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10  THE  LITEEATUHE  OF  THE  lANGTTAGE  WHAT  A  DICTIONARY  OF  WORDS  IS  TO  THE  LANGUAGE  ITSELF. 


Alliboiie'8  Dictionary  of  Authors 


3 


INDISPENSABLY  NECESSARY  TO 

ALL  WHO  READ,  ALL  WHO  WRITE, 

ALL  CLERGYMEN,  ALL  PHYSICIANS,  ALL  LAWYERS, 

Scientific  and  Literary  Men,  Merchants  and  Farmers, 

Manufacturers  and  Mechanics. 

IT  IS  j^  IIOXJSEIIOI-.ID  conyci^-i^iTioiT. 


The  importance  of  this  great  work  to  every  one  will  be  understood  by  referring  to  the  highly 
commendatory  letters  of  the  following 

REPRESENTATIVE   LITERARY   MEN. 


PAGE 

Bancroft,  Hon.  George,  the  Historian 3 

Bryant,  Wm.  C 4 

BethuDe,    Geo.   W.,   r>.D.,    of   the  Dutch   Reformed 

Church,  Brooklyn 10 

Beecher,   Rev.  Henry  Ward,  of  Plymouth   Church, 

Brooklyn 10 

Barnard,  Dr.  Henry,  the  emioent  writer  on    EJuca- 

l'\cm,  an.1  Fijitor  of  Barnard  s  American  Journal  of  Education,  &c...    12 

Channin^,  Walter,  M.D 9 

Cheever,  George  B.,  D.D.,    Pastor  of  the   Church  of 

tlic  I'inil:.,!",    N.Mv  Vnrli 11 

Cogswell,  Dr.  Jos.  G.,  Librarian  of  the  Astor  Library  13 
Cleveland,  Prof.  Charles  D.,  Author  of  Compendium 

or  Enclisii  Literal II re,  &c. 13 

Dunglison,  Robley,  M.D..  LL.D.,  for  more  than  twen- 

tv  roars  Proti-imr  of  ttie  Iii^titutea  of  Medicine.  Ac.  in  the  JefTer- 
Bon  Melical  Colloco.  I'tiiladelpliia.  Author  or  Dnnglison's  Dictionary      8 

Dana,  Richard  Henry,  the  Poet li 

Durhin,   John  P..  D.Tl.,  of  the   Methodist   Episcopal 

Church,  Author  of  Travels  in  Europe,  the  East,  &c 13 

Everett,   Hon,   Edward,   late  President  of   Harvard 

rni>.;r!itv,  Ac 3 

Felton,  Prof.  C.  C,  of  Harvard  University 7 

Francis,    John  W.,    M.D.,    LL.D.,    President   of  the 

New  York  Me.liral  Society,  A-c 8 

Gilpin,  Hon.  Henry  D.,  late  Attorney-General  of  the 

United  states 11 

Goodrich,  Channcey  A.,  D.D..    Prof  of  the  Pastoral 

Charge.  Yale  College.  Editor  of  Webstcr"a  Quarto  Dictionary,  Ac...    11 

Hedge,  Frederic  H,  D.D..  Professor  of  Ecclesiastical 

Hi-t'rr,  Ifar,  ar  i  Iniv.  rsitr.  Editor  of  the  Christian  Examiner 5 

Holmes,  Oliver  Wendell,  M.D..  Parkman  Professor  of 

Amioniyand  PhysioIoKv.  Harvard  University,  Author  of  the  Autocrat 

of  the  IJreakfast'-Tahle,'  &c 6 

Hillard,  George  S.,  in   the  Boston  Courier,  Jan.  13, 

1853,  and  Littell's  l.tviog  Age,  Feb.  5.  1859 8 

Hodge,  Dr.  Charles,  Professor  of  Biblical  Literature, 

Ac.  Pre-l.vlorian  Theological  Seminary.  Princeton,  N.  J 7 

Hawks,   Francis  L.,  LL.D..  D.D.,  Ac lo 

Halleck,  Fitz-Greene,  the  Poet 12 

Hall,  Judge  James,  of  Cincinnati.  Author  of  Legends 

of  the  t^-,  -t.  A. 13 

Irving.  Washington * 

Kine,    Charles,    LL.D.,    President  of  Columbia  Col- 
ic? ,   New  York,    7 

Kennedy,  Hon.  John  P.,  late  Secretary  of  the  Navy, 

Aott).  r  of  Hor^e  S^hoc  Rohio-on,  Ac... 8 

Kenrick,   Et.  Rev.  Francis  Patrick,  Archbishop  of 

Baltimore 10 


liieber.  Dr.  Francis,  Ed.  of  the  Encyo.  Americana,  Ac  s 
Lossing,  Benson  J.,   Author  of  Pictorial  Field-Book 

of  the  Revolution.  Ac 13 

Macaulay.  Lord,  the  Historian 5 

Maary,  Lieut.  M.  F.,    LL.D.,    Director   of  the   U.  S. 

.\a:i,  ual  I  M-crvatory ,  Author  of  Geography  of  the  Sea,  Ac 8 

Mann,  Hon.  Horace,  LL.D.,  Pres.  of  Antioch  College.,  lo 
Mackenzie,    R.  Shelton,   D.C.L.,    Editor   of    Noctes 

Anihrosiaua 11 

Napier,  Lord 9 

Prescott,  W.  H.,  the  Historian 3 

Peabody,  Rev.  A.  P.,  D.D.,  Editor  of  the  N.  Am.  Review...  b 
Prime,  S.  Irenaeus,  D.D.,  Editor  New  York  Observer...  lo 
Parsons,  Theophilus,  LL.D..  Prof,  of  Law  in  Harvard 

Robinson,  Edward,  D.D.,  President  Union  Theologi- 
cal Se miliary,  .\uthor  of  Biblical  Researches  in  Palestine,  Ac 11 

Strickland,  Agnes,  Author  of  the  Queens  of  England..  3 
Sparks,  Jared.  LL.D.,  late  Pros,  of  Harvard  University.  4 
Simms,   W.  Gilmore,    of  South    Carolina,   Author  of 

Yema.^see;  Guy  Rivers;  The  Partisan,  Ac 9 

Sprague,  Dr.  W.  B.,    Author   of   the  Annals   of   the 

Anericui  Piiliiil 10 

Strickland,  Dr.  W.  P.,  of  the  Methodist  Bpis.  Church,  n 
Ticknor,  George,  Author  of  the  Uist.  of  Span.  Literature.  4 

Tuckerman,  Henry  T.,  the  Essayist 7 

Thompson,  John  R.,  Ed.  of  the  South.  Lit.  Messenger...  a 
Thompson,  Jos.  P.,  D.D.,  of  the  Broadway  Tabernacle.  12 
Taney,  Hon.  Roger  B.,  Chief  Justice  of  the  Supreme 

Court  of  the  Lulled  Slates ^3 

Verplanck,  Gulian  C,  LL.D.,  Regent  of  the  Univer- 

511 V  Of  [be  Slate  of  N.  York,  Editor  of  the  Illustrated  Shakspeare,  Ac.  12 

Wiseman,  Cardinal 3 

Whipple,  E.  P.,  the  Reviewer B 

Walker,  James,  LL.D.,   President  of  Harvard   Uni- 

vcr.ilj ' 

Woolsey,  Theodore  D.,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  President  of  Tale 

Collece ' 

Winthrop,  Hon.  Robert  C,  of  Boston 9 

Wayland,    Francis,   D.D.,   late   President  of  Brown 

t'iii\er>itv.  Author  ot  Way  land's  Moral  Science,  Ac 9 

Willis,  N.  P 1" 

Whittier,  John  G.,  the  Poet 12 


Volume  I.,  super-royal  octavo,  100-5  pages,  elegantly  printed  on  fine  paper.     Price,  $.5.00  in  muslin  bind- 
ing; $6.00  in  fine  sheep  binding,  or  S7.50  in  library  style,  half  turkey  morocco  antique. 

Forwarded  to  any  portion  of  the  United  States,  free  of  expense,  on  the  receipt  of  the  above  prices. 

Address  CHILDS  &  PETERSON, 

&Q2_Arch  Street,  Fhiladelphia. 


ALLIBONE'S  DICTIONiVRY  OF  AUTHORS. 


A  Critical  Dictionary  of  English  Literature,  and  British  and  Ameri- 
can Authors,  living  and  deceased:  from  the  Earliest  Accounts 
to  the  Middle  of  the  Nineteenth  Century.  Containing  Thirty 
Thousand  Biographies  and  Literary  Notices:  with  Forty  Indexes 
of  Subjects.  "  The  chief  glory  of  every  people  arises  from  its 
Authors.''^  By  S.  Austin  Allibone  :  1859,  imp).  8vo.  Childs  and 
Peterson,  Philadelp)hia.    TrUbner  &  Co.,  London.    Price  $5.00. 

The  first  volume  of  tliis  work  is  just  published  in  Philadelphia  and  London.  It  contains  the 
letters  from  A  to  J,  both  inclusive,  1005  pages,  imperial  double  column,  minion  and  nonpareil 
type,  about  200  lines  on  each  page  on  an  average,  the  volume  containing  upwards  of  two  millions 
of  words.  In  bulk  of  typographical  matter  it  is  equal  to  thirteen  volumes  (470  pages  each)  of 
Putnam's  edition  of  Irving's  Works,  or  about  fourteen  volumes  of  Prescott's,  Bancroft's,  or 
Hallam's  Histories,  8vo.  The  number  of  Authors  whose  works  are  noticed  in  the  first  volume 
is  above  17,100;  making  in  the  forty  indexes  (at  end  of  vol.  ii.)  about  24,100  names,  viz:  — 

AnthorB.  Authors 

1.  Agriculture 320    23.  Mathematics  :  Arithmetic,  Geometry,  Trigono- 

2.  Antiquities:  ArchEeology,  Mythology,  and  Nu-  metry,  Ac 353 

nismatics 510    24.  Mechanics,  Engineering,  Railways 141 


3.  Architecture 106 

4.  Astronomy  and  Astrology 203 

5.  Bibliography:     Bnolibinding,    Catalogues,    and 

Priming 120 

6.  Biography  and  Correspondence 1170 

7.  Botany  :  Arboriculture,  Flowe'?,  Fruit,  Ilorticul- 

turc.  Vegetables 257 

8.  Chemistry .•. 191 

9.  Divinity 5668 

10.  Domestic  Economy  55 

11.  Dramatic  Literature 527 

12.  Education 472 

13.  Essayists:    Encyclopajdias,    Periodical    Litera- 

ture   617 

14.  Fiction:  Facetiae,  Novels,  Romances,  Tales 620 

15.  Games  and  Sports 130 

16.  Geography:  Atlases  and  Charts 159 

17.  Geology,  Mineralogy 89 

18.  Heraldry  and  Genealogy 140 

19.  History,  Chronicles,  Chronology 1114 

20.  Juvenile  Works  :  Tales,  &c 145 

21.  Law,  Jurisprudence 1272 

22.  Literary  History 227 


25.  Medical  Sciences 1714 

26.  Moral  and  Slental  Philosophy 487 

27.  Morals 309 

28.  Music 180 

29.  Natural  History 305 

30.  Natural  Philosophy 346 

31.  Naval  and  Military  510 

32.  Painting  and  Sculpture 256 

33.  Philology 511 

34.  Poetry  and  Poetical  Criticism 1838 

35.  Politics  :  Government,  Legislation,  Documents 

and  Reports 850 

36.  Political  Economy  :  general  subject  and  special 

topics 527 

37.  Topography 270 

38.  Trade  and  Commerce 280 

39.  Travels 892 

40.  Voyages 235 

Total  number  of  names  in  the  forty  indexes 

from  A  to  J  inclusive.  Vol.  1 24,116 

"      KtoZ         "  "     2,  about 26,000 

Total  number  of  names  in  the  Indexes  of  the 

two  volumes,  about 50,116 


As  each  of  the  forty  indexes  runs  through  the  alphabet  from  A  to  Z,  this  department  of  the 
work  will  probably  consist  of  nearly  one  thousand  divisions,  enrolling  about  50,000  names.  It  will 
be  interesting  to  see  at  a  glance  the  number  of  authors  of  names  of  common  occurrence  in  the 
body  of  the  work  in  vol.  i.,  A  to  J. 

Brown  and  Browne 175 

Clark  and  Clarke 153 

Green  and  Greene S3 

Davies 68 


Davis 48 

Ellis 47 

Gibson 42 

Grant 47 

Hall 92 

Hamilton 86 

Harris 52 

Harrison 52 


Hill 

Holmes.. 
Howard . 
Irving.... 


67 

24 

53 

17 

Jackson 81 

James 48 

Johnson 110 

Johnston 35 

Johnstone 17 

Jones 189 

Authors  in  21  names 1586 


The  number  of  works  recorded,  and  in  very  many  cases  criticized,  both  favourably  and  unfavour- 
ably, would  perhaps  in  the  whole  work  amount  to  between  one  and  two  hundred  thousand; 
but  this  is  a  mere  surmise,  as  they  have  never  been  numbered. 

The  best,  because  the  briefest,  description  which  can  be  given  of  the  Critical  Dictionary,  is  that 

IT   IS   INTENDED   TO    BE    TO    THE    LITERATURE    01'    THE    L.lNGnAGE    WHAT   A    DICTIONARY    OE   WORDS    IS    TO 
THE   LANGUAGE   ITSELF.  | 

The  second  volume,  which  will  complete  the  work,  is  now  more  than  one-half  stereotyped. 


TESTIMONIALS   TO   ALLIBONE'S  DICTIONARY   OF  AUTHORS. 


From  Wm.  II.  Prescott,  Esq.,  the  Historian. 

Boston,  Aug.l^,  1855. 
Gentlemen  : — I  should  sooner  have  replied  to  your  note 
requesting  my  opinion  of  AUibono's  Dictionary  of  Litera- 


ture.    I  have  rarely  seen  so  liirge  an  amount  of  matter  i 
condensed  into  so    small  a  compass.     The  work  is  con-  , 
ducted  on  what  to  me  is  an  entirely  novel  principle,  and  : 
presents  the  reader  not  simply  with  the  opinions  of  the 
author,  but  with  those  of  the  best  critics  on  every  writer  i 
whose  character  ho  discusses.     This  is  opening  the  best 
sources  of  information,  while  the  original  contributions  of 
the  editor,  which  connect  the  extracts  together,  arc  of  a  , 
piquant  kind  that  gives  vivacity  to  the  discussion. 

The  index  of  subjects  will  fnrm  a  sort  of  catalogue  rat-  , 
tonnie,  that  cannot  fail  to  make  the  book  as  useful  in  a  , 
bibliographical  as  in  a  biographical  view.    If  the  rest  of  the  , 
work  is  as  ably  executed  as  that  embraced  under  the  first 
three  letters  of  the  alphabet, — all  I  have  seen, — it  cannot 
fail  to  be  an  important  contribution  to  English  Literature. 
I  remain,  gentlemen,  your  ob't  servant, 

Childa  &  Peterson.  W.  H.  PRESCOTT. 


Boston,  Dec.  27, 1858. 

3fy  dear  Sir : — I  am  truly  obliged  to  you  for  so  welcome 
a  present  as  the  first  volume  of  your  great  work.  I  have 
read  the  whole  of  it  with  the  same  care  which  I  bestowed 
on  the  earlier  portion;  and  I  may  truly  say  that  I  find  no 
occasion  to  modify  the  opinions  I  have  before  expressed 
in  regard  to  the  book.  I  find  everywhere  occasion  to 
commend  the  excellence  of  the  plan  and  the  conscientious 
and  able  manner  in  which  it  has  been  carried  into  execu- 
tion. Indeed,  the  work  may  be  said  to  combine  in  itself  a 
whole  library  of  criticism;  and  the  reader,  who  sees  the 
scattered  rays  of  opinion  concentrated  into  one  focus, 
carries  with  him  what  may  be  regarded  as  an  expression 
of  the  public  sentiment  on  the  topic  under  review. 

With  my  best  wishes  for  the  successful  completion  of 
your  difficult  task,     I  remain,  dear  sir.  very  sincerely  yours, 

K  Atistm  Allibone,  Esq.  W.  H.  PRESCOTT. 


From  Cardinal  Wiseman. 

London,  Feb.  18,  1859. 

Dear  Sir: — I  thank  you  very  sincerely  for  the  first 
volume  of  your  Dictionary  of  Authors.  I  have  tested  its 
Talue  in  two  different  ways, — first  by  looking  at  the  accounts 
of  comparatively  unknown  or  obscure  authors  hardly  to  be 
found  in  ordinary  biographical  works,  and  then  by  glancing 
over  the  history  of  celebrated  ones,  whose  lives  have  occu- 
pied volumes.  Your  work  stands  both  tests  admirably.  I 
have  found  more  about  the  first  class  of  writers  than  I  have 
ever  seen  elsewhere,  and  than  I  could  have  anticipated  in 
so  comprehensive  a  work;  while  the  interesting  points  in 
the  literary  lives  of  those  belonging  to  the  second  are 
brought  out  in  sufficient  detail  and  treated  with  sufficient 
accuracy  to  render  further  reference  or  inquiry  unnecessary. 

I  congratulate  you  on  the  success  of  your  herculean  un- 
dertaking, and  am  Yours,  very  faithfully, 

S.  Austin  Allibone,  Esq.  N.  CARD.  WISEMAN. 


From  Agnes  Strickland,  Author  of  tlie  Queens  of  F.nglsinfl,  &c. 
11  Connanght  Terrace,  Hi/de  Pork,  London,  March  1, 1859. 

Miss  Agnes  Strickland  presents  her  compliments  to  Mr. 
Allibone,  and  returns  her  best  acknowledgments  for  the 
presentation-copy  of  the  first  volume  of  his  valuable  publi- 
cation, "The  Critical  Dictionary  of  English  Literature  and 
British  and  American  Authors,"  with  which  he  has  favoured 
her.  She  considers  it  will  be  a  most  useful  and  important 
addition  to  every  library,  and  hopes  the  success  may  be 
such  as  to  pepay  the  learned  author  for  the  immense  labour 
and  research  he  has  expended  upon  it* 


From  the  lion.  Edward  Everett,  late  President  of  Harvard  Uni- 
versity, ic. 

Boston,  Sept.  20, 1855. 
Gentlemen : — X  have  received  the  volume  you  were  good 
enough  to  send  me,  containing  the  first  three  letters  of  Mr. 
Allibone's  "Critical  Dictionary  of  English  Literature,  and 
British  and  American  Authors,  Living  and  Deceased."  The 
plan  of  the  work  isextremcly  comprehensive,  and  requires 
laborious  research  in  the  collection  of  the  materials,  and 
great  care  and  discrimination  in  putting  them  together.' 
As  far  as  I  have  been  able  to  examine  the  specimen  con- 
tained in  the  volume  sent  me,  Mr.  Allibone  is  performing 
his  task  with  great  fidelity  and  success.  In  giving,  in  the 
words  of  the  authors,  the  judgments  which  he  cites  from 
approved  sources,  he  has  made  a  great  improvement  over 
former  biographical  dictionaries,  which  are,  fur  the  most 
part,  unacknowledged  compilations.  Mr.  Allibone's  work 
appears  to  be,  to  a  very  unusual  degree,  the  result  of  ori- 
ginal investigation,  and,  if  completed  as  begun,  will,  I  am 
confident,  be  found  a  most  useful  work  of  reference,  and 
an  important  addition  to  the  literary  apparatus  of  our 
language.     I  am,  gentlemen,  respectfully  yours, 

EDWARD  EVERETT. 

Chihh  tt  Peterson, 


Boston,  Dec.  27, 1S58. 

Mif  dear  Sir : — On  my  return  from  the  country  on  Satur- 
day, I  found  on  my  table  the  first  volume  of  your  great 
work,  with  your  letter  accompanying  it.  I  have  not,  of 
course,  had  time  to  do  more  than  cast  a  hasty  glance  over 
the  volume;  but,  as  you  express  a  wish  to  know  that  it  has 
come  to  hand,  I  hasten  to  let  you  know  that  I  have  re- 
ceived it,  'and  that  the  little  examination  I  have  been  able 
to  make  of  it  has  confirmed  the  opinion  which  I  formed 
of  its  merits  on  a  more  careful  inspection  of  the  first 
three  letters. 

I  congratulate  you  on  having  made  such  progress  in 
your  vast  undertaking,  and  tender  you  my  best  wishes  for 
the  successful  completion  of  the  work. 

I  remain,  dear  sir,  with  great  regard,  very  truly  yours, 

EDWARD  EVERETT. 

S.  Austin  Allibone,  Eftq. 


From  lion.  George  Bancroft,  the  Ilistorian. 

New  Tori;  Nov.  17,  1S55. 
Gcnilcmen : — The  examination  of  articles  under  the  letter 
A,  in  Mr.  Allibone's  Critical  Dictionary  of  British  and  Ame- 
rican Authors,  has  led  me  to  form  a  high  estimate  of  the 
comprehensiveness  and  the  utility  of  his  design,  as  well  as 
of  the  fearless  and  indefatigable  industry,  the  candour,  and 
the  general  ability  with  which  he  is  executing  it.  His 
work  bids  fair  to  take  a  very  high  rank  in  its  own  peculiar 
department.  His  plan  has  moreover  a  special  attraction, 
for  it  not  only  presents  appropriate  information  respecting 
each  author,  but  also  a  general  picture  of  the  impression 
which  he  may  have  made  on  the  public  and  on  his  critics. 
I  wish  the  deserved  success  to  this  great  undertaking,  and 
Remain,  very  respectfully  yours, 

GEORGE  BANCROFT. 
Ohilda  <{■  Peterson. 


New  TorJc,  Dec.  24,  1S58. 
Ml/  dear  3fr.  Allibone : — Last  eveningyour  volume  reached 
me  safely;  and  I  have  already  turned  over  enough  of  its 
leaves  to  be  sure  that  it  is  filled  full  of  information,  heaped 
up  and  running  over.  I  have  no  doubt  I  shall  find  all  the 
auguries  accomplished.     Accept  the  best  thanks  of 

Yours  very  truly,  GEORGE  BANCROFT. 


TESTIMONIALS   TO   ALLIBONE'S   DICTIONARY   OF  AUTHORS. 


From  Washington  Ining,  Esq. 

Sunnysidp,  Aug.  23,  1855. 
Gentlemen : — Accept  my  thanks  for  the  specimen  you 
bave  sent  me  of  Mr.  Allibonc's  Critical  Dictionary  of  Eng- 
lish Literature.  The  undertaking  does  honour  to  that  gen- 
tleman's enterprise;  and  the  manner  in  which,  from  the 
Bpecimen  before  me,  (4G4  pages,)  he  appears  to  execute  it, 
does  honour  to  his  intelligence,  perspicuity,  wide  and 
accurate  research,  impartiality,  and  good  taste.  AVhen 
completed,  the  work  cannot  fail  to  be  a  valuable  library 
companion  and  family  book  of  reference.  The  beautiful 
manner  in  which  the  work  is  got  up  is  highly  creditable 
to  American  typography. 

Very  respectfully,  gentlemen, 

Your  obliged  and  ob't  servant. 

WASHINGTON  IRVING. 

Chihle  &  Peterson. 


Sunnyside,  Jan.  12, 1S59. 

3fi/  dear  Sir: — I  have  to  thank  you  for  a  copy  of  the  first 
volume  of  your  Dictionary  of  Authors,  which  you  have 
had  the  kindness  to  send  me.  It  fully  comes  up  to  the 
high  anticipations  I  had  formed  from  the  specimen  sub- 
mitted to  my  inspection  in  1865. 

Thus  far  you  have  fulfilled  admirably  the  stupendous 
task  undertaken  by  you;  and  your  work,  when  completed, 
will  remain  a  monument  of  unsparing  industry,  indefati- 
gable research,  sound  and  impartial  judgment,  and  critical 
acumen. 

It  merits,  and  cannot  fail  to  have,  a  wide  circulation, 
and  to  find  a  place  in  every  library. 

With  great  regard,  yours,  very  truly, 

WASHINGTON  IRVING. 

S.  Austin  Allihone,  Esq. 


From  Jaxed  Sparks,  LL.D.,  late  President  of  ITarvard  Univorsity. 

Camhridgt',  Sej4.  I,  1855. 

Gentlemen: — I  have  examined,  with  great  satisfaction, 
Ihs  part  of  Mr.  Allibone's  Dictionary  of  English  Literature 
which  has  already  been  published,  (464  pages.)  The  plan 
appears  to  me  an  exceedingly  good  one, — comprising,  as  it 
does,  a  notice  of  all  the  English  and  American  authors 
down  to  the  present  time,  with  biographical  incidents,  an 
enumeration  of  their  several  publications,  and  frequent 
critical  remarks. 

An  undertaking  so  comprehensive  in  its  design  requires 
vast  diligence  and  research.  As  far  as  the  author  has  pro- 
ceeded, he  seems  to  have  executed  his  task  with  ability, 
good  judgment,  and  success.  When  completed,  the  work 
cannot  fail  to  be  of  great  utility  to  all  readers  who  would 
acquire  a  knowledge  of  books,  and  a  most  valuable  acces- 
sion to  every  library. 

I  am,  gentlemen,  very  respectfully  yours, 

JARED  SPARKS. 
Chihls  &  Peterson, 


Cambridge,  Jan.  3,  18G9. 

Dear  Sir : — I  have  received  your  letter,  and  also  the  first 
volume  of  your  Dictionary  of  English  Literature,  for 
which  I  beg  you  will  accept  my  thanks.  It  is  a  work  of 
prodigious  labour,  requiring  vast  research,  and  great  judg- 
ment and  skill  in  the  execution;  and,  from  the  examina- 
tion which  I  have  been  able  to  bestow  upon  it,  I  am  per- 
suaded that  it  will  in  all  respects  justify  the  high  anticipa- 
tions of  the  public. 

With  best  wishes  for  your  entire  success  in  this  import- 
ant and  arduous  enterprise, 

I  am,  dear  sir,  respectfully  and  truly  ynurs, 

„   ,      .     ,„.,         „  JARED  SPARKS. 

O.  Auattn  AUihonef  Esq. 


From  Georgo  Ticknor,  Esq.,  Author  of  the  History  of  Spanibb 
liiteratmo. 

Boston,  January  8, 1859. 

GentUmen: — Ever  since  the  Eibliotheca  of  Watt  was 
published,  between  1S19  and  1824, 1  have  been  in  the  habit 
of  using  it;  and,  notwithstanding  the  omissions  and  errors 
always  to  be  expected  in  such  publications,  I  have  found 
it  to  be  an  excellent  work,  ampler  and  more  satisfactory 
than  Lowndes,  or  any  other  in  the  language.  On  receiving 
the  first  volume  of  Allibone's  Dictionary,  I,  therefore,  na- 
turally compared  it  with  the  corresponding  portion  of 
Watt's  Bibliotheca,  and  noted  the  following  differences. 
(1.)  AUibone  leaves  out  the  foreign  and  ancient  authois, 
who  are  so  imperfectly  given  in  Watt  that  their  articles 
are  of  no  real  virtue,  and  usurp  a  space  much  wanted  for 
more  important  matter.  (2.)  lie  inserts,  sometimes  in  ar- 
ticles that  are  abridged,  and  sometimes  in  articles  that  are 
enlarged,  all  the  British  authors  given  by  Watt  and 
Lowndes,  and  adds  a  great  many  more, — I  should  think 
several  thousand  more.  (.3.)  Ho  inserts,  as  nearly,  I  sup- 
pose, as  he  could  ascertain  them,  the  whole  body  of  Ameri- 
can authors,  of  whom,  I  think,  there  are  not  two  hundred 
eitherin  Wattor  in  Lowndes.  (4.)  lie  inserts  biographical 
notices  of  a  multitude  of  the  more  important  authors,  some  ' 
of  them  long  and  interesting,  with  abundant  references  to 
the  sources  where  their  lives  can  be  found  at  length,  while 
Watt,  at  best,  gives  little  more  than  the  dates  of  their  birtha 
and  deaths.  (5.)  He  inserts,  generally  in  their  own  words, 
the  judgment  pronounced  by  critics  of  recognised  authority 
on  a  great  number  of  authors  and  their  works,  and  adds 
copious  references  to  other  opinions  and  discussions  con- 
cerning them;  of  all  which  there  is  hardly  a  trace  in  Watt, 
and  nothing  of  any  consequence.  (6.)  He  proposes  to  in- 
sert at  the  end  of  his  Dictionary  fifty  thousand  titles  of 
books  in  the  English  Language,  arranged  under  forty  dif- 
ferent heads,  each  in  alphabetical  order,  so  as  to  give  a 
condensed  view  hy  suhjecta  of  whatever  is  of  any  value  in 
British  and  American  Letters  and  Science,  which  Watt  has 
partly  done,  but  in  a  less  satisfactory  manner,  because  with 
less  ample  materials,  and  with  a  subdivision,  for  many 
purposes,  too  minute. 

The  practical  result  of  the  whole  seems  therefore  to  be, 
that  Mr.  AUibone  is  now  giving  us,  in  a  condensed  form,  at 
once  an  Encyclopedia  and  an  Index  of  what  is  valuable 
and  interesting  in  the  Lives,  Characters,  and  Bibliography 
of  British  and  American  Authors,  better  and  more  manage- 
able than  any  similar  work  that  we  now  possess,  and  of 
permanent  imi)ortance  to  anybody — scholar  or  not — who 
wishes  to  read  books  profitably  and  intelligently  in  his 
native  tongue. 

Your  obedient  servant, 

GEO.  TICKNOR. 

Chihh  t£-  Peterson. 


From  Wui.  C.  Bryant,  Ksq. 

I^ew  Tori;  Aug.  29, 1855. 
Gcnthmen: — The  specimen  of  Mr.  Allibone's  Critical 
Dictionary  of  Authors  which  you  sent  me  has  given  me  a 
high  idea  of  the  industry,  exactness,  and  various  reading 
of  the  author.  I  think  it  promises  to  bo  one  of  the  most 
valuable  works  of  reference  which  h.ave  been  produced  in 
the  present  century.  The  plan  appears  to  me  excellent, 
though  ditheult;  but  the  diflieully  has  been  happily  over- 
come by  the  author's  extraordiuary  research. 
Truly  yours, 

W.  C.  BRYANT. 

Chihh  d:  Peterson, 


TESTIMONIALS   TO   ALLIBONE'S   DICTIONARY   OF   AUTHORS. 


5 


Ivew  Tbrk^  February/  1, 1859. 
Dear  Sir: — Tho  high  opinion  I  formed  of  your  work  on 
looking  over  some  of  the  first  sheets,  I  have  found  no 
cause  to  modify,  except  as  it  has  risen  in  my  esteem.  I 
regard  it  as  one  of  the  best  books  of  reference  ever  com- 
piled, and  have  no  fear  that  the  public  will  fail  properly 
to  acknowledge  its  merit. 

I  am,  sir,  very  truly  yours, 


W.  C.  BRYANT. 


S.  Austin  AlUbone,  Esq, 


From  Rev,  A,  P.  Peabody,  D.D..  Editor  of  tho  North  American 
Review. 

Btrtsmouth,  .V.ff.,  Jan.  11,  1S59. 
3f/  dear  Sir: — -The  work  more  than  fulfils  my  best  ex- 
pectations. For  thoroughness,  impartiality,  skilful  selec- 
tion of  opinions  and  authorities,  and  the  adjustment  of 
the  length  and  minuteness  of  articles  to  the  relative  import- 
ance of  their  subjects,  I  cannot  conceive  of  a  better  work 
of  the  kind.  Intleed,  there  exists  no  work  with  which  it 
can  be  compared.  Every  literai-y  man  has  felt  the  need 
of  such  a  dictionary;  and  when  yours  is  completed,  and 
on  our  tables,  it  will  be  hard  for  us  to  see  how  we  could 
ever  have  dispensed  with  it.  To  the  student  of  literary 
history  it  is  especially  valuable;  for  under  each  name  it 
.  gives  him,  first,  the  essential  facts  as  to  the  writer's  time, 
environments,  and  productions;  secondly,  the  means  of 
judging  whether  he  is  worth  further  investigation;  and, 
thirdly,  such  references  as  will  enable  him  to  follow  out 
the  detailed  history  and  merits  of  an  author  deserving  ex- 
tended research.  Hoping  that  the  reception  and  sale  of 
the  work  may  correspond  with  its  merits,  and  sincerely 
thanking  you  for  the  courtesy  and  kindness  of  what  would 
have  been  an  advance-copy  had  it  not  slept  a  fortnight  in 
the  hands  of  my  publishers, 

I  am,  as  ever,  most  sincerely  your?, 

A.  P.  PEABODY. 
S.  Austin  Allibune,  Esq. 


from  Frederic  Henry  Hedge,  D.D.,  Prof,  of  Ecclesiastical  History, 
Harvard  University,  Editor  of  the  Christian  Examiner. 

Brooldine,  Jan.  IS,  1S59. 

Dear  Sir: — I  hasten  to  thank  you  for  the  welcome  gift 
of  the  first  volume  of  your  ''Dictionary  of  Authors,"  and 
am  glad  of  this  opportunity  to  express  my  high  sense  of 
the  value  and  extraordinary  merit  of  this  publication.  The 
resolute  diligence  and  conscientious  care  displayed  in  it 
fill  me  with  amazement.  I  conceive  the  design  of  such  a 
work  to  be  one  of  the  most  arduous  of  literary  enterprises, 
and  the  execution  seems  to  me  to  correspond  with  the  mag- 
nitude of  the  undertaking. 

In  minuteness  and  completeness  I  should  say  that  your 
"Critical  Dictionary  of  English  Literature"  had  no  rival. 
I  know  of  no  work  of  the  kind  in  any  language  so  com- 
prehensive in  its  plan  and  so  complete  in  its  details, — none 
which  can  compare  with  it  as  a  bibliographical  hand-book 
of  national  literature. 

The  article  on  Junius  may  be  cited  as  an  instance  of  the 
generous  fidelity  which  characterizes  the  execution  of  this 
great  project. 

I  observe  with  special  satisfaction  that  amid  the  vast 
multitude  of  modern  writers  you  have  found  space  for  the 
great  names  of  the  Anglo-Saxon  and  Anglo-Norman  pe- 
riods of  British  Authorship,  and  am  pleased  to  see  abridged 
from  Wright  such  articles  as  those  on  Cede,  on  Alcuin, 
and  on  Anselm. 

"Wishing  you  equal  success  with  the  remaining  portion 
of  your  work, 

I  am,  dear  sir,  respectfully  yours. 

FREDERIC  H.  HEDGE. 

S.  Austin  Alfibone,  Esq. 


From  Lord  Macaulay.  tlie  Ilistoiian. 

IIoHei/  Lvdgt,  Kmsiiiffton,  Jan.  29,  18;j9. 
It  cannot  fail,  I  think,  to  be  a  valuable  addition  to  Eiig 
lish  as  well  as  American  libraries.  MACAULAY, 


From  Dr.  Lieber,  Editor  of  the  EucycluiJa?dia  Americana,  &c, 
Columbia  Cbllege,  New  York,  March  12,  1S59. 

J/y  Dear  Sir: — I  have  now  titled  your  Critical  Diction- 
ary for  some  time,  aud  tbink  it  but  fair  to  state  to  a  friend 
and  fellow-scholar  that  I  have  found  it  in  almost  all  cases 
an  aid,  guide,  aud  instructor.  Your  patience,  and  I  think 
I  am  rigbt  if  I  say  your  self-sacrifice,  in  collecting,  and 
giving  with  judgment,  what  others  have  said  and  tbuught, 
will  save  in  the  aggregate  many  a  year,  which  would  other- 
wise have  been  lost  in  bililiographic  and  critical  research, 
aud  will  distribute  knowledge  which  otherwise  would  not 
have  been  collected  and  diffused.  To  uie  your  work  is  of 
the  greatest  usefulness.  I,  for  one,  am  grateful  that  you 
have  given  to  the  scholar  aud  the  general  reader  this  able 
and  comprehensive  work,  on  so  new  a  plan  that  there  is  no 
work  in  English  literature  whieh  can  be  substituted  for  it. 

May  health,  patience,  spirit,  and  peace  of  mind — all  of 
them  necessary  requisites  for  the  composing  of  such  a  work 
■ — be  abundantly  granted  to  you,  to  present  us  as  soon  as 
may  be  with  the  concluding  volume!  I  feel  convinced  that 
all  who  have  used  the  first  heartily  join  me  in  this  wish. 

May  you  prosper  in  every  respect!  This  is  the  sincere 
wish,  my  doar  sir,  of  j'our  sincere  friend  and  servant, 

S.  Austin  AUihvne,  Esq.  FRANCIS  LIEBER. 


From  Oliver  Wendell  Holmes.  M.D..  Parkinin  Professor  of  Anatomy 

and  Physiology,  Harvard  University,  author  of  the  Autocrat  of 

the  E re :di fist-Table.  &z. 

More  than  one  living  writer  has  made  the  remark  that 
be  has  found  a  more  complete  account  of  himself  and  his 
works  in  its  pages  than  he  himself  could  have  given. 

I  have  looked  out  the  names  of  many  medical  authors, 
some  of  them  little  known,  and  have  assured  myself  that 
in  this,  as  doubtless  in  other  special  departments,  there  is 
a  great  collection  of  information  not  to  be  found  in  any 
other  work  with  which  I  am  acquainted,  nor  probably  in 
any  existing. 

While  the  general  scholar,  therefore,  will  keep  the  book 
at  the  side  of  his  Dictionary  of  the  English  Language,  the 
professional  man  may  place  it  next  to  his  Cruden,  or  his 
Cooper,  or  his  Blackstone,  with  the  certainty  that  he  will 
find  in  it  a  rich  storehouse  of  knowledge  with  reference  to 
the  writers  and  the  works  that  more  especially  beb  ng  to 
his  chosen  province  of  learning. 

I  am,  my  dear  sir,  yours  very  truly, 

Geo.  Tr.  Childs,  Esq.  0.  W.  HOLMES. 


From  E.  P.Whipple,  Esq.,  tho  Iteviewer. 

Bostim,  Ja77.2S,  1S59. 

Gcntlrinrn  : — I  thank  yon  for  Mr.  AUibone's  ''Dictionary 
of  Authors."  As  a  labour-saving  work  of  reference,  in 
whose  accuracy  men  of  every  profession  and  occupation 
can  confidently  rely,  it  is  impossible  to  over-estimate  its 
value,  or  the  industry,  research,  and  intelligence  expended 
in  its  preparation.  Apart  from  its  importance  as  a  work 
of  reference,  it  is  full  of  interest  for  the  information  it  con- 
tains regarding  the  lives  of  eminent  authors,  and  for  the 
condensed  view  it  presents  of  the  various  critical  estimates 
of  their  genius  and  influence. 

The  wonder  is,  that  any  man  should  have  been  found 
with  the  requisite  combination  of  industry,  talent,  know- 
ledge, and  taste  for  the  subject,  to  undertake  so  vast  a  la- 
bour; but,  being  done,  the  book  becomes  a  necessity  to  all 
persons  interested  in  books. 

Very  respectfully  youv.^, 

Chads  <£■  Peterson.  E.  P.  WHIPPLE, 


TESTIMONIALS   TO   ALLIBONES   DICTIONARY   OF   AUTHORS. 


GEORGE  S.  HILLARD,  ESft., 

In  the  Boston  Courier,  Jan.  13,  1S69,  and  Littell's  Living  Age, 
Feb.  6,  1869. 

This  is  a  truly  wonderful  work,  wonderful  for  the  pro- 
digious industry  with  which  it  has  been  prepared,  the  wide 
field  from  which  its  materials  have  been  drawn,  and  the 
immense  massof  matter  which  is  presented  in  a  condensed 
and  compact  form  for  edification  and  delectation.  It  is  a 
book  especially  addressed  to  those  who  love  books, — who 
possess  them,  or  mean  to  possess  them, — and  whose  eyes 
are  recreated,  and  whose  hearts  are  exhilarated,  by  the 
sight  of  portly  quartos,  goodly  octavos,  shapely  duodeci- 
mos, clad  in  a  comely  vesture  of  morocco,  Russia,  or  calf, 
with  gilding  tastefully  interspersed.  The  advent  of  such 
a  manual  of  refcrenee  is  a  red-letter  day  in  the  life  of  an 
enthusiastic  bibliomaniac;  and  the  delight  and  gratitude 
with  which  he  must  receive  it  will  only  be  alloyed  by  a 
feeling  of  regret  that  it  had  not  come  earlier  in  life,  and 
of  sadness  at  the  thought  of  the  unhappy  years  he  had 
wasted  without  it.  The  first  impulse  of  his  heart  will  bo 
to  illuminate  his  house,  to  send  for  a  band  of  music,  to 
invite  his  friends  to  dinner,  to  open  the  most  cherished 
bin  in  his  cellar,  and  to  drink  the  health  of  Allibo-ne 
■with  all  the  honours.  Dear,  garrulous,  gossiping  Dr. 
Dibdin,  why  are  you  not  alive  to  welcome  this  capital  ac- 
cession to  the  shelves  of  bibliography,  and  to  lavish  upon 
it  all  your  adjectives  of  laudation? 

But  our  readers,  naturally  enough,  may  wish  to  know 
what  the  book  is  that  awakens  in  us  a  strain  of  jubilant 
enthusiasm  so  unlike  our  usual  critical  impassiveness.  We 
will  tell  them  what  it  is.  It  is  the  first  volume  of  a  dic- 
tionary which  contains,  or  is  to  contain,  the  name  of  every 
man,  living  and  dead,  who  has  written  one  or  more  books, 
and  gained  any  sort  of  a  place  in  literature,  in  England  or 
America.  Here  they  are  all  to  be  found,  from  Aleuin,  Bede, 
and  Alfred, — who  have  been  dust  for  a  thousand  years, — 
down  to  Mr.  Butler,  the  author  of  "Nothing  to  Wear,"  and 
Mr.  Aldrich,  the  author  of  "Babie  Bell."  Here  are  the 
etars  of  the  first,  second,  and  third  magnitudes, — each  in 
its  own  sphere,  and  each  shining  with  its  own  peculiar 
glory;  and  here,  too,  are  the  farthing  candles  and  the 
rush-lights  that  have  fluttered  and  sputtered  for  a  brief 
season  and  thrown  their  light  over  a  minute  space.  For 
instance,  five  solid  columns  arc  given  to  the  life  and 
writings  of  Joseph  Addison;  but  Joseph  Addison,  like  all 
the  rest  of  mankind,  had  a  father;  and  his  name  was  Lan- 
celot, and  be  was  a  clergyman, — a  respectable  old  gentle- 
man, we  doubt  not,  in  wig  and  small-clothes,  and  not  averse 
to  port  wine;  and  this  said  Lancelot  was  also  a  blotter  of 
paper,  and  in  twelve  lines  Mr.  Allibono  tells  us  who  he  was 
and  what  he  did.  And  here  they  stand,  son  and  father, 
side  by  side,  the  cedar  of  Lebanon  and  the  hyssop  on  the 
wall. 

Let  it  not  for  a  moment  be  supposed  that  this  dictionary 
is  merely  a  catalogue  of  the  names  of  authors  and  of  their 
books, — simply  an  enlargement  and  expansion  of  Watt's 
Bibliotheca  Britannica:  it  is  something  more  and  better 
than  this.  Brief  biographical  notices  are  given  of  all 
writers  of  any  note  and  consideration,  living  or  dead;  and 
a  very  copious  array  of  critical  notices  and  literary  judg- 
ments is  appended  to  such  names  as  have  been  conspicuous 
enough  to  call  them  forth.  These  critical  notices  have 
been  culled  from  a  great  variety  of  sources,  and  do  much 
honour  to  Mr.  Alliboue's  industry,  showing,  as  they  do,  an 
immense  range  of  reading.     =>     ■=■-     -t-     Jjf     *     *     *     * 

But  the  fact  that  this  dictionary  contains  so  many  bio- 
graphical sketches  and  literary  notices  makes  it  something 
more  than  a  mere  book  of  reference.     It  is  a  pleasant  book 


to  take  up  and  turn  over  the  leaves  of  in  the  unoccupied 
moments  of  life,  the  bits  and  fragments  of  the  day  that 
are  too  short  for  any  continuous  reading.  By  searching, 
the  diligent  reader  may  find  many  entertainmg  anecdotes, 
many  curious  facts,  many  brilliant  observations  upon 
the  lives  and  writings  of  men  of  genius,  hidden  away  in 
the  genera!  mass  of  names,  dates,  and  titles,  like  veins  of 
gold  in  beds  of  quartz.  Under  the  head  of  Lord  Byron, 
I  for  instance,  we  come  upon  two  interesting  original  com- 
{  munications,  one  from  Mr.  Everett  and  one  from  Mr. 
Ticknor,  giving  their  recollections  of  the  noble  poet's  ap- 
pearance, manners,  and  conversation.     *     *     *     ®     * 

For  the  benefit  of  such  of  our  readers  as  like  well-defined 
facts  and  strict  accuracy  of  statement,  wo  take  occasion  to 
say  that  the  volume  before  us  contains  the  letters  from  A 
to  J  inclusive,  and  the  typo  is  minion  and  nonpareil,  that 
the  page  is  printed  in  double  columns,  and  that  the  num- 
ber of  words  is  upwards  of  two  million.  In  bulk  of  typo- 
graphical matter  it  is  equal  to  about  fourteen  such  volumes 
as  those  in  which  the  histories  of  Bancroft  and  Prescott 
are  presented.  The  retail  price  of  each  of  these  volumes 
is  two  dollars;  but  that  of  the  book  before  us — the  first 
volume  of  the  Dictionary — is  but  five  dollars;  so  that  it  is 
a  work  of  extraordinary  cheapness  as  well  as  extraordinary 
merit.  Indeed,  nothing  but  a  very  large  sale  can  ever 
remunerate  the  publishers  for  their  enterprising  liberality 
of  outlay  in  getting  it  up. 

Not  merely  to  the  general  reader,  whose  taste  in  books 
is  comprehensive  and  catholic,  is  this  manual  of  reference 
addressed;  but  those  who  walk  in  a  particular  path,  and 
cultivate  a  special  corner  of  the  great  field  of  letters,  will 
find  it  a  good  guide  and  a  safe  help.  The  divine,  by  its 
light,  can  pick  his  way  through  the  palpable  obscure  of 
theological  controversy,  and  that  vast  cemetery  in  which 
the  bones  of  defunct  sermons  are  quietly  reposing.  We 
notice,  too,  that  particular  attention  has  been  paid  to  legal 
bibliography,  so  that  the  practising  lawyer,  who  looks  upon 
polite  literature  with  no  more  respect  than  the  miller  does 
the  blue  and  white  flowers  that  grow  amid  the  corn,  will 
not  be  able  to  show  cause  why  he  should  not  buy  it,  but 
the  rule  will  be  made  absolute  at  once. 

The  entire  work — of  which  we  have  now  one-half will 

be  comprised  in  two  volumes;  and  at  the  end  there  will  be 
found  forty  copious  indexes  of  subjects,  by  the  help  of 
which  the  reader  can  at  once  refer  to  all  the  authors  who 
have  written  upon  any  given  department  of  letters.  This 
will  be  of  material  value  to  scholars,  and  add  much  to  the 
usefulness  of  the  work, 
ffi     »    -»    s    ss     »    s     s    e     s     3     »     »     »    -s 

The  Dictionary,  as  a  whole,  is  very  copious  and  very 
correct.  It  presents  in  a  compact  form  a  vast  mass  of 
literary  information,  in  general  as  remarkabto  for  accuracy 
as  for  fulness.  Wo  chronicle  its  appearance  as  a  notice- 
able event  in  the  literary  history  of  the  country.  It  is 
most  honourable  to  the  compiler,  Mr.  AUibone, — giving  evi- 
dence, as  it  docs,  not  merely  of  patient  toil  that  has  never 
waxed  fiiint,  but  of  taste,  judgment,  and  skill.  It  is  ho- 
nourable to  the  publishers,  who,  for  the  sake  of  good  letters, 
have  been  willing  to  send  out  a  largo  invoice  of  capital 
upon  a  voyage  that  will  be  long  before  it  begins  to  mako 
returns.  It  is  creditable  to  the  country;  for  such  a  work 
could  not  have  been  undertaken  by  men  so  sagacious  and 
experienced  as  Messrs.  Cbilds  &  Peterson,  if  they  had  not 
felt  assured  that  such  a  love  of  knowledge  and  taste  for 
reading  bad  been  diffused  through  the  community  as  made 
it  ripe  for  the  reception  of  such  a  manual.  Of  its  uUiraalo 
success  wo  can  have  no  doubt :  the  result  can  only  be  a 
question  of  time. 


TESTIMONIALS   TO  ALLIBONE'S   BICTIONAKY   OF   AUTHORS. 


From  James  Walker,  LL.D.,  Preaident  of  Harvard  UniTersity. 
Harvard  Univasity,   . 

Camhridgcj  Jan.  3, 1S59. 

Pear  Sir: — I  have  turned  over  the  pages  of  your  Critical 
Dictionary  of  English  Literature  with  ever-increasing 
wonder  at  the  magnitude  and  completeness  of  the  work. 
The  multiplication  of  books  and  of  public  and  private 
libraries  in  this  country  has  created  a  demand,  I  had  al- 
most said  a  necessity,  for  precisely  such  a  guide  in  selecting 
the  best  authorities  on  every  subject  and  the  best  editions. 
To  clergymen  and  students,  and  to  all  collectors  of  books 
either  for  public  or  private  use,  it  will  prove  an  invaluable 
help,  preventing  a  multitude  of  mistakes,  and,  even  as  a 
matter  of  economy,  saving  twenty  times  as  much  money 
as  it  costs. 

I  remain,  dear  sir,  yours  very  respectfully, 

,S'.  Amtin  Allibone,  Esq.  JAMES  WALKEK. 


From  Charles  King,  LL.D.,  President  of  Columbia  College,  N.  Y. 
PresideiU's  Room,  Columbia  College, 

Kew  York,  Dec.  31,  1S58. 
3Ti/  dear  Sir: — On  this  last  day  of  the  year  I  fulfil  a 
purpose,  too  long  delayed,  of  acknowledging  the  first  volume 
of  your  admirable  "Critical  Dictionary." 

It  is  indeed  a  work  for  the  age,  and  for  all  that  speak  the 
English  tongucj  and  it  is  fashioned  to  endure  while  that 
tongue  shall. 

Its  minute  research,  its  remarkable  accuracy,  its  com- 
prehensive grasp,  and,  most  difficult  of  all,  its  rare  discri- 
mination in  the  selection  from  masses  of  accumulated  ma- 
terials, and  impartiality  of  judgment,  render  it  a  guide  at 
once  reliable  and  indispensable  to  all  who  for  any  i>urposo 
handle  books. 

It  is  my  earnest,  though  I  cannot  say  unselfish,  trust, 
that  "summer  and  winter,  seed-time  and  harvest,"  may 
still  return  to  you,  however  it  may  betide  with  others,  to 
the  completion  of  your  great  work,  honourable  at  once 
and  useful  to  your  country  and  to  your  race  as  well  as  to 
its  author. 

I  am,  dear  sir,  with  great  regard  and  esteem, 
Tour  obedient  servant, 
S.  Austin  AlUhone,  Esq.  CHAS.  KING. 


From  Prof.  C.  C  Felton,  of  Harvard  University. 

Cambridge,  Feb.  11,  1859. 

3Iy  dear  Sir: — I  have  used  your  Critical  Dictionary  of 
English  Literature  (vol.  i.)  constantly  since  it  was  re- 
ceived in  December  last.  During  this  time  I  have  had 
occasion  to  consult  many  of  the  leading  articles,  and  have 
read  a  considerable  portion  of  the  entire  work. 

I  am  astonished  at  the  extent,  minuteness,  and  accuracy 
of  the  iufurmation  you  have  embodied  in  it.  The  under- 
taking is  a  truly  gigantic  one,  and  it  has  been  carried  out 
thus  far  with  an  industry  and  conscientiousness  ail-but  un- 
paralleled. The  manner  in  which  you  have  condensed 
your  materials,  retaining  only  what  is  essential  to  a  full 
presentation  of  the  facts  and  opinions  pertinent  to  each 
subject,  is  admirable.  I  have  seldom  failed  to  find,  in  the 
several  articles  I  have  read,  every  particular,  however  mi- 
nute, which  I  desired  to  possess.  You  have  given  a  special 
value  and  importance  to  the  work  by  citing  the  opinions 
of  the  leading  literary  and  scientific  reviews,  and  by  your 
copious  references  to  other  authorities,  where  the  subject  is 
one  admitting  controversy  or  requiring  discussion. 

I  can  have  no  doubt  that  your  work  will  be  a  standard 

and  indispensable  book  of  reference  and  authority  wherever 

English  literature  is  studied,  as  it  certainly  is  a  monument 

of  the  ability,  industry,  and  judicial  fairness  of  the  author. 

With  great  respect, 

S.  Auatin  Allibone,  Esq.  C.  C.  FELTON. 


From  Theodore  D.  Woolsey,  D.D.,  LLJ),,  President  of  Yale  College. 
Tale  CoUege,  Feb.  7, 1859. 
Gentlemen: — Suffice  it  to  say  that  I  have  examined  the 
book  in  difierent  parts,  and  that  it  displays  herculean  la- 
bour, and,  so  far  as  I  can  discover,  as  much  accuracy  as  is 
attainable  in  such  an  undertaking.  I  think  Mr.  Allibono 
deserves  all  encouragement  and  high  praise  for  his  con- 
scientious labour. 

Your  obedient  servant, 

THEODORE  D.  WOOLSEY. 
CJiilda  d-  Peterson. 


From  Hem-y  T.  Tuckcrman,  Esq.,  the  Essayist. 

Kew  York,  Dec.  27, 1858. 
M}/  dear  Sir : — Accept  my  best  thanks  for  the  first  volume 
of  your  Dictionary  of  Authors.  It  fulfils  the  high  promise 
of  your  prospectus  and  specimen-sheets.  I  have  examined 
its  notices  of  those  authors  whose  history  and  writings  I 
have  had  occasion  to  study,  and  am  truly  astonished  at  the 
fulness  of  research,  the  accuracy  in  detail,  and  the  judi- 
cious critical  estimates  you  have  in  each  instance  exhibited. 
Not  less  noteworthy  is  the  care  and  jjatience  manifest 
throughout  in  rendering  justice  to  a  large  number  of  useful 
and  gifted  but  less  known  and  appreciated  writers.  I  am 
impressed  with  the  great  range  of  practical  advantage  de- 
rivable from  your  labours.  If  completed  as  it  is  begun, 
your  Dictionary  of  Authors  will  not  only  become  an  au- 
thority and  permanent  reference  in  bibliography  and  criti- 
cism, but  will  serve  a  great  educational  purpose;  for  it 
contains  all  the  requisite  suggestions  to  guide  the  judg- 
ment and  enlighten  the  taste  of  the  student  of  English 
Literature,  while  the  whole  chart  of  lettered  lore  in  our 
vernacular  is  completely  mapped  out,  the  best  critics  give 
their  views,  and  the  average  public  estimate  of  each  writer 
appears  side  by  side  with  the  names  of  his  publications 
and  the  facts  of  his  life.  In  the  hands  of  an  intelligent 
reader,  the  work  thus  subserves  the  objects  of  the  professor, 
supersedes,  in  a  measure,  the  lecture-room,  and  condenses 
the  scattered  information  otherwise  to  be  laboriously 
gleaned  from  a  whole  library  of  authorities.  Biography, 
criticism,  philosophy,  history,  aud  general  culture,  will  each 
and  all  obtain  new  light  and  impulse  from  so  copious,  au- 
thentic, and  available  a  key  to  that  world  of  knowledge, 
taste,  and  truth  embraced  in  the  literature  of  the  English 
tongue.  "With  renewed  thanks  and  best  wishes,  I  remain, 
my  dear  sir, 

Yours  truly  and  obliged, 

HENRY  T.  TUCKERMAN. 

S.  Austin  Allibone,  Esq. 


From  Dr.  Hodge,  Professor  of  Biblical  Literature,  &.C.,  Presbyterian 
Theological  Seminary,  Priuceton,  N.J. 

Princeton,  Jan.  5, 1859. 
Dear  Sir: — It  fills  me  with  wonder  that  any  one  man 
could  accomplish  a  task  involving  so  much  labour.  No 
one  can  estimate  the  full  value  of  your  work  who  is  not 
himself  acquainted  with  the  whole  field  covered  by  your 
researches,  or  who  has  not  had  time  to  test  its  worth  by 
long-continued  use.  I  can  therefore  only  say  that  it  im- 
presses me  with  the  highest  respect  for  the  learning,  labour, 
and  candour  which  it  exhibits  even  to  the  casual  readej 
of  its  pages.  I  have  no  doubt  that  it  will  prove  itself  to 
be  a  most  valuable  aid  to  every  student  of  English  or 
American  Literature. 

"With  great  respect, 

CHARLES  HODGE. 
S.  Austin  Allibone,  Esq. 


8 


TESTIMONIALS   TO   ALLIBONE'S   DICTIONARY   OF   AUTHORS. 


From  lion.  John  P.  Kennedy,  late  Secretary  of  the  Navy,  Author 
of  Ilorse-Shoe  Robinson,  ic. 

BalUviore,  Jaji.  31, 1859. 
Ift/  dear  Sir : — I  have  taken  such  leisure  as  I  could  com- 
mand to  look  over  "  AUibone's  Dictionary  of  Authors,"  and, 
although  I  had  occasion  to  admire  the  copious  and  accu- 
rate character  of  this  work  at  an  earlier  stage  of  its  publi- 
cation, I  am  still  more  struck,  as  it  proceeds,  with  the  evi- 
dence which  this  volume  affords  of  the  extraordinary  labour 
of  the  undertaking  and  the  successful  achievement  of  it. 
I  do  not  know  of  any  work  of  the  kind  in  our  literature 
which  may  be  compared  with  it  for  the  number  of  subjects 
brought  into  view,  and  the  amount  of  critical  analysis  with 
which  they  are  treated.  In  both  of  these,  the  author,  it 
strikes  me,  has  accomplished  his  task  with  singular  judg- 
ment and  discrimiaatiuu.  When  this  work  is  completed. 
it  cannot  fail  to  be  regarded  as  the  most  valualile  compend 
of  the  lives  and  labours  of  authors  in  tho  English  lan- 
guage which  has  yet  been  afforded  to  its  students  on  either 
side  of  the  Atlantic. 

Believe  me,  my  dear  sir,  yours  truly, 

JOHN  P.  KENNEDY. 
G.  W,  Chihh,  Esq. 


From  John  R.  Thompson,  Esq.,  Editor  of  the  Southern  Literary 
Messenger. 

Jiichmomi,  Feh.  3, 1859. 
3fi/  dear  Sir: — I  am  indebted  to  you  individually  for  a 
copy  of  the  first  volume  of  your  "Critical  Dictionary  of 
English  Literature,"  sent  me,  some  weeks  ago,  by  Messrs. 
Childs  &  Peterson,  but  I  am  under  still  heavier  obligations 
to  you,  as  an  editor  and  humble  member  of  the  literary 
class,  for  the  service  you  have  rendered  to  bibliography  in 
a  work  whose  value,  in  my  judgment,  can  hardly  be  over- 
estimated. I  beg,  therefore,  to  offer  you  my  sincere  thanks, 
personal  and  editorial;  and  I  may,  perhaps,  properly  add 
that  I  am  especially  grateful  for  the  general  accuracy  and 
completeness  of  your  notes  on  the  authors  of  the  Southern 
States  of  the  Union.  I  am  acquainted  with  no  other  work 
in  which  is  to  be  found  so  much  information  upon  Southern 
authorship. 

With  great  respect,  I  am 

Tours  very  truly, 

JNO.  E.  THOMPSON. 

S.  AnMin  Allihone,  Esq. 


From  Lieut.  Maury,  LL.D.,  Director  of  the  TT.S.  National  Observa- 
tory, Author  of  Qeoirrapiiy  of  the  Sea,  ic. 

National  Obscrvatort/y  Wasliington,  Dec.  27, 1858. 

M^  dear  Sir : — I  give  you  hearty  thanks  for  volume  first 
of  your  "Dictionary  of  English  Literature  and  Criti-sh  and 
American  Authors." 

This  volume  ends  with  the  letter  J.  and  gives  an  account 
of  upwards  of  seventeen  thousand  authors  living  and  dead. 
It  is  as  full  as  to  every  one  of  those  authors  and  their 
works  as  the  most  fastidious  could  desire  in  a  book  of  re- 
ference. It  evinces  a  vast  amount  of  laborious  research 
and  patient  industry  on  the  part  of  its  author.  No  amount 
of  labour  that  would  add  aught  to  accuracy  or  complete- 
ness has  been  spared,  and  I  know  of  no  work  of  its  kind 
in  any  language  that  is  equal  to  it. 

I  may  mention  that,  in  the  course  of  conversation  in  tho 

family  circle  every  evening  since  it  has  been  received,  we 

have  had  occasion  to  refer  to  it  continually:  so  it  lies  on 

the  centre-table  for  constant  reference.     I  recognise  it  as 

a  standard  authority,  and  congratulate  you  most  heartily 

as  the  author  of  it.  Respectfully,  &c., 

M.  F.  MAURY. 
8*  Austin  AlUhone,  Esq, 


From  Ilobley  Dunglison,  M.D.,  LL.D.,  for  more  than  twenty  years 
Professor  of  the  Institutes  and  Medicine,  &c.  in  the  Jefferson 
Medical  College,  Philadelphia,  Author  of  DungHaon's  Dictionary. 

1116  Girard  St.,  Jan.  12, 1859. 
Dear  Sir: — Owing  to  special  circumstances,  I  have  long 
ceased  to  express  an  opinion  on  works  when  an  application 
has  been  made  to  me  by  authors  and  publishers.  In  re- 
turning my  acknowledgments  to  you,  however,  for  the  copy 
you  have  so  kindly  sent  me  of  the  first  volume  of  your 
great  "Dictionary  of  Authors,"  I  cannot  refrain  from  con- 
gratulating you  on  having  so  far  accomplished  your  labo- 
rious and  successful  undertaking  as  to  enable  you  to  issue 
the  first  volume.  It  is  a  work  of  inappreciable  value  to 
those  who  are  desirous  of  knowing — and  who  is  there  that 
is  not? — what  has  been  done  by  such  as  have  laboured  in 
the  great  cause  of  literature.  By  literary  men  especially 
it  will  be  in  constant  reference  j  and  I  have  been  not  a  little 
gratified  to  discover  that  due  attention  has  been  paid  to 
most  of  those  who  have  contributed  to  any  e."5tent  to  the 
literature  of  medicine.  Hence  on  every  account  I  can  re- 
commend it  to  the  young  and  old  of  my  own  profession. 

Trusting   that   the   remainder   of  the  work    may  soon 
appear, 

I  am,  dear  sir,  truly  yours, 


ROBLEY  DUNGLISON. 


S.  Austin  Allibonc,  Esq. 


From  John  ^Y.  Francia,  M.D.j  LL.D.,  President  of  New  York  Medical 
Society,  ic. 

Xew  Torl-j  Dec.  27, 1S58. 

J/y  dear  Mr.  Chihh: — Your  great  Dictionary  of  English 
Literature  and  Authors  was  duly  received,  and  I  am  at  a 
loss  to  express  my  gratitude  fur  your  early  and  valuable 
gift.  I  have  devoted  many  hours  to  an  examination  of  the 
work,  and  am  prompted  by  the  cause  of  letters  and  true 
knowledge  to  afiirm  that  Mr.  Allibone  has  executed  an 
undertaking  of  the  deepest  interest  to  tho  student  of  wis- 
dom in  almost  every  department  of  human  research.  The 
work  must  be  recognised  as  having  no  predecessor  for  mi- 
nuteness of  detail,  for  extent  of  information,  and  the  judi- 
cious collocation  of  a  stupendous  mass  of  information  in 
the  several  departments  of  liberal  studies.  One  cannot  but 
marvel  at  individual  labour  and  its  results,  when  contem- 
plating the  fund  of  knowledge  this  Dictionary  contains. 
Antiquarian  research,  with  the  latest  results  of  modern  li- 
terature and  science,  are  here  to  be  found,  enriched  with  a 
judgment  critically  exact  in  exposition,  and  imparted  to 
the  reader  in  proportion  and  in  stylo  which  challenge  the 
approbation  of  refined  taste  and  liberal  sentiment.  The 
work  is  delightful  in  a  special  point  of  view:  its  spirit  ig 
honest;  it  is  unprejudiced  in  opinions;  it  is  catholic  in 
ethics  and  in  patriotism.  It  must  find  its  way  into  every 
library;  it  must  prove  a  conductor  f/encral  is  in  innumerable 
inquiries  instituted  even  by  the  most  erudite,  for  its  copious 
store  of  bibliography  and  details  on  subjects  of  special 
consideration. 

The  medical  department,  if  I  may  so  speak,  will  prove 
of  singular  interest  to  the  faculty  of  physic  and  to  medical 
students.  Mr.  Allibono  has  been  peculiarly  fortunate  in 
this  branch  of  science,  no  less  so  than  in  general  literature; 
and  what  will  prove  gratifying  to  the  American  scholar 
is  tho  ample  notice  of  so  many  of  tho  medical  and  chi- 
rurgical  art  now  embraced  in  his  enduring  work. 
With  every  consideration  and  esteem, 
I  am,  &c., 

JOHN  W.  FRANCIS. 

G.  W.  Childs,  Esq. 


TESTIMONIALS  TO  ALLIBONE'S   DICTIONARY   OF   AUTHORS. 


From  Walter  Chauning,  M.D. 

Boston,  Jan.  13, 1S59. 

Dear  Sir: — A  thousand  thanks,  and  more,  for  your  great, 
your  noble  work.  It  is  a  general  letter  of  introduction  to 
English  Literature.  I  uso  the  word  English  gcnerically, 
embracing  every  man,  woman,  and,  I  had  almost  said, 
child,  who  reads  English.  You  modestly  call  it  a  Diction- 
ary. It  is  one,  and  every  thing  pertaining  to  letters  beside. 
It  is  a  catalogue  raisonnic ;  for  it  not  only  tells  of  all 
English  authors,  but  of  tho  value  of  their  books,  so  far  as 
the  published  opinions  of  tho  best  judges  can  determine 
this.  It  is  thus  a  dictionary  to  be  read  as  well  as  con- 
sulted, and  is  at  the  samo  time  a  vast  library  in  itself. 
We  are  told  that  Wm.  King,  an  English  poet,  do.,  before 
ho  had  been  eight  years  in  college,  had  read  twenty-two 
thousand  volumes  and  manuscripts,  and  had  made  remarks 
upon  them.  In  ten  years  you  have  collected,  and  examined, 
and  given  to  us,  not  merely  names  and  titles  of  all  the 
authors  and  of  their  books  within  your  laborious  reach, 
but  thirty  thousand  biographies  ami  I itcrari/  notices  and  forti/ 
indexes  of  subjects.  A  lady  told  Dr.  Johnson  that  she  had 
read  his  dictionary  carefully,  and  had  not  found  a  single 
indecent  word  in  it.  ''Then,  madam,  you  looked  fur  them." 
Now,  let  any  gentleman  or  lady  examine  your  work  ever 
so  carefully  for  author  or  work  in  our  language,  and  I  will 
venture  to  say  that  ho  or  she  will  not  fail  to  find  what 
either  is  in  search  of,  and  with  the  least  possible  amount 
of  labour. 

Everybody  at  all  interested  in  English  literature  should, 
and  will,  get  your  book  of  Books,  and  will  heartily  thank 
you  for  its  vast  treasures. 

Do  pardon  me,  dear  sir,  for  making  this  large  demand 
on  your  patience  and  important  time.  I  sat  down  to  thank 
you,  and  to  offer  you  my  sincere  wishes  for  a  success  which 
so  surely  awaits  you, 

And  to  assure  you  that  I  am 

Truly  your  obliged  friend,  &c., 

WALTER  CHANNXNG. 

S.  Austin  Allihone,  Esq. 


From  lion.  Robert  C.  Winthrop,  of  Boston. 

Boston,  February  %  1S59. 
Gentlemen: — It  gives  me  pleasure  to  say  that  tho  first 
volume  of  Mr.  Allibone's  Dictionary  of  Authors  meets 
every  expectation  I  had  formed  of  it,  and  I  concur  entirely 
in  all  the  expressions  of  our  leading  literary  men  as  to  its 
value  and  importance  as  a  work  of  reference.  Tho  vast 
amount  of  curious  matter  which  it  contains  renders  it  a 
highly  interesting  as  well  as  useful  book,  and  gives  it  an 
attraction  which  does  not  commonly  attach  to  any  thing 
bearing  tho  name  of  Dictionary. 
Yours  respectfully, 

ROBT.  C.  WINTHROP. 

Childs  &  Peterson. 


From  Francis  TlVaylantJ,  DJ).,  late  President  of  Brown  Uiiiversity, 
Author  of  "Wayland's  Mora!  Science,  &c. 

Providence,  Jan.  15, 1859. 
Gentlemen : — I  have  devoted  some  time  to  an  examination 
of  Allibone's  Dictionary  of  Authors,  and  am  of  the  opinion 
that  it  deserves  a  place  in  every  well-selected  library.  As 
a  Dictionary  of  literary  biography  it  is  remarkably  com- 
prehensive; the  estimate  of  authors  and  their  works  is  exe- 
cuted with  great  fidelity,  and  tho  refere»ees  to  the  best 
sources  for  additional  information  are  of  the  highest  value. 
It  is  a  book  to  which  the  student  will  have  so  frequent  oc- 
casion to  refer,  that  he  will  always  desire  to  have  it  within 
reach  for  the  purpose  of  consultation. 
I  am,  gentlemen,  yours  truly, 

F.  WAYLAND. 
Childa  &  Peterson, 


From  W.  Gilmore  Simms,  Esq.,  of  South  Carolina,  Author  of 
Yomassee;  Guy  Rivers;  Tho  Partisan,  &c. 

Woodlands,  S.C,  Jan.  18, 1859. 

Gentlemen : — I  have  great  pleasure  in  expressing  my  ex- 
treme satisfaction  upon  the  examination  of  the  first  volume 
of  Mr.  Allibone's  Dictionary  of  English  Authors  and  Lite- 
rature. It  appears  to  me  that  he  has  been  eminently  suc- 
cessful in  carrying  out  a  plan  of  exceeding  difficulty. 
His  research  has  been  singularly  extensive,  and  as  com- 
plete and  accurate  as  is  possible  to  any  living  student.  I 
claim  to  have  a  considerable  intimacy  with  British  Litera- 
ture, ancient  as  well  as  modern  and  recent,  and  my  private 
collection  is  a  large  onej  yet  I  have  turned  to  numerous 
heads  in  Mr.  Allibone's  Dictionary  without  being  able  to 
discover  a  single  omission;  and  the  details,  where  given, 
are  as  singularly  full  and  copious.  As  English  necessarily 
includes  American  literature,  I  find  him  equally  thorough 
in  his  researches  and  full  in  his  details  in  regard  to  author- 
ship in  our  country.  Briefly,  his  is  a  work  of  immense 
labour  and  industry;  requiring  vast  resources  in  books; 
very  general  scholarship;  extensive  reading;  a  wonderful 
memory;  a  pains-taking  that,  note-book  in  hand,  sufiers 
not  an  item,  of  any  value  to  a  subject,  to  escape  record; 
and  a  critical  taste  and  judgment  which  knows  justly  upon 
what  feature  of  an  author  to  expatiate,  and  seldom  fails  to 
discriminate  those  which  aro  most  essential  to  the  forma- 
tion of  opinions.  It  is  especially  his  merit  that  ho  seems 
to  preside  impartially. 

It  is  usually  the  mistake,  if  not  the  offence,  of  those  who 
have  charge  of  works  of  this  class,  that  they  represent 
cliques,  clans,  sects,  parties,  and  but  too  frequently  suffer  a 
bias  from  association,  or  a  prejudice  of  party  or  taste,  to 
impart  a  tone  to  their  criticism,  whether  of  praise  or  blame, 
which  renders  their  judgments  unjust,  and  to  this  degree 
valueless.  This  has  been  quite  too  much  the  case  with  Ame- 
rican criticism.  Mr.  AlUbone  shows  none  of  this.  He  is, 
besides,  far  from  that  wretched  sectionality  which  is  but 
too  apt  to  show  itself  in  the  literary  compilations  of  this 
country.  I  have  been  at  some  pains  to  see  how  far  he 
accords  his  attention  to  the  writers  and  literary  authorities 
of  the  South,  and  it  is  with  pleasure  that  I  find  his  record 
making  a  fair  and  full  showing — as  full,  perhaps,  as  can 
be  made — of  what  has  been  done,  in  literary  respects, 
among  the  Southern  people.  Some  things,  no  doubt,  are 
omitted,  but  simply  for  the  reason  that  no  proper  record 
has  been  made  of  them  at  home;  and  no  stranger  could 
possibly  trace  out  tho  full  sources  of  information  among 
a  rural  people,  having  no  large  publishing  cities,  and  living 
so  [sparsely  in  such  immense  territory,  without  incurring 
such  a  degree  of  labour  and  expense  as  would  most  effec- 
tually discourage  such  an  enterprise.  Let  me  congratulate 
you,  gentlemen,  upon  the  success  of  your  editor  in  this 
very  comprehensive  compilation.  Nor  should  I  omit  to 
mention  that,  as  publishers,  you  have  done  your  part  of  the 
work  in  a  highly  creditable  manner.  In  typography,  paper, 
and  binding,  this  volume  is  worthy  of  a  place  in  any  library 
I  am,  gentlemen,  your  ob't  and  obliged  scrv't, 

Childs  tt  Peterson.  W.  GILMORE  SIMMS. 


From  Lord  Napier. 
H.B.M.'s  Legation,  Washington,  Jan.  15,  1859. 
^iV: — I  have  the  honour  to  acknowledge  the  receipt  of 
your  kind  letter  accompanying  tho  first  volume  of  your 
"Dictionary  of  British  and  American  Authors."     I  beg  to 
thank  you  for  the  mark  of  attention  of  which  you  have 
made  me  the  object,  and  I  highly  appreciate  the  value  of  a 
work  which  appears  to  be  much  more  full  and  more  accu- 
rate than  any  of  the  same  kind  which  have  preceded  it. 
I  am,  sir,  your  obedient  faithful  servant, 
S.  Austin  Allihone,  Esg.  NAPIER. 


10 


TESTIMONIALS   TO   ALLIBONE'S   DICTIONARY  OF   AaTHORS. 


From  Geo.  "W.  Bethuue,  D.D.,  of  the  Dutch  Reformed  Church, 
Brooklyn. 

I  am  not  worthy  to  give  an  opinion  of  Mr.  AlUbone's 
great  work,  the  first  volume  of  which  has  been  on  mj  table 
for  some  days.  Aft«r  closely  reading  a  number  of  the 
articles,  I  confess  myself  astonished  at  the  range  of  infor- 
mation and  accuracy  of  detail  displayed  throughout,  and 
equally  admire  the  soundness  of  the  criticisms  as  well  as 
ho  plan  on  which  the  notices  are  constructed. 

With  some  of  the  subjects  and  their  writings  my  pursuits 
have  made  me  familiar.  Of  these  I  am  more  competent 
to  judge,  and  may  fairly  consider  the  treatment  of  them 
as  proving  the  character  of  the  Dictionary.  I  have  in  no 
case  been  disappointed.  No  name  of  any  account  has 
been  omitted,  and  the  facts  are  as  fully  given  as  the  limits 
set  by  the  preface  would  allow. 

Mr.  AUibone  has  thus  far  exceeded  the  highest  expecta- 
tions of  bis  most  partial  friends.  He  has  their  unfeigned 
thanks  for  what  he  has  done  in  contributing  to  the  biblio- 
graphy of  the  world,  and  their  best  wishes  that  his  future 
success  may  equal  (it  can  scarcely  exceed)  his  present 
ti'iumph. 

GEO.  "W.  BETHUNE. 

BrooJdi/n,  Jan.  8, 1859. 


From  S.  Irenseus  Prime,  D.D.,  Editor  New  York  Observer. 
New  York,  Fch.  3,  1859. 
Gentlemen: — The  first  volume  of  your  great  Dictionary 
of  Authors  I  have  perused  with  astonishment  and  delight. 
It  is  just  what  I  have  long  desired  to  have,  and  have 
sought  for  in  vain.     Thousands  of   clergymen,  students, 
and  all  literary  and  intelligent  men,  must  wish  to  have  just 
this  work;  and  they  will  have  it,  when  they  learn  that  it 
is  in  the  world.     It  deserves  the  most  cordial  reception, 
and  I  trust  that  the  author  and  the  publishers  will  have 
the  largest  reward  for  their  enterprise  and  labour. 
Yours  truly, 

S.  IREN^US  PRIME. 
Chihls  ti-  Peterson. 


From  Fraucis  L.  Hawks,  LL.D.,  D.D.,  &c. 

New  York,  Feb.  2,  1859. 
Gentlemen: — The  book  is  of  that  class  of  works  which 
make  their  way  by  their  own  merits,  and  carries  with  it  its 
own  best  recommendation.  As  a  book  of  reference  it  is 
one  of  the  most  valuable  I  ever  saw,  displaying  as  it  does 
on  every  page  the  careful  and  conscientious  research  of 
the  author,  added  to  an  information  the  most  extensive, 
and  singular  impartiality  of  statement.  The  amount  of 
labour  bestowed  on  its  preparation  must  have  been  im- 
mense j  and  so  well  bestowed  has  it  been,  that  I  can  readily 
believe  the  work  is  destined  to  occupy  a  high  position  in 
the  department  of  letters  to  which  it  is  devoted. 
Very  respectfully,  gentlemen, 

Your  obedient  servant, 

FRANCIS  L.  HAWKS. 
Childa  <t  Peterson. 


From  Hon.  Horace  Mann,  LL.D.,  President  of  Antioch  College. 
Antioch  College,  Ydlow  Springs,  March  21,  1869. 

That  it  bears  evidence  of  wonderful  labour  and  research 
no  one  can  doubt.  That  it  is  characterized  by  candor  and 
impartiality,  also,  is  patent, — conspicuous  even.  And,  so  far 
as  I  am  able  to  judge,  it  seems  to  possess  the  grand  historic 
qualities  of  Justice  and  Truth.  It  seems  to  me,  therefore, 
to  be  an  almost  indispensable  work  ju  a  public  or  a  private 
library;  and,  as  a  hook  of  reference  in  colleges,  academies, 
and  schools,  it  must  be  invaluable. 

Its  author  deserves  reward  both  in  money  and  fame:  he 
should  be  compensated  while  he  lives,  and  be  largely  re- 
membered in  all  the  biographies  of  literary  men  after  he 
is  dead.  With  best  regards,  yours  very  truly, 

S.  Austin  AlUhone,  Fsq,  HORACE  MANN. 


From  Rev.  Henry  "Ward  Becchcr,  of  Plymouth  Church,  Brooklyn. 

BrooUyn,  Jan.  26,  1859- 
Gentlemen : — I  received  the  copy  of  Alliboue's  Dictionary 
of  Authors,  and,  though  I  have  not  had  time  to  give  it  a 
searching  examination,  I  have  consulted  it  sufficiently  to 
give  me  a  very  high  opinion  of  its  merits.  Although  I 
have  several  Biographical  Collections,  including  Rose's, 
I  regard  this  as  the  best  of  them  all,  and  in  all  respects 
I  prefer  it  to  any  that  I  am  acquainted  with.  When  it 
shall  be  completed,  I  shall  be  disappointed  if  it  be  not  found 
the  very  best  work  ever  compiled. 
I  am  very  truly  yours, 

H.  W.  BEECHER. 

Childs  d:  Peterson. 


From  N,  V.  Willis,  Esq. 

Idlewild,  Jan.  29, 1859. 

3fi/  char  Sir : — With  better  knowledge  of  your  book  from 
repeated  feasts  upon  it,  I  am  ashamed  to  have  written  you 
so  commonplace  an  acknowledgment  of  its  first  receipt. 
Of  all  the  storehouses  of  interesting  and  readable  mattfir, 
the  "Dictionary  of  Authors"  seems  to  me  the  most  capti- 
vating. The  good  taste,  industry,  and  skill  of  arrange- 
ment therein  manifested  could  not  be  surpassed,  and  it 
will  make  for  you  a  reputation  very  enviable.  I  shall  try 
to  make  amends  in  print  for  my  apparently  inappreciativo 
first  acknowledgment  of  the  acquisition. 

With  many  sincere  thanks  for  the  prize  I  have  in  the 
book,  I  remain,  my  dear  sir,  yours  faithfully, 

S.  Austin  Allihoue,  Esq.  N.  P.  WILLIS. 


From  the  Rt.  Rev.  Francis  Patrick  Kenrick,  Archbishop  of 
Baltimore,  kc. 

Baltimore,  Dec.  23, 1858. 
Dear  Sir: — I  return  you  many  thanks  for  the  beautiful 
present  of  your  magnificent  work, ''Dictionary  of  Authors," 
of  which  the  first  volume  has  reached  me.  It  is  a  work 
of  immense  research,  and  compiled  with  great  judgment. 
In  perusing  several  of  its  articles,  I  felt  satisfied  that  justice 
towards  all  was  aimed  at,  and,  although  the  judgments  of 
men  vary  as  to  the  merits  of  authors,  I  see  no  evidence  of 
wilful  injustice  or  bias.  I  allude  of  course  to  the  articles 
regarding  Catholic  writers  or  their  opponents.  Wishing 
you  great  success  in  your  literary  labours, 
I  remain,  dear  sir. 

Your  obliged  friend  and  servant, 

t  FRANCIS  PATRICK  KENRICK. 
S.  Austin  AUibone,  Esq,  A.  C 


From  Dr.  Pprague,  Author  of  the  Annals  of  the  American 
Pulpit,  &.C. 

Albany,  Dec.  27, 1858. 
Mij  dear  Sir: — In  acknowledging  the  first  volume  of 
your  great  work,  I  wish  to  speak  first  of  the  impression 
it  has  made  upon  me,  after  the  examination  which  I  have 
been  able  to  give  to  it  in  two  or  three  days;  for  though  it 
found  me,  as  usual,  overwhelmed  with  engagements,  it  has 
so  enchained  me  that  I  have  been  obliged  to  leave  other 
matters  in  a  great  measure  to  take  care  of  themselves.  I 
have  no  hesitation  in  pronouncing  it  one  of  the  most  re- 
markable books  of  the  age,  or  I  may  say  of  any  age.  I 
know  not  whether  to  admire  most  its  extent,  its  discrimi- 
nation, or  its  accuracy.  It  will  make  you  the  benefactor 
of  all  ages  and  all  countries.  You  have  great  reason  to 
bless  Providence  for  having  directed  your  thoughts  in  such 
a  channel. 

Believe  mc,  my  dear  sir, 

Ever  gratefully  and  faithfully  yours, 
.S'.  Austin  Allibonc,  Esq.  "W.   B.   SPRAGITE. 


TESTIMONIALS   TO   ALLIBONE'S   DICTIONARY  OF  AUTHORS. 


11 


From  Hon.  Uenry  D.  Gilpin,  late  Attorney-General  of  United  States. 
JVo.  300  SouVl  Eleventh  Street, 
Philadelphia,  January  14, 1859. 

J)ear  Sir: — Messrs.  ChilJs  &  Pctersou  sent  me,  the  even- 
ing before  last,  the  first  volume  of  your  Dictionary,  and  I 
have  spent  a  large  portion  of  my  leisure,  since  then,  in  look- 
ing through  and  reading  many  of  the  articles.  I  cannot 
delay  to  express  to  you  my  thanks  for  this  remarkable  ad- 
dition to  our  literature,  which  is  a  monument  erected  for 
yourself  as  a  lover  and  cultivator  of  letters  which  will  long 
endure.  I  am  quite  astonished  at  the  extent  of  your  re- 
searches and  the  copiousness  of  your  information.  The  bio- 
graphical incidents,  connected  with  the  authors,  are  in  them- 
selves of  great  value,  supplying,  in  important  points  and  in 
very  numerous  instances,  facts  that  compilations  expressly 
devoted  to  biography  do  not  furnish.  The  references  to  more 
full  critical  views  of  their  works  than  your  space  would 
permit,  and  than  would,  indeed,  be  desirable,  give  us  a  key 
to  unlock  all  the  treasures  of  criticism.  The  spirit  of  can- 
dor that  dictates  your  own  remarks, — even  in  instances 
whereyou  exhibit  your  own  preferences, — and  the  selections 
of  judgments  from  various  authorities  ofteu  viewing  the 
subjects  in  different  lights,  aid  justness  and  impartiality 
where  our  opinions  are  yet  to  be  formed,  and  teach  us  to 
review  such  as  wo  have  made.  I  place  your  volume  on 
my  shelf  with  the  certainty  that  it  will  be  one  constantly 
referred  to,  and  always  with  satisfaction  and  profit. 
Very  respectfully  yours, 

HENRY  D.  GILPIN. 

S.  Austin  AlUbone,  Esq. 


From  R.  Sbelton  Mackenzie,  D.C.L.,  Editor  of  Nocteg  Anibrosianae. 
Philadelphia,  Jan.  11,  lSo9. 

Ml/  dear  Sir: — Thanking  you  most  cordially  for  the  first 
volume  of  your  rnar/nuni  opus,  I  have  to  say  that  I  have 
examined  it  carefully  and  critically,  and  am  astonished  at 
the  research  it  exhibits,  and  the  great — almost  wonderful — 
accuracy  which  pervades  its  every  article. 

Many  years  ago  I  commenced  the  collection  of  materials 
for  such  a  work,  devoted  to  living  authors  alone,  but,  after 
much  trouble  and  extensive  correspondence,  had  the  con- 
clusion unwillingly  forced  upon  me  that  it  was  a  work  for 
many  persons,  and  not  for  a  single  mind  and  one  pair  of 
hands.  However,  you  have  done  all  that  my  ambition 
aimed  at,  and  doubled  the  work,  and  its  value,  by  including 
dead  as  well  as  living  writers. 

Every  man  who  writes,  and  all  who  reaJ,  must  feel  the 
advantage  of  having  your  Dictionary  at  hand.  It  is  full, 
but  it  also  has  the  great  merit  of  being  wholly  reliable. 
I  look  fur  the  concluding  volume  with  great  expectation 
but  no  anxiety.  Your  performance  in  vol.  i.  gives  ample 
promise  of  equal  success  in  what  is  to  follow.  No  man 
of  letters,  single-handed,  has  ever  done  any  thing  even 
one-half  so  good  as  this. 

Your  assured  frien*!, 

R.  SHELTON  MACKENZIE. 

S.  Austin  AUibonc,  Esq. 


From  Cbauncey  A.  Goodrich,  D.D.,  Prof,  of  the  Pastoral  Charge, 
Yftle  College,  Editor  of  Webster's  Quarto  Dictionary,  kc. 

Tale  Chlh'ge,  Jan.  28,  1859. 
Gentlemen: — I  have  examined  with  lively  interest  the 
first  volume  of  Mr.  Allibone's  Dictionary  of  Authors,  and 
have  been  more  and  more  struck,  as  I  advqinced,  with  the 
comprehensiveness  of  the  plan  and  tho  vast  amount  of 
labour  bestowed  upon  its  execution.  It  cannot  fail  to  be 
one  of  the  most  valuable  works  of  the  kind  in  any  lan- 
guage, and  richly  deserves  the  approbation  and  patronage 
of  every  scholar. 

CHATJNCEY  A.  GOODRICH. 
Childa  d'  Peterson, 


From  George  B.  Cheever,  D.B.,  Pastor  of  the  Church  of  the  Puri- 
tans, Now  York. 

New  York,  Feb.  8,  1859.  ' 
Gentlemen: — The  first  volume  of  Allibone's  Dictionary 
of  Authors  seems  to  me  a  wonderful  example  and  result 
of  industry  and  accurate  research.  The  judicious  selection 
of  brief  extracts  from  contemporary  and  other  critics,  cha- 
racterizing the  works  of  many  of  tho  authors  named,  is  an 
element  of  value  in  this  great  undertaking  adding  to  tho 
variety  and  interest  of  the  volume,  historical,  biographical, 
and  critical.  The  work  in  my  judgment  is  of  very  great 
value  and  importance. 

Respectfully  and  truly,  <kc., 

GEORGE  B.  CHEEVER. 
Childs  t£-  Peterson. 


From  Edward  Robinson,  D.D.,  President  Union  Theological  Semi- 
nary, Author  of  Biblical  Kosearches  in  Palestiue,  &c. 
Union  Theological  Semijia^y, 

Neio  York,  Jan.  28, 1859. 
Gentlemen : — Please  accept  my  thanks  for  the  first  volume 
of  Mr.  MWhoiiG's  Dictionary  of  Authors,  transmitted  by  you. 
Though  not  in  the  habit  of  giving  my  name  to  the  public 
in  such  cases,  yet  of  this  volume  I  can  truly  say  that  it 
is  a  work  of  very  great  labour,  and  promises  to  bo  emi- 
nently useful  as  a  book  of  daily  reference. 
Yours  respectfully, 

E.  ROBINSON. 

Childa  d;  Peterson. 


From  Richard  Henry  Dana,  Esq.,  the  Poet. 

Boston,  Jan.  12, 1859.    " 
Dear  Sir: — The  thoroughness  and  ability  of  the  work 
are  highly  spoken  of  by  good  judges  here, — with  whom  I 
fully  agree  so  far  as  I  am  entitled  to  form  an  opinion. 

Tho  book  is  very  neatly  got  out,  and  so  clear  ie  the  typo 
that  at  seventy-one  years  of  age  I  have  been  able  to  road 
your  smallest  print  by  gaslight  without  glasses. 
Wishing  all  success  to  your  labours, 

I  am,  dear  sir,  sincerely  yours, 

RICHD.  H.  DANA. 
S.  Austin  Allibone,  Esq. 


From  Dr.  Strickland,  of  the  Jlethodist  Episcopal  Cliurch. 
Mdhodist  Book  Booms, 
200  Mulberry  St.,  New  York,  Dec.  29. 1S58. 
Dear  Sir: — Allow  me  to  return  my  most  grateful  thanks 
for  the  first  volume  of  your  invaluable  work  on  English 
literature.     Your  biographical   sketches  of  English   and 
American  Authors  are  correct  and  impartial,  such  as,  1 
regret  to  say,  cannot  be  found  in  any  work  from  Watt's 
Bibliotheca  Britaunica   down   to   the   last    bibliographi- 
cal   dictionary.       The    "Critical    Dictionary    of    English 
Literature"  I  regard  as  the  most  valuable  and  interesting 
book  of  the  age,  and  as  indispensable  to  every  public  and 
private  library.  Most  truly  yours, 

W.  P.  STRICKXAND. 
S.  Austin  AUibonc,  Esq. 


From  Theophilus  Parsons,  LL.D.,  Prof,  of  Law  in  Harvard  University. 

Camhridfje,  Jan.  5,  1S59. 

Dear  Sir: — I  have  had  the  first  volume  of  your  Dic- 
tionary for  some  days,  and  have  satisfied  myself  that  your 
plan  is  excellent,  and  that  you  have  carried  it  out  with  very 
great  industry  and  with  good  judgment.  The  fulness  and 
accuracy  of  its  information  concerning  modern  authors 
and  their  works  arc  indeed  remarkable.  To  any  one  who 
desires  the  knowledge  your  book  purports  to  give, — and 
what  educated  man  does  not  ? — it  must  be  of  great  interest 
and  value.  Respectfully,  &c., 

THEOPHILUS  PARSONS. 

S.  Austin  Allibone,  Esq. 


12 


TESTIMONIALS   TO   ALLIBONE'S   DICTIONARY   OF  AUTHORS. 


From  J.  P.  Durbin,  D.D.,  of  the  Motbodist  Episcopal  Cburch, 
Author  of  Travels  m  Europe,  the  East,  &c. 

Acw  Tork,  Feb.  12,  1859. 
Oentlcmm : — I  hare  carefully  examined  the  first  volume 
of  Mr.  S.  A.  Allibone's  "Critical  Dictionary  of  English 
Literature,  and  of  British  and  American  Authors,  Living 
and  Dead,"  which  you  have  been  pleased  to  send  me.  It 
not  only  gives  the  original  sources  of  information,  hut  also 
a  list  of  the  works  of  each  writer,  and  tho  well-weighed 
and  critical  opinion  of  the  author  of  the  Dictionary  touch- 
ing the  contents  and  merits  of  their  works.  A  brief  his- 
tory of  each  author's  life  is  given,  in  connection  with  his 
literary  work,  where  information  is  accessible. 

As  a  book  of  reference  for  reliable  information  in  regard 
to  British  and  American  Authors  and  Literature,  it  is  in- 
valuable, and  no  student,  or  scholar,  or  professional  man, 
ought  on  any  account  to  be  without  it.  It  is  executed  in 
an  impartial  and  able  manner,  both  as  it  regards  classes 
of  men  and  estimates  of  individual  authors.  It  is  a  library 
itself  within  its  particular  department  of  literature,  and  is 
necessary  to  the  library  of  every  intelligent  citizen.  There 
is  no  book  in  the  English  language  which  eaa  supply  its 
place. 

Wishing  Mr.  Allibone  and  yourselves  tho  same  success 
in  preparing  and  issuing  the  remainder  of  tho  work  as  has 
attended  the  first  volume, 

I  remain,  gentlemen,  yours  truly, 

„,     ,    ,  J-  P-  DUKBIN. 

Ckitaa  &  Peterson. 


From  Jos.  P.  Thompson,  D.D.,  of  the  Broadw.xy  T.abem.acle. 
Mw  Tm-lc,  Fei.  10,  1859. 

Bear  Sir: — I  have  repeatedly  consulted  the  work,  and 
am  highly  gratified  with  the  copiousness  and  variety  of  its 
informatioh  concerning  literature  and  literary  men.  I 
have  tested  its  accuracy  upon  names  and  topics  with  which 
I  am  familiar,  and  am  happy  to  bear  testimony  to  the 
carefulness  and  fidelity  of  your  labours.  It  is  to  he  ex- 
pected that  in  such  a  work  one  should  detect  occasional 
omissions  or  inaccuracies;  but  so  few  are  there  in  compa- 
rison with  the  extent  of  topics  and  persons  embraced  in 
the  Dictionary,  that  every  student  must  prize  it  as  a  reliable 
book  of  reference.  Indeed,  I  already  feel  that  I  would  ou 
no  account  dispense  with  it. 

The  biographical  sketches,  though  necessarily  brief,  are 
complete  for  their  purpose,  and  the  critical  notices  are 
candid  and  impartial.  I  congratulate  you  upon  tho  suc- 
cessful achievement  of  a  task  which  few  would  have  had 
the  courage  to  attempt  or  tho  ability  to  accomplish. 
I  am,  sir,  with  high  respect,  yours  truly, 

JOS.  P.  THOMPSON. 

S.  Austin  AUihone,  Esq. 


From  Oulian  C.  Vcrplanck.  LL.D.,  Regent  of  tho  University  of  the 
State  of  New  York,  EJitor  of  tho  Illustrated  Shalcspearo,  4c. 
New  Tork,  Jan.  5,  1S59. 
Dear  Sir:— I  have  found  tho  work  all  that  the  high  at- 
testations to  its  merits  from  our  most  eminent  writers  led 
me  to  expect.     It  seems  to  me  to  be  as  perfect  as  it  is  pos- 
Biblo  for  any  individual  to  make  it.     It  is  a  work  of  the 
greatest  utility  and  of  admirable  research,  learning,  and 
accuracy.     I  cannot  but  add  that  the  articles  of  higher 
criticism  (as  on  Johnson,  Gibbon,  ic.)  are  excellent  alike 
on  their  moral  and  critical  judgments. 

I  trust  that  tho  success  of  the  publication  will  be  equal 
to  its  merits,  and  it  will  give  me  great  pleasure  if  I  can  in 
any  way  contribute  to  aid  you  in  tho  remainder  of  your 
labour.  I  am  yours  truly, 

^  .     ■    .„..        r,      G'JI'IAN  C.  VERPLANCK. 
/&.  Austin  Allibone,  Esq. 


From  Fitz-Greene  Halleck,  the  Poet. 

Guilford,  Conn.,  Feb.  6,  1S59. 
Gentlemen: — I  cannot  look  upon  the  book  merely  as 
upon  others  of  similar  titles.  Admirable  as  it  is  as  a  book 
of  reference,  treasure  as  it  is  to  every  librarian,  library  as 
it  is  in  itself,  inestimable  in  its  usefulness  to  the  learned 
world  of  present  and  future  writers  and  compilers,  I,  one 
of  the  unlearned,  am  reading  it  page  by  page  for  the  plea- 
sure it  gives  me,  and  for  possessing,  as  it  does,  not  only 
the  charm  of  novelty  in  its  design  and  execution,  but  iu 
its  narrative  and  dramatic  interest  all  the  charm  of  a  novel. 
I  attribute  these  peculiar  charms  to  one  peculiarly  original 
feature  of  Mr.  Allibone's  plan.  Since  the  commencement 
of  the  present  century,  the  best  writers  in  our  language 
have  devoted  their  best  thoughts  and  impressions  to  the 
periodical  criticism  of  their  time,  embracing  their  views 
of  past  and  present  authors.  Of  the  best  specimens  of 
these  criticisms  Mr.  Allibone  has  skilfully  availed  himself, 
and  by  blending  their  various  excellencies  of  thought  and 
style  with  his  own,  and  judiciously  and  impartially  con- 
trasting their  conflicting  opinions — the  opinions  of  our 
ablest  and  highest  cultivated  minds — with  each  other,  has 
not  only  enriched  us  with  an  embodiment  of  our  most 
beautiful  and  most  valuable  recent  literature,  but  has  so 
gracefully  interwoven  it  with  the  lives  and  characters  of 
the  several  subjects  of  his  biographies  as  to  make  them, 
taken  all  together,  as  Dr.  Johnson  said  of  Goldsmith's 
projected  Natural  History,  "as  entertaining  as  a  fairy- 
tale." 

Congratulating  you  upon  the  possession  of  a  book  of 
such  magnitude  and  importance,  so  creditable  to  your 
character  for  enterprise  and  sagacity,  and  so  certain  of 
proving  a  permanent  and  profitable  investment  of  your 
capital, 

I  remain,  gentlemen,  truly  yours, 

FITZ-GEEENE  HALLECK. 

Chillis  (t  Peterson. 


From  Dr.  Barnard,  tbo  eminent  writer  on  Education,  and  Editor 
of  Barn.ard's  American  Journal  of  Education,  &c. 

Hartford,  Omn.,  Dec.  30, 1858. 
Dear  Sir: — I  have  examined  with  great  satisfaction  the 
first  volume  of  your  Critical  Dictionary  of  English  Litera- 
ture, especially  tho  English  and  American  Authors  in  my 
own  special  range  of  research  and  reference.  I  have  nothing 
among  my  books  of  reference  so  comprehensive  .and  accu- 
rate,— so  well  calculated  to  answer  immediate  conversa- 
tional and  reading  purposes,  or  to  open  up  the  sources  of 
extended  and  exhaustive  research  in  the  department  of 
literary  biography  and  bibliography.  It  deserves  a  place 
in  every  library, — individual  or  public,  of  circulation  or 
reference.  Your  obedient, 

HENHY  BARNARD. 

S.  Austin  Allibone,  Esq. 


From  John  Q.  Whitticr,  the  Poet. 

Amesburi/,  2fl,  1st  month,  1859. 
Bear  Friend: — I  have  ex.amined  with  great  satisfaction 
thy  Dictionary  of  English  Literature.  As  a  work  of  re- 
ference it  will  be  invaluable.  It  places  before  the  reader 
a  vast  amount  of  biographical  and  literary  information, 
giving  not  only  an  account  of  the  authors  themselves  and 
their  publications,  but  the  critical  comments  of  the  best 
judges  upon  them.  Tho  amount  of  labour  and  research 
bestowed  upon  the  work  surprises  me.  If  completed  as 
begun,  it  will  be  a  most  valuable  addition  to  our  literature, 
and  entitle  the  author  to  the  thanks  of  all  who  love  books. 
Very  truly  thy  friend. 

JOHN  G.  WHITTIEE. 

S.  Austin  Allibone,  Esq. 


TESTIMONIALS   TO   ALLIBONE'S   DICTIONARY   OF  AUTHORS. 


13 


From  Judgo  James  null,  of  Cincinnati,  Author  of  Legends  of  the 
West,  &c. 

Cincinnati,  Jan.  31, 1S59. 

Gentlemen: — I  have  examined  the  first  volume  of  Alli- 
bone's  Dictinuary  of  Authors  with  care,  and  with  an  inte- 
rest awakened  by  the  novelty  and  comprehensiveness  of 
its  plan.  The  work  is  evidently,  as  the  author  describes 
it,  "the  fruit  of  many  years  of  anxious  research  and  con- 
scientious toil,''  and  is  as  remarkable  for  the  variety  as  for 
the  vast  amount  of  the  information  contained  in  it.  I 
consider  it  a  production  of  rare  excellence,  which  fills  a 
vacant  place  in  our  literature.  It  is  not  only  a  Dictionary 
of  Authors,  but  also  a  history  of  authorship.  It  covers 
the  whole  field  of  English  Literature  and  Science,  em- 
bracing a  larger  number  of  names  of  authors  than  any  simi- 
lar work.  The  criticisms  are  brief,  but  satisfactory,  and 
for  the  most  part  conclusive. 

The  feature  which  most  clearly  distinguishes  this  work 
from  others  of  similar  purport,  is  that  it  is  bibliographical 
as  well  as  biographical.  It  describes,  classes,  and  cata- 
logues books,  as  well  as  the  writers  of  books.  It  contains 
elaborate  indexes  of  books  and  of  subjects,  so  that  not 
only  may  the  name  of  any  given  writer  be  found,  with  the 
outlines  of  his  career  and  character,  but  a  book  may  be 
searched  out  under  its  title,  or  under  the  subject  of  which 
it  treats.  Those  indexes  direct  the  inquirer  to  all  the  books 
which  have  been  written  on  the  subject  of  his  inquiry,  and 
inform  him  of  their  relative  merits.  It  is  such  a  work  as 
would  be  desirable  to  every  student  and  man  of  letters; 
but  to  librarians,  to  persons  having  or  designing  to  collect 
libraries,  to  booksellers,  to  principals  of  the  higher  schools, 
to  all  to  whom  books  and  literature  form  a  subject  of  pri- 
mary interest,  it  will  be  indispensable. 

I  will  only  add,  that,  so  far  as  I  can  judge  from  one 
volume,  American  literature  has  received  an  impartial 
share  of  Mr.  AUibone's  attention.  That  of  the  West,  I  feel 
satisfied,  has  had  full  justice  done  to  it. 

Very  truly  yours,  JAMES  HALL. 

Chillis  &  Peterson. 


From  Dr.  Cogswell,  Librarian  of  the  Astor  Library. 

New  VorK;  Jan.  3,  1859. 
Dear  .?(>-■ — I  received  your  first  volume  on  the  30th 
ultimo,  and  would  have  immediately  acknowledged  your 
great  kindness  in  honouring  me  with  a  presentation-copy, 
but  I  wanted  first  to  have  an  opportunity  of  looking  at 
various  articles,  that  I  might  say  a  word  of  the  work.  From 
this  hasty  and  imperfect  examination,  it  appears  to  me  to 
be  entitled  to  very  high  praise.  I  came  upon  no  article 
that  was  not  just  and  discriminating,  and  could  not  but 
wonder  that  you  should  have  been  able  to  devote  the  time 
to  it  which  it  manifestly  required. 

Yours  trul3',  JOS.  G.  COGSWELL. 

S.  Atistin  Allil'One,  Esq. 


From  Prof.  Charles  D.  Cleveland,  Author  of  Compendium  of 
English  Literature,  ic. 

Phila.,  903  Clinton  St.,  Jan.  27,  1859. 

Gentlemen: — Since  I  received  my  copy  of  AUibone's  Dic- 
tionary of  Authors,  I  have  had  occasion  to  consult  it  very 
many  times,  and  always  to  my  satisfaction.  To  praise  it 
would  be  superfluous:  its  great  value  must  be  patent  to 
every  one  who  merely  glances  at  its  pages.  Indeed,  it  is 
an  absolute  necessity,  not  only  to  every  man  of  letters, 
but  to  every  family  circle  where  literature  is  in  the  least 
degree  cultivated. 

Wishing  you  every  success  which  your  enterprising 
Bpirit  nobly  deserves, 

I  am  yours  very  truly,  CHAS.  D.  CLEVELAND. 

Childa  (£•  Peterson. 


From  lion.  Roger  B.  Taney,  Chief-.Tustice  of  the  Supreme  Court 
of  the  United  States. 

Washington,  Feb.  12,  1859. 
Dear  Sir: — I  am  sorry  to  have  so  long  delayed  acknow- 
ledging your  kindness  in  sending  mc  the  first  volume  of 
your   Dictionary  of  English  Literature.     My  apology  is, 
pressing  official  duties,  with  infirm  health. 

I  have,  however,  found  time  to  look  into  it  sufficiently 
to  form  an  opinion  of  its  value;  and  that  opinion  is  a  very 
favourable  one.  My  examination,  for  want  of  more  time, 
has  been  confined  chiefly  to  eminent  English  writers  of 
past  ages  on  English  law.  And  I  find  the  prominent 
events  of  their  lives  briefly  stated,  together  with  a  correct 
list  of  their  works,  (as  far  as  I  can  judge,)  and  the  criti- 
cisms upon  them  by  other  eminent  authors,  whether  fa- 
vourable or  unfavourable,  fairly  given. 

Your  plan  appears  to  me  to  bo  new,  and  a  happy  one; 
and  as  a  book  of  reference  your  work  will  be  found  valu- 
able in  any  library. 

With  great  respect, 

I  am,  dear  sir,  your  obedient  servant, 

E.  B.  TANEY. 
S.  Austin  AUihone,  Esq, 


From  Benson  J.  Lossing,  author  of  Pictorial  Field-Book  of  the 
Revolution,  kc. 
Poitghkeepsie,  N.  T,,  January  13, 1859. 

3fi/  dear  S!ir : — I  received  the  first  volume  of  your  Dic- 
tionary of  English  and  American  Authors  just  as  I  was 
starting  for  Lake  CLiamplain.  I  have  employed  every 
spare  moment  since  my  return  in  a  general  and  special 
examination  of  it,  and  I  thank  you  most  heartily  for  the 
delight  and  instruction  it  has  given  me. 

From  specimen-sheets  I  had  formed  a  most  favourable 
opinion  of  the  work ;  but  I  had  no  just  conception  of  its 
scope  and  completeness.  The  care,  industry,  patience, 
perseverance,  candour,  judgment  discrimination,  and  inde- 
pendence of  spirit,  which  mark  every  page,  give  it  a  charm 
for  the  student  such  as  truth  in  all  its  simple  beauty  never 
fails  to  bestow.  A  profound  reverence  for  facts,  an  earnest 
desire  to  be  fair,  a  sincere  wish  to  be  honest,  and  an  open- 
hearted,  open-handed  exhibition  of  each  author's  works, 
so  that  they  may  be  seen  in  the  various  lights  in  which 
critics  have  discovered  their  faults  and  their  excellencies, 
are  everywhere  discernible,  and  give  a  value  to  the  book 
that  commands  high  appreciation  and  prophesies  of  ho- 
nourable companiouship  with  the  best  literary  productions 
of  the  age.  It  will  become  indispensable  to  all  who  feel 
a  desire  for  general  knowledge  concerning  what  has  been 
accomplished  in  the  wide  field  of  British  and  American 
Literature,  for  it  will  fill  a  void  long  felt  and  lamented. 

I  have  examined  the  work  also  with  especial  reference 
to  its  value  to  the  inquirer  after  the  best  sources  of  infor- 
mation on  the  subject  of  American  history,  and  find  it 
most  perfect  in  that  particular  thus  far.  When  the  work 
shall  be  completed  in  the  same  full  and  comprehensive 
manner  exhibited  by  this  first  volume,  it  will  readily 
answer  every  reasonable  inquiry  upon  that  subject.  In  a 
word,  my  dear  sir,  the  general  student,  the  scholar,  the 
author,  all  have  reason  to  thank  you  for  the  preparation 
of  this  work;  and  I  trust  it  will  find  its  way,  freighted 
with  its  rich  treasures  of  fact  and  thought,  wherever  there 
is  a  soul  craving  such  food  as  it  may  distribute. 
Yours  very  truly, 

BENSON  J.  LOSSING. 

S.  Austin  Allihon€j  Esq. 


Mk 


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A 


CRITICAL 


DICTiOIMY  OF  EIGlli  limATllRE, 


AKD 


BEITISH  AND  AMEEICAN  AUTHOHS, 

Jibing  Jinb  gurasti), 

FKOM    THE    EARLIEST    ACCOUNTS 

TO  THE  MIDDLE  OF  THE  NINETEENTH  CENTURY. 

CONTAINING 

THIRTY  THOUSAND  BIOGRAPHIES  AND  LITERARY  NOTICES, 
WITH  FORTY  INDEXES  OF  SUBJECTS. 

BY 

S.  AUSTIN  ALLIBONE. 


*TEE  CriEF  GLORY  OF  EVERT  PEOPLE  ARISES  FROM  ITS  AUTHORSr—DB.  JOHXSON. 


VOL.  I. 


PHILADELPHIA: 

CHILDS  &  PETEKSON,  602  ARCH  STREET. 

1859. 


Entered,  according  to  an  act  of  Congress,  in  tlie  year  1854,  by 

S.  AUSTIN  ALLIBONE, 

in  the  clerk's  office  of  the  District  Court  of  the  United  States,  in  and  for  the  Eastern  District 

of  Pennsylvania. 


Entered  according  to  act  of  Congress,  in  the  year  1858,  by 

GEORGE  W.  CHILDS, 

in  the  clerli's  office  of  the  District  Court  of  the  United  States  in  and  for  the  Eastern  District 

of  Pennsylvania. 


STEREOTYPED   DT   L.  JOHNSON   ANTJ  CO. 

Pmi,.\DELPHIA. 

PRINTED  BY  DEACON  *  PETEP.SON. 


TO 

GEORGE  )YILLIAM  CHILDS, 

i-^t  |!nblis^£i;  of  l^is  Mo:\\, 
WHO  HAS  GREATLY  FURTHERED  MY  LABOURS  BY  HIS  ENTERPRISE 

AND 

ZE.\LOUS  AND  INTELLIGENT  INTEREST, 

I  dedicate 

THE  FRUITS  OF  MANY  YEARS  OF  ANXIOUS  RESEARCH 

AND 

CONSCIENTIOUS  TOIL. 

S.  AUSTIN  ALLIBONE. 

PniLADELPHiA,  September  1,  1858. 


PREFACE. 


The  importance  and  value  of  a  dictionary  of  a  lan- 
guage are  understood  and  appreciated  by  all.  If  I 
find  a  word  in  a  book,  or  hear  a  word  used  by  another, 
which  I  do  not  fully  comprehend,  I  have  nothing  to 
do  but  refer  to  my  dictionary,  where  all  the  needful 
information  is  before  me.  I  have  now  increased  my 
Block  of  knowledge,  and  can  use  the  word  myself  in 
speaking  or  writing,  and  comprehend  it  when  used 
by  others.  Another  link  is  added  to  those  ties  which 
bind  me  to  society ;  my  capacity  for  giving  and  re- 
ceiving valuable  information  and  innocent  pleasure 
is  enlarged.  It  is  now  natural  for  me  to  reason  with 
myself,  that  if  the  knowledge  of  only  one  new  term 
of  thought  be  so  desirable,  because  so  useful,  how 
would  my  usefulness  and  happiness  be  increased 
by  larger  additions  to  my  stock  of  mental  wealth ! 
A  life  spent  in  the  acquisition  of  knowledge,  surely 
would  be  a  happy  life  !  But  few  men  can  so  devote 
their  whole  time,  and  if  this  were  practicable,  life  is 
too  short  for  any  one  man  to  possess  himself  of  all 
the  secrets  of  nature,  the  discoveries  of  science,  and 
the  triumphs  of  art.  I  cannot  at  the  same  time, 
gaze  with  the  astronomer,  explore  with  the  voyager, 
calculate  with  the  mathematician,  and  experiment 
with  the  philosopher.  But  it  occurs  to  me  that  there 
is  a  mode  in  which  I  may,  to  a  large  extent,  avail 
myself  of  the  results  of  the  labours  of  others.  These 
have  been  given  to  mankind  through  the  medium  of 
the  press.  I  can,  therefore,  devote  my  leisure  time 
to  such  profitable  reading  as  shall  make  me  acquainted 
with  much  of  which  I  must  otherwise  be  ignorant. 
Reading  is  that  art  by  which  I  am  enabled  to  avail 
myself  of  the  recorded  wisdom  of  mankind.  But 
here  a  practical  difficulty  suggests  itself.  The  multi- 
plicity of  books,  even  in  my  own  language,  renders 
a  careful  selection  absolutely  indispensable.  It  has 
been  computed  that  of  the  650,000  (?)  volumes  in  the 
English  language,  about  50,000  would  repay  a  peru- 
sal!    Suppose  a  person  to  read  100  pages  a  day,  or 


100  volumes  a  year,  it  would  require  500  years  to 
exhaust  such  a  library!  IIow  important  is  it,  then, 
to  know  what  to  read  !  And  how  shall  this  knowledge 
be  obtained  ?  Now  let  us  revert  to  our  opening  re- 
marks upon  the  value  of  a  dictionary  of  words.  If 
there  be  such  an  advantage  in  full  definition,  in 
alphabetical  arrangement,  and  consequent  facility  of 
reference,  why  should  we  not  have  a  dictionary  of 
books  and  authors  as  well  as  of  words?  Suppose  that 
I  wish  to  know  whether  Hume  or  Lingard's  History 
of  England,  or  Spenser's  Poems,  or  Burke's  Speeches, 
or  Thomson's  Seasons,  are  desirable  works  for  my 
school,  my  library,  my  parlour  table ; — or  suppose  1 
wish  to  know  the  personal  history  of  these  authors — 
of  Hume,  Lingard,  Burke,  Thomson — what  trouble  I 
shall  have  in  obtaining  the  desired  information !  But 
if  I  Lad  a  Dictionary  of  Literary  History  and  Bio- 
graphy, I  have  nothing  to  do  but  turn  to  H,  or  L,  or 
B,  or  T,  and  I  am  at  once  in  possession  of  what  I 
seek.  But  is  there  any  such  work  to  be  had  ?  It  is 
a  remarkable  fact  that,  notwithstanding  the  obvious 
advantages  of  such  a  work,  there  was  none  such  in 
print  before  the  present  publication.  There  were, 
indeed,  meagre  "  Compendiums  of  English  Litera- 
ture," and  "  Comprehensive  CycIopa;dias,"  the  largest 
of  which  (with  the  exception  of  a  book  of  titles  of 
works)  contains  about  850  out  of  more  than  30,000 
authors!  Much  of  such  knowledge,  too,  is  found 
scattered  here  and  there  in  expensive  biographical 
compilations,  which  can  never  become  popular,  be- 
cause very  costly,  and  are,  indeed,  insufficient  authori- 
ties in  literary  history. 

Deeply  lamenting  this  serious  deficiency  in  the 
English  Republic  of  Letters,  the  compiler  determined 
to  undertake  the  preparation  of  the  long-desired 
work,  and  he  now  has  the  pleasure  of  presenting  to 
the  public  the  results  of  labours  extending  over  a 
long  period,  and  pursued  with  unwearied  zeal,  in  "A 
Ckitical  DiOTiONART  OP  Encilish  Literature  and 

3 


PEEFACE. 


British  and  American  Authors,  Living  and  De- 
ceased, FROM  THE  Earliest  Accounts  to  the  Mid- 
dle OF  THE  19th  Century." 

The  principal  features  of  the  worli  are  the  follow- 
ing: 

1.  It  is  arranged  in  alphabetical  order,  to  insure 
facility  of  reference. 

2.  While  professing  to  chronicle  only  British  and 
American  authors,  in  our  College  of  Letters,  we 
have  sometimes  overlooked  the  question  of  nativity, 
and  enrolled  a  writer  whose  insignia  of  literary 
nobility  could  properly  be  quartered  on  an  English 
field.  That,  indeed,  would  be  a  prodigal  parsimony 
which  should  exclude  from  the  national  coffers  of 
intellectual  wealth,  the  superscriptions  of  Anselm, 
Lanfraac,  Benoit  De  Sainte-Maur,  and  Peter  of 
Blois. 

3.  As  a  general  rule,  a  succinct  biography  is  given 
of  each  author  of  note.  The  length  of  such  notice, 
of  coui'se,  depends  upon  his  prominence  as  an  indi- 
vidual, and  his  rank  as  an  author.  Those  of  the 
first  class,  such  as,  Addison  Anselm,  Ascham,  Bacon, 
Burke,  Byron,  Bryant,  Chaucer,  Chillingworth,  Cla- 
rendon, Cowper,  Davy,  Dryden,  Dwight,  Edwards, 
Everett,  Franklin,  Gildas,  Gibbon,  llallam.  Hall, 
Henry,  Irving,  Johnson,  Laud,  Leighton,  Locke, 
Milton,  More,  Newton,  Otway,  Paley,  Pope,  Prescott, 
Kobertson,  Roscoe,  Savage,  Spenser,  Shakspeare, 
Sherlock,  Soutbey,  Sparks,  Taylor,  Thomson,  Tyn- 
dale.  Usher,  Vanbrugh,  Wace,  Warburton,  Walpole, 
Watts,  Watei-land,  Wood,  Young,  and  several  thou- 
BAND  OTHERS,  are  treated  at  considerable  length.  Less 
space  is  devoted  to  those  less  distinguished.  The 
number  of  authors  whose  works  are  noticed  is  about 
30,000,  a  far  greater  number  of  English  writers  than 
has  ever  before  been  brought  together  in  any  work, 
or  indeed  in  all  previous  publications. 

4.  The  most  valuable  feature  of  the  work  is  now 
to  be  mentioned.  Compilers  of  manuals  of  literature 
have  almost  universally  fallen  into  the  great  error  of 
giving  their  own  opinions,  almost  exclusively,  upon 
the  merits  or  demerits  of  the  authors  under  conside- 
ration. Now,  these  opinions  may  be  valuable  or  not : 
the  public  generally  neither  ask  nor  care  what  their 
views  may  be.  This  capital  error  is  avoided  in  the 
present  work.  The  compiler  occasionally  ventures 
an  opinion  of  his  own,  but  this  will  be  merely  sup- 
plemental to  opinions  better  known  and  more  highly 
appreciated  by  the  reading  public.  As  a  carefully 
prepared  record  op  the  opinions  of  great  men 
OPiiN  great  men,  this  work  will  prove  an  invaluable 
guide  to  the  student  of  literary  history.  For  instance, 
able  critici.sms  upon  the  speeches  and  literary  pro- 
ductions of  Edmund  Burke  have  been  written  or 
spoken  by  such  men  as  M.  Cazal^s,  Charles  James 
Fox,  Sir  James  Mackintosh,  Dr.  Johnson,  Curran, 
Wilberforce,  the  Duke  de  Levis,  Gerard  Hamilton, 
Dr.  French  Laurence,  Lord  Eldon,  Dr.  Parr,  Robert 
Hall,  the  Emperor  of  Germany,  the  Princes  of  France, 


the  King  of  England ;  in  modern  times,  by  Lord 
Brougham,  Lord  John  Russell,  Sir  Robert  Peel,  Mr. 
Macaulay,  and  many  others.  Now,  such  criticisms 
and  commendations,  invaluable  as  they  are,  are  float- 
ing about  in  books  and  pamphlets,  often  difficult  to 
procure,  and  troublesome  to  examine.  In  the  pre- 
sent work  they  will  be  found,  in  the  whole  or  in  part, 
arranged  in  a  few  pages  under  the  name  of  Burke. 
Such  an  article  alone  is  well  worth  the  price  of  the 
whole  book.  When  Mr.  Bryant  was  a  youthful  poet 
his  effusions  were  most  favourably  noticed  by  that 
first  class  authority,  the  London  Retrospective 
Review,  as  well  as  by  other  periodicals  and  critics. 
Some  years  later,  Christopher  North  and  Wash- 
ington Irving  (then  in  London)  displayed  their  good 
taste  by  warmly  applauding  the  "thoughts  that 
breathe  and  words  that  burn"  of  the  great  American 
bard.  In  the  present  work  the  reader  has  only  to 
turn  to  the  name  of  Bryant,  to  find  an  account  of 
these  and  other  interesting  facts  connected  with  Mr. 
B.'s  poetical  career.  So  a  reference  to  the  name  of 
Washington  Irving  will  place  him  in  possession  of 
the  prominent  events  connected  with  the  life  of  this 
distinguished  ornament  of  English  literature.  In 
like  manner  are  noticed  the  works  and  lives  of  the 
principal  living  (as  well  as  deceased)  British  authors : 
-Hallam,  Brougham,  Macaulat,  Dickens,  Bulweb 
Lytton,  &c. 

6.  The  laudable  curiosity  of  the  bibliomaniac,  or 
lover  of  rare  works,  is  not  forgotten  in  this  volume. 
Occasional  notices  are  given  of 

"  The  small,  rare  volume,  black  with  tarnished  gold." 

(Ferriar's  "Bibliomania,"  p.  11 :  Epistle  to  Richard 
Heber,  Esq.)  whilst  the  early  Roxburghe  Festivals, 
the  tournaments  at  Leigh  and  Sotheby's,  and  the  tri- 
umphs of  DiBDiN,  Heber,  and  Thorpe,  claim  respect- 
ful remembrance. 

6.  The  second  division  of  this  work  consists  of  a 
copious  index  of  subjects,  so  that  the  inquirer  can 

FIND  AT  A  GLANCE  ALL  THE  AUTHORS  OF  ANY  NOTE  IK 
THE  LANOUAQE,  ARRANGED  UNDER  THE  SUBJECT  OB 
SUBJECTS    UPON  WHICH    THEY  HAVE  WRITTEN.       Under 

Agriculture,  the  farmer  will  find  authors'  names 
alphabetically  arranged ;  and  by  turning  to  each  one, 
can  see  the  title  or  titles  of  his  work  or  works,  and 
probably  an  estimate  of  the  value  of  his  labours.  So 
in  Antiquities,  Chemistry,  Divinity,  Drama,  Law, 
Political  Economy,  Biography,  &c.  This  arrange- 
ment, the  compiler  considers,  will  confer  an  inesti- 
mable value  upon  the  work.  He  thus  presents  to  the 
public,  in  one  volume,  a  Co.mprehensive  Manual 
OF  English  Literature — authors  and  subjects — a 
Manu.1L  which  is  to  the  literature  of  the  lan- 
guage WHAT  AN  ORDINARY  DICTIONARY  IS  TO  THE 
WORDS  OF  THE  LANGUAGE. 

7.  The  value  of  the  work  can  be  best  seen  by  a 
comparison  with  other  works  of  a  somewhat  similar 
character. 


PREFACE. 


1.  Trrr,  Biographia  Beitannica  (complete),  in  7 
folio  volumes,  comes  down  to  a  no  later  period  tlian 
1706;  5  volumes  of  a  new  edition  were  published, 
1778-93,  extending  to  letter  E,  and  part  of  F.  The 
number  of  authors  noticed  is  few,  and,  of  course,  it 
excludes  all  those  who  have  died  within  the  last 
Bixty-two  years,  and  all  recent  discoveries  in  literary 
biography.  These  twelve  bulky  volumes,  which  are 
now  rarely  to  be  met  with,  are  worth  about  §35  to 
S40. 

2.  CnALMEKS's  BlOGRAPHICAI.  DiCTIOXAKT,  32  Vols. 

8  vo.,  1812-17,  contains  in  all  less  than  9000  names, 
of  which  perhaps  2500  are  those  of  British  au- 
thors ;  it  is  sold  at  from  §45  to  $55.  It  contains 
no  author  who  has  died  within  about  forty  years. 
Our  work  gives  25,000  to  30,000  names  of  British 
and  American  authors  (including  the  living)  to  the 
present  time. 

3.  Watt's  Bibliotheca  Bkitaxnica,  1824,  4  vols., 
4to.,  like  the  other  works  named  above,  is  a  very 
valuable  compilation.  It  contains  the  names  of  about 
22,500  British,  and  perhaps  100  to  200  early  American, 
authors.  Of  biographical  notices  it  is  almost  desti- 
tute ;  in  many  cases  giving  a  line  where  our  work 
gives  a  column.     It  sells  for  $40  to  $50. 

4.  Lowndes's  Bibliogkapher's  Manual,  1824,  4 
vols.,  8vo.,  gives  no  biography  of  consequence,  few 
modern  names,  and  very  meagre  critical  notices, 
where  any  at  all  are  presented.  It  is  but  little  more 
than  a  catalogue  of  titles,  though  a  work  of  much 
value  to  a  bibliographer.  It  meets  with  a  rapid  sale 
at  $24  to  $28,  and  is  now  very  scarce. 

5.  The  New  Biographicax  Dictionary,  (Kose's) 
12  vols.,  8vo.,  1848,  contains  about  3700  names  of 
British  and  American  authors,  excluding  all  living. 
It  sells  for  $30  to  $40. 

G.  Chambers's  CvcLOPiEDiA  of  E.nglish  Litera- 
ture is  a  most  valuable  work,  and  should  be  in  all 
libraries ;  but  as  a  map  of  English  literature  it  is 
very  defective,  though  from  no  fault  of  the  intelligent 
editor,  Mr.  Robert  Chambers.  He  designed  to  give 
specimens  of  the  works  of  a  few  authors,  rather  than 
a  history  of  British  and  American  authors  and  lite- 
rature. The  bulk  of  his  work  is  made  up  of  extracts 
from  the  few  authors  noticed.  Of  these  there  are 
832  only,  who  are  all  included  in  our  own  work, 
and  some  25,000  to  30,000  in  addition  !  Not  only 
have  we  all  of  the  British  authors  noticed  by  Cham- 
bers, but  all  included  in  Watt's  Bibliotheca  Britan- 
nic-1,  in  Lowndes's  Bibliographer's  Manual,  in 
Rose's  Biographical  Dictionary,  1848,  12  vols., 
8vo.,  Cleveland's  Compendicms  of  English  Lite- 
rature, &c. ;  all  of  the  American  authors  to  be  found 
in  R.  W.  Griswold's  compilations,  in  Allen's  American 
Biographical  Dictionary,  and  many  more,  both  British 
and  American,  never  before  included  in  a  work  of 
this  kind.  If  it  be  asked,  how  is  it  possible  for  us  to 
have  compressed  so  vast  a  quantity  of  information 
into  one  volume,  we  answer  that,  though  we  give 


only  one  volume,  yet  this  contains  the  mailer  of  more 
Ihan  thirty  ordinary  12mo.  volumes  of  SoO  pages  each. 
It  is  needless  to  enlarge  upon  the  superior  convenience 
for  reference  which  one  large  volume  possesses  over 
a  number  of  smaller  ones. 

We  shall  now  proceed  to  show  the  weighty  claims 
which  our  work  presents  to  the  attention  of  the  mem- 
bers of  the  various  professions,  and  the  public  gene- 
rally. 

1.  The  CLERGYMAN  will  find  it  an  invaluable 
guide  in  his  professional  duties.  How  often  is  he  at 
a  loss  to  know  what  books  to  refer  to,  when  pursuing 
some  interesting  and  useful  branch  of  study !  We 
are  bold  to  say  that  there  is  no  work  in  the  language, 
wiih  the  exception  of  this  volume,  which  will  answer 
his  purpose.  Horne's  Introduction,  and  Oeme's 
Bibliotheca  Biblica,  treat  of  works  which  relate 
to  the  Scriptures,  only.  Williams's  Chbistiaji 
Preacher,  and  Bickersteth's  Christian  Student, 
and  some  other  manuals  of  a  similar  character,  are 
very  defective  in  bibliography,  and  so  partial  to  those 
who  agree,  and  (unintentionally)  unjust  to  others 
who  disagree,  with  the  peculiar  views  of  the  compilers, 
that  the  advocate  is  apparent,  where  the  judge  alone 
should  be  heard.  Now  our  work  contains  almost,  if 
not  quite,  all  of  the  critical  notices  included  in  these 
works,  and  many  others  of  a  different  complexion. 
The  clergyman  has  only  to  turn  to  the  class  headed 
"Divinity,"  and  the  theological  treasures  of  the 
English  language  are  laid  open  to  his  view.  By  such 
guidance,  instead  of  purchasing  his  books  at  random, 
and  diminishing  his  means  by  the  cost  of  works,  which 
he  finds,  on  examination,  unsuited  to  his  purpose, 
he  can  at  once  lay  his  hands  upon  exactly  what  he 
needs.  If  he  wish  to  add  to  his  library  works  of  a 
miscellaneous  character,  he  can  consult  this  ever- 
present,  well-informed  friend  at  his  elbow,  who  will 
indicate  those  works  which  are  suitable,  and  those 
which  are  unsuitable,  for  his  library  shelves  and 
parlour  table. 

2.  The  LAWYER  will  find  in  our  work  copious 
notices  of  books  in  his  profession,  from  Aecheold  to 
ViNER.  The  article  "  L.\w,"  in  the  Index,  will  enable 
him  to  discover  at  once  the  title  and  dale  of,  and  fre- 
quently valuable  critical  opinions  from  the  highest 
authorities  upon,  the  legal  treatise  which  is  to  enable 
him  to  study  intelligently  the  important  case,  the 
management  of  which  is,  perhaps,  to  make  or  mar 
his  professional  reputation. 

3.  The  DOCTOR  OF  MEDICINE  is  often  at  a  loss 
to  lay  his  hands  upon  a  treatise  which  will  enable 
him  to  master  the  diagnosis  of  some  disease,  which 
has  baffled  his  skill,  or  must  be  explained  to  his  class. 
He  has  no  medical  bibliographer  to  consult ;  or  he 
may  hesitate  to  admit  ignorance  in  quarters  where 
professional  rivalry  may  not  always  keep  the  secret. 
Our  Library  of  English  Literature  is  on  his  shelf,  is 
consulted,  has  relieved  him  from  his  difficulty,  and 
he  commends  the  wisdom  of  the  profitable  purchase. 


6 


PEEFACE. 


Abernctfiy's  Digestive  Organs,  Mede's  Pestilential  Con- 
tagion, or  WatCs  Consumption,  soon  smiles  grimly  in 
his  library ;  tlie  patient  is  soon  well  enough  to  laugh 
at  his  doctor,  the  medical  students  are  dismissed, 
"wiser,"  if  not  "better,  men,"  and  our  ^Esculapius 
walks  forth,  the  admiration  of  his  fellow  citizens,  as 
a  marvel  of  erudition. 

4.  In  like  manner,  the  MERCHANT  who  desires 
to  be  acquainted  with  the  literature  of  his  profession, 
and  the  ARTIST  who  is  looking  for  the  best  manuals 
of  his  calling,  or  the  biographies  of  those  who  have 
graven  their  names  with  the  chisel  upon  the  eloquent 
marble,  or  stamped  their  fame  upon  the  glowing 
colours  of  the  speaking  canvass, — has  here  a  sure 
resource. 

5.  The  ACxRICULTURIST  can  learn  the  most 
recent  improvements  in  the  treatment  of  lands,  and 
provide  himself  with  those  stimulants  to  production, 
without  which,  no  farmer  can  now  compete  with  his 
intelligent  neighbour. 

6.  And  let  not  the  WORKING  MAN  say  to  such  a 
manual  as  ours,  "  I  have  no  need  of  thee.  I  am  no 
scholar,  and  have  no  time  to  read,  even  if  I  felt  the 
desire.  I  do,  indeed,  sometimes  lament  my  ignorance 
and  inability  to  understand  much  of  what  I  read  in 
the  papers,  but  it  is  too  late  for  me  to  learn."  A 
plea  of  this  kind  confutes  itself 

Our  MECHANIC  admits  that  he  is  often  mortified  at 
his  ignorance.  Why  then  should  he  voluntarily  re- 
main in  ignorance?  As  to  the  alleged  "want  of 
time,"  this  is  altogether  an  error.  The  excuse  may 
be  valid  in  one  case  in  ten  thousand :  as  the  odds  are 
so  great,  we  feel  justified  in  never  admitting  its 
validity.  We  will  venture  to  assert  that,  almost 
without  an  exception,  every  man,  woman,  and  child, 
who  complains  of  want  of  time  for  the  discharge  of 
neglected  duties,  can  find  time  enough  when  inclina- 
tion becomes  the  manager.  In  the  busiest  season, 
will  not  time  be  found  for  that  amusement,  that  re- 
creation, which  may  be  ardently  desired  by  the  one 
who  complains  of  being  so  much  burdened  ?  We  say 
to  the  working  man  or  woman,  apprentice,  boy,  or 
girl,  determine  to  improve  your  mind,  to  add  to  your 
stock  of  knowledge,  and  you  will  find  time  enough.  In 
time,  as  in  money,  it  is  neglect  of  the  fragments 
which  consumes  the  store.  Who  could  not,  if  so 
disposed,  save  for  reading  one  hour  per  day  ?  Not, 
perhaps,  in  one  term,  but  a  few  minutes  here  and 
there,  until  the  aggregate  should  amount  to  the  time 
supposed.  If  the  working  day  be  ten  hours  in  length, 
we  have  the  following  result: 

One  hour  per  day  is,  in  a  year,  three  hundred  and 
sixty-five  hours — thirty-six  days  and  a  half — that  is, 
about  five  weeks  in  a  year.  Does  not  this  surprise 
you  ?  How  much  knowledge  you  will  be  possessed 
of  next  year,  if  you  devote  five  weeks  to  its  acquisi- 
tion this  year !  In  ten  years  you  will,  at  the  same 
rate,  have  devoted  one   year  to  reading.     Here  is 


time  enough  in  which  to  learn  two  languages,  or  to 
read  through  more  than  one  hundred  volumes ! 

If  you  say  that  one  hour  is  too  much  time  per  day  to 
assume  as  a  basis,  then  take  half  an  hour,  or  a  quarter, 
or  five  minutes  only,  and  you  will  see  that  it  is  still 
worth  saving.  Be  assured  that  the  position  you  hold 
among  your  neighbours,  your  respectability,  your 
usefulness,  is  mainly  dependent  upon  the  amount  of 
knowledge  you  possess.  If  you,  honest  shoemaker, 
or  carpenter,  can  tell  your  group  of  neighbours  who 
Franklin  was,  what  Burke  was  distinguished  for,  why 
Shakspeare  is  so  much  admired,  in  what  year  Wash- 
ington was  bom  and  when  he  died — if  you  can  tell 
them  about  such  things,  when  you  meet  with  the  names 
of  these  or  other  men  in  the  village  newspaper,  every 
one  of  your  neighbours  will  respect  you  the  more  for 
your  knowledge. 

If  you,  apprentice  boy — you,  young  maiden — can 
inform  your  parents  of  the  philanthropic  labours  of 
a  Wilberforce  and  a  Howard,  of  the  eloquence  of  a 
Henry,  a  Chatham,  or  a  Clay,  of  the  discoveries  of  a 
Davy,  or  a  Fulton,  or  a  Newton,  be  sure  your  know- 
ledge will  "not  fall  to  the  ground." 

What,  indeed,  intellectually  considered,  distin- 
guishes a  man  from  a  brute,  but  education  ?  Before 
the  genius  of  such  men  as  Edmund  Burke  and  John 
Milton,  the  world  has  bowed  in  heartfelt  deference; 
but  had  Burke  and  Milton  been  without  education — 
had  they  been  North  American  Indians,  for  instance, 
what  would  their  genius  have  done  for  them  ?  It 
might  have  enabled  them  to  make  a  better  canoe,  or 
scalp  more  enemies,  or  construct  handsomer  wig- 
wams, than  their  fellows ;  but  if  transplanted  into 
civilized  life,  they  would,  in  usefulness  to  society, 
have  been  many  degrees  inferior  to  the  youth  in  the 
public  school.  Such  is  the  importance  of  knowledge, 
which  is  truly  "power!"  Therefore,  delay  not  to 
acquire  so  inestimable  a  treasure ! 

A  recent  illustration  of  the  pecuniary  advantages 
of  knowledge,  may  properly  conclude  this  portion  of 
our  subject.  An  operative  in  a  cotton  factory  sub- 
scribed three  dollars  a  year  for  a  magazine.  In  this 
periodical  he  found  the  designs  of  some  patterns  for 
goods.  He  thought  he  could  copy  them — did  so — 
was  eminently  successful,  and  found  that  his  three 
dollars  was  a  most  profitable  investment.  Had  he 
said  to  the  proffered  magazine,  as  we  have  imagined 
the  working  man  to  say  to  our  manual,  "  I  have  no 
need  of  thee,"  what  a  mistake  he  would  have  made ! 

7.  The  individual  who  follows  no  particular  pur 
suit,  will  find  a  work  most  useful,  which  will  enable 
him  to  pass  his  hours  of  retirement  in  entertaining 
improvement,  and  to  maintain  social  intercourse  with 
credit  and  esteem. 

How  often  are  the  ignorant  obliged  to  sit  by  in 
stupid  silence,  whilst  those  better  informed  are  dis- 
cussing the  merits  of  English  and  American  authors, 
of  former  or  present  days !   How  many  there  are  who 


PREFACE. 


know  nothing  of  English  history  excepting  what  they 
have  learned  from  Shakspeare,  and  know  no  more  of 
Shakspeare  than  they  have  witnessed  on  the  stage! 
How  many  who  confound  Sir  Isaac  Newton  with  his 
namesake,  the  excellent  Bishop,  and  do  not  know  the 
difference  between  "rare  Ben  Jonson"  and  the  dic- 
tator at  Mrs.  Thrale's ! 

Ladies  are  generally  better  informed  than  the 
other  sex  in  these  matters,  but  if  the  former 
would  abridge  toilet-reviews  and  inordinate  indulgence 
in  morning  visits  and  evening  parties,  they  would 
know  more,  though  they  might  gossip  less.  A  pro- 
per regard  to  the  reputation  of  their  own  sex, 
should  induce  them  to  carefully  peruse  a  volume 
which  records  the  classic  erudition  of  an  Elizabeth 
Carter,  the  astronomical  investigations  of  a  Mary 
Somerville,  the  wisdom  and  piety  of  a  Hannah  More, 
the  poetical  genius  of  a  Felicia  Ilemans,  and  other 
immortal  trophies  of  female  intellect,  illustrated 
by  a  host  of  brilliant  stars  in  the  Literary  Firma- 
ment. 

8.  AU  who  purchase  books  for  district  and  other 
school-libraries,  for  their  own  families  or  for  their 
private  book-case,  will  see  the  usefulness  of  a  work 
which  will  at  once  direct  them  to  the  best  wokks 
OF  THE  BEST  AUTHORS.  Toachers  and  parents  will 
have  no  hesitation  in  accepting  the  critical  opinions 
of  the  wise  and  good,  recorded  in  these  pages.  As 
regards  the  work  itself,  care  has  been  taken  to 
rigorously  exclude   everything  of  an  objectionable 

•  character.  It  may  be  read  aloud  to  the  family 
circle  without  fear  of  its  calling  a  blush  to  the  cheek 
of  modesty,  or  inflicting  a  pang  upon  the  heart  of 
the  conscientious  Christian.  It  is  proper  in  this  con- 
nexion to  remark,  that  whilst  the  literary  merits  of 
writers  of  all  classes  are  candidly  acknowledged,  and 
no  religious  or  irreligious  peculiarities  are  considered 
as  sanctioning  injustice  to  their  advocates,  yet  a  pro- 
found deference  to  the  pi-inciples  of  the  Christian 
religion,  and  a  settled  disapprobation  of  the  impieties 
and  absurdities  of  infidelity,  are  fearlessly  announced. 
If  this  displease  any,  let  them  be  displeased.  "Let 
God  be  true,  and  every  man  a  liar." 

9.  Booksellers  need  not  be  told  of  the  importance 
to  their  own  interest,  of  encouraging  the  circulation 
of  a  work  which  will  tend  more  to  the  enlarged  sale  of 
books  than  any  publication  which  has  ever  appeared. 
Several  of  the  best  known  and  most  extensive  pub- 
lishers and  booksellers  in  the  United  States  have 
warmly  encouraged  the  preparation  of  this  volume. 
Indeed,  no  intelligent  bookseller  who  understands 
his  own  business,  can  dispense  with  it  as  a  constant 
companion.  It  will  ensible  him  to  point  out  to  his 
customer,  at  once,  the  books  of  which  he  is  in  quest, 
and  to  show  him  the  opinions  of  the  most  distin- 
guished critics  and  esteemed  authorities  as  to  their 
merits  or  demerits.  The  application  of  these  re- 
marks, and  many  of  the  preceding  considerations,  to 


ACTHOBS  and  editors,  whether  of  books  or  periodi- 
cals, is  so  obvious,  that  no  enlargement  is  neces- 
sary. 

It  is  obvious  to  those  at  all  familiar  with  the  sub- 
ject, that  no  work  of  this  kind  could  have  been  pro- 
perly prepared,  without  an  intimate  acquaintance 
with  English  literature,  and  the  advantage  of  an  ex- 
tensive private  library,  for  constant  reference  and 
consultation,  It  is,  therefore,  proper  to  remark,  that 
the  author  of  The  Critical  Dictionary  of  Englisb 
Literature,  and  British  and  American  Authors, 
has  long  applied  himself  to  the  subject,  with  con- 
siderable labour  and  zeal,  and  spent  many  years  in 
accumulating  a  large  collection  of  rare  and  curious 
literary  treasures,  in  addition  to  the  manuals  gene- 
rally considered  as  the  best  authorities.  We  give  a 
list  of  some  of  the  works  which  we  have  kept  at  our 
side  for  consultation  and  guidance,  though  not  obliged 
to  lay  all  of  them  under  contribution. 

The  General  Dictionary,  Historical  and  Critical 
(including  Bayle),  of  Birch,  Lockman,  Sale,  and 
others.  London,  1734-41,  10  vols.,  fol.  The  Bio- 
graphia  Britannica.  Lon.,  1747-G6,  7  vols.,  fol.; 
and  1778-92,  5  vols.,  fol. 

The  English,  Scotch,  and  Irish  Historical  Libra- 
ries, by  Bishop  Nicolson.  Lon.,  177G,  4to.  Oldys'a 
British  Librarian.  Lon.,  1738,  12mo.  Gerard  Lang- 
baine'a  Account  of  the  English  Dramatic  Poets. 
Oxford,  1C91,  ISmo.  Biographia  Dramatica.  Lon., 
1812,  3  vols,  in  4,  8vo.  Whincop's  Complete  List 
of  English  Dramatic  Poets.  Lon.,  1747,  8vo.  Rit- 
son'a  Bibliographia  Poetica.  1802,  R.  Svo.  Wood's 
Athenoe  Oxoniensis,  with  Additions  and  a  Continua- 
tion by  Dr.  Bliss.  Lon.,  1813-20,  4  vols.,  4to. 
Nichols's  Literary  Anecdotes.  Lon.,  1812-16,  10 
vols,  in  9,  Svo. ;  and  Illustrations  of  the  Literary 
History  of  the  Eighteenth  Century.  7  vols.,  1817-48, 
8vo.  Walpole's  History  of  the  Royal  and  Noble 
Authors  of  England,  Scotland,  and  Ireland,  with  a 
List  of  their  Works,  enlarged  and  continued  by 
Thomas  Park.     Lon.,  180G,  5  vols.,  8vo. 

Watt's  Bibliotheca  Britannica,  or  a  General  Index 
to  British  and  Foreign  Literature.  Lon.,  1824,  4 
vols.,  4to.  To  this  excellent  work  we  are  largely 
indebted,  having  drawn  freely  from  its  pages  for 
particulars  of  editions,  &c.  Some  late  writers  have 
affected  to  depreciate  the  value  of  this  work,  because 
inaccuracies  have  not  escaped  the  eye  of  the  critic. 
Having  examined  every  article  pertaining  to  British 
authors  (about  22,500)  in  the  work,  we  consider 
ourselves  qualified  to  give  an  opinion.  Errors  there 
are,  and  some  glaring  ones,  which  can  readily  be 
excused  in  a  work  of  such  vast  compass,  yet  the 
Bibliotheca  of  Dr.  Watt  will  always  deserve  to  be 
valued  as  one  of  the  most  stupendous  literary  monu- 
ments ever  reared  by  the  industry  of  man.  As  stated 
elsewhere,  we  have  included  in  our  work  every 
British  author  noticed  by  Dr.  Watt;  yet  his  work 


8 


PREFACE. 


can  ty  no  means  be  dispensed  with  by  tlie  biblio- 
grapher. We  continue  our  enumeration  of  authori- 
ties. 

Dibdiu's  Typographical  Antiquities ;  or  The  His- 
tory of  Printing  in  Great  Britain,  enlarged  on  Ames 
and  Herbert.  Lon.,  1810-19,  4  vols.,  4to.  Dibdin's 
Bibliographical  Decameron.  Lon.,  1817,  3  vols.,  8vo. 
Dibdin's  Library  Companion.  Lon.,  1825,  8vo.  Dib- 
din's Bibliomania,  or  Book  Madness.  2d  edit.,  Lon., 
1842,  R.  8to.  Dibdin's  Greek  and  Roman  Classics. 
4th  edit.,  Lon.,  1827,  2  vols.,  imp.  8to.  Dibdin's 
Reminiscences  of  a  Literary  Life.  Lon.,  1836,  2  vols., 
Svo.  Dibdin's  Director ;  a  Literary  Journal.  Lon., 
1807,  2  vols.,  8vo. 

Sir  Egerton  Brydges's  (assisted  by  Haslewood  and 
others)  Censura  Literaria,  containing  Titles,  Ab- 
stracts, and  Opinions  of  Old  English  Books,  &c.  2d 
edit.,  Lon.,  1815,  2  vols.,  Svo. ;  The  British  Biblio- 
grapher, Lon.,  1810-14,  4  vols.,  8vo. ;  Restituta;  or 
Titles,  Extracts,  and  Characters  of  Old  English  Lite- 
rature, revived,  Lon.,  1814-16, 4  vols.,  8vo.;  Brydges's 
edition  of  Phillips's  Theatrum  Poetarum  Anglicano- 
rum.  Rev.  Tliomas  Hartwell  Home's  Introduction 
to  the  Study  of  Bibliography.  Lon.,  1814,  2  vols., 
8vo.  Manual  of  Biblical  Bibliography.  Lon.,  1839, 
Svo.  Bibliotheca  Anglo-Poetica.  Lon.,  1815,  R.  Svo. 
Schlosser's  History  of  the  18th  Century  and  part  of 
the  19th,  trans,  by  D.  Davidson.  Lon.,  1844-52,  8 
vols.,  Svo.  Dr.  Drake's  Shakspeare  and  his  Times. 
Lon.,  1817,  2  vols.,  4to. ;  Memorials  of  Shakspeare, 
and  other  works  of  this  elegant  and  useful  writer. 
Lowndes's  Bibliographer's  Manual.  Lon.,  1834,  4 
vols.,  Svo.  Lowndes's  British  Librarian,  or  Book 
Collector's  Guide,  1839,  &c.,  8vo.  Mackenzie's 
Lives  and  Characters  of  the  most  eminent  'Writers 
of  the  Scots  Nation.  Edin.,  1708-22,  3  vols.,  fol. 
Stark's  Biographia  Scotica.  Edin.,  1805,  32mo. 
Biographia  Scoticana.  Leith,  1816,  Svo.  Aikin's 
and  Johnston's  General  Biography.  Lon.,  1799-1815, 
10  vols.,  4to.  The  New  Biographical  Dictionary. 
Lon.,  1798,  15  vols.,  Svo.  Chalmers's  Biographical 
Dictionary.  Lon.,  1812-17,  32  vols.,  Svo.  New 
(Rose's)  Biographical  Dictionary.  Lon.,  1848,  12 
vols.,  Svo.  Gorton's  Biographical  Dictionary.  Lon., 
1851,  4  vols,  (with  supplement)  8vo. 

Biographie  Universelle.  Biographic  Universelle, 
Ancienne  et  Moderne.  Manuel  du  Libraire  et  de 
r  Amateur  de  Livres;  par  Jacques-Charles  Brunei, 
Quatrifeme  edition.  Paris,  1842-4,  5  vols.,  imp.  Svo. 
Biblioth^flue  Universelle  dcs  Voyages ;  par  G.  Boucher 
De  La  Richarderie.  Paris,  1808,  6  vols.,  Svo.  Bib- 
liographic Biographique,  par  Edouard-Marie  Oct- 
tinger.  Leipsic,  1850,  imp.  Svo.  Bibliotheca  Ame- 
ricana Nova,  &c.,  by  0.  Rich.  Lon.,  1832-35,  46, 
3  vols.,  Svo. 

D'Israeli's  Miscellanies  of  Literature.  Lon.,  1840, 
R.  Svo.  Curiosities  of  Literature.  Lon.,  1840,  R. 
Svo.  Arvine's  Cyclopccdia  of  Moral  and  Religious 
Anecdotes,   Boston,  Svo. ;    Anecdotes  of  Literature 


and  the  Fine  Arts.  Boston,  1852,  imp.  Svo.  Dr. 
Jamieson's  Cyclopedia  of  Religious  Biography.  Lon., 
1853,  12mo.  Keddie's  Cyclopedia  of  Literary  and 
Scientific  Anecdote.  Lon.,  1854,  12mo.  Thackeray's 
English  Humourists  of  the  18th  Century.     N.  York, 

1853,  12mo.  Neele's  Lectures  on  English  Poetry. 
Lon.,  12mo.  Rev.  A.  Hume's  Learned  Societies  and 
Printing  Clubs.  Lou.,  1853,  12mo.  Thomas  Camp- 
bell's Essay  on  English  Poetry,  with  Notices  of  the 
British  Poets.  Lon.,  1848,  12mo.  Madden's  In- 
firmities of  Genius.  Lon.  1833,  2  vols.,  12mo. 
Brougham's  Lives  of  Men  of  Letters  and  Science 
temp.  George  III.  Phila.,  1845,  12mo.  Dr.  John- 
son's Lives  of  the  English  Poets.  Lon.,  1850,  18mo. 
Boswell's  Life  of  Johnson,  edited  by  Croker.  Lon., 
1848,  R.  Svo.  Lockhart's  Life  of  Scott.  Edin., 
1844,  R.  Svo.  Moore's  Life  of  Lord  Byron.  N.  York, 
2  vols.,   R.   Svo.     Prior's  Life  of  Burke.     Boston, 

1854,  2  vols.,  12mo.  The  Works  and  Correspondence 
of  Burke.  Lon.,  1852,  8  vols.,  Svo.  Forster's  Life 
and  Adventures  of  Oliver  Goldsmith.  Lon.,  184S, 
12mo.  The  London  Anecdotes.  Lon.,  32mo.  Berk- 
enhout's  Biographia  Literaria.  Lon.,  1777,  4to. 
Bickersteth's  Christian  Student.  Lon.,  1844,  12mo. 
Men  of  the  Time.  N.  York,  1852,  12mo.,  and  Lon., 
1853,  12mo.  Williams's  Christian  Preacher.  Lon., 
1843,  12mo.  Stevenson's  Discovery,  Navigation,  and 
Commerce.  Edin.,  1824,  Svo.  Marvin's  Legal  Bib- 
liography. Phila.,  1847,  R.  Svo.  Allen's  American 
Biographical  and  Historical  Dictionary.  Boston, 
1832,  Svo.  Encyclopedia  Americana,  14  vols.  R. 
W.  Griswold's  Prose  Writers  of  America,  4th  edit., 
Phila.,  1852,  R.  Svo. ;  Poets  and  Poetry  of  America, 
Phila.,  1852,  R.  Svo.;  Female  Poets  of  America,  2d 
edit.,  Phila.  1853,  R.  Svo.  Rev.  Dr.  Blake's  Bio- 
graphical Dictionary.  Boston,  Sth  edit.,  1853,  R. 
Svo.  Cleveland's  Compendium  of  English  Literature. 
Phila.,  1852,  12mo.  ;  English  Literature  of  the  19th 
Century.  1853,  12mo.  Fuller's  Worthies  of  Eng- 
land, by  Nuttall.  Lon.,  1840,  3  vols.,  Svo.  Poole's 
Index  to  Periodical  Literature.  N.  Y'ork,  1853,  R. 
Svo.  Cunningham's  Biographical  History  of  Eng- 
land. Lon.  and  Edin.,  1852,  8  vols.,  Svo.  Warton's 
History  of  English  Poetry.  Lon.,  1840,  3  vols.,  Svo. 
The  Georgian  Era.  Lon.,  1832-34,  4  vols.,  12mo 
Ellis's  Specimens  of  the  Early  English  Poets.  1845, 
3vols.,  12mo.  The  Living  Authors  of  England.  12mo. 
A  Manual  of  British  Historians  to  A.  D.  1000. 
Aikin's,  &o.,  British  Poets.  Phila.,  1842-5,  3  vols., 
8vo.  Professor  Wm.  Smyth's  Lectures  on  Modern 
History,  edited  by  Jared  Sparks.  Boston,  1851,  8vo. 
Middleton's  Biographia  Evangelica.  Lon.,  1810,  4 
vols.,  Svo.  The  Life  and  Correspondence  of  Robert 
Southey.  N.  Y'ork,  1851,  Svo.  Ryan's  Poetry  and 
Poets.  Lon.,  1820,  3  vols.  12mo.  Moir's  Poetical 
Literature  of  the  Past  Half-Century.  Edin.,  1851, 
12mo.  Macaulay's  History  of  England.  Phila.,  1851, 
2  vols.,  12mo.  Bell's  Lives  of  the  English  Poets. 
Lon.,  1839,  2  vols.,  12mo.     J.  Collier's  Poetical  De- 


PREFACE. 


9 


camevon.  Lon.,  1820,  2  vols.  12mo.  Hallam's  Lite- 
rary History  of  Europe.  3d  edit.,  Lon.,  1847,  3  vols. 
8vo.  Andrews's  History  of  Great  Britain  and  Europe. 
Lon.,  1794,  4to.  Henry's  and  Andrews's  do.  Lon., 
14  vols.,  8vo.  Christian  Civilization.  Lon.,  1S50, 
12mo.  Ellis's  Letters  of  Eminent  Literary  Men. 
Lon.,  1843,  Svo.  Headley's  Beauties  of  Ancient 
English  Poetry.  1810,  12mo.  Ballard's  Memoirs 
of  British  Ladies.  Lon.,  1775,  Svo.  Timpson's 
British  Female  Biography.  Lou.,  1846,  12mo.  Mrs. 
Sarah  Josepha  Hale's  Woman's  Record.  N.  York, 
1853,  R.  8vo.  The  Works,  Life  and  Letters  of  Charles 
Lamb,  by  Talfourd.  N.  York,  1852,  2  vols.,  12mo. 
The  Metrical  Miscellany.  Lon.,  1802,  8vo.  Aikin's 
Letters  on  English  Poetry.  Lon.,  1804,  18mo.  The 
Muse's  Mirrour.  Lon.,  1778,  2  vols.,  12mo.  Jacob's 
Account  of  English  Poets.  1720,  2  vols.,  12mo.  Biog- 
graphiana.  Lon.,  1799,  2  vols.,  8vo.  Warburton's 
Letters  to  Hurd.  N.  York,  1809,  Svo.  Biographical 
Dictionary.  Lon.,  1809,  32mo.  A  Universal  Biogra- 
phical Dictionary.  Hartford,  1847,  12mo.  McClure's 
Translators  Revived.  1853,  12mo.  Maunder's  Bio- 
graphical Treasury.  Lon.,  1847,  12mo.  Hand  Book 
of  Universal  Biography,  by  Parke  Godwin.  N.  York, 
1852,  12mo.  Bellchambers's  Biographical  Dictionary. 
Lon.,  1835,  4  vols.,  32mo.  Rich's  Cyclopaedia  of 
Biography.  Lon.  and  Glasg.,  1854,  Svo.  Bingley's 
Biographical  Conversations.  Lon.,  1821,  12mo. 
Ritson's  Ancient  Popular  Poetry.  Lon.,  1833,  12mo. 
Anecdote  Library.  Lon.,  1822,  sm.  4to.  Anecdotes 
of  Books  and  Authors.  Lon.,  1836,  ISmo.  Seward's 
Anecdotes  of  Distinguished  Persons.  Lon.,  1804, 
Svo.     Anecdotes  of  Polite  Literature.     Lon.,  1764, 

5  vols.,  ISmo.    Letters  of  Anna  Seward.   Lon.,  ISll, 

6  vols.,  18mo.  Biographical  Magazine.  Lon.,  1701, 
Svo.  Granger's  Biographical  History  of  England, 
with  Noble's  Continuation.  Lon.,  1806-24,  9  vols., 
Svo.  Letters  between  Granger  and  some  Literary 
Men.  Lon.,  1815,  Svo.  Percy  Anecdotes.  N.York, 
1839,  Svo.  Dr.  King's  Political  and  Literary  Anec- 
dotes. Boston,  1S19,  12mo.  Davis's  Olio  of  Lite- 
rary and  Bibliographical  Anecdotes.  Lon.,  1814, 
12mo.  Anecdotes  of  Hogarth,  by  Nichols.  Lon., 
1783,  12mo.  Reminiscences  of  Henry  Angelo.  Lon., 
1830,  2  vols.,  Svo.  Barker's  Literary  Anecdotes. 
Lon.,  1852,  2  vols.,  Svo.  Professional  Anecdotes,  or 
Ana  of  Medical  Literature.  Lon.,  1825,  3  vols.,  12mo. 
Watkins's  Characteristic  Anecdotes.  Lon.,  1808,  Svo. 
Oxberry's  Dramatic  Biography.  Lon.,  1825-27,  6 
vols.,  ISmo.  Dutensiana.  Lon.,  1806,  5  vols.,  ISmo. 
Anecdotes  of  the  Life  of  Bishop  Watson,  1S18,  2  vols., 
Svo.  Almon's  Biographical,  Political,  and  Literary 
Anecdotes.  1797,  3  vols.,  8vo.  Blagdon's  Flowers 
of  Literature.  Lon.,  1805-8,  i  vols.,  12mo.  Life 
of  Sir  Samuel  Romilly.  Lon.,  1842,  2  vols.,  12mo. 
Craik's  Literature  and  Learning  in  England,  Lon., 
1S44-5,  6  vols.,  ISmo. ;  Pursuit  of  Knowledge  under 
Difficulties,  Lon.,  1845-7,  4  vols.,  ISmo.  Oxberry's 
Flowers  of  Literature,  or  EncyclopEedia  of  Anecdotes. 


Lon.,  1S21,  4  vols.,  ISmo.  Sir  John  Harrington's 
Nugse  Antiquse,  edited  by  Thomas  Park.  Lon.,  1S04, 
2  vols.  Svo.  The  British  Plutarch.  Lon.,  1791,  8 
vols.,  12mo.  Taylor's  Modern  British  Plutarch.  N. 
York,  1840,  12mo.  Hazlitt's  Miscellanies.  Phila., 
1S4S,  5  vols.,  12mo.  Weber's  Metrical  Romances. 
Lon.,  1810,  3  vols.,  Svo.  Tuckerman's  Character- 
istics of  Literature.  Phila.,  1849-51,  2  vols.,  12mo. 
Oxford  Prize  Poems.  Oxford,  1806,  12mo.  Hip- 
pesley's  Early  English  Literature.  Lon.,  1837, 12mo. 
Collier's  English  Dramatic  Poetry.  Lon.,  1831,  3 
vols.  12mo.  Ryan's  Biographia  Hibernica.  Lon., 
1826,  2  vols.,  Svo.  Gilfillan's  Modern  Literature. 
N.  York,  1850, 12mo.  Lives  of  Scottish  Poets.  Lon., 
1821,  3  vols.,  ISmo.  Sacred  Poetry  of  the  17th 
Century.  Lon.,  1836,  2  vols.,  ISmo.  Memoirs  of 
Physicians.  Lon.,  1818,  8to.  England's  Worthies, 
by  John  Vickars.  Lon.,  1845,  12mo.  De  Quincey'3 
Works.  Boston,  1851,  7  vols.  12mo.  Pegge's  Anony- 
miana.  Lon.,  1809,  12mo.  Dodsley's  Collection  of 
Poems.  Lon.,  1770,  6  vols.,  12mo.  Eminent  Lite- 
rary and  Scientific  Men  of  Great  Britain.  Lon., 
1S36,  5  vols.,  ISmo.  Beloe's  Sexagenarian,  or  Re- 
collections of  a  Literary  Life.  Lon.,  1817,  2  vols., 
Svo.  Fifty  Years  Recollections  of  an  Old  Bookseller. 
Lon.,  1837,  Svo.  Aikin's  Lives  of  Selden  and  Usher. 
Lon.,  1S32,  Svo.  Necrology.  Lon.,  1805,  Svo. 
Lectures  on  English  Poets,  by  Percival  Stockdale. 
Lon.,  1S07,  2  vols.,  Svo.  Lives  of  Eminent  Persons. 
Lon.,  1833,  Svo.  Graduates  of  Oxford,  1C59-1726. 
Oxf.,  1727,  Svo.  Evans's  Essays  on  Song  Writing. 
Lon.,  1810,  12mo.  Introduction  to  Literary  History 
of  14th  and  15th  Centuries.  Lon.,  1798,  Svo.  Alve's 
Sketches  of  a  History  of  Literature.  Edin.,  1794, 
Svo.  Cooper's  Muse's  Library.  Lon.,  1741,  12mo. 
Gems  of  Epistolary  Correspondence,  by  Willmott. 
Lon.,  1846,  Svo.  Memoirs  of  Dr.  Parr,  by  R.  W. 
Field.  Lon.,  1828,  2  vols.,  Svo.  Aikin's  Life  of  Ad- 
dison. Lon.,  1843,  2  vols.,  12mo.  Wild's  Memoirs 
of  Dean  Swift.  Dubl.,  1849,  8vo.  Sir  Egerton 
Brydges's  Autobiography.  Lon.,  1S34,  2  vols.,  8vo. 
Poynder's  Literary  Extracts.  Lon.,  3  vols.,  8vo. 
Records  of  Literature,  by  C.  Taylor.  Lon.,  ISOS,  2 
vols.,  Svo.  Critical  Observations  on  Books.  Lon., 
1783,  2  vols.,  Svo.  English  Puritan  Divines.  Lou., 
ISmo.  Southey's  Lives  of  Uneducated  Poets.  Lon., 
1836,  12mo.  Imitations  of  Celebrated  Authors 
Lon.,  1844,  12mo.  Byrn's  Book  of  1000  Anecdotes. 
Boston,  1853,  12mo.  Newbery's  Art  of  Poetry. 
Lon.,  1762,  ISmo.  The  Lounger's  Commonplace 
Book.  Lon.,  1805-7,  4  vols.,  Svo.  Smyth's  Bio- 
graphical Illustrations  of  Westminster  Abbey.  Lon., 
1843,  Svo.  Memoirs  of  Lady  Hester  Stanhope.  Lon., 
1846,  3  vols.,  12mo.  Southey's  Specimens  of  the 
Later  English  Poets.  Lon.,  1807,  3  vols.,  12mo. 
Burnett's  Specimens  of  English  Prose  Writers.  Lon., 
1813,  3  vols.,  12mo.  Kettel's  Specimens  of  American 
Poetry.  Bo.ston,  1829,  3  vols.,  12mo.  Lempri&re's 
I  Universal  Biographical  Encyclopaedia,  by  Lord.     N. 


10 


PREFACE. 


y.,  1825,  2  vols.,  8vo.  Testamenta  Vetusta,  by 
Nicolas.  Lon.,  1826,  2  vols.,  8vo.  Mills's  Literature, 
&c.,  of  Great  Britain,  etc.  N.  Y.,  1851,  2  vols.,  8vo. 
Keadings  in  Poetry.  Lon.,  1853,  18mo.  Readings 
in  English  Prose  Literature.  Lon.,  1849,  18mo. 
Readings  in  Biography.  Lon.,  1852,  18mo.  Wat- 
kins's  Biographical  Dictionary.  Lon.,  1807,  Bvo. 
Life  and  Letters  of  Thomas  Campbell,  by  Dr.  Beattie. 
N.  Y.,  1850,  2  vols.,  12mo.  Goodrich's  Popular 
Biography.  N.  Y.,  1852,  12mo.  Autobiography  of 
Leigh  Hunt.  N.  Y.,  1850,  2  vols.,  12mo.  Men, 
Women,  and  Books,  by  Leigh  Hunt.  N.  Y.,  1847,  2 
vols.,  12mo.  Cambridge  Prize  Poems.  Camb.,  1808, 
2  vols.,  12mo.  Mitford's  Recollections  of  a  Literary 
Life.  N.  Y.,  1850,  12mo.  Hewitt's  Homes  and 
Haunts  of  the  British  Poets.  N.  Y.,  1851,  2  vols., 
12mo.  The  Literati,  by  Edgar  A.  Poe.  N.  Y.,  1850, 
12mo. 

J.  P.  Collier's  Shakespeare's  Library.  Lon.,  1850, 
2  vols.,  8vo.  Shakesperiana,  by  Wilson.  Lon., 
1827,  12ma.  Shakesperiana,  by  Halliwell.  Lon., 
1841,  8vo.  Shakspeare's  Himself  Again,  by  A. 
Becket.  Lon.,  1812,  2  vols.,  8vo.  The  Confessions 
of  W.  H.  Ireland.  Lon.,  1805,  12mo.  Remarks  on 
Collier's  and  Knight's  editions  of  Shakespeare,  by 
Rev.  Alex.  Dyce.  Lon.,  1844,  8vo.  Donee's  Illus- 
trations of  Shakespeare.  Lon.,  1839,  8vo.  Mrs. 
Montague's  Essay  on  Shakespear.  Lon.,  1770, 18mo. 
Shakspere  and  His  Times.  By  Geo.  Twcddell.  Lon., 
1852,  IBmo.  Galerie  des  Femmes  de  Shakespeare. 
Paris,  2  vols.,  R.  8to.  Shakspeare's  Genius  Justified, 
by  Z.  Jackson.  Lon.,  1819,  8vo.  Miscellaneous 
Papers,  etc.,  of  Shakspeare,  by  Saml.  Ireland.  Lon., 
1790,  8vo.  J.  P.  CoUier's  Notes  and  Emendations 
to  the  Text  of  Shakespeare's  Plays.  N.  Y.  1853, 
12mo.  Shakspeare  and  His  Times,  by  M.  Guizot. 
N.  Y.,  1852,  12mo.  Knight's  Biography  of  Shake- 
speare;  Studies  of  Shakespeare.  Lon.,  1851,  2  vols. 
8vo.  An  Essay  on  the  Learning  of  Shakespeare,  by 
Dr.  R.  Farmer.  Lon.,  1821,  12mo.  Becket's  Dra- 
matic Miscellanies,  edited  by  Dr.  Beattie.  Lon., 
1838,  2  vols.  8vo.  Malone's  Inquiry  into  the  Authen- 
ticity of  the  Ireland  Shakespeare  JIS.  Lon.,  1796, 
8vo.  Halliwell's  Life  of  Shakespeare.  Lon.,  1848, 
8vo.  Hunter's  New  Illustrations  of  Shakespeare. 
Lon.,  1845,  2  vols.  8to.  Hudson's  Lectures  on 
Shakespeare.  N.  Y.,  1848,  2  vols.,  12mo.  Chal- 
mers's Supplemental  Apology  relative  to  the  Ireland 
Shakespeare  MS.  Fairhold's  Home  of  Shakspere. 
Lon.,  1847,  18mo.  Essays  on  Shakespeai-e's  Fal- 
stafF,  etc.  Lon.,  1789,  18mo.  Traditionary  Anec- 
dotes of  Shakespeare.  Lon.,  1838,  12mo.  Collier's 
Reasons  for  a  New  Edition  of  Shakespeare's  Works. 
Lon.,  1842,  8vo.  Ireland's  Vindication  relative  to 
the  Supposed  Shakespeare  MSS. 

Biograpbia  Britanuica  Literaria.  Anglo-Saxon 
Period,  by  Thos.  Wright,  M.  A.  Anglo-Norman  Pe- 
riod, by  Thos.  Wright,  M.  A.  Lon.,  1842-4G,  2  vols., 
8vo.     (See  Introduc.)     The  Clergy  of  America,  by 


Dr.  Belcher.  Phila.,  1848,  12mo.  J.  Pye  Smith'a 
First  Lines  of  Christian  Theology,  edited  by  Wm. 
Farrar.  Lon.,  1854,  8vo.  Lodge's  Portraits  and 
Memoirs  of  Illustrious  Personages  of  Great  Britain. 
Lon.,  1840,  10  vols.,  imp.  8vo.  Eccleston's  Eng- 
lish Antiquities.  Lon.,  1847,  8vo.  Chambers's 
Cyclopsedia  of  English  Literature.  Edin.,  1844,  2 
vols.,  imp.  8vo.  Shaw's  Outlines  of  English  Litera- 
ture. Phila.,  1852,  12mo.  Spalding's  History  of 
English  Literature,  N.  Y.,  1853,  12mo.  Pycroft's 
Course  of  English  Reading.  Lon.,  1850,  12mo. 
Bibliothfeque  Americaine,  par  H.  Ternaux.  Paris, 
1837,  8vo.  Ludewig's  Literature  of  American  Local 
History.  N.  Y.,  1846,  8vo.  Goodhugh's  Library 
Companion.  Lon.,  1827,  8vo.  Literary  and  Mis- 
cellaneous Memoirs,  by  J.  Cradock.  Lon.,  1828,  4 
vols.,  8vo.  Literary  Recollections,  by  Rev.  Richard 
Warner.  Lon.,  1830,  2  vols.,  8vo.  ElBgies  Poeticfe. 
Lon.,  1824,  8vo.  Chalmers's  Poetic  Remains  of  some 
of  the  Scottish  Kings.  Lon.,  1824,  12mo.  Upcott'a 
Biographical  Dictionary  of  Living  Authors.  Lon., 
1816,  8vo.  Dr.  Williams's  American  Medical  Bio- 
graphy. Greenfield,  1845,  8vo.  Diary  and  Letters 
of  Madame  D'Arblay.  Lon.,  1842-6,  7  vols.,  12mo. 
Willis's  Pencillings  by  the  Way.  N.  Y.,  1852,  12mo. 
Rowton's  Female  Poets  of  Great  Britain.  Lon., 
1848,  12mo.  The  Poetry  and  Poets  of  Great  Britain. 
Edin.,  1850,  12mo.  Modern  British  Essayists. 
Phila.,  1848,  etc.,  8  vols.,  8vo.  Physiognomical 
Portraits.  Lon.,  1823,  2  vols.,  imp.  8vo.  The  Mir- 
ror for  Magistrates.  Lon.,  1815,  3  vols.,  4to.  War- 
ren's Introduction  to  Law  Studies.  Lon.,  1845, 
12mo.  Dr.  Goodrich's  British  Eloquence.  N.  Y., 
1852,  8vo.  Diary  and  Correspondence  of  Saml.  Pepys, 
4th  edit.,  1854,  4  vols.,  R.  8vo.  Diary  and  Corres- 
pondence of  John  Evelyn.  1850,  4  vols.,  8vo.  Diary 
and  Correspondence  of  Ralph  Thoresby.  Lon.,  1830, 
4  vols.  8vo.  Miss  Strickland's  Lives  of  the  Queens 
of  England.  Lon.,  1853,  8  vols.,  R.  8vo.  Gibbon's 
Miscellaneous  Works,  by  Lord  Sheffield.  Lon.,  1837, 
8vo.  Chronicles  of  the  Crusades.  Lon.,  1848,  12mo. 
Ellis's  Metrical  Romances,  edited  by  Halliwell.  1848, 
12mo.  Schlegel's  Lectures  on  Dramatic  Art  and 
Literature.  Lon.,  1846,  8vo.  Southey's  Doctor. 
Lon.,  1849,  8vo. ;  do.  Common  Place  Book.  Park's 
Pantology.  Phil.a.,  1841,  8vo.  Life  and  Corres- 
pondence of  Lord  Jeff'reys.  Phila.,  1852,  2  vols., 
8vo.  Collier's  Roxburghe  Ballads.  Lon.,  1847, 
12mo.  Hone's  Works.  Lon.,  4  vols.,  8vo.  Whip- 
ple's Essays  and  Reviews.  Boston,  1851,  2  vols. 
12mo.  Whipple's  Lectures.  1850,  12mo.  Giles's 
Lectures  and  Essays.  Boston,  1850,  3  vols.,  12mo. 
The  Poetical  Register.  Lon.,  1805,  etc.,  8  vols., 
12mo.  Timperley's  Encyclopaedia  of  Literature  and 
Typographical  Anecdote.  Lon.,  1839,  8vo.  Savage's 
Librarian.  Lon.,  1808,  3  vols.,  8vo.  Johnson's 
Typographia.  Lon.,  1824,  2  vols.,  8vo.  Beloe's 
Anecdotes  of  Literature  and  Scarce  Books.  Lon., 
1814,  6  vols.,  8vo.      Moss's  Classical  Bibliography. 


PKEFACE. 


11 


Lon.,  1837,  2  vols.,  8to.     The  Book  Rarities  of  the 

University  of  Cambridge.  Lon.,  1829,  8vo.  Fry's 
Bibliographical  Memoranda.  Bristol,  1816,  sm.  4to. 
Alphabetical  Register  of  Authors,  by  Reuss.  Berlin, 
1791.  Buckingbam's  Reminiscences.  Boston,  1852, 
2  vols.,  12mo.  Munsell's  Typographical  Miscellany. 
Albany,  1850,  8vo.  Soanes's  New  Curiosities  of 
Literature.  Lon.,  1849,  2  vols.,  12mo.  Encyclo- 
paedia Britannica.  7th  edit.,  24  vols.,  Lon.,  1842, 
etc.,  4to.  Matthias's  Pursuits  of  Literature.  Lon., 
1812,  R.  4to.  Spence's  Anecdotes.  1820,  imp.  fol. 
Blair's  Lectures  on  Rhetoric  and  Belles  Lettres,  4to. 
Collier's  Great  Historical  and  Poetical  Dictionary. 
Lon.,  1701,  etc.,  3  vols.,  fol.  Harleian  Miscellany. 
Lon.,  1744-6,  8  vols.,  4to.  Piatt's  Universal  Bio- 
graphy. Lon.,  1826,  5  vols.,  8vo.  Gentleman's  Maga- 
zine, 1731-1854,  about  220  vols.  Universal  Maga- 
zine, 1747-1803,  112  vols.  London  Monthly  Review, 
1749-1842,  about  225  vols.  Edinburgh  Review, 
1802-1854,  104  vols.  London  Retrospective  Review, 
1820-8, 16  vols.  London  Quarterly  Review,  1809-1854, 
96 vols.  Blackwood'sEdinburgh Magazine,  1817-1854. 
Littell's  Living  Age.  Also  the  London  Literary  Ga- 
zette ;  London  Athenwum  ;  North  British  Review  ; 
Westminster  Review  ;  Edinburgh  Annual  Register ; 
London  Christian  Observer ;  London  Monthly  Reposi- 
tory ;  British  Magazine  ;  London  Notes  and  Queries  ; 
and  a  large  collection  of  bibliography,  including 
catalogues  of  many  of  the  most  celebrated  English 
libraries,  from  Dr.  Mede's  to  Dawson  Turner's. 

The  reader  will  observe  that  only  those  works  have 
been  named  which  profess  to  record  biographical  or 
bibliographical  information.  It  is  hardly  necessary 
to  say,  that  in  a  city  like  Philadelphia,  the  autlior 
has  not  been  restricted  to  his  own  library,  for  the 
purpose  of  literary  research  ;  although  the  above  list, 
perhaps,  evinces  some  zeal  in  the  collection  of  appro- 
priate works.  It  is,  however,  proper  to  state  that 
the  Critical  Dictionary  now  submitted  to  the  public, 

IS  BY  NO  MEANS  A  MERE    SEKVILE    COMPILATION    FEOM 

EXisTiNO  AUTHORITIES.  Great  pains  and  much  time 
have  been  devoted  to  the  sifting  of  statements,  the 
comparison  of  opposing  records,  and  the  authentica- 
tion of  dates. 

The  many  errors  to  be  found  in  compilations  of 
this  character,  are  partly  attributable  to  the  fact,  that, 
in  most  instances,  a  number  of  editors,  often  without 
unity  of  counsel,  have  combined  their  labours  in  the 
production  of  one  work.  Tet  the  advantages  of  such 
combination  in  a  compendium  of  general  biography, 
are  too  great  to  be  sacrificed  to  the  hope  of  perhaps 
unattainable  perfection.  But  it  is  believed  that  a 
work  of  the  character  now  presented  to  the  public, 
restricted  to  one  class — authors — and  British  and 
American  authors  only,  can  be  better  prepared  by 
one  editor  than  by  many.  In  such  unions,  each  co- 
labourer  brings  to  the  common  stock,  preconceived 
partialities  and  antipathies,  and  a  scientific  or  lite- 
rary esprit  du  corps,  which  can  hardly  be  reconciled 


without  mutual  concessions,  and  compromises,  of 
which  the  public  must  bear  the  cost.  That  this  is 
no  picture  of  the  imagination,  the  literary  reader  will 
bear  us  witness.  In  this  work,  the  author  has  declined 
many  proffers  of  assistance,  in  order  that  he  might 
pursue  his  own  plans  without  interruption,  and  feel, 
as  he  added  stone  after  stone  to  the  edifice,  that  the 
literary  monument,  when  erected,  would  be  the  work 
of  his  own  hands. 

Whilst  thus  claiming  all  responsibility  which  at- 
taches to  the  preparation  of  this  volume,  we  have 
pleasure  in  expressing  our  obligations  to  the  nume- 
rous correspondents  in  Great  Britain  and  America 
who  have  furnished  us  information  respecting  their 
own  literary  biography  or  that  of  other  writers.  If 
we  have  not  always  profited  by  the  well-meant  sug- 
gestions of  our  advisers,  it  must  be  remembered  in 
our  defence  that  he  alone  who,  from  the  advantages 
of  his  position,  can  take  in  at  one  survey  the  mate- 
rials of  which  he  is  to  compose  his  edifice,  can  intelli- 
gently judge  as  to  the  best  disposition  of  the  parts 
and  the  most  suitable  style  of  architecture. 

With  reg.ard  to  those  matters  in  which  the  author 
has  been  obliged  to  adjudicate — the  opposing  ver- 
sions connected  with  biographical  and  literary  details 
— he  claims  no  infallibility,  and  must  expect  to  en- 
counter occasional  dissent.  Yet  a  timely  caution 
against  hasty  and  superficial  criticism,  may  save 
mortification  to  that  class  of  commentators  who  so 
often  excite  commiseration  by  mistaking  crude  specu- 
lations, and  the  rash  confidence  of  unconscious  igno- 
rance, for  the  results  of  learned  investigation,  and 
the  modest  assurance  of  intelligent  deliberation. 
When  such  critics  feel  disposed  to  charge  us  with 
error,  from  our  want  of  coincidence  with  their  pre- 
conceived opinions,  it  will  be  only  modest  to  ask 
themselves,  if  it  be  quite  certain  that  they  are  right, 
and  ourselves  in  the  wrong  ?  Unless  the  disputed 
question  be  one  within  their  own  personal  knowledge 
— which  it,  of  course,  seldom  can  be — their  charge 
of  error  at  our  door,  can  only  mean  that  they  prefer 
some  opposing  version  to  that  which  they  criticise ; — 
but  may  not  their  authority  have  been  the  subject 
of  our  consideration,  also? — have  been  carefully 
scrutinized,  and  deliberately  rejected  ?  We  may 
not,  indeed,  explicitly  refer  to  the  dictum  to  which 
our  critic  so  deferentially  bows,  for  it  is  impossible 
in  our  limited  space  to  give  aught  but  the  conclu- 
sions of  our  researches, — but  this  omission  affords 
no  proof  of  our  ignorance  of  such  opposing  authori- 
ties. Whatever  may  be  the  faults  and  imperfections 
of  our  work,  we  prefer  to  fall  into  the  hands  of  the 
learned,  who  can  appreciate  both  merits  and  defects, 
rather  than  trust  to  the  tender  mercies  of  the  lite- 
rary charlatan,  whose  commendation  and  censure  are 
alike  worthless. 

It  is  not  the  erudite  bibliographer,  for  instance, 
who  will  object  to  the  introduction  into  a  work  of 
this  kind,  of  the  many  brief  articles  of  a  few  lines — 


12 


PREFACE. 


in  some  cases  only  one  line — which  'will  be  found 
scattered  up  and  down  on  our  pages.  Those  who 
estimate  the  usefulness  of  an  article  by  its  length, 
would  banish  those  short  records  from  our  volume ; 
but  the  intelligent  critic  will  reply,  with  Dr.  Johnson, 
that  all  knowledge  tends  to  profit,  and  that  "  it  is  of 
use  to  a  man  only  to  know  that  there  is  such  a  place 
as  Kamschatka." 

The  result  of  an  important  lawsuit,  the  adjustment 
of  a  disputed  boundary,  the  settlement  of  a  weighty 
literary  controversy,  may  often  depend  upon  the 
knowledge  of  the  title,  or  date,  of  a  book  to  be  found 
in  the  conclusion  of  a  "paltry  line,"  ridiculed  by  the 
ignorant  for  its  brevity.  And  as  regards  the  com- 
parative value  of  information,  each  reader  can  judge 
for  himself,  but  no  one  can  prescribe  for  his  fellow. 
The  few  lines  devoted  to  the  consideration  of  an  anti- 
quarian tract,  which  you  grudge  from  the  poetical 
article  which  precedes  them,  will  be  valued  by  some 
neighbouring  "Oldbuck"  above  all  the  poetry  since 
the  days  of  Homer.  Whilst  to  spread  a  repast  which 
Bhall  satisfy  the  appetite  of  all,  is  a  consummation 


beyond  the  ambition  even  of  a  literary  LucuUus,  yet 
the  author  hopes  that  each  guest  will  here  find  some 
refreshment  which  will  reward  him  for  his  delay, 
and  perhaps  strengthen  him  anew  for  the  journey  of 
human  life. 

In  conclusion,  we  would  once  more  labour  to  im- 
press upon  our  readers  the  duty  of  the  zealous  pur- 
suit of  those  paths  of  learning  and  science  which 
lead  to  usefulness,  happiness,  and  honour.  Be  not 
dismayed  by  the  apparently  unattractive  character 
of  much  of  the  scenery  through  which  you  must  pass. 
Persevere  ;  and  distaste  will  soon  yield  to  pleasure, 
and  repugnance  give  place  to  enjoyment.  An  ever 
present  and  influential  sense  of  the  importance  of 
the  goal,  will  do  wonders  in  overcoming  the  diffi- 
culties of  the  way.  To  those  Israelites  whose  hearts 
fainted  for  a  sight  of  their  beloved  Temple,  the  sands 
of  the  desert,  and  the  perils  of  the  road,  presented 
no  obstacles  which  their  energy  and  their  faith  could 
not  surmount.  The  arid  "Valley  of  Baca"  to  them 
became  a  well — for,  in  the  beautiful  language  of  the 
Psalmist,  "  The  rain  also  fiUeth  the  pools." 


TO   THE  READER. 


It  will  be  observed  that  the  limit  of  the  Literary 
History  contained  in  this  work  is  stated  to  be  "  The 
Middle  of  the  Nineteenth  Century."  Our  pages,  how- 
ever, bear  constant  evidence  of  researches  carried 
down  to  the  day  of  publication  ;  and  in  many  cases 
we  have  felt  at  liberty  to  announce  literary  enter- 
prises which  may  not  see  the  light  until  long  after 
cur  own  labours  have  been  submitted  to  the  public. 

1.  As  regards  the  places  of  publication  of  the  works 
enumerated  in  this  Dictionary,  it  will  be  understood 
that  the  place  affixed  to  the  first  book  noticed  in  an 
article  applies  also  to  all  the  books  which  occur 
before  the  mention  of  another  place  in  the  same 
article.  There  are  some  exceptions  to  this  rule,  (it 
is  not  known,  for  instance,  where  some  books  were 


printed,)  but  the  bibliographer — the  only  one  likely 
to  be  curious  in  such  matters — will  know  where  to 
look  for  the  details  which  our  limits  forbid  us  to 
introduce. 

2.  It  will  be  understood  that  the  fact  of  the  publi- 
cation of  Sermons  properly  suggests  (in  this  Dic- 
tionary) the  prefix  Rev.  to  the  name  of  the  author, 
save  in  the  few  cases  where  such  productions  are 
from  the  pens  of  laymen, — which  fact  is  always 
stated  in  the  article. 

3.  At  the  end  of  the  Dictionary  the  reader  will 
find  forty  copious  Indexes  of  subjects,  by  the  means 
of  which  he  can  at  once  refer  to  all  the  authors  who 
have  written  upon  .any  given  department  of  letters. 

PmLADELPHIA,  StpUmbcTj  1864. 


Infrobuctioii  k  €arfe  O^nglblj  fittrmr  fistoxiT, 

WITH 

CHRONOLOGICAL  TABLES  OF  PROMINENT  AUTHORS  AND  THEffi  WORKS, 

FROM  A.D.  500  TO  A.D.  1850, 

^omc  giccttious  foi:  i\  (Loursc  M  6nglislr  |{c;iMng. 


Reading  is  that  art  by  which  I  am  enabled  to  avail 
myself  of  the  recorded  wisdom  of  mankind. 

As  the  results  of  Deliberation,  the  achievements 
of  Enterprise,  the  conclusions  of  Judgment,  and  the 
excursions  of  Fancy,  have,  to  a  large  extent,  been 
recorded  by  the  pen  and  diffused  by  the  Tress,  each 
individual  may  profit  by  the  labour  of  others,  and, 
without  diminishing  the  common  stock,  be  enriched 
from  the  Public  Treasury  of  Intellectual  Wealth. 
We  have  already  enlarged  upon  the  duty  of  mental 
acquisition,  and  to  this  effect  shown  the  necessity  of 
careful  selection,  that  we  may  not  waste  valuable 
time,  which  should  be  devoted  to  mental  and  moral 
improvement,  in  the  perusal  of  that  which  is  unpro- 
fitable, perhaps  positively  injurious,  in  its  tendency. 
(See  Preface.)  So  anxious  are  we  to  make  a  durable 
impression  upon  the  mind  of  the  reader,  th.at  we  shall 
reenforce  the  arguments  we  have  alre.idy  urged  to 
induce  him  to  become  a  diligent  student,  by  the  cita- 
tion of  some  weighty  opinions  as  to  the  value  of  good 
books,  and  the  inestimable  rewards  attend.aut  upon 
literary  research  and  intellectual  cultivation. 

That  eccentric  philosopher,  Robert  Burton,  after 
a  review  of  the  various  devices  which  are  used  to  ex- 
orcise the  "foul  fiend,"  Melancholy,  thus  continues: 
"  But  amongst  those  exercises,  or  recreations  of  the  mind 
within  doors,  there  is  none  so  general,  so  aptly  to  be  ap- 
plied to  all  sorts  of  men,  so  fit  and  proper  to  expel  idleness 
and  melancholy,  as  that  of  Stody  :  Studia  senectutem  oh- 
lectant,  ad  olescentiam  alunt,  secundas  res  ornant,  adversis 
perfugium  et  solatium  precbant,  domi  delectant,  &c.  [Study 
is  the  delight  of  old  age,  the  support  of  youth,  the  orna- 
ment of  prosperity,  the  solace  and  refuge  of  adversity,  the 
comfort  of  domestic  life,  Ac] ;  find  the  rest  in  TuUy  pro 

Archia   Poeta Who  is  he  that  is  now  wholly 

overcome  with  idleness,  or  otherwise  involved  in  a  laby- 
rinth of  worldly  care,  troubles,  and  discontents,  that  will 
not  be  much  lightened  in  his  mind  by  reading  of  some  en- 
ticing story,  true  or  feigned,  where,  as  in  a  glass,  he  shall 
observe  what  our  forefathers  have  done ;  the  beginnings, 
ruins,  falls,  periods  of  commonwealths,  private  men's  ac- 
tions, displayed  to  the  life,  &C.1   Plutarch  therefore  calls 


them,  secundas  mensas  et  lellaria,  the  second  course  and 
junkets,  because  they  were  usually  read  at  noblemen's 
feasts.  Who  is  not  earnestly  afl'ected  with  a  passionate 
speech,  well  penned,  an  elegant  poem,  or  some  pleasant 
bewitching  discourse,  like  that  of  Ueliodorus,  nbi  oMcctatio 
quccdam  placide  fitit,  cum  hilarilale  conjuucta  f  Julian, 
the  Apostate,  was  so  taken  with  an  oration  of  Libanius, 
the  sophister,  that,  as  he  confesseth,  he  could  not  be  quiet 
till  ho  had  read  it  all  out.  Legi  orationem  tuum  magna 
ex  parte,  hesterna  die  ante  prandium,  pransus  vero  sine  uUa 
intermissione  totam  absolvi.  0  argumenta  !  0  composi- 
tionem  !  [I  read  a  considerable  part  of  your  speech  before 
dinner,  but  after  I  had  dined  I  finished  it  completely.  Oh 
what  arguments,  what  elofiuence  !]....  To  most  kind 
of  men  it  is  an  extraordinary  delight  to  study.  For 
what  a  world  of  books  offers  itself,  in  all  subjects,  arts  and 
sciences,  to  the  sweet  consent  and  capacity  of  the  reader ! 
....  crcdi  mihi  (saith  one)  extinrjui  dulce  erit  Mnthe- 
maticanim  arlium  studio,  I  could  even  live  and  die  with 
such  meditations,  and  take  more  delight,  true  content  of 
mind  in  them,  than  thou  hast  in  all  thy  wealth  and  sport, 

how  rich  soever  thou  art The  like  pleasure  there 

is  in  all  other  studies,  to  such  as  are  truly  addicted  to 
them;  ea  suavitas  (one  holds)  ut  cum  quia  ea  derjustiice- 
rit,  quasi poculis  Circeis  captua,  non  p)osait  unquam  ab  illis 
dii-ctli;  the  like  sweetness,  which  as  Circe's  cup  bewitcheth 
a  student,  he  cannot  leave  off,  as  well  may  witness  those 
many  laborious  hours,  days  and  nights,  spent  in  the  vo- 
luminous treatises  written  by  them;  the  same  content. 
....  Whoever  he  is  therefore,  that  is  overrun  with 
solitariness,  or  carried  away  with  pleasing  melancholy  and 
vain  conceits,  and  for  want  of  employment  knows  not  how 
to  spend  his  time,  or  crucified  with  worldly  care,  I  can  pre- 
scribe him  no  better  remedy  than  this  of  study,  to  compose 

himself  to  the   learning  of  some    art    or   science 

So  sweet  is  the  delight  of  study,  the  more  learning  they 
have,  the  more  they  covet  to  learn,  and  the  last  day  is 
prioris  discijiulns." 

"  If  I  were  not  a  King,  I  would  be  a  University  man  ; 
and  if  it  were  so  that  I  must  he  a  prisoner,  if  I  might  have 
my  wish,  I  would  desire  to  have  no  other  prison  than  that 
libr.ary,  and  to  be  chained  together  with  so  many  good 
authors,  et  mortuis  mar/isler." — Speech  of  James  I. :  r/»r( 
1  to  the  Bodleian  Library,  1605. 

13^ 


14 


INTRODUCTION. 


"  I  no  sooner  como  into  the  library,  but  I  bolt  the  door 
to  me,  excluding  lust,  ambition,  avarice,  and  melancholy 
herself,  and  in  the  very  lap  of  eternity,  amongst  so  many 
divine  souls,  I  take  my  seat  with  so  lofty  a  spirit  and  sweet 
content,  that  I  pity  all  our  great  ones,  and  rich  men  that 
know  not  this  happiness." — Heinsius,  Keeper  of  the  Li- 
brary at  Leyden :  Epist.  Primiero.  Vide  Burton's  Aiiato- 
tny  of  Melancholy, 

The  reader  will  find  in  D'Israeli's  Curiosities  of 
Literature  an  imitation  of  Rantzau's  classical  address 
to  his  books — Salvcte  aureoli  met  libellij  &c. : 

*' Golden  volumes  !  richest  treasures! 
Objects  of  delicious  pleasures!  -,    _: 

You  my  eyes  rejoicing  please, 
You  my  hands  in  rapture  seize ! 
Brilliant  wits,  and  musing  sages, 
Lights  who  beam'd  through  many  ages; 
Left  to  your  conscious  leaves  their  story. 
And  dared  to  trust  you  with  their  glory; 
And  now  their  hope  of  fame  achieved, 
Dear  volumes  !  you  have  not  deceived !" 

The  friends  of  the  recluse  of  Vaucluse  apologized 
to  him  for  the  length  of  time  between  their  visits : 

"  It  is  impossible  for  us  to  follow  your  example  :  the  life 
you  lead  is  contrary  to  human  nature.  In  winter,  you  sit 
like  an  owl,  in  the  chimney  corner.  In  summer,  you  are 
running  incessantly  about  the  fields." 

Petrarch  smiled  at  these  observations : 
"These  people,"  said  he,  "consider  the  pleasures  of  the 
world  as  the  supreme  good,  and  cannot  bear  the  idea  of 
renouncing  them.  I  have  Friends,  whose  society  is  ex- 
tremely agreeable  to  me  :  they  are  of  all  ages,  and  of  every 
country.  They  have  distinguished  themselves  both  in  the 
cabinet  and  in  the  field,  and  obtained  high  honours  for 
their  knowledge  of  the  sciences.  It  is  easy  to  gain  access 
to  them;  for  they  are  always  at  my  service,  and  I  admit 
them  to  my  company,  and  dismiss  them  from  it,  whenever 
I  please.  They  are  never  troublesome,  but  immediately 
answer  every  question  I  ask  them.  Some  relate  to  me  the 
events  of  past  ages,  while  others  reveal  to  me  the  secrets 
of  nature.  Some  teach  me  how  to  live,  and  others  how  to 
die.  Some,  by  their  vivacity,  drive  away  my  cares  and  ex- 
hilarate my  spirits,  while  others  give  fortitude  to  my  mind, 
and  teach  me  the  important  lesson  how  to  restrain  my  de- 
sires, and  to  depend  wholly  on  myself.  They  open  to  me, 
in  short,  the  various  avenues  of  all  the  arts  and  sciences, 
and  upon  their  information  I  safely  rely,  in  all  emergencies. 
In  return  for  all  these  services,  they  only  ask  me  to  accom- 
modate them  with  a  convenient  chamber  in  some  corner 
of  my  humble  habitation,  where  they  may  repose  in  peace : 
for  these  friends  are  more  delighted  by  the  tranquillity  of 
retirement,  than  with  the  tumults  of  society." 

Is  not  this  an  exquisite  picture  of  the  mine  of 

boundless  wealth,  of  the  unfailing  luxurious  repast, 
which  that  man  possesses  who  has  a  taste  for  Read- 
ing and  Study? 

"  Bookes  lookt  on  as  to  their  Readers  or  Authours,  do  at 
the  very  first  mention,  challenge  Preheminence  above  the 
Worlds  admired  fine  things.  Books  are  the  Qlasse  of 
Counsell  to  dross  ourselves  by.  They  are  lifes  best  busi- 
ness :  Vocation  to  these  hath  more  Emolument  coming  in, 
than  all  the  other  busic  Tcrmes  of  life.  They  are  Feelesse 
Counsellours,  no  delaying  Patrons,  of  easie  Accesse,  and 
kind  Expedition,  never  sending  away  empty  any  Client  or 
Petitioner.  They  are  for  Company,  the  best  Friends;  in 
doubts,  Counsellours ;  in  Damp,  Comforters ;  Time's  Per- 


spective ;  the  home  Traveller's  Ship,  or  Horse,  the  busie 
man's  best  Recreation,  the  Opiate  of  Idle  weariness ;  the 
mind's  best  Ordinary;  Nature's  Garden  and  Seed-plot  of 
Immortality.  Time  spent  (needlessly)  from  them,  is  con- 
sumed, but  with  them,  twice  gain'd.  Time  captivated  and 
snatched  from  thee,  by  Incursions  of  business.  Thefts  of 
Visitants,  or  by  thy  own  Carelessnesso  lost,  is  by  these,  re- 
deemed in  life;  they  are  the  soul's  Viaticum;  and  against 
death  its  Cordiall.  In  a  true  verdict,  no  such  Treasure  as 
a  Library." 

Good  old  Bishop  Hall  is  eloquent  on  the  same 
theme : 

meditation  on  the  sight  of  a  large  libbabt. 

"  What  a  world  of  thought  is  here  packed  up  together  ! 
I  know  not  whether  this  sight  doth  more  dismay,  or  com- 
fort me.  It  dismays  me  to  think  that  here  is  so  much  that 
I  cannot  know;  it  comforts  me  to  think  that  this  variety 

affords  so  much  assistance  to  know  what  I  should 

What  a  happiness  is  it,  that  without  the  aid  of  necromancy, 
I  can  here  call  up  any  of  the  ancient  worthies  of  learning, 
whether  human  or  divine,  and  confer  with  them  upon  all 
my  doubts  ;  that  I  can  at  pleasure  summon  whole  synods 
of  reverend  fathers  and  acute  doctors  from  all  the  coasts 
of  the  earth,  to  give  their  well-studied  judgments  in  all 
doubtful  points  which  I  propose.  Nor  can  I  cast  my  eye 
casually  upon  any  of  these  silent  masters,  but  I  must  learn 
somewhat.  It  is  a  wantonness  to  complain  of  choice.  No 
law  binds  us  to  read  all ;  but  the  more  we  can  take  in  and 
digest,  the  greater  will  be  our  improvement. 

"Blessed  be  God.  who  hath  set  up  so  many  clear  lamps 
in  his  church ;  none  but  the  wilfully  blind  can  plead  dark- 
ness. And  blessed  be  the  memory  of  those,  his  faithful 
servants,  who  have  left  their  blood,  their  spirits,  their  lives 
in  these  precious  papers  ;  and  have  willingly  wasted  them- 
selves into  these  enduring  monuments  to  give  light  to 
others." 

"Books,  as  Dryden  has  aptly  termed  them,  are  specta- 
cles to  read  Nature.  Eschylus  and  Aristotle,  Shakspeare, 
and  Bacon,  are  Priests  who  preach  and  expound  the  mys- 
teries of  Man  and  the  Universe.  They  teach  us  to  under- 
stand and  feci  what  we  see,  to  decipher  and  syllable  the 
hieroglyphics  of  the  senses." — Hare. 

The  advice  of  Lord  Bacon  to  Chief  Justice  Coke 
should  be  pondered  by  every  one  desirous  of  mental 
improvement: 

"For  Friends,  although  your  Lordship  he  scant,  yet  I 
hope  you  are  not  altogether  destitute ;  if  you  be,  do  but 
look  upon  good  Books  :  they  are  true  Friends,  that  will 
neither  flatter  nor  dissemble :  be  you  but  true  to  yourself, 
applying  that  which  they  teach  unto  the  party  grieved,  and 
you  shall  need  no  other  comfort  nor  counsel.  To  them, 
and  to  God's  Holy  Spirit  directing  you  in  the  reading  of 
them,  I  commend  your  Lordship." 

"  Let  us  consider  how  great  a  commodity  of  doctrine 
exists  in  books  ;  how  easily,  how  secretly,  how  safely  they 
expose  the  nakedness  of  human  ignorance,  without  putting 
it  to  shame.  These  are  the  masters  who  instruct  us  with- 
out rods  and  ferniles,  without  hard  words  and  anger,  with- 
out clothes  or  money.  If  you  approach  them,  they  are  not 
asleep ;  if  investigating  you  interrogate  them,  they  conceal 
nothing;  if  you  mistake  them,  they  never  grumble;  if  you 
are  ignorant,  they  cannot  laugh  at  you." — Richard  db 
Bory:  Philobihliau, 

"Books  are  not  absolutely  dead  things,  but  do  contain  a 
progeny  of  life  in  them,  to  be  as  active  as  that  soul  was, 
whose  progeny  they  are ;  nay,  they  do  preserve,  as  in  a 


INTRODUCTION. 


15 


vial,  the  purest  eflBcacy  and  extraction  of  that  living  intel- 
lect that  bred  them.  I  know  they  are  as  lively  and  as 
vigorously  productive  as  those  fabulous  dragon's  teeth; 
and,  being  sown  up  and  down,  may  chance  to  spring  up 
armed  men.  As  good  almost  to  kill  a  man,  as  kill  a  good 
book  :  who  kills  a  man,  kills  a  reasonable  creature — God*s 
image ;  but  he  who  destroys  a  good  book,  kills  reason  it- 
self—kills the  image  of  God,  as  it  were,  in  the  eye.  Many 
a  man  lives  a  burden  to  the  earth ;  but  a  good  book  is  the 
precious  life-blood  of  a  master-spirit,  embalmed  and  trea- 
sured up  on  purpose  to  a  life  beyond  life." — John  Milton. 

"  Here  is  the  best  solitary  company  in  the  world,  and  in 
this  particular,  chiefly  excelling  any  other,  that  in  my  study 
I  am  sure  to  converse  with  none  but  wise  men  ;  but  abroad 
it  is  impossible  for  me  to  avoid  the  society  of  fools.  What 
an  advantage  have  I,  by  this  good  fellowship,  that,  besides 
the  help  which  I  receive  from  hence,  in  reference  to  my 
life  after  this  life,  I  can  enjoy  the  life  of  so  many  ages  be- 
fore I  lived  !  That  I  can  be  acquainted  with  the  passages 
of  three  or  four  thousand  years  ago,  as  if  they  were  the 
weekly  occurrences.  Here,  without  travelling  so  far  as 
Endor,  I  can  call  up  the  ablest  spirits  of  those  times,  the 
learnedest  philosophers,  the  wisest  counsellors,  the  greatest 
generals,  and  make  them  serviceable  to  me.  I  can  make 
bold  with  the  best  jewels  they  have  in  their  treasury,  with 
the  same  freedom  that  the  Israelites  borrowed  of  the  Egyp- 
tians, and,  without  suspicion  of  felony,  make  use  of  them 
as  mine  own." — Sir  William  AValler:  Meditation  upon 
the  Contentment  I  have  in  my  Books  and  Study. 

"  That  place  that  does 
Contain  my  books,  the  best  companions,  is 
To  me  a  glorious  court,  where  hourly  I 
Converse  with  the  old  sages  and  philosophers ; 
And  sometimes  for  variety,  I  confer 
With  kings  and  emperors,  and  weigh  their  counsels, 
Calling  their  victories,  if  unjustly  got. 
Unto  a  strict  account;  and  in  my  fancy, 
Deface  their  ill-placed  statues.     Can  I  then 
Part  with  such  constant  pleasures,  to  embrace 
Uncertain  vanities?     No:  be  it  your  care 
To  augment  a  heap  of  wealth ;  it  shall  be  mine 
To  increase  in  knowledge."  Fletcher. 

"Books  should  to  one  of  these  four  ends  conduce, 
1       Tor  wisdom,  piety,  delight,  or  use."  Benham. 

"  To  divert,  at  any  time,  a  troublesome  fancy,  run  to  thy 
Books.  They  presently  fix  thee  to  them,  and  drive  the 
other  out  of  thy  thoughts.  They  always  receive  thee  with 
the  same  kindness." — Fuller. 

"  It  is  manifest  that  all  government  of  action  is  to  be  got- 
ten by  knowledge,  and  knowledge,  best,  by  gathering  many 
knowledges,  which  is  Heading." — Sir  Philip  Sidney. 

"Education  begins  the  gentleman,  but  READiJfG,  good 
company,  and  reflection,  must  finish  him." — Locke. 

"Books  are  part  of  man's  prerogative; 
In  formal  ink  they  thought  and  voices  hold. 
That  we  to  them  our  solitude  may  give, 
And  make  time  present  travel  that  of  old. 
Our  life,  Fame  pieceth  longer  at  the  end, 
And  Books  it  farther  backward  doth  extend." 

Sir  Thomas  Overbury. 

**  Knowledge  of  Books  in  a  man  of  business,  is  as  a  torch 
in  the  hands  of  one  who  is  willing  and  able  to  show  those 
who  are  bewildered  the  way  which  leads  to  prosperity  and 
welfare." — Spectator. 

"  Like  friends,  we  should  return  to  Books  again  and 


again ;  for,  like  true  friends,  they  will  never  fail  us, — never 
cease  to  instruct, — never  cloy." — Joineriana. 

"Books  are  standing  counsellors  and  preachers,  always 
at  hand,  and  always  disinterested;  having  this  advantage 
over  oral  instructors,  that  they  are  ready  to  repeat  their 
lesson  as  often  as  we  please." — Anon. 

"  In  England,  where  there  are  as  many  new  books  pub- 
lished, as  in  all  the  rest  of  Europe  put  together,  a  spirit  of 
freedom  and  reason  reigns  among  the  people  ;  they  have 
been  often  known  to  act  like  fools,  they  are  generally  found 

to  think  like  men An  author  may  be  considered  aa 

a  merciful  substitute  to  the  legislature.     He  acts  not  by- 
punishing  crimes,  but  by  preventing  them." — Goldsmith. 

"  Next  to  acquiring  good  friends,  the  best  acquisition  is 
that  of  good  books." — Colton. 

"Young  men  should  not  be  discouraged  from  buying 
books  :  much  may  depend  upon  it.  It  is  said  of  Whiston, 
that  the  accidental  purchase  of  Tacquet's  own  Euclid  at  an 
auction,  first  occasioned  his  apjdicatioa  to  mathematical 
studies." — Biography  of  Whiston, 

"  The  foundation  of  knowledge  must  be  laid  by  reading. 
General  principles  must  bo  had  from  books;  which,  how- 
ever, must  bo  brought  to  the  tost  of  real  life.  In  conver- 
sation, you  never  get  a  system.  What  is  said  upon  a 
subject,  is  to  be  gathered  from  a  hundred  people.  The 
parts  which  a  man  gets  thus,  are  at  such  a  distance  from 
each  other,  that  he  never  attains  to  a  full  view." — Dr. 
Samuel  Johnson. 

"  Books  are  men  of  higher  stature, 
And  the  only  men  that  speak  aloud  for  future  times  to  hear." 
Elizabeth  B.  Barrett, 

"  The  past  but  lives  in  words  ;  a  thousand  ages 
Were  blank,  if  books  had  not  evoked  their  ghosts. 
And  kept  the  pale  unbodied  shades  to  warn  us 
From  fleshless  lips."  E.  L.  Bulwer. 

"  It  is  books  that  teach  us  to  refine  our  pleasures  when 
young,  and  which,  having  so  taught  us,  enable  us  to  recall 
them  with  satisfaction  when  old." — Leigh  Hunt. 

"  Were  I  to  pray  for  a  taste  which  should  stand  me  in 
stead  under  every  variety  of  circumstances,  and  be  a  source 
of  happiness  and  cheerfulness  to  me  during  life,  and  a 
shield  against  its  ills,  however  things  might  go  amiss,  and 
the  world  frown  upon  me,  it  would  be  a  taste  for  read- 
ing. Give  a  man  this  taste,  and  the  means  of  gratifying 
it,  and  you  can  hardly  fail  of  making  him  a  happy  man; 
unless,  indeed,  you  put  into  his  hands  a  most  perverse 
selection  of  Books.  You  place  him  in  contact  with  the  best 
society  in  every  period  of  history, — with  the  wisest,  the 
wittiest,  the  tenderest,  the  bravest,  and  the  purest  characters 
who  have  adorned  humanity.  You  make  him  a  denizen 
of  all  nations,  a  contemporary  of  all  ages.  The  world  has 
been  created  fur  him!" — Sir  John  Herschel:  Address  at 
the  Opening  of  the  Eton  Library,  1S33. 

"  In  the  best  Books  great  men  talk  to  us,  with  us,  and 
give  us  their  most  precious  thoughts.  Books  are  the  voices 
of  the  distant  and  the  dead.  Books  are  the  true  levellers. 
They  give  to  all  who  will  faithfully  use  them,  the  society 
and  the  presence  of  the  best  and  greatest  of  our  race.  No 
matter  how  poor  I  am;  no  matter,  though  the  prosperous 
of  my  own  time  will  not  enter  my  obscure  dwelling;  if 
learned  Men  and  Poets  will  enter  and  take  up  their 
abode  under  my  roof — if  Milton  will  cross  my  threshold 
to  sing  to  me  of  Paradise;  and  Shakspeare  open  to  me 
the  worlds  of  imagination,  and  the  workings  of  the  human 
heart;  and  Franklin  enrich  me  with  his  practical  wisdom, 


16 


INTRODUCTION. 


—I  shall  not  pine  for  want  of  intellectual  companionship, 
and  I  may  become  a  cultivated  man,  though  excluded  from 
what  is  called  the  hest  society  in  the  place  where  I  live. 
....  I  know  how  hard  it  is  to  some  men,  especially  to 
those  who  spend  much  time  in  manual  labour,  to  fix  atten- 
tion on  Books.  Let  them  strive  to  overcome  the  difficulty, 
by  choosing  subjects  of  deep  interest,  or  by  reading  in 
company  with  those  they  love.  Nothing  can  supply  the 
place  of  Books.  They  are  cheering  or  soothing  compa- 
nions in  solitude,  illness,  affliction.  The  wealth  of  both 
continents  would  not  compensate  for  the  good  they  impart. 
Let  every  man,  if  possible,  gather  some  good  Books  under 
his  roof,  and  obtain  access  for  himself  and  family  to  some 
social  Library.  Almoet  any  luxury  should  bo  sacrificed  to 
this." — William  Ellert  Channing:  Self-Culture. 

"  If  the  crowns  of  all  the  kingdoms  of  Europe  were  laid 
down  at  my  feet  in  exchange  for  my  Books  and  my  love  of 
Reading,  I  would  spurn  them  alL"— Archbishop  Fenelon. 

"A  taste  for  Books  is  the  pleasure  and  glory  of  my 
life.  I  would  not  exchange  it  for  the  glory  of  the  Indies." 
— Edward  Gibbon. 

And  now,  gentle  reader,  having  evoked  so  many 
of  the  "mighty  and  the  noble, "  who,  gathering  around 
thee,  a  "cloud  of  witnesses,"  have  sought  to  stimu- 
late thy  ambition  by  pointing  to  the  "  ample  page  of 
knowledge,  rich  with  the  spoils  of  time,"  let  me  hope 
that  a  spirit  hath  been  aroused  within  thee  which 
will  induce  thee  to  enter  in  and  possess  the  wealth 
of  the  laud  :  a  goodly  heritage  is  before  thee ;  and 
like  the  chosen  people  of  old,  thou  shalt  be  enriched 
by  the  labours  of  thy  predecessors,  and  rejoice  in 
abundance  of  good. 

But  if  thy  heart  tells  thee  that  thou  hast  no  taste 
for  these  delights,  if  thou  still  preferrest  sensuous 
pleasures,  if  "divine  philosophy,  though  musical  as 
is  Apollo's  lute,"  be  harsh  and  crabbed  to  thy  appre- 
hension, and  the  harp  and  the  viol  of  earthly  banquets 
allure  thee,  and  thou  be  of  those  who  "rejoice  at  the 
Bound  of  the  organ,"  the  ceremonies  of  bravery  and 
the  trappings  of  courts,  "the  pomp  of  heraldry  and 
the  boast  of  power,"  put  by  this  volume,  aud  go  thy 
■way.  Thy  stolidity  is  impregnable ;  array  thyself 
■with  the  cap  and  bells,  and  engage  thy  passage  in 
Barclay's  Shyp  of  Foyls  (q.  nom.) :  thy  "  talk  is  of 
bullocks,"  and  of  such  the  Son  of  Sirach  says : 

"  They  shall  not  be  sought  for  in  public  council,  nor  sit 
high  in  the  congregation  :  they  shall  not  sit  on  the  judges' 
seal,  nor  understand  the  sentence  of  the  judgment :  they 
cannot  declare  justice  and  judgment;  and  they  shall  not 
be  found  where  parables  are  spoken All  their  de- 
sire is  in  the  work  of  their  craft." 

The  History  of  England,  as  connected  with  a  review 
of  English  Literature,  may  be  divided  into  six  terms. 

1.  The  British  Period  :  from  the  earliest  times  to  the 

Roman  Invasion,  B.  C.  55. 

2.  The  Roman  Period,  B.  C.  55,  A.  D.  440. 

3.  The  Anglo-Saxon  Period,  A.D.  449,  A.  D.  1066. 

4.  The  Anglo-Norman  Period:  from  the  invasion  of 

William  the  Conqueror,  A.  D.  10G6,  to  the  acces- 
sion of  Henry  the  Third,  A.  D.  1216. 

5.  From  the  accession  of  Henry  III.,  A.D.  1216,  to 

the  accession  of  Elizabeth,  A.  D.  1558. 
C.  From  the  accession  of  Elizabeth,  A.  D.  1558,  to  the 
middle  of  the  nineteenth  century. 


In  this  division  we  have  not  adhered  to  the  classifi- 
cation of  some  preceding  writers,  but  we  trust  that 
we  have  not  innovated  without  sufficient  excuse.  The 
death  of  Stephen  de  Langton,  in  1228,  coincides  so 
nearly  with  the  accession  of  Henry  III.  in  1216,  that 
the  synchronism  offers  a  convenient  boundary  for  the 
Anglo-Norman  period.  The  reign  of  Henry  III.  is 
likewise  historically  memorable  as  that  which  wit- 
nessed the  shooting  forth  of  that  feeble  germ  (the 
popular  element)  which  has  now  become  so  great  a 
tree,  that  the  Throne  and  the  Altar,  which  once  ob- 
structed its  growth,  now  repose  only  in  safety  under 
its  branches. 

The  advent  of  the  English  doctrinal  Reformation 
cannot  well  be  dated  before  the  accession  of  Elizabeth, 
and  the  literary  lustre  of  that  reign  affords  a  strong 
argument  for  its  being  adopted  as  a  boundary  between 
the  servility  of  the  Latiu  period,  and  the  vigorous 
adolescence  of  the  English  tongue.  We  need  hardly 
explain  that  we  use  these  terms  respectively,  in  a 
chronological  and  philological  acceptation,  ■\vithout 
any  reference  to  the  intellectual  calibre  of  the  writers 
of  these  epochs. 

In  the  earliest  times  of  which  we  have  any  record, 
we  find  the  Celts,  Cymry,  AVelsh,  or  Britons,  the  in- 
habitants of  the  British  isles.  The  origin  of  the  early 
population  is  involved  in  obscurity.  The  theory  pro- 
pounded by  the  Welsh  priest,  Tysilio,  in  the  seventh 
century,  and  gravely  alleged  by  Edward  I.,  in  his  let- 
ter to  Boniface,  in  the  fourteenth, — that  the  inhabit- 
ants of  the  southern  part  of  Britain  were  descended 
from  the  Trojans, — is  now  generally  discredited  by 
antiquaries.  Of  conjectures,  of  course,  there  is  no 
end;  and  we  have  Aylett  Sammes,  contending  for 
the  Phoenician  origin  of  the  first  colonizers  of  Bri- 
tain and  Ireland;  Sir  William  Betham,  who  insists 
upon  awariUng  the  priority  of  occupation  to  the  Picts, 
or  Cimbri  of  antiquity,  and  many  other  theories  as 
ingenious  as  they  are  incapable  of  demonstration. 
Of  the  language  of  this  people  we  know  but  little  : 

"  Though  the  Britaina  or  Welch  were  the  first  possessors 
of  this  island  whose  names  are  recorded,  and  are  therefore 
in  civil  history  always  considered  as  the  predecessors  of 
the  present  inhabitants;  yet  the  deduction  of  the  English 
language,  from  the  earliest  times  of  which  we  have  any 
knowledge,  to  its  present  state,  requires  no  mention  of 
them  :  for  we  have  so  few  words  which  can,  with  any  pro- 
bability, be  referred  to  British  roots,  that  we  justly  regard 
the  Saxons  and  Welch,  as  nations  totally  distinct." — Dr. 
Samuel  Johnson. 

"  The  language  of  Britain  differed  very  little  from  that 
of  the  Gaul.  Some  of  the  British  tribes  seem  to  have  como 
from  Celtic,  and  others  from  Belgic,  Gaul ;  but  it  is  prob.o- 
ble,  as  indeed  Strabo  distinctly  assures  us,  that  the  Celts 
and  the  Belgians  spoke  merely  two  slightly  differing  dia- 
lects of  the  same  tongue.  The  evidence  of  the  most  ancient 
names  of  localities  throughout  the  whole  of  South  Britain 
confirms  this  account;  everywhere  these  names  appear  to 
belong  to  one  language,  and  that  the  same  which  is  still 
spoken  by  the  native  Irish,  and  the  Scotch  Highlanders; 
the  latter  of  whom  call  themselves,  to  this  day,  Gaels  or 
Gauls." — Uistory  of  England. 

The  English  language  is  a  branch  of  the  Teutonic, 
or  Gothic,  which  is  the  mother-tongue  of  many  dia- 
lects now  prevailing  in  several  of  the  countries  of 


INTRODUCTION. 


17 


Europe.     Dr.  Hickes  gives  the  following  genealogical 
table : 

GOTHIC. 


Anglo-Saxon, 
Dutch, 

Frisick, 
English, 


Francick, 
German, 


Cimbrick, 

Islaudick, 

Norwegian, 

Swedish, 

Danish. 


*'  What  was  the  form  of  the  Saxon  language  when,  about 
the  year  t50,  they  first  entered  Britain j  cannot  now  be 
known.  They  seem  to  have  been  a  people  without  learn- 
ing, and  very  probably  without  an  alphabet ;  their  speech, 
therefore,  having  been  always  cursory  and  extemporaneous, 
must  have  been  artless  and  unconnected,  without  any 
modes  of  transition  or  involution  of  clauses ;  which  alirupt- 
ness  and  inconnection  maybe  observed  even  in  their  later 
writings.  This  barbarity  may  bo  supposed  to  have  con- 
tinued during  their  wars  with  the  JiriUiins,  which  for  a 
time  left  them  no  leisure  for  softer  studies ;  nor  is  there 
any  reason  for  supposing  it  abated  till  the  year  570,  when 
AtHjnstiiie  came  from  Rome  to  convert  them  to  Christianity. 
The  Christian  religion  always  imijlies  or  produces  a  certain 
degree  of  civility  and  learning;  they  then  became  by  de- 
grees acquainted  with  the  Roman  language,  and  so  gained, 
from  time  to  time,  some  knowledge  and  elegance,  till  in 
three  centuries  they  had  formed  a  language  capable  of  ex- 
pressing all  the  sentiments  of  a  civilized  people,  as  appears 
by  King  Alfred's  paraphrase  in  imitation  of  Boethius,  and 
his  short  preface,  which  I  have  selected  as  the  first  speci- 
men of  ancient  English." — Dr.  Samdel  Johnson, 

About  1150,  the  Saxon  began  to  take  the  form 
which  was  gradually  moulded  to  the  proportions  of 
the  modern  English,  though  not  without  a  most  im- 
portant admixture  of  other  elements.  After  the  Nor- 
m.an  conquest,  many  Saxon  words  became  obsolete, 
and  Latin  and  French  shoots  were  from  time  to  time 
grafted  upon  the  present  stock,  until  in  the  fourteenth 
and  fifteenth  centuries  it  began  to  assume  the  form  of 
modern  English.  YetGower  and  Chaucer  are  more  of 
a  task  than  a  pleasure  to  the  ordinary  English  reader. 

"Nothing  can  be  more  difficult  than  to  determine,  except 
by  an  arbitrary  line,  the  commencement  of  the  English 
language;  not  so  much,  as  in  those  of  the  continent,  be- 
cause we  are  in  want  of  materials,  but  rather  from  an 
opposite  reason — tho  possibility  of  tracing  a  very  gradual 
accession  of  verbal  changes  that  ended  in  a  change  of  de- 
nomination. For  when  we  compare  the  earliest  English 
of  the  thirteenth  century  with  tho  Anglo-Saxon  of  the 
twelfth,  it  seems  hard  to  pronounce  why  it  should  pass  for 
a  separate  language,  rather  th.an  a  modification  or  simpli- 
fication of  the  former.  Wo  must  conform,  however,  to 
usage,  and  say  that  the  Anglo-Saxon  was  converted  into 
EngUsh — 1,  by  contracting,  or  otherwise  modifying,  the 
pronunciation  and  orthography  of  words;  2,  by  omitting 
many  inflections,  especially  of  the  noun,  and  consequently 
making  more  use  of  articles  and  auxiliaries ;  3,  by  the 
introduction  of  French  derivations  ;  4,  by  using  less  inver- 
sion and  ellipsis,  espechilly  in  poetry.  Of  these,  the  second 
alone,  I  think,  can  be  considered  as  sufficient  to  describe  a 
new  form  of  language ;  and  this  was  brought  about  so 
gradually,  that  wo  are  not  relieved  of  much  of  our  difficulty, 
whether  some  compositions  shall  pass  for  the  latest  offspring 
of  the  mother,  or  the  earliest  fruit  of  the  fertility  of  the 
daughter." — Hallam. 

That  eminent  philologer,  Dr.  Webstck,  has  been 


taken  to  task  for  asserting  at  the  conclusion  of  some 
quotations  from  the  Laws  of  Kings  .^thelbert  and 
Eadgar,  that  "  we  observe  by  these  extracts  that 
rather  more  than  half  the  Saxon  words  have  been 
lost,  and  now  form  no  part  of  our  language." 
The  Dr.  subsequently  remarks : 

"Mr.  Meidinger  of  Frankfort,  in  the  Introduction  to  hia 
Etymological  and  Comparative  Dictionary  of  the  Teuto- 
Gothic  Languages,  notices  this  observation  of  mine,  respect- 
ing tho  proportion  of  Saxon  words  which  have  been  lost, 
and  then  states  the  opinion  of  Mr.  Turner,  that  more  than 
four-Jiftlis  of  the  words  in  modern  English  are  of  Saxon 
origin.  This  difference  in  the  two  statements  proceeds 
from  a  circumstance  overlooked.  My  statement  refers  only 
to  the  actual  proportion  of  Saxon  words  retained  in  tho 
vocabulary,  which  is  probably  less  than  half  of  the  whoh) 
number  of  words  in  the  language.  Mr.  Turner's  state- 
ment refers  to  the  proportion  of  Saxon  words  actually  nsed 
in  our  common  language,  which  is,  doubtless,  as  great  as 
he  represents  it.  The  words  of  Saxon  origin  are  the  more 
necessary  words  ;  such  as  are  wanted  in  all  the  common 
concerns  of  life ;  and  therefore  in  use  they  compose  tho 
body  of  the  language." — Introduction  to  Webster's  Eng- 
linh  Dictianari/, 

It  will  be  observed  that  we  do  not  profess  to  enter 
into  the  learning  of  philological  investigation,  or  to 
discuss  the  many  modern  dissertations  upon  this  in- 
teresting department  of  study.  Such  a  departure 
from  our  plan  would  be  altogether  unjustifiable.  The 
reader  who  desires  to  pursue  this  subject  will  find 
valuable  guides  in  the  prefaces  and  introductions  to 
Johnson's,  Webster's,  and  Richaedsom's  DictioB- 
,aries,  and  in  the  works  of  Lte,  Boswokth,  Tuobpe, 
Pegoe,  Payne,  Clark,  Welsfokd,  Harrison,  La- 
TUAM,  Sava(;e,  Maclean,  Marcet,  &c. 

Having  taken  a,  hasty  review  of  the  language,  we 
now  proceed  to  the  examination  of  the  literature  of 
our  ancestors. 

The  first  two  periods  of  our  classification — the 
British  and  the  Roman — afford  nothing  to  arrest  our 
attention  : 

"  Whatever  existed  in  those  remote  times  deserving  tha 
name  of  learning  or  scientific  knowledge,  never  having 
been  committed  to  writing,  and  having  consequently  pe- 
rished with  the  general  subversion  of  the  order  of  things 
then  established,  cannot  bo  regarded  as  having  been  even 
tho  beginning  or  rudimental  germ  of  that  which  we  now 
possess.  The  present  literary  civilization  of  England  dates 
its  commencement  only  from  the  Saxon  period,  and  not 
from  a  very  early  point  in  that." 

The  first  name  in  the  catalogue  of  Anglo-Saxon 
writers  is  that  of  Gildas,  said  by  William  of  Malms- 
bury  and  Johannes  Glastoniensis,  to  have  died  A.D. 
512,  which  early  date  is  inconsistent  with  other  state- 
ments in  which  his  name  occurs.  Gildas  is  repre- 
sented to  have  been  a  zealous  missionary,  the  son  of 
Cam  or  Ken,  a  British  king,  who  reigned  iu  the  dis- 
trict of  Alcluyd,  (Dumb.arton.)  To  this  writer,  is 
ascribed,  by  Bede,  a  tract  (in  Latin)  on  British  His- 
tory under  the  Romans,  and  during  the  Saxon  inva- 
sion, &c.  This  work  de  Excidio  Brilannica-  is  chiefly 
compiled  from  Roman  writers.  Giraldus  Cambren- 
sis  mentions  the  epigrams  of  Gildas ;  and  Geiffrey 
of  Monmouth,  John   Brompton,   and   Bale,    ascribe 


18 


INTRODUCTION. 


theological  and  other  treatises  to  this  author.  So  far 
are  we  remoTeil  from  certainty  on  these  questions, 
that  whilst  some  contend  for  two  of  the  name,  others 
deny  that  Gildas  is  any  thing  more  than  a  fabulous 
personage. 

We  may  remark,  in  pursuing  our  subject,  that  it 
will  be  unnecessary  for  us  to  enter  here  into  any  his- 
torical details  of  the  writers  we  shall  mention ;  as 
those  of  any  importance  will  be  treated  of  in  the 
body  of  this  work. 

The  reader  should  carefully  peruse  the  Biographia 
Brilannica  Literaria,  Anglo-Saxon  Period,  1  vol., 
Lon.,  1842  ;  Anglo-Norman  Period,  1  vol.,  Lon.,  18413, 
by  that  eminent  scholar,  Thomas  Wright,  A.  M., 
Corresponding  Member  of  the  Institute  of  France, 
(Academie  des  Inscriptions  et  Bdles-Lettres,)  published 


under  the  superintendence  of  the  Council  of  the 
Royal  Society  of  Literature.  To  these  works  we 
have  been  largely  indebted  for  our  notices  of  the 
writers  of  this  early  age,  and  have  had  so  much  con- 
fidence in  Mr.  Wright's  accuracy,  that  we  have  in- 
corporated large  portions  of  his  sketches  of  eminent 
authors,  as  Bede,  Alfred,  Neckham,  &c.,  into  our 
work,  without  notice  of  other  authorities  upon  the 
same  subjects.  This  is  the  only  case  in  which  we 
have  so  closely  followed  our  authority ;  of  course 
credit  has  been  given  to  Mr.  Wright  at  the  conclusion 
of  the  articles,  for  the  matter  thus  borrowed.  We 
shall  increase  our  obligations  to  this  learned  gentle- 
man by  presenting  the  reader  with  the  following 
tables  of  the  writers  of  the  Anglo-Saxon  aud  Anglo- 
Norman  periods,  extracted  from  the  Biog.  Brit.  Lit. : 


ANGLO-S.VXON  PERIOD. 


A.I). 

A.D. 

A.  D. 

530-GOO.  Gildas. 

740. 

Acca, 

H 

fl. 

956. 

Fridegode. 

Nennius. 

732. 

Albinus, 

5 

984. 

Ethelwold. 

St.  Columbanus. 

739. 

Nothhelm, 

(S 

988. 

Dunstan. 

)ied    709.  Wilfred. 

745. 

Daniel, 

p 

992. 

Oswald. 

C90.  Benedict  Biscop. 

740. 

Ethelwald, 

"3 

974. 

Aio. 

c.    680.  Ctedmon. 

after    737. 

Forthhere, 

§. 

988. 

Fulbertus. 

704.  Adamnan. 

after    731. 

Hwebert, 

o 

c 

in 

Bricstan. 

705.  Haeddi,  or  Hedda. 

Plegwin, 

fl. 

980. 

Lantfredus. 

709.  Aldhelm. 

Withred, 

TO 

fl. 

990. 

Wolstan. 

c.    718.  Egwin. 

Cuthbert, 

a 

fl. 

980. 

Bridferth. 

720.  Eddius  Stephanus. 

797. 

Ethelbert. 

fl. 

990. 

Alfrio  of  Malmsbury. 

721.  John  of  Beverley. 

Ethelwolf. 

1006. 

Alfric  of  Canterbury. 

716.  Ceolfrid. 

lUcuil. 

Adalard. 

729.  Egbert. 

868. 

Swithun. 

1051. 

Alfric  Bata. 

721.  Eadfrith. 

877. 

Neot. 

1008. 

Cynewulf,  or  Kenulf. 

726.  Tobias. 

901. 

King  Alfred. 

1023. 

Wulfstan. 

731.  Berctwald. 

910. 

Asser. 

fl. 

1010. 

Oswald, 

734.  Tatwine. 

923. 

Plegmund. 

1038. 

Ethelnoth, 

fl.    730.  Felix. 

915. 

Werferth. 

fl. 

1020. 

Haymo  of  York, 

738.  Wilbrord. 

897. 

Denewulf. 

.. 

1054. 

Haymo  of  Canter- 

735. Bede. 

903. 

Grimbald. 

bury, 

766.  Egbert  of  York. 

John  the  "ma 

ss-priest." 

1047. 

W'ithman. 

758.  Cuthbert  of  Canterbury. 

877. 

Joannes  Scot 

us. 

fl. 

1060. 

Folchard. 

755.  Boniface  (Winifrid). 

Ilucarius. 

1077. 

Hereman. 

787.  Willibald. 

Ercombert. 

1080. 

Giso. 

689.  Willehad. 

Aldred  the  G 

lossator. 

1098. 

Gotselin. 

804.  Alcuin. 

961. 

Odo,  archbisl 

lopof  Can- 

fl. 

1090. 

Ethelward. 

763.  Frithwald. 

terbury. 

1095. 

Wulstan. 

ANGLO-KORMAN  PERIOD. 


Died  1089.  Lanfranc. 

c.  1070.  Guy,  bishop  of  Amiens. 
fl.  1082.  Gerland. 

1095.  Robert,  bishop  of  Here- 
ford. 
1090.  WilUam,  bishop  of  Dur- 
ham. 


1098.  Osmund,  bishop  of  Sa- 
lisbury. 

1100.  Thomas,  archbishop  of 
York. 
c.  1100.  Osbern  of  Canterbury. 

1109.  Ingulf. 

1107.  Godfrey  of  Winchester. 


1100.  Lucian  of  Chester. 
1102.  Sfewulf. 
1108.  Gundulf. 
1108.  Gerard,  archbishop  of 
York. 


MiNOB  Writers  or  the  Eleventh  Centukt. 

fl.  1082.  Sulcard.  Hammelinus  of  Veru- 

1096.  Ricemarchus.  lam. 

Hemming,  sub-prior  of  1113.  Colman. 
Worcester.  Alwin,  or  Ailwin. 


1117.  Faritius. 

Leofric  of  Brun. 
Warnier,  or  Garnier. 
Johannes  Grammaticug. 


INTKODUCTION. 


19 


A.  D. 

1109.  Ajiselm. 

1135.  King  Henry  I. 

fl.  1110.  William  of  Chester. 

1114.  Gilbert  Crispin. 

1115.  Turgot. 

1118.  Florence  of  Worcester. 

1119.  Herebert,bisliop  of  Nor- 

wich. 


A.  D. 

fl.  1112.  Reginald    of    Canter- 
bury. 
1124.  Ernulph,  bishop  of  Ro- 
chester. 
1124.  Eadmer. 
1134.  Stephen  Harding, 
fl.  1120.  Philip  de  Thauu. 


A.  D. 

fl.  1124.  Roger  Infans.     : .'  ' 

Hilarius. 
fl.  1120.  Athelard  of  Bath, 
fl.  1129.  Simeon  of  Durham. 
1134.  Gilbert,  bishop  of  Lon- 
don (Universalis.) 
1137.  Ailmer. 


MiNon  Writers  op  the  Reion  op  Henry  I. 


1122.  Radulph,  bishop  of  Ro- 
chester. 
1124.  Nicholas,  prior  of  Wor- 
cester, 
fl.  1120.  Geofl'rey  of  Llaudaff. 
fl.  1120.  Benedict  of  Gloucester. 

after  1143.  Ordericus  Vitalis. 
fl.  1143.  Robert  de  Retines. 
Turold. 
Everard. 

Eelys  of  Winchester. 
Samson  de  Nanteuil. 


fl.  1120.  David,  bishop  of  Ban- 
gor. 
1129.  Gilbert,  archdeacon  of 

Buckingham. 
1146.  GeofTrey,  abbot   of  St. 
Alban's. 

Guiscard,  or  Guichard 
de  Beaulieu. 
fl.  1140.  William  of  llalmsbury. 
1 1 54.  Geoifrey  of  Monmouth, 
fl.  1148.  Gaimar. 

David, 
fl.  1150.  Alfred  of  Beverley. 


1114.  Thomas  of  Bayeux, 
archbishop  of  York. 

1140.  Thurstan,  archbishop 
of  York. 

1112.  Stephen  of  Whitby. 


fl.  11-50.  Osbern  of  Gloucester. 
1154.   Laurence  of  Durham. 

c.  1154.  Caradoc  of  Lancarvan. 
after  1154.  Henry  of  Huntingdon, 
after  1154.  William  de  Conches, 
after  1155.  Hugo  Candidus. 


1151.  Geofl'rey  of  Burton. 
fl.  1140.  Robert  of  Salop. 


fl. 

11.50. 

Robert  le  Poule. 

fl 

1170 

fl. 

1143. 

Richard  of  Hexham. 

fl. 

1170 

fl. 

1170. 

John  of  Hexham. 

fl. 

1170 

fl. 

1159. 

Robert  of  Cricklade. 

fl. 

1170 

IIGG. 

Ailred  of  Rievaux. 

fl. 

1174 

fl. 

116.5. 

Reginald  of  Durh.am. 

fl 

1175 

1164. 

Hugh,  .abbot  of  Read- 

fl. 

1175 

ing. 

11. 

lino 

1167. 

Robertde  JIelun,bishop 
of  Hereford. 

1175 
1180 

fl 

1168. 

William    of     Peterbo- 
rough. 

1180 
1184 

1170. 

Thomas  Becket,  arch- 
bishop of  Canterbury. 

1180 

after  1171. 

Wace. 

fl. 

1184 

fl. 

1170. 

Radulph  de  Dunstable. 

fl. 

1185 

fl. 

1170. 

William  of  St.  Alban's. 

fl. 

1180. 

Minor  Writers  under  Stephen. 

fl.  1140.  Nicholas     of    St.    Al- 
ban's. 


John  of  Cornwall. 
Gervase  of  Chichester. 
Roger  of  Hereford. 
Alfred  the  Philosopher. 
Jordan  Fantosme. 
Odo  of  Kent. 
Odo  de  Cirington. 
Roger  of  Salisbury. 
D.aniel  de  Merlai. 
John  of  Salisbury. 
Adam  du  Petit  Pont. 
Girard  du  Pucelle. 
Bartholomew,  bishop  of 

Exeter. 
John  de  Hauteville. 
Jocelin  of  Furness. 
Benoit  de  Sainte-Maur. 


1146.  William  of  Piievaux. 

Richard  of  Worcester. 

fl.  1180.  Clement  of  Lanthony. 
fl.  1180.  Robert  of  Bridlington. 
fl.  1180.  Herebert  of  Bosham. 
1188.  Gilbert  Foliot. 
118G.   Robert  Foliot. 
1190.  Ranulph  de  Glanville. 
bef.  1195.  Richard  of  Ely. 
1174.  Thomas  of  Ely. 

Gervase  of  Tilbury. 
1193.  Richard,  bishop  of  Lon- 
don. 
1190.   Baldwin,  archbishop  of 
Canterbury. 
Walter  Mapes. 
Robert  de  Borron. 
Luces  de  Gast. 


Minor  Writers  op  the  Rbiqn  op  Henrt  IL 


Serlo. 

Daniel  Church, 
fl.  1170.  Thomas  of  Beverley. 

Gualo. 
fl.  1160.  Adalbert  of  Spalding. 
Radulph,  monk  of  West- 
minster, 
fl.  1170.  Walter  Daniel. 

Hugo  Sotmvagina. 
1177.  Walter    the    Gramma- 
rian. 
fl.1180.  Odo,   abbot    of    Mure- 
muud. 


fl.  1185.  William    the    astrono- 
mer. 
Richard,  abbot  of  Foun- 
tains. 
Albericus  de  Vere. 
fl.  1160.  William  de  Wycumb. 

Thomas  of  Monmouth. 
Nicholas,  monk  of  Dur- 
ham. 
Osbert  of  Clare. 
Samson,  monk  of  Can- 
terbury. 


fl.  1171.  Robert  of  Glastonbury. 
Henry  of  Saltrey. 
1170.  Laurence,     abbot      of 

Westminster. 
1180.  Adam  the  Scot. 
Roger  of  Forde. 
fl.  1180.  W.alter,   monk    of    St. 

Alban's. 
fl.  1180.  Philip,  prior  of  St.  Fri- 
deswith's. 
1191.  Adam,  abbot  of  Eves- 
ham. 


20 


INTRODUCTION. 


A.  V. 

A.  11. 

1199. 

King  Eichard  Coeur  de 
Lion. 

fl.  1192. 

fl.  1175. 

Gil  ernes  du  Pont  de  St. 
Maxence. 

1202. 

Eozun,  or  Boson. 

after  1198. 

Herman. 

1223. 

Hugh  de  Rutland. 

Thomas. 

Philip  de  Reimes. 

bef.  1130 

Maurice  and  Peter  de 

after  1201. 

Craom. 

fl.  1193. 

Renaud  de  Hoilande. 

Simon  du  Fresne. 

fl.  1200 

fl.  1186 

Nigellus  Wireker. 

1207. 

1193. 

Benedict    of    Peterbo- 
rough. 

Richard  of  Devizes. 
William  Fitz-Stephen. 
Alan  of  Tewkesbury. 
Roger  of  Croyland. 
Peter  of  Blois. 
GiralJus  Cambrensis. 
Geoffrey  de  Viiisauf. 
Joseph  of  Exeter. 
,  William  of  Newbury. 
Roger  de  Hoveden. 
Jolm  of  Brompton. 
Radulph  de  Dioeto. 
Richard  the  Canon. 
Walter  de  Coutances. 
Gulielmus  Peregrinus. 
Hugh  de  Hoveden. 


A.  P. 

1174.  Gervase  of  Canterbury, 

RaduJph  Niger. 

William  of  Ramsey. 

William  the  Clerk. 

Thomas  de  Bailleul. 

Oiin. 

Nicholas  de  Guildford. 

Layamon. 
1228.   Stephen  de  Langton. 
1228.  Gei'vase, bishopof Seez. 
1217.  Alexander  Neckh.am. 
.  1200.  JoscelindeBrakeloude. 
.  1210.   Gilbertus  Anglicus. 
1213.  William  du  Mont. 

William  the  trouvere. 


Minor  Weiteks  DrniNG  the  Reigns  of  Ricn.ino  I.  and  John. 


fl.  1214.  Geoffrey  of  Coldingh.im. 

Girard  of  Cornwall, 
fl.  1193.  Nicholas   de    Walking- 
ton. 

Maurice  of  Wales. 

Jlaurice  of  Ford. 

John  de  St.  Omer. 


Adam  of  Dore. 
Adivm  of  Eincsham. 
Robert  de  Beaufey. 
Alexander  le  Partiger. 
1172.  John  Curayn. 

John,  abbot  of  Forde. 
Hugh  de  Nonant. 


1220. 


1199. 


Richard    the    Pr(?mon- 

sti'eusian. 
John  of  Tilbury. 
Samson,  abbot  of  Bury. 
John   of    Wallingford, 

abbot  of  St.  Alban's. 


The  following  remarks  are  interesting  in  this  con- 
nection : 

"  The  poetry  of  the  Anglo-Saxons  was  neither  modulated 
according  to  foot-measuro,  like  that  of  the  Greeks  and 
Eom.<vns,  nor  written  with  rhymes,  like  that  of  many  mo- 
dern languages.  Its  cluef  and  universal  ch.aracteristic 
was  a  very  regular  alliteration,  so  arranged  that,  in  every 
couplet  there  .should  be  two  principal  words  in  the  first  line 
beginning  with  the  same  letter,  which  letter  must  also  bo 
the  initial  of  the  first  word  on  which  the  stress  of  the  voice 
falls  in  the  second  line.  The  only  approach  to  a  metrical 
system  yet  discovered  is  that  two  risings  .and  two  fallings 
of  the  voice  seem  necessary  to  each  perfect  line.  Two 
distinct  measures  are  met  with,  a  shorter  and  a  longer,  both 
commonly  mixed  together  in  the  same  poem,  the  former 
being  used  for  the  ordinary  narr.ativo,  and  the  latter  adopted 
when  the  poet  sought  after  greater  dignity.  In  the  manu- 
scripts, the  Saxon  poetry  is  always  written  continuously 
like  prose,  perhaps  for  the  sako  of  convenience,  but  the 
division  of  the  lines  is  generally  marked  by  a  point. 

"  The  popular  literature  of  the  Normans  in  France  and 
England  previous  to  the  twelfth  century  is  totally  unknown 

to  us However,  as  most  of  the  popular  literature 

of  this  period  was  confined  to  the  jongleur.s,  who  were  at 
the  same  time  authors  and  minstrels,  and  as  it  was  proha- 
■  bly  seldom  or  never  committed  to  writing,  we  have  no 
difficulty  in  accounting  for  its  lo.ss.  We  know  th.at  there 
were  jongleurs  in  Normandy  at  an  early  period,  and  that 
they  followed  their  patrons  to  England.  But  wo  only  bo- 
come  acquainted  with  their  compositions  at  a  later  period. 
In  literatiu-e,  the  Anglo-Norman  language  first  makes  its 
appearance  in  poems  of  a  religious  and  serious  character; 
and  it  seems  to  have  first  found  a  distinguished  patron  in 

Adelaide  of   Louvaine,  queen   of   Henry  I Most 

of  this  religious  and  serious  poetry  consisted  in  mere  trans- 
lations or  paraphrases  from  the  Latin,  and  the  writers 
make  no  further  pretension The  only  known  Eng- 
lish writers  of  Anglo-.'^axon  proso  are  Walter  Mapcs, 
Robert  de  Borron,  and  Luces  de  Gast,  the  authors  of 
some  of  the  most  popular  romances  of  the  cycle  of  the 


Round  Table It  wUl  he  seen  by  this  brief  review  of 

the  literature  of  the  Anglo-Norm.an  language  during  the 
twelfth  century,  tliat,  until  the  close  of  the  century,  it  has 
no  great  attractiim  beyond  a  few  historical  productions 
which  might  as  weU  have  been  written  in  Latin,  and  one 

or  two  metrical  romances It  would  he  in  vain  to 

attempt  a  history  of  English  literature  in  the  twelfth  cen- 
tury, because  every  thing  connected  with  it  is  vague  and 
uncertain." — See  Introdiietioji  to  Biorj.  Brit.  Lit. 

The  reader  -will  refer  to  the  articles,  Cedmon,  the 
monk  (died  about  G80) ;  Bkde  (died  73.5) ;  King  Al- 
fred (died  901) ;  Alfkic  of  Canterbury  (died  lOOG); 
Ctnew,  Bishop  of  Winchester  (died  1008) ;  Wulf- 
STAN,  Bishop  of  Worcester,  Archbishop  of  York  (died 
1023),  &o. — for  notices  of  some  of  the  principal  wri- 
ters from  the  death  of  Gildjs  to  the  termination  of 
the  Saxon  Chronicle. 

The  Saxon  Chronicle,  the  production  of  a  number 
of  authors,  professes  to  give  a  history  of  English  affairs 
from  A.  D.  1-11.50,  at  which  date  it  abruptly  con- 
cluded. 

About  1180?  we  have  Layamon's  metrical  fr.ansla- 
tion  of  the  lirut  cV  Anglelerre,  of  Wace,  written  about 
1100,  and  itself  a  translation  from  Geoffrey  of  Mon- 
mouth. This  ingeniour  monk  obliges  us  with  a  his- 
tory of  British  occurrences  from  Brutus  of  Troy, 
who  is  placed  long  before  the  Christian  era,  to 
Cadwallader,  A.D.  689.  Layamon  seems  to  know 
the  original  history  only  through  the  version  of  Mais- 
ter  Wace.  Upon  the  same  history  principally,  is 
founded  the  Chronicle  of  Robert  of  Gloucester, 
(tanp.  Henry  III.  and  Edward  I.)  who  professes  to 
narrate  the  history  of  England  from  the  time  of  Bru- 
tus  to  the  death  of  Sir  Henry  of  Almaine. 

"The  orations  witli  which  he  occ.asion.ally  diversifies  tho 
thread  of  his  story,  are,  in  gencr.al,  appropriate  and  dra- 
matic, and  not  only  prove  his  good  sense,  but  exhibit  no 


INTRODUCTION. 


21 


unfavourable  specimens  of  his  eloquence.  In  his  descrip- 
tion of  tho  first  crusade,  he  seems  to  change  his  usual 
character,  and  becomes  not  onlj  entertaining,  but  even 
animated." — Ellis. 

This  Chronicle  consists  of  more  than  ten  thousand 
lines,  and  Alexandrines  at  that!  The  Bodleian, 
Cottonian,  and  Harleian  MSS.  of  it  are  considered  the 
best.  There  is  also  one  in  the  Library  of  the 
Heralds'  College. 

The  next  of  the  Ehjming  Chronicles  is  Robert 
Manning,  or  Robert  de  Brunne,  (Ifnip.  Edward  I. 
and  II.)  the  translator  of  Manuel  des  I'iches  and  Peter 
de  Langtoft's  Chronicle.  This  Terse  is  shorter  than 
that  of  Robert  of  Gloucester,  approaching  the  octo- 
Bjllabic  stanza  of  a  later  period. 

The  reader  will  find  some  specimens  of  the  changes 
of  language  in  the  periods  which  have  now  been  re- 
ferred to  in  an  excellent  work  accessible  to  all — W. 
&  R.  Chambers's  Cyclopcedia  of  English  Literature. 
Some  Taluable  dissertations  in  the  introductions  to 
Shaw's  and  Spalding's  Histories  of  English  Litera- 
ture should  also  be  carefully  perused.  For  a  history 
of  the  English  Metrical  Romances,  the  period  of 
which  we  may  assume  to  be  1300-1.500,  Warton's 
History  of  English  Poetry,  and  Ilalliwell's  and  Percy's 
Reliques  of  Ancient  English  Poetry,  should  be  con- 
sulted. The  literature  of  this  character  was  almost 
exclusively  composed  of  versions  from  French  origi- 
nals. The  theory  of  Sir  Walter  Scott  respecting 
Sir  Tristem,  and  Mr.  Warton's  ascription  of  The 
Life  of  Alezandcr  the  Great  to  Adam  Davie,  are  per- 
haps hardly  tenable  in  the  present  day.  Among  the 
best  known  compositions  of  this  period  may  be  men- 
tioned. Sir  Gut,  The  Squire  of  Low  Deokee, 
Sir  Deoore,  Kino  Robert  of  Sicily,  The  King 
OF  Tars,  Impo.hedon,  La  Mort  Artur,  Sir  Thopas, 
Sib  Betis,  Sir  Isenbras,  Sir  Lidius,  and  Gawan 
AND  Galogkas.  Let  the  reader  carefully  peruse 
Ellis's  Historical  Introduction  on  the  Rise  and 
Progress  of  Romantic  Composition  in  France  and 
England ;  prefixed  to  the  Specimens  of  Early  English 
Metrical  Romances.  Of  this  valuable  work  a  new 
edition  has  been  published,  under  the  editorial  care 
of  the  eminent  antiquary,  philologist,  and  enthusias- 
tic philomath,  J.  Orchard  Halliwell,  Esq.,  F.  R.  S. 
(Bohn's  Antiquarian  Library,  Lon.,  1848:  also  pro- 
cure The  Chronicles  of  the  Crusades ;  indeed  all  of 
the  volumes  of  this  valuable  series  should  be  in  the 
hands  of  the  curious  student.) 

The  following  remarks  are  not  without  interest  in 
this  connection: 

'*  That  a  class  of  men  who  cultivated  the  arts  of  amuse- 
ment as  a  profession,  were  known  and  esteemed  by  the 
Normans  of  the  time  of  the  Conquest,  is  undeniably  proved 
by  the  evidence  of  Domesday-book ;  in  which  we  find  a 
certain  Bedric  possessedof  a  large  tract  of  land  in  Glouces- 
tershire, under  the  title  ot  joculntor  regis.  The  register, 
of  course,  does  not  explain  the  talents  of  this  joculator,  or 
jongleur;  but  it  maybe  fairly  assumed  that  they  were 
similar  to  those  of  the  minstrel  Taillefer,  who,  as  Wace 
informs  us,  *  moult  bien  chantont,'  and  who  preceded  the 
Duke  of  Normandy  at  the  battle  of  Hastings,  'singing 
about  Charlemagne,  and  RoUand,  and  Olivier,  and  the 
vassals  who  died  at  Roncesvallcs.'  We  are  further  in- 
formed by  Gaimar,  that  he  performed  many  marvellous 


feats  of  dexterity :  throwing  his  lance  into  the  air  as  if  it 
were  a  small  stick ;  catching  it  by  the  point  before  he  cast 
it  against  the  enemy ;  and  repeating  the  same  operation 
with  his  sword,  so  that  they  who  beheld  him  considered 
him  as  a  conjuror — 

L'un  dit  a  I'aUre  ki  coveit, 
Ke  CO  esteit  enchantement, 
Ke  cil  fesait  devant  la  gent, 
Quant,  &c. 

Now,  unless  it  could  be  proved  that  the  Normans  adopted 
the  profession  of  minstrelsy  from  the  French,  of  which 
there  is  no  evidence,  it  must  follow  that  they  carried  il 
with  them  from  Denmark;  and  as  Bishop  Percy  has 
shown  that  a  character  nearly  analogous  existed  among 
the  Danes,  as  well  as  the  Anglo-Saxons  the  derivation  of 
the  minstrels  from  the  Scalds  and  Glee-men  of  the  North, 
as  established  in  the  Essay  prefixed  to  the  '  Roliques  of 
Ancient  Poetry,'  seems  to  rest  upon  as  fair  historical  testi- 
mony as  can  be  required  in  confirmation  of  such  an  opi- 
nion."— Jntroduetion  to  the  Rise  and  Progress  of  Romantic 
Composition,  Ac;  also  peruse  the  Essay  prefixed  to  Per- 
cy'a  Reliques. 

About  the  middle  of  the  thirteenth  century,  the  ap- 
plication of  poetry — heretofore  confined  to,  1.  Chroni- 
cles, 2.  Romances — to  general  subjects,  manners, 
morals,  descriptive  essays,  &c.,  came  into  use.  The 
reader  must  procure  for  a  view  of  the  essays  of  this 
period,  Mr.  Thomas  Wright's  Political  Songs  and  Spe- 
cimens of  Lyric  Poetry,  composed  in  England  in  the 
reign  of  Edward  I. :  Reliquiaj  Antiquaj,  2  vols.  Lau- 
rence Minot,  in  secular,  and  Richard  Rolle,  in  theolo- 
gical poetry,  are  two  of  the  prominent  names  of  the 
fourteenth  century.  About  13G0  was  completed  the 
Vision  of  Piers  Plowman,  the  composition  of  a  secular 
priest  named  Robert  Langlande.  The  poet  sets  forth 
by  allegorical  representations  the  corruptions  prevail- 
ing among  the  ecclesiastics,  and  predicts  a  severe  pu- 
nishment as  the  consequences  of  such  disorder.  We 
have  in  this  singular  allegory  the  characters  of  Mercy, 
Truth,  Conscience,  Pride,  Sir  In-witt,  See-well,  Say- 
well,  Hear-well,  Work-well,  Go-well,  &c.  The  reader 
will  not  be  surprised  that  such  similai-ity  of  charao- 
ters  has  led  some  critics  to  compare  this  ancient 
poem  with  the  Pilgrim's  Progress. 

It  was  about  this  period,  say  13.50,  that  the  cha- 
racter styled  Black-Letter,  or  Old  English,  was  first 
used. 

We  have  now  reached  a  most  important  landmark, 
at  which  we  may  properly  conclude  our  synopsis — 
the  name  of  the  Great  Father  of  English  Poetry, 
Geoffrey  Chaix-er,  born  between  1328  and  1316. 
We  need  hardly  remark  that  the  inscription  on  his 
tomb,  stating  him  to  have  died  in  the  year  1400,  at 
the  age  of  72,  is  not  based  upon  any  known  authority, 
having  been  placed  where  it  is,  about  1 50  years  after 
his  death.  However,  these  are  matters  which  are 
discussed  in  the  following  pages,  and  therefore  bio- 
graphical details  respecting  individuals,  and  biblio- 
graphical and  critical  information  regarding  their 
works,  will  not  be  expected  here.  We  may  now  ap- 
propriately introduce  from  the  tables  in  the  Compa- 
nion to  the  British  Almanac,  as  improved  in  George 
P.  Putnam's  World's  Progi-ess,  New  York,  1851,  a 
Chronological  Table  of  some  of  the  principal  British 
Authors  and  their  works,  A.  D.  500-1850. 


22 


INTKODUCTION. 


iMiGLIATION. 

Fact. 

Speculative  and  Scieotitic. 

A.  D. 

500 

A.  D. 

500     Gildas,  Conquest  of  Britain. 

A.  D. 

500 

600     Csedmon,  Saxon  Poems. 

Aldhelme,  d.  709,  Latin  Poems. 

600    Nennius,  Origin  of  Britons. 

600 

700 

700    Bede,  673-735,  Eccl.  History  of 
England. 

700    Alcuin,  d.  804,  Theology,  Histo- 
ry, Poetry. 

SCO    Alfred,  849-801,  Saxon  Poems, 
Translations,  &o. 

800 

Asser,  d.  909,  Life  of  Alfred,  His- 
tory of  England. 

800    J.  Scott  Erigena,  d.  883,  '  Of  the 
Nature  of  Things.' 

900 

900     Ethelwerd,    History    of    Great 
Britain. 

900 

1000 

1000  Ingulphus,  1030-1109,  History 
of  Cruyland. 
Eadmer,  Chronicle. 

1000 

1100 

Layamon,  Saxon  Poetry. 
NigcUus,  Speculum  Stultorum. 
Walter  Mapes,  Satires,  Songs. 
Jos.  of  Exeter,  Trojan  War,  War 
of  Antioch,  Epics. 

1100  Order.  Vitalis,  1075-1132,  His- 
tory of  England. 

Florence  of  Worcester,  d.  lllS, 
Chron.  of  England. 

GeoflFrey  of  Monmouth,  History 
of  Britain. 

William  of  Malmsbury,  d.  1143, 
History  of  Britain. 

Henry    of    Huntingdon,    Chro- 
nicles of  England. 

Simeon  of  Durham,  Chronicles 
of  England. 

John  of  Salisbury,  d.  IISI,  'LU'e 
of  Becket,"  Ac. 

Q.  Cambrensis,  Conq.  of  Ireland, 

Itin.  of  Wales. 
Wm.  of  Newbury,  b.  1136,  Chron. 

of  England. 

1100 

Robert  Pulleyn,  d.  1150,  The- 
ology. 

Richard  of  St.  Victor,  d.  1173, 
Theology. 

Ralph    Glanville,   Collection  of 
Laws. 

1200 

Eobert  of  Cloucester,  Chronicle 

in  verse. 
T.   Lermout,   the   Rhymer,  Sir 

Tristem,  Romance. 

1200  Roger  Hoveden,  Chron.  of  Eng- 
land. 
Gervase  of  Canterbury,  Histo- 
ry of  England. 
Roger  of   Wendover,   Hist,   of 
England. 

Mathew  Paris,  d.  1259,  History 

of  England. 
William  Rishanger,  History  of 

England. 

1200 

Alex.   Neckham,   d.  1227,  The- 
ology. 

Robert  Grosteste,  Natural  Phi- 
losophy. 

Alexander  Hales,  d.  1245,  Aris- 
totelian. 

John  Peckham,  Theology. 

John  Holiwood,  d,  1258,  Astron., 
Mathematics. 

Roger  Bacon,  1214-1292,  Che- 
mistry, Optics,  &e. 

Rich.  Middleton,  Theology. 

1300 

Adam   D.avie,  Metr.   Romance, 
Life  of  Alex. 

Lawrence  Minot,  d,  1352,  His- 
torical Poems. 

John  Barbour,  1326-1396,  'The 
Bruce.' 

B.    Langlande,   'Pierce    Plow- 
man,' a  Satire. 

Geoffrey  Chaucer,  1328—1400, 
'Canterbury  Tales,'  ic. 

John    Gower,  d.   1402,  Elegies, 
Romances,  &c. 

1300 

Nicholas  Triveth.  d.  1328,  Hist. 
Physic,  Theology. 

Richard   of  Chichester,  Chron. 
of  England. 

Ralph  Higden,  d.  1360,  Chron. 
of  England. 

Henry  Knighton,  d.  1370,  Chron. 
of  England. 

Matthew  of  Westminster,  *  Flow- 
ers of  History.* 

John  MaundeviUe,  d.  1372,  Tra- 
vels. 

John    Fordun,  Chron.  of  Scot- 
laud. 

1300  Albricus,  Theology. 

Duns  Seotus,  d.  1308,  Philoso- 
phy. 

Walter  Burleigh,  Philosophy. 

Gilb.  Anglicus,  Medicine. 

R.  Aungerville,  1281-1345,  Phi- 
lobiblion. 

J.  Wieliffe,    1324-1384,  Thoolo- 
gy.  Translation  of  the  Bible. 

H.  de  Bracton,  Law. 

1100 

John      Lydgato,      1380—1440, 
Poems. 

1400  Andrew  of  Wyntoun,  History  of 
Scotland. 

T.  Walsingh.am,  d.  1440,  Histo- 
ry of  Normandy. 

1400 

INTRODUCTION. 


23 


Imagination. 

Fact. 

Speculative  axd  SciENTinc. 

1400  James    I.    of    ScotlanJ,    1395- 

1400 

1400 

1137,  'King's  Quhair,'  Ac. 

John    Fortescue,  Laws  of  Eng- 
land. 

Harry  the  Minstrel,  '  Sir  W.  Wal- 

lace.' 

John  Hardyng,  Chron.  of  Eng- 
land. 

Lord  Eemers,  Trans,  of  Frois- 
sart. 

Thomas  Littleton,  d.  1487,  Law. 

Stephen  Hawes,  'Passetyme  of 

W.  "baiton,  Translations. 

Pleasure.' 

' 

John  Skelton,  d.  1529,  Satires, 

Douglas  of  Glastonbury,  Chron. 

Odes. 

of  England. 

1500  Wm.  Dunbar,  1465-1530,  'This- 

1500 R.  Faby.an,  </.  1512,  Chron.  of 

1500  Thos.  Linacre,  1460-1524,  Phi- 

tle and  Rose.' 

England  and  France. 

lology,  Medicine. 

Gawin      Douglas,      1475-1522, 

Trans.  Virgil. 

Thomas  More,  14S0-1535,  'Uto- 

Anth. Fitzherbert,  Husbandry. 

pia.* 
Thomas  Wyatt,   d.   1541,  Son- 

nets. 

John  Heywond,  d.  1565,  Drama. 

T.  Hall,  d.  1547,  Hist,  of  Houses 

Thomas  Elyot,  Philology. 

Earl  of  Surrey,    d.   1546-1547, 

of  York  and  Lancaster. 

Hugh  Latimer,  1475-1555,  Ser- 

Poems. 

John  Leland,  d.  1552,  English 

mons. 

George     GascoigQO,     d,     1577, 

Auli'iuities. 

Drama. 

W.  Cavendish,  1505-1557,  'Life 

of  Wolsey.' 

Roger  Ascham,  1515-1568,  'The 

J.  Bale,    1495-1503,    'Lives  of 

Schoolmaster.' 

British  Writers.' 

Thomas  Wilson,  d.  1581,  Logic 

Ralph     Hollingshed,    d.    1581, 

and  Rhetoric. 

Chronicles. 

Thomas    Tussor,  d.   1580,  Hus- 

George   Buchanan,    1506-15S2, 

bandly. 

Philip  Sidney,  1554-1586,  'Ar- 

History of  Scotland. 

cadia.' 

J.  Fox,  1517-1587,  Book  of  Mar- 

Christ. Marlowe,  d.  1593,  Drama. 

tyrs. 

Edmund    Spenser,     1553-1598, 

J.  Jewel,  1522-1570,  Divinity. 

'  Faery  Queen.' 

R.  Hooker,  1553-1600,   Ecclesi- 

W. Shakspeare,  1564-1616,  Dra- 

N. Fitzherbert,  1550-1612,  Bio- 

astical Polity. 

ma. 

graphy. 

W.  Gilliert,  1540-1603,  'On  the 

John    Lylie,    1550-1600,    'Eu- 

John  Stowe,  1527-1605,  Chroni- 

Loadstone.' 

phuos.' 

cles,  Topography. 
Sir  T.    North,    Translations    of 
Plutarch. 

L.  Andrews,  1565-1626,  Sermons. 

John  Fletcher,  157G-1625,  Dra- 

ma,. 
F.  Beaumont,  1586-1615,  Dra- 
ma. 

1600  John  Owen,  d.  1612,  Latin  Epi- 

1600 J.    Pits,      1500-1616,    Biog.    of 

1600  Edwaril  Coke,  1550-1634,  Law. 

grams. 

Kings,  Bishops,  &c. 

John  Napier,  1550-1617,  Loga- 

Ricliard KnoUs,  d.  1610,  History 

rithms. 

of  the  Turks. 

Wm.  Camden,  1551-102.3,  Anti- 

quities. 

B.    Uakluyt,  1553-1616,  Naval 

Histories. 

W.  Raleigh,  1552-1617,  History 

of  the  World. 

Samuel  Daniel,  1567-1619,  His- 

tory of  England. 

J.  Ford,  b.  use,  Drama. 

Jolin'lleyward,  (/.  1627,  English 

Ben    Jouson,    1574-1637,  Dra- 

History. 

ma. 

J.   Speed,    1555-1629,    Hist,   of 

Robert  Burton,  1576-1639,  'Anat. 

P.  Massinger,  1585-1639,  Dra- 

Great Britain. 

of  Melancholy.' 

ma. 

Henry  Spelman,  1502-1641,  An- 

Francis  Bacon,  1560-1626,  Phi- 

J. Harrington,  1501-1612,  Trans. 

tiquities. 

losophy,  History. 

Ariosto. 

Sir  R.  B.  Cotton,  1570-1631,  An- 

Wm. Harvey,  1578-1657,  Circu- 

E. Fairfax,  d.  1C32,  Trans.  Tasso. 

tiquities. 
S.  Purehas,   1577-1628,  Collec- 

lation of  Blood. 

M.  Drayton,  156.V1G31,  Poems. 

tion  of  Voyages. 

G.  Sandys,  1577-1643,  Transla- 

John  Sclden,  1584-1654,  Anti- 

tions, Poems. 

Thomas  Roe,  1580-1641,  Travels 

quities,  Law,  History. 

S.  Daniel,  1562-1619.  Poems. 

in  the  East. 

J.  Harrington,  1611-1677,  '  Oce- 

■W. Drummond,   1585-1649,  Po- 

E. (Lord)   Herbert,  1581-1648, 

ana.' 

ems. 

History  of  Henry  VIII. 

James  Usher,  1580-1656,  Divi- 

John Donne,  1573-1662,  Satires, 

B.  Baker,  d.  1645,  Chron.  of  Eng- 

nity, Sermons,  History. 

Essays. 

land. 

Geo.  Wither,  1588-1657,  Satires. 

Thomas  Hobbes,  1588-1679,  Me- 

James Shirley,  1594-1666,  Dra- 

Thomas Fuller,  1608-1661,  His- 

taphysics. 

ma. 

tory  and  Biography. 

W.  Dugdale.  1605-1686,  Antiqui- 

Sir John  Suckling,  1609-1641, 

Clarendon,   16US-1673,  History 

ties,  History. 

Poems. 

of  Rebellion. 

W.     Chillingworth,     1602-1644, 

John  Denham,  1615-1668,  Tra- 

Thomas May,  d.  1650,  History 

Theology. 

gedies,  Cooi)er'3  Hill. 

of  Parliament. 

Isaac  Barrow,   1630-1677,  Divi- 

Samuel Butler,  1612-16SS,  Hu- 

Izaak  AYalton,   1593-1683,  Bio- 

nity, Mathematics. 

dibras. 

graphy. 

J.  Pearson,  1612-1686,  Divinity. 

24 


INTKODUCTION. 


IjIAGrXAHON. 


160C    John  Milton,  1008-1674,  'Para- 
dise Lost.' 
Edm.  Waller,  1005-1687,  Poems. 
A.  Cowley,  1018-1667,  Poems. 
A.  Maxwell,  1620-167S,  Poems. 


Eochester,  164S-16S0,  Satires. 

Eoscommon,  1033-1684,  Poems. 

N.  Lee,  1650-1691,  Drama. 

John  Bunyan,  1028-1088,  'Pil- 
grim's Progress.* 

John  Drydcn,  1031-1701,  Tra- 
gedy, Satire,  'Virgil.' 

Thos.  Otway,  1051-1085,  Tra- 
gedy. 


Fact. 


1600  B.  Whitlocke,  1605-1676,  His- 
tory. 

Mrs.  Hutchinson,  Biography. 

W.  Prynne,  1600-1607,  History, 
Politics. 


■Wm.  Temple,  1629-1710,  His- 
tory. 


E.  Brady,  d.   1700,   History  of 
England. 


SPECTJI^vnvX  AND  SCIENTinc. 


1700  John  Pomfret,  1607-1703,  '  The  |  1700  Thos.  Rymer,  d.  1713,  Foidera. 
Choice.' 


John  Philips,  1076-1708, 'Splen- 
did Shilling.' 

Thos.  Parneli,  1079-1718,  '  The 
Hermit.' 

Geo.  Farquhar,  1078-1707,  Co- 
medies. 


Matt.  Prior,  1064-1721,  Poems. 

K.  Steele,  d.  1729,  Drama,  Es- 
says. 

Daniel  Defoe,  1000-1731,  'Eo- 
binson  Crusoe.' 

Jos.  Addison,  1672-1719, '  Spec- 
tator,' '  Cato.' 

Nich.    Eowe,    1673-1718,    Tra- 

g<'(i.y. 

J.  Vanbrugh,  d.  1726,  Comedy. 

W.  Congreve,  1672-1728,  Co- 
medy. 

John  Gay,  1683-1732,  'Beggar's 
Opera.'  Fab. 

Mary  W.  Montague,  1090-1762, 
Letters. 

Eobert  Blair,  1099-1746,  'The 
Grave.' 

S.  Richardson,  1689-1701, '  Cla- 
rissa,' *  Pamela,'  A'c. 

D.  Garrick,  1716-1779,  Drama. 
S.  Foote,  1720-1771,  Drama. 

E.  Dod.-^ley,  1703-1704,  Drama. 
Jona.  Swift,  1007-1745,  Satires, 

Tales,  Ac. 
L  Watts,  1074-1748,  Hymns. 
Edw.  Toung,  1681-1765,  'Night 

Thoughts.' 
Alex.  Pope,  1688-1744,  Poetry. 
W.  Somerville,  1692-1743,  '  The 

Chase.' 
Allan  Eamsay,  1696-1758,  'The 

Gentle  Shepherd.' 
Eichard     Savage,      1698-1743, 

Poems. 
Jas.  Thomson,  1700-1748,  'Sea- 
sons.' 
John  Dver,  1700-1758,  Poems. 
H.  Fielding,   1707-1754,  'Tom 

Jones,'  itc. 
James    Hammond,    1710-1742, 

Elegies. 


S.  Ookley,  1678-1720,  Oriental 
History. 

Thos.  Hearne,  1078-1735,  His- 
tory and  Antiquities. 

John  Strype,  1043-1737,  History 
and  Antiquities. 

GilbertBurnet,  164.3-1715,  'His- 
tory of  his  Times.' 

L.  Ethard,  1671-1730,  History 
of  England. 

Thos.  Carte,  1686-1754,  History 
of  England. 

Johu  Potter,  1674-1747,  Anti- 
quities. 

Sir  W.  Petty,  1623-1082,  Statis- 
tics. 


Nathanael  Hooke,  d.  176.3,  His- 
tory of  Rome. 

C.  Middleton,  1683-1750,  Life 
of  Cicero,  Ac. 


John  Swinton,  1703-1707,  His- 
tory, Antiquity. 


1600  Brian  Walton,  1600-1061,  Poly- 
glot Bible. 
Jeremy  Taylor,  d.  1667,  Divinity. 

Alger.  Sydney,  1617-1683,  'Dis- 
course on  Government.' 

Thos.   Browne,    1605-1682,  'On 
Vulgar  Errors.' 

Edmund  Castell,  d.  1685,  Lexicoi 
Heptaglotton. 

R.  Cudworth,  1617-1688,  Meta- 
phvsics. 

J.  Evelyn,  1620-1706,  '  Sylva.'    , 

H.  More,  1014-1687,  Theology. 

T.  Sydenham,  1024-1689,  Medi- 
cine. 

W.  Sherlock,  d.  1089,  Divinity. 

J.  Tillotson,  1030-1694,  Sermons. 

Arehl'ishop  Leighton,  1013-1684, 
Divinity. 

R.  Baxter,    1015-1691,    'Saint's 
Everlasting  Rest.' 

R.  B(.yle,  1027-1691,  Theology, 
Chemistry. 


1700 


Lord  Lyttelton,  1709-1778,  His- 
tory, Poems.  Divinity. 

James  Granger,  rf.  1776,  Biog. 
Hist,  of  England. 


John  Ray.   1628-1705,   Botany, 

Natural  History. 
John    Locke,   1032-1704,  Meta- 

pbvsiL's. 
E.  S'uuth,   1633-1710,    Divinity. 


Isaac  Newton,  1042-1719,  'Prin- 
cipia.' 

J.  Flamsteed,  1642-1719,  Astro- 
nomy. 

E.   Hooke,   1635-1702,   Philoso- 

B.  de  Mandeville,  1670-1733, 
'Fab.  of  the  Bees.' 

Edm.  Ualley,  1656-1742,  Astro- 
nomy. 

Hans  Sloane,  1000-1753,  Natural 
History. 


S.  Clarke,  1675-1729,  Divinity, 
Philosophv. 

D.  Waterland,  1683-1740,  Di- 
vinity. 

R.  Beutloy,  1601-1740,  Divinity, 
Philology. 

A.  Baxter,  1087-1750,  Metaphy- 

Lord  Eolingbrokc,  1672-1751; 
Politics,  Literature. 

G.  Berkeley,  1684^1753,  Meta- 
phvsies.  Ethics. 

P.  Doddridge,  1701-1751,  Di- 
■\inity. 

Jas.  Bradley,  1692-1762,  Astro- 
nomy. 

P.  Hutcheson,  1694-1747,  Moral 
Philosophy. 

T.  Sherlock,  1078-1761,  Divini- 
tv. 

C.  Maclaurin,  1696-1746,  Mathe- 
matics. 

Earl  of  Chesterfield,  1694-1773, 
Letters. 

Eph.  Chambers,  d.  1740,  Cyclo- 
paedia. 

B.  Hoadley,  1070-1761,  Pole- 
mics. 

Bishop   Butler,    1692-1752,    Di- 

vinitv. 
J.  AVesiey,  1703-1791,  Divinity. 

D.  Hartley,  1704-1757,  '  Obser- 
vations on  Man.' 

Soame  Jenyns,  1704-1787,  The- 
ology. 

W.  Warburton,  1709-1779,  The- 
ology, Criticism. 


INTRODUCTION. 


25 


laiAGIXATION. 


1700  Laur.  Storne,  1713-1768,  '  Tris- 
tram Shandy.* 

W.  Shenstone,  1714^irS3,  Pas- 
torals, &o. 

W.  Collins,  1720-1756,  Oiles. 

H.  Brooke,  1706-1783,  'Fool  of 
Quality.' 

M.  Akensido,  1721-1770, '  Plea- 
sures of  Imagination.' 

Thos.  Gray,  1716-1771,  Odes, 
Elegies. 

T.  Smollett,  1720-1771,  Novels. 

K.  Glovor,  1712-17S9,  'Leoni- 
das.' 

0.  Goldsmith,  1731-1774,  'Tra- 
veller,' '  Viear  of  Wakefield.' 

W.  Mason,  1725-1797,  Poems, 
Biography. 

Thomas  Chatterton,  1752-1770, 
Poems. 

Ar.  Murphy,  1727-1S05,  Drama. 

Wm.  Cowper,  1731-1800,  Poems. 

R.  Cumberland,  1732-1811,  Dra- 
ma. 

Eras.  Darwin,  1732-1802,  'Bo 
tanie  Garden.' 

Jas.  Beattie,  1735-1803,  Poems. 

E.  Ferguson,  1750-1774,  Poems. 

Geo.  Colman,  1733-1794,  Come- 
dies. 

J.  Wolcot,  (Peter  Pindar,)  1738- 
1819,  Com.  Poems. 

James  Maepherson,  1738-1796, 
*  Ossian's  Poems.' 

Eoliert Burns,  1759-1 796,  Poems. 

J.  Home,  d.  1808,  Drama. 


Eich.  B.   Sheridan,  1751-1816, 
Drama. 

Ann  Eadcliffe,  1764-1823,  No- 
vels. 


1800  Robert  Bloomfield,  d.  1823, '  Far- 
mer's Boy.' 
Jlrs.  Barbauld,  Poems,  Tales. 


Lord  Byron,  1788-1824,  Poems. 

John  Keats,  Poems. 

P.  B.  Shelley,  d.  1822,  Poems. 

R.  C.  Maturin,  rZ.^1824,  Drama. 

Miss  Austin,  Novels. 

Wm.  Goodwin,  1765-1836,  No- 
vels, Metaphysies. 

Walter  Scott,  1771-1832,  Novels, 
Poems. 


E.  PoUok,  179S-1827,  'Course 
of  Time.' 

Geo.  Crabbe,  d.  1832,  '  The  Bo- 
rough.' &c. 

Fanny  Burney,  1752-1840,  No- 
vels. 

Wm.  Beckford,  1760-1844,  No- 
vels. 

Thos.  Haynes  Bayly,  1797-1839, 
Lyrics. 

Thomas  Hamilton,  1789-1842, 
Novels,  Travels. 

Felicia  Hemans,  1794-1835, 
Poems. 

Barbara  Hofland,  Novels. 

Jas.  Hogg,  1782-1835,  Poems 
and  Tales. 

Theo.  E.  Uook,  1788-1841,  No- 
vels. 


1700 


Sam.  Johnson, 1709-1784,  Lives 
of  Poctji,  Diet,,  Ac. 

Jonas  Hanwtiy,  1712-1786,  Tra- 
vels in  the  East. 

John  Blair,  d.  17S2,  Chronology. 

David  Hume,  1711-1776,  Histo- 
ry of  England,  Essays,  &c, 

W.  Robertson,  1721-1793,  Hist. 
of  Charles  V.,  &c. 

Thos.  Warton,  1728-1790,  Histo- 
ry of  England,  Poetry,  Poems. 


H.  Walpole,  </.  1797,  'Historic 
Doubts,'  '  Royal  and  Noble 
Authors.' 

J.  Moore,  1730-1802,  'Views  of 
Society  and  Manners.' 

James  Bruce,  1730-1794,  Tra- 
vels. 

W.  Gilpin,  1724-1804,  Biogra- 
phy, Divinity,  &c. 

E.  Gibbon,  1737-1794.  Decline 
and  Fall  of  Roman  Empire. 

J.  Whitaker,  1735-1808,  Hist,  of 
Manchester,  &c. 

Edm.  Burke,  1730-1797,  Ora- 
tory. 

J.  Bn'swell,  1740-1795,  Biogra- 
phv. 

J.  Jiilner,  1744-1797,  Church 
History. 

Joseph  Strutt,  174S-1S02,  Chro- 
nology, Antiquities. 


Ch.arles  Burney,  d.  1841,  '  His- 
tory of  Music.* 


1800  J.  Macdiarmid,  1779-1808,  Bio- 
graphy. 


E.  D.  Clarke,  d.  1822,  Travels. 
C.  J.  Fox,  d.  1796,  History. 


W.  Mitford,  History  of  Greece. 


SPECtJLATIVE  AND  SCIENTIFIC. 


R.  Heber,  Tr.avels.  Ac. 

Major  Rennel.  Geographv. 

Wm.  Eoscoe,  1751-1831,  Life  of 
Leo  X„  &c. 

Walter  Scott,  1771-1832,  Histo- 
ry, Biography. 


Sir  Jas.  Mackintosh,  1766-1832, 
Hist,  of  England. 

Goo.  Chalmers,  1742-1825,  Po- 
litical Annnls. 

Marsden,  1755-1836,  Oriental 
Hist,  and  Travels. 

James  Mill,  177.3-1836,  History 
of  British  India. 

Robert  Morrison,  1782-1834, 
Travels,  Philology. 


1700  J.  Jortin,  109S-1770,  Divinity, 
Criticism. 

Lord  Kames,  1696-1782,  Ele- 
ments of  Criticism. 

R.  Lowth,  1710-1787,  Divinity, 
Philologv. 

W.  Blackstone,  1723-1780,  Laws 
of  England. 


Adam  Smith,  1723-1790,  'Wealth 

of  Nations.' 
J.  Harris.  1709-1780,  Philologv. 
John  Hunter,  1728-1793,  Med'i- 

cine. 
F.  Balguy,  1716-1795,  Divinity. 


T.  Reid,  1710-1796.  Metaphysics. 

Sir  J.  Reynolds,  1723-1792,  ArL 

S.  Horsley,  d.  1806,  Theology. 

Jos.  Pries'tley,  1733-1804,  Meta- 
p»hysics.  Chemistry. 

Hugh  Blair,  1719-lSOO.  Sermons. 

J.  Home  Tooke,  1736-1812,  Phi- 
lology. 

Wm.  Jones,  1747-1794,  Orien- 
talist. 

R.  Price,  1723-1791,  Metaphy- 
sies, Diviuitv. 

Wm.  Paley,  1743-1805,  Philo- 
logy. 

Richard  Person,  1759-lSOS,  Phi- 
lology. 

Thos.  Bcddoes,  1760-1808,  Medi- 
cine. 

N.  Maskelyne,  d.  1811,  Astro- 
nomy. 

G.  L.  .itaunton,  d.  1801,  Chinese 
Code. 

W.  Uersehel,  1738-1822,  Astro- 
nomy. 


1800  Arthur  Young,  1741-1820,  Agri- 
culture. 

A.  Rees,  1743-1825,  Cvclopanlia. 

Joseph  Banks,  1743-1820,  Natu- 
ral History. 

Dr.  Parr,  t/.1825.  Philology. 

D.  Ricardo,  d.  1823,  Political  Eco- 
noniv. 

C.  Hut'ton,  d.  1823,  Mathematics. 
J.  Playrair,(/.  1819,  Mathematics. 
P.  Elmsley,  Philology. 

T.  Wollaston,  Chemistry. 

Thos.  Young.  Hieroglvjdiics,  <fec. 

T.  Scott,  d.  1821,  Div'inity. 

D.  Stewart,  d.  1821,  Metaphysics. 
Vicesimus  Knox,  1752-1821,  Es- 
says. 

Malthus,  Political  Economy. 

Wm.  Hazlitt,  Critic  and  Ess,ayist. 

Francis  Jeffrey,  1773-1849,  Es- 
says, Criticism. 

Archbishop  Magee,  d.  1831,  Di- 
vinity. 

Sir  Humph.  Davy,  d.  1829,  Che- 
mistry. 

Jer.  Bentham,  d.  1832,  'Princi- 
eiples  of  Legislation.' 

Adam  Clarke,  1763-1832,  Divi- 
nity, Criticism. 

Arch.  Alison,  1757-1839,  Essays 
on  Taste. 

Francis  Baily,  1774-1844,  As- 
tronomy, &c. 

Bishop  Burgess,  1756-1837,  The- 
ology. 

Herbert  Marsh,  1758-1839,  The- 
ology. 

Thos.  Mitchell,  1783-1845,  Clas- 
sic. Critic. 


26 


INTRODUCTION. 


Imaqinatiox. 


180U    Thos.  Hood,  Pooms,  Novels,  Ac. 

Hannah  More,  1744-1833,  Po- 
ems, Tales. 

Jane  Porter,  1776-1850,  Novels. 

Wm.  Wordsworth,  1770-1S50, 
Poems. 

Kobert  Southey,  1774-1843, 
Poems. 

Lady  Blessington,  1789-1849, 
Novels. 


Charles  Lamb,  1775-1834,  Po- 
ems, Essays. 

S.  T.  Coleridge,  1773-1834, 
Ethics,  Poems. 

L.  E.  Landon  Maclean,  1804- 
1838,  Novels  and  Poems. 

Thos.  H.  Lister,  1801-1842,  No- 
vels, &c. 

William  Maginn,  1793-1842, 
Tales  anil  Poems. 

Marryat,  1792-1847,  Novels. 

John  Gait,  1779-1839,  Novels. 

Wm.  H.  Ireland,  Shaks.  Forge- 
ries. 

Lady  Morgan,  h.  1783,  Novels. 

Jas.  Morier,  b.  1780,  Novels. 

Thomas  Campbell,  1777-1844, 
Poems. 

John  Banim,  1800-1842,  Novels. 

Hen.  F.  Cary,  1772-1844,  Trans. 
Dante,  Ac. 


Pact. 


1800  Jas.  Grahame,  History  of  United 

States. 
John  Gillies,  1747-1S36,  History 

of  Greece. 
Basil  Hall,  1788-1844,  Travels 

and  Voyages. 
Wm.  Hone,    1779-1842,   Every 

Dav  Book. 
E.  &  J.  Landor,  1834,  Travels  in 

Africa. 


Pouthey,  1774-1843,  Biography. 

Wm.  Beckford,  1769-1844,  Tra- 
vels. 

Arch.  Alison,  History  of  Europe. 

Thos.  Arnold,  1795-1842,  His- 
tory of  Rome. 

Thos.  D.  Fosbrooke,  1770-1842, 
Archteologv. 

Thos.  MeCrie,  1772-1835,  Life 
of  Knox. 

Sir  John  Malcolm,  History  of 
Persia  and  India. 

I.  D'lsraeli,  1766-1848,  Curiosi- 
ties of  Literature. 


SPrCULATrVE  AND  SCIEXTIFIC. 


1800  Kobert  Mudie,  1777-1842,  Scien- 
tific Miscellanies. 

Sir  E.  Brydges,  1762-1837,  Mis- 
cellanies. 

Wm.  Cobbett,  1762-1835,  Poli- 
tics, Ac. 

J.  Dalton,  1766-1844,  Chemistry. 

J.  F.  Daniel,  1790-1845,  Chem. 

Sydney  Smith,  1777-1845,  Theo- 
logy. Essays,  Ac. 

John  Bonnycastle,  d.  1821,  Ma- 
thematics. 

Tliomas  Chalmers,  Theology  and 
Political  Economy. 

John  Leslie,  1832,  Mathemati- 
cian. 

J.  C.  London,  1783-1843,  Botany, 
Agriculture,  Architecture. 

John  Bell,  1763-1825,  Anatomy 
and  Physiology. 

Olinthus  'Gregory,  1774-1841, 
Mathematics  and  Religion. 

Robert  Hall,  1764-1S31,  Ser- 
mons. 

Sir  Chas.  Bell,  1781-1824,  Anato- 
my and  Physiology. 


The  following  may  be  named  as  among  the  best 
manvials  in  the  department  of  History,  Divinity,  Mo- 
ral and  Political  Philosophy,  Voyages,  and  Travels. 

I.  The  History  of  England.  Our  favourite  history 
is  the  "Pictorial,"  published  by  Messrs.  Charles 
Knight  &  Co.,  11  vols.,  with  Index  vol.,  imp.  8yo., 
1819-50  ;  from  B.  C.  55  to  A.  D.  184G. 

We  have  given  our  opinion  as  to  the  merits  of  this 
compilation,  when  treating  of  the  works  of  J.  Petit 
Andrews,  (q.  v.) 

As  regards  earlier  histories,  Hall's  History  of  the 
Houses  of  York  and  Lancaster,  Lelaad's  English  An- 
tiquities, Cavendish's  Life  of  Wolsey,  HoUingshed's 
Chronicles,  Buchanan's  History  of  Scotland,  Stowe's 
Chronicles,  Camden's  Britannia  and  Reign  of  Eliza- 
beth and  James  I.,  Daniel's  History  of  England, 
Speed's  History  of  Great  Britain,  Hayward's  English 
History,  Spelman's  Antiquities,  Lord  Bacon's  Henry 
VII.,  Lord  Herbert's  Life  of  Henry  VIII.,  Fuller's 
Church  History  and  Worthies  of  England,  and  Ba- 
ker's Chronicles  afford  sufficient  materials  to  the  most 
enthusiastic  lover  of  historic  lore. 

For  the  occurrences  of  the  memor.nble  days  of 
the  Commonwealth,  we  have  Harris's  Charles  I.  and 
Cromwell,  Neal's  History  of  the  Puritans,  Clai-en- 
don's  History  of  the  Rebellion,  May's  History  of 
Parliament,  and  the  works  of  Whitlocke,  Hutchinson, 
Prynne,  Holies,  Ludlow,  &c.  If  we  wish  to  see  how 
those  subjects  have  been  treated  by  modern  writers, 
we  have  Hume  and  Catherine  Macaulay  as  the  apolo- 
gists of  the  Stutirts  and  of  the  Republicans,  respect- 
ively, and  the  works  of  Godwin,  Foster,  and  Carlyle. 
The  following  historical  works  should  be  carefully 
read :  Burnet's  Own  Times,  Hearne's  History  and 
Antiquities,  Strype's  Ecclesiastical  History,  Echard's 
History  of  England,  the  mine  of  curious  erudition  in 
Carte's  History  of  England,  and  the  Life  of  the  Duke 


of  Ormonde, — Gi-.anger's  Biographical  History  of 
England,  Keightley's  History  of  England,  Sir  James 
Mackintosh's  History  of  the  Revolution  of  1088, 
Hallam's  Constitutional  History,  Miller's  George  III., 
Croly's  George  IV.,  Mr.  Macaulay's  Commencement 
of  the  History  of  England  from  the  Accession  of  James 
II.,  and  Smyth's  Lectures  on  Modern  History. 

For  a  knowledge  of  the  History  of  America,  the 
reader  should  consult  Robertson's  America,  Botta's 
Revolution,  Irving's  History  of  Columbus  and  his  Fol- 
lowers, Prescott's  Conquest  of  Mexico,  and  Conquest  of 
Peru,  Burke's  European  Settlements  in  N.  America, 
and  his  Speeches  on  America,  Grahame's,  Hildreth's, 
and  Bancroft's  History  of  the  United  States,  Sparks's 
Life  and  Writings  of  Washington,  Franklin,  and  Mor- 
ris, Sparks's  American  Biography,  first  and  second 
series,  Ramsay's  Life  of  Washington,  American  Revo- 
lution, Marshall's  Life  of  Washington,  Washington 
Irving's  ditto,  Holmes's  Anusils  of  America,  Flint's 
History  of  Iilississippi  Valley,  Theodore  Irving's  Con- 
quests of  Florida,  and  the  works  of  John  Adams, 
Hamilton,  John  Jay,  John  Q.  Adams,  Jefferson,  Cal- 
houn, Benton,  Webster,  Colton's  Life  of  Clay,  the  pa- 
pers in  the  Feder-alist,  Davis's  Life  of  Burr,  &c.  The 
works  of  Catliu  and  JIcKenney,  Hall  and  Schoolcraft, 
on  the  North  American  Indians,  should  not  be  neglected. 

The  History  of  British  India  will  be  found  in  the 
works  of  Orme,  Cambridge,  Mills,  Martin,  Malcolm's 
Life  of  Clive,  Gleig's  Memoirs  of  Hastings,  the  trial 
of  Warren  Hastings  in  the  works  of  Burke,  &c. 

II.  Among  Commentators  upon  the  Holy  Scriptures, 
may  be  mentioned  Doddridge,  Patrick,  Lowth,  Whit- 
by, Macknight,  D'Oyly,  Mant,  Henry,  Gill,  Scott, 
Clarke,  Burkitt,  Robinson,  Home,  Barnes,  Addisop, 
Alexander,  Turner,  Bush,  and  the  valuable  manuals 
of  Biblical  Bibliography  of  Home,  Orme,  Williams, 
and  Bickersteth.     The  English  language  is  exceed- 


INTRODUCTION. 


27 


ingly  rich  in  stei-ling  divinity.  Of  these  it  may  be 
sufficient  to  mention  Taylor,  Hooker,  Chillingworth, 
Mede,  Barrow,  Pearson,  Usher,  Hall,  Tenn,  Barclay, 
Tillotson,  Stillingfleet,  Bull,  Waterland,  Clarke,  Sher- 
lock, Warburton,  Seeker,  Jortin,  Lowth,  Leslie,  Owen, 
Hammond,  Leland,  Lardner,  Doddridge,  Watts,  Lati- 
mer, Edgeworth,  Seed,  South,  Sherlock,  Porteus, 
Horsley,  Paley,  Edwards,  Dwight,  Gisborne,  Kobert 
Hall,  Forster,  Chalmei-s,  and  Jay. 

III.  Among  Manuals  of  Devotion,  will  be  found  the 
Holy  Living  and  Dying  of  Jeremy  Taylor,  Private 
Thoughts  of  Bishop  Beveridge,  Reflections  on  the 
Holy  Spirit  by  AUis,  Scott's  Christian  Life,  Nelson's 
Fasts  and  Festivals,  the  Whole  Duty  of  Man,  the 
Ladies'  Calling,  and  the  Companions  to  the  Prayer 
Book  by  Cumber.  Wheatley,  and  Sparrow.  Jenks, 
Bean,  Cotteril,  Blomfield,  Hicks,  Downington,  Jay, 
and  others,  also  published  works  upon  this  most  im- 
portant branch  of  literature. 

IV.  In  Voyages  and  Travels,  the  voluminous  collec- 
tions of  Pinkerton,  Ilakluyt,  Kerr,  and  Porter,  and 
the  narratives  of  Humboldt,  Warburton,  Hall,  Lyell, 
Beckford,  Hobhouse,  V.alentia,  Barrow,  Murray,  Gar- 
diner, Davis,  Gutzlaff,  Langdon,  Russell,  Kohl,  Laing, 
Howitt,  Heber,  Head,  Combe,  Buckingham,  Marti- 
neau,  Frazer,  Gray,  Egerton,  Fellowes,  Rennell, 
Layard,  Kinnear,  Long,  Burnes,  Buck,  Robinson, 
Cramer,  Lindsay,  Wilson,  Wordsworth,  Eustace,  Ste- 
phens, Bayard  Taylor,  Fremont,  Wilkes,  Kane,  Lynch, 
and  others,  will  serve  to  profitably  beguile  many  a 
long  winter  evening.  See  Pycroft's  Course  of  Eng- 
lish Reading,  and  Dibdin's  Library  Companion. 

V.  In  Moral  Philosophy,  Paley  has  been  highly  com- 
mended ;  but  his  theory  of  expediency  is  radically  un- 
sound. Dymond's  Elements  of  Christian  Morality  we 
consider  the  best  work  of  the  kind  in  the  language. 
Chalmers's  Bridgewater  Treatise,  Mackintosh's  Dis- 
sertation on  the  Study  of  Ethical  Philosophy,  Beat- 
tie's  Principles  of  Moral  Science,  Abercrombie's  Phi- 


losophy of  the  Moral  Feelings,  Butler's  Works,  Foster's 
Essays  on  Decision  of  Character,  Mason  on  Self- 
Knowledge,  and  the  works  of  Whewell  and  Moore, 
should  be  carefully  studied. 

VI.  In  Political  Economy,  the  works  of  Adam  Smith, 
Bentham,  Mill,  Ricardo,  Malthus,  McCuUoch,  Marti- 
neau,  Carey,  Bishop  Potter  of  Penn.,  E.  Peshine  Smith, 
Newman,  Brougham,  Alison,  Jones,  Whately,  &c., 
will  give  the  reader  an  insight  into  this  vastly  impor- 
t.ant,  though  till  lately  much  misunderstood,  subject. 
The  Histories  of  Banking,  by  Hardcastle,  Gilbart, 
Lawson,  Bell,  G.allatin,  Gouge,  &c.,  ai-e  useful  works 
See  a  list  of  choice  works  in  Biography.  Bi))liography, 
and  Belles-Lettres,  in  the  Preface  to  this  volume,  and 
see  Index. 

We  have  now  pursued  the  subject  to  a  sufBcient 
extent  for  this  part  of  our  work.  The  reader  will 
see,  by  a  reference  to  the  Index  of  Subjects,  that  we 
have  mentioned  but  a  very  few  of  the  books  noticed 
in  our  Dictionary. 

We  have,  however,  thought  it  well,  in  the  preced- 
ing pages,  to  group  together  under  their  appropriate 
divisions,  a  number  of  works,  many  of  which  (in  the 
Historical  department,  for  instance.)  are  not  well 
known  to  the  ordinary  reader.  Full  justice  has  been 
done  to  the  extent  of  our  ability  to  these,  and  the 
other  departments  of  literature,  in  the  succeeding 
pages  of  this  volume.  The  author  is  not  willing  to 
doubt  that  the  anxious  labour  of  years  which  he  has 
zealously  bestowed  upon  this  work,  upon  which  the 
rising  and  the  setting  sun  have  so  often  found  him 
employed,  will  be  abundantly  rewarded  b}'  its  fruits. 
If  he  shall  induce  any  to  discover,  in  Literature,  a 
solace  in  sorrow,  a  companion  in  solitude,  a  safeguard 
to  morality,  an  incentive  to  virtue,  and  a  guide  to  the 
immortal  spirit  in  its  aspirations  after  the  good,  the 
true,  and  the  holy,  he  has  served  his  generation  and 
so  far  answered  the  ends  of  his  being. 


As  we  have  frequently  occasion  to  refer  to  the  reigns  of  different  English  sovereigns  without  specifying 
dates, — temp.  Edward  II.,  temj>.  Henry  IL,  &o., — the  following  table  of  the  Kings  and  Queens  of  England 
(from  Pulleyn's  Etymological  Compendium)  will  prove  of  great  service  to  the  reader. 


WiUiam  I. . 
William  It. 
Henry  I... . 


Stephen.. 


Benryll... 


BicJiard  /... . 

John 

Henry  Iir.... 
Eiliaard  I.... 
Edward  IT... 
Edward  III.. 
Riehardll... 


Henry  v.... 
Henry  YI.. 


Obtaiaeii  the  Crown  by  Conquest. 

4tb  son  of  Will.  I 

Youngest  son  ot  WiU.  1 


The  Hocse  of  Elois. 

3d  son  of  Slepben.  Earl  of  Blols, 

by  Adcla,  4th  daughter  ot  Will.  I 


The  House  of  Pla.n-tageset. 
Son   of  Geoffrey   Plantagenet.  by 

Matilda,  only  daughter  of  Hen .  1, 
Eldest  surviribg  son  of  Hen.  II. . . 
6lh  aud  youngest  son  of  Hen.  II... 

Eldest  son  of  John 

Eldest  son  of  Hen.  Ill 

Eldest  surviving  son  of  Ed.  I 

Eldest  son  of  Ed.  II 

Son  of  the  Black  Prince,  eld.  son 

ofEd.m 


The  House  of  Lancasteb. 
Son  of  John  of  Gaunt,  4th  son  of 

Ed. Ill 

Eldest  son  of  Hen.  IV 

Only  son  of  Hen.  T 


1066 

10S7 
1100 


1154 

lua 
nay 
ii'ie 

l.'7-J 
13« 
1327 


The  House  of  Tobk. 

His  grandfather.  Richard,  was  son 
of  Edmund.  5th  son  of  Ed.  III.; 
and  his  graudinother,  Anne,  was 
gre..it-grand.daughter  of  Lionel, 

:id  son  of  Ed.  Ill 1461 

Pldestsou  of  Ed.  IV 14-Kl 

Younger  brother  of  Ed.  IV Il4^ 


Died. 

A-e. 

Wh 
Eciga. 

1087 
1100 
1135 

60 
43 

68 

21 
13 
35 

U51 

49 

19 

11S9 

lly9 

1L'16 

v^ri 

1307 
13.'7 
1377 

56 
41 
49 
66 
07 
43 
65 

35 
10 
17 
56 
35 
20 
50 

1400 

33 

22 

1413 
1  irj 
1471 

46 
34 
49 

14 
9 
39 

14S3 
H«3 

42 
11 
42 

22 
0 
2 

Eenry  VII. . 


Bcnry  VIII.. 
Edward  ri.. 
ifary 


Charles  /.... 
Interrefinum. 
Charles  II... 
James  II..... 
WUUamlll. 


George  I- . 


Oeorge  II..., 
Georqe  III. . 
George  IV... 
Wil/iiim  IV. 
Victoria 


The  Hodse  op  Tddor. 

His  fatlterwas  Edmund,  eldest  sod 
ot  Oiveu  Tudor  and  Queen  Cathe- 
rine, widow  of  Hen.  V. ;  and  liis 
motlier  was  Margaret  BeauTort, 
groal-tTand-daugbler  of  John  of 
Gaunt 

Only  surviving  son  of  Hen,  11 

Son  of  Hen.  VIII.  by  Jane  Seymour 

Daugbler  of  Hen.  VILI.  by  Cath.  ot 
Arragon 

Daughter   of  Hen.  VIII,  by  Axiue 

Boleyn 

Tbk  House  op  Stcast. 

Son  of  Mary  Queen  of  Scots,  grand- 
daughter of  James  IV.  and  Mar- 
garet, eldest  daughter  of  Hen. 
VII 

Only  surviving  son  of  Janiea  I.... 


Eldest  son  of  Charlea  I 

Only  surviving  son  of  Charles  I.. 
Son  of  Will,  of  Kassau,  by  Mary  1 

daughter  of  Charles  I > 

Eldest  daughter  of  James  II } 

Daughter  of  James  II 

The  H0D8E  OP  Hakotbb. 
Eldest  son  of  the  Duke  of  IJnnover. 

by  Sophia,  daughter  of  Frtd.  V.. 

King  of  Bohemia,  and  Elixat'Olh, 

daughter  of  James  I 

Only  son  of  George  I 

Grandson  of  George  II 

Eldest  son  of  George  III.. 

3d  sou  of  George  III 

Daugblerof  Edward.  Dukeof  Kent. 

4th  son  of  George  Ul 


1603 
lfii'5 


16H0 


1688^ 
1702 


ITU 
1727 
17t50 


1837  Whnm  God  Preterve. 


DICTIONAEY 


gvifc^  anir  ^mxkm  literature  an^  |iiit|or5. 


ABB 

Abbot,  Abiel,  D.D.,  1770-1828,  a  native  of  Andovcr, 
Mass.,  graJuatecl  at  Harvard  College  in  1787,  accepted  a 
pastoral  charge  at  llaverliill  about  1704,  at  Beverly  about 
1802.  He  was  the  author  of.  1.  Letters  from  Cuba,  Bos- 
ton, 1829.  2.  Artillery  Election  Sermon,  1802.  3.  Ser- 
mons to  Mariners,  1812.      4.  Address  on   Intemperance, 

1815.  5.  Sermon  before  the  Salem  Missionary  Society, 

1816.  6.  Sermon  before  the  Bible  Society  of  Salem,  1817. 
7.  Convention  Sermon,  1S27. 

"  Dr.  Abbot  was  very  courteous  and  interesting  in  social  inter- 
course, and  was  eloi|ueut  in  preaching." 

See  Allen's  Amer.  Biog.  Diet. ;  Flint's  Serm. ;  Sljetcli  In 
a  Letter  from  Cuba. 

Abbot,  Charles,  D.D.,  F.L.S.,  Vicar  of  Oakley 
Raynes,  Bedfordshire;  author  of,  1.  Flora  Bedfordiensis, 
1798.     2.  A  Monody  on  the  Death  of  Lord  Nelson,  1805. 

3.  Sermon  on  the  Death  of  Horatio,  Lord  Nelson,  1S06. 

4.  Parochial  Divinity,  or  Sermons  on  Various  Subjects, 
1807. 

Abbot,  Charles,  Lord  Colchester,  1757-1829,  was  the 
son  of  the  Rev.  John  Abbot,  D.D.,  Rector  of  All-Samts, 
Colchester;  educated  at  Westminster  School,  and  Oxford. 
In  17S)5,  he  became  M.P.  for  Halston,  and  Speaker  of  the 
House,  Feb.  10,  1802.  In  181.3,  ho  defeated  the  Roman 
Catholic  Bill  in  committee.  For  fifteen  years  ho  held  the 
office  of  Speaker  H.C.,  and  on  his  retirement  was  created 
Baron  Colchester.  Ho  was  tho  author  of  an  essay  On  the 
Use  and  Abuse  of  Satire,  Oxf.,  1786.  Speech  in  the  Com- 
mittee of  tho  House  of  Commons  on  the  Catholic  Question, 
1813. 

Abbot,  Charles,  Lord  Tenterden,  1762-1832,  one  of 
the  Judges  in  the  Court  of  King's  Bench.  Having  been 
so  long  accustomed  to  tho  Bench,  his  lordship  exhibited 
in  his  last  moments  a  striking  instance  of  the  tenacity  of 
tho  "  ruling  passion."  The  members  of  his  family  were 
gathered  around  him,  to  discharge  tho  last  sad  offices  of 
kindness,  when  ho  was  observed  to  move  his  hand  along 
the  pillow,  as  if  in  the  act  of  writing,  and  directly  after- 
wards, he  was  hoard  to  exclaim,  almost  in  his  official  tone, 
"Gentlemen  of  the  jury,  you  may  retire  ;"  ho  then  closed 
his  eyes,  and  expired.  Author  of,  1.  Rules  and  Orders  on 
the  Plea  Side  of  tho  Court  of  King's  Bench,  Ac,  1795. 
2.  Jurisprudence  and  Practice  of  tho  Court  of  Great  Ses- 
sions of  Wales  on  tho  Chester  Circuit,  London,  1795,  9 
vols.  3.  Treatise  on  the  Law  relating  to  Merchant  Ships 
and  Seamen,  in  four  parts,  1802.  The  seventh  edition  of 
this  work,  edited  by  Wm.  Shoe,  was  published  Loudon, 
1844;  Boston,  1816;  eighth  Loud,  edition,  1847,  royal  8vo. 
"This  book  isaleral  classic  of  hish  character,  and  is  frequently 
cUe4  upon  questions  of  Commercial  Law  not  altered  by  statute. 
It  is  equally  distinguished  for  practical  good-sense,  and  for  exten- 
sive and  accurate  learning,  remarkably  compressed,  and  appropri- 
ately applied.  Chancellor  Kent  made  it  the  basis  of  the  forty- 
seventn  lecture  of  his  Commentaries  upon  American  Law.    There 

r,5^i"  *™  American  editions  of  the  work ;  but  those  of  1810 
and  1823,  enriched  with  notes  and  references  to  American  cases 
by  Mr.  Justice  Mory,  are  the  most  valuable,  except  the  late  edition, 
In  the  fourth  American  edition,  (1829.)  now  out  of  print,  the 
learned  annotator  recast  the  notes  and  added  many  new  one'!.  A 
new  American  edition  has  just  been  published,  (1845.)  containing 
the  notes  of  Story  and  shoe,  together  with  notes  of  American  deci- 
sions, by  J.  C.  Perkins.  Esq.  This  edition  is  the  most  desir,aUe 
one  for  the  American  lawyer.  Abbot's  was  the  first  English  trea- 
tise devoted  exclusively  to  the  law  of  shipping.  In  1819,  the 
work  was  translated  into  Portuguese.  The  late  English  edition 
by  Shoe  IS  well  spoken  of  13  Ves.  699;  3  Kent's  Com.  2S0;  9  Legal 
Observer,  276;  1  Angell's  Law  Int<jlligencer,  73;  1  A.  J.  321;  4 
Jm-ist,  C42." — Marvin's  Legal  Bibliography. 


ABB 

Sixth  American  edition,  with  additional  annotations  by 
J.  C.  Perkins,  Boston,  1850 ;  seventh  edition,  royal  Svo. 

"This  is  truly  a  m.aguificent  volume,  of  more  than  a  thousand 
pages,  containing  tho  treatise  of  Lord  Tenterden,  or  Mr.  Abbot,  as 
he  is  better  known,  with  the  additions  of  Sergeant  Shee,  and  the 
notes  of  Judge  Story  and  Mr.  Perkins.  In  all  that  relates  to  the 
mechanical  execution,  table  of  cases,  index,  annotations,  and  ap- 
pendix, this  is  incomparably  the  best  edition  of  *  Abbot  on  Ship- 
ping,' that  has  ever  been  published." — Law  /I'cjwrfer. 

Abbot,  George,  Archbishop  of  Canterbury,  1562- 
1633,  was  a  n.ative  of  Guildford,  Surrey.  Anthony  Wood 
tells  us,  at  tho  time  he  wrote  the  life  of  Robert,  the  brother 
of  George,  that  the  house  where  these  brothers,  afterwards 
so  distinguished,  were  born,  was  occupied  as  an  ale-house, 
bearing  the  sign  of  tho  Three  Mariners ;  it  was  situated 
by  the  river's  side,  near  to  tho  bridge,  on  tho  north  side 
of  the  street,  in  St.  Nicholas's  parish.  Their  father,  a 
cloth-worker,  evinced  a  laudable  zeal  for  their  welfare  by 
having  them  instructed  in  the  Free  School  of  their  native 
place,  and  then  sending  them  in  succession  to  Baliol  Col- 
lege, Oxford.  The  two  boys,  thus  benefited  by  paternal 
care,  lived  to  reward  this  fatherly  interest  by  the  eminence 
and  usefulness  to  which  they  both  attained.  Robert  be- 
came Bishop  of  Salisbury,  and  George,  the  subject  of  our 
memoir.  Archbishop  of  Canterbury.  George  entered  Ba- 
liol College  in  1578 ;  became  a  Fellow  in  1593 ;  took  his 
degree  of  D.D.  in  1597,  and  was  chosen  in  the  same  year 
Principal  of  University  College.  Ho  was  installed  Dean 
of  Winchester  in  1599,  and  the  year  following  was  chosen 
Vice-Chancellor  of  the  University  of  Oxford,  to  which  he 
was  again  elected  in  1003,  and  in  1608.  Dr.  Abbot  was 
ono  of  the  eight  Oxford  divines  to  \/hom  was  committed 
the  duty  of  translating  the  New  Testament,  (with  the  ex- 
ception of  the  Epistles,)  when  tho  version  by  command  of 
King  James  was  undertaken  in  1004.  Wood  speaks  highly 
of  his  erudition : 

"  He  was  also  a  learned  man.  and  h.id  his  ertidition  all  of  the 
old  stamp.  The  things  that  he  hath  written  show  him  to  be  a 
mau  of  parts,  learning,  vigilance,  and  unwearied  study,  though 
OTerwhelmed  with  business." — Allien.  Oxoii. 

When  an  effort  was  made  in  1608  to  effect  a  union  between 
tho  national  churches  of  Scotland  and  England,  Hume,  Earl 
of  Dunbar,  and  Dr.  Abbot  were  despatched  to  Scotland  to 
further  this  object.  An  arraugoment  was  made  by  which 
tho  bishops  were  to  be  perpetual  moderators  in  the  diocesan 
synods,  and  had  the  power  of  presentation  to  heuoflces, 
and  of  deprivation  or  suspension.  The  preferment  which 
rewarded  Abbot's  successful  management  of  this  delicate 
business,  is  the  best  evidence  of  the  approbation  with 
which  he  was  regarded  by  his  royal  patron.  The  bishopric 
of  Lichfield  and  Coventry  became  vacant  in  1609  by  tho 
death  of  Dr.  Overton,  and  Dr.  Abbot  was  appointed  his 
successor.  In  tho  next  month  ho  was  translated  to  tho 
see  of  London,  vacant  by  the  death  of  Dr.  Thomas  Ravis ; 
and  Archbishop  B.ancroft  ilying  in  1610,  Bishop  Abbot  was 
raised  to  tho  archieiiiscopal  see  of  Canterbury. 

It  is  not  improbable  that  ho  owed  his  advancement  as 
much  to  his  adulation  of  his  royal  master — whose  love  of 
flattery  is  well  known — as  to  tho  real  merit  which  he  un- 
questionably possessed,  aud  his  sincere  attachment  to  the 
Protestant  cause,  in  which  his  parents  had  suflered  consi- 
derably. In  the  preface  to  ono  of  his  pamphlets,  tho  fol- 
lowing specimen  of  ridiculous  flattery  occurs ; — speaking 
of  the  king,  he  says  : 

"  Whose  life  hath  been  so  imm.aculate,  and  unspotted,  ic,  that 
even  malice  itsoU;  wliich  leaves  nothing  uusear.jhed,  could  neve* 

29 


ABB 


ABB 


find  true  Memisli  in  it,  nor  cast  profitable  aspersion  on  it.  Zeal- 
ous as  a  David;  learned  and  wise,  the  Solomon  of  oui*  age;  reli- 
gious as  Josias;  careful  of  spreading  Cln-ist's  faith  as  Constantine 
the  fireat;  just  as  Moses;  undefiled  in  all  his  ways  as  a  Jehosha- 
phat  and  Ilezekiah;  full  of  clemency  as  another  theodosius." 

It  would  also  appear,  from  a  letter  of  King  James's  to 
Abbot,  first  published  by  Dean  Sherlock,  that  his  ideas  of 
regal  power  were  little  likely  to  give  offence  even  to  such 
a  prince  as  James  j  nevertheless  Abbot  could  sometimes 
oppose  the  will  of  his  sovereign  with  great  decision  and 
firmness,  and  his  moderation  in  the  exercise  of  his  high 
functions  recommended  him  greatly  to  the  Puritan  and 
popular  party.  He  strenuously  promoted  the  projected 
match  between  the  Elector  Palatine  and  the  Princess 
Klizabeth,  and  performed  their  nuptial  eeremonyj  on  the 
Uth  of  February,  1612. 

"  It  was  accept;ible  news,"  says  Neal,  "  to  the  English  Puritans, 
to  hear  of  a  Protestant  prince  in  Bohemia;  and  thi-y  e;irnestly  d^^ 
sired  his  majesty  to  support  him,  as  appears  by  Archbishop  Ab- 
bot's letter,  who  was  known  to  speak  the  sense  of  that  whole 
party.  This  prelate  being  asked  his  opinion  as  a  privy  councillor, 
while  he  was  coutined  to  his  bed  with  the  gout,  wrote  the  follow- 
ing letter  to  the  secretaiy  of  state : — '  That  it  was  his  opinion,  that 
the  elector  should  accept  the  crown;  that  Kugland  should  support 
him  openly ;  and  that  as  soon  as  news  of  his  coronation  should 
arrive,  the  bells  should  be  rung,  guns  fired,  and  bonfires  made  to 
let  all  England  see  that  the  king  was  det^?rmined  to  countenance 
him.'  The  archbishop  adds,  '  It  is  a  great  honour  to  our  king  to 
have  such  a  son  made  a  king;  methinks  I  foresee  in  this  the  work 
of  God,  that  by  degrees  the  kings  of  the  earth  ^all  leave  the 
whore  to  desolation.  Our  striking  in  will  comfort  the  Bohemians, 
and  bring  in  the  Dutch  and  the  Dane,  and  Ilnnicary  will  run  the 
same  fortune.  As  for  money  and  means,  let  us  trust  God  and  the 
Parliament,  as  the  old  and  honourable  means  of  raising  money. 
This  from  my  bed,  (says  the  brave  old  prelate.)  September  12, 1619, 
and  when  I  can  stand,  I  will  do  better  serviw.' " 

'■  The  affair  of  the  divorce  of  the  Lady  Essex,  has  been  consi- 
dered one  of  the  greatest  blemishes  of  James's  reign.  The  king 
referred  the  matter  to  a  court  of  delegates,  consisting  of  bishops 
and  civilians,  which  he  expected  would  decide  in  favoua-  of  the 
divorce;  but  the  archbishop  boldly  resisted  the  measure,  and  sen- 
tence was  given  in  the  lady's  favour.  On  another  occasion,  the 
archbishop  set  himself  against  the  views  and  wishes  of  the  king 
and  court,  when  these  ran  counter  to  a  bibber  allegiance  which  he 
owed.  Happening  to  be  at  Croydon,  in  ItilS,  on  the  day  when  the 
king's  proclamation  permitting  sports  and  pastimes  on  the  Sab- 
bath, was  ordered  to  be  read  in  all  churches,  ho  forbade  it  to  be 
published  in  the  chiu-ch  of  that  place.'' — C'anningham's  Biog.  His- 
tory of  EngJayxd. 

"In  1021,  whilst  taking  a  journey  into  Hampshire,  the  arch- 
bishop was  invited  by  Lord  Zonch  to  hunt  in  Bramhill  Paik.  Pre- 
tending to  be  a  woodman,  he  took  up  a  crossbow  to  make  a  shot 
at  a  buck,  but  unhappily  hit  the  keeper,  who  had  run  in  among 
tho  herd  of  deer,  to  bring  them  up  to  a  fairer  mark.  The  arrow 
pierced  the  left  arm,  and  dividing  the  large  axillary  vessels, 
caused  instantaneous  death.  *  He  never  spake  after,'  says  Fuller, 
'  as  the  person,  still  alive  at  Croydon,  who  brought  off  his  body, 
Informed  me.'  This  untoward  event  caused  the  greatest  conster- 
nation— the  like  had  never  happened  in  the  Church  of  England; 
it  was  a  sore  afiliction  to  many  good  men,  who  lamented  the  scan- 
dal which  must  by  this  untoward  accident  inevitably  MX  upon 
the  chun.h ;  for  in  the  eye  of  general  councils,  and  the  canon  law. 
the  archbishop  was  wonderfully  tainted,  and  made  incapable  of 
performing  any  sacred  function.  By  the  common  law,  his  personal 
estate  was  forfeited  to  the  king,  who  graciously  sent  him  a  letter 
under  his  own  hand, '  that  he  would  not  add  affliction  to  his  sor- 
row, nor  take  one  farthing  from  his  chattels  and  movables.' 
IlACKET,  p.  65.  But  the  scandal  brought  upon  the  church  was 
not  so  readily  removed ;  it  was  a  subject  of  discourse  in  the  foreign 
universities,  and  after  three  several  disputations,  was  declared  by 
the  Sorbonnists  to  amount  to  a  positive  irregularity.  To  add  to 
the  difSculty,  four  bishops  elect  were  waiting  for  their  consecrsr 
tion: — Dr.  Williams,  elect  of  Lincoln;  Dr.  Da  venant.  of  Salisbury; 
Dr.  Gary,  of  Exeter ;  Dr.  Laud,  of  St.  David's ;  all  of  whom,  except 
Davenant,  who  was  under  personal  obligations  to  the  archbishop, 
scrupled  to  have  his  hands  laid  upon  them,  and  declined  his  coo- 
secration ;  '  not  out  of  enmity,  or  superstition,  (s.ays  Uacket,  p,  66,) 
but  to  be  wary,  that  they  might  not  be  attainted  with  the  conta^ 
gion  of  his  scandal,  and  uncanonical  condition.'  To  determine  the 
question,  and  settle  men's  minds,  the  king  directed  a  commission 
on  the  3d  of  October,  to  the  Lord  Keeper,  (AVilliams.)  the  Bishops 
of  London,  (Montague,)  Winchester,  (Andrews,)  and  llochester, 
^Buckeridge;)  to  tho  elects  of  Exeter,  (Cary,)  and  St.  David's. 
(Laud:)  Sir  Henry  Hobart,  lord  chief  justiceoftheCommon  Pleas; 
Sir  John  Doddridge,  one  of  the  justices  of  the  King's  Bench;  Sir 
Henry  JLartin,  dean  of  the  arches;  and  Dr.  Steward,  a  civilian. 
The  three  following  questions  were  submitted  to  their  decision : — 
1.  mtdhcr  the  archbishop  were  irregular  by  the  fact  of  involuntary 
homicitht  The  two  judges  and  two  civilians"  held  "the  negative; 
tho  other.'^  held  tlmthe  was  irregulai-,  except  Bishop  Andrews,  who 
said  that  he  could  not  conclude  so.  2.  Whether  the  act  might  tend 
to  a  scandal  in  a  churchman  f  BishopAndrews.SirH.  Hohart.  and 
Dr.  Steward,  doubted.  The  rest  concurred  that  there  might  arise 
from  such  an  acciilcnt.'scantlalumacceptum  noil  datum.'  ~  3.  How 
the  archbishop  should  be  restored  in  casehc  should  lefnundinrgvlar? 
All  agreed  that  it  could  bo  no  othervrise  than  by  restitution  from 
the  kmiv.  but  they  dissented  in  the  manner  of  its  being  done. 
.  .  .  But  though  tlio  archbishop  was  thus  absolved,  Willi.abis  and 
the  others  still  scrupled  at  receiving  consecration  from  his  hands, 
and  tho  king  tber^-fore  permitted  them  to  bo  otherwise  conse- 
crated."— .Sir  IJit'g.  Brit. 

The  archbishop  petitioned  tho  king  to  bo  permitted  to 
retire,  and  spend  the  remainder  of  his  days  at  his  own  alms- 
30 


house  at  Guildford. — HoiccVs  Letters,  p.  123.  However, 
after  the  decision  of  the  commission,  he  returned  to  Lam- 
beth, and  resumed  his  functions.  A  monthly  fast  and  £20 
per  annum  to  the  widow  proved  the  sincerity  of  his  grief. 
After  much  ill  health,  which  for  a  season  caused  a,  suspen- 
sion of  the  discharge  of  his  episcopal  duties,  he  regained 
his  health  in  a  great  measure,  as  is  proved  by  the  following 
anecdote,  extracted  from  a  MS.  letter  in  the  British  Mu- 
seum : 

"One  day  the  last  week,  my  lord  of  Arundel,  and  his  son,  my 
lord  Maltravers,  having  espied  my  lord  of  Canterbury's  coach  on 
Barnsted  Down,  coming  towards  theirs,  before  they  came  a  butt's 
length  short  of  it,  both  their  lordships  .alighted,  and  went  a  great 
pace  towards  his  grace's  coach,  who,  when  they  were  approached, 
saidj  '  What !  and  must  my  lord  Marsh;il  of  England  tiike  so  great 
pains  to  do  me  so  much  honour?  Were  my  legs  as  good  as  my 
heart,  I  should  have  met  your  lordships  the  better  half  of  the 
way.'  Then  my  lord  of  Arundel  replied,  •  It  might  well  become  an 
earl  Marshal  to  give  so  much  respect  to  an  Archbishop  of  Cautef- 
bmy.'  His  grace,  by  his  diet,  hath  so  moderated  his  gout,  as  it  is 
now  rather  an  infirmity  than  a  pain.  He  looks  fresh,  and  enjoys 
his  health,  and  hath  his  wits  and  intellectuals  about  him.  So 
that,  if  any  other  prelate  do  gape  after  his  benefice,  bis  grace,  per- 
haps, according  to  the  old  and  homely  proverb,  [may]  eat  of  the 
goo.se  which  shall  graze  upon  his  grave."' — Harl.  MSS.,  7000. 

His  grace  was  never  married,  and  seems  to  have  had  a 
natural  antipathy  to  women.  One  day,  (as  Fuller  tells  us 
in  his  Appeal,  &c.)  returning  in  his  coach  to  Croydon, 
from  which  he  had  been  some  time  absent,  many  people, 
most  women,  some  of  good  quality,  partly  from  curiosity 
and  novelty,  crow<lcd  around  his  coach  to  see  him.  The 
archbishop,  unwilling  to  be  gazed  at,  and  never  partial  to 
females,  exclaimed,  somewhat  churlishly,  ""What  makes 
these  women  here?"'  ''You  had  best,"  said  one  of  them, 
"  shoot  an  arrow  at  us."  The  archbishop  died  at  Croydon 
on  Sunday,  August  4, 1633.  His  remissness  in  matters  of 
church  discipline  has  been  much  censiu'ed. — Jioae'a  Biog: 
Diet.  J  JWEstrcnge^s  Charles  I. 

For  further  particulars  respecting  this  prelate,  the  reader 
is  referred  to  the  recorded  opinions  of  his  contemporaries, 
Hacket,  Fuller,  Osberne,  Clarendon,  Sanderson,  Goodman, 
Heylin,  and  others;  also  to  L'Estrange's  "  Reign  of  King 
Charles,"  and  the  Biographia  Britannica. 

When  Grotius  was  sent  to  England  upon  behalf  of  the 
"Remonstrants,"  he  does  not  seem  to  have  made  a  very 
favoxirable  impression  upon  the  archbishop,  who  draws  no 
flattering  picture  of  the  great  scholar  in  a  letter  to  Sir 
Ralph  Winwood.  (See  Biog.  Britannica.)  Some  extracts 
from  this  curious  epistle  will  not  be  uninteresting  to  the 
reader. 

"At  his  first  coming  to  tho  king,  by  reason  of  his  good  Latin 
tongue,  he  was  so  tedious,  and  full  of  tittle-tattle,  that  the  king's 
judgment  was  of  him,  that  he  was  some  pedant,  full  of  words,aud 
of  no  great  judgment.  And  I  myself  discovering  that  to  be  his 
habit,  as  if  he  did  imagine  that  every  man  was  bound  to  hear  him, 
so  long  as  he  would  talk,  (which  is  a  great  burthen  to  men  replete 
with  business,)  did  privately  give  liim  notice  thereof,  th.it  he 
should  plainly  and  directly  deliver  bis  mind,  or  else  he  would 
m;ike  the  king  weary  of  him.  This,  one  would  think,  would  prove 
a  sufficient  bint  to  the  garrulous  Hollander  to  repress  bis  loqua- 
city, but  it  sc-ems  otherwise.  Afterwards  he  fell  to  it  again,  as  was 
especially  observed  one  night  at  supper,  at  the  Lord  Bishop  of 
Ely's,  whither  being  brought  by  Mr.  Casanbon,  (as  I  think.)  my 
lord  intreated  him  to  stay  to  supper,  which  he  did.  There  was 
present,  Dr.  Steward,  and  another  civilian,  unto  whom  he  tiings 
out  some  question  of  that  profession,  and  was  so  full  of  words, 
that  Dr.  Steward  afterwards  told  my  lord,  that  he  did  perceive  by 
him,  that  like  a  smattcrer,  he  had  studied  some  two  or  three  ques- 
tions, whereof  when  he  came  in  company,  he  must  be  talking  to 
vindicate  his  skill;  but  if  he  were  put  irom  those,  he  would  show 
himself  but  a  simple  fellow." 

What  a  character  of  tho  great  Grotius !  He  seems  to 
have  been  a  kind  of  ancient  Coleridge,  without  the  patient 
audience,  and  remarkable  power  of  attraction,  which  that 
eminent  conversationist  so  often  enjoyed.  The  hospitable 
prelate  of  Ely  seems  to  havo  been  as  much  overwhelmed 
with  the  tide  of  talk  as  were  the  guests : 

"  My  lord  of  Ely.  sitting  still  at  the  supper  all  the  while,  and 
wondering  what  a  man  he  had  there,  who,  never  being  in  the  plft'.-o 
or  company  before,  could  overwhelm  with  talk  for  so  long  a  time.' 

The  archbishop  was  the  author  of  the  following  works  : 

1.  QucBStioues  Sex,  totidem  Pra?lectionibus  in  schola  The- 
ologica  Osonire  iiro  forma  habitis  discussEe  ct  disceptatc, 
Anno  1597  J  in  quibus  c  Sacra  Scriptura  et  Patribus  Anti- 
quissimus  quid  statuendum  sit,  definit,  Oxon.  1598,  4to. 
Franckfort,  1616,  4to,  published  by  Abraham    Seulotus. 

2.  Exposition  on  the  Prophet  Jonah,  by  way  of  Sermon, 
Oxford,  lC00.4to.  These  sermons  were  received  with  great 
applause,  and  were  reprinted  in  1613.  3.  A  preface  to  the 
examination  of  George  Sprot,  Tho  reasons  which  Dr. 
Hill  hath  brought  for  the  upholding  of  Papistry,  Oxon. 
160-1,  4to.  4.  Sermon  preached  at  Westminster,  at  the 
Funeral  of  the  Earl  of  Dorset,  IGOS,  4to.  5.  Translation 
of  a  part  of  the  Kew  Testament,  with  the  rest  of  the  Ox- 


ABB 


ABB 


ford  Dirino'',  1611.  6.  Geography,  or  a  Brief  Description 
of  the  Whole  WorlJ,  wherein  is  particulurly  described  all 
the  Monarchies,  Empires,  and  Kingdoms  of  the  same,  with 
their  Academies,  London,  1617,  4to ;  16:i6,  16i2,  i2mo; 
1664,  8vo;  numerous  editions.  7.  A  Short  Apology  for 
Archbishop  Abbot,  touching  the  death  of  Peter  Ilawkins. 
8.  A  Treatise  on  the  Visibility  and  Succession  of  the  true 
Church  in  all  Ages,  London,  1624,  4to,  (anon.)  9.  Narra- 
tire,  containing  the  true  Cause  of  his  Sequestration  and 
Disgrace  at  Court,  in  two  parts,  written  at  Ford  in  Kent, 
1627.  10.  Judgment  on  Bowing  at  the  Name  of  Jesus, 
Hamb.,  1632,  8vo.  11.  History  of  the  Massacre  in  the 
Valtoline.  (See  Fox's  Acts.)  12  Answer  to  the  Questions 
of  the  Citizens  of  London,  concerning  Cheapside  Cross,  in 
January,  1600,  not  printed  until  1641.  1.3.  The  Case,  Ac, 
as  debated  in  England  anno  161M,  in  the  Trial  between 
Kobert  Earl  of  Essex,  and  the  Lady  Frances  Howard;  re- 
printed in  London,  1715,  12mo.  We  also  refer  the  reader 
to  the  Life  of  Dr.  George  Abbot,  Lord  Archbishop  of  Can- 
terbury, reprinted  with  some  additions  and  corrections 
from  the  Diographia  Britannica,  with  his  character  by  the 
Et,  Hon.  Arthur  Onslow;  A  Description  of  the  Hospital 
which  he  erected  and  endowed,  in  his  native  town  of 
Guildford  in  Surrey ;  Correct  Copies  of  the  Charter  and 
Statutes  of  the  same;  his  Will,  Ac.  To  which  are  added 
the  Lives  of  his  two  Brothers.  Dr.  Robert  Abbot,  and  Sir 
Thomas  Maurice  Abbot,  Guilf.  1777,  Svo.  The  exposi- 
tion on  Jonah 

"  In  genuine  worth  is.  to  many  works  of  a  liko  kind,  as  the  solid 
weight  to  the  small  dust  of  the  b.ilance." — Eclectic  Jieviciv. 

Abbot,  George,  1604-1648,  nephew  of  the  preceding. 
Elected  probationer  fellow  of  Merton  College,  Oxford, 
1624.  He  married  a  daughter  of  Colonel  Purefoy,  of 
CalJecote-hall,  Warwickshii-e,  and  defended  the  colonel's 
house,  by  the  help  of  his  servants  only,  against  Princes 
Rupert  and  Maurice,  with  eighteen  troops  of  horse.  He 
wrote,  1.  The  whole  Book  of  Job  paraphrased,  London, 
4to,  1640.  2.  Vindiciai  Sabbati,  or  an  answer  to  two  trea- 
tises of  Mr.  Broad,  London,  1641,  4to.  3.  Brief  Notes 
upon  the  whole  Book  of  Psalms,  London,  1651,  4to.  He 
died  February  4,  1648. 

Abbot,  Henry,  Lecturer  of  St.  John's  the  Baptist, 
Bristol.  Author  of,  1.  County  Feast,  a  Sermon  on  Psalm 
cxxxiii.  1,  Bristol,  1703.  2.  The  Use  and  Benefit  of  Church 
Music,  towards  quickening  our  Devotion ;  on  Psalm  Isxxi. 
12,  1724. 

Abbot,  Henry.  The  Transport's  Monitor.  London, 
1805. 

Abbot,  Hull,  a  minister  of  Charlestown,  Massachu- 
setts, graduated  at  Harvard  College,  1720,  ordained  Feb- 
ruary 5, 1724,  and  died  April  19, 1774,  aged  SO  years.  He 
published  the  following  sermons: — 1.  On  the  Artillery 
Election,  1735.  2.  On  the  Rebellion  in  Scotland,  1746. 
3.  Against  Profane  Cursing  and  Swearing,  1747. 

Abbot,  John,  author  of  a  poem  entitled  Jesus  Pre- 
figured ;  or  a  Poeme  of  the  Holy  Name  of  Jesus.  Per- 
missu  Superiorum,  1623,  4to,  dedicated  to  Prince  Charles. 
Nassau's  Sale,  No.  136,  I63. 

Abbot,  John,  many  years  a  resident  of  Georgia.  The 
Natural  History  of  the  rarer  Lepidojjterous  Insects  of 
Georgia.  Edited  by  Sir  J.  E.  Smith,  London,  1797,  with 
104  coloured  plates;  published  at  £21. 

■•  A  sumptuous  work,  but  in  little  estimation,  as  the  platiis  are 
not  considered  accurate." — LowxDES. 

Abbot,  Robert,  1560-1617,  elder  brother  to  the  Arch- 
bishop, was  educated  at  the  same  school  with  his  brother. 
Upon  an  oration  made  by  him,  on  the  day  of  Queen  Eliz- 
abeth's inauguration,  he  was  chosen  scholar  of  Baliol 
College.  In  1594,  he  obtained  some  celebrity  as  an  author 
by  a  book  which  he  published  against  a  Romanist,  entitled 
The  Mirror  of  Popish  SubtUties,  Ac.  In  1597,  he  was 
made  a  doctor  of  divinity;  in  1601,  he  published  The 
Exultation  of  the  Kingdom  and  Priesthood  of  Christ, 
being  a  collection  of  Sermons  on  the  first  part  of  the  110th 
Psalm.  King  James  I.  was  so  much  pleased  with  Dr. 
Abbot's  treatise,  "  Antichristi  Demon.-iti-ati  contra  fabulas 
Pontificius  et  ineptam  Rob.  Bellarmini  de  Antichi-isto  dis- 
putationem,"  that  he  commanded  his  own  Commentary  on 
the  Apocalypse  to  be  appended  to  the  second  edition  of 
this  treatise,  which  was  published  in  1608,  Svo.  In  1615 
he  was  promoted  to  the  see  of  Salisbury,  and  died  March 
2,  1617.  Dr.  Abbot  also  published,  1.  A  defence  of  the 
Reformed  Catholic  of  Mr.  William  Perkins,  1606,  1607, 
and  1609,  to  which  work  he  added  a  particular  treatise, 
entitled,  The  true  ancient  Roman  Catholic.  2.  Antologia 
contra  apologiam  A.  Endsemon  Johannem,  London,  1613, 
4to,  containing  much  curious  information  on  the  Gun- 
powder Plot.     3.  Lectures  under  the  title  of  Excercita- 


tiones  do  Gratia  et  Perscverantia  Sanctorum,  Lon.,  1618  ; 
Frank.,  1619.  4.  De  Suprema  Poteslate  Begia,  contra Bel- 
larmiuum  et  Suarez,  Lon.,  1619.  5.  A  very  complete  Com- 
mentary on  the  Romans,  in  MS.,  now  "in  the  Bodleian 
Library. — lime's  Bio;/.  Din, 

Abbot,  Robert,  15S5-1653,  was  originally  of  the 
University  of  Cambridge;  incorporated  Master  of  Arts  of 
Oxford,  .July  14,  1607.  Works:  1.  Scrm.  on  Psalm  xxxi. 
21,  Lon.,  1626.  2.  Four  Serms.  on  Judges,  Matthew,  and 
1  Timothy,  Lon.,  1639.  3.  Trial  of  our  Church  Forsakers 
against  Brownists,  Lon.,  1639.  4.  Milk  for  Babes:  a  Cate- 
chism, with  three  Serms.,  Lon.,  1646.  5.  Serms.,  entitled 
The  Young  Man's  Warnmg  Piece,  Prov.  iv,  19,  1662. 
Abbot,  Robert,  of  Huntfield. 

"  There  w;is  about  the  same  time  a  Robert  Abbot  of  Huntfield. 
mentioned  by  Dr.  Pulteney  as  a  learned  preacher  and  an  excellent 
and  diligent  herbalist,  who  assisted  the  celebrated  Johnson  in  his 
works." — C'kalnu-rs's  Biog.  Diet. 

Proljably  the  author  of  A  Christian  Family,  buUded  by 
God,  or  Directions  for  Governors  of  Families,  on  Psalm 
oxxvi.  1,  Lou.,  1653. 
Abbot,  T.  Eastoc.  Peace;  aLyric  Poem,  Lon.,  1814. 
Abhot.  Designs  for  Coaches,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1763. 
Abbott,  Benj.  V.,  b.  1830,  Boston;  Austin,  b.  1831, 
Boston;  and  Lyman,  b.  1835,  Roxbury,  Mass.  These 
three  brothers,  s(jns  of  Jacob  Abbott,  are  engaged  in  the 
practice  of  law  in  New  York  City.  They  are  authors  of 
several  legal  works  published  under  their  copartnership- 
name,  "AI)bott  Brothers."  Admiralty  Reports,  1  vol.; 
N.  York  Practice  Reports,  6  vols.,  (still  continued ;)  Forms 
of  Pleading  under  the  New  York  Code,  1  vol.  They  have 
also  published  an  edition  of  Sedgwick  on  Damages,  with 
Notes ;  and  have  contributed  numerous  legal  articles  to 
Livingston's  Law  Mag.,  Hunt's  Merchant's  Mag.,  The  Young 
Men's  Mag.,  and  other  periodicals.  The  novel  Conecut 
Corners,  written  in  support  of  the  policy  of  prohibitory 
temperance-laws,  and  published  under  their  nom  de  ji/ume, 
"Benanly,"  (under  which  they  have  made  many  contri- 
butions to  current  literature,)  is  also  the  joint  production  of 
these  brothers. 

Abbott,  Rev.  Jacob,  b.  1803,  at  Hallowell,  Maine, 
graduated  at  Bowdoin  College,  1820.  Mr.  Alibott's  prin- 
cipal works  are  The  Y'oung  Christian,  The  Corner-Stoue, 
Way  to  do  Good,  The  Teacher,  Hoary  Head  and  McDonner, 
Summer  in  Scotland,  A  Series  of  Histories  of  Celebrated 
Sovei'eigns,  and  a  large  number  of  juvenile  works,  such  as 
The  RoIIo  Books,  28  vols. :  The  Franconia  Stories,  10  vols. ; 
Marco  Paul's  Adventures',  6  vols.;  Haqier's  Story-Books, 
36  vols. ;  The  Little  Learner  Series,  5  vols.,  Ac.  These  works 
have  had  an  extensive  circulation  in  this  country,  and  have 
nearly  all  been  republished  repeatedly,  and  in  many  diffcren  t 
forms,  in  England.  Many  of  them  have  been  translated 
into  various  foreign  languages  both  in  Europe  and  Asia- 
Sir  John  Williams  remarks  of  "The  Young  Christian," 
"I  have  seldom  seen  a  religious  pubIic.ition  so  striking  and  sc 
adapted  for  usefulness." 

"  Jacob  Abbott's  last  work,  '  The  Way  to  do  Good.'  will,  I  think, 
please  you  very  much.  It  is  delightful  to  read  a  book  so  good  and 
so  sensible, — so  zealous  for  what  is  valuable,  so  fair  about  what  is 
indifferent." — TIte  late  Dr.  Arnold,  in  a  letter  to  Sir  T/iomas  Parley, 
"The  Lite  of  .Makv,  Qceem  op  Scotl.in-i>.— This  is  the  first  of  a 
series,  and  promises  well  for  the  whole." — Lon,  Allien, 

"The  Life  op  IL\nsid.u.  the  C.uiTnAOEM.\>j  is  written  in  the 
same  easy  style  that  characterizes  the  author's  other  compilations." 
— Lon.  Athenipitm, 

Abbott,  Major  James,  of  the  Bengal  Artillery.  1. 
T'Hakooriue;  a  Tale  of  Maandoo,  Lon.,  12mo.  2.  Nar- 
rative of  a  Journey  from  Heraut  to  Khiv.a,  Moscow,  and 
St.  Petersburg;  2d  cd.,  2  vols.  Svo.  See  Lon.  Obs.,  Dec.  9, 
1855,  and  Lon.  Econ.,  Nov.  17,  for  commend.itory  notices. 

Abbott,  Rev.  John  S.  C,  brother  of  Rev.  Jacob 
Abbott,  b.  1805,  at  Brunswick,  Maine,  graduated  at  Bowdcin 
College,  1825,  and  at  the  Theological  Seminary  in  Andover, 
Mass.,  1829.  His  principal  works  are  The  Mother  at 
Home,  first  pub.  1833;  The  Child  at  Home;  Kings  and 
Queens ;  the  Histories  of  Marie  Antoinette,  .Josephine, 
Mad.  Roland,  Cortez,  Henry  IV.  of  France,  King  Philip, 
Sovereign  Chief  of  the  Wampanoags :  these  six  vols, 
constitute  Abbott's  Historical  Series.  The  History  of  Na- 
poleon Bonaparte,  2  vols.  r.  Svo,  profusely  illustrated.  This 
work  has  been  very  severely  criticized, — with  what  justice 
must  bo  referred  to  the  judgment  of  the  intelligent  reader. 
All  of  these  works  have  had  a  very  extensive  sale.  The 
Mother  at  Home  has  been  translated  into  nearly  all  the 
languages  of  modern  Europe,  and  has  been  republished  in 
Asia  and  Africa.  It  is  considered  one  of  the  best  exposi- 
tions of  the  important  responsibilities  of  which  it  treats. 
Napoleon  at  St.  Helena,  Svo;  Confidcutid  Correspond- 
ence of  Napoleon  and  Josephine;  History  of  the  French 
Revolution. 

31 


ABD 

A  respectable  authority  thus  commends  Mr.  Abbott's 
Mother  at  Home: 

"  There  has  never  before,  perhaps,  issaed  from  the  press  a  work 
BO  important  to  mothers  as  the  one  before  us.  It  takes  such  esti- 
mates of  the  maternal  character  as  are  OTerwhelmin^  in  their  so- 
lemnity. The  author  has  shown  himself  a  master  of  his  subject, 
and  he  has  treated  it  with  ei^ual  delicacy  and  force." — London 
Evangelical  Magazine. 

Abdy,  E.  S.  1.  Cases  of  Diseases  cured  by  Cold  Water, 
Lon.,  8vo.  2.  Residence  and  Tour  in  U.S.,  1333, '34,  3  vols. 
p.  8vo. 

Abdy,  Stotherd,  Archdeacon  of  Esses.  1.  A  Sermon 
before  the  Sous  of  the  Clergy,  1759.  2.  A  Sermon  at  a 
School  Feast,  1763,  3.  Sermon  preached  at  the  Assizes 
boldea  at  Chelmsford,  before  the  Hon.  Mr.  Baron  Perrot, 
1773. 

Abdy,  T.  A.,  Rector  of  Thoydangamon.  A  Sermon 
preached  before  the  Epping  Troop  of  "West  Essex,  Y.  C, 
1797. 

Abdy,  Wm.  Jervis,  Rector  of  St.  John's,  Soutbwark. 
The  British  Chri^^tiau's  Duty  to  make  Prayers  and  Suppli- 
cations for  the  King  in  the  Day  of  Trouble,  a  Sermon, 
Psalm  XK.  1-4,  London,  1812. 

Abdy,  Mrs,,  an  English  lady,  favourably  known  as  a 
contributor  to  the  periodical  liter.ature  of  the  day.  A  vol- 
ume of  her  poems  has  been  printed  for  private  circulation. 
Her  writings  are  deserving  of  high  praise  for  their  reli- 
gious  spirit  anil  grace  of  style. 

A  Becket,  Gilbert  Abbott.    See  Becket,  p.  152. 

A  Becket,  St.  Thomas.     See  Becket,  p.  152. 

Abeel,  David,  1S01-1S46,  b.  New  Brunswick,  N.J.,  a 
missionary  of  the  Dutch  Reformed  Church  to  the  East.  1. 
Journal  of  a  Residence  in  China,  1829-33.  2.  Missionary 
Conveution  at  Jerusalem,  183S,  N.  York,  12mo.  3.  The 
Claims  of  the  "World  to  the  Gospel.  See  Memoirs,  by  Rev. 
G.  R.  WUliamson,  1S49. 

Abel,  Clark,  M.D.,17S0-1826,principal  medical  officer 
and  naturalist  to  the  embassy  of  Lord  Amherst  to  China  in 
1816.  Personal  Observations  made  during  the  Progress  of 
the  British  Embassy  through  China,  and  on  its  Voyage  to 
and  from  that  Country,  in  the  Years  1816-17,  1818,  4to. 
This  work,  valuable  as  it  is,  would  have  been  much  fuller 
had  not  many  of  the  doctor's  papers  been  lost  in  the  "Al- 
ceste"  on  her  retiu'n  voyage. 

Abel,  Thomas.     See  Able. 

Abell,  John,  an  English  musician.  A  Collection  of 
Songs  in  several  Languages,  London,  1701. 

Abell,  Mrs.  L.  G.  Gems  by  the  Wayside,  N.  York, 
12mo.     The  Skilful  Housewife's  Book,  N.  York,  12mo. 

Abercrombie,  John,  1726-1806,  a  Scotchman,  who 
wrote  many  works  on  Horticulture.  His  first  work,  the 
Gardener's  Calendar,  was  published  in  the  name  of  Mr. 
Mawe,  gardener  to  the  Duke  of  Leeds.  For  this  loan  of 
his  name,  Mr.  Mawe  received  a  gratuity  of  twenty  guineas. 
Abercrombie  published  fourteen  works  on  his  favourite 
subject,  the  most  important  of  which  was  The  Universiil 
Gardener  and  Botanist,  or  a  General  Dictionary  of  Gar- 
dening and  Botany,  exhibiting  in  botanical  arrangement, 
according  to  the  Linntean  System,  every  Tree,  Shrub,  and 
Herbaceous  Plant  that  merits  Culture,  &c.,  London,  1778. 

Abercrombie,  John,  M.  D.,  1781-1844,  born  at 
•  Aberdeen.  He  was  deservedly  esteemed  in  his  profession, 
and  eriually  so  as  a  writer  upon  Metaphysics.  He  made 
the  physician  the  instructor  of  the  philosopher,  and  sanc- 
titiod  the  knowledge  of  the  one  and  the  meditations  of  the 
other  by  the  most  fervent  piety.  With  these  qualifications 
for  usefulness,  the  death  of  Dr.  Abercrombie  was  indeed  a 
public  calamity.  He  studied  in  Edinburgh,  and  took  his 
degree  there  on  June  4,  1803.  He  became  a  Fellow  of  the 
Royal  College  of  Surgeons  in  1805.  On  tho  decease  of  the 
celebrated  Dr.  Gregory,  in  1821,  he  began  to  occupy  the 
most  prominent  position  as  a  practising  and  consulting 
physician  not  only  in  Edinburgh,  but  in  all  Scotland. 

'■  The  writings  of  Dr.  Abercrombie  contribute  no  less  to  the  esta- 
blishment and  maintenance  of  his  fame  than  his  very  useful  career 
as  ft  practical  member  of  his  profession." 

1.  Pathological  and  Practical  Researches  on  Diseases 
of  the  Spinal  Cord,  Edin.,  1828,  8vo. 

"In  this  work,  which  is  characterized  by  no  ordinary  degree 
of  purely  scientific  knowledge,  he  also  gave  an  indication  of  the 
bent  ol  his  genius  to  tho  study  of  mind  and  its  relations  to  the 
body." 

2.  Pathological  and  Practical  Researches  on  the  Diseases 
of  the  Intestinal  Canal,  Liver,  and  other  Viscera  of  the  Ab- 
domen, Ediu.,  1828,  Svo.  His  Inquiries  concerning  the  In- 
tellectujil  Powers  was  published  in  1830,  The  Philosophy 
of  tho  Moral  Feelings  in  1833. 

"  On  tho  whole,  this  work  [Intellectual  Powers]  must  bo  con- 
Bldered  as  containing  much  useftil  mformation.     IX  some  of  his 


ABE 

ftrgumcnt.s  aro  fnrmed  with  little  attention  to  vig;our,  we  must  re- 
member that  he  wrote  for  many  who  cannot  appreciate  a  courae 
of  re-aKoniuf;  that  is  not  conducted  in  a  popular  manner.'' — jSbrtJi 
Amencaji  licvkw. 

Abercrombie,  Patrick,  M.  B.,  1656-1720,  born  at 
Forfar,  in  Angus.  His  princijial  work  was  The  Martial 
Achievements  of  the  Scots  Nation,  EtUnburgli,  1711-15, 
of  which  Lowndes  says: 

"  The  first  volume  abounds  in  the  marvellous,  hut  the  second  is 
valuable  on  account  of  its  accurate  information  respecting  the 
British  history  in  the  fourteenth  and  fifteenth  centuries.  Ros- 
hurgh,  £5.  7.  G."' 

Abercromby,  David,  a  Scotchman,  the  author  of  a 
number  of  medical  works,  published  from  16S4-S7, 

Abercromby,  David,  supposed  to  be  the  same  as  the 
preceding,  wrote,  1.  Protestancy  to  be  embraced,  or  a  Me- 
thod to  reduce  Romanists  from  Popery  to  Protestancy, 
London,  16S2.  2.  A  Moral  Discourse  on  the  power  of 
Interest,  London,  1690-94.  and  1744. 

Aberdeen,  George,  Earl  of.  An  Inquiry  into  the 
Principles  of  Beauty  in  Grecian  Architecture,  Lond.,  1822. 

Aberdour,  Alexander.  Observations  on  Small  Pox, 
&c.,  Edinburgh,  1791. 

Abcrncthie,  Thomas,  sometime  a  Jesuit.  1.  Ab- 
juration of  Popery,  Edinburgh,  16.58.  2.  His  Speech, 
wherein  is  discovered  tho  Villany  and  Hellish  Plots, 
wrought  in  the  Pope's  Court,  against  these  our  Three  King- 
doms, London, 1G41. 

Abernethy,  John,  Bishop  of  Caithness.  Christian 
and  Heavenly  Treatise  concerning  Physicke  for  the  Soule. 
London,  1622. 

Abernethy,  John,  1680-1 740,  born  at  Colerainc,  died 
at  Dublin,  a  Presbyterian  divine,  and  noted  for  his  zeal  iu 
the  cause  of  the  Protestant  religion. 

"  lie  was  aburning  and  a  shining  light  in  his  day.  Polished  in 
manners,  possessing  a  rich  fund  of  intelligence,  with  uncommon 
powers  of  conversation.  »S:c..  he  was  esteemed  and  admii'ed  as  a 
man,  in  the  private  intercourse  of  life." — .Tamieson. 

His  Sermons  on  the  Being  and  Perfections  of  God  were 
widely  celebrated,  as  is  evinced  by  the  many  editions  which 
have  been  printed.  Four  volumes  of  Posthumous  Sermons 
were  published  in  174S,  1751,  with  a  life  of  the  author 
prefixed, 

*'  For  solidity  of  ar^ment,  strength  and  clearness  of  reasoning, 
and  justness  of  sentiment,  the  Discourses  on  the  Attnbutes  are 
equal,  if  not  superior,  to  any  tiling  of  the  kind  iu  the  iinglish  lan- 
guage."— Protestant  Pi-eacher. 

These  Discourses  wore  published,  London,  1740,  &(;. 

Abernethy,  John,  1763-1831,  Surgeon  to  St.  Bar- 
tholomew's Hospital,  London,  and  Teacher  of  Anatomy 
and  Surgery.  His  birthplace  is  a  matter  of  doubt;  either 
the  town  of  Abernethy  in  Scotland,  or  Derry  in  Ireland. 
He  was  sixteen  years  of  age  when  apprenticed  to  Mr. 
(afterwards  Sir  Charles)  Blick,  then  Surgeon  to  St.  Bar- 
tholomew's Hospital.  At  the  age  of  twenty-two,  he  was 
appointed  Assistant  Surgeon,  andat  the  death  of  Sir  Charles 
Blick  he  succeeded  to  the  principal  post.  In  1793,  he 
commenced  his  series  of  physiological  and  surgical  essays, 
which  in  1797  were  combined  into  an  Svo  volume.  In 
1784,  he  published  part  of  his  Surgical  Observations,  con- 
taining a  classification  of  tumours,  with  cases  to  illustrate 
the  history  of  each  species,  &e.,  and  two  years  afterwards, 
Part  Second  appeared,  presenting  an  account  of  disorders 
of  tho  health  in  general,  and  of  the  digestive  organs  in 
particular,  which  accompany  local  diseases  and  obstruct 
their  cure.  In  1809,  he  gave  to  the  public  his  work  on  the 
Constitutional  Origin  and  Treatment  of  Local  Disease, 
and  on  Aneurism.  A  separate  volume  was  likewise  pub- 
lished by  him  on  Diseases  resembling  Syphilis,  and  In- 
juries of  the  Head;  as  also,  (in  1814,)  An  Inquiry  into 
the  Probability  and  Rationality  of  Hunter's  Theory  of 
Life,  in  which  he  embodied  the  substance  of  the  first  two 
lectures  ho  delivered  before  the  College  of  Surgeons,  as 
their  professor,  and  wlxsrcin  he  maintained  and  illustrated 
the  doctrines  of  his  great  master.  He  expired  at  his  coun- 
try residence  at  Enfield,  April  20,  1831.  His  disease 
was  asthma,  (complicated  probably  with  diseased  heart, 
although  ho  attributed  much  to  the  stomach,)  and  conso- 
quent  dropsy.  His  body  was  not  examined,  in  accordance, 
as  it  is  understood,  with  his  own  desire.  As  a  surgeon, 
Abernethy  was  surpassed  by  none  of  his  contemporaries. 
Hunter  had  previously  proposed  and  practised  the  appli- 
cation of  ligature  on  the  femoral  artery  for  the  cure  of 
popliteal  aneurism;  and  this  principle  was  further  and 
successfully  extendt'd  by  Abernethy  to  the  external  iliac 
and  carotid  arteries,  in  the  treatment  of  the  same  disease  in 
some  of  their  offsets.  His  simple  and  impressive  style  of  leo- 
turing  never  failed  to  enchain  the  attention  of  his  audience; 
while  a  certain  degree  of  dogm'atism  and  contempt  of  those 


ABE 


ABR 


who  differed  fmra  him  had  too  much  the  effect  of  render- 
ing his  hearers  any  thintrbut  humbie-uiindcd  in  their  judg- 
ment of  others.  In  his  writings,  as  in  his  lectures,  his 
ptyle  is  clear,  simple,  and  concise. — Rose's  New  liiofj.  Did. 
His  great  success  in  life  must  be,  in  a  great  measure,  attri- 
buted to  his  having  directed  the  attention  of  the  public  to 
the  influence  of  derangement  of  the  organs  of  digestion 
on  all  the  diseases  to  which  flesh  is  heir.  This  view  of  the 
subject  was  not  altogether  novel,  but  the  profession  had 
not  paid  sufficient  attention  to  it.  Abernetby  always  op- 
posed, with  great  zeal,  the  artificial  line  of  demarcation 
drawn  between  surgery  and  medicine ;  he  considering  the 
two  sciences  as  "one  and  indivisible."  Let  the  reader 
imagine  a  snug,  elderly,  sleek,  and  venerable-looking  man, 
approaching  seventy  years  of  age.  rather  below  than  above 
the  middle  height,  somewhat  inclined  to  corpulency,  and 
still  upright  in  his  carriage,  with  his  hair  most  primly 
powdereil,  and  nicely  curled  round  his  brow  and  temples. 
Let  them  imagine  such  a  person  habited  in  sober  black, 
with  his  feet  thrust  carelessly  in  a  pair  of  unlaced  half- 
boots,  and  his  hands  deposited  in  the  pockets  of  his  "pe- 
culiars," and  they  have  the  '*  glorious  John"  of  the  pro- 
fession before  their  eyes. — Phi/xic  a]}d  Phi/>ttciini8.  Abcr- 
nethy's  rudeness  of  manner  is  well  known,  and  was  a  great 
blemish  in  the  character  of  one  who  really  possessed  a 
most  benevolent  heart.  We  subjoin  some  anecdotes  of  this 
eminent  physician,  collected  from  various  sources. 

His  eccentricities  disgusted  so  many  patients,  that  Sir 
Astley  Cooper  used  to  say.  "  Abernethy's  manner  was 
worth  a  thousand  a  year  to  /ji'wi." 

Some  of  his  patients  he  would  cut  short  with — "  Sir,  I 
have  heard  enough !  You  have  heard  of  my  book  ?" 
"  Yes."  ''  Then  go  home  and  read  it."  To  a  lady  com- 
plaining of  low  3jiirits,  he  would  say,  "  Don't  come  to  me  ! 
Go  and  buy  a  skipping-rope  !"  iSonietimes,  however,  he 
met  with  his  match  : — Cutting  a  gentleman,  one  day,  short, 
the  patient  suddenly  locked  the  door,  slipped  the  key  into 
his  pocket,  and  protested  he  would  be  heard ;  which  so 
pleased  Abernetby,  that  he  not  only  complied  with  the 
patient's  wishes,  but  complimented  him  on  the  resolute 
manner  he  adopted. 

He  was  a  great  enemy  to  prolix  explanations  on  the  part 
of  his  patients.  *'  People  come  here,"  he  would  often  say, 
"to  consult  me,  and  they  will  torture  me  with  their  long, 
foolish,  fiddle-de-dee  stories  ;  so  we  quarrel ;  and  then  they 
blackguard  me  all  about  this  busy  town  ;  but  I  can't  help 
that."  A  lady,  determined  to  treat  him  after  his  own 
fashion,  having  in  some  way  injured  her  thumb,  on  enter- 
ing his  room,  merely  thrust  it  out  towards  him,  with — "  My 
thumb,  sir  !"  "  You,  madam,"  said  he,  "  are  the  only  sen- 
Eibje  woman  I  ever  had  for  a  patient." 

The  l)uke  of  W ,  having  insisted  on  seeing  him  out 

of  his  usual  hours,  abruptly  entered  his  parlour  one  day; 
he  asked  him  how  he  got  into  the  room.  "  By  the  door," 
was  the  reply.  "  Then,"  said  Abernetby,  "  I  recommend 
you  to  make  your  exit  by  the  same  way."  He  refused  to 
attend  George  the  Fourth  until  he  had  delivered  his  lecture 
at  the  hospital;  in  consequence  of  which  he  lost  a  royal 
ap])ointmeot. 

On  Abernethy's  receiving  the  appointment  of  Professor 
of  Anatomy  and  Surgery  to  the  Royal  College  of  Physi- 
cians, a  professional  friend  observed  to  him  that  they 
should  have  something  new,  "What  do  you  mean?" 
asked  Abernetby.  '*  Why,"  said  the  other,  "  of  course  you 
will  brush  up  the  lectures  which  you  have  been  so  long  de- 
livering at  St.  Bartholomew's  Hospital,  and  let  us  have 
them  in  an  improved  fnrm."  "  Do  you  take  me  for  a  fool 
or  a  knave?"  rejoined  Abernetby.  "  I  have  always  given 
the  students  at  the  hospital  that  to  which  they  were  enti- 
tled— the  best  produce  of  my  mind.  If  I  could  have  made 
my  lectures  to  them  better,  I  would  certainly  have  made 
them  so.  I  will  give  the  College  of  Surgeons  precisely  the 
same  lectures,  down  to  the  smallest  details  ;  nay,  I  will  tell 
the  old  fellows  how  to  make  a  pimltiee."  Soon  after,  when 
he  was  lecturing  to  the  students  at  St.  Bartholomew's,  and 
adverting  to  the  College  of  Surgeons,  he  chucklingly  ex- 
claimed. "  I  told  the  big  wigs  how  to  make  a  poultice." 
It  is  said,  by  those  who  have  seen  it,  that  Dr.  Abernethy's 
explanation  of  the  art  of  making  a  poultice  was  irresisti- 
bly entertaining.  His  hobby  rt-tained  full  possession  of 
his  mind  to  the  end  of  his  life.  He  attributed,  as  we  have 
Been,  his  disease  in  a  great  measure  to  the  stomach.  He 
said,  '*  It  is  all  stomach  :  we  use  our  stomach  ill  when  we 
are  young,  and  it  uses  us  ill  when  we  are  old." 

He  wrote  for  Dr.  Rees's  Cyclopaedia  the  anatomical  and 
physiological  articles,  from  the  letter  A  to  the  word  Canal ; 
of  which  that  on  Artery  is  considered  the  most  important. 
—Georgian  Era  /  *^  Physic  and  Pfiysiciaim." 


The  following  is  a  list  of  his  works: — 1.  Surgical  and 
Physiological  Pl-^says.  London,  1793-97,  three  parts.  2. 
Surgical  Obsicrvations,  containing  a  Classification  of  Tu- 
mours, with  cases  to  illustrate  the  History  of  each  Species. 
An  account  of  Diseases  which  strikingly  resemble  the  Ve- 
nereal Disease,  and  various  Cases  illustrative  of  difl'erent 
Surgical  Subjects.  London,  1804.  3.  Surgical  Observa- 
tions, Part  Second,  containing  an  Account  of  the  Disorders 
of  the  Health  in  general,  and  of  the  Digestive  Organs  in 
particular,  which  accompany  Local  Diseases,  and  obstruct 
their  cure.  Observations  on  the  diseases  of  the  Urethra, 
particularly  of  that  part  which  is  surrounded  by  the  Pros- 
tate Gland  :  and  observations  relative  to  the  Treatment 
of  one  species  of  the  Ntevi  Materna*,  London,  ISOG,  1816. 
The  four  following  articles  may  be  considered  as  an  en- 
larged edition  of  this  and  the  preceding :  4.  Surgical  Ob- 
servations on  the  Constitutional  Origin  and  Treatment  of 
Local  Diseases,  and  on  Aneurisms,  London,  1809;  third 
edition,  ISl.S.  5.  Surgical  Observations,  Part  Second, 
containing  Observations  on  the  Origin  and  Treatment  of 
Pseudo-syphilitic  Diseases,  and  on  Diseases  of  the  Urethra, 
London.  1810.  6.  Surgical  Observations  on  Injuries  of 
the  Head,  and  other  Miscellaneous  Subjects.  London,  1810, 
7.  Surgical  Observations  on  Tumours,  and  on  Lumbar  Ab- 
scess. London,  1811.  This  and  the  preceding  are  intended 
to  form  two  volumes.  8.  An  Inquiry  into  the  Probability 
and  Rationality  of  Mr.  Hunter's  Theory  of  Life,  being  the 
subject  of  the  first  two  Anatomical  Lectures  before  the 
Royal  College  of  Surgeons.  London,  1814.  9.  The  Intro- 
ductory Lecture  for  the  year  1815,  exhibiting  some  of  Mr. 
Hunter's  Opinions  respecting  Diseases;  delivered  belore 
the  Royal  College  of  Surgeons,  London,  ISlo.  10.  Phy- 
siological Lectures,  1817.  Surgical  Works,  anew  edition, 
1815.  11.  An  Account  of  a  singular  Disease  in  the  Upper 
Maxillary  Sinus.  Trans.  Med.  et  Chir.  2p.  309,  1800.  12. 
Account  of  Two  Instances  of  Uncommon  Formations  in 
the  Viscera  of  the  Human  Body.  Phil.  Trans.,  1793,  Abr. 
18p.  295.  13.  Observations  on  the  Foramen  Thebe.^ii  of 
the  Heart.  Phil.  Trans.,  1798,  Abr.  18p.  287.  14.  Some 
Particulars  in  the  Anatomy  of  the  AVhale.  Phil.  Trans. 
IV.  179ti,  Abr.  18p.  675.  The  celebrated  "My  Book,"  to 
which  he  was  so  fond  of  referring  his  patients,  was  the 
"  Surgical  Observations,  &c."  (See  Nos.  2  and  3  above.)  He 
thus  addresses  a  patient,  "Well,  sir.  as  to  the  question  of 
diet,  I  must  refer  you  to  my  book.  There  are  only  about 
a  dozen  pages,  in  which  you  will  find  (beginning  at  page 
73)  all  that  is  necessary  for  you  to  know.  I  am  christened 
*  Doctor  My-Book,^  and  satirized  under  that  name  all  over 
England;  but  who  would  sit  and  listen  to  a  long  lecture 
of  twelve  pages,  or  remember  one-half  of  it  when  it  is 
done?  So  I  have  redui-eil  my  directions  into  writing,  and 
there  they  are,  for  anybody  to  follow,  if  they  please." 

The  reader  should  jirocure  Mr.  George  Macilwain's  Me- 
moirs of  John  Abernetby,  with  a  view  of  his  Writings, 
Lectures,  and  Character,  London,  2  vols.,  p.  Svo.  1853. 

'■  Abernethy's  memory  is  worthy  of  a  jrond  bio-iraplier,  and  hap- 
pily it  has  found  one.  Mr.Macilwain  writes  well:  and.  evidently, 
inpivint;  the  historj'  of  his  deceased  friend  he  executed  a  labour 
of  love." — London  Stundard. 

Abingdon,  Earl  of.     See  Bkrtie.  Willotohht. 
Abiniidon, or  Abington, or  Ilabington, Thomas. 

Antiquities  of  the  Cathedral  Churches  of  Chichester  and 
Litchfield,  London,  1717.  Reprinted  under  the  title  of 
Antiquities  of  the  Cathedral  Church  of  Worcester,  to  which 
are  added  the  Antiquities  of  the  Cathedrals  of  Chichester 
and  Litchfield,  London.  1723. 

Abin^ton,  William.    See  Habington. 

Able  or  Abel,  Thomas,  an  English  divine,  executed 
at  Smithfield,  temp.  Henry  VIII.,  1540.  The  title  which 
follows  sufficiently  explains  the  offence  given  to  the  king; 
to  which  Aide  added  the  still  further  provocation  of  de- 
nying the  king's  supremacy  in  matters  ecclesiastical : 
1.  Tractatus  de  non  dissolvendo  Henrici  et  Catheriuse 
matrimonio,  luvicta  Veritas.  An  Answer  that  by  no  man- 
ner of  means  it  may  be  lawful  for  the  King  to  be  divorced 
from  the  Queen's  Grace,  his  lawful  Wife.  The  king  did 
not,  as  in  the  case  of  Luther,  attempt  to  confute  Dr.  Able 
by  polemical  arguments,  but  this  being  a  question  where 
the  sword  was  likely  to  be  more  powerful  than  the  pen, 
his  majesty  brought  into  requisition  a  logic  which  has 
never  failed  to  silence — if  not  convince.  Dr.  Abie's  rea- 
soning may  have  been  perfect,  but  he  argued  at  a  disad- 
vantage. Between  a  syllogism  and  an  axe  the  contest  is 
unequal.  The  king  gained  his  point,  fur  he  was  divorced, 
and  remarried;  while  good  Dr.  Able  sealed  his  testimony 
at  Smithfield. 

Abrabanel,  Solomon.  Complaints  of  the  Children 
of  Israel,  Ac,  London,  1736.     This  refers  to  the  Test  Act. 


ABR 


ADA 


Abraham,  J,  H.,  Juvenile  Essays,  &c.,  London,  1806. 
Acca,  died  740.     In  the  course  of  his  numerous  writ- 
ings. Bede  introduces  the  names  of  several  of  his  literary 
friends,   most  of  whom,  as  we  learn  from  other  sources, 
were  eminently  distinf;;uished  for  their  learning  and  virtues. 

Many  of  the  most  important  of  his  commentaries  on  the 
Scriptures  were  composed  at  the  desire  of  Acca.  Bishop 
of  Hexham,  and  dedicated  to  that  prelate.  Acca  was  a 
man  of  considerable  learning,  and  great  piety ;  he  bad  re- 
ceived his  first  instructions  among  the  congregation  of 
scholars  assembled  around  Bishop  B'tsa,  and  he  quitted 
their  society  to  place  himself  under  Wilfred,  who  ordained 
him  a  presbyter.  He  continued  to  be  one  of  Wilfred's 
most  faithful  followers  until  his  death,  accompanied  him 
on  his  last  journey  to  Rome,  (where  he  finished  his  studies,) 
and  was  chosen  to  succeed  him  iu  the  see  of  Hexham. 
Bede  describes  the  zeal  with  which  he  laboured  to  adorn 
and  enlarge  his  church,  and  to  enrich  it  with  "a  most 
ample  and  noble  library."  In  731,  when  Bede  completed 
his  history,  Acca  is  mentioned  as  still  holding  the  bishop- 
ric of  Hexham;  but  soon  afterwards,  in  732  or  733,  he  was 
driven  from  it  for  some  cause  now  unkn<jwn.  He  seems 
to  have  retired  to  Whitern,  (Candida  Casa.)  where  he  re- 
mained a  few  years.  The  date  of  his  death  is  uncertain; 
but  the  best  authorities  place  it  on  the  twentieth  of  Oc- 
tober, 740,  when  his  body  wjis  carried  to  Hexham,  to  be 
buried  in  the  church  which  owed  to  him  so  much  of  its 
beauty.  Bale  and  Pits  have  so  far  misunderstood  the 
words  of  Bede,  as  to  attribute  to  Acca  a  collection  of  lives 
of  the  saints  whose  relics  were  deposited  in  the  church  of 
Hexham,  aud  a  treatise,  *'  De  ecclesiasticis  sui  chori  ofii- 
ciis."  On  the  same  authority  also,  Leyser  places  the  name 
of  Acca  in  the  list  of  mediaival  Latin  poets.  Leland  speaks 
as  having  seen  a  collection  of  his  letters,  one  of  which, 
addressed  to  Bede,  is  still  preserved,  in  which  he  urges 
that  scholar  to  devote  his  learning  to  the  illustration  of 
the  Scriptures. — Abbreviated  from  \Vn'f/ht''8  Bioif.  lin't.  Lit. 

Accuin,  Frederick,  1709-1838,  born  at  Westphalia, 
teacher  of  practical  chemistry,  pharmacy,  and  mineralogy, 
London.  1.  System  of  Theoretical  and  Practical  Che- 
mistry, plates,  2  vols.,  1803.  2.  A  Practical  Essay  on  the 
Analysis  of  Minerals,  exemplifying  the  best  methods  of 
analyzing  ores,  earths,  stones,  inflammable  fossils,  and  mi- 
neral substances  in  general,  1804.  3.  A  Mamuil  of  Ana- 
lytical Mineralogy,  intended  to  facilitate  the  Practical 
Analysis  of  minerals,  2  vols.,  1808.  4.  A  Practical  Trea- 
tise on  Gas-lights,  exhibiting  a  summary  Description  of  the 
Apparatus  and  Machinery  best  calculated  for  illuminating 
streets,  houses,  and  manufactories,  illustrated  with  seven 
coloured  plates,  1815.  6.  Chemical  Recreati«uis.  6.  A 
Practical  Essay,  or  Chemical  lie-agents,  or  Tests,  illus- 
trated by  a  series  of  experiments,  ISKJ.  7.  Chemical 
Amusements,  comprising  a  series  of  curious  and  instructive 
Experiments  in  Chemistry,  1817.  In  addition  to  these 
works,  Mr.  Accum  was  the  author  of  many  contributions 
to  Nicholson's  Journal. 

Achard.     Remarks  on  Swallows,  Ac,  Phil.  Trans. 

Achard.     Treatises  on  Chemistry,  1784. 

Achard,  F.  C.    Cultivation  of  the  Beet;  Phil.  Trans. 

Acherley,  Roger.  1.  Britannic  Cnnstitutiou ;  or, 
The  Fundamental  Form  of  Government  in  Britain,  dcmou- 
stratiug  the  original  contract  entered  into  by  the  King  and 
People,  Lon.,  1727.  2.  The  Free  Parliament,  1731,  8vo.  3. 
Reasons  for  Uniformity  in  the  State:  being  a  Supplement 
to  the  Britannic  Constitution.  1780,  8vo. 

AchesoHC,  James.     Military  Garden,  Edin.,  1629. 

Ackiu,  Joseph.     Mysteries  of  Counterfeiting,  1096. 

Acklaud,  J.     True  Patriotism,  1818. 

Ackland,  J.,  a  political  economist.  An  Answer  to  a 
Pamphlet  published  by  Edward  King,  Esq.,  iu  which  he  at- 
tempts to  prove  the  Public  Utility  of  the  National  Debt;  a 
confutation  of  that  pernicious  doctrine,  and  a  true  state- 
ment of  the  real  cause  of  the  present  high  price  of  pro- 
visions, 1796. 

Acklaud,  Thomas  Gilbank,  of  St.  John's  College. 
Cambridge,  author  of  Miscellaneous  Poems,  1812.  Two 
Sermons,  ])ublished  1789,  1813. 

Ackworth,  George,  LL.D.  an  English  divine  and 
civilian,  tein[).  Qiici-'u  Jlary.  He  assisted  Archbishop 
Parker  in  his  Autinuitatos  BritannicEe.  and  wrote  against 
the  Uoman  Catholie  Church.  His  works  were  published, 
15G2,  1573,  1577. 

Acland,  Hugh  Dyke,  A  Brief  sketch  of  the  History 
and  Present  Situation  of  tlm  Vaudtds,  1825. 

Acres,  Joseph.  Author  of  sundry  sermons,  London, 
1714-28. 

Acryse,  L.   Church  Catechism  explained,  Lond.,  1702. 

Acton,  E.  de.     Published  sundry  novels,  1803-10. 
34 


Acton.     Fruit  from  Canaan,  London,  1709. 

Actou,  George,  Medical  writer,  published  London, 
1668-70. 

Actou,  Henry.  Six  Lectures  on  the  Dignity,  OflSce, 
and  Work  of  our  Lord  Jesus  Christ.  In  explanation  of 
Unitarian  views  of  the  Gospel,  12mo.,  London,  1830. 

Actou,  J.     Ct)ntributor  to  Nich.  Journal. 

Acton,  S.     Published  sundry  sermons,  1714-17. 

Actou,  T,  Herman,  of  the  Middle  Temple.  Reports 
of  cases  argued  and  determined  before  the  Commissioners 
of  Appeals  in  prize  causes ;  also,  an  appeal  to  the  king  in 
Council,  concerning  the  judgments  in  June,  1809,  vol,  i., 
part  i.,  1809;   vol.  i.,  part  ii.,  1811. 

Actou,  W.    A  new  Journal  of  Itjily,  Lond.  1691,1794. 

Acton,Williani,  late  Surgeon  at  Islington  Dispensary, 
Diseases  of  the  Urinary  and  Generative  Organs  in  botK 
Sexes:  Non-Specitic  Diseases;  Syphilis,  Lon.,  8vo;  2d  ed. 

AcTiIeus.     Letters  on  the  Cow-Pox.  1805. 

Adair.  A  Sketch  of  the  Character  of  the  late  Duke 
of  Devonshire,  London,  1811. 

Adair,  James,  died  1798,  Sergeant^at-Law,  M.P. 

1.  Thoughts  on  the  Dismission  of  OflRcers  for  their  con- 
duct in  Parliament,  1764.  2.  Observations  on  the  Power 
of  Alienation  in  the  Crown,  17GS.  3.  Discussions  of  the 
Law  of  Libels,  1785. 

Adair,  James,  a  trader  and  resident  among  the 
North  American  Indians  for  40  years.  He  published  the 
History  of  the  American  Indians,  particularly  those  na- 
tions adjoining  the  Mississippi,  East  and  West  Florida, 
South  Carolina,  Georgia,  and  Virginia,  London,  1775. 
Mr.  Adair  espouses  the  opinion  that  the  North  American 
Indians  are  descended  from  the  Hebrews. 

Adair,  James  Makittrick,  M.D..  1728-1802.  wag 
born  at  Inverness.  He  resided  lor  some  time  in  the  AVest 
Indies,  and  took  much  interest  in  the  exciting  question 
of  the  Abolition  of  Slavery.  His  kindness  to  the  slaves 
was  so  marked  as  to  gain  their  warmest  aS'ections.  He 
was  a  most  determined  opponent  of  quackery,  and  thereby 
became  involved  iu  many  controversies.  Philip  Thick- 
nesse  and  Adair,  either  no  mean  hand  at  a  quarrel,  took 
\\\i  the  cudgels  against  each  other.  He  wrote  a  number 
of  medical  and  miscelhineous  wiirks. 

Adair,  John.     A  hydrographer:  pub.  1688-1703. 

Adair,  Robert,  M."P.     A  poetical  writer,  1796-1802. 

Adair,  W,  James.  A  lawyer  and  native  of  London, 
author  of  several  legal  treatises,  1764-I7S5. 

Adair,  WiUiam.     A  medical  writer,  1793. 

Adalard  is  only  known  as  one  of  the  early  biogra- 
phers of  Dunstan,  who  probably  brought  him  over  from 
Ghent,  as  he  states  that  he  was  a  monk  of  the  same 
monastery  in  which  Dunstan  had  found  an  asylum  during 
his  exile.  He  dedicated  his  Life  of  Dunstan  to  Archbishop 
Alfheh,  at  whose  desire  it  w^as  written,  and  who  was 
raised  to  the  see  of  Canterbury  in  1006.  Adalard's  Life 
of  Dunstan  is  called  in  some  manuscripts  an  "  Eulogium  ;" 
it  is,  in  fact,  ratlier  a  commeumrative  sermon  thiin  a  his- 
tory, and  is  written  in  a  declamatory  style. —  ^'riyht'a 
Bin',.  Brit.  lit. 

Adam,  Alexander,  LL.D.,  1741-1809,  Rector  of 
the  High  School  of  Edinburgh.  An  excellent  scholar,  as 
his  works  on  Ancient  Geogriiphy  and  on  Ronmn  Antiqui- 
ties suificiently  prove.  The  Summary  of  Geography  and 
History  was  first  published,  Edinburgh,  1784.  Roman  An- 
tiquities, Edinburgh,  1791.  The  latter  work  is  preferred 
to  Dr.  Kennet's  on  the  same  subject. 

Adam,  Archibald,  M.D.  Medical  contributor  to 
Phil.  Trans. 

Adam,  Deau.     A  Funeral  Sermon,  1766. 

Adam,  or  Adams,  James.  Practical  Essays  on 
AgriL-uUure,  London,  1789,  2  vols.,  and  1794,  2  vols. 

Adam,  John.  A  writer  on  Mathematics,  London, 
1794.  Ac. 

Adam,  Robert,  1728-1792,  an  architect  of  much 
note.  His  father,  iilso  nn  architect,  sent  him  to  the  Uni- 
versity of  Edinburgh,  where  he  made  the  acquaintance  of 
Hume,  Robertson,  &c.  He  went  to  Italy,  and  profited  by 
his  diligent  observation.  Desirous  of  obtaining  a  know- 
ledge of  the  fiubitatinm  of  the  ancients,  in  1757  he 
visited,  with  M.  Clcrisseau,  the  ruins  of  Dioclesian's 
palace  at  Spalatro.  The  result  of  this  visit  was  given  to 
the  world  in  1764,  in  Ruins  of  the  Palace  of  the  Emperor 
Dioclesiuu.  at  Spalatro,  in  Dalmatia,  illustrated  with  71 
plates.  In  17G2  he  received  the  appointment  of  Architect 
to  their  Miijcstics.  In  conjunction  with  his  brother.  Mr. 
James  Adam,  he  published  several  numbers  of  a  book  en- 
titled The  AVorks  in  Architecture  of  R.  aud  J.  Adam. 
These  contain  descriptions  of  Siou-house,  Caen-Wood, 
Lecton  Park-house,  and  some  edifices  at  Whitehall,  Edin- 


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burgh,   Ac,  4  parts,   1773-76.     His  buildings  in  Edin-  ! 
burgh  and  Glasgow  have  been  much  commended.     The 
Adelphi  and  Portland  Place  in  London  are  specimens  of 
the  taste  of  Mr.  R.  Adam.     In  the  former  he  was  assisted 
by  his  brother  James,  who  died  in  1794.  I 

Adanif  Robert,  B.A.,  Minister  of  the  Episcopal  con-  ^ 
gregatiun.  Blackfriars  Wynd.  Edinburgh.     The  Religious 
World  Displayed,  «fec.,  Edinburgh,  iSUy.  1 

"Generally  crirref-t  and  candid,  thouirh  with  a  natural  leaning 
to  the  i-piscopal  Churih  of  Scotland,  of  which  the  author  was  a 
member." — Eiangdical  Magazine.  \ 

Adam  Scotus,  or  the  Scotchman,  died  IISO.  was  a 
monk  of  the  order  of  Premontre,  and  a  faumus  Sorbimne 
doctor,  Ue  wrote  the  Life  of  David  I.  of  Scutlaud,  who 
died  1153.  Many  of  his  works  are  still  in  MS.  A  selec- 
tion was  printed  in  Antwerp  in  1669. 

Adam  De  Marisco,  {of  the  Marsh.)  date  of  birth 
and  death  unknown.  Born  in  Somersetshire,  England; 
studied  at  Oxford,  and  became  famous  for  his  learning. 
He  was  a  friend  of  Robert  Grossteste  and  Roger  Bacon. 
Many  of  his  works  exist  in  MS.  A  copy  of  his  letters, 
very  curious  and  interesting,  is  in  the  British  Museum. 

Adam  ol'  Murimouth,  an  English  historian  of  the 
fourteenth  century,  was  educated  at  Oxford,  and  after- 
wards a  cau(m  of  St.  Paul's,  London.  His  history  com- 
prehends only  a  portion  of  the  fourteenth  century. 

"It  was  printed  at  Oxford  in  1722,  by  Anthony  I!;dl:  and  a 
small  portion  was  edited  by  Thomas  Uearue.  who  was  ij.'nrTant  of 
its  autbnr.  and  trave  it  anonymously  in  the  appendix  to  the  His- 
tory of  Walter  Heuiinjrford,  printed  at  Oxford  in  1731." — Hose's 
Biog.  IHr. 

Adam,  Thomas,  1701-1784,  born  at  Leeds,  was  for 
58  years  the  rector  of  Wintringham,  Lincolnshire.  No 
offers  of  preferment  conld  induce  him  to  relinquish  his 
charge.  He  was  the  author  of  a  number  of  religious 
works.  The  Exposition  of  St.  Matthew's  Gospel  was 
published  in  1S05,  and  in  1837  the  Rev.  A.  Westoby  added 
tn  the  above  the  notes  on  St.  Mark,  St.  Luke,  and  St. 
John,  and  prefixed  to  the  work  a  life  of  the  author. 

"  Perhaps  few  werti  better  fitted  to  write  a  practifal  expt^rimental 
commentary  on  any  jKirt  of  the  Scriptures  than  this  auttior,  whose 
pregnant  briefness  of  remark,  and  deep  acquaintance  with  experi- 
mental reli;^ion,  would  preserve  him  from  iM'olixity,  and  enable 
him  to  present  the  most  usi-t'iil  view  of  the  subject  to  the  mind. 
The  present  posthumous  work  will  he  found  characterized  by  all 
the  bt'St  peculiarities  of  the  author." — LWord. 

The  Rev.  Thomas  Hartwell  Home,  a  most  competent 
judge  in  the  premises,  gives  this  high  character  to  '•  The 
Exposition :" 

''Ih'evity  of  remark,  fervent  piety,  and  intimate  acquaintance 
with  the  human  heart,  characterize  this  Exposition  of  the  Four 
Gospels." 

"  Such  a  writer  as  Mr.  Adam  takes  us  out  of  our  ordinaiy  track 
of  reading  and  reflection,  and  shows  us  ourselves.  He  scrutinizes 
the  whole  soul,  dissipates  the  false  jrlare  which  is  apt  to  mislt-ad 
the  jud[:^ient;  exposes  the  imperfectioii.s  of  what  is  apparently 
most  pure  and  inviting;  and  thus  teaches  us  to  make  our  reliiiion 
more  and  more  spiritual,  holy,  solid,  practical,  humble,  and  sin- 
cere."— Rev.  Daniel  Wilson, 

''This  work  has  heen  justly  pronounced  a  masterly  and  excel- 
lent exposition." 

Adam,  William,  Esq.,  Chancellor  and  Keeper  of  the 
Great  Seal.  The  Correspondence  between  Mr.  Adam  and 
Mr.  Bowles  respecting  the  Duke  of  Bedford,  London. 
1794.  A  number  of  Mr.  Adam's  speeches  in  the  House 
of  Commons  have  been  published. 

Adaniiian  is  supposed  to  have  been  a  native  of  Ire- 
land, but  the  date  of  his  birth  is  not  knowu. 

Editions  of  Adamnan's  works  : — 1.  Canisii  Antiquse 
Lectiones,  4to,  1601,  torn.  iv.  Edward  Basnage,  ful.  Ant- 
werp, 1725,  tom.  i.,  p.  678.  The  Life  of  St.  Columba.  2. 
Adamanni  Scotohiberni  Abbatis  celeberrimi,  de  Situ  Terrse 
Sanctae,  et  quorundam  aliorum  locorum  ut  Alexandriae  et 
Constantinopolcos,  Libri  tres.  Ante  annos  nougentos  et 
amplius  conscripti,  et  nunc  primum  in  lucem  prolati, 
studio  Jacobi  Gretseri  Societatis  Jesu  Theologi.  Accessit 
eorundem  librorum  Breviarinm,  seu  Compendium,  brovia- 
tore  venerabili  Beda  Presbytero,  cum  prolegomenis  et 
notis.  Small  Quarto,  Ingolstadt,  1619.  3.  Messingham, 
Florilegium  Insulao  Sanctorum  seu  Vitae  et  Acta  Sancto- 
rum Uiberniae,  fol.,  Paris,  1624,  p.  141.  The  life  of  St- 
Columba,  reprinted  from  Canisius,  who  edited  it  from  a 
MS.  at  Windberg,  in  Bavaria.  4.  Colgau,  Triadis  Thau- 
maturgte  seu  Divorum  Patricii,  Columbae,  et  Brigidte, 
trium  veteris  et  majoris  Scotite,  seu  Hibernian  Sanctorum 
insulse,  commnninm  ]>atronorum  Acta,  fol.,  Lovanii.  1647, 
tom.  ii.,  p.  '.ySCy.  The  Life  of  Columba,  from  a  MS.  at 
Angst,  exhibiting  a  more  complete  and  better  text  than 
that  of  Canisins.  5.  Acta  Sanctorum  Ordinis  S.  Bene- 
dicti.  Sa^culnm  III.,  pars  secunda,  fob,  Paris,  1672. 
The  treatise  De  Locis  Sanctis,  from  (iretser's  edition,  com- 


pared with  three  MSS.  6.  Acta  Sanctorum  Junii,  tom.  ii., 
fob,  Antverpia-,  169S,  p.  197.  The  Life  of  Columba,  re- 
printed from  Colgan.  Abbreviated  from  Wright's  Biog. 
Adams,  Abigail,  wife  of  John  Adams,  second  Presi- 
dent of  the  United  States  of  America,  and  mother  of  John 
Quincy  Adams,  sixth  President  of  the  United  States.  Her 
grandson.  Charles  Francis  Adams,  q.  v.,  has  published  a 
collection  of  her  Letters;  fourth  edition, Bost.,  1S4S,  12mo. 
Adams,  Amos,  1727-75,  minister  at  Roxbnry,  Mas.sa- 
chusetts,  was  graduated  at  Harvard  College,  1752.  Ho 
published  a  number  of  sermons,  1756-09.  lu  two  dis- 
courses on  the  General  Fast,  April  6,  1769,  he  gave  A 
Concise  Historical  View  of  the  Difficulties,  Hardships, 
and  Perils,  which  attended  the  planting  and  progressive 
improvement  of  New  England,  with  a  particular  Account 
of  its  long  and  destructive  Wars,  expensive  Expeditions, 
&c. :  republished  in  London.  1770. 

Adams,  C.  Edgar  Clifton,  16mo,  1S54;  Boys  at 
Home,  16mo,  New  York,  1S54. 

Adams,  Charles  B.,  I814-185.3,an  American  natural- 
ist, has  published  a  number  of  papers  on  Conohology. 
Catalogue  of  Shells  collected  at  Panama,  New  York,  1S52, 
4to  and  8vo. 

Adams,  Charles  Francis,  son  of  John  Quincy 
Adams,  born  1S07,  Boston,  Massachusetts.  Editor  "Let- 
ters of  Mrs.  Adams,"  fourth  edition,  1848.  Ed.  "  Letters 
of  John  Adams,  addressed  to  his  Wife."  Ed.  "Life  and 
Works  of  John  Adnms,"  10  vols.,  8vo.  Mr.  Adams  has 
rendered  great  service  to  American  literature,  in  the  pre- 
paration of  the  voluminous  and  highly-important  works 
of  his  grandfather. 

Adams,  Eliphalet,  1676-1753,  a  minister  of  New 
London,  Connecticut,  published  sundry  sermons,  17(19-27. 
Adams,    Francis.      Plans   for   raising   the   Taxes. 
London,  1798. 
Adams,  Francis.     Writing  Tables,  1594. 
Adams,  George.     Several  religious  works,  Lon. 
Adams,  George,  father  and  son.      Lectures,   Lon., 
1794.   5  vols.  Svo;    new  ed.,  enlarged  by  William  Jones, 
1799,  5  vols.  Svo.     Various  treatises  on  mathematical  in- 
struments. »fcc..  Lon.,  1747-95. 

Adams,  George.  New  System  of  Agriculture  and 
Feeding  Stock,  Lon..  ISIO. 

Adams,  Hannah,  1755-1S.S2,  b.  at  Medfield,  Mass, 
Believing  that  a  work  upon  a  comprehensive  plan  which 
should  give  the  history  of  the  various  religions  of  the  world 
was  much  wanted,  she  undertook  to  compile  one, — which 
was  published  under  the  title  of  View  of  Religion,  in  three 
parts:  Part  1,  containing  An  Alphabetical  Compendium 
of  the  Denominations  among  Christians;  2,  A  Brief  Ac- 
count of  Paganism.  Mohammedanism,  Judaism,  and  Deism; 
3,  An  Account  of  the  Religion  of  the  Different  Nations  of 
the  World.  She  also  wrote:  2.  A  History  of  New  England. 
3.  The  Evidences  of  Christianity. 

Adams,  H.  C.  1.  New  Greek  Delectus,  Lon.,  12mo; 
new  ed.,  1857.  2.  Greek  Text  of  the  Gospels,  p.  Svo.  3. 
Latin  Delectus,  12mo.  4.  First  of  June,  1S56,  12mo.  5. 
Greek  Exercises.     6.  Sivan  the  Sleeper,  1857,  12mo 

Adams,  H.  G.  1.  British  Butterflies,  Lon.,  16nio  2. 
Poetical  Quotations,  12mo.  3.  Sacred  Poetical  Quotations, 
12mo.  4.  Favourite  Soug  Birds;  2d  ed.,  1855,  12mo.  5. 
Kentish  Coronal,  12mo.  6.  Nests  and  Eggs  of  British 
Birds;  1st  and  2d  Scries,  16mo.  7.  Story  of  the  Seasons j 
2d  ed.,  1855.     Other  works. 

Adams,  or  Adam,  James.  Practical  Essays  on 
Agriculture,  Lou.,  17N9.  2  vols.:    1794. 

Adams,  James.  The  Pronunciation  of  the  English 
Language  vindicated  from  im[iuted  Anomaly  ami  Citprice, 
Edin.,  1799  :  and  other  works. 

Adams,  John.  1.  Index  Villaris ;  or,  An  Exact  Register, 
aljilKibcticallv  digested,  of  all  the  Cities.  &c.  in  England 
and  Wules.  Lon.,  1680.  '88,  1700.  2.  The  Renowned  City  of 
London  surveyed  and  illustrated  in  a  Latin  poem;  trans- 
lated into  English  by  W.  F..  of  Gray's  Inn,  Lon.,  1670. 
Reprinted  in  vol.  x.  of  the  Uarleian  Miscellany. 

Adams,  John,  d.  17J9,  Provost  of  King's  College, 
a  native  of  London,  and  a  very  eloquent  preacher,  pub.  a 
number  of  serms..  Lon.,  1700-16. 

Adams,  John.  The  Young  Sea-Officer's  Assistant, 
both  in  bis  Examination  and  Voyage,  1773. 

Adams,  John,  Master  of  the  Academy  at  Pnltney.  A 
View  of  Universal  History,  1795.  He  wrote  many  other 
useful  edin_'ation;il  works, 

Adams,  John.  Works  on  Horsemanship,  Lon.,  1799. 
Adams,  John.     The  Young  Ladies'  and  Gentlemen's 
Atlas.  Lon.,  1805. 

Adams,  John,  F.L.S.,  a  writer  on  Conchology,  1797- 
1800. 

35 


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Adams,  John,  T704-1740. son  of  John  Atlams,  of  Nova 
Scotia,  graduuted  at  Harvard  College,  1721.  A  volume  of 
bis  poems  was  published  at  Bo.ston,  1745.  Ho  is  stated  to 
have  been  the  "  master  of  nine  languages,  and  conversant 
with  Greek,  Latin,  Italian,  French,  and  Spanish  authors." 
— AlUti's  Amer.  Biofj.  Vict. 

Adams,  John,  1735-1826,  second  President  of  the 
United  St.-ites  of  America,  was  born  at  Braintree,  Mass. 

''  His  father  determined  to  give  him  a  collegiate  education,  and 
placed  him  in  consequence  under  the  care  of  Mr.  Marsh,  that  he 
might  be  prepared  for  entrance  into  the  University  of  Cambridge. 
He  renndned  in  that  institution  until  the  year  1766.  when  he  re- 
ceived his  Bachelor's  degree,  and,  in  1758,  that  of  Master  of  Arts." 
In  1765,  be  published  in  the  Boston  Gazette  several 
pieces,  which  were  reprinted  in  London,  in  1768,  by  Mr. 
Thos.  Hollis,  and  called  by  him  A  Dissertation  on  Canon 
and  Feudal  Law.  He  also  wrote  certain  pieces  for  the 
Boston  Ga7.ett«,  under  the  anonymous  signature  of  Nov- 
anglus,  which  were  inserted  in  Almon's  Remembrancer. 
These  papers  were  afterwards  collected  and  pub.  in  Lon- 
don, in  a  pamphlet  entitled  A  History  of  the  Quarrel  be- 
tween Great  Britain  and  the  American  Colonies;  A  Defence 
of  the  Constitutions  of  Government  of  the  United  States  of 
America  against  the  attack  of  Mr.  Turgot  in  his  letter  to 
Dr.  Price  dated  March  22,  1778,  Lon..  1787,  '88.  Thiswork 
was  reprinted  by  Stockdale  in  1794,  who  prefi.xed  to  it  the 
title  of  History  "of  the  Principal  Republics  of  the  World. 

"This  is  both  a  learned  and  a  judicious  work.  The  writings  of 
Mr.  Adams  are  less  known  in  this  country  than  their  merit  de- 
mands."— Eo^e^s  New  Biag.  Ih'ct. 

Discourses  on  Davila:  a  Series  of  Papers  on  Political 
History,  by  an  American  Citizen,  Bost.,  1805.  This  work 
was  compiled  from  articles  in  the  Gazette  of  the  United 
States  written  by  Mr.  Adams  in  1790.  For  a  complete  list 
of  Mr.  Adams's  pamphlets,  Ac,  sec  Life  and  Works  of  John 
Adams,  second  President  of  the  United  States;  edited  by 
his  grandson,  Charles  Francis  Adams,  lOvols.Svo,  1850-56. 
"  Tlie  collection  is  edited  by  the  Hon.  Charles  Francis  Adams,  the 
depositary  of  all  the  manuscripts  as  weil  of  John  Adams  as  of  his 
father,  the  late.Iohn  Quincy  Ad.imR,  and  is  intended  as  the  first  of 
two  great  publications  elucid-iting  the  history  of  the  rise  and 
progress  of  these  United  States  from  the  year  17G1.  in  which  tlie 
Hevolutiouary  struggle  first  began,  down  to  the  year  1848,  when 
the  yoimger  Adams  died." 

"  Of  the  writings  of  our  Revolutionary  worthies  none  have  been 
presented  to  the  public  witli  so  much  ability,  care,  ami  good  faith 
as  those  of  John  Adams.  The  main  portion  of  the  labor  devolved 
on  Charles  Francis  Adams,  who  has  devoted  to  it  several  years,  and 
has  set  an  example  of  thorough  research  and  sound  judgment 
which  cannot  he  too  highly  commended." — Dr.  Rufus  W.  tiRlswoLD. 
"  A  contribution  to  the  materials  of  American  history  not  second 
in  importance  and  interest  to  any  of  the  great  publications  with 
which  it  is  most  obviously  to  be  compared." — iV.  jiiywr.  Hev. 

Letters  to  his  Wife,  Bost.,  1841,  2  vols.  12mo.  See  Adams, 
Charles  Francis. 

Mr.  Adams  and  Mr.  Jeflferson,  by  a  remarkable  coinci- 
dence, expired  on  the  same  day,  July  4,  1826,  the  anni- 
versary of  American  Independence,  which  they  both  had 
so  large  a  share  in  promoting. 

Adams,  John.  1.  The  Doctrine  of  Equity:  being  a 
commentary  of  the  law  as  admiuistered  by  the  Court  of 
Chancery,  Lon.,  8vo;  3d  Amer.  ed.,  with  the  Notes  and 
References  to  the  previous  ed.,  by  J.  R.  Ludlow  and  J.  M. 
Collins;  .and  Additional  Notes  and  References  to  recent 
English  and  American  Decisions,  by  Henry  Wharton, 
Phila.,  1855,  8vo.  The  text-book  at  Cambridge  Law- 
School,  William  and  Mary  College,  Cincinnati  Law- 
School,  University  of  Virsiuia,  University  of  Mississippi, 
Ac.  See  Colli.ns,  John  M.  2.  Treatise  on  the  Principles 
and  Practice  of  the  Action  of  Ejectment,  Lon.,  8vo;  with 
.\mer.  Notes  and  Precedents,  by  J.  L.  Tillinghast  and  T. 
W.  Gierke;  with  Additional  Notes,  by  Wm.  Uogan  and  T. 
W.  Waterman.  N.  York.  1854,  8vo. 

Adams,  Captain  John.    Sketches  taken  during  two 
Voyages  to  Africa,  Ac,  Lon.,  1S33,  Svo. 
"  AvaluKblo  little  work."— Low.NUES. 

Adams,  John  Couch,  b.  1817,  Cornwall,  Eng.,  a  dis- 
tinguished astroninner,  contrib.  many  valuable  papers  to 
Mem.  Ast.  Soc,  Phil.  Tran.s.,  Ac. 

Adams,  Rev.  John  Greenleaf,b,lS10,  Portsmouth, 
New  Hampshire.  Practical  Hints  to  Uuiversalists.  Chris- 
tian Victor.  Edited  and  contrib.  to  "  (3ur  Day;  a  Gift  for 
the  Times."  Also,  in  connexion  with  Rev.  E.  U.  Chapin, 
The  Fountain,  a  Gilt  for  Temperance:  and  Hymns  for 
Christian  Devotion.     Editor  of  Gosptl  Teacher,  Ac. 

Adams,  John  Quincy,  1767-1848,  sixth  President 
of  the  United  States,  was  b.  .Inly  11.  at  Quincy,  Mass.,  son 
of  John  Adams,  second  President  of  the  U.  States.  At  the 
ago  of  ten  he  accompanied  his  iatber  to  Euroi)e,  and,  under 
his  eye,  prosecuted  his  studies  during  the  greater  part  of 
the  ensuing  ten  years,  b«ing  part  of  the  timo  at  school  in 


Leyden,  and  a  part  accomp.anying  Mr.  Dana  on  his 
mission  to  St.  Petersburg,  acting  as  Secretary  and  French 
interpreter.  Again  he  was  sent  to  Europe,  in  1795,  ou  a 
public  mi.ssion  to  Holl.and.  I'rom  thence  he  was  trans- 
ferred to  Berlin,  where  he  passed  four  years,  in  the  last  of 
which  he  made  a  journey  through  Silesia.  His  letters  were 
collected  by  Mr.  Asbury  Dickens  and  published  without 
authority  in  London  in  1804.  They  were  trans,  into  Ger- 
man by  F.  G.  Fricse,  with  remarks  by  F.  A.  Zimmerman, 
and  pti'b.  at  Breslan,  1805  ;  trans,  into  French  by  J.  Dupuy, 
Paris.  1807.  Mr.  A.  trans,  the  work  of  Frederick  de  Gentz, 
entitled  The  Origin  and  Principles  of  the  American  Revo- 
luti(ui  ic.mpared  with  the  Origin  and  Principles  of  the 
French  Revolution,  Phila.,  Svo.  He  also  trans.  Wieland's 
Oberon,  MS.  Of  his  numerous  productions  the  principal 
are  A  Report  on  Weights  and  Measures  made  to  Congress, 
Wash.,  !S18.Svo;  Lectureson  Rhetoric  and  Oratory,  Camb., 
2  vols.  8vo;  DermotMcMorrogh,  an  Historical  Tale,  Bost., 
1S32,  Svo;  Letters  on  the  Masonic  Institution,  1847,  Svo; 
Eulogies  on  Madison,  (1836.)  Monroe,  (1831,)  and  La  Fa- 
yette, (1834 ;)  Jubilee  of  the  Constitution,  N.York.  1837. 
See  Memoir  of  the  Life  of  J.  Q.  Adams,  by  Josiah  Quincy, 
LL.D..  Bo.st,.  1858.  A  collective  ed.  of  Mr.  Adams's  works 
is  promised  by  his  son,  Charles  Francis  Adams. 
Adams,  .louas,  a  writer  on  law.  1593. 
Adams,  Joseph,  M.D.,  1756-1818,  an  able  physician 
and  teacher  of  the  Institutes  and  Practice  of  Medicine.  Ho 
pub.  twelve  treatises,  Ac.  of  a  professional  nature,  Lon., 
1795-1816.     See  Life  of  John  Hunter. 

Adams,  Joseph,  of  N.  Hampshire,  1719-1783,  pub. 
some  serms..  1757,  Ac. 

Adams,  Matthew,  d.  1753,  of  Boston,  Massachusetts, 
wrote  some  fugitive  essays.  Dr.  Benjamin  Franklin  ac- 
knowledges his  obligations  for  access  to  his  library. 

Adams,  Nehemiah,  D.D..b.  1806.  Salem,  Mass.,  set- 
tled in  Boston.  1.  The  Baptized  Child.  2.  Remarks  on 
the  Unitarian  Belief.  3.  Lile  of  John  Eliot.  4.  South- 
Side  View  of  Slavery,  12mo.  6.  Friends  of  Christ  in  the 
New  Testament,  1S53.  6.  Christ  a  Friend.  7.  Communion- 
Sabbath.  8.  Agnes  and  the  Little  Key.  9.  Bertha  and 
her  Baiitism.  10.  Assurance  of  Faith:  being  a  Sarmon 
preached  before  the  Massachusetts  Convention  of  Congre- 
gational Ministers.  11.  Truths  for  the  Times:  a  Series  of 
tracts.  12.  Catherine;  or.  The  Early  Saved,  1858.  Various 
pamphlet  sermons.  Contrib.  to  Spirit  of  Pilgrims,  Lit. 
Theol.  Rev.,  Bibliotheca  Sacra.  Ac. 
Adams,  Q.,  a  writer  on  Longitude.  L()n.,  ISll. 
Adams,  ll.fi.,  D.D.  The  Opening  of  the  Scaled  Book 
of  the  A|iocalypse  shown  to  be  a  Syiubol  of  the  Future  Re- 
publication ol'  the  Old  Testament,  Lon.,  1838.  See  Church 
of  Eng.  Qu;rr.  Rev.,  Oct.  1838. 

Adams,  llice,  a  theological  writer,  1708-1736. 
Adams,  Richard.    True  and  Terrible  Relation  from 
Maltravis,  in  Malaga,  Lon.,  1648. 

Adams,  Richard,  d.  1684,  a  Non-Conformist  divine, 
educated  at  Cambridge;  expelled  for  Non-Conformity,  1662. 
Ho  compiled  the  Notes  on  St,  Paul's  Epistles  to  the  Philip- 
pians  and  Colossians  in  Phole's  Bible,  and  assisted  his 
brother,  Thomas  Adams,  in  some  other  works. 

Adams,  Robert.  Expeditionis  Hispanorum  in  Ang- 
liam,  vera  Dcscriptio,  anno  1588,  Roberto  Adamo,  Au- 
thore,  1589. 

Adams,  Robert,  b.  Hudson,  N.  Y'ork.  Narrative  of 
Robert  Adams,  a  sailor,  who  was  wrecked  on  the  Western 
Coast  of  Africa  in  1810,  was  detained  three  years  in  slavery 
by  the  Arabs  of  the  Great  Desert,  and  resided  several  months 
in  the  citv  of  Timbuctoo.  Pronounced  an  imposition  by  the 
N.  Amer^Rev..  vol.  v.,  1817. 

"  A  curious,  marvellous,  but  authentic  narrative." — LOWKLES. 
Adams,  S.     Elements  of  Reading,  Lon.,  1781. 
Adams,  Samuel,  D.D.,  pub.  some  serms.,  1716. 
Adams,  Samuel,  1722-1S03,   Governor  of  Massa- 
chusetts, graduated   at  Harvard  College,  1740.     He  wrote 
a  number  of  political  essays. 

Adams,  Sarah  Flower,  d.  1848,  a  musical  composer; 
authoress  of  works  collected  under  the  title  of  Adoration, 
Aspiration,  and  Belief.  She  wrote  some  poetical  pieces  and 
criticisms. 

Adams,  T.     Democracy  Unveiled,  Lon..  1811. 
Adams,  T.    History  of  the  Town  of  Shaftesbury,  1R09. 
Adams,  Thomas.     Serm.  on  Rev.  xxii.  12,  1660. 
Adams,  Thomas,  a  theological  writer,  pub.  1613-33. 
Adams,  Thos.,  d.  1670,  wrote  in  opposition  to  the  Es- 
tablished eh.  id'  Eng..  and  on  the  Principles  of  Religion. 

Adams,  Wm.    Complete  History  of  the  Civil  Wars  in 
Seollaod.  1614-16;   2d  cd.,  Edin..  1724. 
Adams,  Wm.  Fifteen  Occasional  Serms.,  Oxoii.,1716 


AM. 


ADD 


Adams,  Win.     Vitruvius  Scoticns,  Ac,  Edin.  1750. 

Adams,  Wm.,  Surgeon,  London.  Disiiuisitiun  on 
the  Stone,  Gravel,  nnd  the  Diseases  of  the  Bhidder,  Kid- 
neys. &(!.,  London,  177;^. 

Adams,  Wm.,D.D.,  1707-1789,  Master  of  Pembroko, 
Oxford.  &*•.,  author  uf  a  number  of  stTinons,  and  an  An- 
Ewerto  Iliinie's  very  absurd  Essay  on  Miracles.  Dr.  Adams 
was  a  valued  friend  of  Dr.  Johnson's.     Boswell  tells  us: 

"  We  then  went  to  Pembroke  CoUt'jie.  and  waited  on  bis  nid 
friend  Dr.  Adams,  the  master  of  it.  whom  I  found  to  be  a  most 
polite,  pleasing,  communifative  man.  He  had  distinj;uished  him- 
self by  an  able  answer  to  David  lluaie's  '  Kssay  on  Miracles.'  He 
told  me  he  had  once  dined  in  company  with  Hume  in  Londnn; 
that  Hume  shook  hands  with  him.  and  said,  '  You  have  tri-atcd 
me  much  better  than  I  deserve;'  and  that  they  exchanged  visits." 

Adams,  AVm.     Political  treatises,  1796-97. 

Adams,  Sir  Wm,,  Surgeon  and  Oculist  Extraoi-dinary 
to  the  Prince  Regent.  Among  other  professional  works, 
this  eminent  oculist  has  published,  A  Practical  Intjuiry 
into  the  Causes  of  the  frequent  Failure  of  the  Operations 
of  Depression,  and  of  the  Eiitraction  of  the  Cataract,  as 
usually  performed,  &c.,  Lond.,  1817.  This  work  has  been 
commended  as  one  of  great  value  to  the  chirurgieal  lil)rary. 

Adams,  William,  1S14-1S48,  Vicar  of  St.  Peter's, 
Oxford,  acquired  considerable  celebrity  as  a  writer  of  re- 
ligious works.  See  some  notices  of  his  life  in  A  Remem- 
brancer of  Bonchureh,  It^le  of  AVight,  the  burial-place  of 
the  Rev.  W.  Adams,  Lon.,  p.  Svo.  1.  Pacred  Allegories; 
2d  ed.,  184-1,  12mo  ;  3d  ed.,  1S55,  cr.  Svo  ;  illustrated  by 
Foster,  1S55,  sm.  ito  :  this  is  composed  of  Nos.  2,  .3,  4,  and 
6.  2.  Shadow  of  the  Cross,  1842,  12mo:  Sth  ed..  1S49. 
3.  The  Old  Man's  Home;  8th  ed.,  185:^..  12mo.  4.  Distant 
Hills;  4th  cd.,  1847,  ]2nio.  5.  The  Fall  of  Croesus,  1846, 
fp.  Svo.  6.  The  King's  Messengers,  1S47,  12mo;  2d  ed., 
1852,  12mo.  7.  Warnings  of  the  Holy  >Veek  ;  3d  ed.,  1849, 
12mo;  4th  ed.,  1^52,  12mo.  8.  Cherrv-Stones ;  edited  by 
H.  C.  Adams,  18ol.  fji.  8vo ;  4th  ed.,  1855,  12mo. 

Adams,  Zabdiel,  1730-1  SOI,  of  Massachusetts, cousin 
to  John  Adams,  second  President  of  the  United  States  of 
America,  pub.  some  serms.,  1771-88, 

Adamson.     Pocmata  Sacra,  &c.,  Lon.,  1619. 

Adamsoii.     A  work  njinn  Elect  Sinners.  Lou.,  1768. 

Adamson,  Henry.     Muses  Threnndie,  Edin.,  16;!8. 

Adamson,  John.  The  Muse's  Welcome  to  King 
James  VL  at  his  return  to  Scotland,  anno  1617,  Edin., 
1618.  The  speeches  will  I)e  found  in  Nichols's  Progress  ot 
King  James.     He  jiublishod  several  other  works. 

Adamson,  John^  M.A.,  Rector  of  Burton  Coggles. 
1.  The  Duty  and  Daily  Frequenting  of  the  Public  Service 
of  the  Church;  a  Sermon  on  Matt.  xxi.  13,1698.  2. 
Funeral  Serm..  Rev.  xiv.  13.  1707. 

Adamson,  John,  1 7S7-1855.  1.  Memoir  of  Camoens, 
1820.  2.  Hi.story.  Antiquities,  and  Literature  of  Portugal, 
vol.  i.,  1842,  Svo;  vol.  ii.,  1846,  8vo. 

Adamson,  M.  A  Friendly  Epistle  to  Neighbour  John 
Taylor,  of  Norwich,  Lon.,  n.  d. 

Adamson,  Patrick,  1543-1591,  Archbishop  of  St. 
Andrew's,  was  born  at  Perth.  He  wrote  a  number  of  theo- 
logi<a!  Winks  in  Latin. 

Adamson,  \V.     Contrib.  to  Phil.  Mag.,  i.  256,  1817. 

Adamthwaite,  John,  theological  writer,  Dirmiug- 
ham.  1771-78. 

Aday.     A  work  upon  Distilling.  Lon. 

Addams,  J.  Reports  of  Cases  dettrmined  in  the  Eccle- 
siasticnl  Courts,  1822-25,  2  vols.  Svo:  Lon.,  1823-25. 

Addcnbrooke,  J.  Essay  on  Free-Tbinking.  Lon..  1714. 

Adderley,  Thomas,  Published  a  Sermon  on  Psalm 
cxxii.  6,  Cambridge,  1676. 

Addin£:ton,  A,,  M.D.  On  Sea-Scurvy.  &g..  Lon..  1 753. 

Addin^ton,  Rt.  Hon.  Henry,  (Lord  Sidmouth,) 
son  of  tiie  preceding.     Political  speeches,  &c.,  1 799-1 SU3. 

Addiugton,  John.     History  of  the  Cow-Pox,  1801. 

Addin^ton,  Stephen,  1729-179().  a  dissenting  minis- 
ter, a  native  of  Northampton,  a  pupil  of  the  celebrated  Dr. 
Doddridge.  He  was  a  schoolmaster  of  considerable  repute. 
He  wrote  a  number  of  educational  and  theological  work.s, 
1767-83. 

Addin^on,  Sir  Wm.,  Author  of  Abridgment  of 
Pen.al  Statutes.  &c..  London,  1775.  6th.  ed.  1812. 

Addison,  Alexander,  of  Pittsburg,  Pennsylvania, 
1759-1807.  Reports  of  Cases  in  County  Courts,  High  Court 
of  Errors  and  Appeals  in  Pennsylvania,  Washington,  1800, 
Obs.  on  Gallatin's  Speech,  179S;  Report  of  Committee, 
Virginia  Assembly,  1800. 

Addison,  Anthony,  Viearof  St.  Helen's.  Abington, 
Berkshire.     Sermon  on  Psalm  Ixviii.  28.  Oxford,  1704. 

Addison,  C.G.  1.  Temple  Church,  Lon.,  1843.  2. 
Law  of  Contracts,  Lon.,  1846;  Phila.,  1847;  2d  ed.,  Lon., 


1849,  2  vols.  r.  Svo.  3.  History  of  the  Knights  Templars, 
Svo.  4.  Journey  to  Damascus  and  Palmyra,  2  vols.  Svo. 
5.   Wr.-ngs  :iud  their  Remedies,  Lon.  and  Phila.,  1857. 

Addison,  (i.  H.,  1793-1815,  autbor  of  Indian  Re- 
miniscences, or  the  Bengal  Moofussid  Miscellany,  1837. 

Addison,  Joseph,  1672-1719,  one  of  the  most  emi- 
nent  of  Englisli  authors,  was  the  eldest  son  of  Lancelot 
Addison,  D.D.,  Dean  of  Lichfield,  the  autbor  of  some  theo- 
logical treatises  noticed  hereafter.  Joseph  was  born  at 
Milston,  near  Ambros-Bury,  Wiltshire,  May  1, 1672.  After 
passing  through  his  preliminary  studies  at  Amesbury  and 
Salisbury,  he  became  an  inmate  of  the  Charter-house, 
where  he  made  the  acquaintance  of  a  youth  who  subse- 
quently became  celebrated  as  his  associate,  and  an  im- 
portant literary  character: — the  names  of  Richnrd  Steele 
and  Joseph  Addison  have  become  so  closely  united,  that 
they  must  descend  In  unbroken  partnership  to  the  latest 
generations.  At  the  age  of  tifteen  he  was  entered  at  King's 
College,  Oxford,  where  Iiis  father  had  preceded  him.  He 
here  applied  himself  with  such  diligence  to  classical  learn- 
ing, that  he  "  acquired  an  elegant  Latin  stylo  before  ho 
arrived  at  that  age  in  which  lads  usually  begin  to  write 
good  English."  The  excellence  of  his  Latin  poetry  soon 
made  him  famous  in  both  universities.  At  a  later  day 
these  fruits  of  early  scholarship  were  collected  and  pub- 
lished in  the  Musa;  Anglicaniv. 

"Our  country  owes  it  to  him.  th;it  the  famous  Monsieur  Boileiiu 

j  first  conceived  an  opinion  of  the  English  genius  for  poetry,  by 

!  perusing  the  present  he  made  him  of  the  Musse  Auglicanse." — 

j  TiCKELL:  }*/>■/. ICC  to  Atldisnn's  W<irks. 

When  about  twenty-two  years  of  age,  he  addressed  some 
verses  to  Dryden,  commending  his  translations,  which 
were  highly  praised  by  the  most  eminent  judges,  and  were 
so  fortunate  as  to  elicit  the  plaudits  of  Dryden  himself.    A 

1  translation  of  the  greater  part  of  the  fourth  book  of  Vir- 
gil's Georgics,  confirmed  the  good  opinion  which  the  great 

I  poet  was  inclined  to  entertain  of  the  abilities  of  this  youth- 
ful follower.  The  excellent  critical  preface  to  Dryden's 
version  of  the  Georgics,  and  many  of  the  arguments,  were 
from  the  pen  of  the  new  aspirant  to  poetical  distinction. 
A  running  criticism  in  verse  on  some  of  the  principal 
English  poets,  addressed  to  Sacheverell,  and  some  other 

1  productions  of  merit,  still  further  increased  the  reputation 
of  the  author.  So  far,  all  was  most  encouraging ;  but 
this  "fancied  life  in  others*  breath,"  as  one  of  the  poets 
styles  Fame,  was  an  unsubstantial  dependence  for  the  every- 
day necessities  of  life.  At  this  juncture,  in  1695,  a  poem 
addressed  to  King  William,  on  one  of  his  campaigns,  de- 
dicated to  Lord  Keeper  Somers,  secured  the  favour  of  this 
noldeman,  and  a  pension  of  £300  per  annum.  About  this 
period  he  published  his  Latin  I'oeuis,  inscril)ed  to  another 
great  man  of  the  day,  Mr.  Montague,  the  Chancellor  of 
the  Exchequer,  afterwards  Lord  llalilax.  It  is  said  to  have 
been  chieiiy  owing  to  the  discouragement  of  this  eminent 
statesman,  that  Addison  resigned  bis  original  intention  of 
taking  holy  orders.  Other  accounts  represent  his  own 
humility  to  have  suggested  to  his  mind  distrust  of  big 
qualifications  and  fitness  i'or  a  position  so  sacred  and  re- 
sponsible. Whether  the  voice  of  ambition  at  this  season 
of  youthful  triumph  was  permitted  to  drown  the  pleadings 
of  conscience,  it  is  impossible  to  decide ;  but  there  appear 
to  us  to  be  many  intimations  in  the  future  writings  of  the 
lay  moralist,  that  the  convictions  of  religious  duty  ever 
remained  stronger  than  tlie  arguments  by  which  they  were 
overruled.  About  the  end  of  the  year  1699,  Addison  de- 
termined to  gratify  an  inclination  which  insufficient  means 
had  heretofore  obliged  him  to  postpone,  and  he  left  Eng- 
land on  a  visit  to  the  classic  soil  of  Italy.  Fortunately,  we 
are  not  lett  to  conjecture  what  must  have  been  the  eflects 
of  scenes  so  inspiring  upon  a  mind  so  well  educated  to  ap- 
preciate their  p<iwer.  In  his  remarks  on  several  parts  of 
Italy,  in  the  years  1701,  2,  3,  we  have  a  record  of  his  im- 
pressions, which  deserves  more  notice  than  it  receives  in, 
the  present  day,  or  indeed  has  secured  in  any  preceding 
generation  of  rearlcrs.  The  death  of  King  William,  in 
1702,  brought  a  new  set  of  statesmen  in  power,  and  the 
loss  of  Addison's  pension  awakened  the  young  traveller 
from  his  classic  dreams  of  past  ages  to  the  necessary  pro- 
vision for  the  day  which  was  passing  over  him.  He  re- 
turned home,  and  found  himself  in  England  with  no  means 
of  livelibooil,  and  no  prospects  beyond  the  uncertain  de- 
pendence of  a  literary  hack.  He  was  not  allowed  to  remain 
long  in  this  unenviable  condition.  The  battle  of  Blenheim, 
fought  August,  1704,  had  excited  the  attention  of  Europe 
to  the  conquerors,  and  the  opportunity  must  not  be  lost  to 
celebrate  the  event  in  the  most  august  strains  of  which 
the  poetic  muse  was  capable.  Lord  Treasurer  Godolphin 
inquired  anxiously  for  a  poet,  and  Lord  Halifax  named 

37 


ADD 


ADD 


Addison  as  the  proper  person.  Mr.  Treasurer  Boyle,  after- 
wards Lord  Carleton,  was  sent  to  prefer  the  request  to  the 
poet,  who,  as  it  will  readily  be  believed,  immediately  un- 
dertook the  duty.  Thk  Campaigx  was  written,  and  the 
successful  bard  became  Commissioner  of  Apjjeals,  and  in 
1706,  Under-Secretary  of  State.  There  was  much  wisdom 
in  this  appointment.  The  aid  of  such  a  penman  was  not 
to  be  despised  by  any  ministry,  however  powerful.  The 
Present  State  of  the  War.  an  anonymous  paniphlet,  pub- 
lished in  November,  1707,  was  credited  to  the  new  secre- 
tary. In  1709,  our  poet  attended  tbc  Mjirquis  of  Wharton 
to  Ireland  as  secretary.  Whilst  absent.  Steele  published 
the  first  number  of  The  Tatler,  April  12,  1709. 

He  soon  became  a  most  useful  contributor  to  his  friend's 
paper.  He  also  contributed  five  articles  to  a  political  pa- 
per, The  Whig  Examiner,  the  first  number  of  which  ap- 
peared on  the  11th  September,  1710.  The  Tatler  was 
brought  to  a  close,  January  2,  1711,  and  the  Hrstof  the  en- 
suing March,  the  Sj»ectator  made  its  api>carance.  This 
periodical,  of  which  as  many  as  20,000  copies  were  sold  in 
a  day,  still  retains  its  popularity.  Addison's  contributions 
may  be  known  by  the  signature  C.  L.  I.  or  0.,  forming  the 
word  "  Clio."  The  Guanlian,  commenced  March  12, 
1713,  was  also  largely  indebted  to  Addison.  In  1713  ap- 
peared the  celebrated  tragedy  of  Cato,  which  was  acted  for 
thirty-five  successive  nights,  notwithstanding  Pope's  opi- 
nion that  it  was  not  so  well  suited  to  the  stage  as  it  was  to 
the  closet.  In  this  year  was  published  a  political  scjuib  of 
our  author's,  entitled  The  Trial  and  Conviction  ol  Count 
Tariff.  On  the  breaking  out  of  the  rebellion  in  1715, 
Addison  supported  the  government  with  great  vigour  in 
the  Freeholder,  which  was  published  from  Septemljer  23 
to  June  29,  of  the  next  year.  His  verses  to  Sir  Godfrey 
Kneller,  and  a  few  other  minor  pieces,  were  given  to  the 
world  about  this  time. 

In  1716,  he  married  the  dowager  Countess  of  Warwick: 
of  this  match  Dr.  Johnsos  remarks : — "  This  marriage, 
if  uncontradicted  report  can  be  credited,  made  no  addition 
to  his  happiness  ;  it  neither  found  nor  made  them  equal. 
She  always  remembered  her  own  rank,  and  thought  her- 
self entitled  to  treat  with  very  little  ceremony  the  tutor  of 
her  son."  He  breathed  his  last  at  Holland-bouse  on  the 
17th  June,  1719,  when  just  entering  the  4Sth  year  of  his 
age.  **  Before  he  expired,  be  sent  for  his  step-son,  the  Earl 
of  Warwick,  then  in  his  21st  year,  and  while  the  young 
nobleman  stood  at  his  bedside  to  receive  his  commands, 
grasping  his  hand,  he  said  he  had  called  him  that  he  might 
see  with  what  peace  a  Christian  could  die.  He  left  an  only 
daughter  by  the  countess." 

Sir  Richard  Steele  acknowledges  himself  indebted  to 
Addison  for  a  considerable  part  of  his  comedy  of  the  Ten- 
der Husband,  which  appeared  in  T704;  an<l  he  is  also 
known  to  be  the  author  of  the  Drummer,  or  The  Haunted 
House.  Some  papers  in  a  continuation  of  The  Spectator, 
which  was  attempted,  but  soon  dropped,  and  one  or  two  in 
a  publication  of  a  similar  nature,  entitled  The  Lover,  were 
contributed  by  him  during  the  years  1713  and  1714. 

It  is  well  known  that  Addison  has  always  laboured  under 
the  suspicion,  not  only  of  envying  his  great  literary  rival, 
Pope,  but  also  of  exhibiting  that  envy  in  the  most  unjus- 
tifiable manner.  We  have  not  space  to  enter  upon  this 
question  at  length.  How  far  he  may  have  jirompted  the 
virulence  of  Philips  and  the  slander  of  Gildon.  is  not  likely 
to  be  satisfactorily  ascertained  at  this  late  hour.  We  refer 
the  curious  reader  to  Sir  AVilliam  Blackstone's  able  paper 
in  the  Biographia  Brilannica.  and  to  the  article  Addison, 
in  Rose's  New  Biog.  Diet.  Blackstone,  certainly  a  com- 
petent judge  of  evidence,  considers  that  Addison's  memory 
has  been  much  calumniated,  although  he  admits  that  the 
publication  of  Tickeirs(?)  version  of  the  Iliad  just  at  the 
moment  of  the  appearance  of  Pope's  translation  was  "in- 
discreet and  ill-timed." 

The  literary  merits  of  Addison  have  been  discussed  at 
length  by  Dr.  Johnson  in  his  Lives  of  the  Poets.  Perhaps 
we  cannot  better  please  and  edify  our  readers  than  by 
quoting  some  opinions  of  the  great  critic,  together  with 
those  of  other  authors,  upon  the  writings  and  character  of 
one  who  must  always  occupy  the  tirst  rank  in  the  list  of 
English  classics : 

"  If  any  judgment  be  made  from  his  books,  of  his  moral  charac- 
ter, nothiug  will  be  found  but  purity  and  excellence.  It  is  justly 
observed  by  Tickell.  that  he  empli.yed  wit  on  the  side  of  virtue  and 
religion.  He  not  only  made  the  "proper  use  of  wit  himself,  but 
taught  it  to  others,  and  from  his  time  it  has  been  generally  sub- 
servient to  the  cause  of  reason  and  of  truth.  No  greater  felicity 
3an  genius  attain  than  that  of  having  purified  intellectual  plea- 
Bure,  separated  mirth  from  indecency, and  wit  fmm  licentiousness; 
of  havini,'  taught  a  succession  of  writers  to  bring  elegance  and 
38 


gayety  to  the  aid  of  goodness;  and.  if  I  may  use  expressions  yet 
more  awful,  of  having  ■  turned  many  to  righteousness." 

•■His  Sentences  have  neither  studied  amplitude,  nor  affected 
brevity ;  his  periods,  though  not  dili^eutly  rounded-  are  vnlul  le  and 
easy.  Whoever  wishes  to  attain  an  i-nglish  style,  familiar  I'Ut 
not  coarse,  and  elegant,  but  not  ostentatious,  must  give  his  days 
and  nights  to  the  study  of  Addison."' — Dr.  Johnson. 

•■  -Mr.  Addison  wrote  very  tluently ;  but  he  was  sometimes  very 
slow  and  scrupulous  in  correcting.  He  would  show  his  \  erscs  to 
Several  friends;  and  would  alter  almost  every  thing  that  an\  of 
them  hiuted  as  wrong.  He  seemed  to  be  too  diffident  of  himself; 
and  too  much  concerned  about  his  character  as  a  poet :  or  i.as  he 
worded  itj  too  solicitous  for  that  kind  of  praise  which  is  but  a 
Tet-y  little  matter  after  all!  51any  of  his  Spectators  he  wrote  very 
fast;  and  sent  them  to  the  press  as  soon  as  they  were  wiitti-n.  It 
seems  to  have  been  best  for  him  not  to  have  had  too  much  time  to 
correct.  Addison  was  perfectly  good  company  with  intimates ;  and 
had  something  more  charming  in  his  conversation  than  1  ever 
knew  in  arty  other  man:  but  with  any  mixture  of  strangers  and 
sometimes  only  with  one.  he  seemed  to  preserve  his  dignity  much, 
with  a  stitT  sort  of  silence." — Pupe:  Spemx''s  Anecdotes. 

"  There  is  a  grove  at  Magdalen  College  whirh  retains  the  name 
of  Addison's  ^Valk.  where  still  the  student  will  linger. .  .  .  "*  ever, 
not  even  by  Dryden,  not  even  by  Temple,  had  the  Kuplish  lan- 
guage been  written  with  such  sweetness,  grace,  and  tacility. 
IJut  this  was  the  smallest  part  of  Addison's  praise.  Had  he 
clothed  his  thoughts  in  the  half-French  style  of  Ilorace  "Walpole, 
or  in  the  half  Latin  style  of  Kr.  .loboMm.  or  in  the  haJf-tierman 
jargon  of  the  present  day.  his  genius  wriuld  have  triumphed  over 
all  faults  of  manner.  As  a  moral  s;itiiist  he  stands  uuri^  ailed.  If 
ever  the  best  Tatlers  and  Spectators  were  equalled  in  their  own 
kind,  we  should  be  inclined  to  guess  that  it  must  have  been  by 
the  lost  comedies  of  Menander.  In  wit.  properly  so  called.  Addi- 
son was  not  inferior  to  Cowley  or  Butler.  No  single  ode  of  tow- 
ley  contains  so  many  happy  analogies  as  are  crowded  into  the 
lines  to  Sir  Godfrey  Kneller:  and  we  would  undei-take  to  collect 
from  the  .Spectators  as  great  a  number  of  ingenious  illustrati'.'ns 
as  can  be  found  in  '  Iludibras.'  The  still  higher  laculty  of  inven- 
tion Addison  possessed  in  still  larger  measure.  .  .  .  But  what 
shall  we  say  of  Addison's  humour?  .  .  .  AVe  own  that  the  hu- 
mour of  Addison  is,  in  our  opinion,  of  a  more  delicious  llavour 
than  the  humour  of  either  Swift  or  Voltaire." — T.  B.  Mac.\1'L\y. 

"  Pope's  character  of  Addison  is  one  of  the  truest,  as  well  as 
one  of  the  best,  things  he  ever  wrote.  Addison  deserved  that 
character  the  most  of  any  man.  'i'et  how  charming  are  his  pmse 
writings!  He  was  as  much  a  master  of  humour  as  he  was  an  in- 
different poet." — Dr.  Lockier.  Petin  of  Itt'Thrrrouf/h. 

"•  Mr.  Addison  did  not  go  any  depth  in  the  study  of  medals :  all 
the  knowledge  he  had  of  that  kind.  1  believe  be  had  from  nie; 
and  I  did  not  give  him  above  twenty  lessons  upon  that  subject."' — F. 

"Mr.  Addison  would  never  alter  any  thing  after  a  priem  was 
once  printed:  and  was  ready  to  alter  almost  every  thing  that  was 
found  fault  with  before.  I  believe  he  did  not  leave  a  word  un- 
changed that  I  might  have  any  scruple  against  in  his  Cato." — P. 

"Th«  last  line  in  that  tragedy  originally  was — 
'  And,  oh,  'Inas  tliis  that  euded  Ciilo'a  life.' 
Mr.  Pope  suggested  the  altei-ation  as  it  stands  at  present: 

'  And  robs  the  guilty  world  of  C:ito'8  life.' 
Mr.  Addison  stayed  about  a  ye;ir  at  Ulois.  He  would  rise  as  early 
as  between  two  and  three  in  the  height  of  summer,  and  lie  a-bed 
till  between  cleveu  and  twelve  in  the  depth  of  winter,  lie  was 
untalkative  while  here,  and  often  thoughtful :  sometimes  so  lost 
in  thonght  that  I  have  come  into  his  room,  and  stayed  five 
minutes  there,  before  he  has  known  any  thing  of  it." — Auufe 

PUILIPPEAUX    OF   ELOIS. 

"The  Spectators,  though  there  are  so  many  bad  ones  among 
them,  make  themselves  read  still.  All  Addison's  are  allowed  to 
be  good." — Ainif  B. 

*'  0\d  Jacob  Tonson  did  not  like  Mr.  Addison.  He  had  a  quarrel 
with  him :  and  after  his  quitting  the  secretaryship  used  frequently 
to  say  of  him.  'One  day  or  other  you'll  see  that  man  a  bishop! 
I'm  sure  he  looks  that  way;  and,  indeed,  I  ever  thought  him  a 
priest  in  his  heart.'  '^ — P. 

■'  It  was  my  fate  to  be  much  with  the  wits.  My  fiither  was  ao- 
quainted  with  all  of  them.  Addison  was  the  best  company  in  the 
world." — Lady  M.  W.  Montagu. 

'•  Addison  usually  studied  all  the  morning,  then  met  his  party 
at  Button's:  dined  there,  and  stayed  five  or  six  hours,  and  some- 
times IJir  into  the  night.  I  was  of  the  company  for  about  a  year, 
but  found  it  was  too  much  for  me,  and  so  I  quitted  it." — Pope: 
^e7icc\<  Aueaioies. 

''To  the  keenest  perception  of  the  beautiful  and  sublime  in 
composition,  he  added  a  taste  pre-eminently  delicate  and  correct, 
and  the  most  engaging  and  fascinating  stvle  th.'^t  this  countiy 
had  ever  witnessed;  with  these  were  combined  the  most  unri- 
valled humnur.  a  morality  lovely  and  interesting  as  it  was  pure 
and  philanthropic,  and  a  fancy  whose  effusions  were  peculiarly 
sweet,  rich,  and  varii-d." — Dn.  Drake. 

Dr.  Blair  censures  Addison  for  occasional  redundancies, 
and  gives  some  instances  from  Nos.  412  and  413  of  the 
Spectator.     Ho  proceeds  to  remark : 

"  Although  the  fi*ee  and  flowing  manner  of  such  an  author  as 
Mr.  .\ddison.  and  the  graceful  hannony  of  his  periods,  may  p-illi- 
ate  such  negligences;  yet.  In  general,  it  holds  that  style  freed 
from  this  prolixity  appears  both  more  strong,  and  more  beautiful. 
The  attention  beconi-s  remiss,  the  mind  falls  into  inaction,  when 
words  are  muHiplied  without  a  corresponding  multiplication  of 
ideas." — Lrctiin's  rm  fifut'iric  and  Bdh:s-Lrttrrs. 

"  When  this  man  looks  from  the  world  whose  weakness  he  de- 
scribes so  benevolently,  up  to  the  heaven  which  shines  over  us 
all.  I  can  hardly  fancy  a  human  face  lighted  up  with  a  more  serene 
rapture;  a  human  intellect  thrilling  with  a  purer  love  and  adora- 
tion, than  Joseph  Addison's !     Listen  to  him :  from  your  childhood 


ADD 

you  have  known  the  verses,  but  who  can  hear  their  sacred  music 
without  love  and  awe? 

'Soon  as  the  evening  shades  prevail, 
The  moou  tiikes  up  ibe  wondrous  tale,'  Ac. 
It  seems  to  me  those  vers.-s  shine  like  the  stars.  They  shino  out 
of  a  great,  deep  cahu.  When  he  turns  to  heaveu,  a  Sabbath  comes 
over  that  man's  mind:  and  his  face  lights  up  from  it  with  a  glory 
of  thanks  and  prayer.  ...  If  Swift's  life  was  the  mnst  wretthed, 
I  think  Addison's  was  nue  of  the  most  enviable.  A  life  prosperous 
and  beautiful— a  >  aim  d-alh — an  immense  fame,  and  affection  af- 
terwards f'ti'  !iis  hapiiy  and  spotless  name."' — T/iackerat/'s  Knglish 
Haiiimists  of  the  J-Jn/hd'inUi  f^ntury. 

'■  We  must  remember  that,  however  narrow,  and  prejudiced,  and 
exclusive  may  s.*om  to  us  the  do^^mas  of  Addison's  literary  criti- 
cisms, yet  that  these  were  the  first  pnjmlar  essays  in  Knglish  to- 
wards the  investij^atiou  of  the  grounds  and  axioms  of  it'sthetic 
SL-ience,  and  that  eveu  here,  in  innumerable  instances,  (as,  for  ex- 
ample, in  the  celebrat*-d  reviews  of  I'aradise  Lost,  and  of  the  old 
national  ballad  of  Chevy  Chase,)  we  find  the  author's  natural  and 
delicate  sense  of  the  beautiful  and  sublime  triumphing  over  the 
accumulated  errors  and  false  judgment  of  bis  owu  artificial  age, 
and  the  author  of  Cato  doing  unconscious  homage  to  the  nature 
and  pathos  of  the  rude  old  Border  ballad-maker."— Prof.  T.  U. 
Shaw. 

"■  In  a  word,  one  may  justly  apply  to  him  what  Plato,  in  his  al- 
legorical language,  says  of  Aristophanes;  that  the  Urai-es.  having 
searched  all  the  world  for  a  temple  wherein  they  might  forever 
dwell,  settled  at  la.st  iu  the  breast  of  Mr.  Addison."— Mklmotii. 

*■  Addison  wrote  little  in  verse,  much  in  swei-l.  .ligaiit,  \  irgilian 
prose;  so  let  me  call  it,  since  Longinus  calls  ll^-rnib.tus  most 
Homeric;  and  Thucydides  is  -said  to  have  formed  his  style  on 
Pindar.  Addison's  compositions  are  built  with  the  finest  mate- 
rials, in  the  taste  of  the  ancients.  I  never  read  him.  but  I  am 
struck  with  such  a  disheartening  idea  of  perfection,  that  I  di'op 
my  pen.  And.  indeed,  far  superior  writers  should  forget  his  com- 
positions, if  they  would  be  greatly  pleased  with  their  own." — Dn. 
Youxo. 

"  In  refined  and  delicate  humour  Addison  has  no  superior,  if  he 
has  any  eiiual.  in  English  prose  literature.  .  .  .  Who  can  set 
limits  to  the  influence  which  such  a  mind  has  exerted?  And 
what  a  lesson  should  it  read  to  the  conductors  of  our  periodic 
press,  from  the  stately  quarterly  to  the  daily  newspaper!  W  hat 
untold  gain  would  it  be  to  the  world  if  they  would  think  less  of 
party,  and  more  of  Truth:  if  they  would  ever  be  found  the  firm 
advocates  of  every  thing  that  tends  to  elevate  and  bless  man.  and 
the  steadfast,  out-spokeu  opponents  of  all  that  tends  to  degrade, 
deliase,  and  brutalize  him !"— Peof.  C.  D.  Cleveland. 

"  In  Addisnu  the  reader  will  find  a  rich  but  chaste  vein  of  hu- 
mour and  satire;  lessons  of  morality  and  reIi:_'ion,  divested  of  all 
austerity  and  gloom;  criticism  at  once  pleasing  and  profound; 
and  pictures  of  national  character  and  manoeis  that  must  ever 
charm  from  their  vivacity  and  truth." — Dr.  IIliRD. 

"Greater  energy  of  character,  or  a  more  determined  hatred  of 
vice  and  tyranny,  would  have  curtailed  his  usefulness  as  a  public 
censor.  He  le<i  the  nation  insensibly  to  a  love  of  virtue  and 
constitutiMual  fivedom.  to  a  purer  taste  in  morals  and  literature, 
and  to  tliM  iiii|...r(ance  of  those  everlasting  truths  which  so 
warmly  tMi^a-.d  his  heart  and  imagination."— Robert  CiiAMBr.Rs. 

-  It  is  praisi'  enough  to  say  of  a  writer,  that,  in  a  hi-rU  deparfc- 
m<-iit  of  litiMiiture,  in  which  many  eminent  writers  have  distin- 
guished themsttlves.  he  lias  no  equal:  and  this  may,  with  strict 
justice,  be  said  of  Addison.  He  is  ..-ntitlrd  to  be  mnsidered  not 
oulv  as  the  greatest  of  thi-  Knglish  .'ssavisis,  but  ;is  tb- f-.rerunner 
of  the  great  English  novi-lists.  His  best  essays  apju-narh  near  to 
absolute  perfection;  nor  is  their  excellence  more  wonderful  than 
their  variety.  His  invention  never  seems  to  fiag;  nor  is  he  ever 
under  the  necessity  of  repeating  himself,  or  of  wearing  out  a 
subject." — Macaulay. 

-  He  was  not  only  the  ornament  of  his  age  and  country,  but  he 
reflects  dij:nity  on  the  nature  of  man.  He  has  divested  vice  of 
its  meretricious  ornaments,  and  planted  religion  and  virtue  in 
the  modest  and  graceful  atture  which  charm  and  elevate  the 
heart." — T)R.  Andersox. 

•'i>f  Aiblisou's  numerous  and  well-known  ^n■itings,  it  may  be 
affirtufd  tkit  they  rest  on  the  solid  basis  of  real  excellence,  in 
moral  tendiMicy  as  well  as  literary  merit.  Vice  and  folly  are 
satirized,  virtue  and  decorum  are  rendered  attractive:  and  while 
polished  diction  and  Attic  wit  abound,  the  purest  ethics  are  incul- 
cated."— Mauxder. 

"  As  a  writer,  as  a  man,  and  as  a  Christian,  the  merit  of  Addison 
cannot  be  too  hi-hly  extolled.  His  stvle  has  been  always  es- 
teemed a  model  of  excellence  bv  men  of  taste.  IHs  humour  has 
a  charm  which  cannot  be  described;  his  philosophy  is  rational, 
and  his  morality  is  pure." — Afln-mnnn. 

The  Life  of  Adilison,  by  Lucy  Aikin,  2  vols.,  London, 
lS4;i,  post  Svo,  with  Portrait. 

"  Miss  Aikin  has  not  left  a  stone  unturned,  that  her  monument 
to  one  of  our  most  polished  writers  and  completi?  minds  may  be 
Ciir.  upright,  and  symmetrical.  Her  book  contains  the  first  com- 
plete life  of  Addison  ever  put  forth.  As  a  literary  biography  it  is 
a  model;  and  its  pages  are  besides  enriched  by  many  hitherto  un- 
publishi'd  letters  of  Addison." — Lmirlmi  Atlienfpum. 

In  coneluiliui^  our  sketch  of  this  eminent  author,  we 
may  observe,  that  perhaps  no  English  writer  has  been  so 
fortunate  as  Addison  in  uniting  so  many  discordant 
tastes  in  a  unanimous  verdict  of  approbation.  Browne 
has  been  thought  pedantic,  Johnson  inflated.  Taylor  con- 
ceited, and  Burke  exuberant;  but  the  gracel'ul  simplicity 
of  Addison  delights  alike  the  rude  taste  of  the  unedu- 
cated, and  the  classic  judgment  of  the  learned.  His  ex- 
quisite humour  charms  our  youth,  and  his  affectionate  ad- 
monitions impress  upon  our  hearts  those  religious  verities 
which  can  alone  confer  dignity  upon  age. 


ADI 

Wo  subjoin  a  list  of  Addison's  works:  1.  Kcmarks  on 
several  parts  of  Italy  in  the  years  1701, 1702,  1703,  London, 
1705,  1718,  1761.  The  same  translated  into  Latin,  under 
the  title  of  Addisoni  Epistola  Missii  ex  Italia,  ad  illustrcm 
Dominuin  Halifax,  anno  1701.  Auctoro  A.  Murphy,  17'J9. 
2.  Campaign;  a  Poem  with  a  Latin  version.  3.  Poems, 
1712.  4.  The  Five  "Whig  Examiners,  1712.  5.  Cato;  a 
tragedy,  17Ki.  The  same  in  Italian  and  Freurh,  1715. 
In  Latin,  under  the  following  title:  Cato  Tragu'dia,  Auc- 
tore  Clarissimo  Viro  Josepho  Addi.son  inter  Auglia  nostra) 
Principes  Poetas,  jure  nemerando,  omissis  Amotoriis 
Scenis.  Latino  Carmine  Versa,  1763.  This  translation 
has  been  commended  as 

"■  In  general  elegant,  and  executed  with  great  spirit.  The 
style  approaches  that  of  Senec.n,  the  tragedian.'' 

6.  Essay  concerning  the  Error  in  Distributing  Modern 
Medals,  1715.  7.  A  Poem  to  the  Princess  of  Wales; 
another  to  Sir  Godfrey  Kneller,  1716.  8.  Freeholder, 
1716.  9.  The  Drummer,  or  tiie  Haunted  House,  1716.  10. 
Freethinker,  1722.  11.  Dis.sertation.s  on  the  must  cele- 
brated Roman  Poets:  Englished  by  Charles  Hayes,  1718. 
12.  Notes  upon  the  Twelve  Books  of  Paradise  Lost,  col- 
lected 1719.  13.  Dialogues  upon  the  Usefulness  of  An- 
cient Medals,  especially  iu  relation  to  the  Liitin  and 
Greek  poets,  1726.  11.* Ode  to  Dr.  Thomas  Burnet,  1727. 
15.  Divine  Poems,  1728.  16.  On  the  Evidences  of  the 
Christian  Religion,  1730.  17.  Discourses  on  Ancient  and 
Modern  Learning. 

His  papers  contributed  to  The  Tatler,  Spectator,  Guar- 
dian, aud  Freeholder,  together  with  his  Treatise  on  the 
Christian  Religion,  were  collected  into  4  vols.,  Edinburgh, 
1790.  Iu  the  Tatler  his  papers  have  no  signature;  in  the 
Spectator,  as  we  have  remarked,  they  are  either  C.  L.  I. 
or  0.  (Clio.)  In  the  Guardian,  they  are  marked  by  a 
hand. 

Addison's  works,  portrait  and  plates,  4  vols.  4to. 
Baskcrville's  splendid  edition,  Birmingham,  1761. 

"  He  who  hath  the  Baskerville  edition  hath  a  good  and  even  a 
glorinus  prrforiiuiuce.  It  is  pleasant  (and.  of  com-so,  protilablr) 
to  turn  nv..-r  the  pages  of  these  lovely  tomes  at  ones  Tusiuium, 
on  a  day  of  oppression  from  heat  or  of  confinement  from  raiu." — 

DlKDIN. 

Addison's  Complete  AVorks,  the  first  complete  edition 
ever  published,  including  all  of  Bishop  Hurd's  edition, 
with  numerous  pieces  now  first  collected,  and  copious 
notes,  by  Prof.  G.  W.  Greene.  A  new  issue,  in  6  vols., 
12mo,  with  Vignettes,  ttc.  N.  York,  1854  j  ed.,  with  addi- 
tions by  H.  G.  Bohn,  6  vols. 

"  Nothing  stamps  the  literary  reading  of  the  present  day  with 
a  more  exalted  character  than  the  fact  of  the  profitable  repulilish- 
ment  of  the  old  English  classics.  We  congratulate  the  public 
upon  having  it  in  their  power  to  purchase  an  edition  of  Addison's 
works,  so  complete  as  this  promises  to  be.  such  an  oruanieut  to 
the  library  as  it  will  prove,  and  i-dited  with  so  much  tact.  To 
undertake  to  praise  the  writings  of  .Ins^-ph  Addison  is  a  work  of 
supereroga1ii>n.  It  is  sutticieut  to  say.  that  more  persons  have 
formed  their  style  on  his  prose  writiugs  than  on  those  of  any 
other  English  writer." 

Addison,  Lancelot,  D.D..  1632-1703,  father  of 
the  preceding,  was  born  at  Crosby  Ravensworth,  in  West- 
moreland. He  was  the  sou  of  a  clergyman,  and  adopted 
the  same  profession.  He  was  noted  at  college  for  his  ac- 
quirements. Not  being  iu  favour  with  the  rulers  of  the 
day,  he  obtained  no  preferment  until  the  Restoration.  His 
first  post  was  that  of  chaplain  at  Dunkirk.  He  was  ap- 
pointed king's  chaplain  in  1070.  Dr.  Addison  wrote  a 
number  of  works,  which  met  with  a  moderate  share  of 
appro})ation.  They  relate  principally  to  the  early  history 
of  Mohammedanism,  to  the  present  state  of  the  Jews, 
and  to  the  sacraments  of  the  Christian  church,  published 
1671-9S. 

Addison,  William,  M.D.  Healthy  and  Diseased 
Structure,  Consumption,  &c..  Lon.,  8vo. 

"A  work  deserving  the  pernsnl  of  every  one  interested  in  the 
late  r-'ipid  advance  of  physiology  and  pathology." — Mrdico-Chifur- 
gicat  Jferiew. 

2.  Malvern  Waters  in  Cases  of  Consumption,  Svo.  3.  Cell 
Thcra]>eutics.  12mo.  1856. 

Addy^  William,     Stenographia.  Lon.,  1095. 

"More  remarkable  for  the  accuracy  and  elegance  of  its  graphical 
execution,  than  for  any  considerable  improvement  in  the  art."— 
Lowndes. 

Adee,  Herbert.    Sermon  on  1  Cor.  ii.  14.  Lond.,  1712. 

Adee,  Nicholas.  Sermon  on  Luke  xx.  41,  Lond.,  1 685. 

Adec,  S.    Con. to  Phil.  Tran.  aud  to  Archajo!..  1755,  &c. 

Adey,  author  of  Sermons,  pub.  London,  1755-60. 
■  Adheim.     See  Aldhelm. 

Adis,  Henry.  Sermon  on  2  Chron.  xxxii.  25,  Lon- 
don, 1660. 

33 


ADK 


AlK 


Adkin,  L.     Serms.  pub.  1782-86  and  1806. 

Atlkins,  VV,     The  Hortorian  Miscellany.  &c.,  1768. 

Adier,  George  J.,  h.  1821,  in  Germany:  t-»r»e  to  U. 
States,  isy;i;  grad.  N.  York  Univ.,  1844;  "Prof.  German 
Language  in  same  institution,  1846-54.  1.  Germun  Gram- 
mar, 1846.  2.  German  Reader,  1847,  3.  German  and  Eng- 
lish Dictionary,  1848,  N.  York,  Svo :  the  must  complete 
work  of  the  kind  pub.  iu  the  U.S.  4.  Abridgment  of  same, 
12mo,  1851.  5.  Manual  of  German  Literature,  1853.  6. 
Latin  (Jrammar,  1:^58, 

Adolphus,  John,  1766-1845,  b.  in  London,  barrister- 
at-law.  1.  Hii^t.  of  Kngland  from  the  Accession  of  George 
III.  to  1783,  3  vols.,  1802 ;  new  ed..  7  vols.  Svo. 

"  We  have  no  hesitation  in  recommending  the  volume  before  us 
as  a  useful  and  interesting  work.  The  future  historian  will  recur 
to  it  as  a  valuable  magazine  of  facts  which  will  teud  much  to 
diminish  the  labour  of  his  investigations." — Editi.  ii'co. 

2.  Biog.  Memoirs  of  French  Revnhitinn,  2  vols.,  1799. 

*'  A  work  in  which,  with  great  aliility.  c<>ll(.-cting  everywhere  from 
the  most  authentic  sources,  .-tud  sul.juining  unilbrmly  a  full  refer- 
ence to  his  authorities,  he  gives  the  only  aci  urate  hiatury  yet  extant 
of  those  tremendous  times  and  the  principal  ageuta  iu  them." — 
British  0)-itic. 

lie  pub.  other  works,  and  assisted  Archdeacon  Coxe  in 
preparing  for  the  press  his  Mercoirs  of  Sir  Hubert  Walpole. 

Adoli>hu$,  John  Leycester,  son  of  the  preceding.  1. 
Letters  to  Richard  Jleber,  1821.  This  work  was  written  to 
prove  that  Sir  Walter  Scott  was  the  author  of  the  Waverley 
Novels. 

"  From  its  appearance  Sir  Walter  felt  that  liis  incognito  was 
ended,  and  thenceforth  he  wore  bis  mask  loosely." 

2.  In  connexion  witli  T.  F.  KUis,  Reports  of  Cases  argued 
and  determined  in  the  Court  of  King's  Bench  4  Wm.  IV., 
1834-40,  12  vols.  r.  Sv..;  Lon.,  1835-12;  new  series,  1841- 
47,  8  vols.  r.  Svo;   1842-48. 

Adorno,  J,  N.     Ilannony  of  the  Universe.  Svo.  Lon. 

Adrian  IV.,d.ll59.  wa<  the  niil\  Kii-li.-lunan  whoever 
attained  the  papal  throne,  ili-  iiMinr  iin;j:iiiaily  wa^  Xicho- 
las  Breakspear ;  his  native  plun  .  banglry,  near  SI.  Alban's. 
He  wrote  an  account  of  his  legation,  a  treatise  on  the 
Miraculous  Conception,  and  some  sermons. 

Adrian,  Robert,  LL.D.,  1775-1843.  Improved  ed. 
of  lliitton's  Matlicnialics,  ttc,  Scientific  papers.  &e. 

Ady,  J.    The  Harmony  of  the  Divine  Will.  Lund.,  ISll. 

Ady,  T.,  a  writer  upon  Witchcraft.  Lond.,  165C-61. 

Adye,R.  \V.    Bombardier  and  P.  Gunner.  Loud..  1813. 

Adye,  S.  P.    Treatise  on  Ct.Martials.  Ac.  Lond..  1778. 

^ry,  T.,M.D.,amedical  writer,  Whitehaven.  1774,  &q. 

jEton,     A  treatise  on  the  Church,  Edinbiirirh.  1730. 

Attieck,  Capt.     Agitation  of  the  Sea,  &r.,  Phil.  Trans. 

A^ar,  >V.     Fourteen  Sermons,  &c.,  London.  1756-59. 

Atcard,  Arthur,  1540-]615,  a  learned  antiipiary.  born 
at  Foston.  Derbyshire.  He  wrote  a  number  of  treatises 
upon  the  High  Court  of  Parliament,  the  Antiquity  of  Shires, 
of  the  Hoxises  or  Inns  of  Court,  and  Chancery,  and  upon 
Doomsday  Book. 

Agas.     See  Aggas. 

Agassiz,  Lonis  Joan  Rodolphe,  born  1S07,  at 
Motiers.  Canton  of  Freyburg,  iu  Swit/,erhind.  His  ances- 
tors were  of  French  origin,  and  were  among  the  number 
of  those  Protestants  who,  in  16S5,  at  the  time  of  the  Revo- 
cation of  the  Edict  of  Nantes,  were  forced  to  fly  from  France. 

His  father,  who  was  a  Protestant  minister,  intended  him 
for  the  church  ;  but,  owing  to  au  intuitive  love  for  Natural 
History,  be  preferred  tho  study  of  Medicine,  as  affording 
a  fuller  scope  for  the  bent  of  his  genius.  To  carry  out 
this  design,  he  entered  the  Medical  Sch<iol  of  Zurich,  but 
completed  his  professional  studies  at  tho  University  of 
Heidelberg,  where  he  particularly  devoted  biw  attention  to 
anatomy,  under  the  direction  of  Professor  Tiedemann.  As 
a  student  and  anatomist,  ho  gained  a  reputation  far  above 
his  compeers.  About  this  time  he  acquired  some  celebrity 
among  his  fellow-students  as  a  lecturer  on  Nntnnil  Histo- 
ry; but  very  soon  his  extensive  knowledge  and  accurate 
discrimination  attracted  the  notice  of  men  of  science. 

From  Heidelberg  he  entered  the  University  of  Munich, 
where  he  remained  four  years.  His  rare  attainments  in- 
duced Martius  to  employ  him  to  prepare  the  ichthyological 
department  of  the  Natural  History  of  Brazil,  which  ailded 
greatly  to  his  scientific  fame.  His  parents  remonstrated 
against  this  devotion  to  science,  and,  tinding  persuasion 
ineffectual,  determined  to  reduce  his  regular  stipend;  but 
his  unmitigated  ardour,  and  indomitable  perseverance  in  the 
pursuit  of  his  favourite  studies,  attracted  the  notice  of  the 
great  German  publisher,  Cotta,  who  advanced  him  such 
sums  as  he  re(iuired.  After  taking  the  degrees  of  Doctor 
of  Medicine  and  Philosophy,  be  repaired  to  Vienna,  where 
ho  entered  upon  the  stuily  of  fossil  fishes.  Through  tho 
liberality  of  a  friend,  ho  visited  Paris,  where  he  gained  the 
40 


I  friendship  of  Cuvier,  which  continued  till  his  death.     At 
j  Paris  he  became  intimately  acquainted  with  Humboldt. 

Agassiz  was  appointed  Professor  of  Natural  History  in 

:  the  College  of  Neufchatel,  on  his  return  to  Switzerland. 

I  Here  he  remained  until  1846.  when  he  embarked  for  Ame- 

I  rica,  and  soon  after  was  appointed  Professor  of  Zo<ilogy 

i  and  Geology  in  the  Lawrence  Scientific  School.     At  thirty, 

i  be  was  a  member  of  nearly  every  scientific  academy  of 

Europe,  besides  having  the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Laws  con- 

,  ferred  on  him  by  the  Universities  of  Edinburgh  and  Dublin. 

!      He  first  promulgated  the  GI.T-ial  Theory  in  1837.     To 

collect  facts  relating  to  this  subject,  he  spent  eight  sum 

raers  upon  the  glacier  of  the  Aar,  8000  feet  above  the  level 

of  the  sea,  and  twelve  miles  from  any  human  habitation. 

The  following  are  his  chief  scientific  works : 

"  KiM'herches  sur  les  Poissons  fossiles,  5  vols.  4to,  and  400  plates, 

folio.  Neuffhatel,  ls:U-44.     Histoire  naturelle  des  I'oissons  d'eau 

douce,  I  vol.  Svo,  and  2  portfolios  of  plates.  Neufchatel,  18o9.  Etudes 

i  sur  les  glaciers.  1  vol.  Svo.  d'atlas  in  fnlio.  Neuf  liatel,  1840.  Systems 

glurier,  1  vol.  Svo,  d'atlas  in    folio,    Taris.  IM".      Mono^raphies 

d'KchnridcriniR.  4parts.  4to.  Neuf<h:Url,  ls;',S— i'J.    Ktudes  cnti<iues 

sur  les  :\I'>l!.-^i|ii.-s  fi»ssiles.  .5  parts.  4to.  NeufL-liatel,  1S40-15.     No- 

menclatiir  ZMi.lM.ricus,  1  vol.  4to,  Joloduri,  1842-46.     BiMiographia 

I  Zoolo;,^i;e  et  t;eolo_;i;e,  London,  3  vols.  Svo,  !{.ay  Soc..  1S4S.~    Lake 

I  Superior:  its  physical  character,  Ac.  plates  and  maps.  Svo.  1850, 

'  Twelve  Lectures  on  Comparative  EiiiV)ryolO[;y.  Svo,  1849.     Id  con- 

(  nection  with  Dr.  A.  A.  (iould,  Principles  of  Zoology,  2ded..  1^51, 

'  Contributed  many  valuable  articles  iuTi-ans.  Lond.  Zool.Soc;  Brit. 

I  Assoc;  Hilliman's  .Tour. :  Kdin. New.  Phil.  Jour.;  Proc. Lond.  Geol. 

I  Soc;  Phil.  Ma?;.;  Bibl.Univ.;  L.u.  Br.  N.  .Tahrb.  Proc.  Am.  Assoc; 

Trans.  Amer.  Acad.  Science  and  Arts;  Smithsonian  Cuntrih.,  &c. 

Contributions  to  the  Natural  History  of  the  U.  States, 

1  Bost.,  1857,  2  vols.  4to, — to  be  complete  in  10  vols. 

I  "There  are  2600  subscribers  to  this  work  in  the  United  States. 
A  magnificent  support  of  a  purely  scientific  undertaking,  executed 
on  a  g-raod  and  expensive  scale ;  a  tribute  to  the  worth  of  science, 
and  an  appreciation  of  the  labours  of  a  great  original  iiivesiigator, 
such  as  lias  never  before  been  exhibited  to  the  world." — PnOF.C.  G 
FfiLTON  :  Aj^l'ton's  IVew  .Anier.  Ci/c. 

Agate,  John.     Tlieulogical  Treatise,  Oxford,  1708. 
Agate,  \V.     Sermons,  published  1750-o8. 
Agg,  John,  a  novelist.     Published  Lou.,  1808-13. 
Aggas,  Ralph,  a  surveyor  and  engraver. 

"Tlii-^  ci-kliratf'd  surveyor  published  the  first  map  of  London  in 
1560,  r.]uililish'-(i  in  lOlSand  likewise  in  1037 .''—Lowndes. 

Aglionby,  E.  Latin  Poem  in  Wil.son's  Epigram.,  1552. 

Agliouby,  John,  D.D.,  1566-1609,  originally  De 
Aguilon,  educated  at  Queen's  College,  Oxford,  was  chaplain 
to  James  I.,  and  one  of  the  divines  engaged  in  the  version 
of  the  Scriptures  set  forth  by  that  monarch. 

Aglionby,  W.    Works  upon  Painting.  Lend.,  1 685,  &c. 

Aguilar,  Grace,  was  born  at  Hackney,  England, 
June,  1816.  Her  father  was  Emanuel  Aguilar,  a  merchant, 
i  descended  from  tho  Jews  of  Spain.  She  went  abroad  for 
I  her  health,  and  died  in  Frankfort,  in  1847.  She  could  not 
I  speak  for  some  time  before  her  decease;  but  having  learned 
I  to  use  her  fingeis  in  the  manner  of  the  deaf  and  dumb, 
I  almost  the  last  time  they  moved,  it  was  to  spell  upon  them 
I  feebly, — "  Though  He  slay  me,  yet  will  I  trust  in  Him." 
She  wrote  The  Magic  Wreath,  a  little  poetical  work  ;  Home 
Influence,  Mother's  Recompense.  Jewish  Faith,  its  Conso- 
lation, &c..  Records  of  Israel,  Women  of  Israel.  Vale  of 
(  Cedars,  Woman's  Friendship,  Days  of  Brnce,  and  Home 
Scenes  and  Heart  Studies.  Several  of  these  were  pub- 
lished after  her  death. 

Home  Influence,  a  Tale  for  Mothers  and  Daughters, 
second  eilition.  in  1  vol..  with  a  Memoir  of  the  Author. 

Agutter,  Wm.     Sundry  Sermons.  Lond.,  1706-180S. 

Ahlers,  C.     Woman  of  Godaluiing.  London.  1726. 

Aickin,  J.     On  Grammar,  169;.i :  Counterfeiting,  1696. 

Aickin,  J.     Sermon,  publi.'^hcd  Dublin,  1705. 

Ailicn*     Sermons,  Edinburgh.  1767. 

Aikin,  Ann:i  L.     See  BAitBAn.n. 

Aikin,  Arlhnr,  was  one  of  the  editors  of  the  Annals 
of  Philo.sophy,  and  a  voluminous  writer  upon  Mineralogy 
and  Chemistry.  He  edited  The  Annual  Review.  1803,  &c., 
7  vols.  His  Journal  of  a  Tour  through  North  Wales,  Ac, 
1797,  Stevenson  praises  as  "an  admirable  specimen  of  a 
mineralogical  and  geological  tour." 

Aikin,  C.  R.,  surgeon,  London,  in  conjunction  with 
the  above  itublisbed  a  Dictionary  of  Chemistry.  1807-14. 
He  was  the  author  of  several  other  professional  works. 

Aikin,  E.     Architectural  works,  London.  1808-1810. 

Aikin,  J.,  conlrllnitor  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1774. 

Aikin,  John,  .M.  D.,  1747-1822.  born  at  Kibwortb, 
Harconrt.  was  the  only  sou  of  Rev.  J.  Aikin,  LL.D..  and 
brother  of  Anna  Lctitia  Aikin,  afterwards  Mrs.  IJarlmuld. 
He  attended  the  lectures  of  Dr.  John  Hunter  in  1770,  and 
took  the  degree  of  M.  D.  atLeyden.  His  first  publications 
were  professional,  and  very  favourably  received.  In  1772 
he  published  his  vol.  of  Essays  on  Song  Writing,  which  has 


AIK 


AIN 


been  commended  as  "a  much  esteemed  and  elegant  collec- 
tion." In  1775  he  published  A  Specimen  of  the  Medieal 
Bi<)j;raphy  uHircat  Britain,  which  was  sufficiently  approved 
to  induce  liim  tu  prepare  a  vuhiino  of  Biographical  Me- 
moirs of  Medicine  in  Great  Britain,  from  the  revival  of 
Literature  to  the  time  of  Ilervey.  London.  1780.  About 
the  year  17!'-,  in  conjunction  with  his  pister,  he  commenced 
the  Evenings  at  Home,  completed  in  6  volumes  in  1790. 
Almost  the  whole  of  the  matter  was  the  production  of  the 
doctor's  pen. 

"  ThesL-  little  books  are  too  well  known  to  require  any  comment ; 
and  they  have  led  the  way  to  many  othci-sof  a  similar  nature,  and 
bei?u  tianslated  into  almost  every  Europi.'an  lan;;ua;j;e." 

He  next  published  the  Letters  from  a  Father  to  a  Ron. 
From  1796-1S07  he  was  literary  editor  of  the  Monthly 
Magazine.  In  January,  1S07,  he  started  the  Athenanim, 
winch  was  discontinued  in  ISO!).  He  commenced,  in  1796, 
a  General  Biography,  in  which  Mr.  Nicholson.  Drs.  En-- 
field  and  Morgan,  and  others,  assisted  him.  This  wiuk 
extended  to  ten  quarto  volumes,  and  was  published  1709- 
1815,  having  employed  the  doctor  nearly  twenty  years; 
yet  time  was  found  by  him  for  various  other  .iterary  works. 
— Eose's  New  liioy.  Diet.  Widely  ditiVrent  opinions  have 
been  entertained  as  to  the  merit  of  Aikiu's  Biographical 
Dictionary.  Mr.  (Jiffordcalls  it  a  '*  worthless  compilation," 
whilst  Roscoc,  in  his  Life  of  Leo  X.,  praises  it  as  *'a  work 
which  does  not  implicitly  adopt  prescriptive  errors,  but 
evinces  a  sound  judgment,  a  manly  freedom  of  sentiment, 
and  a  correct  taste."  Here  is  a  vast  diti'erence  of  opinion  ! 
We  find  some  reference  to  this  work  in  Mr,  Southey's  Cor- 
respondence : 

"  Did  I  tell  you,"  he  writes  to  hia  brother,  "  that  I  have  promised 
to  supply  the  lives  of  the  Spanish  and  I'oituguese  aulhdrs  Jn  the 
remainincf  volumes  of  Dr.  Aikin's  great  General  Bio-rraphy?"  In 
1807,  he  tells  Lont^man  &  Co.,  "  At  Dr.  Aikin's  request.  I  have  un- 
dertaken (long  since)  the  Spanish  and  rortusruese  literary  part  of 
bis  bioj;rapby.  Some  artii-les  appealed  iti  the  last  volume.and  few 
as  they  are.  I  suppose  they  entitle  me  to  it.  Will  you  ask  Dr.  A. 
if  this  be  the  case?'' 

From  1811-15,  he  edited  Dodsley's  Annual  Register.  In 
1820,  his  last  publication,  the  Select  Works  of  the  British 
Poets,  (Johnson  to  Beattie,)  made  its  appearance.  A  con- 
tinuation of  the  series  by  other  hands  has  been  published. 
Dr.  Aikin  died  December  7,  1822.  He  was  emphatically 
a  literary  man.  Dr.  Watt  gives  a  li^t  of  about  fifty  publi- 
cations of  this  industrious  and  useful  writer. 

Aikin,  Tjiicy,  daughter  of  the  preceding,  authoress  of 
several  historical  and  other  works.  Epistles.  Juvenile 
Correspondence.  Memoii's  of  the  Court  of  James  I.,  Lon., 
1S22,  2  vols.  Svo. 

"  An  admirable  historical  work,  nearly  as  enfertaininf;  as  a  novel, 
and  far  mori;  instructive  than  most  histories." — Edinbuvgh  Ixtvitw. 

Miss  Aikin  has  also  given  to  the  world,  Mem.  of  the  Court 
of  Queen  Eliz.,  1818,  2  vols.  Svo;  of  the  Court  of  Charles 
I.,  18:t:i,  2  vols.  Svo;  Lifeof  Aildison,  1843.  2  vols.  Svo. 

Aikman,  Jas,     Poems,  chiefly  lyrical,  Edin.,  1816. 

Ailmor,  John.     See  Avl.mkr. 

Ailrod  of  Kievanx,  1109-1106.  The  name  of  this 
eminent  writer,  which  was  properly  Ethelred,  is  variously 
spelt  in  oUl  manuscripts,  Ailred,  Aelred,  Aired,  Ealred, 
Alured.  (tc.  Ailred,  the  most  usual  form,  appears  to  bo 
merely  a  north-country  abbreviation  of  Ethelred.  He  was 
horn  in  1100.  and  was  educated  in  company  with  Henry, 
sou  of  David,  King  of  Scotland,  whose  friendship,  as  well 
as  that  of  his  father,  he  continued  long  to  enjoy;  and  the 
latter  would  have  raised  him  to  a  bishopric,  but  he  prefer- 
red entering  himself  as  a  Cistercian  monk  in  the  Abbey  of 
Rievaux,  in  the  North  Riding  of  Yorkshire.  Here  his  vir- 
tues and  abilities  were  soon  acknowledged  by  his  fellow- 
monks,  and  he  was  made  master  of  the  novices.  His 
monkish  biographer  tells  us  that  his  extraordinary  sanctity 
was  exhibited  Ijy  miracles  which  he  performed  almost  in 
his  childhood.  After  remaining  some  time  at  Rievaux, 
Ailred  was  removed  to  be  made  ahl)ot  of  the  monnstery  of 
Revesby  in  Lincolnshire,  which  was  a  more  recent  founda- 
tion of  the  Cistercian  order.  He  died  on  the  12th  of  Janu- 
ary, 1166,  at  the  age  of  fifty-seven.  As  an  historical  writer, 
Ailred  has  little  importance  in  comparison  even  with  the 
ordinary  chroniclers  of  his  age,  for  he  too  generallv  pre- 
fers improbable  legends  to  sober  truth.  His  historical 
works  are  not  very  numerous.  They  consist  of,  1.  The 
Life  of  Edward  the  Confessor,  which  has  been  frequently 
printed.  2.  An  account  of  the  Battle  of  the  Standard, 
printed  by  Twysden.  3.  A  work  entitled  in  the  old  cata- 
logue of  Rievaux,  De  Generositate  et  Moribus  et  Morte 
regis  David,  which  also  has  been  printed  by  Twysden,  who 
gives  it  the  title  Geuealogiaregum  Anglorum.  This  book, 
dedicated  to  Henry  II.  before  his  accession  to  the  throne, 


begins  with  an  account  of  David,  King  of  Scotland,  which 
is  followed  by  a  brief  history  of  the  Anglo-Saxon  and 
Anglo-Norman  kings.  The  old  bibliographers  have  made 
more  than  one  book  out  of  this  tract.  4.  The  Life  of  St, 
Margaret,  Queen  of  Scotland,  which  is  only  preserved  in 
an  abridged  form.  5.  The  Story  of  a  Nun  of  Watton  in 
Yorkshire,  who  was  seduced  and  afterwards  repented. 
6,  7.  The  early  catalogue  of  the  library  of  Rievaux, 
printed  in  the  Reliiiuia*  Antiquae.  enumerates,  among  Ail- 
red's  writings,  a  Vita  Sancti  Niniani  Episcopi,  and  a  trea- 
tise De  Miraculis  Hagustaldcnsis  Ecclesia?.  The  Lite  of 
St.  Ninianus  was  formerly  in  MS.,  Cotton.  Tiberius  D.  3, 
now  nearly  destroyed.  The  Miracles  of  the  Church  of 
Hexham  are  preserved  in  the  Bodleian  Libraiy.  John  of 
Peterborough,  under  the  date  1103,  observes,  "Here  emls 
the  chronicle  of  Ailred."  Ailrcd's  theological  writings  are 
more  numerous,  and  consist  of.  S.  Thirty-three  homilies  or 
sermons,  De  Onere  Babylonis,  on  the  thirteenth,  fourteenth, 
fifteenth,  and  sixteenth  chapters  of  Isaiah,  addressed  to 
Gilbert,  Bishop  of  London,  and  therefore  written  after  1161. 
9.  The  Speculum,  or  Mirror  of  Divine  Love.  10.  A  Com- 
pendium Speonli  Oharitatis.  11.  A  dialogue  Dc  Spiritual! 
Amicitia,  the  plan  of  which  arose  from  the  perusal  of  the 
treatise  De  Amicitia  of  Cicero.  12.  A  tract  on  the  words 
of  the  evangelist.  Cum  factus  csset  Jesus  annorum  duode- 
cimo anno  Christi,  which  is  sometimes  entitled  De  duo- 
decimo anno  Christi.  This  work,  and  the  four  preceding, 
were  collected  and  printed  at  Douai  early  in  the  seventeenth 
century,  by  Ri<--hard  Gibbons,  a  Jesuit,  and  were  rcjtrinted 
in  the  Bibliotheca  Patrum.  13.  Liber  de  Institntionc  In- 
chisarum,  or  the  Rule  of  Nuns.  This,  being  i'ound  with- 
out the  name  of  the  author,  was  printed  among  the  works 
of  St.  Augustine,  but  it  was  given  under  Ailred's  name  in 
the  collection  of  monastic  rules  published  by  Lucas  Hol- 
stenius.  It  is  enumerated  among  Ailred's  works  in  the 
early  catalogue  of  the  Rievaux  library.  14.  He  wrote  a 
considerable  number  of  homilies  and  sermons,  some  of 
which  have  been  printed.  Thirty-two  of  his  sermons  are 
intermixed  with  those  of  St.  Bernard  in  a  manuscript  at 
Lambeth,  and  twenty-five  inedited  sermons  of  the  same 
writer  were  printed  in  the  Bibliotheca  Cisterciensium. 
15.  A  large  collection  of  epistles  by  Ailred  appear  to  be 
entirely  lost.  10.  His  dialogue  De  Katura  Anima*  is  pre- 
served in  the  Bodleian  Library.  MS.  Bodl.  Mus.  o2. 
17.  The  old  catalogue  of  Rievaux  mentions  a  work  by 
Ailred,  entitled  Fasciculus  Frondium. 

His  rhythmical  prose  in  honour  of  St.  Cuthhcrt,  as  well 
as  his  "  Epitajih  on  the  Kings  of  Scotland,"  is  lost,  unless 
the  latter  be  the  prosaic  Chrouicon  Rhythmicum  jirinted 
at  the  end  of  the  Chronicon  of  Mailros,  in  the  edition  by 
Mr.  Stevenson.  Among  the  manuscripts  of  Cains  College, 
Cambridge,  according  to  Tanner,  there  is  a  version  of  the 
Life  of  St.  Edward  in  Leonine  Latin  Elegiacs,  ascribed  to 
Ailred,  and  commencing  with  the  line, — ■ 

Cum  tibi,  Laurenti,  cogor  parere  jubenti. 
On  account  of  this  poem,  Leyser  admits  Ailred  into  hia 
list  of  mediteval  Latin  poets. — Abbreviated  from  Wrir/ht'a 
Biog,  Brit.  Lit. 

Ainslie,  Alex,,  M.D.  Medical  writer,  Edin.,  1753,  &c. 

Ainslic,  Hew.,  b.  1792,  Ayrshire,  Scot.,  settled  in 
America,  1822.  1.  Pilgrimage  to  the  Land  of  Burns.  2. 
Scottish  Songs,  Ballads,  and  Poems,  1855,  N.  York,  12mo. 

AinsHe,  J.  Treatise  on  Surveying,  Edinburgh,  1.S12. 
Tables  for  computing  Weights  of  Hay,  &c.,  London,  1806. 
Farmer's  Pocket  Companion,  Edinburgh,  1812.  Treatise 
on  Land  Surveying.  A  new  and  enlarged  Edition,  em- 
bracing Railway,  Military,  Jlarine.  and  Geodetical  Sur- 
veying. Edited  by  W.  Galbraith,  M.A.,  F.R.A.S.  In  Svo, 
with  a  quarto  volume  of  plates,  price  21s. 

"The  hest  book  on  surveylni;  with  which  I  am  acriuainted." — ■ 
WiLLL\M  RUTUERFORD,  LL.D.,  F.K.A.S.,  J^ot/al  Military  Academy^ 
Woolwich. 

Ainslie,  Robert.  Blindness  and  Indifference  of  Men 
to  Futurity :  a  Discourse  occasioned  by  the  Death  of 
George  the  Fourth,  London,  1S30. 

'■  It  is  rifh  iu  practii-al  and  pointed  reflections  upon  the  thoujrht- 
lessness  of  men  in  relVrenre  to  their  eternal  destiny,  'i'he  dis- 
course is  very  creilital'le  to  the  authnr.  both  as  a  literary  and 
theological  composition." — Evan.  JUig.,  1830. 

Reasons  for  the  Hope  that  is  in  us.  A  Series  of  Essays 
on  the  Evidences  of  Natural  and  Revealed  Religion,  the 
Immortalily  .d"  the  Soul,  &c.,  London,  1838. 

Aiuslie,  Sir  Robert.  Views  in  Egypt,  Palestine,  and 
the  Ottoman  Empire,  London,  2  vols.  fol. 

Ainslic,  W.,  M.D.,  A.  Smith  and  M.  Christie,  M.D. 
Medical,  Geographical,  and  Agrieultural  Report  by  them, 
on  the  Causes  of  the  Epidemical  Fever,  which  prevailed 


AIN 

in   the  Provinces  of  Caimbiitore.  Madeira,  Dini.'al,  and 
Tinnevelly,  in  1809-10-U,  Lon.,  1816.  " 

Ainsworth,  Henry,  D.D.,  d.  1062,  date  and  place  of 
birtb  unknown,  lie  became  a  Brownist  in  159U,  and  snf- 
felcd  in  the  persecutions  which  that  sect  endured,  lie 
found  a  refuge  in  Holland,  where  he  h\honrcd  with  Jlr. 
Johnson  in  raising  a  church  at  Amsterdam,  and  in  com- 
piling A  Confession  of  Faith  of  the  Peojde  called  Brown- 
ists.  He  was  noted,  even  in  his  youth,  for  his  knowled^re 
of  the  learned  languages,  especially  for  his  skill  in  the 
Hebrew  tongue.  He  applied  himself  with  great  diligence 
to  the  .study  of  the  Rabbins,  and  is  thought  to  have  owed 
his  death  to  his  zeal  for  the  conversion  of  the  Jews.  Hav- 
ing found  a  diamond  of  great  value,  he  restored  it  to  its 
owner,  a  Jew,  who  begged  him  to  accept  a  reward.  Ains- 
worth stipulated  for  an  op|iortunity  of  a  disputation  with 
some  of  the  Rabbis  upon  the  Old  Testament  jjropheeies 
relating  to  the  Messiiih.  The  Jew  acceded  to  his  request, 
but  unable  or  unwilling  to  perform  his  promise,  had  the 
zealous  divine  poisoned,  thus  evincing  the  ndimn  tlieolu- 
gicum  to  a  remarkable  degree.  Nan-ations  of  this  character 
are  to  be  received  with  great  caution.  His  Annotsitions 
on  the  Psalms  were  printeil  in  1612. 4to ;  on  the  Pentateuch, 
2  vols.  4to,  1621 ;  and  (folio)  in  1627  and  1639.  His  trea- 
tise, A  Counter-Poison  against  Bernard  and  Crashaw.  IIKIS, 
excited  much  attention,  and  was  answered  by  Bishop  Hall. 
Few  authors  have  been  more  quoted  by  learned  men  of 
Tarious  countries  than  Dr.  Ainsworlh.  "CValch  observes  of 
his  Commentaries  on  the  Psalms,  "Monstrant  ist;B  erudi- 
tioucm  non  niediocrum  ac  merito  laudantur."  In  169(1, 
the  work  was  translated  into  Dutch,  and  Poole  has  incor- 
porated the  substance  of  it  in  his  Latin  synopsis. 

Dr.   Doddridge   and   Dr.  Adam   Clarke  express  a  high 
opinion  of  the  value  of  the  Annotations. 

Ainsworth,  J.  Obs.  rel.to  a  pro.  Duty  on  Cotton,  181.3. 
Ain.sworth,  Robert,  1660-174,3.  well  known  as  the 
antiior  of  a  work  which  many  profit  by  nt  first  ac^ainst 
their  will — the  Dictionary  of  the  Latin  Tongue."  Mr. 
Ainsworth  was  born  at  Woodyale  near  Manchester.  His 
Diction.ary  cost  him  twenty  years'  labour,  and  was  first 
published  in  17.36.  It  was  dedicated  to  that  eminent 
scholar,  one  of  the  brightest  ornaments  of  the  medical  pro- 
fession. Dr.  Richard  Mead,  of  whom  we  shall  have  more 
to  say  in  his  place.  Of  the  Dictionary,  there  have  been 
improved  editions  by  Patrick,  Ward,  Young,  Carey,  Ac. 
This  work  was  far  better  than  any  that  preceded  it.  Since 
its  publication  the  treasures  of  the  Latin  tmigue  have 
been  greatly  developed  by  classical  scholars  in  Germany 
and  elsewhere.  The  lexicons  of  Gesner,  F,accioIati.  Shel- 
ler,  Heorges,  and  Freund  are  of  inestimable  value  to  the 
Et.idcnt.  The  Worterbuch  dcr  Lateinischen  Sprache  of  Dr. 
Williiiin  Fieund  w.as  published  in  Leipzig  in  four  volumes, 
coulaiiiing  4500  pages,  in  the  following  order:  vol.  i. 
(A— C)  in  1834;  vol.  iv.  (R— Z)  in  1840:  vol.  ii.  (D— K) 
in  1844;  and  voL  iii.  (L— Q)  in  1845.  Upon  the  basis  of 
this  work  Dr.  E.  A.  Andrews's  Lexicon  is  foumlcd. 

Ainsworth,  W'm.,  author  of  Marrow  of  the  Bible,  in 
Terse.  Lou..  1652.  ami  of  other  works. 

Ainsworth,  Win.  Trijikx  Mcraoriale,  Ac,  1650. 
Ainsworth,  William  Francis,  M.D.,  b.  1807,  at 
Exeter;  studied  medicine  and  graduated  at  Edinburgh: 
took  charge  of  the  Journal  of  Natural  and  GeograpliTcal 
Science,  1828.  1.  Researches  in  Babylonia.  .Syria,  Ac,  1842, 
Lon.,  8vo.  2.  Travels  and  Researches  in  Asia  Minor 
Mesoiiotamia,  Ac,  2  vols.  p.  8vo.  S.  Travels  in  the  Track 
of  the  Ten  Tliousand  Greeks,  IS  14.  p.  8vo.  i.  The  Claims 
of  the  Christian  Aborigines  in  the  East. 

Ainsworth,  W.  Harrison,  novelist,  b.  1S05,  and  in- 
tenderl  for  the  law.  In  1820,  hepub.  anovel,  John  Cheverton, 
which  was  commended  by  Sir  Walter  Scott.  In  1834,  Rook- 
wood  appeared,  followed  (after  pub.  of  Crichton)  bv  another 
bad  book  of  the  same  class.  Jack  Sheppard.  \\'oi"ks  of  this 
mischievous  character  might  be  very  approjiriately  pub- 
lished as  a  series,  under  the  title  of  the  "Tyburn  Plutarch." 
We  are  glad  that  the  author  has  struck  ujion  a  better  vein 
in  his  later  works  of  fiction.  The  Tower  of  London,  Old 
Saint  Paul's,  Windsor  Castle,  and  St.  James's  Palace,  are 
thought  much  mure  creditable  to  the  novelist  than  the 
works  above  censured.  Mr.  Ainsworth  resides  in  the 
neighbourhood  of  Kilburn;  he  edits  the  Kew  Monthly, 
and  the  magazine  which  bears  his  name. 

Ainsworth,  T.  The  Validity  of  Episcopal  Ordina- 
tion, and  invalidity  of  .any  other,  considered  in  Three 
Letters  between  a  Pre.ibyter  of  the  Church  of  England 
(T.  Ainsworth)  and  a  Dissenting  Teacher,  (Asher  Hum- 
phreys,) Oxford,  1719. 

Ainsworth,  Thomas,  Vicar  of  Kimbolton.    Sermon: 
42 


AIT 

1  Cor.  iii.  21-23.  True  Riches,  or  the  Christian's  Possea- 
si<ins,  London.  1840.  Sermon:  2  Tim.  iv.  5.  Pastoral 
Duties.  (Visitation,)  London,  1844. 

Airay,  Christopher,  1601-1670,  of  Queen's  College. 

Oxford,  autborof  a  work  on  Logic,  and  some  other  treatises. 

Airay,  Henry,  1559-1016,  Provost  of  King's  College, 

Oxl'ord.  author  of  a  number  of  theological  works.     The 

Lectures  upon  Philippians  were  published  1618. 

Aircl,  James.  Case  of  Spasms  in  the  ffisophagus; 
Medical  E^s;iy. 

Aird,  'i'homas,  b.  1802,  at  Bowden,  Roxburyshire. 
A  poet  of  much  pfomise,  author  of  the  beautiful  stanzas 
entitled  My  Mother's  Grave.  He  has  pub.  The  Captive 
of  Fez:  Old  B.achelorin  the  Old  Scottish  Village:  IthuricI, 
and  other  poems ;  Poetical  Works,  new  and  t°>mplete  c.l., 
Edin.,  1840,  sm.  8vo:  see  Lon.  Athen.,  1485,  April  12,  1856. 
Religious  Characteristics.  Ed.  Poems  of  David  Macbeth 
M(jir.  (the  "  Delt.a"  of  Blackwood's  Mag.,)  with  Memoir 
prefixed,  1852,  2  vols.  p.  Svo. 

Aires,  Joseph.  Two  Serms.  on  Prov.  xiv.  .34.  1715. 
Airy,  George  Biddell,  b.  Julv,  1801.  at  Alnwick, 
Northumbcrhmd.  Aslronomcr-Royal  of  England ;  entered 
Trmity  Coll.  at  the  age  of  18;  took  the  degree  of  B.A., 
182.3  ;  in  1826.  took  the  degree  M.A.,  and  waslippointed  to 
the  Lucasian  Professorship;  in  1828,  was  elected  Plumian 
Prof,  of  Astronomy  and  Director  of  the  newly-erected  Ob- 
servatory at  Cambridge;  he  was  appointed  Astronomer- 
Royal  in  1835,  on  the  resignation  of  Mr.  Pond,  and,  in 
the  same  year,  was  elected  President  of  the  Roy.  Ast.  Soc. 
1.  Reductions  of  Observations  of  the  Moon,  1750-1830,  2 
vols.  4to. 

'■Au  immense  magazine  of  dormant  facts  cont.iinpd  in  the 
Annals  of  the  Koyal  Ijbservatory  are  rendered  available  to  astro- 
nouncal  use." — .\d.miral  Smyth. 

2.  Astronomical  Observations.  Greenwich,  1845-53. 9  vols. 
4to.  3.  Explanation  of  the  Solar  Syst«m,  Svo.  4.  Lectures 
on  Astronomy  at  Ipswich,  1848,  8vo;  3d  ed.,  1856.  5. 
Mathematical  Tracts  on  Physical  .\stronomy.  8vo;  4th  ed., 
1858.  6.  Treatise  on  Gravitation,  Svo.  Contrib.  "  Figure 
of  the  Earth"  and  "  Tides  and  Waves"  to  Encyclopedia 
Metropolitana,  "  Gravitation"  to  Penny  Cyclopedia,  and 
numerous  valuable  p:rpers  to  Philosophicnl  Transactions, 
Memoirs  of  Astronomical  Society,  Trans.  Cambridge  PhU. 
Soc,  Ac. 

"  Prof  Airy,  of  Cambridge,  the  first  of  living  mathematicians 
and  .HStronomers.— the  first  of  tins  country,  at  least."— .<>ir  Hohrrt 
Fed  to  Jlobffl  Snutlmj,  WhUdtall,  April  4, 1835 :  Soutlieu's  Life  and 
Vorrf.s-p..  chap,  xxxvi. 

The  Royal  Astronomical   Society  awarded    two  of  its 
medals  to  Prof.  Airy, — one  for  his  "  Observ.ations  of  the 
Moon  .and  Planets  from  1750  to  1830;"  the  other  for  his 
discovery    of  the    "Long    Inequality    of  Venus   and   the 
Earth."     This  paper  was  communicated  to  the  Royal  So- 
ciety, and  was  published  in  the  Philosophical  Transactions. 
Aisbatie,  J.    Speech  before  the  House  of  Lords,  1721. 
Aitchison.    Modern  (iazettcer,  Perth,  1798. 
Aitken,  D.,  Surgeon  R.N.    Con.  to  Ann.  of  Med.,  yii. 
309,  1S02. 

Aitken,  John,  M.D.,  d.  1790,  a  teacher  of  anatomy, 
surgery,  Ac.  at  Edinburgh ;  he  published  a  number  of  pro- 
fessional essays.  1771-90. 

Aitken,  Robert,   1734-1S02,  came   to   America  in 
1709,  and  was  for  a  long  time  a  printer  in  Philadelphia. 
He  has  the  credit  of  the  authox-ship  of  Au  Inquiry  con- 
cerning the  Principles  of  a  Commercial  System  for  the 
irnited  States.     He  published  an  edition   of    the   Bible, 
copies  of  which  are  now  exceedingly  rare,  and  worth  B 
high  price  among  bibliogra])hers. 
.Vitkeu,  William.     Ten  Sermons,  Edinburgh,  1767. 
Aitkens,  J.     A  work  upon  Fire  Arms,  London,  1781. 
Aitkinsou.     Epitome  of  the  Art  of  Navigation,  1759. 
Ailkinson.     Sermons.  London,  1772. 
.lilon,  John,   D.D..   Minister  of   Dol|.hinton.     The 
Laud.^  of  the  i\lessijih,  Mohammed,  and  the  Pope,  as  visited 
in  1851,  pub.  1852,  Svo,  London. 

"  ^^  e  doubt  whether  there  has  yet  been  produced  a  more  amus- 
iti|;  volume  upon  the  Kast.  .  .  Dr.  Alton's  account  of  Ins  ascent 
of  the  1'yr.aunds  is  so  graphic  that  we  must  give  it  in  his  own 
words;  iudcH.-d,  we  question  whether  it  would  liave  lH>cn  possible 
to  Smollett,  in  his  broadest  comic  mood,  to  heijrhten  tbe  etfect  of 
the  picture.  .  .  His  sketches  of  the  banks  of  the  Joidan.  and 
tbe  .shores  of  the  Dead  Sea,  possess  considerable  merit." — Btach- 
iviii'irs  Miifiazinf.. 

"  Dr.  Alton,  in  composition,  is  always  clear,  sometimes  eloquent, 
and  occasionally  graphic.  lie  is  honest  and  unprejudiced.  aTid 
looks  on  all  with  which  he  comes  in  contact  with  a  fresh  and 
penetrating  e.^  e.  .  .  .  The  volume  has  honesty  and  freshness, 
and  is  never  dull  or  wearisome." — Fra.-iir's  Miff'trine. 

Aiton,  William,  agricultur.il  writer,  Glasg.,  1805-16. 
Alton,  William,  1731-93   an  eminent  botanist,  and 


AIT 


AKE 


gnr«Uiur  U)  GtMiru;e  III.  Ilortus  Kewensis:  or,  a  Cata- 
lo^uu  uf  the  rianty  lulLlvated  id  the  Royal  Botanic  Gar- 
dens :it  Kew,  iilustrated  with  enf^ravinj^s,  Loudon,  1789, 
3  vols.  1810-11,  5  Vols.   See  Aiton,  W.  T. 

'•  A  most  curiniis,  instructive,  and  excellent  liotanieal  work, 
Khirh  for  scientitic  arrant;t'ment  and  execution  has  never  been 
Bur  parsed." — Lowndes. 

AitoD,  William  T.,  son  of  the  former,  and  suc- 
ceeled  him  as  i;anlt'ner  to  the  king.  He  published  a  new 
editiun  ul'  Hnrtus  Ke\vensi.«,  (also  an  epitome  of  the  same,) 
an  i  .sume  other  horticultural  works. 

Akcnside,  Mark,  M.D.,  1721-1770.  was  born  Novem- 
ber 9,  at  Newcastle-upon-Tyne.  His  father,  a  butcher  of 
that  place,  intended  him  for  the  ministry  among  the  Dis- 
senters, and  he  was  accordingly  sent  to  the  University  of 
Edinburgh,  where  he  remained  three  years.  Preferring 
the  study  of  physic  to  that  of  divinity,  he  returned  a  sum 
he  had  received  for  the  prnsecution  of  his  studies,  and 
took  up  his  residence  at  Leydcn,  where,  after  three  years' 
npplicution,  he  took  his  degree  of  M.D..  May  10,  1744. 
In  the  same  year  he  published  his  Pleasures  of  the  Ima- 
gination, 

"I  have  heard  Podsb^y,  by  whom  it  was  published,  relate,  that 
when  the  copy  w;i>  ulT-rt-d  hini  the  price  demanded  for  it.  which 
was  a  hundred  and  twenty  pounds,  being  such  as  he  was  not  in- 
clined to  tlive  precipitately,  he  cari-ied  the  work  to  t'op.-.  who,  hav- 
ing looked  into  it,  ad%ised  him  not  to  make  a  nij;gardly  oUer;  tor 
*  this  was  no  every-day  writer.'  " — Dii.  Jofinson. 

The  poem  was  well  received;  and  its  circulation  not  in- 
jured by  an  attack  from  Warburton,  elicited  by  Akenside's 
having  adopted  Shaftesbury's  assertion  respecting  ridicule 
as  a  test  of  truth.  Jeremiah  Dyson  took  up  the  cudgels 
for  Akenside,  and  thus  the  young  author  "awoke  and 
found  himself  famous."  The  Epistle  to  Curio  was  his 
next  publication.  This  was-  an  attack  upon  Pulteuey, 
Earl  of  Bath,  upon  political  grounds.  Different  opinions, 
of  course,  were  expressed  of  the  merits  of  this  epistle. 

"A  very  acrimonious  epistle." — Dr.  Johnson. 

"Impressive,  moral,  aud  sensible  production." — Hutchinson's 
Bu^grnphia  M'-dicu. 

In  1745  he  published  his  first  collection  of  odes,  and 
soon  after  commenced  the  practice  of  medicine  at  North- 
ampton, which  he  quitted  for  Hampstead,  and  in  two 
years  and  a  half  for  London.  His  generous  friend,  Mr. 
Dyson,  who  had  before  drawn  his  pen  on  his  behiilf,  now 
generously  drew  his  purse,  and  mmle  him  the  handsome 
allowance  of  £300  per  annum.  In  June,  1751,  the  Royal 
College  of  Physicians  associated  him  as  a  licentiate,  and 
in  April,  1754,  he  was  elected  a  Fellow  of  the  College, 
having  received  a  doctor's  degree  the  preceding  year  by 
mandamus  at  Cambridge.  In  1759  he  received  the  ap- 
pointment of  assistant  physician  to  St.  Thomas's  Hospital, 
and  was  shortly  after  made  one  of  the  physicians  to  the 
queen.  He  was  selected  by  the  College  of  Physicians  to 
deliver  the  Gulstoniau  lectures  in  1755,  and  the  Croonian 
in  1756.  Akenside  was  obtaining  considerable  eminence, 
when  he  was  attacked  by  a  putrid  fever,  which  proved 
fatal  on  the  23d  of  June.  1770,  in  his  49fh  year.  We 
should  not  omit  to  mention  that  his  thesis  upon  taking 
his  degree  of  M.D.  at  Leyden,  entitled  De  Ortu  et  lucre- 
mento  Foetus  Humani,  took  new  grounds  upon  the  subject, 
which  experience  has  since  confirmed. 

In  his  professional  conduct  to  the  indigent  patients 
placed  under  his  charge,  Akenside  cannot  bo  too  much 
blamed.  Dr.  Lettsom,  a  pupil  at  the  Imspital,  tells  sume 
unpleasant  truths  respecting  this  matter,  which  the  bio- 
grapher would  gladly  spare.     He  was 

"  Supercilious  and  unfeelino:.  If  the  poor  affrighted  patients 
did  not  return  a  direct  answer  to  his  queries,  be  would  instantly 
disi_har;^e  them  from  the  hospital;  he  evinced  a  particular  disfi;ust 
to  females,  and  {lenerally  treated  them  with  harshness.  One  le;j; 
of  Akenside  was  considerably  shorter  than  the  other,  which 
obli;;ed  him  to  wear  a  false  heel.  He  had  a  pale,  strumous  coun- 
tenance, but  was  always  very  neat  and  elef:;ant  in  his  dress.  He 
wore  a  larj;e  white  wi^,  and  cai-ried  a  long  sword." 

We  are  told  that  sometimes  he  would  order  some  of  the 
attendants  on  his  visiting  days  to  jjrecede  him  with 
brooms  to  clear  the  way,  and  prevent  too  near  an  approach 
of  the  patients.  Biography  is  a  faithful  friend  to  the 
race,  when  obliged  to  register  the  faults  and  follies  of 
genius.  The  living  are  thus  taught  circumspection  in 
their  *'walk  and  conversation."  How  little  did  Akenside 
suppose  that  a  century  hence  thousands  who  admired  the 
poet,  would  be  forced  to  detest  the  physician,  and  despise 
the  fop!  The  pride  of  Akenside,  and  his  rough  treatment 
of  his  indigent  patients,  are  the  more  striking  when  we 
consider  that  he  himself  was  a  pensioner  of  the  generous 
Jeremiah  D^'son.  His  lofty  pretensiun,  too,  was  suicidal  to 
his  pride,  as  it  was  a  continual  remembrancer  of  his  obscure 


parentage: — obscure,  but  no  subject  for  shame.  As  a  son 
of  a  butcher,  ho  was  perfectly  respectable ;  when  aping 
fashion  and  rank,  he  was  supremely  ridiculous.  Roche- 
foucauld truly  says  that  "  we  are  never  ridiculous  for 
what  we  are,  but  only  for  what  we  pretend  to  be." 

We  turn  to  a  more  agreeable  theme.  The  Pleasures  of 
the  Imagination  has  been  deservedly  commended  for  all 
the  excellencies  of  style,  language,  and  illustration  which 
constitute  a  poem  of  the  first  order.  Dr.  John^ou  speaks 
of  it  as  raising  expectations  that  were  not  very  amply 
satisfied : 

"  It  has,  undoubtedly,  a  just  claim  to  very  particular  notice,  as 
an  example  of  great  felicity  ot  jjenius.  and  uncommon  amplitude 
of  acquisiiions;  of  a  young  mii.d  stored  with  images,  and  much 
exercised  iu  combiuing  and  couipariujj;  them.  .  .  .  'Ihe  subject  is 
well  chosen,  as  it  includes  all  images  that  can  strike  or  pli;ase,and 
thus  comprises  every  species  of  poetical  delight."' 

"As  I  know  that  Akenside's  work  on  the  Pleasures  of  Imagina- 
tion is  deservedly  one  of  your  most  favourite  poems.  1  seud  you 
enclosed  what.  1  have  no  doubt,  you  will  seta  due  value- upon — 
no  less  than  a  copy  of  all  the  corrections  he  made  with  his  own 
hand  on  the  poem.  'Ihey  were  inserted  in  the  margin  of  his 
printed  copy,  which  afterwards  passed  into  the  hands  of  a  gentle- 
man, from  a  friend  ot"  whom,  and  of  my  own,  a  very  ingenious 
young  Templar,  1  received  them."' — Pi.nkerton:  Jia-oti's Litters. 

These  marginal  alterations  were  published  by  Mr. 
Pinkerton. 

"Had  Akenside  completed  his  plan,  his  poem  would  have  lost 
as  much  in  poetry  as  it  would  have  gained  in  philosophy."' — Dr. 

AlKIN. 

Akenside  intended  to  revise  and  enlarge  this  poem,  but 
he  died  before  his  intention  was  fulfilled. 

"  Ilis  periods  are  lung  but  harmoninus,  the  cadences  fall  with 
grace,  and  the  measure  is  supported  with  dignity." 

Johnson  declares  that 

"Of  his  odes  nothing  favourable  can  be  said:  the  sentiments 
commonly  want  force,  nature,  or  novelty ;  the  diction  is  some- 
times harsh  and  uncouth,"  Ac. 

Yet  when  Mr.  Elliott  (father  of  Lord  Minto)  was  com- 
mended for  his  eloquent  speech  in  support  of  the  Scotch 
militia,  he  exclaimed, 

"  If  I  was  above  myself.  I  can  account  for  it ;  for  I  had  lieen 
animated  by  the  sublime  ode  of  Dr.  Akenside." 

Gray  censures  the  tone  of  false  philosophy  which  is  to 
be  observed  in  the  Pleasures  of  the  Imagination : 

"The  pleasures  whiih  this  poem  professes  to  treat  of,  proceed 
either  from  natural  objects,  as  from  a  nourishing  grove,  a  clear 
and  murmuring  fuuntain.  a  calm  sea  by  moonlight,  or  from  woi-ks  . 
of  art.  such  as  a  noble  edifice,  a  musical  tune,  a  statue,  a  picture, 
a  poem." 

Dr.  Dibdin  denominates  Akenside 

"The  most  perfect  builder  of  our  blank  verse.  Why  are  his 
Pleasures  of  the  Imagination  so  little  perused?  There  are  a  hun- 
dred (I  had  welluigh  said  a  thousand]  electrical  passages  in  this 
charminir  poem."' 

"Akenside's  picture  of  man  is  grand  and  beautiful,  but  un- 
finished. The  imniftrtality  of  the  soul,  which  is  the  natural  con- 
sequence of  the  appetites  and  po>s-ers  she  is  invested  with,  is 
scarcely  once  hinted  throughout  the  poem." — Walker. 

'•If  his  genius  is  to  be  estimated  from  this  poem,  it  will  be 
found  to  be  lofty  and  elegant,  chaste,  correct,  aud  classical." — 
Mrs.  Barbauld. 

"  In  his  poem,  as  an  elegant  critic  has  observed  with  great  pro- 
priety, he  has  united  the  grace  of  A'irgil,  the  colouring  of  Milton, 
the  incidental  expression  of  ghaUspeare,  to  paint  the  finest  fear 
tures  of  the  human  mind,  and  the  most  lovely  forms  of  true 
morality  and  reli.;ion." — Bticl'''s  Li/i  nf  Alcmn'de. 

"Akenside's  Pleasures  of  the  Imagination  is  a  very  brilliant 
and  i>Ieasing  production.  Every  page  shows  the  refined  taste  and 
cultivated  mind  of  the  author.     Th;it  it  can  strictly  he  called  a 

work  of  Lrenius.  I  am  not  prepared  to  admit Ills  Ilynins 

and  Odes  have  long  since  fallen  into  oblivion,  and  I  do  not  feel 
inchned  to  disturb  their  rest.  His  Inscriptions,  however,  have 
an  attic  terseness  and  force,  which  are  unequalled  by  any  produc- 
tions of  the  same  class  in  our  language,  excepting,  perhaps,  a  few 
by  our  contemporary,  Southey." — JS'ede's  Lectures  on  English 
Bjetry. 

Campbell  remarks  : 

"The  sweetness  which  we  miss  in  Akenside  is  that  which  should 
arise  from  the  direct  repref^entations  of  life,  and  its  warm  lealities 
and  affections.  We  seem  to  pass  in  his  poem  tbrouu'h  a  gallery  of 
pictured  abstractions,  i-ather  than  of  pictured  things." 

"If  any  young  man  of  genius.  classi,-al  learning,  and  poetical 
ardour,  would  present  the  world  with  a  (Ireek  tianslation  of 
Akenside's  Hymn  to  the  Naiads,  and  sulimit  it  to  the  correction 
of  an  experii'ticfd  Greek  scholar  before  publication,  he  mij-ht  es- 
tablish a  Iparnod  and  honourable  reputation  for  himself,  and  add 
another  nmipositii'ii  wiithy  nf  IPuner  <n-  Calliniaclins.  Sic  ticeat 
ma'Tuas  Cnii'rum  iinpl.'re  c:\iiT\ us."— Pursuits  of  I.itn->itnr-\ 

'MtNSwr:i,i. :  ■  Akenside's  distinguislied  poem  is  his  Pleasures  of 
Imagination;  but.  for  my  part,  I  never  could  admire  it  so  much 
as  most  people  do.'  JnnxsoN:  'Sir,  I  could  not  read  it  throu'-rh.' 
BoswEix:  '  T  have  read  it  through;  but  I  did  not  find  any  great 
power  in  it.' " 

But  on  another  occasion  Johnson  gave  it  as  his  opinion 
that  Akenside  was  a  poet  superior  to  both  Gray  and  Ma- 
son.    Boswell  tells  us  that 

43 


AKE 

"Wliiin  Akenside's  Pleasures  of  Imagination  first  came  out, 
he  rtict  not  put  his  name  to  the  poem.  Holt  went  over  to  DuWin. 
puMi^hed  an  edition  of  it.  and  put  his  own  name  to  it.  Upon  tlie 
fam.'  "f  this  he  lived  for  several  months,  being  entertained  at  the 
be.st  tallies,  as  the  ingenious  Jlr.  liolt." 

We  need  hardly  inform  those  conversant  with  literary 
history  that  this  story  has  heen  refuted.  We  shall  excite 
a  smile  from  our  reader,  when  we  beg  him  to  remember 
that  bigoted  worshipper  of  the  Greeks  and  Romans,  that 
getter-up  of  that  renowned  "  dinner  after  the  manner  of 
the  ancients," — the  inimitable  physician  in  Peregrine 
Pickle!  ^  The  original  of  this  mirth-compelling  son  of 
.^isculapius  was  no  less  a  person  than  our  pompous  friend 
— Doctor  Akenside.  Tobias  Smollett  was  a  rare  hand  at 
a  portrait!  Mr.  D'Israeli  rates  Dr.  S.  soundly  for  thus 
"  taking  off"  his  brother  of  the  lancet  and  bolus  : 

"  Pi  iue4  with  Akenside.  for  some  reflections  against  Scotland. 
Smollett  has  exhibited  a  man  of  great  genius  and  virtue  as  a  most 
ludicrous  person.age;  and  who  can  discriminate,  in  the  ridiculous 
physician  in  Peregrine  Pickle,  what  is  real  from  what  is  fictitious  >" 
— CiUundtna  af  Authors. 

Akenside's  works:  1.  Pleasures  of  Imagination,  Lon- 
don. 171-t,  4to,  1763,  8vo,  with  a  Critical  Essay  by  Mrs. 
Barbauld,  London,  1795,  12mo.  Numerous  edi'tioiis.  In 
Italian.  P.ar.  1764.  2.  Ode  to  Lord  Huntingdon.  London, 
1748.  3.  An  Ode  to  the  Country  Gentlemen  of  England, 
London,  1757.  4.  An  Ode  to  the  late  Thomas  Edwards, 
London,  1763.  6.  Notes  on  the  Postscript  of  a  Pamphlet, 
entitled,  Ob.«ervations  Anatomical  and  Physiological,  by 
Alexander  Munro,  .Ir.,  London,  1758.  6.  Oratio  Har- 
veiana,  1760.  7.  De  Dysenteria  Commentarius,  London, 
1764.  The  same,  translated  into  English,  by  Dr.  Ryan, 
London,  1786,  and  by  Mr.  Motteu.x,  1768.  8.  Poems,  Lon- 
don, 1772.  9.  Poetical  Works,  including  the  Virtuosa.  a 
Fragment  never  before  published,  with  the  Life  of  the 
Author,  London,  1804.  10.  Observations  on  Cancers, 
Medical  Transactions,  i.  p.  64,  1768.  11.  Of  the  use  of 
Ipecacuanha  in  Asthmas,  ibid.  p.  93.  12.  A  Method  of 
treating  White  Swellings  of  the  Joints,  ibid.  p.  104. 
13.  Observations  on  the  Origin  and  Use  of  the  Lymphatic 
Vessels  of  Animals,  being  an  extract  from  the  iVulstonian 
Lectures,  Phil.  Trans.  Abr.  .xi.  145.  14.  Of  a  Blow  on  the 
Heart,  and  its  Effects,  ibid.  xii.  39,  1763. 

^  In  speaking  of  Akenside  as  a  physician,  we  have  already 
given  him  credit  for  the  new,  yet  legitimate,  ground  as- 
sumed by  his  thesis  De  Ortu  et  Incrcmento,  Ac. 

"  His  principal  medical  work.  De  Dysenteria  Commentarius,  has 
been  commended,  and  is  still  to  be  valued,  for  the  elcanre  of  its 
Latinity.  Patholo.gy  has  made  great  advances  since  the  time  r,f 
Akenside.  and  the  distinction  between  inflammation  of  the  serous 
muscular,  and  mucous  textures,  are  now  bettir  ui)<lrr.itond  The 
treatment  of  dysentery  depends  upon  the  condition  oftho.se  struc- 
tures, and  Akenside's  book  is  therefore  no  longer  sought  after  but 
as  a  specimen  of  elegant  composition." 

See  Life,  Writings,  and  Genius,  by  Bucke,  Svo,  Lon- 
don. 1832:  Pleasures  of  Imagination,  byAikin;  Poems, 
in  the  Memoir  by  Dyce;  Biog.  Brit.;  Johnson's  Lives  of 
the  Poets. 


Alicrby,  Geo.  Life  of  Mr.  J.  Spiller,  Lon..  1729 
Akermaii,  John  Yonge.  1.  A  Numism.alic  Ma- 
nual ;  or.  Guide  to  the  Collection  and  Study  of  Greek 
Roman,  and  English  Coins.  Illustrated  by  engravings 
of  many  hundred  Types,  by  means  of  which  even  iiS- 
perfect^and  obliterated  pieces  may  be  easily  deciphered, 
1  vol.  Svo.  ^ 

'■  We  have  loiig  looked  for  a  work  on  Numismatics  which  might 
give  so  much  information  as  every  well-cdmateil  man  ou.'ht  to 
possess,  be  frw  Irom  vulgar  errors,  and  at  the  same  time  be  within 
the  reach  of  the  general  reader.  .Inst  such  a  work  has  llr  Aker- 
man  given  i\a."—Cliurch  r,f  England  Quarterly  lievirw,  Oct.  1S40. 

2.  Descriptive  Catalogue  of  Rare  and  Unedited  Roman 
Coins  ;  plates  on  India  paper,  2  vols,  royal  8vo,  large 
paper,  1834.  3.  Ancient  Coins:  Ilispan.,  Gallia.  Britan- 
nia, Svo.  4.  Archajological  Index  to  Remains  of  Anli- 
qnity,  Svo.  5.  Introd.  to  Study  of  Anct.  and  Mod.  Coins, 
12mo.  6.  Legends  of  Old  London,  p.  Svo.  7.  Numis- 
matic Illustrations  of  the  New  Testament.  8.  Roman 
Coins  relating  to  Britain,  Svo.  9.  Spring  Tide,  12mo.  10. 
Tradesmen's  London  Tokens,  1648-72.  8yo  and  llo.  11. 
Remains  of  Pagan  Saxondom,  1855,  4to.     Other  works. 

AIal)astrr,  Win.,  D.D..  flourished  in  the  end  of  the 
16th   and  beginning  of  the  17th   century.     He  was  born 

in  bufTolk,  educate.l  at  Cambridge,  and  afterward-  : 

porated  of  the  University  of  Oxford 


ALB 

lishcd  Commentarius  de  ccrfa  Apocalypfica,  London,  1621  • 
Lexicon  Pcnt,aglottnn  Hehraicum,  Chaldaicum,  Syriacnm[ 
Ac.  1637;  and  several  other  works.  Anthony  Wood  is 
loud  in  his  praises  : 

"  He  was  the  rarest  poet  and  Orecian  that  any  one  age  or  nation 
ever  produced.  He  hath  written  Itoxana,  Tragedia.  admirably 
well  acted  more  than  once  in  Trin.  foil.  Hall  in  Camlir..  and  was 
soon  after  published,  full  of  faults,  contrary  to  the  authors  mind  ■ 
whereupon  he  took  great  pains  to  correct  and  amend  H:'—Allin,a: 
Ojrotiif'uses. 

Dr.  Johnson  commends  Roxana  "  as  a  composition  equal 
to  the  Latin  poetry  of  Milton;  and  Richard  Herrick,  the 
poet,  in  his  Hespcrides,  doth  highly  celebrate  Alabaster 
for  his  elaliorate  works.  He  died  about  1640,  and  was 
buried  according  to  the  discretion  of  his  dear  friend,  Nich. 
Bacon  of  Grey's  Inn." 

Alaine,  R.     A  treatise  on  Astron.  Instruments. 

Alan  ]>o  Lynn,  flourished  .about  1420;  was  born  at 
Lynn,  Norfolk.  He  applied  himself  to  theology  and 
philosophy  at  Caniliridge,  where  he  took  the  degree  of 
doctor.  He  was  a  preacher  of  note,  and  left  many  works, 
a  list  of  which  will  be  found  in  Tanner.  Let  it  be  recorded 
to  his  credit,  for  all  time,  that  he  was  a  famous  hand  at 
those  invaluable  literary  charts — indexes.  May  his  ex- 
am|de  be  ever  honoured  liy  laudable  imitation  ! 

Alan,  Allen,  or  Allyn,  William,  1532-1594,  car- 
dinal of  the  Church  of  Koine.  His  name  occurs  as  one  of 
the  translators  of  the  New  Testament,  Rheims,  l.iS2.  He 
was  the  author  of  a  number  of  works,  principally  in  de- 
fence of  his  church,  of  which  he  was  so  zealous  an  advo- 
cate that  he  used  his  influence  to  persuade  Philip  of  Spain 
to  invade  England.  Indeed,  he  wrote  two  books  to  prove 
the  eflicacy  of  the  Bull  of  Sixtiis  V.,  by  which  he  con- 
tended that  the  queen  was  accuised  and  deprived  of  her 
crown,  and  her  subjects  no  longer  bound  to  alleo-iance. 
Fuller  says : 

'■  Hear  what  different  characters  two  authors  of  several  per- 
suasions bestow  upon  him,  ■  He  was  somewhat  above  an  ordi- 
nar.y  man  in  stature,  comely  of  countenance,  composed  in  his  gait, 
affable  in  all  meetings,  and,  for  the  gifts  of  his  mind,  pious 
learned,  prudent,  grave,  and  though  of  great  authority,  humble 
modest,  meek,  patient,  peaceable:  in  a  word,  beautiful  and  adorned 
with  all  kinds  of  virtues.'— Kto  tie  Anglia  Smplnrihw:  p  TO' 
Look  first  upon  this  picture;  then  on  this:  '  He  was  the  last  of 
our  l-.n-'h^b  cidiiials  in  time,  and  first  iu  wickedness:  deservino- 
not  t,i  be  .■.luTit.d  among  Englishmen,  who.  asanotherHerostratus! 
to  achieve  himself  a  name  amongst  the  grandees  of  earth.  ende.v 
voured  to  hre  the  Church  of  Knglaud.  the  noblest  (without  envy 
be  it  spoken)  in  the  Christian  world :  so  that  his  memory  deserveth 
to  be  buried  in  oblivion,'  Godwin,  in  his  Catalo'me  of  Cardinals- 
'Let  them  say  what  they  please,  certain  it  is,  he  was  an  active 
man,  and  of  great  parts  and  prudence,'  "— Antbont  Wood. 

Aland,  John  Fortescue,  first  Baron  Fortescue  of 
Credan,  16711-1716,  descended  from  the  famous  Sir  John 
Fortescue,  Chancellor  of  England  in  the  reign  of  Henry  VI. 
A  collection  of  reports  taken  by  him,  and  called  by  his 
name,  was  published  in  1748. 

.  ".^?  .h'ghl.v  were  his  literary  attainments  esteemed,  and  his 
judicial  merits  appreciated,  that  the  University  of  Oxford  conferred 
on  him  by  diploma,  in  1733,  the  degree  of  civil  law,'' 
^  Aland  was  a  friend  of  that  eminent  Saxon  scholar,  M'il- 
liam  Elst(d) :  and  in  the  preface  to  his  Book  of  Absolute  and 
Unlimited  Monarchy,  he  gives  an  .account  »f  Elstob's  pro- 
ject of  compiling  a  very  valuable  edition  of  all  the  Saxon 
laws,  both  in  print  and  MSS.  This  design  was  cut  short 
by  Elstob's  death.  See  Nichols's  Literary  Anecdotes  vol 
iv.  pp.  117,  120. 

Alanc.       On  the  authority  of  the  Word  of  God,  &o. 
Alan.son,  E.     Sermon.s.     Liverpool,  1723-34.  ' 
Alanson,  E.,  surgical  writer,  London,  1771-82 
Alanus  de  Insulis,  of  the  12th  century,  called  Doc- 
tor Universalis,  is  supposed  to  have  been  an  Englishman 
as  well  from  other  circumstsinces  as  from  the  notice  of  Jo- 
seph of  E.xeter's  poem  on  the  Trojan  war 

"  Hlic  pannoso  plebescit  carmine  wmler — 
Knnius,  et  priaini  fortunas  intonat," 
In  addition  to  the  Anti-Claudianus,  he  was  the  author 
of  numerous  works  in  prose  and  verse.  See  Histoire  Lit- 
tcraire  de  France.  His  contemporary  of  the  same  name 
(called  "  Senior,"  for  distinction)  was"  a  native  of  Lille  in 
Flanders. 

Alberieus  de  Vere,  a  canon  of  St.  Osyth's.in  Esses, 
contemporary   with    Richard,   wrote  a  life'  of  St.    ' 


.r,      ,   ,■         ;        ,  -  •■".   «.  .Ji.    Osyth. 

,    ,  „  ,  Du.gdnle  makes  him  the  second  son  of  the  second  Alberic 

*.„j  „,,  „  ,      ,  •,  -•.  lie  attended  Robert,     do  Vere,  E:irl  of  Oxford,  who  died  e-irlv  in  the  rni^m  „f 

r^^ecurning  to  the  Church  of  England.     He  pub-  ,  of  his  monastery,  (which  Tanner  supposes  to  have  been 


ALB 


ALC 


only  a  part  of  the  lifo  of  St.  Osytb,)  and  a  treatise  on  the 
Eucharist. —  Wrif/ht's  Bioy.  Brit.  Lit. 

Albert,  fictitious  title  of  Aumstrosg,  Rev.  John. 

Albiu,  Eleazar,  a  drawer  and  painter  in  natural 
history,  and  publisher  of  many  works  upon  insects,  birds, 
and  Fishes,  Loudon,  1720,  itc. 

Albia,  J.    History  of  the  Isle  of  Wight,  Newport,  1795. 

Albine,  or  De  JSeres,  Johu,  author  of  a  Notable 
Discourse  against  Heresies,  1576,  directed  against  Calvin 
and  his  disciples,  answered  by  Thomas  Spark  aud  Robert 
Crowley. 

Albis,  Thomas  De,     See  White,  Thomas. 

Albricius  lived  in  the  reigns  of  Kings  John  and 
Henry  III.,  according  to  Leland.  Bale  gives  London  as 
the  place  of  his  birth,  and  states  that  he  studied  both  at 
Oxford  and  Cambridge.  He  was  eminent  as  a  physician 
aud  philosopher,  was  a  great  scholar,  and  travelled  in  quest 
of  knowledge.  1.  De  Origine  Deorum.  2.  De  Ratione 
Veneui.  3.  Virtutes  Autiquorum.  4.  Canones  Spcculativi. 
A  treatise,  De  Deorum  Imaginibus,  in  the  Mythographi 
Latiui,  has  the  name  of  Albricius  attached  to  it,  but  the  re- 
ference may  be  to  Albricius,  Bishop  u(  Utrecht,  8th  century. 

Albyn,  B.  Appeal  to  G<ul  and  the  King,  Lon.,  1697. 

Albyne,     Sermons  for  Benefit  of  Bath  Hospital,  1786. 

Alchorue,  W.  B.y  B.D.  Funeral  Sermon,  Col.  iii. 
4,  1(>71. 

Alcock,  John,  LL.D.,  died  1500,  was  successively 
Bishop  of  Rochester,  Worcester,  and  Ely.  lie  was  born 
at  Beverly,  Yorkshire,  educated  at  Cambridge.  He  wrote 
several  works :  1.  Muns  Perfectiouis.  2.  Abbatia  Spiritils 
Sancti.  3.  Homilie  Vulgares.  4.  Meditationes  Piaa.  5. 
Spousage  of  a  Virgin  to  Christ,  ko..  In  allusion  to  his 
own  name,  he  wrote  a  treatise  entitled  Galli  Cantus  ad 
Confratres  suos,  decorated  with  prints  of  the  bird.  He 
was  an  excellent  architect,  and  comptroller  of  the  royal 
works  and  buildings  under  Henry  ^'^I.  Ho  was  also 
preferred  Lord  Chancellor  of  Euglaud  by  the  same 
monarch. 

Alcock,  Mrs.  Mary,  sister  to  R.  Cumberland. 
Poems,  London,  17S9. 

Alcock,  Nathan,  M.D.  The  Rise  of  Mahomet  ac- 
counted for  on  Natural  and  Civil  Principles,  Lond.,  1796. 

Alcock,  T.,  pub.  Sermons,  Essays  on  Poor  Laws, 
kc.  ]75(),  Ac. 

Alcott,  Amos  Bronson,  b.  1799,  at  Wolcott,  Conn. 
He  devoted  many  years  to  the  cause  of  education,  and  his 
original  views  on  the  subject  attracted  consitlerable  atten- 
tion in  Europe  and  America.  Conversations  with  ChiMren 
on  the  Gospels,  Best.,  1836,  2  vols.  12mo.  See  Appleton's 
New  Amer.  Cyc. 

Alcott,  J.     Jesus,  King  of  Saints,  Ac,  1794. 

Alcott,  William  A.,  M.D.,  born  1798  at  Wolcott, 
Connecticut.  Distinguished  author  and  public  lecturer  on 
Physiology,  Hygiene,  and  Practical  Education.  Has 
written  and  edited  upwards  of  100  vols,  on  various  sub- 
jects, of  which  the  following  arc  a  part:  House  I  live  in; 
Young  Man's  Guide;  Young  Woman's  Guide;  Young 
Mother;  Young  Husband;  Young  Wife;  Young  House- 
keeper; Lectures  on  the  Ten  Cummandments ;  Lectures  on 
Lifo  and  Health  ;  Vegetable  Diet  Defended;  Water  Cure; 
Prize  Essay  on  Ti)liacco;  A;c.  tfec.  (fee.  Also  has  been 
editor  of  and  contributor  to  many  moral  and  educational 
journals.  Many  of  Dr.  Alcott'a  works  have  been  very 
popular. 

Alcuin,  7S5-S04.  The  last  of  the  distinguished 
Anglo-Saxons,  whose  name  shed  lustre  on  the  empire  of 
the  Prankish  raonarchs  in  the  eighth  century,  was  Alcuin. 
There  is  only  one  early  life  of  Alcuin,  which  is  anonymous, 
and  was  written  in  829,  by  a  person  who  obtained  much 
of  his  information  from  Sigulf,  Aleuiu's  friend  and  dis- 
ciple:  it  is  printed  in  the  editions  of  Alcuin's  works,  in 
the  Acta  SS.  Ord.  S.  Bened.  of  Mabillon,  in  the  collection 
of  Surius,  and  in  the  Acta  Sanctorum  of  the  Bcdlandists. 
The  richest  source  of  information  relating  to  his  history 
is  his  Epistles.  Much  has  been  written  concerning  Alcuin 
in  modern  times;  a  sketch  of  his  life  is  given  by  Mabil- 
lon ;  a  more  extensive  life  was  composed  in  Latin  by  the 
prince-Abbot  Frobeuius,  and  prefixed  to  his  edition  of 
his  works.  More  recently  Alcuin's  life  has  been  published 
by  Dr.  Frederick  Lorenz,  Profe.ssor  of  History  at  the  Uni- 
versity of  Ilalle,  (1S29,)  translated  into  English  by  Jane 
Mary  Slee,  (sm.  8vo,  London,  1837.)  Burn  at  York  about 
the  year  735,  of  a  noble  family,  Alcuin  was  scarcely 
weaned  from  his  mother's  breast  when  he  was  dedicated 
to  the  church,  and  intrusted  to  the  care  of  the  inmates  of 
the  monastery;  and  on  reaching  the  proper  age  he  was 
placed  in    the  school  of  Archbishop  Egbert,   then   cele- 


brated for  the  number  of  noble  youths  who  crowded  thither 
to  imbibe  instruction  from  the  lips  of  that  prelate.  Al- 
cuin was  distinguished  above  his  fellows  by  his  applica- 
tion to  the  study  of  the  sciences,  which  were  taught  by 
Egbert's  kinsman,  Aelbert,  who  succeeded  him  in  766  in 
the  see  of  York,  and  in  the  management  of  the  school. 
Alcuin  was  Aelbert's  favourite  pupil ;  when  about  twenty 
years  of  age  he  was  chosen  to  aceompauy  him  on  a  visit 
to  the  Continent  in  search  of  books  and  of  new  discoveries 
in  science,  and  on  that  occasion  he  resided  a  short  time  at 
Rome.  In  7S1,  Alcuin  visited  Parma,  on  his  return  from 
Rome,  and  there  met  veith  Charlemagne,  who  had  also 
been  at  Rome.  That  monarch  was  then  meditating  the 
foundation  of  scholastic  institutions  throughout  his  domi- 
nions, aud  being  well  informed  of  Alcuin's  great  reputa- 
tion for  lenrning,  if  not  already  personally  acquainted 
with  him,  he  invited  him  to  settle  in  France,  and  to  be- 
come his  adviser  and  assistant  in  his  projects  of  reform. 
Alcuin  readily  complied  with  the  king's  desires;  but  he 
continued  bis  journey  home  to  fulfil  bis  original  commis- 
sion, and  to  obtain  the  consent  of  the  Archbishop  of  York 
and  the  King  of  Nurlhumbria  (Alfwold)  to  the  proposed 
arrangement.  With  the  approbation  of  his  spiritual  and 
temporal  superiors,  having  cliosen  some  of  his  own  pupilg 
as  companions,  he  returned  to  France  in  the  year  7S2. 

The  positi<jn  of  Alcuin  at  the  court  of  Charlemagne 
during  his  first  residence  in  France  has  been  compared 
and  contrasted  with  that  of  Voltaire  and  other  learned 
foreigners,  who  were  patronized  by  Frederick  the  Great. 
Without  holding  any  actual  employment,  he  lived  as  the 
friend  and  counsellor  of  the  Frankisli  monarch,  was  the 
companion  of  his  private  hours,  which  were  spent  in  dis- 
cussing questions  of  theology  and  science,  aud  acted  as 
the  iustructor  of  his  children.  After  remaining  about 
eight  years  in  France,  ho  resolved  to  return  to  York. 
Charlemagne  begged  him  to  come  back  speedily,  and  make 
the  court  of  France  his  lasting  home;  a  request  to  which 
Alcuin  was  willing  to  consent,  if  he  could  make  it  consist- 
ent with  his  duties  to  his  native  country.  ''Although/' 
he  said,  "  I  possess  no  small  inheritance  in  my  own  coun- 
try. I  will  willingly  resign  it,  and  in  poverty  serve  thee; 
let  it  lie  thy  care  to  obtain  the  permission  of  ray  king  and 
my  liisht^'p."  Alcuin  came  to  England  in  the  year  790,  as 
aml'assador  from  Charlemagne  to  King  Offa,  to  arrange 
some  misunderstanding  which  had  arisen  between  these 
two  great  monarchs.  From  792  to  796  Alcuin  continued 
to  reside  at  the  court  of  Charlemagne,  in  the  same  relation 
to  his  patron  as  before  his  visit  to  England.  His  position 
was  rendered  agreeable,  not  only  by  the  favour  of  the 
royal  family,  but  by  the  society  of  a  circle  of  learned 
friends;  yet  his  happiness  was  frequently  interru-pted  by 
grief  at  the  troubles  with  which  his  native  country  was 
visited. 

Alcuin's  letter  to  the  monks  who  had  escaped  from  the 
massacre  at  Liudisfarue  will  serve  as  a  specimen  of  his 
epistolary  style.     We  give  some  extracts: 

*'  Beatissimi  Patris  sancti  scilicet  Cudberctl  Episcopi  optimis  in 
Christo  filiis  Ilugibaldo  Episcopo  omni  Congregatiani  Lindisfar- 
nensis  Ecclesi;c,  Alchuinus  Diaconus,  coelesti  in  Christo  bunedio- 
tiono  salutem. 

"  Vesti'je  vero  caritatis  familiaritas  pva'sentem  multum  rae 
la'titicare  solcbat:  sed  versa  vice  vestra"  tribulationis  calamitas, 
licet  absentem.  multum  me  quotidie  contristat.  Quomodo  pajraui 
contaminaverunt  sanctuaria  Dei.  et  fuderunt  sanp;uinem  sancto- 
rum in  circuitu  altaris.  ^'astaveruut  domum  spei  uostra-,  cjilca- 
verunt  corpora  sanctorum  in  teniplo  I)ei  quasi  sterquiliniuni  in 
platea.  Quid  nobis  dicendum  est,  nisi  plaufrendimi  animo  vobis- 
t'um  ante  altare  Christ  i.  et  dicere:  Parce  Bomine,  parce  populo 
tuo.  et  ne  des  ha?reditatem  pentihus.  ne  dicant  pa^'ani,  ubi  est 
Deus  Christianorum?  Quse  est  fiducia  Ecclesiis  Hritanniie,  si 
Sanctus  Cudberctus  suam  non  defendit  cum  tauto  sanctorum 
numcro?  Aut  hoc  majoris  initium  est  doloris,  aut  peccata  hald- 
tantium  hoc  exegerunt.  Non  enim  quiddam  casu  contingit.  sod 
magui  cuililiet  meriti  judicium  est.  Sed  modo.  ((ui  residui  eslis, 
state  viriliter,  pugnate  fortiter,  defendite  castm  Tei.  Memen(ot« 
.ludam  Machabeum.  quia  templum  Dei  purgavit,  et  pnpnlura 
emit,  ut  eliU'ravit  extranea.  8i  quid coriigeudum  sit  in  minitms 
mansuetudinls  vestr.T.  citius  corri;_'ite.  Patronos  vestros  ad  vos 
revocate,  qui  vns  ad  tempus  dereliijuerunt.  Non  defuit  illi.s  pntes- 
tas  apud  Dei  clrmi-iili.iin ;  sed  nescimus.  cui  tacuerunt.  Nolite 
gloriari  in  vaiiitate  vr^tiimi;  hsec  non  est  gloria  sacerdotum  et 
servorum  Dei.  sed  contuuielia.  Nnlitein  ebrietate  verba  oration um 
vestrarium  delere.  Non  exeatis  post  luxm-ias  carnis  et  avaritias 
seculi;  sed  in  servitio  Dei  et  regularis  vita'  discipliua  firmiter  per- 
manete,  ut  sanctissinii  patres,  qui  vos  genuerunt.  vobis  prntec- 
toresesse  non  cessent,  .  .  .  Et  tu.  T'atcr  Sancte,  Dux  populi  D«>i. 
Pastor  gregis  sancti.  medicus  animarum,  lucerna  super  candela- 
brum posita,  esto  forma  in  omni  bonitate  cunctis  te  videntibus. 
Sit  tuus  coniit,itus  honestis  moribus,  aliis  exemplum  ad  vitam,- 
non  ad  perditionem.  Sint  tibi  epulce,  non  in  ebrietate.  sed  in  so- 
brietate.  Sint  vestimenta  tuo  gradui  condigna.  Noli  te  confor- 
mare  seculi  honiinibus  in  vanitate  aliqua.  Inanis  ornatus  vestl- 
mentorum,  et  cultus  inutUis  tibi  est  opprobrium  ante  homines,  et 

45 


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ALC 


peccAtnm  ante  Deum.  Melius  est  animam  in  perpetuum  perma^ 
nenttm  bonis  ornare  moribus,  quam  corpus  cito  in  pulvere  pu- 
trescens  exquisitis  comere  vestibus.  Vestiatur  et  satietur  Cbris- 
tuB  in  paupere,  ut  haec  faciens  rejrnet  cum  Chiisto.  Redemptio 
viri  propria'  divitiu?.  Si  aurum  dilisamus.  pr.Tinittamus  nobis  in 
coelum,  ubi  servabitur  nobis,  et  quod  amemus.  habemus.  Auieraus 
aeterua,  et  non  peritura.  Veras  dili^ramus  divitias.  et  non  caducas; 
Bempiternas  non  transitorias.  Paremus  nobis  laudem  a  Deo,  et 
non  ab  hominibus.  Faciamus.  quod  feceruut.  sancti,  quos  lauda- 
mus.  Pequamur  illorum  vestigia  in  tenis,  ut  illorum  gloi-ise  con-  j 
sortes  esse  mereamur  in  cfelis." 

In  803,  Alcuin's  zeal  in  defending  the  privileges  of  the  , 
churcJi  drew  upon  him  the  temporary  displeasure  of  Charle-  | 
magne,  and  his  grief  on  that  occasion  probably  hastened 
his  death.  He  died  at  Tours,  on  Whitsunday,  the  19th  of 
May,  80-i,  and  was  buried  with  great  pomp  in  the  church 
of  St.  Martin.  An  epitaph,  written  by  himself  in  Latin 
elegiacs,  was  placed  on  his  tomb,  and  is  preserved  by  his 
ancient  biographer. 

The  Epistles  form  the  most  interesting  portion  of  Al- 
cuin's works,  not  only  as  being  the  principal  source  of  in- 
formation relating  to  his  character  and  life,  but  for  the  light 
which  they  throw  np<jn  contemporary  history.  Though 
his  Latin  is  far  from  pure,  these  Ejiistles  are  in  general 
clear  and  dignitied  ;  the  latter  characteristic  sometimes  de- 
generates into  inflated  pompousness.  Next  in  importance 
to  the  Epistles,  are  his  Poems,  which  are  extremely  varied 
in  character,  consisting  of  a  long  piece  in  hexameters  on 
the  bishops  and  saints  of  the  church  of  York,  an  elegy  on 
the  destruction  of  Lindisfarne  by  the  Danes,  and  a  con- 
siderable number  of  epigrams,  epitajdis,  and  jenigmata. 
The  best  of  these  poems  in  point  of  composition,  and  that 
which  has  been  most  frequently  quoted,  is  the  Elegy  on 
the  Destruction  of  Lindisfarne.  Latin  poetr}'  did  not  flou- 
rish in  the  age  of  Alcuin,  and  it  is  not  much  in  favour  of 
this  piece  to  say  that  it  is  superior  to  most  of  the  poems 
of  the  time.  The  following  reflections  on  the  uncertainty 
of  human  happiness,  are  perhaps  the  most  striking  pas- 
sage it  contains : 

"Postquam  primus  homo  Paradisi  liquerat  hortos, 
Kt  miseras  tt-rra'  miser  adibat  optrs: 
Exilioque  gravi  po?nas  cum  pmle  luebat, 
Perfidia;  quoniam  furta  maligna  gerit: 
Per  varios  casus  mortalis  vita  cucun-it, 
Diversoque  di>-s  oiiiuis  liabetat  bomo: 
Fatali  cursu  misicntur  tiistia  la-tis; 

Nulli  firma  fiiit  n';:ula  hititije. 
Nemo  dies  cunctos  felices  semper  halwbit, 

Nemo  sibi  semper  gaudia  certa  tenet. 
Nil  manet  a't*Tnum  celso  sul)  cardine  coeli, 

Omnia  vertuutur  temporil>us  variis. 
Una  dies  ridet.  casus  eras  altera  planget, 

Nil  fixum  faciet  tessera  l^^ta  tibi. 
Prospera  rontnrbat  snrs  tristibus  impia  semper, 

Alternis  vi.  ibus  ut  niiit  unda  maris. 
Nunc  niiiat  ;i!iiia  dii>.,  vt'iii.-t  nox  atra  tenebris, 

Ver  llorrt  ;:ciiiiuis,  liii-ms  frrit  hncque  decus. 
Si'i'Tiniin  stfllis  i-ulint-n  it'|iiiv.ritiir  almis, 

(Juas  luibi'S  nipuiiit  inibrifr;i'  subito. 
Et  sul  ijisf  ilif  ni'-di;t  sultduoitur  ardens. 

Cum  tniKit  uiidMsi  auster  de  vertice  pnli.  (sic.) 
Siepius  I'vcils'is  fiiiuiit  ut  fulgura  nmntes, 
Summaque  silvarum  flamma  ferire  solet; 
Sic  maj<»r  maguis  subito  sa^pissime  rebus 
Eveuiet  casu  forte  ruina  malo.'' 

The  theological  writings  of  Alcuin  are  generally  divided 
into  three  classes :  his  Commentaries  on  the  Scriptures, 
which  are  characterized  by  the  same  partiality  for  typical 
interpretations  as  characterizes  those  of  Bede,  his  Dog- 
matic Treatises,  and  his  Liturgic  Works,  (Opera  Liturgica.) 
The  Commentaries  consist  of  the  Questions  and  Answers  on 
the  Book  of  Genesis,  which  were  translated  into  Anglo- 
Saxon,  the  Comments  on  the  Penitential  P.salms.  on  the 
Song  of  Solomon,  and  on  the  Book  of  Ecclesiastes,  the 
Interpretationes  Noniinum  Hebraicorum,  and  the  Com- 
mentaries on  St.  John,  and  on  the  three  Epistles  of  St. 
Paul.  His  prineijial  Dogmatic  writings  are  the  treatises 
de  Fide  Trinitatis  and  De  Processione  Spiritus  Sancti,  and 
his  books  against  Felix  and  Elipandus.  Under  the  head 
of  Opera  Liturgica  arc  classed  the  Lilier  Sacramcntorum, 
the  treatise  De  Psalmorum  Usu,  the  Oflieia  per  Ferias,  and 
the  tracts  De  Virtutibus  et  Vitiis  and  De  Animie  Ratione. 
To  these  works  are  joined  four  lives  of  Saints,  three  com- 
piled by  Alcuin,  those  of  St.  Martin  of  Tours,  of  St. 
Richarius,  and  of  his  countryman  Wilbrord,  (the  latter  in 
prose  and  in  verse,)  and  one,  that  of  St.  Vedastus,  com- 
posed by  an  older  writer,  but  corrected  and  edited  by  him- 
self. The  tracts  which  Alcuin  compiled  for  the  purposes 
of  instruction  are  few,  and  are  not  remarkable  for  their 
manner  or  the  informatitm  they  contain  ;  they  consist  of 
four  treatises,  De  Grammatica,  De  Orthographia,  De  Rhe- 
t(jrica  et  Virtutibus.  and  Do  Dialectica,  with  several  brief 
tracts,  some  of  which  are  of  doubtful  authenticity.     The 

Hi 


last  editor  of  the  works  of  Alcuin  has  given  a  collection 
of  pieces  either  doubtful  or  decidedly  supposititious,  among 
which  the  only  one  of  any  importance  is  the  Confessio 
Fidei,  which  has  been  believed  by  many  scholars  and  theo- 
logians to  be  a  genuine  work  of  the  preceptor  of  Charle- 
magne. There  can  be  no  doubt  that  some  of  the  writinga 
of  Alcuin  are  lost:  among  these  the  most  important  must 
have  been  the  Biography  of  Charlemagne,  attributed  to 
him  on  the  authority  of  an  expression  of  Eginhard ;  though 
it  is  somewhat  doubtful  whether  such  a  work  ever  existed. 

Many  of  the  writings  of  Alcuin  were  published  sepa- 
rately, or  in  collections,  during  the  IGth  century.  Ilia 
works  were  first  printed  collectively,  hut  very  imperfectly, 
by  Andre  Duchesne  (under  the  Latinized  name  of  Andreas 
Quercetanus)  in  1617.  A  far  more  complete  edition  was 
published  in  1777,  by  Frobenius,  Prince-Abbot  of  St.  Em- 
meram  at  Ratisbon.  But  this  also  might  be  rendered  much 
more  perfect  by  a  collection  of  the  manuscripts  preserved 
in  our  English  libraries.  Many  of  the  separate  editions  of 
the  writings  of  Alcuin  are  extremely  rare.  It  is  probable 
that  some  of  them  have  entirely  escaped  our  researches. 
Of  others  we  can  only  speak  from  the  indications  of  biblio- 
graphers. Some  of  the  letters  have  been  printed  singly  in 
books,  which,  it  was  not  considered  necessary  to  point  out. 
It  may  be  observed  that  the  manuscripts  in  England  con- 
tain several  inedited  letters. 

Editions  of  Ai.cuin. — AUuinus  de  Fide  Trinitatis,  in  the  Ilomi- 
liarum.  liasilia'  per  Mculaum  I\essl(-r.  aiinu  Md '( '( 'XrVI  11.  No- 
nas Augusti,  Kr|irint.-d  in  otlier  H<'niili;iri;i  nf  tiip  I'tb  century. 
Ali-uiiius  d(.-  Fidf  '1  rJnitatis.  Impressuni  est  piieseus  Opusculum 
in  I  ttiiipui  rh:i  Mniiaslerio  tfS.  MM.  Al.-xandri  et  Theodori.  Ord. 
S.  Bin.  AiiiKi  .MDI\.  Tal.  Sept.  This  was  the  brst  production  of 
the  I'rintiiig-i.lhie  fst;il>lished  in  tlie  mnuastery  of  Ottobur^r  by 
Abbot  Ix-oiiard.  Albini  Diaconi  An^'lici  in  D.  Joannis  Evangelion 
commeiitariurum  libri  septem,  Christiana  fruye  refertissimi.  Ar- 
gentorati.  Anno  MDXXVII.  ^vo.  D.  Albini  Caroli  illius  Magnl 
olim  praceptoris.  in  Genesim  fjua-stiones.  a  Menardo  Molthero 
restitut,T.  Ilapanoa^  per  lo.  Sec,  Anno  MDXXIX.  8vo.  Alcuini 
Dialectica  and  tlie  Pialofius  de  Khetorica,  edited  together  by  Me- 
nardus  ."^Inllij.i  us.  Svo.  Hay;enoa?.  1529.  Alcuinus  de  Fide  Trini- 
tatis. 8vo.  Ar;_'fiil.>i;iti,  looO.  Albini  Theologorum  suastatis  doctis- 
simi.  in  KccK■^ia^tl■n  L'ommentaria.  IJasila?.  ex  ofticina  Bebeliana, 
MUXXXI.  Svo.  Frobenius  states  it  as  doubtful  if  this  edition 
were  printed  at  Basil  or  Strasburg.  It  is  dedicated  to  John  Long- 
land,  Bishop  of  Lincoln.  Albini  iu  Septem  I'salmos  Pceuitentiales 
et  cxviii.  Psalmum,  et  in  Cantica  Graduum,  Expositio.  Paris,  ap. 
Nicolaum  Divitem.  1547.  Svo. — 7iltKpo7rpea/3vriKov,  Basil.  1.3oo.  p. 
445.  The  Questiones  in  Genesin.  The  Qua'stiones  in  Genesin.  and 
the  Expositii)  in  Psalmos  Po-nitentiales.  were  printed  in  the  collec- 
tion of  the  Orthodoxographi.  fob  Basil.  1555.  Alcuini  Liber  Sacra- 
mentorum,  was  printed  iu  Jacobi  Pamelii  Opera  Liturgica,  Colon., 
1561.  1571.  and  1009.  Alcuini  Institutiones  Khetorica?,  per  Mat. 
Gallenum,  4to.  Duaci.  1564.  Counnentarius  in  Psalmos  Pi"eniten- 
tiales,  Svo.  Paris,  1508.  De  Tirtutibus  et  Vitiis.  in  the  Bibl.  Pat- 
rum.  Paris,  1575.  !I<imfli;f.  Col.,  1076.  The  t^uastiones  in  Gene- 
sin, inserted  in  the  KiMiothi-ca  Patrum,  fol.  Paris,  1579,  torn.  is. 
Coramentaiia  in  l'>ilesiasten,  cum  Epistola  de  Baptismi  Cferemo- 
niis.  Svo.  Paris,  15S9.  De  Sanctissima  Trinitate  Libellus:  Admo- 
dum  reverendi  patris  F.  R.  Alcuini  Albini  Abbatis  quondam  S. 
Martini  Turonensis:  ad  serenissimum  ac  potentissimum  regem  ac 
imperatorem  AuijustumCarolum  Magnimi.  Uepertus  primum  et 
descriptus  e  vetusto  codice  in  celeberrimo  virorum  divino  cultui 
mancipatorum  caninbio  Augi.T  Divitis  nuncupato.  acnuncdemum 
industria  Nicuhii  Kalt  tvpiMlivulu'atus.  Cnnstaiitiie.  159r>.  Antiijui 
lUietoivs  l.atiiii.  Ex  biMii.tb.-(;i  Kr;iii<is.i  I'itbni.i  IC.  4to.  Paris, 
1599.  ]>ii.  .';.'/.»-; ;>^ 2.  AUuini  sivr  Alttiiii  de  Arte  lUietoricaDialogus. 
Some  nf  liis  epistles  were  printed  at  Ingolstadt.  4to,  1601.  Cani- 
sius.  Lectiones  Antiqua^.  fol.  IGOl.  Ed.  Basnaj^e.  fol.  Antverpim, 
tom.  ii.  p.  376.  Supplementum  ad  Alcuini  librum  de  Virtut.  et 
Vitiis.  pp.  379-456.  Alcuin's  Plpistles.  from  a  MS.  at  St.  Gallen, 
pp.  457-471.  his  homily  on  "Wilbrord,  and  the  metrical  life  of  that 
Saint,  pp.  488-505.  Alcuini  Dialectica.  pp.  506-538.  Alcuini  Gram- 
matica. 5.V9-54S.  Epistnla  de  Caniicorum  Loco,  and  the  treatise 
DeCairemoniis Baptismi attriliut'dtn him.  Thesaurus Ilomiliarum 
seu  Concionum,  ex  prob;itissiiii(innn  patrum.  et  SS.  Ecclesia'  Ca- 
tholic.'e  tarn  Gra-corum  quam  1-atinorum  Doctorum  monumentis, 
ab  Alcuino  Flacco.  jussu  Carcili  Mairni  primum  .acri  judicio  erectus, 
commodfMiue  ordine  pro  ratione  tempftris  in  totius  anni  Evangelia 
distiilmtus.  Tandem  vero  pro  melioii  usu.  religi  osissimi  et  doo- 
tissimi  F.  Laurentii  Surii  Carthusiani  opem.  in  totius  anni  Episto- 
Las  concionibus  exegeticis  ex  eisdem  antiiiuissimomm  Patrum 
adytis  petitis  plurimum  auctns.  ab  innuraerisijue  mendis  vindicar 
tus.  fill.  ('ill.  Agrip.,  1604.  The  homilies  of  Alcuin  only  form  the 
foundation  of  this  work. — Dialectica  Alcuini.  4to,lngolstadt.l(i04. 
Grammatica'  Latinae  Auctores  Antiqui.  Opera  et  Studio  IleliJB 
Putschii.  4to.  ITanov..l605.  coll.  2075-2142.  Flacci  Alcuini.  Camlj 
Magiu  Imp.  Magistii.  Grammatica.  Opera,  colle'-ted  and  edited  by 
Andre  Iiuchesne.  fol.  Paris.  1617.  Alcuini  Dialectica,  cura  Met. 
■Weiss.  Salisburgi.  1029.  Historian  Francorum  Scriptores.  Opera 
ac  Studin  Andrew  du  Chesne  Oeographi  Kegls.  fol.  Lut.,  Paris, 
1636.  Tomns  ii.  pp.  668-690.  Twenty-eight  letters  of  Alcuin.  pp, 
690-693.  four  Epitaphs,  and  his  A'ersus  ad  Carolum  Imperatorem. 
Compendium  in  Canticmn  Canti'-orum.  ex  edit.  Patr.  Junii.  Lon- 
don. 163S.  D'Achery.  Spii-ilegium  sive  Collectio  veterum  aliquot 
Scriptorum,  4to.  1654.  tom.  vi.  pp.  391  and  396,  three  letters  of  Al- 
cuin,torn,  ix.p.lll.  preface  to  the  Exposition  of  the  Psalms.  Nova 
editio.  f.-I.  Pans,  1723.  tom.  iii.  321. 322. 323.  the  letters  and  preface 
to  the  Psalms.  Confessio.  seu  Doctrina  de  Den.  edited  by  ChifHet, 
4to.  1656.  Acta  Sanctorum,  etc..  1658.  The  Life  of  St.  Vedastus. 
Acta  Sanctorum  Ordinis  S.  Benedicti,  So-c.  ii.  fol.  Lut.  Par..  1069, 


ALD 

?p.  1S7-197.  Thelifeof  St.  Richarius,  Pppc.  in.  pars  prima,  foi.  Lut., 
aris.  1672.  pp.  601-029.  The  two  lives  of  Willirord,  Snx.  iii.  pars 
Becunda.  fol.  Lut.  Par..  1672,  pp.  558-569.  A  lar^e  portion  of  the 
poem  on  the  Bishop  of  York,  given  as  anonymous.  Mabillon,  Vetera 
Analecta,  8vo,  Paris.  1075-85.  torn.  i.  p.  309.  Versus  de  Cuculo.  torn, 
iv.  pp.  272-312.  Twenty-six  letters  of  Alcuin  pre\iousIy  inedited.  p. 
522.  Alcuini  versus  de  Aquila  Episcopo  8alt/,lmii,'.  Nov.  Kd.  fol. 
Paris.  1723.  pp.  39S^t)8.  The  tweuty-six  Kpistl.'S,  p.  409.  Alcuini 
versus  de  Cuculo,  p.  3-iS.  The  verses  on  Aquila  (Arno.)  IXistonx 
Britannicie.  8axonicjp.  Anglo- Dan icse,  Scriptores  xv.  Opera  Th.  Gale. 
Tol.  i.  fol.  Oxon..  1691.  pp.  703-732.  The  poem  De  Pontificihus  et 
Sanctis  Ecclesiic  Kboracensis.  Pezius.  Thesaurus  Anecdotorum  No 
Tissimue.  fol.  AutiustjT?  Viudelicorum.  1721,  torn.  ii.  pars,  l.col.  1-10. 
Alcuini  Opusculum  de  Comparatione  Novi  et  Veteris  Testamt-nti, 
and  seven  Epistles  to  Arno.  Kecueil  des  Ilistnri.'nsdesGaul.'s  et 
de  la  Fi-ance.  Tome  CinquiSme.  Par  Dom  Martin  l!'tu<|UHt,  fol. 
Paris.  1744.  pp.  004-020.  Twenty-five  Epistlrs  of  Alcuiii.  iJe:iti 
Flacci  Alljini  seu  Alrvini  Abbatis.  "Caroli  Magni  Regis ac  Imperatfuis 
Magistri,  Opera.  Post  primam  editionem.  a  vii-o  rlarissimo  D.  An- 
drea Quercetano  curatam.  de  novo  collecta.  multis  locis  emendato. 
et  opusculis  primum  repertis  plurimum  aucta.  variisque  mndis 
illustrata.  Cura  ac  Studio  Frobenii.  S.  R.  I.  Principis  et  Abbatis 
ad  S.  Emmeramum  Ralisbon.-p.  Tonii  duoinquatuor  volumini- 
bus,fnl.Katisbon.l777.— J/'/'T/'t'iV/f/^/rofH  Wri'jid's  Binfj.Bnt.  Lit. 

Alday,  J.    Trans,  of  Thcatrum  Mundi,  Ac,  Lon.,  1754. 

Aldeu,  Joseph,  D.D..  LL.D.,  b.  1S07,  in  Green  county. 
N.Y.;  gnul.  at  Union  College,  N.Y.,  182S ;  received  the 
degree  of  D.D.  from  the  same  institution,  1S3S,  and  that 
of  LL.D.  from  Columbia  College,  N.Y.,  1S57.  He  pur- 
sued his  theological  studies  at  Princeton,  N.J. ;  was  for 
two  years  a  tutor  in  Nassau  Hall ;  was  for  many  years  Pro- 
fessor of  Rhetoric  in  'Williams  Coll.,  Mass.;  Prof,  of  Moral 
Philosophy  in  Lafayette  Coll.,  Pa.  In  Jan.  1857,  he  became 
President  of  Jefferson  Coll.,  Pa.  Dr.  Alden  has  confined 
his  efforts  as  a  writer  chiefly  to  the  department  of  Sunday- 
school  literature.  Among  his  numerous  works  for  the  young 
may  be  mentioned  The  Esami)le  of  Washington,  The 
Patriot's  Fireside.  Religion  in  Fnsbionable  Life,  &c.  At 
one  time  editor  of  the  New  York  Observer,  and  has  been  a 
large  contributor  to  its  columns.  He  is  engaged  [1858]  in 
the  preparation  of  a  text-book  on  Intellectual  Philosophy. 

Alden,  Rev.  Timothy,  1771-1839.  Collection  of 
American  E|)itaphs,  5  vols.  18mo.  N.  York,  1814. 

Alden,  T.  J.  F,  Index  to  the  Reports  of  the  Decisions 
of  the  Supreme  Ct.  of  the  U.  States,  from  Dallas  to  14tfa 
Howard,  inclusive,  3  vols.  Svo,  Phila.,  1854. 

Alder,  Robert,  Wesleyan  Missions.  London,  1842. 

Alder,  Thomas.  Medical  Treatises,  London,  1804-05. 

Aldersey,  S.     Voyageto  Alexandria  and  Cairo,  1586. 

Alderson,  J.,  M.  D.  Besides  writing  professional 
treatises,  Dr.  A.  published  several  upon  Agriculture  and 
Geology,  1788,  Ac. 

Aldhelm.  We  shall  meet  with  more  than  one  great 
scholar  formed  by  the  teaching  of  Theodore  and  Adrian. 
The  most  celebrated  of  these  was  Aldhelm,  a  scion  of  the 
illustrions  family  of  the  West-Saxon  kings.  Aldhelm  was 
born  in  Wessex;  but  the  date  of  his  birth  is  uncertain, 
although  it  maybe  placed  with  suflicient  probability  about 
the  year  656.  Aldhelm  was  not  a  voluminous  writer.  The 
works  which  alone  have  given  celebrity  to  hi.s  name  are 
his  two  treatises  on  Virginity  and  his  ^nigraata.  The 
prose  treati.se  De  Lande  Virginitatis  continued  to  be  a  fa- 
vourite book  with  our  Anglo-Saxon  forefathers  up"  to  the 
time  of  the  Norman  Conquest,  and  numerous  early  manu- 
scripts of  it  are  still  preserved.  Aldhelm's  Latin  Cftmpo- 
eitions  have  been  frequently  cited  as  an  example  of  the 
false  style  of  the  early  Anglo-Latin  writers.  Even  as  far 
back  as  the  12th  century,  William  of  Malmsbury  felt  him- 
self obliged  to  offer  an  apology  for  him.  grounded  on  the 
taste  of  the  age  in  which  he  livcl.  His  writings  are  on 
the  one  hand  filled  with  Latinized  Greek  words,  and  with 
awkward  expressions  that  render  them  obscure ;  while  on 
the  other  they  abound  in  the  alliterations  and  meta]>horica  1  i 
language  which  characterized  his  native  tongue.  Aldhelm's  I 
prose  is  much  less  pleasing  than  his  verse,  because  it  is  far  j 
less  harmonious. 

Aldington,  Maj.    Military  treatises.  Lon.,  1804.  ' 

Aldington,  J.     Poem  on  Shooting,  1767. 

Aldini,  John.  1.  An  Account  of  the  Late  Improve- 
ments in  Galvanism,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1803,  4to,  with  plates.  2. 
Application  of  Galvanism  to  Medical  Purposes,  1S19. 

Aldred,  died  about  1069,  an  Anglo-Saxon  prelate. 
Tanner  gives  him  credit,  perhaps  without  much  probability, 
for  two  works:  1.  Pro  Edgaro  Rege  contra  Tyranuidem 
Normannorum,  lib.  i.     2.  Epistolas  ad  Exiles,  lib.  i. 

Aldred,  Jcr.     Sermon  on  Psalm  xviii.  48,  49,  1716. 

Aldrioh,  C.     Sermon  after  the  Plague,  Ex.  xxxiii.  19. 

Aldrich,  Henry,  D.D..  1647-1710,  of  Christ  Church. 
Oxford.  Ho  was  eminent  as  a  controversialist,  (in  oppo- 
sition to  Popery,)  as  an  architect,  and  as  a  musician.  Hii- 
principal  works  were,  1.  Reply  to  Two  Discourses  concern-  1 


ALE 

ing  the  Adoration  of  our  B.  Saviour  in  the  Holy  Eucharist, 
Oxford,  1687-88.  2.  Artis  LogicjE  Compendium,  Oxford, 
1692, 1696. 1704. 1750.  3.  ElemenU  Architecture;  Civilisad 
Vitruvii  Veterumque  Disciplinam  et  recentiorum  praeser- 
tim  ad  Paladii  cxempta  probatiora  concinnata,  Oxf.,  1789, 
In  his  first  character — as  a  disputant — Burnet  places 
him  among  the  more  distinguished  divines  "  who  managed 
and  directed  this  controversial  war." 

Aldrich,  James,  1810-1856,  an  American  poet  and 
journalist,  b.  near  the  Hudson,  in  the  county  of  Suffolk. 
He  received  his  education  partly  in  Orange  county,  and 
partly  in  the  city  of  New  York,  where,  early  in  life,  he  re- 
linquished the  occupation  of  a  merchant  and  devoted  his 
attention  entirely  to  literature.  Editt^d  two  or  three  pr.pular 
periodicals.  See  specimens  of  his  poetry  in  Griswold's  Poets 
and  Poetry  of  America.  In  the  words  of  his  physician,  Dr. 
Kissam, 
*'  He  not  only  wrote  poetry,  but  lived  the  life  of  a  true  poet." 

Aldrich,  or  Aldridge,  Robert,  died  1555-1556, 
was  Bishop  of  Carlisle  in  the  reigns  of  Henry  VIIT.,  Ed- 
ward VI.,  and  Mary.  He  was  a  friend  of  Leland's.  and 
corresponded  with  Erasmus.  1.  Epistola  ad  Gulielnnim 
Hormanum.  2.  Epigrammata  varia.  3.  Several  Resolu- 
tions concerning  the  Sacraments.  4.  Answers  to  certain 
Queries  concerning  the  abuses  of  the  Mass.- — Bio;/.  Brit. 

Aldrich,  Thomas  Bailey,  b.  1836,  Portsmouth, 
N.H.,  Asst.  Ed.  Home  Journal,  N.  York,  a  poet  of  much 
promise.  1.  Miscellaneous  Poems,  12mo.  2.  The  Course 
of  True  Love  never  did  run  Smooth,  1858,  N.York.  12mo. 

"This  piipiant  little  volume,  by  the  author  of  'Babie  Bell.'  tella 
of  the  haps  ami  nhshiips  i>f  two  Eastern  lovers  whom  a  wliini^ical 
old  caliph  eii.I.'.ivnrs  to  keep  apart,  and  illustrates,  in  must  deli- 
cious verse,  the  trutli  uf  Shakspeare's  line, 

'  The  course  of  true  love  never  did  run  smooth.' " 

Aldridge.     See  Alldridge.  W.  T. 

Aldridge,  W.   Doct.  of  the  Trinity,  on  John  v.  5, 1777. 

Aldridge,  W.,  and  Holdsworth,  W.  Natural  Short 
Hand,  London,  1769. 

Alen,  or  Allen,  Edmond,  died  about  1559,  was  a 
native  of  Norfolk.  Strype  praises  him  as  a  great  proficient 
in  Greek  and  Latin,  an  eminent  Protestant  divine,  and  a 
learned  minister  of  the  gospel.  He  wrote  a  number  of 
theological  works,  and  translated  some  into  English. 

Ales,  or  Alesius,  Alexander,  1500-1565,  born  at 
Edinburgh,  a  divine  of  the  Confession  of  Augsburg. 
Patrick  Hamilton,  the  first  Scotch  martyr,  was  the  means 
of  his  conversion  to  the  doctrines  of  the  Rcformatiim.  He 
wrote  a  number  of  theological  works,  and  translated  Ed- 
ward VI. 's  first  Liturgy  for  the  benefit  of  Bucer. 

Ales.     See  Alexander  de  Hales. 

Alexander,  Archibald,  D.D.,  1772-1S51,  was  a  na- 
tive of  Rockbridge  county,  Virginia.  He  was  educated  at 
Hampden  Sydney  College,  and  studied  theology  with  Kcv. 
Mr.  Graham.  He  was  licensed  to  preach  October  1.  1791, 
ordained  by  the  Presbytery  of  Hanover,  June  9,  1794,  and 
for  some  years  was  a  pastor  in  Charlotte  and  Prince  Ed- 
ward. He  was  chosen  President  of  Hampden  Sydney 
College  in  1796,  pastor  of  the  3d  Presbyterian  Church  in 
Philadelphia  in  1807,  and  first  Professor  of  Didactic  and 
Polemic  Theology  of  the  Princeton  (New  Jersey)  Theolo- 
gical Seminary  on  its  establishment  in  1812,  which  office 
he  retained  until  his  death  in  1851.  Dr.  Alexander's  cha- 
racter was  most  exemplary  in  all  the  relations  of  lit\;.  His 
principal  works  are.  Evidences  of  Revealed  Religion  ;  On 
the  Canon  of  Scripture;  Christian  Experience;  History  of 
African  Colonization;  History  of  the  Israelites;  Annals  of 
the  Jewish  Nation ;  Advice  to  a  Young  Christian ;  Bible  Dic- 
tionary ;  Counsels  from  the  Aged  to  the  Y'oung;  Thoughts 
on  Religious  Experience;  History  of  the  Log  College. 

"  Professor  Alexander  published  his  very  useful  volume  on  the 
Canon  of  .Scripture,  as  a  supplement  to  a  treatise  on  the  Evidences 
of  the  Christian  iteligion.  which  has  been  very  favourably  received 
in  North  America.  This  treatise  on  the  Canon  is  avowedly  com- 
piled from  the  previous  labours  of  the  most  eminent  critics,  espe- 
cially Bishop  Cosin's  Scholastic  History  of  (he  Canon  of  the  old 
T(?ptament,  and  the  ample  collections  of  the  impartial  and  iiideCv 
tigal'le  Dr.  Lardner.  and  the  learned  Jeremiah  Jones.  The  first 
part  of  Dr.  Alexander's  treatise  discusses  the  Canon  of  the  Old 
Testament;  in  the  second  part  are  considered  the  Canon  of  the 
New  Testament,  and  the  reasons  for  which  the  Apocryphal  books 
are  deservedly  rejected  from  the  Pacred  Canon.  To  divines  and 
students  (especially  in  Xorth  America)  who  may  not  have  access 
to  numerous  and  more  costly  works,  this  treatise  is  a  very  useful 
and  acceptable  present." — 7/"r»c's  Intrixiiiction. 

This  work  was  published.  Princeton.  1826,  12mo,  Lon- 
don, 1828,  12mo.  A  new  ed.  was  published,  Lond.,  183;^, 
12mo,  with  introductory  remarks  by  John  Morison,  D.D. 

"•  A  usoful  Treatise  on  the  Canon." — Hickfjisteth. 

"■  Morison's  preface  is  well  worthy  of  a  perusal.  .  .  .  The  '  Evi- 
dences of  Christianity'  is  a  masterly  performance." — Lowndes. 

47 


ALE 

After  Dr.  Alexander's  decease,  there  was  pub.  from  his 
MS.  a  work  eutitled  Outlines  of  Moral  Science,  lSo2. 

"  Though  not  aspiring  to  the  dignity  of  a  treatise,  it  foinis  a  most 
compact  and  convenient  tc.\t-ljonk.  .  .  .  Theauthor  has  had  a  clear 
perception  ot  the  limits  of  his  sulijcct.  and  has  not  aimed  at  nialiiiiK 
It  a  manual  of  •  the  whole  duty  of  man,' ...  It  is  a  calm,  clear  stream 
of  abstract  reasoning,  flowing  from  a  thoughtful,  well-instructed 
mind,  without  any  parade  of  logic,  hut  with  an  intuitive  simplicity 
and  directness  which  gives  an  almost  axiomatic  force.  From  this 
characteristic  we  could  almost  have  conjectured  what  is  stated  in 
the  preface,  that  the  study  of  ethical  philosophy  w,as  the  author's 
favourite  pui-suit  for  at  least  threescore  yeara,  and  that  for  forty 
years  It  formed  a  branch  of  academic  instruction  in  connection  with 
his  theological  course."—  Westm.  Hn:.  Jan.  1863. 

Alexander,  B.,  M.D.,  d.  ITfiS,  trans.  Morgagni's  Seats 
and  Causes  of  Di-seiises  inves.  by  Anatomy,  Lon.,  1769. 

Alexander,  Caleb,  D.I).,  of  Mass.,  U.  S.  of  America, 
d.  1828.     1.   Essay  on  the  Deity  of  Jesus  Christ,  Ac,  1796. 
2.  Latin  Grammar,  17'.H;  and  .an  English  Grammar. 
Alexander, D.  Cnn.toAnnalsof Med.,Ti.p.aO3,1801. 
Alexander,  U.,  M.D.  Treatise  on  Croup,  Hucid.,  179-1. 
Alexander,  D.  T.     A  Call  to  the  .Jews,  Lon. 
Alexander  De  Hales,  d.  1245,  a  celebrated  English 
theologian,  was  called  by  his  contemporaries  the  Irrefragable 
Doctor  and  the  Fountain  of  Life.  So  highly  was  he  esteemed 
by  Pope  Innocent  that  he  ordered  him  to  compile  the  Summa 
Theologica.  He  also  wrote  some  commentaries  on  the  Scrip- 
tures.    The  comments,  were  printed  at  Venice,  H9B,  1575- 
Leipsic,1591;  Cologne,  1621.    The  Summa,  at  Venice,  1475| 
'96,1570;  Nuremb.,  1-181-82;  Paris,  1189;  Basel,  1502.  Ac. 
Alexander,  E.     Con.  to  Med.  Com.,  xv.  p.  373,  1790. 
Alexander  Essebiensis,  an  English  poet  and  theo- 
logian, flourished  about  1220.  He  wrote  a  Chronicle  of  Eng- 
l.and;  A  Medical  Compendium  of  Bible  History ;  A  Life  of 
St.  Agnes,  Ac.    See  Bale;  Tanner's  Bibliotheca. 
Alexander,  J.  God's  Covenant  Displayed,  Lon.,  1684. 
Alexander,  J.  Theological  works,  Lon.,  1680, 1727. 
Alexander,  J.  Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1740 


ALE 


Alexander,  J.  Dissert,  on  Quick  Lime,  Glasg.,  1760. 

Alexander,  J.  Essays,  Lon.,  1768. 

Alexjinder,  J,  Con.  to  Med.  Com.,  iii.  p.  186,  1775. 

Alexander,  J.  Eau  de  Luce,  Ac;  Med.  Com.,  xiv.  n 
297,  ITS'J.  ' 

Alexander,  Sir  J.  E.  (Captain.)  This  celebrated 
traveller  has  given  us  his  adventures  and  observations  in 
fourteen  volumes,  pub.  1827-38.  1.  Travels  from  India  to 
England,  1825-26,  Lon.,  1827. 

"  Cont.-iining  many  lively  and  interesting  descriptions,  more  par- 
ticularly of  scenes  in  Burmah." — (^uar.  Jiev. 

2.  An  Expedition  of  Discovery  into  the  Interior  of  Africa 
Ac,  Lon.,  1838. 

"  In  this  narrative  we  find  Captain  Alexander,  as  hitherto,  lively 
and  entertaining." — Lit.  Gas. 

3.  Litis  of  the  Duke  of  Wellington,  2  vols.  8vo. 

"  It  CMiidcnses  within  popuhir  limits  the  dry  military  details  "— 
Limdiin  Globe. 

Alexander,  James  H  addell,  D.D.,  b.  1804,  Louisa 
county,  Va.,  eldest  son  of  Dr.  Archibald   Alexander,  suc- 
cessively Prof,   at  Princeton  in  College  and  Theol   Sem 
Pastor  in  Charlottesville,  Va.,  Trenton,  N.  J.,  and  Fifth  Ave 
Presb.  Church,  N.  York. 

'•  He  is  highly  appreciated  as  an  author;  and  his  works  have  a 
practical  utility  which  renders  them  highly  popular. 

1.  Gift  to  the  Afflicte.J.  2.  A  Geography  of  the  Bible,  Phila., 
1830,  12mo,  compiled  by  J.  VI.  and  J.  A.  Alexander.  3. 
The  American  Mechanic  and  Workingmau's  Comnanion. 
N.  York  and  Phila.,  2  vols. 

"  VVe  can  but  touch  upon  these  excellent  little  volumes;  for  the 
variety  which  they  ...ntaii,  forbids  all  hope  of  giving  a  just  idea  of 
their  contents  willi,.ut  imm.rous  extr.acts.  AVe  hope  their  circu- 
lation will  widen  until  better  books  of  the  siimc  kind  are  written — 
which  13  allowing  them  a  long  lease  of  public  favour."— iii   World 

4.  Thoughts  on  Family  Worship,  12mo.  6.  Consolation  • 
or.  Discourses  to  the  Suffering  Children  of  God.  N.  York, 
8vo.  6.  Memoir  of  Rev.  Arehibald  Alexander,  N.  York,  Svo! 
7.  Plain  Words  to  a  Young  Communicant,  12rao;  also  in 
Welsh.  He  has  written  more  than  thirty  juvenile  works  for 
the  Amer.  Sunday-school  Union,  of  wliich  the  best-known 
are:  Infant  Library,  Only  Son,  Scripture  Guide,  Frank 
Harper,  Carl  The  Young  Emigrant,  Ac.  8.  The  American 
Suuday-,School  and  its  Adjuncts,  Phila.,  1856  :  a  valuable 
book  to  all  interested  in  Sunday-schools.  Contributed  to 
Princeton  Rev.  since  its  commencement  in  18''5 

Alexander,  John,  1736-1765,  an  Irish  Unitarian  mi- 
nister. 1.  A  Paraphrase  upon  the  15tb  Chapter  1  Corinth.  ■ 
see  Monthly  Rev.,  0.  S.,  vol.  xxxiv.  443-451.  2.  Com- 
mentary on  the  6th,  7th,  and  8th  Chapters  of  Romans;  and 
a  berm.  on  Eccles.  ix.  10,  composed  the  day  preceding  his 
death.  Lon..  17(16.  ' 

1„,!^J/l'L"  *"'*,™"«'>™f  "  fe"  K""'!  critical  remarks;  but  the  theo- 
logical creed  of  he  writer  occupies  a  most  prominent  place  through- 
out. The^lenml  of  the  doctrine  of  the  atonement,  of  a  state  of  hap- 


piness of  dep.irted  spirits,  and  of  the  resurrection  of  the  same  body 
(it  will  perha|is  surprise  the  reader.)  is  founded  on  the  15th  chai.ler 
of  the  1st  Epistle  to  the  Corinthians.  .Noueof  these  important  truths, 
however,  could  Mr.  -Alexander  find  here." — Okme. 

Alexander,  John  Henry,  b.  1812,  at  Annapolis,  Md. 
1.  Treatise  on  Mathematical  Instruments  used  in  Survey- 
ing, Levelling,  and  Astronomy,  by  F.  W.  Simms;  edited, 
with  Copious  Additions,  Bait.,  1835,  8vo;  1839,  Svo;  1848, 
8vo.  2.  Treat,  on  Levelling,  by  F.  W.  Simms ;  with  large 
Additions,  Bait.,  1838,  Svo.  3.  Contrib.  to  a  History  of  the 
Metallurgy  of  Iron  :  Pt.  1,  Bait.,  1840,  Svo,  pp.  xxiv.,  264, 
pbatcs.  4.  Contributions,  Ac. :  Pt.  2,  Bait,,  1842,  Svo.  5. 
Introits ;  or,  Ante-Communion  Psalms  for  the  Sundays  and 
Holy-DaysthroughouttheYear,  Phila.,  1844,  12mo.  6.  Re- 
port on  Standards  of  Weights  and  Measures  for  the  State  of 
Maryland,  1846,  Svo,  pp.  iv.,213.  7.  Universal  Dictionary 
of  Weights  and  Measures,  Ancient  and  Modern,  Bait.,  1S50, 
r.  Svo,  pp.  viii.,  158.  8.  Catena  Dominica,  Phila.,  12mo.  9. 
Reports  on  the  New  Map  of  Maryland ;  annual  from  1838 
to  1840. — Annapidis  Public  Printer.  Various  papers,  to  bo 
found  in  thoscientificjournalsof  America,  England,  France, 
and  Germany. 

Alexander,  Joseph  Addison,  D.D.,  b.  1809,  Phila- 
delphia, third  son  of  Dr.  Archibald  Alexander,  (y.  t'.,)  grad. 
at  Coll.  of  N.J.,  Princeton,  1826 ;  was  appointed  Adjunct 
Prof,  of  Ancient  Languages  and  Literature  in  his  alma 
mater,  1830,  which  office  he  resigned  in  1833  ;  elected  Prof, 
of  Biblical  Criticism  and  Ecclesiastical  History  1838,  and 
in  1852  he  was  transferred  to  the  Chair  of  Biblical  and 
Ecclesiastical  History.  1.  The  Earlier  Prophecies  of  Isaiah, 
N.  York,  1S46,  Svo.  2.  The  Later  Prophecies  of  Isaiah,  N. 
York,  1847,  Svo.  The  two  reprinted  in  1  vol.,  968  pp.,  by 
Collins,  of  Glasgow,  with  an  Introduction  by  the  Rev.  John 
Eadie,  LL.D.,  Prof,  of  Biblical  Literature  to  the  United 
Presl-yterian  Church. 

"  Truly  such  a  theologian  as  Professor  Alexander  is  a  credit  to 
his  country  and  a  blessing  to  the  age.  His  introduction  alone  to 
his  commentary  on  Isaiah  is  a  contribution  of  surpassing  value. 
It  evinces  a  vast  range  of  acquaintance  with  the  early  and  modern 
schools  of  interpretation."— i'linijflicjt;  Mag. 

"  We  reckon  it  among  the  best  commentaries  on  Isaiah  of  aoT 
age  or  language." — Dr.  Eadie. 

3.  The  Psalms  Translated  and  Explained,  3  vols.  12mo, 
N.  York,  1850.  Of  this  work  10,000  volumes  were  sold  In 
less  than  four  years. 

"  Dr.  Alexander's  recentlj'-puhlished  work  on  the  P.salms  is  well 
known  in  the  literary  world.  It  is  a  splendid  exegetical  work,  and 
places  Its  author  at  once  in  the  highest  rank  of  this  department  of 
literature-  — Knickcrlxjcker. 

4.  Isaiah  Translated  and  Explained,  [An  abridgment  of 
Nos.  1  and  2,]  2  vols.  12mo,  N.  York,  1851. 

5.  Essays  on  the  Primitive  Church  Offices,  [reprinted 
from  the  Princeton  Review,]  N.  York,  1851. 

Dr.  A.,  in  connexion  with  Dr.  Hodge,  is  preparing  a 
Commentary  on  the  New  Testament,  several  vols,  of  which 
have  been  published. 

Alexander,  L.     Jewish  Poor  in  London,  Ac,  1802. 

Alexander  te  Partiger,  an  English  ecclesiastic  of 
the  tliirtecnth  century.   Sec  Tanner  for  a  list  of  his  works. 

Alexander  Neekam.    See  Neck.iji. 

Alexander,  Stephen,  LL.D.,b.  1S06,  at  Schenectady, 
N.\.,  grad.  at  Union  Coll.  1824,  and  matriculated  at  the 
Theol.  Sem.  at  Princeton,  1832;  was  elected  Adjunct  Prof, 
of  Mathematics  in  the  same  institution,  1834,  which  position 
he  filled  until  1840,  when  the  Professorship  of  Astronomy 
was  created  and  assigned  to  him.  In  1845,  he  succeeded 
to  the  Chair  of  Mathematics,  which  he  exchanged,  in  1S54 
for  the  Professorship  of  Mechanics  and  Astronomy.  He 
occupies  a  deservedly  high  position  as  an  astronomer 
Among  his  papers  which  .attracted  the  most  attention  is 
one  on  the  Physical  Phenomena  attendant  upon  Solar 
Eclipses,  read  before  the  Amer.  Phil.  Soc  at  their  centen- 
nary  meeting,  1843,  and  pub.  in  their  proceedings.  Funda^ 
mental  Principles  of  Malhcinatics,  in  Amer.  Jour.  Sci 
1S49.  On  the  Origin  of  the  Forms  and  the  Present  Con- 
dition of  some  of  the  Clusters  of  Stars  and  several  of  the 
'Nebulip,  pub.  Amer.  Ast.  Jour.  This  valuable  paper  has 
attracted  the  notice  of  the  leading  astronomers  of  the  world 
He  has  contributed  other  important  papers  to  many  of  the 
principal  sciciitilic  j(.urnals.  See  Appleton's  New  Amer.  Cyc 
Alexander,  Thomas  S.  I'ractice  of  the  Court  of 
Chancery  and  County  Courts  as  Courts  of  Eiiuity,  in  Marv- 
land.  Bait..  Svo.  1S:(9. 

Alexander,  W.  L.    1.  The  Connection  and  Harmony 
of  tlie  Old  and  New  Testaments,   Lon.,  1S41.      2    High 
Catholicism  not  Ajiostolical,  Edin.,  1843.     3.  Switzerland 
and  the  Swiss  Churches,  Gla.sg.,  1S46.     4.  Life  and  Corre 
spondenco  of  Dr.  Wardlaw;  2d  ed.,  p.  Svo. 
Alexander,  >Vm.    Medulla  Historia  Scotia?,  Ac 
Alexander,>Vm.,draltsmiin  to  Earl  Macartney  during 


ALlf 


ALF 


the  embassy  to  China,  afterwards  in  the  print-department 

of  the  Brit.  Museum.  3.  Sketches  from  Nature  madu  in  China, 

Lon.,  iri'T.    4.  The  Costume  of  China,  pul).  in  numbers. 

Alexander,  Win.  Hist.  Cat.  II.  Seripture.'^,  Lon.,  1815. 

Alexander,  Wm.    Conduct  of  Maj.-Gen.  Shirley,  &c. 

Alexander,  \V.,  "of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania." 

Poetical  Works,  including  Christiau   Dramas,  and  Minor 

Poems,  with  Dissertation  on  Poetry,  and  a  tSkctch  of  his 

Life,  Phila..  IS47. 

"  We  are  rather  inclined  to  think  that  Jlr.  Alexander  has  alto- 
getber  misUik(.-u  his  voi-atioD.  A  scholarly  appit-tiation  of  what  is 
beautiful  in  literature,  with  earnest  religious  tft-linj^s,  is  not  enough 
to  make  a  po<-t." — Literary  World. 

Alexander,  VVm.,  M.D.     Short  Survey  of  the  Lineal 
Descent  of  the  Sov.  Princes  of  Europe,  Edinburgh,  1703. 
Alexander,  VVm.,  M.D.    Medical  works,  &c.,  Edin. 
and  Lond.,  17fi7-79. 

Alexander,  Wm.,  Earl  of  Stirling,  1580-1640, 
commenced  to  be  an  author  at  the  early  age  of  fourteen. 
He  was  born  at  Menstrie,  Scotland,  and  was  a  descendant 
of  the  family  of  Macdonald.  James  I.  and  Charles  I.  were 
both  much  attached  to  him.  The  first  gave  him  a  grant  of 
Nova  Scotia  in  1621,  which  charter  has  since  been  the 
cause  of  considerable  discussion.  In  his  Aurora  he  pre- 
sented the  public  with  more  thiin  a  hundred  sonnets,  songs, 
and  elegies,  as  a  poetical  display  of  an  ill-requited  pas- 
sion, which  distance  from  the  object  of  his  attachment 
could  not  remove. 

"  Ue  was  greatly  superior  to  the  stylo  of  his  n^*-." — Horace 
Walpole. 

"The  Parienesis  of  Sir  Will  Lam  Alexander  is  a  noble  poem." — 

PiNKEETON. 

After  perusing  our  author's  poems,  Addison  remarked 
that 

'■The  beauties  in  our  ancient  English  poets  are  too  slightly 
passed  over  by  modtrn  writers,  who,  out  of  a  peculiar  singularity, 
had  rather  take  pains  to  find  lauJt  than  endeavour  to  excel." 

Among  his  other  works  are  lour  tragedies  in  alternate 
rhyme,  denominated  Monarchicke,  viz.:  Darius,  published 
1603;  Croesus,  1604;  The  Alexandrian  Tragedy,  and  Ju- 
lius Ctesar,  1607. 

*' These  pieces  are  not  calculated  for  the  sta^e;  but  include 
some  admirable  lessons  for  sovereign  power,  and  several  cborusus 
written  with  no  small  share  of  poetic  vigour." — Dr.  Drake. 

''  My  philosophical  poet." — James  I. 

"  His  Panenesis  and  Aurora  are  almost  classical  performances, 
and  well  merit  republication.'" — Db.  Anderson. 

"John  Dunbar,  Arthur  Johnston,  and  Andrew  Ramsay,  have 
lauded  the  Earl  of  Stirling  in  their  Latin  poetry.  Daniel  has  com- 
plimented him  before  the  edition  of  bis  Philotas  in  1 1'lOS ;  Davies  of 
Hereford  has  done  the  same  in  liis  Seourge  of  Folly  and  Wit's  Bed- 
lam; Haj-man  addressed  two  jihiudits  to  him  in  his  tiuodlibets; 
Habington  commended  bis  Tra;_'ick  P.aptures  and  Uonmes-Day  in 
Castara;  Drayton  gave  bim  atTectionate  praise  in  his  epistle  to 
Henry  Reynolds,  Esq. — Park's  M'llj^ok's  A'.  &  A^.  Authors. 

Aleyn,  Charles,  died  about  1640,  was  a  poet  of  con- 
siderable reputation.  1.  The  Battle  of  Cressevand  Poic- 
tiers,  1632.  2.  The  History  of  Henry  VII.,'  Ac,  1038. 
3.  The  History  of  Euriolua'^d  Lucretia,  1639,  translated 
from  jEneas  Sylvius.  Dr.  Thomas  AVykes  s:iys  he  had 
read  over  the  "  Historic  of  Heurie,"  and  ''judges  it  worthy 
of  being  made  public." 

"  For  I  was  certain  that  this  book  by  thee 
Was  dedicated  to  eternity.'' 

Aleyn,  J.  Keports  Select  Cases  in  Banco  Re!;is,1681-8S. 

Alford,  Rev.  Henry,  B.D.,  b.  1810,  London,  Vicar  of 
Wyme-swold,  Leicestershire,  grad.  at  Trinity  Coll.,  Cam- 
bridge. Poems  and  Poetical  Fragments,  Camb.,  1831.  The 
School  of  the  Heart,  and  other  Poems,  2  vols.,  1835.  Abbot 
of  Muchelnaye,  and  other  Poems,  12mo.  Chapters  on  the 
Poets  of  Ancient  Greece,  8vo,  1841.  The  Consistency  of  the 
Divine.  Conduct  in  Revealing  the  Doctrines  of  Redemption  : 
being  the  Hulscan  Lectures  for  1841.  To  which  are  added 
two  Sermons  preached  before  the  University  of  Cambridge, 
Camb.,  1842.  Part  the  Second,  1843.  Psalms  and  Hymns 
adapted  to  the  Sundays  and  Ilolydays  throughout  the  Year, 
to  which  are  added  some  occasional  hymns,  Lon.,  1844. 
Poetical  Works,  2  vols.  12mo.  Select  Poetical  Works,  12mo; 
Bost.,  1853, 12mo,  pp.  424.  Serms.,  8vo.  Serms.  at  Quebec 
Chapel,  2  vols.  8vo.  Village  Serms..  12mo.  Greek  Testa- 
ment, with  Notes,  Ac:  vol.  i.,  1844:  vol.  ii.,  1852;  vols, 
iii.  and  iv.,  1856,  '57.    See  Memoirs  by  his  son,  Svo,  18.55. 

Alford,  J.,  Trans,  of  a  work  upon  the  Lute,  Lou.,  1568. 

Alford,  Joseph.  The  Church  Triumphant.  Lon.,  1649. 

Alford,  or  Griffith,  illichael,  1587-1652,  born  at 
London.  Britannia  Illustrata,  1041.  Fides  Re;,n'a  Bri- 
Umnica,  sive  Annales  Ecclcsia  BriUrnniea,  &c.,  1063. 

"  A  work  of  no  veiy  ordinary  occurrence,  and,  at  the  same  time, 
of  very  considerable  utility ;  as  treating  fully  of  the  church  his- 
tory of  this  countrj-  from  the  earliest  period  to  the  rei^n  of  Henry 

11." — D13DIN. 


Alfred  the  Great,  848-901,  the  youngest  child  of 
Ethehvolf  and  Osburgha,  was  born  in  the  royal  manor  of 
Wauta^'c  in  Berkshire,  where  the  kings  of  the  West-Sax- 
ons had  a  palace,  supposed  to  have  been  built  on  the  site 
of  a  Roman  station.  History  has  preserved  several  anec- 
dotes of  the  childhood  and  youth  of  this  great  prince. 
He  was  distinguished  above  all  his  brothers  by  his  beauty, 
graceful  manners,  and  early  display  of  talent,  and  was  on 
that  account  the  favourite  of  his  parents.  Alfred's  efforts 
for  the  restoration  of  literature  in  England  were  great, 
and  to  a  certain  degree  successful.  The  following  works 
were  either  written  by  him  or  have  been  attributed  to  him : 

1.  In  order  to  make  his  subjects  more  generally  ac- 
quainted with  ancient  history,  Alfred  translated  intoEng- 
lish  the  historical  work  of  Orosius.  A  manuscript  of  this 
translation  is  in  the  Cottonian  Library,  Tiberius,  B.  1, 
from  which  it  was  printed  by  Daines  Barrington.  Ano- 
ther copy  is  now,  with  the  other  manuscripts  belonging  to 
the  Lauderdale  Library,  in  the  possession  of  Lady  Dysart. 

2.  The  Anglo-Saxon  version  of  Bede's  History  of  the 
Anglo-Saxon  Church  has  also  been  generally  attributed  to 
Alfred.  Manuscripts  of  this  work  are  in  the  Public  Li- 
brary of  the  University  of  Cambridge,  and  in  C(»rpu3 
Christ!  College.  Cambridge.  No.  41,  the  latter  of  which 
belonged  to  Leofric,  Bishop  of  Exeter.  The  other  manu- 
script (MS.  Cotton.  Otho,  B.  xi.)  was  destroyed  by  the 
fire  in  the  Cottonian  Library.  This  book  also  has  been 
printed. 

3.  Alfred  tr.inslated  for  the  more  especial  use  of  his 
clergy  the  Pastorale  of  Pope  Gregory,  and  is  said  to  have 
sent  a  coj.y  of  it  to  each  of  his  bishops,  whose  names 
were  severally  inserted  in  the  translator's  preface.  Three 
of  the  original  copies  thus  sent  are  still  preserved,  ad- 
dressed to  Wulfsige.  Bishop  of  Sherborne,  (in  the  Public 
Library,  Cambridge.)  to  Wa-rferth,  Bishop  of  Worcester, 
(in  the  Bodleian  Library,  MS.  Hattun,  No.  88,)  and  to 
Plegmund  of  Canterbury.  (MS.  Cotton,  Tiberius,  B.  xi.) 
The  latter  is  very  much  injured  by  the  hre.  The  Cam- 
bridge MS.,  which  had  been  preserved  in  the  cathedral  of 
Wells,  and  was  sent  by  Bishop  Jewel  to  Archbishop  Par- 
ker, is  as  clean  and  fresh  in  appearance  as  when  it  came 
from  the  hands  of  Alfred's  scribe,  and  is  a  noble  specimen 
of  Anglo-Saxon  writing.  The  Cottonian  MS.  Otho,  B.  ii., 
now  destroyed  by  the  fire,  contained  a  copy  from  the  one 
sent  by  the  king  to  Hehstan.  Bishop  of  London,  appa- 
rently of  the  luth  or  beginning  of  the  11th  century.  There 
is  also  a  .'Somewhat  later  transcript  of  M'ulfsige's  copy  of 
the  Pastorale  in  the  library  of  Trinity  College,  Cam- 
brirlge.  ami  another  manuscript  of  the  book  in  the  library 
(d'  Corpus  Christi  College,  No.  12.  This  work  has  not 
been  printed.  The  Dialogues  of  Pope  Gregory  were 
translated  by  Waerferth,  Bishop  of  Worcester,  under  Al- 
fred's direction. 

4.  Another  work  of  the  king's,  which  is  still  preserved, 
is  a  select  translation  of  the  Soliloquies  of  St.  Augustine. 
A  copy  of  it  is  in  MS.  Cotton.  Vitellius,  A.  xv.,  but  it  has 
not  been  printed. 

5.  One  of  the  most  interesting  of  Alfred's  translations 
is  that  of  the  treatise  of  Boethius  De  Consolatione  Philo- 
sophise, a  work  exceedingly  popular  during  the  Middle 
Ages.  It  is  more  freely  translated  than  his  other  books, 
and  exhibits,  more  than  any  of  them,  the  philosophical 
turn  of  Alfred's  mind.  The  original  is  said  to  have  been 
glossed  for  the  king  by  Asser.  to  render  it  more  easily  in- 
telligible. A  manuscript  of  this  work,  written  in  the 
common  hand  of  the  10th  century,  Otho,  A.  vi..  has  been 
so  much  injured  by  fire  that  it  consists  only  of  a  few 
ragged  leaves.  A  transcript  of  it  is  preserved  among  the 
manuscripts  of  Junius  in  the  Bodleian  Library.  Another, 
written  towards  the  beginning  of  the  12th  century,  is  in 
the  Bodleian  Library.     It  has  been  twice  printed. 

6.  Alfred's  Manual,  or  Hand-book,  (as  he  called  it,)  ex- 
isted in  the  time  of  William  of  Malmsbury.  Asser  says 
that  it  was  about  the  size  of  a  Psalter,  and  that  Alfred 
entered  in  it  prayers  and  psalms,  and  his  daily  observa- 
tions, and  that  he  always  carried  it  about  with  him.  It 
appears,  from  William  of  Malmsbury,  that  italso  contained 
historical  anecdotes  and  miscellaneous  entries. 

7.  William  of  Malmsbury  informs  us  that  the  king,  at 
the  time  of  his  death,  had  commenced  an  Anglo-Saxon 
version  of  the  Psalms,  which  he  left  unfinished;  some 
have  pretended  that  Alfred  translated  other  parts  of  the 
Bible. 

8.  Most  writers  who  have  given  lists  of  Alfred's  works 
include  among  them  what  they  call  Alfred's  Proverbs. 
This  work,  which  has  been  recently  printed,  is  preserved 
in  two  manuscripts,  in  MS.  Trin.  Coll.,  Cambridge,  B.  xiv. 


ALP 


ALF 


xxxix.,  and  in  MS.  Cul.  Jes.,  Oxford,  i.  xxis.  ;  a  third, 
MS.  Cuttou.  Gallia,  A.  xix.,  perished  in  the  fire.  They 
are  of  the  beginning  of  the  13th  century.  It  is  a  collec- 
tion of  moral  instructions  in  verse,  conveyed  in  popular 
proverbs,  supposed  to  be  addressed  by  him  to  his  people 
and  to  his  sou,  but  it  has  no  claim  to  be  ranked  among 
his  works.  This  tract  must  have  been  in  existence  early 
in  the  12th  century,  for  it  is  mentioned  by  Ailred  of 
Kievaux. 

9.  The  translation  of  Esop's  Fables  attributed  to  King 
Alfred  was  probably  not  more  genuine.  Our  knowledge 
of  this  book  is  derived  from  the  Epilogue  to  the  fables  of 
the  Anglo-Norman  poetess  Marie,  who  says  that  she 
translated  them  from  Alfred's  English  version : 

*'  Esope  apelum  cest  livre, 
Qu  "il  trauslata  e  fist  esrru*e; 
De  Griu  en  Latin  le  turna. 
Li  reis  Alvrez,  que  mei-t  I'ama, 
Le  translata  puis  en  Engleis; 
Kt  jeo  I'ai  rimee  en  Franceis,  et^." 

MS.  Harl.,  No.  978,  fol.  87,  vo. 

Some  of  the  manuscripts  of  these  fables  give  a  different 
reading  of  the  name,  but  that  uf  Alfred  is  the  best  sup- 
ported. His  name  long  continued  to  be  popular,  and  was 
probably  affixed  in  different  ways  to  many  such  works  as 
the  two  last  mentioned.  The  introductiou  to  a  Latin  ver- 
sion of  Esop,  preserved  in  a  manuscript  in  the  British 
Museum,  also  mentions  Alfred's  English  translation,  in  a 
manner  which  can  leave  little  doubt  of  the  existence  of 
such  a  book  bearing  that  monarch's  name. 

The  old  bibliographers,  such  as  Bale  and  Leland,  enu- 
merate other  works  under  the  name  of  Alfred,  fur  which 
there  is  no  authority.  We  think  also  that  it  is  not  neces- 
sary to  place  among  the  king's  literary  jiroductions  his 
enactments,  which  are  printed  in  all  the  editions  of  the 
Anglo-Saxon  laws. 

His  translations  are  executed  with  much  spirit.  As  he  tells 
us  himself,  he  "  sometimes  interprets  word  for  word,  and 
sometimes  meaning  for  meaning  ;"  and  ho  not  unfrequently 
inserted  passages  of  his  own.  The  most  interesting  of  his 
works  in  respect  to  this  latter  point  are,  his  version  of 
Boethius,  containing  several  very  remarkable  additions, 
and  his  Orosius,  in  the  geographical  part  of  which  he  has 
given  the  valuable  narratives  of  two  northern  navigators, 
Ohtere  and  Wulfstan,  whom  he  had  personally  examined. 
In  point  of  style.  Alfred's  translations  may  bo  considered 
as  the  purest  specimens  we  possess  of  Anglo-Saxon  prose. 

Former  biographers  have  been  induced  to  give  him  the 
fame  of  being  a  poet  as  well  as  a  prose  writer;  this  is  ow- 
ing to  Asser's  account  of  the  love  which  the  king  showed 
always  to  his  native  poetry,  and  of  the  metrical  version 
of  the  Metres  of  Boethius,  attributed  to  him.  We  have 
already  stated  it  as  our  opinion  that  these  metres  were  not 
the  work  of  Alfred ;  they  were  probably  composed  by 
some  obscure  writer  of  the  10th  century,  who  imagined 
that  Alfred's  version  of  Boethius  was  imperfect  so  long  as 
the  metres  were  only  given  in  prose.  If  Alfred  had 
written  verse,  it  would  certainly  have  possessed  some  of 
the  higher  characteristics  which  distinguish  that  class  of 
compositions  in  the  Anglo-Saxon  language ;  and  we  can- 
not believe  that  he  would  have  submitted  to  the  puerile 
occupation  of  arranging  his  own  words  in  alliterative 
couplets. 

He  died  on  the  28th  of  October,  901.  His  children,  and 
even  his  grand-children,  inherited  from  him  the  same  great- 
ness of  mind,  and  love  of  science  and  literature,  which 
were  so  conspicuous  in  his  own  character.  His  name  con- 
tinued to  be  cherished  among  his  countrymen  till  the  ex- 
tinction of  Anglo-Saxon  independence,  aud  it  was  without 
doubt  the  subject  of  numerous  traditionary  stories  and 
anecdotes.  Even  in  the  12th  and  KUli  centuries  his  memory 
wati  kept  alive  as  the  burden  of  popular  songs,  anil  by 
productions  similar  to  the  fables  and  proverbs  already 
mentioned. 

KniTioNS  OF  King  Alfred's  Works.— The  preface  to  the  Pash> 
ral«  was  printed  with  Asser's  Life,  by  Matthew  I'arkor.  fol.,  Lond., 
1574;  it  was  reprintt'd  at  Leyden,  in  1597.  jvir  Hon.  Vulcanium 
Brugcnsem,  in  a  scarce,  anonymous  work,  cut itlcil  l).:"  Liteiis  ot 
Lingua  Getarum.  sive  Gothorum :  it  was  apaiu  printed  by  Camden, 
in  his  Anglica  Normauica,  &c.  Scripta,  fol.  Francof.,  1003;  aud 
afterwards  by  Wise,  \\\  his  edition  of  Asser.  8vo,  Oxou.,  1722. 

Ilietoriie  Ectlesiastii-jt-  Gentis  Anglorum  labii  V.  a  Venerabili 
Beda  Presbytero  s.'ri].li.  VA\h  A  hy  Wheloc,  fob,  Cantabr.,  1043. 
Alfred's  Anglo-Saxon  \']^iMit  i,i  lirde. 

An.  Maul.  Sever.  H'.,.tliii  tMn.c.lationis  Pbilosophiie  Libri  T. 
Anglo-Saxonice  redditi  ali  Alfivdo,  in.-lyto  Anglo-Saxonum  Hegl. 
Ad  apographum  Junianuin.  expresses  edidit  Chri.stophorus  llaw- 
linson,  e  Collegio  Reginoe,  8vo,  Oxon.,  Ifi98. 

Histflrine  Ecclesiastical  Gentis  Ani^Inrum.  Ac.     Auctore  Baeda. 
Edited  by  Smith,  fob,  Cautjibr.,  1722.  pp.  471-t>4y.    Anglo-Saxon 
version  of  Bede. 
50 


The  Anglo-Saxon  version,  from  the  historian  Orosius,  by  .ffUlVed 
the  Oreat,  together  with  an  English  Translation  from  the  Anglo- 
Saxon.  Svo.  London.  1773.     By  Daines  Barrington. 

The  Will  of  King  Alfred.  Oxford:  at  the  Clarendon  Press, 
1788,  4to. 

The  Will  of  King  Alfred,  reprinted  fiom  the  Oxford  ed.  of  1788; 
with  a  preface  and  additional  notes  by  Tlinmas  Astle,  8vo.l828. 

King  Alfred's  Anglo-Saxon  version  of  Bwthius  deConsolatione 
Philosophiie,  with  an  English  TransUition,  and  notes.  By  J.  S. 
Cardah'.  8vo.  London.  1S29. 

King  Alfred's  Anglo-Saxon  version  of  the  Metres  of  Boethius, 
with  an  English  Translation,  and  Notes.  By  the  Rev.  Samuel  Fox, 
Svo,  London,  18:15. 

Reli'iui:!'  Antiqua?.  Edited  by  Thomas  Wright  and  James 
Orchard  llalliwell.  toI.  i.  Sto,  London.  1S41,  pp.  170-1S8.  The  Pro- 
verbs of  King  Alfred. — Ablrre.viated  frcrni  WrighVs  Biog.  Brit.  Lit. 

Alfred  of  Beverly,  born  about  llOO,  derives  his 
chief  importance  from  the  dispute  which  has  arisen  whether 
he  preceded  or  came  after  Geoffrey  of  Monmouth.  Histo- 
rians and  bibliographers  have  all  fixed  at  too  early  a  date 
the  period  when  Alfred  of  Beverly  compiled  his  history. 
All  that  we  know  of  his  life  is  derived  from  his  own  writ- 
ings. While  occupied  with  his  historical  researches,  it 
appears  that  the  history  of  Geoffrey  of  Monmouth  was 
published,  aud  began  to  create  a  great  sensation.  Alfred 
hearing  people  talk  of  British  kings  of  whom  he  was  en- 
tirely ignorant,  and  ashamed  to  be  obliged  continually  to 
confess  that  he  knew  nothing  about  them,  became  anxious 
to  obtain  a  sight  of  the  new  history,  and  with  much  diffi- 
culty succeeded.  He  perused  it  with  avidity,  and.  charmed 
with  the  novelty  of  its  contents,  he  would  have  made  a 
transcript  of  it  for  himself  if  he  had  been  allowed  suffi- 
cient time,  and  had  possessed  money  enough  to  buy  the 
materials  at  once:  but  this  not  being  the  case,  he  deter- 
mined to  make  an  abridgment  of  it.  Alfred  informs  us 
that,  having  abridged  the  history  of  the  Britons,  he  de- 
termined to  abridge  other  historians,  so  as  to  continue  bis 
boi'k  through  the  Saxon  and  Norman  times.  "We  trace,  as 
having  gone  through  this  procet^s,  among  others.  Bede, 
Floreiwe  of  Worcester,  and  the  Northern  writer  Simeon 
of  Durham,  which  historian  appears  to  have  been  the  last 
he  used,  for  Alfred's  history  closes  in  the  same  year  with 
that  of  Simeon,  A.D.  1129,  the  29th  year  of  Henry  I.  His 
historical  notices  are  extremely  brief,  and  his  style  is  that 
of  the  ordinary  writers  of  his  age.  Bale  has  increased  the 
number  of  works  attributed  to  Alfred  of  Beverly,  by  mak- 
ing three  different  titles  out  of  his  one  known  historical 
epitome.  He  is  said  to  have  written  a  life  of  John  of 
Beverly  :  but  we  know  with  more  certainty  that  he  was  the 
author  of  a  work  on  the  rights  and  privileges  of  his  church, 
which  he  is  said  in  the  title  to  have  translated  from  Eng- 
lish into  Latin,  and  which  was  preserved  in  the  Cottonian 
Library,  but  the  volume  containing  it  unfortunately  pe- 
rished in  the  fire.  Edition,  Alurcdi  Beverlacensis  Annales, 
sive  Historia  de  Gcstis  Regum  Britannia?,  Libris  ix.,  e  co- 
dice  pervetusto.  .  .  .  Descripsit  ediditque  Tho.  Hearnius, 
Oxon.,  1716.  Svo. — Ahhrev.from  Wri.jht's  Biog.  Brit.  Lit. 

Alfred,  {flourished  1170.)  who  by  some  writers  is 
named  the  Philosopher,  is  enumerated  by  Roger  Bacon 
among  those  who  had  transluted  the  Arabian  books  of 
science  into  Latin.  Pits,  partly  on  the  authority  of  Boston 
of  Bury,  tells  us  that  he  wandered  in  search  of  learning 
through  France  and  Italy,  and  that  at  Rome  he  was  re- 
ceived into  the  family  of  Cardinal  Oltobini,  who  made  him 
hi.s  chaplain,  and  brought  him  to  England,  when  he  was 
sent  as  legate  by  Pope  Urban  IV.  to  make  peace  between 
Henry  II T.  and  his  barons.  This  however  cannot  be  cor- 
rect, for  one  of  Alfred's  principal  works,  the  translation 
(from  the  Arabic)  of  Aristotle's  treatise,  De  Vegetabilibus 
et  Plantis,  is  dedicated  to  Roger  of  Hereford,  whose  con- 
temporary ho  must  have  been.  In  the  manuscripts  of  thi« 
book,  preserved  in  the  Bibliothcrpie  Royale  at  Paris,  the 
author  is  sometimes  named  sinijdy  Magister  Alfredus,  and 
at  others  Alfredus  de  Sarchel.  M.  Jourdain  states  reasons 
for  believing  that  this  work  was  translated  in  Spain.  Pits 
mentions  the  titles  of  several  other  books  attributed  to 
him.  most  of  which  are  still  extant:  they  are,  1.  De  Musica, 
of  which  he  gives  as  the  first  words,  Licet  mihi  inter  medi- 
tandum.  2.  In  Boethium  de  Consolatione  Philosophije,  in 
five  books,  not  now  known  to  exist.  3.  In  Meteora  Aristo- 
telis.  This  is  preserved  in  a  manuscript  in  the  Royal 
Library  at  Paris,  where  the  author's  name  is  corruptly 
spelt  Alphiolu.«j.  4.  De  Rorum  Natura.  M.  Jourdain  be- 
lieves this  to  be  the  treatise  De  Causis  Elcmentorum,  which 
is  found  in  most  of  the  manuscripts  joined  to  the  transla- 
tion of  Aristotle  Do  Vegetabilibus.  and  clearly  resembles 
it  in  style.  5.  De  Motu  Cordis.  M.  Jourdain  thinks  this 
may  be  tho  same  as  a  short  treatise,  evidently  translated 
from  tho  Arabic,  whicb  is  found  umler  the  same  title  in  a 
MS.  in  the  Royal  Library  at  Paris,  MS.  Lat.  No.  6443. 


AI/F 


ALI 


6.  Leland  mentions  a  treatise  by  this  writer,  (or  some  per- 
sim  of  the  same  name,)  De  Educatione  Accipitrum.  Per- 
haps the  Aluredus  Angllcus,  mentioned  by  Boston  of  Bury 
as  Cardinal  Ottoboni's  chaphiin,  and  as  tije  author  of  the 
treatitie  on  music,  and  the  Commentary  on  Boethius,  was  a 
different  person  from  the  philosopher. — Abbreviated  from 
Wri.jht'H  Bioy.  Brit.  Lit. 

Alfric,  or  Alfred  of  jiralmsbury,  flourished  in  990. 
William  of  Malmsimry  tolls  us  that  he  was  a  learned  man. 
The  old  !tibli<»^i!JpliL-rs  attribute  to  this  writer  a  scientific 
ticatise  Dc  Natui  is  Rerum,  and  a  history  of  liis  abbey,  De 
Rebus  sui  *_'ii:-U(ibii.  Xo  such  works,  however,  are  now 
knowu  to  exist.  William  of  Malmsbury  has  wrongly  at- 
tributed to  this  Alfric  the  writings  of  Alfred  of  Canter- 
bury.— Abbreri'tttd from    Wright's  Biofj.   lirit.  Lit. 

Alfric  of  Canterbury,  died  1006.  No  Anglo-Saxon 
writer  has  oxcittd  sd  much  interest  in  modern  times  by  his 
works  as  Alfric  the  Grammarian,  as  he  has  been  generally 
named,  from  his  grammar;  and  yet  there  are  few  whose 
personal  history  Is  involved  in  so  much  confusion  and  un- 
certainty. This  arises,  in  part,  from  the  name  having  been 
extremely  common  among  the  Auglo-Sax<ms.  and  from 
the  difficulty  of  identifying  the  author  of  the  different 
books  which  bear  this  name  by  internal  evidence.  Leland 
separated  one  Alfric  into  three,  and  Bale  gave  each  of 
these  three  a  distinct  chapter.  On  the  other  hand.  Usher 
joined  three  into  oue,  confounding  Alfric  of  Canterbury 
with  Alfric  of  York  and  Alfric  of  Malmsbury.  The  hig- 
turians  of  the  12th  and  l.'ith  centuries,  such  ns  WlUiam  of 
Malmsbury,  and  Matthew  Paris,  do  not  seem  to  have  es- 
caped from  the  same  confusion. 

Alfric  is  said  to  have  been  descended  from  a  noble  family, 
his  father  being  Ealderman  or  Earl  of  Kent.  When  young, 
his  education  was  intrusted  to  tmo  of  the  scouhir  prier-ts, 
who,  as  he  says,  could  with  difficulty  understand  Latin, 
ami  from  whose  misconduct  he  seems  to  have  derived  a 
contempt  for  the  whole  class  of  secular  clergy.  We  think 
it  probable  that  Alfric  remained  at  Winchester,  until  a.d. 
988  or  989,  when  he  was  sent  by  AH'heh,  then  Bishop  of 
Winchester,  to  regulate  or  govern  the  newly-established 
Abbey  of  Cerne,  in  Dorsetshire,  at  the  re(iuest  of  the  foun- 
der, Ealderman  Ethelmer.  The  next  event  in  the  life  of 
Alfric  is  his  promotion  to  the  Bishopric  of  Wilton.  We 
are  justified  in  believing  that  he  filled  this  I.iishupric  during 
a  very  brief  period  previous  to  the  death  of  Sigeric  of 
Canterbury,  in  995.  In  995,  Alfric  succeeded  Sigeric  as 
Archbishop  of  Canterbury :  and  it  is  remarkable  that  in 
the  instrument  of  his  electiim  he  is  called  simply  a  monk 
of  Abingdon.  All  we  know  uf  the  remainder  of  his  life 
is,  that  he  ruled  his  diocese  with  vigour  and  piety  during 
a  period  of  continual  sufl"erings  from  the  inroads  of  the 
l>anes.  Bridferth,  who  dedicated  to  him  his  life  of  Dun- 
stan,  speaks  of  the  wonderful  extent  of  his  learning.  Alfric 
died  on  the  16th  of  November,  1006. 

It  is  probable  that  the  greater  part  of  Alfric's  numerous 
writings  are  still  extant.  They  consist  chiefly  of  transla- 
tions, and  may  be  conveniently  divided  into  three  classes  : 
those  intended  for  the  instruction  of  youth,  theological 
works  written  after  his  mission  to  the  Abbey  of  Cerne,  and 
those  which  he  composed  after  his  elevation  to  the  Bishop- 
ric of  Wilton.  1.  The  Latin  Grammar,  which  is  a  trans- 
lation from  the  old  grammars  of  Donatus  and  Priscian, 
and  from  which  Alfric  has  derived  his  title  of  Grammati- 
eus.  Several  manuscripts  of  his  grammar  are  preserved, 
aud  it  was  printed  by  Somner  in  the  17th  century.  The 
second,  or  Anglo-Saxon,  preface  alludes  to  his  homilies, 
and  therefore  must  have  been  written  after  he  left  Win- 
chester. 2.  Tlie  Glossary  of  Latin  words  most  commonly 
used  in  conversation,  (for  which  purpose  it  was  intended,) 
which  is  generally  found  in  the  same  manuscripts  with  the 
Gramuiar,  was  also  published  by  Somner.  ?>.  The  Collo- 
quium, or  conversation  in  Latin,  with  an  interlinear  Saxon 
gloss,  intended  to  further  the  same  object  as  the  Glossary, 
and  forming  a  second  book  to  it.  4.  We  ought  probably 
to  attribute  to  Alfric  the  Anglo-Saxon  Manual  of  Astrono- 
my, which  occurs  so  frequently  in  early  manuscripts.  It 
is  fuuud  in  a  large  manuscript  of  Alfric's  works  in  the 
Public  Library  of  the  University  of  Cambridge,  and  con- 
tains many  of  the  characteristics  of  Alfric's  writings,  par- 
ticularly his  expressions  of  contempt  for  the  "unlearned 
priests;"  recently  printed.  5.  A  collection  of  homilies, 
(the  greatest  of  all  Alfric's  works,)  amounting  iu  number 
to  eighty,  and  written,  as  he  acknowledges,  at  the  sugges- 
tion of  Ethelmer  and  Ethetward.  6.  After  this  collection 
was  i-omjileted,  Alfric,  at  the  request  of  Ethelward,  com- 
piled from  the  Latin  another  set  of  homilies,  commemo- 
rative of  the  diff"erent  sainta  revered  by  the  Anglo-Saxon 


church,  divided,  like  the  former,  into  two  books.  A  copy 
of  this  work  will  be  found  in  MS.  Cotton.  Julius,  E.  vii. 
7.  One  of  the  next  works  of  Alfric,  or  at  least  one  of  those 
completed  before  he  was  raised  to  a  bishopric,  was  the 
translation  of  the  Heptateuch.  8.  A  treatise  on  the  Old 
and  New  Testament,  addressed  to  Sigwarda?t  East- Ileolon, 
which  was  printed  with  a  translation  by  Lisle.  9.  A  treatise 
on  the  Trinity,  addressed  to  Wulfgeat  set  Yimandune, 
preserved  iu  manuscript  in  the  Bodleian  Library,  lu.  The 
abridgment  of  Ethelwold's  Constitutions,  for  the  monks  of 
Eynsham,  preserved  in  manuscript  at  Cambridge,  MS. 
Coop.  Chr.  Coll.,  No.  265.  11.  Perhaps  Alfric  was  the 
author  of  the  translation  of  the  life  of  Guthlac,  by  Felix 
of  Croyland,  preserved  in  MS.  Cotton.  Vespas.  D.  xxi. 
12.  An  Epistle  to  Sigferth,  on  the  marriage  of  the  clergy. 
While  Bishop  of  Wilton  he  probably  wrote.  13.  The  Sermo 
iElfrici  episcopi  ad  clerieos,  and  14.  The  Sermo  ad  Sacer- 
dotes,  both  preserved  in  MS.  Coop.  Chr.  Coll.,  Camh.,  No. 
265,  and  in  other  manuscripts.  The  latter  found  also  in 
MS.  Cotton.  Tiber.  A.  iii.,  is  addressed  to  Bishop  Wulfsine, 
and  is  also  known  as  Alfric's  Canons.  It  has  been  printed. 
These  are  in  Latin  and  in  Anglo-Saxon. — Abbrwintrd 
from   Wriuht'e  Bioa.  Brit.  Lit. 

Alfric  ItHta,  d.  1051.  He  informs  us  that  he  was  the 
disciple  of  the  elder  Alfric  (not  of  Ethelwold)  at  Winches- 
ter. He  is  known  principally  as  having  republished  and 
enlarged  some  of  the  books  of  scholastic  instruction  com- 
piled l»y  his  master,  more  particularly  the  Colloquium, 
printed  by  Mr.  Thorpe.  It  is  probable  that  he  also  repub- 
lished Alfric's  Grammar  and  Glossary,  for  they  are  joined 
with  the  Colloquium  in  the  manuscript  of  the  latter  pre- 
served at  Oxford;  and  in  the  copy  of  the  grammar  printed 
by  Somner  thcru  is  a  short  epistle  connecting  Alfric's  name 
with  th;tt  nf  King  Canute,  which  cannot  refer  to  Alfric  of 
Canterbury.  lie  is  supposed  to  be  the  author  of  the  Lite 
of  Ethelwold  J  also  of  one  of  the  homilies  (entitled  iu  some 
manuscripts  In  Natale  Unius  Coufessoris)  a  marginal 
note  to  which,  in  one  of  the  mauuscripcS,  states  that  it  was 
composed  at  the  desire  of  the  yctunger  Ethelwold,  Bishop 
of  Winchester,  who  is  said  to  have  succeeded  Cyuewulf  in 
1008. — Abbreviated  from    Wrifjhfs  liioff.  Brit.  Lit. 

Alfrid.  1.  Appeal  in  the  Case  of  M.  A.  Fitzhcrbert, 
1790.  2.  Letter? :  View  uf  the  P..lit.  State  of  Europe,  1793. 
Alger,  William  Rounseville,  b.  1823,  at  Free- 
town, Mass.  1.  Symbolic  History  of  the  Cross  of  Christ, 
18mo.  2.  Oriental  Poetry,  or  Metrical  Specimens  of  the 
Thought,  Sentiment,  and  Fancy  of  the  East;  with  an  His- 
torical Introduction,  12mo.  3.  History  of  the  Doctrine  of 
a  Future  Life  as  it  has  prevailed  in  all  Nations  and  Ages,  8vo. 
"  An  extraordinary  amount  of  solid  learning  and  deep  research, 
abounding  with  innumerable  beauties  of  thought." 

Ed.,  with  au  Introduction,  Studies  of  Christianity;  or, 

Timely  Thoughts  for  Religious  Thinkers,  by    Rev.  Jas, 

Martineau,  Bost.,  1858. 

Algernon.     The  Royal  Wanderer,  <tc. ;  a  Tale,  1815. 

Algood,  M.     Funl.  Serm.  on  Rev.  G.  Richbell,  1684. 

Aliugham.  Account  of  the  Nat.  and  Use  of  Maps,  1703. 

Alison,  Alexander,    1.  History  of  the  Future,  p.  8vo. 

2.  Second  Refurmation,  p.  8vo. 

Alison,Archibald,  1757-1 839,  sou  of  Andrew  Alison, 
of  Edinburgh,  was  matriculated  at  Baliol  College,  Oxford, 
in  1775.  He  was  senior  minister  of  the  Episcopal  Chapel, 
Cowgate,  Edinburgh.  In  1790  he  published  Esi-ays  on  the 
Nature  and  Principles  of  Tnstc,  which  work  has  attained 
a  wide  celebrity.  He  gave  to  the  world  a  number  of  ser- 
mons, 1809-15,  also  a  Memoir  of  the  Life  and  Writings  of 
Lord  Woodhouslee.     Trans.  Ed.  R.  Soc.  vii.  515,  1818. 

"  Mr.  Alison  maintains  that  all  beauty,  or,  at  kast,  that  all  the 
beauty  of  material  objects,  depends  upon  the  associatious  tliat  may 
have  connected  them  with  the  ordinary  affections  of  our  nature; 
and  in  this,  which  is  the  fundamenta.1  point  of  his  theory,  we  con- 
ceive him  to  be  no  less  clearly  rii;bt.  than  he  is  cnnvincini;  and 
judicious  in  the  copious  illustrations  I.iy  which  he  has  sought  to 
establish  its  truth." — Lord  JErFRET. 

Br.  Dibdin  extols  Mr.  Alison's  style  highly : 
'■The  beautiful  and  refined  fancy,  and  melodiou.s  style  of  this 
writer,  render  his  works  deserving  of  a  conspicuous  place  in  every 
well-chosen  libi-ary." 

"  An  excellent  and  highly-pleasing  work  on  taste." — Lowndes, 

Mr.  Alison's  sermons  have  been  greatly  commended : 
"  These  remind  us  more  of  the  beautiful  harang;ues  of  Fenelon, 
or  of  the  <'el.OMated  Orai^ons  Fun^bres  of  Bossuet.  than  of  any 
British  ^'ll•\vtll  ami  nianutactiue.  The  beauty  of  the  style  and 
imaL'.Tv  isahniist  suit- 1^.  attiait  the  attention  :  aud  the  mind  must 
be  dull  and  sullen  ind^-ed  that  offers  a  long  resistance  to  the  stronger 
charms  which  form  the  grand  characteristics  of  tlnse  ebujuent  dis- 
courses. .  .  .  We  can  haj-dly  help  envying  the  t:ilent  )<y  which 
Mr.  Alison  has  clothed  so  much  wisdom  in  so  nuuli  1  esiuty.  and 
made  us  find  in  the  same  work  the  hitrhest  gratifications  of  taste, 
and  the  noblfst  lessons  of  virtue." — Juiinbiirgh  lievicio. 

51 


ALI 


ALL 


Alison,  Sir  Archibald,  Bart..  D.C.L.,  eldest  son 
of  the  procerting,  was  b.  at  Kenley,  Sbrop.shire,  Dec.  29, 
1792,  at  which  place  his  father  was  then  vicar.  He  was 
educated  in  Edinburgh,  where  his  father  was  then  settled. 
Ho  studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1814,  and 
that  and  the  following  year  ho  travelled  on  the  Continent, 
and  pub.  his  Travels  in  France;  2d  ed.,  1816,  8vo.  He 
was  made  Sheritf  of  Lanarkshire  in  1S28;  Rector  of  Glas- 
gow Univ.,  1861 ;  created  a  baronet,  1852.  He  esta- 
blished a  high  reputation  by  his  Princi])lcs  of  the  Criminal 
Law,  Edin.,  18.32,  and  The  Practice  of  the  Criminal  Law, 
which  have  become  standard  authorities  with  the  Scottish 
bar.  His  History  of  Europe  from  the  Commencement  of 
the  French  Revolution  to  the  Restor.ation  of  the  Bour- 
bons, pub.  in  10  vols.  Svo.  18.j9^2,  established  his  reputa- 
tion in  Europe  and  America.  The  8th  Edinburgh  ed. — 
New  Library  Edition— was  pub.  1849-51,  14  vols.  Svo, 
£10  10«.;  in  r.  Svo,  £21.  9th  ed.,— People's  Edition, - 
1853-55.  12  vols.  p.  Svo.  and  Index  vol.,  £2  lis.  It  has 
-  been  reprinted  in  Paris,  Brussels,  America,  &c.,  and 
trans,  into  French,  ticrman,  llindostanee,  and  Arabic. 

Mr.  Alison  is  a  high  Tory  iu  politics,  evidences  of  which 
fact  will  be  found  in  his  Essays,  Political,  Historical,  Ac, 
(originally  pub.  in  Blackwood's  Mag..)  1850,  3  vols.  Svo. 
In  fsiO  he  pub.  Principles  of  Population,  2  vols.  Svo,  in 
which  he  comlials  the  theory  of  Malthus. 

"  Mr.  .Mis^.ii  t:ik'-^  .^  larger — perhaps  a  loftier— view  of  the  subject 
of  Populatii.n  than  all  others.  His  work  possesses  a  vast  fund  of 
matter  and  personal  observation ;  and  those  who  peruse  the  volumes 
will  have  tlicir  raiiuls  expanded  by  various  and  ciil.ivged  specula- 
tion and  instructed  by  the  new  light  in  which  existing  information 
is  placed." — Ltjn.  Spfdator. 

In  1847.  he  pulj.  a  treatise  on  Free  Trade  and  Fettered 
Currency,  Svo  ;  and  in  the  same  year.  The  Life  of  the  Duke 
of  Marlborough  ;  2d  ed,  1852,  Svo  ;  3d  ed.,  1855,  Svo.  In 
1852-57  he  pub.  vols,  i.-vi.  of  the  History  of  Europe  from 
1815-52.  Of  Sir  Archibald's  first  historical  work  (1789- 
1815)  we  h.ave  many  criticisms  before  us,  but  can  afford 
room  for  brief  extracts  from  two  or  three  only. 

"It  is,  upon  the  whole,  a  valuable  addition  to  European  litera- 
ture, evidently  compiled  with  the  utmost  care :  its  narration,  so 
far  as  we  can  judge,  is  not  perverted  by  the  slightest  partiality. 
Its  defects,  or  what  we  deem  such,  are  matters  partly  of  taste  and 
partly  of  political  opinion.  Its  merits  arc  minuteness  and  honesty, 
— qualities  which  may  well  excuse  a  faulty  stylo,  gross  political 
prejudices,  and  a  fondness  for  exaggerated  and  frothy  declama- 
tion. .  .  .  Whenever  we  have  been  led  to  compare  the  conflictmg 
accounts  of  any  important  event  in  Mr.  Alison's  history,  we  have 
almost  invariably  found  that  his  narrative  steers  judiciously  be- 
tween them  andcomhines  the  most  probable  and  consistent  par- 
ticulars contained  in  each.  Mr.  Alison's  general  style  is  not  a^ 
tractive.  It  is  not,  liowever,  at  least  in  the  narrative  part  of  it, 
either  feeble  or  displeasing.  Its  principal  defect  is  the  cumbrous 
and  unwieldy  construction  of  its  sentences,  which  frequently 
causes  them  to  appear  slovenly  and  obscure,  and  sometimes  ren- 
ders their  precise  meauing  doubtful." — Edin.  Rev.,  Ixxvi.  1. 

'■  No  work  could  have  made  such  progress  in  nation.al  opinion 
without  substantial  qualities.  Its  vigour  of  research  and  its  mauli- 
ness  of  principle,  its  accurate  knowledge  and  its  animation  of  style, 
have  been  the  grounds  of  its  remarkable  public  favour,  as  they  are 
the  guarantees  for  its  permanent  popularity." — Blackw.  Mag. 

"An  accomplished  civilian  of  our  own  has  lately  closed  with  an 
account  of  this  final  struggle  (battle  of  Waterloo)  a  volnminous 
history,  which  has.  we  kuow,  enjoyed  in  its  progress  a  very  high 
share  of  popularity,  .\greeing  as  we  do  with  many  of  Mr.  Alison's 
political  opinions,  and  approving  the  spirit  of  his  moral  reflections, 
we  have  no  disposition  to  question  the  gener.al  merits  of  a  work, 
Ac.  We  may  be  pardoned  for  remarking,  in  general,  that  a  writer 
of  Mr.  Alison's  particular  qualifications  would  liave  acted  wisely 
in  compressing  the  nnlitary  narratives  and  disquisitions  which 
abound  in  his  volumes,  and  in  abstaining  from  certain  conclu- 
sions which,  coming  from  him.  possess,  indeed,  no  other  authority 
than  that  which  his  mere  powers  of  language  can  invest  them, 
but  may  be  quoted  by  int'-rested  persons  for  their  own  purposes. — 
persons'  who  would  utiii-i  wise  pay  little  atteution  to  Mr.  Alison  or 
his  work." — Lmi.  Qixir.  h'er..  Ixx.  467. 

" The  History  of  Evuoi»c  during  the  French  Revolution  is  by  far  tlu; 
most  remarkable  historical  work  of  the  century," — For.  Qtiar.  Jie.v. 
Those  who  desire  to  pursue  the  subject  still  further  are 
referred  to  Lon.  Quar.  Rev.,  vols.  Ixx.,  Ixxii.,  Ixxiii.,  Ixxvi.; 
Edin.  Rev.,  Ixxvi. ;  Blackw.  Mag.,  xlii.,  xlvi.,  xlviii..  1., 
lii. ;  Westm.  Rev.,  xli.,  (by  W.  R."  Gregg  ;)  N.  Anier.  Rev., 
Ivi.,  (by  F.  Bowen;)  Dubl.  Univ.  Mag.,  viii.,  x..  xi..  xx. ; 
Amer.  Whig  Rev.,  i.  311,  (in  which  will  be  found  strictures 
on  his  Toryism :)  and  other  articles  in  varicms  iteriodieals. 
Sir  Archibald  Alison's  Life  of  John,  Duke  of  Marlbo- 
rough, with  some  Account  of  his  Contemporaries  and  of 
the  War  of  the  Succession,  must  he  read  as  a  preface  to  his 
histories.     Of  the  2d  ed.  the  author  remarks, 

"In  this  edition,  which  will  be  considerably  more  than  double 
the  size  of  the  first,  the  author  has  endeavoured  to  convert  the 
military  sketch  which  alone  was  attempted  iu  the  first  edition 
into  a  more  complete  history,  on  the  same  plan  in  respect  to  de- 
tail and  reference  to  authority  as  his  History  of  Europe.  No 
pains  have  been  spared  in  consulting  the  best  authorities  on  the 
subject,  both  iu  Groat  Britain  and  on  the  Continent." 


Alison,  R.  A  Plaine  Confutation  of  a  Treatise  of 
Brownism,  entitled  A  Description  of  the  Visible  Church, 
London,  1590.  An  Houre's  Recreation  in  Musioke,  apt 
for  Instruments  and  Voyces,  London,  1606. 

Alison,  William  Pulteney,  M.D.,  political  econo- 
mist, physician,  and  Professor  of  the  Practice  of  Medicine 
in  the  University  of  Edinburgh,  is  a  younger  brother  of  the 
historian,  and,  like  him,  highly  conservative  in  his  politics, 
but  very  popular  with  the  opposite  party,  on  account  of 
the  interest  he  has  bestowed  on  the  poor  and  suffering 
classes.  In  connexion  with  this  suijject  he  has  been  led 
to  the  consideration  of  certain  great  national  questions, 
and,  together  with  bis  brother,  he  has  always  opposed  the 
existing  system  of  Poor  Laws. 

Outlines  of  Physiology;  3d  ed.,  Edin.,  1839,  Svo;  Out- 
lines of  Pathcdogy  and  Practice  of  Medicine,  1848,  Svo ; 
Remarks  on  the  Report  on  the  Poor-Laws  of  Scotland, 
1848,  Svo. 

"  Every  individu.al  who  cannot  afford  time  to  wade  through  the 
monstrous  volumes  of  evidence  which  have  been  so  digested,  (by 
Dr.  .\lison.)  and  who  feels  interested  in  the  subject,  must  acknow- 
ledge himself  di>eply  indebted  to  the  performer  of  this  disinte- 
rested ar.t  of  labour." — Scotsman. 

In  a  work  published  at  Edinburgh  in  1850,  entitled  A 
Disserbation  on  the  Reclamation  of  Waste  Lands,  he  fully 
examines  the  subject,  and  recommends  the  colonization  of 
waste  lands  by  paupers  and  criminals. — Meyj  of  the  Ttmc. 

Allam,  Andrew,  1655-1685,  born  near  Oxford,  (at 
Garsingdon,)  was  a  pupil  of  William  Wildgoose,  a  teacher 
well  known  at  that  time.  He  took  holy  orders  in  1680. 
He  had  a  predilection  for  antiquarian  pursuits;  and  be- 
sides assisting  -Anthony  Wooil  in  his  Athense  Oxon.,  he 
made  additions  to  Notitia,  (1684,)  and  to  Helorius's  His- 
torical and  Chronological  Theatre,  (pub.  1687.)  He  also 
wrote  the  Epistle  prefixed  to  Dr.  Cosin's  Ecclesiffi  Angli- 
canaj  Politeia,  Ac,  containing  an  account  of  the  doctor's 
life;  a  translation  of  the  Life  of  Iphierates,  Oxf.,  16S4. 
He  projected  a  Notitia  Ecclesia;  Anglicana;,  or  History  of 
Cathedrals,  but  was  prevented  by  death  from  completing 
his  design. — Biog,  Jirtt. 

Allamaud.     Unannealed  Glass  Vessels,  Phil.  Trans., 
1745. 
Allan.     Power  of  the  C.  Magistrate,  &c.,  Edin.,  1807. 
Allan,  Charles.     See  Aleyn,  C. 
Allan,  I).  1744-96,  Plates  illus.  of  Scottish  Song. 
Allan,  George,  died  ISOO,  an  English  antiquary  of 
note,  was  an   attorney  at   Darlington.     He  published  a 
numlier  of  works,  and,  among  others,  struck  ofl"  the  follow- 
ing at  his  private  printing-press  : — Collections  relating  to 
Sherburn   Hospital,   1773 ;    others  for  Greatham   and  Sb 
Edmund's  Hospital  at  Gateshead ;  A  Sketch  of  the  Life 
and  Ch.aracter  of  Bishop  Trevor,  1776.     Mr.  Hutchinson's 
History  of  Durham  was  much  aided  by  him. 

"Nor  is  it  any  discredit  to  Mr.  Hutchinson's  industry  to  say, 
th.at  it  proceeded  under  the  guidance  of  Mr.  Allan's  judgment." 

Mr.  Allan  presented  the  Antiquarian  Society  of  London 
with  26  quarto  vols,  of  MS.  relating  chiefly  to  the  Univer- 
sity of  Oxford. 

■■  In  the  way  from  Darlington  to  Blackwell  you  pass  the  Grange 
....  long  eminently  distinguished  as  the  seat  of  benevolence 
and  the  virtues." — Nic]i/>Ws  Literary  AnncdotfS. 

Allan,  George,  176S-1S2S,  M.P.  for  Durham,  son  of 
the  above,  inherited  his  father's  passion  for  literary  pur- 
suits. Ho  was  a  contributor  to  that  invaluable  literary 
store-house,  Nichols's  Literary  Anecdotes. 

Allan,  J.  H.  Pictorial  Tour  in  the  Mediterranean, 
Lou..  4to. 

Allan,  U.  1.  A  Dictionary  of  the  Ancient  Languages 
of  Scotland,  Edin.,  1S04.  2.  A  Treatise  on  the  Operation 
of  Lithotomy,  ic,  Edin.,  1808.  3.  A  System  of  Pathos- 
logical  and  "Operative  Surgery,  founded  on  Anatomy,  3 
vols..  lSlU-24. 

Allan,  Robert.     Manual  of  Mineralogy,  Lon.,  Svo. 
Allan,  Thomas.     Works  on  Mineralogy,  1808-18. 
Allansou.     Sermon  on  ,Iohn  xiii.  34,  I'TSO. 
Allanson,  J.  A.     Picturesque  Representations  of  the 
Manneis  of  the  Russians,  3  vols.  fol.  Lond.,  1813. 

AUardyce,  A.  \A.  respect.  Bank  of  Eng.,  1798-lSOl. 
AUason,  J.,  D.D.  Sermon  on  2  Sam.  xviii.  3,  1713. 
Allason,  T.  Pict.  Views:  Anti.  of  Pola.,  Lond.,  1819. 
Allbnt.  Elements  Useful  Knowledge,  Ac.,  Lond.,  1809. 
Alk'hin,  R.  A<ldress  to  Young  Persons  on  the  Truth 
and  Importance  of  Christianity,  1803. 

Alldridge,    W.    T.     The    Goldsmith's    Repository, 
London,  1789. 
"  A  useful  work,"— LowmKS. 

Alle,  T.     Nar.  reh  to  Edward's  Gangrsena,  Lon.,  1646. 
AUein,  Thomas.    See  Allen. 


ALL 


ALL 


AUeine,  or  Alleiu,  Joseph,  16.33-16S8,  an  emi- 
nent Jsonconloruiist  minister,  was  b.  at  Devizes,  Wilt- 
shire, and  entered  Lincoln  College,  Oxford,  in  1649.  He 
was  admitted  scholar  of  Corpus  Christi  in  1651,  and  two 
years  afterwards  was  elected  to  the  chaplainship.  So 
diligent  was  he  in  his  studies,  that  he  allowed  himself  but 
three  hours" sleep,  and  often  gave  away  his  "commons"  to 
save  more  time  for  his  books.  He  accepted  the  post  of 
assistant  minister  to  Mr,  Newton  at  Taunton,  in  1655.  He 
suffered  greatly  from  imprisonment,  and  other  annoyances, 
in  consequence  of  his  conscientious  refusal  to  accept  the 
act  of  uniformity  of  1662.  He  was  "abundant  in  la- 
bours," holy  in  ^lis  "walk  and  conversation,"  and  exem- 
plary in  all  the  relations  of  life.  He  i)nblished  a  number 
of  religious  works,  1656-167-i,  the  best  known  of  which 
is  An  Alarm  to  Unconverted  Sinners,  1672,  of  which 
20,000  copies  were  sold.  It  appeared  three  years  after- 
wards, under  the  title  of  A  Sure  Guide  to  Heaven,  when 
50,000  copies  were  disposed  of.  Since  then  it  has  run 
through  many  editions,  and  been  the  means,  through  the 
Divine  blessing,  of  turning  "many  to  righteousness." 
"  A  very  awaki.-niiig  and  judicious  work." — IJickersteth. 
AUeine  or  Allein,  Richard,  1611-lCSl,  a  Noncon- 
formist minister,  was  of  St.  Alban's-hall,  Oxford,  and 
became  Rector  of  Bateaube,  Somersetshire.  Like  his  name- 
sake, the  subject  of  the  preceding  article,  he  was  noted  for 
zeal  in  labours  and  piety  in  deportment.  He  published  a 
number  of  religions  works,  of  which  the  Vindiciae  Pietatis, 
or  Vindication  of  Godliness  from  the  imputations  of  Folly 
and  Fancy,  Lon.,  1663,  is  still  in  considerable  estimation. 
Allen.  Farrier's  Assistant,  London,  1737. 
Allen.  Speeimina  Iconographica,  or  Nature  of  In- 
ventions and  Experiments,  Lon.,  1730.  Twenty-six  ser- 
mons on  important  subjects,  Lon.,  1751. 

Allen,  Anthony,  d.  1754.  collected  a  biographical 
account  of  the  members  of  Eton  College,  and  considerable 
materials  for  an  English  dictionary  of  obsolete  words.  Of 
the  former,  one  copy  was  placed  iu  King's,  one  In  Eton 
College  Library,  and  ono  by  his  will  was  to  be  given  to 
Mr.  Speaker  Onslow,  his  patron. — Chalmers's  Diet. 

Allen,  B.     Treatises  on  Mineral  Waters,  .fee,  Lon., 
1689-1711. 
Allen,  B.     A  Poem  ins.  to  his  Brit.  Majesty,  1761. 
Allen,  Charles.     See  Aleyn. 

Allen,  Charles.    Operator  for  the  Teeth.  Dubl.,  1687. 

Allen,  David  O.,  D.D.,  b.  Barre,  Mass.,  grad.  Union 

Coll.,   1823;    proceeded  to  India  as  a  missionary  of  the 

American  Board,   1827;  returned  to  U.S.,  1853.      India, 

Ancient  and  Modern,  8vo,  pp.  618  j    2d  ed.,  Bost,  1858. 

See  a  review   in   Lon.   Athen.,   No.   1497,   July  5,   1856. 

Contrib.  extensively  to  journals  in  India  and  America. 

Allen,  E.  Argument  resp.  Island  of  Jersey,  Lon.,  1812. 

Allen,  Edniond.     See  Alen. 

Allen,  £than,  1742-1789,  a  brigadier-general  in  the 
war  of  the  American  Revolution,  b.  in  Roxbury,  Conn. 
He  pub.  a  number  of  controversial  pamphlets,  a  narrative 
of  his  observations  during  his  captivity,  and  Allen's  Theo- 
iog.Y,  or  The  Oracle  of  Reason,  1786. 

''This  last  work  was  intended  to  ridicule  the  doctrino  of  Moses 
and  the  prophets.  It  would  be  unjust  to  bring  against  it  the 
cliarge  nf  having  effected  great  mischief  in  the  world ;  for  few  have 
had  tlie  patience  to  read  it." — Allen's  Amer.  Diog.  Diet. 

As  might  bo  expected  of  one  silly  enough  to  espouse  the 
absurdities  of  infidelity,  Mr.  Allen  held  some  very  foolish 
opinions :  viz.  that  man  after  death  would  transmigrate 
into  beasts,  birds,  fishes,  reptiles,  «fec. ;  and  that  he  himself 
should  live  again  in  the  form  of  a  large  white  horse. 

Allen,   F.,    Archd.    of    Middlesex.     Sermons.    Lon., 
1739-51. 
Allen,  G.     Tables  for  Tolls  and  Freight,  1800. 
Allen,  H.     Letters,  kc,  1774. 

Allen,  Henry,  174S-1784,  b.  at  Newport,  R.I.,  pub. 
a  volume  of  Hymns,  several  treatises  and  sermons. 
Allen,  Hezekiah.     A  Sacred  Drama,  1798. 
Allen,  I.  N.     Diary  of  a  March  through  Sinde  and 
Affghanistan,  &c.,  and  sermons,  Lon.,  1843. 

Allen,  Ira,  1752?-1814,  first  Secretary  of  Vermont, 
was  a  brother  of  Ethan  Allen.  Natural  and  Political 
History  of  Vermont,  Lon.,  1798.  Statements  applicable 
to  the  Olive  Branch,  Phila.,  1807. 

Allen,  J.  The  Younger  Brother,  ic,  Osf.,  1624. 
Allen,  Jas.  The  Danger  of  Philosophy, <tc.,  Lon. ,1807. 
Allen,  Jas.,  1632-1710,  minister  in  Boston,  Mass., 
came  to  America  in  1662.  1.  Healthful  Diet,  a  sermon. 
New  England's  Choicest  Blessings,  an  election  sermon, 
1679.  Serious  Advice  to  Delivered  Ones.  Man's  Self-re- 
flection, (fee.  J  and  two  practical  discourses. 


Allen,  Jas.,  1691-1747,  first  minister  of  Brookline, 
Mass.  1.  Thauksg.  Sermon,  1722.  2.  Discourse  on  Pro- 
vidence, 1727.  3.  Doctrine  of  Merit  exploded,  Ac.,  1727. 
4.  A  Fast  Sermon,  1727.  5.  Sermon  to  a  Society  of  Young 
Men,  1731.  6.  On  the  Death  of  Saml.  Aspinwall,  1733. 
7.  Election  Sermon,  1744. 

Allen,  Jas.,  1739-1808,  Boston,  Mass.     Poems. 
Allen,  J.   Fisk.     Practical  Treatise  on  the  Culture 
and  Trt-atmcnt  of  the  Grape-Vine,  1853,  N.Y.,  12mo  j  3d 
ed.,  enlarged. 

Allen,  John,  1476-1534,  Archbishop  of  Dublin  in  the 
reign  of  Henry  VII. ;  author  of  Epistola  de  Pallii  Signi- 
ficatione.  De  Consuetudinibus  ac  Statutis,  »fec.,  and  some 
uthor  trealil^es. 

Allen,  John.     Judicial  Astrologers,  Ac,  Lon.,  1659 
Allen,  John.     Ser.  on  Perjury,  Lev.  xix.  12,  1682. 
Alien,  John,  M.D.     Synopsis  Medicinas  ;  or  a  Sum- 
mary View  of  the  whole  Practice  of  Physick,  Lon.,  1719. 
Printed  iu  Paris,  1728;  Amsterdam,  1730. 

Allen,  John.  Sermon  on  Ps.  cxxxiii.  1,  1725.  On 
Tit.  ii.  15,  174(1. 

Allen,  John.  Narrative  of  New  Inventions,  Lon.» 
1730. 

Allen,  John.     Sermons.  1740-56. 
Allen,  John,  Vice  Principal  of  St.  Mary  Magd.  Hall 
Oxford.     Pub.  various  sermons,  1758-73. 

Allen,  John.  Spiritual  Magazine,  or  the  Christian's 
Grand  Treasure,  1752.  A  new  edit,  with  preface  by  Ro 
maine,  Lon.,  1810,  3  vols, 

Allen,  John,  a  learned  dissenting  layman,  the  au- 
thor of  several  religious  works,  and  of  excellent  transla- 
tions of  Calvin's  Institutes,  and  Outram  on  Sacrifice,  Ac. 
Mr.  Allen  is  best  known  by  Modern  Judaism,  or  a  Brief 
Account  of  the  Opinions,  Rites,  and  Ceremonies  of  the 
Jews  in  Modern  Times,  Lon.,  1817. 

"This  is  the  best  work  on  modern  Judaism  in  our  language. 
The  various  topics  mentioned  in  the  title  are  treated  very  judicious- 
ly, and  passages  of  Scripture  are  occasionally  illustrated." — OKMi:. 
"  Useful  information." — Bickeesteth. 

"The  various  traditions.  &c.  re<'eived  and  adopted  by  the  mo- 
dern Jews  (that  is,  by  those  who  lived  during  and  subsequently 
to  the  time  of  Jesus  Christ)  are  fully  and  perspicuously  treated 
in  this  well-executed  volume,  which  illustnites  various  passages  in 
the  New  Testament  with  great  ft-licitv.'— T.  II.  Hoene. 

Allen,  John,  M.D.,  1770-1843,  b.  Colinton,  near 
Edinburgh.  1.  Illustrations  of  Mr.  Hume's  Essay  con- 
cerning Liberty  and  Necessity,  iu  answer  to  Dr.  Gregory, 
of  Edinburgh,  by  a  Necessitarian.  2.  Trans.  Cuvier's 
Study  of  the  Animal  Economy,  Edin.,  1801.  3.  Inquiry 
into  the  Rise  and  Growth  of  the  Royal  Prerogative  in 
England,  1830.  A  valuable  constitutional  work.  A  new 
ed.,  with  the  author's  revisions,  was  published  after  his 
death.  Contrib.  extensively  to  Edin.  Rev.,  chiefly  on 
subjects  connected  with  the  British  Constitution  and  with 
French  and  Spanish  history.  Forty-one  articles  in  that 
perindical  are  attributed  to  him.  the  principal  of  which 
are  Regency  Question,  ISll  ;  Constitution  of  Parlia- 
ment, 1816;  Review  of  Lingard's  England ;  Church  Rates, 
1839,  Ac. ;  Hist,  of  Europe  in  the  Annual  Register  for 
1806;  and  a  Biog.  Sketch  of  Mr.  Fox,  1820.  See  Lord 
Brougham's  Hist.  Sketches,  pp.  342-348,  Third  Series. 

Allen,  John,  151)6-1671.  first  minister  of  Dedhara, 
Mass.,  born  in  England,  driven  thence  by  persecution. 
Mr.  Cotton  speaks  of  him  with  respect  in  his  preface  to 
Norton's  Answer  to  Apollonius.  He  pub.  a  Defence  of  the 
Nine  Positions,  in  which,  with  Mr.  Shejiard  of  Cambridge, 
he  discusses  the  points  of  Church  Discipline,  and  a  de- 
fence of  the  Synod  of  1662,  against  Mr.  Chauncy,  under 
the  title  of  Animadversions  upon  the  Antisyuodalia,  4to, 
1664.  (In  N.  England  Library.)  His  last  two  sermons 
were  pub.  after  his  death. — Mmjnal.  iii.  132,  Prenties'a 
ftni.  serni.  mi  Haven. 

Allen,  Jos.     Evil  Communications,  1  Cor.  xv.  33, 1712. 

Allen,    Joseph,    R.N.      1.    Battles   of   the    British 

Navy;  new  ed.,   revised  and  enlarged,    Lon.,  2  vols.   p. 

Svo,  1852.     2.  Navigation-Laws  of  Great  Britain,  8vo, 

Allen,  Jos.  II.   Discourses  on  Orthodoxy,  Bost.,  12mo. 

Allen,  Joshua*   On  James  ii.  10,  1730.    The  Trinity, 

Ac.  1751. 

Allen,  Lydia.  Experimental  Christianity,  Ac,  2d 
ed.,  grt^atly  enlarged,  Lon.,  1741. 

Allen,  Otis.  Duties  and  Liabilities  of  Sheriffs,  re- 
vised and  enlarged,  Albany,  1845,  Svo.  See  5  Am.  Law 
Mag.,  456. 

Allen,  Paul,  1775-1826,  was  born  at  Providence,  R. 
I.  He  graduated  at  Brown  University  in  1796.  He  was 
a  contributor  to  the  Phila.  Port  Folio,  the  United  States 
,  Gazette,  and  The  Portico,  (associated  with  Pierpout  and 

63 


ALL 


ALL 


Neal.)  lie  was  also  an  editor  of  the  Federal  RopublicuD 
at  Baltimore,  of  the  Journal  of  the  Times,  and  of  the 
Morning  Chronicle.  He  was  employed  to  prepare  for  the 
press  the  travels  of  Lewis  and  Clarke.  He  had  long  pro- 
mised a  History  of  the  American  Revolution,  and  a  large 
subscription  had  been  secured.  It  at  last  appeared  in  his 
name,  but  was  written  by  John  Neal  and  Mr.  Watkin. 
His  principal  poem  has  been  commended  as  possessing 
"simplicity  and  feeling."  He  published  Original  Poems, 
Berious  and  Entertaining,  1801. — Allen's  Amer.  Biog.  Diet, 

His  poem  of  Noah  was  pub.  1S21,  in  5  cantos:  it  origin- 
ally consisted  of  26  ;  but,  having  been  placed  in  the  bauds 
of  Mr.  Neal  for  revision,  he  judiciously  reduced  it  to  its 
present  dimensions, 

Allen,  R.  1.  Doctrine  of  the  Gospel,  1606.  2.  On 
Proverbs,  1612. 

Allen,  R.  1.  Singing  of  Psalms,  1696.  2.  Sermons, 
1675-1702. 

Allen,  R.  Great  Importance  of  Havannah,  Lon., 
1712-62. 

Allen,  or  Alleine,  Richard.  An  Antidote  against 
Heresy.  Lon.,  104S. 

Allen,  Robt*     Christian  Beneficence,  Lon.,  1660. 

Allen,  Robert.  1.  Forms  of  Wills.  Lon,,  12mo.  2. 
Prac.  Com.  Law  Cuurts,  1841,  12mo,  3.  Insolvent  Debtors' 
Court,  183H,  12mo. 

Allen,  T.  Expedient  reL  to  Ch.  of  England,  1  Pet. 
V.  1-4.  1719. 

Allen,  Thomas.  1.  History  and  Antiquities  of  the 
Parish  and  Palace  of  Lambeth,  Lon.,  1S24-27,  8vo,  and 
also  4to.  2.  History  and  Antiquities  of  London,  Ac,  1827 
-29,  5  vols.  8vo.  3.  History  of  the  County  of  York,  1829, 
6  vols.  8vo.  4.  History  of  the  County  of  Lincoln,  2  vols. 
4to.  5.  History  of  the  County  of  Surrey,  Svo.  6.  History 
of  the  Counties  of  Surrey  and  Sussex.  2  vols.  Svo. 

Allen,  Sir  T.  A  work  rel.to  the  Pirates  of  Algiers,  1670. 

Allen,  or  Alleyn,Thos.,  1542-1632,  celebrated  for  his 
knowledge  of  mathematics  and  astrology,  was  one  of  the 
most  noted  men  of  his  day.  He  wrote,  1.  Claudii  Ptolemei 
Pelusiensis  de  Astrorum  judiciis  aut,  ut  vulgo  vocant, 
quadripartitte  constructionis,  Liber  secundus,  cum  Expo- 
sitione.  Th.  Alleyn  Angli  Oxoniensis.  2,  Ejusdem  Lib. 
Tertius.  These  works  in  MS.  fell  into  the  hands  of  Lilly, 
who  gave  them,  in  1652,  to  Elias  Ashmole.  He  likewise 
wrote  notes  on  many  of  Lilly's  books,  and  some  on  John 
Bale's  book,  De  Seriptoribus  Maj.  Britaunia\  Ho  was 
born  at  Uttoxeter.  in  Staffordshire,  being  descended,  through 
six  generations,  from  Henry  Allen,  or  Alan,  Lord  of  the 
Manor  of  Buckenhall. 

"  In  1561,  he  was  admitted  scholar  of  Trinity  Collefre,  Oxford, 
and  in  1503,  Mastt^r  of  Arts.  .  .  .  IJeing  thus  jiccoiiiplisht!d  with 
various  sorts  of  learning,  he  was  several  times  invited  to  the 
houses  of  princes  and  noblemen,  not  only  of  his  nation,  but  of 
others.  Robert.  Earl  of  Leicester,  had  a  particular  estt-em  lor  Mr. 
Allen.  It  is  certain  the  earl  placed  such  confidence  in  Mr.  Allen, 
that  nothing  material  in  the  state  was  transacted  without  his 
knowledge.  .  .  .  Ue  wasalso  highly  respected  by  otherfemousmen 
of  his  time,  as  Sir  Thomas  Bodley.  Sir  Henry  .Saville.  Mr.  Camden, 
Sir  Robt.  Cotton,  Sir  Henry  Spelman,  Mr.  Selden,  &cy—Bi(>g.  Bnt. 

Allen,  Thos.,  1572-1636,  a  clergyman,  and  literary 
friend  of  Sir  Henry  Saville,  was  probationer  fellow  of 
Merton  College,  Oxf.  Observationes  in  Libellum  Chrysos- 
tomi  in  Esaiam. 

"  He  entered  into  the  sacred  function,  but  instead  of  frequent 
preaching,  he  exercised  himself  much  in  crablied  and  critical  learn- 
ing. He  was  one  that  helped  Sir  II.  Saville  in  making  and  fram- 
ing his  Annotations  on  Chrysostimies  Homilies,  on  Matthew  and 
the  other  Evangelists,  as  he  doth  acknowled-re  in  his  preface  to  the 
said  Annotations,  wherein  ho  styles  this  our  author  Vir  doctrissi- 
viiis,  Oraxorum  literarum  non  minus quam  Theologiie  pt-ritissimus, 
Ac." — Anthoxt  Wood. 

Allen,  Thos.  The  Excellency  of  the  Koyal  Hands' 
Handy  Work,  Lon.,  1665. 

Allen,  Thos.,  16U8-1673,  a  Nonconformist  minister, 
born  and  stationed  at  Norwich.  In  16."i6.  Bishop  Wren 
fiilenced  him  for  refusing  to  read  the  disgraceful  Book  of 
Sports.  Chain  of  Scripture  Chronology,  from  the  Creation 
to  the  Death  of  Christ  in  seven  periods,  Lon.,  16.39. 
Preface  to  Shepard's  work  on  Liturgies.  The  Glory  of 
Christ,  tfec. 

Allen,  or  Allein,  or  Alleine,  Thos.,  1682?-1755, 
died  while  reading  prayers  in  his  church,  at  Kettering, 
Northamp.  The  Practice  of  a  Holy  Life,  Ac,  Lon.,  1716. 
The  Christian's  Sure  Guide  to  Eternal  Life :  both  trans- 
lated into  the  Russian  language.  He  wrote  a  number  of 
other  works. 

Allen,    Thos.,    1743-1810,   first  minister   of    Pitts- 
field,  Mass.     1.  Sermon  on  the  death  of  Elizabeth  White; 
1798.     2.  On  the  death  of  Moses  Allen;  ISOl.     3.   On  the 
death  of  Anna  Collins;  1803.    4.  On  the  death  of  his  son, 
54 


Thos.  Allen,  Jr. ;  1806.  5.  Election  Sermon  :  ISOS.  Some 
of  his  letters  were  published  in  Edin,  Miss.  Mag.  for  Oct., 
Nov.,  and  Dec,  1799. 

Allen,  Thos.,  M.D.  History  and  Description  of  a  Her- 
maphrodite, in  a  Latin  letter,  Phil.  Trans.  Abr.  i.  223. 1668. 

Allen,  W.,  D.D.     Religions  works.  Lon.,  1673-1703. 

Allen,  Wm.  A  Glass  of  Justification,  Lon.,  1658, 
1660.  A  Relation  of  the  Orations  Release  of  Mrs.  Huish 
from  the  Tempter,  Lon.,  1658. 

Allen,  Wm.  Under  this  name  was  published  in  1659, 
the  celebrated  tract  entitled,  Killing  no  Murder,  with  some 
additions  tit  for  Public  View,  to  deter  and  prevent  Single 
Persons  and  Councils  from  Usurping  Supreme  Power. 
This  tract  has  been  attributed  both  to  Colonel  Silas  Titus 
and  to  Colonel  Sexby.  It  invited  all  j)atriots  to  assassina- 
tion, proclaiming  that  the  greatest  benefit  any  Englishman 
could  render  his  country  would  be  to  murder  Cromwell. 
A  copy  was  thrown  into  the  Protector's  coach,  and  it  is 
said  that  he  afterwards  always  carried  loaded  pistols,  and 
never  knew  another  moment's  peace. 

Allen,  Wni.  Ways  and  Means,  &c..  Value  of  Land, 
Lon.,  1736. 

Allen,  Win.     Ascension  Sermon,  E.x.  xs.  16,  1743. 

Allen,  Wni.,  pub.  an  edition  of  the  Twelve  Orations 
by  which  Demusthenes  endeavoured  to  animate  the  Athe- 
nians with  the  spirit  of  liberty. 

••  This  edition  (1757)  is  allowed  to  possess  much  merit." — WaWs 
Bib.  Brit. 

Allen,  Wm.,  1770-1843,  a  distinguished  member  of 
the  Society  of  Friends,  elected  Fellow  Roy.  Soc,  1807,  and 
contrib.  many  valuable  papers  to  the  Society's  Phil. 
Trans.,  being  the  results  of  his  more  important  chemical 
investigations.  See  Life  and  Corresp.,  Lon.,  3  vols.  Svo; 
Memoir  by  Jas.  Sherman,  new  cd.,  p.  Svo,  1857  j  Pharma- 
ceutical Jour,  and  Trans..  Feb.  1S44. 

Allen,  William,  D.D..  b.  Jan.  2,  1784,  at  Pittsfield, 
Mass.,  son  of  Rev.  Thos.  Allen,  first  minister  of  Pittsfield, 
iq.v.);  grad.  at  Harvard  Coll..  1802;  was  Pres.  of  Bow- 
doin  Coll.,  1820-39,  at  which  time  he  resigned.  He  was 
successor  of  Dr.  Channing  as  a  Regent  in  Harvard  Coll. 
While  in  that  oflBee  he  prepared  the  first  edition  of  his 
American  Biographical  and  Historical  Dictionary,  pub. 
1809,  containing  notices  of  about  700  Americans.  This 
was  the  first  book  of  general  biography  issued  in  the  U.S.; 
2d  ed.,  1832,  contained  more  than  1800  names;  3d  ed.. 
Best.,  1S57,  r.  Svo,  contains  the  names  of  7000  Americans 
more  or  less  distinguished.  In  1807  he  prepared  the  lives 
of  American  ministers  for  the  Rev.  David  Rogue's  History 
of  Dissenters,  Lon.,  1809,  3  vols.  Svo;  1812,  4  vols.  Svo. 
He  made  a  collection  of  more  than  10,000  words  not  found 
in  the  dictionaries  of  the  English  language,  1500  being 
contributed  to  Worcester's  Dictionary  in  1846,  4000  to 
Webster's  in  1854,  and  6000  for  the  projected  new  ed.  of 
Webster.  Baccalaureate  Addres.ses.  1823-29.  Junius  Un- 
masked, to  prove  that  Lord  Sackville  was  the  real  Junius, 
Bost..  1828,  12mo:  see  Jrxics.  Accounts  of  Shipwrecks ; 
Psalms  and  Hymns,  with  many  Original  Hymns,  1835. 
Memoir  of  John  Codman,  1853.  Historical  Discourse  on 
the  Fortieth  Anniversary  of  the  Second  Church  in  Dor- 
chester, 1848.  Discourse  at  the  Close  of  the  Second 
Century  of  the  Settlement  of  Northampton,  Mass.,  1854. 
Wunnissoo,  or  The  Vale  Hoosatunnuk ;  a  Poem,  with 
learned  Notes,  1856.  He  is  the  author  of  the  biographical 
articles,  in  Dr.  Sprague's  Annals  of  the  American  Pulpit, 
on  John  Wise,  John  Graham.  Eleazer  Whcelock,  and 
Thomas  Allen.  We  are  indebted  to  Dr.  Allen's  Bio- 
graphical Diet,  for  many  facts  relating  to  the  early  Ame- 
rican authors.     See  Appleton's  New  Amer.  Cyc,  vol.  i. 

Allen,  Wm.     Views  of  the  River  Niger,  Lon.,  ob.  4to. 

Views  in  the  I.^land  of  Ascension,  imp.  4to.     Dead  Sea:  a 

New  Route  to  India,  2  vols.  cr.  Svo.  1855.  In  conjunction  with 

Mr.  Thompson.  Expedition  to  the  Niger,  1841,  2  vols.  Svo. 

Allen,  Wm.  Minutes  for  Gent.  Yeomanry,  Lon..  1798. 

Allen,  Wm.   Chem.  Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  Ac,  1807-9. 

Allen,  \\'m.     Grammatical  works,  Lou.,  1813-15. 

Allen,  Wm.     See  Alan,  W. 

Allen,  Z.,  b.  1796.  iit  Providence,  R.  I.  Science  of 
Mechanics,  1829,  Svo.  Travels  in  Europe,  2  vols.  Svo. 
Philosophy  of  the  Mechanics  of  Nature,  1852,  Svo. 

Allestree,  Chas.  Sermons,  Judg.  v.  31;  Num.  xxiii. 
10,  1685-95. 

Allestree,  Kichard,  D.D..  1619-1681,  was  Provost 
of  Eton,  and  Regius  Professor  of  Divinity  in  the  University 
of  Oxford.  Privileges  of  the  University  of  Oxford,  Ac, 
1647.  Sermons  pub.  1660,  66,  73,  and  84.  IS  Sermons, 
1669;  40  Sermons  before  the  King,  Ac,  16S4.  Dr.  Pri- 
deaux  was  of  opinion  that  the  books 


ALL 

''Assigned  ferroneously.  he  thought.]  to  the  same  author,  as 
The  Whole  Dutv  of  Man.  were  written  l»y  Rp.  Fell  and  Dr.  Alles- 
tree.  ...  As  to"  what  Bp.  Fell  says  in  a  fulio  edition  at  Oxford,  in 
which  all  these  books  are  compri.sed  tosetber,  where  he  mentions 
the  author  as  lately  dead,  it  was  generally  understood  to  Le  meant 
of  Dr.  Allestree.  who  was  then  lately  deceased.  ...  Of  Dr.  Alles- 
tree's  writinn  there  is  a  folio  volume  of  sermons,  whirh  may  bo 
compared  with  these  ti-eatises." — Xtcfiols's  Literaiy  Aiii'C(t"f(;<. 

"  He  was  a  person  rii-hly  furnished  with  all  vaiiety  of  riih  and 
solid  learning,  requisite  to  lecomniend  them  with  the  fji-eatest  ad- 
vantage to  the  more  intelligent  world  for  one  of  the  most  eminent 
divines  of  our  age." — Wjod's  Atfuii.  Oxnn. 

Allestree,  Thos-  Funeral  Hdkf.  and  three  scrs., 1691. 
Allestry,  Jacob,  165;i-l(i86,  author  of  several  pieces 
in  the  Exiimen  Poeticumj  one  of  the  many  poetical  vic- 
tims to  dissipation. 

Allet,  Thos.  Serraon  on  the  Funeral  of  H.  Clements, 
with  the  Christian  Support  uudcr  the  Loss  of  Friends, 
2  Sam.  xii.  22,  Lon.,  1720. 

Alley,  Sir  Geo.,  M.D.  1.  An  Essay  on  a  Peculiar 
Eruptive  Disease,  arising  from  the  Exhibition  of  Mercury; 
Illustrated  with  Cases,  taken  at  the  Westmoreland  Lock 
Hospital,  Dublin ;  Dubl.,  1804.  2.  Observations  on  the 
Hydrargyria,  or  that  Vesicular  Disease  arising  from  the 
Exhibition  of  Mercury,  Lnn..  ISIO. 

Alley,  Jerome,  b.  17G0.  Political  and  religious  works, 
Lon.,  1778-181)6. 
Alley,  Peter.  The  Tears  of  the  Muses,  Lon.,  1794. 
Alley,  William,  D.D..  15l2?-lo70.  consecrated 
Bishop  of  Exeter,  1560.  translated  the  Pentateuch  for 
Archbishop  Parker's  Bible.  He  was  educated  at  Eton ; 
thence,  in  1582,  he  went  to  King's  Cull.,  Camb.,  where  he 
took  the  degree  of  B.A.,  and  removed  thence  to  Oxford. 
He  wrote  a  Hebrew  Grammar,  and  was  author  of  the 
Poor  Man's  Library  ;  being  Rhapsodies  of  Prajlections  on 
1st  Epist.  St.  Peter,  2  vols.  fol.  Lon.,  1571. 

*' He  was  a  person  universiilly  learned,  especially  in  Divinity 
and  in  the  Tongues.  prea.ched  almost  every  Holyday.  and  read  a 
lecture  every  day  while  he  lived  at  Exeter." — Wood's  AOfn.  Ox^jn. 
"  He  became  lecturer  in  St.  Paul's :  I  say  lecturer,  which  name, 
though  since  it  hath  sounded  ill  in  some  jealous  ears,  as  infected 
with  faction,  was  an  ancient  office  founded  in  some  cathedrals,  to 
read  divinity  there;  and  this  Master  Alleys  learned  lectures  (ac- 
cording to  that  a^e)  are  extant  in  print.  ...  He  lieth  liuried 
under  a  fair  marble  in  his  own  cathedral." — FuUer^s  W'rrthics. 

AUeyu,  J.     Episcopacy   the   Great   Bond  of    Union, 
Ephes.  iv.  11-13,  1701.     Unanimity  in  the  Truth  a  Neces- 
sary Duty,  with  the  Means  of  Acquiring  it,  Horn,  xv,  5, 
6,  1707. 
Alleyne,  J.  Leg.  Decrees  of  Marriage,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1774. 
AUeyne,  J.,  M.D.  New  Eng,  Dispensatory,  Lon.,  1733. 
Alleyue,  or  Alleyii.     See  Allen. 
Alliboud,  John,  D.D.,  died  1658,  son  of  Rev.  Peter 
Allibond,  was  of  Magd.   Coll.,  Oxford,  where  his   father 
had  preceded  hira.     Anthonj'  Wood  gives  him  a  high  cha- 
racter as  a  scholar  and  a  divine  : 

•■  This  worthy  Doctor,  who  was  a  Buckinghamshire  Mau  born, 
and  lately  the  chief  master  of  the  Free  School  joyninj;  to  Ma:^d, 
Coll..  was  a  most  excellent  Latin  poet  and  philologist,  and  hath 
publisiied  llustica  Academical  Oxoniensis  nuper  lleformata;  de- 
scriptin :  una  cum  comitiis  ibidem,  IQix  habitis.  "Tis  a  Latin  poem, 
and  was  twice  printed  in  164S.  He  died  at  Bradwell  in  dlouces- 
tershire,  (of  which  place  he  was  rector,)  an.  165^." 

Of  the  above  satire — now  very  rare — on  the  Parliament- 
ary Visitors,  a  MS.  Key  is  referred  to  in  Wood's  Fasti,  by 
Bliss,  ii.,  69. 

'•A  Latin  poem  of  exquisite  humour,  twice  printed  in  IfUS;  re- 
printtd  in  1705,  fob;  and  aLrain  with  an  Uudibrastic  translation 
by  Kdward  Ward,  in  the  fifth  volume  of  Somers's  Cullection  of 
Tracts.  A  very  curious  copy,  with  a  complete  Key  in  MS.,  is  to 
be  found  in  Wood's  study,  No.  423." — Low.ndes. 

Allibond,  Peter,  1560-1629,  father  of  the  preceding. 
"  An  ingenious  man  in  the  opinion  of  all  who  knew  him,  was 
born  at  \Vardenten.  near  to  Hanliury  in  Oxfordshire,  where  his 
name  and  family  had  for  some  generations  lived,  became  a  student 
of  Maird.  Hall  in  the  beginnin;^  of  1578,  aa;ed  IS  years  or  there- 
abouts, took  the  degree  in  Arts,  travelled  for  some  time  beyond 
the  seas.  and.  on  his  return,  became  Hector  of  Cheyneys  in  Bucks, 
where,  continuing  many  years,  did  much  improve  the  ignorant 
with  his  sound  doctrine.  What  he  hath  written  I  know  not,  nor 
translations  which  he  hath  made,  only  these  two  from  French  into 
Ensilish:  1.  Comfort  for  an  Afflicted  Conscience,  wherein  is  con- 
tained both  consolation  and  instruction  for  the  sick.  &c.,  Lon., 
l.o91,  Oct.,  written  by  John  do  L'Espine.  2.  Confutation  of  the 
Popish  T  ran  substantiation,  together  with  a  Narration  how  that 
the  Mass  was  at  sundry  times  patched  and  pieced  by  sundry  Popes, 
&c..  Lon.,  1592.  And  a  translation  from  Latin  into  English,  en- 
titled The  Golden  Chain  of  Salvation.  Lon.,  1604,  qu.,  written  by 
ILirnnn   Renecher." — Wood" s  At f ten.  Oxon 

Allies,  T,  W,  1.  Church  of  England  Cleared  from  the 
Charge  of  Schism,  Lon.,  Svo.  2.  Journal  in  France  in 
1843,  '48,  Svo.  3.  Name  and  Office  of  St.  Peter,  Svo.  4. 
Royal  Supremacy,  Svo.  5.  See  of  St.  Peter,  Svo.  6.  Ser- 
mons on  Koniaiis,  Svo. 
Allin,  Abby,  of  Pomfrct,  Connecticut.     Home  Bal- 


ALL 

lads  :  a  Book  for  New  Englandcrs,  1850.  A  contributor  to 
several  periodicals  under  the  signature  of  "  Nilla." 

*'  The  writings  of  Miss  Allan  are  filled  with  warm  sympathies  for 
the  working-day  world:  she  has  a  cheerful,  hopeful  philos-opby. 
.  .  .  The  expression  of  these  feelings  makes  her  ballads  popular." 
—  IFoHitnr,-;  Utrnrd. 

AUiii^ham.     Mathematical  works,  &c.,  Lon.,  1710-14, 

AUxn^ham,  J.  Till.     Fortune's  Frolics,  1799. 

"There  is  both  fun  and  morality  in  this  entertainment." — Biog, 
Dram. 

Other  pieces,  pub.  Lon.,  ISO.S-OS. 

AIIin&:ham,  W.  Poems,  Lon.,  12mo.  Music-Master, 
&c.  :  new  ed.,  IS.")".  12mo. 

Allin^toii,  John.     Sermons,  pub.  Lon.,  1655-78. 

Allison,  It.    Cun.  to  Amer.  Trans.,v.87,  ISOO;  ib.,  87. 

Allison,  F.,  1705-1777,  Presby.  minister  in  Phila. 
Serm.  on  Kph.  iv.  7,  1758. 

Allison,  P.,  of  Pa.,  d.  1802.  Treatises  on  Liberty.  Ac. 

Allison,  R.  The  Ps.  of  Dauid  in  Metre,  &c.,  Lon.,"l599. 

Allison,  T-  Voyage  from  Archangel  in  Russia,  in 
1697,  Ac,  Lon.,  1699.  See  Pinkerton's  Voyages  and  Tra- 
vels, vol.  i. 

Allix,  Peter,  1641-1717.  This  eminent  divine  and 
profound  scholar  became  so  completely  Anglicised,  and 
reflected  so  much  credit  upon  the  land  of  his  adoption, 
that  we  are  willing  to  make  an  exception  in  his  case,  as  we 
have  done  in  some  few  others,  and  give  him  a  place  in  our 
register.  He  was  born  at  Alenfon  in  France,  and  stationed 
in  the  principal  church  of  the  Reformed  at  Charenton  near 
Paris.  The  Revocation  of  the  Edict  of  Nantes,  in  1685, 
drove  him  to  England,  where  he  became  the  pastor  of  a 
French  congregation  in  conformity  with  the  Established 
Church.  He  was  profoundly  versed  in  Hebrew  and  classi- 
cal literature.  His  works  are  very  numerous.  Reflexions 
on  the  Books  of  the  Holy  Scripture,  &c.,  Lon.,  1688. 

''These  KeHections  are  not  in  the  form  of  a  continued  commen- 
tary on  the  Bible;  but  take  up  what  may  be  called  the  spirit  of  it, 
under  distinct  heads,  chiefly  with  a  view,  as  the  title  expresses  it, 
to  establish  the  divine  orijpn  of  Christianity.  They  were  pub- 
lished in  French  about  the  same  time  [UJS7]  that  they  appeared  in 
ICnjrlish.  They  were  also  translated  into  German,  and  published 
at  Xurembert;  in  1702." — Orme:  Btbl.  Bih. 

*'  These  Rettexions  have  always  been  held  in  great  repute  for  the 
plainness  and  erudition  with  which  they  are  written." — Bishop 

W.\TSON. 

The  Judgment  of  the  Ancient  Jewish  Church  against 
the  Unitarians,  Lon.,  1699. 

*'  It  affords  much  curioxis  and  interesting  information  on  those 
passajxes  of  the  Old  Testament  which  have  been  supposed  to  con- 
tain the  doctrine  of  the  Trinity.  He  successfully  shows,  that  if 
the  ancient  Jews  were  not  strictly  Trinitarians,  they  were  firm 
believers  of  a  plurality  in  the  tiodhead." — Orme. 

"  It  is  not  remarkable  for  accurate  statement  or  judicious  rea- 
soning."— DR-  8mith, 

"A  noble  storehouse  of  arguments  to  confound  the  Jews  by 
proving  that  Jesus  Christ  is  the  Messiah;  andat  the  same  time  to 
put  all'the  Free-thinkers  to  silence."— Dr.  Wotton. 

The  Boi)k  of  Psalms,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1701. 

"Of  no  great  value.  It  is  too  brief  to  be  satisfactory,  either  to 
the  critic  or  the  lover  of  practical  exposition."— Ousie. 

Diatriba  de  anno  et  Mense  Natali  Jesu  Christi,  etc.,  Lon., 
1710. 

*'  In  this  Latin  tract,  Allix  endeavours  to  show  that  the  Messiah 
was  born  not  in  winter,  but  in  the  spring." — Orme. 

Allman,  >Vm.  Math.  Con.  to  Phil,  and  Irish  Soc. 
Trans.,  181  I.  Ac. 

AUnut,  A.  C.    Poverty,  ami  other  Poems,  Lon.,  ISOI. 

Allniit,  G,  S.     Practice  of  Wills.  12mo. 

Allnut,  Z.     Treatises  on  Navigation,  Lon.,  1806-10. 

Allot,  Robert,  is  believed  to  have  been  the  compiler 
of  a  very  curious  and  valuable  volume  of  early  poetry, 
which  had  a  large  share  in  the  remarkable  development  of 
Bibliomania  which  characterized  the  first  quarter  of  the 
present  century.  England's  Parnassus ;  or  the  choycest 
Flowers  of  our  Modern  Poets,  with  their  Poeticall  compa- 
risons. Descriptions  of  Bewties,  Personages,  Castles.  Pal- 
laces,  Mountaines.  Groues.  Seas.  Springs,  River?,  Ac. 
Whereunto  arc  annexed  other  various  discourses,  both 
pleasant  and  profitable.  Imprinted  at  London,  for  N.  L., 
C.  B.,  and  T.  IL,  1600. 

Of  Allnt's  history  nothing  is  now  known.  We  find  a 
surmise  in  Brytl^es' Restituta,  (vol.  iii,  2;U,)  thathe  was  the 
Robert  Allot  who  was  Fellow  of  8t.  John's  College  in  1599. 
With  regard  to  the  Parnassus,  as  it  "  has  preserved  portions 
of  many  scarce  poets,  whose  very  names,  without  .such  care, 
might  have  probably  sunk  into  oblivion,  it  must  ever  rank 
as  a  book  both  valuable  and  curious.''  Wood  seems  to  have 
attributed  this  collection  to  Charles  Fitz-Gefl'rey: 

"  Ue  hath  also  made,  as  'tis  said,  A  Collection  of  choice  Flowers 
and  Descriptions,  as  well  out  of  his.  as  the  worksof  several  others, 
the  most  renowned  Poets  of  our  Nation :  collected  about  the  l>e- 

55 


ALL 


ALS 


ElnmnEoftherfKnofK.JamesI;  but  this,  tho' I  have  been  many  I      "  We  have  often  pored  over  Allston's  pages  to  a.lmire  the  graM 
ginning  111  1  111  .ij.^-      ...»  t .  .l„*  ..;„!.»  „f  it  ••_  iH,.,,    o^ym    I  and  delicacy  of  his  Eniilish  poetical  style.    Thjs  honk  is  equally 


The  nice  selection 


years  .seeking-'  after,  yet  I  cannot  get  a  sight  of  it." — Allien.  Oxon. 

"  Tt  is  vnhi.ible  not  only  on  account  of  its  variety,  but  also  on  ;  it^,*.  ««,^.^  • "■,-,- - ir*i.„      v.         *■  *!,,.„ 

accc^^M'itsint.i.icwoH^asaConipilationpret^  J^S'^^  JS^  I^^^^SS:  t^  ^l^h  =^M  iT  ^^S 


executed."—  irart's  Bib.  Brit. 

A  copy  is  priced  in  the  Bib.  Anglo-Poetica  £20,  and  one 
was  sold  in  the  Roxburghe  sale,  (3171,)  for  £21.  Having 
been  reprinted  by  Mr.  Park  in  the  Hcliconia,  "  the  reprints 
have  pulled  down  the  prices  more  than  one  peg." — Dildin. 

"  Had  the  editor  of  this  curious  volume,  besides  citing  the  names 
of  his  authors,  added  the  titles  of  the  works  from  which  be  culled 
bis  specimens,  an  infinity  of  trouble  would  have  been  saved  to 
subsequent  research;  yet  the  deficiency  has  served,  in  a  peculiar 
manner,  to  mark  the  successful  progress  of  modern  bibliograpby. 


fences,  and  the  rhythmical  cadence  to  which  thought  and  expres- 
sion seem  to  move  united,  combine  to  make  it  one  of  the  most 
finished  works  in  American  literature."— Vol.  liv.  397. 

Mr.  AUston  was  distinguished  for  his  conversational 
powers  and  amiability  of  deportment,  as  well  as  for  artistic 
genius  and  literary  taste.  "  His  tongue  wrought  on  his 
associates  and  acquaintances  like  an  enchanter's  spell, 
preventing  their  taking  any  note  of  time;  and  the  small 
hours  would  be  close  upon  them  before  they  had  thought 
of  retiring."     See  Ijcetures  on  Art,  and  Poems,  by  Wash- 


When  Oldvs  wrote  his  preface  to  Ilayward's  British  Muse,  which     jngton  Allston,  edited  by  K.  H.  Dana,  Jr.,   New  York, 

was  tut  published  in  1738.  he  complains  grievously  of  this  omis-  !       o^,    -^ 

.ion.  observinir  that  most  of  Allots  poets  -were  now  so  obsolete  ,      ^jj^^^^'j^    p_     Ljjerary  Antiquities   of   Greece,  Ac. 


sion,  observing  that  most  of  Allofs  poet! 

that  not  knowing  what  they  wrote,  we  can  have  no  recourse  to 
their  works,  if  still  extant.'  Since  this  sentence  w.as  written,  such 
has  been  the  industry  of  our  literary  antiquaries,  that  almost  every 
poem  which  Allot  laid  under  contribution  in  forming  his  volume, 
has  been  ascertained,  and  rendered  accessible  to  the  curious  in- 
quirer; and  so  far  from  the  writers  being  obsolete,  after  nearly 
eighty  years  have  been  added  to  their  anti.iuity,  we  may  venture 
to  afflrm  that,  excepting  about  half  a  dozen,  they  are  as  familwr 
to  us  as  the  poets  of  the  present  reign."— i>raJ:e's  Sliakspeare  and. 
His  Times. 

The  contributors  to  England's  Parnassus  were  the  fol- 
lowin 


23.  Gervase  Markham. 

24.  Christopher  Marlowe. 

25.  John  Marston. 

26.  Christopher  Middleton. 

27.  Thomas  Nash. 
2S.  Oxford,  Earl  of. 

29.  George  Peele. 

30.  Matthew  Hoydon. 

31.  S,i(k%ill.-.  l.nrd  Jiuckhurst. 

32.  ^\  illiaiii  >liakspeare. 

33.  Kduiuud  Spenser. 

34.  Thomas  Storer. 

35.  Surrey.  Earl  ot 
3t).  Sir  Philip  Sidney. 

37.  ,lnshua  Sylvester. 

38.  tborgc  Tiibcrviile. 
30.  ^Villiam  Warner. 

40.  Thomas  Watson. 

41.  ,Tohn  Weever. 

42.  William  Weever. 

43.  Sir  Thomas  Wyatt. 


Thomas  Achelly. 

2.  Thonuas  Bastard. 

3.  George  Chapman. 

4.  Thomas  Churchyard. 

5.  Henry  Constable. 

6.  Samuel  Daniel. 

7.  John  Davies. 

8.  Thomas  Dekk.ar. 

9.  Mich.ael  Drayton. 

10.  Edniuud  Fairfax. 

11.  Charles  Fitz-Geftrey, 

12.  Abraham  Fraunce. 

13.  George  Gascoigne. 

14.  Edward  Gilpin. 

15.  Robert  Greene. 

16.  Sir  John  Harrington. 

17.  John  Higgins. 
IS.  Thomas  Hudson. 

19.  James,  King  of  Scots. 

20.  Benjamin  Jnnsou. 

21.  Thomas  Kyd. 

22.  Thomas  Lodge. 
"  Robert  Allot  is  a  joint  sonneteer  with  E.  Gilpin  before  Mark- 
ham's  •  Devereux,'  1697.  They  were  proKably  friends,  and  though 
Gilpin's  name  occurs  in  no  other  book,  he  is  not  unfrequently 
quoted  in  England's  Parnassus.  This  atTords  some  slight  confir- 
mation that  Allot  was  the  compiler  of  it."— CuHter's  nxl.  Decameron. 

Oldys  has  taken  to  task  the  .judgment  of  the  editor  in 
his  selection  of  .luthors  and  extracts;  but  Warton,  a  far 
higher  authority,  declares  that, 

•■The  method  is  judicious,  the  extracts  copious,  and  made  with 
a  degree  of  taste." 

Allott,  R.  Sermon  before  H.  of  Commons.    Fast-Day, 

1806.  ,     , 

Allston,'Washinston,l  779-1  .S43.  This  distinguished 

artist  was  the  author  of  a  number  of  poetical  and  prose 
compositions.  He  was  born  in  Georgetown,  South  Caro- 
lina, and  entered  Harvard  College  in  1796.  In  1813  he 
published  in  London,  a  volume  entitled.  The  Sylphs  of  the 
Seasons  and  other  Poems,  which  seems  to  have  passed  un- 
noticed in  the  multitude  of  works  issuing  from  the  London 
press.  The  principal  portion  of  the  contents  of  this  vol- 
ume had  been  perused  and  much  admired  in  MS.  by  Mr. 
AUston's  friends  in  Boston.  The  volume  is  made  up  of 
quite  a  number  of  poems,  the  largest  containing  between 
eix  and  seven  hundred  lines. 

"  Mr.  AUston's  versiticatiou  is  peculiarly  easy,  and  seems  thrown 
out  with  as  little  effort  as  it  is  read.  With  all  bis  ease,  however,  he 
is  always  musical,  and  we  have  only  to  object  to  a  loose  line  here  and 
there.  .  .  .  Our  author's  language  is  all  good,  but  is  not  strictly 
the  poetical  language;  and  we  should  think  that  he  had  not  been 
a  wide  and  constant  reader  of  the  old  English  poets.  .  .  .  We 
would  advise  our  readers  to  make  themselves  acquainted  with  it. 
They  certainly  will  find  it  worthy  their  pride,  in  the  general  poverty 
of  literature  in  our  country." — Nortit  American  Kevienj,  vol.  v.  365. 

The  Romance  of  Monaldi,  which  had  been  written  twenty 
years  before,  .and  intended  as  a  contribution  to  Mr.  Dana's 
Idle  Man,  was  published  in  1841,  anonymously.  Monaldi 
is  a  gnohiatc  of  the  Othello  school,  infuriated  by  .jcalou.sy, 
and  determined  himself  to  become  a  murderer,  because  ho 
imagines  his  wife  to  ho  unfaithful.  The  Rev,  Dr.  Griswold 
remarks  with  reference  to  Mr,  AUston's  style ; 

"All  the  specimens  that  I  h.ave  seen  of  his  prose  indicate  a  re- 
markable command  of  language,  great  descriptive  powers,  and  rare 
philosophical  as  well  as  imaginative  talent." 

The  North  American  Review  speaks  in  high  t«rms  of 
the  literary  character  of  Monaldi : 
6ii 


Lon.,  1794.    12  Lectures  on  the  Prophecies,  &e.,  Lon.,  1815. 

Allyn.     See  Alan  and  Allen. 

Almou,  Mr.,  and  T.  D.iwkes,  Phil.  Trans.,  Abr.  is., 
95,  1745. 

Almon,  and  Debrctt.  Parliamentary  Register,  1743-74, 
Lon.,  11  vols.  2d  Ed.,  with  additions,  Lon.,  1792,  7  vols. 

Almou,  John,  1738-1805,  combined  the  three  pro- 
fessions in  London,  of  Bookseller,  Author,  and  Editor. 
He  pub.  a  number  of  political  tracts  of  a  violent  character, 
some  of  which  he  is  supposed  to  have  written.  Anecdotes 
of  Lord  Chatham,  1792,  often  reprinted.  Biographical, 
Literary,  and  Political  Anecdotes,  1797. 

"This  work,  though  parfi.al.  is  interesting,  as  containing  many 
curious  particulars  of  the  political  characters  and  contests  of  the 
day." — Lowndes. 

Almond.     Mistery  of  Godliness,  Lon.,  1671. 
Almond,  K.     English  Horseman,  Ac,  Lon.,  1673. 
Alsop,  Ann.    Letters  to  Rev.  T.  Edmonds,  Lon.,  1801. 
Alsop,  Anthony,  d.  1726,  was  elected  from  'West- 
minster  to  Christ  Church,  where   he  became  censor,  M.A., 
1696     B.  D.,    1706.      Fabularum    .Ssopicarum    Delectus, 
Oxon.,  1698.     Antonii  Alsopi  MiWs  Christi  Olim  Alumni 
Odarum  libro  duo,  1751.     He  made  use  of  the  Sapphic 
numbers  in  his  familiar  correspondence,  in  which 
"  he  showed  a  facility  so  uncommon  and  a  style  so  natural  and 
easy  that  bo  lias  not  been  unjustly  e^steemcd  inferior  only  to  his 
master  Horace."— A'ic;w(^-'.s  Literary  Anecdotes. 

Concerning  the  notable  controversy  on  the  Epistles  ol 
Phalaris  wc  shall  have  more  to  say  hereafter.     See  Bent- 
lev,  Dn. ;  Boyle,  Charles,  Earl  of  OnnERY,  Ac. 
Alsop,  Benj.     Theolog.  Works,  Lon.,  1675-90. 
Alsop,  Geo.    The  Character  of  the  Province  of  Mary- 
land. Lon.,  16l'>6.     A  rare  work.     Serms.,  Ac,  1669-70. 

Alsop,  John,  1776-1841.  brother  of  Richard  Alsop, 
and  a  poet  of  some  taste.  See  specimens  in  Everest's  Poets 
of  Connecticut. 

Alsop,  N.  Sermons,  pub.  Lon.,  1682-90. 
Alsop,  Richard,  1701-1815,  a  native  of  Middleton, 
Connecticut,  was  a  poet  of  some  note.  He  was  the  prin- 
cipal of  the  "  Hartford  wits,"  including  Theodore  Dwight, 
Hopkins,  Trumbull,  Ac,  who  wrote  the  satire  entitled  The 
Echo,  pub.  in  a  vol.  in  1807.  He  translated  several  pieces 
from  the  French  and  Italian,  and  wrote  a  Monody  on  the 
Death  of  Washington,  which  was  received  with  great 
favour,  and  w<as  published  at  Hartford,  Conn,,  in  1800, 
See  Duyckincks'  Cyc.  Amer.  Lit. ;  also  Everest's  Poets  of 
Connecticut.  Edited  Captivity  and  Adventures  of  J.  R. 
Jewett  among  the  .Savages  of  Nootka  Sound,  1815. 

Alsop,  Vincent,  d.  1703,  an  English  Nonconformist 
minister,  pnb.  some  Theolog.  Works,  Lon.,  1679-98,  the 
princip.al  of  which  was  a  witty  reply  to  Sherlock,  entitled 
Anti  Sozzo,  a  Vindication  of  some  Great  Truths  apposed 
by  W.  Sherlock,  Ac,  1675. 

"  Sherlock's  Discourse  concerning  the  knowledge  of  .Tesus  Christ, 
tending  to  Socinian  views,  and  m.arking  the  low  divinity  of  the 
times,  produced  two  valuable  replies — the  one  above  by  .\lsop.  and 
the  other  by  Edward  Polhill,  both  in  1675.  South  also  published 
animadversions." — BrcKERSTETn. 

"He  had  a  flowing  fancy,  and  his  wit  was  excellent." 

"  A  second  Alsop  for  polemic  skill.'" — DusTON. 
Alston,  Chas.,  1682-1760,  an  eminent  botanist  and 
rihysician,  "  is  to  be  looked  ujion  as  one  of  the  founders 
of'the  celebrity  of  the  Edinburgh  School  of  Medicine, 
acting  in  concert  with  Monro,  Rutherford,  Sinclair,  and 
Plummer."  He  wrote  a  number  of  works  on  Medicine 
and  Botany,  pub.  Edin.  1740-54.  Dr.  John  Hope  gives 
him  a  character  worthy  of  the  imitation  of  every  physician 
and  instructor  of  the  young. 

"  As  a  man,  he  was  candid,  upright,  and  sincere:  learned  in  bis 
profession,  .and  humane;  as  a  professor,  communicative,  and  know- 
ing no  greater  pleasure  than  to  form  the  minds  of  Ills  pupils  in 
such  a  manner  as  to  render  them  able  in  their  profession,  and 
useful  members  of  society." 


ALS 


AME 


Alston,  J.  W,     Treatise  on  Painting,  Lon.,  1804. 

Altham,  Arthur,  or  perhaps  Michael.  Vindication 
of  the  Ch.  of  EnglaDd,  against  the  Ch.  of  Rome,  Ac, 
1680;  and  other  controversial  works. 

Althan,  Roger,  D.D.   Sermons,  pub.  Lon.,  1712-32. 

Alton.     vSermon  on  Mark  iv.  9,  Lon.,  1767. 

Alton,  John  D',     Dermid,  Ac,  a  Poem,  Lon.,  1815. 

Aluredis,  Alredis.     See  Alfred  of  Beverly. 

Alves,  Robt.,  d.  1794,  a  Scottish  Poet  and  miscella- 
neous writer.  His  principal  work  is  the  Sketches  of  the 
History  of  Literature,  &c.,  Edin,,  1794. 

Alvcy,   Thos.     A  Medical  Work,  Lon.,  1680. 

Alynton,  Robt.  Libellus  Sophistjirum,  Lon.,  per  W. 
de  Worde,  1525,  4to. 

Dibdin  notices  five  editions  of  this  work ;  three  by  W. 
de  Worde,  and  two  by  Pynson, —  Ti/p.  Antiquities. 

Amand,  Geo,  St.  A  work  upon  Parliament,Lon.l725. 

Ambler,  Chas.  Reports  of  Chancery  Cases,  Ac., 
Lon.,  1790. 

"  This  vol.  consists  of  cases  in  Lord  Hardwioke's  time,  with  a 
f.'w  later  determiriatious  in  the  Court  of  Chancery,  and  fills  up 
the  time  between  Lord  Ilardwickeand  Lord  Thurlow.'*— Lowndes. 

Ambrose,  Isaac,  d.  1664.  In  1641  ho  joined  the 
Presbyterians,  having  been  one  of  the  King's  preachers. 
He  pub.  a  number  of  practical  religious  works,  Lon.,  1649- 
62.  He  has  many  devout  and  admirable  thoughts  j  bor- 
rows from  Bishop  Hall. 

"  The  Miniistrnticm  and  Communion  with  Angels  is  a  devotional 
and  edifvinj^  worit,  but  sometimes  faiu-ifuL" — BiCKEKSTETn. 
Looking  unto  Jesus,  1658. 

"■  Very  experimental  and  piacticaL  and  deserving;  a  devout  pe- 
rusal." 
Ambross,  Miss,  Life  of  Miss  Catlcy,  Ac,  Lon.,  1790. 
Amerie,  Robt.  Chester's  Triumph  in  Honour  of 
her  Priuce,  as  it  was  performed  upon  St.  George's  Day, 
1610,  in  the  foresaid  citie,  Lon.,  1610,  4to.  Sold  in  Dent's 
sale  for  £7.10.     Rhodes,  £8.12. 

Ames.     The  Double  Descent,  a  Poem,  Lon.,  1692. 
Ames,  Edwd.,    Bp.  of  Cork  and  Ross.    Pub.  sermons 
on  2  Sam.  xv.  11,  and  on  Heb.  xii.  14,  Lon.,  1682. 

Ames,  Fisher,  1758-1808,  born  in  Dedham,  Massa- 
chusetts, was  a  leading  statesman  during  the  administra- 
tion of  General  Washington.  Rev.  Dr.  Kirkland  published 
some  of  his  essays,  speeches,  Ac.  in  1809.  He  was  elected 
President  of  Harvard  College  in  1804.  but  his  ill  health 
obliged  him  to  decline  the  post.  His  speech  in  relation  to 
the  British  Treaty,  delivered  in  1796,  has  been  much  com- 
mended. He  drew  his  eloquence  from  the  best  source. 
"I  will  hazard  the  assertion,"  he  remarks, 

'*That  no  man  (.'Vit  did  or  ei'er  will  become  truly  eloquent,  with- 
out being  a  constant  reiider  of  the  Bible,  and  an  admirer  of  the 
purity  and  sublimity  of  its  language." 

The  Works  of  Fisher  Ames;  with  a  Selection  from  his 
Speeches  and  Correspondence,  edited  by  his  Son,  Seth 
Ames,  2  vols.  Svo.  with  portrait,  1854. 

*•  We  congratulate  the  public  on  possessing  the  works  of  one  of  so 
elevated  a  irenius  and  so  pure  a  fame,  in  a  form  which  must  satisfy 
the  most  fastidious  tast^." — CnjHstian  Examiner. 

"  These  volumes,  as  was  the  man.  are  an  honour  to  our  country ; 
and  they  will  be  extensively  read  by  old  men  and  young  men. 
especially  those  in  political  life  and  of  the  legal  profession.  The 
numerous  letters  in  the  first  volimae  are  rich  in  inforniation  relat- 
ing to  the  origin  and  early  history  of  our  government." — I^ortun^s 
G'Jzefie. 

"It  is  a  very  .substantial  addition  to  the  political  literature  of 
the  country." — W.  C.  Bry.ant. 

Ames,  Joseph,  1689-1759,  an  ironmonger  in  London, 
gained  deserved  celebrity  and  commendation  by  his  excel- 
lent Typographical  Antiquities ;  being  an  Historical  Ac- 
count of  Printing  in  England,  with  some  Memoirs  of 
our  ancient  Printers,  and  a  Register  of  the  Books  printed 
by  them  from  the  year  1471  to  1600;  with  an  Appendix 
concerning  Printing  in  Scotland  and  Ireland,  to  the  same 
time,  Lon.,  1749.  The  Rev.  Mr.  Lewis,  who  had  been 
collecting  materials  for  a  History  of  Printing  in  England, 
urged  Mr.  Ames  to  undertake  the  task.  The  latter  was 
unwilling  to  accede  to  this  proposition,  doubting  his  com- 
petency, and  being  aware  that  Mr.  Palmer  was  occupied 
with  the  same  design.  Mr.  Palmer's  work,  The  General 
History  of  Printing,  Ac,  appeared  in  1732,  and  so  much 
disappointed  the  expectations  of  those  conversant  with  the 
subject,  that  Mr.  Ames  determined  to  take  the  matter  in 
hand.  It  should  be  stated  that  Mr.  Palmer  did  not  live  to 
complete  his  book.  The  portion  relating  to  the  English 
printers  was  written  by  Ge<jrge  Psalmauaazar  of'  Formosa" 
celebrity :  the  Scotch  and  Irish  jirinters  were  not  noticed 
at  all.  Mr.  Ames  had  most  valuable  aid  in  his  undertak- 
ing. The  good  rector  of  Margate,  who  had  originally 
urged  him  to  the  task,  laid  his  "auld  warld"  collections  at 
his  feet     The  enthusiastic  John  Anstis,  Garter  King-at- 


arms,  that  '*  boast  of  heraldry,"  who  had  devoted  his  daya 
and  nights  to  poring  over  the  dusty  scrolls  of  antiquity, 

*"  Their  ample  page. 
Rich  with  the  spoils  of  time,  did  now  unroll" 
to  the  edification  and  vast  delight  of  our  learned  man  of 
iron.  That  prince  of  literary  baronets,  Sir  Hans  Sloane, 
permitted  him  to  labour  in  his  library  and  rest  in  his 
garden  ;  where,  after  dining  on  60,000  books  and  3500 
manuscripts,  he  could  gather  his  dessert  from  luscious  fruit- 
trees,  weighed  down  with  their  golden  burden. 

Lord  Orford's  library  was  at  his  command,  and  the  eru- 
dition of  many  friends,  ready  to  supply  knowledge,  to  cor- 
rect error,  and  to  suggest  improvement.  Mr.  Ames  him- 
self had  been  amassing  literary  treasures  for  a  quarter  of 
a  century.  We  can  imagine  with  what  gratification,  after 
the  traffic  of  the  day,  be  closed  his  doors  at  twilight's  firs' 
haze,  and  left  his  iron  for  his  books.  Surely  Dr.  Johnson 
was  right  when  he  said  that  the  happiest  life  in  the  world 
is  that  of  a  man  of  business  with  a  taste  for  literature! 
Always  in  his  library,  be  might  tire  even  of  his  books ;  but 
obliged  to  be  much  apart,  like  a  true  lover,  he  leaves  them 
with  regret,  and  hastens  to  them  with  delight.  In  1749 
the  Magnum  Opus  made  its  appearance.  For  the  times,  it 
was  a  good  book  ;  and  its  reception  was  truly  gratifying 
to  the  author.  It  told  pretty  much  what  was  then  known  ; 
but,  better  still,  it  set  literary  miners  to  work,  and  by  their 
researches  much  more  was  made  known. 

Ames  modestly  declares, 

"  I  do  also  ingenuously  confrss.  that  in  attempting  this  History 
of  Printing  I  have  undertaken  a  taslt  uiuch  too  great  for  my  abili- 
ties, the  extent  of  which  I  did  not  so  wfll  perceive  at  first.  ...  I 
have  at  least  cleared  away  the  rubbish,  and  furnished  materials 
towards  a  more  perfect  structure." 

Doubtless  much  of  its  merit  was  owing  to  our  friendly 
Garter,  who  tells  Ames  : 

"Use  no  ceremony  in  commanding  any  thing  in  my  power, 
(1737.)  .  .  .  You  may  without  any  apology  command  me,  for  I 
have  thought  it  my  duty  to  assist,  as  far  as  it  is  in  my  power,  all 
who  oblige  the  pulilic." — Anstis. 

Ames  would  put  down  his  questions  on  a  folio  sheet,  and 
Anstis  wrote  out  answers  for  him. 

Mr.  William  Herbert,  another  literary  man  of  business, 
was  so  fm-tunate  as  to  obtain  from  Sir  Peter  Thompson, 
Ames's  own  copy  of  his  work,  interleaved  with  a  great 
number  of  his  MS.  additions  and  notes.  Herbert  zealously 
devoted  himself  to  preparing  a  new  edition  of  the  Typo- 
graphical Antiquities.  He  published  volume  1st  in  1785. 
volume  2d  in  1786,  and  volume  3d  and  last  in  1790.  This 
was  a  considerable  advance  upon  the  original  work,  but 
much  was  yet  required  to  make  a  complete  History  of 
British  Typography.  The  great  objections  to  Herbert's 
volumes  are  their  dry  technicality  and  catalogue  stiff- 
ness. His  accuracy  and  laboriou.'^  perseverance  cannot 
be  too  much  commended  ;  but  we  want  more  in  a  book  than 
precision  and  fuithfulness.  We  want  a  volume  which  can 
be  read — not  merely  consulted. 

Now  of  all  Englishmen  who  have  ever  lived,  there  never 
was  a  man  better  suited  to  make  a  dry  study  attractive, 
and  a  learned  subject  plain,  than  Dr.  Dibdin  of  Roxburghe 
memory.  This  magician  could  with  his  pen  dress  up  a 
begrimed,  uncouth-looking  volume  in  more  attractive 
style  than  could  Grolier's  bimier  with  his  most  cunning 
tools.  Ho  could  convert  "  Belindas"  and  "  Almasas"  into 
Bibliomaniacs,  and  make  a  dry  catalogue  of  old  English 
poetry  more  attractive  than  the  last  novel.  It  was  but 
necessary  for  him  to  apply  the  epithets  "excessively  rare," 
or  "  exceedingly  curious,"  and  the  neglected  Caxton  in  your 
garret  would  buy  you  a  year's  clothing  for  your  household, 
and  the  old  family  Bible  would  defray  your  Christniaif 
festivities.  We  shall  have  more  to  say  of  him  in  bis  place. 
Now,  Dr.  Dibdin,  so  exactly  fitted  to  give  us  a  well-digested, 
accurately  arranged,  and  withal  readable  and  attractive. 
History  of  British  Typography,  undertook  the  task.  Our 
zealous  editor  gave  no  less  than  £42  for  the  interleaved 
Ames  wo  have  referred  to.  and  set  manfully  to  work  to  lee 
the  world  see  what  could  be  done  in  this  department.  In 
1810  the  first  volume  appeared,  supported  by  a  most  re- 
spectable subscription,  headed  by  Geo.  III.,  the  Dukes  of 
York  and  Kent,  and  eighteen  public  libraries.  The  2d 
volume  was  published  in  1812,  the  3d  in  1816,  and  the 
4th  in   1820. 

Ames,  Samuel.  See  Angell,  Joseph  K. 
Ames,  (Amesius,)  Wm.,  1576-1633, alearued  Puri- 
tan divine,  was  educated  at  Cambridge,  under  Dr.  Perkins. 
His  strictness  gave  offence  to  some  in  authority  at  his  col- 
lege, and  he  took  the  post  of  chaplain  in  tl  e  English 
church  at  the  Hague.  Afterwards  he  accepted  the  divinity 
chair  at  Francker  in  Fricsland,  which  he  filled  for  twelve 

67 


AME 


AND 


years.  His  works,  principally  casuistical  and  controver- 
sial, attracted  great  attention.  He  wrote  chiefly  in  Latin. 
Explicatio  Utriusque  Epistohe  St.  Petri,  Amsterd.,  1625, 
1635.     The  same  in  English,  Lon.,  IGil. 

"■  It  is  not  a  critical  work,  but  it  gives  a  very  accurate  analysis 
of  the  two  Epistles,  and  deduces  doctrinal  observations  from  theai. 
The  theolofrical  writers  of  that  age.  and  especially  the  Turitans. 
were  generally  more  remarkable  for  the  accuracy  of  their  logical 
reasoning,  than  for  their  critical  or  philological  speculations." — 
Orme:  Bibl.  Bib. 

'•The  productions  of  Ames  are  not  void  of  merit,  considering 
the  times  in  which  they  were  written." — Mosheim. 

*'  This  work  deduces  doctrines  and  practice  with  much  clearness. 
Ames's  are  valuable  writings,  both  on  practical  and  controversial 

subjects." — BiCKERSTETH. 

He  wrote  against  Dr.  Burgess,  Fresh  Suit  against  Cere- 
monies. &c,,  Lon.,  1633. 

"  Remote  from  danger,  he  hath  spoken  freely  against  the  ceremo- 
nies of  the  English  church." 

Lectiones  in  Omnes  Psalmos  Davidis,  Amst.,  1635  j 
Lon.,  1G47. 

*'  Many  excellent  thoughts  in  this  exposition." — Bickersteth, 

"  Ames  was  a  judicious  and  solid  divine." — Ed.  Leigh. 

Aiuesbury,  Joseph.  1.  Deformities  oi"  the  Spine 
Chest,  and  Limbs.  Luu.,  1S40.  4to.  2,  Fractures  of  the 
Trunk  and  Extremitiei?,  2  vols.  Svo. 

Anihurst,  Nicholas,  1706-1742.  was  connected  with 
Pulteney  and  Bolingbruke  in  the  management  of  The 
Craftsman.  He  was  expelled  for  libertinism  from  St. 
John's  College,  Oxf.,  and  in  revenge  satirized  lii.s  Alma 
Mater  in  his  Oculus  Britannire,  Lon..  1724;  and  the  Terras 
Filius,  nr  the  Secret  History  of  the  Universities  of  Oxford; 
1726.     He  puh.  some  other  works. 

Amner,  John.     Sacred  Hymns,  &o.,  Lon,,  1615. 

Amuer,  Richard,  1736-1S03,  a  dissenting  minister, 
remarkable  as  being  made  a  literary  butt  by  Geo.  Stevens, 
and  as  making  a  theological  butt  of  himself,  by  his  Essay 
on  the  Prophecies  of  Daniel,  had  charge  of  a  congregation 
at  Cosely,  in  Staffordshire.  Whilst  stationed  at  Hempstead, 
Stevens  wrote  some  immoral  notes  on  Shakspeare,  and 
subscribed  them  with  Amner's  name:  this  was  a  trick  ex- 
actly suited  to  George's  spirit  of  malignant  fun.  But  as 
Amner  survived  this  unkind  attack,  in  an  unhapjiy  mo- 
ment he  committed  suicide  by  publishing  some  theological 
crudities  which  have  perhaps  received  more  notice  than 
they  deserve.  T.  H.  Home  thus  belabours  poor  Amner: 
An  Essay  towards  the  Interpretation  of  the  Prophecies  of 
Daniel,  &c.,  Lon.,  1776: 

"  The  author  adopts  the  exploded  and  untenable  hypothesis  of 
Grotius,  (who  has  been  followt-d  by  Le  Clerc  and  others, >  that  all 
the  prophecies  of  Baniel  terminated  in  the  persecution  of  the  Jews 
by  Antiochus  iF-piphanes.  This  work  (which  is  noticed  onlv  to 
put  the  unwary  reader  on  his  guard  against  it)  was  i-eprinted  in 
179S,  with  some  other  tracts,  tending  to  show  that  certain  passages 
of  Scripture,  which  clearly  announce  a  future  resurrection,  relate 
to  nothing  more  than  a  mere  temporal  deliverance.  An  exposure 
of  some  of  this  author's  erroneous  notions  may  be  seen  in  the 
British  Critic.  0.  S..  vol.  xiii.  p.  29U-2%." 
'•  It  is  sometimes  ingenious,  but  not  successful."'-ORME :  BibLBib. 

Amory,  Thos*,  1701-1774,  an  English  Presbyterian 
minister  of  Arian  sentiments,  pub,  a  number  of  theolog. 
works,  1724-66. 

"  lie  was  much  conversant  with  ethics,  natural  and  experimental 
philosophy,  and  the  best  ancients,  especially  their  moral  writings." 
—Bioij,  Brit. 

Amory,  Thos.,  1691-1789,  a  humorous  writer,  pub- 
lished several  curious  works,  Lon.,  1755-56,  He  seems  to 
have  intended  a  portrait  of  himself  in  The  Life  and  Opi- 
nions of  John  Buncle,  Esq.,  1756-66,  2  vols. 

"  John  Buncle  is  the  English  Rabelais.  The  soul  of  Francis  Ra- 
belais passed  into  John  Amory.  the  author  of  the  Life  and  Adven- 
tures of  John  Buncle.  Both  wt-re  ])hysicians,  and  enemies  of  too 
much  gravity.  Their  great  busiuL'SS  was  to  enjoy  life.  Rabelais 
indulges  his  spirit  of  sensuality  in  wine,  in  diied  neats'  tongues, 
in  Bologna  sausages,  in  Uotorgas.  John  Buncle  shows  the  same 
symptoms  of  inordinate  satisfaction  in  bread  and  butter.  While 
Rabelais  roared  with  Friar  John  and  the  monks.  Johu  Buncle  gos- 
siped with  the  ladies.  &c.  &c." — Hiulitt's  Jtound  Tahk.,  vol.  i.,  p.  151. 

Memoirs  of  Several  Ladies  of  Great  Britain,  1755. 

"  We  are  thankful  for  the  opportunity  we  have  met  with  of 
forming  an  acquaintance  with  an  author  who  is.  at  the  same  time, 
a  deep  scholar  and  a  good  gentleman," — Ettrosp.  Rev.  vi.  100, 
which  see. 

Amos.     Panasophiae  Prodromus,  Lon,,  1639. 

Amos,  Andrew,  1.  Expediency  of  Admitting  Tes- 
timony uf  Parties  to  Suits,  Lon.,  8vo.  2.  Gems  of  Latin 
Poetry,  with  translations,  1851  and  '53,  Svo.  3.  Lectures 
on  the  Advantages  of  a  Classical  Education,  1846,  8vo.  4. 
Trial  of  Earl  and  Countess  of  Somerset  for  Poisoning, 
Svo,  5.  Kuins  of  Time  exemplified  in  Sir  Matthew  Hale's 
Hist  of  the  Pleas  of  the  Crown,  1856,  Svo.  See  Lon, 
Athen.,  14S9,  May  10,  1S56.  6.  In  conjunction  with  J, 
58 


Ferard,  Treatise  on  the  Law  of  Fixtures,  Lon.,  Svo;   2d 
Amer.  ed.,  by  Wm.  Hogan,  N.  York,  1855,  Svo, 

Amos,  J.     Letter  to  Ld.  Mayor  rel.  to  the  Poor,  Ac, 
1809-13. 
Amos,  Wm.     Agricultural  Works,  Lon.,  1794-1810. 
Amphlett,  Wm.,  dram,  antl  ])uet.  writer,  Lon.,  1796, 
Amsinck,  P.     Tunbridge  Wells,  &.c.,  Lon.,  1810. 
Am»  S«     Pref.  to  a  Memento  Eng,  Protestants,  Lon., 
1681. 
Amyand,  C.  Med.  Con.  to  Phil.  Trans..  Lon.,  170S-46, 
Amyot,  T.,  1776-1850.  Speeches  of  W.  Windham,  1S12, 
Auaya,  A.     Essay  on  Spanish  Literature,  Lon.,  1818. 
A  Treatise  on  the  Living  Languages,  Lon,,  1818. 
Anbury,  Thos.     Travels  in  America,  Lon.,  1789, 
AnceH,  S.  Bluckade  and  Siege  of  Gibraltar,  pub.  1784, 
AiU'horuii,  J.  Gate  of  Tongues  Unlocked,  Lon.,  1639, 
Aucram,  (Robt.  Kerr)  Earl  of,  a  favourite  of  King 
James  I.,  and  gentleman  of  the  Bed-chamber  to  Prince 
Charles,  was  the  author  of 

"A  short  but  very  pretty  copy  of  verses  to  Drummond  of  llaw- 
thornde'u." — II.  W^lpole. 

"  The  beautiful  and  sweetly  plaintive  sonnet  referred  to  by  Lord 
Orford,  and  the  interesting  letter  which  accompanied  it,  must  be 
considered  as  ornamental  to  this  or  to  any  publication." — Park'i 
Waljiole's  It.  d.  N.  Authors. 

Aucram,  £arl  of.  Description  of  some  Improvements 
in  the  Arms  and  Accoutrements  of  Light  Cavalry,  Trans. 
Ed.  11.  Sue.  X.  245.,  1805, 

Andersou,  Adam,  1692-1765,  for  forty  years  con- 
nected with  the  South  Sea  House,  was  author  of  the  His- 
torical and  Chronological  Deduction  of  Trade  and  Com- 
merce. First  ed.  in  2  vols,  fol.,  1762;  2d  ed.  in  1764; 
3d  ed.,  4  vols.  4toj  4th  vol,  by  a  new  hand,  1787-9  j  and 
4  vols.  4to,  1801, 

*•  We  congratulate  the  public  upon  the  appearance  of  so  ample 
and  valuable  a  treasure  of  real  knowledge,  collected  with  indefatiga- 
ble industry  from  almost  innumerable  authors." — Monthly  Review. 

Auderson,  i£neas.  Narrative  of  British  Embassy 
to  China  (Earl  Macartney's)  in  1792,  '93,  '94,  Lou.,  1795, 

"  This  narrative  of  Karl  Macartney's  Kmbassy  is  of  little  value  in 
comparison  with  that  of  Sir  G.  L.  Stauuton,  Bart." — Lowndes. 

Andersou,  Alex.,  a  native  of  Aberdeen.  Prof,  in  the 
University  of  Paris,  Supplementum  Apollonii  Rcdi- 
vivi,  Paris,  1612,  4to ;  Supplcmento,  Paris.  1615,  4to.  Ad 
Angularium  Sectiouum  Analyticen  Theoremata,  Ac., 
Paris.  1615,  4to;  Viudicite  Archimedis,  Paris,  1616,  4to. 
Exercitationum  Mathematicarum,  Dicas  Prima,  Paris, 
1619,  4to.     All  these  works  are  very  scarce. 

Andersou,  Alexander,  M.D.,  d.  1S13.  Account  of 
a  Bituminuus  Lake  or  Plain  in  the  Island  of  Trinidad ; 
Phil.  Trans.,  1789.  The  State  of  some  of  the  most  valu- 
able Plants  in  his  Majesty's  Botanic  Garden  in  the  Island 
of  St.  Vincent:  Trans,  of  Soc.  for  the  Encouragement  of 
Arts  and  Manufactures,  1798,  vol.  svi.  The  bread-fruit 
tree  of  Otahcite  is  described  in  this  paper,  for  which  he 
received  the  silver  medal.  Other  papers,  on  Cinnamon, 
Clove-Plant,  <tc. 

Anderson,  Ant.     Theolog.  works,  Lon.,  1573-81. 

Anderson,  C,  M.D,  Works  on  Mineralogy,  Lon,, 
1809-10. 

Anderson,  Christopher,  pastor  of  a  Baptist  church 
in  Edinburgh  from  18US  imtil  a  few  months  before  his 
death,  in  1851.  1,  On  the  Services  and  Design  of  the  Do- 
mestic Constitution,  1S26;  last  ed„  1847.  8vo,  2.  His- 
torical Sketches  of  the  Ancient  Native  Irish,  1828;  last 
ed.,  1846,  fp.  8vo,  3.  The  Annals  of  the  English  Bible. 
1S45,  2  vols.  Svo ;  2d  ed.,  with  Historical  Index,  1848,  2 
vols.  Svo ;  3d  ed.,  1855,  2  vols.  Svo.  By  far  the  best  book 
on  the  subject.  See  Cotton's  Editions  of  the  Bible,  «tc., 
ed.  to  1852,  x.,  xi.,  1,  n.,  39,  n.,  Ac.  4.  Singular  Hitroduc- 
tion  of  the  English  Bible,  1849,  Svo.  See  Life  and  Letters 
of  Kev.  Christopher  Anderson,  by  his  Nejihew.  1854.  Svo, 

Auderson,  D.  Fergus  II..  ISIO.  Ace.  of  Canada,  1S14, 

Auderson,  Sir  Edmund,  d.  1605.  was  Chief  Justice 
of  the  Common  Pleas  in  the  reign  of  Elizabeth.  Resolu- 
tions and  Judgments  in  all  the  Cases  and  Matters  agitated 
in  all  the  Courts  of  Westminster,  in  the  latter  end  of  the 
reign  of  Q.  Elizabeth,  Lon.,  1653.  Reports  des  Prineipalea 
Cases,  Ac,  Lon.,  1664. 

'•  He.  by  his  indefatigable  study,  obtained  great  knowledge  in  the 
Municipal  Laws.  .  .  .  In  158(i  he  sate  in  judgment  on  Mary  Quezon 
of  Scots.  .  .  .  being  then  a  learned  Man  of  the  Law." — WtMJiCa 
Athni.  Oxf'Ti. 

Anderson,  G.  M.     Abbey  of  St.  Denis,  1812, 
Andersou,  <»eo.  Remonstrance  against  Lord  BoUng- 
broke's  Philus.  Religion,  address,  to  Mallet,  1756. 
Anderson,  Goo.     Trans,  of  Arenarius,  Lon.,  1784, 
Andersou,  Geo.    On  Grapes;  Trans.  Hort.  Soc,  1S17. 
Anderson,  Henry.     The  Court  Convert. 


AND 

Anderson,  Henry.     Poemata.  Amst.,  1637. 

Autlersou,  Heury.     Scrm.  on  P:^.  Ixxiii.  25,  16S5. 

Anderson*  Dr.  Ileury  J.,  Prof.  Mathematics,  <tc. 
Culumbia  Coll.,  N.Y.,  lS2J-t3.  1.  Geology  of  Lieut 
Lynch's  Expedition  to  the  Dead  Sea.  2.  Geological  Re- 
connoissance  of  Part  of  the  Holy  Land,  IS-iS ;  pub.  by  U. 
States  Government. 

Anderson,  J.  S.  1.  Addresses,  Lon.,  12mo.  2. 
Cloud  of  Witnesses:  Discourses  on  Hebrews,  2  vols.  8vo. 
3.  Life  of  Moses,  12mo.  4.  History  of  the  Church  and 
the  Colonies,  2  vols.  Svo.  5.  Memoir  of  Mrs.  Chisholm, 
12mo.  6.  Sermons  at  Linculn's  Inn,  Mit-haelmas.  1S5U, 
Svo.  7.  Sermons  on  Elijah  and  Juhn  the  Baptist,  Svo. 
8.  Sermons  on  Various  Subjects,  Svo. 

Anderson,  J.  W.  The  manner  pointed  out  in  which 
the  Common  Pra\-er  was  read  in  private  by  the  late  Mr. 
Garrick,  1797.  The  incident  which  gave  rise  to  this  pub- 
lication is  no  doubt  known  to  many  of  our  readers.  See 
an  excellent  paper  on  the  proper  *'  reading  of  the  Common 
Prayer,"  Spectator.  No.  147.     See  Culb,  Richard. 

Anderson,  Jas.  Ane  godly  Treatis  calit  the  first  and 
second  Camming  of  Christ,  with  the  Tone  of  the  Winters- 
nycht.  1595,  Edin.,  be  Robt.  Smith.  Another  ed.  was 
printed  at  Edin.  by  Audro  Hart. 

Anderson,  Jas.  A  General  History  of  the  House  of 
Yvery,  Lon.,  1742.  Written  principally  by  the  first  Earl 
of  Egmontj  privately  printed;  edited  by  J.  Anderson. 

*•  Dear  and  covetable  is  the  possession  of  a  perfect  copy.  .  .  . 
It  ii:is  lont;  been  arcouiited  a  crack  article  in  the  most  finished  col- 
lection.   A  perfect  c  opy  runs  hard  upon  twenty  guineas."— DiBDlN. 

Royal  Genealogies,  or  the  Genealog.  Tables  of  Emperors, 
Kings,  and  Princes,  from  Adam  to  these  times,  folio,  Lon., 
1732. 

"The  most  useful  and  valuable  work  of  the  kind,  and  probably 
the  most  diflicult  and  laboriuus  one  ever  uiidertakun  by  author  or 
printer." — Mimh-^s  Scullish  Jiihlinl/ieca  Hetahlica. 

Anderson,  Jas-,  1662-1728,  a  distinguished  antiqua- 
ry, gained  great  credit  by  his  Historical  Essay  showing 
(hat  the  Crown  of  Scotland  is  Imperial  and  Independent, 
in  answer  to  Mr.  Atwood,  Edin.,  1705.  Atwood's  book  was 
burnt  by  the  common  hangman,  whilst  Anderson,  sur- 
rounded by  admiring  high  dignitaries,  received  the  thanks 
of  the  Parliamont  of  Scotland,  delivered  by  the  Lord 
Chancellor.  So  much  for  being  on  the  right  side  !  More- 
over. Parliament  encouraged  the  rejoicing  champion  of  the 
"  Imperial  Crown"  to  undertake  the  publication  of  a  col- 
lection of  the  Ancient  Charters  of  Scotland,  with  fac-similes 
of  the  seals  of  the  Scottish  Kings.  £300,  and  afterwards 
£1050,  (the  latter  it  is  said  was  never  paid,)  were  voted  to 
him  for  this  purpose.  This  work,  Selectus  Diplomatum  et 
Numismatum  Scotiae  Thesaurus,  &c.,  was  not  published 
until  1739,  eleven  years  after  the  author's  death.  Thomas 
Carte — the  laborious,  faithful,  ill-used  Thomas  Carte,  whose 
devotion  to  his  historical  labours  put  even  Dr.  Mangey  to 
the  blush — writes  in  1736  : 

'■  They  are  printinR  on  copper-plat^^s  Mr.  Anderson's  Collection 
of  the  Seals  of  the  Kinj^s  of  Scotland;  the  price  is  great,  being  six 
guineas." — Xicfiols's  Literary  Anecdotes. 

The  plates  were  engraved  by  Strutt. 

"  It  is  a  work  of  extreme  rarity  and  great  value." — Watt. 

"A  highly  valuably  and  useful  work.  The  introduction  by 
Kuddiman  was  afterwards  inadequately  translated,  and  published 
with  notes." — Lowndes. 

Collections  relating  to  the  History  of  Mary,  Queen  of 
Scotland,  Edin.,  1727-28,  4  vols.  4to. 

"  A  friend  of  mine  once  boujjht  a  copy  out  nf  sheets,  and  bound 
the  work  in  Uac!.'  morocco,  with  Wood-coloured  insides!  Such  was 
his  order  to  the  binder;  and  poor  George  Faulkeuer  was  that 
binder.-' — DlcDlN. 

Anderson,  Jas.  The  Constitution  of  Free  Masons, 
(tc,  Lon.,  1723.  Discovery  of  their  Ceremonies,  Lon., 
1725. 

Anderson,  Jas.     Sermons  pub.,  Lon.,  1714-20. 

Anderson,  Jas.,  M.D.  Med.  Works,  Lou.  and 
Madras.  1788.  &c. 

Anderson,  Jas.,  LL.D.,  1739-1808,  published 
many  works  upon  agriculture.  Lon.,  1771-1802.  He  was 
a  practical,  as  well  as  theoretical,  farmer,  having  1300 
acres  under  cultivation  in  Aberdeenshire.  He  qualified 
himself  for  usefulness  by  attending  the  chemical  lectures 
of  Dr.  CuUen,  whose  friendship  was  of  great  advantage 
to  him  in  his  pursuit  of  general  knowledge.  In  1790  he 
commenced  the  pub.  of  The  Bee,  (1790-94,  18  vols.)  con- 
sisting of  Essays  Philosophical  and  Miscellaneous.  Dr. 
A.  wrote  those  marked  Senex,  Timothy  Hairbrain,  Aici- 
biades,  and  many  others  without  signatures. 

'■Complete  sets  of  this  valuable  periodical  work,  in  which  Dr. 
Anderson  received  material  assistance  from  men  of  taste  and 
learning,  are  of  rare  occurrence.  It  was  printed  on  three  papers, 
coarse,  common,  and  fine." — Lowndes. 


AND 

Selections  from  his  Correspondence  with  General  Wui^h- 
ingtou,  in  which  the  causes  of  the  present  fcarcity  are 
fully  investigated.  Lon.,  1800. 

Anderson,  Jas.    Work  on  Yellow  Fever,  Edin.,  179S, 

Anderson,  Jas.     Con.  to  Ann.  of  Med..  1799. 

Anderson,  Jas.     Chain  Bridge,  Queensferry,  1818. 

Anderson,  Jas.  1.  Ladies  of  the  Covenant,  Lon., 
1851,  ]2mo.  2.  Ladies  of  the  Reformation,  2  vols.  p.  4to, 
1854-56. 

Anderson,  John.    Theolog.  Works,  Glasg.,  1711-14. 

Anderson,  John.  Sound  at  Elsineur:  the  Duties.  1771. 
Anderson,  John,  M.D..  1726-1796,  "an  English 
physician,  was  professor  of  Natural  Philosophy  at  Glas- 
gow for  41  years.  Five  editions  of  his  Institutes  of 
Medicine  (Glasg.,  1786)  were  pub.  during  his  lifetime." 
— Bio(j.  Univ.  He  also  pub.  Observations  on  Koraan  An- 
tiquities discovered  between  the  Frith  and  Clyde,  Edin., 
1800.  See  an  amusing  account  in  Boswell's  Life  of  John- 
son, of  a  tea-party  at  Glasgow,  where  Professors  Reid 
and  Anderson,  Johnson  and  Boswell,  and  the  Messieurs 
Foulis  discussed  their  bohea  together. 

Anderson,  John.     Med.  Works,  Lon.,  1787-95. 

Anderson,  John.  Account  of  a  Mission  to  the  East 
Coast  of  Sumatra  in  1823,  Ac,  Lon.,  1826. 

-'  It  was  one  great  object  of  our  author's  mission  to  create  a  de- 
sire among  the  people  for  British  and  Indian  manufactures;  and 
in  this  to  a  certain  extent  he  seems  to  have  succeeded.  .  .  .  Java 
and  Sumatra  have  given  birth  to  two  very  excellent  books,  every 
way  worthy  of  them — the  one  on  Java,  by  Sir  Stamford  Raffles; 
the  other  on  Sumatra,  by  Mr.  Marsden," — Quarterli/  MevieJiK 

Anderson,  John.  Chronicles  of  the  Kirk  ;  or  Scenes 
and  Stories  from  the  History  of  the  Church  of  Scotland 
from  the  Earliest  Period  to  the  Second  Reformation. 

*'  Its  gracefulness  and  brevity  give  it  much  adaptation  for  its 
purpose." — British  Quarterly  Eeview. 

Anderson,  M.     Ten  Discourses  on  Moses,  Lon.,  1S.S4. 

Anderson,  Patrick.  Jesuit.  Ground  of  the  Catholic 
and  Roman  Religion  in  the  word  of  God,  1623. 

Anderson,  Patrick,  M.D.  The  Colde  Spring  of 
Kinghorne  Craig,  Ac,  Edin.,  1618.  Rare,  sold  in  the 
Gordonstoun  sale  for  £1  lis.  6d.  Grana  Angelica,  Ac, 
Edin. ,1635.     Also  rare. 

Anderson,  R.     Rud.  of  Tamul  Grammar,  Lon.,  1821. 

Anderson,  Ralph,  Polit.  and  poet,  writer,  1797-1808. 

Anderson,  Robt.  Treatises  on  Gauging  and  Gun- 
nery. L(m.  1660-96. 

Anderson,  Robt.     Theolog.  works,  Lon.,  1834—46. 

Anderson,  Robt.,  M.D.,  1751-1830,  best  known  as 
the  editor  and  biographer  of  the  British  poets,  was  edu- 
cated at  the  University  of  Edinburgh,  in  which  city  he 
resided  for  the  last  forty  years,  devoted  to  literary  pur- 
suits. Life  of  Samuel  Johnson,  with  Critical  Observations 
on  his  Works.  Lon..  1795.  Life  of  Dr.  Smollett,  Edin., 
1803.  The  Works  of  the  British  Poets  j  with  Prefaces, 
Biographical  and  Critical,  1799,  13  vols.  He  edited  tho 
works  of  Dr.  Moore. 

"  He  also  made  numerous  contributions  to  various  publications, 
but  more  through  his  fondness  of  literature  than  any  love  of 
money.  His  correspondence  with  literary  men  was  extensive,  by 
whom  he  was  held  in  the  greatest  esteem,  not  more  for  his  talents 
than  the  frankness  of  his  temper,  and  the  warmth  of  his  heart." 

See  Nichols's  Illustrations  of  Literary  History,  vol.  vii., 
for  a  number  of  interesting  letters  between  Bishop  Percy 
and  Dr.  Anderson.  The  correspondence  was  commenced 
by  the  Bishop  as  follows: 

"Your  edition  of  the  Poets  of  Great  Britain  does  so  much 
honour  to  their  biographer  and  critic,  that  every  friend  to  litera- 
ture should  assist  his  candid  and  inirenious  labours:  this,  T  hnpp, 
will  serve  as  my  apology  for  addressing  a  letter  to  you,  without  a 
more  regular  introduction." 

"To  pood  old  Anderson,  the  poets  and  literature  of  the  country 
are  deeply  beholden." — Quartrrly  Hevieio. 

The  following  notice  of  some  of  Walter  Scott's  early 
essays  in  literature  will  interest  our  readers : 

"  An  inj^enious  friend  here  wished  to  avail  himself  of  the  oppor* 
tunity  to  submit  to  your  lordship's  inspection  one  or  two  of  his 
compositions  in  the  style  of  the  ancient  Scottish  ballad,  in  testi- 
mony for  his  hij^h  respect  for  your  character,  and  of  bis  gratitude 
to  tlie  f  ditor  of  '  The  Keliques.'  upon  which  he  formed  his  tiist*  for 
ballad-lhinkinii;  and  expression.  .  .  The  name  of  my  friend  is 
Walter  8cott,  Esq." — Anderson  tn  Percy. 

Anderson,  Riifus,  minister  of  Wenham,  Mass.  2 
Serm.  on  the  Fiisf,  1802.     Letters  on  Baptists,  1805. 

Anderson,  Thos.    Con.  to  Medical  Com.,  1774,  Ac. 

Anderson,  W.     Mercantile  Correspond.,  12mo,  N.  Y. 

Anderson,  Walter,  D.D.,  d.  ISOO,  for  fifty  years 
minister  of  Chirnside,  in  Scotland.  The  History  of 
Franco,  1769-75-83,  Lon.,  5  vols.  4to. 

••  In  that  ^'enius.  that  natural  discernment,  that  knowledfje  of 
the  wnrld,  which  are  so  absolutely  necessary  to  the  historian,  he  Is 
surprisingly  defective." — Neio  Oat.  nf  L.  Evglisli  Authfnt. 

''  A  heavy  compilation  of  very  little  value." — Ease's  Bi'^g.  J>ict. 

5» 


AND 

The  Philosophy  of  Anc.  Greece  investigated,  Eilin.,  1791. 
"  This  work  is  more  respectable  in  point  of  matter.  It  is  fuller 
than  the  work  of  Stanley  on  the  same  subjeot,  and  less  extensive 
ind  prolix  thiin  that  of  Brueker."— 0>nt.  il.ig. 

Anderson,  Wm.,  Chap.  E.  India  Co.   4  Serms.,  ITOS. 

Anderson,  Wm.  Uaaiilton  and  Douglas  Case,  ed.li  OS. 

Anderson,  Wm.     Stackinf;  Corn,  1816. 

Anderson,  Wm.     See  Med.  Com.  and  Phil.  Traus., 

17f6-"S.  .       .,         ,„.r 

Anderson,  Wm.     The  Eusuian  tmpire,  Lon.,  Iblo. 

Anderson,  Wm.     See  Trans.  Hort.  goc.,  1817. 

Anderson,  Wm.    Lon.  Commertial  Diet.,  Lon.,  18ib. 

Anderson,  William,  LL.Il..  h.  1800,  at  Kilsyth, 
Scotland,  a  popular  preacher  of  Glasgow.  Discourse  on 
Regeneration,  12mo.  Discourses  on  Various  Suhjects, 
12mo.     Lectures  on  the  Mass,  Popery,  Ac. 

Anderson,  William.  Landscape  Lyrics,  Lon.,  18u9, 
12mo.  Gilt  for  all  Seasons,  lS4:i,  12mo.  Author  ol  His- 
torical Memoirs  of  British  newspapers  in  Fraser's  Mag., 

1838-39.  ,  „  ,    r  AT 

Anderson,  W.  J.  1.  Causes  and  Treatment  of  Ner- 
vous Aflections,  Lon.,  p.  8vo.  2.  Treatment  of  Diseases 
of  Pregnancy,  p.  8vo.  , ,.  .    j  j 

Anderton,  or  Anderson,  Jas.,  puhlished,  under 
the  name  of  John  Brerely,  in  1604,  The  Apology  of  Pro- 
testants for  the  Roman  Religion.  This  was  answered  by 
Morton's  Appeal,  1606.  Anderton's  2d  ed.  and  rejoinder 
appeared  in  1608.  Translated  into  Latin  hy  Reynos  in 
]61.'i.  A  Treatise  on  the  Mass.  Religion  of  St.  Augustine, 
Latin,  Cologne,  1620. 

Anderton,  l^awrence,  also  a  Lancashire  man,  a 
Jesuit      Treati.se  on  the  Origin  of  Catholics  and  Protest- 
ants, Rouen,  1632.     The  Triple  Cord,  St,  Omer,  1634. 
Andever,  Lord.     Two  Speeches,  1641. 
Andre,  J.  W.     Brit,  Eclogue  for  1805  ;  a  Poem,  1805. 
Andre,  Major  John,  a  talented  and  amiable  young 
British  officer,  well  known  for  his  unfortunate  end,  having 
been  e.xecuted  as  a  spy,  Oct.  2,  1780,  during  the  Revolu- 
tionary war  of  the  U.  States  of  N.  America.     He  was  the 
autlior  of  the  Cow  Chase,  an  heroic  poem  in  three  cantos, 
pub.  in  Lon.  in  1781. 

"It  wa,s  ori'iuallv  pub.  in  Rivinstoa's  Eoyal  Gazette.  N.  Tork, 
in  the  mornins  of'the  dav  on  which  Andre  was  taken  prisoner. 
The  last  stanza,  intended  to  ridicule  Gen.  Wayne  for  his  &Uure  in 
an  attempt  to  collect  cattle  for  the  army,  is  this: 
»  And  now  I've  closed  my  epic  strain; 
I  tremble  as  I  show  it. 
Lest  this  same  warriorKlrover  Wayne 

Should  ever  ailch  the  Poet !'  "—Allfn's  Biog.  Diet. 

Andre,  Wm.    Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1782-84. 
Andreas,  B.     Serm.  on  6th  Chapiter  Song  Sol.,  Lon., 

158li. 

Andree,  John,  Surgeon  and  Teacher  of  Anatomy, 
London,  pub.  many  profess,  treatises,  Lon.,  1737-78.   ^ 

Andree,  R.  J.  Vocabulary  in  6  Languages,  Lon.,  1^25. 

Andrescoe.     Sermons,  1581. 

Andrew,  Dr.     Theolog.  Treatise,  Lon.,  1735. 

Andrew,  Jas.     Astronomical  Tables,  Lon.,  1810. 

Andrew,  Jas.,  1773-1833.     Insti.  of  Grammar,  1817. 

Andrcwe,  Thos.  The  Unmasking  of  a  Feminine 
Machiavcll.     Esc  nobis  valuisse  satis,  Lon.,  1604. 

"  A  poetical  tract  of  little  value,  containing  a  description  of  the 
battle  at  Newport."— Lowndes. 


Andrewes,  B.     See  Andreas,  B. 

Andrewes,  Gerard,  1750-1825,  Dean  of  Canterbury, 
refused  the  Bishopric  of  Chester— a  clergyman  of  exem- 
plary piety.  A  Serm.  pub.  1798.  Do.  pub.  1803;^  and 
Borne  Lectures  in  the  publication  called  "Onesimus." 

Andrewes,  Geo.  Dictionary  of  the  Slang  and  Cant 
Languages,  Lon. 

Andrewes,  Thos.     Serm.  1  Pet.  ii.  li ;  Rom.  xiv. 

Andrewes,  Thos.     Rates  and  Tables,  Bristol,  1787. 

Andrews,  D.     Letter  to  Dr.  Wakefield,  Lon.,  1794. 

Andrews,  Eliza.     The  MSS.  of  Virtudo,  1801.     The 

Beauties  of  Sturm's  Reflections.  ,_„»,„,„    v      . 

Andrews,  Ethan  Allen,  LL.D.,  1787-1858,  b.  at 

New  Britain,  C<inn.,  graduated   .at  Yale  Coll.,  1810,  Prof. 

of  Ancient  Languages  Univ.  N.  Carolina,  1822-28.^    Ho 

succeeded   Mr.  Jacob  Abbott  as   Principal   of  the  Young 

Ladies'  School  of  Boston,  and  was   Senior  Editor  of  the 

Religious  Mag.  in  connexion  with  Jacob  and  John  S.  C. 

Abbott,      The   Latin   works  of  Dr.  Andrews  are :    First 

Latin  Book  ;  Latin  Reader;   ViriRomie;    Latin  Lessons ; 

Andrews  and  Stoddard's  Latin  Grammar;    Synopsis  of 

Latin  Grammar;  Questions  on  the  Latin  Grammar;  Latin 

Exercises;  Key  to  Latin   Exercises;    Exercises  in  Latin 

Etymology;  Ca;sar's  Commentaries;  Sallust;  Ovid;  Latin 

60 


AND 

Dictionary.  His  most  elaborate  work  is  his  Latin-English 
Lexicon  ;  a  condensed  trans.,  with  alteratioiis,  of  the  Wor- 
terbuch  der  Lateinischen  Sprache  of  Dr.  -Wilhelm  Ireund. 
At  the  time  of  his  death  he  was  engaged  in  revising  a  new 
ed.  of  the  above  work,  which  will  be  completed  by  his 
family.     See  Ainswobth,  Robert.        ^     .        .  „, 

Andrews,  G.  H.  Agricultural  Engineering.  The 
Practical  Farmer ;  Modern  Husbandry,  Lon.,  1854,  8vo. 

Andrews,  Geo.  Reports  of  Cases  Court  K.  Bench 
in  the  11  .and  12  years  of  Geo.  IL,  2d  ed.,  with  notes,  and 
an  appen.  cent,  additional  cases,  by  G.  W.  Vernon,  Dub., 

1791.  ,  ,  .   . 

"  Many  of  the  cases  contained  in  these  Report.s  are  also  reported 
by  Strau-e.  and  in  cases  tempore  Lord  Ilardwicke.  Andrews, 
however,  has  usually  given  a  fuller  and  more  satistjwtory  repori 
of  these  cases  than  is  found  in  reports. .f  tlie  .samepeTiod  Ili.i 
reports  are  '  accurate,  judicious,  and  salisCictr.ry.'  The  1st  ed  was 
in  fob.  1754.  See  Wallace's  Reporters,  til,  2d  ed."— itfcirmn  s  Legal 
Biiliffiraphy.  _  i-n..    loio 

Andrews,  H.  C.     Botanical  works,  Lon.,  179b-181A 
Andrews,  G.  P.     Tables  of  Rates  and  Taxes,  1815. 
Andrews,  J.    Love  and  Chastity.    A  Poet.  Ess.,  1760. 
Andrews,  J.  Petit,   1737-1797,   a  London  magis- 
trate, and  miscellaneous  writer.    His  principal  works  were, 
1.  Anecdotes,  .\ncient  and  Modern,  Lon.,  1789. 
"  An  amusing  and  humorous  colleciion." — Low.\des. 
"  A  person  of  extensive  rcadiuK,  who,  with  judicious  selection, 
and  good  taste,  keeps  a  common-place  book,  and  afterwards  com- 
municates the  contents  to  the  public,  certainly  merits  the  grateful 
acknowledgments  of  those  who,  at  so  cheap  a  rate,  and  in  so  easy 
a  manner,  are  furnished  with  rational  entertainment;  the  fruit  ot 
many  years'  attention,  and  much  labour,  on  the  part  of  the  com- 
piler        Mr.  Andrews  seems  in  his  preface  to  be  apprehensive 
that  his  compilement  mi.;ht  meet  with  an  ungracious  reception 
from   the  reviewers.     Surely  his  fears  were  groundless!     Ihose 
critics,  we  conceive,  must  be  very  ill-natured  who  could  snarl  at 
the  well-intended  offer  of  a  book,  by  no  means  iU-calculated  for 
their  entertainment."— ion.  Mmthly  Revievi. 

We  might  say  much  in  praise  of  good  compilations  of 
anecdotes  and  anu,  but  wo  shall  prefer  to  quote  a  higher 
authority  than  our  own  : 

'■  I  love  anecdotes.  I  fancy  mankind  may  come,  in  time,  to 
write  all  aphoristicallv,  exce|it  a  narrative;  grow  weary  of  prepa- 
ration, and  connection,  and  illu.stration,  and  all  those  arts  by 
which  a  big  hook  is  made.  If  a  man  is  to  wait  till  he  weaves 
anecdotes  into  a  system,  we  may  be  long  in  getting  them,  and  got 
but  few,  in  comparison  of  what  we  mijht  get."— DR.  JoUNSON. 

2.  The  History  of  Great  Britain  connected  with  the 
Chronology  of  Europe,  with  Notes,  Ac,  containing  anec- 
dotes of  the  times,  lives,  &c.  of  the  learned,  and  speci- 
mens of  their  works,  Lon.,  1794-95. 

"  In  the  work  before  us  we  have  the  history  of  all  authors  most 
interesting  to  a  Briton,— that  of  his  own  country,  treated  on  a 
new,  and,  we  think,  an  excellent  plan.  .  .  Mr,  Andrews  s  style  is, 
in  general,  well  adapted  to  his  subject;  perspicuous,  though  con- 
cise, and  at  once  elegant  and  nervous.  .  .  W  hen  his  plan  is  com- 
pleted, he  will  have"supplied  a  desideratum  in  English  literature, 
bv  givio"  witliin  a  reasonable  compass,  and  connected  with  tlie 
events  of  neighbouring  states,  the  history  of  Great  llritain.  si- 
lected  with  jud'ment.abrid-'ed  witli  accur.acy,  enriched  with  erudi- 
tion, and  occasionallv  eiiil.ellisli.d  with  wit."— Lon,  Mmthly  Eniew. 
"  The  Notes  to  this  \aluaMe  hist..rical  work  contain  a  great  va- 
riety of  curious  and  amusing  particulars." — Lowndes. 

3.  A  Continuation  of  Henry's  History  of  Great  Britain, 
Lon.,  1796.  ,    .    ,, 

The  plan  of  Dr.  Henry's  History  was  most  admirable, 
and  we  are  not  surprised  that  Mr.  Andrews  should  have 
followed  so  good  a  model.  We  shall  dwell  more  at  large 
upon  the  advantages  of  this  arrangement  in  the  proper 
place.  {See  Henrv,  RoBT.)  Dr.  Henry's  work  concluded 
with  the  .accession  of  Henry  VIII.  Mr.  Andrews  continued 
the  history  to  the  accession  of  James  I.  The  hope  ex- 
pressed, by  a  reviewer  of  the  work,  "  that  the  author's 
health  and  spirits  would  enable  him  to  complete  the  un- 
dertJiking,  and  to  bring  it  down  to  the  present  time,"  (1797,) 
was  disappoiuted.  The  author  "  rested  from  his  many 
useful  labours"  within  six  months  from  the  date  of  tho 
expression  of  this  hope.  See  Obituary.  Gent.  Mag.,  Sept., 
1797.  Having  long  ardently  desired  the  appearance  of  a 
complete  History  of  England,  <iml  the  Eiiijl!i>h—ot  tho 
people  as  well  as  their  kings — of  tho  customs  of  the  fire- 
side, as  well  as  the  intrigues  of  the  court — we  acknowledge 
with  gratitude  the  accomplishment  of  our  wish  in  the 
Pictfirial  History  of  England  pub.  by  Charles  Knight,  one 
of  the  first  literary  hcnelactors  of  the  age.  This  excellent 
work  is  arranged  upon  Henry's  plan,  with  advantages 
which  neither  Henry  nor  any  one  man  could  have  secured. 
We  entirely  concur  with  tlie  intelligent  eulogium  of  the 
Edinburgh  Review,  that  it  is  tho 

"  Very  thing  required  by  Ihe  popular  ta.ste  of  the  present  day, 
[by  the"erudite  judgment  as  well,  we  should  have  added:]  adding 
to'the  advantage  of  a  clear  historical  narrative,  all  the  varied  illu* 
trations  of  which  the  subject  is  capable." 


AND 


ANG 


Andrews,  John,  called  by  Wood  "A  painful  Preacher 
of  Crod's  Word,"  pub.  a  number  of  religions  worlis,  (Ana- 
tomies of  Basenesse,  &c.,)  Lon.,  1615-45. 

Andrews,  John.     Serm.  on  Peter  iv.  11,  1744. 

Andrews,  John,  hydrographer,  pub.  an  Atlas  Sur- 
vey, Ac.,  1797-lSOS. 

Andrews,  John.  Scripture  Doctrine  of  Grace,  in 
answer  to  Bishop  Warburton,  1763.  For  some  curious 
letters  between  Warburton  and  Andrews,  see  Nichols's 
Literary  Anecdotes,  vol.  v.  620.  Sermons  on  the  most 
important  subjects,  1814. 

"  Being  a  strict  and  serious  man,  and  carrying  his  notions  of 
grace  pretty  high  in  the  above-noticed  publication,  he  was  called 
a  Methfdixt.  Archlip.  Heclter  had  ever  a  good  opinion  of  him,  and 
afterwards  preferred  him  in  Kent.  Though  Bp.  Warburton  did 
not  give  him  the  living  in  Gloucestershire,  yet  he  calls  himself 
his  patron." — Dr.  LorCs  MS. 

Andrews,  John,  LL.D.,  1736-1809,  a  voluminous 
historical,  political,  and  miscellaneous  writer,  pub.  in  Lon., 
1773-1807.  His  History  of  the  War  with  America,  France, 
Spain,  and  Holland,  1755-1783,  was  chiefly  compiled  from 
the  public  prints,  and  the  proceedings  of  the  House  of 
Commons. 

"In  some  circumstances  we  think  the  author  has  not  been  fully 
informed,  but  these  are  few.  InipartiaUty  seems  to  have  been 
much  attended  to." — Lon.  Monthlif  Eei'kw. 

Andrews,  John,  D.D.,  1746-181.3,  Provost  of  thi 
Univer.  of  Pennsylvania,  was  an  Episcopal  clergyman, 
and  a  scholar  of  considerable  attainments.  He  pub.  Ele- 
ments of  Logic,  and  a  sermon. 

Andrews,  Capt.  Jos.  Journey  from  B.  Avrcs,  Ac, 
Lon.,  1827,  2  vols. 

"  A  clear  and  sensible  work,  containing  much  valuable  informa- 
tion."— Lowndes. 

Andrews,  Lancelot,  1555-1626,  successively  Bishop 
of  Chichester,  Ely,  and  Winchester,  was  a  native  of  Lon- 
don. He  was  educated  at  IVIerchant-Tailor's  School  and 
Pembroke  Hall,  Camljridge.  The  Church  of  England  con- 
tains  no  name  more  truly  venerable  than  that  of  this  good 
prelate.  For  polish  and  suavity  of  manners  he  was  excelled 
by  no  gentleman  of  the  court;  in  piety,  by  no  anchorite 
of  better  times  and  purer  days.  In  the  discharge  of  all 
the  duties  of  religion,  he  so  walked  as  to  be  an  illustrious 
exemplar  to  his  flock  and  to  the  church  of  God.  James  I. 
had  so  high  an  opinion  of  his  abilities,  that  he  employed 
him  to  answer  Bellarmine's  Treatise  against  his  own  De- 
fence of  the  Right  of  Kings.  He  was  also  a  favourite 
with  Charles  I.  Casaubon,  Cluverius,  Vossius,  Grotius, 
Peter  du  Moulin,  Barclay,  and  Erpenius  were  among  his 
correspondents.  Lord  Clarendon  regrets  that  ho  was  not 
raised  to  the  primacy  on  the  death  of  Archbishop  Bancroft. 
Thus  respected  in  life,  he  was  not  less  honoured  at  his 
death,  by  a  Latin  elegy  from  the  author  of  Paradise  Lost. 
He  wrote  a  number  of  works,  pub.  1589-1610,  and  some 
others  were  made  public  after  his  decease.  His  Manual 
of  Devotion  in  Greek  and  Latin,  was  translated  by  Dean 
Stanhope,  and  has  been  frequently  reprinted.  He  was  one 
of  the  translators  of  the  authorized  version  of  the  Holy 
Scriptures,  for  which  duty  ho  was  well  qualified :  "a  scholar, 
and  a  ripe  and  good  one,"  he  had  the  credit  of  understand- 
ing fifteen  languages.  We  are  less  surprised  at  the  holy 
character  of  this  good  man,  when  we  are  informed  that 
ho  devoted  several  hours  each  day  to  private  prayer.  Thus 
he  drew  his  strength  from  an  unfailing  fountain,  and  his 
wisdom  from  the  "  Father  of  Lights." 

"  This  is  that  Andrews,  the  ointment  of  whose  name  is  sweeter 
than  spices!  This  is  that  celebrated  Bishop  of  Winton,  whose 
learning  King  James  admired  .above  all  his  chaplains  1"—Hacket. 

Fuller  calls  him  a  "peerless  prelate,"  and  tells  us  in  his 
own  style  of  quiet  humour: 

"  Ife  was  an  inimitable  preacher  in  his  way :  and  such  pla"-iaries 
who  have  stolen  his  sermons  could  never  ste.al  bis  preaching,  and 
could  make  nothing  of  that  whereof  he  made  all  things  as  he  de- 
sired. Pious  and  pleasant  Bishop  Felton  (his  contemporary  and 
colleague)  endeavoured  in  vain,  in  his  sermons,  to  assimilate  bis 
stylo ;  and  therefore  said  merrily  of  hunself,  '  I  had  almost  marred 
my  own  natural  trot,  by  endeavouring  to  hnitate  his  artificial 
amble.  " 

"  His  life  was  a  life  of  prayer :  a  great  part  of  five  hours  evcrv 
day  did  he  spend  in  prayer  and  devotion  to  God."— Bisuop  Bccke- 
KiDOE :  Funeral  Sermtm  on  Bp.  Andreii's. 

■■  He  was  so  .skilled  in  all,  that  the  world  wanted  learning  to 
know  how  learned  he  was." — Fuller. 

"  Indeed,  he  was  the  most  apostoliial  and  primitive-like  divine, 
in  my  opinion,  that  ever  wore  a  rochet,  in  his  age;  of  a  most  vene- 
rable gravity,  and  yet  most  sweet  in  all  commerce;  the  most  dfr 
vout  that  eier  I  saw  when  be  appeared  before  God;  of  such  a 
Krowth  in  all  kinds  of  learning,  that  very  able  clerks  were  of  low 
stature  to  him.  ...  In  the  pulpit,  a  Ilomer  among  preachers" 
—Be.  IIacket:  i./e  of  Williams. 

Bp.  Andrews  has  the  credit,  or  discredit,  as  tastes  vary, 
&f  being  the  father  of  the  qiiainl  school  of  composition,  of 


which  Donne  is  one  of  the  most  prominent  specimens. 
His  Posthumous  and  Orphan  Lectures  have  been  greatly 
admired. 

"  A  theological  student  will  do  well  to  make  himself  acquainted 
with  his  writings.  There  is  frequently  a  force  and  vividness  in 
his  language,  a  picturesqueness  in  his  way  of  exhibiting  the  subject, 
a  point  in  his  expressions,  and  a  harmony  in  his  periods,  that  we 
shall  vainly  seek  in  the  more  sober  and  popular  divines  of  thn 
succeeding  schools.  His  sermons  contain  a  rich  mine  of  wisdom 
and  erudition." 

This  M.anual  is  composed  of  sentences  from  the  Sacred 
Scriptures,  and  extracts  from  the  fathers.  It  was  com- 
piled for  his  own  use,  (prseces  privata:,)  and  was  found 
after  his  death  *'  worn  in  pieces  by  his  fingers,  and  wet 
with  his  tears." 

"  When  thou  hast  bought  the  book,  enter  into  thy  closet  and 
shut  the  door,  pray  with  Bishop  Andrewes  for  one  week,  and  he 
will  be  thy  companion  for  the  residue  of  thy  years;  he  will  be 
pleasant  in  thy  life,  and  in  thy  death  he  will  not  forsake  thee." — 
Stanhope. 

"  It  is  a  compact  and  ably-executed  -selection;  without  the  con- 
straint of  a  precise  form,  it  presents  a  rich  collection  of  materials 
for  prayer;  and  whether  as  an  enchiridvm  of  devotional  aspira- 
tions, a  guide  to  self-examination,  or  an  aid  to  pious  reflection,  it 
will  be  found  of  great  utility." 

The  good  bishop's  motto  was — 

"  And  who  is  sufficient  for  these  things?" 

Andrews,  Loring,  d.  1805,  was  editor  successively 
of  The  Herald  of  Freedom,  Boston  ;  The  Western  Star, 
Stockbridge ;  and  in  1803  he  established  The  Charleston 
Courier,  a  paper  of  considerable  reputation, — Allen's 
Bior/.  Diet. 

Andrews,  M.  VV.     On  Lunar  Caustic,  Lon.  1807. 

Andrews,  Peter  Miles,  d.  1814,  son  of  a  London 
merchant,  wrote  a  number  of  dramatic  pieces.  Perhaps 
the  title  of  one  will  satisfy  our  readers,  and  cause  them  to 
excuse  the  rest  of  the  catalogue  :  The  Ilarou  Kinkver- 
VANKOTSDORSPRAKENGOTCHDERN,  1781.  After  the  perform- 
ance of  the  Baron,  an  extensive  maxillary  dislocation  of 
the  members  of  the  dramatic  corps  need  not  excite  sur- 
prise. The  Biographia  Dramatica  gives  Mr.  Miles  this 
cruel  blow — 

"This  gentleman  is  ...  a  dealer  in  gunpowder ;  but  his  works, 
in  their  effect,  by  no  means  resemble  so  active  a  composition,  be- 
ing utterly  deficient  in  poiut  of  force  and  splendour." 

Andrews,  R.  Work  against  Transubstantiation,  1755. 

Andrews,  or  Androse,  R.  Trans,  from  Italian  of 
last  book  of  Alexis'  Secret,  Lon.,  1578. 

Andrews,  R.  G.aol  of  Newgate  Unmasked,  Lon.,  1809. 

Andrews,  R.     Virgil  Englished,  1766,  etc. 

Andrews,  .S.     Obedience  to  Divine  Kule,  1786. 

Andrews,  Stephen  Pearl,  b.  1812,  in  Mass.  Com- 
parison of  the  Common  Law  with  the  Roman,  French,  or 
Spanish  Civil  Law  on  Entails  and  other  limited  property  in 
Real  Estate.  Phonographic  Class  Books.  Phonographic 
Reader.  Phonographic  Reporter,  &c.,  pub.  J.  F.  Trow.N.  Y. 
Science  of  Society,  N.  Y.,  12mo.  Love,  Marriage,  and  Di- 
vorce, N.  Y'.,  12mo.  French,  with  or  without  a  Master,  N.  Y., 
12mo.   Contributor  to  the  London  Times  and  other  journals. 

Andrews,  T.     Vindication  of  Ch.  of  England,  1799. 

Andrews,  Thos.     Sermon  on  Matt.  v.  20,  1717. 

Andrews,  Thos.  Inquiry  reh  to  T.  Eccleston's  Re- 
ply, Lon.,  1709.  Serm.  on  Prov.  iv.  10-14,  1712.  On 
John  i.  14,  1731. 

Andrews,  W.  E.     Review  of  Fox's  Book  of  Martyrs. 

Andrews,  Wm.     Serm.  on  John  i.  46,  47,  Lon.,  1638. 

Andrews,  Wm.     Year  Books,  Ac.  Lon.,  1656-83. 

Andrews,  Wm.     .Iddre^s  to  the  Public,  1774. 

Andros,  JSdmund,  d.  1714,  Governor  of  New  Eng- 
land and  other  States  of  America.  A  Narrative  of  his 
Proceedings  in  New  England,  in  1G91  ;  republished  1773. 

Androse,  R.     See  A.ndrews. 

Aneley,  Samuel.     See  Annesley. 

Angas,  (i.  F.  1.  Illustrations  of  New  Zealand,  1847, 
fol.  2.  Illustrations  of  South  Australia,  1847,  fol.  3.  Il- 
lustrations of  the  KaflSrs;  or.  Port  Natal,  1849,  fol.  4. 
Rambles  in  Malta  and  Sicily,  1842,  r.  8vo.  6.  Savage  Life 
ami  Scenes  in  Australia;  2  vols.,  2d  ed.,  1847,  p.  8vo.  6. 
Views  of  the  Australian  Gold-Fields,  1852.  r.  4to. 

Angel,  or  Angell,  John,  d.  1655,  of  Magdalen  Hall, 
Oxf.,  after  "  taking  the  degrees  in  Arts  and  Holy  Orders, 
became  a  frequent  and  painful  preacher." —  Wood's  Athen. 
Oxon.  He  was  a  Nonconformist.  The  Right  Government 
of  the  Thoughts,  Lon.,  1659.     Four  Sermons,  1659. 

"  He  shone  as  a  burning  light,  until  God  translated  him  to  shine 
above  as  a  Star  forever." — T.  B. 

"  As  his  name  was  Angell,  so  he  was  a  man  indeed  of  Angelical 
understanding  and  Holiness,  a  burning  and  shining  Light."— Thos. 
Case. 

Angel,  John.     History  of  Ireland,  Dub.,  1781. 
Angell,  John.     An  Essay  on   Prayer,   Lon.,   1761. 

61 


ANG 


ANN 


Stenography,  or  Short-Hand  Improved.  Lon.,  1759.  His 
system  is  described  as  '*  complex  and  difficult."  I>r.  John- 
son wrote  the  preface  to  the  work. 

Augell,  Joseph  K.,  1794-1857,  b.  Providence,  R.  I., 
graduated  at  Brown  Univ.,  1813.  Treatise  on  the  Com- 
mon Law  in  Relation  to  Water-Courses,  with  an  Appendix 
containing  the  principal  adjudged  cases  and  forms  of  de- 
claration ;  3d  ed.,  Boston,  1840  ;  4th  ed..  1850  ;  5th  cd.,  Svo. 

"  The  law  in  relation  to  water-courses  is  becoming  daily  of  in- 
creasinf?  importance,  and  Mr.  Anpell.  in  his  work,  has  commend- 
ably  discussed  the  subject.  Local  le;xislation  has  altered,  in  many 
of  the  States,  the  common  law  ^el.^tive  to  water-courses,  but  this 
dnes  not  preclude  the  necessity  in  many  cases  of  resorting  to  well- 
settled  principles,  in  order  to  expound  these  legislative  acts.  \o 
intelli^c-ut  lawyer  can  well  practise  without  Mr.  Angell's  treatise 
on  water-courses." — 3  A>«('s  Oxm.  4o3. 

United  States  Law  Intelligencer  and  Review,  Providence, 
182S-31,  3  vols.  Treatise  on  the  Rightof  Property  in  Tide 
Waters,  Boston,  1826;  2d  ed.,  1847. 

"The  only  regular  treatise  upon  this  branch  of  the  law.  besides 
the  one  under  consideration,  is  Lord  Hale's  De  jure  Maris  et  Bra- 
chiorum  ejusdem.  Mr.  Angell  has  furnished  the  profession,  in  the 
present  publication,  with  a  work  that  was  much  needed.  He  has 
collected  the  materials  for  his  book  with  great  industry,  from  a  var 
riety  of  sources  that  are  not  generally  accessible,  and  his  work  is 
a  valualib-  contribution  to  our  jurisprudence." — Marviii's  Legal 
Bibliography. 

Inquiry.  &c.,  relative  to  an  Incorporeal  Hereditament, 
Boston,  1827.  A  Treatise  on  the  Limitation  of  Actions  at 
Law  and  Suits  in  Equity  and  Admiralty,  Boston;  2d  ed., 
1846;  4th  ed.,8vo,  revised  and  enlarged  by  J.  Wilder  May. 

'■  It  is  now  more  full  and  complete  than  any  other  treatise  upon 
this  subject  extant." — Marviifs  Legal  liihl. 

"  Lord  Brougham  begs  Mr.  A.  would  kindly  communicate  to  Mr. 
Antrell  his  very  grateful  sense  of  the  favour  done  him  by  the  valu- 
able present  of  Mr.  A."s  work.  Lord  B.  has  already  consulted  it, 
and  found  it  to  be  by  much  the  best  treatise  on  this  very  important 
subject." — Lord  Broug/iam^s  yotc  to  Mr.  Arnold. 

A  Practical  Summary  of  the  Law  of  Assignments,  Bos- 
ton, 1835. 

"  It  is  a  neat  and  valuable  little  manual  of  the  law  of  voluntary 
assignments  by  insolvent  debtors." — 2  Kent's  Co;rt.,536  n;  13  Am. 
Jur.  234. 

Mr.  Angell,  in  conjunction  with  Samuel  Ames,  has  pub- 
lished a  Treatise  on  the  Law  of  Private  Corporations  Ag- 
gregate; 2d  ed.,  Boston,  1843  ;  4th  ed.,  1858;  6th  ed.,  Svo, 

"  To  these  authors  belongs  the  honour  of  first  producing  an  Ame- 
rican treatise  upon  corporations,  and  whatever  its  defects  may  be  in 
style,  arrangement,  or  in  profusion  of  citations  from  English  or 
American  reports,  it  is  undoubtedly  the  best  work  upon  corpora- 
tions that  an  American  lawyer  can  possess.  .  .  .  Chancellor  Kent 
highly  commends  the  work." — Marvin's  Legal  Bihl. 

"  It  is  a  very  learned,  full,  and  finished  treatise,  and  cannot  be 
too  highly  praised." — Chancellor  Kent. 

Treatise  on  the  Law  concerning  the  Liabilities  and  Rights 
of  Common  Carriers;  2d  ed.,  Boston,  1845,  Svo;  pub.  in 
Lon.  in  1849,  royal  Svo. 

"  It  displays  thorough  research  and  learning,  and  cannot  fail  to 
he  welcomed  as  a  valuable  accession  to  the  legal  literature  of  the 
age." 

A  Treatise  on  the  Law  of  Fire  and  Life  Insurance;  with 
an  Appendix,  containing  Forms,  Tables,  &c.,  Svo.  A  Treat, 
on  the  Law  of  Highways,  by  Joseph  K.  Augell  and  Thomas 
Durfce,  Esqrs.,  Svo. 

"  We  have  here  the  last  of  Mr.  Angell's  useful  labours  for  the 
profession  of  which  he  was  a  distinguished  ornament.  Being  left 
incomplete,  it  was  finished  in  a  very  satisfactory  manner  by  Mr. 
Durfee. 

''The  work  contains  a  thorough  and  accurate  analysis  of  all  the 
cases,  English  and  American,  upon  the  important  subject  on  which 
it  treats,  and,  in  addition,  a  chapter  upon  canals,  railways,  ferries, 
and  navigable  rivers,  which  gives  much  valuable  matter  m  a  con- 
densed and  perspicuous  style.  It  presents,  as  is  usual  in  all  Mr. 
Angell's  treatises,  the  very  point  decided  iu  each  case." 

Augelo,  Henry.  1.  Reminiscences,  Lon.,  2  vols. 
Svo.     2.  Instructions  for  Cavalry  Sword-Exercises,  12mo. 

Angier,  Lord.  State  of  II.  M.  Revenue  in  Ireland, 
1673. 

Angier,  John.  An  Help  to  Better  Hearts  for  Better 
Times,  iu  several  Sermons,  Lon.,  1647. 

Angier,  Saml.  Polite  Modern  Divine.  Lon.,  1756,  etc. 

Anglesey.  The  Case  of  Ann,  Countess  of  Anglesey, 
lately  deceased,  lawful  wife  of  Richard  Anglesey,  late 
Earl  Anglesey,  and  of  her  three  surviving  daughters  by  the 
said  Eai-1,  Lon.,  1766.     Written  by  one  of  the  daughters. 

*•  This  state  of  a  very  hard  case  indeed  is  drawn  up  by  one 
of  tlic  three  distressed  daughters  of  a  most  unnatural  father, 
and  will  not,  we  are  persuaded,  fail  (if  increasing  (if  it  is  pos- 
sible ti»  increase)  the  public  detestation  of  a  character  too  well 
known  to  require  our  animadversion  on  it." — Lo7id(m  Alanthly 
Review,  1766. 

For  an  Epitome  of  this  curious  pamithlet.  see  Gentle- 
man'.^ Magazine  fur  November.  UfW'i,  p.  .oH".    This  Richard, 
Earl  Anglesey,  is  the  same  nobleman  who  was  defendant 
62 


in  the  celebrated  suit  brought  by  James  Anncsley  in  1744, 
to  recover  the  Anncsley  title  and  estate. 

Anglesey,  Arthur,  Earl  of.     See  Annesley. 

Anglicns,  tililbertus.     See  Gilbertus. 

Anglicus,  Richard.     See  Richard. 

Anguish,  Thos.     Serms.  puli.  1732-45-56. 

Angus,  Joseph,  D.B.  1.  Bible  Hand-Book,  Lon., 
1S54,  22mo.  2.  Christ  our  Life.  p.  Svo.  3.  Prize  Essay  on 
the  Voluntary  System,  1S39,  p.  Svo.  4.  Bishop  Butler's  Ana- 
logy, &c.,  also  Fifteen  Sermons  ;  with  a  Life  of  the  Author, 
a  Copious  Analysis,  Notes,  and  Indexes,  1855,  12mo,  pp. 
651.  In  a  letter  to  the  author  of  this  Dictionary,  written 
just  after  the  publication  of  this  volume,  Dr.  T.  Hartwell 
Home  styles  it  the  best  edition  of  the  Analogy  which  has 
appeared. 

Angus,  W.     Seats  of  the  Nobility,  Lon.,  1787-1810. 

Angus,  \Vm,     Educational  Works,  Glasg.,  1808-15. 

Aniey,  Miss*  1.  Earlswood.  Lon.,  1852,  12mo.  2 
Influence  ,  4th  ed.,  1845,  12mo.  3.  Miriam;  10th  ed.,  1845 
12m().     4.  Prisoners  of  Australia,  1841,  12mo. 

Annand,  Alex.  Legal  Government  of  India,  Lon., 4to. 

Annand,  Wm.,  1G33-1689,  educated  at  Univer.  Coll., 
Oxf.,  was  made  Dean  of  Edinburgh,  1676.  He  was  of 
"good  repute  for  his  ready  and  edifying  way  of  preaching." 
He  was  the  author  of  Fides  Catholica,  Lon.,  1661-62. 
Panem  Quotidianum ;  in  defence  of  set  form,  and  of  the 
Book  of  Common  Prayer,  1661.  Pater  Noster,  1670.  Mys- 
terium  Pietatis,  1672.     Dualitas,  Edin.,  1674,  etc. 

"  As  his  life  was  pious  and  devout,  so  was  his  sickness  and  death, 
to  the  great  comfort  of  those  then  present  with  him." — Wood's 
Athen.  Ox<m. 

Annerson,  or  Anneson,  James.  See  Maxwell, 
Jamks. 

Annesley,  Alexander,  author  of  several  treatises 
on  Political  Economy,  and  of  the  Comjiendium  of  the  Law 
of  Marine.  Life,  and  Fire  Insurance;  pub.  Lon.,  1800-8. 

Annesley,  Arthur,  Earl  of  Anglesey,  1614-1686, 
was  Lord  Privy-Seal  under  Charles  II.  He  became  a 
Fellow-Commoner  of  Magd.  Coll.,  Oxf.,  about  1630.  At 
the  Restoration  he  was  created  Earl  of  Anglesey.  His 
lordship  was  the  author  of  a  number  of  political  and  theo- 
logical works.  Truth  Unveiled,  with  a  treatise  on  Tran- 
substantiation,  Lon.,  1676.  The  King's  Right  of  Indul- 
gence in  Spiritual  Matters,  with  the  equity  thereof  asserted, 
1688.  Happy  Future  State  of  England,"  1688.  Memoirs, 
Ac,  1693.  etc. 

"  lie  was  a  per.snn  very  subtil,  cunning,  and  reserved  in  the 
managery  and  transacting  his  affairs ;  of  more  than  ordinary  part.*;, 
and  one  who  had  the  command  of  a  very  smooth,  shai-p,  and 
keen  pen.  He  was  also  much  conversant  in  Books,  and  a  great 
Calvinist,  but  his  known  countenance  and  encouragement  given 
to  persons  of  very  different  persuasions  in  matters  of  religion,  hath 
left  it  somewhat  difticult,  at  least  in  some  men's  judgments,  per- 
emptorily to  determine  among  what  sort  of  men,  as  to  point  of  re- 
ligion, he  himself  ought  in  truth  to  have  been  ranked." — Wood'n 
Athen.  Oxon. 

Bishop  Burnet  describes  him  as  a  tedious  and  ungraceful 
orator;  a  grave,  abandoned,  corrupt  man,  whom  no  party 
would  trust.  But  on  the  other  hand,  see  Dr.  Campbell's 
life  of  his  lordship  in  the  Biographia  Britannica,  who  de- 
clares that  **it  is  not  easy  to  say  any  thing  worthy  of  so 
great  a  man's  character."  When  Drs.  Burnet  and  Camp- 
bell disagree,  who  shall  decide? 

"  Th;it  his  Lordship  sjuled  with  the  times,  remains  notorious. 
Those  principles  must  be  of  an  accommodating  temper  which  could 
suffer  the  same  man  to  be  president  of  a  republican  council  of 
stat^.  and  recommend  him  for  chancellor  to  an  arbitrary  and 
popish  king.  Once  when  the  Earl  of  Essex  charged  him  in  the 
House  of  Lords  with  being  prayed  for  by  the  Papists.  Anglesey 
said,  *  He  believed  it  was  not  so;  but  if  Jews  in  their  synagogues, 
or  Turks  in  their  mosques,  would  pray  for  him  unasked,  he  should 
be  glad  to  be  the  better  for  their  devotion."  " — W<.ilpoh's  Ji.  &  -.V. 
Authors. 

*'  He  was  capable  of  great  application,  and  a  man  of  a  grave  de- 
pni-tment:  but  stuck  at  nothing  and  was  ashamed  of  nothing.  .  .  . 
He  seemed  to  have  no  regard  to  common  decencies,  but  .sold  every 
thing  that  was  in  his  power,  and  sold  himself  so  often,  that  at  last 
the  price  fell  so  low  that  he  grew  useless." — Burnet's  History  of 
the  iieign  of  Charles  IL 

Dr.  Kippis,  the  editor  of  the  Biographia  Britannica,  was 
quite  indignant  at  Waipolo's  styling  it  (for  giving,  as  he 
thought,  too  favourable  an  opinion  of  our  author)  *'Vindi- 
catio  Britannica,"  or  a  "Defence  of  Everybody;"  where- 
upon the  editor  remarks,  in  his  2d  edition, 

"  If  we  have  been  guilty  of  an  excess  of  gentleness,  we  must 
guard  for  the  future  against  this  amiable  error.  It  will  behoove  us, 
for  instance,  when  we  come  to  the  Life  of  Sir  Robert  Walpole.  to 
take  care  that  we  he  not  too  milky.'' 

The  lively  Horace  could  have  afforded  to  laugh  at  this 
threat ;  his  alphabetical  distance  friini  the  Doctor's  ven- 
geance rendered  him  very  secure.  Befuro  the  slowly-ad- 
vancing foe  could  reach  the  letter  '*  W,"  the  "Blue"  and 


ANN 


ANS 


the  "  Red  Clianilicrs."  the  "  Round  Tower."  find  the  "  Tri- 
bune" of  Strawberry  Hill,  would,  in  all  probability,  know 
no  more  the  collector  ot  trinkets,  and  the  distributor  of  bone 
inotH.  True  enoui;h  !  some  eighteen  yeurs  were  required  to 
reach  the  letter  "  F/' and  the  "force  of"  book-making 
**  could  no  further  go."  At  this  rate,  would  it  not  require  a 
Methuselah  of  an  editor  to  punish  Walpole,  Sir  Robert,  for 
the  sins  of  Walpole,  Horace?  Let  not  the  alphabetical 
editor  threaten  in  *'  A"  what  he  intends  to  do  in  "  W!" 
"Life  is  short,"  and  biographies  are  "long;"  which  last 
consideration  induces  us  to  resume,  that  we  may  speedily 
cut  short,  that  of  Arthur,  Earl  of  Anglesey,  We  shall 
gratify  Anthony  Wood,  who  seems  in  this  instance  quite 
sanguinary,  by  permitting  him  to  despatch  our  "Author 
Anglesey,"  as  "he  rather  contemptuously  designates  the  earl : 
"  At  length,  aftiT  our  author.  Arthur,  Earl  of  Auf^lesey,  had  a<?ted 
the  part  of  a  l\)liticiau,  aud  ran  with  the  times  for  more  than  45 
years,  he  gave  way  to  fate  in  his  house  in  Drury  Lane,  iu  16S6, 
lie  left  beiiiud  him  a  choice  library  of  books,  which  were  exposed 
to  sale  by  way  of  Auction,  in  Oct.,  Nov.,  Ac.  following." 

The  mention  of  that  "  Library  of  hooks"  will  touch  a 
chord  in  the  bosom  of  many  a  Bibliomaniac ;  aud  being 
slightly  of  that  order  ourselves,  we  shall  crave  the  indul- 
gence of  the  general  reader  to  linger  a  moment  iu  this 
"  Library."  Dr.  Campbell  gives  the  earl  no  small  praise 
for  his  book-collecting  zeal : 

"  Ue  was  oue  of  the  first  English  Peers  who  distinguished  him- 
self by  collecting  a  line  library,  which  he  performed  with  great 
care,  as  well  as  at  a  large  expense;  and  as  he  was  desirous  that  so 
valuable  a  collection  might  not  be  quickly  dissipated,  but  remain 
in  his  family,  he  caused  it  to  be  disposed  in  a  manner  suitable  to 
its  worth  in  a  particular  department  of  Anirli-sey  House.  But 
these  precautions  proved  fruitless,  as  his  Lordship's  good  inten- 
tions likewise  did;  his  books,  within  a  few  mnnths  after  his  de- 
cease, being  exposed  to  public  sale  by  Mr.  ;>lillington,  a  Jamous 
auctioneer." 

We  marvel  that  Dr.  Dibdin  omitted  to  place  our  Biblio- 
maniac in  his  list  of  "  Collectors  of  Books  in  Great  Bri- 
tain." See  Bibliomania.  Now  this  auction  sale  would 
he  memorable  were  it  only  for  the  discovery  of  the  "fa- 
mous memorandum,"  made  by  the  earl  on  the  blank  leaf 
of  a  copy  of  Eikon  Basilike;  but  we  must  not  prolong 
this  hydra-headed  article  by  any  further  dissertations. 
How  this  curious  memorandum  was  accidentally  disco- 
vered, how  it  was  purposely  published,  how  a  great  contro- 
versy thence  arose,  how  sundry  controversialists  were  "  set 
together  by  the  ears,"  how  men,  usually  amiable  enough,  in 
disputing  about  the  Eikon'  Basilike  presented  any  thiug 
but  the  portraiture  of  unprejudiced  judges  in  the  premises 
— all  these  matters  will  be  found  in  the  Life  of  Bp.  ifanden, 
in  the  present  volume.  For  a  detailed  account  of  the 
whole  controversy,  the  reader  is  referred  to  the  Biog.  Bri- 
tanniea,  article  Gandcv. 
Annesley,  or  Anslay.    Trans.  The  Boke  of  the  Cyte 

of  Ladyes,  Lon..  \l>2^. 

Annesley,    Sir   James.      1.    Researches   into   the 

Causes  of  Diseases  nf  India.  Lon..  2  vols.  imp.  4to,  £H  14s. 

2d.-y  2d  ed..  1S41,  12s.;  3d  ed.,  1855,  8vo.     2.  Sketches  of 

Diseases  Prevalent  in  India,  8vo. 
Annesley,  Sir  Francis.    Copy  of  Sentence  of  War, 

Ac.,  with  his  Petition  against  Earl  of  Stafford,  Lon.,  1641. 
Annesley,  or  Aneley,  Sainl.,  LL.D.,  1620  ?-1696.  a 

very  eminent  Nonconformist  minister,  pub.  sermons,  Lon., 

1655-92,  and  wrote  a  supplement  to  the  Morning  Exercise 

at  Cripplegate. 
"  He  with  much  ado  (being  naturally  dull,  yet  Industrious)  got 

t»  be  Racb.  of  Arts,  notwithstandin<r  he  that  iiresented  him  to  that 

degree  (who  did  swear  that  he  knew  him  to  be  aptita.  hahilis.  aud 

ido}u:u.s)  did  take  a  hard  oath  for  him."-IIT;Of/'i-  Athen.  Oxon. 

AunesoD,  or  Annersoii,  James.  See  M.ixwell, 
James. 

Aimet.     Short-Hand  Perfected,  1761. 

Anuet,  Peter.  A  CoUeetiou  of  the  Tracts  of  a  cer- 
tain Free  Enquirer,  noted  by  his  sufferings  for  his  opin- 
ions, 1766,  respecting  himself. 

'■  The  tracts  here  reprintod.  are  chiefly  those  which  apppared 
on  the  intidel  side  of  the  question,  in  the  notaltle  controversy  con- 
cerning the  resurrection  of  Clirist.  in  the  years  1744  and  1745 ;  the 
answers  to  Mr.  Jackson's  Letter  to  the  Deists,  and  to  Lord  Lytleton's 
Observations  on  St.  Paul,  with  some  others."— ion.  Monthly  Rev. 

Sec  Chandler,  Samuel,  p.  .367,  j>ost. 

Annet's  Works,  17.^9,  contains  also  the  tract  Social  Bliss 
considered,  (or  all  things  in  community,)  which  is  the 
germ  of  Owcnism  and  Socialism. 

Anselm,  10;^'^-1109,  like  his  predecessor  Lanfranc, 
was  a  native  of  Italy.  He  was  horn  at  Aosta,  in  Pied- 
mont, at  the  foot  of  the  Graian  Alps,  about  the  year  1033. 
In  his  childhood  he  had  imbibed  religious  sentiments  from 
the  teaching  and  e.^ample  of  his  mother,  and  exhibited  an 
early  taste  for  learning.     His  father  discouraged  the  child 


in  his  pursuits,  and  when,  at  the  age  of  fifteen,  Angelm 
ventured  to  declare  his  wish  to  embrace  a  monastic  life, 
the  anger  of  the  parent  was  so  strongly  expressed,  that  the 
youth  determined  to  quit  his  home  and  country,  and  throw 
himself  upon  the  wide  world.  Of  the  next  three  years  of 
Anselm's  life,  we  only  know  that  they  were  spent,  perhaps 
fruitlessly,  partly  in  Burgundy  aud  partly  in  France.  It 
does  not  appear  how  he  was  occupied  during  this  period, 
but  in  the  course  of  his  wanderings  he  arrived  at  Avranches, 
and  there  he  first  heard  of  the  fame  of  his  countryman 
Lanfranc  and  the  school  of  Bee.  The  eagerness  after 
learning  which  had  distinguished  Anselm  in  his  childhood 
now  returned,  and  he  hastened  to  Bee  to  place  himself  un- 
der Lanfranc's  tuition.  He  devoted  himself  to  his  studies 
with  wonderful  perseverance,  scarcely  quitting  his  books 
by  night  or  by  day,  and  often  forgetting  his  meals.  When 
Lanfranc  at  length  made  him  a  partner  in  his  labours,  and 
intrusted  to  him  the  instruction  of  others,  Anselm  showed 
little  taste  for  his  occupation ;  he  preferred  solitude  and 
meditation  to  an  active  life,  and  after  much  doubting  as  to 
where  and  how  he  should  take  the  hal.iit,  and  after  con- 
sulting with  Lanfranc  and  with  Manrilius.  Archbishop  of 
Rouen,  he  became  a  monk  in  the  abbey  of  Bee,  in  the 
twenty-seventh  year  of  his  age,  (a.  d.  1060.)  Still  he  was 
not  allowed  to  remain  inactive;  for,  when  Lanfranc  was 
made  Abbot  of  Caen,  (not,  as  commonly  supposed,  in  106;j, 
but  in  1066,)  Anselm  was  chosen  tu  succeed  him  as  Prior 
of  Bee.  an  office  which  he  held  till  Abbot  Herluin's  death 
in  107S.  when  he  was  further  raised  to  be  his  successor. 
As  monk  and  prior,  he  was  distinguished  so  much  by 
his  piety  and  virtues,  that  his  brethren  believed  him  to 
be  possessed  of  the  power  of  working  miracles.  The  abbey 
of  Bee  had  possessions  in  England,  and  soon  after  his 
election  Abbot  Anselm  found  it  necessary  to  visit  them. 
This  was  a  favourable  opportunity  of  consulting  with  his 
ancient  friend  Lanfranc,  by  whom  he  was  received  at 
Canterbury  with  the  greatest  marks  of  distinction  and 
esteem.  He  spent  a  short  time  in  the  society  of  the  monks 
of  Canterbury,  and  gave  his  advice  iu  the  question  then 
agitated  relating  to  the  sanctity  of  the  Saxon  Archbishop 
.^Ifege.  In  other  parts  of  England,  Anselm  was  received 
with  the  same  marks  of  respect  as  at  Canterbury.  In 
loss,  Lanfranc,  Archbishop  of  Canterbury,  died,  and  in 
1093,  Anselm,  much  against  his  will,  obeyed  the  commamls 
of  William  Rufus,  by  accepting  the  vacant  see.  He  died 
of  a  lingering  illness,  attended  by  a  distaste  for  all  kiuds 
of  nourishment,  on  the  21st  of  April,  1109,  in  the  seventy- 
sixth  year  of  his  age.  after  having  held  the  see  of  Canter- 
bury sixteen  years.  He  was  buried  in  his  cathedral,  at 
the  head  of  his  friend  and  predecessor,  Lanfranc. 

By  his  rare  genius  he  did  much  towards  bringing 
metaphysics  into  repute.  He  laid  the  foundation  of  a  new 
school  of  theology,  which  was  free  from  the  servile  cha- 
racter of  the  older  writers,  who  did  little  more  than  collect 
together  a  heap  of  authorities  on  the  subjects  which  they 
treated.  The  Monologinm  and  the  Proslogium  are  admir- 
able specimens  of  abstract  reasoning.  His  reading  was 
extensive,  and  his  style  is  clear  and  vigorous.  His  pub- 
lished writings  are,  1.  The  Monologion,  a  metaphysical 
treatise,  in  which  Anselm  attempts  to  establish,  by  ab- 
stract reasoning,  the  existence  of  God,  his  attributes,  &>c. 
He  submitted  this  work  to  the  judgment  of  Lanfranc,  be- 
fore he  ventured  to  publish  it.  2.  The  Proslogion,  in  which 
he  undertakes  to  prove  the  existence  of  God  by  one  single, 
continued  argument.  3.  The  answer  to  Ganuilo,  a  monk 
of  Marmoutier,  who  had  criticised  the  Proslogion,  aud 
espoused  the  cause  of  the  incipi'ens  (whom  Anselm  had 
introduced  as  his  imaginary  opponent)  against  Anselm's 
arguments.  In  this  tract  he  enlarges  and  explains  some 
of  his  arguments  which  had  been  misunderstood.  4.  Uu 
the  Trinity  and  the  Incarnation,  a  controversial  treati.'-e 
against  the  celebrated  philosopher  Roscelin.  5.  On  the 
Procession  of  the  Holy  Ghost,  another  controversial  trea- 
tise, iu  which  he  collected  the  arguments  he  had  employed 
in  the  Council  of  Bari  against  the  Greeks,  who  denied  that 
the  Holy  Ghost  proceeded  from  the  Son.  Anselm  is  said 
to  have  written  this  b(Tok  between  1100  and  1103,  at  the 
request  of  Hildebert,  Bishop  of  Mans.  6.  Dialogue  in 
twenty-eight  chapters,  De  casu  Diaboli.  treating  chiefly  on 
the  subject  of  the  origin  of  evil.  7.  A  treatise  entitled 
Cur  Dens  Homo  ?  in  two  books,  written  in  the  form  of  a 
dialogue  between  the  author  and  Boso,  Abbot  of  Bee,  for 
the  purpose  of  showing  the  necessity  of  the  Christian 
scheme  of  redemption,  and  proving  the  resurrection  of  the 
body.  It  was  begun  in  England,  and  finished  in  Italy. 
S.  A  treatise  in  twenty-nine  chapters  on  the  Conceplinu 
of  the  Virgin,  and   on  Original   Sin,  composed  at  Lyons, 

6^ 


ANS 


ANS 


and  addrossod  to  the  same  Abbot  Buso  who  appears  in  the 
Cur  Deus  Homo  ?  9.  A  dialogue  De  Veritate  between  a 
Master  and  his  Disciple.  10.  A  treatise  De  Voluntate, 
first  publi^shed  by  Uerberon,  who  found  it  without  the 
name  of  the  author,  but  with  strong  internal  proofs  that 
it  was  the  work  of  Anselm.  11.  A  dialogue  De  Libero 
Arbitrio.  12.  The  treatise  Do  Concordia  praescientiai  et 
praedestinationis  et  gratise  Dei  cum  libero  arbitrio.  This 
was  Anselm's  last,  and  perhaps  his  most  profound  work, 
in  which  he  undertakes  to  prove,  first,  that  prescience  is 
not  repugnant  to  free-will ;  secondly,  that  predestination 
does  not  exclude  free-will;  and,  thirdly,  that  grace  does 
not  exclude  free-will.  13.  A  short  tract  De  Fermento 
et  Azymo.  14  and  15.  Two  brief  treatises  on  Priests  who 
keep  Concubines,  and  on  Marriage  between  certain  degrees 
of  affinity,  questions  then  agitated  in  England.  IG.  A 
dialogue  on  Dialectics,  entitled  De  Grammatico.  17.  A 
very  short  treatise  De  Voluntate  Dei.   18.  Sixteen  homilies. 

19.  A    treatise   on    the    Contempt   of  Temporal    Things. 

20.  Another  short  tract  in  question  and  answer,  entitled, 
Admonitio  morienti.  21.  Twenty-one  Meditations,  of 
some  of  which  the  authenticity  is  doubtful.  22.  A  collec- 
tion of  seventy-four  prayers.  23.  Hymns,  and  a  Pt^alter 
of  the  Virgin,  which  are  probably  erroneously  attributed 
to  Anselm.  24.  A  large  collection  of  miscellaneous  letters, 
many  of  which  afford  valuable  materials  for  the  history 
of  the  time.  25.  His  Constitutions.  lu  addition  to  these, 
the  writers  of  the  Uistoire  Litteraire  de  France  enumerate 
no  less  than  thirty-six  treatises  which  have  been  wrongly 
attributed  to  Anselm.  Among  these  we  may  place  the 
poem  De  Contemptu  Mundi,  which  was  the  work  of  Alex- 
ander Neekham.  Some  additions  might  still  be  made  from 
manuscripts  to  his  authentic  works,  particularly  to  the 
Homilies,  Meditations,  and  Letters;  and  perhaps  some  of 
Anselm's  writings  are  entirely  lost,  such  as  the  poem  on 
the  death  of  Lanfrauc,  mentioned  by  Ordericus  Vitalis. 

Ediimis. 
Opera  et  tractatus  beati  Anselmi  iirchiepiscopi  Cantuarien.  ordi- 
nis  sancti  Benedict!.  At  the  end.  Opera  sancti  Ansebui  que  is 
scripsit  hoc  libro  quam  salutari  sidere  clauduutur.  Anno  xp"i. 
M.  cccc.lxxxxj.  die  vero  vicesima  septima  martii  Nurenberge.  per 
Caspar  Ilochfeder:  opifecem  mira  arte  ar  dili'j;t'ntia  impressa.  fol. 
This  volume  contains  the  Duo  Ijl>ii  cm  I'-nis  hnmo;  liber  unus  de 
incarnatione  verbi ;  De  concept u  vir;rinalit't  jt^Miiito  orijiinali;  De- 
claratio  cujusdam  de  eodem;  Prosloij^ou;  Mout.iln^^irju;  De  proces- 
sione  spiritus  sancti  contra  Grajoos;  Dyalo;;us  de  casu  Dyitboli; 
Pro  insipiente;  coutra  iusipientem;  De  diversitnte  sacramL-nto- 
rum;  De  fermento  et  azimo;  Expositiones  membrorum  et  ai-tuum 
Dei  et  vestimentorum ;  De  voluntate;  Deconcnrdin  pnvsii.'nti:!-  et 
praedestinationis  et  grati?e  Dei  cum  libero  arbitiiu:  Id-  lihcin  ;n  lii- 
trio;  De  veritate;  De  siniUitudinibus:  De  meiismatii'De  nin-is: 
Meditationes  magna?  Anselmi;  Meditatio  ejusdem  de  ledeuiptioue 
generis  humani;  De  passione  Domini:  Speculum  evangeliii  ser- 
monis;  llomelia,  Intravit  Jesus  in  quoddam  cast+'llum;  Epistola^ 
Sancti  Anselmi:  De  imagine  mundi.  This  edition  was  reprinted 
in  1494. — Sermones  tres  de  passione  Christi.  .\rt;entie.  M,  cere, 
xcvj.  4to.  At  the  end.  sig.  &  4,  is  added.  Anselmi  devotissinii  de 
passione  Jesu  Christi  queretis  d<'  irlnri<>sis-.ime  b't'e  Marie  V^nis 
respondent!  dyalogus  incipit  filiiitcr, — i)]>uscula  beati  Anselmi 
archiepiscopi  Cantuariensis  ordinis  s;inrti  benedicti.  fol.  without 
name  of  place  or  date.  It  contains  two  tracts  not  in  the  edition 
of  1491,  De  miseria  hominis.  and  De  exoellentia  Virtrinis  Maria?. 
It  also  contains  an  index.  There  was  another  edition  of  the  Opus- 
cula  without  date. — Omnia  divi  Anselmi  Cantuariensis  ar(4iiepis- 
copi  th"olnijnrum  omnium  sui  temporis  facile  prinoipis  Opuscnia, 
Antonii  Democharis  Hessona>i  industria  nunc  primum  restituta. 
Parlsiis.  1544,  fol.  This  contains,  iu  addition  to  the  previous  edi- 
tions, the  tracts  De  similitudiuibus,  and  De  voluntate  Dei.  Re- 
printed in  1549. — D.  Anselmi  Cantuariensis  archiepiscopi,  theolo- 
gorum  nmnium  svii  temporis  facile  principis.  neminiqueeorum  qui 
post  fiiiii  fiiiTuiit  vel  sanctitate,  vel  eruditione.  vel  eloquentia  se- 
cundi.  IiKiilentissima?  in  omnes  sanctissinii  Pauli  apostoli  epistolas 
etali  |Uot  livan.i:eli;»  enarratinnes.  Has  (^narrationes  alii  D.  Ileroa^o 
as^ribunt.,  Parisiis.  1544.  f  il, — ftprra  Yentt.  1549.  This  edition  ap- 
pi^.ars  to  have  been  r-'printed  at  thi^  sjuni'  place  in  1568. — Anselmi 
Klucidarium,  Paris.  15r.O. — '"Ipera  Colr^n.  15tiO,  fob,  and  a^rain.  Co- 
lon. 1573,  fol. — B.  Anselmi  Vita  et  Opera  iv.  tomis.  ubi  ejus  Epis- 
toliB  adjectje  sunt  et  notis  illustratro,  per  Job.  Piccarduni.  Col. 
Agr.  1612.  More  complete  than  any  of  the  preredinir  editions. — 
B.  Anselmi  Opera  extraneis  in  Sacros  T>ibni^  (''.niiiinitariis  exone- 
rata,  recensuit  et  edidit  Theoph.  Rayiiaudus.  l,iiL'i\,  li'.:io,  3  vols, 
fol. — S,  Anselmi  Cantuariensis  archiepiscopi  de  Keliritate  Sancto- 
rum dissertiitio,  Exscriptore  Eadinnn  An>j:lo  canonico  re;;ulari. 
Editore  Joanne  Bapt.  de  JIailruilt.  i'arisino,  Soc.  Jesu.  Parisiis, 
lt»;iO.  Svo. — The  dialoirue  De  Jibi-rn  arbitrio.  was  published  in  the 
third  volume  of  thi-  Opns'MiIa  of  St.  Auiiustino,  4to.  Lovan.  1*>48. 
— Divi  Aurolii  Au.nistiTii  Ilippon.  episcopi  Meditationes,  Soliloquia, 
et  Manuale.  Mrditatinnes  B.  Anselmi.  cum  tratatu  de  humani 
generis  redemptione,  &c.  Colonise  Agrippina"^,  11549,  IGmo. — D'Ache- 
rii  Spicilea;ium,  4to,  1653-1677.  torn.  iii.  p.  24,  Second  Edit.  Paris, 
1723.  fol.  vol.  i.  pp.  443-449.  Sancti  Anselmi  Cantuariensis  archie- 
piscopi tractatus  asceticus,  4to.  torn.  iii.  p. 121,  tom.ix.  pp. 116-123. 
Second  od,  torn.  iii.  p.  43.3-4:!ri.  Some  letters  of  Anselm. —  Csher, 
Veterum  Epistolarum  Hibernioarum  Syllo:;e..  4to.  Dublin.,  1633, 
pp.  88-99.  Six  letters  of  Anselm. — Sancti  Anselmi  ex  Beccensi  ab- 
bate  Cantuariensis  Archiepiscopi  Opera  .  .  .  laboro  ac  studio  D. 
QabriellsGerberonmonachicongregatijnis  S,  Mauri  ad  MSS. fidem 

'  6i 


expnr^ata  et  aucta.  Secunda  editio,  correcta  et  aucfa.  Lutetia 
Parissiorum,  1721,  fol.  The  tirst  edition  was  published  at  Paris  in 
1675.  A  third  was  printed  at  Venice,  1744,  in  2  vols,  folio. — The 
works  of  S.  Anselm,  more  or  less  complete,  will  also  be  found  in 
djllerent  collections  printed  under  the  title  ol  Bibliotheca  Patrum. 
TruHshi  turns. 
A  French  translation  of  the  Meditations  of  Anselm  was  pub- 
lished in  1571.  iind  reprinted  in  158S,  1602,  and  1642, — Another 
French  translation  of  the  Meditations,  by  Cerizius,  appeared  in 
1650.  A  German  transhition  of  the  Meditations  had  been  printed 
at  Lunenberg  in  163S. — The  Mount  of  Ulives;  or,  Solitary  Devo- 
tions. By  Henry  Vaugban.  Silurist.  With  an  excellent  discourse 
of  the  blessed  state  of  Man  iu  Glory,  written  by  the  most  reverend 
and  Luly  f:ithi.T  Anselm,  Archbishop  of  Canterbury,  and  now  done 
into  English,  London,  1662,  12mo. — A  third  F'renoh  translation 
of  the  Meditations  was  published  anonymously  in  1700. — Pious 
Breathings.  Being  the  Meditations  of  St.  Augustine,  his  Treatise 
of  the  Love  of  God,  Soliloquies,  and  Manual,  to  which  are  added 
Select  Contemplations  from  St.  Anselm  and  St.  Bernard.  Made 
English  by  George  Stanhope,  D.D.,  chaplain  in  ordinary  to  bis 
Majesty,  Loudon,  1701,  8vo. — A  translation  into  Fi'ench  of  the 
treatise  Ciir  Deus  liomnt  has  been  recently  published  in  Paris. — 
Abbreviated  from  Wright's  Biog.  Brit.  LU. 

Anson^  George,  Lord,  169i'-1762.  Voyage  round 
the  World  iu  174U-2-3-4;  compiled  from  his  papers,  and 
published  under  his  direction  ;  with  Charts  of  the  Southern 
part  of  South  America,  of  part  of  the  Pacific  Ocean,  and 
of  the  Track  of  the  "  Centurion"  round  the  World,  by 
Richard  Walter,  A.M.,  Lon.,  1748.  Most  of  this  work  waa 
composed  by  Peter  Robbins. 

"  Anson's  Voyage  will  contribute  more  to  call  forth  genius,  and 
open  the  blossoms  of  the  mind,  than  a  dull  didactic  treatise  of  the 
most  sagacious  philosopher." — Knox's  Essays. 

"  A  voyage  which  is  still  about  the  most  delightful  of  any  with 
which  we  are  acquainted.'" — Edinburgh  Hcview,  April,  1839, 

In  1752  was  pub.  a  Supplement  to  Lord  Anson's  Voyage 
round  the  World,  containing  a  Discovery  and  Description 
of  the  Island  of  Frivola.  By  the  Abbe  Coyer.  To  which  is 
prefixed  an  introductory  Preface  by  the  translator.  This 
is  a  satirical  romance,  in  which  the  French  nation  (Fri- 
vola) is  most  severely  ridiculed. 

"  The  modern  French  are  represented  as  a  race  of  trifJers,  wit- 
lings, and  fops,  whose  effeminate  manners,  and  slavish  notions  of 
government,  are  contrasted  with  the  supposed  manlier  conduct  of 
the  English.  As  our  judgment  may  be  thought  biassed  on  the 
present  occasion,  we  shall  say  the  less  of  this  entertaining  pei^ 
formance  of  the  Abb6"e." — Lim.  Mtmihly  Jfeview. 

'' Anson  w.as  the  veriest  Bull  Di>g  of  all  circumnavigators,  lov- 
ing nothing  better  than  tough  contests,  by  sea  and  by  land;  a 
Spanish  Galleon,  or  a  hostile  town,  was  eqmilly  an  object  of  attack, 
and  he  returned  from  his  three  yeais  and  nine  months'  absence 
laden  with  more  spoil  and  wealth  than  it  had  fallen  to  the  lot  of 
any  individual  t"  bring  borne." — DiUDix. 

See  Life  of  Lord  Anson,  by  Sir  J.  Barrow,  Lon.,  Svo. 

Anspach,  Elizabeth,  Margravine  of,  1750-1828, 
the  youngest  daughter  of  Augustus,  fourth  Earl  of  Berke- 
ley, pub.  a  number  of  works,  1778-1S2G.  The  principal 
are,  1.  Journey  through  the  Crimea  to  Constantinople. 
Lon.,  1789.  2.  Letters  from  Lady  Craven  to  the  Mar- 
grave of  Anspach,  during  her  Travels  through  France. 
Germany,  Russia,  itc.,  in  1785-87,  Lon.,  1814.  3.  Me- 
moirs of  the  Margravine  of  Anspach,  written  by  herself, 
Lon.,  1826. 

"These  delightful  volumes  remind  us  of  the  best  French  me- 
moirs, a  species  of  literature  in  which  we  are  wofnlly  deficient." — 
Lon.  N.  Montldy  Magazine. 

'■  The  Margravine  of  Anspach  claims  attention  rather  from  cir- 
cumstances than  talent.  She  was  a  light  and  vivacious  woman. 
of  a  school  which  is  rapidly  going  by,  and  which  it  is  of  the  least 
possible  consequence  to  renovate." 

Anspach,  Rev,  F.  R.,  b.  1817,  Penn.  Systematic 
Benevolence,  1853.  Sepulchres  of  our  Departed,  12mo.  1854. 

"  A  tine  tone  pervades  the  volume,  and  it  abounds  in  just  sen- 
timents ornately  expressed.'' — Presbyterian. 

Anspach,  Rev.  L.  A.,  a  magistrate  of  Newfound- 
land. A  Sermon  in  French,  1793.  Summary  of  the 
Laws  of  Commerce  nnd  Navigation,  adapted  tu  the  present 
State,  Government,  and  Trade,  of  the  Island  of  New- 
foundland, Lon.,  1809. 

"  The  law  on  these  several  matters  is  here  laid  down  with  great 
precision,  and  expounded  with  clearness." — Lon.  M'nithly  Rn-i'ir. 

Ansted,  David  Thomas,  b.  1812,  L<mdon,  a  di.— 
tinguishcd  geologist,  educated  at  Cambridge,  Prof.  Gcol. 
King's  Coll.,  London,  Ass.  Sec.  Geol.  Soc.  and  ed.  of  its 
Journal  and  Proceedings.  1.  Geology,  Introductory,  De- 
scriptive, and  Practical,  1814,  Lon.,  2  vols.  Svo.  This 
work  gave  its  author  a  high  position  as  a  geologist.  2. 
Geologist's  Text-Book,  1815.  3.  The  Ancient  World;  or, 
Picturesque  Sketches  of  Great  Britain,  1847.  4.  The  Gold- 
Seeker's  Manual,  12mo.  5.  Elementary  Course  of  Geology, 
Mineralogy,  Ac,  p.  8voj  2d  ed.,  1856.  6.  Notes  on 
Scenery,  Science,  and  Art,  Svo. 

Anster,  John,  LL.D.,  b.  1793,  Charleville,  Ireland. 
Regius  Prof.  Civil  Law  in  Trinity  College,  Dublin.    Prize 


ANS 

Pocra  on  the  death  uf  the  Princess  Charlotte,  1817.  Poems, 
with  trans,  from  the  Gurmiin,  1S19.  F:iustus;  from  the 
Gurmau  of  Goellie,  1835.  Highly  praised  by  S.  T.  Cole- 
ridge, BlackirooU's  Mag.  and  Ediu.  Rev.,  and  Dr.  Mac- 
kenzie. Xeniola,  with  other  Poems  and  Translations,  1837. 
Introduetory  Lecture  on  the  Study  of  the  Civil  Law,  1S49. 
Contrib.  largely  to  Blackwood's  Mag.,  Uubliu  Univ.  Mac., 
<tc.  " 

Anstey,  Christopher,  1724-1805,  was  a  son  of  the 
Rev.  Christopher  Anstey,  Rector  of  Brinkeley.  in  Cam- 
bridgeshire. He  pub.  a  number  of  works,  17013-180-1; 
but  his  fame  rests  upon  The  New  Bath  Guide,  one  of  the 
most  popular  poems  of  the  day,  pub.  in  Lon.,  1706. 
Dodsley  gave  £200  for  the  copy'right,  which  Anstey  be- 
stowed in  aid  of  the  hospital  at  Bath.  The  publisher  de- 
clared that  the  profits  on  the  sale  were  greater  than  he 
had  ever  gained  in  the  same  period  by  any  other  book, 
and  in  1777  he  returned  it  to  the  author. 

'■  There  are  a  thous.tnd  strains  of  humour  in  these  hi-xh  wrouf^ht 
Epistles,  some  of  which  do  not  occur  to  you  at  the  tii-st  re.nding; 
—si  propius,  te  c.iplet  magis:— the  author  frequently  hei;,'litens 
and  enriches  hi.s  humour  by  parodies  and  imitiitibns."— ion 
M"iilM;/  Review,  1766. 

Smollett  has  borrowed  so  largely  from  Anstey,  that 
Humphrey  Clinker  may  almost  be  called  The  New  Bath 
Guide  in  Prose,  so  far  as  characters  and  situations  are 
concerned. 

'•  But  .\nstey's  diverting  satire  was  but  a  sHjiht  sketch  compared 
to  the  finished  and  elaborate  manner  in  which  Smollett  has.  in  the 
first  place,  identified  his  characters,  and  then  filled  them  with  lan- 
gu.^;^e,  sentiments,  and  powers  of  ob.servation  lu  exact  corres- 
pondence with  their  talents,  temper,  condition,  and  disposition." 
— Sir  Walter  Scott. 

Several  authors,  who  shall  be  nameless,  have  committed 
a  grave  error  in  charging  Anstey  with  borrowing  from 
Smollett ;  whereas  The  New  Bath  Guide  was  published  in 
1766,  whilst  Humphrey  Clinker  was  not  written  until 
1770.  and  was  published  in  1771. 

Anstey,  John,  son  of  the  preceding.  The  Pleader's 
Guide.  A  Diil.actic  Poem,  Lon.,  1796.  The  Poet.  Works 
of  the  late  Christopher  Anstey,  Esq.,  Ac,  Lon..  ISOS. 

Anstey,  T.  C.  Guide  to  the  Laws  of  England  af- 
fecting Roman  Catholics,  Lon.,  1842. 

"This  is  the  only  professed  treatise  upon  the  laws  of  Great  Bri- 
tain relative  to  the  Konian  Catholics,  and  contains  much  valuable 
information  respecting  Nonconformists  of  every  denomination. 
The  author  hjis  ably  discussed  the  contlict  of  imperial  with  local 
laws— a  branch  of  the  conflict  of  laws  that  Mr.  .Justice  Storv  and 
Mr.  Burge  have  omitted  in  their  treatise  upon  the  Conflict  of 
Laws.  He  is  also  of  opinion  that  confession.s  made  to  a  Catholic 
clergyman  are,  upon  legal  principles,  privileged  communications. 
Mr.  .\nstey's  work  is  a  complete  and  valuable  treatise  upon  the 
rights  and  liabilities  of  Catholics.  24  L.  0.  635;  B.  Jmist,  26  E."— 
MarvuVs  Legal  Bibl. 

Lectures  on  Laws  and  Constitution  of  England,  p.  8vo. 
Anstice,   Robt.      Work   on   Wheel-Carriages,   Lon., 
1700.     Inciuiry  into  Laws  of  Falling  Bodies,  Lon.,  1794. 
Anstie,  J.     Works  upon  Commerce,  Lon..  1787-1802 

Anstis,  John,  1609-1745,  a  learned  heraldic  writer, 
and  Garter  king-at-arms.  was  born  at  St.  Neot's,  in  Corn- 
wall, and  educated  at  Oxford,  and  at  the  Middle  Temple. 
He  was  M.P.  in  the  reigns  of  Anne  and  George  L  He 
left  a  number  of  very  curious  and  laborious  works  in  MS. 
Of  his  published  cs.siiys  the  most  important  are.  The  Re- 
gister of  the  most  noble  Order  of  the  Garter,  Lou.,  17''4 
2  vols,  folio;  usually  called  The  Black  Book,  from  Its 
black  velvet  cover.  Observations  introductory  to  an  His- 
torical Essay  on  the  Knighthood  of  the  Bath,  Lon     17'>5 

Anstruther,  Alev.  Reports  of  Cases  in  the  Court 
of  t.xchequer  from  E.  T.  32  George  HI.  to  T.  T.  37  Geo 
IIL,  Lon.,  1796-97,  3  vols.  2d  ed.,  Lon  ,  1817 

••Anstruther-s  lieports  are  carefully  and  acurately  compiled 
S^-.I'b.W    "•■'•'■"        ■"  ™°^W"'-''1»  Bood  authority .■•-.i/„S 

Aiistrnther,  Sir  John.    On  Drill  Ilusb.,  Lon    1796 

'■  He  must  have  pnssessed  a  very  ample  and  correct  nracticil 
knowledge  of  agriculture."— Donatt.son  -.  Anricull  Ding    ''"'"■" 

Anstruther,  Sir  W.  Essays,  Moral  and  Divine 
Edin.,  1701. 

Antes,  J.    Obs.  on  M.  and  C.  of  the  Egyptians,  Lon., 

Anthon,  Chas.,  LL.D.,  was  born  in  the  city  of  New 
York  in  1797.  In  1820  he  was  appointed  adjunct  Profes- 
sor of  Languages  in  Columbia  College.  New  York,  and  in 
1835  he  was  advanced  to  the  station  filled  for  many  years 
by  Professor  Moore,  and  vacated  by  his  resignation.'  He 
received  the  degree  of  LL.D.  from  his  Alma  Mater  in  1831. 
Mr.  Anthon's  publications  have  been  numerous.  His  edi- 
tion of  Lempriere's  Classical  Dictionary,  was  very  favour- 
ably received,  and  immediately  republished  in  England. 
In  1830  appeared  his  larger  edition  of  Horace,  with  various 
5 


APL 

readings,  and  a  copious  commentary ;  a  smaller  edition 
was  published  in  1833.  In  1835,  in  connection  with  the 
publishing  house  of  the  Messrs.  Harper,  Professor  Anthon 
projected  a  classical  series,  which  should  comprise  as  well 
the  te.^it-books  used  in  academies  and  schools  preparatory 
to  college,  as  those  usually  read  in  colleges  and  universi- 
ties. This  series  includes  some  of  the  most  important 
Greek  and  Latin  authors.  Dr.  A.  has  pub.  larger  works 
on  Ancient  Geography,  Greek  and  Roman  Antiquities, 
Mythology,  Literature,  ,tc.,  in  all  about  50  vols. 

Dr.  Anthon's  Classical  Series  has  proved  one  of  the  most 
sui-cessful  enterprises  of  the  kind  in  America. 

Anthon,  Charles  E.  Pilgrimage  to  Treves  in  1844. 
N.  \'<vk.  12mo. 

-'Vuthon,  Henry.  Easy  Catechism,  N.  York,  18mo 
Catechism  on  the  Church  Homilies;  Nos.  1,  2,  3,  4  N. 
York,  18mo.  ' 

Anthon,  John,  b.  at  Detroit,  17S4,  an  eminent  Ame- 
rican lawyer  and  legal  writer,  brother  of  Chas.  Anthon, 
LL.D.  Essay  on  the  Study  of  Law  ;  improved  and  finally 
prefixed  to  Mr.  A.'s  Analysis  of  Blackstono. 

"  This  essay  is  worth  the  perusal  ol  the  legal  aspirant."— Jifarrm'J 
Legftl  Bibl. 

Notes  to  Tidd's  Practice.  Analysis  of  Blackstone,  2d 
ed.,  Phila.,  1S32,  8vo. 

"  Kspecially  valuable  in  this  country,  because  it  is  prepared  with 
peculiar  reference  to  our  circumstances." 

"  It  cannot  tail  to  be  a  great  tavourite  with  elementary  stu- 
dents."— HnffmarVs  Leg.  Sl2id.  1130. 

Nisi  Prius  Cases ;  2  edits.  The  Law  Student — American 
Digest,  1  vol.  Edited  by  J.  A. :— Booth  on  Real  Actions; 
American  Precedents,  1821,  8vo,  4th  ed. ;  West  Brook- 
field,  1848,  8vo;  Espinasso's  Nisi  Prius.  Shepherd's 
Touchstone.  Oration,  July  4,  1812.  Contribution  to  the 
American  Jurist. 

Anthony,  Elliot.  A  Digest  of  Cases  in  the  Supreme 
Court  uf  Illinois  from  1819  to  1854.  Philadelphia,  1855,  8vo 

Anthony,  Dr.  Francis,  1550-1623,  a  noted  empiric 
and  chemist,  was  the  father  of  the  controversy  concerning 
the  Aurnm  Potabile,  in  which  Dr.  Gwinne  and  Dr.  John 
Cotta  took  part.  He  declared  that  he  could  produce  an 
extract,  or  honey,  of  gold,  which  he  calls  the  "  Universal 
Medicine,"  from  its  m.arvellous  effects  upon  the  human 
system.  His  first  treatise  on  this  subject  was  published  in 
1598.  In  1610  he  pub.  Medicinse  Chymicse  et  veri  pota- 
bilis  Anri  Assertio,  &c. 

Anthony,  John,  1587-1655,  son  of  the  preceding. 
Lucas  Redivivus,  or  the  Gospel  Physician,  prescribing  (by 
way  of  Meditation)  Divine  Physic,  to  prevent  diseases  not 
yet  entered  upon  the  Soul,  and  to  cure  those  maladies 
which  have  already  seized  upon  the  Spirit,  Lon.,  1656. 
The  Comfort  of  the  Soul,  1654. 

So  great  was  the  demand  for  the  father's  Aurum  Pota- 
bile, that  the  son  made  a  handsome  living  by  its  sale. 

Anthony,  Susanna,  of  Rhode  Island.  Extracts 
from  her  writings  were  pub.  by  Dr.  Hopkins,  2d  ed.,  1810. 

Antill,  Ed.,  of  N.  Jersey.  Cultivation  of  the  'Vine. 
Amer.  Trans.,  i.  181,  1789.  Method  of  Curing  Figs.  lb. 
i.  266. 

Antisel,  Thos.  Manual  of  Agricultural  Chemistry, 
12mo.     2.  Irish  Geology. 

"These  little  works  are  worth  notice." — Dcmaldson's  AgricuU. 

Bir,g. 

Anton,  Robt.,  a  minor  poet  temp.  James  I.  Vice's 
Anatomy  Scourged  and  Corrected;  or,  the  Philosopher's 
Satyrs,  Lon.,  1616. 

"  These  .satires  possess  little  claim  on  the  reader's  notice,  although 
there  arc  a  few  slight  notices  of  the  eminent  poets  contemporary 
with  this  almost-forgotten  author." — Hoses  Biog.  I>icf. 

Antrobus,  Benj.    Buds  and  Blossoms  of  Piety,  with 

some  Fruit  of  the  Spirit  of  Love,  Lon.,  1691. 

Antrobus,  J.  1.  Clifton;  a  Poem,  Lon.,  12mo.  2. 
Parental  Wisdom,  8vo.  3.  Pilgrim's  Dream,  and  other 
Poems,  12mo.  4.  Student's  Manual,  1840,  p.  8vo.  5. 
Wrimgs  of  Poland ;  a  Poem,  8vo. 

Antrobus,  R.  Brevia  Selecta;  or,  Choice  Writs,  col- 
lected (Mit  of  the  writings  of  R.  Antrobus  and  T.  Impy, 
Lon..  1663. 

Antrobus,  Thos.,  Surgeon,  Liverpool.  An  Ampu- 
tation <»f  a  Leg,  without  any  subsequent  Haemorrhage, 
Med.  Ob.s.  and  Inq.  ii.  p.  152.  1762. 

Anvers,  Alicia  D'.     See  D'Anvers. 

Anvers,  Caleb  D'.     See  D'Anvers. 

Anvers,  Henry  D'.     See  D'Anvers. 

Anvers,  Ji.   I)'.     See  D'A.nvers. 

Anwick.     Med.  upon  God's  Monarchic,  Lon.,  1587. 

Anyan,  T.  Sermons  Acts  x.  34,  35.  Ps.  i.  3,  Lon.,  1612. 

Apletrc,  J.     Proposals  rel.  to  Raw  Silk,  Lon.  1719. 

65 


APP 


ARC 


Appelius,  J.     Death  of  Kar!  of  Hanaw,  Lon.,  1611;. 

Apperley.     Essays  and  Reflections.  Lon..  1793. 

Apperley,  Charles  James,  1777-1848.  a  popular 
wriUr  on  s|M>rtinf;-suhjccts.  1.  The  Chase,  Tnrf,  and  Road, 
12mo,  pul>.  in  Quar.  Rev.,  1S27.  2.  Hunting  Rerainiscences, 
8vo.  3.  Hunting  Tours,  8vo.  4.  Life  of  a  Sportsman, 
8vo.  5.  Nimrod  Ahroad,  2  vols.  p.  8vo.  6.  Northern  Tour. 
7.  Remarks  on  the  Choice  of  Horses,  Svo.  S.  Sporting 
Annual,  imp.  4to.  9.  Treatise  on  the  Horse  and  Hound, 
p.  Svo.  Jlost  of  the  above  works  wore  written  for  periodi- 
cals under  the  tiotn  deplume  of  '•Nimrod." 

Apperley,  T.     Observations  on  Physic,  Lon.,  1731. 

Apple^arth,  H.  The  Common  Law  Epitomized. 
Lon..  lOeO. 

Applegarth,  Robt.,  formerly  a  Quaker,  became  a 
member  of  the  Church  of  England,  and  wrote  Apology  for 
the  Two  Ordinances  of  Jesus  Christ,  by  the  Holy  Com- 
munion and  Baptism,  recommended  to  the  Quakers,  Lon., 
17S9.  Mr.  Applegarth  pub.  some  other  works  on  Theology 
and  Political  Economy,  1776-92. 

Appleton,  Mrs.  Eliz.     1.  Private  Education,  1815. 

"Many  in;tili<al  tliri-clions  are  piven  iu  this  volume  which  will 
be  really  ii-tiut  t"  ilM-sewho  undertake  the  education  of  children." 
— Lrm.  Moiithli/  Jiivicw. 

This  lady  had  been  governess  in  the  family  of  the  Earl 
of  Leveu  and  Melville.  2.  Edgar;  a  National  Tale,  3 
vols.  1810. 

Appleton,  Jesse,  D.D.,  1772-1819,  was  the  second 
President  of  Bowdoiu  College.  He  pub.  several  sermons, 
1707-1 S18. 

Appleton,  John.  Reports  of  the  Supreme  Judicial 
Court  of  Maine  in  1841,  2  vols.  8vo,  being  vols.  xix.  and 
XX.  of  Maine  Reports,  HallowcU,  1842-43. 

Appleton,  Nathaniel,  D.D.,  1693-1784,  minister  of 
Cambridge,  Mass.,  pub.  a  number  of  Theological  works, 
1728-70. 

Appreece.     See  Rhrse.  John  David. 
Apsley,   Sir   Allen.     Order  and    Disorder;    or   the 
World  made  and  undone,  Lon.,  1679.     A  Poem. 

Apthorp,  East,  1732-1816,  an  Episcopal  minister, 
^as  the  son  of  Charles  Apthorp,  a  merchant  of  Boston, 
New  England.  He  studied  at  Jesus  College,  Cambridge, 
Englantl,  and  in  1790  became  prebend  of  Finsbury  in  St. 
Paul's  Cathedral.  He  pub.  a  number  of  Theological  works, 
17G1-S6,  some  of  which  are  held  in  high  estimation.  Let- 
ter on  the  Prevalence  of  Christianity  before  its  civil  estab- 
lishment: with  observations  on  a  late  History  of  the  De- 
cline of  the  Roman  Empire,  Lon.,  1778. 

This  is  one  of  the  many  answers  to  the  illogical  insinua- 
tions of  Gibbon  in  the  above-named  work. 

"  The  author  has  enriched  this  work  with  many  learned  remarks, 
and  espu'cially  with  a  catalojiue  of  civil  and  ecclesiastical  historians, 
which  the  reader  will  find  to  be  very  useful." — Bishop  Watson. 
Discourses  on  Prophecy,  2  vols.,  1786. 
"These  discourses  were  read  at  the  Waiburtmiian  lectures,  at 
which  the  celebrated  Discourses  of  lii^hnp  lluid  were  also  de- 
livered; and  are  not  unworthy  of  thf  i.bjr<t  which  the  learned 
prelate  had  iu  view  iu  the  estalilir^hnieut  of  that  foundation.  The 
topics  embraced  by  Dr.  Apthorp  are.  the  history  of  prophecy;  Ca- 
nons of  Interpretation:  propheties of  the  birth  of  Chiist:  chrono- 
lofjical  characters  of  the  Mi-Bsi.ih:  ihenlo-^ical  characters  of  the 
Mrssi;ih;  prophecies  of  thi-  driih  nfi  liiist:  of  the  kin<;dom  of 
Christ;  characters  of  vViitirln  i-i  .  tlj.  iii\stic  Tyre,  and  the  orijzin 
anil  iirnjrn-Ks  of  the  Iti-tix  mkM  i^'ti.  'I'lu-i-  subjects  are  discussed 
with  i<>iivt,i,-i;tM(.  ability  :iiiil  ui  i-iiiality.  aud  abound  with  clear  and 
BQti.sl-K'tdry  vi.-ws  of  (bi>  irn-at  ilnrt ring's  nf  Christianity." — OltME. 
'•  A  iiiHst  r\i'L-lli-iit  and  biL'bly'i'stfrim-ii  work." — Lowndes. 
ArbucJvIe,  Jas.,  1700-1734.  1.  Hibernieus's  Letters, 
pub.  in  the  Dublin  Journal,  Lon.,  1729,  2  vols.  2.  Poems. 
Arbuthnot,  Rev.  Alexander,  1538-1582,  was  Prin- 
cipal (d'  the  Ihiivorsity  of  AI>erdeen.  Ho  edited  Bucha- 
nan's Hi.^tory  of  Scotiaml,  imb.  1582.  His  only  produc- 
tion is  his  Orationes  do  Origine  et  Dignitato  Juris.,  Edin., 
1572.  He  was  very  serviceable  to  the  Church  of  Scotland. 
James  VI.  was  much  displeased  at  his  editing  Buchanan's 
History.  See  Delit.  Poet.  Scot,  for  Latin  verses  by  Thomas 
Mailland,  aud  an  epitaph  by  Andrew  Melvil,  both  in  ho- 
nour of  our  author. 

Arbnlhuot,  Arch.  Life,  Ac,  of  Lord  Lovat.  Lon., 
1746.     Life,  (tc,  of  Miss  Jenny  Cameron,  Lon.,  1746. 

Arbuthnot,  John,  M.D.,  1675-1734-5,  was  a  native 
of  Arbuthnot,  near  Montrose.  He  studied  at  the  College 
of  Aberdeen,  where  he  took  his  degree  of  M.D,  Upon  his 
removal  to  London,  his  uncommon  powers  of  wit  and  ripe 
scholarship  introduced  him  to  the  society  of  the  principal 
literary  characters  of  the  day,  with  whom  he  was  a  great 
favourite.  For  some  time  he  supported  himself  by  teaching 
mathematics.  In  1697,  Dr.  Woodward  pub.  an  Essay  to- 
wards a  natural  history  of  the  Earth,  in  which  he  threw  out 
some  singular  views  respecting  the  Deluge.  Arbuthnot  at- 
66 


tacked  this  Essay  with  great  success  iu  an  E.xamination  of 
Dr.  W.'s  Account,  Ac.  which  at  once  established  his  fame. 
In  1700,  he  pub.  a  treatise  On  the  Usefulness  of  Mathemati- 
cal Learning,  which  increased  his  reputation.  An  interest- 
ing paper  Ou  the  Regularity  of  the  Births  of  both  Sexes,  (a 
moEt  conclusive  proof  of  a  superintending  Providence,) 
procured  bis  election  in  1704  into  the  Royal  Society.  In 
1712  appeared  the  first  part  of  The  History  of  John  Bull, 
intended  to  ridicule  Marlborough,  and  dissatisfy  the  nation 
with  the  war.  There  *'  never  was  a  piditical  allegory  ma- 
naged with  more  exquisite  humour,  or  with  a  more  skilful 
adaptation  of  characters  and  circumstances."  Swift,  in 
his  Journal  to  Stella,  and  Pope,  in  Spence's  Anecdotes, 
both  attribute  this  work  to  Arbuthnot,  and  certainly  their 
testimony  should  settle  the  question.  Arbuthnot  published 
a  number  of  other  works,  the  most  celebrated  of  which  was 
Tables  of  Ancient  Coins,  Weights,  aud  Measures;  2d  ed.,1727. 
"  Although  there  are  several  inaccuracies  in  it,  which  could 
hardly  be  avoided  iu  so  intricate  a  subject,  it  is  a  work  of  great 
merit,  and  has  ever  since  been  considered  as  the  standard  author- 
ity."— Encyc.  Britannica. 

.The  ''Miscellaneous  Works  of  Dr.  Arbuthnot,"  pub.  in 
2  vols,  in  1751,  were  publicly  denied  by  his  son  to  be  his 
father's  productions. 

'■  Positive  as  is  this  assurance,  and  thoufrh  some  few  may  be 
spurious,  the  style  and  character  of  many  fully  prove  them  to  be 
geuuine." — Jfuse's  BiiH/.  Diet. 

The  celebrated  Scriblerus  Club  was  formed  in  1714. 
Arbuthnot  and  his  intimate  friends,  Pope,  Gray,  and  Swift, 
together  with  Ilarley,  Atterbury,  and  Congreve,  were  mem- 
bers of  this  brilliant  circle.  The  object  of  these  wits  was 
to  "ridicule  all  the  false  tastes  in  learning,  under  the  cha- 
racter of  a  man  of  capacity  enough,  that  had  dipped  into 
every  art  and  scieuce,  but  injudiciously  in  each." — Pope. 
The  club  was  not  of  long  continuance,  but  we  have  as  its 
fruits,  The  First  Book  of  Martinus  Scriblerus.  The  Travels 
of  Gulliver,  and  The  Art  of  Sinking  iu  Poetry. 

"There  seems  to  be  every  reason  to  believe,  that  of  the  three 
pieces.  Arbuthnot  was  the  sole  author  of  the  first,  Swift  of  the 
second,  and  Pope  of  the  last." — /^e/ros^j.  Jievimv. 

Dr.  Johnson  has  asserted  that  no  one  was  ever  wiser, 
better,  or  merrier  for  reading  the  Memoirs  of  Scriblerus. 
Dui-ing  the  last  illness  of  Queen  Anne,  in  1714,  Doctors 
Arbuthnot  and  Mead  attended  her  majesty  :  to  this  Gay 
alludes  in  the  Prologue  to  the  Shepherd's  Week: 
"This  leach  Arbuthnot  was  yclept, 
Who  many  a  night  not  ouce  had  slept. 
But  watched  our  i^racious  sovereign  still; 
For  who  could  rest  while  she  was  ill?" 
Swift  replied  to  a  lady  who  desired  to  know  his  opinion 
concerning  Arbuthnot,  "  He  has  more  wit  than  we  all  have, 
aud  his  humanity  is  equal  to  his  wit.'*     In  one  of  his 
poems,  he  laments  that  he  is 

"  Far  from  his  kind  Arbuthnot's  aid. 
Who  knows  his  art,  but  not  his  trade." 

Dr.  Johnson,  when  talking  of  the  eminent  writers  in 
Queen  Anne's  reign,  observed  : 

"I  think  Dr.  ArVmthnot  the  first  man  amon^  them.  He  was 
the  most  universid  [genius,  biring  an  excellent  physician,  a  man 
of  deep  learning,  and  a  man  of  much  humour." 

Pope  declared  that  he  was  fitter  to  live  or  die  than  any 
man  he  knew : 

•■  His  good  morals  were  equ.al  to  any  man's,  but  his  irit  and 
humour  superior  to  all  mankind." 

"  Oh  if  the  w  orld  had  but  a  dozen  Arbuthnots  in  it,  I  would 
burn  my  travels!  but.  however,  he  is  not  without  fault.  There 
is  a  passage  in  ISede  highly  commending  the  ]>itty  and  learning 
of  the  lri.sh  in  that  age,  where,  after  abundance  of  praises,  he 
overthrows  them  all,  by  lamenting  that,  alas !  they  kept  l^aster 
at  a  wi-ong  time  of  the  year.  So  our  doctor  has  every  quality  and 
virtue  that  can  make  a  man  amiable  and  nsefid,  but,  alas!  he 
hath  a  sort  of  slouch  in  his  walk."— De.vn  Swift. 

This  slouch  in  the  doctor's  walk  is  noticed  in  a  letter 
from  pope  to  Mr.  Digby,  in  which,  after  recommending 
Arbuthnot  to  Mrs.  Mary  Digby,  he  say,s : 

"  lint,  indeed,  I  fear  she  would  not  walk  with  him.  for,  as  Dean 
Swift  observed  to  nie  the  very  first  time  I  saw  the  doctor,  *  He  is 
a  man  that  can  do  every  thing  but  walk.' " 

"  Although  he  was  justly  celebrated  for  wit  and  learning,  there 
was  an  excellence  in  his  character  more  amiable  than  all  his  other 
(jualifications:  1  mean  the  goodness  of  his  heart.  .  .  .  lie  is  seldom 
serious,  except  in  his  attacks  upon  vice,  and  there  his  spirit  rises 
with  a  manly  strength  and  noble  indignation." — Lord  Orrery. 

Archard,     Essay  on  the  French  Nobility,  1798. 

ArchboUI,  J.  F*,,  an  eminent  writer  on  Law.  1.  The 
Practice  of  the  Court  of  King's  Bench,  in  personal  Ac- 
tions and  Ejectments,  Sth  cd.,  by  Thomas  Chitty.  Includ- 
ing the  Practice  of  the  Courts  of  Common  Pleas  and  Ex- 
chequer, 2  vols.  12ino,  Lon.,  1840,  '45,  '17;  9th  edit., 
adapted  to  the  Ct>nimon  Law  Procedure  Act,  1852,  entitled 
j  Proc.  Ctmrts  Queen's  Bench.  2  vols.  Svo,  1855  j  2d  Ame- 
i  rican  ed.,  2  vols.  Svo,  New  York,  1838. 


ARC 


"This  is  the  leading  work  on  practifp  in  Enjrland.  In  the 
United  States.  Tidd's  Practice  is  pmliaMy  in  iricre  trencral  use 
than  any  other  Enjilish  book  upon  the  conmion  law  practice,  and 
'  has  been  universally  allowed  to  be  a  mod.-I  of  completeness  and 
accuracy.'  The  reputation  of  Mr.  Archbold's  treatise,  is  niaiuiy 
attributable  to  its  excelltnt  arrangement  and  perspicuous  style. 
It  li,id  Ila^.sl■d  tlitnu;£h  two  editions,  when  Mr.  T.  Chit ty  tirst  edited 
the  I -link,  intn  which  he  has  incorporated  the  changes  made  in  (he 
En'ilish  pia<iice.  by  the  '  Uniformity  of  Process  Act,' and  the  rules 
and  decisions  consequent  upon  its  passajre.  AVarren's  Law  Stu- 
dies. 75'2;  1  Jurist,  ■itV—Man-in's  Lcf/al  Bihl. 

2.  The  Law  and  Practice  in  Bankruptcy,  p.s  founded 
on  the  recent  statutes,  9th  ed.,  by  J.  Flalher.  l'>mo  Lon 
1S42;  KUb  ed.,  1S44;  lUb  ed..  by  J<,hn  Fhither'  1858! 
12mo.  3.  A  Summary  of  the  Law  relative  to  Pleading 
and  Evidence  in  Criminal  Cases,  with  the  statutes,  pre- 
cedents of  indictmonts.  Ac.  and  the  evidence  necessary  to 
support  them;  9th  cd.,  by  Sir  J.  Jervis,  Knt.,  12mo,  Lon  , 
1S4.3;  11th  ed.,  by  W.  N.  Welsby,  1S49  ;  18th  ed.,  by  Welsby^ 
Lon.,  1S56;  4th  American  ed.,  8vo,  New  York,  1843:  5th. 
from  inth  Lon.  cd.,  1840. 

''  Trifling  as  it  may  seem,  it  has  cost  me  much  time  and  great 
Irtbour.  I  have  taken  infinite  pains  to  simplify  my  subject;  to 
reject  every  tliinu'  n-rhiii.laiit  or  irrelevant :  to  compress  the  whole 
into  thesm.illi'st  pnssibb-  nmipass  consistent  with  perspicuity;  and 
to  clothe  it  iu  hmgiiaj^Lt  plain,  simple,  and  unadorned.'' 

"This  treatise  is  a  standaid  work  of  great  i>ractical  utility  in 
England  and  America."— ifo/x-m's  Lf.gal  Bihl. 

4.  A  Digest  of  the  Law  relative  to  Pleadings  and  Evidence 
in  Civil  Actions;  2d  ed.,  12mo.  Lon.,  1837  ;  2d  Amer.  ed., 
from  the  2d  Lon.  ed.,  N.  York,  183S.  5.  The  New  Practice 
of  Attorneys  iu  the  Courts  of  Law  at  Westminster;  with 
forms,  including  tlie  recent  statute  as  tu  attorneys;  also 
an  appendi.K,  comprising  questions  of  practice,  2  vols. 
12mo,  Lon.,  1844;  3d  ed.,  1846,  1847. 

"  The  author,  feeling  himself  aggrieved  at  the  liberties  taken  by 
Mr.  Chitty,  as  editor  of  his  treatise  upon  The  Practice  of  the  Court 
of  Queen's  Bench,  appears  to  have  pn^pared  this  book  of  Practice 
as  a  rival  work  to  that  altered  by  T.  Chitty,  2  Jurist,  571." — Mar- 
vin's Li'gal  Bihl. 

6.  Peel's  Acts,  and  all  other  Criminal  Statutes,  passed 
from  1  G.  IV.  to  the  present  time,  including  the  criminal 
clauses  of  the  Keform  Act,  with  the  forms  of  indictments, 
Ac.,  and  the  evidence  necessary  to  support  them;  3d  ed., 
2  vols.  12mo,  Lon.,  1835. 

"  Peel's  Acts,  and  the  Statutes  subsequently  enacted  upon  the 
subject  of  the  Pleas  of  the  Crown,  now  form  nearly  an  entire  body 
of  Crown  Law;  all  the  great  olfences  (with  the  exception  of  High 
Treason)  and  many  of  the  minor  offences  have  been  made  the  sub- 
ject of  their  provisions.  The  present  edition  contaius  the  whole 
of  the  Criminal  St^itutes  passed  since  the  60th  George  III;  and 
each  section,  defining  an  offence,  is  followed  by  the  form  of  the 
indictment,  &c.,  and  the  evidence  necessary  to  support  it." — Mar- 
vm^s  Legal  Bibl. 

7.  Collection  of  Forms  and  Entries  in  the  Courts  of  K. 
B.  and  C.  P.;  2d  ed.,  12mo,  Lou.,  1828.  8.  The  Jurisdic- 
tion and  Practice  of  the  Court  of  Quarter  Sessions,  with 
forms  of  indictment,  notices  of  appeals,  &c.,  12mo,  Lon., 
1836. 

"  This  production  is  in  part  compiled  from  the  author's  previous 
publications.  Dickinson's  treatise  upon  the  same  subject,  written 
many  years  since,  in  consequence  of  the  many  changes  in  tlie  law. 
has  now  little  practical  v.alue.  Mr.  Archie -Ids  bnok  will  be  of  great 
assistance  to  every  professional  man  prartisiog  in  the  Court  of 
Quarter  Sessions,  1  Jurist,  01." — Ma?-viii's  Lrgnl  Bib). 

9.  Digest  of  the  Laws  relative  to  offences  against  God  and 
Religion,  with  the  Laws  which  affect  Protestant  Dissenters 
and  Roman  Catholics,  with  the  Toleration  Act,  8vo,  Lon., 
1813.    10.  Digest  of  the  Pleas  of  the  Crown,  8vo,  Lon.,  1813. 

"  This  is  one  of  three  volumes  of  a  Digest  of  Criminal  Law,  that 
Mr.  Arehbold  had  prepared  for  the  press,  but  almut  tlie  time  this 
volume  was  published,  several  similar  books  w<-ie  issued,  and  the 
two  remaining  volumes  never  appeared.  IIow.'vii-.  In-  has  incor- 
porated these  parts  of  his  unpublished  Digest  into  his  Summary 
of  Pleading  and  Evidence  in  Criminal  Cas&s,  9.  V." — Marvin's  Le- 
gal Bibl. 

11.  Law  relative  to  Commitments  and  Convictions  by 
Justices  of  the  Peace,  with  forms,  12mo,  London.  1828. 
12.  Recent  Criminal  Statutes,  with  forms  of  indictment, 
notes,  and  index,  12mo,  Lou.,  1837.  13.  The  New  Bank- 
rupt Act,  5  and  6  Vict.  c.  122,  with  observations,  showing 
the  alterations  effected  in  the  law  and  practice,  arranged 
on  the  plan  of,  and  intended  as  a  supplement  to,  the  9th 
ed.  of  Archbold's  Bankruptcy,  &c.  By  John  Flather, 
12mo,  Lon.,  1842.  14.  Justice  of  the  Peace  and  Parish 
Officer,  comprising  the  Law  relative  to  their  several  duties, 
with  all  the  necessary  Forms  of  Commitments,  Convictions, 
Orders,  &c.,  3d  ed.,  3  vols.  12mo,  Lon.,  1845 ;  4th  ed., 
1846;  continued  to  1850.  The  third  volume  of  this  work 
is  also  published  separately  uuder  the  title  of  Archbold's 
Poor  Laws.  15.  The  Poor  Laws.  Comprising  all  the 
authorities  to  1844;  4th  ed.,  Svo,  Lon.,  1845. 
_  •'  Mr.  Arehbold  has  long  since  earned  a  fair  and  deserved  reputa^ 
tion  for  the  work  of  which  this  is  the  fourth  edition.  We  think 
it,  upon  the  whole,  the  best  of  the  Archboldiana.  ...  Its  com- 


plained-of  defects  are  the  citing  of  manuscript  cases,  without  re- 
ferring tit  the  volumes  in  which  they  were  subscquiMitlv  print<?d, 
unnecessarily  increasing  '  the  perplexing  distlnctiutis  which  beset 
this  vexed  branch  of  the  law,'  and  the  omission  of  the  Title  Bas- 
tardy."— M'H-viTi\t  Legal  Bihl. 

"  Notwithstanding  its  occasional  sins  of  omission  and  hardihood, 
we  find  far  nioie  iiS  this  book  to  praise  than  to  criticise,  and  pro- 
nounce it.  in  every  sense  of  the  word,  a  useful  work." — 2  London 
Law  Mag,,  N.  S.  lOS. 

16.  The  Law  of  Nisi  Prius;  comprising  the  Decbiratione 
and  other  Pleadings  in  Personal  Actirms,  and  the  Evitlence 
necessary  to  support  them,  2  vols.  ]2mo,  Lon.,  1843:  2d 
ed.,  1845  ;  3d  Amer.  ed.,  annotated  by  Hon.  J.  K.  Findlay, 
Phila.,  1853,  2  vols.  8vo. 

••'I'he  plan  of  this  work  is.  to  give  under  earh  head  precedents 
of  the  various  pleadings  in  strict  accordance  with  the  new  system; 
the  evidence  necessary  to  support  the  various  issues  taken ;  and  a 
concise  and  correct  statement  of  the  general  law  on  all  the  topics 
treated  of  in  the  work. 

"Mr.  Arehbold  has  no  superior  as  a  writer  of  practical  works, 
whether  we  regard  their  number,  or  utility,  and  but  oue  e((ual, 
Mr.  Chitty.  This  treatise  is  more  compiessed  than  Mr.  Stephen's 
Nisi  Prius.  treating  only  of  personal  actions,  as  assumpsit,  account, 
debt,  &c.  This  work  is  well  arranged,  and  valuable  as  far  as  it 
goes.  Warren's  Law  Stud.  772;  2li  L.  O.  SI." — Marvin's  Legal  Bibl. 

17.  The  Magistrate's  Pocket  Book,  or  an  epitome  of  the 
duties  and  practice  of  a  Justice  of  the  Peace  out  of  Ses- 
sions, alphabetically  arranged,  with  forms  of  commitments; 
to  which  is  added  a  copious  and  general  index;  4th  ed., 
(W.  Robinson,)  1842,  12mo.  18.  Practice  in  the  Crown 
sideof  the  Queen's  Bench,  with  forms,  tfcc,  12mo,  Lon.,  1844. 

"This  work  fully  sustains  the  reputation  of  Mr.  Arehbold,  and 
higher  praise  could  not  well  be  given." — Law  Tinie!i. 

19.  Act  for  the  Amendment  of  the  Poor  Laws  4  and  5 
Wm.  IV.  c.  76,  with  a  practical  introduction,  notes,  and 
forms;  5th  ed..  12mo,  Lon.,  1839.  20.  Summary  of  the  Law 
relative  to  Appeals  against  orders  of  removal,  against  rales, 
and  against  orders  of  filiation ;  together  with  the  Practice  of 
the  Court  of  Quarter  Sessions  in  Appeals;  2d  ed.,  2  vols. 
12mo,  Lon.,  1831.  New  System  of  Criminal  Procedure, 
&c.,  1852,  ]2mo  ;  Amer.  ed.  by  T.  W.  Waterman,  N.  York, 
1852.  In  1811,  this  useful  writer  published  an  edition  of 
Blackstone's  Commentaries,  with  notes,  in  4  vols,  royal 
8vo.  lie  is  the  author  of  several  legal  compilations.  Ac, 
in  addition  to  those  above  noticed.  For  Mr.  Archbold's 
invaluable  labours  the  thanks  of  the  profession,  and  the 
gratitude  of  the  public  at  large,  are  eminently  due. 

Arehbold,  John.     Serm.  on  1  Pet.  i.  16,  Lon.,  1621. 

Archtlale,  John.  A  new  Description  of  the  fertile 
and  pleasant  Province  of  Carolina,  Lon..  1707.  This  gen. 
tleman  was  governor  of  Carolina,  1695-1701? 

"A  captain  of  a  vessel  from  Madagascar,  on  his  way  to  Great 
Britjun.  anchored  off  Sullivan's  Island,  and  made  a  present  to  the 
governor  of  a  bag  of  seed  rice,  which  ho  had  brought  from  the  East. 
This  rice  the  governor  divided  among  some  of  his  friends,  who 
agreed  to  make  an  experiment.  The  success  equalled  their  expec- 
tation, and  from  this  small  beginning  arose  the  staple  commodity 
of  Carolina." 

Archdall,  Mervyn,  1723-1791,  an  "exemplary  Pro- 
testant divine  and  learned  antiquary,"  was  a  native  of 
Dublin.  Do  prepared  himself,  by  forty  years  of  zealous 
labour,  for  the  compilation  of  his  Monasticon  Hibernicum; 
or,  an  History  of  the  Abbeys.  Priories,  and  other  Religious 
Houses  in  Ireland,  Dublin,  1786. 

"It  contains  mam  parli.  uhirs  which  will  gratifv  the  antiiiuary's 
curiosity.  .  .  .  Itislln^  \  :iliiablr  on  acinuni  ..fits  luring  com- 
piled fromaufhenlir  -.l!n  i.-d  ir.nnis,  tli.-  trulh  of  whieh  cannot  be 
called  iu  question."— A^-n.  M-uthh/  /U'vifw,  IT-SO. 

•■  The  late  learned  Dr.  Pocock.  Bishop  of  Ossory  and  of  Meath, 
pointed  out  the  method  here  adopted,  procured  many  necessary 
documents,  and  had  the  goodness  to  encourage  the  author  with 
solid  favours.  .  .  .  We  sincerely  congratulate  the  sister  kingdom 
on  such  a  compilation." — Lon.  Gciilkman's  Magazine,  17S6. 

In  1789  our  learned  .luthor  pub.  an  edition  of  Lodge's 
Peerage  of  Ireland,  which  he  increased  from  four  to  seven 
volumes. 

"  The  cause  of  the  extension  of  the  latter  work,  however,  is  afr- 
tributed  to  Mrs.  Archdall's  skill  in  deciphering  the  short-hand 
notes  of  Mr.  Lodge.''— i^o.-^p's  Biog.  Did. 

Let  Mrs.  Archdall's  name  be  handed  down  from  anti- 
quary to  antiquary  to  the  end  of  time! 

Archdekin,  (called  also  Mac  Gilla  Cuddy,)  Richard, 
1619-1  ri9n  ?  jL  .Tesuit.  was  a  native  of  Kilkenny.  He  pub. 
several  theological  works,  which  enjoyed  extensive  popu- 
larity. His  Essny  on  Miracles  was  pub.  (Louvanii)  1667. 
The  Theolugicie  Trlparta  Uuiversa  reached  the  eleventh 
edition  in  1700.  "  At  the  time  the  eighth  edition  was  un- 
dertaken, there  were  16,000  copies  of  this  work  disposed 
of,  and  a  great  demand  for  more." 

Archer,  A.     Serm.  on  Victory  at  Blenheim,  1704. 

Archer,  C.  Observ.  on  the'Efl'ect  of  Oxygen,  &c,, 
Lon.,  1  798. 


ARC 


ARM 


Archer,  C.  P.  Digest  of  Reports  Common  Law, 
Ireland,  Lon.,  Svo. 

Archer,  E.  Sermon,  Zech.  vii.  4,  5,  1710.  Sermon, 
1711,  Lon. 

Archer,  Kdmond.  Charity  Sermon  on  2  Cor.  viii. 
0.  1712. 

Archer,  Jas.,  a  Roman  Catholic  clergyman.  1.  Ser- 
mons for  all  the  Sundays  in  the  Year,  Lon.,  1783,  4  vols. 
2.  Sermons  for  the  principal  Festivals  in  the  Year.  Both 
pub.  incorporated,  Lon.,  1794,  5  vols. 

■'  Excellent  Catholic  sltuious." — Lowndes. 

"  It  has  been  Art-her's  aim  to  satisfy  reason,  whilst  he  pleased, 
ch:ii'me(i,  and  instructed  her;  to  impress  upon  the  mind  just  no- 
tions of  the  mysteries  and  truths  of  the  Kospel;  and  to  show  that 
the  ways  of  virtue  are  the  ways  of  pleasantness,  and  her  paths 
the  paths  of  peace.  To  almost  every  Protestant  library,  and  to 
many  a  Protestant  toilet,  these  sermons  have  found  their  way." — 
Charles  Butler. 

Archer,  John.     Personal  Reign  of  Christ,  Lon.,  1643. 

Archer,  John,  an  English  physician  tcmjK  Charles 
XL  Every  Man  his  own  Duetor,  Lon.,  1671.  The  same, 
completed  with  an  Herbal,  1673.  Secrets  Disclosed;  or, 
a  Treatise  of  Consumptions,  their  various  Causes  and 
Cures,  Lon.,  1684,  1693.  Beloe  (Anecdotes,  vol.  i.  20.1!) 
gives  an  account  of  several  inventions  by  I)r.  Archer. 

Archer,  J«  Statis.  Survey  of  County  of  Dublin^  Dubl., 
1803. 

Archer,  John.     A  Sermon,  1  Kings  ii.  15.  1714. 

Archer,  Major,  R.A.,  late  Aide-dG-Camp  to  Lord 
Combcrmere.  Tuurs  in  Upper  India  and  Himaiaya,  Lon., 
1833,  2  vols.  8vo.     Reviewed  in  Edin.  Rev.,  Iviii.  358. 

Archer,  Sir  Simon,  b.  1581.  a  zealous  antiquary, 
contributed  to  King's  Vale  Royal.  Sir  Wm.  Dufj^dale, 
who  was  greatly  aided  by  Sir  Simon  in  his  literary  outset, 
used  his  patron's  collections  for  Warwickshire  when  he 
pub.  his  Antiquities  of  that  county.  See  Dugdale's  Cor- 
respondence. 

Archer,  T.  C.  First  Steps  to  Economic  Botany, 
Lon.,  r.  lOnio.     Popular  Economic  Botany,  sq.  Svo. 

Archer,  W.  N.     The  Double-Armed  Man,  1625. 

Arcy,  O'Azile.     Prejudice  and  Physiognomy,  1817. 

Arcy,   Patrick  D',     See  D'Averv. 

Ardern,  John,  an  eminent  English  surgeon  of  the 
14lh  century.  The  MSS.  of  several  of  his  works  are  in 
tho  British  Museum ;  only  one  has  been  printed,  Fistula 
in  Ano,  translated  and  pub.  by  John  Read,  in  1 JSS. 

■'  Ilis  method  of  treatment  was  in  accordance  with  that  proposed 
by  Celsus  aud  Paul  us  iEgineta.  He  superseded  the  cruel  practice 
of  his  day,  the  cautery,  as  used  by  Albucasis.  ...  He  mav  be 
looked  upon  as  having  been  the  earliest  to  introduce  a  rational 
practice  into  England." 

Freind  and  Eloy  give  an  example  of  his  rapacity  for 
fees  in  cases  of  operation  for  the  fistula. 

"Centum  Miu-cas(a  Nobili)  vel  XI.  Ijbras  cum  robis et feodis — et 
centum  solidos  per  annum  ad  terminum  vita\  Aft^r  stipulating 
with  his  patients  in  regard  to  the  fees  he  was  to  receive,  he  took 
security  for  the  payment." — Rnxf^s  Biog.  Dirt. 

Arderne,  Jas.,  d.  1691,  an  "English  divine,  was  of 
Christ  Coll.,  Camb.,  and  Brasenose  Coll.,  Oxf.  Direc- 
tions concerning  the  Matter  and  Stylo  of  Sermons,  1671  ; 
aud  some  other  works.     He 

■•  Run  with  the  humour  of  K.  James  II.,  and,  therefore,  did 
suffer  several  indignities  and  affronts  from  the  vulgar  of  and  near 
Chester.  .  .  .  By  his  will  be  bequeathed  his  books  and  chief  part  of 
his  estate  to  provide  and  maintain  a  public  library  in  the  cathe- 
dral church  of  Chester  for  the  use  of  the  city  and  clergy." — }Vood's 
At/ien.  Ozon. 

Such  benefactors  aro  "worthy  of  double  honour." 

Ardcron,  Wm.,  a  contributor  of  m.any  papers  on 
Natural  Pliilosophy  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1744-63. 

Ardesoif,  J.  P.  A  work  upon  Gunnery,  &c.,  Gos- 
port,  1772. 

Ardley,  Geo.     Autumn  Leaves;  a  Poem,  Lon.,  1803. 

Argall,  John,  d.  1606,  of  Christ  Church.  Oxf.,  be- 
came parson  of  a  market-town  in  Sutfolk,  called  Hales- 
worth.  1.  De  Vera  pffinitentia,  Lon.,  1604.  2.  Intro- 
ductio  ad  artem  Dinleeticam,  Lon.,  1605. 

"  Very  facete  and  pleasant." — }V'io<.Vs  Aflir.n.  Orrm. 

Ar^all,  Uichard,  was  author  of  The  Song  of  Songs. 
Lon.,  1621 ;  The  Bride's  Ornament,  Lon.,  1021  ;  and  some 
other  works.  "  I  must  lot  the  reader  know,"  says  Anthony 
Wood,  "that  in  my  searches  I  find  one  Rich.  Argall  to  be 
noted  in  the  reign  of  K.  James  I.  for  an  excellent  divine 
poet." 

Arsrall,  Sir  Samuel,  deputy  Governor  of  Virginia, 
1617-19.  An  account  of  his  voyage  from  Jamestown,  be- 
ginning June  19.  1610,  in  which,  "missing  Bermuda,  he 
put  over  towards  Sagadahoc  and  Capo  Cod,"  and  his 
Letter  respecting  his  voyage  to  Virginia,  1613,  will  be 
found  in  the  collection  of  Purchas 
68 


Ar^anston,  J.    The  Mutationsof  the  Seas,  Lon.,  1683, 

Ar^ns,  Arabella.  The  Juvenile  Spectator,  Lon., 
1812,  Ac. 

Argyle.     See  Campbell,  George  John  Douglas. 

Arkwright,  T.  Essay  upon  Raising  Ore,  Tr.  Soc. 
Arts,  1791. 

Arlington,  Earl  of.  Letters  to  Sir  Vt'm.  Temple, 
(1665-70,)  and  others,  Lon.,  1701. 

"These  letters  afford  an  insight  into  tho  secret  and  obscure 
management  of  affairs  during  the  above  interesting  period." — 

LOW-VDES. 

Armigix,  T.  Varicose  Aneurism,  Med.  Obs.  and 
Inq..  1771. 

Arniin,  or  Armyn,  Robert,  was  attached  to  the 
company  licensed  by  K.  James  L,  1603,  under  Fletcher 
and  Shakspeare.  He  was  of  note  as  an  actor,  and  the 
author  of  several  works.  Discourse  of  Eliz.  Caldwell, 
Lon.,  1604.  Nest  of  Ninnies,  16US.  Italian  Taylor  and 
his  Boy,  (from  the  Italian,)  1609.  The  Biog.  Dramatica 
gives  him  credit  for  The  Valiant  Welshman,  pub.  by  A. 
R.,  Lon.,  1615.  This  was  reprinted  in  1663.  A  copy  of 
the  first  edition  was  sold  at  Sotheby's,  in  1831,  for  £4  7s. 
At  the  Gordonstoun  sale.  The  Italian  Taylor  and  his  Boy 
sold  fur  £12  12s.  Reprinted  in  fac-simile,  1811,  price  os. 
In  the  preface  to  this  tract  he  anticipates  a  rough  hand- 
ling from  the  Grub-street  critics  of  his  day  : 

"■  Kvery  pt-n  and  inck-horne  boy  will  throw  up  bis  cap  at  the 
homes  of  the  Mooue  in  Censure,  although  his  wit  hang  there." 

Armstrong.     History  of  the  Minority,  Lon.,  1764. 

Armstrong.     Scottish  Atlas,  Edin.,  1727,  &c. 

Armstrong,  Arch.  Archy's  Dream,  Lon.,  1641.  Ar- 
chee's  Banquet  of  Jests,  1657;  Jests,  posthumous,  1660. 

Armstrong,  Chas.,  M.D.  Med.  Essays,  Lon.,  1783- 
18 12. 

Armstrong,  F.  C.  1.  Two  Midshipmen;  a  Novel, 
Lioi..  '.'•  vi'l.-.  p.  ^vfK     2.  War  Hawk,  3  vols.  p.  Svo. 

Armstrong,  Fras.,  M.D.    Med.  Essays,  &e.,  1783-85. 

Armstrong,  Geo.,  M.D.  An  Essay  on  the  Diseases 
most  fatal  to  Infants,  &c.,  Lon.  1767.  This  popular  work 
was  rcpub.  in  1771,  again  in  1788;  and  in  ISOS  another 
edition,  enlarged,  was  pub.  by  A.  P.  Buchan,  M.D. 

"■  That  part  of  medicine  which  regards  the  diseases  of  infants  has 
hitherto  lain  uncultivated.  I  do  not  pretend  to  account  for  this 
stmngB  neglect :  nor  is  it  to  my  purpose." — Preface  tn  first  edition. 

"  A  load  of  medicines  is  in  all  cases  to  he  condemned,  but  par- 
ticularly where  infixiits  are  the  patients.  The  little  essay  before 
us  is  ciiietly  to  Vie  commended  for  its  simplicity  in  this  respect. 
Many  of  the  observations  are  plain  and  useful;  and  the  medicines 
few.  eflicacioup.  and  easy  to  be  administered." — 3Ionth.  Heinew.  1767. 

Armstrong,  James.    Practical  Sermons,  Lon.,  1605. 
Armstrong,  John.     The  Soul's  Work  and  Danger, 

1704. 

Armstrong,  John,  Priest-vicar  of  Exeter  Cathedral, 
and  Rect.  of  St.  Paul's,  Exeter.  Sermons  on  the  Festivals, 
Oxf.,  1815. 

Armstrong,  John,  M.D.,  1709?-1779,  a  celebrated 
physician  and  poet,  was  the  son  of  a  clergyman,  and  born 
in  the  parish  of  Castleton,  in  Roxburghshire.  He  graduated 
at  the  University  of  Edinburgh,  receiving  his  degree  of 
M.D.  Feb.  4th,  1732.  His  first  poem,  Winter,  although 
written  in  1725,  was  not  published  until  4770,  thirty-five 
years  after  his  earliest  production.  A  Dialogue  between 
Hygeia,  Jlercnry,  and  Pluto.  The  work  which  established 
his  fame  was  The  Art  of  Preserving  Health,  Lon.,  1744. 
Benevolence,  a  poetical  Epistle  to  Eumenes,  appeared  seven 
years  later,  and  in  1753  he  gave  to  the  world.  Taste,  an 
Epistle  to  a  young  Critic.  The  Art  of  Preserving  Health 
has  been  warmly  commended  by  many  eminent  author- 
ities. Warton  praises  it  for  classical  correctness  :  Dr.  Beat- 
tie  predicted  that  it  would  "  make  him  known  aud  esteemed 
by  posterity  ;"  but  adds,  *'  And  I  presume  be  will  be  more 
esteemed  if  all  his  other  works  perish  with  him." 

"  To  describe  so  difficult  a  thing,  gracefully  and  poetically,  as  the 
effects  of  distemper  on  a  human  body,  was  reserved  for  I'r.  Arm- 
strong:, who  accordingly  hath  executed  it  at  the  end  of  his  tliini 
book  of  his  Art  of  Preserving  Health,  where  he  hath  given  u--  th;it 
j«ithetick  account  of  the  sweating  sickness.  There  is  a  chissical 
correctness  and  closeness  of  style  in  this  poem,  that  are  truly  ad- 
mirable, and  the  subject  is  raised  aud  adorned  by  numberless 
poetical  images." — Dr.  Warton's  ReJUctvms  oii  Didactic  Foelnj. 

A  Short  Ramble  through  France  and  Italy  in  1771  j 
Med.  Essays,  1773,  4to. 

Churchill  was  so  enraged  at  Armstrong's  styling  him  a 
"bouncing  mimic,"  in  his  Epistle  to  John  Wilkes,  that  he 
attacked  him  most  savagely  in  his  poem  of  The  Journey. 

Armstrong  was  of  a  very  querulous  temper;  and  his 
friend  Thomson,  the  author  of  The  Seasons,  renmrks, 

"The  doclor  <Iocs  not  decrease  in  spleen ;  biit  tli'-re  is  a  certain 
kiud  of  spleen  that  is  Ituth  humane  and  agreeable,  like  Jacques's  iu 
the  play." 


ASM. 


ARN 


Armstrong,  John,  M.D.,  1784-1829,  took  the  decrea 
of  dot-tor  of  mcilii'ine  of  the  Uuivcrsity  of  Edinl>iirj;h  in 
June.  1808.  1.  Facts  and  Observations  relative  to  Puerpe- 
ral Fever,  Lon..  1814.  2.  Practical  Illustrations  of  Typhus 
and  other  Febrile  Diseases,  1816.  3.  Practical  Illustra- 
tions of  the  Scarlet  Fever,  <fec.,  1818.  The  second-named 
work  went  through  three  large  editions  in  three  successive 
years,  and  conferred  great  celebrity  upon  its  author.  The 
last  named  publication  reached  its  second  edition  before 
the  e.xpiration  of  the  year,  (1818.) 

■•Aniistnm;;  wa.s  a  man  ot  geuiuM  but  ln'.s  attempted  contempt 
of  k'arniiiy  much  disfigures  his  orations.  He  never  failed  to  em- 
brace any  oppoitunity  to  hold  up  to  ridicule  the  learning  ol  scliools 
and  colleges,  and  to  treat  with  neglect  the  claims  of  learned  prac- 
titioners."'— I^OKe^n  liUig.  Diet. 

Contributed  to  Edin.  Med.  and  Surg.  Jour. :  Med.  Intel. ; 
and  Trans,  of  the  Associated  Apothecaries  of  England  and 
AVales.  Published  Ann.  Rep.  of  the  Fever  Hospital  alter- 
nately with  Dr.  Cleverley.  His  Lectures  appeared  in  The 
Lancet,  182o:  and  again,  after  his  death,  va  a  separate 
form,  edited  by  one  of  his  pupils.  Lectures  on  the  Morbid 
Anatomy,  Nature,  and  Treatment  of  Acute  and  Chronic 
Diseases,  by  the  late  John  Armstrong,  M.D. ;  edited  by 
Joscjih  Ri.\,  Svo,  Lou.,  1834.  See  Mem.  of  the  Life  and 
Medical  Opinions  of  J.  Armstrong,  M.D.,  and  by  Francis 
Boot,  M.D.,  2  vols.  Svo,  Lon.,  1S.",4. 

Armstrong,  John.  Hist,  of  the  Is.  of  Minorca.  1752. 

Armstrong,  John,  Vicar  of  Tidenham.  The  Pastor 
in  bis  Closet,  or,  A  Help  to  the  Devotions  of  the  Clergy, 
Oxf ,  1847. 

Armstrong,  Col.  John.  History  of  the  N.avigation 
of  the  Port  of  King's  Lyn  and  of  Cambridge,  <fec.,  Lon.  1725. 

'•  In  176tt,  the  old  title,  prefaces,  and  contents,  were  cancelled, 
and  new  ones  printed,  and  after  the  table  of  contents  is  an  addi- 
tion of  an  Abstract,  cousistin!^  of  two  pages." — Lowxdks. 

Armstrong,  John,  1771-1797.  pub.  Juvenile  Poems, 
(fee.,  Lon.,  1789.  Under  the  fictitious  name  of  Albert,  he 
pub.  1.  Contidential  Letters  from  the  Sorrows  of  Werter, 
Lon.,  1790.     2.  Sonnets  from  Shakspeare.  Lon..  1791. 

Armstrong,  John,  General  in  the  U.  S.  army,  1758- 
1843,  a  niitive  of  Carlisle,  Penna.  Newburg  Addresses. 
Treatise  upon  Gardening.  Treatise  upon  Agriculture. 
Review  of  Geul.  Wilkinson's  Memoirs.  War  of  1S12, 
2  vols.  Biograpincal  Notice.  Gen.  A.  had  partially  pre- 
pared n.  History  of  the  American  Revolution. 

Armstrong,  John,  D.D.,  late  Lord-lJishopof  Grahams- 
town,  d.  1856.  1.  Parochial  Sermons;  2d  ed.,  Lon.,  1857, 
fp.  8vo.  2.  Pastor  in  his  Closet;  2d  ed.,  1857.  fp.  8vo, 
3.  Sermons  on  the  Festivals,  1857.  4.  Es.5ays  on  Church 
Penitentiaries,  1858.  5.  Tracts  for  the  Christian  Seasons; 
1st  and  2d  Series.  8  vols.  6.  Sermons  for  the  Chri^luui 
Seasons,  4  vols.  7.  Tracts  for  Parochial  Use,  7  vols.  8. 
National  Miscellany,  i  vols.  Svo.  See  Life  by  Rev.  T. 
T.  Carter,  M.A.,  Rector  of  Clewer ;  with  an  Introduction 
by  Samuel,  Lord-Bishop  of  O.xford,  fp.  Svo,  1857. 

Armstrong,  Leslie.  The  Anglo-Sa.tons,  Lon.,  1806. 
Armstrong,  iTI.J.  Geographical  Works,  Lon. ,1776-81. 
Armstrong,  Macartney,  and  Ogle.  Reports  of 
Cases  Civ.  and  Crim.,  2  B.  C.  P.,  Ac,  Dublin,  1843. 
Armstrong,  K.  A.  Gaelic  Dictionary,  Lon.,  1825. 
Armstrong,  Robt.  El.  of  the  Lat,  Tongue,  Lou.,  1798. 
Armstrong,  Simon,  M.D.  Con.  to  Annals  of  Med., 
vi.  370,  1801. 

Armstrong,  Wm.     Work  on  Military  Tactics,  Lon., 
1808. 
Armstrong,  Wm.     Theolog.  Treatises,  1796-1812. 
Arnahl,  Richard,  1696?-! 756,  a  Fellow  of  Emma- 
nuel College,  Camb.,  pub.  a  number  of  works,  chiefly  theo- 
logical, 1726-1752.     He  is  best  known  as  the  author  of 
the    Commentary    on    the    Apocryphal    Writings,    which 
generally   accompanies    the    Commentaries    of    Patrick, 
Lowth,  and  Whitby. 
"  A  judicious  and  v.aluable  work." — Lowndes. 
''  This  valuable  commentary  is  deservedly  held  in  hin-h  estima- 
tion."—T.  II.  IIORNE. 

"The  five  volumes  by  Patrick.  Lowth.  and  Arnald  contain  the 
best  commentary  on  the  fUd  Testament  and  the  Apocrypha  which 
we  have  in  the  English  language." — Blsiioi-  \\'.\tson-. 

In  the  2d  edition.  Arnakl's  Commentary  was  enriched 
by  the  notes  of  Jeremiah  Markland,  for  an  account  of 
which,  and  of  the  literary  character  of  Arnald,  see  Nichols's 
Literary  Anecdotes. 

"The  Comment.ary  of  Arnald.  which  was  published  at  tii-st  in 
separate  parts,  is  the  ojily  English  work  on  the  subject.  It  is  gein^ 
rally  judicious,  and  affords  considerable  .assistance  in  understand- 
ing these  books." — Orme. 

The  Commentaries  of  Patrick,  Lowth,  Whitby,  Low- 
man,  and  Arnald  have  been  published  together  in  four 
royal  Svo  volumes,  and  form  a  valuable  manual  for  the 


student.  In  this  connexion,  we  notice  the  excellent  Com- 
preheuKixc  fommpiitari/,  in  six  volumes,  edited  by  Rev. 
Dr.  Jenks,  of  Boston,  V.  States  of  America.  Published  by 
J.  B.  Lii>pincott  &  Co.  We  consider  it  the  best  Family 
Commentary  in  the  language,  and  admirably  adapted  to 
the  wants  id"  P.ible-class  and  Sunday-school  teachers. 

Arnall,  Wm.  A  zealous  supporter  of  the  administra- 
tion of  Sir  liobt,  Walpole,  editor  of  the  True  Briton,  (for 
which  service  he  is  said  to  have  been  compensated  by  £400 
per  annum,)  and  author  of  some  political  tracts,  Ac,  i.a. 
Arnand,  Jasper.  An  alarm  to  all  persons  touching 
their  health,  Lon.,  1740. 

Arne,  Thos.  Augustine,  1710-1778,  a  celebrated 
musical  composer,  is  of  interest  to  litei-ary  men  from  his 
being  the  sou  of  Thomas  Arne,  the  upholsterer,  the  person 
supposed  to  have  been  intended  by  Addison  in  his  charac- 
ter of  the  Politician,  in  Nos.  155"  and  160  of  The  Taller. 
In  1738  .^rne  produced  music  for  Milton's  masque  of  Comus. 
"  In  this  masijue  he  introduced  a  light,  airy,  original,  and  pleas- 
ing melody,  wholly  different  from  I'urcell  and  Handel,  whom  all 
English  composers  h.ad  hitherto  pillaged  or  imitated.  Indeed,  the 
melody  of  Arne  at  thistime,  and  of  his  Vauxhall  songs  afterwards, 
forms  an  era  in  English  music ;  it  was  so  easy,  natural,  and  agree- 
able to  the  whole  kingdom,  that  it  had  an  effect  upon  our  national 
taste."" — I)n.  boKNEy. 

The  well-known  song  of  "  Rule  Britannia"  was  first  in- 
troduced in  Mallet's  masque  of  Alfred,  setbyArnein  1740. 
"  The  general  melody  of  our  countryman,  if  analyzed,  would 
perhaps  appear  tobc  neither  Italian  nor  English,  but  an  agreeable 
mixtui-e  of  Italian.  English,  and  8cots.  .  .  .  From  the  death  of 

Purcell  to  that  of  Arne — a  period  of  more  than  fourscore  years 

no  candidate  for  musical  fame  among  our  country  men  had  appeared, 
who  was  equally  admired  by  the  nation  at  large.'" — Dr.  Kcrnev. 

Arnett,  J.  A.    An  Inquiry  into  tho  Nature  and  Form 
of  the  Books  of  the  Ancients;    with  a  History  of  the  Art 
of  Bookbinding,  Lon.,  1837. 
Arnold,  A.  C.  L.    History  of  Free  Masonry.  1854. 
Arnold,  C     Poetical  Essays:   Distress,   1751.      The 
Mirror.  175.">.     Bookbinders'  School  of  Design,  4to. 
Arnold,  C.  H.    Hist,  of  N.  and  S.  America,  &e.,  17S2. 
Arnold,  Kdmund.     Sermons,  1740-45. 
Arnold,    Edwin,    M.A.     1.    Poems,   Narrative  .and 
Lyrical,  Lon.,   I2mo.     2.  Grisolda,  a  Tragedy ;  and  other 
Poems,  1856,  fp.  Svo.    3.  The  Wreck  of  the  Northern  Belle, 
1857.  Svo. 

Arnold,  Kred.,  Curate  of  St.  Mary  de  Crypt,  Glou- 
cester.    Sermons.  Ltm.,  1840. 

Arnold,  John.  Works  upon  Chronometers,  Lon., 
1780-X2. 

Arnold,  Josiah  Lynden,  1768-1796,  of  Providence, 
Rhode  Isbunl.  was  the  author  of  some  poetical  essays. 

Arnold,  Matthew,  a  son  of  Dr.  Thomas  Arnold, 
of  Rugby,  b.  Dec.  24,  1822,  at  Sateham,  neiir  Staines, 
Middlesex,  England,  educated  at  Winchester,  Rugby,  and 
Oxford,  and  elected  a  Fellow  of  Oriel  College  in  1845.  In 
1847  he  became  private  secretary  to  Lord  Lansdowne, 
and  he  retained  that  position  until  his  marriage  in  1851, 
when  he  was  appointed  to  the  post  which  he  now  occu- 
pies,— Lay  Inspector  of  Schools  under  the  Committee  of 
the  Council  of  Education.  He  was  elected  Prof,  of  Poetry 
in  Univ.  of  Oxford.  1857.  1.  The  Strayed  Reveller,  and 
other  Poems,  by  A..  Lon.,  1848.  Commended  in  the  Lon- 
don Athenjcuui,  1848,  982.  2.  Enipedocles  on  Etna,  and 
other  Poems.  1853.  3.  Poems.  June,  1854.  4.  Poems; 
2d  .Series,  Dec.  1854,  Bost,,  1856;  1st  Series,  3d  ed.,  1857. 
"For  combined  culture  and  fine  natural  feeling  in  the  matter  of 
versification.  .Mr.  Arnoid  has  no  living  superior.  Though  souie^ 
times  slovenly  in  tlie  versification  of  his  sm.aller  poems,  when  he 
is  put  upon  I)is  metfle  by  a  particular  affection  for  his  subject,  be 
manages  the  most  'irregular'  and  diflicult  metres  with  admirable 
sliiU  and  feeling."— fi/i'n.  Jicv..  Oct.  IS66.  y.  i:     " 

4.  Meropc ;  a  Tragedy,  fp.  Svo.  See  Lon.  Athen,  No. 
1575,  Jan.  2.  1858. 

"His  narrative  poems  are  better  than  his  lyric.  In  more  than 
one  of  the  laftiT  lie  las  aimed  at  a  simplicity  which,  on  proof, 
turns  out  to  i.c  pneiility." — Ltm.  Atltcn.,  1S54,  y05. 

Arnold,  R.  Writing,  Arithmetic,  and  Mathematics 
1792. 

Arnold,  or  Arnolde,  Richard,  an  ancient  English 
chronicler,  compiler  of  a  work,  the  first  edition  of  which 
is  very  rare  :  The  Names  of  the  Balyfs.  Custos,  Mayres, 
and  Sherefs  of  ye  Cite  of  London  from  the  Tyrae  of  Kyn^-o 
Richard  the  first,  &e.,  (1502?)  This  book  is  comnionTy 
called  Arnold's  Chronicle.  The  second  edition,  published 
circa  1521,  is  also  of  rare  oecurren<'e;  a  copy  sold  at  the 
sale  of  George  Mason's  library,  in  1798,  for  £15  15s.  6d.  The 
basis  of  the  Chronicle  is  supjinsed  to  be  the  MS.  in  the 
town-clerk's  oflice,  (Loudon,)  known  as  the  Liberde  Anti- 
quis  Legibus.  Aneditionwas  published  in  1811,  (London,) 
with  introductory  matter  entitled.  The  Customs  of  London, 
otherwise  called  Arnold's  Chronicle.     See  this  preface,  by 

69 


ARN 

that  eDiinent  nDtiqiiary,  Francis  Douce,  for  a  discussion  aa 
to  the  orif;in  of  the  celuhrated  poem,  The  Jsol-Browu  (Nut- 
Brown)  Mayde.  {which  appeared  first  in  Aruuld's  Chroni- 
cle,) modernized  by  Prior  into  the  ballad  of  Ilenry  and 
Emma. 

"This  is  perhaps  the  most  heterogeneous  and  multifarious  mis- 
cellany that  ever  e.\isted.  The  collector  sets  out  with  a  catalogue 
of  the  mayors  and  sheriffs,  the  customs  and  charter  of  the  city  of 
London.  Soon  afterwards  we  h.ave  receipts  to  pickle  sturi^cou.  to 
maite  vinegar,  ink,  and  gunpowder:  how  to  raise  parsley  in  an 
hour;  the  arts  of  brewery  and  soap-making;  an  estimate  of  the 
livings  in  London ;  an  account  of  the  last  visitation  of  Saint  Mag- 
nus's Church;  the  weight  of  Kssex  cheese;  and  a  letter  to  Cardinal 
M'olsey.  The  Not-Brown  Mayde  is  introduced  between  an  estimate 
of  some  subsidies  paid  into  the  exchequer,  and  directions  for  buy- 
ing goods  in  Flanders." — Wurton's  UiUiTif  nf  Eur/Uah  Pi^Jrii. 

For  a  furlher  description  of  this  work,  see  Herbert's 
Ames's  Typ.  Antiq.,  the  Censura  Literaria,  and  especially 
the  table  of  contents  of  this  curious  oUa  podridain  Oldys's 
British  Librarian,  p.  22. 

'•  Arnolde  was  a  citizen  of  London,  who.  being  inflamed  with 
the  fervente  love  of  good  Icaminge.  travailed  very  studiously 
therein,  and  principally  in  observing  matters  worthy  to  be  remem- 
bered of  the  posteritve;  he  noted  the  charters,  liberties,  lawes. 
constitucious.  and  customes  of  the  citie  of  London."— Stowe^ 

'■  Arnolde  of  London  wrote  certayne  collections  touching  histo 
rioal  matters,"— lIoUNSHEii. 

He  is   supposed   to  have  died  ciVcn  1521. 
Arnold,  Samuel,  1740-1802,  a  celebrated   musical 
composer,  sou  of  Baron  Arnold.     His  published  works  are 
very  considerable  in  number,  viz : 

'■  4  oratorios,  8  odes,  3  surenatas.  47  operas.  3  burlettas,  besides 
overtures,  concertos,  and  many  smaller  pieces." — Watt. 

His  most  famous  oratorio  was  that  of  the  Prodigal  Son. 
"  His  oratorios  are  not  unworthy  of  the  disciple  of  so  great  a 
master  as  Handel."— ftcs's  Oidripeilia. 

At  the  particular  request  of  Geo.  III.,  he  superintended 
the  pub.  of  a  magnificent  edition  of  all  the  works  of  Han- 
del.  in  score,  of  which  he  completed  36  folio  volumes. 

Arnold,  Samuel  J.,  son  of  the  above,  pub.  a  num- 
ber of  dramatic  pieces.  We  find  12  credited  to  him  in  the 
Biog.  Dram.:  1.  Auld  Robin  Gray,  1794.  2.  AVho  Pays 
the  Reckoning?  1795.  a.  Shipwreck.  1796.  4.  Irish  Le- 
gacy, 1797.  5.  Veteran  Tar.  ISOl.  6.  F.ml  Deeds  will 
Rise,  1S04.  7.  Prior  Claim,  (in  conj.  with  Mr.  Pye.)  1805. 
8  Up  all  Night,  1S09,  N.  P.  9.  Britain's  Jubilee,  1809, 
N.  P.  10.  Man  and  Wife,  1809.  11.  The  Maniac,  1810, 
N.  P.  12.  Plots,  1810,  N.  P.  He  died  Aug.  16,  1582.  As 
manager  of  a  theatre  in  London,  he  produced  Von  Weber's 
opera  of  Der  Freischutz,  in  1824. 

Arnold,  Stuart  A.  Merchant's  and  Seaman's  Manuals, 
Lon..  1778. 

Arnold,  T.  J.  Reports  of  Cases  C.  Pleas,  Ac,  Lon., 
1840;  do.  of  Controverted  Elections  before  Com.  of  H. 
Commons,  Ac. 

"These  reports  are  in  continuation  of  those  of  Messrs.  Baron 
and  Austin.  Falconer  and  Fitzherbert,  Knapp  and  Ombler,  ferry 
and  Kuapp.  and  Cockburn  and  Kmve."— Marvin's  Lf^/al  BM. 

Manual  of  the  Law,  with  regard  to  Public  Meetings  and 
Political  Societies,  12mo,  Lon.,  1833. 

Arnold,  Thomas.     Sermon  on  Dan.  vi.  10,  1660. 
Arnold,  Thomas,  M.D.,  d.  1816,  of  Leicester,  pub.  a 
number  of  professional  works.  Edin.  and  Lon.,  1766-1809. 
Observations  on  the  Nature,  Kinds,  Causes,  and  Prevention 
of  Insanity,  Lon.,  1800,  2  vols. 

'■  A  very  entertaining  work,  containing  the  opinions  both  of 
ancieids  and  moderns  upon  this  subject,  illustrated  by  a  variety 
of  curious  facts."— LoWiNDES. 

The  first  edition  w.as  pnb.  1782-86. 

Arnold,  Thomas,  D.D..  179.5-1842,  head  master  of  i 
Rugby  School,  from  1827  till  his  death,  and  successor  of  ' 


Dr.'Nares  (in  1841)  as  Regius  Professor  of  Modern  History 
in  the  University  of  O.xford,  was  one  of  the  brightest  orna- 
ments of  his  age.  He  was  educated  at  Winchester  School, 
and  from  thence  went,  in  1811,  to  Corpus  Christi  College, 
Oxf.,  where  he  took  a  first  class  in  Classics,  in  Easter  term, 
181 4.  In  the  next  year  he  gained  the  prize  for  an  English 
Essay,  and  in  1817,  being  then  a  Fellow  of  Oriel  College, 
he  gaine<l  the  Latin  Essay.  The  principal  works  of  Dr. 
Arn'^ld  are  his  History  of  Rome,  (unfinished:)  The  Later 
Roman  Commonwealth;  Lectures  on  Modern  History;  and 
Sermons,  in  3  volumes.  He  published  .an  edition  of  Thu- 
oydides.  which  has  been  highly  commended,  as  an  evidence 
of  ripe  scholarship  and  critical  acumen.  As  a  teacher,  he 
laboured  to  instil  into  the  minds  of  his  scholars  those  re- 
ligious principles,  founded  upon  a  just  sense  of  responsi- 
bility to  God  and  to  society,  which  so  eminently  shone  forth 
in  his  own  "  walk  and  conversation." 

"  He  will  strike  those  who  study  him  more  closely  as  a  cnmplrlc 
character — complete  in  its  union  of  moral  and  intellectual  gifts, 
and  in  the  steady  growth  and  development  of  both:  for  his  great- 
70 


ARN 

nessdid  not  consist  in  the  pre-eminence  of  any  single  quality,  but 
in  several  remarkable  powoj-s.  thoroughly  leavened  and  pervaded 
bv  an  ever-increasing  moral  nobleness." — Lon.  Quarterly  Hev^ 
Ixxiv.  oU7. 

The  Edinburgh  Review,  comparing  Arnold  to  Milton, 
remarks  : 

••  There  is  the  s.ime  purity  aud  directness  about  them  both ;  the 
same  predominance  of  the  graver,  not  to  say.  sterner,  elements ; 
the  same  contidence,  vehemence,  and  elevation.  They  both  so 
lived  in  their  '  great  Task-Master's  eye'  as  to  verify  Bacon's  obser- 
vation, in  his  Essay  on  Atheism.  '  made  fhemselves  of  kin  to  God 
in  spirit,  and  raised  their  nature  by  means  of  a  higher  nature  than 
their  own.'" 

"  .\s  a  writer.  Dr.  ,\rnold  was  remarkable  for  vigorous  thought, 
clearness  of  expression,  aud  purity  of  style.  His  edition  of  Thu- 
cydides.  and  his  (unfinished  I  History  of  Home,  are  works  which 
will  always  hold  a  high  place  in  our  literature."— X<m.  6e7i(.  J/t/^., 
August,  i86'2. 

'•  His  correspondence  is  the  best  record  of  bis  life  and  affords 
the  most  vivid  represent:ition  of  bis  character.  It  presents  ns  with 
the  progressive  development  of  Ins  mind  and  views  till  the  one 
reaches  the  vigour  and  the  otlier  the  comprehensiveness  for  which 
at  length  they  became  distinguished.  He  combined  the  intellectual 
and  the  moral  in  a  degree  and  with  a  harmony  rarely  found. 
The  most  strongly-marked  feature  of  his  intellect  was  the  strength 
and  clearness  of  his  conceptions.  It  seemed  the  possession  of  an 
inward  light  so  intense  that  it  penetrated  on  the  instant  every 
subject  biitl  Itcfore  him.  and  enabled  him  to  grasp  it  with  the 
vivi.hi.--^  ■•f  sin.;.,  and  the  force  of  reality.  Hence,  what  wjis  said 
of  lo-  iilui..ii-  impressions  maybe  used  to  characterize  his  intel- 
lectii.il  ..p.  latii.ns;  Mie  knew  what  others  only  believed;  he  saw 
what  otiiers  only  talked  about.'  Hence  also,  perhaps,  arose  in  a  great 
measure  the  vehemence  with  which  he  opposed  views  and  notions 
contrary  to  Ins  own." — Knitrftt's  Eng.  Cyc,  Biog.,  vol.  i. 

Sec  Arnold's  Life  and  Correspondence  by  Stanley ;  also 
Tom  Brown's  School-Days  at  Rugby,  Lon.  and  Bost.,  1857, 
12mo. 

Arnold,  Thos.  Kerchever,  d.  March  9,  1853,  "has 
acquired  a  very  widc-sjiread  reputation  as  the  author  and 
editor  of  a  whole  library  of  books  adapted  for  educational 
purposes."  His  publications  consist  principally  of  school 
manuals  of  the  Latin,  Greek,  French,  and  German  lan- 
guages. See  London  Catalogue  for  a  list  of  45  different 
works. 

Arnold,  \V.  D.,  son  of  Dr.  Thomas  and  brother  of 
Matthew  Arnold,  all  oflicer  in  the  British  army.  Oak- 
field,  or  Fell.iwshii>  in  the  East;  a  Novel,  p.  8vo,  2  vols. 

"This  work  is  intended  to  represent  the  trials  of  a  yonng  officer 

who  is  determined  to  act  up  to  Christian  principles  in  a  British 

regiincnt  stati.med  in  India."' 

"Arnot,  C.  A.     Letter  respecting  Bank  of  Eng.,  1818. 

Arnot,  Hugo,  pub.  a  number  of  works,  Edin.  and 

Lon.,  1777-85.     Collection  .and  abridgment  of  celebrated 

Trials  in  Scotland,  from  1536  to  1784,  with  Historical  and 

Critical   Remarks,   Edin.,  1785.     History  of   Edinburgh, 

from  the  earliest  accounts  to  the  present  time.    Edin.,  1789. 

"  .\  useful  and  entertaining  work." 

Arnot,  Hugo.  Address  to  the  British  Nation,  1812. 
Letters  to  the  County  of  Fife  Freeholders,  1812. 

Arnot,  J.,  Surgeon.    Profess.  Works,  Edin.,  1800-16. 
Arnot,  Thos.,  Surgeon.  Con.  to  Ed.  Med.  Ess.  17S6. 
Arnot,  W,     Harmony  of  Law  and  Gospel,  1786. 
Arnot,  W.     Race  for  Riches,  Glasgow,  1851;  repub. 
Phila.,  1852,  ISnio. 

Arnott,  Neil,  M.D.,  b.  1788,  at  Dysart,  near  Mont- 
rose, Scotland.  He  and  Lord  Byron  were  fellow-pupils 
at  the  Grammar-School  of  Aberdeen  in  1797.  In  1801  he 
gained  the  first  prize  of  his  class  and  entered  the  Uni- 
versity;  took  the  degree  of  M.A.  in  ISOfi.  .and  pursued  his 
professional  studies  under  Sir  Everhard  Home,  Surgeon  of 
St.  George's  Hospital,  London.  1.  Elements  of  Physics  ; 
or.  Natural  Philosophy,  General  and  Medical,  Explained 
in  Plain  or  Non-Technical  Language,  1827. 

Of  this  work,  five  editions,  amounting  to  10.000  copies,  were 


called  for  within  six  years,  and  it  was  translated  into  all  Kiiropean 
langtiages  except  Italian.  The  author  published  originally  the 
first  halfvolume,  and  he  had  l..c.jni..  so  occupied  professionally 
that  the  chapters  on  Light  and  Heat  were  ready  only  fo'  the  third 
edition.  The  two  rcniaiiiiiig  ch.ii.tcrs,  on  Klectricity  and  Astro- 
nomy, bad  to  wait  until  still  iurtlier  leisure." 

A  new  and  enlarged  edition  of  this  work  is  now  (1857) 
in  course  of  preparation,  2  vols.  8vo.  2.  Essay  on  Warm- 
ing aud  Veutilating,  1838.  3.  Smokeless  Fireplace,  8vo, 
1855.  _  , 

Arnould,  Joseph.  Law  of  Marino  Insurance  and 
Average,  Lon.,  1848,  2  vols.  roy.  8vo. ;  edited  with  addits. 
by  J.  C.  Perkins,  Boston,  1850,  2  vols.  roy.  8vo. 

"The  student  will  here  find,  within  a  convenient  compass,  the 
learning  of  the  ContinentiU  jurist ;  the  just  and  politic  judgments 
of  the  first  intellects  of  England,  iu  Westminster  Hall,  and  the 
clear  and  satisfactory  determinations  of  the  American  commercial 
tribunal  and  judges,  at  once  eminently  scientific  and  practical."— 
Amrricaii  Imw  Journal. 

4rnnl))h.     See  Eunulph. 

Arnway,  John,  of  St.  Edmund's  Hall,  Oxf.,  a  zealous 


ART 


ARV 


Ftipporterof  K.Chnrlea  T.  He  was  the  author  of  The  Tablet, 
or  Moderation  of  Chas.  I.,  Martyr,  H;ij,'ue,  16oU.  Alarum 
to  the  Subjects  of  Enj,'land.     He  died  in  Virginia. 

"  Ik'  h:u1  ipiittt'd  a  laru;L'  fortune  to  serve  bis  Prince,  and  there- 
fiire  was  phnniHreil  by  the  Rebels,  and  lost  his  Rooks  and  Papers, 
which  he  cuulri  nt'ver  recover." — Wood's  Athen.  Oxmi. 

Arrowsinith.     The  Reformation.     A  Comedy. 

Arrowsiiiith,  Aaron,  1750-1823,  settled  in  London, 
1770.  1.  Large  Map  of  the  World  on  Mereator's  Projec- 
tion, 1790.  2.  Map  of  the  World,  wiih  a  Compauiun  of 
Explanatory  Letter-Press.  1794.  3.  ^lap  of  the  Northern 
Regions  of  America.  4.  Map  of  Scotland,  lSl)7.  5.  Me- 
moir relative  to  the  Construction  of  the  Map  of  Scotland, 
1809.  He  published  upwards  of  130  maps.  G.  His  Geo- 
metrical Projection  of  Maps  was  pub.  182j,  after  his  death. 

*' ArrowsmiLb'a  maps  obtaim-d  a  liigh  rcimtation  thronghout 
Europe  for  their  distinctness,  the  result  of  good  engraving  and 
arrangement.  It  has  been  the  fashion  of  late  to  undervalue  his 
acquirements  as  a  geographer;  but.  though  he  is  inferior  to  Berg- 
haus  and  some  otliei'  map-makers  of  tlie  present  day,  he  was  supe- 
rior to  auy  one  in  Europe  at  the  time  he  commeDced  his  career." — 
Sng.  C'jc,  vol.  i. 

The  School  Atlases  and  Skeleton  Maps  for  Eton  Col- 
lege, and  the  Manuals  of  Geography,  Ancient  and  Modern, 
by  Aaron  Arrowsmith,  are  the  works  of  his  sou. 

Arrowsinith,  Ed.    Sundry  serm.,  pub.  Lon.,  1724^5. 

Arrowsmith,  John,  1602-1659,  an  eminent  Puritan 
divine,  educated  at  St.  John's  College  and  Catherine  Hall, 
Cambridge,  pub.  several  works  which  were  highly  esteemed. 

Ai-milla  Catecbetica.  or  a  Chain  of  Principles  wbeivin  the  Chief 
Heads  of  the  Christian  lleliirion  are  Asserted  and  Improved.  Lon., 
1659.     "This  and  his   Tractica   Sacra  are  valuable  treatises." — 

BiCKERSTETII. 

Tractica  Sacra,  sive  de  Milite  Spirituali  pugnate,  vin- 
oente,  et  triumphante  Dissertatio,  Cantab.,  1647. 

"This  work  contiiins.  along  with  a  great  de-al  of  controversy, 
some  ingenious  remarks  on  those  passages  of  Scripture  which  re- 
late to  the  spiritual  warfare.  The  authoi'  w.is  a  man  of  learning 
and  genius,  and  maintained  a  highly  respectable  character  during 
the  difficult  times  in  which  he  lived.  lie  wrote  a  work  on  part  oiF 
the  Gospel  of  .Tohn.  and  some  other  things,  which  rank  high  among 
the  puritanic.il  writings.'' — Ormb. 

His  sweet  and  engaging  disposition,  Dr.  Salter  remarks, 
appears  through  all  the  sourness  and  severity  of  his  opi- 
nions in  his  Tractica  Sacra. 

"  A  book  written  in  a  clear  style,  and  with  a  lively  fancy:  in 
which  he  displayed  at  once  much  weakness  and  stiffness,  but  withal 
great  reading,"'  A  contemporary  describes  him  as  "holy  and 
lejirned.  diligent,  zealous,  and  sincere,  doiug  all  that  could  he  done 
with  a  Weak  and  sickly  body." 

Dr.  Whichcote  also  speaks  of  him  with  high  respect,  and 
even  the  querulous  antiquary.  Cole,  {MS.  Athen.  Cantab, 
in  British  Museum,)  dues  not  scruple  to  commend  Dr. 
Arrowsniilh. 

Arrou'smith,  J.  P.  Art  of  instructing  the  Infant 
Deaf  and  Dumb. 

"In  this  interesting  little  volume,  the  plan  of  the  celebrated 
Abbe  de  TEpee  is  reprinted." — Lowndej?. 

Arrowsmith,  R.  G.  Doubts  upon  the  reasoning  of 
Dr.  Palev  relative  to,  and  observations  upon,  the  Criminal 
Law,  Lon.,  ISIl. 

Arscott,  Alex 

1732. 

Arthin^ton,  Henry.  Theolog.  Works,  Lon.,  1592- 
94.     See  Weever's  Funeral  Monuments. 

Arthur,  Archibald,  1744-1797,  was  Professor  of 
Moral  Philosophy  in  the  University  of  Glasgow.  Dis- 
courses on  Theolog.  and  Literary  Subjects,  (tc,  (pub.  by 
Prof.  Wm.  Richardson,)  1803. — See  Edin.  Review,  vol.  iv. 
168. 

Arthur,  Ed.     Sermons  on  various  subjects,  1783. 

Arthur,  Jas.,  d.  1670,  at  Lisbon,  pub.  a  Commentary 
in  Latin,  on  the  works  of  St.  Thomas  Aquinas,  two  vols, 
folio. 

"  It  is  said  that  he  had  ten  volumes  more  in  preparation  on  the 
ame  subject." — Uosn's  Bing.  Did. 

Arthur,  M.  Exposition,  Critical,  Doctrinal,  and  Prac- 
tical, of  the  Assembly's  Shorter  Catechism,  vol.  i.  17S9. 

Arthur,  T,  S.,  of  Philadelphia,  born  in  1809,  near 
Newburgh,  Orange  county,  New  York,  is  a  voluminous 
and   highly    popular  writer. 

We  subjoin  a  list  of  a  portion  of  his  works.  1.  Sketches 
of  Life  and  Character,  8vo,  pp.  420.  2.  Lights  and  Sha- 
dows of  Real  Life.  Svo,  pp.  500.  3.  Leaves  from  the  Book 
of  Human  Life.  12mo.  4.  Golden  Grains  from  Life's 
Harvest-Field,  I2mo.  5.  The  Loftons  and  the  Pinker- 
tons,  I2mo.  6.  Heart-Histories  and  Life-Pictures.  7. 
Tales  for  Rich  and  Poor,  6  vols.  18mo.  8.  Library  for 
the  Household.  12  vols.  ISmo.  9.  Arthur's  Juvenile 
Library,  12  vols.  IHmo.  10.  Cottage  Library,  6  vols. 
18mo.     11.  Ten  Nights  in  a  Bat-Room,  12mo.     12.  Six 


Upon  the  Christian  Religion.     Lon., 


Nights  with  the  Washingtonians,  ISmo.  13.  Advice  to 
Y<iung  Men,  ISmo.  14.  Advice  to  Young  Ladies,  ISmo. 
15.  Maiden.  Wife,  and  Mother,  3  vols.  ISmo.  16.  Tales 
of  Married  Lite,  3  vols.  18mo.  17.  Stories  of  Domestic 
Life,  3  vols.  ISmo.  18.  Tales  from  Real  Life,  3  vols. 
ISmo.  19.  Tired  of  Housekeeping,  ISmo.  20.  True 
Riches;  or.  Wealth  without  Wings,  12mo.  21.  The  Hand 
but  not  the  Heart,  12mo. 

"Mr.  Arthur  writes  very  unexceptionable  tales,  illustrative  of 
American  and  domestic  life  and  adapted  to  the  capacities  of  the 
young  and  xmeducated  classes.  All  his  stories  inculcate  a  moral; 
aud  some  of  them  are  pleasing  specimens  of  invention,  and  very 
true  reflections  of  manners  in  the  sphere  for  which  they  are  de- 
signed,"— N.Y.  Literary  World. 

22.  The  Good  Time  Coming,  Phila.,  1855.  12mo. 

"  Mr.  Arthur's  writings,  though  not  of  a  very  high  order,  have 
yet  generally  had  a  certain  genial  character  aud  domestic  tone 
which  have  given  them  a  wide  circulation.  The  new  volume  be- 
fore us,  however,  is  calculated  to  be  very  mischievous.  ThJ 
author  verges  on  Spiritualism,  Swedenborgiani.sm,  and  Reichun- 
bachism,  if  not  actually  engulfed." — N.Y.  Criterion. 

In  connection  with  W.  H.  Carpenter,  a  series  of  his- 
tories of  the  several  States  of  the  Union,  prepared  with 
care,  and  well  adapted  to  district,  school,  and  rither 
libraries.  23.  Steps  towards  Heaven,  N.Y'.,  1S58,  12mo. 
Upwards  of  20  novels  in  cheap  form. 

"  In  the  princely  mansions  of  the  Atlantic  merchants  and  in  the 
rude  log  cabins  of  the  backwoodsman  the  name  of  Arthur  is 
equally  known  and  cherished  as  tho  friend  of  virtue." — Graham's 
Mag. 

"The  most  popular  of  all  our  American  writers  on  domestic 
subjects." — Godri/s  Lady's  Book. 

A  large  number  of  Mr.  Arthur's  works  have  been  re- 
published in  London. 

Artis,  Edmund  Tyrrell.  Antediluvian  Phytology, 
illustrated  by  the  Fossil  Remains  of  Plants  peculiar  to 
Coal  Formations,  Lon.,  182.3,  r.  4to,  plates.  They  have 
since  been  incorjiuratcd  in  ManteU's  Pictorial  Atlas,  1850. 

Arthy,  ]^Iliott>  Seamen's  Medical  Advocate,  Lon., 
179S. 

Aruudale,  F.  Picturesque  Tour  through  Jerusalem, 
Mount  Sinai,  and  the  Holy  Land,  with  maps,  and  21 
plates,  Lon.,  1S37. 

Arundel,  Countess  of,  Anne,  d.  1630,  married 
Philip,  Earl  of  Arundel,  who  died  in  the  Tower,  Nov., 
1595.  Mr.  Lodge  has  rescued  from  oljlivion  an  interest- 
ing copy  of  verses  by  her,  produced,  he  thinks,  by  the 

"■'  Melancholy  exit  of  her  lord,  which  al)ound  with  the  imperfect 
beauties,  as  well  as  with  the  common  errors,  of  a  strong,  but  un- 
taught, poetical  fancy." — lUiis.  of  Brit.  History,  vol.  iii.,  p.  359: 
BrydgeiCs  }[nn..,\i.\~Z:  Park's  Walix>h's  Jf.  dl  Is'.  Authors. 

Arundel,  Countess  of,  Mary,  married  first  to 
Robert  Ratcliffe,  Earl  of  Sussex,  and  afterwards  to  Henry 
Fitz-Alan,  Earl  of  Arundel.  She  translated  from  English 
into  Latin,  Sententias  et  prjpclera  Facta  Alexandri  Scveri, 
Imporatoris.  Extant  in  MS.  in  the  King's  Library.  De 
stirte  et  Familia  Alexandri  Severi,  et  de  Signis  quse  ei 
portendebant  Imperium. 

From  Greek  into  Latin,  Selectas  Sententias  septem  Sa- 
pientum  Grai?corum.  Similitudines  ex  Platonis,  Aristo- 
telis,  SenecEe,  et  aliorum  Philosophorum  Librls  collectas. 
Dedicated  to  her  father. 

"  Learning  had  now  taken  a  considerable  flight  since  the  days 
of  Edward  the  Fourth.  Sir  Thomas  More  mentions  it  as  very  ex- 
traordinary that  Jane  Shore  could  read  and  write." — Park's  Wal- 
polr's  7?.  (f  N.  Ajtthors. 

Arundel  and  Surrey,  Countess  of,  Althea 
Talbot,  Nature  embowelled ;  her  choicest  secrets  di- 
gested into  receipts,  whereunto  are  annexed  many  rare 
and  hitherto  unimparted  inventions,  Lon.,  1665,  with  por- 
trait by  Hollar. 

Arundel  of  Wardour,  Lord  Henry,  is  credited 
with  "five  little  Meditations  in  verse"  in  A  Collection  of 
Eighty-six  loyal  Poems,  printed  in  1685.  These  Medita- 
tions are  said  to  have  been  written  whilst  his  lordship  was 
a  prisoner  in  the  Tower.  (Imprisoned  for  the  Popish 
Plot.) 

Aruudell,  F.  V.  J,  A  Visit  to  the  Seven  Churches 
in  Asia,  &c.,  Lon.,  1828.  Discoveries  in  Asia  Minor,  &c., 
Lon.,  1834.  This  latter  work  is  illustrated  by  references 
to  the  preceding. 

"  As  far  as  he  has  been  able  to  explore  the  land,  Mr.  Arundell'a 
inquiries  and  discoveries  are  well  deserving  of  attention." — Xite- 
rar>/  Gmrttp. 

Aruudell,  J.  Sermon  on  death  of  Rev.  E.  Williams, 
1813. 

Arvine,  Kazlitt.  Cyclopiedia  of  Anecdotes  of  Lite- 
rature and  Fine  Arts.  Containing  a  copious  and  choice 
selection  of  anecdotes  of  the  various  forms  of  literature, 
of  the  arts  of  architecture,  engravings,  music,  poetry, 
painting  and  sculpture,  and  of  the  most  celebrated  literary 
characters  and  artists  of  different  countries  and  ages,  Ac. 

71 


ARW 

With  numerous  illustrations.  725  pp.  octavo.  Boston,  185-1. 
Cyclopajdia  of  Moral  and  Rclisiuus  Anecdotes,  of  whicli 
EBveral  edits,  have  been  pub.  in  Lon.,  8vo,  and  N.  Y.,  8vo. 

Anvarker,  E.  Thcolog.  and  other  works,  Lon., 
1GS6-17IIS. 

Ascham,  or  Askam,  Anthony,  a  physician  and 
ecclesiastic,  was  the  author  of  A  lytcl  Treatyse  of  Astro- 
nomy, Lon.,  1552,  which  ran  through  many  editions. 

"  It  is  .1  very  poorly-wiittL-n  tract,  and  scarcely  deserves  a  notice 
in  tlie  real  history  of  Entrlish  science." 

A  Litllc  Herbal  of  the  Properties  of  Herbes,  Lon.,  1550. 
Ascham,  Anthony,  murdered  1650,  at  Madrid,  by 
six  English  Royalists,  was  the  author  of  a  work  entitled 
Of  the  Confusion  and  Revolutions  of  Government,  ic. 
Lon.,  1643.  Bishop  Sanderson  wrote  a  censure  of  this 
work. 

Ascham,  Roger,  1515?-156S,  was  born  at  Kirby- 
Wiske,  a  village  near  Northallerton,  in  Yorkshire.  In 
1630,  he  entered  St.  John's  Coll.,  Cambridge,  where  he 
displayed  great  aptness  in  acquiring  the  Greek  and  Latin 
languages.  Dr.  Metcalf,  the  master,  he  informs  us,  was 
"  a  man  meanly  learned  himself,  hut  not  meanly  affec- 
tioned  to  set  forward  learning  in  others,  and  I  lacked  not 
his  favour  to  further  me  in  learning."  In  the  ISth  year 
of  his  age  he  was  chosen  Fellow  of  his  college.  In  1514 
he  succeeded  Sir  John  Cheke  as  public  orator  of  the  Uni- 
versity of  Cambridge,  and  was  made  by  King  Edward  VI. 
his  secretary  for  the  Latin  tongue.  In  the  controversy 
concerning  the  right  pronunciation  of  the  Greek  language, 
Ascham  opposed  the  method  introduced  by  Sir  Thomas 
Smith  and  Sir  John  Cheke,  but  aftcvw.ards  espoused  their 
opinion  and  practice.  "  It  is  probable  that  it  is  in  part 
owing  to  the  ingenuity  with  which  he  defended  it,  (see  his 
letter  to  Ilubertus  Laiiguetus,)  that  this  mode  of  pronun- 
ciation was  generally  adopted,  and  has  since  prevailed  in 
the  schools  of  England."  In  1548,  the  Princess  Elizabeth 
called  Ascham  from  his  college  to  direct  her  studies.  He 
instructed  his  pupil  in  the  learned  languages  with  great 
diligence  and  success  for  two  years,  during  which  time  he 
read  with  her  the  greater  part  of  Cicero  and  Livy,  the  se- 
lect orations  of  Socrates,  the  plays  of  Sophocles,  and  the 
Greek  Testament. 

In  1550,  he  tr.avelled  for  three  years  on  the  Continent, 
as  secretary  to  Sir  Richard  Morysine,  who  was  appointed 
ambassador  to  the  Emperor  Charles  V.     Who   that  has 
ever  perused  it   can  forget  bis  deeply-interesting  descrip- 
tion of  his  visit,  before  his  departure,  to  Lady  Jane  Grey  ? 
The  place  at  which  she  then  resided  was  her  father's  seat 
at  Broadgate.  in  Leicestershire.     Ascham  found  that  the 
hall  was  deserted :  the  family  were  engaged  in  hunting  in 
the   park,  and    he   discovered,   after  some  search.   Lady 
Jane,  then  in  her  14th  year,  in  her  apartment,  deeply  im- 
mersed in  the  Pha;do  of  Plato  !  "  with  as  much  delight 
as  some  gentlemen  would  read  a  merry  tale  in  Boccacc." 
The  worthy  Ascham,  however  delighted  at  such  devotion 
to  the  studies  he  was  himself  so  much  in  love  with,  could 
not  conceal  his  surprise  at  the  choice  of  this  very  young 
lady.     After  the  first  compliments,  he  asked  her  why  she 
"  lost  such  pastime  as  there  must  needs  be  in  the  park  ?" 
At  which,  smiling,  she  answered,  "  I  wist  all  their  sport  is 
hut  a  shadow  to  that  pleasure  that  I  find  in  Plato.     Alas, 
good  folk!   they  never  felt  what  true   pleasure   meant!" 
This  "naturally  leading  him  to  inquire  how  a  child  of  her 
age  had  attained  to  such  a  depth  of  pleasure  both  in  the 
Plat«nio  language  and  philosophy,"  she  made  him  (Mr. 
Ascham  himself  tells  us)  the  following  remarkable  reidy : 
"  I  will  tell  you,"  quoth  she,  "  and  tell  you  truth,  which, 
perchance,  you  will  m.arvel  at.     One  of  the  greatest  bene- 
fits which  ever  God  gave  me,  is  that  he  sent  so  sharp  and 
severe  parents,  and  so  gentle  a  schoolmaster.     For  when 
I  am  in  presence  either  of  father  or  mother,  whether  I 
speak,  keep  silence,  sit,  stand  or  go ;  eat,  drink,  be  merry, 
or  sad ;  be  sewing,  playing,  dancing,  or  doing  any  thing 
else,   I  must  do  it,  as  it  were,  in   such  weight,  measure, 
and  number,  and  even  so   perfectly,  as   God  made  the 
world,  or  else  I  am  so  sharply  taunted,  so  cruelly  threat- 
ened, yea,   presently,  sometimes  with  pinches,  nips,  and 
bobs,  (or  other  ways,  which  I  will  not  name,  for  the  honour 
I  bear  them,)  so  without  measure  disordered,  that  I  think 
myself  in  hell,  till  time  come  that  I  must  go  to  Mr.  El- 
mer, who  teacheth  me  so  gently,  so  pleasantly,  with  fair 


allurements  to  learning,  that  I  think  all  the  time  nothing 
while  I  am  with  him;  and  when  I  am  called  from  him,  I 
fall  a-weeping,  because  whatsoever  I  do  else  but  learning, 
is  full  of  grief,  trouble,  fear,  and  wholly  misliking  unto 
me  •  and  this  my  book  hath  been  so  much  my  pleasure, 
and  bringcth  daily  to  me  more  pleasure,  and  more  yet ! 
72 


ASC 

In  respect  to  it,  all  other  pleasures,  in  very  deed,  he  but 
trifles  and  troubles  unto  me!" — .4«c/in7ii's  Sr)i'i<jlmaslcr. 
Ascham  dwells  with  great  pleasure  upon  this  interview  in 
an  epistle  to  his  friend  Sturmins.  This  learned  young 
lady  promised  to  write  him  a  letter  in  Greek  upon  condi- 
tion of  his  sending  her  one  first  from  the  emperor's  court. 
In  a  letter  to  Lady  Jane,  he  assures  her  that,  among  all 
the  agreeable  varieties  which  he  had' met  with  iu  his  tra- 
vels abroad,  nothing  had  occurred  to  raise  his  admiration 
like  that  incident  in  the  preceding  summer,  when  he  found 
her,  a  young  maiden,  by  birth  so  noble,  in  the  absence  of 
her  tutor,  and  in  the  sumptuous  house  of  her  most  nolilt 
father,  at  a  time,  too,  when  all  the  rest  of  the  family, 
both  male  and  female,  were  regaling  themselves  with  the 
pleasures  of  the  chase—"  I  found,"  continues  he,  "  0  Ju- 
piter and  all  ye  gods !  I  found,  I  say,  the  divine  virgin 
diligently  studying  the  divine  Phaulo  in  the  original 
Greek.  Happier  certainly  in  this  respect  than  in  being 
descended,  both  on  the  father  and  mother's  side,  from 
kings  and  queens."  On  the  accession  of  Queen  Mary,  ho 
was  ajipointed  Latin  secretary  to  her  Majesty,  the  same 
post  which  he  held  Ibrmerly  under  Edward  VI.,  and.  sub- 
sequently, under  Elizabeth.  No  better  proof  is  needed  of 
his  facility  in  Latin  composition.  Of  this  we  have  suffi- 
cient evidence  in  the  fact  that  in  three  days  he  wrote 
forty-seven  despatches  to  foreign  personages  of  the  highest 
rank,  on  the  subject  of  electing  Cardinal  Pole  to  the 
papal  chair.  In  1554,  he  resigned  his  Fellowship,  and 
m.arried  Miss  Margaret  Howe,  a  young  lady  of  good 
family. 

His  last  illness  has  been  ascribed  to  too  close  applica- 
tion to  the  composition  of  a  Latin  poem,  which  he  designed 
for  the  Queen  on  the  New-Year's  day  of  1569.     He  ex- 
pired on  the  .'iOth  December,  1568,  "  universally  lamented." 
Queen   Elizabeth  was  one  of  the  loudest  mourners,  and 
declared  that  she  would  "rather  have  lost  ten  thousand 
pounds  than  her  tutor  Ascham."     He  was  interred  in  St. 
Sepulchre's  Church  :  .and  his  funeral  sermon  was  preached 
by  Dr.  .\lex.  Nowel.  Dean  of  St.  Paul's.     Buchanan  drew 
a'character  of  his  friend  in  the  following  epigram: 
"  Aschamuni  extinctum  patria;  Gra'caque 
Kt  Latitia>  vera  cum  pretate  doleiit. 
IViucipilvus  vixit  carus,  jucundus  amicis. 
Ke  modica ;  in  mores  diccre  tama  nequit." 
Anthony  Wotid  speaks  of  liim  as  "  leavins  behind  him  this  cha- 
racter by  a  learned  person,  that  he  inter  primes  nostm?  nationis 
literas   Lati'-.as  et  Gra-cas,  stylique  puritatem   cum  eloqucntise 
laude  excoluit."  ,..,.,      i,  ,. 

"  He  had  a  Cicile  .and  fluent  Latin  style,  (not  like  those  who, 
countini;  obscurity  to  be  clcpancy.  weed  out  all  the  hard  words 
thev  meet  in  authors :)  witness  his  '  Epistles,'  which  some  say  are 
the' only  Latin  ones  extant  of  any  Engli.shman,  and  if  so.  the  more 
the  pity.  What  loads  have  we  ofletters  from  foreign  pens,  as  it  no 
author  were  complete  without  those  necessary  appurtenances! 
Whilst  surely  our  Knulishmen  write  (though  not  so  many)  as 
iinod  as  any  other  nation.  In  a  word,  his  'Toxophilus'  is  ac- 
counted a  good  book  for  ynung  men.  his  '  Fchoolmaster'  for  oM 
men,  his  '  Epistles' for  oH  men."— J'uH.TS  iror(/««. 

Aseham's  first  publication  (not  his  first  work)  was  elicited 
by  the  censure  with  which  some  meddlesome  people  thought 
proper  to  rebuke  his  love  of  archery.  It  is  entitled  "  Toxo- 
philus ;  the  Scho(d  and  Partitions  of  Shooting."  (1544.) 
The  author  embraced  the  opportunity  thus  presented  of 
teaching  to  his  countrymen  the  as  yet  undeveloped  riches 
of  their  native  tongue.  . 

"  lie  designed  not  only  to  teach  the  art  of  shooting,  but  to  givB 
an  example  of  diction  more  natural  and  ncn-  truly  KUL'lish  than 
was  used  by  the  common  writers  of  that  ivjk:  whom  he  censures 
for  mingling  exotic  terms  with  their  native  Kiiiguage.  and  of  whom 
he  complains  that  they  were  made  authors,  not  by  skill  or  educa- 
tion, luit  by  .arrogance  and  temerity.  He  has  not  tailed  iu  either 
of  bis  purp'oses." — Dr.  .Johnson. 

He  has  been  called  "The  Father  of  Englhsh  Prose." 
Certain  it  is  that  "  previous  to  the  exertions  of  Ascham, 
verv  few  writers  can  be  mentioned  as  aft'ording  any  model 
for  English  stylo.  If  we  except  the  translati<ra  of  Frois- 
sart  by  Bourciiier.  Lord  Berners,  in  1620,  and  the  History 
of  Richard  IIL.  by  Sir  Thomas  More,  certainly  composi- 
tions of  great  merit,  we  shall  find  it  difficult  to  produce  .an 
author  of  much  value  for  his  vernacular  prose.  On  the 
contrary,  very  soon  after  the  appearance  of  the  'Toxo- 
philus,'" we  find  harmony  and  beauty  in  English  stylo  em- 
phatically praised  and  enjoined." — Dr.  Drake. 

So  unfashionable  was  it  at  this  time  for  the  learned  to 
condescend  to  the  use  cpf  English,  that  Ascham  prefaces 
his  work  by  an  apology  for  writing  in  his  own  languiige, 
doubting  not  that  he  should  be  blamed  for 

■•  Writing  it  in  the  English  tongue.  ...  As  for  the  Latin  or 
Greek  tongue,  every  thing  is  so  excellently  done  in  them,  that 
none  can  do  better;' in  the  English  tongue,  contrary,  every  thing 
in  a  m.anner  so  meanly  both  for  the  matter  and  handling,  that  no 
mau  can  do  worse.  . ".  .  Ho  that  will  write  well  iu  any  t«ngue 


ASC 


ASG 


must  follow  this  counsel  of  Aristotle:  to  sppak  as  the  (.■ommon 
people  do.  to  think  as  «ise  men  do:  as  so  should  every  man  uu- 
dei'staud  him.  and  the  judf^ment  of  wise  men  allnw  him." 

The  book  is  a  diiilogue  supported  by  Pbilologus,  a  stu- 
dent, and  Toxophiiiis,  a  lover  of  archery.  We  have  a 
modification  of  the  practice  of  the  art,  the  reguhitious  which 
should  go\eni  it,  and  its  inestimable  aihantages  for  va- 
rious piu-poses.  The  modest  archer,  with  true  humility, 
acknowledges  that  he  had  not  done  his  weighty  subject 
full  justice. 

Tox. :  *'  This  communication  handled  of  me,  Philologe,  as  I  know 
well,  not  pfi-titf ly,  yet,  as  I  suppose  trulye.  you  must  take  in  good 
worthe;  wherein,  if  divers  thinges  do  not  altogether  please  you, 
thancke  yourselfe,  which  would  rather  have  me  faulte  in  mei-e 
follye,  to  take  that  thinge  in  hand,  which  I  was  not  able  for  to 
perfourme,  than  by  any  shame  Cist  nesse  with-saye  your  request  and 
minde,  whith  I  know  wf  11 1  have  not  satisfyed." 

The  enthusiastic  son  of  the  bow,  with  an  admirable 
stroke  of  policy,  lets  his  friend  understand  that  he  has  no 
desire  to  monopolize  "The  seat  of  Gamaliel,"  but  he  will 
be  glad  "to  occupy  the  place  of  the  unlearned,"  and  pro- 
mises to  he  a  patient  auditor  when  Philologe  shall  himself 
think  proper  to  **  hold  forth :" 

"Hut  yet  1  will  thincke  this  labourof  myne  the  better  bestowed, 
if  to-morrow,  or  some  other  day  when  you  have  leysure.  you  will 
speude  as  murh  time  with  me  here  in  this  same  place,  in  entreat- 
ing the  question  df,  irrigine  ammcE.  and  the  joyniug  of  it  with  the 
bodye,  that  1  maye  knowe  howe  lane  Plato,  Aristotle,  and  the 
Stycians  have  wailed  in  it.' 

The  worthy  Philologe  would  be  hard-hearted  indeed  not 
to  he  exceedingly  amiable  on  the  reception  of  so  delicate 
a  compliment  as  this ;  accordingly  he  replies,  with  evident 
complacency : 

'■  How  you  have  handled  this  matter.  Toxnphile,  T  may  not  well 
tell  you  myselfe  now,  but  for  your  gent  Ienesseaiiil,;r<)i)d-\\  ill  towards 
learninge  and  shootinge.  I  wilt  be  content  to  shrwr  \  uu  anye  plea- 
sure whensoever  you  will ;  and  nowethe  suiine  is  il"\v  nr.  tlierefore, 
if  it  please  you.  we  will  go  home  and  drincke  in  my  chamber,  and  ' 
then  I  will  tell  you  plainlye  what  I  thincke  of  this  communica- 
tion, and  also  what  daye  we  will  appoiute,  at  your  request,  for  the 
other  matter  to  meete  here,  againe." 

"  The  Schole  Master,"  pub.  1571,  (colophon,  1573,)  was 
written  at  the  suggestion  of  Sir  Richard  Sackville.  The  title 
of  this  excellent  work  is  the  best  indication  of  its  object. 

"The  Schole  Master,  or  plaine  and  perfite  way  of  teaching  chil- 
dren to  understand,  write,  and  speak,  the  Latin  Tonge,  but  spe- 
cially purposed  for  the  private  bringing  up  of  Youth  in  lentleiuen 
and  Noblemen's  houses,  and  commodious  also  for  all  such  as  have 
forgot  the  Latin  Tonge.  and  would,  by  themselves,  without  a 
schole  master,  in  short  time,  and  with  small  paines.  recouer  a  suf- 
ficient habilitie  to  understand,  write,  and  spi-ak  Latin.  At  Lon- 
don, printed  by  John  Daye.  dwelling  over  Akii  r^Lrate,  Lnn..  1671." 

'*  A  book  that  will  be  always  useful,  and  e^  tilasriii^ily  »'>teemed 
on  account  of  the  goud  sense,  judicious  observati'iiis.  i\i  client  cha- 
racters of  ancient  authors,  and  many  pleasant  and  jfiulitaljle  pas- 
sages of  English  history  ,which  are  plentifully  strewed  therein." — 
Dr.Campbei.i,. 

"  Perhaps  the  best  advice  that  ever  was  given  for  the  study  of 
languages." — Dr.  Johnson. 

'■A  more  interesting  and  judicious  treatise  has  not  appeared 
upon  the  subject  in  any  language." — Dr.  Drake. 

"  The  work  is  strongly  expressive  of  the  author's  humanity  and 
good  sense,  and  abounds  with  proofs  of  extensive  and  accurate 
erudition.  It  contains  excellent  practical  advice,  particularly  on 
the  method  of  teaching  classical  learning." — Cunningham  s  Biog. 
Hi&tortj. 

'•  The  writings  of  the  learned  and  judicious  Ascham  possess,  both 
in  style  and  matter,  a  value  whiL-h  must  not  be  measured  by  their 
inconsiderable  bulk.  Their  language  is  pure,  idiomatic,  vigorous 
English;  they  exhibit  gre^it  variety  of  knowledge,  remarkable  sa- 
gacity, and  sound  common  sense." — Spalding. 

"  Ascham  is  a  tliorough-bred  philologist,  and  of  the  purest  water. 
.  .  .  After  Ascham  and  AVilson,  we  look  in  vain,  during  the  mid- 
dle of  the  sixteenth  century,  for  any  names  equally  illustrious  in 
the  annals  of  English  philolngv." — Dr.  Dirdin. 

"Ascham  is  a  gnat  naiiu-  in  our  national  literature.  He  was 
one  of  the  first  founders  of  a  true  English  style  in  prose  composi- 
tion, and  one  of  the  most  respectable  and  useful  of  our  scholars. 
He  was  amongst  the  first  to  reject  the  use  of  foreign  words  and 
Idioms — a  fashion,  which  in  the  reign  of  Henry  the  Eighth,  began 
to  be  so  prevalent,  that  the  authors  of  that  day,  by  '  usinge 
straunge  wordcs.  as  Latine,  Frenche.  and  Italian,  did  make  all 
thinges  darke  and  harde.'  ...  As  a  scholar,  he  was  acute,  leJirned, 
and  laborious." — lietrns.  Revinv,  vol.  iv.  p.  76. 

It  is  truly  remarkable  that  the  English  works  of  Ascham 
seem  for  so  long  a  period  to  have  been  almost  entirely  for- 
gotten !     Dr.  Johnson  truly  remarks  : 

"  That  his  English  works  have  been  so  long  neglected,  is  a  proof 
of  the  uncertainty  of  literary  lame.  He  was  scarrely  known  as  an 
author  in  his  own  language  till  Mr.  Upton  published  his  School- 
Master  with  learned  notes.  His  other  pieces  were  read  only  by 
those  few  %vho  delight  in  obsolete  books." 

The  Life  of  Ascham,  and  the  Dedication  to  the  Earl  of 
Shaftesbury,  prefixed  to  Bennet's  edition  of  his  English 
works.  (Lon..  1761.)  were  written  by  Dr.  Johnson. 

Apologia  pro  Ciena  Dominica  contra  Missam,  Ac,  Lon- 

dini,  1577.     With  dedication  to  the  Earl  of  Leicester,  some 

hexameters,  and  an  epistle  to  the  reader.     Reprint.,  1587. 

Epistolarum  Libri  tres,  Ac,  Londiui,  1587,  dedicated  to 


Queen  Elizabeth.  Reprinted,  15S1.  Ibid,  edidit  Elstob. 
Oxon.,  17ti;i.  with  a  frontispiece  by  M.  Burghers,  contain- 
ing ten  English  portraits,  and  the  author  reading  to  Queen 
Elizabeth.  Considered  the  best  edition  of  the  Letters: 
poems  not  included.  These  Letters  are  held  in  gi-eat 
esteem  for  style  and  matter,  and  are  one  of  the  few  classi- 
cal collections  of  the  kind  written  by  Englisbmcu.  Warton 
considers  that  *' the  Latinity  of  Ascham's  prose  has  little 
elegance,"  but  we  have  seen  Buchanan's  commendation  in 
the  Epigram  quoted  ante. 

A  Report  and  Discourse  of  the  Affaires  and  State  of 
Germany,  and  the  Emperor  Charles  his  Court,  durying 
certaine  j'ears,  (1550-1552.)  The  result  of  Ascham's  per- 
sonal observations  when  attached  to  the  embassy  to  the 
emperor.     Dr.  Campbell  praises  this  Report  as 

"  One  of  the  most  delicate  pieces  of  history  that  ever  was  penned 
in  our  language,  evincing  its  author  to  have  been  a  man  as  capable 
of  shining  in  the  cabinet  as  in  the  closet." 

One  of  the  two  editions  bears  date  1570,  the  other  is 
sine  aniin. 

The  Rev.  John  Walters  pub.  in  1588  a  reprint  of  the 
first  edition  of  Toxophilus,  with  extracts  from  books  sub- 
sequent to  the  date  of  its  appearance. 

Ascheton,  William.     See  AssnETox. 

Ascu,  E.  Historic,  containing  the  Warres,  Treatises, 
Marriages,  and  other  Occurents,  between  England  and 
Scotland,  from  King  William  the  Conqueror,  untill  the 
happy  union  of  them  both  in  King  James,  1607. 

A^igill,  John.  An  Apologetical  Oration,  on  an  extra- 
ordinary occasion,  Lou.,  1760. 

"A  pretty  respectable  defence  of  Lord  George  Sackville." — Watt. 

Asgilly  John,  d.  17;'i8,  at  an  advanced  age,  was  a 
lawyer,  and  the  author  of  a  number  of  books,  pub.  Lon., 
1700-1727.  He  is  remarkable  as  having  been  subjected 
to  much  persecution  in  consequence  of  a  work  pub.  in  1700, 
entitled  Argument,  proving  that  Men  may  be  translated  to 
Heaven  without  dying,  according  to  the  Covenant  of  Eter- 
nal Life,  revealed  in  the  Scriptures,  although  the  Human 
Nature  of  Christ  himself  could  not  thus  be  translated  till 
he  had  passed  through  Death.  This  unfortunate  publica- 
tion, which  a  later  judgment  has  pronounced  rather  absurd 
than  impious,  was  condemned  by  Dr.  Sacheverell  as  "one 
of  the  blasphemous  writings  which  induced  him  to  think 
the  church  in  danger."  He  sat  as  a  member  of  the  Irish 
House  of  Commons  only  four  days,  when  he  was  expelled 
for  this  performance.  Returning  to  England  he  was  chosen 
membertbrBramber, county  of  Sussex,  in  1705.  In  1707, 
he  was  expelled  from  his  seat  upon  a  representation  of  a 
committee  of  which  Edward  Harley,  Esf|..  was  chairman, 
that  the  book  "  contained  several  blasplicnmns  expressions, 
and  seemed  to  be  intended  to  ridienic  the  Sn  iptures." 

"  From  this  time  his  affairs  grew  muri'  drsjuTatt^  and  he  was 
obliged  to  retire  first  to  tb.-  Mint,  and  then  became  a  prisoner  in 
the  King's  Bench,  but  rennn.d  hiiiis.lf  thence  to  the  Fleet,  and  in 
the  rules  of  one  or  other  fif  thcsr  pri-nns  continued  thii'ty  years.'' 

Among  the  principal  of  his  works  were :  Several  Asser- 
tions Proved,  in  order  to  create  another  Species  of  Money 
than  Gold  or  Silver.  An  Essay  on  a  Registry  for  Titles 
of  Lands,  1771.  This  work  is  written  in  a  very  hu- 
morous style.  The  Succession  of  the  House  of  Hanover 
Vindicated,  Lon.,  17H.  This  was  an  answer  to  Mr.  Bed- 
ford's famous  book.  Dr.  Southey  is  disposed  to  think  that 
Asgill's  theological  treatise  which  gave  so  much  offence, 
was  the  result  of  a  professional  habit  of  mind,  which  led 
him  to  take  nothing  for  granted,  but  induced  him  to  ex- 
amine every  question  critically  for  his  own  satisfaction. 

"  The  whole  strength  of  his  mind  was  devoted  to  his  profession,  in 
which  he  had  so  completely  trammelled  and  drilled  his  intellectual 
powers,  that  he  at  length  acquired  a  habit  of  looking  at  all  sub- 
jects in  a  legal  point  of  view.  lie  could  find  Haws  in  an  hereditary 
crown.  But  it  was  not  to  seek  flaws  that  he  studied  the  Bible :  ha 
studied  it  to  see  whether  he  could  not  claim,  under  the  Old  and 
New  Testament,  something  move  than  was  considered  to  be  his 
share." 

For  copious  extracts  from  Asgill's  Argument,  see  The 
Doctor  :  part  the  Second.  Asgill,  in  contending  that  men 
had  made  a  great  mistake  in  dying  for  so  many  years, 
only  because  they  thought  they  were  obliged  to  die,  had 
to  admit  that  the  evidence  told  strongly  against  him !  He 
was  not  able  to  deny  that  "this  custom  of  the  world  to 
die,  hath  gained  such  a  prevalency  over  our  minds  by  pre- 
possessing us  of  the  necessity  of  death,  that  it  stands  ready 
to  swallow  my  argument  whole  without  digesting  it."  Yet 
nothing  daunted  by  this  startling  fact,  of  men's  daily  in- 
sisting upon  dying,  he  stoutly  contends  that  *•  the  custom 
of  the  world  to  die  is  no  argument  one  way  or  other  \" 
He  explains  all  this  in  a  trice,  by  declaring  that  the 
dominion  id'  death  is  supported  by  our  fear  of  it,  "'  by  which 
it  bath  bullied  the  world  to  this  day."  We  have  seen 
that  his  ungrateful  contemporaries,  not  appreciating  hia 

73 


ASH 

friendly  efforts  to  extend  their  lonsevity,  punished,  in- 
stead of  rewarding,  him,  and  insisted  upon  following  their 
old  custom  with  that  pertinacious  adherence  to  the  man- 
ners of  their  forefathers  for  which  Englishmen  have  been 
always  proverbial.  Asgill  no  doubt  pitied  their  delusion, 
and  deplored  their  folly,  as  he  saw  Ihem  dropping  ofl"  one 
by  one ;  and  as  he  is  said  to  have  almost  attained  his  100th 
year,  perhaps  the  new  generation  were  beginning  to  sus- 
pect that  Lawyer  Asgill  was  not  so  far  wrong  after  all,  and 
that  their  progenitors  had  the  weak  side  of  an  argument 
to  which  they  had  yielded  themselves  martyrs.  But  death 
had  only  ••  stayed  e.\ecution,"  not  '•  abandoned  his  claim  ;" 
and,  in  November,  1738,  Asgill  was  forced  to  be  a  witness 
against  himself,  and,  to  use  old  Anthony  Wood's  favourite 
phrase,  he  "  gave  way  to  fate,"  to  prove,  we  trust,  the  truth 
of  the  old  motto  which  he  so  much  censured,  that  '*  Death 
is  the  Gate  of  Life,"  the  entrance  to  a  blissful  immortality, 
to  those  who  by  "  patient  continuance  in  well-doing,  have 
waited  their  appointed  time  till  their  change  come,"  justi- 
fied, sanctified,  and  made  meet  for  the  "  inheritance  of  the 
saints  in  light."  Wo  believe  Asgill  to  have  been  a  good 
man,  but  one  who  had 

"  Found  it  pleasant 
To  sail,  like  Pyrrho,  on  a  sea  of  speculation," 

nntil  fancy  had  usurped  the  province  of  reason,  and  the 
deductions  of  judgment  been  displaced  by  the  vagaries  of 
the  imagination. 

Ash,  Charles.     Adbaston:  a  Poem,  1814. 

Ash,  Edward,  M.D.  d.  1829,  conducted  a  weekly 
paper,  published  in  numbers,  entitled  The  Speculator,  1790. 

'*  He  amused  himself  with  the  elegancies  of  literature,  and  .as- 
sisted the  College  of  Physicians  in  the  anan^ement  and  stvle  of 
their  oftici.al  papers  and  publications;  but  he  did  not  publish  any 
work  oa  medical  science," — Hose's  Biog.  Diet. 

Ash,  St.  George,  Bishop  of  Cloyne,  1658-1717,  pub. 
six  sermons  separately,  1694-1718 ;  and  contributed  to  the 
Phil.  Trans.,  1684-98.  Ho  was  a  member  of  the  Royal 
Society, 

Ash,  John.     Account  of  Affairs  in  Carolina,  1703, 

Ash,  John,  M.D„  172,1-1798,  of  Trinity  Coll.,  O.xf., 
attained  great  eminence  in  his  profession.  He  practised 
for  many  ye.ars  in  Birmingham  and  London,  In  17S8  he 
piib.  (the  result  of  his  own  investigations)  E.\periments 
and  Observations  to  investigate  by  Chemical  Analysis  the 
Medicinal  Properties  of  the  Mineral  Waters  of  Spa  and 
Aix-la-Chapelle,  in  (icrmany  ;  and  of  the  Waters  and  Bone 
near  St.  Amand,  in  French  Flanders,  Dr,  Ash  was  founder 
and  president  of  the  celebrated  Eumelian  club,  of  which 
Sir  Joshua  Reynolds.  Mr,  AVindham.  Boswell,  and  others, 
were  meraticrs.     See  Boswell's  Life  of  Johnson. 

A.sh,  John,  LL.D.,  1724-1779,  a  dissenting  minister 
at  Pershore  in  Worcestershire,  pub.  several  works,  17C0- 
77,  the  principal  of  which  is,  A  New  and  Complete  Eng- 
lish Dictionary,  Lon.,  1775.     2  vols.  8vo. 

"  The  plan  was  extensive  beyond  any  thins;  of  the  kind  ever 
attempted,  and  perhaps  embraced  much  more  than  was  necessary, 
or  useful.  It  is  valualile.  however,  as  containing  a  very  lart;e  pro- 
portion of  obsolete  words,  and  such  provincial  or  caut  words  as 
have  crept  info  treneral  use." — Ch.\lmers. 

Ash,  T.     Entick's  Spelling  Diet,  abridged. 

Ashburnrr,  A.  ill.  Sermon  at  Ordination  of  the  late 
Sir  Harry  Trelawney,  1777, 

Ashbiirnhani,  John,  1603-1671,  Narrative  of  his 
Attendance  on  King  Charles  I..  Lon.,  1830. 

"This  work  is  valuable  from  throwinf;  much  li;,'ht  on  a  portion 
of  history  which  has  hitherto  been  involved  in  unusual  obscu- 
rity."— XrtH.  Alh<n<Fuin. 

Ashbnrnham,  Wm.  Restoration  of  the  Jews,  A 
Poem,  Lon.,  1794.     Elegiac  Sonnets,  Ac,  Lon. ,1795. 

Ashbnrnham,  Sir  Wm.,  Bishop  of  Chichester,  Ser- 
mons pub,  separately,  1745-64. 

Ashby,  George,  an  Engli.sh  poet  of  the  reign  of 
Henry  VI.  He  wrote,  for  the  instruction  of  Prince  Eilward, 
a  poem  on  the  Active  Policy  of  a  Prince,  A  copy  is  pre- 
served among  the  MSS,  in  the  Public  Library  of  the 
University  of  Cambridge.  Its  author  states  that  he  wrote 
it  in  his  eightieth  year. — Ritsox. 

Ashby,  George,  1724-1808,  an  English  divine  and 
antii|uary,  educated  at  St.  John's  Coll.  Camb..  was  a  valu- 
able contributor  to  several  important  works.  Bishop  Percy, 
Mr.  tiranger,  Richard  Gough,  and  a  number  of  others, 
acknowledged  his  intelligent  aid,  Mr.  Ashby  was  the 
Suffolk  clergyman  spoken  of  so  handsomely  by  the  Rev. 
Thomas  Harmer,  in  his  preface  to  the  third  volume  of  Ob- 
servations on  Script\ne.  James  Barringtnn  refers  to  his 
assistance  in  his  work  on  the  Statutes,  ed.  1775,  p.  12;  and 
Mr.  Nichols  remarks  that, 

-T.)  this  respectat)le  divine.  I  have  repeatediv  expressed  mv  ob- 
ligations in  tho  course  of  the  Uistory  of  Leiceslieishire,  for  prompt 


18, 


ASH 

1  and  useful  information  on  every  subject  of  literature.     Pee  par* 
ticularly  his  Dissertation  on  the  Leicester  Mililary,  vol.  i.  p.  lo.^.-' 

But  he  is  best  known  to  the  lover  of  literary  history,  as 
"1.  F."  [Taylor's  Friend,]  the  author  of  many  spicy  notes 
in  Nichols's  Life  of  Boyer,  the  precursor  of  that  invaluable 
magazine  of  entertainment  and  information,  Nichols's 
LiTER.\RV  Anecdotes, 

Ashby,  Sir  John.  His  and  Rear  Admiral  Rook'a 
Account  of  the  Engagement  at  Sea,  between  the  Dutch, 
English,  and  French  Fleets,  June,  1690,  Lon.,  1691. 

Ashby,  Richard,  a  Quaker.  A  Sermon  preached  on 
no  tc.\t,  at  St.  Martin's  Le  Grand,  Feb.  16, 1693,  Lon,,  1694. 

Ashby,  Saml.  The  Young  Analyst's  Exercise,  Lon., 
1741, 

Ashdowne,  J.     Ch.  Warden's  and  Overseer's  Guide, 

135. 

Ashdowne,  Win.     Theolog.  Works,  1777-98. 

Ashe.     Sermons,  1741, 

-4she,  Isaac.  The  Book  of  Revelation,  with  com- 
pendious notes,  Ac,  Dublin,  1834. 

"The  author  has  so  condensed  the  result  of  his  reading,  as  to 
present  in  a  very  brief  and  convenient  form  all  that  is  worth  pos- 
sessing in  the  voluminous  writin.Lrs  of  those  who  have  addicted 
themselves  to  the  study  of  tho  prophetic  Scriptures."— iwi.  Evan- 
gelical Mag. 

Ashe,  J.     Life  of  William  Bagshaw,  1704, 

Ashe,  Jonathan.  The  Masonic  Manual,  or  Lectures 
on  Free  Masonry,  1S13. 

Ashe,  Nicholas.     Panthia;  a  Tragedy,  1803. 

Ashe,  Robert  Iloadlv,  D.D,  Poet.  Trans,  by  J. 
Brown,  a  boy  eleven  years  old,  1787.  Letter  to  John 
Milner,  relative  to  Bishop  Uoadly,  1799. 

"An  excellent  scholar." — iSiciioLS, 

Ashe,  Simeon,  d.  1662,  a  Puritan  divine  temp. 
Charles  I.  and  the  Commonwealth.  He  pub,  separately 
several  sermons,  Lon.,  1642-55,  and  wrote  prefaces  to  va- 
rious works. 

"  He  was  a  Christian  of  the  primitive  simplicity,  and  a  Xoncon- 
formist  of  the  old  stamp.  He  was  eminent  for  a  holy  life,  a  cheei^ 
ful  mind,  and  a  fluent  elejrancy  in  pi-ayer." — Da.  Cal.vmy. 

Ashe,  Thos.,  of  Gray's  Inn,  pub,  a  number  of  works 
intended  as  Indexes,  &c.  to  the  Year  Books  and  Law  Re- 
ports, Lon,,  1602-33.  In  1618  appeared  his  Fasciculus 
Florum ;  or  an  handful  of  flowers  gathered  out  of  the 
several  books  of  the  Right  Hon.  Sir  Edward  Coke.  Hia 
Promptuaire  was  pub.  in  1614. 

"By  the  helpe  thereof,  that  which  was  heretofore  confused,  full 
of  paines.  and  ambiguous,  will  now  become  short,  plain,  easy,  and 
compendious." 

"  The  author  seems  to  have  had  a  passion  for  writinp:  Indexes 
and  Digests,  which  he  prepared  with  great  cite,  but  which  are  now 
of  couiitaratively  little  use." — Marvin's  Lrgal  BtU.,  which  see. 

Ashe,  Thos.  Carolina;  or.  Description  of  the  Present 
State  of  that  Country,  Ac,  Lon,,  1682.  See  Hist,  Coll.  of 
South  Carolina,  by  B,  K.  Carroll,  N,Y.,  1836,  2  vols.  8vo. 

Ashe,  Thos.,  Esq.,  pub.  several  works,  Lon.,  1808- 
12.     Travels  in  America  in  ISOii,  Lon.,  1808. 

"  He  has  spoiled  a  good  book  by  eugraftiug  incredible  stories  on 
authentic  facts." — Lon.  Quarterly  Review. 

Life  and  Corresp.  of  Thos,"  Ashe,  1814,  3  vols,  p.  Svo. 

Ashebnrne,  Thos.,  wrote  in  1384  (in  tho  Cottonian 
MS.  Ap.  vii.)  a  religious  poem.  De  Contcmptu  Mundi. 

Asheton,  Wni.     See  Assiieton. 

Ashhurst,  Sir  II.     Life  of  Rev.  N,  Haywood,  1695. 

Ashhur.st,  Sir  W.  H.  Charge  to  the  Grand  Jurv,1792. 

Ashley.     Tho  Art  of  Painting,  A-c.  in  Glass,  1801. 

Ashley,  Anthony.    The  Mar"iner's  Mirror,  Ac,  1588. 

Ashley,  Henry.  The  Doctrine  and  Prac.  of  Attach- 
ment in  the  Mayor's  Court,  Lon.     2d  ed.  Lon.,  1819. 

Ashley,  John,  A  work  rel.  to  Brit,  Col.  in  America, 
Lon.,  1740. 

Ashley,  Jonathan,  1713-1780,  minister  at  Dcerfield, 
Massachusetts,  pub.  Sermons,  <tc,,  1741-45. 

Ashley,  Itobt.,  1505-1641,  translated  a  number  of 
works  into  English;  1.  Urania,  a  Celestial  Muse,  Lon., 
1589.  2.  Of  the  Interehangeablo  Course,  1594.  3.  Al- 
mansor,  1627.  4,  Cochin  China,  1633.  5.  David  Perse- 
cuted. 

Ashmand,  J.  i»I,  Trans.  Ptolemy's  Tertrabiblos,  or 
Quadriparti,  ,tc.,  Lon..  1822. 

Ashmcad,  John  W.  Reports  in  the  Courts  of  Com- 
mon Pleas,  (Quarter  Sessions,  Oyer  and  Terminer,  and 
Orphan's    Court   of  the   First   District   of  Pennsylvania, 

2  vols.    Svo,  Philada.,  1S3S-41. 

"The  second  volume  contains  miiny  abjudications  of  law  and 
of  equity  decided  after  the  act  of  June  10,  WM.  by  which  exten- 
sive equity  powers  were  conferred  upon  the  judges  of  this  court, 

"  Mr.  Ashmcad  appears  to  have  performed  his  task  with  accu- 
racy and  general  ,  are."' 

Ashmole,  Elias,  1617-1693,  the  founder  of  the  Ash- 
moleau  Museum  at  Oxford,  a  celebrated  philosopher,  an- 


ASH 


ASH 


tiqunry.  nnrl  rhemist,  was  born  at  Lichfield,  in  Stafford- 
shire. In  1(541  he  became  attorney  of  the  Cnmmon  Picas, 
lu  iOU  he  entA;red  himself  of  Braseuosc  College,  Oxford, 
where  he  zealously  devoted  himself  to  the  study  of  Mathe- 
matics, Natural  Philosophy,  and  Astronomy.  Upon  his 
return  to  Loudon,  he  became  an  associate  of  Moore,  Lilly, 
Booker,  and  other  astrologers  and  Rosicrucianists,  the 
effects  of  which  studies  were  seen  by  his  publication,  in 
1650.  of  Dr.  Arthur  Dee's  Fasciculus  Chemicus;  together 
with  another  tract  of  the  same  character,  by  an  unknown 
author.  In  1652  appeared  his  Theatrum  Chemicum  Bri- 
tannicum.  a  collection  of  the  works  of  such  English  Chem- 
ists as  had  remained  in  manuscript.  In  a  letler  to  Mr. 
(afterwards  Sir  William)  Dugdale,  whom  he  accompanied 
in  his  Purvey  of  the  Fens,  he  gives  an  account  of  the 
Roman  Road  called  Bennevanmt,  in  Antoniuus's  Itinerary. 
In  1655  or  165S  he  began  to  collect  materials  for  his 
History  of  the  Institutions,  Laws,  and  Ceremonies  of  the 
most  Noble  Order  of  the  Garter,  which  he  published  in 
1672:  upon  presenting  a  copy  to  King  Charles  IL,  he 
granted  him  a  privy  seal  for  £100.  In  1679  he  lost,  by  a 
fire,  a  collection  of  9000  coins,  a  fine  library,  and  many 
curiosities.  In  16S2,  the  University  of  Oxford  having 
prepared  a  building  for  their  reception,  he  sent  thither  his 
collection  of  coins,  medals,  <tc. ;  and  at  his  death  the  Ash- 
molean  Museum  was  still  further  enriched  by  the  bequest 
of  the  books  and  MSS.  of  the  learned  founder.  His  His- 
tory of  Berkshire  was  published  after  his  death  {in  1715) 
in  3  vols,  folio,  and  is  not  thought  to  do  the  author  justice.  I 

■'  lly  was  the  greatest  virtuoso  and  curioso  that  ever  was  known 
or  H'ad  of  in  Kogland  before  his  time.     Ujnor  SrAu  took  up  its 
hal'itatinn  la  his  breast,  and  in  his  bosom  the  great  God  did  i 
abundantly  store  up  the  treasures  of  all  sorts  of  wisdom  and  ' 
knowlL'dge.     Much  of  his  time,  when  he  was  in  the  prime  of  his  j 
years,  was  spent  in  chemistry ;  in  which  faculty,  bt-ing  accounted  ! 
fe,mo«s.  he  did  worthily  deserve  the  title  of  Mercurio  philus  An- 
glicus." — lVi}od\'i  Athlon.  Oxon. 

Ashmole's  Diary,  reprinted  at  the  end  of  Lilly's  History 
of  his  Life  and  Times  in  1774,  "abounds  so  much  in  ab- 
surd and  whimsical  facts  as  to  be  almost  an  injury  to  Ash- 
mole's memory."  Ashmole  was  thrice  married;  his  third 
wife  was  the  daughter  of  his  friend.  Sir  William  Dugdale. 
The  History  of  the  Order  of  the  Garter 

"  Was  his  tireatest  undertaking,  and  had  he  published  nothing 
else,  would  have  preserved  his  memory,  as  it  certainly  is,  in  its 
kind,  one  of  the  most  valuable  books  in  our  language." — Cualmeks. 
The  work  "  obtained  great  applause,  not  only  from  his 
majesty,  but  from  all  the  Knights  Companions,  and  others 
attached  to  studies  of  that  kind." 

Among  other  Knights  Companions  who  testified  their 
approbation  of  our  author's  performance,  was  Christierne, 
King  of  Denmark,  who  sent  to  Ashmole  a  gold  chain  with  I 
a  medal  hanging  to  it.  | 

'*  Whereupon  Mr.  Ashmole  showing  it  to  his  majesty,  his  ma- 
jesty commanded  him  to  wear  it:  which  hw  accordingly  did  in 
some  public  solemnities  that  followed.  .  .  Frederick  William,  I 
Prince  Elector  of  the  Empire,  was  so  exceedingly  taken  with  it,  ' 
that  he  not  only  sent  to  the  author  a  golden  chain  of  90  Phila- 
green  links,  in  great  knotts  most  curiously  worked,  with  a  gold 
medal  banging  to  it,  containing  on  one  side  his  father's  picture, 
and  <in  the  other  an  escutcheon  of  his  arms,  but  took  order  that 
it  should  be  transLited  into  the  Dutch  language;  but  whether  it 
was  so,  I  cannot  yet  t-ell,  for  I  have  not  yet  seen  it." — Wood. 

For  an  analysis  of  this  work,  see  Oldys's  British  Libra- 
rian, p.  119-26;  and  see  an  interesting  correspondence 
between  Earl  Harcourt  and  Richard  Gough,  in  Nichols's 
Literary  Anecdotes,  vol.  vi.  p.  324,  in  which  the  subject  of 
females  wearing  the  Order  of  the  Garter  is  considered.  In 
Thoresby's  Diary,  wo  find  a  notice  calculated  to  excite 
pensive  emotions,  of  a  visit  paid  by  him  to  the  former 
residence  of  Ashmole: 

'■June  1, 1712.  In  our  return,  passing  by  the  house  where  Mr. 
Ashmole  once  lived,  we  visited  the  widow,  who  showed  us  the  re- 
mains of  Mr.  Tradescant's  rarities,  amongst  which  some  valuable 
shflls  and  Indian  curiosities." 

With  what  delight  would  the  master  of  these  "  rarities," 
the  great  **  virtuoso  and  curioso,"  have  displayed  them  to 
this  kindred  spirit !  How  would  he  have  expatiated  upon 
those  wonderful  "Coynes  and  Meddals"  which  Anthony 
Wood  describes  with  such  true  antiquarian  gusto  !  Like 
Hezeklah,  he  would  doubtless  have  "  shewed  them  all  the 
house  of  his  precious  things,  the  silver  and  the  gold,  and 
the  spices  and  the  precious  ointment,  and  all  the  house  of 
his  armour,  and  all  that  was  found  in  his  treasures :  there 
was  nothing  in  his  house"  that  he  would  have  *'  shewed 
them  not."  But  let  us  not  forget,  that  although  it  was  a 
woman's  province  to  gratify  the  erudite  taste  of  Ralph 
Thoresby,  by  displaying  these  antiquarian  rarities,  that 
woman  was  the  widow  of  Elias  Ashmole  and  the  daugh- 
ter of  Sir  William  Dugdale! 

Ashmore.     Views  in  Scotland,  Perth,  179-t. 


Ashmore,  John,  an  English  poetof  the  early  part  of 
the  17th  century.  Tlie  only  wnrk  ut  his  extant,  is. Certain 
Selected  Odes  of  Horace  Englished,  Ac,  Lnn.,  1021.  The 
Epigrammes,  Ac.  consist  principally  of  short  addresses 

"To  Several  of  the  author's  patrons  and  frii-nds,  extvpt  a  few 
more  translations  at  the  end.  dedicated  to  Sir  Thomas  \\  hai'ton, 
son  and  heir  of  Philip.  Lurd  Whiirton." — Censura  Litt-ruria,  which 
see  for  further  descriptinn. 

Ashmore,  Thos.  Work  upon  Bk.  of  Eng.,  Lon.,  1774. 

Ashmun,  Jehudi,  1794-1828,  agent  of  the  American 
Colonization  Society,  pub.  The  Memoirs  of  Rev.  Samuel 
Bacon,  and  some  papers  in  the  African  Repository. 

Ashton,  Charles,  1665-1752,  admitted  of  Queen's 
Cull.  Camb.,  1682,  was  an  eminent  scholar.  He  con- 
tributed anonymously  to  the  Bibliotheca  Literaria  of 
Wasse,  Ac. ;  wrote  some  treatis^es  upon  ecclesiastical  an- 
tiquities, and  prepared  for  the  press  an  edition  of  Justin 
Martyr,  publij^hed  after  his  death  bv  Mr.  Kellcft. 

Ashton,  G,     The  Prisoners  Plaint,  Lon.,  1623. 

Ashton,  J.  Answer  to  the  Paper  delivered  by  him  at 
his  execution  to  Sir  Win.  Child  j  and  the  paper  itself, 
Lon.,  1601). 

Ashton,  J.     The  Christian  Expositor,  Lon.,  1774,  etc. 

Ashton,  J.     Conscience:  a  Tragedy,  1815. 

Ashton,  P.  Translated  A  short  Treatise  upon  the 
Turke's  Chronicle:  printed  by  Whitechurch,  Lon.,  1546. 

Ashton,  R.     See  Aston,  R. 

Ashton,  Sophia  Goodrich,  b.  1S19,  Mass.,  daughter 
of  Rev.  C.  A.  Goodrich.  Mothers  of  the  Bible;  Series  of 
Juveuiles. 

Ashton,  Thos.,  b.  16.11,  a  Fellow  of  Brasenose  Col- 
lege, Oxf.  Wood  calls  him  a  **  forward  and  conceited 
scholar,  and  a  malapert  in  and  near  Oxford."  Pert  enough 
he  seems  to  have  been  from  the  titles  of  his  two  little  books 
directed  against  Colonel  Mason,  the  Governor  of  Jersey : 

1.  Blood-thirsty  Cyrus  unsatisfied  with  blood,  Ac,  1659. 

2.  Satan  in  Samuel's  Mantle,  Ac,  1659. 

Ashton,  Thos.,  1716-1775,  of  Eton  and  King's  Coll. 
Camb.,  puli.  Sermons  separately,  1745-70  ;  and  some  let- 
ters and  pamphlets  :     On  the  question  of  electing  Aliens 
into  the  vacant  places  in  Eton  College,  1771.     See  a  letter 
addressed  to  him  by  Horace  Walpole  from  Florence. 
Ashton,  Walter,     Serm.  on  Ps.  ciii.  1,  Lon.,  1623. 
Ashton,  M'illiam.     See  Asshkton. 
AshAvell,  George,  1612-1693,  rector  of  HanwcU,  in 
Oxfordshire,  pub.  Fides  Apostolica,  Oxon.,  1653;  Gestus 
Eucharisticns,    Oxon.,    1663;    De   Socino  et  Sociauismo, 
Oxon.,  1680;  De  Eeclesia,   Oson..  1688.     He  also  trans. 
Philosophus  Antodidactus,  Lon.,  1686.     Wood  gives  him 
a  high  character : 

"This  iMr.  Ashwell.  who  was  a  quiet  and  pious  man.  and  every 
way  worthy  of  his  function,  had  been  an  excellent  logician,  and 
of  a  very  rational  head  and  understanding,  was  also  well  n-ad  in 
the  Fathers  and  Schoi>lmen.  and,  therefore,  very  much  valued  by 
Divines  whose  learoing  lay  that  way." 

Ashwell,  John,  Prior  of  Newnham  Abbey,  near 
Bedford.  "The  Letters  which  Johan  Ashwell.  Prionr  of 
Newnham  Abbey  besydes  Bcdforde.  sente  secretley  to  the 
Byshope  of  Lyncolue.  M.B.XXVIL  Where  in  the 
sayde  Pryour  accnseth  George  Joye,  that  Tyme  beyng 
Felow  of  Peter  College  in  Cambrydge,  of  fewer  opinions: 
with  the  Answerc  of  the  sayde  George  unto  the  same  opi- 
nions." 

"At  Straszburge  10  Daye  of  June.  Thys  lytell  Boke 
be  dely wered  to  Johan  Ashwell,  Priour  of  Newnha  Abbey, 
besydes  Bcdforde,  with  Spede.'* 

This  work  is  of  great  interest,  not  only  to  the  biblio- 
grapher, and  lover  of  rare  works,  but  as  connected  with 
the  history  of  one  of  the  first  men  who  stood  forth  in 
England,  and  boldly  advocated  the  ''  universal  dift'usion" 
of  the  gospel.  The  Prior  of  Newnham  accused  Joye  of 
I  heresy,  and  Joye  answers  the  charge. 

I  "  lie  was  a  great  friend  to  Master  Tiudall.  and.  therefore,  per- 
i  fectly  hatted  by  Wolsey,  Fisher,  and  Sir  Thomas  More.  The  par- 
'  titulars  of  his  sufferings,  if  known,  would  justly  advani'c  him 
into  the  reputation  of  a  confessor.  He  translated  some  parts  of 
the  Bible  into  Knglish.  and  wrote  many  works,  reckoned  up  l.y 
Hale.  Xotwithstanding  many  machinations  against  his  life,  lie 
found  his  coffin  where  he  fetched  his  cradle,  '  in  sua  patriii  se^l- 
tus,'.  being  peaceably  buried  in  his  native  country,  1553,  the  hist 
ytiar  of  King  Kdward  the  SLxth." — FuUfi-'s  Worffiies. 

For  an  interesting  account  of  Ashwell's  Letters,  &c., 
1  see  the  Ketn.spective  Review,  N.S.,  vol.  ii. 

AshAvell,     Samuel,    M.D.      1.    Diseases    Peculiar 
to    Women,     Lou.,    8vo ;     Phila,,    Svo.      2.     Parturition, 
,  Svo.     See  Goddard,  Paul  B.,  M.D. 
1      Ashwell,  Thos.,  Compos,  of  Church  Music,    temp. 
Hen.  YIH.  ^ 

j      AshAVood,  Bart.     The  Heavenly  Trade,  Lon.,  16S8, 
I      Ashwood,  John.     Discourses,  1707. 

75 


ASH 

Ashworth,  Caleb,  1721-1775,  presided  for  23  years 
over  tlij;  I'isseiiting  theological  institution  estaljlisbed 
uiK.u  Coward's  Foundation.  Ur.  Doddridge  in  his  last 
will  recomiiicnds  Mr.  Ashworth  for  this  responsible  post. 
He  pub.  three  Funeral  Sermons  on  the  deaths  of  Dr. 
Watts,  Mr.  Floyd,  and  Mrs.  Clark  ;  A  Coll.  of  Tunes  and 
Anthems;  a  Hebrew  Grammar;  and  An  Intro,  to  Plane 
Trigonometry. 

"  With  iudetati<;.xble  application,  with  genuine  and  well-regu- 
lated zeal,  and  with  growing  reputation  aud  success,  he  exerted 
his  eminent  abilities  and  extensive  acquaintance  with  sacred  aud 
human  HIerature  in  the  s^-rvice  of  his  great  Master,  and  in  pro- 
motiug  the  impoi-tant  interest  of  learning,  religion,  and  charity."' 
— Insci-iptiou  on  his  monument. — Hose's  Bii'g.  Did. 

Aske,  James,  author  of  Elizabetha  Triumphans, 
written  in  commeinoratioa  of  the  defeat  of  the  Spanish 
Armada,  15S8,  and  pub.  in  that  year.  It  is  in  blank 
verse;  and  as  such  included  in  lir.  Percy's  volume  of 
Blank  Verse  anterior  to  Milton.  Ii  will  be  found  com- 
plete in  the  second  volume  of  Nichols's  Progresses  of 
Queen  Elizabeth. 

Askew,  Anthony,  M.D..  1722-1772,  a  distinguished 
classical  scholiir,  was  educated  at  Scdbnrgh  School,  and 
Emmanuel  Coll.,  Cambridge.  He  studied  medicine  for  a 
year  at  Leyden  ;  after  which  he  still  remained  abroad  lor 
three  years,  and  returned  to  Cambridge  in  1750,  and  com- 
menced practice.  He  published  no  medical  works,  and 
his  easy  fortune  prevented  the  necessity  of  any  effort  to 
retain  Ihe  large  professional  business  which  liis  father, 
Dr.  Adam  Askew,  had  long  enjoycl.  Whilst  abroad,  he 
laid  tJie  foundation  of  his  choice  library  by  the  purchase 
of  many  valuable  books  and  manuscripts.  Amongst 
these  treasures  was  a  complete  collection  of  the  editions 
of  iEschylus,  a  new  edition  of  which  Dr.  Askew  intended 
to  have  given  to  the  world.  Whilst  yet  a  student  at 
Leyden,  he  issued  a  specimen  of  his  intended  edition, 
dedicated  to  Dr.  Richard  Mead :  Nova;  Editiouis  Traga;- 
diiirum  iEschyli  Specimen,  curante  Antonio  Askew,  Ac, 
Lugd.  P.atftv.,  1746.  This  pamphlet  is  now  of  great  rarity. 
Askew  has  been  properly  esteemed  one  of  the  fathers  of 
the  "BiBl.ioMANl.l"  in  England.  He  estimated  his  rare 
books  and  dingy  manuscripts  as  more  precious  than  rubies 
or  fine  golil,  and  was  careful  how  he  permitted  them  to 
pass  from  his  own  hands.  We  have  an  amusing  account 
of  his  displaying  (but  eul  ociilis  only — nmiiibiiaque  was 
too  much  for  a  king  to  ask!)  to  his  visitors  some  of  his 
choicest  volumes,  safely  enshrined  within  glass  cases, 
whilst  the  happy  owner,  perched  upon  his  library  ladder, 
would  read  from  an  "  Editio  princeps,"  or  an  "  E-femplar 
elegans,"  some  scrap  of  philosophic  wisdom  of  the  "elder 
time."  How  could  the  enthusiastic  Askew  ever  resign 
those  d.arliugs  of  his  soul !  But  Death,  who  has  no  re- 
spect for  men's  ''  hobbies,"  and  who  stops  not  to  ask.  when 
he  has  levelled  his  shaft,  whether  his  intended  victim  be 
of  Athens  or  Bceotia,  entered  the  doctor's  retreat  at  Hamp- 
stead  one  day,  and  summoned  him  to  leave  his  books  and 
manuscrii)ts,  the  cherished  acquisition  of  so  many  happy 

years  !     His  collection  went  the  way  of  most  libraries 

through  the  hands  of  the  auctioneer,  into  the  vacant 
niches  or  shelves  which  had  long  waited  for  the  demise  of 
the  owner.  The  Rev.  Mr.  Cr.acherode's  long  purse  swal- 
lowed many  an  "  Exemplar  Askeviaunin."  Dr.  Hunter 
e.\pendeil  ioOU  upon  the  spot,  and  Dr.  Maty  purchased  to 
a  considerable  amount  for  the  British  Museum.  But 
more  than  this!  Even  Royalty  was  a  competitor  in  this 
day's  struggle.  The  King  of  England  was  a  purchaser 
of  £300  worth  of  rare  tomes,  and  his  Majesty  of  France 
and  some  other  foreign  collectors,  .absorbed, "through  the 
agency  of  Dc  Bure,  no  less  than  the  value  of  £1500. 

We  quote  from  our  copy  of  the  Bibliom.\nia  (richly  in- 
terleaved with  original  letters  of  Dr.  Dibdin  and  Richard 
Heber — for  we  ourselves  are  something  of  a  Biblioma- 
niac) the  prices  at  which  a  few  of  the  great  guns  were 
disposed  of. 

"No. tj84.  Boccacio.  ilTeseide.  Ferar.  1475.  Prima Edizione.  £85. 
1576.  Durandi  Rationale.  14o'.t.  In  Memliranis.  £tjl. 
2656.  Platonis  Opera,  apud  Aldum,  2  vols,  fob,  1513.  Edit. 
Pr«n.  On  vellum.  £56  13s.  Od.  Purchased  by  Tr.  Wm.  Hunter. 
The  reader  can  have  no  idea  of  the  beauty  of  these  vellum  leaves. 
The  ink  is  of  the  finest  lustre,  and  the  whole  tvpographical  ar- 
rangement may  be  considered  a  masterpiece  of  printing. 

2S12.  I'linii  Hist.  Natural;  apud  Spir.am,  fob,  1469.  Edit.  Prin- 
ceps. £43  tli-.  Orf.  This  copy  bears  no  kind  of  comparison  with 
the  copy  in  Lord  Spencer's.  Dr.  Hunter's,  and  the  Cracherode  col- 
lections.   These  latter  are  giants  to  it. 


3637.  Terentianus  Maurus  de  Literis,  Syll.abis,  et  Metris  IIo- 
ratii  Jlediol.,  fob,  1497  ;  £12.  12«.  Od.  "  This  is  judged  to  be  the  only 
copy  of  the  edition  in  England,  if  not  in  the  whole  world  Dr 
Askew  could  find  no  copy  in  his  travels  over  Europe,  though  he 
made  earnest  and  particular  sjarch  in  every  library  which  he  had 
an  opportunity  of  cousultiug." 


•  AST 

"  Kare  and  magnificent  as  the  preceding  articles  may  be  consi- 
dered, I  can  confidently  assure  the  reader  that  they  form  a  very 
small  part  of  the  extr-iordinary  books  in  Dr.  .Askew's  librarv. 
Many  a  ten  and  twentj/  h.is  been  omitted— many  a  prince  of  an 
edition  passed  by  unguarded.  [Dibdin  quotes  nineteen  articles.] 
The  articles  were  3670  in  number ;  probably  comprehending  about 
7000  volumes.    They  were  sold  for  £4000." 

Dr.  Askew  was  a  warmly-attached  friend  of  Dr.  Richard 
Mead.     (See  Mead,  Richaiid.)     Of  the  classical  attain- 
ments of  Askew,  Dr.  Parr  speaks  in  high  praise. 
Aspiu,  J.     Educational  Works,  1801-9-13,  etc. 
Aspin,  Wm.     Sermon  on  Euvy,     Eed.  iv.  4,  16S4. 
Aspinall,  James.     The  Crisis,  Liverp.,  1831. 
Aspinwall.     Translated  "Rodoguue,"  1765. 
Aspiuwall, Edward.  A  Preservation  against  Popery, 
Loll..  1715  ;  Arguments  in  proof  of  Christian  Religion,  1731. 
Aspland,    Robert,   17S2-1S45,  a    Dissenter,  b.  at 
Wicken,  county  of  Camljridge,  Eng.     He  was  at  one  time 
a  Churchman,  afterwards  a  Baptist,  and  finally  a  Unita- 
rian.    For  forty  years  he  was  pastor  of  the  Gravel-Pit 
Chapel,  Hackney.     In    1806,  he  established  the  Monthly 
Repository  and  founded  the  Unitarian   Fund  Society ;  in 
1815,  established  the  Christian  Reformer,  a  monthly  maga- 
zine, which  is  contiuued    by  his  son,  the  Rev.  R.  Brook 
Asplaud,  of  Dukiulield.     His  publications  number  about 
fifty.     A  vol.  of  Sermons,  and  several  pamphlets  from  his 
pen,  have  been  edited  by  his  son,  1  vol.  8vo.     See  Memoir 
and  Correspondence,  by  11.  B.  A.,  1850,  8vo;    Appletou's 
New  Amer.  Cyc. 

Asploy,  J.     Work  on  Navigation,  Lon.,  1668. 
Asplin,  Saml.     Sermons,  pub.  1711-15. 
Asplin,Wm.    Upon  AVorship'g  towards  the  East  17''8 
Asser,  d.  010,  Bishop  of  Sherborne,  and  perhaps  "of 
another  see  .antecedently,  has  had  attributed  to  him  seve- 
ral works,  the  princijial  of  which  is  the  Life  of  Alfreil 
(iEIfredi  Regis  Res  Gestte,  pub.  by  Arclibp.  Parker,  1574  •) 
but  see  an   elaborate  argument  by  the  learned  Thom.-is 
Wright  (Biog.  Brit.  Lit.)  against  the  authenticity  of  this 
biography. 

Assheton,  Wm.,  1641-1711,  fellow  of  Erasenose 
College,  Oxf.,  [lub,  a  number  of  theological,  controversial, 
and  moral  works.  Lon.,  1602-1710.  Among  his  principal 
productions  were:  1.  Toleration  Disapproved  and  Con- 
demned by  the  .Authority  tiud  Convincing  Reasons  of,  &c., 
Oxf.,  1670;  2.  The  Cases  of  Scandal  and  Persecution, 
Lon.,  1674  ;  3.  A  Seasonable  Vindication  of  the  Blessed 
Trinity,  [a  compilation  from  Tillotson  and  Stillingfieet,] 
Lon.,  1679;  4.  The  Roy.al  Apology,  or  Au  Answer  to  the 
Rebel's  Plea,  Ac,  2d  ed.,  Lon.,  1085;  5.  The  Country 
Parson's  Admonition  to  his  Parishioners  against  Popery  ; 
6.  Directions  for  the  Conversation  of  the  Clergy,  ffrom 
StiUiugfleet,]  Lon.,  1710.  '' 

"  "The  writer  of  his  life  gives  him  the  hiehest  ch.ararfer  for  pietv, 
probity,  and  inflexible  adherence  to  the  doctrines  and  interests  of 
the  Church  of  England.'' 

Astell,  J.  P.     Liquor  Alcahcst,  or  a  Discourse  of  that 

iinmortiil  disscdvent  of  Paracelsus  and  Helmot,  Lon.,  1675. 

Astell,  Mary,  1668'/-1731,  a  writer  of  considerable 

note  in  her  day, 'pub.  a  number  of  theological  and  miscel. 

works. 

A  Serious  Proposal  to  the  Ladies  for  the  Advancement 
of  their  True  and  Greatest  Interest,  &o. ;  also.  Part  the 
Second  :  wherein  a  method  is  offered  for  the  improvement 
of  their  minds,  Lon.,  1697. 

"  These  books  contributed  not  a  little  towards  awakening  their 
minds,  and  lessening  their  esteem  for  those  trilling  amusements 
which  steal  away  too  much  of  their  time." — Ballard. 

An  Essay  in  Defence  of  the  Female  Sex.  "  A  witty  piece." 
Reflections  on  Marriage,  occasioned,  it  is  said,  by  a  disap- 
pointment she  experienced  in  a  marriage  contract.  1700. 

"  Some  people  think  she  has  caiTied  her  arguments  with  regard 
to  the  birtlirighls  and  jrririlegcs  of  her  sex  a  little  too  far :  and  that 
there  is  too  much  warmth  of  temper  discovered  in  this  treatise." 
But  surely  a  little  asperity  should  be  excused  when  we 
consider  Ihe  circnmslances  !  A  Fair  W.ay  with  Dissenters, 
and  their  Patrons,  1704;  The  Christian  Religion,  as  Prac- 
tised by  a  Daughter  of  the  Church  of  England,  1705; 
Six  Familiar  Essays  upon  Marriage,  Crosses  in  Love,  and 
Friendship,  1706.  Poor  Mary!  still  harping  upon  that 
gny  deceiver!  Barflemy  Fair,  or  an  Inquiry  after  Wit, 
1700;  republished  in  1722,  with  the  words  "  Barflemy 
Fair"  omitted. 

"  She  was  extremely  fond  of  obscurity,  which  she  courted  and 
doated  on  beyond  all  earthly  blessings:"  and  was  as  ambitious  to 
slide  gently  through  the  world,  without  so  much  .as  being  seen  or 
taken  notice  of.  as  others  are  to  Imstle  and  make  a  figure  in  it.  .  .  . 
Notwithstanding  her  great  care  to  conceal  herself  her  name  was 
soon  discovered,  and  made  known  to  several  learned  persrns, 
whose  restless  curiosity  would  otherwise  hardly  have  been  satis- 
fied.'"— Bali.ahd. 

These  remarks  apply  more  particularly  to  the  publica- 


AST 


AST 


tion  of  her  Letters  to  Mr.  John  Norris  concerning  The 
Love  of  God. 

Mrs.  Astell  was  held  in  great  estimation  by  some  of 
the  most  distinguished  persons  of  her  day.  Dr.  John 
■\Valker  calls  her  "  The  most  ingenious  Mrs.  Astell ;"  Henry 
Dodwell  styles  her  "The  admirable  gentlewoman,  Mrs. 
Astell."  Evelyn  acknowledges  the  satisfaction  which  he 
derived  from  her  writings.  But  as  perfection  is  not  for 
man — nor  woman  either,  it  seems — we  must  confess  that 
Bishop  Atterbury  in  writing  to  Dr.  Smalridge  complains 
in  this  wise: 

"  I  happened  about  a  fortnight  ago  to  dine  with  Mrs.  Astell. 
She  spoke  to  me  of  my  sermon,  and  desired  me  to  print  it ;  and 
after  1  had  given  the  proper  answer,  hinted  to  nie  that  she  should 
be  glad  of  perusin:^  it;  I  complyed  with  her,  and  sent  her  the  ser- 
mon next  day.  Yesterday  she  returned  it  with  this  sheet  of  re- 
marks, which  I  cannot  forbear  communicating  to  you,  because  I 
take  'em  to  be  of  an  extraordinary  nature,  considering  they  came 
fjoin  a  woman.  Indeed  one  would  not  imagine  that  a  woman  had 
written  them.  There  is  not  an  expression  that  carries  the  least 
air  of  her  sex  from  the  beginning  to  the  end  of  it.  She  attacks 
me  very  home,  you  see,  and  artfully  enough,  under  a  pretence  of 
taking  "my  part  against  other  divines,  who  are  in  Hoadley's  Mea^ 
euros.  [Probably  it  was  the  sermon  against  Uish<<p  Hoadley's 
Measures  of  Submission.]  Had  she  had  as  much  good  breeding 
as  good  sense,  she  would  be  perfect ;  but  she  has  not  the  most  de- 
cent way  of  insinuating  what  she  means,  but  is  now  and  then  a 
little  offensive  and  shocking  in  her  expressions;  which  I  wonder 
at,  because  a  civil  turn  of  words  is  what  her  sex  is  always  mis- 
tress of.  She,  1  think,  is  wanting  in  it,  [No  doubt  he  thought 
so:  and  pray,  what  controversialist,  "his  soul  in  arms,  and  eager 
for  the  fi-ay,"  ever  thought  a  hostile  criticism  "civil?"  But  the 
good  Bishop  in  the  midst  of  his  chagrin  will  still  be  just;  and 
goes  on  to  say:]  But  her  sensible  and  vatinnal  way  of  writing 
makes  amends  for  that  defect,  if  indeed  [here  the  wounded  author 
gets  uppermost  again]  any  thing  can  make  amends  for  it.  I  dread 
to  engage  her;  [quite  an  admission !]  so  I  only  writ  a  general  civil 
answer  to  her.  and  leave  the  rest  to  an  oral  conference." 

It  is  not  a  little  amusing  that  Mrs.  AstcU's  Christian 
Religion  as  Professed  by  a  Daughter  of  the  Church  of 
England,  was  attributed  to  the  pen  of  the  prelate  who 
thus  winces  under  her  criticism. 

Lord  Stanhope  writes  to  Bishop  Atterbury : 

*'  I  am  informed  this  day  that  you  have  put  out  in  print  a  mighty 
ingenious  pamphlet;  but  that  you  have  been  pleased  to  father  it 
upon  one  Mrs.  Astell,  a  female  friend  and  witty  companion  of  your 
wift^'s." 

Mrs.  Astell  was  a  truly  exemplary  character,  and  devoted 
her  talent  to  the  best  ends,  the  interests  of  true  religion, 
and  the  improvement  of  her  own  sex ;  indeed,  of  all 
capable  of  appreciating  moral  excellence  and  intellectual 
elevation. 

Astle,  Mary.     See  Astell. 

Astle,  Thomas,  1734-1SU3,  an  eminent  antiquary, 
and  Keeper  of  the  Records  in  the  Tower  of  Loudon,  was 
descended  from  the  ancient  family  of  the  Astles,  lords  of 
the  Manor  of  FauUI,  in  Staffordshire.  In  1770  he  was  ap- 
pointed by  the  House  of  Lords  to  superintend  the  printing 
of  the  Ancient  Records  of  Parliament:  succeeding  his 
father-in-law  in  this  duty,  who  had  been  appointed  at  the 
instance  of  Mr.  Astle,  when  consulted  on  this  subject  by 
the  House  of  Lords  in  1766.  The  Records  were  published 
in  six  folio  volumes.  Of  the  Society  of  Antiquaries  he 
was  a  useful  and  distinguished  member,  and  contributed 
several  valuable  papers  to  the  Archaeologia  in  vols,  iv.,  vii., 
X.,  xii.,  and  xiii. ;  and  to  the  Vetusta  Munumenta.  To  the 
Catalogue  of  the  Uarleian  MSS.  he  wrote  a  preface  and 
index.  In  1777  appeared  his  Catalogue  of  the  MSS.  in  the 
Cottonian  Library,  with  a  catalogue  of  the  charters.  Mr. 
Planta's  Cat.  of  MSS.  has  superseded  Astle's,  but  the  lat- 
ter is  still  useful  as  containing  the  only  cat.  of  the  charters 
in  that  library. 

The  Will  of  King  Henry  VIL,  Lon.,  1775.  The  Will 
of  King  Alfred,  Oxon.,  17SS.  Mr.  Astle's  great  work  is, 
The  Origin  and  Progress  of  Writing,  as  well  hieroglyphic 
0  -  elementary  ;  illustrated  by  engravings  taken  from  Mar- 
bles, MSS.,  and  Charters,  Ancient  and  Modern;  also  some 
Account  of  the  Origin  of  Printing,  Lon.,  178-i.  A  second 
and  improved  edition  appeared  in  1803.  To  this  produc- 
tion the  high  praise  has  been  awarded  of  being  '*  the  com- 
pletest  work  on  the  subject  of  Writing  in  this  or  any  other 
language."  In  the  last  chapter  he  labours  to  prove  that 
the  art  of  printing  took  its  origin  from  the  Chinese.  Upon 
this  hydra-headed  theme  we  have  no  space  here  to  enter. 
Wc  shall  have  to  meet  it  somewhere,  we  presume,  before 
we  finish  our  volume.  Apropos,  we  take  it  very  ill  of  Mr. 
Brunet  that  he  condescends  not  to  favour  Astle's  great 
work  with  a  single  bibliographical  comment.  He  can  ex- 
pend a  column  upon  Bodoni,  {who  deserves  honourable 
mention,)  but  not  a  line  for  Astle.  He  should  remember 
"  the  swashing  blow"  of  good  Master  Bibdin,  when  the 
hero  of  Dijon  "  bit  the  dust,"  and  Lesno  and  Lic-(iuet  *'  fled 
the  field"  discomfited.     Let  M.  Brunet  (one  of   the  first 


of  living  bibliographers)  profit  by  their  example,  lest  he 
provoke  a  second  i'rajjeUt  war  I  His  silence  is  the  more 
inexcusable  alter  the  glowing  eulogy  of  Peignot,  who  in 
his  Essai  gur  I'Histoire  du  Parcheinin  et  du.A'elin  calls 
Astle's  book  "  le  plus  ample  et  le  plus  savant  sur  Thistoire 
de  la  calligraphie." 

"  The  general  character  that  we  have  to  give  of  Mr.  Astle's  book 
is,  that  the  author's  reflections  are  all  very  ingenious,  most  of  them 
just,  and  the  engraved  specimens  properly  chosen  fcjr  the  enter- 
tiiinmeut  of  curious  readers,  and  for  the  information  ot  nitu  of 
business.  But  weare  far  from  being  satisfied  A\ith  hisspeculatlrns 
on  language,  and  the  origin  of  writing." — Lmi.  Mf'nlhJy  Jifvtar  lor 
October,  17b4:  see  this  whole  article,  which  has  been  highly  com- 
mended.    It  is  in  opposition  to  some  of  Astle's  views. 

■'This  work,  it  is  needless  to  add,  will  fully  establish  Mr.  Astle's 
literary  fame,  and  will  transmit  bis  name  with  lustre  lo  posterity, 
together  with  those  of  his  fellow-labourers.  Mr.  Harris  and  Ltird 
Monboddo." — Lon.  Gent.  Mog.  for  17S4:  see  Home's  Introd.  to  the 
Study  of  Bibliography,  vol.  i.  p.  72. 

Astle's  remarks  upon  the  character  and  reign  of  Henry 
VIL  have  been  highly  praised. 

"His  learning,  which  is  ■\arious,  cannot  escape  observation;  and 
his  authorities  in  general  are  the  best  that  could  be  found.  His 
judgment,  precision,  and  minuteness,  are  all  to  be  hij.hly  tcm- 
mended.  There  is  even  a  considerable  spirit  of  philanthropy  in 
his  work;  and  in  so  far  he  advances  beyond  the  character  ot  a  mere 
antiquary.  He  displays  not,  however,  any  splendour  or  brightness 
of  genius.  He  is  simple  and  judicious,  but  not  original." — A'tty 
CuUihiyve  of  Englisli  Living  Authors. 

We  subjoin  an  interesting  letter  from  Dr.  Johnson  to  our 
author:  "^  July    17,1781. 

"  Sib, — I  am  ashamed  that  you  have  been  forced  to  call  so  often 
for  your  books,  but  it  has  been  by  no  fault  on  either  side.  Ibey 
have  never  been  nut  of  my  hands,  nor  have  I  ever  been  ;it  Imnie 
without  seeing  you;  for  to  see  a  man  so  skilful  in  the  aiitii;uilics 
of  my  country  is  an  opportunity  of  improvement  not  willingly  to 
be  missed. 

"  Your  notes  on  .\lfred  appear  to  me  very  judicious  and  accurate, 
but  they  are  too  few.  Many  things  familiar  to  you  are  unkiiown 
to  me  and  to  most  others ;  and  you  must  not  think  too  fcivourably 
of  your  readers:  by  supposing  them  kuowing.you  will  leave  them 
ignorant.  Measure  of  land,  and  value  of  money,  it  is  of  great  im- 
portance to  state  with  care.     Had  the  Saxons  any  gold  ccin? 

"I  have  much  curiosity  after  the  manners  and  transactions  of 
the  Middle  Ages,  but  have  wanted  either  diligence  or  opportunity, 
or  both.  fThen.  good  Doctor!  why  attempt  to  edit  fhakspeareV] 
You.  sir,  have  great  opportunities,  and  I  wish  you  both  diligence 
and  success.  1  am,  sir,  &c., 

"Sam.  Johnson." 

Astley,  F.  F.     Hints  to  Planters.  Lon.,  1S07. 

Astley,  John,  Master  of  the  Jewel  House,  and  Gen- 
tleman of  Queen  Elizabeth's  Privy  Chamber,  was  nut  only 
a  great  equestrian  himself,  but  much  concerned  to  improve 
the  bad  riding  which  he  was  pained  to  see  around  him, 
when  taking  the  air  for  his  health  or  amusement.  The 
Art  of  Fvidiug  was  especially  worthy  of  cultivation  in  the 
reign  of  a  queen  so  fond  of  getting  up  parties  of  pleasure 
to  the  castles  of  her  rich  subjects,  that  the  worthy  anti- 
quary, Johu  Nichols,  had  materials  enough  to  make  up 
three  quarto  volumes  of  The  Progresses  of  Queen  Elizabeth, 
a  work  so  highly  esteemed  that  copies  have  been  repeatedly 
sold  by  public  auction  for  upwards  of  £40,  In  such  ex- 
cursions as  that  to  Kenilworth  Castle,  so  glowingly  de- 
scribed by  Master  Lanebam.  where  on  the  road  *■  after 
great  cheer  at  dinner,  there  was  plensaut  pastime  in  hunt- 
ing by  the  way  after,"  wo  to  the  knight  who  knew  not 
how  to  "  sit  his  hor.se  aright."  The  queen  set  an  example 
of  the  use  of  the  saddle  to  her  "  loving  subjects,"  for  Lane- 
ham  tells  us — ••  So  passing  into  the  inner  court,  her  ma- 
jesty (that  never  rides  but  alone)  there  set  down  from 
her  palfrey,  was  conveyed  up  to  her  .chamber." 

But  to  return  to  Master  Astley.  In  1 584,  his  zeal  for  good 
horsemanship  induced  him  to  put  forth  a  work  entitled 

The  Art  of  Hiding  set  foorth,  in  a  Breefe  Treatise,  with  a  due 
Interpretation  of  certaine  Places,  alledged  out  of  Xenophon  and 
Gryson,  very  expert  and  excellent  Horsemen:  wherein  also  the 
true  A'.'ie  of  the  Hand,  by  the  said  Gryson's  Rules  and  Precepts,  is 
speciallie  touched:  and  how  the  Author  of  this  present  Worke 
hath  put  the  same  in  Practise;  also,  what  Profit  men  may  reape 
thereby;  without  the  knowledge  whereof,  all  the  residue  of  the 
Art  of  Biding  is  but  vaine.  Lastlie.  is  addtd  a  short  Hiscouise  of 
the  Chaine  of  Cauezzan,  The  Trench  and  the  Mai-tingale;  Lon., 
1584,  4to. 

In  the  same  year,  not  unwilling  to  call  in  the  aid  of  u 
foreigner  in  the  reformation  of  bad  riding,  he  published 

The  Art  of  Biding,  conteining  diverse  necessarie  Instructions, 
Demonstrations,  Helps,  and  Corrections,  apperteining  to  Horse- 
manship, not  heretofore  expressed  by  anie  other  Author;  written 
at  large  in  the  Italian  Toong.  by  Maister  Claudio  Corte,  a  man 
most  excellent  in  this  Art.  Here  brietlie  reduced  into  certaine 
English  Discourses  to  the  benefit  of  Gentlemen  desirous  of  such 
knowledge,  Lon.,  15^4. 

Astley,  Jos.  On  the  Doctrine  of  Heat;  Nic.  Jour.  v. 
23,  1801. 

Astley,  Philip,  1742-1814.  Remarks  on  the  Duty 
and  Profession  of  a  Soldier,  1794.    A  Description  and  His- 

77 


AST 


ATH 


torieal  Account  of  the  places  near  the  theatre  of  war  in  the 
Low  Countries,  1794.  System  of  Equestrian  Education, 
ISOl. 

Astley,  Thos.  Collection  of  Voyages  and  Travels. 
The  first  numher  appeared  in  Dec.,  17-i4,  and  the  last  in 
17J:7.     The  author  was  Mr.  John  Green. 

Aston,  Anthony,  This  "gentleman,  lawyer,  poet, 
actor,  soldier,  sailor,  exciseman,  and  publican,"  (we  quote 
his  own  words,)  was  the  author  of  Love  in  a  Hurry,  1709  ; 
Pastora.  1712;  The  Fool's  Opera,  1731 — (with  account 
of  his  Ufe  appended.)  In  174:1  he  pub.  A  Brief  Supple- 
ment to  CoUey  Cibber,  Esq.,  his  Lives  of  the  late  famous 
Actors  and  Actresses,  by  Tony  Aston:  "which  contains 
some  information  not  preserved  elsewhere." 

Aston,  Ed.     Manners,  Laws,  and  Customs  of  all  Na- 
tions, translated  from  the  Latin  of  John  Bosnus.  Lon.,  1611. 
Aston,  J.     Lancashire  Gazetteer.  &c.,  1S08. 
Aston,  H.  H.     A  Sermon  on  Heb.  xiii.  16,  1745. 
Aston  or  Ashton,  R.     Placita  Latinse  Redivivae ;  a 
Book   of  Entries  of  Approved  Precedents  of  Courts,  tfec, 
3d  ed.,  1661 ;  again  reprinted,  1673. 

*■  The  swarms  of  books  of  precedents  of  various  kinds  in  modern 
times,  obviate  the  necessity  of  referenr^  to  Aston,  written  in 
crabl)ed.  abridi^cd  Latin,  with  its  marginal  notes  in  Law  French." 
— Miri'hi^s  L'fjtl  Bibh 

Aston,  Sir  Thos,,  d.  1645,  "a brave  and  loyal  gentle- 
man" attached  to  the  cause  of  Charles  L,  and  killed  in  the 
act  of  making  his  escape  from  prison,  wrote  :  1.  A  Remon- 
strance against  Presbytery,  Lon.,  1641.    2.  A  Short  Survey 
of  the  Prcsbyt.  Discipline,  and  a  Brief  Review  of  the  In- 
stitutions. <4c.  of  Bishops.     3.  A  Collection  of  Petitions  to 
the  King  and  Parliament,  1642. 
Aston,  Thos.     Sermons,  pub.  1658-91. 
Aston,  \V.  H.     Select  Psalms  in  Verse,  Lon.,  ISll. 
Aston,  Sir  Walter,  deserves  mention  as  the  patron 
of  Drayton,  who  dedicated  to  him  one  of  his  England's 
Heroical  Epistles,  and  in  his    Polyolbiou  thus    acknow- 
ledges his  patron's  favours. 

'•Trent,  by  Tixall  graced,  the  Astons'  ancient  seat, 

Which  oft  thy  Aluse  hath  found  ht-r  safe  and  sweet  retreat." 
Astrey  or  Astry,  Sir  Jas.     General  Charges  to  all 
Grand  Juries,  and  other  Juries,  Ac,  Lon.,  1703. 
Astry,  Francis.     Sermons,  pub.  Li.n.,  1716-33. 
Astry,  T.     Case  of  a  Young  Man  struck  Dumb,  Lon., 
1671. 

Atcheson,  Nath,  Report  of  the  Case  of  Hevelock 
t'.  Rookwood,  to  the  K.  B.,  &c.,  Lon.,  1800.  Case  of 
Fisher  v.  Ward,  Lon.,  1803.  American  Encroachments, 
Lon..  1805.  Collection  of  Reports,  Ac,  relative  to  the 
Trade  of  Great  Britain,  Ireland,  and  the  Brit  Colonies  in 
the  W.  Indies  and  America,  Lon.,  1807. 

Atchison,  Robt.  Obs.  on  Dysentery.  Med.  Com.,  1785. 
Athelard  of  Bath,  flourished  lUO-1 120,  is  the  great- 
est name  in  Engli.sh  science  before  Robert  Grosscti'te  and 
Roger  Bacon.  His  name  would  lead  us  to  believe  that  ho 
was  of  Saxon  blood.  He  was  born  probably  in  the  latter 
part  of  the  eleventh  century,  and  first  quitted  England  to 
study  in  the  schools  of  Tours  and  Laon.  In  the  latter 
place  he  opened  a  school,  and  had,  among  other  disciples 
his  nephew,  to  whom  he  appears  to  have  been  affection- 
ately attached.  But  Athclard's  love  of  knowledge  was 
unsatistiod  with  the  state  of  science  in  France,  and  he  left 
his  .school,  and  crossed  the  Alps  to  Salerno,  from  whence  ho 
proceeded  to  Greece  and  Asia  Minor,  and  it  is  very  pro- 
bable that  he  went  to  study  among  the  Arabs  in  the  East. 
Bagdad  and  Egypt  were  then  the  seats  of  Arabian  learn- 
ing. On  his  arrival  in  his  native  country,  aft«r  an  absence 
of  seven  years,  the  throne,  he  tells  us,  was  occupied  by 
Henry  I.;  and  one  of  the  first  books  he  published  after 
his  arrival,  being  dedicated  to  William,  Bishop  of  Syracuse, 
must  have  been  written  before  1116,  the  date  of  that  pre- 
late's death.  The  manner  in  which  Athelard  speaks  of 
the  reception  of  the  Arabian  sciences,  seems  to  show  that 
they  were  then  quite  new  among  the  Christians  of  the 
West,  and  to  contradict  the  opinion  founded  on  a  legencl 
preserved  by  William  of  Malmsbury^  that  they  had  been 
introduced  long  before  by  Gerbert.  We  know  nothing 
more  of  Athclard's  personal  history.  His  celebrity  was 
great  in  after  times ;  and  in  the  thirteenth  century  Vincent 
of  Beauvais  gives  him  the  title  of  PhiloHophuB  Aiirffumm. 
Athclard's  writings  appear  to  have  enjoyed  a  great  po- 
pularity. Wc  may  divide  them  into  two  classes — original 
works,  and  translations  from  the  Arabic.  Among  the 
former  are,  1.  The  treatise  De  co<lem  et  diverso,  already 
mentioned,  of  which  the  only  copy  known  to  e.\ist  is  pro- 
served  in  a  mjinuscript  in  the  Bibliothcque  Royalc  at 
Paris.  It  is  written  in  the  form  of  a  letter  to  his  nephew, 
and  dedicated  to  William,  Bishop  of  Syracuse.     2.  Tan- 


ner mentions  a  tract  with  the  somewhat  similar  title  of 
De  sic  et  non  sic,  which  he  says  commenced  with  the 
words  Meministi  ex  quo  incepimus.  3.  The  Quajstiones 
Naturales,  of  which  there  are  many  manuscripts  existing 
under  a  great  variety  of  titles.  This  treatise  was  printed 
apparently  as  early  as  the -fifteenth  century.  It  is  written 
in  the  form  of  a  dialogue  between  Athelard  and  his  ne- 
phew, and  is  dedicated  to  Richard,  Bishop  of  Bayeux, 
(1108-1133.)  In  this  tract  Athelard  gives  his  opinion  on 
various  physical  questions  concerning  animals,  man,  and 
the  elements.  At  the  conclusion  he  promises  a  treatise  on 
higher  philosophical  subjects,  De  initio  de  initiis.  4.  Re- 
guhe  Abaci.  This  tract,  on  a  subject  which  since  the  time 
of  Gerbert  had  employed  the  pens  of  a  multitude  of  ma- 
thematicians, was  perhaps  one  of  Athclard's  earliest  writ- 
ings. It  is  preserved  in  a  MS.  of  the  library  of  Leyden, 
where  it  is  preceded  by  a  short  preface  containing  Athe- 
lard's  name,  and  without  the  preface  or  name,  in  a  manu- 
script in  the  Bibliotheque  Royalc  at  Paris.  5.  A  treatise 
on  the  Astrolabe,  evidently  taken  from  Arabian  writers. 
A  copy  is  preserved  in  the  British  Museum.  Leland,  who 
sometimes  speaks  rather  extravagantly  of  the  style  of  the 
mediaeval  writers,  calls  this  "  libcllum  argntum.  numero- 
sura,  rotundum."  It  is  certainly  the  one  of  Athelard'8 
works  which  least  merits  that  character.  6.  Problemata. 
Leland  mentions  a  work  of  Athclard's  under  this  title, 
which  he  had  seen  in  the  library  of  (he  Franciscans  at 
London,  but  which  had  afterwards  disappeared.  7.  De 
septem  artibus  liberalibus.  Tanner,  on  the  authority  of 
Boston  of  Bury,  mentions  a  work  of  Athelard's  bearing 
this  title,  written  partly  in  prose  and  partly  in  verse,  and 
commencing  with  the  words  Sa?pernumero  estaphilosophis. 
8.  A  treatise  on  the  Compotns,  mentioned  by  Tanner  as 
having  formerly  been  in  the  library  of  the  Earl  of  Stam- 
ford. 9.  Tanner  states  that  a  tr.ict  is  indicated  in  the  old 
table  of  contents  of  a  manuscript  in  the  King's  Library, 
under  the  title  Liber  magistri  Adelardi  Bathoniensis  qui 
dicitnr  Mappa3  clavicula,  but  the  tract  itself  had  been 
torn  out. 

The  most  important  of  Athelard's  translations  from  the 
Arabic  was:  1.  The  Elements  of  Euclid.  This  became 
the  text-book  of  all  succeeding  mathematicians.  The 
manuscripts  of  Athelard's  Euclid  are  numerous.  It  was 
afterwards  published  with  a  commentary  under  the  name 
of  Campanus.  and  printed  at  Venice  as  early  as  1482. 
Mr.  Halliwell  has  mentioned  some  reasons  for  believing 
that  the  commentary  also  was  in  reality  the  work  of  Athe- 
lard. Dr.  Dee  possessed  a  manuscript  which  contained 
translations  of  Euclid's  Optics  and  Catoptrics  under  the 
name  of  Athelard.  Athelard  also  translated,  2.  The  Isa- 
goge  minor  Jafaris  mathematici  in  Astronomiam.  There 
is  a  copy  of  this  work  in  the  Bodleian  library.  3.  Ezich 
Elkauresmi,  hoc  est,  tabula?  Chawaresmicae  ex  Arabico 
traducta?.  A  translation  of  the  Kharismian  tables.  There 
is  a  copy  of  this  also  in  the  Bodleian  library.  Leland 
mentions  a  work  translated  from  the  Arabic  by  Athelard, 
under  the  title  Erith  Eleharetmi,  which  Bale  and  Boston 
of  Bury  give,  more  correctly,  Ezich -Jafarim  or  Ezich-Jafa- 
ris :  it  apjjcnrs  to  be  a  corruption  of  Zydj  Djafar,  and  was 
]n-(d)alily  imly  another  name  for  the  Kharismian  tables. 
4.  The  PriKstigia  astronomica  Thebedis,  which  formerly 
existed  in  a  manuscript  of  the  library  of  Avranches.  Per- 
haps some  other  tracts  of  Athelard  exist  in  manuscripts  as 
yet  unexamined,  or  pass  as  anonymous  treatises.  M.  Jour- 
dain  was  inclined  to  attribute  to  him  a  piece  entitled  Liber 
imbrium  secundum  Indos,  preserved  in  the  Bibliothcque 
Royale  at  Paris. 

Editinnx. — Seijuitur  tabtda  istius  libelli.  .  .  .  Tncipit  prolojnis 
Adelardi  Bathoniensis  in  suas  qnestiones  naturales  perdiffioiles. 
At  the  end.  Expliciunt  questiones  naturales  Adelardi  Bachouien- 
sis.  L.1US  deo  et  virtjini.  Amen*.  Qui  petit  occultas  rerum  agnns- 
cere  c.iusas  IVte  videat.  (juia  sum  l.-evis  explanatnr  earum,  4to.  with- 
out other  title,  or  the  name  of  place  or  date,  but  piiiiti-d  in  an 
early-shaped  Gothic  type.  There  are  two  dilTcn'Of  t-rljtions  an- 
sweriuj;  to  this  description,  the  one  evidently  .a  reprint  nf  the  other. 
They  are  both  in  the  British  Museum. — Martene  and  Burand, 
Thesaurus  novus  Anecdotorum.  Tomus  i.  Lutet.  Paris.  1717,  fol. 
cnl.  '201.  The  preface  to  the  Naturales  Qua-stiones. — Jourdain, 
Recherches  Critiiiucs  sur  1'  afje  et  1"  ori;^iue  des  Traductions  Latines 
d'  Aristote.  Paris,  ISKi.  8to,  pp.  49'1— 197.  The  dedication  and  com- 
mencement of  Athelard's  treatise  De  eodem  et  diverso. — AbhreviaUd 
from  M'liffht!^  Bipp.  Brit.  Lit. 

Atherlcy,  E.  G.  A  Treatise  on  the  Law  of  Mar- 
riage and  other  Family  Settlements,  Lon.,  1813. 

"  An  able  and  exi'client  treatise." — Chancellor  Kent. 

Atherstoiie,  Edwin,  a  poet  of  uncommon  merit, 
author  of  the  Last  Days  of  Herculaneum ;  and  Abradates 
and  Panthca,  Lon.,  1821.  These  poems  have  been  praised 
by  high  authority  for 

"Power  and  vigour,  splendid  diction,  and  truly  poetic  feeling. 


ATH 


ATK 


.  .  .  The  style  often  resombles  Thomson's,  and  in  some  places  we 
might  instance  imitations  of  that  poet,  as  well  as  of  Akenside." — 
Jjondim  Literary  diizctte. 

The  Fall  ot"  Nineveh  ;  a  Poem. 

"The  fall  of  the  Assyrian  Empire  is  a  subject  worthy  of  the 
historical  epic;  and  Mr.  Atherstoue  has  genius  to  insure  its  treats 
ment  in  a  grand  and  striking  m;inuer." 

Sea  Kings  in  England,  a  Romance,  3  vols. 

Atherton.     Christian  Physiean,  Lon.,  1683. 

Atherton,  \V,  An  Elementary  and  Practical  Trea- 
tise  on    the    Commencement   of    Personal   Actions,    &c., 

Lon.,  1833. 

"This  is  a  very  useful  guide  on  the  commencement  of  personal 
actions.  The  work  is  well  executed,  and  the  authentic  and  prac- 
tical forms  dili-entlv  collected."— J/((n'(n's  Legal  Bihl. 

Atkeiis,  John.     Surgical  Works,  Lon..  1723-58. 

Atkey,  A.     A  Sermon  on  Jer.  xii.  1,  1732. 

Atkins.     Essay  on  Spirituous  Liquors,  Lon.,  1803. 

Atkins,  H.     On  the  Trinity  Bill,  1S13. 

Atkins,  J.  The  Ascension;  a  Poem,  Lon.,  1780. 
Treatij'c  on  llic  Ilnrizuntal  Sun  and  Moon,  Lou.,  1793. 

Atkins,  John.     Sermon  on  Heb.  xii.  1-1  (t,  Lon.,  1624. 

Atkins,  John.     A  MeteoroL  Journal  for  1782. 

Atkins,  John.  Relation  of  a  Voyage  to  Guiana, 
Brazil,  and  the  W.  Indies,  Lon.,  1737. 

'•  This  volume,  which  chiefly  consists  of  the  personal  adventures 
of  thf  author,  will,  however,  afford  some  insight  into  the  manners 
and  habits  of  the  people."— Lowndes. 

Atkins,  Robt.  Six  Sermons  on  the  Sin  and  Danger 
of  Popery,  1712.     A  Farewell  Sermon,  1715. 

Atkins,  llobt.  A  Comp.  History  of  the  Israelites, 
Lon..  1810. 

Atkins,  Saml.     Sermon  on  Ps.  xxvii.  13,  1703. 

Atkins,  VVni.     A  Discourse  on  the  Gout,  Lon.,  1694. 

Atkinson  and  Clarke.     Naval  Pocket  Gunner,  1814. 

Atkinson.  Med.  Contrib.  to  Pbil.  Trans.,  1722-25. 

Atkinson,  B.  A.     Sermons,  pub.  1734-37. 

Atkinson,  Chris.    Theolog.  Treatises.  Lon..  1653-54. 

Atkinson,  Chris.     Address  to  the  Public,  1783. 

Atkinson,  Heo,  A  Practical  Treatise  on  Sheriff 
Law,  Lon.,  1S39. 

"  This  book  is  said  to  be  an  unequal  performance,  some  parts  of 
it  bein^  written  very  carefully,  and  others  very  carelessly.  It  has 
the  reputation,  however,  upon  the  whole,  of  being  a  useful  and 
cunvriiitut  biuik." — Ma)-vi7i's  Leg.  Bibl. 

Treatise  nil  the  Shipping  Laws  of  the  British  Empire,  8vo. 

Atkinson,  Henry,  Sermons,  Doctrinal  and  Practi- 
cal, Lon.,  1S22. 

Atkinson,  Henry.  1786?-1831,  a  mathematician, 
contributed  to  the  Ladies'  and  Gentlemen's  Diaries,  the 
Royal  Astron.  Society's  Transactions,  (vol.  ii.,)  and  was 
mathematieal  editor  of  the  Newcastle  Magazine. 

Atkinson,  Jas.  Rodolphus;  a  Poet.  Romance, 
Edin.,  1701. 

Atkinson,  Jas.  The  Necessity  of  Preaching  the 
Gospel  in  Gospel  Language,  Newc.-upon-Tyne,  1729. 

Atkinson,  Jas.  Account  of  the  State  of  Agricul- 
ture and  Grazing  in  New  South  Wales.  Lon.,  1827. 

Atkinson,  Jas.     Med.  Bibliography,  vol.  i.  royal  8vo. 

"  \Ve  have  never  encountered  so  singular  and  remarkable  a 
book.  It  unites  the  German  research  of  a  Plouquet  with  the  rav- 
ings of  IJabelais, — the  humour  of  Sterne  with  the  satire  of  Demo- 
critus. — the  learning  of  Burton  with  the  wit  of  I'indar." — Dr. 
Johnson's  Jieview. 

"  In  Mr.  Atkinson,  I  have  found  a  gentleman,  and  a  man  of 
varied  talent,  ardent  and  active,  and  of  the  most  overflowing 
goodness  of  heart.  In  his  retirement  from  an  honourable  profes- 
sion, (Medicine  and  Surgery,)  he  knows  not  what  the  slij^htest 
approximation  to  ennui  is.  The  heartiest  of  all  the  octogenarians 
I  ever  saw,  he  scorns  a  stretch,  and  abhors  a  gape.  It  is  '  up  and 
be  doiug'  with  him  from  sunrise  to  sunset.  His  library  is  sufib- 
cated  with  Koburgers.  Frobens,  the  Ascensii,  and  the  Stephens." 
— Dibtfin's  northern  Tour. 

Atkinson,  Jasper.  A  Letter  rel.  to  the  Bullion 
Coin,  Lon.,  ISll. 

'■  Mr.  Atkinson  seems  adequately  impressed  with  a  sense  of  the 
evils  of  war.'' — Lon.  Monthly  Review. 

Atkinson,  John.     Tariflf  at  Elsingoer.  Glasg..  1770. 

Atkinson,  John.  The  Holy  Scriptures  the  Word  of 
God.     Two  sermons,  Ileb.  i.  1,  2.  Lon.,  1731. 

Atkinson,  John.  Compendium  of  the  Ornithology 
of  Great  Britain,  Lon.,  1820. 

"  As  a  neat  and  commodious  test-book,  we  would  recommend 
this  unpretending,  but  respectable,  volume  to  all  who  are  desirous 
of  entering  on  the  study  of  British  Ornithology." — Lon.  Montldij 
Jtevietv. 

Atkinson,  John  Augustus,  and  Jas.  Walker. 
A  Picturesque  Representation  of  the  Manners  of  the 
Russians,  Lon.,  1803-05,  or  1812,  pub.  at  £15  I5«.,  3  vols, 
imp.  fol.  Pic.  Rep.  Costumes  of  Great  Britain,  1807,  pub. 
at  £15  15*.,  3  vols,  folio. 

Atkinson,  M,  The  Necessity  of  National  Reforma- 
tion;  a  Sermon  on  2  Chrou.  xii.  7,  1779. 


Atkinson,  S.  1.  Practical  Points  in  Conveyancing, 
from  the  MSS.  of  Butler,  Preston,  and  Bradley,  Lon., 
1829.  2.  Common  Forms  and  Precedents  in  Conveyanc- 
ing, Ac,  Lon.,  1829.  3.  Acts  relating  to  the  Law  of  Real 
Property  passed  in  the  3  and  4  W.  IV.  Ac.  Lon.,  1833. 
4.  Sir  E.  B.  Sugdeu's  Acts,  Lon.,  1830.  5.  The  Convey- 
ancer's Manual,  Lon.,  1830.  6.  Essay  on  Marketable 
Titles,  &c.,  Lon.,  1833.  7.  The  Theory  and  Practice  of 
Conveyancing,  comprising  the  Law  of  Real  Property,  2d 
ed.,  2  vols.  8vo,  Lon.,  1841. 

"  This  is  an  excellent  work,  evincinf;  considerable  industry  and 
learning  in  the  author,  and  is  written  in  a  perspicuous  and  logical 
style." 

8.  Practice  of  the  Court  of  Chancery,  Lon.,  1842. 
"  This  is  a  brief,  convenient,  and   useful,  practical  work."^ 
Marvin. 

"  We  must  not  deny  Mr.  Atkinson  the  credit  of  having  brought 
together  muth  of  the  learning,  and  many  useful  observations,  ap- 
plicable to  the  subieot  he  has  treated  of"     See  No.  6. 

Atkinson,  thos.,  d.  1639,  of  St.  John's  Coll.,  Oxf.  ^ 
"  I  have  seen  of  his  compositions  as  Andrei  Melvini  Auti-Tami 
cunicategoria.  written   in   Sapphics,  and   Melviuus  delirans,  in 
Iambics." — Wood. 

'*  To  which  may  be  added  that  there  is  in  the  Harleian  Library 
of  Manuscripts,  in  the  British  Museum,  a  Latin  tragedy  by  this 
author,  entitled  Homo,  which  is  dedicated  to  Laud,  then  the  Pre- 
sident of  St.  .John's  College,  afterwards  .Archbishop  of  Canterbury. 
The  MSS.  is  numbered  6925." — Rose's  Biog.  Diet. 

Atkinson,  Thos.     Poet,  and  other  works,  1791-99. 
Atkinson,  Thomas  Witlain.    1.  Gothic  Ornaments 
of  KngUsh  Cathedrals,   Lon.,    imj).  4to.     2,  Oriental   and 
Western  Siberia,  Lou.,  1857,  r.  Svo ;    N.  York,  1858,  8vo. 
Highly  commended  by  the   Lon.  Athenaeum,  1S57,  1477, 
Lon.  Examiner,  and  other  o.uthorities. 
Atkinson,  Wni.     Poetical  Essays,  Lon.,  1789, 
Atkinson,  Wm,  Picturesque  Views  of  Cottages,  180Ji 
Atkyns,  or  Atkins,  John,  pub.  An  Account  of  a 
Voyage  in  a  Cruise  against  African  Pirates,  and  his  Tra- 
vels, Lon.,  1735. 

Atkyns,  John  Tracy.  Reports  of  Cases  argued 
and  determined  in  the  High  Court  of  Chancery  in  the 
time  of  Lord  llardwicke,  from  1737  to  1754.  3d  ed.,  re- 
vised and  corrected  with  notes  and  references  by  F.  W. 
Saunders. 

"  Lord  Ilardwicke's  decisions  at  this  day,  and  in  our  own  courts, 
do  undoubtedly  carry  with  them  a  more  commanding  weight  of 
authority  than  those  of  any  other  judge:  and  the  best  editions 
of  the  elder  Vesey  and  Atkyns  will  continue  to  fix  the  attention 
and  study  of  succeeding  ages." 

For  an  extended  examination,  of  the  imputed  merits 
and  demerits  of  these  reports,  concerning  whicli  there  has 
been  such  a  variety  of  opinion,  see  that  useful  work, 
Marvin's  Legal  Bibliography. 

Mr.  Saunders,the editor  of  the  3d  edition,  remarks: 
"  The  editor  must  take  this  opportunity,  however,  of  observing 
that  he  has  frequently  experienced  his  researches  in  the  Register's 
Books  anticipated  in  the  previous  labours  of  Mr.  Atkyns." 

Atkyns,  Richard,  1615?-1677,  of  Baliol  Coll.,  Oxf., 
pub.  a  work  on  the  Original  and  Growth  of  Printing  in 
England,  collected  out  of  History  and  the  Records  of  this 
Kingdom ;  wherein  is  also  demonstrated,  that  printing 
appertaineth  to  the  prerogative  royal,  and  is  a  flower  of 
the  crown  of  England,  Lon.,  1664. 

The  object  of  this  work  was  to  give  the  right  and  title 
of  printing  to  the  Crown,  and  by  that  means  to  ascertain 
the  validity  of  the  patents  which  had  been  granted  by  the 
Crown.  Atkyns  endeavours  to  rob  Caxton  of  the  credit 
j  of  having  introduced  printing  into  England,  which  ho 
ascribes  to  Frederick  Corsellis.  Atkyns  was  an  interested 
disputant,  being  a  patentee  under  the  Crown  for  printing, 
and  at  issue  with  the  Sta.tiouers'  Company  on  this  point. 
We  have  no  space  for  a  review  of  Atkyns's  argument, 
or  rather  assumptiim  ;  and  we  regret  this  the  less  a^  I)r. 
Middleton  and  others  have  settled  the  question  in  favour 
of  Caxton. 

"  Atkyns,  who,  by  his  manner  of  writing,  seems  to  have  been 
a  bold  and  vain  man,  might  possibly  be  the  inventor:  for  he  had 
an  interest  in  imposing  upon  the  world." — Dl!.  Middleto?). 

But  charity  forbids  our  entertaining  this  suspicion. 
Wood  gives  him  a  good  character  : 

"He  was  an  ingenious  and  observing  man,  and  .saw  the  vanity 
of  this  world  sooner  than  others,  though  of  elder  years,  which 
fitted  him  the  better  for  another." 

H<^  also  pub.  A  Vindication,  «fec.,  to  which  is  added  his 
Sighs  and  Ejaculations,  1669. 

Atkyns,  Sir  Robt.,  1621-1709,  Lord  Chief  Baron  of 
the  Exchequer  tfmjj.  William  III.,  was  the  son  of  Sir  Ed- 
ward Atkyns,  a  baron  of  the  Exchequer.  For  nearly  200 
years  there  was  always  one  of  this  family  filling  a  judicial 
j-tatiiin  in  the  kingdom.  He  was  sent  to  Baliol  Coll.  Oxf. ; 
from  thcnre  removed  to  Lincoln's  Inn,  and  "applied  him- 
self \QYy  closely  to  the  study  of  the  law."    He  was  knighted 


ATK 


ATT 


in  1661,  and  1672  sworn  a  judge  of  the  Court  of  Common  ] 
Pleas.     In  April,  i6.s9,  he  was  appointed  by  AVilliani  III. 
Chief  Baron  of  the  Excbeiiuer.  and  on  the  I'.Uh  Oct.  in 
the  same  year  was  made  speaker  of  the  Honse  of  Lords, 
from  which  post  he  retired  in  1692.     Two  years  later  he 
resigned  his  seat  in  the  Kxchequer,  and  spent  the  remain- 
ing fifteen  years  of  his  life  in  retirement,  at  his  seat  at 
Sapperton,  in  (Gloucestershire.     His  principal  works  were 
An   Inquiry  into  the    Power   of  Dispensing  with    Penal 
Laws,  Lon.,  1689;  The  Power  of  Jurisdiction  and  Privi- 
lege of  Parliament,  and  the  Antiquity  of  the  House  of 
Commons  Assured,   Lon.,   16S9  ;    The   True  and  Ancient 
Jurisdiction  of  the  House  of  Peers,  Lon.,  1699  ;  Enquiry  , 
into  the  Jurisdiction  of  the  Chancery,  in  Causes  of  Equity, 
Lon.,  1695.     He  pub.  two  pamphlets  in  defence  of  Lord  | 
Russel's  innocency,  1689.     When  applied  to  for  his  advice 
in  the  case  of  Lord  William  Kussel,  he  freely  gave  it,  and 
pronounced  the  following  memorable  dechiration,  for  which  , 
he  is  entitled  to  the  thanks  of  all  friends  of  constitutional  j 
liberty :  | 

"  There  is,  nor  ought  to  be,  no  such  thing  as  constructive  treason ; 
it  defeats  the  very  scope  and  design  of  the  statute  uf  the  2i)th  of 
Edward  III.,  which  is  to  make  a  plain  dL-claratinn  what  shall  be 
adjudged  treason  by  the  ordinary  courts  of  justice." 

Atkyns,  Sir  Robt.,  1647-1711,  sou  of  the  preceding, 
is  chiefly  known  by  his  work  entitled  The  Antient  and  Pre- 
sent State  of  Glostershire,  "a  large  folio  voUune,  beauti- 
fully printed"  in  1712,  the  year  after  Sir  Robert's  decease. 
Dr.  Parsons,  a  former  chancellor  of  the  diocese,  had  been 
at  great  pains  and  trouble  to  collect  the  materials  for  a 
history  of  the  county,  but  was  prevented  by  ill  health 
from  completing  his  design.  Atkyns  had  the  advantage  , 
of  his  valuable  collection. 

*'  It  was  very  expensive  to  the  undertaker,  who  printed  it  in  a  . 
pompous  manner,  adorning  it  with  variety  of  views  and  prospects  , 
of  the  seats  of  the  gentry  and  mOiility,  with  their  arms."     "  It  i 
were  to  be  wished  that  more  authorities  had  been  t;iven  and  the 
charters  and  grants  published  in  the  original  language." — GoUGH. 

The  transcripts  of  all  these  were  collected  by  Parsons. 
On  the  night  of  Jan.  29-.'10,  1712-13,  a  fire  took  place  at 
Mr.  Bowyer's  printing  office,  and 

"•  Among  the  articles  which  perished  by  this  sudden  and  awful 
visitati^m  was  by  far  the  greater  number  of  Sir  Robert  Atkyns'  valu- 
able *  History  of  Gloucestershire;'  a  few  copies  only  of  it  having 
been  snatched  from  the  flames,  of  which  they  still  retain  indelible 
marks." — yichoh's  Littirary  Anecdotes,  vol.  i. 

Mr.  Herbert  republished  this  work  in  1768.  Great  part 
of  this  second  edition  was  also  destroyed  by  fire.  Dr.  Du- 
carel,  in  the  preparation  of  liis  Repertory  of  Endowments 
of  Vicarages,  drew  for  Gloucester  principally  from  Atkyns 
and  the  AVorcester  Register. 

Atlay,  Jos,     Work  on  Distillery,  Lon.,  1794. 

Atlee,  Washington  L.,  M.D.,  bom  Feb.  22d,  ISOS, 
at  Lancaster,  Penn. ;  a  distinguished  lecturer  and  medical 
writer.  Prof.  Atlee  has  rendered  great  service  to  the  cause 
of  medicine  in  the  United  States,  having  contributed  up- 
wards of  forty  valuable  papers  to  the  principal  Medical 
Journals  in  the  Union.  He  is  also  the  author  of  thirteen 
pamphlets,  addresses,  and  lectures  on  Medicine,  Chemistry, 
Botany,  etc. 

Atmore,  C.    Chandler'sHist.  of  the  Persecution,  1813. 

Atterbury,  English  glee  composer,  the  aiithor  of  the 
popular  glee,  "  Come,  let  us  all  a  Maying  go,"  Ac. 

Atterbury,  Francis,  1662-1732,  Bishop  of  Roches- 
ter, was  born  at  Milton  Keynes,  near  Newport-Pagnell, 
where  his  father,  Dr.  Lewis  Atterbury,  was  rector.  In 
1076  he  was  admitted  a  King's  scholar  at  Westminster, 
under  Dr.  Busby;  in  1080  he  was  elected  a  student  of 
Christ  Church,  Oxford.  His  proficiency  in  the  classics 
soon  brought  him  into  considerable  notice.  In  1682  he 
published  a  Latin  version  of  Dryden's  Absalom  and  Ahith- 
oithel,  and  two  years  later  edited  some  Latin  poems  by 
Italian  authors.  In  1690  he  married  Miss  Osborn,  a  lady 
celebrated  for  her  beauty — said  to  be  a  niece  of  the  Duke 
of  Leeds.  He  took  a  considerable  part  in  the  famous  con- 
troversy respecting  the  authenticity  of  the  Epistles  of 
Phalaris,  in  which  battle  Dr.  Richard  Bentleyand  the  Hon. 
Charles  Boyle  were  the  principal  combatants.  We  know 
from  his  own  assertion  that  more  than  half  of  Boyle's 
"  E.\amination"  was  written  by  Atterbury:  Dr.  Smalridge 
and  others  bearing  a  part  in  this  unfortunate  production. 
(SeoBENTLEY,  Richard;  Boyle.  Charles.) 

The  Sermons  of  Atterbury  attracted  great  attention 
from  the  first,  and  soon  gave  rise  to  controversies  which 
we  have  merely  time  to  refer  to.  Hoadlcy,  Burnet,  and 
Wake,  were  no  mean  antagonists,  but  our  champion  seems 
never  to  have  been  intimidated  by  numbers  or  awed  by 
the  fear  of  names.  See  a  list  of  works  on  both  sides  the 
Convocation    Controversy  in   the  Biographia   Britunnica. 


Otir  author,  always  willing  to  lend  a  hand  in  a  contest, 
composed  for  Dr.  Sacheverell  a  great  portion  of  the  speech 
delivered  by  him  at  his  trial.  In  1713  Atterbury  was 
raised  to  the  see  of  Rochester,  with  the  deanery  of  West- 
minster i')i  comntendam.  It  has  been  thought  that  the  pri- 
macy would  not  have  been  above  his  reach,  had  not  the 
Queen's  death,  in  1714,  interposed  an  efi"ectual  bar  to  all 
his  prospects  of  advancement.  The  present  jirospcrity, 
and  hopes  for  the  future,  of  Atterbury,  and  the  political 
party  to  which  he  was  attached,  were  buried  with  Queen 
Anne.  There  had  been  some  talk  among  the  ministers  of 
proclaiming  the  Pretender  upon  the  death  of  the  Queen, 
and  Atterbury  is  said  (upon  doubtful  authority)  to  have 
oifered  to  proclaim  the  Pretender  in  his  lawn  sleeves  at 
Charing  Cross,  and  to  have  declared — while  Bolingbroke 
and  Ormond  were  protesting—"  Never  was  better  cause 
lost  for  want  of  spirit."  George  I.  naturally  regarded  At- 
terbury with  distrust,  and  in  1722  there  was  thought  suf- 
ficient grounds  to  authorize  his  arrest  and  committal  to 
the  Tower  on  a  charge  of  high  treason.  How  far  this 
charge  was  justifiable  by  the  facts  will  perhaps  always 
remain  a  matter  of  uncertainty.  On  the  16th  of  May,  1722, 
he  was  condemned  to  the  "deprivation  of  all  his  offices 
and  benefices,  and  to  sufler  perpetual  exile."  His  defence 
excited  great  admiration  for  the  boldness  and  eloi)uence 
by  which  it  was  distinguished.  On  going  ashore  at  Ca- 
lais, he  was  informed  that  Lord  Bolingbroke — who,  after 
the  rising  of  parliament,  had  received  the  king's  pardon — ■ 
was  arrived  at  the  same  place  on  his  return  to  England, 
whereupon  he  is  reputed  to  have  observed,  with  an  air  of 
pleasantry,  "  Then  I  am  exchanged."  Abroad  he  was  ac- 
tive in  behalf  of  the  Pretender,  which  gives  good  grounds 
for  the  belief  that  he  was  not  hardly  dealt  with  in  the 
sentence  of  exile.  Atterbury  died  at  Paris,  Feb.  15th, 
1731-2,  in  the  70th  year  of  his  age.  His  favourite  daugh- 
ter, Mrs.  Morice,  visited  him  iu  Paris,  1729,  she  being  then 
in  a  decline,  and  only  survived  the  voyage  twenty-four 
hours.  Pope  (who  was  warmly  attached  to  the  bishop) 
has  recorded  this  afiecting  incident  in  the  following  lines: 
She:    "  Yes,  we  have  lived. — one  panp  and  then  we  part! 

Way  Heaven,  dear  father,  now  have  all  thy  heart! 

Yet,  ah!  how  much  we  loved,  remember  still, 

Till  you  are  dust  like  me." 
He:  "  Dear  shade.  I  will! 

Then  mix  this  dust  with  thine,  0  spotless  ghosti 

Oh  more  than  fortune,  friends,  or  countiy  lost! 

Is  there  on  earth  one  care,  one  wish  beside? 

Y'es!  Save  my  coimtry.  Heav'n!  he  said,  and  died!" 
Atterbury's  writings  were  almost  entirely  of  a  contro- 
versial character.  His  publications  commence  with  the 
Absalomand  Ahithophel, trans,  into  Latin  verse  1682,  and 
conclude  with  a  belligerent  title,  in  The  Voice  of  the  people 
DO  voice  of  God,  1710.  The  Memoirs  of  his  Life  and 
Conduct,  were  pub.  in  1723.  Pour  volumes  of  his  Sermons 
in  1740.  His  Epistolary  Correspondence.  Ac,  by  J.  Nichols, 
Svo.  4  vols.,  in  1783.  Private  Correspondence  in  1768. 
Miscellaneous  Works  with  Historical  Notes,  by  J.  Nichols, 
5  vols.  Three  vols,  containing  Sermons,  Discourses,  and 
Letters,  have  been  since  republished,  1789-98. 

With  Pope,  Swift,  and  many  of  the  principal  literary 
characters  of  his  day,  he  was  on  terms  of  friendship,  and 
was  held  in  great  esteem  by  his  associates,  as  a  man  of 
great  abilities  and  a  skilful  politician.  We  need  hardly 
say  that  we  cannot  consider  him  as  a  fitting  representative 
of  primitive  episcopacy.  There  have  been  many  brighter 
illustrations  of  the  true  character  of  a  Christian  bishop 
than  our  bold,  declamatory,  and  mettlesome  prelate.  Pope 
thus  alludes  to  his  friend  when  transferred,  from  the  wonted 
comforts  and  luxuries  of  his  own  halls,  to  the  hospitalities 
of  the  house  of  bondage  : 

"  How  pleasina;  Atterbury's  softer  hour! 

How  shined  his  soul  uuconquered  in  the  Tower!" 

Epilogue  to  Vie  Siit.  Dinlngue. 
Swift,  in  an  imaginary  dialogue  between  himself  and 
Stella,  speaks  of  a  dean  to  be  discovered  by  Stella's  inge- 
nuity : 

"A  little  Mack  man  of  pretty  near  fifty."  "The  s;ime."  "A 
good  pleasant  man."  "Aye.  the  same."  "Cunning  enough." 
"  Yes."  '■  Oue  that  understands  his  own  interest."  "  As  well  as 
any  body."  '•  A  very  good  face,  and  abuudance  of  wit.  ...  I 
mean  Dr.  Atterbury,  Deau  of  Carlisle."  See  Hose's  Biog.  Diet.; 
Canmngham's  Biog.  History  of  England. 

"  His  person,  it  is  to  be  confessed,  is  no  small  recommendation, 
but  he  is  to  he  highly  commended  for  not  losing  that  advantage, 
and  adding;  propriety  of  speech — which  mitrht  pass  the  criticism  of 
Lou;;;inus — an  action  which  would  have  been  approved  by  Demos- 
thenes. He  never  attempts  your  passions  till  he  has  convinced 
your  reason." — A  writer  in  the  Tatler. 
Smalridge  styles  him 

'*  Vir  in  nullo  literaruui  penere  hospes.  in  plerisqne  artibus  e 
studiis  duo  et  feliciter  exercitatus,  in  masime  perfectis  literarum 
disL-iplinis  purfectissimus." 


ATT 


AUB 


"  AtterTmry  was.  on  the  whole,  rather  a  man  of  ability  than  a 
genius.  He  writes  more  with  elegance  and  correi-tness,  than  with 
force  of  thinking  or  reasoning.  His  letters  to  I'opy  are  too  much 
crowded  with  very  trite  quotations  from  the  classics." — Wartox. 

Dr.  Warburton  had  a  mean  opinion  of  his  critical  abili- 
ties, and  of  his  Discourse  on  the  lapis  of  Virgil. 

•■  A  very  learned  correspondence  took  place  between  Bishops 
Potter  and  Atterbury  respectin*;;  the  times  in  which  the  Four  Gos- 
pels were  written;  which  is  preserved  in  the  Kpistolary  Corres- 
pondence of  Atterbury." — Ntdioh's  LUerary  Anecilntcs. 

'•  His  controversial  writings  are  Xirilliaut,  but  shallow ;  his  criti- 
cisms evince  more  taste  and  fancy  than  erudition  :  and  his  trans- 
lations from  Horace,  have,  as  it  is  now  generally  admitted,  obtained 
greater  praise  than  they  merit.  His  sermons,  however,  it  must  be 
confessed,  are  clear,  forcible,  and,  though  never  sublime,  occasion- 
ally eloquent  and  pathetic;  and  his  letters,  on  which  his  fame  as 
a  writer,  must  principally  depend,  are  superior  even  to  those  of 
Tope." — Georgian  Era. 

"Atterbury  was  nothing  more  nor  less  than  a  Jacobite  priest: 
his  writings  were  extolled  by  that  taction ;  but  his  letter  on  Clar 
Tendon's  History  is  truly  excellent." — Horace  W.alpole. 

*'  Sir  John  Pringle  had  expressed  a  wish  that  I  would  ask  Dr. 
Johnson's  opinion  what  were  the  best  English  sermons  for  style. 
I  took  an  opportunity  to-day  of  mentioning  several  to  him.  '  At- 
terbury?' Johnson:  '  Ves.  sir,  one  of  the  best."" — BnswdVs.  John  son. 

With  reference  to  the  mention  of  Atterbury's  letters,  read 
his  very  affecting  epistle  to  Pope,  when  the  bishop  was 
about  embarking  for  a  foreign  shore  ;  an  exile,  in  adver- 
sity and  disgrace !  His  influence  over  Pope  must  have 
been  great,  as  the  following  instances  prove : 

"I  had  flung  all  my  learning  into  the  l)L'Ucalion  in  my  Epic 
Poem,  as  indeed  Milton  has  done  too  much  in  his  Paradise  Lost. 
The  Bishop  of  Rochester  advised  me  to  burn  it:  I  saw  his  advice 
was  well  grounded,  and  followed  it.  though  not  without  some  re- 
gret. Again:  I  wrote  four  books  towards  it.  [Alcander,  Prince  of 
Khodes,]  of  about  a  thousand  verses  each;  and  had  the  copy  by  me 
till  I  burnt  it,  by  the  advice  of  the  Bi.'^hop  of  llochester,  a  little 
before  he  went  abroad."     ?ee  Spence's  Anecdfitfif. 

"  He  is  the  glory  of  our  English  orators.  In  his  writings  we  see 
language  in  its  strictest  purity  and  beauty.  There  is  nothing 
dark,  nothing  redundant,  nothing  obscure,  nothing  misplaced." — 
Dr.  Doddridc.e. 

Bickersteth  commends  The  Rights  and  Powers  and  Pri- 
vileges of  an  English  Convocation,  as  **  written  with  vigour 
and  perspicuity,"  but  considers  Archbishop  M'^ake's  answer 
as  "  a  full  reply  :'*  of  his  sermons  he  remarks,  "  A  low  tone 
of  divinity,  in  a  polished  style  of  writing." 

"He  was  a  polite  writer.  His  Sermons  probably  owed  most 
of  their  fame,  among  his  contemporaries,  who  have  lavishly  ap- 
plauded bim,  to  his  mode  of  delivery  in  the  pulpit,  for  the  Tatler 
says  it  was  such  as  would  have  been  approved  by  Longinus  and 
Demosthenes." — Dr.  Knox. 

'■  In  Sherlock  and  Atterbury  are  apparent  the  highest  powers  of 
thi'  mind,  and  the  most  unaffected  eloquence." — QiuiHurly  Beviexv. 

•■  Atterbury  fxcels  in  purity  of  language,  delieacy  of  thought, 
and  gract-ful  allusions." — Dr.  E.  Williams. 

Atterbury,  Lewis,  1631-1693,  father  of  the  preced- 
ing, was  entered  at  Christ  Church.  Oxf..  in  1647. 

•■  He  submitted  to  the  Authority  of  the  visitors  appointed  by  the 
Parliament." — Wood. 

He  pub.  three  Sermons,  viz  :  1.  A  Good  Subject,  on  Prov. 
xxiv.  21,  22,  Lon.,  1684.  2.  The  Ground  of  Christian 
Feasts,  Lon.,  16S5.     3.  Babylon's  Downfall,  Lon.,  1691. 

Atterbury,  Lewis,  16o6-1731,  eldest  son  of  the  pre- 
ceding, was  entered  at  Cbrist  Church,  Oxf.,  in  1674.  He 
pub.  several  sermons,  16S7-1705;  two  treatises  on  the 
Popish  controversy,  and  translated  from  the  French,  Ma- 
dame La  Valliere's  Penitent  Lady,  1684,  and  the  Re-union 
of  Christians,  1708.  Mr.  Yardley  pub.  his  Select  Sermons 
in  1743. 

■'  He  was  happy  in  a  plain  and  intelligible  way  of  expressing 
himself,  and  therefore  was  the  less  careful  of  turning  and  smooth- 
ing his  periods." — Y.^rplet. 

Attersol,  Wm.  Commentary  upon  Philemon,  Lon., 
1612.  The  New  Covenant,  1614.  Commentary  upon 
Numbers,  1618. 

'•A  very  full  exposition;  pmctical  and  evangelical." — Biceer- 

STETH. 

Three  Treatises,  upon  Luke  xiii.  1;  xii.  1,  and  upon 
Jonah  iii.  4. 

Atton.  On  Beautifying  a  Church  j  Serm.  Mark  iv.  9, 
1767. 

Atwell,  George,  of  Cambridge,  author  of  a  Defense 
of  Astrology,  Lon.,  1660.  The  Faithful  Surveyor,  Camb., 
1662.  Mr.  Atwell  is  spoken  of  with  respect  by  his  illus- 
trious contemporary.  Sir  Isaac  Newton. 

Atwell,  Jos.,  d.  1768,  "eminent  for  his  learning  and 
piety,"  was  a  contributor  to  Phil.  Trans,,  1732-36. 

Atwood,  G,     Serm.  Death  Prince  of  Wales,  1751. 

Atwood,  G.    Review  of  Stat,  and  Ord.  of  Assize,  1801. 

Atwood,  Geo,,  1745-1807,  a  mathematician  of  note, 
and  financial  private  secretary  to  Wm.  Pitt,  completed  his 
studies  in  Trinity  Coll.,  Camb.,  where  he  was  afterwards  a 
Fellow  and  a  tutor.  He  was  an  excellent  lecturer,  and 
Mr.  Pitt  was  one  of  his  most  attentive  auditors.  In  1784 
he  pub.  his  Treatise  upon  the  Rectilinear  Motion  and  Ro- 
6 


tation  of  Bodies,  which  was  very  favourably  received. 
He  pub.  An  Analysis  of  a  course  of  Lectures  on  the  Prin- 
ciples of  Natural  Philosophy,  in  the  same  year.  Disserta- 
tion on  Arches,  1801-5.  He  was  a  contributor  to  the  PhiL 
Trans.,  1781-98. 

*'  The  latter  yeais  of  his  life  were  spent  in  much  suffering,  from 
the  intirmities  brought  on  by  intense  application — by  that  worst 
of  all  compbiints,  the  literary  malady.  His  powers  of  application 
were  very  great,  and  his  accm-acy  as  a  calculator  never  smpassed." 
— i?osr*s  Bi»!j.  Dirt. 

Atwood,  Thos.  History  of  Dominica,  Lon.  1791. 
Observations  relative  to  Negro  Slaves  in  the  Brit.  AV.  I. 
Islands,  Lon.,  1790.  Observations  on  Currency,  Popula-- 
tion,  and  Pauperism,  in  two  letters  to  A.  Young.  Esq.,  1818. 

Atwood,  Thos.,  1765-1S3S,  an  Eng.  Mus.  Composer 
of  note. 

Atwood,  Wni.,  published  a  number  of  Historical  and 
Antiquarian  Treatises,  Lon.,  1680-1705.  The  best  known 
of  his  works  is  The  Superiority  and  Direct  Dominion  of 
the  Crown  of  England  over  the  Crown  and  Kingdom  of 
Scotland,  asserted  against  Sir  Thomas  Craig,  in  which  he 
endeavoured  to  prove  that  the  Kings  of  Scotland  had  done 
homage  and  paid  fealty  for  their  kingdom  to  the  Kings  of 
England  as  lords  paramount;  so  distasteful  was  this  doc- 
trine to  the  parliament  of  Scotland,  that  they  ordered  the 
offensive  production  in  which  it  was  contained  to  be  burned 
by  the  common  hangman,  whilst  Dr.  Anderson,  for  his  an- 
swer to  this  alleged  libel,  under  the  title  of  An  Historical 
Essay,  showing  that  the  Crown  and  Kingdom  of  Scotland 
is  Imperial  and  Independent,  received  a  vote  of  thanks  from 
the  same  august  body.  See  Aniierso.v,  James.  Atwood 
was  Chief-Justice  of  New  York,  but  fled  in  1702. 

Auale,  Lemeke,  A  Commemoration  or  Dirge  of 
Bastardo  Edmoude  Boner,  alias  Sauage,  vsuqied  Bisshoppe 
of  London.     Compiled  by  Lemeke  Auale,  lo69. 

"  A  most  virulent  piece  of  persouiU  invective,  written  in  the 
Skeltonic  measui-e,  in  whii-h  the  descent  of  Bonner  is  pretended 
Xio  be  traced  from  a  juggler,  a  cut-purse,  and  a  Tom  o'Bedlam." 
Bindley's  sale,  £3  15y. 

Auber,  Peter,  Secretary  to  the  East  India  Co. 
Analysis  of  the  Constitution  of  the  East  India  Company, 
and  of  the  laws  passed  by  Parliament  for  the  government 
of  their  affairs  at  home  and  abroad,  Lon.,  1826. 

"  A  valuable  and  useful  publication." 

Rise  and  Progress  of  the  Brit.  Power  in  India,  1837. 

"  A  valuable  work,  in  the  preparation  of  which  the  author  en- 
joyed access,  from  his  position,  to  official  materials  of  the  most 
importaut  character." 

Aubert,  Alex.V.,  1729-1805,  President  of  the  Society 
of  Antiquaries,  contributed  to  Phil.  Trans.  1769,  76,  83,  84. 

Aubiii,P,  Lileand  Advcn.of  the  Lady  Lucy.Lon.,1726. 

Aubrey,  John,  1627-1697,  an  eminent  antiquary  and 
naturalist,  was  entered  a  gentleman-commoner  of  Trinity 
Coll.,  Oxf.,  in  1642.  His  '■Miscellanies"  is  a  very  curious 
collection  of  remarks  upon  a  variety  of  supernatural  sub- 
jects, such  as  Transportation  in  the  Air,  Day  Fatality, 
Local  Fatalitj',  Blows  Invisible,  Knockings,  Impulses, 
Converse  with  Angels  and  Spirits,  <te. ;  pub.  in  1696,  and 
often  reprinted.  He  left  a  number  of  works  in  MS.  His 
Perambulation  of  the  County  of  Surrey,  with  additions 
of  Dr.  llawlinson,  5  vols.,  was  pub.  1719-25.  In  1813, 
appeared  Letters  written  by  eminent  Persons  in  17th  and 
18th  Centuries,  with  Lives  of  Eminent  Men,  by  John 
Aubrey,  3  vols.  Aubrey's  Collection  for  Wilts  was  pub- 
lished in  1821.  Anthony  Wood,  who  has  drawn  consider- 
ably in  his  Athen.  Oxon.  from  Aubrey's  biographical  jMSS., 
speaks  highly  of  him  in  the  second  volume  of  his  Fasti, 
and  in  his  History  of  the  University  of  Oxford;  but  after 
his  quarrel  with  him,  he  gives  him  the  character  of 

'■  A  sliitik'ss  person,  roving  and  magotii.'-headed,  and  sometimes 
little  better  than  erased.  And  being  exceedingly  cri;dulous,  would 
stuff  his  many  letters  sent  to  A.  W.  with  fooleries  and  misinforma^ 
tions,  which  sometimes  would  guide  him  into  the  paths  of  error." 

Mr.  Toland  remarks  of  our  author — 

"Though  he  was  extremely  superstitious,  or  seemed  to  be  so, 
yet  he  was  a  very  honest  man,  and  most  accurate  in  his  account 
of  matters  of  fact.  But  the  facts  he  knew,  not  the  reflections  he 
made,  were  what  I  wanted." 

"^Vhatever  Wood,  in  a  peevish  humour,  may  have  thought  or 
said  of  Mr.  Aubrey,  by  whose  labours  he  highly  profited,  or  how- 
ever fentastical  Aubrey  may  have  been  on  the  subject  of  chemistry 
Or  ghosts,  his  character  for  veracity  has  never  beeu  impea,ched; 
and  as  a  very  diligent  antiquary,  his  testimony  is  worthy  of  at- 
tention."— M  ALONE. 

It  is  worthy  of  observation  that  Wood's  account  of 
Milton  was  literally  transcribed  from  Aubrey's  MS.,  who 
was  intimately  acquainted  with  the  great  poet.  Gifford 
despatches  Aubrey  in  his  usual  Jeffrey  style: 

*'  Whoever  expects  a   rational   account  of  any  fact,  however 
trite,  from  Aubrey,  will  meet  with  disappointment.  .  .  .  Aubrey 
thouu'ht  little,  believed  much,  and  confused  every  thing." — Life. 
I  of  B-  n.  Jiiux'iii. 

I  '  But  Mr.  Gifford  is  not  infallible.     Sir   Richard   Colt 

61 


AUB 

Hoare.  whatever  he  "expected."  was  not  "disappointed," 
in  finding  much  valuable  matter  in  Aubrey's  MSS. ;  wit- 
ness Sir  Richard's  excellent  work  on  the  Antiquities  of 
Wiltshire. 

Dr.  Symmons  has  thought  proper  to  take  our  author  se- 
verely to  task  after  this  fashion  : 

■■  Whiit  credit  can  be  due  to  this  Mr.  Aubrey,  who  picked  up  in- 
formation on  tlie  hi'^hway.  and  scattered  it  everywhere  as  authen- 
tic? .  .  .  and  who.  uiaking  our  youn^;  yhakspeare  a  butchers 
boy,  could  embrue  his  hands  in  the  blood  of  calves,  and  repre- 
sent him  as  exulting  in  poetry  over  the  convulsions  of  the  dying 
animals';" 

Now  we  cannot  see  that  the  gravamen  of  this  indict- 
ment, when  sifted  a  little,  amounts  to  any  thing  very  for- 
midable. "  Information  on  the  highway"  may  be  unex- 
ceptionahly  authentic;  the  Royal  Psalmist  deprecates  the 
publicity  of  the  "streets  of  Askolon,"  and  we  are  assured 
on  the  best  authority  that  "  Wisdom  crieth  without,  and 
uttereth  her  voice  in  the  streets:"  the  juvenile  Wolsey, 
who  certainly  was  possessed  of  no  ordinary  genius,  doubt- 
less had  often  "embrued  his  hands  in  the  blood  of  calves," 


AUS 

Almiinack,  1802.  Abridg't  of  Law's  Unlawfulness  of  Stage 
Pl.ays. 

Audley,  Matt.     Christ.  Moderation  and  Peace,  1705. 

Audlcy,  Matt.     Sermons  pub.  1739-75. 

Audubon,  John  James,  1780-1851,  an  eminent 
American  Ornithologist,  was  the  son  of  an  admiral  in  the 
French  navy,  who  settled  on  a  plantation  in  Louisiana. 
After  some  attention  to  commercial  pursuits,  Mr.  Audubon 
concluded  to  follow  the  bent  of  his  native  taste,  and  devote 
his  time  to  ornithological  investigations.  He  travelled  for 
a  long  time,  collecting  materials  of  the  most  valuable  cha- 
racter, which  he  was  afterwards  persuaded  to  give  to  the 
world.  Accordingly  in  1826.  he  visited  Europe,  to  pro- 
cure subscribers  for  his  "  Birds  of  America."  His  recep- 
tion w.as  most  gratifying.  Cuvier,  Herschel,  and  Hum- 
boldt, Brewster,  Wilson,  Jcfl'rey,  and  Sir  Walter  Scott, 
evinced  a  lively  interest  in  his  success.  His  great  work 
was  completed  in  87  parts,  (1828,  etc.,)  elephant  folio,  con- 
taining 448  plates  of  birds  of  the  natural  size,  beautifully 
coloured,  published  at  £182  14»..  ($1U0U.)     This  work  em- 


and  Shaksneare  senior  was  probably  much  better  pleased  !  braced  5  vols.  fol.  of  engravmgs,  and  6  vols.  8vo  of  letter- 
with  his  son's  reciting  poetry  over  the  evidence  of  his  in-  I  press,  the  latter  of  which  constitutes  the  American  Orni- 
A„.tr^  Ir,  .nirlino-  bis  father's  labours,  than  he  would  have     thological  Biography.     At  the  time  of  handing  his  hrst 


dustry  in  aiding  his  father's  lahours,  than  he 
been  with  his  writing  poetry,  and  leaving  his  parent  to  do 
all  the  work  himself.  As  to  the  triumphal  song,  which  so 
excites  the  doctor's  ire,  we  submit  that  the  accusation  is 
not  established  by  the  record :  Aubrey  says  that  "  when 
he  killed  a  calfe,  he  would  do  it  in  a  hirjh  sljjie,  and  make  a 
speech."  Now  what  is  there  in  this  that  proves  the  charge 
of  exultation  ?  What  is  there  that  forbids  the  supposition 
of  an  ejiicedc,  rather  than  a  prean  ?  And  an  epicede  we 
contend  it  was,  and  challenge  Dr.  Symmons  and  the  whole 
Society  of  Antiquaries  at  his  back,  to  disprove  our  allega- 
tion. Moreover,  does  not  Maister  Aubrey  tell  us  that  our 
great  bard  was  not  only  "a  handsome,  well-shaped  man," 
but  also  "  vcrie  good  company,  and  of  a  very  ready  and  plea- 
sant and  smooth  witt !"  But  to  be  serious,  we  might  find 
graver  faults  with  Dr.  Symmons's  Life  of  Shakspeare  than 
he  can  with  "  Maister  Aubrey's"  "  information."  We  do 
not  pretend  to  insist  upon  the  infallibility  of  Aubrey,  but 
it  struck  us  as  barely  possible  that  living  as  he  did  with 
the  contemporaries  of  Shakspeare,  he  might  happen  to 
know  as  much  of  his  history  as  Dr.  Symmons,  and  others, 
who  favoured  the  world  with  their  narrations  some  two 
centuries  later. 

Aubry,  M.  Oxonii  Dux  Poeticus,  Ac,  Oxon.  1795.  A 
poet,  trans,  entitled,  The  Beauties  of  Oxford,  by  W.  Wills. 

Aubrey,  or  Awbrey,  William,  1520-1505,  was 
elected  Fellow  of  All  Souls  Coll.,  Oxf..  in  1547,  and  Regius 
Professor  of  Civil  Law,  in  1553.  His  writiug.s  remain  in 
manuscript,  with  the  exception  of  some  letters  pub.  in 
Strype's  Life  of  Grindal. 

"  A  person  he  w.as  of  exiiuisite  learning  and  singular  prudence, 
and  therefore  mentioned  with  honour  by  Thuanus  and  others. 
...  He  wrote  several  Letters  to  his  cousin.  Br.  ,Iohn  Dee,  concern- 
ing the  sovereignty  of  the  seas,  some  of  which  I  have  seen."— Wood. 

He  also  wrote  something  respecting  the  reformation  of 
the  Court  of  Arches,  in  1576.  Ono  of  his  descendants  re- 
marks, 

"  lie  engrossed  all  the  wit  of  the  iamily,  so  that  none  descended 
from  hiui  can  pret^^ud  to  any." 

Auchincloss,  J.,  D.  D.,  wrote  an  answer  to  that 
miserable  tissue  of  ignorance,  folly,  and  profanity,  Paine's 
Age  of  Reason  :  The  Sophistry  of  the  first  part  of  Paine's 
A°e  of  Reason,  or  a  Rational  Vindication  of  the  Holy 
Scriptures,  as  a  Positive  Revelation  from  God,  with  the 
causes  of  Deism ;  in  three  sermons,  Lou.,  1706.  See  Wat- 
son. RlOHARD. 

Auchinleck,  Hugh  B.  A  Dissertation  upon  the 
Chron.  of  Ibc  .Judges  of  Israel;  Trans.  Irish  Acad.,  1800. 

Auehmuty,  Kobt.,  d.  1750,  of  a  SeottLsh  family, 
settled  in  Boston,  where  he  was  appointed  Judge  of  the 
Court  of  Admiralty  in  1703,  and  .again  in  1733.  He  wrote 
The  Importance  of  Cape  Breton  to  the  British  Nation,  (with 
a  plan  of  taking  the  place.)  Lou.,  1745. 

Auckland,  Wm.  Eden,  Lord,  d.  1814,  a  diploma- 
tist of  note,  pub,  a  number  of  works  on  Political  Economy 
and  general  politics.  The  Principles  of  Penal  Law,  Lon,, 
1771.  On  the  Population  of  Englaml.  in  answer  to  Dr. 
Price,  1786.  History  of  New  Holland,  17,87.  Remarks  on 
.    the  Apparent  Circumstances  of  the  War,  in  Oct..  1705,  etc. 

Audley,  Lady  Eleanor.  Strange  and  WondorfnU 
Prophecies,  Lon.,  llilO:  and  other  tracts. 

Audley,  J.      A  Scrnion  on  Harvest. 

Audley,  Jas.  Lord,  Earl  of  Castlehaven.  Me- 
moirs of  his  Engagement,  ikc.  in  the  Wars  of  Ireland,  from 
1642  to  1651.  Loii.,  1680. 

Audley,  John,  of  Cambridge.     A  Companion  to  the 

82 


ogical  Biography. 

drawings  to  the  engraver,  he  had  no  subscribers,  and  his 
friends  endeavoured  to  dissuade  him  from  what  they  deemed 
a  rash  enterprise.  But  he  was  not  to  be  deterred:  "My  heart 
was  nerved,  and  my  reliance  upon  that  Power  on  whom 
all  must  depend  brought  bright  anticipations  of  success." 
On  the  completion  of  this  great  undertaking,  he  writes, 

"  Once  more  surrounded  by  all  the  membera  of  my  dear  family, 
eryoying  the  countenance  of  numerous  friends  who  have  never 
deserted  me.  and  possessing  a  competent  share  of  all  that  can  ren- 
der life  agreeable.  I  look  up  with  gratitude  to  the  Supreme  Being 
and  feel  that  I  am  happy."  See  Griswold's  Prose  Writers  of  Am. 
Newed.  of  the  Birds  of  America,  7  vols.  imp.  Svo,  1844, 
500  plates,  being  a  reduced  ed.  (d'  the  larger  work. 

Quadrupeds  of  North  America,  3  vols,  double  medium 
folio,  150  plates,  and  3  vols.  8vo,  letter-press.  The  draw- 
ings were  made  liy  Mr.  Audubon  ami  his  sons  Victor  Gif- 
ford  and  John  AVoodhouse.  Same  work  reduced,  3  vols. 
Svo,  155  plates.  1853  :  the  letter-press  was  prepared  princi- 
pally by  Mr.  A.'s  friend,  Rev.  Dr.  Bachman,  of  S.  Carolina. 
"  AVhen  the  celebrated  Buffon  had  completed  the  ornithological 
portion  of  his  great  work  on  n.itural  history,  he  announced  with 
unhesitating  assurance,  that  he  had  '  finished  the  history  of  the 
birds  of  the  world.'  Twenty  centuries  had  served  for  the  dis- 
covery of  only  eight  hundred  species,  but  this  number  seemed 
immense,  and  the  short-sighted  naturalist  declared  that  the  list 
would  admit  of  '  no  m.-iterial  augmentation,'  which  embraced 
hardly  a  sixteenth  of  those  now  known  to  exist.  To  this  asto- 
nishing advance  of  the  science  of  ornithology,  no  one  has  con- 
tributed more  than  Audubon,  by  his  magniticent  painting  and 
fascinating  history.  ...  lie  has  indispntalde  claims  to  a  respect- 
able rank  as  a  man  of  letters.  Some  of  his  written  pictures  of 
birds,  so  gnaceful.  clearly  defined,  and  brilliantly  coloured,  are 
scarcely  inferior  to  the  productions  of  his  pencil.  His  powers  of 
general  description  are  also  remark.able." — Gbiswold. 

"These  are  works  with  which  critics  have  not  much  to  do;  or 
with  respect  to  which,  they  can  only  discharge  that  part  of  their 
duty  which  is  genenUly  thought  to  give  the  least  pleasure — we 
mean  praise.  No  one  can  see  these  splendid  drawings,  and  com- 
pan>  th.in  with  the  ordin.Trv  illustrations  of  n.atural  history,  in 
which  ;iMiiii:ils  .-ii'iirar  as  spiritless  as  if  they  had  been  sitting  for 
their  ix.rtraits,  without  admiiiiig  his  taste  and  skill.  ...  If  Mr. 
Audubon  had  contented  himself  with  Linnean  descriptions,  he 
would  have  h.ad  the  honour  of  discovering  more  birds  than 
readers." — A'.  Ameriatn  Review. 

"The  hearts  of  all  warmed  towards  Audulxtn  who  were  capable 
of  conceiving  the  difficulties,  dangers,  and  sacrifices,  that  must 
have  been  encountered,  endured,  and  overcome,  before  genius 
could  have  embodied  these,  the  glory  of  its  innumerable  tri- 
umphs. .  .  .  The  m.an  himself  is  just  what  you  would  expect  from 
his  production :  full  of  fine  enthusiasm,  and  intelligence,  most  in- 
teresting in  his  looks  and  manners,  a  perfect  gentleman,  and 
esteemed  bv  .all  who  know  him  for  the  .simplicity  and  frankness 
of  his  nature.  He  is  the  greatest  artist  in  his  own  walk  that  ever 
lived." — PiioFEssiin  Wilson. 

"  .'Vudubnirs  woiks  are  the  most  splendid  monuments  which  art 
has  erected  in  liminur  of  ornithology." — Cuvier. 

Auerell,  Wm.  A  wondcrfuU  and  straunge  Newes, 
Lon..  1583.  A  maruailous  Combat  of  Contrarieties,  1588. 
Four  notable  Histories.  1590. 

Aungell,  Jno.     The  Agreement  of  the  holye  Fathers 
anil  Doctors  of  the  Chnrche  vpon  the  ehiefcst  Religion, 
Lon..  1555  ;  dedicated  to  "  Q.  M:irye.  wyfe  to  Phillip." 
Aungerville.     Sec  Richard  de  Etinv. 
Aurelius,  Abr.     Liber  Johi  Poetica  Metaphr.asis  Ex- 
plicatus.  Lon..  1632.     Epithnlamium  in  Nuptias  Frederici 
V.  et  Eliz.  Jacobi.  Regis,  Filia>,  Lon.,  1634. 
Austen.     The  Loiterer  :  a  Period.  Work,  Oxf.,  17S9-90. 
.\usten,  .lane,  1775-1817,  was  a  native  of  Steventon, 
in  Hamiishirc,  of  which  place  her  father  was  rector  for  40 
years.      Her  novels   are    held   in   high   estimation.      She 
wrote  Sense  and  Sensibility.  Pride  and   Prejuilice,  Mans- 
field P.ark,  Emma,  Northanger  Abbey,  and  Persuasion: 


AUS 


AWD 


the  last  two  were  posthumous  j  the  first  four  were  pub. 
anonymously. 

'■  K-nior  and  Austen  have  given  portraits  of  real  society  far  su- 
poriur  to  any  thing  vain  man  has  produced  of  the  like  nature. 
I  ri-ad  again,  and,  for  the  third  time.  Miss  Austin's  very 
iinely  written  novel  of  Pride  ajid  Prejudice.  That  young  lady 
had  a  talent  for  descril>ing  the  involvements,  feelings,  and  cha- 
rai-ters  of  ordinary  life,  wtiich  is  to  me  the  must  wonderful  I  have 
ever  met  with.  The  big  bow-wow  1  can  do  myself  like  any  one 
going;  but  the  exquisite  touch,  which  renders  common-place 
things  and  charact^^rs  interesting  from  the  truth  of  the  descrip- 
tion." ami  the  sentiment,  is  denied  to  me.  What  a  pity  so  gifted  a 
creature  died  so  early  V'Sir  Walier  .Scotfs  Duiry. 

'-  Her  works  may  be  safely  recommended,  not  only  as  among 
the  most  unexceptionable  of  their  class,  but  as  combining,  in  an 
eminent  degree,  instruction  with  amusement,  though  without  the 
direct  ellort  at  the  former,  of  which  we  have  complained  as  some- 
times defeating  its  object.  For  those  who  cannot  or  will  nut  ham 
any  thing  from  productions  of  this  kind,  she  has  provided  enter- 
tainment which  entitles  her  to  thanks ;  for  mere  innocent  amuse- 
ment is  in  itself  a  good,  when  it  interferes  with  no  greater,  especi- 
ally as  it  may  occupy  the  place  of  some  other  that  may  not  be  in- 
nocent. The  Kastern  monarch,  who  proclaimed  a  reward  to  him 
who  should  discover  a  new  pleasure,  would  have  deserved  well  of 
mankind  had  he  stipulated  that  it  should  be  blameless.  Those, 
again,  who  delight  in  the  study  of  human  nature,  may  improve 
ill  the  knowledge  of  it.  and  iu  the  pmtitiiMi'  appliiation  of  that 
knowledge,  by  the  perusal  of  such  ti<li'>ns  as  tUnyLi  before  us."— 
Arciihisiiop  Weh.tf.ly:     Qu-irtTly  lienew^  INJl. 

Austen,  Ralph,  d.  1676.     Treatise  of  Fruit  Trees, 
kc.y  and  the  Spiritual  use  of  an  Orchard,  or  Garden  of 
Fruit   Trees,  set  forth  in  divers  similitudes,  Oxf.,  1673, 
commended  by  the  Hon.  Robt.  Boyle.     Dialogue.  &c..  be- 
tween the  Ilusb'n  and  Fruit  Trees  in  his  Nur.-5eries.  1676. 
Austin,  Adam.     On  Electricity;    Ess.  Pbys.  and  Lit. 
Austin,  Benj.     Work  on  the  Trinity,  Lun.,  1650. 
Austin,     Benj.,    1752-182U,    a    violent    democratic 
writer  of  Boston,  U.  S.  America.     His  political  writings, 
pub.  iu  the  Chronicle,  under  the  signature  of  "  Old  South," 
were  collected  in  a  vol.  1S03,  under  the  title  of  "  Consti- 
tution.al  Republicanism." 

Austin,  Gilbert.  Sermon.  Dub..  1791.  Chironomica, 
Lon.,  1SU6.  Con.  on  Natural  Thilosuphy  to  Phil.  Trans, 
and  Trans.  Iri.-^h  Acad. 

Austin,  James  Trecotliie,  b.  1784,  Boston.  Life 
of  his  father-in-law,  Elbridge  Gerry,  with  contemporary 
letters  to  the  close  of  the  American  Revolution,  Bost.,  1S28, 
8vo.     Numerous  addresses,  discourses,  ifec. 

Austin,  John,  d.  1669,  a  writer  of  the  time  of  the 
Commonwealth.  The  Christian  Moderator,  or  Persecution 
for  Religion  condemned  by  Wm.  Birchley,  Lon.,  1651. 

"In  this  the  author  frequently  attacks  the  doctrine  of  the 
pope's  deposing  power." — C.  liiTLER. 

Among  other  works  he  pub.  an  Answer  to  Tillotson's 
Rule  of  Faith. 
Austin,  John.  Con.  to  Trans.  Sue.  Arts,  1S06. 
Austin,  John.     The  Province  of  Jurisprudence  De- 
termined, Lon.,  1832. 

'■This  is  acknowledged  to  be  one  of  the  most  valuable  contribu- 
tions to  the  philosophy  of  Law  and  Legislation  that  has  been  pro- 
duced in  modern  times,  and  entitles  the  author  to  rank  with 


the  satyrical  wits  of  this  university,  who.  having  easily  got  some 
of  his  prose  and  poetry,  served  him  as  the  wits  did  Tho.  Coryate 
in  his  time,  and  published  them  under  these  titles,  Naps  upon 
Parnassus.  A  Sleepy  Muse  Wipt  and  Pincht,  though  not  Awak- 
ened, &c.,  Lon.,  16yt>,  Oct.  Characters — printed  with  the  former. 
Both  which  were  ushered  into  the  world  by  more  than  twenty 
copies  of  verses  (advantaging  the  sale  of  the  book)  by  such  that 
had  the  name  of.  or  at  least  pretended  to  be,  poets." 

"  A  Panegyric  on  K.  Ch.  II.,  l.oii.,  lilt  11,  Oct.,  wherein,  just  aft^r 
the  preface,  he  promised  to  publish  smne  poems,  conditionally  the 
same  Paneg.  to<jk,  the  subjects  of  which  are  there  set  down.  But 
what  prevented  him,  unless  death,  which  happened  about  the 
plague  year  in  ltj57.  I  cannot  tell.' 

Austin,  Samuel,  1760-18.tO,  President  of  the  Uni- 
versity of  Vermont,  was  successively  settled  as  minister 
at  Fiiirhaven.  Conn.,  and  Worcester,  Mass. 

His  most  important  works  are:  View  of  the  Church; 
Theological  E.^says;  Letters  on  Baptism,  Ae.,  pub.  1805-12. 

Austin,  Mrs.  Sarah,  b.  about  the  commencement  of 
the  present  century,  belonging  to  the  celebrated  Taylor 
family  of  Norwich,  Eng.,  and  wife  of  John  Au.stin,  bar- 
rister of  London.  She  occupies  a  deservedly  high  position 
as  "having  introduced  the  finest  types  of  the  (Jerman 
mind  to  the  knowledge  and  appreciation  of  the  English 
reader."  1.  Characteristics  of  Goethe,  1833,  3  vols.  8vo. 
2.  Colleetion  of  Fragments  from  the  German  Prose  Writers, 
illustrated  with  Biographical  Notes.  3.  Considerations  on 
National  Education,  12mo.  4.  Sketches  of  Germany  from 
1760  to  1814,  p.  8vo.  5.  Story  without  an  End;  several 
edits.  6.  Selectinns  from  the  Old  Testament,  12mo.  7- 
Letters  on  Girls'  Schools,  12mo.  Ranke's  History  of  the 
Reformation  in  Germany.     Ranke's  History  of  the  Popes. 

"  Of  this  translation  we  need  only  say  that  it  is  such  as  might 
be  expected  from  the  skill,  the  taste,  and  the  scrupulous  integrity 
of  the  accomplished  lady  who,  as  an  interpreter  between  the 
mind  of  Germany  and  the  mind  of  Britain,  has  already  deserved 
so  well  nf  both  conntries."— T.  B.  Macaulat:  Edin.  Rev.,  1S40. 

Austin,  Wm.,  of  Lincoln's  Inn.  Devotionis  Augug- 
tinianaj  Flamma,  or  Devout,  Godly,  and  Learned  Medita- 
tions, Lon.,  1635. 

"  This  work  gives  us  a  favourable  idea  nf  the  piety  of  the  author."' 

Hfec  Homo,  or  the  Excellency  of  the  Creation  of  Wo- 
man, Lon.,  1637. 

"Taken  in  some  degree  from  Agrippa  de  Nobilitate  et  Proscei- 
lentia  l-'aminei  Sextus.'' 

'•  He  was  a  friend  of  James  Howell,  to  whom  he  communicated 
a  poem  which  he  had  written  on  the  Passion  of  Christ,  and  other 
poems,  which  Iloweli  strongly  urged  him  to  publish,  iu  a  letter 
written  in  Iti^s." 

Austin,  Wm.,  has  been  supposed  to  be  the  son  of  tho 
prececling.  Atlas  under  Olympus,  1664.  The  Anatomy 
of  the  Pestilence,  1066. 

Austin,  Wm.  An  Exam,  of  the  First  Six  Books  of 
Euclid's  Elements,  Oxf.,  1781. 

Austin,  Wm,,  M.D.,  d.  1793.  A  Treatise  on  the 
Stone,  Lon.,  1791,  (reviewed  by  Dr.  Murray  Forbes.)  Con. 
to  Phil.  Trans..  1788-90. 

Austin,  Wm.,  1778-1841,  lawyer  of  Mass.,  grad. 
Harvard  Coll.,  1798.  1.  Oration  on  tue  Anniversary  of  the 
Battle  of  Bunker's   Hill,    Charlestown,  1801  ;    2d  od.     2. 


Hooker  and  Montesfjuieu.     .leremy  Uentham.  in  his  Principles  of  ,  Letters  from   London,  written  during   the   Years   1802-03, 
Morals  and  Legislation,  has  in  part_ occupied  the  same  field,  but  |  g^^^.^^  ^g^^^   ^^^       3_   j^^^..^^  ^^   f^^   Human   Character  of 


his  work  falls  iUr  below  the  one  under  eousideratiou." — JUarvin^s 
Lrgal  Bibl. 

'■The  style  of  Professor  Austin's  Treatise  is  so  condensed  as  to 
defy  a  just  abridgment." 

"  We  should  find  it  difficult  to  name  any  one  book  from  which 
we  learnt  so  much,  as  from  that — Mr.  Austin's  Province  of  Juris- 
prudence Determined." — Lon,  Jurist. 

Austin,  Rev.  John  Mather,  b.  1805,  N.  Y.  Voice 
to  Youth.  Voice  to  the  Married.  Sunday-School  Expo- 
sition.    Life  of  Jolm  (iujiicy  Adams,  Ac. 

Austin,  Jonathan  Loring,  1748-1826,  b.  in  Bos- 
ton. Life  of  Elbridge  Gerry,  his  father-in-law,  8vo.  Con- 
tributed to  the  Christian  Examiner  and  other  journals. 

Austin,  Samuel,  the  elder,  b.  1606,  entered  Exeter 
Coll.,  Oxf.,  in  1623.  Whilst  at  college  he  pub.  Austin's 
Urania,  or  the  Heavenly  Muse,  in  a  poem,  full  of  Medita- 
tions, for  the  Comfort  of  all  Souls  at  all  Times,  Lon.,  1629. 

Austin,  Samuel,  the  younger,  1636-1665?,  sou  of 
the  preceding,  entered  Wadham  Coll.,  Oxf.,  in  1652. 
Wood  deals  him  no  gentle  blow  in  his  account  of  his 
father,  where  he  says, 

"  He  had  a  son  of  both  his  names,  (a  conceited  coxcomb.)  wh'i 
endeavoured  to  Patrizaire,  tiut  through  his  t^xceeding  vanity  and 
folly  he  was  made  use  of.  as  another  Tho.  Coryate.  liy  certain' poets 
of  Oxon.  in  their  respective  copies  of  verses  set  befiuv  his  Naps  on 
Parnassus.  Ac,  printed  1658,  as  I  shall  tell  you  in  iny  other 
Volume  of  Writers." 

Anthony  keeps  his  promise,  and  when  be  reaches  our  un- 
fortunate poet,  he  again  administers  unsparing  castigsition  : 

"Such  was  the  vanity  of  this  person,  that  he.  being  e>tremely 
conceited  of  his  own  Morth.  and  over-valuing  his  poeliral  fancy, 
more  than  tliat  of  Cleveland,  who  was  then  accounted  by  the 
Bravadoes  tho  Hectoring  Prince  of  Poets,  fell  into  the  hands  of 


i  Jesus  Christ,  1807.     4.   Peter  Kugg,  the  Missing  Man. 

Anther,  John.     Divine  litems  on  Various  Subjects. 

Auvergne,  E.  D'.     See  D'Auvbugne, 

Avenant,  D'.     See  Davenant. 

Avery,  Benj.     Sermon  on  Micah  vi.  5,  1773. 

Aveshury,  ISobt.  de,  d.  i:i56,  an  early  English  his- 
torian, lie  styles  himself  Register  of  the  Archbishop  of 
Canterbury's  Court.  Roberti  de  Avesbnry  Historia  dc  ,Mira- 
bilibusGestisEdwardi  Ill.hactenus  inedita  h  Th.  Heurne, 
Oxon.,  1720.  Appendicem  etiam  subvexuit  in  fpia  inter 
aliacontinentur.  Letters  of  King  Henry  VIII.  to  Anne  Uo- 
leyn.     Avesbury's  history  comes  down  no  farther  than  lo56. 

■•  In  this  work  we  have  a  plain  narrative  of  facts,  with  an  appa- 
rent candour  and  impartialitv  ;  liut  his  chief  excellence  lies  iu  his 
accuracy  in  point  of  dates,  and  his  stating  all  public  actions  from 
records,  rather  than  from  his  own  nutions." — Chalmers. 

Avison,  Chas.,  1710-1770.  an  ingenious  English 
musician.     An  Essay  on  Musical  Expression,  Lon.,  1751. 

"  An  amusing  and  ingenious  performance,  written  with  a  view 
of  exalting  tieminiiini.  Marcello.  and  Itauieau,  at  the  expense  of 
llandel.  Shortly  after  appeared  Kemarks,  (by  Hayes,;  to  which 
Avison  replied." — Lowndes. 

Awbrey,  Tim.     Sermons,  pub.  1715-31. 

Awdeley,  John,  a  printer  of  some  note  between  the 
years  1559-1580,  "appears  to  have  been  an  author  of  se- 
veral productions,  serious  ballads,  and  short  moral  pieces. 
...  An  Epitathe  upon  the  Death  of  Mayster  John  Viron, 
1562.  A  Poem  upon  Eccl.  xx.,  *Kemember  death,  and 
thou  shalt  never  Sinne/  1569.  '  The  Cruel  Assault  of  God's 
Fort:'  without  date.     Some   original   stanzas  before  Gre- 


AWS 

gory  ScotVs  Brief  Treatise  against  certayne  Errors,  15741."' 
— R'ise's  Biog.  Diet. 

Awsiter,  John,  M.B.     Prof.  Works,  Lon.,  1763-69. 

Axferd,  John.  Coins,  Weights,  and  Measures  of 
the  Bible. 

Ayckbourn,  Hubert.  The  New  Chancery  Practice; 
a  condensed  Treatise  of  the  Practice  of  the  Court  of  Chan- 
cery, as  altered  by  the  recent  statutes  and  orders  j 
2ded. 

In  connexion  with  T.  Ayckbourn,  Chancery  Practice  j 
5th  ed.,  1S55,  12mo.  Furms  of  Proceedings  in  Chancery, 
13mo;  5th  ed.,  1855. 

Ayerigg,  Benj.    Wedding  Sermon,  1  Cor.  vii.  20, 1715. 

Ayers,  Ph.     The  Fortunate  Foul. 

Ayerst,  Wm.  The  Duty  and  Motives  of  Praying  for 
Peace.     Ps.  cxxii.  6-9.  1712. 

Aylesbury,  Thomas.     Sermons,  pub.  1622-59. 

Aylesbury,  Wni,  Trans,  into  English,  Davila's  His- 
tory of  the  Civil  Wars  of  France. 

"  The  kin;;  [Charles  I.]  was  pleased  to  command  him  to  translate 
Davila's  History,  (he  beinf;  a  perfect  master  of  the  Italian  lan- 
guage.) which  he  did  with  liie  assistance  of  his  constant  friend,  Sir 
Charles  Cotterel." 

Aylett,  Geo.     Surgical  Works,  Lon.,  1744-59. 

Aylett,  Robl,  LL.I).,  a  Master  in  Chancery.  Peace 
with  her  four  Garders;  (including  Susanna,  &c.,)  Lon., 
1622.  A  Wife  not  ready  made,  but  bespokea,  1653.  A 
poetical  Pleading  for  and  against  Marriage.  Divine  and 
moral  Speculations,  1654.  Devotions  ;  viz. :  1.  A  good  Wo- 
man's Prayer.  2.  The  humble  Man's  Prayer,  1655.  See 
Censura  Literaria;  Rostituta;  Lowndes's  Bibl.  Man.  Dr. 
Aylett  gives  the  following  as  liis  own  epitaph. 
"  Hiec  suprema  dies,  sit  mihi  prinui  quies." 
"  Lord !  let  this  lust  be  my  first  day  of  rest." — Restitutn. 

Wood  states  that  it  was  the  common  report  that  Bobt. 
Aylett  was  the  author  of  Britannia  Antirpia  lUustrata, 
published  under  the  name  of  his  nephew.  Aylett  Sammes. 
When  speaking  of  this  unlucky  gentlemen,  old  Anthony 
** remembers  his  swashing  blow,"  and  disposes  of  him  in 
the  following  trenchant  style: 

'•  The  common  report  then  was,  that  not  he,  but  his  quondam 
Uncle,  was  the  aiitljor;  and  to  confirm  it,  was  his  great  ii^norance 
in  Matters  and  Itooks  of  Antiquity.  I  was  several  times  in  his 
company  when  he  spent  sonae  weeks  this  Year  in  Oxon.,  and  found 
him  to  be  an  impertinent,  pirninci;.  [srinnini;.]  and  podanlical  cox- 
eomb:  and  so  li^norant  of  Authors,  that  he  never  heard,  before  I 
mentioned  it  to  him,  of  the  great  Antiquary,  John  Leland,  or  of  his 
printed  or  manuscript  Works,  nor  any  tbiuf^  of  Baleus;  nor  could 
he  giTG  any  account  of  Authors  that  are  quoted  in  the  said  Brit- 
tannia  Antiqua  lUustrata,  Ac." 

Ayleway,  or  Ayleworth,  Wm.  Epithalamia  in 
Nuptias  Caroii  II.,  Lon.,  1652.  Sermon,  1662.  Metaphy- 
sica  Scholastica,  *fee.,  Colon.,  1675. 

Ayliffe,  John,  LL.D.,  a  Fellow  of  New  College  in 
Oxford,  pub.  The  Ancient  and  Present  State  of  the  Uni- 
versity of  O.xford,  (Lon.,  1714,)  compiled  chiefly  from 
Wood's  History  of  Oxford.  The  work  gave  so  much  offence 
from  alleged  aspersions  and  misrepresentation.-*,  that  an 
order  was  decreed  consigning  it  to  the  hands  of  the  hang- 
man to  be  burnt,  and  Ayliffe  was  degraded,  and  expelled 
the  University.  In  1716  he  pub.  an  account  of  this  matter 
in  this  "  Case."  He  also  gave  to  the  world,  1.  Parergon 
Juris  Canonici  Anglicani.  1726;  2.  The  Law  of  Pawns, 
Lun.,  17:52;  A  New  Pandect  of  the  Koman  Civil  Law,  1734. 

"Ayliffe's  work,  thoui^h  learned,  is  dull  and  tedious,  and  stuffed 
with  superfluous  matter,  delivered  in  a  most  coufused  manner." — 
Prefacf  to  Broum's  Civ.  Law. 

Aylmer,G.J.    Introduc.  to  Prac. Arithmetic, Lon. ,1812. 

Aylmer,  or  /Elmer,  John,  1521-1594,  an  eminent 
English  prelate,  was  at  one  time  chaplain  to  tho  Marquis 
of  Dorset,  afterwards  Duke  of  Suffolk,  and  tutor  to  his 
daughter.  Lady  Jane  Grey.  See  Ascham,  Roger.  In 
the  convocation  hehl  in  the  first  year  of  Queen  Mary,  he 
was  one  of  the  six  learned  men  who  offered  to  dispute  all 
the  controverted  points  in  religion  against  the  most  learned 
champions  of  the  Papists.  Obliged  to  leave  his  country, 
he  found  a  quiet  retreat  at  Zurich.  Whilst  abroad,  he 
answered  a  treatise  pub.  by  John  Knox,  at  Geneva,  in 
155S,  against  the  government  of  women.  The  title  of  this 
answer  is  sufficiently  curious  to  be  extracted : 

"An  Harborowe  for  Ciithfull  and  trewo  subiectes.  against  the 
late  blowiie  Blaste  concerning  the  Gouermet  of  Wemen;  wherein 
be  confuted  al  such  reasons  as  a  straunger  of  late  made  in  th;itbe- 
halfe.     With  a  Brief  Exhortation  to  Obedience.    Strasb..  \^b9,  4to." 

Upon  the  accession  of  Elizabeth,  he  returned,  and  in 
1562  was  made  Archdeacon  of  Lincoln,  and  in  1576  was 
promoted  to  the  bishopric  of  London,  upon  the  translation 
of  Bishop  Sandys  to  York. 

"  lie  was  well  learned  in  the  languages,  was  a  ready  disputant, 
and  a  deep  divine." — Athn.  Oxon. 

Wood  tells  us  of  an  instance  of  his  tact  in  excitincr  the 
84 


AYS 

jettention  of  an  inattentive  auditory,  which  device,  or 
something  e(fually  efficacious,  we  commend  to  some  preach- 
ers of  our  own  day. 

"  \\  hen  bis  Auditory  grew  dull  and  inattentive  be  would,  with 
Bome  pretty  and  unexpected  conceit,  move  them  to  attention. 
Among  the  rest  was  this:  He  read  a  long  Text  in  Hebrew,  where- 
upon all  seemed  to  listen  what  would  come  after  such  strange 
AVords,  as  if  thev  had  taken  it  for  some  conjuration:  then  he 
shewed  their  folly,  that  when  he  spake  English,  whereby  they 
might  be  instructed  and  edified,  they  neglected,  and  hearkened 
not  to  it;  and  now  to  read  Hebrew,  which  they  imderstood  no 
word  of.  they  seem'd  carefid  and  attentive." 

Aylmer,  John.  Musse  Sacra:  sen  Jonas,  Jeremiae, 
Threni.  et  Danijv,  Grteco  redditt^e,  carmine.  Oxon.,  1652. 

Aylmer,  Justin.     Assize  Sermon  :  1  Pet.  ii.  7,  1704. 

Aylmer,  Wm.,  a  convert  from  Popery.  A  Recanta,- 
tion  Scruiuu.  on  2  Pet.  ii.  1,  against  the  errors  of  Popery, 
particularly  Transubstantiation,  *tc.,  Oxon.,  1713. 

Aylofle,  Sir  Joseph,  1709-1781,  adistiuguished  anti- 
quary, was  entered  at  St.  John's  College,  Oxf.  in  1724.  He 
completed  a  Calendar  of  the  Ancient  Charters,  and  of  the 
Scotch  and  AVelsh  Rolls  in  the  Tower  of  London,  (pub. 
Lon.,  17S0,)  commenced  by  the  Rev.  Philip  Morant,  He 
contributed  some  papers  to  the  Archeologia,  {see  vol.  iii., 
pp.  is.i,  2;j'j,  376,)  and  aided  in  editing  second  editions  of 
Hearne's  Leland's  CoUecteana,  his  Liber  Niger,  and  hia 
Curious  Discourses.  Mr.  Thorp  had  the  benefit  of  his  ser- 
vices in  the  publication  of  the  Registrum  Roffense,  in 
1709.  Ho  also  contributed  to  the  publication  of  the  So- 
ciety of  Antiquaries,  and  to  the  Vetusta  Monumenta.  Mr. 
Gough,  referring  to  his  own  Sepulchral  Monuments  of 
Great  Britain,  thus  deplores  the  loss  of  our  author,  to 
whom  he  applies  a  title  which  few  men  better  deserved 
than  Mr.  Gough  himself: 

"  The  Society  of  Antiquaries  have  published  engravings  of  Five 
Monuments  in  'Westminster  Abbey,  with  an  accurate  description 
by  the  MontCiucon  of  Kngland,  the  late  Sir  .Joseph  Ayloffe.  When 
I  reflect  on  his  intimate  acquaintance  with  every  part  of  that 
valuable  structure,  and  the  opportunities  he  had  for  pursuing 
his  inquiries  thiie.  I  am  at  a  loss  whether  to  lament  his  reluctance 
to  continue  what  he  had  so  happily  begun,  or  my  own  presumption 
in  attempting  to  supply  his  knowledge  by  vain  conjectures.  lie 
closed  a  life  devoted  Ui  the  study  of  our  National  Antiquities  be- 
fore three  sheets  of  this  work  had  passed  the  press;  and  it  can 
only  pay  a  tribute  to  his  aliilities." — Nichols's  Literary  Anrcd'iti-s. 

"  His  extensive  knowledge  of  our  national  antiquities  and  mu- 
nicipal rights,  and  the  agreeable  manuL-r  in  which  he  communi- 
cated it  to  his  friends  and  the  publii-,  made  him  sincerely  regretted 
by  all  who  had  the  pleasure  of  his  acquaintance." 

Ayme,  Isaac.  Trichiasis  admodumrara, Ac, Lon. ,16S4. 

Aymes,  John.  A  Rich  Storehouse  for  the  Diseased, 
Lon.,  1070. 

Ayray,  Jas.  A  Sermon  at  the  Spanish  Ambassador's 
Chnpel,  on  John  i.  19,  16S9. 

Ayre,  John.     The  Mystery  of  Godliness,  Lon.,  1837- 

Ayre,  Joseph.  Christian  Philauthro]u.-t's  Pilgrim- 
age ;  a  Poem,  Lou.,  12mo.  Nature  and  Origin  of  Dropsies, 
Svo.  Disorders  of  the  Liver,  8vo.  Treatment  of  Cholera 
by  Calomel,  Svo.     Dropsy  in  the  Brain,  Svo. 

Ayre,  Wm,  Memories  of  Alex.  Pope,  Lon.,  1745; 
Four  Ethic  Epistles  opposing  some  of  Mr.  Pope's  Opinions 
of  Man.,  1752. 

Ayres,  J.  A.     Legends  of  Montauk,  12mo,  N.  Y. 

Ayres,  John.  Works  upon  Arithmetic  and  Writing, 
1693-1700.     The  most  celebrated  penman  of  his  day. 

Ayres,  P.  Emblems  of  Love,  16S7;  Poems,  1687; 
Fables,  Lnn..  16Sy. 

Ayres,  \V.  T.  Notes  on  Blackstone's  Com.,  Dub.,  17S0. 
Severely  criticized  in  the  Lon.  ^Monthly  Review. 

Ayrton,  John.  Pharmacologia,  or  the  History  of 
Medical  Substances.  1818. 

Ayrton,  S.     Practice  in  Bankruptcy,  Lon.,  1840. 

Ayrton,  Edmund,  d.  1808,  an  Eng.  musical  composer, 

Ayscoufih,  Francis.     Sermons  pub.  1736-55. 

Ayscouj;;h,  Geo.  Edward,  edited  the  Works  of 
George,  Lord  Lyttleton,  1744:  pub.  Somiramis,  a  Tra- 
gedy, 1777  ;   Letters  from  an  Ofiicer,  1778. 

Aysconi^h,  Philip.     Sermon.  Rom.  i.  19,  1729,  etc. 

Ayscough,  Saml.,  1745-1804,  a  clergyman,  for  about 
twenty  years  assistant  librarian  in  tho  British  Museum. 
In  1783  Mr.  Ayscough  pub.  Remarks  on  the  Letters  of  an 
American  Farmer,  or  a  Detection  of  the  Errors  of  Mr.  J. 
Hector  St.  John.  Ac.  Charles  Lamb  refers  to  the  work 
reviewed  in  a  letter  in  1805  : 

"  Oh !  tell  Ilazlitt  not  to  forget  to  send  me  the  American  Farmer. 
I  dare  say  it  is  not  so  good  a  book  as  he  fancies ;  but  a  book's  a  book." 

Catalogue  of  the  MSS.  Preserved  in  the  British  Museum, 
hitherto  undescribed,  consisting  of  5000  volumes,  &c., 
Lon.,  1782. 

''This  elaborate  catalogue  is  upon  a  new  plan,  for  the  excellence 
of  whii-h  an  appeal  may  safely  be  made  to  every  visitor  of  the 
Museum  since  the  date  of  its  publication." — CuAUIKRS. 


AYS 


AYS 


Mr.  Ayscough,  Dr.  Maty,  and  Mr.  Harper  each  contri- 
buted a  third  of  the  labour  in  the  preparation  of  Catii- 
logiies  Librurum  Iiupressurum,  qui  in  Museo  Britaunico 
ad  servantur,  2  vols,  folio,  1787. 

In  1790,  Mr.  Stoekdale  pub.  a  new  edition  of  the  works 
of  Shakspeare.  with  a  *'  Copious  Index  to  the  remarkable 
Passages  and  Words,"  by  Mr.  Ayscough.  The  first  octavo 
edition  of  the  great  bard  in  one  volume  was  put  forth  by 
Mr.  Stoekdale  in  1784.  Some  objected  to  the  bulk  of  the 
volume,  and  in  the  above  edition  a  second  title-page  was 
printed  for  the  convenience  of  those  who  chose  to  biud 
the  work  in  two  volumes. 

"But  the  most  valuable  circumstance  attending  this  edition  is 
the  extensive  index  to  Shakspeare,  which  occupies  nearly  700 
pa^es,  .  .  .  Indices,  useful  in  ireueral.  are  still  more  so  in  the  case 
of  such  authors  as  f^hakespeare,  wlinse  lanfruage  has  in  many 
places  become  obsolete  and  oliscure  from  time.  .  .  .  An  index, 
like  the  present,  will  often  be  fnund  to  throw  more  light  on  a  dif- 
ficult passage  of  our  cfU-l, rated  bard,  than  all  his  commentators 
put  totrether." — Lon.  M^mthly  Hericw, 

We  need  hardly  say  that  Mr.  Ayscough's  index,  and  all 
other  works  of  a  similar  character,  have  been  entirely  su- 
perseded by  the  invaluable  Concordance  to  Shakspeare  of 
Mrs.  Mary  Cowdeu  Clarke.  {See  her  name.)  Mr.  Ays- 
cough also  compiled  indexes  for  the  Monthly  Review, 
The  British  Critic,  the  first  56  yearly  volumes  of  the  Gen- 
tleman's Magazine,  &c. 

"His  labours  in  literature  were  of  the  most  useful  cast,  and 
manifested  a  patience  and  assiduity  seldom  to  be  met  with;  and 
his  laborious  exertions  in  the  vast  and  invaluable  library  of  the 
British  Museum,  form  a  strikin^j;  instance  nf  his  zeal  and  indefati- 
gable attention.  He  soon  acpiiivd  tliat  sli-ht  d.-irree  of  knowledge 
in  several  langua^^es.  and  that  tciliniral  knnwledge  of  old  books 
and  of  their  authors,  and  particularly  that  skill  in  decyphering  dif- 
ficult writing,  which  amply  answered  the  most  useful  purposes  of 
the  librarian  as  well  as  the  visiting  scholar." — Chalmers. 

Mr.  Ayscough  died  at  his  apartments  in  the  British  Mu- 
seum, Oct.  30,  1804.  We  avail  ourselves  of  this  oppor- 
tunity to  recommend  most  earnestly  to  all  authors  and 
publishers  the  adoption,  in  all  cases  where  books  are  of 
any  permanent  value,  of  a  copious  index.  Which  of  our 
readers  of  a  literary  turn  has  not,  perhaps  a  dozen  times 
in  a  day,  replaced  a  book  on  its  shelf,  in  disappointment  and 
disgust,  knowing  that  some  passage  was  there  to  which  he 
wished  to  refer,  but  which,  after  an  exhaustion  of  time  and 
patience,  he  was  unable  to  find  from  the  want  of  a  good 
index  ?     It  is  well  remarked  by  the  Lon.  Monthly  Review  : 

"  The  compilation  of  an  index  is  one  of  those  useful  labours  for 
which  the  public,  commonly  better  pleased  with  entertainment 
than  with  real  service,  are  rarely  so  forward  to  express  their  grati- 
tude as  we  think  they  ought  to  be.  It  has  been  considered  as  a 
task  fit  only  for  the  plodding  and  the  dull :  but  with  more  truth, 
it  may  be  said  that  this  is  the  judgment  of  the  idle  and  the  shal- 
low. The  value  of  any  thing,  it  has  been  observed,  is  best  known 
by  the  want  of  it.  Agreeably  to  this  idea,  we,  who  have  often  ex- 
perienced great  inconveniences  from  the  want  of  indices,  entertain 
the  highest  sense  of  their  worth  and  importance.  We  know  that, 
in  the  construction  of  a  good  index,  there  is  tar  more  scope  for  the 
exercise  of  judgment  and  abilities,  than  is  commonly  supposed. 
■\\  e  feel  the  merits  of  the  compiler  of  such  an  index,  and  we  are 
ever  ready  to  testify  our  thankfulness  for  his  exertions." 

Authors  and  editors  are  often  deterred  from  making  an 
index  by  the  fear  of  labour:  but  this  is  no  excuse;  if  the 
book  be  worth  publishing,  it  is  worth  an  index,  and  the 
labour  can  be  much  reduced  by  system. 

"  A  youth  of  IS  has  transcribed  the  whole  of  Xenophon's  Cyri 
Expeditio.  in  order  to  an  Index;  and  has  entered  upon  Thucy- 
dides  for  the  same  purpose.  Another  young  man  here  has  attacked 
Harduin's  folio  edition  of  Themistius:  aiid  the  senior  youths  of 
Magdalen  School  in  Oxford  are  jointly  composing  an  Index  to  the 
first  volume  of  Dr.  Battles  Isocrates.  .  .  .  Give  me  leave  to  ob- 
serve to  you  that  experience  has  shown  us  a  wav  of  saving  much 
time  (perhaps  more  than  half  of  the  whole  time  required)  in  trans- 
cribing an  Author  for  an  Index,  by  first  transcribing  all  the  words 
of  a  page,  and  then  getting  down  the  number  of  thepaireand  line 
after  each  word  of  the  page,  instead  of  adding  the  number  imme- 
diately as  each  word  is  written."  (The  learned  Mr.  Merrick  in  a 
letter  to  Dr.  W  barton.) — Nichols's  Literary  Anecdotes-,  vol.  iv. 

The  following  remarks  abundantly  support  our  position  : 

"  Those  authors,  whose  subjects  require  them  to  be  voluminous, 
wdl  do  well,  if  they  would  be  remembered  as  long  as  possible,  not 
to  omit  a  duty  which  authors  in  treneral,  but  especially  modern 
authurs.  are  too  apt  to  neglect— that  of  appending  to  their  works 
a  good  mdex.  For  their  deplorable  deficiencies  in  this  respect, 
Proft-ssor  De  Morgan,  speaking  of  historians,  assigns  the  curious 
reason,  '  that  they  think  to  oblige  their  readers  to  go  throu<-h  them 
from  bemnning  to  end.  by  making  this  the  only  wav  of  coming  at 
the  contents  of  their  volumes.  Thev  are  much  mistaken;  and 
they  might  learn  from  their  own  mode  of  dealing  with  the  writ- 
ings of  others,  how  their  own  will  he  used  in  turn.'  We  think 
that  the  unwise  indolence  of  authors  has  probably  had  much  more 
to  do  with  the  matter  than  the  reason  thus  humorously  assigned ; 
hut  the  fact  which  he  proceeds  to  mention  is  incontestably  true! 

*l\0  WRITER  (of  this  class)  is  so  MrCH  READ   AS  THE  ONE  WHo'maKKS 

A  GOOD  ixDEx.— OR  SO  MDCH  cited."'~Henrt  Eogers:  The  Vamlu 
and  Glory  of  LiU'rature. 

Among  modern  works  which  might  be  mentioned  as 
presenting  copious  indexes  are  Ball's  edition  of  Robert- 


son's Works,  Lon.,  1840;  Westley  and  Davis's  edition  of 
Gibbon's  Decline  and  Fall,  Lon.,  1S;J7  ;  some  of  the  publi- 
cations of  that  enterprising  bibliopole,  H.  G.  Bohn,  and 
many  other  works  that  might  be  cited.  But  of  all  full  in- 
dexes within  our  knowledge,  commend  us  to  that  appended 
to  Nichols's  Literary  Anecdotes,  where  to  eight  volumes 
of  text  we  have  mure  than  fourteen  hundred  columns 
of  index!  This  scale  is,  of  course,  too  vast  for  general 
imitation,  but  it  teaches  a  lesson  to  those  who  content 
themselves  with  giving  a  few  lines  of  index  to  a  vast  body 
of  text!  But  the  greatest  example  of  zeal  in  this  line  on 
record — the  first  index-maker  in  the  world — is  the  Briti.sh 
House  of  Commons!  In  1778  there  were  paid  for  compil-' 
ing  indexes  to  the  Journals  of  the  House  of  Commons,  the 
following  sums:  To  Mr.  Edward  Moore,  £6,400  as  a  final 
compensation  for  thirteen  years'  labour;  Rev.  Mr.  Forster, 
£o,000  for  nine  years'  ditto;  Rev.  Dr.  Roger  Flaxman, 
£3,000  for  nine  years'  ditto ;  and  to  Mr.  Cunningham,  £500 
in  part  for  ditto  ;  making  a  total  of  £12,900  !  Nor  is  this 
the  end  thereof.  For  we  may  say  with  Nestor — in  another 
sense — 

"  In  such  iv(!e.rcs,  although  small 
To  their  subsequent  volumes,  there  is  seen 
The  baby  figure  of  the  giant  mass 
Of  things  to  come,  at  large." — Troilus  and  Oressida. 

To  quote  the  same  author,  give  us  a  good  "index,"  and 
we  will  almost  excuse  an  "  obscure  prologue."  Of  course, 
like  all  good  things,  indexes  may  be  abused;  the  pretender 
will  make  them  the  end  of  his  journey,  whilst  to  the  true 
student  they  will  be  merely  the  sign-posts  of  the  road; 
such  charlatans  they  were,  who  two  centuries  since  excited 
the  ire  of  Joseph  Glanville,  and  caused  him  to  exclaim : 

"  Methinks  His  a  pitiful  piece  of  knowledge,  that  can  be  harnt 
from  an  index ;  and  a  poor  ambition  to  be  rich  in  the  inventory  of 
another's  treasure." — The  Vaniti/  of  Dogmntizing. 

Pope,  too,  tells  us 

"  How  index-learning  turns  no  student  pale, 
Yet  holds  the  eel  of  science  by  the  tail." — Dunciad,  B.  2. 

But  we  doubt  if  much  harm  was  ever  done  in  this  way. 
The  very  ambition  thus  censured  may  lead  to  real  acqui- 
sition, and  often  has.  Watts  appreciated  a  good  index  so 
highly,  that  he  tells  his  reader, 

'•  If  a  book  has  no  index  or  good  table  of  contents,  'tis  very  use- 
ful to  make  one  as  you  are  reading  it." 

We  may  conclude  this  rather  prolix  (we  hope  it  may 
prove  to  be  a  useful)  article,  by  citing  the  authority  of  a 
man  of  letters,  who  was  never  excelled  for  a  practical  com- 
mon-sense view  of  subjects  which  engaged  his  attention. 

Dr.  Johnson  to  Richardson  respecting  a  new  edition  of 
Clarissa : 

"  I  wish  you  would  add  an  index  rerum^  that  when  the  reader 
recollects  any  incident,  he  may  easily  find  it,  which  at  present  he 
cannot  do,  unless  he  knows  in  which  volume  it  is  told:  for  Clarissa 
is  not  a  performance  to  be  read  with  eagerness,  and  laid  aside  for- 
ever; but  will  be  occasionally  consulted  by  the  busy,  the  aged, 
and  the  studious;  and  therefore  I  beg  that  this  edition,  by  which 
I  suppose  posterity  is  to  abide,  may  want  nothing  that  can  fecili- 
tate  its  use.  I  am,  sir,  yours,  &c.,       Sam.  Johnson." 

It  was  excellently  said  by  the  learned  Michael  Mattaire 
— a  Corypheus  of  index-makers  himself; 

"Non  est  acutissimi.  fateor.  ingenii,  non  altissims  eruditionis, 
Indices  contexere.  Majorem  tamen  nil  molestiam  editori.  nil  lec- 
tori utilitatem  affert;  cumque  rei  cujuslilit  necessitas  ex  ipsius 
utilitate  oriatur.  et  in  eadem  consistat;  quidni  affirmem  nihil  fere 
esse  magis  necessarium  ?  Non  itacjue  sum  sollicitus.  quantillo  esse 
ingenio,  quam  parum  eruditione  videar  valere.  dum  literatorum 
coumiodis  ((Unnidducunque  inserviam.  In  construendis  a-dibus. 
operarius  li;ija]nsi|ue,  non  minus  architecto  prodest."— jl/a«t(j"jf;'s 
iLj'ist.  ad  1>.  }\  Des  Maizmiu^ ;  cited  at  large  in  vol.  iv.  pp.  5Gi- 
605  of  Nichols's  Literary  Anecdotes. 

That  true  worthy.  Fuller — Thomas  the  quaint^gives  his 
testimony  on  the  same  side  : 

"An  Index  is  a  necessary  implement  and  no  impediment  of  a 
book,  except  in  the  same  sense  wherein  the  Cari-iages  of  an  Army 
are  termed  Impediments.  Without  this,  a  large  Author  is  but  a 
labyrinth,  without  a  clue  to  direct  the  Header  therein.  I  confess, 
there  is  a  lazy  kind  of  Learning  which  is  only  indicol :  when 
Scholars  (like  Adders  which  onely  bite  the  Horse-heels)  nible  but 
at  the  Tables,  which  are  calces  lihrortim.  neglecting  the  body  of  the 
Book.  But.  though  ihff  idle  deserve  no  crutches,  (let  not  a'stafl'  be 
used  by  them,  but  oji  them.)  pity  it  is  the  weary  should  be  denied 
the  benefit  thereof,  aud  industrious  Scholars  prohibited  the  accom- 
modation of  an  Index,  most  used  by  those  who  most  pretend  to 
contemn  it." — Wiiihies. 

The  index  to  Nicholas  Antonio's  Bibliotheca  of  Spanish 
Writers  has  received  great  commendation: 

"I  have  quoted  Mr.  Baillet.  who  shews  the  value  of  it  particu- 
larly. He  had  good  reason  for  recommending  even  the  Indexes, 
for  they  are  very  well  formed  and  usefid.  The  Author  has  added 
a  short  preface  to  them,  which  shews  his  excellent  taste  and  judo-- 
ment ;  he  has  quoted  there  the  thought  of  a  Spanish  writer.  Indl- 
cem  Libri  ab  Autore.  Librum  ipsum  a  quovis  alio  conficiendum 
esse.  '  An  Author  ought  to  make  the  Index  to  his  book,  whereas 
the  book  itself  may  be  wiitten  by  any  person  else.'  The  contrary 
method  is  generally  taken ;  Authors  refer  to  others  the  pains  of 
making  alphabetical  Indexes;  and  it  must  be  owned   that  those 


AYS 

Gentlemen  who  are  not  patient  of  labour,  and  whose  talent  con- 
sists only  in  the  fire  and  vivacity  of  imagination,  had  niut-h  better 
let  others  make  the  Index  to  their  works;  but  aman  of  jud':rment 
and  application  will  succeed  incomparably  better  in  composinir  the 
Tables  to  his  own  writings,  than  a  stmn'^er  can.  There  miL'ht  he 
a  variety  of  good  directions  griven  for  the  compositi^m  of  these  Ta- 
bles, which  may  be  Justly  called  the  soul  of  books.'"— Bu-i.k. 

When  Baillet  lauded  Antonio's  Index,  he  was  like  an 
epicure,  who  comDaends  the  dish  which  tickles  his  own 
palate.  Baillet  was  such  an  admirer  of  a  irood  plurap 
Index,  that  when  Hermant  had  him  snugly  in.«talled  as 
Librarian  to  M.  De  Lamoignon,  the  uncouth  helho  Uhro- 
rum  sets  to  work  to  make  an  Index,  and  an  Index  Rerum 
at  that ! 

"Though  troubled  with  a  great  pain  in  his  le^js.  which  some- 
times grew  very  violent,  and  notwithstantlinir  the  manv  visits  he 
received,  which  continually  interrupted  his  labouis.  he  applied 
himself  with  so  much  diligence  to  the  drawing  np  of  an  Index 
of  all  the  subjects  treated  of  in  the  books  in  M.  De  I^amoignon's 
library,  that  he  finished  it  in  Au-^'ust,  1GS2,  [about  two  years'  la- 
bour.] That  Index  grew  to  such  a  length,  by  the  additions  he 
continued  to  make  to  it,  that  it  contains  thirty  five  volumes  in 
folio,  all  written  by  M.  Baillet  himself.  When' he  had  finished 
that  laborious,  but  useful,  work,  he  wrote  a  Latin  preface  to  it, 
which  he  published.  We  find  there  an  account  of  the  manner  in 
which  he  drew  up  that  Index.  lie  promised  in  the  same  place  to 
write  an  Index,  or  Catalogue,  of  all  the  authors,  whose  books 
were  in  M.  De  Lamoignon's  library." 

Gruter's  great  work  on  Inscriptions — Inseriptiones  an- 
tiquEe  totius  orbis  romani  in  absoluti.«sinium  corpus  re- 
dactff.  (1st  edit.,  Heidelberg.  1602) — was  not  only  greatly 
aided  by  Scaliger,  but  so  anxious  was  this  eminent  scho- 
lar that  the  work  should  be  complete,  that  he  devoted  ten 
months  to  writing  an  index  of  24  classes. 

"If  it  appears  surprising  that  so  great  a  man  should  undertake 
so  laborious  a  task,  and  which  seemed  so  much  below  him.  we 
ought  to  consider  that  such  Indexes  cannot  be  made  but  bv  a 
very  able  man.  To  succeed  in  that  task,  it  is  necessary  to  under- 
stand perfectly  the  inscriptions,  and  know  how  to  distinguish 
what  is  peculiar  from  what  is  common:  and  sometimes  to  illus- 
trate them  by  .'iome  remarks,  and  explain  the  sense,  not  only  of 
words,  of  which  there  remain  but  one  or  two  syllables,  but  even 
of  single  letters." — Le  Clerc  :  BihJinfh.  Cfim'sie. 

After  finishing  his  Index,  Scaliger  wrote  the  following 
epigram : 

'■  Si  ijuem  dura  manet  sententia  -Tudicis.  olim 
Damnatum  rerumnis  suppliciisique  caput; 
Ilune  ner|ue  fubrili  lassent  Krirastula  massa, 
Nee  rigidas  vexent  fossa  metalla  manus. 
Lexica  contexat :  nam  cetera  quid  moror?  omnes 
Pa'narum  facies  his  labor  unus  habft." 

Le  Clere  truly  hints  that  it  is  not  every  man  that  can 
write,  who  is  capable  of  making  an  Index :  we  have  an 
amusing  instance  of  the  evils  resulting  from  carelessness 
in  this  matter,  in  the  case  of 

"The  writer  who  drew  up  the  Index  to  Belechamp's  Athenaeus. 
who  says  that  Euripides  lost  in  one  day.  his  wife.  t%vo  sons,  and 
a  daughter,  and  refers  us  to  page  60.  where  nothing  like  this  is 
found:  but  we  find  in  p.age  (il.  that  Euripides  going  to  Tcaria, 
wrote  an  epigram  on  a  disaster  that  happened  at  a  pea.'^int's house, 
where  a  woman,  with  her  two  sous  and  a  daughter,  died  by  eating 
of  mushrooms.  Judge,  from  this  instance,  what  hazards  those  run 
who  rely  on  Index-makers." — Batle, 

This  only  proves  that  we  must  have  good  Index-makers, 
not  that  we  must  do  without  such  aids. 

Ayscu,  Edward.     See  Asctt. 

Ayshford,  Henry,  M.D.  Tabular  Views  of  the 
Anatomy  of  the  Tlunian  Body.  Lou..  1810. 

Ayton,  Richard,  A  Voyage  round  Great  Britain, 
undertaken  in  the  Summer  of  1S13,  and  commencing 
with  the  Land's  End.  in  Cornwall;  the  views  taken  by 
William  Daniel.  A.R.A.,  1S14. 

Ayton,  or  Aytoun,  Sir  Robert,  1570-16.3S.  a  na- 
tive of  Fifeshire.  in  Scotland,  was  the  author  of  poetical 
pieces  in  several  languages,  viz.  :  Greek,  Latin.  French, 
and  English.  Among  his  productions  are  the  following: 
1.  Ad  Jacobum  VI.  Britanniarum  Regem,  Angliam  peten- 
tem,  Panegyris,  p.  40  inter  Delitias  ipoetarum  Scotorum, 
edit,  ab  Arturo  Jonstouo.  Amst.,  1637,  Svo.  2.  Basia, 
sive  strena  ad  Jacobum  Ilaynm,  equitem  illustrissimum, 
p.  54.  3.  Lessus  in  Funere  Raphaelis  Thorei,  Medici,  ct 
Poetse  pnetantissimi,  Loudini  pestc  extincti,  p.  61,  ibid. 
4.  Carina  Caro,  p.  63,  ib.  5.  De  Proditioue  Pulverea, 
qu£E  inciditin  diem  Martis,  p.  65,  ib.  6.  Gratinrura  Actio, 
cum  in  privatum  Cubiculum  admitteretur,  p.  66.  ibid.  7. 
Epigramraata  Varia,  ib.  S.  Tn  Obitum  Ducis  Bucking- 
amii,  a  Filtono  cultro  extincti.  M.D.C. XXVIII.  p.  74,  ibid. 

Sir  Robert  was  educated  at  St.  Andrew's.  He  was  em- 
ployed both  at  home  and  abroad  in  the  service  of  -Tames  I. 
and  Ch.arles  I.  He  was  knighted  by  King  James,  and  ap- 
pointed by  him  one  of  the  gentlemen  of  his  bed-chamber. 
and  private  secretary  to  bi^  (|ueen.  Ben  .Tonson  declared 
to  Drummond  that  Sir  Robert  had  an  affection  for  him, 
(Jonson.)  Some  of  his  English  pieces,  which  have  been 
highly  commended  for  their  style,  were  published  in  Wat- 
SB 


AYT 

son's  Collection  of  Scottish  Poems,  (1706-11.)  Aubrey 
remarks  that  Mr.  John  Dryden  has  seen  verses  of  his, 
some  of  the  best  of  that  age,  printed  with  some  other 
verses.  *'  Aubrey  further  states  that  he  was  acquainted 
with  all  the  wits  of  his  time  in  England."  He  died  at 
London,  March.  1638,  and  was  buried  in  Westminster 
Abbey,  under  a  handsome  monument  of  black  marble. 

Aytoun,  WiHiam  Edmondstoune,  b.  1S13.  is  a 
member  of  the  Edinburgh  bar.  lie  succeeded  Mr.  Moir 
as  Professor  of  Literature  and  Belles  Lettres  in  the  Univer- 
sity of  Edinburgh,  where  his  lectures,  distinguished  by 
great  ability  and  correct  literary  taste,  are  in  high  estima- 
tion. He  is  now  editor  of  that  sterling  periodical,  Black- 
wood's Edinburgh  Magazine,  to  which  he  has  long  been  a 
Vitlued  contributor.    A'um  (/t  yj/dwe  Augustus  Dun^hunner. 

Mr.  Aytoun  married  a  daughter  of  the  gentleman  who 
for  so  many  years  delighted  the  literary  world  as  con- 
ductor of  Blackwood — Christopher  North,  aliaa  Professor 
Wilson. 

■•  At  the  time  of  the  railway  mania  he  flung  off  a  series  of  pa- 
pers, the  first  entitled  'How  we  got  up  the  Glen  Mutchkin  Rail- 
way.' descriptive  of  the  doinRS  in  the  Capel  Court  of  l-dinbur^'h 
and  (;ias.y;ow;  papers  which  for  broad,  vigorous  humour,  and  feli- 
litous  settings  forth  of  genuine  Scotch  character,  are  almost  uuri- 
valled.^'— J/fn  of  the  Tune. 

Mr.  Aytoun  wrote  many  pieces  in  the  Book  of  Ballads, 
edited  by  Bon  Gaultier,  a  «o;»  de  plume  under  which  he 
and  Mr.  Theodore  Martin  have  contributed  to  a  number  of 
periodicals.  1.  Lays  of  the  Scottish  Cavaliers,  and  other 
Poems,  Lon.  and  Edin.,  1S49.  The  popularity  of  thia 
work  is  evinced  by  its  having  reached  its  10th  ed.  in 
1807.     It  has  been  printed  in  America. 

■  I'rnfessor  Aytoun  has  appreciated  the  wealth  of  his  country's 
history  in  themes  fur  the  historical  ballad.  .  .  .  In  the  volume  now 
before  us,  he  puts  forth  a  sustained  power,  which,  in  our  estima- 
tion, places  him  in  the  foremost  rank  of  the  poets  of  his  time.  His 
lays  combine  the  best  iiualilies  of  Macaulay  aud  of  William  Miiller. 
They  have  all  the  histoiie  truth  and  picturesque  force  of  the  former, 
with  all  the  poetic  fire  and  stately  march  of  the  latter.  We  feel,  in 
reading  these  lays,  that  we  are  dealinjr.  not  with  shadows,  but  with 
living  men.  We  are  swept  back  into  the  stirring  times  of  old, 
when  bi-ave  hearts  and  his^h  souls  declared  themselves  in  brave 
deeds: — when  honour,  self-denial,  devotion,  were  living  things; — 
when  patriotism  and  loyalty  were  active  principles,  and  the  wor- 
ship of  mammon  had  not  shrivelled  \ip  the  sons  of  men  into  self- 
seeking  and  sordid  pride.  We  thank  the  poet  who  elevated  out 
soul  by  a  noble  thought — by  a  delineation  of  some  generous  and 
lofty  nature,  woven  from  the  visions  of  his  own  brain.  We  doubly 
thank  him  who  liuks  noble  thoughts  and  noble  deeds  with  some 
great  historic  name : — who  places  the  hero  living  before  us,  till  we 
can  read  his  eye.  aud  hear  his  voice,  and  be  swayed  by  his  in- 
fluence. But  above  all  do  we  thank  him  when  he  rescues  some 
great  name  from  dishonour,  and  drowns  the  slander  forever  in  the 
torrent  of  our  sympathies.  This  Professor  Aytoun  has  done  for 
two  of  the  noblest,  yet  most  misrepresented,  names  in  i^cottish 
annals.  -The  Execution  of  Montrose'  and  "The  Eurial  March  of 
Dundee,'  are  tributes  of  histoi'ical  as  well  as  of  poetical  justice  to 
the  two  men  of  all  others  the  most  conspicuous  for  chivalrous  vir- 
tue in  the  annals  of  modern  Europe." — Dublin  Universiti/  Maga- 
zine, xxxiii.  215. 

"  The  lays  before  us  possess  fluency,  vigour,  and  movement, 
with  an  elevation  of  mind  which  is  historical,  if  not  poetical;  they 
\\:iw  the  piilish  and  the  skill  in  the  use  of  figures  which  might  be 
(■X|)''L'tfd  tVom  the  professor  of  rhetoric  aud  belles  lettres;  they  are 
animated  by  the  sentiment  of  .Tacolatism  which  is  reviving  among 
.1  cei-tain  class  of  well-minded  snbjrfts  of  Queen  Victoria;  and 
they  not  only  displ.ay  the  common  knowledge  of  history,  but  show, 
in  the  prose  introductions,  that  Mr.  Aytoun  has  investigated  and 
thought  for  himself." — Lfindnn  SpecUitor. 

"  Professor  .\ytoun  h.as  selected  his  ballad  themes  from  striking 
incidents  and  from  stirring  scenes  in  our  mediaeval  .Scottish  histo- 
ry: some  remote  as  the  field  of  Flodden;  others  as  recent  as  that 
of  Brummossie  Muir;  and  he  has  thrown  over  them  the  light  of 
an  imagination  at  once  picturesque  and  powerful.  .  .  .  The  perfer- 
vidum  ingenium  Protnrum — that  burning,  irrepressible  energy  of 
character  which,  whether  directed  towards  good  or  towards  evil, 
has  ever  distinguished  our  country — breathes  throughout  all  his 
Lavs,  and  lends  even  to  stern  tact  the  etherealizing  hues  of  fiction."' 
— T>.  M.  IMom:  Sketc?ies  of  the  Fbeticat  Literature  of  the  Fiist  Half- 
avtin-ij. 

'■  Finer  ballads  than  these,  we  are  bold  to  say,  are  not  to  be  found 
in  the  language." — Lf/ndon  Times. 

"  A  volume  of  verse  which  shows  that  Scotland  has  yet  a  poet. 
Full  of  the  true  fire,  it  now  stirs  and  swells  like  a  trumpet  tone — 
now  sinks  in  cadences  sad  and  wild  as  the  wail  of  a  Highland 
dir^e." — Lon.  QuarttTl}/  i?fciVi«. 

2.  Fermilian  ;  a  Spasmodic  Tragedy,  by  T.  Percy  Jones, 
1854,  Edin.  and  Lon.,  12mo. 

"  It  is  designed  to  satirize  some  modem  manifestations  of  a  most 
false  and  extravagant  taste  in  poetry;  and,  although  the  parody 
is  somewhat  long  and  elaborate,  there  runs  throughout  such  a 
happy  vein  of  humour,  and  the  harmony  of  the  verse  is  so  full 
and  tlowing,  that  the  reader's  interest  is  never  allowed  to  flag." — 
JVedin.  li^\'.,  Oct.  1S54. 

3.  Poland,  aud  other  Poems.  4.  Bothwell ;  a  Poem; 
2d  ed..  1856,  Svo.  5.  Life  and  Times  of  Richard  the 
First.  King  of  England,  1840,  Svo.  (i.  Ballads  of  Scot- 
laud,  2  vols.  fp.  Svo,  1858.     See  Lon.  Athen.,  1858,  43. 


BAB 


BAB 


B. 


Babbage,  Charles,  b.  1790,  an  eminent  mathe- 
matician, tjntcreil  at  Trinity  CuUei^e,  Camljridge,  where  he 
took  his  dL';^refs, — that  ut'  B.A.  in  181-4;  was  appointed 
Lucasian  Pn>fL'3sor  in  the  Univ.  of"  Camb.,  1S2S;  resigned 
in  1839  ;  a  member  of  the  principal  scientific  societies  of 
the  workl.  Fur  a  full  account  of  Mr.  Babbage's  Calculating 
Machine,  sec  Calculating  Machines, — Division  Arts  and 
Sciences,  English  Cyclopedia.  The  following  complete 
list  of  his  writings  has  been  prepared  with  care: 

1.  The  I'refiice,  joiDtly  with  Sir  John  Ilerschel;  and  (2)  Con- 
tinued Products,  in  Mt-moirs  of  the  Analytical  Society,  4to,  Camb., 
1813.  3.  Essay  towards  the  Calcuhis  of  Functions ;  Phil.  Trans., 
1815.  4.  Essay  tttwards  the  Calculus  of  Functiona,  Pt.  2;  Phil. 
Trans.,  1816.  5.  Demonstrations  of  some  of  Dr.  Matthew  Stewart's 
General  Theorems  ;  to  which  is  added  an  Account  of  some  New 
Properties  of  the  Circle;  Iluy.  Inst.  Jour.,  1816,  vol.  i.  6,  Observa- 
tions on  the  Anal-  'gy  wliich  subsists  between  the  Calculus  of  Func- 
tions and  other  Branches  of  Analysis;  Phil.  Trans.,  1817.  7.  Solu- 
tion of  some  Problems  by  means  of  the  Calculus  of  Functions; 
Roy.  Inst.  Jour.,  1817.  8.  Note  respecting  Elimination;  Itoy. 
Inst.  Jour.,  1817,  p.  355.  9.  Account  of  Euler's  Method  of  Solnng 
a  Problem  relating  to  the  Knight's  Move  at  Chess;  Roy.  Inst. 
Jour.,  1817.  10.  Some  New  Methods  of  Investigating  the  Sums 
of  Several  Classes  of  Infinite  Series;  Phil.  Trans.,  1819.  11.  Demon- 
stration of  a  Theorem  relating  to  Prime  Numbers;  Edin.  Phil. 
Jour.,  1819.  12.  Examination  of  some  Questions  connected  with 
Games  of  Chance;  Trans,  of  Roy.  Soc.  of  Edin.,  1820,  vol.  ix.  13. 
Observations  on  the  Notation  employed  in  the  Calculus  of  Func- 
tions; Trans,  of  Camb.  Phil.  Soc,  1820,  vol.  i.  14.  Application  of 
Analysis,  &c.  to  the  Discovery  of  Local  Theorems  and  Porisms; 
Trans,  of  Roy.  Soc.  of  Edin.,  vol.  is.  15.  Letter  to  Sir  H.  Davy, 
P.R.S.,  on  the  Applicjition  uf  Machinery  to  the  Purpose  of  Calcu- 
lating and  Printing  Mathematical  Tallies,  4to,  July,  1822.  10. 
Note  respecting  the  Application  of  Machinery  to  the  Calculation 
of  Mathematical  Tables ;  Memoirs  of  the  Astrou.  Soc,  June,  1822. 
vol.  i.  17.  Theoretical  Principles  of  the  Machinery  for  Calculating 
Tables;  Brewster's  Edin.  Jour,  of  Science,  1823,  vol.  viii.  18.5*b- 
servations  on  tlie  Application  of  Machinery  to  the  Computations 
of  Mathematical  Tables.  Dec.  1822;  .Memoirs  of  Astron.  Soc,  1824. 
vol.  i.  19.  Determination  of  the  General  Term  of  a  New  Class  of 
Infinite  Series  ;  Trans.  Camb.  Phil.  Soc,  1824,  vol.  ii.  20.  Observa- 
tions on  the  Measurement  of  Heights  by  the  Barometer;  Brew- 
ster's Edin.  Jour,  of  Science,  1824.  21.  Account  of  the  Repetitiun 
of  M.  Arago's  Experiments  on  the  Magnetism  Manifested  bv  Va- 
rious Substances  during  Rotation,  by  C.  Babbage,  Esq.,  ami  Sir 
John  Herschel,  Bart.;  Phil.  Trans..  1825.  22.  Diving-Bell;  Encyc. 
Metrop..  1826.  23.  Electric  and  Magnetic  Rotation;  Phil.  Trans.. 
1826,  vol.  ii.  24.  Method  of  Expressing  by  Signs  the  Action  of 
Machinery;  Phil.  Trans.,  1826,  vol.  ii.  25.  Influence  of  Signs  in 
Mathemarical  Reasoning;  Trans.  Camb.  Phil.  Soc,  1826,  vol.  ii. 
26.  Notation;  Edin.  Encyc  27.  Porisms;  Edin.  Encyc.  28.  Trans- 
lation of  the  Differential  and  Integral  Calculus  of  La  Croix,  1  vol. 
29.  E.xamples  to  the  Differential  and  Integral  Calculus,  2  vols.  8vo. 
These  two  works  were  executed  in  conjunction  with  the  Rev.  G. 
Peacock,  Dean  of  Ely.  and  Sir  John  Herschel,  Bart.  30.  Compara- 
tive View  of  the  Different  Institutions  for  the  Assurance  of  Life, 
8vo,  1826.  A  German  translation  of  this  work  was  published  for 
the  purpose  of  establishing  at  Gotha  a  society  for  the  assurance  of 
lives.  31.  A  Table  of  the  Logarithms  uf  the  Natural  Numbers, 
from  1  to  108,000,  8vo.  1826.  These  logarithms  were  used  by  the 
computers  in  the  whole  of  the  trigonometric  survey  of  Ireland, 
and  in  that  part  of  the  English  survey  subsequent  to  their  publica- 
tion. There  have  been  several  impressions  on  different-coloured 
paper. — white,  yellow,  and  fawu.  Editions  also  have  been  pub- 
lished on  white,  yellow,  and  gieen  paper,  with  the  Preface  and  In- 
troduction translated  into  the  German  and  Hungarian  langriages, 
1834.  32.  Notice  respecting  some  Errors  common  to  many  Tables 
Of  Logarithms;  Mem.  Astron.  Soc,  4to,  1827,  vol.  iii.  33.  Essay 
on  the  General  Principles  which  Regulate  the  Application  of  Ma- 
chinery; Encyc.  Metrop.  34.  Reflections  on  the  Decline  of  Science 
in  England,  .nnd  on  some  of  its  Causes.  4to  and  8vo,  1830.  35. 
Examples  of  the  Solution  of  Functional  Equations,  8vo.  36.  Sketch 
of  the  Philosophical  Characters  of  Dr.  Wollaston  and  Sir  H.  Davy; 
extracted  from  the  Decline  of  Science.  37.  Letter  to  T.  P.  Couite- 
nay  on  the  Proportion  of  Births  of  the  two  Sexes  amongst  Legiti- 
mate and  Illegitimate  Children:  Brewster's  Edin.  Jonr.  of  Science, 
vol.  ii.,  1829.  38.  Economy  of  Manufactures  and  Machinery,  8vo, 
1832;  4th  ed.  There  are  American  reprints,  and  several  transla- 
tions of  this  woik  into  German,  French.  Italian,  Spanish,  and 
Russian.  39.  Letter  to  Sir  David  Brewster  on  the  Advantwge  of  a 
Collection  of  the  Constants  of  Nature  and  Art;  Brewster's"  Edin. 
Jour,  of  Science.  1832,  vol.  vi.  p.  334.  Reprinted  by  order  of  the 
Briti.sh  Association  for  the  Promotion  of  Science,  Camb.,  1833.  See 
also  pp.  484,  490.— Report  of  the  Third  Meetin;;  of  the  British  As- 
Bociation.  40.  Letter,  written  in  Cvpli'-r.  from  .Mr.  Abraham  Sharp 
to  Mr.  J.  Crostbw;,it.  2.1  K.b.  1721-JJ.  n-bitiv  tn  a  Suipposed  Error 
In  the  Division  »t'  tlie  Mural  Arc  at  (Jn-rnwicli.  D.-cyjiliered  by  Mr. 
Babbage.  See  Life  of  Flanisteed  by  Mr.  F.  Baily."  Appendix,  pp. 
34S,  390.  4to,  1835.  41.  Specimen  of  Logarithmic  Tables,  printed 
with  different-coloured  inks  and  on  variously- colon  red  papers,  in 
21  vols.  8vo,  Lon.,  1831. 

The  object  of  this  work,  of  which  one  single  copy  only  was 
printed,  is  to  ascertain  by  experiment  the  tints  of  the  paper  and 
colours  of  the  inks  le.ist  fatiguing  to  the  eye. 

One  hundred  and  fifty-one  variously-coloured  papers  were 
chosen,  and  the  same  two  pages  of  my  stereotype  Table  of  Loga- 


rithms were  printed  upon  them  in  inks  of  the  following  colonra: 
light  blue,  dark  bhie,  light  green,  dark  green,  olive,  yellow,  hght 
red,  dark  red.  purple,  and  black. 

Each  of  these  twenty  volumes  contains  papers  of  the  same 
colour,  numbered  in  the  same  order;  and  there  are  two  volumes 
printed  with  each  kind  of  ink. 

The  twenty-first  volume  contains  metallic  printing  of  the  same 
specimen  in  gold,  silver,  and  copjjer,  upon  vellum  and  on  va- 
riuu.'ily-coloured  papers. 

For  the  same  pui-pose,  about  thirty-five  copies  of  the  complete 
table  of  logarithms  were  printed  on  thick  drawing-paper  of  various 
tints. 

An  account  of  this  work  may  be  foimd  in  the  Edin.  Jour,  of 
Science.  (Brewster's,)  1832,  vol.  vi.  p.  144. 

42.  Barometrical  Observations  made  at  the  Fall  of  the  Staul>- 
bach,  by  .Sir  John  Herschel,  Bart.,  and  C.  Babbage.  Esq.;  Brew- 
ster's Edin.  Jonr.  of  Science,  1832,  vol.  vi.  p.  224.  43.  The  Ninth 
Bridgcwater  Treatise,  8vo,  May,  1837 ;  2d  ed-  Jan.  1838.  44. 
Essay  on  the  Principles  of  Tools  for  Turning  and  Planing  Metals, 
(inserted  in  the  second  volume  of  Turning  and  Mechanical  Mani- 
pulation of  Charles  Holtzapfel.)  1846.  45.  Observations  on  the 
Temple  of  Serapis  at  Pozzuoli,  near  Naples,  with  an  attempt  to 
explain  the  causes  of  the  frequent  elevation  and  depression  of 
large  portions  of  the  earth's  surface  in  remote  periods,  and  to 
prove  that  those  causes  continue  in  action  at  the  present  time; 
Proceedings  of  the  Geological  Society,  1847.  46.  The  same  Me- 
moir, with  a  Supplement,— ConJHctures  on  the  Physical  Condition 
of  the  Surface  of  the  Moon.  Svo:  privately  printed",  1847.  47.  The 
Exposition  of  1S51 ;  or.  Views  of  the  Industry,  Science,  and  Qw 
vernment  of  England,  1851,  Svo. 

Babeock,  J.  S.     Visions  and  Voices,  12mo,  Hart. 

Babcr,  Ucv.  H.  H.  WicklifTc's  Trans,  of  the  New- 
Testament,  Lou..  1811.  Psalterium  Gr^ecum,  a  Codice 
MS.  Alexandrino,  Lon..  1812.  Mr.  Eaher  published  this 
(by  subscription)  as  a  portion  of  the  remainder  of  the  task 
left  unfinished  liy  Woide.  Twelve  copies  were  printed 
upon  vellum,  to  match  with  the  same  number  of  vellum 
copies  of  the  New  Testament  published  by  his  predeces- 
sor. Mr.  Baber,  with  praiseworthy  zeal,  was  desirous  of 
completing  tho  Old  Testament;  but  this  "enterprise  of 
great  pith  and  moment"  was  more  than  Mr.  Baber  could 
himself,  with  any  propriety,  he  expected  to  assume.  The 
trustees  of  the  British  Museum  applied  to  Parliament  for 
protection  in  supplying  the  means  to  complete  the  under- 
taking. Tho  application  was  successful :  and  this  great 
work — Vetus  Testamentum  Gra^cum  ex  Cod.  MS.  Alexan- 
drino. cura  et  labore  H.  II.  Baber,  A.M. — was  completed 
in  1828,  (1816-28,)  in  4  vols,  fob,  published  at  £36  lbs. 

"  The  types  cast  in  metal  by  Jackson  for  Woide  are  quite  fresh 
and  perfect;  and,  instead  of  tlie  contracted  various  readings  in  the 
margin  being  spun  out  by  the  letters  in  fidl,  (as  Woide  has  given 
them.)  fac-sindles  of  such  various  readings,  cut  in  wood,  are  in- 
serted precisely  in  the  places  where  they  occur,  filling  up  only  the 
same  space  with  the  original.  The  tail-pieces,  or  rude  arabesque 
ornaments  at  the  end  of  each  hook,  are  also  represented  by  means 
of  facsimiles  in  wood;  so  that  the  identity  of  the  original  is  per- 
fectly preserved. 

"•  the  work,  when  complete,  will  consist  of  4  folio  vohimes,— three 
of  the  text  of  the  Old  Testament,  witli  a  fourth  containing  prole- 
gomena and  notes.    The  subscribers  for  the  vellum  copies  are: 

*•  His  Majesty's  Library.     Sir  M.  M.  Sykos.  Bart. 

"The  French  King's  Library.    John  Dent.  Esq. 

"The  Royal  Library  of  Berlin. Turner.  Esq..  Trin.  Coll..  Dubl. 

"The  Archbishop  of  Canterbury.  Longman,  Hurst  k  Co.,  (Pen- 
tateuch only.) 

*'The  Duke  of  Devonshire.    The  Author. 

"  The  Earl  Spenser.  (One  copy  undisposed  of.)'*— Dibdin's  Biblio- 
graphical Decameron. 

250  copies  were  printed  on  paper:  the  price  of  the  vel- 
lum copies  was  184  guineas  each. 

Babingtou,  Beuj,  Trans,  of  Gooro  Paramatan, 
Lon.,  1820. 

Babin§:ton,  Gervase,  d.  1610,  successively  Bishop 
of  Llandafl',  Exeter,  and  Worcester.  Comfortable  Notes 
upon  the  Five  Books  of  Moses.  Exposition  upon  the 
Creed,  the  Commandments,  and  the  Lord's  Prayer;  with 
a  Conference  between  Man's  Frailty  and  Faith,  and  three 
Sermons:  printed  in  one  4tovol. ;  again,  with  additions,  in 
1615 ;  again.  16;:17. 

Babin^ton,  Humphrey.     Serm.  on  Pa.  ci.  1,  1678. 

Babington,Jno.  (ic'-metry  and  Fireworks.  Lon.,  1656. 

Babiiigton,  R.     The  Law  of  Auction,  Lon..  1826. 

Babington,  M' m.,  M.D..  1756-18.33.  1.  Systematic 
Arrangament  uf  Minerals,  1795.  2.  New  System  of  Mine- 
ralogy, 1799.  3.  Syllabus  of  the  Course  of  Chemical  Lec- 
tures, 1802.  i.  Case  of  Exposure  to  the  Vapour  of  Burn- 
ing Charcoal,  1809. 

Babin^ou,  Zachary,  Advice  to  Grand  Juries  in 
Cases  of  Blood,  from  Law  and  Keason,  Lon.,  1677. 


BAG 

Bachc,  Alexander  Dallas,  one  of  the  most  distin- 
giii.-^liL-d  pliilu.'^Mplifrs  nf  the  uiuetceiith  eeiitiiiy.  1).  July 
19,  1806,  in  Philadelphia,  a  jiTeat-f^'iaiuls'ju  of  Dr.  Beuj. 
Franklin;  educated  at  the  U.S.  Military  Auad.,  West 
Point;  grad.  with  the  highest  honours,  and  became  Lieu- 
tenant of  EugincL-rs  uf  Furtiiication  in  lS2o:  Pruf.  Math,  in 
Univ.  Penna.,  1827  ;  organized  High  School  of  Phila.,  and 
Principal  of  it,  18-11-42;  returned  to  Univ.  Penna.  1842-43 
as  Prof,  of  Nat.  Phih:is.  and  Chemistry ;  resigned  on  being 
appointed  President  of  Girard  College,  Phila.  lie  visited 
Europe  to  examine  the  systems  of  instruction  there,  the  re- 
sults of  which  have  been  published  in  one  large  vol.,  Phila., 
1839,  Svo.  A  valuable  work.  In  1833  he  edited  an  ed.  of 
Brewster's  Optics,  with  Notes,  Phila..  12mo;  Observations 
at  the  Magnetic  and  Meteorological  Observatory  at  the 
Girard  Coll.,  3  vols.  Svo,  1  vol.  plates,  1840-45,  Wash.. 
1847.  In  1S43,  he  was  appointed  Superintendent  of  the 
U.S.  Coast  Survey,  which  position  he  still  occupies.  flSSS.) 

"Under  his  energetic  and  wise  direction  it  has  been  fruitful  not 
only  in  practical  bencftt  to  navigators,  but  in  valuable  contri- 
butions to  geodetic  and  physical  scii-nce." 

The  Reports  of  the  U.S.  Coast  Survey  are  pub.  annually 
in  one  large  vol.  4to,  under  the  supervision  of  Professor 
B.,  to  whose  talents  it  owes  its  present  high  position 
among  the  learned  of  both  Europe  and  America.  He  is  a 
member  of  the  principal  scientific  societies  of  the  world, 
and  received  the  medal  of  the  Royal  Geog.  Soe.  for  1858. 
His  principal  contributions  are  35  valuable  papers  in  the 
Proc.  of  the  Amer.  Ass.  for  the  Advancement  of  Science, 
1849-50-51-53-54-55-56-57-58;  19  papers  in  the  Jour, 
of  the  Franklin  Institute  of  Penna..  1831-32-34-35-.S6- 
42 ;  6  papers  in  the  Trans.  Amer.  Phih  Soc,  1834-35-37- 
40,  &c. ;  Annual  Reports  to  Treasury  Bept.  on  Weights 
and  Measures  from  1844  to  '56;  Amer.  Jour,  of  Science, 
1832-33:  Proc.  Brit.  Ass.  for  Adv.  of  Science.  1838.  .fee. 

Bache,  Mrs.  Anna*  1.  Clara's  Amusements.  N. 
York.  2,  The  Fireside  Screen ;  or,  Domestic  Sketches, 
Phila.,  1843,  12mo.  3.  Little  Clara,  16mo.  4.  The  Sibyl's 
Cave,     5.  Scenes  at  Home,  12mo. 

BachCf  Franklin,  M.D.,  eldest  great-grandson  of 
Franklin,  b.  in  Philadulpbia,  Oct.  25,  1792;  grad.  A.B.  in 
the  Univ.  of  Penna.,  1810,  and  M.D.,  1814;  Surgeon's 
Mate,  U.  States  Army,  1813,  and  full  Surgeon,  1814;  re- 
signed from  the  army  and  entered  upon  private  practice  in 
Phila..  1816;  Physician  to  the  Walnut  Street  Prison.  1824- 
36 ;  Prof,  of  Chemistry  in  the  Franklin  Institute  of  Penna., 
1826-32  ;  Physician  to  the  Eastern  Penitentiary  of  Penna., 
1829-3ti ;  Prof,  of  Chemistry  in  the  Phila.  College  uf  Phar- 
macy, 1831—41 ;  Prof,  of  Chemistry  in  Jeflerson  Med.  Coll. 
of  Phila.,  1841,  which  appointment  he  still  holds  (1S5S); 
President  of  the  American  Philos.  Society,  1853-54. 

Author  of:  1.  A  Svstem  of  Chemistry  for  the  Use  of 
Students  of  Medicine".  Phila.,  1819,  8vo.  2.  Supp.  to  the 
Amer.  ed.  of  Henry's  Chemistry,  forming  vol.  iii.,  com- 
piled from  the  addits.  in  last  English  ed.,  1823.  3.  Let- 
ter to  Roberts  Vaux  on  the  Separate  Confinement  of  Pri- 
soners, 1829,  pamph.  4.  Second  do.,  pub.  in  Journal  of 
Law,  Oct.  1830.  5.  In  conjunction  with  George  B.  Wood, 
M.D.,  The  Dispensatory  of  the  United  States,  1st  ed.,  1833, 
8vo,  pp.  1073;  llth  ed..  185S,  Svo.  pp.  1583.  6.  Intro- 
ductory Lectures  on  Chemistry,  1841,  '43,  '44,  '48,  '49,  '52. 

Editor  of;  1.  In  conjunction  with  Robert  Hare,  M.D., 
1st  Amer.  ed.  of  Ure's  Dictionary  of  Chemistry,  1821, 
2  vols,  in  1,  8vo.  2.  A  System  of  Pyrotechny,  by  James 
Cutbush,  1825,  Svo.  3.  In  conjunction  with  others.  North 
Amer.  Med.  and  Surg.  Journal,  1820-32,  12  vols.;  and 
contrib.  to  vols,  i.,  ii.,  iii.,  v.,  vi.,  viii.,  \x.,  x.,  xi.  4.  Tur- 
ner's Chemistry;  3d,  4th,  5th,  and  6th  Amer.  eds.,  1830- 
32-35-40.     5.  Dr.  Hare's  Chemical  Compendium,  1836. 

Contributor  to  The  Aurora,  1811  {on  Muriatic  Acid); 
Memoirs  of  the  Columbian  Chemical  Soc.  of  Phila.,  1813, 
8vo;  Amer.  Med.  Recorder,  vol.  i.,  1818,  iv.,  1821;  Phila. 
Jour,  of  Health,  1830;  Hays's  Amer.  Cyc.  of  Med.  and 
Surg.,  1834-36  (only  two  vols,  pub.);  in  vol.  i.,  eleven 
articles,  in  vol.  ii.,  four  articles ;  Amer.  Jour,  of  Phar- 
macy, vol.  i.,  1835,  vol.  viii.,  1842,  vol.  iii..  N.S.,  1855. 

Dr.  Bache  also  trans,  from  the  French  M.  Morand's  Me- 
moir on  Acupuncturation,  1825, 12mo ;  and  he  was  a  member 
of  the  Pub.  Com.  of  the  U.  States  Pharmacopada,  as  pre- 
pared upon  the  decennial  revisions  of  1830,  "40.  and  '50. 

Bache,  R,  The  Manual  of  a  Pennsylvania  Justice 
of  the  Peace,  Phila.,  1810-14.  The  Case  of  Alien  Enemies 
Considered  and  Deciiled.  &c.,  1813. 

Bache,  Richard,  1794-1836,  Captain  of  Ordnance 
U.S.  Army.   Notes  .-n  Colombia.  1822-23.  PhUa.,  1827,  Svo. 

Bache,  William.  Inaugural  Dissertation  on  Car- 
bonic Acid  Gas,  Pbila.,  1794,  8vo. 


BAC 

Bachman,  John,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  b.  1790,  Dutchesa 
CO..  N.Y.,  adistinguisbed  naturalist;  licen.sed  to  preach  in 
1813  :  pastor  of  the  German  Lutheran  Church  in  Charles- 
ton, S.C,  from  1815  to  the  present  time,  (1858.)  He  was 
an  associate  of  Audubon,  (q-r.,)  whom  he  assisted  in  tho 
preparation  of  his  great  work  on  Ornithology,  and  was  tho 
principal  author  of  the  work  on  the  Quadrupeds  of  North 
America,  illustrated  by  Audubon  and  his  sons.  Defence 
of  Luther  and  the  Reformation,  Charleston,  1853.  Ser- 
mon on  tho  Doctrine  and  Discipline  of  the  Evangelical 
Lutheran  Church,  1837.  Design  and  Duties  of  the  Chris 
tian  Ministry,  1848.  The  Doctrine  of  Unity  of  the  Humai 
Race  Examined  on  the  Principles  of  Science,  1850.  Notice 
of  the  Types  of  Mankind,  (by  Nott  and  Gliddon  ;)  with  an 
Examination  of  the  Charges  contained  in  the  Biography 
of  Dr.  Morton,  1854.  Examination  of  Prof.  Agassi/.'s 
Sketch  of  the  Natural  Provinces  of  the  Animal  World, 
and  their  Relations  to  the  Different  Types  of  Men,  1855, 
Characteristics  of  Genera  and  Species  as  applicable  to  the 
Doctrine  of  the  Unity  of  the  Human  Race,  1854.  Cata- 
logue of  Phoenogamous  Plants  and  Ferns  growing  in  tho 
Vicinity  of  Charleston.  S.C.     See  South  Car.  Med.  Jour. 

Back,  Sir  George,  1796-1857,  b.  at  Stockport, 
entered  the  navy  at  an  early  age.  He  accompanied  Sir 
Jidin  Franklin  on  his  Northern  voyage  in  1818  and  those 
of  1819  and  '23  to  explore  the  Arctic  regions.  In  1833 
he  undertook  an  overland  journey  in  search  of  Capt.  Ross. 
1.  Narrative  of  the  Arctic  Land  Expedition  to  the  Mouth 
of  the  Great  Fish  River  and  along  the  Shores  of  the  Arctic 
Ocean  in  the  Years  1833-34-35. 

"  Of  all  the  voyages  of  discovery  entered  upon  within  our  recol- 
lection, none  engaged  public  interest  so  thoroughly  as  the  expedi- 
tion the  fruits  of  which  are  before  us." — Lon.  Athen. 

2.  Perils  and  Escape  of  II. M.  Ship  Terror,  1838,  Svo. 

Backhouse,  James.     Sermon  on  2  Cor.  iv.  5,  1753. 

Backhouse,  Thos.  Surveys  of  Harbours  in  N.  Scotia. 

Backhouse,  \V,     On  Life  Annuities,  1778. 

Jiackhouse,  Win.,  Fellow  of  Christ's  Coll.  and  Vicar 
0^  Mcldreth.  The  History  of  the  Man  of  God  who  was 
sent  from  Judah  to  Bethel :  Sermon  on  1  Kings  xiii.  I :  a 
Caution  against  Religious  Delusion,  Camb.,  17H3. 

Backhouse,  \Vm.,  1593-llif)2.  a  noted  alchemist. 
He  trans,  from  the  French  The  Pleasant  Fountain  of 
Knowledge,  1044.  The  Complaint  of  Nature  and  the 
Golden  Fleece;  a  trans,  from  Scdomon  Trismosin,  Master 
to  Paracelsus.  Backhouse  adopted  Elias  Ashmole  as  hi.i 
snn  in  mvstical  philosophy. 

Backus,  Azel,  D.D.,  1765-1816,  Pros,  of  Hamilton 
Coll..  New  York.  pub.  Sermons.  1797-1813. 

Backus,  Chas.,  D.D.,  1749-1803.  a  native  of  Nor- 
wich. Cnnnecticut,  pub.  Sermons,  1795-1801,  and  a  volume 
on  Regeneration. 

Backus,  Isaac,  1724-1806,  a  distinguished  Baptist 
minister  of  Massachusetts,  was  b.  at  Norwich,  in  Con- 
necticut. His  principal  work  is  a  History  of  New  Eng- 
land, with  particular  reference  to  the  Baptists,  1777-84. 
He  pub.  an  Abridgment  in  1804,  bringing  down  tho  work 
to  that  date. 

Backus,  J.     Laws  rel.  to  Sheriff,  Ac.  in  Conn. 

Bacou,  Mr.  An  Ordinance  for  Preventing  the  Spread- 
ing (d"  Heresies,  presented  to  the  House  of  Commons  by 
him  and  Mr.  Teat,  with  Observations  thereupon,  Lon.,  1646. 

Bacon,  of  Gray's  Inn.  Rights  of  the  Kingdnm,  or  Cus- 
toms of  our  Ancestors  touching  our  Kings  and  Parliament, 
Lon.,  1682. 

Bacon,  Anne,  1528?-1600?  was  the  second  daughter 
of  Sir  Anthony  Cooke,  the  wife  of  Sir  Nicholas  BacoD.  and 
mother  of  the  illustrious  Sir  Francis  Bacon,  Baron  Veru- 
1am.  It  is  worthy  of  observation  that  the  four  daughters 
of  Sir  Anthony  Cooke  all  formed  distinguished  matrimonial 
alliances  :  1.  Mildred  married  Lord  Burleigh ;  2.  Anne, 
Sir  Nicholas  Bacon  ;  3.  Elizabeth.  Sir  John  Russell,  sui 
of  the  Earl  of  Bedford ;  and,  4.  Catherine,  Sir  Henry  Kil 
ligrew.  The  subject  of  our  memoir  was  eminent  for  learn- 
ing and  piety,  and  well  versed  in  the  Greek,  Latin,  and 
Italian  tongues.  At  an  early  age  she  translated  from  the 
Italian  into  English  twenty-five  sermons,  written  by  Bar- 
nardine  Ochine,  concerning  the  Predestination  and  Elec- 
tion of  God,  published  about  1550.  She  translated  Bishop 
Jewel's  Apology  for  tho  Church  of  England,  frum  the  ori- 
ginal Latin  int<t  English.  This  translation  has  been  com- 
mended as  "both  faithful  and  elegant."  Archbishop 
Parker,  to  whom  the  manuscript  had  been  submitted,  re- 
turned it  printed.  "  knowing  that  he  had  hereby  dcme  for 
the  best,  and  in  this  point  used  a  reasonable  ptdicy ;  that 
is,  to  prevent  such  excuses  as  her  modesty  would  have 
made  in  stay  of  publishing  it."     It  wa.s.  printed  in  1564 


BAG 


BAG 


and  in  1600.  When  she  sent  the  archbishop  the  MS.,  it 
Wiis  aceumpanied  with  a  letter  to  the  prelate  in  Greek, 
which  ho  answered  in  the  same  language.  Beza  dedicated 
to  this  learned  lady  his  Meditations.  Interesting  details 
connected  with  her  literary  history  will  be  found  in  Bal- 
lard's Memoirs  of  Briti.-^h  Ladies,  and  in  Birch's  Memoirs 
of  Queen  Elizabeth,  where  are  some  of  her  letters  at  length. 
Bacon,  Anthony,  b.  155S,  brother  of  Sir  Francis 
Bacnn.     Mem.  of  Kcign  of  Q.  Eliz.,  pub.  by  Dr.  Birch. 

ISacon,  Delia,  Philosophy  of  the  Plays  of  Shak- 
epearc  UuluUled;  with  a  Preface  by  Nathaniel  Hawthorne, 
Lon.,  1S57,  Svo. 

"From  Mr.  Hawthorne  we  learn  that  Miss  Bacon  origrinally 
meant  to  issue  this  book  in  America,  as  *she  wished  her  own 
country  to  liave  the  plory  of  solving  the  enifjiiia  of  those  nii^Iity 
dramas  and  thus  adding  a  new  aud  higher  value  to  the  loftiest 
productions  of  the  English  mind.'  We  grieve  to  think  her  pur- 
pose failed,  and  that  the  book  appears  with  tlie  disadvantage  of  an 
Eui^lisli  name  on  the  title.  Mr.  Hawthorne — as  every  reader  of 
the  '  Scarlet  Letter'  knows — is  a  humourist  of  peculiar  kind  ;  but 
his  concluding  paragraph  of  introduction  to  this  wild  and  silly 
book  crowus  the  list  of  his  drolleries.  In  the  preface  to  a  volume 
designed  to  rob  Shakspeare  of  bis  literary  glories.  Mr.  Hawthorne 
says,  'It  is  for  the  public  to  gay  whether  my  countrywoman  has 
proved  ber  theory.  In  the  worst  event,  if  she  has  failed,  her 
failure  will  be  more  honourable  than  most  people's  triuniplis; 
Bince  it  must  tiing  upon  the  old  tombstone  at  tStratford-on-Avuu 
the  noblest  tributary  wreath  tliat  has  ever  lain  there.'  Fie!  Mi. 
Hawthorne!" — Lon.  Athen.,  April  II,  1S07. 

Bacon,  Francis,  Baron  Vcrnlam,  Viscount 
St.  Alban^s,  Iyti0-1-I(iii6,  one  of  the  mr»st  illustrious  of 
modern  philosophers,  was  the  youngest  son  of  Sir  Nicholas 
and  Laily  Anne  Bacon.  He  was  b.  at  York-House,  in  the 
Strand,  London,  on  the  22d  of  January.  As  a  child  he 
■was  remarkable  for  quiekness  of  thtrnght  and  great  pre- 
cision and  force  of  langunge.  These  qualities  attracted 
the  notice  of  Queen  Elizabeth,  who  playfully  called  him 
her  young  Lord  Keeper,  intimating  his  probable  succession 
to  his  father's  honours.  Ben  Jonson  represents  him  as 
mnrked  for  this  distinction,  even  bei'ore  the  sagacity  of  the 
Queen  had  prompted  the  prediction.  Jonson  was  one  of 
the  party  who  partook  of  Chancellor  Bacon's  hospitality 
at  York-house,  on  January  22,  1620.  the  sixtieth  birlh-day 
of  the  host;  the  poet  celebrated  the  occasion  in  choice 
poetry,  of  which  the  following  is  a  specimen : 
"  Hail,  happy  gejiius  of  this  ancient  pile! 

How  comes  it  all  thint^s  so  about  thee  smile? 

The  tiro,  the  wine,  the  men — and  in  the  midst 

Thnii  stand  st.  as  if  simie  mystery  thou  didst. 

Entilaiid's  hi^jh  Chanrellor.  the  destined  heir 

In  his  soft  cradle,  to  his  Cither's  chair; 

Whose  even  thread  the  fates  spin  round  aud  full, 

Out  of  their  choicest  and  their  whitest  wool." 

In  his  i;Jth  year  he  was  entered  of  Trinity  College, 
Cambridge,  where  he  remained  for  three  years  and  a  half. 
We  must  make  great  allowances  for  the  statement  so  con- 
fidently asserted,  that  at  this  early  age  he  had  not  only 
detected  the  fallacies  of  the  philosophy  of  Aristotle,  hut 
had  mentally  projected  the  substitution  of  that  '*  more  ex- 
cellent way"  of  arriving  at  truth,  the  introduction  of 
which  has  placed  him  in  the  first  rank  of  modern  philoso- 
phers. That  he  was  dissatisfied  with  the  canonical  author- 
ities of  the  prevailing  school,  and  felt  that  there  was  a 
vitality  in  the  teachings  of  truth  which  revolted  at  the  ar- 
tificial barriers  so  rigidly  imposed  by  the  ''philosophy 
falsely  so  called,"  to  which  it  was  the  habit  to  bow  with 
unquestioning  submission — this  we  do  not  doubt.  He 
had,  to  use  his  own  words  in  later  years,  taken  '*  all  know- 
ledge to  be  his  province,"  and  his  was  not  a  mind  to  be 
patiently  trammelled  by  any  .<ystem.  After  leaving  col- 
lege he  visited  France,  in  the  train  of  Sir  Aniias  Paulet. 
Wbilst  abroad,  he  wrote  the  Notes  on  the  State  of  Europe, 
■which  we  find  in  his  works.  In  February,  1580,  he  was 
summoned  home  by  the  death  of  his  father.  Being  very 
slenderly  provided  for,  he  made  an  application  to  govern- 
ment to  obtain  some  certain  source  of  income,  which  would 
allow  hira  to  devote  his  attention  to  literature  and  politics. 
Most  unfortunately  for  the  cause  of  science,  this  applica- 
tion was  unsuccessful.  Choosing  the  law  as  hisprofession, 
he  obtained  a  good  deal  of  practice,  but  it  is  not  unlikely 
that  the  opinion  of  the  queen  was  shared  by  many,  and 
prevented  his  gaining  any  brilliant  reputation  as  a  pro- 
found lawyer.  "  Bacon,"  said  Elizabeth,  "  has  a  great 
wit  and  much  learning,  but  in  lawshoweth  to  the  uttermost 
of  his  knowledge,  aud  is  not  deep."  There  is  great  rea- 
son to  suspect  much  injustice  in  this  opinion.  Where  he 
had  every  right  to  expect  encouragement  and  aid  from  his 
powerful  relative,  Lord  Burleigh,  he  seems  to  have  en- 
countered any  thing  but  a  spirit  of  kindness  and  good 
will.  It  was  natural,  therefore,  that  he  should  attach 
himself  to  the  party  of  Burleigh's  opponent,  the  Earl  of 


Essex;  and  this  nobleman  heartily  espoused  his  cause. 
We  grieve  to  say  that  the  disinterested  kindness  of  the 
earl  was  repaid  by  the  basest  ingratitude.  When  his  un- 
happy patron  bowed  his  beail  in  his  hour  of  darkness  and 
desolation,  Francis  Bacon  was  by  his  side, — not  as  the 
sympathizing  friend,  to  cheer,  to  comfort,  and  to  console, 
but  he  was  there  as  the  accusing  fiend,  to  condemn, — as 
the  heartless  executioner,  to  bind  and  manacle  the  victim, 
and  cast  him  '*  to  the  lions."  Nor  satisfied  with  this,  he 
hesitated  not  to  affix  a  stigma  to  his  benelactnr's  grave, 
and  rehearse,  for  the  information  of  posterity,  the  "  Decla- 
ration of  the  Treasons  of  Robert,  Earl  of  Essex !"  When 
we  remember  this  disgraceful  transaction,  we  feel  that  we 
have  no  right  to  censure  the  portrait  drawn  by  a  great 
poet,  of  our  greater  author — 

*-The  wisest,  brightest,  meanest,  of  mankind." 

Yet  Mr.  Montagu  can  herein  justify  Bacon,  and  plead 
for  him  "as  a  man  pleadcth  for  his  first-born!"  How 
true  it  is  that  the  biographer  and  the  lover  are  almost  sy- 
nonymous terms  !  Mr.  Montagu,  in  order  to  defend  a  bad 
cause,  is  obliged,  as  is  usual  in  such  cases,  to  plead  a  bad 
principle;  viz.  that  a  lawyer  in  the  advocacy  of  his  brief 
is  permitted,  nay  obliged,  to  ignore  moral  honesty,  truth, 
justice,  and  every  other  virtue,  if  the  interest  of  his  client 
shall  require  such  a  tremendous  sacrifice,  such  wholesale 
abnegation  of  the  very  foundations  of  public  and  priv.^te 
morality.  We  do  not  use  Mr.  Montagu's  phraseology,  but 
we  do  not*' in  the  estimation  of  a  hair"  overstrain  the 
statement  of  what  is  done  every  dn.y  in  our  "courts  of 
justice. "(  !)  Mr.  Macaulay's  remarks  upon  this  subject, 
and  in  the  same  connexion,  are  much  to  the  purpose. 
See  his  Essay  on  Lord  Bacon. 

In  1593  ho  sat  as  member  for  the  county  of  Middlesex. 
Fortunately,  wo  have  a  graphic  sketch  of  Bacon  as  the 
orator,  by  his  friend  Ben  Jonson  : 

"  There  happened  in  my  time  one  noble  speaker  who  was  full  of 
gravity  in  his  speaking.  His  language,  when  he  could  spare  or 
pass  by  a  jest,  was  nobly  censorious.  No  man  ever  spoke  more 
neatly,  more  pressly,  more  wei:j;hti]y,  or  suffered  less  emptiness, 
less  idleness,  in  what  he  uttered.  No  member  of  his  speech  but 
consisted  of  his  own  ^aces.  His  hearers  could  not  cou;:h  or  look 
aside  from  him  withtiut  loss.  He  commanded  where  he  spoke, 
and  had  his  judges  angry  and  pleased  at  his  devotion.  No  man 
had  their  affections  more  in  his  power.  The  fear  of  every  man 
that  heard  him  was  lest  he  should  make  an  end." — DiscmrH^s. 

Bacon's  earliest  publication  was  the  first  pnrtof  his  cele- 
brated Essays,  or  Counsels,  afterwards  considernbly  aug- 
mented. The  Elements  of  the  Common  Law  of  England, 
written  in  1596,  and  The  History  of  the  Alienation  Office, 
written  in  1598,  were  not  published  until  after  his  death. 
The  Essays  attained  immediate  popularity,  and  were  trans- 
lated into  Latin,  French,  and  Italian. 

In  July,  1003,  Bacon  was  presented  to  King  James  I., 
at  Whitehall,  and  received  the  honour  of  knighthood.  In 
1604r  he  was  appointed  King's  Counsel :  shortly  after  which 
he  married  Alice,  the  daughter  of  Benedict  Barnhara,  Esq., 
Alderman.  In  the  next  year  appeared  his  treatise  on  The 
Advancement  of  Learning,  which  was  the  basis  of  the 
Ve  Aiif/mentis.  The  De  Sapientia  Veterum  was  published 
in  1009. 

In  1616,  Sir  Francis  Bacon  was  sworn  of  the  Privy 
Couucil,  and  in  March,  1617,  he  received  the  appointment 
of  Keeper  of  the  (Jreat  Seal.  He  was  much  beholden  for 
his  preferment  to  the  influence  of  Btickingham,  and  not  a 
little  to  his  personal  solicitatifin  of  the  King,  in  wliieh  be 
was  not  backward  to  assert  his  merits  and  fitness  for  the 
post  of  Lord  Keeper.  On  the  4th  of  January,  1618,  he 
was  made  Lord  High  Chancellor,  and  on  the  11th  of  July 
ensuing  he  was  ennobled  by  the  title  of  Baron  of  Verulam, 
and'three  years  later  was  raised  to  the  dignity  of  Viscount 
St.  Alban's.  Fain  would  we  leave  him  in  this  exalted  posi- 
tion, but,  alas  !  a  great  fall  was  at  hand.  King  James  had 
lieen  compelled  by  his  necessities  to  summon  a  Parliament; 
and  its  Committee  in  the  Courts  of  Justice  reported  on 
the  15th  March,  that  abuses  of  no  common  order  had  been 
charged. 

"The  Person,"  said  the  chairman,  "asainst  whom  the  thincs 
are  allesred,  is  no  less  than  the  Lord  Chancellor;  a  man  so  endued 
with  all  parts,  both  of  nature  and  of  art,  as  that  I  will  say  no  moie 
of  him,  beini;  not  aide  to  say  enou'ih." 

Our  limits  forbid  any  other  than  a  brief  notice  of  this 
melancholy  portion  of  the  Lord  Chancellor's  history.  The 
reader  will  find  an  admirable  anjilysis  of  the  whole  subject, 
as  well  as  of  the  Baconian  philosophy,  in  Mr.  Macaulay's 
well-known  essay  on  Lord  Bacon.  That  there  were  extenu- 
ating circumstances  in  the  well-founded  charges  against 
the  Chancellor,  may  be  admitted,  without  making  him  a 
false  witness  against  himself  in  his  memorable  confession . 

•*  I'pon  advised  consideratinn  of  the  cbarfies.  descending  into 
my  own  conscience,  and  calling  my  memory  to  account  as  fer  as  I 

89 


BAG 


BAG 


aWe  I  do  plainly  and  insenunusly  confess  that  I  am  guilty  of  '  ph"ica;literntOTeof  the  world  would  have  heen  Bacon's  Ulus- 
•uption.  aud  du  renounce  all  defence."  j  trations  of  Three  Hundred  Rules  and  Maxims  of  tlie  Com- 

With  that  keenness  of  perception,  profundity 


am 

corrupt 

To  the  committee  of  the  Lords  who  were  sent  to  inquire 
if  this  confession  were  indeed  signed  by  himself,  his  pa- 
thetic answer  was :  "  My  Lords,  it  is  my  act,  my  hand, 
my  heart.  I  beseech  your  lordships  to  be  merciful  to  a 
broken  reed !" 

The  sentence  passed  upon  the  oifender  was  a  fine  of 
£40,000,  imprisonment  in  the  Tower  during  the  King's 
.pleasure,  incapacity  to  hold  any  offiec  in  the  state,  or  to 
sit  in  Parliament,  and  banishment  for  life  from  the  verge 
of  the  Court.     This  heavy  seuteuco  proved  to  be  little  more 


mon  Law !  .         .  .  _ 

of  judgment,  and  critical  accuracy  of  definition,  which  dis- 
tinguished this  legal  philosopher,  we  should  have  had  a 
noble  compend  of  juridical  wisdom  ;  an  invaluable  auxiliary 
to  the  teachings  of  that  Volume  which  enforces  equity  and 
truth  in  the  duties  of  this  life  by  the  solemn  sanctions  of 
the  life  to  come.  Bacon's  royal  master  would  then  have 
had  a  double  claim  upon  the  gratitude  of  mankind,  in  the 
inestimable  version  of  the  inspired  Scriptures,  and  in  one 
f  the  grandest  conceptions  of  human  wisdom.     The  se- 


than  a  matter  of  form.  He  was  confined  in  the  Tower  I  eoud  portion  of  The  Elements  of  the  Common  Law,  was 
but  two  days,  his  fine  was  released  by  the  King,  ho  was  1  styled  by  its  author.  The  Use  of  the  Law  for  Preservation 
suffered  to  appear  at  Court,  and  in  1(J24  the  political  inca-  |  of  our  Persons,  Goods,  and  Good  Names,  according  to  the 
pacity  under  which  ho  still  sufl'ered  was  removed.     H'-  '  ' 


seat  as  a  peer  in  the  House  of  Lords  was  again  open  to 
him,  and  he  was  summoned  to  the  next  Parliament,  though 
ho  thought  proper  to  decline  attendance.  Uis  habits  of 
improvidence  still  followed  him  in  his  retreat.  The  teacher 
of  philosophic  humility  and  moderation  excited  the  asto- 
nishment of  a  prince  by  his  ostentation,  and  the  author  of 
the  Essays  on  Economy  and  Improvidence  was  continually 
harassed  by  domestic  debts.  Prince  Charles,  encounter- 
ing his  imposing  equipage  and  numerous  train  on  the  road, 
exclaimed  with  admiration :  "  Do  what  we  can,  this  man 
scorns  to  go  out  in  snulf." 

His  faithful  friend,  Rare  Ben  Jonson,  groups  together 
his  sunshine  and  twilight  in  a  few  pathetic  lines  : 

"  My  conceit  of  his  person  was  never  increased  towards  him  by 
his  pl.ace  or  honours;  but  I  have  and  do  reverence  him  for  the 
greatness  that  was  only  proper  to  himself,  in  th.it  lie  seemed  to  me 
ever,  bv  bis  work,  one  of  the  greatest  men  :uid  most  worthy  of  admi- 
ration that  had  been  in  many  a;;es.  In  tiis  rtdversity  I  ever  pi\iyed 
that  (iod  would  give  him  strength ;  for  greatness  he  could  not  want." 
The  ex-chancellor  survived  his  political  bankruptcy 
five  years.  The  cause  of  his  death  is  well  known.  Anx- 
ious to  test  a  theory  that  ho  had  formed  relative  to  the 
efiicacy  of  snow  in  "arresting  animal  putrefaction,  he  one 
cold  day  left  his  coach,  near  Highgate,  bought  a  fowl  at  an 
adjoining  cottage,  and  stuffed  it  with  snow.  He  was  sud- 
denly seized  with  an  alarming  sensation  of  chilliness,  and 
was  carried  to  the  mansion  of  the  Earl  of  Arundel,  at 
Highgate,  where  he  lingered  for  a  week,  and  expired  on 
Easter  morning,  102(5,  in  the  arras  of  his  friend.  Sir  Julius 
Cicsar.  His  last  letter  was  written  to  his  host,  who  was 
then  absent  from  home.  In  this  letter  he  calls  himself  the 
"  martyr  of  science,"  and  compares  himself  to  Pliny  the 
Elder,  who  lust  his  life  in  the  cause  of  investigation.  In 
his  will  he  leaves  his  name  and  memory  to  men's  charita- 
ble speeches,  "  to  foreign  nations,  and  to  my  own  country- 
men, after  some  time  be  passed  over." 

We  shall  now  proceed  to  review,  briefly,  the  literary  pro- 
ductions of  the  distinguished  subject  of  our  memoir.  We 
have  already  referred  to  Mr.  Basil  Montagu  as  a  biogra- 
pher, and  frankly  expressed  our  dissent  from  some  of  his 
conclusions  respecting  the  character  of  one  the  influence 
of  whose  name  is  great  enough  for  any  thing  but  success- 
ful resistance  to  the  verdict  of  unconqueralile  truth.  But 
we  should  be  justly  blamed  did  we  omit  to  record  our  grati- 
tude to  Mr.  Montagu  for  his  s])lendid  edition  of  the  Works 
of  Lord  Bacon,  in  17  vols.  8vo,  1825-.3-t;  £S  ISs.  6rf. ; 
large  paper,  £26  15s.  Rd.     See  Ellis,  R.  Leslie. 

It  is  deeply  to  be  regretted  that  Lord  Bacon  never  car- 
ried out  a  favourite  plan  long  cherished  by  him,  of 

'•  Iteducing  or  perfecting  the  course,  or  corps,  of  the  Common 
Law,  digesting  or  recompiling  them,  so  that  the  entire  body  and 
Bubstan'ce  of  Law  should  remain ;  only  discharged  of  idlo.  or  un- 
profitable, or  hurtful  matter.  I  dare  not  advise  to  cast  the  law 
into  a  new  mould.  The  work  which  I  propound  tendeth  to  prun- 
ing and  grafting  the  Laws,  and  not  to  ploughing  up  and  planting 
it  again  Tfor  such  remove  I  hold  a  perilous  innovation." 

His  Elements  of  the  Laws  of  England,  published  in 
16.36,  consists  of,  1.  A  Collection  of  some  Principal  Rules 
and  Maxims  of  the  Common  Law,  with  their  Latitude  and 
Extent.  We  have  here  but  twenty-five  out  of  three  hun- 
dred Rules  which  he  had  collected  : 

"  1  thought  good,  before  1  brought  them  all  into  form,  to  publish 
some  few,  fhat  by  the  taste  of  other  men's  opinions,  in  this  iirst, 
I  miiht  receive  .itliii  ait|ir'>Iiatiuii  in  my  own  course,  or  better  ad- 
vice for  the  alti-iiii.:  nf  nitii-rs  wliich  remain;  foe  it  is  great  reason 
that  that  which  is  i?itended  to  the  profit  of  others,  should  be  guided 
by  the  conceits  of  others." 

The  excellence  of  that  which  we  possess  makes  us  grieve 
that  we  have  so  small  a  proportion  of  that  which  the  au- 
thor designed : 

"  Though  some  great  masters  of  the  Law  did  outgo  him  in  bulk 
and  p.articularly  in  cases;  yet  in  the  science  of  the  grounds,  and 
mysteries  of  the  Law,  he  was  exceeded  by  none." — I'rffacf-  to  Black- 
ttotiK^s  Anal, 

What  an  invaluable  acquisition  to  the  legal  aud  philoso- 
2U 


Laws  of  this  Land.     This  treatise  has  been  praised  as 

"  Not  only  completely  fitted  for  the  improvement  of  such  as 
study  the  Law,  but  also  the  Book  in  the  world  best  calculated  to 
give  "every  man  of  good  sense  and  unliiassed  judgment,  both  a  ge- 
neral idea,  and  a  good  opinion  of  the  Law,  which  is  represented 
therein  in  that  light  which  is  at  once  the  thirest,  fullest,  and  most 
agreeable." 

The  best-known  law  treatise  of  Lord  Bacon  is  his  Bead- 
ing on  the  Statute  of  Uses,  which  was  delivered  before  the 
Society  of  Gray's  Inn  about  the  year  1600.  This  can  be 
considered  only  an  unfinished  design  : 
"  A  profound  treatise  on  the  subject,  as  iiir  as  it  goes.*" — II.^RGBAVIE. 
The  History  of  the  Alienation  Oflice  has  been  cited  as  a 
proof  of 

"  How  great  a  master  he  was  not  in  one  Law  only,  but  in  our 
History  and  Antiquities ;  so  that  it  ni.ay  be  justly  said,  there  never 
fell  any  thing  from  his  pen  which  more  clearly  and  fully  demon- 
str.ated  his  abilities." 

The  History  of  Henry  VII.  has  been  censured  by  Dr. 
Johnson  as  evincing  a  want  of  care  usual  to  the  day : 

"It  is  but  of  late  that  Historians  l>e.stow  pains  and  attention 
in  consulting  records,  to  attiiin  to  accuracy.  Bacon,  in  writing 
his  History  of  Henry  VII.,  does  not  seem  to  have  consulted  any, 
but  to  have  just  taken  what  he  found  in  other  histories,  and  blend- 
ed it  with  what  he  learned  by  tradition." 

But  Bishop  Nicolson,  speaking  of  the  authors  who  have 
written  concerning  the  reign  of  Henry  VII.,  cannot  suffi- 
ciently commend  our  historian  : 

"Tliis  good  work  was  most  effectually  undertaken  and  com- 
pleted liy  the  incoiii]<aiaI'le  Sir  Francis  Bacon,  who  has  bravely 
surmounted  all  those  difticulties,  and  passed  over  those  rocks  and 
.shallows,  against  wliicli  he  took  such  pains  to  caution  other  less 
experienced  historians.  He  has  perfectly  put  himself  into  King 
Henry's  own  garb  and  livery,  giving  as  sprightly  a  view  of  the 
secrets  of  his  Council,  as  if  liimself  had  been  President  in  it." — 
Englnh  Hiatoriral  Library, 

Catherine  Maeaulay,  on  the  other  hand,  blames  the  his- 
torian for  flattering  King  James 

"  So  far  as  to  paint  his  grandfather,  Henry  the  Seventh,  in  an 
amiable  light."— Ca(/icni!e  MacauUty's  History  of  Englavd,  vol.  i. 
We  proceed  to  the  consideration  of  Bacon's  philosophi- 
cal writings.  His  Essay.s,  or  Counsels,  Civil  and  Moral, 
were  first  published  in  1597;  2d  edition,  with  additions, 
in  1612;  3d,  still  further  augmented,  in  1624.  In  the 
dedication  to  his  brother,  Anthony  Bacon,  the  author  states 
that  he  published  his  Essays  '•  because  many  of  them  had 
stolen  abroad  in  writing,"  and  he  was  anxious  to  give  a 
correct  impression  of  them. 

"To  write  just  treatises  requires  leisure  in  the  writer,  and  lei- 
sure in  the  reader.  .  .  .  The  word  [Kssays]  is  late,  but  the  thing 
is  ancient;  for  Seneca's  Epistles  to  Lucilius,  if  you  mark  them 
well,  are  but  Essays,  that  is,  dispersed  meditations,  though  con- 
vered  in  the  foi-m  of  Epistles." — From  the  interuled  Preface  to  tlie 
'Zd  edition. 

This  is  the  work  by  which  Bacon  is  best  known  to  the 
majority  of  readers. 

"The  first  in  time,  and.  we  may  justly  say,  the  first  in  excel- 
lence, of  English  writings  on  moral  prudence,  are  the  Essays  of 
Bacon.  .  .  .  The  transcendent  strength  of  B.acon's  mind  is  visible 
in  the  whole  tenor  of  these  Essays,  unequal  as  they  must  be 
from  the  very  nature  of  such  compositions.  They  are  deeper  and 
more  discriminating  than  any  earlier,  or  almost  any  later,  work 
in  the  English  language;  full" of  recondite  observations,  long  ma- 
tured, and  carefully  sifted.  .  .  .  Few  books  are  more  quoted,  and, 
what  is  not  always  the  case  with  such  books,  we  may  add,  tliat 
few  are  more  gene"rally  read.  In  this  respect  they  lead  the  van  of 
our  prose  literature;  for  no  gentleman  is  ashamed  of  owning  th.at 
he  has  not  re;id  the  Elizabethan  writers;  but  it  would  be  some- 
what derogatory  to  a  man  of  the  slightest  claim  to  polite  letters, 
were  he  unacquainted  with  the  Essays  of  Bacon."— //u/toii's  In- 
irodiic.  to  the  Lit.  of  Evrope. 

"The  virtue  of  these  Essays  is  too  well  allowed  to  require  any 
comment.  Without  the  elegance  of  Addison,  or  the  charming 
egotism  of  Montaigne,  they  liave  acquired  the  widest  circulation; 
and  if  Bacon  had  written  no  more,  they  would  have  bequeathed 
his  name  undying  to  posterity.  Burke  preferred  them  to  the  rest 
of  his  writings,  and  Dr.  Johnson  observed,  that  'their  excellence 
and  value  consists  in  their  being  the  observations  of  a  strong  mind 


operating  upon  life.  and.  in  consequence,  you  will  find  there  what 
you  seldom  find  in  other  books.'"— jVu(opif'.s  LfeoJ  Hir  Joshua 
]?ei/7ic?lds :  Jtnse's  Biog.  Ihcl.:  read  the  whole  of  this  excellent 
sketch  of  Bacon  and  his  writings. 


BAG 


BAG 


*' Under  tlie  huiid  of  Ethics  Diay  be  nuMitioned  the  small  volume 
to  which  he  h;is  t^iven  the  title  of  is.su^s  ;  the  best  known  and 
the  most  popular  of  all  his  works.  It  is  also  one  of  those  where 
the  superiority  of  his  genius  appears  to  the  greatest  advantage; 
the  nnvelty  and  depth  of  his  reflections  often  receiviufi  a  strong 
reli.f  from  the  triteness  of  his  subject.  It  may  be  read  from  he- 
giiuiiiii;  to  end  in  a  few  hours:  and  yet.  after  the  twentieth  peru- 
Kil.  r.rii-  s>Idi>m  fails  to  remark  in  it  something;  overlooked  before. 
This  iiideiil  is  a  characterisiic  of  all  Bacon's  wi-itiuRS,  and  is  only 
to  In-  a.iimiited  for  by  the  ine-\hanstible  aliment  they  furnish  to 
our  own  thou;ihts.  and  the  sympathetic  ;U'tivity  they  impart  to 
oui-  tnipid  tinmlties." — DugaVi  S!iioaH,  l.'-V  Prd.  Diss,  to  Enci/c.  Brit. 

About  the  26t:h  year  of  his  age.  Bacon  formed  the  first 
sketeb  of  the  great  work  ivbich  he  dosigned  completing  in 
his  "  Instauration  of  the  Seicuces."  This  sketch  he  enti- 
tled TciiiporHH  Pa)-tu>t  M'l.riiHHH  ;  The  Greatest  Birth  of 
Time.  In  writing,  towards  the  close  of  his  life,  to  Father 
Fulgeutio,  a  learned  Italian,  who  had  asked  of  him  au  ac- 
count of  his  works,  he  remarks. 

''  Kquidem  memini  me  quadia^iuta  abhinc  annis  juvenile  opus- 
culum  eirea  has  res  confecisse.  ^uod  ma'^'na  prorsus  liduci^  et 
lua:_niiIieo  litulo,  '  Temper  is  I'atrum  Maximum,'  inseripsi." 

The  Treatise  on  the  Advancement  of  Learning,  wliich 
■was  the  germ  of  the  De  Augmentis  Scicutiarum,  (pub.  1623,) 
was  published  in  1605. 

'■  In  this,  indeed,  the  whole  of  the  Baconian  philosophy  may  be 
said  to  be  implicitly  contained,  except,  perhaps,  the  second  book  of 
the  Novum  uriianum.'" 

De  Sapientia  Veterura  [The  Wisdom  of  the  Ancients] 
1609.  ''  AVritteu,"  as  he  says,  "in  the  midst  of  a  term  and 
Parliament." 

"  A  work  wlii'-h.  if  it  had  proceeded  from  any  other  writer,  would 
have  lieen  con.sidered  as  a  masterpiece  of  wit  and  learning,  hut 
whi'-li  adds  little  to  the  fame  of  Bacon.'" — T.  B.  MACviiLAV. 

In  this  work,  he  applies  morally  or  politienlly 

"  Most  of  the  fables  of  the  Greek  Mythology,  sometimes  display- 
ing remarkable  acufeness  and  penetratiftn;  at  other  times  au  ex- 
uberance of  fancy  which  amuses  rather  than  instructs." 

Novum  Organnm,  1620.  This  work  was  immediately 
honoured  by  "  the  warmest  expressions  of  admiration  from 
the  alilest  men  of  Europo." 

"  riie  L^filest  of  all  his  works,  and  the  central  pile  of  that  edi- 
fi.'e  of  pliiliiMiphy  on  which  the  world  has  bestowed  his  name. 
The  Nu\  uui  (hganum  was  received  with  unbounded  applause  of 
the  learned,  both  in  his  own  and  f  jrei^n  nations,  and  placed  tlie 
lame  of  its  author  at  onceabove  that  of  every  other  livini;  author." 

This  work  was  valued  by  Bacon  above  all  his  other 
■writings;  twelve  times  was  it  revised,  altered,  and  cor- 
rected, year  by  year,  before  publication.  This  ambitious 
title,  iu  which  the  author  enters  the  lists  with  the  ancient 
*'Organon,"  the  logical  text-book  of  Aristotle,  shows  the 
confidence  which  the  modern  philosopher  entertained  in 
tlie  value  of  his  improvements  in  the  art  of  reasoning. 
This  production  is  to  be  accepted  as  the  second  part  of 
the  Instauratio  Magna,  which  he  tells  us  was  to  be  "the 
science  of  a  better  and  more  perfect  use  of  reason  in  the 
investigation  of  things,  and  of  the  true  aids  to  the  under- 
standing;" in  other  words,  an  exposition  of  the  inductive 
method ;  what  we  now  term  the  Baconian  philosophy. 
The  Novanum  Organura  by  no  means  answers  the  ex- 
pressed design  of  the  author.  We  mean  that  he  has  not 
filled  his  own  sketch. 

"  The  aphorisms  into  which  he  has  digested  it  being  rather  the 
heads  or  theses  of  chapters,  at  least  in  manv  places,  that  would 
have  been  farther  expanded.  And  it  is  still  more  important  to 
observe  that  he  did  mit  achieve  the  wb(.]i.  nf  this  summary  that  he 
had  prnmis.-d  :  but  nut  nf  niru-  di\  isi^.us  nf  bis  method.' we  only 
possess  the  lirst.  wliich  he  denominates  pra'ro;iitiv.'e.  Ei','ht  others, 
of  exceedim;  importance  to  lo^ic.  he  has  not  touched  at  all.  except 
to  describe  them  by  name,  and  to  promise  more.  .  .  .  His  termino- 
locry  is  often  a  little  affected,  and.  in  Latin,  rather  barbarous.  The 
divisions  of  his  prerogative  instances  in  the  Novum  Organum.  are 
not  always  founded  upon  int«-lli|2:ible  distinctions.  And  the  gene- 
ral obscurity  of  the  style,  neither  himself  nor  his  assistants  bping 
good  masters  of  the  Latin  languatre.  which,  at  the  best,  is  never 
flexible  or  copious  enough  for  our  philosophy,  renders  the  perusal 
of  hnth  his  great  works  too  laborious  for  the  impatient  reader. 
Brui-kei'  has  well  observed  that  the  Novum  Organum  has  been  ne- 
glrrte.l  bv  tb-'  ui-ueralit v.  aud  proved  of  far  less  .servicethan  it 
would  otbiTuise  have  been  in  philosophv.  in  conserjuence  of  these 
very  defects,  as  well  as  the  real  depth  of  the  author's  mind."— 

H.\r,LAM. 

To  the  celebrated  Sir  Henry  Wotton  the  author  sent 
three  copies  of  this  book,  which  gift  was  rewarded  by  a 
very  laudatory  letter  from  this  famous  statesman,  diplo- 
matist, and  author.  The  Novum  Organum  has  received 
the  commendations  of  very  eminent  authorities,  both  in 
the  author'.s  own  time,  and  in  every  successive  generation. 
Like  all  productions  of  genius,  it  likewise  elicited  some 
censorious  criticisms. 

"The  geniuses  lau'^'hcd  at  it,  and  men  of  talent  and  acquire- 
ment, whose  studies  had  narrowed  their  minds  into  particular 
channels,  incapable  of  understanding  its  reasonings,  and  appre- 
ciating its  ori.'inality.  turned  wits  for  the  purpose  of  ridiculing 
the  new  publication  of  the  philosophic  Lord  Chancellor.  Dr.  An- 
drews, a  forgott4?n  wit  of  those  days,  perpetrated  a  vile  pun  upon 
the  town  and  title  of  St.  Aiban's,  by  saying,  in  some  doggerel 


verses,  that  it  was  on  the  high  road  to  Dunce  table,  i.  e.  Dunstable, 
and  therefore  appropriate  to  the  author  of  such  a  book.  Mr.  (Se- 
cretary CutTe  said  tliat  it  was  *  a  book  which  a  fool  could  not  have 
written,  and  a  wise  man  would  not.'  King  .James  declared  it  was 
like  the  Feace  of  God — 'it  passeth  all  understanding.'  Coke 
wrote,  under  a  device  on  the  title  page,  of  a  ship  passing  through 
the  pillars  of  Hercules, 

•  It  deserveth  not  to  be  read  in  schools. 
But  to  be  freighted  iu  the  ship  of  fools."  " 

To  such  hypercriticism,  the  author's  faithful  friend  in 
prosperity  and  atfiictiou — the  friend  who  had  rejoiced  iu 
the  rise,  and  wejjt  over  the  fall,  of  *'  England's  High  Chan- 
cellor," who  not  only  participated  in  his  festive  ho.sjiitality 
in  that  "  high  day."  when  *'  all  things  did  about  him  smile," 
but  entered  into  bis  closet  on  his  behalf,  in  his  luiur  nf 
darkness  and  disgrace,  to  pray  that  God  would  "give  him 
strength  in  his  day  of  adversity," — twice  Bare  Ben  Jonson 
thus  adverts,  when  he  declares  that  the  Novum  Organum, 

'■Though  by  the  most  of  superticial  men  who  cannot  get  bL-- 
yond  the  title  of  Noniinals,  it  is  not  penetrated  or  understood,  it 
really  openeth  all  defects  of  learning  whatsoever,  and  is  a  book 
't.jui  limgnm  noto  sci'iplori  |jnnagat  avum. 
'To  latesl  (ime  shall  hand  the  author's  name."" 

Morhof.  in  his  Polyhistor.  commends  this  work  in  the 
highest  terms,  remarking  that  he 

'■  Had  found  but  very  little  in  the  books  since  written  by  English- 
men, the  grounds  of  which  ho  had  not  long  before  met  with  in 
Bacon;  the  extent  of  his  genius  struck  him  with  admiration,  as 
it  must  do  every  man  who  takes  the  pains  to  understixud  liitii; 
because,  though  this  new  knowledge  of  his  be  very  difficult,  and 
requires  much  study  and  applicatiou  to  master  it,  yet  it  leads  to 
the  knowledge  of  thinL's.  and  not  of  words." 

Voltaire  is  not  behind  in  commendation  : 

"  The  most  singular  and  the  l^est  of  all  his  ]iieces  is  that  which 
is  most  useless  and  least  read.  I  mean  his  Novum  Scientiarum 
Organum  :  this  is  the  scatl'old  with  which  the  new  Philosophy  was 
raised,  and  when  the  edifice  was  built,  part  of  it,  at  least  the  scaf- 
fiild.  was  no  longer  of  service.  The  Lord  Bacon  was  not  yet  ac- 
quainted with  nature,  but  then  he  knew,  and  pointed  out,  the 
Several  paths  that  led  to  it." — LHtcrson  the  English  Nniion  ;  '/notnl 
in  (hf  Biog.  Brit.  The  whole  of  this  excellent  article  should  be 
perused. 

Let  US  quote  the  opinions  of  a  few  modern  writers  : 

'■  Though  he  possessed,  in  a  most  eminent  degree,  the  genius  of 
philosijphy.  he  did  not  unite  with  it  the  genius  of  the  sciences ; 
the  methods  proposed  by  him  for  the  investigation  of  truth,  con- 
sisting entirely  of  precepts  which  he  was  unable  to  exemplify,  had 
little  or  no  elFeit  in  acceleiating  the  rate  of  discovery." — Coxdor- 
CET:  in  DiigiiUl  Stf'i.-cn's  I'-rl.  Diss,  to  Encijc.  Brit. 

"  The  merits  of  b'ac'o.as  the  father  of  Experimental  Philosophy, 
are  so  universally  acknowledged,  that  it  would  be  superfluous  to 
touch  upon  them  here.  The  lights  which  he  has  struck  out  in 
various  branches  of  tlie  Philosophy  of  Mind  have  been  much  le.ss 
attended  to.  .  .  In  the  extent  and  accuracy  of  his phi/sical  know- 
ledge, he  was  t;ir  inferior  to  many  of  his  predecessors;  but  he  sur- 
passed them  all  in  his  knowledge  of  the  laws,  the  resources,  and 
the  limits  of  the  human  understanding'." — Dcovld  Stewart,  ibid. 

'•"Without  any  di'^parau'eiueut  to  tln^  adiiiiialil.-  treatise  De  Aug- 
mentis. we  must  say.  that,  in  nur  jinlL'Tin-nt.  l5;iiou's  greatest  per- 
formance is  the  tir.st  liook  of  the  Novum  Organum.  All  the  pecu- 
liarities of  his  extraordinary  mind  are  found  there  in  the  Iiighest 
perfection.  Many  of  the  aphorisms,  but  particularly  those  in 
which  he  gives  examples  of  the  intluenco  of  the  idola.  show  a 
nicety  of  observation  that  has  never  been  sui-passed.  Every  ]iart 
of  the  book  blazes  with  wit.  but  with  wit  which  is  employed  only 
to  illustrate  and  decorate  truth.  No  book  ever  made  so  great  a 
revoluiion  in  the  mode  of  thinking,  overthrew  so  many  prejudices, 
introduced  so  many  new  opinions." — T.  15.  IMac.vulay  :  the  reader 
should  peruse  and  reperuse  this  admirable  article. 

The  De  Augmentis  Scientiarum,  a  translation  of  the 
Advancement  of  Learning,  revised  and  enlarged,  (sec  onfr.) 
was  published  in  1623.  The  Biblical  Simile  of  King 
James  has  been  imputed  to  this,  as  well  as  the  preceding, 
work.  The  tran.slation  was  made  by  Ben  Jonson,  George 
Herbert,  and  other  friends. 

Apothegms,  1025. 

'•  The  best  jestrbook  ever  given  to  t  he  public." — £t/in.7>*cu.,No.  132. 

Translation  of  Psalms  into  English  Verse,  1625. 

"  Aubrey  declared  Lord  Bacon  to  have  been  a  good  poet,  but  in 
this  work  his  piety  is  more  to  be  commended  than  his  poetry.  It 
was  dedicated  to  his  friend,  the  incomparaltle  George  Herbert." 

Among  his  principal  works  may  also  be  reckoned  the 
Sylva  Sylvarum  and  the  New  Atlantis.  A  list  will  be 
found  in  Watt's  Bildiotheca  Britannica.  Mr.  I^Iontagu's 
complete  edition,  published  lS2o-34,  comprises  no  les"  than 
17  volumes.  As  the  reader  will  frequently  find  in  notices 
of  Bacon's  philosophy  references  to  the  Instauratio  Magna, 
or  Instauration  of  the  Sciences,  we  can  hardly  properly 
dismiss  our  subject  without  giving  a  brief  programme 
(abbreviated  from  Mr.  Haliam's  excellent  Introduction  to 
the  Lit.  of  Europe — a  book  which  should  be  in  every  li- 
brary) of  this  noble  project  of  Lord  Bacon  : 

"  The  Instjiuratio  JMagna.  dedicated  to  James,  is  divided,  accord- 
ing to  the  masniticent  ground-plot  of  its  author,  into  six  parts. 

"  The  first  of  these  he  entitles  Partitiones  Scienti  i-um,  comprc- 
hendinjx  a  general  summary  of  that  kind  of  knowlfidtre  which 
mankind  already  possess:  yet  not  iMi-r<ly  treating;  this  aflRrma- 
tively.  but  taking  special  notice  of  Mhat<Mrr  should  Mem  deficient 
or  imperfect;  sometimes  even  supplying,  by  illustration  or  pre- 

91 


BAG 

cept,  these  vacant  spaces  of  sciencit.  This  first  part  he  declares  to 
be  wautiug  iu  the  Instaunitio.  It  has  bet-u  chiflly  supplied  by 
the  treatise  De  Aujj;mentis  Sfieiitiarum;  yet.  perhaps,  eveu  that 
does  not  fully  come  up  to  the  amplitude  uf  his  design. 

"The  second  part  of  the  Instauratio  was  to  be.  as  he  expresses 
it,  '  the  science  of  a  better  aud  more  perfect  use  of  reason  in  the 
investigation  of  thiiiL^s.  and  "f  the  true  aids  of  the  undtfrstandinfi;.' 
the  new  logic  or  imiiK-livt-  inulhod  in  which  what  is  emiiuMitly 
styled  the  Baconian  jihilust  iphy  consists.  This,  as  far  as  he  completed 
it,  is  known  to  all  by  the  name  of  the  Novum  Organum.  But  he 
Beems  to  have  designed  a  fuller  treatise  in  place  of  this;  the  apho- 
risms into  which  he  has  digested  it  being  rather  the  heads  or 
theses  of  chapters,  at  least  in  many  places,  that  would  have  been 
farther  expanded.  It  is  entitled  by  himself  I'artis  secundx  sum- 
ma,  digesta  in  aphorismos."     See  preceding  remarks. 

"The  third  part  of  the  Instauratio  Magna  was  to  comprise  an  en- 
tire natural  history,  diligently  and  scrupulously  collected  from 
experience  of  every  kind;  including  under  that  name  of  natural 
history  every  thing  wherein  the  art  of  man  has  been  employed  on 
natural  subst,inces.  either  for  practice  or  experiment;  no  method 
of  reasoning  being  sufficient  to  guide  us  to  truth  as  to  natural 
things,  if  they  are  not  themselves  clearly  and  exactly  apprehended. 
It  is  unnecessary  to  observe  that  very  little  of  this  inuiieiise  chart 
of  nature  could  be  traced  by  the  hand  of  Bacon,  or  in  his  time. 
His  Centuries  of  Natural  History,  containing  about  one  thousand 
observed  facts  aud  experiments,  are  a  very  slender  contribution 
towards  such  a  description  of  universal  nature  as  he  contem- 
plated; these  form  no  part  of  the  Instauratio  Magna,  and  had 
been  compiled  before.  .  .  . 

"  The  fourth  part,  called  Scala  Intellectfls,  is  also  wanting,  with 
the  exception  of  a  very  few  introductory  pages.  *  By  these  tables,' 
says  Bacon,  'we  mean  not  such  examples  as  we  sn>>join  to  the 
several  rules  of  our  method,  but  types  and  models,  which  place 
before  our  eyes  the  entire  progress  of  the  mind  in  the  discovery 
of  truth,  selecting  various  and  remarkable  instances.'  .  .  . 

"  In  the  fifth  part  of  the  Instauratio  Magna.  Bacon  had  designed 
to  give  a  specimen  of  the  new  philosophy  which  he  hoped  to  raise 
after  a  due  use  of  his  natural  history  and  inductive  method,  by 
way  of  anticipation  or  sample  of  the  whole.  He  calls  it  Prodromi, 
give  Anticipationes  Philosophiie  Secundae.  And  some  fragments 
of  this  part  are  published  by  the  names  Cogitata  et  Visa.  Cogitar 
tiones  de  Natura  Rerum,  Filum  Labyrinth!,  and  a  few  more,  being 
as  much,  in  all  probability,  as  he  had  reduced  to  writing.  In  his 
own  metaphor,  it  was  to  be  like  the  payment  of  interest  till  the 
principal  could  be  raised;  tanquam  fcenus  reddatur,  donee  sors 
haberi  possit. 

'■  For  he  despaired  of  ever  completing  the  work  by  a  sixth  and 
last  portion,  which  was  t^  display  a  perfect  system  of  philosophy, 
deduced  and  confirmed  by  a  lei^itiinate.  sot>er.  and  exact  inquiry, 
according  to  the  method  which  he  had  invented  and  laid  down. 

"  'To  perfect  this  last  part  is  above  our  powers,  and  beyond  our 
hopes.  We  may.  as  we  trust,  make  no  despicable  beirinnings:  the 
destinies  of  the  human  race  must  complete  it;  in  such  a  manner, 
perhaps,  as  men  looking  only  at  the  present  would  not  readily 
conceive.  For  upon  this  will  depend  not  only  a  speculative  good, 
but  all  the  fortunes  of  mankind,  and  all  their  power."  And  with 
an  eloquent  prayer  that  his  exertiniis  may  i>e  reinlni'd  t-fTertual  to 
the  attainment  of  truth  and  happimss.  this  intnidu^  tni  y  ( luiptrr 
of  the  Instauratio.  which  announces  the  distrilmlinn  of  its  por- 
tions, concludes.  Puch  was  the  temple,  of  which  Bacon  saw  in 
vision  before  him  the  stately  front  and  decorated  pediments,  in  all 
their  breadth  of  light  and  harmony  of  proportion,  while  long 
vistas  of  receding  columns  and  glimpses  of  internal  splendour  re- 
vealed a  glory  that  it  was  not  permitted  him  to  comprehend.  In 
the  treatise  De  Augmentis  Scientiarum.  and  in  the  Novum  Orga- 
num. we  have  less,  no  doubt,  than  Lord  Bacon,  nnder  dilTerent 
conditions  of  life.  miL'ht  have  achieved;  he  might  have  been  more 
emphatically  the  high-priest  of  nature,  if  he  had  not  been  the 
Chancellor  of  .Tames  I.;  but  no  one  man  could  have  filled  up  the 
vast  outline  which  he  alone,  in  that  stage  of  the  world,  could  have 
Bo  boldly  sketched." 

It  is  proper  to  refer  to  Bacon's  celebrated  division  of 
Human  Learnins;.  into  the  three  branches  of — 1.  History: 
2.  Poetry;  aud  3.  Philosophy;  (vide  De  Aufjraentis  Sci- 
entiarum. lib.  i.,)  connected  with — 1.  Memory :  2.  Ima- 
gination :  and  3.  Reason.  Bacon's  Intellectual  Chart  has 
been  corrected  and  improved  by  his  ingenious  disciple, 
D'Alembert.  The  subject  is  a  tempting  one  for  enlarge- 
ment, but  we  have  already  far  exceeded  our  intended 
limits,  and  must  refer  our  reader  for  information  on  this 
and  other  topics  connected  with  the  Baconian  philosophy 
to  the  1st  and  3<1  Prcl  Diss,  to  the  Encyc.  Brit.  The 
names  of  Stewart  and  Playfair  aflord  a  sufficient  guaran- 
tee for  instruction  and  entertainment. 

Having  thus  reviewed  at  some  length  the  principal 
works  of  Lord  Bacon,  perhaps  a  fitting  conclusion  to  our 
sketch  will  be  a  citation  of  some  opinions,  in  addition  to 
those  we  have  presented,  respecting  an  author  who  has 
been  not  extravagantly  landed  as  the  "  Glory  aud  orna- 
ment of  his  age  and  nation  :" 

"Though  there  was  bred  in  Ulr.  Bacon  so  early  a  dislike  of  the 
Phvsiology  of  AristoUe.  yit  he  did  not  despise  him  with  that 
pride  and  haughtiness  with  which  youth  is  wont  to  In-  pufTrd  up. 
He  had  a  just  estei-m  <\f  that  great  master  of  Icaniiti^;,  greater 
than  that  which  Aristntle  exprpssed  himself  towards  the  })biloso- 
phers  that  went  before  him  ;  for  he  endeavoured  (some  say)  tostitle 
all  their  labours,  designing  to  himself  an  universal  monarchy 
over  opinions,  as  his  patron  Alexander  did  over  men.  Our  hero 
owned  what  was  excellent  in  him.  but  in  his  inquiries  into  nature 
he  proceeded  not  upon  his  principles.  He  began  the  work  anew, 
and  laid  the  foundation  of  philosophic  theory  in  numerous  expe- 
riments."— AacHbiSHOP  Temson:  Buconia. 
92 


BAG 

Gfe'orge  Sandys,  the  poet  and  traveller,  in  his  learned 
notes  on  his  version  of  Ovid's  Metamorphoses,  acknow- 
ledges himself  to  be  much  bchuUlcu  tu  the  De  Sapientia 
Veterum,  and  styles  the  writer  the  "  crown  of  all  modern 
authors." 

"  This  plan  as  laid  down  by  him  looks  liker  an  universal  art  than 
a  distinct  logic,  aud  the  design  is  too  great,  aud  the  induction  too 
lar^e  to  be  made  by  one  man.  or  any  society  of  men  in  one  age.  if  at 
all 'practicable.  For  whatever  opinion  he  might  have  of  the  con- 
clusiveness of  this  way,  one  cross  circumstance  in  an  experiment 
would  as  easily  overthrow  his  induction,  as  an  ambiguous  word 
would  disorder  a  syllogism;  and  a  man  needs  only  make  a  trial  in 
any  part  of  natural  history,  as  left  us  by  my  Lord  Bacon,  to  see  how 
conclusive  his  induction  was  like  to  have  been.  To  say  nothing, 
that  notwithstanding  his  blaming  the  common  logics,  as  being  too 
much  spent  iu  words,  himself  runs  into  the  fault  he  condemns:  for 
what  else  can  we  make  of  his  Idula  Tribus,  Idola  Specus,  For^ 
Theatri;  or  of  his  instantije.  solitaria\  migrantis,  ostensivK,  clan 
destina?,  constitutiva?,  <fcc.,  but  fine  words  put  to  express  very 
common  and  ordinary  things?" — B.\kee. 

Mr.  T.  B.  Macaulay  has  a  criticism  upon  the  Baconian 
terminology  somewhat  of  the  same  character  as  Mr.  Baker's, 
which  he  thus  humorously  phrases : 

"We  are  not  inclined  to  ascribe  much  practical  value  to  the 
analysis  of  the  inductive  method  which  Bacon  has  given  in  the 
second  book  of  the  Novum  Organum.  It  is  indeed  an  elaborate 
and  correct  analysis.  But  it  is  an  analysis  of  that  which  we  are 
all  doing  from  morning  to  night,  and  which  we  continue  to  do  even 
in  our  dreams.  A  plain  man  finds  his  stomach  out  of  order.  He 
never  heard  Jyord  Bacon's  name.  [He  must,  indeed,  be  a  "plain 
ninn."  like  Jacob,  "dwelbng  in  tenbs.'*  never  to  have  /u^ard  of  Lord 
Bacon.]  But  he  proceeds  in  the  strictest  conformity  with  the  rules 
laid  down  in  the  second  book  of  the  Novum  Organum,  and  satis- 
fies himself  that  minced  pies  have  done  the  mischief.  '  1  ate  minced 
pies  on  Monday  and  Wednesday,  and  I  was  kept  awake  by  indi- 
gestion all  night.'  This  is  the  compareiitut  ad  ivfelhdum  insfan- 
tuirum  cmwentattem.  '  I  did  not  eat  any  on  Tuesday  and  Friday, 
and  I  was  quite  well.'  This  is  the  comparentia  iiista/itiamvi  in 
proximo  qua  luUiira  data  privaiitur.  '  I  ate  very  sparingly  of  them 
on  Sunday,  and  was  very  .slightly  indisposed  in  the  evening.  But 
on  Christmas-day  1  almost  dined  on  them,  aud  was  so  ill  that  I  was 
in  some  danger.'  This  is  the  cnmpar>nHa  im'taniiarum  sfcuvdum 
mogis  H  mavits.  *It  cannot  have  been  the  brandy  which  I  took 
with  them ;  for  I  have  drunk  brandy  daily  for  years  without  being 
the  worse  for  it.'  This  X^iYie  rejectio  mdiiarum.  Our  invalid  then 
proceeds  to  what  is  termed  by  Bacon  the  Yindemiatis.  and  pro- 
nounces that  minced  pies  do  not  agree  with  him.  We  might  go 
on  to  what  are  called  by  Bacon  pr(prnffotiv(r  instantiarum.  For 
example:  '  It  must  be  something  peculiar  to  minced  pies,  for  I  can 
eat  any  other  pastry  without  the  least  bad  effect.'  This  is  the  in- 
stantia  ^iohtama.  We  might  easily  proceed,  but  we  have  already 
sufficiently  explained  our  meaning." 

Now  this  is  all  very  amusing,  but  whether  it  bave  any 
other  merit,  we  leave  it  to  the  reader  to  decide.  We  contend 
that  this  devotee  to  minced  pies  argues  more  like  a  philoso- 
pher who  had  profited  by  the  inductive  mode,  (although 
perhaps  ignorant  of  its  terminology.)  than  "plain  men  who 
have  never  heard  of  Lord  Bacon"  are  apt  to  reason.  Fur- 
ther, it  is  not  indispensable  to  a  "plain  man's"  profiting  by 
the  Baconian  system,  that  he  should  have  hoard  of  Lord 
Bacon.  It  is  with  philosophy  as  with  the  light  of  the  sun — 
thousands  enjoy  its  advantages  where  one  understands  its 
nature.  The  question  is  whether  the  reveller  in  minced 
pies  in  the  19th  century,  be  not  more  favourably  situated 
for  the  correction  of  undue  indulgence,  than  was  bis  brother 
epicure  of  the  16th  century.  Or  whether  a  man  who  was 
put  to  bed  by  minced  pies  under  the  Organon  of  Aristotle, 
would  not  sitffer  a  daily  repetition  of  the  offence  and  pen- 
alty, instead  of  reasoning  and  abjuring,  as  does  Mr.  Ma- 
caulay's  invalid,  under  the  brighter  dispensation  of  the 
Organon  of  Bacon.  Besides,  the  whole  business  of  life  is 
not  to  luxuriate  in  minced  pies:  the  Mart,  the  Forum,  the 
Altar,  and  the  Camp,  all  bave  their  duties  and  their  codes, 
which,  if  based  upon  reason,  may  be  perfected  by  induc- 
tion ;  and  unless  Mr.  Macaulay  indited  his  able  essay  about 
Christmas-time,  for  the  January  number  of  the  Edinburgh, 
we  cannot  conceive  how  he  happened  to  select  so  odd  an 
illustration  of  the  i7}8tantiar7iin  cotirciiitJifcin.  But  to  be 
serious  :  we  happen  to  remember  a  passage  of  Mr.  Hallam's, 
bearing  upon  such  objections  as  those  advanced  by  Mr. 
Baker  and  Mr.  Macaulay:  whether  meant  for  these  gen- 
tlemen or  not.  we  have  no  means  of  knowing,  but  his  reflec- 
tions could  not  he  more  to  the  purpose: 

"  Those  who  object  to  the  importance  of  Lord  Bacon's  precepts 
in  philosophy,  that  mankind  have  practised  many  of  them  imme- 
morially.  are  rather  confirming  their  utility,  than  taking  off  much 
from  their  originality  to  any  fair  sense  of  that  term.  Every  logical 
method  is  built  on  the  common  faculties  of  human  nature,  which 
have  been  exercised  since  the  Creation  in  discerning,  better  or  worse, 
truth  fiiim  falsehnod.  and  inferring  the  unknown  from  the  known. 
That  men  might  have  done  this  more  correctly,  is  manifest  from 
the  quantity  of  error  into  which,  fn^ni  want  of  na^^nning  well  on 
what  came  before  them,  they  have  h.Hbitoail>  fiillen.  In  experi- 
mental philusophv.  to  which  the  more  special  rules  of  Lord  Bacon 
are  generallv  referred,  there  was  a  notorious  want  of  that  very 
process  of  reasoning  which  be  has  supphed." — Jntrvduction  to  Lit. 
Europe,  vol.  ii. 


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Bushel,  in  his  Abridgment  of  Bacon's  Philosophical 
Theory  in  Mineral  Prosecutions,  gives  a  pathetic  account 
of  the  sad  fall  of  the  Lord  Chancellor : 

"  Shortly  after  the  king  dissolved  the  Parliament,  but  never  re- 
stored that  matchless  lord  to  his  place,  which  made  him  then  to 
wish  the  many  years  he  had  spent  in  state  policy  and  law  study 
had  been  solely  devoted  to  true  philosophy :  for  (said  he)  the  one, 
at  the  best,  doth  but  comprehend  man's  frailty  in  its  greatest 
splendour;  but  the  other  the  mysterious  linowledge  of  all  things 
created  in  the  six  days'  work." 

^  We  need  no  voucher  for  the  authenticity  of  this  reflec- 
tion !  Itis  Lord  Bacon's!  The  image  and  the  superscrip- 
tion are  there !  We  are  told  by  Rushworth  that 
_  •■  lie  treasured  up  nothing  for  himself  or  family,  but  was  over 
indulgent  to  his  servants,  and  connived  at  their  takings,  and  their 
ways  betrayed  him  to  that  error :  they  were  profuse  and  expensive, 
and  had  at  their  command  wh.atever  he  wiis  master  of" 

••  Who  can  forbear  to  observe  and  lament  the  weakness  and  in- 
firmity of  human  nature  ?  To  see  a  man  so  far  exalted  above  the 
common  level  of  his  fellow-creatures,  to  sink  so  far  below  it ;  to  see 
a  m.in  who,  like  Seneca,  gave  admirable  rules  for  the  conduct  of 
life,  and  condemning  the  avaricious  pursuit  after  riches,  and,  whiit 
IS  unlike  Seneca,  condemning  them  in  his  own  person,  and  yet  be 
defiled  thereby."— Sc/j/wMs's  Intrr,di:clion  to  Bamn's  Letters. 

•'  The  Chancellor  being  convii-ted  of  hiiliery,  pretends,  as  if  being 
we.ary  of  honour,  he  would  resi.-n  hi.s  place,  being  much  loaded 
with  calumnies."— 0(m(fcre'.s  Ann, as  ,,f  King  James. 

'•  His  great  spirit  was  brought  low.  and  this  hnmili,ation  mi-ht 
have  raised  him  again,  if  his  offences  had  not  been  so  wei"btv°as 
to  keep  him  down.  .  .  .  He  was  a  fit  jewel  to  have  beautified  and 
adorned  a  flourishmg  kingdom,  if  his  flaws  had  not  dis"raced  the 
lustre  that  should  have  set  him  o[f."— ITOson's  Life  and  Eeian  of 
King  James.  i^     j 

•■the  Parliament  was  prorogued  at  Easter,  from  the  27th  of 
March  to  the  18th  of  April,  the  nianiuis  halving  his  eye  therein 
upon  the  Lord  Chancellor,  to  try  if  time  could  mitig.ite  the  dis- 
pleasure, which  in  both  Houses  was  strong  against  him."— Hacket  • 
Life  of  ArcMiishoj}  JVilliams. 

An  eminent  authority  remarks  that 

•■  The  Earl  of  S.alisbury  was  .an  excellent  speaker,  but  no  good 
penman;  Lord  Henry  Howard  was  an  excellent  penman,  but  no 
good  spe.aker;  Sir  Francis  Bacon  alike  eminent  for  both  "—Sir 

W.\LTER  R.U.E1QH. 

Lord  Bacon  committed  his  Orations  and  Epistles  to  the 
care  of  Archbishop  Williams,  who  addressed  him  as  follows  • 

"  Your  Lordship  doth  most  worthily,  therefore,  in  preservin"- 
these  two  pieces  among  the  rest  of  those  matchless  monuments 
you  sh.all  leave  behind  you:  considering  that  as  one  age  hath  not 
hred  your  experience,  so  is  it  not  fit  it  should  be  confined  to  one 
age,  and  not  imparted  to  the  times  to  come;  for  my  part  therein 
1  do  embrace  the  honour  with  all  thankfulness,  and  the  trust  im- 
posed upon  me  with  all  religion  and  devotion." 

■•  Your  Lordship  bath  done  a  great  and  everlasting  benefit  to  all 
the  children  of  N.ature.  and  to  Nature  herself  in  her  utmost  ex- 
tent of  latitude,  who  never  before  had  so  noble  nor  so  true  an  in- 
terpreter, or  (as  I  am  readier  to  style  your  Lordship)  never  so  in- 
ward a  Secretary  of  her  cabinet."— i^rtcr^om  Sir  Henry  Wotton 
on  receiving  a  copy  oftlie  Nrnmm  Orgamim. 

The  University  of  0-\ford,  shortly  after  his  fall,  acknow- 
ledged, in  the  most  laudatory  terms,  the  gift  of  a  copy  of 
the  De  Augmentis  Scientinrum  : 

"  P.ight  honourable,  and  whiit  in  nobility  is  almost  a  miracle 
most  learned  Viscount!  Your  honour  could  have  given  nothinrr 
more  agreeable,  .and  the  University  could  h.ave  received  iiiitliin- 

more  acceptable  th.an  the  Sciences She  readily  acknowlr.l  ,  1 1," 

that  though  the  IVIuses  .are  born  in  Oxford,  they  grow  elscwh.  re  ■ 
grown  they  are,  and  under  your  pen,  who,  like  some  mi.rhtv  Her- 
cules in  learning,  have  by  your  own  hand,  further  advanced  those 
pi.lars  in  the  learned  world,  which  by  the  rest  of  that  world  were 
supposed  immovable." 

Mr.  Francis  Osborn  declares  that  Bacon  was 

'•The  most  universal  genius  he  had  ever  seen,  or  was  ever  like 
to  see,  had  he  lived  ever  so  long.  He  was  so  excellent,  so  agree- 
able a  speaker,  that  all  who  beard  him  were  uneasy  if  he  wa.s  in 

terrapted,  and  sorry  when  he  concluded Now  this  genenal 

knowledge  he  had  in  all  things  husbanded  by  his  wit,  and  dir'ni- 
ned  by  so  majestical  a  carriage,  he  was  known  to  own,  struck  such 
an  awful  reverence  in  those  he  questioned,  that  they  durst  not 
conceal  the  most  intrinsic  part  of  their  mysteries  from  him  for 
tear  of  appearing  ignorant  or  saucy :  all  which  rendered  him  no 
less  necessary  than  admirable  at  the  Council-table,  where  in  refei- 
ence  to  impositions,  monopolies,  kc,  where  the  meanest  manufac- 
tures were  a  usual  .argument;  and,  as  I  have  heard,  did  in  this 
baffle  tlie  Earl  of  Middlesex,  that  was  born  and  bred  a  Citizen  ■ 
yet  without  any  great,  (if  at  .all,)  interrupting  his  other  studies' 
as  IS  not  hard  to  be  imagined  of  a  quick  apprehension,  in  which 
he  was  admirable."- ilfisceil.  Works  nf  Francis  Osborn  \T>o 
.CJ^H  A  J"""  ^",^'^1  ?"'  entertained  with  some  liberar.ialarv, 
nisbS  ^tf""™"  '"f";^'»"'  of  ™"rt  and  judicature,  and  f^^rl 
nished  with  sufBciency  both  of  means  and  helps  for  the  goin^  on 
of  his  design;  which,  h.ad  it  been,  he  might  have  given  us  such  a 
body  of  N.atnral  Philosophy,  and  made  it  so  subsir,  lent  tS  the 


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men's  whole  time,  who  had  studied,  .and  practised,  and  governed 
the  Common  L.aw,  who  had  ahvays  lived  in  the  crowd,  and  borne 
the  greatest  burden  of  civil  business,  should  yet  find  leisure 
enough  for  those  retired  studies,  to  excel  .all  those  men  ivho  sepa- 
rate themselves  for  this  very  purpose?  He  was  a  man  of  strong, 
clear,  powerful  imagination;  his  genius  was  searching  and  iS- 
vincible,  and  of  this  I  need  give  no  other  proof  than  his  style  it- 
self; which,  as,  for  the  most  p.art,  it  describes  men's  minds  is  well 
as  pictures  do  their  bodies,  so  it  did  his  above  all  men  living  ■  the 
courseof  it  vigorous  and  majestic;  the  wit,  bold  and  familiar-  the 
comparisons,  fetched  out  of  the  way,  and  yet  the  most  easy  ■  in 
all,  expressing  a  soul  equally  skilled  in  men  and  nature."        ' 

"  The  incomparable  Jlr.  Boyle  spe,aks  often  of  our  author  in  his 
works,  and  alw.ays  with  honour;  he  styles  him  sometimes  an  il- 
lustrious, at  others,  an  admirable  and  excellent.  Philosopher,  and 
which  is  a  higher  commendation  th.an  any  phrase  could  have  ex- 
pressed, ho  often  imitates  him,  and  professes  a  desire  of  treading 
m  his  paths.  Dr.  Power,  one  of  the  most  active  and  judicious 
among  the  first  members  of  the  Royal  Society,  in  a  learned  treatise 
of  his,  places  at  the  bead  of  his  chapters  the  Latin  text  from  the 
Lord  \  erulam's  works,  to  shew  that  all  the  honour  he  had  claimed 
was  to  have  prosecuted  his  views." 

"No  trivial  p.assages,  [referring  to  the  Life  of  Henry  VII.,]  such 
as  are  below  the  notice  of  a  statesman,  are  mixed  with  his  sa-'e 
remarks ;  nor  is  any  thing  of  weight  or  moment  slubbered  over 
with  that  careless  haste  and  indilTerency  which  is  too  common  in 
other  writers.  No  allowances  are  given  to  the  author's  own  con- 
jecture or  invention,  where  a  little  pains  and  consideration  will 
serve  to  set  the  matter  in  its  proper  and  true  light.  No  imperti- 
nent digressions,  nor  fanciful  comments  distract  his  readers  ;  but 
the  whole  is  written  in  such  a  grave  and  uniform  style,  as  be- 
comes both  the  subject  and  the  artificer."— Bisnop  NicoisON- 
English  Historical  Library. 

On  the  other  h.and,  Catherine  Macaulay  objects  to  the 
portraiture  of  Henry  VIL,  as  we  have  seen,  and  prefaces 
her  dissent  with  some  very  severe  strictures  on  the  .author: 
"Thus  ignominious  was  the  Wl  of  the  famous  Bacon!  despica- 
ble in  all  the  .active  parts  of  litij,  and  only  glorious  in  the  con- 
templative. Him  the  rays  of  knowledge  served  but  to  embellLsh 
not  enlighten;  and  philosophy  itsdf  was  degraded  by  a  conjunc- 
tion with  his  mean  soul :  we  are  told  that  he  often  lamented  that 
ambition  and  vain  glory  bad  diverted  him  from  .spendin"  his 
whole  time  in  the  manner  worthy  of  his  extensive  genius"  but 
there  is  too  much  reason  to  believe,  from  his  conduct,  th.at  ihese 
sentiments  arose  from  the  weight  of  his  mortification.s,  and  not 
from  the  conviction  of  his  judgment.  He  preferred  mean  applica- 
tions to  .James,  and  continued  to  flatter  him  .so  fiir.  as  to  paint  his 
grandfather,  Henry  the  Seventh,  in  an  amiable  MahV—Histoni 
of  England,  vol.  i. 

Rushworth  remarks,  that 

"  His  decrees  were  generally  made  with  so  much  equity  that 
though  gifts  rendered  him  suspected  for  injustice,  yet  never  any 
decree  made  by  him  was  reversed  as  unjust."- Co7(cc(iV>n..it,  vol.  i. 

The  Chancellor  made  an  earnest  defence,  both  when  first 
accused  and  after  sentence.  When  first  suspected,  he  con- 
fidently declares  his  innocence  in  a  letter  to  Buckingham: 
"  Your  Lordship  spoke  of  Purgatory.  I  .am  now  in  it  But  my 
mind  is  in  a  calm ;  fcr  my  fortune  is  my  felicity.  I  know  I  have 
clean  hands  and  a  clean  heart ;  and,  I  hope,  'a  clean  house  for 
friends  or  servants.  But  Job  himself  or  whosoever  was  the  just- 
est  .Indge.  by  such  hunting  for  matters  against  him.  as  hath  been 
used  against  me.  may  for  a  time  seem  foul,  espechally  in  a  time 
when  greatness  is  the  mark,  and  accusation  is  the  game." 

This  indignant  defence  compares  strangely  with  hia 
offer  confession,  and  with  his  letter  to  the  Lords  before 
liis  formal  and  detailed  acknowledgment.  He  remarks 
tliat  understanding  some  justification  was  expected  from 
him,  he  had 


public  good,  that  nei  her  Aristotle  nor  Theophrastus  amongst  the 
Ancients,  nor  Parace  sus,  or  the  rest  of  our  latest  chvmists,  would 
have  been  considerable."— Dit.  Peter  Hetlin  :  Life  ofArchb.  Laud 
Cowley,  in  his  Pindaric  on  the  Royal  Society,  lauds  the 
mighty  discoveries  of  the  great  Lord  Bacon." 
"  Methinks,"  says  Bishop  Sprat  in  his  History  of  the  Royal  So- 
ciety, "m  this  one  man  I  do  at  once  find  enough  occasion  to  ad- 
mire the  strength  of  human  wit,  and  to  bewail  the  weakness  of  a 
mortal  condition;  fljr  is  it  not  wonderful,  that  he  who  had  run 
tnrough  all  the  degrees  of  that  profession  which  usuaUy  takes  up 


"Chosen  one  only  justification  instead  of  all  others;  for  after 
the  clear  submission  and  confession  which  he  should  then  make 
to  their  Lordships,  he  hoped  he  might  say,  and  justify  with  Job 
in  these  words,  I  have  not  bid  my  sin  as  did  Adam,  nor  con- 
cealed my  fault  in  my  bosom." 

Not  only  so,  but  when  he  resigned  the  seals,  he  accom- 
panied the  act  with  the  p.lthetic  exclamation  :  "Re.\  dedit 
culpa  abstulit !"  that  is,  "  The  King  gave,  and  my  own 
faults  have  taken  away  !" 

^  Yet  Mr.  Montagu,  with  charming  naivete,  asks  us  to  be- 
lieve that  Bacon  was  innocent ;  that  he  could  have  proved 
his  entire  innocence;  but  was  generously  willing  to  sacri- 
fice himself  at  the  command  of  the  King  and  the  favourite. 
Like  the  Roman  of  old,  he  determined  to  close  the  "groat 
gulf  fixed"  between  the  throne  and  the  Parliament,  by 
self-immolation.  Mr.  Montagu  is  grave ;  therefore,  we  pre- 
sume, serious.  We  h.are  seen  that  he  defends  Bacon's 
prosecution  of  Essex  by  that  rule  of  leg.al  morality  which 
makes  the  advocate  abjure  every  consideration  which  may 
interfere  with  his  oflicial  eh.aracter.  He  now  makes  Bacon 
utter  the  grossest  falsehoods,  and  expose  himself  to  the 
merited  condemnation  of  the  world  for  judicial  corrup- 
tion, in  order  to  gratify  his  King  and  please  the  King's 
favourite.  First,  he  sacrifices  his  friend  to  his  court  brief, 
and  then  immolates  himself  to  his  King's  whim.  Verily' 
the  golden  rule  itself  is  but  selfishness  compared  to  such 
abnegation  !  Damon  and  Pythias  will  fade  in  story,  and 
the  Suttee  pyre  hardly  arrest  the  attention  of  the  pass- 
ing stranger ! 
Addisouj  after  stating  that  he  would  "show  that  all  the 


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laymen  who  have  exerted  a  more  than  ordinary  genius  in  | 
their  writings,  and  were  the  glory  of  theii-  times,  were 
men  whose  hopes  were  filled  with  immortality,  and  the 
prospect  of  future  rewards,  and  men  who  lived  in  a  duti- 
ful submission  to  all  the  doctrines  of  revealed  religion/' — 
goes  on  to  remark  : 

"  I  phall  in  this  paper  only  instance  Sir  Francis  Bacon,  a  man 
who,  for  greatness  of  genius,  and  compass  of  knowledge,  did  ho- 
nour to  his  age  and  country ;  I  could  almost  say  to  human  nature 
itself.  He  poBsessfd  at  once  all  those  extraordinary  talents  which 
were  divided  amon-^st  the  greatest  authors  nf  antiiiuity.  He  had 
the  sound,  distinrt,  comprehensive  knowledge  of  Aristotle,  with 
all  the  beautiful  lights,  graces,  and  embellishments  of  Cicero. 
One  does  not  know  which  to  admire  most  in  his  writings,  the 
strength  of  reason,  fbrce  of  style,  or  brightness  of  imagination." — 
IhUer,  No.  267. 

Sheffield,  Duke  of  Buckinghamshire,  asserts  that 
"  All  his  works  are,  for  expression,  as  well  as  thought,  the  glory 
of  our  nation  and  of  all  latter  ages." 

Conde  de  Gondamar  wrote  him  a  letter  on  his  fall,  in 
which  he  assures  him  of  the  King  of  Spain's  interposition, 
if  he  judged  it  any  way  couveuieut  fur  the  restoring  of  his 
condition. — Sfrpheits's  Collection. 

Lord  Cavendish,  afterwards  Earl  of  Devonshire,  received 
a  letter  from  Italy,  in  which  it  was  stated  that 

"■  Lord  Bacon  w,as  more  and  more  known,  and  his  books  more 
and  more  delighted  in;  so  that  those  men  who  had  more  than 
ordinary  knowledge  in  human  affairs,  esteemed  him  one  of  the 
most  capable  spirits  of  that  age." 
M.  Voiture  writes : 

"  I  find  evei7  thing  perfectly  fine  that  you  have  sent  me  of  Ba- 
con, but  do  you  not  think  that  Horace,  who  said.  '  Visum  Britan- 
nos  hospitibus  feros.' would  be  much  more  astonished  to  hi-ar  a 
barbarian  talk  iu  this  manner,  and  to  see  that  there  is  not  perhaps 
at  this  day  a  Roman  who  speaks  so  good  Latin  as  this  Knglish- 
man  't  And  would  not  .Tuvenal  say,  with  greater  reason  than  ever, 
*  Nunc  totus  Grajas  nostrasque  hai»et  orbis  Athenas  V  " 

This  compliment  of  M.  Voiture  will  perhaps  recall  to 
some  of  our  readers  the  epigram  with  which  the  learned 
Grotius  honoured  John   Barclay's  classical  erudition  :    it 
will  be  found  under  his  portrait  prefixed  to  the  "  Argenis:" 
"'Gente  Caledonius,  Gallus  natalibus,  hie  est 
Romam  Romano  qui  docet  ore  loqui.' 
'  A  Scot  by  blood — and  French  by  birth — this  man 
At  Rome  speaks  Latin  as  no  Roman  can.' " 
Grotius  speaks  most  favourably  also  of  Bacon's  Life  of 
Henry  VII.,  and  the  learned  Conringius  fully  agrees  with 
this  opinion. 

Baron  Puffendorf  commends  him  in  the  most  exalted 
terms  : 

"The  late  most  wise  Chancellor  of  EnL'bmd  was  the  chief  writer 
of  our  age.  and  carried  as  it  were  the  pt;ni.t.u(i  tlKit  we  mightpress 
forward,  and  make  greater  discoveries  iu  riiilMsuphic  matters,  than 
any  of  which  hitherto  our  schools  had  rung.  .So  that  if  iu  our 
time  any  great  improvements  have  been  made  in  Philosophy, 
there  has  been  not  a  little  owing  to  that  great  man." — Specimai 
Coutrovers.,  cap.  i. 

Puffendorf's  representation  of  Bacon  as  a  "standard- 
bearer,"  instantly  reminds  us  of  the  philosopher's  own  mo- 
dest and  beautiful  comparison.  In  a  letter  to  the  Earl  of 
Salisbury,  he  remarks  that  in  his  bonk  he  was  "contented 
to  awake  better  spirits,  being  himself  like  a  bell-ringer, 
who  is  first  up  to  call  others  to  church."  To  carry  on  the 
ecclesiastical  simile,  as  Aristotle  has  been  called  the  Pope 
of  Philosophy  until  *'  a  greater  arose  in  his  place,"  we  may 
compare  Bacon,  not  to  the  bell-ringer  in  the  steeple,  hut  to 
the  Luther  in  the  pulpit,  who  questioned  his  infiilUbility, 
and  struck  a  fatal  blow  at  the  supremacy  of  that  school 
which  "made  nothing  perfect,"  though  the  bringing  in  of 
a  better  system  did. 

Francis  Buddeus  styles  Bacon  a 

"  New  light  in  Philosophy,  one  who  first  united  speculation  and 
practice,  and  opened  a  passage  to  those  mighty  discoveries  that  have 
been  made  since  his  time." — Compendium  IIlstoruB  PhUosophicce. 
Voltaire  calls  him 

"The  fiither  of  experimental  philosophy,  owning  that  what  sur- 
prised him  most  was  to  find  the  Doctrine  of  Attraction,  which 
is  looked  upon  to  be  the  foundation  of  another  philosophy,  ex- 
pressly Set  down  in  Lord  Bacon's,  in  words  not  to  be  controverted 
or  mistaken." 

"Bacon  was  generous,  easy,  good-natured,  and  naturally  just. 
But  he  had  the  misfortune  to  be  beset  by  domestic  harpies,  who, 
in  a  manner,  farmed  out  his  office ;  and  he  had  given  way  to  into- 
lerable impositions  upon  the  subject  among  the  masters  in  Chan- 
cery."— Guthrie. 
So  Addison  : 

"  His  principal  fault  seems  to  have  been  the  excess  of  that  vir- 
tue which  covers  a  multitude  of  fiiults.  This  betrayed  him  to  so 
great  an  indulgence  towards  his  servants,  who  made  a  corrupt  use 
of  it.  that  it  stripped  him  of  all  those  riches  and  honours  which  a 
long  series  of  merits  had  heaped  upon  him." — Taller,  No.  2t>7. 

This  is  indeed  a  specimen  of  anaviter  in  7nodo.  But 
"Wilson,  "  who  is  acknowledged  not  to  have  been  prejudiced 
against  the  chancellor,"  speaks  in  a  very  different  strain  : 
"  He  was  the  true  emblem  of  human  frailty,  being  more  than 
a  man  in  some  things,  and  less  than  a  woman  in  others.  His 
crimes  were  bribery  and  extortion;  and  these  he  had  often  con- 
9* 


demned  others  for  as  a  judge,  which  now  he  came  to  suffer  for  as  & 
delinquent.  And  they  were  proved  and  aggravated  against  him 
with  so  many  circumstances,  that  they  fall  very  foully  upon  him, 
both  in  relation  to  his  reception  of  them,  and  his  expending  of 
them." — K'lint'ts  His(or)/  of  Emjland. 

It  may  be  pertinent  to  remark  here  that  Buckingham's 
displeasure  at  the  manner  in  which  Williams  received  his 
suggestions  relative  to  depending  cases  in  the  Court  of 
Chancery,  gives  reason  to  fear  that  the  preceding  Lord 
Keeper  was  more  compliant. — Bacon's  Letters,  by  Birch; 
HackeCa  Life  of  Archhp.  Williams. 
Hume  remarks  that 

"  Bacon  was  a  man  universally  admired  for  the  greatness  of  his 
genius,  and  beloved  for  the  courteousness  and  humanity  of  his 
behaviour.  He  was  the  great  ornament  of  his  age  and  nation; 
and  nought  was  wanting  to  render  him  the  ornament  of  human 
nature  itself,  but  that  strength  of  mind  which  might  check  his  in- 
temperate desire  of  preft-rment.  that  could  add  nothing  to  his  dig- 
nity, and  restrain  his  profuse  inclination  to  expense,  that  could  be 
requisite  neither  for  his  honour  nor  entertainment." — History  of 
Grtnt  Bntain. 

"The  great  glory  of  literature  in  this  Island,  during  the  reign 
of  James,  was  my  Lord  Bacon.  Most  of  his  performances  were 
composed  in  Latin;  though  he  possessed  neither  the  elegance  of 
that,  nor  of  his  native  tongue.  If  we  consider  the  variety  of 
talents  displayed  by  this  man — as  a  public  speaker,  a  man  of 
business,  a  wit,  acourtier.  a  companion,  an  author,  a  philosopher — 
he  is  justly  the  object  of  great  admiration.  If  we  consider  him 
merely  as  an  author  and  philosopher,  the  light  in  which  we  view 
him  at  present,  though  very  estimable,  he  was  yet  inferior  to  his 
contemporary,  Galileo,  perhaps  even  to  Kepler.  Bacon  pointed 
out  at  a  distance  the  road  to  true  philosophy :  Galileo  both  pointed 
it  out  to  others,  and  made  himself  consideiuble  advances  in  it." — 
lUd. 

Upon  Avhich  we  have  in  the  British  Biography : 
"Galileo  was  undoubtedly  an  illustrious  man,  and  Kepler  an 
admirable  astronomer:  but  though  we  admit  their  superiority  in 
astronomy,  merhanics,  and  some  particular  branches  of  physical 
knowledu'-*-  it  (ioes  by  nn  means  follow  that  either  of  them  were 
greatri-  (iliilnMn.liprs  than  Bacon.  The  praise  of  Bacon  is  founded 
not  upon  Ills  >kill  in  this  or  that  particular  branch  of  knowledge, 
but  on  his  great  and  comprehensive  understanding,  which  took 
in  almost  the  whole  extent  of  universal  science.  And  he  was  so 
little  indebted  to  the  partiality  of  his  countrymen,  that  his  writ- 
ings appear,  for  some  time  at  least,  to  have  been  more  esteemed 
and  admired  in  foreiirn  countries  than  in  England." 

His  eminent  French  disciple,  D'Alembert,  by  whoso 
means  his  writings  were  more  widely  introduced  to  the 
French  than  they  had  been  previously,  cannot  sufficiently 
commend  our  author: 

"On  considering  attentively  tbe  soimd.  intelligent,  and  exten- 
sive views  of  this  great  man.  the  multiplicity  of  objects  his  pierc- 
ing wit  had  comprehended  within  its  sphere,  the  elevation  of  his 
style,  that  everywhere  m.ikes  the  boldest  images  to  coalesce  with 
the  most  vigorous  precision,  we  should  be  tempted  to  esteem  him 
as  the  greatest,  the  most  universal,  and  the  most  eloquent  of  phi- 
losophers. His  works  are  justly  valued,  perhaps  more  valued 
than  known,  and.  therefore,  more  deserving  of  our  study  than 
eulogium." — An.  Rig.,  vol.  xvi. ;  see  the  whole  of  this  article. 

We  consider  Mr.  Hume  to  be  sufficiently  punished.  He 
was  the  last  man  to  weigh  Bacon,  who  has  displayed  so 
little  of  the  spirit  of  the  true  philosopher  himself.  His 
theory  of  evidence  would  never  have  been  allowed  to  ex- 
pose his  folly  to  the  world,  had  he  understood  even  the 
Com2yarentia  ad  intellect  urn  inatanfiarum  convenientem. 
Bacon's  genius  was  indeed  comprehensive.  Sir  John 
Hawkins  states  that 

"  Lord  H.u-on.  iu  his  natural  history,  has  given  a  great  variety 
of  experiin.'iits  touching  music,  that  show  him  to  have  l.>een  not 
liarely  a  philosopher,  an  enquirer  into  the  pha-nomena  of  sound, 
but  a  master  of  the  science  of  harmony,  and  very  intimately  ac- 
quainted with  the  precepts  of  musical  composition." 

Sir  John  quotes  the  following  remark  of  Lord  Bacon 
as  a  proof  of  his  knowledge  of  the  sciences : 

"  The  sweetest  and  best  harmony  is  when  every  part  or  instru- 
ment is  not  heard  by  itself,  but  a  conflation  of  them  all ;  which 
requireth  to  stand  some  distance  off:  even  as  it  is  in  the  mixture 
of  perfumes,  or  the  taking  the  smells  of  seveml  flowers  in  the 
air." — Histiiry  of  Music.  The  above  authorities,  quoted  from  the 
Biographia  Britannica,  should  be  read  at  length. 

His  chaplain  tells  us  that  our  great  philosopher  pursued 
the  true  plan  of  acquiring  general  knowledge  :  "  He  would 
light  his  torch  at  every  man's  candles."  We  have  referred 
to  the  graphic  picture  which  Osborn  gives  us  of  his  puz- 
zling Lord  Middlesex  at  the  council-table  by  his  minute 
knowledge  of  manufactures  and  the  rules  of  trade.  Os- 
born further  tells  us : 

"  I  have  heard  him  entertain  a  country  lord  in  the  proper  terms 
relating  to  hawks  and  dogs;  and  at  another  time  out-cant  a  Lon- 
don chirurgt'tm." 

Pope  refers  to  the  precision  of  Bacon's  language: 

"  Words  that  icisc  Bacon  or  grave  Kaleigh  spake." 
An  English  dictionary.  Mr.  Seward  remarks,  might  bo 
composed  from  his  works;  but  this  compliment  is  very  in- 
definite, and  not  one,  we  think,  which  Bacon  would  have 
coveted.  Dugald  Stewart  remarks,  in  reference  to  Bacon's 
design  of  classifying  the  multifarious  objects  of  human 
knowledge: 


BAG 

"Nor  must  it  be  forpotten,  to  the  glory  of  his  genius,  that  what 
he  tailed  to  accomplish  remains  to  this  day  a  desideratum  in 
science :  that  the  intellectual  chart  delineat<?d  by  him  is.  with  all  its 
imperfections,  the  only  one  of  which  modern  philosophy  has  yet 
to  boast;  and  that  the  united  talents  of  D'Alembert  and  Diderot, 
aided  by  all  the  li^'hts  of  the  ei;rhtt'enth  yentury.  have  been  able 
to  add 'but  little  to  what  Bacon  performed," — 1st  Prd.  Diss,  to 
Encyc.  Brit.  . ,   ^a,  i, 

''  At  the  time  when  Bacon  wrote,  it  mipht  truly  be  said,  that  a 
email  portion,  even  of  the  learned  ajres.  and  of  the  abilities  of 
learned  men,  had  been  dedicated  to  the  study  of  natural  philoso- 
phy. This  served.  In  his  opinion,  to  account  for  the  imperfect 
state  in  which  he  found  human  knowledge  in  general;  for  he 
thought  it  certain  that  no  part  of  knowledge  could  attain  much 
excellence  without  having  its  foundation  laid  in  physical  science." 
— Peop.  Platfair:  M  Prel.  Diss,  to  Encyc.  Bi-il. 

Professor  Phiyfair  further  remarks,  after  an  analysis  of 
a  portion  of  the  Novum  Organum,  the  second  part  of  the 
Instauration  of  the  Sciences  : 

"  The  power  and  compass  of  a  mind  which  could  form  such  a 
plan  beforehand,  and  trace  not  merely  the  outline,  but  many  of 
the  most  minute  ramitications  of  scienct-s  which  did  not  yet  exist, 
must  be  an  object  of  admiration  to  all  succeeding  ages."— /6(rf. 

'•■\Te  must  constantly  remember  that  the  philosophy  of  Bacon 
■was  left  exceedingly  incomplete.  iMany  lives  would  not  have 
sufficed  for  what  he  had  planned,  and  he  gave  only  the  horcE  siib- 
seciuff  of  his  own.  It  is  evident  that  he  had  turned  his  thoughts 
to  physical  philosophy,  rather  for  an  exercise  of  his  reasoning  tacul- 
ties,  than  from  any  peculiar  aptitude  for  their  subjects,  much  less 
any  advantage  of  opportunity  for  their  cultivation.  He  was  more 
eminently  the  philosopher  of  human  than  of  general  nature.  .  .  . 
Burke,  perhaps,  comes,  of  all  modern  writers,  the  nearest  to  him ; 
but  though  Hacon  may  not  be  more  pmfound  than  Burke,  he  is 
still  more  comprehensive." — U.\ll.\m  :  hitrofluc.  to  Hist.  Lit. 

After  this  *'  cloud  of  witnesses"  to  the  surpassing  merits 
of  our  great  philosopher,  let  us  revert  to  the  opinions  of 
some  of  his  contemporaries.  *'  The  Queen  did  acknow- 
ledge," says  the  Earl  of  Essex  in  a  letter  to  Bacon  himself, 
"you  had  a  great  wit,  and  an  excellent  gift  of  speech,  and 
much  oUier  good  learning.  But  in  law,  she  rather  thought 
you  could  make  shew  to  the  utmost  of  your  knowledge, 
than  tliat  you  were  deep." 

'•  If  it  be  asked.  s:iys  I)r.  Kurd,  how  the  Queen  came  to  form 
this  conclusion,  the  answer  is  plain.  It  was  from  Mr.  Bacon's 
having  a  great  wit.  an  excellent  gift  of  speech,  and  much  other 
good  learning." — HiiriVs  Diahgufs. 

But  Mr.  Stewart  opposes  to  Queen  Elizabeth's  judgment 
on  t-he  law  item   that  of  Mr.  Hargrave : 

"What  might  we  not  have  expected  from  the  hands  of  such  a 
master,  if  his  vast  mind  had  not  so  embraced  within  its  compass 
the  whole  field  of  science,  as  very  much  to  detach  him  from  pro- 
fessional studies?" 

Of  the  exact  sciences,  Bacon  was  by  no  means  a  master; 
he  neither  knew,  nor  cared  to  know,  much  of  the  Mathe- 
matics. He  underrated  the  value  of  this  instrumentality, 
undoubtedly.  Ilobbes  was  an  intimate  of  Bacon,  and,  we 
presume,  supplied  Aubrey  with  the  pleasing  information  he 
communicates,  that,  "  in  short,  all  that  were  (jreat  and  <jood 
loved  and  honoured  him." 

Let  us  not  forget  the  commendation  of  our  great  favour- 
ite, quaint  Thomas  Fuller: 

'•  He  fell  into  a  dislike  of  Aristotle's  Philosophy  as  barren  and 
jejune,  enabling  some  to  dispute,  more  to  mangle-  few  to  find  nut 
truth,  and  none,  if  confining  themselves  to  his  principles.  Hence 
it  was  that  afterwards  he  traded  so  largely  in  experiments;  so 
that,  as  Socrates  is  said  to  be  the  first  who  stooped  towering  specu- 
lations into  practical  morality.  Sir  Francis  was  one  of  the  first  who 
reduced  notional  to  real  and  scientifical  philosophy.  .  .  .  His 
abilities  were  a  clear  confutation  of  two  vulgar  errors,  (libels  on 
learned  men :)  first,  that  judgment,  wit,  fancy,  and  memory  can- 
not conveniently  be  in  conjunction  in  the  same  person ;  whereas 
our  knight  was  a  rich  cabinet,  filled  with  all  four,  besides  a  golden 
key  to  open  it. — Klocution.  Secondly.  •  That  he  who  is  something 
in  all.  is  nothing  in  any  one  art ;'  whereas  he  was  singular  in  sin- 
gulis., and.  being  in-at-all,  came  off  with  credit.  Such  ijho  condemn 
him  for  pride,  if  in  his  place,  with  the  fifth  part  of  his  parts,  had 
been  ten  times  provider  themselves.  ...  He  may  be  said  to  havy 
left  nothing  to  his  executors,  and  all  to  his  heirs,  under  which 
notion  the  learned  of  all  ages  may  be  held." — Worthifs. 

'"  Bacon,  when  like  himself — for  no  man  was  ever  more  inconsist- 
ent— says.  Prudens  questio — dimidum  scientiie  est." — Coleridge: 
1\}hl€  Talk. 

'■  When  I  look  at  the  mind  of  Lord  Bacon,  it  seems  vast,  original, 
penetrating,  analogical,  beyond  all  competition.  When  I  look  at 
his  character,  it  is  wavering.  shutBing.  mean.  In  the  closing  scene, 
and  in  that  only,  he  appears  in  true  dignity,  as  a  man  of  profiiund 
contrition." — CrdVs  li>>niains. 

"  Lord  Bacon  was  the  greatest  genius  that  England,  or  perhaps 
any  other  countrj-,  ever  produced." — Pope  :  .S^jnice's  Anecdotes. 

"In  his  Novum  Organum  he  has  laid  down  the  whole  method 
that  Descartes  afterwards  followed." — I^rd  Bni,iNr.BROKE:  Spence. 

It  is  no  little  satisfaction  to  observe  that  the  melancholy 
fall  of  this  great  man  seems  to  have  excited  but  little  at- 
tention in  foreign  countries:  where  known,  doubtless  in 
many  cases  it  was  attributed  to  political  prejudices,  or  the 
effects  of  that  envy  and  malignity  which,  as  Bacon  him- 
self phrases  it,  makes  "  greatness  the  mark,  and  accusa- 
tion the  game." 

Bayle,  one  of  the  most  inquisitive  and  gossiping  of 


BAG 

encyclopaedists,  seems  to  be  ignorant  of  any  criminal 
charges  against  the  ex-chancelk^r.  His  name  was  in  high 
renown  on  the  continent,  and  *'  eminent  foreigners  crossed 
the  seas  on  purpose  to  see  and  discourse  with  him."  When 
the  Marquis  D'Effrat,  who  caused  his  Essays  to  be  trans- 
lated into  English,  escorted  Henrietta  Maria,  the  Queen 
of  Charles  I.,  to  England,  he  visited  Bacon,  and  was  re- 
ceived by  his  Lordship,  who  was  confined  to  his  bed  by 
sickness,  with  the  curtains  drawn  :  "  You  resemble  the 
angels,"  remarked  the  Marquis:  "we  hear  those  beings 
constantly  talked  of,  we  believe  them  superior  to  mankind, 
and  we  never  have  the  consolation  to  see  them."  Uis 
lordship  replied  that,  "  If  the  charity  of  others  compared 
him  to  an  angel,  his  own  infirmities  told  him  he  was  a  man." 
— ^'tcjyhens's  Account  of  Lonf  Bacon's  Life.  The  Maniuia 
returned  home,  bearing  the  philosopher's  picture  with  him, 
corresponding  with  him  ever  after,  and  esteemed  it  a  pe- 
culiar honour  to  be  styled,  by  his  illustrious  friend,  his  son. 
We  have  referred  to  that  memorable  dinner  at  York 
House,  when  the  Lord  Chancellor,  with  a  chosen  party  of 
distinguished  friends,  "celebrated  his  entrance  into  his 
sixtieth  year."  We  shall  quote  Ben  Jonson's  poem  (a 
specimen  of  which  we  have  already  given)  on  this  inte- 
resting, we  may  say  august,  occasion.  As  few  of  our  readers 
have  the  opportunity  of  seeing  the  lines  in  their  original 
dress,  we  shall  retain  the  antiquated  orthography  of  the 
day.     The  form  of  the  poem 

*'  Implies  a  very  beautiful  fiction;  the  poet  starting,  as  it  were, 
on  his  entering  York  House,  at  the  sight  of  the  (ienius  of  the 
place  performing  some  mystery,  which,  penetrating  from  the  gaiety 
of  his  look,  affords  matter  for  the  compliment :'' 
Lord  Bacon's  Birth  Day. 
*'  Haile,  happie  Genius  of  this  antient  pile! 
How  comes  it  all  things  so  about  thee  smile? 
The  tire,  the  wine,  tlie  men,  and  in  the  midst 
Thou  stand'st,  as  if  some  mystery  thou  did'sti 
Pardon,  I  read  it  in  thy  faee.  the  day 
For  whose  returnes,  and  many,  all  these  pray: 
And  so  doe  I.    This  is  the  sixtieth  year, 
Since  Bacon,  and  thy  Lord,  was  borne  and  here; 
Son  to  the  grave,  wise  Keeper  of  the  Seale, 
Fame  and  foundation  of  the  Knglish  weale: 
What  then  his  father  was,  that  since  is  he, 
Now  with  a  title  more  to  the  degree. 
England's  High  Chancellor!  the  destined  heire 
In  his  soft  cradle  to  his  Cither's  chair; 
Whose  even  thred  the  Fates  spinue  round  and  full, 
Out  of  their  choycest  and  their  whitest  wooll. 
'Tis  a  brave  cause  of  joy ;  let  it  l>e  knowne, — 
For  'twere  a  narrow  gladuesse,  kept  thine  owne. 
Give  me  a  deep-crowned  bowie,  that  I  may  sing, 
In  raysing  him,  the  wysdome  of  my  King." 
"Verily    every   man    at   his   best   estate   is  altogether 
vanity  !"     Well  was  it  said  by  the  sage  of  old — "  Call  no 
man   happy  while  he  lives!"     Even  then,  on  that  high 
festal  day,  the  handwriting  was  on  the  wall,  the  decree 
had  gone  forth — '•  Thy  glory  hath  departed  from  thee  !" 
A  few  weeks  more,  and  he  who  so  proudly  entertained  the 
chief  estates  of  the  realm  on  his  natal  day — the  man  whom 
the  king  delighted  to  honour,  tbe  first  statesman  of  his 
court,  and  the  most  illustrious  philosopher  of  his  age — 
bowed  his  head  in  agony,  and  in  deepest  humiliation  ut- 
tered the  touching  prayer:  "I  beseech  your  Lordships  be 
merciful  to  a  broken  reed  !" 

Let  us  trust  that  he  proved  that  "sweet  are  the  uses  of 
adversity!"  That  in  his  hour  of  darkness  he  could  ex- 
claim Avith  the  Royal  Psalmist,  who  also  "passed  through 
the  deep  waters  :" 

"  Bonum  mihi  quia  humiliasti  me:  ut  discam  justiflcationes 
tuas!" 

That  affliction  was  thus  profitable  to  him,  we  have  good 
ground  for  believing.  In  that  solemn  and  affecting  prayer 
with  which  he  turned  unto  the  Lord  his  God,  we  have  evi- 
dence of  unfeigned  humiliation  and  heartfelt  devotion. 
Mr.  Addison  quotes  this  in  the  Taller,  with  some  most  ap- 
propriate prefatory  remarks  : 

"  I  was  infinitely  pleased  to  find  among  the  works  of  this  extra- 
ordinary man  a  prayer  of  his  own  composing,  which,  for  the  eleva- 
tion of  thought,  and  greatness  of  expression,  seems  rather  the 
devotion  of  an  angel  than  a  man.  ...  In  this  prayer,  at  the  same 
time  that  we  find  him  prostrating  himself  before  the  great  mercy- 
seat,  and  troubled  under  atfiictions  which  at  that  time  lay  heavy 
upon  him.  we  see  him  supported  by  the  sense  of  his  integrity,  his 
zeal,  his  devotion,  and  his  love  to  mankind;  which  give  him  a 
much  higher  figure  in  the  minds  of  thinking  men,  than  that  great- 
ness had  done  from  which  he  had  fallen.  I  shall  beg  leave  to 
write  down  the  prayer  itself,  with  the  title  with  it,  as  it  was  found 
amongst  his  lordship's  papers.  wntt<Mi  in  bis  own  hand;  nol  being 
able  to  furnish  my  readers  with  an  Hiitertainmeiit  more  suitable 
to  this  snlt-mn  time."— Tuf/fr.  207,  Dect-mber  2."'.,  1710. 

A  Prayer,  or  Psuini,  made  by  v\y  Lord  Bacon.,  Chancellor 

of  Euijland. 

"  Host  gracious  Lord  God.  my  merciful  Father  from  my  youth 

up!      My  Creator,  my  Redeemer,  my  Comforter!     Thou.  O  Lnrd. 

soundest  and  searchest  the  depths  and  secrets  of  all  hearts;  thou 


BAC 


acknowledgest  the  upripht  of  heart:  thou  jud;xest  the  hypocrite; 
thou  pouderest  men's  thoughts  and  doings  as  in  a  balance ;  thou 
measurest  their  intentions  as  with  a  line;  vanity  and  crooked 
ways  cannot  be  hid  from  thee. 

"  Rememljer,  0  Lord !  how  thy  servant  hath  walked  before  thee ; 
rememtjer  what  I  have  first  sought,  and  what  hath  been  principal 
In  my  intentions.  I  have  loved  thy  assemblies,  I  have  mourned 
for  the  divisions  of  thy  church,  I  have  delighted  in  the  brightness 
of  thy  sanctuary.  This  vine,  which  thy  riLcht  hand  hath  planted 
In  this  nation.  I  have  ever  prayed  unto  thee  that  it  might  have 
the  first  and  the  latter  rain,  and"  that  it  might  stretch  her  branches 
to  the  seas  and  to  the  floods.  The  state  and  bread  of  the  poor  and 
oppressed  have  been  precious  in  mine  eyes ;  1  have  hated  all  cruel- 
ty and  hardness  of  heart ;  I  have,  though  in  a  despised  weed,  pro- 
cured the  good  of  all  men.  If  any  have  Ijeen  my  enemies.  I  thought 
not  of  them,  neither  liath  the  sun  almost  set  upon  my  displeasure; 
hut  I  have  been,  as  a  dove,  free  from  superfluity  of  maliciousness. 
Thy  creatures  have  been  my  books,  but  thy  Scriptures  much  more. 
1  have  sought  thee  in  the  courts,  fields,  and  gardens;  but  I  have 
found  thee  in  thy  temples. 

'■  Thousands  have  been  my  sins,  and  ten  thousands  ray  trans- 
gressions, V)ut  thy  sanctifications  have  remained  with  me,  and  my 
heart,,  through  thy  grace,  hath  been  an  unquenched  coal  upon 
thine  altar. 

"  0  Lord,  my  strength !  I  have  since  my  youth  met  with  thee  in 
all  my  ways,  by  thv  fatherly  compassions,  by  thy  comfortable 
chastisements,  and  by  thy  most  visible  providence.  As  thy  fa- 
vours have  increased  upon  me,  so  have  thy  corrections;  so  as  thou 
hast  been  always  near  me,  0  Lord !  and  ever  as  my  worldly  blessings 
were  exalted,  -so  secret  darts  from  thee  have  pierced  me;  and 
when  I  have  ascended  before  men.  I  have  descended  in  humilia- 
tion before  thee.  And  now,  when  I  thought  most  of  peace  and 
honour,  thy  hand  is  heavy  upon  me.  and  hath  humbled  me  ac- 
cording to  thy  former  loving-kindness,  keeping  me  still  in  thy 
fatherly  school,  not  as  a  bastard,  but  as  a  child.  ,Tust  are  thy 
judgments  upon  me  for  my  sins,  which  are  more  in  number  than 
the  sands  of  the  sea.  hut  have  no  proportion  to  thy  mercies ;  for 
what  are  the  sands  of  the  sea?  Earth,  heavens,  and  all  these  are 
nothing  to  thy  mercies.  Besides  my  innumerable  sins.  I  confess 
before  thee,  that  I  am  debtor  to  thee  for  the  gracious  talent  of  thy 
gifts  and  graces,  which  I  have  neither  put  into  a  napkin,  nor  put 
it,  as  I  ought,  to  exchangers,  where  it  might  have  made  best  protit, 
but  misspent  it  in  things  fiir  which  I  was  least  lit:  so  I  may  truly 
say,  my  soul  hath  been  a  sti-anger  in  the  cour.se  of  my  pilgrimage. 
Be  merciful  unto  me,  O  Lord,  fir  my  Saviour's  sake,  and  receive 
me  unto  thy  bosom,  or  guide  me  in  thy  ways." 

When  we  admire  the  vast  plans  of  this  great  architect, 
and  contrast  the  magnificoDt  design  with  the  com)mra- 
tively  meagre  performance,  and  then  remember  that  the 
allurements  of  ambition,  and  the  seductions  of  pleasure, 
were  suiBciently  strong  to  tempt  from  his  work  the  wise 
master-builder,  we  feel  as  we  should  on  beholding  the 
gigantic  but  unfinished  proportions  of  the  castle  of  some 
Titan,  who  had  left  his  labour  to  chase  a  butterfly,  or,  in 
some  flowery  grove,  had  wasted  the  noontide  in  inglorious 
repose. 

A  new  edition  of  Bacon's  works  is  Ijeing  pub.  Ijy  Long- 
mans, ed.  by  James  Spedding,  Robert  Leslie  Ellis,  and 
Bouglas  DenoD  Heath. 

Bacon,  Henry,  b.  1813,  at  Boston.  Ordained,  1834. 
Christian  Comforter;  Teachings  and  Tendencies  of  Uni- 
versalism;  Sacred  Flora;  Memoir  of  Mrs.  C.  A.  Jerauld: 
pub.  more  than  60  tracts  and  sermons.  Ed.  Ladies'  Re- 
pository of  Boston  19  years. 

Bacon,  Jas.     A  Catechism  and  Sermon,  1660. 
Bacon,  Jas.     1.  The   Libertine,   1791.    2.   The  A. 
Indian,  1795, 

Bacon,  John.  Con.  to  Medical  Comm.  ii.  296,  1774. 
Bacon,  John.     Liber  Regis,  vel  Thes.aurus  Rerum 
Ecclesiasticarum ;    with    an   appendix,  containing  proper 
Directions  and  Precedents  relating  to  Presentations,  In- 
stitutions, Inductions,  Dispensations,  &c.,  Lon.,  1786. 

Bacon,  John,  1740-1799,  an  eminent  English  sculp- 
tor, wrote  the  Disquisition  on  the  Character  of  Painting 
and  Sculpture,  pub.  in  Rees's  edition  of  Chambers'  Diction- 
ary ;  and  assisted  Mr.  Strutt  in  bis  Diet,  of  Engravers. 

Bacon,  John,  d.  1820,  a  native  of  Connecticut.  A 
Sermon.  1772.  Answer  to  Huntington,  1781.  Speech  on  the 
Courts  of  U.S..  l.'<02.  Conjectures  ou  the  Prophecies,  1805. 
Bacon,  Leonard,  D.D.,  b.  1802,  at  Detroit,  Mich., 
where  his  father  was  missionary  to  the  Indians,  graduated 
at  Yale  College,  1820  ;  studied  theology  at  Andover  four 
years,  and  became  pastor  of  Centre  Church,  New  Haven, 
Conn.,  in  1825,  which  position  he  still  occupies,  (1858.) 
1  Select  Practical  Writings  of  Richard  Baxter,  with  Life 
of  the  Author,  New  Haven,  1831 ;  2d  ed.,  1835,  2  vols.  8vo. 
2.  A  Manual  for  Young  Church-Members,  1833,  ISmo.  3. 
Thirteen  Historical  Discourses  on  the  Completion  of  Two 
Hundred  Years  from  the  beginning  of  the  first  church  in 
New  Haven,  1839.  4.  Slavery  discussed,  in  occasional 
Essays  from  1833  to  '46,  N.  York,  1846.  8vo.  His  nume- 
rous contributions  will  bo  found  in  the  Chris.  Spec,  1822- 
39  inclusive.  The  New  Englander,  1843-58  inc..  The 
Independent,  1849-58  inc.,  of  which  journal  he  is  one  of 
the  editors. 
96 


BAC 

Bacon,  Matthew.  New  Abridgment  of  the  Law; 
6th  ed.,  with  considerable  additions  by  C.  E.  Dodd  and  Sir 
Henry  Gwillim,  Lon.,  1832,  8  vols.  r.  8vo. 

The  second  American  edition  of  this  excellent  work  was 
pub.  in  1842-1856,  in  10  vols  ;  edited  by  Judge  Bouvier  of 
Philadelphia,  well  known  as  the  author  of  the  celebrated 
Law  Dictionary,  and  of  the  Institutes  of  American  Law. 
See  EouviER,  John. 

"  This  work  is  pi-ciliablv  in  more  gener.al  use  in  the  United  States 
than  any  other  English'  Abridgment  of  the  Common  Law.  The 
various  titles  being  written  in  the  form  of  dissertations  renders 
it  quite  a  law  library  in  itself."      See  Marvin's  Legal  Bibl. 

Lord  Eldon  cited  Bacon  as  an  authority.  Bouvier's  edit 
has  the  advantage  of  a  copious  index,  which  renders  it  of 
far  greater  value  than  any  other  edition. 

Bacon,  Mary  A.  1.  Sonnets  on  Flowers,  illuminated 
by  Owen  Jones,  Lon.,  r.  8vo.  2.  Sonnets  on  Fruits,  illumi- 
nated by  Owen  Jones,  1848,  r.  8vo.  3.  Winged  Thoughts, 
illuminated  by  Owen  Jones.  1851,  r.  Svo. 

Bacon,  Sir  Nathaniel,  youngest  son  of  Sir  Nicholas 
Bacon,  the  first  baronet. 

'■  There  is  in  the  Additional  MS.  (in  the  British  Uluseum,  No. 
397)  ■  a  relation  of  the  state  of  Francis  Spira,'  which,  it  is  probable, 
was  written  by  him." — Rose's  Biog.  Diet. 

Bacon,  Nathaniel,  grandson  of  Lord  Keeper  Bacon, 
has  had  attributed  to  him  the  authorship  of  An  Historical 
Discourse  of  Uniformity  of  the  Government  of  England, 
1647-1652.  Reprinted  in  1672,  and  in  1682.  The  pub- 
lisher was  prosecuted  and  outlawed.  The  Earl  of  Chatham, 
in  his  letters  to  his  nephew,  praises  this  work  highly. 

Bacon,  Sir  Nicholas,  1510-1579,  Lord  Keeper  of 
the  Great  Seal  in  the  reign  of  Elizabeth,  father  of  Francis 
Bacon,  the  illustrious  jjhilosopher,  was  educated  at  Eene't 
(now  Corpus  Christi)  College,  Cambridge.  His  biography 
belongs  to  political,  rather  than  to  literary,  history.  A 
number  of  his  Speeches  are  preserved  in  Collections  of 
MSS.,  of  which  Bishop  Tanner  gives  a  list.  Holinshed 
ranks  him  with  those  who  have  written  something  con- 
cerning the  History  of  Engband.  Mr.  Masters  refers  to  a 
commentary  by  Sir  Nicholas  upon  the  12  Minor  Prophets. 
In  1723  was  pub.  his  Right  of  Succession  in  the  Stuarts, 
exclusive  of  Mary  Queen  of  Scots,  defended  against  Sir 
Anthony  Brown. 

"  I  have  come  to  the  Lord-Keeper  and  found  him  sitting  in  hia 
gallery  alone,  with  the  works  of  Quintilian  before  him.  Indeed,  he 
was  a  most  eloquent  man,  of  rare  Icarniug  and  wisdom  as  ever  I 
knew  England  to  breed."— POTTENUiM. 

Bacon,  Phanuel,  d.  1783,  Rector  of  Balden,  of 
Magdalen  Coll.,  Oxf.,  was  author  of,  The  Kite,  a  Poem,  (see 
Gent.  M:ig.,  1758:)  5  dramatic  pieces,  viz.:  1.  The  Taxes. 
2.  The  Insignificants.  3.  The  Tryal  of  the  Time-Killers. 
4.  The  Moral  Quack.  5.  The  Oculist,  all,  1757,  pub.  in  a 
vol.,  and  entitled  Humorous  Ethics,  Ballads,  Songs,  Ac 

Bacon,  R.  The  Laljyrinth  the  Kingdom  is  in,  with 
a  Golden  Thread  to  bring  it  forth  into  Light,  Liberty,  and 
Peace  again,  Lon.,  1646. 

Bacon,  K.  N.  Prize  Essay  on  the  Agriculture  of 
Norfolk,  Lon.,  1846,  Svo. 

"  This  work  is  much  esteemed,  and  contains  the  sentiments  of  a 
sound,  practical  judge,  and  of  an  enlightened  writer." — Donaldson's 
Agrirult.  Biogntphy. 

Bacon,  Robert,  1168?-1248,  an  eminent  English 
divine,  studied  at  Oxford,  where  he  subsequently  read  di- 
vinity lectures.  Dr.  Pegge  thinks  that  he  was  either  elder 
brother,  or  uncle,  of  Roger  Bacon.  The  latter  is  the  con- 
jecture of  Leland  also.  He  wrote,  1.  Glosses  on  the  Holy 
Scripture.  2.  On  the  Psalter.  3.  Discourses.  4.  Lec- 
tures. Pits,  Leland,  Hearne,  Cave,  and  other  authors, 
have  confounded  this  Robert  Bacon  with  Roger. 

Bacon,  Robt.  Misccll.  Pieces  in  Verse,  Lon.,  1790. 
Bacon,  Bakon  or  Bacun,  Roger,  1214-1292,  an 
English  monk  of  the  order  of  St.  Francis,  was  born  near 
Ilciiostcr,  in  Somersetshire.  Although  living  in  the  cen- 
tury in  which  a  number  of  great  names  occur — Thomas 
Aquinas,  Alexander  Hales.  Albertus  Magnus,  Bonaven- 
tura,  &c. — yet  he  is  certainly  second  to  none,  and  perhaps 
deserves  to  be  ranked  first.  After  studying  at  Oxford, 
Bacon  sought  the  advantages  offered  by  the  University  of 
Paris,  then  the  resort  of  all  desirous  of  perfecting  their 
education.  Here  be  formed  that  intimacy  with  Robert 
Grossetestc,  afterwards  Bishop  of  Lincoln,  which  proved 
of  such  service  to  him  in  the  prosecution  of  those  studies 
to  which  he  devoted  his  life.  Pegge  and  Chalmers  deny 
this  intimacy.  He  was  also  largely  indebted  to  the  patron- 
age of  Edmund  Price  Archbishop  of  Canterbury,  William 
Shirwood,  Chancellor  of  Lincoln,  and  Richard  Fishacre, 
a  celebrated  teacher  of  the  sciences.  At  Paris  he  took  the 
degree  of  doctor  of  theology,  after  which,  whether  in 
Franco  or  England  is  not  known,  he  assumed  the  monastic 


BAG 


BAG 


habit  of  the  Franciscans.  Keturnin*;  tu  Eng:land,  he  set- 
tled at  Oxford,  where  ho  is  supposed  to  have  made  his 
principal  experiments  in  natural  philosophy  and  other 
branches  of  st-ieuce  and  speculation.  It  is  not  a  little  re- 
markable that  he  perceived  and  deplored  the  insufficiency 
of  that  system  of  philosophy  which  his  illustrious  name- 
eake,  about  four  hundred  years  subsequently,  so  success- 
fully attacked :  referring  to  the  inadequacy  of  Aristotle's 
canons  to  answer  the  difficulties  to  which  they  are  applied, 
he  remarks  : 

"  Si  habereni  potestatem  super  libros  Aristotelis,  ego  facerem 
omnes  cremari ;  quia  non  est  nisi  temporis  amissio  studere  in  illis, 
et  causa  erroris  et  multiplicatio  ignorantiie  ultra  id  iiuod  Taleat 
explicari.'' 

According  to  Dr.  Hutton,  who  drew  his  knowledge  "  from 
Bome  scarce  books,"  he  expended  in  twenty  years'  researches 
some  £20U0,  a  very  large  sum  for  the  time,  supplied  by 
some  of  the  heads  of  the  Universities.  His  proficiency  in 
learning  was  wonderful.  He  is  said  to  have  been  a  perfect 
master  of  the  Latin,  Greek,  and  Hebrew,  and  to  have  added 
thereto  a  knowledge  of  the  Arabic  tongue.  He  was  pro- 
foundly versed  in  metaphysics,  theology,  grammar,  as- 
tronomy, chemistry,  mechanics,  logic,  chronology,  optics, 
magic,  and  other  departments  of  learning.  He  made  many 
extraordinary  machines,  and  was  so  noted  for  this  skill  as 
to  have  the  reputation  of  a  magician.  Ho  has  the  credit 
of  having  invented  the  air-pump,  the  camera  obscura,  the 
diving-bell,  and  gunpowder.  Some  passages  from  his 
works  have  been  cited  as  a  proof  of  his  having  invented 
gunpowder : 

■■  In  omnein  distantiam.  quam  volumus.  possumus  artificialiter 
couiponere  ignuni  comburentem  ex  sale  petnt*  et  aliis.  .  .  .  Sed 
tamen  salis  petra?  luru  miipr  can  ubre  et  sulphuris;  et  sic  fat-ies 
tniiitruui  et  coruscJitiooem,  si  scies  artificium." — Ep.  de  Secretis 
Opi-rculis  Artis  et  Hatiuce. 

Bacon  is  one  of  a  number  of  learned  men  to  whom  the 
vulgar  imputed  the  manufacture  of  a  brazen  head  which 
possessed  the  faculty  of  speech.  His  patron,  Robert  Gros- 
seteste,  Pope  Sylvester  II.,  and  Albertus  Magnus,  all  had 
the  credit,  or  discredit,  of  having  formed  by  magic  a  won- 
derful head  of  this  character.  Though  indeed  the  latter, 
not  satisfied  with  a  head  only,  made  a  man  complete,  who 
"  not  only  answered  questions  very  readily  and  truly  when 
demanded,"  but  became  so  loquacious  as  to  interrupt  the 
studies  of  Thomas  Aquinas  ;  "  he  was  so  flippant  with  his 
brazen  toiujue,  that  Thomas  Aquinas,  a  reserved  and  con- 
templative person,  and  pupil  at  that  time  to  Albertus  Mag- 
nus, knocked  the  idol  to  pieces  to  stop  its  talking!"  Me- 
thinks  we  see  our  reader  smile;  perhaps  he  is  incredulous; 
but  these  were  very  wise  men,  the  mngicians  of  the  12th 
and  13th  centuries  !  As  to  Friar  Bacon's  brazen  head,  we 
find  in  Rose's  Biog.  Diet.,  "an  abridged  version  of  the  legend 
from  a  rare  tract,  entitled  The  Farmer's  Historie  of  Friar 
Bacon.  4to,  Lon.,  1652.  Friar  Bacon,  it  is  pretended,  dis- 
covered after  great  study,  that  if  he  could  succeed  in 
making  a  head  of  brass  which  should  speak,  and  hear  it 
when  it  spoke,  he  might  be  able  to  surround  all  England 
with  a  wall  of  brass.  By  the  assistance  of  Friar  Bungey, 
and  a  devil,  likewise  called  into  the  consultation,  he  ac- 
complished his  object,  but  with  this  drawback — the  head 
when  finished  was  warranted  to  speak  in  the  course  of  one 
month,  but  it  was  quite  uncertain  when  ;  and  if  they  heard 
it  not  before  it  had  done  speaking,  all  their  labour  would 
be  lost.  After  watching  for  three  weeks,  fatigue  got  the 
mastery  over  them,  and  Bacon  set  his  man  Miles  to  watch, 
with  strict  ininnctions  to  awake  them  if  the  head  should 
speak.  The  fellow  heard  the  head  at  the  end  of  one  half- 
hour  say,  'Time  is!'  at  the  end  of  another,  'Time  was!' 
and  at  the  end  of  another  half-hour,  'Time's  past!'  when 
down  it  fell  with  a  tremendous  crash,  the  blockhead  of  a 
servant  thinking  that  his  master  would  be  angry  if  he  dis- 
turbed him  for  such  trifles  !  We  cannot  conclude  better 
than  in  the  words  of  the  excellent  Robert  llecorde — 'And 
hereof  came  it  that  fryer  Bakon  was  accompted  so  greate 
a  negromancier,  which  never  used  that  arte,  (by  any  con- 
juncture that  I  can  fynde,)  but  was  in  gcometrie  and  other 
mathematicall  sciences  so  experte,  that  he  could  doe  by 
them  suche  thyngesas  were  wonderful  in  the  sight  of  most 
people.' — Pftthway  to  Knowledge,  4to,  Lou.,  1551. '*  A 
leuglhened  account  of  Bacon's  experiments  and  discoveries 
in  the  sciences,  ^c.  does  not,  of  course,  come  under  the 
head  of  literary  history.  We  refer  the  reader  to  the  Biog. 
Brit.,  Rose's  Biog.  Diet.,  Cunningham's  Btog.  History,  &c., 
and  earlier  accounts.  His  writings  were  very  uumerous. 
Leland  complains  that  Bacon's  MSS.  were  so  dispersed, 
that  it  would  be  easier  to  collect  the  leaves  of  the  Sybil 
than  the  very  names  of  the  treatises  he  wrote.  He  gives 
the  titles  of  30.  Bale  collected  the  titles  of  mure  than  SO. 
7 


Pits  brings  the  number  up  to  nearly  one  hundred ;  and  Dr. 
Jebb  classifies  them,  (see  Tabic  in  Biog.  Brit.,)  making  in 
Grammar,  5;  Mathematics,  Physics,  &q.,  23;  Optics,  10; 
Geography,  6 ;  Astronomy.  7  ;  Chronology,  1 ;  Chemistry, 
y;  Magic,  5  ;  Physic,  9;  Theology,  6;  Logic,  Metaphysics, 
and  Ethics,  S ;  Philology  and  Miscellany,  12.  The'Opug 
M.ajus  was  published  by  Dr.  Jebb  in  London,  in  1733,  and 
repub.  at  Venice,  1750.  Speculum  AlchemiEC  Norib.,  1541. 
De  Mirabili  Potestate  Artis  et  Natura*,  .fee,  1512.  In 
French.  Paris,  1612.  Trad,  par  J.  Girard.  In  English, 
Lon.,  1659.  Another  trans,  under  the  title.  Discovery  of 
the  Miracles  of  Art,  Nature,  and  Magic,  Lon.,  1657,  by  T. 
M.  His  Chemical  tracts  will  be  found  in  the  Thesaurus 
Chemlcus,  Svo,  Frankf.,  1603.  The  treatise  on  the  means 
of  avoiding  the  infirmities  of  old  age  was  first  printed  at 
Oxford  in  1590.  In  this  treatise  he  expatiates  upon  secret 
and  mysterious  medicines.  Dr.  Richard  Brown  repub. 
this  work  under  the  title  of  The  Care  of  Old  Age  and  the 
Preservation  of  Youth.  Many  of  his  MSS.  are  unpublished. 
Computus  Rogeri  Baconis;  Compendium  Theologicum, 
and  Liber  Naiuralium,  are  in  the  King's  Library.  Opus 
Minus  and  Opus  Tertian  are  in  the  Cottonian  Library. — 
See  Lists  of  his  Works  in  Biog.  Brit.,  and  in  Watts  Bib. 
Brit.  The  monks  of  his  order  accused  him  of  converse 
with  evil  spirits,  which  caused  the  Pope  to  have  him  im- 
prisoned, but  he  was  released  by  the  successor  to  the  papal 
chair,  Clement  IV.,  by  whose  encouragement  he  wrote  his 
Opus  Majus. 

Dr.  Freind  considers  that  since  the  days  of  Archimedes 
the  world  had  seen  no  greater  genius  than  Roger  Bacon. 
AVe  shall  institute  no  comparison  between  Roger  and  his 
celebrated  namesake,  the  Lord  Chancellor.  In  point  of 
erudition,  Roger  far  surpasses  the  latter.  Gerard  Joannes 
Vossius  gives  Roger  no  meagre  praise: 

"In  tlit^  yt-ar  lli"*'  flourished  in  every  kind  of  learning  among 
the  Eii;;lish,  Jtoj^c^r  IJacon,  a  Monk  of  the  Franciscan  order,  and  an 
Oxford  Divine,  a  man  of  such  vast  learninK,  that  En(::laTid.  nay 
the  whole  world  beside,  had  not  in  this  respect  his  equal,  or  his 
second;  yet  either  through  the  envy  or  the  ignorance  of  the  ai^e 
in  which  he  lived,  he  was  stigmatized  as  a  magician."' — De  j.Vu- 
tnra  Artium. 

"  The  mind  of  Roger  Bacon  was  strangely  compounded  of  al- 
most prophetic  gleams  of  the  future  course  of  science,  and  the  best 
principles  of  the  inductive  philnsnphy,  with  a  more  than  usual 
credulity  in  the  superstition  of  his  own  times." — IIau.am:  Lit. 
of  Euvi'pp.  ?ee  this  excellent  writer's  Resemblance  of  Roger  Bacon 
to  Lord  Hacon,  in  vol.  ii.,  ib.  See  also  Retrospective  Review,  vol. 
vii.  p.  tU. 

Bacon,  Thomas. 
Itacoii,  Thomas, 
Bacon,   Thomas, 

Lawa  ut"  Maryland,  1705. 
nue  of  Ireland.  1774. 

Bacon,  Thomas,  Lt,  First  Impressions  and  Studies 
from  Kature  in  llindostnn,  2  vols.,  Lon.,  1837. 

"The  L'i;i)>li!i'  ilhistralions  of  this  work  are  creditable  to  Mr. 
Bacon's  taste  :iiid  sKiil  as  an  artist." 

Bacon,  Vincent-  Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1734. 
Bacon,  Wm.     A  Key  to  Ilclmont.  Lon.,  1682. 
Baconthorp,  Bacondorp  or  Bacon,  John,  d. 

1.34fi.  was  born  at  BacHnthtirp.  a  vilbigc  in  Norfulk.  He 
studied  first  at  Oxford,  then  at  Paris,  lie  was  called  "  The 
Resolute  Doctor."  Several  of  his  works  have  been  pub- 
lished :  Commentaria  seu  Qunestiones  per  quatuor  Libros 
Sententiarum,  Mediol.,  1510.  Six  editions.  Compendium 
Legis  Christi,  et  Quodlibeta,  Venice,  1527.  Philosophia, 
Aug.  Taur.,  1667,  3  vols.  4to.  A  Catalogue  of  his  writings 
will  be  found  in  Leland,  Bale,  and  Pits.  Baconthorp  was 
the  head  of  the  followers  of  the  -^jhilosopher  Averroes. 
Being  remarkable  for  smallness  of  stature,  Pits  and  Fuller 
make  themselves  merry  therewith  : 

"■  Erat  quidera,  ut  alter  Zachieus.  statura  pusillus.  sed  int^enio 
magnus,  ut  mirum  sit  in  tarn  exili  corpusculu  tantas  habitasse 
virtutes,  et  naturam  in  tantillo  homuncjone  tarn  sublime  colo- 
casse  ingenium.  Tam  ingentia  scripsit  vulumina,  ut  corpus  non 
tulisset  qund  ingenium  protulerat.  Nam  si  moles  librnrum  ejus, 
composita  farcina.  auctoris  humeris  imposita  fuisset,  homulum, 
sine  dubio  comprimere  suffecisset." 

'■  He  was,  like  another  Zacheus,  a  very  dwarf  in  stature,  but  of 
so  great  a  genius,  that  it  is  surprising  such  exalted  virtues  should 
dwell  in  so  small  a  body,  and  that  nature  should  have  placed  so 
sublime  a  wit  in  such  an  epitome  of  a  man.  lie  wrote  such  large 
volumes,  that  his  body  could  not  have  sustained  the  product  of 
his  mind.  For  if  the  weight  of  his  books,  bundled  together,  had 
been  laid  upon  their  authors  shoulder,  the  little  man  must  un- 
doubtedlv  h;ivo  sunk  under  it." — I^ts  De  illus.  Angl.  ^triptor.,  in 
Biog.  Brit. 

Fuller,  who  is  so  ready  in  making  occasion  for  a  witti- 
cism, of  course  avails  himself  of  so  fair  an  opportunity  as 
the  little  Resolute  Doctor  gives  him. 

"  First,  for  the  dwarfishness  of  his  stature, 

'  Scalpellum  calami  atramentum  charta  libellus.* 

97 


Reliques  of  Rome,  Lon.,  1563. 
Sermons  pub.  1749-51. 
lu   American    Epis.    clergyman. 
Complete  System  of  the  Reve- 


BAD 


BAG 


His  pen-knife,  pen.  ink-horn,  on^  sheet  of  paper,  and  anv  of  his 
books,  would  amount  to  his  full  hcrzht.  As  for  all  the  books  of 
his  own  making,  put  tnt^etiKT.  tlirir  liurdcii  were  more  than  his 
body  could  lK*ar.  Secondly,  for  his  hi(]},  spirit  in  his  low  body.  In- 
deed his  soul  liad  but  a  small  din,'ts,-  to  \  isit.  and  therefore  inifrht 
the  better  attend  the  effectual  inf  inuiny;  tliereof  ...  lie  p;ropL-d 
after  more  li,ij:ht  tlian  he  saw.  s;iw  more  than  he  durst  sjn-.-ik  nf. 
spake  of  more  than  he  was  thanked  f:)r  by  thoseof  hissupi-rstitinus 
order,  [English  Carmelites,]  amon;;st  whom,  ( saith  Hale. )  ni-it  h.-r  be- 
fore nor  aftei-,  arose  the  like  for  leamiut^  and  religion.'' —  W'n-tliics. 

Badcoek,  R.    Horticul.  Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1746. 

Badcock,  Rev.  Saml.,  1747-1788,  a  dissenting 
minister,  took  orders  in  the  Church  of  Enj;;Land  in  1787, 
when  he  became  curate  of  Broad  Cly.«t.  lie  was  an  able 
contributor  to  The  London  Review,  London  Maj^azinc, 
General  Evening  Post,  St.  James  Chronicle,  and  to  The 
Monthly  Review.  In  the  last-named  periodical,  he  pub- 
lished a  review  (June  and  Augn.st,  1783)  of  Dr.  Priestley's 
History  of  the  Corruptions  of  Christianity  ;  it  was  wittily 
remarked  of  this  review,  that  no  one  save  Dr.  Priestley 
would  wish  it  to  be  shorter.  The  Doctor  took  his  critique 
so  much  to  heart,  that  in  less  than  a  mouth  he  published 
in  pamphlet  form  A  Reply  to  the  Animadversions,  Ac. 
in  The  Monthly  Review  for  June,  1783,  &c.  This  was 
answered  in  the  September  number  of  the  Review.  The 
principal  point  at  issue  was  the  Doctrine  of  the  Primitive 
Church  concerning  the  Person  of  Christ.  This  review 
"was  generally  admitted  to  be  a  most  triumphant  refuta- 
tion of  Dr.  Priestley's  opinions,  as  well  as  one  of  the  most 
elaborate  specimens  of  criticism  that  modern  times  had 
furnished."  Another  writer  remarks,  *'  Badcoek  continued 
his  assault,  sparing  neither  the  history  nor  the  Defence ; 
and,  in  the  view  of  many,  demolished  the  system  he  had 
assailed."  Ho  pub.  some  memoirs  of  the  Wesley  family, 
which  led  to  some  controversy  with  the  excellent  John 
Wesley.       See  Nichols's  Literary  Anecdotes,  vol.  v. 

"  Mr.  Badcock  was  one  of  the  most  distincuished  literary  men 
of  his  day.  His  judj^meut  was  sin^^ularly  acute  and  compl-ehen- 
sive;  his  learning;  profound  and  various;  his  j;enius  fertile  and 
lively,  but  regulated  by  a  most  exquisite  taste." — Cunningham's 
Biog.  History. 

Mr.  Nichols  introduced  Mr.  Badcock  to  Dr.  Johnson,  and 
the  following  letter  from  Mr.  B.  to  Mr.  N.,  referring  to  Dr. 
Johnson's  opinion  of  Priestley,  i«  not  withnut  interest: 

"  How  much  I  am  obliged  to  you  for  the  favour  you  did  uie  in 
introducing  me  to  Dr.  Johnson!  Tontum  vidi  Viry'ilium.  But  to 
have  seen  him.  and  to  have  received  a  testimony  of  respect  from 
him,  was  enough.  I  recollect  all  the  conversation,  and  sha\\  never 
forget  one  of  his  expressions.  Speaking  of  Dr.  Priestley,  (whose 
writings.  T  saw,  he  estimated  at  a  low  late.)  he  said,  '  You  have 
proved  him  as  deficient  in  probity  as  he  is  in  learning.'  I  called  him 
an^Itiilej--  Si-holiir:''  but  he  was  not  willing  to  allow  him  a  claim 
even  to  that  merit.  He  said  *  that  he  borrowed  from  thnse  who 
had  been  borrowers  themselves,  and  did  not  know  that  the  mis- 
takes he  adopted  had  beL'U  answered  by  others.'  I  often  think  of 
our  short,  Imt  precious,  visit  to  this  great  man.  I  shall  consider 
it  as  a  sort  of  an  o'ra  in  ray  life." 

Baddam,  Benj.  "  Memoirs  of  the  Royal  Society, 
being  a  new  Abridgment  of  the  Philosopliical  Transac- 
tions, from  1665  to  1735,  inclusive,  L(m..  1738-41,  10  vols. 
4to.  For  an  interesting  article  relative  to  the  Philosophi- 
cal Transactions,  see  Nichols's  Lit.  Anecdotes,  vol,  i. 

BaddeIly,Geo.  12Sermons.l752.  12  Discourses. 1766. 

Bnddcly,  R.  Tiicolog.  &  Polit.  pamph..  Lon., 1622-53. 

Badolly,  John,  M.D.  Narrative  relative  to  a  cure 
performed  by  Prince  Hohenlohe  on  Miss  B.  O'Cimor,  3d 
cd.,  L(.n..  1823. 

Badeiiock,  Jas.,  M.D.  Con.  on  Med.  and  Ornitho- 
logy to  Mod.  Ohs.  &  Inq..  and  Phil.  Trans.,  1770-71. 

Badeslade,  Thos.  Nav.  of  King's  Lyn.,1725.  River 
Dee,  173.^. 

Badiior,  C.    Admonitions  to  Piirents.  Ac.,  Lon.,  1S03. 

Bad;;er,  J.  Cures  of  the  King's  Evil  by  R.  touch,  1748. 

Badger,  Stephen,  of  Mass.  Discourses,  1774.  Let- 
ter re),  to  the  Indians,  in  Mas.s.  Hist.  Coll.,  1797. 

Badham,  Charles,  M.D.  Med.  Works,  &e.,  Lon., 
1808-18.  ' 

Badham,  C.  D.  Esculent  Mushrooms  of  England, 
Lon.,  ]817.  r.  8vo.     Prose  Halieutics,  &c.,  p.  8vo. 

Badlands  Thos.     Sermon,  2  Cor.  iv.  IS.  1676. 

Baola,  H.  X.     On  Fever  &  Rheumatism.  Lon.,  1800. 

Balhn,  Wni.,  1584-1622,  a  celebrated  English  navi- 
gator, wrute  an  account  of  his  voyage  under  James  Hall, 
in  1612, 

''  Which  is  chiefly  remarkable  as  being  the  first  on  record  in 
which  a  method  is  laid  dnwn  for  determining  the  longitude  at  sea 
by  au  observation  of  the  he.aveuly  bodies.'' 

Ho  also  wrote  an  account  of  his  voyage  under  Robert 
Bylot  in  1615.  His  name  will  ever  he  remembered  by  the 
Baydis<-overedbyhim.inavovagemndennderBvlotini616. 

Baj^c,  Robert,  1728-lSOl.  a  noveli.^t  of  considerable 
talent,  whose  memory  has  been  honoured  by  havin-^  Sir 
96  -^  =< 


Walter  Scott  as  his  biographer,  wrote  Mount  Heneth.  pub. 
1781;  Burnham  Downs,  the  Fair  Syrian,  and  James 
Wallace.  William  Hutton  gives  some  particulars  of  him 
in  his  "  Life." 

"  Mount  Heneth  became  justly  popular,  from  the  vivacity  of  its 
style  and  dialogue,  and  the  many  well-drawn  characters,  and 
apposite  reflections  on  questions  of  morality  and  humanity.  .  .  . 
All  his  novels  were  tavouraldy  received  by  the  public,  as  far  su 
perior  to  the  common  run  of  novels." — Chahm-rs's  Biog.  Diet, 

Bagford,  John,  1650?-1716,  an  enthusiastic  collector 
of  literary  curiosities,  was  bred  to  the  occupation  of  a 
shoemaker,  but  did  not  acknowledge  the  obligation  of  the 
old  maxim,  "Ne  sutor  ultra  crepidam  :"  but  even  Apelles, 
however,  would  not  have  desired  to  restrain  the  zeal  of 
this  useful  and  amiable  lover  of  antiquities.  He  became 
extensively  acquainted  with  old  books,  prints,  and  coins, 
and  possessed  no  slight  knowledge  of  the  Roman  remains 
in  Britain.  Of  this  there  is  ample  evidence  in  his  curious 
letter  to  Hearne,  in  the  1st  vol.  of  2d  edition  of  Leland's 
Collectanea.  He  did  not  confine  his  researches  to  the 
book-stalls  and  shops  of  London,  but  travelled  abroad  for 
book-sellers  and  literary  gentlemen,  enriching  their  shelves 
and  libraries  with  his  acquisitions.  In  this  way  he  was  a 
sort  of  humble  Dibdin  to  the  Spcnsers  and  Hebers  of  his 
time.  His  private  collection  of  books,  title-pages,  covers, 
&c.  was  very  large.  As  must  always  be  the  ease  with  a 
man  whose  education  has  been  picked  up  item  by  item, 
without  system,  he  sometimes  displays  amusing  ignorance 
in  conjunction  with  his  knowledge.  He  projected  a  history 
of  his  favourite  art,  and,  in  1707  published  in  the  Philo- 
sophical Transactions,  his  "  Proposals  for  a  History  of 
Printing,  Printers,  Hluminators,  Chalcography,  Paper 
Making,  &c.,"  price  to  be  £1  for  a  book  of  800  pages.  He 
seems  to  have  lacked  encouragement,  as  the  book  never 
appeared.  After  his  death,  Lord  Oxford  purchased  his 
collections  and  papers  for  his  library.  They  are  now  in 
the  Harleian  Collection  in  the  British  Museum,  in  42  folio 
volumes:  but  a  melancholy  sight  a  portion  of  them  pre- 
sent; for,  as  Dibdin  remarks, 

*'A  modern  collector  and  lover  of  perfect  copies  will  witness, 
with  shuddering,  among  Bagford's  immense  collection  of  title- 
pages,  the  frontispieces  of  the  Complutensian  Polyglot,  and  Chaun- 
cy's  History  of  Uertfordshke,  torn  out  to  illustrate  a  History  of 
Printing.'' 

He  was  employed  as  a  collector  by  Lord  Oxford,  Dr. 
John  Moore,  Bishop  of  Ely,  Sir  Hans  Sloane,  .Sir  James 
Austin,  and  others.  Mr.  Eagford  was  one  of  the  many 
ingenious  men  in  the  world  whose  natural  talents  are  con- 
tinually hampered  for  want  of  early  education.  See  in- 
teresting accounts  of  him  in  Dibdin's  Bibliomania,  in 
Nichols's  Literary  Anecdotes,  and  Hearne's  prefaces  to 
Guil.  Roper  Vita,  D.  Thoma'  Mori,  1716,  and  to  Walter 
Hemingford's  history.  "  At  vero  in  hoc  genera  fragmenta 
colligcudi  omnes  quidem  alios  quantum  ego  existimare 
possum  facile  superavit  Joanus  Bagfordits,  de  quo  apud 
Hemingum,  Ac."  We  quote  a  line  or  so  from  the  Hemingi 
Wigornensis  Cbartularium,  to  which  reference  is  made. 

"  Had  his  education  been  eijual  to  his  natui-al  genius,  he  would 
have  proved  a  much  greater  man  than  he  was.  And  yet,  without 
this  education,  he  was  certainly  the  greatest  man  in  the  world  in 
his  way." — IHhihn^s  BihUomania. 

Bagrers,  Jeffrey.    Essays  on  Amplification,  Lon..  1802. 

Bagsjs,  John.     View  of  the  Millennium,  Lon.,  1798. 

Baa^iey,  Geo,     See  Bayley,  Geo. 

Bagley,  Wm.  The  New  Practice  of  the  Courts  of 
Law  at  Westminster,  Lon.,  1840. 

"  The  a\ithor  has  attempted  to  combine  the  learning  and  scien- 
tific method  of  Tidd,  with  the  practical  familiarity  of  Tnipey,  and 
to  condense  within  the  compass  of  a  volume,  not  only  the  sub- 
stance of  the  statutes,  rules,  and  decisions  relating  to  proceedings 
at  law.  but  minute  instructions  for  taking  every  step  in  such  pro- 
ceedings." 

The  practice  of  the  Chambers  of  the  Judges  of  the 
Courts  of  Commcm  Law,  in  civil  action.  Lon.,  IS.^4. 

"  Mr.  Bagley's  work  is  as  good  as  a  work  can  be  on  the  snliject 
he  has  chosen.  He  has  attempted,  and  with  as  much  success  as 
was  jiossilile.  to  do  that  wliich  is  next  to  impossible,  namely  to 
sep.Tr.nt(^  the  pra.tire  at  rhnmbevs  from  the  pi-actice  of  the  courts 
gem-r.illy."       Sir  Marvin's  Legal  Kibl. 

Bagnal,  Thos.  The  Excellency  and  Usefulness  of 
Masonry :  a  Sermon  preached  before  the  Free  Masons,  on 
Heb.  iii.  4.  1767. 

Bai^noK  or  Bofrnall.  A  Permon.  Lon.,  176.3.  Edu- 
catiun,  176;'>.     Trans,  nl  Telemachus  into  Eng.  verse,  1791. 

Ba£;nol,  Roht.  The  Steward's  Last  Account,  in  five 
Sermons,  on  loth  St.  Luke,  Lon.,  1622. 

Ba^nold,  Joseph.  Wisdom  and  Innocency;  a  Ser- 
mon on  Matt.  X.  16,  1700. 

Basot,  Daniel.  Treatise  of  the  Bankrupt  Laws  of 
Irchiiid.  17il."i.     Otiier  Law  Trentises,  1791-1S04. 

Bagot,  Daniel,  Viciir  of  Neury.     1.  Disciples  in  the 


BAG 


BAl 


Storm.  2.  Temptation  of  Christ  in  the  Wil'lerneps.  3.  Trea- 
tise on  the  Lord's  Supper.  4.  Treatise  on  the  Transfigu- 
ration. 

Bagot,  Lewis,  1740-1802,  was  successively  Bishop 
of  Bristol,  Norwich,  and  St.  Asaph.  He  was  educated  at 
Westminster  Schoul,  and  chosen  thence  student  of  Christ 
Church.  He  pub.  a  number  of  theological  works,  1772- 
1790,  the  principal  of  which  is  Twelve  Discourses  on  the 
Prophecies  concerning  the  first  Eytablishment  and  sub- 
sequent History  of  Christianity,  preached  at  the  AVarbur- 
touian  Lecture,  in  Lincoln's  Inn  Chapel,  1780. 

"  liishop  Uaj^ot  opened  his  lectures  by  prelimiuary  observations 
on  the  nature  and  value  ofthe  evidences  drawn  from  prophecies; 
including  some  pointed  remarks  on  Lord  Monboddo  and  Mr. 
Gibbon.  The  subjt-ct  of  bis  subsequent  discourses  were,  the  pro- 
mise of  a  second  dispensation  under  the  tirst;  the  progressive 
nature  of  the  kingdom  of  (!od;  the  distinctive  characters  of  the 
Messiah,  and  the  nature  of  his  kingdom;  the  time  limited  by  the 
prophets,  and  the  proofs  of  its  fullilment;  thi^  conformity  of  the 
life  of  Christ  and  of  his  kingdom  to  the  predictions:  the  prophe- 
cies concerning  the  latter  times:  and  the  general  recapitulation 
of  the  whole  subject.'' — Britisk  Critic,  vol.  xxvii.  p.  iMi'.i, 

Dr.  Bagot  has  been  commended  as  a  man  of  great  learn- 
ing, and  of  the  most  gentle  and  amiable  manners. 

Bagot,  Richard,  Bishop  of  Oxford.  A  Charge  at 
his  Third  Visitation.  Oxf,  1833.  A  Charge  at  his  Fourth 
Visitation,  Oxf.,  IS  12. 

Bagshaw,  Edward,  1604-1662,  of  Brasenose  Coll., 
Oxf.,  a  lawyer  who  at  first  opposed  the  cause  of  Charles  I., 
but  subsequently  became  one  of  his  adherents,  publislied 
a  number  of  theological  and  political  works,  1633-1663. 
Whilst  imprisoned  by  the  Parliament,  he  wrote  a  treatise 
which  does  not  argue  much  respect  for  the  opinion  of  his 
judges,  viz. :  The  Rights  of  the  Crown  to  England,  as  it  is 
established  by  Law.  This  he  puiilished  very  appropriate- 
ly in  1660 — the  year  of  the  Bestoration.  The  earliest  of 
his  publications  was  the  Life  and  Death  of  Mr.  Robert 
Bolton,  1633.  Mr.  Bulton  was  the  author  of  the  well- 
known  treatise,  entitled  The  Four  Last  Things.  Anthony 
Wood  refers  to  his  sitting  in  ''that  most  wicked  conven- 
tion that  begun  at  Westminster,  3  Xov..  1610.  But  soon 
after,  perceiving  full  well  what  mad  courses  the  members 
thereof  took,  he  left  them."  He  left  two  sous,  Henry  and 
Edward,  wlm  are  next  to  be  noticed. 

Bagshaw,  Edward,  1629-1671,  son  of  the  preced- 
ing, was  admitted  of  Christ  Church,  Oxf.,  in  1646,  and 
ordained  by  the  Bish<)p  of  Exeter,  in  1659.  It  is  enough 
to  make  him  memorable  that  he  was  second  master  of 
Westminster  School,  when  the  famous  Dr.  Busl\v  was 
head  master.  The  two  dominies  could  not  agree,  and 
Bagshaw  was  displaced.  For  some  time  he  was  chaplain 
to  Arthur,  Earl  of  Anglesey.  Wood  gives  a  long  list  of 
writings,  principally  controversial,  directed  against  Baxter, 
L'Estrange,  Morley,  Bishop  of  Worcester,  and  others. 
These  yjuldications  have  sunk  into  ol)livion.  He  appears  to 
have  inherited  his  father's  belligerent  spirit,  as  well  as  his 
cucoethes  scribendi.  Anthony  Wood,  who  seems  to  spare 
no  man  in  his  wrath,  represents  young  Bagshaw  whilst 
at  college  as  any  thing  but  a  modest  and  well-behaved 
young  man : 

'■  lie  expressed  himself  very  often  intolerably  impudent,  saucy, 
and  refnwtory  to  the  Censor,  and  thereupon  was  either  iSconst 
[mysterious  ceremony!]  or  put  out  of  Commons.  .  .  .  When 
quadiugesimal  disputations  were  publicly  perforuied  in  the  schools, 
he  would,  without  any  provocation,  take  the  qnestions.  either  of 
au  under-graduat*,  or  bachelor,  purposely  to  dispute  with  him, 
and  so  consciiuently  show  his  parts,  and  be  shouldered  out.  or 
carried  out  into  the  .[uadrangle  on  the  shoulders  of  his  admirers. 
...  lie  sliowt-d  liims.'lf  a  turbulent  and  domineering  person,  not 
only  in  his  cnll.jgi-,  Imt  in  the  University,  where  "twas  common 
with  him  to  disturb  the  Vice-chancellor  with  interposed  speeches, 
without  formalities,  and  with  his  hat  cocked." — Athai.  Oxon. 

Added  years  do  not  seem  to  have  mellowed  his  rough 
temper.  Becoming  obnoxious  to  government,  he  was  sub- 
jected to  twenty-two  weeks'  imprisonment  in  Newgate. 
He  was  undoubtedly  a  man  of  marked  ability,  but  had  too 
nuK-h  of  \\\(tfortitri-  in  re. 

Bagshaw,  Henry,  1632-1709,  another  son  of  Ed- 
ward Bagshaw,  Senior,  was  educated  at  Westminster 
School,  and  Christ  Church,  Oxf.  He  held  one  of  the  pre- 
bends in  the  Church  of  Durham.  He  seems  to  have  played 
the  lamb  to  his  brother's  lion,  being  remarkable  for  in- 
offensiveness  of  character.  He  pub.  A  Sermon  on  Ps.  xxxvii. 
37, 1676.  Diatribie,  or  Discourses  upon  select  texts  against 
Papists  and  Socinians,  1680,  etc. 

Bagshaw,  Henry.    Sermon,  Matt.  xxi.  13, 1698. 

Bagshaw,.lohn.  Two  Sermons. 2  Sam.  xix. 14,15,  1660. 

Bagshaw,  William,  1628-1702,  a  Nonconforming 
divine,  whose  zeal  and  usefulness  in  the  northern  parts  of 
Derbyshire  acquired  fur  him  the  title  of  "  Tlie  Apostle  of 
the  Peak."     He  pub.  a  number  of  works,  and  left  a  large 


quantity  of  MSS.  upon  various  sulijects:  no  less  than  50 
vols,  in  folio  and  quarto,  written  with  his  own  hand.  Among 
his  pub.  works  are,  1.  Waters  fur  a  Thirsty  Soul,  in  several 
sermons  on  Rev.  xxi.  6,  1653.  2.  The  Miner's  Monitor, 
or  a  Motion  to  those  whose  Labour  lies  in  the  Lead  and 
other  Mines,  1675.  3.  De  Spiritualibus  Pecci,  or  Notes  con- 
cerning the  Work  of  God,  and  some  that  have  been  Work- 
ers together  with  God,  in  the  High  Peak  of  Derbyshire, 
Lon.,   1702. 

Bagwell,  William,  an  English  mathematician  and 
astronomer  of  the  17th  century.  Mistery  of  Astronomy 
maid  plaine  to  the  meanest  capacity,  Lon.,  1655.  Sphynx 
Thebanus,  an  Anth.  Descrip.  of  both  the  Globes.  The  Dis- 
tressed Merchant,  16-45.     Wit's  Extraction,  1664. 

"  A  curious  work,  with  a  portrait,  at  the  t>aok  of  which  is  printed 
a  family  j;i-oup.  seated  at  taMe  at  an  eveuinj;  party." — LowNfits. 

Baildon,  John,  joint  author  with  John  de  Beau- 
chcsnc  of  A  Bfiiik  cout.  I'ivers  Sorts  of  Hands,  Lon.,  1570. 

Baildon,  Jos.  Trans,  of  Mcxia's  Rarities  of  the 
Worbl.  Lou.,  1651.      Wonder  of  the  World, 4to,  1656. 

Bailev.   History  of  Newcastle-upon-Tyne,  180L  Anon. 

Bailey,  Abr.  The  Spightful  Sister:  A  Comedy, 
Lon.,  1667. 

Bailey,  Alexander  Mabyn,     See  Bailey,  Wm. 

Bailey,  B.  Exposition  of  the  Parables  of  our  Lord, 
&,(!.,  with  a  Prelim.  Dissert,  on  the  Parable  Lon.,  1828. 

'•  This  work,  entirely  devoid  of  an  evan^^elicfll  charaeter.  will  be 
found  useful  to  the  clerical  student,  as  embodying  a  copious  col- 
'  lection  of  annotation,  criticism,  and  disquisition  upon  the  portions 
of  f^cripture  illustrated." — Lowndes. 

Bailey,  Edw.,  M.D.   Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1746. 

Bailey,  11.  Reports  of  Cases  in  Court  of  Appeals, 
S.  Carolina,  1828-1832,  2  vols.  Charleston,  lS.S;i-18;{4. 
Reports  of  Cases  in  Equity,  argued  in  Court  of  Appeals, 
S.  Carolina,  Charleston,  1841. 

Bailey,  Henry,  Curate  of  Hingham.  Fdtuale  Anglo- 
Catholicum,  Lon.,  1S47. 

Bailey,  Henry  Ives,  Per.  Cur.  of  Drighlington. 
The  Liturgy  compared  with  the  Bible.  Lon..  183.3, 

Bailey,  Ilev.  Jacob, b.  1731,  Rowley.  Mass.  His  MS. 
Journal  has  Iil-lmi  cdit«>l  liv  Bauti.ktt,  Rev.  Wm.  J.,  \q.  c.l 

Bailey,  Jacob  Whitman,  b.  ISll,  at  Ward,  Massa- 
chusetts, grad.  at  West  Point,  1832,  Appoin.  Prof.  Chem., 
it.c.  at  the  U.  S.  Military  Acad.,  West  Point,  1838.  Con- 
tributed various  valuable  papers  in  the  American  Jour,  of 
Science,  and  in  Smithsonian  Contributions  to  Science. 

Bailey,  Jas.  Hierogly.  Origo  et  Natura,  Cantab.,  1816. 

Bailey,  John.     Agricultural  Works,  &c.,  1794-lSll, 

Bailey,  Margaret  L.,  born  at  Sussex,  Virginia. 

'■  Mrs.  Biiiley  is  lUvourably  known  hoth  as  a  poetess  and  a  prose 
writer." —  Wnmau"^  litxord. 

Bailey,  Nathan,  d.  1742,  a  philologist  of  gi-eat  abili- 
ties, was  the  author  of  the  well-known  dictionary  which 
bears  his  name.  The  4th  edition  (1728)  was  long  the  only 
dictionary  in  general  use.  It  was  enlarged  into  two  vols. 
8vo,  1737,  and  afterwards  issued  in  folio,  by  Dr.  Jos.  Nicol 
Scott.  The  last  was  considered  the  best  edition,  and  is 
still  a  favourite  with  some  students.  Johnson's  first  edi- 
tion of  his  dictionary  was  imlili,--hed  in  1755.  There  is  a 
curious  anecdote  connected  with  Bailey's  work.  It  was 
studied  through  twice,  word  by  word,  by  Mr.  Pitt,  after- 
wards Earl  of  Chatham,  the  import  and  mode  of  construc- 
tion of  each  word  carefully  examined,  so  that  the  strength, 
the  significance,  and  the  beauty  of  the  English  language 
might  be  properly  understood,  and  enlisted  in  the  service 
of  oratory  when  required.  Some  of  the  sermons  of  Bar- 
row, it  will  be  remembered,  were  committed  to  memory  Ijy 
Mr.  Pitt,  for  the  same  purpose.  '*  I^robably  no  man,  since 
the  days  of  Cicero,  has  ever  submitted  to  an  equal  auiount 
of  drudgery."  The  effects  of  this  philological  training 
were  witnessed  in  the  copious  vocabulary,  and  precision 
in  application,  which  distinguished  Chatham's  elocution. 
Wilkes,  indeed,  seems  to  criticize  his  language,  when  he 
tells  us,  "he  had  not  the  correctness  of  language  so  strik- 
ing in  the  great  Roman  orator,  but  he  had  the  verba  ar- 
(hutiit — the  bold,  glowing  words.*'  But  Mr.  Wilkes's  opi- 
nion, upon  any  subject  save  the  right  of  suflrage,  and 
choice  of  rare  books,  has  but  little  weight  with  us.  Ho- 
race Walpolo  describes  Chatham's  language  as  having 
been  amazingly  fine.  "Not  content,"  says  LordLyttle- 
ton,  **  to  correct  and  instruct  his  imagination  by  the  works 
of  men,  he  borrowed  his  noblest  images  from  the  language 
of  inspiration." 

We  should  not  forget  to  acknowledge  the  improvements 
'  made  in  the  folio  edition  of  Bailey's  dictionary  by  G.  Gor- 
I  don,  who  made  additions  to  the  mathematical  part,  Phil. 
j  Miller  to  the  botanical  terms,  and  T.  Lidiard  to  the  etyiuo- 
:  logical  portion:  the   whole  being  revised  by   Dr.    Scott. 

99 


BAI 


Dr.  Harwood's  care  was  bestowed  npim  the  revision  of  the 
8vo  edition,  of  which  the  15th  edition  was  pub.  about  1769. 
Mr.  Bailey  published  several  other  educational  worlis;  and 
a  Dictionarium  Domesticum  in  1736. 

Bailey,  Peter,  d.  1823,  editor  of  The  Museum,  (Lon- 
don,) pub.  Sketches  from  St.  George's  Fields,  by  Giorgione 
di  Castel  Chiuso.  A  volume  containing  some  of  his  epic 
poetry,  entitled  Idwal,  was  printed,  but  not  published.  It 
was  founded  on  the  events  connected  with  tlie  conquest  of 
Wales.  A  Greek  Poem  of  Mr.  B.'s  was  pulj.  in  the  Classi- 
cal Journal.  Ilis  last  publication  was  an  anonymous  poem 
in  the  Siienser  measure,  called  A  Queen's  Appeal. 

Bailey,  Philip  James,  b.  1816,  a  member  of  the 
Bar,  son  of  the  proprietor  of  tlie  Nottingliam  Mercury,  is 
the  author  of  Pestus,  The  Angel  World,  1850,  and  Mystic, 
1855.  Few  poems  upon  their  first  appearance  have  ex- 
cited so  much  attention  as  Festus : 

'*  It  is  an  extraordinary  production,  out-Heroding  Kant  in  some 
of  its  pliilosophy.  and  out.OoetbingGoetlie,  in  the  introduction  of 
thi.-  three  persons  of  the  Trinity  as  interlocutors  in  its  wild  plot. 
Mo.st  olyectionable  as  it  is  on  this  account,  it  yet  contains  so  many 
exquisite  p-issages  of  genuine  poetry,  that  our  aduiii-ation  of  the 
authors  genius  oveipowers  the  filling  of  mnrtitication  at  its  being 
misapplied,  ana  meddling  with  such  dangerous  topics." — Lond'm 
Literary  Gazette,  1839. 

Mr.  Bailey  was  but  about  twenty  years  of  age  when 
Festus  was  finished.  It  was  published  in  1839.  His  youth 
has  proliably  mitigated  the  censure  to  which  it  is  thought 
Festus  is  liable  for  grave  errors  both  of  style  and  senti- 
ment. The  second  edition,  published  three  years  after  the 
first,  was  much  enlarged,  and  in  later  editions  it  has  been 
still  further  augmented  to  about  three  times  its  original 
length.  '•  Every  line  has  undergone  the  refining  crucilde 
of  the  author's  brain,  and  has  been  modified  by  tlie  greater 
maturity  of  his  mind."  A  late  critic,  an  exquisite  poet 
himself,  thus  spealss  of  Mr.  Bailey  : 

"  As  a  piet  in  actual  achievement,  I  can  have  no  hesitation  in 
placing  him  far  above  eithri-  Ibowning  or  8tiiling.  His  Festus  is 
in  many  respects  a  very  rt-aiaikal'le  production — remarkable  alike 
for  its  poetic  power,  and  its  utter  neglect  of  all  the  reiiuirements 
of  poetic  art.  . .  .  Yet  with  all  these  excesses  and  defects,  we  ape 
made  to  feel  th.at  Festus  is  the  work  of  a  poet.  ...  In  The  Angel 
World,  we  have  the  youthful  iwet  more  sobered  down;  and  the 
consequent  result  has  been  one  not  exactly  to  be  wished — its 
beauties  and  its  defects  are  each  alike  less  prominent." — Moir's 
Poet.  Lit.  nfthe  Past  Balf-Cintury. 

The  Age:  Politics,  Poetry,  and  Criticism.  A  Colloquial 
Satire.  8vo,  1858. 

Bailey,  Rnfus  William,  b.  1793,  at  yarmouth, 
Maine,  graduated  at  Dartmouth  College,  1813.  1.  Family 
Preacher;  a  vol.  of  .Sermons.  2.  Mother's  Request.  3.  Tho 
Issue  ;  lieing  Letters  on  Slavery.  4.  Manual  of  Grammar. 
Bailey,  Samuel,  h.  1787,  at  Sheffield,  Eng.,  author 
of  a  number  of  works  on  Politics,  Political  Economy,  ic. 
Essays  on  the  Formation  of  Opinions,  Ac.  This  work,  by  no 
means  unobjectionalde  in  its  tendency,  di-splays  consider- 
able ability.  Any  writer  might  be  proud  of  the  commenda- 
tion of  the  distiiiguished  authority  whom  we  shall  quote : 

"It  would  be  an  act  of  injustice  to  those  readers  who  are  not 
acquainted  with  that  valuable  volume  entitled  Essays  on  the 
Formation  of  Opinions,  not  to  refer  them  to  it  aa  enforcing  that 
neglected  part  of  morality.  To  it  may  be  added  a  masterly  article 
in  the  Westminster  Review,  occasioned  by  the  Essays." — Sitt  J.4Ml^s 
Mackintosh  :  2d  Prel.  Diss,  to  Eict/c.  Brit. 

Essays  on  Pursuit  of  Truth  and  Progress  of  Knowledge, 
8vo  ;  2d  ed.,  1844.  Letters  on  tho  Philosophy  of  the  Human 
Mind;  1st  Ser.,  8vo.  Money  and  its  Vicissitudes  in  Value, 
1852,  Svo.  Review  of  Berkeley's  Theory  of  Vision,  1841, 
8to.  Theory  of  Reasoning,  Svo.  Discourses  on  various 
subjects  before  Literary  Societies,  1852,  8vo. 

Bailey,  T.  List  of  Bankrupts,  Dividends,  Ac.  for  1804. 
Bailey,  Thomas,  1785-1856,  father  of  the  .author  of 
Festus.     Advent  of  Ch,arity,  and  other  Poems,  12mo.    His- 
tory of  Nottinghamshire,  3  vols.  r.  Svo.     Records  of  Lon- 
gevity, pub.  just  before  his  death. 
Bailey,  Walter,  M.D.     See  B.u.ey. 
Bailey,  Wm.  Advancementof  Arts. Ac,  Lon.,  1 772-79. 
A  Treatise  respecting  the  Poor  in  Work-Houses,  Lon.,1768. 
This  vol.  was  pub.  by  Alex.  Mabyn  Bailey. 

Bailie,  J.  K.  Fasciculus  Inscriptionum  Grfecarum, 
Lon.,  2  vols.  sm.  4to,  1844-46. 

Baillie,  Capt.  A  Solemn  Appeal  to  the  Public,  1779. 
Baillie,  Alex.  A  work  on  Scottish  Calvinism,  1628. 
Baillie,  (Jeo.  On  the  Bankrupt  L.aws,  1809. 
Baillie,  Hugh.  A  Letter  to  Dr.  Shebbeare,  1775. 
Baillie,  Joanna,  1704-1851,  one  of  the  most  dis- 
tinguisiied  writers  in  an  .age  prolific  in  good  authors,  was 
born  iu  a 

"  Scottish  Manse,  in  the  upper  dale  of  the  Clyde,  which  h.as,  for 
Us  mild  character  and  lavish  production  of  fruit,  been  termed 
Fruit  L.and.'  .  .  .  One  of  the  linest  specimens  of  the  fruit  of  this 
lUO 


BAI 

l'T,xuriant  dale  is  .Toanna  Baillie.  a  name  never  pronounced  by  8cot 
or  Briton  of  any  part  of  the  empire  but  with  the  veneration  duo 
to  the  truest  L'enius,  and  the  adection  which  is  the  birthright  of 
the  truest  spi?cimens  of  womanhood." — Howitt's  Ilrtmes  of  the  Poets. 
Miss  Baillie  for  the  principal  part  of  her  life  was  a  resi- 
dent of  Hampstead,  near  London,  where  she  died,  Feb. 
23,  1851.  She  always  lived  in  retirement,  and  for  some 
years  before  her  death  in  strict  seclusion.  While  she  re- 
ceived visitors,  it  is  stated  that  nearly  all  the  great  writers 
of  tlie  age  had,  at  one  time  or  another,  been  among  her 
guests.  Scott  spent  many  pleasant  hours  with  her,  and  on 
her  visit  to  Scotland  in  ISUii  she  spent  some  weeks  in  his 
house  at  Edinburgh.  Her  last  visit  to  Seott  and  to  Scol^ 
land  w:is  iu  1820.     See  Life  of  Scott. 

Their  father  was  a  Scottish  clergyman ;  their  mother, 

a  sister  of    the  celebrated    Dr.  William    Hunter  ;     and 

Matthew  Baillie,  M.D.,  another  distinguished  physician, 

was  brother  to  Joanna  and  Agnes.     Miss  Baillie's  earliest 

poetical  works  appeared  anonymously;  her  first  dram.atie 

efi'orts  were  published  in  1798.  under  the  title  of  A  Series 

j  of  Plays,  in  which  it  is  attempted  to  delineate  the  stronger 

passions  of  the  mind ;  each  passion  being  the  subject  of 

'  a  tragedy  and  a  comedy.     A  second  edition  was  demanded 

in  a  few  months ;  in  1802,  and  in   1812  a  third  volume  ap- 

i  peared.     In  1804  she  puldished  a  volume  of  Miscellaneous 

i  Dramas;    and  in   1810   The   Family  Legend,  a  tragedy, 

made  its  appearance.     This  drama,  founded  on  a  Highland 

tradition,  was  brought  out  with  success  at  the  Edinburgh 

theatre,  under  the  auspices  of  Sir  Walter  Scott. 

••  Jany  30.  ISIO.  My  Dear  Miss  Ilaillie. — You  have  only  to  ima- 
gine all  that  you  could  wish  to  give  success  te  a  play,  and  your 
conceptions  will  still  fall  short  of  the  complete  and  decided  tri- 
nniph  of  the  Family  Legend.  .  .  .  Every  thing  that  pretended  to 
distinction,  m  li<-ther  from  rank  or  literature,  was  in  the  boxes,  and 
in  tb>-  pit  suih  an  aggreg.ate  mass  of  humanity  as  I  have  seldom, 
if  ever,  witnessed  in  the  same  place."— &"«  to  Miss  Baillie. 

".Miss  Baillie's  play  went  oir  capitally  here.  .  .  .  We  wept  till 
our  hearts  were  sore,  and  ap]ilaud.-d  till  our  hands  were  blistered; 
what  could  we  more?" — .S-"/f  to  Mr.  Marn'tt. 

It  was  played  14  nights,  and  in  1814  was  acted  in  Lon- 
don. In  1836  our  authoress  published  three  more  volumes 
of  Plays.  Thus  an  interval  of  38  years  had  occurred  be- 
tween "the  first  and  the  last  publication  of  her  dramas. 
In  1823  the  Poetic  Miscellanies  appeared,  containing 
Scott's  dramatic  sketch  of  MacdufTs  Cross,  some  of  Mrs. 
Heman's  poetry,  and  Miss  Catherine  Fanshaw's  Jciix 
d'cujiri'l.  A  few  months  before  her  death,  Miss  Baillie 
comideted  an  entire  edition  of  her  dramatic  w^orks.  The 
Martyr  had  been  published  separately.  She  also  pub- 
lished Metrical  Legends  of  E.xalted  Characters;  and  A 
View  of  the  general  Tenor  of  the  New  Testament  regard- 
ing the  Nature  and  Dignity  of  Jesus  Christ. 

Although  so  advanced  in  years.  Miss  Baillie  retained 
the  complete  possession  of  her  faculties  until  the  last. 
Lord  Jeffrey  writes ; 

"  .\piil  lis.  1S40.  1  forgot  to  tell  you  that  we  have  been  twine 
out  to  Hampstead  to  hunt  out  Joanna  Baillie.  aud  found  her  the 
other  day  as  fresh,  natural,  and  amiable  as  ever ;  and  as  little  like 
a  Tragic 'Mu.se.  ^ince  old  Mrs.  Brougham's  death,  1  do  not  know 
so  nice  an  old  woman." 

Again,  January  7,  1842,  he  writes: 

"AVe  went  to  Hampstead.  and  paid  a  very  plea.sant  visit  to  Jo- 
anna Baillie.  who  is  marvellous  in  health  aud  spirits,  and  youth- 
ful freshness  and  simplicity  of  feeliug,  and  not  a  bit  deaf,  blind, 
or  torpid.'' 

The  literary  stranger  from  a  distant  land  sought  an  in- 
troduction to  her  whose  writings  had  been  "  household 
words"  since  childhood  ;  and  who,  secluded  from  the  busy 
world,  considered  herself  a  mother  to  the  poor,  and  was 
by  them  esteemed  the  "Lady  Bountiful"  of  the  neigh- 
bouriiood. 

'•  I  am  glad  that  Mrs.  Ellis  and  you  have  derived  any  amuse* 
ment  from  the  House  of  Aspen.  .  .  .  But  the  Plays  of  the  I'as- 
sious  have  put  me  entirely  out  of  conceit  witli  my  Germanized 
brat;  aud  should  I  ever  again  attempt  dramatic  composition.  I 
would  endeavtiur  after  the  genuine  old  English  model." — Scott  to 
George  Ellis,  Ar;. 

In  a  letter  to  Miss  Baillie,  dated  1810,  Scott  remarks: 
'■  You  say  iiotbin:;  about  the  di-ama  on  Fear,  forwhich  you  have 
chosen  so  admirable  a  subject,  and  which.  I  think,  will  be  in 
your  own  most  powert\il  manner.  I  hope  you  will  have  an  eye  to 
its  being  actu.ally  represented.  Perhaps  of  all  passions  it  is  the 
most  univers.ally  interesting.'' 

We  find  tho  tragedy  of  Fear  again  referred  to,  after  its 
publication  in  the  volume  issuetl  in  1812  : 

"  It  is  too  little  to  say  I  am  enchanted  with  the  said  third 
volume,  especially  with  the  two  first  pKays.  which  iu  every  point 
not  only  sustain,  but  even  exalt,  your  reputation  as  a  dramatist. 
The  whole  character  of  ttrra  is  exquisitely  supported,  as  well  as 
imagined,  .and  the  langu.age  distinguished  by  a  rich  variety  of 
fancy,  which  1  know  no  instance  of.  excepting  in  Shakspeare." 

"  If  Joanna  Baillie  had  known  the  st.age  practically,  she  would 
never  have  attached  the  importance  she  does  to  the  development 
of  single  p.assions  in  siuL'le  tragedies;  and  she  would  have  in- 
vented more  stirring  incidents  to  justify  the  passion  of  her  cha- 


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rarters.  and  to  pive  them  that  air  of  fatality  which,  thou-rh  pecu-  ' 
liatlv  predominaut  iu  the  (.irefk  drama,  will  also  be  found,  to  a 
cerUiiii  exti-ut.  in  all  successful  tra-edit;s.  Instead  of  this,  she 
tries  tn  make  all  the  passions  of  her  main  characters  proceed  from 
til."  wilful  natures  of  the  beings  themselves.  Th-'ir  feelinLTS  are 
not  precipitated  bv  circumstances,  like  a  stream  down  a  declivity, 
that  leaps  from  rock  to  rock;  hut.  for  want  of  incident,  they  seem 
often  like  water  on  a  level,  without  a  propelling  impulse.*' — Camp- 
BELL  :  Life  of  Mrs.  SkUioji^. 

We  appeal  to  the  reader  whether  this  criticism  is  not,  I 
in   fact,  just  the  highest  compliment  which  could  have 
been  paid  to  Miss  Baillie's  management  of  her  characters.  | 
Mr.   Campbell's    censure    really   amounts    to    this:    Miss  i 
Baillie  prefers  the  exhibition  of  human  nature  to  catering  | 
for  stage  effect  and  slavishly  following  an  unnatural  code  j 
and  a  heathen  morality.     Her  object  was  not  so  much  to 
"  take  the  house  by  storm."  as  to  take  the  heart  by  truth.  , 
'•That  air  of  fatality,"  the  absence  of  which  Mr.  Camp- 
bell deplores,   is  the  very  error  to  be  eschewed  by  the 
Christian  teacher,  whose  duty  it  is  to  illustrate  the  truth 
that  man.  as  a  free  agent,  will  secure  happiness  by  the 
practice  of  virtue,  and  reap  misery  as  the  fruit  of  vice. 
Luve,   Hatred,    Fear,   Religion,   Jealousy,    Revenge,   and 
Remorse,   may   each  be   made   to  enforce  the  truth   that 
'*  the  way  of  the  transgressor  is  hard,"  or  to  impress  the 
mind  with  the  abiding  conviction  that  Wisdom's  ways  are 
"  ways  of  pleasantness,  and  all    her  paths   are   peace." 
What  does  Miss  Baillie  set  forth  as  her  own  canon? 

'■  Let  one  simple  trait  of  the  human  heart,  one  expression  of 
passion,  genuine  and  true  to  nature,  be  introduced,  and  it  will 
stand  forth  alone  in  the  boldness  of  reality,  whilst  the  false  and 
unnatural  around  it  fedes  away  on  every  side,  like  the  rising  ex- 
halation of  the  morning." — Prcparat(fry  Discourse  to  Jirst  vol.  of 
Dramas.  179S. 

"Joanna  raillic.  as  the  author  of  Count  Basil  and  De  Montfort, 
is  entitled  to  a  iiuidi  lusher  plac«  amou^  dramatists  than  the  au- 
thor of  Metrical  beL^-'inls  is  amonti  mere  poyts.  With  much  ima- 
pinative  eii'TLiv.  riui.h  oljservaut  thought,  and  great  freedom  and 
for.r  I'f  ili-lii].rilinii.  together  with  a  fine  feeliiig  of  nature,  and  an 
ocr:i^ional  M.i--siii.ieriaa  softness  of  diction,  it  may  be  claimed  for 
Joanna  ll.iillie  that  she  uniformly  keeps  apart  from  the  tiite  and 
common-place;  yet  we  cannot  help  feeling  a  delii-iency  of  art.  and 
tact,  and  taste,  alike  in  the  management  of  her  themes  and  the 
structure  of  her  verse."— J/'iVs  P'-'t.  Lit.  of  Past  llaff-Ccnturi/. 

Baillie,  John.    A  Letter  to  Dr. ,  in  answer  to  a 

Tract  in   the  Biblio.  Auc.  et  Mod.  Rcl.  to  Freiud's  Hist. 
Phys..  1727. 

Baillie,  John,  Prof,  of  Arabic,  etc.  in  the  New  Col- 
lege. Furt  William,  Bengal.  Sixty  Tables  elucidatory  of 
the  1st  part  of  a  Cour.se  of  Lectures  on  the  Grammar  of 
the  Arabic  language,  Calcutta,  1801,  folio. 

Five  Books  upnn  Grammar,  together  with  the  principles 
of  Inflection  in  the  Arabic  language ;  collected  from  an- 
cient MSS.,  Calcutta,  ISO2-O3/2  vuls.  4to. 

"  Of  all  the  publications  on  this  department  of  Literature,  these 
are  the  most  useful  and  important." — Dr.  Adam  Clarke. 

Digest  of  Mohammedan  Law,  according  to  the  Tenets 
of  the  twelve  Imans.  compiled  under  the  Superintendence 
of  Sir  Wm.  Jones.  Calcutta,  ISOo,  4  vols.  £10  10«. 

'■  A  biiihly  valuable  work." — Lowndes. 

Baillie,  Marianne.  First  Impressions  on  a  Tour 
upon  the  Continent,  in  the  summer  of  1818,  through  France, 
Italy,  Switzerland,  the  Borders  of  Germany,  and  a  part 
of  French  Flanders,  Lon.,  1S19. 

"  Without  being  a  strikintr.  it  is.  at  least,  a  superior  sort  of  itine- 
racy. The  style  is  easy,  withovit  being  very  pure,  and  the  whole 
Ctshionof  the  performance  is  that  of  a.  tfentlewomanlihe  sort,  with- 
out those  high  litorary  pretensions  which  sometimes  make,  and 
sometimes  mar.  tourists  and  writers  of  other  descriptions." — LoJi- 
don  Literary  Gazette. 

Lisbon :  Manners  and  Customs  of  Portugal,  1821-2-3, 
Lon.,  1825. 

"  These  pleasing  little  volumes,  full  of  feminine  vivacity  in  their 
descriptions,  ]mf  it  in  our  power  to  diversify  the  praver  character 
of  our  Kevifws  with  an  entertaining  selection  of  Portuguese  anec- 
dotes and  delin.-ations.  A  residence  of  two  years  and  a  half  in 
the  country,  alford'-d  sufUcient  opportunity  for  studying  the  peo- 
ple and  observing.'  their  mimners.  and  her  pictures  are  most  piquant 
and  original." — Loiidun  Lit-iranj  Gaz'^tte.. 

'•  This  is  a  very  agreeable  book,  and  a  very  faithful  one.  for  we 
are  well  acquainted  with  the  places  which  it  describes,  and  can 
vouch  for  its  fidelity." — Quarterly  Review. 

Baillie,  Matthew,  M.D.,  1761-1823,  a  very  distin- 
guished physician,  was  the  son  of  the  Rev.  James  Baillie, 
D.D.,  anil  Dorothea,  sister  of  the  celebrated  William  and 
John  Hunter:  his  sister,  Joanna  Baillie,  became  as  emi- 
nent in  the  walks  of  literature  as  her  brother  in  tlie  graver 
pursuits  of  medical  science.  In  1779  he  was  admitted  of 
Baliol  College,  Oxf.,  where  he  took  his  degree  of  physic 
in  1789.  Ho  enjoyed  the  great  advantage  of  studying 
under  his  uncle,  William  Hunter.  Upon  the  death  of  the 
latter,  in  178)^,  he  succeeded  to  the  Lectures  with  Mr.  Cruik- 
shank,  and  gained  great  popularity  by  the  clearness  of  his 
demonstrations,  and  his  power   of  simplifying   abstruse 


BAI 

subjects.  Although  not  successful  for  some  time  in  obtain- 
ing much  practice,  his  merits  gradually,  but  surely,  forced 
his  way.  until  his  fees  were  known  to  amount  in  one  year 
to  £10,000.  His  quickness  of  perception  in  ascertaining 
the  localities  of  disease  made  him  in  great  request  as  a 
consulting  physician.  In  1810  he  was  made  physician  to 
Geo.  III.,  and  a  baronetcy  was  ofl"ered  to  him,  but  he  de- 
clined the  honour. 

'•  No  one  in  his  day  could  compete  with  him  in  anatomical  know- 
ledge, or  in  an  acquaintance  with  morbid  anatomy,  or  pathology, 
which  of  late  years  has  been  so  successfully  cultivated,  and  which 
must  in  a  degree  be  attributed  to  the  example  and  renown  of 
Baillie." — Hose's  Bing.  Did. 

He  was  an  extensive  contributor  to  various  learned 
Transactions.  See  Phil.  Trans.,  1788-89;  Trans.  Med.  et 
Chir.,  179:'.-1800;  Med.  Trans.,  1813-15.  Dr.  Baillie  pub. 
in  1793,  The  Morbid  Anatomy  of  some  of  the  most  Im- 
portant Parts  of  the  Human  Body. 

"This  work,  like  every  thint;  he  did,  was  modest  and  unpre- 
tending;, but  it  was  not  on  that  account  the  less  valued.  A 
perfect  knowledge  of  his  subject,  acquired  in  the  midst  of  the  fullest 
opportunities,  enabled  him  io  compress  into  a  small  volume  more 
accurate  and  more  useful  information  than  will  be  found  in  the 
works  of  Bonetus.  Morjrajrni.  and  Lieutaud.  This  work  consisted 
at  first  of  a  plain  statement  of  facts,  the  description  of  the  appear^ 
ances  presented  on  dissection,  or  what  could  be  preserved  and  ex- 
hibited: and  he  afterwards  added  the  nari-atiou  of  symptoms  cor- 
respt.TKliiii;  "iih  the  morbid  api)earances.  This  was  an  attempt 
of  i^reati-r  diflieulty-  which  n  ill  reiinire  the  experience  of  successive 
liv^s  to  perfe.-t."— .SmClucT.ics  Iti.r.i.. 

The  Appendix  was  pub.  in  1798 ;  the  2d  edition,  corrected 
and  greatly  enlarged,  in  1797  ;  since  which  there  have  been 
many  editions.  Two  years  later  he  pub.  A  Series  of  En- 
gravings, tending  to  illustrate  the  Morbid  Anatomy  of  some 
of  the  most  Important  Parts  of  the  Human  Body.  Fascic. 
LX.,Lou.,  1799-1802.     Royal  4to,  2d  edition,  1812. 

"  His  next  work  was  the  Illustration  of  Morbid  Anatomy,  by  a 
series  of  splendid  eni;ravin;xs;  credita,ble  at  once  to  his  own  taste 
and  liberality,  an<l  to  tlK-  state  of  the  arts  in  this  country.  He 
thus  laifl  a  solid  foundation  for  patholofrv.  and  did  for  his  profession 
what  no  pliysiri.in  had  done  before  his  time."— 81R  Chari-ES  Bkll. 
Sir  Walter  Scott  was  tenderly  attached  to  Doctor  Baillie 
and  his  sister  Joanna;  on  the  death  of  the  Doctor,  he  wrote 
a  most  eloquent  letter  to  the  poetess,  which  see  in  Lock- 
hart's  Life  of  Scott. 

"  We  have,  indeed,  to  mourn  such  a  man  as,  since  medicine  was 
first  esteemed  a  useful  and  honoured  science,  has  rarely  occurred 
to  grace  its  annals,  and  who  will  be  lamented  as  long  as  any  one 
lives  who  has  experienced  the  advantage  of  his  professional  skill, 
and  the  atTectioiiate  kindness  by  which  it  was  accompanied." 

"  We  cannot  est  iinate  too  hi^ihly  the  infiuence  of  Dr.  Baillie's 
character  on  the  iJi.if.ssion  to  which  he  belonjied.  I  ought  not, 
perhaps,  to  mention  his  mild  virtues  and  domestic  charities;  yet 
the  recollection  of  these  must  give  a  deeper  tone  to  our  regret,  and 
will  be  interwoven  with  his  public  character,  embellishing  what 
1  seemed  to  want  no  addition." — From  Sir  CharUs  BdVs  el»ge  on  Dr. 
I  Baillie. 

I  Baillie,  Robert,  1597-1662,  a  Presbyterian  divine 
of  considerable  note,  and  Principal  of  the  University  of 
Glasgow,  published  a  number  uf  learned  works,  10^:5-47, 
and  several  were  pub.  after  his  death.  The  best-known 
of  the  latter  is  his  Letters  and  Journals,  containing  an 
Impartial  Account  of  Public  Transactions,  Civil,  Ecclesi- 
astical, and  Military,  in  England  and  Scotland,  from  1637 
to  1662  :  with  an  Account  of  the  Author's  Life,  and  Glos- 
sary. This  work,  the  best  edition  of  which  was  put  forth 
by  Mr.  Laing  in  1841-43,  in  3  vols,  royal  Svo,  was  first 
given  to  the  public  in  1775,  at  the  recommendation  of  Dr. 
Robertson  and  David  Hume :  it  contains  much  valuable 
information  respecting  the  Civil  Wars,  an<l  the  Proceed- 
ings of  the  Westminster  Assembly.  His  Opus  Historicum 
et  Chronologieum,  Amst,  1663,  is  a  learned  work. 

"The  author  endeavours  to  give  a  succinct  and  connected  ac- 
count of  s;uTed  and  profane  history,  from  the  Creation  to  the  Au:e 
of  Cnnstantine.  He  divides  the  (  Hd  Testament  into  seven  epochas, 
and  the  New  Testament  into  a  numlwr  more.  At  the  end  of  the 
sections,  or  epochas.  he  discusses  a  variety  of  chronolo2:ical  ques- 
tions, in  which  he  discovers  his  K-arnintr  and  acuteness." — Ohmk. 
Bailly,  James.  Sermons  on  Hosea  ii.  19,  Lon.,  1697. 
Bailly,  J.  S.  Letters  on  the  Atlantis  of  Plato,  and 
Ancient  ilislorv  of  Asia,  <tc..  Lon.,  1801,  2  vols.  Svo. 

Baily,  Caleb.  Life  of  Jesus,  collected  in  the  words 
of  the  English  Version  of  the  New  Testament.  Lon.,  1726. 
Baily,  Francis,  1774-1844,  of  the  Stock  E.xcbange, 
was  the  founder  of  the  Astronomical  Society  and  the 
principal  contributor  to  its  Memoirs.  1.  Tables  for  the 
Purchasing  and  Renewing  of  Leases,  1802-07-12,  8vo.  2. 
Doctrine  of  Interest  and  Annuities,  1808,  4to.  3.  Doctrine 
of  Life  Annuities  and  Assurances,  1810,  Svo.  4.  Account 
of  several  Life-Assurance  Companies,  1810-11,  8vo.  5. 
Life  of  Elamsteed:  see  Flamsteed. 

Baily,  John,  1643-1697.  a  native  of  Lancashire, 
England,  emigrated  to  New  England  in  1684.  and  was 
ordained  minister  of  Watertowu  in  1686.     In  1692  he  re- 

lul 


BAI 

moved  to  Boston,  where  he  resided  until  his  death.  He 
pub.  an  Address  to  the  people  of  Limerick,  and  a  Sermon 
preached  at  Watertown  in  1689.  His  brother  Thomas 
wrote  some  Latin  odes  at  Lindsay  in  166S,  which  are  in  MS. 
in  the  library  of  the  Mass.  Hist.  Society. 

Bailzie,  or  Baillie,  Wm.,  M.D.,  a  Scottish  physi- 
cian of  the  15th  century,  was  a  defender  of  the  Galenic 
system,  in  preference  to  the  Empiric.  He  wrote  Apologia 
pro  Galeni  doctrina  contra  Empiricos,  Lyons,  1552.  Mac- 
kenzie ascribes  to  him,  De  Quantitate  Syllabarum  Graeca- 
rum  ct  de  Dialectis ;  pub.  in  1600. 

Bain,  or  Bairn.  Faith's  Reply,  ic.  Death  of  Col. 
Velly.  1SU5-06. 

Bain,  Wm.,  R.N.  Variation  of  the  Compass,  1817. 
Bainbridge,  C.  G.  The  Fly  Fisher's  Guide  ;  illus- 
trated Ijy  Cohmred  Plates,  representing  upwards  of  forty 
of  the  most  useful  Flies,  accurately  copied  from  Nature, 
Liverp.,  1816,  8vo,  15s.  12  copies  coloured  with  great  care, 
not  intended  for  sale,  4to,  £2  2». 

Bainbridge,  John,  1582-1643,  an  eminent  physi- 
cian and  astronomer,  a  student  of  Emanuel  ColL,  Cam- 
bridge. In  1619  Sir  Henry  Savile  appointed  him  his  first 
Professor  of  Astronomy  at  Oxford.  He  pub.  An  Astro- 
nomical Description  of  the  late  Comet,  Nov.  18.  1618,  to 
16th  Dec,  Lon.,  1619.  Prodi  spha;ra  de  Hypothesibus 
Planetarum  Ptolemrai,  Lon.,  1620.  Canicularia,  0.xf.,  1648. 
•■  III'  left  all  his  papers  to  Archbishop  Usher.  They  are  now  in 
the  lil.rajy  of  Trinity  Coll.,  Dublin.  Among  them  are  several  un- 
published works :  1.  A  Theory  of  the  Sun.  a.  A  Theory  of  the 
Moon.  3.  Discourse  concerning  the  period  of  the  yeiir.  "  4.  Two 
Books  of  .\stronomical  Calculations.  5.  Miss.  Papers  on  Math. 
and  Astron.  A  large  coUection  of  his  scientific  correspondence, 
with  drafts  of  his  own  letters,  are  also  pre.sci*ved  in  the  same 
library;  including  some  from  Kdward  Wright,  one  of  the  most 
celebrated  astronomers  of  his  day,  and,  we  believe,  the  onlv  mc- 
mori.\ls  of  him  that  are  now  extant."  See  Smith's  Vita  Eriidit. ; 
Biog.  Brit.;  Athen.  Oxon. ;  Kn.se's  Biog.  Diet. 

Bainbridge,  Wm.  A  Practical  Treatise  on  the  Law 
of  Mines  and  Minerals,  Lon.,  1841. 

"  The  author,  a  resident  in  the  mining  district,  lias  the  honour 
of  first  producing  a  regular  legal  treatise  ujjon  the  law  of  mines. 
The  work  is  ably  written,  and  deserves  to  be  more  generally  known 
in  this  country,  [.\nierica.]  where  the  enterprise  of  the  people  has 
already  opened  so  many  sources  of  minen-U  wealth." — Marvin's 
Legal  It'hl. 

Baine,  Bernard.  Con.  to  Med.  Obs.  &,  Inq.,  1762. 
Baine,  Duncan.  Con.  to  Ed.  Med.  Ess.  17.16. 
Baine,  James.  Sermon,1758.  Discourses,  Edin.,1778. 
Baine,  Paul.  Mirror  of  God's  Love.  ASer.,  Lou.,1619. 
Baines,  Edward,  1774-1848,  b.  at  Riimn,  Yorkshire. 
History  of  the  Wars  of  the  French  Revolution,  1814,  con- 
tinued under  the  title  of  a  History  of  the  Reign  of  George 
the  Third.  History,  Directory,  and  Gazetteer  of  the  County 
of  York,  1822,  '23.     A  similar  work  for  the  county  of  Lan- 
caster, 1824,   '25.      Enlarged  as  a  Historv  of  thi  County 
Palatine  and  Duchy  of  Lancaster,  1836.  "  See  Life  by  his 
son,  E.  B.,  1851.     In  1801,  he  purchased  the  copyright  of 
the  Leeds  Mercury,  wliicli  he  pub.  until  his  death. 

Baines,  Edivard,  1).  1800,  son  of  the  preceding. 
History  of  the  Cotton  Manufacture,  1835,  8vo.  He  became 
a  partner  in  the  Leeds  Mercury  in  1827,  which  he  has  con- 
tinued to  conduct  since  his  father's  death. 

Baines,  John,  1786?-1835,  a  m.athematician  of  note, 
who  contributed  largely  to  the  mathematical  periodicals 
of  the  d.ay.  See  the  name  in  Rose's  Biog.  Diet.,  where 
will  be  found  an  interesting  paper  upon  the  subject  of 
mathematical  studies  in  England  during  the  last  century. 
Baines,  John.  Danger  to  the  Faith,  [on  the  Papal 
Aggression,]  Lon.,  18511. 

Baines,  John,  or  Edward.  Essay  on  Fate,  1806. 
Wars  of  the  French  Revolution.  1816-18. 

Baines,  Thomas,  b.  1802,  son  of  Edward  Baines, 
for  many  years  editor  of  the  Liverpool  Times.  History  of 
the  Commerce  of  the  Town  of  Liverpool,  1852,  Lon.,  r. 
8vo.     Scenery  and  Events  in  South  Africa.  Part  1,  fol. 

Baird,  Robert,  D.D.,  b.  1798,  in  Fayette  county, 
Pennsylvania,  has  Ijecomo  widely  known  in  America  and 
Europe  by  his  labours  for  the  extension  of  the  Protestant 
religion.  Dr.  Baird  has  published  a  luimlier  of  works, 
some  of  which  have  been  translated  into  foreign  tongues. 
A  View  of  the  Valley  of  the  Mississippi,  l"hila.,  r832. 
History  of  the  Temperance  Societies :  in  French,  Paris, 
1836  :  translated  into  German.  Dutch.  Swedish,  Finnish, 
and  Russian.  A  View  of  Religion  in  America.  Glasgow! 
1842:  translated  into  French.  German.  Dutch,  and  Swed- 
ish. Protestantism  in  Italy,  Boston,  1845.  The  Christian 
Retrospect  and  Register,  New  York,  1851.  See  Men  of 
the  Time.  History  of  the  Waldenses,  Albigonses,  and 
Vaudois.    Visit  to  Northern  Europe.     Besides  these  and  a 


BAK 

few  other  works,  Dr.  Baird  has  been  an  e.xtensive  con- 
tributor to  periodical  literature,  and  has  embudied  the  re- 
sults itf  his  observation  in  foreign  countries  in  popular 
lectures,  which  have  been  frequently  delivered  in  several 
of  the  larger  cities  of  the  United  States.  Sketches  of 
Protestantism  in  Italy,  Past  and  Present;  including  a 
Notice  of  the  Origin,  History,  and  Present  State  of  the 
Waldenses,  new  edition,  much  improved,  portrait  of  the 
Duchess  of  Ferrara,  12mo. 

"A  most  interesting  volume,  which  has  had  great  success  in 
America.  The  pi-esent  edition  contains  many  important  additions, 
collected  during  the  author's  third  visit  to  Italy  in  Dec,  lS4li,  and 
now  first  published." 

Dr.  Baird's  sons  inherit  the  literary  taste  of  their  father. 
The  Rev.  Chas.  W.  Baird  had  charge  of  a  Protestant  chapel 
at  Rome,  and  another  son  has  gained  distinction  by  his 
proficiency  in  Greek  literature. 

^  Baird,  Spencer  F.,  b.  1823,  at  Reading,  Penn.,Prof. 
Nat.  Sci.,  Dickinson  Coll.  Asst.  Sec.  Smithsonian  Inst. 
The  able  editor  and  translator  of  the  Iconographic  En- 
cyclopedia, 4  vols.  8vo,  2  vols,  plates,  500  steel  plates,  N. 
Y''ork,  1851.  Author  of  various  minor  pai>ers  on  Zoology, 
and  of  reports  on  Natural  History  collections  made  by 
Capt.  Stansbury,  Capt.  Marcy,  Lieut.  Gilliss,  the  U.S. 
and  Me.\ican  Boundary  Survey,  and  the  Pacific  R.R. 
Survey. 

Baird,  Thomas.  Gen.  View  of  the  Agriculture  of 
thecounty  of  Middlesex,  Ac,  Lon.,  1793,  4to. 

"  The  matter  is  well  arranged,  and  verv  sensibly  expressed  It 
was  the  first  report  of  the  couutv  of  Middlese.x,  and  was  followed 
by  those  of  Foot  and  Middleton."— Donaidsoii's  Aijricult.  Biog. 

Baird,  Thomas.  A  Treatise  on  the  laws  of  Scot- 
land, relative  to  master  and  servant,  and  master  and  ap- 
prentice. Edin.,  1841. 

•■  A  learned,  elaborate,  carefully  written,  and  authoritative  trea- 
tise. —.M,:i  fill's  Lrgul  Biii. 

ISuirdy,  John.     Balm  from  Gilead,  Lon.,  1681. 

Bairn,  John.     See  Bain. 

Baitman,  Geo.  The  Arrow  of  the  Almighty  shot 
against  the  Uncalled  Ministers  of  England,  Lon. 

Baker.     On  Small  Pox.     Mem.  Med.,  1792. 

Baker,  Aaron.     Sermon,  2  Sam.  xv.  31,  Lon..  1678. 

Baker,  Aune.  Glossary  of  Northamptonshire,  2 
vols.  p.  8vo. 

Baker,  Arthur.     Sermons  on  Holy  Joy.  Lon.,  1847. 

Baker,  Benj.  Franklin,  b.  1811,  in  Massachusetts. 
Musical  Author.  Ed.  Clioral.  Timbrel,  Haydn,  Union 
Glee-Book,  Theory  of  Harmony,  School  Chimes,  Ac.  kn. 

Baker,  Charles,  superintendent  of  the  Y'orkshirc  In- 
stitution fur  the  Deaf  and  Dumb  at  Doncaster,  England. 
His  contributions  to  the  Penny  Cyclopedia  in  1835  on  the 
Deaf,  Dumb,  and  Blind,  and  to  the  |iub]ieations  of  the  Soc. 
for  the  Difl'usion  of  Useful  Knowledge,  have  been  pub- 
lished in  1  vol.  8vo. 

Baker,  D.  Poems,  Hicathrift;  dueUum,etc.,Lon.,1697. 

Baker,  D.  B.  Nature  and  causes  of  doubt  in  reli- 
gious questions,  (Anon.,)  Lon.,  1831.  Discourses  to  a  Vil- 
lage Congregation,  Lon.,  1832. 

Baker,  Daniel.  Relation  of  some  of  the  cruel  suf- 
ferings of  Kath.  Evans,  and  Sar.  Chevers,  in  the  Inquisi- 
tion at  Malta.  Lon..  1662. 

Baker,  Daniel,  D.D.,  Prest.  of  Austin  College.  Texas, 
a  Prcsliytcriau  minister.  ASectionate  Address  to  Mothers, 
Phila.,  18mo.  Affectionate  Address  to  Fathers,  ISiuo.  A 
Plain  and  Scriptural  View  of  Baptism.  18mo.  Revival 
Sermons,  12ino ;  1st  and  2d  series.  The  3d  ed.  of  the  First 
Series  was  pub.  in  1855. 

Baker,  David,  or  Father  Augnstin,  1575-1641, 
made  collections  for  ecclesiastical  history,  which  are  sup- 
posed to  be  lost.  Royner's  Apostolatus  Benedictorum  in 
Anglia  is  said  to  be  chiefly  derived  from  Baker's  MSS. 
Hugh  Cressy's  Church  History  owes  much  to  the  labours 
of  Baker.  Cressy  pub.  at  Dow.ay,  1657.  Sancta  Sophia, 
or  Directions  for  the  Prayer  of  Contemplation,  extracted 
out  of  the  treatises  written  by  F.  Aug.  Baker. 

Baker,  David  Erskine,  d.  1767  ?  was  the  first  com- 
piler of  the  Biographia  Dramatica,  which  ajjpeared  in  2 
vols.,  1764.  It  was  continued  to  17S2  by  Isa,ac  Reed,  and 
brought  down  to  the  end  of  November,  1811,  by  Stephen 
Jones.  The  whole  work  is  comprised  in  three  volumes, 
bound  in  four.  Lon..  1812.  He  was  also  the  author  of 
some  fugitive  poetry,  of  The  Muse  of  Ossian,  Edin.,  1763, 
and  of  some  papers  in  the  Phil.  Trans.,  1747-54.  lie  was 
a  grandson  of  the  celebrated  Daniel  Defoe.  For  a  severe 
critique,  by  Octavius  Gilchrist,  on  the  enlarged  edition  of 
the  Biographia  Dramatica,  see  the  Quarterly  Review,  vii. 
283-93 :  this  was  answered  by  Jones  in  a  pamphlet  enti- 
tled Hypercriticism  Exposed,  1812. 


BAK 


Baker,  Ezekicl.     A  work  on  RiBe  Guns,  Lon.,  1S05. 

Baker,  Geoffrey,  a  monk  of  Oseney,  trans,  into 
Latin  in  1347,  Thomas  De  La  More's  French  History  ot 
the  reigns  of  Edward  L  and  Edward  IL  Camden  pub- 
lished iiis  cdin.niele.— Tannee. 

Baker,  George,  d.  159<J?  surfjeon  in  ordinary  to 
Queen  Elizal.etb,  pub.  a  number  of  professional  works, 
1574-79,  and  trans,  into  English,  from  the  French,  the 
Apologie  and  Voyages  of  Ambrose  Pare.  ,  ,  .v 

Baker,  George,  Archdeacon  of  Totness,  and  lather 
of  f^ir  Geo.  llakcr,  the  distinguished  physician.  The  Re- 
spect due  to  a  Church  of  God,  1  Cor.  xi.  22,  17.33. 

Baker,  George.  Trans.  The  History  of  Rome  by 
Titus   Livius,  Lou.,  1797.     The  Unitarian  Refuted,  ISlb. 

Baker,  George.  Navy  of  England,  and  other 
Poems,  1SU7.  ic.  .  .         .  ,t     .u 

Baker,  George.  History  and  Antiquities  ot  JNortn- 
amptunshire,  2  vols,  in  4  parts.  Imp.  folio,  1S22-3G, 
large  paper,  pub.  at  £25  4«.  ;  small  paper  at  £12  Us. 

•Mini-  cf  the  most  valu.lWe  topographical  works  ever  published, 
dispiayina  the  most  minute  research  aud  industry.  —Lowndes: 

Part  IV..  being  the  first  of  vol.  ii.,  was  pub.  in  1836. 
This  portion  comprises  the  whole  of  the  two  Hundreds  ot 
Norton  and  Cloley.  the  former  containing  nine  parishes, 
and  the  latter  thirteen.  It  also  contains  a  variety  of  other 
intere«tin<'  aud  valualile  matter.  Part  V.  was  published 
in  1841  This  is  but  a  fragment,  a  third  of  one  of  the 
usual  numbers ;  yet  embracing  the  entire  history  of  the 

Hundred  of  Towcoster.  ^  » v  t  tr^^ 

•■The  History  of  Northamptonshire  has  not  been  exempt  from  ; 
the  nsu.%1  difficulties  appertaining  to  works  of  .a  topographical  na- 
ture? yet.  under  all  hinderauces,  it  has  sp-adually.  though  slowly^ 
oro-ressed,  whilst  each  successive  portion  h.HS  been  as  ably  pr.> 
duced  and  each  has  been  made  as  singularly  valuable  as  the  pre; 
"edTn^  ones,  for  its  m.anorial  history,  for  the  accurate  fulness  of 
itsTdi.n-ees,  [in  which  matter  Mr.  Baker  had  to  contend  with 
ireat  difficulties,!  and  for  the  comprehensive  account  of  the  respeit- 
fve  parishes  or  hamlets  that  were  brought  under  review.  '-Lon. 
Gcti(.  J/ap.,  1S41.  p,l,„,i:. 

See  this  periodical  for  an  interesting  account  ot  the  dis- 
couragements under  which  Mr.  Baker  found  himself 
placed  At  the  lime  of  the  publication  of  Fart  V.  he  had 
suffered  a  loss  of  no  less  than  220  subscribers  since  he 
first  issued  his  prospectus.  The  arduous  labours  of  such 
able  and  indefatigalile  topographers  should  be  encouraged 
hv  he-irtv  co-operation  and  a  spirit  of  prompt  liberality. 
•Baker,  Sir  George,  Bart.,  M.D.,  1722-1809,  was 
the  sou  of  the  Rev.  George  Baker,  archdeacon  and  i-egis- 
trar  of  Totness.  He  was  entered  at  King  s  College,  Cam- 
bridge, in  1742,  and  took  the  degree  of  M.D.  in  175fa. 
He  was  honoured  by  the  appointment  of  physician  in  or- 
dinary to  Queen  Charlotte,  aud  afterwards  to  Geo.  111. 

Sir  George  was  eminent  as  a  classical  scholar;  both  his 
Latin  and  "English  compositions  have  been  highly  com- 
mended by  severe  judges.  He  pub.  Dis.sertatio  de  Affce- 
tibus  A.nimi.  Cantab.,  1755.  Oralio  Haveriana,  Lon., 
1751  1761  Calci  Oratione.  Lon..  1701.  De  Catarrho  et 
de  ilVsenteria  Londineusi  Epidemieis  utristiue,  1762.  An 
Inouiry  into  the  Merits  of  a  Method  of  Inoculation  of  the 
Small  Pox,  which  is  now  practised  in  several  of  the  coun- 
ties of  En-land,  Lon.,  1766.  An  Essay  concerning _tlio 
cause  of  the  Eudemial  Colic  of  Devonshire,  Lon.,  lifai. 
Opuscula  Medica,  iterum  edita,  Lon.,  1771.  He  also  con- 
tributed to  Med.  Obs.  and  Inq.,  1762,  78,  and  So;  and  to 

*^"  He  dtedln  his  SSth  year,  after  having  passed  a  long  life  with- 
out anyTf  those  infirmities  from  which  he  h.^d  relieved  thousands 
in  the  course  of  his  practice;  and  died  so  easily,  and  apparently 
so  f,«  from  pain,  thit  the  remarkable  words  of  Cicero  may  be  said 
of  hta,  A>»  V«i  fuit  vita  errpta,  sul  mors  donala:  •  He  was  not  de- 
prived of  life,  but  presented  with  death.'  '  Bifu'siys  Bishop 
Bolsuet.  on  the  death  of  a  great  man.  ■  n'a  paslui  M  \a  v,e  mau 
iutlm  un  pr^mt  de  la  vun-f  No  man.  perhaps,  ever  followed 
the  career  of  physic,  and  tlie  elegant  paths  of  the  Greek  and  Ro 
man  Muses,  for  the  space  of  several  years,  with  more  success  than 
Sir  Geor-e  Baker;  the  proofs  of  which  may  be  seen  in  his  pul> 
lished  and  unpublished  works,  the  splendour  of  his  fortune,  the 
esteem,  respect,  and  admiration  of  his  contemporaries.  —A  tchoh  s 
Literary  Anecdotes,  vol.  iii.  ,.  >      -.i. 

Baker,  Henry,  1703-1774,  a  learned  naturalist,  with 
some  pretensions  as  a  poet.  An  Invocation  to  Health ;  a 
Poem,  Lon.,  1722.  Original  Poems.  1725-26.  The  Mi- 
croscope made  easy,  a  work  highly  commended,  Lon., 
174'1-  several  editions;  trans,  into  German,  Amst,  1 1  44. 
Emnloyment  for  the  Microscope,  Lon.,  1753.  The  Lni- 
verse-  a  Philosophical  Poem,  intended  to  restrain  the 
nride'of  Man:  often  reprinted.  He  c.mtributed  to  t,he 
Lin  Trans..  1740:  to  the  Phil.  Trans.,  1744,  '48,  '50,  'o5, 
'57  'and  '60  Mr.  Baker  was  very  successful  in  imparting 
knowledge  to  the  deaf  and  dumb,  of  which  art  he  m;ide  a 
profession.     Ue  married  the  youngest  daughter  ol  Daniel 


BAK 

I  Defoe.     The  Bnkerian  Lecture  of  the  Royal  Society  was 
founded  by  Ibis  gentleman. 

Baker,  Henry,  son  of  the  preceding,  wrote  Essays, 
I  Pastoral  and  Elegiac,  Lon.,  1756.  _ 

Baker,  Humphrey.  The  Well-Spring  of  Science, 
Lon.,  1562:  a  very  popular  work  on  arithmetic. 

"  Of  all  works  on  arithmenc  prior  to  tli>-  puWicatinn  of  Cocker's 
celebrated  book  on  the  same  siil.j.rtd'-.os.i  this  ..1  .akcrs  ap- 
proaches nearest  to  the  masterpiece  uf  that  o.l.OM.,od.o.thn,,.tc,an 
:  .  .  It  continued  to  he  constantly  rcpniitcd  till  los.,  the  latest 
edition  we  have  met  with." — Jio.'e's  Biog.  Diet. 

Ho  translated  from  the  French,  Rules  and  Documents 
concerning  the  Use  and  Practice  of  the  Common  Alma- 
nacs, Lon.,  1587.  ...       .      „     .        , 
Baker,  J.     His.   of  the   Inquisition  in  Spain,    4c., 

Weston,  1734.  ,   ,^       ,   ^,  .,  ,   „ 

Baker,   J.   B.     Grammar  of  Moral  Philos.  and  N. 

The.d.,1811.  _^     ^         .  ,n   ., 

Baker,  James.  Guide  of  Wales,  1793.  Imperial  Guide. 
Baker,  John.      Lectures   upon    the   Articles,   Lon., 

1581-3—4. 

Baker,  John  W.     E.xperiments  in  Agricult.,  vol.  vi. 

^^ B'aker,  Osman  C,  b.  1812,  at  Marlow,  N.H    Bishop 

M   E.  Church.     1.  Discipline  of  the  M.  h.  Church,  12nio, 

nD  253.     2.  Last  Witness,  24mo,  pp.  108. 

Baker,Peter.  E-xpositiou  on  Acts  xi.  27-30,Lon.,1597. 

Baker,  Rachel.     Sermons  del'd  during  Sleep,  1815. 

Baker,  Uichard.     Idea  of  Arithmetick,  Lon.,  16o5. 

Baker,  Uichard,     Chap,  to  the  Brit.  Residents  at 

Hamburg.       The  German   Pulpit:  being  a  Selection  of 

Sermons  by  the  most  eminent  modern  Divines  ol  Ger- 

manv.  Lnn.,  1829.  ,      t    „ 

Baker,  Richard,  pub.  sever.al  theolog.  works,  Lon., 
17S'^-1S11       The  Psalms  of  David  Evangelized,  1811. 

••  A  practical  work,  adiipted  to  the  use  "f  S''™""  I'fj''^'  "^ 
hlin-  them  to  read  the  Psalms  with  understanding  and  devotion. 
It  Si  be  found  both  pleasant  and  profitable  to  pious  per- 
sons."— Evavgdical  Magmin*'. 

Baker,  Sir  Richard,  156S?-1645,  the  grandson  of 
Sir  John  Baker,  chancellorof  the  exchequerto  Henry  \  111., 
was  born  at  Sissingherst,  in  Kent.  In  1584  ho  was  en- 
tered as  commoner  at  Hart  Hall  iu  Oxford,  where  he  re- 
mained for  three  years.  In  1603  he  was  knighted  b.y  King 
James  I.  He  married  a  daughter  of  Sir  George  Mainwar- 
in.'  of  I"htfiel.l,  in  Shropshire  ;  and  becoming  surety  lor 
the  obligations  of  some  members  of  this  family,  he  was 
stripped'^of  his  property,  and  thrown  into  the  Fleet  prison, 
where  he  remained  until  bis  death. 

He  turned  author  in  the  hope  of  soothing  his  sorrows, 
profitably  employing  his  time,  and  providing  for  his  ne- 
cessities. His  earliest  work  bears  date  1636,  wdien  the 
author  was  67  or  68  years  of  age.  It  is  entitled  Cato  Va- 
riegatus,  or  Cato's  Moral  Distiches  varied  Thi.s  is  a  poem 
In  addition  to  his  "  Chronicle,"  of  which  we  shall  speak 
presently,  he  published  a  number  of  other  works,  the  prin- 
cipal of  which  are;  Meditations  .and  Disqu.si  lons^  on  the 
Lord's  Prayer,  1637.  This  attained  its  4th  edition  in  1640. 
Sir  Henry  Wotton,  his  (piondam  fellow-student,  examined 
this  work  in  MS.,  and  spoke  of  it  in  the  following  hand- 

'"'TZradmire  the  veiy  character  of  your  st.vle,  -«*  ^^.^^^h 
to  me  to  have  not  a  little  of  the  .\frican  idea  of  ^  Austin  s  Age , 
full  of  sweet  raptures,  and  of  researching  conceits;  nothing  bor- 
rowed, nothing  vulgar,  and  yet  aU  flowing  from  you  (.1  know  not 
how)  with  a  certain  equal  facility." 

Meditations  and  Disquisitions  on  the  three  last  Psalms 
of  David,  1639.  On  the  50th  Psalm  ;  the  7  Penitential 
Psalms :  the  first  Psalm  ;  the  seven  Consolatory  Psalms, 
1639-1040.  Med.  and  Prayers  on  the  (  days  ot  the  week, 
1640  Apology  for  Laymen's  writing  Divinit.y.  1641. 
Theatrum  Redivivnm.  in  answer  to  Mr.  Prynne  s  H.strio- 
Mastrix,  1662.  Theatrum  Triumphans.  The  two  la»t  are 
ascribed  to  him,  though  not  pub.  until  after  his  death  It 
is  supposed  that  Archbishop  Williams  purchased  our  au- 
thor's books  for  £500.  He  made  some  translations  from 
the  French  and  Itali.an.  .  tt.„„„ 

Sir  Richard  is  best  known  by  the  Chronicle  of  the  Kings 
of  England,  (1641,)  which  was  the  historical  treasury  of 
our  ancestors  before  the  publication  of  Rapin  s  History. 
Itwasrepub.in  1653  and  1658.  To  the  last  edition  was 
added  the  reign  of  Charles  L,  witli  a  continuation  to  16o8, 
by  Edward  Phillips,  nephew  to  Milton.  A  fourth  edition 
appeared  in  1665,  with  a  continuation  to  the  coronation  ot 
Charles  II  The  Account  of  the  Restoration  was  princi- 
pally written  Ijy  Sir  Thomas  Clarges,  (brother-in-law  of 
the  "Duke  of  Albemarle,)  though  adopted  by  Phillips. 
Thomas  Blount  published  a  severe  criticism  upon  the 
work   under  the  title  of  Animadversions  upon  Sir  Richard 


BAK 

Baker's  Chronicle  and  its  Continuation,  which  Anthony 
Wood  considered  to  be  well  deserved  : 

"  But  so  it  was,  that  the  Author  Baker,  and  his  continuator 
Phillips,  having  committed  very  manv  errors,  Thoni.  Bl.mnt  pub 
Animadversions,  Sic.  .  .  which  book  containini;  only  a  sii.dmrn  of 
the  errors,  it  may  easily  be  discerned  what  the  whole  Chronicle 
containeth." — Atlten.  Oxnn. 

Another  ed.  1684.  Another  abridged,  and  a  continua- 
tion to  1726,  was  pub.  17:iO.  In  all,  12  editions  liave  been 
printed.  Another  in  1733,  called  the  best  edition,  but  it 
lacks  many  curious  papers  contained  in  the  early  editions, 
especially  in  the  first  ed.,  (16il.) 

Thom.as  Blount  was  not  the  only  censurer  of  Sir  Rich- 
ard's Chronicle.     Bishop  Nicolson  remarks  that 

"  The  author  was  a  person  of  those  accomplishments  in  wit  and 
language,  that  his  Chronicle  has  been  the  best  read  and  liked  of 
any  hitherto  published:  the  method  is  new,  and  seems  t<j  please 
the  rabble;  but  learned  men  will  tje  of  another  opinion."— Hm^ui-i- 
cat  Library,  Part  i. 

"  It  is  a  very  mean  and  jgune  performance;  and  nowise  to  be 
relied  upon." — Bing.  BrU. 

"  Being  reduced  to  method,  and  not  according  to  time,  pur- 
posely to  please  gentlemen  and  novices,  many  chief  things  to  be  ob- 
served therein,  as  name.  time.  Ac.  are  egregiously  false,  and  con- 
sequently breed  a  great  deal  of  confusionln  the  peruser,  especially 
If  he  be  curious  or  critical." — A.  Wood. 

In  utter  contempt  of  the  critics,  edition  after  edition 
appeared,  with  all  the  old  blunders  and  erroneous  dates 
repeated.  The  edition  of  1730  contains  corrections  of 
Baker's  errors  ;  but  then  Phillips's  continuation  is  corrected, 
many  public  places,  lists  of  names,  &.c.  being  omitted,  or 
the  substance  only  of  them  given.  So  we  say  with  the 
Hebrew  of  ancient  time — "  The  old  is  better." 
Bishop  Nicolson  complains  that 

"  So  little  regard  have  we  for  truth,  if  a  story  be  but  handsomely 
told,  the  chronicle  has  Iteen  reprinted  since  that  time,  and  sells  .a"s 
well  as  ever  notwithstanding  that  no  notice  is  taken  of  the  ani- 
madversion.s.  but  all  the  old  faults  remain  uncorrected." 

It  was  a  great  book  for  the  country  squire's  round-table ; 
the  companion  of  the  Family  Bible,  the  dog-eared,  pie- 
crusted  Shakspeare,  .and  F(.x's  Book  of  Martyrs.  Sir 
Roger  de  Coverley  knew  and  loved  it,  for  Addison  tells  us 
that  he  found 

"Since  I  was  with  him  in  the  country,  he  had  drawn  many  ob- 
servations together,  out  of  his  reading  in  Baker's  Chronicle."— 
Spect'-ltnr,  No.  269. 

But  Daines  Earrington  seems  to  think  that  this  notice 
did  not  benefit  Baker's  reputation  any : 

"  Baker  is  by  no  means  so  contemptible  a  writer  as  he  is  gene- 
rally supposed  to  be  :  it  is  believed  that  the  ridicule  on  his  Chroni- 
cle, arises  from  its  being  part  of  the  furniture  of  Sir  Itoger  de 
Coverley's  hall  in  one  of  the  .Spectators." 

But  who  doubts  that  this  notice  by  Addison  has  sold 
many  hundreds  of  copies  since?  Nay,  who  does  not  feel  a 
violent  desire  to  possess  the  book  himself,  when  he  is  told 
that  the  good  Sir  Roger  thumbed  its  pages,  and  drew  from 
them  his  "many  observations?" 

How  Dilidin  can  so  misrepresent  Anthony  Wood  as  to 
charge  him  impliedly  with  commending  Baker's  work,  we 
.  cannot  understand.  Anthony  Wood  does  any  thing  else, 
as  we  have  just  shown  ;  aud  as  the  reader  will  see  at  large 
by  referring  to  the  Athen.  0-\on.  Dibdin  likewise  does 
great  injustice  to  Baker  in  presuming  that  he  was  "  a  gay 
and  imprudent  man."  because  he  died  in  the  Fleet  prison. 
Imprudence,  indeed,  of  one  description  brought  him  into 
the  prison  ;  but  not  that  kind  of  imprudence  for  which  gay 
men  are  generally  reproached. 

Baker  made  no  secret  of  his  opinion  as  to  the  merits  of 
his  Chronicle.  He  was  not  like  some  authors  who  apologize 
for  writing  until  we  wonder  why  they  have  written,  and 
then  deplore  their  many  faults,  until  wo  marvel  they  have 
not  thrown  their  books  into  the  fire.  On  the  contrary, 
Sir  Richard  assures  us  that  his 

"  Chronicle  was  collected  with  so  great  care  and  diligence,  that 
if  all  other  of  our  Chronicles  were  lost,  this  only  would  be  suffi- 
cient to  inform  posterity  of  all  passages  memoriiblo  or  worthy  to 
be  known." 

Having  thus  kindly  dispelled  any  fears  which  the  world 
might  entertain  of  the  consequences  of  a  gener.al  literary 
confi,agration.  Sir  Richard  goes  on  in  the  same  liberiil 
spirit,  to  assure  his  readers  that  he  gives  them  ''  all  pas- 
sages of  State  and  Church  ;"  and  determined  to  satisfy 
every  craving  for  information  however  cvtravagant,  he 
promises  to  record  "all  other  observations  proper  for  a 
Chronicle."  This  is  tolerably  liber.al ;  but  nothing  is  too 
large  for  Sir  Richard's  charity.  What  entertainment  did 
that  Goth  of  a  son-in-law  of  his  keep  from  us — that  "one 
Smith,"  as  he  is  contemptuously  denominated,  and  rightly 
enough, — when  with  unh.aUowed  hands  he  destroyed  Sir 
Richard's  autobiography  ! 

Fuller  speaks  of  him  affection.ately  : 

"  His  youth  be  spent  in  learning,  the  benefit  whereof  he  reaped 
In  his  old  age,  when  his  estate  through  suretyship  (as  I  have  heard 


B.\K 

Bim-  somplain)  was  very  much  impaired.  But  God  may  smile  on 
them  (Tn  whom  the  world  doth  frr.wn;  whereof  his  pious  old  a"e 
was  a  memorable  instance,  when  the  stoi-m  on  his  estate  forced 
him  to  fly  for  shelter  to  his  studies  and  devotions.  lie  wrote  an 
■K.\pnsition  on  the  Lord's  Prayer,"  which  is  co-rival  with  the  best 
comments  which  professed  divines  have  written  on  that  subject." 
—  ITT.j-rtic,?. 

Baker,  Robt.,  d.  1680  ?  wrote  in  verse  an  account  of 
two  voyages  he  made  to  Guinea  in  1562-63.       See  Hakluyt's 
Collection. 
Baker,  Robert.     Cursus  Osteologicus,  Lon.,  1697. 
Baker,  Robert.      Witticisms   and   Strokes   of  Hu 
moiir,  1766. 
Baker,  S.    Manners  and  Cusl.  of  the  Turks,  Lon..  1796. 
Baker.  Sanil.     Sermons,  pub.  1710-29. 
Baker,  Saml.     Rebellion;  Ser.  on  Mark  vii.  13,  1745. 
Baker,  S.  U'.     1.  Eight  Years'  Wanderings  in  Ceylon, 
Lon.,  1.S5H,  Svo.  2.  The  Rifle  and  the  Houud  in  Ceylon,  8vo. 
Baker,  T.     Poem  on  Winter,  .tc,  1767. 
Baker,    Thomas,    Rector   of    Stanmcrcuni-Falmer, 
Sussex.     Sermons  extracted  from  the  Lectures  of  Bishop 
Porteus.  intended  for  the  use  of  the  younger  clergy  and 
for  families.  Lon..  1817. 

Baker,  Thomas,  1625-1690,  an  English  mathema- 
tician of  note,  born  at  Ilton  in  Somersetshire,  entered  at 
Oxford  in  1640.  He  pub.  The  Geometrical  Key,  or  the 
Gate  of  Equations  Unlocked,  Lon.,  16S4.  This  work  was 
highly  valued  both  at  home  and  abroad.  An  edition  was 
pub.  in  Latin. 

"  Baker  discovered  a  rule  or  method  for  determining  the  centre 
of  a  circle,  which  shall  cut  a  giveu  parabola  in  as  many  points  as 
a  given  equation,  to  be  constructed,  has  real  roots.  This  method 
is  generally  known  as  the  cenlriil  ruk.  The  central  rule  is  founded 
on  this  principle  of  the  parabola:  that  if  a  line  be  inscribed  in  the 
curve  perpendicular  to  any  diameter,  the  rectangle  of  the  segments 
of  this  line  is  equal  to  the  rectangle  of  the  intercepted  part  of  the 
diameter  and  the  parameter  of  the  axis." — Hose's  Bujg.  IHct, 

Baker,  Thomas,  1656-1740,  a  learned  antiquary, 
was  born  at  Crook,  in  the  pari.sh  of  Lancaster,  in  the  Bi- 
shopric of  Durham.  In  1674  he  was  entered  at  St,  John's 
College.  Cambridge,  and  in  1679  became  a  Fellow  of  the 
college  ;  in  1686  he  was  ordained  priest  by  Bishop  Barlow. 
He  accepted  the  post  of  chaplain  to  Crew,  Bishop  of  Dur- 
ham, who  gave  him,  in  1687,  the  rectory  of  Long  Newton. 
He  proved  his  conscientiousness  by  refusing  to  read  the 
declaration  of  indulgence  of  James  II.,  and  afterwards 
by  declining  to  take  the  oaths  to  the  new  government.  In 
1717,  with  twenty-one  others,  he  was  deprived  of  his  fel- 
lowship. After  this  event,  he  was  accustomed  to  add  to 
his  signature  Sonus  EjerHiis.  He  continued  to  reside  in 
his  college  as  a  commoner-master  until  his  death.  Having 
now  time  and  opportunities  for  study,  he  devoted  himself 
to  investigations  in  history,  biography,  aud  antiquities, 
with  a  zeal  seldom  witnessed.  So  extensive  were  his  in- 
quiries, and  so  liberal  was  he  in  his  communications  of 
their  results,  that 

_"  There  is  scarcely  a  work  in  the  department  of  English  Ilistoi-y, 
Biography,  and  Antiquities,  that  appeared  in  his  time,  in  which 
we  do  not  find  acknowledgments  of  the  assistance  which  had 
been  received  from  Mr.  Baker.  We  may  mention,  particularly,  Dr. 
Walker,  in  his  Account  of  the  Sufferings  of  the  Clergy:  Burnet; 
Dr,  .Tohn  Smith,  the  editor  of  Bede;  Dr.  Knight,  in  his  Life  of 
Krasmus:  Browne  Willis;  Francis  Peck:  Dr.  Ward,  in  his  Lives 
ol^  the  Gresham  Professors:  Dr.  Richardson,  in  his  work  on  the 
Lives  of  the  English  Bishops:  Ames  in  bis  Typographical  Antiqui- 
ties; Lewis,  in  his  History  of  the  Knglish  Translations  of  the  Bible; 
Strype  and  Ilearne.  in  many  of  their  works," — Rose's  BO.f].  Did. 

He  made  large  transcriptions  from  historical  and  other 
documents;  23  vols,  of  MSS.  he  gave  to  the  Earl  of  Ox- 
ford. These  form  part  of  the  Harleian  MSS.,  (Brit.  Mu- 
seum, 7028  to  7050.)  Ho  also  left  19  vols,  of  his  MSS,  to 
the  public  library  at  Cambridge.  Mr.  Baker  published 
but  one  Work,  Reflections  on  Learning,  showing  the  insuf- 
ficiency thereof  in  its  several  particulars,  in  order  to  evince 
the  usefulness  and  necessity  of  Revelation,  Lon.,  1710. 
This  work  went  through  eight  editions,  and  was  one  of 
the  most  popular  books  in  the  language.  The  author  has 
a  curious  passage  on  philosophy,  which  we  quote : 

"  Since  Aristotle's  philosophy  has  been  exploded  in  the  schools, 
under  which  we  had  nu/re  pmce,  and  possibly  almost  as  much  truth 
as  we  have  had  siuce.  we  have  not  been  able  to  fix  any  more,  but 
have  been  wavering  from  one  point  to  another." 

Mr.  Bosworth.  in  his  Method  of  Study,  ranks  this  work 
among  the  classics  for  purity  of  style;  but  difl'erent  views 
have  been  expressed : 

*•  Tbougli  the  style  is  perspicuous  and  manly,  it  can  scarcely  be 
applauded  as  rising  to  any  degree  of  elecance.  It  is.  undoubte'dly, 
in  several  respects,  a  worji  of  very  considciable  merit," 

Great  disappointment  was  felt  that  Mr.  ISaker  did  not 
complete  his  design  of  writing  an  Athence  Canlahn'r/iensi- 
hus,  on  the  plan  of  Wood's  Athena  Oxoniensis.  His  MSS. 
collections  relative  to  the  history  and  antiquities  of  the 


BAK 


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XTniversity  of  Cambridge  amounted  to  .S9  vols,  in  folio, 
and  3  in  4to  :  (in  British  Museum,  and  Pub.  Lib.  of  Camb. 
See  above.)  Has  Cambridge  no  son  witli  sufficient  zeal  to 
undertake  the  still-neglected  duty  of  an  Athen.  Cantab.? 
Baker  was  a  striking  instance  of  the  truth  of  Hcarne's 
complaint  of  the  students  of  monuments  and  records,  quoted 
by  Dr.  Johnson  in  the  Rambler. — Biog.  Brit. 

*'  As  their  employment  consists  tirst  in  collecting,  and  afterwards 
in  arranj.^iii^,  or  al)stractiug,  what  libraries  afford  them,  they  ouj;ht 
to  amass  uo  more  than  they  can  digest;  but  when  they  have  ua- 
dertiiken  a  work,  they  go  on  searching  and  trauscribing,  call  for 
new  supplies — when  they  are  alreudy  over-burdened,  and  at  last 
leave  theii'  work  unfinished.  It  is.  says  he,  the  business  of  a  good 
antiquary,  as  of  a  good  man,  to  have  mortality  always  before  hun." 

Of  our  author  Hearne  speaks  highly  : 

"Optandum  est  ut  sua  quoque  collectanea  de  antiquitatibus. 
Cantabrigiensibus  juris  facial  publici  el.  Bakerus,  quippe  qui 
eruditione  summa  judicioque  acri  et  subacto  poUeat." 

Dr.  Knight  styles  him.  "the  greatest  master  of  the  an- 
tiquities of  this  our  university."  Horace  Walpole  wrot«  a 
Life  of  Baker  (in  the  quarto  ed.  of  his  works)  in  1778,  of 
which  a  friend  of  Mr.  Nichols  writes  to  him :  "  I  never 
thought  that  the  sprightly,  inquisitive  Horace  Walpole 
could  ever  have  written  any  thing  of  so  little  information 
or  curiosity." 

Dr.  Richard  Rawlinson  gives  a  very  great  character  of 
Mr.  Baker : 

"  That  the  people  of  St.  John's  should  have  highly  respected  Mr. 
Baker,  is  surely  much  to  the  credit  of  the  Society ;  especially  if 
we  consider  how  little  people,  not  actually  members,  are  liked  for 
stay  i  Dg  and  taking  up  room." —  T.  F. ,  in  Nichols's  Literary  Anecdotus, 
which  see  for  a  detailed  account  of  Baker. 

Mr.  Master  pub.  Memoirs  of  the  Life  and  Writings  of 
our  author,  with  a  Catalogue  of  his  MS.  collections:  a  sy- 
nopsis of  the  latter  may  be  seen  in  the  Biog.  Brit. 

That  the  people  of  St.  John's  did  '*  highly  respect  Mr. 
Baker,"  we  have  evidence  in  a  letter  of  Warburton's : 
{Correspond,  tcith  Dr.  Birch  in  Brit.  Museum.) 

**  Good  old  Mr.  Uaker  of  St.  John's  has  indeed  been  very  oblig- 
ing. The  people  of  St  John's  almost  adore  the  man;  for  as  there 
is  much  in  him  to  esteem,  much  to  pity,  and  nothing  (but  in  vir- 
tue and  learning)  to  envy,  he  has  all  the  justice  at  present  done 
him,  that  few  people  of  merit  have  till  they  are  dea,d." 

In  lamenting  over  the  non-execution  of  Mr.  Baker's 
Athen.  Cantab.,  we  are  led  to  bestow  a  few  mure  tears  on 
the  abortive  plan  of  Dr.  DibJin*s  intended  magnificent 
History  of  the  University  of  Oxford.  But  we  cannot 
linger  more.  Let  the  reader  refer  to  Dibdin's  Reminis- 
cences, vol.  ii.  p.  849.  We  shall  defer  our  remarks  upon 
the  subject  until  we  overtake  old  Anthony  Wood,  some 
years  hence,  in  the  letter  W.  "  Some  years  hence,"  did 
we  say?  Let  us  remember,  "Vitte  summa  brevis  spem 
nos  vetat  inehoare  longam  !" 

Baker,  Thomas,  Surgeon.  Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1739. 

Baker,  Wm.,  Bp.  of  Norwich.    Sermon.  Lon.,  1709. 

Baker,  Wm,,  Bp.  of  Bangor.    Sermon,  Lnn..  1724. 

Baker,  Wm,     Sermons  pub.  171G,  '20,  '2(1,  '28. 

Baker,  Win.,  1742-17S5,  a  learned  English  printer, 
carried  on  his  business  in  CuUum  Street  and  Ingram 
Court,  London.  He  wrote  Peregrinations  of  the  Mind, 
through  the  most  general  and  interesting  Subjects  which 
are  usually  agitated  in  Life,  by  the  Rationalist,  Lon., 
1770.  Theses  GrascEe  et  Latinje  Selectie,  17S0. 
I-  '*  An  elegant  correspondence  between  him  and  Mr.  Robinson, 

i  author  of  The  Indices  Tres.  printed  at  Oxford,  1772,  and  some  let- 

ters of  inquiry  into  the  difficulties  in  the  Greek  Language,  which 
still  exist,  are  proofs  of  his  jrreat  erudition,  and  the  opinion  enter- 
tained of  him  by  some  of  the  first  scholars.  . . .  InthetJreek,  Latin, 
French,  and  Italian  Languages,  he  was  critically  skilled,  and  had 
some  knowledj^e  of  the  Hebrew.  .  .  .  Such  vras  "his  modesty,  that 
many  amoni;  bis  oldest  and  most  familiar  acquaintance  were  ig:no- 
rant  of  his  learning;,  and  when  learning  was  discussed,  his  opinion 
could  never  be  known  without  an  absolute  appeal  to  his  judg- 
ment.''— Chabners's  Biog.  Diet. 

Bakewell.  Domestic  Guide  in  Insanity,  1S05.  Moor- 
land Bard,  1807. 

Bakewell,  F.  C,  Natural  Evidence  of  a  Future 
Life,  derived  from  the  Properties  and  Actions  of  Animate 
and  Inanimate  Matter;  a  contribution  to  Natural  Theo- 
logy, designed  as  a  Sequel  to  the  ^ridgewater  Treatises, 
1S40.  This  work  has  been  highly  commended.  Mr.  B. 
is  the  author  of  the  Philosophical  Conversations. 

"3Ir.  Bakewell  establishes  by  analogical  reasoning  a  strong 
probability  for  the  immortality  of  the  soul ;  his  arguments  are  al- 
ways ingenious,  and  candidly  stated,  and  he  draws  strong  conclu- 
sions ti-om  his  premises." — London  AthntfFum. 

*'  This  may  claim  to  i-ank  as  a  tenth  Bridgewat^r  Treatise.'' 

"  We  strongly  recommend  this  volume.  Mr.  Bakewell  is  evi- 
dently a  master  of  reasoning  and  language.  The  reader  who  ac- 
companies him  through  his  arguments,  will  be  delighted  by  the 
acuteness  of  his  reasoning,  and  have  his  mind  enriched  by  much 
curious  knowledge,  both  in  physical  and  physiological  science." — 
Lonrlnii  S']wc(ator. 

Bakewell,  Robt.,  father  of  the  preceding.     Intro- 


duction to  Geology,  Lon.,  1S13,  Svo,  A  number  of  edits, 
have  been  pub.  Mineralogy  and  Crystallography,  1819,  Svo. 
Influence  of  Soil  and  Climate  upon  Wool,  1808,  Svo. 

Bakewell,  Thos.  Work  against  Antinomianism, 
Lon.,  1644.     Defence  of  Infant  Baptism,  1646. 

Bakewell,  Thos.  Letter  on  Mad-Houses.  Lon.,  1815. 

Balam,  R.     Treatise  on  Algebra,  Lon.,  1650. 

Balantyn,     See  Ballenden,  John. 

Balbernie,  A.  Obs.  for  the  benefit  of  the  Empire,  ISIO. 

Balbiruie,  John.  1.  Philosophy  of  Water  Cure, 
Lon.,  12mo.  2.  Speculum  applied  to  Diseases  of  the  Womb, 
Svo.  3.  Water  ('ure  in  Consumption  and  Scrofula.  Svo. 
4.  Words  of  a  Water-Doctor,  Svo.  5.  Hydropathic  Apho- 
risms, 1856,  12mo. 

Balcanqual,  W,     Sermons,  &c.,  Lon.,  1634. 

Balcanquhall,  Dean.  On  the  Troubles  in  Scotland. 

Balcarras,  Karl  of.  A  Brief  Account  of  the  Affairs 
of  Scotland,  relating  to  the  Revolution  in  1688,  Lon.,  1714 ; 
Ediu.,  1754.  Also  inserted  in  the  11th  volume  of  the 
Somers  Collec.  of  Tracts.     A  valuable  historical  document. 

Balch,  Wm.,  1704-1792,  born  at  Beverly,  Massachu- 
setts, pub.  Sermons,  &c.,  1740-46. 

Bald,  Robt.  Coal  Trade,  1808,  Svo.  Agriculture  of 
the  County  of  Mid-Lothian,  1812,  Svo. 

Balderston,  Geo.,  Surgeon,  Edin.  Con.  to  Med. 
Ess.,  ii.  p.  359. 

Balderston,  R.  R,  Sermons  from  Archbp.  Tillot- 
son,  Lon.,  1810. 

Baldgrave,  O.  Descrip.  ofTrees,Herbs,<fec..Lon..lC74. 

Baldock,  Baldocke,  or  Baudake,  Ralph  de, 
d.  1314,  Bishop  of  London,  and  lord  high  chancellor  of 
England,  was  educated  at  Merton  College,  Oxford.  Ho 
was  a  prebendary  of  St.  Paul's  Cathedral,  arch-deacon  of 
Middlesex,  and  succeeded  Richard  de  Gravesend  in  the 
See  of  London  in  1304.  Hia  election  being  controverted, 
the  pope's  confirmation  was  requisite.  The  necessary  de- 
lay postponed  his  consecration  until  1306,  when  he  was 
consecrated  at  Lyons  by  the  Bishop  of  Alba.  He  con- 
tributed 200  marks  towards  building  the  chapel  of  St. 
Mary  on  the  east  side  of  St.  Paul.  lie  founded  also  a 
chantry  of  two  priests  in  the  same  church,  near  the  altar 
of  St.  Erkenwald.  He  wrot«,  1.  Histuria  Anglica,  or  a 
.  history  of  the  British  affairs  down  to  bis  own  time.  Not 
I  extant:  Leland  says  he  saw  it  in  London.  2.  A  Collec- 
tion of  the  Statutes  and  Constitutions  of  the  Church  of  St., 
Paul's,  extant  in  the  library  of  the  Cathedral  in  1559. — 
Bio(j.  Brit. 

Baldwin,  Edward.     The  Pantheon,  Lon.,  1814. 

Baldwin,  Geo.  Political  Recollections  relative  to 
Egypt.  Lon.,  IStll.     Works  from  the  Italian,  ^c,  1811-18. 

Baldwin,  Henry,  1779-1844,  Judge  of  the  Supreme 
Court  U.S.  A  Cenerai  View  of  the  Origm  and  Nature 
of  the  Constitution  and  Govt,  of  the  U.  States,  Phila., 
1837. 

Baldwin,  Jas.    Serm.,  1713.     To  a  Quaker,  1757. 

BaUlwiu,  K.    Visitation  Ser.,  Phil.  i.  27.  Nurw.,  1706. 

Baldwin,  Sanil.  Survey  of  the  Brit.  Customs, 
Lon..  1770. 

Baldwin,  Thos.,  d.  1190,  the  celebrated  preacher  of 
the  third  Crusade,  was  born  at  Exeter.  In  1181  he  was 
elected  Bishop  of  Worcester,  and  in  11S4  was  translated 
to  the  Archbishopric  of  Canterbury.  He  accompanied 
Richard  I.  to  the  Holy  Land,  and  died  at  the  siege  of 
Ptolemais.     He  wrote  a  number  of  works. 

"The  treatise  De  Sacramento  Altaris,  Tanner  states,  was  pub.  at 
Cambridge  in  1521,  8vo;  and  in  1531.  4to. 

"  Bibliotheca  Patrum  Cisterciensium  .  .  .  tomus  quiatus  .  .  . 
Lahore  et  studio  F.  Certrandi  Tissier.  Bono-fonte,  Anno  Domini, 
1602.  fol.  pp.  1-159.  Baldwin!,  ex  abbate  Fordensi  ordiuis  Cisterc. 
Cantuariensis  Archiepiscopi,  opera.  The  sixteen  tracts,  and  the 
treatises,  De  Oommendatione  Fidei  and  De  Sacramento  Altaris. 

*'  The  old  bibliop;raphers  ascribe  to  him,  in  addition  to  the  works 
already  mentioned,  commentaries  on  the  books  of  Kings;  ou  the 
sacnmients  of  the  Church;  a  collection  of  thirty-three  sernicns; 
a  collection  of  epistles ;  and  other  books,  with  the  titles.  De  Ortho- 
doxiefideidofimatibus;  Desectish;preticorum;  Deunitatecharita- 
tjs;  De  s.acerdotio  Joannis  Hyrcani ;  Super  eruditione  Oiraldi;  De 
amore;  Contra  Henricum  Wintoniensem;  Commendatiovirffinita- 
tis;  Carmen  devotioais;  Decruce;  Deangeli nuncio;  Mythologia; 
De  ntilitate  et  virtute  sermonis  dei  viri.  Several  of  his  tracts  and 
sermons  are  preserved  in  a  MS.  at  Lambeth.  Some  of  the  books 
mentioned  in  the  above  list  are  of  very  doubtful  authority." — ■ 
Wi-iriht's  Biog.  Brit.  Lit. 

Baldwin,  Thos.  Aeropaidia;  Hints  on  Balloons,  1786. 

Baldwin,  Thos.,  1753-1825,  a  Baptist  minister,  set- 
tled at  Boston.  Mass.,  was  born  at  Norwich,  Connecticut. 
He  pub.  sermons  and  theological  treatises,  1789-1806. 

Baldwin,  Thomas,  for  many  years  a  teacher  in  Phi- 
ladelphia. Pronouncing  Gazetteer,  12mo,  new  ed.,  Phil., 
1855.     In  conjunction  with,  J.  Thomas,  M.D.,  a  new  and 


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complete  Gazetteer  of  the  United  States,  larj^e  Svo,  10th 
thousand,  Phil.,  1855.  Pronouncing  Gazetteer  of  the  World, 
lar<ce  Svo.  Phil.,  1S55.     See  Thomas,  J.,  M.D. 

Baldwin,  Sir  Timothy,  of  Burwarton,  in  Shropshire, 
bei-ame  a  Commoner  of  jialiul  College,  Oxford,  in  1034, 
and  Follow  of  All  Souls' in  1640.  In  1654  Baldwin  wrote 
The  Privileges  of  an  Ambassador,  elicited  by  the  case  of 
Don  Pantaleon  Sa,  brother  to  the  Portuguese  ambassador, 
■who  had  killed  an  Englishman.  In  1656  he  pub.  a  treatise 
left  by  Lord  llerbert,  Expeditio  Buckingami  Ducis  in  Ream 
'Insnlam;  and  in  1663,  a  treatise  of  Dr.  Richard  Zuuch, 
The  Jurisdiction  of  the  Admiralty  of  England  asserted 
against  Sir  Edward  Coke's  Articuli  Admiralitatis  in  22d 
chap,  of  his  Jurisdiction  of  Courts. — Jiosc's  liiufj.  Diet. 

Baldwin, Walter.  Impris.forDebt,1813;  LetterJSlO. 

Baldwin,  Wm.     Sermon,  Eccles.  iii.  12,  Lon.,  1701. 

Baldwin,  orBaldwyu,  William,  born  in  the  west 
of  England,  spent  several  years  at  Oxfurd  in  the  study  of 
logic  and  philosophy,  lie  was  subsequently  a  schoolmaster 
and  divine.  He  is  said  to  have  beeu  one  of  those  scholars 
who  followed  printing  in  order  to  promote  the  Reformation. 
In  this  last  capacity  he  was  employed  by  Edward  Whit- 
church. Bale  and  Pits  ascribe  some  comedies  to  him  ;  and 
it  is  known  that  he  was  *'  engaged  in  the  reigns  of  Edward 
VI.,  and  Philip  and  Mary,  if  not  earlier,  in  preparing  thea- 
trical entertainments  for  the  court."  Ue  compiled  A 
Treatise  of  Moral  Philosophy,  printed  by  Whitchurch, 
1547-1549,  and  sine  unnn,  (Bib.  Anglo-Poet.  £U)  lOv. ;) 
afterwards  enlarged  by  Palfryman,  and  several  more  edi- 
tions pub.  The  Canticles  or  Balades  of  Salomon,  phrase- 
lyke  declared  in  English  meters,  1549:  printed  by  himself. 
Fuueralles  of  King  Edward  the  Sixth,  1560.  This  little 
tract  of  24  pp.  was  sold  at  the  Roxburghe  sale  for  £19  19*. 
A  copy  in  the  Bib.  Anglo-Poet,  is  priced  £25.  It  is  the 
rarest  of  his  works  :  see  British  Bibliographer,  vol.  ii.  p.  97. 

'■  A  i^ruat  error  concludes  the  desuriptioo,  viz. :  The  subject  of 
this  article  escaped  the  researches  of  Kitson.  A  reference  to  Kit- 
son's  Biblio;^rapbica  Poetica,  p.  122,  will  shew  that  he  has  f^iven 
the  accurate  title,  date,  and  printer's  name." — Bib.  Anglo-Fihi. 

Another  edition,  Lon.,  1817.  Presented  to  the  members 
of  the  Roxburghe  Club  by  the  Rev.  J.  W.  Dodd.  Another 
reprint  appeared  in  4to,  10*.  6(/. 

Wood  ascribes  to  Baldwin,  The  Use  of  Adagies,  Similies, 
and  Proverbs,  and  some  Comedies.  "When  printed,  or 
where,  I  cannot  find."  That  intelligent  antirpiary,  Mr.  J. 
Payne  Collier,  considers  Baldwin  to  have  been  the  author  of 
a  tract  of  great  rarity.  Beware  the  Cat,  1561-84.  (See  Hist. 
of  Eng.  Dram.  Poetry.)  In  this  tract  are  some  notices  of 
matters  connected  with  the  reputed  author's  history.  But 
may  Baldwin's  name  ever  be  honoured  as  one  of  the  au- 
thors and  editors  of  the  noble  Mirrour  for  Magistrates  ! 
Of  this  grand  work,  which  "  illuminates  with  no  common 
lustre  that  interval  of  darkness  which  occupies  the  annals 
of  English  poetry  from  Surrey  to  Spenser,"  we  had  in- 
tended to  give  an  account,  but  to  do  justice  to  the  subject 
requires  far  more  space  than  we  can  afford.  It  will  be  re- 
ferred to  again  under  the  name  "Sackville."  Let  the 
reader  refer  to  Warton's  History  of  English  Poetry, Brydges' 
Censura  Literaria,  and  Haslewood's  edition  of  the  work, 
(Introduction,)  1815.  The  Induction  by  Sackville,  Earl 
of  Dorset,  has  been  lauded  as  containing 

'-  i^ome  of  the  finest  strains  of  Enfrlish  poetry,  and  some  of  the 
most  ma.:^uificent  personifications  of  abstract  ideas  iu  our  l.Tni;ua;ie; 
exceeding  Spenser  in  dif^'uity,  and  not  short  of  him  in  brilliance." 

That  man  or  woman  who  possesses  A  Myrrovre  for 
Magistrates,  Whefeln  may  he  seen  by  example  of  others, 
with  hoiD  'frenotts  playea  vices  are  jiuniahed,  and  hoio/rai/l 
and  vnsiahle  wor/dtj/  jyrosperitie  is  founde,  eiten  of  those 
whom  ForU^nc  secmcth  mont  hitjhfi/  to  favour  ; — we  say,  that 
man  or  woman  who  possesses  this  vast  treasury  of  poetry, 
philosophy,  morality,  and  divinity,  can  afford  to  dispense 
with  three-fourths  of  the  modern  productions  of  the  Muse. 
We  contemplate  our  beautiful  copy  with  complacency  as 
we  pay  this  deserved  tribute. 

Baldwyn,  Rev.  Edward,  author  of  a  number  of 
miscell.  and  educational  works,  Lon.,  1787-1812. 

Bale,  Johu,  1495-1564?  Bishop  of  Ossory,  in  Ire- 
land, was  one  of  the  early  English  dramatists,  and  by  his 
literary  and  other  labours,  a  zealous  promoter  of  the  Re- 
formation. He  was  educated  at  the  monastery  of  the 
Carmelites  in  Norwich,  and  from  thence  was  sent  to  Jesus 
College,  Cambridge.  The  date  of  his  renunciation  of  the 
Roman  Catholic  Church  cannot  be  certainly  ascertained, 
but  he  attributes  to  "the  illustrious  the  Lord  Wentworth, 
that  he  was  stirred  up  to  discover  the  glory  of  the  Son  of 
God  and  his  own  depravity."  This  nobleman  and  Lord 
Cromwtdl  were  his  patrons;  and  on  the  execution  of  the 
latter  he  withdrew  into  Flanders,  where  he  remained  for 
106 


eight  years.  In  1552  he  was  nominated  by  King  Edward 
VI.  to  the  see  of  Ossory.  He  incurred  the  dislike  of  the 
Roman  Catholics  by  two  plays,  intended  to  promote  the 
Protestant  faith, — John  the  Baptist,  and  God's  Promises, 
— which  were  publicly  acted  on  a  Sunday  in  Kilkenny.  On 
the  death  of  Edward  VI.  he  was  obliged  to  fly  for  refuge 
to  Hullaud,  and  from  thence  to  Basle  in  Switzerland. 
After  the  death  of  Queen  Mary  he  returned  to  England, 
but  preferred  a  prebend  in  the  Cathedral  church  of  Can- 
terbury, which  ho  retained  until  his  death,  to  the  resump- 
tion of  his  former  Bishopric.  Bale  was  a  voluminous  au- 
thor. His  dramatic  pieces  were  intended  and  calculated 
to  promote  the  cause  of  the  Reformation.  Ho  tells  us 
(Scriptor  lUustr.  M.  Brit.  Summ.)  that  ho  was  the  author 
of  nineteen  Miracle  Plays,  eleven  of  which  represent 
events  in  the  life  of  our  Saviour,  and  eight  are  miscella- 
neous. The  titles  of  these  plays  will  give  some  idea  of 
their  character : 

Scries  of  the  Life  of  Christ. 
1.  Of  Christ,  when  he  was  12  Years  old,  one  comedy. 
2-3.  Of  ms  BAPTissr  and  Temptation,  two  comedies. 

4.  Of  Lazarus  Raised  from  the  Dead,  one  comedy. 

5.  Of  the  Councills  of  the  Bishops,  one  comedy. 

6.  Of  Simon  the  Leper,  one  comedy. 

7.  Of  the  Lord's  Supper,  and  Washing  the  Feet,  one 

comedy. 
S-9.  Of  the  Passion  of  Christ,  two  comedies. 
10-11.  Of  the  Sepulture  and  Resurrection,  two  corns. 
Mincellancous  Dramas, 

12.  Upon  both  Marriages  of  the  King.    (Henry  VIII.) 

13.  Against  Momus  and  Zoilus. 

14.  The  Treacheries  of  the  Papists. 

15.  Against  the  Adulterators  of  God's  Word. 

16.  Of  King  John  of  England. 

17.  Of  the  Impostures  of  Thomas  a  Beckett. 

18.  Of  the  Corruption's  op  the  Divine  Laws. 

19.  The  Image  of  Love. 

"  Each  of  these  be  states  that  he  '  compiled,'  not  merely  because 
he  borrowed  his  materials  from  the  Old  and  New  Testaments,  but, 
perhaps,  because  he  adopted  portions  of  pieces  of  the  same  de- 
scription already  existing.  The  subjects  are  treated  as  in  the 
older  specimens,  and  even  in  point  of  language  and  versification 
Bale  has  not  much  the  advantage  of  his  predecessors." — CoUitr's 
Hislori/  nf  Enrj.  Dram.  Poetry. 

In  153S  these  plays  were  printed  abroad  in  4to.  They 
contain  the  first  attempts  to  instruct  the  public  mind 
in  the  doctrines  of  the  Reformation,  by  the  instrumen- 
tality of  the  stage.  Bale  says  that  the  representation 
of  his  plays,  referred  to  before,  at  the  Market  Cross  of 
Kilkenny,  in  August,  1553,  "was  to  the  small  conten- 
tation  of  the  prestes  and  other  papistes  there." — The  Vb- 
cayoi)  of  J  oho  n  Bale.  Dramatic  entertainments,  represent- 
ing the  lives  of  saints,  and  scriptural  stories,  had  long  be- 
fore this  time  been  a  favourite  entertainment  with  the 
populace.  The  play  of  Saint  Catherine  was  acted  at  Dun- 
stable about  the  year  1100. 

"London,  for  its  theatrical  exhibitions,  had  holy  plays,  or  the 
representation  of  miracles  wrought  by  confessors,  and  of  the  suf- 
ferings of  martyrs." — Description  of  London,  by  WilHani  Fitz-Ste- 
phen.  of  the  12th  century. 

Matthew  Paris,  about  the  year  1240,  says  that  they 
were  such  as  "  Miracula  Vulgariter  Appellamus,"  proving 
their  publicity.  See  Warton's  History  of  English  Poe- 
try. This  learned  writer,  speaking  of  Bale's  plays,  re- 
marks : 

"  What  shall  we  think  of  the  state.  I  will  not  say  of  the  stage, 
but  of  common  sense,  when  these  deplorable  dramas  could  be  en- 
dured ?  Of  an  age  when  the  Bible  was  profaned  and  ridiculed 
from  a  principle  of  piety  ?  But  the  fashion  of  acting  mysteries 
appears  to  have  expired  with  this  writer." 

A  dramatic  piece  of  Bale's,  thought  to  be  the  most  re- 
markable of  his  productions,  entitled  De  Joanne  Anglo- 
rum  Rege,  and  Kynge  Johan,  was  printed  in  1S3S  by  the 
Camden  Society  from  the  author's  MS.,  preserved  in  the 
library  of  the  Duke  of  Devonshire. 

"It  is  a  most  singular  mixture  of  history  and  allegory;  the 
events  of  the  reign  of  John  being  applied  to  the  times  of  Henry 
Vni.,  and  to  the  struggles  between  Protestantism  and  Popery." 

In  the  introduction  to  this  impression,  it  is  remarked 
of  Bale : 

'■  lie  possesses  no  peculiar  claimsas  a  poet ;  and  though  be  could 
be  severe  as  a  moral  censor,  and  violent  as  a  polemic,  he  had  little 
elevation  and  a  limited  fancy;  his  versification  is  also  scarcely  as 
good  as  that  of  some  of  his  contemporaries." 

Bale's  most  celebrated  work  in  his  collection  of  British 
Biography,  first  published  under  the  title  of  lUustrum 
Majoris  Britannica?  Scriptorum,  hoc  est,  Anglia?.  Cambripe, 
et  Scotia?,  Summarium,  Ipswich,  1549:  this  editirin  con- 
tained only  five  centuries  of  writers.  To  these  he  added 
four  more  centuries,  and  made  corrections  and  adtlitions. 
The  book  thus  enlarged  was  entitled  Scriptorum  Illustrium 


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Majoris  Britannia?,  qimm  nunc  Angliam  et  Scotiam  vocant,  | 
Catalttgiis;  a  Japheto  per   :i(518  annos.   usque  ad  annum  i 
huiic   Domini,   &c.,  Basil,   1557-59.     Of   this   work   very 
different  opinions  have  been  given.     Wartun  censures  it  j 
strongly :  I 

"  This  work,  perhaRS  ori-rinally  undertaken  by  Bale  as  a  vehicle  i 
of  his  sentim.'nis  in  tvliL'ion.  isin't  niilv  full  of  misrepresentation 
andpartialiii^-^.  .h  i-in.j  tr..ni  lii~  r.li:i"n-  pniu.lifes.  but  of  general  , 

inaccuracies.  I ■■■.-Im^  j  Inin  in  ■  ;i..  u.  ■■  m  mivinforniation.     Even 

those  more  aii-imi  Li\rs  \\tii<  )i  ljr  ti  :lii-.  i  I'irs  from  Leland's  com-  ; 
mentary  on  th*^'  same  subject,  ;iie  ufleu  iiiterpnlated  with  false 
filets,  and  impertinently  marked  with  a  misiippHfd  zeal  for  refor-  i 
mation.     He  is  an;j;ry  with  many  authors  who  flourished  before 
the  13th  century  for  being  Catholics."— //)"s/.  nf  Eug.  Bidry. 

But  Gesner,  Bishop  Godwin,  Laurence  Humphrey, 
Vogler,  Bishop  Montagu,  and  others,  appear  on  our  au- 
thor's side.  But,  on  the  other  hand,  again  we  have  Vos- 
sius,  John  Pits,  (Uic  Lelaudi  Catalogum  non  tam  prolixe 
auxit,  quam  prodigrose  depravavit.)  Wharton,  Nicolson, 
Harrington,  and  Leland,  who  array  themselves  against 
the  venerable  bishop. 

Uales,  Peter,  1547-1610?  the  most  skilful  English 
penman  of  his  own,  or  probably  of  any,  period,  is  sup- 
posed by  Wood  to  have  been  a  member  of  Oxford  Univ. 

"  He  spent  many  years  in  sciences  among  the  Oxonians,  particu- 
larly at  Gloucester  Hall." 

He  is  the  author  of  Brachygraphy,  or  tbe  Writing 
Schoolmaster,  in  Three  Books,  teaching  Swift  Writing, 
True  Writing,  and  Fair  Writing,  1590-'J7,  167:^.  We  are 
told  of  a  Bible,  written  by  him  in  short-hand,  so  small 
that  it  would  lie  in  an  English-walnut-shell ! 

Bales,  Peter,  The  Lord's  Prayer  pleading  for  better 
entertainment:  on  Luke  xi.  2.  Lon.,  1643.  Infirmities  in- 
ducing to  Conformity:  on  James  iii.  2,  1650,  etc. 

Baley,  or  Bailey,  Walter,  M.D.,  1529-1592,  was 
admitted  perpetual  Fellow  of  New  College,  Oxf.,  in  1550. 
In  1561  he  was  appointed  the  Queen's  Professor  of  Physic 
in  the  University  of  Oxford.  He  wrote  a  number  of  profes- 
sional works,  which  were  pub.  15S7-1602.  Directions  for 
Health,  posthunnms,  1626.       See  Wood's  Athen.  Oxon. 

Balfour,  Surgeon.  Con.  to  Med.  Obs.  A  Inq.  1670. 

Balfour,  Alexander,  1767-1S29,  a  tradesman,  and 
subsequently  a  clerk  iu  tbe  publishing  house  of  Mr.  Black- 
wood at  Edinburgh,  wrote  Campbell,  or  the  Scottish  Pro- 
bationer, 1S19.  Contemplation,  and  other  poems,  1820. 
The  Foundling  of  Gleuthorn,  or  the  Smuggler's  Cave,  1823. 
Highland  Mary.  He  edited  the  poetical  works  of  Richard 
Gall,  and  contributed  to  the  Edinburgh  Magazine  until 
its  expiration  in  1826.  Prof.  Muir  pub.  a  selection  from 
his  writings  under  the  title  of  Weeds  and  Wild  Flowers. 
A  notice  of  the  author's  life  is  prefixed  to  this  volume. — 
Chamhirrs's  Eminent  Scot. •mi en. 

Balfour,  Sir  Andrew,  1630-1694,  a  Scottish  bota- 
nist and  physician.  Letters  relative  to  France  and  Italy, 
Edin..  1700. 

Balfour,  Francis,  a  Scottish  physician  of  note,  a 
native  of  Edinburgh,  and  surgeon  of  the  Hon.  East  India 
Company,  resided  chiefly  at  Calcutta.  He  pub.  a  number 
of  prof,  works,  Edin.,  Calcut.,  and  Lon.,  1767-95.  A  col- 
lection of  Treatises  on  the  Effect  of  Sol-Lunar  Influence 
in  Fevers,  Lon.,  1812:  this  is  a  2d  edition  of  a  Treatise 
on  the  lufluenco  of  the  Moon  in  Fevers,  Calcut.,  1784. 
His  theory  is  that  all  fevers  are  affected  by  the  influence 
of  the  moon.  He  found  that  the  *'  accession  of  fever  takes 
place  during  the  three  days  which  either  precede  or  follow 
the  full  moon."  These  opinions  it  is  said  have  met  with 
"support  and  confirmation  from  the  observations  of  Lind 
in  Bengal,  of  Cleghorn  in  Minorca,  of  Fontana  in  Italy, 
of  Jackson  in  Jamaica,  of  Gillespie  at  St.  Lucia,  of  An- 
nesley  in  Madras." 

Balfour,  Sir  James,  d.  1057,  a  Scottish  antiquary 
and  poet,  was  a  friend  of  Sir  Roliert  Aytoun,  Drummond 
of  Hawthornden,  Segar,  Dodsworth,  and  Dugdale.  To 
the  last-named  he  communicated  the  facts  which  we 
find  in  the  Monasticon  Anglicanum,  in  the  department 
Coenobia  Scotia.  Balfour  subsequently  luib.  these  papers 
with  some  other  matter,  under  the  title  of  Monasticon  Sco- 
ticum.  He  received  a  diploma  in  1628  from  the  London 
College  of  Arras,  which  proves  the  zeal  and  knowledge 
which  marked  his  antiquarian  researches.  He  was  a  strong 
opponent  to  the  attempt  to  force  the  liturgy  of  tbe  Church  of 
England  upon  the  people  of  Scotland.  A  number  of  his  MSS. 
are  preserved  in  the  Advocates'  Lib.  at  Edinburgh.  There 
was  pub.  in  Edin.,  1824,  Lon.,  1825,  his  Annales  of  Scotland 
from  MLVII.-MDCXL. ;  and  Memorials  and  Passages  of 
Church  and  State  from  MDCXLI.-MDCLII..  &c.  Pub. 
from  the  original  MSS.  preserved  in  the  Lib.  of  Faculty  of 
Advocates,  (by  James  Haig,)  4  vols.,  with  portrait  by 
Lizars. 


Balfour,  James,  1703-1795,  of  Pilrig,  Scotland.  1. 
Delineation  of  Morality.  2.  Philosophical  Dissertations, 
Edin.,  1782.  These  two  treatises  were  an  attack  on  the 
speculatious  of  David  Hume ;  but  they  were  written  with 
so  much  candour  and  good  feeling  that  Hume  wrote  to  him 
to  express  his  feelings  of  esteem  and  request  his  friend- 
ship.    3.  Philosophical  Essay's,  Svo. 

Balfour,  John  Ilutton,  M.D.,  F.R.S.E.,  b.  in  Edin- 
burgh, where  be  commenced  the  practice  of  his  profession; 
Prof,  of  Botany  in  the  Univ.  of  Glasgow,  in  which  he  suc- 
ceeded .Sir  Wm.  Jackson  Hooker;  Regius  Keeper  of  the 
Royal  Botanic  Garden,  and  Prof,  of  Med.  and  But.  in  the 
Univ.  of  Edinburgh.  1.  Manual  of  Botany,  Edin.,  1849, 
cr.  8vo  ;  3d  ed.,  revised  and  enlarged,  1857.  2.  Class-Book 
of  Botany,  Svo,  1800  Illustrations.  The  same  work  is  also 
pub.  in  two  Parts:  Part  1,  Structural  and  Morphological 
Botany;  Part  2,  Elements  of  Vegetable  Physiology, 
Classification,  Botanical  Geography,  and  Fossil  Botany, 
with  a  Glossary  of  Terms. 

"  In  Dr.  Balfour's  Class-Book  of  Botany  the  author  seems  to  have 
exhausted  every  attainable  source  of  inforniation.  Few,  if  any, 
works  on  the  subject  contain  such  a  mass  of  carefully-collected  and 
condensed  matter;  and  certainly  none  are  more  copiously  or  better 
illustrated.'' — Hooker's  Journal  of  Botany. 

3.  Outlines  of  Botany:  being  an  Introduction  to  the 
Study  of  the  Structure,  Functions,  Classification,  and  Dis- 
tribution of  Plants,  1854,  12mo.  4.  Biographical  Sketches 
of  the  late  Dr.  Golding  Bird,  1855, 12mo.  He  contrib.  the 
articles  on  Botany  to  the  last  ed.  of  the  Encyc.  Brit,,  and 
has  pub.  many  pai>ers  in  connexion  with  the  Bot.  Soc.  of 
Edin.  and  the  Brit.  Ass.  tor  tbe  Advancement  of  Science. 

Balfour,  or  Balforcus,  Robert,  a  Scottish  philo- 
sopher of  the  seventeenth  century.  President  of  Guyenno 
College  at  Bordeaux.  Barthius  praises  in  high  terms  an 
edition  of  Cleomedes  pub.  (Burd.,  1005)  by  Balfour. 

"  His  writings  display  an  extent  oferudition  which  reflects  honour 
on  the  literary  character  of  his  country." — Irving'' s  Lives  of  Scottish 
Podx,  q.  V. 

Vcrsio  et  Notai  ad  Gelazium.  Ac,  Par.,  1599.  Versio  et 
Comm.  ad  Cleomedis  Meteora,  Burd.,  1()05.  Commeutarii, 
kc.  Aristoteiis.  Burd..  ICtlfi.  Comm.  in  Organnm  Aristo- 
telis.  Burd..  10]«.     Do.  in  Ethiea,  Ac,  Par.,  Ifi20. 

Balfour,  Robert,  D.D.,  late  minister  of  the  Outer 
High  Church,  Glasgow.     Serms..  Glasg..  1S19. 

Balfour,  Walter,  177G-1S52,  a  native  of  Scotland,  d. 
in  i\Iassaehusetts.  He  was  educated  for  the  Church  of  Scot- 
land by  Robert  Haldane,  but  became  a  Baptist  at  30  years 
of  age,  and  afterwards  a  Univcrsalist.  Three  Essays  on  the 
Intermediate  State  of  the  Dead,  12mo,  Charlestown,  1S2S. 
Other  works. 

Balfour,  Wm.    Medical  Works.  Edin.,  1814-18. 

Balf^rave,  J.     Sup.   to  Culpepper's  E.  Physic,  Lon., 

Bals;uv,Chas,,  M.D.  Epistolo  de  Morbo  Miliari,Lon., 
175.^.     Con.  to  .AIc.l.  Ess..  1736;  Phil.  Trans.,  1734. 

Balguy,  John,  168(5-1748,  was  entered  of  St.  John's 
College.  Cambridge,  in  1702,  where  he  took  the  degree  of 
M.A.in  1726.  He  took  part  in  the  Bangorean  controversy, 
and  pub.  three  pamphlets  in  defence  of  Dr.  Hoadly,  under 
the  name  of  Silvius.  His  treatises  were  levelled  against 
Drs.  Stcbbiug  and  Sherlock.  In  1726,  he  attacked  the 
opinions  of  Lord  Shaftesbury,  in  A  Letter  to  a  Deist.  In 
1728,  he  pub.  The  Foundation  of  Moral  Goodness:  or,  A 
Further  Inquiry  into  the  Oriijinal  of  our  Itlea  of  Virtue. 
This  was  in  answer  to  Mr.  Hutcbeson's  Intjuiry  into  the 
Original  of  our  Ideas  of  Beauty  and  Virtue.  His  Essay  on 
Redemption,  pub.  1741.  was  one  of  his  most  popular  works. 
Ho  burned  many  of  his  sermons,  that  his  son  (see  next 
artii'b)  iiiii^bt  br-  thrown  entirely  on  his  own  resources. 

Bal^uy,  Thomas,  D.D..  171fi-1795.  son  of  the  above, 
was  admitted  of  St.  John's  College,  Cambridge,  in  1732,  and 
took  the  degree  of  D.D.  in  1758.  In  the  same  year  Bishop 
Hoadly  appointed  him  Archdeacon  of  Winchester.  Ho 
preached  at  the  consecration  of  Bishops  Shipley,  Shute, 
Barrington,  North,  Hurd,  and  Moore.  These  Sermons  were 
all  pub.  separately,  1769-75.  Divine  Benevolence  As- 
serted and  Vindicated  from  the  Reflections  of  Ancient  and 
Modern  Skeptics,  1782.  He  edited  the  Serms.  of  Dr.  Powell, 
to  which  he  prefixed  his  Life,  and  in  1785  edited  a  new 
edition  of  bis  father's  Essay  on  Redemption.  Two  years 
later  he  pub.  Discourses  on  Various  Subjects. 

"  Hiy  work  on  Divine  Benevolence  is  a  most  able  answer  to  An- 
cient and  Modern  Skeptics." — liOWSDES. 

Ball.  Essay  on  Agriculture.  8vo.  The  Farmer's  Guide, 
Svo.   See  Dimaldson's  AgricuU.  Biog..  and  Weston's  Tracts. 

Ball,  Edward.  The  Idiot  Boy,  Jkc,  Poems.  Norw., 
1814.  Author  of  over  100  dramatic  pieces,  under  the  nom 
de  rtlume  of  Edward  Fitzball. 

107 


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BAL 


Ball,  J.     On  an  Epistle  to  Rev.  R.  Hill,  ISOr. 

Ball,  J.  The  Importance  of  Right  Apprehensions  of 
God,  &o.     In  a  Letter  to  a  Friend^  Lon.,  1736. 

Ball,  John,  a  preacher  who  participated  in  the  Kent 
insurrection  in  1381,  of  which  Wat  Tyler  was  the  hero,  is 
famous  for  having  preached  a  sermon  to  a  congregation  of 
one  hundred  thousand  insurgents  on  Blackheath,  from  the 
text 

"When  Adam  delved,  and  Eve  span. 
Who  was  then  the  gentlemau?" 

The  preacher,  in  company  with  Jack  Straw,  and  about 
15U0  others,  was  hanged  July  2,  13S1.  Some  of  his  letters 
are  preserved  in  the  chronicles  of  the  times.  He  used  his 
pen  as  well  as  his  voice  to  propagate  sedition. 

Ball,  or  Balle,  John,  16S5-1640,  a  Puritan  divine 
of  considerable  note,  entered  Brasenose  College,  Oxford, 
1602  ;  B.  A.  at  St.  Mary's  Hall,  1608.  He  wrote  a  number 
of  theological  and  ecclesiastical  works.  A  Short  Treatise 
concerning  all  the  principal  grounds  of  the  Christian  Reli- 
gion. A  very  popular  work,  which  Wood  tells  us  was  pub.  14 
times  ante  1632.  It  was  extensively  used  in  the  instruc- 
tion of  children.  In  1666  it  was  translated  into  Turkish 
by  William  Seamen,  an  English  traveller,  under  the  title 
of  Catechism,  or  Principal  Grounds  of  the  Christian  Reli- 
gion, Oxf.  A  Treatise  of  Faith,  Lou.,  1632.  Several  of 
Eis  works  were  in  opposition  to  publications  in  favour  of 
Becession  from  the  Church  of  England. 

"  Though  somewhat  disaffected  to  ceremonies  and  Church  disci- 
pline, yet  he  confuted  such  as  conceived  the  corruption  therein 
ground  enough  for  a  separation." — Athen.  Oxon. ;  Fidier''s  WorthUs. 

Baxter  speaks  of  him  in  high  terms  : 

"  He  deserved  au  high  esteem  and  honour  as  the  best  bishop  in 
England  ;  yet  looking  after  no  higher  things  than  these:" 
i.  €.  the  small  profits  of  the  little  school,  and  his  £20  yearly 
salary. 

"  He  was  an  excellent  schoolman  and  schoolmaster,  (qualities 
seldom  meeting  in  the  same  niau,)  a  painful  preacher,  and  a  pro- 
fitable writer;  and  his  Treatise  of  Faith  canuot  be  sutSciently 
commended.  Indeed  lie  lived  by  faith,  having  but  small  means 
to  maintain  him.  .  .  .  aud  yet  was  wont  to  say  be  had  enough, 
enough,  enough :  thus  contentment  consisted  not  in  heaping  on 
more  fuel,  but  in  taking  away  some  fire.  He  had  a  holy  facetious- 
ness  in  his  discnurse.  When  his  friend,  having  had  a  fall  from 
his  horse,  and  said  that  he  never  had  the  like  deliverance,  '  Yea,' 
said  Mr.  Balle,  'and  an  hundred  times  when  you  never  fell;'  ac- 
counting God's  preserving  us  from,  equal  to  his  rescuing  us  out  of 
dangers.  ...  He  hated  all  new  lights  and  pretended  inspirations 
besides  Scripture:  and  when  one  asked  him,  •  whether  he  at  any 
time  had  experience  thereof  in  his  own  heart,'  'No,'  said  he,  'I 
bless  God;  and  if  I  should  ever  have  such  phantasies,  I  hope  God 
■would  give  me  grace  to  resist  them.'  Notwithstanding  his  small 
means,  he  lived  himself  comfortably,  relieved  others  charitably, 
left  his  children  competently,  and  died  piously." — WorVnes. 

BalU  John.  Antiquities  of  Constantinople,  in  4  books, 
trans,  from  the  Latin  of  Gyllius,  <fec.,  Lon..  1729. 

Ball,  John.     Medical  works,  Lon.,  175S-71. 

Ball,  Nathaniel.     Sermons,  1683-92. 

Ball,  Nathaniel,  Rector  of  Wisley,  Ac.  Recte  Vi- 
vendi Ratio,  &c.,  1754.  He  pub.  a  number  of  sermons  at 
difterent  times,  1745-63. 

Ball,  Richard.  An  Astrolophysical  Compendium,  or 
a  Brief  Introduction  to  Astrology,  Lon.,  1697.  Astrology 
Improved,  Lon.,  1723. 

Ball,  Richard.     Sermon.  Matt.  xxii.  21,  1682, 

Ball,  Thomas,  1590-1659,  a  Puritan  divine,  was  a 
native  of  Shropshire,  and  educated  in  King's  College, 
Cambridge.  He  pub.  a  life  of  his  tutor.  Dr.  John  Preston, 
and  Pastorum  Propugnaculum.  Lon..  1656, 

Ball,  Thomas,  and  Beatty,  F.  Reports  of  Cases 
in  the  High  Court  of  Chancerv*  Ireland,  1807-11,  Dub., 
1821-23,  2  vols. ;  2d  ed.,  183.3-34;  Philadelphia,  1839. 

Ball,  Wm.     Political  works,  Lon..  1041-55. 

Ball,  Wm.    Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1666. 

Ballantine,  Wm.  Treatise  on  the  Statute  of  Limi- 
tations, (21  Jac.  I.e.  16,)  Lon.,  1810;  New  York,  1812; 
Albany,  1829;  edited  by  J.  L.  Tillinghast. 

"This  small  work  is  compiled  by  stringing  together  a  number 
of  cases  without  the  least  possil>le  labour  of  thought  on  the  part 
of  the  author.  The  American  edition  of  1812,  purporting  to  con- 
tain the  American  law  of  Limitations,  has  reference  to  seventy-one 
decisions.'' — Mirvin's  Legal  Bibl. 

Ballantine,  Wm.    Introduc.  to  Latin  Reading,  1815. 

Ballantyue,  James,  d.  1833,  the  friend  and  co-part- 
ner of  vSir  Walter  Scott,  contributed  many  articles  to  the 
Edinburgh  Evening  Courant  ante  1817;  after  which  period 
he  edited  the  Edinburgh  Weekly  Journal,  which  was  the 
property  of  his  firm. 

BaUantyne,John,d.  LS21,  brother  of  the  preceding, 
was  the  confidant  of,  and  manager  for,  the  Great  Unknown. 
He  was  the  author  of  The  Widow's  Lodgings,  a  novel. 

Ballard.    Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1608. 

Ballard,  Edward.     Sermons,  1734r-46. 

108 


Ballard,  Edward.  Stock-broker's  Vade  Mecum, 
Lon:,  1799. 

Ballard,  George,  d.  1755,  was  born  at  Campden,  in 
Gloucestershire.  Whilst  employed  in  the  shop  of  a  habit- 
maker,  he  devoted  his  spare  hours  to  the  study  of  the  Saxon 
language.  His  zeal  for  learning  attracted  the  notice  of  that 
excellent  Saxon  scholar,  Mrs.  Elstob.  By  the  kindneps 
of  the  first  Lord  Chedworth,  he  was  removed  to  Oxford, 
and  an  annuity  of  £60  (he  declined  to  accept  £100,  which 
was  oflered  to  him)  was  allowed  him.  He  was  appointed 
one  of  the  eight  clerks  of  Magdalene  College,  and  was 
subsequently  chosen  one  of  the  University  beadles.  He 
pursued  his  researches  with  great  zeal  in  the  Bodleian  Li- 
brary, and  left  the  results  in  the  shape  of  large  collections 
of  MSS.,  now  preserved  in  the  same  depository.  His  ac- 
count of  Campden  Church  was  read  before  the  Society  of 
Antiquaries,  Nov.  21,  1771.  His  only  printed  work  is 
Memoirs  of  Several  Ladies  of  Great  Britain,  who  have 
been  celebrated  for  their  Writings,  or  Skill  in  the  learned 
Languages,  Arts,  and  Sciences,  Oxford,  1752;  Lon.,  1775. 
Sixty-two  ladies  are  here  chronicled,  commencing  with 
Juliana  of  Norwich,  born  about  1347,  and  ending  with 
Constantia  Griersou,  who  died  in  1733. 

*'  It  is  pretty  certain  that  England  hath  produced  more  women 
famous  for  literary  accomplishments,  than  any  other  nation  in 
Europe." — Preface. 

"  We  find  that  the  lives  of  eminent  or  worthy  persons  are  gene- 
rally, and  deservedly,  well  received  by  the  public:  of  which  we 
have  here  a  new  instance,  added  to  the  mauy  of  prior  date,  that  it 
would  be  needless  to  cite,  in  Mr.  Ballard's  Memoirs;  a  work  that 
has  not  wanted  the  assistaiRc  and  encouragement  due  to  so  com- 
mendable an  undertakiiii;."^-V"'((/(/y  Review,\1hZ. 

Hearne  notices  Mr.  Ballard's  labours: 

"I  know  not  what  additions  Mr.  George  Ballard  can  make  to  Mr. 
Stowe's  life ;  this  I  know,  that  being  a  taylor  himself,  he  is  a  great 
admirer  of  that  plain,  honest  antiquary."' — LdUr  to  Baler,  1735; 
qu'.if'.d  III/  NicMoIs. 

Ballard,  Reave.     Sermons,  17-15-46. 
Ballcnden,  or  Bellendeu,  or  Balantyn,  Sir,  or 

Dr.  John,  d.  1550,  a  Scottish  poet  and  historian,  was  a 
doctor  of  the  Sorbonne  at  Paris.  By  command  of  James 
v.,  he  translated  Hector  Boethius's  History  from  the  Latin 
into  the  Scottish  tongue.  The  translation  was  made  ''with 
a  good  deal  of  freedom,  departing  often  from  his  author, 
but  generally  for  the  sake  of  truth ;  and  sometimes,  also, 
adding  circumstances  which,  perhaps,  might  not  be  known 
to  Hector  Boece.  Howt'%^er,  his  version,  as  he  called  it, 
was  very  well  received  both  in  Scotland  and  England,  and 
soon  became  the  standard  of  that  History." — Bior/.  Brit. 

He  was  archdeacon  of  Murray,  canon  of  Bosse,  and 
clerk  of  the  register.  His  traus.  of  the  first  five  books  of 
Livy  has  been  highly  commended  : 

"  Ar^  a  specimen  of  the  ancient  language  of  Scotland  and  of  the 
prose  style  of  the  purest  of  her  early  writers,  this  translatiMn  of 
Livy  is  peculiarly  valuable.  In  rendering  the  animated  descriptions 
of  Livy's  pictured  page,  the  translator  evinces  all  the  imagination 
and  vigour  of  a  writer  untrammelled  by  the  necessity  of  adopting 
the  tiii)n>i;hts  and  t^entiineiits  of  another." 

Bailer,  Bichard.     Psalms  Evangelized,  1811. 

Ballidon,  J.     See  Balidon. 

Balliu,  Miss.  The  Statue-Room:  an  Hist.  Tale,  1790. 

Ballingall,  Sir  George,  d.  1855 ;  from  1823  to  '55, 
Prof.  Military  Surgery  in  the  Univ.  of  Edinburgh.  1.  Out- 
lines of  Military  Surgery,  8vo.  2.  On  the  Site  and  Con- 
struction of  Hospitals,  4to.  3.  Observations  on  the  Dis- 
eases of  the  European  Troops  in  India. 

"This  is  a  very  interesting  volume;  Sir  George  Ballingall  is 
already  favourably  known  to  the  profession  by  former  writings, 
and  the  present  work  will  not  derogate  from  his  literary  or  hia 
professional  reputation." — Johnson's  Journal. 

"  We  aro  glad  to  see  this  admirable  work  attain  to  its  third  edi- 
tion. If  the  place  of  a  gre.at  school  of  Military  Surgery  could  be 
supplied  by  a  book,  Sir  George  Ballingall  has  gone  far  to  supply 
that  desideratum." — United  ^rvice  Magazine. 

Ballon,  Bev.Hosea,  1771-1852,  b.  Richmond, N.H., 
a  prominent  Univcrsalistminister.  1.  Notes  on  the  Parables, 
1SU4.  2.  Treatise  on  the  Atonement.  3.  Candid  Review. 
4.  Authenticity  of  the  Scriptures.  In  1819,  he  commenced 
The  UniversaUst  Mag.,  to  which  he  contrib.  many  original 
hymns.  In  connexion  with  his  great-nephew,  Rev.  Hosea 
Ballon,  2d,  he  commenced,  in  1831,  the  pub.  of  the  Uni- 
versal Expositor,  now  pub.  as  the  Universalist  Quarterly 
Review.  5.  Lecture  Serms.,  1831.  6.  An  Examination  of 
the  Doctrine  of  Future  Retribution,  1834.  Life  by  his  son, 
M.  M.  Ballon,  (7.  v.)  His  published  works  would  make 
more  than  one  hundred  12mo  vols. 

Ballon,  Hosea,  2d,  b.  1796,  Guilford,  Vt.  The  An- 
cient History  of  Universalism,  from  the  time  of  the  Apos- 
tles to  its  Condemnation  in  the  Fifth  General  Council, 
A.n.  553,  Bost.,  1829,  12mo:  Providence,  1842,  Ed.  Sis- 
mondi's  History  of  the  Crusades,  Bost,  1833,  12mo;    Ex- 


BAL 


BAM 


positor  and  Universalist  Rev..  Bost.,  1831-40  ;  Univ.  Quar. 
au'l  Genenil  Rev..  Bost.,  1854-55. 

Ballou,  Watui'in  M.,  b.  1822.  at  Boston,  Mass.  1. 
Ili^turv  of  Cuba:  or,  Notes  of  a  Traveller  in  the  Tropics. 
2.  Biography  of  Rev.  Hosea  Balluu,  (his  father.)  3.  Life- 
Storjof  Ilosea  Baltou:  a  juvenile  work.  Editor  and  pro- 
prietor of  Ballou's  Pictorial  and  the  Flaj;  of  our  Union. 

Ballon,  3Ioses,  b.  1811,  Monroe  Mass.,  nephew  of 
Rev.  Ilnsea  Ballou.  1.  Memorial  of  Sanford.  2.  The 
Divine  Character  Vindicated  :  a  Reply  to  Beechers  Con- 
flict of  Ages.  Contrib,  to  Universalist  Quarterly  since  1840. 

l?ally,  (-corge.     Four  I'oems,  pub.  1754,  '56,  '5S,  "67. 

Kalinaiii,  W.    Con.  to  Memoirs  Med.,  1799. 

Balmaiino,  Mrs.  Mary,  wife  of  the  succeeding,  b.  in 
Derbyshire,  England,  has  gained  srime  reputation  as  an 
artist,  poetess,  and  composer  of  music.  She  has  contrib. 
many  articles  to  the  English  Annuals,  and  pub.  several 
lyrics  since  her  residence  ia  America.  She  has  edited  the 
Gems  of  Moore's  Poetry,  (illustrated.)  with  prose  introduc- 
tion and  conclusions  to  each,  and  an  illustrated  edition  of 
Byron's  Works.  She  pub.,  N.Y..  1858.  8vo.  a  vol.  entitled 
Pen  and  Pencil,  illustrated  with  cuts,  a  majority  of  which 
were  drawn  on  the  block  by  her  own  hand.  The  beautiful 
drawing  of  all  the  flowers  mentioned  by  Shakspeare,  which 
excited  so  much  attention  at  the  New  York  Crystal  Palace 
in  1853-54  and  was  so  highly  lauded  in  the  English  and 
American  papers,  was  the  production  of  Mrs.  Balmanno. 
Her  force  and  depth  of  colouring  have  elicited  great  ad- 
miration. 

Balmanno,  Robert,  b.  17S0,  near  Aberdeen,  Scot- 
land, is  a  descendant  of  an  ancient  family,  of  which  there 
are  records  existing  temji.  James  VI.  of  Scotland  and  I. 
of  England.  Mr.  B.  has  contrilnited  many  articles  to  the 
London  periodicals  and  to  the  New  York  Knickerbocker, 
Evening  Post,  and  Graham's  (Phila.)  Magazine.  For  many 
years  he  has  been  a  resident  of  New  York ;  and,  although 
DOW  (1858)  at  an  advanced  stage  of  life,  he  is  still  distin- 
guished for  that  literary  enthusiasm  and  exquisite  taste  in 
letters  and  the  fine  arts  which  rendered  him  so  great  a 
favourite  with  Sir  Thomas  Lawrence,  C.  A.  Stothard.  Henry 
Fuseli,  Thomas  Moore,  Sir  Martin  A.  Shec,  Crofton  Croker, 
and  a  host  of  departed  worthies,  whose  numerous  unpub- 
lished letters  to  Mr.  B.  and  now  in  his  possession  would 
form  a  rich  entertainment  to  the  present  generation.  For 
some  notices  of  Mr.  Balmanno,  see  Mrs.  Stothard's  Life 
of  C.  A.  Stothard,  and  a  Letter  from  Sir  Walter  Scott  to 
Sir  Adam  Ferguson,  dated  August  2, 1827. 

Balmer,  Robert,  D.D..  1787-1844.  Prof,  of  Syste- 
matic Theology  to  the  United  Secession  Church.  Aca- 
demical Lectures  antl  Pulpit  Discourses,  2  vols. ,Edin., 1845. 

Balinford,  James,  the  son  of  a  carpenter,  studied 
at  Oxford,  and  entered  the  Church.  Carpenter's  Chippes, 
1607.  A  Short  and  plain  Dialogue  concerning  the  Un- 
lawfulness of  Playing  at  Cards,  or  Tables,  or  any  other 
Games  consisting  in  Chance.  Short  Catechism,  2d  ed., 
1607.    A  Modest  Reply  to  a  work  of  Gataker's,  upon  Lots. 

Balnaves,  Henry,  d.  1579,  was  a  native  of  Kirk- 
caldy, county  of  Fife,  Scotland.  He  was  a  zealous  pro- 
moter of  the  Reformation.  John  Knox  gives  him  the  cha- 
racter of  a  very  learned  and  pious  divine.  In  1563  he  was 
made  one  of  the  Lords  of  Session,  and  was  one  of  the  com- 
mittee appointed  to  revise  the  book  of  discipline.  Whilst 
imprisoned  in  the  castle  of  Rouen,  he  wrote  what  is  called 
by  Knox,  a  Comfortable  Treatise  of  Justification,  Edin., 
]550.  The  high  estimation  in  which  this  work  is  still 
held,  is  evinced  by  its  having  been  lately  republished  at  a 
cheap  rate  by  the  London  Religious  Tract  Society,  for 
wide  circulation.  Confession  of  Faith,  concerning  how 
the  troubled  Man  should  seek  refuge  in  God,  Edin.,  1584. 
This  work  has  a  prefatory  Epistle  from  John  Knox.  There 
is  a  poem  of  Balnavcs's  in  Ramsay's  Collection. 

'•  He  w:is  a  Kodly.  learu'-d,  and  loug  experimented  counsellor." — 
SiK  James  Mei-vil. 

See  Knight's  English  Cvclopedia,  Biography,  vol.  i. ; 
Rymer.  Fcedera,  xiv.  781,  783,  786,  792.  xv.  142,  144;  Sad- 
ler, State  Papers,  i.  8-3,  430;  Balf.,  Ann.,  i.  305;  Hist,  of 
King  James  VI.,  35;  Knox,  Hist.,  35,41;  Keith,  Hist., 
529;  McCrie,  Life  of  Knox,  39,  n. ;  Catalogue  of  Senators 
of  the  Coll.  of  Just..  60,  eeq. 

Baltharpe,  John.  The  Straight's  Voyage,  [contain- 
ing an  expedition  to  Algiers,]  or  St.  David's  Poem.  Sold 
at  Lloyd's  sale  for  £0  12«.  Gd. 

Baltimore,  Lord.  Answer  to  Town-tell-Truth,  Lon., 
1642.  His  Case  concerning  the  Province  of  Maryland, 
Lon.,  1653. 

Baltimore,  Fred.  Calvert,  Lord,  d.  1772.  Tour 
to  the  East,  in  the  year.-  1763  and  17tU.  with  remarks  on 
the  City  of  Constantinople  and  the  Turks.     Also  select 


Pieces  of  Oriental  Wit,  Poetry,  and  Wisdom,  Lon.,  1767; 
Dubl.,  1768. 

Gaudia  Poetica,  Latina,  Anglica,  et  Gallica  Lingua 
composita,  anno  1769.  Augustie,  1770,  4to,  with  plates. 
Privately  printed  (10  copies  only)  for  presents.  Sold  at 
Reed's  Sale  for  £6  10s ;   Bindley's,  £7  Is. 

Ccelestes  et  Inferni,  Venet.  1771. 

Balward,  John.     Sermon,  1774. 

Bamfield,  or  Bamford,  Joseph,  an  active  soldier  in 
the  civil  war  between  King  Charles  I.  and  the  Parliament, 
published  an  Apology,  an  historical  tract,  now  very  rare. 

"  A  m.in  of  wit  and  parts."— Earl  of  Clarendon. 

Bamfield,  S.  A.  New  Treatise  of  Astron.,  Oxon,  1764. 

Bamfield,  Thos.  Reply  to  Dr.  Wallas's  Report  con- 
cerning the  Christian  Sabbath,  Lon.,  1673. 

Baniford,  James.     Plague's  Infection.  Lon.,  1600. 

Bampfield,  or  Bampfylde,  Francis,  d.  16S4, 
entered  Wadham  College,  Oxford,  in  1631.  He  had  a  pre- 
bend in  the  Church  of  Exeter,  and  subsequently  was  a 
minister  at  Sherburn  in  Dorsetshire,  of  which  he  was  de- 
prived by  the  Act  of  Uniformity  of  1662.  His  indejiend- 
ence  of  character  is  amply  proved  by  the  peculiarities  of 
the  views  which  he  not  only  held,  but  zealously  promul- 
gated. His  principal  works  are  Judgment  for  Observation 
of  the  Jewish  Sabbath,  Lon.,  1672,  sent  in  a  letter  to  Mr. 
Will  Ben.     All  in  One.  Lon.,  1677. 

"The  desijrn  of  which  fiintasticaiid  unintelligible  book  is  for  the 
advancement  and  augment  of  useful  Arts,  and  of  profitable  Sci- 
ences, in  a  Scriptural  way,  and  that  all  Philosophy  be  taught  out 
of  the  Sciiptme,  and  not  from  Heathen  authors.  .  .  .  'Tis  full  of 
bomltast.  great  swelling,  and  forced  language,  and  oftentimes  un- 
intelligible."—Wood. 

The  House  of  Wisdom.  1681, 

''  In  whit-h  fantastical  book  the  author  would  have  the  Hebrew 
tongue  and  language  to  be  the  universal  chamoter  over  all  the  in- 
habited earth,  to  be  t-aught  in  all  schools,  and  children  to  be 
taught  it  as  their  mother  language.  He  proposes  a  way  for  the 
erection  of  Academies  to  have  it  taught,  and  all  Philosophy  to  pro- 
ceed from  Scripture,  to  have  all  books  translated  into  that  lan- 
guage, and  I  know  not  wh.at." — Ihid. 

Historical  Declaration  of  The  Life  of  Shim  Asher,  16S1. 
Grammatical  Opening  of  some  Hebrew  Words  and  Phrases 
in  the  beginning  of  the  Bible.  Falling  under  the  displea- 
sure of  the  government — having  refused  to  take  the  oaths, 
on  the  plea  that  *'  the  King  of  kings  forbade  him  to  take 
them" — he  was  cast  into  prison,  where  he  died  in  1684. 
Anthony  Wood  makes  him  the  subject  of  one  of  his 
strongly-drawn  portraits; 

'■  He  was  always  a  person  so  strangely  fickle  and  unsteady  in 
his  judgment,  that  he  was  first  a  Churchman,  then  a  Presby- 
terian, afterwards  an  Independent,  or,  at  least,  a  sider  with  them, 
an  Anabaptist,  and  at  length  almost  a  compleat  Jew.  and  what 
not.  He  was  also  so  enthusiastical  and  canting,  that  he  did  al- 
most craze  and  distract  many  of  his  disciples  by  his  amazing  and 
frightful  discourses." 

Bampfield,  or  Bamfylde,  John.  Sixteen  Sonnets, 
Lon.,  1770. 

"The  author  was  truly  a  man  of  genius:  he  published  his  son- 
nets at  a  very  early  age;  they  are  some  of  the  most  original  in  our 
language.  He  died  in  a  private  mad-house  after  twenty  yeiirs' 
confinement." — Southey''s  Specimens  of  the  Later  EngJink  Poets. 

These  sonnets  will  be  found  in  Park's  Collection  of 
the  Poets. 

Bampfield,  R.  W.  Con.  to  Med.  Chir.  Trans.,  1814. 
Treatise  on  Tropical  Dysentery,  Lon.,  8vo. 

On  Curvatures  and  Diseases  of  the  Spine,  including  all 
the  forms  of  Spinal  Distortion,  Lon.,  Svo.  Amer.  ed.,  by 
John  K.  Mitchell,  M.D.,  Prof.  Prac.  Med.  in  Jefferson 
Med.  Coll.,  Phila. 

"The  very  best  treatise  on  spinal  diseases  and  their  treatment 
extant." — Med.  Exanmier. 

*•  We  heartily  recommend  this  book  to  all  who  feel  an  interest 
in  the  matter,  and  especially  in  these  days  of  degenerating  spe- 
cialities."— N.  T.  Jour,  of  Mi'd. 

"  The  treatise  is  a  very  valuable  one.  and  we  cheerfully  recom- 
mend it  to  the  profession." — New  Orhans  Med.  Jour. 

Bampton,  John,  of  New  Coll.,  Oxon.     Serm.,  Ifill. 

Bampton,  Rev.  Jno.,  Canon  of  Salisb.,  1689-1751, 
educated  at  Trinity  College,  Oxford,  deserves  honourable 
mention  as  the  founder  of  the  celebrated  series  of  Lectures 
which  bear  his  name.  He  gave  his  lands  and  estates  to 
the  University  of  Oxford,  upon  trust,  for  the  endowment 
of  Eight  Divinity  Lecture-Sermons,  to  be  delivered  annu- 
ally :  the  subjects,  To  confirm  and  establish  the  Christian 
Faith,  and  to  confute  all  heretics  and  schismatics  upon  the 
divine  authority  of  the  Hfdy  Scriptures  :  The  authority 
of  the  writings  of  the  Primitive  Fathers  as  to  the  faith  and 
practice  of  the  primitive  Church  :  The  Divinity  of  our 
Lord  and  Saviour  Jesus  Christ :  The  Divinity  of  the  Holy 
Ghost:  The  articles  of  the  Christian  Faith  as  compre- 
hended in  the  Apostles'  and  Nicene  Creeds.  The  Bamp- 
ton Lectures  form  a  most  valuable  body  of  divinity:  fur 


BAN 


BAN 


1805.  E.  N'ares. 

1806.  J.  Browne. 

1807.  T.  Le  Mesurier. 

1508.  J.  Penrose. 

1509.  J.B.S.Carwithen. 

1510.  T  Falconer. 
18U.  .1.  BMlake. 

1812.  R.  Mant. 

1813.  J.  Collinson. 
1811.  W.  Van  Mildert. 
181.5.  R.  Ileber. 
ISIO.  J.  II.  Spry. 

1817.  J.  Miller. 

1818.  0.  A.  Moysev. 

1819.  H.  D.  Morgan. 

1820.  Q.  Faussett. 

1821.  J.  Jones. 

1822.  R.  Whateley. 

1823.  C.  Goddard. 

1824.  J.J.  Convbeare. 

1825.  G.  Chandler. 

1826.  W.  Taux. 

1827.  II.  H.  Milman. 

1828.  T.  Uorne. 


1829.  E.  Burton, 
1S30.  II.  iioames. 
1S.-31.  T.W.Lanra.ster. 

1832.  R.  D.  Hampden. 

1833.  F.  Nolan. 

1834.  None. 

1835.  None. 

1.536.  C.  A.  Ogilvie. 
1837.  T.  S.  L.  A-ojran. 
1.S3S.  II.  A.Woodg.ate. 

1839.  W.D.Convlieare. 

1840.  E.  Il.awkins. 

1841.  Not  prearhed. 

1842.  J.  Garliett. 

1843.  A.Grant. 

1844.  W.  J.  Jelf. 
1846.  C.  A.  Heurtley. 

1846.  A.  Short. 

1847.  W.  H.  Shirley. 

1848.  E.  G.  Marsh. 

1849.  R.  Mirhell. 

1850.  E.  M.Goulbum. 

1851.  H.  B.  -Wilson. 

1852.  J.  B.  Riddle. 


notices  of  them,  consult  the  names  of  the  Lecturers  in  the 
present  volume.  We  append  a  list,  chronologicallj'  arranged. 

17S0.  J.  Bandinell. 

1781.  T.  Neve. 

1782.  R.  Holmes. 

1783.  J.  Cobb. 

1784.  J.  White. 

1785.  R.  Churton. 

1786.  G.  Croft. 

1787.  W.  Hawkins. 

1788.  R.  Shepherd. 

1789.  E.  Tatham. 

1790.  II.  Kett. 

1791.  R.  Morres. 

1792.  J.  Eveleigh. 

1793.  J.  Williamson. 

1794.  T.  Wintle. 

1795.  D.  Veysie. 

1796.  R.  Grav. 

1797.  Vf.  Finch. 

1798.  C.  HaU. 

1799.  W.  Barrow. 
ISOO.  G.  Richards. 

1801.  G.  S.  Faber. 

1802.  G.  F.  Nott. 
1603.  J.  F.xrrer. 
1804.  R.  Laurence. 

Complete  sets  are  rarely  to  be  found :  several  volumes 
being  very  scarce.  A  set,  1780-1850,  is  worth  about  £40 
to  £45. 

Banastcr,  Banastre,  or  Banestre,  Gilbert,  a 
poet  and  musician  of  the  15th  century.  His  only  work 
e-xtant  is  The  Miracle  of  St  Thomas,"l467 :  in  "MS.  in 
Bene't  College  Library." — RiTSOS. 

'■  The  Ptxiphcsu'S  of  BanhUr  of  Eniiland  are  not  uncommon 
among  manuscripts."    In  the  Scutch  Pt-opJiesie-'!.  printed  at  Edin- 
burgh. 1680.  Bannister  is  mentioned  as  the  author  of  some  of  them. 
*  As  Berlington's  bonks  and  BitnasU^r  teU  us.'  p.  2.     Again,  '  Beid 
hath  brieved  in  his  tiook,  and  Banesler  also,'  p.  18.    He  seems  to  be 
confounded  witti  William  Banister,  a  writer  of  the  reign  of  Edward 
the  Third." — KTiWo/rs  lli&lory  cf  English  Poetry. 
Baucks,  J.     Miscell.  Works,  Lon.,  1738-39. 
Baiicks,  Robt.    Mathemat.  Con.  to  Nic.  Jour.,  180S. 
Bancroft,  A.  Hist,  of  C.  Weutworth,  Esq.,  Lon.,  1770. 
Bancroft,  Aaron,  D.D.,  1755-1S39.  for  more  th.an 
half  a  century  minister  of  a  Congregatiou.al  (Unitarian) 
church  at  Worcester,  Mass.     Life  of  George  Washington, 
1807.     Pub.  in  London,  by  Stockdale,  in  1808. 

Several  editions  of  this  work  have  been  published. 
Bancroft,  E.  N.,  M.D.,  son  of  the  following,  was  a 
military  physician,  and  author  of  two  publications,  both 
in  1808,  respecting  the  Medical  Department  of  Armies. 
He  warmly  opposed  the  opinions  of  Drs.  McGregor  and 
Jackson  on  this  subject.  He  also  pub.  an  Essay  on  the 
Yellow  Fever,  1811,  and  a  Sequel  thereto  in  1817. 

Bancroft,  Edward,  M.D.,  d.  1821,  was  noted  for  his 
extensive  knowledge  of  science  in  general.  He  was  inti- 
mate with  Drs.  Franklin,  Priestley,  and  other  philosophers 
of  the  day.  An  Essay  on  the  Natural  History  of  Guiana, 
Lon.,  1769. 

"  Besides  natural  history,  this  work  may  be  consulted  with  ad- 
vantage on  the  manners,  itc.  of  the  natives." 

"  W'ritten  in  a  very  unaffected  mannei-.  and  containing  a  groat 
deal  of  information  which  was  new  at  the  time." 

Experimental  Researches  concerning  the  Philosophy  of 
Permanent  Colours,  Lon.,  1794.  The  same  arranged,  with 
large  additions,  Lon.,  1813,  2  vols. 
"The  most  scientific  work  on  the  subject." 
Bancroft,  George.  Trans,  of  the  Answer  of  the 
Preacher's  at  Basle  respecting  the  Administration  of  the 
Lord's  Supper,  154.S-49,  Svo. 

Bancroft,  George,  b.  1800,  in  Worcester,  Mass.,  is  a 
son  of  the  Rev.  Aaron  Bancroft,  D.D.,  author  of  a  Life  of 
Washington.  (See  ante.)  He  entered  Harv,ard  College  at 
the  early  age  of  13,  and  graduated  with  the  second  honours 
of  his  class  in  1817.  In  181 S  he  visited  Germany,  where 
he  prosecuted  his  studies  under  the  eminent  scholars  Heeren 
and  Schlosser.  His  original  destination  was  the  pulpit,  and 
he  preached  several  discourses,  which  produced  a  favourable 
opinion  of  his  talents  in  this  department;  Imt  a  love  of  lite- 
rature proved  the  stronger  attachment.  Fur  a  short  period 
he  held  the  post  of  Greek  Tutor  in  Harvard  College.  His 
first  publication  was  a  volume  of  Poems,  (1823,)  followed  in 
the  next  year  by  a  translation  of  Heeren's  Reflections  on  the 
Politics  of  Ancient  Greece.  Shortly  before  this,  in  conjunc- 
tion with  Dr.  Joseph  G.  Cogswell,  (now  superintendent  of 
the  Astor  Library,)  ho  opened  the  Round  Hill  School  at 
Northampton,  and  in  the  intervals  of  instruction  he  occu- 
pied himself  in  supervising  and  publishing  a  translation  of 
Heeren's  Histories  of  the  States  of  Antiquity  and  of  the  Po- 
litical System  of  Europe  and  its  Colonies  from  the  Discovery 
of  America  to  the  Successful  Termination  of  the  Struggle  for 
Freedom  of  the  British  Colonies.  Mr.  Bancroft  now  turned 
110 


his  attention  to  politics,  in  which  field  he  displayed  consi- 
derable ability.  In  January,  1838,  he  was  appointed,  by 
President  Van  Buren,  Collector  of  the  Port  of  Boston,  and 
discharged  the  duties  of  this  office  with  great  fidelity  for 
three  years.  In  1844  he  was  the  candidate  of  the  Demo- 
cratic party  for  the  ofHce  of  Governor  of  the  State  of  Massa- 
chusetts, and  received  a  large  vote,  though  not  elected. 
In  1845,  Mr.  Bancroft  was  appointed  .Secretary  of  the  Navy, 
and  proved  a  most  useful  public  officer:  he  suggested  many 
reforms,  established  the  Nautical  School  at  Annapolis,  and 
improved  the  Astronomical  Observatory  at  Washington. 
In  184B,  he  w,as  appointed  minister-plenipotentiary  to  Great 
Britain,  and  resided  in  London  until  1849,  receiving  those 
gratifying  testimonials  of  esteem  and  respect  which  mere 
official  position  is  unable  to  command.  On  his  return  to 
America  he  adopted  the  city  of  New  York  as  his  residence. 
Some  of  his  orations  have  been  published ;  and  he  is  the 
author  of  several  articles  in  the  North  American  and 
Boston  Quarterly  Reviews.  He  printed  a  Fourth-of-July 
Or.ation  in  1826,  delivered  at  the  request  of  the  town  of 
Northampton;  and,  in  1836,  an  oration  delivered  at  Spring- 
field was  published,  and  went  through  several  editions. 

As  an  author,  Mr.  Bancroft  is  best  known  by  his  His- 
tory of  the  United  States,  the  first  part  of  which,  embrac- 
ing the  History  of  the  Colonization  of  the  United  States, 
is  comprised  in  three  volumes :  1st,  pub.  1834;  2d,  1837; 
3d,  1840.  Vol.  iv.,  being  vol.  i.  of  the  History  of  the 
Revolution,  was  pub.  in  1852,  and  vol.  v.  in  1853.  The 
first  portion  of  this  work  contains  an  account  of  the  set- 
tlement of  the  13  original  states,  the  Spanish  settlements 
in  Florida,  the  French  discovery,  and  colonization  of  Mi- 
chig.an  and  Wisconsin ;  the  discovery  of  the  Mississippi, 
the  colonization  of  Illinois  and  Indiana,  of  Mississippi 
and  Louisiana,  and  the  attempts  at  colonizing  Texas  by 
La  Salle.     The  topics 

"  Most  interesting  to  the  people  of  the  great  Valley  of  the  Mis- 
sissippi, are  deline^ated  more  fully  than  in  any  American  work, 
and  from  original  sources;  the  work  is  richly  illustrated  by  maps, 
sketches,  and  engravings,  particularly  by  heads  uf  f  he  Winthrops, 
of  Smith,  of  William  I'enn.  and  Franklin;  facsimiles  of  the  maps 
of  the  A'alley  of  the  Mississippi,  and  of  L.ake  Superior,  with 
sketches  illustrating  Indian  life  and  appearance." 

"The  History  of  the  United  States  is  a  work  of  great  research, 
and.  while  tiie  author  states  his  own  opinions  decidedly  and 
strongly,  it  is  pervaded  by  a  fair  and  just  spirit.  The  style  is 
vigorous,  clear,  and  frank,— not  often  rising  into  eloquence,  but 
frequently  picturesque,  and  always  free  from  imitation  and  from 
pedantry :  it  is,  in  fact,  what  it  professes  to  be,— a  national  work, 
—and  is  worthy  of  its  great  theme."— A'ni'^/iCs  Eng.  Cyc. 

So  great  has  been  the  demand  for  this  work,  that  the 
15th  edition  of  the  first  3  vols,  was  published  in  1853.  ^ 

We  quote  some  notices  of  the  History  of  the  Coloniza- 
tion of  the  United  States,  comprising  vols,  i.,  ii.,  and  iii. 
The  commendation  of  the  author's  distinguished  friend 
and  qiiuiulrjm  tutor.  Professor  Heeren,  must  have  been 
very  gratifying  to  Mr.  Bancroft : 

"  We  know  few  modern  historic  works  in  which  the  author  has 
reached  so  high  an  elevation  at  once  as  an  historical  inquirer  and 
an  historical  writer.  The  great  con,scicntiousness  with  which  he 
refers  to  his  authorities,  and  his  careful  criticism,  give  the  most 
decisive  proofs  of  his  comprehensive  studies.  He  has  founded  his 
narrative  on  contemporary  docimients,  yet  without  neglecting 
works  of  later  times,  and  of  other  countries.  His  narrative  is 
everywhere  worthy  of  the  suV-ject.  The  reader  is  always  instructed, 
ofteii  more  deeply  interested  than  by  novels  or  romances.  The 
love  of  country  is  the  muse  which  inspires  the  author;  but  this 
inspiration  is  that  of  the  severe  historian,  which  springs  from  the 
he.art." — Prof.  Heerkn. 

The  value  of  this  opinion  is  well  known  to  the  student 
of  history.     Edward  Everett  justly  remarks  that 

"  Few  writers  have  better  succeeded  than  Mr.  Ileeren  in  treat- 
ing questions  of  antiquity  with  the  spirit  of  modern  philosophical 
criticism.  He  is  a  prudent  mediator  between  the  bold  specula- 
tions of  some  of  his  countrymen,  and  the  credulous  learning  of 
the  last  century.  .  .  .  Mr.  Heeren  holds  a  place  in  the  front  rank 
of  the  professors  at  Gottingen.  is  one  of  the  most  esteemed  Ger- 
man writers  of  the  present  d.ay.  is  a  correspondent  of  the  National 
Institute  of  France,  and  worthy  of  the  f;ime  which  he  enjoys  at 
home  and  abroad." — ^'orth  American  Itericw. 

Lniidari  a  riro  laiidntn  Mr.  Bancroft  must  feel  to  be  a 
sufficient  reward  for  his  arduous  labours. 

Frederick  Von  Raumer  does  not  scruple  to  say  that 
"Bancroft,  Prescott.  and  Sparks  have  elTected  so  much  in  his- 
torical composition,  that  no  living  European  historian  can  take 
precedence  of  them,  but  rather  might  feel  proud  and  grateful  to 
be  admitted  as  a  companion." 

As  we  have  quoted  Mr.  Everett,  this  seems  to  be  a 
proper  place  for  a  short  extract  from  this  distinguished 
scholar's  review  of  Mr.  Bancroft's  1st  volume: 

"A  History  of  the  United  States,  by  an  American  writer,  pes. 
sesses  a  claim  upon  our  attention  of  the  strongest  chai-acter.  It 
would  do  so  under  any  circumstances;  but  when  we  add  that  the 
work  of  Mr.  Bancroft  'is  one  of  the  ablest  of  the  class  which  has 
for  vears  appeared  in  the  English  language;  that  it  compares  ad- 
vantageously with  the  standard  British  historians;  that  as  far  as 


BAN 


BAN 


it  goes,  it  does  su<-h  justice  to  its  noble  subject  as  to  supersede 
the  necessity  of  any  future  work  of  tlie  same  kind:  and  if  com- 
pleted as  commenced,  will  unquestional.ly  forever  be  regarded 
both  as  an  Amerkan  and  as  an  English  classic,  our  readers  would 
justly  tbink  us  unpardonable  if  we  failed  to  offer  our  humble  tri- 
bute to  its  merit."— iV.  Amfricau  Ji>vieiv,  si.  99. 
On  another  occasion  Mr.  Everett  remarks: 
••  This  noble  theme  has  been  treated  with  a  beauty  and  a  pr>wer 
by  out'  whom  I  need  not  name  in  this  presence,  ithe  historian  of 
the  United  States.)  which,  without  impairing  tht-ir  authenticity, 
have  converted  the  several  pages  of  our  history  into  a  magniticent 
Odyssey  of  national  adventure." — Everett's  Lecture  im  the  IHscovery 
of  America. 

The  3d  volume  was  reviewed  by  a  brother  historian,  W. 
H.  Prescott: 

"  In  closiuf;  our  remarks  we  must  confess  our  satisfaction,  that 
the  favoui-able  notice  we  took  of  Mr.  Bancroft's  labours,  on  his  first 
appearanct;.  has  been  fully  ratitifd  by  his  countrymen,  and  that 
his  Colonial  History  establishes  his  title  to  a  place  among  the 
great  historical  writers  of  the  age.  The  reader  will  find  the  pages 
of  thi-  prt-sent  volume  tilled  with  matter  not  less  interesting  and 
uupoitant  than  the  preceding.  lie  will  meet  with  the  same  bril- 
liant and  daring  style,  the  same  picturesque  sketches  of  character 
and  imident.  the  sjime  acute  reasoning,  and  compass  of  erudition." 
— A.  Amertray}  Etricio,  m.  75. 

The  Edinburgh  Review,  in  concluding  a  notice  of  the 
3  vols.,  (9th  edition,  Boston.  1S41.)  remarks  : 

"  We  cannot  take  leave  of  this  work  without  again  enforcing 
upon  the  mind  of  the  Knglish  reader  the  necessity  of  perusing  it 
with  a  catholic  spirit.  All  that  is  of  chief  importance  in  it  is  en- 
titled to  his  esteem.  The  real  liberality. — the  general  Ciirness. — 
the  labour  and  conscientious  research  it  evinces. — deserve,  and  we 
are  assured  will  receive,  his  warmest  approbation.  There  are  some 
peculiarities,  however,  of  style, — some  modes  of  expression. — 
some  habits  of  thought,  which  are  novel;  and  may.  perhaps,  not 
prove  entirely  grateful  to  our  cisatlantic  taste.  But  Mr.  Bancroft's 
is  an  American,  not  an  English,  production,  and  must  be  judged 
by  a  reference  to  American  feelings.  We  treat  a  German  or  a 
French  work  after  this  fashion, — and  this  one.  although  written 
in  our  language,  is  not  subject  to  our  conventional  criticism." — 
Vol.  Ixxxv.  116. 

The  democratic  animus,  thus  hinted  at.  has  not  been  un- 
noticed at  home.  Dr.  Griswold,  while  highly  commend- 
ing the  History  as  a  whole,  observes: 

"  Entering  deeply  into  the  spirit  of  the  times,  he  becomes  insen- 
sibly the  advocate  of  the  cause  of  freedom,  which  invalidates  his 
testimony.  He  suffers  too  much  'his  passion  to  instruct  his  rea- 
son.' He  is  more  mastered  by  his  subject  than  himself  master  of 
it.  Liberty  with  him  is  not  the  result  of  an  analytical  process, 
but  the  basis  of  his  work,  and  he  builds  upon  it  synthetically."' — 
I'rose  M'rit'rs  oj  Anierua.  Itli  ed..  1.S62.  4*J5.  (Notice  of  vols,  i.-iii. 
See  also,  to  the  same  effect,  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  Ixxxiv.  426, 
(by  Rev.  G.  E.  Ellis.)  The  London  Monthly  Review  speaks 
with  enthusiasm  both  of  the  author  and  his  theme ; 

"Mr.  Bancroft,  who  is  an  American  himself,  possesses  the  best 
qualities  of  an  historian.  His  diligent  research,  his  earnest  yet 
tolerant  spirit,  and  the  sustained  accumcy  and  dignity  of  his  style, 
have  been  nobly  brought  to  bear  upon  one  of  the  grandest  sub- 
jects that  ever  engaged  the  study  of  the  philosopher,  the  legislator, 
or  the  historian.  There  can  l:>e  no  doubt  of  his  being  posses.sedof 
the  bi-.'hest  re^itiisites  of  an  historian." 

AVliilst  there  are  many  on  this  side  of  the  Atlantic  who 
would  not  feel  disposed  to  endorse  withont  reservation  the 
following  iui2}rimatur,  the  literary  competency  of  the  his- 
torian will  be  questioned  by  few: 

"  Bancroft  is  the  acknowledged  historian  of  the  United  States. 
To  him  has  been  awarded  by  universal  consent  the  task  of  making 
the  record  of  our  nation's  life,  with  a  confidence  in  his  ripe  sch"lar- 
ship.  extensive  historical  knowledge,  just  discriminatir-n,  and  the 
purity  of  his  style,  that  has  in  no  respect  been  disappointed.  His 
work  is.  and  must  be.  the  standard  history  of  the  country,  and  as 
such  should  re-ach  every  family,  and  be  studied  by  every  person 
who  would  be  acquainted  with  the  events  of  our  past  existence.'' 

We  have  stated  that  vol.  4th,  being  vol.  Ist  of  the  His- 
tory of  the  American  Revolution,  was  published  in  lSo2. 
It  comprises  a  period  of  16  years,  from  1748  to  ITG.'i,  and 
is  styled  The  American  Revolution ;  Epoch  First,  the 
Overthrow  of  the  European  Colonial  System.  For  the  pre- 
paration of  this  volume  Mr.  Bancroft  had  a  large  stock  of 
valuable  materials  never  before  used — 

"  Particularly  the  original,  unpublished  Journal  of  the  Com- 
mittee of  Correspondence  of  Massachusetts;  letters  from  public 
committees,  from  places  as  far  south  as  Savannah,  most  of  them 
unpublished,  and  never  read  by  any  writer  of  American  history; 
and  letters  from  almost  every  town  and  village  in  Massachusetts, 
from  very  many  in  Maine,  Xew  Hampshire.  Rhode  Island,  and  Con- 
necticut; unpublished  letters,  giving  the  history  of  the  periods 
from  1765  to  1776.  from  Samuel  .\danis,  Benjamin  Franklin,  as 
agent  for  Massachusetts,  John  .\dams,  Kichard  Henry  Lee.  Arthur 
Lee.  William  Lee.  Christopher  Gadsden;  from  Charles  Thompson. 
Dickinson,  and  many  others:  a  large  file  of  most  valuable  letters 
from  Joseph  Warren;  beside  letters  from  William  Prescott.  Josiah 
Quincy.  Jr..  John  Hancock,  Gerry,  Hawley,  Dr.  Cooper,  and  other 
leading  characters  in  New  England." 

From  such  materials  and  so  skilful  an  architect,  much 
was  expected,  and  expectation  was  not  disappointed. 

"It  commences  with  a  preliminary  survey  of  the  events  that 
had  prepared  the  inhabitants  of  the  American  Continent  for  the 
brilliant  destiny  that  was  to  open  before  them,  and  is  continued 
through  a  period  of  fifteen  momentous  years,  embracing  the  seven 
years'  war,  the  expulsion  of  the  French  fi-om  Canada,  aud  the  first 


contests  of  the  people  with  their  governors  in  the  attempt  of  the 
latter  to  subvert  their  liberties.  It  describes  minutely  the  pro- 
gress of  each  event  that  tended  toward  the  general  result, — now 
sketching  with  a  vigorous  hand  the  reckless  management  of  the 
'  Board  of  Tradii.'  in  their  endeavours  for  the  enforcement  of  arbi- 
trary power;  then  again,  holding  up  to  our  admiring  view  the 
great  Pitt,  with  his  masterly  genius  stemming  the  storm  which 
was  almost  ready  to  break  over  Europe,  and  raising  bis  country 
to  the  highest  pinnacle  of  greatness  by  his  consummate  states- 
manship. The  work  is  full  of  such  artistic  groupings,  and  rises 
at  times  to  the  highest  point  of  eloquence.  But  yet  it  is  not  iini- 
forra.  and  sometimes  sinks  almost  to  mediocrity.  In  fact,  we  have 
seldom  read  a  more  uneven  book, — some  of  its  chapters,  by  their 
extreme  terseness  of  style,  rendering  you  weary,  and  others  car- 
rying you  along  with  resistless  interest. "-^iVorfOH'.t  A'.  1'.  Lit.G"2dte. 

Vol.  5th  appeared  in  1S53.  It  comprises  a  period  of 
three  years,  1763-1766.  and  gives  a  history  of  the  causea 
of  dispute  between  Great  Britain  and  her  American  Colo- 
nies. The  enforcement  of  the  Navigation  Act,  the  pai^sage 
of  the  Stamp  Act.  the  Pontiae  War,  the  Rockingham 
Ministry,  the  temper  with  which  the  Stamp  Act  ^7as  re- 
ceived in  the  Colonies,  and  its  bold  rejection  by  the  first 
American  Congress,  the  advocacy  of  the  Colonial  cause  on 
the  floor  of  Parliament  by  the  first  man  in  England — the 
great  Pitt— the  Repeal  of  the  Stamp  Act,  and  the  other 
exciting  events  of  this  period  are  drawn  by  the  hand  of  a 
master. 

''The  further  this  work  proceeds,  the  more  do  we  feel  that  it 
must  take  its  place  as  an  essentially  satisfactorj'  History  of  the 
United  States." — Lond/m  Alhenfrum. 

"We  quote  some  more  notices  of  Mr.  Bancroft's  History, 
as  a  whole : 

"Aside  from  its  artistic  excellence,  its  remarkable  unity,  bril- 
ILant  narrative,  and  vivid  description,  the  whole  work  is  full  of 
facts  that  can  be  found  nowhere  else;  for  no  one  has  had  at  com- 
mand richer  or  more  costly  materials,  or  has  brought  to  them 
greater  ability  or  more  persevering  industry." 

"There  are  more  graceful  narrators  than  Bancroft.  There  may 
be  annalists  more  searching  and  profound — though  we  can  scarcely 
name  Ihcni— but  for  union  of  history  and  philosophy,  the  actual 
and  the  idral.  in  a  continuous  synthetic  composition,  he  certitinly 
bearsaway  Ibejtalm.  .  .  .  Mr.  Bancroft's  narrative  is  distinguished 
for  its  freedom  from  vagueness,  and  its  exact  nicety  of  description. 
In  the  sphere  of  facts,  he  deals  in  no  unmeaning  generalities. 
Whether  delineating  character  or  natural  scenei-y,  his  epithets  are 
choice,  short-cut,  and  of  expressive  fidelity.  He  never  falls  intu 
the  error,  so  common  with  inferior  writers,  of  losing  all  distinctr 
ness  of  statement  in  a  cloud  of  general  assertions.  lie  is  always 
specific  in  his  detail,  instead  of  trusting  to  indefinite  sketches.  He 
does  not  paint  in  uncertain  colours  the  localities  which  he  wishes 
to  illustrate,  but  presents  their  natural  features  in  prominent  re- 
lied"—Geo.  Ripley. 

"At  once  a  philosopher,  a  poet,  a  statesman,  and  an  assiduous 
student,  it  is  not  surprising  that  he  has  produced  a  monument  of 
genius  and  toil  which  embodies  the  highest  attributes  of  the  in- 
tellect, and  will  challenge  the  admiration  of  ages." — i\'eiv  York 
Quarterly  lieviiw. 

"  Among  the  historians  who  have  attained  a  hijh  and  deserved 
reputation  in  the  United  States,  within  the  last  few  years,  we  are 
inclined  to  yield  the  first  place  to  <ieorge  Bancroft. 

"  His  expl-*rience  in  political  and  diplomatic  life,  no  less  than  his 
rare  and  generous  culture,  and  his  singular  union  of  the  highest 
mental  faculties,  enable  us  to  predict  with  conlidence  that  his 
work  will  be  reckoned  among  the  genuine  masterpieces  of  historical 
genius." — Westminster  Review. 

Vol.  vi.,  pub.  1854,  comprises  the  history  of  eight  years, 
— 1766-74, — bringing  us  down  to  the  very  verge  of  the  Re- 
volution. It  has  received  the  high  commendation  of  being 
"in  no  respect  inferior  to  its  predecessors."  InlS58  appeared 
revised  eds.  of  vols.  i.  and  ii.,  and  in  the  same  year  wi\s  pub. 
vol.  vii., — being  vol.  i.  of  the  American  Revolution. 

"This  volume,  while  it  forms  the  Continuation  of  the  History  as 
already  published,  is  the  first  of  four  volumes  embracing  the  period 
of  the  American  Revolution. — from  the  Blockade  of  Boston  to  the 
Treaty  of  Peace  at  Paris,  in  1782,— and  contains  (in  a  grmt  (It-yree 
from  manuscript  and  unpublished  sources)  the  history  >)i  the  nation 
during  the  first  portion  of  this  eventful  period. — including  the 
blockade  of  Boston  Harbor,  the  general  organization  of  the  country, 
the  alteration  of  the  Charter  of  Massachusetts,  the  resistance  of  the 
people  of  aiassachuaetts,  the  spirit  of  the  South,  the  Congress  of 
1774,  the  progress  of  measures  in  England,  France,  and  elsewhere, 
the  battles  of  Lexington  and  Concord,  the  siege  of  Boston,  the 
Congress  of  1775,  the  choice  of  Washington  as  commander-in-chief, 
the  battle  of  Bunker  Hill,  &c." 

"  Having  thus  recognized  the  claims  of  the  work  in  general 
terms,  we  may  be  allowed  a  critical  word  or  two.  In  the  fir-si  place, 
then,  the  absence  of  references,  notwithstanding  the  author's  ex- 
planation, is  a  great  defect.  We  have  heard  much  of  the  original 
and  unedited  historic  material  in  his  possession,  but  fail  to  trace 
any  striking  evidence  thereof  in  the  text.  The  ground  over  which 
heleads  us  is  familiar  and  endeared  :  Marshall  and  Sparks.  Ramsay 
aud  Gordon,  Botta,  Everett,  and  Frothingham,  Irving,  Lossing, 
and  others,  have  been  our  guides  in  the  eame  series  of  events ;  and 
we  find  little  that  is  novel  in  the  facts  narrated  by  Mr.  Bancroft, 
The  prominence  given  to  Samuel  Adams,  the  details  of  public 
opinion  and  sentiment  on  both  sides  of  the  Atlantic,  the  sketches 
of  European  character,  and  many  generalizations,  philosophic  and 
political,  are  the  chief  features  of  freshness;  and  these  do  not  always 
add  to  the  effect.  Many  of  the  longest  quotations,  though  apt  and 
illustrative,  are  household  words  to  us  all. — such  as  Lord  Chatham's 
famous  speech,  Burke's  description  uf  tho  whale-fishery,  Logan's 


BAN 


BAN 


aboriginal  iloqnence,  and  Patrick  Henry's  appeal." — 11.  T.  Ticker- 
man.     (Keview  of  vol.  vii.,  1858.) 

'*  In  spite  of  all  its  partiality  and  all  its  Bhort-cominga,  Mr.  Ban- 
croft's wurk  is  a  remarkable  contribution  to  the  history  of  that 
Rreat  and  memorable  revolution.  Possibly,  had  be  been  leas 
national  he  would  have  been  less  in  earnest;  and  it  is  good  to  have 
an  opportunity  of  seeing  from  all  points  of  view." — Lon.  Crilic. 
(Keview  of  vol.  vii.) 

'•The  opinion  which  we  have  more  than  once  expressed  upon 
the  style  of  Mr.  Bancroft's  History  applies  with  full  force  to  the 
volume  before  us.  It  is  exceedingly  picturesque  and  bright  and 
processional,  yet  scarcely  equal  to  the  vigour  of  debate  or  the  storm 
of  revolutionary  battle.  We  have  only  glimpses  of  the  men  of  the 
Revolution,  and  are  left  to  a  good  deal  of  surmise  as  to  the  secrt-ts 
of  the  time.  We  miss  the  authoritative  notes  that  lighted  up  the 
text  of  the  earlier  volumes,  and  cainiot  but.  on  the  whole,  express 
our  regret  that  the  author  has  not  bad  such  complete  access  to 
papers  as  would  have  given  fulness  and  certainty  to  this  without 
doubt  the  only  American  National  History." — ton.  Atheii.,  June 
12,1858.     (Review  of  vol.  vii.) 

"  Mr.  Bancroft,  who  was  Ambassador  to  London  in  1846-49,  had 
thcGovernment  archives  of  Plngland  and  France  freely  thrown  open 
to  him  for  the  purposes  of  this  hii^tiiry  wliile  thus  engaged,  find  also 
was  allowed  free  access  to  the  pri\at''  p;ipers  of  the  noble  and 
political  families  in  both  countiits  «iiMsr  ancestors  had  been 
mixed  up  in  our  contest.  Well  and  widely  has  he  used  them. 
We  had  occasion,  when  his  sixth  volume  appeared,  to  go  over  it 
as  critically  as  we  could ;  and  it  is  to  the  credit  of  his  accuracy  that 
wo  were  able  to  discover  only  a  single  inacruvacy.  That  was  where 
he  committed  tautology,  by  speaking  of  '  the  comity  of  YorksTfiVe.' 
Let  us  hope  that  tlie  continuation  of  this  national  work  will  be 
pushed  forward  with  some  rapidity.  Nearly  four  years  have  elapsed 
between  the  appearance  of  the  two  last  volumes.  Mr.  Bancroft 
describes  battles  as  well  as  Sir  William  Napier,  who  fought  them." 
— Dr.  R.  Shelton  Mackenzie. 

Mr.  B.  pub.  an  Abridg.  of  his  Hist,  of  the  Colonization 
of  the  U.  States.  2  vols.  16mo,  out  of  print,  and  not  repub- 
lished. In  1855,  a  vol.  of  his  Miscellanies  was  pub.,  N. 
York.  8vo,  and  has  passed  through  several  edits. 

Bancrol't,  John.     Sertorius  ;  a  Tragedy,  Lon.,  1679. 

Bancroft,  Richard,  154-1-1610,  Archbishop  of  Can- 
terbury, was  a  native  of  Farmswurth  in  Lancashire.  He 
look  the  degree  of  B.A.  at  Christ's  College,  Cambridge,  in 
1567,  and  then  removed  to  Jesus  College.  He  was  in  fa- 
vour with  Queen  Elizabeth,  whom  he"  attended  in  her  last 
illness.  She  nominated  him  to  the  see  of  London,  and 
King  James  in  1604,  promoted  him  to  the  Archbishopric 
of  Canterbury.  He  was  a  zealous  opponent  of  the  Puri- 
tans, and  Clarendon  thinks  that  had  his  life  been  prolonged, 
he  would  have  succeeded  in  destroying  that  formidable 
power  which  after  his  death  swallowed  up  both  the  Church 
and  the  Monarchy.  On  the  12th  of  January,  1588,  he 
preached  a  sermon  at  St.  Paul's  Cross,  in  which  he  handled 
the  Puritans  with  great  severity.  See  Hickes's  Biblio- 
theca  Script.  Eccles.  Anglicauie. 

In  1593  he  published,  1.  Dangerous  Positions  and  Pro- 
ceedings published  and  practised  within  this  Island  of 
Britain,  under  pretence  of  Refi>rmation  and  of  the  Presby- 
terian Discipline.  2.  A  Survey  of  the  pretended  Holy 
Discipline.     These  works 

"  Were  liked  and  greatly  commended  by  the  learnedest  men  in 
the  realm." — Whitgift. 

Archbishop  Bancroft  was 

"A  jH'isnii  '•rsiii-ul.ir(iiuia'_''-and  iMiid.-nce  in  all  matters  relate 
iug  I',  till-  iliM-iphiH>  and  rst.iblishiiK-nt  ••i  the  Church."— Camden. 

BaiUToft,  Thomas,  h.  probably  about  1600,  waa 
educated  at  Catherine  Hull,  Cambridge.  Two  Bookes  of 
Epigrammes  and  Epitaths.  Dedicated  to  two  top  branches 
of  Gentry:  Sir  Charles  Shirley,  Baronet,  and  William 
Davenport,  Esq.,  London  :  printed  by  J.  Okes,  for  Matthew 
Walbancke,  and  are  to  be  sold  at  his  shop  in  Grayes-Inne- 
gate,  16;?9.  This  very  rare  volume  contains  481  "Epi- 
grammes and  Epitaths."  Priced  in  Bibl.  Anglo-Poet.,  £20. 
In  the  first  Bonk  occur  two  "  Epigrammes"  on  Shakspeare  : 
*'  Shooke  thy  Speare,"  seems  to  allude  to  his  Crest,  which 
was  a  Fnlcou  supporting  a  Spear. 

Bancroft  was  a  contributor  tn  Lachrymoe  Musarum, 
1650,  in  which  his  poem  is  thus  inscribed: 

'■To  the  never-dving  Memory  of  the  nnble  Lord  Hastings.  &c., 
f  lie  nieAnest  son  of  the  Muses  consecrates  this  Elegie." — Bib.  AngJ/t- 
BieHc'i. 

See  Dyce's  account  of  James  Shirley,  the  dramatist, 
for  his  lines  to  that  author. 

Glutton's  Feavers.  This  was  reprinted  for  the  members 
cf  the  Ilo.xburghe  Club,  by  J.  D.  Phelps,  Esq.  In  the 
Restituta,  vol.  ii.  p.  490-96,  will  he  found  19  Epigrams 
from  Bancroft's  first  work. 

Heroical  Lover,  Lon.,  1653.  Sold  in  the  Reed  Sale  for 
£1  10«.  6f/. 

Bancroft,  Thomas.   ProlusionesPocticae,  Lon. ,1788. 

Bandinel,  Kev.  Bulkelcy.  For  many  years  he  has 
ha<l  tlie  jirinciiial  caro  of  the  Bodleian  Lib.,  O.xford.  Dug- 
dale's  Monasticon  Anglicanum,  to  be  completed  in  4  vols: 
Parts  1  and  2, 1813,  fol,  A  Catalogue  of  Books  relating  to 
112 


British  Topography  and  Saxon  and  North.  Lit.,  bequeathed 
to  'tutj  Bodleian  Library  by  Richard  Gough,  Esq.,  1814, 
4to. 

"The  most  complete  catalogue  of  Englieh  Tr)pography  extant." 

Bandinel,  J,  Lufra;  a  Poem,  12mo.  Milton  Dave- 
nant,  3vols.  p.  Svo.  Sermons,  Devotional  and  Practical, 
12mo.     Treatise  on  Slavery.  1842.  r.  8vo. 

Bandinell,  James.  Eight  Sermons  preached  be- 
fore the  University  of  Oxford,  in  1780,  Lon.,  1780,  on  the 
Doctrines  of  Christianity. 

"  These  discourses  manifest  considerable  abilities  in  their  author. 
Their  style  and  language  are  generally  easy,  accurate,  aud  expres- 
sive. They  discover  sense  and  ingenuity,  learning  and  criticism. 
The  subjects  of  them  are  chielly  the  truth  of  Christianity,  and  its 
peculiar  doctrines." — Monthly  Jieview,  17S1. 

Bantill,  S.     A  letter  to  D.  Giddy,  M.P.,  1811. 

Bangs,  Nathan,  D.D.,  b.  1778,  at  Stratford,  Fairfield 
CO.,  Connecticut,  entered  the  ministry  of  the  Methodist 
Episcopal  Church  in  1801.  1.  The  Errors  of  Hopkinsian- 
ism.  2.  Predestination  Examined.  3.  Reformer  Reformed. 
4.  Life  of  the  Rev.  Freeborn  Garrettson.  5.  History  of  Mis- 
sions. 6.  An  Original  Church  of  Christ.  7.  Hist,  of  the 
Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  4  vols.  12mo.  8.  Emancipa- 
tion. 9.  State  Prospects  and  Responsibilities  of  the  M.  E. 
Church.  10.  Letters  on  Sanctification.  11.  Lifeof  Arminius. 
Dr.  Bangs  has  contributed  largely  to  the  periodical  litera- 
ture of  his  Church.  By  appointment  of  the  Gen.  Conference 
he  assumed  the  duties  of  editorship  of  the  Christian  Ad- 
vocate aud  Journal,  and  the  oversight  of  all  the  books  issued 
from  the  Church  establishment.  As  editor  of  the  Quarterly 
Review  and  of  the  Methodist  Book  Concern,  he  has  been 
widely  useful  to  the  ecclesiastical  connexion  of  which  he  is 
a  member. 

Banim,  John,  is  the  author  of  a  number  of  highly 
popular  novels.  The  Tales  of  the  O'Hara  Family,  1st  and 
2d  scries,  1825-26,  excited  a  very  strung  interest  in  the  pub- 
lie  mind. 

"  He  appears  to  know  the  affairs  of  his  native  land  thoroughly, 
and  to  have  entered  into  all  its  circles." — Lnndon  LiU-rary  G-izdte. 

Croppy;  a  Tale  of  1798,  pub.  in  1828.  This  work  is 
distinguished  by  Mr.  Banim's  graphic  powers  of  descrip- 
tion. Anglo-Irish  of  the  19th  Century,  1828.  The  De- 
nounced, 1830.    Father  Connell.  1842,  12rao ;  3  vols.  p.  8vo. 

"An  excellent  specimen  of  the  O'llara  ware.  .  .  .  Good  Father 
Connell  ought  to  be  a  welcome  guest  in  Protestant  as  well  as  in 
Catholic  houses." — Lon.  Atlien. 

Bit  o'  Writin,  3  vols.  p.  Svo.  Boyne  Water,  3  vols.  p.  Svo. 
Crohoore  of  Bill-hook,  12mo.  Ghost-Hun  ter  and  his  Family, 
12rao.  John  Doe,  12mo.  Mayorof  Wind-Gap,  3  vols.  p.  Svo. 
Nowlans,  12mo.  Smuggler.  12mo;  new  ed.,  1857.  He  was 
the  author  of  the  celebrated  tragedy  of  Damon  and  Pythias. 
See  Life,  with  Extracts  from  his  Correspondence  by  Patrick 
John  Murray,  12mo,  1857. 

"The  Ghost  Hunter  and  his  Family,  and  the  Mayor  of  Wind- 
Gap,  and  several  other  works,  are  proofs  of  Mr.  Banim's  remarkable 
talent  of  elicit  ing  the  interest  and  sympathies  of  his  reader.  Fault 
has  been  f  iund  with  him  on  the  ground  that  there  is  throughout 
the  whole  of  his  writings  a  sort  of  overstrained  excitement,  a  wil- 
ful dwelling  upon  turbulent  and  uui-hastened  passions,  which,  as 
it  is  a  vice  most  incident  to  the  workings  of  veaX  genius,  more 
especially  of  Irish  genius,  so  perhaps  it  is  one  which  meets  with  least 
mercy  from  well-behaved,  prosaic  people." — We-Uminster  Review. 

Banister,  A.     A  Model  for  a  School,  by  A.  B. 

Banister,  James.     Arts  and  Sciences,  Lon.,  1785. 

Banister,  John,  a  physician,  studied  at  Oxford;  he 
took  the  degree  of  bachelor  in  1573.  1.  A  Needful.  New, 
and  Necessary  Treatise  of  Chirurgery,  Lon.,  1575.  2.  The 
Historic  of  Man.  sucked  from  the  Sappe  of  the  most  ap- 
proved Anatomist,  Ac,  Lon.,  1578.  Ho  pub.  several  other 
professional  works. 

Banister,  John,  and  Thos.  Low,  New  Ayres,  Ac, 
Lon.,  1678. 

Banister,  John,  an  eminent  botanist,  born  in  Eng- 
land, settled  in  Virginia,  where  he  was  killed  by  a  fall 
from  the  rocks  whilst  on  a  botanical  excursion.  His  death 
cut  short  a  work  on  which  he  was  engaged — The  Natural 
History  of  Virginia.  "  His  herbarium  came  into  the  pos- 
session of  Sir  Hans  Sloane.  who  thought  it  a  valuable 
acquisition."  He  contributed  botanical  papers  to  Phil. 
Trans.,  16t».3,  1700;  and  a  Catalogue  of  Plants,  observed 
by  him  in  Virginia,  will  be  found  in  Ray's  Historia  Planta- 
rum,  1704.  Ray  speaks  of  him  as  very  eminent  in  his  de- 
partment. Dr.  Houston  named  a  plant  Bamstcria,  after 
him.  ami  Lawson  remarks, 

Banister,  John.  A  Synopsis  of  Husbandry, Lon. ,1709. 

Banister,  Richard.  A  Treatise  of  133  Diseases  of 
the  Eyes  and  Eyelids.  Lon.,  1622  ;  Tr.  from  Guillemeau. 
"In  my  treatise  of  the  Kyes.  I  have  named  the  best  oculists 
that  have  been  in  this  land  for  tifty  or  sixty  years,  who  were  no  gra- 
duates either  in  Cambridge  or  Oxon." — Extract  frt/m  above  worlc. 


BAN 

Ilankes,  Henry,  b.  about  1757,  J.  1835,  was  a  grcat- 
preat-grandson  of  Sir  John  Bankos,  Lord  Chief  Justice 
of  the  Common  Pleas  in  the  reigu  of  Charles  I.  He  was 
educated  at  Westuiinsler,  and  Trinity  College,  Cambridge. 
He  became  M.P.,  1780,  and  was  an  acting  and  useful  Trus- 
tee of  the  British  Museum.  In  181S  ho  jiub.  The  Civil 
and  Constitutional  History  of  Rome,  from  the  foundation 
to  the  Age  of  Augustus.  This  work  met  with  but  little 
favour  from  the  Quarterly  Keview.  See  Early  History 
of  Rome,  vol.  xxvii.  273:  but  audi  alteram  jiartcm  : 

"  Mr.  I!;iukes,  by  his  History,  has  undoulitedly  rendered  a  service 
to  the  litenture  of  his  rountry.  and  conferred  uiateri.-d  nl,li:ration 
on  the  (pliilnMijiiieraiid  the  scholar.  This  work  is  wi  it  ten  in  a  spirit 
of  ini|uiry  ;nid  .■xaminatinn,  which  throws  much  IIliIiI  "U  sii(  jects 
that  have  liiHiertii  been  tfieatly  neglected."— ioa.  MniiUdi/  Jiiriew. 

Bankcs,  Sir  John,  of  Queen's  Coll.,  O.\ford,  Lord 
Chief  Justice  of  the  Common  Pleas  in  the  reign  of  Charles  I. 
A  table  of  his  Reports  will  be  found  in  the  Hargrave  MSS., 
No.  523. 

"  Bankes.  the  attorney,  hath  been  commended  that  he  exceeds 
Bacon  in  eloquence.  Chancellor  EUesmere  in  jud'jjment,  and  Wil- 
liam Noy  in  Law.'* — LeW;}-  of  Loril  Sfr"(fnrtl. 

Bankes,  tawr.     Safe-Guard  of  the  Soul,  Lon.,  1019. 

Bankes,  Thos.  Concio  ad  Clerum  Cantabrigia;  Ha- 
bits in  Que.  v.  s.,  Lon.,  1611. 

Bankes,  W.  H.    A  llelirow-Eng.  Lexicon,  Lon.,  1S12. 

Banks.  Religion  .and  Reason  Adjusted,  ic.  Lon.,  1 696. 

Banks,  Sir  Jacob.  Argument  iu  the  Ca.so  of  Ship 
Money. 

Banks,  John,  a  dramatic  writer,  was  bred  .an  attor- 
ney-at-law,  .and  at  one  time  was  .a  member  of  New  Inn. 
His  pieces  were  very  popular,  and  several  of  them  main- 
tained possession  of  the  stage  for  a  long  time.  Rival 
Kings,  Lond.,  1677.  Destruction  of  Troy,  1679.  Virtue 
Betrayed,  16S2.  Island  Queens,  16S1.  ljnhap])y  Favour- 
ite, or  the  Earl  of  Essci:,  16S2.  Innocent  Usurper,  1691. 
Cyrus  the  Great,  1B96.  A  notice  of  his  writings  will  bo 
found  in  the  Biog.  Dramat.,  where  his  power  of  interesting 
the  feelings  is  dwelt  upon  at  length. 

*•  Mr. Banks's  writings  have  in  the  general  drawn  more  tears  from, 
and  excited  more  terror  in.  even  judi 'ious  audiences,  than  these 
of  much  more  correct  and  more  frulv  poetical  authors.'' 

"  Yesterday  we  were  entertained  with  the  tragedy  of  the  Earl  of 
Esses,  in  which  there  is  not  one  good  line,  [perhaps  too  severe!] 
and  yet  a  play  which  v/rs  never  seen  without  drawing  tears 
from  some  part  of  the  audience." — Sib  Richard  t^Tf.ELE:  Tatkr. 
No.  14. 

"  His  style  gives  .alternate  specimens  of  vulgar  meanness  and 
of  bombast.  But  even  his  dialogue  is  not  destitute  of  occasional 
nature  and  pathos;  and  tlio  value  of  his  works  as  acting  plays  is 
very  considerable." — Kmijht's  Eng.  Ci/c. 

Banks,  John,  1709-1751,  was  born  at  Sunning,  in 
Berkshire.  He  wrote  a  number  of  poems,  &c.  for  periodi- 
cals, pub.  for  a  time  The  Weaver's  Miscellany,  an<l  assisted 
in  a  Life  of  Christ.  He  pub.  a  Critical  Review  of  the  Life 
of  Oliver  Cromwell,  which  has  been  frequently  reprinted. 
He  was  encouraged  in  his  poetical  efforts  by  Pope's  sub- 
scribing for  two  copies  of  his  book. 

''  A  pleasing  and  acceptable  companion,  and  a  modest  and  unas- 
suming man.  free  from  every  inclination  to  indulge  in  contests,  or 
indulge  envy  or  miilevolence." — Cn'ilwr't;  Lives. 

Banks,  John.     Treatise  on  Mills,  etc.,  1795-1S12. 

Banks,  Jona.  Educational  works,  Ac, Lon. ,1679-1721. 

Banks,  Sir  Joseph,  1743-1820.  This  distinguished 
naturalist  was  born,  .according  to  some  accounts,  at  Reves- 
by  Abbey,  in  Lincolnshire,  the  country-seat  of  his  fa- 
ther, William  Banks,  Esq.  Others  judge,  from  the  register 
of  his  baptism,  that  he  was  born  in  Argyle  street,  London. 
In  1760  he  entered  a  gentleman  commoner  at  Christ 
Church,  O.\ford.  After  a  voyage  to  Labrador  and  New- 
foundland, in  176S,  bo  .sailed  in  the  Endeavour  with  Cap- 
tain Cook  on  his  first  circumnavigation  of  the  world.  In 
this  expedition  he  was  accompanied  by  Dr.  Solander,  a 
naturalist  of  great  acquirements.  A  Short  Account  of  the 
Causes  of  the  Diseases  in  Corn,  called  by  Farmers  the 
Mildew  and  the  Rust,  Lon.,  1803.  Circumstances  Relative 
to  Merino  Sheep,  chiefly  collected  from  the  Spanish  Shep- 
herds, Lon.,  1809.  Contributions  to  Pennant's  Tour  in 
Scotland,  (Account  of  StafTa;)  to  ArchieoL,  1796  ;  to  Trans. 
Hortic.  Society,  1815 ;  and  to  Nic.  Jour.,  1804.  Sir  Joseph 
was  President  of  the  Royal  Society  from  the  year  1777  to 
the  time  of  his  decease  in  1820. 

•■  Never  perhaps  has  the  chair  been  filled  with  more  honour  to 
the  individual,  or  more  advantage  to  the  interest  of  science.  Uis 
time,  bis  wealth,  his  iuttnence,  his  talents,  an  incomparable  libr.v 
ry  of  science  and  .^rt ;  knowledge  and  judgment  to  advise ;  affabi- 
lity to  conciliate  and  encour.age:  generosity  to  assist;  all.  in  short, 
of  which  he  po.s.sessed.  and  it  was  all  something  either  goodness  or 
greatness,  he  made  the  patrimony  of  the  studious  and  learned,  not 
of  his  own  country,  bu  toft  he  whole  world." — Lo7i.  Gent.  M<}f/.,1S20. 

Sir  Joseph  left  his  books  and  botanical  collection  to  the 
British  Museum. 


BAN 

Catalogus  Bibliotheca;  historico  naturalis  .Joscphi  Banks, 
Baroneti,  &c.,  Auctore  Jona.  Dryandcr,  Londini,  1798- 
1800,  5  vols. 

"  An  e.xcellent  and  admiralrle  arranged  catalogue,  certjiinly  the 
most  comprehensive  of  the  kind  ever  published.  It  contains  a 
collection  of  all  the  articles  in  the  library,  and  is  illustrated  with 
much  curious  and  inipoi-t.ant  information." 

£5  to  £6  have  been  paid  for  this  catalogue  at  public  sales. 

Banks,  P.  W.  Railways  of  Europe  and  America,  Ac. 
Remarks  and  Suggestions  concerning  the  Trial  of  Contro- 
verted Elections,  or  Returns  of  Members  to  serve  iu  Par- 
Ihament,  Lon.,  1838. 

'•  This  pamphlet  adds  one  more  to  the  numerous  proofs  already 
existing,  of  how  much  easier  it  is  to  find  fault  with  the  wnrk  of 
others,  than  to  show  how  things  m.ay  be  done  better:— to  call  the 
Kelbrm  Bill  a  piece  of  most  clumsy  legislation,  than  to  give  any 
reasonable  and  tangible  remedy  for  its  defects." 

Banks,  Robert.     Sermon,  Ps.  cxix.  136,  1700. 

Banks,  Thomas  Christopher,  1760-1854.  Dor- 
mant .and  Extim-tBaron.age  of  England,  from  the  Norman 
Conquest  to  the  Year  1809,  Lon.,  1807-09,  3  vols.  4to. 

"  A  work  of  no  merit.  The  greater  part  of  its  contents  was  co- 
pied from  Dugdale's  Baronage:  but  as  many  of  that  writer's  most 
important  st^itements.  and  all  his  references  to  his  authorities,  ai-e 
omitted,  it  is  of  infinitely  less  value.  The  account  of  titles  created 
since  Dngdale  wrnte.  is  chietly  taken  from  Collins." — Low,\ijfcS. 

Stcmmata  Anglicana,  Lon.,  1825. 

"  The  only  valuable  portion  of  tlie  work  is  that  entitled  Barones 
Erjecti.  being  an  account  of  individuals  who  appear  to  have  held 
the_  rank  of  Barons,  but  who  aie  not  noticed  by  other  writers, 
which  iu  many  instances esllibitfl  proofs  of  considerable  research." 
—ll,irl. 

See  Monthly  Review,  vol.  liv.,  1807.  Mr.  Banks  has 
pub.  several  works  of  a  similar  character  to  the  above. 

Bankton.  Lord  Andrew  McDouall.  Institutes 
of  the  Law  of  Scotland  iu  Civil  Rights,  Ac,  Edin.,  1750. 

Bannantiiie,  James.  Memoirs  of  Col.  Despard, 
1799.     Other  imblieations.  1803-15. 

Bannatyne,l)ugald.  Ess.ay  on  P.dit,  Economy,  1816. 

Bannatyne,  George,  1545-1007,  was  the  compiler 
of  the  celebrated  MS.  Corpus  Pneticum  Scotoruin,  now  in 
the  Advocates'  Library,  Edinburgh.  The  MS.  was  for  a 
long  time  preserved  in  the  family  of  Mrs.  Foulis,  (Banna- 
tyno's  daughter.)  In  1712  it  came  into  the  hands  of  the 
Hem.  Wm.  Carmichael  of  Stirling,  brother  to  the  Earl  of 
Hyndford.  In  1772  it  was  presented  by  the  then  carl  to 
the  Advocates'  Library.  Allen  Ramsey  drew  the  specimens 
in  his  Evergreen  from  this  MS.  Sir  David  Daliymple, 
afterwards  Lord  Hailes,  published  a  selection  from  it  in 
1770,  12mo.  A  reprint,  Leeds,  1815,  200  copies  on  com- 
mon paper,  and  31  on  coloured  paper.  Of  Bannatyne  w« 
know  but  little.     Sir  W.altcr  Scott  remarks,  (Diary,) 

'•  Wrought  upon  an  introductiou  to  the  notices  which  h.ave  been 
recovered  of  George  Bannatyne.  .  .  .  They  are  very  jejune,  these 
same  notices:  a  mere  record  of  matters  of  business,  putting  forth 
and  calling  in  sums  of  money,  and  such  like.  Yet  it  is  a  satisfao- 
tion  to  know  that  this  great  bene£ictor  to  the  literature  of  Scot- 
land had  a  prosperous  life,  and  enjoyed  the  pleasures  of  domestic 
society,  and  in  a  time  peculiarly  perilous  lived  uumolestcd,  and 
died  in  quiet." 

The  Memorials  of  George  Bannatyne,  1545-1008,  edited 
by  Sir  Walter  Scott  and  D.  Laing,  Esq.,  was  pub.  in  1826 : 
it  is  No.  XXXI.  of  the  works  issued  by  the  Bannatyne 
Club.  This  club  was  founded  in  1823  by  Sir  Walter  Scott, 
and  he  regularly  presided  over  its  meetings,  from  1823  to 
1831.  It  consisted  originally  of  only  31  members;  but  aa 
many  persons  of  rank  and  literary  distinction  were  anx- 
ious to  become  connected  with  it,  in  1828  the  number 
was  increased  to  100, 

"  The  Bannatyne  Club  was  a  child  of  his  own,  and  from  first  to 
last  he  took  a  most  fatherly  concern  in  all  its  proceedings.  His 
practic.ll  sense  dictated  a  direction  of  their  funds  widely  different 
from  what  had  been  adopo  .)  t.v  llie  Ibixburghe.  Their  dub-liooks 
already  constitute  a  very  roi  i-oi-  ,iod  valuable  library  of  Scottish 
history  and  antiquities :  tbeii-  exaoqile  has  been  follovved  with  not 
inferior  success  by  the  Maithmd  Club  of  Glasgow — which  was 
soon  afterwards  instituted  on  a  similar  model,  and  of  which,  also. 
Sir  Walter  Scott  was  a  zeJilous  associate: — and  since  his  death  a 
third  chib  of  this  class,  founded  at  Edinbui-gh  in  his  honour,  and 
styled  the  Abbotsford  Club,  has  taken  a  still  wider  range; — not 
confining  their  printing  to  works  connected  with  Scotland,  but 
admitting  all  materials  th.at  can  throw  light  on  the  ancient  histoi-y 
or  liteniture  of  any  country,  anywhere  described  or  discussed  by 
the  author  of  Waverley." — LockharVs  Lif/:  of  .Scott. 

Sir  Walter's  hope  expressed  in  his  Diary — '*  I  hope  the 
Bannatyne  Club  will  be  really  useful  and  creditable," — 
has  been  amply  fulfilled  :  Q.  E.  D.  by  the  list  of  its  pub- 
lications recorded  in  "Hume's  Learned  Societies  and  Print- 
ing Clubs."  We  have  a  noble  specimen  of  its  press  now 
before  us : — the  Catalogue  of  the  Library  at  Abbotsford. 
presented  to  the  President  and  Members  by  Major  Sir 
Walter  Scott,  (December,  1838.)  This  grand  catalogue 
was  compiled  by  that  able  bibliographer,  Mr.  Cochrane, 
of  the  London  Library. 

113 


BAN 


'*  In  some  instances  Sir  Waltor's  MS.  notes  to  the  varions  books 
bave  been  estnieted.  but  there  are  numberless  references  to  his 
works  where  the  books  have  been  used  or  quoted."' 

Think  of  that,  thou  non-possessor,  and  weep!  Thrice 
happy  may  that  man  deem  himself  wlio  can  "  number  in 
his  list"  of  BiBLioaRAPHY  a  copy  of  the  Abbotsford 
Cataloguk!  And  here  we  have  it,  "sub  oculis  mani- 
busque  !" 

Bannatyne,  Richard,  Secretary  to  John  Rnox. 
Journal  of  the  Transactions  in  Scotland  during  the  Con- 
test between  the  Adherents  of  Queen  Mary  and  those  of 
her  son.  in  1570,  71,  72.  73.  Edin.,  1S06. 

Bannatyue,  Sir  Wm.,  1743-1834,  an  eminent  Scot- 
tish lawyer,  one  of  the  founders  of  the  Highland  Society 
of  Scotland,  contributed  some  pieces,  which  have  been 
highly  commended,  to  the  Jlirror  .ind  Lounger. 

Banner,  Rii-hard.     On  Symony.  Lon.,  1716. 

Banner,  Richard.     Music  at  Worcester;  a  Sermon, 

Banncrman,Anne.  Poems,   Ed.  1800.  Tales,  1802. 

Bannister,  Rev.  James.  Translation  from  Euri- 
pides, Lou..  1780.    Pindar.  1791.     Other  works,  1785-1802. 

Bannister,  S.  Reports  of  Judgments  by  Sir  Orlando 
Bridgman,  from  M.  T.,  1060,  to  T.  T.,  1667,  edited  from  the 
Hargrave  IMSS..  Lon.,  1823. 

Bansley,  Charles.  A  Rhyming  Satire  on  the  Prulo 
and  Vices  of  Women  now-a-d.ays.  Black  letter,  commenc- 
ing with 

"  Bo-peep,  what  have  we  spied  ?" 

This  author,  unfortunate  in  having  lived  in  such  evil 
days,  has  affixed  no  date  to  his  ill-natuied  Satire  against 
the  ladies.  Perhaps  he  was  an  unworthy,  and,  therefore, 
justly  rejected,  suitor,  and  revenged  himself  by  this 
wholesale  attack  on  the  sex.  This  is  supposed  to  have 
been  written  c('?-ca  1540. 

Banson,  John.  A  Fast  Sermon,  Lon.,  1730. 
Banvard,  Rev.  Joseph.  Illust.  of  the  Life.  &c. 
of  Danl.  Webster,  N.  York,  16mo.  Plymouth  and  the 
Pilgrims,  16mo.  Novelties  of  the  New  World.  16mo. 
Romance  of  American  History,  16mo.  The  Christian 
Melodist,  l.'^mo. 
Banyer,  Edward.  Sermons,  Lon..  1739-47. 
Banyer,  Henry,  M.D.  Profess.  Works.  Lon.,  1717-40. 
Banyer,  Josiah.  Sermon,  Heb.  xi.  29,  1666. 
Barbaiild,  Anna  Letitia,  1743-1825,  was  born  at 
Kibworth.  Leicester,  whore  her  father,  the  Rev.  John 
Aikin,  LL.D.,  a  Dissenting  minister,  was  master  of  .an  ex- 
cellent academy.  See  the  memoir  of  her  brother.  Dr. 
John  Aikin.  in  this  T(dinne.  She  g.ave  early  indications 
of  uncommon  powers  of  mind,  which  were  cultivated  by 
a  thorough  English  and  classical  education.  In  1773  she 
was  persuaded  to  pulilish  a  volume  of  miscellaneous 
poems,  which  was  so  well  received  that  four  editions  were 
issued  within  the  year.  In  the  same  year  her  brother  and 
herself  published  a  volume  of  Miscellaneous  Pieces  in 
Prose.  In  1774  she  was  married  to  the  Rev.  Rochemont 
Barbauld,  a  Dissenting  minister,  descended  from  a  family 
of  French  Protestants.  The  newly-married  pair  opened  a 
school  at  the  village  of  Palgrave,  and  Mrs.  Barb.auld's 
literary  fame,  and  her  devotion  to  the  duties  of  instruc- 
tion, soon  secured  celebrity  and  success  to  the  academy. 
Her  Early  Lessons  for  Children,  and  Hymns  in  Prose  for 
Chihlren,  proved  useful,  not  only  to  her  own  pupils,  but 
also  to  many  thousands  who  have  lived  to  carry  out  the 
excellent  principles  inculcated  by  these  invaluable  ma- 
nuals for  the  young.  In  1775  appeared  her  Devoticjnal 
Pieces,  composed  from  the  Ps,alms  and  the  Book  of  Job. 

'■  The  author  of  the   thouiihts  prefixed   to   these   Devotion.al 
Pieces  hath  employed  her  .able  aod  masterly  pen  to  show  tliat  a  i 
devotional  spirit  is  not  Ijene.lth  the  attention  of  the  most  culti- 
vated and  pbilosophic.ll  spirits,  or.  in  the  expressive  words  which 
she  h.as  chosen  for  the  motto  of  her  work,  that 

Praiseis  d^votinnfit  for  wuilih/  minds. 
.  .  .  Before  we  take  our  leave'of  "this  inm-ninus  production,  the  j 
author  will  pardon  us  if  we  express  a  wisii  that  she  would  not 
suffer  herself  to  bo  so  enamored  of  David's  harp,  as  entirely  to  lay 
aside  her  own  charming  lyre." — Lon.  Monthly  Review^  1785. 

In  1785  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Barbauld.  finding  repose  neces- 
sary, gave  up  their  school,  and  visited  Switzerl.and  and 
France,  where  they  remained  for  nearly  a  twelvemonth. 
In  1790  Mrs.  Barbauld  published  A  Poetical  Epistle  to 
Mr.  Wilbcrforce,  on  the  Rejection  of  the  Bill  for  Abolish- 
ing the  Slave  Trade.  In  1792  appeared  Remarks  on  Gil- 
bert AVakefield's  Inquiry  into  the  Expediency  and  Proprie- 
ty of  Public  and  Social  Worship. 

Evenings  at  Homo,  the  joint  production  of  Mrs.  Bar- 
bauld and  her  brother,  Dr.  .John  Aikin,  was  commenced 
Lu  1792.  and  completed  in  1795.  in  6  vols.     In  this  cxcel- 
lynt  work  Mrs.  Barbauld's  share  was  not  considerable.     It 
114 


B.\R 

is  said  that  not  more  than  one-twelfth  of  the  whole  was 
contributed  by  her  pen.  See  more  respecting  Evenings 
at  Home  in  memoir  of  Dr.  John  Aikin. 

In  1802  Jlr.  Barbauld  became  pastor  of  a  congregation 
at  Newington-Green,  and  a  resident  of  the  village  of 
Stoke-Newington.  Mrs.  Barbauld  pub.,  in  1804,  Selec- 
tions from  the  Spectator,  Tatler,  Guardian,  and  Free- 
holder.  In  the  same  year  she  contributed  a  Life  of  Samuel 
Richardson  to  his  Correspondence.  In  1808  she  was 
caUed  to  mourn  the  death  of  her  husband,  who  had  given 
up  the  e.xercisc  of  his  ministerial  duties  two  years  previ- 
ously. In  1810  she  edited  a  series  of  the  British  Novel- 
ists, pub.  in  50  vols.  The  Female  Spectator  appeared  in 
1811;  anil  in  the  next  year  was  pub.  Eighteen  Huud.-ed 
and  Eleven,  a  Poem  of  a  political  character,  and  any 
thing  but  cheerful  in  its  tone. 

This  excellent  lady  lived  to  the  advanced  age  of  82.  An 
edition  of  her  works  was  published  in  two  volumes  after 
her  death,  with  a  memoir  of  the  authoress,  by  her  niece 
Lucy,  daughter  of  Dr.  John  Aikin,  herself  a  writer  of 
considerable  note.  Mrs.  Barbauld's  imitation  of  Dr. 
Johnson,  in  her  Essays  on  Romance,  was  thus  noticed  by 
the  doctor  himself: 
i  '"The  imitators  of  my  style  h.ave  not  hit  it.  Miss  Aikin  has 
I  done  it  the  best;  far  she  h.a5  imitated  the  sentiments  as  well  as 
the  diction." — BoswdCs  Life  of  Johnson. 

We  find  another  reference  by  the  Doctor  to  Miss  Aikin  : 

"Too  much  is  expected  from  precocity,  and  too  little  perflirnied. 

Miss  Aikin  was  an  instance  of  early  cultivation,  but  iu  what  did 

it  terminate  ?     In  marrviuj;  a  little  Preshyterlau  parson,  who  keeps 

an  intant  l)oarding-.school.  so  tliat  all  hci-  employment  now  is 

'  To  suckle  fools,  and  chronicle  small  beer.' 
She  tells  the  children,  ■  Tliis  is  a  cat.  and  that  is  a  dog,  with  four 
legs  and  a  tjul :  see  there !  you  are  much  tietter  than  a  cat  or  a  dog, 
for  you  can  speak.'  If  I  had  Iwstowed  such  an  education  on  a 
daughter,  and  had  discovered  that  she  thought  of  marrying  such 
a  fellow.  I  would  have  sent  her  to  the  Congress.'' 

Nemo  mortaUum  omnibus  horis  mpxt  :  and  this  is  one  of 
the  many  very  foolish  speeches  of  a  very  wise  man.  Could 
the  highly-educated  young  lady  have  Iicen  better  eniploycd 
than  in  promoting  the  mental,  moral,  and  religious  im- 
provement of  those  who  were  in  a  few  years  to  influence 
society  so  greatly  for  good  or  for  evil? 

"  Her  earliest  pieces,  as  well  as  her  more  recent  ones,  exhibit  in 
their  im.agery  and  allusions  the  fruits  of  extensive  and  varied 
reading.  ^In  youth  the  power  of  her  im.agination  was  counter- 
balanced by  the  activity  of  her  intellect,  which  exercised  itself  in 
rapid  but  not  nnprofitable  excursions  over  almost  every  field  of 
knowledge.  In  age.  when  this  activity  abated,  unagination  ap- 
peared to  exert  over  her  an  undiminished  sway," — Lucy  Aikin. 

"To  claim  for  Mrs.  Barbauld  the  praise  of  purity  and  elevation 
of  mind,  misht  well  apjx-ar  superfluous.  She  is  decidedly  one  of 
the  most  eminent  fem.ale  writers  which  England  has  produced: 
and  both  in  prose  and  poetry  she  takes  the  highest  rank.  Her 
prose  style  is  easy  .and  graceful,  alike  calculated  to  engage  the  most 
common  and  the  most  elevated  understanding." — C.  B.  Cleveland. 
Of  her  songs,  Charles  James  Fox  is  said  to  have  been  a 
warm  admirer. 

"  The  moral  qualities  of  this  admir.able  woman  reflected  lack  a 
double  lustre  on  her  intellectmal  endowments.  Her  principles  were 
pure  and  exalted,  her  sentiments  on  all  occasions  mild,  candid, 
and  generous.  ,  ,  ,  Iler  society  was  equally  a  benefit  and  a  de- 
light to  .all  within  her  sphere.  She  possessed  many  and  warm 
friends,  and  p.assed  through  a  long  life  without  an  enemy,"— ion, 
Gent.  Maq..K2b.  ,.„_ 

Barber.    Book  of  Psalm  Tunes,  in  four  parts,  1687. 
Barber,  Capt.     Military  Treati-ses,  1804-05. 
Barber,  Ed.     Treatise  of  Baptism,  Lon.,  1641. 
Barber,  Elizabeth  G.     See  Barber,  John  W. 
Barber,  J.  T.     A  Tour  throughout  South  Wales  and 
Monmouthshire.  Ac,  with  a  M.ap  and  20  Views.      This 
work,  although  chiefly  picturesque,  describes  the  manners 
of  the  people. 

Barber,  Jas.  The  Navy  the  Sole  Defence  of  Ihe 
Nation  ;  a  Sermon  on  Ps.  cvii.  23.  24.  1735. 

Barber,  John,  of  All  Sonls'C.dlege.  Oxford,  graduated 
doctor  of  civil  law  in  1532.  Ho  resided  witli,  and  was 
greatly  esteemed  by,  Archbishop  Cranmer.  He  contributed 
to  the  compilation  of  The  Necessary  Doctrine  and  Erudi- 
tion of  a  Christian  Man. 

Barber,  John  W.,  born  1798,  at  Windsor,  Conn. 
History  and  Antiquities  of  New  Haven,  12mo,  1831.  _  Re- 
ligious Events  from  the  Commencement  of  the  Christian 
Era,  12mo.  1832.  Connecticut  Historical  Collections,  8vo, 
1830;  of  this  work  sever.al  editions  have  been  issued. 
M.assachusetts  Historical  Collections,  8vo,  1S39.  Incidents 
in  American  History,  12mo,  1847.  Elements  of  General 
History,  16mo,  1844.  Religious  Emblems  .and  Allegories, 
12mo,  1848.  European  Historical  Collections,  8vo,  1855. 
In  connection  with  H.  Howe.  New  York  Historical  Collec- 
tions, 8vo,  1841.  New  Jersey  Historical  Collections,  8vo, 
1844.  In  connection  with  Elizalietli  G.  Barber,  Historical, 
Poetical,  and  Pictorial  American  Scenes,  12mo,  1850. 


BAR 

Barber,  Joseph.  Six  Sermons  on  Regeneration, 
1770.  Sermon  on  the  death  of  the  Rev.  N.  Trottman, 
Lou.,  1793. 

Barber,  Mary,  1712  ?-1757,  one  of  Dean  Swift's  lite- 
rary friends,  pub.  a  volume  of  Poems,  1731,  4to,  under  the 
patronage  of  Lord  Orrery  and  the  Dean. 
"  Thi?y  are  moral,  aud  not  im-lefiant." 

Barber,  Wm.  Farm  Buildings  and  Rural  Economy, 
Lon.,  1805,  etc.       See  Don.iMson'e  Agricult.  Biog. 

Barbier,  J.  The  Famous  Game  of  Chesse  Play, 
Lon.,  1672.  ' 

"  A  tre-itise  of  no  merit." — Lowndes. 

Barbier,  John.  Liturgy,  a  most  divine  Service,  in 
answer  to  a  late  pamphlet  against  it;  also  twelve  Argu- 
ments against  Bishops  are  clearly  answered.  O.ff.,  1663. 
Barbon,  Nicholas.  A  work  on  Coining,  Lou.,  1696. 
Barbot,  John.  A  Description  of  the  Coasts  of  North 
and  South  Guinea,  and  of  Ethiopia  Inferior,  vulgarly  called 
Angoha.      See  Churchill's  Voyages,  vol.  v.  p.  1. 

Barbonr,  Barber,  Barbere,  or  Barbar,  John, 
Archdeacon  of  Aberdeen,  d.  139(),  is  one  of  the  earliest 
Scottish  poets  and  histori.ans.  The  date  (1316-20-26-30  ?) 
and  place  of  his  birth  are  involved  in  obscurity  :  both  have 
excited  much  controversy:  (see  the  dissertations  of  Irving, 
Pinkerton,  Henry,  Jamieson,  W.arton,  Lord  Hailes,  &c.) 
The  only  production  of  his  extant  may  be  entitled  a  na- 
tional work :  it  is  called  The  Bruce,  and  is  a  metrical 
chronicle  of  the  warlike  deeds  of  Robert  the  First  (1306- 
1329)  in  his  eflorts  for  the  iudepeudence  of  his  beloved 
country.  Dr.  Henry  is  of  opinion  that  this  work  was  un- 
dertaken at  the  reque.st  of  David  II.,  the  son  and  successor 
of  Barbour's  hero;  but  of  this  we  have  no  evidence.  Bar- 
bour appears  to  have  composed  another  book,  most  probably 
in  rhyme,  in  which  a  genealogical  history  of  the  Kings  of 
Scotland  was  set  forth,  and  their  origin  deduced  from  the 
Trojan  Colony  of  Brutus.  To  this  work,  apparently  the 
same  which  is  quoted  by  the  Prior  of  Lochleven,  linder 
the  title  of  the  Brute,  we  find  references  in  Winton's 
Chronicle  : 

"  Fra  quhara  Barhere  sutely 
Has  made  a  propyr  Genealogy, 
Tyl  Kobert  oure  secowud  kyng, 
That  Scotland  had  in  governyng. 
"  Of  Bruttus  lyneage  quha  wyll  her. 
He  luk  the  tretis  of  Barbere, 
Blad  in-tyl  a  Genealogy 
Rycht  wele,  and  mare  perfytly 
Than  I  can  on  ony  wys 
Wytht  all  my  wyt  to  yowe  dewys." 
Wnton's  Chrmyl-a  of  Scotland;  quoted  hy  Dr.  Irvinq  in  Encyc 
Brit. :  see  this  article. 

Editions  of  The  Bruce  were  pub.  in  1616,  1618,  1655, 
1670,  1671,  1672,  1737,  1758,  Ac,  in  all,  it  is  said,  20  edi- 
tions have  been  pub.  in  Scotland  since  1616.  In  1790  Mr. 
Pinkerton  pub.  an  edition  in  3  vols.;  and  in  1820  Dr. 
Jamieson  pub.  one  in  2  vols.,  with  a  Life  of  the  Author 
prefixed.  Warton  notices  Barbour  and  Henry  the  iVIinstrel 
in  these  terms : 

"  Although  this  work  is  professedly  confined  to  England  yet  I 
cannot  p.^ss  over  two  Scotch  poets  of  this  period,  who  h.iTe  adorned 
the  English  langu,age  by  a  strain  of  versification,  e.xpression,  and 
poetiial  imagery  &r  superior  to  their  age ;  and  who,  consequently, 
deserve  to  be  mentioned  in  a  general  review  of  the  progress  of  our 
national  poetiy."— ifiirtory  of  English  Poetry,  vol.  ii. 

The  historian  h.ad  some  claim  to  include  Barbour  in  his 
worthies,  as  his  is  one  of  the  eminent  names  th.at  adorn 
the  proud  scroll  of  Oxford.  In  1357  a  safe-conduct  was 
granted  by  Edward  III.  of  England,  by  request  of  David 
II.  of  Scotland,  to  "John  Barber,  Archdeacon  of  Aber- 
deen, with  three  scholars  in  his  company,  coming  [into 
England]  in  order  to  study  in  the  University  of  Oxford, 
and  perform  his  scholastic  exercises."  We  nee"d  not  inform 
the  scholar  conversant  with  literary  history,  that  it  is  still 
a  mooted  point  what  we  are  to  understand  by  this  phrase- 
ology :  our  own  opinion  is  that  the  safe-eoiiduot  of  1357 
can  bo  easily  interpreted  by  the  aid  of  a  similar  document 
of  1364,  and  the  one  which  refers  to  France,  dated  1368. 
But  we  have  no  space  for  the  discussion  of  "  mooted  points ;" 
therefore  must  hasten  on. 

"Barbour  seems  to  have  been  acquainted  with  those  finer  springs 
ot  the  human  heart  which  elude  vulgar  observation:  he  catches 
the  shades  of  character  with  a  delicate  eye,  and  sometimes  pre- 
sents us  with  instances  of  nice  discrimination.  His  work  is  not 
a  mere  narrative  of  events ;  it  contains  specimens  of  that  minute 
and  skilful  delineation  which  marks  the  hand  of  a  poet  "—Dr  Ir- 
nng's  Lives  of  the  Scottish  Poets. 

IMr.  Pinkerton  speaks  of  Barbour  in  no  measured  terms 
of  commendation  : 

"Perhaps  the  editor  m.ay  be  accused  of  nationality,  when  he 
says,  that,  t.aking  the  total  merits  of  this  work  together,  he  prefers 
It  to  the  early  exertions  of  even  the  Italian  muse,  to  the  mekan- 
choly  subUmity  of  Dante,  and  the  amorous  quaintnessof  Petrarca, 


BAR 

as  much  as  M.  Le  Grand  does  n  fabliau  to  a  Provencal  ditty.  Here 
indeed  the  reader  will  find  few  of  the  graces  of  fine  poetry,  little 
of  the  attic  dress  of  the  muse ;  hut  here  are  life  and  spirit,  and 
ease  and  plain  sense,  and  pictures  of  real  manners,  and  pei-petu.al 
incident  and  entertainment.  The  language  is  remarkably  good 
for  the  time,  and  far  superior  in  neatness  and  elegance  even  to  that 
of  Gawin  Douglass,  who  wrote  more  than  a  century  after  "—Pre- 
face to  Barbour. 

With  regard  to  the  language  of  The  Bruce,  it  is  cer- 
tainly "  very  remark.able  that  Barbour,  who  was  contem- 
porary with  Gower  and  Ch.aucer,  is  more  intelligible  to  a 
modern  reader  than  either  of  these  English  poets." 

"  Our  archdeacon  was  not  only  famous  for  his  extensive  know- 
ledge in  the  philosophy  and  divinity  of  those  times,  but  still  mora 
admired  for  his  admirable  genius  for  English  poetry :  in  which  he 
composed  a  history  of  the  life  and  glorious  actions  of  Kobert  Bruce. . . 
A  work  not  only  remarkable  for  a  copious  circumstantial  detail  of 
the  exploits  of  that  illustrious  prince,  and  his  liivave  companions 
in  arms,  Randolff,  Earl  of  Moray,  and  the  Lord  James  Douglass 
but  also  for  the  beauty  of  its  style,  which  is  not  inferior  to  that 
of  his  contemporary,  Cha.ueer."— Henry's  History  of  Great  Britain : 
Mackenzie's  Lives. 

Dr.  Nott,  also,  speaks  of  the  resemblance  to  Cliaucer: 

"  He  had  given  to  his  countrymen  a  fine  example  of  the  simple 

energetic  style,  which  resembled  Chaucer's  best  manner,  and 

wanted  little  to  make  it  the  genuine  language  of  poetry."— i'Jss 

OK  tlu!  State  of  English  Retry,  <S:c. 

But  Mr.  Spalding  does  not  set  quite  so  high  an  estimate 
on  the  Archdeacon's  poetry  : 

"  If  we  were  \a  compare  it  with  the  contemponary  poetry  of  Eng- 
land, its  pl.-ice  would  be  very  high ;  Chaucer  being  set  aside  as 
unapproachable.  Barbour  must  be  pronounced  much  superior  to 
Gower.  and  still  more  so  to  the  anonymous  writers  of  the  very 
best  of  the  metrical  romances."— i/(s(orj(  of  English  Litrratwe. 

"  Sir  Walter  Scott,  whose  '  Lord  of  the  Isles'  owes  much  to  '  The 
Bruce,'  and  might  profitably  be  compared  with  it.  has  not  forgot- 
ten one  of  the  finest  of  those  passages  in  which  we  are  told  how 
the  king,  pursued  by  a  superior  force,  ordered  his  band  to  turn 
and  fiiee  the  enemy,  rather  than  abandon  to  them  a  poor  woman 
who  had  been  seized  with  illness." — Ibid. 

See  a  letter  from  Su-  Walter  Scott  to  George  Ellis,  May 
26,  1805 :  s  .        j- 

"  If  you  will  turn  to  Barbour's  Bruce,  (Pinkerton's  edition,  p.  66.) 
you  will  find  that  the  Lord  of  Lorn,  seeing  Bruce  covering  the  it- 
trent  of  his  followers,  compares  him  to  Gow  Mac  Morn,  (Macpher- 
son's  Gaul,  the  son  of  Mnmi.)  This  similitude  appears  to  Barbour 
a  disparagement."— iocA/iarCi  Life  of  Scott. 

Barbour,  Oliver  Lorenzo,  born  1811  in  Wa.sh;ng- 
ton  CO.,  N.  Y.  1.  Equity  Digest,  embracing  English,  Irish, 
and  American  Reports,  4  vols.  Svo.  1836-41. 

"  To  the  student  and  piiictitioner  in  Chancery  this  book  will  be 
a  valuable,  and  almost  necessary,  key  to  the  multitudinous  deci- 
sions in  Chancery  which  are  scattered  throughout  upwards  of  300 
vols,  of  American  Reports."— j|»i.Ji4ns(,  vol.  17,  p.  36li. 

2.  CoUyer  on  Partnership,  edited  with  notes  and  refer- 
ences to  receut  decisions,  1838.  3.  Chitty  on  Bills,  edited 
with  notes  and  references  to  recent  decisions,  2d  ed.,  1841. 
4.  Criminal  Law ;  A  Treatise  on  Criminal  Law,  and  on  the 
Jurisdiction,  Duty,  .and  Authority  of  Justices  of  the  Peace, 
and  the  Power  and  Duty  of  Sheriffs,  Constables,  Ac.  in 
Criminal  Cases,  Svo,  2d  ed.,  1852. 

"  We  heartily  recommend  it  to  the  profession,  to  magistrates,  to 
District  Attorneys,  and  to  all  those  who  are  desirous  of  becoming 
familiar  with  Cruninal  Law."— 10  Legal  Observer,  p.  224. 

5.  A  Treatise  on  the  Law  of  Set-off,  1841.     6.  A  Trea- 
tise on  the  Practice  of  the  Court  of  Chancery,  2  vols.,  1843. 
"  The  work  of  Mr  Barbour  on  Chancery  Practice  appears  to  me 
entitled  to  high  .ipprohation  for  its  completeness,  accmacy,  and 
clear  method." — Judge  Story. 

7.  Reports  of  Cases  decided  in  the  Court  of  Chancery 
of  the  State  of  New  York,  3  vols.,  1847-49. 

"The  Reports  of  Mr.  Barbour,  both  in  Law  and  Equity,  sustain 
a  high  rank  in  Legjil  Bibliography." — 2  Latv  Reporter,  JV.  S.,  271. 

"  The  precision  aud  neatness  w'hich  characterize  these  Reports 
are  worthy  the  author  of  one  of  the  best  works  on  Chancery  Prac- 
tice which  has  been  written  in  this  country." — Pennsylvania  Law 
Joumul. 

8.  Reports  of  Cases  decided  in  the  Supreme  Court  of 
the  State  of  New  York,  IS  vols.,  1848-54. 

_  "  The  selection  of  the  cases  appears  most  judicious :  the  prepara- 
tion of  the  points,  or  head-notes,  to  each  case,  exhibits  a  combina- 
tion of  care  and  skill;  and  the  Siune  may  be  said  of  the  index, 
which  is  SO  full  and  complete,  th.at  a  reference  to  any  of  the  points 
decided  is  a  matter  of  easy  .attainmeut.'' — Code  Beporier.Aug.,  1849. 

"  The  way  in  which  these  cases  have  been  reported  by  Mr-  I3ar- 
bour  reflects  great  credit  upon  him." — S  Legal  Observer,  p.  240. 

Barbour,  Robt.    An  Es.sny  on  Weaving,  Glasg.,  ]  759. 

Barbut,  Jas.  Genera  Insectorum  of  Linu[ens,  Lon  . 
1781.  ' 

"  Indispensable  to  the  student  in  Linnsan  Entomology  " ■ 

Hawoeth.  "''' 

Genera  Vermium,  Lon.,  1783-88. 

Barchnam  er  Barkham,  John,  1572-1642,  a  di- 
vine and  antiquary,  admitted  of  Exeter  College,  Oxf.,  1687 

"  W.'is  a  person  very  skilful  in  divers  tongues,  a  curious  critic,  a 
noted  antiquary,  especially  in  the  knowledge  of  coins,  an  exact  Uis- 
tonan.  Herald,  and.  as  'tis  said,  an  able  Th'eologist."— ylW/ra.  Oxon 

He  wrote  the  Lives  of  Kings  Henry  II.  and  John,  in 

115 


BAR 


BAR 


Speed's  History  of  England;  and  was  author  of  a  Pre-  j 
face  to  Crakanthorpe's  Defensio  Ecclesia?  Anglicanie,  Lou., 
1625.  But  the  most  remarkable  fact  in  his  literary  history 
is  his  authorship  of  The  Display  of  Heraldry,  Lon.,  1010, 
bearing  the  name  of  John  Gnillim.  Anthony  Wood,  after 
remarking  that  this  Itook  was  ''  much  used  by  Novices, 
and  the  best  iu  that  kind  that  ever  befure  was  published," 
proceeds — 

"  This  book  being  mostly  composed  in  his  younger  years,  he 
deemi^d  it  too  light  a  subjert  for  him  to  own,  heing  then  (when 
put'lished)  a  grave  Divine,  Chapl.  to  an  Archbishop,  and  not  un- 
likely a  Dean.  Whereupon,  being  well  acriuainted  with  JohnGuil- 
lim,  au  (Ifficer  of  Arms,  he  tiave  him  the  copy,  who,  adding  some 
trivial  things  to  it,  published  it,  with  leave  from  the  author,  un- 
der his  own  name,  and  it  goeth  to  this  day  imder  the  name  of 
Guillim's  Heraldry.  He  also  wrote  a  book  roncerning  coins  in  MS.. 
but  where  it  is  now  I  know  not.  Sure  I  am  that  he  had  the  best 
Collection  of  Coins  of  any  Clergyman  in  England,  which  being 
given  by  him  to  Dr.  Laud,  Archb.  of  Cant.,  (who  much  desired 
them,)  they  came  soon  after,  by  his  gift,  to  IJodley's  Library,  and 
are  at  this  day  reposed  in  the  Gallery  adjoining." — Athcn.  Oxon. 
Fuller  also  refers  to  his  coin-collecting  propensity: 
"  lie  was  a  greater  lover  of  coins  than  of  money ;  rather  curious 
in  the  stamps  than  covetous  for  the  metal  thereof." — Winihies. 

Barckley,  Sir  Richard.  Discourse  of  the  Felicitie 
of  Man,  or  his  Summum  Bonum,  Lon.,  1598;  reprinted 
1603,  1631. 

"  A  garner  filliMl  with  the  most  amusing  and  best  histories  and 
little  narrations.  toM  in  thn  author's  own  words,  and  occasionally 
enlarged,  but  iu  pTfttf  keeping  and  consistency.  ...  It  pui-ports 
to  be  an  etbiial  tre;iti^e  on  human  happiness,  consisting  of  sis 
books.  In  thi'  liist.  tbe  author  offers  to  prove,  and  by  example  to 
show,  that  feliriiy  cim^ists  not  in  pleasure: — in  the  second,  not 
in  riches; — in  the  tliird,  not  in  honour  and  glory; — in  the  fourth, 
not  in  moral  virtue,  after  the  academicks  and  peripato ticks,  nor  in 
philosophical  contemplation; — in  the  fifth,  he  declares  his  own 
opinion  of  the  happiness  of  this  life; — and  in  the  sixth,  he  shows 
wherein  consists  the  true  felicity  and  .Summum  Bnmim  of  man, 
and  the  way  to  attain  it." — JMrospective  Ifevinv,  vol.  i.  271.  Kead 
this  interesting  article,  which  contains  extracts. 

The  good  knight,  after  considering  the  disappointment 
to  which  those  are  subjected  who  are  still  anxiously  in- 
quiring— "'who  will  shojv  us  any  good?" — comes  to  aeon- 
elusion  which  we  trust  each  one  of  our  readers  will  endorse. 
"To  worship  and  glorifieGod  in  this  life,  that  we  may  be  joined 
tobimin  the  world  to  come,  is  our  beatitude,  or  Smnmiivi  B"nnm y 
Barclay,  Barcley,  Barklay,  or  de  Barklay, 
Alexander,  d.  1552,  at  an  advanced  ago,  is  supposo'l  by 
Wood  to  have  been  a  native  of  Somersetshire,  or  its  vici- 
nity; Warton  assigns  him  to  Oloucester-shire,  or  Devon- 
shire ;  Bale  and  Pits  are  (if  opinion  that  he  was  from  north 
of  the  Tweed,  and  Dr.  BuUeyn  deulares  he  was  a  Scotch- 
man. In  1495  we  find  him  of  Oriel  College,  Oxford.  He 
was  first  a  priest  of  the  college  of  St.  Mary  Ottery,  in  De- 
vonshire ;  secondly,  of  the  order  of  St.  Benedict :  thirdly,  of 
the  order  of  St.  Francis.  After  the  dissolution  of  the  monas- 
tery of  Ely,  he  became  vicar  of  Wokey,  in  Somersetshire,  was 
afterwards  translated  to  Baddow  Magna  in  Essex ;  and  last- 
ly was  presented  to  the  vicarage  of  All  Saints,  Lombard 
Street,  on  April  30, 1552  ;  a  few  weeks  after  which,  he  died. 
The  principal  work  in  which  Barclay  was  concerned  is 
one  the  very  mention  of  which  excites  the  enthusiasm  of  the 
true  Bibliomaniac.  It  is  entitled  The  Shvp  of  Folys  of 
THE  WoRLDE,  and  was  printed  by  Pynson,  in  1509.  It 
is  founded  upon  the  original  work  of  this  name,  of  Sebas- 
tian Brandt — a  German  satire  upon  the  follies  of  all  ranks 
— and  upon  the  French  and  Latin  translation  thereof. 
Barclay's  poem  is  in  the  balade,  or  octave,  stanza:  we  give 
an  extract  which  is  as  severe  a  satire  on  the  ignorant  book- 
collector  as  the  invective  of  Lucian,  or  the  humour  of 
La  Bruyere : 

The  First  Fool  in  the  Ship  is  the  Ignorant  Bookworm  : 
(loquitur:) 

"  Lo  in  likewise  of  Bookes  I  have  store. 
But  few  I  reade.  and  fewer  understiiude ; 
I  folowe  not  their  doctrine,  nor  their  lore, 
It  is  enough  to  bear  a  booke  in  hande: 
It  were  too  much  to  be  in  such  a  lande. 
For  to  be  boundo  to  loke  within  the  booke : 
I  am  content  on  the  fayre  coveryng  to  looke.  .  .  . 
"  Still  am  I  busy  bookes  assembling, 
For  to  have  plentie  it  is  a  pleasaiint  thing, 
In  my  conceyt  to  have  them  ay  in  hand; 
But  what  they  me.aue  do  I  not  understande. 
*'  But  yet  I  have  them  iu  great  reverence 
And  honour,  saving  them  from  tilth  and  Ordure; 
By  oft«n  brushing  and  mucli  diligence : 
Full  goodly  bouude  in  pleasaunt  coverture 
Of  dames,  sattin,  orels  of  velvet  pure: 
I  keepe  thom  sure  fearing  lest  they  should  be  lost, 
For  in  them  is  the  cunning  whereiii  I  me  boast. 
"  But  if  it  fortune  that  any  learned  man 
Within  my  house  fiiW  to  disputation, 
I  drawe  the  curtaynes  to  shewe  my  bokes  then, 
That  they  of  my  cunning  should  make  probation: 
T  love  not  to  tall  in  alterication  : 
116 


And  while  the  common,  my  bookes  I  turne  and  winde, 
For  all  is  in  them,  and  nothing  in  my  rainde." — Warton^s 
History  of  Eng,  Bxiry ;  which  see  for  a  copious  account  of  Bai- 
clay's  writings. 

'"'There  are  few  books  more  interesting  to  the  collector,  thau 
editions  of  the  Shyp  of  FoLTs,  of  which  Pynson's  has  the  dis- 
tinguished honour  of  being  the  parent  impression  in  our  own. 
country." 

Vide  Dibdin's  edition  of  Ames,  vol.  ii.  p.  431,  where  will 
be  found  a  particular  description  of  this  rare  volume,  with 
Bpecimens  of  the  curious  engravings  on  wood. 

•'All  ancient  satirical  writings,  even  those  of  an  inferior  cast, 
have  their  merit,  and  deserve  attention,  as  they  transmit  pictures 
of  familiar  manners,  and  preserve  popular  customs.  In  this  light, 
at  least,  Barclay's  Sbii>  of  Fool'^,  which  is  a  general  satire  on  tbe 
times,  will  bo  found  entn  taining.  Nor  must  it  be  denied,  that  his 
language  is  more  cultivated  than  that  of  many  of  his  contempora- 
ries, an'd  that  he  contributed  bis  share  to  the  improvement  of  the 
English  phraseology.  His  author.  Sebastian  Brandt,  appears  to 
have  been  a  man  of  universal  erudition,  and  his  work,  for  the 
most  part,  is  a  tissue  of  citations  from  the  ancient  poets  and  his- 
torians."—Warton. 

Barclay's  abilities  gained  him  great  distinction,  even  in 
his  life-time  : 

"  He  was  admired  for  bis  wit  and  eloquence,  and  for  a  fluency 
of  style  not  common  iu  that  age.  This  recommended  him  to  many 
noble  patrons.  .  .  .  That  he  was  a  polite  writer,  a  great  refiner  of 
the  English  tongue,  and  left  behind  him  many  testimonies  of  his 
wit  and  learning,  cannot  be  denied." 

Bale  treats  his  memory  with  great  indignity,  but  Pits 
assures  us  that  he  was  devoted  to  the  promotion  of  religion 
and  to  personal  improvement.  The  Soyp  of  Folys,  espe- 
cially Pynson's  edition,  1509,  is  a  very  rare  work.  A  copy 
in  the  Cibl.  Anglo-Poet,  is  priced  XlHo;  Cawood's  edition, 
1570,  £12  12*.  De  Worde  printed  an  edition  in  151T, 
translated  by  II.  Watson  into  prose. 

A  Ryght  fruteful  treatyse  intituled  the  Myrrour  of  good 
Maners.  This  is  sine  atmo  ;  printed  by  Pynson.  It  is  a 
translation  of  a  poem  by  Mancini,  entitled  De  Quatucr 
Virtutibus.  His  Egloges  were  printed  by  Pyuson,  sine 
anito. 

"  Our  author's  Egloges,  I  believe,  are  the  first  that  appeared  iu 
the  English  language.  They  are,  like  Petrarch's  aud  Mautuan's, 
of  the  moral  and  s.atirical  kind,  and  contain  but  few  touches  of 
rural  description  and  bucolic  imagery." — Warton. 

For  further  notices  of  Barclay's  works,  see  Dibdin's 
Ames's;  Ellis's  Specimens;  Warton's  History  of  English 
Poetry,  ttc. 

Barclay,  David.     Emancipation  in  Jamaica,  1801. 
Barclay,  Geo.    Vindic.  of  the  Bp.  of  Edin.,  1712. 
Barclay,  II.     The  Law  of  the   Road,  Glasg.,  1836. 
This  treatise  contains  the  statutes  and  abstracts  of  the  de- 
cisions of  the  courts  in  Scotland  and  England,  relative  to 
highways. 

"■  We  can  safely  recommend  this  volume  as  displaying  a  com- 
bination of  much  accuracy  aud  research,  with  a  thorough  know- 
ledge of  the  subject." — 2  Edin.  Law  JourimU  523. 

A  Treatise  on  the  Law  and  Practice  in  Applications 
against  Debtors,  as  in  meditatione  futfce,  Edin.,  1832. 

"  This  small  aud  unpretending  work  will  be  found  of  great  uti- 
lity. It  contains  all  that  is  materially  importaut  on  the  subject, 
aud  there  is  no  class  of  persons,  whether  magistrates,  agents,  or 
creditors,  by  whom  it  may  not  be  consulted  with  profit  and  ad- 
vantage."    Vide  2  Biin.  Laio  Journal,  2GC. 

Barclay,  Henry,  D.D.,  d.  1765,  an  Episcopal  cler- 
gyman in  New  York,  graduated  at  Yale  College  in  1734 : 
he  was  ordained  in  England,  and  appointed  missionary  to 
the  Mohawk  Indians.  Subsei|uently  he  was  Hector  of 
Trinity  Chui-ch,  New  York,  which  office  he  held  until  his 
death.  In  conjunction  with  Rev.  W.  Andrews  and  J. 
Ogilvie,  he  superintended  the  translation  of  the  Liturgy 
into  the  Mohawk  language.  This  translation  was  printed 
in  1760. 

Barclay,  Jas.     Educational  works,  Edin.,  1743-58. 
Barclay,  Jas.  Sermons.  1763-1777.  A  Complete  and 
Universal  English  Dictionary,  1774, 

Barclay,  John,  1582-1621.  son  of  William  Barclay 
of  Aberdeenshire,  was  born  at  Pont-a-Mousson.  He  was 
educated  at  the  college  of  the  Jesuits  of  iiis  Uittivc  place, 
and  made  such  progress  in  his  studies,  that  at  the  age  of 
nineteen  he  is  said  to  have  published  notes  on  the  Thobais 
of  Statins.  He  makes  no  secret  of  his  thirst  for  distinction  : 
*•  I  had  no  sooner  left  school  than  the  juvenile  desire  of  fame  in- 
cited me  to  attack  the  whole  world,  rather  with  a  view  of  promot- 
ing my  own  reputation,  than  of  dishonouring  individuals.'' — Pie- 
face  to  the  Apolor/i/  for  Euphorminn. 

In  1605  he  visited  England,  where  he  remained  about  a 
year.  Subsequently  he  resided  there  for  several  years. 
Upon  the  death  of  his  father,  in  1606,  he  went  to  Paris, 
where  he  married  Louisa  Debonnaire.  His  latter  years 
were  spent  in  Rome,  amidst  his  books  and  flowers,  dis- 
playing more  wisdom  in  the  Bibliomania  than  in  the 
Tulip-mania,  of  which  last  disease  he  is  supposed  to  have 
been  one  of  the  first  victims.     In  his  Euphormion  he  had 


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pronounced  the  plant  "  Golden  Kod"  to  be  a  specific  for 
the  stone,  yet  of  this  painful  complaint  he  died  in  1621. 

In  1604  he  pub.  the  first  part  of  his  Latin  satire,  Eu- 
phormion ;  the  second  part  was  pub.  at  Paris,  and  a  com- 
plete edition  at  Amsterdam  in  1629.  This  satire  made  so 
many  enemies,  that  in  1610  he  pub.  his  Apology  for  Eu- 
phormion.     (See  extract  from  the  preface  above.) 

His  account  of  the  Gunpowder  Plot  (Barclay  was  always 
a  zealous  son  of  the  Church  of  Rome)  was  pub.  in  18()6. 
For  some  verses  referring  to  his  poverty  whilst  in  Eng- 
land, see  Delit.  Poet.  Scot.,  i.  93-100.  In  1611  he  pub.  hig 
father's  work,  Do  Potestate  Papa?,  a  curious  production 
for  an  adherent  of  the  Church  of  Rome;  as  it  lays  down 
the  positions,  1.  That  the  pope  has  no  power  direct  or  in- 
direct over  sovereigns  in  temporals.  2.  That  they  who 
allow  him  any  such  power,  whatever  they  may  intend,  do 
very  great  prejudice  to  the  Roman  Catholic  religion. 
This  work  was  attacketl  by  Cardinal  Bellarmin,  to  whom 
Barclay  responded  in  his  ,T.  Barel.ay  Pietas,  i-c,  Paris, 
1612.  Ho  afterwards  repeutcd  having  written  this  work, 
as  it  displeased  many  of  his  own  faith,  and  gratified  those 
whom  he  esteemeil  heretics.  As  some  reparation,  it  is  sup- 
po.sed,  he  pub.  in  1617  Paraenensis  ad  Sectaries. 
^  His  Icon  Animarum  was  pub.  in  1614.  It  is  a  delinea- 
tiou  of  the  genius  and  customs  of  the  European  nations, 
with  remarks  of  a  moral  and  philosophical  cast  on  the  pe- 
culiarities of  mankind.  In  style  it  has  been  compared  to 
Goldsmith's  Traveller.  Barclay's  principal  work,  the  Ar- 
genis,  or  the  Loves  of  Poliarchus  and  Argcnis,  was  first 
pub.  in  Paris  in  1621,  by  means  of  the  friendship  of  the 
celebrated  antiquary,  M.  do  Peiresc.  The  first  English 
translation  was  pub.  by  Kingsmill  Long,  gent.,  in  1625, 
4to.  Of  this  there  was  a  second  edition,  "  beautified  with 
pictures,  together  with  a  key  pra^fi.xed  to  unlock  the  whole 
story,"  in  1636.  There  was  also  a  translation  in  1628  by 
Sir  Robert  Le  Grys,  "the  verses  by  Thomas  May,"  (the 
continuator  of  Lucan  ;)  this  version  is  said  to  have  been 
undertaken  at  the  request  of  Charles  I.  In  1772  Clara 
Reeve  pub.  a  translation  under  the  title  of  The  Phcenix, 
or  the  History  of  Polyarchus  and  Argenis.  There  are 
three  French  translations  of  The  Argenis,  1624, 1732,  1736; 
and  it  was  also  rendered  into  the  Italian,  Spanish,  and 
Dutch.  The  Argenis  is  a  political  allegory,  a  romance, 
and  a  system  of  politics : 

"In  it  the  various  forms  of  government  are  investigated,  the 
causes  of  Svction  detected,  and  the  remedies  pointed  out  for  mast 
of  the  evils  that  can  arise  in  a  state.  ...  It  affords  such  a  variety 
of  entertainment,  that  every  kind  of  reader  may  find  in  it  some- 
thing suitable  to  his  own  taste  and  disposition :  the  statesman, 
the  philosopher,  the  soldiei-,  the  lover,  the  citizen,  the  friend  of 
mankind,  each  may  gratify  his  favomite  propensity,  while  the 
reader  who  comes  for  his  amusement  only,  will  not  go  away  dis- 
^pointei."— Preface  to  Clara  Jieeve's  Translalim. 

The  characters  in  the  Argenis  are  intended  to  represent 
various  distinguished  personages  in  history  and  real  life. 
Poliarchus  is  meant  for  Henry  of  Navarre  ;  Aquilius  is  the 
Emperor  of  Germany ;  Calvin  is  Usinulca ;  Radirobanes 
is  the  King  of  Spain,  and  Hyanisbe  is  thought  to  resemble 
in  some  traits  Elizabeth  of  England.  Richelieu  was  very 
fond  of  perusing  this  work,  and  it  is  thought  from  thence 
ho  drew  many  of  his  political  maxims.  Cowper  pro- 
nounced it  the  most  amusing  romance  ever  written  ; 

"U  is  interesting  in  a  high  degree;  richer  in  incident  than  can 
be  imagined,  full  of  surprises,  which  the  reader  never  foresails, 
and  yet  free  from  all  entanglement  and  confusion.  The  style,  too^ 
appears  to  me  to  he  such  as  would  not  dishonour  Tacitus  him- 
self"— Otwpey's  Lettei-  to  Saml.  Rose,  Esq. 

As  to  the  style  to  which  Cowper  thus  refers,  Coleridge 
prefers  it  to  th.at  of  Livy  or  Tacitus:  (Remains,  voh  i.,) 
but  Mr.  Hallam  remarks  upon  this : 

"I  cannot  by  any  means  go  this  length :  it  has  struck  me  that 
the  Latinity  is  more  that  of  Petronius  Arbiter,  hut  I  am  not  weU 
enough  aoiuainted  with  th.it  writer  to  speak  confidently.  The 
same  observation  seems  applicable  to  the  Euphormio."— infroduc 
to  Lit  of  Europe, 

We  may  he  permitted  to  remind  classical  critics  of  the 
recorded  opinion  of  Grotius  : 

'•  Oenfe  Caledonius.  Oallus  nat.alibus  hie  est, 
Romam  llomauo  qui  docet  ore  loqui." 
"  A  Scot  by  blood,— and  French  liy  birth,— this  man 
At  Home  speaks  Latin  as  no  Koman  can." 
Mr.  Hall.am  well  remarks   that 

■•  Barcl.iy  has  mingled  so  much  of  mere  Action  with  his  story, 
that  no  attempts  at  a  regular  key  to  the  whole  work  can  he  suc- 
cessful, nor  HI  &ct  does  the  fable  of  this  romance  run  in  any  paral- 
lel stream  with  real  events.  His  object  seems  in  great  measure  to 
have  been  the  discussion  of  political  questions  in  feigned  dialogue. 
But  though  in  these  we  find  no  want  of  acuteuess  or  good  sen.se, 
they  h.ave  not  at  present  much  novelty  in  our  eyes;  and  though 
the  style  is  really  pleasing,  or.  as  some  have  judged,  excellent,  and 
the  incidents  not  ill-contrived,  it  might  be  hard  to  go  entirely 
thi-ough  a  Latin  romance  of  700  pages,  unless  indeed  we  had  no 


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alternative  given  but  the  perusal  of  the  similar  works  in  Spanish 
or  French." — Tntroditc.  to  Lit.  of  Europe. 

The  correctness  of  the  opinion  of  this  intelligent  author 
is  evinced  by  the  general  neglect  mto  which  this  once 
popular  allegory  has  now  fallen. 

'•  It  absolutely  distresses  me,  when  I  reflect  that  this  work,  ad- 
mired as  it  has  been  by  great  men  of  all  ages,  (and  lately  by  the 
poet  Cowper,)  should  be  only  not  unknown  to  the  general  reader  " 
— Coleridge. 

Barclay,  John.  Gr.ammaticaLatina,  R.  Pynson,  1516. 

Barclay,  John.     Descrip.  of  the  R.  Catholic,  1689.  " 

Barclay,  John,  M.D.,  was  author  of  Nepenthes  sen 
de  Nicotiana  Herba  Viribus,  Edin.,  1614.  He  praises  To- 
bacco as  "  this  happie  .and  holio  herbe,"  and  strongly  ad- 
vocates its  use.  King  James  and  the  Pope  to  the  contrary 
notwithstanding. 

Barclay,  John,  1734-1798,  the  founder  of  a  religious 
sect  in  Scotland  known  as  Bcreans  or  Barclayans,  pub. 
an  edition  of  his  works  (theological)  in  3  volumes. 

Barclay,  John,  M.D.,  1760-1S26,  b.  in  Perthshire. 
Professional  Works,  Edin.,  1803-12. 

Barclay,  J.T.,  M.D.,  b.  1807,  at  Hanover  C.H.,  Va., 
for  three  years  and  a  half  a  missionary  to  Jerusalem.  The 
City  of  the  (Jreat  King ;  or,  Jerusalem  as  it  was,  as  it  is, 
and  is  to  be.  Illustrated  from  photographs  iind  original 
drawings,  Phila.,  1857,  8vo.  A  reliable  work,  highly  com- 
mended. In  1868,  he  returned  to  Jerusalem  with  his 
family  to  reside  permanently. 

Barclay,  Patrick.     "The  Universal  Traveller,  1735. 

Barclay,  Patrick.  A  Letter  to  the  People  of  Scot- 
land, in  order  to  remove  their  prejudice  to  The  Book  of 
Common  Prayer,  with  an  Appendi.';,  wherein  are  answered 
The  Objections  against  the  Liturgy,  in  two  late  Pamphlets, 
called  Dialogues  between  a  Curate  and  a  Countryman, 
Lon.,  1713. 

Barclay,  Robert,  1G48-1690,  the  celebrated  apolo- 
gist for  the  doctrines  and  principles  of  the  Society  of 
"  Friends,"  sometimes  called  "  Quakers,"  was  born  at 
Gordonstoun,  in  Morayshire,  December  23d.  He  was  a 
descendant  of  a  very  ".ancient  and  honourable  family  in 
Scotland,  by  his  father's  side,  who  w.as  Colonel  David  Bar- 
clay, of  Mathers,  a  m.an  universally  esteemed  and  beloved, 
and  by  his  mother,  Mrs.  Catherine  Gordon,  daughter  of 
Sir  W.  Gordon,  from  the  noble  house  of  Huntley;  so  that 
if  his  principles  had  not  led  him  to  slight  the  advantages  ' 
of  birth,  few  gentlemen  could  in  that  particular  have  gone 
beyond  him."  His  father,  who  had  held  a  commission  in 
the  Swedish  army  in  Germany,  where  he  rose  to  the  rank 
of  Mnjor,  and  had  also  commandeil  in  the  Royalist  army 
under  Charles  I.,  embraced  Quakerism  whilst  confined  iii 
prison  from  political  persecutions,  in  the  year  1666. 

Robert  was  sent  to  P.aris  at  an  e,arly'age,  to  complete 
his  education,  and  placed  under  the  care  of  his  uncle, 
principal  of  the  Scots'  College.  This  relative  was  a  zeal- 
ous Roman  Catholic,  and  Robert  was  naturally  disposed 
to  embrace  a  religion  so  favourably  commended  to  his  re- 
gard. His  uncle  was  so  anxious  to  retain  him  in  P.aris, 
where  he  could  both  enjoy  his  society,  and  preserve  him 
from  the  baneful  influence  of  heretical  doctrines,  that  he 
offered  to  present  him  with  a  considerable  fortune  at  once, 
and  leave  the  balance  of  his  property  to  him  on  his  de- 
mise. It  is  not  unlikely  that  Robert  would  have  con- 
sented to  these  conditions,  had  not  a  summons  from  his 
father,  who  dreaded  his  becoming  a  convert  to  the  Roman 
Church,  recalled  him  home.  With  that  regard  to  strict 
principle  which  was  always  a  characteristic  of  Robert 
Barclay,  he  was  not  disobedient  to  the  paternal  command, 
but  at  once  resigned  the  flattering  prospects  which  had 
been  held  out  to  him,  and  returned  to  Scotland  in  1664. 

So  great  had  been  his  application  to  his  studies,  that,  al- 
though scarcely  sixteen  years  of  age,  he  possessed  consi- 
derable knowledge  of  the  sciences,  and  was  .skilled  in  the 
French  and  Latin  tongues;  the  latter  he  wrote  and  spoke 
with  facility  and  correctness;  subsequently  he  attained 
Greek  and  Hebrew. 

Many  authors  have  told  us  that  Colonel  Barclay  had 
become  a  convert  to  Quakerism  (we  use  the  term  for  con- 
venience, and,  of  cour.se,  without  any  disrespect)  before 
the  return  of  Robert  from  France :  but  wo  have  the  testi- 
mony of  Robert  himself  that  his  father  did  not  join  this 
sect  until  1666.  This  date  approaches  so  closely  to  that 
of  the  first  promulgation  of  the  doctrines  of  Quakerism, 
that  a  brief  notice  of  the  history  of  the  society  in  Scot- 
land for  the  first  twenty  years  of  its  existence,  may  not  be 
out  of  place.  George  Fox,  horn  in  1624,  (see  Fox, 
George,)  became  a  public  preacher  of  his  religions  tenets 
about  the  year  of  Robert  Barclay's  birth— 1648.  In  1657 
he  visited  Scotland,  and  preached  with  such  success,  that 

117 


BAR 


BAR 


large  numljers,  especially  in  the  north,  about  Aberdeen  !  Barclay  reviews  the   objections  which  had   Deen    urged 
anil  Eli'iu,  became  converts  to  the  doctrines  which  he     against  the  doctrines  of  the  Quakers. 
,  ,.„claimed      One  of  the  ,nost  distinguished  aisciples  was  |  ^:;:^^-l^^^  ^Zl^::^  f.Z^r^.^o:^'^Zr. 
the  celebrated  John  Swmton  ot   Swinton,  one  of  the  most  ,  |'j;"^-'p3ss  f^^  people  distracted,  and.  at  other  times,  for  men  pes- 


learned  and  accomplished  men  of  his  time,  and  so  much 
in  lavour  with  Oliver  Cromwell  that  it  was  notorious  that 
the  Protector  "  trusted  him  mure  than  anybody,  and  al- 
most every  thing  in  Scotland  was  done  by  his  advice." 
At  the  Restoration.  Swinton  and  Barclay  were  imprisoned 
by  the  government,  and  by  "  long  and  frequent  conversa- 
tions" the  latter  was  convinced  by  the  former  of  the  excel- 
lency of  the  doctrines  preached  by  George  Fox. 

Colonel  Barclay  sought  to  impress  the  truth  of  his  new 
opinions  upon  the  mind  of  Hubert,  but  for  some  time 
without  success.  Ho  did  not,  however,  refuse  to  place 
himself  iu  the  way  of  conviction,  and,  whilst  attending  a 
religious  meeting  of  the  society,  he  was  so  deeply  im- 
pressed by  a  discourse  of  one  of  their  ministers,  that  he 
felt  it  his  duty  to  unite  with  the  body.  He  became  amost 
zealous  propagator  of  his  new  tenets  ;  and  laboured  with 
great  success  in  England,  and  on  the  Continent,  especially 
in  Holland.  He  travelled  with  William  Penn  through 
the  principal  parts  of  England,  Holland,  and  Germany. 
Ho  was  "  everywhere  received  with  respect,  and  dismissed 
■with  concern ;  for  though  his  conversation  as  well  as  his 
manners  were  strictly  suitable  to  his  doctrine,  yet  there 
was  such  a  spirit  aud  liveliness  in  his  discourse,  and  such 
a  serenity  and  cheerfulness  in  his  deportment,  as  rendered 
him  extremely  agreeable  to  all  sorts  of  people." 

Robert  Barclay  was  no  common  character,  either  as  re- 
spects natural  capacity,  extensive  learning,  indomitable 
energy,  or  persevering  zeal.     At  an  age  when  many  young 
men  are  triflers  of  fashion,  or  slaves  to  vice,  this  noble 
youth  girded  up  his  loins,  and  went  forth  into  the  world 
to  battle  with  sin,  and  promote  the  glory  of  God  through 
the  salvation  of  man.     Born  to  prosperous  fortunes,  and 
of  an  illustrious  line,  the  heir  of  the  De  Berkleys  was 
willing,  for  the  sake  of  truth  and  righteousness,  to  "  e.it 
his  bread  with  scarceness,"  and  to  exchange  the  society  of 
the  great,  and  the  lordly  halls  of  nobles,  for  the  "  tender 
mercies"  of  a  bruttil  jailer,  the  companionship  of  felons, 
and  the  unt(dd  horrors  of  the  convict's  cell.     We  can  ima- 
gine few  more  affecting  pictures  than  that  which  disgraced 
the  year  1677,  and  the  town  of  Aberdeen,  when  the  aged 
Colonel  Barclay,  his  son  Robert,  and  a  number  of  other 
Quakers,  were  cast  into  jail  for  the  second  time  in  a  twelve- 
month.    His  father,  who,  to  borrow  the  words  of  Croese, 
''was  venerable  in  his  appearance,  just  iu  all  his  actions, 
who  had  shewed  his  courage  in  the  wars  of  Germany,  and 
his  fortitude  in  bearing  all  the  hard  usage  he  met  with  in 
Scotland  with   cheerfulness,  as  well   as   patience" — this 
good  old  man,  now  well  stricken  in  years,  but  strong  in 
conscious  integrity,  and  supported  by  a  noble  zeal,  was 
ready  to  go  with  his  beloved  child  to  prison  and  to  death, 
rather  than  to  deny  his  faith,  or  to  hold  his  peace  when 
ho  believed  that  his  God  bade  him  to  "  lift  up  his  voice, 
aud  show  the  people  their  sins."     Our  worthy  ancestors 
hud  what  they  esteemed  a  sovereign  remedy  for  heresy. 
When  any  inquirer  after  truth  was  so  hardy  as  to  doubt 
their  infallibility,  they  forthwith  put  him  into  the  stocks, 
or  immured  him  in  the  next  jail,  fed  him  with  bread  and 
water,  and  cropped  off  his  ears,  and,  if  he  still  continued 
obstinate,  perhaps  hung  him  at  Tyburn,  or  burnt  him  at 
Smithfield.     Who  can   doubt  that  such  substantial  evi- 
dences of  the  true  Christian  spirit  of  love,  charity,  and 
goodwill,  were  admirably  calculated  to  convince  all  here- 
tics of  the  evil  of  their  own  ways,  and  the  orthodoxy  of 
those  who  were  so  solicitous  for  their  spiritual  welfare? 
Robert  Barclay  had  not  long  been  united  to  the  society  of 
"Friends,"  when  he  commenced  that  powerful  use  of  his 
pen  on  behalf  of  their  doctrines,  by  which  his  name  has 
been  widely  known  to  all  succeeding  generations. 
His  first  work  appeared  in  1G70  : 

"Truth  cleared  of  Oiluninirs,  wliereln  a  hnnk  entitled.  A  Dia- 
logue between  a  Quaker  iiml  :i  staM.-  cliiistiaii.  iiuiMt.-cl  at  Aber- 
deen, and,  upon  good  srouiutjiul^id  ti.I.L'  urit  t'.Y  \\  iiliaiu  Mitchell, 
a  preacher  near  by  to  it,  or.  at  l.■a^t,  that  be  had  the  chief  hand  in 
it.)  is  examined,  and  the  Ilis-in^'cnuily  of  the  author  in  represent- 
ing the  Quakers  is  discovered ;  lieie  is  also  their  case  truly  stated, 
cleared,  demonstrated,  and  the  Ul'jections  of  their  Opiiosers  an- 
swered according  to  Truth,  Scripture,  and  Kight  Heasou." 

This  hydra-headed  treatise  might  well  have  alarmed 
the  imprudent  AVillinm  Mitchell,  who  had  little  idea  when 
preparing  his  Dialogue  what  sore  punishment  he  was 
drawing  down  upon  his  own  head.  To  use  the  significant 
phraseology  of  the  author  to  the  Preface  of  Barclay's 
works,  (Lon.,  1692,)  this  answer  showed  Barclay  "  to  be 
much  an  overmatch  for  his  antagonist."  In  this  work 
118 


sessed  of  the  devil,  and  practisinf;  abominations  under  pretence 
of  being  led  to  them  hv  the  Spirit:  as  denying  the  existence  of 
Christ,  the  reality  of  a  heaven  and  a  hell,  the  being  of  angels,  the 
resurrection  of  the  body,  and  the  day  of  judgment.  He  shews 
upon  what  slight  pretence  these  notions  were  taken  up.  how  con- 
sistent .all  the  doctrines  of  the  Quakers  were  with  the  gospel  in 
respect  to  these  points,  and  how  unjust  the  persecution  they  had 
sustained  for  maintaining  what  the  apostles  maintained,  the  liyltt 
of  Christ  Jesus  sfiining  in  the  mind  of  many — BiC'g.  Brit. 

Some  Things  of  Weighty  Concernment,  Ac.  This  second 
treatise  was  an  appendix  to  the  first ;  in  this  he  proposes 
twenty  questions  relating  to  those  who  had  distinguished 
themselves  in  representing  the  Quakers  in  ridiculous  lights, 
'■  When  if  that  kind  of  langu.age  h.ad  been  allowed  among  this 
sort  of  people,  they  mifht  themselves  tiave  been  rendered  far  more 
ridiculous.  These  writings  made  Mr.  W.  Mitchell  so  uneasy,  and 
rendered  it  so  apparent  that  either  he  was  in  the  wrong,  or  wanted 
abilities  necessary  to  prove  himself  in  the  right,  that  he  immedi- 
ately had  recourse  again  to  the  press,  in  order  to  return  an  answer 
to  Robert  Barclay,  which  produced  our  author's  thii-d  book  upon 
this  subject,  in  which  he  effectually  silenced  that  angi-y  and  im- 
patient writer."' 

The  preface  to  the  third  treatise — W.  Mitchell  unmask- 
ed, or  the  staggering  infallibility  of  the  pretended  stable 
Christian  discovered,  Ac. — is  dated  from  Ury,  our  author's 
residence,  December  21,  1671.  In  1675  he  published  a 
work  intended  to  explain  and  defend  the  doctrines  and 
principles  of  the  Quakers.     This  work  is  entitled 

"  A  Catechism  and  Confession  of  Faith,  approved  of  and  agreed 
unto  by  the  Oeueral  Assemblv  of  the  Patriarchs,  Prophets,  and 
Apostle's,  Christ  himself  chief  Speaker  in  and  among  them,  which 
containeth  a  true  and  faithful  Account  of  the  Principles  and  Doc- 
trines which  are  most  surely  believed  by  the  Churches  of  Christ 
in  Great  Britain  and  Ireland,  who  are  reproachfully  called  by  the 
n.ame  of  Quakers,  yet  are  found  in  one  Faith  with  the  Primitive 
Church  and  Paints,"  as  is  most  clearly  demonstrated  by  some  plain 
Scripture  Testimonies,  ^without  Consequences  or  Commentaries,) 
which  are  here  collected  and  inserted  by  way  of  Answer  to  a  few 
weighty,  yet  easy  and  familiar,  Questions,  fitted  as  well  for  the 
wisest  and  largest,  as  for  the  weakest  and  lowest.  Capacities.  To 
which  is  added  an  Expostulation  with  an  Appeal  to  all  other  Pro- 
fessors,  by  R.  B.,  a  Servant  of  the  Church  of  Christ." 

Our  author  seems  to  have  determined  that  those  who 
would  not  pursue  their  investigations  further  than  his  title- 
pages,  should  not  even  then  escape  wholesome  instruction. 
'ihe  preface  to  this  work  is  dated  Urie,  1673.  The  author 
endeavours  to  prove  that  Quakerism  is  the  perfection  of 
Protestantism :  that  there  is  properly  no  middle  ground 
between  the  doctrines  he  espouses,  and  those  of  the  Church 
of  Rome. 

The  Anarchy  of  the  Ranters,  Ac.  which  has  been  praised 
as  "a  learned  and  excellent  treatise,  containing  as  much 
sound  reason  as  any  book  of  its  size,  in  our,  or  perhaps  in 
any  modern,  language,"  was  published  in  1676.  Its  ob- 
ject was  to  prove  that  the  Quakers  were  not  justly  liable 
to  the  objections  urged  against  the  fanaticism  of  the  Rant- 
ers. This  work  met  with  so  much  censure,  that  in  1679  he 
pub.  a  'Vindication  of  it.  He  also  gave  to  the  world  A 
True  and  Faithful  Account  of  some  of  his  disputes  with 
some  of  the  students  of  the  University  of  Aberdeen ;  and 
in  16S6  he  pub.  The  Possibility  and  Necessity  of  the  In- 
ward iind  Immediate  Revelation  of  the  Spirit  of  God, 
towards  the  foundation  and  ground  of  true  Faith,  proved 
in  a  Letter  written  in  Latin  to  a  person  of  Quality  in 
Holland,  and  now  also  put  into  English. 

Like  Bunyan,  Sir  Richard  Baker,  Boethius,  Grotius, 
Buchanan,  and  many  other  good  men,  he  made  even  the 
employment  of  his  prison  hours  useful  to  his  fellow-men. 
It  wa.s  whilst  in  the  jail  of  Aberdeen  that  he  composed 
that  ■•  noble  description  of  Christian  Beneficence,"  Uni- 
versal Love  considered  and  established  upon  its  right 
Foundation,  being  a  serious  Enquiry  how  far  Charity  may, 
and  ought  to  extend  towards  Persons  of  different  Judg- 
ments in  matters  of  Religion,  aud  whose  Principles  among 
the  several  Sects  of  Christians,  do  most  naturally  lead  to 
that  due  Moderation  required,  writ  in  the  Spirit  of  Love 
and  Meekness  for  the  removing  of  Stumhling-Bloeks  out 
of  the  Way  of  the  Simple,  by  a  Lover  of  the  Souls  of  all 
Men,  R.  B".  This  work  was  written  and  pub.  in  1677. 
The  author  divides  his  subject  into  five  sections. 

1st.  He  gives  his  own  experience,  and  his  reasons  for 
writing  this  treatise. 

2d.  The  nature  of  Christian  Love  and  Charity  is  de- 
monstrated. 

od.  The  controversy  is  stated  with  respect  to  the  difl'erent 
religious  bodies,  Ac. 

4th.  An  examination  of  the  principles  held  by  many  call- 
ed Christians,  and  those  principles  proved  to  be  defective. 


T3AR 


Bak 


5th.  Some  "principles  of  Christianity  are  proposed,  as 
they  are  held  by  a  great  body  of  people,  and  some  gath- 
ered churches  in  Great  Britain  and  Ireland  which  do  very 
well  agree  with  true  Universal  Love." 

Having  thus  noticed  the  other  works  of  Robert  Barclay, 
we  are  prepared  to  coosider  that  by  which  ho  will  always 
be  best  known,  viz  : 

"  An  Apology  for  the  true  Christlnn  Divinity,  as  the  same  is  held 
forth  and  preached  hy  the  People  railed  in  Scorn.  Quakers;  being 
a  full  Explanation  and  Viadicat  ion  of  their  Principles  and  Doc- 
trines, by  many  Artrimients  deduocd  from  Scripture  and  Right 
r.eason.  and  the  Testimonies  of  famous  Authors,  both  Ancient 
and  Modern,  with  a  full  Answer  to  the  strongest  Objections  usu- 
ally made  against  th'-m:  Presented  to  the  King.  Written  and 
pu>>iished  in  London,  for  the  Information  of  Strans:ers.  by  Robert 
IJarclat.  and  now  put  into  our  Language  for  the  Benefit  of  his 
Countrymen.'  London,  1678. 

The  Address  to  Charles  II.  has  been  admired  for  clear- 
ness and  vigour  of  style,  and  faithful  boldness  of  exhorta- 
tion. Was  there  ever  a  greater  contrast  than  between  the 
subject  and  the  king?  the  selfish,  dissolute,  effeminate 
monarch,  and  the  noble-hearted,  self-sacrificing  preacher  of 
Universal  Love?  The  Theses  Tbeologicse,  which  were  the 
ground-work  of  the  Apology,  had  been  previously  published 
and  sent  abroad  in  Latin,  French,  High  and  Low  Dutch, 
and  English,  addressed  to  the  Clergy  of  what  sort  soever, 

-  And  that  his  candour,  impartiality,  and  sincere  love  of  truth, 
might  be  still  more  manift^st.  he  sent  them  to  the  Doctors,  Pro- 
fessors, and  Students  in  Divinity,  both  Popish  and  Protestant,  in 
every  country  throughout  Europe,  desiring  they  would  seriously 
examine  them,  and  send  him  their  answers.  As  soon  as  tlie  Apo- 
logy was  finished,  he  sent  two  copies  of  it  to  each  of  the  public 
ministers,  then  at  the  famous  Congress  of  Nimeguen.  where  it  was 
received  with  all  imacrinable  favour  and  respect,  and  the  know- 
ledge, charity,  and  disinterested  probity  of  its  author  justly  ai>- 
plauded.*' 

The  Latin  version,  Theologicje  vere  Chrisfianre  Apolo- 
gia, was  pub.  at  Amsterdam  in  1676;  the  English  transla- 
tion, as  we  have  seen  above,  in  167S.  Other  English  edi- 
tions were  published  in  1701-36,  a  beautiful  edition  by 
Baskerville  in  1765,  another  edition  in  1781),  and  many 
since;  besides  Abridgments  in  8vo.  and  12mo.  &c.  Ant. 
de  Alvarado  translated  it  into  Spanish  in  1710 ;  and  trans- 
lations have  appeared  in  most  of  the  European  languages. 
The  author  pub.  a  Vindication  of  his  work  in  1679;  in- 
cited thereto  by  an  attack  in  Latin  by  John  Brown  upon 
the  Latin  version  of  the  Apology.  The  Vindication  was 
esteemed  by  William  Penn,  and  many  others,  to  be  equal 
in  every  respect  to  the  Apology. 

Our  author's  doctrines,  as  contained  in  the  Theses,  and 
more  largely  expounded  in  the  Apologia,  were  attacked 
by  other  writers  also,  viz. :  Nicholas  Arnoldus,  Professor 
in  the  ITniversity  of  Eranequer;  John  George  Bajenis, 
Professor  of  Divinity  at  Jena,  (who  was  answei-ed  by 
Geo.  Keith,  then  a  stout  supporter  of  Quaker  doctrines;) 
Christopher  HoUhusius,  a  famous  preacher  at  Franck- 
furt ;  George  Keith,  (the  quondam  advocate  of  the  Apology,) 
in  the  vStandard  of  the  Quakers  Examined,  Lon.,  1702  ; 
Ant.  Kciser  of  Hamburg;  Thomas  Bennet,  in  a  Confu- 
tation of  Quakerism,  1705;  Mr.  Trenchard;  Thos.  Chubb, 
1721;  Wm.  Notcutt,  1738;  Daniel  Gittius,  1758;  S.  New- 
ton, 1771,  &c. 

As  we  have  nothing  to  do  in  this  place  with  the  theo- 
logical opinions  of  Barclay,  or  of  his  antagonists,  we  dis- 
charge our  duty  by  enabling  the  reader  to  possess  himself 
of  the  expositions  of  the  views  of  both  sides  of  the  con- 
troversy. 

Of  the  literary  character  of  a  theological,  as  of  any  other, 
work,  it  does  become  us  to  speak ;  and  here  we  are  very 
safe  in  assigning  a  distinguished  jilace  among  the  produc- 
tions of  the  human  mind  to  Barclay's  Apology  fur  the  true 
Christian  Divinity.  Language  of  uncommon  purity  is  made 
the  powerful  instrument  of  reasoning  embellished  with  wit, 
and  persuasion  fortified  by  argument.  To  the  merits  of 
Barclay  as  a  writer,  we  have,  Ijesides  many  others,  the  at- 
testations of  the  learned  Gerard  Croese,  Norris  of  Bemer- 
ton,  Jeremiah  Jones,  Bennet,  Trenchard,  and  Voltaire. 
The  latter  observes  in  his  Letters  on  the  English  Nation, 
that  the  Apology  is  "  as  well  executed  as  the  subject  would 
possibly  admit."  Norris  of  Bemerton,  a  very  famous  man 
in  his  day,  remarks — 

'- 1  take  him  to  be  so  great  a  m.^n,  that  T  profess  freelv,  I  had 
rather  engage  against  an  hundred  Bellarmines,  Hardiiigs,  and 
Stapletons,  than  with  one  Barclay."— Second  Treatise  of  the  Lhjht 
within. 

William  Sewell  speaks  of  him  as 

"  A  man  of  eminent  gifts  and  great  endowments,  expert  not  only 
In  the  lancruages  of  the  learned,  but  also  well  versed  in  the  writ- 
ings of  the  ancient  Fathers,  and  other  ecclesiastical  writers,  and 
furnished  with  a  great  understanding,  being  not  only  of  a  sound 
judgment,  but  also  strong  in  ai-giunents." — Hist,  of  the  Quakers. 

Dr.  Williams  remarks ; 


"Barclay  was  a  man  of  extraordinary  abilities,  and  his  work  af- 
fords consideralile  information,  not  only  concerning  the  pL'CuIiar 
tenets  of  the  Quakers,  but  also  on  other  "subjects.  His  method  and 
style  are  fiir  superior  to  most  of  his  contemporaries." 

We  could  multiply  testimonies,  but  this  is  needless. 

As  regards  Barclay's  personal  character,  his  energy  was 
evinced  by  his  laborious  and  self-denying  pilgrimages  and 
ministrations  ;  his  benevolence  by  his  burning  zeal  tor  the 
souls  of  his  fellow-men  ;  his  patience  and  humility  by  the 
uncomplaining  submission  with  which  he  "bore  the  loss 
of  all  things''  for  the  advancement  of  what  he  deemed  to 
be  the  truth, 

"  We  sometimes  travelled  together."  says  his  faithful  fi  i<-nd  and 
fellow-sufferer,  William  Penn,  *'  bt^th  in  this  kingdom  and  in  Hol- 
land, and  some  parts  of  Germany,  and  wen-  inward  in  diverse  ser- 
vices from  first  to  last:  and  the  apinvh.'nsiou  I  had  of  him  was 
this,  he  loved  the  truth  and  way  of  (iod.  as  revealed  among  us, 
above  all  the  world,  and  was  not  ashamed  of  it  before  men,  but 
bold  and  able  in  maintaining  it.  sound  in  judgment,  strong  in 
argument,  cheerful  in  travels  and  sufferings,  of  a  pleasant  dispo- 
sition, yet  solid,  plain,  and  exemplary  in  his  conver.sation.  lie 
was  a  learned  man  and  a  good  Christian,  an  ahle  Minister,  a  duti- 
ful son,  and  a  loving  husband,  a  tender  and  careful  father,  au 
easy  master,  and  a  good  and  kind  neighl>our  and  friend.'' 

With  such  a  character  we  need  not  be  surprised  that 
it  was  his 

■•  Peculiar  felicity  to  gain  so  entire  a  conquest  over  envy  as  to 
pass  through  life  (and  which  is  so  much  the  more  wonderful,  such 
a  life  as  his  was)  with  almost  universal  applause,  and  withoiit  the 
least  imputation  on  his  integrity.  The  great  business  of  his  life 
was  doing  good,  promoting  what  he  thought  to  be  the  knowledge 
of  God,  and  consequently  the  happiness  of  man." 

For  further  information  concerning  this  truly  eminent, 
and — far  higher  commendation — truly  excellent  man,  see 
the  Biographia  Britannica,  to  which  this  article  is  largely 
indebted  ;  Sewell's  History  of  the  Quakers,  Mosheim's  Ec- 
clesiastical History,  Genealogical  Account  of  the  Barclays 
of  Urie,  &c. 

Who  would  not  have  supposed  that  this  touching  ap- 
peal to  the  second  Charles  would  have  influenced  even  his 
selfish  and  vice-enslaved  heart? 

"Thou  hast  tasted  of  prosperity  and  adversity;  thou  knowest 
what  it  is  to  be  banished  thy  native  country,  to  he  overruled,  as 
well  as  to  rule  and  sit  upon  the  thi'me :  and  being  oppressed,  thou 
hast  reason  to  know  how  hateful  the  oppressor  is  both  to  God  and 
man." — Preface  to  the  Apology. 

Truly  little  cause  had  the  poor  Quaker  in  his  prison  to 
envy  the  ungodly  monarch  on  his  throne  !  Deeply  grieved 
to  witness  the  bold  licentiousness  which  prevailed  among 
the  scoffing  courtiers  and  their  graceless  king,  he  might 
well  adopt  the  prayer,  "  0  my  soul,  come  not  thou  into 
their  secret;  into  their  assembly,  mine  honour,  be  not 
thou  united !'' 

Towards  the  close  of  his  life,  Robert  Barclay  was  in 
great  favour  at  court ;  and  had  James  II.  been  wise  enough 
to  profit  by  his  advice  in  1688,  and  make  timely  conces- 
sions to  an  outraged  people,  it  is  possible  that  the  question 
of  the  "Succession"  would  never  have  tested  the  wisdom 
of  the  English  parliament. 

In  1682  Barclay  was  elected  Governor  of  East  Jersey 
by  the  proprietors. 

''To  induce  him  to  accept  of  the  oflfioe,  he  was  made  a  joint  pro- 
prietor, with  a  power  of  bestowing  five  thousand  acres  more,  as  he 
should  think  fit.  Upon  account  of  his  peculiar  merit,  the  govern- 
ment was  to  be  held  for  life,  though  no  other  Governor  was  to  be 
continued  longer  than  thj-ee  years.  He  tad,  likewise,  a  power  of 
appointing  a  Deputy  Governor,  whi.-h  he  accordingly  did 

Robert  never  came  to  America,  but  his  brother  John 
settled  there,  and  his  brother  David,  a  youth  of  great  pro- 
mise, who  had  gone  out  with  the  same  intention,  died  upon 
the  voyage.     "  His  brother  John  died  at  Amboy.  in  1731, 
leaving  two  sons.     His  grandson.  Alexander,  was  comp- 
troller of  the  customs  in  Philadelphia,  and  died  in  1771." 
A  Scottish  poet,  writing  of  the  two  famous  Barclays,  Wil- 
liam and  John,  concludes  with  these  verses  upon  Robert: 
"But  lo!  a  third  appears  with  serious  air; 
His  Prince's  darling,  and  his  country's  care. 
Pee  his  religion,  which  so  bate  before 
Was  like  a  jumbled  mass  of  dross  and  ore. 
Refined  by  him,  and  burnlsh'd  o'er  with  ai-t, 
Awakes  the  spirit,  and  attracts  the  heart." 

After  a  life  marked  with  such  activity  and  suffering  for 
conscience'  sake,  this  good  man  was  permitted  to  spend  the 
last  few  years  of  his  life  in  peace.  He  died  October  3, 
1690,  at  his  mansion  at  TJry,  in  Kincardine.'^hire,  Scot- 
land. The  estate  of  Fry  had  been  purchased  by  Colonel 
David  Barclay  in  the  year  of  Robert's  birth,  (1648.)  The 
Colonel  was  obliged  to  part  with  two  estates,  which  had 
been  in  his  family,  one,  three  hundred,  and  the  other,  five 
hundred  years.  About  1679  Robert  obtained  a  charter, 
under  the  Great  Seal,  from  King  Charles  the  Second,  erect- 
ing his  lands  of  Ury  into  "a  free  Barony,  with  a  civil  and 
criminal  jurisdiction  to  him  and  his  heirs  forever."  This 
charter  was  ratified  by  Act  of  Parliament  temp.  James  the 

U9 


BAR 


Seventh  of  Scotland,  and  Second  of  England,  "for  the 
many  faithful  services  done  by  Colonel  David  Barclay, 
and  "his  son,  the  said  Robert  Barclay,  to  the  King,  and  his 
most  royal  progenitors  in  times  past."  This  barony,  with 
all  similar  jurisdictions,  was  extinguished  by  the  changes 
effected  in  the  government  of  Scotland  temp.  George  II. 
Robert  Barclay  left  seven  children,  all  of  whom  were  alive 
in  October,  1740,  fifty  years  after  their  father's  death.  At 
tbe  same  time  there  were  living  between  fifty  and  si.xty 
grand-children  and  great  grand-chililren. 

"A  good  man  leaveth  an  inheritance  to  bis  children's 
children,"  and  a  good  name  has  these  advantages  over 
all  other  bequests; — it  can  be  shared  without  division, 
enjoyed  without  diminution,  and  remains  an  imperishable 
capital,  stimulating  to  and  aiding  lil;e  acquisitions. 

Barclay,  Robert,  (Allerdyce,)  1779-1854.  the 
great  pedestrian  who  first  walked  one  thousand  mdes  m 
one  thousand  hours.  Agricultural  Tour  in  the  U.  States, 
Lon.,  1S42,  p.  Svo. 

Barclay,  Thomas,  a  Scottish  scholar,  studied  lite- 
rature and  philosophy  at  Bordeaux;  going  afterwards  to 
Toulouse  he  became  head  of  the  Squellanean  School.    Sub- 
sequently he  taught  law  both  at  Poitiers  and  at  Toulouse. 
"Ills  writings  were  neither  numerous  nor  important."-DEMPSTKR. 

Barclay^  William,  1546-1605?  an  eminent  civUian, 
father  to  John  Barclay,  author  of  the  "Argenis,"  w.as  liorn 
in  Aberdeenshire,  Scotland.     He  was  in  favour  with  Mary 
Queen  of  Scots  :  after  her  dethronement  he  went  to  France, 
applied  himself  to   the  study  of  belles-lettres,  law,  and 
philosophy,  and  graduated  doctor  in  the  civil  and  canon 
laws.     The  Duke  of  Lorraine  appointed  him  professor  of 
civil  law  in   the   University   of   Pont-A-Mousson,   and   a 
counsellor  and  master  of  requests  to  his  hospital.     He 
visited  England  at  the  reciuest  of  James  I.,  and  was  offered 
a  professorship  of  civil  law  at  one  of  the  universities,  and 
other  honours,  upon  condition  of  his  attaching  himself  to 
the  Church  of  England.     These  offers  he  declined,  return- 
ed to  France  in  1604,  and  accepted  the  professorship  of 
civil  law  in  the  University  of  Angers.     One  of  his  prin- 
cipal works   is   Do  Regno  et  Regali    Potestate   adversus 
Buchananum  Brutum,  Boucherum  et  Reliquos  Monarcho- 
maehos,  Paris,  1600.     Boucher  had  put  forth  a  treatise 
in  1589,  here  referred  to,  entitled  De  Juste  Heurici  III. 
Boucher  was  a.  leaguer;  Barclay,  on  the  contrary,  argues 
in  favour  of  the  supremacy  of  the  king  even  over  the 
laws,  and  the  right  of  the  monarch  to  the  implicit  obe- 
dience of  his  people,  save  in  cases  of  outrageous  oppression ; 
which  last  flaw,  of  course,  quashes  the  whole  indictment 
against  any  ease  of  resistance,  as  opinion  must  of  necessity 
be  the  umpire.     Although  a  zealous  Komiin  Catholic,  Bar- 
clay defended  the  sovereignty  of  the  crown  of  France,  even 
against  the   Pope.     His  work,  De  Potestate  Papw  an  et 
quatenus  in  Reges  et  Principes  seculares  Jus  et  linperium 
habeat,  was  pub.  Franck.,  1609,  London,  in  English  in 
1611.     We  have  already  given  an  account  of  this  work  in 
the  biography  of  the  autlior's  son ;  also  of  the  response 
of  Cardinal  Bellarmin,  the  circulation  of  which  was  for- 
bidden by  the  Parliament  of  Paris.     Barclay   also  pub. 
Proemetia   in  Vitam  Agrieolffi,  Paris,   1599.     Comm.   in 
Titl.  Pandectarum  de  Rebus  Creditis  et  de  Jurejurando, 
Paris,  1605. 

Our  learned  civilian,  like  some  other  philosophers,  seems 
not  to  h.ave  been  so  fond  of  simplicity  as  some  of  the  Gre- 
cian sages,  for  »  ,.  , 
"  lie  went  every  day  to  school,  attended  by  a  servant,  who  went 
bare-headed  before  him.  he  himself  havins  a  rich  lobe  lined  with 
ermine,  the  train  of  which  was  supported  by  two  .servants,  and 
his  son  upon  his  right  hand :  and  there  hung  about  his  neck  .a 
great  chain  of  gold,  with  a  medal  ot  gold,  with  his  own  picture. 
—  Maclenzip's  Lives. 

Bard,  John,  M.D.,  1716-1799,  President  of  the  Med. 
Society  of  the  State  of  New  York.  Con.  to  Phil.  Trans., 
1760.  '  Jled.  Obs.  and  Inq.  xii.  p.  a69,  1762. 

Bard,  Samuel,  M.D..  1742-1821,  son  of  the  preced- 
ing, family  physician  to  General  Washington,  .and  a  man 
of  most  estimable  character,  pub.  a  treatise,  De  Viribus 
Opii,  1765;  on  Angina  Suffocativa.  repub.  in  vol.  i..  Anier. 
Phil.  Soc.  On  the  Use  of  Cold  in  Hemorrhage  ;  Compen- 
dium of  Midwifery.  1807;  and  subsequent  editions;  seve- 
ral Addresses  to  Public  Bodies,  and  Anniversary  Discourses 
to  Medical  Students. 

Bardouin,  F.  G.  Essay  on  Job  xix.  2.3-27,  in  3  let- 
ters, 1767.  ,       , 

Bardsley,  S.  A.,  M.D.  Profess,  and  other  works, 
Lon.,  1800-1807. 

Bardwell,   Thos.     The   Practice   of  Painting   and 
Perspective  made  easy,  Lon.,  1756. 
"Mr.  B.irdwell  api)ear.s  throughout  his  book  a  professed  enemy 
120 


BAR 

tc  TTjeon' :  and  disgraces  the  Art  he  attempts  to  teach,  bv  suppoB- 
ing  It  may  be  got,  like  a  knack,  by  mure  practice,  rather  than  com- 
municated as  a  ,VCi.  licc,  consisting  of  certain  principles  founded  on 
invariable  and  fixed  laws;  from  which  Nature  never  deviates."— 
tan.  Mmitldif  /leiitw,  1756. 

The  critique,  from  which  the  above  is  extracted,  is  very 
severe.  Mr.  Edwards  finds  fault  with  the  Perspective 
portion  of  the  works,  but  commends  the  instructions,  so 
far  as  they  relate  to  the  process  of  paintings,  as  the  best 
that  had  been  published.      See  Edwards's  Anecdotes  of 

Painting. 
Barecroft,Charles.  Lets,  against  Popery,  Lon,,  1688. 
Barecroft,  J>,  D.D.     Ars  Concionandi:  or  an   in- 
struction to  young  students  in  divinity.     Being  advice  to 
a  son  in  the  university,  with  rules  for  preaching,  4th  ed., 
1751,  enlarged  by  a  Short  View  of  the  Lives,  &c.  of  the 
Fathers,  Lon..  1715. 
Barese,  Sir  Kd.     See  Benese. 
Baret,  John,  a  scholar  of  Cambridge,  of  the  16th 
century.    An  Alvearie,  or  Quadruple  Dictionarie,  English, 
L.atine,  Greeke,  and  French,  Londini,  1680.     Dedicated  to 
Lord  Burleigh.     An  edition  pub.  in   1573   contains  En- 
glish, Latin,  and  French,  only. 

Baret,  Michael.  An  Hipponimio,  or  the  Vineyard 
of  Horsemnnshiji,  Lon.,  1618. 

Barfett,  John.  Funeral  Sermon  on  the  Rt.  Hon. 
Baroness  Barhaiu :  2  Tim.  iv.  6-8.  The  Contest,  Con- 
quest, and  Reward,  of  the  Christian. 

Barfoot,  P.  Letters  to  W.  Pitt  on  Taxation,  Ac,  1786. 
Barford,  Rd.     The  Assembly,  1726.     Epistle  to  Ld. 
C,  1730.  ,    . 

Barford,  Wm.,  D.D.,  d.  1792,  was  admitted  into 
King's  College,  Cambridge,  in  1737.  For  one  session  he 
was  chaplain  to  the  House  of  Commons,  and  pub.  a  Ser- 
mon delivered  before  that  body,  1770.  In  Pindari  Pri- 
mum  Pythium  Disscrtatio,  &c.,  1751.  A  Latin  Oration, 
1766.     Concio  ad  Clerum,  1784. 

"  He  died  as  he  had  lived,  universally  respected  by  all  learned 
and  good  men,  at  his  rectory  of  Kunptou."  See  Bryant's  System 
of  Mvthologv.  vol.  iii. 

B'argraVe,  Isaac,  1586-164.3,  Dean  of  Canterbury. 
Sermon  on  Hosea  x.  1,  Lon.,  1624.  Sermons,  1624,  1627. 
He  was  chaplain  to  Sir  Henry  Wotton  in  one  of  his  em- 
bassies. At  Venice  he  enjoyed  the  intimate  acquaintance 
of  Father  Paul, 

•'  Who  once  said  to  him  that  he  thought  the  hierarchy  of  the 
Church  of  England  the  most  excellent  piece  of  discipline  in  the 
whole  Christian  world." 

Barham,  Francis.  Socrates,  Trag.,  Lon.,  1842.  A 
Key  to  Alism.,  1S47.  Trans,  of  Guizot's  Syncretism  and 
Coalition.     Other  works,  1847-1851. 

Barham,  Henry.  Hortus  Amcricanus;  containing  an 
Account  of  the  Trees,  Shrubs,  and  other  Vegetable  Produc- 
tions of  South  America  and  the  West  India  Islands,  particu- 
larly of  the  Island  of  Jamaica,  Kingston,  Jamaica,  1794. 

"  Interspersfd  with  mauv  curious  and  useful  obseri-ations  re- 
specting their  uses  in  mc-dicine.  diet,  and  the  arts.  He  gives  a 
particular  description  of  the  manufacture  of  indigo." 

An  Essay  upon  the  Silk  Worm,  Lon.,  1719.  Con.  to 
Phil.  Trans.,  1718-1719. 

Barham,  J .  F.  On  Use  of  Corn  in  Distilleries,  1808-10. 
Barham,  Richard  Harris,  1788-1845,  Rector  of 
St.  Augustine's,  and  St.  Faith,  London,  was  better  known 
by  the  literary  name  of  Thomas  Ingoldsby.  His  Ingolds- 
by  Legends  were  contributed  to  Bentley's  Miscellany,  and 
since  collected  in  volumes.  Of  the  First  Series,  a  6th  ed. 
was  pub.  in  1852  ;  Second  Series.  3d  ed.,  1842;  Third  Se- 
ries, 2d  ed.,  with  Life  of  the  Author,  1847.  Mr.  Barham, 
during  many  years,  contributed  to  a  number  of  periodicals, 
viz. :  The  Edinburgh  Review,  Blackwood's  Magazine,  The 
Literary  Gazette,  Ac.  His  popular  novel,  My  Cousin  Ni- 
cholas, was  pub.  in  three  vols. 


Of  his  poetical  pieces  it  is  not  too  much  to  say,  that  for  origi- 
nality of  design  and  diction,  for  quaint  illustration  and  musical 
verse,  they  are  not  surpassed  in  the  English  language.  The 
Witches  Frolic  is  second  only  to  Tarn  OShantcr;  and  the-  Hon.  Mr. 
Surklethumbkin's  Story  of  the  Execution  is  as  satirical  a  reproof 
of  a  Tile  morbid  appetite,  as  ever  was  couched  in  laughable  mea- 
sure. But  why  recapitulate  the  titles  of  either  prose  or  verse,— 
the  lavs  of  dark  ages  belonging  to  the  fables  of  St.  Cuthbert,  St 
Alovs'  St  Dunstan,  St.  Nicholas.  St.  Odille.  or  St.  Gengulphus.— 
since  they  have  been  confessed  bv  every  judgment  to  be  singularly 
rich  in  classic  allusion  and  modern  illustration.  From  the  days 
of  Iludihras  to  our  time,  the  drollery  invested  in  rhymes  has  never 
been  so  amplv  or  felicitously  exemplified;  and  if  derision  has  been 
unsparingly  applied,  it  has  been  to  lash  knavery  and  mipostme." 
— Bcnth-i/'s  Mi&cellaml. 

Barham,  T.  F.  Introduc.  to  Greek  Grammar.  1829, 
8vo.  Unitarian  Doctrine,  1835,  Svo.  Greek  Roots  in  Eng. 
Rhvmes.  1837,  ISmo.  ,...-,,,„     „ 

Sarins,  Alex.,  Lord  Ashburton,  1,  ,4-1^48.  On 
the  Orders  in  Council,  Lon.,  1808. 


BAR 


BAR 


Baring,  Charles,     Peace  in  our  Power,  Lon.,  1793. 

Barins:,  Sir  Francis,  1740-1810.  Commutation  Act, 
1785.  Es"tablishmcnt  of  the  Bank  of  England,  &q.,  1797. 
On  a  Publication  of  Walter  Boyd's,  Esq.,'M.P.,  1801. 

Barker.  Complete  List  of  Plays,  from  the  Commence- 
ment of  Theatrical  Performances  to  1803.  To  which  ia 
added.  A  Continuation  of  the  Theatrical  Remembrancer, 
showing  collectively  each  Author's  Works,  1804. 

Barker,  Andrew.  The  Overthrow  of  Captain  Ward 
and  Wansekcr,  two  Pirates,  Lon..  1609. 

"  Ba borne  took  the  plot  of  A  Christian  turiVd  Turk,  from  the 
above."    [I'ub.  lf>12.] — Lowndes. 

Barker,  Charles.     Sermons.  Lon..  1806-07. 

Barker,  Charles.     Charity  Sermon,  Hull,  1825. 

Barker,  Edmund.     Sermons,  1()()0-61. 

Barker,  Edmund.  Trans,  of  Heister's  Practice  of 
Physic,  1757. 

Barker,  Edmund  Henry,  17SS-1839,  entered  Tri- 
nity College,  Cambrideie,  in  1807.  He  was  a  contributor 
to  the  Clussical  Journal  for  twenty  years. 

"  His  first  artirlr  .'tpiM-an-d  in  No.  3,  and  nearly  every  succeed- 
ing number  exhibiftd  fitln-r  his  sign  manuab  or  else  an  anony- 
mous ai'ticle  that  (.-arried  with  it  internal  evidence  of  his  being 
the  author,  from  the  numerous  references  to,  and  scarcely  less  nu- 
merous extracts  from,  writers  but  little  known:  aud  by  a  similar 
test  it  is  easy  to  trace  his  contributions  to  the  British  Critic,  pre- 
viously to  its  change  from  a  monthly  to  a  quarterly  periodical, 
and  more  recently  in  the  pages  of  the  Monthly  Magazine  during 
the  editorship  of  Mr.  Reynolds." — Lo>2.  Gent.  Mig. 

On  leaving  the  University,  al>out  1810.  Mr.  Barker  took 
up  his  residence  with  Dr.  Parr,  at  ILitton,  where  he  re- 
mained for  five  years.  Soon  after  the  death  of  his  learned 
friend,  he  pub.  Parriana,  which  is,  with  injustice,  described 
in  the  Lou.  Monthly  Review  as  "  a  metrical  effusion  of  ig- 
norance, vanity,  and  absolute  imbecility."  Whilst  turn- 
ing over  rare  classical  tomes,  in  a  true  Dominie  Sampson 
spirit,  in  Dr.  Parr's  curious  library,  Mr.  Barker  conceived 
the  idea  of  preparing  anew  edition  of  Stephens's  Thesau- 
rus Lingua;  Gra^cae;  ''intending  to  introduce  whatever 
materials  the  lapse  of  two  centuries  and  a  quarter  could 
furnish  for  the  improvement  of  the  Greek  Lexicography." 
The  editor  engaged  in  this  undertiiking  with  great  zeal, 
accumulated  a  large  stock  of  materiel,  paid  pounds  e.ach 
for  volumes,  which,  at  the  sale  of  his  library,  scarcely 
brought  shillings,  and  was  encouraged  by  a  list  of  800 
(Quarterly  Review  states  1100)  subscribers.  Vol.  1,  Parts 
I.-IV.,  appeared  in  1815-1S18  ;  and  the  classical  enthu- 
siast was  prepared  to  wear  his  blushing  honours  with  no 
little  delectation  ;  when,  in  an  evil  hour  for  our  Hellenist. 
Greek  met  Greek  in  a  terrible  charge  in  the  Quarterly 
Review,  (vol.  xxii.  p.  302.)  and  if  Demosthenes  did  not  Qy 
from  Chajronea,  the  friends  of  the  discomfited  warrior 
carried  him  away  on  their  shields.  Blomfield's  "  swashing 
blow"  was  not  fully  met  by  the  "Aristarchus  Anti-Blom- 
fieldianus,"  which  has  been  called  "telum  imbelle  sine 
ictu." 

Barker  indeed  was  not  silenced,  as  was  Bentley  by  the 
famous  "  Remarks"  of  Conyers  Middleton  ;  but  though 
the  Thesaurus  with  its  cargo  appeared,  the  colours  of  the 
captain  were  not  nailed  to  the  mast.  The  name  of  the 
owner  only  was  blazoned  on  the  craft.  The  work,  how- 
ever, "at  last  made  its  way  through  the  press,  and  con- 
sists of  several  ponderous  folios,  forming  the  most  com- 
plete lexicographical  collection  that  ever  yet  has  appeared. 
This  is,  in  fact,  its  principal  merit  j  for  in  <lctuil  it  is  liable 
to  much  criticism." 

This  MAGNUM  OPUS  comprises  no  less  than  11,752  pages 
of  double  columns !  but,  •'  nihil  sine  labore,  et  labor  ipse 
voluptas"  was  so  true  of  Barker,  that 

"  When  a  friend  once  condoled  with  hira  on  the  horrilile  bore  of 
making  the  index,  that  had  occupied  three  years  in  the  composing 
and  printing,  Mr.  B.  observed  that  they  were  the  happiest  years 
of  his  life;  for  he  had  thus  read  again  and  again  the  Thesaurus, 
which  he  should  not  have  otherwise  done." — Blrces. 

Mr.  Barker  pub.,  in  1812,  Classical  and  Biblical  Recre- 
ations, one  volume  only  of  which  ever  appeared.  He 
gave  to  the  world  editions  of  the  Latin  Esop,  Ciesar,  Ci- 
cero, Tacitus,  Demosthenes,  and  Xenophon,  with  English 
Notes.  He  also  edited  a  translation  of  Buttman's  Greek 
Grammar,  and,  in  conjunction  with  Professor  Dunbar,  of 
Edinburgh,  pub.  a  Greek-English  and  English-Greek 
Lexicon.  He  transmitted  to  Sturtz,  Notes  on  the  Etymo- 
logicon  Gudianum,  which  work  the  latter  was  editing. 
These  notes  were  considered  by  Barker  evidences  of  his 
skill  in  Greek  lexicography.  Ho  also  pub.  a  volume  to 
disprove  the  claims  of  Sir  Philip  Francis  to  the  author- 
ship of  Junius's  Letters.  An  English  reprint  of  Professor 
Anthon's  American  edition  of  Lempriere's  Classical  Dic- 
tionary.    A  Letter  to  Rev.  T.  S.  Ilughes.     A  reprint  of 


South's  Sermons,  &.c.  An  edition  of  an  unpub.  Greek  au- 
thor, Arcadiua  de  accentibus.  He  also  edited  (?)  The 
Toy-Shop  ;  The  Picture  Exhibition  ;  Juvenile  Rambles 
through  the  Paths  of  Nature ;  Mrs.  Brown's  Crooked 
Sixpence.  There  has  been  published  lately  (1852)  Lite- 
rary Anecdotes,  and  Contemporary  Reminiscenses  of  Pro- 
fessor Porson  and  others;  from  the  MS.  papers  of  Mr. 
Barker,  2  vols.,  London.  Tiiese  volumes  are  before  us. 
They  appear  to  be  of  the  kind  which  we  are  contented  to 
"hope  to  read  sometime,"  but  do  not  feel  impelled  to  de- 
vour inatayiter. 

For  further  particulars  of  our  author,  see  memoir  in 
Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  May,  1839;  and  Preface  to  the  Literary 
Anecdotes  cited  above. 

Barker,  George.     Sermons,  1697. 

Barker,  J.  The  Character  and  Tendencv  of  the 
Christian  Religion,  on  Rom.  i.  17,  ShefBeld,  1833. 

Barker,  James-     Sermon  on  Col.  iii.  12,  1061. 

Barker,  James  N«,  a  native  of  Philadelphia,  U.  S. 
America,  has  pub.  Tears  and  Smiles,  How  to  Try  a  Lover, 
and  other  works.  See  a  poem  of  Mr.  B.'s,  entitled  Littk- 
Red  Riding  Hood,  in  Griswold'a  Poets  aud  Poetry  of 
America. 

Barker,  John.     Sermon  on  John  xvii.  20,  21,  16srj. 

Barker,  John.     Treasury  of  Fortification,  Lon.,  1707. 

Barker,  Johu,  M.D.,  d.  1748,  at  London,  was  author 
of  a  work  on  the  nature  of  the  fevers  which  raged  at 
London  in  1740—41;  also  of  An  Essay  on  the  Agreement 
between  Ancient  and  Modern  Physicians,  &c.,  Lon.,  1747. 
In  French,  Amst.,  1749.     Paris,  with  notes  by  Lorry.  1767. 

Barker,  John,  Sermons,  1720-64.  An  eminent 
Presbyterian  minister  at  Salter's  Hall.  He  was  uf-ually 
styled  the  "Silver-tongued  Barker,"  from  his  fascinating 
delivery. 

"His  Sermons  are  composed  in  a  natural  and  easy  style;  the 
subjects  are  of  a  practical  nature,  and  treated  in  a  manner  highly 
judicious  and  evangelical." — Walter  Wilson. 

Barker,  John.     Medical  Works,  1786-96. 

Barker,  Matthew.  Natural  Theology.  Sermons,  1674. 

Barker,  Peter.  Esps.  on  the  Ten  Commandments. 
1624. 

Barker,  Ralph.     Sermons  on  John  xxi.  17.  1691. 

Barker, Richard.  Consilium  Anti-Pestilentiale.1665. 

Barker,  Richard,     Sermon  on  Gal.  i.  10,  1707. 

Barker,  Robt,,  M.D.    Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1736-77. 

Barker,  Robt.    Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  17S5. 

Barker,  Robt.     Medical  work,  Oxford,  ISOl. 

Barker,  S.     Providential  Deliverances,  1S06. 

Barker,  Saml.  Funeral  of  the  Countess  of  Oxford  ; 
a  Sermon  on  1  Thess.  iv.  13.  1702. 

Barker,  Saml.  Poesis  Vetus  Hebraica  restitutus, 
Ac.  1761. 

Barker,  Thomas,  1721-1S09,  son  of  the  above,  and 
grandson  of  the  celebrated  William  Whiston,  pub.  several 
theological  treatises,  and  contributed  Meteorological  Jour- 
nals, {1761-9S,)  and  other  papers,  to  the  Phil.  Trans.. 
1749-99.  A  Work  on  Baptism,  1771.  The  Messiah,  1780. 
The  Demoniacs  in  the  Gospel,  1780.  Whiston  gives  a 
very  high  character  to  the  father  of  our  author: 

"  Nor  is  it  easily  possible  for  one  man  to  he  more  obliged  to  ano- 
ther than  I  and  my  family  have  long  been  to  Mr.  Earlier:  May 
God  Almighty  reward  him  for  the  same  both  in  this  and  the  next 
world." — Wfnsfon^s  Memoirs. 

Barker,  Thomas.  Art  of  Angling,  Lon.,  1631.  An 
edit.  16o3,  anon.  In  1S20  the  edit,  of  1651  was  reprinted 
at  Leeds,  1817.  of  which  one  copy  was  struck  oflF  in  4to. 
Barker's  Delight,  or  the  Art  of  Angling.  The  2d  edit., 
much  enlarged,  Lon.,  1657-59.  Reprinted  1820,  of  which 
four  copies  were  printed  on  yellow  paper,  and  one  on  vel- 
lum.— Lowndes. 

Barker,  Thomas.  Dr.  Wells's  Letter,  &c.,  Lon., 
1706.     Funeral  Sermon  on  1  Pet.  iii.  4,  1712. 

Barker,  W.  H.  Grammar  of  the  Hebrew  Language, 
1774.     Hebrew  and  English  Lexicon,  1812. 

Barker,  Barkam^^or  Bercher,  Wm.  Trans,  of 
some  theologicaljbistorical,  &.c.,  works  into  English,  Lon., 
1554-99. 

Barker,  \Vm.     Pinnciples  of  Hair-dressing,  1785. 

Barkham.     See  Barcham.  John. 

Barksdale,  Clement,  1G09-16S7.  entered  as  a  ser- 
vitor in  Mcrton  College,  Oxford,  in  1625.  After  pursuing 
his  studies  with  great  assiduity  he  took  holy  orders,  and 
in  1637  supplied  the  place  of  chaplain  of  Lincoln  College 
at  the  church  of  All  Saints.  At  the  Restoration,  Charles 
XL  gave  him  the  living  of  Naunton  near  Hawling,  in 
Gloucestershire,  which  he  retained  until  his  death. 

'■  lie  was  a  go^id  Disputant,  a  great  admirer  of  Hugh  Grotlus,  a 
frequent  Preacher,  but  very  conceited  and  vain,  a  great  pretender 

121 


BAR 


BAR 


to  Poetry,  and  a  'Writer  and  Translater  of  several  little  Tracts, 
most  of  whifh  are  meir  Scribbles." — A.  Wood. 

Barksdale's  work.?  were  pub.  from  time  to  time,  1640-79. 
They  are  chiefly  little  religious  tracts.  Of  others,  the 
principal  are  Nympha  Libethris,  or  the  Cotswold  Muse; 
preseutiug  some  extempore  Verses  tu  the  imitation  of  young 
Scholars.  In  four  parts,  Lon.,  1651.  AVood  takes  care  to 
inform  us  that  this  book  does  uot  refer  to  the  *'  Cotswold 
Games."  which  for  forty  years  were  carried  ou  under  the 
superintendence  of  Robt.  Dover : 

"  Endiiniou  Portt^r,  Esq.,  did  to  encourage  Dover,  pive  him  some 
of  the  King's  old  Cloaths,  with  a  Ilat  and  Feather  and  Ruff,  pur- 
posely to  grace  him.  and  consenueutly  tho  SoL^mnity.  Dover  was 
constantly  there  in  Person  well  mounted  and  accoutred,  and  was 
the  chief  Director  and  Manay;er  of  those  Games  frequented  by  the 
Nobility  and  Gentry,  (some  of  whom  came  GO  Miles  to  see  them,) 
even  till  the  rascally  Rebellion  was  began  by  the  Presbyterians, 
which  gave  a  stop  to  their  Proceedings,  and  spoiled  all  that  was 
generous  or  in|j;eninus  elsewhere." — Athai.  Ototi. 

Life  of  Hugo  Grotius,  Lon.,  16j2 :  from  MeursJs  and 
others.  Hooker's  Judicious  Illustrations  of  Holy  Scripture, 
Lon.,  1675. 

Memorials  of  Worthy  Persons.  Two  Becads,  Lon.,  1661. 
The  third  Becad,  Oxon.,  1662.  The  fourth,  Oson.,  1663. 
A  Remembrance  of  Excellent  Men,  Lon.,  1670. 

"  This,  which  goes  for  the  fifth  Decad.  contains  the  character  of 
9  Divines  and  one  Layman,  taken  and  scribbled  as  the  rest  of  the 
Decads  were,  from  the  Sermons  preached  at  their  Funerals,  their 
Lives  :indCharacters,occasionally  given  of  them  in  Public  Authors." 

The  Nympha  Libethris  is  a  very  rare  volume.  A  copy 
in  the  Bibl.  Anglo-Poet,  is  priced  £20.  See  a  description 
of,  and  extracts  from,  this  volume,  by  Mr.  Park  in  the 
Censura  Literaria.  A  reprint,  consisting  of  10  copies,  was 
pub.  in  1S16  by  Sir  E^erton  Brydges. 

Barkshire,  Earl  of.  Publication  of  Guianas  Plan- 
tation, newly  undertaken  by  the  Earl  of  Barkshiro,  Lon., 
162.3. 

Barkstead,  Wm.,  an  actor  temp.  .Tames  L  The  In- 
satiate Countess  [from  Bandelln]  which  bears  J.  Marston's 
name  in  some  copies  of  the  editions  of  1613,  1631,  has 
been  ascribed  to  Barkstead.  (See  Biog.  Dramat.  Voh  ii. 
Rose's  Biog.  Diet.)  Myrrha,  the  Mother  of  Adonis,  or 
Lust's  Prodigies,  a  Poem,  Lou.,  1607.  Hircm,  or  the  Fair 
Greek,  a  Poem,  Lon.,  1611. 

Barkwith,  VV.     Cases  before  Ld.  Hardwick,  Ac. 

Barlace,  G.  Sketch  of  the  Progress  of  Knowledge 
in  England,  with  notices  of  learned  men,  Lon.,  1820,  4to. 

Barlee.     Doctrine  of  Predestination,  1658. 

Barlee,  Edward.  Free  and  Explanatory  Version 
of  the  Epistles.  Lon.,  1837. 

"The  translator  has  taken  great  liberties  with  the  authorized 
versinn." — Lowndts. 

Barley,  Win.     Martyrdomeof  St.  George,  Lon.,  1614. 

Barlow,  Edward.  1.  Meteor.  Essays.  2.  The  Tide, 
Lon.,  1710-17. 

Barlow,  Edward.     Con.  to  Annals  of  Med.,  1802. 

Barlow,  Frederic.     English  Peerage,  Lon.,  1773. 

*'ln  no  estimation  as  a  geneuloi^ical  work." — Lowndes. 

Barlow,  J.  The  Loss  of  the  Abergavenny;  a  Poem, 
1805. 

Barlow,  Joel,  1755-1812,  was  a  native  of  Reading, 
Connecticut.  He  was  first  placed  at  Dartmouth  College, 
but  returned  to  New  Haven,  where  he  graduated  in  1778. 
After  a  very  insufficient  preparation,  he  obtained  a  license 
to  preach,  and  joined  the  American  army  in  the  capacity 
of  chaplain.  In  1783,  when  the  army  was  disbanded. 
Barlow  threw  aside  his  clerical  character,  and  resumed 
his  law  studies.  He  was  not  successful  at  the  bar,  and 
was  induced  to  visit  Europe  in  1788  as  an  agent  of  the 
Scioto  Company.  At  Paris  he  was  a  zealous  adherent  of 
the  Girondists.  Whilst  yet  at  Paris,  in  1795,  ho  was  ap- 
pointed, by  President  Washington,  consul  to  Algiers. 
Returning  to  the  French  capital,  he  resumed  some  mer- 
cantile operations  in  which  ho  had  previously  been  en- 
gaged. His  enterprise  was  rewarded  by  a  handsome  for- 
tune. After  17  3'ears*  absence  he  returned  to  America  in 
1805,  and  purchased  a  house  in  Washington,  where  he 
took  up  his  residence.  In  1811  he  was  appointed  minister 
plenipotentiary  to  the  French  government.  His  negotia- 
tions at  Paris  for  a  commercial  treaty,  and  indemnification 
for  spoliation,  were  not  successful.  lu  the  autumn  of  1812 
he  received  an  invitation  to  a  conference  with  Napoleon 
at  Wilua,  in  Poland.  Whilst  on  his  journey,  his  progress 
was  arrested  by  au  attack  of  inflammation  of  the  lungs, 
of  which  he  died  at  Zarnowitch,  a  small  village  near  Cra- 
cow. Barlow's  first  literary  x>roduction.  a  poem  written  in 
1778,  may  be  found  in  a  volume  entitled  American  Poems, 
pub.  at  Litchfield  in  1793.  In  1791,  when  made  Master 
of  Arts,  he  recited  a  poem  called  The  Prospect  of  Peace, 
which  was  subsetiueutly  merged  in  The  Columbiad.     The 


germ  of  this  epic.  The  Vision  of  Columbus,  was  pub.  in 
1787.  His  next  literary  employment  was  editing  Watts's 
Version  of  the  Psalms,  pub.  in  1786.  He  was  concerned 
about  this  time  in  a  weekly  paper,  a  book  store,  and  in 
contributing  to  the  Anarchiad.  In  1791  he  pub.  in  Lon- 
don the  first  part  of  his  Advice  to  the  Privileged  Orders. 
Part  II.  appeared  in  1795.  In  1792  he  gave  to  the  public 
The  Conspiracy  of  Kings,  a  poem  of  about  4UU  linos. 
Whilst  at  Chambery,  in  Savoy,  he  wrote  The  Hasty  Pud- 
ding, the  most  popular  of  his  poems. 

"This  is  a  very  pleasing  performance.  .  .  .  His  versification  is 
successfully  modelled  npon  that  of  Goldsmith  ;  ht-  has  interspersed 
the  poem  with  several  ludicrous  parodies  ou  the  most  popular  pas- 
sabres  of  ICnjiHsh  poetry,  and  his  subject  naturally  presented  him 
with  many  imae:es  and  views  of  life,  whirh,  if  not  in  themsolvi-s 
highly  poetical,  have,  at  least,  all  the  fresh  bloom  and  fragrance 
of  untried  novelty.'" — AnaUctic  M^igazine. 

We  should  not  omit  to  mention  BarIow*s  zealous  at- 
tempts to  establish  a  great  national  academy  under  tho 
patronage  of  the  federal  government.  In  1806  he  drew 
up  a  prospectus  of  a  national  institution.  Mr.  Logan,  of 
Pennsylvania,  introduced  a  bill  into  the  Senate  of  the 
United  States,  and  it  passed  to  a  ^econd  reading.  It  was 
referred  to  a  committee  who  never  reported,  and  the  pro- 
ject came  to  nothing. 

In  1808  The  Columbiad  made  its  appearance  in  the  most 
magnificent  volume  which  had  ever  been  pub.  in  America. 
The  engravings  were  executed  in  London.  A  few  copies 
were  sold,  but  the  high  price  was  an  obstacle  to  circula- 
tion. A  cheaper  edition  was  issued  in  1809;  and  in  the 
same  year  it  was  pub.  in  London  by  Philips.  The  Colum- 
biad is  composed  of  a  number  of  visions,  in  which  Hesper, 
the  genius  of  the  western  Continent,  presents  to  Columbus, 
whilst  immured  in  prison  at  Valladolid,  "  that  which  shall 
be  hereafter."  Tho  War  of  the  Revolution,  the  events 
which  are  to  precede,  and  those  which  are  to  follow,  form 
part  of  the  vast  materiel  of  this  epic. 

"  This  pwm  has  a  radical  defect  of  plan,  which  it  would  have 
been  difficult  for  any  degree  of  poetical  genius  to  have  completely 
overcome.  It  is  the  narrative  of  a  vision  and  a  dialogue,  conti- 
nued through  ten  cantos,  and  nearly  7000  lines.  Its  time  of  ac- 
tion extends  from  a  remote  period  of  antiquity  to  distant  futurity, 
and  the  scene  shifts,  with  the  rapidity  of  a  pantomime,  from  ono 
part  of  the  globe  to  another.  It  has  no  regularly  connected  nar- 
ration, or  series  of  action,  by  whii.-h  characters  might  Tje  developed, 
interest  excited,  and  the  attentiipn  kept  alive.  Besides,  the  con- 
stant mixture  of  real  ami  familiar  bi--fory  with  allegory  and  fic- 
tion, is  a  combination  utterly  disfructive  of  tliat  temporary  illu- 
sion by  which  we  are  led  to  iulcrtst  ourselves  in  the  adventures 
of  an  epic  hero.  .  .  .  His  verses  bear  no  signs  of  poetical  inspira- 
tion ;  it  is  evident  that  they  have  all  been  worked  by  dint  of  reso- 
lute labour." — Analectic  Mug.,  vol.  iv. 

The  faults,  both  of  plan  and  execution,  of  tho  Colum- 
biad, "were  remarked  npon,  with  their  usual  severity,  by 
the  Edinburgh  reviewers,  as  well  as  several  other  critical 
journals  of  this  country  and  of  Great  Britain."  Barlow 
bore  these  attacks  without  making  any  formal  defence, 
yet  with  less  dignity  than  became  a  philosopher,  attribut- 
ing them  all  to  political  enmity,  and,  like  Sir  Fretful  Pla- 
giary in  the  play,  often  expressing  his  utter  contempt  and 
disregard  of  all  his  assailants. 

''  In  sketching  the  history  of  America  from  the  days  of  Manco 
Capac  down  to  the  present  day,  and  a  few  thousand  years  lower, 
the  author,  of  course,  cannot  spare  time  to  make  us  acquainted 
with  any  one  individual.  The  most  important  personages,  there- 
fore, appear  but  once  upon  the  scene,  and  then  pass  away  and  are 
forgotten.  Mr.  Barlow's  exhibition  accordingly  partakes  more  of 
thenature  of  a  procession,  than  of  a  drama.  I^iver  gods,  sachems, 
majors  of  militia,  all  enter  at  one  side  of  his  stage,  and  go  off  at 
the  other,  never  to  return.  Rocha  and  Oella  take  up  as  much 
room  as  Greene  and  Washington;  and  the  rivers  Potowni.ak  and 
Delaware,  those  fluent  and  venerable  personages,  both  act  and 
talk  a  great  deal  more  than  Jefferson  or  Franklin." — Loan  Jef- 
FRET :  Edinburgh  Review.     See  Olmstead,  Rev.  Lemuel  G. 

Barlow,  John,  became  a  student  of  Hart  Hall,  Oxf., 
in  1600.  He  pub.  a  number  of  sermons,  (ri't/eAthen.  Oxon.,) 
1018-32. 

Barlow,  Peter,  b.  1776,  at  Norwich,  an  eminent  ma- 
thematician, although  he  had  only  the  advantages  of  a 
common-school  education.  In  1806,  he  was  appointed 
one  of  the  mathematical  masters  in  the  Koyal  Military 
Academy  at  Woolwich,  and  filled  the  chair  until  1847, 
when  ho  resigned.  1.  Elementary  Investigation  of  tho 
Theory  of  Numbers.  1811,  Svo.  2.  New  Mathematical 
Tables,  1S14.  3.  Mathematical  and  Philosophical  Dic- 
tionary, 1814.  4.  Essay  on  Strength  of  Timber  and  other 
Materials,  Svn.  5.  Magnetic  Attractions,  1820,  8vo,  6. 
Treatise  on  tho  Manufactures,  <tc.  of  Great  Britain,  4to. 
7.  Tables  of  Squares,  Cubes,  Square  Roots,  Ac. ;  new  ed., 
1S43,  Svo.  Con.  to  Nie.  Jour.,  1802-09-10.  Mr.  Barlow 
is  a  Fellow  of  Ast.  Soc.  Mem.  Acad,  at  St.  Petersburg, 
Brussels,  and  Paris. 


BAR 


BAR 


BarloWj  R.  A  Philosophizing  Spirit,  Ac. ;  a  Sermon, 
1S08. 

Baiiow,  Sir  Robt.     On  the  E.  India  Company,  1813. 

Barloiv,  Stephen,     History  of  Ireland,  1813-14. 

Barlow,  Theodore.     Justice  of  Peace,  Lon.,  1745. 

Barlow,  Thomas,  1607-1091,  descended  from  the 
ancient  family  of  Barlow-moore  in  Lancashire,  was  born 
at  Langhill,  in  Westmoreland.  In  his  16th  year  he  was 
entered  of  Queen's  College,  Oxfurd,  and  in  1633  was  chosen 
Fellow  of  his  College.  Two  years  later  he  received  the 
appointment  of  metaphysic-reader  in  the  University.  His 
lectures  wore  highly  commended,  and  were  pub.  in  1637-38. 
In  1652  he  was  elected  keeper  of  the  Budleian  Library, 
and  in  1657  was  chosen  provost  of  his  college,  succeeding 
Dr.  Laugbaine.  On  the  death  of  Bishop  Fuller  he  was 
consecrated  his  successor  in  the  see  of  Lincoln.  He  was 
a  voluminous  writer.  Among  his  principal  wurks  are  the 
following:  A  Letter  on  Redemption,  1651.  For  Toleration 
of  the  Jews,  1660.  Mr.  Cottingtou's  Case  of  Divorce.  1671. 
Confutation  of  the  Infallibility  of  the  Church  of  Rome, 
1673.     The  Gunpowder  Treason,  1679.     Against  Popery, 

1679.  Quiucii  Coruelii  Europa-i  Monarchia  SuUpossorum, 

1680.  Several  Treatises  relative  to  Dissenters,  and  the 
Church  of  Rome,  1676-88.  He  left  directions  that  none 
of  his  MSS.  should  be  printed  after  his  death ;  neverthe- 
less Sir  Peter  Pett  pub.  his  Cases  of  Conscience  in  1692, 
and  Genuine  Remains  of  Bishop  Barlow  in  1693.  On  the 
latter  work  Henry  Brougham  pub.  Reflections  in  1694: 
the  list  of  books  was  pub.  separately  by  ^\'.  Ofllcy  in  1699. 

'■  There  are  many  valuable  hints  iu  the  Hemains." — Bickersteth. 

Among  them  was  Directions  for  the  Choice  of  Books  in 
the  Study  of  Divinity,  which  was  pub.  from  MSS.  by  Offley 
in  1699  ;  this  latter  edition  is  more  correct  than  the  pre- 
vious one. 

"This,  as  likewise  Bp-Wilkius'sEcelesiastes.  (9th ect.  pub.  1718,) 
contains  much  valuable  information  respectiug  older  books  of  di- 
vinity."— Lowndes. 

Two  Letters  of  Bp.  Barlow's  on  Justification  were  repub. 
in  1826. 

"  In  these  excellent  letters  the  Bishop  ably  establishes  the  doc- 
trines of  the  Reformation." 

"  A  powerful  polemical  defence  of  the  Doctrine.  See  Carlisle's 
Old  Doctrine  of  Faith,  1823,  and  Essay  on  the  extent  of  human 
and  Divine  Agency  in  producing  Faith,  Edinburgh,  1827." — BiCK- 

ERSTETH. 

"If  the  Reader  wishes  to  see  this  subject  treated  with  a  degree 
of  closeness  of  reasoning  and  logical  accuracy  ■which  defies  confuta- 
tion, he  will  do  well  to  peruse  these  Letters." — Archdeacon  Browne. 

Wood  quotes  a  florid  commendation  of  our  author  by 
Arthur,  Earl  of  Anglesey. 

*'  I  never  think  of  this  Bishop,  and  of  his  incomparable  know- 
ledge both  in  Theology  and  Church  History,  and  in  the  Ecclesias- 
tical Law,  without  applying  to  him  in  my  Thoughts,  the  Cha- 
racter that  Cicero  gave  Crassus,  viz.:  N'm  unus  e  muUis,  sed  tmus 
infer  ovines,  propi  singidaris.'' — Memoirs. 

Barlow,  or  Barlowe,  William,  d.  lo6S,  was  be- 
fore the  Reformation  a  monk  in  the  Augustine  Monastery 
of  St.  Osith  in  Essex,  and  was  educated  there,  and  at  Ox- 
ford. It  is  a  very  remarkable  fact  that  he  was  succes- 
sively bishop  of  four  sees,  viz.:  1.  St.  Asaph;  2.  St. 
David's;  3.  Bath  and  Wells;  4.  Chichester;  and  was 
father-in-law  to  four  bishops,  and  one  archbishop,  viz. : 
the  bishops  of.  1.  Hereford.  2.  Winchester.  (Day.)  3.  Licb- 
field  and  Coventry.  4.  Winchester,  (Wiekham.)  5.  Arch- 
bishop of  York.  (The  five  daughters  were  all  by  one  wife, 
Agatha  AVcllcsbourue.)  So  that  our  author  was  not  with- 
out *'benetit  of  Clergy."  He  wrote  Christian  Homilies, 
Cosmography,  (?)  The  Buriall  of  the  Mass,  Lutheran  Fac- 
tions, (?)  Lon.,  lo53,  2d  ed.  He  assisted  in  the  compila- 
tion of  The  trodly  and  Pious  Institution  of  a  Christian 
Man,  commonly  called  The  Bishop's  Book.  Lou.,  1537. 
He  is  said  to  have  trans,  into  English,  in  Edward  VI. 's 
reign,  The  Apocrypha  as  far  as  the  Book  of  Wisdom. 
There  is  in  Bishop  Burnet's  History  of  the  Reformation, 
His  Answers  to  certain  Queries  concerning  the  Abuses  of 
the  Mass. 

'■In  1553.  upon  Queen  Mary's  coming  to  the  Crown,  he  was  de- 
prived of  bis  Bishoprick  [Bath  and  Wellsj  for  being  ULirried;  com- 
mitted for  some  time  to  the  Fleet,  whence  escaping,  he  retired  with 
many  others  into  Germany  under  pretence  of  Religion,  and  lived 
there  in  a  poor  and  exile  condition." — A.  Wood. 

He  was  noted  for  his  propensity  to  levity  and  jesting. 
Archbishop  Cranmer  would  sometimes  say  at  the  conclu- 
sion of  a  long  debate, 

"  This  is  all  very  true :  but  my  brother  Barlowe,  in  half  an  hour, 
will  teach  the  world  to  believe  it  is  but  a  jest."  See  Strype's 
Cranmer,  Parker.  Annals.,  Biog.  Brit.,  Harrington's  Brief  View. 

Barlow,  William,  d.  1613.  successively  Bishop  of 
Rochester  and  Lincoln,  was  a  native  of  Lancashire.  He 
was  a  Fellow  of  Trinity  Hall,  Cambridge,  and  Chaplain 
to  Queen  Elizabeth  and  to  Archbishop  Whitgift.  In  1605 
he  was  elected  Bishop  of  Rochester,  and  in  lOUS  was  trans- 


;  lated  to  Lincoln.     His  principal  works  are  Defence  of  the 
Articles  of  the  Protestant  Religion  aguinst  a  Certain  Libel, 
Lon.,  1001;  Authentic  Relation  of  the  Famous  Conference 
between  Archbishop  Whitgift  and  the  Puritans,  held  at 
Hampton  Court,  Jan.  14, 15, 16,  ltJ03,  before  King  James  I., 
Lon.,  1004.     He  trans,  three  Sermons  from  Lavater,  Lou., 
!  1596,  and  pub.  a  Life  of  Dr.  Richard  Cosin,  an  eminent 
i  civilian,  with  whom  he  hud  lived  in  his  youth.       See  Ilas- 
sted's  Kent,  vol.  ii.,  and  Willis's  Cathedrals.       He  was  re- 
1  puted  :i  learned  and  excellent  ]ireacher. 
I      Barlow,  or  Barlowe,  M  illiam,  d.  1625,  a  divine 
I  and  an  eminent  mathematiciau,  was  the  son  of  William 
j  Barlow,  Bishop  of  St.  David's,  &c. — (See  ante.)     He  en- 
j  tered   a  commoner  at    Baliol   College,  Oxford,   in   1560; 
!  B.  A.,  1564;  about  which  time  he  went  to  sea,  where  ho 
acquired  a  considerable  kuuwledgc  of  navigation,  which 
(  he  put  to  profitable  use  in  his  writings.     About  1573  he 
took  holy  orders,  and  in  15SS  became  prebendary  of  Lich- 
field.    He  deserves  commendation  as  a  practical  philoso- 
,  pher,  and  acute  observer  in  the  department  which  engaged 
his  attention.     He  wrote  several  works  on  his  favourite 
subjects. 

The  Navigator's  Supply,  Lon.,  1597. 

"This  booke  was  written  by  a  bishop's  sonne, 
And  by  affinity  to  many  bishops  kinue:"' 
We  have  seen  [Barlow  Bp.  William,  ante]  that  he  had 
five  episcopal  brothers-in-law. 

'•  CVmsiderinp  the  period  at  which  it  was  written,  this  is  certainly 
a  most  extraordinary  product  inn," 

IVIagnetical  Advertisement,  concerning  the  Nature  and 

Properties  of  the  Loadstone,  Lon.,  1616  ;  A  Brief  Discovery 

of  the  Idle  Animadversions  of  Mark  Ridley,  M.D.,  upon 

a  Treatise  entitled  Magnetical  Advertisement,  Lon.,  1018. 

"  This  was  the  person  who  had  knowledge  in  the  ]Mac:net  20 

years  before  Dr.  Will  Gilbert  published  his  Book  of  that  subject, 

and  therefore  by  those  that  knew  him,  he  was  accounted  supt-iior, 

or  at  least  equal  to  that  Doctor  for  an  industrious  and  bajipy 

searcher  and  finder  out  of  many  rare  and  magnetical  secrets.     Ue 

was  the  first  that  made  the  incliuatory  instrument  transpjirent, 

i  and  to  be  used  pendant,  with  a  j^lass  on  both  sides  and  ling  on 

'  the  top,  whereas  Dr.  Gilbert's  hath  it  but  of  one  side,  and  to  be  set 

j  on  a  foot.    And  moreover,  he  hang'd  it  in  a  Compass-box.  where 

I  with  two  ounces  weight,  it  was  fit  for  use  at  sea.    Secondly,  ho 

was  the  first  that  found  out  and  shewed  the  difference  between 

I  Iron   and  J^teel,  and  their  tempers  for  Magnetical  I'ses.  which 

bath  given  life  and  quickening,  univers-ally  to  all  M;f_nu'iir;il  In- 

'  struments  whatsoever.     Thirdly,  he  was  the  first  that  :^b^>^^L■d  the 

'  right  way  of  touching  Magnetical  Needles.     Fourthly,  he  was  the 

I  first  that  found  out  and  showed  the  piercing  and  cementing  of 

!  Loadstones.    And  lastly,  the  first  that  showed  the  reasons  why  a 

I  Loadstone  being  double  capped,  must  take  up  so  great  weight." — 

I  At/ien.  Oxaii.;  also  see  Uutton's  Mathematical  Dictionary. 

I      As  the  first  English  writer  on  the  nature  and  properties 

,  of  the  magnet,  and  the  inventor  of  the  compass-box,  as 

now  used  at  sea.  Barlow's  name  should  ever  be  held  in 

'  high  esteem,  not  only  by  those  "who  go  down  to  the  sea 

:  in  ships   and  occupy  their  business  in  the  great  waters," 

but  by  all  who  are  in  any  way  interested — and  who  can 

be  excepted? — in  the  profitable  uses  of  navigation. 

Barlow,  William.     1.  A  Treatise.     2.  A  Sermon, 
Lon.,  1690. 

Barlow,  Mllliam-  Con.  to  Phil,  Trans.,  17^0-41. 
Barlow,  M'illiam.     Theory  of  Numbers.  Lon.,  1811. 
Bariiaby,  A,     Proposals  lor  Duty  on  Malt,  1696. 
Barnaril,  Lady  Aune,  1750-1S25,  was  the  daughter 
of  James  Lindsay,  fifth  Earl  of  Balcarras,  and  wife  to  Sir 
Andrew  Barnard,  librarian  to  George  III.     She  was  au- 
thoress of  the  well-known  ballad,  Auld  Robin  Gray;  the 
authorship  of  which  was  kept  a  secret  for  more  than  fifty 
years.     In   1823,   in  a  letter  to   Sir  Walter   Scott,  La<ly 
Barnard  acknowledges  the  ballad  as  her  own.  and  gives 
an  interesting  account  of  the  circumstances  attending  its 
production.     Captain  HaU  tells  us  that  during  a  visit  to 
Abbotsford  in  1825, 

"Sir  Walter  entertained  us  much  by  an  account  of  the  origin 
of  the  beautiftil  song  of  'Auld  Robin  Gray.'  'It  was  written,'  he 
said,  'by  Lady  Anne  Lindsay,  now  Lady  Anne  Hansard.  She 
happened  to  be  at  a  house  where  she  met  Miss  .Suff  Johnson,  a 
well-known  person,  who  played  the  air.  and  accompanied  it  by 
words  of  no  great  delicacy,  whatever  their  antiquity  mieht  be; 
and  Lady  Anne,  lamenting  that  no  better  words  should  belung  to 
such  a  melody,  immediately  set  to  work,  and  or-mposed  this  very 
pathetic  story.  Truth.  I  am  sorry  to  say,  obliges  me  to  add  that 
it  was  a  fiction.  Kobin  Gray  was  her  father's  gardener,  and  the 
idea  of  the  young  lover  going  to  sea,  which  would  have  been  quite 
out  of  character  here  amongst  the  shepherds,  was  natural  enough 
where  she  was  then  residing,  on  the  coast  of  Fife.  It  was  long 
unknown  who  the  author  was:  and  indeed  there  was  a  clergyman 
on  the  coast  whose  conscience  was  so  large  that  he  took  the  burden 
of  this  matter  upon  himself,  and  plead  guilty  to  the  authorship. 
j  About  two  years  ago  I  wrote  to  Lady  Anne  to  know  the  truth, 
and  she  wrote  back  to  say  she  was  certainly  the  author,  but  won- 
dered how  I  could  have  guessed  it.  as  there  was  no  person  alive  to 
whom  she  had  told  it.  "When  I  mentioned  having  heard  it  long 
1  ago  from  a  common  friend  who  was  dead,  she  then  recollected  mo. 


BAR 

and  wrote  me  one  of  the  kindest  letters  I  ever  received,  sajing  she 
h;id  till  now  not  the  smallest  idea  that  I  was  the  little  laine  boy 
she  had  known  so  many  years  before.'" 

In  1825,  Sir  Walter  Scott  edited  for  the  Bannat  jne  Club 
a  tract  containing  a  corrected  version  of  the  original  bal- 
ladj  and  two  continuations  by  the  authoress. 

Barnard,  Mrs.  Caroline.  A  Parent's  Offspring: 
or  Tales  for  Children,  1812,  2  vols.  12iuo. 

"  In  these  tales,  our  youn^  ivadL-is  will  find  considerable  variety 
and  intijrest.  toirether  with  some  humour,  and  a  good  moral  ten- 
d 'ncy." — Lou.  Mmthli/  Review. 

Barnard,  Edward,  1721-1774,  minister  at  Haver- 
hill, Massachusetts,  was  an  excellent  scholar,  and  a  highly 
esteemed  preacher  and  minister.  He  pub.  sermons,  &.C., 
1754,  '65,  73. 

Barnard,  Francis.  Funl.serm.  on  Mrs. Fularton, 1735. 
Barnard,  Frederick  A.  P.,  LL.D..  b.  1809.  Shef- 
field, Mass.,  graduated  at  Yale  College.  1828;  in  18.S1-33, 
instructor  in  the  American  Asylum  for  the  Deaf  and  Dumb 
at  Hartford;  in  1833-38,  tuto'r  in  the  N.  Y.  Inst,  for  Deaf 
and  Dumb;  in  1848-54,  Prof,  of  Nat.  Philos.,  Math.,  and 
afterwards  Chemistry,  in  the  Univ.  of  Alabama;  in  1S56, 
Prest.  Univ.  of  Mississippi.  1.  Treatise  on  Arithmetic, 
1830,  2.  Grammar.  1834.  3.  Letters  on  College  Govern- 
ment, and  the  Evils  inseparable  from  the  American  College 
System  in  its  Present  Form.  1S55. 

"  This  is  a  work  of  extraordinary  ability,  and  hag  excited  the  at- 
tention of  the  ablest  minds  in  the  country." — ApphtorCs  Ntw 
Amer.  Cyc. 

Barnard,  Henry,  b.  at  Hartford,  Connecticut,  ISll ; 
graduated  at  Yale  College  in  1830  ;  received  the  degree  of 
LL.D.  from  Yale  College  in  1852,  from  Union  College  in 
1852,  and  from  Harvard  College  in  1853.  Mr.  B.  is  well 
known  for  his  laborious  efforts  and  many  publications  on 
behalf  of  the  system  of  Public  Schools.  We  have  before 
us  a  list  of  no  less  than  twenty-eight  documents,  reports, 
(fee.,  for  which  the  country  is  indebted  to  this  public  bene- 
factor. Such  men  are  worthy  of  all  honour.  I.  School 
Architecture;  5th  ed.,  1854,  N.  York,  pp.  464.  2.  Practical 
Hlustrations  of  School  Architecture,  pp.  175.  3.  Normal 
Schools  in  the  United  States,  pp.  215.  4.  Normal  Schools 
in  the  U.  States  and  Europe,  pp.  670.  5.  National  Educa- 
tion in  Europe,  pp.  890.  This  work  should  accompany 
Prof.  A.  D.  Bache's  Education  in  Europe.  6.  Reports  on 
Common  Schools  in  Connecticut  from  1838  to  1S42.  7.  Do., 
1850-51-52.  8.  History  of  Education  in  Connecticut  from 
1638  to  1854,  pp.  600,  9.  Report  on  Public  Schools  in 
Rhode  Island,  1845  and  *48.  10.  Documentary  History 
of  Public  Schools  in  Providence,  pp.  96.  11.  Education 
and  Employment  of  Children  in  Factories,  pp.  84.  12. 
Connecticut  Common    School  Journal,    1838-42,   4  vols, 

13.  Rhode  Island  Journal  of  Instruction,  1845-49,  3  toIs. 

14.  Discourses  on  Life  and  Character  of  T.  H.  Gallaudet, 
pp.  60.  15.  Tribute  to  Doctor  Gallaudet,  with  History  of 
the  American  Asylum,  pp.  268.  16.  Hints  and  Methods 
for  the  Use  of  Teachers,  pp.  128.  17.  Life  of  Ezekiel 
Cheever,  and  Notes  on  the  Free  Schools  of  New  England. 

15.  American  Journal  of  Education,  1856-57,  4  vols. 

"  Dr.  Biirnard.  by  bis  writing  on  school -architecture,  has  created 
a  now  department  in  educational  literature." — Dr.  Vogel,  Leipzig. 

"I  cannot  omit  this  opportunity  of  recommending  the  reports 
which  have  emanated  from  this  source,  aa  rich  in  important  sug- 
gestions, and  full  of  the  most  sound  and  practical  views  in  regard 
to  the  whole  sulyect  of  echool-oducation." — Bisnop  Alonzo  Potter, 
in  the  School  and  Schoolmaster,  p.  159,  1S42. 

'•The  several  reports  of  Henry  Barnard,  Esq.,  Secretary  of  the 
Board  of  Education. — the  most  able.  eflBcient,  and  best-informed 
officer  that  could,  perhaps,  be  engaged  in  the  service. — contain  a 
digest  of  the  fullest  and  most  valuable  importance  that  is  readily 
to  be  obtained  on  the  subject  of  common  schools,  both  in  Europe 
and  the  United  States.  I  can  only  refer  to  these  documents  with 
the  highest  opinion  of  their  merits  and  value." — Kent's  C'om- 
mentariea.  5th  ed.,  vol.  ii.  196. 

"Mr. Barnard,  in  his  work  on  'National  Education  in  Europe,' 
has  collected  and  arranged  more  valuable  information  and  statistics 
than  can  be  found  in  any  one  volume  in  the  English  language.  It 
groups  under  one  view  the  varied  experience  of  nearly  all  civilized 
countries." — Westminster  Review,  Jan.  18.54. 

Barnard,  James.  The  Divinity  of  Christ  demon- 
Btrated  from  Holy  Scripture,  and  frnm  the  Doctrine  of  the 
Primitive  Church,  in  a  Series  of  Letters  addressed  to  the 
Rev.  Joseph  Priestley,  in  answer  to  his  Letters  addressed 
totheRev.  Dr.  Geddes,Lon.;1789.  SeeHoRSLEY,SAMUEL; 
Priestlky,  Joseth. 

Barnard,  or  Bernard,  John,  d.  1683,  an  English 
divine,  was  first  of  Cambridge,  but  removed  himself  to 
Oxford.  By  the  visitors  deputed  by  Parliament,  he  was 
in  1648  made  Fellow  of  Lincoln  College.  Afterwards 
marrying  a  daughter  of  Dr.  Peter  Heylyn,  he  became  rec- 
tor of  Waddington  in  Lincolnshire. 

"  In  IfifiO  he  took  the  decrees  in  Divinity,  Tieing  then  in  some 
repute  in  his  country  for  his  learning  aud  orthodox  principIeB." 
V2i 


BAR 

Censura  Cleri,  against  scandalous  ministers,  not  fit  to  bo 
restored  to  the  Church's  livings,  in  point  of  prudence,  piety, 
and  fame,  Lon.,  1660;  in  3  sheets. 

"His  name  is  not  set  to  this  Pamphlet,  and  he  did  not  careafter- 
w.irds-  when  he  saw  how  the  event  proved,  to  be  known  that  he 
was  the  .author." — Wood. 

Theolngo-historicus,  or  the  true  life  of  the  most  reverend 
divine,  and  excellent  historian,  Peter  Heylyn,  D.D.,  Lon., 
1683, 

"  Published,  as  the  author  pretended,  to  correct  the  errors,  sup. 
ply  the  defects,  and  confute  the  calumnies  of  a  late  writer,  viz: 
(jeorge  Vernon,  who  had  before  published  the  said  doctor's  life." 

To  this  work  is  added,  An  Answer  to  Mr.  Baxter's  false 
accusation  of  Mr.  Heylyn.  He  also  pub.  a  Catechism  for 
the  use  of  his  parish. 

Barnard,  or  Bernard,  John,  Enlarged  Bohun's 
Geog.  Dictionary,  Lon.,  1693,  fol.  and  wrote  some  politi- 
cal pieces. 

Barnard,  John,  1681-1770,  minister  in  Marblehead, 
was  born  in  Boston,  Massachusetts.  He  was  a  man  of 
great  sagacity  in  temporal  affairs,  and  by  his  judicious 
advice,  greatly  improved  the  commercial  wealth  and  ship- 
ping interest  of  Marblehead.  As  a  minister,  he  was  emi- 
nent for  his  learning  and  piety,  and  zealous  devotion  to 
his  duties.  He  pub.  a  number  of  sermons,  and  other 
theological  treatises,  1717,  '24,  '2.^,  '27,  '31,  '34,  '38,  '42, 
'46,  '47,  '50,  '52,  '56,  '61,  '62.  A  Proof  of  Jesus  Christ's 
being  the  Mes.=iah  :  the  first  published  Dudleiau  Lecture, 
1756:  A  Vei'sion  of  the  Psalms,  about  1751 :  A  Letter  to 
Pres.  Stiles,  pub.  in  the  Massachusetts  Hist.  Collections. 

Barnard,  John,  1690-1758,  minister  in  Andover, 
Massachusetts.  He  pub.  a  discourse  on  the  earthquake; 
to  a  society  of  young  menj  on  sinful  mirth,  1728  j  election 
sermon,  1746. 

Barnard,  Sir  John,  1685-1764,  Lord  Mayor  of  the 
city  of  London,  and  its  representative  in  parliament  for 
nearly  forty  years.     1.  A  Defence  of  Seven  Proposals  for 
raising  of  Three  Millions.  Ac,  Lon.,  1716.     2.  Reducing 
the  Interest  on  the  National  Debt,  1749:  anon.      Another 
treatise  has  been  ascribed  to  Sir  John. 
Barnard,  Jon.    Assize  Sermon,  Ps.  cxxvii.,  1707. 
Barnard,  Jon.     Sermons,  1727.     One  do.,  1742. 
Barnard,    Hon.   Richard    Boyle,   M.P.      Tour 
through  some  parts  of   France,  Switzerland,  Savoy,  Ger- 
many, and  Belgium,  1815. 

Barnard,  S.     Sermon,  Amos   iii.  3,  Hull,  1789. 
Barnard,  Thomas.     Sermons,  &c.,  1710,  '18,  *42. 
Barnard,  Thomas,  1714-1776,  minister  in  Salem, 
MaFsacbusetts,  was  the  son  of  the  preceding.     He  pub. 
sermons,  174.3,  '57,  '58.  '62,  '63,  '68. 

Barnard,  Thomas,  1748-1814,  minister  in  Salem, 
Massachusetts,  pub.  sermons,  1786,  (at  the  ordination  of 
A.  Baueroft.)  'SO,  'Ito,  "94,  "95,  '96,  1803,  "06. 

Barnard,  Mm.,  Bjp.of  Derry.  Serm.  Matt.  iii.  9,  1752. 
Barnard,  Wm.     Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.  1773-80. 
Barnard  is  sometimes  written  Bernard,  q.  i\ 
Barnardiston,  J.,  Master  of  Corpus  Christi  College. 
Serm.  i)reached  before  the  House  of  Commons,  Matt.  xsii. 
21,  1766. 

Barnardiston,  Thomas.  Reports  of  Cases  in  the 
High  Court  of  Chancery,  13  and  14  Geo.  II.,  from  April 
25,  1740,  to  May  9, 1741;  folio,  Lon.,  1742.  Respecting 
the  merits  of  these  reports  there  has  been  a  wide  differ- 
ence of  opinion.  Lord  Mansfield,  who  knew  the  reporter, 
and  was  at  the  b.ar  when  the  reports  were  taken,  consi- 
dered them  as  lacking  authority,  and  went  so  far  as  to  for- 
bid counsel  to  refer  to  them  in  arguing  cases  before  him. 
We  find  the  following  anecdote  in  Marvin's  Legal  Bibl. 

"Mr.  Preston,  in  an  arjiument  before  the  Lord  Chancellor,  re- 
marked,— '  We  come  now,  my  lord,  to  the  important  case  of  Eliot 
I'.  Merryman,  on  which  conveyancers  have  at  all  times  relied  as 
very  material  to  the  law  affecting  the  case  now  before  the  court, 
which  is  in  Barnardiston's  Reports.'  Lord  Lyndhurst:  '  Barnardis- 
ton, Mr.  Preston!  I  fear  th.at  is  a  book  of  no  ^reat  authority ;  I 
recollect,  in  my  younger  days,  it  was  said  of  Barnardiston,  that 
be  w.as  accustomed  to  slumber  over  his  note-book,  and  the  wags 
in  his  rear  took  the  opportunity  of  scribbling  nonsense  into  it.' 
Mr.  Preston :  '  There  are  some  cases  in  Barnardiston,  which  in  my 
experience,  and  having  had  frequent  occasion  to  compare  that  re- 
porter's cases  with  the  same  cases  elsewhere,  I  have  found  to  be 
the  only  sensible  and  intelligible  reports,  and  I  trust  I  shall  show 
your  lordship  that  it  may  be  said  of  Barnardiston,  no7i  ovmibtis 
dormio.'  Lord  Manners,  relying  on  a  case  in  these  reports,  says : 
'  Although  Barnardiston  is  not  considered  a  very  correct  reporter, 
yet  some  of  his  cases  are  very  accurately  reported.'  And  Lord 
Eldon.  in  reference  to  the  same  work,  observed. '  I  take  the  liberty 
of  saying,  that  in  that  book  there  are  reports  of  very  great  autho- 
rity.'" The  doubts  as  to  the  accuracy  of  the  reporter,  have  led,  in 
several  instances,  to  a  comparison  of  the  volumes  with  the  regis- 
ter's book,  which  proves  that  Barnardiston.  for  the  most  part,  has 
correctly  reported  the  decisions  of  the  Court.  These  reports  have 
a  peculiar  value,  from  th.-  f;irt  of  containing  the  decisions  of  the 
great  Lord  Hardwicke;  and  if  the  author  has  occasionally  ikUen 


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f  into  slight  errors,  they  are  n^'Uher  so  glaring,  or  numerous,  as  to 

I  detract  much  from  their  merits,  or  rendo-  them  unworthy  of  a 

place  in  every  lawyer's  lihrary." 
Reports  of  Cases  in  the  Court  of  King's  Bench,  &c.,  from 
1726-31.    2  vols,  folio,  Lon.,  1744.    Frequently  condemned, 
and  yet  often  cited.     Tiie  accuracy  of  some  of  the  reports 
is  proved  by  a  comparison  with  other  reporters. 

"  Not  of  much  authority  in  general." — Lord  Kenton.    See  "Wal- 
lace's Report*?rs;  Marvin's  Legal  Bibl. 
Barnby,  Mrs.    Novels,  1803,  '4,  '8. 
Barne,  Miles.     Sermon.s,  1670,  '75,  '82,  '83,  '84. 
Bariie,Thos.  Serm.  at  Paul's  Crosse,1591.  Oxf.,1591. 

Barnes,  Major .    Tour  through  St.  Helena,  1817. 

Barnes,  Albert,  b.  1798,  is  a  native  of  Rome,  New 
York.  In  1817  he  entered  FairBeld  Academy,  Connecti- 
cut, where  he  remained  nearly  three  years.  In  1819  he 
entered  the  senior  class  of  Hamilton  College,  and  gradu- 
ated in  July,  1820.  He  had  intended  devoting  himself  to 
the  practice  of  the  law,  but  was  led  by  convictions  of  duty 
to  prepare  for  the  ministry.  He  pursued  his  theological 
studies  at  the  Princeton  Seminary.  He  was  licensed  April 
23,  1823,  at  Lawrenceville,  New  Jersey,  by  the  Presbytery 
of  Elizabethtown.  After  preaching  at  various  places  in 
Connecticut,  Massachusetts,  and  New  Jersey,  he  took 
charge  of  the  First  Presbyterian  Church  in  Morristown, 
New  Jersey.  In  1839  he  received  a  call  from  the  First  Pres- 
byterian Church  in  Philadelphia,  and  was  installed  June  25, 
1830,  and  still  continues  pastor  of  that  congregation,  (1858.) 
"The  particulars  of  the  ecclesiastical  experience  of  this 
eminently  useful  and  highly  esteemed  gentleman  it  does 
not  come  within  our  province  to  notice. 

In  this  country  and  iu  Great  Britain,  Mr.  Barnes  (for 
he  h.as  repeatedly  refused  the  title  of  D.D.  from  conscien- 
tious motives)  is  widely  known  for  his  commentaries  on 
the  books  of  the  New  Testament,  (pub.  at  intervals,  in 
eleven  volumes,)  on  Job,  Isaiah,  and  Daniel.  The  notes 
upon  the  New  Testament  have  been  very  extensively  cir- 
culated among  Sunday-school  teachers,  aud  others,  and 
form  one  of  the  most  useful  instrumentalities  in  the  Scrip- 
tural education  of  the  young.  With  the  doctrinal  views 
of  the  author  we  have  here  nothing  to  do :  it  is  however 
but  justice  to  others  to  remark  that  many  of  the  eminent 
gentlemen  whose  favourable  opinions  of  Mr.  Barnes  we 
shall  quote  below,  do  not  coincide  with  his  views  in  seve- 
ral important  points. 

"  Mr.  Barnes's  style  is  plain,  simple,  and  direct ;  and  though  bis 
pages  teem  with  the  malerid  of  deep  scholarship,  yet  he  is.  for  the 
most  part,  eminently  happy  in  making  himself  intelligible  and 
interesting  to  every  class;  while  the  rich  practical  remarks,  every 
now  .and  then  grafted  upon  the  critical  details,  transfuse  the  de- 
votional spirit  of  the  writer  into  the  bosom  of  his  reader." — Amer 
Biblical  Repontory. 

"We  here  have  a  work  [Notes  on  the  Epistle  to  the  Romans] 
better  calculated,  probably,  than  any  other  single  volume  that 
could  be  named,  to  furnish  a  correct  and  competent  acquaintance 
with  that  important  part  of  .Scripture  of  which  it  treats,— and  one 
that  m.ay  be  .safely  recommended  to  all  classes,  not  only  on  this 
particular  ground,  but  also  on  its  general  merits  a,s  a  manual  of 
Christian  doctrines  and  of  Christian  ethics— of  expeiimental  and 
practical  godliness.  We  should  like  to  see  it  iu  the  hands  of  all 
our  young  people." — CungregntionaJ  Magazine. 

Of  the  same  work  the  Rev.  James  Hamilton  remarks  : 
"Judging  from  that  specimen  I  cannot  but  rejoice  in  the  popu- 
larity and  extensive  circulation  of  the  work.  [The  Notes  on  the 
New  Testament.]  The  notes  are  simple,  direct,  and  s.atisfactory ; 
the  production  of  a  mind  clear,  fresh,  and  furnished  with  abun- 
dant learnmg,  which  is  not  ostentatious  of  itself." 

The  late  very  distinguished  divine,  Rev.  J.  Pye  Smith, 
D.D.,  remarks : 

"Of  Barnes's  Notes  on  the  New  Testament.  I  pmchased,  as  they 
arrived,  the  volumes  of  the  New  York  edition." 

"  The  Notes  of  Albert  Barnes,  practical  and  explanatory,  on  the 
New  Testament,  possess  great  excellence.  They  give  within  a 
short  compass  the  results  of  extensive  reading  and  of  much 
thought:  and  they  generally  bring  out  the  sense'of  the  text  with 
clearness  .and  force."— iJcr.  William  Lindesay,  D.D.,  Prof.  Bib  Criti- 
cism. U.  P.  Si/nod. 

"  Barnes  has  many  excellencies  as  a  comment.ator.  His  indus- 
try IS  great,  and  he  has  made  a  free  but  not  unfair  use  of  all  avail- 
able sources  of  information.  Possessed  natiu-allv  of  a  clear  and 
vigorous  underst.anding,  his  opinions  are  uniformly  expressed  in 
a  brief,  perspicuous  manner.  He  has  a  singular  iacility  in  draw- 
ing practical  conclusions  from  the  doctrinal  statements  and  his- 
torical incidents  of  the  Scripture.  They  are  distinguished  by  good 
sense  and  piety;  they  are  natural  without  being  obvious:  and 
often  so  stnkmg  and  pointed  as  to  p.artake  of  the  character  of 
ongmahty.  —Bcv.  A.  McMiclmd,  Prof,  of  Ecdes.  Hist.  U.  P.  Synod 
"  I  have  perused  a  considerable  portion  of  Barnes's  Notes  on  the 
New  Testament  to  ascertain  their  suitableness  for  the  use  of  Sal^ 
bath-school  teachers,  and  for  the  instruction  of  the  young  in  fa- 
milies. These  notes  are  neither  very  learned  nor  very  profound  ■ 
but  they  are  characterized  by  good  sense,  earnest  piety,  and  the 
natural  graces  of  a  style  remarkable  for  its  simplicity  and  ease  "— 
ICev.  W.  it.  Hdherinritnn,  LL.D..  Fm  .St.  Paul's.  Elinburgh. 

••  Barnes  is  so  well  known  in  this  country  .as  a  commentator  who 
tombines  some  of  the  most  important  qualifications  for  the  work 


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he  has  undert.aken,  that  he  needs  no  further  recommendation.  I 
know  no  guide  to  the  understanding  of  the  sacred  oracles  more 
trustworthy.  With  respectable  biblical  scholarship,  there  is  con- 
nected so  much  of  evangelical  sentiment,  and  genuine  spiritu- 
ality of  mind,  that  I  earnestly  wish  the  work  were  in  the  hands 
of  all  persons  who  .are  engaged  as  missionaries  or  teachers  of  the 
young." — Pev.  Wdliani  Brock,  Bloomsbury,  Lmidtm. 

"  I  consider  Barnes's  Notes  on  the  New  Testament  to  be  one  of 
the  most  vahi.able  boons  bestowed  in  these  latter  days  on  the 
Church  of  Christ.  The  perspicuous  and  forcible  manner  in  which 
he  presents  the  sense  of  Scripture,  and  the  decidedly  practical 
hearing  with  which  he  universally  invests  his  expositions,  cannot 
fail  to  recommend  the  work  to  all  persons  of  enlightened  and 
vigorous  piety." — Rev.  E.  Henderson,  D.D.,  London. 

"Barnes's  Notes  on  the  New  Testament  are  entitled  to  recom- 
mendation for  their  general  simplicity  and  practical  usefulness. 
They  are  of  such  a  description  that  they  may  be  read  with  interest 
:  and  profit  by  all."— ijcf.  Alex.  HiU,  D.D.,  Prof,  of  Divinity  m  the 
I  University  of  Glasgow. 

I  "  There  are  some  peculiar  excellencies  in  Barnes,  and  these  are 
such,  and  so  important,  as  to  give  his  book  special  claims  on  our 
attention  and  gratitude.  The  clearness  and  simplicity  of  his  ex- 
position, his  devotional  spirit,  and  his  practical  remarks,  greatly 
'  enhance  his  commentary." — Rev.  Janes  Morgan,  D.D.,  Belfast. 
_  "  Ilis  style  is  gener.ally  plain  and  perspicuous,  but  where  occa- 
sion offers,  energetic  and  effective." — Rev.  H.  Coole,  D.D.,  LL.D 
Belfast. 

"  The  primary  design  of  B.arnes's  Commentary  on  the  New  Tes- 
tament, is  to  furnish  Sunday-school  teachers  with  a  plain  and 
simple  explanation  of  the  more  common  difficulties  of  the  book 
which  it  is  their  province  to  teach.  For  this  purpose  it  is  admi- 
rably adapted :  and  if  it  be  carefully  perused  by  the  interesting 
class  of  benefectors  for  whose  advantage  it  is  immediately  in- 
tended, it  cannot  fail,  under  the  divine  blessing,  greatly  to  ad- 
vance their  efficiency  and  usefulness." — Rev.  David  King,  LL.D., 
United  Presb.  Church,  Glasgow. 

The  above  opinions,  which  are  all  connected  with  com- 
mendations of  Blackie  &  Son's  (Glasgow,  Edin.,  and  Lon.) 
edition,  with  supplementary  notes,  are  the  more  to  be 
prized,  as  each  one  of  the  divines  cited  objects  to  some  of 
Mr.  Barnes's  doctrinal  views.  The  supplementary  notes 
are  intended,  and  by  these  gentlemen  accepted,  as  correct- 
ives to  this  real  or  supposed  want  of  soundness  in  the  faith. 
We  subjoin  an  expression  of  opinion  from  a  very  distin- 
guished authority  : 

"  Barnes  is  an  admirable  commentator.  The  e.ase  and  vigour  of 
his  style:  the  clear  and  natural  manner  in  which  he  elicits  the 
sen.se  of  the  text:  the  point,  varietv,  and  impressiveness  of  his 
practical  reflections,  and  the  evangelical  .spirit  which  pervades  the 
whole,  combine  to  render  him  deservedly  popular."— ii'«i.  John 
Ha7'ris.  D.D..  Author  of  Mammon,  dc. 

"  Mr.  Barnes  has  attained  to  .iust  celebrity  both  in  .America  and 
England,  as  a  sound  and  judicious  expositor  of  Holy  Scripture. 
His  comments  on  Isaiah,  on  the  Gospels,  on  the  Acts  of  the  Apos- 
tles, and  on  the  Epistle  to  the  Romans,  have  all  enhanced  his 
credit  as  'a  scribe  well  instructed  in  the  mysteries  of  the  king- 
dom.' As  an  interpreter  of  the  word  of  God,  he  is  remark.ably  free 
from  vague  hypothesis  and  hazardous  speculation." — Lon.  Ev.  M. 

The  sale  of  the  eleven  vols,  of  Notes  on  the  New  Testa- 
ment is  said  to  have  reached  nearly  400,000  vols,  up  to 
1856.  Inquiry  into  the  Scriptural  Views  of  Slavery,  1 2mo : 
new  ed.,  1857.  Manual  of  Prayers.  12mo.  Sermons  on 
Revivals,  12mo.  The  Way  of  Salvation,  12mo.  Practical 
Sermons  designed  for  Vacant  Congregations,  12mo.  The 
Church  and  Slavery,  1857, 12mo.  Prayers  adapted  to  Family 
Worship;  now  ed.,  1858, 12mo.  Miscellaneous  Essays  and 
Reviews,  N.  York,  1855,  2  vols.  12mo.  The  Atonement,  in 
it.s  Relations  to  Law  and  Moral  Government,  1859,  12mo. 

Barnes,  Barnaby,  b.  about  1569,  was  younger  son 
to  Dr.  Barnes,  Ei.=hop  of  Durham.  He  became  a  student 
of  Brasenose  College  in  1586,  and  left  without  a  degree. 
In  1591,  according  to  Dr.  Bliss.  (Athen.  Oxon.,  edit.  1816,) 
he  accompanied  the  Earl  of  Essex  info  France.  He  re- 
lieved his  military  duties  by  writing  sonnets,  Ac. 

Parthenophil  and  Parthenope.  Sonnettcs,  Madrigals, 
Elegies,  and  Odes.  The  Printer's  Address  is  dated  May, 
1593  ;  see  an  account  of  this  volume  in  Beloe's  Anecdotes, 
vol.  ii.  pp.  77-79.  Many  of  the  Sonnettes  are  inscribed  to 
Henry,  Earl  of  Southampton  ;  the  most  vertuous,  learned, 
and  bewtifull  Ladie  Marie,  Countesse  of  Pembrooke;  to 
the  right  vertuous  and  most  bewtifull,  the  Lady  Strangue. 
The  Lady  Brigett  M.anners,  Ac.  Neither  Wood  nor  Watt 
seem  to  hiive  known  any  thing  of  this  book.  A  copy  in 
the  Bib.  Anglo-Poet,  is  priced  £30.  The  opening  sonnet 
is  in  a  very  pious  strain  : 

"  Thy  wounds,  my  Cure,  deare  Sauiour !  I  desire 
To  pearce  my  thoughts  I  thy  fierie  Cherubinne, 
(By  kindling  my  desires,)  true  zeale  t'  infuse. 
Thy  lone  my  theame,  and  Holy  Ghost  my  muse." 

The  Sonnettes  are  100  in  number,  and  are  succeeded  by 
a  Hymne  to  the  glorious  honovr  of  the  most  blessed  and 
indivisible  Trinitie.  A  Divine  Centvrie  of  Spiritual  Son- 
nets, Lon.,  1595 ;  reprinted  in  the  second  vol.  of  the  Hcli- 
eonia.     Dedicated  to  Dr.  Tobie  Matbew. 

Foure  Bookes  of  Offices,  enabling  privat  Persons  for  the 
speoiall  Service  of  all  good  Princes  and  Policies,  Lon., 

L25 


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IC06  Wio.  cledicatcd  to  King  James.     See  Rcstitata,  vol. 
iv.  p.  127-135.  .  . 

Devil's  Charter,  a  Tragcedie ;  conteining  the  Lilc  and 
Death  of  Pope  Alexander  the  Si.xt,  Lon.,  1607,  Ito.  Barnes 
in  1598  wrote  a  Sonnet,  prefixed  to  Florio's  World  of 
Words;  in  1606  he  presented  another,  printed  as  a  pre- 
faee  to  Fame's  Memorial  to  Ford,  and  in  the  same  year 
translated  Cicero's  Offices.  See  Ellis's  Specimens  for  seve- 
ral of  Barnes's  Sonnets,  which  "at  least  have  the  merit  of 
comhining  an  arhitrary  recurrence  of  rhyme  with  the  dig- 
nified freedom  of  blank  verse."  We  have  an  amusing  spe- 
cimen «f  humility  in  his  dedication  of  his  Offices  to  King 
James  :  he  presents  his  work  "  under  a  speeiall  pardon  for 
his  boldness  in  daring  to  do  it  as  a  poore  unlearned  schol- 
ler,  which  offereth  his  ignorance  in  some  rude  exercise 
unto  his  learned  schoole-mastcr." 

"  So  little  however  is  his  work  to  he  resuvded  as  proceedinfrfrom 
the  head  or  hand  of  an  unlearned  scholar,  that  it  consists  chietl.v 
of  citations  from  the  writings  of  the  ancient  histonans,  philos(> 
pheis,  and  poets,  wh"  iienned  their  productions  m  the  Greek  and 
Latinlancuages."— /(.rfifu/u:  Seea?i(e.  „       ..  , 

Barnes,  Daniel  H.,  d.  1818,  a  Baptist  preacher, 
anil  an  eminent  conchologist  of  New  York,  originated  and 
conducted,  in  conjunction  with  Dr.  Griscom,  the  high 
school  of  New  York  ;  he  was  also  an  active  member  ot  the 
Lyceum  of  natural  history  in  that  city.  He  presided  over 
several  seminaries,  and  refused  the  presidency  of  the  col- 
lege at  Washington  City.  He  contributed  several  valuable 
papers,  illustrated  by  explanatory  plates  on  Conchology, 
to  Silliman's  Journal,  viz..  Geological  Section  of  the  Ca- 
naan Mountain,  v.  S-21;  Memoir  on  the  genera  unio  and 
alasmodonta,  with  numerous  figures,  vi.  107-127,  258-280  ; 
Five  species  of  chiton,  with  figures,  vii.  69-72  ;  Memoir  on 
batrachian  animals,  and  doubtful  reptiles,  xi.  269-297, 
xiii  66-70.  On  magnetic  polarity,  xiii.  70-73  ;  Reclama- 
tion of  Unios,  xiii.  358-364.  (Sill.  Jour.  xv.  401;  Allen's 
Amer.  Biog.  Diet.)  .   .  ,0-1 

Barnes,  David,  D.D.,  1731-1811,  minister  of  Soitu- 
ate,  Massachusetts,  pub.  Sermons,  1756,  '95,  1800,  '01,  '02, 
and  1803.  A  volume  of  his  sermons,  with  a  biographical 
sketch,  has  been  puldished. 

Barnes,  E.  W.,  a  native  of  Portsmouth,  New  Hamp- 
shire, has  pub.  a  number  of  compositions  in  poetry  and 
prose  in  Annu.als  and  Magazines. 

Barnes,  George.    Cicero,  or  the  Complete  Orator, 

in  3  Books  or  Dialogues,  ic.     Trans,  into  English,  1762. 

Barnes,  Henry.     Leg.al   Trcati-ses,  Ac.     Notes   of 

Cases  in  point  of  Practice,  taken  in  the  Court  of  Common 

Pleas,  1732-60.     Best  ed.  2  vols.,  Lon.,  1815. 

"  The  casos  in  this  volume  are  very  briefly  reported,  and  are  not 
.always  to  bo  relied  on.  Indeed,  it  could  hardly  be  expected,  in  a 
volume  containing  more  than  2500  cases,  upon  points  of  practice 
decided  by  various  Judges,  whose  opinions  were  not  .always  coinci- 
(Ji.nt.  th.at  tliere  would  tie  uniformity  and  agreement  throughout. 
^Man^in's  Legal  Bihl.  -^  ,,       ,     -n  l 

We  extract  some  opinions  from  W.allace  s  Keporters, 
which,  with  the  volume  cited  above,  should  be  in  the  library 
of  every  lawyer  and  man  of  general  reading.  Both  of 
these  excellent  manuals  have  become  very  scarce,  and 
should  be  reprinted.  . 

"  Barnes  has  in  general  reported  the  practice  of  the  court  witb 
accuracy." — Sir  Francis  Buller. 

"Many  cases  reported  in  Barnes  are  not  law.  —MR.  Justice 

HE.iTH, 


"  When  a  '  rule  absolute'  was  claimed  from  Chief  Justice  Abbot, 
and  Barnes  was  instanced  as  authority,  the  chief  justice  replied, 
'You  may  find  rules  absolute  in  Barnes  for  any  thing.'" 

"  Barnes  is  an  authority  of  little  weight.  ...  His  cases  are  so 
contradictory  that  they  destroy  each  other."— Wn.UiM8,  of  Uk  It- 
York  Bar.  ,  .  .    .    ,       .J  * 

'I  The  cases  cited  from  Barnes  are  good  as  historical  evidence  to 
rrove  the  point  of  prartice  in  issue."— Ciiancei.i.oe  Kest. 

"  Barnes  is  good  authority.  I  believe,  for  points  ot  practice,  thougll 
for  little  beside."— Chief  Jostice  Oibsos  nf  Penn 
Barnes,  J.     Educational  works,  1811-12. 
Barnes,  John,  an  English  Roman  Catholic,  of-a  Lan- 
cashire family,  studied  for  some  time  at  Oxford, 

"  But  bein"  alw.ays  in  aniim  OithoUms.  he  left  it,  and  his  coun- 
try, and  going  into  Spain,  was  instructed  in  Philosophy  and  Di- 
vinity by  the  fiimous  Doctor  J.  Alp.  Curicd,  who  was  wont  to  Ciill 
Barnes  by  the  name  of  John  Huss.  because  of  a  spirit  of  contra- 
diction which  was  always  observed  in  him."— Wood. 

In  1625,  at  which  period  ho  was  one  of  the  confessors 
of  the  Abbey  of  Chelles,  he  pub.  a  work  against  ment.al 
reservation,  entitled  Dissertatio  contra  equivocationes, 
Paris :  a  French  trans,  was  pub.  at  the  same  timo._  Theo- 
philus  Raynaud  attempted  to  answer  this  book  in  1627. 
In  the  same  year,  Barnes  wrot«  Catholico-Romanus  Paci- 
ficns:  an  edition  was  pub.  at  Oxford  in  1680  :  part  of  it 
had  been  before  made  use  of  by  Dr.  Basiro  in  his  Ancient 
Liberty  of  the  Britannic  Church.  He  also  wrote  an  an- 
swer to  Clement  Reyner's  Apostolatus  BcQedictinorum  in 
136 


BAR 

AnMia.  Wood  tells  us  that  "  This  learned  person  being  n 
very  moderate  man  in  his  opinion,  and  deeply  sensible  by 
his  great  readins  and  observation  of  several  corruptions 
of  the  Romish  Church  and  Doctrine,  which  partly  were 
expressed  in  his  Discourse,  but  mostly  in  a  book  which  ho 
wrote,  called  Catholico-Romanus  Pacifieus,"  4c.  Barnes 
was  seized  in  Paris,  "was  carried  out  from  the  midst  ol 
that  city  by  force,  was  divested  of  his  habit,  and  like  a 
four-footed  brute,  was  in  a  b.arbarous  manner  tied  to  a 
hor=e,  and  violently  hurried  away  into  Flanders.'  He 
escaped  from  prison  at  Mechlin,  but  was  retaken  and  thrown 
into  a  prison  of  the  Inquisition,  where  he  died  after  thirty 
years'  confinement.  Wood  repels  with  scorn  the  story  of 
Barnes's  insanity  whilst  in  prison  : 

•■  Certain  fierce  people  at  Rome,  being  not  contented  with  his 
Death,  have  endeavoured  to  extinguish  his  iame,  boldly  pubhsh- 
ing  that  he  died  distracted." 

Barnes,  John.  An  Essay  on  Fate,  and  other  Poems. 
Published  at  the  age  of  14,  1807. 

Barnes,  John.  A  Tour  through  France,  1816. 
Barnes,  Joseph.  The  Praise  of  Mane,  Oxford. 
Barnes,  Joshua,  1654-1712,  a  learned  divine,  and 
professor  of  Greek  at  Cambridge,  was  a  native  of  London. 
He  was  educated  at  Christ's  Hospital,  where  his  early  pro- 
ficiency in  Greek  was  the  subject  of  remark.  In  1671  he 
was  admitted  a  servitor  in  Emanuel  College,  Cambridge, 
was  elected  fellow  in  1678,  and  in  1686  took  the  degree  of 
B  D  In  1696  he  was  chosen  Greek  professor  of  the  Uni- 
versity of  Cambridge.  In  his  15th  year  he  pub.  a  collec-  ' 
tion  of  English  poems,  and  was  interested  at  an  early  age 
in  several  other  works.  Ho  gave  to  the  world  in  16i5, 
Geramia.  or  a  New  Discovery  of  a  little  sort  of  People, 
called  Pigmies.  In  the  next  year  appeared  his  poetical 
paraphrase  of  the  History  of  Esther,  which  had  been  for 
a  long  time  in  preparation.  Select  Discourses  appeared  in 
1680  In  1688  was  pub.  The  History  of  that  most  victo- 
rious monarch,  Edward  III.  The  author  has  imitated 
Thucydides  in  putting  long  speeches  into  the  mouths  ol 
his  characters.     Nicolson  remarks : 

"  Above  all,  Mr.  Joshua  Barnes  has  diligently  collected  whatever 
was  to  be  had,  far  and  near,  upon  the  several  passages  of  this  great 
Kinn-'s  iei"n.  Ilis  ijuotjitions  are  many ;  .and  generally,  his  authors 
are  as  well  chosen  as  such  a  multitude  can  be  supposed  to  have 
been.  His  inferences  are  not  always  becoming  a  st.atesman  ;  and 
sometimes  his  digressions  are  tedious.  His  deriving  of  the  famous 
institution  of  the  Garter  from  the  Phtenicians.  is  extremely  oblig- 
ing to  good  Mr.  Sammes:  but  came  too  late,  it  seems,  to  Mr.  Ash- 
mole's  knowledge,  or  otherwise  would  have  bid  fair  for  a  choice  post 
of  honour  in  liiselaboiMte  book.  In  short,  this  industrious  author 
seems  to  have  driven  his  work  too  fast  to  the  press,  before  he  h.id 
provided  an  index,  and  some  other  accoutrements,  which  nught 
have  rendered  it  more  serviceable  to  his  readers.'  —Enyhsli  Mislo- 
rical  Library. 

The  want  of  an  index !     How  often  have  we  groaned 
over  indcxlcss  books  !     How  often  have  we  been  obliged  to 
do  for  ourselves  what  the  witless  author  would  not  do  lor 
us— and  make  an  index  to  his  book !     His  edition  of  Euri- 
pides, dedicated  to  Charles,  Duke  of  Somerset,  was  pub.  m 
1694.     In  1705  appeared  his  Anaereon,  dedicated  to  the 
Duke  of  Marlborough;  and  in  1701  he  pub.  an  edition  of 
Homer :  the  Hiad  dedicated  to  the  Earl  of  Pembroke,  and 
the  Odyssey  to  the  Earl  of  Nottingham.     He  wrote  many 
other  treatises,  a  list  of  which,  including  those  which  he 
had  published,  and  those  which  he  contemplated  giving  to 
the  world,  will  be  found  prefixed  to  the  edition  of  his  Ana- 
ereon, pub.  in  1705.     Wc  here  find  enumerated  no  less  than 
43  works  !     His  facility  in  writing  and  speaking  Greek  was 
remarkable.     He  tells  us  in  the  parody  of  Homer,  prefixed 
to  his  poem  on  Esther,  that  he  could  compose  sixty  Greek 
verses  in  an  hour.     He  also  avows  in  the  preface  to  Esther 
that  he  found  it  much  easier  to  write  his  annotations  m 
Greek  than  in  Latin,  or  even  in  English,  "  since  the  orna- 
ments of  poetry  are  almost  peculiar  to  the  Greeks,  and 
since  he  had  for  many  years  been  extremely  conversant  in 
Homer,  the  great  father  and  source  of  the  Greek  poetry. 
He  could  ofl'-haud  turn  a  paragraph  in  a  newspaper,  or  a 
hawker's  bill,  into  any  kind  of  Greek  metre,  and  has  been 
often  knowu  to  do  so  among  his  Cambridge  friends.     Dr. 
Bentley  used  to  say  of  Barnes  that  he  "understood  as 
much  Greek  as  a  Greek  cobbler :"  meaning  doubtless  by 
this  that  he  had  rather  the  "  colloquial  readiness  of  a  vulgar 
mechanic,"  than  the  erudition,  taste,  .and  judgment  of  a 
scholar.     The  inscription  suggested  for  his  monument- 
first  used  by  Menage  in  his  satire  upon  Pierre  Montmanr— 
we  think  too  profane  for  repetition.     The  Greek  Anaereon- 
tiques  written  for  his  monument  have  been  thus  translated 
"Kind  Barnes,  adorn'd  by  every  Muse, 
Each  Greek  in  his  own  art  out-does : 
No  Orator  was  ever  greater; 
No  poet  ever  chanted  sweeter. 


BAR 


BAR 


H'  excellel  id  Grammar  ^lystery, 
And  the  Black  Prince  of  History: 
And  a  Divine  the  most  profound 
That  ever  trod  on  Enplish  ground." 

See  the  Biog.  Brit.,  where  find,  also,  this  note: 

"  Mr.  Barnes  read  a  small  Eniilieh  BiMe.  that  he  usually  carried 
alxiut  with  him,  one  hundred  and  twenty-one  times  over,  at  leisure 
Imurs." 

All  this  is  upon  his  monument. 

Barnes,  Juliana.     Sec  Berners. 

Barnes,  Philip  Edward,  B.A..  b.  1815,  Norwich, 
Englaud.  Electoral  Law  of  Belgium,  1851.  Translator 
of  i)'Aul>i,e;ne's  History  of  the  Reformation  in  France,  1853. 

Barnes,  Ralph.     Assize  Sermon,  1759. 

Barnes,  Ralph.  1.  Office  of  Sheriff,  1816.  2.  Rela- 
tive to  Modus  for  Tythes,  181S.  3.  Voting  at  County 
Elections,  1818. 

Barnes,  Robert,  a  reformer  and  martyr  in  the  reign 
of  Henry  VIII.,  came  to  the  stake  in  consequence  of  ad- 
vocating Luther's  doctrines,  in  answer  to  a  sermon  of 
Bishop  Gardiner.  He  wrote  Supplicacion  vnto  Prynce  H. 
the  VIII.  The  Cause  of  my  Condempnation.  The  hole 
Disputacion  between  the  Byshops  and  Doctour  Barnes, 
London,  by  me,  Johan  Byddell,  1534, 4to.  Again,  by  Hugh 
Syngelton  sine  anno.  Articles  of  his  Faith,  pub.  in  Latin 
and  in  Dutch.  Vitce  Romanorum  Pontificum,  Ac.  The 
list  extends  from  St.  Peter  to  Alexander  II.,  pub.  with  a 
preface  by  Luther  at  Wirtemberg,  1536;  afterwards  at 
Leyden,  1615,  together  with  Bale's  Lives  of  the  Popes. 
Luther  pub.  an  account  of  the  martyrdom  of  this  holy  man. 
Works  collected  by  John  Fox,  Lon.,  1573  :  this  edition  in- 
cludes the  works  of  W.  Tyndall  and  John  Frith. 

Barnes,  Robt.,  of  Mag.  Coll.  Visit.  Scr.,  Oxf.,  1626. 

Barnes,  Robert,  M.D.,  b.  1816.  Norwich,  England. 
Pamphlets  andMemoirs  on  Obstetrics, Hygiene, &c.,lS50, '58. 

Barnes,  Robt.,  of  Mag.  CoU.  Vist.  Ser.,  Oxf.,  1626. 

Barnes,  S.    Con.  to  Med.  Chir.  Trans.,  1S18. 

Barnes,  Susan  Rebecca,  an  American  poetess,  is 
a  daughter  of  Mr.  Richard  H.  Ayer  of  the  city  of  Man- 
chester, in  New  Hampshire. 

"  Her  poems  are  marked  "by  many  felicities  of  expression;  and 
they  fiequently  combine  a  masculine  vifjour  of  style,  with  tender- 
ness and  a  passionato  earnestness  of  feeling.'" — Gruivohl's  Female 
Foels  of  America,  where  see  specimens:  Imalee.  &c. 

"  Her  poems  have  been  favourably  received,  and  show  greater 
strength  and  vi^^our  than  those  that  are  written  by  the  generality 
of  her  sex."' — Woman's  Record. 

Barnes,  Thomas,  a  Puritan  divine  of  the  17th  cen- 
tury, \B  mentioned  by  Cole  as  one  of  the  authors  of  the 
"Dniversity  of  Cambridge.  Among  his  productions  is  The 
Wise  Man's  Forecast  against  the  Evil  Time,  Lon.,  1624; 
reprinted  in  the  Harleian  Miscellany. 

Barnes,  Thomas.  A  Discourse  on  Esod.  sxxiii.  14, 
Lon.,  1702. 

Barnes,  Thomas.     Of  Propagat.  Shrubs,  Lon.,  175S. 

Barnes,  Thomas,  1747-1810,  a  Presbyterian  minis- 
ter, had,  for  thirty  years,  charge  of  a  congregation  in  Man- 
chester, England.  He  pub.  in  1786  A  Discourse  upon  the 
commencement  of  the  Academy :  an  institution  at  Man- 
chester, over  which  he  presided  from  17S6  to  1798.  He 
contributed  some  papers  to  the  Trans.  Manchester  Society, 
and  to  other  periodicals. 

A  Funeral  Sermon  on  the  Death  of  the  Rev.  Thomas 
Threlked  of  Rochdale,  April  13,  1806. 

This  Mr.  Threlked  possessed  a  most  remarkable  memory : 

"  He  was  a  perfect  Living  Concordance  to  the  Scriptures.  You 
could  not  mention  thrcL^  words,  except  perhaps  those  words  of  mere 
connectwn  which  occur  iu  hundreds  of  passages,  to  which  he  could 
not  immediately,  without  hesitation,  assign  "the  Chapter  sind.  Verse 
where  they  were  to  be  found.  And  inversely,  upon  mentioning 
the  Chapter  and  Verse,  he  could  repeat  the  W.u'd^.  It  was.  as  might 
Vje  expected,  a  fiivourite  amusement  of  his  fellow  students  to  try 
his  powers,  and  they  were  never  known  to  fail  him  in  a  single  in- 
stance. This  Faculty  continued  with  him  unimpaired,  to  the  d:iy 
of  bis  death.  For,  astonishing  as  the  assertion  may  appear,  it  is 
believed  by  all  his  friendstobeliterfdly  true,  thatheneverthrough 
his  whole  life  forgot  one  single  number,  or  date  combined  with  any 
name  or  fact,  when  they  had  been  once  joined  together,  and  laid 
up  in  bis  Memory.  When  once  there,  they  were  engraved  as  upon 
marble." 

Thomas  Barnes  has  been  well  called 

''  A  man  of  uncommon  activity  and  diligence  with  his  pen.  and 
is  said  to  have  written  many  hundred  sermons  which  he  never 
preached :  a  fact  very  extraordinary  if  we  consider  the  number  he 
must  have  lieen  nblified  to  preach  in  the  rourse  of  forty-two  years." 

Barnes,  William.     Epigrams,  Lon.,  ISns. 

Barnes,  William  Geo.  Sermons  and  Discourses, 
Lon.,  1752. 

"The  subjects  of  these  discourses  are  chiefly  practical;  and  tho' 
there  is  nothing  very  striking  or  animated  in  them,  yet  they  are 
worthy  the  perusal  of  all  serious  and  well  disposed  persons." — 
Lon.  Mfmihly  Heview. 

Baruet*     God's  Lift-up  Hand  for  Lancashire,  1648. 


Barnet,  A.     Funer.^1  Sermon,  Ps.  ii.  3,  4,  1794. 

Baruett,  Richard.  Odes,  1761.  Lat.  &  Eng.  Poems, 
1809. 

Barnewall,  R.  V.  Reports  of  Cases  in  King's  Bench, 
with  E.  H.  Alderson.  1817-1822,  pub.  in  5  vols.,  Lon., 
lSlS-1822.  (A  continuation  of  Maule  and  Selwyn's  Re- 
ports.) With  C.  Cresswell,  1822-1830.  pub.  in  10  vols., 
Lon.,  1830-1835;  with  J.  L.  Adolphus.  1830  to  H.  T. 
4  Wm.  IV.,  pub.  in  5  vols.,  Lon.,  1831-1835.  Continued  bv 
Adclphus  and  Ellis,  1835-1856. 

Barntield,  Barnefield,  or  Barnefielde,  Rich- 
ard, b.  1574,  was  entered  at  Brasenose  College,  Oxford, 
in  1589.  He  wrote  The  Affectionate  Shepherd,  pub.  1594, 
12mo;  Cynthia,  1595,  12mo.  The  author  bespeaks  the 
patience  of  the  reader  for  his  rude  conceit  of  Cynthia: 

"  If  for  no  other  cause,  yet  for  that  it  is  the  first  imitation  of  the 
verse  of  that  excellent  poet.  Maister  Spencer,  in  his  Fayrie  Queene." 

In  1589  he  pub.  The  Encomium  of  Lady  Pecunia,  or 
the  Praise  of  Money.  The  Complaint  of  Poctrie  for  the 
Death  of  Liberalitie.  The  Combat  between  Conscience 
and  Covetousnesse  in  the  Minde  of  Men;  and  poems  in 
divers  humours.  A  second  edit,  of  this  work,  considera- 
bly altered,  appeared  in  1605.  Greene's  Funerals  was 
erroneously  attributed  to  Barnfield,  but  the  ode,  As  it  fell 
upon  a  Day — which  was  printed  in  England's  Helicon, 
1600,  signed  Ljnoto,  and  had  the  year  before  been  given 
as  Shakspeare's,  in  the  Passionate  Pilgrim, — really  be- 
longs to  our  author.  Come  live  with  me,  and  be  my  love, 
is  another  well-known  poem  of  our  author's.  See  Rose's 
Biog.  Diet. ;  Ellis's  Specimens ;  Ritson's  Bib.  Poet, ;  War- 
ton's  Hist,  of  Eng.  Poetry.  It  is  interesting  to  us  to  read 
the  opinions  of  any  of  Shakspeare's  contemporaries  upon 
the  great  bard ;  therefore  we  shall  quote  a  few  lines  of 
Barnfield's,  written  in  1598,  eighteen  years  before  Shaks- 
peare's death  : 

"And  !?hakspeare,  thou,  whose  honey-flowing  vein, 

(I'leasing  the  world;  thy  praises  doth  contain; 

Whose  Venus  and  whose  Lucrece,  sweet  and  chaste, 

Thy  name  in  fame's  immortal  book  hath  plac'd, 

Live  ever  you,  at  least  in  ferae  live  ever! 

Well  may  the  body  die,  but  fame  die  never." 

A  copy  of  the  Affectionate  Shepherd  sold  in  Reed's  sale 
for  £16  10s.  Beloe  notices  a  copy  in  Sion  College  Library. 
In  1816  James  BoswcU  presented  to  the  Members  of  the 
Roxburghe  Club  a  reprint  (34  copies,  4to)  of  Poems  by 
Richard  Barnfield,  including  Remarks  by  the  late  Ed- 
mund Malone.  One  of  these  copies  was  disposed  of  at 
Bindley's    sale  for  £6  16-9.  6f/.     Boswell's  sale,  £4  6«. 

Barnham,  Sir  Francis,  a  scholar  and  writer  temjy. 
James  I.,  one  of  the  84  who  were  to  compose  an  Academy 
Royal  connected  with  the  Order  of  the  Garter.  His  His- 
tory of  his  family  has  never  been  published. 

Barnham,  T.  C.  A  Series  of  Questions  on  the  most 
important  Points  connected  with  a  legal  Education,  de- 
signed for  the  Use  of  Students  preparing  for  E.xamina- 
tion,  previously  to  their  Admission  in  the  Courts  of  Law 
and  Equity,  4th  ed.     By  E.  Ings,  12mo.  Lon.,  1840. 

Barunm,  Phineas  T.,  born  July  5th,  1810,  in  Be- 
thel, Conn.  Autobiography,  N.  Y.,  1854.  Writer  and 
Lecturer  on  Agriculture  and  Temperance.  Has  an- 
nounced A  History  of  Humbugs  from  the  Earliest  Ages 
to  the  Present  Day. 

Baro,  or  Baron,  Peter,  d.  about  1600,  was  born  at 
Etampes,  in  France,  but  resided  the  principal  part  of  his 
life  in  England,  where  he  pub.  a  number  of  works.  For 
this  reason  we  have  given  him  a  place  in  our  volume.  Ho 
left  his  native  country  to  avoid  persecution,  being  a  Pro- 
testant, and  was  received  into  the  family  of  Lord  Trea- 
surer Burleigh.  Upon  the  invitation  of  Dr.  Pierce  ho 
settled  at  Cambridge,  and  there  entered  himself  a  student 
of  Trinity  College.  In  1575  he  was  appointed  successor 
to  Dr.  John  Still  as  Margaret  professor  of  divinity.  His 
doctrine  did  not  give  satisfaction  to  some  of  his  hearers, 
and  he  was  involved  in  a  niimber  of  controversies.  Some 
went  so  far  as  to  think  that  he  was  acting  a  traitor's  part 
at  Cambridge;  designing  to  seduce  those  under  his  in- 
fluence to  the  Roman  Catholic  Church. 

•'  For  so  it  was,  and  they  could  not  be  beaten  out  of  it,  that  they 
thought,  that  as  a  certain  Spaniard  named  Ant.  Corranus  was 
brought  to,  and  settled  in.  Oson.,  purposely  to  corrupt  the  true 
doctrine;  so  Peter  Earo,  a  French  man  was  for  Cambridge." — Wood. 

Baro  retained  his  chair  until  1595,  when  he  resigned,  or 
as  Wood  says,  was  removed,  "  not  without  the  consent  of 
Dr.  Whitgift,  Archbishop  of  Canterbury."  He  removed 
to  London, where  he  died  about  1600.  1.  In  Jonam  Pro- 
phetam  Prailectiones  XSXIX.  2.  Condones  tres  ad  Cle- 
rum  Cantabrigiensem,  <fec.  3.  Theses  Publicae  in  scholis 
perorartas  ct  disputatee.  4.  Precationes  quibus  Usus  est 
Author  in  suis  Prselectionibus  inchoandis  et  finiendis.  The 

127 


BAR 


three  firstnamed  were  trans,  into  Englitli  Ijy  John  Lud- 
ham.  The  whole  wore  pub.  in  one  voh,  Lon.,  1579,  folio, 
by  the  care  of  Osmond  Lake.  Baro  wrote  several  other 
works,  whieh  were  pub.  in  loSO,  161.3,  e(  «;ne  ("i'lo. 

Baro,  Baron,  or  Bonaveiitura,  b.  about  IGOO,  d. 
1696,  was  a  Fitz-Gerald  of  BurnLhurL-h  in  the  county  of 
Kilkenny.  He  was  born  at  Cloumell  in  Ireland,  and  was 
a  nephew  of  the  celebrated  Luke  Wadding,  a  Franciscan 
friar,  eminent  for  his  theological  works.  Baro  entered  the 
Order  of  St.  Francis,  and  resided  almost  entirely  at  Rome. 
He  was  attached  to  the  college  of  St.  Isidore,  a  society 
of  the  Order  of  St.  Francis,  founded  by  Wadding,  for  the 
education  of  Irish  students  in  the  liberal  arts,  <liyinity, 
and  controversy,  to  serve  as  a  seminary  out  of  which  the 
mission  into  England,  Scotland,  and  Ireland  might  be 
supplied.  Baron  was  celebrated  for  the  purity  ot  his 
Latin  style.  His  Opuscula  varia  were  pub.  in  166b.  Ihis 
contains  bis  Metra  Miscellanea,  pub.  1645:  Orations,  1645; 
Prolusiones  Philosophic^,  1651  ;  Scotus  Dcfcnsus,  1662 ; 
and  all  his  separate  works  pub.  ante  1666.  Theologia  was 
pub.  at  Paris  in  1676,  in  6  vols.  Vol.  1st  of  The  Annales 
Ordinis  SS.  Trinilatis  Rcdemptionis  Captivorum,  which 
begins  with  the  year  11»8  and  is  earned  down  to  1297, 
wa°  pub.  at  Rome  in  1686. 

Baron,  John.  Sermons  pub.  at  O.xf  1699  "OS 
Baron,  Peter.  Sermons.  Acts  xx.  23,  24,  Syo,  1742. 
Baron,  Richard,  d.  1768,  a  dissenting  minister,  but 
more  noted  as  an  ardent  advocate  for  the  cause  of  civi 
and  religious  liberty,  pub.  what  may  perhaps  be  called 
Thomas  Gordon's  Collection  of  Curious  Iracts.  1.  A  Lor- 
dial  for  Low  Spirits.  2.  The  Pillars  of  Priestcraft  and 
Orthodoxy  shaken ;  enlarged  to  4  vols.,  Lon.,  1 1 1.8.  i.  Im- 
pression revised  and  improved  with  many  additional  Ar- 
ticles, Lon.,  176.S,  12mo,  in  3  vols.  Baron  edited  a  num- 
ber of  works  reprinted  by  Thomas  Hollis,  among  which 
were  the  Iconoclastes  of  Milton,  and  a  complete  edition  ot 
the  works  of  this  great  poet.  ,    ,     .    »  n  „, 

Baron,  Robert,  b.  about  1630,  was  a  student  at  Cam- 
bridce.  He  pub.  in  1647  The  Cyprian  Academy,  Poculia 
Castalia,  Ac.  Lon.,  1650.  He  was  also  the  author  ol 
Mirza,  a  Tragedy;  Gripus  et  Hegio;  and  Deorum  Dona. 
See  Winstanley,  Philips,  and  Biog.  Dramat,,  for  other  pieces 
ascribed  to  Baron  :  some  of  which  are  evidently  not  his. 

■•  The  author  seems  [in  Mirza]  to  have  propos  d  for  his  pattern 
the  famous  Catiline,  writ  by  Ben.  Jonson  and  has  in  several 
X4not  only  hit  the  model  of  his  Scenes;  but  even  nnilated  the 
L^  ngua,!e  tolerably,  for  a  young  writer."  See  LanRbaine  s  Dra- 
matil-k  Poets:  this  author  quotes  an  Anagram  on  Baron  by  his 
friend,  John  Quarks :  ^      „  , 

,,  ,        f  Robertus  Baronns        I 
-*^°^  1  Rarus  Ab  Orbe  Notus  ;  S"^*"- 
Rarus.  hand  cuiiuiim  peperit  Natura  Secundum  Notus  es  et  scni> 
tis  (Baron"!  ab  orbe  tuis."  „   ,.    .    .        •      ,,     ■     i,„i 

Baron,  Robert,  professor  of  divinity  m  Marischal 
Collce,  Aberdeen,  was  the  author  of  Metaphysica  Genc- 
ralis,  Lugd.  Bat.,  1657,  which  was  in  great  favour  with 
eminent  scholars  on  the  continent.  He  pub.  several  theo- 
logical works,  1621-27,  and  'SI.  He  was  elected  to  the  see 
of  Orkney,  but  was  never  consecrated,  being  driven  by 
persecution  from  Scotland.     He  died  at  Berwick. 

Baron,  Samnel.  Description  of  the  Kingdom  ol 
Ton.iueen  :  see  Churchill's  Voyages,  vol.  vi.,  p.  117. 

Baron,  Stephen.  Sermones,  etc.,  Lon.,  per  De 
Worde. 

Baron,  William.     Assize  Sermon,  1683,  4ta. 
Barr.  Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.  1778. 

Barr,  John.  Thanksg.  Serm.  after  Rebellion,  1 ,  46, 8vo. 
Barr,   John.      The    Scripture    Student's    Assistant. 
Glaso-    ly"^'l 

Barr,  Robt.  M.     Penna.  State  Rep.,  1846-56,  Phil. 
Barrand.  Con.  to  Nic.  Jour.,  1808.       ^.     ,     ^     , 
Barrand,  Philip.     New  book  of  Single  Cyphers, 

°Barreii,  Miss.  Riches  and  Poverty,  1808 ;  The  Test 
of  Virtue,  and  other  Poems,  1811.         „„„      .       ,.,„ 

Barren,  And.     Fens  in  Norfolk,  Suffolk,  Ac.,  1642. 

Barren,  Edmund.  Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1717-27 

Barret.     Recant:ition  of  Certain  Errors,  Lon.,  1628. 

Barret,  or  Barrett,  B.  Analysis  of  the  Nature  of 
SuVdimity.  Ac,  1812;  Life  of  Card.  Ximenes,  Lon.,  ISIJ. 

Barret,  John.     Sermons,  Ac,  1698-99. 

Barret,  John.     Funeral  Sermon,  1777. 

Barret,  John.     See  Babet,  John. 

Barret,  Onsow.     Treatise  on  the  Gout,  li  85. 

Barret,  Phineas.    European  Exchanges,  Lon.,  172-. 

Barret,  Robert.  Tbeoriko  and  Pracktike  of  Mo- 
derno  Warres,  Discoursed  in  Dialogue  Wise,  Lou.,  1598, 
folio  George  Chalmers  is  of  the  opinion  that  Shakspeare 
refers  to  this  work  in  his  "  All's  Well  that  Ends  Well." 

123 


BAR 

Eprrct,  Robert.  The  Tarrior,  Lon.,  1660;  Compa- 
nion, Ac,  1699. 

Barret,  or  Barrett,  Stephen,  li  18-1801,  a  cla,- 
sical  teacher  and  poet,  wrote  War,  a  Satire:  and  trans. 
Ovid's  Epistles  into  English  Verse,  (1759;)  the  latter  work 
is  thought  inferior  to  the  former. 

Barrett,  Bryan.     The  Code  Napoleon,  Ac,  1812. 

Barrett,  Eaton  Stannard,  author  of  several  poems, 
novels,  and  humorous  effusions,  the  best  known  of  which 
is  The  Heroine,  or  Adventures  of  Cherubina,  a  novel  m 

3  vols.,  Lon.,  1813. 

'■  The  idea  of  this  work  is  not  new,  since  the  pernicious  effects 
of  indiscriminate  novel-reading  have  been  .already  displayed  by 
Mrs  Lenox  in  The  Female  Quixote,  and  by  Miss  Charlton  m  the 
pleasing  story  of  Kosella ;  but  the  present  Uile  is  more  extravagant 
than  either  of  those  works:  and  the  heroines  cruelty  towards  her 
fiither  indisposes  the  reader  for  being  interested  in  her  subsennent 
fete  Mr  Barrett  may  also  be  censured  for  not  confining  his  ridi- 
cule to  allowable  subjects:  'what  should  be  great  he  turns  to 
&rce  '  both  in  his  frequent  sarcasms  on  the  clergy,  and  in  his  ludi- 
crous parodies  of  scenes  taken  fi-om  our  best  novels :  although  it 
might  be  presumed  that,  if  Cherubin.a's  reading  had  been  limited 
to  respectable  works  of  fiction,  or  if  these  had  made  the  chief  im- 
pression on  her  mind  and  memory,  she  would  not  have  fallen  into 
the  follies  which  she  commits.  Still,  however,  her  adventures  are 
written  witli  great  spirit  and  humour;  and  they  afford  many  scenes 
at  which  '  To  be  grave  exceeds  all  power  of  face.'  —Lmi.  M.  Atv. 
Wom.an;  a  Poem.  Lon.,  1810,  sm.  8vo. 
Barrett,  Elizabeth  B.  See  Brow.ving,  Mrs. 
Barrett,  Francis,  Profoesor  of  Chemistry,  Natural 
and  Occult  Philosophy,  pub.  The  Magus,  ..r  CelesUal  In- 
telligencer, being  a  Complete  System  of  Occult  Philoso- 
phy, illustrated  with  a  great  variety  of  curious  engrav- 
ings, magical  and  cabalistical  figures,  Ac,  Lon.,  1801,  4to ; 
Lives  of  Alcbemistical  Philosophers,  with  a  Critical  Cata- 
logue of  Books  in  Occult  Chemistry,  and  a  Selection  of 
the  most  Celebrated  Treatises  on  the  Theory  and  Practice 
of  the  Hermetic  Art,  1815,  8vo.  The  ignorant  may  dis- 
miss the  "  System  of  Occult  Philosophy"  with  a  contemptu- 
ous laugh,  but  the  student  of  human  uaturo  will  naturally 
feel  a  desire  to  investigate  the  pretensions  of  a  "science 
which  has  turned  the  br.ains  of  so  many  men  of  vast  learn- 
inc  and  unquestioned  integrity  of  purpose. 

Barrett,  Henry.     The  Alps;  from  the  German  of 

"  Ba;r';«;  VoL,  D.D.,  1746M821  Vice-Provost  of 
Trinity  College.  Dublin,  and  Professor  of  the  Oriental  Lan- 
sua.'es  in  that  University.  An  Enquiry  into  the  Origin 
of  the  Constellations  that  compose  the  Zodiac,  and  the 
Uses  they  were  intended  to  promote,  1800,  8vo. 

"  As  several  authors  have  given  an  explanation  of  the  signs  of 
the  Zodiac,  it  was  to  be  presumed  that  Br.  Barrett  would  attempt 
to  demolish  their  theories,  before  he  advanced  his  own;  and  ac- 
cordingly, his  first  pages  contain  an  examination  of  the  s>  stems 
of  Macrobius.  La  I'luche,  and  La  N.auze.  In  opposing  these  hy- 
Dotheses.  Dr.  B.  is  more  happy  than  m  est.ablishing  hi»  own.  for, 
though  endowed  with  muJh  learning,  and  qualified  by  much  re- 
search, he  has  fallen  into  the  wildest  and  most  fanciful  conjec- 
tures."'—ion.  Mrmtliln  Ka'irw. 

Essay  on  the  Earlier  Part  of  the  Life  of  Swift,  wil,h  seve- 
ral original  pieces  ascribed  to  him,  1S08,  8vo.  This  work 
is  incorporated  in  Nichols's  edit,  of  Switt. 

"We  see  no  ground  for  questioning  any  of  his  conclusions. 
Those  who  are  fond  of  similar  investigations  will  be  much  enter- 
tained by  his  researches."— ion.  ilontlily  Jtevitw. 
Evan^elium  secundum  Matthaium,  ex  Codice. 
Rescrlpto  in  Bibliotheca  CoUegii  St,  Trinitatis  ju.xta. 
Dublin,  ISOl,  4to.  This  is  a  fac-simile  ol  a  MS.  of  the 
New  Testament,  the  writing  of  which  had  been  erased  to 
give  place  to  another  work.  ,^    „j 

"  In  the  Prolegomena,  he  discusses,  at  considerable  length  and 
much  ability,  the  gospel  genealogy  of  our  Lord.  .  .  An  elegant  fee- 
simil,-  ..f  tills  work  is  given  in  Mr.  Home's  Intioduct  on:  and  an 
excellent  critique  on  it  will  be  found  in  the  third  volume  of  the 
old  series  of  tile  Eclectic  Review,  pp.  103  and  6815."  See  Orme  s 
Bibl  Bib.,  and  the  works  referred  to. 

Barrett,  Joseph.  A  Funeral  Sermon,  Lon.,  1699. 
Barrett,  Joseph.  Sermons,  1795,  1806-13.  _ 
Barrett,  Richard  A.  F.  A  Synopsis  of  Lriticisms 
upon  those  Passages  of  the  Old  Testament  in  which  Modern 
Commentators  have  differed  from  the  Authorized  \  ersion  ; 
toffetherwith  an  Explanation  of  Various  Difficulties  m  the 
Hebrew  and  English  Texts,  2  vols.,  in  2  Pts.  each,  and  vo  . 
iii  ,  Pt.  1,  large  8vo,  Lon.,  1847.  Perhaps  m  no  depart- 
ment of  letters  have  there  been  more  important  additions 
to  the  library  than  in  that  which  treats  of  the  history,  pre- 
servation, integrity,  and  interpretation  of  the  sacred  t«.xt 
Among  the  new  works  on  this  subject,  Mr.  BaiTctt  s  is  said 

'^S^uirrionfa^d'lea'rned  work  is  in^spensable  to  the  Biblical 
ini3  '»"°;'™°,';""    Q    ^   gmi  English  versions  of  doubtful 

^a^ss^ges  a^^' gil™  rjuxlapo^itV;,-'  "'^  '"ff"™'  °l"-"°-'^  "' 
commentatorB  are  quoted  at  length. 


BAR 

This  portion  of  the  work,  all  yut  iiuh.,  (1853.)  includes 
all  the  historical  bookSj — finishing  at  Esther. — Darihiu's 
due  UiU. 

Barrett,  Serenus.     Sermons,  Ac,  1715-22-25. 

Uitrrett,  William,  d.  17S9,  an  eminent  .Surgeon  at 
Bristol,  pub.  in  irsS  the  History  and  Antiquities  of  the 
city  of  Bristol,  1  vol.,  4to.  This  work  had  been  in  pre- 
paration for  twenty  years.     Park  calls  it 

''  A  motley  compound  of  real  jind  supposititious  history." 

"  The  promiscuous  mode  of  citing  authors.  Ave  had  almost  said, 
couce.ilin^  authorities,  is  unworthy  a  correct  or  fjulhful  writer. 

"The  book  abounds  with  curious  and  authentic  information; 
and,  iu  excuse  for  many  of  its  inaccuracies,  it  may  be  necessary  to 
remind  the  reader  that  it  is  the  first  which  has  ever  beeu  pub- 
lished on  th.it  subject." — Lon,  Gent.  Mag.,  lix.  j33;  but  see  pases 
Vll-'.rli.  same  \ol. 

Mr.  Barrett  was  the  gentleman  who  urged  Chatterton  to 
produce  the  poems  which  he  declared  he  had  transcribed 
from  the  originals  in  Kowley's  handwriting.  Many  of  the 
I' original  MS.S."  were  in  Mr.  Barrett's  possession.  For  .in 
interesting  paper  on  Chatterton's  forgeries,  see  Gent.  Mag. 
for  17S!4.  p.  10,^1  :  and  see  the  name  in  this  vrtlur:-. 

Barrey,  Lod.  K.am  Alley,  or  Merry  Tricks;  a 
Comedy,  Lon.,  1()12,  4to.      See  Biog.  Dr.amat. 

Barrie,  Alex.  A  Collection  of  I'rose  and  Verse, 
Edin.,  17S1. 

Barrifec,  Win.,  Lt.  Col.  Mars,  his  Trivmph.  Lon., 
Ifi.lO,  4to.  Militarie  Discipline,  Lon.,  W.','i.  4to;  4th  od., 
lOi.-i. 

Barriugton,  Hon.  Daines,  1727-1  SiiO.  was  the 
fourth  of  five  celebrated  sons  of  an  illustrious  father,  John, 
Lord  Viscount  B.arrington.  He  studied  for  some  time  at 
Oxford,  which  he  quitted  for  the  Temple,  .and  was  admitted 
to  tJie  bar.  He  retired  from  the  bench  (Ijeing  a  judge  in 
AFales)  in  1785,  and  devoted  bijnself  to  the  study  of  anti- 
quity, natural  history,  Ac.  Tlic  fruit-;  of  his  researches 
were  given  to  the  public  in  17l'iS.  iu  his  learned  Observa-  ', 
tions  on  the  .Statutes,  4to.  This  work  has  been  frequently 
reprinted,  1767,  '69,  '75.  5th  edit.  1795.  The  later  edi- 
tions contain  new  matter. 

"Mr.  Barrington.  in  his  Observations,  has  contributed  very 
much  to  the  elucidation  of  the  more  ancient  laws  of  Kn'4land.  by 
iutroclucini;  historical  illustrations  of  the  times  durinj  which  the 
statutes  were  enacted.  The  volume  abounds  in  curious,  learned, 
and  valu.able  information." — MarvhCs  Legal  Bill. 

'•  Like  an  active  general  in  the  service  of  the  putdic,  the  author 
storms  the  strongholds  of  chicane,  wheresoever  they  p.esent  them- 
selves, and  particularly  fictii^is,  without  reserve." 

"  Mr.  Daines  Barringtnn  is  more  of  the  anti  juariau  and  histo- 
rian than  of  the  philosopher  or  l;iwver.  H.^  has  selected  from  the 
earliest  volume  of  our  statute-book' a  number  of  acts,  upon  whicli 
he  has  given  a  commentary,  curious  rather  in  an  antiquarian 
point  of  view,  than  in  its  illustration  of  the  changes  introduced 
into  our  legal  polity.  Many  of  the  statutes  commented  upon  af- 
ford an  ample  field  for  the  displ.ay  of  much  research  into  the  man- 
ners and  customs  of  the  times.  Others  again  throw  much  light 
upon  the  historical  events  of  the  period.  Upon  some  occasions 
the  author  digresses  con.sidenililv.  but  the  matter  thus  introduced 
is  alw.ays  curious  and  valuable." — IMro^jhxtiic  licvieic,  vol  ix.,  p. 
250 :  read  the  whole  of  this  long  article. 

In  1767  was  pub.  his  Nntur.ilist's  Calendar;  in  1773  his 
edit,  of  the  Saxon  trans,  of  Orosiu.5,  ascribed  to  King  Al- 
fred. In  1775  appeared  his  tracts  on  the  Possibility  of 
reaching  the  North  Pole.  These  tracts  were  designed  to 
promote  a  favourite  project  of  Mr.  Barrington's,  which  he 
had  the  pleasure  of  seeing  carried  out  iu  the  voyage  of 
Captain  Phipps,  afterwards  Lord  Mulgrave. 

'■  It  must  be  allowed  that  the  learned  author  bestowed  much 
time  and  labour  on  this  subject,  and  accumulated  an  amazing 
quimtity  of  written,  tr.aditionarv,  and  conjectural  evidence,  in 
proof  of  the  possibility  of  circumnavigating  the  globe  ;  but  when 
his  testimonies  were  examined,  they  proved  rather  ingenious  than 
satisfactory." — Chulincrs's  Biog.  Did. 

The  edit,  of  1818  contains  some  of  Capt.  Beaufoy's  spe- 
culations on  the  same  subject.  These  tracts  are  also  con- 
tained in  his  Miscellanies  on  Various  Subjects,  [Natur.al 
History,  Ac.,]  pub.  1781,  4to.  Mr.  Barrington  contributed 
several  papers  to  the  Arcliteologiaj  1770,  '75,  '77,  and  to 
the  Phil.  Trans..  1767,  '71,  '73. 

Barrington,  George,  superintendent  of  the  convicts 
at  Par.imatta.  A  Voyage  to  N"ew  South  Wales,  1795. 
Sequel,  ISOO.  The  History  of  \ew  South  Wales,  1803,  2 
vols.  This  author  was  the  well  known,  or,  rather,  widely 
known,  light-flugered  gentleman  to  whom  is  ascribed  the 
witty  couplet: 

"  True  patriots  we  I     For  be  it  understood. 
We  left  our  country  for  our  country's  good." 

On  the  voyage  out  Barrington  gained  the  good-will  of 
the  officers  of  the  ship,  by  assisting  so  materially  to  quell 
a  conspiracy  of  the  convicts,  th.at  he  was  considered  the 
preserver  of  the  vessel  and  the  lives  of  the  honest  men 
on  board. 

"  We  distrusted  t'ae  pretensions  of  the  oston.-itle  author  [Voy- 


BAR 

age  to  N.  S.  Wales.]  being  well  aware  that  there  are  methods  of 
picking  pockets  unknown,  perhaps,  to  Mr.  P.,  eminent  as  he  has 
beeu  for  skill  in  the  profession.  We  had  doubts  whether  some  in- 
genious hand  had  not  made  free  with  Mr.  B.  himself;  or.  at  least, 
with  a  name  of  so  much  cetebrilij  and  promise.  On  perusing,  how- 
ever, a  few  p.ages  of  the  work,  our  suspicions  abated ;  and  before 
we  arrived  at  its  conclusion,  not  a  doubt  remained  of  its  autheo- 
ticity." — Lo/j.  Monthly  lieview. 

Harrington,  John  Sliute,  Lord  Viscount  of  the 
Kingdom  of  Ireland.  167.S-1734.  was  the  youngest  son  of 
Benj.amin  Shute.  of  London.  Francis  Biirrington.  of  the 
ancient  house  of  Barrington  in  Essex,  who  h.ad  married 
his  cousin-gormun,  Elizabeth  Shute,  settled  upon  him  his 
estate  in  Essex,  and,  by  act  of  parliament,  Mr.  Shute  was 
permitted  to  assume  the  name  and  arms  of  Barrington. 
He  was  distinguished  at  an  early  age  for  his  talent  and 
judgment. 

"  One  .Mr.  Shute  is  n.amed  the  secretary  to  Lord  Wharton  [Lord 
Lieutenant  of  Ireland.]  He  is  a  young  man.  but  reckoned  the 
shrewdest  head  in  England.  ...  As  to  his  principles,  he  is  a  mo- 
derate man,  frequenting  the  chiu-ch  and  meeting  indifferently." — 
Dean  Swift. 

In  1723  his  lordship  retired  from  political  life,  and  de- 
voted himself  to  theological  researches,  for  which  he  al- 
ways cherished  a  predilection.  He  married  a  daughter 
of  Sir  William  Daines,  by  whom  he  had  six  sons:  the 
five  who  lived  to  ni.an's  estate  all  became  distinguished 
characters.  1.  William,  Lord  Barrington;  2.  John,  a 
major-general  in  the  army;  3.  Daines,  justice  of  Chester; 
4.  Samuel,  an  admiral;"  5.  Shute,  Bishop  of  Durham. 
Lord  Barrington  jmb.  a  number  of  works,  1696-173:!.  the 
principal  of  which  is  Miscellanea  Sacra;  or  a  New  Me- 
thod of  considering  so  much  of  the  History  of  the  Apostles 
as  is  contained  in  Scripture;  in  an  Abstract  of  their  His- 
tory, an  Abstract  of  that  Abstract,  and  four  Critical  Es- 
E.ays,  Lon.,  1725,  2  vols.  8vo.  A  new  edit.,  under  the  su- 
pervision of  the  author's  son,  the  Bishop  of  Durham,  in  3 
vols.,  1770,  Svo.     The  1st  edit,  was  pub.  anonymously. 

"  This  work  contains  some  verv  valualde  information  on  sub- 
jects not  usually  discussed.  The  first  essay  is  on  the  teaching 
and  witness  of  the  .'Spirit,  and  affords  some  ingenious  illustrations 
of  the  miraculous  gifts  of  the  primitive  churches.  The  second  is 
on  the  distinction  between  Apostles,  Elders,  and  Brethren,  in 
which  the  n.ature  of  the  apostolic  office  is  particularly  examined. 
The  third  is  on  the  time  when  Paul  and  Barnabas  became,  and 
were  known  to  be,  apostles ;  in  which  he  contends  that  Paul  was 
not  constituted  an  apostle  till  bis  second  visit  to  Jerusalem,  men- 
tioned Acts  xxii.  17--21.  The  last  is  on  the  Apostolical  decree, 
Acts  XV.  23-SO."— Orao's  Bibl.  Bib. 

The  2d  edit,  contains  an  Essay  On  the  Several  Dispen- 
sations of  God  to  Mankind,  in  the  order  in  which  they  lie 
in  the  Bible ;  or  a  Short  System  of  the  Religion  of  Nature 
and  Scripture,  1st  edit.,  1725.  Both  works  will  be  found 
in  the  Rev.  G.  Townsend's  edit,  of  Viscount  Barrington's 
works,  Lon.,  1838,  3  vols. 

"  Much  valuable  information  may  be  derived  from  this  work. 
[An  Essay,  Ac.]" — Qtuirtfrly  Rrriew. 

Dr.  Benson  acknowledges  his  obligation  to  the  Miscel- 
lanea Sacra,  in  his  history  of  the  first  planting  of  Chris- 
tianity, and  in  some  other  of  his  works. 

'•The  merit  of  this  work  [Miscellanea  Sacra]  is  generally  ac- 
knowledged."— Rev.  T.  II.  HORNE. 

"Ills  theological  works  will  alwavs  remain  the  fairest  and  most 
duralile  monument  of  his  literary  reputation.  Few  writers  iu  the 
last  century  possessed  higher  qualifications  for  the  attainment  of 
a  profound  and  extensive  knowledge  of  the  Scriptures."— Ret. 
Geo.  Tow-nsend. 

Barrington,  Sir  Jonah,  1767-1834,  Judge  of  the 
Court  of  Admiralty  in  Ireland.  Personal  Sketches  of  his 
Own  Time,  Lon.,  1830,  3  vols.  Svo.  Historic  Anecdotes 
and  Secret  Memoirs  relative  to  the  Legislative  Union 
between  Great  Britain  and  Ireland,  5  parts,  pub.  1809-15, 
in  4to,  at  21«.  per  part.  Published  complete  in  2  vols, 
imp.  4to,  1835,  with  40  portraits,  at  £5  59. 

'■  This  remarkable  work  was  begun  publishing  in  parts  several 
years  ago.  and  excited  a  considerable  sensation  at  the  time.  It 
was  announced  to  appear  in  ten  parts,  at  one  guinea  each,  and 
several  were  speedily  published.  From  some  unexplained  cause, 
however,  the  progress  of  the  work  was  suddenly  suspended,  and 
reports  were  circulated  of  its  having  been  ofticially  suppressed  on 
account  of  the  freedom  of  its  language;  which  gave  the  published 
parts  .a  great  market.aMe  value,  and  they  could  not  afterwards  bo 
oI>t.ainedat  any  price.  It  remained  for  that  enterjii  i-iOL'  publisher, 
Mr.  Collmrn,  to  rescue  it  from  being  Inst  to  the  ),ublie,  \\  liii-h  ho 
did  by  purchasing  the  whole  materials,  after  they  liad  tjeen  sup- 
pressed for  several  years,  from  the  family.  The  work  is  now  com- 
pleted as  originally  iuteuded  by  the  autlior." 

The  Historic  Memoirs  have  been  issued  in  cheap  form, 
entitled  The  Rise  and  Fall  of  the  Irish  Nation. 

Barrington,  Hon.  and  Rt.Rev.Shute,17S4-1826, 
successively  Bishop  of  Llandalf,  Salisbury,  and  Durham, 
was  the  sixth  son  of  the  first  Lord  Earringt(m.  (See  ante.) 
He  was  educated  at  Eton,  and  in  1752  became  a  gentle 
man-commoner  at  Merton  College,  Oxford.  His  lordship 
edited  in  1770  .in  edit,  of  his  learned  father's  Miscellanea 

129 


BAR 

Sacra,  anrl  pub.  several  sermons,  charges,  tracts,  4c.,  1772- 
1815.  He  also  contributed  many  valuable  notes  to  the 
enlarged  eilition  of  Bowyer's  Conjecture  on  the  New  Tes- 
tament, ami  prepared  for  the  press  the  Political  Life  of 
his  brother  William,  second  Viscount  Barrington,  which 
■work  was  edited  by  Sir  Francis  Bernard. 

"  His  rem.irks  on  the  Orei_-k  Test.iment  inserted  in  Bunyan  s 
Critical  Conjectures  are  characterised  by  sound  judRment  and  Kieat 
caution.  .  .  Histracts,sermons,andcharEes,arealikecharacteriseil 
by  sound  judgment,  clearness  of  expression,  and  fervent  piety. 

(Rev.  Geo.  Townsend :  read  this  interesting  memoir  of  a 
true  "  man  of  God,"  prefi.xed  to  Mr.  Townsend's  edit,  of 
Viscount  Barrin^ton's  Works,  Lon.,  1828,  3  vols.) 

Barron,  Arthur,  and  Alfred  Austin.  Reports  of 
Cases  of  controverted  Elections,  Lon.,  1844;  and  Aru<dd, 
T.  J.,  ditto  with  other  matter,  Lon.,  1845. 

Barron,  VVm.,  pub.  several  works,  Edin.  and  Lon., 
1770-180f>.  Essays  on  the  Mechanical  Principles  of  the 
Plough,  Edin.,  1775,  8vo ;  Letters  on  Belles  Lettres  and 
Logic,  Lon.,  1806,  8vo,  2  vols. 

'■  A  vahmljle  work  for  the  student."— Lowndes. 
Barrough,  Philip.     Method  of  Physick,  containing 
the  Causea,"Signs,  aud  Cures  of  Inward  Diseases  in  Man's 
Body,  from  Head  to  Foot,  Lon..  1610,  'IT,  '34,  '39,  4to. 

Barroughby,  or  Barrowby,  VV.,  M.D.  Trans,  of 
the  Medical  Works  of  Astrue  and  others.  Lon.,  1737-38. 

Barrow,  Henry.   The  Pollution  of  University  Learn- 
ing, Lon.,  1642. 
Barrow,  Henry.     Sec  B.irrowes. 
Barrow,  Humphrey.     The  Relief  of  the  Poor,  and 
Advancement  of  Learning  Proposed,  Lon.,  1656. 

Barrow,  Isaac,  D.l>.,  1630-1677,  an  eminent  mathe- 
matician and  divine,  was  born  in  the  city  of  London.  His 
father  was  linen-draper  to  Charles  I.,  whom  he  followed 
to  Oxford.  After  the  decapitation  of  his  king,  he  (Tho- 
mas Barrow)  attended  Chiirles  II.  in  his  exile,  and  con- 
tinued with  him  till  the  Restoration.  His  brother,  Isaac 
Barrow,  uncle  to  the  snlyect  of  our  memoir,  was  made 
Bishop  of  the  Isle  of  Man.  The  early  youth  of  Isaac 
Barrow  was  unpromising.  At  the  Charter-House  School 
ho  was  remarkable  for  an  uncommonly  belligerent  dispo- 
Bition.  aud  dealt  as  hard  blows  to  his  schoolfellows  as  he 
afterwards  directed  at  the  Supremacy  of  the  Pope.  His 
father,  we.iried  with  the  exercise  of  unavailing  discipline, 
intimated  that  the  loss  of  the  young  warrior  would  not  be 
a  heart-breaking  affair,  by  expressing  the  opinion  that  if 
it  pleased  Providence  to  remove  any  of  his  children,  Isa.ao 
could  be  the  best  spared'from  the  group.  Placed  at  school 
at  Felstead  in  Essex,  Isaac  suddenly  assumed  a  new  cha- 
racter;— that  of  a  diligent,  persevering  student.  In  1643 
he  was  admitted  a  pensioner  of  Peterhouse,  Cambridge, 
and  two  years  later  entered  Trinity  College.  A  Latin 
oration  displeasing  some  of  the  Fellows,  Dr.  Hill,  the 
master,  replied  to  their  complaints,  "  Barrow  is  a  better 
man  than  any  of  us."  The  writings  of  Lord  Bacon,  Des 
Cartes,  Galileo,  and  other  profound  philosophers,  were 
now  his  favourite  study.  In  1649  he  commenced  B.A. ; 
in  1652  ho  proceeded  M.A. ;  and  in  the  same  year  was 
incorporated  in  the  same  degree  at  Oxford. 

He  thought  at  this  time  of  becoming  a  physician,  and 
studied  anatomy,  botany,  and  chemistry.  Shortly,  how- 
ever, he  resumed  the  study  of  divinity.  In  1655  he  started 
on  a  continental  tour.  The  vessel  in  which  he  was  a  pas- 
senger being  attacked  by  an  Algerino  corsair,  Barrow  as- 
sumed carnal  weapons,  and  fought  manfully  until  the  jiirate 
was  driven  off.  As  we  have  seen  he  had  a  strong  natural 
inclination  for  hostilities,  perhaps  he  was  not  sorry  for 
this  opportunity  of  once  more  taking  up  the  cudgels  in  a 
lawful  combat.  This  voyage  and  combat  Barrow  has  re- 
corded in  a  long  poetical  narrative  in  hexameter  aud  pen- 
tameter verse.  At  Constantinople  he  read  through  the 
works  of  Chrysostom ;  this  city  having  been  the  diocese 
of  the  "golden-mouthed"  bishop.  It  was  reasnnaldy  ex- 
pected at  the  time  of  the  Restoration  that  Barrow  would 
have  received  immediate  preferment;  but  the  profligate, 
ungrateful  monarch,  when  in  the  possession  of  wealth  and 
power,  was  too  much  sunk  in  sensuality  and  criminal  in- 
dnlence,  to  make  any  exertions  for  the  benefit  of  those 
who  had  aided  him  in  the  day  of  adversity.  The  Egyp- 
tian butler  is  the  type  of  too  many  in  this  world, — "  yet  did 
he  not  remember  Joseph,  but  forgat  him."  It  was  at  this 
time  that  Barrow  wrote  his  celebrated  epigram  : 
"  Te  magis  optavit,  rediturum,  Carole,  uemo, 

Et  nemo  sensit,  te  redisse  minus." 
"  Thy  restX)ration,  I{oy.al  Charles.  I  see. 
By  none  more  wished,  by  none  less  felt,  than  me." 
In  1660  ho  was  chosen  professor  of  Greek  at  Cambridge. 
Tn  1662  he  received  the  appointment  of  Professor  of  Geo- 
130 


BAR 

meiry  in  Gresham  College.  In  1669  ho  felt  it  his  duty  to 
apply  himself  to  his  ]irofession  as  a  divine.  "At  his  or- 
dination lie  had  vowed  to  serve  God  in  the  gospel  of  his 
Son,  and  he  could  not  make  a  Bible  out  of  Euclid,  nor  a 
pulpit  out  of  his  mathematical  chair.  His  only  redress 
was  to  quit  them  both."  He  therefore  resigned  his  pro- 
fessorship at  Gresham  College  to  his  friend,  the  afterwards 
illustrious  Isaac  Newton.  In  1670  he  was  created  doctor 
of  divinity,  by  royal  mandate,  and  in  Feb.,  1672.  he  was 
promoted  "to  the  Mastership  of  Trinity  College,  the  king 
observing  that  he  had  bestowed  it  upon  "  the  best  scholar 
in  England."  In  1675  he  was  chosen  vice-chancellor  of 
his  university.  The  life  of  this  great  man  was  now  draw- 
ing to  a  close.  In  April,  1677,  he  was  attacked  by  a  fever, 
in  London,  which  terminated  fatally  on  the  fourth  of  May 
following.  As  a  mathematician,  Barrow  undoubtedly  oc- 
cupies a  very  high  station,  although  there  is  a  diflerence 
of  opinion  as  to  the  exact  position  which  it  is  proper  to 
assign  to  him.  Dr.  Pemberton  remarks,  "He  may  be 
esteemed  as  having  shown  a  compass  of  invention  equal, 
if  not  superior,  to  any  of  the  moderns.  Sir  Isaac  Newton 
only  excepted."  It  must  be  remembered  that  it  was  at 
the  early  age  of  thirty-two  he  was  chosen  professor  of 
geometry ;  which  he  resigned  seven  years  later.  Had  he 
felt  it  consistent  with  his  higher  oblig.ations,  to  continue 
his  m.athematical  researches,  it  is  impossible  to  predict 
the  progress  he  might  have  made  in  science. 

"  On  Geometry,  as  a  platform,  he  paved  the  way,  with  his  theory 
of  Inanitvsimal,  for  the  discovery  of  the  Fluxional  and  Differ- 
ential Calculi,  by  Newton  and  Leibnitz.  Barrow  originated  the 
idea  of  what  has  been  called  the  incrrmental  triangle,  and  showed 
the  error  of  his  predecessors,  in  affirmiug  that  a  portion  of  a  curve 
maybe  taken  so  small  that  it  may.  in  calculation  be  considered  as 
a  stiai"ht  line.  This  notion,  although  one  which  the  mind  readily 
admits"  is  utterly  untrue,  and  contradictory  to  the  first  principles 
of  geometry.  .  ,  'Barrow  is  the  author  of  a  work  which,  in  the  eyes 
of  sober-minded  matheuiaticians,  will  always  be  as  classically  dear 
as  the  uroivein  of  Euclid  were  to  the  school  of  Alexandria ;  we 
mean  his  Mathematicie  Lectiones,  perfect  models  in  the  hands  of 
those  who  are  attached  to  the  reasoning  of  sound  geometry,"— i?0S€S 
Biog.  Die. 

His  English  Theological  works  collected,  first  appeared 
in  3  vols.,  folio,  in  1686,  published  under  the  superiiitond- 
ance  of  Dr.  Tillntson  and  Abraham  Hall ;  several  edits^, 
last  in  1741.  The  Opuscula  were  first  published  in  1687, 
His  mathematical  works  appeared:  Euclidis  Elemata, 
Cantab.,  1655;  Euclidis  Data,  Cantab.,  1675;  Lectiones 
Opticic,  Lon.,  1669;  Lectiones  Geometrica,  Lon.,  1670; 
Archimedis  Opera  ;  Apollonii  Conicorum,  Libri  IV. :  Theo- 
dosii  Sphierica,  Lon.,  1675.  The  following  were  puldishcd 
after  his  death  :  Lectio  de  Spha;ra  et  Cylindro,  Lon.,  1678  ; 
Lectiones  Mathematical,  1783. 

The  English  works  were  republished  at  the  Clarendon 
Press  in  18^8,  6  vols.  8vo  ;  again,  Oxford,  8  vols.  8vo.  Two 
edits,  have  been  pub.  with  the  Opuscula  (first  printed  in 
1687)  added.  The  one  edited  by  the  Rev.  T.  S.  Hughes,  in  7 
vols.  8vo,  omits  the  greater  p.art  of  Barrow's  learned  quo- 
tations. The  other,  edited  by  the  Rev.  James  Hamilton, 
Edin.,  1842.  3  vols.  Svo,  "  is  complete  and  correctly 
printed." — Darlinijs  Cyc.  Bill. 

Three  years  later  (t.  e.  in  ISib)  an  excellent  edit,  was 
pub.  by  Mr.  John  C.  Riker  of  New  York,  3  vols.  Svo. 
This  contains  all  of  the  works  of  Barrow,  save  his  mathe- 
matical compositions,  which  are  of  little  use  to  the  gene- 
ral reader.  Biographical  notices  from  Hill,  Hamilton,  &c. 
are  prefixed,  and  copious  indexes  add  greatly  to  the  value 
of  this  creditable  edition. 

Barrow  was  a  man  of  great  wit.  His  description  of 
facetiousness  has  been  quoted  liy  Addison,  and  was  consi- 
dered by  Dr.  Johnson  the  finest  thing  in  the  language. 
We  quote  an  instance  of  his  ready  wit :  Meeting  the  Earl 
of  Rochester  one  day,  the  witty  peer  exclaimed,  "  Doctor, 
I  am  yours  to  the  shoe-tie ;"  to  which  the  clergym,an  re- 
plied. "  My  lord,  I  am  yours  to  the  ground."  The  peer 
rejoined,  "Doctor,  I  am  yours  to  the  centre."  "My  lord," 
retorted  the  Doctor,  "  I  am  yours  to  the  antipodes."  Deter- 
mined not  to  be  outdone,  his  lordship  blasphemously  added, 
"  Doctor,  I  am  yours  to  the  lowest  pit  of  hell ;"  on  which 
Barrow  turned  on  his  heel,  and  said,  "And  there,  my  lord, 
I  leave  you."  Hero  was  true  wit,  and  something  much 
better  than  wit ; — a  reproof  to  a  scorner.  Of  his  humanity, 
we  have  the  following  instance  on  record: 

"Walking  .about  the  premises  of  a  friend  in  the  evening,  he 
was  attacked  by  a  fierce  niastitf.  which  was  left  unchained  at  night, 
and  had  not  become  acquainted  with  the  doctor's  pi>rson.  He 
strui'gled  with  the  dog.  .and  threw  him  down;  but  when  on  the 
point  of  strangling  him.  he  reflected  that  the  animal  was  only 
doing  his  duty  in  sei/.inK  a  stranger:  for  which,  therefne,  he  did 
not  deserve  to  die.  As  he  durst  not  loose  his  hold.  1>  st  the  dog 
should  seize  and  tear  him,  he  laid  himself  down  on  the  animal, 
and  there  remained  till  some  one  came  to  his  assistance." 


BAR 

Of  the  Dr.'s  extreme  neglect  of  his  personal  appearance, 
and  the  consequences  resulting  therefrom,  we  have  a  ludi- 
crous story  in  the  Biographia  Britannica.  He  was  noted 
for  the  length  of  his  sermons.  Ilis  Spital  Permon,  or  the 
Duty  and  Reward  of  Bounty  to  the  Ponr.  "  took  up  three 
hours  and  a  half  in  its  delivery.  "When  :i:^ked  at  its  con- 
clusion, if  he  was  not  fatigued,  he  acknowledged  that  he 
began  to  be  weary  of  standing  so  long!" 

'■  We  were  once  goiiijj  from  Siilisbury  to  London,  he,  Barrow, 
in  the  coach  with  the  Bishop,  and  I  on  horseback.  As  he  was  en- 
tering the  coach,  I  jjeiceived  his  pockets  strutting  out  near  half  a 
foot,  and  I  said  to  him,  'What  have  you  f^ut  in  your  pockets?' 
Hereplied,  •Sermons.'  'Sermons!' saidl,'p;ive  them  tome;  my  boy 
shall  carry  them  in  his  portmanteau,  and  i-ase  you  of  that  himjage.' 
'But,'  said  he,  'suppose  your  boy  should  l<e*robbed?'  'That  is 
pleasant,'  I  said;  '  do  you  think  there  are  persons  padding  on  the 
road  for  sermons  ?'  '  Why,  wliat  have  you  V  said  he.  '  It  may  be 
five  or  six  guineas.'  I  answered.  Barrow  replied.  'I  hold  my  ser- 
mons at  a  greater  rat^.  for  they  cost  me  much  pains  and  time,' 
•Well  then,'  said  I,  'if  you  will  secure  my  five  or  six  guineas 
against  hiy-paclders^  I  will  secure  your  sernmns  against  ercJeiiasti- 
ca!  highwaijmm:  This  was  agreed.  He  emptied  his  pockets,  and 
filled  my  portmanteau  with  his  divinity:  and  we  had  the  good 
fortune  to  come  .safe  to  our  journey's  end.  and  bring  both  our  trea- 
sures to  London."— i^iTpfi's  Life  of  Ward,  p.  143. 

When  Barrow  presented  himself  with  others  for  exami- 
nation, as  a  candidate  for  the  ministry,  ho  gave  the  follow- 
ing proof  of  his  remarkable  readiness.  The  olil  prelate 
proceeded  to  satisfy  himself  in  a  summary  way,  nf  the 
candidates'  qualifications,  "by  addressing  in  turn  to  each 
one.  three  test  questions.  Commencing  with  the  first,  he 
asked  *  Quid  est  fides  ?' Xo  wliich  each  answercil  in  turn. 
Barrow  stood  last,  and  when  the  bishop  addressed  to  him 
the  question,  ^  Quid  est  fides?'  he  received  the  prompt 
reply,  *  Qaod  non  vides.'  The  Bishop  was  a  scholar, 
although  age  had  somewhat  benumbed  his  energy.  On 
receiving  thi.s  answer,  he  raised  him.self  in  his  cliair,  and 
looking  from  whence  the  answer  proceeded,  gave  vent  to  his 
satisfaction  in  the  exclamation  ^  Excellentc !'  He  then 
commenced  his  second  round,  interrogating  each  in  turn, 
as  before  'Quid  est  sprs '/'  to  which  Barrow  promptly 
replied,  'jVoji  duin  res!'  *  Dene,  Bene,  e.eccUentius  T  re- 
joined the  gratified  Bishop,  and  proceeded  tu  his  last  ques- 
tion, 'Quid  est  enritnsf  From  the  others  he  received 
various  replies,  but  when  Barrow  was  addressed,  he  an- 
swered, 'Ah,  magister,  id  est  pancifas.'  *  Excellentis- 
sime!'  shouted  the  good  old  man,  unable  to  suppress  his 
delight,  *  artt  Erasmus  est  ant  d ia bolus  !"* 

At  the  time  of  his  appointment  to  the  Mastership  of 
Trinity  College,  influence  the  most  powerful  was  ready  to 
further  his  claims,  if  necessary. 

"lie  was  then  the  King's  chaplain  in  ordinarv.  and  much  in 
fiivour  with  the  Duke  of  Buckingham,  then  Chancellor  of  the 
University  of  Cambridge;  as  also  of  Gilbert,  Lord  Archbishop  of 
Canterbury ;  both  of  whom  were  ready,  if  there  had  been  any  need, 
to  have  given  him  their  assistance  to  obtain  this  place." — Dr.  Pope. 
"  He  was  in  person  of  the  lesser  size,  and  lean ;  of  extraordinary 
strength,  of  a  fair  and  calm  complexion,  a  thin  .likin-  very  sensible 
of  the  cold;  his  eyes  grey,  clear,  and  somewhut  .shortr.sighted ; 
his  hair  of  a  light  auburn,  very  fine  and  curling." 

See  his  friend  Abraham  Hill's  letter  to  Dr.  Tillotson, 
dated  April  10,  1683.  Hill  gives  Barrow  the  most  exem- 
plary character,  concluding  with, 

*■  All  I  have  said,  or  can  say.  is  fiir  short  of  the  idea  which  Dr. 
Barrow's  friends  have  formed  of  him,  and  that  character  which  he 
ought  to  appear  to  them  who  knew  him  not.  Besides  all  the  de- 
fects on  my  part,  he  had  in  himself  this  disadvantage,  of  wanting 
foils  to  augment  his  lustre,  and  low  places  to  give  eminence  to  his 
heights;  such  vii-tuesas  hi.':,  contentment  in  all  conditions,  candour 
m  doubtful  cases,  moderation  among  differing  parties,  knowledge 
without  ostentation,  are  subjects  fitter  for  praise  than  narrative." 
Another  intimate  friend,  Dr.  Pope,  tells  us. 
"He  was  of  a  healthy  constitution,  used  no  exercise  or  physic, 
besides  smoking  tobacco,  in  which  he  was  not  sparing,  saying  it 
was  an  iustar  omnium,  or  pnvpUarmacrm.  He  was  unmercifully 
cruel  to  a  lean  carcass,  not  allowing  it  sufficient  me.at  or  sleep. 
During  the  winter  months,  and  some  part  of  the  rest,  he  rose 
always  before  it  was  light,  never  Iwing  without  a  tinder-box  and 
other  proper  utensils  for  that  purpose.  I  hare  fnquentlv  known 
liim,  after  his  first  sleep,  rise,  light,  and  after  burning  out  his  can- 
dle, return  to  bed  before  day." 

His  distinguished  friend.  Archbishop  Tillotson,  is  not  a 
whit  behind  Abraham  Hill  in  his  commendation  of  our 
divine  : 

"Of  all  the  men  I  ever  had  the  happiness  to  know,  he  was  the 
freest  from  offending  in  word,  coming  as  near  as  is  possible  for  hu- 
man frailty  to  do,  to  the  perfect  idra  of  St.  James,  his  pn-frd  man." 
The  names  of  the  two  friends  are  thus  beautifully  united 
by  Thomson  : 

"  And  for  the  strength  and  elegance  of  Truth, 
A  Barrow  and  a  Tillotson  are  thine!"— .17*0?.  tn  Brit. 
"It  is  one  of  the  regrets  of  his  executor.  Hill,  that  he  could 
hear  of  nn  enemy  and  calumny  from  which  to  vindicate  him.  .  .  . 
It  made  little  matter  where  he  dwelt — for  if  he  had  not  fiiends 
before  him  he  soon  could  make  them,  and  he  always  carried  good 
wishes  along  with  him." — Uamilton. 


BAR 

Having  thus  largely  considered  the  character  of  this  ex- 
cellent man,  it  is  proper  that  we  should  speak  more  parti- 
culnrly  than  we  have  yet  done  of  those  great  works  of  hi.s 
which  have  ever  been  ranked  among  the  most  remarkable 
productions  of  the  human  mind. 

Montuela,  in  his  Histoire  des  Mathematiques,  An.  VIL, 
tom.  II.,  p.  ^%,  is  full  of  "admiration"  and  "  enchantment" 
when  he  speaks  of  the  fertility  of  ideas  and  the  multitude 
of  new  and  curious  theorems  "de  ce  sacant  gcometre." 
The  Treatise  on  the  Pope's  Supremacy  would  of  itself  have 
placed  Barrow  in  the  first  class  of  scholars  and  controver- 
sialists.    This  he  did  not  live  to  publish. 

"  The  state  of  his  manuscript,  preserved  in  Trinity  College  Li- 
biary.  indicates  the  prodigious  pains  which  he  had  bestowed  upon 
it.  chiefly  in  the  compilation  of  autborili.'S.  As  it  is,  no  one  can 
open  it  at  any  page  without  being  stru.  k  by  its  amazing  research. 
Yet  Barrow  was  not  satisfied  wiili  what  he  had  already  quoted. 
Many  confirmatory  pas^ag.-s  were  still  in  his  mind,  for  the  insei-- 
tion  of  which  he  lind  left  l.lank  spaces  at  the  time.  When  on  his 
death-bed.  he  pla.  cd  the  whole  in  the  bauds  of  Dr.  Tillotson,  say- 
ing. '  I  hope  it  is  indifferent  perfect,  though  not  altogether  .as  I  in- 
tended it,  if  God  had  granted  me  longer  life.'  Had  he  himself  not 
indicated  those  omissions,  no  one  could  have  detected  them." — 
Hamilton. 

Archbishop  Tillotson  observes: 

"No  argument  of  moment,  nay  hardly  any  consideration  pro- 
perly belonging  to  it.  hath  escaped  his  large  and  comprehensive 
miud.  He  hath  siud  enough  to  silence  the  controversy  forever, 
and  to  deter  all  wise  men,  of  both  sides,  from  meddling  any  fur- 
ther with  it." 

Hamilton  remarks:  "What  the  Archbishop  has  said 
about  its  arguments   is  equally  true  of  its  testimonies." 

'■  We  can  imagine  nothing  whereunto  to  liken  the  glorious  work 
of  Barrow,  but  the  mighty  tele.scope  of  Ilerschel— an  instrument 
which  brings  up,  from  the  abyss  of  space,  a  countless  multitude 
of  luminaries,  which  hid  them.'^elves  from  the  search  of  unassisted 
vision.  Even  so  does  the  gigantic  labour  of  Barrow  call  up  from  the 
depths  of  an1i»[uity  a  galaxy  of  witnesses,  who  pass  over  our  field 
of  view  in  perfect  order  and  distinctness,  and  shed  a  broad  and 
st^-ady  illuuiination  over  the  path  of  the  inquirer." — BHtish  Critic. 
"Barrow,  not  so  extensively  learned  as  Taylor,  who  had  read 
ratlier  too  much,  but  inferior,  perhaps,  even  in  that  respect  to 
hardly  any  one  else,  and  above  him  in  closeness  and  strength  of 
reasoning,  combated  against  Kome  in  many  of  his  sermons,  and 
especially  in  a  long  treatise  on  papal  supremacy.  .  .  .  The  sermons 
of  Barrow  display  a  strength  of  mind,  a  comprehensiveness  and 
fertility,  which  have  rarely  been  equalled.  No  better  proof  can  be 
given  than  his  eight  sermons  on  the  government  of  the  tongue; 
copious  and  exhaustive,  without  tautology  or  superfluous  decla^ 
mation,  they  are  in  moral  preaching  what"  the  best  parts  of  Aris- 
totle are  in  ethical  philosophy,  with  more  of  development  and 
more  extensive  observation.  .  .  .  His  quotations  from  ancient  ph^ 
losophers.  though  not  so  numerous  as  in  Taylor,  are  equally  un- 
congenial to  our  ears.  In  his  style,  notwithstanding  its  richness 
and  occasional  vivacity,  we  may  censure  a  redundancy  and  excess 
of  apposition :  his  language  is  more  antiquated  and  formal  than 
that  of  his  age ;  and  he  abounds  too  much  in  uncommon  words  of 
Latin  derivation,  frequently  such  as  appear  to  have  no  authority 
but  his  own.  His  Latin  verse  is  forcible  and  full  of  mind,  but  not 
sufficiently  redolent  of  antiquity." — Hallam. 
Chas.  11.  used  to  call  Barrow  an 

"  Unfair  preacher,  because  he  exhausted  every  topic,  and  left  no 

room  ior  any  thing  new  to  he  said  by  any  one  who  came  after  him." 

Similar  to  this   is  the  criticism  of  Le  Clerc: 

'*  Les  sermons  de  cet  Auteur  sont  plutot  des  Traites,  on  les  Dis- 

sertationes  exactes.  (fue  de  simples  Harangues  pour  plaire  k  la 

multitude." — Bih.  Univtrsdk.  tome  iii.  p.  325. 

Dr.  Pope,  his  intimate  friend,  had  anticipated  this  cri- 
tique. 

"  He  thought  he  had  not  said  enough,  if  he  omitted  any  thing 
that  belonged  to  the  subject  of  his  discourse;  so  that  his  sermons 
seemed  rather  complete  treatises,  than  orations  designed  to  ba 
spoke  in  an  hour." 

Coleridge  complains  that 

"B.Trnw  often  debased  his  langu-age  merely  to  evidence  his  loy- 
alty. It  was.  indeed,  no  easy  task  for  a  man  of  so  much  genius, 
and  such  a  precise  mathematical  mode  of  thinking,  to  adopt,  even 
for  a  moment,  the  slang  of  L'Estrane;e  and  Tom  Brown;  but  he 
succeeded  in  doing  so  sometimes.  M'ith  the  exception  of  such  arts, 
Barrow  must  be  considered  as  closing  the  first  great  period  of  the 
English  language.     Dryden  began  the  .second." 

We  must  not  forget  the  commendation  of  the  Lectiones 
Opticjo,  conveyed  in  a  letter  of  James  Gregory,  the  Pcot- 
tish  Mathematician,  to  John  Collins.  Several  year.^  after 
publication,  Barrow  had  heard  of  only  two  men  who  had 
given  them  a  careful  perusal, — Slusius  of  Liege,  and  James 
Gregory  ;  the  latter  thus  writes  : 

"Mr.  Barrow  in  his  opticks  sh^weth  himself  a  most  subtile  ge- 
ometer, so  that  I  think  him  superior  to  any  that  ever  I  looked 
upon.  I  long  exceedingly  to  see  his  Geometrical  Lectures,  espe- 
cially l^cause  I  have  some  notions  upon  that  subject  by  mee.  I 
entreat  you  to  send  them  to  mee  presently,  as  they  come  from  the 
presse,  for  I  esteem  the  author  more  than  yee  can  imagine." 

The  author  informs  us  that  the  publication  of  these  Lec- 
tures was  urged  by  his  pupil,  the  afterwards  illustrious 
Isaac  Newton.  *'  D.  IsAACtr,s  Newton,  Collega  noster, 
pEREGREGi.E  viit  iNDOLis  AC  iNsiGNis  PERiTi^,"  had  re- 
vised the  text,  and  not  only  suggested  some  corrections, 
but  supplied  some  important  additions  from  his  own  store. 


BAR 

His  executor  gives  us  an  instauce  of  the  ardour  with  which 
he  prosecuted  a  study  once  begun ;  he  found  written  at  the 
end  of  his  copy  of  Apollonius — '^  April  14-Mai  10,  Intra 
hcec  tempuria  intervaUu  pcri.irtum  hoc  vpiis." 

*'  Tbe  school  of  Hooker,  Cbillingworth,  Mede,  and  Barrow,  is 
the  school  of  ai'ute  perception  and  close  reasoning.  Yet  Barrow 
was  perhaps  the  most  able  of  the  four  writers  just  named;  not 
only  in  the  systematic  division,  and  masterly  elucidation  of  the 
various  subjects  of  which  be  treats,  but  in  the  copiousness  of  his 
ideas  and  of  his  language.  There  is  a  power  aud  prodigality  of 
expression  in  many  of  Barrow's  discourses,  as  if  the  writer  were 
conscious  of  the  inefficiency  of  his  vornacular  tongue  to  convey 
precisely  the  views  and  bearin;rs  of  his  thesis.  Uis  sermon  on  the 
Atonement  is  one  of  the  most  astonishing  instances,  which  present 
themselves  to  my  memory,  of  an  eloquence  as  powerful  and  per- 
suasive as  the  ideas  are  orijrinal  and  sublime." — Dr.  Dibdin. 

Bishop  Heber,  speaking  of  Taylor,  Hooker,  and  Barrow, 
thus  distinguishes  them  : 

"  Of  such  a  triumvirate,  who  shall  settle  the  pre-eminence?  The 
first  awes  most,  the  second  convinces  most,  the  third  delifihts  and 
persuades  most.  ...  To  Barrow,  the  praise  must  be  assigned  of 
the  closest  and  clearest  views,  aud  of  a  taste  the  most  controlled 
and  chastened." 

The  Rev.  E.  Bickersteth  adds, 

*'  Ilooker  was  more  correct  in  doctrine,  Barrow  most  full  in 
practical  instruction,  and  Taylor  most  rich  in  devotional  composi- 
tion. .  .  .  The  powers  of  Barrow's  mind  were  of  the  hi;xhest  order; 
and  in  his  sermons  on  the  passion  of  Christ,  and  on  his  incarna- 
tion, we  have  very  able  statements  of  the  fundamental  truths  of 
the  gospel :  and  his  treatise  on  the  Pope's  Supremacy  has  been 
said  to  be  the  most  valuable  on  that  topic  in  the  English  langua^je. 
In  his  sermons  on  Faith  there  are  some  magnificent  passages:  but 
there  are  others  in  which  we  cannot  concur,  though  he  distinctly 
acknowledges  it  to  be  a  fruit  of  the  Spirit.  .  .  .  His  Sermons  on 
Industry  are  admirable  as  comprehending  a  very  valuable  mass 
of  weighty  and  important  motives  for  industry  in  general,  and  in 
our  callings  as  Christians,  scholars,  and  gentlemen.  It  is  a  book 
which  may  be  read  through  more  than  once  with  much  advantage; 
almost  every  topic  relating  to  the  subject  seems  discussed,  and  al- 
most every  text  quoted,  but  we  see  not  evangelical  motives  fully 
developed.  ...  In  such  a  sermon  as  his  on  the  Passion,  we  are 
glad  to  sit  at  his  feet  and  learn  the  very  best  lessons." 

Robt.  Uall,  in  his  Review  of  Gisborue's  Sermons,  refers 
to  the 

'•  Extraordinary  merits  of  Barrow,  who  has  cultivated  Christian 
morals  with  so  universal  an  applause  of  the  English  public.  We 
admire,  as  much  as  it  is  possible  for  our  readers  to  admire,  the  rich 
invention,  the  masculine  sense,  the  exuberantly  copious,  yet  pre- 
cise and  energetic  diction,  which  distinguish  Barrow,  who.  by  a  rare 
felicity  of  genius,  united  in  himself  the  most  distinguishing  quali- 
ties of  the  mathematician  and  the  orator.  We  are  astonished  at 
perceiving  in  the  same  person,  and  in  the  same  composition,  the 
close  logic  of  Aristotle,  combined  with  the  amplifying  powers  of 
Plato." 

We  find  an  admirable  notice  of  Barrow  in  Dugald  Stew- 
art's Prelim.  Diss,  to  the  Enejel.  Britannica  : 

"  Among  the  divines  who  appeared  at  this  era.  it  is  impossible  to 
pass  over  in  silence  the  n.inie  of  Barrow,  whose  theological  works, 
(^adorned  throughout  by  classical  erudition,  and  by  a  vigorous, 
though  unpolished,  eloquence.)  exhibit,  in  every  page,  marks  of  the 
same  inventive  genius  which  in  mathematics  has  secured  to  him 
a  i"ank  second  alone  to  that  of  Newton.  As  a  writer,  he  is  equally 
distinguished  by  the  redundancy  of  his  matter,  and  by  the  pregnan  t 
brevity  of  his  expression;  but  what  more  peculiarly  characterizes 
his  manner,  is  a  certain  air  of  powerful  aud  of  conscious  facility 
in  the  execution  of  whatever  he  undertakes.  Whether  the  subject 
be  mathfin.itiial.  metaphysical,  or  theological,  he  always  seems  to 
bring  to  it  a  mind  which  feels  itself  superior  to  the  occasion  ;  aud 
which  in  contiiiding  with  the  greatest  diflicultieSj  'puts  forth  but 
half  its  strength.' " 

Professor  Playfair  lauds  our  author's 

''Lectures  on  Optics,  delivered  at  Cambridge  in  I66S,  which 
treated  of  all  the  more  difficult  questions  which  had  occurred  iu 
that  state  of  the  science,  with  the  acuteness  and  depth  which  are 
found  in  all  the  writings  of  that  geometer." 

"No  man  that  reads  T)r.  Barrow  on  any  subject  whirb  he  h.as 
handled,  need  rack  his  invention  for  topics  upon  which  to  speak, 
or  for  arguments  to  make  these  topics  good." — Dr.  Wotton. 

"  He  pushes  his  imiuiries  to  the  very  verge  or  confines  of  wljich 
they  are  capable  of  being  pushed :  and  his  works  afford  a  sort  nf 
logical  Encyclopedia.  He  had  the  clearest  head  with  which  ma- 
thematics ever  endowed  an  individual,  and  one  of  the  purest  and 
most  unsophisticated  hearts  that  ever  beat." 

'' Barrow's  Sermons  are  too  well  known  to  require  description. 
For  profundity  of  thought  and  fertility  of  invention,  for  bold  aud 
majestic  language,  for  peculiar  beauty  and  prnprirfy  of  d.scription, 
ttir  great  strength  of  argument,  and  ingenious  and  sprightly  ex- 
pression, they  are  perhaps  unrivalled  in  the  English  language,  or 
in  any  other." 
■•  Dr.  Barrow's  Sermons  are  master-pieces  of  the  kind." — Locke. 
Bishop  Warburton  remarked  that  "  in  reading  Barrow, 
he  was  obliged  to  think."  Tbo  great  Earl  of  Chatham, 
when  in  early  life  qualifying  himself  for  public  speaking, 
read  BarrowVs  Sermons  again  and  again,  till  he  could  recite 
many  of  them  mcmoritcr.  He  recommended  his  son,  the 
younger  Pitt,  to  study  them  frequently  and  deeply.  It 
was  probably  tbe  example  of  these  great  men  which  caused 
the  late  Daniel  Webster,  one  of  the  most  prominent  of 
American  statesmen,  to  be  so  frequent  a  reader  of  these 
extraordinary  specimens  of  reasoning,  eloquence,  profun- 
dity, an<l   pcr.spicuity  j  combining   the   keenness   of    the 

132 


BAR 

Daruiscus  blade  with  the  weight  of  the  Highland  clay  - 
more. 

We  do  not  wonder  that  infidelity  was  put  to  rout,  and 
the  enemy  abashed  by  the  public  exposure  of  the  worthless- 
ness  of  the  armour  wherein  he  trusted. 

"  In  Barrow  we  shall  remark  the  deliberate  species  of  eloijuence 
existing  in  the  highest  force.  ...  If  we  look  for  a  manly  aud  fer- 
vid eloquence,  for  a  mighty  and  sustained  power,  kept  under  con- 
trol by  the  severest  logic,'  for  a  peculiar  quality  of  mastery  and 
vigour  to  which  all  tasks  appear  equally  easy,  we  may  point  with 
pride  to  the  writings  of  Barrow.  He  is  an  admirable  specimen  of 
a  class  of  men  who  fortunately  for  the  political,  the  literary,  and 
the  theological  slory  of  England,  have  adorned  her  two  gnat  seats 
of  learning.  Oxford  and  Cambridge,  at  alui'ist  every  period  of  her 
history.  Possessed  of  vast,  solid,  and  divtr>ified  learning,  witli 
practice  and  experience  in  the  affairs  of  real  lite  corrected  aud  ren- 
dered philosophical  by  retirement  and  meditation,  with  the  intense 
and  concentiat*-d  industry  of  the  monk,  guided  by  the  sense  of 
utility  of  the  man  of  the  world,  these  vigorous  scholars  seem  pe- 
culiarly adapted  by  Providence  to  become  firm  and  majestic  pillars 
of  such  an  ecclesiastical  establishment  as  the  Chxu-ch  of  England. 
•  Blessed  is  she'  —we  mav  venture  to  apply  the  words  of  Scripture 
—  '  for  she  has  her  quiver  full  of  them. '"-Pro/,  Shaw's  OuUtms  of 
English  Literature. 

'*•  He  once  uttered  a  most  memorable  observation,  which  charac- 
terizes both  the  intellectual  and  moral  constitution  of  his  mind- 
would  that  it  could  be  engraven  on  the  mind  of  every  youth,  a? 
his  guide  through  life — ■  A  i-tkaightlixelsthesboktestin  mokau 
AS  WELL  AS  IN  GEOMETKV.'" — Cleveland's  Comp.  of  Eng.  Lit. 

In  an  article  in  the  Quarterly  Review,  vol,  xxii.,  on 
Pulpit  Eloquence,  we  have  a  very  satisfactory  explanation 
of  the  exhaustive  character  of  Barrow's  Sermons,  which 
was  referred  to  by  Chas.  II.  when  he  called  him  au  *'  unfair 
preacher." 

'■  At  the  Restoration,  men's  minds  were  weary  of  religious,  as 
well  as  civil,  turbulence:  the  countrj^had  been  so  long  disti-acted 
by  the  multiplicity  of  sects,  all  equally  fierce  and  intolerant,  that 
repose  was  the  prevailing  wish  of  almost  all  parties.  There  was 
wanted,  therefore,  a  writ^-r,who.  as  it  were,  once  for  all,  should  search 
every  question  to  the  bottom  with  laborious  impartiality ;  who 
should  lay  it  in  all  its  possible  bearings  before  the  understanding ; 
who  should  not  merely  confute  every  error,  but  trace  it  to  its  ori- 
gin, aud  detect  its  secret  operation  on  the  mind;  who  should,  in 
short,  exhaust  as  it  were,  theology.  Such  a  preacher  was  Barrow. 
Endowed  with  au  acuteness  which  could  penetrate  every  subject, 
with  a  nicety  and  precision  of  definition  more  nearly  approaching 
than  any  other  modern,  except  perhaps  Bacon,  to  Aristotle;  with 
a  copiousness  and  varietv  of  language,  which  enabled  him  to  con- 
vey to  the  mind  with  the  utuiost  perspicuity  the  most  minute  dif- 
ferences; Barrow  add-d  tnall  tins  some  of  the  yet  unextinguished 
warmth  which  had  aniniati'd  his  predecessors,  and  is  occasionally 
glowing,  vehement,  impassioned." 

The  following  eloquent  eulogium  on  our  author  is  from 
the  same  able  periodical : 

"  Never  may  the  English  student  of  theology  be  weary  of  the 
study  of  Barrow  !  The  greatest  man  of  our  church— the  express 
image  of  her  doctrines  and  spirit— the  model,  fwe  do  not  hesitate 
to  say  it.)without  a  f;iult— a  pertect  masferof  the  art  of  reasoning, 
yet  awaie  of  the  limits  to  which  reason  should  be  confined,  now 
wielding  it  with  the  authoritvof  an  angel,  and  now  .again  stooping 
it  before  the  deep  things  ofGod  with  the  humihty  of  a  child- 
alike  removed  from  the  Puritan  of  his  own  generation,  and  the 
Rationalist  of  the  generation  which  succeeded  him— no  precisian, 
no  latitudinarian :  full  nf  faith,  vet  free  from  superstition,  a  ste-ad- 
fast  believer  in  a  particular  Providence,  in  the  efficacy  of  human 
prayers,  in  the  active  influence  of  God's  Spirit,  but  without  one 
touch  of  the  visionarv  :— Conscious  of  the  deep  corruption  of  our 
nature,  though  still  thinking  he  could  discover  in  it  some  traces 
of  God's  image  in  ruins,  and  under  a  lively  sense  of  the  const^ 
quences  of  this  corruption,  casting  himself  altogether  upon  Gods 
mercy  through  the  sufferings  of  a  Saviour  for  the  consummation 
of  '  that  day  which  he  desired  with  a  strong  desire  to  attain  unto, 
when,  his  mind  purged,  and  his  eye  clear,  he  should  be  permitted 
to  behold  aud  understand  without  the  labour  and  intervention  of 
slow  and  successive  thought,  not  this  our  system  alone,  but  more 
and  more  excellent  things  than  this.' " 

Wo  have  devoted  more  space  than  we  intended  to  the 
works  of  this  great  man.  But  which  of  our  readers  will 
blame  us  ?  Exalted  as  is  our  theme,  it  stands  not  upon  its 
own  merits  alone.  Great  as  is  the  name  of  Barrow,  it  is 
as  but  one  of  the  lesser  genii  who  announces  the  coming 
of  one  far  mightier,  before  whom  all  subordinate  powers 
bow  in  lowly  reverence.  Barrow  was  the  most  conspicuous 
star  that  had  arisen  in  that  twilight  dawning  which  pre- 
ceded the  full  burst  of  a  new  day  of  scientific  truth ;  but 
as  the  brightest  star  must  pale  before  the  glory  of  the  sun 
when  he  "goeth  forth  in  bis  strength,"  so  must  the  fame 
of  Barrow  give  place  to  the  mighty  name  of  Newton. 

In  imagination  we  are  carried  some  two  centuries  back, 
and  in  the  classical  halls  of  Trinity  College  we  behold,  in 
studious  converse,  a  tutor  who  softens  tbe  austerity  of  in- 
struction with  the  benignity  of  parental  interest,  and  a 
pale-faced  youth,  whose  ductile  mind  gladly  receives  thosu 
seeds  of  knowledge,  which,  by  tbe  richness  of  its  soil,  it  shall 
shortly  reproduce,  augmented  ahundred  fold.  Yes  !  here  is 
the  "  Isaac  Newton  of  our  college."  as  Barrow  affectionately 


styles  him  ; — "peregregia?  vir  indolis  ae  insignis  peritia'." 
Thou  hast  read  him  well,  philosopher!     Thy  master  is 


BAR 


BAR 


before  thee  in  that  modest  tyro,  who  now  drinks  in  every 
accent  of  thy  words  of  wisdom.  Thy  phice  shall  he  given 
to  one  greater  than  thou;  yet  shalt  thou  he  highly  exalted 
in  the  nohle  office  of  making  known  to  a  perishing  world 
the  glad  tidings  of  eternal  life,  through  the  proclamation 
of  the  everlastitg  gospel.  The  scholar  assumed  the  ma- 
thematical chair,  when  his  master,  who  had  resigned  it  in 
his  favour,  ascended  the  pulpit.  Between  such  men,  the 
idea  of  i-ivalry  is  out  of  place.  They  laboured  for  one 
end.  they  advanced  the  same  cause,  though  in  different 
departments  of  the  Master's  vineyard. 

The  distinguished  tutor  and  his  illustrious  pupil,  Isaac 
Newton  and  Isaac  Barrow,  the  philosopher-divine  and 
the  divine-philosopher,  the  one  from  the  scientific  chair, 
and  the  other  from  the  sacred  desk,  served  their  genera- 
tion as  chosen  expositors  of  the  ways  of  Providence  and 
the  revelation  of  His  word;  and  their  recorded  teachings 
shall,  to  remotest  times  and  as  yet  unpeopled  regions,  de- 
clare the  "wonderful  works  of  God  !" 

Barrow,  James.  A  Poem  on  the  Peace  between 
Great  Brit^iin  and  France.  Lon.,  1802,  4to. 

Barrow,  John.     Visit^ation  Sermon,  lfiS.3.  4to. 

Barrow,  John.  New  Medicinal  Dictionary,  con- 
taining an  Kxphmation  of  all  the  Terras  used  in  Physic, 
Ac,  Lon.,  1749,  8vo.  New  Essay  of  the  Practice  of  Phy- 
sic, Lon.,  1767. 

Barrow,  John.  Navigatio  Britannica,  or  a  complete 
System  of  Navigation  in  all  its  Branches,  Lon.,  1750.  4tn. 

"  In  this  pc-rfniiiKtnce.  the  author,  from  a  few  self-evident  prin- 
ciples, and  in  a  methodical  and  perspicuous  manner,  leads  the 
learner,  as  it  were,  by  the  hand,  thro'  a  yradual  ascent,  till  he  be- 
comes a  complete  master  both  of  the  theory  and  practice  of  the 
whole  art." — Lon.  Monthly  Eevieiv. 

A  New  and  Universal  Dictionary  of  Arts  and  Sciences, 
Lon.,  175.3,  folio.  A  Supplement,  1755,  fol.  A  Collection 
of  Authentic,  Useful,  and  Entertaining  Voyages  and 
Discoveries,  digested  in  a  Chronological  Series.  1675.  .3 
vols.  12mo. ;  the  first  edit,  of  this  was  i)ub.  anonymously 
in  1756,  and  was  entitled  A  Chronological  Abridgement, 
or  History  of  Discoveries  made  by  Europeans  in  different 
parts  of  the  World.  The  2d  edit,  was  much  enlarged, 
and  succeeded  so  well  that  Targe  pub.  a  translation  in 
French,  in  the  next  year,  at  Paris,  in  12  vols. 

Barrow,  Sir  John,  1764-lvS4y,  distinguished  him- 
self by  his  scicntiiic  acquirements  and  his  valuable 
accounts  of  Travels  and  Voyages.  As  private  secretary 
to  Sir  George  Staunton,  who  accompanied  the  Earl  of 
Macartney  in  his  expedition  to  China,  and  as  under- 
secretary to  the  Admiralty,  he  enjoyed  pcf^uHar  advantages 
for  personal  observation  and  access  to  the  recorded  expe- 
rience of  others.  Parry  and  Franklin  have  been  much 
indebted  to  the  suggestions  of  Sir  John  Barrow,  and  most 
of  the  scientific  expeditions  that  have  been  undertaken  by 
England  for  the  last  twenty  years  have  been  referred  (o 
Sir  John  for  approval.  His  work  on  Cochin  China  has 
been  translated  (!)  into  French  by  Malte  Brun.  De 
Guignes  wrote  a  treatise  on  one  of  his  works,  entitled  Ob- 
servations sur  les  voyages  de  Barrow  a  la  Chine.  See 
Georgian  Era.  A  work  on  Mathematical  Drawing  Instru- 
ments, Lon.,  1790.  Account  of  Travels  into  the  Interior 
of  Southern  Africa  in  the  years  1797  and  179S,  Lon.,  4to, 
2  vols.,  lSOl-04;  2d  ed.,  1806. 

"  Very  few  writers  of  travels  have  po5:<;ps«:pd  such  a  variety  and 
extent  of  information,  both  political  and  srientitic  as  Mr.  Barrow: 
hence  these  volumes  are  acceptable  and  instructive  to  all  classes 
of  readers,  and  have  attained  a  celebrity  not  greater  than  they  de- 
serve."— Stevenson. 

Travels  in  China,  4to,  Lon.  1804;  2d  edit.  1806. 

"The  mnst  valuable  and  interestinfr  account  of  the  Chinese  na- 
tion that  has  been  yet  laid  before  the  public."' — luh'nhvrgh  Jfcview. 

A  Voyage  to  Cochin  China  in  the  years  1793  and  179.3: 
to  which  is  annexed  an  Account  of  a  Journey  made  in 
the  years  ISOl  and  1S02  to  the  residence  of  the  Chief  of 
the  Booshuana  Nation.  4to,  Lon.,  1S06. 

"  Perhaps  the  most  valuable  of  all  Mr.  Barrow's  travels,  as  it 
relates  to  a  country  unt  previouslv  known,  except  by  the  account 
of  the  missionaries.  .  .  .  In  1S09.  a  pretended  French  translation 
by  :\ralte  Rrun  .-ippeared.  in  which  the  text  of  Barrow  was  com- 
pletely perverted  and  corrupted."' — Low?fBES. 

Some  Account  of  the  Public  Life,  and  a  Selection  from 
the  unpublished  Writings,  of  the  Earl  of  Macartney,  &c., 
2  vols.  4to,  Lon,  1807.  This  work  should  accompany 
Sir  George  Staunton's  account  of  his  Lordship's  embassy 
to  China. 

"  The  short  sketch  relatintr  to  Russia  contains  more  information 
than  is  to  be  met  with  in  many  4t<?  volumes." — Qiinrfprli/  Rpview. 

Chronological  History  of  Voyages  into  the  Polar  Re- 
gions. Ac,  Svo,  Lon.,  ISIS. 

"  ITis  most  elaborate  work  !■=  An  TTistnrical  Account  of  Vova^es 
Into  the  Arctic  Regions,  for  which  his  situation  as  uuder-secretary 


to  the  Admiralty  and  his  own  extensive  geographical  information 
well  fitted  him." — Gef-rgian  Era. 

Life  of  Lord  Howe,  Admiral  o*"  the  British  Fleet, 
chiefly  compiled  from  Original  and  unpublished  Docu- 
ments, Svo,  1838. 

"  An  adniir.ible  piece  of  biography,  which  should  be  perused  by 
every  Englishman  glowing  with  the  love  of  his  country,  and  be 
placed  in  the  hands  of  everj''  youth  destined  for  the  naval  profea- 
sinn.  There  had  previously  been  no  even  tolerable  life  of  this 
LM-cnt  hero  nf  the  glorious  first  of  June.  The  new  materials  at 
til'-  dispiisai  of  f^ir  John  Barrow,  consisted  of  Earl  Howe's  journal. 
^l^l^ill^'  all  the  time  his  fla;;  was  up — upwards  of  four  hundred  let- 
teis  ill  his  own  hand-writing,  and  many  addressed  to  him  by  royal 
and  ofTirial  persons,  as  well  as  by  lii-^  privati-  friends;  and.  as  mav 
be  supposed,  the  author's  station  and  l.-ie.''  '■xpcrience  as  .Secretary 
of  the  Admiralty  have  opened  for  hiiu  all  our  tlovernment  depo- 
sitories, and  qualified  him  to  make  au  excellent  use  of  whatever 
these  or  other  sources  afforded  hia»." — Lrm.  QuarUrly  Rn-uw. 

"We  conceive  that  this  work  is  calculated,  in  many  respects,  to 
do  more  good  as  a  manual  in  the  hands  nf  our  rii^ing  young  offi- 
cers, than  even  Pouthey's  Life  of  Nelson." — Edinhurgh  Review. 

Life  of  Lord  Anson,  Admiral  of  the  British  Fleet,  in- 
cluding an  Outline  of  his  Voyage  Round  the  World,  com- 
piled from  Official  Documents  and  the  Family  Papers, 
Svo.  Lon..  18:^9. 

"That  Anson's  Life  and  memorable  Voyages  should  be  illus- 
trated by  one  who  has  superintended  the  equipment  and  progress 
of  so  many  similar  undertakings,  is  every  way  fitting;  and  we 
therefore  congratulate  the  public  on  this  acceptable  publication. 
We  have  often  looked  anxiously  for  a  life  of  Anson ;  particularlr 
as  we  know  that  amongst  officers  of  the  navy,  this  blank  in  their 
professional  litei-ature  was  much  lamented.  It  is  a  piece  of  good 
fortune  both  to  the  service  and  the  countrj^  that  the  task  has 
fulli'n  into  the  hands  of  one  so  pre-eminently  competent  as  well 
by  his  position  as  by  his  scientific  knowledge  and  literary  talents." 
— lufhihurgli  Review. 

Dibdin  in  the  Library  Companion  remarks,  referring  to 
Anson,  "considering  what  he  saw,  and  what  he  accom- 
plished, it  is  to  be  regretted  that  we  are  not  in  possessiou 
of  a  more  perfect  record  of  his  achievements." 

This  work  is  exactly  what  was  required. 

■'  The  Appendix  (64  pagesi  on  the  present  state  of  the  navies  of 
Cireat  Britain,  France.  Russia,  .\merica,  ic,  and  on  the  manning 
and  health  of  the  navy,  is  a  very  impttrtant  document,  and  will  be 
read  with  immediate  and  infinite  interest.'' — Literary  Gazette. 

The  Life,  Voyages,  and  Exploits  of  Admiral  Sir  Francis 
Drake,  Knt.,  p.  400;  2d  edit,  abridged,  p.  200.  Reprinted 
in  Murray's  Colonial  Library.  Autobiographical  Memoir. 
Memoirs  of  Naval  Worthies.  Mutiny  of  the  Bounty. 
Sketches  of  the  Royal  Society  and  its  Club. 

Autobiography  of  Sir  John  Barrow,  Bart.,  late  of  the 
Admiralty,' 8vo,"l847. 

"  Sir  John  Barrow  undertakes  his  task  in  a  manner  which  must 
eet  every  reader  at  ease.  Possessing — not  idly  boasting — a  mens 
Sana  in  corpnre  saiin — bearing  testimony,  throughout  his  narra- 
tive, to  the  honourable  and  healthy  influences  of  work,  and  to  the 
certainty  with  which  enertry  and  self-improvement  will  advance 
the  fortunes  of  one  lowly  born — we  have  rarely  looked  into  a  re- 
cord of  ei-rhty  ye.ars  which  chronirles  so  much  of  prosperity  and 
happiness.  Nor  can  we  ti">rget  that  .'^ir  John  Barrow's  public  career 
lay  in  the  most  interesting  and  varii'd  hemisphere  of  the  official 
world.  In  short,  here  is  another  pleas;int  English  book  to  bo 
added  to  the  Englishman's  library." — Aihcnanim.. 

Barrow,  John,  Jr.,  son  of  the  preceding.  Excur- 
sions in  the  North  of  Europe,  Ac,  Svo,  Lon.,  1835. 

"  If  the  work  were  less  meritorious  than  it  is,  we  should  still 
have  applauded  the  spirit  of  the  undertaking;  but.  in  fact,  th  ; 
execufion  is  fully  equal  to  the  purpose,  and  we  have  seldom  read 
a  more  amusing  narrative.  Nothinir  is  barren  to  this  inquisitive 
and  candid  traveller." — Quarterly  Review. 

Visit  to  Iceland,  by  way  of  Tronyem,  in  the  summer  of 
1S34,  Lou.,  Svo,  18.35. 

"  We  found  Mr.  Barrow's  former  journal  f^Kxcursion  to  the  North 
of  Europe)  so  pleasant,  and,  compared  with  the  writings  of  travel- 
lers on  the  beaten  hijh  road  of  the  r,,iitinent.  so  fresh,  that  we 
were  glad  to  receive  his  Visit  to  Iceland,  and  think  it  quite  as 
interesting,  and  fully  as  unaffected  in  style  as  its  predecessor. 
The  book  is.  on  the  whole,  a  manly  and  pleasant  one.  and  we  hope 
Sir.  Barrow  will  not  give  up  hi^  summer  rambles." — Lou-Afhena-um. 

Tour  round  Ireland  in  the  Autumn  of  1835,  Lon.,  Svo, 
1836.  Tour  in  Austrian  Lombardy,  Bavaria,  Ac,  p.  Svo, 
1S40.     Memoir  of  his  Father,  Sir  John  Barrow. 

"  Mr.  Barrow's  volume  is  shrewd  and  lively:  liis  eyes  are  sharp, 
and  what  he  sees  he  never  fails  to  place  in  a  clear  and  entertain- 
ing manner  before  us."' — 7>m.  Quar.  Rev. 

Itarrow,  John  H.,  d.  1S58.  1.  Mirror  of  Parlia- 
ment. 2.  Kiuir  Maleek,  and  other  works.  For  many 
years  cuinected  with  the  London  press. 

Barrow,  S.    Religious  School-Books,  Lon.,  1812,  *13. 

Barrow,  William,  b.  about  1754,  d.  1836.  studied  at 
Queen's  College.  Oxford.  lie  delivered  the  Bampton  Lec- 
tures for  1709  ;  when  published  in  a  volume,  they  met  with 
a  rapid  sale.  An  Essay  on  Education.  12mo,  Lon.,  1802. 
Two  large  editions  were  sold  in  a  few  years.  Sermons 
pub.  at  various  dates.  After  retiring  from  the  duties  of  a 
school,  of  which  he  had  charere  for  17  years, 

"  He  divided  his  time  between  his  books,  to  which  he  alwavs  re* 

133 


BAR 


BAR 


fained  a  stronjc  attaL-bment.  and  the  conversation  and  society  of 
his  friends,  to  whom  his  visits  were  always  acceptable;  not  decliu- 
int;,  however,  to  Rive  gratuitous  assistance  to  hia  clerical  friends  in 
the  duties  of  his  proti-ssiun,  or  to  preach  occasional  sermons,  of 
wliicb  many  were  published  at  the  request  of  the  audiences  to 
which  they  were  respectively  addressed." — Lnn.  Gent,  M<ig. 

The  Familiar  Sermons  on  several  of  the  Doctrines  and 
Duties  of  the  Christian  Religion,  (Lon.,  1818,)  were  pub. 
with  the  avowed  design  of  preseuting  the  junior  clergy 
with  models  of  pulpit  composition. 

BarroweSf  or  Barrowe,  Henry,  a  Browni?t,  was 
executed  at  Tyburn  with  John  Greenwood,  April  H,  1592, 
being  found  guilty  under  an  indictment  (statute  23  Eliz.) 
*' for  writing  and  publishing  sundry  seditious  books  and 
pamphlets  tending  to  the  slander  of  the  queen  and  govern- 
ment."      See  Brook's  Lives  of  the  Puritans.       He  wrote 

I.  A  Brief  Discoverie  of  the  False  Church ;  as  is  the  Mother 
such  the  Daughter  is,  Lon.,  1590, 4to;  containing  263  pages. 
Keprinted  in  170".  2. Platform,  which  may  serve  as  a  Pre- 
parative to  drive  away  Prelatism,  1593,  Svo.  A  copy  of 
this  rare  work  is  in  the  British  Museum. 

Barrs,  George.  Sketch  rel.  to  Church  of  Rowley 
Regis,  1813. 

Barry,  Lord  Yelvcrtou.  Speech  in  House  of  Lords 
on  Union  between  (ir.  Britain  and  Ireland,  1800. 

Barry,  Earl  Faruham.  Exam,  of  a  Speech  by 
Lord  Minto.  Ac.  ISOO. 

Barry,  Sir  David,  M.D.,  1780-1835.  Researches  on 
the  Influence  exercised  by  Atmospheric  Pressure  upon  the 
Progression  of  the  Blood  in  the  Veins,  upon  tho  function 
called  Absorption,  and  upon  the  Prevention  and  Cure  of 
the  symptoms  caused  by  the  Bites  of  Rabid  or  Venomous 
Animals,  Lon.,  1826. 

•■  Without  admittinj;  all  the  inferences  di-awn  by  Dr.  Barry  upon 
this  subject,  the  work  must  be  allowed  to  be  very  iuii>ortant,  and 
to  display  great  ability  on  the  part  of  the  author.  It  excited  con- 
siderable interest  both  at  home  and  abroad." 

Barry,  Edward,  M.D..  D.D.,  b.  about  1759,  d.  1822, 
studied  at  the  University  of  St.  Andrews.  He  pub.  a  num- 
ber of  works  ou  medicine,  law,  divinity,  and  politics,  Lon., 
1783-1809. 

Barry,  Sir  Edward,  M.D.,  d.  1776,  studied  at  Ley- 
don,  under  Boerhaave.  Treatise  ou  Consumption  of  the 
Lungs.  Dub.,  172G:  Lon.,  1727,  Svo,  On  Digestions.  Dis- 
charges. Ac,  Lon..  1759.  Ccm.  to  Ed.  Med.  Ess.,  1732-41:. 
On  the  Wines  of  the  Ancients,  &c.,  Lon,,  1775. 

"  The  substance  of  this  work  will  be  found  in  Dr.  Alex,  Hender- 
son's History  of  Wines." — Lowndes. 

But  Mr.  Lowndes  should  have  stated  that  Dr.  Barry's 
was  a  prior  publication.  Henderson's  History  was  pub. 
in  1824. 

Barry,  Garret.  Discourse  of  Military  Discipline  de- 
rided into  three  Boockes,  Bruxelles.  1634,  sm.  fol. 

"  This  singular  and  extremely  curious  work  is  not  noticed  by 
Grose  in  his  history  of  the  English  Army." — Lowndes. 

Barry,  George,  1747-1804,  was  minister  of  the  parish 
of  Shapinshay.  He  was  a  contributor  to  Sir  John  Sin- 
clair's Statistical  Account  of  Scotland,  Ediu.,  1792-99,  Svo. 
He  devoted  several  years  to  collecting  materials  for  a  civil 
and  natural  history  of  the  67  Islands  of  Orkney,  and  in 
1805  pub.  The  History  of  the  Orkney  Islands,  ic,  Edin. 
and  Lon.,  4to. 

"  No  inconsiderable  interest  is  certainly  imparted  to  the  con- 
tents of  this  volume,  by  the  remoteness  of  the  Orkneys,  the  little 
intercourse  which  they  hold  with  the  central  parts  of  the  empire, 
the  incidents  of  a  foreij^n  population,  their  lonj^  connection  with 
another  state,  their  subsequent  incorpoi-ation  with  tho  crown  of 
Scotland,  and  the  differences  of  their  manners,  laws,  and  usages." 
— Lon.  Monthly  Review. 

Barry,  Girald,  usually  called  Giraldus  Cam- 
breusis,  or  Girald  of  Wales,  was  born  about  1146, 
and  is  supposed  to  have  died  aliout  the  year  1223.  His 
father,  William  de  Barri.  was  a  powerful  Norman  baron, 
hi.s  mother  was  a  descendant  of  the  princes  of  South  Wales. 
His  education  was  completed  at  the  University  of  Paris, 
where  he  studied  for  three  years,  and  proved  bis  natural 
genius  and  assiduity  in  study  by  his  famous  lectures  on 
rhetoric  and  polite  literature.  Returning  to  England  in 
1172,  ho  entered  into  holy  orders,  and  obtained  several 
benefices  in  England  and  Wales.  Upon  the  death  of  his 
uncle,  David  Fitz-Gerald,  Bishop  of  St.  David's,  who  had 
directed  his  early  studie.-^.  the  chapter  made  choice  of  Gl- 
raldus  as  his  successor;  but  the  np]ni,sition  of  King  Henry 

II.  prevented  this  proniutiun.  Hercup«»n  (iiraldus,  in  1176, 
returned  to  Paris,  and  renewed  his  studies  in  theology, 
and  in  the  civil  and  canon  law.  paying  especial  attention 
to  tho  decretals,  or  papal  constitutions.  In  IISO  he  again 
visited  England,  and  in  11S5,  whilst  acting  as  secretary 
and  privy  counsellor  to  Prince  {afterwards  King)  John, 
who  was  at  this  time  in  Ireland,  ho  commenced  collectinir 

134 


the  materials  for  his  Topographia  Hibernian,  which  ho 
completed  in  1187.  In  this  year  he  read  this  work,  tha 
three  books,  on  three  successive  days,  before  a  public  audi- 
ence at  Oxford.  Knowing  that  men  are  accessible  in  other 
ways  than  through  love  of  letters,  he  gave  sumptuous 
entertainments  one  day  to  the  poor  of  the  town,  the  second 
day  to  the  doctors  and  scholars  of  celebrity,  and  the  third 
diiy  to  the  scholars  of  lower  rank,  the  soldiers,  townsmen, 
and  burgesses. 

Giraldus  is  not  at  all  too  modest  to  inform  us  of  his  uni- 
form success  as  a  disputant,  and  of  the  marvellous  effects 
of  his  eloquence.  So  great  he  assures  us  was  the  latter, 
that  those  who  were  ignorant  of  the  Latin  or  French,  in 
which  he  addressed  them,  were  still  moved  to  tears  by  his 
orations  ! 

In  11 98  PeterdeLeia,  preferred  by  the  choice  of  Henry  II. 
to  the  bishopric  of  St.  David's,  in  place  of  Giraldus,  was 
removed  by  death,  and  again  Giraldus  was  elected,  but  the 
Archbishop  of  Canterbury  refused  to  accept  the  nomina- 
tion. The  chapter  again  elected  him,  and  Giraldus  visited 
Rome  to  plead  on  their  behalf.  The  pope  decided  against 
the  bi.sbop-elect  in  1203,  and  Geofl'rey  de  Hcnlawe  was 
elected  Bishop  of  St.  David's.  Thus  disappointed,  he  re- 
nounced all  ambitious  hopes,  and  devoted  himself  to  lite- 
rary composition.  When  overtures  were  made  to  him  in 
1215  to  accept  of  the  again  vacant  see  of  St.  David's,  he 
judged  it  best  under  the  circumstances  of  the  case  to  de- 
cline all  advances.  He  finished  two  of  his  most  important 
works,  De  Principis  Instructione,  and  the  Speculum  Eccle- 
siiE,in  1210,  in  which  year  he  also  revised  a  second  edition 
of  the  dialogues  of  the  church  of  St.  David's.  Tanner 
quotes  a  document  which  states  that  in  1223  the  church 
of  Chesterton  in  Oxfordshire  was  vacant  "by  the  death 
of  Master  G.  de  Barri,"  from  which  we  presume  this  to 
have  been  the  date  of  his  death.  Giraldus  was  undoubt- 
edly one  of  the  brightest  ornaments  of  his  age. 

"  Noble  in  his  liirth.  and  comely  in  his  person ;  mild  in  his  man- 
ners, and  affable  in  !iis  conversation;  zealous,  active,  and  un- 
daunted in  maiutaiuiug  the  rii,'bts  and  dignities  of  his  church; 
moral  in  his  character,  and  orthodox  in  his  principles;  charitable 
and  disinterested,  though  ambitious;  learned,  though  supersti- 
tious: such  wasUiraldus.  And.  in  whatever  point  of  view  we  exa- 
mine the  charact-er  of  this  extraordinary  man.  whether  as  a  scho- 
lar, a  patriot,  or  a  divine,  we  m.ay  justly  consider  him  as  one  of 
the  brightt'st  luminaries  that  adorned  the  annals  of  the  twelfth 
century." 

So  writes  Sir  Richard  Colt  Hoare.  who,  in  1806,  pub.  in 
two  splendid  quarto  volumes,  the  Itinerary  of  Archbishop 
Baldwin  through  Wales,  A.  d.  IISS,  by  Giraldus  de  Barri; 
translated  into  English,  and  illustrated  with  views,  anno- 
tations, and  a  life  of  Giraldus. 

Giraldus  was  a  voluminous  author:  his  own  list  con- 
sists of 

1.  The  Chronography  and  Cosmography  in  Latin  hexa- 
meters and  pentameters.  Not  known  to  be  in  existence. 
2.  The  Topographia  Hibernifc,  in  3  books,  printed  Franc- 
fort,  1602.  and  in  Holinshed.  3.  The  Expugnatio  Hiber- 
nlsif  sivo  Historia  Vaticiualis;  an  Account  of  the  Norman 
Conquest  of  Ireland,  being  a  sequel  to  the  preceding  work, 

"  The  many  invectives  contained  in  it  against  Ireland,  and  the 
natives  of  it,  the  fables  with  which  it  ahnundt'd.  and  the  gross 
errors  through  the  whole,  alarmed  many  of  the  Irish,  and  set  their 
pens  a-going.'* 

Archbishop  Usher's  opinion  is  highly  favourable : 

'■  Viruni  Aut)r|nii;ilinn.  luiu  Iliberuiji.'  solum  sua;,  sed  aliariun 
etiam  gentium  scieiilissimum.'' 

4.  Legends  of  Saints.  Some  of  these  lives  have  been 
printed  in  Wharton's  Anglia  Sacra.  5.  The  Life  of  Geof- 
frey, Archbishop  of  York.  Printed  by  Wharton.  Com- 
piled in  1193.  6.  Symbolum  Elcetorum.  Not  printed. 
7.  Liber  Invectionuiu.  8.  Speculum  duorum  commonitorum 
et  consolatorium.  Both  of  these  books  are  supposed  to  be  lust. 
9.  Gemma  Eoclesiastica.  10.  The  Itinerary  of  Cambria. 
11.  The  Topographia  Cambria,  in  2  books.  The  1st  only 
was  printed  in  the  earliest  editions.  Tho  2d  was  first 
printed  in  the  Anglia  Sacra.  12.  De  Fidei  Fructu  fideli- 
que  Defectu ;  which  is  lost.  13.  De  Principis  Instruc- 
tione. 14.  De  Gestis  Giraldi  Laboriosis.  15.  De  Jure  et 
Sbitu  Menevensis  ecclcsice. 

The  above  (from  Wright's  Biog.  Brit.  Lit.)  complete 
Giraldus's  own  list;  but  the  Speculum  Ecclesitx,  one  of  his 
latest  and  most  remarkable  productions,  must  be  added. 

Harry,  J.  M.,  M.D.     The  Cow-Pox,  Cork,  1800. 

Barry,  James,  Lord  of  Sautry,  1598-1673.  Tho 
Case  of  Tenures,  ic,  Dubl.,  1637,  fob;  repr.  1725,  12mo. 

Barry,  James,  1741-1806,  a  distinguished  painter, 
b.  at  Cork.  He  pub.  a  number  of  profess,  works,  1775- 
93.  which  wore  ct.llectcd  and  pub.  in  2  vols.  4to,  1S09, 
Lon. ;  Lite  prefixed.  In  earl}'  life  Barry  was  enabled  to 
study  his  art  ia  Italy,  through  the  bounty  of  that  orna- 


BAR 

ment  to  human  nature,  Kdiuun.l  Burke.     Sec  Barry's  Let- 
ters iM  liurke,  in  the  "  Correspou.Ienco"  of  the  hitter. 

Barry,  M.  J.,  aud  \V.  Keogh.  A  Treatise  on  the 
Practice  of  the  High  Court  of  Chancery  in  Ireland,  Dubl., 

1S41.  8vo. 

"  It  is  the  condensation  of  the  works  of  Daniell,  Mitford,  Story, 
Ihirriion,  aud  Hare  upou  the  sul'ject  of  Equity  Pleading  and 
Tracticu  adapted  to  the  Irish  Equity  Rules  and  Decisionu.  The 
authors  have  written  their  wurk  with  a  constant  reference  to  the 
best  autliorities;  auri  it  will  be  consulted  with  advanUige  by  every 
Kquity  lawyer." — Marviti's  Legal  Bibl. 

Barry,  Thos,     Monsipi  Indians,  1797-1800. 

Barry,  Thos.  tie,  a  Scottish  poet,  flourished  about 

lljyij.     lie  was  a  canon  of  Gla^^gow,  and  the  first  provost 

of  Bothwcll.     He  was  the  authur  of  a  Latin  poem  in  ho- 

uuur  of  the  battle  of  Utterbuurne.     See  Extracts  in  For- 

iuu's  Scoti-Chronicun,  by  Bower,  lib.  xiv.  cap.  54. 

"Of  the  leuuine  kind,  and'sullicieully  barbarous."— De.  Irvin'G. 

Barstou,  John.     Safcj^uarde  of  Sucictie,  Lon.,  1576, 

BarteII,Ed.,Jr.   Town  of  Cromer,  ISOU.  Hints,  ISO-i. 

Barter,  Charles.     Sermon,  1SU6, 

Barthlet,  J.  Pedegrewoof  Pop.  Ileretiques.Lon,,  1566, 

B a rtholo Ulceus,  Bishop  of  Exeter,  d.  about  11S7,  is 

honourably  mentioned  by  Giraldus  Cambrensis  as  one  of 

the  great  luminaries  of  his  country.    His  best-known  work 

is  a  Penitential :    a  cumpilatiou  from  similar  works,  and 

the  canons  and  constitutions  of  the  Church.     Among  his 

other  works  were  Dialogues  against  the  Jews,  (in  MS,  in 

the  Bodleian  Library,)  and,  according  to  Leland,  a  treatise 

De   Praidestinatione  et  Libcro  ArbiLrio.     Bale  and    Pits 

ascribe  several   other    works    to    this  author.     See  Bale, 

Pits,  and  Biog,  Brit.  Lit. 

Barthulomfeus  Anglicus,  or  Glanvil,  flourished 
about  loiiO.  He  was  of  the  family  of  the  Earls  of  Suflolk, 
and  by  profession  a  Franciscan  monk.  He  pursued  his 
studies  at  Oxford,  Paris,  and  Rome,  paying  especial  atten- 
tion to  the  writings  of  Aristotle,  Plato,  and  Pliny.  The 
result  of  his  learned  investigations  (besides  articles  of  less 
note)  was  his  celebrated  work  in  Latin,  De  Proprietatibus 
Rerum,  which  is  composed  of  19  dissertations,  upon  the 
Supreme  Being,  angels,  devils,  the  soul,  the  body,  animals, 
ic.  In  some  copies  there  is  an  additional  book  not  of  his 
composition.  Glanvil  was  largely  indebted  to  the  Specu- 
lum Naturale  of  Beauvais.  This  work  was  very  popular, 
and  translations  were  made  into  the  English,  French, 
Dutch,  and  Spanish  languages.  Fur  an  account  of  the 
various  editions  and  for  other  works  of  this  author,  see 
Bale,  Tanner,  Brunet.  Watt.  Lowndes,  &c.  John  Trevisa's 
translation  into  English  is  the  most  splendid  production  of 
the  press  of  Wynkyn  dc  Worde,  (s/jif  an}W.)  A  copy  was 
sold  at  the  White  Knight's  sale  (1778)  for  £53  11*.;  Al- 
chorne.  (158,)  imperfect,  £1.3  13«. ;  Roxburghe,  (1569,)  two 
leaves  wanting,  £70  78.  The  next  edition  was  printed  in 
1535.  fob,  and  the  3d  and  last  cd.  in  1582.  fol, 

Bartholomew,  Mrs.  Anuie  E.,  b.  at  Sodon,  Nor- 
folk, Eng..  during  the  early  part  of  the  present  century. 
The  Sougs  of  Azrael :  a  vol.  of  Poems.  The  King,  or  the 
Farmer's  Daughter;  a  Play,  1829.  It's  Only  My  Aunt; 
a  Farce,  1S49. 

Bartholomew,  John.  Fall  of  the  French  Monarchy, 
17  yi. 

Bartholomew,  Wm,  Sermon  on  Proclaiming  King 
Charles  II..  Luke  xi.  21,  22,  1660,  4to. 

Bartlet,  Richard.     Serm.,  John  xii.  13,  Lon.,  1655. 
Bartlet,  Wm,     Congregational  Way,  Lon.,  1647. 
Bartlet,  Wm,     Sermons.  1714-18. 
Bartlet,  William  S.,  A.M.,  b.  1809,  at  Newburyport, 
Mass.,  Rector  of  St.  Luke's  Church,  Chelsea,  Mass.     The 
Frontier  Missionary:    a  Memoir  of  the  Life  of  the  Rev. 
Jacob  Bailey,  A.M.,  forming  the  2d  vol.  of  the  collections 
of  the  Prot.  Epis.  Hist,  St)c.,  Bost.,  1S53,  Svo.     Highly 
comnicudt'd  in  the  Chris.  Exam.,  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  &c. 

Bartlctt,  Benj,,  1714-1787,  a  writer  on  numismatics 
and  topography.  The  Episcopal  Coins  of  Durham  and 
the  Monastic  Coins  of  Reading,  minted  during  the  Reigns 
of  Edward  I.,  IL,  and  III.,  appropriated  to  their  respec- 
tive owners;  Archaeol.,  v.  335,  1779.  On  the  Episcopal 
Coins  of  Durham,  Newcastle,  1S17:  105  copies  printed. 
Episcopal  Coins  of  Durham  and  Monastic  Coins  of  Read- 
ing; Darlington.  Manduessedum  Romanorum,  [Manches- 
ter,] Lon.,  1791.  This  is  the  first  portion  of  the  continua- 
tion of  the  Biblioth.  Topog.  Brit.  Mr.  Bartlctt  formed  a 
valuable  collection  of  coins,  &q. 

Bartlett,  David  W.,  b.  1828.  What  I  Saw  in  Lon- 
don. Life  of  Lady  Jane  Grey.  Life  of  Frank  Pierce. 
Pen-Portraits  oi'  Modern  Agitators,  kc. 

Bartlctt,  Elisha,  M.D..  1805-1855,  b.  Smithfield, 
R.L;  grad.  Med.  Dept.  Brown  Univ.,  1826;  Prof,  in  Dart- 


BAU 

mouth  ColL,  1839;  Transylvania  Univ.,  Ky.,  1841  ;  Univ. 
Md.,  1844,  and  again  at  Trans.  Univ.,  1846;  Louisville  in 
1849;  in  Univ.  of  New  York,  1850;  and  in  1851  in  the 
N.Y.  Coll.  of  Physicians  aud  Surgeons,  which  position  he 
held  uutil  his  death.  1.  Imiuiry  into  the  Certainty  of 
Medicines.  2.  Philosophy  of  Medicines,  Svo.  3.  Fevers 
of  the  U.S.,  8vo  :  other  medical  works.  4.  A  vol.  of  Poems 
entitled  Simple  Settings  in  Verse  for  Portraits  aud  Pic- 
tures fn-ni  Mr.  Dickens's  Gallery,  1855. 

Bartlett,  J.  Di?eases  of  Horses,  dkc, Lon.,  1754, '58. '64. 
Bartlett,  John.     A  Collection  of  Familiar  Quota- 
tions, Cambridge,  Mass.,  1855;   3d  ed.,  with  Supp.,  1858, 
12mo. 

Bartlett,  John  Russell,  b.  Oct.  23,  1805,  at  Provi- 
dence, K.L,  a  merchant ;  from  1850-53,  Commissioner  on 
the  part  of  the  U.S.  for  running  the  Mexican  boundary- 
line.  Progress  of  Ethnology:  an  Account  of  Recent 
Archieological,  Philological,  and  Geographical  Researches 
tending  to  elucidate  the  Physical  History  of  Man,  N.Y., 
1847,  Svo.  Reminiscences  of  Albert  Gallatin,  N.Y.,  18-19- 
Dictionary  of  Americanisms :  a  Glossary  of  Words  and 
Phrases  usually  regarded  as  peculiar  to  the  United  States, 
N.Y.,  1848,  Svo,  pp.  412;  new  ed..  1858,  Personal  Nar- 
rative of  Explorations  and  Incidents  in  Texas,  New 
Mexico,  California,  Sonora,  and  Chihuahua,  connected 
with  the  United  States  and  Mexican  Boundary  Commission 
in  the  Years  1850,  '51,  '52,  '53,  N.Y.,  1854,  2  vols.  Svo. 

"This  work  of  Mr.  Bartlett  is  replete  with  interest  from  tba 
manner  in  which  be  has  jottt-cl  down  his  observations.  The  style 
is  simple  and  unpreteudio;;.  and  all  the  more  graphic  and  attractive 
on  that  account.  The  incid*-'uts— many  exciting,  some  aniuding, 
others  hnmorous,  and  all  entertaining — evidently  were  recorded 
while  they  were  fresh  in  the  mind  of  the  author;  and  in  the  same 
fresh  way  they  will  reach  the  mind  of  the  reader." — A^I'  Knicktr- 
hocker,  July,  lSo4. 

Official  Despatches  and  Correspondence  connected  with 
the  United  States  and  Mexican  Boundary  Commission, — 
Senate  Document  No.  lUt,  31st  Congress,  1st  Session. 

Bartlett,  Joseph,  176.3-1827,  grad,  at  Harvard, 
1782.  In  170U  he  clelivcred  a  poem  on  Physiognomy  be- 
fore tho  Phi  Beta  Kappa  Soc.  of  Harvard.  An  ed.  of  his 
poems  Tvas  pub.  at  Boston,  1823.  and  dedicated  to  John 
Quiucy  Adams  ;  appended  to  which  were  a  number  of 
Aphorisms  on  Men.  Manners.  Principles,  and  Tbini::s. 

Bartlett,  Josiah,  M.D.,  1759-1820,  b.  in  Charles- 
town,  Mass.  Progress  of  Medical  Science  in  Mass..  1810. 
History  of  Charlestown,  1814.  Address  to  Eree  Masons, 
1797.     Oration  on  Death  of  Dr.  John  Warren,  1815. 

Bartlett,  William  Henry,  1809-1854,  a  native  of 
Kentish  Town,  the  most  eminent  pupil  educated  by  John 
Britton,  the  architectural  antiquary,  travelled  extensively 
through  Europe,  Asia.  Africa,  and  America,  and  gave 
many  graphic  illustrations  of  the  results  of  his  investiga- 
tions. In  addition  to  nearly  one  thousand  miscellaneous 
plates  engraved  from  his  drawings  made  in  Switzerland, 
Scotland,  &c.,  he  pub,  the  following  volumes.  1.  American 
Scenery,  Lon.,  1840,  2  vols.  4to :  literary  department  by 
N.  P.  Willis.  2.  Beauties  of  the  Bosphorus.  1840.  4to : 
descriptions  by  Miss  Pardee.  3.  Scenery  and  Antiquities 
of  Ireland,  1842,  2  vols.  4to:  the  literary  portion  by  N.  P. 
Willis.  4.  Walks  in  and  about  Jerusalem,  1845,  r.  Svo; 
4th  ed.,  1852,  r.  Svo.  5.  Topography  of  Jerusalem,  1845. 
6.  Forty  Days  in  the  Desert  :  Cairo  to  Mount  Sinai, 
1848,  r.  Svo;  5th  ed.,  1853.  r.  Svo.  7.  The  Nile  Boat;  or, 
Glimpses  of  the  Land  of  Egypt,  1S49,  sup.  r,  Svo;  2d  ed., 
1852,  sup.  r.  Svo.  8.  Pictorial  Gleanings  on  the  Overland 
Route,  1S50,  r.  Svo;  2d  ed.,  1851,  r.  Svo.  9.  Scriptural 
Sites  aud  Scenes,  1851.  p.  Svo.  10.  Footsteps  of  our  Lord 
and  his  Apostles,  1851,  r.  Svo;  4th  ed.,  1856,  r.  Svo.  11. 
Pictures  from  Sicily,  1852,  r,  Svo.  12.  The  Pilgrim 
Fathers,  1853,  r.  Svo.  13.  Jerusalem  Revisited,  1854, 
r.  Svo,  See  A  Brief  Memoir  of  the  late  William  Henry 
Bartlett,  by  William  Beattie,  M.D.,  author  of  Switzerland 
Illustrated,  Ac,  [and  the  friend  and  fellow-traveller  of 
Mr.  Bartlett.]  1855.  sni.  4to,  jip.  52.  See  a  review  of  this 
volume  in  Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  Nov.  1855,  611.  and  a  bio- 
graphical notice  of  Mr.  Bartlett  in  the  same  periodical, 
Feb.  1855,  212.     See  also  Beattie,  William,  M.D. 

Bartlett,  Wm.  H.  C,  b.  1804.  Lancaster  co.,  Penna. 
Elementary  Treatise  on  Optics,  1839,  Svo.  Treatise  on 
Synthetic  Mechanics,  in  Elements  of  Nat.  Phil.;  2d  cd., 
1851.  Analytical  Mechanics:  2d  cd.,  1854,  Treatise  on 
Acoustics  and  Optics,  1852,  Svo.  Treatise  on  Sjibcrical 
Astronomy,  1855,  Svo.  Contrib.  Silliman's  Journal.  Phi- 
losophical Society  of  Phila.,  Ac. 

Bartley,  Neh,  Conversion  of  Pasture  Lands  into 
Tillage,  Ac,  Lon.,  1802,  Svo.  Letters  on  Clothing  Wool, 
1802,  Svo. 

135 


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BAR 


Hartley,  O.  W,  Vaccination,  Bristol,  1810.  A 
Treatise  un  Fitrensic  Medicine,  Bristol,  1815. 

Bartol,  Cyrus  Augustus,  b.  181M.  Freeport,  Maine; 
grud.  Bowduiu  Coll.,  18;i2  ;  at  Harvard  Divinity  School, 
1835.  1.  Scrmnns  on  the  Christian  Spirit  and  Life,  12mo. 
2.  Sermons  on  the  Christian  Body  and  Form,  12mo.  3. 
Pictures  of  Europe,  12mo:  see  Lon.  Athenceiim,  No.  1478, 
Jan.  19,  1856.  4.  West  Church  and  its  Ministers.  5. 
Church  and  Congregations:  a  Plea  for  their  Unity,  185S: 
see  N.  A.  Rev..  July,  1858.  6.  Grains  of  Gold  :  a  Selection 
from  his  writings.  Contrib.  to  Chris.  Exam.,  N.  A.  Rev.,  &c. 

Barton.     Italian  Gr:immar,  Lon..  1719. 

Barton,  Benjamin  Smith,  M.D.,  1766-1815,  an 
eminent  physician,  bntanist,  and  philologist,  was  the  son 
of  the  Rev.  Thomas  Barton,  an  Episcopal  minister,  anative 
of  Ireland,  who  emigrated  to  America  and  in  1753  married 
at  Philadelphia  a  sister  of  Mr.  David  Rittcnhouse.  The 
subjectof  our  memoir  was  born  at  Lancaster,  Pennsylvania. 
He  pursued  his  studies  for  some  years  in  New  Yurk  and 
Philadelphia;  and  in  1786  went  to  Edinburgh,  where  for 
about  two  years  he  enjoyed  the  great  advantage  of  hear- 
ing the  lectures  of  Professors  Walker,  Gregory,  Black,  and 
Home.  He  obtained  his  medical  degree  at  Gottingen.  In 
1789  he  returned  to  Philadelphia,  and  in  the  same  year 
was  appointed  professor  of  Natural  History  and  Botany 
in  the  College  of  Pliiladelphia.  and  continued  to  occupy 
the  chair,  when,  in  1791.  the  college  was  incorporated  with 
the  University  of  Pennsylvania.  He  continued  his  con- 
nection with  this  institution  until  his  death  in  1815.  In 
1795  he  succeeded  Dr.  Griffith  in  the  chair  of  Materia 
Medica;  and  upon  the  death  of  Dr.  Rush  in  1813,  he  was 
appointed  his  successor  in  the  chair  of  the  practice  of 
Physic,  which  he  held  in  conjunction  with  that  of  Botany 
and  Natural  History,  during  his  life.  In  1809  he  was 
elected  President  of  the  Pbila.  Medical  Society.  In  1797 
he  married  a  daughter  of  Edwanl  Penington,  Esq.,  an 
eminent  citizen  of  Philadelphia,  by  whom  lie  had  one  son 
and  a  daughter. 

Edward  Penington  was  a  descendant  of  the  celebrated 
Isaac  Penington  of  London,  whose  father  wn?  lord  mayor 
in  1642.  (See  Penington,  Isaac,  in  this  volume.)  His 
family  at  the  present  day,  (1854,)  after  the  lapse  of  two 
centuries,  is  one  of  the  first  in  America.  From  John  Pen- 
ington, Esi|,,  of  Philadelphia,  (grandson  to  the  father-in- 
law  of  Dr.  Barton,)  well  known  for  his  erudition  and  lite- 
rary taste,  we  learn  that  the  subject  of  our  memoir  was 
taught  to  draw  by  Major  Amlre,  at  the  time  a  prisoner 
of  war  in  Lancaster.     See  Penington,  John. 

Dr.  Barton  united  untiring  industry  with  great  natural 
talents,  a  warm  zeal  in  scientific  investigation,  and  un- 
common attainments  in  many  branches  of  knowledge. 
At  the  age  of  16.  Barton  coni])Osed  an  Essay  on  the  Vices 
of  the  Times.  Thus  early  did  he  assume  the  position  of 
a  teacher ! 

Obr^ervations  on  some  parts  of  Natural  History,  to  which 
is  prefixed  an  account  of  several  remarkable  vestiges  of 
an  ancient  date,  which  hare  been  discovered  in  different 
parts  of  North  America.  Part  I.,  Lon.,  1787,  8vo,  Dilly. 
This  was  pub.,  it  will  be  noticed,  whilst  the  author  was 
resident  in  London.  It  was  not  continued.  It  relates  to  an- 
tiquities, giving  an  account  of  the  Indian  ruins  in  the  Mus- 
kingum, with  some  remarks  on  the  first  peopling  of  America. 
"  A  prefixed  advertisement  to  this  work  informs  us  that  it  is  the 
production  of  a  very  youn.s  man.  written  chiefly  as  a  recreation 
from  the  laborious  studies  of  medicine.  It  is.  however,  a  curious 
tract;  we  have  here  only  the  first  part:  the  other  three,  which 
will  complete  the  work,  are  to  be  published  in  a  few  months." — 
Lon.  Miinthly  Rn^iew. 

Papers  relative  to  certain  American  Antiquities,  Phil., 
1796,  4to.  Collections  for  an  Essay  towards  a  Materia 
Medica  of  the  United  States,  Phila.,  1708,  8vo.  Frag- 
ments of  the  Natural  History  of  Pennsylvania,  Part  I, 
Phila.,  1800,  fol.  Memoir  concerning  the  Fascinating 
Faculty  ascribed  to  the  Rattle  Snake,  Pliila.,  1796,  8vo. 
Printed  only  for  private  distribution.  Sujiplement  to  ditto. 
Some  account  of  the  Siren  Lacertina.  and  other  species  of 
the  same  genus  of  Amphibious  Animals  :  in  a  letter  to  Mr. 
J.  G.  Schneider  of  Saxony.  50  copies  printed  in  1808. 
Keprintcd  1821.  Elements  of  Botany.  Phila.,  ISm  ;  Lon., 
1804,  R.  Svo.  Contributions  to  Trans.  Amer.  Phil.  Soc, 
1793-99;  to  Nic.  Jour.,  1805-12.  In  1805  he  commenced 
the  Med.  and  Physical  Journal,  to  which  he  contributed 
many  articles  of  value.  For  further  information  respect- 
ing Dr.  B.'irton  and  his  works,  see  Bing.  Sketch  by  his 
nephew,  W.  P.  C.  Barton.  M.D.,  etc.;  Rose's  Biog.  Diet., 
and    Thitcher's  Med.  Biog. 

Barton,  Bernard,  1784-1849,  often  called  The 
QuAKKii  Poet,  was  born  in  the  vicinitv  of  London,  In 
136 


1810"  he  obtained  a  clerkship  in  the  Messrs.  Alexander's 
bajik  at  Woodbridge,  which  situation  he  held  for  the  rest 
of  his  life.  At  one  time  he  thought  of  resigning  his  post 
and  devoting  himself  entirely  to  literature  j  but  his  friend 
Charles  Lamb  interposed  a  timely  remonstrance. 

Mr.  Barton's  first  volume  of  poems  was  pub.  in  1811. 
He  wrote  much, — his  poems  filling  eight  or  nine  volumes. 
His  Household  Verses,  a  collection  of  his  fugitive  pieces, 
pub.  in  1845,  "contain  more  of  his  personal  feelings  than 
perhaps  any  previous  work  of  his  pen."  Mr.  Barton  was 
remarkable  for  great  amiability  of  manners,  extensive  in- 
formation, and  a  refined  taste  in  the  arts.  Of  tho  English 
drama  his  knowledge,  as  may  be  supposed,  was  limited: 

'■  I  am  amu?ed  with  your  knowledfre  of  our  drama  being  con- 
fined to  ShakspH-are  and  Miss  Baillie.  What  a  world  of  fine  terri- 
tory Ijftween  Land's  End  and  Johnny  Groat's  have  you  missed 
traversinfr !  I  could  almost  envy  you  to  have  so  much  to  read.  .  . 
Oh,  to  forget  Fieldinpr.  Steele,  ic,  and  read  'em  new  J" — Charks 
Lamb  to  B.  B.,  Dec.  1822. 

Lord  Byron  thought  highly  of  Barton's  poetical  talents, 
but  did  not  hesitate  to  proffer  the  same  advice  which  Lamb 
had  given : 

"  I  think  more  hitihly  of  your  poetical  talents  than  it  would 
perhaps  gratify  you  to  have  expressed:  for  I  believe,  from  what  I 
obst-rve  of  your  mind,  that  you  are  above  flattery.  To  come 
to  the  point,  you  deserve  success;  but  we  knew  before  Addison 
wrote  his  Cato,  that  desert  does  not  always  command  it.  But  sup- 
pose it  attained. 

*  You  know  what  ills  the  author's  life  assail. 
Toil.  envy,  want,  tht  patron,  and  the  jail.' 
Do  not  renounce  writing,  h^d  never  (rusi  entirely  to  authorship" — 
Byron  tr>  Barton.  June.  1S12. 

"I  have  read  your  poems  with  much  pleasure,  those  with  most 
which  speak  most  of  your  own  feelings." — It.  Southey  to  Barton, 
Dec.  1S14. 

In  1820  Mr.  Barton  requested  Southey's  opinion  whether 
the  Society  of  Friends  were  likely  to  be  offended  at  his 
publishing  a  vi.dume  of  poems.  AVe  give  a  short  extract 
from  Southey's  reply  : 

*•  I  know  one.  a  man  deservedly  respected  by  all  who  know  him, 
(Charles  Lloyd  the  elder,  of  Hirmingham.)  who  has  amused  his  old 
age  by  translating  Horace  and  Homer.  He  is  looked  up  to  in  the 
society,  and  would  not  have  printed  these  translations  if  he  had 
thought  it  likely  to  give  ofi'ence.  Judging,  however,  from  the 
spirit  of  the  age.  as  affecting  your  society,  like  every  thing  else,  I 
should  think  they  would  be  gratified  by  the  appearance  of  a  poet 
among  them  who  confines  himself  within  the  limits  of  their  gene- 
ral principles.  .  .  .  They  will  not  like  vh-tuous  feeling  and  reli- 
gious principle  the  worse  for  being  conveyed  in  good  verse.  If 
poetry  in  itself  were  unlawful,  the  Bible  must  be  a  prohibited 
book."  (See  an  amusing  letter  of  Barton's  to  Southey,  respect- 
ing the  fitness  of  the  latter  to  be  the  biographer  of  George  Fox.) 

The  volume  appeared,  and  was  highly  commended  : 

'■The  staple  of  the  whole  poem  is  description  and  meditation, — 
description  of  quiet  home  scener_v,  sweetly  and  feelingly  wrought 
out;  and  meditation,  overshadowed  with  tenderness,  and  exalted 
by  devotion, — but  all  terminating  in  soothing,  and  even  cheerful, 
views  of  the  condition  and  prospects  of  mortality." — EdiTu  Rev. 

Wilson  reviews  Barton  in  vol.  xii.  of  Blackwood : 

"  He  possesses  much  sensibility,  and  his  mind  has  a  strong  tinge 
of  poetry.  Everv  now  and  then  he  surprises  us  with  glimpses  of 
something  infinitely  better  than  the  general  tone  of  his  concep- 
I  tions." 

"If  we  cannot  compliment  Mr.  Barton  on  being  naturally  a 
'  great  poet,  he  possesses  feeling,  has  long  studied  his  art.  and  has 
I  attained  to  a  point  of  merit  which  we  did  not  anticipate." — Lon. 
Mfmthhj  iefri>ic.lS20. 

"  There  is  in  Barton's  pooms  a  higher  beauty  than  the  beauty 
of  ingenuity,  and  something  of  more  worth  than  the  exquisiteness 
of  workmanship.  His  works  are  full  of  passages  of  natural  ten- 
derness, and  his  religious  poems,  though  animated  with  a  warmth 
of  devotion,  are  still  expressed  with  that  subdued  propriety  of 
language,  which  evinces  at  once  a  correctness  of  taste  and  feeling."' 
— L(m.  Gent.  Afof/. 

"  A  man  of  a  fine  and  cultivated,  rather  than  of  a  bold  and  ori- 
ginal, mind." — Lord  ,1effhev. 

The  Widow's  Tale,  and  other  Poems. 

''We  should  always  rejoice  to  see  this  volume  on  any  table." — 
Lou.  Literary  G'tzrfte.  March.  1S27. 

"This  interesting  little  volume  contains  some  of  the  sweetest 
poetry  ^Jr.  Barton  hasever  written." — Lon.  Lit.  Maffnet,  .-Vpril,  1827 

Devotional  Verses. 

"  Mr.  Barton's  style  is  well  suited  to  devotional  poetry.  It  has 
great  sweetness  and  pathos,  accompanied  with  no  small  degree  of 
power,  which  well  qualify  it  for  the  expression  of  the  higher  and 
purer  feelings  of  the  heart."— Z«7j.  iVew  M>mVily  Mug..  March,  1826. 

Mr.  Barton  was  a  brother  to  Maria  Hack,  the  authoress 
of  a  number  of  juvenile  works  of  great  merit,  and  his 
daughter,  Miss  Lucy  Barton,  has  devoted  her  talents  to 
the  composition  of  scriptural  works,  principally  intended 
for  the  young. 

Barton,  Charles,  of  the  Middle  Temple.  Profess, 
works,  1704-1811.  Mr.  Barton  has  been  highly  commended 
as  a  legal  writer.  Modern  Precedents  in  Conveyancing,  7 
vols.,  Lon.,  1S21,  Svo. 

"Mr.  B.arton.  in  various  parts  of  these  Precedents,  has  intro- 
diircd  dissertations  on  the  nature  and  use  of  the  different  specb-s 
of  assurances  contained  in  the  collection.    These  essays  are  ably 


BAR 

■written. and  contain  very  full  referenfes  to  authorities  on  the  sub- 
jects of  which  they  treat." — Man-in's  I^ijal  BibL 
Historical  Treatise  of  a  suit  iu  Equity. 
"  I  feel  it  my  duty  to  advise  the  student  to  use  considerable  cau- 
tion in  perusilif:  this  essay,  as  it  may  (and  probably  does)  contaiu 
many  more  inaccuracies  than  the  author  is  at  all  aware  of" — 
Author's  Preface. 

'■  A  useful  historical  treatise,  admirable  for  its  clear  and  judicious 
ftrrangement." — Blake. 

Barton,  Charles,     Sermons,  1800-03. 
liartoii,  Cutts.     Sermons,  1754-58. 
Barton,  l>avid.     Sermon,  1670. 
Barton,  Edward.      Description  of  the  Antiquities 
ami  other  Curinsitics  of  Rome,  Lnn,,  1822. 
Barton,  Henry.     Sermon,  1702. 
Barton,  James.     Honorina,  a  Novel,  1804,  2  vols. 
Barton,  John.     Agricultural  Labour,  Lon.,  1820. 
Barton,  John,   supposed  to  have  been  Chancellor  of  j 
the  University  uf  Oxford  in  the  15th  century,  wrote  a  treatise 
against  Wicliffe;  Symbolum  Fidei  CatUolica;. — Tanxkr. 
Barton,  Lncv.     See  Barton,  Bernaud. 
Barton,  Philip,  of  Christ  Ch.,  Oxf.     Sermons,  1735, 
'40.  '50. 

Barton,  Philip,  of  Portsea,     Sermons,  1754-55. 
Barton,  Philip,  of  Buriton,  Hants.    Consecration  of 
Bp.  Lowth,  a.  scrin>in,  1  Tim.  iii.  7,  1706. 

Barton,  Richard.  Divine  Analogy,  Lon.,  1737-38. 
Dialogue  respecting  Ireland,  Dubl.,  1751,  4to.  Lectures 
on  Natural  Philosophy,  Dubl.,  1751,  4to. 

"  In  the  second,  which  be  calls  the  popuLir  Klementary  Lecture. 
he  enumerates  and  proves  the  projieitiv-s  of  the  four  elements, 
principally  from  the  most  obvious  api>earanoes ;  treating  the  i>ul> 
ject  in  a  p-'pular  manner,  and  using  t-Uort  and  easy  demonstra- 
tion.*'— L-.}i.  M"7}thl'/  iiVriCH',  1751. 

Remarks  respecting  Lough  Lene,  Dubl.,  1751,  4to. 
Barton,  Sam!.     Sermons,  1689,  '90,  '92,  'aC,  '97,  '98, 
1701-05. 

Barton,  Thomas.  A  Counter-Scarfe  against  those 
thatCniidemn  all  External  Bowing  at  the  Name  of  Jesus; 
with  a  Defence  of  it  against  Masive  Giles.  Lon..  1643,  4to. 
Barton,  Thomas,  1730-1780.  an  Episcopal  minister, 
a  native  of  Ireland,  received  bis  education  at  the  University 
of  Dublin.  In  1753  he  married  at  Phihidelphia  the  sister 
of  Dr.  David  Rittenhouse.  To  this  eminent  philosopher, 
his  talents  and  extensive  acquirements  enabled  him  to 
render  invaluable  assistance.  He  officiated  in  Reading 
Township,  York  County,  Pennsylvnnin,  as  a  missionary  of 
a  society  in  England  from  1755  to  1759.  He  was  a  chap- 
lain in  the  expedition  against  Fort  Du  Quesne  in  1758. 
His  acquaintance  with  Washington,  Mercer,  and  other  dis- 
tinguished officers  of  the  Revolution,  jiro^ed  no  bar  to  his 
continued  adherence  to  the  royal  government.  Refusing 
to  take  an  oath  required  of  him,  he  removed  in  1778  to 
New  York,  where  he  died,  May  25,  1780.  His  eldest  son, 
Wm.  Barton  of  Lancaster,  wrote  the  memoirs  of  Ritten- 
house; ProfcFPor  Benj.  Smith  Barton.  M.D.,  was  another 
of  his  eight  children.  His  widow  continued  to  reside  with 
her  nephew,  the  excellent  Samuel  Bard,  M.D.,  (see  ante,) 
until  her  death  in  1821.  Dr.  Barton  published  a  Sermon 
on  Braddock's  Defeat,  1755. — Mfmoir  of  liittenhouse  / 
Thachei-'fi  Medical  Biog. ;  AUenn  Aincr.  Ifict. 
Barton,  William.  Decimal  Arithmetic,  Lon.,  1634. 
Barton,  William.  View  of  many  Errors  and  some 
gross  Absurdities  in  the  old  translation  of  the  Psalms  in 
English  Metre,  as  also  in  some  other  Translations  lately 
published,  Lon.,  1655,  4to.  A  Century  of  Select  Hymns, 
Lon.,  1659,  12mo.  Two  Centuries  of  Hymns  and  Spiritual 
Songs.  Lon.,  1070,  8vo.  A  Catalogue  of  Virtuous  Women 
recorded  in  tiie  Old  and  New  Test.,  in  verse,  Lon.,  1671.  Svo. 
Barton,  William.  Observations  on  the  Probabilities 
of  the  Duration  of  Hum.an  Life,  and  the  Progress  of  Popu- 
lation in  the  United  States  of  America.  Trans.  Amer. 
Philos.  Soc.  iii.  25.  1793. 

Barton,  William  P.  C.,M.D..  nephew  to  Benj.  Smith 
Barton,  M.D.,  and  his  successor  as  Professor  of  Botany  in 
the  University  of  Pennsylvania. 

Florte  Philadelphicoe  Prodromus.Phila.,  1815, 4to,  pp.  96. 
Vegetable  Materia  Mediea  of  the  United  States,  or  Medical 
Botany,  containing  a  botanical,  general,  and  medical  his- 
tory of  the  medicinal  plants  indigenous  to  the  United  States. 
Illustrated  by  coloured  engravings,  Phil.a.,  2  vols.,  50  plates. 
The  early  portions  of  this  work  were  pub.  in  1817,  but  it 
was  not  completed  until  1825;  London,  1821,  4to,  2  vols., 
£6  6^*.  pub.  by  Hirst. 

"The  di-awings  and  colouriuK  of  the  plates  have  been  made  by 
the  author's  own  hand;  hehasbeen  three  years  collectinfr  materials 
for  this  work ;  ha.*;  delivered  three  courses  of  lectures  to  students 
concernin'c  the  plants  to  be  described :  and  he  announced  to  his 
class  his  intention  to  publish  this  work  in  May,  1816." — N.  Amtir. 
Jieview,  vol.  vi.  351;  Author's  Prefitce. 


BAR 

"  From  a  close  attention  t«  onr  Materia  Mediea.  and  from  son>e 
experiments  he  lias  recently  made,  he  is  convinced  that  not  a  few 
of  om-  indi'^renons  plants  are  sufficiently  important  to  he  introduced 
into  the  daily  practice  of  the  physician." — Author's  Preface,  p.  13. 

Compendium  Florte  PhilaJelphicsc.  Containing  a  de- 
scription of  the  Indigenous  and  Naturalized  Plants  found 
ivithin  a  circuit  of  ten  miles  around  Philadelphia,  12rao, 
2  vols.,  Phila.,  181S. 

''  The  Comp^-ndium.  containing  only  hrief  descriptions  of  plants, 
with  occasional  popular  observations,  as  it  is  the  most  unassuming, 
so  we  think  it  the  most  meritorious,  among  the  botanical  works  of 
Dr.  Barton.  ...  Dr.  Barton  has  pulilished  books  on  the  subject  of 
our  botany  of  greater  pretension  than  almost  any  other  living  au- 
thor."—A*.  Amcr.  Bcrmc,  vol.  xiii.  119-iO. 

Flora  of  North  America,  illustrated  by  coloured  Figures, 
drawn  from  Nature,  3  vols.  4to,  Phila.,  1821-23,  pub.  in 
numbers.  Compendium  Florw  Philadelphicse,  181S,  2  vols. 
12mo,  Phil.a. 

Materia  Mediea  and  Botany,  2  vols.  12mo,  Phila.  Medi- 
cal Botany,  2  vols.  Svo.  Hints  to  Naval  Officers  cruising 
in  the  West  Indies,  1830,  ISmo.  Phila.  Plan  for  Marine 
Hospitals  in  the  United  States,  1817,  Svo. 

IJartram.      Trial  of  Nightingale,  1809;    of  Lt.  Col. 

Joiiiiston.  isn. 

ISai'tram,  Isaac.  Distillation  of  Persimmons. 
Bartram,  John,  1701-1777,  an  eminent  botanist,  was 
born  at  Marple,  Delaware  Co.,  Pennsylvania.  He  took 
great  pleasure  in  the  care  i>f  a  botanical  garden,  laid  out 
and  planted  by  himself,  on  the  west  bank  of  the  .Schuyl- 
kill, four  miles  below  Philadelphia.  He  became  so  famous 
for  his  proficiency  in  his  favourite  pursuit,  that  Linnseus 
pronounced  him  "  the  greatest  natural  botanist  in  the 
world."  Sir  Hans  Sloane,  Mr.  Catcsby,  Dr.  Hill,  Peter 
CoUinson,  and  other  friends  of  *ience,  furnished  Bartram 
with  books  and  apparatus,  stimulated  his  zeal  by  their 
sympathy,  and  aided  his  labours  by  active  co-operation. 
* "  Be  so  kind  as  to  give  him  [Bartram]  a  little  entertainment  and 
recommendation  to  a  friend  or  two  of  yours  in  the  country,  for 
he  does  not  value  riding  50  or  100  miles  to  see  a  new  plant." — 
r<-t^r  Chllinson  to  Col.  CustiSj  of  Virginia^  1737. 

He  received  the  appointment  of  American  Botanist  to 
George  III.,  which  office  he  held  until  his  death  in  Scp- 
temVter,  1777.  Observations  on  tlie  Inhabitants,  Climate, 
Soil.  Divers  Productions,  Animals,  Ac,  made  in  his  tra- 
vels from  Pennsylvania  to  Onondaga,  Oswego,  and  the 
Lake  Ontario,  Ac,  Svo,  p.  04,  and  plan.  Lon.,  1751.  An 
Account  of  East  Florida,  [by  William  Stork,]  with  a  jour- 
nal kept  by  John  Bartram  of  Philadelphia,  upon  a  journey 
from  St.  Augustine's  up  the  river  St.  John's,  Svo,  pp.  90 
and  70,  Lon.,  1766 ;  3d  ed.  much  enlarged,  4to,  Lon.,  1769. 
Mr.  Bartram  also  contributed  several  papers  to  the  Phil. 
Trans.,  1740,  '44,  '50,  '62.  '63.  See  an  interesting  volume 
entitled  Jlemorials  of  ,lohn  Bartram  and  Humphrey  Mar- 
shall, Phila.,  1849,  by  William  Darlington,  M.D.,  of  West 
Chester,  Pennsylvania;  also  a  sketch  of  the  life  of  Peter 
Collinson,  by  Wm.  H.  Dillingham  of  Phila.,  Phila.,  1851. 
Bartram,  Moses.  Observations  on  the  Native  Silk 
Worms  of  North  America,  Amer.  Trans.  17S9. 

Bartram,  William,  1739-1823,  son   of  John   Bar- 
tram.  [iiiil'\)   inherited  the  botanical   zeal  of  his  father. 
In   1773,  at  the  request  of  Dr.  Fothergill,   he  travelled 
through  several  of  the  Southern  States,  &c.  in  order  to  ex- 
amine the  natural  productions  of  the  country.     These  in- 
I  vestigations  occupied  him  for  five  years.     His  c<dlectiou.s 
j  and  drawings  were  forwarded  to  Dr.  Fothergill.     The  fruits 
of  this  enterprise  were  given  to  the  world  in  1791  :  Tra- 
vels through  N.  and  S.  Carolina,  Georgia,  E.  and  W.  Flo- 
rida, the  Cherokee  Country,  the  extensive  Territories  of 
i  the  Muscogules  or  Creek  Confederacy,  and  the  country  of 
I  the  Choctaws  ;  containing  an  Account  of  the  Soil  and  Na- 
tural Productions  of  those  Regions,  together  with   Obser- 
vations on  the  Manners  of  the  Indians.     Embellished  with 
copper-plates,  Svo,  map  and  16  plates,  Phila.,  1791;  pub. 
in  Lon.,  in  1792,  and  again  in  1794,     In  the  English  edi- 
tion only  8  of  the  16  plates,  principally   of  jjlants,  are 
given.     In  1799  it  was  trans,  into  French  by  P.  V.  Benoist, 
Piiris,  ISOl,  2  vols.  Svo. 

"  It  is  a  delij^htful  specimen,  of  the  enthusiasm  with  which  the 
lover  of  nature,  and  particularly  the  botanist,  surveys  the  beauti- 
ful and  wonderful  productions  which  are  scattered  over  the  fece 
of  the  earth." 

Mr.  Bartram  contributed  to  Nic.  Jour.,  1805,  Anecdotes 
of  an  American  Crow.     See  American  Farmer's  Letters. 

Bartn.  or  Bertie,  Robert,  Earl  of  Lindsay.     His 
Declaration  and  Justification,  wherein  he  declares  the  Jus- 
tice of  his  Majesty's  Cause  in  taking  Arms,  *tc.,  16f>4,  folio. 
Bariih,  Raphael.  Critica  Sacra  Examined,  1775,  Svo. 
Barville,  John.     Account  of  his   Conversion  from 
Popery  to  the  Church  of  England,  Lon.,  1710,  Svo. 


BAR 


BAS 


Barwcll,  Mrs.     Juvenile  and  other  works. 

Barwell,  Richard,  Demonstrator  of  Anatomy  at 
St.  Thomas's  Hospital.  Asiatic  Cholera;  its  Sj'mptoms, 
Pathology,  and  Treatment,  Lou.,  post  8vo. 

"  The  chapter  on  the  Morbid  Anatomy  is  very  interesting.  The 
book  exhibits  considerable  ability." — Lou.  M'xlicnl  Times. 

"  Here  is  a  book  well  worthy  of  attention,  fur  Mr.  Harwell  writes 
from  the  bedside  of  the  numerous  cholera  patients  placed  under 
his  care  at  St.  Thomas's  Hospital." — Lnn.  Lancet. 

Barwick,  Edward.  A  Treatise  on  the  Church, 
chiefly  in  relation  to  its  Government,  in  which  the  divine 
right  of  Episcopacy  is  maintained,  the  supremacy  of  the 
Bishop  of  Rome  proved  to  be  contrary  to  the  Scriptures 
and  primitive  Fathers,  and  the  Reformed  Episcopal  Church 
in  England,  Ireland,  and  Scotland,  proved  to  be  a  sound 
and  orthodox  part  of  the  Catholic  Church.  Compiled  from 
the  most  eminent  divines,  Belfast,  1S13,  8vo;  2d  ed.,  en- 
larged and  improved,  Lon.,  1815,  8vo. 

"Contaiuinc  much  matter  in  a  short  compass." — Bickersteth. 

Barwick,  Henry.  An  Essay  on  Nature  ,■  a  Poem,  1807. 

Barwick,  Humphrey.  Manual  Weapons  of  Fire, 
Ac,  Lon..  1J90,  4to. 

Barwick,  John,  1612-1664,  Fellow  of  St.  John's  Col- 
lege, Cambridge,  was  a  zealous  adherent  to  Charles  I.,  and 
was  imprisoned  for  corresponding  with  Charles  II.  in  his 
exile.  This  monarch  at  the  Restoration  offered  him  the 
bishopric  of  Carlisle,  hut  this  he  declined,  accepting  the 
deanery  of  Deuham,  and  subsequently  the  deanery  of 
St.  Paul's.  He  pub.  a  Piece  against  the  Covenant,  Oxf,, 
1644.  Life  of  Thomas  Merton,  Bp.  of  Durham,  (tc,  Lon., 
1660,  4to.  Deceiver  Deceived,  1661,  4to.  His  brother, 
Peter  Barwick,  M.D.,  pub.  an  account  of  his  life  in  Latin, 
Lou.,  1721,  8vo;  trans,  into  English  in  1724.  Hilkiah 
Bedford  was  editor  of  both.  In  Thurloe's  State  Papers 
will  be  found  many  of  his  letters  to  Chancellor  Hyde. 
Some  of  these  epistles  were  intercepted,  and  although 
written  in  cipher,  were  understood,  whereat  the  Chancel- 
lor expresses  great  amazement: 

"  I  was  confident  that  the  Devil  himself  cannot  decypher  a  let- 
ter that  is  well  written,  or  find  that  100  stands  for  Sir  Harry  Vane. 
I  have  heard  of  many  of  the  pretenders  to  that  skill,  and  have 
spoken  with  some  oi  them,  but  have  found  them  all  to  be  Mounte- 
banks."— Ht/dtto  Btirwick. 

Barwick,  Peter,  M.D.,  1619-1705?  brother  to  the 
preceding,  and  physician  in  ordinary  to  King  Charles  II., 
composed  a  life  of  his  brother  John  (noticed  in  preceding 
article)  which  has  been  much  admired  fur  the  elegance  of 
its  Latinity.  He  wrote  a  Defence  of  Harvey's  Discovery 
of  the  Circulation  of  the  Blood,  which  was  considered  one 
of  the  best  pieces  of  the  controversy.  He  was  also  author 
of  a  treatise  appended  to  the  life  of  his  brother,  in  favour 
of  the  Eikon  Basilike,  (in  opposition  to  Dr.  Walker,)  and 
pub.  a  medical  work  under  the  title  of  Medicorum  Animos 
exagitant,  Londini,  1671,  4to, 

Barwis,  Jackson.  Dialogue  concerning  Liberty, 
1793,  4to. 

Barwis,  John.     Sermons,  1804-5,  4to. 

Bascom,  Henry  Bidleman,  b.  May  27,  1796, 
Hancock  co.,  N.Y".,  d.  Sept.  8,  1S50;  entered  the  itinerant 
ministry  in  the  Ohio  Conference,  1813;  was  ordained 
Bishop  of  the  M.E.  Church  South,  at  St.  Loui^,  in  May, 
1850  ;  was  distinguished  as  a  pulpit  orator.  Works,  4  vols. 
12mo :  vol.  i..  Sermons  from  the  Pulpit;  vol.  ii.,  Lectures 
on  Infidelity,  &c. ;  vol.  iii..  Lectures  aud  Essays  on  Moral 
and  Mental  Science,  &c.  j  vol.  iv.,  Sermons  and  Sketches, 
Nashville,  Teun.,  1856.  See  Life  of  Bp.  Bascom  by  Rev. 
M.  M.  Henkle,  D.D.,  12mo,  Nash.,  1857. 

Bascome,  E.,  Dr.  A  History  of  Epidemic  Pestilences 
from  the  Earliest  Ages,  Lon.,  1S51,  Svo. 

"This  book  will  be  found  useful  as  a  work  of  reference,  as  it 
contaius  a  notice  of  all  the  most  remarkable  pestilences  that  have 
occurred  from  1-495  years  before  the  biith  of  our  Saviour  to  1S48." 
—Lon.  A  then. 

Baseley,  J.      Sermons,  Lon.,  1801,  Svo. 

Baseley,  Thomas.   Scrms.,  Lon.,  1801.*05, '06,  *0S. 

Basier,  Basiere,  or  Basire,  Isaac,  1607-1676, 
was  b.  in  the  island  of  Jersey,  according  to  Wood;  but 
this  is  contradicted  by  a  writer  in  the  Biog.  Brit.  About 
1640  he  was  made  chaplaiu-in-ordiuary  to  King  Charles  I., 
and  three  years  afterwards  was  installed  into  the  seventh 
prebend  of  Durham.  In  1646  he  left  England  for  a  mis- 
sionary tour  among  the  Greeks,  Arabians,  &c.  Deo  et 
Ecclesia  Sacrum,  Ac,  Oxf.,  1046,  4to  ;  Diatriba  de  Antiqua 
EcelesiiB  Britannicte  Libertate.  Richard  Watson  fuund 
this  work  in  Lord  Hopton's  closet  after  his  decease.  He 
printed  it  at  Bruges  in  1658,  Svo,  and  translated  it  into 
English,  and  pub,  it  under  the  title  of  The  Ancient  Liberty 
of  the  Britannic  Church  and  the  Legitimate  Exemption 
thereof  from  the  Roman  Patriarchate,  discoursed  in  four 
138 


positiuiiS,  Lon.,  1661,  Svo.  Basire  was  the  author  of  several 
other  works.  See  Biog.  Brit,  j  Wood's  Fasti;  Hutchinson's 
Durham. 

Basing,  Basinge,  Basingtochius,  or  Basing- 
stoke de,  John,  d.  1252,  studied  first  at  Oxford,  then 
at  Paris,  aud  visited  Atliens  for  the  purpose  of  perfecting 
himself  in  the  Greek  language.  He  brought  with  him  to 
England  many  curious  Greek  MSS.,  and  Matthew  Paris 
gives  him  credit  for  introducing  the  Greek  numerals  into 
England.  Robert  Grosteste,  Bishop  of  Lincoln,  with 
whom  he  was  a  great  favourite,  preferred  him  to  the  arch- 
deaconry of  Lincoln,  as  he  had  been  before  to  that  of 
London.  He  translated  from  Greek  into  Latin  a  grammar 
which  he  styled  The  Donatus  of  the  Greeks.  He  also 
gave  to  the  world  A  Latin  Translation  of  a  Harmony  of 
the  Gospels.  A  Volume  of  Sermons.  Particulte  Senten- 
tiarum  per  distinetione,  or  a  commentary  upon  part  of 
Lombard's  Sentences. 

Basire,  John.     Letter  to  his  Son,  Lon.,  1670,  12mo. 

Basnett,  Mills.     Lay  and  Private  Patronage. 

Bass,  J.  H.  A  Greek  and  English  Manual  Lexicon 
to  the  New  Testament,  1829,  12mo. 

"  A  useful  miinual  for  youtli." — Bickerstetk. 

Bass,  William.  Sword  and  Buckler;  or,  Serving 
Man's  Defence,  Lon.,  1602,  4to.  In  six-lines  stanzas. 
Steovens's,  1767,  £1  19s. 

Bassantin,  James,  d.  1568,  an  eminent  Scotch 
astronomer.  1.  Astronomia,  &c.,  Latin  and  French,  Ge- 
neva, 1599,  fol.  2.  Paraphrase  de  I'Astrolabe,  Ac,  Lyons, 
1555  J  Paris,  1617,  Svo.  3.  Super  Mathematica  Geneth- 
liaca ;  i.  e.,  of  the  Calculation  of  Nativities.  4.  Arith- 
metica.  5.  Musica  secundum  Platonem.  6.  De  Jlathesi 
in  genere.  We  see  that  judicial  astrology  was  not  de- 
spised by  our  philosopher;  to  this  branch  of  his  studies 
Sir  James  Melvil  refers,  when  he  states  that  his  brother, 
Sir  Robert,  while  he  was  using  his  endeavours  to  reconcile 
the  two  Queens,  Elizabeth  aud  Mary,  met  with  one  Bas- 
santin,  a  man  learned  in  the  high  sciences,  who  told  him 
that  all  his  labour  would  be  in  vain. 

'•  For  they  will  never  meet  together;  and  next,  there  -wiU  never 
be  any  thing  but  dissembling  and  secret  hatred,  for  a  while;  and 
at  length,  captivity  and  utter  wreck  to  our  Queen  from  England. 
.  .  .  The  kingdom  of  England  at  length  shall  fall,  of  right,  to  the 
crown  of  Scotland;  but  it  shall  cost  many  bloody  battles:  and  the 
Spaniards  shall  be  helpers,  aud  take  a  part  to  themselves  for  their 
labour."^JI/cv/(Oirs. 

Basse,  J.  H.    Catechism  of  Health,  Lon.,  1794, 12mo, 

Basse,  William,  a  minor  poet,  temp.  James  I.,  wrote 
an  epitaph  (probably  the  first)  upon  the  Puette  Shakspeare; 
printed  in  1633  in  the  1st  edit,  of  Dr.  Donne's  poems. 
That  AVhich  Seems  Best  is  Worst,  has  been  ascribed  to  him, 
(Restituta,  vol.  i.  41.)  and  in  1651  he  contemplated  pub.  a 
volume  of  his  poems. 

"To  Mr.  \Vm.  Basse,  upon  the  intended  publication  of  his 
poems,  Jan.  13,  1651." 

A  Poem  by  Dean  Bathurst. —  Warton'e  Life  and  Remains 
of  Bathurst,  1761,  Svo. 

Basset,  J.     Sermon,  1734,  Bvo. 

Basset,  John.     Hermaeologium,  Lon.,  1695,  Svo. 

Basset,  John.  A  Pathway  to  Perfect  Sailing,  Lon., 
1664,  4to.  A  Nautical  Discourse  to  prove  the  Way  of  a 
Ship,  Lon.,  1644,  4to,  (an  appendix  to  Potter's  work.) 
He  was  one  of  the  disputants  in  Bond's  controversy  on 
the  longitude. 

Basset,  Joseph  D.  Letter  to  J.  B.  Chadwick, 
1S13,  Svo. 

Basset,  Joshua.  Ecclesii^  Theoria  Nova  Dodwel- 
liana  Exposita,  Lon.,  1713,  Svo. 

Basset,  Peter.  Acta  Regis  Henrici  V,  In  MS.  in 
the  College  of  Arms.  The  author  was  chamberlain  to 
Henry  V. 

Basset,  Thomas.  Catalogue  of  Common  aud  Sta- 
tute Law  Books  of  this  Realm,  Lon.,  1671,  Svo;  1694, 
12nio.     Enlarged,  1720.  Svo. 

Basset,  William.  Sermons,  1670,  '79,  '83,  '84,  4to. 
An  Answer  to  The  Brief  History  of  the  Unitarians,  called 
also  Sociuians,  Lon.,  1693,  Svo. 

Bassnett,  Thos.,  b.  ISOS,  in  Eng.  Mechanical 
Theory  of  Storms,  1S53. 

Bassol,  John,  d.  1347,  a  Scotch  philosopher,  studied 
divinity  under  Duns  Scotus  at  Oxford.  His  preceptor  had 
so  high  an  opinion  of  his  jiupil  that  he  used  to  say,  "  If 
John  Bassol  be  present,  I  have  a  sufficient  auditory."  In 
1304  he  accompanied  his  master  to  Paris.  Commentaria 
seu  Lecturae  in  quatuor  Libros  Scntentiarum,  Paris,  1517, 
fol. ;  a  work  in  such  high  reputation  as  to  procure  him 
from  his  brethren,  the  schoolmen,  the  title  of  •'  Doctor 
Ordinatissimus,"  in  allusion   to  his  method  and  pcrspi- 


BAS 


BAT 


cuity.     Miiccllauca  Philosophiea  et  Mcdica.  in  the  same 
vulume. 

Bastard,  Thomas,  d.  1618,  a  clergyman,  and  an 
epigrammatist  of  considerable  note  in  his  day,  was  made 
perpetual  Fellow  of  New  College,  Oxford,  in  1588, 

"  But  bfiufi  much  guilt)-  of  the  vi^es  biluii;:inj^  to  poets,  and 
given  to  llbfllin;;,  he  was  in  a  mannt-r  forrud  to  leavo  his  fellow- 
ship iu  1591."' — Wood. 

The  "libel"  which  gave  so  much  offence  was  "upon  all 
persons  of  note  in  Oxford  who  were  guilty  of  amorous  ex- 
ploits." It  was  entitled  An  Adinunition  to  the  city  of 
Oxford,  &c.  Bastard  disclaimed  the  authorship.  After 
his  expulsion  he  wrote,  Jenkiu,  why  man  ?  why  Jenkin  ? 
fie,  for  shamo!  Neither  of  these  were  printed.  He  pub. 
Chrestoleros ;  seven  bookes  of  Epigramcs,  Lim.,  1598, 12mo. 
—  See  Censura  Literaria,  vol.  iv.  Magna  Britannia,  a 
Latin  Poem,  in  three  books,  Lon.,  1605,  Jrto.  Five  Ser- 
mons, Lon.,  1015,  4to.  Twelve  Sermons,  Lon.,  1615,  4to. 
Bastard  was  thrice  married. 

"  He  was  a  piTSou  endowed  with  many  rare  gifts,  was  an  excel- 
lent Grecian,  Latinist,  and  poet,  and,  in  his  elder  years,  a  quaint 
preacher.  His  discourses  were  always  pleasant  and  facete.  whii'li 
made  his  i-u[ii]i;tiiy  d<-siri-d  liy  ;i]I  inji  nixi'-  uini.  He  was  a  most 
escelleiil  <pij]-:ii]iiii;ili.st.  and.  Ih'iiil:'  :i1  i\  ,i  \  -.  i  i  .uly  to  versify  upnn 
any  sul  jn't,  iliil  Irt  nnthiii:.;  UKitnial  IS,  ;i|K  hi'  llmry,  as  his  cLim- 
positious,  ramiiiig  through  several  hands  lu  .MS.,  shew." — Athen. 
0x0  n. 

Warton  speaks  of  him  as  an  elegant  classic  scholar,  and 
"better  qualitied  for  that  species  of  the  occasional  pointed 
Latin  epigram  established  by  his  fellow-collegian,  John 
Owen,  than  for  any  other  sort  of  English  versification." 
The  res  anyimta  domi,  however, — to  which  poets  are  so  pro- 
verbially subject — would  appear  to  have  sobered  his  wit: 
"  liut  now,  left  naked  of  prosperitie, 
Aud  subject  unto  bitter  iiijurie ; 
So  poor  of  sense,  so  bare  of  wit  I  am, 
Not  neede  herselte  can  drive  an  epigram." 

—Lib.  i.,  Epig.  2. 
We  extract  a  stanza  from  an  Epigram  in  honour  of  our 
author  by  no  less  a  person  than  Sir  John  Harrington: 

"To  Master  Basfcird,  a  minister,  that  made  a  pleasant  Book  of 
English  Epigrams: 

You  must  in  pulpit  treat  of  matters  seiious; 
As  it  beseems  the  person  and  the  place; 
There  preach  of  faith,  repentance,  hope,  and  grace; 
Of  sacraments,  and  such  high  things  mysterious: 
But  tliey  are  too  severe,  and  too  imperious. 
That  unto  honest  sports  will  grant  no  space. 
For  thesH  nur  minils  icfn'sh.  those  weary  us, 
And  spur  nuj'  dnulilril  sjiirit  to  swifter  pace." 
(From  the  umst  Kl.gant  ;ina  Witty  Epigrams  of  Sir  John  Har- 
rington, Knight,  di;,'ested  into  four  bookes,  Lou.,  1625,  sm.  Svo.) 

Bastard,  William.  On  the  Culture  of  Pine  Apples, 
Phil.  Trans.  Abr.,  1777. 

Bastou,  Ilobert,  d.  about  1315?  a  native  of  York- 
shire, was,  according  to  Bale,  poet  laureate  and  public 
orator  at  O.xford,  but  this  has  been  disputed.  He  became 
a  Carmelite  monk,  and  prior  of  that  order  in  Scarborough. 
Edward  I.  carried  him  with  him  in  his  expedition  against 
Scotland,  in  lliOl^,  that  he  might  be  an  ej'e-witness  of  and 
celebrate  his  victory.  But,  alas  for  human  expectations! 
Baston  was  made  prisoner,  and,  as  the  price  of  his  ransom, 
obliged  to  write  a  panegyric  on  Rolicrt  Bruce!  Baston 
wrote  principally  in  Latin,  and  it  is  doubtful  if  any  of  his 
English  compositions  are  now  in  existence.  The  rhyme 
Baston  is  so  called  from  our  author.  The  panegyric  men- 
tioned above  will  be  found  in  Fordun's  Scoti-Chronicon;  it 
was  pub.  O-Xon.,  1722.  He  also  wrote,  1.  De  Strivilniensi 
obsidione ;  of  the  Siege  of  Stirling,  a  poem  in  one  book. 
2.  De  Alteru  Scutorum  Bello,  in  one  book.  3.  De  Scotia? 
Guerris  variis,  in  one  bouk.  4.  De  variis  mundi  Statibus, 
in  one  book.  5.  De  Sacerdotum  luxuriis,  in  one  book. 
6.  Contra  Artistas,  in  one  book.  7.  De  Divite  et  Lazaro. 
8.  Epistolfe  ad  diversos,  in  one  book.  9.  Sermones  Syno- 
dales,  in  one  book.  10.  A  Book  of  Poems.  11.  A  volume 
of  tragedies  and  comedies  in  English,  the  existence  of 
which  is  doubtful.  See  Bale;  Pits;  Holingshed;  Leland; 
Saxii  Ouomasticon;  AVarton's  History  of  English  Poetry. 
Baston,  Saml.  Case  Vindicated. 1695.  Dialogue,  1697. 
Baston,  Thos.  Obs.  on  Trade  and  Public  Spirit,  1732. 
Basturtle,  A,  Trans.  The  CessyHs  of  Parlyamct,  etc. 
Bastwick,  John,  M.D.,  1593-1650?  was  distin- 
guished for  his  violent  opposition  to  the/nrc  dirlno  claim 
for  Episcopacy.  He  was  educated  at  Emanuel  College, 
Cambridge,  after  which  he  took  his  doctor's  degree  at 
Padua.  His  first  work,  Elenchus  Roligionis  Papistic*, 
in  quo  probatur  neque  EpistoHcam  neque  Catholicam,  imo 
neque  Romanam  esse,  was  pub.  at  Leyden,  in  1624.  In 
1635  he  pub.  in  England,  Flagellum  Pontificis  et  Episco- 
porum  Latialium.  For  this  publication  he  was  cited  be- 
fore the  High  Commission  Court;  by  which  he  was  sen- 
tenced to  a  tine  of  £1,000,  prohibited  from  practising  his 


profession  of  medicine,  his  Imok  to  lie  burnt,  himself  ex- 
communicated, to  pay  costs  of  suit,  and  be  imprisoned 
until  he  recanted.  Whilst  imprisoned,  he  wrote  Apologe- 
ticus  ad  Pra^sules  Anglicanos,  1636;  and  the  Letany  for 
the  especiall  Use  of  our  English  Prelates,  1637.  For  this 
new  attack,  Laud  had  an  information  exhibited  against 
him  in  the  Star  Chamber.  Wm.  Pryune  for  his  llistrio- 
Mastix,  and  Rev.  Dr.  Burton  for  publishing  two  seditious 
sermons,  were  also  brought  under  discipline.  The  three 
defendants,  to  the  disgrace  of  the  court,  were  sentenced 
to  lose  their  ears,  to  pay  a  fine  of  £5000  each,  and  to 
suffer  perpetual  imprisonment  I  This  barbarous  sentence 
was  executed.  When  the  Parliament  obtained  the  supre- 
macy, the  three  were  brought  back  to  London  in  great 
triumph,  and  an  order  passed  for  the  repayment  ot'  the 
tine  of  £5000  to  each  of  them.  It  is  said  that  tliey  never 
received  the  money.  Bastwick  afterwards  wrote  several 
pamphlets  against  the  Independents. 

Independency  not  God's  Ordinance,  Lon.,  1645.  De- 
fence of  himself  against  Lilburn,  1645.  Utter  Routing 
of  the  whole  Army  of  all  the  Independents  and  Sectaries, 
with  the  total  overthrow  of  their  Monarchy,  1646.  The 
Church  of  England  the  true  Church.  Puor  Bastwick 
fared  better  than  the  Patriarch  Job  in  his  hour  of  trial. 
The  wife  of  his  bosom  did  not  "  add  aifiiction  to  his  mise- 
ry;" but  when  Bastwick  mounted  the  scaffold,  he  was 
immediately  followed  by  his  wife,  who, 

-'  Like  a  loving  spouse,  saluted  each  ear  with  a  kiss.  a,ud  then  his 
mouth :  whose  tender  love,  boldness,  and  cheerfulness,  so  wrought 
upon  the  people's  affections,  that  they  gave  a  marvellous  great 
shi'ut  for  joy  to  behold  it." 

The  martyr  was  worthy  of  such  a  wife. 

"  So  far."  said  he,  "  am  1  from  base  fear,  or  caring  for  any  thing 
they  can  do,  or  cast  upon  me,  that  had  I  as  much  blood  as  would 
swell  the  Thames,  I  would  shed  it  every  drop  in  this  cause.  As  I 
said  before  [in  his  noble  speech  before  the  t;  tar-Cham  her]  so  I  say 
again,  had  I  as  many  lives  as  I  have  hairs  on  my  htad  or  drops 
of  blood  in  my  veins,  I  would  give  them  all  up  for  this  cause  I'' 

The  Letany  will  be  found  in  the  5th  vol.  of  the  Somers 
Collcctiun  of  Tracts;  and  an  interesting  review  of  it  in 
The  Retrospective  Review,   vol.  x, 

Batchelor,  Thos.  Village  Scenes,  1S04,  Svo.  Ana- 
lysis of  the  English  Language,  1809,  Svo.  Agricult.  of 
Bedfordshire,  1S06.  Svo.       See  Donaldson's  Agrict.  Biog. 

Batchilor,  John.     The  Virgin's  Pattern,  Lon.,  1661. 

Bate,  Edward.  The  Sjieculative  and  Practical 
Atheist.     Sermons  on  Rom.  i.  20.  21,  174S.  Svo. 

Bate,  George,  M.D..  160S-16G8,  had  the  remarkable 
fortune  of  being  physician  to  Charles  I.,  Cromwell,  and 
Charles  II.  He  is  quite  as  well  known  as  au  historian  as 
a  professor  of  the  healing  art.  He  studied  at  Oxfiud ;  suc- 
cessively at  New  College,  Queen's  College,  and  Edmund's 
Hall.  He  contributed  to  de  Rachitide,  pub.  Lou.,  1650, 
Svo.  After  his  death.  Shipton  pub.  Pharmacopana  Bate- 
ana,  Lon.,  1688.  Dr.  Wm.  Salmon  trans.  Ibis  work  into 
English  under  the  title  of  Bate's  Dispensatory;  it  was 
very  popular,  and  ran  through  many  editions.  His  prin- 
cipal work  is  an  Account  of  the  Rebellion,  with  a  Narra- 
tive of  the  Regal  and  Parliamentary  Privileges,  entitled, 
Elenchus  Motuum  nupcrorum  iu  Anglia  simul  ac  Juris 
Regis  et  Parliamentarii  brcvis  narratio.  Paris,  1649; 
Frauckfort,  1650,  4to.  It  was  revised  by  Dr.  Peter  Hey- 
lyn,  who 

'  ■■  Made  several  observations  on  it,  greatly  tending  to  the  honour 
of  the  king  and  church." 

Reprinted  with  additions  to  1660,  Lon.,  1661,  Svo;  with 
further  additions  to  166:5,  Svo;  and  with  a  third  part  by 
Dr.  Thomas  Skinner,  in  1676,  Svo.  The  whole  trans,  into 
English  by  Mr.  Lovel,  in  1685. 

"  A  work  worth  reading." — Uisuop  Warburton. 

It  was  answered  by  Robt.  Pugh.  Elenchus  Elcnchi, 
sivc  Animadversiones  in  Elenchum  M.  Anglite,  Paris, 
1664,  Svo.     Pugh  was  an  officer  in  the  king's  army. 

'•  To  which  Bate  made  a  reply,  but,  as  his  sou  had  told  me.  he 
did  not  publish  it,  onlv  put  it'iu  MS.  in  the  Cottonian  Library; 
and  upon  that  report  1  did  in  mv  Hist.  Antiq.  Xluh:  Oxou.  say  as 
much  in  the  life  of  Dr.  Bat^.  AVhereupon  Pugh.  having  had  notice 
of.  or  else  had  read  it.  he  made  a  search  after  it  in  the  said  Library 
(as  he  himself  hath  told  me  several  times)  but  eouUi  not  find  it, 
otherwise  he  would  have  made  a  rejoynder  " — Wood. 

Dr.  Bate  also  wrote  The  Royal  Apology  ;  or  the  Declara- 
tion of  the  Commons  in  Parliament,  Feb.  11,  1647-48,  4to. 

Bate^  George.  The  Lives,  Actions,  and  Execution 
of  the  prime  Actors  and  principal  Contrivers  of  that  horrid 
Murder  of  our  late  pious  and  sacred  Sovereign,  King 
Charles  I.,  Lon.,  1661. 

"  He  is  not  to  be  understood  to  be  the  same  with  the  doctor,  but 
anotlier  tar  inferior  to  him  in  all  respects;  on  etbat  run  with  the 
niutalile  times,  and  had,  after  his  majesty's  Restoration,  endea- 
voured, by  scribbling,  to  gain  the  favour  of  the  royalists."'—  WoOD. 

Bate,  Rev.  Ueury.     See  Dudley,  Sir  H.  B. 

139 


BAT 


BAT 


Bate,  James,  1703-1755,  elder  brother  of  JuUus 
IJatc,  w:i.s  admitted  a  pensioner  of  Corpus  Christi  Col- 
lege, Cambridge,  in  1720.  He  took  holy  orders,  and  at- 
tended the  Rt.  Hon.  Horace  Walpole  as  chaplain,  in  his 
embassy  to  Paris.  In  the  preface  to  the  second  edition  of 
his  Rationale,  «fec.,  1766,  he  laments  that 

"  It  was  his  hard  fate,  in  his  younRer  years,  to  serre  one  of  our 
ambassadors  as  bis  chaplain  at  a  foreign  court." 

His  principal  works  are.  Infidelity  scourged,  or  Christi- 
anity vindicated  against  Chubb,  Ac,  1746.  Svo.  An  Essay 
towards  a  Rationale  of  the  literal  doctrine  of  Original 
Sin,  &(\,  occasioned  by  some  of  Dr.  Middletnn's  writings, 
1752.  Svo.     He  also  pub.  several  sermons,  17M4-45. 

Bate,  John,  d.  1429,  a  learned  divine,  was  the  author 
of  a  number  ut'  works  in  grammar,  logic,  and  divinity. 
lie  studied  at  Oxford,  where  he  was  not^d  for  his  know- 
ledge of  the  Greek  tongue.  On  leaving  O.xford,  he  became 
president  of  the  house  of  the  Carmelite  friars  at  York.  Le- 
land.  Bale,  and  Pits  enumerate  14  treatises  by  this  author. 

Bate,  John.  Relation  of  the  Holland  Fleet,  &c., 
1626.  4to. 

Bate,  John.  Mvsteries  of  Nature  and  Art,  Lon., 
16.34,  4to. 

Bate,  Jnliiis,  b.  about  1711,  d.  about  1771,  a  divine 
of  the  llutchinsuniau  school,  pub.  a  number  of  theological 
works,  principally  in  defence  of  his  peculiar  system  of  in- 
terpretation. We  give  the  titles  of  snme  of  them.  An 
Essay  towards  explaining  the  third  chapter  of  Genesis, 
and  the  Spiritual  Sense  of  the  Law,  in  answer  to  Mr.  War- 
burton.  Lon..  1641,  Svo. 

"This  is  a  reply  to  Warburton's  third  proposition,  which  he  cer- 
tainly succf-ods  in  overturninj;:  but  there  is  too  much  refinemeut 
of  spiritualizing  in  his  exposition." — OaME. 

The  irascible  prelate  treated  the  champion  of  Hutchin- 
son witli  Itut  little  ceremony:  ''one  Bate,  ...  a  zany  to 
a  mountebank."  The  Philosophical  Principles  of  Moses, 
asserted  against  the  Misrepresentations  of  David  Jennings, 
1744,  Svo.  Remarks  upon  Mr.  Warburton's  Remarks, 
showing  that  the  Ancients  kne\v  there  was  a  Future  State, 
&c.,  174.'),  Svo.  An  Inquiry  into  the  Occasional  and  Stand- 
ing Similitudes  of  the  Lord  God,  in  the  Old  and  New  Tes- 
taments, 1756,  Svo. 

"This  mild  Hutchinsonian  is  very  ancrv  with  his  humble  ser- 
vants, the  Reviewers,  whom  he  calls!  nfidels  and  Scorpions;  but  as 
he  treats  the  worthy  Archdeacon  of  Northumberland  as  a  mere 
Jesuit,  p.i'j;e  7fi,  we  could  not  expect  better  woids  from  him."-— 
Monthli/  Bnnew,  1756,  See  Review  of  Reviews,  by  the  author  of 
this  Dictionary,  in  Putnam's  Jla^.,  vol.  i.  p.  264,  Mew  York,  18r)3. 

Critica  Hebraica,oraHebrew  English  Dictionary,  with- 
out points.  &c.,  the  whole  supplying  the  place  of'a  Com- 
mentary on  tlie  Words  and  more  difficult  Passages  in  the 
Sacred  Writings,  1767,  4to.  In  the  preface  Mr.  Bate 
warmly  attacks  the  *' hydra  of  pointing;"  he  eomraeuds 
the  courage  of  Capellus.  "who  ventured  to  encounter  this 
monst^ir,  and  vauriuished  it,  together  with  its  renowned 
advocate,  Bu.xtorf." 

Parkhurst  quotes  this  work  (and  the  Essay  on  the 
Similitudes)  with  approbation,  but  it  has  never  come  into 
general  use  as  a  Hebrew  Dictionary. 

"  His  work  will  doubtless  be  useful  accordint;  to  its  plan,  and  to 
the  principles  on  which  he  proceeds.  The  followers  of  I^Ir.  Hut- 
chinson's system  will  not  ftx'il  to  pronounce  it  a  OieffPauvre; 
while  thp  Rationalists  will  consi^'n  it  to  a  peaceful  place  on  the 
same  undusted  shelf  on  which  the  ^reat  Calasio  reposes,  undis- 
turbed, in  the  friendly  arms  of  the  Rev.  Mr.  Wm.  Romaine."' 

A  Nuw  and  Literal  Translation  from  the  Original  He- 
brew of  The  Pentateuch  of  Moses,  and  of  the  Historical 
Books  of  the  Old  and  New  Test.iment.  to  the  end  of  the 
Second  Book  of  Kings,  with  Notes.  Critical  and  Explana- 
tory, 1773.  4to.  This  work  was  the  principal  literary  oc- 
cupation of  its  author  for  a  great  p.art  of  his  life.  What  he 
compl.tod  of  the  Old  Testament  was  pub.  two  years  after 
his  death. 

"  As  a  translation,  it  greatly  fails  in  perspicuity,  smoothness, 
and  grammatical  accuracy.  Many  of  tho  rendeii'niis  are  really 
amusing.  The  Giants  of  Genesis.  Ti.  4,  are,  according  to  him, 
'apostates.'    The  window  of  the  ark.  chapter  vi.  xvi.,  was  to  be 

*  finished  in  an  arm  above.'     At  the  commencement  of  the  delude, 

*  the  air  cracks  were  opened.*  and  at  the  conclusion  of  it,  the  "air 
cracks  were  shut.'  The  notes  are  full  of  the  peculiarities  of  his 
system,  and  discover  no  correct  acrjuainfance  with  the  principles 
of  phil'iln^'v  or  enlij:ht€ned  criticism." — Orme. 

"BatH.  by  frivinfi:  the  Hebrew  idiom  too  literally,  has  rendered 
his  versian  neither  Hebrew  nor  Euj^Iish." — Lowndes. 

"  It  is  most  cei-tainly  a  new  translation,  and  so  very  literal  as 
to  be  really  uninteUi^ible  to  a  plain  English  reader."— J/onM/y 
Iicvii:w. 

Bnto,  R.  B.    On  the  Camera  Lucida,  Nic.  Jour.,  1809. 
Bate,  Randall.     Certitin  Observations.  1630.  Svo. 
Bate,  Thomas.     The  duty  of  frequenting  the  pub- 
iick  service  of  the  Church  of  Kngland,  wherein  the  beauty 


and  excellency  of  the  Book  of  Common  Prayer  aro  ex- 
plained to  the  meanest  capacities.  In  a  dialogue  between 
a  clergyman  and  his  parishioners,  pp.  42,  12mo,  Lon..  1734. 

Bate,  James,  Surgeon  in  IMaryland.  On  the  re- 
markable Alteration  of  Colour  in  a  Negro  Woman,  Phil. 
Trans.,  1759. 

Batecumbe,  or  Badecombe,  William,  an  emi- 
nent mathematician  of  Oxford,  flourished  about  the  com- 
mencement of  the  l.Tth  century.  1.  He  Sphainc  eoncavic 
fabriea  et  usu.  2.  De  Spha-rit  Solida.  3.  Be  Operatione 
Astrolabii.  4.  Conclusioues  Sophia;.  It  is  not  known  that 
either  of  his  works  was  printed. 

Bateman,  A.  M'.  Serm.  on  Rom.  i.  20,  21.  Cant.,  1746. 

Bateman,  Edmund.     Sermons,  1738,  '40,  '41,  '43. 

Bateman,  Jo>>ei>h.  I^Ietmpolitan  Turnpike  Act, 
'  12mo,  Lon.,  1S26.  The  Laws  of  Excise,  Svo,  Lun.,  1843. 
I  *-iMr  Bateman  has  collected  more  than  IMO  different  statutes, 
and  added  noti^s  of  decisions  illustrative  of  them.  Those  most 
I  competent  to  judge  of  its  value,  pronounce  it  a  convenient  and 
I  able  compilation,  in  which  the  writer's  aptitude  for  his  undertak- 
ing is  apparent,  and  one  that  is  worthy  of  his  former  reputation." 

The  General  Turnpike  Road  Act,  3  Geo.  IV.,  c.  126,  3d 
ed.  120,  Lon.,  1S36. 

*■  This  is  a  convenient  manual  of  the  Statutes  relatin;]:  to  Turn- 
pike Roads  in  Groat  Britain.  It  is  furnished  with  suitable  forms 
and  an  appendix  of  decisions  uprm  the  ^-tatutes.  and  contains 
other  useful  information  relative  to  the  construction  and  manage- 
ment of  roads." — Murvin's  Legal  Bibl. 

Mr.  Bateman  is  the  author  of  several  other  valuable 
legal  treatises. 

Bateman,  James.  OrchidacejE  of  Mexico  and 
Guatemala,  S  parts,  elephant  folio,  40  splendid  plates, 
Lon.,  1837-43;  pub.  nt  £16  16*. 

'■This  is  without  nuestion  the  greatest  botanical  work  of  the 

present  age.     Mr.  Bateman  has  got  it  up  perfectly  regardless  of 

expense,  and  would  be  a  considerable  loser  even  had  the  edition 

j  been  published  at  douMe  the  price.    Only  one  hundred  copies 

Were  printed,  which  were  all  sulscribed  for." 
I      Bateman,  Josiah.  Sermons  preached  in  India,  Lon., 
1S39,  12mn.     La  ^Martiuierc.  Ac,  Lon.,  1S39,  Svo. 

Bateman,  R.  T.     Serm.  on  Regeneration,  1747,  Svo. 

Bateman,  Stephen.     See  Batman. 

Bateman,  Thomas,  Chaplain  to  the  Duke  of  Gor- 
don, and  Vicnr  of  Walpole.  Lincoln.  A  Treatise  on  Tithe, 
Ac,  Lon.,  1778,  Svo.  Appendix.  1779.  New  ed.,  1  SOS,  Svo. 
Ecclesiastical  patronage  of  the  Church  of  England,  Lon., 
17S2,  Svo.  The  Royal  Ecele.  Gazetteer,  Lon.,  1781, 12mo. 
Sermons,  1778,  '80. 

Bateman,  Thomas,  I\LD.,  177S-1821,  was  born  at 
Whitby  in  Yorkshire.  He  enjoyed  the  great  advantage  of 
pursuing  his  medical  studios  under  the  eminent  Dr.  Willan, 
physician  to  the  public  dispensary  in  Carey  street.  AVhen 
Dr.  Willan 's  health  obliged  him,  in  1811,  todep.art  for  Ma- 
deira, Dr.  Bateman  succeeded  to  his  extensive  practice  in 
diseases  of  the  skin.  In  1813  he  pub.  A  Practical  Synopsis 
of  Cutanetms  Diseases,  according  to  the  arrangement  of 
Dr.  Willan,  exhibiting  a  Concise  View  of  the  Diagnostic 
Symptoms,  and  the  Method  of  Treatment,  Lon.,  Svo,  3d 
ed.,  1814 ;  8th  ed.,  1836.  Tiiis  work  was  trans,  into  French, 
German,  and  Italian.  The  Emperor  of  Russia  was  so 
much  pleased  with  this  work  that  ho  sent  the  author  a  ring 
of  100  guineas  value.  In  1815  the  doctor  pub.  Delineations 
of  Cutaneous  Diseases,  comprised  in  the  classification  of 
the  late  Dr.  AVillan.  including  the  grentcr  part  of  the  En- 
gravings of  that  Author,  in  an  improved  state,  and  com- 
pleting the  Series,  as  intended  to  have  been  tinished  by 
him,  Lon.,  4to.  1815-17;  12  fasciculi  pub.  at  £1  le.  each  ; 
again  Lon.,  1840. 

"Dr.  B.ateman's  valuable  work  has  done  more  to  extend  the 
knowledge  of  cutaneous  diseases  than  any  other  tliat  has  ever  ap- 
peared.'*— Dr.  .\.  T.  Thomson. 

••  We  consider  it  the  only  book  extant  that  contains  a  compre- 
hensive yet  explicit  account  and  scientific  arranjrenient  of  the  dis- 
eases of  the  skin.'' — Me/l.  and  Physicnl  Journal,  Nov..  1813. 

A  Succinct  Account  of  the  Contagions  Ft;ver  of  this 
Country,  &c.,  Lon.,  1818.  Con.  to  Mod.  Chir.  Trans.,  ISIO- 
14.  See  Some  Account  of  the  Life  and  Character  of  Dr. 
Bateman,  Lon..  182fi,  Svo. 

Bates.     Life  of  Henry  of  Whitechurch,  1712,  Svo. 

Bates,  David,  an  American  poet,  resident  of  Phila- 
delphia. The  ^olian,  a  collection  of  Poems,  Phila.,  1S48, 
12mo. 

Bates,  Elisha.  The  Doctrine  of  Friends,  or  Quakers, 
Providence.  1843,  12mo. 

Bates,  Ely,  Observations  on  some  important  points 
in  Divinity,  extracted  from  an  Author,  [Baxter.]  of  the 
last  century,  Lon..  1793,-  2d  ed.,  with  addit..  ISll,  Svo. 
Bickersteth  considers  this  as  a  "middle  course'*  between 
the  Armenians  and  the  Calvinista.  Christian  Politics, 
1802-06.  Svo. 
"  Useful.    lie  adopts  Baxter's  sentiments." — Bickersteth. 


BAT 


BAT 


Rural  Philosophy,  180.?,  8vo,:  2(1  e.l.,  ISO-i. 
Bates,  Geo.  J''erue.     Sermon,  181-4. 
Bates,  J.     Sermon.  1707,  8vo. 

Bates,  Joah,  1710-1799,  an  eminent  musical  corapo- 
POT.  a  FeUow  and  tutor  of  King's  College,  Cambridge.  lie 
was  the  author  of  the  celebrated  ode,  Llere  shall  sof'tcharity 
rej)!iir. 

Bates,  John*     Sermons,  1714. 

Bates,  ThoinaSc  Enchiridions  of  Fevers  incident  to 
Seaman.  Lun.,  1709,  Svo.     Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  17  IS. 

Bates,  Thomas.  Address  to  the  Bd.  of  AgricuUure, 
A.<!.,  on  improving  the  breed  of  Live  Slock,  Lon.,  ISOS,  Svo. 
Bates,  William,  D.D.,  1625-1699,  an  eminent  Puri- 
tan divine,  studied  in  Emanuel  College,  and  King's  Col- 
lege, Cambridge.  On  the  passing  of  the  Act  of  Uniformity 
in  lfi62,  he  retired  from  the  Church.  He  pub.  a  number 
of  theological  treatises,  1003-99.  These  were  collected 
and  pub.  in  a  folio  vol.  in  the  ycnr  after  his  decease,  and  , 
again  in  1723.  His  principal  works  were,  The  Harnmny  ' 
of  the  Divine  Attributes  in  the  Redemption  of  Man,  1097.  , 

"  Bates  on  the  Attributes  is  too  much  confined  to  one,  to  answer 
tlie  purposes  of  a  practical  familiar  treatise." — Bkkeksteth. 
Spiritual  Reflection  UnfuMed  and  Enlorccd,  lf;99. 
'■  In  the  Spiritual  liefiection  thnr  is  on  Itaiiinji;  lu  fanaticism  on 
the  one  hand,ortolukewarmni-ss  r.n  the  other."  l>r.  J.  I'ye  Smith, 
in  his  introductory  essay  to  an  edition  of  this  work,  pub.  in  1834. 
"  does  ample  justice  both  to  the  history  and  character  of  tbe  author. 
.  .  .  This  non-conformist  divine  isoharmingandelegantasawriter."' 
Bates  was  sometimes  called  the  "silver-tongued,"  and 
was  reckoned  the  politest  writer,  if  not  the  best  scholar,  of 
the  wh(de  body  of  ministers  who  retired  from  the  church 
in  16t>2,  on  the  passage  of  the  Act  of  Uniformity,  and 
formed  what  is  sometimes  called  the  '*  Dissenting  Interest." 
Bickcrstcth  remarks  that  he  has  "many  happy  similes." 
Vit£e  Selectorum  aliquot  virorum  qui  Doctrina,  Dignitate, 
aut  Pietate  inclaruere,  1681.  A  valuable  collection  of 
Lives  :  '.i2  in  number.  Discourse  about  the  Four  Last 
Things,  viz.  :  Death,  Judgment,  Heaven,  and  Hell,  1691. 

"Perhaps  the  most  elegant  of  Bates's  works.  .  .  .  The  Discourses 
are  admirable  specimens  of  sound  and  practical  theology,  conveyed 
ill  an  elegant  and  most  attractive  style.  Any  one.  however,  who 
reads  it  carefully,  will  find,  that  some  of  his  best  passages  are  just 
tlie  expansion  of  ideas  picked  up  in  the  course  of  an  extensive 
Btudy  of  the  fathers.  The  same  remark,  indeed,  applies  to  all  his 
works." 

Bates,  William,  Fellow,  Lect.,  and  Heb.  Lect.  of 
Ch.  Coll.,  Camb.  College  Lectures  on  Eccles.  History ; 
with  complete  sets  of  Cambridge,  Dublin,  and  Durham 
University  Examination  papers,  r.  12mo,  Lon.,  1844.  Col- 
lege Lectures  on  Christian  AntiquitieSj  <fec.,  r.  12mo,  Lon., 
18-15. 

Bateson,  or  Batson,  Peter.  Draining  of  Marsh, 
Lon.,  1700,  4to.     Navigation  of  Lyn,  &c.,  1720,  Svo. 

Bateson,  Thomas,   A  writer  of  Madrigals  j  organist 
of  Chester  Cathedral  about  the  year  ItiOO. 
Bath,  Earl  of«     See  Pulteney,  "William. 
Bath,Robt,  Surgeon.  Profess,  works,  Lou.,  1777-1805. 
Bathe,Wm.,1564-1614,  a  learned  Jesuit,  born  in  Dub-  ! 
lin,  was  professor  of  languages  at  the  University  of  Sala- 
manca.    An  Introduction  to  the  Art  of  Music,  Lon.,  15S4, 
4to.    Janua  Linguarum,  Salam,,  1611,  He  also  pub.  several 
theological  treatises. 

Bather,  Edward,  1779-1847,  Archdeacon  of  Salop, 
of  Oriel  Coll..  O.xford.  Sermons,  chiefly  practical,  3  vols, 
8vo,Lon.:  vol.  i.,  ;id  ed.,lS40;  vol.  ii.,lS29;  vol.  iii.,  1S40. 
Hints  on  Catechizing;  2d  ed.,  1S49.  Thoughts  on  the  De- 
mand for  Separation  of  Church  and  State,  Lon.,  1834,  Svo. 
lie  also  pub.  14  charges  and  some  separate  sermons. 
Bathic,  Arch.,  Surgeon.  Con.  to  Med.  Com.,  1775. 
Bathurst,  Henry,  1744-18.37,  Bishop  of  Norwich, 
educated  at  Winchester  and  New  Coll.,  Oxf.  A  Charge, 
ISOfi:  do.,  1815.  Sermons,  1794,  1810.  A  Letter  to  Wm. 
Wilberforce,  ISIS.  See  Memoirs  by  Archdeacon  Eathurst, 
2  vols.  Svo,  1837,  and  Supplement  to  do.,  1842,  Svo;  also 
Memoirs  and  CorresDondcnco,  by  his  Daughter,  Svo. 

Bathurst,  Henry,  Earl  Bathurst,  1714-1794.  The 
Ciu^e  ot  Miss  Swordleger,  Lon.,4to.  Theory  of  Evidence,  Svo. 
Bathurst,  Ralph,  1630-1704,  aclergyman,  physician, 
and  poet,  educated  at  Trinity  Coll.,  Oxf.,  was  named  by 
William  and  Mary  to  the  Bishopric  of  Bristol,  but  declined 
the  preferment.  He  was  President  of  Trinity  College,  and 
Vice-chancellor  of  the  University.  Diatribje  Theologica\ 
Philosophicje.  et  Philologicae ;  read  in  the  college  hall. 
1649.  Dr.  Derham  attributes  to  him  a  pamphlet,  entitled 
News  from  the  Dead.  pub.  1651;  and  Carrere  gives  him 
creilit  for  the  authorship  of  Pra3lectiones  trcs  de  Respira- 
tione,  Oxon.,  1654.  As  a  classical  scholar  Dr.  Bathurst  was 
very  eminent.  His  iambics  prefixed  to  Holles's  Treatise 
of  Human  Nature,  pub.  1650/ have  been  greatly  admired. 


"  His  Latin  Orations  are  wonderful  specimens  of  wit  and  anti- 
thesis, which  wore  the  delight  of  his  age.  They  want,  upon  the 
whole,  the  purity  and  simplicity  of  Tidly's  eloquence,  but  even 
exceed  the  sententious  smartness  of  Seneca  and  the  surprising 
turns  of  riiny.  .  .  .  That  pre;;uant  Itrevity  which  constitutes  the 
dignity  and  energy  of  the  iambic,  seems  to  have  been  his  talent.'* 
— Life  by  Wurtftji. 

"Although  he  maintained  the  most  exact  discipline  in  his  col- 
lege, his  method  of  instrui-tion  chiefly  consisted  in  turniiiir  the 
faults  of  the  delinquent  scholars  into  ridicule,  inwhlch  exjiidiiiit 
he  always  effectually  succeednd;  all  the  young  students  adiuircd 
and  loved  him." — Earl  of  Bathurst.  nephew  to  the  Doctor. 

See  Biog.  Brit,  j  Wood's  Athen.  Oxon.  ^  History  of 
Oxford. 

Bathurst,  Theodore,  a  student  of  Pembroke  Coll., 
Cambridge,  trans,  into  Latin  verse  Spenser's  Shej)herd'3 
Calendar,  pub.  1053,  by  Dr.  Dillingham,  of  Emanuel 
College.  This  trans,  was  highly  commended  by  Sir  Rich. 
Faushawe. 

Batlev,  Samuel.  M:iximum  in  JMinimo. 
Batmau,  or  Bateman,  Stephen,  d.  1587,  a  divine 
and  a  poet  of  considernble  note,  is  said  to  have  been  a 
native  of  Bruton,  in  Somersetshire.  He  studied  philoso- 
phy and  divinity  at  Cambridge,  and  became  chaplain  and 
librarian  to  Archbishop  Parker.  In  15G9  he  pub.  1.  The 
Travaylcd  Pilgrime,  bringing  Newes  from  all  Parts  of 
the  Worlde,  such  like  scarce  harde  before,  4to.  [Lon., 
by  John  Deuham.]  Black  Letter,  with  20  wood-cuts. 
This  is  an  allegorical-theological  romance  of  the  life  of 
man,  in  verse  of  14  syllables,  introducing  historical  inci- 
dents and  characters  relative  to  the  reigns  of  Henry  VIII., 
Edward  VI.,  Queens  Mary  and  Elizabeth.  Sold  at  Sothe- 
by's, in  1821,  for  £29  18«.  Qd.;  resold,  Perry,  pt.  i.  618,  for 
£26  15s.  enl. 

2.  A  Christall  Glasse  of  Christian  Keformation,  London, 
by  John  Day,  1569,  4to.  W'ith  many  wood  cuts.  Joyful! 
Newes  out  of  Helvetia,  &c,,  1575,  Svo.  3.  Golden  Booke 
of  the  Leaden  Goddes,  «tc.,  1577,  4to,  dedicated  to  Lord 
Henry  Cary. 

'■  8hakspeare  is  supposed  to  have  consulted  this  book,  which  may 
bo  considered  as  the  first  attempt  towards  a  Pantheon,  or  descrip- 
tion of  the  Heathen  Gods." 

4.  A  Preface  before  John  Rogers's  Displaying  of  the 
Family  of  Love.  1579,  Svo.  5.  Doome  warning  all  Men 
to  Judgement;  In  manor  of  a  gene  rale  Chronicle,  1581, 
4to.  6.  Of  the  Arrivall  of  the  3  Graces  in  Auglia,  lament- 
ing the  Abuses  of  the  Present  Age,  4to,  sine  tnuio.  7. 
Notes  to  Leland's  Assertin  Arthuri,  trans,  by  Richard  Ro- 
binson, sine  anno.  8.  Batman  vpon  Bartholome  his  Book 
De  Proprietatibus  P^erum,  newly  corrected,  enlarged,  and 
amended,  fol.,  1582.  See  BARTHOLOM^tJS  Anglicus,  in 
this  volume.  Batman  revelled  in  hispatron'slibrary  in  the 
true  Dominie  Sampson  spirit:  he  tells  us  that  he  increased 
its  treasures  by  six  thousand  seven  hundred  books  in  four 
years;  and  more  than  one  thousand  manuscripts  collected 
by  his  pains  bore  witness  to  his  laudable  zeal. 

"First  by  conference  with  Master  Steuen  Batman,  a  learned 
preacher  and  friendlie  fauourer  of  vertue  and  learning,  touchint; 
the  praise  worthie  progenie  of  this  K.  Arthurc,  he  gave  me  this 
assured  knowledge  on  this  mauer  taken  out  of  his  auncient  re- 
cords written  at  Aualonia." — Rahinson'strans.of  Ldnnd''&  Arlhure. 
Batmansoii,  John,  d.  1531,  a'  Roman  Catholic  di- 
vine, studied  divinity  at  Oxford.  He  wrote  against  the 
doctrines  of  the  Reformation.  1.  Animadversions  in  An- 
notationes  Erasmi  in  Novum  Testameutum.  2.  A  Trea- 
tise against  some  of  M.  Luther's  writings.  3.  Conimen- 
taria  in  Proverbia  Salomonis.  4.  In  Cautica  Canticorum. 
5.  De  Unicrt  Magdeleua,  contra  Fabrum  Stapulensem.  6. 
Tnstitutiones  Noviciorum.  7-  De  Coutempti  Mundi.  S. 
De  Christo  duodenni ;  A  Homily  on  Luke  ii.  42.  9.  On 
the  words  "  Missus  est/'  &c.  It  is  supposed  that  several 
of  these  works  were  never  printed. 

'•  John  Ilatnianson  controverted  Erasmus's  Commentary  on  the 
New  Testament  with  a  degree  of  spirit  and  erudition,  which  was 
unliappily  misapplied,  but  would  have  done  honour  to  thr  caust* 
of  his  antagonist  in  respect  to  the  learning  displayed." — Warton, 
Bale,  Pits,  Tanner,  Biog.  Brit.,  Athen.  Oxon.,  Dodd"s 
Ch.  Historv.  Chalmers's  Biog.  Diet. 

Batt,  C.  VV,  Diss.  on^Luke  vii.  19.  2d  ed.,  12mo, 
Lon.,  1789. 

Batt,  Michael.     Sermon,  1  Cor.  iv.  21,  1680,  4to. 
Batt,  Wm,,  1744-1S12,  educated  at  Oxford,  Con.  Me- 
moirs to  Trans.  Med.  Soc.  of  E.  of  Genoa. 

Batt,  Wm.     Sermon,  Matt.  xii.  25,  1754,  4to. 
Battel,  Audrew,     See  his  Adventures,  written  from 
his  dictation  Itv  Purchas :  Collec.  of  Voyages,  vol.  2d. 
Batten,  Ralph.     Sermons,  1683-9*4. 
Battely,  John,  D.D.,   1647-1708,   an   antiquary  of 
note,  was  Fellow  of  Trinity  College,  Cambridge,  ciuiplain 
to  Archbp.  Sancroft,  and  afterwards  Archileacon  of  Can- 
terbury.    In  1711  Dr.  Thomas  Terry  pub.  Dr.  B.'s  Auii- 

141 


BAT 

The  subject  is  the  ancient  state 


quitates  Rutupina;,  Svo 

of  the  Isle  of  Thanet.  ,   ,  ,^         .    , 

"  It  mos  the  ri'iider  a  most  entertaimnir  account  of  the  ancient 
Rutupinie  and  Resulhium,  with  other  cities  and  ports  on  the  coast 
of  Kent,  well  linown  to  the  Komans,  whose  money  and  utensils 
are  here  daily  discovered,  and  were  plentifiiUv  collected  by  the 
curious  author."— BiJ.  yicolson's  Eng.  Hid.  Library. 

A  second  ed.  was  pub.  in  1745  with  the  author's  Anti- 
quitates  Edmondburgi,  an  unfinished  history  of  his  native 
place,  and  its  ancient  monastery,  down  to  the  year  1272. 
In  1774  John  Buncombe  pub.  a  trans,  of  the  Antiquitates 
Rutupinw.  under  the  title  of  The  Antiquilies  of  Kichbo- 
rough  and  Reculver,  abridged  from  the  Latin  of  Mr. 
Archdeacon  Buttely,  Lon.,  12mo. 

Battely,  Nicholas,  brother  to  the  above,  edited  an 
improved  ed.  of  Somncr's  Antiquities  of  Canterbury,  and 
■wrote  snuie  papers  and  accounts  of  Kastbridge  Hospital  in 
Cantorl.urv,  |iub.  in  Strype's  Life  of  Whitgift. 

Batlcrlicld,  R.     A  work  on  the  Church  of  Rome. 
Batlersby,  John.     Tell  Tale  Sofas,  18 U. 
Battersie,  John.     Acct.  of  a  Discourse,  Lon.,  1714. 
Batteson,  Philip.     God's  Revenge  against  Murder 
and  Adultery  remarkably  displayed  in   Thirty  Tragical 
Histories.  Lon..  1779.  4to. 

Battle,  William.  Sermons.  1078,  Svo. 
Battie,  William,  M.D..  1774-1776,  was  educated  at 
Eton,  and  at  King's  College,  Cambridge.  In  1729  he  pub. 
Isocratos'  Orationes  Septem  et  Epistote,  Cantab.,  Svo.  A 
2d  ed.,  more  complete  than  the  first,  was  pub.  in  2  vols., 
1749  Svo.  De  Principiis  Animalibus  Excrcitatione?,  in 
Coll.'  Reg.  Medicorum,  Lon.,  1751,  4to.  A  Treatise  on 
M.adnessr  Lon.,  175S,  4to.  Aphorismi,  Ac,  Lon.,  1760, 
4to  In  1750  Battie  took  part  in  the  controversy  between 
the  Royal  Coll.  of  Phys.  and  Dr.  Schomberg.  Ho  was 
maile  the  subject  of  severe  ridicule  in  the  Battiad,  of 
which  Paul  Whitehead,  Moses  Mcndez,  and  Dr.  Schom- 
berg. were  the  authors.  Ho  was  also  engaged  in  a  dispute 
with  Dr.  John  Monro. 

Batting, John.  Chirurgical  Facts,  ic.,Oxf.,I<60,8vo. 
Battishill,  Jonathan,  1738-lSOl,  an  eminent  mu- 
sician and  composer,  author  of  the  well-known  glee.  Un- 
derneath this  Myrtle  shade,  and  other  admired  pieces. 

Batty,   Adam.     Serm.,   1723.    26   Scrms.,  1739,  2 
vols.  Svo.  , 

Batty,  Barth.     The  Christian  Man  s  Closet,  &c.,  col- 
lected in  Latin  i  Englished  by  W.  Louth,  Lon.,  1581-82, 4to. 
Batty,  E.     Reports  of  Cases  in  C.  of  K.  Bench  in  Ire- 
land. 1825-26,  Dub.,  1828. 

Batty,  Joseph.     Sermon  on  Gal.  1. 1. 
Batty,  R.,  M.D.     The  Med.  and  Phys.  Journal,  con- 
ducted by  Drs.  Batty.  Bradley,  and  Noehden. 

Batty,  or  Baty,  Richard,  d.  1758.  Serms.  1750,  1,  6. 
Batty,  Lt.  Col.  Robt.     Campaigne,  itc,  1813-14. 
Lt  Col  B.haspub.  several  works  on  Scenery,  illustrated  by 
his  own  drawings.    See  Lowndes's  Bibliographer's  Manual. 
Batty,  Wm.,  M.D.   Con.  to  Annals  of  Med.  ISOl. 
Battye,  Thos.  A  Disclosure,  &c.,  Manches.,  1796,  Svo. 
The  Rod  Basil  Book,  or  Parish  Register,  Ac,  1797,  Svo. 
Bauer,  F.     Hortioult.  Works,  Lon.,  1796,  1813. 
Baughe,  Thos.     A  Summons  to  Judgment;  A  Ser- 
mon. Lon..  1614,  4to. 

Bavaunde,  W.     Trans.  The  Good  Orderynge  of  a 

Comnumewealc.  Ac,  Lon.,  1559,  4to.  ,,ocno 

Baverstock,  J.    Works  on  Brewing,  Lon.,  1785-92, 

1812 

Bauthumley,  Jacob.  Thoolog. Works.  Lon.,  1650-76. 

Bawdcn,  Wm.,  d.  1816,  an  English  clergyman,  un- 
dertook a  trans,  of  Domesday  Book,  which  was  to  be  con- 
tained in  10  vols.  He  only  lived  to  complete  2  vols.,  pub. 
Lon..  1809, '12,  4to. 

Baxter,  Alexander.  Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.  Abr.,  1787. 

Baxter,  Andrew,  b.  about  1686.  d.  1750,  was  born 
at  Old  Aberdeen  in  Scotland,  and  educated  at  the  univer- 
sity of  this  town.  His  time  was  usefully  employed  as  pri- 
vate tutor  to  young  gentlemen.  Among  his  pupils  were  Lord 
Grey,  Lord  Blantvre,  and  Mr.  Hay  of  Drummehicr.  With 
the  latter  he  travelled,  and  resided  from  1741  to  1747  on 
the  continent.  He  pub.  An  Enquiry  into  the  Nature  of  the 
Hiniian  .-Joid.  wherein  its  immateriality  is  evinced  from  the 
Priu.  lilies  of  Re.ason  and  Philosophy,  Lon.  4to,  si'ac  niino; 
2d  ed..  1737,  2  vols.  Svo;  3d  ed.,  1745,  2  vols.  Svo.  In  1750 
was  pub.  an  nppendi.x  to  his  Enquiry,  in  which  he  answers 
some  objections  of  Maclaurin's.  To  this  appendix  is  pre- 
fixed a  dedication  to  the  well  known,  or  we  should  rather 
say  widely  known,  John  Wilkes.  In  1779  Rev.  Dr.  Dun- 
can pub.  The  Evidence  of  Reason  in  proof  of  the  Immor- 
tality of  the  Soul,  independent  on  the  more  alistruse  In- 
quiry into  the  Nature  of  Matter  and  Spirit ;  collected  from 
113 


BAX 

ti'o  MSS  of  Mr.  Baxter.  Lon.,  Svo.  He  drew  u].  for  the 
use  of  his  pupils  and  his  son,  a  piece  entitled  Matho,  siye 
Cosmotheoria  puerilis  Dialogus,  Ac,  Lon,.  1(40,  2  vols. 
Svo,  This  work  enlarged  was  pub.  m  EngUsh  m  1'43; 
Matho,  Ac,  wherein  from  the  Phenomena  of  the  Materuil 
World,  bricHy  explained,  the  principles  of  Natural  Reli- 
gion are  deduced  and  demonstrated,  Lon.  2  vols.  8voj  3d 
ed.  1765.  Baxter's  treatise  on  the  soul  has  been  highly 
commended.  .     ,      ^         ,  ^   , 

"Ue  who  would  see  the  just^st  and  precisest  notions  of  hod, 
and  the  soul,  may  read  this  book ;  one  of  the  most  finished  of  the 
kind  in  my  humble  opinion,  that  the  present  tioies.  greatly  ad- 
vanced in  true  philosophy,  have  produced."--BP.  W.iRBraTON. 

Baxter  builds  his  reasoning  upon  the  principle  ol  the 
via  inerticE  of  matter.  Hume  objects  to  his  system,  with- 
out naming  him.  in  his  Enquiry  concerning  Human  Under- 
standing.    We  have  seen  that  Baxter  did  not  live  to  com- 

^  "'f  ow-n  if°it'had  been  the  will  of  Heaven,  I  would  pl.-jdly  have 
lived  till  I  had  put  in  order  the  second  part  of  the  Inquiry,  show- 
nK  the  immortality  of  the  human  soul;  but  infinite  wisdom  can- 
not bo  mistaken  ii  callinj!  me  sooner.  Our  blindness  makes  us 
form  wishes."— icftcr  to  Jflin  Wilkes.  j     „j  ,  „ 

••  Mr  Baxter  endeavours  to  prove  that  dreams  are  produced  by 
the  fiKency  of  some  spiritual  beint'S.  who  either  .amuse,  or  employ 
theniielves  seriously,  in  eng.aging  mankind  in  all  those  imaginary 
transactions  with  which  they  are  employed  m  dreaming. 

"Baxter's Inquiry  displays  consider-able  ingenuity,  as  well  as 
Icarnin.'  Some  of"  the  remarks  on  Berkeley's  argument  ag.ainst 
the  existence  of  matter  are  acute  and  just,  and,  .at  the  time  when 
thev  wen-  published,  had  the  merit  of  novelty."— Dugald  Stew.uit. 
Baxter,  Benjamin.  A  Posing  Question  by  Solomon, 
of  making  a  Judgment  of  Temporal  Conditions ;  in  seve- 
ral Sermons  on  Ecclcs.  viii.  12.  Lon.,  1661,  Svo. 

Baxter,  J.    Toil  for  Two-legged  Foxes,  Lon.,  1600,  8vo. 
Baxter,  John.     AViltshire  Farmer,  Lon.,  Svo;  Agri- 
cultural Gleaner,  p.  Svo  ;  Library  of  Practical  Agriculture, 
1834,  Svo,  4th  ed.  enlarged,  1S46,  2  vols.  roy.  Svo. 

'■It  contains  much  useful  matter  that  is  interesting  to  the  fti- 
mer  and  gardener.  ...  Its  deservings  are  above  mediocrity.  — 
Donahlsmi's  Aurindt.  Dingraphi/.  „  t.      ,      j 

Baxter,  John  A.  The  Church  History  of  England, 
from  the  Introduction  of  Christianity  into  Britain  to  the 
Present  Time,  2d  ed.,  Lon.,  1849,  Svo. 

"  We  have  eiamined  with  pleasure  the  Church  History  of  Eng- 
land, by  the  Rev.  J.  A.  Baxter.  M.A.  It  is  fairly  written,  with  con- 
siderable ability,  and  will  prove  a  serviceable  manual  to  the  stu- 
dent."—CT. "/ £'i«7toiv!;  jl/o,i7armc.  «  „  j,=  1  1 
Baxter,  Joseph,  1676-1745,  minister  of  Medfield, 
Massachusetts,  pub.  Sermons,  1727-29.           „.,,,„     , 

Baxter,  N.  A.  Soueraigne  Salue  for  a  SinfuU  Sonle, 
Ac     Lon.,  1585,  Svo. 

Baxter,  R.  A.  Paraphrase  on  the  N.  Test.,  1810,  Svo. 
Baxter,  Richard,  1615-1691,  a  celebrated  Noncon- 
formist divine,  was  a  native  of  Rowton  in  Hampshire 
In  1638  he  was  ordained  by  Bishop  Thornborough,  and 
two  years  later  was  chosen  vicar  of  Kidderminster.  On 
the  breaking  out  of  the  civil  war.  he  desired  to  remain 
neutral ;  but  suspecting  the  ambitious  designs  of  parlia- 
ment, he  resolved  "  to  repair  instantly  to  the  army,  and 
use  his  utmost  endeavours  to  bring  the  soldiers  back  to 
the  principles  of  loyalty  to  the  king,  and  submission  to 
the  church."  When  Cromwell  was  declared  protector,  he 
bravely  "  withstood  him  to  the  face,"  telling  him  that  "  the 
honest  people  of  the  land  took  their  ancient  monarchy  to 
he  a  blessing,  and  not  an  evil."  Whilst  chaplain  to  Colonel 
Whallcy's  regiment,  he  wrote  his  best-known  work,  Iho 
Saint's  Rest.  The  Act  of  Uniformity  of  1662  drove  him 
from  that  church  of  which  he  had  been  so  useful  a  mem- 
ber In  the  same  year  he  married  Margaret,  daughter  oi 
Francis  Charleton,  Esq.,  of  Shropshire,  a  magistrate.  In 
1682  this  excellent  man  was  seized  for  coming  within  five 
miles  of  a  corpor.ate  town  :  again,  in  1G84,  he  was  sub- 
jected to  the  same  ill  usage,  and  indeed  for  years  his  lilo 
was  harassed  bv  these  unchristian  persecutions.  In  May, 
1684-85,he  was  tried  before  Lord-ehief-justice  Jeffreys  upon 
a  charfe  of  sedition,  founded  upon  his  Notes  on  the  New 
Testament.  On  this  occasion,  Jeffreys  displayed  his  usual 
brutality.     When  Baxter  asked  for  time,  this  upright  juAge 

exclaimed,  ^.       ,  ,.    ,.-, 

'•  I  will  not  give  him  a  moment's  more  time  to  s.ave  his  lile. 

Yonder  stands  Gates  in  the  pillory  with  hini.    I  would  say  two 

of  the  greatest  rogues  and  ra-scals  in  the  kingdom  stood  there. 

When  Baxter  endeavoured  to  speak— 

"Richard!  Rich.ard!"  ejaculated  the  judge,  "dost  thou  think 

we'll  he,ar  thee  poison  the  court?     Richard,  thou  art  an  old  fellow 

an  old  knave;  thou  hast  written  books  enough  to  lo.ad  a  cart. 

Iladst  thou  been  whipt  out  of  thy  writing  trade  forty  years  ago. 

'' Jeffreys  would  gladly  have  inflicted  the  whipping  now, 
through  the  streets  of  the  city,  but  the  other  .ludgc  had  less 
brutality;  .and  the  sentence  was  ouli/  a  fine  of  500  marks, 
imprisonment  till  paid,  and  bonds  for  good  behaviour  tor 


BAX 


BAX 


seven  years  !  But  Lord  Powis.a  unl.lenian  (in-dred)  of  the 
Roman  Catholic  Church,  exerted  himself  successfully  to 
have  the  fine  remitted,  and  he  was  liherated  after  an  im- 
prisonment of  about  eighteen  mouths.  The  remaining 
tive  years  of  his  life  were  unmolested  by  his  persecutors. 
He  continued  preaching  until  December,  1691,  when  he 
died  ''  in  great  peace  and  joy.'' 

Among  his  best  known  works  are :  1.  The  Saint's  Ever- 
lasting Rest,  Lon.,  1650.  2.  A  Call  to  the  Unconverted, 
Lon.,  1669.  3.  Christian  Directory,  Lon.,  1673.  4.  The 
Poor  Man's  Family  Book,  Lon.,  1674.  5.  The  Cure  of  Me- 
lancholy, Ac,  Lon.,  1683.  6.  A  Paraphrase  on  the  New 
Testament,  Lon.,  1685.  7.  Dying  Thoughts,  Lon.,  1688. 
S.  Reliciuite  Baxteriana;,  or  his  own  Narrative  of  his  Life 
and  Times,  pub.  by  M.  Sylvester,  Lon.,  1696,  fol.  He  is 
said  to  have  been  the  author  of  above  120  books,  (Watt 
enumerates  112.)  and  to  have  had  more  than  half  that 
number  written  against  him. 

A  collection  of  his  Discourses  was  pub.  in  1707,  4  vols, 
fol.  He  was  a  deeply  learned  and  most  holy  man.  Lord 
William  Russell,  before  his  execution,  sent  to  Baxter  his 
hearty  thanks  for  his  Dying  Thoughts. 

"Such  hiiTe  made  me  better  (Wquaiuted  with  the  other  world 
than  I  was  before,  and  have  not  a  little  contributed  to  my  support 
and  relief^  aud  to  the  fitting  me  for  what  I  .am  to  go  through." 

20,000  copies  of  the  Call  to  the  Unconverted  were  sold 
in  a  twelvemonth,  and  it  was  translated  into  all  the  Euro- 
pean languages,  and  into  one  of  the  dialects  of  India. 
He  is  said  to 

"  Have  preached  more  sennons,  engaged  in  more  controversies, 
and  written  more  books,  than  any  other  Noncouformist  of  the  age." 

In  his  efforts  for  the  spiritual  welfare  of  his  flock,  he 
was  a  bright  example  to  all  ministers  ; 

"  Tisitiug  from  house  to  house,  prevailing  on  them  almost  uni- 
versally to  prjictise  Fajitlt  Praver,  aud  instrumentally  effecting 
a  great  reform  among  them." 

Bishop  Stillinglieet  speaks  of  him  as 

"Our  reverend  and  learned  Mr.  Baxter." 

"  A  person  of  great  devotion  and  piety,  and  of  a  very  subtile  and 
quick  .apprehension." — Bishop  Burnet. 

Bishop  Patrick  refers  to  "his  learned  and  pious  endea- 
vours ;"  and  he  had  the  esteem  and  friendship  of  many 
great  and  worthy  men.  as  Chief  Justice  Hale,  Archbishop 
Tillotson,  the  Earl  of  Lauderdale,  i-c.  Dr.  Manton  thought 
he  came  nearest  the  apostolical  writings  of  any  man  of  his 
age.  Archbishop  Usher  importuned  bim  to  write  on  the 
subject  of  Conversion.     Dr.  Barrow  declared, 

"  His  practical  writings  were  never  mended,  his  controversial, 
seldom  refuted." 

"  His  books,  for  their  number  and  variety  of  matter,  make  a  li- 
brary. They  contain  a  rich  treasure  of  controversial,  casuistical, 
positive,  and  practical  divinity." — I)r.  b.ites. 

''The  best  method  of  forming  a  correct  opinion  of  Baxter's  la- 
bours for  the  press,  is  by  comparing  them  with  some  of  his  breth- 
ren who  wrote  a  great  deal.  The  works  of  Bishop  Hall  amount  to 
10  vols.  Svo ;  Lightfoot's  extend  to  13 ;  Jeremy  Taylor's  to  15  ■  Dr 
Goodwin's  would  make  about  20 ;  Dr.  Owen's  ext'end  to  28 ;  Bax- 
ter's, if  printed  in  a  uniform  edition,  would  not  be  comprised  in 
less  than  sixty  volumes  I" 

'■  He  was  the  fittest  man  of  the  age  for  a  casuist,  because  he 
feared  no  man's  displeasure,  nor  hoped  for  anv  man's  preferment  " 
— Hon.  Robt.  Boyle. 

"  Baxter's  work  on  the  New  Testament,  like  most  of  his  practi- 
cal divinity,  is  plain,  forcible,  and  improving,"— Oirdlestone. 

■'  It  is  rather  of  a  practical  than  a  critical  nature.  It  is  designed 
not  so  much  for  the  use  of  the  learned.  ■  as  of  religious  famili'es  in 
their  d:uly  reading  of  the  .Scriptures,  and  of  the  poorer  sort  of 
scholars,  and  ministers,  who  want  fuller  helps.'  To  such,  the  work 
is  fitted  to  be  useful ;  but  even  others  will  find  occasionallv  some 
very  important  suggestions,  and  the  true  meaning-  of  a  d'iiHcuIt 
passage  pointed  out  with  no  parade  of  learning."— Orme. 

"The  annotations  at  the  end  of  the  chapters  are.  for  the  most 
part,  very  short,  and  contain  much  sound  sense  and  nietv  " T 

H.  HORNE.  t       J- 

"  It  is  very  plain,  but  with  much  piety  and  good  sense.  Baxter 
was  a  truly  pious  and  practical  writer,  with  lively  views  of  eter- 
mty." — BlcKERSTETn. 
•The  same  critic  considers  our  author's  Catholic  Theolcv  as 
well  calculab?d  to  abate  selfmonceit.  An  extensive  view  of  dif- 
ferent opinions:"  his  "  Reasons  of  the  Christian  Religion  is  a  pow- 
erful treatise :"  his  "  Church  Historv  of  theGovernment  of  Bishops 
contains  much  mformation  respecting  the  errors  of  Councils,  taken 
from  Binnius  and  Crabbe :"  his  •'  Narrative  of  his  Life  and  Times 
LS  a  very  instructive  and  entertaining  work,  respecting  one  of  the 
most  interesting  periods  of  English  History.  Allowance  should 
be  made  for  the  imperfection  of  every  human  writer,  and  for  his 
peculianties.  Bitter  animadversions  were  published  on  this  work 
m  1696,  entitled  VmdicifeAnti-Baxteriana?." 

"He  must  be  very  wise  or  very  stupid  to  whom  Baxter  can  im- 
part no  instruction.  — Orme. 

'■  His  books  of  Practical  Divinity  have  been  effectual  for  more 
numerous  conversions  of  sinners  to  God,  than  any  printed  in  our 
time;  and  while  the  church  remains  on  earth,  will  be  of  continu.aI 
efficacy  to  recover  lost  souls," — Dr.  B  \tes,  ' 

Dr.  Calnmy  says  of  The  Saint's  Everlasting  Rest, 
"This  is  the  book  for  which  multitudes  will  have  cause  to  bless 


God  for  ever,  ,  .  .  The  examples  of  heavenly  meditation  whiih 
Baxter  gives,  really  breathe  of  heaven ;  and  the  miportanoe  of  such 
meditation  as  a  duty,  and  as  a  means  of  spiritual  growth,  is  admi- 
rably set  forth,  and  most  powei-fully  enforced.'' 

A  celebrated  critic  remarks  of  Glildas  Salvianus,  or  Re- 
formed Pastor, 

"In  the  whole  compass  of  divinity,  there  is  scarcely  .any  thing 
superior  to  this  valuable  practical  treatise,  in  close  pathetic  a^ 
peals  to  the  conscience  of  the  minister  of  Christ  upon  the  primary 
duties  of  his  office.  The  main  object  is  to  press  the  necessity  of  his 
bringing  home  the  truth  of  the  Gospel  to  every  individual  of  his 
flock,  by  affectionate,  c.athecheticul  instruction." 

Dr.  Samuel  Clarke  considered  our  author's  Reasons  of 
the  Christian  Religion  as  one  of  the  most  masterly  per- 
formances on  the  subject  of  any  in  the  English  language. 
"In  it  Baxter  examines  Lord  Herbert's  book.  On  Truth,  and 
furnishes  some  ingenious,  judicious,  and  valuable  remarks  by  way 
of  answer." — BoouE. 

"  Baxter'.s  Reasons  contain  an  able  statement  of  the  evidences  "' 
— Bickersteth. 

His  Key  for  Catholics  to  open  the  Juggliug  of  the  Je- 
suits has  been  commended  as 

"  A  masterly  refutation  of  the  errors  and  peculiar  dogmas  and 
a  thorough  exposure  of  all  the  deceitful  arts  of  the  Romish  Chm-ch 
and  Jesuitism.'' 

His  Church  History  of  Bishops,  and  Treatise  on  Epis- 
copacy, 

"  Are  among  the  best  of  B.axter's  writings  which  have  not  been 
republished,  and  well  deserve  the  attention  of  inquirers  into  the 
affairs  of  the  Church." — Orme, 
"  His  vouchers  are  beyond  all  exception," — Wesley. 
"  There  is  a  living  energy  and  spirit  in  the  practical  writings  of 
Biixter,  which  the  reader  seldom  meets  with  in  any  other  author. 
His  appeals  to  the  conscience  are  often  mighty  aiid  irresistible.'' 
—  WtUiavts's  C/tn:<tian  Preac/ier. 
_  "  Baxter  wrote  as  in  the  view  of  eternity;  but  generally  judi- 
cious, nervous,  spiritual,  and  evangelical,  though  often  charged 
with  the  contrary.     He  discovers  a  manlv  eloquence,  and  the  most 
evident  proofs  of  an  amazing  genius,  with  respect  to  which  he  may 
not  improperly  be  called  the  English  Denwsthmes."— Doddridge's 
LcH.  ml  Preaching. 

"  Pray  read  with  great  attention  Baxter's  Life  of  himself;  it  is 
an  inestunable  work.    There  is  no  substitute  for  it  in  a  course  of 
study  for  a  clergyman  or  public  man ;  I  could  almost  as  soon  doubt 
the  Gospel  verity  as  Baxter's  veracity." — Coleridge. 
Dr.  Dibdin  describes  Baxter  as 

"  A  divine  of  a  most  capricious,  yet  powerful  and  original,  mind. 
What  Prynne  was  in  law  and  history,  Baxter  was  in  theology :  as 
the  simil.arity.  in  point  of  quaintness,  in  the  titles  of  their  re- 
spective works,  testifies." 

"Baxter  is  my  particular  favourite:  it  is  impossible  to  tell  you 
how  much  I  am  charmed  with  the  devotion,  good  sense,  and  pa- 
thos, which  is  everywhere  to  be  found  in  him," — Doddridoe. 

"  He  cultivated  every  subject  he  handled,  and  if  he  had  lived  in 
the  primitive  time,  he  had  been  one  of  the  fathers  of  the  church. 
It  was  enough  for  one  age  to  pi-oduce  such  a  person.'' — Bishop 
Wllkins. 

_  "  His  life  contains  much  useful  matter,  and  many  valuable  par- 
ticulars of  the  time  of  Charles  I."— Wilberporce. 

Boswell  records  the  opinion  of  his  great  friend  : 
"  I  asked  him  what  works  of  Richard  Baxter's  I  should  read.  He 
s.aid  '  Read  any  of  them  ;  thev  are  all  good.'"  Another  of  John- 
son's friends  tells  us  that  the  doctor  "  thought  Baxter's  Reasons  of 
the  Christian  Religion  contained  the  best  collection  of  the  evidences 
of  the  divinity  of  the  Christian  system." 

Works  with  life,  by  Rev.  Wm.  Orme,  Lon.,  1830,  23  vols. 
Svo,  £12  128.  Orf.     Practical  works,  Lon.,  1847,  4  vols.  imp.  ■ 
Svo,  £3  3».  Of/. 

Baxter,  Thomas.  The  Circle  squared,  Lon.,  1732, 
Svo.  Matho,  or  the  Principles  of  Astronomy  &  N.  Philos., 
accommodated  to  the  Use  of  Younger  Persons,  Lon.,  1740, 
Svo.     Once  a  popular  work. 

Baxter,  Thomas,  An  Ilhistration  of  the  Egyptian, 
Grecian,  and  Rom,  Costume,  with  Descrip.,  Lon.,  ISIO,  Svo. 
Baxter,  William,  1650-1723,  born  at  Llangollen,  in 
Shropshire,  was  a  nephew  of  the  celebrated  Richard  Baxter. 
He  became  a  proficient  in  antiquarian  investigations  and 
in  the  dead  languages.  In  1679  he  puli.  a  Latin  Grani- 
m.ar;  and  in  1695  au  ed.  of  Anacreon,  which  was  reprinted 
in  1710  with  improvements,  which  are  said  to  be  taken 
from  the  ed.  of  Joshua  B,arnes,  pub.  in  1705.  In  17111 
appeared  his  celebrated  ed.  of  Horace ;  the  2d  ed.  of  which 
was  pub.  in  1725.     Dr.  Harwood  praises  Baxter's  ed.  as 

"  By  far  the  best  edition  of  Horace  ever  published,  I  have  read 
it  many  times  through,  and  know  its  singular  worth,  England 
has  not  produced  a  more  elegant  or  judicious  critic  than  Baxter," 
Gesner's  Horace  was  based  upon  Baxter's,  and  Bishop 
Lowth  pronounced  the  2d  ed.  of  Gesner's,  pub.  in  1772 
the  best  ed.  of  Horace  ever  delivered  to  the  world.  Mr. 
Baxter  was  engaged  in  several  other  literary  labours.  In 
1719  was  pub.  a  portion  of  his  Glossarium  Antiquitatum 
Britannicarum ;  the  whole  of  this  work  was  pub.  before 
his  death  at  the  expense  of  that  ornament  to  literature,  as 
well  as  to  the  healing  art.  Dr.  Richard  Mead.  That  which 
relates  to  the  letter  A  was  reprinted  in  the  Reliqnise  Bax- 
teriana'.  His  etymologies  in  this  work  are  often  correct 
and  undeniable,  hut  some  are  capricious. 


BAX 


BAY 


*'  His  conjectures  will  sometimes  appear  to  be  too  bold,  and  too 
much  out  of  the  commou  road ;  but  more  often  surprisingly  in- 
strui'tive.  and  always  pleasant  and  diverting  to  either  a  Briiish  or 
Irish  Antiquary." — Bishop  Xicolsos, 

Baxter,  William.  British  Phoenogamous  Botany, 
6  vols.  Bvo,  £5  lbs. ;  coloureil  plates.  £9.  Lon.,  1843. 

Baxter,  W.  E,  1.  America  and  Americans,  Lon., 
12mo.  2.  Imiirrssinns  of  Cuntral  and  Southern  Eurupc, 
Svo.  3.  Travels  in  Portugal,  Spain,  Italy,  1850-51,  2  vols, 
p.  8vo. 

Bay,  E.  H.  Ecports  of  Cases  in  Superior  Courts  of 
Law  in  S.  Carolina  sincu  the  Kevolutionj  2d  ed.,  2  vols. 
Svo,  New  York.  1809-11. 

Bay,  W.    Work  on  the  Dysentery,  N.  York.  1797,  Svo. 

Bayard,  Elise  Justine,  d.  in  Xew  Y'ork,  was  the 
wife  of  Fulton  Cutting.  Esq.,  contributed  a  number  of 
poetical  pieces  to  the  iteriodieals  of  the  day.  The  Literary 
World,  The  Knickerbocker,  &c. 

"The  amateur  votary  has  shewn  a  vigor  of  thought,  emotion, 
and  expression  in  some  of  her  productions  which  gives  the  highest 
promise  of  what  she  may  accomplish  should  she  devote  her  tine 
intelligence  to  literature." — Grisioold's  Pemate  Poets  of  America. 

"  The  few  poems  tliot  she  has  published  are  enough  to  entitle 
her  to  take  a  higli  rank  among  tlie  poetesses  of  our  country." — 
Woman^s  liecoriL 

Bayard,  James.  A  Brief  Exposition  of  the  Consti- 
tution ot  the  United  States.  A'c,  12mo.  Philadelphia,  1833. 

Bayard,  James  A.,  17G7-1S15,  a  native  of  Phila- 
delphia. A  speech  of  this  distinguished  American  states- 
man on  the  Foreign  Intercourse  Bill  was  pub.  in  1798,  and 
his  speech  on  the  Repeal  of  the  Judiciary  in  a  vol.  of  flie 
speeches  delivered  in  this  controversy,  pub.  in  1802. 

Bayard,  Samuel.  An  Abstract  of  the  Laws  of  the 
TTnited  States  ivhich  relate  chiefly  to  the  Duties  and  Au- 
thority of  the  Judges  of  the  Inferior  State  Courts,  and 
the  Justices  of  the  Peace  throughout,  the  Union,  Svo, 
New  York,  1834.  A  Digest  of  American  Cases  on  the  Law 
of  Evidence,  intended  as  notes  to  Peake's  Compendium  of 
the  Law  of  Evidence,  Svo,  Philadelphia.  1810. 

"  It  does  not  appear  that  these  notes  were  ever  inserted  in  an 
edition  of  the  book  for  whieh  they  were  designed.  After  their  first 
preparation,  thf*  notes  were  expanded  and  published  in  their  pre- 
sent form.  These  abstracts  of  cases,  arranged  under  appropriate 
titles,  have  long  since,  in  substance,  been  incorporated  into  other 
works  upon  the  law  of  evidence." — Marvin's  Lfgal  Bibl. 

Bayes,  Joshua,  1671-1761,  a  Presbyterian  minister, 
was  one  of  the  writers  who  completed  Matthew  Henry's 
Commentary  on  the  Holy  Scriptures.  He  pub.  a  work 
against  Popery,  1735,  2  vols.  Svo. 

Bayes,  Rev.  Thomas*  Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.  Abr., 
1763,  etc. 

Bayfield,  Mrs.  Fugitive  Poems,  1805.  Gleanings, 
<tc.,  1806. 

Bayfield,  R.   Bulwnrke  of  Truth.  &c..  Lon..  1657,  Svo, 

Bayfield,  Robt.  Med.  works.  Lon..  1655,  62,  '3,  '8,  '77. 

Bayford,  A,  F.  Report,  &c..  Oiliee  of  the  Judge, 
Lon.,  iS45.  Svo.  Argument  against  the  Bp.  of  Exeter,  on 
behalf  of  Rev.  G.  C.  Gorham,  2d  ed.,  Lon..  1849,  Svo. 

Bayford,  David.  Con.  to  Memoirs  Med.,  17S9. 

Bayford,  Thos.     Medical  treatises,  Lon.,  1767-72. 
•      Bayldou,  J.  S.     Treatise  on  the  Poor  Kate,  2d  ed., 
Lon.,  1S34,  Svo.     The  Art  of  Valuing  Rents  and  Tillages, 
Ac.,  1825,  Svo.       See  Donaldson's  Agricult.  Biog. 

Baylee,  Joseph.  The  Institutions  of  the  Church 
of  England  are  of  Divine  Authority,  3d  ed.,  improved,  sm. 
Svo.  Duhl.,  is:;8. 

Bayley,  R.  B.    The  Sorrows  of  Eliza,  Lon.,  1811,  Svo. 

Bayley,  C,  D.D.  The  Christian's  Choice,  Manch., 
1801.  12mo. 

Bayley,  Catherine.  Vacation  Evenings,  1809,  3 
vols.  12uio.  Zadig  and  Astarte,  from  the  French  of  Vol- 
Uire,  1810,  Svo. 

Bayley,  Cornelius.  Theolog.  works,  &c.,  Lon., 
1782,  "So,  'SG.  An  Easy  Entrance  into  the  Sacred  Lan- 
guage, &c.,  Lon.,  1782,  Svo. 

Bayley,  Edward,  M.D.    Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1736. 

Bayley,  Er.   On  Fines  and  Recoveries,  Lon.,  1S2S,  Svo. 

Bajley,  t'rancis.     Funeral  Sermons,  1660,  4to. 

Bay-ley,  Frederick  >V.  N.  B.,  1807-1852,  British 

journalist,  tir^t  editor  of   Illustrated   Loudon   News.     1. 

Four  Y'eavs"  Residence  in  the  West  Indies,  1830.     2.  New 

Tale  of  a  Tub,  in  Verse,  16mo  and  4to.     3.  Tales  of  the 

Late   Revolution,  12mo.      4.  Wake  of  Ecstasy;    a  Poem, 

4to.     5.  Little  Red  Riding  Hood.     6.  Blue  Beard,  Ac. 

Bayley,  George.  Guide  to  the  Tongue,  1804,  foL 
The  Young  Mathematician's  Assistant,  1805,  4to. 

Bayley,  Rev.  H.  V.    Sermon,  Manchester,  1S03,  Svo. 

Bayley,  Joel.    Astronom.  Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1769. 

Bayley,  Sir  John,  1703-1841.     A  Summary  of  the 

Law  of  Bills  of  Exchange,  Cash  Bills,  and  Promissory 

144 


Nott'Si  1st  ed..  1789;  5th  ed.,  edited  by  Francis  Bayley, 
Svo,  Lon.,  1830:  2d  American  ed.,  Boston,  1836. 

*' Bayley  on  Bills  is,  no  lioubt,  an  admirable  specimen  of  acco- 
rate  deduction  of  the  principles  to  be  extracted  from  reported  deci- 
sions, and  of  concise  and  lucid  statements  of  those  priuciples." 

Raymond's  Reports,  Jtc. ;  4th  ed.,  Lon.,  1700.  3  vols.  i. 
Svo.     Book  of  Ct)mmon  Prayer,  with  Notes,  1S16. 

Bayley,  John.     The  Forester;  a  Drama,  1798.  Svo. 

Bayley,  John.  History  and  Antiquities  of  the  Tower 
of  London,  Lon.,  1S21-25,  4to ;  2  vols,  with  plates.  Pub. 
at  £f.  Ids.  6d.;  large  paper,  £12  12*. 

"This  e-Kceedingly  beautiful  and  esteemed  work  is  very  scarce 
on  larffe  paper,  and  sometimes  valued  at  more  than  its  published 
price." 

"  That  the  history  of  the  venerable  fortress  could  have  fallen 
into  superior  hanusis  impossible:  for  there  is  a  caution,  an  acute- 
ness,  and  a  judgment  visible  in  the  writing:s  of  Mr.  Bayley,  which 
are  demonstrative  evidence  of  his  accuracy  and  scrupulous  fidelity." 
— Gfiitkman's  Maqazine. 

Bayley,  John,  b.  1814,  in  Eng.  Settled  in  V.  S., 
1836.  Confessions  of  a  converted  Infidel,  &c.  Contrib. 
to  various  journals. 

Bayley,  John  B.  Commentaries  on  the  Laws  of 
England,  in  the  order,  and  compiled  from  the  text,  of 
Blackstone ;  and  embracing  the  new  statutes  and  altera- 
tions to  the  present  time.  8vo,  Lon.,  1840. 

'*  lie  has  applied  the  pruning  knife  so  assiduously,  that  scarcely 
a  leaf  or  branch  remains  of  The  Commentaries.  J-'our  volumes  are 
packed  into  one,  and  his  book  is  a  bold  abridgement  of  a  work 
that,  as  it  is,  the  most  enlightened  jurists  have  pronounced  a 
model  of  excellence  of  legal  composition,  and  wonderful  accuracy 
in  the  statement  of  legal  principles." — Marvin's  Li'(/al  Bibl. 
Bayley,  Peter,  Jr.  Poems,  Lon.,  1803,  Svo. 
''These  pwms  certainly  discover  some  fire,  and  some  power  of 
expression.  If  a  second  edition  should  be  demanded,  we  earnestly 
recommend  to  the  author  a  steady  application  of  the  file  ;  and  au 
endeavour,  in  all  parts  of  his  book,  to  do  better  even  where  he  may 
at  present  conceive,  and  most  readers  will  allow,  that  he  has  don« 
well." — Mmithhi  Eericw. 

Bayley,  Richard,  M.D.,  1745-1801,  an  eminent  phy- 
sician of  Kcw  York,  took  great  interest  in  investigations 
connected  with  the  Yellow  Fever.  He  pub.  Cases  of  the 
Angina  Tracheatis,  with  the  mode  of  Cure,  Kew  Y'ork, 
1781,  Svo.  Essay  on  the  Yellow  Fever,  1797.  Letters  on 
Y^ellow  Fever,  171)8.      See    Thacher's  Med.  Biography. 

Bayley,  Wm.  Employment  of  the  Poor,  Ac,  Lon., 
1757,  Svo. 

Baylie,  Richard.  An  Answer  to  Mr.  Fisher's  Re- 
lation of  a  Third  Conference  between  Bp.  Wm.  Laud  and 
himself.  Lon..  1624.  fol. 

Baylie,  Robert.  Review  of  BramhaU's  Warning, 
Dclph..  1649,  4to. 

Baylie,  Thos,  De  Merito  M.  Christi,  <fec.,  Oxon., 
1626,  4to. 

Baylies,  or  Baylis,  Wm.,  M.D.,  1724-1787,  He 
was  physician  to  Frederic  II.,  King  of  Prussia.  His  ma- 
jesty, on  being  informed  of  the  extensive  practice  which 
Dr.  E.  had  enjoyed,  asked  him  how  rmiuy  he  had  killed. 
The  physician  replied  with  no  little  tact,  "  Pas  tant  que 
voire  majeste."  Short  Remarks  on  Dr.  Perry's  Analysis 
made  on  the  Stratford  Mineral  Water,  &c,,  Stratford-on- 
Avon,  1748,  Svo.  Essay  on  the  Bath  Water,  kc,  Lon., 
1757,  Svo.  Narrative  of  Facts,  Ac,  Bath,  1757,  4to,  His- 
tory of  Bath  Hospital,  Lon.,  1758,  Svo.  Reply  to  a  Pam- 
phlet. Ac,  1759.  Svo.  Facts  and  Observations  relative  to 
the  Small  Pox,  Edin.,  1781,  Svo. 

Baylis,  John.  Four  dramatic  Pieces,  trans,  from  the 
French,  Lon.,  1804. 

Bayly,  Anselm,  sub-dean  of  his  Majesty's  Chapels 
Royal,  pub.  a  numlier  of  educational  and  theological  works, 
Lon.,  1751-89.  The  Old  Testament,  English  and  Hebrew, 
with  Remarks  Critical  and  Grammatical  on  the  Hebrew, 
and  Corrections  of  the  English,  Lon.,  1774,  4  vols.  Svo. 

"It  contains  scarcely  any  information  of  importance  of  a  criti- 
cal nature ;  as  the  not*s.  which  are  placed  under  the  English  text, 
are  very  few  and  short." — Orme. 

Bayly,  Arthur.  Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.  Abr.,  16S5, 
Bayly,    Benjamin,    d.    about   1720.  Rector   of  Sfc 
James's,  Bristol.     An  Essay  on  Inspiration,   Lon,,  1707, 
(anon.,)  2d  ed.  enlarged,  1708,  Svo. 

"  The  internal  and  external  evidences  required  in  a  divine  revo 
lation  are  well  laid  down  in  the  2d  part  of  this  essay." — Kipris. 
Sermons  on  Various  Subjects.  2  vols.  Svo,  1721. 
''  lie  was  a  great  admirer  and  master  of  the  Socratic  way  of  argu- 
ing; his  sense  is  substantial,  his  reasoning  sound,  his  persuasion 
<!ogent." — Cyc.  Bibl. 

Bavly,  Edward,     Sermons,  1749,  '56,  'S3. 
Bayly,  John,  1595-1633,  son  of  Lewis,  Bishop  of 
Bangor,  entered  Exeter  College,  Oxford,  in  1611.     The 
Angel  Guardian.  Lon.,  1630,  4to.     The  Light  enlighten- 
ing. Lon.,  1630,  4tfl. 

Bayly,  Lewis,  d.  1632,  Bishop  of  Buugor,  was  born 


BAY 


BEA 


at  Caermarthen,!ind educated  at  Oxford.  After  officiating 
five  years  at  Evesham  in  Worcestershire,  he  was  conse- 
crated Bishop  of  Baugor  in  1616.  The  Practice  of  Piety. 
This  work  had  an  extraordinary  jjopidarity;  the  51st  ed. 
was  pub.  Lon.,  1714.  Trans,  into  French,  Welsh,  Hun- 
garian, and  Polish. 

Uayly,  Kichard.     Sermon,  Lon.,  1640,  8vo. 

Bayly,  Kobert.  Parallel  of  the  Liturgy,  with  the 
Mass  Book,  1661,  4to. 

Bayly,  Tho.,  d.  1670,  Bishop  of  Killala  and  Achonry, 
Theophilact's  Comments  on  St.  Paul,  Lon.,  1636.  Sermon 
on  Gal.  V.  12 :  preached  before  King  Charles  I.  in  the  time 
of  the  Great  Rebellion,  Lon.,  1707,  Svo. 

Bayly,  Thomas,  youngest  son  of  Lewis,  Bishop  of 
Bangor,  was  educated  at  Cambridge.  In  1638  he  was 
made  sub-dean  of  Wells.  In  1649  he  pub.  Certamen  Re- 
ligiorum,  or  a  Conference  between  King  Charles  I.  and 
Henry,  late  Marquis  of  Worcester,  concerning  Religion,  in 
Ragland  Castle,  1646. 

The  Royal  Charter  granted  unto  Kings  by  God  himself, 
with  a  Treatise  wherein  it  is  proved  that  Episcopacy  is 
Jure  Divino,  1649,  Svo.  This  work  gave  offence,  and  the 
author  was  imprisoned  in  Newgate,  where  he  wrote  his 
Herba  Parietis,  or  the  Wall  Flower  as  it  grows  out  of  the 
Stone  Chamber  belonging  to  the  Metropolitan  Prison, 
fol.  1650. 

Heescaped  to  the  continent,  and  became  a  zealous  Roman 
Catholic,  and  in  16o4  pub.  at  Douay,  the  Eud  to  Contro- 
versy between  the  Roman  Catholic  and  Protestant  Reli- 
gions, &c.    Several  other  woidis  are  ascribed  to  our  author. 

Bayly,  Thomas  Hayncs,  1797-1839,  was  born  near 
Bath,  England,  where  his  father  was  an  eminent  solicitor. 
He  was  intended  for  the  church,  and  studied  for  some  time 
at  Oxford.  After  his  marriage,  in  1826,  he  resided  for 
some  years  at  a  country  seat  in  Sussex.  In  1831  he  ex- 
perienced a  melancholy  reverse  in  his  pecuniary  affairs, 
and  for  the  rest  of  his  life  was  a  sufferer  from  many  mor- 
tifications to  which  poverty  subjects  those  whose  habits 
and  tastes  have  been  formed  amid  affluence  and  elegance. 
His  literary  industry  was  very  great.  In  a  few  years  he 
wrote  no  less  than  thirty-six  pieces  for  the  stage,  several 
Novels  and  Tales,  and  his  "songs  came  to  be  numbered 
by  hundreds."  We  give  the  titles  of  his  publications : 
Aylmers,  a  novel,  3  vols,  post  Svo.  Kindness  in  AVomen, 
tales,  3  vols,  post  Svo.  Parliamentary  Letters,  and  other 
Poems,  12mo.  Rough  Sketches  of  Bath,  12mo.  Weeds 
of  Witchery,  poems,  r.  Svo.  To  which  must  be  added, 
Poetical  Works  and  Memoir  by  his  Widow,  2  vols,  post 
8vo.  Mr.  Bavly's  songs  are  among  the  best  known  and 
most  generally  admired  in  the  language.  Who  is  not  fa- 
miliar with  the  touching  pathos  of  The  Soldier's  Tear; 
We  met. — 'twas  in  a  Crowd ;  Oh,  no,  we  never  mention 
Her;  the  joyous  ahmidon  of  I'd  be  a  Butterfly;  or  the 
good-natured  satire  of  My  Married  Daughter  could  you 
see;  and  Why  Don't  the  Men  Propose? 

"The  poems  and  sonj^s  of  >Ir,  llaynes  Eayly  will  not  be  entitled 
to  a  hiirh  phice  in  tin.'  literiiture  of  oui-  a^:e :  a  certain  air  of  insub- 
Btantiality  attaches  to  thpm  all;  the  pathos  rarely  goes  down  to 
the  springs  of  the  human  feelings,  and  the  humour  scarcely  ex- 
ceeds the  playfulness  which  marks  elegant  society  in  its  dally  ap- 
pearances." 

"  He  possessed  a  playful  fancy,  a  practised  ear,  a  refined  taste, 
and  a  sentimeut  which  ranged  ple-asantly  from  the  fanciful  to  the 
pathetic,  without,  however,  strictly  attaining  either  the  highly 
imaginative,  or  the  deeply  passionate."' — Moir. 

Bayly,  William,  d.  1810,  an  eminent  astronomer, 
accompanied  Capt.  Cook  in  1772,  and  pub.  the  results  of 
his  observations  under  the  title  of  Astronomical  Observa- 
tions on  board  the  "Resolution"  and  "Adventure,"  in  a 
voyage  round  the  world  in  1772.  Lon.,  1774,  4to.  Several 
subscijuent  puldicationg  appeared  upon  the  same  subject. 

Baylye,  Thos.     A  Glympse  of  Paradise,  1710,  Svo. 

Bayuam,  Wm.,  1749-*18i4,  of  Virginia.  Con.  to  Med. 
Journals. 

Baynard,  £d\vard,  M.D.  Profess.  Treatises,  Lon., 
1694-i706. 

Ba>iic,  Alexander,  d.  1737,  Prof.  Law  in  Edin- 
burgh Univ.  Hope's  Minor  Practicks  from  MS.,  with  a 
Discourse  on  the  Rise  and  Progress  of  the  Law  of  Scot- 
land, and  the  Method  of  Studying  it,  1726.  Other  Trea- 
tises, Edin.,  1747,  '48,  '49. 

Bayne,  D.,  or  K.,  M.D.     Prof,  treat.,  Lon..  1727-33. 

Bayne,  or  Baiiie,  James,  1710-1790,  minister  in 
Edinlnirgh.  He  preached  a  sermon  against  Foote's 
"Minor;"  Foote  rejoined  in  "An  Apology  for  the  Minor, 
in  a  Letter  to  the  Rev.  Mr.  Baine,  by  Samuel  Foote, 
Esq.,"  1771.     Discourses  on  Various  Subjects,  1778,  8vo. 

Bayne,  or  Baynes,  Paul,  d.  1617,  was  a  native  of 
10 


London.  He  was  elected  a  Fellow  of  Christ  Church, 
Cambridge,  and  succeeded  the  celebrated  Perkins  as  lec- 
turer of  St.  Andrew's  Church. 

A  Commentary  on  the  1st  chap,  of  the  Epistle  to  the 
Ephesians,  handling  the  controversy  of  Predestination, 
Lon.,  1618. 

"A  useful  Puritan  exposition." — BiCKERSTEtn. 

"Dr.  Sibbs  acknowledges  himself  indebted  to  Bayne,  instru- 
mentally.  for  his  conversion." — Low.ndes. 

Devotions  unto  a  Godly  Life,  Lon.,  1618,  8vo.  Bayne 
also  wrote  a  Commentary  upon  a  portion  of  the  Epistle  to 
the  Colossians,  {1G.'..'».)  and  other  works,  pub.  1618-43. 

Bayne,  Rev.  Peter,  whilst  pursuing  his  theological 
studies  at  Edinburgh,  contributed  to  the  Edinburgh  Maga- 
zine a  number  of  critical  articles  on  the  writings  of  Sir 
Archibald  Alison,  De  Quincey,  Tennyson,  Ruskin,  Mrs. 
Browning,  and  other  authors,  which  attracted  attention 
and  commendation.  Some  of  these  papers  have  been  re- 
printed in  Nos.  2  and  .3.  1.  The  Christian  Life,  Social  and 
Individual,  Lon.,  1855,  p.  Svo;  Bost.,  1857,  12mo. 

*' The  master  idea  on  which  it  has  been  formed  is,  we  deem, 
wholly  original ;  and  we  regard  the  execution  of  it  as  not  less  happy 
than  the  conception  is  good." — Hugh  Miller. 

2.  Essays  in  Biographical  Criticism:  1st  Ser.,  1857, 12mo; 
2d  Ser.,  1858,  12mo.  These  two  vols,  were  pub.  at  the 
request  of  the  Boston  publishers.  See  N.  Amer.  Rev., 
July,  1858.  274. 

"They  indicate  the  traits  of  mind  and  heart  which  render  *Th» 
Christijin  Life'  so  intensely  suggestive  and  vitalizing,  and  at  the 
sjime  time  display  a  critical  power  seldom  equalled  in  comprehen- 
siveness, depth  of  insight,  candid  appreciation,  and  judicial  in- 
tegrity."— iV.  Amer.  Hcv. 

Baynes,  C.  K.  Notes  and  Reflections  during  a  Ram- 
ble in  the  East,  &c.  An  Overland  Journey  to  India.  &c., 
p.  Svo,  Lon.,  1843. 

"  So  many  other  travellers  and  authors  have  preceded  him  over 
every  ini-h  of  his  ground,  that  it  was  impossible  to  have  original 
information  to  communicate." — Literary  Gazdte. 

Baynes,  E.  D.     Ovid's  Epistles,  1818,  vol.  i.  Svo. 

Baynes,  H.  S,  The  Church  at  Philippi,  or  the  Doc- 
trine and  Conduct  of  the  Early  Christians  illustrated;  with 
arecomm.  Tntroduc.  by  J.  P.  Smith,  D.D.,  Lon.,  1834, 12mo. 

"  Intended  to  si?iTe  as  a  historical  commentary  upon  St.  Paul's 
Epistle  to  the  Philippians." 

Baynes,  or  Baines,  Ralph,  d.  1559,  a  native  of 
Yorkshire,  was  educated  at  St.  John's  College,  Cambridge. 

In  1555  he  was,  by  Queen  Mary,  made  Bishop  of  Coven- 
try and  Lichfield.  Previously  he  had  been  royal  professor 
of  Hebrew  at  Paris.  Prima  Rudimenta  in  Linguam  He- 
braicam,  Paris,  1550,  4to. 

Baynes,  Robt.  Discourses,  Moral  and  Religious, 
adapted  to  a  Naval  Audience,  preached  on  board  his  Ma- 
jesty's ship  the  "Tremendous,"  during  the  years  1802,  *03, 
and''04.  Lon.,  1807,  Svo.     A  Fast  Sermon,  1809. 

Baynes,  Roger.  Praise  of  Solitariness,  Lon.,  1577, 
4to.     The  Baynes  of  Agvisgrane,  Aug.,  1617,  4to. 

Baynhani,  WiUiam.  Con.  to  Med.  Tracts,  1791. 

Baynton,  Thomas.     Medical  Works.  3799-1813. 

Beach,  Abraham,  of  Connecticut,  d.  1828.  Hearing 
the  Word.  A  Serm.,  American  Preacher,  iii.  A  Fune- 
ral Serm.  on  Dr.  Chandler,  1790. 

Beach,  John,  of  Connecticut,  d.  1782.  Theolog. 
works,  pub.  1732-72. 

Beach,  Philip.    Letters  to  T.  Burnet,  Lon.,  1736,  Svo. 

Beach,  Thos.     Eugenio;  a  poem,  Lon.,  1737,  4to. 

Beach,  W.  W.     Abradates  and  Panthca,  1765,  4to. 

Beachcroft,  Robt.  P.     Sermons,  1809-16. 

Beacher,  L.     Account  of  V.  Gertru.  Lon.,  1665,  4to. 

Beacon,  R.  Solon  his  Fullie,  or  a  Politique  Discourse, 
touching  the  Reformation  of  Conimon-weales  conquered, 
declined,  or  corrupted,  Oxf.,  1594, 4to.  Dedicated  to  Queen 
Elizabeth. 

Beacon,  Thomas.     See  BEcoif. 

Beadle,  John*  The  Diary  of  a  Thankful  Christian, 
Lon.,  16.56,  Svo. 

Beadon,  Richard,  D.D.,  Bishop  of  Bath  and  "Wells. 
A  Fast  Day  Sermon.  1793.  4to.     A  Sermon.  4to. 

Beak,Francis.Letters  against  Anabaptists, Lon. .1701. 

Beal,  John,  1603-1683,  an  English  divine  and  philo- 
sopher, contributed  many  papers  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1666,  '67, 
"69,  '70,  75,  76.  77. 

Beale,  Bart.  Diseases  from  Vicious  Blood,  Lon., 
1700.  8vo. 

Beale,  John.  Horticult.  works,  Oxf.  &  Lon.,  1653-77. 

Beale,John.  Workon  the  German  Flute,Lon..l812,fol. 

Beale,  laonel  S.,  M.D.,  Professor  of  Physiology  and 
General  and  Morl>id  Anatomy  in  King's  College,  London. 
The  Laws  of  Health  in  their  Relations  to  Mimi  and  Body: 
A  Series  of  Letters  from  an  Old  Practitioner  to  a  Patient, 
p.  Svo. 

145 


BEA 


BEA 


"We  gladly  welcome  Mr.  Beale's  work.  The  observations  are 
those  of  a  most  experienced  and  intelligent  practitioner,  and  do 
equal  credit  to  his  head  and  heart.  It  is  not  to  the  lay  reader  only 
that  Mr.  lieule's  work  will  be  acceptable;  and  we  augur  for  it  an 
extensive  popularity." — Lon.  Lancet. 

Treatise  ou  Distortions  and  Deformities.  8vo.  The  Mi- 
croscope, and  its  Application  to  Clinical  Medicine,  p.  Svo; 
new  ed.,  1857.  r.  Svo.     Other  works. 

Beale,  Anne.  Baronet's  Family,  Lon..  3  vols.  p. 
Svo.  Poems,  12mo.  Vale  of  the  Tuwey ;  or,  Sketches  of 
South  Wales,  p.  Svo.  Simplicity  and  Fascination,  3  vols, 
p.  Svo,  1865. 

Beale,  Mary,  1632-1697,  a  painter  and  poetess,  con- 
tributed to  Dr.  Woodford's  trans,  of  the  Psalms. 
'•  An  absolutely  complete  gentlewoman."- — Woodforb. 
"  That  masculine  poet,  as  well  as  painter,  the  incomparable  Mrs. 
Beale."— OW.vs's  MSS. 

Beale,  Robert,  d.  1601,  a  civilian  and  statesman,  was 
a  zealous  Protestant,  and  on  account  of  his  religious  prin- 
ciples resided  on  the  Continent  during  the  reigu  of  Queen 
Mary.  He  embraced  the  occasion  to  form  a  valuable  his- 
torical library.  He  wrote  a  treatise  on  the  marriage  of 
Charles  Brandon,  Duke  of  Suflfolk,  with  Mary,  the  French 
queen  ;  another  on  the  marriage  of  the  Earl  of  Hertford 
with  Lady  Catherine  Grey;  and  his  discourse  on  the  Pari- 
sian massacre,  in  the  form  of  a  letter  to  Lord  Burghley, 
is  in  the  Cotton  MSS.  in  the  British  Museum.  His  prin- 
cipal work  is  a  collection  of  some  of  the  Spanish  historians, 
entitled  Rerum  Hispanicarum  Scriptores,  France,  1579, 
2  vols.  fol.  Some  letters  of  his  will  be  found  in  Lodge's 
Hlustratious  of  British  History,  and  in  Wright's  Queen 
Elizabeth  and  her  Times. 

Bealey,  Joseph.  Observations,  1790.  Sermons. 1810. 

Beames,  John.     Legal  treatises.  Lon..  1S12-27. 

Beames,  Thomas,     Sermons,  Lon.,  1850,  &c. 

Beamish,  N,  Ij.  Hist,  of  the  King's  German  Legion, 
lS03-Hi,  Lon..  2  vols.  Svo.  Discovery  of  America  by  the 
Northmen  in  the  Tenth  Century,  LK41,  Svo. 

Bean,  Charles.     Sermons,  1707-16. 

Bean,  James.  Theological  works.  1789-1817.  Pa- 
rochial Serms.,  Lon.,  Svo.  Family  Worship:  Morning  and 
Evening  Prayers  for  every  day  in  the  month ;  20th  ed.,  1846. 

Bean,  Joseph,  Massachusetts.     Serm,,  1773. 

Beanus,  or  Beyn,  lirst  Bishop  of  Aberdeen,  d.  1047. 
Dempster  gives  a  list  of  his  writings. 

Bear,  John.     Sermon,  1748,  Svo. 

Bearblock,  James.     On  Tithes,  Lon.,  1S05-09. 

Bearcroft,  Philip,  D.D..  169:r-l761.  master  of  the 
Charter-lLmse,  and  Fellow  of  Merton  College,  Oxford,  pub. 
An  Historical  Account  of  Thomas  Sutton,  Esq.,  and  of  his 
foundation  in  the  Charter-House,  Lon.,  1737,  Svo.  Ser- 
mons, &c..  1726-48. 

Bearcroft,  William.     Fast  Sermon,  1756,  Svo. 

Bean!,  Henry,     Imjjris.  of  Debtors,  Lon.,  1801,  Svo. 

Beard,  J,  R.,  D.D.  1.  Voices  of  the  Church,  Lon., 
1845,  Svo.  2.  Historical  and  Artistic  Illustrations  of  the 
Trinity,  Svo,  3.  Illustrations  of  the  Divine  in  Christianity, 
Svo.  4.  People's  Diet,  of  the  Bible,  2  vols.  Svo.  5.  Ser- 
mons and  Prayers  for  Families,  2  vols.  Svo.  6.  Unita- 
rianism  Exhibited  in  its  Actual  Condition,  Svo.  7.  Religious 
Knowledge,  1S56,  2  vols.  p.  Svo.  S.  A  Revised  English 
Bible  the  Want  of  the  Church  and  the  Demand  of  the  Age, 
1S57.  cr.  8vo.     Other  works. 

Beard,  Richard,  M.D.  Bled.  Con.  to  Phil.  Trans., 
1726. 

Beard,  Thomas,  D.D.,  an  author  of  the  Elizabethan 
period,  is  best  known  as  the  compiler  of  the  Theatre  of 
God's  Judgments,  Lon.,  1597,  4to,  in  which  ho  is  said  to 
have  been  assisted  by  Dr.  Thos.  Taylor. 

"  In  the  third  edit.,  1631,  4to,  from  pajre  542  to  the  end  ia  for  the 
first  tune,  added.  The  4tb,  and  generally  esteemed  best,  edit,  ap- 
peared in  lL>48.  small  4to.'* 

A  Retractive  from  the  Romish  Religion,  Lon.,  1616, 4to. 
Antichrist  the  Pope  of  Rome,  Lon.,  1625,  4to.  Pcdantius, 
1631. 12mo.  Dr.  Beard  was  Oliver  Cromwell's  schot.lmaster. 

Beare,  Matt,  Discourse  of  the  Senses,  Exon.,1710,4to. 

Beare,  Nicholas.     Sermons,  1679-1707. 

Bearne,  Edward.     Two  Sermons,  1726.  4to. 

Beart,  John  A,  Vindication  of  the  Eternal  Law  and 
Everlasting  Gospel,  1707,  12mo.  Elicited  by  Crisp's  Ser- 
mons, pub.  in  1691. 

Beasley,  Rev.  Frederick,  1777-1845.  Prof.  Moral 
Philos.  Univ.  Penna.,  1813-28.  1.  A  Search  of  Truth  in 
the  Science  of  the  Human  Mind,  1822,  Svo.  2.  Examina- 
tion of  the  Oxford  Divinity. 

Beasley,  Henry,      1.  The  Book    of    Prescriptions, 
2900,  English  and  Foreign.  Lon..  24rao.     2.  The  Pi.cket 
Formulary  and  Synopsis  of  the  British  and  Foreign  Phar- 
macopeias J  5th  ed.,  enlarged,  24mo. 
1« 


■■•  Extremely  useful  as  an  adj  uuct  to  the  shop  library ;  a  pocket 
PharmacopuL'ia  Vniversalis.  containing!;,  in  addition  to  the  officinal 
forniuIiP,  those  magistral  preparatiuus  which  are  so  continually 
required  at  the  hands  of  the  dispenser." — Lon.  Annals  of  C'liemistry 
and  IViaiinncy. 

3.  The  Druggists'  General  Receipt-Book,  3d  ed.  24mo. 
"The  General  Kecc-ipt-Book  is  an  extensive  appendix  to  the 
Pocket  Formulary.     No  Pharmaceutist  who  possesses  the  latter, 
ought  to  be  without  the  former,  for  the  two  form  a  complete  Counter 
Companion." — I^nn.  Annals  of  Pharnuicy. 

Beasly,  Thos,  J.  "Legal  treatises.  Dubl.,  1837-44. 
Lectures  relative  to  the  profession  of  Attorney  and  Soli- 
citor, Svo,  Dubl.,  1S42. 

"These  Lectures  are  fraught  with  valuable  historical  informiv- 
tion  upon  the  origin  of  Attorneys  in  ancient  and  modern  times, 
and  cout.iin  many  valuable  suggfstions  relative  to  their  duties 
and  responsibilities." 

Beasly,  W.     Inclosing  Waste  Lands.  1812. 

Bcatniffe,  John,     Sernmn,  159U,  16mo. 

Beaton,  Beton,  or  Bethnue,  David,  1494-1546, 
Archbishop  of  St.  Andrew's  in  Scotland,  and  Cardinal  of 
the  Roman  Church,  was  educated  in  the  University  of  St. 
Andrews,  and  studied  divinity  at  the  University  of  Paris, 
where  he  took  orders.  According  to  Dempster,  he  wrote, 
1.  Memoirs  of  his  own  Embassies.  2.  A  Treatise  of  Peter's 
Primacy,  and  3.  Letters  to  several  persons.  Of  these  last 
there  are  said  to  be  some  copies  preserved  in  the  King's 
Library  at  Paris. 

*•  Ilis  high  station  in  the  Church  placed  him  in  the  way  of  great 
employments;  his  abilities  were  equal  to  the  greatest  of  these; 
nor  did  he  reckon  any  of  them  to  be  above  liis  merit.  .  .  ,  Uis 
early  application  to  public  business  kept  him  arqnaiuted  with  the 
learning  and  (.'imtroversies  of  the  age." — 1{obeetson. 

His  persecution  of  the  Protestants,  and  especially  the 
death  of  George  Wishart,  was  punished  by  his  assnssina- 
tion  in  his  castle,  in  1546,  by  John  and  Norman  Lesley, 
Peter  Csirmichael,  and  James  Melvil.  See  Biog.  Brit,, 
Mackenzie,  Hume,  Robertson. 

Beaton,  Beton,  or  Bethune,  James,  1517-1603, 
Archbishop  of  Glasgow,  and  nephew  to  the  preceding,  waa 
educated  in  Paris,  under  the  care  of  his  uncle  the  cardi- 
nal. He  is  said  to  have  written,  1.  A  Commentary  on  the 
Book  of  Kings.  2.  A  Lamentation  for  the  kingdom  of 
Scotland.  3.  A  Book  of  Controversies  against  the  Secta- 
ries. 4.  Observations  upon  Gratian's  Decretals.  5.  A  Col- 
lection of  Scotch  Proverbs.  None  of  these  have  been 
printed. — Dempster:  Bto.y.  Brit. 

Beatson,  Lt.-Col.  Alexander.  War  with  Tippoo 
Sultaun,  Lon.,  1800,  4to.  A  work  on  St.  Helena,  Lon., 
1816,  4to. 

*'  This  work  contains  little  el.se  than  statistical,  meteorological, 
and  agricultural,  observations  on  the  Island,  and  plans  for  its 
better  administration  and  cultivation."' 

Beatsou,  John*  Theological  works,  Lon.,  1774,  '77, 
'70,  '89. 

Beatson,  Robt.,  1742-1S18.  Political  Index  to  the 
Histories  of  Great  Britain  and  Ireland,  Edin.,  1786.  Svo; 
3d  ed.,  Lon.,  1S06.  Svo,  3  vols.  This  is  the  best  ed.  of  this 
useful  work,  which  is  a  compilation  from  Dugdale's  Sum- 
mons to  Parliament.  The  Historical  Register,  and  works 
of  like  character.  Haydy's  Book  of  Dignities  is  founded 
upon  the  Political  Index.  Naval  and  Military  Memoirs 
of  Great  Britain.  1727-90,  Lon.,  1790,  3  vols.  Svo;  2d  ed., 
Lon.,  1804,  6  vols.  Svo.  General  View  of  the  Agriculture 
of  the  County  of  Fife,  Edin..  1794,  4to. 

"  Many  useful  observations  on  general  agriculture;  the  lease  of 
land  is  well  discussed." — Donaldson's  Agricidi.  Biog. 

Mr.  B.  imb.  some  other  works. 

Beattie.     Aristotelis  de  Rhetorica,  Camb.,  1728,  Svo. 

Beattie,  James,  LL.D..  &c.,  1735-1803,  was  born  at 
Laurencekirk,  in  Kincardineshire,  Scotland,  on  the  20th  of 
Octol)er.  His  father  was  a  shopkeeper  and  farmer,  and  ia 
said  to  have  been  something  of  a  poet,  though  never  dis- 
tinguished for  his  productions.  In  1749  .lames  was  sent 
to  the  Marischal  College,  at  Aberdeen,  where  he  remained 
for  four  years.  He  studied  clivinity  with  the  intention  of 
taking  orders,  but  relinqul.'^hed  this  idea.  In  1758  he  ob- 
tained the  situation  of  usher  in  the  grammar-school  of 
Alterdcen,  and  two  years  later  was  honoured  by  the  ap- 
pointment of  Professor  of  Moral  Philosophy  and  Logic  in 
Marischal  College,  which  post  he  retained  until  within  a 
short  period  of  his  death.  In  1760  ho  pub.  a  volume  of 
poems,  the  most  of  which  had  appeared  anonymously  in 
the  Scot's  Magazine.  A  portion  of  these  were  rej)riuted  in 
1766,  with  the  addition  of  a  translation  of  one  of  Addison's 
pieces,  and  some  verses  on  the  death  of  Churchill.  These 
last,  and  indeed  almost  all  of  our  author's  earlier  pieces, 
were  not  deemed  by  him  worthy  of  a  place  in  future  edi- 
tions of  his  works.  In  1765  he  pub.  a  poem  entitled  The 
Judgment  of  Paris.  The  design  was  good.  Imt  the  poetry 
was  not  considered  equal  to  the  moral.     In  1767  he  was 


BEA 


BEA 


On  another  occasion,  Johnson  contrasted  Beattie  favour- 
ably with  Roheitson : 


married  to  Jliss  Mary  Dun,  daughter  of  the  rector  of  the 
grammar-school  at  Aberdeen.  Some  two  years  before  his 
marriage  he  became  acquainted  with  the  poet  Gray,  and  a 
friendship  was  estalilished  which  was  dissolved  only  by  the 
death  of  the  Iatt«r  in  1771.     In  1770  he  pub.  his  Essay  on  ■  ,,      ,.  ^  -■      ■."".....^.. .     ..uv, 

Truth,  which  was  intended  as  an  antidote  to  the  skeptical  !  bS%hVc^moTwAL^Se7R.T^t1^o'f  u'r''""™r?  '■!"}'"  "'"^^^ 
Dhilosonhv  of  Hume  ■  he  de^irerl  out  sne  cannot  write  like  [Beattie:]  neitber  can  [Robertson.!'  .  .  . 
piiiiosopuy  oi  iiume  .  ne  aesireil  Such  was  his  sensibility,  and  so  much  was  he  affected  bv  tiitbeti,^ 
To  overthrow  skepticism,  and  establish  conviction  in  its  place;  poetry,  that  when  he  was  reading  Dr.  Beattie's  Hermit  m  mv  nr^ 
f,L°!^'*!°!l°±il'^.':l';fLfr°"'?'!'''*°  ¥??*■■?  »>•  prejudice,  far  I  sence,  it  brought  tears  into  his  eyes The  plrttcuLi"  ^" gt 


'■ '  There  is  more  thought  in  the  novelist  than  in  the  historian, 
ihere  is  but  a  shallow  stream  of  thought  in  history.'    Bosweli,: 
i-"- ■  •ttec'tion?'    JoHxsox:  'Whyj 


'  But  surely,  sir,  an  historian  has  i 


less  to  a  persevering  spirit,  but  such  a  conviction  as  produces  firm- 
ness of  mind  and  stability  of  principle,  in  a  consistence  with  mo- 
deration, candour,  and  liberal  inquiry." 

^  The  success  of  this  work  was  worthy  of  its  excellent  de- 
sign. In  less  than  four  years  it  went  through  five  editions, 
and  had  been  translated  into  several  foreign  languai'es. 
He  received  encouragement  to  take  orders  m  the  Chu'rch 
of  England,  but  declined  the  overture.  In  1760,  Beattie 
wrote  to  Dr.  Blackwall  that  he  had  commenced  "  a  poem 
in  the  style  and  stanza  of  Spenser,"  hut  he  had  "resolved 
to  write  no  more  poetry  with  a  view  to  publication,  till  he 
saw  some  dawnings  of  a  poetical  taste  among  the  gene- 
rality of  readers."  The  first  book  of  The  Minstrel,  thus 
referred  to,  made  its  appearance  in  1771,  and  was  most 
favourably  received.  He  was  honoured  by  the  intimacy 
of  ^Johnson,  Goldsmith,  Reynolds,  and  Garrick ;  .and  in 
1773  received  a  substantial  "token  of  royal  favour  in  the 
shape  of  a  pension  of  £200  per  annum.  "Dr.  Beattie  gives 
a  very  interesting  account  of  an  interview  with  which  he 
was  honoured  by  George  III.  and  the  queen  : 

'•  They  both  complimented  me  in  the  highest  terms  on  my  Essay, 
which  they  said  was  a  book  they  always  kept  bv  them;  and  the 
king  said  he  had  one  copy  of  it  at  Kew,  and  another  in  town,  and 
mimediately  went  and  took  it  down  from  the  shelf.  '  I  never  stole 
a  book  but  once.'  said  his  majesty,  '  and  that  was  yours.'  speak- 
ing to  me.  'I  stole  it  from  the  queen,  to  give  it  to  Lord  Hertford 
to  read.  He  had  heard  that  the  sale  of  Hume's  Essavs  had  failed 
since  my  hook  was  published;  and  I  told  him  what  Mr.  Strahan 
had  told  me  in  regard  to  that  matter." 

The  author  intended  to  add  a  second  part  to  the  Essay 
on  Truth,  but  it  was  never  completed. 

The  second  book  of  The  Minstrel  appeared  in  1774,  and 
was  received  with  as  much  favour  as  the  former.  Shortly 
before  this,  Dr.  Beattie  had  declined  the  offer  of  the  Pro- 
fessorship of  Moral  Philosophy  in  the  University  of  Edin- 
burgh. In  1776  he  pub.  by  a  subscription  of  nearly  500 
names,  a  new  edition  of  his  Essay  on  Truth,  with  some 
other  essays  in  the  same  volume :  On  Poetry  and  Music, 
On  Laughter  and  Ludicrous  Composition,  "and  On  the 
Utility  of  Classical  Learning.  In  1777  a  new  edition  of 
The  Minstrel  was  given  to  the  world, 


:  reading  Dr.  Beattie's  Hermit,  i'u  my  pre- 

ito  his  eyes.  .  .  .  The  — *=—' 

which  excited  this  strong  emotion  was,  as  I  ha\ 

' 'The 


e  :,        .,.,.,         ^.;„'~ '  —  -  -.ave  heard  from  mv 

father,  the  third  stanza,  "Tis  Night,'  &c."— J.  Boswell,  Jr      — 
fourth." — Markland. 


The  Essay  on  Truth  is  now  but  little  read.  The  Edin- 
burgh Revie'wer  of  Sir  William  Forbes's  volumes  censures 
the  Essay  in  no  measured  terms  : 

"Every  one  has  not  the  capacity  of  writing  philosophicallv ■ 
but  everyone  may  be  at  least  temperate  and  candid:  and  Dr  Beat- 
tie  s  book  is  still  more  remarkable  for  being  abusive  and  acrimo- 
nious, than  for  its  defects  in  argument  and  originality.  There  .are 
no  subjects,  however,  in  the  wide  world  of  human  speciUation 
upon  which  such  vehemence  appears  more  groundless  and  unac- 
countable, than  the  greater  part  of  those  which  have  .served  Dr 
Beattie  for  topics  of  declamation  or  invective." 

"  Bejittie.  themost  agreeableand  .amiable  writer  1  ever  met  with 
the  only  author  I  have  seen  whose  critical  and  philosophical  rfr 
searches  are  diversified  and  embellished  Ijy  a  poetical  imagination 
that  makes  even  the  driest  subject  and  the  leanest  a  feast  for  an 
epicure  in  books.  He  is  so  much  at  his  ease,  too.  that  his  own 
character  appears  in  every  page.  and.  which  is  very  rare,  we  see  not 
only  the  writer,  but  the  man ;  and  the  man  so  gentle,  so  well  tem- 
pered, so  happy  in  his  religion,  and  so  humane  in  his  philosophy 
that  it  IS  necessary  to  love  hun  if  one  h.as  any  sense  of  what  is 
lovely.' — CowpER. 

The  Minstrel  was  designed  to  "  trace  the  progress  of  a 
poetical  genius,  born  in  a  rude  age,  from  the  first°dawnin<' 
of  fancy  and  reason,  till  that  period  at  which  he  may  be 
supposed  capable  of  appearing  in  the  world  as  a  minstrel  " 
'•  I  find  you  are  willing  to  suppose,  that,  in  Edwin,  I  have  given 
only  a  picture  of  myself  as  I  was  in  my  younger  days.  I  confess 
tne  supposition  is  not  groundless."— Bcnrtic  tu  Lady  Ibrbes. 

"The  beauty  of  external  nature  was  never  more  finely  worshin- 
ped  than  m  the  conclusion  of  the  ninth  stanza,  which  Gray  truly 
pronounced  to  be  inspired."— £(ftn.  EncijcU^ndia. 
^  Bishop  W.-irburton  pronounced  Dr.  Beattie  to  be  "  supe- 
rior to  the  whole  crew  of  Scotch  metaphysichans  " 
^    Beattie,  James  Hay,  1768-1790,  son  of  the  preced- 
ing, a  "  most  amiable  and  promising  youth."    Miscellanies 
Essays,  and  Fragments,  with  an  account  of  his  Life  and 
Character,  by  James  Beattie,  LL.D.,  Lon.,  1799,  12mo. 

"The  English  poems  display  an  energy  of  expression,  a  viv.acity 
or  description,  and  an  opposite  variety  of  numbers,  far  beyond  the 
years  of  the  author."  ^ 


In  this  edition  was 
comprised  a  selection  of  the  author's  other  poetical  pieces.  Beattie,  William,  M.D.,  the  friend,  fellow-travell 
AJjetter  to  Dr.  Blair  on  Ps.almody  w.as  printed,  but  not  and  biographer  of  the  late  W.  H.  Barllett,  assisted  the 
published,  in  1,78.  AListot  Scotticisms  appeared  in  1779,  |  latter  in  several  of  his  publications.  1.  Residence  in  Ger- 
ana  tiuring  the  next  year  he  contributed  to  the  Mirror  some  j  many,  Lon.,  1822-26,  2  vols.  8yo.  2.  The  Pilgrim  in  Italv 
papers.     His  Eyklences  of  the  Christian  Religion,  2  vols.    12mo.     .3.  The  Castles  and  Abbeys  of  England,  imp   8vo 


Svo,  was  pub.  1786. 

"Dr.  Beattie's  Evidences  of  Christianity  is.  perhaps,  the  most 
popu bar,  as  it  is  certainly  the  most  useful,  of  his  prose  writings."— 
Sir  ^\  M.  Forbes.  * 

In  1790  he  gave  to  the  world  the  first  volume  of  his  Ele- 
ments of  Moral  Science,  edited  a  new  edition  of  Addison's 
periodical  papers,  and  contributed  a  paper  to  the  Royal 
Society  of  Edinburgh's  publications.  Three  years  later 
appeared  the  second  volume  of  the  Elements  of 'Moral  Sci- 
ence. The  death  of  his  two  sons  in  1790  and  1796,  and 
other  domestic  afSiction.?,  greatly  impaired  his  health, 
which  had  been  for  many  years  declining,  and  after  much 
suffering,  he  died  on  the  ISth  of  August.  180:1.  He  pub 
in  1779  the  Miscellanies  of  his  son,  James  Hay  Beattie 
He  was  buried  beside  his  two  sous  in  the  churchyard  of 
fat.  Mcholas,  Aberdeen. 

Of  the  character  of  Dr.  Beattie,  it  is  only  necessary  to 
say  that  he  was  a  phUanthropist  and  a  Christian  of  no 
common  order. 

An  Account  of  his  Life  and  Writings,  with  many  of  his 
etters,  was  pub.  at  Edin.,  2  vols.  4to,  in  1806,  by  Sir  Wil- 
liam Forbes.  We  find  frequent  reference  to  our  author  in 
Boswc  s  Life  of  Dr.  Johnson.  Johnson  remarks  to 
Boswell : 

sho,^d°bfI!  tK  ^^v!  avourite  of  Dr.  Beattie.  Of  Dr.  Beattie  I 
should  have  thought  much,  but  that  his  l.ady  puts  him  out  of  my 

Thr^l'„=^    "-"f  ^"^  '^"1''  """'"' Weall  love  Beattie.    Mrs 

Thrale  says,  if  ever  she  has  another  husband,  shell  h.ave  Beattie. 

iii,»rt  ,  V"  %'"?^t'^."f  y  °°  ■T™"']  i'*.  I  l»lieve.  every  day  more 
hked ;  at  least,  I  like  it  more  as  I  look  more  upon  it  " 

With  this  favourable  opinion  the  author  was  highly 
pleased.     He  writes  to  Boswell : 

"  You  judge  very  rightly  in  supposing  that  Dr.  .Tohnson's  fi, 
vourable  opinion  of  my  book  must  give  me  great  delijht  Indeed 
It  IS  impossible  for  me  to  s.ay  how  much  I  am  gratified  bv  it ;  for 
tdere  IS  not  a  man  on  earth  whose  good  opinion  I  would  be  more 
ambitious  to  cultivate." 


2  Series;  2d  Ser..  1851.  4.  Scotland  Illustrated."  1838^ 
2  vols.  4to.  5.  The  Waldenses  Hlustrated,  1838,  4to.  6. 
The  Danube:  its  History,  Scenery,  &>•..  1844.  12mo.  7.  Life 
and  Letters  of  Thos.  Campbell,  3  vols.  p.  Svo.  See  Bart- 
LETT,  William  IlEsnr. 

Beatty,  Charles.  Journal  of  a  Missionary  Tour  in 
Pennsylvania.  1786.  8vo.     The  Monitor,  1786,  Svo. 

Beatty,  Francis.  Cases  in  Chancery,  Ireland,  Dubl., 
1829.  8vo. 

Beatty,  W.,  M.D.,  1770-1843.  Narrative  of  the 
Death  of  Nelson.  Lon.,  1807,  Svo. 

Beaucliamps,  Lord.    Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1741. 

Beauchesnc,  John  de,  and  John  Balclon.  Booko 
containing  divers  sortes  of  Hands,  &o.,  Lon..  1.570.  4to. 

"  I  apprehend  them  to  have  been  written  by  Mr.  Bcauchesne  a 
BcboolmHSter  in  Blackfriars,  and  cut  on  wood  by  Mr.  Baldon  "— 
Herbert. 

Beauclerc,  Rt.  Rev.  James,  Lord-Bishop  of  Here- 
ford, d.  1787.  Sermon  preached  before  the  Lords,  on  1 
Sam.  XT.  23,  (Jan.  30.)  Lon.,  1752.  4to. 

Beaufort,  D.  A.,  Rector  of  Lym.  Scripture  SufficienI: 
without  Tradition.  The  Norrisian  Prize  Essay  for  1840, 
Lon.,  1S41,  Svo. 

Beaufort,  Daniel  Augustus,  Rector  of  Navan,  in 
the  county  of  Meath.  A  work  on  the  Church  of  Rome, 
Dubl.,  1788,  Svo.  Memoir  of  a  Map  of  Ireland,  &c.,  Dubl 
and  Lon.,  1792,  4to. 

"An  exceedingly  valuable  work,  containing  a  succinct  account 
of  the  civil  and  ecclesiastical  state  of  Ireland,  and  an  Index  of  all 
the  places  which  appear  on  the  author's  map." — Lowndes 

Beaufort,  Rear-Admiral  Sir  Francis,  K.C.B., 
F.R.S.,  ic,  late  Hydrographer  to  the  Admiralty,  d.  1857. 
Karamania;  or,  A  Brief  Description  of  the  South  Coast  of 
Asia  Minor  and  of  the  Remains  of  Antiquity,  Lon.,lS17,8yo. 
"  A  vflluablo  addition  to  the  maritime  geography  and  antiquities 
of  a  part  of  Asia  not  described  hitherto." 

147 


BEA 


BEA 


Beaufort,  John.  The  Daughter  of  Adoption,  Lon., 
ISnu,  4  vols.  12inu. 

Beaufort,  Margaret,  Countess  of  Richmond  and 
Derby,  and  mother  ot  Henry  VII.,  1441-1509.  translated 
frum  French  into  En<,dish,  The  Mirroiir  of  Guide  for  the 
sinfuU  Soule.  printed  by  Pynson.  in  4to.  Treatise  of  the 
Imitation  of  Christ;  printed  at  the  end  of  Dr.  Wm.  Atkin- 
son's English  trans,  of  the  three  first  books,  1504.  A  Let- 
ter to  her  son  is  printed  in  Howard's  Collection  of  Letters. 
Her  Will,  which  is  very  curious,  is  in  the  Collection  of 
Royal  and  Noble  Wills,  p.  376,  1780,  4to. 

"That  she  was  a  zealous  patroness  of  literature  is  obvioiis  from 
the  testimony  of  several  publications  which  were  undertaken  and 
executed  at  the  command,  exhortation,  or  enticement,  of  the  prin- 
cess Margaret." 

"Bight  studious  she  was  in  bokes,  whifh  she  had  in  grete  num- 
ber, both  in  Englysh  and  in  Latin,  and  in  Frensbe;  and  for  her 
exercise,  and  for  the  profyte  of  others,  she  did  translate  divers 
matters  of  Uevocyon  out  of  the  Frensh  into  Englysh." — Bishop 
Fisher's  Momyvpr  Neitii'mhraunce. 

See  Park's  Walpolc's  Royal  and  Noble  Authors. 

Beaufoy,  Henry.     Speeches,  &c.,  1787-S8,  1810-14. 

Beaufoy,  Col.  Mark.  Con.  to  Ann.  Philosoph., 
181.^,-17. 

Beaulieu,  Imke  de,  Chaplain  to  Lord  Jeffries,  and 
Prebendary  nf  Cinu-fster.     Theolog.  works.  1074-1706. 

Beauman,  Wni,     Sermon  on  Mai.  ii.  7. 

Beaumont.     Dutch  Albanus,  Lun.,  1712,  8fo. 

Beaumont,  Alex.     History  of  Spain.  1812,  8vo. 

Beaumont,  Barber.  Provident,  or  Parish  Banks, 
Lon..  1811),  Svo. 

Beaumont, Charles.  The  Coal  Trade,  Lon.,  17S9.4to. 

Beaumont,  Francis,  1585?-1615-16,  and  John 
Fletcher,  1570-1625.  united  themselves  so  closely  during 
life,  that  *'  in  death  they  have  not  been  divided"  by  the 
biographer.  Francis  Beaumont  was  descended  from  the 
ancient  and  noble  family  of  the  name,  whose  residence  was 
at  Grace-Dieu  in  Leicestershire.  His  grand-father.  John 
Beaumont,  was  Master  of  the  Rolls,  and  his  father,  Francis, 
one  of  the  judges  of  the  Court  of  Common  Pleas.  He  was 
entered  a  gentleman-commoner  of  Broadgates'  Hall,  (now 
Pembroke  College,)  O.xford,  Feb.  4,  1596-97.  After  leav- 
ing college  he  became  a  member  of  tlie  Inner  Temple  ;  but 
is  not  sxipposed  to  have  become  very  profoumlly  versed  in 
the  principles  of  jurisprudence.  A  translation  of  the  fable 
of  Salmacis  and  Hermaphroditus  from  Ovid  into  English 
rhyme  and  much  enlarged,  printed  in  1602,  4to,  is  ascribed 
to  his  pen,  though  not  without  question.  Of  Beaumont's 
life  but  very  little  is  known.  He  married  Ursula,  a  daughter 
of  Henry  Isley,  of  Sundridge,  in  Kent,  by  whom  he  left 
two  daughters.  He  died  before  he  had  attained  his  3nth 
year,  and  was  buried  near  the  entrance  of  St.  Benedict's 
Chapel,  Westminster  Abbey,  near  the  Earl  of  Middlesex's 
monument.  Bishop  Curbit  honoured  the  departed  poet  by 
the  following  epitaph  : 

On  Mr.  Francis  Beaumont. 
"  He  that  hath  such  acuteness  and  such  wit 

As  would  ask  ten  good  heads  to  husband  it: — 
*    He  that  can  write  so  well  that  no  man  dare 
Refuse  it  for  the  best, — let  him  beware! 
Beaumont  is  dead!  by  whose  sole  death  appears 
Wit's  a  disea.se  consumes  men  in  few  years !" 

His  brother,  also.  Sir  John  Beaumont,  intimates  that 
the  mental  powers  of  the  poet  were  overtasked : 

"Thou  should'st  have  followed  me,  but  Death,  to  blame, 

Miscounted  years,  and  measured  a2;e  by  fame: 

"     So  dearly  hast  thou  bou;^ht  thy  precious  lines, 

Their  praise  grew  swiftly,  so  thy  life  declines." 

Of  the  collection  entitled  The  Works  of  Beaumont  and 
Fletcher,  (fifty- two  plays,  a  Masque,  and  some  Minor 
Poems,)  Beaumont  alone  wrote  The  Masque  of  the  Inner 
Temple  and  Gray's  Inn,  and  the  Minor  Poems,  it  is  be- 
lieved, with  the  exception  of  The  Honest  Man's  Fortune, 
which  follows  the  play  with  that  title:  this  "challenges 
Fletcher  for  its  sole  author,  and  remains  the  single  undra- 
matic  poem  extant  of  Fletcher's,  unless  we  add  a  few  self- 
commendatory  verses  prefixed  to  The  Faithful  Shepherd- 
ess." The  Masque  dedicated  to  Sir  Francis  Bacon  was 
acted  and  printed  1612-l.S ;  the  Puems  were  printed  16-40, 
4to ;  1653.  1660,  Svo.  The  most  celebrated  is  the  Letter 
to  Ben  Jonson. 

"lieaumont's  poems  are  all  of  considerable,  some  of  them  of 
high,  merit." — Dr.  Bi.iss. 

"  His  orit!;inal  poems  give  him  very  superior  claims  to  a  place 
in  our  collections.  Alth'"iu;,'h  we  find  some  of  the  metaphysical 
conceits  so  common  in  his  day.  p:ii-(ifiil:nly  in  an  elegy  on  Lady 
Markham,  he  is  in  general  more  lire  tVi.m  ihem  than  his  contem- 
poraries. His  sentiments  are  eleuimt  :ind  refined,  and  his  versifi- 
cation is  unusually  harmnnious.  Where  have  we  more  lively  ima- 
gery, or  in  greater  pn>fusi(tn.  than  in  the  .sonnet.  Like  a  King 
without  a  Finger?  Ilis  amatory  pnems  are  sprightly  and  original, 
ftnd  sumo  of  his  lyrics  rise  to  the  impassioned  spirit  of  Shakspeare 
148 


and  >nUon.     Sir  K.  Brydges  is  of  opinion  that  the  third  song  in 
the  play  of  N  ice  Valour  atforded  the  lirst  hint  of  the  11  I'euseroso." 

John  Fletcher  was  the  son  of  Richard,  successively 
Bishop  of  Biistol,  A\'urcester,  and  London.  He  was  edu- 
cated at  Cambridge,  probably  at  Bene't  College,  and  had 
the  reputation  of  respectable  proficiency  in  the  classics. 
As  many  of  the  plots  of  his  plays  were  taken  from  the 
Spanish,  French,  and  Italian,  it  is  a  fair  inference  that  he 
was  versed  in  those  languages.  It  is  believed  that  he  was 
never  married.  He  died  of  the  plague,  in  London,  in 
1625,  and  was  buried  in  St.  Saviour's,  Southwark.  In  ad- 
dition to  the  pieces  written  exclusively  by  Fletcher,  and 
his  labours  in  conjunction  with  Beaumont,  he  assisted 
Ben  Junson  and  Middleton  in  The  Widow,  and  is  supposed 
to  have  been  also  a  literary  partner  with  Shakspeare,  Mas- 
singer,  and  some  other  authors.  The  Two  Noble  Kings- 
men  was  formerly  very  confidently  attributed  to  Fletcher 
and  Shakspeare;  though  later  opiuiuus  deprive  the  latter 
of  any  share  in  the  authorship.  Still  the  title-page  of  the 
first  edition  carries  the  name  of  both,  and  the  assertion 
seems  to  have  been  unquestioned  by  those  who,  living  near 
the  time,  may  be  supposed  to  have  been  as  good  judges  as 
the  ingenious  skeptics  of  modern  times.  However,  we 
offer  no  oiiinion  upon  the  subject.  Langbaine  declares  that 
Shakspeare  was  one  of  the  authors;  and  the  following  re- 
marks are  worthy  of  consideration  ; 

*■  ^ince  the  truth  of  this  statement  was  never  questioned  until 
modern  times,  although  many  of  tfhakspeare's  friends  were  living 
when  the  play  was  published;  since  all  the  old  critics  mention 
Shakspeare  as  one  of  the  writers  of  it ; — and.  more  than  all,  since 
the  inU'rnal  evidence  fully  bears  out  the  tradition,  we  think  the 
genuineness  of  it  can  scarcely  be  questioned.  If  Shakspe-are  did 
not  assist  Fletcher,  who  then  did?  None  of  the  plays  which 
Fletcher  alone  wrote  are  composed  in  the  same  style,  or  exhibit 
the  same  lofty  imagination,  and  if  there  were  any  other  dramatist 
save  shakspeare.  who  could  attain  to  such  a  height  of  excellence, 
he  has  certainly  handed  down  none  of  his  compositions  to  pos- 
terity. If  Shakspeare  did  not  write  part  of  it,  all  we  can  say  is, 
that  his  imitators  went  very  near  to  rival  himself" — Cunriingham's 
Biog.  Hist,  of  Eiig. 

We  have  stated  that  after  deducting  from  "  The  Works 
of  Beaumont  and  Fletcher"  those  compositions  of  which 
Beaumont  was  sole  author,  (and  the  one  nndramatic  poem 
of  Fletcher's,)  we  have  remaining  fifty-two  plays.  Mr. 
Darley  remarks : 

"  Out  of  the  fifty-two  play.s  Beaumont  had  no  share  in  the  first 
nine  here  set  down,  it  may  be  said  with  little  hesitation,  and  with 
none,  in  the  next  nine — making  in  all  dgldeen." 

The  Loyal  Subject.  Fii'st  represented  in    1618. 

The  Island  Puincess.  *'  1621. 

The  Pilgrim.  "  1621, 

The  Wildgoose  Chase.  '*  1621. 

The  Beggar's  Busn.  "  1622. 

The  Wo^fAN"s  Prize;  or,  The  Tamer  Tamed. 
The  Mad  Lover. 
Lover's  Pilgrimage. 
The  Night  Walker. 
The  Faithful  Shepherdess. 

The  Prophetess.  Produced  the  14th  May,  1622. 

The  Sea  Voyage.  "  22d  June,  1622. 

The  Spanish  Curate.  "  24th  Oct.,  1622. 

The  Maid  of  the  Mill.  "  2yth  Aug.,  1623. 

A  Wife  for  a  Moxth.  "  27th  May,  1624. 

Rule  a  Wife  and  have  a  Wipe.    "  I'Jth  Oct.,  1624. 

The  Fair  Maid  op  the  Inn.  "  22d  Jan.,    1625. 

The  Noble  Gentleman.  "  3d  Feb.,    1625. 

"  For  this  latter  set  of  dates  we  have  Sir  Henry  Herbert,  the 
licenser's,  manuscript,  as  authority;  which  also  decides  the  corre- 
sponding dramas  to  be  by  Fletcher  alone,  except  the  ^Maid  of  the 
Mill,  wherein  he  had  Rowley's  assistance.  That  the  Faithful 
Shepherdess  was  Fletcher's  sole  production,  there  is  no  doulit.  and 
every  evidence.  Two  other  plays  by  him,  licensed  in  162^,  are 
lost, — The  Devil  of  Lowgate;  or,  Usury  put  to  Use,  and  The  Wan- 
dering Lovers.  For  the  former  set  of  dates  we  have  authority  not 
so  direct,  but  sufficient;  and  Fletcher  seems  to  have  written  with- 
out help  all  the  dramas,  dated  and  undated,  save  the  last  two, 
which  he  left  imperfect,  and  which  Malone  says  were  finished  by 
Sherley.  These  lii^hteen  plays,  therefnro,  furnish  criticism  a  fair, 
broad  ground  w  li.rrii|ii>ii  ti' jiid'.:e  nf  Fletrbrr's  individual  style. 
We  may  perli;ips  :v\i\  I'lie  \\  ('111:111  Il.iti-r,  pr-iiiuced  alwut  1G06-7. 
Concerning  the  ntber  Ihirty-three  dramas,  (half  a  dozen  excepted,) 
we  can  ascertain  the  times  of  their  representation,  or,  at  least, 
publicjition,  with  various  degrees  of  precision;  but  it  is  difficult 
to  apportinn  their  authorship — I  might  say,  impcssible — though 
easy  enough  to  hypothesize,  and  yet  easier  to  pronounce  about 
it,  .  .  .  Besides  the  above-mentioned  definite  class  of  Eighteen 
attril)utable  almost  entirely  to  Fletcher.  I  shall  mark  out  another  of 
nine,  all  of  which  may  h;ivi'  Ix-m  pnrlly  written  by  Beaumont,  as 
they  were  composed  or  mad*'  pulilic  lietnro  his  death,  and  some  of 
them  even  claim  him  for  their  i  Inef  author  on  good  evidence." 
The  Knight  of  the  Burning  Pestle.  First  rep.  in  1611. 
Philaster;  or,  Love  and  Madness.  Rep.  before  1611. 
,  The  Maid's  Tragedy.  *'  1611. 


BEA 


BEA 


King  and  No  King. 

The  Honest  Man's  FonTONE. 

Thk  Coxcomb. 

Cui'in's  Revenge. 

The  Captain. 

The  Scornful  Lady. 


Licensed  in  1611.  ' 

"  1613. 

Acted  first  iu  1013, 

1613. 

"  1613. 

Published  in  1616. 


Written  before  1611. 

it  i,' 

Probably  before  1611. 
Licensed  in     " 

1613 
Acted  first  1613 

ii  tt  it 

Printed  1616. 


'*  I  add  The  Scornful  Lady,  thnuirh  not  published  fill  after  the 
denth  of  Beaumont,  because  it  \\;is  uiitl.'n  smiiu-  yeais  earlier ;  and 
I  ouiitthe  Woman  Hater,  th-iii;!!  [luMisInd  li.fuie  tliat  epueh,  be- 
cause he  is  und.rstii'Hl  to  ha\c  li.ui  no  shaie  iu  this  work." 

"  Even  from  Ih.-  al^uve  small  class  we  can  select  hut  three  dramas, 
Terified  as  joint  r<iiii[msilii'ns  ot  our  En^lisli  It-iinnit  and  Pt/(htas, 
to  wit,  Philaster.  The  Maids  Trajredy,  Kin^j;  and  No  King.  The 
former  two.  indeed,  if  they  be  not  equi-vahtabh-  with  all  the  other 
plays  tofrether  of  this  collection,  are  beyond  duubt  those  on  which 
has  depended,  and  ever  will  depend,  ils  priueipal  charm,  and  the 
cbiet  rennwu  of  Htaumont  and  Fletcher.  King  and  No  King  also 
renders  ilieir  t^enjus  apparent  in  its  brightest  phase.  Critics,  how- 
ever, gu  fui  ther  than  1  can.  They  affirm  thatof  the  fifty-two  plays, 
those  under-named — sixteen  or  seventeen  (if  we  in<  lude'l'lie  Knight 
of  the  Burning  Pestle) — vindicate  the  time-honoured  till.-  uf  our 
Tolume.  Ueaumont.  it  is  thnught,  was  co-parent  to  these,  but  no 
more  than  these.  1  will  particularize  such  of  their  dates  as  have 
teeu  ascertained." 

The  Knigut  of  the  Burning  Pestle.     First  represented 

iu  1611. 
Philaster. 

The  Maid's  Tragedy. 
Four  Plays  in  One. 
King  and  No  King. 
The  Honest  Man's  Fortune. 
The  Coxcomb. 
Cupid's  Revenge. 
The  Scornful  Lady. 
Wit  without  Money. 
Wit  at  several  Weapon.s.  .    «         « 

The  Little  French  Lawyer.  "         " 

The  Custom  of  the  Country.  "         " 

Bonduca.  "        " 

The  Laws  of  Candy.  "        " 

The  Knight  op  Malta.  "         " 

The  Faithful  Friends.  "         " 

"  Partnership  in  but  seventeen  out  of  fifty-two  plays  gives  Beau- 
mont small  apparent  claim  on  the  total  joint-stock  reputation.  It 
seema  possible,  however,  that  some  others,  not  lirought  out  till 
after  his  death,  may  have  been  planned,  and  partly  or  wholly 
written,  with  his  co  operation  before  it." — Introduction  to  Moxon's 
editum,  Lon.,  1839,  2  vols.  t>vo. 

Beaumont  vras  author,  in  addition  to  his  works  aheady 
named,  of  a  drama  entitled  The  History  of  Mador,  King 
of  Great  Britain,  now  lost.  Several  other  compusitiuus 
have  been  attributed  to  our  literary  partners,  as  well  as  to 
Fletcher,  in  conjunction  with  others;  in  The  History  of 
Cardenio,  Shakspenre  is  said  to  have  been  bis  coUengue. 
(See  Barley's  Introduction,  and  Weber's  edition,  Lon..  1S02, 
8vo,  1814,  14  vols.)  This  edition  was  severely  handled  by 
Giflbrd  and  Oct.  Gilchrist. 

We  have  already  mentioned  the  early  editions  of  Beau- 
mont's Poems.  The  Golden  Remains  of  Francis  Beau- 
mont and  John  Fletcher,  2d  edit.,  with  other  Drolleries  hy 
severall  Wits  of  these  present  Times,  was  pub.,  Lon.,  1660, 
8vo.  The  first  collected  edition  of  the  comedies  and  tra- 
gedies was  pub.,  Lon.,  1647,  folio,  with  portrait  of  Fletcher. 
This  edition  contains  a  dedication  by  ten  comedians  to 
Philip,  the  Earl  of  Pembroke  and  Montgomery.  It  was 
edited  by  John  Shirley,  and  contained  86  plays,  printed 
for  the  first  time.  Also,  Lon.,  1650,  in  4to;  1679.  foliu; 
1711,  7  vols.  8vo;  with  notes  by  Theobald,  Seward,  and 
Sympson,  1750,  10  vols.  Svo;  with  notes  by  various  com- 
mentators, 1778, 10  vols.  8vo,  edit,  by  George  Colman  ;  edit, 
by  Theobald,  1780,  10  vols. ;  with  notes  by  Henry  Weber, 
1812,  14  vols.  8vo,  with  portraits;  edited  by  Dyce.  1843- 
46,  11  vols.  8vo.  Moxon's  beautiful  edition,  1839.  has 
been  before  referred  to.  This  enterprising  and  highly 
respectable  publisher  has  issued,  in  the  same  superior 
style,  the  works  of  Shakspeare,  Ben  Jonson,  Bryden, 
Spenser,  Massinger  and  Ford,  Wycherley,  Congreve,  Van- 
brugb.  and  Faniubar.  To  some  of  the  works  of  this  selec- 
tion there  are  such  grave  objections,  that  we  cannot  desire 
their  circulation,  and  there  is  hardly  one  author  of  the 
whole  to  whom  the  pruning-knife  should  not  be  applied 
before  ho  becomes  an  inmate  in  the  domestic  circle.  Our 
remarks  upon  certain  dramatic  writers  (see  Collier, 
Jerkmy)  may  be  consulted  in  this  connexion. 

The  friendship  existing  between  Beaumont  and  Fletcher 
was  of  the  most  endearing  kind.  Aubrey  tells  us,  in  his 
remarks  upon  Beaumont, 

"There  was  a  wonderful  consimility  of  phansy  between  him  and 
Mr.  Jo.  Fletcher,  which  caused  that  dearnesse  of  friendship  between 
them.  I  have  heard  Dr.  Jo.  Earle  (since  Bish.  of  Sarum)  say,  who 
knew  them,  that  his  maine  businesse  was  to  correct  the  overflow- 
ings of  Mr.  Fletchei-'s  witt.    They  lived  together  on  the  Banke  side, 


not  far  from  the  play-house,  Imfh  bachelors,  lay  together,  .  .  .  the 
same  cloathsand  cloake,  Ac,  between  them." 

We  proceed  to  quote  the  opinions  of  a  number  of  writers 
upon  the  works  of  our  distinguished  poet.  Shirley,  in 
the  preface  to  the  first  collected  edition,  (1647  see  ante,) 
after  a  laboured  description  of  the  constituents  of  true 
poetry,  remarks, 

"  This,  you  will  say,  is  a  vast  comprehension,  and  hath  not  hap- 
pened in  many  years.  Pe  it  then  remembered  to  the  glory  of  our 
own,  that  all  these  are  di  iimnstrative,  and  met  in  ]!eaiiui'(mt  and 
Fletcher,  whnui  but  t^  nhuliun  is  to  throw  aeloud  u]\in\  all  former 
names,  and  bern-ht  p'st.iily;  this  book  being,  wil  hunt  llaltery, 
the  greatest  iiKiiiuiiient  ol  Ibe  scene  that  time  and  humanily  have 
produced,  and  must  live,  not  only  the  crown  and  sole  reputation 
of  our  own,  but  the  stain  of  all  other  nations  and  languages." 

We  quote  some  specimens  from  the  Commeudntory 
Verses  prefixed  to  the  works.  Tbc  following  refer  to 
Fletcher. 

*'  Thou  hast  left  unto  the  times  so  great 
A  legacy,  a  treasure  so  complete. 
That  'twill  be  hard,  I  fear,  to  prove  thy  will: 
Men  will  be  wrangling,  and  in  doubting  still, 
Uow  so  vast  sums  of  wit  were  left  behind. 
And  yet  nor  debts,  nor  sharers,  they  can  tind." 

Henry  Moody,  B.uit. 
"  Then  shall  the  country,  that  poor  tennis-ball 
Of  angry  fate,  receive  thy  pastoral!, 
And  from  it  leaiii  those  melancholy  strains 
Fed  the  attiiitril  souls  of  primitive  swains. 
Thus  the  mIjm).-  wi^rld  to  reveience  will  flock 
Thy  tragic  Vmskin  and  thy  comic  sock: 
And  winged  fame  unto  posterity 
Transmit  but  only  two,  this  age  and  thee." 

Thomas  Peyton. 
"And,  by  the  court  of  Muses  be  't  decreed. 
What  graces  spring  from  poesy's  richer  seed, 
When  we  name  Fletcher,  shall  l>e  so  proclaim'd. 
As  all  that's  royal  is,  when  Caesar's  named." 

KoiiERT  Stapylton,  Knt. 
"Jonson,  Shakspeare.  and  thy.self  did  sit, 
And  sway'd  in  the  triumvirate  of  M'it. 
Yet  what  from  Jonson's  oil  and  sweat  did  flow, 
Or  what  more  easy  Mature  did  bestow 
On  Jfhakspeare's  gentler  muse  in  thee  full  grown 
Their  graces  both  appear." — J.  Deniiam. 
"  Fletcher,  to  thee,  we  do  not  only  owe 
All  these  good  plays,  but  those  of  others  too: 
Thy  wit  repeated,  does  support  the  stage. 
Credits  the  last,  and  entertains  this,  age. 
No  worthies  form'd  by  any  muse,  but  thine, 
Could  purchase  robes  to  make  themselves  so  fine." 

Et>m.  Waller. 
"  Fair  star,  ascend  I  the  joy.  the  life,  the  light 
Of  this  tempestuous  age,  this  dark  world's  sightl 
Oh  from  thy  crown  of  gloi-y  dart  one  flame 
May  strike  a  sacred  reverence,  whilst  thy  name 
(Like  holy  tiamens  to  their  god  of  day) 
We,  bowing,  sing;  and  whilst  we  praise,  we  pray." 

Kicii.  Lovelace. 
The  bad  taste,  if  not  impiety,  of  this  apostrophe  is  not 
at  all  singular  in  our  old  writers.     We  quote  the  compli- 
mentary epistle  of  Ben  Jonson  in  answer  to  Beaumont's 
letter  to  the  former  on  Tbc  Fox  : 

"To  Mn.  Francis  Beaumont. 
"  How  I  do  love  thee.  Beaumont,  and  thy  Muse. 
That  unto  me  dost  such  religion  use! 
Ilow  I  do  fear  myself,  that  am  not  worth 
The  least  indulgent  thought  thy  pen  drops  forth  I 
At  once  thon  makest  me  happy,  and  unmakest, 
And  \xu  ing  largely  to  me.  more  thou  takest : 
\Vhat  late  is  mine  that  so  itself  bereaves? 
What  art  is  thine,  that  so  thy  friend  deceives? 
■\\'hen  even  there,  where  most  thou  praisest  me 
For  writing  better.  I  must  envy  thee!" 
We  do  not  discontinue  quotations  from  want  of  matter, 
for  of  the  Commendatory  Verses  inscribed  to  Fletcher,  to 
Beaumont,  and  to  both  together,  there  are  no  less  than 
twenty-five  sets ! 

Gerard  Langbaine  tells  us, 

'•To  speak  first  of  Mr.  Beaumont,  he  was  master  of  a  good  wit, 
and  a  better  judgment;  he  so  admirably  well  understood  the  art 
of  the  stage,  that  even  Jonson  himself  thought  it  no  disparage- 
ment to  submit  his  writings  to  his  correction.  .  .  .  Mr.  Fletchei-'s 
wit  was  equal  to  Mr.  Beaumont's  judgment,  and  was  so  luxuriant, 
that,  like  superfluous  branches,  it  was  fretiuently  piun'd  by  his 
judicious  partner.  These  poets  perfectly  understood  breeding, 
and,  therefore,  successfully  copy'd  the  conversation  of  gentlemen. 
They  knew  how  to  describe  thr  manners  of  the  age;  and  Fletcher 
had  a  peculiar  talent  in  expressing  all  his  thoughts  with  life  and 
briskness." — Jcanmt  of  Dramaf.  I^ets.  1601. 

With  reference  to  Jonson's  deference  to  Beaumont's 
judgment,  we  may  barely  refer  to  the  amusing  error  of 
Bryden,  who  will  have  it  that  "  Rare  Ben"  submitted  "all 
of  his  plots"  to  the  supervision  of  his  sagacious  friend; 
which. Mr.  Darley  truly  remarks, 

"Would  prove  our  author  indeed  a  precocious  genius,  as  Every 

Man  in  His  Humour  was  produced  in  1596,  when  Beaumont  was 

but  ten  years  old.     But  Diyden  seems  to  have  been  the  loosest 

speaker,  not  an  intentional  liar,  among  all  our  great  literati." 

Dryden  tells  us  that  Beaumont^  and  Fletcher's  plays  in 

1-19 


BE  A 


BEA 


his  time  were  the  most  pleasing  and  frequent  entertain- 
ments uf  the  st:ige,  two  of  theirs  being  acted  through  the 
year  for  one  of  Shakspeare's  or  of  Jonson's.  Sir  John  Ber- 
keuhead  has  no  hesitation  in  avowing  his  preference  for 
Fletcher  above  Shalispeare : 

'•  Brave  Shakesju-ar  llow'd.  yet  had  his  ebbings  too, 
Often  above  himself,  sometimes  below; 
Tkou  always  best.  .  .  , 

Shakespear  was  early  up.  and  went  so  drest 
As  for  these  daummg  hours  he  knew  was  best ; 
But  when  the  sun  shone  forth,  you  too  thnu;i;ht  fit 
To  wear  just  robes,  aud  leave  o£f  trunk-hose  wit." 
Mr.  Cartwright  is  of  the  same  mind: 
"  Sbakespear  to  thee  was  dull,  whose  best  jest  lies 
1'  th'  Ladies' que-stions,  and  the  Fool's  replies; 
Old-fashioned  wit.  which  walked  from  town  to  town, 
In  turu'd  hose,  which  our  latheis  caird  the  Clown; 
"VVhose  wit  our  nice  times  would  obsceneness  call, 
And  which  made  bawdry  pass  for  comical. 
Nature  was  all  his  art;  thy  vein  was  free 
As  his,  but  without  his  scurrility." 

This  commendation  for  decency,  as  contrasted  with 
Shakspeare,  is  so  exceedingly  preposterous,  that  we  cannot 
but  wonder  whether  Cartwright  ever  really  perused 
Fletcher's  writings.  Kymer  criticizes  The  Maid's  Tragedy, 
The  Chances,  and  Valentinian,  with  great  severity.  He 
sent  one  of  his  reviews  to  Dryden,  who,  in  the  blank  leaves 
before  the  beginning  and  after  the  end  of  the  book,  made 
several  remarks,  as  if  he  designed  an  answer  to  that  gen- 
tleman.    The  following  is  not  without  interest: 

■■  iShakespear  and  Fletcher  have  written  to  the  genius  of  the 
age  and  nation  in  which  they  lived;  for  though  nature,  as  he 
[Hymer]  objects,  is  the  same  in  all  places,  and  reason,  too,  the  same; 
yet  the  climate,  the  age,  tin.'  disposilion  of  the  people  to  whom  a 
poet  writes,  may  be  so  diircr.-nt.  ib;it  what  pleased  the  Greeks 
would  not  satisfy  an  Englisli  ;iudiriire." 

We  cordially  concur  in  the  following  censure: 

"Among  the  faults  of  Beaumont  and  Fletcher,  their  want  of 
decency  calls  for  particular  reprehension.  lu  this  respect  thev  are 
fer  more  blameable  than  .Shakespeare.  The  language  they  put  into 
the  mouths  of  the  best  characters  hath  sometimes  a  freedom,  we 
might  say  a  coarseness,  in  it,  which  cannot  be  justified  from  the 
manners  of  the  age,  though  that  circumstance  lias  been  alleged  in 
palliation  of  their  conduct."' 

It  has  been  well  remarked  that 

"  Most  writers  (at  least  those  of  great  abilities)  are  commonly 
so  jealous  of  their  own  productions,  that  they  are  very  unwilling 
to  have  another  share  with  them  in  the  fame  of  a  single  thought 
that  has  met  with  success.  How  great,  then,  must  have  been  the 
resignation  of  our  two  poets;  how  noble  a  sacrifice  must  they 
have  made  to  self-love  in  thus  blending  their  reputations,  and 
each  communicating  to  each  that  light  which  would  have  made 
them  singly  conspicuous." — General  Bintj.  DM. 

"  Almost  every  oneof  Beaumout  and  Fletcher's  fifty-two  dramas 
is  founded  upon  Love.  This  fact  might  even  alone  serve  for  a 
gauge  to  mete  the  genius  of  our  authors.  Among  all  poetic  sul> 
jects,  love  is  the  easiest  to  succeed  with,  being  the  most  popular. 
To  select  it  over-often  is,  therefore,  a  mark  of  weakness;  a  proof 
of  impotence  to  handle  sulijects,  which  interest  less  universally, 
enthusiastically.  No  dramatist  who  has  a  heart  will  eschew  love- 
subjects;  but  they  will  be  always  chosen  by  many  dramatisers 
■who  have  nothing  else.  .  .  .  Beaumont  and  Fletcher  seem  to  have 
caught  one  deep  truth  of  nature.— their  women  are  either  far 
more  angelical  or  diabolical  than  their  men.  They  have  also  deli- 
neated women  much  better,— a  mark,  by  the  bye,  of  their  femiuine 
genius,  if  we  must  not  call  it  effeminate  or  feeble.  .  .  .  Certain  of 
their  lyrics  are  very  good,  especi.illy  the  Anacreontic.  '  God  Lya-us 
ever  young.'  in  Valentinian,  breathes  a  fine  spirit  of  Bacchanalian 
enthusiasm.  But  the  string  our  lyrists  touched  most  often  was 
that  which,  like  the  Teian  bard's,  •  responded  love;'  and  which 
often  did  so  with  exquisite  sweetness — 

'The  very  twang  of  Cupid's  bow  sung  to  it.' 
Indeed,  throughout  their  works,  ■  Venus  the  A'ictnriou.s'  seems  to 
have  been  the  battle-word  on  which  they  relied,  rather  than  *  Her- 
cules the  Invincible,'  though  not  always'  so  successfully  as  Ca'sar." 
— Darley. 

Milton,  doubtless,  was  largely  indebted  to  Fletcher's 
Faithful  Shepherdess  in  his  Conius. 

"True,  those  thoughts  thus  transferred,  frequently  resemble 
motes  in  the  sunbeams,  themselves  fertile  particles",  glittering 
with  a  radiance  not  their  own." 

*'  He  who  has  not  perused  Beaumont  and  Fletcher  can  have  no 
complete  idea  of  the  riches  of  English  poetry;  and  they  are  the 
only  English  dramatists  whose  distance  froni  Shakspeare.  in  his 
more  peculi.ar  excellencies,  is  not  so  immense  as  to  make  the  de- 
scent painful.  .  .  .  Shakspeare  has  few  portraits  so  exquisitely 
beautiful  as  those  of  Aspasia  and  Bellario,  and  not  many  more 
comic  than  tho.so  of  Bessus  and  the  little  French  lawyer.  Their 
grand  excellencies  are  not  so  much  the  depicting  of  character,  as 
a  rich  vein  of  wit;— a  native  elegance  of  thought  and  expression, 
and  a  wandering  romantic  fancy.  deli'j;htful  even  in  its  wildest 
moods.  They  do  not  possess  the  profound  knowledge  of  human 
nature  %vhich  alone  would  have  made  Shakspeare  immortal.  They 
cannot  paint  with  the  brush  of  a  master  the  gradual  progress  of 
a  mind  fmni  confidence  to  suspicion,— from  suspicion  to  jeabuisv. 
—and  from  jealousy  to  madness;  or  the  fearful  workings  of  asoiil  ■ 
racked  between  the  ardent  di>«ire  nf  an  object  which  seems  almost 
Within  the  grasp,  and  thr  drr.i.i  ai.d  alibnm-nce  of  the  path  of 
crune  by  which  that  .ibj.vt  must  b^  attained.  Their  characters 
are  not  so  much  beings  of  lofty  intellect  as  of  deep  passion;  and 


thes^  passions  are  portrayed  not  iu  their  rise  and  gradual  progress, 
but  in  their  highest  mood." — Canning/ha m'g  Bing.  J/,st.  oj  E»g. 

*•  Fletcher  had  an  excellent  wit,  which,  the  back  friends  to  stage- 
plays  will  say.  was  neither  idle  nor  well  employed;  fur  he  and 
Francis  Beaumont,  esquire,  like  Castor  and  Pollux,  (most  happy 
when  in  conjunction.;  raised  the  English  to  equal  the  Athenian 
and  Roman  theatre;  Beaumont  briut;ingthe  ballast  of  judgment, 
Fletcher  the  sail  of  phantasy;  both  compounding  a  poet  to  admi- 
ration."— Fuller's  Wiirtldes. 

The  justice  of  this  apportionment  of  wit  and  judgment 
has  been  questioned: 

"  Since  on  the  oue  hand.  The  JMaid's  Tragedy.  Philaster.  and  the 
King  and  No  King,  iu  which  Beaumont  is  generallv  allowed  to 
have  had  the  chief  hand,  exhibit  more  fancy,  more  of  the  qualities 
by  which  Fletcher  was  distinguished  than  themajority  of  the  other 
plays  which  they  are  known  to  have  written  iuconjuQctiun;  while, 
on  the  other  hand,  those  written  by  Fletcher  alone,  are.  on  the 
whole,  equal  in  point  of  taste  and  judgment  to  most  of  those  in 
which  Beaumont  assisted  him." 

'•  It  cannot  be  denied  that  they  are  lyrical  and  descriptive  poets 
of  the  highest  order;  every  page  of  their  writings  is  ajtoi-ilegium: 
they  are  dramatic  poets  of  the  second  class  in  poiut  of  knowledge, 
variety,  vivacity,  and  effect;  there  is  hardly  a  passion,  character, 
or  situation,  which  they  have  not  touched  in  their  devious  range, 
and  whatever  they  touched  they  adorned  with  some  new  gi-ace^or 
striking  feature:  they  are  masters  of  style  and  versification  in 
almost  every  variety  of  melting  modulation  or  sounding  pomp  of 
which  they  are  capable :  in  comic  wit  and  spirit,  they  are  scarcely 
suipassed  by  any  writers  of  our  age." — Hazlitt  :  ^ige  of  Elisabeth. 

"Their  chai-m  is,  vigour  and  variety;  their  defects,  a  coarseness 
and  grotesfiueness  that  betray  no  circumspection.  There  is  so  much 
more  hardihood  than  discretion  in  the  arrangement  of  their  scenes, 
that,  if  Beaumont's  taste  and  judgment  had  the  disposal  of  them 
he  fully  proved  himself  the  juuior  partner.  .  .  .  But  it  is  not  pro- 
bable th:it  their  departments  were  so  divided.  Still,  however,  the 
scanty  lights  that  enable  us  to  guess  at  what  thev  respectively 
wrote  seem  to  warrant  that  distinction  in  the  cast  of  their  genius 
which  is  made  iu  the  poet's  allusion  to 

'  Fletcher's  keen  treble,  and  deep  Beaumont's  bass.'" 

CiimphelVs  Esaay  on  Ejiglish  Ihetry. 

*'  That  Fletcher  was  not  entirely  excluded  from  a  share  iu  the 
conduct  of  the  diama.  may  be  gathered  from  a  story  related  by 
AViustanley.  that  our  two  bards  having  concerted  the  rouu'h  draught 
of  a  tragedy  over  a  bottle  of  wiue  at  a  tavern.  Fletcher  .s;iid°he 
would  undertake  'to  kill  the  king,'  which  words  beinn  caught  by 
the  waiter,  who  had  not  overheard  the  context  of  their  conversa- 
tion, he  lodged  an  information  of  treason  against  them.  But  on 
their  explanation  that  it  only  meant  the  compassing  the  de.ith  of 
a  theatrical  monarch,  and  their  loyalty  moreover  being  unques- 
tioned, the  affair  ended  in  a  jest." 

We  should  not  omit  to  quote  the  opinion  of  that  very 
competent  critic,  Sir  Walter  Scott : 

"  Beaumont  and  Fletcher  have  still  a  high  poetical  value.  If 
character  be  sometimes  violated,  probability  discarded,  and  the 
interest  of  the  plot  neglected,  the  reader  is,  ou  the  other  hand, 
often  gratified  by  the  most  beautiful  description,  the  most  tender 
and  passionate  dialogue,  a  display  of  brilliant  wit  and  gaiety,  or  a 
feast  of  comic  humour.  The.^^e  attributes  had  so  much  effect  on 
the  public,  tb.at.  during  the  end  of  the  17th  and  the  beginning  of 
the  18th  centuries,  many  of  Beaumont  and  Fletcher's  plays  had 
possession  of  the  stage,  while  those  of  Sh.akspeare  were  laid  upon 
the  shelf" — Article  ^- Drama ^"  Encyc.  Brit. 

We  refer  the  reader  to  Schlegel's  review  of  our  authors; 
a  short  extract  must  suffice  here : 

"  Beaumont  and  Fletcher  were  in  fact  men  of  the  most  distin- 
guished talents;  they  scarcely  wanted  an v  thing  more  than  a  pro- 
founder  seriousness  of  mind,  and  that  arlisti.'  -a^acitv  which  every 
where  observesadue  measure,  to  rank  Ixsiib-  the  greatest  dramatic 
poets  of  all  nations.  They  possesseil  extra<>idiriarv  fecundity  and 
tlexihility  of  mind,  and  a  facility  which,  however,  too  often  degene- 
rated into  carelessness.  The  highest  perfection  thev  have  hardly 
ever  attained;  and  I  should  have  little  hesitation  in  affirming  th.it 
they  bad  not  even  an  idea  of  it:  however,  on  several  occasions 
they  have  approached  quite  close  to  it.  And  why  was  it  denied  them 
to  t.ake  this  last  step?  Because  with  them  poetry  was  not  an  in- 
ward devotion  of  the  feeling  and  imagination,  "but  a  means  to 
obtain  brilliant  results.  Their  first  object  was  effect,  which  the 
great  artist  can  hardly  fail  of  attainiuir  if  h-  is  determined  above 
all  things  to  satisfy  himself" — Dramaiir  LiUratur''. 

The  studentwilldo  well  to  consult,  also,  the  classic  pages 
of  Mr.  Hallam : 

"The  sentiments  and  style  of  Fletcher,  when  not  concealed  by 
obscurity,  or  corruption  of  the  text,  are  very  dramatic.  We  cannot 
deny  that  the  depths  of  Shaksjieare's  mind  were  often  unfathom- 
able by  an  audience:  the  bow  was  drawn  bv  a  matchless  hand,  but 
the  shaft  went  out  of  sight.  All  might  listen  to  Fletcher's  pleas, 
ing.  thouL^h  not  prof.mnd  or  vigorous,  language;  his  thou<;hts  .are 
nnlile,  and  tinged  with  the  ideality  of  romance,  his  metaphors  vi- 
vid. tbniiL'b  soiii,  limes  too  forced;"  he  poi^sesses  the  idiom  of  Eng- 
lisli with.-ut  nui.h  pedantry,  though  in  many  passasres  he  strains 
it  beynmicnmmoiiuse;  his  versification,  though  studiously  irrecru- 
lar.  is  often  rhythmical  and  sweet.  Yet  we  are  seldom  arrested  by 
striking  beauties;  good  lines  occur  in  every  page,  fine  ones  but 
rarely;  we  lay  down  the  volume  with  a  sense  of  admiration  of 
what  we  have  read,  but  little  of  it  remains  distinctlv  in  the  me- 
mory. Fletcher  is  not  much  quotod.  and  b:ts  not  even  afforded 
copious  materials  to  those  who  cull  the  beauties  of  ancient  lore. 
In  variety  of  char-actcr  there  can  be  no  comparison  between  Fletcher 
and  Shakspeare.'" — Literary  History  of  Europf. 

Another  eminent  critic  is  of  opinion  that  Fletcher  mo- 
delled his  plays  upon  Shakspeare's  comedies: 

"  It  was  these,  with  their  idealized  truth  nf  character,  their  poetic 
beauty  of  imagery,  their  mixture  of  the  grave  with  the  playful  in 


BEA 


BEA 


thought,  their  rapid  and  skilful  transitions  from  the  trasic  to  the 
comic  in  feeling;  it  was  these,  the  pictures  in  which  Phakspeare 
had  made  his  nearest  approach  to  portrayiuj;  actual  life,  and  not 
those  pieces  in  which  he  transports  the  iniaii:i nation  into  his  own 
Tast  and  awful  world  of  tragic  action,  and  sufferinp;,  and  emotion 
^that  attracted  Fletcher's  fancy,  and  proved  congeni:il  to  his  cast 
of  feeling."—!.  B.  Macaulat. 

"  Whatever  may  be  their  just  place  as  dramatists.  Beaumont  and 
Fletcher  were  better  poets  than  any  of  thi^ir  dramatic  contempora- 
ries, except  Shakspeare  himself  They  mounted  higher  on  the 
wings  of  ideal  contempiation.  None  can  be  compared  to  them  for 
exuberance  and  ^nice  of  fancy,  none  for  their  delicacy  and  tender- 
Dess  of  feeling  in  passages  of  emotion." 

How  much  is  it  to  be  lamented  that  poets  of  such  rare 
endowments  should  have  debased  the  muse  to  the  shock- 
ing licentiousness  which  disfigures  passages  otherwise  of 
marvellous  beauty  !     Professor  Shaw  justly  remarks  : 

"Nor  is  it  much  palliation  to  consider  this  licentiousness  of 
speech  as  the  vice  of  the  times.  It  is  true  that  the  charge  of  in- 
decency may  be  safely  maintained  against  nearly  all  the  writers 
of  this  wonderful  period,  and  we  know  that  the  stage  has  a  pecu- 
liar tendency  to  fall  into  this  error;  but  Shakspeare  has  .shown  us 
that  it  is  very  possible  to  avoid  this  species  of  pruriency,  and  to 
pourtray  the  female  character  not  in  its  warmth  only  and  its  ten- 
derness, but  also  in  its  purity.  The  most  singular  thing  is,  that 
many  of  the  more  indelicate  scenes  and  much  of  the  coarsest  lan- 
guage in  Beaumont  and  Fletcher  will  be  fiiund  to  have  been  com- 
posed with  the  express  purpose  of  exhibiting  the  virtue  and  pu- 
rity of  their  heroines." — Outlines  of  Eng.  Literature. 

"  There  may  be  quoted  from  them  many  short  passages,  and 
some  entire  scenes,  as  delightful  as  any  thing  in  the  range  of  poe- 
try;  sometimes  pleasing  by  their  rich  im.agery,  sometimes  by  their 
profound  pathos,  and  not  unfrequently.  by  their  elevation  and 
purity  of  thought  and  feeling.  But  there  are  very  few  of  the  plays 
whtise  stories  can  be  wholly  told  wttbout  ofTence;  and  there  is  none 
that  should  be  read  entirely  by  a  young  person." — Spalding's  Hist. 

This  unhappy  mingling  of  nobility  of  style  and  eleva- 
tion of  sentiment  with  vulgarity  of  incident  and  obscenity 
of  language — this  unsightly  admixture  of  the  "fine  gold 
of  the  bead"  with  the  "  clay  of  the  feet,"  to  borrow  a  simile 
from  the  inspired  vision  of  the  propbet  of  the  Captivity, 
will  ever  be  regretted  by  all  who  desire  that  literature 
should  be  the  hand-maid  of  morality,  and  intellectual  re- 
finement the  coadjutor  of  religious  truth. 

We  close  our  sketch  of  these  great  dramatists  with  the 
beautiful  comparison  of  Mr.  Campbell : 

*'  There  are  such  extremes  of  grossness  and  magnificence  in  their 
dramas,  so  much  sweetness  and  beauty  interspersed  with  views 
of  nature  either  falsely  romantic  or  vulgar  beyond  reality ;  there  is 
so  much  to  animate  and  amuse  us,  and  j'et  so  much  that  we  would 
willingly  overlook,  that  I  c^annot  help  comparing  the  contrasted 
impressions  which  they  make  to  those  which  we  receive  from  visit- 
ing some  great  and  ancient  city,  picturesquely  hut  irregularly 
built,  glittering  with  spires,  and  surrounded  by  gardens,  but  ex- 
hibiting in  many  quarters  the  lanes  and  haunts  of  wretchedness. 
They  have  scenes  of  wealth  and  high  life,  which  remind  us  of 
courts  and  palaces  frequented  by  elegant  females  and  high-spirited 
gallants,  whilst  their  old  martial  characters,  withCaractacusin  the 
midst  of  them,  may  inspire  us  with  the  same  sort  of  regard  which 
we  pay  to  the  rough-bewn  magnificence  of  an  ancient  fortress." 

Beaumont,  Francis  William  C.  E,,  b.  1814. 
Improvement  of  Bubliu  Bay,  1840.  Tracts  on  Common 
Road  LocomotiTes. 

Beaumont,  G.  The  Law  of  Life  and  Fire  Insurance, 
2d  ed.,  Lou.,  1846.     Copyhold  Tenure.  Lon.,  1835. 

Beanmont,  G.  D,  B.  Code  of  Real  Property,  Lon., 
1827,  8vo. 

Beaumont,  Sir  Harry,  a  name  assumed  by  Joseph 
Spence.     See  post. 

Beaumont,  J.  A.  Sermon,  Acts  vi.  7;  MoreBishops, 
more  Priests,  more  Deacons.  How  to  Increase  the  EflB- 
ciency  of  the  Church.     [Visitation.]  8vo,  Leeds.,  1846. 

Beaumont,  J,  F.  A.  Travels  and  other  Works, 
1792-1805. 

Beaumont,  Sir  John,  1582-1628,  was  the  second 
sou  of  Judge  Francis  Beaumont,  and  an  elder  brother  of 
Francis,  the  celebrated  dramatic  poet.  He  was  entered  a 
gentleman  commoner  of  Broadgates'  Hall,  (now  Pembroke 
College,)  Oxford,  in  1696.  After  some  attention  to  the 
study  of  the  law,  he  retired  to  the  family  seat  at  Grace- 
Dieu,  Leicestershire. 

Anth.  Wood  ascribes  to  him  The  Crown  of  Thorns,  a 
poem  in  8  books,  never  printed.  His  son  gave  his  father's 
writings  to  the  world,  under  the  title  of  Bosworth  Field, 
with  a  Taste  of  the  Variety  of  Other  Poems,  1629.  Pages 
181-2  are  missing  in  all  copies. 

"The  chaste  complexion  of  the  whole  shows  that  to  genius  he 
added  virtue  and  delicacy." 

"  Bosworth  Field  certainly  contains  many  original  specimens  of 
the  heroic  style,  not  exceeded  bv  anv  of  his  contemporaries,  and 
the  imagery  is  frequently  just  arid  striking.  The  lines  describing 
the  death  of  the  tyrant  may  be  submitted  with  confidence  to  the 
admirers  of  Shakspeare.  Among  his  lesser  poems,  a  few  sparklings 
of  invention  may  now  and  then  be  discovered,  and  his  transla- 
tions are,  in  general,  spirited  and  correct." 

"The  commendation  of  improving  the  rhythm  of  the  couplet  is 
due  also  to  Sir  John  Beaumont,  author  of  a  short  poem  on  the 


battle  of  Bosworth  Field.  It  was  not  written,  however,  so  early 
as  the  Britannia's  Pastorals  of  Browne.  In  other  respects  it  hag 
no  pretensions  to  a  high  rank." — Halhim's  Litfmry  Hidnry. 

"Bosworth  Field  may  be  compared  with  Addison's  Campaign, 
without  a  high  compliment  to  either.  Sir  John  has  no  &ncy,  but 
there  is  force  and  dignity  in  some  of  his  passages." — Campbell. 

''  His  poems  are  written  with  much  spirit,  elegance,  and  har- 
mony."— Wordsworth. 

''Thy  care  for  that,  which  was  not  worth  thy  breath, 
Brought  on  too  soon  thy  much-lamented  death. 
But  ileav'n  was  kind,  and  would  not  let  thee  see 
The  plagues  th.at  must  upon  this  nation  be, 
By  whom  the  Muses  have  neglected  been, 
"Which  shall  add  weight  and  measure  to  their  sin." 

Draytim  tn  Bf^^aumont. 
Beaumont,  John.  Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1676.  '81,  '84. 
Beaumont,  John,  Jr.,  among  other  works,  1693- 

1724.  wrote  a  work  to  prove  the  existence  of  witches  and 
apparitions;  Treatise  of  Spirits,  &e.,  Lon.,  1705,  Svo. 

Beaumont,  Joseph,  D.D.,  1615-1699,  a  descendant 
of  the  ancient  family  of  the  name  in  Leicestershire,  was 
entered  at  Peterhouse,  Cambridge,  at  the  age  of  16.  He 
was  elected  Fellow  and  tutor,  but  was  ejected  in  1643. 
In  1663  he  became  master  of  his  college.  He  attacked 
Dr.  Henry  More's  work.  The  Mystery  of  Godliness,  pub. 
in  1665,  and  for  his  zeal  received  the  thanks  of  the  uni- 
versity, which  elected  him  Professor  of  Divinity.  His 
Poems  in  English  and  Latin  were  pub.  in  1749,  4to,  with 
an  Appendix  containing  comments  on  the  Epistle  to  the 
Colossians. 

"  Ilis  Latin  Poems,  although  perhaps  superior  in  style,  are  yet 
below  the  purity  of  the  Augustan  age." 

His  principal  work  was  Psyche,  or  Ijove's  Mystery,  iu 
24  cantos,  displaying  the  Intercourse  between  Christ  and 
the  Soul.  This  was  begun  in  April,  1647,  finished  before 
the  end  of  March,  1648,  and  pub.  iu  the  same  year,  folio. 
This  poem  was  once  very  popular,  but  has  been  long  ne- 
glected.    Pope  is  reported  to  have  said  of  it, 

"  There  are  in  it  a  great  many  flowers  well  worth  gathering,  and 
■  a  man  who  has  the  art  of  stealing  wisely  will  find  his  account  in 
1  reading  it." 

"  The  number  of  lines  it  contains  is  38,92*2,  being  considerably 
I  longer  than  the  Fairie  Queene,  nearly  four  times  the  length  of 
,  Paradise  Lost,  or  Henry  More's  Poem,  five  or  six  times  as  long  as 
I  the  Excursion,  and  reducing  the  versified  novels  of  modern  times 
to  utter  insignificance."  See  Betrosp.  Review  xi.  2SS-307 ;  xii. 
229-4S;  where  are  cnpious  extracts. 
,  Beaumont,  J.  T.  B.  Political  Works,  <tc..  1803-08. 
I      Beaumont,  Joseph.     Mathemat.  Sleaving  Tables, 

Dubl.,  1712,  8vo. 
!      Beanmont,   Robert.      Love's  Missives   to  Virtue, 
!  with  Essaies,  Lon..  1660.  sm.  Svo. 

"■  The  letters  are  so  full  of  the  common-place  inflation  of  affected 
love-passion,  that  a  very  scanty  specimen  may  suffice.  .  .  .  The 
Essays  are  15  in  number;  they  are  full  of  trope  and  tigure.  but 
frequently  with  much  force  of  application,  though  quaint  and 
sententious."  See  Restituta,  vol.  iii.  p.  278. 
j  Beaumont,  Wm.  Translations  from  the  French: — 
Zimmerman,  Lon.,  1792,  8vo.  Anacharsis  the  Younger, 
Lon.,  1796,  5  vols.  Svo.  The  Arabian  Nights  Entertain- 
ments, Lon.,  1811,  4  vols.  12mo. 

Beaumont,  William,  M.D.,  surgeon,  TJ.  S.  Navy, 
1796-1853.  His  physiological  experiment  with  the  Cana- 
dian, St.  Martin,  won  him  a  wide  and  honourable  name  in 
his  profession.  The  results  of  his  observations  were  pub. 
in  1833  and  1847,  and  extensively  republished  in  England 
and  on  the  Continent.     See  Combe,  Andrew,  M.D. 

Beavan,  Charles.     Onlines  Cnucellariie,  Lon.,  1845. 

Reports  of  Cases  in  the  Rolls  Court,  17  vols.  Svo,  Lon., 

1840,  &c.    Orders  of  the  Court  of  Chancery,  1S14-53, 12mo. 

Beavan,  Edwd.   Box-hill;  adescrip.  Poem,  1777,4to. 

Beavan,  James.     Theolog.  "Works,  Oxf.  and  Lon., 

183S-41. 

I      Beaver,  George.     Sermons.  1796-1800. 

Beaver,  John,    a    monk  of  Westminster  of  the  14th 
j  century.     1.  A  Chronicle  of  Britain.     2.  De  Rebus  Coeno- 
bii  Westmonasteriensis.     They  remain  in  MS. 

Beaver,  John,  a  monk  of  St.  Alban's,  wrote  some 
pieces,  which  remain  in  MS. 

Beaver,  John.     Roman  Military  Punishments.  Lon., 

1725,  4to,  with  plates :  which,  being  by  Hogarth,  render 
the  book  of  great  value.  Sold,  large  paper,  with  addi- 
tional plates.  Steevens,  £13  5s..-  with  head  pieces  and  du- 
plicates. Nassau,  £21  :  Baker,  £21. 

Beaver,  Capt.  Philip,  R.N.  African  Memoranda, 
Lon.,  1805,  4to. 

"An  interesting. well-written  work,  and  of  which  every  page 
bears  internal  evidence  of  the  strictest  veracity." 

Beawes,  Wyndham.  Lex  Mercatoria;  or  a  com- 
plete code  of  Commercial  Law,  &c.,  Lon.,  1750,  fob;  6th 
ed.  by  Joseph  Chitty,  2  vols.,  Lon.,  1813,  4to.  In  part 
compiled  from  Savary's  Dictionnaire  de  Commerce,  and 
other  authorities. 

161 


BEA 

"  Perhaps  the  most  comprehensive  and  useful  that  has  ever  been 
compiled." — Chitty. 

"  This  is  a  much  superior  work  to  that  of  Malyn's.  It  contains 
a  full  and  very  valuable  collection  of  the  rules  and  usages  of  law 
on  the  subject  of  bills  of  exchange.  Beawes  is  frequently  cited 
in  our  books  as  an  authority  in  mercantile  customs." — Chanc.  Kent. 
Beazley,  Samuel,  17S6-1851.  1.  Oxonians,  2. 
Rouo.  Author  of  upwards  of  100  dramatic  pieces.  He  was 
the  architect  of  several  theatres  in  Loudon. 

Becher,  Heury,  trans.  Two  Bookes  of  St.  Am- 
brose, 15G1. 

Becher,  Henry.     Sermon,  1728.  4to. 
Becher,  J.T.  The  Anti-Pauper  System,  Lon.,1828,8vo. 
Beck,  Cave.     The  Universal  Character,  by  which  all 
Nations  may  understand  one  another's  Conceptions,  Lon., 
1657,  Svo. 

"  A  curious  work,  with  a  frontispiece,  containing,  as  it  is  sup- 
po8f!<l,  a  portrait  of  the  author  under  the  figure  of  the  Kuropean." 
— Lowndes. 

Beck,  Geo.,  1749-1812,  trans.  Anacreon,  parts  of 
Homer,  &c. 

Beck,  John  B.,  1794-1851.  Infant  Therapeutics,  N. 
York.  1S49,  12mo. 

Beck,  I.ewis  C,  1790-185.3,  b.  in  Schenectady,  N.T., 
October.  1790;  graduated  at  Union  College.  His  attain- 
ments in  the  Natural  Sciences  were  remarkable.  He  pub. 
works  on  Botany  and  Chemistry,  and  one  on  the  Mine- 
ralogy of  New  York.  For  many  years  he  was  the  Profes- 
sor of  Chemistry  and  the  Natural  Sciences  at  Rutgers 
College  in  New  Brunswick,  N.J.,  and  subsequently  Pro- 
fessor of  Chemistry  in  the  Albany  Medical  College. 

Beck,  T.  A.  History  and  Antiquities  of  Fumess 
Abbey,  Lon.,  1844.  r.  4to  :  a  valuable  work. 

Beck,  Theodoric  Romeyn,  M.D.,  LL.D.,  1791- 
1855,  b.  at  Schenectady,  N.York;  graduated  at  Union 
College,  1807;  for  msiny  years  Prof.  Institutes  of  Medicine, 
Ac.  in  the  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  Western 
New  York.  In  connexion  with  his  brother.  J(din  B.  Beck, 
Elements  of  Medical  Jurisprudence;  7th  cd.,  brought  down 
to  the  present  time,  including  the  notes  of  Dr.  Dinilap  and 
Dr.  Darwell,  Lon.,  1842,  Svo  ;  10th  ed.,  Albany,  1850, 
2  vols.;  1st  ed.,  1823.  At  the  close  of  vol.  ii.  is  a  list  of 
the  principal  works  upon  Medical  Jurisprudence. 

"  It  embraces  all  that  is  really  useful  either  to  the  physician  or 
lawyer."— 2  Law  Chron.  280  ;  Wurrm'sLaw  Stiaiv<!.  17'.»;  2  P<'fie.  42. 
T.  B.  Beck  has  also  pub.  1.  Botany  of  U.  States.    2.  Che- 
mistry.    3.  Adulteration  of  Medicine. 

Beck,  Thos.    Three  Poetical  Works,  Lon..  1795-1808. 
Beck,    William.       Dr.    SachevereU's    Vindication, 
Lon.,  1709,  Svo. 

Becke,  Etimon.  A  Brefe  Confutation  of  the  most 
detestable  and  anabaptistical  opinion,  that  Chri.st  dyd  not 
take  hys  flesh  of  the  blessed  vyrgyn  Mary,  [in  metre.] 
Lon.,  by  John  Day,  1550,  4to.  Unnoticed  by  Herbert,  but 
in  Ritson's  Bibliogr.aphia  Poetica. 

Beckct,  Andrew.  Shakespeare's  hinipclf  again;  or 
the  Language  of  the  Ptiet  asserted:  comprised  in  a  series 
of  1(J(J0  notes  illustrative  of  the  more  difficult  passages  in 
his  plays,  2  vols,  in  1  Svo,  1815.     Other  works. 

Dramatic  Works,  edited  by  Dr.  Beattie.  2  vols.  p.  Svo. 
Beckct,  J.,  M.D.     Professional  Treatise.  1765.  Svo. 
Beckct,  J.  B.     Hydrostatic  Balance,  1775,  Svo. 
Becket,  Joseph.     Mensuration.  &c..  Lon.,  1804,  Svo. 
Becket,  N.     Trans.  Ger.ard's  Holie  Ministrie,  1598. 
Becket,  St.  Thomas  a.  Archbishop  of  Canterbury, 
b.  1117  or  1119,  d.  1170.  was  the  son  of  Gilbert,  a  Cru- 
sader, afterwards  a  merchant  of  London,  and  Matilda,  a 
Saracen  damsel,  who  is  said  to  have  fallen  in  love  with 
him  when  he  was  a  prisoner  to  her  father  in  Jerusalem. 
He  was  born  in  London,  cruelly  murdered,  and  buried  at 
Canterbury.     The  life  of  this  eminent  prelate  belongs  to 
political,  rather  than  to  literary,  history.     His  literary  re- 
mains consist  only  of  a  volume  of  letters,  4I?5  in  number, 
which  passed  between  distinguished  men  in  Europe  rela- 
tive to  the  affairs  of  the  English  church.     To  this  volume, 
printed   1495,   and  at  Brussels  in    1682,   is    prefi,\ed   the 
Quadrapartite  Life,  or  De  Vita  et  processu  S.  Thomie  Can- 
tuariensis  et  Martyris  super  Libei-tate  Ecclesiastica.     This 
Life  is  collected  out  of  four  historians,  who  were  contem- 
porary and  conversant  with  Becket,  vix..  Herbert  de  Hos- 
cham,  Johannes  Carnoteusis,  GuUelmus  Canterburiensis, 
and   Alanus  Teukesburieusis.   who  are  introduced    as  so 
many  relaters  of  facts  interchangeably.     The  only  writing 
attributed  to  Becket  besides  his  epistles,  is  a  Latin  hymn 
to   the  Virgin,  commencing  with  the  words   Gnade  flore 
virffinali.  which  is  in  MS.     Some  letters  of  his,  besides 
those  published,  exist  among  the  Cottonian  MS. 
"  The  Latinity  of  the  Archbishop's  letters  is  plain,  flowing,  and 


BEC 

per  piriious.— that  of  a  man  who  both  epoke  and  wroto  tlip  lan- 
guage' freely:  and  they  display  a  warmth  of  feeling,  genuine  piety, 
and  hi^hne'fis  of  principle,  for  which  those  whose  ideas  of  Becket 
have  been  formed  from  popular  historians  will  not  give  him 
credit." 

See  Eiog.  Brit ;    Chalmers's  Biog.  Diet. ;    Rose's  do, ; 

Wri<.'Iit's  Biog.  Brit.  Lit.;  Henry's  History  of  G.  Britain; 

Lyttleton's  History  of  Henry  II.;  Beringfon's  do. 

'Becket,  Thos.  Chirurgical  Remarks,  Lon.,  1709,  Svo. 

Becket,    William.     Trans.    Calvin   upon    Philipp., 

Lon.,  iu.S4.  41.1. 

Becket,  William,  16.f4-17.38,  an  eminent  surgeon, 
born  at  Abingdon  in  Berlisbire,  was  author  of  several 
profess,  woriis.  Cure  of  Cancers,  Lon.,  1711,  Svo.  In- 
quiry relative  to  the  King's  Evil,  1722,  Svo.  A  number 
of  pieces  relative  to  the  Plague,  jiuh.  anon,  in  1722.  Chi- 
rurgical  Observations,  Lon.,  17411,  Svo.  A  Collection  of 
Chirurgical  Tracts,  Lon.,  1740,  Svo.  He  also  composed  a 
brief  account  of  the  History  and  Antiquities  of  Berkshire. 
Becket,  William  a.  Univei-.sal  Biography  ;  includ- 
ing scriptur.al,  classical,  and  mythological  Memoirs;  to- 
gether with  Accounts  of  many  eminent  living  Characters. 
Illustrated  with  portraits,  3  vols.,  Lon.,  1840.  Svo. 

Becket,  Gilbert  Abbott  a,  ISlO-lSofi,  n  noted 
humourist,  liorn  in  London.  In  1825,  eight  of  his  dra- 
matic productions  were  published  in  Duncomb's  British 
Theatre.  In  1828,  '29,  nine  more  appeared  in  Cumber- 
land's British  Theatre;  and,  in  1837,  four  others  were  pub- 
lished in  Webster's  Acting  Drama.  Small  Debts  Act,  1845. 
Comic  Blackstone,  1844-46.  Comic  History  of  England, 
184S.  ComicHistory  of  Rome,  1852.  Edit.  George  Cruik- 
shank's  Table  Book,  1845  ;  Quizziology  of  the  British 
Drama,  1846.  In  1830,  he  started  Figaro  in  London,  which 
was  the  precursor  of  Punch ;  and  to  the  latter  journal  he 
was  a  cfinstant  and  prominent  contributor.  He  also  wrote 
for  the  Times.  Ac. 

"  The  author  is  one  of  the  wittiest  writers  of  the  day.  Few 
could  have  travestied  so  well  the  real  Blackstone,  following  it  lite- 
rally step  by  step." 

Beckford,  Peter,  was  a  relative  of  the  celebrated 
William  Beckford.  He  was  .an  enthusiast  on  the  subject 
of  hunting,  and  gave  his  experience  to  the  world  in  his  , 
Thoughts  on  Hunting,  in  a  scries  of  Letters,  1781,410. 
Essays  on  Hunting;  containing  a  philosophical  Inquiry 
into  the  Nature  and  Properties  of  Scent :  on  difl'ercnt  Kinds 
of  Hounds,  Hares,  Ac,  with  an  Introduction,  describing  the 
Method  of  Hare-hunting  among  the  Greeks,  Lon.,  17S1,  Svo. 
''  Never  had  fox  or  hare  the  honour  of  being  chased  to  death  by 
so  accomplished  a  hunter,  from  the  time  of  Nimrod  to  the  present 
day;  never  was  a  huntsman's  dinner  graced  with  such  urbanity 
and  wit ;  and  never  did  the  red  wine  of  Oporto  confuse  the  intel- 
lect of  so  politic  a  sportsman.  He  would  bag  a  fox  in  Gi-eek.  find 
a  hare  in  Latin,  inspect  his  kennels  iu  Italian,  and  direct  the  eco- 
nomy of  the  stable  in  ex(|uisite  French."  See  this  amusing  re- 
view, with  copious  extnacts.  in  the  Ketrosp,  Review,  xiii.  2;il.l-f7. 

Beckford,  William.  Negroes  in  Jamaica,  17SS,  Svo. 
Account  of  .lamaica.  1790,  2  vols.  Svo.  History  of  Franco, 
Lon., 1794,4  vols.  Svo.  The  aucicnt  part  by  W.  Beckford; 
the  modern  part  by  an  English  gentleman,  for  some  time 
resident  in  Paris. 

"Mr.  Beckford  and  his  associate  have  presumed  that  thei*e  is  still 
room  for  another  history  of  that  nation.  The  work  which  their 
joint  labours  have  produced  is.  however,  by  no  means  either  acom- 
plete  or  a  uniform  history." — Lon.  Mmthli/  Revima. 

Beckford,  William,  1760-1844,  was  the  son  of  the 
well-known  Alderman  Beckford,  Lord-mayor  of  London, 
celebratel  for  having  beiirdeil  King  George  III.  on  his 
throne,  ou  the  occasion  of  presenting  a  petition  and  re- 
monstrance to  his  majesty.  His  son  succeeded  at  the  age 
of  10  years  to  a  fortune  of  upwards  of  £100.000  per  an- 
num, consisting  in  part  of  the  estate  at  Fonthdl,  and  a 
large  property  in  the  West  Indies.  Young  Beckford  had 
the  advantage  of  the  watchful  care  of  his  sponsor,  his 
father's  friend,  the  great  Earl  of  Chatham.  The  jiroprie- 
tor  of  FonthiU  determined  to  erect  a  splendid  superstruc- 
ture which  shoubl  embody  his  conceptions  of  architectural 
beauty.  In  this  design  and  other  fancies  he  ex]iended  in 
sixteen  years  the  enormous  sum  of  £273,000.  One  tower 
employed  460  men  both  by  day  and  by  night  through  an 
entire  winter,  the  torches  used  by  "the  noetui-n.al  workmen 
being  visible  to  the  astonished  travellers  at  miles  distant." 
Fra^'ility  was  a  necessary  eonsetiuence  of  siu'h  "  untem- 
perc'ii"  haste ;  and  a  gale  of  wind  brought  the  lofty  pile  to 
the  ground.  Mr.  Beckford  regretted  that  he  had  not  been 
present  when  so  grand  a  ruin  occurred;  and  he  ordered  the 
erection  of  another  tower  of  276  feet:  this  also  fell  in  1825. 
Beckford  loirchased  an  estate  at  Cintra,  that  "glorious 
Eden  of  the  South  :"  here  he  built  himself  a  palace  for  a 
residence.  Lord  Byron  alludes  to  this  fairy-piilace  and  ita 
lord  in  Childe  Harold,  canto  i. 


BEC 


BEC 


Had  the  philanthropic  spirit  of  Howard,  rather  than  the 
ifrnohle  iduhitry  of  self,  animated  the  bosom  of  "England's 
wealthiest  son,"  he  had  not  been  "  lone"  in  heart  amid  his 
regal  splendour.  The  happiness  then  difTused  by  him 
would  have  irradiated  his  own  path,  and  thousands  would 
have  arisen  to  call  him  blessed.  It  is  vain  for  that  man 
to  expect  peace  upon  earth  who  perverts  the  design  of  his 
creation  by  ''living  to  himself!'* 

Mr.  Beokford  possessed  a  very  valuable  collection  of 
pictures,  books,  and  curiosities;  his  knowledge  of  the  fine 
arts  and  general  accomplishments  were  of  the  highest 
order.  In  1822  Fonthill  was  thrown  open  to  strangers, 
preparatory  to  a  sale.  7,200  catalogues  were  disposed  of 
at  a  guinea  each.  It  was,  however,  sold  by  private  con- 
tract (some  bouks,  pictures,  &c.,  reserved  from  the  collec- 
tion) to  John  Farquhar,  Esq.,  for  £3;i0,000.  In  the  follow- 
ing year  the  collection  was  sold  by  Mr.  Philips,  occupying 
37  days.  See  works  on  Fonthill  by  Britton,  Rutter,  Sto- 
rer.  &c.;  Historical  Notices  of  Fonthill  Abbey,  Wiltshire, 
by  Mr.  Nichols,  4to,  1836;  Gent.  Mag.  1S44. 

In  1783  Mr.  Beckford  married  Lady  Margnret  Gordon, 
daughter  of  the  Earl  of  Aboyne,  who  died  in  1786,  leaving 
issue  two  daughters,  one  of  whom  married  Lieutenant-Ge- 
neral  (then  Colonel)  James  Orde  ;  and  the  other  married 
Alexander,  Duke  of  Hamilton,  Brandon,  and  ChatelherauU. 
Mr.  Beckford  was  lineally  descended  from  the  blood  royal 
of  Sc(»t!and,  and  an  "extraordinary  accumulation  of  de- 
scents from  royal  and  illustrious  houses"  concentred  in  his 
person. 

We  may  now  consider  Mr.  Beckford  as  an  author,  and 
here,  in  his  own  line,  he  is  entitled  to  as  high  a  position 
as  he  might  have  justly  claimed  as  a  virtuoso.  At  the 
age  of  19  he  pub.  Biographical  Memoirs  of  Extraordinary 
Painters,  Lon.,  sm.  Svo,  1780,  a  work  satirizing  some  En- 
glish artists  under  feigned  names. 

'■  This  volume  is  an  object  of  curiosity,  as  it  exbilijts  the  germs 
of  some  of  tlic  finest  passages  in  the  subsequent  work  of  the  writer, 
— Vathek.  The  iliSiii|itinTi  of  the  imaginary  ball  in  the  ark  of  Noah, 
in  the  tale  of  Ainlnw  (lu.-lph.  and  0[r  of  Hasan,  possesses  much 
of  the  wild  sulilitnity  and  mysterious  interest  which  characterizes 
the  a.^cnuiit  of  tilt-  hall  uf  El.lis;  and  the  touches  of  playful  satire 
whiih  tV-'innntly  occur  to  relieve  the  somlfre  character  of  the  nar- 
rative, in  sniii,.-  parts  of  Vathek,  are  not  less  visible  in  these  Me- 
moirs. Wl'  coiicL'ive  that  few  persons  can  read  these  fictitious 
biographies,  without  wishing  that  the  author  had  oftcMier  favoured 
the  world  with  his  lucubrations.  Industry  .-Uone  seems  to  have 
been  wanting  to  have  raised  him  to  a  level  with  the  greatest  novel- 
ists of  the  age." 

"  They  are  a  series  of  sharp  and  brilliant  satires  on  the  Dutch 
and  Flemish  schnols;  the  language  pi>lishi-d  find  pointed;  the 
Parcasm  at  once  d<-i'p  and  drlit-ate;  a  p.Troiniance  in  which  buoy- 
ancy of  juvenili'  spirit  srts  .>[T  the  results  nf  :tln-ady  extensive  ob- 
servation, and  llif  jiutginents  of  a  rL-fined  Ithuugh  tar  too  tastidi- 
ous  and  exclusive)  taste." — Lou.  QwirterUf  Review. 

The  celebrated  romance  of  Vathek  was  published  in 
French  at  Lausanne  in  1787.  The  English  edition,  issued 
in  17S6,- was  a  translation  not  made  by  the  author,  nor 
by  his  consent.  Several  editions  in  Engli.'^h  have  been 
published.  So  admirable  was  the  French  original  for 
"  style  and  idiom,  that  it  was  considered  by  many  as  the 
work  of  a  Frenchman." 

Lord  Byron,  a  very  competent  judge  both  of  the  subject 
and  the  way  in  which  it  should  be  treated,  praises  Vathek 
in  the  highest  terms: 

"  For  correctness  of  costume,  beauty  of  description,  and  power 
of  imagination,  this  most  Eastern  and  sublime  tale  siii7>asses  all 
European  imitations:  and  bears  such  marks  of  m  i_'in;ilirv  that 
those  who  have  visited  the  East  will  have  some  dilliiultv  in  be- 
lieving it  to  be  more  than  a  translation.  ...  As  an  KasttTU  tale 
even  Kasselas  must  how  before  it :  his  Happy  Valley  will  not  bear 
a  comparison  with  the  Hall  of  Eblis." 

A  high  authority  thus  comments  upon  the  noble  critic 
and  his  subject: 

"  Vathek  is,  indeed,  without  reference  \n  the  time  of  life  when 
the  autlmr  penned  it,  a  very  mnrir'k.il'L  p' i  f  ii-mance :  but.  like 
most  nf  the  works  of  the  great  J...,. I  uli-  h  i^  ■hn^  -  l"Miient!y  praised 
it.  it  is  st;nii.-d  with  somepoivM,,..j,  t- .  r-  i  ■:  -  piiat-nn  is'toooften 
su.h  as  mi^-ht  have  been  inhnli_-d  io  ili.-  Hail  ni  Llilis.  We  dn  not 
ailud.-  BO  much  to  its  audacious  licentiousness,  as  to  the  diaboli- 
cal l.Mity  of  its  contempt  for  mankiud.  The  bov-author  appears 
abeady  to  have  rubbed  all  the  bloom  off  his  heart;  and,  in  the 
midst  of  his  dazzling  genius,  one  trembles  tn  think  that  a  strip- 
lin_'  of  years  so  tender  should  have  attained  the  cool  cynicism  of  a 
Catidxh..'" — Lon.  QuarterJi/  Hevifw. 

"  Vathek.  the  finest  of  Oriental  romances,  as  Lalla  Rookh  is  the 
finest  of  Oriental  poems."— iVorWs  Memoir  nf  Beckfryrd. 

In  1834,  after  lying  unpublished  (though  printed)  for 
near  half  a  century,  appeared  Italy,  with  sketches  of  Spain 
and  Portugnl,  in  a  Series  of  Letters  written  during  a  Resi- 
dence in  those  Countries,  Lon.,  2  vols.  8vo. 

"  Mr.  Beckford  has  at  length  been  induced  to  publish  h!s  let- 
ters, in  order  to  vindicate  his  own  orijrinal  t-laim  to  certain 
thoughts,  images,  and  expressions,  which  had  been  adopted  by 
other  authors  whom  he  had  from  time  to  time  received  beneath 


his  roof  and  indulged  with  a  perusal  of  his  secret  lucubrations. 
.  .  .  His  book  is  entirely  unlike  any  book  of  Travels  in  prose  that 
exists  in  any  Europ.-.iii  l;iiit:viage;  and  if  we  could  fancy  Lord  IJy- 
ron  to  have  writt-n  the  Untold  in  the  measure  of  Don  Juan,  au'd 
Ui  have  availed  hinisi-lf  of  the  facilities  which  the  ottava  rivia  af- 
fords for  intermingling  hi:_'h  poetry  with  mi-niiiient  of  all  sorts, 
and  especially  with  sanasti.-  sk.tilns  r,f  liwng  manners,  we  be- 
lieve the  result  would  have  been  a  work  more  nearly  akin  to  that 
now  before  us  than  any  other  in  the  lit>rary.  He  is  a  poet,  and  a 
great  one.  too,  though  we  know  not  that  he  ever  wrote  a  line  of 
verse.  His  raptures  amidst  the  sulilimescenery  of  mountains  and 
forests,  in  the  Tyrol,  especially,  and  in  Spain,  is  that  of  a  spirit  cast 
originally  in  one  of  Nature's  linest  moulds ;  and  he  fixes  it  in  lan- 
guage which  can  scarcely  be  praised  beyond  its  deserts — simple, 
massive,  nervous,  apparently  little  laboured,  yet  revealing,  in  its 
effect,  the  perfection  of  art,.  S^ome  immortal  passages  in  Dray's 
letters,  and  Byron's  diaries,  are  the  only  things,  in  our  tongue, 
that  seem  to  us  to  come  near  the  profound  melancholy,  blended 
with  a  picturesque  description  at  once  true  and  startling,  of  many 
of  these  extraordinary  paces.  Nor  is  his  sen.se  for  the  hiirhest 
beauties  of  art  less  exquisite.  He  seems  to  us  to  descrilte  clas^^ical 
architecture,  and  the  pictures  of  the  great  Italian  schools,  with  a 
most  passionate  feeling  of  the  grand,  and  with  an  inimitable  giace 
of  expression.  On  the  other  hand,  he  betrays,  in  a  thonsand 
places,  a  settled  voluptuousness  of  temperament,  and  a  capricious 
recklessness  of  self  indulgence,  which  will  lead  the  world  to  iden- 
tify him  beocefnrtb  with  his  A'athek  as  hiextiiiably  a.'i"  it  lias  long 
since  conn.Tti'd  Harold  with  the  pm-t  (hat  drew  hiui.  .  .  .  We  risk 
nothing  in  predirling  that  Mr.  HedUoids  Travels  w  ill  hencloith 
be  classed  anuing  the  most  elegant  productions  of  modern  litera- 
ture: they  will  be  forthwith  tiaiislated  into  every  languaijoon  the 
Continent — and  will  keep  his  name  alive,  centuries  after  all  the 
brass  and  marble  he  ever  ])iled  together  have  ceased  to  vibrate 
with  the  echoes  of  Modenhas." — Lon.  (^uarterlt/  Beviejv,  li.  ■i2*\ 

Another  authority  of  great  reputation,  which  has  guillo- 
tined as  many  unhappy  authors  in  a  lustre  or  two  past  as 
die!  the  Edinburgh  Review  in  the  first  twenty  years  of  its 
'*  destructive  ravages,"  thus  commends  the  book  under  our 
notice : 

"  A  work  rich  in  scenes  of  beauty  and  of  life.  It  is  a  prose  poem. 
The  writer  was  a  young  enthusiast,  with  a  passionate  love  of  the 
ideal  and  the  spiritual,  whether  in  art  or  nature:  travelling  had 
little  to  do  with  the  work  but  to  call  forth  feeling;  iu  proof,  it  was 
written  fifty  years  atro,  yet.  though  the  road  has  since  been  tra- 
velled by  others  to  utter  weariness,  it  is  as  fresh  and  delightful  as 
if  the  ink  were  not  dry  with  which  it  was  written.  There  are 
scenes  in  these  vrdumes  not  to  be  excelled  in  modern  poetry;  pic- 
tures where  words  are  as  rich  iu  colour  and  in  beauty  as  the  pen- 
cil of  Turner:  the  rest  is  but  the  connecting  link  which  holds 
them  together.  We  are  not  sure  that  all  will  agree  in  this  judg- 
ment: but  the  work  will  a.ssuredly  'fit  audience  find,'  and  take 
a  permanent  rank  in  our  libraries.  ...  In  the  account  of  Portu- 
gal there  is  everywhere  the  same  vivid  picturing,  the  same  rich 
colouring,  the  same  passion  and  power:  but  instead  of  scenes  from 
inanimate  nature,  we  have  them  from  life.  .  .  .  Our  extracts,  with 
the  exception  of  those  relating  to  Venice,  have  been  taken  almost 
at  random,  so  rich  is  the  work  in  scenes  of  beauty  and  of  life." — 
Liimtfm  AthnifFum,  1S.34. 

Mr.  Beckford  has  connected  his  name  still  more  closely 
with  Portugal,  by  his  Recollections  <>f  an  Excursion  to  the 
Monasteries  of  Alcobaca  and  Batalhn,  published  iu  18.15. 
The  excursion  was  made  in  June,  1794,  at  the  desire  of  the 
Prince  Regent  of  Portugal. 

"The  monastery  Alcobaca  was  the  grandest  ecclesiastical  edifice 
in  that  country,  with  paintings,  antiijue  tombs,  and  fountains; 
the  noblest  architecture,  in  the  finest  situation,  and  inhabited  by 
monks  who  lived  like  princes.  The  whole  of  these  sketches  ura 
interesting,  and  present  a  gorgeous  picture  of  ecclesiastical  pomp 
and  wealth." — Lnn.  G^'nt.  Mug. 

The  travellers  were  "conducted  to  the  kitchen  by  tho 
abbot,  in  his  costume  of  High  Almoner  of  Portugal,  that 
they  might  see  what  preparations  had  been  made  to  re- 
gale them." 

"ThrouL'h  the  centre  of  the  immense  and  nobly-groined  hall, 
not  less  than  sixty  feet  in  diameter,  ran  a  brisk  rivulet  of  the 
clearest  water,  containing  every  sort  and  size  of  the  finest  river 
fish.  On  one  side,  loads  of  game  and  venison  were  heaped  up. 
On  the  other,  vegetables  and  fruits,  in  endless  variety.  Beyond 
a  long  line  of  stoves,  extended  a  row  of  ovens,  and  clo.se  to  them, 
hillocks  of  wheaten  flour  whiter  than  snow,  rocks  of  sugar,  jars  of 
the  purest  oil.  and  pastry  in  vast  abundance,  which  a  numerous 
tribe  of  lay  brothers  and  their  atteodants  were  rolling  out,  and 
puffing  up  into  a  hundred  different  shapes,  singing  all  the  while 
as  blithely  as  larks  iu  a  corn  field." 

This  magnificent  monastery  was  plundered  and  given  to 
the  flames  by  the  French  troops  under  Massena,  in  1811 : 
— One  of  the  many  sacrifices  to  the  boundless  ambition  of 
one  of  the  smallest  and  greatest  men  who  ha.^  ever  dis- 
graced the  annals  of  humanity — Napoleon  Bonaparte! 
Small  in  his  narrow-minded  selfishness,  great  in  an  intel- 
lect perverted  to  the  worst  purposes,  and  ever  memorable 
as  one  of  the  most  remorseless  and  unscrupulous  wretches 
who  ever  trod  the  earth  for  the  jmnishment  of  the  nations. 
^  We  have  only  room  for  one  opinion  upon  the  Recollec- 
tions : 

"  Pleasing  and  picturesque  as  the  clime  and  places  visited,  this 
is  just  a  hook  for  the  indulgence  of  the  dolrc  far  tiiente ;  and  our 
readers  can  hardly  take  a  more  grateful  literary  companion  with 
them  to  the  couch  or  grove.  Again  we  have  to  expi-ess  the  plea- 
sure which  this  volume  has  afforded  us,  and  recommend  it  to  the 

153 


EEC 


favour  it  bo  richly  merits ;  for.  tboupli  of  slight  texture,it  is  a  very 
charming  production." — London  Lilcrarij  Gazelle. 

See  Mumoirs  uf  Becliford,  Lon.,  186S,  2  vols.  p.  8vo,  and 
review  of  the  same,  Lon.  Athenjeum,  Dee.  11,  1858. 

Beckinghain,  Charles,  1699-1730-1,  a  native  of 
London,  wrote  Seipio  Africanus,  Henry  IV.  of  France, 
{both  tragedies,)  and  some  other  pieces.  He  also  trans, 
from  the  Latin  of  Rapin,  Christ's  Sull'erings,  a  Poem.  Ilia 
tragedies  were  represented  on  the  stage  before  he  had  com- 
pleted  his  twentieth  year ;  they  were 

'•  Not  suih  as  required  the  least  indulKence  or  .lUowance  on 
account  of  his  years,  but  such  as  bore  evidence  to  a  boldness  of 
sentiment,  an  accuracy  of  diction,  an  ingenuity  of  conduct,  and  a 
maturity  of  judguient,  which  would  have  done  honour  to  a  much 
more  ripened  a,,^e." — Bi"g.  Ih-avinl. 

Beckingtoii,  Bekynton,  orDe  Bekinton,  Tho- 
mas, d.  1464-05,  tutor  to  Uenry  VL,  Secretary  of  State, 
Keeper  of  the  Privy  Seal,  and  Bishop  of  Bath  and  Wells, 
was  born  in  the  parish  of  Beekington,  in  Somersetshire. 
Ho  wrote  a  bools  on  the  Right  of  the  Kings  of  Englalld  to 
the  Crown  of  France,  which  with  some  of  his  Tracts  is  in 
MS.  in  the  Cottonian  Library.  Some  of  his  letters  are 
preserved  in  the  library  at  Lambeth. 

In  1328  that  eminent  antitjuary.  Sir  Nicholas  Harris  Ni-  I 
colas,  pub.  the  Bishop's  Journal   during  his  Embassy  to  |  form 
negotiate  a  Marriage  between  Uenry  VI.  and  a  daughter 
of  the  Count  Armagnae,  in  1442,  Svo. 

"  This  Journal  throws  considerable  light  on  an  event  of  impoi-t- 
ance  in  the  history  both  of  this  country  and  of  France,  and  af- 
fords much  interesting  information  on  an  occurrence  which  h.as 
hitherto  l>een  very  brieflv  noticed.  There  are  several  letters  of  ■ 
Henry  VI.,  with  copies  of  all  letters  sent  and  received  by  the  am- 
bassadors connected  with  their  missions." 

Beekwith,  John.  Con.  to  Tr.ans.  Linn.  Soc.,  1794.     I 
Beckwith,  Josiah,  b.  1734,  an  intelligent  antiquary 
and   genealogist,  pub.  an  improved  edition  of   Blount's  1 
Fr.agmenta  Antiquitatis,  or  Ancient  Tenures  of  Land  and 
Jocular  Customs  of  soiue  Manors.  Lon.,  1784. 

"Few  persons  were  better  qoalilicd  for  this  business;  and  Mr. 
Beckwith  has  enriched  this  edition  wilh  many  valuable  additions 
and  improvements.  .  .  .  He  has  subjoined  many  notes  and  obser- 
vations, which  have  been  communicated  by  some  of  the  most  re- 
spectable antirjuaries  of  the  present  day."— ioii.  Monthhj  Review. 
Beckwith,  Thomas,  1731-1799,  brother  to  the  above, 
and  also  an  enthusia.st  in  antiquarian  and  genealogical  re- 
searches, compiled  A  Walk  in  and  about  the  city  of  York, 
on  the  plan  of  Gostliug's  Walk  in  and  about  tlic  city  of 
Canterbury.  Mr.  B.  never  pub.  any  thing.  Init  made  ex- 
tensive collections  of  valuable  papers  on  his  favourite 
subjects,  which  are  now  in  the  Bodleian  Library,  the  library 
of  the  College  of  .Arms,  and  other  depositories. 

Beckwith,  William.  A  Plan  to  prevent  all  Chari- 
table Donations  for  the  Benefit  of  Poor  Persons,  in  the 
several  Parishes  of  England  and  Wales,  from  loss,  misap. 
plication,  embeizlement,  non-application,  fraud,  and  abuse, 
in  future,  Lon.,  1S07,  8vo. 

A  Letter  to  Sir  S.  Romilly  rcl.  to  Cliancery  Proceedings, 
Lon.,  ISIO. 

Becoii,  or  Beacon,  Thomas,  b.  about  1510,  d.l570, 
a  zealous  Reformer,  was  a  native  of  Kent.  In  1560  ho 
was  presented  to  the  rectory  of  Buckland  in  Hertfordshire, 
and  three  years  later  to  a  church  in  London.  He  had  a 
probendal  stall  at  Canterbury.  He  wrote  many  wi.rks, 
principally  short  tracts  in  defence  of  the  doctrines  of  the 
Reformation.  His  Worckes  diligently  perused,  corrected 
and  amended,  were  pub.  in  a  folio  vol.  in  1563-64,  by 
John  Day.  Only  a  portion  of  his  works  is  included  in 
this  volume.  His  publication.s  bear  dates  1541-77.  Many 
appeared  under  the  assumed  name  of  Theodore  Basil. 
For  a  list  of  his  many  productions,  see  Watt's  Bib.  Brit. 
The  Parker  Society  pub.  Camb.,  1843,  his  Early  Works ; 
being  the  treatises  published  by  him  in  the  reign  of 
King  Henry  VIII.;  in  1844  his  Pra.yers  ami  other 
pieces ;  both  of  these  books  were  edited  by  the  Rev.  John 
Ayre,  M.A. 

"ISecon  is  an  excellent  writer,  and  the  most  voluminous  after 

FoXe.'' — BiCKERSTETH. 

Pee  Tanner;  Strvpo's  Parker. 

Beconsall,  Thos.  1.  Sermon.  2.  Natural  Religion, 
1697-98. 

Beda,  or  Bede,  672-735.  No  name  is  more  lUustn- 
ous  in  the  history  of  literature  and  science  during  the 
Middle  Ages  than  that  of  the  "  venerable"  Bede  ;  and  we 
may  add  that  in  proportion  to  his  celebrity  there  are  not 
many  writers  of  whose  personal  history  we  possess  so  few 
details.  His  studious  aud  contemplative  life  probably  of- 
fered few  remarkable  incidents  to  arrest  the  pen  of  the 
biographer  or  historian  ;  aud  to  his  contempf>raries,  as  well 
as  to  after  ages,  {with  the  exception  perhaps  of  the  monas- 
tic congregation  in  which  he  resided,)  he  lived  chiefly  by 


BED 

hi5  -works.  The  only  accurate  information  relating  to 
Bede's  life  (with  the  exception  of  Cuthbert's  account  of 
his  last  moments)  is  given  by  Bede  himself,  at  the  end  of 
his  Ecclesiastical  History.  AU  the  other  biographies,  which 
are  of  little  or  no  importance,  are  founded  upon  what  he 
there  states.  Smith  has  inserted  in  his  edition  of  Bede's 
historical  works,  an  anonymous  life  written  apparently  in 
the  11th  century.  MabiUon  has  given  another  life,  written 
after  the  beginning  of  the  12th  century,  and  other  anony- 
mous lives  are  inserted  in  the  Acta  Sanctorum  and  in  Cap- 
grave.  Notices  more  or  less  detailed  are  found  in  Simeon 
of  Durham,  William  of  Malmsbury,  and  other  historians. 
Baronius  and  Mabillon  have  collected  together  most  of  the 
materials  relating  to  the  life  of  this  great  Anglo-Saxon 
writer.  More  recently,  memoirs  have  been  published  by 
Mr.  Stevenson,  in  his  edition  of  the  Ecclesiastical  History, 
and  by  Henry  Gehlc,  in  a  separate  work,  entitled  Dispu- 
tatio  Historieo-Theologica  de  Bedaj  Venerabilis,  Presby- 
tcri  An-rlo-Saxonis,  Vita  et  Scriptis,  Svo,  Lug.  Bat.,  1838. 
The  name  in  Anglo-Saxon  was  ISeda  ;  as  in  all  words 
of  this  form,  and  names  that  have  continued  through  many 
ages  to  be  in  people's  mouths,  the  Anglo-Saxon  termina- 
tion a  became  softened  into  the  later  English  dumb  e.    The 

yy^rfe  has  been  continued,  because  it  is  not  incorrect, 

and  because  it  is  the  most  popular. 

Bede  was  born  in  672  or  673,  near  the  place  where  Be- 
nedict Biscop  soon  afterwards  founded  the  religious  house 
of  Wearmouth,  perhaps  in  the  parish  which  is  now  called 
Monkton,  and  which  appears  to  have  been  one  of  the  ear- 
liest endowments  of  the  monastery.  As  soon  as  he  had 
reached  his  seventh  yetir,  Bede  was  sent  to  Wearmouth  to 
profit  by  the  teaching  of  Biscop,  from  which  period  to  his 
death  he  continued  to  bo  an  inmate  of  that  monastery. 
After  the  death  of  Benedict  Biscop,  Bede  pursued  his  stu- 
dies under  his  successor  Ceolfrid,  and  at  the  ago  of  nine- 
teen, about  A.D.  692,  was  admitted  to  deacon's  orders  by 
John  of  Beverley,  then  newly  restored  to  his  see  of  Hex- 
ham ;  and  in  his  thirtieth  year  (702  or  703)  he  was  or- 
dained to  the  priesthood  by  the  same  prelate.  The  early 
a^e  at  which  Bede  Received  holy  orders  shows  that  ho  was 
then  already  distinguishing  himself  by  his  learning  and 
piety  ;  and  there  can  be  little  doubt  that  his  fame  was 
widely  spread  before  the  commencement  of  the  8th  cen- 
tury. At  that  period,  according  to  the  account  which  has 
been  generally  received,  Bede  was  invited  to  Rome  by 
Pope  Sergius  L,  to  advise  with  that  pontift'  on  some  diffi- 
cult points  of  church  discipline.  The  authority  lor  this 
circumstance  is  a  letter  of  the  pope  to  Ceolfrid,  expressing 
his  wish  to  see  Bede  at  Rome,  which  has  been  inserted  by 
William  of  Malmsbury  in  his  History  of  England.  It 
seems,  however,  nearly  certain  that  Bede  did  not  go  to 
Rome  on  this  occasion;  and  reasons  have  been  stated  for 
supposing  the  whole  story,  as  far  as  Bede  was  concerned 
in  it,  to  be  a  misrepresentation. 

The  remainderof  Bede's  life  appears  to  have  passed  away 
in  the  tranquillity  of  study  aud  in  pious  exercises.  He 
never  separated  himself  from  the  monastery  in  which  he 
had  been  educated,  but  composed  within  its  walls  the  nu- 
merous  books  which  have  thrown  so  much  lustre  on  his 
name.  The  larger  portion  of  these  works  was  probably 
written  during  the  fifteen  years  preceding  731.  His  smaller 
treatise  De  Teinporilnis  is  supposed  to  have  been  composed 
about  701  or  702,  and  the  book  De  Natura  Rerum  perhaps 
about  the  same  time.  Bede  had  finished  the  three  books 
1  of  his  Commentary  on  Samuel  just  before  the  death  of 
Ceolfrid.  i.  e.  in  716.  The  treatise  De  Temporum  Ratione 
was  composed  in  726  ;  the  lives  of  the  first  Abbots  of  Wear- 
mouth and  Yarrow  were  published  about  716,  or  soon  after; 
and  in  731  was  completed  his  most  iiuportaut  work,  the 
Ecclesiastical  History  of  the  Anglo-Saxons. 

A  narrative  of  Bede's  last  hours  was  written  by  his  dis- 
ciple Cuthbcrt,  and  is  still  preserved.  From  this  account 
it  appears  that  the  last  works  on  which  he  employed  his 
pen  were  a  translation  of  the  Gospel  of  St.  John  into  An- 
glo-Saxon, and  a  collection  of  extracts  from  one  of  the 
works  of  Isidore.  At  the  commencement  of  the  month  of 
April,  735,  he  was  seized  with  a  shortness  of  breathing, 
under  which  he  languished  till  the  26th  of  May,  suffering 
little  pain,  but  pining  away  under  the  effects  of  his  disease 
and  the  aliscnce  of  sleep.  During  this  time  be  occupied 
himself  day  and  night  either  in  admonishing  his  disciples, 
or  in  prayer,  or  in  repeating  passages  from  the  Scriptures 
and  the  fathers  of  the  church,  interspersing  his  observations 
from  time  to  time  with  pieces  of  religious  poetry  in  his 
native  ton'^ue.  On  the  20th  of  May,  the  symptoms  became 
more  alarming,  and  it  was  evident  that  death  was  near  at 
hand.     During  that  day,  he  continued  to  dictate  (probably 


BED 


BED 


the  translntion  of  UiG  Gospel  of  St.  Jolin)  to  one  of  the 
younger  meiiilters  of  the  community,  who  acted  as  his 
scrihe ;  ami  he  resumed  the  same  work  early  the  next 
morning,  which  was  the  Feast  of  the  Ascension,  or  Holy 
Thursday,  and  he  told  his  disciples  to  write  diligently. 
This  they  did  till  nine  o'clock,  when  they  retired  to  per- 
form some  of  the  religious  duties  peculiar  to  that  day.  One 
of  them  theu  said  to  him,  "Dearest  master,  one  chapter 
still  remains,  and  thou  canst  ill  bear  questioning."  But 
Bede  desired  him  to  proceed,  telling  him  to  "take  his  pen 
and  write  hastily."  At  the  hour  of  nones,  (twelve  o'clock,) 
Bede  directed  Cuthbert  to  fetch  from  his  closet  his  spices 
and  other  precious  articles,  which  he  shared  among  the 
presbyters  of  the  house,  and  begged  that  they  would  say 
masses  and  prayers  for  him  after  his  death.  He  passed 
the  remainder  of  the  day  in  prayer  and  conversation,  amid 
the  tears  of  his  companions,  till  evening,  when  his  scribe 
again  interrupted  him,  telling  him  that  only  one  sentence 
of  his  work  remained  unfinished.  Bede  toM  him  to  write, 
and  he  dictatol  a  few  words,  when  the  ynith  exclaimed, 
"It  is  now  done!"  *' Thou  hast  said  riglit,"  answered 
Bede,  "it  is  done  !"  "Support  my  head  with  thy  bands,  for 
I  desire  to  sit  in  my  holy  place  where  I  am  accustomed  to 
pray,  that  sitting  there  I  may  call  upon  ray  Father."  And 
thus  on  the  floor  of  his  closet,  chaunting  the  Gloria  Patri, 
he  had  just  strength  to  proceed  to  the  end  of  the  phrase, 
and  died  with  the  last  words  {Spiritui  Sancto)  on  his  lips. 
The  date  of  Bede's  death  is  accurately  fixed  in  the  year 
735,  by  the  circumstance  that  in  that  year  the  Feast  of  the 
Ascension  fell  upon  the  27th  of  May.  He  was  buried  at 
Yarrow,  and,  according  to  William  of  Malmsbury,  the  fol- 
lowing epitaph  was  placed  on  his  tomb  ; 

"Presbyter  hio  IJede  requiescat  carne  sepultus. 

Dona,  Chviste,  animam  in  coelis  gaudere  per  eeviun; 

Daque  illi  sophi;e  di^briari  fonte,  cui  jam 

Suspiravit  ovans  intento  semper  amore." 

Bede  has  given  us,  at  the  conclusion  of  his  Ecclesiastical 
History,  the  following  list  of  the  works  which  he  had  com- 
posed previously  to  that  time,  (a.d.  731.}     1.  A  commen- 
tary on  Genesis,  as  far  as  the  twenty-first  chapter  inclusive. 
Part  of  this  work  will  be  found  in  the  editions  of  Bede's 
collected  works;  the  rest  was  edited  by  Henry  Wharton, 
in  his  collection  of  Tracts  by  Bede.     2.  A  treatise  on  the  i 
tabernacle  and  its  vessels,  and  on  the  vestments  of  the  ' 
priests,   in   three  books.     3.  A   commentary  on   the  first  ' 
thirty-one  chapters  of  the  first  book  of  Samuel,  (usque  ad  j 
mortem  Saulis,)  in  three  books.     4.   The  treatise  de  a^difi-  | 
catione  Templi.  (an  allegorical  interpretation  of  the  temple  I 
of  Solomon,')  in  two  books.     5.  Detached  observations  on  i 
the  books  of  Samuel  and  Kings.     (In  Rcgium  librum  xxx.  ' 
questiones.)     6.  A  commentary  on  the  Song  of  Solomon,  | 
in  seven  books.     7-  A  commentary  on   the   Proverbs  of  i 
Solomon,  in  three  books.     8.  Glosses  on  Isaiah,  Daniel, 
the  Twelve  Prophets,  and  part  of  Jeremiah,  extracted  from  , 
St.  Jerome.     9.   On  Ezra  and  Nehemiah,  in  three  books. 
10.  On  the  Song  of  Ilabacuc,  in  one  book.     11.  On  the 
book  of  Tubit.  (In  Librura  be.ati  patris  Tobite,  explana-  ! 
tiones  allegoricre   de   Christo  et  eeclesia,)   in   one  book.  ! 
12.  Heads  of  readings,  (capitiila  lectionum.)  on  the  Penta-  ! 
teuch  and   on   the  books  of  Joshua  and  Judges.     13.  A 
commentary  in  libros   Regum   et  Verba  dierum.     14.  A  | 
commentary  on  the  book  of  Job.     15.  On  the  Proverbs, 
Ecclesiastes.  and  the  Song  of  Solomon.     16.  On  Isaiah, 
Ezra,  and  Nehemiah.     17.  A  commentary  on  the  Gospel 
of  St.  Mark,  in   four  books.     18.  A   commentary  on   St. 
Luke,  in  six  books.     19.  Homilies  on  the  Gospel,  in  two 
books.     20.  A  compilation  from  St.  Augustine — In  Apos- 
tolum  qujpcunque  in  opusculis  sancti  Augustini  exposita 
inveni,  cuneta  per  ordinem    transcribere   curavi.     21.  A 
commentary  on  the  Acts  of  the  Apostles,  in  two  books.  ' 
22.  Commentaries  on  the  seven  Catholic  Epistles.     23.  A  i 
commentary  on  the  Apocalypse,  in  two  books.     24.  Heads 
of  readings  on  the  whide  of  the  New  Testament,  with  the 
exception  of  the  Gospels.     25.  A  book  of  Epistles  addressed 
to  various  persons.     These  Epistles  were  in  fact  tracts  ad-  ' 
dressed  to  his  friends  on  the  following  subjects:  On  the  six 
Ages  of  the  World,  (do  sex  cetatibus  saeculi;)  on  the  Man- 
sions of  the  Cliildreu  of  Israel;  on  the  words  of  Isaiah,  i 
Et  claudentur  ibi  in  carcerem,  et  post  dies  multos  visita-  I 
buntur.  (Isa.  xxiv.  22  ;)  on  the  Bissextile ;  on  the  Equinox,  I 
according  to  Anatolius.     The  second  and  third  of  these  j 
tracts  are  lost.     26.  The  life  of  St.  Felix,  compiled  in  prose  ' 
from  the  metrical  life  by  Paulinus.     27.  A  corrected  edition 
of  the  Life  of  St.  Anastasius,  which  had  been  inaccurately  , 
translated   from   the  Greek.     (Librum  vitjc   et  passionis 
eancti  Anastasii,  male  de  Graeco   translatum,  et  pejus  a 
quodam  imperito  emendatum,  prout  potui,  ad  sensum  cor- 


rcxi.)  28.  The  life  of  St.  Cuthbert,  written  fir^t  in  verse, 
and  afterwards  in  prose.  29.  The  history  of  the  Abbots 
of  Wearniouth  and  Yarrow.  30.  The  Ecclesiastical  His- 
tory. 31.  A  Martyrology.  32.  Hymns,  in  vari<ms  metrca 
or  rhythms.  33.  A  book  of  Epigrams,  in  Latin  verse. 
34,  35.  The  books  De  Natura  Kerum  and  De  Temporibus. 
36.  A  larger  book  de  Temporibus.  37.  A  book  de  Oitho- 
graphia,  arranged  in  alphabetical  order.  38.  A  treiiti&e 
on  Metres,  (de  Mctrica  Arte,)  to  which  was  added  another, 
de  Schematibus  sive  Tropis. 

To  the  foregoing  list  may  bo  added  a  few  books,  whitdi 
are  of  undoubted  authenticity,  and  which,  with  one  exccj*- 
tion.  were  written  subsequently  to  the  completion  of  the 
Ecclesiastical  History.  39.  The  Libellus  de  Situ  Urbia 
Hiernsalem,  sive  de  Locis  Sanctis,  already  mentioned  as 
a'n  abridgment  from  the  older  work  of  Adamnan.  Wo 
know  that  this  tract  was  published  before  the  appearance 
of  the  Ecclesiastical  History,  in  which  it  is  mentioned,  and 
it  is  singular  that  it  should  be  omitted  in  Bede's  list. 
40.  In  his  old  age,  soon  after  the  completion  of  the  Eccle- 
siastical History,  Bede  wrote  (in  imitation  of  St.  Augustine) 
a  book  of  lietractnliones,  in  which  with  characteristic  con- 
dour  he  points  out  and  corrects  errors  admitted  into  the 
writings  of  his  earlier  years.  41.  The  Epistle  to  Albinus, 
edited  by  Mabillon,  and  written  soon  after  the  year  731. 
42.  The"  Epistle  to  Archbishop  Egbert,  written  at  the  end 
of  the  year  734  or  in  the  beginning  of  735.  43,  44.  Tho 
Comi)iIation  from  Isidore,  and  the  Anglo-Saxon  version  of 
St.  John,  which  occupied  Be<le's  last  moments. 

It  will  be  seen  by  the  foregoing  list,  that  the  subjects 
of  the  writings  of  Bede  are  very  diversified.  They  arc  the 
works  of  a  man  whose  life  was  spent  in  close  and  constant 
study, — industrious  compilations  rather  than  original  com- 
positions, but  exhibiting  profound  and  extensive  learning 
beyond  that  of  any  of  his  contemporaries.  He  was  not 
unacquainted  with  the  classic  authors  of  ancient  Rome; 
and  his  commentaries  on  the  Scriptures  show  that  he  un- 
derstood the  Greek  and  Hebrew  languages.  His  works 
may  be  divided  into  four  classes,  his  theological  writings, 
his  scientific  treatises,  his  poetry  and  tracts  on  grammati- 
cal and  miscellaneous  subjects,  and  his  historical  books. 
1.  A  very  large  portion  of  Bede's  writings  consists  of  com- 
mentaries on  the  different  books  of  tlie  holy  Scriptures, 
exhibiting  great  store  of  information  and  acuteuess  of  per- 
ception, but  too  much  characterized  by  tho  great  blemish 
of  the  mediaeval  theology,  an  extravagant  attachment  to 
allegorical  interpretation.  2.  The  only  scientific  treatises 
of  which  we  can  with  certainty  regard  Bede  as  the  author, 
are  those  indicated  in  his  own  list  of  his  writings.  They 
are  still  preserved,  and,  though  no  better  than  compila- 
tions from  other  writers,  and  more  especially  from  Pliny 
the  elder,  they  exhibit  to  us  nil  the  scientific  knowledge 
possessed  by  our  forefathers  until  a  much  later  period. 
The  tract  De  Natura  Rerum.  which  was  one  of  Bede's 
earliest  works,  and  the  Anglo-Saxon  abridged  translation 
made  in  tho  tenth  century,  were  the  text-books  of  science 
in  England  until  the  twelfth  century.  3.  His  grammati- 
cal and  philological  writings  show  liis  judgment  and  learn- 
ing in  a  very  favouralile  point  of  view.  His  observations 
on  the  structure  and  characteristics  of  Latin  verse  are  dis- 
tinguished by  good  taste,  and  are  illustrated  by  examples 
selected  by  himself  from  the  best  of  the  classic,  as  wcl) 
as  from  the  Christian,  Latin  poets.  He  sometimes  criti- 
cizes Donatus  and  the  older  grammarians.  Bede's  own 
metrical  compositions  are  a  proof  rather  of  his  industry 
than  f)f  his  genius;  they  are  constructed  according  to  the 
rules  of  art,  and  possess  a  certain  degree  of  correctness, 
but  are  spiritless.  4.  As  a  historian,  the  name  of  Bede 
will  ever  stand  high  in  the  list  of  our  national  writers. 
One  of  the  earliest  books  of  this  class  which  he  wrote,  was 
the  history  of  the  abbots  of  his  own  monastery,  ])ublished 
not  long  after  A.  D.  716.  He  composed  the  life  of  St. 
Cuthbert  at  the  request  of  Bishop  Eadfrith  and  the  monks 
of  Lindisfarno,  and  therefore  some  time  before  the  year 
721.  But  his  most  important  work  composed  in  his  more 
mature  age,  was  his  Ecclesiastical  History  of  the  Anglo- 
Saxons.  Upon  this  work,  which  was  undertaken  at  the 
request  of  two  ecclesiastics,  Allnnus  and  Nothhelm,  ho  ap- 
pears to  have  laboured  with  great  diligence  during  several 
years.  He  derived  little  assistance  from  previous  writers, 
for  the  books  he  quotes  are  few  and  unimportant;  but  his 
own  reputation  at  this  period  of  his  life,  and  his  acr^uaint- 
ance  with  the  most  eminent  ecclesiastics  of  his  age,  placed 
within  his  reach  a  large  mass  of  valuable  original  mate- 
rials. For  a  comprehensive  list  of  the  editions  of  Bede, 
we  refer  to  the  learned  work  to  which  we  are  indebted  for 
this  memoir — Wright's  Biog.  Brit.  Lit. 

165 


BED 


BED 


Trnnsfatinne. 

Kinfc  Alfred's  Anf^Io-Saxon  version  of  the  Ecclesias- 
tical Kistory.  printed  in  the  editions  of  the  original  by 
Wheloc  (1643)  and  Smith  (1722.)  ■  The  History  of  the 
Church  of  England,  compiled  by  Venerable  Bede,  English- 
man, translated  out  of  Latin  into  English  by  Thomas  Sta- 
pleton.  Student  in  Divinitie,  4to,  Antwerp,  1565.  Historie 
of  the  Church  of  England,  Svo,  St.  Omers,  1622.  This  is 
a  reprint  of  Stapleton's  Translation;  Ecclesiastical  His- 
tory of  the  English  Nation  from  the  coming  of  Julius 
Ciesar  into  this  Island  in  the  60th  year  before  the  incar- 
nation of  Christ  till  the  year  of  our  Lord  731  ;  written  into 
Latin  by  Venerable  Bede,  and  now  translated  into  English 
from  I)r.  Smith's  edition.  To  which  is  added,  the  Life  of 
the  Author,  also  Explanatory  Notes,  8vo,  London,  1723. 
The  translator  was  John  Stevens.  The  History  of  the 
Primitive  Church  of  England,  from  its  origin  to  the  year 
731 ;  written  in  Latin  by  Venerable  Bede,  Priest  of  that 
Church,  a  few  years  before  his  death;  in  Five  Books,  now 
translated  by  the  Rev.  William  Hurst,  of  St  Mary's  Cha- 
pel, Westminster,  Svo,  London,  1S14.  The  Lives  of  Bene- 
dict, Ceolfrid,  Eastorwine,  Sigfrid,  and  Huetbert,  the  first 
five  abbots  of  the  united  monastery  of  Wearraouth  and 
Jarrow ;  translated  from  the  Latin  of  Venerable  Bede, 
to  which  is  prefixed  a  Life  of  the  Author,  by  the  Rev. 
Peter  Wilcock,  Svo,  Sunderland.  1S18.  The  Ecclesiastical 
History  of  the  English  Nation;  translated  from  the  Latin 
of  Venerable  Bede,  to  which  is  prefixed  a  Life  of  the  Au- 
thor, by  J.  A.  Giles,  LL.D.,  Svo,  London,  1S40.  Popular 
Treatises  on  Science;  written  during  the  Middle  Ages, 
edited  by  Thomas  Wright,  Svo,  London,  1841  :  (published 
by  the  Historical  Society  of  Science,)  pp.  1-19.  The  An- 
glo-Saxon abridged  version  of  Bede's  Treatise  De  Natura 
Rerum. — Abbreviated  from  Wriffht's  Binj.  Brit.  Lit. 

Since  the  publication  of  the  Biog.  Brit.  Lit,,  (in  1S42,) 
the  public  has  been  favoured  with  an  edit,  of  The  Com- 
plete Works  of  Bede,  in  the  original  Latin,  collected  and 
accompanied  by  a  new  English  tran.^latlon  of  the  Histo- 
rical Works,  and  a  Life  of  the  Author,  by  the  learned  Rev. 
J.  A.  Giles,  LL.D.,  comprised  in  12  vols.  Svo,  1S43-4,  pub. 
at  £6  6s. 

Bcddoes,  Thomas,  M.D.,  1760-1808,  an  eminent 
physician  and  chemist,  was  born  at  Shiffniill,  in  Shrop- 
shire. In  1776  he  was  entered  of  Pembroke  College,  Ox- 
ford, where  he  was  remarkable  for  his  assiduity  in  his 
studies,  and  proficiency  in  the  Latin  tongue.  He  also 
made  himself  acquaintL-d  with  French.  Italian,  and  Ger- 
man.    Dr.  B.  marrii;d  Maria  Edgeworth's  younger  sister. 

He  pub.  in  1784,  Dissertation  on  Natural  History,  from 
the  Italian  of  Spallanzani,  2d  ed.,  1790.  He  added  notes 
to  Dr.  E.  CuUen's  trans,  of  Bergman's  Physical  and  Che- 
mical Essays;  and  in  1785  trans,  the  same  author's  Essay 
on  Elective  Attractions,  On  the  death  of  Dr.  Austin  he 
succeeded  to  the  chemical  lectureship  at  Oxford.  Not 
satisfied  with  his  extraordinary  attainments  in  chetnistry, 
physiology,  mineralogy,  bot-auy,  &c.,  he  turned  his  atten- 
tion to  the  interests  of  politics,  education,  and  political 
economy,  and  in  1792  surprised  his  friends  with  a  poem 
founded  upon  Alexander's  Expedition  to  the  Indian  Ocean. 
This  he  passed  otf  as  a  production  of  Dr.  Darwin's  to  some 
enthusiastic  admirers  of  that  gentleman's  poetry;  one  of 
whom  had  declared  that  the  poem  on  the  Economy  of  Ve- 
getation was  beyond  imitation.  As  another  evidence  of 
the  comprehensive  grasp  of  his  mind,  we  may  mention 
History  of  Isaac  Jenkins,  a  Moral  Fiction,  1793;  Obser- 
vations on  the  Nature  of  Demonstrative  Evidence,  with 
Reflections  on  Language,  1792  ;  A  Word  in  Defence  of  the 
Bill  of  Rights  against  Gagging  Bills,  1795  ;  An  Essay  on 
the  Public  Merits  of  Mr.  Pitt,  1796,  Some  of  Dr.  Bcddoes's 
professional  Essays  are,  besides  those  mentioned.  Obser- 
vations on  the  Nature  and  Cure  of  Calculus,  Catarrh,  and 
Fever,  1792  ;  Contributions  to  Medical  and  Physical  Know- 
ledge, from  the  West  of  England,  1799;  Popular  Essay  on 
Consumption,  1799;  Hygeia,  1801-2;  On  Fever  as  con- 
nected with  Inflammation,  1S07;  Good  Advice  to  Hus- 
bandmen in  Harvest,  Ac,  1808.  In  addition  to  all  his 
other  literary  labours  he  was  a  contributor  to  several  of 
the  medical  and  literary  iournals.  See  Phil.  Trans.,  1791- 
92;  Med.  Tracts,  179.3*  '94,  '97:  Nic.  Jour.  1800,  '2,  '6,  '9. 
See  a  list  of  his  publications  in  Watt's  Bib.  Brit.  He  was 
an  early  patron  of  Sir  Humphry  Davy. 

'■  lie  was  a  very  remarkable  man,  admirably  fitted  to  promote 
inquiry,  betti^r  than  to  conduct  it.  .  .  .  Hi.'  had  talents  which 
would  have  exalted  him  to  the  pinnacle  of  philosophical  eminence, 
if  they  had  been  applied  with  discretion." — Sir  Humpiirv  Davt. 

Whilst  preparing  for  the  university  he  resided  for  two 
years  with  the  Rev.  Samuel  Dickerson,  who  remarks  that 

"His  mind  was  so  intent  upon  literary  pursuits,  chiefly  the 
130 


att-iinment  of  classical  learninfj,  that  I  do  not  recollect  his  having 
devoted  a  sinjile  day.  or  even  hour,  to  diversions  or  frivolous 
amusements  of  any  kind." 

A  life  of  Dr.  Beddnes  was  pub.  by  Dr.  Stock  in  1811. 
Beddoes,  Thomas  LoveU,"  1S03-1S49,  son  of  the 
above,  and  nephew  tu  Maria  Edgeworth,  was  entered  in 
his  17th  year  of  Pembroke  College,  Oxford.     In  1822  he 
pub.  The  Bride's  Tragedy. 

"  With  all  its  extravajiancies,  and  even  sillinesses  and  follies,  it 
shews  far  more  than  glimpses  of  a  true  poetical  genius,  much 
tender  and  deep  feeling,  a  wantoning  sense  of  beauty,  &c.'' — 
BtoclvKtfxVs  May.,  xiv.  723. 

The  Edinburgh  Review  prefaces  an  extraet  by  remark- 
ing: 

'■  The  followin.c  will  show  the  way  in  which  5Ir.  Beddoes  mana.tres 
a  subject  that  pnets  have  almost  reduced  to  commonplace.  We 
thought  all  similes  for  the  viok't  had  been  used  up;  but  he  gives 
us  a  new  one.  that  is  very  delightful." 

■'  The  ambition  that  had  suggested  The  Bride's  Tragedy  died  in 
the  effort  of  producing  it.  As  with  his  school  fellows,  now  with 
the  poets,  his  power  once  acknowledged,  he  abandoned  further 
competition." 

After  his  death  a  vol.  of  his  Poems  was  pub.,  with  a  memoir 
of  the  author.    Works,  including  Death's  Jest-Book,  2  vols. 

"  All  that  we  have  quoted,  fnigmeutary  as  it  is,  proclaims  a 
writer  of  the  highest  order; — magnificent  diction,  terse  and  close 
in  expression,  various  and  beautiful  in  modulation,  displaying 
imaginative  thought  of  the  highest  reach,  and  sweeping  the  cords 
of  passion  with  a  strong  and  fearless  hand." — London  Examiner. 

Beddome^  Benjamiu.  Exposition  on  the  Baptist 
Catechi.sm,  1752.  20  Short  Discourses,  pub.  from  his 
MSS.,  1805. 

"  Evangelical  and  practical." — Bickersteth. 

They  are  commended  by  Robert  Hall,  of  Leicester. 

"  As  a  preacher.  Mr.  Beddome  was  universally  admired  for  the 
piety  and  unction  of  his  sentiments,  the  facility  of  his  arrange- 
ment, and  the  purity,  force,  and  simplicity  of  his  language :  all 
whii'h  was  recommended  by  a  delivery  perfectly  natural  and 
graceful.  His  printed  Discourses,  taken  from  the  MSS.  which  he 
left  behind  him  at  his  decease,  are  fair  specimens  of  his  usual  pei^ 
formance  in  the  pulpit.  They  are  eminent  for  the  qualities  already 
mentioned;  and  their  merits,  which  the  modesty  of  the  author 
conceali'd  from  himself,  have  been  justly  appreciat^^d  by  the  reli- 
gions public." — RoiiERT  Hall. 

Bedcl,  Heury.  The  Mouth  of  the  Poore,  Lon.,  1571, 
ICmo. 

Bcdcll,  Gregory  Townseud,  D.D..  1793-1834.  for 
twelve  years  Rector  of  St.  Andrew's  Episcopal  Church  in 
Philadelphia,  enjoyed  a  wide  reputation  as  a  devoted 
pastor,  an  excellent  preacher,  and  a  zealous  promoter 
of  religious  literature.  Besides  editing  many  books,  he 
was  author  of  a  number  of  excellent  works.  1.  Ezekiel's 
Vision.  2.  Is  it  well?  3.  It  is  well.  4.  Onward,  or 
Christian  Progression.  5.  Pay  Thy  Vows.  6.  Renunci- 
ation. 7.  Way  Marks.  8.  Serms.,  with  Biographical  Sketch 
of  the  author  by  Step.  H.  Tyng,  D.D.,  2  vols.  Svo.  He  wrote 
several  wurks  for  the  Amer.  S.  S.  Union.  This  exemplary 
man  was  remarkable  for  abundant  labours  persevered  in 
under  great  bodily  indisposition.     His  biographer  remarks, 

"  For  several  of  the  last  years  of  his  life  he  was  kept  in  being 
and  in  active  elTort,  beyond  any  of  the  expectations  of  his  friends. 
The  kind  providence  of  God  had  favoured  him  with  the  kind  at- 
tentions of  a  physician,  Dr.  John  K.  Mitchell  of  Philadelphia,  [see 
the  name  in  this  volume.!  whose  remarkable  skill  in  his  profession, 
united  with  the  tenderest  concern  for  his  patient's  comfort,  a  clear 
understanding  of  his  constitution  and  habits,  and  the  most  un- 
tiring assiduity  in  watching  over  his  health,  was  Messed  from 
above  to  the  preservation  of  his  life,  and  mitigating  his  sufferings, 
for  several  years  after  it  was  supposed  by  others  that  he  was  very 
near  the  end  of  his  course." 

As  a  pulpit  orator,  Dr.  Bedell  was  greatly  admired. 

*'  Hemarkable  as  were  these  many  traits  of  excellence,  it  was  in 
the  pulpit  that  the  pastor  shone  w"ith  the  highest  lustre.  Clear, 
simple,  chaste,  logical,  impassioned,  he  combined  the  most  opposite 
qualities;  and,  although  reduced  almost  to  a  skeleton  by  con- 
sumption, his  magnificent  voice,  with  its  clear  enunciation  and 
diversified  intonation,  could  be  heard  at  an  almost  incredible  dis- 
tance. .  .  .  Hopes  of  heaven,  fears  of  hell,  the  beauty  of  holiness, 
the  deformity  of  sin.  the  goodness,  the  mercy,  and  the  justice  of 
God,  were  in  turn  his  theme ;  and  never  did  his  people  hear  .altler 
expositions,  or  more  affectionately  eloquent  appeals." — J.  K. 
Mitchell.  M.D.  :  Hdigious  Souvenir,  1835. 

Bedell,  WiUiam,  D.D.,  1570-1641,  Bishop  of  Kil- 
more  and  Ardagh  in  Ireland,  was  one  of  the  most  exem- 
plary characters  in  ecclesiastical  history.  He  was  bora 
at  Black  Notley  in  Essex,  studied  in  Emanuel  College, 
Cambridge,  was  made  provost  of  Trinity  College,  Dublin, 
in  1627,  and  consecrated  bishop  in  1629.  He  was  chaplain 
to  Sir  Henry  AVotton,  ambassador  to  the  republic  of  Venice. 
Adapting  himself  to  the  flock  which  he  served,  he  intro- 
duced the  reading  of  the  Common  Prayer  in  his  cathedral 
in  the  Irish  tongue ;  he  caused  Archbishop  Daniel's  Irish 
trans,  of  the  New  Testament  to  be  circulated;  and  had  a 
trans,  made  into  that  language  of  the  books  of  the  Old 
Testament ;  and  also  of  some  homilies  of  Chrysostom  and 
Leo,  iu  which  the  Scriptures  are  held  up  to  reverence. 


BED 

The  trans,  of  the  Old  Testament  was  pub.  after  his  death, 
(1685,  4to,)  at  the  expense  of  the  Hon.  Robert  Boyle. 
Bishop  Burnet  wrote  an  account  of  his  life,  pub.  in  16S5. 

His  Life,  with  Letters  by  Bi.sbop  Burnet,  is 

"  A  very  useful  work,  containing  in  the  appended  Letters,  a  good 
reply  to  Popery." — Bickersteth. 

Bedford,  Arthur,  166S-1745,  studied  at  Brasenose 
College,  Oxford,  .and  took  holy  orders  ia  1688.  In  1724 
lie  removed  to  Ho.xton,  having  been  chosen  chapliiin  to  the 
Haberdashers'  Company  at  that  place,  and  remained  there 
until  his  death. 

Serious  Reflections  on  the  scandalous  Abuse  and  Effects 
of  the  Stage,  Bristol,  1705,  8vo.  A  Second  Advertise- 
ment concerning  the  Play  House,  Bristol,  1705,  8vo.  The 
Evil  and  Danger  of  Stage  Plays;  showing  their  natural' 
tendency  to  destroy  Religion,  and  introduce  a  general 
corruption  of  Manners,  in  almost  two  thousand  instances, 
taiicn  from  the  plays  of  the  last  two  years,  against  all  the 
methods  lately  used  for  their  reformation,  Lon.,  1706,  Svo. 
This  work  was  much  enlarged,  .and  pub.  in  1719  under  the 
title  of  A  Serious  Remonstrance  in  behalf  of  the  Christian 
Religion  against  the  horrid  Blasphemies  and  Impieties 
which  are  still  used  in  the  English  Play  Houses. 

The  Temple  of  Music,  Lon.,  1706,  Svo.  The  Great 
Abuse  of  Music,  Lon.,  1711,  8vo. 

The  Scripture  Chronology  demonstrated  by  Astronomi- 
cal Calculation,  Ac,  Lon.,  1730,  folio. 

"  A  very  learned  and  elaborate  work." — Dr.  Waterland. 

*'  This  is  a  very  elaborate  work,  and  displays  much  learninf;  and 
research.  The  hypothesis  which  it  espouses,  however,  which  is 
the  correctness  of  the  Hebrew  numbers,  has  been  set  aside,  and 
the  work  altogether  superseded,  by  the  valuable  publication  of 
Dr.  Il.ales."— Orrae's  BM.  Bib. 

Mr.  Bedford  preached  eight  sermons  on  the  Doctrine  of 
the  Trinity,  Svo,  1741,  .at  Lady  Moyer's  Lecture,  and  a 
number  of  single  sermons,  &c. 

Bedford,  Arthur,  Vicar  of  Sharnbrooke,  Bedford, 
Thanksgiving  after  Rebellion.  A  Sermon,  1  Sam.  xii.24 
1746,  4to.  ' 

Bedford,  Gunning  S.,  M.D.,  Prof,  of  Midwifery,  &c 
in  the  Univ.  of  N.  York,  b.  1811,  at  Baltimore,  Md.  1.  Clinical 
Lects.  on  the  Diseases  of  Women  and  Children.  N.  Y.,  1855, 
Svo;  6th  ed.,  1857,  Svo.  AVe  have  before  us  twenty-three  com- 
mendatory notices  of  this  work.  2.  Treat,  on  the  Principle, 
and  Practice  of  Midwifery,  1 859, 8vo.  Trans.from  the  French 
and  edited  Chailly's  Midwifery;  May  grier's  Anatomy;  Eau- 
declocqne  on  Puerperal  Fever;  Boisseau  on  Cholera,  &o 

Bedford,  Hilkiah,  1663-1724,  was  admitted  of  St. 
John's  College  in  1679,  and  became  a  Fellow  thereof,  and 
a  clergyman  of  the  Church  of  England.     Refusing  to  take 
the  oaths  at  the  Revolution,  he  was  ejected.     He  was  fined 
1000  marks,  and  imprisoned  3  years  for  writing,  printing, 
and  publishing.  The  Hereditary  Right  of  the  Crown  of 
England  asserted,  Ac,  fob,  1713.     Of  this  work,  Mr.  George 
Harbin,  another  non-juring  clergyman,  afterwards  avowed 
himself  to  be  the  author.      SeeNiehols's  Liter.ary  Anec- 
dotes, vol.  i.  p.  168.       Bedford  tr.ans.  An  Answer  to  Fonte- 
nelle's  History  of  Oracles,  The  Life  of  Dr.  Barwick,  and 
pub.  A  Vindication  of  the  Church  of  England  in  1710,  8to, 
and  some  other  works. 
Bedford,  Thomas.  Cure  of  Diseases,  Lon.,  1615,8to. 
Bedford,  Thomas.    Theolog.  works,  Lon.,  1638-50. 
Bedford,  Thomas,  d.  1773,  second  son  of  Hilkiah, 
officiated  in  his  clerical  capacity  among  the  non-jurors. 
He  studied  at  St.  John's  College,  Cambridge.     He  edited 
Simeon  of  Durham's  De  Exordio  atque  procursu  Durhel- 
mensis  Ecelesiaj ;   which  was  printed  by  subscription  in 
1732,  Svo.     In  1742  he  pub.  an  Historical  Catechism;  the 
2d  ed.     The  1st  od.  was  taken  from  Abbe  Fleury. 
Bedford,  Thomas.     Sermons,  Ac,  1767-78. 
Bedford,  William.     Sermons,  1698,  Ac. 
Bedford,  Rev.  VV.  K.  Riland.   The  Blazon  of  Epis- 
copacy ;  being  a  Complete  List  of  all  the  Archbishops  and 
Bishops  of  England  from  the  First  Foundation  of  their 
Sees  to  the  Present  Time.  Lon.,  1S5S,  Svo. 

Bedingfield,  James.  A  Compendium  of  Medical 
Practice,  illustrated  by  interesting  and  instructive  Cases, 
and  by  practical  Pathological  and  Physiological  Observa- 
tions, Lon.,  1816,  Svo. 

Bedingfield,  Thomas,     Trans.  Cardan's  Comforto, 
Lon.,  1576,  4to.     The  History  of  Florence,  1595,  fol. 
Bedle,  Joseph.     Sermon,  Lon.,  1679,  4to. 
Bcdle,  Thomas.     P.  P.  of  the  Church  Militant,  1610. 
Bedloe,  Capt.  Wm.     Narrative  of  the  Horrid  Popish 
Plot,  Lon.,  1679,  fol.     The  Excommunicated  Prince,  Lon., 
1679,  fol.     Jacobs  ascribes  this  to  Bedloe,  but  Wood  to 
Thomas  Walter. 
Bedwell,  Thos.    Planes  and  Solids,  Lon.,  1631, 4to. 


BEE 

Bedwell,  Wm.,  1562-1632,  among  other  works  pub. 
a  trans,  out  of  Arabic  of  a  treatise  called  A  Discovery  of 
the  Manifold  Forgeries,  Falsehoods,  and  Horrible  Impieties 
of  the  Blasphemous  Seducer  Mahammod,  Lon.,  1615,  fol. 

Bee,  Jon.    Dictionary  of  the  Turf,  Ac,  Lon.,  1S23. 

Bee,  Thos.     Reports  Dist.  Court  S.  Carolina,  1810. 

Beearde,  Richard.  A  Godly  Psalm  of  Mary,  Queen, 
Lon.,  1558,  Svo.    Alphabetum  Beeardi. 

Beebe,  P.  O.     Leg.al  Treatises,  N.  York,  1834-37. 

Beecher,  Catherine  Esther,  b.  1800,  at  East  Hamp- 
ton, L.I.,  eldest  daughter  of  Dr.  Lyman  Beecher.  From  1822 
to  '32,  she  was  the  Principal  of  a  Female  Seminary  at  Hart- 
ford, Conn.,  during  which  time  she  pub.  a  Manual  of  Arith- 
metic, and  a  series  of  elementary  books  of  instruction  in 
Theology,  Mental  and  Moral  Philosophy.  In  1832,  shore- 
moved  to  Cincinnati  with  her  father,  and  for  two  years  was 
the  head  of  an  institution  for  female  instruction.  1.  Do- 
mestic Service.  2.  Duty  of  American  Women  to  their 
Country.  3.  Housekeeper's  Receipt-Book,  N.  Y'ork,  1845, 
12mo:  many  editions.  4.  The  True  Remedy  for  the  Wrongs 
of  Woman,  Best,,  1851,  12mo.  5.  Treatise  on  Domestic 
Economy,  N.York,  12mo.  6.  Truth  Stranger  than  Fiction, 
Best,  1850,  12mo.  7.  Letters  to  the  People  on  Health  and 
Happiness,  N.  York,  1855, 12mo.  8.  Physiology  and  Callis- 
thenics, N.York,  1856,  12mo.  9.  Common  Sense  Applied 
to  Religion,  N.  York,  1857,  I2mo.  This  work  is  said  to 
present  "  some  striking  departures  from  the  Calvinistio 
theology."     See  Appleton's  New  Amer.  Cyc. 

"The  printed  writiogsof  Miss  Beecher  have  been  connected  with 
her  governing  idea  of  promoting  the  best  interests  of  her  own  •sex 
and  can  scarcely  be  considered  as  the  true  index  of  what  her  "enius 
If  devoted  to  literary  pursuits,  might  have  BVodacei."—]Urs7uale's 
Woman  s  Record. 

"Miss  Beecher,  with  her  profound  and  acute  metaphysical  and 
religious  writings."— ffrisioofii's  Prosi-Writers  of  America. 

Beecher,  Rev.  Charles,  son  of  Dr.  Lyman  Beecher. 

1.  The  Incarmition,  or  Pictures  of  the  Virgin  and  her  Son  ; 
with  an  Introduction  by  Mrs.  Stowe,  12mo,  N.  Y'ork,  1S49! 

2.  Review  of  the  Spiritual  Manifestations,  N.  Y'ork,  1853^ 
12mo.     3.  Pen-Pictures  of  the  Bible,  N.York,  1855,  ISmo. 

Beecher,  Edward,  D.D.,  b.  1804,  eldest  son  of  Dr. 
Lyman  Beecher;  grad.Y'alo  Coll.,  1822;  Tutor  in  same  In- 
stitution, 1825  ;  Pastor  of  Park  St.  Church,  Bost.,  1826-31; 
Pres.HIinois  Coll.,  Jacksonville,  1831-44;  Pastor  of  Salem 
St.  Church,  Bost.,  1846-56.  1.  Baptism :  its  Import  and 
Modes,  N.  Y'ork,  12mo.  2.  Conflict  of  Ages,  Bost,,  1854, 
12ino.  3.  Papal  Conspiracy  Exposed,  N.  York,  1855, 12mo. 

Beecher,  Harriet.     See  Stowe. 

Beecher,  Rev.  Henry  Ward,b.  1S13,  at  Litchfield, 
Conn.,  son  of  Dr.  Lyman  Beecher ;  grad.  Amherst  Coll., 
1834,  and  studied  theology  under  his  father  at  the  Lane 
Seminary.  He  first  settled  as  a  Presbyterian  minister  at 
Lawrenoeburg,  Ind.,  1837,  and  removed  to  Indianapolis  in 
1S39,  where  he  remained  until  1S47,  when  he  accepted  an 
invitation  to  become  pastor  of  the  Plymouth  Church  ia 
Brooklyn,  N.Y.,  an  organization  of  Orthodox  Congrega- 
tional believers,  which  position  he  continues  to  occupy. 
As  a  preacher,  he  is  said  to  have  the  largest  uniform  con- 
gregation m  the  United  States,"  and  is  very  popular  as  a 
public  lecturer.  1.  Lectures  to  Young  Men,  Bost .  1850 
12mo;  many  edits.;  also  repub.  in  Dublin.  2.  Industry  and 
Idleness,  Phila.,  1850,  ISmo.  3.  The  Star  Papers,  N.York, 
1850,  12mo.  This  work  is  composed  of  articles  contri- 
buted to  the  N.  Y.  Independent,  and  met  with  a  large  sale. 
T..  m,  '"""  P'^P^s;  2d  Series,  N.  Y'ork,  1858,  12mo.  5. 
Life-Thoughts,  Bost.,  1858,  12mo:  25,000  copies  sold 
within  a  few  months  after  publication.  This  work  con- 
sists of  selections  from  his  extemporaneous  sermons  made 
^/■"^  °i  '^  congregation  and  afterwards  revised  by  him- 
self. 6.  Serms.,  N.  York,  185S,  12mo.  Ed.  Plymouth  Col- 
lechon  of  Hymns,  N.  York,  Svo,  12mo,  ISmo,  Ac 

Beecher,  LjTnan,  D.D.,  b.  Oct,  12, 1 775,  at  N.  Haven, 
Conn  grad.  at  Yale  CoU.  1797,  and  studied  divinity  under 
President  Dwight.  In  1798,  became  pastor  of  a  church  at 
Last  Hampton,  L.L,  and  from  1810  to  '26  was  pastor  of 
the  First  Church  of  Litchfield,  Conn.  He  became  pastor 
of  the  newly-established  Hanover  St.  Church,  Boston,  and 
took  an  active  part  in  the  opposition  to  Dr.  Channing 
and  others  in  the  controversy  which  occurred  among 
members  of  a  number  of  the  churches  of  New  England  in 
1826.  In  1S32,  he  became  President  of  the  Lane  Theo- 
logical Seminary  at  Cincinnati,  and,  at  the  same  time,  had 
charge  of  the  Second  Presbvterian  Church  of  that  city 
Since  1842  he  has  resided  at  Boston.  He  has  written  very 
effectively  in  the  cause  of  temperance.  1.  Plea  for  the 
West,  N.  York,  ISmo.  2.  Serms.  on  Various  Occasions,  N. 
York,  Svo,  1842.  3.  Views  in  Theology,  12mo.  4.  Skepti- 
cism, 12mo.    5.  Political  Atheism,  4o.   His  coUected  works 


BEE 


BEL 


have  been  pub.  under  his  own  supervision,  Best.,  3  vols. 
12ino.  Three  sons  and  two  daughters  of  Dr.  Beecher  oc- 
cupy a  place  in  our  Dictionary. 

Beechey,  Sir  Frederic  William,  1796-1858,  dis- 
tinguished himself  by  his  enterprise  in  voyages  of  explore^ 
tion  to  the  Pacific  and  Behring's  Strait,  and  to  the  north- 
ern coast  of  Africa.  Ho  was  author  of  Narrative  of  a 
Voyage  to  the  Pacific  and  Behring's  Strait  in  the  years 
1825-28,  Lon.,  1831,  2  vols.  4to,  pub.  at  £4  is.  Proceed- 
ings of  the  Expedition  to  explore  the  Northern  Coasts  of 
Africa  iu  1821,  '22,  Ac,  Lon.,  1827,  4to,  pub.  at  £3  Ss.,  n. 
W.  Beechey  co-author.  A  Voyage  of  Discovery  towards 
the  North  Isle,  Lon.,  1843,  8vo. 

The  Botany  of  Capt.  B.'s  Voyage  to  the  Pacific  and 
Behring's  Strait  was  pub,  in  10  numbers,  4to,  1834-41,  at 
£7  10«. ;  the  Zoology  iu  1839,  4to,  at  £5  58. ;  both  by  that 
enterprising  publisher  Henry  G.  Bohn,  London. 

"  Captain  Beechey's  Narrative,  we  venture  to  predict,  will  be 
generally  considered  as  the  most  iuterestiut;  of  the  whole  sei-ius  of 
recent  voyages.  Part  of  this  distinction  it  undoubtedly  owes  to 
the  much  greater  variety  and  extent  of  his  iicld  of  observation,  but 
part  olit  likewise  belongs  to  the  superiority  of  his  powers  of  com- 
position. Ilis  whole  work,  though  consisting  of  topics  of  bound- 
less diversit^v'.  hanes  so  capitally  together,  th.-it  we  cannot  hope, 
either  by  outline  or  extract,  to  give  a  just  conception  of  its  inte- 
rest,"— Lcrn.  Quarte.iiy  Review. 

Beeckman,  Captain  Daniel.  Voyage  to  and  from 
the  Islaud  of  Borneo  in  the  East  Indies,  Lon..  1718,  8vo. 
''  An  inten'Sliug  work,  even  at  this  period  of  time." 
Keprinted  in  the  11th  vol.  of  Pinkerton's  Collection  of 
Voyages  and  Travels. 

Beedonie.     Poems  Divine  and  Humane,  Lon.,  1641, 
8vo.     Reprinted  in  Wit  a  Sporting,  1657. 
Beek,  J.     Triumph  Royal,  Lon.  1692,  8vo. 
Beeke,  Henry,  1751-1837,  a  clergyman  and  political 
economist,  consulted  in  financial  affairs  by  Mr.  Pitt  and 
Mr.Vansittart.  (afterwards  Lord Bexley,)  pub.Observations 
on  the  Income  Tax,  1799,  8vo,  and  a  Letter  on  Peace  with 
France,  1798,  8vo. 
Beerc,  Richard.   Theological  works,  Lon.,  1789-91. 
Beeriuau.     Sermon.  Lon.,  1663,  4to. 
Beesley,  Henry.     The  Soul's   Conflict;  in  8  Serms., 
Lon.,  1656,  8vo. 
Beestou,  Edmund.     Practical  Sermons,  1739,  Svo. 
Beeston,  Sir  Wm.    Con,  to  Phil,  Trans.  1696. 
Bes!,',  James  A.     Theolog,  Works,  1831-50. 
Besse,  John.     Contcs  dcs  Fous,  Ac,  1812,  8vo. 
Begiey,  Corn.     English-Irish  Dictionary,  1732,  4to. 
Behu,  Aphra,  Aphara,  or  Afra,  d.  1689,  was  the 
daughter  of  Mr.  Johnson.  Governor  of  Surinam.     She  re- 
Bided  for  some  time  at  Antwerp,  where  she  was  employed 
as  a  secret  agent  of  the  English  government.     She  pub. 
Poems,  1st  vol.  1684  ;  2d  1685  ;  3d  1688  :  these  were  songs 
and   miscellanies   by  Rochester,    Etherege,  herself,    and 
others.     She  Jilso  wrote  17  plays,  and  several  histories 
and  novels.     See  edits,  in  Lowndes's  Bibl.  Manual.     She 
was  the  authoress  of  the  celelirated  letters  between  A 
jjobleman  and  His  Sister,  and  8  love-letters  other  own  to 
Lyeidas.     Oronokoo,  the  American  Prince,  a  Novel,  (from 
which  Southern  borrowed  his  Tragedy,)  was  the  fruit  of 
her  personal   acquaintance   with   that  noted  personage. 
The  paraphriise  of  (Enone's  Epistle  to  Paris,  in  the  Eng- 
lish translation  of  Ovid's  Epistles,  is  Mrs.  Behn's : 

"I  w.as  desired  to  say  that  the  author,  who  Ls  of  the  fiiir  sex, 
understood  not  Latin ;  but  if  she  do  not,  I  am  afraid  she  has  given 
us  who  do,  occasion  to  be  ashamed," — Drijdcn's  Preface  to  trans, 
of  Ovid. 

But  Dryden  did  not  always  weigh  his  words.  The  li- 
centiousness of  Mrs.  Behn's  pen  is  a  disgrace  to  her  sex, 
and  the  language.  Pope,  by  no  means  fastidious,  yet  re- 
bukes Mrs.  B.  in  a  well-known  couplet: 

"  The  stage  how  loosely  does  Astrwa  tread,"  &c. 
"  Most  of  her  comedies  have  had  the  good  fortune  to  please :  and 
the'  it  must  be  confest  that  she  has  borrowed  very  much,  not  only 
from  her  own  Country  Men.  but  likewise  from  the  French  Poets : 
yet  it  may  be  said  in  her  behalf,  that  she  has  often  been  forc'd  to 
it  thi-ough  haste ;  and  has  borrowed  from  others  Stores  r.at.her  of 
Choice  than  for  want  of  Wit  of  her  own."— Langbaine's  Dra- 
matic F&cts. 

•'  But  when  you  write  of  Love,  Astrea,  tiien 
Love  dips  his  Arrows  where  you  wet  your  pen. 
Such  charuiiug  Lines  did  never  P.aper  grace; 
Soft  as  your  Sex,  and  smooth  as  Beauty's  Face." 
CuARLES  Cotton. 
"It  is  no  wonder  that  her  wit  should  gain  her  the  esteem  of  Mr. 
Dryden,  Mr.  Southern,  and  other  men  of  genius." — Biog.  Dram. 
Bcighton,  Henry.  Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1731,  '38, '41. 
Beilby.  British  Quadrupeds,1790, Svo.  Birds,! 797,Svo. 
Beilby,  John.     Gauging  of  Casks,  Lon.,  1694, 12mo. 
Beilby,  Saml.,  D.D.     Sermons,  1781,  '90,  '95, 1804. 
Beke,  Charles  Tilstone.     Origines  Biblicae,   or 
158 


Researches  in  Primeval  History,  with  a  Map,  Lon.,  1834, 
8vo,  vol.  i. 

"  The  fir-st  attempt  to  reconstruct  history  on  the  principles  of  the 
young  science  of  geology.  The  author  endeavoiu-s  from  the  direct 
evidence  of  the  Scriptures  themselves-  to  determine  the  positions 
of  the  countries  and  places  mentioned  in  the  Old  Testament,  and 
the  order  in  which  they  were  peopled ;  and  to  expkiin  the  Origin 
and  Filiation  of  the  various  races  of  mankind,  and  of  the  lan- 
guages spoken  by  them.  It  is  intended  to  be  completed  in  an- 
other volume." — Lowndes. 

Bekinsau,  John,  1496-1559,  a  native  of  Wiltshire, 
studied  at  New  College,  Oxford,  where  be  was  noted  for 
his  proficiency  in  the  Greek  tongue.  He  wrote  De  Su- 
premo et  Absolute  Regis  Imperio.  printed  at  London  in 
1546,  in  8vo,  and  subse(|uently  in  the  first  volume  of  Mo- 
narchia  Romani  Imperii. Ac. by  MelchiorGoldas tat  Franc- 
fort,  1621,  fol.    Dibilin  mentions  a  doubtful  edition  of  1537 

'•  Leaving  behind  him  this  character  among  the  R.  Catholics, 
tliat  as  be  was  a  learned  man.  so  might  he  have  been  promoted 
according  to  his  deserts,  had  his  principles  been  constant." — 
Athrn.  O.Ton. 

Bel,  Thomas.     The  Fall  of  Papistry,  Lon.,  1628,  4to. 

Bel,  William.  The  Testament  of  W.  B.  Doway, 
1632,  12mo. 

Belbin,  Peter.     Sermons,  1733,  '38,  '41. 

Belcamp,  J.  V.    Consil.  Ac.  Hiljernia,  Lon.,  1651,  fol. 

Belcher.     The  L.aws  of  Nova  Scotia,  1767. 

Belcher,  or  Belchier,  Dabridgcourt,  was  ad- 
mitted at  Corpus  Christi  College,  Cambridge,  1598,  re- 
moved to  Christ  Church,  Oxford,  where  he  took  B.  A.  in 
1600.  He  trans,  into  English  Hans  Beorport,  his  Risible 
Comedy  of  ,See  me  and  See  me  not.  printed  Lon.,  1618,  4to. 
Phillips  and  Winstanley  erroneously  credit  Nash  with  this 
piece.  Wood  ascribes  some  other  pieces  to  him.  WQliam 
Belcher,  his  father,  was  a  friend  of  Guillim  the  herald, 
who  ta,kes  occasion  to  commend  him  as 

''  A  man  verv  complete  in  .all  L'entlemanhke  qualities,  a  lover  of 
arts,  .and  a  diligent  searcher  after  matters  pertaining  to  honour 
and  contiguity."— Z>!sp'<ii/  rf  Hirakhy. 

The  gentleman  so  lauded  prefixed  some  Latin  lines  to 
the  Display,  in  which  he  enumerates  some  early  English 
authors  on  heraldry: 

"  Armorum  primus  Wynl-yn  Me  wordeus  artem 
Protulit.  et  ternis  liuguis  lustiavit  eandem : 
Aecedit  Leghus:  concordat  perbene  Bosweil, 
Armor  ioque  suo  vivi  diguatur  honoris, 
Clarorum  clypeis  et  cristis  ornat :  eamque 
Pulchre  nobilitat  .,',ii.Ti^  bbiznnia.  Fend: 
Amorum  proprinni  di"  nit  If/r/ciH.v  et  nsTun." 

Belcher,  Capt.  Sir  Kdward,  K.C.B..  F.R.S.,  Ac,  b. 
1799.   Voyage  round  the  World,  1835-42, 1843,  2  vols.  8vo. 

"  Among*  the  countries  visited  by  the  Sulphur  which  in  the  pre- 
sent state  of  science  are  invested  with  more  particular  interest  may 
be  mentioned  the  Cahfornias,  Columbia  Kivor,  the  N.W.  Coast  of 
North  America,  Ac." 

Botany  of  the  Voyage  of  H.  M.  Ship  Sulphur,  4to.  Voyage 
to  the  Eastern  Archipelago,  1843-46,  2  vols.  Svo.  The  Last 
of  the  Arctic  Voyages,  2  vols.  r.  Svo,  1855.  Generally  un- 
favourably reviewed. 

Belcher,  Mrs.  J.,  U.  States.  Con.  to  Phih  Trans..  1755. 

Belcher,  Joseph,  D.D.,  b.  1794,  Birmingham,  Eng.,  a 
Baptist  minister,  settled  in  U.  States.  Poetical  Sketches 
of  Biblical  Subjects,  Ac;  Scripture  Narratives ;  Married 
Life;  Pastoral  Recollections;  The  Clergy  of  America; 
Live  .loyfuUy;  The  Baijtist  Pulpit  of  the  United  States; 
Religious  Denominations  of  the  U.  States,  Svo,  (many  eds. 
pub.;)  George  Whitefield,  a  Biography,  Ac.  He  is  said  to 
have  written  and  pub.  more  religious  volumes  than  any 
other  author  of  the  present  century.  Dr.  Belcher  haa 
edited  The  Complete  Works  of  Andrew  Puller,  of  Robert 
Hall.  Ac.,  and  been  engaged  in  other  literary  labours. 

Second  edition  of  Interesting  Narratives  from  the  sacred 
volume,  illustrated  and  improved.  Revised  and  enlarged, 
with  Additional  Narratives,  by  the  author. 

'^  Simplicity  of  language,  and  a  spirit  of  genuine  piety,  ch.v 
racterize  these  Interesting  Narratives;  which,  added  to  Mr.  Bel- 
cher's happy  method  of  improviug  the  various  incidents  that  pass 
under  his  review,  render  the  book  a  most  acceptable  present  for 
young  people.'' — Sci'ipliire  Mag. 

"  In  every  narrative,  the  author  holds  us  in  rapt  and  delighted 
attention,  pleases  us  with  the  chastity  of  his  style,  the  elegance 
of  his  simplicity,  and  the  pertinence  and  propriety  of  his  remarks. 
N.arratives  like" these  are  calcuLated  to  make  their  way  almost  in- 
sensibly to  the  youthful  mind,  and  prepossess  it  in  favour  of  those 
pages  ill  which  thev  are  found." — Baptist  Mag. 

Belcher,  Saml.,  U.  States.     Sermon,  1707. 

Belcher,  Wm.  1.  Essays.  2.  The  Galaxy,  Lon., 
1787,  '90. 

Belches,  R.  General  View  of  the  Agriculture  of  the 
County  of  Stirling.  Ac,  Edin.,  1794.  4to. 

"Of  superior  merit." — DmtaMsori^s  j4gricidl.  Biog. 

Belchier,    John,    Surgeon.   Con.  to   Phil.   Trans,, 
1732,  '36. 
Belchier,  John.     Sennon,  1754,  4to. 


BEL 


BEL 


Belfour,  Re^.  Hugo  James,  1S02-1S27,  wrote  the 
Vampire,  and  Montezuma,  dramatic  pieces  pub.  under  the 
assumed  name  of  St.  John  Dorset. 

"  Poesessiiiii,  with  much  facility  of  composifinn,  poetical  talents 
of  no  common  order ;  his  reputation  as  a  scholar  and  a  man  of 
genius  rendered  him  well  known,  while  in  Enj^laud,  in  the  lite- 
rary circles." — Lon.  Gent.  M<ig.,  1827. 

Belfour,  John.  Tables,  Lon.,  1S04.  Spanish  Hero- 
ism, LSOy.  Music;  a  Poem  from  the  Spanish,  ISll.  Ray's 
English  Proverbs,  1S13. 

Belfour,  John.  History  of  Scotland.  Lon.,1770,12mo. 

"This  epitome  may  prove  very  acceptable  to  those  who  are  not 
possessed  of  the  larfxer  histories  of  Scotland.  The  Author,  to  use 
his  own  words,  writes  in  a  style  'rather  elevated  than  lifeless;' 
and  his  prineiples  are  friendly  to  freedom,  both  civil  and  reli- 
gious."— L"n.  Mnnthhi  R'virio, 

Belfour,  Uev".  Okey.  Lyceum,  1809.  Sermon,  1818. 

Belfrage,  Henry,  D.D.,  1774-1835.  Practical  Dis- 
courses for  tlie  Young,  1817.  Practical  Exposition  of  the 
Assembly's  Shorter  Catechism,  2  vols.  12mo. 

"  This  work  exhibits  a  system  of  thenloL'y  in  a  popular  form,  and 
is  particiUarly  adapted  for  family  instruction." — Lowndes. 

"  A  truly  evani^-'lictil  spirit  pervades  every  page,  and  renders  it 
the  property  of  the  Universal  Church." — Cnngri'fj.  Magazine, 

Sacramental  Addresses  and  Meditations,itc.,2  vols.  12mo. 

*'  A  most  useful  work,  well  worthy  the  notice  of  every  young 
minist^T." 

A  Guide  to  the  Lord's  Table,  in  the  Catechetical  Form,  Ac. 

"  A  most  romprehensive  and  Scriptural  view  of  the  solemn  ordi- 
nance to  which  it  relates." 

A  Monitor  to  Families,  Edin.,  1823,  12mo;  several  eds. 

*'Dr.  Belfrage's  Discourses  should  have  a  place  in  every  parish 
and  family  library." — Lowndes. 

A  Memoir  of  Alexander  Waugb,  D.D.,  hy  Ilay  and  H. 
Belfrage,  1830,  8vo.  Dr.  B.  pub.  some  other  works.  See 
Life  and  Correspondence  by  McKerrow,  Svo. 

Belgrave,  Richard,  D.D.,  flourished  in  1320  under 
tlie  reign  of  Edwnrd  II.,  and  was  educated  at  Cambridge. 
He  wrot«  among  other  works  Theological  Determinations, 
in  one  book,  the  subject  of  which  was,  Utrum  Essentia 
Divina  possit  videri?  Whether  the  Divine  Essence  could 
be  seen  ?  Ordinary  Questions,  in  one  book.  Pits  gives 
him  the  character  of  a  man  of  eminent  integrity  and  piety. 

"  Tins  single  ijni'stion.  coocernini;  the  Divine  Essence,  is  enough 
to  show  thi'  iiuifiiity  of  the  inquiries  and  studies  which  engaged 
the  attention  of  mi-ii  in  that  age." 

Bel|?rove,  Wm,  A  Treatise  upon  Husbandry  and 
Planting.  Boston,  New  England,  1765,  4to. 

Belhaveu,  Lord.  Speech  on  the  Union,  1706,  Svo. 
Memorable  Speeches  in  the  Last  Parliament  of  Scotland, 
1706,  4to. 

"Equally  distinguished  for  the  mighty  sway  of  his  talents  and 
the  resoluteness  of  bis  temper."  See  Dr.  C.  A.  Goodrich's  Select 
British  Kloquenre. 

Belin^,  Richard,  1613-1677,  a  native  of  County 
Dultliu.  Irelnnd.  was  a  leading  Roman  Catholic  during  the 
rebellion  of  1641.  Vindiciarum  Catholicarum  Hibernite, 
Paris,  1650,  12mo. 

"  A  pretty  accurate  account  of  Irish  affairs  from  1641  to  1649." 

Pub.  under  the  name  of  Philopater  Ircna^us.  Beling 
wrote  several  other  works.  "Whilst  a  student  at  Lincoln's 
Inn,  ho  added  a  6th  book  to  Sir  Philip  Sidney's  Arcadia, 
which  was  printed  with  that  romance,  Lon.,  1633,  fol.,  with 
only  the  initials  of  his  name. 

'•  Beling's  account  of  the  transactions  in  Ireland  during  the  pe- 
riod of  the  rebellion  is  esteemed  more  worthy  of  credit  than  any 
[other]  written  by  the  Koman  party." — Lowndf.s. 

Belisario,  A,  31,     Trial  of  Arthur  Hodge.  ISll,  Svo. 

Bclke,  Thomas.  Scripture  Inquiry,  ur  Helps  for 
Memory  in  the  Duties  of  Piety,  Lon.,  1641,  Svo. 

Belknap,  Jeremy,  1744-1798,  was  a  native  of  Boston, 
Massachusetts.  He  graduated  at  Harvard  College  in  1762, 
and  entered  the  ministry  of  the  Congregational  Church  in 
1767.  Ho  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the  Massachusetts 
Historical  Society,  (incorporated  in  1794,)  and  took  a  lively 
interest  in  its  affairs.  He  pub.  The  History  of  New  Hamp- 
shire, of  which  the  1st  voL  was  printed  in  Philadelphia  in 
17S4,  and  reprinted  in  Boston  in  1792,  with  the  (2d  1791) 
3d.  The  3  vols,  were  reprinted,  Boston,  1S13,  Svo.  The 
4th  ed.  of  vol.  i.  was  pub.  in  Dover,  N.  Hampshire,  in  1831, 
Svo.  A  Discourse  intended  to  commemorate  the  Discovery 
of  America  by  Columbus,  with  4  Dissertations,  Boston, 
1792.  Svo.  American  Biography,  1st  voh,  1794;  2d,  1798. 
Since  pub.  in  3  vols.  The  Foresters.  Dr.  Belknap  pub.  a 
number  of  sermons,  fugitive  essays,  historical  treatises,  &c. 

Of  his  History  of  New  Hampshire,  vols.  1st  and  2d  are 
historical,  vol.  3d  relates  to  climate,  soil,  produce,  &c. 

"His  deficiency  in  natural  science,  as  manifested  in  his  history 
of  New  Hampshire,  is  rendered  more  prominent  by  tlie  rapid  pro- 
gress of  natural  history  since  his  death.  His  Foresters  is  not  only 
a  description  of  American  manners,  but  a  work  of  humour  and 
wit,  which  went  into  a  second  edition." — Alkn's  Ame.riain  Bioa. 
Pict,  ^ 


Bell.  Remembrance  of  Christenings  and  Mortality; 
containing  the  Weekly  Bills  during  the  Plague,  1665,  4to. 

Bell.  The  General  and  Particular  Principles  of  Ani- 
mal Electricity  and  Magnetism,  <Sc..  in  which  are  found 
Dr.  Bell's  Secrets  and  Practice,  Lon.,  1792,  Svo. 

"  Must  wonderful  Dr.  Belli  "We  will  mit  rob  you  of  any  of  your 
secrets  by  transcribing  them :  if  our  readers  wish  to  explore  them 
thov  may  buy  the  book,  and  pay  fur  it." — L077.  Moufhh/  liKview. 

Bell,  Andrew,  D.D.,  1753-1S32,  obtained'much  ce- 
lebrity as  the  introducer  into  England  of  what  is  called 
the  Madras  system  of  education.  Joseph  Lancaster  ia 
considered  by  some  as  entitled  to  this  honour,  but  it  ia 
thought  by  many  that  the  credit  belongs  to  Dr.  B.  His 
principal  work  is  National  Education.  &c.,  1S12,  8"  ».  A 
list  of  i)ublicatious  upon  the  sulijects  of  the  Bell  and  Lan- 
caster Questi<^in,  and  education,  and  a  Review  will  be  found 
in  the  Lon.  Monthly  Review,  vol.  Ixviii.,  1812. 

''  Tlie  boys  at  Madras  taught  so  well,  and  the  school  under  their 
teaching  prospered  so  much,  that  the  doctor  Itecame  intoxic;ited 
with  the  mode,  and  even  allowi'd  himself  to  suppose  that  in  all 
cases  and  circumstances,  teaching  by  the  pupils  themselves  is  liet- 
ter  than  teaching  by  masters.  This  is  a  supposition  really  too 
weak  to  bear  being  refuted." 

Bell,  Archibald.    Church  Members'  Directory,  1776. 

Bell,  Areliiliald,     Use  of  Grain  in  Distilleries,  ISOS. 

Bell,  Archibald.  The  New  Testament,  with  the  Text 
in  Paragraphs,  and  illust.  l)y  Rhetorical  Punctuation,  Svo. 

"The  rhetorical  punctuation  introduced  by  Mr.  Eell  gives  on 
astonishing  eflect  to  the  delivery  of  any  passage,  being  perfectly 
in  unison  witli  the  respiratory  and  vocal  powers." 

Cabinet:  Original  Essays,  2  vols.  Svo.  Count  Clermont, 
tragedies,  and  other  poems,  p.  Svo. 

Bell,  Beauprc,  d.  1745.  an  antiquary,  assisted  Blome- 
field  in  the  History  of  the  County  of  Norfolk. 

"My  late  friend,  Mr.  Beaupre  Bell,  a  young  gentleman  of 
most  excellent  knowledge  in  medals,  whose  immature  death  is  a 
real  loss  to  this  part  of  learning,  was  busy  in  putting  out  a 
book  like  that  of  Patoral,  and  left  his  manuscripts,  plates,  and 
coins  to  Trinity  College,  Cambriilge." — Stukely  :  Memoirs  of 
Ourausius. 

Bell,  Benjamin,  an  eminent  surgeon,  a  native  of 
Edinburgh,  pub.  a  number  of  professional  and  other  works, 
Ellin.,  1778-92.  His  principal  work  is  A  System  of  Sur- 
gery, Edin.,  Svo.  Vol.  1.  1783;  2  and  3,  17S4;  4,  17So  j 
5.  1787;  6,  1788.  7th  edit.,  1801,  in  7  vols.,  trans,  into 
French  by  Bosquillon,  Paris,  1796,  6  vols.  Svo;  into  Ger- 
man by  E.  G.  Hebenstreit,  Leipsig,  1784—89,  7  vols.  Svo; 
again  in  1792-99,  and  1804-10,  Svo.  His  first  work,  Trea- 
tise on  the  Theory  and  Management  of  Ulcers,  Edin.,  1778, 
Svo,  reached  its  7th  edit,  in  ISOl.  Trans,  into  German 
and  French. 

"  Ilis  System  of  Surgery  for  a  long  time  held  the  first  place  in 
Medical  libraries,  and  may  still  be  referred  to  with  advantage,  as 
it  affords  a  true  picture  of  the  state  of  the  art  at  his  time,  and 
does  the  author  credit  for  his  endeavours  to  divest  it  of  the  useless 
macliinery  with  which  it  was  then  encumbered." 

Essays  on  Agriculture,  Edin.,  1802,  Svo. 

'*  These  essays  are  political,  rather  than  practical." — Donaldson's 
AgricuU.  Bi»g. 

Bell,  Benjamin,  of  Wigton.  Con.  to  Med.  Com.,  17S9. 

Bell,  Sir  Charles,  1778-1842,  was  a  native  of  Edin- 
burgh, and  Professor  of  Surgery  in  the  university  of  that 
city.  He  settled  in  London  in  1SU6,  where  he  soon  became 
highly  distinguished  for  skill  and  professional  knowledge. 
System  of  Dissections,  Edin.,  1798-99.  Essay  on  the 
Anatomy  of  E.xpression  in  Painting,  Lon.,  1806.  4to.  The 
plntes  for  the  Svo  edit,  have  been  reduced  in  size,  and 
suffer  materially  in  consequence.  The  2d  edit,  of  the  Aid 
size  was  puh.  in  1824.  4th  ed.  roy.  Svo,  1847.  The  illus- 
trations of  the  author's  works  were  all  drawn  by  himself. 

"  The  artist,  the  writer  of  fiction,  the  dramatist,  the  man  of  taste, 
will  receive  the  present  work  (which  is  got  up  with  an  elegance 
worthy  of  its  subject)  with  gratitude,  and  peruse  it  with  a  lively  and 
increasing  interest  and  delight." — Lon,  Christian  Ji'cmnnhrmicer. 

Illustrations  of  the  Great  Operations  of  Surgery:  Tre- 
pan, Hernia,  Amputation,  Aneurism,  and  Lithotomy,  fol., 
20  c.  p.  engravings,  1821  and  1S41. 

"This  is  one  of  the  most  important  works  of  its  class.  It  la 
needless  to  s:iy  that  8ir  Charles  Bell  st.ands  in  the  very  tirst  rank 
of  practical  contributors  to  the  scientific  literature  of  this  country." 

Anatomy  of  the  Brain,  1811,  4to.  Diseases  of  the  Ure- 
thra. Ac,  3d  ed.,  with  Notes  by  John  Shaw,  1S22.  Svo. 
The  Hand,  its  Mechanism  and  Vital  Endowments,  as  evinc- 
ing Design,  Lon.,  1833,  Svo.  This  is  the  fourth  Bridge- 
water  Treatise. 

'■  The  book  atTords  a  great  deal  to  interest  and  instruct  the  mind, 
and  to  invito  it,  by  a  promise  of  much  rational  amusement,  to 
studies  that  may  not  appear  at  first  sight  to  bo  susceptible  of  such 
a  purpose." — Lo72.  Mrmthlg  Bfview. 

*'  f^ir  Charles  enters  into  the  whole  physical  system  of  man,  to 
the  e.xpositiou  of  which  who  can  be  more  competent?"' — Lmi.  Quar* 
terly  Jieview. 

"  He  has  by  a  series  of  experiments,  performed  more  than  twen- 
ty-two years  ago,  determined  many  important  questious  relative  to 
the  functions  of  the  nervous  system." 

159 


BEL 


BEL 


See  his  Nervous  System  of  the  Human  Boily,  &c.,  3d 
ed.,  18U,  8vo,  and  other  works.  But  Alexander  Walker 
in  The  Nervous  System,  Lon.,  1814,  speaking  of  his  own 
early  discoveries,  declares  that  the  more  recent  doctrine  of 
Bell,  Magendie,  &c.,  is  a  plagiarism  upon  him, 

"  An  inversion  and  a  blunder,  assocjjited  with  useless  experi- 
ments, which  they  have  neither  understood  nor  exj)Iain.-d." 

'•You  are  ahold  man.  Mr.  Walker,  and  it  is  to  he  Rared  yon 
think  too  favourably  of  yourself.  It  may  be  true  what  you  say, 
but  modesty  and  genius  are  very  usually  twins." — Lon.  Mnntldy 
Reinfiv,  1S33. 

Institutes  of  Surgery,  1837,  2  vols.  p.  8vo.  For  a  notice 
of  other  works  of  this  eminent  Surgeon,  see  Memoir  in 
Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  July,  1842. 

Bell,  Georsje.     Sermon,  1713-18. 

Bell,  George.     Assize  Sermon,  1722,  etc. 

Bell,  Georgte.     On  Cancer.  Lon.,  178S,  Svo. 

Bell,  George,     On  Cow  Pox.  Edin.,  1802.  12mo. 

Bell,  George.  Rejoice  and  do  Good ;  or  the  Road  to 
Happiness:  a  Charity  Sermon,  1805.  Svo. 

Bell,  George  Joseph,  1770-1847,  brother  to  Sir 
Charles.  Legal  treatises.  Commentaries  on  the  Laws  of 
Scotland,  and  on  the  Principles  of  Mercantile  Jurispru- 
dence;  5th  ed.,  Edin.,  1826,  2  vols.  4to. 

"If  we  were  required  to  point  out  the  work  in  our  lancruage 
which  approaches  more  nearly  than  all  others  to  the  beau  ideal  of 
an  elementary  treatise  in  jurisprudence,  cnmbiniufr  the  various 
requisites  of  theory  and  practice,  in  the  most  perfert  harmony,  we 
should,  without  hesitation,  name  Bell's  Commentaries  on  the  Laws 
of  Scotland." 

Mr.  Bell's  works  are  highly  esteemed.  His  Treatise  on 
the  Law  of  Bankruptcy  in  Scotland,  2  vols.  Svo,  Edin., 
1804,  is  said  to  have  been  the  first  general  treatise  written 
upon  the  law  of  Bankruptcy  in  Scotland. 

Bell,  Henry,     Original  of  Painting,  Lon.,  1728,  Svo. 

Bell,  Henry  Glasford,  formerly  founder  and  editor 
of  Edinburgh  Literary  Journal,  1S30-32,  author  of  Poems, 
1829.  Life  of  Mary  Queen  of  Scots,  Svo,  1840.  Has  been 
Sherifif-Substitute  of  Lanarkshire,  Scotland,  under  Sir  A. 
Alison,  for  the  last  twenty-five  years. 

Bell,  Henry  Nugent,  Huntingdon  Peerage,  Lon., 
1820,  4to. 

"  The  j^enealojrical  account  of  the  family  is  wholly  composed  from 
the  most  authentic  sources,  and  the  sincular  circumstances  attend- 
ing the  establishment  of  the  claim  to  the  title  of  Iluntinpidon, 
which  had  been  unclaimed  for  nearly  thirty  years,  are  detailed 
with  more  spirit  and  Tivaoity  than  truth." — Lowndes. 

Bell,  J.,  Lt.  Col.     Defence  on  his  Trial,  1810. 

Bell,  J.  A  Practical  Treatise  on  the  Game  Laws,  Ac, 
Lon.,  1S39.  12mo. 

'■The  author  has  arranced  his  matter  well;  selected  his  cases 
with  discretion;  prepared  his  forms  correctly;  and.  on  the  whole, 
produced  a  work  extremely  creditable  to  his  industry." — Marvm's 
Lffjal  Bihl. 

Bell,  J.  S,  Journal  of  a  Residence  in  Circassia  dur- 
ing the  years  18-37,  '38,  *39,  Lon.,  1840.  2  vols.  Svo. 

"  An  exciting.;  and  well-told  narrative  of  the  Circassian  struggle 
for  ind'-pendencH  aji^ainst  the  Russians. " 

Bell,  James,  Translated  into  English  several  works 
in  favour  of  the  Reformation ;  pub.  Lon.,  1578,  '79,  '80,  'SI. 

Bell,  James.  Sermons  preached  before  the  University 
of  Glasgow,  Lon.,  1790,  Svo, 

Bell,  James,  Con.  to  Med.    Facts,   1800. 

Bell,  James,  1769-1833.  A  System  of  Popular  and 
Scientific  Geography,  6  vols.,  etc. 

*'  Nothing  can  exceed  the  interest  and  the  value  of  this  work  of 
Mr.  Bell;  indeed,  asaSystemof  Oeograjiby,  it  has  no  rival  in  this 
country." — Dublin  Vtnversity  Mirj. 

"The  author  of  this  Sy.stem  of  Geography  is  certainly  one  of  the 
first  critical  geographers  in  this  country.  It  is  the  best  work  on  Geo- 
graphy in  the  Eiif^lish  language." — Ecbn.  Jmir.nf  Nat.and  Oeog.  Set. 

Bell,  Major  James.  Chronological  Tables  of  Uni- 
versal Hist,  to  End  of  Keign  of  Geo.  IIL,  Lon.  1820,  r.  foL 

Bell,  John.    Gratiarura  Actio,  etc.,  Edin.,  1590,  16mo. 

Bell,  John.     Farewell  Sermon.  Lon.,  1743,  Svo. 

Bell,  John.     Assize  Sermon,  17G1. 

Bell,  John,  of  Autermony,  1691-17S0.  Travels 
from  St.  Petersliurg  in  Russia  to  divers  parts  of  Asia, 
Glasg.,  1763,  2  vols.  4to;  Duhlin,  1764;  Edin.,  1788,  and 
1806;  also  in  the  7th  vol.  of  Pinkerton's  Collection  of 
Voyages  and  Travels. 

"The  best  nindtil  for  travel-writing  in  the  English  language." — 
Lrm,  Qii'irt'T!//  I^-irirw. 

Bell,  John.  System  of  English  Grammar,  Glasg.,1769. 

Bell,  John.  New  Pantheon,  or  Historical  Dictionary 
of  the  Gods,  Demi-Gods,  Heroes,  ami  Fabulous  Personages 
of  Antiquity,  2  vols.  4to,  plates,  Lon..  1790. 

"It  is  copious  and  generally  correct,  and,  on  the  whole,  very 
faitlil'ully  and  very  judiciously  compiled." — Lim.  Month.  Rev. 

''An  excellent  and  useful  compilation." — LnwMiES. 

Mr.  Bell  also  pub.  A  Dictionary  i.f  Religion,  1815,  and 
Lectures  on  the  Church  Catechism,  1816,  12mo. 


Bell,  John,  M.D.,  d.  1801.     Diseases  of  Soldiers,  Ac, 

Lon.,  17UI,  Svo. 

Bell,  John,  1763-1820,  a  celebrated  surgeon  of  Edin- 
burgh, brother  to  Sir  Charles  Bell,  (u.  ante.)  System  of 
the  Anatomy  of  the  Human  Body:  vol.  i.,  Edin.,  1793;  ii., 
1797;  iii.,  1802;  iv.,  1S04;  last  two  in  conjunction  with 
Sir  Charles  Bell;  6th  edit,  of  the  whole,  1S26.  Trans,  into 
German  by  J.  C.  A.  Heinroth  and  J.  C.  Kusenmuller,  Leip- 
sig,  1806-07,  2  vols.  Svo.  A  volume  of  Engravings  to 
illustrat*  the  structure  of  the  Bones,  Muscles,  and  Joints, 
Lon.,  1790,  4tu  ;  and  again  in  18US.  Drawings  by  Mr.  Bell  ; 
a  vol.  to  illustrate  the  Arteries,  in  the  same  manner,  by  Sir 
C.  Bell,  in  1801,  Svo,  and  in  1S06  and  '11.  Illustralions 
of  the  Brains  and  Nerves,  by  Sir  C.  Bell,  2  vols.  4to,  1802-03. 

Mr.  Bell's  ill  health  obliged  him  to  visit  Italy ;  and  he  d. 
of  dropsy,  at  Rome,  April  15, 1820.  In  1825,  Mrs.  Bell  pub. 
his  Observations  on  Italy  from  notes  made  during  his  tour. 

"ilis  picturesque  descriptions  of  the  country  are  fresh  and  de- 
lightful landscapes;  while  his  remarks  on  the  pictorial  and  sculp- 
tured tre^isures  of  Italy  are  replete  with  feeling  and  judgment, 
without  the  cant  of  the  connoisseur  or  the  servile  repetition  of  the 
guide-instructed  tourist." — Lon.  Lit.  Gaz. 

Bell,  John,  b.  1800,  a  celebrated  sculptor,  has  pub. 
Compositions  from  the  Liturgy,  and  Frec-Hand  Drawing- 
Book  fur  the  Use  of  Artisans. 

Bell,  John,  M.D.,  b.  1796,  in  Ireland,  settled  in  U.  S 
1810 ;  grad.  Univ.  Penn.  1817.  1.  Baths  and  Min.  Waters, 
Phila.,  1831.  2.  Health  and  Beauty,  1S3S.  3.  Regimen 
and  Longevity,  1842.  4.  Lectures  on  the  Prac.  of  Physic; 
4th  cd..  1848.  5.  Baths  and  the  Water  Regimen,  iS49. 
6.  Min.  and  Thermal  Springs  of  the  U.  States  and  Canada, 
1855.  Dr.  B.  was  a  lecturer  for  many  years  on  the  Institutes 
of  Medicine,  .tc.  in  the  Phila.  Med.  Inst.,  and  for  two  years 
Prof,  of  the  Theory  and  Practice  of  Medicine  in  the  Med. 
Coll.  of  Ohio.  Since  1829  has  contributed  to,  and  edited 
some  of,  the  leading  medical  journals  of  the  U.  States. 

Bell,  John  Gray,  bookseller,  Manchester.  Eug.  Essay 
on  the  Constitution  and  Government  of  Eng.,  1S45,  12mo. 
Descriptive  and  Critical  Catalogue  of  Works  illustrated  by 
Thomas  and  John  Bewick;  with  notices  of  their  pupils  and 
other  wood-engravers,  imp.  Svo,  illustrated :  20  copies,  large 
paper,  imp.  4to,  1851.  Geuealog.  Account  of  the  Descendants 
of  Gaunt,  Duke  of  Lancaster,  large  fol.,  portraits  and  plate 
of  arms.     Printed  for  private  circulation  only,  1855. 

Bell,  Robert.    Case  of  Legitimacy,  ISll,  Edin.,  1S25. 

Bell,  Robert.  Rerum  Hispanicarum  Scriptures  ali- 
quot. Francf.,  1578,  2  vols.  fol. 

Bell,  Robert.     Con.  to  Med.  Com..  17S6. 

Bell,  Robert.     Peasantry  in  Ireland,  Lon.,  1804,  Svo. 

Bell,  Robert,  b.  ISUO,  at  Cork,  Ireland.  Hist,  of  Rus- 
sia; in  Lardner's  Cab.  Cyc,  Lon.,  1836-38,  3  vols.  12mo. 
Lives  of  English  Poets ;  in  do.,  Lon.,  1839,  2  vols.  12mo. 
Lives  of  Eng.  Dramatists,  by  R.  B.,  Dr.  Dunham,  Ac,  in 
Lardner's  Cab.  Cyc,  Lon.,  1837,  2  vols.  12mo.  Hearts  and 
Altars,  3  vols.  p.  Svo.  Ladder  of  Gold,  1857,  3  vols.  p.  Svo, 
and  12mo.     Wayside  Pictures  through  France,  dkc,  Svo, 

Bell,  Lt. -Col.  Robert.  Management  of  Guns,  Lon., 
1809.  Svo. 

Bell,  Robert,  Jr.  Legal  Works,  Edin.,  1792-1S14. 
Diet,  of  the  Law  of  Scotland,  enlarged  by  William  Bell. 

Bell,  S.D.  Sheriffiu  N.  Hampshire,  Cone,  1843, 12mo. 

Bell,  S.  S.  The  Law  of  Property  as  arising  from  the 
relation  of  Husband  and  Wife,  Lon.,  1849,  Svo. 

Bell,  Susanna.  Her  Legacy;  or,  Experience  about 
Conversion,  Lon.,  1673,  Svo. 

Bell,  Sydney.  Ct.  of  Session,  lSOS-33,  Edin..  1834, 4to. 
Rep.«.  Scotch  Appeals,  H.  of  Lords,  1842-50,  7  vols,  r.  Svo. 

Bell,  or  Bel,  Thomas,  author  of  several  controversial 
works  against  the  R.  Catholics.  Motives  concerning  Romish 
Faith  and  Religion,  Camlx.  1593,  4to;  reprinted  1605. 

■'  In  which  motives  the  cliief  grounds  of  Papistry  arc  not  only 
shaken,  but  the  bulwark  thereof  is  beaten  down  as  no  Papist  in 
the  world  is  or  shall  be  able  to  stand  in  denial  of  the  same." — 
Stryjif's  Annals. 

Anatomic  of  Popish  Tyrannic.  Lon.,  1603,  4to. 

"  Interesting  for  the  notices  it  affords  of  many  distinguished 
Jesuits  in  England  during  the  reign  of  Elizabeth." — Lowndes. 

Bell  was  engaged  in  controversy  with  the  notorious 
Robert  Parsons :  for  a  list  of  their  pamphlets,  see  Lowndes's 
Brit.  Librarian,  p.  1054. 

Bell,  Thomas,  b.  1792.  Hist,  of  British  Quadrupeds, 
with  nearly  200  illustrations,  1837,  Svo. 

"  Nothing  remains  to  be  added  but  an  assurance  as  strong  as  our 
critical  ciiaiacter  can  warrant,  that,  without  an  inspection  and 
perusal  of  the  work,  no  one  can  believe  how  rich  it  is  in  useful  and 
entertuitiing  knowledge,  or  how  graphically  and  exquisitely  it  is 
embelliHhed." — Lon.  Monthly  Rev. 

History  of  British  Reptiles.  1S39,  Svo.  Monograph  of 
the  Testudinata.  7  Pts.  fol.,  1836.  Hist,  of  British  Stalk- 
eyed  Crustacea,  Svo,  1853. 


BEL 

Bell,  Thomas.  Antiquitatum  Romanorum  Compen- 
dium, Glasg.,  1672,  12mo,  Lon.,  1677. 

"■^  ■'<"■?  brief  compendium,  highly  extolled  by  contomporarT 
versifiers,  v        j 

Survey  of  Popery,  1696.  4to. 

Bell,  Thomas.     Charity  Sermon,  1719,  Sro. 

Bell,  Thomas.  Con.  to  MeJ.  Com..  1774. 

Bell,  Thomas.     jMilitary  First  Principles,  Lon.,  1770. 

Bell,  W.     Latin  and  Greek  Grammar,  1775,  12mo 

Bell,  William,  1625-16S.3,  Archdeacon  of  St.  Alhan's, 
was  elected  scholar  of  St.  John's  College,  Oxford,  and  after' 
wards  Fellow.     Sermons,  1661,  72,  '78. 

••Leaviii:,'  behind  him  a  precious  name  among  his  parishioners 

not  .m-'ik^'r-',;  ^r^^uf'  ^"^  °"""'  ™''"*''^'  "f  "-bich  they  could 
nor  sptMk  fiiim^'h.  — Atheii.  Oxnn. 

,   ","',''  "''"iam.     Excellency,  ic.  of  Patience,  Lon., 
Ibj  4-,  Svo. 

Bell,  William.  Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.  1793 
Bell,  -yVilliara.     Stream  of  Time,  Lon.,  ISIO,  Svo. 
German  Literature,  1811    12ino. 

Bell,  William.  A  Dictionary  and  Digest  of  the 
Laws  of  Scotland,  Ac,  Edin.,  18:!8,  Svo. 
'■A  useful  work,  <ompiled  from  the  bust  sources  " 
Bell,  William,  1731-1816,  prebendary  of  Westmin- 
ster and  treasurer  of  St.  Paul's,  was  a  student  and  Fellow 
of  Magdalen  College,  Cambridge.  He  was  noted  for  his 
liberality  and  general  excellence  of  character.  He  trans- 
ferred, in  1810,  £15,200  three  per  cent,  consols  to  the  Uni- 
versity of  Cambridge,  as  a  foundation  for  eight  new  scholar- 
ships, to  be  bestowed  upon  sons  of  poor  clergymen 

A  Dissertation  on  the  Causes  which  principally'contri- 
biite  to  render  a  Nation  Populous.  [B.acheIor's  Prize.]  Lon 
1 1  56,  41^0.  An  In(|Uiry  into  the  Missions  of  John  the  Bap- 
tist and  Jesus  Christ,  1761,  8vo,  2d  ed. ;  with  additions, 
ii\3t.  A  Defence  of  Revelation  in  general.  1765,  Svo  A 
Sermon  preached  at  the  Consecration  of  Dr.  Thomas  Bi 
shop  of  Rochester,  1774.  ' 

An  Attempt  to  ascertain  and  illustrate  the  Authority 
Nature,  and  Design  of  the  Lord's  Supper,  1780,  Svo. 
"  A  most  elaborate  work  on  the  subject." 
This  work  elicited  a  Letter  to  the  author  by  Dr  Lewis 
Bagot,  1781. 

those  of  Dr"  Bell  ■?'''"  ^"^  difo'-ent  views  of  the  ordinance  to 
The  Last  Sentiments  of  P.  F.  Le  Courayer,  D.D.,  on  the 
different  doctrines  of  Religion,  with  his  Life,  1787  Svo 
The  original  [in  French]  was  given  by  the  author  to  tlie 
Princess  Amelia,  and  left  to  her  former  chaplain,  Dr  Bell 
After  the  doctor's  death  his  Sermons  on  various  subjects 
were  pub.  in  2  vols.,  1817,  Svo. 

••  As  a  compendium  of  Christian  ethics  these  sermons  deserve  a 
pl.i.-e  amonj;  the  best  writers  of  our  language."-LowvDEs 

lor  well  digested  thousht.  and  perspicuity  of  language;  for 
an  intimate  survey  of  the  human  heart  through  all  its  windings 
for  accuracy,  strength,  and   sedateness   of  reasoning,  they  can 
scarcely  be  snrfassei."— British  Critic.  ' 

Bishop  Watson,  also,  recommends  the  works  of  Dr  Bell 
Bellamie,  John.     Commonalty  of  London    1707 
Bellamont,  Lord.    Letter  to  Earl  of  Shelburne,  1783. 
Bellamy,  D.     Poems,  1722;  Miscellany,  1725 
Be  lamy,  D.    Theohjg.  Works,  Lon.,  1743,  '44,  '56,  '76. 
Be  lamy,  Eliz.     Y.  Lady's  Assistant,  1802,  12mo 
Bellamy,  George  Anne,  1733-1788,  an  actress  of 
note.     Apology  for  her  Life,  6  vols.,  1785,  12mo      .Said  to 
have  been  drawn  up  by  Ale.-iauder  Bicknell,  editor  of 
Carver  s  Tr.avel3  in  Africa.     Memoirs  of  George  Anne  Bel- 
lamy, by  a  Gentleman,  1785,  12mo.     But  little  more  thiin 
an  abridgment  of  the  Apology. 

Bellamy,  James  W.  Concordance  to  the  Holy  Bible 
4to.  Designed  to  accompany  any  quarto  Bible,  but  parti- 
cularly that  editcl  by  Drs.  Doyly  and  Mant,  being  adapted 
to  the  maps  and  notes  of  that  edition. 

Bellamy,  John.  The  Holy  Bil,le,  newly  translated 
from  he  original  Hebrew,  with  Notes  critical  and  explana- 
tory, Lon.,  1818-21,  4to. 

"  Three  parts  only  of  this  new  translation  have  been  published 
WnretT?^'"",,"'"'';?'  "'  ""^  ^"""'■•'  ■""»  ^is  extnvagan'cTes  of  in: 
Du'^I^A  ',„".,"'  *i^°  "P,"'""*  '°  *•""  y-^rterly  Revfew.  Tols.Vi" 
pp.  2O0-280,  and  xxiii.  pp.  290-325;   in  the  Kclectic  Review  vol  , 

}:ritlSnnS^?i.?S;;X,Sn  VT^^:^^^^ 

"We  find  him  to  be  a  person  whose  arrogance,  nresumntinn  -ind 
contempt  of  others,  are  perfectly  intolerable;  X  pTOeeS"'in^ 
rash  and  wild  spirit  of  innovation,  setting  aside,  on  EuthorHy 
of  his  own  assertion,  the  decisions  of  the  learned  and  wise.  Ind 
hazarding  statements  of  the  most  intrepid  kind  on  the  slenderest 
foundations.  His  knowledge  of  the  Hebrew  consists  in  littbfmore 
inan  a  common  .actiuaintance  with  the  meaning  of  the  roots,  and 


BEL 


the  more  ordin.iry  and  obvious  rules  of  Grammar,  not  of  the  Be- 
cul,.,rities  of  id.om  and  the  niceties  of  construction    he  is.  beside 

M^  ^Tii  ""^  "f  J^OK-^sf-'-io".  Q>^r.  Rcv.,Ki^.  250-2S0.  ' 
,  qV/'o  f'^r,''"^,  °'''  "■"'"''  ^"""^  criticism,  and  pub.  Lon., 
1818,  8vo  A  Reply  to  the  Quarterly  Review  ;  a  produc- 
tion which  is  condemned  by  Rev.  J.  W.  Whitaker  as 

'•An  inteniperate  pamphlet,  full  of  the  strangest  and  most  glai- 
ing  inconsistencies."    See  also  Lon.  Quar.  Rev.,  sxiii   2S7-.-i'>5 

"  M^.^^  hitaker  hasexposed  the  falsehood  of  many  of  Mr  HelKmv'a 
assertions,  and  his  ignorance  of  the  Hebrew  langiia-e  "—I  „wm,f.s 

Seldom  has  a  poor  author  been  so  berated.  "The  Eclectic 
Reviewers  declared  that  the  appropriate  title  would  be 

"The  Iloly  Bible  perverted  from  the  original  Hebrew  by  .John 
Bellamy.  -  ■'         " 

And  Mr.  Orme  is  as  little  complimentary  in  the  assur- 
ance that 

.^'A^'  ^'^".'""y  i'  """"S  fhe  most,  arrogant  of  all  translators, 
and  his  version  the  most  absurd  of  all  translations.  His  work  is 
a  strange  hodge-podge  of  error,  confidence.  misrepre.sentati,.n,  and 
RiKHc,?l^"V''  '?."'!  valuable  writers  in  all  the  departments  of 
Biblical  literature.  — Btbl.  Bib. 

History  of  All  Religions.  New  and  enlarged  ed.,  Lon.. 
1813,  12mo.     The  Ophion.  4c.,  Lon.,  1811.  Svo 

Bellamy,  Joseph,  D.D.,  1719-1790,  a  native  of 
Connecticut.  True  Religion  Delineated,  1750.  The  Na- 
ture and  Glory  of  the  Gospel.  Letters  and  Dialogues  be- 
tween Theron,  Paulinas,  and  Aspasio  upon  the  Nature 
of  Love  to  God,  Faith  in  Christ,  .and  Assurance  of  a  Title 
to  Eternal  Life,  1761,  12mo.  Works  in  3  vols  1811- 
since  in  2  vols.,  by  the  Boston  Tr.act  and  Book  Society,  Svo' 

"Mr.  Bellamy  is  an  original  and  striking  writer,  but  taking  the 
harcJer  features  of  religion,  without  the  winning  and  lovin- grace 
of  the  gospel.  He  .s  useful  in  showing  the  danger  of  Antiiromian 
pei^ersious  There  is  great  decisiveness,  imirking  the  confidence 
of  a  man  who  feels  the  truth."— Bickeksteth 
tbl'.i'',V''^'''"i''  '""'"■'''••ite  the  truths  of  the  gospel,  and  to  trace 
them  thnmgh  all  connections  and  dependencies,  and  to  impress 
them  on  th.3  conscience  and  heart,  has  been  possessed  by  few  '• 

•  1  he  author  s  leading  object  is  to  discriminate  between  the  law 
and  the  gospel,  and  to  define  and  illustrate  the  duties  which  they 
respectively  require.  Vie  hope  the  circulation  of  this  work  wiU 
be  .-IS  extensive  .as  the  contents  are  interesting  and  imiiorlanl,  and 
that  students  of  divinity,  especially,  will  avail  themselves  of  the 
information  which  it  contains."— A'canyeiictii  Mag 

Bellamy,  Thomas.  A  Caveat  to  Kings,  Princes, 
and  Prelates,  not  to  trust  to  a  set  of  pretended  Protestants 
of  Integrity  ;  showing  that  it  is  impossible  to  be  Presby- 
terians and  not  Rebels,  Lon.,  1662.  Svo.  Bellamy  is  an 
assumed  name;    see  Bliss's  Wood's  Athen.  Oxon  ,  iv    139 

Bellamy,  Thomas,  1745-1800,  the  projector  of  The 
Monthly  Mirror,  was  for  20  years  a  hosier  in  London. 
He  pub.  The  Friends,  1789,  Svo.  Miscellanies,  1795,  2 
vols.  Svo.  Sadaski,  or  the  Wandering  Penitent,  1798,  2 
vols.  12mo. 

"  A  novel  in  Dr,  Hawkesworth's  manner,  and  possessing  consi- 
derable ninnt,  ° 

Bellamy,  William.     Records  in  the  Crown  Office. 
Bellas,  George.     Sermon,  1774-79,  4to. 
Bellenilen,  .Sir,  or  Dr.,  John.     See  Ballenden. 
Bellenden,  William,  more  generally  known  by  hia 
Latin  name  of  Gulielmus  Bellendenus.  a  native  of  .Scot- 
land, humanity  professor  at  P.aris  in  1602. — Dempster 
James  VL  appointed  him  Magister  Supplicum  Libellorum' 
1.  e.  Reader  of  Petitions.      He  resided  chiefly  at  Paris. 
In  1608  he  pub.  Ciceronis  Princeps  ;  an  exposition  of  the 
duties  of  a  ruler,  illustrated  by  the  precepts  of  Cicero  ■  to 
this  piece  is  prefixed  De  Processu  et  Scriptoribus  Rei  Poli- 
tic<x>.     In    1612  was   pub.   his   Ciceronis   Consul  .Senator 
Senatusque  Rom.anus;  to  the  2d  ed.  of  this  dissertation, 
pub.   in  1616,  was  appended  the  Liber  de  Statu  Prisci 
Orbis. 

"  The  first  two  books  .are.  in  a  general  sense,  political ;  the  last 
relates  entirely  to  the  Roman  polity,  but  builds  much  political 
precept  on  this,  Bellenden  seems  to  have  taken  a  more  compr.^ 
hensive  view  of  history  in  his  tjrst  book,  and  to  have  reflected 
more  philosophically  on  it  than  perhaps  any  one  had  done  before- 
at  least,  I  do  not  remember  any  work  of  so  early  an  a-e  which  re^ 
minds  me  so  much  of  Tico  and  the  (iiandenr  et  Decadence  of 
Montesquieu.  We  can  hardly  make  an  exception  for  Bodin.  be- 
cau.se  the  8cot  is  so  much  more  regularly  historical,  and  so  much 
more  concise.  The  first  book  contains  little  more  than  forty  pa-es 
Bellenden's  learning  is  considerable,  and  without  that  pedantry 
of  quotation  which  makes  most  books  of  the  age  intolerable.  The 
latter  parts  have  less  originality  and  reach  of  thought," — Ilatlam's 
Lit.  Mid.  Ages. 

The  three  treatises  were  reprinted  at  London  in  1787 
with  a  Latin  preface,  by  Dr.  Samuel  Parr ;  in  this  preface' 
Parr  celebrates  Burke,  Fox,  and  Lord  North  as  "the 
three  English  himinaries  in  oratory  and  polities."  The 
idea  was  suggested  by  Bellenden's  De  Tribus  Luminibus 
Romanorum.  a  piece  originally  intended  to  eulogize  Cice- 
ro. Seneca,  and  Pliny.  Only  the  first  part  of  this,  that 
relating  to  Cicero,  appeared  at  Paris.  1634.  folio,  (one 
copy,  1634;)  Bellenden  having  died  before  he  had  time 
to  arrange  his  papers  relating  to  the  otlier  two.     From 

161 


BEL 


BEL 


this  work  Conyers  Middleton  is  charged  by  Wharton,  in 
his  Essay  ou  Pope,  (ii.  p.  324,)  to  have  token  the  idea  of 
writing  Cicero's  history  in  his  own  words,  and  also  to  have 
taken  the  whole  arrangements  adopted,  without  acknow- 
ledgment, by  himself. 

L»r.  Parr,  in  the  preface  referred  to,  repeats  the  same 
charge.     Of  this  piece  Mr.  Uallam  remarks : 

"Th>_'  celebrated  prefaco  of  the  editor  has  had  the  effect  of 
eclipsing  the  original  author;  Parr  was  constantly  read  and  talked 
of;  iielleuden  never." 

Mr.  Be  Quincey  hardly  permits  even  Parr's  Preface  to 
escape  his  wholesale  castigation  of  the  **  Birmingham 
Doctor." 

"  Not  one  work  of  Dr.  Parr's  is  extant  which  can,  without 
iJiutihter.  assume  that  important  name.  The  preface  to  Hellenden 
is.  after  all.  by  much  the  weightiest  and  most  regular  composition, 
and  the  least  of  a  fugitive  tract.  Yet  this  is  but  a  jeii  d'csprit,  or 
classji.al  prolusion.  And  we  believe  the  case  to  be  une.xanipled, 
thai  upon  so  slender  a  basis,  a  man  of  the  world,  and  n-puted  a 
mail  of  sense,  slmuld  si,-t  up  for  an  author.  Well  nii^ht  the  author 
of  the  rui>uits  of  Literature  (1797)  demand— *  M'hat  has  Dr.-Parr 
writtt-n  ':'  A  s.-iun.u  ur  two,  rather  long;  a  Latin  preface  to  Bel- 
lendenus,  (rather  long,  too.)  consisting  of  a  cento  of  Latin  and 
Greek  expressions  applied  to  political  subjects,  &c." — Pliilosophiad 
Writers. 

But  Dr.  Irving  considers  this  celebrated  Preface  to  be 
worthy  of  high  praise  : 

"  It  is  written  in  a  style  of  elegant  and  powerful  Latinity.  but 
is  too  much  n-plonished  with  modern  politics,  and.  in  the  opinion 
of  some  readers,  is  not  free  from  a  considerable  mixture  of  pe- 
dantry. It  is,  however,  such  a  composition  as  no  other  English- 
man of  that  period  could  perhaps  have  produced." — Encyc.  Brit. 

And  why  not?  All  extravagance,  whether  in  praise  or 
censure,  is  pretty  sure  to  be  incorrect.  The  Preface  gave 
rise  to  several  attacks;  Remarks,  &e.,  1787;  Animadver- 
sions, Ac,  17S8;  The  Parriad,  by  Chapman,  1788  j  An 
Epistle,  Ac. 

Be]lers,Fettiplace.  Delineation  of  Universal  Law; 
being  an  abstract  of  an  Essay  towards  deducing  the  ele- 
ments of  Universal  Law,  from  the  principles  of  knowledge 
and  nature  of  things,  in  five  books.  1.  Of  Books  in 
general.  2.  Of  Private  Law.  3.  Of  Criminal  Law.  4. 
Of  the  Law  of  Magistracv.  5.  Of  the  Law  of  Nations, 
Lon.,  1740,  4to;  2d  ed.,  1754. 

*'  This  is  a  very  curious  production.  It  can  hardly  be  called  a 
book,  being  merely  a  table  of  the  contents  of  a  proposed  treatise, 
and  containing  nothing  but  the  heads,  of  divisions  under  which 
Bellers  proposed  to  write  a  work  on  Universal  Law.  The  author 
spent  twenty  years  in  studying  his  subject  and  maturing  his  plan. 
It  is  with  a  feeling  of  regret,  mingled  with  something  like  re- 
pr'iacli.  that  we  find  the  labours  of  twenty  years  so  wasted,  and 
nlli.t  iipnii  the  great  expenditure  of  time  and  diligence  that  has 
bf-'u  ilislitute  of  any  useful  result." — Marvin's  Ler/a  I  Bill. 

But  are  twenty  years'  intellectual  entertainment,  and 
habits  of  mental  discipline,  and  acquisition  of  useful 
knowledge,  to  be  counted  for  nothing?  In  17o9  Mr.  Bel- 
lers pub.  a  treatise,  (in  4to,)  The  Ends  of  Society. 

Bellers,  Fiilk.  Funeral  Scrmmi  on  J.  Lamotte,  Esq., 
Aid.  of  London,  Lon.,  1656,  4to,  with  portrait  by  Faith- 
orne. 

Belters,  John,  a  Political  Economist;  author  of 
Proposals  for  Raising  a  College  of  Industry  for  all  u.seful 
Trades  and  Husbandry,  Lon.,  1696.  4to.  '  Essays  about 
the  Poor.  Manufactures,  Trade.  Plantation,  and  immoral- 
ity, 16119,  4to.  Some  reasons  for  our  European  State, 
Lon.,  1710,  4to.  An  Essay  towards  the  Improvement  of 
Physic,  in  Twelve  Books,  with  an  Essay  for  employing 
the  Poor,  Lon.,  1714,  4to.  An  E.ssay  for  Employing  the 
Poor  to  profit,  L()n.,  1723,  4to.  An  Epistle  to  W.'Priends, 
concerning  the  Prisons,  and  Sick  in  the  Prisons  and  Hos- 
pitals of  Great  Britain,  Lon.,  1724,  4to.  Abstract  of 
George  Fox's  Advice  and  Warning  to  the  Magistrates 
concerning  the  Poor,  Lon.,  1724,  4to. 

The  philanthropic  character  of  Mr.  Bellers  is  indicated 
by  the  subjects  which  engaged  his  pen.  See  Donaldson's 
Agricult.  Biog. 

Bellew,  Robt.  1.  Trafalgar.  2.  Irish  Peasantry, 
1806-I)S. 

Bellewe,  Richard.  Legal  Compilations,  etc,  1585, 
4c.  Los  Aus  du  Roy  Richard  lo  Second,  Lon.,  1585, 
8vo.  This  book  forms  a  substitute  fur  the  year  book  of 
that  reign,  which  is  wholly  omitted. 

Bellinster,  Charles.  Thanksgiving  after  Rebellion; 
a  Sermon  on  Ps.  Ixxv.  1,  1746,  8vo. 

BeUinsor,  F,     A  Medical  Work,  Lon.,  1717,  8vo. 

Bellin;;;hani,  O'B.  On  Aneurism,  and  its  Treat- 
ment by  Compression,  Lon.,  12rao. 

'•  In  our  opinion,  he  has  conferred  a  signal  benefit  upon  the  art 
of  surgery,  by  his  improvement  of  the  mode  of  employing  pres- 
Bure,  and  upon  the  s.-ii-n.-e  bv  bis  ingeni'-us  and  phib.sophical  ex- 
pnsirion  of  its  ()i>fr.'tti..n."— /,o».  Mxiirrt-CJarur.  Rpvirw. 

Bellington,  Thomas,     Sermon,  1718,  8vo. 


■  Bellon,  Peter,  Mock  Duellist,  Lon.,  1675,  4to,  Ac. 
Irisli  Sj.aw.  Ac,  Dub.,  1084,  Svo. 

Belmeis,  or  Beanme-s,  Richard  de,  I.,  Bishop 
of  London,  consecrated  1108,  is  said  by  Tanner  to  have 
written  a  treatise  in  verse,  addressed  to  Henry  I.  The 
MS.  was  in  the  Monastery  of  Peterborough. 

Belmeis,  or  Beaumes,  Richard  de,  II.,  Bishop 
of  London,  consecrated  in  1151,  is  mentioned  by  Robert 
Gale  as  the  author  of  Codex  Niger,  or  Black  Book  of  the 
Exchequer. 

Belmeys,  John,  Joannes  Eboracensis,  or  John  of 
York,  of  the  12th  century,  is  said  by  Bale  and  Pits  to 
have  written  32  Letters  to  Thomas  Becket,  An  Invective 
against  the  same,  and  certain  Elegant  Orations  j  Lcland 
mentions  Aurea  Joannia  Eboracensis  Historia,  but  is  un- 
certain whether  this  John  of  York  is  the  same  with  our 
author.  Indeed,  Leland  "could  not  find  any  thing  cer- 
tainly written"  by  Belmeys. 

Beloe,  Rev.'William,  1756-1817,  was  the  son  of  a 
tradesman  of  Norwich.  After  spending  some  time  under 
the  care  of  the  celebrated  Dr.  Parr  at  Stanmore,  he  en- 
tered Bcne't  or  Corpus  Cbristi,  Cnliege,  Cambridge,  where 
he  took  the  degree  of  B.A.  in  1779.  Removing  to  Lon- 
don, in  conjunction  with  Mr.  Nares,  he  established  the 
British  Critic,  as  an  organ  of  what  are  styled  high-church, 
i.  e.  loyal  and  conservative,  principles,  in  opposition  to 
the  dangerous  dogmas  of  the  sympathizers  with  the 
French  Revolution.  In  1796  he  was  presented  to  the  rec- 
tory of  AUhallows,  London-wall.  In  1797  Bishop  Pretty- 
man  collated  him  to  a  stall  in  Lincoln  Cathedral ;  and  in 
1805  Bishop  Portous  to  one  in  St.  Paul's.  In  18U4  he 
was  appointed  one  of  the  assistant  librarians  to  the  Bri- 
tish Museum.  Mr.  Beloe's  publications  are  the  following; 
An  Ode  to  Miss  Boscawen,  4to,  1783.  Trans,  of  the  Rape 
of  Helen,  with  notes,  4to,  178tj.  Poems  and  Translations, 
Svo,  1788.  The  History  of  Herodotus,  from  the  Greek, 
with  notes,  4  vols.  Svo,  1799.  Trans,  of  Alciphron's 
Epistles,  1791.  Trans,  of  the  Attic  Nights  of  Aulus  Gel- 
lius,  1795. 

"  An  excellent  and  the  only  translation  of  a  difficult  and  in- 
structive author." — IIarwood. 

"  The  Commonplace  Book  of  an  elegant  scholar,  and  the  most 
amusing  miscellany  of  antiquity,  containing  anecdotes  and  argu- 
ments, scraps  of  history,  pieces  of  pot-try.  and  dissertations  on 
various  points  in  philosophy,  geometry,  and  grammar — all  just 
as  noted  down  at  Athens,  in  the  2d  century  after  Christ." 

Miscellanies,  3  vols.  12mo,  1795.  Trans,  of  the  Ara- 
bian Nights'  EntertJiinments,  from  the  French,  4  vols. 
12nio.  Joseph,  from  the  French  of  M.  Bitaube,  2  vols. 
12mo.  A  Fast  Sermon,  1804.  Anecdotes  of  Literature 
and  Scarce  Books,  6  vols.  Svo,  pub.  1806-12.  Brief  Me- 
moirs of  the  Leaders  of  the  French  Revolution.  Mr, 
Beloe  was  one  of  the  authors  of  the  Biographical  Dic- 
tionary, 15  vols,  8vo,  in  which  he  was  assisted  by  Messrs. 
Tooke,  Morrison,  and  Nares.  He  also  contributed  several 
articles  to  the  Gentleman's  Magazine,  and  many  to  the 
British  Critic,  of  which  he  was  the  editor.  After  the  de- 
cease of  Mr.  Beloe  appeared  The  Sexagenarian,  or  the 
Memoirs  of  a  Literary  Life,  2  vols.  Svo,  1817,  written  by 
Mr.  B.,  and  edited  by  a  friend.  This  work  contains  many 
amusing  anecdotes  of  the  author's  literary  contemporaries, 
and  the  freedom  of  his  strictures  is  remarkable.  Mr. 
Lowndes  condemns  it  in  no  measured  terms  : 

"These  volumes  for  presumption,  mis-statement,  and  maljf;nity 
have  rarely  been  exceeded,  or  even  equalled." 

In  the  next  year,  ISIS,  a  2d  edit,  appeared,  in  which 
many  passages  of  the  1st  were  omitted.  Mr.  B.'s  trans, 
of  Herodotus  has  been  commended  by  M.  Larcher,  wlioso 
knowledge  of  the  original  will  hardly  be  disputed.  Beloe 
drew  both  from  this  author's  researches,  and  from  the  late 
discoveries  in  Africa.  Classical  critics  are  too  apt  to  de- 
spise modern  illustrations  of  ancient  lore. 

"  A  very  valuable  and  elaborate  performance.  The  language  of 
the  traiislatinn  is  smooth  and  elegant;  nor  will  any  but  the  fasti- 
dious ciiiio,  \\ ho  is  often  condemned  to  the  drudgery  of  weij^bing 
wtiidsaiHl  nuasuring  sentences,  complain  that  it  is  not  sufficiently 
liteial.  We  must,  however,  remark  that,  though  in  general  de- 
serving of  the  highest  praise,  we  think  that  Mr.  U.  has  been  more 
ditTuse  and  paraphrastical  than  was  necessary;  but  this  is  a  tri- 
tling  defect,  and  let  it  be  remembered,  that  no  translation  can  be 
close,  and.  at  the  same  time,  elegant.  In  publishing  this  edition 
of  Herodotus,  it  is  easy  to  perceive  that  the  translator  has  spared 
no  labour.  His  work  is  enriched  with  a  variety  of  learned  and 
amusing  notes.  Wesseling  and  Larcher,  indeed,  suppUed  him 
with  much  useful  information  and  critical  sagacity,  but  a  great 
many  facts,  anecdotes,  parallels,  and  illustrations,  have  been  dili- 
gently collected  frnni  ancient  writers,  modern  travels,  Ac.  The 
work.  therefM'e,  if  Wf  mistake  not,  will  be  found  very  complete, 
and  will  prove  a  trcjisure  of  historical  knowledge  to  readers  of 
every  description.'" — Ana} i/f icnl  lifvinv. 

"The  translation  is  held  in  very  gi-eat  esteem,  and  is  justly 
considered  the  best  we  have  of  this  important  histoi-iau,  and  very 


BEL 

highly  creditable  to  the  tilents  of  Mr.  Beloe,  thouirh,  as  a  trans- 
I;ttor,  he  too  frequently  losfs  sijrht  of  his  author:  it  is  illustrated 
with  some  very  excellent  selections  of  notes.  whii;h  are  partly  ori- 
^'injil  and  partly  taken  from  the  writinps  of  Major  llennell.  the 
U(jt+'s  r.f  Larrher,  and  other  valuable  publications." — Muss's  Classi- 
cal Bthliography. 

The  Anecdotes  of  Literature  and  Scarce  Books  is  a 
very  valuable  store-house  of  Bibliographical  matter.  It 
has  now  itself  become  a  "Scarce  Book,"  and  tlie  Biblio- 
grapher should  not  fail  to  secure  a  copy  when  the  chance 
occurs — which  is  seldom.  The  Anecdotes  had  the  great 
advantage  of  the  careful  revision  and  corrections  of  that 
eminent  judge  of  books,  the  Bishop  of  Ely,  who  died  be- 
fore the  0th  volume  was  published.  Ttio  libraries  and  the 
literary  aid  of  the  Marquis  of  Stafford,  the  Bishop  of 
Rochester.  Mr.  Barnard,  Mr.  Douce.  Mr.  John  Kemble, 
Mr.  Malone,  Mr.  Chalmers,  Mr.  Waft,  and  Mr.  Nares, 
were  placed  at  the  service  of  Mr.  Beloe  whilst  engaged  in 
the  preparation  of  this  work. 

"  A  work  replete  with  entertainment  and  instruction." — Lon. 
Gent.  Mag. 

'•  A  work  containing  much  bibliographical  information,  and  ex- 
tntL-ts  ft-om  curious  works." — Lowndes. 

Mr.  Beloe  lost  his  situation  at  the  British  Museum  in 
consequence  of  the  thieving  propensities  of  a  wretch  whom 
he  had  permitted  to  examine  some  of  the  books  and  draw- 
ings belonging  to  the  library.  See  his  account  of  this 
unfortunate  atlair  in  Preface  to  the  Aneciiotes.  (Copied 
in  Gent's.  Mag.,  1817,  Part  i.)     We  extract  a  few  lines : 

"  A  man  was  introduced  at  the  Museum,  with  the  sanction  of 
the  most  respectable  recommendation.  I  mention  not  his  name 
^the  wounds  of  his  own  conscience  must  be  so  severe  a  punish- 
ment that  1  shall  not  increase  his  suffeiings.  ...  He  proved  to  be 
dishonest;  he  purloined  valuable  property  which  was  in  my  cus- 
tody, and  it  was  thou*j:ht  that  the  good  governmentrjf  the'insti- 
tution  required  my  dismissal." 

Belsham,  James.  Canadin.  Lon.,  1760,  4to. 
Belsham,  Thomas,  1750-1829,  the  son  of  a  dissent- 
ing minister  at  Bedford,  embraced  in  1789  the  Unitarian 
opinions  of  Dr.  Priestley,  whom  he  succeeded  as  minister 
at  Hackney  when  Priestley  removed  to  America.  The 
Unitarian  Society  for  Promoting  Christiiin  Knowledge  and 
the  Practice  of  Virtue  was  founded  at  the  suggestion  of 
Mr.  Belsham.  Mr.  B.  pub.  many  occasional  sermons.  A 
number  of  his  Discourses  Doctrinal  and  Practical  were 
pub.  in  2  vols.;  also  Discourses  on  the  Evidence  of  the 
Christian  Religion;  Elements  of  Logic  and  Mental  Philo- 
sophy; A  Calm  Review  of  the  Scripture  Doctrine  con- 
cerning the  Person  of  Christ,  including  a  brief  Review  of 
the  Controversy  between  Dr.  Ilorsley  and  Dr.  Priestley, 
Lon.,  1811,  8vo;  Memoirs  of  the  late  T.  Lindsey,  &c., 
Lon.,  1812.  8vo;  A  Review  of  American  Unitarianism,  im., 
2d  edit.,  1815,  8vo;  A  Review  of  Mr.  Wilberforce's  Trea- 
tise; this  work  was  noticed  by  Rev.  Andrew  Fuller,  and 
in  the  Appendix  to  Dr.  Magce's  Discourses  on  the  Atone- 
ment; Letters  to  the  Bishop  of  London,  in  Vindication  of 
the  Unitarians,  Lon.,  1815,  8vo. 

"  Mr.  Belsham  seems  to  be  as  deeply  infected  as  any  man  with 
the  itch  for  writing.  Seldom  a  year  passes  without 'his  seiidin- 
forth  two  or  three  treatises.  What  degree  of  circulation  these 
may  obtain  among  his  partizans,  we  have  no  means  of  knowing; 
but  certainly,  as  to  the  public  at  large,  they  tall  nearly  still-born 
from  the  press.  ...  He  has  shewn,  as  is  customary  with  him.  some 
adroitness  in  misunderstanding  and  perverting  expressions." — 
Loii.  QwirUrly  Rrview. 

Mr.  B.  had  an  important  share  in  the  New  Testament 
in  an  Improved  Version,  upon  the  basis  of  Abp.  Newcome's 
New  Translation,  with  Notes  Critical  and  Explanatory, 
Lon.,  ISOS,  8vo. 

'*  It  pretends  to  be  placed  upon  the  basis  of  Abp.  Newcome's, 
by  which  it  is  basely  insinuated  that  the  primate  was  a  SocinLin. 
Kothing  can  be  more  feilse.  Abp.  Xewcomes  translation  is  strictly 
orthodox  on  all  the  great  points  relating  to  the  divinity  and  atone- 
ment of  Christ." — LuwN'DES. 

"  Evidently  prepared  by  persons  without  sufficient  scholarship 
for  any  re:il  improvement." — Rose's  Biog.  Diet. 

■'  It  mangles  and  misrepresents  the  original  test,  perverts  the 
meaning  of  its  most  important  terms,  and  explains  away  all  that 
is  valuable  in  the  doctrinal  system  of  Christianity."— Orme. 

The  Improved  Version  was  also  reviewed  by  Archbp. 
Lawrence,  Dr.  Nares,  Rev.  T.  Rennell,  Chas.  Danberry, 
John  Bevan,  and  Robert  Halley.  See  Lowndes's  Brit. 
Librarian,  p.  219. 

The  Epistles  of  Paul  the  Apostle  translated ;  with  an 
Exposition  and  Notes,  1822,  4  vols.  8vo. 

■'  This  is  one  of  the  most  elaborate  performances  on  the  Bible 
which  for  many  years  have  issued  from  the  Unitarian  press.  Mr. 
Belsham  has  been  long  known  as  one  of  the  chief  leaders  of  that 
party  in  EngLand.  and  as  one  of  the  principal  authors  of  the  Im- 
proved Version  of  the  New  Testament.  The  ti-anslation  of  the 
Epistles  of  Paul  is  constructed  on  the  visionary  scheme  of  inter- 
pretation of  Dr.  Taylor  of  Xorwich.  The  tendency  of  the  work  is 
to  subvert  all  those  sentiments  respectin-.:  sin  which  are  calcu- 
lated to  affect  the  mind  with  pain,  and  those  views  of  the  Deity 
and  atonement  of  Christ  which  are  fitted  to  afford  relief.     Mr. 


BEL 

Belsham  uses  great  freedom  with  the  readings  of  the  original  text, 
and  still  greater  with  the  principles  of  euli-htened  interpretation. 
He  shows  rather  what  the  New  Testament  siioudl  be  in  the  opinion 
of  a.Socinian,  than  what  it  really  is.  The  work  is  full  of  erroneous 
doctrines,  incorrect  learning,  allected  candour,  and  forced  interpre- 
tation."—Ornic's  Bihl.  B<b. 

Belsham  pub.  some  other  works.  The  Memoirs  of  our 
author  with  correspondence,  &c.,  was  pub,  Lon.,  1833,  8vo, 
by  John  Williams. 

Belsham,  William,  1753-1S27,  younger  brother  of 
the  preceding,  was  author  of  a  number  of  historical  and 
political  treatises.  Essays,  philosophical,  historical,  and 
literary,  Lon.,  1789-91,  2  vols.  8vo,  several  editions. 

"Ou  the  whole,  our  general  idea  of  these  Essays  is.  that  they 
discover  more  extent  and  vaiiety.  than  depth,  of  thiuking:  but 
that  the  good  sense  aud  liV)eral  spirit  with  which  they  are  writltii. 
may  render  them  useful  to  young  persons,  in  assisting  them  to 
form  a  habit  of  inquiry  and  reflection.' — Lfm.  Mmtthly  Mcvicw. 
Observations  on  the  Test  Laws,  1791,  8vo. 
"  M'e  are  fully  convinced,  with  -Mr.  Belsham.  that  the  Test  Laws 
are  not  calculated  for  any  purpose  of  safety,  nor  of  defence,  but 
merely  for  that  of  irritation." — Ibid. 

Historic  Memoir  on  the  French  Revolution,  1791,  8vo. 
■■  It  -^'ives  a  concise  and  judicious  summary  of  the  leading  caiises 
which  produced,  of  the  interesting  events  which  accompanied,  nod 
of  the  principal  regulations  which  followed,  the  revolution,"— //jirf. 
In  1793  he  pub.  Memoirs  of  the  Kings  of  Great  Britain 
of  the  House  of  Brunswick,  Lunenburg,  2  vols.  8vo.  In 
1795  appeared  his  Memoirs  of  the  Reign  of  George  IIL, 
to  the  Session  of  Parliament  ending  1793,  4  vols.  8vo,  5th 
and  6th  vols.,  1801.  In  1798  was  pub.  his  History  of  Great 
Britain,  from  the  Revolution  to  the  Accession  of  the  House 
of  Hanover.  2  vols.  8vo.  These  works  were  incorporated 
under  the  title  of  History  of  Great  Britain,  from  the  Re- 
volution in  1688  to  the  Conclusion  of  the  Treaty  of  Amiens, 
1802,  12  vols.  8vo,  Lon.,  1806. 

"We  congratulate  the  public  on  the  completion  of  Mr.  Belsham's 
History,  the  only  one  of  the  period  which  deserves  to  be  cherished 
and  read  amoni:  friends  of  civil  liberty,  and  of  the  free  principles 
of  the  Constitution.  The  style  is  clear  and  nervous,  without  dog- 
matism, and  eloquent  without  inflammation;  while  the  spirit  is 
temperate,  and  the  details  unimpeachable  in  veracity  and  impar- 
tiality."— Lfm.  Mouthh/  Mag. 

Belsham's  History  has  been  honoured  by  the  commen- 
dation, qualified,  indeed,  of  no  less  an  authoritj'-  than  Pro- 
fessor Smyth : 

"  Belsham  will,  T  think,  in  like  manner  be  found,  for  a  consider- 
able part  of  his  work,  very  valuable,  spirited,  intelligent,  an  ai^ 
dent  friend  to  civil  and  religit'Us  liberty,  and  though  apparently  a 
Dissenter,  not  a  Sectarian.  In  his  latter  volumes,  indeed,  from 
the  Jireaking  out  of  the  late  French  war  in  1793,  he  has  departed 
from  the  ei^uanimity  of  an  historian,  and  has  degenerated  into  the 
warmth,  and  almost  the  rage,  of  a  party  writer.  ...  I  must  olj- 
serve.  that  a  very  good  idea  may  be  formed  of  the  general  subjects 
connected  with  this  period,  [reign  of  Anne,]  and  of  the  original 
memoirs  and  documents  which  should  be  referred  to.  by  reading 
the  Appendix  to  Belsham's  History:  it  is  very  well  drawn  up.  .  . 
A  good  general  idea  may  be  formed  of  this  crisis  [union  of  England 
and  Scotland]  from  the  History  of  Belsham.  ...  I  would  recom- 
mend to  my  readers  to  take  the"  modern  publication  of  Belsham  [in 
studying  the  political  life  nf  Sir  Kobert  Walpolel  and  to  read  it  in 
conjunction  with  Coxe:  then  to  refer  occasionally  to  the  two  vo- 
lumes of  the  correspondence  of  Coxe;  and  to  refer  continually  to 
the  Parliamentary  debates,  which  may  be  read  in  Cobbett.  .  .  . 
The  History  of  Belsham  is  a  work,  as  I  have  already  mentioned, 
of  more  merit  than  would  at  iirst  sight  be  sujjposed.  But  iu  the 
year  1793,  after  the  breaking  out  of  the  French  war.  it  loses  the 
character  of  history,  and  becomes  little  more  than  a  political  pam- 
phlet: and  through  the  whole  of  the  reign  of  his  present  Ahijesty 
[George  III.]  it  is  so  written,  that  it  must  lie  considered  as  a  state- 
ment, whetherjust  or  not.  but  certainly  only  as  a  statement,  on  one 
side  of  the  question,  and  must  therefore,  at  all  events,  be  compared 
witli  the  statement  on  the  other  side,  that  is.  with  the  History  of 
Adolphus.  .  .  These  histories  [with  reference  to  the  American  war] 
aredrawn  upon  very  different  principles: — Belsham  conceiving  that 
the  Americans  were  right  in  their  resistance;  Adolphus  thinking, 
certainly  wishing  bis  readers  to  think,  that  they  were  entirely 
wrong:  the  one  written  on  what  are  called  Whig,  the  other  on 
Tory,  principles  of  government.  The  one  is.  I  conceive,  sometimes 
too  indulgent  to  the  Congress:  the  other  always  so  to  the  Knp.ish 
ministry.  Belsham.  I  consider  as  by  far  the  inost  reasor|ibIe  of 
the  two  in  even,'  thing  that  is  laid  down  respecting  the  American 
War," — Lectures  mi  Modern  HiUory. 

Belson,  Eliz.  Nelson's  Fasts,  &Q..y  abridg.,  Lon., 
1810.  Svo. 

Belt,  Hobcrt,     Legal  works,  Lon..  1810,  Ac. 

Beltz,Georiie.  Chandos  Peerage  Case,Lon.,1834,8vo 

Belward,  John.     Sermon.  1774,  8vo. 

Belzoni,  John  Baptist,  b.  about  1780,  d.  1823,  a 
native  of  Padua,  in  Itsily,  came  to  England  in  1803.  From 
1815  to  1819,  he  was  zealously  engaged  in  e.\ploring  the 
antiquities  of  Egypt.  He  dietl  of  dysentery  at  Benin  on 
his  way  to  Hou.-sa  and  Tinibuctoo.  For  an  interesting 
sketch  of  his  life,  see  The  Georgian  Era,  iii.  62.  Narra- 
tive of  the  Operations  and  recent  Discoveries  within  the 
Pyramids,  Temjiles,  Tombs,  and  Excavations  in  Egypt  and 
Nubia,  Lon.,  1820,  4to;  1821,  4toj  and  3d  eait.,*1822,  2 
vols.  Svo. 


BEM 

"WhoeTer  has  read  this  book  (and  who  has  not?)  will  aG:ree 
with  us  in  opinion  that  its  interest  is  derived,  not  less  from  tho 
manner  in  which  it  is  written,  the  personal  adventures,  and  the 
piiture  it  exhibits  of  the  author's  character,  than  for  its  splendid 
and  popular  antiquarian  researches." — Stevenson. 

The  credit  of  BeUoni's  discoveries  was  often  stolen  from 
him  by  others.  Read  the  excellent  Address  to  the  Mummy 
in  Beizoni's  Exhibition,  by  Horace  Smith. 

'•  Beizoni's  Narrative  is  writton  in  a  pure  and  unostentatious 
style,  and  in  a  tone  which  occasionally  approaches  ty  the  poetic 
and  sublime."' 

Benibridge,  Dr.     Protestant's  Reconciliation,  1687. 

IJenbrigge,  John.     Sermon.  Lon.,  1645,  4to. 

Ueiidish,  Sir  Thomas.  Relation  of  his  Embassy 
to  Turkey,  Lou.,  1648,  4to. 

Bend'loe,  or  Beiiloe,  Wm.  Legal  Reports,  1661, 
&e.  See  Bridgmau's  Leg.-il  Bibl. ;  Marvin's  do. ;  Wal- 
lace's Reporters. 

Uendlowes,  or  Benlowes,  Edward,  1602-1676, 
a  native  of  Essex,  was  a  Fellow-commoner  of  St.  John's 
College,  Cambridge.  Ho  was  of  too  easy  a  nature  for  his 
own  welfare,  and  impoverished  himself  by  lavishing  his 
favours  on  others.  He  patronized  among  others,  Quarles, 
Davenaut,  Payne,  and  Fisher.  John  Jenkyns  was  one  of 
his  favourites : 

"  He  was  much  patronized  by  Edward  Benlowes,  Esq.,  who  hav- 
ing  written  a  most  divine  poem  entitled  'I'heophila,  or  Love's  Sa- 
crifice, printed  at  London.  ItiS'J.  several  parts  thereof  had  airs  set 
to  them  by  this  incomparable  Jenkyns.  .  .  .  Mr.  Benlowes  in  his 
youuf^er  d.ays  was  a  Papist,  or  at  least  very  Popishly  affected,  and 
in  his  elder  years  a  bitter  enemy  to  that  party."— ^(Acii.  Oxon. 

Mr.  Bendlowes  wrote  a  number  of  other  pieces  both  in 
Latin  and  in  English,  among  which  are.  Sphinx  Theolo- 
gica.  Camb.,  1626,  8vo.  A  Summary  of  Divine  Wisdom, 
Lon.,  1657,  4to.  A  glance  at  the  glories  of  Sacred  Friend- 
ship, Lon.,1657.  Oxonii  Encomium, Oxon., 1672, foL  Oxo- 
nii  Elogia,  Oxon.,  1673.  Oxonii  Elegia.  Truth's  Touch 
Stone;  dedicated  to  his  niece,  Mrs.  Philippa  Blount. 

"  A  whole  canto  of  Theophila.  consisting  of  above  300  verses, 
was  turned  into  elegant  Latin  verse  in  the  space  of  one  day  by  that 
great  prodi^-y  of  early  parts.  .lohn  Hall  of  Durham,  having  had 
his  tender  affections  ravished  with  that  divine  piece."— vt(/i(«.Ojrm. 

Both  Pope  and  Warburton  are  very  severe  in  their  criti- 
cisms upon  our  author.     The  first  tells  us  that 

"  Bendlowes,  propitious  to  blockheads,  bows." 
"  Bendlowes  was  famous  for  his  owu  bad  poetry,  and  for  p.atron- 
izing  bad  poets."— W.irborton. 

"  Theophila  gives  us  a  higher  idea  of  his  piety  than  his  poetical 
talents ;  though  there  are  many  uncommon  and  excellent  thoughts 
in  it.     This  priiyer  has  been  deservedly  admired."— Gk.ingee. 

A  complete  copy  of  Theophila  is  very  rare.  The  one  in 
the  Nassau  sale.  (pt.  i.  4S7,)  said  to  be  the  most  perfect 
known,  sold  for  no  less  than  £25  5s. 

Benedict,  Biscop,  629?-690,an  Anglo-Saxon  monk, 
was  distinguished  for  his  zeal  in  the  encouragement  of 
letters  and  such  arts  as  were  then  known.  He  is  said  to 
have  brought  many  books,  pictures,  &c.  home  with  him 
from  Rome.  Leland  ascribes  to  him  Concordantia  Regu- 
larnin,  a  commendation  of  the  Rules  of  St.  Benedict,  the 
founder  of  the  Benedictines. 

Benedict,  a  monk  of  St.  Peter's,  at  Gloucester,  wrote 
about  1130'!'  a  Life  of  St.  Dubricuis.— W7,nrfoa's  ^ny/m 
,S'('cro. 

Benedict  of  Peterborough,  d.  119.'!,  was  educated 
at  Oxford.  He  was  keeper  of  the  great  seal  from  1191  to 
1193.  He  wrote  a  Life  of  Becket,  and  De  Vita  et  Gestis 
Henrici  II.  et  Richardi  I.  This  history  was  pub.  by  Tho- 
mas Hearne,  Oxford,  1735,  2  vols.  8vo.     Other  pieces. 

Benedict  ofNorwich,  d.  1340,  was  author  of  Alphas 
betum  Aristotelis,  Ac. 

Benedict,  Oavid,  D.D.,b.  about  1780;  settled  in  the 
ministry  in  early  life.  In  1813,  pub.  Gen.  Hist,  (if  the  Bajitist 
Denomination  in  America  and  other  parts  of  the  world,  2 
vols.  8vo;  new  ed.,  enlarged  and  chiefly  rewritten,  N.  York, 
1848,  r.  8vo.  This  work  is  highly  esteemed  by  the  Baptists 
of  the  U.  States,  and  has  met  with  much  success.  History 
of  all  Religions,  1824,  12mo. 

Benedict,  Erastus  U.,  h.  1800,  in  Connecticut,  grad. 
at  Williams  Coll..  1821.  Prominent  member  and  Presi- 
dent of  the  Board  of  Education  of  City  of  N.  Y.,  1850- 
54.  Presbyterianism,  a  Review,  1838.  A  Distinguished 
Educational  writer. 

Benedict,  Joel,  of  Connecticut.  Sermon  on  the 
death  of  Dr.  Hart.  1809. 

Benedict,  Noah,  of  Connecticut.  Sermon  on  the 
death  of  Dr.  Bellamy,  1790. 

Benefield,  Sebastian,  1559-1630,  was  a  native  of 
Prestonbury  in  Gloucestershire.  He  was  admitted  a  scholar 
of  Corpus  Christi  College,  Oxford,  when  17  years  of  age, 
took  his  D.D.  in  1608,  and  in  1613  was  chosen  Margaret 
professor  of  divinity.  He  is  stvled  by  Leach  "adown- 
164 


BEN 

right  and  doctrinal  C.alvinist."  His  principal  publications 
are.  Eight  Sermons,  Oxf.,  1014,  4to.  Twelve  sermons  upon 
the  lUth  chap.  Hebrews,  Oxf.,  1615,  4to.  A  Commentary 
upon  1st  chap,  of  Amos,  in  21  Sermons,  Oxf.,  1613,  4to. 
Trans,  in  Latin  by  Henry  Jackson  of  Corpus  Christi  Col- 
lege, and  printed  at  Oppenheim  in  1615,  Svo.  A  Com- 
mentary on  the  2d  chap,  of  Amos,  in  21  Sermons,  Lon., 
1720,  4to.  A  Commentary  on  the  3d  chap,  of  Amos,  Lon., 
1629,  4to. 

"  He  was  a  person  for  piety,  strictness  of  life,  and  sincere  con- 
versation, incomparable.  He  was  also  so  noted  an  humanitarian, 
disputant,  and  theologist,  that  he  had  scarce  his  equal  in  the  uni- 
versity."— Athen.  Ojim. 

Benese,  Sir  Richard  de.  Boke  of  Measurynge  of 
Laude,  Lon.,  1535-38.  and  an  edition  sim  anno. 

Benet,  B.,o//.i»  W.  Fitch.  Rule  of  Perfection,  re- 
ducing the  whole  Spiritual  Life  to  this  one  point,  the  Will 
of  God.  1609.  8vo. 

Benet,  Gilbert.  Sermons,  1746-54,  Svo. 
Benezet,  Anthony,  171.3-1784.  This  good  man,  a 
native  of  St.  Quentin's,  France,  was  a  resident  of  England 
and  America  from  the  age  of  two  years ;  hence  we  give 
him  a  place  in  our  list.  He  pub.  several  works,  princi- 
pally tracts,  upon  the  topics  which  enlisted  his  philanthro- 
pic feelings.  A  Caution  to  Great  Britain  and  her  Colonies, 
relative  to  enslaved  Negroes  in  the  Brit.  Dominions,  1767, 
8vo.  Some  Historical  Account  of  Guinea,  with  an  enquiry 
into  the  rise  and  progress  of  the  Slave  Trade,  its  nature, 
and  lamentable  cll'ects,  Lon.,  1772,  Svo.  A  Short  Account 
of  the  Religious  Society  of  Friemis,  [of  which  sect  Mr.  B. 
was  an  exemplary  member,]  1780. 

"The  writings  of'this  distinguished  philanthropist  first  awak- 
ened the  attention  of  Clarkson  and  Wilberforce  to  the  subject  of 
the  Slave  Trade : — " 
So  true  is  it  that 
''Words  are  things:  and  a  small  drop  of  ink. 
Falling,  like  dew,  upon  a  thought,  produces 
That  which  makes  thousands,  perhaps  millions,  think." 

Byron. 
Benger,  Elizabeth  Ogilvy,  1778-1827,  a  native  of 
Wells  in  England,  evinced  a  strong  literary  taste  under 
many  discouragements.  At  the  age  of  13  she  pub.  The 
Female  Geniad ;  a  Poem,  Lon.,  1791,  4to.  The  Abolition 
of  the  Slave  Trade,  a  Poem,  was  pub.  1809,  4to.  The 
Heart  and  the  Fancy ;  or  Valscnore;  a  Tale,  1813,  2  vols. 
12mo.  Klopstock  and  his  Friends,  1S14,  2  vols.  12mo. 
Memoirs,  etc.,  of  Mrs.  Eliz.  Hamilton,  ISIS,  2  vols.  Me- 
moirs of  Mary,  Queen  of  Scots,  Ac,  1822,  Svo,  2  vols. 

"Taken  principally  from  Chalmers's  Life  of  this  unfortunate 
Princess." 

Memoirs  of  Elizabeth  Stuart,  1825,  2  vols.  p.  Svo.  She 
also  pub.  A  Life  of  Anne  Boleyn,  and  Memoirs  of  John 
Tobin. 
"  Her  historical  memoirs  are  of  no  value." — Lowndes. 
"Works  of  the  kind  before  us  [Memoirs  of  Mrs.  Eliz.  Hamilton] 
are  excellently  fitted  to  supply  the  defects  in  history,  where  a  lead- 
ing personage  may  not  have  his  proper  share  of  distinction,  and 
the  result  be  much  the  s.ame  as  spoiling  a  drama  by  curtailing  the 
acts  and  speeches  of  the  principal  character." — Lon.  Gent.  Muff. 
Benham,  David.  Genealogy  of  Christ,  Lon.,1836,4to. 
Benhani,  Thomas.  Medical  Works,  Lon.,  1620  ?-30. 
Benjamin,  Park,  was  born  I8U9,  at  Demerara.  in 
British  Guiana,  where  his  father,  a  merchant  from  New 
England,  resided  for  some  years.  In  1825  ho  entered 
Harvard  College,  which  he  left  before  the  end  of  the  second 
year  in  consenuence  of  bad  health.  When  restored  to 
health,  he  entered  Washington  College.  Hartford,  where 
he  graduated  with  the  highest  honours  of  his  class  in 
1829.  In  1830  he  became  a  member  of  the  Law  School  at 
Cambridge,  and  in  1833  was  admitted  to  the  Connecticut 
bar,  and  upon  his  removal  to  Boston  soon  after,  to  the 
courts  of  Massachusetts.  He  has  been  connected  edi- 
torially with  the  American  Monthly  Magazine.  The  New 
Yorker,  <tc.  Mr.  Benjamin  has  given  many  pieces  botli 
in  prose  and  verso  to  the  world.  With  the  exception  of  A 
Poem  on  the  Contemplation  of  Nature,  read  at  the  time  of 
his  taking  his  degree.  Poetry  ;  A  Satire,  1S43,  and  Infatu- 
ation ;  A  Satire,  1845,  his  productions  are  very  short. 

"  Mr.  Benjamin's  Satires  are  lively,  Jiointed.  and  free  from  ma. 
lignity  or  licentiousness.  In  some  of  his  shorter  poems.  Mr.  Ben- 
j.amiu  has  shown  a  quick  perception  of  the  ridiculous;  in  others, 
warm  affections  and  a  meditative  spirit:  and  in  more,  payety. 
His  poems  are  adorned  with  apposite  and  pretty  liincies,  and  seem 
generally  to  be  expressive  of  .actual  feelings.  Some  of  his  hu- 
mourous pieces,  as  the  Sonnet  entitled  Sport,  are  happily  ex- 
pressed, hut  his  style  is  generally  more  like  that  of  an  impi-o- 
visator  than  an  artist.  He  rarely  makes  use  of  the  burnisher."— 
GRis'ft'OLD:  PoeU  and  Poftyy  of  America. 

Wo  refer  the  reader  to  The  Nautilus,  The  Tired  Hunter, 
To  One  Beloved,  and  The  Departed,  as  poems  of  exquisite 
beauty. 

We  think,  to  quote  the  remark  of  George  III.  to  Dr. 


BEN 


BEN 


Johnson,  that  one  who  writes  so  well  shnul.l  write  more,  | 
and  favour  the  worhl  with  t^omcthini;  of  more  imposing 
pretension  in  the  way  of  vohime.  Whether  it  be  that  the 
unhappy  Joel  Bnrluw's  prodigious  Culumliiod  has  fright- 
ened all  succeeding  American  poets,  and  deterred  them 
from  venturing  more  than  a  few  stanzas  at  a  time,  certain 
it  is  that  they  have  a  curious  fashion  of  "  cutting"  up 
their  gems  *'inlo  little  stars." 

Benjoin,  George.  Jonah,  trans,  from  the  original, 
&c.,  Lon.,  179G,  4to. 

"  In  little  cstiuialion." — Lowndes. 

"  This  is  lint  a  work  of  c;reat  value,  as  the  reader  will  believe, 
whi-n  h<.-  is  t'lld  that  the  author  attempts  '  trO  convince  the  woi-ld 
th:it  thf  pnsiiit  oriirinal  text  is  in  its  primary  perfection.*  The 
att*^mpt  and  the  translation  are  equally  a  Ciilure  for  any  important 
purposf." — Orme. 

See  Brit.  Crit..  vol.  x.  The  Integrity  and  Excellence  of 
Scripture,  .tc.  1797,  Svo. 

Benlowe,      Elements  of  Armories,  Lon.,  1610,  4to. 

Bcnlowes,     See  Bendlowes. 

Benn,  William,  1600-16S0,  a  Nonconformist  clergy- 
man, was  educated  at  Queen's  College,  O.xford.  Answer 
to  Fras.  Bampficld,  Lon.,  1672,  Svo.  Sermons  on  the 
Soul's  Prosperity,  IfiSS.  Svo. 

'•  In  the  course  of  his  ministry  he  expounded  the  Scripture  all 
over,  and  half  over  ajrain.  haviai;  had  an  excellent  faculty  in  the 
clear  and  solid  interpretin-j;  of  it." — Woop. 

Bennet,  A.  Experiments  on  Electricity,  <tc.,  Lou., 
1789.  8vo. 

Beunet,  A.  Jesus,  the  Son  of  Joseph.  A  Sermon, 
1807.  Svo. 

Bennet,  Mrs.  A.  M.,  d.  1808.  authoress  of  a  numher 
of  Novels.  &.C.,  puh.  1785-1816.  Agnes  De  Courci,  a  Do- 
mestic Tale,  4  vols.,  1797,  8vo. 

"  As  a  well- wrought  story,  it  is  entitled  to  pai-ticular  regard. 
The  inventive  fiiciilty  of  the  authoress  is  not  to  be  disputed :  but 
chnractt-r,  that  ^rreat.  that  almost  indispensable,  requisite  in  all 
BUch  performances  as  the  present,  is  seldom  to  be  found  in  it." — 
Lon.  Mnnlhlii  Rfview. 

Bennet,  Benjamin,  1674-1726.  an  eminent  Preshy- 
terian  minister,  pult.  amt)ng  other  works.  A  Memorial  of 
the  Ref<n-mation,  Tjon.,  1717,  Svo,  and  a  Defence  of  the 
same.  172/i.  Svo.  This  work  gives  the  views  of  the  author 
upon  The  Reformation  and  Church  History  of  England  to 
the  year  1719.  Irenieum;  a  work  on  the  Trinity,  Lon., 
1722,  Svo.  This  work  produced  a  great  sensation,  and  its 
influence  was  considerable. 

Christian  Oratory,  or  The  Devotions  of  the  Closet  dis- 
played, 2  vols.  Svo,  1728.  Many  editions.  It  was  abridged 
hy  Mr.  Palmer  in  1  vtd.  8vo. 

"A  very  spiiitual  and  devotional  work,  that  may  be  read  more 
than  once  with  advantaire." — Bickersteto. 

"  Plain,  serious,  and  practical,  but  sometimes  flat,  his  Christian 
Oratory  is  almost  his  only  pi>"ce  which  had  been  better  if  some  of 
the  instances  had  been  avr>i(t._'d,  and  the  plan  more  fully  completed 
in  a  single  volume." — BopDr-iPGE. 

'■The  title  would  mislead  ns  as  to  the  nature  of  the  contents, 
the  word  nratory  beint;  used  in  the  sense  of  a  place  for  meditation 
and  prayer." 

Fourteen  Sermons  on  the  Inspiration  of  the  Holy  Scrip- 
tures, 1730,  Svo. 

"  This  book  should  have  a  distinguished  place  in  the  library  of 
every  theolofrical  student,  fir  few  books  of  its  size  contain  a  more 
abundant  treasure  of  divine  doctrine." — BoouE. 

Bennet,  Christopher,  1617-1655.  an  English  phy- 
Bician,  was  educaterl  at  Lincoln  College,  Oxford.  He  cor- 
rected and  enlarged  Dr.  Moufet's  Health  Improvement, 
Lon.,  1655,  4to,  and  puh.  a  medical  treatise  in  Latin,  under 
the  name  of  Benedictus,  entitled  Theatri  Talndorum  Vesti- 
bulum  seu  Excercitationes  Dianoetica?,  &q.,  Lon.,  1654, 
4to.     He  left  several  Latin  works  in  manuscript. 

Bennet,  Georj^e,  at  one  time  a  Dissenting  minister, 
subsequently  in  the  Church  of  Scotland.  lie  puh.  a  work 
against  "a  pretence  of  Reform,"  Lon.,  1796,  8vo;  also 

01am  Haneshemoth,  or  a  View  of  the  Intermediate  State, 
as  it  appears  in  the  Records  of  the  Old  and  New  Testa- 
ments, the  Apocryphal  Books,  in  Heathen  Authors,  the 
Greek  and  Latin  Fathers.  Lon.,  1801,  Svo. 

"It  is  a  work  of  various  erudition  and  deep  research.  And  a 
reader  must  be  very  learned  who  finds  not  much  in  it  to  instruct 
him:  very  dull,  if  he  is  not  deliichted  with  the  inpenuity  that  is 
displayed  even  in  those  parts  in  which  he  may  see  reason  to  doubt 
the  solidity  of  the  author's  argument,  and  the  truth  of  his  inter- 
pretations: and  very  captious,  if,  in  a  variety  of  novel  expositions, 
many  of  which  he  may  think  inadmissible,  he  finds  any  thing  to 
give  him  offence." — Ktsuor  Horslev. 

Also  commended  by  Orme. 

Bennet,  H,  Treasury  of  Wit :  being  a  methodical 
Selection  of  about  twelve  hundred,  of  the  best.  Apophthegms 
and  Jests ;  from  Books  in  several  Languages,  2  vols.  12mo, 
Lon..  1786. 

Bennet,  Henry,  Trans,  of  a  Life  of  Luther,  Ac, 
Lon.,  1561,  Svo. 


Bennet,  Henry,  EaH  of  Arlington,  1618-1685.  Let- 
ters to  Sir  Wm.  Temple,  1665-70,  Lun.,  1701,  2  vols.  Svo. 

Bennet,  Hon.  Henry  Grey.  Letter  to  the  Com- 
mon Council  of  London.  1818.  Con.  to  Trans.  Geol.  Sue, 
ISn.  '14. 

Bennet,  James.  Star  of  the  West,  Lon.,  1813, 12mo. 
In  conjunction  with  David  Bogue.  History  of  the  Dissent- 
ers, 1689-180S,  3  vols.  Svo,  1809;  1812  in  4  vols.,  and 
since  in  2  vols. 

"  A  bias  in  favour  of  Dissenters,  and  bitter  against  Churchmen." 

— BiCKERSTETfi. 

Bennet,  James,  M.D.   Con.  to  Med.  Com.,  1787. 

Bennet,  John.  Madriganstof<ivre  Voyces,  Lon.,  1599. 

Bennet,  John.     Essay  on  Trade,  Ac,  Lon.,  1736,  Svo. 

Bennet,  John.  Poems.  1774.  Svo. 

Bennet,  John.     Thcolog.  and  other  works,  1780-87. 

Bennet,  Jnles.  The  Letters  of  John  Calvin,  com- 
piled frimi  the  Original  Manuscripts,  with  an  Introduction 
and  Historical  Notes,  4  vols.  Svo. 

'■  This  collection  is  the  fruit  of  five  years  of  assiduous  labor  and 
resoarch  in  the  libraries  of  France,  tJermany,  and  Switzei'land.  and 
will  contain  about  500  letters  which  have  never  before  been  pub- 
lished. The  editor  has  spared  no  pains  in  rendering  as  complete 
as  possible  a  collection  %vhich  cannot  fail  to  cast  a  flood  of  li^ht 
upon  the  jrreat  leligious  revolution  of  the  sLxteenth  century." 

Bennet,  Philip.     Sermons,  1745,  '49,  Svo. 

Bennet,  R.     Sermons,  1769,  '76,  Svo. 

Bennet,  Robert,  d.  1687,  a  Nonconformist  divine, 
puh.  A  Theological  Concordance  of  the  Synonymous  Words 
in  Scripture,  1657,  Svo. 

"  An  excellent  work." 

Bennet,  Sol,  The  Constancy  of  Israel,  Lon.,  1809,  Svo. 

Bennet,  T.,  M.D.    Essay  on  the  Gout,  Lon.,  1734,  Svo. 

Bennet,  Thomas,  1673-172S,  an  eminent  divine  of 
the  Church  of  England,  was  admitted  to  St.  John's  Col- 
lege, Cambridge,  in  1688.  He  pub.  many  theological 
works,  1700-26,  upon  the  sacraments,  schism,  liturgies, 
and  against  Roman  Catholic  and  Quaker  doctrines.  We 
give  the  titles  of  a  few  of  his  works.  Discourses  on  Schism, 
showing  that  schism  is  a  damnable  sin,  <fec.,  Lou..  1700, 
Svo.  A  Confutation  of  Popery,  in  three  parts.  Camb., 
1701,  Svo.  A  Confutation  of  Quakerism,  Camb.,  1705,  Svo. 
A  Brief  History  of  the  joint  use  of  precomposed  set  Forms 
of  Prayer,  Camb.,  170S,  Svo.  This  work  excited  consider- 
able controversy,  in  which  Benj.  Robinson  and  T.  Bowlett 
took  part.  A  Paraphrase  with  Annotations  upon  the  Book 
of  Common  Prayer,  &e.,  Lon.,  1708,  Svo.  Essay  on  the 
39  Articles,  with  a  Prefatory  Epistle  to  Anthony  Collins, 
Esq.,  Lon.  1718,  Svo.  Collins  had  pub.  in  1710,  a  tract 
entitled  Priestcraft  in  Perfection,  respecting  the  20th  Ar- 
ticle of  the  Church  of  England.  It  appeared  in  1724  with 
additions,  as  an  Essay  on  the  39  Articles. 

*•  Dr.  Bennet  was  perhaps  too  ready  to  enj^age  in  the  debates  of 
his  time  upon  questions  of  divinity,  which  led  him  sometimes  into 
dithculties,  obli^ied  him  to  have  recourse  to  distinctions  and  refine- 
ments which  would  not  always  bear  examination,  and  laid  him 
open  to  the  attacks  of  his  adversaries." — Chalmers's  Bviy.  Diet. 

Bennet,  or  Bennett,  Thomas.  12  Lectures  on 
the  Apostles'  Creed.  Lon.,  1755.  Svo. 

Bennet,  VV.  H.     Court  of  Cluincery,  Lon.,  1834,  Svo. 

Bennet,  WiUiam.  On  the  Teeth,  Ac,  Lon., 1778, 12mo. 

Bennet,  William,     Theolog.  Works,  1780-1813. 

Bennett,  Emerson,  h.  1822  in  Mass.,  an  American 
Novelist.  Bandits  of  the  Osage;  Ella  Barnwell;  Mike 
Fink  ;  Kate  Clarendon ;  Forged  Will ;  Prairie  Flower ; 
Leni  Leoti ;  Forest  Rose;  League  of  the  Miami;  Clara 
Morland,  Ac. 

''  Mr.  Uennett  is  a  novelist  of  und-nibt.-d  ability." — T.  S.  Arthde. 

Bennett,  G.J.  Albanian-  ;itid  nilior  Poems,  Svo.  Pe- 
destrian's Guide  through  Nortii  ^Vak■s,  1 S37,  Lon..  183S,Svo. 

'■  This  is  a  beautiful  work — as  delijihtful  a  one  as  we  have  met 
with  for  many  years.  It  abounds  with  sketches,  admirably  exe- 
cuted, of  many  of  those  charming  vales  and  mountains  in  the 
beautiful  country  of  which  it  treats,  and  affords  us.  also,  speci- 
mens of  the  national  airs  of  Wales,  nivinp  us  the  music  of  them 
as  well  as  the  words.  It  is  a  book  of  travels,  written  with  a  poet's 
love  of  natuie.  and  a  humori!=t's  cheerfulness."' — Court  Journal, 

Bennett,  James.     Theolog.  Works,  1828^6. 

Bennett,  John  Hughes,  Prof,  of  Clinical  Med. 
University  of  Edinburgh.  On  Cancerous  and  Cancroid 
Growths,  Lon.,  Svo.  Diseases  of  the  Uterus,  Svo.  Cod 
Liver  Oil  in  Gout,  A;c.,  Svo.     Pulmonary  Tuberculosis. 

'■  His  whole  volume  is  so  replete?  with  valuable  matter,  that  W9 
feel  bound  to  recommend  our  readers,  one  aud  all,  to  peruse  it."— 
Lon.  Ltnicd. 

Leucocythenia,  or  White-Cell  Blood,  Svo.  Lectures  on 
Clinical  Medicine,  Svo. 

Bennett,  VVm.  J.  E.     Theolog.  Works,  1S3S-52. 

Bennion,  John.     .Sermon.  Oxon.,  1681,  4to. 

Benoit,  or  Benedict,  De  Saiute  Maur,  who 
flourished  about  1180.  was  a  troubadour,  patronized  hy 
Henry  II.,  by  whose  direction,  according  to  Robert  Wace, 

165 


BEN 

he  composed  his  metrical  history  of  the  DuIies  of  Nor- 
mandy. This  chroiiicle,  which  extends  to  thirty  thou- 
sand lines.  ,  a    1  .         e  ' 

'•  Begins  with  a  brief  sketch  of  the  cosmosraphicil  doctrines  ol 
the  a"e, which  leads  to  the  account  of  the  origin  of  the  Normans 
and  their  first  piratical  vovai-es,  and  the  history  is  continued  to 
the  death  of  Henrv  !■  The  larger  portion  is  a  mere  paraphr.ise  of 
the  Uitin  histories  by  Dudo  of  St.  Quintin's.  and  William  of  Ju- 
mi^i'es,  with  some  slight  additions  of  matter  not  found  in  those 
authorities:  but  it  is  inferior  as  a  historical  document  and  as  a 
literary  composition  to  the  similar  worli  of  W  ace.  which  appears 
from  the  first  to  have  enjoyed  a  greater  degree  of  popularity.  —  j 
Wriqht.  ,.  , 

"  This  old  French  poem  is  full  of  febulous  and  romantic  mat- 
ter."— Wurtim's  HisUirij  nf  English  Btetry.  1 
But  it  has  been  remarked  that  if  Vfc  compare  this  author  j 
with  the  Norman  historians  who  preceded  him.  we  shall 
find  his  statements  to  he  in  accordance  witli  theirs.  The 
Chronicle  was  pub.  by  Michel.  Paris,  1836-38,  and  '44. 
The  MS.  from  which  it  was  printed  is  preserved  in  the 
Brit.  Museum,  Ilarlei.an  Collection.  No.  1717.  There  is 
also  a  MS.  in  the  library  of  Tours  in  France. 

Benoifs  other  great  poem,  which  probably  preceded  the 
Chronicle,  was  his  metrical  romance  of  the  History  of 

'■  Chiefly  a  paraphrase  of  the  supposititious  history  of  the  Phry- 
cian  Dares,  with  some  additions  from  the  similar  work  published 
under  the  name  ofDiclys;  but  the  Angl.>.Nornian  trouvere.  faith- 
ful to  the  taste  of  his  age.  has  turned  the  lirecian  ami  Trojan  heroes 
into  medieval  knights  and  barons.  ...  It  contains  nearly  tliirty 
thousand  lines.  It  is  a  heavy  and  dull  pncm,  and  possesses  little 
interest  at  the  present  day :  although  it  abounds  in  those  repeated 
descriptions  of  warfare  which  constituted  the  great  beauty  of  such 
productions  in  the  twelfth  century."— WV'S'f. 

There  is  a  complete  MS.  of  the  Roman  do  Troye  in  the 
Harleian  Collection,  No.  44S2.  A  MS.  is  in  the  Library 
of  St.  Mark  at  Venice,  extracts  from  which  are  printed  by 
Keller,  in  his  Romvart,  p.  86. 

These  are  the  only  works  known  to  have  liecn  written 
by  Benoit.  Tyrwhitt  ascribes  to  him  a  Life  of  Becket,  in  i 
Anglo-Norman  verse,  hut  M.  de  la  Rue  and  Mr.  Wright 
decide  this  to  be  the  production  of  a  later  Benoit.  M.  de 
la  Rue  believed  him  to  be  the  antlior  of  a  soug  on  the 
Crusade,  at  the  end  of  the  ILarleian  MS.  containing  bis 
chronicle.  But  the  learned  Mr.  Thomas  \Yright  proves 
this  opinion  to  be  erroneous. 

Beiise,  Peter.  Anglo-diaphora  Trium  Linguarum 
Gall.,  Itnl.,  et  Hispah.  Ac,  0.\f.,  lfi.17.  Svo. 
Benson,  Miss.  1.  The  Wile.  2.  The  Contrast,  1810-15. 
Benson,  Christopher,  Preb.  of  Worcester.  Chro- 
nology of  our  Saviour's  Life,  Ac,  Camb.,  LSI  9,  ,8vo.  Hul- 
sean°Lectures  for  1820.  Twenty  Discourses  preached  be- 
fore the  University  of  Cambridge.  Camb.,  1820,  Svo.  Of 
these  much-esteemed  discourses  many  editions  have  been 
published.  Hulsean  Lectures  for  1 822.  On  Scripture  Dif- 
ficulties; Twenty  Discourses,  Camb.,  1822,  Svo,2dcd.,  1S25. 
'■  The  proofs  and  duties  of  Christianity  have  been  enforced  by 
Mr.  Benson  with  a  power,  an  earnest n.'ss.  and  an  unction,  which 
they  who  heiird  the  preacher  will  be  thankful  f  t  while  they  live; 
and  which  in  the  perusal  must  t.i  ev.ry  hciltlilnl  loiiid  commu- 
nicate s.atisfaction,  profit,  and  d.-light ;  and  may  carry  healing  and 
comfort  to  the  diseased  one."— ion.  Qimrlnhj  Rrriew. 

Sermon,  1  Sam.  xii.  24,  25,  [Trinity  House,  Dcptford,] 
Lon.,  1826,  4to.  Discourses  upon  Tradition  and  Episco- 
pacy, preached  at  the  Temple  Church.  2d  ed.,  Lon.,  1839, 
Svo.  Discourses  upon  the  powers  of  the  Clergy,  Prayers 
for  the  Dead,  and  the  Lord's  Supper,  preached  at  the  Tem- 
ple Cliurch,  Lon.,  1841,  Svo. 

Benson,  G.  Oaths  and  Swearing,  1699,  4to. 
Benson,  George,  D.D.,  1699-1763,  an  English  Dis- 
senting minister  of  considerable  learning,  a  native  of  Cum- 
berland, England,  studied  at  the  University  of  Glasgow. 
He  was  the  author  of  a  number  of  theological  works,  pub. 
172.5-61.  We  notice  some  of  the  principal.  A  Paraphrase 
and  Notes  on  the  Epistles  of  St.  Paul  to  the  Thessalonians, 
Timothy,  Titus,  and  Philemon,  and  the  seven  Catholic 
Epistles  of  Peter,  .James,  and  .John,  Lon.,  1734,  4to ;  best 
edit.  2  vols.  4to,  1752-56.  This  was  preceded  by  a  Speci- 
men, being  a  Paraphrase  and  Notes  on  the  Epistle  to  Phi- 
lemon, 1731,  4to.  The  work  is  on  the  plan  pursued  by 
John  Locke,  of  making  St.  Paul  his  own  eNpositor  by  illus- 
trative references  to  various  portions  of  his  writings.  It 
has  been  highly  commended. 

"  Locke.  Pierce,  and  Benson  make  up  a  complete  commentary  on 
the  Epistles;  and  are.  indeed,  .all  in  the  number  of  the  most  inge- 
nious commentators  I  have  ever  read.  They  plainly  thou..;ht  very 
closely,  and  attended  much  to  cimnection.  which  they  have  often 
set  in  a  most  clear  view.  But  they  all  err  in  t..o  ..-ivat  a  fondness 
for  new  interpretations,  and  in  supposing  tb.>  ii.-si'_'o  of  t  lie  apostles 
less  general  than  it  seems  to  have  been.  It  iiuist  be  allowed  that 
Benson  illustrates  the  spirit  of  Paul  sometimes  in  an  admir,ablo 
manner,  even  beyond  any  foi-mer  writer.  See  especially  his  Epis- 
tle to  I'hilemon."" — Da.  DoDDRine.K. 

'■  This  work  is  a  continuation  of  Locke's  attempt  to  illustrate  the 
166 


BEN 

EnisUes.  and.  with  Pierce's  work,  completes  the  design.  Benson 
pos.Srsed  considerable  learning,  but  no  great  portion  of  genius. 
He  was  certainlv  inferior  in  taste  and  acumen  to  his  two  coadju- 
nrs  but  still  "his  labours  are  entitled  to  respect,  !^ome  of  his 
essays,  inserted  in  the  commentaries,  contain  iiiiport.^nt  mfornia^ 
ti.mon  the  points  on  which  they  treat.  Ills  theological  sen  ments 
were  Arim  verging  to  Soclutin ;  on  this  account  all  his  writings 
to  be  read  with  caution.     His  Paraphrase  on  Jiiuies  was 


require 

Sb^'SuuSuC" ^HaS:^  iTJfr  Ti;; 'i^.i:,^ln,My<^ol. 
the  labours  of  Locke.  Pierce,  and  Benson,  and  mentions  with  re- 
spect many  others  of  the  British  commentaries.  To  this  Latin  ver- 
sioii Slichaelis  hHS  added  many  valuable  notesof  his  own."-OEME. 
■  History  of  the  First  Planting  of  Christianity,  taken  Irom 
the  Acts  "of  the  Apostles  and  their  Epistles,  173o,  2  vols. 
4to:  best  edit,  1756,  3  vols.  4to. 

■■  Thou.'h  this  work  does  not  profess  to  be  a  harmony  of  the  Acts 
of  the  Apostles  and  of  the  Epistles,  it  may  justly  be  considered  as 
one  BeSes  illustrating  the  histoi-j-  of  the  Acts,  throughout,  and 
most  of  the  Epistles,  by  a  view  of  the  history  of  the  times,  the 
occ.asions  of  the  several  Epistle.s,  and  the  state  of  the  churches  to 
which  they  were  addressed,  the  learned  author  has  incorporatai  a 
piraphi  astical  abstract  of  these  Kpistt 


■der  of  time  when 
truth  of  the  Chris- 


in  the 
thev'were written:  and  has. al.so  c'stablisbed  the  .     »       j 

tian  religion  on  a  numberof  facts,  the  most  public,  important  and 
icoiite  table.  It  is.  indeed,  a  most  valuable  help  to  he  study  of 
Jhe  Epistles:  but  it  is  to  be  regretted  that  its  scarcity  renders  it 
flcopQ^ilile  to  few  " — T   II.  IIorne.  . 

■'  Though  but  "a  dull  book,  it  is  full  of  important  in.atter,  and  is 
of  great  service  in  explaining  many  parts  of  the  book  of  Acts.  It 
displays  very  considerable  research,  a  great  portion  of  candour,  and 
an  accurate  acquaintance  with  the  tacts  ot  the  .Tewish  and  Roman 
history  which  relate  to  the  Christians  during  the  first  age  of  Chns- 
tianity."- Orme.  .       _   ,.    .         .       t 

The  Reasonableness  of  the  Christian  Religion,  &e.,  Lon., 
1743  Svo  and  1746,  4to,  and  3d  ed.,  1759,  2  vols.  This  is 
an  answer  to  Dodwell's  pamphlet.  Christianity  not  founded 
in  Argument,  Lon..  1742,  Svo.  Doddridge,  Lcland,  Mole, 
Cookscy.  and  others  also  answered  Dodwell.  Bishop  W  at- 
son  reiuarks  of  Benson's  reply  : 

'■  The  author  not  onlv  advances  many  arguments  m  proof  of  the 
truth  of  the  Chiistiaii  jteligion.  but  obvi.ates  in  a  familiar  way  the 
chief  (ibiections  of  the  .\nti-ievelationlsts."    _  ,.„,,. 

The  History  of  the  Life  of  Jesus  Christ,  Ac,  1764,  4to. 
'■  In  this  woi'k  Dr.  Benson  discovers  much  attention  to  many 
minute  particulars  in  the  history  of  .lesus,  but  the  principles  of 
his  creed  prevented  him  from  doing  justice  to  his  subject.  Ihe 
work  is  divided  into  fifteen  chapters,  and  is  accompanied  with  an 
appendix  containing  seven  dissertations."— Orme. 

This  work  was  left  in  an  incomplete  state.  bee  Lon. 
Congregational  Magazine  for  July,  1833.  ^    ^ 

Benson,  Joseph,  174S-1S21.  was  a  Methodist  minis- 
ter of  considerable  note.  He  edited  a  Commentary  on  the 
Scriptures,  embodying  the  views  of  mony  Bililieal  critics, 
among  whom  Jolin  Wesley  occupies  a  prominent  place. 
This  work  was  pub.  in  5  vols.  4to,  Lon.,  1811-18;  several 
subsequent  editions.  ,,  j  c    ■ 

"  An  elaborate  and  very  useful  commentary  on  the  sacred  Scrip- 
tures, which  (independently  of  its  practical  tendency)  possesses 
the  merit  of  compressing  into  a  comparatively  small  compass  the 
substance  of  what  the  piety  and  learning  of  tbrmer  ages  bave  ad- 
vanced, in  order  to  facilitate  the  study  of  the  Bible.  Its  l.ite 
learned  author  was  particularly  <Ii-'""^"''-bed, for  his  cr  leal  and 
exact  acquaintance  with  the  lir.-,k  IcMaiieut.  -1.  II.  HoRNE. 

This  commentary,  partieuhirly  inteiiaed  for  tamily  use, 
was  pub.  under  the  direction  and  patronage  of  the  Me- 
thodist Conference.  Mr.  B.  pub.  Sermons,  1,91),  91,  9b, 
isnn,  Ac.  A  Defence  of  the  Methodists,  1|93,  12mo.  A 
farther  Defence.  Ac,  1794,  12mo.  A  Vindication  oi  the 
Methodists,  1800,  Svo.  An  Apology  for  the  Methodists, 
1801,  12mo. 

"This  publication  is  apparently  written  with  much  candour, 
and  it  affords,  notwithstanding  the  mysticism  which  there  may  be 
among  them,  and  which  may  appear  in  this  book,  a  very  fivoui- 

able  view  of  those  people  whose  cause  it  intends  to  plead ine 

work  is  well  worthy  of  perusal."—/.™.  MmilMii  Kmew. 

Remarks  on  Dr.  Priestley's  System.  A  \  indication  oi 
Christ's  Divinity.  After  Mr.  B.'s  decease  there  was  pub. 
Sermons  and  Plans  of  Sermons  on  important  Texts  of  Holy 
."Scripture,  Lon.,  1825-27,  Svo;  6  parts  in  3  vols.  Svo:  262 
Sermons  and  Plans  of  Sermons,  3  vols.  Svo,  1831;  219 
Sermons  and  Plans  of  Sermons,  2  vols.  Svo,  1S31. 

■^  The  Plans  are  hlL'hlv  creditable  to  the  piety  and  talents  of  tha 
writer;  and  while  they  "serve  as  a  v.aluable  aid  to  the  young  Min- 
ister of  the  Gospel,  are  suited  generally  to  instruct  and  impioye, 
to  inform  the  understanding,  and  to  aCtect  the  heart.  —UiriMtm 
Olisrn-er.  .      ,  .     i..    i  , 

Mr   Benson  has  been  warmly  praised  in  high  quarters . 
■■  A  sound  scholar,  a  powerful  and  able  preacher,  and  a  protound 
theologian."— Dr.  Apam  Clarke. 

"  II(" seems  like  a  messenger  sent  from  the  other  worid  to  call 
men  to  aci'ouut."— liEV.  E.  Cecil.  .  .     j    ,,.i..  „.i,i„i, 

•■  His  fnrle  did  notlie  in  that  finished  .and  sustained  style,  which, 
however  bc.-iutiful  and  attractive  it  may  sonietiiues  be.  has  a  ten- 
dency  to  pall  upon  the  ear:  he  had  little  of  tic^ro.  and  less  of 
Isocrates.  in  his  composition;  his  eloquence  was  Dfiao.fWcinaii.  — 
Lon.  Clirislnin  nhserm:  ^         a 

Benson,  Martin,  d.  1752,  Bi.«hop  of  Gloucester  Ser- 
mon before  the  House  of  Lords,  1738.     Sermons,  li  36-40. 


BEN 

Benson,  Martin,  of  Tunl>ri<lge  "Wells.  Ser.,  1794,  &c. 
Benson,  Richard.     Momi,  &c.,  Dubl.,  1SI5,  8vo. 
Benson,  Robert.     Sketches  of  Corsica,  &c.,  Lon., 
182j,  Svo.     Pna.sed  by  Scott  in  his  Life  of  Niipuleou. 
Benson,  Thomas.  Vocabuluhum  Auglo-Suxonicum, 

iroi. 

Benson,  William,  16S2-17o4,  commonly  known  as 
Auditor  (of  the  Imprest)  Benson,  was  the  son  of  Sir  Wil- 
liam, formerly  Sheriff  uf  London,  llis-  first  publication 
was  a  letter  to  Sir  Jacob  Banks  upon  the  Miseries  of  Swe- 
den after  her  submission  to  arbitrary  power.  Of  this  letter 
100,000oopies  were  sold  in  the  English  language  and  trans- 
lations. In  1724  he  pub.  Virgil's  Husbandry,  with  notes; 
and  in  1739  Letters  concerning  poetical  trunt«lations  and 
Virgil's  and  Milton's  arts  of  verse.  In  1740  appeared  an 
edition  of  Arthur  Johnston's  Psulms,  with  a  Prefatory  dis- 
course ;  and  :i  criticism  on  this  preface  in  1741.  In  a  sup- 
plement to  this  essay  he  drew  a  comparison  between  John- 
ston and  Buchanan,  giving  the  preference  to  the  former. 
This  drew  forth  an  unanswerable  defence  of  Buchanan 
from  the  celebrated  Ruddiman.  His  admiration  for  Milton 
and  Johnson  is  alluded  to  by  Pope  in  the  Dunciad: 
"  On  two  unequal  crutches  propt  he  ciiuie, 
Milton's  on  this,  on  that  one  Johnston's  name." 
Pope's  indignatiim,  and  that  of  the  country  at  large,  was 
excited  by  the  appointment  of  Benson  to  the  post  of  sur- 
veyor-general in  171?*,  in  place  of  Sir  Christopher  Wren, 
removed.  Dr.  Warton,  in  his  notes  on  Pupe,  considers  that 
he  has  treated  our  author  with  too  much  severity : 

"  Benson  is  here  spokt-n  of  too  contemptuously.  He  translated 
faithfully,  if  not  very  poetically,  the  second  book  of  the  Georgics, 
with  useful  notes;  be  printed  elegant  editions  of  Johnston's 
psalms;  he  wi-ote  a  discourse  on  versification:  In-  n-siui'd  his 
country  from  the  dis:^i;tri'  of  hnving  no  monuuicnl  r'lLTinl  to  Ih.' 
memory  of  Miiton  in  W  L'stminster  Abbey;  hr  .iii  i  nn  n-i  d  and 
urged  Pitt  to  translate  thi-  J-;iieid  ;  and  he  gave  I)ol,so!]  Clotiii  fur 
his  Latin  translation  of  Paradise  Lost." 

Towards  the  close  of  his  life  he  evinced  an  unconquer- 
able aversion  to  books,  and  passed  his  last  days  in  retire- 
ment at  his  house  in  Wimbledon.  The  Rev.  Francis  Peck 
dedicated  to  our  author  his  Memoirs  of  Cromwell: 

'•  Mr.  Benson  (I  dedicate  to)  is  the  same  gentleman  you  mention, 
and  a  gentleman.  I  assure  you.  of  exceeding  good  sense,  and 
learning,  and  candour.  For  my  part,  I  do  not  see  how  Westmin- 
ster Abbey  is  profaned  by  a  Cenotaph  in  honour  of  Milton,  consi- 
dered only  as  a  poet.  Ilis  politicks  1  have  nothing  to  say  to.  You 
or  I  may  write  of  Milton  and  Cronnvell.  and  still  think  as  we 
please." — Mr.  rccJc  to  Dr.  Gre>/,  Dec.  15, 1739.  See  Nichols's  Lite-  I 
rary  Anecdotes,  and  Ppence's  Anecdotes. 

Benson,  William,  of  St.  Mary  Hall,  Oxford.  Ob- 
servations on  the  Impropriety  of  interfering  with  the  In- 
ternal Policy  of  other  States.  In  a  Letter  addressed  to 
The  Rt.  Hon.  Henry  Addington,  &c.,  Lou.,  1S02,  8vu. 

"  A  censure  on  the  conduct  of  om"  news-papers  for  their  abnse 
of  the  chief  Consul  of  France;  eked  out  with  the  fag  end  of  an 
old  sermon,  in  which  the  minister  is  instructed  in  the  nature  of 
baptism,  and  on  other  points  with  wliich  Mr,  Benson  (we  hope)  is 
better  acquainted  than  with  politics.'" — Lfm.  MonUily  Ihvicw. 
Bensted,  John.     Resources  of  the  Brit.  Empire,  1812. 
Bent,  J.    Life  and  DeathofLd.  Jeffries,  Lon.,  1693,  Svo. 
Bent,  J.    Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1774. 
Bent,  Thomas.  Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1^98. 
Bent,  William.     Lists  of  Publications,  Slc,   Lon., 
17119.  <tc. 

Bentham,  Edward,  D.D.,  1707-1776,  a  learned  di- 
vine of  the  Cluiroli  of  England,  was  educated  at  Corpus 
Christi  C<.tllcgc,  Oxford ;  became  vice-presi<lent  of  Mag- 
dalen Hall,  and  Fellow  of  Oriel  College;  Prebendary  of 
Hereford,  1743;  Canon  of  Christ  Church,  Oxford,  and 
Regius  professor  of  divinity,  1763.  He  pub.  occasional 
Bermons,  1722,  '44,  '50,  '72.  An  Introduction  to  Moral 
Philosophy,  1745,  8vo.  Advice  to  a  Young  Man  of  Rank 
upon  coming  to  the  University.  Reflections  upon  Logic. 
Funeral  Eulogies  upon  Military  Men,  in  the  original 
Greek,  with  Notes.  Reflections  upon  the  Study  of  Divi- 
nity, Svo,  1771.  An  Introduction  to  Logic,  1773,  Svo. 
De  Tumultibus  Americanus,  deque  eorum  Concitatoribus 
Seuilis  Mcditatio,  etc.  This  last  work  was  occasioned  by 
some  members  of  Parliament  having  censured  the  Uni- 
versity of  Oxford  for  addressing  the  king  in  favour  of  the 
American  war. 

"Even  death  itself  found  him  engaged  in  the  same  laborious 
application  which  he  had  always  directed  to  the  glory  of  the  Su- 
preme Being,  and  the  benefit  of  mankind;  and  it  was  not  till  he 
was  absolutely  forbidden  by  his  physicians,  that  he  gave  over  a 
particular  course  of  reading  that  had  be-.-n  undertaken  by  him 
with  a  view  of  making  remarks  on  Mr.  (Jiblifurs  Itoman  History." 
"Bentham's  Kefleotions  upon  the  .Study  of  Divinity  contain 
many  judicious  observations:  the  heads  of  lectui'es  exhibit,  per- 
haps, as  complete  a  plan  of  theological  studies  as  was  ever  deli- 
vered."— Lowndes. 

Bentham,  James,  1709  ?-1794.  brother  to  the  above, 
also  a  divine  of  the  Church  of  England,  was  educated  at 


BEN 

Trinity  College,  Cambridge.  He  pub.  Queries  to  the  In- 
habitants of  Ely,  1757.  Considerations,  A-c.  on  the  State 
of  the  Fens  near  Ely,  Camb..  1778,  Svo.  Essays  on 
Gothic  Architecture,  in  conjunction  with  Messrs.  AVarton, 
Grosse,  and  Milner,  pub.  ISOO,  Svo.  But  Mr.  Bentham's 
principal  work  is  the  History  and  Antiquities  of  the  Con- 
ventual and  Cathedral  Church  of  Ely,  673-1771,  Camb., 
1771,  royal  4to.  This  work,  pub,  at  eighteen  shillings, 
and  said  to  be  the  cheapest  work  ever  published,  had 
reached  the  price  of  12  to  14  guineas  before  the  publiea- 
tion  of  the  2d  edit.,  1812,  imp.  4to,  and  25  copies  on  ele- 
phant paper.  William  Stevenson  pub.,  in  1817,  a  supple- 
ment to  the  first,  and  also  one  to  the  second,  edition. 

"  The  knowledge  of  ancient  architecture  displayed  in  Hentham's 
work  far  exceeded  all  that  had  been  before  written  on  that  subject. 
The  Cathedral  of  Ely  furnished  him  with  examples  of  almost 
every  variety  of  style  from  the  t*axon  era  to  the  Kefoiniation. 
The  charactt-ristic  ornaments  of  each  were  carefully  studied  by 
him;  and  his  numerous  quotations  from  ancient  authors  pnno 
his  diligence  in  historical  research.  In  this  work  was  first  Iirnuuht 
forward  the  presumed  origin  of  the  pointed  arch,  the  chief  feature 
of  the  tiothii-  style,  on  which  the  whole  style  seemed  to  have  I'een 
formed.  This  kind  of  arch  Bentham  supposed  might  have  lieen 
derived  from  the  intersection  of  two  semi-circular  arches,  smh  as 
are  seen  on  the  walls  of  some  buildings  erected  soon  after  the 
Norman  Comiuest.  Br.  Slilner,  the  historian  of  Winchester,  has 
since  adopted  this  hypothesis,  and  supported  it  with  a  degree  of 
le;irned  ingenuity  which  has  given  it  much  celebrity." 

The  poet  Gray  has  been  improperly  credited  with  "  the 
architectural  part  of  the  History  of  Ely  Cathedral."  See 
Dr.  Milner's  error  on  this  f^ubject,  (in  article  Gothic  Archi- 
trrtiur,  In  Rees's  Cyelopiedia,)  corrected  in  the  Memoirs  of 
Bentham,  prefixed  to  the  new  edit.  (1812)  of  the  History. 
To  this  History  the  eminent  antiquary,  Rev.  W.  Cole  of 
MiTtcii,  and  Dr.  Bentham's  brother,  were  considerable  con- 
tvilmltirs.  James  Bentham,  the  son  of  the  author,  was 
the  editor  of  the  2d  edition.  As  the  author  commenced 
his  history  from  his  father's  collections,  we  have  here  the 
pleasing  spectacle  of  three  generations  being  employed 
on  the  same  work. 

"  It  is  probable  that  Mr.  Bentham  was  determined  to  the  pursuit 
of  ecclesiastical  antitiuities  by  the  eminent  example  of  Bishop 
Tanner,  (a  prebendai-y  of  the  same  stall  which  Mr.  B.  afterwards 
held.)  who  had  honoured  the  family  with  many  marks  of  his 
kindness  and  friendship." 

See  Nichols's  Literary  Anecdotes ;  Gorton's  Biog. 
Diet.;  Chalmers's  do.;  Memoirs  prefixed  to  the  Hist,  of 
Ely,  1812  ;  Notes  on  Mem.  in  Suppl.  to  Hist.,  1817. 

Bentham,  Jeremy,  1747-18;i2,  was  a  native  of  Lon- 
don, where  his  father  and  grandfather  were  attorneys. 
He  was  so  remarkable  for  an  early  love  of  books,  that  at 
the  age  of  five  years  he  bad  acquired  among  the  members 
of  the  family  the  name  of  "  the  philosctpher."  He  was  ad- 
mitted in  his  14th  year  of  Queen's  College,  Oxford,  where 
he  at  once  became  distinguished  among  his  fellow  stu- 
dents. After  attending  the  celebrated  Vinerian  Lectures 
of  Sir  AViUiam  Blackstone,  he  was  called  to  the  Bar  about 
1772,  but  soon  abandoned  the  profession  from  disgust  at 
the  unjust  charges  to  suitors,  and  other  corruptions  which 
he  found  existing  in  the  machinery  of  law.  Mr.  Bentham 
visited  Paris  on  three  different  occasions  prior  to  the  com- 
mencement of  the  French  Rcvolutirm.  In  the  second  of 
these  visits  he  became  acquainted  with  the  eelebrated 
Brissot  de  Warville,  who  has  left  a  grai^hic  sketch  of  the 
character  of  bis  friend.  A  still  more  important  event  was 
his  introduction  to  M.  Dumont.  the  Marquis  of  Lans- 
downe's  Swiss  librarian,  then  residing  at  Bowood.  The 
literary  assistance  of  this  gentleman  in  amending  and 
polishing  his  friend's  composition,  was  invaluable.  The 
great  object  of  Mr.  Bentham's  life  was  the  improvement 
of  legislation  and  jurisprudence,  and  the  advocacy  of  the 
principle  of  utility  as  the  criterion  of  right  and  wrong. 

"■  In  the  phi-ase  '  the  greatest  hap]>iness  of  the  greatest  uimiber,' 
I  then  saw  delineated  for  the  first  time  [in  I'riestleys  pamphlet]  a 
plain,  as  well  as  a  true,  standard  for  whatever  is  right  or  wrong, 
useful,  useless,  or  mischievous  in  human  conduct,  whether  in  the 
field  of  morals  or  politics." 

But  the  questions  immediately  occur — AVhat  is  to  be  the 
definition  of  the  greatest  happiness  ?  Is  it  happiness  for 
time  or  for  eternity  that  should  be  man's  great  object? 
Do  not  men's  actions  continually  prove  thiit,  unassisted 
by  Revelation,  they  are  equally  incapable  of  judging  what 
is*  their  true  happiness,  and  of  pursuing  it  when  known  ? 
If  a  supposed  utility,  rather  than  a  fixed  principle,  is  to 
direct  action,  men  must  judge  what  utility  is,  and  there 
may  be  as  many  opinions  as  there  are  judges; — all  cannot 
be  right,  and  all  may  be  wrong;  but  obedience  to  the  re- 
vealed will  of  God  must  in  all  cases  be  safe  and  profitable. 
Is  it  to  be  supposed,  then,  that  the  Supreme  Being  has  left 
his  creatures  under  the  constant  necet^ity  of  action,  and 
has  given  them  no  means  save  their  own  wild  conjectures, 


BEN 


BEN 


of  ascertaining  either  what  will  please  their  Creator,  or 
promote  their  own  happiness  ?  Nothing,  indeed,  more 
conclusively  proves  the  necessity  of  a  Revelation,  than  the 
crude  conjectures  and  childish  fallacies,  the  baseless  pre- 
mises and  lame  and  impotent  conclusions,  of  philosophi- 
cal and  moral  speculators,  from  Socrates  to  Voltaire,  from 
Zeno  to  Bentham.  Jonathan  Dym<:iDd,  with  the  simple 
Word  of  God  as  his  weapon,  can  discomfit  a  host  of  such 
"philosophers,  "and  put  "to  flight  all  the  armies  of  the  alien." 
Mr.  Bentham's  first  publication  was  A  Fragment  on 
Government ;  being  an  Examination  of  what  is  delivered 
on  the  Subject  in  Blaekstone's  Commentaries,  Lou..  1776, 
8vo.  This  work,  he  tells  us,  was  prompted  by  *'a  passion 
for  improvement  in  those  shapes  in  whith  the  lot  of  man 
is  meliorated  by  it."  Thiswas  published  anonymously.  The 
Lon.  Monthly  Review  indignantly  remonstrated  upon  the 
writer's  treatment  of  Blackstone  : 

'-  We  cannot  avoid  expressing  our  disj^ust  at  the  severity  with 
which  the  justly  admired  Commentator  is  treated  in  the  critique 
now  before  us.  In  order  to  conv  ict  him  of  obscurity  and  inaccuracy, 
this  unimi/mous  Writer  has  taken  much  pains — it  must  be  owned, 
with  some  ingenuity — to  analyze  those  passatjcs  in  the  introduc- 
tion to  his  work  which  treat  of  the  subject  of  Government  in  g,ene- 
ral :  and  has  scrutinized  every  word  and  idea  with  a  deirree  of 
rigour,  which  few  even  of  the  most  admired  writers  would  be  able 
to  endure.  ...  In  wbat  the  author  advances  concerning  the  Bri- 
tish constitution,  he  controverts,  with  a  mixture  of  ariiument  and 
raillery,  many  popular  opinions;  with  what  success  we  shall  not  at 
present  undertake  to  di^termine." 

His  View  of  the  Hard  Labour  Bill  appeared  in  1778, 
and  the  Principles  of  Morals  and  Legislation  in  17S0.  The 
Defence  of  Usury  was  pub.  in  17S7. 

"  If  we  mistake  not,  this  tract  will  furnish  Rround  for  many 
ample  discussions,  that  will,  we  hope,  terminate  in  the  emancipat- 
ing the  human  mind  from  many  great  errors  that  capitally  in- 
fluence the  business  of  human  life.  .  .  .  Vi'e  view  it  as  a  pclitical 
gem  of  the  finest  water,  that  requii*es  only  to  be  examined  with 
attention  in  order  to  be  admired." — Lon.  Monthb/  Rpview. 

"  A  work  unanswered  and  unanswerable ;  and  not  less  admira- 
bly reasoned  than  happily  expressed." — Elinburgh  Ri'venK 

"Perhaps  the  best  specimen  of  the  exhaustive  discussion  of  a 
moral  or  political  question,  leaving  no  objection,  however  feeble, 
unanswered,  and  no  difficulty,  however  small,  unexplained:  re- 
markable, also,  for  Ihi;'  clearness  and  spiiit  "f  the  style,  for  the  full 
exposition  whicb  suits  them  to  all  iiitrllij-.nt  readers,  for  the  ten- 
der and  skilful  hand  with  which  prrjuiiii-c  is  touched,  and  for  the 
urbanity  of  his  admirable  apology  for  projectors," — Sir  James 
Mackintosh. 

The  Principles  of  Morals  and  Legislation  was  pub.  in 
1789,  (printed  in  1780.)  and  in  the  next  year  he  communi- 
cated a  plan  of  making  convicts  useful,  in  his  Panopticon, 
or  the  Inspection  House.  Two  years  later  he  puli.  Truth 
versus  Ashurst,  Ac,  and  in  1795  Supply  without  Burthen, 
or  Escheat  I'jVe  Taxation  ;  to  which  he  prefixed  his  Protest 
against  Law  Taxes. 

"  It  appears  to  us  that  this  Kssay  is  a  hasty  and  undigested  per- 
formance, and  that  it  required  mrire  consideration  than  the  author 
has  bestowed  on  it." — Lon.  M-ndhhi  Ririew. 

The  same  periodical  had  remarked  nf  the  Principles  of 
Morals  and  Legislation,  that  Mr.  Bentham, 

"  Like  many  other  men  of  great  and  comprehensive  minds  here 
seems  to  haveeniraged  in  a  pursuit  too  extensive,  pfrbaps.  for  the 
powers  of  any  individual  of  the  human  race  to  execute  with  pre- 
cision and  propriety." 

Mr.  Bentham's  principal  work  was  first  published  in 
French  in  1802.  It  is  entitled  Traitosde  Legislation  Civile 
et  Penale  ;  precf'des  de  Principes  Generaux  de  Legislation, 
et  d'une  Vue  d'un  Corps  complet  de  Droit:  termincs  par 
un  Essai  sur  I'influence  des  Terns  et  des  Lieux  relative- 
ment  anx  Lois,  Paris,  an.  x..  1S02.  This  work  was  trans- 
lated into  French  by  M.  Dumimt  "d'aprt-s  les  Manuscrits 
confi^s  par  I'Auteur."  We  shoxdd  not  omit  to  nntiee  Mr. 
R.  Hildreth's  translation  of  this  work  into  Eugli.-<h.  Boston, 
2  vols.  12mo,  1840. 

Other  works  of  Bentham's  are,  A  Plea  for  the  Constitu- 
tion, 1803.  Scotch  Reform  Considered.  1808.  Defence  of 
Economy  against  Burke,  1810-17.  Ditto  against  Rose, 
1810-17.  Elements  of  the  Art  of  Packing,  1810-21.  Th^orie 
des  Peines  et  des  Recompenses,  redigee  en  Fran^ais  par 
Dumont.  1812. 

"  The  law  student  cannot  fail  in  being  much  deli'jhted  with  this 
work ;  it  is  a  book  replete  with  original  and  philosophical  thoughts 
and  sound  practical  observations,  conveyed  in  a  manner  of  pecu- 
liar force,  and  often  in  lansuatre  of  great  novelty  and  appropriate- 
ness; in  fine- in  a  style  not  entin-ly  Mr.  Bentham's.  but  in  his  best 
manner,  with  the  exception  of  his  F.ssay  on  I'sury,  and  his  Frag- 
ments on  Government." — If'i(fiiit'n's  Lpgal  Study. 

"Mr.  Bentham  has  particularly  and  philosophically  examined 
the  subject  of  punishment.  His  writings  have  been  and  will  be 
of  great  practical  Wnefit  to  mankind.  They  will  form  the  mine 
wherein  statesmen  are  to  work  for  the  ore  that  must  be  converted 
to  the  usesof  Leirislatinn.  In  practical  legislation,  in  the  laborious, 
and,  what  to  most  men  would  be.  the  tjL^dious,  scrutiny  of  existing 
abuses,  in  the  unwearied  exposure  of  inconsistency  in  our  laws, 
and  a  daring  without  check,  and  before  him  without  precedent,  in 
ufting  their  very  foundations,  and  penetrating  the  most  awful  and 
168 


Tnysterious  recesses  of  the  temple  of  Justice,  he  stands  perhaps 
witfio'u'  a  rival  among  men." — Lon.  KcbrMc  L'eniw. 

This  treatise  was  trans,  into  English,  under  the  follow- 
ing titles;  The  Rationale  of  Reward,  Lou.,  1825,  8vo. 
The  Rationale  of  Punishment,  Lon.,  1829,  Svo. 

On  the  Law  of  Evidence,  1811^.  Church  of  Englandisra 
and  its  Catechism  examined,  1818.  Essai  sur  la  Taetique 
des  Assemblees  Polititiues,  par  Dumont,  181t).  Swear  not 
at  all,  Ac,  printed  18i;i.  pub.  1817.  Chrestomathia,  1817. 
Codification  Proposal.  1822.  Traite  des  Preuvcs  Judici- 
aires,  par  Dumont.  Paris.  1823.  M.  Dumont  tells  us  that 
this  Treatise  cost  the  author  more  labour  than  any  other 
of  his  works.  The  editor  reduced  to  shape  a  mass  of  ma- 
terials which  had  been  accumulating  for  a  long  period. 
Trans,  into  English,  Lon.,  1825,  Svo.  The  Book  of  Falhv 
cies  from  his  unfinished  papers,  by  a  Friend,  appealed  in 
1824.  Rationale  of  Judicial  Evidence,  specially  applied 
to  English,  by  Mr.  Mill,  from  the  author's  MSS.,  5  vols. 
Svo,  1827. 

"  We  could  have  wished  the  present  editor  had  translated  the 
work  out  of  the  obscure  involuted  IJenthaniic  dialect  in  which  it 
is  written.  A  book  more  disgustingly  affected,  and  so  nearly  un- 
intelligible, it  is  not  possiMe  to  produce  in  the  English  lantiuago. 
It  is  a  vast  ami  iim^t  luxuriant  forest  of  dis'iuisition  and  informa- 
tion: a  produiiinu  wliii  li  has  occupied  a  powerful,  original,  and 
active  mind,  with  little  interruption,  during  a  long  and  studious 
life." — American  S/nithem  Kevifw. 

We  have  not  thought  it  necessary,  in  our  limited  space, 
to  give  the  titles  of  all  the  publications  of  this  voluminous 
author.  Among  the  last  pieces  of  the  two  years  preceding 
his  death  were.  The  1st  vol.  of  a  Constitutiimal  Code;  Offi- 
cial Aptitude  MaxiuiizL'd;  Expense  Minimized;  Justice 
and  Codification  Petitions;  Letter  to  his  French  Fellow- 
Citizens;  Letter  to  the  French  Chamber  of  Peers,  and  Re- 
marks on  the  Bankruptcy  Bill.  An  edition  of  his  works 
has  been  pub.  in  11  vols.  8vo.  Edin.,  1S43,  edited  by  Dr. 
Bowring,  with  an  introduction  by  J.  H.  Burton,  Esq.  We 
shall  now  proceed  to  give  some  opinions  on  our  celebrated 
author  and  his  productions.  We  make  a  brief  extract  from 
Brissot's  celebrated  sketch : 

'■Candour  in  the  countenance,  mildness  in  the  looks,  serenity 
upon  the  brow,  calmness  in  the  language,  coolness  in  the  move- 
ments. imi>erturbability  united  with  the  keenest  feeling:  such  are 
his  qualities.  .  .  .  "When  he  had  exaniinedall  these  wrecks  of  Gothic 
Law.  and  collected  his  materials,  he  applied  himself  to  the  con- 
struction of  a  systematic  plan  of  civil  and  criminal  law,  founded 
entirely  upon  reason,  and  having  for  its  object  the  happiness  of 
the  human  race.'' 

Dr.  Parr,  a  small  man  with  a  great  name — a  man  ridicu- 
lously overrated — perhaps  overpraises  Bentham  as  much  as 
Bi.shop  Butler  overpraises  Parr: 

"Dr.  Parr  considered  Jeremy  Bentham  as  the  wisest  man  of  his 
time,  whose  powerful  and  penetrating  mind  had  anticipated  the 
improvements  of  coming  ages,  and  who.  on  the  all-important  sub- 
ject of  Jurisprudence  has  discovered  and  collected  knowledge, 
which  will  scarcely  find  its  way  to  the  great  mass  of  human  intel- 
lect, perhaps  through  the  course  of  another  century." — Field's  Life 
of  Parr,  vol.  ii..  p.  203. 

'■  In  Jeremy  Bentham  the  world  has  lost  the  great  teacher  and 
patriot  of  his  time:  the  man  who.  of  all  men  who  were  living  on 
the  day  of  his  death,  has  exercised  and  is  exercising  over  the  for- 
tunes of  mankind  the  widest  and  most  durable  influence.  .  .  .  There 
are  some  most  important  branches  of  the  science  of  law  which  were 
in  a  more  wretched  state  than  almost  any  of  the  others  when  he 
took  them  in  hand,  and  which  he  has  so  exhausted,  that  he  seems 
to  have  left  nothing  to  be  .sought  by  future  inquirers;  we  mean 
the  departments  of  procedure,  evidence,  and  the  judicial  establish- 
ment.'"— Lovdiyti  Extimiun: 

The  Traitcs  de  Legislation  Civile  et  Penale  was  reviewed 
at  length  by  Lord  Jeffrey  in  the  Edinburgh  Review: 

"The  plan' which  Mr.  Bentham  has  chalked  out  for  himself  in 
this  undertJiking.  is  more  vast  and  comprehensive,  we  believe,  than 
was  ever  ventured  upon  before  by  the  .amldtion  of  any  one  indi- 
vidual. It  embraces  almost  every  thing  that  is  important  in  the 
science  of  human  nature,  and  not  only  touches  upon  .all  the  hit^her 
questions  of  government  and  legislation,  but  includes  most  of  the 
abstract  principles  of  ethic.s  and  metaphysics,  and  professes  to  de- 
lineate those  important  rules  by  which  the  finest  speculations  of 
philosophy  m.ay  be  made  to  exert  their  infl  uence  on  the  act  ual  con- 
dition of  society.  .  .  .  NotwithstandingallthatM. Dumont  has  done 
to  render  the  work  popular,  we  are  afraid  that  it  will  have  fewei 
readers  than  it  des,_*rves.  Those  who  do  read  it.  will  .also  dissent, 
we  should  imagine,  from  many  of  the  author's  fnndament.al  prin- 
ciples; but  they  will  infallibly  be  delighted  with  the  sagacity  and 
independence  which  di>;tinguish  all  bis  speculatinns.  and  will 
look  forward  with  impatience  to  the  publication  of  his  entire  sys- 
tem."—Vol,  ii..  istu. 

The  reviewing  of  the  Book  of  Fallacies,  (pub.  1824,)  fell 
to  the  lot  of  the  witty  author  of  Peter  Plymley's  Letters. 
We  commend  the  criliiiuc  to  the  attention  of  our  readers- 
Sydney  Smith  introduces  the  subject  in  his  own  arousing 
style : 

''  Whether  it  is  necessary  there  should  be  a  middleman  between 
the  cultivator  and  possessor,  learned  economists  doubted;  but 
neither  gods,  men,  nnr  booksellers  can  dnubt  the  necessity  of  a 
middleman  between  Mr.  Bentham  and  the  public.  Mr.  Bentham 
is  long;  Mr.  Bentham  is  occasionally  involved  and  obscure;  Mr. 


BEN" 


BEN 


Bentham  invents  new  and  alarming  expressions;  Mr.  Bentham 
loves  division  and  subdivision — and  he  loves  method  itself,  more 
than  its  consequences.  Those  only,  therefore,  who  know  his  ori;:i- 
nality,  his  knowledge,  his  vigour,  and  his  boldness,  will  recur  to 
the  works  themselves.  The  great  mass  of  readers  will  not  purchase 
improvement  at  so  dear  a  rate;  but  will  choose  rather  to  become 
aciujiinti'd  with  Mr.  Itentham  through  the  Keviews — after  that 
eminent  philsopherhas  been  washed,  trimmed,  shaved,  and  forced 
into  clean  linen." — Jului.  JRevieio,  vol.  xlii..  1S25. 

In  the  Papers  relative  to  Codification  were  included  the 
author's  correspondence  with  divers  constituted  authorities 
in  the  United  ritutcs  of  America,  relative  to  the  improve- 
ment of  their  legislation: 

"The  UuiU'd  ^^tates  are  still  subject  to  the  common  law  of  Eng- 
land, except  so  far  as  that  law  has  been  altered  or  repealed  by 
liritit^h  or  Americiin  statutes.  In  the  opinion  of  -Mr.  Bentham,  an 
unwritten  law  must  always  be  attended  with  great  evils;  and  he 
earnestly  exhorts  the  Americans,  in  the  place  of  it,  to  substitute 
a  written  code.  The  gre*»ter  part  of  what  is  addressed  on  this  sub- 
ject to  America  is  immediately  applicable  to  Kngland;  and  a  matr 
ter  of  greater  or  more  increasing  importance  can  hardly  be  presented 
to  our  view.  .  . .  What  principally  obstructs  the  circulation  of  Mr. 
Bentham's  writings,  is  the  style  in  which  they  are  composed.  Un- 
like most  authors.  Mr.  Bentliam's  first  publications  are.  in  point  of 
writing,  the  ui'ist  perfect ;  and  long  habit  and  frequent  exercise. 
insifud  of  improving  his  language,  seem  only  to  have  rendered  it 
perijle\ed-  nhseure,  and  uncouth." — iklin.  Review,  vol.  xxis.,  1S17. 

The  llati()nale  of  Judicial  Evidence,  (pub.  1827,)  is  very 
freely  reviewed  iu  the  same  periodical.  The  critic  thus 
concludes : 

"  As  we  have  spoken  plainly  our  real  sentiments  regarding  the 
flaws  whirh  strike  across  this  great  work  a  vein  so  deep  and  coarse 
that  there  is  scarce  a  page  together  which  we  have  read  with  un- 
miugled  pleasure;  we  are  bound  to  state  with  equal  sincerity,  that 
We  should  have  thought  it  impossible  for  any  book  upon  a  subject 
with  which  we  had  liincied  ourselves  well  acquainted,  and  which, 
in  our  idiomatic  form  of  it  at  least,  we  had  been  long  conversant, 
to  have  given  us  so  many  new  ideas,  and  to  have  so  completely 
changed  onr  old  ones." — Ibid.,  vol.  xlviii..  IS'28. 

The  Theorie  des  Peines  et  des  Recompenses,  (pub.  1811,) 
affords  an  opportunity  for  honourable  mention  of  the  author : 

"Additional  time  for  meditating  upon  the  subject  has  only  con- 
firmed the  conviction  originally  entertained,  of  the  e.'Jsential  services 
rendered  to  the  most  important  branch  of  legislation  by  this  pi*o- 
mulgation  of  Mr.  Ilentham's  doctrines." — IhkL,  vol.  xxii.,  1813. 

In  a  notice  of  Deontology,  or  the  Science  of  Morality, 
arrangetl  by  Dr.  Buwring  from  the  MS^^.  of  Mr.  Bentham, 
(pub.  IS.'U,)  the  Edinburgh  reviewer  remarks, 

"■Th.it  thetiermans,  the  most  accurate.  learned,  and  philosophical 
nation  in  Knrope.  admit  the  merits  of  Mi-.  Bentham  as  a  juriscon- 
sult, in  bis  ai)al\sis  and  classification  of  the  mninial  interests  of 
life;  but  their  nu-taphysicians  and  nioi-alisfs  agree,  we  believe, 
without  an  exreption.  in  considering  bis  speculative  philosophy  as 
undeserving  eveu  the  pomp  and  ceremony  of  an  argument." — 
Vol.  Ixi.,  1^^5. 

With  respect  to  adverse  criticism,  Mr.  Bentham  pursued 
a  plan  the  adoption  of  which  would  save  many  poor  au- 
thors much  mortification  and  chagrin ;  he  made  it  a  rule 
to  read  nothing  against  his  theories. 

Church  of  Englandismand  its  Catechism  examined,  (pub. 
1818,)  is  severely  rebuked  in  the  Lon.  Quarterly  Review: 

"  It  is  fortunate  that  this  book  (as  we  have  said)  is  not  at  all 
attractive;  it  is  too  obscure  to  be  generally  understood,  and  too 
ridiculous  to  be  admired;  and  however  misihievousthe  intention, 
the  tendency  will  be  very  innoxious.  Of  its  worst  part,  the  inde- 
cent levity  with  which  all  that  is  sacred  is  treated  in  it,  we  have 
not  spoken.  These  offences  must  be  answered  for  at  a  higher  tri- 
bunal; but  we  would  seriously  recommend  it  to  the  author  to 
consider  whether  the  decline  of  life  cannot  be  better  spent  than  in 
captiously  cavilling  at  the  doctrines  of  religion,  and  in  profane  ri- 
dicule of  its  most  holy  rites." — Vol.  xsJ..lS19. 

Rev.  11.  J.  Rose  pub.  A  Critical  Examination  of  those 
parts  of  Bentham's  work  which  relate  to  the  Sacraments 
and  Church  Catechism,  Lon.,  1819,  8vo. 

A  notice  of  Chresturaathia,  a  work  upon  education,  Ac, 
(pub.  1817,)  will  be  found  in  the  Monthly  Review,  vol.  sc, 
1819: 

*'In  the  present  treatise,  a.«;  in  all  the  works  of  Mr.  Bentham, 
the  reader  will  discover  much  originality  of  thought;  for  the  au- 
thor never  sits  down  to  examine  any  of  the  objects  of  intellectual 
pursuit  without  illuminating  them  by  the  rays  of  his  own  en- 
lightened understanding,  Mr.  Bentham  has  long  been  a  daring 
innovator  in  the  use  of  words ;  and  he  scatters  his  new  terms  over 
his  page  '  thick  as  autumnal  leaves  that  strew  the  brooks  in  Val- 
lombrosa.' " 

Bentham's  Theory  of  Legislation  translated  into  English 
by  R.  Ilildrcth,  (see  ante,)  was  reviewed  by  Mr.  W.  Phil- 
lips in  the  North  American  Review,  vol.  li.,  384-: 

"  Mr.  Bentham's  political  speculations  are  not  without  theoreti- 
cal distortions;  but  he  is  not  very  Utopian,  he  does  not  write  of 
perfect  commonwealths,  founded  upon  a  state  of  manners,  morals, 
and  intelligence,  of  rights  and  obligations,  that  have  been  out  of 
Totrue  ever  since  the  golden  age.  lie  takes  mankind  as  he  finds 
them,  with  their  passions,  views,  depravity,  and  blind  prejudices; 
and  sometimes  reminds  his  readers  of  Solon's  modification  of  theo- 
ries and  principles,  by  the  rule,  that  you  are  only  to  give  a  people 
as  pood  a  code  as  thev  will  bear." 

The  author  of  the  letters  addressed  tr*  Sir  Robert  Peel 
under  the  signature  of  Eunomus  handles  Bentham  with 


great  severity ;  whilst,  on  the  other  hand,  Mr.  E.  Sinclair 
CuUen  declares  that  when  he  reads  the  criticisms  of  those 
who — ■ 

" '  Bounded  by  nature,  narrowed  still  by  art, 
A  trilling  head,  and  a  contracted  heart.' — 
attack  the  opinions  and  deride  the  style  of  Mr.  Bentham.  I  am 
the  more  struck  with  his  stupendous  superiority  of  mind,  and  his 

enviable  superiority  of  feeling But  I  let  my  pen  drop  with 

humility  ; — suddenly  ashamed  at  my  presumption  in  fancying  that 
1  can  offer  any  worthy  homage  to  a  person  so  celebrated  iu  all 
quarters  of  the  world  as  a  benefactor  to  mankind." 

In  a  similar  strain,  a  writer  in  the  New  Monthly  Maga- 
zine does  not  scruple  to  say  that  ''  a  knowledge  of   his 
works  is  a  key  which  unlocks  all  the  mysteries  of  social 
and  political  government."     The  advocacy  of   Mr.    Mill 
and  the  strictures  of  Sir  Samuel  Rumilly.  Sir  James  Mack- 
I  intosh,  and  Mr.  Macaulay  need  only  be  referred  to  here. 
I  Our  utilitarian  philosopher  was  not  considered  unworthy 
I  the  adulation  of  princes.     Talleyrand  made  a  proposal  a 
few  weeks  before   the  author's  death  to  have  a  cumjilete 
I  edition  of  his  works  published  at  Paris  in  the  French  lan- 
I  guage.    The  Emperor  Alexander  sent  him  a  diamond  ring, 
which,  as  Major  Parry  thinks,to  his  "immortal  honour," 
but  as  we  think,  rather  in  bad  taste,  he  returned. 

In  the  words  of  Sir  James  Mackintosh, 

"It  cannot  be  denied  without  injustice  and  ingratitude,  that 
Mr.  Bentham  has  done  more  than  any  other  writer  to  rouse  the 
spiiit  of  juridical  reformation  which  is  now  gradually  examining 
every  part  of  law ;  and  when  further  progress  is  fa(.ilitated  by  di- 
gesting the  present  laws,  will  doubtless  proceed  to  the  improve- 
ment of  all.  Greater  praise  it  is  giveu  to  few  to  earn." — Frd.  Dis. 
to  Encyc.  Brit. 

Had  the  philosopher  been  more  distrustful  of  himself,  he 
would  have  proved  of  mure  benefit  to  others,  and  a  greater 
share  of  humility  would  have  adtled  to  his  true  greatness. 

Bentham,  Joseph.     Theolog.  works.  Lon.,  16;')0-36. 

Bentham,  Thomas,  b.  about  1513,  d.  1578,  Bishop 
of  Lichfield  and  Coventry,  trans,  the  Book  of  Psalms 
into  English  at  the  command  of  Queen  Elizabeth  ;  he  like- 
wise traus.  Ezekiel  and  Daniel.  He  also  pub.  a  sermon  on 
St.  Matt.  xli.  11. 

Beutinek,  Henry  Cavendish,  Lord  William, 
K.  B.      Account  nf  the  Mutiny  at  Vallore,  Lon.,  1810,  Uo. 

Bentley,  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  a  journeyman 
cordwainer,  born  at  Norwich,  1767.  Genuine  Poetical 
Compositions,  on  various  Subjects.  Lon.,  1791,  Svo. 

Bentley,  Hugh.  British  Class  Book;  or  Exercises 
in  Reading  and  Elocution,  Lon.,  1837.  12mo. 

''Mr.  Bentley  has  made  the  selections  with  an  excellent  dis- 
crimination and  tine  taste;  and  we  have  no  doubt  the  work  will 
take  a  station  in  the  first  class  of  works  designed  for  tuition.  To 
a  general  purchaser,  it  is  valuable  from  the  intrinsic  worth  and 
variety  of  its  contents." — BriUmnia. 

Bentley,  John.     Theolog.  works,  Lon.,  1803-12. 

Bentley,  John.  The  Royal  Convert;  a  Sacred  Drama, 
1803.     The  R-val  Penitent;  a  Sacred  Drama,  1804. 

Bentley,  Richard,  D.D.,  ir,r)l-2— 1742.  was  a  native 
of  OuUon,  near  Wakefield,  in  the  West  Riding  of  Ynrk- 
shire.  In  1676  he  was  sent  to  St.  John's  College,  Cam- 
bridge, where  he  gave  such  proofs  of  application  to  his 
studies,  that  at  the  early  age  of  twenty  he  was  nominated 
by  the  Fellows  of  St.  John's  to  the  head-mastership  of  the 
grammar  school  of  Spalding,  in  Lincolnshire.  After  hold- 
ing this  situation  for  a  twelvemonth,  he  accepted  the  office 
of  domestic  tutor  to  the  son  of  Dr.  Edward  Stillingfleet, 
the  Dean  of  St.  Paul's,  and  subsequently  Bishop  of  Wor- 
cester. In  1692  he  received  a  prebend  in  Worcester  Cathe- 
dral, and  was  appointed  to  deliver  the  tirst  series  of  the 
Boyle  Lectures.  In  the  next  year  he  was  made  keeper  of 
the  Royal  Library  at  St.  James's.  In  1605  he  was  made 
chaplain  in  ordinary  to  the  King;  and  took  his  degree  of 
D.D.  at  Cambridge,  in  1606.  In  February,  1700,  he  was 
installed  master  of  Trinity  College,  Cambridge,  and  iu  the 
same  year  was  collated  to  the  archdeaconry  of  Ely.  vat-ant 
by  the  death  of  Dr.  SayweU.  In  1717,  by  the  death  uf 
Dr.  James,  the  Regius  Professorship  of  Divinity  became 
vacant,  and  was  obtained  by  Dr.  Bentley  by  the  use  of  the 
most  skilful  management.  Our  space  will  not  p^ermit  us 
to  enter  into  any  detailed  account  of  the  unhappy  contro- 
versies in  which  the  master  of  Trinity  bore  so  prominent 
a  part.  His  demand  for  an  illegal  fee  was  resisted  by 
Conyers  Middleton,  who  was  sustained  by  the  Vice-chan- 
cellor's court.  Bentley  treated  the  authorities  with  the 
same  contempt  which  he  had  displayed  for  his  accuser; 
and  on  his  refusal  to  make  reparation,  the  senate,  l>y  a 
large  majority,  deprived  him  of  all  his  degrees.  This  de- 
cree was  followed  by  a  lively  controversy,  in  which  Mid- 
dleton displayed  great  ability.  The  Fellows  of  Trinity  at 
last  resolved  to  bring  their  grievances  to  a  judicial  tribu- 
nal.   The  cause  was  finally  referred  to  the  Hou^-e  of  Lords, 

169 


BEN 

who  commissioned  Dr.  r.iccne,  the  Bisliop  of  Ely,  to  try 
Dr  Benlley  upon  twentv  out  of  tlie  sixty-four  nrtules  ex- 
hibited aKainst  him.  The  Bishop  senteneed  him  to  be  de- 
prived of  his  mastership,  and  his  enemies  seemed  to  have 
completely  triumphed.  But  Bcntley  was  not  easily  out- 
witted. The  sentence  of  the  Bishop  could  be  put  in  exe- 
cution by  none  but  the  vice-mnstcr ;  Bcntley  pl-.iced  his 
devoted  adherent,  Kichard  Walker,  in  that  office ;  and  the 
new  incumbent,  pleading  that  he  was  not  the  mme  vice- 
master,  refused  to  carry  the  sentence  into  execution.  In 
1738  Bishop  Greene  died  ;  the  proceedings  were  not  re- 
vived, .and  Bentley  triumphed;  holdin};  out  for  28  years 
against  all  right  and  law,  despising  alike  ecclesiastical 
authority,  and  the  censure  of  the  university.  AVe  will  now 
turn  to  a  more  pleasing  subject— tlie  liter.ary  character  oi 
this  great  scholar  and  eminent  .bissicnl  critic. 

His  first  publication  was  Evi>tHhi  ad  clnrum  viriim  .loan- 
nem  Milliuin,  appended  to  the  i  >xf"vd  edition  of  the  Chro- 
nicle of  .Joannes  Malolas  Antiochenus.  This  dissertation 
at  once  established  his  reputation  throughout  Europe  as 
"  a  critic  of  the  very  highest  order  of  excellence."  It  was 
received  with  the  "loudest  commendations  by  Grievius 
and  E/.ekicl  Spanheim :  and  has  ever  since  been  sjloken 
of  by  the  first  critics  with  reverence  and  wonder.  See,  in 
particular,  Kuhnken's  preface  to  Albert!  llesychms, 

"There  is.  pi-rhnps.  no  Irarned  work  of  the  same  comp,iss  which 
can  bo  compared  with  it  for  ingenuity,  orisinality.  and  copious 
erudition.    The  observations  on  Hesychius  are  particularly  valu- 

'  "Vhen  wc  consider  the  number  of  topics  discuss.-d-of  which 
many  were  amons  the  most  ol.scure  and  iutiiKitc  willun  the  whole 
ranEB  of  phiiolosical  criticism,— the  rrach  and  oriKiiuality  of  ins 
speculations  on  questions  supposed  to  have  been  exhausted  by  the 
learnin-  and  sacadty  of  his  predecessors,— the  prodi-ious  display 
of  eruditi™.  appan-ntlv  not  1,-ss  extensive,  and  incomp.araldy  move 
accui-it."  ttian  tliat  of  Salmasius,  Scaliger,  or  Casaubon— the  close. 
jiT.-«Util.l.-  U"\'-  with  which  he  supports  all  his  discoveries  and 
con.-lusi"ns.-aud  the  animation  of  his  style,  which  throws  a 
charm  and  liveliness  over  subjects  naturally  the  nio.st  devoid  of 
interest,  we  may  s.afely  pronounce  the  Epistle  to  Dr  Mill  to  lie  one 
of  Ih..  most  extraordin.arv  performances  in  the  entue  compass  or 
clasM>  al  literature.  Indeed,  but  for  one  of  the  subsMluent  pro- 
ducti.ins  of  the  same  author,  it  would  have  remained  to  this  day 
umivalleii.-— C«lliliJl(//iam's  Bing.  Hist. 

Mr.  Ilallam.  after  remarking  that  Bentley  was  the  great- 
est English  critic  in  his  own,  or  possibly  any  other,  age, 
proceeds  to  notice  the  Ejiistle  to  Mill : 

"  In  a  desultory  and  abcst  -arrulous  strain  Bentley  pours  forth 
an  immense  store  of  novel  l.ariiio-  and  of  acute  cnticism.  espe- 
cially on  his  favourite  sul.jcit,  which  was  destined  to  become  his 
Elory.  the  si-attered  relics  of  the  ancient  dramatists.  Ihe  st.vle  ot 
Bentley  always  terse  and  livelv.  sometimes  humorous  and  dryly 
sarcastic,  whether  he  wrote  in  latin  or  in  English,  could  not  but 
au^'mcot  the  admiratinn  which  his  learning  challenged.  Gra-vius 
an.l  St.anheira  pronounced  him  the  risint;  star  of  British  litera- 
ture and  a  correspondence  with  the  former  Iwsan  in  1692,  which 
continued  in  unbroken  friendship  till  his  death."— Li?.  nf  Eiirnpe. 
In  1696  he  transmitted  to  Grsevius  his  notes  and  emen- 
dations on  Callimachus,  with  a  large  collection  of  the 
fragments  of  that  poet.  ....  ,  . 

"'The  erudition  and  critical  acumen  displayed  in  these  contri- 
butions to  his  friend's  edition,  were  such  as  fully  to  sustain  his 
reputation  as  the  first  schol.ar  of  modern  times." 

The  celebrated  controversy  respecting  the  genuineness 
of  the  Epistles  of  Phalaris  now  claims  our  attention.  Sir 
William  Temple  had  cited  the  Epistles  of  Phalaris  and  the 
Fables  of  jUsop  as  conspicuous  instances  of  tho  superiority 
of  ancient  literatnre  over  modern.  Wotton  replied  with 
ability:  and  Bentley  promised  to  prove  that  the  .'Esopian 
Fables  were  not  iEsop's,  and  tliat  the  Epistles  of  Phalaris 
were  a  modern  forgery.  A  new  edition  of  the  Epistles 
was  prepariuf  abmit  this  time  at  Christ  Church  College, 
Oxford,  and  The  Honourable  Charles  Boyle,  a  student  in 
the  college,  was  selected  as  the  editor.  The  preface  to  the 
new  editbin  contained  a  censure  upon  Bentley  for  a  sup- 
posed want  of  courtesy  respecting  the  use  of  a  M,'?.  in  the 
lil)rary  at  St.  James's.  The  bookseller.  Bonnet,  had  at- 
tempted to  cover  his  negligence  by  throwing  the  blame 
upon  Dr.  Bentley,  tho  librarian.  The  latter  wrote  to  Mr. 
Boyle,  and  explained  tho  facts  of  the  ease.     Boylo  replied, 

"What  Mr.  Bcntley  had  said  miiht  be  true,  but  th.at  the  book- 
seller had  represented  the  matter  quite  otherwise,  and  that  Mr. 
Bentley  mi.-ht  seek  his  redress  in  any  metliod  he  pb-ased. 

In  1697  ATotton  published  a  new  edition  ot  his  Keply  to 
Sir  William  Temple,  and  begged  his  friend  Bentley  to  ful- 
fil his  promise,  and  furnish  him  with  the  proof  of  the  spu- 
riousness  of  the  Epistles  to  Phalaris,  tho  Fables  of  .Esop, 
and  the  Letters  of  Themistocles,  of  Socrates,  and  of  Eu- 
ripides. Dr.  Bcntley  complied  with  the  request,  and  com- 
posed a  masterly  demonstration  of  tho  position  which  he 
had  so  boldly  assumed. 


I  so  ooiuiy  assuiucvi. 

Considered  as  a  whole,  the  dissertation  must  be  pronounced  a 
170 


BEN 

makteipiece  of  learning  and  ability,  to  the  production  of  which  no 
other  writer  of  the  age  was  equal." 

The  scholars  of  Christ  Church,  amazed  but  not  silenced, 
determined  to  encounter  their  formidable  opponent,  and 
deputed  a  committee,  consisting  of  Attcrbury,  Smalndge, 
Anthony  Alsop,  and  the  two  brothers  Fremd,  to  carry  on 
the  war.  Attcrbury,  afterwards  Bishop  of  llochoster,  was 
tlie  principal  champion.  The  rejoinder  appeared  in  March, 
169S  It  was  styled  Dr.  Bentley's  Dissertations  on  the 
Epistles  of  Phalaris  and  the  Fables  of  ^sop,  examined 
by  the  Hon.  Charles  Boyle.  This  work  was  as  contemptilde 
in  point  of  philological  learning  as  it  was  brilliant  in  the 
more  popular  qualities  of  wit  and  satire. 

'•It  was  received  by  the  literary  world  with  a  tempest  of  ap- 
plause. Wits  and  w'itlings,  poets,  mathematicians,  and  anti- 
quaries concurred  in  celebrating  the  imaginary  triumph  of  the 
(konians,  and  persecuting  the  great  critic  who  was  soon  to  crush 
them  at  a  blow." 

Pope,  Swift,  Aldrich,  Garth,  Dodwell,  and  Conyers  Mid- 
dleton  were  among  his  opponents.  Dr.  Garth  has  stereo- 
typed his  own  ignorance  in  the  well-known  couplet  in  hia 

Dispensary  :  .   ^  ., 

"  go  diamonds  owe  a  lustre  to  their  foil, 
And  to  a  Bentley  'tis  we  owe  a  Boyle." 
Swift's  Battle  of  the  Books  is  about  the  only  one  of  all 
the  satires  aimed  at  Bentley  which  is  now  known  to  the 
general  reader.  But  the  triumphing  of  tlie  Pigmies  was 
short.  In  llilli)  the  doctor  carried  dismay  into  the  ranks 
of  the  adversary  by  the  "  unrivalled  and  immortal"  Dis- 
sertation upon  the  Epistles  of  Phalaris,  with  an  Answer  to 
the  olijections  of  the  Hon.  Robt.  Boyle.  The  victory  was 
complete :  the  enemy  was  made  to  "  bite  the  dust,'  and 
the  battle  was  at  an  end. 

"To  those  who  never  critically  examined  this  truly  stupendous 
production,  it  is  impossible  to  convey  an  adequate  conception  of 
its  merits.  To  affirm  that  it  vindicates  tho  character  of  Bentley  in 
every  particular  on  which  it  had  been  as,sailed.  and,  w-ith  one  in- 
considerable exception,  sust.aius  every  position  that  he  had  ad- 
vanced in  the  original  dissertation  upon  Phalaris,  is  saying  little. 
It  is  replete  throughout  witli  learning  of  the  finest  and  rarest 
ou.ality.  The  same  unequalled  force  aud  subtlety  of  intellect 
■which  had  distinguished  the  appendix  to  the  (.'hiiinicle  of  Malelas, 
is  here  exbiliited  to  even  greater  advantage.  Ihe  style,  though 
wanting  in  harmony  and  elegance,  is  full  of  energy ;  and  the  wit 
and  sai-casm  with  whi.-h  the  wh.ile  piece  abounds,  if  inferior  to 
that  of  his  adversaries  in  the  qualities  of  ease  and  grace,  is  equal, 
perhaps  superior,  in  pungency.  This  incomparable  work  was, 
lifter  an  interval  of  nearly  eighty  years,  translated  into  Latin  by 
Lennep.  a  scholar  of  eminence,  and  one  of  the  pupds  of  the  illus- 
trious Valckenaer."— ftimiin^/ium's  Bi'of/.  His;.  ,.  ,.  „, 
"  It  may  be  said,  with  perfect  truth,  that,  as  a  conibination  of 
profound  learning  and  great  ori::inality  with  lively  wit  and  sound 
lo.'ic,  it  has  never  been  paialieled.  Although  it  came  forth  as  an 
ocrasional  and  controversial  work,  such  is  the  fulness  with  which 
every  subject  in  it  is  discussed,  that  it  is  still  used  as  a  text-book 
in  our  universities,  and  will  always  continue  to  be  read  even  by 
those  who  have  no  interest  in.  nor  acquaintance  vvith,  the  book  to 
which  it  is  professedly  an  answer."— itet's  Bwg.  Diet. 

We  have  quoted  Mr.  Hallam's  observations  on  the  Epis- 
tle to  Mill.     This  eminent  authority  proceeds  to  remark  : 

"  But  the  rare  qualities  of  Bentley  were  more  abundantly  dis- 
played, aud  before  the  eyes  of  a  more  numerous  tribunal,  in  bis 
femous  dissertation  on  the  epistles  a.scrihed  to  Phalaris.  .  It 
was  the  first  great  literary  war  that  had  been  waged  in  England, 
and  like  that  of  Troy,  it  has  still  the  prerogative  of  being  remem- 
bered, after  the  Epistles  of  Phalaris  are  almost  as  much  buried  as 
the  walls  of  Trov  itself  Both  comlatants  were  skilful  in  wielding 
the  sword:  the  arms  of  Boyle,  in  Swift's  language,  were  given 
him  by  all  the  gods;  but  his  antagonist  stood  forward  in  no  such 
fl.ur.ative  strength.  m.aster  of  a  learning  to  which  nothing  parab 
IcI  had  been  known  in  England,  and  that  direeted  by  an  under- 
standin-  prompt,  discriminating,  not  idly  skeptical,  but  still  fur- 
ther removed  trom  trust  in  authority ;  sagacious  in  perceiving  cor- 
ruptions of  language,  and  ingenious,  at  the  least,  in  removing 
them-  with  a  styleVapid.  concise,  amusing,  and  superior  to  lloyl. 
in  that  which  he  had  chiefly  to  boast,  a  sarcastic  wit.  —LU.  oj 
Europe. 

Mr  Disraeli,  in  his  Quarrels  of  Authors,  remarks : 
"  Benlley's  Dissertation  on  Phalaris  is  a  volume  of  perpetual 
value  to  the  lovers  of  ancient  Literature.  His  narrative  of  the  rise 
of  his  controversy  with  Boyle  is  a  most  vigorous  production;  it 
heaves  with  the  workings  of  a  master  spirit :  still  reasoning  with 
such  force,  and  still  applying  with  surh  bapiao.ss  tlie  stores  of 
his  copious  literature,  that  had  it  not  been  tor  tins  Literary  Quar- 
rel the  mere  English  reader  had  lost  this  sni-1.-  opportunity  or 
sun'eying  that  commanding  intellect.  Posteiit  v  jostlv  appreciates 
the  volume  of  Bentley  for  its  stoves  of  Ancient  Literature,  an.l  tlie 
author  for  that  peculiar  s.ag.acity  in  emending  a  corrupt  text,  which 
formed  his  distinguishing  characteristic  as  a  classical  critic. 

Tho  Bev.  Mr.  Dyco.  the  learned  editor  of  Bentley's  works, 
fLon  ,  1836-?,,'!,  3  vols,  only  published,)  observes  that 

"On  Bentley's  memorable  perlnrmances.  the  Dissertations  on 
Phalaris,  criticism  has  been  exhausted.  In  the  just  arrangement 
of  the  matter,  in  the  logical  precision  of  the  .arguments  and  m 
the  readiness  and  skill  with  which  the  most  extensive  and  refined 
erudition  is  brouL-ht  to  bear  upon  the  points  routes  ed.  it  is  per- 
haps unrivalled  by  any  single  work.  Enriched  with  mcidenta 
disquisitions  on  many  different  topics  of  classical  tormug,  it  wUl 


BEN 


BEN 


eTer  lie  prized  by  the  Rtudent  as  a  storehouse  of  important  infor- 
mation." 

"Good  sense."  says  Bisliop  Warbnrton,  "is  the  foundation  of 
critioism;  this  it  is  that  has  made  Di-.  Reutley  and  Bishop  Hare 
the  two  L^ivatfst  ci  itics  that  ever  were  in  the  world.  Xot  that  y:ood 
sense  aloiir  "ill  I'f  sutticirnt:  for  that  considerable  part  of  it, 
emeiidinu'  ;i  roi  iii|it  text,  tbrie  must  he  a  certain  sa.^acity.  which 
is  so  dislin^uishinj;  a  quality  in  Dr.  Uentley." — Bishop  Mci7-bui't"ii 
to  Dr.  Bitc'i :  JVichnls's  Literary  Anealotis. 

In  170S  Beiitlcy  addressed  to  Ludolph  Kuster,  who  wns 
engaged  upon  an  edition  of  Aristoplijines,  Three  Critical 
■  Epistles,  (imtaining  annotations  upon  the  Plntus  and  the 
Nubes.  In  the  next  year  he  communicated  a  number  of 
notes  to  Davies's  edition  of  the  Tu.sculan  Questions  of 
Cicero.  These  were  followed  by  the  celebrated  Emenda- 
tions of  Monandcr  Philemon.  How  severely  be  rebuked 
the  presumption  of  Le  Clerc,  and  the  controversy  which 
ensued  thereon,  are  matters  doubtless  familiar  to  many  of 
our  readers.  His  edition  of  Horace,  which  had  engaged 
him  for  ten  years,  was  publi.'^hcd  at  Cambridge  in  1711, 
4to.  This  work  claims  both  praise  and  ccnsux-e.  The 
illustrative  annotations,  and  many  of  the  emendations, 
are  invaluable  ;  the  chronology  has  been  api)roved  as  sound, 
and  the  logical  acnteness  and  penetrating  sagacity  of  the 
editor  cannot  bo  suthcieutly  admired;  but,  on  the  other 
hand,  indefensible  libertie.?  are  taken  with  the  text,  and  a 
conjectural  fabric  of  unwieldy  proportions  is  erected  upon 
a  narrow  basis  of  probability.  The  errors  of  so  eminent 
a  critic  were  not  allowed  to  pass  without  chastisement. 
Ker  and  Johnson,  and  long  afterwards.  Cunningham,  in 
his  rival  edition  of  Horace,  (1721,)  visited  the  offences  of 
the  great  mayler  with  a  rod  of  ir<in.  In  171^^.  under  the 
signature  of  Pliileleutheros  Lipsiensis,  our  author  casti- 
gated Anthony  Collins  for  his  Discourse  of  Free-thinking, 
pub.  in  the  same  year. 

"This  volume  should  be  studied  by  every  man  who  is  desirous 
of  forminj^  just  notions  of  Biblical  Criticism." — Herbert  Marsh. 

His  great  sermon  on  Popery  was  preached  and  published 
in  1715.  Some  Remarks  upon  it  were  pub.  by  John  Cam- 
ming in  I7If^.  In  1720  he  issued  his  Proposals  for  print- 
ing a  New  Edition  of  the  Greek  Testament.  His  letter  to 
Archbishop  Wnke  upon  this  subject  was  dated  four  years 
earlier,  Bentley  designed  to  restore  the  text  of  the  Greek 
Testament  to  the  same  state  in  which  it  was  at  the  Council 
of  Nice.  His  plan  was  '*to  amend  the  (ireck  text  through 
the  Latin  Vulgate,  in  the  same  way  as  the  version  of  Plato 
by  M.  Ticino  is  made  the  bn.sis  for  correction.^  of  the  Greek 
text  of  that  philosopher."  The  22d  cliapter  of  the  Apoca- 
lypse was  published  with  the  prospectus  as  a  si'ccimen;  a 
number  of  MSS.  had  been  eollect^ed,  and  £2UfiU  sub.-tribed. 
The  Proposals  were  assailed  by  Conyers  Middlcton  in  a 
tone  of  great  severity.  Bentley  replied  to  the  attack — for 
which  he  held  Dr.  Colbatch  partly  responsible — but  he  did 
not  carry  out  liis  projected  new  edition.  Whether  he  would 
have  fallen  into  the  errors  apprehended  by  Ernesti.  of 
attaching  too  great  weight  to  those  Greek  MSS.  which  have 
been  interpolated  from  the  Latin  versiim,  and  to  those  La- 
tin MSS.  which  he  supposed  to  contaiu  the  genuine  ver- 
sion of  Jerome,  which  certainly  followed  the  text  of  Ori- 
gen — it  is  of  course  impossible  to  decide.  Ernesti  draws 
these  conclusions  from  Bentley's  proposals,  but  what  scho- 
lar does  not  improve— -and  sometimes  completely  alter — 
fhe  original  design?  It  is  proper  to  remark  here,  in  con- 
nexion with  the  reference  to  I\Iiddleton,  that  in  1724  Bent- 
ley was  restored  by  a  peremptory  mnmlamun  to  all  the  de- 
grees and  privileges  of  which  he  had  been  deprived. 

In  1725  appeared  his  celebrated  edition  uf  Terence.  This 
is  carefully  prepared,  and  will  bear  the  test  of  criticism. 

'■The  Schediasnia  on  Latin  metres  whir-h  is  prefixed  to  it,  is 
still  the  best  treatise  on  the  subject.  ludnil  liinilcy  may  be  con- 
sidered as  absolutely  a  discoverer  in  reltilinii  i-.  [,:itiii  metres:  he 
had  piven  a  proof  of  bis  oriiiiiiality  in  this  li.ld  iu  1709.  in  some 
notesonCirerosTu'^cnl  II  t  (.  I'i^putatinnesapiiended  to  Davies's  edi- 
tion, in  which  he  l):iii  ii'^inn.!  in  a  most  iuL'enious  and  satistiic- 
tory  manner,  the  fia^iiirut^  of  the  Latin  poets  quoted  in  that 
work." 

Unfortunately  this  creditable  work  was  followed  by  an 
edition  of  Pha;drus  and  Publius  Syrius,  which  has  the  un- 
enviable distinction  of  being  the  most  careless  and  inde- 
fensible production  ever  published  by  its  editor.  For  his 
unwarrantable  alterations  of  the  text,  and  other  faults. 
Dr.  Hare,  whom  Bentley  designed  to,  and  did,  anticipate, 
as  editor  to  Pha3drus,  rebuked  him  severely  in  his  Epis- 
tola  Critica.  Passing  over  for  the  moment  a  review  of 
Bentley's  revision  of  Paradise  Lost,  we  briefly  notice  a 
labour  for  which  the  critic  was  much  better  qualified — his 
design  to  restore  the  text  of  Homer  to  the  state  in  which 
it  had  been  left  by  the  ancient  rhapsodists. 

'■Tliis  he  intended  to  effect  principally  l>y  tlie  revival  and  inser- 
tion of  an  old  letter,  originally  the  sixth  of  the  Greek  alphabet. 


which,  as  the  exigencies  of  the  metre  showed,  must  have  been  in 
use  at  the  time  when  the  Hnmerif  pni-ms  were  composed.  This 
letter,  which  is  commonly  c:illi-d  thr  (////(ainHa.  has  a  sii:niticance 
even  for  the  readers  of  our  li_'bti'r  litfrature.  Most  persons  are 
familiar  with  the  lines  which  I'ope.  in  the  fourth  book  of  his  Dua- 
ciad,  puts  into  the  mouth  of  IJeutley  : 

'  Honian  and  (ireek  grammarian,  know  your  better, — 
Author  of  something'  yet  more  preat  than  letter; 
■\Vhil-*  towerini;  o'er  your  alphabet,  like  Saul. 
Stands  our  di^amma,  and  o'ertops  them  all.' 
*' The  last  line  refers  to  the  representation  of  the  di;ramnia  by  a 
capital  F,  in  two  qunl.ilinns  tmni   Homer  wbii'h  appcaieil  in  the 
notes  to  Milton."     .^i-'   ilir  r\.ill,'nt  article  oa  Bentley  in  Itose's 
Bio^.  Diet.;  also  see  ('imniii-ii.nn's  liio-!;.  Hist. 

Bcntley  had  now  reached  the  ripe  age  of  seventy-two, 
when  he  was  arrested  in  his  labours  upon  Homer  by  a 
paralytic  stroke,  which  preceded  his  death  about  three 
years.  The  corrections  in  his  copy  of  the  poet  were  used 
by  Ilcyne  in  his  edition  of  I^omor,  and  many  of  the  emi- 
nent critic's  suggestions  have  been  printed  by  Mr.  Donald- 
son in  the  New  CratyUi.s.  His  last  employment  was  an 
edition  of  Manilius,  pub.  in  1739  by  his  nephew,  Richard 
Bentley.  Wo  made  a  passing  reference  to  our  author's 
proposed  emendations  to  the  text  of  Milton.  For  this 
delicate,  and,  indeed,  supererogatory,  task,  few  men  of 
learning  were  less  qualified.  In  those  most  essential 
points,  a  knowledge  of  the  Italian  and  romantic  writers, 
religious  sensibility,  and  a  fervid  imagination,  he  was  re- 
markably deficient.  Even  the  command  of  Queen  Caro- 
line is  no  excuse  for  such  an  undertaking.  Bentley  should 
have  declined  in  Latin,  and,  if  still  pressed,  expostulated 
in  Greek,  and  the  business  would  have  dropped.  When 
Adam  Smith  remarked  upon  Johnson's  recitation  of  Bent- 
ley's verses  in  Dodsley's  Collection,  that  they  were  "very 
well!  very  well,"  Johnson  replied,  with  his  usual  acute- 
ness,  "Yes,  they  are  very  well,  sir;  but  you  may  ob.serve 
in  what  manner  they  are  well.  They  are  the  forcilde 
verses  of  a  man  of  strong  miud,  but  not  accustomed  to 
write  verse;  for  there  is  some  uncouthness  in  the  expres- 
sion." The  application  to  our  subject  is  obvious.  Fcnton 
had  dropped  a  hint  that  some  apparent  errors  in  Paradise 
Lost  were  probably  occasioned  by  the  carelessness  or  mis- 
apprehension of  the  amanuensis  who  wrote  what  the  bard 
dictated.  This  conjecture  is  adopted  by  Bentley,  and  the 
unlucky  amanuensis  is  not  spared.  We  have  already  far 
exceeded  our  intendcil  limits,  and  can  devote  but  little 
space  to  a  very  amusing  and  very  instruetivo  subject. 
Bentley's  imjirovements  of  Milton  must  be  read  to  be  ap- 
preciated. It  is  possible  that  some  one  of  our  readers  may 
not  have  met  with  the  correction  of  the  grand  line : 
"  No  li.'lit,  but  rather  darkness  visible." 
Bentley  kindly  off^ers  us  the  following: 

■'  Xo  li'j;ht,  but  rather  a  transpicuous  (/I ocrniy 
Which  does  the  reader  prefer  ? 

*•  As  fi'om  the  centre  thrice  to  the  utmost  pole," 
is  "amended"  to 

"  Distance  wliich  to  expiess  all  measure  fails." 
"  Our  torments,  also,  nuiy  in  length  of  time 
Become  our  elements," 
is  changed  to 

"  Then,  as  Htvas  weU  nhseiTed,  our  torments  may 
Become  our  elements." 
See  an  amusing  chapter  upon  thig  subject  in  Disraeli's 
Curiosities  of  Literature.       AVe  subjoin  the  following  epi- 
gram on  Bentley's  editorial  labours: 

"On  Milton's  Kxkci'tioxkr. 
Did  Mir.TON's  Prosf.  0  Cihrlis!  tliy  d.-jith  defend? 
A  fniitius  li"',  uiii'onsridus  provrs  a  fiii-nd: 
On  Mn.iiiN's  VtR-r;  does  Bkmi.kv  icmunent?  know 
A  weak  ofticious  friend  becomes  a  fne. 
AVhile  he  would  seem  his  author's  fame  to  further, 
The  ^IvRTHERous  Critic  has  aven^^ed  Tut  IMurther." 
But  a  warrior  who  had  gained  so  many  battles  on  his 
own  element  could  well  aflord  an  occasional  shipwreck, 
when,  like  Pyrrho,  he  chose 

"  To  sail  upon  a  sea  of  speculation." 
Whether  the  laudation  be  extravagant  or  not,  he  must 
have  great  merits  of  whom  the  critic  dares  to  say 

"  He  stands  undoubtedly  the  very  first  anions  all  the  philoloci- 
cal  critics  of  every  ajre  and  nation,  ju  '  shape  and  pesture  proudly 
pre-eminent.'  No  sinjile  individual  ever  contributed  so  much  to 
the  actual  stores  of  the  learned  world,  or  gave  so  strong  an  im- 
pulse to  the  study  of  the  aucient  classics." — CunninghanVs  Btvg. 
Jlixt. 

With  reference  to  Bentley's  position  as  a  scholar  when 
compared  with  the  classical  "  giants  of  those  days,"  it  will 
be  interesting  to  quote  the  verdicts  of  a  few  others,  tbcra- 
selvcs  more  or  less  imbued  with  that  love  for  the  "  wit  and 
genius  of  the  heathen,"  which  the  great  master  of  Trinity 
acknowledged  had  "beguiled  him." 

Bi.shop  Monk,  his  learned  biographer,  styles  him  "the 
most  celebrated  scholar  of  modern  times." 
Mr.  De  Quincey  makes  an  exception. 

171 


BEN 


BEN 


"  We  should  pronounce  him  the  greatest  of  scholars  were  it  not 
that  ive  rememljer  Salmasius.  Dr.  I'arr  was  in  the  haliit  of  com- 
pariu^'  the  I'halaiis  dissertation  with  that  of  Salmasius  De  Lingua 
llellenistica.  For  our  own  part,  we  have  always  compared  it  wUh 
the  same  writer's  Plinian  Kxcereitationes.  Both  are  among  the 
miracles  of  human  talent,  hut  with  this  dilTerence,  that  the  i-al- 
masian  work  is  crowded  with  errors:  whilst  that  of  Bentley,ni  its 
final  state,  is  absolutely  without  spot  or  blemish,"— iJiucAn'OocTs 
Mag..  1830;  repuh.  in  Philos,  Writers. 

Edward  Everett,  a  ripe  Hellenist,  as  his  call  to  the  Pro- 
fessorship ot"  the  Greek  language  and  literature  in  Har- 
vard College,  before  ho  was  of  age,  may  indicate,  whilst 
allowing  that  "  Richard  Bentley  is  the  greatest  elas.sical 
Bcholar  ever  produced  by  England,"  proceeds  to  remark 
that 

"  Whether  his  name  could  be  safely  placed  above  that  of  Eras- 
mus, Scaliger,  and  llemsterhuys,  not  to  mention  any  of  the  re- 
nowned scholars  of  the  la.st  generation,  may  be  a  question  on 
which  the  learned  of  KnL-land  and  other  countries  miiiht  diner. 
But  this  we  think  may  he  safely  said,  that  if  Bentley,  in  all  other 
things  the  same,  had  passed  his  life  in  the  quiet  of  a  University 
in  Holland  or  Germany;— if  he  had  ledeeuied  to  those  studies  lor 
which  he  was  born,  the  time  and  the  talents  which  he  wasted  in 
the  petty  s(iualibles  of  his  college  mastership,  he  would  unques- 
tionably have  made  himself,  beyond  all  rivalry,  the  most  cele- 
brated 'scholar  of  modern  times,"— JV'ort/i  American  Beview,  vol. 
xliii.  46S.  „       ,  .    ,  ^ 

But  what  Mr.  Everett  is  willing  to  admit  Bentley  migbt 
have  become  under  more  favouralde  circumstances,  Bishop 
Monk  insists  he  really  was;  and  not  satisfied  with  the  eu- 
logy we  have  just  quoted,  he  carries  what  some  will  deem 
extravagance  to  what  many  will  pronounce  absurdity,  by 
declaring  that 

"  Notwithstanding  his  frequent  abuse  of  his  erudition,  such  is 
the  power  of  genius,  and  so  great  the  preponderance  of  his  solid 
and  unshaken  merits,  that  Bentley  has  established  a  school  of 
criticism,  of  which  the  greatest  scholars  since  his  time  have  been 
proud  to  consider  th.-msiMvcs  members;  and,  in  spite  of  the  envy 
and  opiiositinii  of  bis  .■.nitcmp.iraries,  has  attained  a  more  exalted 
reputation  than  has  hilh.rl.i  been  the  lot  of  any  one,  in  the  de- 
partment of  ancient  literature," 

The  biographer's  episcop,-!!  brother.  Bishop  Lowth,  ac- 
cords to  Bentley  no  small  praise  in  declaring  him  to  have 
been  "  the  greatest  critic  and  most  able  graminariau  of  the 
last  age,"  and  Bishop  Marsh,  also,  pronounces  him  to  have 
been  "  the  most  acute  critic  not  only  of  this  nation,  but  of 
all  Europe," 

The  acknowledgments  of  Heyno,  who  enjoyed  the  great 
advantage  of  the  use  of  Bentley's  annotated  Iliad,  when 
preparing  his  own  edition,  are  freely  expressed.  The 
following  "praise"  is  "faint"  to  absurdity  : 

'■  Though  a  daring,  and  sometimes  a  speculative,  emendator,  he 
was.  pei'haps,  one  of  the  first  classical  critics  that  has  yet  appeared 
in  I'tiis  country." — Loii.  Mouthhi  Review,  vol,  cxxii. 

"  One  of  the  tirst,  and  *  perhaps'  only,  not  certainly  even,  one 
of  the  first!" 

This  is  indeed  the  "Nil  admirari"  to  excess!  What 
"Daniel"  have  we  here? 

A  writer  in  the  Lon.  Quarterly  Review  draws  a  com- 
parison between  Bentley  and  Porson  ; 

"  Bentley's  memory,  according  to  his  own  expression,  was  '  none 
of  the  best;'  it  was  the  uupaniUeled  perfection  of  this  faculty  in 
Person  on  which  his  superiority  relied.  It  gave  him  the  complete 
and  instant  command  of  all  his  stores  of  erudition;  ho  could 
bring  to  bear,  at  once,  on  any  question,  every  passage  from  the 
whole  range  of  Greek  literature  which  could  elucidate  it.  [This  is 
hyperbole,  even  to  nonsense;  a  university  full  of  Bentleys  and 
Persons  could  not  perform  such  a  feat.]  lie  could  approximate, 
on  the  instant,  the  slightest  coincidence  in  thought  or  expression, 
and  the  accuracy  was  quite  as  surprising  as  the  extent  of  the  re- 
coiled ion.  In  .-iuother  respect,  no  two  chaiacters  could  be  more 
opposite  than  Bentley  and  Porson :  the  former,  in  his  immeasur- 
able self-confidence,  hold,  adventurous,  decisive;  the  other,  cool, 
sure,  and  cautious.  In  his  scholarship,  (would  that  he  had  been 
under  as  safe  a  guidance  in  all  his  habits !)  Porson  was  singularly 
prudent:  hence,  though  Bentley  is  more  splendidly  and  originally 
right,  Porson  is  more  unerringly  so;  Bentley's  judgments  are 
mOi-e  numerous,  and  on  a  greater  variety,  but  all  are  not  of  equal 
authority,  Por.son's  are  few,  but  none  of  them  have  ever  been 
reversed'.  Bentley's  light  was  thrown  about  with  greater  profu- 
sion on  many  objects;  Person's  was  centered  on  a  few,  but  burned 
more  steadily  on  those.  The  same  prudence  kept  Porson  within 
the  province' in  which  his  strength  I.iy,  that  of  philological  criti- 
cism; he  never  ventured  on  the  more  deb.ateable  ground  of  the 
criticism  of  taste.  In  their  style  there  was  the  same  difference: 
the  careless  copiousness  and  natural  vigour  of  Bentley  was  in  the 
strongest  contrast  to  the  terseness  and  neatness  of  Person's  most 
finished  writing;  and  the  fine  irony  of  the  latter,  of  which  we 
Kive  some  few  examples,  in  the  character  of  Gibbon  for  instance, 
is  the  opposite  extreme  to  the  coarse  vehemence  and  the  broader 
humour  of  Bentley's  controversial  tone." — Vol.  xlvi.  llS. 

As  a  preacher  Bentley  could  not  but  occupy  a  high 
place  in  point  of  depth,  and  the  power  of  exciting  that  in- 
terest which  follows  the  guidance  of  a  great  intellect  in 
the  contemplation  of  the  duties  of  time  and  the  awful  re- 
alities of  eternity.  For  that  style  of  exhortation  which 
aw,akens  the  affections,  tnnl  secures  the  convictions  of  the 
judgment  by  the  impulses  of  the  heart,  the  preacher  was 


iiths   of  revelation   by  the 

by  her  greatest  inter- 

A    sermon   of   Bentley's 


unequal.     He  enforced  the   trutl 

teachings  of  nature,  as  expounded  by  her  greatest  inter- 
preter,  the    inunurtal    Newton.     A 

based  upon  a  thesis  of  Newton's  must  have  been  an  intel- 
lectual gratification  not  unworthy  an  angelic  auditory. 
But  we  fc.ar  that  in  simply  "  vindicating  the  ways  of  (jod 
to  man,"  but  little  would  be  done  to  reconcile  the  heart  of 
man  to  God.     Accurate,  precise,  and  exhaustive   he  could 

not  fail  to  be.  ,        ,      .  v 

"  Bentley  is  a  model,"  says  Bishop  Home,  "  for  polemic  preach- 
ing on  account  of  the  conciseness,  perspicuity,  and  fairness  wilh 
,  hich  objections  are  stated ;  and  the  clear,  full,  and  regular  m-in- 
ner  in  which  they  are  answered."— £ss<i,v.'i  ami  Thmylils. 

'•  Keligion  was  no  less  indebted  to  him  than  learning,  for  m 
lf.ql-£l'2  he  had  the  honour  to  be  selected  as  the  first  person  to 
nreach  at  Bovle's  Lectures,  (founded  by  that  great  and  honourable 
gentleman  to  assert  and  vindicate  the  great  fundamentals  of 
natural  and  revealed  religion,)  upon  which  occasion  he  success- 
fullv  applied  !^ir  Isaac  Newton's  Prio.  ii'ia  -■Hatbcmatica  to  demon- 
strate the  Being  of  God,  and  altogether  sil,  ncl  the  .Mheists  who, 
in  this  country,  have  since  that  time,  lor  the  most  part,  sheltered 
themselves  under  Deism.  In  those  sermons  he  laid  the  basis  and 
found.ation  upon  which  all  the  successors  to  that  worthy  office 
have  since  built.  Though  this  was  a  task  of  gre.it  extent,  and  no 
small  diflicultv.  yet  Mr.  Bentley  [at  this  time  only  30  years  of  age, 
and  in  deacon's  orders]  acquitted  himself  with  so  much  reputa^ 
tion  that  the  trustees  not  only  publicly  thanked  him  for  them, 
but  did  moreover,  by  especial  command  and  desire,  prevail  upon 
him  to  make  the  said  discourses  public,  upon  which  he  gave  to  the 
world  a  volume,  10<J3,  4to,  containing  eight  semions,  which  have 
not  only  undergone  a  number  of  editions,  but  have  been  trans- 
lated abroad  into  several  languages." 

■■  Incomparable,  and  well  calculated  to  give  a  proper  direction  to 
a  young  man's  mind  in  religions  inquiry,  and  to  guard  him  against 
infidelity."— KtTT.  „  ,    . 

■We  advise  all  of  our  readers  to  procure  them ;  and,  in- 
deed the  three  volumes  of  Rev.  Alexander  Dyce's  editions 
of  Bentley's  works,  Lon.,  1836-38.  'We  trust  that  this 
edition  will  ,yet  be  completed.  The  3  vols,  already  pub- 
lished contain:  'Vols.  i.  and  ii..  Dissertations  upon  the  Epis- 
tles of  Phalaris,  Themislocles,  Socrates,  Euripides,  and 
upon  the  Fables  of  jEsop,  and  Epistola  ad  J.  Millium. 
Vol  iii..  Theological  Works,  viz.:  Eight  Sermons  preached 
at  Boyle's  Lecture ;  Four  Letters  from  Sir  Isaac  Newton 
to  Dr.' Bentley;  Throe  Sermons  on  Varic.us  Subjects;  'Visi- 
tation Charge ;  Remarks  upon  a  late  Discourse  of  Free- 
Thinking;  Proposals  for  printing  a  new  edition  of  the 
Greek  l\;stamcnt,  and  St,  Hierom's  Latin  Version;  Ora- 
tiuncula. 


'•  We  are  glad  to  see.  at  last,  the  works  of  the  father  of  (and  also 
the  best  of)  our  critics,  published  collectively,  and  we  are  surprised 
that  it  has  not  been  done  long  ago.  Every  thing  that  Bentley 
wrote  is  excellent  in  its  kind.  No  man  was  ever  so  acute  and  ju- 
dicious in  his  criticism,  so  convincing  and  logical  in  his  arguments, 
with  such  extensive  and  profound  learning,  as  the  vvriter  of  the 
Dissertatirms  on  the  Epistles  of  Phalaris.  We  have  carefully  looked 
through  these  volumes,  and  can  safely  say.  that  Mr.  Dyce  is  a  good 
scholar,  and  a  careful  editor.  Bentley  could  not  have  (alien  into 
better  hands." — Lmiehm  Literary  Giizttle. 

The  Life  of  Bentley  by  Dr.  Monk,  Bishop  of  Gloucester 
and  Bristol,  must  not  "be  overlooked  by  the  reader.  It  was 
first  pub.  in  IS.'lll,  4to,  pp,  668,  Ap.  83,  and  since  in  2  vols. 
8vo.  This  work  has  been  commended  as  a  model  for  works 
of  the  kind.  An  abridgment  of  it  -will  be  found  in  Hartley 
Coleridge's  Biographia  Borealis. 

"Thelifeof  Bentlev.  ini|fflrtiallvan(i  .ablv  developed  by  Dr.  Monk, 
involving  in  great  nu■a^me  Ibc  liOiaiy  aon;,K  of  the  lirst  half  of 
last  century,  and  the  p:nlicobo  bist.uy  ..f  Ibc  Vmversity  of  fam- 
biid'<-e,  was  a  desideratum  which  is  now  sujq.licd  in  the  most  satis- 
factory manner;  and  a  sterling  work  has  been  added  to  the  stores 
of  British  biography." — Ltmdnn  Litrrari/  Ouzitte. 

To  this  inv.aluable  work  should  be  added  The  Corre- 
spondence of  Dr,  Bentley,  edited  by  the  Rev,  Christopher 
Wordsworth,  D.D.,  Canon  of  Westminster,  Lon.,  2  vols. 
8vo,  1842.  The  reader  may  form  some  idea  of  tlie  treasures 
contained  in  these  volumes  from  the  prospectus : 

••This  collection  will  consist  of  published  and  unpublished  let- 
ters arranged  in  chronological  order,  to  and  from  Dr.  Bentley,  from 
the  Bi  ilish  M  useum,  the  Lambeth,  the  Bodleian,  and  Christ  Church 
Libraries-  and  fiom  various  books  and  several  private  sources; 
and  ..v|»  (fcillv  from  tb,.  I.ibrarv  and  ,\r.liiv,  s  ..f  Trinity  College, 
C-i.mbii.k-c  Mb.iicc,  alioing  oth.-r  materials,  :ibciut  a  hundred  in- 
ediled  letters  to  Dr.  Bciitlev  fioui  the  Piiiuipal  Continental  Scholars 
of  the  ISth  century  have  been  supplied,  by  the  permission  of  the 
M.%ster  and  Scholars  of  the  College,  for  this  work." 

It  is  proper  to  say  that  -we  owe  the  description  of  this 
collection  of  correspondence  to  Bentley's  ndmirahlc  biogra- 
pher, Bishop  Mimk.  His  lordship  transferred  the  duty  to 
the  late  Rev,  .1.  Wordsworth,  and  the  brother  of  the  latter 
took  up  the  unfinished  task  as  a  fraternal  legacy.  Dr. 
Wordsworth  takes  occasion  to  enlarge  eloquently  upon  the 
value  of  the  Latin  tongue  as  a  medium  of  interconrse  for 
learned  scholars.  He  takes  Kustcr  severely  to  task  fol 
adding  a  broken  English  P.S.  to  a  Latin  letter.  Dr.  W. 
opposes  such  barbarous  innovations: 
••  When  men  of  learning  have  ceased  to  possess  a  common  Ian 


BEN 

guage,  they  will  soon  forfjet  that  they  have  a  common  country; 
they  will  no  lonf^er  regard  each  other  as  intellectual  compatriots; 
they  will  be  En<;lishmen,  Frenchmen,  Dutchmen,  but  not  scholars." 
The  classical  scholar  will  find  at  the  British  Museum  a 
large  collection  of  tracts  wiittun  by  and  against  Bentley. 
In  Mr.  Richard  Cumberland's  Memoirs  of  his  Own  Life 
will  be  found  many  interesting  particulars  concerning  his 
maternal  grandfather,  our  illustrious  critic.  Mr.  Cumber- 
land tells  us  that  his  mother,  the  great  man's  daughter^ 
expressed  to  him  her  regret  that 

'■  He  had  bestowed  so  great  a  portion  of  his  time  and  talents  upon 
criticism,  instead  of  employing:  them  upon  original  composition. 
He  acknowledged  the  justice  of  her  regret  with  extreme  sensibility, 
and  remained  for  a  considerable  time  thoughtful,  and  seemingly 
embarrassed  by  the  nature  of  her  remark ;  at  last,  recollecting  him- 
self, he  said,  'Child.  I  am  sensible  I  have  not  always  turned  my 
talents  to  the  proper  use  for  which  I  sliould  presume  they  were 
given  to  me;  yet  I  have  done  somnHiin-.'  for  the  honour  of  my  God, 
and  the  edification  of  my  fellow-creatures;  hnt  the  vnt  and  genius 
of  those  okl  heafheiif!  beguiled  me  ;  and  as  I  despaired  of  raising  my- 
self up  to  their  standard  upon  fair  ground,  1  thought  the  only 
chance  I  had  of  looking  over  their  heads  was  to  get  upon  their 
shoulders.' " 

Bentley,  Richard,  d.  1782,  only  son  of  tbe  preced- 
ing, was  a  man  of  considerable  literary  talent.  He  was 
educated  at  Trinity  College.  Cambridge,  resided  for  many 
years  in  the  south  of  France,  and  for  some  time  at  Ted- 
dington,  near  Twickenham,  in  consequence  of  his  intimacy 
with  Horace  Walpole. 

"They  carried  on.  for  a  long  time,  a  sickly  kind  of  friendship, 
which  had  its  hot  fits  and  cold  fits,  was  suspended  and  renewed, 
but  never  totally  broken." — R.  Ci'MBEnLANn;  his  nephew. 

He  was  in  great  favour  with  Lord  Bute,  who  gave  him 
a  place  under  government.  He  was  author  of  Patriotism, 
a  satirical  poem  attacking  Wilkes  and  his  friends,  1765. 
(See  Billy's  Repository,  vol.  iv.)  Poetical  Epistle  to  Lord 
Melbourne.  1763.  {St.  James's  Chronicle  for  April.)  Phi- 
lodamus,  1767.  Tbe  Prophet,  1788.  He  was  employed 
in  the  trans,  of  Hentzer's  Account  of  England.  His  Co- 
medy of  the  Wishes  was  performed  in  1761. 

'■The  turn  of  his  genius  did  not  seem  greatly  adapted  to  dra- 
matic writing,  by  this  specimen." — Bing.  Dramnt. 

Bentley,  Richard,  grandson  of  the  celebrated  Ri- 
chard Bentley,  wrote  Considerations  on  the  State  of  Pub- 
lie  Affairs  at  the  beginning  of  1796,  Lon.,  1796,  8vo:  ditto, 
1798.  pub.  1798,  Svo. 

Bentley,  Thomas,  nephew  of  the  celebrated  Richard 
Bentley.  was  of  Trinity  College,  Cambridge.  He  pub.  in 
1713  an  edition  of  Horace,  which  was  the  text  of  his  un- 
cle's edition,  with  reasons  for  rejecting  the  old,  and  sub- 
stituting the  new.  readings.  In  1718  he  printed  an  edit, 
of  Cicero  de  Finib.  et  Paradoxa;  and  in  1741  an  edit,  of 
CalHmachus,  anon.:  erroneously  attributed  by  Davies  to 
his  uncle. 

Bentley,  William,  1758-1819,  a  minister  in  v^alem, 
Massachusetts,  was  a  native  of  Boston.  He  pub.  some 
Sermons,  Ac,  1790-1807.  and  a  History  of  Salem,  in  the 
6th  vol.  (if  Historical  Collections. 

Bently,  Samnel.  Poems,  Lon.,  1768-74,  Svo. 
Bently,  Thomas.  Monvment  of  Matrones,  contain- 
taining  seuen  seuerall  Lamps  of  Virginitie,  or  distinct 
Treatises ;  whereof  the  first  fiue  concerne  Praier  and  Me- 
ditation, the  other  two  last.  Precepts  and  Examples,  as 
the  woorthie  works,  partlie  of  Men,  partUe  of  AVomen ; 
printed  by  H.  Deuham,  Lon.,  1582,  3  vols.  4to.  Another 
edition  sine  anno.  Each  of  these  Lamps  has  a  distinct 
title-page.  The  first  three  Lamps  form  the  1st  vol.;  the 
ft)nrth  Lamp  alone  the  2d  vol.;  and  the  remaining  three 
Lamps  compose  the  3d  vol.  The  only  perfect  copy  known 
was  sold  (Inglis  Catalogue,  156)  for  £15. 

Bently,  Thomas.  Five  Letters  to  them  that  seek 
Peace  with  God,  1774,  Svo.  Reason  and  Revelation;  or, 
a  Brief  Answer  to  Paine's  Age  of  Reason,  Lon..  1794.  8vo. 
Bently,  William.  Hallifax  and  its  Gibbet-Law  placed 
in  a  true  Light,  &c.,  Lon.,  1708.  Written  by  Dr.  Saml. 
Midgley;  pul>.  after  his  death  by  Bonnet,  who  affixed  his 
name  to  it  as  the  author. 

Bently,  William,  D.D.     Sermons,  1735-38,  Svo. 
Benton,  Clark.     Statement  of  Facts  and  Law,  &c., 
Troy,  1804,  Svo. 

Benton,  Thomas  Hart,  1782-1858,  an  American 
statesman,  born  at  Hillsliorough,  N.  Carolina,  educated  at 
Chapel  Hill  College,  and  removed  in  early  life  to  Ten- 
nessee. In  1815  he  settled  in  St.  Louis  and  devoted  him- 
self to  the  practice  of  the  law.  He  soon  became  a  leading 
politician,  and  for  thirty  years  represented  the  State  of 
Missouri  in  the  Senate  of  the  TJ.  States.  1.  Thirty  Years' 
Viewj  or,  A  History  of  the  Working  of  the  American  Go- 
vernment for  Thirty  Years,  from  1820  to  1850.  Vol.  i.,  N. 
Y.,  1854,  Svo  ;  vol.  ii.,  N.  Y.,  1856,  Svo  :  65,000  vols,  of  this 
work  were  sold  as  soon  as  published. 


BER 

"The  litorary  execution  of  this  work,  the  simplicity  of  its  style^ 
and  the  unexceptionable  taste  which  tempers  all  its  author's  allu- 
sions to  his  contemporaries,  have  been  the  subject  of  universal 
admiration."— W.  C.  Bryant. 

"Mr.  Uenton's  opportunities  as  an  actor  and  eye-witness  give 
him  ^reat  advantages  in  this  species  of  historical  memoir,— for 
such  it  is,  neither  exactly  history  nor  biography.  In  his  preface 
he  quotes  Macaulay,  and  justly  claims  the  prestige  of  his  expe- 
rience in  public  affairs  for  his  work.  If  Gibbon  and  Fox  and 
Mackintosh  wrote  better  for  being  Parliament  men,  Mr.  Benton 
can  set  forth  as  well  for  his  story  the  quorum  magna  purs  fui." — 
O/iurchman. 

2.  Examination  of  the  Bred  Scott  Case,  N.  York,  1857, 
Svo.  3.  An  Abridgment  of  the  Debates  of  Congress  from 
1789  to  1856;  from  Gales  &  Seaton's  Annals  of  Con- 
gress; from  their  Register  of  Debates;  and  from  the 
Official  Reported  Debates  by  John  C.  Rives,  N.  Y.,  15  vols. 
Svo. 

"  In  this  work,  even  at  the  advanced  .ige  of  seventy-six,  his  daily 
labors  were  almost  incroJible:  it  was  liiuilly  completed  duwu  to 
the  conclusion  of  the  great  compromise  debate  of  1850,— upon  his 
very  death-bed,  where  ho  dictated  and  revised  the  final  portions  in 
whispers,  after  he  had  lost  the  ability  to  speak  a.hmd."—Ai)pteton's 
New  Ame.r.  Ci/c. 

"Cul.  Benton's  eminent  talent  and  reputation  as  a  statesman, 
his  ramjliar  acquaintance  with  our  parliamentary  history,  and  bis 
uiitiriii-  imbistry,  are  a  sufficient  guarantee  for  the  faithful  execu- 
tion ut  this  f^reiit  undertakiog." — Hon.  Edward  Everett. 

Benvras,  David,  a  Welsh  poet  of  the  13th  century, 
wrote  Encomium  Leolini  principis  Joroverthi  Filii,  and 
other  poems :  some  of  these  are  preserved  in  the  Hengwrt 
Library. 

Beiiwell,  John*    Con.  to  Phil.  Mag.,  1817. 

Berard,  J.  B.     Con.  to  Nic  Jour.,  1802.  '10,  '12. 

Berard,  Peter.     Trans.  The  Uncle's  Will.  1808,  Svo. 

Berault,  Peter.     Theolog.  works.  Lon.,  1680-1706. 

Berdmore,  Samnel.     Sermons,  1710,  '15,  '16,  '17. 

Berdniore,  Samnel,  D.D.  Specimens  of  Literary 
Resemblance  in  the  Works  of  Pope,  Gray,  and  other  cele- 
brated Writers,  with  Critical  Observations,  in  a  Series  of 
Letters,  1801,  Svo. 

'*  This  volume  contains  a  formidable  attack  on  Dr.  Hurd's  Marka 
of  Imitation,  and  we  believe  that  most  readers  will  deem  it  suo- 
cessful.  ...  In  a  strain  of  lively  and  ingenious  raillery  he  has  de- 
tected the  sources  of  Dr.  Hurd's  explanation  of  Virgil's  invocation 
to  Auiiustus,  in  the  3d  Georgic,  and  he  has  shown  that  the  disco- 
very  of  which  that  learned  critic  assumed  the  merit,  was  nothing 
more  than  an  obvious  interpretation  of  the  poet's  words,  which  had 
been  previously  given  by  diEferent  commentators." — Lon.  Monthly 
lif.  viv  w. 

Berdmore,  Thomas.     Treatise  on  the  Teeth,  Lon., 

1768,  Svo. 

Berdoe,  Marmaduke,  M.D.  Med.  works,  Bath  and 
Lon..  1771-7;'.,  Svo. 

Bere,  Thomas.  Controversy  between  Mrs.  Hannah 
More  and  the  Curate  of  Elagden,  3  pamphlets,  1801-6. 

Berenger,  Richard,  d.  1782,  aged  62,  for  many 
years  Gentleman  of  the  Horse  to  George  IIL,  nephew  of 
Lord  Cobham  and  Lady  Lyttelton,  was  a  gentleman  of 
considerable  literary  talent.  Dr.  Johnson  named  him  ag 
the  standard  of  true  elegance.  He  was  the  author  of  three 
"excellent  papers"  in  The  World,  Nos.  79,  156,  and  202; 
and  some  of  his  poems,  "written  with  great  ease  and  ele- 
gance." are  in  Dodsley's  Collection.  He  pub.,  in  1771, 
The  History  and  Art  of  Horsemanship;  from  the  French 
of  Mons.  Bourgelat,  1754,  4to;  Lon.,  1771,  2  vols.  4to. 

"I  dined  the  other  day  at  Mrs.  Boscawen's,  very  pleasantly, 
for  Berenger  was  there,  and  was  all  himself,  all  chivalry,  blank 
verse,  and  anecdote.  lie  told  us  some  curious  stories  of  Pope,  with 
whom  he  used  to  spend  the  summer  at  his  uncle's,  Lord  Cob- 
ham." — Hannah  More. 

Berens,  Edward.     Theolog.  works,  Lon.,  1822,  etc. 

Bereny.     New  Torch  to  the  Latin  Tongue,  1670,  Svo. 

Beresford.     Marriage  with  Miss  Hamilton,  1782,  Svo. 

Bcresford,  Benj.  Trans,  from  the  German  of  poeti- 
cal pieces,  willi  the  original  Music,  &c..  1797,  <fec. 

Bereslbrd,  James,  1764-1840.  Sermons,  Ac,  Lon., 
1809-15.  The  Miseries  of  Human  Life;  or.  The  Last 
Groans  of  Timothy  Testy  and  Samuel  Sensitive ;  with  a 
few  Supplementary  Sighs  from  Mrs.  Testy,  Ac.,  Loo., 
1806-07.  2  vols.  Svo. 

"A  second  volume  of  Miseries  I  Can  flesh  and  blood  bear  it? 
Ye.s!  gentle  reader,  indeed,  you  must,  and  be  wonderfully  de- 
lighted to  find  that,  by  a  little  cookery  and  contrivance,  a  man 
may  be  brought  to  lau^h  at  himself  for  presuming  to  be  ruffled 
by  the  little  cross  accidents  of  life." — Lon.  Mrmihly  Review. 

This  is  one  of  the  few  books  of  facetiae  which  have  sur- 
vived their  half-century.  The  Groans  of  Timothy  Testy  and 
Samuel  Sensitive  still  excite  the  mirth  of  the  evening  cir- 
cle, and  add — if  not  to  the  "  harmless  gayety  of  nations," 
at  least — to  the  hilarity  of  the  drawing-room.  Besides  a 
number  of  other  productions,  in  addition  to  the  above  cited, 
Mr.  Beresford  was  author  of  Bibliosophia,  or  Book- Wisdom, 
1812,  Svo. 

173 


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BER 


Beresford,  Rt.  Hon.  John.  Speech  on  his  moving 
the  6th  Article  of  the  Union,  in  H.  Commons  in  Ireland, 
1800.  8vo. 

Beresford,  John  George,  Lord  Abp.  of  Armagh. 
Sonnnn  cm  Charity  8<'hools. 

Ber§:,  Josei>h  Frederick,  D.D.,  a  voluminous  con- 
troversial writer,  b.  1S12,  at  Grace  Hill,  island  of  Antigua, 
where  his  parents  were  missionaries  in  the  service  of  the 
Moravian  Church,  came  to  the  United  States  in  1826  and 
was  ordiiinL'd  by  the  Synod  of  the  German  Reinrmed 
Church,  1S;J5;  Pastor  of  German  Kef.  Cb.,  Pbila..  1837- 
52.  1.  Lectures  on  Romanism,  1840,  12mo;  several  eds. 
2.  Synopsis  of  the  Theology  of  Peter  Dens;  trans,  from  the 
Latin,  with  copious  Notes,  1840,  12mo  ;  5  eds.  have  been 
pultlished.  3.  Papal  Rimie,  1841.  4.  Series  of  Pamphlets 
pub.  anon.,  entitled  A  Voice  from  Rome ;  Rome's  Policy 
towards  the  Bible;  The  Pope  and  the  Presbyterians,  1S44: 
many  thousands  sold.  5.  History  of  the  Holy  Robe  of 
Treves.     6.  Oral  Controversy  with  a  Catholic  Priest,  1843. 

7.  Old  Paths ;  or,  A  Sketch  of  tbe  Order  and  Discipline  of 
the  Reformed  Church  before  the  Reformation,  1845.  12mo. 

8.  Plea  for  the  Divine  Law  against  Murder,  1846.  9. 
Mysteries  of  the  Ini:(uisiti(m  and  other  Secret  Societies; 
from  the  French,  Phila.,  1S46,  8vo.  10.  Reply  to  Arch- 
bi>liup  Hugbes  on  the  Doctrines  of  Protestantism,  18o0 ; 
more  than  150. 000  copies  of  this  pamplilct  have  been  cir- 
culated. 11.  Kxpose  of  the  Jesuits.  12.  The  Inquisition. 
l;i.  Church  and  State,  nr  Romish  Influence ;  a  prize  essay 
for  which  $100  was  awarded  by  the  Amer.  Protestant  Ass. 

14.  Farewell  Words  to  tbe  German  Ref.  Ch.,  and  a  Vindi- 
cation  of  the  same,  in   reply   to   Dr.  J.  W.  Nevin,  1852. 

15.  Prophecy  and  the  Times,  1S56,  12mo.  10.  The  Stone 
and  the  Image,  1856,  12mo;  several  edits.  17.  Demons 
and  Guardian  Angels;  being  a  refutation  of  Spiritualism, 
12mo.  IS.  The  Olive-Branch  :  a  Conservative  View  of 
Slavery,  1857.     Many  other  works  and  pamphlets. 

Bei-ger,  J.  F.,  M.D.,  Con.  to  Trans.  Geol.  Soc.,  1806, 
'11,  '14  ;  and  to  Nic.  Jour.,  1807. 

Berlins,  John.  A  Treatise  of  Pacification  between 
the  Dissenting  Churches  of  Christ,  Lon.,  1655,  Svo. 

Beridge,  John.     Sermon,  1662,  4to. 

Berington,  Joseph.  Miscellaneous  Dissertations, 
Historical.  Critical,  and  Moral,  on  the  Origin  and  Anti- 
quity of  Masquerades,  Plays,  &q.,  1751,  Svo. 

Beriugton,  Joseph,  d.  1827,  aged  84,  an  estimable 
clergyman  of  the  Roman  Catholic  Church,  and  educated 
at  the  College  of  St.  Omer,  was  a  native  of  Shropshire. 
He  was  an  object  of  public  interest,  not  only  from  his  lite- 
rary publications,  but  as  an  advocate  for  some  reform.?  in 
the  communion  to  which  he  was  attached.  His  first  work 
was  A  Letter  on  Materialism,  and  Hartley's  Theory  of 
the  Human  Mind,  1776,  8vo,  (anon.,)  followed  in  1779  by 
Immaterialism  Delineated. 

"The  Letters  [of  1776]  now  before  us  are  written  with  the  best 
intention:  they  have  very  considfrable  merit;  and  will  serve,  we 
hope,  as  an  antidote  against  the  prevalence  of  a  theory  which  de- 
grades man  to  a  mere  machine,  and  which,  if  pursued,  must  ter- 
minate in  absolute  Spinozism." — Lmi.  Monthly  lievieiv. 

Letter  to  Dr.  Fordyce,  in  answer  to  his  Sermon  on  the 
delusive  and  persecuting  spirit  of  Popery,  1779,  Svo.  The 
State  and  Behaviour  of  English  Catholics,  from  the  Refor- 
mation till  1780,  with  a  view  of  their  present  Wealth,  Num- 
ber, and  Character,  Ac.,  1780,  8vo.  Address  to  the  Pro- 
testant Dissenters,  who  have  lately  petitioned  for  a  repeal 
of  the  Corporation  and  Test  Acts,  Lon.,  1786,  Svo.  His- 
tory of  the  Lives  of  Abelard  and  Ueloisa,  comprising  a 
period  of  84  years,  from  1079  to  1163;  with  their  genuine 
letters,  from  the  Collection  of  Amboise,  Lon.,  1784,  4to. 

"  A  valuable  and  accurate  work,  composed  from  authentic  ma- 
terials.'"— Lowndes. 

Reflections,  with  an  Exposition  of  Roman  Catholic 
Principles  in  reference  to  God  and  the  Country,  Lou., 
1787,  Svo.  Account  of  the  Present  Stute  of  Roman  Catho- 
lics in  Great  Britain,  Lon.,  1787,  Svo.  On  the  Depravity 
of  the  Nation,  with  a  view  to  the  promotion  of  Sunday- 
schools,  Lon.,  1788,  Svo.  Tbe  Rights  of  Dissenters  from 
the  Established  Church,  in  relation  chiefly  to  Roman 
Catholics,  Lon.,  17S9.  Svo.  Communications"  to  the  Gen- 
tleman's Magazine,  17S7,  &c.  These  were  controversial, 
and  in  opposition  to  tbe  views  of  Bishop  Milner.  The 
bishop  pays  Mr.  B.'s  style  a  high  compliment: 

"^Ir.  J.  IJeringt^n  possesses  an  eiUiveniug  pen,  which  will  not 
suffer  any  suhjot-t  th.it  it  touches  to  languish,  or  crow  insipid. 
Amongst  all  the  pciinas  that  have  been  objected  to  in  his  nume- 
rous composiiions.  on  one  ever  objected  to  a  dull  period."  8ee 
Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  isus,  Pl.  1. 

History  of  the  Reign  of  Henry  XL,  and  of  Richard  and 
John  his  sons,  with  the  events  of  this  period  from  1154  to 


12r0;  in  which  the  character  of  Thomas  ^  Becket  is  vindi- 
cated from  tbe  attacks  of  George,  Lord  Lyttleton,  Birm., 
1790,  4to. 

"This  work  is  distinguished  by  industry  of  investigation,  vigour 
of  conception,  vivacity  and  energy  of  expression,  and,  on  the  fun- 
damental questions  of  civil  polity,  liberality  of  sentiment.  'We 
know  few  writers  more  capable  of  exhibiting  facts  with  lively 
colouring,  or  of  giving  animation  to  his  narrative  by  a  free  use 
of  the  dramatic  style.  The  structure  of  his  periods  is  agreeably 
varied,  and  his  diction  is  elegant." — Lon.  Monthli/  Bivieiv. 

Memoirs  of  George  Panzani,  giving  an  account  of  his 
agency  in  England  in  the  years  1634r-35  and  '86  ;  trans- 
lated from  the  Italian  original,  and  now  first  published, 
etc.,  Lon.,  1793,  Svo.  This  publication  gave  ofi"enee  to 
many  members  of  Mr.  B.'s  Church,  and  the  Rev.  Charles 
Plowden,  a  R.  Catholic  clergyman,  pub.  Remarks  on  Ber- 
ington's  work  in  1784,  in  which  Mr.  P.  questioned  the  au- 
thenticity of  Panzani's  Memoirs.  The  Faith  of  Catholics 
confirmed  by  Scripture,  and  attested  by  the  Fathers  of  the 
first  five  Centuries  of  the  Church,  Lon.,  1813,  Svo.  (In 
conjunction  with  Dr.  Kirk.)  Mr.  Berington  thus  proved 
his  loyalty  to  his  Church,  though  bold  enough  to  condemn 
what  he  esteemed  the  erroneous  views  of  some  of  her  mem- 
bers. An  attempt  to  deceive  the  Italian  populace  by  pre- 
tended miracles,  under  the  French  Invasion,  was  rebuked 
by  our  author  in  his  Examination  of  Events  termed  Mi- 
raculous, as  reported  in  Letters  from  Italy,  Lon.,  1796, 
Svo.  The  work  by  which  Mr.  Berington  is  best  known  is 
his  Literary  History  of  the  Middle  Ages ;  comprehending 
an  Account  of  the  State  Bf  Learning  from  the  Clote  of  the 
Reign  of  Augustus  to  its  Revival  in  the  Fifteenth  Century. 
With  two  Appendices,  1814,  4to.  A  new  edit,  of  this  work, 
with  an  index,  was  pub.  by  D.  Bogue,  Lon.,  1846,  12mo. 

•■  This  book  has  merit.  It  is  a  pleasant  succession  of  notices  on 
the  chief  writers  of  the  Continent,  from  the  tall  of  the  Roman  em- 
pire downwards.  It  is  wiitten  in  a  clear,  popular  manner,  and  it 
is  everywhere  pervaded  by  a  candid  spirit."' — Lomli/n  AUttnteum. 

"  We  cannot  characterize  the  work  before  us  as  very  profound, 
either  in  research  or  in  reflections." — Zoh.  Quar.  Bev. 

Berington,  Simou.  Dissertations  on  the  Mosaical 
Account  of  the  Creation,  Deluge,  Building  of  Babel,  Con- 
fusion of  Tongues,  <fcc..  Lon.,  1750,  Svo. 

'•  The  production  of  a  Homan  Catholic  writer,  displaying  con- 
siderable research,  though  held  in  little  estimation." — Lowmdes. 

"In  these  dissertations,  the  author  combats  Infidels  and  llutch- 
insonians.  La  l*luche  and  Woodward,  and  Sir  Isaac  Newton,  and 
many  authors.  lie  discovers  a  jrood  deal  of  reading,  and  a  great 
respect  for  revelation;  but  advances  many  things  that  are  absurd 
in  philosophy  and  weak  in  reli;:ion." — Ormc's  Bib.  Bibl. 

Berjeu,  John.     Assize  Sermon,  1775,  4to. 

Berkeley,  Edward.  Mt.  Vesuvius ;  Phil.  Trans. 
1707. 

Berkeley,  George,  D.  D.,  1684-1753.  Bishop  of 
Cloyne,  in  Ireland,  was  one  of  the  most  eminent  prelates 
and  distingui.^lied  philosojihers  since  the  Reformation. 
He  was  a  native  of  Kilcrin,  in  the  county  of  Kilkenny, 
and  descended  from  an  English  family  zealously  attached 
to  the  cause  of  Charles  I.  He  was  admitted  of  Trinity 
College,  Dublin,  at  the  age  of  15,  and  became  a  Fellow  in 
1707.  In  this  year  appeared  his  first  publicati(m,  Arith- 
metica  absque  Algebra  aut  Euclide  demonstrata.  This 
book  was  written  before  he  was  twenty. 

'■This  little  piece  is  so  far  curious,  as  it  shews  his  early  and 
strong  jiassiun  fur  the  mathematics,  his  admiration  of  those  great 
names  in  philosophy,  Locke  and  Xewton,  some  of  whose  positions 
he  afterwards  ventured  to  call  in  question,  and  the  commencement 
of  his  application  to  those  more  subtle  metaphysical  studies  to 
which  his  genius  was  particularly  adapted." 

In  1709  be  established  his  reputation  as  a  philosopher 
by  An  E^say  towards  a  New  Theory  of  Vision,  Dub.,  Svo. 

'•The  first  attempt  that  ever  was  made  to  distinguish  the  im- 
mediate and  natiu-al  objects  of  sight,  from  the  conclusions  we  have 
been  accustomed  from  infancy  to  draw  from  them;  a  distinction 
from  whi'h  the  nature  of  vision  hath  received  great  light,  and  by 
which  many  pb.i'uomena  in  optics,  before  looked  upon  as  unac- 
countalili-.  liavi-  bnen  clearly  and  distinctly  resolved.'' — Dr.  RetcCs 
hiquiri/  ))ito  (he  Mind. 

It  will  be  observed  that  this  treatise  was  given  to  the 
world  when  the  philosopher  was  but  25  years  of  age.  In 
1733  he  pub.  A  Vindication  of  this  Theory.  Refer  to 
Bailey's  Review  of  Berkeley's  Theory  of  Vision,  Lon., 
1842.  In  the  next  year,  1710.  he  pub.  his  celebrated 
work,  Tbe  Principles  of  Human  Knowledge,  Dublin.  Svo, 
and  in  1713,  Three  Dialogues  between  Hylas  and  Philo- 
louous,  &c. 

"  The  olyect  of  both  pieces  is  to  prove  that  the  commonly  re- 
ceived notion  of  the  existence  of  matter  is  false;  that  sensible 
material  objects,  as  they  are  called,  are  not  external  to  the  mind, 
but  exist  in  it,  and  are  nothing  more  than  impressions  made  upon 
it  by  the  immidutte  act  of  God.  according  to  certain  rules  termed 
laws  of  nature,  from  which,  in  the  ordinary  course  of  his  govern- 
ment, he  never  deviates;  and  that  the  steady  adherence  of  the 
Supreme  Spirit  to  these  rules  is  what  constitutes  the  realitj-  of 
things  to  his  creatures." 


BER 


BER 


It  will  not  be  expected  that  we  should  enter  here  into  I 
an  extended  examination  of  tbig  theory.     An  isolated  ex-  ' 
ample,  set  up  as  a  target  fur  ridicule  which  all  can  appre- 
ciate and  enjoy,  is  an  easy  mode  of   refutation,  but  not 
very  philosophical.     Lord  liyrun  says 

"  When  Bishnp  Berkeley  pii'VCMl  there  was  no  matter, 
lie  proved  it  was  «o  iwifkr  what  he  said." 
Boswell  tells  us  that  his ''guide,  philosopher,  and  friend," 
referred  to  this  theory  on  several  occasions : 

"After  we  eame  nut  nf  rlmrcli.  we  stood  talking:  for  some  time 
togetheinf  Bi>lii'p  |}i-i  kclcy's  incenious  sophistry  to  prove  the  non- 
existence (tf  matter.  ;ttid  tliut  every  thing  in  the  universe  is  simply 
ideal.  1  ubserved,  that  thouiih  we  were  siitisfied  his  doctrine  is 
not  true,  it  is  impossible  to  refute  it.  I  never  shall  forget  the 
alacrity  with  whirh  Johnson  answered,  striking  his  list  with 
mighty  force  against  a  large  stone,  till  he  rebounded  from  it,  'I 
refut*?  it  thus.''  This  was  a  stout  exemplificatiun  of  thf^  first  truths 
of  Ph?.  Bouffier,  or  the  original  principles  of  lieid  and  of  Beattie; 
without  admitting  which  we  can  no  more  argue  in  metaphysics, 
than  we  can  argue  in  mathematics  without  axioms.  To  me  it  is 
not  conceivable  how  Berkeley  can  >»e  answered  by  pure  reasoning ; 
but  I  know  that  the  nice  and  difficult  task  was  to  have  lieen  un- 
dertaken by  one  of  the  most  luminous  minds  of  the  present  age, 
[Edmund  Burke,]  had  not  politics  '  turned  him  from  calm  philoso- 
phy aside.'  What  an  admirable  display  of  subtlety,  united  with 
briUJance.  might  his  contending  with  Berkeley  have  afforded  us." 
Again : 

"  Being  in  company  with  a  gentleman  who  thought  fit  to  main- 
tain Dr.  Berkeley's  ingenious  philosophy,  that  nothing  exists  but 
as  perceived  by  some  mind  ;  when  the  ^'entle^lan  was  going  away, 
Johnson  said  to  him,  '  Pray,  sir,  dnu't  leave  us ;  for  we  may  per- 
haps forget  to  think  of  you.  and  then  you  will  cease  to  exist.'" 
On  another  occasion,  the  Doctor  remarked: 
"  Berkeley  was  a  profound  scholar,  as  well  as  a  man  of  fine  im- 
agination." 

Undoubtedly  the  latter,  if  his  theory  was  nothing  but  a 
creature  of  his  imagination. 
Dr.  Beattie  remarks  that 

"  If  Berkeley's  argument  be  conclusive,  it  proves  that  to  be  false 
which  every  man  must  necessarily  believe,  every  moment  of  his 
life,  to  be  true,  and  that  to  be  true  which  no  man  since  the  foun- 
dation of  the  world  was  ever  capable  of  believing  for  a  single  mo- 
ment." 

This  is  putting  the  case  strongly.  Berkeley  was  as  well 
aware  of  the  existence  of  stones  and  tables  as  Dr.  Johnson 
was.  Although  he  considered  his  treatises  to  be  contribu- 
tions to  the  cause  of  revealed  truth,  some  have  construed 
them  very  diflcrently. 

"These  works  form  the  best  lessons  of  skepticism  which  are  to 
be  found  among  the  ancient  or  modern  philosophers,  Bayle  not 
excepted." — Bwid  Hume. 

Even  if  this  were  true,  the  evidence  of  Revelation  does 
not  stnnd  or  fall  with  the  hypothesis  of  any  philosopher. 
Dr.  Beattie  also  ohjects  to  the  skeptical  tendency  of  Berke- 
ley's theory.  His  argument  in  favour  of  non-existence 
has  been  reduced  to  this  syllogism: 

Whatever  is  immediately  perceived  by  sense  is  an  idea. 
Sensible  thing.?  are  things  immediately  perceived  by  sense. 
Therefore  sensible  things  are  ideas,  and  consequently  exist 
only  in  the  mind. 
This  syllogism  has  not,  the  reader  will  perceive,  the  im- 
pregna,bility  of  a  mental  Gibraltar.  The  philosopher  was 
not  afraid  to  submit  his  proposition  to  the  scrutiny  of  the 
metaphysicians  and  aavanta  of  the  day.  Mr.  Whiston 
tells  us, 

"  He  published  this  metaphysic  notion,  that  matter  was  not  a 
real  thing;  nay,  that  the  common  opinion  of  its  rra/i7^  was  ground- 
less, if  not  ridiculous.  He  was  pleased  to  send  Dr.  Clarke  and 
myself,  each  of  us,  a  book.  After  we  had  both  perused  it,  I  went 
to  Dr.  Clarke,  and  discoursed  with  him  about  it  to  thisetfect :  that 
I,  being  not  a  metaphysician,  was  not  able  to  answer  Mr.  Berkeley's 
subtile /)reHiw!?,<!.  though  I  did  not  at  all  believe  his  absurd  amdu- 
S107I.  I  therefore  desired  that  he.  who  was  deep  in  such  subtilifies, 
but  did  not  appear  to  believe  Mr.  Berkeley's  conclusions,  would  an- 
swer him:  which  task  he  declined."— ^/-mojV.?  nf  Dr.  Clarle. 

Addison,  many  years  after  this,  brought  Berkeley  and 
Clarke  together,  to  give  them  an  opportunity  of  arguing 
the  matter  out.  The  result  may  be  anticipated.  Berkeley 
"declared  himself  not  well  satisfied  with  the  conduct  of 
his  antagonist  on  the  occasion  ;  who,  though  he  could  not 
answer,  had  not  candour  enough  to  own  himself  convinced ;" 
and  doubtless  Clarke  thought'as  hard  of  the  non-material- 
ist for  not  acknowledging  himself  completely  beaten  out 
of  his  absurd  hypothesis.  We  are  here  reminded  of  a  still 
more  lively  dispute  which  our  philosopher  had  with  the 
celebrated  Father  Malebranche.  Berkeley  travelled  as  tutor 
with  the  son  of  the  Bishop  of  Clogher.  "Resident  for  some 
time  in  Paris,  the  good  tutor,  we  may  presume,  was  tho- 
roughly disgusted  with  the  frivolity  and  absence  of  specu- 
lative disposition  exhibited  by  the  thoughtless  Parisians, 
who  persisted  in  believing  their  eyes,  ami  asserting  the 
positive  existence  of  the  champagne  and  cngniac  which 
they  obstinately  enjoyed,  whilst  Berkeley  held  himself 
ready  to  prove  that  there  was  no  such  thing  as  wine  and 
brandy  In  the  world.     At  last  the  good  man,  eager  for  a 


hearty  round  at  metaphysical  discussion,  bethought  him- 
self of  visiting  the  famous  author  of  the  Search  after 
Truth,  which  Truth  was  exactly  what  Berkeley  was  pre- 
pared to  give  him.     We  are  told  that 

"  lie  found  this  ingenious  father  in  his  cell,  cooking  in  a  small 
pipkin  a  medicine  for  a  disorder  with  which  he  was  (bcii  tinubled, 
— intlammatiou  of  the  lungs.  The  conversation  naturally  turned 
on  our  author's  system,  of  which  the  other  had  received  some 
knowledge  from  a  tmnslation  just  published.  But  the  issue  of 
this  debate  proved  tragical  to  poor  Malebranche.  In  the  heat  of 
disputation  he  raised  his  voice  so  high,  and  gave  way  so  freely  to 
the  natural  impetuosity  of  a  man  of  parts  and  a  Frenchmau,  that 
be  brought  on  himself  a  violent  increase  of  his  disorder,  which, 
carried  him  olf  a  few  days  after." 

Mr.  De  Quincey,  in  his  paper  On  Murder  Considered  as 
One  of  The  Fine  Arts,  gives  the  following  amusing  version 
of  this  celebrated  controversy: 

"  Malebranche,  it  will  give  you  pleasure  to  hear,  was  murdered. 
The  man  who  murdered  him  is  well  known  :  it  was  Bishop  Berke- 
ley. The  story  is  familiar,  though  hitherto  not  put  in  a  proper 
light.  Berkeley  when  a  young  man  went  to  Paris,  and  called  on 
P^re  Malebranche.  He  found  him  in  his  cell  cooking.  Cooks  have 
ever  been  a£/e;/«s  irri^/^i7«;  authors  still  more  so;  Malebranche 
was  both:  a  dispute  arose;  the  old  father,  warm  already,  became 
warmer;  culinary  and  metaphysical  irritation  united  to  derange 
his  liver:  he  took  to  his  bed,  and  died.  iSuch  is  the  common  ver- 
sion of  the  story :  '  So  the  whole  ear  of  Denmark  is  abused.'  The 
tact  is.  that  the  matter  was  hushed  up,  out  of  consideration  for 
Berkeley,  who  (as  Pope  remarked)had'every  virtue  under  heaven:' 
else  it  was  well  known  that  Berkeley,  feeling  himself  nettled  by 
the  waspishness  of  the  old  Frenchman,  squared  at  him ;  a  turn-up 
w.is  the  consequence:  Malebranche  was  tioored  in  the  lirst  round; 
the  conceit  was  wholly  taken  out  of  him;  aud  he  would  perhaps 
have  given  in;  but  Berkeley's  blood  was  now  up,  and  he  insisted 
on  the  old  Frenchman's  retracting  his  doctiine  of  Oc.-asional 
Causes.  The  vanity  of  the  man  was  too  great  for  this,  and  be  fell 
a  sacrifice  to  the  impetuosity  of  Irish  youth,  combined  with  his 
oAvn  absurd  obstinacy." 

In  1712  he  pub.  Three  Sermons  in  favour  of  Passive 
Obedience  and  Non-resistance,  on  Rom.  xiii.  2,  Svo.  3  edi- 
tions. This  doctrine  did  not  recommend  him  to  the  new 
House  of  Hanover  on  the  death  of  Queen  Anne.  In  1713 
he  visited  Lond(m,  where  he  became  acquainted  with  Swift, 
Arbuthnot,  Pope,  Adijison,  and  Steele.  Steele  had  just 
commenced  The  Guardian,  and  secured  Berkeley's  contri- 
butions on  the  easy  terras  of  one  guinea  and  a  dinner  each. 
His  papers  are  in  defence  of  Christianity  against  Collins 
and  some  other  thick-headed  gentlemen  of  the  day.  In 
November,17i;^,he  accompanied  the  Earl  of  Peterborough's 
embassy  to  Sicily  in  the  quality  of  chaplain  and  secretary. 
Whilst  absent  he  hecame  senior  Fellow  of  his  college,  and 
in  1717  was  created  D.D.  by  diplnma.  He  returned  to 
England  in  1714.  and  was  attacked  by  a  fever,  for  which 
Arbuthnot  prescribed : 

"Poor  philosopher  Berkeley  has  now  the  idea  of  health,  which 
was  very  hard  to  produce  in  him;  for  he  had  an  idea  of  a  strange 
fever  on  him  so  strong,  that  it  w.is  very  hard  to  destroy  it  by  pr'o- 
ducing  a  contrary  one." — Arbuthnot  to  Swift. 

Despairing  of  preferment  under  the  new  government, 
he  accepted  an  offer  to  travel  on  the  continent  with  Mr. 
Ashe,  son  of  the  Bishop  of  Clogher.  They  were  absent 
for  four  years,  and  returned  to  London  in  1721.  in  which 
year  he  pub.  An  Essay  towards  preventing  the  Ruin  of 
the  Nation,  in  reference  to  the  wild  speculations  engen- 
dered by  the  South  Sea  Scheme.  In  171S  Mrs.  Vanhom- 
righ  (Swift's  Vanessa)  left  Berkeley,  as  one  of  her  execu- 
tors, the  sura  of  £4000.  and  to  the  other.  Judge  Mnrshall, 
the  same  amount ;  no  doubt  to  the  great  disgust  of  Dean 
Swift.  In  1724  Berkeley  was  promoted  to  the  Deanery  of 
Derry,  with  £1100  per  annum,  and  resigned  his  Fellow- 
ship. In  1725  he  pub.  A  Proposal  for  Converting  the 
savage  Americnns  to  Christianity.  To  effect  this  purpose 
he  was  anxious  to  establish  a  college  in  the  Bermudas, 
and  exerted  himself  with  so  much  diligence,  that  for  this 
object  he  procured  a  parliamentary  grant  of  £10,0110,  and 
several  large  private  subscriptions.  The  queen  offered 
him  an  early  Bishopric  if  he  would  remain  in  England, 
but  Berkeley  declared  that  he  should  prefer  the  headship 
of  St.  Paul's  College  at  Bermudas  to  the  primacy  of  all 
,  England.  A  charter  was  granted  for  the  erection  of  a  col- 
1  lege,  to  consist  of  a  president  and  nine  fellow.^,  who  were 
'  under  the  obligation  to  maintain  and  educate  Indian 
scholars,  at  the  rate  of  £10  per  annum  for  each.  Three 
junior  fellows  of  Trinity  College  agreed  to  accompany 
him.  and  to  relinquish  their  hopes  of  preferment  at  home, 
for  £40  per  annum,  and  the  opportunity  of  extensive  mis- 
sionary usefulness.  Berkeley,  now  in  the  tide  of  apparent 
success,  gave  vent  to  his  feelings  in  the  following  ode: 

"  The  muse, disgusted  at  an  age  and  clime 
Barren  of  every  glorious  theme. 
In  dist.int  lands  now  waits  a  better  time. 
Producing  subjects  worthy  fame. 

175 


BEE 


BER 


In  happy  climes,  where  from  the  genial  sun 

And  virpn  earth  such  scenes  ensue, 
The  force  of  art  by  nature  seems  outdone, 

And  tiincied  beauties  by  the  true, — 
In  happy  climes,  the  seat  of  innocence. 

Where  nature  guides,  and  virtue  rules, 
"Where  men  shall  not  impose  for  truth  and  sense 

The  pedantry  of  courts  and  schools, — 
There  shall  be  sun^  another  golden  age, 

The  rise  of  empire  and  of  arts. 
The  good  and  great  inspiring  epic  rage, 
The  wisest  heads  and  noblest  hearts, 
Not  such  as  Eurfipe  breeds  in  her  decay. 

Such  as  she  bred  when  fresh  and  young, 
"VN'hen  heavenly  flame  did  animate  her  clay, 

By  future  poets  shall  be  sung. 
Westward  the  course  of  empire  takes  its  way; 

The  four  first  acts  already  past. 
A  fifth  shall  close  the  drama  with  the  day: 
Time's  noblest  offspring  is  the  last." 
In  1728  he  married  Anne,  the  eldest  daughter  of  Mr. 
Forster,  speaker  of  the  Irish  House  of  Communs,  and  im- 
mediately after  the  ceremony  he  embarked  for  the  western 
continent. 

Of  the  dean's  arrival  in  Newport,  Khodo  Island,  we 
have  an  account  in  the  New  England  Journal,  which  puh- 
lishes  a  letter  from  a  person  from  Newport: 

"  Yesterday  arrived  here  Dean  Berkeley,  of  Londonderry,  in  a 
pretty  large  ship.  He  is  a  gentleman  of  middle  stature,  of  an 
agreeable,  pleasant,  and  erect  aspect.  He  was  iislim-d  into  the 
town  with  a  great  number  of  gentlemen,  to  wh"iti  In-  l"li;iYed 
himself  after  a  very  complaisant  manner.  'Tis  said  he  proposes 
to  tarry,  with  his  family,  about  three  months." 

In  Peterson's  History  of  Rhode  Island  we  are  told  that 
the  pilot  brought  to  Newport  a  letter  from  Berkeley  to  the 
clergyman,  Mr.  Honyman,  and  a  statement  that  a  great 
dignitary  of  the  Church  of  England,  called  a  Dean,  was 
on  board  the  vessel,  and  that  the  letter  was  handed  to  Mr. 
Honyman.  who  was  in  the  pulpit.  He  read  it  to  the 
audience,  and  as  it  appeared  that  the  dean  might  land 
at  any  moment,  the  congregation  was  dismissed  forthwith, 
and  all,  clergyman,  vestrymen,  wardens,  male  and  female, 
hurried  down  to  the  wharf  to  receive  the  great  man  with 
their  benedictions  and  welcome.  At  Rhode  Island  Berke- 
ley resided  for  nearly  two  years,  preaching  every  Sunday 
at  Newport  when  there,  and  diligently  performing  piastoral 
duty  among  the  people.  He  waited  in  vain  for  a  remit- 
tance of  the  promised  funds  to  establish  his  college  in 
what  might  be  deemed  a  suitable  location,  but  no  money 
came.  At  last  Bishop  Gibson,  at  that  time  Bishop  of 
London,  (in  whose  diocese  all  the  West  Indies  are  in- 
cluded.) called  upon  Sir  Robert  Walpole,  and  begged  to 
know  whether  the  money  would  be  forthcoming  or  not. 
*' If  you  put  this  question  to  me  as  a  minister,"  replied 
Sir  Robert,  "  I  must  and  can  assure  you,  that  the  money 
shall  most  undoubtedly  be  paid  as  soon  as  suits  with  pub- 
lic convenience ;  but  if  you  ask  me  as  a  friend  whether 
Dean  Berkeley  should  continue  in  America,  expecting  the 
payment  of  £10,000,  I  advise  him  by  all  means  to  return 
home  to  E^urope,  and  to  give  up  his  present  expectations." 
The  advice  of  the  miserable  time-server,  the  Great  Cor- 
rupter, was  taken,  and  the  good  dean  returned  home. 
On  the  great  day  of  account  we  would  not  bear  Walpole's 
responsibility  for  worlds  !  To  Yale  College  Berkeley  pre- 
sented 8S0  volumes  ;  to  Harvard  Library  valuable  dona- 
tions of  Greek  and  Latin  Classics,  and  his  AVhitehall  es- 
tate of  100  acres  to  Yale  and  Harvard  Colleges,  for  three 
scholarships  in  Latin  and  Greek.  This  endowment  has 
become  very  valual>Ie.  The  sojourner  at  the  beautiful 
town  of  Newport  will  find  inscribed  on  the  organ  in  the 
venerable  "  Trinity  Church"  the  inscription,  "The  gift  of 
Bishop  Berkeley." 

In  1732  our  author  pub.  A  Sermon  on  John  xviii.  3,  and 
Alciphron,  or  the  Minute  Philosopher,  Lon.,  Svo.  This 
work,  which  is  a  defence  of  religion  agninst  the  systems 
of  the  atheist,  fatalist,  and  skeptic,  in  the  form  of  a  dia- 
logue, on  the  model  of  Plato,  was  written  in  hours  of  lei- 
sure, whilst  at  Newport.  Dr.  Sherlock,  afterwards  Bishop 
of  London,  carried  the  work  to  Queen  Caroline,  whose  ad- 
miration of  the  author  was  still  further  increased,  and  she 
procured  for  him  the  Bishopric  of  Cloyne,  to  which  he  was 
consecrated  in  May,  1734.  The  Earl  of  Chesterfield  ofifered 
him  the  see  of  Cloghcr,  which  was  double  the  value  of 
that  of  Cloyne,  and  fines  to  the  amount  of  £10,000  were 
then  due ;  but  the  bishop  declined  the  profTer,  remarking 
to  Mrs.  Berkeley, 

'■  I  desire  to  add  one  more  to  the  list  of  churchmen  who  are 
evidently  dead  to  ambition  and  avarice." 

lie   had  not  been  long  stationed  at  Cloyne  before  he 
pub.  The  Analyst,  or  a  Discourse  addressed  to  an  Infidel 
176 


Jylathcmatician,  Lon.,  1735,  Svo.     This  was  addressed  to 
Dr.  Halley,  with  a  view  of 

*'  Showing  that  Mysteries  in  Faith  were  unjustly  objected  to  by 
mathematicians,  who  admitted  much  greater  mysteries,  and  even 
falsehoods,  in  science,  of  which  he  endeavoured  to  prove  that  the 
doctrine  of  fluxions  furnished  an  eminent  example."  See  Cun- 
ningham's Iliog.  Diet. ;  Biog.  Brit. 

The  principal  answer  to  the  Analyst  was  supposed  to 
have  been  the  production  of  Dr.  Jurin ;  it  was  entitled 
Philalethes  Cantabrigien.sis ;  the  bishop  answered  this  by 
A  Defence  of  Free-thinking  in  Mathematics,  1735  ;  and 
Philalethes  responded  in  the  Minute  Mathematician,  In 
1735,  also,  appeared  Berkeley's  Querist,  intended  to  stimu- 
late the  Irish  to  develop  the  resources  of  their  own  coun- 
try. His  Discourse  addressed  to  Magistrates,  occasioned 
by  the  enormous  license  and  irreligion  of  the  times,  ap- 
peared in  1736;  Maxims  Concerning  Patriotism  in  1750, 
and  Measure  of  Civil  Submission  in  1784,  (posthumous.) 
We  class  these  tracts  togetlier,  as  they  are  of  the  same 
character.  Having  been  benefited  by  the  use  of  tar-water 
during  an  attack  of  nervous  colic,  his  active  philanthropy 
induced  him  to  give  to  the  world  in  1774,  Siris,  a  Chain 
of  Philosophical  Reflections  and  Inquiries  respecting  the 
virtues  of  Tar-AVater  in  the  Plague,  Svo :  enlarged  and 
improved,  1747,  Svo.  In  French,  Amst,  1745,  12mo.  Far- 
ther Thoughts  on  Tar-Water,  1752,  Svo.  Many  publica- 
tions on  both  sides  of  the  question  followed  the  bishop's 
work.  We  shall  refer  to  it  again  before  we  clo.se  this 
article.  The  good  man's  health  was  now  very  infirm,  and 
he  longed — as  we  all  promise  ourselves  to  do — to  spend 
some  time  in  retirement  from  the  world  before  he  should 
"go  hence  to  be  no  more  seen.'*  With  this  object,  he 
begged  leave  to  resign  his  bishopric,  or  exchange  it  for  a 
canonry  at  Oxford.  The  king  however  declared  that  Dr. 
Berkeley  should  *'die  a  bishop  in  spite  of  himself,"  but  he 
had  full  permission  to  reside  wherever  he  might  think 
proper.  He  accordingly  removed  to  Oxford,  letting  the 
lands  of  liis  demesne  at  a  rental  of  £200,  which  he  di- 
rected to  be  applied  to  the  relief  of  the  poor  during  his 
absence.  He  was  to  return  no  more;  he  "had  finished 
his  course;"  and  only  a  few  months  after  his  arrival  at 
Oxford,  one  Sunday  evening,  whilst  engaged  in  devout 
discourse  with  his  family  on  the  lesson  in  the  Burial  Ser- 
vice, he  was  added  to  the  many  confirmations  of  the  solemn 
declaration,  "  In  the  midst  of  life,  we  are  in  death ;"  and 
without  a  moment's  warning  was  ushered  into  the  awful 
presence  of  the  "Judge  of  all  the  earth."  In  1776  was 
pub.  An  Account  of  his  Life,  with  Notes,  containing  Stric- 
tures upon  his  Works,  Svo.  In  1784,  his  Wlmle  Wui  ks, 
with  an  Account  of  his  life,  and  several  of  hit;  Letters  to 
Thomas  Prior,  Esq.,  Dean  Gervias,  and  Mr.  Pope,  Ac,  by 
T.  Prior,  Esq.,  2  vols.  4to.  There  have  been  two  recent 
edits,  of  his  Works,  one  in  3  vols.  Svo,  and  another  by 
Rev.  G.  N.  Wright,  in  2  vols.  Svo,  pub.  in  1S43.  Mr.  W. 
gives  a  trans,  of  the  Latin  Essays,  [Arithmetica,  Miscel- 
lanea, Mathematica,  and  De  Motu,]  and  notes  on  the  In- 
troduction to  Human  Knowledge. 

The  reader  will  find  in  Phil.  Trans.,  1746,  a  paper  of  the 
bishop's,  On  the  Petrifaction  of  Lough  Neagh  in  Ireland. 
The  character  of  this  exemplary  divine  requires  no 
eulogy  at  our  hands ;  his  contemporaries  so  well  appreci- 
ated his  virtues  whilst  living,  that  extracts  from  their 
commendation  sound  like  transcripts  from  the  monu- 
mental marble. 

"  So  much  understanding,"  says  Bishop  Atterbury,  "  so  much 
innocence,  and  such  humility,  I  did  not  think  had  been  the  por- 
tion of  any  hut  angels,  till  I  saw  this  gentleman." 

"I  went  to  court  to-day,"  writes  Swift  to  Stella,  "on  purpose 
to  present  Mr.  Berkeley,  one  of  your  Fellows  of  Dublin  College,  to 
Lord  Berkeley  of  Stratton.  That  Mr.  Berkeley  is  a  very  ingenious 
man,  and  a  great  philosopher;  and  I  have  mentioned  him  to  all 
the  ministers,  and  have  given  them  sf»me  of  his  writings,  and  I 
will  favour  him  as  much  as  I  can.  This  I  think  I  am  bound  to, 
in  honour  and  conscience,  to  use  all  my  little  credit  towards  help- 
ing forward  men  of  worth  in  the  world." — April  I'J,  1713. 

A  long  and  interesting  letter  of  Swift's  to  Lord  Carteret 
respecting  Berkeley's  Bermudas  project,  will  be  found  in 
Spence's  Anecdotes,  p.  252. 

Lord  Bathurst  told  Dr.  Warton, 

"  That  all  the  members  of  the  Scriblerus  Club  being  met  at  his 
house  at  dinner,  they  agreed  to  rally  Berkeley,  who  was  also  his 
guest,  on  his  scheme  at  Bermud.as.  Berkeley,  having  listened  to 
all  the  lively  things  they  had  to  say.  begged  io  be  heard  in  his 
turn;  and  displayed  his  plan  with  such  an  astonishing  and  ani- 
mated force  of  t-Ioquence  and  enthusiasm,  that  they  were  struck 
dumb,  and  after  some  pause  rose  up  all  together  with  earnestness 
exclaiming,  '  Let  us  all  set  out  with  him  immediately.'  " 

"Tliis  plan,  as  well  as  the  author  of  it.  was  pronounced  to  be 
whimsical  by  the  downright  and  sarcastic  Doctor  Douglass,  in  his 
Historical  and  Political  Summary;  and  he  treats  this  excellent 
man  with  some  degree  of  severity,  and  principally,  I  apprehend, 
because  the  bishop,  in  his  Treatise  on  Tar-Water,  had  ventured 


BER 

without  license  to  enter  the  precincts  of  the  learned  doctor's  pro- 
fession."— Chancellor  Kent. 

His  influence  with  Pope,  who  ascribed  "  To  Berkeley 
every  virtue  under  heaven,"  was  so  great  that  the  eulo- 
gist tolls  us,  ''  In  the  Moral  Poem,  I  had  written  an  ad- 
dress to  our  Saviour,  imitated  from  Lucretius's  compli- 
ment to  Epicurus:  but  omitted  it,  liy  the  advice  of  Dean 
Berkeley." 

"  Deau  Berkeley  used  t-o  apply  Horace's  description  of  the  Fortu- 
nate Island  [Epod.  xvi.  41  to  63]  to  Bermudas,  aud  his  scheme  of 
goini-'  tliilhi  r:  and  was  so  fond  of  this  Epode  on  that  account,  that 
he  j^nf  ,M['.  I'ope  to  translate  it  into  Eiij^Ush,  and  1  have  seen  the 
translation." — R.  A.  in  Spencers  Anecdotes. 

The  influence  of  Berkeley's  writings  in  defence  of  Reve- 
lation was  most  happy : 

"  Alciphron,  or  the  Minute  Philosopher,  written  with  an  inten- 
tion to  expose  the  weakness  of  intidelity  and  skepfici.sm,  is  pii-r- 
haps  the  most  ingenious  and  excellent  performance  of  the  kind  in 
the  Eni^lish  tongue." — BosweU  on  Sttidij. 

This,  like  all  hyperbolical  praise,  is  in  bad  taste.  It  is 
fully  to  say  that  any  one  composition  on  any  subject  is  the 
"  most  ingenious  and  excellent  in  the  lanojuagc ;''  one  may 
as  well  specify,  as  some  thoughtless  people  do,  the  hand- 
somest woman,  or  the  most  polite  man,  or  the  most  erudite 
scholar  ;  such  expressions  of  opinion  are  insulting  to  those 
present,  aud  of  but  little  value  to  the  absent;  for  persons 
whose  good  opinions  are  to  be  coveted  avoid  such  shocking 
absunlities. 

It  has  been  well  said, 

"  In  whatever  estimation  the  philosophical  opinions  of  Bishop 
Berkeley  may  be  held  by  the  raet;i physicians  of  tlie  present  day, 
it  will  be  admitted  by  all  who  are  conversant  with  his  writings, 
that  he  was  a  profound  scholar,  eminently  skilled  in  logic  aud 
physiology,  and  deeply  read  in  th.-  ancient  systt-nis  of  these 
sciences.  He  has  a  higher  claim  than  this  to  the  veneration  of  pos- 
terity, lie  was  a  singularly  good  man,  iu  whom  a  warm  benevo- 
lence to  his  fellow-creatures,  and  a  zrahms  piety  to  God,  were  not 
merely  the  enthusiasms  of  his  heart,  but  the  presiding  rule  of 
his  life." 

Dr.  Drake  is  equally  enthui-^iastic  in  his  admiration  of 
the  good  bishop : 

'■  It  may  be  said  of  Berkeley,  without  exaggeration,  that  in  point 
of  virtue  and  benevolence,  no  one  of  the  sons  of  men  has  exceeded 
him.  Whether  we  consider  his  public  or  his  private  life,  we  pause 
in  admiration  of  efforts  uncommonly  exalted,  disinterested,  and 
pure.  lie  was  alike  an  object  of  enthusiastic  love  and  admiration 
to  extensive  societies  and  to  familiar  friends.  .  .  .  His  knowledge 
was  of  great  compass,  and  extended  to  all  the  usi^ful  arts  and  oc- 
cupations of  life,  of  which  it  has  been  .said,  that  thi're  is  scarcely 
one,  liberal  or  mechanic,  of  which  he  knew  not  more  than  the 
ordinary  practitioner." — Essaj/s,  vol.  iii. ;  and  see  Blackwood's  Me- 
moirs of  the  Com-t  of  Augustus,  vol.  ii. 

Even  when  engaged  upon  objects  not  directly  in  the  line 
of  his  profession,  the  good  bishop  "  each  fond  endear- 
ment tries'*  to  raise  the  minds  of  his  readers  to  the  exalted 
hopes  and  consolations  connected  with  a  brighter  sphere 
and  a  higher  state  of  being.  Dr.  Wartou's  comment  upon 
Siris  is  worth  quoting  iu  this  connexion: 

"Many  a  vulgar  ciilii'  has  sii-nrcil  :it  Berkeley's  Siris,  for  begin- 
ning at  Tar,  and  ending  with  the  Trinity;  incapable  of  observing 
the  great  art  with  wiiich  the  transitions  in  that  book  are  finely 
made,  where  each  paniu'raph  depends  upon  and  arises  out  of  the 
preceding,  and  gradually  and  imperceptibly  leads  on  the  reader 
from  common  objects  to  more  remote, — from  matter  to  spirit, — 
from  earth  to  Heaven." 

A  valuable  Review  of  Siris  will  be  found  in  the  Retro- 
spective Review,  vol.  xi.  239.  Thi.s  periodical,  now,  alas! 
very  scarce  and  expensive,  shoulil  be  purchased  by  the 
lover  of  Old  English  Literature,  whenever  the  chance  may 
present  itself. 

"Tar- Water  rose  into  general  esteem  as  a  medicine,  soon  after 
Berkeley's  book  made  its  appearance.  Its  virtues  as  a  tonic  will 
probably  be  admitted  at  present,  [1S25;1  but  it  was  at  that  time 
considered  by  many  persons,  and  our  author  was  the  most  zealous 
amongst  them,  not  merely  as  a  cure  for  almost  every  disorder  in- 
cident to  the  human  frame,  but  as  a  sure  conservative  of  health, 
and  a  guard  against  infection  and  old  age." — Edros]).  Review. 

For  a  paper  on  Berkeley  and  Idealism,  and  a  notice  of 
Bailey's  Review  of  Berkeley's  Theory  of  Vision,  see  Black- 
wood's Magazine,  vol.  li.  812. 

"The  doctrines  of  Berkeley,  incomplete  as  they  apjiear  when 
viewed  as  the  isolateil  tenets  of  an  individual,  and  short  as  they 
no  doubt  fell,  iu  his  hands,  of  their  proper  and  ultimate  expres- 
sion, acquire  a  fuller  and  profnunder  siijnificance  when  studied  in 
cnnneftion  with  the  speculations  which  have  since  followed  in 
their  train." 

The  value  of  the  commendation  subjoined  is  too  well 
known  to  require  any  thing  but  the  names  of  the  critics : 
'  "  Possessing  a  mind  which,  however  inferior  to  that  of  Locke  in 
depth  of  reflection  and  in  soundness  of  judgment,  was  fully  its 
equal  in  logical  acuteiicss  and  invention,  and  in  learning,  fancy, 
and  taste  far  its  superior.  Berkeley  was  singularly  fittid  to  pro- 
mote that  reunion  of  Philosophy  and  of  the  Fine  Arts  whicli  is  so 
essential  to  the  prosperity  of  both.  .  .  .  With  those  intellectual 
and  moral  endowments,  admired  and  blazoned  as  they  were  by  the 
most  di.stinguisiied  wits  of  his  age,  it  is  not  surprising  that  Berke- 
ley should  have  given  a  popularity  and  fashion  to  "metaphysical 


BER 

pursuits  which  they  had  never  before  acquired  in  England."— 
BuGALD  STEWtUT:  \Rt  Prelim.  Diss,  to  Encyc.  Brit. 

"  Ancient  learning,  exact  science,  polished  society,  modern  lite- 
rature, aud  the  fine  arts,  contributed  to  adorn  and  enrich  the 
niiud  of  this  accomplished  man.  All  his  contemporaries  agreed 
with  the  satirist  in  ascribing 

'  To  Berkeley  every  virtue  under  heaven.' 
Adverse  factions  and  hostile  wits  concurred  only  in  loving,  ad- 
miring, and  contributing  to  advance  him.  The  severe  sense  of 
Swift  endured  his  visions ;  the  modest  Addison  endeavoured  to 
reconcile  Clarke  to  his  ambitious  speculations.  His  charactei-  con- 
verted the  satire  of  I*ope  into  fervid  praise.  Even  the  di.scerning, 
fastidious,  and  turbulent  Atterbury  said,  after  an  interview  with 
him,  '  So  much  understanding,  so  much  knowledge,  so  much  in- 
nocence, and  such  humility.  I  did  not  think  had  been  the  portion 
of  any  but  angels,  till  I  saw  this  gentleman.'  .  .  .  Of  theex'inisit« 
grace  and  beauty  of  his  diction,  no  man  accustomed  to  English 
composition  can  need  to  be  informed.  His  works  are,  beyond  dis- 
pute, the  finest  models  of  philosophical  style  since  Cicero.  Per- 
haps they  surpass  those  of  the  orator,  in  the  wonderful  art  by 
which  the  fullest  light  is  thrown  on  the  most  minute  and  evanes- 
cent parts  of  the  most  subtile  of  human  conceptions.  Perhaps  he 
also  surpassed  Cicero  in  the  charm  of  simplicity." — Sir  Jam£.s 
Mackintosh  ;  'Id  Prdim.  Dissert.  Encf/c.  Brit. 

In  the  life  and  in  the  death  of  Berkeley  and  Swift  there 
was  just  that  contrast  which  aims  so  widely  at  variance 
would  lead  us  to  expect.  The  one  amidst  labours  and 
self-sacrifice  passed  his  days  in  tranquillity,  aud, — his  last 
years  solaced  by 

"  That  which  should  accompany  old  age, 
As  honmir,  love,  obedience,  troops  of  friends" — 
whilst  engaged  in  enforcing  those  truths  which  his  own 
life  had  exemjilified,  exchanged  confiding  hope  for  joyful 
fruition  in  "the  vision  of  the  Almighty."  The  other, 
tempest-driven  by  the  storms  of  passion,  the  victim  of 
blighted  projects  and  disappointed  schemes,  at  war  with 
his  race  and  with  himself,  only  exchanged  insane  ravings 
for  idiotic  imbecility,  ami  sank  into  an  unhonoured  grave, 
a  mournful  beacon  to  all  who  "  set  their  affections  upon 
the  earth,"  aud  content  themselves  with  genius  unsancti- 
fied  by  heavenly  wisdom.  Young  man  !  to  whom  God 
hath  granted  mental  capacity  and  intellectual  wealth,  look 
first  upon  that  [lieture,  then  on  this,  and  .say  which  shall  be 
the  object  of  thy  ambition,  Jonathan  Swift,  or  George 
Berkelkv? 

Berkeley,  George,  1733-1795,  son  of  the  preced- 
ing, was  admitted  of  Christ  Church,  Oxford,  at  the  age  of 
nineteen.  lie  entered  into  holy  orders,  and  held  several 
preferments — Prebendary  of  Canterbury,  Ac, — at  the 
time  of  his  death.  In  1785  he  pub.  two  Sermons  respect- 
ing the  Stuarts  and  their  adherents,  17So-89;  and  a  Ser- 
mon on  Good  Friday,  1787. 

'•  As  an  author  we  readily  allow  that  mi-rit  in  Mr.  Berkeley  to 
which  we  cannot  so  freely  subscribe  when  we  consider  him  as  a 
statesman  or  politician.  This  nation  neuer  did,  and,  we  apprehend, 
jievcr  can,prosjmr  under  the  influence  of  Tory  principles  of  govern- 
ment."— Lon.  Monthly  Eevietv. 

His  widow  pub.  a  volume  of  his  Sermons  in  1799.  This 
lady,  who  was  a  frequent  contributor  to  that  invaluable 
periodical,  the  Gentleman's  Magazine,  also  pub.  in  1797 
a  volume  of  poems  (with  a  preface  of  her  own)  written  by 
her  son,  George  Monck  Berkeley.     {See  below.) 

Berkeley,  Hou.  George  Charles  Grantley 
Fitzhardiiige,  sou  of  the  fifth  Earl  of  Berkeley,  born 
ISnO,  was  M.P.  for  Gloucestershire  West  from  1832  to 
'52.  Author  of  Berkeley  Castle,  a  Novel,  London,  1836, 
3  vol.«.  Svo,  which  was  so  severely  reviewed  by  Dr.  Maginn, 
in  Eraser's  Magazine  for  August,  1836,  that  it  led  to  a 
duel  between  author  and  critic,  in  which  three  shots  were 
exchanged.  Mr.  Grantley  Berkeley  subsequently  pub- 
lished another  novel.  Saudron  Hall,  3  vols.  p.  Svo,  and  a 
pamphlet  upon  Field-Sports  antl  Poaching. 

Berkeley,  George  Monck,  son  of  the  preceding, 
author  of  the  volume  of  Poems  mentioned  above,  made 
some  other  contributions  to  the  cause  of  literature.  In 
1789  he  pub.  Literary  Relics,  containing  original  Letters 
from  King  Charles  II.,  King  James  II.,  the  Queen  of  Bo- 
hemia, Swift,  Berkeley',  Addison,  Steele,  Congreve,  the 
Duke  of  Ormond,  and  Bishop  Rundle ;  to  which  is  pre- 
fixed an  Inquiry  into  the  Life  of  Dean  Swift,  8vo. 

"The  temper  of  mind  with  wliich  Mr.  Berkeley  enters  on  his  in- 
quiry, and  its  unfavourable  tendency  to  prt-ni-'ti'  tiuth.  will  be 
seen  by  every  one  who  attends  to  his  treatnn  iil  nf  hnrJ  l.trrery. 
His  lordship  is  not  only  denied  all  kind  of  literary  merit,  but  his 
name  is  coupled  with  the  most  reproachful  epilhets;  we  read  of 
'  the  yelps  of  Lord  Orrery,'  and  '  the  howl  of  Lord  Orrery  :'  Lord 
Orrery  is  '  a  common  sewer  and  a  monster,'  who,  though  he  had 
not  even  the  courage  of  an  ass  to  insult  the  dying  lion,  yet,  mon- 
ster-like, preyed  upon  the  carcase.*' — Lon.  Monthly  Review. 

Berkeley,  George,  Ear!  of,  d.  1608,  aged  71.  de- 
scended iu  a  direct  line  from  Robert  Fitzharding,  of  the 
royal  house  of  Denmark,  was  noted  for  his  exemplary 
piety  and  conciliating  manners.  From  this  latter  charac- 
teristic AVychcrlcy  was  induced  to  chronicle  him  as  Lord 

177 


BER 


BER 


Plausible,  in  tte  Plain  Dealer.  His  lord.hip  was  author  '  To  sum  up  the  doctor  s  various  characters  he  was,  1.  A 
of  an  excellent  booli  entitled  Historical  ApplieatioDS,  and  Soldier.  2.  A  Doctor  of  Mcdieme  3.  An  Author.  4  A 
occasional  Meditations  upon  several  subjects.  Don.,  1670,  ,  Classical  Scholar.  6  A  Ma  hemat.can  6.  A  Botamst. 
12mo ;  3d  edit.,  16S0.  His  lordship  also  pub.  A  Speech  i  7.  A  Chemist.  8.  A  Pohtical  Economist  9.  A  I>"Plo»a- 
to  the  Levant  Company  at  their  Annual  Election,  1680.  ;  list.  10.  A  Poet.  11  A  Painter  12.  A  Musician  What 
He  gave  to  the  LibiLy  of  Sion  College  a  valuable  collee-  a  hydra-headed  member  ol  society  was  Dn  Berkenhout 
iion^of  books,  formed  by  Sir  Robert  Coke.  |      Berket,   Henry.      Poemata,   1615,  4to.      Privately 

"The  Uistorii-al  Appli.ation  serves  to  confirm  the  account  of  ,  P"^^  ,"-        ,    T^mps      The  Troasurv  of  Drue-s  unlocked, 
his  lordships  aminhl,'  .hanicter  which  was  given  by  Mr.  Fcnton;  1        Berlie,  J.  JameS.     Ihe  treasury  01  Drugs  unioCKea, 
and  though  much  ..iii.hr,!  bv  selected  passages  from  other  wri-  ,  or  a  description  of  all  sorts  ol   Duigs,  Lon.,  IbyU. 
ters,  has  many  valuable  scutimeuts  intermingled  by  the  noble  I       Bernard,  Andrew,  an  Austin  Friar,  born  at  lou- 
moraUst." — rark's  Walpf^^s  R.  d: K.  Authors.  |  Jouse,  was   Pacta   Lanrcuiua   to    Henry  VII.    and    Henry 

Berkeley,  John.     Collectanea   Historica  complexa  ;  VIII.,  historiographer,  and  also  preceptor  in  Grammar,  to 
ipsius  Negotiationem  Anni  1647  cum  Olivario  Cromwel,  I  Prince  Arthur.     He  wrote  some  Latin  pieces,  which  are  in 


Ireton,  et  aliis  Excrcitus  Pra'fectis  pro  Revocatione  Ca- 
roli  I.  in  Regni  Adininistrationem,  Lon.,  1699,  8vo. 

Berkeley,  Joshua,  D.D.  The  DiflEculties  attending 
a  just  Explanation  of  the  Scriptures  considered,  as  they 
have  arisen  from  the  gradual  Progress  of  revealed  Reli- 
gion, through  a  length  of  time;  a  Sermon  on  2  Tim.  ii. 
15,  17S0,  4to.     [Visitation.] 

Berkeley,  Mary,  Countess  Powager  of.  An 
Address  to  the  House  of  Peers  of  the  tliiitcd  Kingdom, 
Lon.,  1811,  8vo.  On  this  claim  a  nuiulior  of  pamphlets 
have  appeared.       See  Lowndes's  Bildiographer's  Manual. 

Berkeley,  Rev.  Thomas.  Wilderness,  or  Prolu- 
sions in  verse,  1811,  12tno. 

Berkeley,  Sir  William,  d.  1677,  for  nearly  40 years 
governor  of  Virginia,  was  the  author  of  A  Discourse  and 
View  of  Virginia,  pp.  12,  1663,  fob;  The  Lost  Lady;  A 
Tragi-Comcdy,  1639;  and  (according  to  the  Biog.  Dramat.) 


MS.  in  the  Cottonian  Libr.ary  ;  among  these  are  an  Address 
to  Henry  VIII.,  a  Chronicle  of  the  Life  and  Achievements 
of  Henry  VII.  to  the  taking  of  Porkin  Warbeck,  and  other 
historical  commentaries  on  the  reign  of  that  king. 

"  I  am  of  opinion  that  it  was  not  customary  for  the  royal  laure- 
ate to  write  in  English,  till  the  reformation  of  religion  bad  begun 
to  diminish  the  veneration  for  the  Latin  language;  or  rather,  tiU 
the  love  of  novelty,  and  a  better  sense  of  things,  had  banished 
the  narrow  pedantries  of  monastic  erudition,  an'd  taught  us  to 
cultivate  our  native  tongue."—  Wm-ton's  Uktory  of  English  BjelTij, 
vol.  ii. 

Bernard,  Charles.    Med.  Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1696. 

Bernard,  Chris.  Letter  to  the  Netherlands,  Oxon., 
1655,  fol. 

Bernard,  Chris.  Present  State  of  Surgery,  Lon., 
1703,  4to. 

Bernard,  Edward,  D.D.,  1638-1696,  an  eminent 
critic,  astronomer,  and  linguist,  was  a  native  of   Korth- 


a  pl.ay  called"  Cordelia,  1662,  not  printed,  ascribed  to  Sir  \  amptonshire.      In    1655    he   was    elected    scholar    of    St 
William  Hartley.     In  Francis  Moryson's  edit,  of  the  Laws  \  John's  College,  Oxford,  of  which  he  was  subsequently  a 


of  Virginia,  Lon.,  1662.  fob,   the  Preface  informs  us  that 
Sir  William  was  the  author  of  the  best  of  them. 
Berkenhead,  Sir  John.     See  Birkenhead. 
Berkenhout,  Mrs.  Ilelina.     The  History  of  Vic- 
toria Mortimer,  Lon.,  1S05,  4  vols.  12mo. 

Berkenhout,  John,  M.D..  b.  about  1730,  d.  1791,  a 
native  of  Leeds,  rose  to  the  rank  of  Captain  iu  the  Prus- 
sian service,  then  studied  medicine,  and  added  the  claims 
of  authorship  and  diplomacy  to  his  other  titles  to  distinc- 
tion. In  1778  he  visited  Philadelphia,  by  order  of  the 
English  government,  to  assist  in  the  negotiations  with  the 
American  Congress.  He  has  been  very  foolishly  compared 
to  the  *'  Admirable  Crichton."  His  merits,  however,  are 
undoubtedly  great.  He  pub.  m.any  professional,  and  other, 
works,  of  which  we  name  a  few  :  Clavis  Anglica  Linguse 
Bolnnicat!  Linniei,  1762,  8vo.  Pharmacopoeia  Medicse, 
1756,  Svo;  3d  edit,  1762,  Outlines  of  the  Natural  His- 
tory of  Great  Britain  and  Ireland :  containing  an  arrange- 
ment of  all  the  animals,  vegetables,  and  fossils,  which 
have  hitherto  been  discovered  in  these  kingdoms,  Lon., 
1767-71,  3  vols.  Svo;  reprinted  together  in  1773;  and  a 
2d  edit,  in  1788,  2  vols,  Svo.  under  the  title  of  A  Synopsis 
of  the  Natural  History  of  Great  Britain,  Ac.  Biographia 
Literaria;  or  a  Biogr.iphical  History  of  Literature,  con- 
taining the  Lives  of  English,  Scotch,  and  Irish,  Authors, 
from  tile  dawn  of  Letters  in  these  kingdoms  to  the  present 
time,  chronologically  and  classically  arranged,  vol.  i., 
Lon.,  1777,  4to ;  this  is  all  that  appeared.  Vol.  i.  com- 
prehends from  the  beginning  of  the  5th  to  the  end  of  the 
16th  century.  Vols.  2d  and  3d  were  to  have  been  de- 
voted to  the  authors  of  the  17th  century,  and  vol.  iv. 
(conclusion)  would  have  taken  in  the  time  from  1700  to 
about  1777. 

"  The  lives  are  very  short,  and  the  author  frequently  introduces 
sentiments  hostile  to  religious  establishments  and  doctrines,  which 
could  not  be  very  acceptal>le  to  English  readers.  The  dates  and 
fects,  however,  are  given  with  great  accuracy :  and  in  many  of  the 
lives  he  profited  by  the  assistance  of  George  Steevens,  Esq.,  the 
celebrated  commentator  on  Sh.akspeare." 

A  new  edit,  of  Campbell's  Lives  of  the  Admirals,  Lon., 
1779,  4to.  Symptomatology,  Lon.,  1781,  8vo.  The  First 
Lines  of  the  Theory  and  Practice  of  Philosophical  Che- 
mistry, Lon.,  1778,  8vo,  dedicated  to  Mr.  Eden,  afterwards 
Lord  Auckland,  wliom  the  doctor  accompanied  to  America. 
Letters  on  Education,  to  his  son  at  Oxford,  1791,  2  vols. 
12mo.  The  doctor  printed  Proposals  for  a  History  of 
Middlesex,  including  London,  4  vols.  fol.  The  design  was 
abandoned,  and  the  Proposals  not  circulated.  The  doctor 
also  pub.  treatises  on  Gout,  1772.  Luculirations  on  Ways 
and  Means.  1780,  and  a  trans,  of  Dr.  Pomme's  Treatise  on 
Hypochondria,  &c.,  iu  1777. 

'■  When  we  rettect  on  the  variety  of  books  th.at  bear  his  name, 
we  cannot  but  ha  surprised  at  the  extent  and  variety  of  the  know- 
ledge they  contain.  .  .  .  .\n  individual  so  universally  informed  as 
Dr.  litTkenhout.  is  an  extraordinary  appearance  in  the  republic  of 
Jatters." — C/ialmers's  Biog.  Diet. 
178 


Fellow.  He  visited  Holland  three  times  in  the  course  of 
his  learned  investigations.  In  the  praiseworthy  effort 
made  at  Oxford  in  1670  to  collect  and  publish  the  works 
of  the  ancient  mathematicians,  Bernard  took  an  active 
part.  He  compiled  a  valuable  synopsis  of  the  authors  se- 
lected for  publication,  which  compilation  will  be  found  in 
Dr.  Thomas  Smith's  Life  of  Bernard.  It  is  to  be  regretted 
that  the  plan  was  not  carried  out  with  the  same  zeal  which 
first  suggested  it.  He  drew  up  a  very  complete  Index  to  the 
Catalogus  Manuscriptorum  Anglia;  et  Hiberniie,  Oxon., 
1697,  fol.  In  this  Index  he  specifies  many  valuable  Greek 
MSS.  in  several  foreign  libraries,  as  well  as  those  at  home. 
In  1673  he  succeeded  Christopher  Wren,  to  whom  he  had 
been  deputy  since  1669,  as  Savilian  Professor  of  Astro- 
nomy at  Oxford.  His  contributions  to  the  works  of  his 
learned  contemporaries  were  numerous.  For  a  list,  see 
Watt's  Bib.  Brit.  Dr.  Smith  mentions  one  admirable  trait 
in  his  character,  which  we  desire  in  our  present  literary 
undertaking  to  profit  by: 

"  He  was  a  candid  judge  of  other  men's  performances;  not  too 
censorious  even  on  trifling  books,  if  they  contained  nothing  con- 
trary to  good  manners,  virtue,  or  religion;  and  to  those  which  dis- 
played wit,  learning,  or  good  sense,  none  gave  more  ready  and 
ample  praise." — Life  of  Bernard. 

We  would  fain  make  our  Index  Expurgatorius  as  small 
as  possible,  yet  at  our  own  hazard  must  we  reniemljer  tho 
motto  of  our  illustrious  predecessors  of  the  Ediulnirgli 
Review — the  only  line  of  Publius  Syrius  according  to  .Syd- 
ney Smith,  with  which  the  critics  were  acquainted; 
"  Jndex  Damnatur  Cum  Nocens  Absoltiti-r." 
Many  books  from  Dr.  Bernard's  Library  were  purchased 
for  the  Bodleian  Library  by  the  agency  of  Humphrey 
Wanley. 

''  The  addition  made  to  the  Bodleian  from  Br.  Bernard's  study 
was  of  the  greatest  importance,  and  contained  many  of  tho  most 
valuable  books,  both  printed  and  MSS..  nowin  the  library."  See 
Wanley's  interesting  memoranda  in  Bliss's  Wood's  Athen.  Oxon., 
vol.  iv.  707. 

"He  was  a  person  admirably  well  read  in  all  kinds  of  ancient 
learning,  in  Astronomy  and  Slatbematics.  a  curious  Critic,  an  ex- 
cellent Grecian.  Latini'st.  Chronologer,  and  Orientalian.'" — Wood. 
Bernard,  Sir  Francis,  Bart.,  d.  1779,  Governor, 
first,  of  New  Jersey,  and  afterwards  of  Massachusetts,  pub. 
Letters  to  tho  Earl  of  Hillsborough,  and  Letters  to  tho 
Ministry,  Lon.,  1769,  Svo.  Select  Letters  on  the  Tr.ado 
and  Government  of  America,  Ac,  1774,  Svo,  Some  of  his 
Greek  and  Latin  Poems  were  pub.  in  the  Pietas  and  Gra- 
tulatio,  Camb..  1761. 

Bernard,  H.  II.  Guide  to  the  Hebrew  Biblical  Stu- 
dent, Lon.,  Svo.  The  Main  Principles  of  the  Creed,  and 
Ethics  of  the  Jews.  Ac,  Camb.,  1832,  Svo, 

"  Besides  communicating  to  the  English  reader  the  sentiments, 
traditions,  and  s.avings  of  the  ancient  r.abbins  quoted  by  Maimo- 
nidcs.  the  volume'will  m.ateriallv  contribute  to  supply  the  Biblical 
sludiMit  with  the  means,  at  present  scarcely  within  his  reach,  of 
acquiring  an  accurate  knowledge  of  rabbinical  Hebrew."— 2furac'« 
hitrodiuAion* 


BER 

See  Brit.Crit.,  April  1833 ;  and  Christian  Remembrancer, 
vol.  xir.,  1832. 

Bernard,  John.  Orntio  de  vera  Anima  Tranniiili- 
tato,  Londini,  156.8,  4to.  Trans,  by  Anth.  Marten,  Lon., 
Io70,  8vo. 

Bernard,  John.  The  Independanfs  Catechism,  Lon., 
1645,  8vo.  ' 

Bernard,  John.     Retrospections  of  the  Stage,  1830 
Bernard,  John   Peter,  a,ssisted   Birch,    Lockman, 
bale,  and  otlier.s  in  the  compilation  of  the  General  Dic- 
tionary, Historical  and  Critical,  [including  Bayle's  1  1734- 
41,  10  vols.  fol.  o       J       tj 

Bernard,  Nathaniel.     Sermon,  O.ion.,  1643   4to 
Bernard,  Nicholas,  D.D.,  d.  1661,  was  educ'ated'at 
the  University  of  Cambri.I-e.     By  the  interest  of  Arch- 
bishop Dsher  he  was  promoted  to  the  De.mery  of  Arila.'h 
A  Sermon  preached  at  the  Burial  of  John  Athcrtc.n    iTist 
Bishop  of  Waterford,  Lon.,   1641,  4to.     The  publication 
ot  this  sermon  gave  much  offence.     The  Whole  Proceed 
i°S°^"V  ^'"'"''  °^  I>roshed,a,   Lon.,  1642,  4to ;   Dubl , 
;/        rpv  ^■•■''0S"°  between  Paul  and  Agrippa,  Lon.,  1642 
4to.     The  Life  and  Death  of  Archbishop  Usher,  in  a  ser- 
mon preached  at  his  Funeral,  Lon.,  1656,  12mo-  after 
wards  enlarged.     The  Judgment  of  Archhp.  Usher  on  the 
Extent  01  Christ  s  Death  and  Satisfaction,  on  the  Sabbath, 
and  Observance  of  the  Lord's  Day,  Lon.,  1657  Rvo      This 
treatise  was  noticed  by  Dr.  Pete;  Heylyn  in   Respondent 
Petrus,  Ac.,  16o8,  4to.     Devotions  of  the  Ancient  Church, 
in  seven  pious  prayers,  Lon.,  1660,  8vo.     Clavi  Trabales, 

?■'.  J??."  °''  *'"'  ^""^  '^""^  "'''er  publications, 
of  thJ"^  ?  "  ^/^.'i"'  ''V.'°e  "'■'">■  <>PP"'-'u"ities  of  takins  notice 
R„'  ,  /  '  r^.'t?  '".""'"^  oflcrninc  and  judgment  of  Mr. 
Bernard,  emplnved  hini  in  makins  rnlLvtions  fir  some  works  he 
Th^'p  v"  j;";:!'"'*'?-'  ""''  ■"•"■'"  P^rti'ol^rl.v  for  the  .Intiquities  n? 
V!^9""m..fl   Brit        '  ■""  °°'  "P'*''"'  '"  P""""^  *"'""'  y^'   ' 

Bernard,  Richard,  b.  1566,  or  1.567,  d.  1641,  an  emi- 
nent Puritan  divine,  was  educated  at  Christ's  College  Cam- 
bridge. Terence's  Comedies  trans,  into  English  1598  4to  • 
often  reprinted;  the  first  trans,  into  English  of  the  whole 
01  lerence.  Plain  Evidence  that  the  Church  of  England 
is  Apostolical,  and  the  separation  schismatical,  leitf,  4to 
A  Key  tor  opening  the  Mysteries  of  the  Revelation  of  St. 
John  Lon.  lb  17,  4to.  The  Fabulous  Foundation  of  the 
Popedom,  showing  that  St.  Peter  was  never  at  Rome,  Oxf., 
1619  4to  Fai  hful  Shepherd,  1607,  4to.  Looke  beyond 
Luther  Lon  1623,  4to.  He  pub.  .several  other  jdeces 
agamst  the  Church  of  Rome.  A  Guide  to  Grand  Jury- 
men with  respect  to  Witches,  Lon.,  1627, 12mo.  This  part 
^M  wTT"'^'  ^'■^■•'""S  t"  Granville,  was  much  infected 
with  Witches.     The  Isle  of  M.an,  or  legal  proceedings  in 

,t,  ?0  h?r1'!""i1^-'?'  \?"-  "'2''  8™-  The'  work  reached 
Hi,  f  P  '"  V'-l",'  .So"*^  -suppose  it  to  have  been  the 
germ  of  Bunyan  s  Pilgrim's  Progress,  and  Holy  War.  Wo 
Bhall  refer  to  this  subject  under  Bunyan.  The  Bible 
Battels,  or  the  Sacred  Art  Military,  Lon.,  1629,  12mo. 
Thesaurus  Bibhcus  sive  Promptuarium  .Sacrum,  Londini, 
4to,  with  portj-ait  by  Hollar,  Lon.,  1661,  fol  ■  enl.ar.'ed 
edit.,  1664.  Ruth's  Recompense,  &c.,  Lon.,  1628,  4to,  and 
other  works.  /  »       >  "■"« 

Bernard,  Samnel,  Jr.  The  Es.sence,  Spiritnalitv, 
and  (glorious  Issue  of  the  Religion  of  Christ;  to  all  God's 
chosen  exhibited  m  Remarks  on  the  '•  Verily,  Verilv  "  as 
"'n  Jiir/i  "PK  '°  "^"-^  P"'^  "f  S"!ptare,  1807.  12mo. 
Bernard,  Jhos.  Advantagesof  Learning,  1736  8vo 
Bernard,  S.rThomas,1750-]SlS,  son  of  Sir  Frauds 
Bernard  (see  a,„e,)  was  educated  at  Harvard  College,  New 

fnt^Je,"il  <■"  ''T"-"'  f"'.'^  ft'- years  as  conveyancer, 
of  be  n?hr  '^"'Z '"'''"'''■  ''"■""^''  ^''  "f"  '"  the  benefi 
of  the  public  The  improvement  of  the  physical  and  reli- 
gious condition  of  the  poor,  and  the  literary  and  scientific 
advancement  of  the  wealthier  classes  of  society  e,,  .ally  en! 
listed  the  ^eal  .and  called  forth  the  energies  of  hi.  mdv 
amiable  man.     The  chimney-sweeper  of  St.  Giles  fel      he 

S"  Hrnhfv'-D""^"  °'  ^'^  ^-«™'-'  interposTtion  a'nd 
tl  e  Bn^Ji  7  .."•!?  won  undying  laurels  on  the  stage  of 
the  Royal  Institution,  which  Sir  Francis  Bernard  con- 
tributed to  found.  The  Free  Chapel  in  St.  ffiles  L 
British  Institution,  and  the  Hospital  for  Foundling  bea? 
tTinlw'l  ',?.'"?  P''"''°«bropy  of  a  man  who  ha'd'prac- 

lelf"^  In  the  e^",  r1™  ""'';  '"'■"'  °f  "^  '""^'h  t»  him- 
bJd  th.  !  •  ^t'lWishment  of  the  Royal  Institution,  he 
had  the  active  co-operation  of  Count  Rumford.      See  an 

in  DTbd'in?  B™""  ■  "^  '^^  ^'''  ^''""''  ^'  'I'i^  Institution" 
in  Dibdm  s  Reminiscences,  vol.  i. 

Sir  Thomas  pub.  a  number  of  w'orks  on  the  obiects  which 

to 'ZT-t,  ".""■?  \™rs  ""'"''  "<=  Observations  relating 
to  the  Liberty  of  the  Press,  Lon.,  1793,  8to.    Letter  tS 


BER 


■the  Lord  Bishop  of  Durham  on  the  Measures  under  consi- 
''"';'"'™  °/  P""™ent  for  promoting  Industry  and  the 
Relief  of  the  Poor,  1807,  8vo.  The  New  School;  beins 
an  attempt  to  illustrate  its  Principles  and  Advantages,  3d 
edit.,  1810,  8vo.  The  Barrington  School :  being  an  Illus- 
tration of  the  Principles,  Practices,  and  Effects  of  the  Svs 
torn  of  Instruction,  in  facilitating  the  Religi,>us  and  Moral 
Instruction  of  the  Poor,  1812,  8vo.  An  Account  of  the 
supply  of  Fish  for  the  Manufacturing  Poor,  ISl'i  8vo 
On  the  Supply  of  Employment  and  Subsistence  for  the 
Labouring  Classes  in  Fisheries,  Manufactures,  and  Culti- 
vation of  Waste  Land,  Ac,  1816.  This  good  man  also 
wrote  Spurinua,  or  the  Comforts  of  Old  Age;  with  Notes 
and  Biographical  Illustrations,  1816,  8vo.  The  author  had 
I  taken  the  most  certain  means  of  securing  the  Comforts  of 
(|ld  Age  by  devoting  his  days  of  strength  and  activity  to 
the  g„od  of  his  fellow-man,  and  the  honour  of  his  God 
■  !u  '""/'.ew  of  inducing  others  to  seek  true  happiness 
in  the  unfailing  source  from  which  he  had  long  dr.awn  his 
own  consolations,  he  pub.  in  1806,  An  Historical  View  of 
Christianity,  containing  Select  Pass.ages  from  Scripture 
with  a  Commentary  by  Edward  Gibbon,  Esq.,  and  Notes 
by  Lord  \  iscount  Bolingbroke,  M.  de  Voltaire,  and  others. 

rrm-e  tl"  Tk'"",-"^."''',''^."'"'  "f  **■'"  '^'"B"'"  puMication  is  to 
u.  bftl  authentieity  of  Divine  revelation  from  the  testimony  of 
ts  bitterest  enemies  It  is  a  very  insenious  method  of  turninR 
the  weapons  of  unl.ehevers  against  themselves."— Lowndes 

He  was  connected  with  Dr.  Dibdin  in  the  publication  of 

the  Director,  2  vols.,  1 807,  8vo,  a  weekly  periodical,  in  which 

i       jW  "L       I-e^'ufes  delivered  at  the  Royal  Institution, 

I  and  the  Pictures  exhibited  at  the  Bristol  Gallery,  occupy 

a  prominent  place      His  friend  and  coadjutor  bears  tesU- 

"°°y  »°  ">«  "cellenee  of  the  subject  of  our  memoir. 

Sir  Ihomas  Bernard  did  much  and  great  good  as  a  philanthro- 
firr;„'  ;>,■•  ,  "■f'V'*  to  devot*  the  approaching  autumn  of  his 
hfe  to  objects  of  real  practical  utility,  and  he  made  Bettfrino  the 
CONDITION  of  TUE  Poor  one  of  those  most  essential  ol™  How 
ard  explored  dungenns.  Sir  Thomas  visited  drawing-rooms  to  lav 

obWt"°In";ho°"t'b'""'°?  *"■""'  ^"PP"'^  °f  l"^  avowrfiilin^ 
^H.  ,,■„.,  i,--*'i'"™''°'™™  ™'''y  "'«■'«!<•  to  have  become /■7.,;,io^ 
ahlt  under  his  intluencc.     Great  efforts,  on  all  sides,  were  m.^ 

™?SuaN  wr,b  ';:'-^''"''^'"™«f  ™t  °f  ""mber  sprung  up  to  "  lesi 
m.2^!^TjCr'y,,nJ^Z',T''  '"  satisfy  our  poor  with  bread.''- 

Bernard,  n'iUiam  Bayle,  b.  1808,  at  Boston:  he 
prepared  for  the  press  his  father's  '•  Recollections  of  the 
Stage,  and  was  the  author  of  many  popular  plays,  the 
best-known  of  which  are:  The  Nervous  Man  and  the  Man 
of  Nerve;  Irish  Attorney;    The  Mummy;   His  Last  Legs; 

p.™'' /^'*l'<^''  ,™e  Boarding-school;    Round  of   Wrong 
Life  s  Trials.  &c.  °' 

Bernardi,  Major  John,  1657-1736.  an  English  offi- 
cer descended  from  an  ancient  family  which  had  fiourisbed 
at  Lucca.  Italy  from  the  year  1097,  was  a  zealous  adhe- 
rent of  James  IL  In  1696  ho  was  imprisoned  as  accom- 
plice m  the  plot  for  assassinating  King  William.  There 
was  no  jproof  against  him,  yet  six  successive  parliaments 
(under  four  sovereigns)  pa.ssed  acts  to  detain  him  and  five 
others  m  prison  He  died  in  Newgate,  after  a  confine- 
ment of  neariy  forty  years.  He  wrote  an  account  of  his 
Life.  Lon..  1729.  8vo.      .See  Biog.  Brit 

Bernays,  Leopold  J.  Goethe's  Faust,  part  ii.  A 
trans.,  partly  in  the  Metres  of  the  Original,  and  partly  in 
de''m°'8vo  "'  "^  *^""="'^'"  ^'^"^'i  '-'*  other  Poems, 

'•  Mr.  Bernays.  an  idoUter  of  the  poet,  has  rendered  his  extraor- 
dmary  production  partly  into  prose^and  partly  info  the  orighS 
metres;  in  both  he  has  displayed  a  knowledge  of  hs  priming 
and  a  command  of  the  two  lanBuages."_i„„.  Literati  (Se 
a,„,i)^;«^™Z™r'  ^"■"'  ^""'  '"^  "'='"^'"  tia-'nslation."- 
Berners,  John  Bonrchier,  Lord,  d.  1532,  aged 
63,  a  descendant  of  Edward  IIL,  Chancellor  of  the  Ex- 
chequer under  Henry  VIII.,  and  Deputy-General  of  Calais 
and  Its  Marches,  is  best  known  .as  a  translator  of  the 
grand  old  Chronicle  of  Froissart.  Froissart,  a  canon  of 
wo  churches,  was  a  resident  of  England,  as  Secretary  to 
the  Queen  of  Edward  IIL.  from  1361  to  1366  In  1395 
he  paid  another  visit  to  England.  His  Chronicle— which 
is  one  of  the  most  enchanting  pictures  or  picture-galleries 
ever  devised  by  the  wit  and  drawn  by  the  pen  of  man 
—depicts  the  campaign  of  Edward  III.  upon  the  Conti- 
nent, and  contemporaneous  events  in  the  princip.al  conn- 
tries  of  Europe.  In  the  formation  of  his  history  Froissart 
employed  40  years.  That  amiable  enthusiast.  Dr.  Dibdin 
thus  commends  this  author:  ' 

■■  Let  mc  press  strongly  on  the  '  Young  Man's'  attention  tho 
importance,  the  mstruction.  and  the  never-failing  source  of  amus^ 
♦  •'■  "'  ^'^'"^^"'y-  -"-hich  has  alike  endeared  the  author  t^"ht 
antiquary,  the  man  of  taste,  and  even  to  the  lover  of  romantic 
lore.  The  pages  of  Froiss.irt  exhibit  a  perfectly  natural  and  ulea^ 
ing  picture.    Conversations,  skkmishes,  battle^the  couXy  tht 

179 


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lown-scenes  within  the  tent,  the  palace.  orthechiirch-thequiet-| 
of  oastoral  occupations,  or  the  tumult  of  a  popular  assembly—  i 
?heM!and  every  thing  which  he  touches,  are  hit  off  ma  manner 
the  most  simple  and  striking  imaginable;  and  ?fvere  indeed  must 
he  that  taste,  and  fastidious  that  feeling,  which  shall  deny  to  the  , 
pages  of  this  historian  the  merit  of  great  ",  <='-^< 'nff  bandit 
aooarent  fidelity.    His  episodes  are  occasionally  delightful,  and  it 
fs  evident  that  he  was  fond  of  them.     Ue  has  also  a  peculiar  art 
u  suspending  the  main  narrative,  (when  the  interest  .^  l.e™i^"?S 
more  and  more  intense,)  by  the  relation  of  a  number  of  little  cir^ 
"umstances  which  only  makes  us  return  to  it  wMth  a  keener  appe- 
tit"  It  cannot  be  denied  that  Froissart  has  admirably  de- 

scribed the  campaigns  of  our  Edward  upon  the  Continent,  when 
the  British  arms  were  covered  with  glory,  when  a  spiiit  of  chi 
*hf,  amounting  to  the  romantic,  stirred  eve,7  ''^''^^'•••'■f '!:;"'^:J 
everv  arm  The  splendours  of  Cressy  and  Poictiers  are  but  slisWly 
Sd™  at  all'  by  the  achievements  of  Aginconrt  and  W  aterloo." 

-^"ur,2T:'rT..i  Froissartr-'No,'  was  Morton's  answer 
■I  have  h  Ufa  "'ind.' said  Claverhouse,  '  to  contrive  you  should 
have  sU  n  onths"  mprlsonment,  in  order  to  procure  you  that  plea- 
™re  His  chapters  inspire  me  with  more  enthusiasm  than  poetry 
itself.'"— OW  Mm-Uditl) 


As  the  name  of  Monstrclet  is  closely  associated  with 
Froissart,  wo  may  mention  that  the  history  of  the  former, 
the  Chronicles  of  France  and  England,  comprehencls  the 
period  from  1400  to  1467,  continued  by  others  to  1616. 
[see  notice  of  the  translations  of  Froissart  and  Monstrclet, 
by  Colonel  Thomas  Johnes,  under  his  name.)  Lord  Ber- 
ners's  translation  of  Froissarfs  Chronicles,  made  by  com- 
mand of  Henry  VIII.,  has  been  highly  commended. 

"A  soldier  a  statesman,  and  a  scholar,  this  nobleman  was  sm- 
..nlarlv  well  adapted  for  the  tosk  which  he  undertook.  Indeed, 
?o^sM^e,rng  the  pStd  of  its  completion,  it  was  a  sort  of  hterary 
miracle.-— DiBDiN  :  iita-ary  ComiKnjion. 

In  correctness,  as  well  as  in  other  valuab  e  qualities, 
Lord  Berners's  translation  has  been  considered  superior  to 
that  of  C.°1™';1  Jf^f/i^-^f  y,  „,M„al.  Lord  Berners's  transla- 

Si-t  SiSrivTiT^LS fib  '^^J 

a  tT.aSion;'-From  tU  reprint  of  PymmS  Ut  edU.  oj  1523--5 . 

E.  V.  UTTERSON.  .         T  -no     OK 

Lord  Berners's  translation  first  appeared  in  \b2i-Zb, 
printed  by  Pynson  in  two  folio  volumes.  A  per  ect  copy 
of  this  edition  is  very  rarely  to  be  found  :  so  d  at  the  Rox- 
burohe  sale,  7988,  for  £63.  The  latter  portion  of  the  se- 
coi'd  volume  is  sometimes  "made  up"  from  the  reprint  by 

^'i'il^^C'^'ie^rint  of  1812,  4to,  two  vols,  [by  E.  V.  Utte. 
son  1  mlv  rest  perfectly  satisfied  that  he  has  the  text  of  Lord  Iler- 
ne^-s  a"  CO  rectly  given  as  in  the  first  edition  by  Pynson,  with  .a 
ereatnumbe?  of  proper  names,  in  places  and  persons  corrected 
fnto  the  bargain.  If,  however,  the  -Young  Man'  sigh,  and  sigh 
deepll  for  he  oik-bounden  impression  of  Pynson.  he  must  pur- 
chase it-but  with  caution  and  previous  collation.  -DlBDl.v. 

Wo  give  a  list  of  translations  by  Lord  Bernors.  The 
reader  will  notice  the  variable  orthography  of  the  name 
and  title  of  the  knight;  of  those  cited  no  two  are  altoge- 
ther alike.  1.  The  Chronicles  of  Englande,  Frannce 
Snnyne,  Portyngale,  Scotlande,  Bretayne  Flaunders,  and 
lllr  Places  adionynge,  traslated  out  of  Frenche  intoour 
matcrnall  Englysshe  Tonge,  by  JoA.-ii  *""■''""•  ^" '></'"• 
Xo.rfe  Bcrn.rs.  London,  by  Richard  Pynson  lo23-2o 
Made,  as  we  have  stated  above,  by  command  of  Henry 

2  The  Hystory  of  the  moost  noble  and  valyaunt  knyght 
Arthur  of  lytell  brytayne,  translated  out  of  frensshe  in  to 
englisshe  by  the  noble  Mum  bonrycher  knyght  lorde  Bm - 
lc%  newly "cmprynted.  This  was  printed  by  Redborne 
.'  In  the  class  if  romances  of  chivalry  we  have  several  transl^ 
tions  in  the  black  letter;  such  are  the  Mort  d'Arthur,  Huon  of 
Bordeaux  etc  The  best  translations,  now  very  rare  and  high 
Priced  S  tho^e  of  Lord  Berners,  the  admirable  translator  of  Frois- 
Lrt  in  the  reicn  of  llenrv  8;  and  not  the  least  of  his  men  s  is 
now  !te  genuVne  antique  ksi  of  his  style.»-««.0«i,«  of  LUcra- 

"""'sce  copious  notices  of  the  translation  of  Arthur  in  the 
British  Bibliographer,  iv.,  228,  and  in  Dil»l>n  «  Ames,  iv., 
TlO       There  las  a  new  edition  by  E.  V   Utterson,  pub 
Lon.,  1814,  4to;  with  a  series  of  plates  from  illummatcd 

3.  The'Famons  E..cploits  of  Huon  do  Bourdeanx  trans 
ty  Sir  Join  BourM.r,  Lord  Bernrrs  Lon  1601,  4to  ;  ..d 
edit.     Done  at  the   desire  of   the  Earl  of  Huntingdon. 

'''"4°The^golden  Boke  of  Marcus  Aurelins,  Emperour  and 
Oratour,  translated  out  of  Frenehe  into  Englisho  by  Jo/>n 
BourcJner,  Knmhte,  Lordc  Earners.  London  in  the  House 
of  Tho.  Bertlielet,  (1534,)  16mo.  Thirteen  editions  be- 
tween 1534  and  1587  !  Undertaken  at  the  desire  ol  his 
ucphew,  Sir  Francis  Bryan.  ,     .   , 

6.  The  Castle  of  Lone,  translated  out  of  Spaynyshe  into 
180 


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Eoglvsbe  by  Join  Bowrehier  Kmjghl  Lord  Berners  Impr. 
bv  me  Robert  Wyer,  8vo.  Dedicated  to  the  lady  of  Sir 
Nicholas  Carew,  at  whose  desire  he  translated  it  trom  the 

^Telto  composed  a  book  entitled  Of  the  Duties  of  the 
Inhabitants  of  Calais,  and  a  Comedy  called  It*  in  Vineam, 
which  was  usually  acted  in  the  great  Church  at  Calais 

''""evera'iwters  by  Lord  Berners  occur  in  the  Bri«sh  Museum 
roTTON  Call".  D.  ix..  Vesp.  C.  i.  and  ¥.  xin.,  U.iai..,  295.  In  \  e^ 
pasta  &L,  147,  is  an  original  dispatch  from  lord  Berners  and 
John  kite  to  king  Ilenrv  the  Eighth,  giving  an  account  of  their 
;^oterv^wwi?h  Charles,  king  of  Castile  and  Arragon,  This  is  very 
curious,  and  has  been  reprinted  in  Utterson's  edition  of  Froissart, 
i^re&cev  V2"—Xotcin  Bliss's  Woxl-sAthen.Oxm 

•^  "  LordBerners was  instructed  in  several  sorts  of  learning 

in  tW°  unive?sTty  in  the  latter  end  of  K.  Edw.  4:  in  whose  reign 
^nd  befcre  were  the  sons  of  divers  of  the  English  nobil.y  edu- 
cated inlciScal  literature  in  Baliol  Coll.,  wherein  as  tis  pro- 
table  this  our  author  was  instructed  also.     After  he  had  left  the 

Xtm  de^him  first  knVn  to. hwori^^^^^^^^^ 

rhe\rruftl»n;?aef»(blacUsmith,abo^^^^ 

'''.^^:!jgnl"^eTafS]".o'lie?"r^p;;^7hormeiI.V^^^^ 
been  a  fl^'traveller  and  great  linguist,  he  translated  ^any  books 
out  of  French,  Spanish,  and  It.alian.  besides  some  of  his  own 
™ak°nK  [Bale  de  Scriptoribus  Britannicis  Cent  vii..  nuni ..,  and 
wis  in  anno  1M2.]  1  behold  his  as  the  second  (accounting  the 
ford'Tiptof^the  flrsi)  noble  hand.  wMch  since  the  decay  ^jearn- 
in»  tnokanen  therein,  to  be  authorof  a  book,  —fuller's  n/Mliiici,. 
f-But  I  have  shown  that  Lord  Berners  was  but^the  fifth  wiit«r 
I  among  the  nobUity,  in  order  of  time."- Tn<!i)o!e'.  Jtoyal  and  Aobh 

'  ■''"in'tbis  work  is  a  long  extract  from  Lord  Berners's  epis- 
tle dedicatory  of  the  Castle  of  Love,  to  Lady  Carew.  Wo 
give  a  short  specimen,  which  is  curious  as  exhibiting  tho 
ortho^raphv  of  the  day  : 
"  To^the  pood  and  vertuons  lady ;  the  lady  Carewe  gretyn^e. 
"The  affecciant  desyre  and  obligation  that  I  am  bounds  m  to- 
warls  you!  rvt-hte  vertuons  and  good  lady,  as  well  for  the  good- 
less  that  i"  hath  pleased  vou  to  shewe  me,  as  for  the  nyreness  of 
Mnsanguini";  hath  encoraged  me  to  accomplyshe  your  desyre 
In  translating  this  present  booke.  And  though  my  so  doynge  can 
notbe°co„es'pondeSt  anything  to  recompense  y°7 XchT^thls 
not  being  i.'noraunt  of  your  goodwd  and  desyre.  the  w  hich  in  this 
Luse  I  take  for  the  hole  effecte;  thinking  thereby  to  do  you  some 
3e  rememoiacion,  and  also  bycause  the  matter  is  very  pleasant 
lOT,ong?l™hes.and  gentlewomen:  therefore  I  have^ enterpeysed 
toridu?e  the  Lme  from  Spanishe  into  the  Englyshe  tonge  not 
adorned  with  so  freshe  eloquence  that  it  should  mer.te  to  be  pr.^ 
sented  to  your  goodnes."  i„„iiooo   ;.  h» 

Berners,  or  Barnes,  Juliana,  b.  about  loSS,  is  be- 
lieved to  have  been  the  daughter  of  Sir  James  Berners,  a 
favourite  of  Richard  the  Second,  and  beheaded  in  1388  as 
an  evil  counsellor  to  the  king,  and  an  enemy  to  the  public 
Juliana  was  celebrated  for  her  extreme  beauty  and  great 
learning.  She  was  prioress  of  Sopcwell  Nunnery  near  St. 
Alban's  where  she  varied  the  devotions  of  tho  cloister 
with  the  sports  of  the  field.  Willing  to  impart  to  others 
a  knowledge  of  the  mysteries  which  afforded  so  m.ich  satis- 
faction to  herself,  she  wrote  treatises  on  Hawking,  Hunting, 

^'.•F"S,'a''nabSss'''S-sedto  turn  author,  we  might  more  rea- 
sonably have  expected  a  manual  of  meditations  for  the  closet  or 
selert  rules  for  making  salves,  or  distilling  strong  waters  1  it 
the  diversions  of  the  world  were  not  thought  inconsistent  with 
the  ch.Irac  er  of  a  religious  lady  of  this  eminent  rank,  who  reseni- 
Wed  an  abbot  in  respe^-t  of  exerc-ising  an  extensive  manorial  jimj 
d  c  Im  •  and  who  hawked  and  hunted  in  common  with  other  ladies 
of  d  s  inrtion  This  work  however  is  here  men  loned  because  the 
second  of  hese  treatises  is  written  in  rhyme.  It  is  spoken  m  her 
seconu  o'  "  •^="-  .-y^  I  i_„  otherwise  a  woman  of  authority,  she 
"rsun'l^X  ."irorDamri  suspect  the  whole  to  be  a  translation 
?rom  the  French  and  Latin."- D'urton's  Hu^lory  of  E„gh,h  Poetry, 

''"'•The  treatise  on  fishing  is  not  only  the  eariiest.  but  by  far  the 
most  curious  essay  upon  angling  which  has  ever  appeared  m  the 
FnSish  or  perhaps  any  other,  language.  In  the  most  important 
feafui7s:WaTton  has  c'losely  followed  this  production.  In  p.ety 
and  virtue  -in  the  inculcation  of  morahty.-in  an  ardent  love 
?or  the  r  art,  .aud  still  more,  in  that  pl.acid  and  Christian  spirit  for 
which  fhramiable  Walton  was  so  conspicuous,  the  eariy  writer 
was  scarcely  inferior  to  his  or  her  more  celebrated  successor.— 
Un.,S^%iUioarayhe,'s  Manual,  which  see  for  particulars  of 

'^'rhere'are' three  treatises  comprised  in  one  volume  with 
this  title  •  Tho  Bokys  of  Hawking  and  Hunting,  and  also 
of  Cootarmuris,  at  St.  Alban's,  1486,  small  folio.  So  rare 
is  this  volume,  that  Dr.  Dibdin  estimates  a  perfect  copy 
(of  which  Earl  Spencer  and  the  Earl  of  Pembroke  each 
had  one)  to  be  worth  £420;  a  very  imperfect  copy  pro- 
duced £147  at  the  sale  of  the  Library  of  the  Dnke  of  Rox- 
bur'bel  resold  at  tho  sale  of  the  WhUe  Knights  (Duke 
orMarborongh's)  Library  for  £84.  Tlio  third  book,  on 
Heraldic  Blazonry,  is  supposed  to  be  an  addendum  o  the 
"vo  preceding,  and  a  portion  of  a  work  by  Nicholas  Upton, 


BER 


BER 


written  about  1441.  Indeed  Mr.  Haslewood  considers  that 
the  only  portions  of  the  book  which  can  safely  lie  attri- 
buted 10  Dame  Berners  are  :  1.  A  small  portion  of  the  Trea- 
tise on  Hiiwkinf?.  2.  The  Treatise  upon  Hunting.  3.  A 
Short  List  of  the  Beasts  of  Chase ;  and  Another  Short 
one  of  Beasts  and  Fowls.  We  have  no  space  for  a  list  of 
early  editions,  the  last  of  which  was  printed  in  1595  in  4to. 
Mr.  Haslewood's  edition  (Lon.,  ISIO,  folio)  is  an  exact 
reprint  of  that  by  Wynkyu  de  Worde.  149U.  150  copies 
were  printed.  In  the  Bibliographical  Introduction  {a  few 
copies  of  which  were  struck  oft"  separately)  will  be  found 
a  full  account  of  the  first  editions  of  this  curious  work. 
As  few  of  our  readers  are  likely  to  have  an  opportunity  of 
seeing  this  rare  book,  we  shall  give  them  a  specimen  of  the 
Btyle  of  this  Di  Veruon  of  the  elder  time.  Speaking  of 
"fysshyuge,"  she  affectionately  e.\horts  the  prospective 
angler,  and  moralizes  on  this  wise: 

"  Ye  shall  not  use  this  forsayil  crafty  disporte  for  no  covetysenes, 
to  the  entTftisynge  and  sparyuge  of  your  money  oonly ;  but  prin- 
cipally for  your  solace,  and  to  cause  the  helthe  of  your  body,  and 
specyally  of  your  soule:  for  whaune  ye  purpoos  to  <roo  on  your 
dysportes  in  fysshynge.  ye  wnoll  not  desyre  gretly  many  persons 
with  you.  whyche  k-tt  you  of  your  game.  And  thenne  ye  may 
serve  <>od  devoutly  in  saying  affect  uously  your  custumable  prayer; 
aud,  thus  doyn^e.  ye  shall  eschewe  and  voyde  many  vices." 

In  order  that  the  angler  might  betake  him  or  herself 
quietly,  and  without  attracting  attention  and  company,  to 
their  "fysshynge  dysporte,"  she  gives  instructions  for  a 
■walking  cane-rod,  which  should  give  no  indication  of  the 
anticipated  "  dysporte,"  and  the  bewitching,  though  it  must 
be  confessed  rather  sly,  Juliana  triumphantly  declares, 

"  And  thus  shall  ye  make  you  a  rodde  so  prevy,  that  ye  may 
walk  therwyth;  and  there  shall  noo  man  wyte  where  abowte  ye 
goo.''  See  an  article  on  Angling  in  the  London  Quarterly  lie- 
view,  vol.  Ixvii. 

The  book  on  Armory  commences  with  the  following 
curious  piece  of  sacred  heraldry  : 

"Of  the  offspring  of  the  gentilman  Jafetb,  come  Habraham, 
Moyses.  .A.ron,  and  the  proft-ttys:  and  also  the  kyng  of  the  right 
lyne  of  IMary,  of  whom  that  gentilman  Jhesus  was  borne,  very 
God  and  man :  after  his  manh-iode  kynge  of  the  land  of  .lude  and 
of  Jues.  u;entilman  by  his  niodre  Mary,  prince  of  cotearmure,  &c." 
Berrey,  G.  J.  Legal  treatise,  Lon.,  lSo3,  12mo. 
Bcrriau,  William,  D.D.,  Rector  of  Trinity  Church, 
New  York  City.  1.  Travels  in  France  and  Italy  in  1S17- 
18,  N.  York.  1820.  8vo.  2.  Devotions  for  the  Sick-Room, 
I2mo.  3.  Enter  thy  Closet,  12mo.  4.  Family  and  Private 
Prayer.s  12mo.  5.  On  the  Communion,  18mo.  6.  Sailors' 
Manual,  ISmo.  7.  Hist.  Sketch  of  Trinity  Church,  N.  York, 
1847. 8vo.  8.  Recollections  of  Departed  Friends,  1850, 12mo. 
Ed.,  with  Memoir,  Works  of  Bishop  Hobart,  1833,  3  vols.  8vo. 
Berridge,  John,  1716-1793,  entered  at  Clare  Hall, 
1794,  vicar  of  Everton.  1755.  The  Christian  World  un- 
masked: pray  come  and  peep,  1773,  8vo ;  1824,  8vo;  with 
Life,  Letters,  Farewell  Sermons,  aud  Zlon's  Songs. 

Berriman,  John,  1689-176S,  educated  at  St.  Ed- 
mund's Hall,  Oxford,  became  Rector  of  St.  Alban's.  Lon- 
don, 1744.  The  Case  of  Naboth  considered,  &c.,  1721, 
8vo.  Eight  Sermons  at  Lady  Moyer's  Lecture,  1741,  8vo. 
Entirely  of  the  critical  kind,  noting  above  100  Greek  MS. 
of  St.  Paul's  Epistles,  many  not  before  collated.  A  Criti- 
cal Dissertation  on  1  Tim.  iii.  16,  1741,  8vo. 

**  In  this  work  are  noticed  several  frlarint;  and  unpardonable  errors 

in  the  impressions  of  the  Bible  durin^i  the  17th  century.     A  copy 

is  in  the  British  Museum,  with  the  author's  MS.  notes." — Lowndes. 

See  Orme's  Bib.  Bibl.     He  edited  2  vols,  of  his  brother 

William's  sermons,  pub.,  1760. 

Berriman,  William,  D.D.,  1688-1750,  brother  to 
the  preceding,  was  entered,  at  17,  of  Oriel  College,  Oxford. 
By  close  application  he  became  well  versed  in  the  (Jreek, 
Hebrew,  Chaldee,  Arabic,  and  Syriac  tongues.  The  Trini- 
tarian Controversy  elicited  his  first  publications.  A  Sea- 
sonable Review  of  Mr.  Whiston's  Account  of  Primitive 
Doxologies,  Lon.,  1719,  8vo.  A  Second  Review  of  the 
same,  1719.  8vo.  These  pieces  recommended  him  to  the 
notice  of  Dr.  Robinson,  Bishop  of  London,  who  in  172U 
appointed  him  his  domestic  chaplain,  and  in  1722  collated 
him  to  the  living  of  St.  Andrew-Undershaft.  In  1727  he 
became  a  Fellow  of  Eton  College.  An  Historical  Account 
of  the  Trinitarian  Controversy,  in  8  Sermons,  delivered 
at  Lady  Moyer's  Lecture,  in  172,3-24;  pub.  1725,  Svo. 
In  Dr.  Conyers  Middleton's  Introductory  Discourse  to  the 
Inquiry  into  the  miraculous  powers  of  the  Christian  Church, 
ami  in  the  Inquiry  also,  Dr.  Berriuian  was  noticed  with 
much  severity.  In  1731  Berriman  pub.  by  way  of  rejoinder, 
A  Defence  of  some  passages  in  the  Historical  Account. 
In  1733  he  pub.  Brief  Remarks  on  Mr.  Chandler's  Intro- 
duction to  the  History  of  the  Inquisition,  which  was  fol- 
lowed by  a  Review  of  the  Remarks.  Both  of  these  were 
answered  by  Chandler.  The  Gradual  Revelation  of  the 
Gospel  from  the  time  of  Man's  Apostasy :   24  sermons 


preached  at  the  Lecture  founded  by  the  Hon.  Robert  Boyle, 
1730,  '31,  '32,  Lon.,  1733,  2  vols.  8vo.  He  pub.  a  number 
of  occasional  sermons,  &c.  After  his  death  2  vols.,  40  ser- 
mons, were  pub.  by  his  brother,  and  in  1763  1  vol.,  19  ser- 
mons, appeared. 

Berrin^^ton.     See  Berington. 

Berrow,  C'apel.  Sermons,  1746.  A  Pre-oxistent 
Lapse  of  Human  Souls,  demonstrated  from  Reasim,  shewn 
to  be  the  opinion  of  the  most  eminent  writers  of  antiquity, 
sacred  and  profane.  Proved  to  be  the  groundwork,  like- 
wise, of  the  Gospel  Dispensation  ;  and  the  medium  through 
which  many  material  objects,  relative  thereto,  are  set  in  a 
clear,  rational,  and  consistent  light,  1762,  8vo. 

"  AUn^retber  undeservinji  of  the  public  attention  :  it  is  a  crude 
and  irret^ular  prudnction.  neither  to  lie  commended  for  its  matter 
nor  its  style.  The  alleviations  from  Scripture  are  weak  and  uncriti- 
cal; the  arguments,  drawn  from  the  depravity  of  the  mind,  are 
declamatory  and  false,  and  several  of  the  authorities  are  misrepre- 
sented, aud  at  best  nothing  to  tht-  purpose." — Lon.  Monthly  Mevkw. 

Deism  not  consistent  with  the  Religion  of  Nature  and 
Reason,  1780.  4to. 

Berry,  Charles.  Sermons  on  the  Duty  of  National 
Thanksgiving,  1812. 

Berry,  Francis.     See  Whitcher. 

Berry,  Rev.  Henry,  was  connected  with  the  British 
Farmer's  Mag.  He  wrote  Improved  Short  Horns,  and 
their  pretensions  stated,  Lon.,  1830,  8vo. 

Berry,  Mary,  1762-1S52.  Her  father,  sister  Agnes, 
and  herself  were  the  literary  executors  of  Sir  Horace  Wal- 
pole,  and  under  their  supervision  his  works  were  pub.  in 
5  vols.  4to.  The  writings  of  Miss  Berry,  entitled  England 
and  France,  &c.,  were  pub.  by  her  in  2  vols.  Svo,  Lon.,  1844. 
She  defended  Walpole  from  the  strictures  of  Lr.ril  Mac- 
aulay  in  Edin.  Rev.  In  1840  she  ed.  and  pub.  for  the  first 
time  Sixtv  Letters  from  Walpnle  to  Her.'^eif  and  Sister. 

Berry,  Richard.     Sermon,  Dubl.,  1672,  fol. 

Berrv,  Robert.  Works  of  Horace  Walpole,  5  vols., 
1798,  r.   4to. 

Berry,  "William,  Clerk  to  the  Register  of  the  College 
of  Arms.  An  Introduction  to  Heraldry,  Lon.,  1810,  8vo. 
History  of  the  Islaad  of  Guernsey,  from  the  remotest 
period  of  antiquity  to  the  year  1814;  with  Particulars  of 
the  neighbouring  Islands  of  Alderney,  Serk,  and  Jersey, 
1815,  4to.  Genealogica  Antiqua;  or  Mythological  and 
Classical  Tables,  Lon.,  1816.  fol.  Genealogia  Sacra,  or 
Scripture  Tables,  Lon.,  1819,  4to. 

*'  Chietly  confined  to  the  patriarchs  aud  descendants  of  our  first 
parents,  with  references  .  .  .  The  i-hronolotriral  dates  are  taken 
from  Blair.  Usher,  and  others.  An  alphabetical  index  is  subjoined, 
which  flii>ilitates  reference  to  this   unassuming   publication."  — 

T.  H.  HORNE. 

Encyclopedia  Heraldioa.  or  Complete  Dictionary  of 
Heraldry  :  with  the  Supplement,  4  vols.  4to,  1828-40. 

'•The  best  modern  dictionary  of  heraldry:  it  embraces  the 
greater  part  of  Edinondson  and  others." 

Pedigrees  of  Berks,  Bucks,  and  Surrey  Families,  1837, 
fol.,  £5  5«.  Do.  Essex  Families,  1841,  fol.,  £2  15s.  Do. 
Hampshire  Families,  1833,  fol.,  £6  6«.  Do.  Hertford- 
shire Families,  1844  and  '46,  fob,  £3  10«.  Do.  Kent 
Families.  1830,  fob,  £6  6^.  Do.  Sussex  Families,  1830, 
fob,  £fi  6s. 

Bert,  Ed-  Treatise  of  Hawkes  and  Hawking,  Lon., 
1619.  4to. 

Bertezen,  S.     Food  for  Silk-worms,  Lon..  17S9,  8vo. 

Bertie,  Willoughby,  Earl  of  Abingdon,  1740-1799. 
Thoughts  on  Mr.  Burke's  Letter  to  the  Sheriffs  of  Bristol, 
on  American  Affairs,  Oxf.,  1777,  8vo;  6th  ed.  enlarged, 
1780.  Letter  to  Lady  Loughborough,  (ascribed  to  him.) 
Many  editions,  1789.  Speech  on  the  Abolition  of  the  Slave 
Trade,  1793,  »8vo. 

"One  of  the  most  steady  and  intrepid  assertors  of  Hbei-ty  in  this 
age." — Editr/r  nf  Wilkes's  S]^eches. 

Berton,  William,  flourished  about  1381,  a  divine, 
and  Chancellor  of  the  University  of  Oxford,  was  a  zealous 
opponent  of  Wickliffe.  1.  Determinationes  contra  Vicle- 
vum.  2.  Sententia  a  super  justa  ejus  Condemnatione. 
3.  Contra  ejus  Articulos.  Bale  and  Pits  give  very  dif- 
ferent opinions  of  his  character. 

Bertram,  Charles,  an  English  antiquary,  Professor 
of  the  English  language  in  the  Royal  Marine  Academy  of 
Copenhagen.  Ethics,  or  Select  Thoughts  from  several 
Authors,  the  words  accented  to  render  the  English  pro- 
nunciation easy  to  foreigners.  Britannicarum  Gentium 
Historise  Antiquse  Scriptures  tres, — Ricardus  Corinensis 
—  Gildas  Badonicus  —  Neunius  Banchorensis  —  recensuit 
Notisque  et  Indice  auxit  Car.  Bertramus,  Haun.  1757,  Svo. 
Stukeley,  to  whom  Bertram  communicated  a  copy  of  the 
MS.,  pub.  an  edit,  of  the  first  treatise  in  the  above  work 
in  London.     Its  authenticity  has  been  much  doubted. 

lit 


BER 


BET 


Berwick,  Marshal,  Duke  of,  1670-1734,  illegiti- 
mate sou  of  James  II.  (when  I)uke  of  York)  and  Arabella 
Churchill.  Memoirs,  written  by  himself,  with  a  continua- 
tion, pub.  by  the  Duke  of  Fitz-James,  trans,  from  the 
French,  {Paris,  1778,  2  vols.  i;imo,)  Lon.,  1779,  2  vols.  8vo. 

Berwick,  Edward.  Theolog.  and  Biographical 
Works,  Lon.,  1809,  '11,  '111,  '15,  '17. 

Berwick,  John,  D.D.  Deceivers  Deceived,  Serm., 
1661,  4to. 

Bery,  John.     Sermon,  Lon.,  1617,  4to. 

Besoduu,  or  Beston,  John,  Prior  of  the  monastery 
of  Carmelite  Friars  at  Lynn,  in  Norfolk,  graduated  at 
Cambridge  and  Paris.  1.  Super  Universalia  Ilolcothi. 
2.  Compendium  Theologian.  3.  Determinationum  Liber. 
4.  Sacrarum  Concionum  Liber.  5.  Sermones  in  Evangclia. 
6.  Sermones  in  Epistolas.  7.  Leeturte  SacrsE  Scripture. 
8.  Rudimenta  Logices.  9.  De  Virtutibus  et  Vitiis  oppo- 
sitis.  10.  Epistolarum  Libri  Duo.  11.  De  Trinitate :  and 
another  set  of  Sermons. — Bale j  Pits;  Tanner;  Leland; 
Hose's  Bioy,  Diet. 

'•He  was  extremely  well  versed  in  natural  philosophy,  and  a 
considerable  divine." — Lel\nd. 

"  He  was  a  very  fluent  and  elegant  preacher  in  his  own  language, 
and  an  acute  disput-aut  in  the  schools," — Bale. 

"  He  used  in  his  sermnus  to  open  and  explain  the  fourfold  sense 
of  the  Scriptures  with  the  utmost  perspicuity." — Al\n  de  Lynn. 

"  He  had  a  very  happy  gi-nius  and  a  solid  judgment,  and  was 
eminent  for  his  piety  and  knnwl.d.i^e  iiotb  in  divine  and  human 
learning;  he  was  highly  npplaud.-d  tnr  his  subtility  in  disputing, 
and  his  eloquence  in  the  pulpit." — I'ns. 

Besombe,  Robert.     Sermon,  1634.  Svo. 

Besse,  Joseph.  Collection  of  the  Sufferings  of  the 
People  called  Quakers,  for  the  Testimony  of  a  good  Con- 
science, Lon.,  1763,  2  vols.  fol.  The  1st  vol.  contains  the 
persecutions  in  the  English  Counties,  alphabetically  ar- 
ranged ;  the  2d  includes  N.  America,  <fec.,  the  West  Indies, 
&c.  Nearly  half  this  work  relates  to  America ;  there  is  an 
index  of  100  pages  of  the  names  alone  mentioned  in  the 
work,  very  valuable  for  genealogical  inquirer.'^,  &q. 

Best,  George.  A  true  Discovrse  of  the  late  Voyages 
of  Discouerie,  for  the  finding  of  a  passage  to  Cathaya,  by 
the  North-weast.  vnder  the  conduct  of  Martin  Frobisher, 
Generall ;  deuided  into  three  bookes,  Lon.,  1578,  4to. 
Jadis's  Sale,  No.  270,  £S  10s. 

Best,  Henry.  The  Christian  Religion  defended 
against  the  Philosophers  and  Republicans  of  France, 
Lon.,   1793,   Svo.     Sermon    on   John   xx.   23,   1793,   Svo. 

"  The  preacher  seems  earnestly  desirous  of  restoring  to  the  priest- 
hood the  power  of  the  keys." 

Best,  Matilda,    'An  Original  Poem,  1789,  4to. 

Best,  Hon.  and  Rev.  Samuel.  Theolog.  Works, 
Lon.,  1836-52. 

Best,  3Irs.  T.  On  the  Prophecy  of  Hosea,  Lon., 
1831,  12mo.     Tracts  on  Old  and  New  Testament,  6  vols. 

Best,  Thos.  Treatise  on  Angling,  Ac,  Lon.,  1787, 
12mo. 

Best,  Thomas.  Vindication  of  the  Dissenters,  Lon., 
1795,  Svo. 

Best,  W.  M.  Evidence  and  Practice,  1849,  Svo.  A 
Treatise  on  Presumption  of  Law  and  Fact ;  with  the  Theory 
and  Rules  of  Presumptive  or  Circumstantial  Proof  in  Cri- 
minal Cases,  Lon.,  1844,  Svo. 

"  The  author  has  executed  a  concise  and  well-di<;est«d  treatise 
upon  a  branch  of  the  law  of  evidence  which  hitherto  had  been 
treated  in  a  loose  and  inartificial  manner.  He  has  availed  him- 
self of  the  learning  of  the  Continental  jurists  upon  Presumption, 
and  his  work  throughout  displays  a  thorough  acquaintance  with 
the  whole  learning  applicable  to  the  subject." 

Exposition  of  the  Practice  relative  to  the  right  to  Begin 
and  right  to  Reply,  in  trials  by  Jury,  and  in  appeals,  at 
Quarter  Sessions,  Lon.,  1837,  Svo. 

"This  treatise  contains  a  very  ingenious  inquiry  into  the  prin- 
ciples which  should  govern  the  determination  of  the  question; 
and  the  deductions  of  the  author  are  given  in  clear  language, 
fully  supported  by  the  authorities  advanced  in  favour  of  them. 
The  more  abstruse  part  of  the  work,  treating  of  the  doctrine  of 
Presumption,  is  principally  drawn  from  the  treatisi'S  on  evidence 
by  Mr.  Phillips  and  Mr.  Starkie;  but  the  author  has  made  good 
use  of  the  materials  thus  obtained." 

Best,  William.     Sermtms,  1734,  '42,  '46. 

Beste,  J.  R.  1.  The  Wabash,  2  vols.  p.  Svo,  Lon., 
1855.     2.  Modern  Society  in  Rome, 

Betagh,  William.  Voyage  round  the  "World,  begun 
in  the  year  1719,  Lon.,  1728,  Svo.  This  will  be  f(uind  also 
in  vol.  1st  of  Harris's  Collection  of  Voyages  and  Travels, 
and  the  14th  vol.  of  Pinkerton's  Collection  includes  the 
Account  of  Peru. 

Betham,  John,  D.D.,  d.  1701,  a  Roman  Catholic  di- 
vine, chaplain  and  preacher  to  James  II.     Annunciation; 
a  Sermon  on  Luke  i.  31,  1686,  4to.     Catholick  Sermons, 
2  vols.  Svo. 
ld2 


Beiham,  Miss  Matilda.  Elegies,  Ac,  ton.,  179S, 
12mo.  A  Biographical  Dictionary  of  the  celebrated  Wo- 
men of  every  Age  and  Country,  Lon.,  1804,  Svo. 

'•  By  the  aid  of  Le  Dictionnaire  des  Femmes  Celebres,  and  the 
communications  of  several  friends.  Miss  B.  has  furnished  a  volume 
which,  we  doubt  not,  will  be  received  with  candour,  and  a  due  de- 
gree of  approbation." 

Poems,  1808,  Svo.     Lay  of  Marie ;  a  Poem,  1S16,  Svo. 

Betham,  Philip.  Trans,  the  Earl  of  PurtUias's  Pre- 
cepts of  War,  Lt)n.,  1544,  Svo. 

Betham,  Robert.  National  Vices  the  bane  of  So- 
ciety ;  Fast  Sermon  on  Rev.  ii.  5,  1744,  4to. 

Betham,  Rev.  William.  Genealogical  Tables  of 
the  Sovereigns  of  the  World,  from  the  earliest  to  the  pre- 
sent period,  Lon.,  1795,  fol. 

"  A  useful  work,  but  much  less  valuable  than  Anderson's  elabo- 
rate compilation,  cuntaining  715  Genealogical  Tables,  with  an  In- 
dex, pp.  o." — LOWNDEy. 

The  Baronetage  of  England,  or  the  History  of  the  Eng- 
lish Baronets,  and  such  Baronets  of  Scotland  as  are  of 
English  Families,  with  Genealogical  Tables,  and  Engrav- 
ings of  their  Armorial  bearings.  Ipswich  and  Lon.,  5  vols., 
1801-05,  4to. 

"  A  very  incorrect  and  imperfect  work." 

Betham,  Sir  William,  1779-1853,  Ulster  King-of- 
Arms,  ic,  son  of  the  preceding.  1.  Irish  Antiquarian 
Researches,  DuliL,  1826-27,  2  vols.  8vo,  and  Appendix. 

'•In  his  observations  on  the  histoiy  of  the  Geraldines,  Sir  Wil- 
liam notices  some  very  odd  blunders  of  preceding  writers,  who  fol- 
lowed Icgeuds  rather  than  evidence  in  their  compilations  of  the 
histories  of  the  ancient  families  of  Ireland,  by  which  they  were 
made  nearly  altogether  uniDtelligihIe.  In  looking  over  Lodge'a 
Peerage  and  other  Irish  writers,  and  indeed  Irish  history  gene- 
rally, we  have  felt  the  justice  of  this  remark :  it  is  a  sad  jumble  of 
contradictions." — Lon.  Literary  Gazette. 

2.  Dignities,  Feudal  and  Parliamentary,  1830,  vol.  i., 
Svo:  all  pub.  3.  Origin  and  Hist,  of  the  CoustiL.  of  England, 
1830,  Svo.  Commended  by  Prof.  J.  J.  Park.  4.  The  Gael 
and  the  Cymbri,  1834,  Svo.  5.  Etruria  Celtica  :  Etruscan 
Lit.  and  Autiqs.  Investigated,  1842,  2  vols.  Svo.  For  an 
account  of  the  learned  labours  of  this  industrious  anti- 
quary, see  Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  Dec.  1853,  632. 

Bethel,  Slingsby.     Political,  Ac.  treatises,  1681-97. 

Bethell,  Christopher,  D.  D.,  Bishop  of  Bangor. 
Charges,  1816,  tfec.  An  Apology  fur  the  Ministers  of  tho 
Church  of  England  who  hold  the  doctrine  of  Baptismal 
Regeneration,  in  a  Letter  to  the  Rev.  George  Stanley 
Faber,  B.  D.,  1816.  A  General  View  of  the  Doctrine  of 
Regeneration  in  Baptism,  Lon.,  1822,  2d  edit.,  with  a  pre- 
face against  objections,  1836,  4th  edit,  revised,  with  an 
Appendix,  containing  Remarks  on  Faber  on  liegeuera- 
tion,  1845;  5th  edit..  1S50,  Svo, 

Bethell,  Samuel.     Visitation  Sermon,  1811,  Svo. 

Bethum,  John.     1.  Short  View.     2.  Essays,  1770-1. 

Bethuue,  Alexander,  1S04-1S43,  a  native  of  Fife- 
shire.  Scotland,  was  the  son  of  a  farm-labourer.  His  bro- 
ther John,  1812-1839,  was  a  native  of  •'  The  Mount,"  once 
the  home  of  Sir  David  Lindsay.  By  the  kindness  of  those 
liberal  patrons  of  literature — who  have  done  so  much  for 
tho  improvement  of  the  public  mind — \yiliiam  and  Robert 
Chambers  of  Edinburgh,  Alexander  Bethuue  made  his 
appearance  as  an  author  in  1835.  by  the  publication  of 
two  stories  illustrative  of  Scottish  Rural  Life  :  (see  Cham- 
bers's Journal,  1835.)  In  1838  appeared  Tales  and  Sketches 
of  the  Scottish  Peasantry ;  a  small  portion  of  this  volume 
was  written  by  John  Bethune,  (see  />"»^)  It  produced 
about  £20.  Practical  Economy  Exi)buned  and  Enforced, 
in  a  Series  of  Lectures,  by  the  brothers  Alexander  and 
John,  was  pub.  in  1S09.  In  this  year  John  died.  Tho 
Scottish  Peasant's  Fireside,  a  Series  of  Tales  and  Sketches 
illustrating  the  Character  of  the  Peasantry  of  Scotland, 
made  its  appearance  in  1843.  In  1S41  some  Poems  left 
by  John  were  pub.  with  a  sketch  of  the  author's  life  by 
his  brother.  Alexander  followed  his  brother  to  the  grave 
in  1843.  William  Crombie,  author  of  Hours  of  Thought, 
I  Ac,  pub.  in  1845  Memoirs  of  Alexander  Bethune,  em- 
bracing Selections  from  his  Correspondence  and  Literary 
Remains. 

"  The  quantity  of  verse  and  prose  which  he  [John  Bethune] 
produced,  under  the  circumstances,  was  truly  astonishing.  If 
printed  in  full,  they  would  occupy  several  volumes.  As  &r  as  we 
ran  judge  from  the  specimens  in  the  books  which  are  before  us, 
the  lanL'u;vzp  was  always  correct,  the  lines  smooth  and  flowin,^, 
and  tln'  ibymes  p;ood:  but  of  course  he  had  little  ran^e  of  thought 
nr  copi  aismss  of  diction,  and  further  cultivation  of  mind  would 
pii)l>;iltly  b;ive  induced  him  to  abandon  poetry  for  prose." — (From 
an  iiiterestintr  article,  to  which  we  are  indebted  for  the  above  pai"- 
ticulars.  by  Francis  liuwen,  in  N.  Amer.  llev..  vol.  Ixvii.,  184S.) 

•'  Tlie  penisal  of  this  book  [Tales  and  iSketchea  of  the  Scottish 

Peasantry,  by  Alexander  Bethune]  has  affected  us  nmre  than  any 

thing  we  have  read  for  many  years  past,  and  has  revived  in  our 

i  bosom  recollections  of  youth  aud  ruiul  manucrB,  which,  though 


BET 


BEV 


tbey  may  be  dormant  for  a  time,  amid  the  enjjrossing  cares  of  the 
world,  ran  never  be  oblitei;itt.-d,  and  can  never  die.  .  .  .  All  is  na- 
ture, all  is  real,  because  tbr  author,  instead  of  drawing  out  his 
imagination,  has  written  nothing  but  what  he  himself  has  seen  or 
known." — EiHiiimrgh  CVirrnnch. 

Bethuue,  George  W.,  D.D.,  b.  1S05,  a  miuister  of 
the  Dutch  Refitrmed  Churt-h,  is  well  knowu  as  an  accom- 
plished scholar  and  eloquent  pulpit  orator.  Dr.  Bethune 
is  a  native  of  the  city  of  New  York.  }Ie  has  been  sta- 
tioned successively  at  Rhinebeek,  Utica,  Philadelphia,  and 
Brooklyn,  in  which  latter  city  he  now  (1858)  resides.  Dr. 
Bethune  has  been  offered  and  has  declined  the  chaplaincy 
of  the  UuKcil  St;!tL's  Military  Academy  at  V^Gst  Point,  the 
Cbancelloi>lii|i  u['  iho  New  York  University,  and  the  Pro- 
fc-ssnrsbip  '«r  l-](Tlesiiisf  icul  History  and  Church  Government 
in  the  Theological  .Seminary  of  the  Reformed  Dutch  Church. 
He  i.s  author  and  editor  of  a  number  of  volumes :  A  Word  to 
the  Afflicted;  British  Female  Poets;  Lays  of  Love  and 
Faith:  Fruit  of  the  Spirit;  History  of  a  Penitent;  Sermons; 
Orations  and  Occasional  Discourses,  etc.  His  edition  of 
AValton's  Complete  Angler,  with  an  exceedingly  valuable 
bibliographical  preface,  Ac,  has  been  highly  commended. 
This  work  was  compiled  in  the  chance  moments  of  relief 
from  graver  studies.  *'  I  lost  no  time  by  it,"  the  editor 
remarked  to  the  present  writer,  "for  it  was  the  occupation 
of  moments  when  others  would  have  been  looking  out  of 
the  windows." 

•'  The  American  portion  of  the  work,"  [The  Complete  Angler,] 
remarks  a  critic,  *■  so  rich  in  rare  scholarship,  indicates  both  the 
research  and  the  sentiment  desirable  in  a  true  brother  of  the  angle. 
There  is  always  a  dash  of  poetry  in  such  men — displaying  itself 
in  a  love  of  nature  or  a  vein  of  sentiment.  The  latter  predomi- 
nates in  Dr.  Bethune." 

Lays  of  Love  and  Faith ;  with  other  Poems. 
*'  The  songs  in  this  volume  are  particularly  melodious  and  ten- 
der, and  there  is  a  relish  of  mingled  scholarship  and  fuu  in  some 
of  the  epi^^rama,  most  rare  in  these  days.  The  Poems  are  intro- 
duced to  the  reader  in  a  sonnet  which  so  happily  characteiizes  their 
most  characteristic  qualities,  that  we  quote  it  as  more  to  the  point 
than  any  further  remarks  of  our  own: 
"  As  one  arranges  in  a  simple  vase 

A  little  store  of  unpretending  flowers, 

So  gathered  I  some  records  of  past  hours. 

And  trust  them,  gentle  reader,  to  thy  grace; 

Nor  hnpi-  th:it  in  my  pages  thou  wilt  tj-ace 

The  hriiliaiit  proof  of  high  poetic  powers; 

But  dear  memorials  of  my  happy  days, 

■When  heaven  shed  blessings  ou  my  heart  like  showers; 

Clothing  with  beauty  even  the  desert  place; 

Till  I,  with  thankful  gladness  in  my  looks, 

Turned  me  to  God,  sweet  miture,  loving  friends, 

Christ's  little  children,  well-worn  ancient  books, 

The  charm  of  art,  the  rapture  music  sends; 

And  sang  away  the  grief  that  on  man's  lot  attends." 

iVfw  York  Literary  World. 

A  large  number  of  Dr.  Betbune's  Sermons  and  Addresses 
have  been  printed:  among  them  are  his  annual  discourses 
before  The  Foreign  Evangelical  Society,  The  American 
Sunday-School  Union,  The  A.  B.  C.  Foreign  Missions,  &c. 
He  has  delivered  Phi  Beta  Kappa  Oratinus  at  Dartmouth, 
Harvard,  and  Brown  Universities,  and  Orations  at  Yale 
and  other  Colleges. 

Bethune,  John.     Allan  of  Olway,  1815,  8vo. 

Bethune,  John.     See  Bkthunf,  Alexander. 
_  Betterton,  Thomas,  1635-1710,  a  celebrated  Eng- 
lish actor,  wrote  several   dramatic   pieces,  and  altered  a 
number  for  the  stage.     The  Biog.  Dramatica  gives  the  fol- 
lowing list : 

"  1.  The  Koman  Viririn ;  or  Unjust  Judge,  T..  4to,  1679.  2.  The 
Revenge;  or  a  Match  in  Newgate.  C.,4to.  ITiSO.  3.  The  Prophetess; 
or  the  History  of  Dioclesian,  Altered,  O.,  With  a  ."Masque,  4to,  1090. 
4.  King  Henry  the  Fourth,  with  The  Ilumour-s  of  Sir  John  Falslaff, 
T.  C.,  4to,  1700.  0.  The  Amorous  Widow;  or.  The  Wanton  Wife, 
C.  4to,  1706.  6.  Sequel  of  llvnvy  the  Fourth,  Svo,  N.  D.,  [1719.] 
7.  The  Bondman;  or.  Love  and  Liberty,  T.  C,  8vo,  1719.  8.  The 
Woman  made  a  Justice,  Com.,  N.  P. 

"  Of  these  we  have  not  much  more  to  say.  than  that  those  which 
are  properly  his  own  are  not  devoid  of  merit,  and  those  which  he 
has  only  altered  have  received  an  advanta'_'e  from  his  amendment.*' 

Among  other  eloquent  eulogies  upon  Mr.  Betterton,  we 
may  refer  to  those  of  CoUey  Cibber,  Anthony  Aston,  and 
Addison. 

'*  Such  an  actor  as  Mr.  Betterton  oupht  to  be  recorded  with  the 
same  respect  as  Roscius  anion.e  the  Romans.  ...  I  have  hardly  a 
n"tion  that  any  performance  of  antiquity  could  surpass  the  action 
of  Mr.  Betterton  in  any  of  the  occasions  in  which  he  has  appeared 
on  our  st,i^e." — Addison:  TafJer.  No.  167. 

"  Betterton  was  an  actor,  as  Shakspeare  was  an  author,  both 
withnut  competitors,  formed  for  the  mutual  assistance  and  illus- 
tnitinn  of  each  other's  eenius." — Coli.kt  CiimER. 

Bettesworth,  Charles.     Sermon,  1712,  Svo. 

Bettesworth,  John.     Educational  works,  1778-87. 

Bettie,  W.  Ilistorie  of  Titania  and  Thesevs,  Lon., 
le.-ie,  4to. 

'■This  has  all  the  guise  and  manner  in  title,  composition,  and 
pilnting,  to  have  appeared  near  half  a  century  earlier." 


See  the  account  of  this  curious  volume  in  the  British 
Bibliographer,  ii.  430-4;:'.7. 

Betton,  T.  R.,  M.D.  Trans.  Regnault's  Chemistry, 
Phila..  lsjL»,  2  vols.  Svo. 

Belts,  John,  M.B.,  Physician-in-Ordiuary  to  Charlea 
II.  De  Urtu  et  Xatura  Sanguinis,  Lon.,  IGC't),  Svo.  To 
which  was  afterwards  added  Medicinaj  cum  Philusophia 
Natural!  consensus,  Lon.,  1GH2,  Svo. 

'•  After  the  first  edit,  of  this  book  came  out,  it  was  reflected 
upon  by  George  Thompson.  M.D.,  in  his  book  entit.  The  True  Way 
of  Preserving  the  Blood  in  its  Integrity,  Ac,  [Lon.,  1670,  8vo.]  Dr. 
Betts  alrtu  pub,  Anatomia  Thoime  Parri,  &c., — which  book  waa 
drawn  lip  by  Ur.  William  Harvey." — Wood. 

Belts,  Joseph.    Comets'  Motions;  Phil.  Trans.,  1744. 

Bells,  Robert.  Body  of  Divinity,  drawn  into  a  Table, 
1636,  4to. 

Belts,  S,  R.  Admiralty  Prac.  in  the  Cts.  of  the  U.S. 
for  the  Southern  District  of  Xew  York,  N.Y.,  1838.  Svo. 

Belly,  Jos.  The  Divine  Institution  of  the  Ministry, 
and  the  Absolute  Xecessity  of  Church  Govt.,  1729,  Svo. 

Beiitanius,  a  British  divine  and  historian  of  the  7th 
century,  was  the  instructor  of  the  celebrated  Nennius,  after- 
wards abbot  of  the  mimastcry  of  Bangor.  Eeulanius  is  said 
to  have  written  a  work  entitled  De  Gonealogiis  Gentium. 

Beulanius,  Samuel,  son  of  the  preceding,  was  born 
in  Northumberland  and  educated  in  the  Isle  of  Wight. 

'■lie  was  a  man  of  a  very  humane. and  mild  disposition,  a  good 
historian,  and  well  skilled  in  geometry.  He  gave  an  jiccurate 
description  of  the  Isle  of  "Wight  from  hia  own  observations,  as  well 
as  from  the  accounts  of  Ptolemy  and  Pliny." 

He  also  wrote  Annotations  upon  Nennius,  a  History  of 
the  actions  of  King  Arthur  in  Scotland,  and  an  Historical 
Itinerary.     Leland  is  of  opinion  that  he  was  a  monk. 

Bevan,  Henry.  Thirty  Years'  Residence  in  India, 
Lon.,  ]s;;t|,  2  vols.  p.  Svo, 

Bevan,  Joseph  Gurney,  a  writer  of  considerable 
note,  a  member  of  the  Society  of  Friends. 

A  Refutation  of  some  of  the  most  modern  Misrepresen- 
tations of  the  Society  of  Friends,  commonly  called  Quar- 
kers,  with  a  Life  of  James  Nayler.  *tc..  Lon.,  1800.  Svo. 

"  Bevan  is  the  ablest  of  the  Quaker  apologists.  He  writes  with  good 
sense,  good  temper,  and  good  feeling,  and  has  for  the  nu-st  part  di- 
vested himself  of  that  vague  and  unsatisfactory  mysticism  in  which 
the  Quaker  advocates  have  embedded  themselves." — Lowndes. 

A  Short  Account  of  the  Life  and  Writings  of  Robert 
Barclay.  Lun.,  1802.  12mo.  Memoirs  of  the  Life  of  Isaac 
Penington  ;  to  which  is  added,  a  Review  of  his  writings, 
Lon.,  18117.  Svo.  The  Life  of  the  Apostle  Paul,  as  related 
in  the  Scriptures,  «fec.,  with  select  Notes,  critical,  explana- 
tory, and  relating  to  Persons  and  Places,  and  a  Map  of  the 
Countries  in  which  the  Apostle  travelled,  Lon.,  1S07,  Svo. 

"The  narrative  of  St.  Paul's  lif..-  is  studiously  related  in  the  very 
words  of  Scripture,  having  only  such  additional  matter  as  is  ne- 
ces.sary  to  introduce  or  connect  the  several  parts.  Attention,  how- 
ever, has  been  paid  to  the  task  of  selecting,  ft-om  different  parts  of 
the  New  Testament,  such  passages  as  belong  to  the  regular  chain 
of  the  history.  The  notes  are  principally  selected  from  the  be.st 
critics  and  commentators,  and  those  whii-h  are  geographical  are 
the  most  conspicuous,  and  stamp  a  real  val  ue  on  the  work ;  whi<-h, 
though  designed  for  young  persons  of  his  own  religious  communion, 
(The  Society  of  Friends.)  may  be  studied  with  advantage  by  those 
of  every  other  cla.^is  of  Christians,  especially  such  as  have  nnt  many 
cnnimentators  within  their  reach,  '  without  danger  of  finding  any 
thing  introduced  which  can  give  the  smallest  bias  towards  any 
principle  that  is  not  really  and  truly  Christian.'  "—Home's  Iniro- 
ditdi'm  ;  British  Critic,  O.  S.  vol.  sxxiii. 

■'This  work  does  credit  to  the  taleuts  and  pii?ty  of  the  writer; 
and  is  interesting  as  affording  some  explanation  of  the  theological 
sentiments  of  the  Quakers.'' — Orme's  Bih.  Bibl. 

A  Reply  to  so  much  of  the  Sermon  of  H.  P.  Dodd  as  re- 
lates to  the  scruple  of  the  Quakers  against  all  Swearing, 
Lon.,  1806.  Svo.  Thoughts  on  Reason  and  Revelation, 
particularly  the  Revelation  of  the  Scriptures,  Lon.,IS10,8vo. 

Bevan,  Richard.  Imprisonment  for  Debt,  Lon., 
1781.  Svo. 

Bevan,  Sylvanns.     Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  Ac.  1743. 

Bevan,  Thomas.  Lord's  Prayer  E.xpounded,  Lon., 
167.S.  Svo. 

Bevans,  John.  A  Defence  of  the  Christian  Doctrines 
of  the  Society  of  Friends  against  the  charge  of  vSocini- 
anism,  Ac;  to  which  is  prefixed  a  Letter  to  J.  Evans,  Lon., 
1805,  Svo. 

"An  important  Tract  in  defence  of  the  Society  of  Friends.'* — 
Lowndes. 

A  Brief  View  of  the  Doctrines  of  the  Christian  Religion 
as  professed  by  the  Society  of  Friends,  Lon.,  ISll,  12mo. 
A  Vindication  of  the  Authenticity  of  the  Narratives  con- 
tained in  the  first  Two  Chapters  of  the  Gospel  of  St. 
Matthew  and  St.  Luke,  &c.  By  a  Layman,  Lon.,  1822, 
Svo. 

'■In  this  very  elaborate  work  the  authenticity  of  Matt.  i.  and  ii. 
and  Luke  i.  and  ii.  are  most  satjsfactoiilv  vindicated  from  the  ..b- 
jections  of  the  Editors  of  the  Unitarian  Version  of  the  Xew  Test** 


BEV 

ment:  Tvhose  disfngemious  alterations  in  succeSRiveoditinnRof  that  I 
work  are  exposed  in  the  Appendix." — Hivw's  Iiifr'itindum.  1 

Bever,  Thomas,  LL.D.,  1725-1781.  Fellow  of  All 
Souls'  College,  Oxford,  April  5,  1758,  delivered  lectures  on 
Civil  Law.  In  1766  he  pub.  the  introduction  to  the  course 
under  the  title  of  A  Discourse  on  the  Study  of  Jurispru- 
dence and  the  Civil  Law,  Lon.,  4to.  The  History  of  the 
Legal  Polity  of  the  Roman  State ;  and  of  the  Rise,  Pro- 
gress, and  E.xteut  of  the  Roman  Laws,  Lon.,  1781,  4to. 

"  In  this  worlv  he  has  made  deep  researches  into  the  constitution 
of  the  Itomau  State,  and  displays  au  extensive  fund  of  learning, 
connected  with  the  investigation  of  the  Civil  Law."' 

"  He  was  a  better  scholar  than  writer,  and  a  better  writer  than 
pleader."— Dn.  CooTE. 

"  Bever's  Legal  Polity  is  a  copious,  and.  we  fear,  a  somewhat 
tedious,  work,  which,  however,  is  not  destitute  of  merit.  It  was 
translated  into  the  German  language  by  Volkel.  who  has  corrected 
many  of  his  errors,  for  the  author  left  many  errors  to  correct. 
Bever  writes  like  a  schokar  and  a  man  of  ability,  but  he  laboured 
under  the  disadvantage  of  being,  in  a  great  measure,  unjicquainted 
with  the  best  civilians  of  the  continent,  more  especially  those  of 
recent  date."— Dr.  Irvino. 

'•  He  has.  with  great  perspicuity,  traced  the  progress  of  the  civil 
law  through  a  series  of  near  two  thousand  years.  He  intended, 
in  another  volume,  to  have  continued  his  history  to  a  later  period, 
which  never  was  carried  into  execution." — ^f^lnun's  Lrtyal  Bill. 

Beveridge,  John,  a  native  of  Scotland,  was  in  1758 
appointed  Profcs.-'or  of  Languages  in  the  College  and 
Academy  of  Philadelphia.  He  pub.  in  1715  a  vol.  of  Latin 
poems,  entitled  Epistolte  familiares  et  alia  qutedam  mis- 
eellaneee. 

*'  In  an  address  to  .Tohn  Penn  he  suggests  that  a  conveyance  to 
him  of  some  few  acres  of  good  land  would  be  a  proper  i-eturn  Ibr 
the  poetic  mention  of  the  Penn  family.  The  I^atin  hint  was  lost 
upon  the  Englishman.  The  unrewarded  poet  continued  to  ply 
the  birch  in  the  vain  attempt  to  govern  70  or  80  ungovernable 
bovs." 

Beveridge,  Thomas.  A  Practical  Treatise  on  the 
Forms  of  Process  ;  containing  the  new  regulations  before 
the  Court  of  Sessions,  inner  House,  outer  House,  and  Bill 
Chamber,  the  Court  of  Teinds  and  the  Jury  Court,  Edin., 
2  vols.  8vo,  1826. 

"Mr.  Beveridge's  Treatise  on  the  Forms  of.Tudicial  Proceedings 
in  Scotland,  is  the  best  manual  of  practice  to  which  the  lawyer, 
practitioner,  or  student,  can  refer:  and.  indeed,  it  has  superseded 
every  other  publication  iu  regard  to  our  judicial  procedure." — 
1  Eilin.  L,  r.  cxxxiii. 

Beveridge,  William,  D.D.,  16.',6-'.';7-170S.  was  a 
native  of  Barrow,  in  Loicestcrshii-e,  of  which  parish  his 
grandfather  and  brother  were  successively  vicars.  In 
1653  he  was  admitted  a  sizar  of  St.  John's  College,  Cam- 
bridge. He  applied  himself  with  so  much  assiduity  to  the 
study  of  the  oriental  tongues,  that  at  the  age  of  18,  he  com- 
posed (published  when  he  was  20)  a  treatise  on  their  great 
utility,  entitled  Do  Linguarum  Orientalium,  pr.tscrtim 
Hebraicie,  Chaldaica?,  Syriacas,  Arabica^,  et  Samaritanse, 
Prsestantia  et  Osu,  cum  Grammatica  Syriaca,  tribus  Libris 
tradita  per  G.  Beveridgium,  Lon.,  1658,  8vo.  This  trea- 
tise was  compiled  for  the  use  of  those  who  desired  to  study 
Walton's  Polyglot.  A  2d  edit,  of  the  treatise,  and  also 
of  the  Syriac  Grammar,  was  pub.  in  1654.  In  1660-61  he 
received*  holy  orders,  and  shortly  afterwards  was  collated 
by  Bishop  Sheldon  to  the  vicarage  of  Ealing,  in  Middle- 
sex. In  this  pariah  ho  remained  for  nearly  12  years.  In 
1669  ho  pub.  his  Institutionem  Chronologicarum  Libris  duo 
una  cum  totidem  Arithinetices  Chronologicse  Libellis.  4to. 
"  Professedly  no  more  than  a  manual  of  the  science  of  which  it 
treats,  but  extremely  u.seful  to  those  who  wish  to  understand  its 
technical  part,  being  clear  of  those  obscurities  by  which  Scaliger 
and  Petau  had  embarrassed  it." 

In  1672  he  pub.  his  principal  work, — Synodicon,  sive 
Pandectjo  Canonum  S.  S.  Apostolorum  et  Conciliorum  ab 
Ecclesia  Grajca  receptorura,  <tc.  This  collection  of  the 
Apostolic  Canons,  and  of  the  Decrees  of  the  Councils  re- 
ceived by  the  Greek  Church,  together  with  the  Canonical 
Epistles  of  the  Fathers,  was  pub.  at  Oxford  in  2  large 
folio  volumes. 

"  A  book  to  be  referred  to  on  m.atters  relative  to  the  doctrines 
and  discipline  of  the  Church.  Bp.  Beverid-e  had  a  great  attach- 
ment to  antiquity,  and  thought  the  Apostolical  Canons  were  com- 
posed near  the  end  of  the  second  century — a  much  later  date  is 
generally  assigned  to  them." — Bipkerrteth, 

"  Bishop  Beverid.ge's  notes  contain  much  very  learned  exposition 
of  the  canon  law.  and  much  instructive  matter  on  other  subjects 
connected  with  the  learning  of  the  canons." — V.^N  Espen. 

In  1679  he  pub.  in  Latin  a  vindication  of  the  above- 
named  work,  in  answer  to  some  observations  of  M.  de 
rArroque,  pub.  anonymously.  In  this  year,  also,  ho  pro- 
ceeded to  the  degree  of  D.D.  In  1674  he  was  collated  by 
Bishop  Henchman,  then  Bishop  of  Loudon,  to  the  prebend 
of  Chiswick.  and  in  1681,  Bishop  Compton.  successor  to 
Bishop  Henchman,  collated  him  to  the  Archdeaconry  of 
Colchester.  He  thus  i>rcsented  a  remarkable  instance  of 
the  reception  of  proferment  from  three  successive  Bishops 


BEV 

of'TCondon.  In  1691  he  declined  the  see  of  Bath  and 
Wells,  vacated  by  the  deprivatiou  of  Dr.  Thomas  Ken,  a 
non-juror.  In  1704  he  was  consecrated  Bishop  of  St. 
Asaph.  Here,  as  in  his  former  positions,  he  zealously  la- 
boured for  the  increase  of  piety  in  the  church.  Sermons 
were  preached  on  Sunday  eveuings  in  some  of  the  largest 
churches;  the  custom  of  weekly  communion  was  revived; 
societies  were  established  for  the  suppression  of  vice,  and 
"  the  poor  had  the  gospel  preached  to  them."  Two  socie- 
ties were  established — For  Propagating  the  Gospel  in 
Foreign  Parts,  and  Promoting  Christian  Knowledge, — to 
which  the  bishop  left  the  principal  part  of  his  estate,  and 
which  are  this  day  (1868)  carrying  out  his  pious  intentions. 
Bishop  Beveridge  deservedly  gained  the  title  of  "  the  great 
reviver  and  restorer  of  primitive  piety."  To  aid  his  clergy 
in  the  duty  to  which  he  urged  them  of  thoroughly  ground-*- 
ing  their  people  in  the  fundameutals  of  Christianity,  he 
prepared  and  sent  to  them  The  Church  Catechism  Ex- 
plained; for  the  Use  of  the  Divines  of  St.  Asaph,  Lon., 
1704,  4to;  several  times  reprinted.  After  holding  his  see 
for  about  three  and  a  half  years,  this  good  man  died  in 
his  71st  year  in  his  apartment  in  the  cloister  in  Westmin- 
ster Abbey.  Ho  was  a  widower  without  children.  He  left 
his  library  to  St.  Paul's,  for  the  benefit  of  the  clergy  in 
London.  Among  his  other  bequests  is  one  intended  to 
revive  the  custom  of  daily  public  prayer.  He  bequeathed 
to  the  curacy  of  Mount-Sorrel,  and  vicarage  of  Barrow, 
Leicester,  £20  per  annum  forever,  on  condition  that 
prayers  be  read  morning  and  evening  every  day  according 
to  the  Liturgy  of  the  Church  of  England,  in  the  chapel 
and  parish  church  aforesaid.  A  few  occasional  sermons, 
and  the  Exposition  of  the  Catechism,  are  the  only  works 
pub.  by  the  bishop  in  English.  But  from  his  MSS.  his 
executor,  Mr.  Timothy  Gregory,  pub.  a  number  of  works : 
Thesaurus  Theologicus,  or  a  complete  system  of  Divinity, 
Lon.,  1710,  4  vols.  8vo. 

"  This  system  is  summed  up  in  notes  upon  select  places  of  the 
Old  and  New  Testaments :  wherein  the  s.icred  text  is  reduced  un- 
der proper  heads,  explained  and  illustrated,  with  the  opinions  and 
authorities  of  the  ancient  fathers,  councils,  4c." 

Other  editions,  in  2  vols.,  1816,  '20,  '23,  '28.  150  Ser- 
mons and  Discourses  on  several  subjects,  Lon.,  1709-14, 
12  vols.  12mo;  1720.  2  vols.  fol. 

"  The  Sermons  of  such  as  Bps.  Reynolds  and  Beveridge.  of  Mil- 
ner.  Kicbardsnu.  Simeon.  Ac.  will  furnish  luore  especially  those 
evjingeliial  dnctrines.  which,  clearly  exhibiting  salvation  by  Chi-ist, 
are  alone  eminently  blessed  of  God  in  giving  spiritual  life  to  the 
hearers." — Bickerstetu. 

There  have  been  several  "Selections"  pub.  from  the 
bishop's  sermons  by  Glasse.  Dakins,  Ac.  Private  Thoughts 
upon  Religion,  digested  into  12  Articles,  with  Practical 
Resolutions  framed  thereupon,  Lon..  1709,  8vo.  Nume- 
rous editions.     Written  when  only  23  years  of  age. 

"  Beveridge's  Private  Thoughts  are  most  valuable,  and  fit  to  be 
read  by  a  young  minister." — Dr.  DoddkitiOE. 

"  They  have  been  of  inestimable  service  to  the  Church,  from  the 
deep  piety  and  devotion  and  evangelical  sentiments  of  the  excel- 
lent bishop." — Bn.'KEPvSTETB. 

"  His  work  is  iu  a  strain  of  popular  yet  close  reasoning,  proceed- 
ing from  deep  conviction  of  the  riidical  truths  of  Christianity,  and 
a  devotional  spirit." — Williams. 

The  Private  Thoughts  have  been  edited,  with  introduc- 
tory Essays,  by  Dr.  Chalmers,  1828,  Rev.  11.  Stebbing, 
Ac.  The  latter  adds  the  bishop's  treatise  on  the  Necessity 
and  Advantage  of  Frequent  Communion,  first  pub.  1708, 
8vo.  A  Defence  of  Sternhold's,  Hopkins's,  Ac,  version 
of  the  Book  of  Psalms,  1710,  12mo.  Exposition  of  the 
39  Articles.  The  English  works  of  Bishop  Beveridge 
were  for  the  first  time  collected  and  published  in  9  vols. 
8vo  in  1824  by  the  Rev.  Thomas  llartwcll  Home.  The 
greater  part  of  the  impression  was  destroyed  by  fire. 
Since  the  publication  of  this  edit,  the  MS.  of  the  Exposi- 
tion of  the  last  nine  of  the  thirty-nine  Articles  was  disco- 
vered, and  edited  by  Dr.  Routh.  Another  edit,  was  pub. 
in  12  vols.  8vo.  O.xf..  1844-48;  viz.,  vol.  i.-vi..  1S44-45, 
Sermons.  Vol.  vii..  1845.  On  the  Thirty-nine  Articles.  Vol. 
viii.,  IS46.  On  the  Church  Catechism;  Private  Thoughts; 
On  Puldic  Prayer ;  On  Frequent  Communion  ;  Defence  of 
Sternhold  and'llopkins's  Psalms.  Vol.  ix.,  x.,  1847,  The- 
saurus Theologicus.  Vol.  xi..  xii..  Codex  canonum  Eccle- 
sia; Primitivte  Vindicatns  ac  illustratus ;  Indices  and  Ap- 
pendix. A  more  excellent  person  than  Bishop  Beveridge 
does  not  adorn  the  Fasli  of  the  English  Church. 

"Beveridge's  PracticjU  Works  are  much  like  Henry's,  but  not 
equal  to  his."— Du.  Iiodbridce. 

"  Beveridge  was  a  very  evangelical  practical  bishop,  the  chief 
of  whose  works  bad  the  great  dis^idvantnge  of  posthumous  publi- 
cation."— Bickerstetu. 

"  Tho.se  who  are  censorious  enough  to  reflect  with  severity  upon 
the  pious  strains  which  are  to  be  found  iu  Bishop  Beveridge,  may 


BEV 

pnssihly  ho  ffoad  judges  of  an  ode  or  essay,  hut  do  not  seem  to 
criticise  justly  upon  sermons,  or  express  a  just  value  for  spiritual 
thiuf^s."— Dr.  Utpton.  _ 

"  our  learned  and  venerable  bishop  delivered  himself  with  those 
ornaments  alone,  which  his  subject  suL'L'.stcd  to  him.  and  wrnfe 
in  that  plainness  and  solemnity  ..f  st>Ii'.  tli:it  L'r;ivily  and  simjili- 
fity.  which  cave  authority  t-.  Ibc  sitcnd  trutlis  he  taught,  and 
unanswerable  evidence  to  the  doctrines  he  defended.  There  is 
something  so  great,  primitive,  and  apostolical,  in  bis  writings,  that 
it  creates  an  awe  and  veneration  in  our  mind ;  the  importance  of 
his  subjects  is  above  the  decoration  of  words;  and  what  is  great 
and  majestic  in  itself  looUeth  most  like  itself,  the  less  it  is 
adorned."— Dr.  IIenby  Felton. 

The  author  of  one  of  the  "  Guardians"  makes  an  extract 
from  one  of  the  bishop's  sermons,  and  remarks  that 

"Tt  may  for  acuteness  of  judj^meut.  ornament  of  speech,  and 
true  su>ilimity,  compare  with  any  of  the  choicest  writings  of  the 
ancients  who  lived  nearest  to  the  Apostles'  times." 

Beverley,  Charlotte.     Poems,  Lou..  1792.  8vo. 

Beverley,  John.  Unus  Reformationum  sive  Examen 
Hoornbecki,  &c.,  Lou.,  1659,  8vo, 

Beverley,  John  of.     See  John  op  Bkverlet. 

Beverley,  Peter.  The  History  of  Ariodanto  and 
Jeneura,  [daughter  to  the  King  of  Scots ;  in  English 
verse.]  Lon.,  by  Thus.  East,  12mo,  sine  nnvo ;  again,  in 
KiOO,  with  an  altered  title;  and  see  Warton's  History  of 
Engli.«b  Poetry.    Sold  at  the  Gordonstoun  sale  for  £31  10s. 

Beverley,"  R.  M.  A  Letter  to  the  Abp.  of  York,  on 
the  present  corrupt  State  of  the  Church  uf  England,  8vo; 
12th  edit..  1831. 

'*  This  popular  tract,  written  in  a  bold,  coarse,  Cobbett-like  style 
of  attack,  deals  foi-th  the  most  sweeping  and  bitter  censures  on 
the  whole  body  of  the  national  clergy.  Several  answersappeared.' 
— Lowndes. 

The  Posthumous  Letters  of  the  Rev.  Rabshnkeh  Gath- 
ercoal,  late  Vicar  of  Tuddington,  now  fir.>^t  published,  with 
Explanatory  Notes,  and  dedicated  to  tlie  Lord  Bishop  of 
London,  Lnn.,  1835.  12mo.  This  jeu  d'esprit  is  generally 
attrilnited  to  Mr.  Beverley. 

Beverley,  Thomas,  a  Nonconformist  minister  of  a 
congregation  at  Cutler's  Hall,  London,  pub.  a  number  of 
works  upon  the  Prophecies  and  other  sui)jects,  1670-1701, 
We  quote  the  titles  of  a  few :  The  Prophetical  History  of 
the  Reformation  to  be  performed  in  the  year  1697.  Lon., 
1689,  4to.  The  late  Revolution  to  be  applied  to  the  Spirit 
now  moving  in  fulfilling  of  all  Prophecy,  Lon.  ]689,  4to. 
The  Command  of  God  to  his  People  to  come  out  of  Baby- 
lon, shewn  to  be  a  Command  to  come  out  of  Papal  Rome, 
Lon.,  1689,  4to.  The  Kingdom  of  Jesus  Christ  entering 
its  Succession  at  1697  according  to  a  Callender  of  Time, 
1689,  4to. 

*'  lie  fixed  dat^s  with  great  confidence,  and  lived  to  find  his  cal- 
culations erroneous.  lie  held  the  doctrine  of  the  pre-millennial 
reign  of  Christ  on  earth." — O/c.  Bill. 

See  a  list  of  his  publications  in  Watt's  Rib.  Brit 

Beverley,  Thomas,  Rect.  of  Lilley,  in  Hertford- 
shire. Discourses  on  the  Principles  of  Protestant  Truth 
and  Peace.  Lon.,  1683,  4to. 

Beverly,  John.     Political  Tracts.  1784-93,  1806-11. 

Beverly,  Robert,  d.  1716,  a  native  of  Virginia,  was 
clerk  of  the  council  about  1697,  when  Andros  was  go- 
vernor. History  of  the  Present  State  of  Virginia,  Lon., 
1705,  8vo ;  in  4  parts,  embracing  the  first  settlement  of 
Virginia,  and  the  government  thereof  to  time  when  written. 
An  edit,  was  pub.  with  Gribelin's  14  cuts  in  1722,  and  a 
French  trans.,  with  plates,  1707.  Meusel  erroneously  ex- 
plains *'  R.  B."  in  the  frontispiece  to  signify  R.  Bird  in- 
stead of  Beverly. 

"  This  work  in  the  historical  narration  is  as  cnnriseand  unsatjs- 
fhctorv  as  the  history  of  Stith  is  prolix  and  tedious." — Allen's  Amer. 
Biog.  Diet 

"This  work  cont.Tins  many  pertinent  remarks." — Lowjtpes. 

"A  work  of  ccnsideralile  merit,  particularly  relative  to  the  nu- 
merous Indian  Trili.s.  llien  resident  in  the  State,  but  now  estii-- 
pated  or  greatly  iliniinisbeil." — Pinkerton, 

Beverton,  Simon.     Sermon,  1717.  8vo, 

Bevill,  Robert,  of  the  Inner  Temple.  A  Treatise 
on  the  Law  of  Homicide,  etc.,  1799,  8vo. 

*'  Surely  such  a  publication  must  be  considered  as  unnecessary, 
when  the  Profession  possesses  the  able  and  comprehensive  trea- 
tises of  Chief  Justice  H.ale  and  Sergeant  Hawkins  on  the  Pleas  of 
the  Crown.  The  useless  multiplication  of  law-books  is  an  evil  of 
which  we  have  frequent  cause  to  complain  ;  and  wo  shall  persevere 
in  expressing  our  disapprobation,  till  the  nuisance  be  in  some  mear 
sure  removed." — Lon.  Monthly  Hevieiv,  1799, 

What  would  the  indignant  reviewer  say  if  he  were  liv- 
ing now  ?  And  how  ill  could  we  afford  to  lose  the  legal 
lure  of  the  last  half  century  ! 

Bevin,  ElAVay,  an  eminent  English  musician,  flou- 
rished in  the  reigns  of  Queen  Elizabeth  and  James  I.,  pub. 
a  Briefe  and  Short  Instruction  of  the  Art  of  Musicke  to 
teach  how  to  make  Discant  of  all  Proportions  that  are  in 
uscj  Ac.,  1631,  4to. 


BIO 

"  Before  Hevln's  time  the  precepts  for  the  composition  of  canons 
Were  known  to  few.  Tallis,  Bird.  Waterhouse.  and  Farmer  were 
eminently  skilled  in  this  most  abstruse  part  of  musical  practice. 
Every  canon,  as  given  to  the  public,  was  a  kind  of  eni'^ma.  Com- 
ju'sitions  of  this  kind  were  sometimes  exhibited  in  the  form  of  a 
iiuss,  M'metimes  in  that  of  a  circle;  there  is  now  extant  one  re- 
siinMin;;  a  horizontal  sun-dial,  and  the  resolution  (as  it  was 
cnlkd)  of  a  canon,  which  was  the  resolving  it  into  its  elements, 
and  reihiciut;  it  into  score,  was  deemed  a  work  of  almost  as  great 
difficulty  jis  the  original  composition." — Hawkins's  Hist,  of  Muxic. 

Bevis,  John,  1695-1771,  an  eminent  astronomer,  was 
a  native  of  Wiltshire.  He  pub.  in  1767  an  Inquiry  con- 
cerning the  Mineral  Waters  at  Bagniggc  Wells,  and  con- 
tributed a  number  of  articles  to  the  Phil.  Trans.,  17:i7-69. 

Bewiek,  Beuj.  Earthquake  at  Cadiz,  Phil.  Trans. 
1755. 

Bewick,  John.     Theolog.  works,  Lon.,  1642,  '44.  '60. 

Bewick,  Thomas,  1753-1828.  This  eminent  en- 
grave may  claim  a  place  amongst  authors  from  his  hav- 
ing written  some  of  the  descriptions  in  his  History  of 
British  Birds,  &c.,  and  from  his  MS.  Memoirs  of  himself 
and  family,  whieh  are  said  to  be  written  "with  great 
naivete,  and  lull  of  anecdote." 

"  I  have  Seen  how  his  volumes  are  loved,  and  treasured,  and 
reverted  to,  time  after  time,  in  many  a  country-house ;  the  more 
familiar,  the  more  prized;  the  oftener  seen,  theoftener  desired." — 
W.  HmoiWs  Rurol  Life  in  Eng. 

"Open  the  work  where  ye  will,  only  look  at  the  bird,  his  atti- 
tude, his  eye — is  he  not  alive?  I  actually  and  ardently  aver,  that 
I  have  tra/ed  till  I  have  readily  ima;;ined  motion,  ay,  colour!  .  . . 
Each  bird,  too,  has  his  character  most  physio;,'nomically  marked. 
.  .  .  The  moral  habits  of  each  are  as  distinctly  marked  as  had  he 
painted  portraits  of  individuals  for  Lavater." — Fvfmi  a  vpry  ivk- 
resting  account  of  Bennck  am!  his  methods  of  working  by  J.  F.  M.  Do- 
vaalim,  in  Loudon's  Mag.  of  JYat  Hint.,  vols.  ii.  and  iii. 

See  a  descriptive  Catalogue  of  the  Works  of  Messrs. 
Bewick  appended  to  the  Select  Fables;  Newcastle,  1820, 
8vo ;  also  refer  to  Lowndes's  Bibliographer's  Manual. 

Bcwicke,  Robert.  Tables  of  Exchanges,  2  vols. 
4to,  Lon.,  1802. 

Bewley,  Richard,  M.D.  A  Treatise  on  Air,  Lon., 
1791,  Svo. 

*■■  This  Doctor  Bewley  has  so  warmly  espoused  the  theory,  and 
has  so  perfectly  hit  off  the  peculiar  (we  had  almost  said  the  inimi- 
t'dilr)  style  and  manners  of  our  old  acquaintance.  Doctor  Harring- 
ton, that  we  suspect  he  is  no  other  than  Dr.  H.  himself:  who,  pos- 
siblv.  thinks,  under  the  fictitious  sanction  of  a  respectable  name, 
to  obtain  greater  attention  than  he  could,  perhaps,  have  attracted 
under  his  own." — Lon.  Monthly  Hcview. 

Bibancl,  Francois  Marie  Uncas  Maximilian, 

LL.D.,  born  in  Montronl.  Cjuiada.  1824,  Law  Professor 
in  the  Jesuits'  College,  Montreid.  distinguished  Canadian 
writer.  Among  his  numerous  works  are  the  following: 
Six  Indian  Biographies  in  the  Eneyolopedie  Canadienne, 
184.3.  Sixty-four  articles  in  the  Melange  Religieuse  of 
Montreal,  1845.  Biographic  des  Sagamos  Illustres  de 
PAmerique  Septentrionale,  Preeedee  d'un  Index  de  I'His- 
toire  fabuleuse  de  ce  Continent,  Montreal,  Lowell  &  Gib- 
son, 1848,  Svo.  Cat^chisme  de  l'Hi^toire  du  Canada,  il 
Pusnge  des  T'coles,  Montreal,  1853,  18mo,  kc.  ic. 

Bibaiid,  Michel,  born  at  Montreal  in  1782.  Al- 
though a  British  subject,  his  works  have  all  been  written 
in  the  French  language.  La  Bibliotheque  Canadienne,  5 
vols.  8vo.  L'Observateur,  2  vols.  Svo.  Le  Magasin  du  Bas- 
Canada,  Svo.  L'Encyclopedie  Canadienne,  8vo.  L'His- 
toire  du  Canada  sous  la  Domination  Fran^aise  History 
of  Canada  under  the  English  Dominion,  vol.,  1. 

Bibb,  George  M.  Reports  of  Cases  at  Common 
Law  and  in  (.'baneery  in  the  Court  of  Appeals  of  Ken- 
tucky. lSOS-17.  4  vols.  Svo;  Frankfort,  Ky.,  1815-17. 

Biber,  G.  E.,  LL.D.,  perpetual  Curate  of  Roch- 
ampton.  English  Church  on  the  Continent,  Lon.,  1S46, 
12mo.  Sermons,  Occasional  and  for  Saints'  Days,  1846, 
Svo.  Standard  of  Catholicity,  1840,  Svo.  Supremacy 
Question.  Svo.  Vindication  of  the  Church,  Svo.  Bishop 
Blomfield  and  his  Times.  Svo. 

Bicheno,  J.  £•  Observations  on  the  Philosophy  of 
Criminal  Jurisprudence,  tfec,  Lon.,  1S19,  Svo.  The  Poor 
Laws,  p.  Svo.     Ireland  and  its  Economy,  1S29,  p.  Svo. 

Bicheno,  James.    Theolog.  works.  Lon.,  1787-1810. 

Bickerstaff,  Isaac,  bom  probably  about  1735.  was 
a  native  of  Ireland.  At  one  time  he  held  a  commission  as 
an  officer  of  Marines.  He  was  the  author  of  many  come- 
dies, farces,  &e.,  which  were  great  favourites  with  the  pub- 
lic: 1.  Leucotbe,  1756.  2.  Thomas  and  Sally,  &c.,  1760. 
3.  Love  in  a  Village,  1763.  4.  Judith,  1764.  *5.  The  Maid 
of  the  Mill.  1765.  6.  Daphne  and  Amintor,  1765.  7. 
The  Plain  Dealer,  1766.  8.  Love  in  the  Citv,  17G7.  9. 
Lionel  and  Clarissa,  1768.  10.  The  Abscnt"Man,  1768. 
11.  The  Royal  Garland,  1768.  12.  The  Podlock,  1768. 
13.  The  Hypocrite,  1768.  14.  The  Ephesian  Matron,  1760. 
15.  Dr.  Last  in  his  Chariot,  1760.     16.  The  Captive,  1769. 

lb5 


BIC 


BID 


17.  A  Sehool  for  Fathers,  1770.  18.  'Tis  Well  it's  no 
AVorse,  1770.  19.  The  Recruiting  SerKeant,  1770.  20. 
He  Would  if  he  Could,  &e.,  1771.  21.  The  Sultan,  1775. 
To  him  also  has  been  ascribed,  22.  The  Spoiled  Child, 
1805. — Biog.  Dramat.  Mr.  BiekerstafTs  pieces  present  a 
combination  of  excellencies  seldom  found  in  conjunction. 
Bickersteth,  Edward,  1786-1850.  a  native  of  Kirk- 
by  Lonsdale,  practised  as  a  lawyer  in  Norwich  from  1S12 
to  1815.  He  took  holy  orders  in  the  latter  year,  and  be- 
came a  zealous  labourer  in  connection  with  The  Church 
Missionary  Society  and  other  useful  departments  of  Chris- 
tian eflfort  He  continued  in  London  until  1830,  when  he 
was  presented  to  the  living  of  Walton,  where  he  proved 
himself  a  most  laborious  and  useful  parish  minister.  He 
died  at  Walton  in  1850.  Mr.  Bickersteth  publii'hcd  a  num- 
ber of  valuable  theological  works,  some  of  which  we  pro- 
ceed to  notice.  A  uniform  edition  of  his  principal  works, 
in  17  vols.  fp.  8vo,  was  pub.  in  1S53.  It  comprises  Chris- 
tian Truth.  The  Christian  Student,  Scripture  Help,  Treat, 
on  the  Lord'.-;  Supper,  Treat,  on  Prayer,  Tbe  Chief  Concerns 
of  Man,  Family  Expositions  of  the  Epistles  of  St.  John  and 
St.  Jude,  Christian  Hearer's  Family  Prayers,  Signs  of  the 
Times  in  the  East,  Promised  Glory  of  the  Church,  Restora- 
tion of  the  Jews,  Practical  Guide  to  the  Prophecies,  Treat, 
on  Baptism,  The  Divine  Warning  to  the  Church,  <fec.  To 
these  17  vols,  must  be  added  the  5  vols,  of  his  smaller  works. 
The  Scripture  Help,  designed  to  assist  in  reading  the 
Bible  profitably,  has  long  proved  a  most  useful  manual : 

"  This  work  is  professedly  a  practical  introduction  to  the  read- 
ing of  the  Sci-iptures.  The  sale  of  30,000  copies  of  the  large  edi- 
tions, and  of  mor«  than  l:i0.000  copies  of  the  12mo  and  ISmo 
abr  id  laments,  suffiriently  attests  the  hiir;h  estimatinn  in  which  this 
manual  is  deservedly  held.  It  has  been  translated  and  puljlished 
in  the  French  and  modern  Greek  languages." — Home's  Introductwn. 
Since  the  above  was  written,  a  large  number  of  copies 
have  been  sold.  The  Christian  Student,  designed  to  assist 
Christians  in  general  in  acquiring  Religious  Knowledge; 
with  Lists  of  Books  adapted  to  the  various  Classes  of  So- 
ciety; 4th  edit,  corrected,  1844. 

"  A  most  valuable  little  work,  to  which  the  compiler  of  these  pages 
is  under  the  greatest  obligations." — Lowndes's  British  Librarian. 
A  Discourse  on  Justification  by  Faith,  Ac,  1827. 
**  It  is  a  plain,  judicious,  and  practical  discourse." — Lowndes. 
A  Treatise  on  the  Lord's  Supper. 

"Seven  editions  of  this  popular  and  truly  excellent  treatise  have 
been  published.  It  is  divided  into  two  parts — the  first  is  designed 
to  explain  the  doctrines  connected  with  that  ordinance;  and  the 
second  to  assist  the  communicant  in  devoutly  receiving  it.  It 
likewise  forms  a  portion  of  the  Christian's  Family  Library." 

"  Mr.  Bickersteth's  Sermons  are  excellent.  They  are  plain  and 
simple ;  there  is  nothing  ambitious  or  high-wrought  about  them, 
and  they  are  throughout  very  scriptural." — Presb.  Iiev. 

A  Practical  Guide  to  the  Prophecies,  with  reference  to 
their  Interpretation  and  Fulfilment,  and  to  Personal  Edi- 
fication, 6th  edit,  enlarged,  Lon.,  1839. 

*'  A  most  trustworthy  guide;  it  is  the  completest  and  most  com- 
prehensive manual  upon  the  subject  extant,  and  the  tone  in  which 
it  is  written  is  altogether  Christian.  It  forms  an  admirable  textr 
book  for  the  students  of  prophecy." — Lowxdes. 

"  The  fact  that,  within  a  few  years.  Mr.  Bickersteth's  Guide  has 
reached  a.  fifth  edition,  is  of  itself  sufficient  to  prove  the  command- 
ing attitude  which  it  maintains.  The  popularity  of  the  work, 
however,  is  in  some  measure  to  be  attributed  to  the  deservedly 
high  standing  of  the  pious  and  zealous  author  among  the  mem- 
bers of  his  own  communion,  and  the  deeply  practical  character 
with  whi'_h  he  has  succeeded  in  investing  the  topics  of  discussion. 
Bating  this  feature,  which  we  cannot  too  highly  commend,  we  are 
sorry  in  being  obliged  to  give  it  as  our  opinion,  that  we  consider 
the  writer  to  have  greatly  retrograded  in  his  views  since  last  he 
ame  under  our  notice.  lie  now  believes  in  a  prcmilk-nnial  per- 
sonal advent  of  Christ,  and  that  he  will  so  dwell  on  earth  as  to  be 
visible  in  his  glory:  and  so  important  does  he  regard  the  doctrine, 
that  he  scruples  not  to  desisnate  \i  the  generation  truth.  He  ex- 
pects a  personal,  visihlAj  by  which  we  suppose  he  means  an  indi- 
vidual, antichrist,  to  head  the  last  apostasy.  lie  is  of  opinion, 
that  the  Jews,  when  converted,  are  to  be  the  eminent} ii  successful 
missionarief:  to  the  Gentiles,  and  are  those  for  whom  their  univer- 
sal conversion  is  reserved.  He  thinks  that  the  first  resurrection 
(Rev.  XX.)  is  a  literal  rather  than  ,a  spiritual  one.  He  has  given 
up  the  views  which  he  firmerly  entertained  respecting  a  merely 
spiritual  and  universal  kingdom  of  Christ.  His  notions  of  Hades, 
p.  313.  seem  very  different  from  what  we  believe  he  once  taught 
respecting  the  glorv  of  that  state  of  blessedness  to  which  believers 
are  at  death  immediately  admitted.  Whatever  edification  its  readers 
may  derive  from  the  pious  tone  and  practical  character  of  the 
book,  certain  we  are.  it  will  be  found  a  very  unsafe  guide  to  the 
just  apprehension  of  the  meaning  of  Scripture  prophecy." — Evan- 
gelical M'tg..  1S38. 

The  Christian  Fathers  of  the  First  and  Second  Centu- 
ries, edited  by  E.  B.,  Lon.,  1838.  This  work  contains  their 
principal  remains  at  large,  with  selections  from  their  other 
writings.  The  Letters  of  the  Martyrs  ;  collected  and  pub. 
in  1564,  with  a  Preface  by  Miles  Coverdalo,  and  with  in- 
troductory Remarks  by  E.  B.,  Lon.,  1837,  8vo. 

The  Christian's  Family   Librarv-,  40  vols,  12dio:   con- 
18fi 


eisting  of  Biog.,  Hist.,  Pract.,  and  Devotional  Works,  Ori- 
ginal and  Selected.  Mr.  B.  also  edited  The  Harmony  of 
the  Gospels,  Christian  Psalmody,  and  the  Walton  Tracts. 

''  Mr.  Bickersteth  is  justly  entitled  to  rank  among  the  most  use- 
ful writers  of  the  present  day.  His  name  is  no  inconsiderable 
recommendation  of  any  work,  and  no  slight  security  for  its  ex- 
cellence." 

Bickerton,  G*  Accurate  Disquisitions  in  Physic, 
Lon.,  1719,  8vo. 

Bickham,  George.  First  Principles  of  Heraldry, 
Lon.,  (1742.)  8vo. 

"  A  work  of  no  value,  consisting  of  pp.  12.  The  title  as  well  as- 
the  whole  book  is  engraved." — Lowndes. 

Universal  Penman,  Lon.,  1743,  fol.,  engraved.  British. 
Monarchy,  Lon.,  1748.     Other  works. 

Bicknell,  Alex.  Hist,  and  Poet.  Works,  Lon.,  1777-92. 

Bicknell,  J.  L.    Proceedings  against  G.  Wilson,  Svo. 

Bicknoll^  Edm.  Sworde  against  Swaryng,  Lon.,  8vo. 

Biddle,  Charles  J.,  b.  1819,  at  Philadelphia,  son  of 
Nicholas  Biddle,  served  in  the  United  States  Army  during 
the  war  with  Mexico;  wrote  The  Case  of  Major  Andre, 
in  Memoirs  of  Historical  Society  of  Peuna.,  vol.  vi. :  seei 
Mahon,  Philip  Henry,  Loud,  No.  3,  p.  1204,  (post.) 

Biddle,  Clement  Cornell,  1784^-1854,  edited  Po- 
litical Economy,  from  the  French  of  J.  B.  Say,  by  C.  R. 
Prinsep,  Bost.,  1821,  2  vols.  8vo ;  last  ed.,  Phila.,  1851, 
Svo.     Commended  by  Dugald  Stewart,  1824. 

Biddle,  John,  1615-1662,  a  noted  Socinian  writer, 
was  born  at  Woottou-under-Edge,  in  Gloucestershire,  and 
educated  at  Magdalen  College,  Oxford.  After  suffering 
imprisonment  for  his  publications,  he  was  banished  by 
Cromwell  to  the  castle  at  St.  Mary's,  one  of  the  Scilly 
Islands.  He  was  restored  to  liberty  in  1658,  and  returned 
to  London.  When  only  19  he  pub.  Virgil's  Bucolicks 
Englished ;  whereunto  is  added  The  Translation  of  the 
First  Two  Satyrs  of  Juvenal,  Lon.,  1634,  Svo.  In  1647 
he  pub.  Twelve  Arguments  on  Questions  drawn  out  of  the 
Scripture,  wherein  the  commonly  received  Opinion  touch- 
ing the  Deity  of  the  Holy  Spirit  is  clearly  and  fully  Re- 
futed, Lon.,  4to.  This  work  caused  his  imprisonment,  and 
he  was  summoned  to  the  bar  of  the  House  of  Commons, 
by  which  a  resolution  was  passed, 

"  That  the  house  being  acquainted  with  a  blasphemous  Pamphlet 
in  print,  entitled,  &c.  by  John  Biddle,  JIaster  of  .\rts.  ail  printed 
copies  should  be  seized  and  burned  by  the  common  hangman,  in 
Cheapside  and  at  Westminster." 

In  1648  he  pub.  A  Confession  of  Faith  touching  the 
Holy  Trinity,  according  to  Scripture ;  for  this  and  another 
work.  The  Testimony  of  the  Fathers  to  these  Doctrines, 
the  author  was  sentenced  to  death.  This  sentence  was 
not  put  in  execution,  but  he  was  again  imprisoned.  The 
Confession  of  Faith  was  reviewed  by  Nic.  Estwick,  B.D., 
Lon.,  1656,  4to.  In  1654  he  pub.  A'Brief  Scripture  Cate- 
chism, Lon.,  Svo.  This  was  answered  by  Dr.  John  Owen 
in  his  Vindiciie  Evangelicai ;  or  the  Mystery  of  the  Gospel 
Vindicated  against  the  Socinians,  «tc.,  Oxf.,  1655,  4to. 
Cloppenburgius  also  attacked  Biddle  in  his  Vindiciee  pro 
Deitate  Spiritus  Sancti;  adversus  Joan.Bidellum  Anglum. 
Francf.,  1652,  4to,  etc.  Biddle  also  pub.  A  Twofold  Scrip- 
ture Catechism,  Lon.,  1654,  12mo,  and  History  of  the 
Unitarians,  also  called  Socinians,  and  some  comments  on 
the  Revelation.  See  his  Life  by  Rev.  Joshua  Toulmin, 
(1789,  Svo.)  who  styles  him  the  Fatber  of  the  English 
Unitarians. 

"  lie  had  in  him  a  sharp  and  quick  judgment,  and  a  prodigious 
memory  :  and  being  very  industrious  withal,  was  in  a  cap.icity  of 
devouring  all  he  read.  He  was  wonderfully  well  versed  in  the 
Scriptures,  and  could  not  only  repeat  all  St.  Paul's  epistles  in  I'ng- 
lish.  but  also  in  tbe  Greek  tongue,  which  made  him  a  ready  dis- 
putant. He  was  accounted  by  those  of  his  persuasion  a  sober  man 
in  his  discourse,  and  to  have  uothiug  of  impiety,  folly,  or  scui-^ 
rility  to  proceed  from  him :  Also,  so  devout,  that  he  seldom  or 
never  prayed  without  being  prostrate  or  flat  on  the  ground." — ■ 
Athen.  Oxim. 

Biddle,  Nicholas,  17S6-1844,  a  native  of  Philadel- 
phia, and  graduate  of  Princeton  College,  was  an  energetic 
member  of  the  legislature  of  Pennsylvania,  and  held  the 
post  of  President  of  the  L^nited  States  Bank  from  1823  to 
1839.  Mr.  Biddlo's  literary  taste  was  of  a  high  order. 
He  edited  for  some  time  the  Philadelphia  Port-Folio,  and 
contributed  many  articles  to  its  pages.  He  compiled  from 
the  original  papers  a  history  of  Lewis  and  Clarke's  expe- 
dition to  the  Pacific  Ocean,  and  prepared  by  request  of 
the  President  of  the  United  States  a  volume  put  forth  by 
Congress,  entitled  Commercial  Digest,  Ac.  A  number 
of  his  Essays,  Speeches,  &q.  have  been  given  to  the 
world,  and  evince  great  vigour  of  mind  and  classical  tast*i 
of  no  ordinary  character.  A  well-written  biographical 
sketch  of  Mr.  Riddle,  by  Judge  Robt.  T.  Conrad,  of  Phila., 
will  be  found  in  the  American  National  Portrait  Gallery, 


B!ED 


BIG 


Biddle,  Owen.  Astronom.  Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1769, 
and  h)  Trau.s.  Auu-r.  Sue,  17S9. 

Biddle,  Richard,  1796-1847,  brother  of  Nicholas, 
was  emineDt  a:^  au  author,  a  jurist,  and  a  statesman.  A 
Review  of  Captain  Baeil  Hall's  Travels  in  Xorth  America 
in  the  Years  1827  and  1S2S,  by  an  American,  1S3U,  Svo. 
A  Memoir  of  Sebastian  Cabot;  with  a  Review  of  the  His- 
tory of  Maritime  Discovery,  illustrated  by  Documents 
from  the  Rolls,  now  tirst  published,  Phila.  and  Luu.,  1831, 
Svo;  Lon.,  1832:  anon. 

"  A  most  elaborate  and  successful  examination  into  the  records 
of  the  past,  for  the  sake  of  doing  justice  to  the  character  of  an 
eminent  man,  whose  merits  have  been  straugely  iiVL-r!niiki-.I  by 
most  historians  and  biographers.  The  author  has  iircamplishrd 
his  task  with  signal  ability,  and  has  dispelled  the  i1;u  kii'-^-;  which 
prejudice  and  carelessness  had  suffered  to  gather  over  thu  lair  fame 
of  a  great  navigator."  See  a  review  of  this  work  by  Mr.  G.  S. 
Hill-u-d  in  the  N.  American  Review,  xxxiv.  405. 

See  also  AVestm.  Kev..  xvi.  22;  Lon.  Month.  Rev.,  cxsv. 
514;  Lon.  AtbenLVum,  1847,  939. 

Biddulph,  Thomas  Tregenna,  1763-18.38.  was  a 
native  of  Claines  in  Worcestershire.  He  was  of  Queen's 
College,  Oxford;  B.  A.,  1784;  M.  A.,  1787.  He  was  or- 
dained deacon  1785,  priest,  1788.  Ho  was  minister  of  St. 
James's  from  1798  until  his  death  in  1838.  His  character 
commended  him  to  the  love  and  esteem  of  all  men. 

Practical  Essays  ou  the  Morning  and  Evening  Services 
and  Collects  in  the  Liturgy,  1799,  12mo,  5  vols.  2d  edit., 
1810.  3  vols.     3d  edit,  1822,  8vo,  3  vols. 

•■The  whole  are  distinguished  for  their  spirit  of  piety  and  at- 
tention to  practical  utility." — British  Critic. 

"These  Essays  have  already  received  a  very  honourable  testi- 
mony from  the  British  Critic;  such,  however,  is  the  importance  of 
their  object,  and  the  ability  with  which  that  object  is  pursued  by 
their  author,  that  we  are  anxious  to  introduce  and  recommend 
them  to  those  of  our  readers  who  may  not  be  already  acquainted 
with  them." — Lmidrm  Chri'itian  Oiimrver. 

*■  These  Essays  have  been  read  with  pleasure  and  iuiprovement 
by  many  whose  opinions  do  not  altogether  accord  with  those  of  > 
Mr.  Biddulph." — Lmitiim  Quarterly  Beview. 

Letter  to  John  Hay,  1801,  Svo.  An  Appeal  to  the  Public 
Impartiality,  1801,  Svo.  Sermons.  1801,  '3,  '4,  'o.  Bap- 
tism a  Seal  of  the  Christian  Covenant,  &c.,  (in  opposition 
to  Dr.  Mant.)  1816,  Svo.  See  Considerations  on  the  Doc- 
trine of  Baptism,  and  on  Conversion,  as  connected  with 
the  Evang.  Discbarge  of  the  Pastoral  Function,  Lou.,  1816, 
Svo.  This  is  a  Review  of  the  publications  of  the  Rev. 
Dr.  Mant,  and  Messrs.  Biddulph,  Scott,  and  Bugg,  re- 
printed from  the  Eclectic  Review  for  May  and  June.  1816. 

Search  after  Truth  in  Holy  Scriptures,  Bristol,  1818,  Svo. 
Lectures  on  the  Divine  Influence  or  Operations  of  the  Holy 
Spirit,  Bristol,  1824,  Svo. 

'' Many  valuable  and  excellent  remarks  on  the  history  of  the 
influence  of  the  Spirit." — Bickebsteth. 

An  Essay  ou  the  Doctrine  of  the  First  Resurrection, 
Lon.,  1834,  Svo. 

'■  Though  the  author  has  come  to  a  different  conclusion,  he  gladly 
records  that  the  strength  of  the  argument  for  a  spiritual  resurrec- 
tion is  here  stated  in  the  meekness  of  wisdom  and  love." — Bicker- 

STETH. 

The  Doctrine  of  Baptismal  Regeneration  as  it  has  been 
stated  in  some  recent  tracts,  weighed  in  the  Biilance 
of  the  Sanctuary.  In  three  Dialogues,  Lon.,  1837,  Svo. 
The  Young  Churchman  Armed;  a  Catechism  for  junior 
members  of  the  Church  of  England,  Lon.,  1836,  18mo. 
Plain  and  Practical  Sermons,  intended  chiefly  for  Family 
Reading  and  Parochial  Libraries.  Three  series,  Lon.,  1838, 
12mo.  Theology  of  the  Ancient  Patriarchs,  (a  defence  of 
the  Hutchinsouian  Philosophy.)  2  vols.  Svo.  Inconsist- 
ency of  Conformity  to  the  World,  12mo.  Lectures  on 
Psalm  li.  12mo. 

Biddulph,  Will,  and  Pet.  Travels  of  four  Eng- 
lishmen and  a  Preacher  into  Africa,  Asia,  Troy,  Bythinia, 
Thracia,  and  to  the  Black  Sea;  and  into  Syria,  Ac,  Lon., 
1612.  4to;  Black  letter.     Gordonstoun,  383,  £4  5*. 

Bidin^field,  James,  Surgeon.  A  Compendium  of 
Medical  Practice;  illustrated  by  Cases,  1816,  Svo. 

Bidlake,  John,  1755-1S14,  born  at  Plymouth,  edu- 
cated at  Christ  Church,  Oxford,  and  head-master  of  the 
Grammar  School  at  Plymouth.  He  pub,  a  number  of  ser- 
mons, poems,  i'c,  1787-1813.  Sermons  on  various  Sub- 
jects, 3  vols,  1795,  Svo. 

''  Agreeable  effusions  of  pulpit  oratory." — Lowndes. 

Dr.  Drake,  a  good  authority,  speaks  highly  of  Bidlake's 
poems. 

Bidulpli,  Miss  Sidney.  Memoirs,  1760, 3  vols,  12mo. 

Bidwell,  R.     Covenant  of  Grace,  Lon.,  1657,  12mo. 

Bielefeld,  C.  F.  Treatise  on  Papier  Mache  for 
Decorations,  Lon..  4to.  £2  2a. 

Bieston,  Roger.  Bayt«  and  Snare  of  Fortune,  Lon., 
fob,  Sykes,  £3  1U».;  Inglis",  17«. 


Bifield.     Pco  Byfielp. 

ISi^elow,  Andrew,  of  Massachusetts.  Leaves  from 
a  Jcmrnal ;  or.  Sketches  of  Rambles  in  some  parts  of  North 
Britain  and  Ireland  in  1817  j  Bost.  1821,  Svo. 

"  We  have  read  these  Sketches  with  j;reat  and  increasing  pleap 
sure,  and  "no  kuow  of  few  works  of  a  similar  character  executed 
in  a  happier  manner.  The  style  is  ori;nnal.  chaste,  and  classical; 
and  thti  manner  lively,  buoyant,  and  what  some  cri(i'?s  would  call 
refreshiuf;-  His  Excursion  from  Edinburgh  to  Dublin  will  bear 
to  be  read  over  and  over  again  with  renewed  pleasure  and  dL'lit,'ht, 
So  will  also  his  Tour  to  Loch  Katrine  and  the  Grampians;  bis 
Visit  to  the  Grave  of  Colonel  Gardiner;  his  Pili^rimage  to  Melrose 
and  Drybuffih  Abbey;  but  particularly  his  Day  in  Lorn.  The  lat^- 
ter  is  exquisitely  romantic;  and  whoever  can  read  it  without  plea- 
sure, can  never  hope  to  derive  pleasure  from  works  of  a  descriptive 
and  romantic  character." — European  Mufjazine. 

This  work  has  also  been  favourably  noticed  in  the  Lite- 
rary Gazette;  Literary  Chronicle;  La  Belle  Assemblce; 
Mnnth.  Mag.,  Ac.  Ac.  Travels  in  Malta  and  Sicily,  ISol, 
Svo.     Commended  in  Prescott's  Philip  II.,  1856,  ii.  504. 

Bigelow,  Artemas,  b.  1818,  in  Mass.;  grad.  "Wes- 
lejau  Univ. ;  botanist  and  scientific  writer.  Contrib,  Saud- 
stouc  Formation  of  Alabama,  in  Silliman's  Journal,  Ac. 

Bigelow,  George  Tyler,  and  George  Bemis. 
Report  of  the  Trial  of  Abner  Rogers  for  Murder,  Boston, 
1844.  Svo. 

Bigelow,  Jacob,  M.D..  LL.D.,  b.  1787,  at  Sudbury, 
Mass.;  graduated  at  Harvard  College,  1806  ;  Rumford  Pro- 
fessor, and  Lecturer  on  Materia  Medica  and  Botany,  ia 
Harvard  University  since  1816.  Florula  Bostoniensis :  a 
Collection  of  Plants  of  Boston  and  its  Environs,  &.Q.,  Boston, 
1814,  Svo;  2d  ed..  greatly  enlarged,  Boston.  1824,  Svo;  3d 
ed.,  enlarged,  Boston,  1840,  12mo,  pp.  468.  American 
Medical  Botany,  Cambridge,  Mass..  1817-21,  r.  Svo,  3  vols., 
1817.     See  Lon.  Phil,  Mag.  for  1817. 

'•"We  have  no  hesitation  in  saying  explicitly  that  the  work  just 
analyzed  has  advanced  the  science  to  which  it  has  been  devoted, 
and  that  we  look  forward  with  earnestness  for  the  remaining 
volumes." — iV.  Ama\  Rev.,  vi.  368. 

"  We  find  that  be  has  not  only  described  the  botanical  properties 
of  his  plants  with  great  accuracy, — which  is  more  than  can  be  said 
of  his  predecessors, — but  he  has  also  done  it  with  perspicuity  and 
elepince  of  expression.'' — N.  Amer.  Rev.,  xiii.  123. 

The  Useful  Arts  Considered  in  Connexion  with  the  Ap- 
plications of  Science,  Bost..  1840,  2  vols.  12mo.  This  is 
an  enlargement  of  a  similar  work  vrhich  appeared  under 
the  title  of  The  Elements  of  Technology.  Nature  in  Diseasa 
Illustrated  in  Various  Discoveries  and  Essays  ;  to  which  are 
added  Miscellaneous  Writings,  chiefly  on  Medical  Subjects, 
Bost.,  1854,  pp.  391.  Dr.  Bigelow  edited,  with  Notes,  Sir 
J.  E.  Smith's  Botany,  1814,  Svo,  was  one  of  the  contributors 
to  the  Monthly  Anthology,  and  is  the  author  of  many  grace- 
ful and  witty  pieces  of  poetry  which  have  irom  time  to 
time  appeared.  He  is  the  reputed  author  of  a  poetical 
Jen  (Vesprit,  containing  imitations  of  several  American 
poets,  under  the  title  of  Eolopoesis,  N.  York,  12mo. 

Bigelow,  John,  b.  1817,  at  Maiden,  Ulster  county. 
New  York  ;  associate  editor  and  proprietor  of  the  New 
York  Evening  Post.  Jamaica  in  1850,  or  the  Effects  of 
Sixteen  Years  of  Freedom  on  a  Slave  Colony.  Mr.  B.  haa 
contributed  to  the  N.  York  Review  and  the  Democratic 
Review.  His  articles  on  Constitutional  Reform,  originally 
pub.  in  the  last-named  periodical,  were  subsequently  issued 
in  pamphlet  form.  To  the  same  journal  he  contributed  an 
article  on  Lucian,  a  review  of  Anthon's  Classical  Dic- 
tionary, and  a  rejoinder  to  Prof.  Anthon's  reply. 

BigeloAV,  Lewis.  A  Digest  of  the  Reported  Cases 
in  the  Supreme  .Judicial  Court  of  Massachusetts,  contained 
in  the  17  vols,  of  Mass.  Reports,  and  the  1st  of  Picker- 
ing's Reports.     2d  ed.  Svo,  Boston,  1825. 

"The  author  does  not,  as  we  conceive,  draw  the  line  with  suffi- 
cient distinctness  between  the  points  of  a  case  whiib  aie  solemnly 
decided  as  law,  and  the  obiter  dicta  of  the  Court.,  their  queries, 
extra-judicial  remarks,  and  opinions  delivered  arguendo." — 3  U.  S. 
Rev.  201. 

A  Digest  of  Pickering's  Reports,  vols,  ii.-vii.,  being  a  sup. 
to  the  Digest  of  the  previous  volumes  of  the  Mass.  Re- 
ports, Svo,  Boston,  1830. 

"  The  above  digests  are  now  superseded  by  Miuof  s  Digest,  q.  v." 
— JUaj-^'in's  Legal  Bill. 

Bigelow,  Timothy,  1767-1S21.  was  a  son  of  Colonel 
Timothy  Bigelow,  who  served  in  Arnold's  expedition  to 
Quebec,  and  commanded  the  16th  regiment  in  the  Revo- 
lutionary War.  The  subject  of  this  notice  was  born  at 
Worcester,  Massachusetts,  graduated  at  Harvard  College 
in  1786,  and  commenced  the  practice  of  the  Law  in  1789, 
at  Groton.  He  was  a  prominent  member  of  the  legisla- 
ture for  more  than  20  years,  and  for  11  years  was  the 
speaker  of  the  House  of  Representatives. 

"A  learned,  eloquent,  and  popular  lawyer.  It  has  been  com- 
puted that  during  a  practice  of  thirty-two  years  he  argued  not  less 
than  15,000  cases.    His  usual  antagonist  was  Samuel  Dana.    Over 

187 


BIG 

the  assembly  of  six  or  seven  hundred  legislators  of  Massachusetts 
lu!  presided  with  great  dignity  and  energy." 

He  pub.  an  Oration  before  the  Phi  Beta  Kappa  Society, 
1 797.  An  Extract  from  his  Eulogy  on  S.  Dana  is  in  the 
Historical  Collection.  See  Allen's  American  Biog.  Diet.; 
.lenuison ;  Marine  Hist.  Coll.,  i.  363,  388,  409;  iVIass.  Hist, 
Coll.,  s.  s.  ii.  235,  252. 

Bigg,  J.  Stanyan,  is  one  of  a  new  school  of  poets 
of  the  terrific  order.     Night  and  the  Soul ;    a  Dramatic 
Poem,  Lon.,  1854. 
Bigge,  Thomas.     Political  Treatises,  1794-95,  8to. 
Bigger,  J.  and  H.  Dunn.     The  Revised  Statutes  of 
the  Sitae  of  Indiana,  8vo,     Indianapolis,  1845,  8vo. 
Biggin,  George.     Hort.  Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1799. 
Biggs,  Arthur.  Con.  to  Trans.  Horticult.  Soc.  i.  63. 
Biggs,  James.  Hist,  of  Miranda,  Ac,  Lon.,  1809,  Sto. 
Biggs,  Noah.     On  the  Vanity  of  the  Craft  of  Physic, 
or  a  new  Dispensatory;  with  a  Motion  for  Refining  the 
Universities,  and  the  whole  Landscape  of  Physic,  and  dis- 
covering the  Terra  Incognita  of  Chymistry,  Lon.,  1651,  4to. 
This  author  docs  not  seem  to  have  laclied  self-confidence. 
Biggs,  Richard.     Of  the  Truth,   &c.,    Bath,   1770, 
]2mo.     This  author  takes  to  task  Pope  and  his  doughty 
mastiff  defender,  Warburton. 

Biggs,  Wra.  Milt.  Hist,  of  Europe,  1739-48,  Lon., 
1765,  Svo. 

Bigland,  John,  d.  1832,  a  schoolmaster,  horn  at  Skir- 
laugh  in  Holderncss,  pub.  several  valuable  works.  Letters 
on  the  Study  and  Use  of  Ancient  and  Modern  History, 
Lon.,  1804,  12mo. 

'*  Mr.  liijiand  displays  in  this  volume  a  well-cultivated  and 
compreheusive  mind.  "llis  style  is  generally  correct;  his  informa- 
tion is  extensive,  and  the  many  pertinent  reniarivs  and  inferences 
with  which  he  has  enriched  this  summary  of  general  history,  meet 
our  cordial  approbation.'' — Loii.  Monlhl]/  R'-vieiv. 

"  We  are  well  pleased  with  this  publication.  It  is  a  useful  un- 
dertaking, well  executed."— BriYi's?!  Critic. 

"  This  Uttle  historic  digest,  collected  from  most  unexceptionable 
authors,  is  executed  with  great  neatness  and  propriety."— iore. 
Critical  Review. 

"  He  has  suffered  no  opportunity  to  escape  him  of  blendmg  re- 
ligious .ind  moral  lessons  with  his  instructions,  and  he  deserves 
the  highest  pr.aise  for  the  total  exclusion  of  all  indelicate  expres- 
sions."— Aiiti^Jacohin  R£V. 

Letters  on  Natural  History,  exhibiting  a  View  of  the 

Power.  Wisdom,  and  Goodness  of  the  Deity,  Ac.,  Lon., 

1806,  Svo.  ^^  ,       , 

■'  We  recommend  our  young  readers  to  peruse  the  present  work 

as  a  compilation  of  very  useful  and  entert-alning  information." 

The  History  of  Spain  to  1809,  Lon.,  1810,  2  vols.  Svo. 

"  The  author  Ims  produced  a  pleasing  and  useful  work."- io«. 

Eclectic  Revieio. 

Essays  on  Various  Subjects,  Doncaster,  1805,  2  vols.  Svo. 
"These  essays  are  marked  by  a  philosophical  and  unprejudiced 
spirit  of  investigation  on  all  subjects." — Annual  Review. 

"  They  contain  much  good  sense,  expressed  in  neat  and  perspi- 
cuous langmage."' — Britiah  Critic. 

A  System  of  Geography  and  History. 

*'  A  very  pleasing  picture  of  the  past  and  present  state  of  man- 
kind. Ac.'' — Lmul'm  Critical  Review. 

Bigland,  Ralph,  1711-1784,  Garter  Principal  King 
at  Arms,  was  a  native  of  Westmoreland.  Observations  on 
Marriages,  Baptisms,  and  Burials,  as  preserved  in  Pa- 
rochial Registers. 

"  A  very  curious  book,  containing  much  valuable  information 
for  the  genealogist." 

He  made  large  collections  for  a  history 
'■  H.ather  of  the  Inhabitants  of  Gloucestershire  than  of  the  Shire 
itself," 

A  portion  of  which  w.as  pub.  by  his  son  RicnARn  BiG- 
LANn.  Es.|.,  in  1(92.     See  Nichols's  Literary  Anecdotes. 

Bighmd,  Richard.     See  above. 

Bigland,  Wm.  The  Mechanics'  Guide,  Lon.,  1795,  Svo. 

Biglow,  William,  1773-1844,  b.  at  Natick,  Massa- 
chusetts. History  of  the  Town  of  Natick,  Massachusetts, 
from  1650  to  the' Present  Time;    and  also  of  Sherbiirno, 


BIL 

Bigsby,  R.  Old  Places  Revisited,  or  the  Antiquari.an 
Ei.S.husiast,  3  vols.  Lon.,  1851,  Svo.  An  interestiiig  work 
on  the  Antiquities,  Manners,  Customs,  and  Persons  ul  Old 
England,  illust.  by  Anecdotes.     Poems  and  Essays,  Svo. 

Bill,  Anna.     Mirror  of  Modestie,  Lon.,  1621,   Svo; 

prefixed  is  a  portrait  of  Anna  Bill,  followed  by  Verses  to 

her  Memory,  Bindley,  £3  16».  ,„„,:  „ 

Billing,  Robert.     Carrots  for  Cattle,  Lon.,  1765,  Svo. 

Billing,  Sidney.     A  Practical  Treatise  on  the  Law 

of  Awards  and  Arbitrations,  Ac,  Lon.,  1846,  Svo. 

"  As  far  .as  our  means  of  judging  go,  we  think  Mr.  Hilling  has 
executed  his  task  with  great  ability  and  success,  and  has  given  a 
useful  work  to  the  profession." 
Billinghurst,George.  Legal  Treatises,Lon.,1674-76. 
Billings,  Joseph,  Commodore.  Expedition  to  the 
Northern  Parts  of  Russia,  Lon.,  1802,  4to.  Written  by 
Martin  Sauer ;  another  account  was  pub.  in  Russian  by 
Captain  S.aretschewya. 

Billings,  Peter.     Fidly  Predominant,  1755. 
Billings,  R.  W.     Baronial   and  Ecclesiastical  Anti- 
quities of  Scotland,  4  vols.  4to,  with  240  engravings  by 
Finden  and  others,  pub,  at  £8  8», ;  large  paper,  £12  128., 
Edinburgh,  1861.  ,  .  ,     ^ 

"Thetiist  work  which,  either  in  poinT  of  extent  or  of  style,  has 
any  claim  to  be  regarded  as  a  collection  worthy  of  the  remains  yet 
spared  to  Scotland ;  and  the  plates  are  large  enough  to  admit  of 
the  distinct  delineiition  of  minute  peculiarities.  Mr.  Billings  is  a 
masterly  draughtsman,  well  skilled  in  the  history  and  characteris- 
tics of  architectural  style,  having  an  excellent  eye  in-  pei  spective, 
and  uniting  scrupulous  fidelity  to  good  tast<?  .-11111  koouKdge  of 
effect.  His  engravings  do  him  justice,  and  altogether  nothing  can 
be  more  stitialactoiy  than  his  representations."— ion.  Qvar.  Rev. 
Architecture  of  Carlisle  Cathedral,  1839.  4to.  Do.  Dur- 
ham Cathedral,  1844,  4to.  Do.  Durham  County,  4to. 
Do.  Kettering  Church,  4to.  Do.  Temple  Church.  4to. 
Geometrical  Projection  of  Gothic  Architecture,  1S40,  4to. 
Gothic  P.anclling  in  Brancepcth  Church,  4to.  Do.  Carlisle 
Cathedral,  1841,  4to.  Infinity  of  Geometric  Design  Exem- 
plified, 1849,  4to,  Power  of  Form  applied  to  Geometric 
Tracery,  r.  Svo. 

Biliingsley.  Sermons,  1716-1741. 
Billingsley,  Sir  Henry,  d.  1606,  a  mathematician, 
educated  at  Oxford,  and  Lord  Jl.ayor  of  London  in  the  reign 
of  Elizabeth,  studied  mathematics  under  Mr.  Whitehead, 
who  resided  in  his  house  for  many  years.  Sir  Henry  pub. 
a  tr.anslation  of  Euclid  into  English,  in  which  he  incorpo- 
rated the  valuable  MS.  notes  of  his  deceased  friend  and 
preceptor;  Lon.,  1670,  fed.  To  this  work  Dr.  John  Dee 
prefixed  a  learned  introduction. 

Billingsley,  John.  Strong  Comfort  for  Weak  Chris- 
tians, Lon.,  1666.  4to.     Other  works. 

Billingsley,  John.  Sermons,  1700-27.  25  Sermons 
against  Popery,  Lon.,  1723,  Svo. 

"  His  discourses  are  solid  and  judicious,  the  result  of  mature 
thought  and  diligent  piepaiatiou."— WiLso.x. 

Ho  wrote  the  Exposition  of  Jude  in  the  continuation  of 
Henry's  Commentary. 

Billingsley,  John.  General  View  of  the  Agriculture 
of  tlic  Counly  of  Somer.set,  Bath,  1798,  Svo. 

'■  This  has  1  teen  justly  iecli<med  a  superior  work  of  the  kind." — 
D<iji<'l<l>i<ai!i  Aijricnlt.  Biog. 

Billingsley,  Martin.  Pen's  Excellencie,  or  the 
Secretary's  Delight,  Lou,,  1641,  4to.  A  Copy  Book,  1623. 
Billingsley,  Nicholas.  Brachy-Martyrologia,  or 
a  Brcviarv  of  all  the  greatest  Persecutions  which  have 
befallen  the  Saints  and  People  of  God  from  the  Creation 
to  our  present  time ;  paraphrased,  Lon.,  1657,  Svo. 

"It  can  serve  indeed  as  little  more  than  an  Index  to  copious 
works  on  the  same  subject;  but  such  an  index  is  not  without  its 
value,  from  having  a  chronological  anvangement." — RutUata^ 
iv.  4.'i4. 

The  Infancy  of  the  World,  Lon.,  1658,  Svo. 
See  Britisij  Bibliographer,  ii.  043,  and  Kestituta,  iv.  4,14.  468. 
Billingsley  also  pub.  Treasury  of  Divine  Raptures,  Lon., 


Mass     from  its  Incorporation  to  the    End  of"  the   Year  .  1667,  Svo,  and  some  other  works.     See  Bibl.  Anglo-Poe- 
1830,  Bost.,  1830,  Svo.     He  contributed  articles  in  prose    tica,  62,53,54,  where  the  above  works  are  priced  i.3  3s., 


and  verse  to  many  of  the  journals  of  the  day 

Bignell,  Henry,  1611-1660?  an  English  clergyman, 
was  educated  at  Brasenose  College,  and  St.  Mary's  H.all, 
Oxford.  The  Son's  Portion,  Lon.,  1640,  Svo.  English 
Proverbs.  Ac.  Wood  gives  any  thing  but  a  flattering  pic- 
ture of  this  author.  ,  „„  ,  > 
Bigot,  (Tanner.)  Bagot,  (Strype.)  Bygod,  (Wood,) 
Sir  Francis,  pub.  A  Treatise  concerning  Impropriations 
of  Benefices,  Lon.,  1671(?)  4to,  and  1646,  4to. 

"  The  author's  purpose  was  chiefly  bent  against  the  monasteries, 
who  had  unjustly  gotten  very  many  parsonages  into  their  pos- 
session, as  it  had  been  complained  of  long  before  his  time,  ,'specially 
by  Dr.  Thos.  Gascoigno,  a  Vorivsbii-e  man  born,  'f  he  said  Bygod 
translated  also  divers  batiu  books  into  English,  which  1  have  not 
yet  seen." — AUtal.  Oxon. 
168 


£3  10«.,  and  £3  3s. 
Billingsley,  Nicholas.     Theolog.    and    Biograph. 

works,  Lon.,  1717.  '21,  '2.'^. 

Billington,  Rev.  Linus  W.,  b.  1802,  in  New  Jer- 
sey.    Review  of  Davis's  Hcvelations,  Ac. 

Billyns.  Five  Wounds  of  Christ,  a  Poem  from  an 
ancient  Parchment  Roll.  Published  by  W.  Balemnn, 
Manchester,  1814,  4to.  Black  Letter,  with  fac-similcs, 
25  copies  printed. 

Bilson,  Thomas,  1636-1616,  a  native  of  Winchester, 
was  educated  at  the  schocd  of  that  place,  and  in  1565  ad- 
mitted perpetual  Fellow  of  New  College,  Oxford.  He  wau 
Master  of  Winchester  School,  Prebendary  of  the  Cathe- 
dral, and  afterwards  Warden  of  the  College  in  the  same 


BIL 


BIN 


city.  He  was  mado  Bishop  of  Woi'ccster  in  1596,  and  in 
1597  was  translated  to  Winchester.  The  True  Difl'erence 
between  Christian  Subjection  and  Unchristian  Rebellion, 
Osf.,  1585,  4to.  This  work  was  directed  against  the  sup- 
posed political  principles  of  the  Romanists,  and  vindicated 
the  supreuiacy  of  Queen  Elizabeth,  and  her  interference  ia 
favour  of  the  Protestants  of  the  Low  Countries. 

"  This  book,  which  served  ht-r  desi;;n  for  the  present,  did  contri- 
bute much  to  the  ruin  nf  her  successor,  K.  Ch.  I.  ...  To  justify 
the  revolt  of  Holland,  Bilson  gave  strange  liberty  in  many  cases, 
especially  concerning  religion,  for  subjects  to  cast  off  their  obedi- 
ence. .  .  .  There  is  not  any  book  that  the  Presliyterians  have  made 
more  dangerous  use  of  against  their  prince,  (Ch.  I.,)  than  that 
which  his  j>rrdecessor  commanded  to  be  written  to  justify  her 
against  th.-  King  of  Spain." — Athen.  Oxon. 

The  Perpetual  Gouernment  of  Christe's  Church,  &.Q., 
Lon.,  1593,  1610,  'Ito.  In  Latin,  1611.  4to.  This  is  con- 
sidered one  of  the  best  arguments  for  Episcopacy.  A  new 
edit,  with  a  Biog.  notice  by  Rev.  Robert  Eden,  Oxf., 
1842,  Svo. 

The  Effect  of  Certaine  Sermons,  touching  the  Full  Re- 
demption of  Mankind  by  the  Death  and  Blood  of  Christ 
Jesus,  &c.,  Lon.,  1598,  Svo. 

"  These  sermons,  preached  at  Paul's  Cross,  made  great  alarm 
among  the  puritanical  brethren." — Wood. 

Honry  Jacob  answered  It,  and  Bilson  replied  in  The 
Survey  of  Christ's  Sufferings  for  Man's  Redemption,  &c., 
Lon.,  1604,  fol.  Repub.  in  Tracts  of  Ang.  Fathers,  li.  73. 
Sermon  on  Rom.  xiii.  4;  Lon.,  1604,  Svo. 

"The  care  of  revising  and  putting  the  last  hand  to  the  new 
translation  of  the  English  Bilde  iu  King  James  1st  reign,  was 
committed  to  our  author,  and  to  Dr.  Miles  Smith,  afterwards 
Bishop  of  Gloucester." 

*'  lie  was  as  reverend  and  learned  a  prelate  as  England  ever  af- 
forded, a  deep  and  profound  scholar,  exactly  read  in  Ecclesiastical 
authors.'' — Wood. 

"An  excellent  civilian,  and  a  veiy  great  scholler." — SiB  Ajj- 

THONY  WeLDON. 

"  A  deep  and  profound  scholar,  excellently  well  read  in  the 
fathers." — Fuller. 

"  A  very  grave  man ;  and  how  great  a  divine,  if  any  one  knows 
not.  let  hini  consult  bis  learned  writings."— Bishop  Goodwin. 

"I  find  but  finire  lines  (in  Bishop  Goodwin's  book)  concerning 
him;  and  if  I  should  give  him  his  due,  in  proportion  to  the  rest, 
I  should  spend  foure  leaves." — Sir  John  Harrington.  See  Chal- 
niers'BE.D.;  Biog. Brit.;  Athen. Oxon.;  Harrington's  Brief  View. 

Kilstone,  John.     Sermons,  1749-63. 

Biiick,  James.  CoUectio  de  xsxii.  Iconibus  Beorum 
ac  Dearum  Gentilium  fere  incisis,  1530,  fol.  A  scarce  work. 

Biiickcs,  Wm.     Sermons,  &c.,  1702-10. 

Bindley,  James,  Senior  Commissioner  of  the  Stamp 
Oflice.  Statutes  Relating  to  the  Stamp  Duties,  Lon.,  1775, 
4to.  This  gentleman  is  the  Leontes  celebrated  by  Dr. 
Dibdin  in  his  Bibliomania,  and  in  the  Bibliographical 
Decameron.  He  was  noted  for  knowledge  of  books  and 
his  valuable  Library.  Mr.  John  Nichol.-^  paid  him  a  de- 
served compliment  by  dedicating  to  him  the  most  valuable 
collection  of  literary  treasures  in  the  language — Nichols's 
Literary  Anecdotes.     See  Nichols,  John. 

To  the  1st  edit,  of  this  work  Mr.  Bindley  was  a  con- 
tributor. 

"  LiSAEDO.  Gratify  a  curiosity  that  I  feel  to  know  the  name  and 
character  of  yonder  respectably-looking  gentleman,  in  the  dress  of 
the  old  school,  who  is  speakiug  in  so  gracious  a  manner  to  Ber- 
nardo. 

"  'Tis  Leontes  :  a  man  of  taste,  and  an  accomplished  antiquary. 
Even  yet  he  continues  to  gratify  his  favourite  passion  for  book 
and  print  collecting:  although  his  library  is  at  once  choice  and 
copious,  and  his  collection  of  prints  exquisitely  fine.  .  .  .  Like 
Atticus  [Richard  Ileber,  Esq.]  he  is  liberal  in  the  loan  of  his  trea- 
sures: and.  as  with  him,  so  'tis  with  Leontes — the  spirit  of  book- 
coUectiug  'assumes  the  dignity  of  a  virtue.'  Peace  and  comfort 
be  the  attendant  spirits  of  Leontes,  through  life  and  in  death:  tlie 
happiness  of  a  better  world  await  him  beyond  the  grave!  His 
memory  will  always  be  held  in  reverence  by  honest  biblioma- 
niacs."—B(W/o»ia»V(7,  ed.  1842, 133. 

Some  six  years  later  Dibdin  again  notices  this  worthy 
character : 

"  Dear  as  the  ruddy  drops  that  warm  my  heart  are  the  name 
and  the  virtues  of  Leontes!  That  excellent,  and  venerable  cha- 
racter yet  lives;  lives  in  the  increased  estimation  of  his  long-tried 
friends,  and  in  the  very  plenitude  and  zenith  of  bibliomaniacal 
reputation.  Can  human  felicity  go  beyond  this?  Rirh  iu  'good 
works'  as  well  as  iu  good  books.  .  .  .  Gaze  thtri'tiJi-.-  with  respect 
and  admiratinn  upoii  the  numerous  and  wi'll-srlnti-d  t'.mes  of 
which  the  library  of  the  venerable  gentleman  is  iniii])Osed ;  and 
wish  that  he  who  knows  how  to  make  such  an  excellent  use  of 
thfin,  may  yet  live  to  complete  his  term  of  a  'thousand  years.'" — 
Biblmgraphical  Decameron,  in.  26,  412. 

Binfield,  Wm.  Travels  and  Adventures,  2  vols. 
Lon..  17.>3. 

Bingham,  Caleb,  of  Boston,  Massachusetts,  was 
author  of  the  Hunters;  Young  Lady's  Accidence,  1789 j 
Epistolary  Correspondence;  The  Columbian  Orator. 

Bingham,  George,  1715-1800,  a  native  of  Dorset, 
was  educated  at  AVcstminster,  and  Christ  Church,  Oxford. 


Being  elected  Fellow  of  All  Souls*  College,  he  formed  an 
intimacy  with  William  (afterwards  Sir  William)  Black- 
stone,  who  assisted  him  in  the  preparation  of  bis  Stem- 
mata  Chieheliana.  His  principal  works  are  aVindieatioa 
of  the  Doctrine  and  Liturgy  of  the  Church  of  England, 
Oxf ,  1774,  8vo.  This  was  occasioned  by  Mr.  T.  Lindscy's 
Apology  for  Quitting  his  Living,  Lon.,  1774,  Svo.  Au 
Essay  on  the  Millennium,  &c.,  Lon.,  1804,  2  vols.  Svo.  and 
Essays,  Disputations,  and  Sermons,  to  which  are  pretixed 
Memoirs  of  the  Author's  Life,  by  Peregrine  Bingbam, 
1S04,  2  vols.  Svo.  These  four  vols,  were  pub.  by  his  son. 
Also  sec  Biographical  Anecdotes  of  the  Rev.  John  Bing- 
ham, being  part  of  the  Bib.  Top.  Brit.,  reprinted,  with  ad- 
ditions, 1813,  4to,  and  fol. 

"  It  has  been  justly  remarked  to  his  honour  and  credit,  that  ho 
never  made  an  aciiuaintance  by  whom  he  was  not  highly  respected, 
or  tiirmed  au  intimacy  that  was  not  permanent." 

Bingham,  Joseph,  1668-1723,  the  celebrated  author 
of  Origines  Ecclesiastical,  was  a  native  of  Waketield  in 
Yorkshire.  In  16S4  he  was  admitted  a  member  of  Uni- 
versity College,  Oxford.  He  took  the  degree  of  B.  A. 
in  1688,  M.  A.  in  1691.  He  was  elected  Eellow  of  his 
College  in  1689.  By  the  kindness  of  the  eminent  Dr, 
RadelifFo  he  was  presented,  ujion  resignation  of  his  fel- 
lowship, to  the  rectory  of  Hcadbourn-Wortby  in  Hamp- 
shire, with  about  £100  a  year.  Some  sis  or  seven  years 
after  this  event  he  married  a  daughter  of  Richard  Pococke, 
grandfather  of  the  celebrated  author  of  the  Description  of 
the  East.  Feeling  the  great  want  which  existed  of  a  good 
work  upon  Ecclesiastical  Antiquities,  Bingham  determined 
to  endeavour  to  supply  the  void.  His  disadvantages  were 
great:  ill  health,  large  family,  small  means,  and  almost 
without  books.  Fortunately  the  latter  want  was  supplied 
by  his  opportunity  of  access  to  the  excellent  liljrary  of  the 
cathedral  church  of  Winchester,  the  bequest  of  Bishop 
M  or  ley. 

"  Even  this  was  deficient  in  many  works  to  which  he  had  occa- 
sion to  refer;  and  yet  when  we  tui-n  to  the  Index  Auctorum  at 
the  end  of  his  work,  we  shall  perhaps  be  astonished  at  the  vast 
nuniliur  of  books  which  he  appears  to  have  consulted.  But  to 
such  straits  was  he  diiven  for  want  of  books,  that  he  frequently 
procured  inipeitl'ct  copies  at  a  cheap  rate,  and  then  employed  a 
portion  fil'lliat  time,  of  which  so  small  a  portion  was  allotted  him^ 
and  whirh  tliL-rellire  could  so  ill  be  so  spired,  in  the  tedious  task 
of  transcribing  the  deticient  pages:  instances  of  which  are  still  in 
being,  and  serve  as  memorials  of  his  indefatigable  industry  on 
all  occasions." 

The  author  remarks : 

" I  couftss  that  this  work  will  suffer  something  in  my  hands 
for  want  of  several  books,  which  I  have  no  opportunity  to  see,  nor 
ability  to  jjurchase.  The  chief  assistance  I  have  hitherto  had  is 
from  the  noble  lienetaction  of  one,  who  bemg  dead,  yd  speakelh ;  I 
mean  the  renowned  Bishop  Morley." 

He  pub.  the  1st  vol.  (Origines  Ecclesiasticos,  or  the  An- 
tiquities of  the  Christian  Church)  in  170S.  and  the  10th 
and  last  in  1722,  Svo.  "Whole  works,  1726,  2  vols.  foL 
Translated  into  Latin,  with  the  words  of  the  quotations 
given  by  Grischovius.  Halla;,172(-29,  and  again  in  1751. 

"Tlii-  Mutlmr  blf  MS.  corriTtions.  which  were  incorporated  in 
an  editi.m  .-ilil.-d  Ity  bis  gn-at-grandsdu,  in  S  vols.  Svo,  1S29.  Two 
editions  have  since  that  date  appc;ired  under  the  able  editorship 
of  the  Ilev.  .7.  It.  I'itman,  in  whirh  the  passages  referred  to  are 
given  in  the  original  words.  The  Kev.  Richai'd  Bingham,  son  of 
the  former  editor,  has  prepared  an  edition  which,  when  published, 
will  be  of  great  importance,  as  he  has  verifit'd  all  the  quotations, 
some  of  which  had  escaped  the  research  of  Orischovius  and  Mr. 
Pitman.  An  edition  of  the  Ecclesiastical  Antiquities  only,  as  it 
originally  appeared,  is  in  print,  in  2  vols,  imperial  Svo." — JJaiiinij's 
Cyc.  BibUognqyhica. 

It  is  an  interesting  bibliographical  incident  that  the 
valuable  labours  of  Mr.  Bingham  should  be  revised  by  his 
great-great-grandson  after  a  lapse  of  130  years.  Mr.  Bing- 
ham also  wrote:  The  French  Church's  Apology  for  the 
Church  of  England.  &c.,  Lon.,  1706,  Svo.  A  Scholastical 
History  of  Lay  Baptism,  two  parts,  Lon.,  1712,  2  vols.  Svo. 
A  Discourse  concerning  the  Mercy  of  God  to  Penitent  Sin- 
ners :  and  a  Discourse  on  Absolution,  in  his  Works,  2  vols, 
fob,  1726. 

Before  the  publication  of  vols.  ix.  and  x.  of  his  Origines, 
Mr.  Bingham  was  sorely  tried  by  the  conduct  of  a  Mr.  A. 
Blackamore,  who  pub.  in  1722.  2  vols.  Svo,  A  Summary  of 
Christian  Antiquities,  -fee,  which  Mr.  Bingham  declared  to 
be,  for  the  most  part,  an  abridgment  of  the  8  vols,  upon 
which  he  had  bestowed  "Twenty  years'  hard  labour." 
Ho  thus  discourses  upon  the  matter  in  the  preface  to  vols. 
ix.  and  X. : 

"  When  I  had  finished  these  two  volumes,  and  completed  the 
whole  work  that  I  intended,  and  sent  it  to  the  press,  hoping  tn  give 
myself  a  little  rest  and  vacation  from  hard  labour.  I  was  immedi- 
ately called  to  a  new  work  by  a  book  that  was  sent  me.  bearing 
the  title  of  Ecclesia  Primitiva?  Notitia  in  a  Summary  of  Christian 
Antiriuities.  To  whiih  is  prefixed  an  Index  II,"ereticus.  contain- 
mg  a  short  account  of  all  the  principal  heresies  since  the  rise  of 

189 


BIN 


BIN 


ClirisHanity;  and  subjoined  A  Brief  Account,  of  the  Ei^'lil  First  ;  by  these  repeated  abridgments  of  it.  as  well  as  by  the 

■'      ■    "  ''    " '      inauilold  use  of  it  made  iu  other  writings." 

*'  Most  strongly  and  vehemently  do  I  recommend  Bingham's 
Antiquities  of  the  Christian  Church;  he  justly  ranks  amonf;  our 
brightest  church  luminaries.  Jortin  knew  the  value  of  his  labours; 
Gil)t)(iii  stole  fiom  them,  and  they  have  been  translated  and  revo- 
renie.l  all  ovei'  the  Continent."— DluMN. 

"  ( tpus  ii.sniii  Binghami  tam  egregium  est.  ut  merito  inter  libros, 
quibus  Auliijnitates  Ecclesiastic.-e  universa3  enarratje  sunt,  prin- 
cipatum  teneat,  sive  ad  rerum  copiam  atque  apparatum ;  sive  ad 
earum  explanationem  animum  advertere  velimus.  Commendat 
illud  se  adcuratiori  ordine,  argnmentis  solidis;  sive  testimoniis. 
qua;  e-X  ipsis  fontibus  hausta  ac  diligenter  adducta  sunt,  perspicui- 
tate  jitque  aliis  virtutibus.  Ac  quamvis  auctor,  lis  addictus.  qui 
in  Anglia  pro  episcopi>rnm  auctoritiite  pugnant.  ad  horum  senten- 
tiiis  veteris  eci-lesia^  instifuta  trahat:  animi  tamen  moderationem, 
quum  ill  his  rebus  versiitur.  ostendit  ac  si  qua?  corrigenda  sunt." 
— W.iu^uil :  BiUiuthem  Tlutilngica,  vol.  ill.  p.  671. 

The  Lon.  Quarterly  Iteview.  in  an  article  on  Christian  Burial, 
says :  "  This  is  traced  by  Biu;rham  with  his  usual  entdition ;"  and 
in  speaking  of  psalmody  in  the  early  Christian  Church,  "of  this 
Bingliam  produces  abundant  evidence."  And  again,  in  an  article 
on  the  Architecture  of  E.arly  Christian  Churches,  "  much  informa- 
tion on  this  subject  is  collected  in  the  Origines  Ecclesiasticie  of 
Bingham,  a  writer  who  does  equal  honour  to  the  English  clergy 
and  to  the  English  nation,  and  whose  learning  is  to  be  equalled 
only  by  his mod^jration  and  impartiality." — Vols.  xxi.  xxvii.  xxviii. 
"  Let  Bingham  be  consulted  where  he  treats  of  such  matters  as 
you  meet  with,  that  have  any  difficulty  in  them." — i>r.  \\\tUr- 
laniTs  Advice  to  a  Tbuvg  Student. 

"  This  is  an  invaluable  Treatise  of  Christian  Antiquities,  and 
deserves  the  first  place  in  works  of  this  kind:  the  plan  and  the 
execution  do  equal  honour  to  the  learning  and  industry  of  the 
author." — Orme  :  BibUotlieca  Biblica. 

*'A  vast  body  of  information  respecting  the  tirst  Christian 
Churches,  and  full  of  valuable  learning  on  the  Eai'ly  State  of  the 
Church." — BICKERSTETH. 

*'  For  the  elucidation  of  the  Antiquities  of  the  Church,  we  can- 
not refer  to  a  higher  authority  than  that  of  Bingham.  Joseph 
Bingham  w.as  born  at  "Waketield.  in  Yorkshire.  September  lfi68, 
and  graduated  at  University  College.  Oxford.  1683.  He  was  pre- 
sented by  Dr.  Itadcliffe  to  the  Kectory  of  Ileadbourn-AVorthy, 
near  Winchester;  and  there,  having  the  use  of  the  Cathedral  Li- 
brary, he  commenced  his  celebrated  work  Origines  Ecclesiastic*, 
or  the  Antiquities  of  the  Christian  Church."— rmce  of  the  Church. 
It  is  also  recommended  to  be  studied  by  Bishops  Tom- 
line,  Randolph,  and  Coleridge ;  by  Dr.  Burton,  and  in  the 
Tracts  for  the  Times  published  at  O.^ford. 

'■  He  who  seeks  for  infonajitinn  upon  any  ecclesiastical  subject, 
will  be  almost  sure  to  find  it  in  Bingham's  Antiquities."— Bishop 
Short. 

Bingham,  Joseph,  second  son  of  the  preceding,  of 
Corpus  Christi  College,  O.vford,  died  when  ho 

"  \V;is  preparing  to  give  public  proofs  of  his  diligence,  having 
actually  printed  every  part,  except  the  title-page  and  preface,  of  a 
very  vahuable  edition  of  the  Theban  Story,  which  was  completed 
and  published  after  his  death." 

Bingham,  J.  Elliot,  Commander,  E.N.  A  Narra- 
tive of  the  E.\peaition  to  China,  [in  1840-42.] 

Bingham,  Peregrine.  Pains  of  Memory;  a  Poem, 
1811,  Svo.     See  Bingham,  liF.ORGE. 

Bingham,  Peregrine.  Reports  and  Legal  Treatises, 
1820-40.  Reports  in  the  C.  Pleas.  1822-34,  Lon.,  10  vols, 
roy.  Svo.  New  Cases  in  C.  P.  and  other  Courts,  1834—40, 
6  vols.  roy.  8vo. 
Bingham,  Richard.  Sermon,  Ac,  1789-1811. 
Bingham,  Richard,  great-grandson  of  Joseph 
Bingham,  edited  his  works,  8  vols.  Svo,  1829,  and  is  au- 
thor of  a  number  of  Discourses,  &e. 

Bingham,  Richard,  great-great-grandson  of  Joseph 
Bingham,  revised  his  works. 

Bingham,  Thomas.  The  Triumph  of  Truth,  or 
Proofs  of  the  Authenticity  of  the  Bible.  Lon.,  1800. 

Bingham,  William,  a  senator  of  the  United  States, 
d.  1804,  aged  52.  In  1780  ho  married  Miss  Willing  of 
Phil.adelphia ;  his  son  'Williani  mailed  in  Montreal  in 
1822 ;  a  daughter  was  married  to  a  son  of  Sir  Francis 
Baring.  Mr.  B.  pub.  A  Letter  from  an  American  on  the 
subject  of  the  Restraining  Proclamation,  with  strictures 
on  Lord  Sheffield's  pamphlets,  1784.  Description  of  cer- 
tain Tracts  of  Land  in  the  District  of  Maine,  1793.  In 
this  year  Mr.  B.  purchased  more  than  two  millions  of  acres 
of  land  in  Maine,  at  an  eighth  of  a  dollar  per  acre,  or  for 
more  than  $2S0.000. — Allen'e  Amer.  Biog.  Diet. 
Bingley,  William.  Sermon,  Lon.,  1094,  Svo. 
Binglcy,  William.  Discontent  in  Ireland,  and 
Cause  of  tlie  Rebellion,  1799,  4to. 

Bingley,  William,  d.  1823,  a  native  of  Yorkshire, 
of  St.  Peter's  College,  Cambridge,  graduated  in  1799.  and 
took  holy  orders.  He  pub.  a  nuniljer  of  works,  1793-1818. 
We  notice  a  few  of  them:  North  Wales;  including  its 
Scenery,  Antiquities,  Custimis,  Ac,  delineated  from  two 
Excursions  in  1798  and  1801,  Lon.,  1804,  2  vols.  Svo. 

"  We  have  no  hesitation  in  declaring  that  these  volumes  deseno 
to  be  ranked  among  the  best  performances  of  the  kind;  nor  will 


eneral  Councils,  dedicated  to  the  venerable  Society  fir  I'r-.pa.'.Htr 
ing  the  Gospel  in  Foreign  Parts,  by  A.  Blackamore.  in  t  wo  vol  uuies 
8vo,  Lon.,  1722.  I  confess.  1  was  very  much  surprised  at  first  with 
the  title  and  epistle  dedicatory,  thinking  it  to  be  some  new  work, 
that  had  done  some  mighty  thing,  either  in  correcting  my  mistakes, 
or  supplying  my  deliciincies.  after  twenty  years'  bard  Labour  in 
compiling  my  Oi  i;^inrs  for  the  use  of  the  church.  But  as  soon  as 
I  looked  into  the  piifa.e.  aud  a  little  into  the  book  itself,  I  found 
it  to  he  only  a  transcript  of  some  part  of  my  Origines,  under  the 
notion  of  an  epitome,  though  no  such  thing  is  SJvid  in  the  title- 
page  ...  If  he  had  done  it  in  a  genteel  wiiy,  by  asking  leave, 
and  under  direction,  he  should  have  had  my  leave  and  encourage- 
ment also.  Or  if  he  had  done  it  usefully,  so  as  truly  to  answer 
the  end  he  pretends,  even  without  leave,  he  should  have  my  par- 
don. But  now  he  has  defeated  his  own  design,  both  by  unneces- 
sary and  hurtful  additiims  of  his  own,  which  will  not  only  incom- 
mode and  encumber  his  books,  but  render  them  dangerous  and 
pernicious  to  unwary  readers,  unless  timely  antidoted  and  cor- 
rected by  some  moreVuiirul  band.  For  wlii''li  rensnn,  since  they 
are  sent'iuto  the  world  tdgither  with  an  abstra.t  ..f  my  Antiqui- 
ties, 1  have  thought  it  just  both  to  the  world  aud  myself  to  make 
some  proper  animadversions  on  them," 

The  justly  indignant  author  then  proceeds  in  a  long 
bill  of  indictments  to  substantiate  his  charge.  The  griev- 
ance complained  of  was  one  to  which  all  authors  are 
liable,  and  the  more  meritorious  their  productions  the 
greater  the  risk.  Mr.  Pitman's  last  edit.,  referred  to  be- 
fore, was  pub.  in  1840.  in  9  vols.  Svo.  (See  preceding  no- 
tice of  forthcoming  edition,  by  the  Rev.  Richard  Bingh,am.) 

To  those  unacquainted  with  the  value  of  the  work,  it 
may  be  useful  to  give  an  analysis  of  the  Twenty-three 
Books,  of  which  the  Antiquities  is  composed  : 

1.  Of  Christianity  in  general;  the  Names  and  Orders  of 

both  Clergy  and  Laity. 

2.  The  Laws  of  the  First  Councils. 

3.  Of  the  Inferior  Clerical  Laws. 

4.  Of  the  Election  and  Ordination  of  the  Clergy;  Quali- 

fications, &c. 
6.  Clerical  Privileges,  Immunities,  and  Revenues. 

6.  The  Laws  and  Rules  of  their  Lives,  Services,  Beha- 

viour, ifec. 

7.  Of  the  Ascetics. 

8.  Of  their  Councils,  Churches,  Ac. 

9.  Of  the  Divisions  into  Provinces,  Dioceses,  and   Pa- 

rishes ;  with  the  Origin  of  these  Divisions. 

10.  Of  the  Catechisms,  and  first  use  of  Creeds. 

11.  On  the  Administration  of  Baptism. 

12.  On  Confirmation. 

13.  Of  Divine  Worship  in  the  Ancient  Congregations. 

14.  Of  the  Service  of  the  Catechumens. 

15.  Of  the  Communion  Service. 

16.  Of  the  Unity  and  Discipline  of  the  Church. 

17.  Of  the  Exorcise  and  Discipline  among  the  Clergy. 

18.  Of  the  Penitential  Laws  and  Rules  for  doing  Public 

Penance. 

19.  Of  Absolution. 

20.  On  the  Festivals. 

21.  On  the  Fasts. 

22.  On  the  Miirriage  Rites. 

23.  On  the  Funeral  Rites. 
With  Four  Dissertations.    In  the  first  three,  those  things 

only  briefly  described  in  his  Antiquities  are  more  fully  ex- 
plained, in  the  fourth,  he  defends  the  English  Homilies, 
Liturgy,  and  Canons,  from  domestic  adversaries,  particu- 
larly the  French  Reformers. 

The  following  testimonies,  selected  from  numerous 
others  which  could  be  adduced,  will  serve  to  show  the  es- 
timation in  which  he  is  generally  held  by  all  parties : 

Auguste,  in  his  Introduction  to  Handhuch  der  Christli- 
clicn  Archaologic,  p.  11,  (Leipzig,  1S36,)  says,  after  having 
spoken  of  some  unsatisfactory  works,  "  But  the  English 
Clergyman,  Joseph  Bingham,  remarkable  for  his  profound 
learning,  and  his  spirit  of  unprejudiced  inquiry,  was  the 
first  who  published  a  complete  Archajology,  and  one  wor- 
thy of  the  name.  His  Origines  or  Christian  Antiquities 
first  appeared  in  London,  1708-22,  in  10  parts,  Svo.  Un- 
doubtedly, the  Latin  translation  by  J.  11.  Grischovius  has 
very  much  contributed  to  the  general  sju'cad  of  this  clas- 
sical work.  While  Bingham  was  still  living,  a  country- 
man of  his  own,  A.  Blackamore,  prepared  ;in  abridgment 
under  the  title  of  Summary  of  Christian  Anliquities,  Lon., 
1722,,  with  which  Bingham  was  much  displeased,  it  being 
published  as  an  original  work.  At  a  later  period  another 
abridgment  appeared  liy  an  anonymous  Rcmian  Catholic 
Theologian  ;  J.  Bingham's  Christian  Antiquities,  an  abridg- 
ment from  the  English  edition,  Augsburg.  1788-96.  The 
work  also  called  Lucii  Paleotimi  Antiquitatum  S.  Origi- 
num  Ecclesiasticarnin  summa,  Veuet.,  1766,  is  nothing 
more  than  an  abridgment  of  Bingham's  work,  the  useful- 
jje.si  of  which  for  both  confessions  is  strongly  indicated 
190 


BIN 


BIR 


any  onp  heroafter  act  wisely  who  should  visit  North  'Wales,  with- 
out making  tlieui  his  conipaninn." — Brilisli  Critic. 

"The  language,  manners,  rustoms,  anticjuities,  and  hotany,  ara 
pai'ticularly  attended  to,  and  well  described." — Stevenson. 

Memoirs  of  British  Quadrupeds,  &c.,  Lon.,  1809,  Svo. 
This  worii  is  not  merely  a  compilation  from  other  natu- 
ralists, hut  a  great  portion  consists  of  original  observation 
and  anecdote. 

Animated  Nature,  1815,  Svo. 

*'  M'hen  we  reflect  on  the  quantity  of  useful  infnrm.ation  which 
Mr.Bin^dey  has  contrived  to  reduce  within  such  a  limited  number 
of  pai^es,  on  the  authentic  documents  ftoni  wliicli  In-  has  abrid'.;ed 
his  materials,  and  on  the  e.a.sy  compn-lnnsiun  of  his  stvle  and 
manner,  we  cannot  hesitate  to  recommend  this  work  to  those 
persons  who  are  intrusted  with  the  education  of  the  young." — 
it/re.  Miitttlily  Review,  Oct.,  1810. 

Useful  Knowledge,  ISIB,  .Svo. 

"  To  the  library  of  the  youn;;  these  volumes  will  bo  a  most  de- 
sirable addition." — British  Critic,  .Sept.,  1S17. 

Mr.  B.'s  Animal  Biography  Is  one  of  the  most  enter- 
taining works  in  the  language. 

Biniiell,  Robert.     Sermon,  1751,  Svo. 

Biniiey,  Amos,  M.D.,  1S0.3-1S47,  a  native  of  Boston, 
one  of  the  founders,  and,  at  the  time  of  his  death.  President, 
of  the  Boston  iSoc.  of  Nat.  Hist.  His  writings  on  the  Land- 
Shells  of  America  are  to  be  found  in  the  proceedings  and 
.journal  of  that  society.  Terrestrial  and  Air-Breathing 
Mollusks  of  the  United  States  and  Adjacent  Territories  of 
North  America,  Best,  1851,  3  vols.  Svo.    See  Gould,  A.  A. 

Binney,  Rev.  Amos.     Theological  Compend.,  ISmo. 

Biuney,  Horace,  of  Philadeli)hia,  one  of  the  most 
eminent  of  American  lawyers.  Reports  of  Cases  argued 
and  determined  in  the  Sujjreme  Court  of  Pennsylvania 
from  1799  to  1S14,  fi  vols.  Svo,  Phila.,  1S09-15.  Eulogium 
on  Chief-Justice  Tilghm.an,  1S27,  Svo.  Eulogium  on  Chief- 
Justice  Marshall.  IS.'ili,  Svo.  Argument  in  the  Case  of 
Vidal  V.  the  City  of  Philadelphia.  1844,  Svo.  Murphy  v. 
Hubert,  Review  of  the  Opinion  of  the  Supreme  Court  that 
the  Pennsylvania  Act  of  Frauds  and  Perjuries  does  not 
extend  to  Equitable  Estates,  1S4S,  Svo.  Centennial  Ad- 
dress before  the  Philadelphia  Contributionship,  on  the 
History  and  Principles  of  that  Insurance  Company,  and 
of  Fire-insurance  in  the  United  States,  1852,  Svo. 

Binney,  Thomas,  a  popular  Non-eonformist 
preacher,  a  native  of  Newcastle-upon-Tyne,  has  pub.  a 
number  of  theological  and  other  works.  Closet  and  the 
Church  ;  Four  Discourses  on  the  Christian  Ministry  ;  Illus- 
trations of  the  Practical  Power  of  Faith ;  Sermons  preached 
at  Weigh-House  Chapel ;  Service  of  Song  in  the  House  of 
the  Lord;  Spirit  Admitted  to  the  Heavenly  House,  Ac.; 
Ultimate  Design  of  the  Christian  Ministry,  Ac. 

"The  Illustrations  of  the  Practical  Power  of  Faith  are  evidently 
the  production  of  a  man  of  no  ordinary  talents,  and  display  con- 
Biderable  origin.ality  of  thought  united  to  clear  and  simple  views 
of  scriptural  truth,  a  correct  taste,  and  a  he.art  susceptible  of  all 
the  moral  inspiration  of  bis  theme  and  office."— ion.  Erkc.  Bev. 

Binney,  William  G.,  son  of  Amos  Binney,  M.D. 
Papers  on  American  L.and-Shells,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  ScL, 
Phila.,  1857-58.  Edited  complete  writings  of  Thomas  Say 
on  the  Conchology  of  the  United  States,  with  a  copious 
Index  to  the  original  work,  N.  York,  1858,  Svo,  75  pi. 

Binning,  Hugh,  1627-1654,  a  native  of  Ayrshire, 
Scotland,  graduated  at  Glasgow,  where  he  was  appointed 
Professor  of  Moral  Philosophy  when  only  19.  The  Sin- 
ner's Sanctuary,  in  40  Sermons  upon  Romans  viii.,  Edin., 
1670,  4to.  Poetical  Catechism,  1671,  1 2mo.  Common 
Principles  of  the  Christian  Religion,  1672,  12mo.  Heart- 
Humiliation.  1676,  12mo.  Works  collected,  Edin.,  1735, 
4to:  again,  1768,  4to,  and  1839,  3  vols.  12mo. 

"Binninf;  is  an  old  Scotch  writer  well  worth  reading.  A  leprint 
of  his  valuable  works  would  be  advantageous." — Gickersteth. 

It  will  be  seen  that  a  new  edit,  has  been  pub.  recently. 

Binns,  Abraham.  Remarks  on  a  publication  enti- 
tled a  Serious  Admonition  to  the  Disciples  of  Thomas 
Paine  and  other  Infidels,  1796,  Svo. 

Binns,  John.  A  Digest  of  the  Laws  and  judici.al  de- 
cisions of  Pennsylvania,  touching  the  authority  of  the 
Justices  of  the  Peace,  Phila.,  1840,  Svo ;  2d  ed.  pub.  in 
1845,  revised  and  enlarged,  under  the  title  of  Binns's  Ma- 
gistrate's Daily  Companion,  or  Magistrate's  Manual ;  again, 
1850,  Svo.  Mr.  Binns  pub.  his  Autobiography  in  1855, 
Phila.,  12mo. 

Binns,  Jonathan,  M.D.  Con.  to  Memoirs  Med.,  1795. 

Binns,  Jonathan.  The  Miseries  and  Beauties  of 
Ireland,  2  vols.  Svo. 

"  His  volumes  are  temperate,  sensible,  and  interesting :  he  has  felt 
K8  well  as  thoxjght,  without  being  carried  away  by  that  violent  spirit 
ofpartisanship  which  for  so  long  a  period  seemed  to  possess  itself  of 
every  one  who  wrote  concerning  the  Emerald  Isle." — Lcm.  Allien. 

"An  excellent  book  both  for  interest  and  information." — IRsf- 
Viinster  Review. 


Birbeck,  Chris.     Med.  Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1701. 

Birch,  Rev.  Busby.     City  Latin,  1760,  Svo. 

Birch,  Charles.  Exposition  of  the  Collects  of  the 
Church  of  Engl.and,  2d  ed.,  Lon.,  1821.  12mo. 

Birch,  J.  V.     National  Defence,  ISOS,  Svo. 

Birch,  John,  Surgeon  Extraordinary  to  the  Prince 
of  Wales.     Pn.fessional  Treatises.  1779-1810. 

Birch,  John  B.  The  Cousins  of  Schiras;  trans, 
from  the  French,  1797,  2  vols.  12mo. 

Birch,  Peter,  b.  1652,  Prebendary  of  Westminster. 
Sermon  before  the  House  of  Commons,  16S9,  4to :  ditto, 
1694,  4to. 

"In  the  20th  page  of  which,  were  several  matters  running  thus, 
which  caused  some  of  the  said  house,  as  'twas  then  repoited,  to 
cry  out.  Ad  iguem  1  '  Are  not  our  very  blessings  .all  turned  into 
a  curse?  Our  boasted  freedom  is  now  only  a  liberty  to  bite  and 
devour  one  another,  ic'  .  .  .  On  the  20th  of  Feb.  following,  or 
thereabout,  came  out  an  answer  to  the  said  sermon  entit  A 
Birchen  Ix'od  .frr  I>r.Bircli.  .  .  .  This  answer,  wherein  are  many 
vile  things  against  King  Ch.  the  martyr,  was  supposed  then  to  be 
penn'd  by  the  author  of  A  Letter  from  Major  Cien.  Ludlow  to  Sir 
K.  S.  (Seymour.'') — Allien.  Orim. 

Funeral  Sermon,  Lon.,  1700,  4to. 

Birch,  Sampson.     Med.  Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1683. 

Birch,  Samuel,  b.  1757,  a  public-spirited  London 
Alderman,  a  son-in-law  of  Dr.  John  Fordyee,  pub.  a  num- 
ber of  dramatic  and  other  works:  Consilia,  1785,  12mo. 
The  M.ariners,  M.  E.,  1793.  The  Packet  Boat,  M.,  1794. 
The  Adopted  Child,  M.  D.,  1795.  The  Smugglers,  M.  D., 
1796.  Fast  Asleep,  M.  E..  1797,  N.  P.  Albert  and  Ade- 
laide, Rom.,  1798,  N.  P.     Speeches,  1805-7,  Svo. 

"Animated  in  the  cause  of  litentture,  combined  with  benevo- 
lence, the  poetical  effusinns  of  Mr,  I!ir,h,  and  his  mode  of  reciting 
them,  have  frequentlycall.il  Ibrlh  the  applause  of  the  members 
and  visitors  at  the  annual  nie.'tiugs  of  the  Literary  Fund."— J5iOff. 
Drcnnat. 

Birch,  Thomas.  Sermons,  1720-29,  Svo. 
Birch,  Thomas,  D.D.,  1705-66,  a  native  of  Clerken. 
well,  received  his  education  at  Quaker  schools,  to  which 
persuasion  his  parents  were  attached.  He  was  ordained 
deacon  in  the  Church  of  England,  1730,  priest,  1731,  by 
the  Bishop  of  Salisbury,  the  celebrated  Dr.  Uoadly.  To 
the  friendship  of  this  divine,  he  was  no  doubt  indebted  for 
several  of  his  preferments.  He  was  Vicar  of  Ulting,  Es- 
sex, 1734;  Rector  of  St  Margaret  Pattens  with  St.  Ga 
briel,  Fenchurch-street,  London,  1746;  Secretary  to  the 
Royal  Society,  1752  ;  Rector  of  Dcpden,  Essex,  1761.  Dr. 
Birch  was  an  industrious  writer,  as  is  evinced  by  his  nu- 
merous publications.  AVe  shall  notice  some  of  tlie  princi. 
pal.  His  first  literary  undertaking  was  The  General  Dic- 
tionary, Historical  and  Critical,  "in  which  a  new  and 
accurate  translation  of  that  of  the  celebrated  Mr.  B.ayle, 
with  the  corrections  and  observations  printed  in  the  late 
edition  at  Paris,is  included,  and  interspersed  with  several 
thousand  lives  never  before  prablished,"  Ac,  10  vols,  folio, 
Lon.,  1734 — 41.  In  this  lab.u'Ious  enterprise  ho  was  as- 
sisted by  the  Rev.  John  Peter  Bernard,  Mr.  John  Lock- 
man,  and  others.  The  articles  relating  to  Oriental  history 
were  allotted  to  Mr.  George  Sale,  who  was  admirably  qua- 
lified for  the  task.  This  Diction.ary  is  certainly  one  of  the 
most  valuable  compends  of  knowledge  in  the  English  lan- 
gu.age.  It  can  be  purchased  at  the  present  day  (1854)  for 
about  £7  to  £8.     The  editors  give 

"  Reflections  upon  such  passages  of  Mr.  Bayle  as  seem  to  favour 
skepticism  and  the  Manichee  system." 

Bayle's  faults  in  these  and  other  respects  are  well  known. 
Apart  from  such  objections,  he  is  a  delightful  companion, 
and  his  merits  have  been  widely  acknowledged  : 

"  He  is  the  only  man  that  ever  collected  with  so  much  judgment, 
and  wrote  with  so  much  spirit  at  the  s.ame  time." — Pope  ;  iSpcnce's 
Anecdotes. 

"  If  Bayle  wrote  his  Dictionary  to  .^rnptv  the  various  collections 

he  had  made  without  any  parti.  til;ir  (i.'^i'jii,  h itl.i  not  have 

chosen  abetter  plan.  By  the  doubl..  fn.-.t..m  of  a  lii.lli.nary  of 
Notes,  he  could  pitch  on  what  articles  he  pleased,  and  say  what  he 
pleased  on  these  articles." — (iidbon. 

"  Gibbon's  eubligy  of  B.ayle  is  at  once  concise  and  just,  and  no 
one  read  him  or  loved  bim  more  than  the  eulogist  biniself  Bayle 
was  a  man  of  immense  but  desultory  reading,  of  a  subtle  under- 
standing, and  of  indomitable  pationro  and'iudustry.  His  Dic- 
tionary is  as  a  Cornucopia  of  flowers,  bright,  blooming,  and  capti- 
vating."  DlBDIN. 

"  Bayle's  Diction.ary  is  a  very  useful  work  for  those  to  consult 
who  love  the  Biographical  part  of  Literatui-e,  which  is  what  I  love 
most." — Dr.  Joonson. 

In  1742,  7  vols,  folio.  Dr.  Birch  published  Thurloe'a 
Collection  of  State  Papers,  containing  Authentic  Memo- 
rials of  English  Afi'airs  from  1638  to  the  Restoration  of 
Charles  II. 

"These  State  Papers  form  an  excellent  History  of  Europe  during 
this  period,  and  are  at  once  a  proof  of  Ih  urioe's  abilities  as  a  states- 
man and  excellence  as  a  writer.'' — Granger. 

Tburloe  was  secretary  to  Oliver  Cromwell. 


BIB 


BIR 


The  Heads  of  Illustrious  Persons  of  Great  Britain,  with 
their  Lives  and  Characters,  2  vols,  fol.,  1743-52.  The  en- 
gravings are  by  Iloubraken,  Gravelot,  and  Vertue,  from 
original  paintings.  The  1st  vol.  contains  80  heads,  the 
2d  vol.  28.  Large  paper  copies  have  been  sold  at  high 
prices ;  Roxburghe,  £25  is. ;  Nassau,  £26  15s.  6d. ;  Heath, 
£34  13s.  An  edition,  with  retouched  impressions  of  the 
plates,  appeared  in  1813,  on  small  and  large  pajjer. 

Life  of  the  Hon.  Robert  Boyle,  1741,  and  1744,  Svo.  Of 
the  last  ed.  a  copy  with  MS.  notes  by  the  author  is  in  the 
British  Museum  ;  and  also  a  copy  with  his  MS.  notes  of 
his  Life  of  Archbishop  Tillotson,  Lon.,  1752.  Svo.  The 
Life  of  Boyle  contains  an  Appendix  of  Letters  from  Mr. 
John  Eliot  of  New  England  to  Mr.  Boyle,  relating  to  his 
services  in  the  propagation  of  the  Gospel  in  America,  with 
particulars  of  the  Indian  Bible;  Letters  of  Gov.  Win- 
throp,  &c. 

Memoirs  of  the  reign  of  Queen  Elizabeth  from  the  year 
15S1  till  her  death,  Lon.,  1754,  4to,  2  vols. 

"  Dr.  Birch  has  formed  his  narrative  out  of  tb<?  most  striking  facts 
in  the  numerous  letters  of  the  Bacon  Family,  though,  as  mi^ht  be 
expected,  the  letters  .are  much  abbreviated." 

The  character  of  the  Earl  of  Essex,  the  Cecils,  Bacons, 
and  other  eminent  personages  of  the  time,  will  be  found 
portrayed  in  these  volumes.  Inquiry  into  the  share  which 
King  Charles  I.  had  in  the  transactions  of  the  Earl  of 
Glamorgan,  Ac,  Lon.,  1747,  8vo.  View  of  the  Negotia- 
tion between  England,  France,  and  Brussels  from  1592  to 
1617,  Lon.,  174'J,  Svo.  Memoirs  of  Dr.  Ward,  176G.  Life 
of  Henry,  son  of  King  James  I.,  1760,  Svo.  Letters, 
Speeches,  Charges,  Advices,  Ac,  of  Lord  Bacon,  1763,  Svo. 
Birch's  Life  of  Bacon  is  prefixed  to  the  edition  of  Bacon's 
Worljs,  1765,  4to,  5  vols. 

*'  This  beautiful  and  accurjite  edition  was  corrected  throughout 
by  the  Rev.  John  tJambold,  and  the  Latin  volumes  revised  by  Mr. 
Bowyer." — Lowndes. 

History  of  the  Royal  Society  of  London,  Lon.,  1756,  4to, 
i  vols.  This  was  reviewed  by  Dr.  Johnson  in  tlie  Literary 
Magazine. 

Dr.  Birch  left  a  large  quantity  of  v.aluable  MSS.  to  the 
British  Museum,  and  there  has  been  lately  published  from 
them  The  Courts  and  Times  of  James  I.  and  Charles  I., 
4  vols.  Svo,  Lon.,  1S48. 

"In  it  will  be  found  many  important  particulars  of  English  nis- 
tory.  which  have  escaped  the  researches  of  every  historian,  even 
the  recent  ones  of  Mr.  Macaul.ay.  ...  In  its  illustrations  of  the 
literary  history  of  the  time  the  work  is  extremely  rich,  abounding 
in  anecdotes  of  Ben  .Jouson,  Carew,  Wither,  Daniel,  the  Killigrews, 
Sir  Henry  Saville,  Sir  Itobert  Cotton,  Camden,  the  brothers  Shir- 
ley, the  fiimous  travellers  Bacon,  Sir  Julius  Caesar,  Dr.  Donne,  Sir 
Ilenry  Wotton.  and  many  scholars  of  note,  both  at  home  and 
abroad.  Added  to  these  interesting  features,  the  work  contains 
notices  of  almost  every  person  of  celebrity  in  the  kingdom,  so  that 
there  is  scarcely  a  family  whose  members  have  figured  in  the  his- 
tory of  this  portion  of  the  seventeenth  century,  that  will  not  find 
in  these  volumes  some  reference  to  their  ancestors."  See  Biog. 
Brit. :  Cb<almers"s  Biog.  Diet. ;  Nichols's  Lit.  Anecdotes. 
Birch,  Walter.  Sermons,  1809-16. 
Birch,  William.  Delices  de  la  Grande  Bretagne, 
Lon.,  1791,  oblong  4to. 

"  In  little  estimation.'' — Lowndes. 

Songebetwene  the  Queue's  Majestie  and  Englande,  Lon., 
by  William  Pickcringe.  Reprinted  in  the  1 0th  vol.  Har- 
leian  M.SS.  from  a  copy  in  the  Library  of  the  Society  of 
Antiquaries. 

Birchal,  John.     Funeral  Sermon,  York,  1644,  fol. 
Birchall,  Samuel.     Provincial  Copper  Coins,  1797. 
Birchediis.     See  Birkhead,  Henry. 
Birchensha,  John.    Divine  Verities,  Lon.,  1655, 4to. 
Birchingtou,  Brychington,  orBryckinton,  Ste- 
phen, d.  about  1407?  was  a  Benedictine  monk  of  the 
church  of  Canterbury.      He  is  the  author  of  a  history  of 
the  Archbishops  of   Canterbury  to  the  year  1308.     This 
was  pub.  by  Wh.arton,  as  the  first  article  in  his  Anglia 
Sacra,  from  a  MS.  in  the  Lambeth  Library.     There  are  in 
the  same  MS.  vol.   histories  of  the  Kings  of  England  to 
1367,  of  the  Roman  Pontiffs  to  137S,  and  of  the  Roman 
emperors  to  about  the  same  date.     Wharton  ascribes  these 
to  Birchington.     They  have  never  been  published. 
Birchley,  William,  i.  c  Austin,  John,  which  see. 
Birckbeck,  Simon,  15S4-1656,  Fellow  of  Queen's 
College,  Oxford,  vicar  of  Gilling  in  Yorkshire.     Esteemed 
by  the  learned  i'or  his  knowledge  of  patristic  theology. 

The  Protestant's  Evidence,  taken  out  of  good  records, 
showing  that  for  1500  years  next  after  Christ,  the  weighty 
points  of  Religion  have,  l)y  God's  Church,  been  held  and 
taught  as  the  Church  of  England  now  doth,  Lon.,  1634, 
4to.  A  much  enlarged  edition,  1657,  fol.  A  new  edit, 
appeared  in  1849,  edited  by  Dr.  Cumming,  forming  vols. 
ii.  and  iii.  of  a  Supplement  to  Gibson's  Preservative  against 
Popery. 

192 


"The  book  was  valued  by  Selden,  and  other  learned  men,  .«■ 
3-aaise  therein  the  author  had  taken  groat  and  worthy  pains  in  pro- 
ducing (lut  of  every  century  witnesses  to  attest  the  doctrine  of  the 
Church  of  England  in  the  points  by  him  adduced  against  the  coa- 
traiy  doctrine  of  the  Trent  Council  and  the  Church  of  Home." — 
Wood. 

On  the  Four  Last  Things,  Lon.,  1655,  Svo. 

Bird,  Charles  Smith.  Theological  publications^ 
Lon.,  1S41,  &a.     12  Lectures  on  the  Church  Catechism. 

"This  little  work  should  be  read  by  .all  who  regard  religion  as 
the  sole  means  by  which  we  can  ultimately  arrive  at  a  future  happy 
state." — Oiurt  Gazette. 

"  These  sermons  have  considerable  merit." — London  Sptctatffr. 

Bird,  Edward.     Tract  against  Predestination,  Lon., 

1726,  Svo. 

Bird,  G.     Musical  works,  Lon.,  1589,  1605,  4to. 
Bird,  (i.     Practising  Scrivener,  1728,  fol. 
Bird,  Golding,M.D.,1815-lS54,  Professor  of  Materia 
Medica  at  Guy's  Hospital,  London.     This  distinguished 
physician  has  favoured  the  world  with  some  of  the  results 
of  his  learned  iuvestigations. 

Elements  of  Natural  Philosophy ;  being  an  Experimental 
Introduction  to  the  Physical  Sciences.  Hlustrated  with 
over  300  wood-cuts,  Lon".,  Svo ;  2d  ed.,  1S43 ;  3d  ed.,  Lon., 
184S,  fp.  Svo  J  4th  ed.,  in  conjunction  with  C.  Brooke,  1854, 
p.  Svo. 

"  This  work  teaches  us  the  elements  of  the  entire  circle  of  Na- 
tural Philosophy  in  the  clearest  and  most  perspicuous  manner. 
Light,  Magnetism,  Dynamics,  Meteorology,  Electricity,  &c.  are  set 
belbre  us  in  such  simple  forms,  and  in  so  forcible  a  way,  that  we 
cannot  help  understanding  their  laws,  their  operation,  and  the 
remarkable  phenomena  by  which  they  are  accompanied  or  signi- 
fied. As  a  volume  of  useful  and  beautiful  instruction  for  the 
young,  we  cordially  recommend  it." — Luml'ii  Literary  Gazftte. 

"  By  the  appearance  of  Dr.  Bird's  work,  the  student  has  now  all 
that  he  can  desire  in  one  neat,  concise,  and  well-digest*;d  volume. 
The  elements  of  natural  philosophy  are  explained  in  verj'  simple 
language  and  illustrated  by  numerous  wood-cuts.  .  .  .We  should 
like  to  know  that  Dr.  Bird's  book  was  associated  with  every  boys' 
and  girls'  school  throughout  the  kingdom." — Lon.  Medical  Gazette. 
"  We  have  great  pleasure  in  welcoming  a  new  edition  of  this  ex- 
cellent work,  which  we  strongly  recommended  to  our  readers  on  its 
first  appearance.  We  do  not  hesitate  to  pronounce  it  the  best 
Manual  of  Natxu-.al  Philosophy  in  our  Language." — British  aiid 
Foreign  Medical  Review. 

"  This  work  marks  an  advance  which  has  long  been  wanting  in 
our  system  of  instruction.  Dr.  Bird  has  succeeded  in  producing 
an  elementary  work  of  great  merit." — I^mdem  Athenaeuvi. 

"  The  best  epitome  in  the  English  Language  of  this  wide  range 
of  physical  subjects."' — N.  American  Heview,  April,  1851. 
Urinary  Deposits ;  2d  ed.,  1846,  p.  Svo ;  5th  ed.,  by  E.  L. 
Birkett,  1S57,  Svo.  Lectures  on  Electricity  aud  Gal- 
vanism in  their  Physiological  and  Therapeutical  Rela- 
tions, delivered  at  the  Royal  College  of  Physicians ;  re- 
vised and  extended,  1849,  12mo. 

"  Like  every  thing  which  proceeds  from  their  able  author,  these 
Lectures  are  eminently  lucid.  .  .  .  We  strongly  recommend  the 
study  of  Dr.  Golding  Bird's  valuable  little  volume."— Z«!.  Journal 
of  MediciTie. 

"  The  volume  will  be  found  useful  by  those  practitioners  who 
desire  to  acquh-e  a  practical  knowledge  of  the  therapeutical  appli- 
cations of  electricity.'' — London  Medical  Gazette. 

Republished  in  U.S.,  where  they  are  very  popular.  See 
J.  H.  Balfour's  Biographical  Sketches  of  Dr.  Bird,  1855, 
12mo;  Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  July,  1S55,  102. 

Bird,  Henry  M.   National  Debt  and  Taxes,  17S0,  Svo. 
Bird,  J.  Superius  Cantiones,Ac.,Lon.,1575,  6  vols.  4to. 
Bird,  J.     Verschuir's  Oration  translated,  ISIO. 
Bird,  James  B.     Legal  treatises,  Lon.,  1794-1815. 
Original  Precedents  of  Settlements,  Lon.,  1800,  Svo. 

"These  are  the  best  forms  of  that  species  of  assurance  with 
which  the  profession  has  at  any  time  been  presented.  They  bear 
evident  marks  of  technical  precision  and  skill,  and  the  language 
in  particular  of  most  of  them,  is  peculiarly  chaste,  expressive,  aud 
appropriate." 

Bird,  John.     Grounds  of  Grammar,  Oxf.,  1639,  Svo. 
Bird,  John.    Ostenta  Carolina ;  or  the  late  Calamities 
of  England,  with  the  Authors  of  them,  Lon.,  1661,  4to. 
Bird,  John.     Divine  Ambassador,  1663,  4to. 
Bird,  John.     Astronomical  Instruments,  Lon.,  1767, 
4to.     Mural  Quadrants,  Lon.,  1768,  4to. 
Bird,  John.     Romances,  1795-1816. 
Bird,  R.     A  Communication,  Lon.,  1595,  Svo. 
Bird,  Robert  Montgomery,  M.D.,  1803-1854,  was 
a  native  of  Newcastle,  Delaware.     He  gave  early  indica- 
tions of  the  uncommon  powers  of  miud  which  distinguish 
his  literary  productions.     Selecting  the  profession  of  medi- 
cine, after  a  due  course  of  studies,  he  graduated  at  the 
University  of  Pennsylvania.     He  wrote  for  the  stage  the 
tragedies  of  The  Gladiator,  Oraloosa,  and  The  Broker  of 
Bogotti,  wliich  were  highly  successful.     In  1S34  he  pub. 
Calavar,  or  the  Knight  of  the  Conquest,  a  Romance  of 
Mexico.     This  work  has  been  commended  by  an  eminent 
authority  in  matters  pertaining  to  Spanish-American  His- 
tory : 


BIK 

"  The  auihor  has  studied  with  great  care  the  costume,  manners, 
md  military  usa;;es  of  the  natives,  and  has  done  for  them  what 
Mr.  Cooper  h:is  doue  for  the  wild  tribes  of  the  north, — touched 
their  rude  features  with  the  bright  colouring  of  a  poetic  fancy. 
He  has  be«.-n  equally  fortunate  in  bis  delineations  of  the  pictu- 
resi^ue  scenery  of  the  laud;  and  if  he  has  been  less  so  in  attempts 
ing  to  revive  the  antique  dialogue  of  the  Spanish  cavalier,  we  must 
not  be  surprised  :  nothing  is  more  diOicult  than  the  skilful  execu- 
tion of  a  modern  antique." — W.  H.  Prescott,  in  a  note  to  his  His- 
tory of  the  Conquest. 

''  The  scene  is  laid  in  Mexico,  at  the  time  of  the  invasion  of 
Cortez.  in  16.10.  The  romantic  incidents  of  that  renowned  conquest, 
when  Spanish  rule  gained  a  steadfast  footing  upon  the  northern 
half  of  this  continent,  have  furnished  the  materials  of  a  fiction 
bordering  closely  upon  the  accuracy  of  history.  With  the  excep- 
tion of  Prescott's  magnificent  annals  of  this  period,  we  are  not 
acquainted  with  any  work  from  which  so  clear  a  conception  of  those 
times  can  be  gathered  as  from  Calavar.  It  is  crowded  with  graphic 
descriptions  and  scenes  of  the  most  intense  excitement.  The  au- 
thor revels  among  the  variegated  vegetation  of  that  sunny  clime, 
and  sings  the  b«auty  of  the  black-eyed  fair  ones  with  a  rhapsodist's 
enthusiasm  " 

In  1835  appeared  The  Infidel,  or  the  Fall  of  Mexico. 
This  is  a  sequel  to  the  preceding  work,  although  each  is 
complete  in  itself.  The  Hawks  of  Hawk  Hollow,  a  tradi- 
tion of  Pennsylvania,  was  pub.  in  the  same  year.  Shep- 
pard  Lee  appeared  (anonymously)  in  1836,  .and  in  the  next 
year  the  publication  of  Nick  of  the  Wood.s,  or  tlie  Jibbe- 
nainosay,  gave  fresh  evidence  of  Dr.  Bird's  rapidity  of 
composition.  A  collection  of  the  author's  contributions 
to  periodicals  was  pub.  in  1S3S.  under  the  title  of  Peter 
Pilgrim,  or  a  Rambler's  llecollcL-tions.  The  last  of  his 
novels,  The  Adventures  of  Robin  Day,  was  given  to  the 
world  in  1S39.  After  living  in  retirement  for  some  years 
at  Newcastle,  Delaware,  in  1S47  Dr.  Bird  became  associ- 
ated with  another  gifted  son  of  genius,  Morton  McMichael, 
{'/.  V.)  as  joint  proprietor  and  editor  of  the  (Philadelphia) 
North  American  and  United  States  Gazette.  In  the  co- 
lumns of  this  journal,  (January  24,  1854.)  will  be  found 
an  eloquent  tribute  liy  Mr.  McM.  to  the  memory  of  bis 
departed  friend.  Dr.  Bird  was  a  man  of  great  versatility 
of  talent,  and  was  equally  familiar  with  the  graver  investi- 
gations of  the  exact  sciences  and  the  flowery  paths  of 
belles-lettres  literature;  to  which  he  added  nu  tlight  pro- 
ficiency in  the  ornamental  arts. 

"  He  leaves  bt-hind  him  few  of  more  vast  and  varied  erudition, 
of  a  wider  range  of  knowledge,  practical  as  well  as  scholastic,  not 
superficial  nor  doubtful;  but  profound,  positive,  and  accurate. 
Add  to  these  feculties  a  large  comprehension,  quickness,  and 
power;— an  imagination  active  as  the  principle  of  light,  and  a 
judgment  unerring  as  mathematical  demonsti-ation— and  such  was 
the  intellectual  condition  of  Dr.  Bird.'' — Morton  McMichael. 

Bird,  Samuel.     Theolog.  treati.=es,  Lon..  1580-93. 

Bird,  Thomas.     Almanack  for  ]fil2,  Lon.,  8vo. 

Bird,  William.  The  Magazine  of  Honour,  or  a  Trea- 
tise on  the  several  degrees  of  the  Nobility  of  this  king- 
dom, with  their  rights  and  privileges,  also  Knights  and 
Esquires,  &c.,  enlarged  by  Sir  John  Dodridge,  Lon.,  1642, 
]2rao. 

-Although  this  treatise  contains  little  more  than  the  argu- 
ment of  jMr.  8erg.  Dodridge  in  the  disputed  question  regarding 
the  Barony  of  Abergavenny,  it  is  well  deserving  uf  perusal  by  per'- 
sons  interested  in  the  history  of  the  peerage.  The  volume  has 
had  several  title-pages," — Lowndes. 

Bird,  William.     Con.  to  Mem.  Med.,  &c.,  1778-95. 

Bird,  William.     See  Byrd. 

Birkbeck,  George,  M.D..  177G-184L  A  Compre- 
hensive and  Systematic  Display,  Theoretical  and  Practical, 
of  the  Arts  and  Manufactures  of  Great  Britain  and  Ire- 
land, Lon..  1826.  Ac.  Mathematics  Practically  Applied  to 
the  Useful  and  Fine  Arts.  By  Buron  Dupin  ,-  adapted  to 
the  State  of  the  Arts  in  England  by  G.  B. 

■■This  work  bids  fair  to  supply  the  deficiency  in  an  important 
branch  of  science.  For  this  purpose  we  most  cordially  recommend 
it." — £f-rt.  New  Monthli/  Mug. 

Birkbeck,  Morris.  Notes  in  a  Journey  through 
France,  1815,  Svo.  Notes  on  a  Journey  in  America,  from 
the  Coast  of  Virginia  to  the  Territory  of  Illinois;  2d  edit., 
Lon.,  1818,  Svo.     Letters  from  Illinois. 

••  We  have  no  hesitation  in  pronouncing  this  one  of  the  most 
interesting:  and  instructive  books  that  have  appeared  for  many 
years." — Edinburgh  Jin-iew. 

'■Detestintr.  as  we  most  cordially  do,  all  the  principles  avowed 
M  Mr.  Birkbeck.  moral  and  politi.al.  (religious,  as  we  have  seen, 
ht-  has  none.)  we  are  ready  to  give  him  the  credit  of  having  written 
an  entertaining  little  volume  of  Xotes.  In  his  letters  from  Illi- 
nois there  is  nothing  that  can  excite  the  least  degree  of  interest." 
— Lfm.  Quartcrh/  Iipvimv. 

"  He  has  certainly  made  an  excellent  volume  on  the  condition 
and  prospects  of  that  country.  [America.]  and  one  which,  in  our 
opinion,  claims  the  superiority  over  any  other  that  has  been  is- 
sued. ...  A  mass  of  curious  and  most  valuable  information,  and 
conveyed  in  a  very  truthful  colouring  and  simpli-  manner  of  writ- 
ing. ,  .  .  The  travels  over  France  are  very  amusing  and  instruc- 
tive, and  are  simply  expressed."' — Donaldson's  AgricuU.  Bicg. 
13 


BIR 

I      Birkenhead,  or  Berkenhead,  Sir  John,  1615  ?- 

I  1679,  was  entered  a  servitor  of  Oriel  College.  Oxford,  in 

1632.     During  the  Civil  War.  to  Birkenhead  was  confided 

the  editorship  of  Mercuriua  Attiicux,  or  the  Court  Mercury, 

the  vehicle  of  communication  between  the  court  at  Oxford 

j  and  the  rest  of  the  kingdom.     It  was  printed  weekly  in 

I  one  sheet,  and  sometimes  more.     It  was  pub.  from  Janu- 

j  ary  1,  1642,  to  the  end  of  1646.  and  atterwards  occasiun- 

I  aWy.     This  Court  journal  wji^  opposed  by  the  Parliament 

in    the  Mercurius   Britannicus,    written    by    Marchamont 

Neudbam.     Sir  John  excelled  in  satirical  wit,  and  pub.  a 

number  of  works  in  which  this  dangerous  talent  was  not 

spared.     The  Assembly  Man,  written  in  1647,  printed  in 

1662-63.     This  was  intended  as  a  representative  of  the 

Westminster  divines  who  favoured  the  Presbyterian  plan. 

'•  The  copy  of  it  was  taken  from  the  author  by  those  who  said 
they  could  not  rub  because  all  was  theirs:  so  exciz'd  what  they 
liked  n«it.  and  so  manixled  and  reformed  it  that  'twas  no  character 
of  an  assembler,  but  of  themselves." — Alhen.  Oxon. 

News  from  Pembroke  and  Montgomery,  1648.  Two 
Centuries  of  St.  Paul's  Churchyard,  1649,  4to,  pub.  in 
three  separate  sheets. 

"  The  spirited  humour  of  this  little  book  is  admirable,  and  wor- 
thy the  peu  of  a  Butler."— 1'atekso.\  :  Bibl.  n'estmiia,  p.  2(15. 

Dr.  Grey  uses  it  freely  in  his  notes  on  Hudibras,  See 
Censura  Literaria,  ISlo,  vi.  290. 

The  Four-legged  Quaker.  A  New  Ballade  of  a  Famous 
German  Prince.  Besides  other  pieces  of  his  own,  Birken- 
head pub.  at  the  desire  of  Robert  Waring,  who  wished  to 
be  unknown,  his  Effigies  Amoris.  Ac,  Lon.,  1649,  12mo. 
Mr.  Norris,  of  Bemerton,  trans,  this  work  under  the  title 
of  The  Picture  of  Love  Unveiled,  1682. 

"Satire  was  Birkenhead's  principal  excellence,  and  in  genuine 
powers  of  lidicule  he  had  no  superior  at  a  time  when  those  powers 
were  called  forth  and  well  rewarded  by  both  parties." 

The  Assembly  Man,  Two  Centuries  of  St.  Paul's  Church- 
yard, and  News  from  Pembroke  and  Montgomery,  will  be 
found  reprinted  in  the  Harleian  Miscellany,  vols.  v.  and  ix. 

Birkhead,  Henry,  b.  1617.  was  educated  at  Trinity 
College.  Oxford,  joined  the  Jesuits  at  St.  Omer's,  returned 
to  the  Church  of  England,  and  was,  by  the  influence  of 
Archbishop  Laud,  elected  Fellow  of  All  Souls'.  In  Trapj^'a 
Lectures  on  Poetry  he  is  styled  '* Founder  of  the  Poetical 
Lectures,"  1707.  Poemata,  &c.,  Oxon..  1656, 12mo.  Otium 
Literarium,  Ac,  (with  H.  Stubbe,)  1656,  Svo.  He  pub. 
some  of  the  works  of  Henry  Jacob,  and  wrote  some  Latin 
elegies  on  the  loyalists  who  suffered  for  their  adherence  to 
Charles  L 

*■  He  was  accounted  an  excellent  Latin  poet,  a  good  Grecian, 
and  Wd-ll  versed  in  all  human  learning.' — Athen.  Oxon. 

Birkhead,  Henry.     See  Burkhead. 

Birkin,  William.  A  new  edit,  of  Jones's  Sheridan'a 
Dictionary,  completely  corrected  and  enlarged  by  the  ad- 
dition of  several  hundred  words. 

'■  Immense  pains  and  labour  have  been  bestowed  in  revising  the 
present  edition  of  this  popular  work.  The  accentuation,  pronun- 
ciation, and  definition  of  every  word  have  been  most  carefully  ex- 
amined ;  and  the  editor  trusts  he  has  made  it  a  valuable  and  use- 
ful assistant  to  the  studimt." 

Birkitt,  Edward,     Sermons,  1770-80,  4to. 

Birks,  A.  and  J.     Arithmet.  Collections,  1765. 

Birks,  T.  R.,  Kector  of  Kelshall,  Herts.  Theolog. 
Treatises,  1S43,  &c.  Rev.  E.  Bickersteth  considers  this 
author's  Elements  of  Prophecy  (1843,  12mo) 

"  A  full  answt-r  to  difficulties  raised  by  futurists." 

Birnie,  William,  Minister  of  Lanark.  The  Blame 
of  Kirkliurial,  tending  to  persuade  Cemitcrial  Civility, 
Edin.,  l()Or,,  4to.      Reprinted.  Lon.,  1833.  4to. 

Birrell, Andrew.  Henry  and  Almeira,Trag.,1802,8vo. 
The  name  of  this  author  occurs  in  Biographia  Dramatica, 
already  noticed  by  us  in  our  article  on  David  Erskine 
Baker,  (cnife.) 

Birt,  Isaiah.     Vindication  of  the  Baptists,  1795. 

Birt,  John,     Theolog.  Treatises.  18i;:!-I4. 

Birt,  John.  A  Summary  of  the  Principles  and  His- 
tory of  Popery,  Svo. 

"  We  have  .seldom,  if  ever,  seen  so  large  a  body  of  facts,  exhi- 
bited with  perfect  perspicuity,  within  so  small  a  compass :  the  au- 
thor's complete  mastery  of  the  snbji*ct  ajipears  from  the  ease  with 
which  he  has  condensed  an  immense  mass  of  historical  matter, 
without  thf  least  indication  of  disorder  or  confusion." — Rev.  Robt. 
Ham,:  Edniic  Ifevicw,  May.  1S24. 

Birt,  William  R a dcIitTe.  The  Hurricane  Guide,  Svo. 

"  This  work  is  one  which  demands  the  attention  of  all  who  are 
interested  in  the  well-being  of  that  large  portion  of  our  fellow- 
countrvmen  engaged  in  'business  on  the  deep  waters.'  We  would 
urge  all  who  are  in  any  way  connected  with  those  mightv  steamers 
to  procure  a  copy,  study  it  well,  and  follow  the  author's  advice, 
lie  is  well  known  in  scientitic  circles  as  having  devoted  close  atten- 
tion for  many  years  to  the  subject  of  atmospheric  waves,  and  from 
his  position,  his  opinions  are  worthy  of  the  mostatteutive  regard.'* 
— Hampshire  IndQM-ndinL 

193 


BIS 

Bisbie,  Nathaniel,  D.D.,  d.  1695,  rector  of  Long 
Meliurd,  near  Sudljuiy,  Suflfulk.  Sermons^  1682,  '83,  '84, 
'86. 

"  Esteemed  an  excellent  preacher,  and  a  zealous  person  for  the 
Church  of  Knj^laud;  but,  IfiVKi,  refusin-;  to  take  the  oaths  to  King 
William  III.  and  Queen  Mary,  was  deprived  of  his  rectory.'' — 
Athft}.  Osnn. 

Bischoff,  David,     The  Nomenclator,  1781,  8vo. 
Bischort,  Fred.,  Oculist.    A  Treatise  on  the  Extrac- 
tion of  the  Catiimt't,  Lon..  1793,  8vo. 

Bischoff,  James*  A  Comprehensive  History  of  the 
Woollen  Trade,  Lon.,  2  vols.  8vo. 

*•  Mr.  Bischoffs  work  will  be  found  valuable  to  all  persons  inte- 
rested in  the  subject." — Lon.  Atheticpuin. 

'•  A  vast  mass  of  curious  and  valuable  information,  acceptable 
to  readers  of  varied  tastes,  even  though  quite  unconnected  with 
manufactures  and  trade." — Lnn.  Tinier,-. 

Bisco,  John*    Theolog.  Treatises,  Lon.,  1655-65,  8vo. 
Biscoe,  C*     Stututes  and  Laws  uf  the  Isle  of  Man; 
from  the  Ori^nniil  Records.     Printed  at  Douglass,  8vo. 

Biscoe,  Richard,  d.  1748,  rector  of  St.  Martin  Out- 
wich,  London.  The  History  of  the  Acts  of  the  Holy 
Apostles,  confirmed  from  other  authors,  and  considered  as 
full  evidence  of  the  Truth  of  Christianity;  being  the  sub- 
stance of  his  sermons  at  the  Bovle  Lectures  in  1736,  '37, 
'38,  Lou.,  1742,  2  vols.  8vo ;  Oxford,  1S29,  1  vol.  8vo ; 
1840,  1  vol.  Svo.  Trans,  into  German,  Magdeburg, 
1751,  4to. 

"  An  elaborate  and  valuable  work,  showinp;,  in  the  most  con- 
Tiuciug  way.  how  incontestably  the  Acts  of  the  Apostles  demon- 
stratt'  the  truth  of  Christianity." — Dr.  DoDPRinuE. 

'■These  volumes  afford  some  valuable  information  on  the  topics 
of  which  they  treat.  Dr.  Lightfoot  had  before  collected  a  great 
deal  on  the  same  subject,  but  it  is  better  ditcested  in  the  work  of 
Mr.  r>is,coe:^—Orme's  B'b.  Bihl. 

Bishop,  Alfred*  Christian  Memorials  of  the  19th 
Century,  or  Select  Evangelical  Biography  for  the  last  25 
years. 

"  In  this  work  will  be  found  the  memoirs  of  above  forty  eminent 
individuals  of  both  sexes;  and  a  work  better  suited  for  a  pre.sent 
to  young  people,  or  for  a  Sunday-school  library,  cannot  well  be 
found." 

Bishop,  Charles,     Sermons,  1769.  4to. 
Bishop,    George.      New    England    Judged,    1661. 
This   is  au   account  of  the  persecutions  endured  by  the 
Quakers  in  New  England  **  from  the  beginning  of  the  5th 
m..  1656.  to  the  end  of  the  lOth  m.,  1660." 
Bishop,  Hawley.     Sermon,  1747,  Svo. 
Bishop,  Sir  Henry  Itowley,  1783-1855,  Professor 
of  Music  in  the  University  of  Oxturd,  is  the  only  musical 
professor  who  has  been  honoured  by  the  compliment  of 
knighthood.     He  is  the  author  of  numerous  musical  com- 
positions. 

Bishop,  Joel  P.,  b.  1814,  atVolney.  Oswego  county, 
N.  York.  Commentaries  on  the  Law  of  Marriage  and  Di- 
vorce, and  Evidence  in  Matrimonial  Suits,  Boston,  1853, 
Svo:  2d  ed.,  1S56. 

'*  Ilis  references  to  cases  and  to  writers  are  copious:  the  results 
of  the  decisions,  in  so  far  as  they  have  resulted  in  establishing  a 
rule,  are  clearly  stated;  and  his  reasoninss  on  open  questions  and 
conflicting  doctrines  are  forcible,  suggestive,  and  illustrated  with 
very  ample  learning." — RuFUS  Choate. 

"  A  very  valuable  addition  to  our  legal  literature.  Such  an  Ame- 
rican book  was  mucli  wanted,  and  the  autlmr  has  accomi)Iished  his 
work  in  a  manner  highly  creditable  tn  him." — L<tiv  Reporter. 

Commentaries  on  the  Criminal  Law,  Boston,  2  vols.  Svo: 
vol.  i..  1856;  vol.  ii..  1858. 

Bishop,  John.  BeavtifvU  Blossomes  gathered  from 
the  best  Trees  of  all  kyndes,  Ac,  Lnndnn,  for  Henrie 
Cockyn,  1577,  4to.  Reprinted,  1578,  4to,  under  the  title 
of  A  Garden  of  Recreation. 

Bishop,  John.  The  Messiah,  and  the  Creation;  for 
Voice  and  Piano,  Lon.,  2  vols,  fol.,  1843. 

''The  great  merit  of  both  these  works  appears  to  consist  in  the 
different  airs  being  thoroughly  incorporated  in  the  instrumental 
parts."— i>m.  Thms,  .Jan.  21.  1S43. 

Bishop,  Mary*  Poetical  Tales  and  Miscellanies, 
1812.     St.  Oswald:  and  other  Poems,  1813. 

Bishop,  Matthew.  His  Life  and  Adventures,  Lon., 
1744,  Svo. 

'*  Matthew  was  a  perfect  original ;  and  in  his  description  of  his 
own  exploits  has  unconsciously  given  an  extremely  laughaT>le 
sketch  of  the  peculiarities  nf  a  British  s:iil<ir."  I?ee  this  Ueview 
in  Ketrospec.  Hev.,  N.  S.  ii.  42. 

Bishop,  R*  East  India  Navigator's  Assistant,  Lon., 
1773,  4to. 

Bishop,  Rev,  Samuel,  1731-1795,  Master  of  Mer- 
chant Tailor  Scliool,  London;  and  a  poet.  Essays  and 
Poems,  1763.  Feriie  PoeticEe,  1764,  4to.  Poetical  Works, 
with  Mem.  of  his  Life  by  Rev.  T.  Clare,  Lon.,  1796.  2  vols. 
4to.  Sermons,  Lon.,  1798.  Svo.  Tbe  Faroe  of  High  Life 
Below  Stairs,  ascribed  to  Garrick,  is  said  to  have  been  the 
production  of  Mr.  Bishop. 


BIS 

■  -Bishop,  Thomas.  Eight  Sermons  at  Lady  Meyer's 
Lecture,  Lon.,  1726,  Svo.  Abridgt.  of  Pearson's  Exposi- 
tion of  the  Creed.  Lon.,  1729,  Svo. 

Bishop,  William.     Sermons,  Oxf.,  1823,  '25,  '28. 

Bishop,  William,  15oo-1624,  Vicar  Apostolical  in 
England,  and  the  first  Popish  Bishop  sent  thither  after  the 
Reformation,  was  a  native  of  Brayles  in  Warwickshire. 
A  Reproof  of  Dr.  Abbott's  Defence  of  the  Catholic  Re- 
formed, by  W.  Perkins,  Lon.,  1608,  4to.  Disproof  of  Dr. 
Abbott's  Counter-Proof  against  Dr.  Bishop's  Reproof  of 
Mr.  Perkin's  Reformed  Catholic.  Part  1,  Paris,  1614,  Svo. 
For  a  list  of  his  works  see  Bliss's  Wood's  Athen.  Oxon..  ii. 
356.  He  pub.  an  edit,  of  Pits's  De  lUustrihus  Anglicae 
Scriptoribus,  1623,  to  which  he  wrote  a  very  learned 
preface. 

"  lie  was  sent  into  England  by  the  holy  see  for  the  comfort  of 
Catholics,  where  he  so  modestly  behaved  himself,  that  he  was  by 
all,  both  clergy  and  seculars,  dearly  beloved  and  honoured." — 
Thomas  White,  a  Benedictine  monk  of  Douay. 

Bishop,  Sir  William.     Con.  to  Med.  Facts,  ISOO. 

Bishopric,  Robert.  Con.  to  Med.  Com.,  1793,  '94,  '95. 

Bishton,  1.  General  View  of  the  Agricult.  of  the 
County  of  Salop,  with  Observations  on  the  Means  of  its 
Improvement,  Lon.,  1794,  4to. 

■■  It  set-ms  to  be  one  of  the  meanest  county  reports. " — Donald- 
son'n  Agricult.  Biog. 

Bispham,  Thomas.     Iter  Australc,  &q.,  1548,  4to. 

"  An  ingenious  Latin  pneni." — Wonn. 

Bissat,  Bissct,  or  Bissart,  Patrick,  1500-1568, 
Professor  of  Canon  Law  in  the  University  of  Bonomia,  in 
Italy,  was  descended  from  the  Earls  of  Fife  in  Scotland, 
and  born  in  that  country.  P.  Bissarti  Opera  Omnia:  viz., 
Poemata,  Orationes,  Lectiones  B'eriales,  Venice,  1565,  4to. 

'■  He  was  not  only  a  learned  civilian,  but  an  excellent  poet,  ora- 
tor, and  philnsripher." 

Bisse,  James.     Sermons  at  Paules  Crosse,  1580,  '84. 

Bisse,  Philip,  Bishop  of  St.  David's,  1710;  Here- 
ford, 1712.     Sermons,  1710,  '11,  '17.  4to. 

Bisse,  Thomas,  d.  1731,  brother  of  the  above,  was 
educated  at  Corpus  Christi  College,  Oxf.  He  pub.  a  num- 
ber of  Sermons.  Ac,  170S-29,  .and  a  vol.  of  Discourses  on 
the  Lord's  Prayer  was  pub.  1740,  Svo.  His  Beauty  of 
Holiness,  in  the  Common  Prayer,  has  been  highly  com- 
mended : 

•'Interesting  and  attractive,  it  treats  upon  matters  entirely 
overlooked  by  previous  and  subsenuent  commentators." 

Bisset,  Andrew,  A  Practical  Treatise  on  the  Law 
of  Estates  for  Life,  Lon.,  1S42,  Svo. 

"  Mr.  liisset's  book  contains  all  that  is  essential  within  its  pro- 
fnund  range,  and  displays  equal  learning  and  judgment." — Mar- 
vin^K  Lrgal  BibL 

Bisset,  Charles,  M.D..  1717-1791,  for  some  time  a 
lieutenant  in  the  royal  army,  pub.  a  number  of  medical  and 
other  works.  Treatise  on  Fortifications,  Lon.,  1751.  4to. 
The  Medical  Constitution  of  Great  Britain,  1700.  Medi- 
cal Essays  and  Observations.  These  works  were  trans, 
into  German  by  Moeller,  Breslau,  1779-81.  In  Pcttigrew's 
Memoirs  and  "Corresp.  of  Lcttsom,  will  be  found  an  intc- 
testing  medical  corresp.  between  Drs.  Bisset  and  Lettsom. 

Bisset,  J.  Poetical  works,  Essays  on  the  Drama,  &c., 
1800,  '02.  '04. 

Bissct,  Robert,  a  Scotchman,  d.  1805,  aged  46.  a 
schoolmaster  and  an  author.  Life  of  E'lmund  Burke, 
Lon.,  1798,  Svo.  Douglass,  a  Novel,  1800.  History  of 
the  Reign  of  George  III.,  6  vols.  Svo,  Lon.,  1804. 

"  The  author's  chief  aim  has  been  to  discover  all  that  was  favour- 
able in  the  public  I'b.irncti'rs  of  the  day;  a  dispo.sition  which,  how- 
ever amiable,  depii^  rs  bi^t^rv  of  one  of  her  most  august  func- 
tions."—i-m.  MoHihia  ;.'.'('"•.■  1804. 

"Dr.  liissefs  Ilist'iiy  is  lii-hly  praiseworthy — it  narrates  with 
greater  detail  and  coniiili'liinss  than  M.iefarlane,  Belsham,  or 
Adolphus,  the  transactions  nf  ibr  present  reign.  The  style  is  na- 
tural, yet  elegant;  the  intornKitinn  abundant,  yet  select;  the  cri- 
ticism loyal,  yet  liberal.  In  short,  it  .appears  to  us  more  likely  than 
any  of  the  rival  histories  to  annex  itself  to  Hume  and  ^ni'Mlitt, 
as  the  regular  and  generally-received  continuation  of  the  History 
of  Knglaud." — An.  Hfv.  vol.  iii. 

"We  must  recommend  this  as  a  work  replete  with  both  infor- 
mation and  amusement — and  while  it  is  free  from  any  spirit  of 
party,  it  breathes  thi-oughout  a  firm  attachment  to  temporal  free- 
dom and  the  spirit  of  the  British  Constitution,  a  sincere  regard 
for  the  British  character,  and  a  Just  veneration  for  the  rights  of 
reason,  of  religion,  and  morality.*' — Lit.  Journ.,  vol.  iii. 

Modern  Literature,  a  Novel,  1804, 12mo.     Dr.  B.  edit,  the 

''  Spectator  with  illustrative  notes,  and  very  ingenious  lives  of 
the  authors."     8  vols.  Svo,  1790. 

Bisset,  Thomas.     Sermons.  Edin.,  1788,  Svo. 

Bisset,  William,  Rector  of  Whiston,  Northampton- 
shire. Sermons  on  the  Reformation  of  Manners,  1704,  8vo. 
The  Modern  Fanatick,  being  an  Account  of  Dr.  Saeheverell, 
1710-11,  Svo.  This  coarse  iittack  was  answered  by  Dr.  S.'s 
friends,  which  response  elicited  another  pamphlet  from 
Bisset.     Puueral  Sermon,  1727,  Svo.     Bisset  and  his  oppo- 


BIT 


BLA 


nents  seem  neither  to  hare  given  quarter  nor  have  asked 
fur  any. 

Biterswij;£r,  Pendavid.  Three  Original  Poems; 
wilh  his  Will  and  Teslament,  (posth.) 

Blaauw,  Wm.  Henry.  Tiie  Barons'  War,  in- 
cludiut;  the  Battles  of  Lewes  and  Evesham. 

'■  In  thelouj,'  I'eign  of  Henry  III.,  the  mnst  interesting  occurrence 
is  the  Barons'  War,  in  the  midst  of  which  Parliament  first  acquired 
its  representative  character  under  the  intiuence  of  Simon  de 
Montfort.  The  circumstances  of  this  detached  period  of  British 
history  have  been  combined  with  such  detailed  particulars  of  the 
persons  who  took  part  in  them  as  an  examination  of  the  docu- 
ments, chronicles,  and  poems  of  that  ay;e  seems  to  warrant." 
Black.  Speeches  at  Synod  of  Ulster  in  1S12. 
Black,  David,  1762-1806,  Minister  of  Lady  Tester's 
Chureh,  Edinburgh.  Sermons  on  Important  Subjects, 
Edin.,  1808,  Svo. 

"  These  sermons  are  models  for  pulpit  composition :  they  discover 
an  intimate  acquaintance  with  the  doctrines,  and  enforce  the  pre- 
cepts of  Christianity  upon  principles  arisin-,'  tlirrt-frnm." 

"  Black's  sermons  abnund  in  good  sense  and  useful  observations, 
and  just  seutimeuts  of  religion  conveyed  in  lively  and  elegant 
Lintruaije.'' — Blshop  Porteu«. 

Black,  James.  Tillage  of  the  Earth,  and  Theory  of 
Instruments  adapted  to  this  End,  Lon..  1778,  4to. 

"Along  dissertation  on  the  relative  advanta^res  of  horses  and 
oxen  as  beasts  of  diau'^ht.  the  prime  cost  and  maintenance  of  each 
animal,  is  hardly  able  to  establish  the  ox  as  superior  to  the  horse, 
which  seems  to  he  the  object  of  the  calculation.  The  sketches  of 
implements  are  little  worth." — Donaldson's  AqHruU.  Binfj, 

Black,  John.  Palfeoromaiea,  or  Historical  and  Phi- 
lolon;ical  Disquisitions.  &q..,  Lon.,  1823,  Svo.  The  hypo- 
thesis maintained  in  this  work  is  that  the  received  text  of 
the  Greek  Testament  is  a  servile  trans,  from  a  Latin  ori- 
ginal long  since  lost,  and  that  this  trans,  was  made  by  a 
writer  imperfectly  acquainted  with  both  of  the  languages  in 
question.  See  criticisms  upon  i\\\?  production  in  reviews 
of  it  by  Rt.  Rev.  Dr.  Blorafield,  Bishop  of  London;  Brit. 
Critic,  1823;  Rev.  J.  J.  Conybeare's  Examination,  Oxf.. 
1823;  Rev.  W.  C.  Broughton's  Examination.  Lon.,  1S23, 
8voj  Bishop  Burgess's  P.S.  to  2d  ed.  Vindie.  of  1  John 
V.  7,  (Lon.,  1823)  and  in  Home's  Introduction. 

"  Absurd  reasoninus  and  mischievous  tendency  of  this  paradoxi- 
cal publication." — T.  II.  Horne. 

'■  It  is  a  work  of  very  extensive  readin;;  and  research,  and 
abounds  with  valuable  quotations.  But  the  materials  are  as  des- 
titute of  selection  as  the  author's  strictures  are  of  simplicity  and 
candnur." — Posfscnpt,  p.  19ti. 

Black,  John.  Theolog.  and  poetical  works.  1785-lSOl. 

Black,  Johu,  Mutiny  on  the  Lady  Shore,  Lon., 
171)S.  Svo. 

Black,  John,  178.3-1855.  Editor  Lon.  Morning  Chron. 
1823-44.  The  Life  of  Torquato  Tasso;  with  an  Historical 
aud  Critical  Account  of  his  Writings,  Edin.,  1810.  2  vols. 
4to.  This  work  has  been  highly  cnnimendcd.  See  J.  H. 
Wiflfen's  Jerusalem  Delivered.  Pulit.  Essay  on  the  King- 
dom of  New  Spain  ;  from  the  French  of  A.  de  Humboldt, 
Lon..  1811.  2  vols.  Svo. 

"To  write  a  hook  on  Mexico  without  referring  to  Bamn  Hum- 
boldt at  almost  every  page  is  nearly  impossible:  he  was  the  first 
who  applied  the  lights  of  science  to  the  New  World." — H.  6".  Wui-d's 
Jilrj-jco,  which  see. 

Memoirs  of  Goldoni.  written  by  himself,  trans,  from  the 
Italian,  Lou.,  1813,  2  vols.  8vo. 

'•  (Jibbon,  the  historian,  has  pronounced  the  5Iemoirs  of  Goldoni 
to  be  more  truly  dramatic  than  his  Comedies.  Lord  Byron  has 
also  pronounced  the  Life  of  Goldoni  to  be  oneof  the  best  specimens 
of  autobiography.     It  is  replete  with  anecdote." 

A  Course  of  Lectures  on  Dramatic  Art  and  Literature 
from  the  German  of  Wm.  Augustus  Sehlegel,  1815,  2  vols. 
Svo.  Pub.  in  H.  G.  Bohn's  Standard  Library.  Lon.. 
1S46.  Svo.  ' 

"  The  present  work  contains  a  critical  and  historical  account  of 
the  ancient  and  modern  drama— the  Greek,  the  Latin,  the  Italian, 
the  French,  the  Spanish,  and  the  German.  The  view  which  the 
author  has  taken  of  the  standard  productions,  whether  tragic  or 
comic,  in  these  different  languages,  is,  in  general,  ingenious  and 
just,  and  his  speculative  Reasonings  on  the  Principles  of  Taste  are 
often  as  satisfactory  as  they  are  profound.  .  .  .  We  have,  we  trust, 
said  enough  of  this  work  to  recommend  it  to  the  reader.  We  oui;ht 
to  add,  that  the  translation  appears  to  be  very  respectable." — 
Edinlmrgh  Review,  Feb.  ISlfi. 

"  This  is  a  work  of  extraordinarv  merit."— ioji.  Quart.  J?fv. 

'■  In  a  few  p.iges  we  reap  the  fruit  of  the  labour  of  a  whole  life- 
every  opinion  formed  by  the  author,  everv  epithet  given  to  the 
writers  of  whom  he  speaks,  is  beautiful  and  just,  concise  and  ani- 
mated."— Mat).\me  db  Stael. 

The  reader  should  procure  the  following  work,  also : 
Lectures  on  the  History  of  Literature,  Ancient  and  Modern, 
from  the  German  of  Frederick  Sehlegel,  Lon.,  1818, 
2  vols.  Svo. 

"  Form  the  most  luminous,  comprehensive,  and  philosophical 
survey  of  the  history  of  literature  which  our  own  age  has  pro- 
duced."—  Brititnfiia. 

••  A  wonderful  performance, — better  than  any  thing  we  as  yet 
h;i.ve  on  thesubjectinourown  language."- Zon'.  Quarterly  Review. 


'*  Though  concise,  Schlegel's  work  is  so  comprehensive  in  ita 
range,  that  it  is  alone  almost  sufficient  to  make  the  reader  a  literary 
person  " — Lon.  Lifrrarij  Gaz^-tfe. 

"  By  far  the  most  rational  and  profound  view  of  the  history  ot 
literature  which  has  yet  been  presented  to  Europtj.'— £/<ic'/.woo(fs 
JHugazi'ne. 

'■  Frederick  Sehlegel  has  more  originality  of  genius  than  almost 
any  other  celebrated  man  in  Germany:  but.  fer  from  de]X'nding 
on  that  originality,  though  it  promised  him  much  suooess.  he  en- 
deavours to  assist  it  by  extensive  study.  It  is  a  great  pioof  of  our 
respect  for  the  human  species,  when  we  dare  not  addn-ss  it  fidm 
the  suggestions  of  our  own  minds,  without  having  first  conscien- 
tiously e.samined  into  all  that  has  been  left  to  us  by  our  predeces- 
sors as  an  inheritance." — M.^pamk  dk  Staei,. 

Black,  John.  Key  to  Mair's  Introduction,  1818. 
Black,  Joseph,  M.D.,  1728-1799.  an  eminent  chemist 
and  physician,  was  the  son  of  an  Irish  merchant  who  re- 
sided at  Bordeaux  when  the  subject  of  this  notice  was 
born.  He  entered  the  University  of  Glasgow  in  1746,  and 
became  a  favourite  pupil  of  the  celebrated  Cullen,  who 
instilled  into  his  youthful  mind  that  love  of  chemical  in- 
vestigations by  which  he  afterwards  became  so  highly  dis- 
tinguished. He  took  the  degree  of  M.D.  at  Edinburgh  in 
1754,  and  won  great  credit  for  the  nbility  displayed  in  his 
thesis — Dissertatio  Medica  de  Humore  Acido  a  Cibis  orto, 
et  Magnesia  Alba.  This  paper,  with  a  continuation  writ- 
ten the  next  year,  will  be  found  in  the  Essays  Phy.«ical 
and  Literary.  Edin.,  1756.  In  this  dissertation  he  "gave 
an  account  of  one  of  the  most  important  discoveries  in 
chemistry,  which  is  generally  considered  as  the  source  of 
much  that  has  immortalized  the  names  of  Cavendish.  Priest- 
ley, and  others,  memorable  for  their  acquisitions  in  the 
knowledge  of  aerial  bodies.  Tliis  was  no  other  than  the 
existence  of  an  aerial  fluid,  which  he  denominated  fixed 
air,  the  presence  of  which  gave  mildness,  and  its  absence 
causticity,  to  alkalies  and  calcareous  earths."  His  discove- 
ries at  a  su'nscqucnt  period  with  respect  to  water  in  various 
conditions,  latent  heat,  cold,  Ac,  (1762-91.)  are  well  known 
to  the  profession.  The  theory  of  latent  heat  was  undoubt- 
edly a  principal  leading  step  to  some  of  the  grand  discove- 
ries made  by  Lavoisier,  Laplace,  and  others;  yet  these 
chemists  scarcely  ever  named  Dr.  Black  in  their  disserta- 
tions; and  Mr.  Deluc  had  the  impudence  to  claim  the 
theory  of  latent  heat  as  his  own.  In  1756  he  was  ap. 
pointed  to  the  chair  of  Chemistry  and  Anatomy  at  Glas- 
gow, but  the  latter  being  distasteful  to  him,  he  exchanged 
it  for  that  of  Medicine.  In  1766  he  succeeded  his  old  pre- 
ceptor. Dr.  Culien,  as  Professor  of  Chemistry  at  Edinburgh. 
His  lectures  were  so  celebrated  that  few  gentlemen  left 
Eiiinburgh  without  having  attended  one  course  or  more. 
At  the  time  of  his  death,  in  1799.  he  enjoyed  the  distin- 
guished honour  of  being  one  of  the  eight  foreign  membera 
of  the  Academy  of  Sciences  at  Paris.  His  Lectures  on 
Chemistry  were  pub.  from  his  M8S.  by  Dr.  Robison,  Edin,, 
1803,  2  vols.  4to.  The  Papers  referred  to  above  as  pub.  in 
the  Essays  Phys.  and  Lit.,  vol.  ii.  157,  were  subsequently 
pub.  in  a  12mo  voL  in  Edin.  The  celebrated  paper.  The 
supposed  eflect  of  Boiling  on  Water  in  disposing  it  to  freeze 
more  readily,  ascertained  by  experiment,  will  be  fnund  in 
Phil.  Trans.  A)<r.  xiii.  610.  1775,  and  the  Analysis  of  the 
Waters  of  some  Hot  Springs  in  Iceland  was  pub.  in  Ed. 
Phil.  Trans,  iii.  part  2,  95,  1794. 

"Considered  as  a  philosopher,  Ulark  ranks  amongst  the  highest 
nf  those  who  have  wnnight  out  gn^at  theojii-s.  Induction  was  the 
only  method  by  which  lie  sought  todisrov.r  truth.  His  character 
in  this  i-i'spect  contrasts  strongly  with  that  of  some  other  of  our 
distinguished  chemists." — British  Qiuirterh/  Review,  vol.  ii. 

'The  discovery  which  he  first  made  was  the  last  of  being  com- 
pleted. He  never  could  be  induced  to  publish  any  account  of  it 
to  the  world,  notwithstanding  the  constant  attempts  of  his  rivals 
to  deprive  him  of  the  claim.  lie  was  at  all  times  averse  to  publi- 
cation, and  fastidious  to  an  uncommon  degree  in  his  judgment  of 
his  own  compositions."' 

See  Lord  Brougham's  article  in  Ed.  Review,  vol.  iii.  j 
also  his  Lives  of  Men  of  Letters  and  Science  teyvp.  Geo. 
Ill ;  Robison's  Life  of  Black  in  the  Literary  Journal,  &c. ; 
Chalmers's  Biog.  Die. ;  Bibliothcque  Britannique,  vol. 
xxviii. :  Georgian  Era. 

Black,  Samuel,  M.D.  Con.  to  Mem.  Med.,  1795, 
1805-07. 

Black,  Wm.  Privilege  of  Royal  Burrows,  Edin., 
1707,  12mo. 

Black,  Wm.,  M.D.  Profess,  works,  1771-1811.  He 
pub.  in  1782.  Svo,  An  Historical  Sketch  of  Medicine  and 
Surgery ;  from  their  origin  to  the  present  time,  &c. 

"SVe  pay  the  author  no  great  compliment  when  we  observe, 
that  the  execution  of  it  is  more  to  be  commended  than  the  plan." 
— Li^n.  Monthlu  Rex'ifiir.  1783. 

Blackailclor,  H.  H,,  Surgeon.  Observations  on 
Phagedania  Gaiigra-uosa.  in  2  parts.  1818,  8vo. 

Blackadder,  Lt.  Col.  J,  Life  and  Diary  of.  Edin., 
1824,  12mo. 

195 


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Blackall,  Anthony.     Scimnn,  1704,  4to. 
Blackall,  John,  M.D.     Oh.serviitiuns  on  the  Nature 
and  Cure  of  Dropsies,  Lon..  ISKi.  Svo;   1814.  1S18. 
Blackall,  orBIackhall,  Offspring:,  1654-1716,  was 

a  native  of  London,  and  educatL'd  at  Catburino  Hall,  Cam- 
Ijiid^e.  He  was  made  Bishop  of  Exeter  in  1707.  He  en- 
gai,^ed  in  several  warm  controversies  with  Tnland  and 
Bit-hop  Hoadly;  Bishop  Offspring  favouring  the  cause  of 
Charles  I.  and  high-church  principles.  Besides  these 
pamphlets,  he  pub.  8  Sermons,  1700,  Svo;  lode,  1706,  Svo; 
14  do.,  1706;  some  single  discourses,  and  in  1717  his  prac- 
tical Discourses  on  the  Sermon  on  the  Mount  were  pub.  iu 
8  vols.  Svo.  His  works  were  pub.  in  1723,  2  vols,  fol., 
with  life  by  Archbishop  Dawes. 
_  "  His  maimer  of  preaching  was  so  excellently  easy,  clear,  judi- 
cious, substinti.ll,  pious,  affectinj^.  and  upon  all  accounts  truly 
useful  and  edifying,  that  he  universally  ^ciuired  the  reputation 
of  being  one  of  the  best  preachers  of  his  tmie." — Abp,  Dawes. 

'■The  sermons  of  this  worthy  divine  are  models  for  an  easy, 
natural,  and  familiar  way  of  writing." — Dr.  Watebland, 

JSlackall,  Theophilus.     Sermons.  1730,  4to. 

Blackall,  Thos.    Poll  of  Oxfordshire,  Oxf.,  1754,  Svo. 

Blackamore,  A.  A  Summary  of  Christian  Antiqui- 
ties, Lon.,  1722,  2  vols.  Svo.     See  Bingham.  Joseph, 

Blackborrow,  Peter.  The  Longitude  not  Found, 
an  answer  to  H.  Bird,  Lon.,  167S,  4to.  Navigation  Becti- 
Bed,  16S4,  Svo. 

^  Blackbourne,  John,  168.3-1741,  educated  at  Trinity 
College,  Cambridge,  a  Nonjuring  Bishop,  corrected  the 
press  for  Bowyer,  and  edited  the  castrations  of  Holinshed's 
Chronicle,  and  of  Bayle's  Chronycle  concernynge  syr  Johan 
Oldecastell.  Mattaire  praises  him  in  his  Lives  of  the  Paris 
Printers,  1717,  and  in  his  Miscellanea  aliquot  Seriptorum 
carmina,  1722.  See  Nichols's  account  of  him  in  the 
Literary  Anecdotes. 

Blackhuni,  J.    Serm.,  1749,  Svo. 

Blackburn,  John.  Hand-Book  ronnd  Jerusalem, 
L"n..  1S4'J,  12ino.  Prize  Essay  on  the  Beligious  Book  So- 
ciely,  12mo.     Rise  and  Ruin  of  Nineveh,  12mo,  illustrated. 

Blackbunie,  E,  I,.  Architectural  Account  of  Crosby 
Place,  Lon.,  Svo.  Decorative  Painting  of  the  Middle  Ages, 
1S4S.  4t.o. 

Blackburne,  Francis,  1705-17S7,  a  native  of  Rich- 
mond in  Yorkshire,  was  educated  at  Catherine  Hall,  Ciini- 
bridge,  collated  to  the  Archdeactpnry  of  Cleveland  in  1750. 
He  pub.  some  sermons,  Ac,  1742-63,  but  is  best  known  by 
The  Confessional,  or  an  Inquiry  into  the  Right  and  Utility 
of  Establishing  Systematical  Confessions  of  Faith,  Lon., 
1766,  Svo,  (anony.)  This  work  elicited  a  warm  controversy, 
which  lasted  for  more  than  six  years,  and  produced  70  to 
80  pamphlets.  Archbishop  Seeker  was  very  anxious  to  see 
Blackburne  confuted. 

'■  The  author  of  this  work,  who  is  well  known  to  be  a  very  learned 
clergyman  of  the  Church  of  England,  takes  so  much  notice  of  all 
the  writers  who  opposed  his  sentiments,  that  there  is  no  need  to 
gi  76  a  particular  enumeration  of  the  several  pamphlets  which  were 
written  against  it." — Rishop  Watsox. 

See  a  review  of  the  controversy  in  the  Gentleman's 
Magazine,  vols.  xli.  and  xlii. 

Historical  View  of  the  Controversy  concerning  an  In- 
termediate State,  Lon.,  1772?  Svo. 

"  Written  to  establish  the  sleep  of  the  soul.  Bishop  Law.  in  an 
Appendix  to  the  Theory  of  Jteliginu,  seeks  also  to  establish  it  He 
was  well  answered  by  Prof.  Campbell  iu  his  sixth  dissertation."— 

BlCKERSTETH. 

Works  with  Life,  by  his  son,  Francis  Blackburae,  Lon., 
1804,  7  vols.  Svo. 

"A  keen  and  enerjretic  writer;  au  eleffant  and  persuasive 
preacher;  a  faithful  pastor  and  exemplary  iruide;  a  just,  humane, 
pious,  template,  and  independent  mnn." — Lifi\  hy  his  sntj. 

Blackburne,  Lancelot,  d.  174,3,  Bishop  of  Exeter, 
1716,  Archp.  of  York.  1724,  pub.  sermons,  &c.,  1694-1716. 

Blackburne,  Thomas,  M.D.,  d.  1782,  aged  33,  son 
of  Francis,  (see  <nKp.)  was  educated  at  Cambridge.     He 
pub.  De  Medici  Institutis,  Edin.,  1775;  contributions  to  a  j 
medical  periodical ;  and  a  pnper  which  will  be  fouml  in  Dr.  I 
F.  S.  Simmons's  work  on  the  Ttenia,  Lou.,  177S,  Svo. — Lon.  ' 
Med.  JuiirnnJ.  i 

Blackburne,  Wm.,  M.D.  Cure  of  Scarlet  Fever,  I 
Lon.,  1803.  Svo.  | 

Blackenbury,  E.     53  Discourses,  1806,  2  vols.  Svo. 

Blacker,  JLt.  Col.  Valentine.     Operations  of  the  I 
British  Army  in  India  during  the  Mahratta  War  of  1S17, 
'IS, '19;  2  vols.  4to,  1821.    Pub.  at £4  14*.  6^^.    Commended 
as  a  very  comprehensive  and  accurate  work.  i 

Blacker,  SirWm.  1.  Claims  of  the  Landed  Interest,  ! 
Svn.  2.  Improvements  to  be  made  on  small  farms  in  Ireland  j 
by  means  of  green  crops  and  feeding  animals  in  the  stalls.  ' 
Some  pamphlets  on  the  currency,  proposing  the  use  of  an  \ 
inconvertible  paper-money,  1S34,  Svo,  | 


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.  "In  our  opinion,  no  writer  on  Ireland  ever  looked  at  Ibe  coun- 
try iu  the  true  li;iht,  except  Mr.  Itlac-ker;  the  means  that  are 
wauted  must  be  atfurded,  and  the  demands  of  rent  must  be  mode- 
rate, in  order  to  allow  the  giadual  possessionof  capital  in  the  hands 
of  tenantry.  .  .  .  Mr.  Blacker  has  left  a  name  of  very  enviable  repu- 
tation."— Donaldson's  AgriculL  Biog. 

Blackerby,  Rev.  Samuel.  An  Historical  account  of 
Penal  Laws  made  by  Papists  against  Protestants,  and  by 
Protestants  against  Papists,  Lon.,  1689,  fob  Justice  of  the 
Peace,  his  Companion,  Lon.,  1734,  7  vols.  12mo. 

"  Knr  his  way  of  preaching:,  I  am  well  ac(]uainted  with  it:  he 
is  not  ambitious  of  that  whiuh  some  call  the  knack  of  pre.aL-hiii^'; 
tn  start  some  spruce  notion,  or  crop  the  flowers  of  elejiancv.  But 
his  dexterity  lies  in  that  whii-h  Luther  terms  the  riji;ht'Art  of 
I'reiu-liinj; — to  hnld  forth  Jesus  Christ,  and  true  grace,  in  a  search- 
ing way. — that  his  people  may  learn  to  swim  to  Heaven  In  a  Gospel 
channel." — Thomas  IIolborough. 

Blacket,  Joseph,  17S6-1S10,  the  son  of  a  labourer 
of  Yorkshire,  printed  in  1809,  for  private  circulation,  spe- 
cimens of  the  Poetry  of  Joseph  Blacket.  His  Bemaius, 
with  Life  by  Pratt,  appeared  in  1811,  2  vols.  Svo. 

'•Takint;  ^\t.  BlacUet's  humble  connections  and  narrow  educa- 
tion into  the  acrount.  we  must  confess  that  he  was  an  extmordi- 
narv  vouth." — Lmi.  Mmithlij  Kevinv,  ISll . 

Blackett,  B.  E.     Sermons,  1753,  '60,  71,  4to. 

Blackett,  Mary  D.     Suicide,  a  Poem,  1789,  4to. 

Blackford,  C.  Hints  to  Cultivators  of  the  Sugar 
Cane,  Phil.  Mag.  xiii.  289,  1814. 

Blackford,  Isaac.  Cases  in  Superior  Court  of  In- 
diana, 1817-44,  5  vols.  Svo.  Indianapolis,  1830-44. 

'•  These  volumes  have  the  reputatinn  of  beinjj;  among  the  best 
American  reports.  Most  of  the  dis.sentient  opinions  are  omitted, 
as  well  as  the  arsuments  of  counsel,  whifh  is  a  very  commendable 
example  tn  all  other  reporters." — MuTvin's  Lfgal  Bihl. 

Blackball,  Olfspring.     Pee  Blackall. 
Blackleack,  John.     Endeavours  aimingat  the  glory 
of  (inil.  that  IVace  and  Truth  may  meet  together;  with  an 
Ac<M.unt  of  the  best  Forms  of  Government,  Lon.,  1650,  4to. 
Blacliley,   Thomas.      Practical    Sermons,    3   vols. 
1826,  12mo. 
'*  The  subjects  of  (he  discourses  are  almost  all  interesting,  and 
I  the  leadioK  doctrines  of  Christianity  are  brought  forward  to  notice 
1  in  a  very  prominent  manner," — Edinburgh  Tfieot^igiail  Magazine. 

I  Blackley,  William,  domestic  chaplain  to  the  Rt. 
,  Hon.  Viscount  Hill.  Correspondence  of  the  Rt.  Hon. 
;  Richard  Hill. 

'■  Mr.  Hill's  Correspondence,  though  not  set  forthwith  any  such 
j  view,  is  a  supplement  to  the  M,irlbnroui;h  Despatches,  and  a  need- 
j  ful  explanation  of  them  on  some  materLil  points." — Lon. Examiner. 

I  Blacklock,  Ambrose,  Surgeon,  of  Dumfries.  Trea- 
'  tise  on  Sheep  and  the  Wool  Trade,  Lon.,  1S3S,  ISmo. 

'The  contents  treat  only  the  black-faced  breed  of  Scotland, 
which  are  a  small  portion  of  the  family  of  sheep.  The  anatomy 
of  the  animal  and  diseases  are  well  delineated." — DonalUson^s 
Agricidt.  Bing, 

The  70  Weeks  of  Daniel,  Lon..  1850,  Svo. 
Blacklock,  Thomas,  1721-1791,  was  a  native  of 
Annan  in  Scotland;  his  parents  were  English.  When 
only  six  mouths  old,  ho  lost  his  sight  by  small-pox,  and 
suffered  under  total  blindness  all  his  life.  Notwithstand- 
ing this  deprivation,  he  acquired  a  very  respectable  know- 
ledge of  Greek,  Latin,  French,  Italian,  Theology,  and 
gained  considerable  distinction  as  an  author.  After  a 
course  of  study  at  the  University  in  Edinburgh,  he  was 
licensed  as  a  preacher  in  the  Church  of  Scotland  in  1759, 
and  in  1767  received  the  diploma  of  D.D.  from  Aberdeen. 
His  first  publication  was  a  volume  of  Poems  in  1754.  Edin., 
Svo,  to  which  was  prefixed  an  Account  of  his  life,  cha- 
racter, and  writings,  by  his  friend,  the  Rev.  Joseph  Spence, 
Professor  of  Poetry  at  Oxford.  Mr.  B.  contributed  to  a 
Collection  of  Poems,  pub.  Edin.,  1760,  12mo.  Paraclesis, 
partly  trans,  from  Cicero,  appeared  iu  1767,  Edin.,  Svo. 
Two  Discourses  on  the  Spirit  anrt  Evidences  of  Cliris- 
tianity,  from  the  French  of  Armand.  1 76s.  He  also  pub.  A 
Satirical  Panegyric  on  (ireat  Brit:iin  ;  The  Graham,  an 
Heroic  Ballad;  Remarks  on  the  Nature  and  Extent  of 
Liberty.  In  1793  appeared  Poems,  together  with  an 
article  on  the  Education  of  the  Blind,  [pub.  in  Encyc. 
Brit.]  to  which  is  prefixed  A  New  Account  of  the  Life  and 
Writings  of  the  Author,  by  Henry  Mackenzie,  Esq.,  4to. 
In  1762  he  married  a  lady  who  proved  admirably  calcu- 
lated to  pi-omote  his  happiness. 

"  I  have  known  him  dictate  from  thirty  to  forty  verses — and  by 
no  means  bad  ones — as  fast  as  I  could  write  them;  but  the  mo- 
ment he  was  at  a  loss  for  verse,  or  a  rhyme,  to  his  likin;:.  he  stnpt 
altoi^ether,  and  could  very  seldom  be  induced  to  finish  what  he 
had  begun  with  sn  mnch  ardour." — fitnlnnrul.  nf  n  fj-ifnii. 

"He  never  cduM  dirlate  till  lir  st \  ii|i:  ;in(l  ,-is  liis  Mimlness 

made  walkinj;  abiiit  wilbnut  ;issisl:uiri'  imonveni-'iit  <'v  duii;:erous 
to  him,  he  fell  iustiisiltly  into  a  vibratuiy  soit  of  UMtimi  witli  his 
body,  whifh  increased  as  he  warmed  with  his  subject  and  was 
pleased  with  the  conceptions  of  his  mind." — Kl:v.  Joseph  Spence. 

The  attainments  of  Mr.  Blacklock  under  so  great  a  dis- 


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advantap;e  as  blindness  are  a  standing  rebuke  to  those 
"  who  having  eyes  see  not,"  and  pass  through  life  with 
minds  almost  as  much  unfurnished  as  when  they  com- 
menced their  probation. 

"Few  men  blesst'd  with  the  most  perft^t  si;rht  can  describe 
Tisual  objects  wilh  more  s|iiiit  ;iud  justness  Ib.ui  tliis  blind  man." 
^IJURKE ;  Essat/  on  the  Suhlimc.  and  B-i)ilf«l,  which  see. 

"  Dr.  Johnson  talked  of  Mr.  Blacklofk's  poetry,  so  far  as  it  was 
descriptive  of  visible  tibjects;  and  observed,  that,  as  its  author  had 
the  misfortune  to  be  blind,  we  may  be  absolutely  sure  that  such 
passages  are  combinat  ions  of  what  be  has  remembered  of  the  works 
of  others  who  could  see.  That  fiolish  lellow,  l^ponce,  has  laboured 
to  explaiu  philosophically  how  Blacklock  may  have  done,  by  means 
of  his  own  faculties,  what  it  is  impossible  he  should  do.  The  solu- 
tion, as  I  have  tjiven  it,  is  plain.  Suppose.  I  know  a  man  to  be  so 
lame  he  is  absolutely  incajxible  to  move  himself,  and  I  find  him 
in  a  ditTerent  room  from  that  in  which  I  left  him;  shall  I  puzzle 
myself  with  idle  conjectvires,  that  perhaps  his  nerves  have  by 
some  unknown  chanu'e  all  at  once  become  etfective?  No,  sir.  it  is 
clear  how  he  got  into  a  different  room ;  he  was  carried.''' — BosivcWs 
JoJinfrm. 

Blackloe,  Thomas.     See  White,  Thomas. 

Blackmail,  John.  CciUeotarium  jMansuetudinum  et 
bonorum  Moiuin  Regis  Ilunrici  VI.,  etc.  Reprinted  by 
Hcariie  in  his  edition  uf  Otierbourne. 

Blackmore,  John.  Addresses  to  the  Sick,  2d  ed., 
Lon..  1S28.  24ino. 

Blackmore,  Sir  Richard,  M.D.,  d.  172i).  the  son 
of  an  .attorney  in  Wilts,  matriculated  at  St.  Edmund's  Hall, 
Oxford,  in  lOflS.  He  was  linightcd  by  William  III.,  to 
whom  he  was  appointed  in  1697  physician  in  ordinary. 
His  publications  were  numerous:  we  notice  some  of  the 
principal.  His  first  wurk.  Prince  Arthur,  an  Heroic  Poem, 
appeared  in  1695,  and  three  editions  were  called  for  in  less 
than  two  years. 

*'  Tis  stranf^e  that  an  author  should  have  a  traniester's  fiit^.  and 
not  know  when  to  give  over.  Had  the  city-bard  stojipi.d  his  hand 
at  Prime  Arthur,  he  h:id  missed  Uni^rhlhood,  tis  true,  liut  he  had 
gone  off  with  some  ajiplause." — T.  Bioioii's  Wurks,  vol.  iv.  US. 

In  1700  he  pul).  Paraphrases  on  Job,  tlie  Songs  of  Muses, 
Deborah,  and  Daviil,  and  on  4  Select  Psalms,  chapters  of 
Isaiah,  and  3d  chap,  of  Ilabakknk.  The  e.xcellcnt  Mat- 
thew Henry  quotes  more  fre«iuently  from  Blackmore  in  his 
commentaries  than  from  any  other  poet.  In  the  same  year 
he  pub.  a  Satyr  against  Wit,  which  so  offended  the  poets  of 
the  day,  that  in  T.  Brown's  Works  there  are  more  than  20 
satirical  pieces  against  Blackmore.  One  of  his  assailants 
joins  him  to  Bentley,  thus: 

"  A  monument  uf  dullness  to  erect, 
]l''iitli'y  should  write  and  Blackmore  should  correct. 
Lilve  wliich  no  other  piece  can  e'er  be  wrought, 
For  d>.-eency  of  style  aud  life  of  thou^iht, 
But  that  where  Bentley  shall  in  judjjment  sit, 
To  pare  excrescences  from  Blackmores  wit." 

Sir  Richard  might  sit  very  easily  under  a  lash  which 
was  aimed  also  at  the  groat  master  of  classical  learning. 
Dryden  declared  that  Sir  Richard  wrote  his  poeti\v  to  the 
"rumbling  of  his  chariot  wheels,"  and  waspish  little  Pope 
gave  him  a  place  in  that  convenient  pillory — tlie  Dnnciad. 
In  1713  he  commenced  a  periodical  called  The  Lay  Monk; 
only  40  numbers  appeared.  Not  forgetting  his  profession, 
he  gave  to  the  world  a  number  of  medical  works,  viz. :  On 
the  Plague  and  Malignant  Fevers,  1720;  The  Small  Pox, 
1722;  Consumption,  i'C,  1724;  Spleen  and  Vapours,  1725; 
Gout.  Rheumatism,  and  King's  Evil,  1726  ;  Dropsy,  Stone, 
<tc.,  1727.  His  principal  work.  Creation,  a  Philosophical 
Poem,  appeared  in  1712,  and  reached  its  4th  edit*  in  1718. 
This  poem  has  b«'en  much  admired.  Ambrose  Philips 
told  Mr.  Draper,  who  told  Dr.  Johnson,  (see  Lives  of  the 
Poets.)  that 

'■  Blai'kmore.  as  he  proceeded  in  this  poem,  laid  his  MS.  from 
time  to  time  before  a  clulj  of  wits,  with  whom  he  associated;  and 
that  every  man  contributed,  as  he  could,  either  improvement  or 
correction;  so  that  there  are  perhaps  nowhere  in  the  book  thirty 
lines  toj^ether  that  now  stand  as  they  were  originally  written." 

This  relation  may  be  received  with  great  doubt.  Den- 
nis speaks  of  The  Creation  in  glowing  terms  : 

"  A  philosophical  poem  which  has  equalled  that  of  Lucretius  in 
the  beauty  of  its  versification,  and  iulinitely  surpassed  it  in  the 
solidity  and  strength  of  its  reasoning." 

Addison's  praise  might  well  be  coveted  by  any  poet: 

"  It  deserves  to  be  looked  upr.n  as  one  of  the  most  useful  and 
noble  productions  in  our  Eni:Iish  verse.  The  reader  cannot  but 
be  ple^ised  to  tind  the  depths  of  philosophy  enlivened  with  all  the 
charms  of  poetry,  and  to  see  so  ^reat  a  streuf^th  of  reason,  amidst 
so  beautiful  a  redundancy  of  the  imagination." — Spectator.,  No.  339. 

*'lt  wants  neither  harmony  of  numbers,  .accin-acy  of  thought, 
nor  elegance  of  diction ;  it  has  either  been  written  with  great  care, 
or,  what  cannot  be  imagined  of  so  long  a  work,  with  such  felicity 
as  made  care  less  necessary." — Dr.  Johnson. 

In  addition  to  his  other  titles  to  respect,  Sir  Richard  had 
that  ornament  without  which  all  other  advantages  are  of 
little  account — he  was  a  man  of  humble  and  devoted  piety. 
Blackmore,  R.  W.,  Cliaplain  of  the  Russian  Com- 
pany in  Crou^tadt.     The  Doctrine  of  the  Russian  Church, 


trans,  from  the  Slavono-Russian,  Lon.,  1845,  8vo,  A  Har- 
mony of  Anglican  Doctrine,  with  the  doctrine  of  the  Apos- 
tolic and  Catholic  Church  of  tlie  East,  which  may  serve  as 
an  appen<li.v  to  the  vol.  entit.  The  Doctrine  of  the  Russian 
Church,  Abcrd..  1SI6,  Svo.  A  trans,  of  Mouravieff 's  His- 
tory of  the  Church  uf  Russia,  0.\f.,  1842,  Svo. 

Blackrie,  Alexander.  A  Disquisition  on  Medi- 
cines which  dissolve  the  Stone,  Lon.,  1766,  12mo;  2d  ed. 
enlarged  and  improved,  1771,  Svo. 

Blackstone,  Henry,  Reports  in  Common  Pleas 
and  E.\chei|uer.  17SS-<I6,  Lon.,  2  vols.  fol.  UiCW.Hi;  ;id 
edition  with  additions,  2  vols.  8vo,  1801;  (Phil.  2  vols. 
Svo,  1808-09;)   4th  ed.,  2  vols.  Svo,  Lon.,  1827. 

"The  reporter  has  uniformly  confined  his  attention  to  points  of 
real  importance,  and  throughout  his  work  evinces  much  accui-acy 
and  fidelity,  with  as  great  a  degree  of  conciseness  as  is  consistent 
with  perspicuity." 

Blackstonc,  Jo.,  an  npotliecary.  Fasciculus  Plan- 
tarum  circa  Harefield,  etc.,  Lon.,  1737,  Svo.  Specimen 
Botanicuiu,  etc.,  Lou.,  1740.  Svo. 

*'  Tuterrstinp  and  useful  wni-lis  on  botanv." 

Blackstone,  Sir  William,  1723-1780,  was  the 
fourth  son  of  Charles  Blackstonc,  a  silkman  in  London. 
He  was  placed  in  the  Charter-house  School  in  1730,  and 
at  the  age  of  fifteen  was  admitted  a  Commoner  of  Pem- 
broke College,  Oxford.  November  20th.  1741.  he  entered 
the  Middle  Temple.  Determined  to  dcvute  himself  to  the 
duties  of  his  profession,  he  bjide  adieu  to  the  more  flowery 
paths  of  literature  in  those  well-known  verses.  The  Law- 
yer's Farewell  to  his  Muse,  sul)seqnently  pub.  in  vol.  4th  of 
Dodsley's  Collection.  In  Nov.,  1743,  he  was  elected  into 
the  society  of  All  Souls'  College  ;  June  12th.  1745,  he  com- 
menced B.achelor  of  Civil  Law;  on  the  2Sth  Nov.,  1746, 
he  was  called  to  the  bar,  and  April  26th.  1750,  he  com- 
menced Doctor  of  Civil  Law.  It  may  be  some  encourage- 
ment to  young  lawyers  to  remember  that  the  talents  even 
of  Blackstone  were  at  first  so  much  overlooked,  that  his 
limited  ])usiness  failed  to  cover  his  very  moderate  ex- 
penses ;  he  therefore  resolved  to  retire  from  the  apology 
for  a  practice  which  he  possessed,  and  support  himself  by 
his  Fellowship  and  private  lecturing.  Accordingly,  in  Mi- 
chaelmas Term,  17.03,  he  commenced  reading  two  Lectures 
on  the  Laws  of  England  to  a  large  and  interested  auditory. 
In  order  to  render  the  duties  of  his  class  less  difficult,  he 
pub.  (1756)  an  Analysis  of  the  Laws  of  England,  which 
proved  of  great  service  to  a  comprehension  of  the  subject 
He  had  already  made  his  appearance  as  an  author  in  his 
Essay  (1750)  on  Collateral  Conyanguinity,  which  had  re- 
ference to  the  claims  for  Fellowships  in  All  Souls'  College 
based  upon  asserted  connexion  with  tlie  founder.  Arch- 
bishop Chicheley.  In  1756,  Charles  Viner,  the  compiler 
of  an  Abridgment  of  Law  and  Equity,  (see  Viner,)  died, 
and  bequeathed  the  Fum  of  £12,000  to  the  University  of 
Oxford  for  the  establishment  of  a  Law  Professorship,  and 
the  endowment  of  Fellowships  and  Scholarships  in  Com- 
mon Law.  On  the  20th  Oct.,  175S,  Blackstone  was  unani- 
mously elected  the  first  professor,  with  a  salary  of  £200. 
His  introdnctory  Lecture  produced  a  most  favourable  im- 
pression, and  tlie  Vice-Chancellor  and  Heads  of  Houses 
rei|uested  him  to  publish  it.  This  Lecture  will  be  found 
prefixed  to  vol.  i.  of  the  Commentaries.  The  fame  of  his 
Lectures  reached  the  ears  of  George  III.,  then  Prince  of 
Wales,  who  tendered  him  an  invitation  to  read  them  to 
him.  His  engagements  prevented  his  complying  with  this 
flattering  request,  but  he  transmitted  some  specimens  to 
the  prince,  who  begged  his  acceptance  of  a  handsome 
token  of  his  approbation.  In  1759  he  resumed  practice 
in  London,  visiting  Oxford  at  the  periods  appointed  for 
his  Lectures.  In  the  preceding  year  he  edited  a  magnifi- 
cent edition  of  Magna  Charta  and  the  Forest  Charter. 
Of  this  w()rk  Professor  Smyth  remarks: 

'■(If  his  History  of  the  Charters  it  is  in  vain  to  attempt  any 
abrid^rment;  for  such  is  the  precision  of  his  taste,  and  such  the 
importance  of  the  subject,  that  there  is  not  a  sentence  in  the  com- 
position that  is  not  necessary  to  the  whole,  and  that  should  not 
be  perused.  Whatever  other  works  may  be  read  sli;^ht!y.  or 
omitted,  (his  is  one  the  entire  meditation  of  which  can  in  no  re- 
spect be  dispensed  with.  The  claims  which  it  has  on  our  atten- 
tion are  of  no  common  nature.  The  laliour  which  this  eminent 
lawyer  has  bestowed  on  the  subject  is  sulticiently  evident." — Leo- 
turn's  nn  Modern  iliatorii. 

In  1761  he  was  elected  to  Parliament  for  the  borough 
of  Hindon  ;  and  in  tlie  same  year  had  a  patent  of  prece- 
dence granted  to  him  to  rank  as  King's  Counsel,  having 
declined  the  nfiiee  of  Chief  Justice  of  the  Court  of  Com- 
mon Pleas  in  Ireland.  Vacating  his  Fellowship  by  mar- 
riage, he  was  appointed  Principal  of  New  Inn  Hall,  and 
in  1763  received  the  appointment  of  Solicitor  to  the  Queen. 
In  1770  he  was  made  one  of  the  Judges  of  the  Court  of 
Common  Pleas,  which  oflice  he  held  lor  the  remainiu"  ten 

197 


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jears  of  his  life.  As  many  imperfect  and  incorrect  copies" 
of  his  Lectures  were  in  circulution  in  M.S.  nmuiig  the  pro- 
fession, and  a  pirated  editiini  was  understood  to  be  in  the 
press,  the  author  determined  to  give  a  correct  copy  to  the 
world.  The  Commentaries  on  the  Laws  of  Eughuid  were, 
therefore,  pub.  in  4  vols.  4to,  O.xf.,  1765-68.  This  great 
work  nt  once  superseded  the  standard  mnnuals — Finch's 
Law,  Wood's  Institutes,  &q.  Enemies,  however,  were  not 
wanting  to  attack  the  Commentaries  on  account  of  the 
Cdnservative  tone  which  was  charged  upon  them  by  the 
"reformers"  of  the  day.  Jeremy  Bentham  pub.  in  1776 
his  Comment  upon  the  Commentaries,  and  censures  the 
'•antipathy  to  relormation"  which  he  discovered  in  Black- 
stone's  volumes.  This  objection  is  happily  answered  by 
Mr.  Roscoe,  who  remarks  that 

*•  Blackstone  did  not  profess  to  be  a  ocnsor,  but  merely  an  ex- 
positor, of  the  law." 

"His  object  was.  in  fiict.  to  show  wh.it  the  Law  of  England  wjus, 
not  what  it  ouglit  to  be." — Cuninngham's  Bi'g.  Ifid. 

Dr.  Priestley  also  pub.  some  Remarks  on  the  4lh  volume, 
which  were  answered  by  Blaekstcne.  1769,  8vo.  Black- 
stone  also  pub.  Considerations  (»n  Copy  Holdei'S,  and  some 
other  legal  treatises,  Reports,  &q.,  and  is  author  of  a  vin- 
dication of  Addison  respecting  his  misunderstanding  with 
Pope,  in  the  Biog.  Brit.  See  Addison.  A  list  of  edi- 
tions, abridgments  of  the  Commentaries,  etc..  will  be  found 
in  Lowndes's  Bibliographer's  Manual ;  consult  also  AnthoD, 
Ayres.  Bentham.  Curry,  Field.  Furneux.  Priestley,  Rowe, 
Sedgwick,  Warren,  Marvin,  &c,  AVe  observe  by  the  cata- 
logue of  Messrs.  Longman,  Brown,  Green,  and  Lmigman, 
November.  185.'J,  that  they  advertise  as  in  preparation  the 
twenty-third  edition,  iucluding  the  alterations  to  the  pre- 
sent time,  edited  by  James  Stewart,  E.-^q.,  of  Lincoln's 
Inn.  It  will  not  be  expected  that  we  should  enter  into  an 
examination  of  the  merits  of  the  annotations  of  the  many 
distinguished  legal  authors  who  have  profitably  exercised 
their  profound  learning  and  critical  acumen  in  the  illus- 
tration of  Blackstone.  Messrs.  Burn.  Williams.  Christian, 
Archbold,  Coleridge,  Chitty,  Curry,  Gifford.  Field,  Wanos- 
trocht,  Taylor,  Rowe.  Stephen.  Stewart,  Ac,  deserve  ho- 
nourable mention  wlieuever  the  name  of  the  great  Com- 
meutati.r  occurs.  Not  only  the  members  of  the  profession 
are  debtors  to  these  gentlemen,  but  for  their  labours  the 
gratitude  of  the  public  at  large  is  eminently  due.  As  we 
have  had  occasion  to  remark  in  another  place,  so  long  as 
it  is  not  *' possible"  to  "live  peaceably  with  all  men" — so 
long  as  there  are  rights  to  be  vindicated,  wrongs  to  be  re- 
dressed, boundaries  to  be  defined,  and  prfi])erty  to  be  se- 
cured— so  long  shall  we  need  the  legal  prnfession  to  be 
"with  us."  As  every  one,  therefore,  is  liable  to  personal 
experience  of,  and  serious  sulfering  from,  the  indecision 
of  the  bench,  the  perplexities  of  the  bar,  and  the  igno- 
rance and  prejudice  of  the  juries,  so  every  one  can  per- 
ceive the  value  of  those  compilations  bj'^  which  forensic 
wisdom  is  placed  upon  record,  and  the  philosophy  of  juris- 
prudence, illustrated  by  the  expositions  of  its  most  pro- 
found sages,  occupies  the  "seat  of  Gamaliel"  for  the  in- 
struction of  mankind.  The  perusal  of  Blackstone  and  his 
Commentators,  besides  the  other  advantages  offered  to  the 
intelligent  mind,  will  hardly  fail  to  produce  one  valuable 
result.  It  will  expose  the  absurdity  of  that  popular  cant 
— so  common  with  conceited  ignorance — which  would  ad- 
vise us  to  cashier  our  lawyers,  and  give  the  law-calf  of  our 
libraries  to  the  flames.  The  settlement  of  rights,  the  as- 
certainment of  duties,  and  the  various  issues  proceeding 
therefrom,  must  ever  constitute  a  science,  with  its  code  of 
laws  and  corp.s  of  professors,  so  lung  as  it  is  preferable  to 
have  established  principles  which  shall  rule  individual 
cases,  to  an  endless  litigation  upon  isolated  instances. 
We  can  hardly  close  this  article,  long  as  it  is,  with  pro- 
priety, without  citing  the  opinions  of  some  eminent  autho- 
rities upon  a  work  which  (though  not  faultless)  can  only 
perish  in  the  general  wreck  of  the  recorded  wisdom  of  the 
world  : 

"CorreL-t,  elefcant,  unpmhanusspd,  ornamented,  the  style  is  such 
as  could  scarce  fail  torcrommend  awork  still  more  vicious  in  point 
of  matter  to  thp  multitude  of  r^'adel■s.  He  it  is.  in  .short,  who, 
first  of  all  institutional  writers,  has  taught  jurisprudence  to  speak 
the  language  of  the  scholar  and  the  gentleman ;  put  a  polish  upon 
that  rugged  science;  cleansed  her  from  the  dust  and  cobwebs  of 
the  office;  and  if  he  has  not  enriched  her  with  that  precision 
which  is  drawn  only  fi'om  the  sterling  tre.asury  of  the  sciences, 
has  decked  her  out.  however,  to  advantage,  from  the  toilet  of  clas- 
sical erudition;  enlivened  her  with  metaphors  and  .-jllusinns;  and 
Bent  her  abroad  in  some  measure  to  instruct,  and  in  still  greater 
measure  to  entertain,  the  most  miscellaneous,  and  even  the  most 
festidious,  societies.  The  merit,  to  which,  as  much  perhaps  as  to 
any.  the  work  stands  indebted  for  its  reputation,  is  the  enchanting 
harmony  of  its  numbers;  a  kind  of  merit  th.it  of  itself  is  suffi- 
cient to  give  a  certain  degree  of  celebrity  to  a  work  devoid  of  every 
198  ^ 


I  of  Jier :  so  much  is  man  governed  by  the  ear." — Jeremy  Bentham  : 
;  Frngmfnt  im  O'oveifinieJit. 

\       "  Vou.  of  course,  read  Blackstone  over  and  over  again :  and,  if 

so,  pray  tell  me  whether  you  agree  with  me  in  thiuKiui:  his  stvle 

of  Liiglish  the  Very  bust  among  our  umdem  writers;  ai^^avs  easy 

'  and  iutelli^iilile,  lar  more  correct  than  Hume,  and  les.s  studied  and 

made  up  than  iiobertson." — C.  J.  F"X.  in  a  UVn-  to  Mr.  TiUter. 
I  "His  purity  of  style  I  particularly  admire.  He  was  distin- 
guished as  much  for  simplicity  and  strength  as  any  writer  in  the 
Kn-zlish  language.  He  was  perfectly  free  from  all  Gallitisms  and 
ridiculous  affectations,  for  which  so  many  of  our  modein  authors 
and  orators  are  so  remarkable.  Upon  this  ground,  therefore.  I  es- 
teem Judge  iJlackstone;  but  as  a  constitutional  writer  he  is  by  no 
means  an  object  of  my  esteem." — C.  J.  Fox's  Dtbatr  on  the.  admis- 
sinn  nf  Lord  EUenhnrintgh  into  Vie  Oabbut.  See  Cuunitgham's 
Biog.  History. 

AVe  refer  the  reader  to  the  article  Blackstone  in  Marvin's 
Legal  Bibliography,  from  which,  and  the  opinious  there 
quoted,  we  shall  make  some  extracts: 

'•  Probably  there  is  not  a  treatise  mentioned  in  the  whole  Bibli- 
ography of  the  common  law,  about  which  a  greater  coutiariety  of 
opinion  has  existed  than  of  Blackstone's  Commentaries.  .Soon 
after  their  publication  the  controversy  began,  and  from  that  time 
to  the  present  these  volumes,  on  the  one  hand,  have  been  most 
acrimoniously  and  unjustly  criticised,  and.  on  the  other,  inordi- 
nately and  Injudiciously  praised.  Impertinent  and  unfair  criti- 
cism will  no  more  guide  us  to  a  pmper  opinion  of  the  value  of  a 
production,  than  over-zealous  and  indiscriminate  praise.  Did  we 
believe  the  foi-mer,  Blackstone  is  an  inmu'thndical,  uninformt-d 
writer,  whose  Commentaries  'contain  S"nie\\hat  which  is  not  law 
upon  almost  every  page.'  Did  we  believe  the  latter,  his  Commentaries 
are  unsurpassed  models  of  method,  precision,  and  clearness,  which 
should  be  perused  itvriim  aiqw:  il'^nim.  All  are.  however,  agreed, 
that  they  are  written  in  a  nervous,  elegant,  and  pellucid  style; 
models  of  legal  purity  of  dictiou.  Before  the  time  of  '=ir  Matthew 
Hale,  the  Common  Law  was  considered  as  incapable  of  .system,  by 
reason,  it  was  said,  of  the  inrlij-estednesR  of  it.  and  the"  multipli- 
city of  the  cases;  but  Hale  w;is  ii-t  nf  this  npjninn.  and  by  his 
Analysis  fully  showed  how  .  ai^iLle  the  snl.ierf  wa:=  of  method  and 
system.    On  this  foundation  Blackstone  built  his  immortal  work." 

Mr.  Austin  is  very  severe  upon  our  author: 

'■  The  method  observed  by  Blackstone  in  his  too  celebrated  Com- 
mentaries is  a  slavish  and  blunderim;  copy  of  the  very  imperfect 
metlmd  which  Hale  diiineated  roughly  in  his  short  and  unfinish- 
ed .\nalysis.  From  the  outset  to  the  end  of  his  Commentaries,  he 
blindly  adopts  the  mistakes  nf  bis  rude  and  compendious  model; 
missing  itivaiiably.  with  a  nice  and  surprising  infelicity,  the  preg- 
nant lutt  obscure  suggestions  which  it  proffered  to  his  attention, 
and  which  would  have  guided  a  discerning  and  inventive  wnter 
to  an  arrangement  comparatively  just.  Keither  in  the  gener^ 
conception  nor  in  the  detail  of  his  book,  is  there  a  single  particle 
of  original  and  discriminating  thought.  He  had  read  somewhat, 
(though  far  less  than  is  commonly  believed,  tbut  he  had  swallowed 
the  matter  of  his  reading  without  choice  and  without  rumination." 
—  Outline  nf  a  Coume  of  Lrctiirex.  63. 

"  I'erhaps  no  professional  writer  has  suffered  more  from  the  zeal 
of  injudii  iitus  admirers  than  Blackstone  in  his  celebrated  Commen- 
taries. They  were  not  designed  for  students  at  law.  but  for  stu- 
dents at  the  University:  they  were  not  addressed  to  professional, 
but  to  unprofessii^nal.  readers.  He  was  not  a  lecturer  of  an  Inn 
of  Court,  hut  a  University  professor — not  to  inform  lawyers,  but 
to  render  the  law  intelligible  to  the  uninfoi-med  minds  of  begin- 
ners. Addressing  himself  to  persons  of  this  description,  like  an 
e.xperienced  actor,  he  accommodated  himself  to  the  temper  and  cha- 
racter of  his  audience,  rather  for  effect  than  with  a  view  to  de- 
monstrate. Like  the  gnomon  upon  the  sun-dial,  he  takes  no  ac- 
count of  any  hours  but  the  serene.  A  man  may  read  Blackstone's 
CoDimentaries  from  one  end  to  the  other,  and  yet  have  no  notion 
that  a  proposition  in  law  is  as  capable  of  being  resolved  and  de- 
monstrated as  a  proposition  in  mathematics.  In  the  rank  of  ele- 
mentary composition  they  might  forever  have  reposed  beneath  un- 
disturlied  laurels:  but  he  who  would  make  them  the  institute  of 
his  professional  education  imprudently  forces  them  into  an  ele- 
ment which  is  not  their  own,  and  lays  the  fnumfttion  for  those 
perilous  misvinderstanding.s — that  unlawyer-like,  jejune  smatter- 
ing, which  informs  without  enliirhtening.  and  leaves  its  delndcd 
TOtaryat  once  profoundly  itrnorant  and  contented." — Sitso's  Law 
Ftinmtinri.  30,  76.  See  also  Jones  on  Bailments,  4;  Hargrave's 
Law  Tracts,  45. 

"  A  good  gentleman's  law-book ;  clear,  but  not  deep.'' — J.  Hobne 

TOOKK. 

'•  Blackstone  is  a  feeble  reasoner,  and  a  confused  thinker." — 
Mm'lintoxh^s  Ethical  Piiilosophi/^  187. 

"  Blackstone's  knowledse  of  Knglish  History  was  rather  superfi- 
cial."— Hall'itu's  Middle  Jtje!^,  ch.  viii. 

"  In  questions  upon  rmistitutional  Law.  Blackstone  is  not  au- 
thority."-—Of  r/wn'f?/' ''■•-■  Co),stilidif>)u  29;  Fox,  H  CohhrtCs  Pari.  Dih.y 
834.  contra  ;  Stnrifs  Inniif/nr-i/  Address.  59, 

"  Blackstone's  opinions  on  the  Criminal  Law.  as  contained  in  his 
Commentaries,  are  to  be  regarded  as  the  ofTspring  of  an  eager 
rather  than  a  well-informed  mind." — Lort>  Ei.nn>;,  1  Jtn-ist,  459.  N. 

'•  Gives  a  brief  but  a  trifling  account  of  Equity  Jurisprudence." 
— 1  M"d.  Chnncen/  Pref.  19.  *'  Not  authority." — 1  &//o.  &  Lr/., 
327  ;  PrcVs  Trial,  303;  'Paso's  Law  FAucatirm',  33. 

*■  Oood  authority."  '-The  Commentaries  are  still  quoted,  and 
as  frequently  as  ever  in  the  Courts  nf  Law  and  Kquity;  if  possible, 
with  increased  respect  for  the  value  of  Blackstone's  opinions,  and 
of  the  evidence  which  his  pages  afTord,  of  the  former  state  of  the 
law." — Warrnil's  Law  SludJes.'i~G;  4  Dunn.  &  East,  311;  Ama'ivan 
Pepfirts,  passim. 

"■  The  Commentaries  contain  a  thousand  sophistries,  dangerous 
to  the  principles  whit-h  every  citizen  of  our  free  republic  ought, 
and  every  professor  of  our  laws  is  sworn,  to  maintain.'' — Sampson 
on  CodrR  and  dim.  Jynv,  6. 

"  Blackstone's  Commentaries  are  a  wonderful  work,  and  the  more 


BLA  ^LA 

a  Lawver  read-  and  rtudios  the  mnreie  will  appreciate  them;  it  is  :   eary  in  deliheati.^  the  mnre  minute  parts,  yet,  npon  the  whole, 
not^th  him  we  find  fauit  but  with  those  who  l.lindly  «py  him  .,   the  «Kures  are  -'"--■".'^  '  -^yi;";^  °f  t'?f  '"o^r^istol  En^ 
even  in  his  errors,  who  seem  to  think  nothini!  in  him  can  be  wrong,  ,        Blackwell,  Elizabeth,  M.D..bl&21    Bristol,  fcng., 
nothins;  improved  upon."— 2  L.  M.,  62.  ,  '  removed  to  U.S.  18:i2.     The  Laws  of  Life,  with  special  reler- 

"I  -    .      - 

book 
prebi 

practical  branches  of  the  law,  we  must  confess  the  hand  of  a  master. 
But  in  the  miuutiie  he  is  frequeutly,  very  frt-iuently,  inaccurate, 
lie  .should,  theroiore,  be  read  with  caution.  The  student,  in  read- 
ing him,  will  often  require  explanation  from  him  whose  duty  it  is 
t^\^slr-ai-t:—W,ilkinisI'rin.ofOmr:yancmillnt..  2K. 

"  Ulackstones  manner  is  clear  and  methodical;  his  sentiments, 
I  speak  orthiHi  generally,  are  judicious  aud  solid  ;  his  language  is 
eleuMot  ar.d  pui-e.  In  public  law,  however,  he  should  be  consulted 
with  a  cautious  prudence.  But  even  in  public  law.  his  principles, 
when  thev  are  nut  proper  objects  of  imitation,  will  furnish  excel- 
lent materials  nf  contrast.    On  every  account,  therefore,  he  should     _ 

be  read  and  studied.     He  deserves  to  be  much  admired;  but  he  i  ^^j^^^  other  papers  upon  this  subject, 
ought  not  to  be  implicitly  followed."—  Wihim'n  nm-hs,  --.  i       ,.  jj^  ^^.^^^  ^s,t^,n,ed  by  tho.se  of  his  own  i 

"Till  of  late  I  could  never  with  any  satisfaction  to  myself,  point  '  -  -    ■ 

'     *     student;  but  since  the  pub- 


out  a  book  proper  for  the  perusal  of  a  s 

lication  of  Mr.  lilackstoues  Commentaries.  I  can  never  be  at  a 

loss." — Lord  Mansfield  :  HoUiday^s  Life  of,  89. 

At  the  conclusion  of  these  quotations,  Mr.  JIarvin  gives 
us  the  following  general  references:  Williams's  Study  of 
the  Law,  92;  Bever's  Legal  Polity,  474;  1  Kent,  512; 
i  do.,  21)9;  Trotter's  Memoirs  of  Fo.\,  612  ;  3  London  Ju- 
rist, 106;  Wodrteson's  Elements,  189;  Hoffman's  Legal 
Study,  152  ;  Ruggles's  Barrister,  1S7  ;  Wright's  Study  of 
the  Law,  69;  Amos's  Introductory  Lecture,  19;  Selwin's 
N.  P.,  4,"i,  N. ;  12  A.  J.,  9. 

We  couchulo  our  notice  of  this  eminent  lawyer  by  citing 
the  opinion  of  Professor  Smyth  of  Cambridge  : 

"  De  Lolme  is  too  much  of  a  panegyrist  upon  our  constitution, 
as  indeed  is  Blackstone.— not  to  say  that  the  latter  is  rather  a 
lawver  th.an  a  constitutional  writer.  Blackstone  is  quite  inferior 
to  himself,  when  he  becomes  a  political  reasoner ;  and  if  he  had 
lived  in  our  own  times,  he  would  not  have  written  (he  could  not 
have  written,  a  man  of  such  capacity  I  in  the  vague  and  even  super- 
ficial manner  in  which  he  has  certainly  done,  on  many  of  such 
occasion.s.  in  his  greiit  work  of  the  Commentaries.  .  .  .  However 
distinguished  for  his  high  endowments  and  extensive  acquire- 
ments" and  however  impressed  with  a  sense  of  the  advantages  to 
be  derived  from  a  free  government,  he  has  certainly  never  been 
considered  as  a  writer  very  particularly  anxious  for  the  popular 
part  of  the  constitution."— iccdircs  m  Slothrn  Hislory. 

We  are  pleased  to  learn  that  one  of  the  most  profound 
jurists  aud  intelligent  expositors  of  Civil  and  Statute  Law 
of  whom  America  can  boast,  is  now  engaged  upon  an  edi- 
tion of  Blackstone,  prepared  with  especial  reference  to  the 
wants  of  the  American  student.  Judge  Sharswood  has 
long  devoted  himself  to  the  diligent  study  of  his  favourite 
author,  and  from  his  intimate  acquaintance  with  the  text, 
and  familiarity  with  the  general  principles  of  jurispru- 
dence, we  confidently  anticipate  a  work  which  will  claim 
a  conspictioiis  place  in  the  American  legal  library,  and  be  a 
valuable  addition  to  the  collection  of  the  intelligent  layman. 
Blackwail,  Anthony,  1674-1T.'50.  of  Emanuel  Col- 
lege, Cambridge,  Lecturer  of  All-IIallows  in  Derby.  His 
principal  work  was.  The  Sacred  Classics  Defended  and 
Illustrated ;  or  An  Essay  humbly  offered  towards  proving 
the  purity,  propriety,  and  true  eloquence  of  the  Writers  of 
the  New  Testament',  Lon.,  1725,  '27,  '31,  3  vols.  8vo.  The 
same  in  Latin  by  Wollius,  Lips.,  1736,  4to. 

*'  This  work  gives  many  well-chosen  instances  of  passages  in  the 
classics  which  may  justify  many  of  those  in  Scripture  that  have 
been  accounted  solecisms." — Dr.  Doddridge. 

"  Blackwail  was  a  strenuous  advocate  for  the  purity  of  the  Greek 
style  of  the  New  Testament,  which  he  vindicates  in  his  first  vo- 
lume. The  second  volume,  which  is  most  valuable,  contains  many 
excellent  observations  on  the  division  of  the  New  Testament  into 
chapters  and  verses,  and  also  on  various  readings." — T.  II.  Uorne. 
"  It  cannot  be  denied,  that  Blackwail  has  brought  a  large  portion 
of  learnin-'.  and  no  sra.all  portion  of  genius,  to  this  work;  but  every 
attentive  reader  must  be  sensible  that  he  often  tails  in  making  out 
his  point." — iJrme. 

'■  it  is  allowed,  that  this  work,  without  establishing  the  particu- 
lar aim  of  the  writer,  gives  lighttomany  passages."— Bickersteth. 
*'  Blackwall's  plan  is  like  comparing  the  proclamations  of  a  king 
with  the  eloiuent  speeches  of  an  orator;  or  an  edifying  popular 
hvmn  with  the  awful  and  pompous  ode  of  a  poet  laureat." — Dr. 
Willi  v>is. 

Blackwail,  Jona.     Beauties  of  Bp.  H.all,  1796,  8vo. 
Blackwell,  Alex.,  beheaded  1747.     A  New  Method 
of  Improving  Cold,  Wet,  and  Clayey  Grounds,  Lon.,  1741. 
Blackwell,  Eliilad.     Sermon,  Lon.,  1645,  4to. 
Blackwell,Elizabeth,  wife  of  Alexander,  (see  ante,) 
was  noted  for  her  skill  in  botany.     An  Herbal,  containing 
.ino  Cuts  of  the  Plants  most  useful  in  Physic,  Lon.,  1737- 
39,  2  vols.  fol.     Many  editions,  and  tran,s.  into  Latin  and 
German,  with  additions  by  Trew ;  continued  by  other  bo- 
tanists.    Mrs.  B.  gave  name  to  the  Blackwellia  race  of 
plants. 

"  The  drawings  are  in  general  faithful,  and  if  there  is  wanting 
that  accuracy  which  modern  improvements  have  rendered  neces- 


of  phys 

a  rcL'ularly  educated  phvsician."' 

Blackwell,  George,  1545-1612,  an  English  divine 
of  the  Roman  Church,  was  admitted  Scholar  of  Trinity 
College,  Oxford,  in  1662.  Ho  approved  of  the  oalh  of 
alleo-ianco  to  the  crown  of  England,  and  advi.scd  the  Ko- 
maiusts  to  take  it.  This  led  to  a  controversy  with  Cardinal 
Bellarmine.  His  Letters  to  the  Komish  Priests  touching 
the  lawfulness  of  taking  the  oath  of  allegiance  were  pub. 
in  1697,  4to.  Letter  to  Cardinal  Cajetane,  1596.  He  pub. 
aners  uDon  this  subject 

persuasion,  and  by  others 
likewb;e.  a  man  of  grea^t  learning  and  piety,  and  a  good  preacher." 
Blackwell,  Henry.    English  Fencing  Master,  Lon., 
1711.").  4to. 

Blackwell,  John.  Defeat  of  Goring's  Army  in  the 
West,  by  Sir  Thomas  Fairfax,  Lon.,  1645.  fol. 

Blackwell,  John.  Compendium  of  Military  Disci- 
pline, Lon.,  1726.  or  '9. 

Blackwell,  Sir  Kalph.     The  Honour  of  Merchant 

Tailors,  Lon.,4to.     Black  letter,  with  portrait  of  BlackwelL 

"  A  work  of  the  same  cUlss,  if  not  written  by  the  same  hand, 

with   the   well-known   history   of   Sir   liichard   Whittington."— 

Lowndes. 

Blackwell,  Robt.  Corn  Dealer's  Companion,  Lon., 
1707,  1201". 

Blackwell,  Samuel.     Sermons,  1705-19,  8vo. 
Bliickwell,  Samuel.     Parochial  Government,  Lon., 
1720,  12nio.     Reading   the   Scripture  in   Private,  4th  ed. 
Lon.'.  1736,  24mo. 

Blackwell,  Thomas,  d.  1728,  Professor  of  Divinity, 
and  Principal  of  the  Marischal  College,  Aberdeen.  Ratio 
Sacra,  Edin.,  1710,  8vo.  Schema  Sacrum,  Ediu.,  1710,  Syo. 
Methodus  Evangelica,  Lon.,  1712,  Svo. 

Blackwell,  Thomas,  1701-1757,  son  of  the  former, 
and  also  Professor  of  Divinity  and  Princiyial  of  the  Jlaris- 
chal  College.  Aberdeen,  was  a  native  of  Aberdeen. 

Enquiry  into  the  Life  and  Writings  of  Homer,  Lon., 
1735,  Svo. 

'■  By  Blackwell  of  Aberdeen,  or  rather  by  Bishop  Berkeley.  A 
fine,  though  sometimes  fanciful,  effort  of  genius.  "—Gibbon. 

"  A  production  which  displays  more  erudition  than  genius,  and 
more  alfectation  than  elegance." 

Proofs  of  the  Enquiry  into  the  Life  and  Writings  of 
Homer,  Lon.,  1747,  Svo. 

Letters  concerning  Mythology,  Lon.,  1743,  Svo. 
"  .V  pompous  tritle." 

Memoirs  of  the  Court  of  Augustus,  Edin.,  1763-55, 2  Tols. 
4to.     Lon.,  1764,  3  vols,  4to. 

■■  This  book  is  the  work  of  a  man  of  letters;  it  is  full  of  events 
displayed  with  accuracy,  and  related  with  vivacity;  and  is  suffi- 
ciently entertaining  to 'invite  readers."— A'ei'icto  i<i/  Dr.  Jnhmnn  in 
the  LiteraTy  Magazine :  he,  however,  treats  Blackwell  with  no  little 

severity.  , ,     ,  ,.    * 

"  It  cannot  be  denied  that  there  is  a  considerable  degree  of  af- 
fectation in  Dr.  Bkackwell's  style  and  manner  of  composition  :  and 
unhappily  this  affectation  increased  in  him  as  he  advanced  in 
years.  His  Enquiry  into  the  Life  of  Homer  was  not  free  from  it; 
it  was  still  more  discernible  in  his  Letters  concerning  Mythology, 
and  was  most  of  all  apparent  in  his  .Memoirs  of  the  Court  of  Au- 
gustus." See  Biog.  Brit. :  and  see  his  proposals  for  Plato,  in  Gent. 
Mag.,  xxi.  383. 

Blackwood,  Adam,  1539-1623,  Professor  of  CivU 
Law  at  Poictiers,  was  a  native  of  Dunfermline,  Scotland. 
Ho  was  a  great  favourite  with  Mary  Queen  of  Scots,  and 
when  she  was  put  to  death  by  Eliz.abeth,  he  revised  and 
corrected  the  Relation  du  Martyre  de  Marie  Stuart,  Reine 
d'Ecosse,  printed  at  Antwerp  in  1588,  Svo.  His  W(.rks  col- 
lected were  pub.  at  Paris  by  Gabriel  Naudemus,  1644.  4to. 

"  He  addresses  himself  in  a  vehement  strain  of  passion  to  all  the 
princes  of  Kurope  to  avenu'e  Mary's  death.  ...  A  most  virulent 
invective  against  Queen  Klizabeth."— Blsliop  Xicolson. 

His  Sanctorum  Precationum  Prsemia,  Ac,  pub.  in  1598, 
Svo,  owed  its  production  to  a  cause  which,  as  its  recital 
may  be  useful  to  authors  by  way  of  abating  inordinate 
study,  and  stimulating  devotion,  we  shall  present  lor  their 

l^enefit:  ■  »     -„ 

"  The  occasion  of  his  writing  this  book,  which  consists  ot  Prayers 
and  Devotions  upon  Divine  Subjects,  was,  That  he  usually  read 
the  most  of  the  N  ight.  and  had  thereof  so  weakened  his  Eyes,  that 
he  could  hardly  know  his  children  if  they  were  but  ten  foot  dis- 
tant from  him :  for  which  the  Archbishop  [of  Glasgow,  James  Bea^ 
ton]  advised  him  to  a  more  useful  and  safe  way  to  employ  his  Time, 
which  was  in  frequent  and  fervent  Prayers  to  God." — Mackenzie's 
Scotch  Wt-iters. 

Blackwood,  Christopher.  Theolog.  works,  1644, 
'45,  '54,  '59,  4to. 


199 


BLA 


BLA 


Blackwood,  Henry,  b.  about  1526?  d.  about  1614, 
was  a  bruLher  of  Adam  Blackwood,  (t^ee  ante.)  lie  Uxught 
philosophy  at  Paris,  and  was  subsequently  made  dean  of 
the  faculty  in  the  college  of  that  city.  He  was  the  author 
of  some  medical  and  philosophical  treatises,  of  which  at 
least  two  were  printed;  Hippocratis  quaidam  cura  MSS. 
coUata,  Paris,  1625;  Questio  Medica,  &c..  Paris,  4to. 

Blackwood,  Henry,  d.  16:U,  son  of  the  preceding. 
Professor  of  Medicine  and  Surgery,  wrote  some  medical 
treatises. 

Blacow,  Richard.  Four  Sermons,  1812,  8vo.  vState- 
ment  of  circumstances  of  the  prosecution  of  the  King  v. 
Blacow,  1812,  8vo.  A  Letter  to  M.  Gregson,  1814,  8vo. 
A  Letter  to  Wm.  King,  LL.D.,  1S23,  8vo. 

Bladen,  Lt,  Col.  Martin,  d.  1746,  a  member  of 
Parliament,  served  under  bis  iurmer  schooli'ellow,  the  Duke 
of  Marlborough,  and  dedicated  to  him  his  translation  of 
the  Works  of  Ctesar,  Lon.,  1719.  8vo.  He  was  alr^o  author 
of  two  dramatic  pieces,  Solon,  and  Orpheus  and  Eurydice; 
which  were  pub.  in  1705.  without  his  consent.  The  learned 
Mr.  Bowyer  was  employed  to  print  Bladen's  trans,  of 
Coesar ;  and  as  was  his  wont  when  he  noticed  errors  and 
defects,  he  made  many  valuable  corrections  in  the  work. 
Upon  one  of  these  passages  he  consulted  the  eminent 
scholar,  Jeremiah  Marlvland,  who  returned  him  the  follow- 
ing amusing  reply,  which  Bladen  would  hardly  have  re- 
lished : 

*'I  think  in  all  my  life  I  never  saw  such  a  translation  as  that 
you  have  sent  me  of  these  lines.  If  I  were  in  your  place.  I  would 
leave  it  just  as  it  is.  You  will  have  an  infinite  deal  of  trouljle. 
without  any  reward,  or  so  much  as  thanks  fi'oni  those  whose afTair 
it  is  ;  perhaps,  just  the  contrary.  I  repeat  it  ayaiu,  do  not  meddle 
with  it." — A'ic/if'h''s  Literary  Anecdoi^ts. 

Bladen,  Thomas.     Sermons,  1695,  4to. 

Ula£;den,  Sir  Charles,  M.D..  1748-1820.  an  eminent 
English  physician  and  chemist,  took  his  doctor's  degree 
at  Edinburgh  in  17(iS.  He  contributed  many  valuable 
professional  papers  to  the  PhiL  Trans.  1775,  '81,  'S.S,  '84, 
'87,  '88,  '90,  and  1813;  to  Medical  Facts,  1791,  '92, '93, 
and  to  Med.  Trans.  1813. 

"  He  lived  on  terms  of  intimacy  with  the  chief  scientific  men  of 
his  day,  and  particularly  with  Sir  Jnseph  BanUs.  IJart.,  for  nearly 
half  a  centuiy,  and  was  for  many  vears  one  of  the  secretaries  of 
the  Royal  Society." — Hose's  Bine/.  Diet. 

Blagdon,ft^rancis  William.  Modern  Discoveries ; 
a  traus.,  8  vols.  18mo,  Lon.,  1802-03.  Brief  History  of 
Ancient  and  Modern  India,  Lon.,  1S()5,  fol.  This  gentle- 
man has  written  and  trans,  several  other  works,  biograph., 
geographical,  &e. 

Blage,  Thomas.  Scheie  of  Wise  Conceytes,  1569. 
A  bo<ik  of  ^snpian  Fables.     Ritson's  Kibl.  Poet.,  132. 

Bla;rrave,  J,  Laws  regulating  Bills  of  Exchange, 
Lon..  1783,  12mo. 

Blagrave,  John,  d.  1611,  an  eminent  mathematician, 
was  educated  at  Reading  School,  and  at  St.  John's  College, 
Oxford.  A  Mathematical  Jewel,  shewing  the  making  and 
most  excellent  use  of  an  instrument  so  called  :  the  use  of 
which  jewel  is  so  abundant,  that  it  leadelh  the  direct  path- 
way through  the  whole  art  of  Astronomy,  Cosmography. 
Geography,  &c.,  Lon.,  1582,  fol.  In  the  preface  to  this 
work,  he  gives  the  following  excellent  advice  to  bis  readers  : 
we  commend  it  to  the  practice  of  all  students,  young  or  old  : 
"Never  ^ive  over  at  the  first,  though  anv  thiiiK  seenie  hard; 
rather  ask  a  httle  helpe:  and  if  ynu  desire  to  he  excellent  perfite 
in  your  instrument,  abridge  my  Mhule  workc,  and  you  shall  tinde 
it  will  stfuide  yuu  more  eteedp  tlian  twenty  times  reading.  I  have 
always  dune  so  with  any  booke  I  liked." 

Of  the  making  and  use  of  the  Familiar  Staff,  so  called: 
for  that  it  may  be  made  useful  and  familiarly  to  walk  with. 
as  for  that  it  performeth  the  geometrical  mensuration  of 
all  altitudes,  1590,  4to.  Astrolabium  Uranicum  generale; 
a  necessary  and  pleasant  solace  and  recreation  for  naviga- 
tors in  their  long  journeying,  c(mtaining  the  use  of  an  in- 
strument, or  astrolabe,  &c.,  1596,  4to.  The  Art  of  Dialling; 
in  two  parts,  1609,  4to. 

*'  He  prosecuted  with  great  zeal  his  mathematical  trenie  to  so 
considerable  a  height,  that  he  was  esteemed  the  flower  of  mathe- 
maticians of  his  age His  epitaph  runs  thus:    'Johannes 

Blagravius   totus  mathematicus,  cum  matre  sepuUus:   Ohiit  J. 
Aug.,  1611. 

'  Here  lies  his  corps,  which  living  had  a  spirit. 

"Wherein  much  worthv  knowlt-diie  did  inlieiit. 

liy  which,  with  zeal,  one  Cod  he  did  adore. 

Left  fnr  maid-servants  and  to  feed  the  poor; 

[His  vertuous  mother  came  of  worthy  race, 

A  Hungei(i)rd.  and  hurii-d  near  this  plare. 

Uhen  Ood  sent  death  their  lives  away  to  call. 

They  liv"d  belovd.  and  died  bewaild'by  all.'"] 
_-  Athen.  Oxon. 

Blaprave,  Sir  John,  supposed  to  be  of  the  same 
^mily  with  the  preceding.  A  Reading  upon  tiie  Statute  32 
Hen.  VIII.,  concerning  Jointures,  Lou..  1648,  4to. 


Blagrave,  Jonathan,  Sermons.  1691-93,  4to. 
■5?!agrave,  Joseph,  1610-1679.  Supi)lement  to  Pla- 
ni^^^pherium  Calhoiicnni,  Lon.,  1658,  4to.  Epitome  of  the 
Art  of  Husbandry,  Lon.,  1669,  12mo.  (?)  Supplement 
to  Kic.  Culpepper's  English  Physician,  Lon.,  1666,  Svo. 
Astrological  Practice  of  Physic,  discovering  the  true  met  hod 
of  curing  all  kinds  of  diseases  by  such  herbs  and  jdants 
as  grow  in  our  nation,  Lou.,  1671,  8vo.  An  Introduction 
to  Astrology,  1682,  8vo.  Essay  on  Gun-shot  Woumls,  8vo. 
Account  of  Drugs,  &c.,  Svo.  See  account  of  a  MS.  as- 
cribed to  him  in  Biog.  Brit. 

Blagrave,  Samuel,  is  said  by  Weston  to  be  the  au- 
thor of  the  Epitome  of  the  Art  of  Husbandry,  Lon.,  lGt)9, 
12mo.  See  Llagrave,  Josei-h.  Otherc  ascribe  the  Epi- 
tome to  Billingsliy.     See  Donaldson's  Agricult.  Biog. 

Blaikie,  Francis.  1.  Conversion  of  Arable  Land 
into  Pasture,  &v.,  Lun.,  1819,  12mo.  2.  Managcmeut 
of  Farm  Yard  Manure,  and  formation  of  Cumpo-^t,  &c., 
1819,  i2mo.  3.  Management  of  Hedge-rows  and  Hedge- 
row Timber,  1820,  12mo.  4.  Mildew,  and  the  Cultivation 
of  Wheat,  Ac,  1821,  12mo.    5.  Smut  in  Wheat,  1822, 12mo. 

"Mr.  lilaiUie's  piiiclical  intelligence  is  distinguished  by  a  very 
sound  judgment  and  a  reasonable  oliservalion.  It  is  to  be  regrets 
ted  thiit  the  author  did  not  compcse  a  systematic  woik  of  agri- 
cultural comprehension,  which  would  have  contained  his  extensive 
and  varied  knowledge,  and  relieved  his  mind  of  an  accumulated 
burden.  Essays,  treatises,  and  pamphlets  are  with  difficulty  made 
kuown,  and  looked  on  as  insignificant.  For  our  own  part,  we  re- 
gard such  authors  of  enlightened  practice,  asgieally  advanced  Le- 
tbre  chemital  theorists  and  vague  idealoj^ies.'" — DtnaldtmVs  Agii- 
cuUural  Bing. 

Blaine,  Delabere  P.,  Professor  of  Animal  Medi- 
cine. Anat<imy  of  the  Horse.  Lon.,  1799,  fol.  Canine 
Pathology.  Lon.,  1800,  Svo.  The  Outlines  of  Veterinary 
Art,  Lon.,  1802,  2  vols. 

"In  the  execution  of  this  comprehensive  plan,  the  author  de- 
serves considerable  ciedit," — Lon.  Moiiihhj  Liview. 

*'  It  appears  to  us  that  this  work  is  the  l^est  and  most  scientific 
system  of  the  Veterinary  Art  that  has  hitherto  appeared  in  this 
country." — British  Critic. 

A  Domestic  Treatise  on  the  Diseases  of  Horses  and  Dogs, 
Lon.,  1803,  12mo.  Eneyclopa?dia  of  Kural  Sports,  with 
nearly  600  engravings  on  wood,  1840,  8voj  1S52,  Svo. 

"  Mr.  Blaine's  perseverance  in  ccmpiling  this  work  must  have 
been  immense.  The  task  of  j-eading  all  the  sporting  literature  of 
the  past  and  present  day.  of  digesting  it.  of  I  alanoing  antagonistic 
opinions,  and  of  deducing  solid  inferences,  doubtless  presented 
dilficulties  that  would  have  daunted  mcst  men  at  the  outset  of  a 
similar  undertaking." — London  O'lohe. 

"  A  more  instructive  and  amusing  publication  never  issued  fiom 
the  press.'' — London  Spartfinav. 

"  Unquestionably  a  treasury  of  sporting  knowledge." — Lon. 
Sptivting  /review. 

"It  ought  to  be  in  every  country  library,  from  that  of  the  noble- 
man to  the  tenant  farmer.  We  knowof  no  work  likely  to  be  more 
useful  and  agreeable  to  readers  of  all  classes,  whether  young  or  old, 
grave  or  gay." — British  Farmcr''s  Mcpa^ine. 

"  Fullof  useful,  attractive,  and  exciting  reading." — Lon.  Monthly 
Rei-'inr. 

"  A  perfect  library  for  all  lovers  of  country  sports,  for  all  coun- 
try gentlemen,  and  for  all  persons  ■n  ho  delight  in  the  manly  and 
healthy  recreations  whi(h  are  afforded  to  no  country  in  such  per- 
fection as  to  the  inhabitants  of  the  British  Isles." — London  Times. 

Blair,  Major.     Campaign  in  Saxony,  Lon.,  1745.  fol. 

Blair,  Bricc.  The  Vision  of  Theodorus  Verax.  Lon., 
1671,  8vo. 

Blair,  Daniel.  Some  Account  of  the  last  Yellow 
Fever  Epidemic  of  British  Guiana,  edited  by  John  Daw. 
M.D.,  &c.  "^ 

"  Ur.  Blair's  account  nf  the  Yellow  Fever  of  British  Ouiana  ap- 
pears to  be  a  veiT  able  book ;  full  of  facts  acutely  observed,  well 
presented,  and  classed  in  an  orderly  manner.'' — Lrrndtn  Spfctutor. 

"The  chapter  on  morlad  anatomy  forms  a  rich  and  nirst  valu- 
able section  in  the  book.  We  have  perused  its  elaborate  details 
with  much  interest,  and  we  only  refrain  from  quotation  because 
every  line  seems  equally  miportant.  Dr.  Blair  is  deserving  of  all 
praise  for  the  enthusiasm  with  which  he  has  studied  the  .subject; 
and  he  has,  in  these  careful  directions,  performed  an  onei-rus  but 
high  service,  in  presenting  to  the  reader  so  much  sterliiiL'  informal 
tion.  .  .  .  Dr. Blair's  book  is  the  production  of  a  painstaking  and 
well-informed  physician ;  its  pages  are  replete  with  condensed  and 
original  matter;  and  we  sincerely  hope  he  will  prosecute  his  la- 
bours, feeling  assured  that  his  autboi  ity  will  be  long  cited  as  one 
of  the  ablest  writers  on  Yellow  Y<^\er:"—Linnhm  Lancet. 

Blair,  David,  D.D.,  author  of  English  Grammar, 
Class  Book,  Reading  Exercises,  The  Mother's  Questton 
Book,  and  other  educational  works. 

"The  name  of  Dr.  Blair  is  identified  with  elementary  knowledge; 
and  these  fist.  2d.  and  ."-d  Mother's  Catechisms]  are"  well  worthy 
the  attention  of  the  parent  and  teacher."— AV/i/co^irnn/  M.igmive. 

Blair,  Hu^h,  D.D.,  I718-I800,  a  native  of  Edinburgh, 
entered  the  University  of  that  city  in  1730.  In  this  seat 
of  learning  he  devoted  himself  to  scientific,  literary,  and 
theolojiical  studies  for  the  lonp  term  <y^  eleven  years.  Ho 
took  his  degree  of  A.M.  in  17;'>9;  was  licensed  to  preach 
in  1741,  and  in  1757  received  the  degree  of  D.D.  from  th© 


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University  of  St.  Andrew's.  In  1742  he  received  a  presen- 
tation to  the  parish  uf  Colessie  in  Fife,  which  he  left  in 
the  next  year  to  fill  a  vacancy  which  hail  occurred  in  the 
second  charge  of  the  Canongate  of  Edinburgh.  After 
discharging  the  duties  of  this  post  for  eleven  years,  he 
was  translated  in  1754  to  Lady  Yestw's,  one  of  the  city 
churches.  Four  years  after  this  transhition  he  was  ho- 
noured by  promotion  to  the  High  Church  of  Edinburgh, 
where  he  remained  until  his  death  in  1800.  In  1769  he 
read  in  the  college  at  Edinburgh  a  course  of  lectures  on 
Composition,  which  excited  so  much  admiraliou  that  in 
1762  George  III.  was  pleased  to 

'■  Erect  and  eiul<iw  a  Professorship  of  Illn'triric  and  Belles  Let- 
tresinthe  Univer.sitynf  Kdinbuvph.andtoaiipoiutDi-.  Blair,  in  con- 
sidei-ali  la  of  his  approved  qualifications,  Itcgius  I'rofessor  thereof, 
with  a  siliii-y  of  £7U." 

In  1783,  when  he  resigned  his  professorship,  he  pub.  his 
Lectures  on  Rbetoric  and  Belles  Lettres,  Lod.,  2  vols.  4to. 
Many  editions  have  been  pub.  of  these  celebrated  Lectures. 

"  The  author  gives  them  to  the  world,  neither  as  a  work  wholly 
oripuiil,  nor  as  a  compilation  from  the  writinirs  of  others.  On 
evei'v  subject  contained  in  them,  be  has  thought  for  himself." — 

"  Their  mei-it  lies  in  their  good  taste  and  the  elaborate  elegance 
of  tha  l:in;i:uage."— William  Spalding,  Professor  of  Logic,  Kheto- 
ric.  and  MeLipbysirs  in  the  University  of  St.  Andrew's. 

'■Ttii'V  ciintain  an  aei-urate  analysis  of  the  principles  of  literary 
comprisitinu.  ill  all  t lie  various  species  of  writing:  a  happy  illus- 
tration of  those  principles  by  the  most  beautiful  and  apposite  ex- 
amples, drawn  from  the  best  authors,  both  ancient  and  modern; 
and  an  admirable  dii^est  of  the  rules  of  elocution,  as  applicable  to 
tb.3  oiatory  of  the  pulpit,  the  bar,  and  the  popular  assembly.  .  .  . 
So  useful  is  the  object  of  these  lectures,  so  cnniprebensive  their 
plan,  and  such  the  excellence  of  the  matter  they  contain,  that,  if 
not  the  most  splendid,  they  will,  perhaps,  prove  the  most  durable, 
munuuient  of  their  author's  reputation," 

An  amusing  conversation  between  Dr.  Johnson  and  Bos- 
well  respecting  these  Lectures,  will  be  found  ia  Boswell's 
Life  of  Johnson. 

Dr.  Blair  took  great  interest  in  *' rescuing  from  oblivion 
the  poems  of  Ossian."  His  biographer  a^^sures  us  that  it 
was  by  the  solicitation  of  Dr.  Blair  and  John  Home,  {au- 
thnr  of  Douglass,)  that  Macphcrson  was  induced  to  pub- 
lish hi.s  Fragment  of  Ancient  Poetry.  To  "these,  in  17(53, 
Blair  prelixcd  a  Dissertation  of  the  critical  kind  which 
procured  him  much  reputation,  whatever  may  be  thought 
of  the  subject."  Sec  Macpfiersos.  We  cannot  better 
introduce  the  mention  of  the  celebrated  sermons  by  which 
Blair  is  best  known  to  the  world,  than  by  an  extract  from 
Boswell's  Life  of  Johnson  : 

"The  lievcrend  Hugh  Blair,  who  had  long  been  admired  as  a 
preacher  at  Edinburgh,  thought  now  of  diffusing  his  excellent  ser- 
mons more  extensively  and  iucreasing  his  reputation,  by  publish- 
ing a  collection  of  them.  He  transmitted  the  manuscript  to  Mr. 
Strahan,  the  printer,  who.  after  keeping  it  for  some  time,  wrote  a 
letter  to  him,  discouraging  the  publication.  Such,  at  first,  was  the 
unpropitious  state  of  one  of  the  most  successful  theological  books 
that  has  ever  appeared.  Mr.  Strahan.  however,  had  sent  one  of 
the  sermons  to  Dr.  Johnson  for  his  opinion ;  and  after  his  unfa- 
vourable letter  to  Dr.  Blair  had  been  sent  off,  he  received  from 
Johnson  on  Christmas-eve,  a  note  in  which  was  the  following  pa- 
ragraph : 

"  '  1  have  read  Dr.  Blair's  first  sermon  with  more  than  approba- 
tion: to  say  it  is  good,  is  to  say  too  little.' "' 

Thus  encouraged,  Strahan  and  Cadell  purchased  the  1st 
vol.  for  £100,  which  they  voluntarily  doubled  on  account 
of  "  the  rapid  and  extensive  sale."'  For  vol.  2d  they  gave 
the  author  £;i(IO,  and  for  vol.  3d  £600.  The  whole  series 
comprises  b  vols.  8vo,  1777-lSOO.  The  reader  will  find 
frequent  mention  of  the  sermons  and  their  author  in  Bos- 
well's Life  of  Johnson  : 

'■Dr.  Blair  h  printing  some  sermons.  If  they  are  all  like  the 
first,  which  I  have  read,  they  are  sermnws  anrei\  uc  aitro  miu/is 
aiird.  It  is  excellently  written  both  as  to  doctrine  and  language. 
.  .  .  Please  to  return  Dr.  Blairthanks  for  his  sermons.  The  Scotch 
write  Knilisli  wnutlerfully  well.  .  .  .  Dr.  Blair's  sermons  are  now 
universalh'  ciTnuifiiiled;  but  let  him  think  that  I  had  the  honour 
of  first  finding  and  lirst  praising  his  excellencies.  I  did  not  stay 
to  add  mv  vdice  tn  that  of  the  public." — Letters  tn  Bn,<itvell  in  1777. 

"■  I  read  yesterday  Dr.  Blair's  sermon  on  devotion,  from  the  text. 
'Cornelius,  a  devout  man.'  His  doctrine  is  the  best  limited,  the 
best  expressed:  th-^re  is  the  most  warmth  without  fanaticism, 
the  most  rational  transport.  ...  A  noble  sermon  it  is.  indeed.  I 
wish  Blair  would  come  over  to  the  Church  of  England.  ...  I  love 
Blair's  sermons.  Though  the  dou  jg  a  Scotchman,  and  a  Presbyte- 
rian, and  every  thing  he  shnnld  not  be,  1  was  the  first  to  praise 
him.  Such  was  ray  candour  (smiling.)  Mrs.  Boscawkn  :  'Such  bis 
great  merit,  to  get  the  better  of  all  your  prejudice.'  '  Whv,  Ma- 
dam, let  us  compound  the  matter;  let  us  ascribe  it  to  my  candour, 
and  his  merit.'" 

Such  was  the  popularity  of  Blair's  Sermons,  that  it  has 
been  declared  to  exceed  ''all  that  we  read  of  in  the  his- 
tory of  literature.  ,  .  .  They  circulated  rapidly  and  widely 
wherever  the  English  tongue  extends;  they  were  soon 
translated  into  almost  all  the  languages  of  Europe."  Not 
the  least  pleasing  evidence  of  approbation  was  a  pension, 


conferred  by  royal  mandalc,  of  £200  per  annum,  which  the 
successful  preacher  enjoyed  until  his  death.  It  is  needless 
to  say  that  the  popularity  of  Blair's  sermons  has  long  since 
passed  away.  Whilst  praised  by  some,  irrespecti\  e  of  their 
great  merit  as  literary  compositions,  for  that  avoidance  of 
doctrinal  character  which  could  not  fail  to  displease  many 
readers,  it  is  urged  on  the  other  hand  that  theie  is  luirdly 
sufficient  of  the  spirit  of  Christianity  to  elevate  them  above 
the  rank  of  mere  moral  essays. 

"A  low  tone  of  divinity,  once  popular,"  is  the  only  no- 
tice which  Mr.  Bickersteth  deigns  to  take  of  productions 
once  so  eagerly  perused  and  clamorously  applauded. 

"They  excel  in  perspiuuity  of  arrangement  and  expression,  but 
are  too  stifT,  artificial,  and  elaborate  for  models  of  pulpit  eloquence, 
independent  of  the  strain  of  doctrine." — Dr.  E.  \\  illiams. 

"  We  cannot  deny  the  abseute  of  every  beauty,  as  well  as  of 
most  faults  in  Blair.  .  .  .  His  florid  and  artificial  elegance  obtained, 
without  fjuestion.  most  extensive  popularity;  but  it  is  very  doubt- 
ful whether  his  hearers  would  have  been  attracted  by  any  other 
writer;  whether  they  would  not  have  rejected  a  more  energetic 
and  impressive  style  as  irregular  and  enthusiastic." — L</n.  <^uur- 
lerhl  Hevirw. 

•-  The  merits  of  Blair  (by  far  the  most  popular  writer  of  sermons 
within  the  last  century)  are,  plain  good  sense,  a  happy  application 
of  scriptural  quotation,  and  a  clear,  harmonious  style,  richly 
tinged  with  scriptural  language." — Edinhurgh  Review. 

*•  Their  character  is  that  of  moral  discourses,  but  as  such  they 
never  could  have  attained  their  popularity  withnut  that  high 
polish  of  style  which  was  the  author's  peculiar  object.  Under 
this  are  concealed  all  the  defects  wbirli  attach  to  them  as  sermons, 
a  name  which  they  can  never  drs^ive  wlien  compared  with  the 
works  of  the  most  eminent  English  and  Scutch  di\  ines." 

The  elaborate  review  of  Blair's  Sermons  by  John  Fos- 
ter deserves  the  careful  perusal  of  every  one  who  can  np- 
preeiate  purity  of  style  and  elegance  of  diction.  The 
celebrated  discourses  are  castigated  without  mercy  ;  per- 
haps without  proper  allowance  for  that  diflerenee  in  philo- 
logical taste  and  construction  of  .'sentences  which  we  wit- 
ness in  the  literature  of  perhaps  every  succeeding  genera- 
tion.    Mr.  Foster  charges  that, 

"In  the  first  place,  with  respect  to  the  language,  though  the 
selection  of  words  is  proper  enough,  the  arr.angement  of  them  in 
Sentences  is  often  in  the  utmost  degree  stiff  and  artificial.  It  is 
haidly  possible  to  depart  further  from  any  resemblance  to  whixt  is 
called  a  living  or  spoken  style,  which  is  the  proper  diction  at  all 
events  for  popular  addresses,  if  not  for  all  the  departments  of 
prose  composition.  Instead  of  the  thought  throwing  itself  into 
words,  by  a  free,  instantjineous,  and  almost  uuconsfious  actiun. 
and  passing  olT  in  that  easy  form,  it  is  pretty  apparent  there  ^vas 
a  good  deal  of  handicraft  employed  in  getting  ready  proper  cases 
and  trusses,  of  various  but  carefully  measured  lengths  and  figures, 
to  put  the  thoughts  into,  as  they  came  out,  in  very  slow  succes- 
sion, each  of  them  cooled  and  stittened  to  numbness  in  waiting  so 
long  to  be  dressed.  .  .  .  In  the  second  place,  there  is  no  texture  in 
the  composition.  The  sentences  appear  often  like  a  series  of  little 
independent  propositions,  each  satisfied  with  its  own  distinct 
meaning,  and  capjible  of  being  placed  in  a  dilTerent  part  of  the 
train,  without  injviry  to  any  mutual  connection,  or  ultimate  pur- 
pose, of  the  tlmuL'hts.  The  ideas  relate  to  the  subject  generally, 
without  specifically  relating  to  one  another.'' 

Mr.  Foster  then  proceeds  with  no  gentle  hand  to  apply 
the  dissecting  knife  to  other  limbs  of  this  body  of  divinity, 
if  we  may  so  call  it.  Indeed  it  is  the  want  of  an  animus, 
such  as  the  preacher's  vocation  would  naturally  lead  us  to 
expect,  which  he  pathetically  deytlorcs.  Yet  whilst  some 
serious  defects  may  he  willingly  admitted,  the  sermons  of 
Blair  possess  merits  of  a  substantial  and  enduring  kind  ; 
and  though  now  ajtparently  dead  and  known  to  the  many 
**  only  by  reputation,"  yet  have  they  sufficient  vitality  to 
insure  a  resurrection  ;  and  our  children  will  agree  with 
their  grandfathers  in  applauding  and  imi)roviug  by  tho.'^e 
classical  disquisitions  which  they  will  marvel  their  parents 
should  ever  liave  neglected. 

Blair,  James,  d.  1743,  a  learned  divine  of  the  Scot- 
tish Episcopal  Church,  founder  and  first  President  of  Wil- 
liam and  Mary  College,  Virginia,  was  born  and  educated 
in  Scotland.  About  1685  Compton,  the  Bishop  of  London, 
sent  him  as  a  missionary  to  Virginia ;  in  lf)S9  he  appointed 
him  Ecclesiastical  Commissary,  and  his  confidence  in  Blair 
was  justified  by  the  piety,  energy,  and  unwearied  ministe- 
rial labours  of  the  latter.  In  1093  he  returned  to  London 
in  order  to  obtain  the  patronage  of  government  for  hig 
projected  college.  He  obtained  a  chaiter,  and  was  ap- 
pointed president,  which  ofTice  be  held  until  his  death. 
Ho  was  rector  of  a  church  in  AVilliamsburg,  Virginia, 
and  President  of  the  Council  in  that  colony.  He  pub. 
Our  Saviour's  Sermon  on  the  Mount,  Matt,  v.,  etc.,  ex- 
plained in  117  Sermons,  Lon.,  1722,  5  vols.  Svo  ;  new  edit, 
revised  and  corrected,  with  a  preface  by  Dr.  Waterland, 
Lon.,  1710,  4  vols.  Svo.  These  sermons  possess  great 
merit. 

*'  Explained  with  pood  judgment,  in  a  clear,  easy,  yet  masculine 
style.  A  valua>'le  treasure  of  sound  divinity,  of  practical  Chiis- 
tianitv." — Dr.  Watlrhnd. 

"  His  Commentary  on  Matt,  v.-viii.  is  tbo  best  extant.     lie  ap- 

201 


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pears  to  have  been  a  person  of  the  utmost  candour,  and  has  soM-  ' 
citously  avoided  all  unkind  and  contemptuous  rcHfctinns  on  his  : 
brethren.  He  has  an  excellent  way  of  bringing::  down  niticism  to  I 
common  capacities,  and  has  discovei-ed  a  vast  kiiowlrd^'f  of  Scrip- 
ture in  the  application  of  them." — D»ddridgi:'s  Wnrls,  vol.  v.  438.  , 
"The  best  exposition  of  this  discourse." — Bickerstetu.  I 

Blair,  John,  aUna  Arnold,  a  monk  of  the  order  of  | 
St.  Benedict,  was  educated  with  Sir  William  AVallace  at  ' 
the  school  of  Dundee,  and  became  chaplain  to  him  in  1294 
when  Wallace  was  made  governor  of  the  kinfjdom.     lie 
wrote  the    History   of   Wallace's  Life  in   i;:'.27,  in    Latin 
'verse.     A  fragment  of  the  MS.  of  this  poem  is  still  in  the 
Cottonian  Library.     This  was  pub.  in  17Uo,  Edin.,  8vo, 
by    Sir    Robert    Sibbald,— Relationes    qua^dam    Arnold!  ' 
Blair,  Ac.     See  tlie  Lil'e  and  Acts  of  Sir  William  Wallace 
turned  from  Latin  into  Scotch  Metre  by  one  culled  Blind 
Harry,  Edin.,  1709,  12mo.  Perth.  1790.  3  vols. ;  also  Metri- 
cal History  of  Sir  William  Wallace  and  Robert  Bruce,  sine  '■ 
anno,  black  letter,  4to  ;  The  Actis  and  Deidis  of  the  illusler 
and  vailzieand  Campioun,  Schir  William  Wallace,  Kniiht 
of  Ellerf^lie.  Edinburgh,  be  Robert  Lekpreuik,  at  the  Ex-  | 
pensis  of    Henrie   Charteris,   1670,   4to.     A   co]\v  of  this 
work  will  be  found  in  the  British  Museum.     The  edit,  of 
17oS  eoutains  Arnaldi  Blair  Relationes.       iSeo  Lowndes, 
art.  Wallace,  Sir  William. 

Blair,  John,  d.  1782,  Prebendary  of  Westminster,  a 
relative  of  Br.  Hugh  Blair,  was  a  native  of  Edinburgh.  ' 
He  removed  at  an  early  age  to  London,  where  he  received  ' 
some  valuable  preferments.     The  Chronology  and  History 
of  the  World  from  the  Creation  to  a.d.  176.J,  L(m.,  1754, 
fol.     This  work  was  partly  arranged  by  Dr.  Hugh  Blair;  I 
2d  edit.  1756.  fol. :  other  editions,  1768,  79,  "90,1803,  '15,  , 
'20;  and  in  1844,  imji.  8vo,  an  edition,  with  additions  and  ' 
corrections,  was  pub.  by  Sir  Henry  Ellis,  K.H.,  Principal 
Librarian  of  the  British  Museum.     Again  in  1851,  8vo. 

"The  student  of  history,  long  accustomed  to  the  doctor's  pon-  ' 
derous  aud  unmanageable  folio,  will  rejoice  over  this  handsome 
and  handy  volume.  It  is  the  revival  and  enlargement,  into  far 
more  compact  and  available  form  than  the  ori^'inal.  of  the  cele- 
brated Chronological  Tables  of  Dr.  Blair.  It  comprises  additions 
to  our  own  time-  and  corrections  from  the  most  recent  authorities. 
The  outline  of  the  plan  is  faithfully  preserved  and  wirried  out, 
with  every  improvemeut  of  which  it  was  susceptible."* — London 
Examiner. 

The  History  of  the  Rise  and  Progress  of  Geography, 
Lon.,  1784,  12mo.  Lectures  on  the  Canon  of  the  Old  Tes- 
tament, comprehending  a  Dissertation  on  the  Septuagint 
Version,  Lon.,  1785,  4to,  (pusth.) 

"  The  jrreater  part  is  devoted  to  the  LXX.  It  discovers  consi- 
derable leaniin^f  and  rt'scarch;  and  is  one  of  the  works  thatouf^ht 
to  he  consulted  in  the  examination  of  the  Septua^rint." — Oiime. 

Blair,  John,  d.  1771,  a  native  of  Ireland,  brother  to 
Samuel  Blair,  also  preached  at  Fog's  Manor,  Penn.,  aud 
other  places.     He  pub.  a  few  sermons,  Ac. 

Blair,  Patrick,  M.D.,  d.  about  1728,  a  Scotch  botan- 
ist, physician,  and  surgeon,  first  attracted  attention  abroad 
by  an  account  of  the  dissection  of  an  elephant  which  died 
in  Dundee  in  1706.  The  paper.  Anatomy  and  Osteology 
of  au  Elephant,  was  pub  in  Phil.  Trans..  Abr.  v..  p.  557, 
1710;  afterwards  in  (Lon.)  4to,  1713.  Blair  removed  to 
London,  and  pub.  there  in  1720,  8vo^  Botanical  Essays,  in 
two  parts, 

"  lu  which  he  strengthened  the  arguments  in  proof  of  the  sexes 
of  plants,  by  sound  reasoning  and  some  new  experiments." 

He  also  pub.  Pharmaco-Botanologia,  Lon.,  1723-2S,  4to, 
extending  only  to  the  letter  H;  his  death  preventing  its 
completion.  A  number  of  his  professional  treatises  will 
be  found  in  Phil.  Trans.,  1710-20.  His  Miscellaneous 
Observations  on  the  Practice  of  Physick,  Anatomy,  aud 
Surgery,  with  Remarks  on  Botany,  was  pub.,  Lou.,  1718, 
2  vols.  8vo. 

"  He  was  a  Nonjuror,  and  for  bis  attachment  to  the  exiled 
femily  of  Stuart,  was  imprisoned,  iu  the  rebellion  of  1715,  as  a 
SUsp('''ti'i.l  pri'soii," 

Blair,  Robert,  159.3-1666,  great-grandfather  of  Dr. 
Hugh  Blair.  Autobingrnphy,  from  1593-1636,  pub.  by 
Dr.  Mc-Crie.  Edin.,  ISIS.  Svo. 

Blair,  Robert,  1609-1747,  a  distant  relative  of  Dr. 
Hugh  Blair,  was  a  native  of  Edinburgh.  In  1731  he  was 
ordained  as  a  minister  of  the  parish  of  Athelst;inefi>rd  in 
East  Lothian,  where  he  remained  until  liis  death.  He 
pub.  in  1743,  Lon..  The  Grave,  a  Poem;  pub.  at  Edin.  in 
1747  ;  numerous  editions.  With  12  Plates  after  Blake  by 
Sachiavonetti,  large  4to,  pub.,  Lon.,  1808,  1.  p.  £5  5s. 
(See  Blake,  WrLLiAM  )  This  poem  met  with  but  little 
attention  at  first,  but  the  commendation  of  Hervey.  Pin- 
kerton,  and  others,  brought  it  into  general  notice.  Of  late 
years  it  seems  to  be  but  little  read,  Mr.  Campbell  praises 
it  highly : 

"  The  ei;;hteenth  century  has  produced  few  specimens  of  blank 
verse  of  so  familiar  and  simple  a  character  as  that  of  The  Urave. 


It  is  a  popular  poem,  not  merely  because  it  is  religii  us,  but  be- 
caUiit  its  languaj;e  and  imagery  are  free,  natural,  and  picturesque. 
.  .  .  Blair  may  be  a  homely  and  even  a  gloomy  poet  in  the  eye  of 
fastidious  criticism ;  but  there  is  a  masculine  and  pronounced  cha- 
racter even  in  his  gloom  and  homeliness  that  keeps  it  most  dis- 
tinctly apart  from  either  dullness  or  vulgarity.  His  style  pleases 
us  lilie  the  powerful  expression  of  a  countenance  without  regular 
beauty." — Ks^ay  nn  English  Poetry. 

Mr.  Campbell  is  quite  indignant  that  some  of  this  au- 
thor's most  nervous  and  expressive  phrases  should  be  cen- 
sured as  •'  vulgarisms;"  but  a  poet  who  endeavours  to  in- 
sinuate droll  satirical  sketches,  at  the  expense  of  physi- 
cians and  undertakers,  into  a  gallery  of  sublime  represen- 
tations of  the  sable  hearse,  the  funeral  cortbge,  and  the 
gloomy  aisles  of  the  city  of  the  dead,  cannot  hope  to  es- 
cape satire  himself.  Mr.  Campbell's  admiration  of  the 
simile  of  '"angels'  visits,  short  and  far  between,"  is  well 
known.  Whether  Norris  of  Bemerton  would  have  been 
pleased  witli  the  evident  approval  of  his  brother  poets  we 
do  not  venture  to  decide.  That  Bhiir  was  a  poet  of  a  high 
order,  we  hold  to  be  unquestionable.  The  sketches  com- 
mencing "See  yonder  hallowed  fane!"  and  •* Invidious 
Grave."  show  the  h:ind  of  the  master. 

Blair,  Robt.   Achromatic  Telescopes,  Nic.  Jour.,  1797. 

Blair,  Samuel,  d.  1751  ?  a  native  of  Ireland,  settled 
in  Pennsylvania,  and  about  1745  opened  an  academy  at 
Fog's  Manor,  Chester  County,  and  officiated  at  the  church 
at  this  place.  His  works,  con.sistiiigof  Sernuins,  Treatises, 
and  a  Narrative  of  a  Revival  of  Kcliginn  in  Pennsylvania, 
Tpere  pub.  in  1754  by  Wm.  Bradford,  Philadelphia. 

"iMr.  Llairwasoneof  the  most  learuedandable.aswtll  as  pious, 
excellent,  and  venerahle  men  of  his  day.  He  was  a  profound  di- 
vine, and  a  most  solemn  and  impressive  preacher.'' — Alltn's  Amer. 
Biorj.  Ihd. 

Blair,  Samuel,  1741-1818,  a  son  of  Samuel  Blair, 
(see  unic,)  of  Ireland,  was  born  at  Fog's  Manor,  Chester 
county,  Pennsylvania.  He  married  iu  1769  a  daughter  of 
Dr.  Shippen,  the  elder,  of  Philadelphia.  He  pub.  in  1761 
an  Oration  on  the  Death  of  George  11. 

Blair,  William,  1765-1822,  an  eminent  surgeon,  was 
a  native  of  Essex.  He  was  not  so  much  engrossed  by  pro- 
fessional pursuits  as  to  prevent  his  taking  a  lively  interest 
in  the  distribution  of  the  Holy  Scriptures,  and  in  other 
benevolent  enterprises.  He  pub,  a  number  of  professional 
and  other  works.  Among  them  nre  The  Soldier's  Friend, 
or  the  Means  of  Preserving  the  Health  of  Military  Men, 
Lon.,  1798,  Svo.  Of  Anthropology,  or  the  Natural  History 
of  Men,  Lon.,  1803,  Svo.  The  Vaccine  Contest,  or  mild 
Humanity,  Reason,  Religion,  and  Truth,  against  fierce, 
unfeeling  Ferocity,  overbearing  Insolence,  mortified  Pride, 
false  Faith,  and  Desperation ;  being  an  exact  outline  of  the 
arguments  and  interesting  facts  adduced  by  the  principal 
Combatants  on  both  sides  respecting  Cow-pox  Inoculation, 
Lon.,  1806,  Svo.  This  belligerent  proclamation  proves 
that  our  excellent  doctor  could  buckle  on  his  armour  and 
be  "'a  man  of  war"  in  defence  of  the  right.  He  also  pub. 
some  pieces  on  Penitentiaries,  &c.,  and  contributed  several 
papers  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1794,  Med.  Facts,  1795,  aud  Me- 
moirs Med.,  1799. 

Blair,  William.  Inquiry  into  the  State  of  Slavery 
amongst  the  Romans,  Edin.,  1833,  12mo. 

'■  The  subject  of  Koman  Slavery  has  lately  been  investigated  with 
great  diligence,  in  a  very  modest  but  valuable  volume,  by  William 
Blair.  Esq." — Milman's  Gihhon. 

Blaise,  Lord.  Discourse  of  Fire  and  Salt,  discover- 
ing many  Mysteries,  Philosophical  and  Theological,  Lon., 
1649,  4to. 

Blake.     Privilege  of  H.  of  Commons,  1818.  8vo. 

Blake,  And. ,M.D.  Aphorisms  on  Accouchement,  1813. 

Blake,  Charles.  Lusus  Amatorius,  Lun.,  J  694,  foL 
Hibernia  Plorans,  1089.  Mense  Julii,  Lon.,  1694,  foL 
Part  of  the  Fifth  Book  of  Milton's  Paradise  Lost,  in  Latin 
verse.  Lon.,  1()94. 

Blake,  Edward,  Religion  and  its  Temporal  Promises 
connected  ;  sermon  on  Matt.  vi.  33,  1756,  Svo. 

Blake,  Francis,  Mathemat.  con.  to  Phil.  Trans., 
1751.  Svo. 

Blake, Sir  Francis.  Political  treatises.Lon.,  1785-90. 

Blake,  George,  New  method  of  Brewiug,  Lon., 
1791.  8vo. 

Blake,  H.  J.  C.  Ten  Parochial  Sermons,  adapted  to 
a  country  congregation;  2d  edit.,  Chiches.,  1847,  12mo. 

Blake,  J.     Universal  Piece  Writer.  ISll,  8vo. 

Blake,  James.  See  Catholick  Sermons,  (1741,  2  vols. 
Svo.)  ti-ii,j>.  James  II..  vol.  ii.  393. 

Blake,  James,  d.  1771,  aged  21,  a  native  of  Dorches- 
ter, Massachusetts,  graduated  at  Harvard  College  in  1759. 
A  vol.  of  his  sermons  was  pub.  after  his  death. 

"His  sermons  indicate  a  warmth  of  pious  feeling  honourable  to 
bis  character." 


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Blake,  Capt.  John.      Marine  System  of  G.  Brit., 

1758,  8vo. 

Klake,  John.    Letter  on  Inoculation.  Lon.,  1771,  8vo. 

Blake,  John  L.,  D.D.,I78S-lS57,b.at  Northwood,  N. 
H.,  p:i:id.  Brown  University,  1812,  in  the  class  with  Chief 
Justice  Richard  W.  Greene,  LL.D.,  Prof.  Wm.  G.  Goddard, 
LL.D.,  and  Rev.  Cyrus  Kingsbury,  D.D.  He  was  Princi- 
pal of  a  Young  Ladies'  School  about  12  years,  during  which 
time  he  published  a  Text  Book  of  Geography,  Chronology, 
and  History;  Text  Book  of  Modern  Geography;  Compen- 
dium of  Universal  Geography;  First  Reader;  Second 
Reader;  Historical  Reader;  High  School  Reader;  Lec- 
tures on  Rhetoric;  First  Book  in  Natural  Philosophy; 
First  Book  in  Astronomy ;  Mrs.  Marcet's  Conversations, 
4  vols.  Some  of  these  works  have  been  in  use  more  than 
forty  years,  and  to  them  we  are  indebted  for  a  new  feature 
in  School-Book  Literature ;  namely,  an  analysis  of  the  text 
in  printed  Questions  at  the  bottom  of  each  page,  which 
plan  has  since  been  frequently  adopted.  He  has  been 
Rector  of  an  Episcopal  Church  for  fifteen  years;  the  first 
at  N.  Providence,  R.  L,  the  next  at  Concord,  N.  H.,  and 
for  Dearly  eight  years  at  Boston.  He  has  written  nume- 
rous Theological  orations  and  addresses,  besides  many  ser- 
mons. During  the  twenty-five  years  prior  to  1855.  he  has 
devoted  his  attention  to  general  literature;  the  results  of 
■which  are,  his  Family  Encyclopedia,  roy.  8vo,  pp.  9G0j 
General  Biographical  Dictionary,  roy.  8vo,  pp.  1100. 

"We  cordially  i-ccommend  this  volume  to  all  wlio  desire  a  con- 
venientand  comprehensive  summary  of  Biographical  History,  and 
hesitate  not  to  say  it  is  worthy  of  a  place  in  every  library."— t'/nv^ 
nicli:  nf  the  Church. 

So  great  has  been  the  demand  for  this  work  that  the  8th 
edit,  was  pub.  in  1853,  and  the  9th  just  before  the  author's 
death.  Of  several  small  voluraes  for  school-libraries  are 
the  following:  Book  of  Nature  Laid  Open;  Parental  In- 
structions; Wonders  of  the  Earth  ;  Wonders  of  the  Ocean  ; 
Wonders  of  Art,<S;c. ;  Farmer's  Every  Day  Book,  8vo,  654  pp. 

"  This  work  should  not  only  be  in  the  library  of  every  flirmer.  but 
it  should  hold  a  prominent  place  in  the  lihrai-y  of  every  family  in 
the  country ;  for  it  presents  ably  and  truly  the  importance  of  .-tgii- 
culture,  and  the  advantages  aud  pleasure  of  rural  pursuits." — N. 
E.  Farmer. 

Blake,  Malachi,  d.  1760.  Account  of  the  fire  at 
Blandford-Forum,  1731:  and  a  sermon,  2d  edit.,  Lon., 
1735.  12mo. 

Blake, Mark.  Letter  to  Clergv  Ch.  Scotland,  1794,  8vo. 

Blake,  Martin.     Sermon.  lOfil,  4to. 

Blake,  Robert.  Triumph  of  Scipio;  an  Hist.  Poem 
on  the  late  Rebellion,  1755,  4to. 

Blake,  Robert,  M.D.  Structure  of  the  Teeth,  Dubl., 
1801.  8vo. 

BLike,  Stephen.  The  Compleat  Gardener's  Practice, 
directing  the  exact  way  of  Gardening,  in  three  parts,  the 
Garden  of  Pleasure,  Physical  Garden,  Kitchen  Garden, 
Lon..  lfiG4,  8vo  or  4to. 

Blake,  Thomas,  1597-1657,  a  Puritan  divine,  was  a 
native  of  Statfordshire.  He  was  entered  at  Christ  Church, 
Oxford,  in  1G16.  A  Treatise  of  the  Covenant  of  God  with 
Mankind,  Lon.,  1653,  4to.  The  Covenant  Sealed,  1655, 
4to.  Living  Truths  in  Dying  Times,  1665,  12mo.  Con- 
troversial treatises  on  Infant  Baptism.     At  his  funeral 

"Many  of  the  ministers  and  others  of  the  neighbourhood  being 
present,  Mr.  Anth.  Burgess,  of  Sutton  Colfield.  stept  up  into  the 
pulpit  and  preached  his  funeral  sei-mon,  wherein,  in  the  conclu- 
Eion,  he  said  many  thin;j;s  of  the  defunct  relating  to  his  learning 
and  godliness.'- — Athen.  Oxnn. 

Blake,  Win.,  1757-1828,  b.  in  London,  an  engraver 
and  author,  attracted  great  attention  by  his  eccentricity 
and  artistic  talents.  The  Gates  of  Paradise,  Illustrated 
by  16  Engravings,  for  Children,  1793,  12mo.  Songs  of 
Experience,  with  Plates.  America;  a  Prophecy,  1793,  fol. 
Europe;  a  Prophecy,  1794,  fol.  A  Descriptive  Catalogue 
of  Pictures,  Poetical  and  Historical  Inventions,  painted  by 
himself  in  Water-Colours,  Lon.,  1809,  12mo.  His  Illus- 
trated Edition  of  Young's  Night  Thoughts,  1779,  imp.  4to, 
and  Illustrations  to  Blair's  Grave,  1808,  imp.  4to,  have 
been  greatly  admired.  Poet.  Sketches,  178.3,  8vo.  Songs 
of  Innocence  aud  of  Experience,  1789-94,  2  vols.  Svo:  sold, 
1855,  £12  5s.;  same,  1  vol.  imp.  4to,  coloured  by  the  artist, 
£10  10*.  Book  of  Thiel,  1789, 4to.  Vision  of  the  Daughters 
of  Albion,  1793,  s.  f.  Book  of  Ahania,  1795.  Marriage 
of  Heaven  and  Hell,  ISOO.  Jerusalem:  the  Emanation 
of  the  Giant  Albion,  fol.  Illustrations  to  the  Book  of  Jo-b, 
fol.  Illustrations  to  Comus.  Milton  ;  a  Poem,  1804,  4to, 
£10  10«.,  Bohn's  Cat.     Illustrations  to  Dante,  fol. 

"  Blake  is  a  real  name.  T  assure  you,  and  a  most  extraordinary 
man  he  is,  if  he  still  be  living.  He  is  the  Blake  whose  wild  designs 
accompany  a  splendid  edition  of  Blair's  Grave.  He  paints  in  wa- 
ter-colours marvellous  strango  pictures — visions  of  his  brain — 
which  he  asserts  he  has  seen.     They  have  great  merit.    I  must 


look  upon  him  as  one  of  the  most  extraordinary  persons  of  the 
age." — CoARLKs  Lamb. 

*'  Full  of  feeling  and  delicacy,  and  looked  on  with  wonder  and 
respect  by  the  world." — Pill.ingtmi''s  Diet,  of  PainUTs. 

"The  most  Mri_iiial.  and  in  truth  the  only  new  and  original, 
version  of  tlie  >r\  i[>ture  idea  of  Angds  which  I  have  met  with,  is 
that  of  ^Villi;im  i;l;ike,  a  poi't-pninter.  somewhat  mad,  as  we  are 
told,  if  indeed  hi-;  madness  were  not  i-atlu-r  '  the  telesmjie  of  truth,' 
a  sort  of  poetiial  rlun-vi/nifr.  lirin:^in^^  the  un.'aillily  nearer  to 
him  than  to  otliei-s."— ,V/'S.  Jameson's  ,S  icrt.'d  and  Lrytxdi'ri/  Art. 

Blake,  William.  Course  of  Exchange,  and  the  De- 
preciated State  of  the  Currency,  Lon.,  1810,  Svo. 

Blake,  Williaiu,  Private  Judgment,  a  Sermon, 
1818,  12mo. 

Blakeuey,L.  Theolog..&c.works,1814-15.8voand4to. 

Blakcney,  R.  P.  Awful  Disclosure  of  the  luiquitoua 
princii)les  taught  by  the  Church  of  Rome,  being  extracts 
trans,  from  the  Moral  Theology  of  Alphonso  Liguori,  who 
was  canoni/ed  in  the  year  1839,  Ltui.,  1846,  12mo. 

Blakeway,  John  Brickdale,  1765-1826,  a  divine 
and  antiquary,  was  educated  at  Westminster  School  and 
Oriel  College,  Oxford.  He  pub.  A  Warning  against  Schism, 
a  Sermon,  1799,  4to.  Thanksgiving  Sermon,  1805,  Svo. 
An  Attempt  to  ascertain  the  Author  of  Junius's  Letters, 
1813,  8vo.  He  compiled  a  History  of  Shrewsbury,  the  last 
number  of  which  was  completed  about  the  time  of  his  de- 
cease. He  left  other  historical  collections,  not  prepared  for 
the  press.    Notices  of  the  Sheriffs  of  Shropshire,  fol, 

BlakcAVay,  Robert.  Sermon  on  obedience  to  King 
George,  1716,  Svo.  An  Essay  towards  the  Cure  of  Beli- 
gions  INIelanchnly,  Lon.,  1717,  8vo. 

Blakcy.     On  Making  Steam  Engines,  Lon.,  1793.  8vo. 

Blakey,  Robert.  History  of  the  Philosophy  of  Mind; 
embracing  the  opinions  of  all  Writers  on  Mental  Science 
from  the  Earliest  Period  to  the  Present  Time,  4  vols.  Svo, 
Lon.,  1S4S;  again,  1850. 

*■  We  regard  these  volumes  as  embodying  little  short  of  the  sub- 
stance of  a  library  in  themselves.''— C/iwrc/i  nf  Enghmd  Quartirrly. 

"  We  entirely  congratulate  the  author,  and  still  more  the  public, 
on  the  appearance  of  this  great  work."' — Brittmnia. 

"  For  the  thorough  student  of  the  history  of  philosophy,  this  is 
the  best  guide.' — Lon.  Athen. 

Essay  on  Logic,  12mo.  On  Moral  Good  and  Evil,  Svo. 
Hist,  of  Moral  Science,  2  vols.  Svo.  Lives  of  the  Primitive 
Fathers,  Svo.  Temporal  Benefits  of  Christianity,  Svo.  Hist, 
of  Political  Literature,  2  vols.  Svo. 

Blakey,  William,  ofthe  College  of  Surgeons  at  Paris. 
Observations  concerning  Ruptures,  Lon.,  1764,  Svo. 

Blackiston,  Capt.  J.  Twelve  years'  [1802-14] 
Military  Adventures  in  three  Quarters  of  the  Globe,  in  which 
are  contained  the  Campaigns  of  the  Duke  of  AVelliugton 
in  India,  and  his  last  in  Spain  and  the  South  of  France, 
Lon.,  2  vols.  Svo,  1840. 

"A  valuable  body  of  information  upon  the  course  of  the  British 
armv  in  India,  in  Spain,  and  the  South  of  France."— X'<??.  Atliis. 

"We  like  Twelve  Years'  Military  Adventures  very  much."— 
BJac'  wnnd'$  Mifjmiv. 

Twenty  Years  in  Retirement,  2  vols.  Svo,  18.^6.  Full 
of  amusing  anecdotes  of  personal  adventure,  and  remarks 
on  men  and  manners. 

Blakiston,  Perry,  BLD.,  late  Physician  to  the  Bir- 
mingham Hospital.  On  Diseases  of  the  Chest,  and  on  the 
Principles  of  Auscultation,  Lon.,  1847,  Svo. 

"Dr.  Blakiston's  production  not  only  gives  him  a  place  in  the 
rather  thin  ranks  of  sound  and  accomplished  physicians,  possessed 
of  a  true  notion  of  the  importance  of  their  science,  and  of  the 
means  by  which  it  should  be  cultivated,  but  adds  to  English  Me- 
dical Literature  one  nf  the  few  really  inductive  works  by  which  it 
is  adnrned." — M,d {'■•>-(' hi ntrffiod  lieviexo. 

Blakwell,  Alexander.     See  Blackwell. 

Blamford,  Samuel.     Discourses,  1660,  Svo. 

Blamire,  Susannah,  1747-1794,  a  native  of  Cum- 
berland. England,  resided  for  some  years  in  Scotland,  where 
she  became  acquainted  with  the  dialect  of  the  country,  and 
devoted  her  attention  so  successfully  to  the  national  poe- 
try as  to  write  Scottish  lyrics  of  great  elegance  and  beauty. 
Her  best-known  pieces  are.  The  Nabob,  The  Siller  Crown, 
The  Waefu'  Heart,  Auld  Robin  Forbes,  and  a  descriptive 
poem  entitled  Stocklewath,  or  the  Cumbrian  Village.  Pa- 
trick Maxwell  pub.  her  works,  with  a  memoir,  preface,  and 
notes  in  1842,  in  one  volume. 

Blanchard,  Laman,  180.3-1S45.  The  Lyric  Offering, 
1823.  Tale.s  and  Esyays,  entitled  Sketches  from  the  Life, 
with  a  Memoir  of  the  Author  by  Sir  Edward  Bulwer  Lytton, 
Lon.,  1849,  3  vols.  p.  Svo. 

"As  Addison  aud  Steele  reflected  their  own  generations,  so  has 
Laman  Blanchard  in  bis  sketches  miri'ored  forth  the  variable  aud 
motley  peculiarities  of  the  present  day:  they  have  but  to  be  read 
to  be  aduiiied.  Let  all  lovers  of  oui-  British  essayists — all  worship- 
pers of  our  Goldsmiths,  our  Lambs,  and  our  Hawkesworths — :idd 
these  three  volumes  to  their  previous  collection.  Sir  Edward  Bulwer 
Lytton's  memoir  will  be  read  with  much  interest." — Lnn.  Sun. 

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BlancUard,   W.  J,    Works   on   Short  Hand,  Lon., 

177'J-S7. 

Blanekley,  T.  R.  A  Xaval  Expositor,  explaining 
the  Tuniis  ol'  llie  Art.  Lon.,  1650,  4to. 

Bland,  Edwarde.  Discovery  of  N.  BritUaine,  Lon., 
1651,  Ito. 

Bland,  Elizabeth,  of  London,  horn  ahout  1660,  w.is 
celoliraled  for  her  knowledge  of  the  Hebrew  langu.ige, 
which  was  taught  her  hy  Lord  Van  Ilelmont.  There  is 
preserved  in  the  Royal  .Society  a  phylactery  in  Hebrew, 
written  by  her  at  the  request  of  Ra'iph  Thoreshy.  Dr. 
Grew  gives  a  description  of  this  in  his  Account  of  Rarities 
preserved  at  Gresham  College,  Lon.,  1081,  fol.  See  Thores- 
by's  Diary  and  Correspondence  for  several  letters  from 
Miss  Bland  (she  was  never  married)  to  Ralph  Thoreshy. 
The  honest  antiquary  thus  details  his  surprise  at  the  young 
lady's  erudition : 

"June  28,  1709.  Walked  to  Beeston-Hall  to  visit  Mr.  Bland: 
was  surprised  to  hear  his  daughter  read  Hebrew  distinctlv  into 
Eng]i.sb,  which  she  le.arnt  of  her  mother,  who  is  an  ini^enirms  tren- 
tlewonian.  Phe  presented  me  with  an  autograph  of  the  noted 
Geor;;e  Fox.  tlie  founder  of  Qu.akerism." 

Bland,  Humphrey.     Mil.  Discipline,  Lon.  1727,  Svo. 
Bland,  J.     Thei.log.  Treatises.  176.S-94. 
Bland,  J.     The  Nabob  of  Oude,  1S07,  Svo. 
Bland,  John.     Thenlog.  Treatises,  Ac.  17+6-50,  Ac. 
Bland,  SI.,  D.D.   Annotations  on  the  Historical  Books 
of  the  New  Testament,  1828-29,  vols.  i.  and  ii. 

"  These  annotations  on  St.  Matthew  and  St.  Mark,  drawn  partly 
from  the  fathers  and  early  ecclesiastical  writers,  but  principally 
from  earlv  Entrlish  divines,  are  desi'^ncd  for  the  use  of  students 
at  the  universities,  and  candidates  for  holy  orders." 

Dr.  Bland  has  pub.  a  number  of  mathematical  and  other 
works. 
Bland,  Peter.  Political  treatises.  Lon.  and  Hull,  1642. 
Bland,  Philip.     Plain  Parish  Sers.,  Lon.,  1850, 12mo. 
Bland,  Uicliard,  d.  1778,  a  political  writer  of  Vir- 
ginia, pub.  in    1706   An   Inquiry  into   the  Rights  of  the 
British  Colonies,  in  answer  to  a  British  publication — Re- 
gulations concerning  the  Colonics,  Ac.     Arthur  Lee  and 
Jefferson  .also  took  part  ia  the  controversies  of  this  period. 
In  1758  ho  wrote  on  the  controversy  between  the  clergy 
and  the  Assembly  concerning  the  Tobacco  tjix. 

"Ilis  perfect  mastery  of  every  fact  connected  with  the  settle- 
ment and  pro[;ress  of  the  colony  had  Riven  him  the  name  of  the 
Tirginiau  antiquary.  lie  was  a  politician  of  the  first  cl.ass.  a  pro- 
found logician,  .and  was  also  considered  as  the  first  writer  in  the 
colony."     See  .lefferson's  Notes;  Wiifs  Life  of  Henry. 

Bland,  Robert,  M.D.  Observations  on  Parturition, 
Lon..  17!)  1.  Svo.  Proverbs,  2  vols.  Svo,  1814.  Profess. 
Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  17S1. 

Bland,  Robert,  1779-1825,  son  of  the  above,  was 
for  some  time  minister  of  the  Engli.sh  Church  at  Amster- 
dam, afterwards  settled  at  Kenilworth.  Two  Poems,  Lon.. 
1808,  Svo.  The  Four  Slaves  of  Cythern,  1S09,  Svo.  Mi- 
nor Poets  of  Greece,  181.'!,  Svo.  Collections  from  the 
Greek  Mythology,  ISl.S,  Svo,  assisted  by  J.  H.  Merivale, 
Ac:  hence  Byron  calls  them  the  " Associate  Bards,"  in 
his  English  Bards,  Ac 

"Rarely  has  the  world  obtained  a  richer  treasure  of  poetic  gems 
than  is  contained  iu  tiiis  collection." — Lmi,  Allien. 

In  conjunction  with  Miss  Plumtree,  Mr.  Eland  trans,  the 
Memoirs  ot  l)c  Grimm  and  Diderot,  2  vols.  Svo,  ISIS. 

Bland,  Col.  Theodoric,  1742-1790.  Bland  Papers. 
Sec  ('.miBKi.i,.  Cinni.ES,  p.  ;i?,l. 

Bland,  Theodoric.     Report  of  Cases  decided  in  the 
nitrh  Court  of  Chancery,  Maryland.  Bait.,  18.16-41. 
Bland,  Thomas.     On  Epil.psy,  Med.  Comm.,  1780 
Bland,  Tobie.     Baitc  for  Monuis,  Lon.,  1589.  4to. 
Bland,  \Vm.,  Jr.      The   Principles  of  Agriculture, 
Lon..  1827,  Svo. 

"The  volume  treats  the  processes  of  cultivation  in  a  vei7  con- 
cise and  enli.'htened  manner.  The  author  holds  to  practice,  and 
observes  the  results."— BonoWsoii'.!  Agriadl.  Knri. 

Blandie,  William,  educated  at  O.xford,  trans,  the 
Five  Books  of  Hieronimus  Osorius.  Lon.,  1576,  4to. 

"This  is  a  rare  book,  T  think  Mr  lllandie.  the  translator,  was 
a  noni.in  Calholick."— J/&  note  Inj  Ilearne,  in  his  ami/  of  the  above 
Wf'i' .  '    ■ 

Blandy,  Adam.  Fellow  of  Pembroke  College,  Ox- 
ford.    Chniio.lngi,.a|  t.ables  of  the  World,  Svo. 

Blandy,  William.  The  Castle  or  Picture  of  Policy, 
Lon.,  1581,  4to. 

"Shewing  forth,  most  lively,  the  Face.  Body,  and  Parts  of  a 
Commonwealth:  the  Duty.  Quality,  Profession  of  a  Perfect  and 
Absolute  fio\4\'^r:'—-Titli-p/itfr. 

Blane,  Sir  Gilbert,  Bart.,  M.D.,  1749-1S.34,  an  emi- 
nent physician,  was  a  native  of  Banefield,  county  of  Ayr, 
Seolhind.  He  served  for  some  time  in  the  Royal  Navy' 
and  was  afterwards  elected  physician  to  St.  Thomas's  Hospi! 
tal,  and  app„inted  Physician  Extraordinary  to  George  IV 


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and  .subsequently  Physician  in  Ordinary  to  William  IV. 
He  was  created  a  baronet  in  1812.  The  prize  medal 
awarded  to  the  best  journal  kept  by  the  surgeon  of  the 
Navy  was  a  proposition  of  Sir  Gilbert's.  He  pub.  many 
profe.ssional  works,  1775-18.32.  We  notice  some  of  the 
principal:  Observations  on  the  Diseases  incident  to  Sea- 
men, Lon.,  17S5,  Svo.  A  Lccturo  on  Muscular  Motion, 
Lon.,  1790,  4to.  This  work  is  highly  commended  by  phy- 
siologists. A  Serious  Address  to  the  Public  on  the  Prac- 
tice of  Vaccination,  Lon.,  ISll,  Svo.  Elements  of  Medi- 
cal  Logic,  including  n  statement  respecting  the  contagious 
nature  of  the  Yellow  Fever,  Lon.,  1818,  Svo.  Select  Dis- 
sertations on  several  Subjects  of  Medical  Science,  Lon., 
1822,  Svo.  A  Brief  Statement  of  the  Progressive  Im- 
provement of  the  Health  of  the  Royal  Nilvy  at  the  end 
of  the  ISth  and  beginning  of  the  19th  century,  Lon.,  1830, 
Svo.  AVarning  and  Admonition  to  the  British  Public  on 
the  Introduction  of  the  Cholera  of  India,  Lon.,  1832,  Svo. 

Sir  Gilbert  had  six  sons  and  three  daughters.  His  suc- 
cessor in  the  title.  Sir  Hugh  Seymour  Blane,  served  with 
distinction  at  Waterloo  as  an  oflicer  of  the  Third  Guards. 

Blane,  William.  Essays  on  Hunting,  Lon.,  1781, 
Svo.  Hunting  Excursion  of  Asaph  ul  Dowlah,  Lou.,  17S8, 
Svo.     Pr.iduction  of  Borax,  Phil.  Trans.,  1787. 

Blanshard,  Henry.  Appealforlndia,  Lon., 1836,  Svo. 

Blanshard,  William.  Statutes  of  Limitation,  Lon., 
1820,  Svo. 

Blaquiere,  Edward,  Royal  Navy.  Letters  from  the 
Mediterranean,  2  vols.  Svo,  Lon.,  1S13. 

"Mr.  Blaquiere  h.as  produced  an  interesting  and  considerably 
important  work,  which  is  not  merely  creditable  to  his  talents,  but 
bis  integrity,  and  from  which  his  Alajesty's  Government  may  ac- 
quire a  great  deal  of  useful  information. ""^A'c/ccd'c  Review. 

_"  Mr.  Blaquiere  has  i^iveu  a  more  minute,  full,  and  entertaining 
picture  of  these  countries  than  any  of  his  competitors." — Edinburgh 
Jieview. 

An  Historical  Review  of  the  Sp.anish  Revolution,  Svo. 
"It  is  impossible  to  peruse  this  volume  without  feelings   of 
the  most  affecting  and  irresistible  nature."— iwtiion  Mmitldti  Maa., 
&pl.^  ISLiJ.  ^  * 

The  Greek  Revolution  :  its  Origin  and  Progress,  Svo. 

"To  Mr  B.,  Greece  is  much  indebted  for  his  exei-tions  in  her 
beh.ilf,  and  the  British  public  will  thank  him  for  the  vei^  clea,r 
and  iniparti.ai  account  he  has  given  of  one  of  the  most  interesting 
revolutions  that  has  occurred  in  the  history  of  the  World."— i«j!- 
dtm  Liti'rarij  Clironidr. 

Narrative  of  a  Residence  in  Algiers,  by  M.  Pananti, 
with  notes  by  E.  Bhaquiere,  4to. 

"This  volume  will  be  found  to  be  an  object  of  particular  curio- 
sity from  the  minute  and  lively  manner  in  which  it  lays  open 
the  interior  of  the  Court  of  the  Pey  of  .\lgiers." 

Description  of  Venezuela,  Trinidad,  Margarita,  and  To- 
bago, from  the  French  of  M.  De  Lavaysse,  Svo. 

"Of  this  useful  and  instructive  volume  it  is  impossible  to  speak 
too  hiirhly.     The  ori:-'inal  Author,  M.  Lavaysse.  is  a  philauthro- 
pist  and  a  philosopher,  and  the  TraiLslatorbas  not  only  done  him 
.justice,  but  h;is  enriched  the  work  with  many  valuable  notes  and 
illustnitinns."— LomAoi  M,iillili/  Mrg..  Jan..  1820. 
Mr.  Blaquiere  pub.  a  few  other  works. 
Blaquiere,  Hon.  William.      Trans,  of  Schiller's 
History  of  the  Thirty  Years'  War,  Lon.,  1799,  2  vols.  Svo. 
"  It  neither  conveys  an  adequate  idea  of  the  original  work,  nor 
presents  even  correct  English  composition."— ion.  MuiilMy  Betiii-w. 
Blan,  Robert.    Grammatical  works,  Edin.,  1701,  Svo. 
Blaxlaud,  George.    Codex  Legum  Anglicarum  ;   or 
a  digest  of  principles  of  English   Law;  arranged  in   the 
order  rif  the  Code  Napoleon,  with  a  HistorieaL Introduc- 
tion, Lon.,  1839,  Svo. 

"  The  author's  object  in  this  work  has  been  to  collect  as  many 
rules  of  En^rlish  law  as  there  are  articles  of  the  French  Code,  bcar^ 
ioR  on  similar  points  and  arranged  in  the  same  order." 

Blaxton,  John.  English  Usurer,  or  Usury  Con- 
demned by  the  most  learned  and  famous  Divines  of  the 
Church  of  England,  Lon.,  1634,  4to.  Verses  by  Georgo 
Wither  at  the  end.  On  this  subject,  see  Bentliam's  De- 
fence of  Usury. 

Blaymires,  J.  Christian  Spelling  Book,  1790,  Svo. 
Blayney,  3Iajor  General,  Lord.  Narrative  of  a 
forced  Jimniey  through  Fiance  and  Spain,  as  a  Prisoner 
of  War.  in  the  years  1810-14,  2  vols.  Svo,  1814.  Voh  3, 
sequel,  1816.  See  a  critique  on  this  work.  Quarterly  Re- 
view, vols.  xiv..  ,\v. 

Blayney,  Allan.  restorumMetropolis,Lon.,lC54,8vo. 
Blayney,  Benjamin,  D.D.,  d.  ISOl.  of  Worcester 
Ccdlego.  Oxford,  aftei  wards  of  Hertford  College;  M.  A., 
1753;  B.  D.,  1768;  D.  D.,  17S7;  and  in  the  same  year 
Regius  Professor  of  Hebrew,  Oxford.  He  was  very  emi- 
nent as  a  Biblical  critic.  A  Dissertation  on  Daniel's  70 
Weeks,  Oxf,  1775,  4to.  This  controverts  some  points  of 
Michaelis's  opinions.  See  Lon.  Monthly  Review,  0.  S., 
vol.  Hi.     Jeremiah  and  Lamentations :  a  new  translation. 


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with  Notes,  philolnf;ioal  ami  explanatory,  Oxf.,  1784,  4to ; 
2d  edit,  with  additions,  171)7,  4to.     Edin.,  1810,  Svo. 

"This  work  is  <_-xei-uti.-d  on  the  same  plan  as  Bishop  Lowth's 
version  of  Isiuah;  and  though  not  with  oqual  success,  yet  with 
much  credit  to  the  author,  both  as  a  translator  and  a  critic.  .  .  . 
The  notes  are  very  copious.  Many  of  them  are  very  useful,  and 
some  discover  much  critical  knowledge  in  the  Hebrew  languatre, 
and  a  tjood  acquaintance  with  ancient  history." — Lon.  Monthly 
Review. 

Zechariah  :  a  New  Translation, with  Notes,Lon.,1797,4to. 

"  We  think  it  our  duty  to  say  that  Dr.  lil.'iyiie}'  has  produced  a 
valuable  iUustiation  of  Zechariah,  and  afforded  grtat  assistance  to 
the  biblical  student." — British  Critic,  O.  S.,  vol.  xiii.  See  Jlonthly 
Review,  N.  S.,  vol.  xxviii. 

Pentateuchus  Hebraeo-Samaritanus,  »fec.,0.\on.  1790, Svo. 

''The  text  of  the  Ilebra'O-Samaritan  IVntateuch,  which  was 
printed  in  Bishop  Walton's  Polyglot,  has  been  adopted  as  the  basis 
of  tins  edition,  to  which  have  been  added  various  readings  from 
Dr.  Kennicott's  edition  of  the  Hebrew  Bible." — Horne's  Introduc- 
tion. 

Dr.  Blayncy  bestowed  much  labour  in  revising  the  edi- 
tion of  the  Authorized  Version  of  the  Bible,  printed  at  the 
Clarendon  Press,  1769,  4to,  and  ful.  He  also  added  mnny 
marginal  references  to  this  edition.  See  Home's  Intro- 
duction. 

"  Blayney  was  not  deficient  in  learning,  luit  he  bad  not  that  ex- 
quisite taste,  and  acute  discernment  of  poetical  beauty,  for  which 
Lowth  was  distinguished." — Okme. 

Blayney,  Frederick.     Life  Annuities,  1818. 

Bleamire,  William,  Remarks  on  the  Poor  Laws 
and  the  Maintenance  of  the  Poor.  Lon.,  ISOO,  Svo. 

Blechyudeu,  Hichard.  Theolog.  treatise,  Lon., 
16S5,  fol. 

Bleecker,  Anne  Eliza,  17;»2-17So.  a  daughter  of 
Brandt  Schuyler  of  New  York,  was  married  in  1769  to 
John  J.  Bleecker  of  New  Roehelle.  After  her  death  some 
of  ber  writings  were  collected  and  published  in  1793,  and 
again  in  1S09,  with  a  notice  of  her  life  by  her  daughter, 
Mrs.  Margarette  V.  Faugeres.  Some  of  Mrs.  F.'s  Essays 
■will  be  found  in  the  volume. 

"■'  The  memoirs  of  Mrs.  Bleecker  and  her  Poems,  were  published 
many  years  ago,  but  I  have  sought  in  vain  among  the  libraries 
and  the  Bleeckers,  to  obUiin  a  copy." — W.  L.  Stone:  Life  of  Brant, 
vol.  i.  p.  207. 

''There  are  no  wonderful  traces  of  genius  in  Sirs.  Bleecker's 
poems;  but  they  show  a  refined  taste,  and  talents  which  might 
have  been  cuUivated  to  higher  efforts,  if  the  circumstances  sur- 
rounding the  author  had  been  propitiou.'!.  There  is  a  pure  current 
of  conjugal  and  innti'inal  feeling  to  be  traced  in  all  her  effusions." 
— Mrs.  S.  J.  Hale:    Wuntan's  Hecord. 

Bleecker,  Anthony,  d.  1827.  aged  49,  a  graduate  of 
Columbia  College,  New  York,  pub.  many  fugitive  poetical 
piece.s. 

"For  thirty  years  the  periodical  literature  of  New  York  and 
Philadelphia  was  constantly  indebted  to  his  tiucy  and  good  taste." 
Alhns  Ame.r.  Jiiog,  Diet. 

Ble^borough,  Ralph,  M.D..  1769-1827,  a  London 
physician.  Facts  respecting  the  Air  Pump,  &c.,  Lon., 
1803,  8vo.     He  contributed  to  several  medical  periodicals. 

Blencowe,  £dward,  formerly  Fellow  of  Oriel  Col- 
lege. Plain  Sermons  addressed  to  a  Country  congrega- 
tion, 1st,  2d,  and  3d  series,  Lon.,  3  vols.  Svo.  3d  series 
pub.  1851. 

'■  The  discourses  are  plain,  interesting,  and  pre-eminently  prac- 
tical."— Enylifh  (Vnirchiiuni. 

■'They  really  disii-vc  iln-ir  title  of  plain  sermons,  and  that  is 
the  very  hij^hest  piai-;.-  that  c<mld  be  accorded  to  any." — Ixm.  Critic. 

''  Simjile.  intellii^iblc,  and  affectionate." — Church  and  SlateGazHte. 

"Very  stirring  .nnd  practical." — Christian  Hememhrancrr. 

BlencoAve,  R.  W.  Editor  of  Ron.  Henry  Sidney's 
Diary  of  Charles  the  Second's  Times,  2  vols.  Svo.  See 
SiDNKY.  Hon.  Henry. 

Blener-Hasset,  Thomas,  a  minor  poet,  iemp. 
Elizabeth,  made  additions  to  the  edition  of  the  Mirrour 
for  Magistrates,  pub.  in  1578. 

'■The  year  1578  not  only  produced  this  second  impression  of 
Hisffins's  Mirrour,  but  witnessed  a  fifth  and  separate  edition  of 
Ealdwyne's  labours,  with  the  addition  of  two  lecrends,  and  an  in- 
termediate part  written  by  Thomas  Blener-Hasset^  containing 
twelve  stories,  and  entitled  The  Seconde  part  of  the  Mirronr  of 
Maiiistrates,  conteining  the  falles  of  the  iufortunate  Princes  of 
this  Lande;  from  the  Conquest  of  C.fsor  into  the  conimyng  of 
Duke  William  the  Conqueror." — Drake's  Shakspeare  and  His  Times^ 
vol.  i. 

Blener-Hasset  pub.  in  1610,  A  Direction  for  the  Planta- 
tion of  Ulster. 

Blenmau,  Richard.  Acts  of  Parliament,  Lon.,  1742, 
Svo. 

Blennerhaysett,  Thomas.     Sermons,  1715-16. 

Blesen,  or  Blesenis,  Peter,  d.  about  1200?  Arch- 
deacon of  Bath,  afterwards  of  London,  a  native  of  Blois, 
was  a  favourite  with  Henry  II.  of  England.  Opera,  Paris, 
1519.  Auctiora,  cum  nutis,  Paris,  1667,  fo!.  Paralipo- 
mena  Opernm,  Col.  Agr.,  1624,  Svo.  Continuatio  :  Histo- 
ria  Ingulphi,  Ac,  Oxf.,  1654? 


Blessin^ton,  Countess  of,  1787-1849,  was  b.  at 
Kno(.kl>nt,  Tipperary,  Ireiiuid,  the  second  daughter  of 
Edmund  Power,  Esq.,  of  Carral>cen.  At  the  age  of  fifteen 
she  married  Captain  Farmer  of  the  47th  Regiment,  R.  A. 
He  died  in  1817.  Possessed  of  great  personal  beauty,  and 
highly  accomplished,  she  did  not  long  remain  a  widow, 
and  in  1818  was  married  to  Charles  John  Gardiner,  Earl 
of  Blessington.  The  Earl  and  Countess  resided  chiefly 
on  the  Continent  until  the  death  of  the  former  in  1829, 
when  she  moved  to  London,  and  resided  there,  lirst  in 
Berkeley-Square,  and  subsequently  at  Gore  House,  until 
1849,  when  she  removed  to  Paris,  where  she  died  in  the 
same  year.  The  marriage  of  her  step-daughter.  Lady 
Harriet  Anne  Frances  Gardiner,  the  only  child  of  the  Earl 
of  Blessington,  to  Count  I>'Orsay,  their  separation,  and 
the  subsequent  family  history,  are  no  secrets  either  in  the 
Empire  of  Fashion  or  the  Republic  of  Letters. 

Lord  Byron  was  a  great  admirer  of  Lady  Blessington, 
and  her  published  Conversations  with  him  was  one  of  the 
most  poi)ular  books  of  the  day.  Lady  B.'s  publications 
are  numerous : 

The  Magic  Lantern.  Sketches  and  Fragments.  Tour 
in  the  Netherlands.  Conversations  with  Lord  Byron.  The 
Repealers.      The  Victims  of  Society. 

'•  The  Victims  of  Society,  and  The  Kepealers.  have  found  par- 
ticular favour  in  the  eyes  of  those  whose  range  of  reading  is  still 
confined  to  the  shelves  of  a  circulating  library." — Hunt's  London 
Journal. 

The  Two  Friends.    Meredith. 

"The  plot  is  one  which  must  be  read  through  to  be  appreciated; 
and  we  take  leave  of  Lady  Blesfiington,  knowing  that  the  name 
of  her  readers  will  be  legion,  and  that  they  will  find  amplt  amuse- 
ment and  interest  in  the  clever  and  fanciful  story  of  Meredith." — 
London  Court  Journal,  July  S,  1843. 

The  Idler  in  Italy.  The  Idler  in  France. 
"  As  Lady  Blessington,  during  her  residence  in  Paris,  moved  in 
the  most  brilliant  society  in  the  French  metropolis,  ber  Idler  in 
France,  as  may  readily  be  imagined,  is  remarkably  rich  in  pii|uant 
anecdote.  Exclusive  of  the  large  number  of  distinguished  foreign- 
ers who  have  a  place  in  these  volumes,  her  ladyship  introduces  the 
reader  to  an  assemblage,  equally  brilliant,  of  her  own  comp,atriots. 
Among  others,  the  Dukes  of  "Wellington  and  Hamilton  ;  the  Ladies 
Ilawarden,  Combermere,  Stuart  de  Kothsay,  Lyndsay.  and  Dysart; 
Lords  Byron.  Yarmouth.  Lilfnrd.  Lansdowne,  Darnley,  Charle- 
mont,  Stuart  de  Kothsay,  Erskinr.  (ll.MnIg,  Rosslyn,  .lohn  Russell, 
Allen,  I'embroke.  Paluierston.  <  a>;tlrn;i'^li.  Cadogan,and  Abinger; 
8irs  BobeitPeel.  Francis  liurdi-tf,  Andii-w  Barnard,  "William  Dinm- 
mond,  William  li.ll:  rMlimris  E.  Lygon,  Leicester  Stanhope,  and 
Caradoc;  and  IM.-^i^  (  h:irl.-s  Mills.  Douglas  Kincaird,  Standish, 
Cuthbert,  Disrai'H,  W  Mll^r  Savage  Laudor,  Shelley,  William  Spen- 
cer, Rogers,  Luttrell.  &c." 

"  In  I'aris  and  Parisian  society,  Lady  Blessington  is  quite  at 
home." — London  Jthennnm. 

*'  A  couple  of  delightful  volumes,  by  the  most  delightful  of  fo> 
male  writers." — London  We'-hty  Chroyiicle. 

The  Governess.  Confessions  of  an  Elderly  Gentleman. 
''This  is  a  most  channinp  volume — full  of  the  nice  feeling,  the 
keen  perception,  and  the  delicate  mind  of  a  woman.  Certainly  an 
eldirly  trentJcman.  who  has  been  in  love  six  times,  has  done  his 
duty  by  tin-  li-male  sex  ;  but  the  six  lovely  faces  collected  by  Parris 
i|uit->  \\arrant  the  proceeding.  Each  face  has  its  sepai'ate  histoiy 
dt-li'^'htfully  done.  The  stories  are  singularly  lively,  and  lighted 
up  by  a  myriad  of  observations  either  shrewd  or  touching." — Lon. 
Lifi-rary  Gaztfte. 

'-  This  is  much  the  best  of  Lady  Blessington's  fictions.  It  has 
the  consistency  of  an  autobiography;  and  the  reader  will  listen 
with  interest  and  curiosity  till  the  Elderly  Gentleman  has  nothing 
more  to  confess.  There  is  incident  enough  in  each  of  his  tales  to 
have  furnished  a  three-volume  novel.  The  two  pathetic  stories 
relieve  the  livelier  ones  very  happily;  and  we  close  the  records  of 
his  dreams  and  follies  with  a  full  conviction  that  the  Elderly  Gen- 
tleman deserved  his  six  disappointments." — Lon.  Athenaum. 

"These  Confessions  are  sparkling  in  their  execution,  and  like 
all  the  novels  of  the  accomplished  writer,  they  are  peculiarly 
Ii'omans  de  S^iciif^ — the  characters  that  moveand  breathe  through- 
out them  are  the  actual  persnns  nf  the  great  world;  and  the  re- 
flections with  which  they  abound  bflnng  to  the  philosophy  of  one 
who  has  well  examined  the  existing  manners.  Her  portraiture  of 
familiar  scenes,  of  every-day  incidents,  are  matchless  for  truth  and 
grace." — lidinhurgh  I!evv:w. 

'■There  are  few  fictions,  though  of  thrice  the  exterior  preten- 
sions of  these  Confessions,  that  possess  so  much  weight." — London 
Monthly  Bei-ifw. 

Country  Quarters.  Marmaduke  Herbert.  Confessions  of 
an  Elderly  Lady. 

"  The  Confessions  of  an  Elderly  Gentleman  is  a  deservedly  popu- 
lar work",  but  its  present  companion  is,  we  think,  even  superior. 
The  niceties  of  feminine  perception:  the  workings  of  the  female 
heart:  the  innate  feelings  nnd  educational  restraints  which  control 
and  modify  the  passions  of  the  sex,  shape  its  actions,  and  form  its 
character,  are  all  portrayed  with  striking  fidelity.  It  is  with 
these  sliirht  shades,  which,  like  the  strong  colours  in  man's  life, 
work  out  the  destinies  of  woman,  that  Lady  Blessington  has  painted 
the  portrait  of  her  heroine,  and  illustrated  every  turn  of  her  fate, 
from  over-induli^ed  infancy  to  irribible  and  peevish  age.  The  les- 
son is  a  fine  one;  the  incidents  full  of  interest,  and  the  denoue- 
vient  most  skilful  and  admirable.  Of  axiomatic  beauties,  which 
always  distinguish  productions  of  real  talent  and  merit,  there  are 
some  s])arkling  gems,  which  cast  a  brilliant  light  upon  the  fabric, 

205 


BLE 

and  afTnrd  a  happy  relief  to  the  tissue  of  lores,  and  cares,  and 
hnpt^s.  ;iii'-i  (iisaiipnintuieiits.  and  sorrows.  Parris's  eif^ht  portraits 
are  exi]uisitf  :  wt>  know  nut  which  is  most  lovely.  '1  hey  are.  in- 
deed, deliu'htful  illustiatious  of  the  story."'— i(W.  Litn-ary  Gazette. 

"  It  forms  a  pendant  to  Confessions  of  an  J'Hderly  Gentleman, 
by  the  same  fair  hand,  and  fully  equals,  if  not  exceeds,  its  prede- 
cessor. There  are  a  grace  and  elegance  about  both  woriis  which 
cannot  tail  to  attract  and  captivate." — Jolni  Bull. 

"  A  more  perfect  moral  anatomization  of  the  female  heart  has 
seldom  been  exhibited  in  any  work  of  fiction.  The  serious  passages 
are  ajireeably  relieved  by  some  amusing  sketches  of  the  aristocra- 
cy of  by-gone  times.  .  .  .  If  the  confessions  of  the  '  Lady' do  not  ex- 
hibit so  much  variety  as  those  of  the  'Gentleman,'  they  are  infi- 
nitely superior  in  the  depth  of  their  interest,  and  in  the  excelleuce 
of  the  lessons  they  inculcate." — Morning  Post. 

"  No  actual  confessions,  whosoever  theautobiographer  might  be, 
ever  interested  us  more;  nor  were  any  ever  made  that  proffer  a 
finer  and  truer  lesson  to  humanity,  to  women  especially.  Vanity 
and  pride  in  women  were  never  laid  bare  by  a  firmer  or  gentler 
hand.  .  .  .  Immeasurably  superior  to  the  Confessions  of  an  Elder- 
ly Gentleman.'' — Court  Journal. 

"  The  tale  throughout  is  written  with  ease  and  elegance." — 
Athena'um. 

Desultory  Thoughts  and  Reflections. 

'•  These  terse  and  well-digested  aphorisms  are  as  remarkable  for 
their  moral  value  as  for  their  elegant  and  graceful  setting." — 
Gonxprvtitivfi  Journal. 

The  Belle  of  a  Season.  Tour  through  the  Netherlands 
to  Paris.     Strathren.     Memoirs  of  a  Femme  de  Chambre. 

The  Lottery  of  Life,  ami  other  tales. 

"  Lady  Blessiiigton's  book  has  lieen  very  pleasant  reading  to  us. 
It  is  gracefully  written  llirnii;ihnut,  and  with  a  lively  power  of 
good-hearted  ridicule.  Lady  lU(■s^illgton  excels  in  what  we  may 
call  refined  caricature,  iu  which  a  spirit  of  frolic  and  exaggeration 
runs  side  by  side  with  a  cheerful  fency,  shrewd  oltservation.  and 
humour  both  sharp  and  genial.  These  volumes  will  add  to  Lady 
Blcs&ington's  reputation,  as  a  lively,  acute,  and  agreeable  writer.'' 
— Londoii  Examiu':r. 

Lady  B.  contributed  many  articles  to  the  periodicals  of 
the  day,  and  for  7  or  8  years  edited  The  Keepsake  and 
The  Gems  of  Beauty. 

We  present  the  reader  with  a  full-length  portrait  of  the 
Countess  of  Blessington,  drawn  by  the  grajihic  pencil  of 
an  acquaintance  of  her  ladyship — N.  P.  Willis,  Esq.,  of 
New  York, 

"The  portrait  of  Lady  Rlessington  in  the  Book  of  Beauty  is  not 
unlike  her,  but  it  is  still  an  unfavourable  likeness.  A  picture  by 
Sir  Thomas  I^awrence  hung  opposite  me,  taken,  perhaps,  at  the 
age  of  eighteen,  which  is  more  like  her.  and  as  captivating  a  re- 
presentation of  a  just  matured  woman,  full  of  loveliness  and  love, 
the  kind  of  creature  with  whose  divine  sweetness  the  gazei's  heai-t 
aches,  as  ever  was  drawn  in  the  p.ainter"s  most  inspired  hour. 
The  original  is  now  (she  confessed  it  very  frankly)  liirty.  She 
looks  something  on  the  sunny  side  of  thirty.  Her  person  is  full, 
but  preserves  all  the  fineness  of  an  admirable  shape;  her  fiwt  is 
not  crowded  in  a  satin  slipper  for  which  a  Cinderella  might  be 
looked  for  in  vain,  and  her  complexion  (an  unusually  fair  skin, 
with  very  dark  hair  and  eyebrows)  is  of  even  a  gii-lisb  delicacy 
and  freshness.  Her  dress  of  blue  satin  {if  I  am  descriljiiig  her  like 
a  milliner,  it  is  because  I  have  here  and  there  a  rejider  of  the  Mirror 
in  my  eye  who  will  be  amused  by  it)  was  cut  low,  and  fuldi'd 
across  her  bosom,  in  a  way  to  show  to  advantage  the  round  and 
sculpture-like  curve  and  wiiiteness  of  a  pair  of  exquisite  shoulders, 
■while  her  hair  dressed  close  to  her  head,  and  parted  simply  on  her 
forehead  with  a  rich  feranUre  of  turquoise,  enveloped  in  cle.ai 
outline  a  head  with  which  it  would  be  difficult  to  find  a  fault. 
Her  features  are  regular,  and  her  mouth,  the  most  expressive  of 
them,  has  a  ripe  fulness  and  freedom  of  play,  peculiar  to  the  Irish 
physiognomy,  and  expre.ssive  of  the  most  unsuspicious  good  hu- 
mour. Add  to  all  this  a  voice  merry  and  sad  by  turns,  but  always 
musical,  and  manners  of  the  most  unpretending  elegance,  yet  even 
more  remarkable  for  their  winning  kindness,  and  you  have  the 
most  prominent  traits  of  one  of  the  most  lovely  and  fascinating 
women  I  have  ever  seen." — PcjtciHinffS  by  the  Way. 

We  conclude  with  two  opinions  of  rather  a  conflicting 
character : 

"  Many  things  have  contributed  to  raise  her  to  her  present  po- 
sition of  polite  letters,  beyond  the  general  merits  of  her  works. 
The  charm  of  title,  her  indisputable  taste  in  the  tine  arts,  and, 
above  all.  her  beauty,  have  been  all  along  so  many  assisting  ex- 
cellencies to  support  her  literary  reputation.  .  .  .  When  a  lady 
condescends  to  write,  whose  equipage  arrests  the  attention  of  the 
thousands  that  throng  daily  the  fashionable  localities  of  London. 
6hc  is  all  the  time,  as  her  carriage  rolls  on  from  street  to  street, 
creating  a  new  class  of  readers.  Struck  with  the  appearance  of  her 
equipage,  they  are  anxious  to  ascertain  hnw  its  owner  looks,  thinks, 
acts,  and  writes;  the  circul.ating  libraries  gain  new  subscribers. 
and  Lady  Blessington  extends  in  this  way  the  reputation  of  her 
genius." — Hunt's  London  Journal. 
Audi  alteram  partem : 

"  As  an  acute  and  brilliant  delineator  of  the  traits  and  foibles 
of  fashionable  life.  Lady  Hlessington  is  unequalled.  She  draw 
with  a  steady  yet  delicate  hand  the  denizens  of  le  tmui  ofuifi 
justly  discriminating  the  various  shades  of  character  she  h;is  to 
deal  with;  and  presents. at  last,  a  lively  picture,  replete  willi  strik- 
ing contrast,  yet  exqiiisitely  natural,  of  which  we  admire  the  exe- 
cution, whilst  we  acknowledge  the  truth." — Omrt  Journal. 

For   further   information    respecting   her   ladyship,   we 

must  refer  the  reader  to  the  following  work,  in  II  vols,  dcmi 

8vo,    with   portraits   by   R.  J.  Lane,  Esq.,   A.R.A. :    The 

Literary   Life   aud   Correspondence   of    the   Couutx3ss    of 

206 


BLI 

Blc3'?ington ;    compiled  and  edited  by  Dr.  R.  R.  Madden, 
author  of  The  Lite  of  Savonarola,  Travels  in  the  East,  &c. 
Blewert,  William,     On  Annuities^  Lon.,  1783-92; 
4th  ed.  ;  Tables  corrected  by  J.  B.  Brize,  Lon.,  1847. 

Blewitt,  J.  The  Organ  Service  of  the  United  Church 
of  England  and  Ireland. 

"Mr.  Blewitt  is  entitled  to  the  thanks  of  all  young  organists, 
for  the  very  clear  and  conspicuous  manner  in  which  he  has  led 
them  through  the  whole  of  the  service;  there  is  also  displayed 
considerable  tast«  in  his  delicate  touches  in  the  form  of  voluntary, 
upon  the  swell,  in  his  interludes,"  &c.—lIarvionicon. 

Blewitt,  Octavius,  Secretary  of  Literary  Fund,  Lon- 
don, author  of  a  vol.  of  Poems,  Panorama  of  Torquay,  12mo, 
aud  Hand-Book  for  Southern  Italy.  (Murray's,)  1S53. 

Blewitt,  R.  J.  The  Court  of  Chancery  ;  a  Satirical 
Poem. 

'•  The  object  of  this  book  is  to  embody,  in  immortal  verse,  the 
reflections  of  the  author  on  every  thing  connected  with  Chancery. 
'The  volume  contains  some  very  clever  hits  at  several  members 
of  the  English  bench  and  bar.  with  a  pretty  large  share  of  abuse 
and  venom.  The  author,  whoever  he  may  be,  is  shooting  masked, 
Blewitt  being  an  assumed  name.'  *"  ' 

Blick,  F.     Sermon,  Buckingham,  1791,  8vo. 
Blicke,  Sir  Charles,  Knt.,  Surgeon  to  St.  Bartho- 
lomew's   Hospitnl,    London.      An    Essay    on    the   Yellow 
Fever  of  Januuca,  collected  from  the  MSS.  of  a  late  Sur- 
geon, Lon.,  1772,  8vo. 

Bli^h,  Arthur.     Poetical  works,  1806. 
Bligh,  Michael.     Church  of  God,  1765.  8vo. 
Bligh,  Richard.     Reports  and  Legal  treatises,  Lon., 
1821.  &c.     Mr.  Bligh's  Reports  of  Cases  heard  in  the  House 
of  Lords  are  in  continuation  of  those  by  Mr.  Dow,  10  vols. 
Bligh,   William.     A  Narrative    of  the   Mutiny   on 
Board  IL  M.   Ship  Bounty,  Lon.,    1790,   4to.     This  was 
trans,  into   French  :  it  was  incorporated  by  Bligh   in  A 
Voyage  to   the   South  Sea.  Lon.,  1792,  4to.     In  1794  ho 
pub.  Answers  to  Mr.  E.  Christian's  A.'^sertions  relative  to 
the  Trial  of  the  Mutineers  of  the  Bounty.     This  interest- 
ing story — the  Mutiny  on  the  Bounty — is  well  known. 
Blind  Harry.     See  Henry  the  Minstrel. 
Bliiiman,  Richard,  first  minister  of  New  London, 
Connecticut,  n  native  of  Great  Britain,  arrived  in  America 
in  1642.    He  pub.  A  Rejoynder  lo  Mr.  Henry  Danvers  his 
brief  friendly  reply  to  my  answer  about  Infant  Baptism, 
Lon.,  1675,  24mo. 

Bliiishall,  James,  D.D.  Evidence  of  the  futuro 
Publieation  of  the  (Jospcl  to  all  Nations,  with  an  Account 
of  the  Soc.  8cot.  Prop.  Chr.  Knowledge,  Edin.,  1780^  8vo. 
Bliss,  Anthony.  A  Sermon,  1725.  8vo. 
Bliss,  (-eorge.  The  obligatory  Nature  of  the  Sacra- 
ments, or  Strictures  on  Mr.  Gurney's  Remarks,  Lou.,  1826, 
12nio.     Notes  on  the  New  Testament,  &c. 

Bliss,  John.  Mineral  Waters  of  Hampstead,  Ac, 
1802. 

Bliss,  Nathaniel.  Bradley's  Astronomical  Observa^ 
tions,  with  a  Continuation,  Oxf.,  1789-1805,  2  vols.  foL 
Astronom.  Pajiers  in  Phil.  Trans.,  1761,  4to. 

Bliss,  Philip,  D.D.,  D.C.L.,  Ac,  178S-1857,  b.  in 
Gloucester  co.,  Eug.,  Fellow  of  St.  John's  College,  Oxford, 
edited  Earle's  Micro-Cosmography,  with  Notes,  Lon.,  1809, 
Svo;  Aubrey's  Lives  of  Eminent  Men,  trans,  from  the 
original  MSS.  in  the  Ashmolean  Museum, — forming  a 
portion  of  the  work  known  as  the  Letters  from  the  Bod- 
leian, 1813,  3  vols.  Svo  ;  Bibliographical  Miscellanies,  1813, 
thin  4to:  104  copies  printed.  He  rcpub.  two  ...Id  plays ; 
ed.  Henshaw's  Meditations,  1841.  12mo  ;  Historical  Papers, 
printed  from  the  collection  in  his  own  library,  1S46;  ed. 
for  the  Ecclesiastical  Historical  Society  The  Life  of  An- 
thony a  AVood,  which  was  intended  to  form  the  first  voL 
of  a  new  edition  of  Athcn.  Oxon.,  1848  ;  Catalogue  of  Ox- 
ford Graduates  from  1649  to  1850,  1851.  Svo  j  Reliquiae 
Hearniauic  :  extracted  from  the  Diaries  of  Thomas  Hearne, 
1857,  2  vols.  Svo.  This  work  was  commenced,  and  be- 
tween 500  and  600  pages  were  printed,  more  than  forty 
years  before  it  was  published.  The  entire  edition  of  150 
copies  on  small  and  50  copies  on  large  paper  were  sold  in 
six  weeks  after  publication.  Dr.  B.  deserves  enduring 
honours  for  his  invaluable  edition  of  Wood's  Athenae 
Oxoniensis.  Lon..  1813-20,  4  vols.  4to,  which  we  shall 
notice  in  our  article  Wood,  Anthony,  q.  i\  Dr.  Dibdin 
handsomely  acknowledges  his  obligations  to  him,  and 
these  pages  attest  ours : 

'-  My  friend  the  Rev.  Dr.  Bliss,  of  the  Bodleian  Library,  has  ena- 
bled me  to  enrich  these  pa^es  not  only  by  the  examination  of 
nianv  treasures  in  that  wonderful  repository,  but  by  the  loan  of 
his  work  (not  vet  published)  of  the  Beliquire  Ilearniana-.  The 
pa"cs  of  his  Athena'  Oxoniensis  h.avebeen  also  at  times  snipuKtrly 
useful  .  .  -  If  the  Athemp  Oxoniensis  be 'thrice  welrnme,  in  any 
sbape  it  is  71IW  times  welcome  in  the  receut  impression  just  al- 
luded to!  fur  more  care,  attention, accuracy, aud  valuable  enUrge- 


BLI 


BLO 


ment.  from  an  inexhaustible  stock  of  materials,  (some  of  them  con- 
temporaneous.) haa  rarely  been  witnessed  than  in  the  editorial  la- 
bours of  Dr.  Bliss  upon  tlie  text  of  his  beloved  Anthony  Wood." — 
Library  Onitpaniim. 

'•The  recent  edition  of  Wood's  Athenje  Oxoniensis  haa  furnished 
nie  with  too  many  valuable  notices  not  to  merit  my  best  acknow- 
ledgment, and  not  to  justify  me  in  predicting  for  the  editor  of  it 
that  station  in  the  temple  of  future  Oxford  Worthie«  to  wliich  his 
labours  so  fairly  entitle  him." — I'lfpogmpldcal  Antiquities. 

Bliss,  Thomas.     Joseph  a  Tvpe  of  Christ,  1769,  8vo. 

Blith,  BIythe,  or  Blyth,  VValter.  English  Im- 
prover, or  a  new  Survey  of  Husbandry,  Ac,  Lon.,  164:9, 
4to  ;  iniprmrd  1652,  4to  ;  against  Hartlib. 

"The  \vrHiii;,',s  of  Blyth  contain  a  great  deal  of  sound  sense, 
and  not  bailly  expressed,  on  almost  every  bianch  of  husbandry. 
His  principles  are  very  correct,  and  he  seems  to  have  ent^,■rtained 
the  tirst  systfuiatif  conceptions  of  the  benefits  that  would  attend 
the  alternate  husbandry." — Donaldsmi^s  Agricnlt..  Binfj. 

"  A  well-kni'wn  and  very  ingenious  work.*' — Lnn.  Qitar.  Review. 

Blithe,  Nath.      Expl.  C.  Catechism,  Lon.,  1674,  8vo. 

Blizavd,  Thomas,  1722-is;i8,  was  educated  profes- 
sionally under  his  cousin,  Sir  William  BUzard.  Med. 
Con.  to  Phil.  Tn.ns.,  1805;  Med.  Chir.  Trans.,  1809. 

Blizard,  Sir  William,  Knt.,  cousin  of  the  above, 
1743-ls;:!.'),  an  eminent  English  surgeon,  in  conjunction 
with  Dr.  Rolicrt  Maelaurin,  established  in  17S5  the  first 
regular  school  of  medical  science  in  connexion  with  the 
English  Hospital.  He  was  twice  President  of  the  Royal 
College  of  Surgeons,  and  in  1810  wns  knighted  by  George 
III.  Lectures  on  the  large  Blood  Vessels  of  the  Extremi- 
ties Lon..  178G,  8vo:  3d  edit.,  1798.  Sugge.'^tions  for  the 
Improvement  of  Hospitals,  and  other  Charitable  Institu- 
tions, Lon.,  1796,  8vo;  trans,  into  German..  A  New 
Method  of  treating  the  Fistula  Lachrymalis,  Lon.,  1780, 
4to.  Of  the  Expediency  and  Utility  of  Teaching  the 
several  Brimcbes  of  Physic  and  Surgery  by  Lectures  at 
the  London  Hospital.  Lon.,  1783,  4to.  On  the  Dnnger  of 
Copper  and  Bell  Metal  in  Pharmaceutical  and  Chemical 
Preparations,  Lon.,  1786,  8vo. 

Blodget,  Lorin,  Sec.  to  the  Philadelphia  Board  of 
Trade.  Climatology  of  the  United  States,  and  of  the  Tem- 
perate Latitudes  of  the  North  American  Continent,  em- 
bracing a  full  comjiarison  of  these  with  the  Climatology 
of  the  Tcmjicrate  Latitudes  of  Europe  and  Asia;  with 
Isothermal  and  Rain  Charts,  including  a  Summary  of  Me- 
teorological Observations  in  the  United  States,  condensed 
from  recent  scientific  and  official  publicatinn.s,  Phila.,  1857, 
8vo.  This  work  has  been  highly  eulogi/.cd  by  Baron  Hum- 
boldt and  hy  other  eminent  scientific  luilhurilics. 

Ulomhery,  W.  N.  Life,  &c.  of  E.  Dickinson,  M.D., 
Lon.,  1709,  8vo. 

Blomo,  Richard.  A  Gcograpb.  Descrip.  of  the  4 
parts  of  the  Wi.rbl,  Lon.,  1070.  fid.  Descrip.  of  Jamaica, 
Lon.,  1672,  12mo.     Britannia.  Lou.,  1673,  fob 

"  A  mnst  entire  piece  of  theft  out  of  Camden  and  Speed." — Bp. 

NiCOLSON. 

''  Scribbled  and  transcribed  from  Cambden's  Britannia  and 
Speed's  Maps," — Wood. 

Art  of  Heraldry,  1685,  8vo.  English  Acquisitions  in 
Guinea,  &c..  1686,  12mo.  An  Entire  Body  of  Philosophy, 
(tc,  trans,  from  the  Latin,  1691,  fob  This  curious  work 
contains  dissertations  on  Denionology;  of  Created  Spirits 
of  the  World  and  Heaven  ;  the  want  of  sense  in  Brute 
Animals,  &c.     Gentleman's  Recreation,  Lon.,  1710,  fob 

•'  This  person  Bloomo  is  esteemed  bv  the  rhii'fest  heralds  a  most 
Impudent  person;  .  .  .  he  gets  a  livelihood  by  bold  practices:  .  .  . 
ori;.:inally  a  ruler  of  books  and  paper,  who  i);ith  since  practised, 
for  divers  years,  pro'xixinj^  trioks  in  employiii;^  necessitous  persons 
to  write  in  several  arts." — Wnori. 

Blomefield,  Rev.  Francis.  History  of  Thetford, 
Fcrsfield,  1739,  4to.  Collectanea  Cautabrigieusia,  Nor- 
wich, 1750,  4to.  Essay  towards  a  Topographical  History 
of  the  County  of  Norfolk.  When  Mr.  B.  had  reached  p. 
678,  vol.  iii.,  he  died;  the  Rev.  Charles  Parkin  continued 
the  work,  but  also  died  before  it  was  brought  to  a  close : 
it  was  completed  by  Mr.  Whittingham,  Fersfield,  &c., 
1739-73,  5  vols.  fob.  Lon.,  1805-10;  r.  Svo,  11  vols.,  pub. 
at  £9  18^.:  1.  p.  in  4to.  £23  ■is. 

Blomer,  Ralph,  D.D.      Sermons,  1710,  '12,  *16,  '30. 

Blomfield,  Barrinston.     Sermon,  1728,  8vo. 

Blomfield,  Rt.  Rev.  Charles  James,  Bishop  of 
London,  17S6-1857,waseducatedat  Trinity  College,  Cam- 
bridge: ho  was  third  wrangler  and  senior  medallist  in 
1808,  and  subsequently  a  Fellow  of  his  College.  He  was 
successively  Archdeacon  of  Colchester,  in  Kent,  and  Rector 
of  St.  Bartolph's,  Bishopgate,  London;  was  consecrated 
Bishop  of  Chester  in  1824,  and  translated  to  London  in 
1828.  His  Lordshi]i's  reputation  as  a  clas.sical  scholar, 
founded  upon  his  editions  of  jEschylus  and  Callimaehus, 
his  contributions  to  the  Museum  Criticum,  Ac,  is  too  well 
established  to  render  it  necessary  to  dwell  upon  the  sub- 


ject here.  It  is  to  be  regretted  that  the  Museum  Criticum, 
which  contains  so  many  noble  monuments  of  British  Clas- 
sical learuing — the  results  of  the  erudite  investigations  of 
Maltby,  Monk,  Elmsley,  Burney,  Hare,  the  Blomtields, 
Ac. — should  have  become  so  scarce  that  but  few  can 
profit  by  its  precious  pages.  Bishop  Blomfield  favoured 
the  world  with  several  other  publications.  A  Dissertation 
upon  the  Traditional  knowledge  of  a  Promised  Redeemer, 
which  subsisted  before  the  Advent  of  our  Saviour,  Cam- 
bridge, 1819,  8vo.  Five  Lectures  on  the  Gospel  of  St. 
John,  as  bearing  Testimony  to  the  Divinity  of  Jesus 
Christ,  Lon.,  1823,  12mo. 

"A  familiar  elucidation  of  that  particular  branch  of  the  demon- 
stration which  consists  iu  the  testimony  of  the  beloved  disi-iple." 

Twelve  Lectures  on  the  Acts  of  the  Apostles,  Lon., 
1829,  8vo. 

"  Very  valuable  lectures." — T.  H.  ITorne. 

"  Strength  of  mind,  perspicuity  of  diction,  depth  of  reflection,  and 
piety  of  sentiment,  are  discernible  throughout." — Chris.  Jif-m^mb. 

To  the  above  work  is  annexed  a  new  edition  of  the  Lec- 
tures on  St.  John,  and  in  the  appendix  will  be  found  Dr. 
Tucker's  Brief  and  Dispassionate  View  of  the  Difficulties 
attending  the  Trinitarian,  Arian,  and  Sociuiau  Systems. 
A  Letter  on  the  Present  Neglect  of  the  Lord's  Day,  Ad- 
dressed to  the  Inhabitants  of  London  and  Westminster, 
Lou.,  1830,  8vo.  Manual  of  Family  Prayers,  18mo.  Private 
Devotion,  ISmo.  Sermon  at  St.  Botolph's,  Bishopgate,  Svo. 
See  Bishop  Blomfield  and  his  Times,  a  Historical  Sketch 
by  Rev.  George  Edward  Biber,  LL.D. 

'•  The  author  had  uuusual  advantages  for  noting  many  of  the 
leading  events  as  they  occurred,  and  has  made  full  use  of  his  note- 
book."— Lon.  Gtnt.  Mag.,  Sept.  1S57. 

Blomfield,  E.  V.,  1788-1816,  brother  of  the  above, 
Fellow  and  Tutor  of  Emanuel  College,  Cambridge.  A 
trans,  of  Augustus  Matthias's  Greek  Grammar,  Cambridge 
University  Press,  2  vols.  8vo:  5th  edit,  revised  by  Kenrick. 

"This  edition  of  IVIatthia-'s  tJreek  Grammar  exhibits  the  most 
complete  system  of  grammatical  rules  and  examples  that  has  yet 
been  given  to  the  world.'' 

7th  edit,  abridged,  revised  by  Edwards,  1  vob  12mo. 

"The  editor  has  endeavoured  to  substitute  shorter  and  more 
simple  definitions  and  explanations  than  those  which  are  contained 
in  the  original  work." — Bl.-rriOP  of  London  :  C  J.  Blomjield's  Preface. 

E.  V.  B.  contemplated  a  trans,  of  Schneider's  and  Pas- 
sow's  lexicons,  and  he  contributed  some  papers  to  the 
Muj^cum  Criticum. 

Blomli<-UU  George  Becher.  Sermons  adapted  to 
Country  Congregations,  Lon.,  1841,  12mo. 

Bloiidel,  James  A.,  M.D.,  d.  about  1734,  wrote  a 
professiniiai  woik  (1729,  Svo)  in  answer  to  the  statements 
of  I>r.  Daniel  Tower. 

Bloom,  J.  H.  Notices  of  the  Cnstle  and  Priory  at 
Castleacrc,  Lon.,  r.  Svo.  Pulpit  Oratory  in  the  Times  of 
James  I.,  Lon.,  1831,  8vo. 

"These  sermons  are  quite  curiosities,  and  well  worth  a  perusal 
for  the  originality,  quaiutness.  and  learning  which  they  embody, 
in  aibUtinii  to  si>und  ihurch  priiu-iples." — Church  Magazine. 

Bloomfield,  Ezekiel.  Lectures  on  the  Philosophy 
of  History,  with  Notes  and  Engravings,  Lon.,  1820,  4to. 

Bloomfield,  Nathaniel,  brother  of  Robert  Bloom- 
field.  An  Essay  on  AVar,  in  blnnk  verse.  Honington 
Green,  a  Ballad.  The  Culprit,  an  Elegy;  and  other 
Poems,  1803,  12mo. 

Nathaniel  had  the  honour  of  a  lash  from  Lord  Byron: 
"  If  Phoebus  smiled  on  you, 
Rloomfield!  why  not  on  brother  Nathan  too? 
Ilim  too  the  Mania,  not  the  Muse,  has  seized; 
Not  inspiration,  but  a  mind  diseased  : 
And  now  no  boor  can  seek  his  last  abode. 
No  rommon  be  inclosed,  without  an  ode." 
**  8pe  Natlruiii'I  Itlmiinfipld's  ode.  elegy,  or  whatsoever  he  or  any 
one  els"  cbMMscs  to  ciU  if.  on  the  indosure  of  Honington  Green." 
i  — Fv'jiish  B.inhinul  S,olr!i  Remewers. 

I      Bloomfield,  Robert,  1766-1823,  a  native  of  Hon- 
'  ingtnn,  in  Sutb>lk,  was  the  youngest  son  of  a  tailor,  who 
[  died  before  Robert  was  a  year  old,  leaving  a  widow  with 
six  children.     Robert  was  placed  in  charge  of  bis  brother 
George  in  London,  to  learn  the  mystery  of  shoe-making. 
,  A  knowledge  of  reading  and  writing  was  about  all  he  ac- 
!  quired  during  the  few  months  he  was  sent  to  school.     By 
.  the  kindness  of  his  brother  George  and  an  acquaintance 
I  named  Fawcett.  he  was  furnished  wilh  a  number  of  books, 
— a  History  of  England,  British  Traveller,  a  Geography, 
Paradise  Lost,  the  Seasons,   Ac.     This  last  work  so  en- 
chanted him  that  for  some  time  he  spent  all  his  leisure 
hours  in  its  perusal.     Whilst  working  with  six  or  seven 
other  men  in  a  garret,  ho  composed  mentally,  arranged 
and  rearranged,  his  poem  of  the  Farmer's  Boy,  without 
committing  a  line  to  paper.     When  able  to  procure  paper 
he  had,  as  he  remarks,  "nothing  to  do  but  to  write  it  down." 
The  poem  was  ofifered  to  several  publishers  without  sue- 


BLO 


BLO 


but  Bloomfield  found  a  warm  friend  in  Capel  Lofft,  ]  favoured  the  public  with   several  very  valuable  works. 


who  took  measures  to  have  it  printed.  Its  success  was  so 
great  that  26,000  copies  were  sold  in  three  years.  In  the 
next  year  an  edition  was  pub.  at  Leipsic  ;  a  trans,  into  the 
French,  Le  Valet  du  Fermier,  appeared  in  Paris;  a  trans, 
into  Italian  was  pub,  in  Milan,  and  the  Rev.  W.  Clubbe 
produced  Agricolie  Pucr,  in  Latin  verse.  The  other  publi- 
cations of  Bloomfield  were,  Rural  Tales,  Ballads,  and 
Songs,  Lon.,  1802,  8vo ;  Good  Tidings,  or  News  from  the 
Farm,  1804,  4to;  Wild  Flowers,  1806,  ISmo;  Banks  of  the 
Wye.  1811;  Works,  2  vols..  1814,  18mo;  May  Day  with 
the  Muses,  1822,  12mo.  His  Remains  in  Poetry  and 
Verse,  2  vols.  8vo,  appeared  in  1S24.  Our  author,  in  con- 
sequence of  imprudent  liberality  to  poor  relations,  and  of 
an  unfortunate  adventure  in  the  book  business,  lived  in 
poverty,  and  died  some  £200  in  debt,  leaving  a  widow  and 
four  children. 

Few  compositions  in  the  English  language  have  been  so 
generally  admired  as  The  Farmer's  Boy.  Those  who  agreed 
in  but  little  else  in  literary  matters  were  unanimous  in  the 
commendation  of  the  poetical  powers  displayed  by  the  pea- 
sant and  journeyman  mechanic.     When  Lord  Byron,  in 
revenge  for  a  deserved  flagellation  at  the  hands  of  Jeffrey, 
undertook,  with  that  mixture  of  arrogance  and  petty  malice 
which  were  his  distinguishing  characteristics,  to  turn  the 
literary  corps  into   the   subjects  of  a  general  whipping- 
Echuol,  he  does  not  forget  the  author  of  the  Farmer's  Boy  : 
"  Hear  then,  ye  happy  sous  of  needless  trade! 
Swains  quit  the  plough,  resign  the  useless  spade: 
Lo!  Burns  and  Bloomfield,  nay,  a  greater  far, 
Gifford,  was  born  beneath  an  adverse  star, 
Forsook  the  labours  of  a  servile  state, 
Stemm'd  the  rude  storm,  and  triuuiph'd  over  Fate." — 
English  Bards  and  Scotdt  Itevieions.     See  Bloomfield.  Nathaniei,. 
Among    the    eulogists    of  Bloomfield    have  been  Parr, 
Southcy,  Aiken,  Watson,  Montgomery,  Dr.  Drake,  and  Sir 
Egerton  Brydges.     We  quote  some  opinions  : 

-  Such  indeed  are  the  merits  of  this  work,  [The  Farmer's  Boy,] 
that,  in  true  pastoral  imagery  and  simplicity.  I  do  not  think  any 
production  can  be  put  in  competition  with  it  since  the  days  of 
Theocritus.  To  that  charmin'r  rusticity  which  particularizes  the 
Grecian,  are  added  the  individuality,  fidelity,  and  boldness  of 
description  which  render  Thomson  so  interesting  to  the  lovers  of 
Kature."~DB.  Natha:^  Drake:  Literary  Hours. 

'•Flowing  numbers,  feeling  piety,  imagery  and  animation,  a 
taste  for  the  picturesiiue,  force  of  thought,  and  a  true  sense  of  the 
natural  and  pathetic," 

Mr.  LofFt  considers  to  be  the  common  characteristics  of 
Thomson's  Seasons  and  Bloomfield's  Farmer's  Boy.  He 
does  not  perceive  any  other  resemblance,  as  some  profess 

to  do. 

"  3Ir.  Bloomfield,  on  the  publication  of  The  Farmer's  Boy,  was 
looked  on  as  a  poetical  prodigy,  and  not  without  reason.  For  he 
shewed  in  that  poem  a  very  tine  feeling  for  the  beauties  and  the 
occupations  of  the  country.  ...  It  is  most  agreeable  to  read  his 
unlaboured  descriptions  o'f  ploughing,  and  sowing,  and  reaping, 
and  sheaf-binding,  and  compunctious  shooting  of  rooks.  .  .  .  The 
Farmer's  Boy  is  by  far  the  best  written,  as  to  style  and  composi- 
tion, of  any  work  of  our  uneducated  poets.  The  melody  of  the 
versification  is  often  exceedingly  beautiful.  .  .  .  The  Kural  Tales 
were  many  of  them  very  good.  .  .  .  The  descriptinn  of  the  Blind 
Boy  [in  the  News  from  the  Farm]  is  wurtby  nf  being  inserted 
among  the  Flowers  of  English  Poetry:  grai.  ful.  .b-L^ant.  and  most 
deeply  affecting,  even  to  tears."— B^(c;ri(">r>rf'.v  M-i[;.,  1^22. 

"The  Poem  certainly  discovers  very  cb-arly  the  powers  of  natural, 
unaffected  genius." — Lon.  M"n(hli/  J^encw. 

'■  We  are  here  called  away  from  our  abstruser  studies  by  these 
productions  of  a  genuine  child  of  nature.  In  Bloomfield's  first 
poem.  The  Farmer's  Boy,  we  saw  and  commended  the  evidence  of 
an  original  genius,  well  deserving  of  encouragement  and  cultiva- 
tion. With  The  Farmei-'s  Boy  we  were  highly  pleased,  because  it 
showed,  in  the  most  striking  manner,  the  natural  movements  of 
an  ingenuous  mind;  but  we  hesitate  not  to  declare  ourselves  still 
more  satisfied  with  the  present  volume."  [l^^''^!  Tales,  Ballads, 
and  Sondes.]— Bi-itiah  Critic. 

The  Anti-Jacobin  and  Critical  Review  also  highly  com- 
mend the  Rural  Talcs,  &c. : 

"We  now  hail,  with  increased  satisfaction,  the  more  matured 
flights  of  his  well-fostered  imagination."— -iJi/tV^co/jm. 

-■  We  hope  and  believe  that  the  success  of  this  volume  will  equal 
that  of  The  Farmer's  Boy  :  as  we  are  sure  that  its  merits  are  not 
inferior." — Critical  Rei'i'rw. 

As  we  commenced  the  quotation  of  opinions  by  a  poeti- 
cal sneer  of  Lord  Byron's,  we  shall   conclude  with  some 
Btanzas  which  are  much  more  creditable  to  their  author: 
"  It  is  not  quaint  and  local  terms 
Besprinkled  o'er  thy  rustic  lay, 
Though  well  such  dialect  confirms 
Its  power  unletter'd  minds  to  sway; 
But  'tis  not  these  that  most  display 
Thy  Kwi'itest  ch.irms,  thy  gentlest  thrall;— 
Words,  phrases,  fishions  pass  away. 
But  Truth  and  Nature  live  through  all." 
Trihitte  in  ihf  Mfinnry  of  Rnhrrt  Bloiimjield.  by  Bernard  Barton. 

Bloomfield,  S.  T.,  of  Sidney  College,  Cambridge, 
B.D.,  Vicar  of  Bisbrook.     This  distinguished  scholar  has 


R^censio  synoptica  annotationis  sacrce ;  being  a  critical 
digest  and  synoptical  arrangement  of  the  most  important 
annotations  on  the  New  Testament,  exegetical,  philo- 
logical, and  doctrinal,  from  the  best  commentators,  8  vols. 
8vo,  Lon.,  1826. 

"The  leading  feature  of  this  work  is  the  incorporation  of  the 
whole  of  the  exegetical  and  philological  Annotations  of  Wetstein, 
with  a  great  quantity  of  biblical  erudition,  extracted  from  other 
valuable  sources.  It  would  be  impossible  to  convey  to  our  readers 
an  adequate  idea  of  the  mass  of  information  which  the  learned 
author  has  brought  to  bear  upon  the  numerous  passages  which  he 
has  undertaken  to  illustrate;  and  we  can  safely  say,  that  in  the 
portion  of  the  New  Testament  which  this  part  of  the  work  em- 
braces— the  Four  Gospels — the  inquirer  will  find  very  few,  of 
which  Mr.  Bloomfield  has  not  given  a  complete  and  satisfactory 
exposition."— (?^/ar^:Wy  Tfh'nhigical  Rev,,  S'pt.  1S26. 

"  There  is  scarcely  a  single  p.assage  which  is  not  elucidated. 
Altogether  this  is  one  of  the  most  important  works  in  s,acred  lite- 
rature which  has  ever  been  offered  to  the  attention  of  the  Bible 
student."— IloRNE. 

Epitome  Evangelica,  18rao.  The  following  work  is  indeed 
invaluable.  Ureek-and-English  Lexicon  of  the  New 
Testament,  by  E.  Robinson,  D.D.,  Professor  of  Biblical 
Literature  in  the  Theological  Seminary.  New  York  ;  edited, 
with  careful  revision,  corrections,  and  occasional  additions, 
and  a  Preface  by  S.  T.  B.,  1  vol.  8vo. 

"We  consider  it  the  best  lexicon  of  the  Greek  Testament  that 
is  extant.  I)r.  Bloomfield  has  proved  himself  an  indefatigable 
scholar,  and  his  edition  deserves  unbounded  success."— C.'iurcA 
of  En  a-  Quarterly  Bfvifw. 

■'  It  must  prove  of  great  value  and  advantage  to  every  Clerical 
student  who  is  wise  enough  to  procure  H."~Brit.  Critic  and  Quar- 
krli/  Theohigicul  Review. 

Greek  and  Eng.  Lexicon  to  the  N.  Test,  j  2d  edit,  greatly 
enlarged  and  considerably  improved. 

"In  preparing  this  new  edition  for  the  press,  besides  availing 
himself  of  every  critical  aid  to  which  he  could  obtain  access,  Dr. 
Bloomfield  has  completely  re-cast— we  might  perhaps  say,  almost 
re-written- the  work.  At  least  one-sixth  of  new  matter  has  been 
added.  The  etymological  department  of  the  work  has  been  much 
improved.  In 'the  mure  important  words  of  the  New  Testament, 
instead  of  bare  references,  which  he  had  before  given,  the  words 
themselves  are  now  added,  insomuch  that  the  work  in  its  present 
state  may,  in  most  cases,  serve  as  a  concordance  to  the  Greek  Tes- 
tament. '  Great  additional  pains  have  been  bestowed  in  collecting 
from  the  Septuagint.  and  from  the  learned  .Tewish-Greek  writers, 
Philoand  Josephus,  whatever  Is  most  adapted  to  illustrate  the;j€- 
cidiar  idirms  of  the  New  Testament.  We  regard  this  as  a  capital 
improvement.  The  typographical  arrangement  of  the  pages  is  also 
greatly  improved.  Altogether,  this  is  confessedly  the  most  useful, 
as  it  is  thecheapest,  Lexicon  to  the  Greek  Testament  extant  in  our 
language."— tViwrcA  of  England  Quarterly  Review. 

Lexilogus  Seholasticus,  ISmo-  Trans,  of  Thucydidcs,  3 
vols.  Svo.  1829. 

"  By  far  the  best  translation  of  Thucydides.  The  Notes  are  a 
treasury  of  Erudition." — ClussiculJournal 

"  In  the  Notes  by  this  Translator,  numerous  interesting  points 
of  Classical  Antifiuities  are  ably  discussed,  and  many  thousands  of 
invaluable  illustrations  of  the  "obscure  passages  of  the  Author  are 
adduced  from  the  best  Greek  writers  of  every  age.  As  to  the  Ver- 
sion, considerinir  the  jiU  but  insuperable  difficulties  with  which  the 
Translator  has  Vidd  tn  contend,  in  a  writer  said  by  some  great  scho- 
lars to  be  »»/n'H,s7('/.iWe,  we  can  with  truth  say  that  he  has  executed 
his  task  with  fidelity,  taste,  and  judgment.  Upon  the  whole,  we 
can  pronounce  the  work  to  be  quite  indispensable  to  all  who  would 
hope  to  understand  the  text  of  the  greatest  of  historiayis,  but  most 
obscure  of  writers." — Z/on.  Gentleman's  Magazine. 

"  A  version  as  literal  and  as  perspicuous  as  erudition  and  indus- 
try combined  can  render  it." — Echctic  Revieiv. 

The  Greek  Testament,  with  English  Notes,  Critical,  Phi- 
lological, and  Explanatory,  Ac,  2  vols.  Svo,  Lon.,  18:^2; 
2d  ed.,  18.36  j  3d,  1839  ;  4th,  1841.  The  2d  ed.  was  enlarged 
from  the  1st,  and  the  3d  upon  the  2d;  the  4th  is  almost 
exactly  the  same  as  the  3d;  9th  ed.,  1856,  2  vols.  Svo, 

"  Upon  the  whole,  without  depreciating  the  merit  of  the  labours 
of  precedins  editors.  Ibis  third  .-dition  of  the  Greek  Test.ament,  by 
Dr.  Bloomfield.  mav  iustlv  be  re^'arded  as  the  most,  valuable  for 
biblical  students  that  has  yet  been  issued  from  the  press  in  this 
country."— Home's  Jntroduc;  which  see  for  copious  notices  of  Dr. 
B.'s  labours. 

"  Invaluable  to  all  those  whose  profession  requires,  or  whose  lei- 
sure admits  of,  a  critical  study  of  the  sacred  writings.  Dr.  B.  has 
deserved  well  both  of  the  Church  and  of  the  Christian  world,  and 
has  fairly  earned  the  highest  remuneration  which  the  dispensers 
of  ecclesiastical  patronage  have  to  bestow." — Eclectic  Revieto. 

College  and  School  Greek  Testament,  with  English 
Notes,  12mo. 

"This  edition  of  the  Greek  Testament  supplies  a  desideratum  in 
scholastic  literature.  The  notes  (which  are  strictly  grammatical, 
scholastic,  and  elementarv)  furnish  to  the  juvenile  student  every 
requisite  aid  for  the  correct  interpretation  of  the  New  Testament. 
The  volume  is  as  cheapas  it  is  beautifully  and  accurately  printed. 
—  Christian  Ri^iemhranrer.  .      m    * 

"It  certainly,  as  a  manual,  has  great  advantage  over  the  Testa- 
ments of  liartiv  and  Valpv."— C/mrc/i  of  Eng.  Quarterly  Revieiv. 

"  Dr.  Bloomfield's  New  Test.ament  for  the  use  of  Schools.  Lecture- 
rooms,  Colleges,  &c..  is  an  invaluable  work;  the  notes  and  critical 
appar.itus  being  in  general  constructed  with  great  labour  for  the 
present  edition. 


BLO 


BLO 


"It  is  Impnssililc  fn  say  how  f;ir  tin*  puhlic  are  indebted  to  Br. 
Bloomfield  fur  tlnst-  Ialn.urs  "f  liis  imliistrious  pen;  they  will  carry 
down  his  naiiii'  with  thi-  hii;hi'st  bnimur  to  posterity." — Evangdi- 
cal  Mag.,  N-n\  I. 

Bloomfield,  William.  BloomfieM's  Blossoms,  or  the 
Camp  of  Philosophy.      Vi<U'  Ashniule,  Theat.  Chem.,  p.  305. 

Blore,  Edward.  Mouumental  Keniaius  of  noble  and 
eminent  Persons,  ti  parts,  r.  4to,  pub.  at  £6;  India  proofs, 
£9,  Lou.,  1826. 

Qmtenls.—Q.neen  Eleanor;  Baron  Fitzalan;  Karl  of  Pemliroke; 
Sir  J.  Douglas :  iJervase  Alard.  Admiral  of  ( he  Cinquo  Ports ;  Queen 
Philippa;  Karl  of  Waiwirk :  Edward  Prince  of  Wales;  Kin<;  Ed- 
ward III.;  T.  Ilatliilii.  llishup  of  Durham;  William  of  Wykham; 
John  GowLT  (///'■  iVic/);  Kinii;  Henry  IV.  and  his  Queen;  Earl  of 
Arundtd;  Earl  of  \V<stiiiun-land;  Earl  of  Douglas;  DukeofSomer- 
set;  Duke  of  Glnui-i'stei-;  Sir  John  Spencer;  Archbishops  Warham 
and  Peckham;  rnuntiss  -jf  Salisbury;  and  Sir  Anthnuy  lJro\yne. 

"  This  int«?resting  production  is  among;  the  number  now  publish- 
ing, which  do  credit  to  the  tast«  and  judgmt-nt  of  the  country  by 
their  object,  and  to  the  Arts  by  their  style  and  execution." — Lon. 
Literary  Gmett-'. 

"A  beautiful,  and,  indeed,  captivating  performance.  The  en- 
gravings, in  the  lino  manner,  are  from  the  faithful  pencil,  and  in 
part  from  the  burin,  of  Mr.  Blore;  and  more  brilliant,  or  rather 
charaat^risttc,  perfoi  niances  have  never  yet  been  witnes^;ed.  The 
proof  impressions,  on  India  paper,  have  a  fascinating  effect;  but 
the  critical  antiquary  will  be  equally  well  pleased  with  the  ordi- 
nary copies." — DiUlin's  Library  Gmipatiioii. 

Blore,  Thomas.  Hl.^nry  and  Antiquities  of  the 
County  of  Rutland,  vol.  i.  part  2  ;  all  jiub.,containin,^'  the 
East  Hundred  and  Casterton  Parva,  fol..  Stamford,  ISII. 

"This  work  merits  great  praise-,  and  deservedly  ranks  very  high 
among  such  publications." — Lowni'ES. 

Statement  of  Currcsp.  with  Sir  R.  Philips,  1807,  Svo. 
History  of  the  Manor  and  Manor  House  of  South  Wiufield, 
in  Derbyshire,  Lon.,  1793,  -Ito.  No,  iii.  of  the  Miscell.  An- 
tiquities in  continuation  of  the  Bibl.  Topogr.  Brtt.,  Lon., 
1793,  4to.  Account  of  the  Public  Schools,  Hospitals,  and 
other  Charitable  Foundations,  in  the  Borough  of  Stiimford, 
1813.  Svo. 

Blount,  Charles,  1654r-l  693,  son  of  Sir  Henry  Blount, 
and  descended  from  Sir  Thomas  Pope,  founder  of  Trinity 
College,  Oxford,  was  born  at  his  grandfather's  residence  at 
Upper  Holloway,  Middlesex.  Anima  Mundi,  Lon..  1079, 
Svo.  The  tendency  of  this  piece  is  deistical.  The  Two 
Books  of  Philostratus,  of  the  Life  of  ApoUonius  Tyanceus, 
from  the  Greek,  Lou.,  1680,  fol.  Trans,  into  French,  Ber- 
lin, 1775,  4  vols.  Svo. 

"  This  piece  was  published  with  the  design  to  invalidat*  the  tes- 
timony of  the  Evangelists  concerning  the  Miracles,  &c.  A  few 
copies  only  were  dispersed  before  the  work  was  suppressed." — Da. 
A.  Clarke. 

"  Ilis  life  is  related  in  so  fabulous  a  manner  by  his  disciples  that 
we  are  at  a  loss  to  discover  whether  he  was  a  sage,  an  impostor,  or 
a  fanatic." — Gibbon. 

Great  is  Diana  of  the  Ephesians,  Lon.,  1630.  Svo.  Also 
of  a  deistical  tendency.  Janus  Scientiarum,  Lon.,  1684, 
Svo.  William  and  Mary  Conquerors,  1693,  4to.  A  curious 
pamphlet,  well  meant,  but  not  relished  by  Parliament,  Avho 
ordered  it  to  be  burnt.  Mr.  Blount  was  married  at  18;  on 
the  death  of  his  wife  he  offered  marriage  to  her  sister,  which 
was  declined  from  conscientious  scruples.  Having  no  reli- 
gious principle  to  enable  him  to  bear  disappointment,  this 
foolish  man  shot  himself  through  the  head  in  1693.  After 
his  death  Mr.  Gildon,  also  a  disciple  of  infidelity,  pub. 
many  of  Blount's  letters  in  a  work  called  The  Oracles  of 
Reason.  (Oracles  of  Folly  would  have  been  the  proper 
title.)  These  precious  relics  of  credulity^for  nothing  is 
so  credulous  as  infidelity — were  afterwards  pub.,  together 
with  some  of  the  author's  pieces,  in  1690,  Svo,  under  the 
title  of  The  Miscellaneous  Works  of  Charles  Blount,  Esq. 
Gildon  justified  his  friend  in  blowing  out  bis  brains,  and 
promised  that  he  would  blow  his  own  out  at  some  future 
convenient  time  ;  but  whether  a  ''  return  of  non  est  inventus'* 
rendered  this  impossible,  or  some  other  good  reason  pre- 
vented, we  are  not  told.  Certain  it  is  that  he  condescended 
to  live  till  his  time  ran  out.  Dr.  Nichols  took  Blount  to 
task  in  his  Conference  with  a  Thcist;  see  also  Leland's 
Deistical  Writers;  Mosheim's  History;  and  Bishop  Van 
Milderl's  Boyle's  Lectures. 

Blouut,  Edward.  Historic  of  the  Vniting  of  the 
Kingdom  of  Portugall  to  the  Crowno  of  Castill,  Ac,  trans, 
from  Jerome  Conestagio,  Lon.,  1600,  4to.  The  Hospitall 
of  incurable  Fooles,  trans,  from  the  Italian  of  Th.  Garzoui, 
Lon.,  1600,  4to.  5th  and  7th  edits,  of  Earle's  Micro-Cos- 
mography, Lon.,  1629,  1638;  both  16mo.  Ars  Aulica,  the 
Courtier's  Art,  Lon.,  1607, 12mo.  Horse  Subsecivte.  Ob- 
servations and  Discourses,  Lon.,  1626,  Svo.  Christian 
Policy. 

Blount,  Sir  Henry,  1 602-1 682,  father  of  Charles  and 
Sir  Thomas  Pupe  Blount,  was  of  the  jincient  family  of  the 
Blounts  of  Sodington,  in  Worcestershire.     lu  1616  ho  was 
11 


entered  a  gentleman  commoUL-r  in  Trinity  College,  Oxford, 
founded  by  his  ancestor.  Sir  Thomas  Pope.  After  travel- 
ling for  nearly  two  years,  he  pub.  in  1036,  Lon.,  4to,  A 
Voyage  into  the  Levant,  being  a  brief  relation  of  a  Journey 
lately  performed  from  England  by  the  Way  of  Venice,  into 
Dalmatia,  Sclavonia,  Bosnia,  Hungary,  Macedonia,  Thea- 
saly,  Thrace,  Rhodes,  and  Egypt,  and  to  Grand  Cairo: 
with  particular  observations  concerning  the  modern  condi- 
tion of  the  Turks,  and  other  pcnple  under  that  Empire. 
This  work  was  so  popular  that  several  editions  were  speedily 
disposed  of,  and  it  was  trans,  into  French  and  Dutch;  2d 
edit.,  Lon.,  1637,  4to ;  3d  edit..  1638,  4toj  again  pub.  in 
1650  and  1669,  12mo;  Sth  edit,  also  12mo.  See  Osborne's 
Voyages,  vol.  i.  p.  511,  1745;  also  Pinkcrton's  Voyages  and 
Travels,  lSOS-13. 

"  Blount's  Travels  to  the  Levant  is  a  very  short  account  of  a 
journey  through  Dalm.atia.  &c. ;  the  whole  vers' concis--.. nod  ^vlth- 
out  any  curious  observations,  or  any  notable  descriptiuus.  His 
account  of  the  religious  and  customsofthu.se  people  is  only  a  brief 
collection  of  some  other  travellers:  the  language  mean,  and  not  all 
of  it  to  be  relied  on,  if  we  credit  cithers  who  have  writ  better." — 
Litroduc.  to  OaircliUrs  Cdhc.  ■>/  Voj/agca  and  Travels. 

*'  The  VoyaL'i-  iiitu  tin-  Lev;Lrit  is  the  voyage  of  a  Skeptic;  it  has 
more  of  the  iihiinsophiT  tb.in  thti  traveller,  and  would,  probably, 
never  have  W-i\\  written  but  fur  the  purpose  of  insinuating  his 
religious  sentiments.  Yet  his  retlections  are  so  striking  and  origi- 
nal, and  so  artfully  interwoven  with  the  thread  of  bis  adventures, 
that  they  enliven  instead  of  embarrassing  the  narrative.  He  has 
the  plausible  art  of  coluuring  his  paradorc  with  the  re.semblance  of 
truth.  So  little  penetration  had  the  orthodox  court  of  I'hiirles  the 
First,  that  mere! ,'  on  the  merit  of  this  book,  he  was  appointed  one 
of  the  bandof  gei.tleman  pensioners.'" — Warloii's  Li/kh/  Sir  Thomas 
Piypp. 

Sir  Henry  wrote  an  Epistle  in  Praise  of  Tobacco  and 
Coffee,  profi.veu  to  a  little  treatise  entitled  Organon  Salutis, 
written  by  W.  raimsoy,  Esq.,  1657,  59,  64,  12mo.  A  Satire 
entitled  The  Exchange  Walk,  pub.  in  1C47,  was  written  by 
Blount, 

"  As  I  have  been  infi-rmed  by  some  of  his  relations,  tho'his  sons 
know  nothing  of  it.'" — Wood. 

However  this  may  be.  Wood  certainly  errs  (according  to 
Dr.  Bliss)  in  stating  that  Sir  Henry  pub.  John  Lillie's  Six 
Comedies,  Lon.,  1632,  Svo. 

"  They  were  published  by  Kdward  Ulount.  the  bookseller,  one  ot 
the  proprietors  of  the  first  edition  of  the  plays  of  i^hakspeare." 

Though  Dr.  Bliss  made  this  correction  in  1813,  the  error 
has  been  handed  down  in  our  latest  works.  But  such  im- 
perfection must  be,  and  doubtle.'^.s  we  have  our  full  share. 
In  the  Oracles  of  Reason,  (sec  Blount,  CHAnr.ES,)  will  be 
found  a  Latin  fragment  by  Sir  Henry,  which  shows  that 
the  skeptical  opinions  of  Charles  Bbiunt  were  certainly  not 
likely  to  be  rectified  by  the  unsound  sentiments  of  his 
father.  Of  solid  judgment  there  would  seem  to  have  been 
a  sad  deficiency  in  bnth. 

Blount,  J.,  Surgeon.     Con.  to  Memoirs  Med.,  1792. 

Blount,  John,  in  Latin.  Bloudus,  a  divine  of  the 
13th  century,  was  educated  at  the  Universities  of  Oxford 
and  Paris.  He  has  the  credit  of  being  the  first  that  lec- 
tured on  Aristotle,  both  in  Paris  and  Oxford. —  Wood's 
Annals.  He  was  Prebendary  and  Chancellor  in  the  Church 
of  York,  and  in  1232  was  elected  Archbishop  of  Canter- 
bury, by  the  chapter.  The  pope,  however,  declared  the 
election  void;  the  secret  objection  Bale  considers  to  have 
been  that  Blount 

■■  Was  more  learned  than  that  court  wished  an  archbishop  to  be." 

As  an  author  Blount  was  very  famous.  It  is  doubtful  if 
any  of  his  works  are  extant.  Bale  mentions  Snmmarium 
Sacra;  Facultatus,  lib.  i.,  Disceptatlones  aliquot,  lib.  i., 
and  several  Commentaries  on  the  Scri[dures. — Ltlitnd  ; 
Bale;   Pi'fi ;    Wood'n  Annals,  bt/  Gntrh,  li'c. 

"  He  was  celebi-ated  by  bis  coutt-niporariL'S  for  the  elegance  of  his 
style. and  ("T  the  extL-nsivfiiess  nf  his  learning.  John  lioss  speaks 
of  him  as  a  prudi-^'y  of  tTuditinn."' 

Blount,  Thomas,  1018-1679,  a  native  of  Bardesley 
in  Worcestershire,  entered  htm.'-.elf  of  the  Middle  Temple, 
and  was  admitted  to  the  Bar. 

"Of  a  noble  and  antient  family  of  bis  name,  but  never  advan- 
taged in  learning  by  the  help  of  an  university,  [he  was  a  It.  Catho- 
lic,] only  his  own  and  industry,  together  witli  the  helps  of  his  scho- 
lastical  acquaintance." — Wood. 

His  publications  were  numerous.  The  Art  of  making 
Devises,  trans,  from  Henry  Estienne,  Lon.,  1646,  4to;  again 
enlarged,  1650,  4to.     Acaderaie  of  Eloquence,  1654,  12mo. 

Glossographia,  Lon.,  1656,  *70,  '71,  *79,  "91,  Svo;  en- 
larged by  W.  Nelson,  1717,  fol.  This  is  a  dictionary  of 
obscure  legal  terms.  He  presented  Anthony  Wood  with 
a  copy  of  it: 

"  Keceiv'd  from  Tho.  Blount,  of  the  Inner  Temple.  Esq.,  a  book 
of  his  writing,  Ac.  .  .  .  This  book  he  gave  A.  W.  because  he  had, 
in  his  great  reading,  collected  some  cild  words  for  his  use,  which 
were  remitted  therein.  Afterwards  sending  to  him  more,  they  were 
remitted  into  the  second  edition  of  that  book." — Jtlitn.  Oj-tm ;  Life. 

This  2d  edit,  was  pub.  1670.     The  Lamps  of  the  Law, 

2uy 


BLO 

and  the  laghts  of  the  Gospel.  Lon.,  1658,  8vo.  A  Perli- 
gree  of  the  Blounts,  printed  in  Peachman's  Complete  Gen- 
tleman, 1661.  Boseoliol,  or  the  Cumpleat  History  of  his 
Sacred  Majesties  most  Miraculous  Preservation  alter  the 
Battle  of  Worcester,  .3d  Sep.,  1651,  in  two  parts;  1st  part, 
Lon..  1660,  12mo.  Collection  of  the  Statutes  concerning 
Bankrupts,  with  the  Resolutions  of  the  Judges  upon  the 
same.  Lon.,  1670,  8vo.  In  1673  he  pub.  a  criticism  upon 
Phillips's  NewWorld  of  Words,  and  in  1672  Animadver- 
sions upon  Baker's  Chronicle.  A  Cat.  of  the  Catholics 
who  lost  their  lives  in  the  King's  Cause,  during  the  Civil 
War.  Fragmenta  Antiquitatis,  &e.,  Lon..  1679,  1784,  8vo; 
new  ed.  by  Beckwith,  1815,  4to.  A  work  of  great  popu- 
larity. Boseobel,  the  Second  Part,  with  the  addition  of 
the  Claustrum  Regale  reseratum,  or  the  King's  conceal- 
ment at  Trent,  in  Somersetshire,  pub.  by  Mrs.  Anne  Wind- 
ham of  Trent,  Lon.,  1681.  This  work  was  formerly  much 
sought  after  by  the  curious.  See  a  valuable  notice  of  Bos- 
eobel in  the  Retrospective  Review,  vol.  xiv.  47-6.S. 

"The  two  trjicts entitled  Boseobel,  with  all  the  plates,  .ire  among 
the  most  scarce  and  hit^h-priced  historical  pamphlets  of  the  17th 
century." — Reims.  Review. 

Blount  also  pub.  A  Catholic  Almanac,  1661,  '62,  '63,  and 
an  Animadversion  on  Booker's  Almanac. 

■■  He  w.ss  a  man  of  genera]  knowledge,  and  an  industrious  and 
useful  writer." 

Blount,  Sir  Thomas  Pope,  1649-1697,  eldest  son 
of  Sir  Henry,  and  brother  of  Charles  Blount,  sat  in  Par- 
liament as  member  for  St.  Alban's  and  Hertfordshire  ;  he 
was  also  for  the  last  thirty  years  of  his  life  commissioner 
of  accounts,  to  which  post  be  was  elected  by  the  House 
of  Commons.     He  pub.  in  1690,  Lon.,  folio, 

"CE>-soR.i  Ceij;briokum  Autuorum  sive  tractatus  in  quo  varia 
yirorum  doctorum  de  clarissimis.  cuju.sque,  seculi  scriptoribus 
judicia  traduntur.  Unde  faeillimo  nej.'otio  lector  dit^noscere  queat, 
quid  in  singulis  quibusque  istorum  authorum  m.-ixime  memora- 
bile  sit,  &  quonam  in  pretio  apud  erudites  semper  hahiti  fuorint. 
Omnia  in  studiosorum  gratiam  collegit  k  iu  ordiuem  diiiessit  se^ 
cundum  .seriem  temporis  quo  ipsi  authores  Horuerun t :  i.  e.  .4 
CRITIQUE  ON  THE  MOST  CELEBRATED  WRITERS,  Or  a  treatise  in  which 
the  various  opinions  of  the  most  learned  men.  as  to  the  merit  of 
the  most  famous  authors  in  every  age.  are  delivered,  whereby  the 
reader  may,  with  great  ease,  discern  what  is  most  memorable  with 
respect  to  each  of  these  authors,  and  in  what  esteem  they  have 
always  been  .among  the  learned.  The  whole  for  the  use  of  the 
studious,  collected  and  digested  according  to  the  order  of  time 
in  which  the  authors  flourished." — Bing.Brit.;  in  which  see  the 
author's  admirable  epistle  explaining  his  design. 

It  will  be  observed  that  the  plan  of  this  work  is  the  one 
in  view  in  the  present  volume,  (limited  to  British  and 
American  authors,)  though  one  entertained  by  us  long  be- 
fore we  were  acquainted  with  the  peculiarities  of  Sir 
Thomas's  excellent  compilation.  It  is  written  in  Latin, 
and  in  the  foreign  editions.  Geneva,  1694,  4to,  and  1710, 
4to,  the  quotations  from  modern  languages  are  trans,  into 
Latin,  so  as  to  give  the  whole  a  uniform  appearance. 

"  When  I  first  began  the  work,  it  was  scarcely  in  my  thoughts 
to  communicate  it  to  the  learned  world :  for  my  own  use  I  drew  it 
together;  and  now  at  the  request  of  persons  of  distinguished 
learning,  give  it  to  the  Public.  The  rather  because  bavin.'  ob- 
served with  what  eagerness  the  Acta  Eruditorum.  .and  other  books 
of  the  same  nature,  are  caught  up.  not  only  by  men  of  slender 
learning,  but  even  such  as  are  in  the  first  forms  of  learning.  I 
could  not  but  hope,  that  even  this  collection  of  mine,  such  .as  it 
IS,  would  not  displease  them."— £p!'.s»e  tn  the  reader,  in  Birig.  Brit. 
Sir  Thomas's  list  of  authors  is  brief  indeed,  as  it  in- 
cludes less  than  600  names,  although  he  begins  with 
"  Hermes  Trismegistus,  who  is  thought  to  have  been  co- 
eval with  Moses,  and  from  him  I  descend  to  our  own  time." 
Wo  intend  that  our  list  shall  enrol  the  n.ames  of  some 
30,000  authors,  but  cannot,  of  course,  be  expected  to  be 
very  diffuse  in  treating  of  each  one.  Nicoron  compares 
the  Censura  to  Baillot's  Jugemens  des  Savans,  but  there 
is  the  important  difference  that  Baillet  reports  the  opinions 
of  others  in  his  own  words  with  his  additions,  whilst  Blount 
transcrilies  them  literally,  which,  remarks  a  critic,  "adds 
consider.ably  to  their  value."  This  value,  nt  least,  the  pre- 
sent volume  will  possess,  whilst  we  shall  take  the  liberty 
which  Monsieur  Baillet  indulges  in,  of  occasionally  stat- 
ing our  own  views. 

"  Blount  omits  no  class  nor  anv  age;  his  arrangement  is  nearly 
chronological,  and  leads  the  reader  from  the  earliest  records  of 
literatiire  to  his  own  time.  The  polite  writers  of  modern  Europe, 
and  the  men  of  science,  do  not  receive  their  full  share  of  atten- 
tion ;  but  this  volume,  though  not,  I  think,  much  in  request  at 
present,  is  a  very  convenient  accession  to  any  scholar's  librarv  "— 
Hanum's  Lit.  nf  Europe.  ^ 

*-T,'^'^'"™'  "^''!i"'  ''""*•  PuMished  by  Sir  Thomas  Pope  Blount, 
entitled  Censura.  .fee." — Dr.  H.\rwood. 

'■  Sh  Thomas  Pope  mount's  Cen.sura.  &c.  is  unquestionably  a 
learned  work— the  production  of  a  rural  and  retired  life  " 

" ■Dmbraticam  enim  vitam  et  ab  omni  strcpitu  remotam  sem- 
K-  i"  )  ii"^  ""l'?-  ™''"  *'"'  ™**°''  i°  ^he  preface.  It  treats 
;?)!?  ."  J^f."""^'  learned  men,  and  sparingly  of  the  English."- 
Inoain  5  BilAwmanvx. 


BLU 

"  The  object  of  the  Censura.  Ac.  was  to  bring  together  the  opi- 
nions of  the  learned  on  the  most  distinguished  writers  of  all 
countries  from  the  earliest  periods;  and  the  very  accomplished 
and  erudite  compiler  has  accordingly  produced  a  volume  of  great 
research,  authority,  and  use." — Sir'  Egerton  Brydges:  Ci^nsura 
Literaria.  vol.  i. 

"It  is  hard  to  say  whether  the  author's  pains  or  his  modesty  be 
more  conspicuous.  This  we  may  lie  the  rather  allowed  to  s.ay, 
having  often  consulted  Sir  Thomas's  book  in  order  to  enrich  our 
own." — Bioe/.  Brit. 

Sir  Thomas  pub.  in  1693,  12mo,  A  Natur.al  History,  con- 
taining many  not  common  observations,  extracted  out  of 
the  best  modern  authors. 

"He  presents  the  public  with  the  fruits  of  his  reading,  as  to 
N-aturil  History,  without  depriving  those  from  whom  he  drew  his 
knowledge,  of  any  part  of  their  reputation;  a  conduct  which  few 
have  iinit,ated,  and  which  we  can  scarcely  enough  commend," — 
Bioej.  Brit. 

Essays  on  Poetry,  Learning,  Education,  Customs  of 
the  Ancients,  Passion,  and  several  other  subjects,  Lon., 
1697,  4to. 

"  His  Kssays  in  point  of  learning,  judgment,  and  freedom  of 
thought,  are  certainly  no  w.iy  inferior  t^  those  of  the  famous  Mon- 
taigne."— Ibid. 

De  Re  Poctiea,  nr  Remarks  upon  Poetry  ;  with  Characters 
and  Censures  of  the  most  considerable  Poets,  whether  an- 
cient or  modern.  Extr.acted  out  of  the  best  and  choicest 
criticks,  Lon.,  1694,  4to. 

"  It  is  a  pity  that  he  had  not  left  out  the  whole  of  what  relates 
to  the  Greek  and  Latin,  and  confined  himself  entirelv  to  the  British 
V»ts."—DUidin' s  Bn<li(im»t}iii . 

The  works  of  this  excellent  author  are  now  rarely  to  be 
found,  and  a  republication,  by  one  of  the  enterprising  pub- 
lishers of  the  day.  the  Bobns.  Knights,  Murrays,  Long- 
mans, c(  id  r/riiua  iimne,  (we  do  not  use  the  phrase  in  the 
Horatian  sense.)  would  be  of  great  advantage  to  the  Re- 
public of  Letters. 

Blount,  Walter  Kircham.  The  Spirit  of  Chris- 
tianity. Lon..  1686.  Svo. 

Blow,  John,  1648-1708.  an  eminent  musician,  a  na- 
tive of  Nidtingbamshire.  Boyce  ,and  Aldrich  printed 
some  of  his  church  music,  but  many  pieces  are  still  in  MS. 
When  will  they  be  collected  and  "published  ?  Why  does 
not  Mr.  Hullah  give  them  to  tho  world?  Blow's  secular 
compositions  were  pub.  in  17(10.  i'olio.  under  the  title  of 
Amphion  Anglicus.  in  imitation  of  Purcel's  collection,  the 
Orpheus  Britannicus;  but  iire  thought  much  inferior.  Some 
of  his  choral  productions  are  in'a  very  bold  and  grand 
style,  yet  ho  is  unequ.al  and  frci|uently  unhappy  in  his 
attempts  at  new  harmony  and  composition.  Dr!  Burney 
criticises  his  works,  and  Sir  John  Hawkins  gives  us  some 
inftirmation  concerning  his  peculiarities. 

Blower,  Aniinadab.  An  assumed  name  attached 
to  a  work  against  tlie  English  Liturgy. 

Blower,  Elizabeth.     Novels,  ic,  1780,  '82,  '85. 

Blower,  John.     Funeral  Sermons,  1714,  Svo. 

Blower,  Samuel.     Sermon,  1697,  Svo. 

Blower.s,  Thomas,  1677-1729.  of  Beverly,  Massa- 
chusetts.    Funeral  Sermon  on  Rev.  J.  Green.  1715. 

Bloxam,  C.  1..,  and  F.  A.  Abel.  Hand-Book  of 
Chemistry,  Theoretical,  Practical,  and  Technical ;  with  a 
preface  by  Dr.  Hoffman,  8vo. 

"  The  present  volume  is  a  synopsis  of  the  author's  experience  In 
laboratory  teaching:  it  gives  the  nccessarv  instruction  in  che- 
mical mauipulation,  a  concise  account  of  general  chemistry  as  tar 
as  it  is  involved  in  the  operations  of  the  kaboratorv;  and  lastly 
qualitative  and  quanttt:t(iv..  .Tnalysis," — Dr.  Hoffman, 

"The  importan. f  th,-  worlt  is  increased  hv  the  introduction 

of  much  of  the  technical  chemistry  of  the  manufiictory."— ion 
Atlieiiaum. 

Bloys,  AVm.     Medita.  on  42d  Psalm,  Lon.,  1632,  Svo. 

Bluett,  J.  C.  Duelling,  and  tho  Laws  of  Honour 
Examined  and  Condemned  upon  Principles  of  Common 
Sense  and  Revealed  Truth,  2d  edit.,  Lon.,  1836,  12iuo. 
See  Sabine's  History  of  Duelling.  Duellists  should  be 
ranked  among  the  worst  crimin.als.  and  punished  accord- 
ingly. He  who  dares  to  boldly  defy  the  laws  of  God  and 
man,  deserves  the  respect  of  none,  and  the  contempt  of  .nil. 

Bluett,  Thomas.  LifeofJob;  the  Song  of  Solomon  ; 
the  H.  Priest  of  Boonda,  Lon.,  1734,  Svo. 

Blundell,  Sir  George.  Remarks  upon  a  Treatise 
of  Humane  Reason,  and  on  Mr.  Warren's  late  Defence  of 
it,  Lon.,  168,3,  Svo. 

Blundell,  H.  Account  of  his  Collection  of  Statues, 
Busts,  Ac,  at  Ince,  (near  Liverpool,)  4to,  privately  printed. 
Liverp.,  1S(I3,  4to.  '  "^  ' 

"Of  this  volume  a  very  limited  number  was  printed  by  Mr, 
Blunil,.)].  who  afterwards  used  every  means  to  suppress  the  nub- 
Ucation,"— ,V.v,  x„te.     See  H.  G.  Bohn's  Cat.  for  1S41 

Blundell,  James,  M.D.     Principles  and  Practice  of 
Obstetric  Medicine  ;  new  edit,  with  additions  and  notes  by 
Dr.  Rogers  and  Alex.  lee.  Lon.,  1846.  Svo,  pp.  1172. 
"  This  new  and  greatly-eiiLlrged  edition  of  Ur,  Blundell's  excel. 


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BOA 


lent  work  should  be  called  h  rydnpo.lia  of  Practicnl  Midwifery,  the 
addition*!  are  so  t-xtODsivt-  ;iii<i  jinininiis"— .!/<//.  f:,i:. 

Dr.  B.  has  also  puh.  Mediciiia  lAIechauira,  and  several 
other  profet^s.  works. 

Kliindell,  T.     Sermons  on  Various  Suhjects,  1806. 

Bluudeville,  Thomas,  an  English  mathematician, 
pub.  several  works, Lon.,  1561-lfiOG,  &c.  Three  Treatises, 
Lon.,  1561,  4to.  Treatise  declaring  howe  many  Councel, 
Ac,  a  Prince  ought  to  have,  Lon.,  1570,  Svo.  Methode 
of  Wryting  and  reading  of  Hystories,  &c.  1574,  16mo. 
The  Four  chiefest  Offices  belonging  to  Horsemanship,  &('., 
1580,  4to.  Bricfe  Description  of  Vniversal  Mappes  and 
Cards,  &c.,  1589,  4to.  Exercises  containing  sixo  Trea- 
tises, 1594,  4to.  This  bixik  was  popular,  and  many  edi- 
tions were  jmb.  Art  of  Logike.  1599,  4t->.  Art  of  Ryding 
and  Breaking  Great  Horset^,  Svo.  Theorinues  uf  the  Pla- 
nets. 1602,  4to. 

Blunt,  Charles.  Mechanical  Drawing,  2  vols.  r. 
4to,  1810. 

Blunty  Charles  F,  Lecture  on  Astronomy.  Beauty 
of  the  Heavens;  a  Pictorial  Di^^plny  of  the  Astronomical 
Phenomena  of  the  Universe;  with  a  Series  of  Familiar 
Lectures  on  Astronomy,  expressly  adapted  for  Family  In- 
struction and  Entertainment,  4to.  with  104  coloured  plates. 

"  A  moi-e  jtcreptable  prt-seut  could  not  be  devist-d  Ln-  Ibe  young." 
— Lfm.  AH  U7ii''m. 

Blunt,  Edmund,  son  of  Edmund  M..  b.  Nov.  13, 
1799,  Newhurypi.rt,  Mass.,  an  hydrographer  of  great  skill 
and  utility.  From  iSlOto  the  present  date  (1858)  he  has  been 
engaged  in  making  charts  and  prosecuting  surveys  in  Gua- 
temala, West  Indies,  and  the  sea-coasts  of  tbu  U.  States. 

Blunt,  Edmund  Itt.,  b.  June  20,  1770.  Portsmouth, 
N.H.,residcut.of  N.Y.,  and  father  of. Joseph,  E<lmund,  George 
W.,  and  Nathaniel  B.  Blunt.  Amcr.  Coast  Pilnt,  and  many 
other  nautical  works  of  great  merit.  The  Coast  Pilot  was 
first  pub.  in  1796,  at  Newburyport,  Mass. ;  18th  cd.,  large 
Svo,  N.Y.,  1858.  This  work  sustains  a  high  reputation  fur 
accuracy,  and  is  in  general  use  by  the  American  merchant- 
marine.  It  has  been  translated  into  most  of  the  languages 
of  Europe. 

Blunt,  George  W.,  son  of  Edmund  M.,  b.  March 
11,  1802.  in  Newburvport,  Mass.,  one  of  the  editors  of  the 
Coast  Pilot  since  1826  ;  also  editor  of  other  nautical  works. 

Blunt,  Henry,  d.  1843.  Rector  of  Streathan,  Surrey, 
and  Chaplain  to  the  Duke  of  Richmond.  F'^r  some  years 
Mr.  B.  was  incumbent  of  Trinity  Church  in  Sloane  street, 
called  Upper  Chelsea.  In  1835  the  Duke  of  Bedford  pre- 
sented him  to  the  Rectory  of  Streathan.  Mr.  Blunt's 
publications  are  highly  popular.  Two  Sermons  on  the  Sa- 
crament, 1825.  Sermon  on  the  Funeral  of  Gen.  Sir  Henry 
Calvert,  1826.  8  Lectures  upon  the  History  of  Jacob,  1828. 
9  Lectures  upon  the  History  of  St.  Peter,  1829.  National 
Mercies  a  Motive  for  National  Reformation,  1830.  12  Lec- 
tures upon  the  History  of  Abraham,  18;U.  A  Sermon 
upon  the  Lord's  Day,  1832.  12  Lectures  upon  the  History 
of  St.  Paul,  Part  1,  1832.  History  of  St.  Paul.  Part  2, 
1833.  Two  Discourses  upon  the  Trial  of  the  Spirits,  1833. 
Lectures  upon  the  History  of  Christ,  1834.  An  Ordination 
Sermon,  1834.  Dii;courses  upon  some  of  the  Doctrinal 
Articles  of  the  Church  of  England.  2d  edit..  1835,  12mo. 
Practical  Exposition  of  the  Epistles  to  the  Seven  Churches 
of  Asia:  3d  edit,  1838,  12mo.  A  Family  Exposition  of 
the  Pentateuch,  3  vols.,  1844,  12mo.  Lectures  on  the  His- 
tory of  Elisha,  5th  edit.,  1846,  12mo.  Sermons  preached 
at  Trinity  Church,  5th  edit.,  1843,  12mo.  Posthumous 
Sermims  and  Pastoral  Letters,  2d  edit.,  3  vols.,  1844,  '45, 
'47,  12mo.  Some  of  Mr.  B.'s  works  have  gone  through 
40  editions  in  England,  and  have  been  extensively  circu- 
lated in  the  United  States. 

"  The  most  popular  religious  books  of  the  a^e  in  style  and  matter." 

"It  has  Ix'L-u  suggested  that  Mr.  Blunt's  Commentary  on  the 
Old  Testament  should  be  read  as  a  companion  to  that  of  Bishop 
Sumner  on  the  New." 

"  Devoid  of  all  pietension  in  his  style  of  composition,  and  of  all 
studied  elaboration  in  his  train  of  thought,  our  author  is  one  of 
the  clearest  and  most  effective  writers  of  his  day.  Simplicity  and 
perspicuity  are  the  main  charms  of  his  publiwitions,  and  of  his 
pulpit  discourses;  and  combined  as  those  qualities  are  with 
sprishtliness  of  thought,  with  occasional  sallies  nf  imagination, 
and  with  a  rich  vein  of  appropriate  illu'^tration.  they  constitute 
him  at  once  an  instructive  preacher  and  an  :u(i}il:iM"e  writer.  .  . 
Would  that  all  ministers,  in  and  out  of  the  ChurL'h  of  England, 
were  such  in  zeal.  t;ilent,  and  devotedness." — Lnn.  Evaiig.  Mag. 

"  His  death  was  in  h.armony  with  his  life.  Ilis  intellect  clear; 
his  foith  unclouded;  his  spirit  humble,  affectionate,  thankful, 
cheerful,  happy;  his  interest  in  the  church  and  iu  the  cause  of 
his  Saviour  undecaying." — Lonflnn  Rccrrrd. 

Blunt,  J.  Obstetric  Family  Instructor,  Lon.,1793,12mo. 
Blunt,  John.    Practical  Farriery,  Lou.,  1773.  12mo. 
Blunt,  Johu  James,  1794-1855,  Margaret  Prof.of  Di- 
vinity at  Caml.uitlge.  Theol.  and  other  publications;  the  best- 


known  of  which  is  Undesigned  Coincidences  in  tbeWntinga 
both  of  the  Old  and  New  Testament  an  argument  of  their 
veracity.  This  includes  a  republication  of:  1.  The  Veracity 
of  the  Books  of  Moses;  2.  The  Veracity  of  the  Historical 
Scriptures  of  the  Old  Testament.  {Ilulsean  Lectures;)  3. 
The  Veracity  of  the  Gospels  and  Acts.  The  whole,  revised 
and  enlarged,  appeared  as  a  2d  ed.  in  1847,  and  the  5th  ed. 
was  pub.  iu  185(i. 

*'A  work  of  great  value,  and  one  which  must  attract  the  atten- 
tion of  every  student  of  the  Scriptures.  The  novelty  of  the  investi- 
gation, the  success  with  which  it  is  prosecuted,  and  the  confirmation 
it  elicits,  will  impress  the  mind  of  any  one  who  will  give  it  an  exa- 
mination."— Lftn.  Chris.  Obs. 

'•  Mr.  Blunt  has  signalized  himself  as  a  very  succeseful  disciple 
of  Dr.  Paley  in  the  management  of  that  species  of  Christian  evi- 
dence which  arises  from  the  discovery  of  undesigned  coincidences 
of  revealed  truth." — Lowndes. 

Principles  for  the  Proper  Understanding  of  the  Mosaic 

Writings,  1833,  8vo :  highly  commended.     History  of  the 

Christian  Church  in  the  First  Three  Centuries;  2d  ed.,  8vo, 

1857.     On  the  Right  Use  of  the  Early  Fathers,  8vo,  1857. 

Duties  of  the  Parish  Priest;  2d  ed..  1857.     Plain  Serms., 

j  p.  Svo,  1856.     Serms.  at  Cambridge,  1836,  8vo ;   1845,  '47, 

Svo;  1849,  Svo;  1851,  Svo.     Vestiges  of  Ancient  Manners 

in  Italy  and  Sicily,  Svo. 

I      Blunt,  Joseph,  b.  Feb.  1792,  at  Ncwburyport,  Mass., 

j  lawyer  of  N.  York,  son  of  Edmund  M.  Blunt.     Historical 

Sketch  of  the  Formation  of  the  American  Confederacy,  N. 

I  York,  1825,  Svo.      Speeches,  Reviews,  and  Reports,  1843, 

I  Svo.    Merchants'  and  Shipmaster's  Assistant,  N.York,  Svo. 

j  Amer.  Annual  Register,  1827-35,  N.York,  8  vols.  Svo.    Mr. 

j  B.  was  the  editor  nf  this  work,  and  wrote  many  parts  of  it. 

Blunt,  Leonard,  author  of  a  poem.  The  curious  may 
consult  Steeveny's  Sale  Cat;Uogue,  No.  1047. 

Blunt,  Nathaniel  Bowditch,  1804-1854,  son  of 
Edmund  M.  Blunt,  was  a  distinguished  lawyer  of  N.York, 
author  of  numerous  addresses,  &.q.  Eulogy  on  the  Death 
of  Henry  Clay,  delivered  at  the  request  of  the  corporate 
authorities  of  the  City  of  N.  York.    A  masterly  production. 

Blunt,  Walter.  Dissenting  Baptisms  and  Church 
Burials.  Strictures  upon  the  decision  of  the  late  Sir 
John  Nicholl;  with  an  attemi)t  at  an  investigation  of  the 
judgment  of  the  Church  of  England  upon  the  subject, 
Exeter.  1840,  Svo.  Ecclesia-'^tical  Restoration  and  Reform; 
No.  1 .  Considerations  and  practical  Suggestions  on  Church- 
rates.  Ac,  Lon.,  1847,  8vo. 

Blutcau,  Doin  Raphael,  1638-1734,  a  Theatine, 
born  in  Loudon  of  French  p.arents,  became  very  celebrated 
for  his  proficiency  in  sacred  and  pndane  learning.  His 
works  are,  1.  A  Vocabulary  or  Dictionary,  Portuguese 
and  Latin;  Coimbra,  1712-28,  10  vols.  foL,  including  a 
supplcmcut  in  2  vols.  From  this  work  Moraes  de  Silva 
compiled  a  Portuguese  Dictionary,  Lisbon,  1789,  2  vols. 
4to.  2.  Oraculum  utriusque  Testamenti  museum  Blutea- 
vinum.  3.  A  List  of  all  Dictionaries,  Castilian,  Italian, 
French,  and  Latin,  with  the  dates,  &o.,  Lisbon,  172S,  and 
printed  iu  the  supplement  to  his  Dictionary.  4.  Sermons 
and  Panegyrics  under  the  title  of  Primicias  Evangelicas, 
1685,  4to.     Ho  died  at  Lisbon  in  the  95th  year  of  his  age. 

''  On  the  28th  of  February  his  eloge  was  pronounced  iu  the  acar 
demy,  and  two  learned  doctors  gravely  discussed  the  question — 
MVh.-ther  England  was  most  honoured  in  his  birth,  or  Portugal 
iu  his  d(\ith.'"' — Biog.  ZTim\ 

Blydenburgh,  J,  W.  A  Treatise  on  the  law  of  Usu- 
ry, Ac,  New  York,  1844,  Svo. 

"  This  is  a  valuahle  work,  embodying  the  English  and  American 
decisions,  and  contnins  appropriate  practical  forms  of  procedure." 
— Marrin'.f  Lrgal  Bill. 

BIyth,  Robert.     1.  A  Speech  ;  2.  Sermon,  1795,  4to. 

Blyth,S.     Funeral  Serm.  on  Mr.  Bourn,  1754,  Svo. 

BIythe,  Walker,     See  Blith. 

Boaden,  James,  b.  1702.  a  native  of  Whitehaven, 
pub.  a  number  of  Plays,  <fcc.  His  best-known  productions 
are.  A  Letter  to  George  Steevens,  E.^q.,  containing  a  Criti- 
cal Examination  of  the  Papers  of  Shakspeare  pub.  by  Mr. 
S.  Ireland,  [see  Ireland,  S.,  and  AV.  II.,]  Lon..  1796, 
Svo.  Inquiry  into  the  Authenticity  of  various  Pictures 
and  Prints,  which  from  the  Decease  of  the  Poet  to  our 
own  times  have  been  offered  to  the  Public  as  Portraits  of 
Shakypeare,  Lon.,  1824.  Svo.  Memoirs  of  the  Life  of  John 
Philip  Kemble,  Esip,  2  vols.  Svo. 

"Mr.  Iloaden  appears  to  have  liet^n  the  companion  of  Kemble, 
and.  what  is  more,  he  was  worfhi/  of  his  fiiendship.  Of  that 
friendship  he  has  constructed  au  imperishable  record,  honourable 
alike  to  his  talents  as  a  scholar  and  to  his  feelings  as  a  man." — 
Lon.  Gnidi'mans  Mog. 

The  Life  of  Mrs.  Jordan,  2  vols.  Svo. 

Boa^,  William.  Fevers  and  Dysentery  of  Hot  Cli- 
mates.    Med.  Facts,  1793. 

Boak,  John.  Letter  to  T.  Bere,  ISOl,  12mo.  Eluci- 
dation of  Characters,  1802.  Svo. 

211 


BOA 

Boardman,  Henry  A.,  D.D.,  was  b.  1808.  at  Troy, 
in  New  York,  graduated  at  Yale  College  in  1829.  He 
has  been  since  1833  pastor  of  the  Tenth  Presbyterian 
Church  in  Philadelphia.  In  1853  the  General  Assembly 
elected  him  to  fill  the  Chair  of  Pastoral  Theology  and 
Church  Government,  Composition  and  Delivery  of  Ser- 
mons, in  the  Theological  Seminary  at  Princeton,  New 
Jersey,  but  ho  declined  the  honour,  preferring  to  remain 
with  a  congregation  and  coramuuity  to  which  he  is  greatly 
endeared  by  his  many  excellent  qualities  as  a  Christian 
and  a  gentleman.  Dr.  Boardman's  publications  have  been 
numerous.  We  notice  some  of  the  princijial ;  The  Scrip- 
ture Doctrine  of  Original  Sin.  pp.  120,  1839.  Letters  to 
Bishop  Doane  on  the  Oxford  Tracts,  pp.  100,  1841.  The 
Prelatical  Doctrineof  the  Apostolical  Succession  examined, 
pp.  350.  12mo,  1844.  The  Importance  of  Religion  to  the 
Legal  Profession,  1849.  The  Bible  in  the  Family,  pp.  300, 
12mo,  1851.  The  Bible  in  the  Counting-House :  a  Course 
of  Lectures  to  Merchants,  pp.  400,  12mo,  1853. 

"  Dr.  Boardman's  style  reflects  his  own  mental  vi^^our,  clearness, 
vivacity,  industry,  finish,  and  taste.  It  abminds  in  apt  illustra- 
tions, puts  abstract  principles  in  concrete  liviii_'  fm  ins,  is  relieved 
by  salient  points  and  sparltling  jets;  it  often  nn-i<  \\itli  the  notes 
of  a  genuine  eloiiuenre.  and  is  enriched  witli  cripious  and  apposite 
tacts,  apparently  noted  for  the  purpose  in  the  course  of  an  exten- 
sive reading.'" — Princeton  Jitview, 

•'The  style  of  these  lectures  is  altogether  admiriihle  and  per- 
fectly adapted  to  their  subject;  it  is  free  and  familiar,  without 
condescending  to  commonplace  or  tiippancy,  and  is  often  impres- 
sive and  eloquent  without  being  suggestive  of  the  pulpit." — Put- 
nam's Sftmthlif  Mag. 

"  Eminently  judicious  and  practical,  and  fonns  a  worthy  supple- 
ment to  the  great  work  of  Dr.  Chalmers  on  the  same  subject." 

A  Discourse  on  the  Low  Value  set  upon  Human  Life  in 
the  United  States.  1S53. 

"  A  seasonable,  able,  and  discriminating  discourse."— i^eaiiyte- 
rian  Magazine. 

Discourse  on  the  American  Union.  Eulogium  on  Daniel 
Webster.  A  Pastor's  Counsels,  pp.  100.  The  Great  Ques- 
tion. ]ip.  230, 12mo:  many  editions.  The  Christian  Jlinistry 
not  a  Priesthood. 

Boardman,  J.     Analysis  of  Penmanship,  1809,  4to. 
Boardman,  James.     Trans,  of  Linguet's  Analysis, 
and  Review  of  Voltaire's  Works,  Lon.,  1790,  8vo.     A  Vo- 
cabulary of  the  English,  Latin,  French,  Italian,  Spanish, 
German,  and  Portuguese  Languages,  1811.  ]2mo. 

•■  This  work  is  intended  for  those  learners  of  langu.ages  who, 
being  suddenly  called  abroad,  require  a  ready  precision  of  current 
words.  Mv  Boardman  rashly  combines  in  one  vocabulary  both 
northern  and  southern  words.  Ilis  German  c'.liinin  should  have 
been  omitted;  n  is  incorrectly  printed  and  hidi  rnosly  cirelcss. 
The  performance  displ.aysa  vervinconsideniMr  kii.o\leage  of  com- 
pai-ative  grammar." — Xoa.  Monthly  JReview,  Isl-. 

Boardman,  Thomas.  A  Dictionary  of  the  Veteri- 
nary Art.  Lon.,  1802-03,  4to. 

Boardman,  William.  System  of  Book-Keeping  on 
a  Plan  entirely  new.  Lon.,  1812.  4to. 

Boase,  Henry.  Letter  to  Lord  King  rel.  to  the 
Banks.  1804,  8vo.  Remarks  on  the  supposed  Deprecia- 
tion of  our  Currency,  Lon.,  1811,  8vo. 

Boase,  H.  S.,  Sec.  Roy.  Geol.  See.  of  CornwaU. 
Treatise  on  Primary  Geology,  1834,  8vo. 

"  An  admiraVde  work.  Dr.  Boase  has  anticipated  a  movement 
recently  communicated  to  geological  science  in  this  country,  which 
■would  certainly  have  told  by  its  effect  in  a  very  short  time.  His 
book  involves  some  of  the  most  refined  discussions  of  which  Geology 
is  susceptible,  and  we  cannot  but  express  our  ardent  admiration 
for  the  talent  and  research  which  it  displays."— ion.  Lili-rari/  <!az. 
Boate,  Gerard,  was  a  native  of  Holland,  but  we 
naturalize  him  for  his  services  as  Physicban  to  the  State  in 
Ireland,  and  his  excellent  work  entitled  Ireland's  Natural 
History,  pub.  by  Samuel  Hartlib,  Lon.,  1652,  12mo.  It 
was  trans,  into  French,  Paris,  1666,  12mo,  and  afterwards 
incorporated  into  a  Natural  History  of  Ireland,  by  several 
hands,  1726,  4to  ;  reprinted  1755,  with  a  new  Preface  and 
Index  of  Chapters,  4to. 

"  We  have  here  a  work  excellent  in  its  kind,  as  not  only  full  of 
truth  and  certainty,  but  written  with  much  judgiiieid.  order,  and 
exactness." — Bishop  Nicolsox  ;  Irisli  IIist"rir,il  Lihrnrt/. 

"  Although  some  of  his  accounts  are  imperfect,  and  his  topo- 
graphical errors  numerous,  it  is  wonderful  that  a  stranger  should 
have  accomplished  so  much,  and  at  least  run  aw.ay  with  the  ho- 
nour of  laying  the  foundation  of  the  natur.al  history  of  Ireland." 
Bobart,  Jacob.  Pub.  vol.  ii.  of  Morison's  Oxford 
History  of  Plants,  1699,  fid.  Effects  of  Great  Frost  on 
Trees  and  other  Plants,  Phil.  Trans..  1684. 

Bobbin,    Tim.      Miscell.    Works,    Manches.,    1775, 
12ino.     The  Passions.  1811,  4to.     See  Collier,  Joh.n-. 
Bockett,  J.     Pride  Exposed,  Lon.,  1710,  12mo. 
Boddington,    Mrs.       Sketches    in    the    Pyrenees. 
Slight  Reminiscences  of  the  Rhine.      The  Gossips  Week. 
Poems. 

"  A  volume  of  very  pleasing  poems.  .  .  .  We  have  not  room  for 
more  than  one  specimen,  but  its  elegant  simplicity  and  unexag- 
212 


BOD 

gerctcd  feeling  will  remind  our  readers  of  Rogers'sltaly  ;  and  we 
cannot  give  higher  praise."— Lon.  Times. 

"  (Jnr  luitboresB  is  a  genuine  painter,  having  feeling,  force,  beauty, 
imagination,  and  colouring." — Leigh  Hunt. 

Bode,  Rev.  J.  E.,  M.  A.    Ballads  from  Herodotns;  2d 

ed.,  L.iii..  lliino.  1858.  Short  Occasional  Poems, 16mo,  1858. 

Boden,  llev.  Mr.  Watt  refers  to  Williams,  Ret.  Dr. 

Boden,  Joseph.     Sermon,  Lon.,  1644,  8vo. 

Bodenham,  John,  an  industrious  compiler  of  other 

men's  labours,     temp.    Elizabeth.     Politeuphia,    or   Wit's 

Commonwealth.  Lon.,  1598;   18th  edit,  1661.     This  is  a 

collection  of  extracts  from  the  ancient  moral  philosophers. 

An  edit,  amended.  1644.     Pallidas  Tamia,  Wit's  Treasury, 

by  F.  Mercs,  forms  a  second  part.     Wit's  Theater  of  the 

Little  World,  Lon.,  1598;  again   1699,  16nio.     This  is  a 

compendium  of  historical  facts,  intended  to  suggest  philo- 

soiihic:il  refiections.     Wo  quote  from  a  copy  before  us  a 

portion  of  the  address  to  the  reader : 

"  The  profit  that  ariseth  by  reading  these  epitomized  histories  is 
to  emulate  that  which  thou  likest  in  others,  and  to  make  right 
vse  of  theyr  examples." 

Bodenham 's  compilations  are  very  rarely  to  bo  met  with. 
England's  Helicon,  1600,  4to.  This  is  a  collection  of  Eng- 
lish poetry  of  an  amatory  character.  It  will  be  found  re- 
printed entire  in  the  British  Bibliography,  vol.  iii.  120 
cojiies  were  printed  separately  at  £2  2s.  Bel-vedcre,  or  the 
Garden  of  the  Muses,  Lon.,  1600,  8vo;  reprinted,  1610, 
8vo,  with  the  omission  of  the  word  "Bel-vedcre."  Priced 
in  Bib.  Anglo-Poet.  edit.  1600,  £25;  1610,  £21.  Copious 
accounts  of  this  valuable  work  will  be  found  in  Drake's 
Shakspeare  and  his  Times,  vol.  i.,  and  in  Censura  Litera- 
ria,  vol.  i.  Eleven  poets  are  enumerated  in  the  Bel-vedere 
who  are  not  to  be  found  in  England's  Parnassus. 

'■  I  have  set  down  both  how,  whence,  and  where,  these  flowers 
had  their  first  springing,  till  thus  they  were  drawne  together  into 
the  M  uses  Garden ;  that  every  one  may  challenge  his  owne.  each 
plant  his  particular,  and  no  one  be  injured  iu  the  justice  of  his 
merit." — Pioemiuni  hy  tlie  compiler. 

"  It  will  be  seen  that  this  compilation  must  have  been  formed 
with  elaborate  attention,   and  that  it  must  necessarily  contain 
many  choice  and  sententious  flores  poetarum  Anglicanorum." — 
Ctvsura  Literaria. 
Bodington,  John.     On  Cant.  iii.  11,  1662,  12mo. 
Bodius,  or  Boyd,  Andrew.     Carmen  Panegyricum 
ad  Regem  Carolum  in  Scotiam  redientem,  Edin.,  1633,  4to. 
Bodins,  Marcus  Alexander.     See  Boyd,  M.  A. 
Bodius,  Robt.     Sec  Bovn,  Robert. 
Bodius,  Zacharias.     See  Bovd,  Zach. 
Bodley,  James,  M.D.     A  Critical  Essay  upon  the 
Works  of  Physicians,  Lon.,  1741,  8vo. 

Bodley,  Josias,  youngest  brother  of  Sir  Thomas 
Bodley,  wrote  Observations  concerning  the  fortresses  of 
Irelnn'il  and  the  British  Colonies  of  Ulster,  and  Jocular 
Description  of  a  Journey  taken  by  him  to  Lecale  in  Ul- 
ster, in  1602.     These  pieces  have  not  been  printed. 

Bodley,  Laurence,  b.  about  1546,  d.  1615.  a  younger 
brother  of  Sir  Thomas  Bodley.  and  a  benefactor  to  the 
Bodleian  Library,  was  a  graduate  of  Christ  Church  Col- 
lege, Oxford.  He  wrote  an  elegy  on  the  death  of  Bishop 
Jewel,  which  was  pub.  in  Humi>hrey's  Life  of  that  prelate. 
Bodley,  Sir  Thomas,  1544-1612,  the  illustrious 
founder  of  the  noble  Library  at  Oxford  which  bears  his 
name,  was  a  native  of  Dunscomb,  near  Crediton.  His 
birthday,  March  2d.  should  ever  be  honoured,  not  only 
by  the  sons  of  Oxford,  but  also  by  the  disciples  of  letters 
and  philosophy  in  all  parts  of  the  world.  His  father  being 
warmly  attached  to  the  Protestant  cause,  and,  therefore, 
obnoxious  to  the  favourites  of  Queen  Mary,  resided  for 
some  years  at  Geneva,  where  Thomas  attended  the  lectures 
of  Chevalier  on  Hebrew,  Bcroabl  on  Greek,  and  Calvin 
and  Beza  on  Divinity.  Returning  to 'England,  he  was  en- 
tered at  Magdalen  College  in  1559.  Hero  in  due  season 
he  became  lecturer  on  the  Greek  tongue,  reader  on  Natural 
Philosophy,  and  junior  proctor.  Leaving  college,  he  tra- 
velled for  nearly  four  years,  and  three  years  after  his  re- 
turn was  appointed  Esquire  of  the  Body  to  Queen  Eliza- 
beth. Ho  now  devoted  himself  to  diplomacy,  and  resided 
abroad  for  almost  the  whole  period  from  1585  to  1597. 
Having  retired  to  private  life,  he  determined  to  put  in  exe- 
cution a  long-cherished  plan,  to  found  in  Oxford  a  library 
worthy  of  the  reputation  of  that  ancient  seat  of  learning. 
Accordingly  he  made  a  proposition  to  this  effect  in  a  letter 
"from  London,  Feb.  23,  1597,"  to  Dr.  Ravis,  Vicc-Chnn- 
cellor  of  Oxon.  He  prefaces  his  noble  overture  with  the 
declaration  that 

"I  have  been  always  of  a  mind  that,  if  God,  of  his  goodness, 
should  make  me  able  to  do  any  thing  for  the  benefit  of  posterity. 
1  would  shew  some  token  of  afl"ection  that  I  have  evermore  borne 
to  the  studies  nf  good  learning." 

This  liberal  proposition  was  received  in  a  better  spirit 


BOD 

than   has  been  evinced  in  some  cases  of  a  like  nature  in  i 
our  own  day  by  certain  institutions  of  learning  in  Eng-  I 
land   and  America.     Bodley  encouraged  others  to  follow 
his  example,  and  the  harvest  was  so  plentiful   that  Sir  ; 
Thomas  determined  to  pull  down  the  old  fabric  and  **  build 
greater,"     On   the   19th  of  July.  1610,  he  laid   the  first  j 
stone  of  a  new  edifice,  which  he  did  nut  live  to  see  com-  . 
pleted.     In  1629  the  third  Earl  of  Pembroke  made  a  valua-  : 
ble  addition  to  the  Library,  of  several  hundreds  of  valuable 
Greek  MSS.      In   1623  Sir  Kenelm   Digby  added   to  its 
stores,  and  after  this  followed  the  precious  collections  of 
Laud,   Selden,   Francis    Junius,   and   many   others,      ^e 
presume  that  the  Bodleian  Library  numbers  this  day  (1854) 
not  less  than  250.000  volumes.    Sir  Thomas  wrote  his  Life 
in  1609,  which  was  pub.  Oxon.,  1647,  4to,  and  again  by 
Hearne  in  the  Reliriuiai  Bodleianae,  1763,  8vo,  including 
his  Letters  to  Br.  James,  &c.     Litterae  D.  The.  Bodleio, 
Ac.,  Ox.,  1658,  4to. 

"Out  of  234  Li'tters,  not  above  2  are  dated;  which  renders  the 
little  historical  mattt-r  in  them  of  less  value:  they  wholly  turn  on 
buyiniJ:  and  sortins  lionks,  building  the  library,  and  other  matters 
relatin;;  to  that  subject." — Cole. 

Dr.  Thomas  James  prepared  a  catalogue  of  the  Library 
pub.  1605,  *20,  '35,  '36.  It  then  contained  some  20,000 
articles.  The  reader  will  be  pleased  to  see  by  reference 
to  the  following  testimonies,  the  veneration  with  which 
the  character  of  Sir  Thomas  was  regarded  by  his  contem- 
poraries : 

Oratio  Funebris  habita  in  Schola  Theologica  in  Obitum 
clariss.  Eijuitis  Tho.  Bodley.  Oxon.  1613,  4to.  This  ora- 
tion (by  Js.  Wake)  is  reprinted  in  Dr.  Will.  Bates's  Vitie 
seleetorum  aliquot  vinirum.  Justa  Funebria  Ptoleratei 
Oxoniensis,  Thomge  Bodleii  Equitto  avriiti,  celebrata  in 
Academia  Oxoniensi.  Mensis  Martii29, 1613  ;  Oxon.,1613, 
4to.  This  collection  of  funeral  verses  eontiiins  contribu- 
tions by  Archliishop  Laud,  Robert  Burton,  author  of  the 
Anatomy  of  Mehmcholy,  Isaac  Casaubon.  Ac. 

Bodleiommena;  seu  Carmina  et  Oi*ationcs  in  Obitus  ejus, 
Oxon.,  1613,  4to.  For  an  account  of  Catalogues,  &c.  of 
the  Bodleian  Library,  see  Lowndes's  Bibl.  Manual,  and 
Sims's  Hand  Book  to  the  British  Museum,  Lou.,  1854. 

"  Thomas  Itodley,  another  Ptolemy,  thouj^h  no  writtM-  worth  the 
remembnince.  yet  hath  he  been  the  greatest  |irnmi.t<'r  of  learning 
that  hath  yet  appeared  in  our  nation." — Anth.inv  \\'noD. 

'■  View  this  illustrious  bibliomaniac,  with  his  :j:iMitlianan-liUeair, 
and  expressive  countenance,  superintending^',  with  the  zeal  of  a 
Custom-house  ofhcer,  the  shipping,  or  ratli<T  Ixin/m;/,  of  his  bonks 
for  the  grand  library  which  is  now  called  by  hisihw  Name!  Think 
upon  his  activity  in  writing  to  almost  every  distinguished  charac- 
ter of  the  realm:  solii-iting,  ur>ring.  entreating  for  their  support 
towards  his  magnificent  establishment :  and,  moreover.superintend- 
ing  the  erection  of  the  building,  as  well  as  examining  the  timbers 
with  the  nicety  of  a  master-carpenter  I  Think  of  this:  and  when 
you  walk  under  the  grave  and  appropriately-ornamented  roof, 
which  tt'lls  you  that  you  are  within  the  precincts  of  the  Bodleian 
Library,  pay  obeisance  to  the  portrait  of  the  founder,  and  hold 
converse  with  his  gentle  spirit  that  dwells  therein." — Dibdiri's 
Bihlumiavia. 

It  is  an  interesting  fact  that  two  of  the  first  scholars  of 
their  respective  periods,  Isaac  Casaubon  and  Philip  Bliss, 
the  one  in  1613  and  theotherabout  1813,  acknowledge  thetr 
obligations  to  the  noble  founder  of  the  Bodleian  Library  : 

"  As  long  as  I  remained  at  Oxford,  T  passed  whok-  days  in  the 
Library :  for  books  cannot  be  taken  out,  but  the  library  is  open  to 
all  scholars  for  seven  or  eight  hours  every  day.  You  might  al- 
ways see  therefore  many  of  these,  greedily  enjoying  the  banquet 
prepared  for  them,  which  gave  me  no  small  pleasure." — Casauh. 
Eput.  S99,  in  HallamS  Lit.  of  Europ>:. 

*'  It  is  surely  unnecessary  to  repeat  the  praises  of  such  a  man 
as  Sir  Thomas  Bodley,  a  man  whose  name  ivill  only  perish  with 
that  of  bis  country.  The  obligations  which  literature  owes  to  the 
exertions  of  this  individual  can  only  be  estimated  by  those  who 
have  opportunity  as  well  as  occasion  to  consult  the  inestimable 
treasures  he  beijueathed  to  the  place  of  his  education.  And  it  is 
with  a  niin^rlcd  sensation  of  gratitude  and  pride,  that  the  Editor 
of  these  Atuen.e  acknowledges  the  assistance  he  receives  from  the 
Bodleian  Lirrary,  an  institution  which  he  boldly  asserts  to  be  the 
most  useful  as  well  as  the  most  magnificent  iu  the  universe." — 
Athen.  Oxon..  Bliss's  Etlit. 

During  the  two  centuries  which  had  elapsed  since  Isaac 
Casaubon  gratefully  acknowledged  that  literary  solace 
which  enabled  him.  a  wanderer  in  a  strange  land,  to  for- 
get for  a  time  the  apostasy  of  his  first-born  and  the  mur- 
der of  his  king,  how  many  of  the  sons  of  science  thirsting 
for  knowledge  bad  drank  deep  at  that  fountain  of  learn- 
ing.— and  jironounced  benedictions  on  tbe  wise  master- 
builder  of  that  classic  temple  dedieatt^d  to  intellectual 
progress — The  Bodleian  Library  at  Oxford! 

Bodrugan,  Nicholas,  alias  Adams.  Epitome  of 
the  Title  that  the  Kj'nges  Majestic  of  Englande  hath  to 
the  Povereigntie  of  Scotland.  Continued  upon  the  nncient 
"Writers  of  both  Nations  from  the  beginnynge.  Dedicated 
to  King  Edward  VI.,  Lon.,  1516,  8vo.  White  Knight's 
sale,  X8  15e. 


BOG 

Boethius,  Boece,  or  Boeis,  Hector,  b.  about 
1470,  d.  about  1660  ?  was  a  native  of  Dundee,  in  the  shire 
of  Angus.  After  a  course  of  study  at  Dundee  and  Aber- 
deen, he  continued  his  education  at.  the  University  of  Paris. 
Elpbinston.  Bishop  of  Aberdeen,  founded  in  thatcity  about 
1500,  the  King's  College,  and  sent  for  Boethius  to  return 
and  take  the  post  of  principal,  which  call  he  obeyed.  Upon 
the  death  of  the  bishop,  Boethius  wrote  his  life,  and  the 
lives  of  his  predecessors  in  that  Pee.  This  work  is  enti- 
tled Vita?  Episcoporum  Murtblacensium  etAberdonensium, 
Paris,  1522,  4to.  The  list  commences  with  Beanus,  the 
first  bishop,  and  ends  with  Gawin  Dunbar,  who  was  bishop 
when  the  book  was  published.  Boethius  now  undertook 
to  write,  also  in  Latin,  a  history  of  Scotland,  commencing 
with  remote  antiquity,  and  ending  with  the  death  of  James 
I.  The  iirst  edition  w.as  pub.  at  Paris,  in  1526.  4to,  under 
the  title  of  Scotorum  Historia  ab  illius  Geutis  Origine.  Of 
this  edit,  there  were  but  17  books.  The  author  continued 
to  enlarge  and  improve  it  until  his  death  about  1551*. (?)  An- 
other edit,  was  pub.  in  Paris  iu  1574,  folio,  containing  18 
books,  and  part  of  a  lUth,  added  by  Boethius,  and  a  con- 
tinuation by  John  Ferrier.  a  Piedmontese.  bringing  down 
the  history  to  the  reign  of  James  III.  This  History  was 
trans,  by  order  of  James  V.,  by  John  Ballendcn,  under 
which  name  tbe  reader  will  find  an  account  of  the  version 
referred  to.  So  rare  are  copies  of  the  original  trans,  that 
the  lloxburghe  copy  sold  for  £65,  and  the  Towneley  copy 
for  £85.  Sir  Walter  Scott  edited  a  reprint,  (200  copies,) 
Edin.,  1821,  2  vols.  4to.  Ballenden's  translations  are  con- 
sidered to  be  the  finest  specimens  of  the  old  Scottish  lan- 
guage extant.  Boethius  has  been  more  praised  and  blamed 
than  most  autliors  ; 

-Of  all  Scots  histonans.  next  to  Buchanan,  Boethius  has  been 
the  most  ivnsnred  and  commended  by  the  learned  men  who  have 
mentioned  him." — Mackknzie. 

"  Iu  tbe  first  six  books  there  are  a  great  many  particulars  not  to 
be  found  iu  Fordun,  or  any  other  writer  now  extant ;  unless  the 
authors  which  ho  pretends  ti>  have  s.-i-n  be  hereafter  discovered, 
he  will  continue  to  be  shrew<lly  sus)ipcted  for  the  contrivance  of 
almost  as  many  tales  as  Geoffrey  of  Mfinmouth." — Bp.  Nicolson. 

*■  In  the  ISth  book  he  has  treated  of  things  in  so  comprehensive 
a  manner,  that  no  one  could  have  done  it  more  fully  or  signifi- 
cantly on  the  same  subject." — Ferrier. 

■•  liis  style  has  all  the  purity  of  Ca'sar's,  and  is  so  nervous  both 
in  the  reflections  and  diction,"that  he  seems  to  have  absolutely  en- 
tered into  the  spirit  of  Livy,  and  made  it  his  own.'* 

"■  He  was  a  man  of  an  extraordinary  happy  genius,  and  of  great 
elorinence." — Erasmiis.  an  intimate  friend. 

"  lie  was  a  frreat  master  of  polite  learning,  well  skilled  in  di- 
vinity, pliilosiiphy.  and  history;  but  somewhat  credulous,  and 
muili  adiiii  trd  in  the  belief  of  legendary  stories." 

"  lie  UKiy  bi'  justly  reverenced  as  one  of  tbe  revivers  of  elegant 
learning.  The  style  of  Boethius.  though,  perhaps,  not  always 
ri-iorously  pure,  is  formed  with  great  diligence  upon  ancient  mo- 
dels, and  wholly  uninfected  with  monastic  barbarity.  His  history 
is  writtt-n  with  elegance  and  vigour,  but  his  fabulousness  and  cre- 
dulity are  justly  blamed.  Ilis  fabulousness,  if  he  was  the  author 
of  fictions,  is  a  fault  for  which  no  apology  can  be  made;  but  his 
credulity  may  lie  excused  in  an  age  when  all  men  were  credulous.'' 
— I>r.Johnsoh\'!:  Tour  in  .Scnflaiid,  which  see;  also  Mackenzie's  Lives; 
Biog.    Brit.;   Nicolson's  Hist.  Library ;  Chalmers's  Biog.  Diet. 

Bo^an,  Zachary,  1025-1659.  an  English  Puritan, 
educated  at  St.  Alban's  Hall,  and  Corpus  Christi  College, 
Oxford,  wrote  Additions  to  Rous's  Archseologiae  Attieae, 
tbe  5th  edit,  of  which  was  pub.  Oxf.,  1658,  4to;  View  of 
Scriptural  Threats  and  Punishments,  Oxf.,  165.S,  Svo; 
Meditations,  &c.,  1653,  Svo;  Help  to  Prayer,  1650,  12mo; 
and  a  work  pub.  1658,  Svo,  drawing  comparisons  between 
the  writings  of  Homer  and  the  Holy  Scriptures. 

"The  design  of  this  learned,  and  now  rare,  philological  work, 
is  to  point  out  the  similarity  of  many  forms  of  expression  in  Uomer 
to  those  which  occur  in  Scripture." — Obme. 

"■The  author  states  that  it  is  not  his  intention  to  institute  any 
cnmpari.TOn  between  the  sacred  writers  and  their  opinions  and 
ITomer,  but  simply  between  their  idioms  and  ways  of  speaking." — 

T.  H.  IIORNE. 

Bogan  added  Hesiodius,  Ac,  t^  .=:how  how  Hesiod  ex- 
presses himself  very  nearly  in  the  same  manner  as  Homer. 

Bo;E;art,  Alexander  H.,  1S04-1826.  an  American 
poet,  died  before  he  had  contributed  any  thing  of  conse- 
quence to  the  literature  of  the  country. 

Bo^nrt^  Elizabeth,  a  native  and  resident  of  New 
York,  is  a  daughter  of  tbe  Rev.  David  S.  Bogart  of  that 
city.  Under  tbe  signature  of  Esteli-e,  Miss  Bogart  has 
contributed  many  articles  to  The  New  York  Mirror  and 
other  periodicals.  Four  of  her  prose  tales  have  been  ho- 
noured by  prizes.  Few  pieces  of  American  poetry  deserve 
higher  commendation  than  the  pathetic  lines,  "  He  cornea 
too  hite,"  &c. 

Bogsj,  Edward,  Geology  of  Lincolnshire  Wolds, 
Trans.^KeoI.  Soe.,  ISlfi. 

Bojgiie,  David,  1750~1S25.  n  Pissentingminister,  edu- 
cat<;d  at  the  University  of  Edinburgh,  was  pastor  of  an 

213 


Bon 

Independent  congreg:ation  at  Gosport  fur  fifty  years,  and 
head  of  the  academy  established  by  Mr.  Welch,  a  banker, 
for  educating  young  men  to  the  ministry.  An  Essay  on 
the  Divine  Authority  of  the  N.  Testament,  Lon.,  1S02,  8vo; 
several  edits.,  and  trans,  into  French. 

"It  is  one  of  the  best  works  for  its  size  on  the  eTidences  of 
Christianity,  and  as  an  introdurtion  to  the  New  Testament.  .  .  . 
The  sentiments  are  exctrllent.  the  lanpuage  perspicuous,  and  the 
reasoniiiu  co;fent  and  conviucinji." — ()itME. 

A  Catechism  trans,  from  the  French,  Lon.,  1807,  12mo. 
A  Sermon,  Hendon,  1S08.  History  of  the  Dissenters,  from 
the  Revolution  in  1689  to  the  year  ISOS  ;  in  conjunction 
with  Mr.  Bennett;  1809,  3  vols.  Svo;  in  4  vols.  Svo,  1812. 
This  work  was  intended  to  form  a  continuation  of  Neal's 
History  of  the  Puritans. 

"  It  is  far  superior  to  Nt-al's  History  both  in  point  of  execution 
and  general  iuti-rest.  The  orinio  and  progress  of  Dissent  is  a  su>v 
ject,  however,  that  still  waits  to  enga-^e  the  interest  of  some  phi- 
losophical historian." — Dr.  Jamuson's  Ci/c.  If.  Biog. 

"In  Bog ue  and  Bennett's  History  there  is  a  bias  in  favour  of 
Dissenters:  it  is  bitter  against  Churchmen."— Uickersteth. 

Discourses  on  the  Minennium,2  vols.,  1813-16. 

"These  discourses  are  not  exegetical  or  argumentative,  but  en- 
tirely practical  and  devotional."— Lowndes. 

"There  are  some  just  remarks  on  the  work  in  Tint's  New  Illus- 
tration of  Prophecy."— BiCKERSTETH. 

"It  is  a  judicious,  pious,  and  seasonable  work.  A  work  for  which 
there  is  reason  to  belii-ve  that  mankind  will  be  the  better,  and 
with  which  a  good  man  may  honourably  finish  the  toils  of  authoi-- 
Bhip." — Lon.  Ei'leciic  Revi£\ 


BOK 

number  of  works.  1683-91:  we  notice  a  few.  A  Defenca 
of  Sir  Robert  Filmer,  Lon.,  1684.  The  History  of  the 
Desertion,  [of  James  11..]  1689,  Svo.  The  Justice  of  Peace's 
Calling,  1BS4.  A  geographical  Dictionary,  1688,  Svo; 
1691,  Svo;  continued  by  Bernard,  1693.  folio.  The  Life 
of  Bishop  Jewel,  16S5.  The  Great  Historical,  Geographi- 
cal, and  Poetical  Dictionary,  1694,  fol.  Character  of 
Queen  Elizabeth,  1693,  Svo;  trans,  into  French,  Haye, 
1695,  Svo.  He  trans.  Sleiden's  Hist,  of  the  Reformation, 
Puffeudorf 's  Present  State  of  Germany,  Wheare's  Method 
of  Reading  History,  1698,  Svo,  and  some  other  works. 

Mr.  S.  Wiltou  Rix  promises  us  a  volume,  to  be  entitled 
The  Diary  and  Autobiography  of  Edmund  Bohun,  Esq. 
from  a  MS.  in  the  p.jssession  of  Richard  Bohun,  Esq. 
Bohuu,  R.  The  Wind,  Hurricanes.  Ac,  Oxf.,  1671,  Svo 
Bohun,  William,  of  the  Middle  Temple.  Privilcgia 
Londini,  or  the  Rights,  Lilierties,  Privileges,  Laws,  and 
Customs  of  the  City  of  London,  Lon.,  1702,  Svo;  3d  edit, 
with  additions.  1723,  Svo.  Cursus  Cancellariw,  Ac,  1715, 
Svo.     Mr.  B.  pub.  other  leg.il  treatises,  Ac.  1702-33. 

Boileaii,  D.  An  Essay  on  the  Study  of  Statistics, 
containing  a  Syllabus  for  Lectures,  Ac,  1S07,  12mo.  Let- 
ters, Ac  from  the  French,  1809,  2  vols.  12mo.  Introduc- 
tion to  the  Study  of  Political  (Economy,  or  An  Elementary 
View  of  the  manner  in  which  the  Wealth  of  Nations  is 
produced,  increased,  distriljuted,  and  consumed,  ISll,  Svo. 
Inquiry  into  the  various  Systems  of  Political  fficonomy ; 
their  advantages  and  disadvantages  ;  and  the  Theory  most 


Bohn,  Henry  G.,  an  enterprising J^ondonpubMsher    f(j,.ou„Me  to °the  Increase  of  Nation'al  Wealth;  trans,  from 

-.  -  the  French  of  Ganilch,  1S12,  Svo.  Boileau  edited  the  Me- 
moirs. Ac.  of  the  Baron  de  Grimm  et  Diderot,1813, 4vols.8vo. 

Bois,  Latin,  Boisius.     See  Boys,  John. 

Boise,  James  R.  Exercises  in  Greek  Prose  Compo- 
sition, adapted  to  the  First  Book  of  Xenophon's  Anabasis 
New  York,  12mo. 

''  We  regard  it  as  one  peculiar  excellence  of  this  book,  that  it  pre- 
supposes both  the  diligent  schoL^r  and  the  painstaking  teacher."— 
CliHstian  Register. 

Boker,  George  H.,  b.  1824,  is  a  native  of  Philadel- 
phia, the  son  of  Charles  S.  Boker,  Esq.,  President  of  the 
Girard  Bank  of  that  city.  At  nineteen  years  of  age,  Mr. 
Boker  graduated  B.A.  at  Nassau  Hall,  Princeton  College, 
New  Jersey.  After  travelling  for  some  time  in  England 
and  on  the  Continent,  Mr.  B.  returned  to  Philadelphia, 
where  he  now  resides.  He  first  appeared  as  an  author  in 
1847,  when  he  pub.  The  Lesson  of  Life,  and  other  Poems. 

"  In  this  were  indications  of  a  uianly  temper  and  a  cultiv.tted 
mind,  but  it  had  the  customary  faults  of  youthful  compo.sitions 
in  occasional  feebleness  of  epithet,  indistinctness,  diffusiveness, 
and  a  certain  kind  of  i-omantirism.  that  betrays  a  want  of  experi- 
ence of  the  world." — It.  W.  Griswold  :  Ftiels  and  I't'ttry  of  America. 

"  It  contains  m.%ny  pleasing  passages,  yet  frequently  shows  a 
want  of  care  aud  finish  in  the  execution.  A  pure  and  elevated 
tone  of  sentiment  jK'rvades  it  throughout,  and  it  embodies  enough 
of  poetic  thou^'ht,  wei-e  the  poem  compressed  to  half  its  present 
length,  to  make  it  a  production  of  a  high  order  of  merit." — Liti^ 
vary  }Vtrfld,  ii.  560. 

Mr.  Boker  now  turned  his  attention  to  the  drama,  and 
in  184S  produced  Calaynos,  a  Tr.agedy,  which  was  played 


and  bibliopole,  of  German  parentage,  was  h.  in  London, 
about  the  year  ISOO,  and  is  favourably  known  as  the  editor 
of  Bibliotheca  Parriana  and  the  translator  of  some  jiieces 
from  the  German.  Mr.  Lynes  thus  handsomely  aclinow- 
ledgesMr.B.'s  intelligent  labours  in  the  former  capacity: 

■'  This  Preface  must  not  be  concluded,  without  a  distiuct  ac- 
knowledgment of  the  obligations  incurred  to  Mr.  Bohn.  jun.,  for 
the  great  labour  which  he  h!is  bestowed  iu  compiling  this  work, 
as  well  .IS  for  the  judgment  and  knowledge  which  he  has  shewn 
in  correcting  errors  occasioned  by  the  indistinct  handwriting  of 
Dr.  Parr,  or  the  blunders  of  his  various  amanuenses." — Jo/m 
Lynes,  Reclory.  Elm>ty  LmeU,  21s(  Muij,  1827 ;  Preface  to  Biblio- 
tbjtca  rarriaua.  „-     ,        ,t»   ,.    » 

Mr.  B.  translated  vol.  iv.  of  Schiller  s  Works,  (Bohn  s 
Library,)  containing  The  Robbers,  Ac;  also,  A  Polyglott 
of  Foreign  Proverbs  :  comprising  French,  Italian,  German, 
Dutch,  Spanish,  Portuguese,  and'  Dani.sh.  Compiled  Hand- 
Book  of  Games.  Ed.  Addison's  Works,  6  vols. ;  Lowndes's 
Bibliographer's  Manual,  enlarged  with  revisions  and  cor- 
rections, in  8  Pts.,  forming  4  vols.,  1857-5S,  Ac.  Mr.  B. 
observes, 

"  The  publication  was  undertaken  more  as  a  boon  to  his  confreres 
and  to  literary  men  than  as  an  object  of  mercantile  profit;  and  he 
trusts  it  will  be  received  as  such." 

But  Mr.  Bohn's  M.iGSUM  Opos  is  his  "monster"  Guinea 
Catalogue,  Lon.,  1841,  enormously  thick  nondescripto,  Teu- 
tonic shape.  Tub  model !  But  the  London  Literary  Ga- 
zette gave  so  graphic  a  description  of  this  plethoric  tomo 
on  its  first  appearance,  that  we  can  do  no  better  than  quote 
it  in  lieu  of  any  sketch  of  our  own : 


Mr.  Bohn  has  outdone  all  former  doings  in  the  same  line,  and     with  great  success  both  in  America  and  England, 
given  us  a  liter.arv  curiosity  of  remarkable  character.    The  volume  ,      a  j^  is  a  clear  and  cLlssic  piece  of  composition,  reminding  one,  by 
is  the  siiuattest  and  the  fattest  we  ever  saw.^^  It  is  an  alderman  i  jjg  elevated  purity  of  tone,  of  Taltburd's  Ion,  though  it  is  marked 


among  books,  and  not  a  very  tiiU  one:  and  then,  alderman-like, 
its  inside  is  richly  stuffi-d  with  a  multitudeofgond  things.  Why, 
there  is  a  list  of  more  th.-^n  ■i;'..000  ;irti'-les,  and  the  pages  reach  to 
1948!  .  .  .  This  catalogue  has  '-ost  bim  an  outlay  of  upwards  of 
£2000.  and  it  describes  ."ioo.ooo  vuluioes;  a  stock  which  could  hardly 
be  valued  at  much  less  than  a  ].Iuni." 

The  s.ame  excellent  periodical  describes  another  booli 


seller's  catalogue  under  notice  as  "  a  shrimp,  comp.arc  J  with    gedy,  [1850,] 


by  much  greater  dramatic  spirit  and  power  than  that  didactic 
drama.  .  .  .  Calaynos.  without  any  adventitious  recommendation, 
unheralded  by  a  popular  name,  and  unaided  by  a  popular^  theme, 
was  eminently  successful,  not  only  in  this  country,  but  in  Eng- 
land, and  immediately  placed  its  author  in  the  front  rank  of  liv- 
ing dramatists." — Koiiert  T.  Conrad. 

Mr.  Boker's  next  production  was  Anne  Boleyn,  a  Tra- 


Mr.  Bohn's  lug  fish.'' 

Having  long  made  Bibliography  our  special  study,  we 
may  be  allowed  to  express  the  opinion  that  the  Guinea  Cata- 
logue is  an  invaluable  lexicon  to  any  literary  man,  and  ten 
guineas  would  be  a  che.ap  price  for  awork  calcidatcd  to  save 
time  by  its  convenience  for  reference,  and  money  by  its 
stores  of  information  as  to  the  liter.ary  aud  pecuniary  value 
of  coveted  tomes.    As  an  eminent  benefactor  to  the  reading 


Which  in  many  respects  surpasses  CaLiynos,  evincing  more 
skill  in  the  use  of  iangujige,  more  force  iu  the  display  of  passion, 
and  a  finer  vein  of  poetical  feeling,  with  the  same  admirable  con- 
trast of  character,  and  unity  and  directness  of  conduct." — K.  W 
Griswolo. 

To  this  succeeded  The  Betrothal ;  Leonor  de  Guzman,  a 
Tragedy;  and  Francesca  da  Rimini.  The  limited  space  to 
which  we  are  confined  prevents  any  examination  into  the 
merits  of  these  compositions.      Plays  and  Poems,  BosL, 


pulilic,  by  the  republication  in  a  cheap  form  of  costly  and  jgjg_  j  vols.  12mo. 
valuable  works,  as  the  projector  of  the  Standard  Library,  j  „  i^'j^^  |,]„^  „f  jjjj  images  is  chastened  by  a  noble  simplicity, 
130  vols  Scientific  Lib.,  Illustrated  Lib.,  Lib.  of  French  l  keeping  them  within  the  line  of  human  sympathy  and  natural 
Memoirs,  Lib.  of  Extra  Volumes,  Classical  Lib.,  (consisting  ■  expression.  He  has  fniiowed  tlie  masters  of  dramatic  writmg>yith 
of  translations  of  the  Greek  and  Latin  Classics,)  Antiqna-  '  rare  judgment,     lie  also  excels  many  g,fted_poets  of  h,s  class  m_  a 


rian  Lib.,  Philologico-Philosophical  Lib.,  Historical  Lib., 
Libriiry  of  British  Classics,  Ecclesiastical  Lib.,  Miniature 
Lib.,  and  Cheap  Series, — numbering  in  all  upwards  of  five 
hundred  volumes, — Mr.  Bohn  does  not  need  our  praise,  but 
he  cannot  refuse  our  gratitude. 

Bohun,  Edmund,  d.  about  1702?  admitted  Fellow- 
commoner  of  Queen's  Ccdlcge.  Cambridge,  in  1663,  sub- 
sequently served  as  a  Justice  of  the  Peace.     He  pub.  a 
211 


quality  essential  to  an  acted  play— spirit.  To  the  tragic  ability  he 
unites  aptitude  for  the  easy,  colloquial,  and  jocose  dLiloguc,  such 
as  must  intervene  in  the  genuine  Shaksperian  dr.ama,  to  give  re- 
lief and  additirjnal  effect  to  high  emotion.  His  language,  also, 
rises  often  to  the  highest  point  of  energy,  pathos,  and  beauty." — 
II.  T.  TuCKERMAN :  Characferi.^tics  of  Literature.  2d  Series. 

"The  ai'e  has  not  produced  a  poem  more  graceful  than  The  Po- 
desta's  Bau"liter.  nor  scarcely  one  so  distinguished  for  its  simple 
and  genuine,  but  deep  and  thrilling,  pathos.  The  reader  who  can 
forbear  to  drop  upon  the  page  the  tribute  of  a  tear  to  the  gentle  Giulia, 


BOL 


BOL 


'  Sweeter  far 
Than  roKe  or  lily,  violet  or  vine, 
Thou|j;h  they  could  gather  all  their  charms  in  one.' 
would  weep  ibr  nothing;.     Can  the  literature  of  our  land  boast  any 
tbiup  more  purely  ori^'inal.  more  luxuriantly  imajjinative,  than 
The  Ivory  Oirvt:rf     His  ^mg  of  the  Earth,  also,  is  bold,  animated, 
and  displays  wonderful  power;  and  I  have  a  Cottage  is  not  sur- 
passed, as  a  specimen  of  descriptive  sweetness  and  beauty,  in  our  own 
or  in  any  laii^^uage." — R.  T.  Coniwd:  Graham's  Mag.,  Sliuch,  1854. 

Bolafley,  H.V.  First  Step  to  Hebrew. Lon.,1811,12mo. 

Bolaiue,  N.     Remarks  ou  Inoculation,  1754,  Svo. 

Bold,  Henry?  of  New  College,  Oxford.  Wit  a  Sport- 
ing, I'c,  Lou.,  1662,  Svo.  Poems,  1664,  8vo.  Latiue 
Songs  with  their  English,  <fec.,  16S5,  Svo. 

'*  He  was  excellent  at  translating  the  most  difficult  and  crabbed 
Eui;lish  into  Latiu  verse." — Atfien.  Oxon. 

Bold,  Johu,  1679-1757,  a  native  of  Leicester,  was 
raatriculateil  at  St.  John's  College,  Cambriilge,  and,  enter- 
ing into  holy  orders,  took  the  curacy  of  Stony  Staunton, 
Leicestershire,  where  he  zealously  laboured  on  a  small  pit- 
tance for  about  fifty  years.  He  wrote — 1.  The  Sin  and 
Danger  of  Neglecting  the  Public  Service  of  the  Church, 
1745,  Svo.  2.  Religion  the  most  Delightful  Employment. 
3.  The  Duty  of  Worthy  Communicating. 

"  He  had  talents  that  might  have  rendered  him  conspicuous 
anywhere,  and  an  impressive  and  correct  delivery.  .  .  .  He  ap- 
pears from  the  early  age  of  24  years  to  have  formed  his  plan  of 
making  himself  a  living  sacrifice  for  the  benefit  of  his  flock." 

Bold,  or  Bolde,  Samuel,  of  Steeple,  and  Vicar  of 
Shapwicke,  Dorsetshire,  pub.  a  number  of  theological 
treatises,  1687-1736.  A  second  Examination  of  Dr.  Com- 
ber's Scholastical  History  of  Liturgies,  Lon..  1691,  4to. 
Observations  and  Tracts  of  Defence  of  Locke's  Essay,  Ac, 
and  Reasonableness  of  Christianity,  1G93,  12mo;  1706, 
Svo.     An  Helpe  in  Devotion,  1736.  Svo. 

Bolde,  Thomas.  Rhetoric  Restrained,  or  Dp.  Gau- 
den  on  the  Liturgy  considered  and  clouded,  1660,  4to. 

Boles,  Katherine.     On  Ruptures,  Lon.,  1726,  Svo. 

Bolieii.      Protestants  on  the  safe  side.  Lon.,  1687,  4to. 

Boliiigbroke,  Henry  St.  John,  Visconnt,  167S- 
1751,  was  the  only  son  nf  Sir  Henry  St.  John,  of  Lydiard 
Tregoze,  iu  Wiltshire,  Baronet,  by  Mary,  sert)nd  daughter, 
and  coheiress  of  Robert  Rich,  third  Earl  of  Warwick,  of 
that  family.  Henry  was  born  at  Battersca,  in  Surrey, 
October  1,  167S, — though  1672  has  often  l>een  erroneously 
assigned  as  the  date  of  his  birth.  He  was  brought  up 
under  the  eye  of  his  grandmother,  a  Presbyterian,  who 
placed  him  under  the  tutorship  of  the  celebrated  Puritan 
preacher,  Daniel  Burgess,  who  residetl  in  the  family. 
Bolingbroke  tells  Pope,  long  afterwards,  at  the  end  of  the 
epistle  to  Sir  W.  Wyndham,  that  he  was  obliged,  while  yet 
a  boy,  to  read  over  the  commentaries  of  Dr.  Manton,  whose 
"Pride  it  was  to  have  made  an  hundred  and  nineteen  sermons 
on  the  hundred  and  nineteenth  Psalm." 

At  Eton  he  became  acquainted  with  Sir  Robert  Walpole, 
and  a  rivalship  here  commenced  which  continued  through 
life.  He  removed  from  Eton  to  Christ  Church,  Oxford, 
where,  as  subsequently,  he  was  distinguished  for  his 
talents,  brilliancy  of  conversation,  fascinating  manners, 
and  remarkable  personal  beauty.  He  left  college  only  to 
continue  a  course  of  the  wildest  profligacy,  which  caused 
his  parents,  with  the  hope  of  his  reformation,  to  bring 
about  a  match  between  the  dissolute  youth  and  the 
daughter  and  coheiress  of  Sir  Henry  Winchescomb.  This 
experiment,  to  reform  a  rake  by  the  sacrifice  of  an  inno- 
cent female,  ended  as  such  ventures  generally  do.  In  a 
short  time  they  separated,  and  were  never  again  united. 
During  his  exile  she  died  iu  England,  and  in  1720  Boling- 
broke espoused  the  widowed  Marchioness  de  Villette,  a 
niece  of  Madame  Maintenon.  They  lived  together  for 
thirty  years,  and  he  survived  her  only  about  a  year.  In 
1700  he  was  chosen  to  represent  the  borough  of  Wootton 
B;i8?et  in  Parliament.  In  1704  he  became  Secretary  of 
War,  and  held  this  post  for  three  years,  resigning  in  1707, 
when  Harley  was  dismissed  from  office.  In  1710,  upon 
the  fall  of  the  Godolphin  administration,  Harley  came 
into  power,  and  St.  John  became  Secretary  of  State.  In 
1712  he  was  created  Viscount  Bolingbroke,  and  exhibited 
great  chagrin  at  not  being  raised  to  an  earldom.  His 
father's  congratulation  ou  his  new  honours  was  something 
of  the  oddest  : 

'•  Ah,  Harry."  said  he,  "  T  ever  said  you  would  be  hanged;  hut 
now  I  find  you  will  he  heJieaded!" 

The  accession  of  George  I.  interposed  an  effectual  bar- 
rier to  the  ambition  of  the  courtier.  Addison  was  made 
foreign  secretary,  and  the  Whigs  determined  to  impeach 
Bolingbroke  of  high  treason.  Satisfied  that  his  life  was 
aimed  at  by  his  enemies,  he  fled  in  disguise.  March  25, 
1715,  to  Calais.  By  invitation  of  Charles  Stuart,  he  visited 
him  at  Lorraine,  and  accepted  the  post  of  his  Secretary 


of  State,  which  caused  his  impeachment  and  attainder. 
In  1723  he  was  permitted  to  return  home,  and  his  estates 
were  restored  to  him,  but  the  House  of  Lords  was  still 
closed  against  him.  He  now,  in  conjunction  with  Wynd- 
ham and  Pulteney,  who  were  in  Pailiament.  commenced  a 
tierce  war  against  Sir  Robert  Walpole,  which  lasted  for  ten 
years.  The  Craftsman,  by  Caleb  D'Auvers,  was  the  vehicle 
of  their  vigorous  and  bitter  attacks.  Such  was  the  ])n]iu- 
larity  of  this  paper,  which  commenced  Dec,  5,  1725,  and 
extended  to  Uvols.  12mo,  that  1(1,000  to  12,000  copies  were 
sometimes  sold  in  one  day.  In  1736  he  again  visited 
Franco,  where  he  resided  until  the  death  of  his  father,  iu 
1742,  when  ho  retired  to  the  family  seat  at  Battersea  for 
the  rest  of  his  earthly  existence,  which  was  terminated  by 
a  cancer  in  the  face  in  1751. 

The  notorious  David  Mallet  was  his  lordship's  literary 
legatee,  and  in  1754  he  pub.  an  edition  of  his  works  in  5 
vols.  4to.  To  these  2  vols.  4to,  of  Correspondence,  State 
Papers.  <&o.,  were  added  by  G.  Parke,  in  I79S.  In  some 
of  the  Essays  in  the  collected  edition  appeared  those  skep- 
tical opinions  which  had  been  less  boldly  advanced  in  hia 
lifetime.  During  his  life  there  appeared  a  Letter  to  Swift, 
1715,  fob;  the  Representation,  1715,  4to ;  His  Case,  1715, 
Svo;  Dissertations  upon  Parties,  1735,  4to  ;  these  Disser- 
tations, together  with  the  Letters  in  the  Study  and  Use  of 
History,  first  appeared  in  the  Craftsman  ;  Remarks  on  the 
History  of  England,  1743,  Svo;  Letters  on  the  Spirit  of 
Patriotism  ;  on  the  Idea  of  a  Patriot  King,  and  on  the 
State  of  Parties  at  the  Accession  of  George  I.,  1749,  Svo. 
The  Idea  of  a  Patriot  King  had  been  intrusted  to  Pope, 
who  had  printed  and  circulated  many  more  copies  than 
the  author  intended.  His  story  is  well  known,  and  need 
not  now  be  repeated.  Mallet  was  employed  to  edit  the 
edition  pub.  1740,  and  the  Advertisement,  severely  reflect- 
ing ni>on  Pope,  has  brought  down  much  censure  on  hia 
lordship's  memory.  But  a  far  graver  offence  rests  upon 
the  name  of  Bolingbroke — his  impious  attacks  upon  Reve- 
lation. Johnson's  opinitm  of  tlie  author  of  these  *'  wild 
and  pernicious  ravings  under  the  name  of  philosophy"  is 
well  known  : 

■■  t-ir,  he  was  a  scoundrel,  and  a  coward:  a  scoundrel  for  charg- 
ing a  lilunderbuss  against  reljfrion  and  morality;  a  coward  be- 
cause he  had  not  resolution  to  lire  it  o!T  himself,  but  left  half-a- 
ci'own  to  a  beggarly  Scotchman,  to  draw  the  tri;rp;er  after  his  death." 

No  doubt  Mr.  David  Mallet  considered  the  post  of  can- 
noneer sufficient  honour  to  counterbalance  the  condemna- 
tion which  his  editorial  duties  encountered.  Dr.  Johnson 
would  not  honour  either  author  or  editor  by  pei'usal ;  for 
when  Mr.  Barney  asked  him  if  he  had  seen  Warburton's 
book  against  Bolingbroke's  Philosophy,  he  answered  in 
his  characteristic  manner : 

"  No,  sir,  I  have  never  read  Bolingbroke's  impiety,  and,  there- 
fore, am  not  interested  about  its  confutation." 

The  name  of  Warburton  naturally  suggests  the  inge- 
nious artifice  of  Burke  in  his  imitation  of  Lord  Boling- 
broke in  the  Vindication  of  Natural  Society.  Both  AVar- 
burton  and  Lord  Chesterfield  were  among  the  believers  in 
the  authenticity  of  this  eloquent  forgery.  Amcmg  the 
great  men  of  his  time  Bolingbroke  stood  proudly  pre-emi- 
nent. Swift,  slow  to  find  or  acknowledge  merit  in  any 
man,  considered  himself  exalted  in  lauding  St.  John,  and 
Pope  hardly  stops  short  of  paying  him  divine  honours. 
Witness  the  idolatrous  enthusiasm  of  the  following: 

"  I  really  think  there  is  somethin";  iu  that  great  man  which 
looks  as  if  he  was  placed  here  by  mistake.  When  the  comet  ap- 
peared tn  us  a  month  or  two  ago,  1  had  sometimes  an  imagination 
that  it  mitrht  possibly  be  come  to  our  world  to  carry  him  home; 
as  a  coach  cnmes  to  one's  door  for  other  visitors." — Spaio's  Artec. 

That  Bolingbroke  was  sufficiently  mortal  to  reciprocate 
human  afl'ection  we  have  undoubted  evidence.  lie  watched 
over  the  form  of  the  dying  bard,  and  watered  his  pillow 
with  his  tears.  On  one  of  these  affecting  occasions, 
Spcnco  tells  us,  he  cried  "  over  him  for  a  considerable 
time  with  more  concern  than  can  be  expressed.  *  0  great 
God !  what  is  man  ?'  said  Lord  B.,  looking  on  Mr.  Pope,  and 
repeating  it  several  times,  interrupted  with  sobs.  *  I  have 
known  him  these  thirty  years;  and  value  myself  more  for 
that  man's  love, — than' — [sinking  his  head,  and  losing  hia 
voice  in  tears.]"  Yet  fain  would  this  friend  have  excluded 
from  the  dying  pillow  of  the  man  he  so  loved,  the  last  con- 
solations which  can  minister  to  the  soul  of  the  departing: 

"The  priest  bad  scarce  departed  when  Bolintibroke,  coming  over 
from  Hattersea,  flew  into  a  great  lit  of  passion  and  indignation  on 
the  occasion  of  his  being  called  In." — Warton. 

But  when  the  day  of  darkness  fell  on  the  proud  philoso- 
pher, the  sophistry  to  which  he  trusted  proved  indeed  a 
broken  reed ! 

"  He  was  overcome  with  terrors  and  excessive  passion  in  his  la=t 
illness.  After  one  of  his  fits  of  jiassion,  hf  was  overheard  by  Sir 
Ileiuy  Mildmay  complaining  to  himself,  and  saying.  ''What  wilt 

215  . 


BOL 


my  poor  soul  undergo  for  all  tbesu  tbiDgs?'" — Dr.  IV.,  in  Spence's  j 
Anecdoi^s. 

Alas,  indeed,  for  the  desolate  soul  which  in  that  trying 
hour  must  pass  through  the  valley  of  the  shadow  of  death, 
without  the  rod  and  the  staff  of  the  Shepherd,  the  strength 
of  the  Cuuiforter,  and  the  fatherly  benediction  of  the  great 
Judge  of  all  the  earth  !  "  Enter  not  thou,  my  soul,  into 
their  sceret;"  unto  their  assembly  "be  not  thou  united!" 
What  a  contrast  does  the  "inevitable  hour"  of  Bolingbroke 
and  that  of  Addison  present  to  our  consideration  ! 

Pope  had  no  hesitation  in  declaring  the  object  of  his 
admirati'in  to  he  the  first  writer,  as  well  .as  the  greatest 
man,  of  liis  age.  Many  interesting  records  of  his  enthu- 
siasm will  bo  found  in  Spence's  Anecdotes.  Puxterili/  has 
not  endorsed  the  verdict  of  his  contemporaries.  In  his 
Letters  on  the  Study  and  Use  of  History,  and  those  on  Pa- 
triotism and  Idea  of  a  Patriot  King,  and  his  other  works, 
we  are  charmed  by  grace  of  cianpoj^ition  of  no  ordinary 
character  ;  but  when  we  seek  for  evidence  of  solid  judgment, 
and  the  results  of  dispassionate  ratiocination,  we  shall  find 
our  labour  is  vain.  To  quote  from  the  most  masterly 
analysis  with  which  we  are  acquainted  of  the  political  and 
literary  character  of  Saint-John, 

"  Bol'ingbrokeV  abilities  were  exactly  ofthat  stamp  which  astonish 
and  fascinate  those  who  come  into  person.il  contact  with  their  pos- 
sessor,— more  brilliant  than  solid, — more  showy  than  substantial. 
His  mind  was  not  a  profound  one;  but  what  it  wanted  in  this  re- 
spect was  atoned  for  by  its  readiness  and  acuteness.  He  seemed 
to  ffrasp  every  thing  by  intuition,  and  no  sooner  had  he  made  him- 
self master  of  a  proposition  or  an  argument,  than  his  astonishing 
memory  enabled  him  to  bring  forth  vast  stores  of  information  and 
illustratinu  at  a  moment's  warning.  Endowed  with  a  brilli:tnt 
im.agination, — a  prodigious  flow  of  words, — a  style  wbicli  f  iscinates 
the  reader  by  the  incomparable  beauty  of  the  language  and  the 
bounding  elasticity  of  the  sentences,  and  an  extraordinary  power 
of  presenting  his  conceptions  in  tlie  clearest  light.— his  contempo- 
raries looked  upon  him  as  one  of  those  rare  beings  who  seem  to  be 
endowed  with  a  nature  superior  to  that  of  common  mortality,  and 
who  stoop  down  to  the  world  only  to  evince  their  mastery  of  all 
its  lore,  and  their  superiority  to  its  inhabitants.  Hut.  dazzled  as 
they  were  by  the  vast  surtjiceof  the  stream,  they  forgot  to  imiuire 
into  its  depth.  We,  in  modern  times,  who  know  nothing  of  the 
artificial  splendour  with  which  a 'form  excelling  human.' — a  man- 
ner that  seemed  given  to  sway  mankind. — and  a  most  dazzling 
style  of  conversation, — invested  the  name  of  Bolingbroke.  are  per- 
haps inclined,  by  the  exaggeration  of  the  praise  once  lavished  on 
him.  to  do  him  but  scanty  justice." — Cutmirigfiiim's  Bint].  Htstoni. 
Pope  himself  admitted  that  there  might  be  a  limit  even 
to  the  genius  of  his  "  Saint-John,"  when  he  remarked 
"  If  ever  bolingbroke  tritles.  it  must  be  when  he  turns  divine." 
Mr.  AVarton  confirms  this  opinion  : 

"  When  'fully  attempted  piv'trv.  be  1 ame  a.s  ridiculous  as  Bo- 
lingbroke when  ho  atteoipted  phildwiiiliy  and  divinity;  we  look  in 
vain  for  that  genius  wbicli  prodii.ed  tb.  Dissertation  on  Parties. 
in  the  tedious  i.bil->snp|ii,:il  works,  of  which  it  is  no  exaggerated 
s.atire  to  say  that  Ibr  nasnii  of  th.-m  is  sophistical  and  inconclu- 
sive, the  style  dilTuse  anil  vitIwsc.  and  the  learning  seemingly  con- 
tained in  them  not  drawn  from  the  originiils.  but  picked  up  and 
purloined  from  French  critics  and  transl.ations." — WaHon's  Life 
rif  r.ipc. 

Upon  the  general  merits  of  Bolingbroke  as  an  author, 
Dr.  Blair  has  some  very  judicious  rem.arks : 

"  Among  English  writers  the  one  who  has  most  of  this  character 
[vehemence]  though  mixed  indeed,  with  several  defects,  is  Lord 
Bolingbroke.  Bolingbroke  was  formed  by  nature  to  be  a  factious 
leader ;  the  demagogue  of  a  pnptdar  assembly.  Accordingly  the 
style  that  runs  thiimgb  all  his  pnlirical  writings  is  that  of  one 
declaiming  with  beat,  rather  tbaii  writing  with  deliberation.  He 
abounds  ill  KhetMikal  Figures;  and  p.. urs  himself  l^irth  with  great 
impetuosity.  He  is  copious  to  a  fault;  places  tlie  same  thought 
before  us  in  many  dilferent  views,  hut  generally  wilb  lite  and  ar- 
dour. He  is  bold,  rather  than  correct ;  atoireot  that  tlnws  strong, 
but  often  madly.  His  sentences  are  varied  as  to  length  and  short- 
ness; inclining,  however,  most  to  long  periods,  sometimes  includ- 
iug  parentheses,  and  frequently  crowding  and  heaping  a  multitude 
of  things  upon  one  another,  as  naturally  happens  in  the  warmth 
of  speaking.  In  the  choice  of  his  words,  there  is  great  felicity  and 
precisiou.  In  exact  construction  of  sentences,  he  is  much  inferior 
to  Lord  Shaftesbury,  but  greatly  superior  to  bim  in  life  and  ease. 
Upon  the  whole,  his  merit  as  ;i  \\  rit.T  would  have  been  very  con- 
sideralile.  if  his  matter  had  e  lualtd  lii-^  stvle.  But  whilst  we  find 
m.any  things  to  commend  in  the  biltn.  in  the  firmer,  as  I  before 
remarked,  we  can  hardly  find  any  thing  tn  comnirod.  In  bis  rea- 
sonings, for  the  most  part,  he  is  flini-y  .nid  f;U-r;  in  tii-;  pnlitical 
writings,  factions:  in  what  becalls  bis  pbilos'iplm  al  (.lies,  iiieligions 
and  SI  lilii-tical  ill  tlie  liigliest  degree.  ...  It  is  indeed  my  opiniim 
that  tlii'ii  .111-  tew  writings  in  the  Knglish  langu.age,  which,  for  the 
mattiT  ciiiitained  in  tliein.  can  be  re.ad  with  less  profit  or  fruit, 
than  Lord  Boliiigbroke's  works." — Blair's  Lectures  on  Rhetoric  and 
Bdlf.'i  Leitrex;  see  Lectures  1'2,  15.  19,  and  34. 

"  He  appears  to  have  cjirried  into  his  closet  the  same  heAt  and 
impetuosity  which  animated  bis  soul  in  the  tumult  of  debate.  .  .  . 
There  is  a  fire,  a  spirit  of  vivacity  in  the  composition  of  Boling- 
broke, which,  when  .aciumpanieil.  as  is  occasionally  the  case,  with 
perspicuity  and  ease,  must  give  him  rank  as  one  of  the  happiest 
models  of  the  v.-bement  style." — Drake's  K^saifs.  iv.  2.14. 

"  Visc'innt  Knliiigbroke.  with  the  most  agreeable  talents  in  the 

world,  and  with  great  parts,  was  neither  happy  nor  successfub 

lie  wrote  a'-'ainst  the  late  king,  who  had  forsriven  bim  ;  a'jainst  pir 

Eobert  Walpole,  who  did  forgive  him ;  against  the  Pretender  and 

216 


BOL 

the  clergy  who  never  forgave  him.  He  is  one  of  our  best  writers: 
though  his  attacks  on  all  governments  and  all  religions  (neither 
ol'Whlch  views  he  cared  directly  to  own)  have  necessarily  involved 
his  style  in  a  want  of  perspicuity,  tine  must  know  the  man  be- 
fore one  can  often  guess  his  meaning.  He  has  two  other  faults, 
which  one  should  not  expect  in  the  same  author;  much  tautology 
and  great  want  of  connexion."— IHi/iWe's  ff.  and  A'.  Anlhars. 

■■He  wrote  against  Sir  Robert  W'alpole  because  he  did  not  forgive 
him ;  and  because  he  prevented  his  being  restored  to  tliose  honouir 
which  he  wished  to  recover.  That  Sir  IJobert  was  implacable 
a"-aiiist  bim.  appears  from  a  speech  which  he  made  iu  the  House, 
and  wliicb  be  ..included  with  the  fnllowing  imprecation— ■  Slay 
his  itliimlir  n.-ver  be  reversed,  and  iiiiiv  bis  crimes  never  be  forgot- 
ten" ■■—it,ml),lii  Her.,  xxix.  3ri7  ;  Purk's  mdpnle's  K.  and  N.  AuUirm. 
■■  Lord  Bolingliroke  had  earlv  made  himself  master  ol  men  and 
books:  but  in  his  first  career'of  life,  being  immersed  at  once  m 
business  and  pleasure,  he  ran  through  a  variety  of  scenes  in  a  sur- 
prising manner.  When  his  passions  subsided  by  years  and  disap- 
pointments, and  when  he  improved  bis  rational  faculties  by  more 
Jrave  studies  and  reflection,  he  .shone  out  in  his  retirement  with 
a  lustre  peculiar  to  himself,  though  not  seen  by  vulgar  eyes.  Ihe 
gay  statesman  was  changed  into  a  philosopher  ecjual  to  any  of  the 
saiies  of  antiquity.  The  wisdom  of  Socrates,  the  dignity  and  ease 
of  Pliny,  and  the  wit  of  Horace,  app.ared  in  all  his  writings  and 
convers!itions."—EAEL  OF  Orrery:  Mamnrs  nf  llean  Swift. 

■■  The  name  of  Bolingbroke  has  been  rapturously  lauded  by  Smol 
lett  and  Belsbam.  while  his  infidel  reveries  have  been  ably  refuted 
by  Warburton  and  Leland.  Lord  Walpole.  who  knew  him  well, 
calls  him  a  wicked  impostor  and  a  charlatan."— J^W.  s  y\aliMlt  s 
K.  and  N.  Authors. 

See  Life  by  Goldsmith  in  edit.  1S09;  Biog.  Brit. ;  Swift's 
Works ;  Pope's  Works,  by  Bowles ;  Coxe's  Walpole ;  Ly- 
sons's  Environs,  vol.  i. ;  Chesterfield's  Memoirs  and  Letters  ; 
Warburton's  Letters  to  Hurd ;  Chalmers's  Biog.  Diet.; 
Memoirs  of  Lord  C.,  by  G.  W.  Cooke,  Lon.,  1835,  2  vols.  8vo. 
Warburton,  who  defendeil  the  memory  of  Pope  against 
the  attacks  of  Mallet,  (Bolingbroke?)  felt  it  incumbent 
upon  him  as  a  divine  to  take  up  the  lance  in  championship 
of  thoBC  sacred  truths  which  his  lordship's  Essays  so  ruth- 
lessly assailed.  His  View  of  Lord  Boliugbroke's  Philoso- 
phy, in  two  Letters  to  a  Friend,  1754,  '55,  woidd  h.ave  been 
ill  brooked  by  the  noble  author  had  it  appeared  in  his 
lifetime.  The  many  absurdities  into  which  his  lordship's 
eagerness  to  attack  the  truth  caused  him  to  fall,  will  be 
seen  by  reference  to  a  book  which  should  lie  in  every  theo- 
logical" library— Leland's  View  of  Deistical  Writers.  With 
talents  so  well  qualified  to  benefit  his  race,  it  is  a  melan- 
choly reflection  that  the  gifted  Bolingbroke  lived  a  worse 
than  useless  life,  and  that  of  him  it  could  not  be  said, 
"  There  was  hope  in  his  latter  end !" 

Bolingbroke,  Henry.  A 'Voyage  to  the  Demerary, 
Lon.,  1807,  4to. 

■•  The  book  of  a  very  ingenious  man."— ion.  Quarter/!/  Hcnew. 

Bollan,  William,  d.  nTfi,  agent  of  Massachusetts 
in  Greilt  Britain,  was  born  in  England.  He  imb.  a  num- 
ber of  political  tracts,  among  which  were.  Importance  of 
Capo  Breton  truly  illustrated,  Lou..  1746.  Coloniie  Angli- 
canse  lUustratiB,  1762.  A  Petition  to  the  Houses  of  Parlia- 
ment, Ac.,  as  agent  for  Massachusetts,  1774.  See  Allen's 
Amer.  Biog.  Diet. 

Bolland,  William,  Barrister  at  Law.  Miracles,1798, 
4to.    The  Epiphany,  179',l,  4to.  St.  Paul  at  Athens,1799,4to. 

Bollard,  Richard.  Observations,  &c.  in  Churchill's 
Voya'.;es.  vol.  iv..  p.  S4ti,  171t). 

Bolnest,Edward,M.D.  Profcss.works.Lon., 1665-72. 

Bolroii,  R.     Treatise  against  Papists,  Lon..  1680,  fol. 

Boltou,  Cornelius  Winter,  b.  1819  at  Bath,  Eug. 
Grandson  of  the  distinguished  divine,  the  Rev.  Wm.  Jay. 
Closet  Companion,  1853.  Shepherd's  Call.  Sunday-School 
Prayer  Book.  Tender  Grass  for  Little  Lambs,  1854.  Ed. 
Jay's  Female  Scripture  Characters.  Jay's  Autobiography 
and  Reminiscences,  1854. 

Bolton,  or  Boulton,  Edmund,  an  historical  and 
antiquarian  writer  of  the  17th  century.  Lite  of  Henry 
n.;  The  Elements  of  Armories,  Lon.,  1610,  4to. 

"  Written  in  a  very  pedantic  style ;  but  many  curious  examples 
are  brought  forward,  and  illustrated  by  wood-cuts  spiritedly  e.\e- 
cuted." 

Nero  Caesar,  or  Monarchic  Depraued,  Lon.,  1624,  fol. 
Hypercritiea,  or  a  Rule  of  Judgment  for  writing  or  read- 
ing our  Histories,  pub.  by  Dr.  Hall  at  the  end  of  Trivet's 
Annals,  Oxon.,  1722,  Svo. 

■■  A  hi^hlv-esteemed  and  sensible  treatise." 

'■  .\  considerable  person,  and  a  very  learned  man." — Dr.  Anthony 
Ham.. 

Bolton,  George.     A  work  on  Fire  Arms. 

Bolton,  George.  Prac.  of  Crim.  Courts.  1835. 12mo. 
Bolton,  James.  Filices  Britannica?.  Leeds  &  Hud., 
1785-90,  4to.  A  Hist,  of  British  proper  Ferns.  <tc.,  1795, 
Svo.  Fungnsses  about  Halifax,  Lon.,  1788-91,  4  vols.  4to. 
Plants  of  Halifax:  in  Watson's  Hist.  Parish  of  Halifax, 
Lon.,  1775,  4t.o.  Natural  History  of  British  Song  Birds, 
Lon.,  1794-96,  2  vols.  4to. 


BOL- 


BON 


Bolton, John.  Lifeof  Chri?.CjTrtwri^^ht,Lon.,16in.4to. 

Bolton,  Sir  Kichard.  Statutes  t^i'  Ireland,  Dubl, 
lfi21,  fol.  Ju.sfico  of  Peace  for  Ireland.  Dubl.,  1683,  fol. 
New  edit,  enlarged  and  corrected  by  Michael  Truvers. 
1750,  4to. 

Bolton,  Robert,  1572-1631,  an  eminent  Puritan  di- 
vine and  excellent  scholar,  was  educated  at  the  colleges  of 
Lincoln  and  Brasenose,  Oxford.  A  Discourse  on  Happi- 
ness, Lon.,  IGll,  4to;  six  edits,  in  the  author's  lifetime. 
Instructions  relative  to  afflicted  consciences,  1631,  4to. 
Ilelpes  to  Humiliation,  Oxf.,  1631,  Svo.  Of  the  Four  Last 
Things,  Death,  Judgment,  Heaven,  and  Hell,  Lon.,  1633, 
4to.     Devout  Prayers,  1638,  Svo. 

*'  He  was  a  painful  and  a  constant  prt*;i''ln^r.  a  person  of  great 
zeal  towards  Clod  in  his  profession.  chiuitHMc  ami  bountiful,  but 
above  all.  a  reliever  of  afflicted  (■onsridiiTS,  whi-h  be  acquired  by 
that  manifold  experience  wbich  he  had  in  hims.Of  and  others;  and 
prew  so  famous  for  it,  that  he  was  sout;ht  to  far  and  near,  and  di- 
vers beyond  the  seas  desired  his  resolution  in  several  cases  of  con- 
science."— Athcn.  Oxon. 

"  He  is  excellent  both  for  conviction  and  consolation.  His  style 
is  rather  inclined  to  the  bomhast,  yet  many  expri'ssions  are  truly 
great  and  matiuificent." — Dr.  Doddridge, 

"  The  excellent  Robert  Bolton  could  to  his  comfort  on  his  death- 
bed profess  that  he  never  in  his  sermons  tau^bt  any  thins  but 
what  ho  had  first  souirht  to  work  on  his  own  heart.  An  awakeu- 
infr  and  coiufortinji;  writer." — Bickersteth. 

"  Ills  Four  Last  Things  displays  great  beauties  of  ima,'j:in:ition." 
— Dr.  Williams. 

Bolton,  Robert,  1697-1763,  Dean  of  Carlisle,  was 
educated  nt  AVadhiim  College,  Oxford.  He  pub.  some  let- 
ters to  a  lady  and  to  an  officer  against  card-phiyiuij:  and 
travelling  on  the  Lord's  Day,  1748-57,  Svo.  The  Employ- 
ment of  Time.  1750,  Svo.  the  Ghn.^t  of  Ernest,  1757.  Svo. 
Letters  and  Tracts  on  the  Choice  of  Company, &c., 1761, Svo. 

''  Kach  of  the  above  performances  cont.-iiTis  u'ond  sense,  li'arnint;. 
philanthropy,  and  reli'^ion.  and  e^'h  of  them  is  calculated  for 
the  advantage  of  society." 

Bolton,  Samnel,  1606-1654,  a  Puritan  divine,  was 
educated  at  Cambridge.  True  Bounds  of  Christian  Free- 
dom, Lon.,  1643,  12mo. 

''  A  most  exctdlent  work,  containing  much  doctrinal  and  experi- 
mental truth." — Lowndes. 

A  Guard  of  the  Tree  of  Life,  Lon.,  1647.  12mo.  The 
Arraignment  of  Error,  1646,  4to ;  other  works. 

Bolton,  Sarah  T.,  a  native  and  resident  of  Ohio, 
has  contributed  to  the  Home  Journal  in  New  York.  The 
Herald  of  Truth  in  Cincinnati,  and  to  (dhor  periodicals. 
Her  poetical  tribute  to  Professor  Morse  is  creditable  alike 
to  the  poetess  and  her  subject. 

"  Thought  and  feeling  stamp  her  verses  with  the  mark  of  sin- 
cerity and  farni-stuess." — Woiimn's  JRccord. 

Bolton,  Solomon.  Extinct  Pecrago  of  England, 
from  the  Conquest  to  1769,  Lon.,  1769,  Svo.  This  is  a  work 
of  considerable  value.  Geographia  Antiqna  delineata, 
1775,  4to. 

Bolton, Thcoph.jArchbp.  of  Cashel.  Perm.,1721,8vo. 

Bolton,  U'illiam.     Sermons,  16S3.  4to,  etc. 

Bolts,  William.  Consid.  on  Indian  Affairs  ;  parts 
1  nnd  2;  3  V(ds.  4to,  Lon.,  1772-75. 

Bompass,  C.  C.  Light,  Heat,  &,  Electricity.  lSl7,8vo. 

Bonar,  Andrew  A.  A  Commentary  on  Leviticus, 
expos,  and  prac,  with  crit.  notes,  2d  ed.  Lon.,  1847, 12mo. 

Bonar,  Archibald.     Sermons,  2  vols.,  1815-17,  Svo. 

Bonar,  Iloratins.  Coming  of  the  Kingilom  of  the 
Lord  Jesus,  Lon.,  1S49,  Svo.  Night  of  Weeping,  ISmo. 
Morning  of  .Toy,  ISmo.  Other  works.  Introduc.  and  Notes 
to  Brief  Thoughts  concerning  the  fjospel. 

''The  value  of  the  w.irk  consists  in  (lie  i]i',ir  and  scriptural  li'j:ht 
which  it  throws  on  tliei  Insji^t  pl.m  i.f  sal  vat  inn." — S>:.ffis/i(jiinr'inii>. 

"Ood  has  signally  lilrss.'d  it.  Imth  f.rr  th-  ^^nilianc..  of  the  in- 
quirini;  sinner  and  for  tlie  comfort  of  the  troubled  mind."— iVor^/c 
frn  Wirdrr. 

Bonar,James.    Greek  Prepositions.    Ed.Phil.Trans., 

1805. 

Bonar,  John.  Obs.  on  the  Conduct  and  Character 
of  Judas  Iseariot,  1751,  Svo,  (anony.) 

''This  anonymous  pamphb-t  displays  vi-ry  considiTable  acnte- 
ness.  and  is  not  unworthy  to  he  placed  by  the  side  of  T^ord  Lyttle- 
ton  on  the  Conversion  of  St.  Paul,  and  Shaw  on  the  Advice  of  Ga- 
maliel."— Orme. 

An  Analysis  of  the  Moral  and  Religious  Sentiments  of 
Lord  Karnes  and  David  Hume.  1755,  Svo. 

"  ^Ir.  Bonar  was  a  pious  and  superior  man." 

Bonar,John.  Ecclcs.  Constit.in  Scotland,  1779, 12mo. 
Bonar,  or  Bounar,  John.     Advantages  of  the  In- 
sular sit.  of  G.  IJritain  ;  a  serm.  on  Neli.  iii.  S,  1773,  4to. 
Bond,  A.     Life  of  Pliny  Fisk,  1S2S,  12mo. 
''A  very  pmtitaMe  missionjiry  work." — Bickersteth, 

Bond,  Daniel,  vicar  of  Lye,  Gloucestershire.  Ser- 
mons, 1729,  Svo. 

Bond,  Eliz.,  of  Fortrose.  Letters  of  a  Village  Go- 
verness, 2  vols.  Svo,  1814. 


Bond,  George  Phillips,  A.M.,  son  of  Wm.  Cranoh 
Bond,  b.  1825,  Dorchester,  Mass.,  grad.  Harvard  Coll., 
1845.  Mathematical  Memoirs  upon  Mechanical  Quadra- 
tions ;  on  the  Method  of  Least  Squares;  the  Construction 
of  the  Rings  of  Saturn, — in  which  their  fluid  nature  was 
first  established  ;  articles  upon  the  Nebula  of  Andromeda; 
Elements  of  the  Orbits  of  Hyperion  and  the  Satellite  of 
Neptune,  and  of  various  Comets;  on  Stellar  Phutography, 
Ac.  He  participated  in  the  discovery  of  Hyperion,  the  new 
ring  of  Saturn,  &c.  He  occupies  a  high  position  in  America 
and  Europe  as  an  accurate  and  assiduous  observer. 

Bond,  Henry,  a  mathematician  of  London  in  the 
17[h  fiiitury.  A  Treatise  on  the  Longitude,  Lon.,  1676, 
fol.    Coil,  cni  tlic  Magnetic  Needle  to  Phil.  Trans.,  166S-73. 

Bond,  Henry,  Vicar  of  Cowley,  Gloucestershire. 
Three  Discourses,  1711,  Svo.     Two  Sermons,  12mo. 

Bond,  Henry,  M.D.,  b.  1790,  at  Watertown.  Mass.; 
grad.  Dartmouth  Coll.,  181-1;  settled  in  Phila.,  1S19. 
Watcrlowu  Family  Memorials,  with  Hlustratious,  Maps, 
and  Notes,  Bost.,  2  vols.  Svo,  pp.  1100,  1856.  Highlj 
commended  by  B.  J.  Lossing,  S.  G.  Drake,  N.  Frothiug- 
ham.  .tc.  Dr.  B.  has  also  contrib.  many  valuable  papers 
to  the  mod.  journals. 

Bond,  J.,  of  Gray's  Inn.  A  Complete  Guide  for  Jus- 
tices of  the  Peace;  8d  edit,,  Lon.,  1707,  Svo. 

Bond,  J.  Wesley,  b.  at  Harrisburg,  Penna.,  1824, 
Minnesota  and  its  Resources,  N.Y.,  1S54,  12mo, 

'*  It  contains  notices  of  the  early  history  of  the  country,  of  its 
geographical  features,  its  agricultural  advantages,  its  manufactures, 
commerce,  facilities  for  travelling,  the  character  of  its  inhabitants, 
— evi-ry  thing,  indeed,  to  illustrate  its  resources  and  its  prospects." 

Bond,  John,  1550-1612,  a  native  of  Somersetshire, 
was  educated  at  Winchester  School  and  at  New  College, 
Oxford.  In  1573  he  took  the  degree  of  B.A.;  in  1579, 
M.A. ;  and  soon  afterwards  was  appointed  master  of  the 
free-school  of  Taunton.  Several  of  his  scholars  rose  to 
distinction  in  Church  and  State.  Annotationes  in  Poemata 
Quinti  Horatii,  Lon.,  1606,  Svo;  Han.,  1621,  Svo  ;  Leyden, 
1653,  8vo;  best  edit.,  Amst.,  1686,  12mo.  Many  of  the 
notes  are  extj-acted  from  Lambinus.  After  his  death,  his 
son-in-law,  Roger  Prowse,  pub.  a  work  of  Bond's  entitled 
Auli  Persi  Flacci  Satyrte  sex,  cum  Posthumis  Commenta- 
riis  Johannis  Bond,  1614,  Svo. 

Bond,  John,  LL.D.,  d.  1676.  a  native  of  Dorchester, 
and  educated  at  Catherine  Hall,  Cambridge,  was  preacher 
to  the  Long  Parliament,  minister  of  the  Savoy,  master  of 
Trinity  Hall,  Cambridge,  and  Professor  of  Law  at  Gre- 
sham  College.  A  Door  of  Hope,  Lon.,  1641,  4to.  Holy 
and  Loyal  Activity,  Lon.,  1641.  4to.  Sermon  preached  at 
Exeter,  Lon.,  1643,  4to,  and  some  other  discourses.  Dr. 
Bund  does  not  seem  to  have  been  much  of  a  favourite  with 
that  stout  Loyalist  and  strict  Churchman,  the  never-to-be- 
forgotten  old  Anthony  Wood. 

'■  This  ,T.  Bond,  by  the  way,  you  must  know  being  scarce  warm 
in  the  pulpit,  but  he  began  to  threaten  heaven  with  some  of  his 
divinity.  ...  In  all  which  sermons,  as  in  others  which  he  deli- 
vered in  London  and  "Westnunster.  are  contained  many  strange 
positions,  rebellious  doctrines,  relipious  canlinps,  and  1  linow  not 
wh.at.  .  .  .  These  fhinpcs  I  tbonirbt  fit  to  let  the  reader  know,  that 
posterity  may  dislin[j:uish  liftucrii  (hrsaid  two  Bonds,  [see  I!oNl>, 
.TofiN,  oj/^e,]  the  lirst  :l  ])o!itr  and  y:\vi'  ci  itic,  whose  labours  have 
advanced  the  commonwealth  of  l./aniin;:  very  much,  and  the 
other  an  impudent,  canting,  and  blasphemous  person,  who,  by 
his  doctrine,  did  lead  people  to  rebellion,  advanced  the  cause  of 
Satan  much,  and  in  tine  by  his.  and  the  endeavours  of  his  bre- 
thren, brouiiht  all  things  to  ruin,  merely  to  advance  their  unsa- 
tiable  and  ambitious  desires.  .  .  .  His  father.  Dennis  Bond,  shewed 
himself  a  devotee  to  Oliver's  interest.  On  the  30th  of  Aug,,  1658, 
beiuL'  then  Monday,  and  the  windiest  day  that  had  before  hap- 
pened for  20  years,  he  paid  his  last  debt  to  nature,  being  then 
tormented  with  the  strangury,  and  much  anxiety  of  spirit.  At 
■which  time,  as  the  then  vulgar  talk  was,  the  devil  came  to  take 
away  Oliv.  Cromwell,  who  then  lay  on  his  death-bed,  but  being 
not  prepared  for  him,  he  gave  Bond  for  bis  future  appearance,  and 
accordingly  on  Friday  following,  being  the  3d  of  Sept.,  he  made 
good  his  promise." — Athen.  Oxcm. 

Anthony  Wood's  opinions  of  republicans  and  Dissenters 
are,  however,  to  be  taken  cum  grano  salia. 

Bond,  John*  King  Charles,  his  Welcome  Home, 
Lon.,  1641,  4to.  A  Whip  for  the  Judges,  Bishops,  and 
Papists,  &c..  Lon.,  1G41.  The  Downfal  of  the  old  Com- 
mon Council-Men,  Lon.,  1641.  The  Poet's  Recantation, 
Lon..  1612,  4to.  England's  Reioycing  for  the  Parlia- 
ment's Rctvrne,  Lon.,  1641,  4to. 

"  I  take  this  John  Bond  to  be  different  from  the  other  John,  [see 
above,]  who  was  a  Presbyterian  aud  afterwards  an  Independent." 
— Athrii-  Oxfm. 

Bond,  John,    M.D.     Med.  Works,  Lon.  and  Edin., 

Bond,  John.  The  Sennacherib  of  Modern  Times, 
or  Bonaparte  nn  Instrument  in  the  hand  of  Providence, 
1807,  Svo. 

2X1 


BON 


Bond,  R.    Poems,  Divine  and  Moral,  Lon.,  1 
"The  divino  poein3  in  this  pamphlet  are  a  paraphrase  of  the 
Te  Dcum,  of  Agui's   Poem,  of  the  10th  Psjdm,  and  of  the  100th 
I'salm;  an  Aildiess  to  tlie  Almighty,  'llio  Uappy  Man,  a  Morning 
Thought,  and  a  Soliloquy." — L'jit.  Mmlh.  Rev.,  1769. 

Bond,  llev.  Robert.  Gulden  Maxims,  N.Y.,  32mo. 
Bond,  Thomas,  M.l>.,  1712-1784,  a  native  of  Mary- 
land, commenced  tbc  practice  of  medicine  in  Philadelphia 
about  1734.  He  delivered  the  first  Clinical  Lectures  in 
the  Pennsylvania  Hospital.  He  was  a  member  of  a  lite- 
rary society  composed  of  Franklin,  Bartram,  Godfrey, 
and  others,  and  was  an  officer  of  the  American  Philo- 
sophical Society  from  its  commencement.  Ho  contributed 
to  the  London  Med.  Obs.  and  Inquiries.  1.  An  Account 
of  an  Immense  Worm  bred  in  the  Liver,  p.  67,  1755.  2. 
On  the  Use  of  Peruvian  Bark  in  Scrofulous  Cases,  ii.  p.  65. 
Bond,  Thomas  E.,  M.D.,  Prof,  of  Special  Patho- 
logy, Ac.  Baltimore  Coll.  of  Dental  Surgery.  Practical 
Treatise  on  Dental  Medicine,  Pbila.,  1S51,  8vo. 

Bond,  William,  d.  1735,  a  native  of  Suffolk,  was 
concerned  with  Aaron  Hill  in  the  authorship  of  The  Plain- 
Dealer  ;  a  periodical,  collected  into  2  vols.  8vo.  He  trans. 
Buchanan's  History,  and  edited  The  Supernatural  Phdo- 
sophy,  or  The  Mysteries  of  Masie,  [Defoe's  Life  of  Dun- 
can Campbell,  with  a  new  title-page,]  2d  edit.,  Lon.,  1728, 
8vo.  He  also  revised,  altered,  and  produced  The  Tuscan 
Treaty,  or  Tarquin's  Overthrow;  a  Play,  1733,  8vo. 
Bond,  William.  Visitation  Sermon,  ISOl,  4to. 
Bond,  William  Cranch,  M.A.,  an  eminent  Ame- 
rican astronomer,  b.  17.sa,  Portland,  Maine,  Director  of 
Astronomical  Observatory  of  Harvard  Coll.  At  an  early 
age  he  learned  the  business  of  watchmaking.  His  atten- 
tion was  first  attracted  to  astronomy  by  an  eclipse  which 
occurred  in  1806.  He  was  one  of  the  earliest  American 
discoverers  of  the  comet  of  1811.  In  1838,  he  was  app.  by 
the  U.S.  Navy  Dept.  to  prosecute  a  series  of  observations 
la  connexion  with  the  U.S.  E.\ploring  E.'cp.  in  command 
of  Capt.  Wilkes;  app.  Astron.  Observer  to  Univ.  in  1840. 
Annals  of  Astronomical  Observatory  of  Harvard  College  : 
vol.  i.,  Pt.  1,  Cambridge,  1856,  4to,  pp.  191 ;  vol.  i.,  Pt.  2, 
1855,  4to,  pp.  404.     This  part  contains  bis  own  catalogue, 

5500   stars  situated  between   the    Equator   and  0°   20' 

North  Declination.  Celestial  photography  was  by  him 
first  recognised  as  a  possible  art  and  conducted  through 
its  earliest  stages.  The  connection  of  the  siilereal  clock 
with  the  galvanic  circuit  was  first  used  by  Mr.  B.  in  re- 
cording astronomical  observations.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
leading  scientific  societies  of  Europe  and  America. 
Bonde,  Cunelgus.  Scutum  Regale,  Lon.,  1660. 
Bonde,  William.  De  Julii  Clovii  clari  admodum 
Pictoris  Operibus,  (Londiui,)  1733,  fol.  A  work  of  great 
rarity. 

Bone,  John.  Poor's  Rates,  Lon.,  1805,  8vo.  Tran- 
quillity, Ac.,  1801),  8vo.     Wauts  of  the  People,  1807,  Svo. 

Boiie,  S.  V.  Precedents  in  Conveyancing,  adapted 
to  the  Present  State  of  the  Law  ;  illustrated  with  Notes  by 
T.  0.  Western,  1841,  4  vols.  Svo. 

"  Mr.  Bone's  work  possesses  three  very  commendable  features,— 
Bimplicitv  of  design,  adherence  thereto,  ami  scrupulous  honesty 
in  ackuo'wlL'dgmeut  of  authorities."     See  Marvin's  Legal  Bibl . 
Bones,  James.     Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1762. 
Bonham,  Thomas.     The  Chirurgeon's  Closet  Fur- 
nished with  Remedies,  Lon.,  1030,  4to. 

Bonhome,  Richard.     Sermon,  Ac,  1675-79. 
Bonhote,  Eliz.     Novels,  .tc,  Lon.,  1788-99. 
Bonhllte,  P.  L.  D.  Logarithm  Tables,  Lon.,  1805,  Svo. 
Boniface,  Saint,  the  apostle  of  Germany,  b.  about 
68C,  d.  755,  was  a  native  of  Crediton,   Devonshire,  and 
originally  named  Winfrid.     He  laboured  with  great  zeal 
in  Germany  and  Franco,  and  was  raised  to  the  archiepis- 
copal  dignity — the  see  of  Mentz  being  made  metropiditan 
for  him— in'738.     Opera  a  Nicolao  Serrario  Mogunt,  1605, 
4to.     Epistolie  Mogunt,  1629,  4to.     Passio,  Gr.  Lat.,  Lut. 
Par.,  1680,  Svo.     His  Letters  are  the  most  important  of 
his  literary  remains. 

Bonnar,  John.     See  Bonar. 

Bonuel,  or  Bonnell,  James,  1653-1699,  a  son  of 
Samuel  Bonnell,  an  English  merchant,  b.  at  Genoa,  where 
his  father  resided  for  some  time.  James  was  educated  at 
Catherine  Hall,  Cambridge.  He  became  very  eminent  for 
learning  and  piety.  He  wrote  some  Meditations  and 
Prayers,  inserted  in  his  Life,  and  he  jiub.  a  Harmony  of 
the  Gospels  written  by  another  hand,  '■  improved  by  T.  B. 
for  his  own  use,"  Lon.,  1705,  Svo.  Sec  bis  Life  and  Cha- 
racter by  W.  Hamilton,  Archdn.  of  Armagh,  with  Funeral 
Sermonby  the  Bp.  of  KiUmore  and  Ardagh,  Lou.,  1703, 
Svo;  5lh  edit.,  Lon.,  1807. 

"  Such  a  character   may  perhaps  he  overlooked  by  some,  be- 
218 


BON 

4to  I  cause  there  is  nothing  remarkably  striking  in  it.  But  the  mim 
'  who  is  uniformly  good,  and  that  to  such  a  degree  as  JU.  Bonnell 
was,  ought  to  stand  high  in  our  opinion,  and  to  be  esteemed— what 
he  certainly  was- a  great  man.'' — Granger. 

Bonnell,  George.     Wool  Manufacture,  1759,  4to. 

Bonner,  or  Boner,  Edmund,  d.  1509,  consecrated 
Bishop  of  London,  April  4,  1540,  was  the  son  of  a  "poor 
honest  man"  of  Hanley,  Worcestershire.  He  was  educated 
at  Broadgate's  Hall,  (afterwards  Pembroke  College,)  Oxford, 
and  took  his  doctor's  degree  in  1525.  His  subsequent  his- 
tory is  well  known.  Articles  (37)  to  be  inquired  of  in  tho 
General  Visitation  of  Edmund,  Bishop  of  London,  1554, 
Ac.     Reprinted  in  Burnet's  History  of  the  Reformation. 

"To  ridicule  them,  John  Bale,  Bishop  of  Ossory,  wrote  a  book 
entitled  A  Declaration  of  Edmund  Bonner's  Articles  concernmg 
the  Clergy  of  London  Diocese,  whereby  that  execrable  antichrist; 
is  in  his  right  colours  revealed,  1554,  Svo." 

A  Profitable  and  Necessajy  Doctrme,  Ac,  Lon.,  1554- 

55,  4to.  ,  ,,    , .      V 

"This  Catechism  is  said  to  have  been  composed  by  his  chap- 
lains,  r.loloi  Ibir|ii»field  and  Uenry  Pendleton,]  and  to  be  taken  out 
of  the  JiLilitahoii  ,,/  a  Christian  Man,  set  out  by  K.  lien.  8,  only 
varied  in  some  puints." 

For  a  list  of  Bonner's  treatises,  Ac,  see  Watt's  Bibl. 
Brit.  Works,  printed  by  J.  Cawood,  Lon.,  4to,  sine  oimo. 
In  1842  appeared  Life  and  Defence  of  the  Conduct  and 
Principles  of  the  Venerable  and  Calumniated  Bishop  Bon- 
ner, Ac,  by  a  Tractarian  British  Critic,  (Prebendary 
Tremyard,)  Lon.,  Svo. 

"  This  ironical  life  and  defence  of  Bishop  Bonner  is  an  exposure 
of  the  Komish  tendency  of  the  Oxford  Tracts,  and  is  written 
throughout  with  ability  and  learning.  There  is  no  doubt  that  tho 
author  has  damaged  the  party  he  has  attacked."— ion.  Allien. 

Bonner,  J.  Copperplate  Perspective  Itinerary,  Pts.  1 
and  2,  1799. 

Bonner,  James.  Med.  treatises,  Ac,  Lon.,  1795-1818. 
Bonner,  John,  b.  1828,  at  Quebec,  resides  in  N.Y. 
City.  Child's  Hist,  of  the  United  States,  N.Y.,  2  vols.  16nio. 
"This  American  history  is  freely  written,  and  contains  a  fair 
account  of  the  settlement  in  America  of  the  early  Puritans,  of  their 
trials  and  misfortunes,  and  of  their  after  prosperity  and  liberty."— 
Lon.  Athen. 

Child's  History  of  Rome;  do.  Greece,  Ac.  Registry 
Laws  of  Canada.  The  Old  Regime  and  the  Revolution ; 
from  the  French  of  De  TocqueviUe.  Mr.  B.  intends  com- 
pleting his  series  of  Child's  Histories.  Is  the  editor  of  Har- 
per's Weekly,  and  one  of  the  editors  of  N.Y.  Herald,  (1S5S.) 
Bonner,  Richard.  Treatise  on  the  Eucharist,  Lon., 
1548,  Svo. 

Bonnet,  John,  Surgeon.    Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1724. 
Bonney,  Thomas.     Sermon,  Lon..  1763,  4to. 
Bonnor,  C.     Institution  for  the  Blind,  1810. 
Bounor,  Charles.     Pamphlets  relative  to  Mr.  Pal- 
mer, 1797-1800.    Trans,  of  The  Manager  and  Actor,  1784. 
The  Picture  of  Paris,  1790. 

Bonnor,  T.  Views  of  Gloucester  Cathedral,  1796- 
1815,  Svo.     Views  of  Goodrich  Castle,  1798-1815,  Svo. 

Bonny,  Henry  Kaye,  D.D.  Life  of  Jeremy  Taylor, 
D.D.,  1818,  Svo.  Mem.  of  T.  F.  Middleton,  Ac,  Oundle, 
1821,  Svo.     Blessings  of  Peace  secured  by  Piety,  Ac. 

Bonnycastle,  Charles,  d.  1840,  son  of  tho  follow- 
ing. Treatise  on  Inductive  Geometry.  Several  memoirs 
on  scientific  subjects. 

Bonnycastle,  John,  d.  1821,  an  eminent  mathe- 
matical writer,  pub.  a  number  of  works,  Lon.,  1780-1813. 
An  Introduction  to  Mensuration,  Ac,  1782 ;  to  Algebra, 
1783  ;  to  Astronomy,  1786.  Elements  of  Geometry,  1789. 
Treatise  on  Trigonometry,  1806;  on  Arithmetic,  1810;  on 
Algebra,  1813,  2  vols.  Trans.  Bossut's  Hist.  Mathematics. 
Bonnycastle, R.H.  Spanish  America.lSlS, 2  vols.Svo. 
Bonnycastle,  Lient.-Col.  Sir  Richard.  The 
Canadas  in  1841,  2  vols.  Svo.  Canada  and  the  Canadians 
in  1846,  2  vols.  Svo.  . 

"There  is  excellent  advice,  as  well  as  information  of  a  practical 
kind,  which  ought  to  be  treasured  up  by  the  intending  emigrant." 
— L'inil'iii  M>rniii(/  Chronicle. 

NeKl"Uiidliiiid  in  1842,  2  vols.  Svo. 

"Published  under  tho  sanction  of  the  British  Government,  and 
comprises  a  full  account  of  this  most  important  colony."— ion. 
Athen. 

Bonoeil, John.  Silk-Worms inVirginia, Lon., 1622,4to. 

Bonomi,  J.  Nineveh  and  its  Palaces  :  the  Discoveries 
of  Botta  and  Layard  applied  to  the  Elucidation  of  Holy 
Writ ;  with  nearly  250  woodcuts,  Lon.,  1S52,  Svo.  This 
valuable  volume  contains  contributions  from  Dr.  Lepsius, 
Dr.  Grotefend,  Mr.  S.  Sharpe,  Ac. 

Bonwell,  James.  Sermons  on  the  Catholic  Church, 
Lon.,  1843.  Svo.  .     . 

Bonwicke,  Ambrose,  b.  1652,  a  Non-juring  divmo, 
a  schoolmaster,  and  a  man  of  most  exemplary  piety,  wrote 
a  life  of  his  son  of  both  his  names;  Pattern  for  Young 


BOO 

Stuflonts  in  the  University,  and  which  was  not  puh.  until 
1729,  Lon.  8vo.  Bowyer  pub.  this  volume,  and  added  a 
preface  to  it. 

Booker,DanieI.  Beauties  of  theMass,Lon.,1746,8vo. 

Booker,  John,  1601-1667,  an  astrologer  and  fortune- 
teller, pub.  A  Cable  Rope,  1664,  4to.  Tractatus  Paschalis, 
1664,  8vo.  The  Dutch  Fortune-Teller  brought  into  Eng- 
land, 1667,  fol.;  The  Bloody  Irish  Almanac,  1646,  4to  j 
The  Bloody  Almanac,  1643,  4to.  Booker  seems  to  have 
had  a  most  sanguinary  taste  in  titles. 

"  lie  had  a  curious  fancy  in  jud^^iuK  of  thefts,  and  was  as  suc- 
cessful in  resolving  love  questions." — Lilly,  the  Astrologer. 

Booker,  Luke,  1762-1836,  Rector  of  Tedstone-de-la- 
Mere,  1806,  and  of  Dudley,  1812,  pub.  a  number  of  theo- 
log.  and  other  works.     Lectures  on  the  Lord's  Prayer. 

"This  volume  contains  a  series  of  highly  instructive  discourses 
on  the  several  petitions  contained  in  the  Lord's  I'rayer." — Londmi 
MonOdy  Critical  Gazette. 

Sermons  on  various  Subjects,  intended  to  promote  Chris- 
tian Knowledge  and  Human  Happiness,  Dudley,  1793,  Svo. 
Historical  Account  of  Dudley  Castle,  Svo. 

Booker,  More.  Serm.  at  the  Funeral  of  the  Countess 
of  Drogbcda,  1756,  8vo. 

Bookey,  Sacheverell.     Sermon.  1739.  4to. 

Boole,  George.  Investigation  of  the  Laws  of  Thought. 
Lon.,  Svo,     Mathematical  Analysis  of  Logic,  1S47,  8vn. 

Booue,  T.  C.  Book  of  Churches  and  Sects,  Lon., 
1826,  Svo.     Marriage  Looking-Glass,  1848,  Svo. 

"  An  exceedingly  internsting  work,  including  snnie  valuable 
Opinions  of  esteemed  writers  relative  to  Married  Life,  &c." 

Outlines  of  Man's  True  Interest,  1844,  12mo.  Sketches 
from  Life  in  verse,  12mo. 

Boone,  Daniel,  b.  about  1730,  d.  1820,  one  of  the 
earliest  settlers  of  Kentucky,  celebrated  for  his  adventures, 
drew  up  an  account  of  his  life,  which  was  pub.  in  Filson's 
Supplement  to  Imlay's  Description  of  the  Western  Terri- 
tory, 1793. 

Boorde,  Andrew.     See  Borde. 

Boorman,  N.  Trans,  of  Hesse's  Government  of  all 
Estates  ;  sine  anno,  16mo. 

Boote,  Richard,  d.  1782.     Legal  Treatises,  1766-91. 

Booth,  A.  Examen  Legum  Anglias,  or  the  Laws  of 
England  examined  by  Scripture,  Antiquity,  and  Reason, 
1656,  4to. 

Booth,  Abraham,  1734-1806,  pastor  of  a  congrega- 
tion of  Particular  Baptists  in  London,  from  1769  until  his 
death.  Paedo-Baptism  Examined,  1784,  2  vols.  12mo;  an 
edit,  with  additions,  1829,  4  vols.  Svo. 

"An  elaborate  work,  published  under  the  superintendence  nf 
the  committee  of  the  Baptist  Fund;  and  considered  by  the  au- 
thor's sect  as  unanswerable." — Lowndes. 

Reign  of  Grace,  1768.  Svo. 

"  A  masterly  performance." — Dr.  E,  Williams. 

"  Highly  evangelical,  but  some  of  his  expressions  want  modify- 
ing."—  BiCKERSTF.TII. 

Ryland  commends  Booth  for  clearness  of  thought,  nerv- 
ous reasoning,  accurate  method,  and  vigour  of  style. 

Booth,  Barton,  1681-1733,  an  eminent  English  ac- 
tor, was  author  of  those  charming  stanzas,  "  Sweet  are  the 
charms  of  her  I  love."  He  left  a  dramatic  piece  entitled, 
The  Death  of  Dido,  1716,  Svo.  The  Memoirs  of  Booth 
were  pub.  Lon.,  1733,  Svo;  also  by  Theop.  Gibber,  and  by 
Mr.  Victor. 

Booth,  Benjamin.     System  of  Book-Keeping. 

Booth,  David,  1766-1846,  a  self-educated  English 
■writer.  Prospectus  of  an  Analytical  Dictionary  of  the 
English  Language,  1805  ;  Introduction  to  do.,  Edin.,  1806, 
Sto;  newed.,  Lon.,  1836,  4to.  He  devoted  the  last  fifty 
years  of  his  life  to  the  preparation  of  this  curious  work, 
hut  one  vol.  of  which  was  pub.  Art  of  Wine-Making. 
Art  of  Brewing.  Explanation  of  Scientific  Terras.  These 
three  works  were  pub.  by  the  Soe.  for  the  Diffusion  of 
Useful  Knowledge.  Strictures  on  Malthus  on  Population. 
Essay  on  Jury-Laws.  Eura  and  Zedepyra,  a  Tale:  with 
Poetical  Pieces,  1816,  Svo. 

Booth,  George.  The  Historical  Library  of  Diodo- 
rus  Siculus,  trans,  into  English,  Lon.,  1700,  fol. 

"  This  translation,  which  is  now  very  scarce,  is  in  high  reputa- 
tion for  its  greneral  correctness." — Clarke. 

"  We  are  indebted  to  him  for  the  preservation  of  a  multitude  of 
particulars,  which   but  for  him  we  never  should  have  known." 

— AXTHON. 

The  Nature  and  Practice  of  Real  Action,  &c.,  Lon.,  1701, 
fol,  ;  with  the  Notes  of  Serjeant  Hill,  Lon.,  1811,  r.  Svo. 

''  Booth  on  Real  Action  is  an  iniperf-ct  and  unsatisfactory  book, 
hut  for  want  of  a  better  treatise  upou  the  subject,  ■  is  even  cited  as 
an  authoritative  compilation.'  The  editor  of  the  American  edition, 
John  Anthon,  translated  the  ancient  records  from  the  Latin,  and 
added  a  few  references  to  American  and  English  editions,  Svo, 
New  York,  ISOS."— Marvin's  Legal  Bill. 


BOR 

Booth,  George.  Essays  on  Political  Economy,  Ac, 
Lon.,  1S14-1S. 

Booth,  George,  Earl  of  Warrington.  Con- 
siderations upon  the  Institution  of  Marriage,  Lon.,  1739 : 
anon.  A  Letter  on  some  ReHections  in  Burnet's  History 
of  his  Own  Times. 

Booth,  Henry,  Earl  of  Warrington,  1651-1693, 
father  of  the  preceding.  Cawe  of  the  late  Lord  Ku.'^sen, 
with  Observations  upon  it,  1689,  fol.  Tryal  for  High 
Treason,  1686,  fol.  Works,  consisting  of  Parliamentary 
Speeches,  Family  Prayers,  and  Political  Tracts,  1691,  Svo. 
•■  A  man  of  strict  piety,  of  great  worth,  honour,  and  hiinianitv." 

Booth,  II.     Miscellaneous  Pieces  of  Verse,  1805,  Svo. 

Booth,  James  C.,b.  1810,  Prof,  of  Applied  Chemistry 
in  the  Franklin  Institute:  Melter  and  Refiner  in  the  U.S. 
Mint.  Phila.  The  Encyelop;edia  of  Chemistry,  Practical 
and  Theoretical ;  embracing  its  Application  to  the  Arts, 
Metallurgy,  Geology,  Medicine,  and  Pharmacy.  Phila., 
1850,  Svo.  In  this  work  Mr.  Booth  was  assisted  by  Campbdl 
Mortit;  in  conjunction  with  whom  he  also  wrote  A  Report 
to  the  Smithsonian  Institute  on  Recent  Improvements  in 
the  Chemical  Arts,  Wash.,  1S51.  4to.  Ed.  T.  R.  Eetton's 
trans,  of  Regnaulfs  Chemistry,  Phila.,  1852,  2  vols.  8vo. 

Booth,  John.  Lett,  to  Ames,  on  some  Ancient  Nu- 
merals.    Archaiol.,  vol.  i.  1770. 

Booth,  John.  Principal  Greek  Primitives,  Huddersf., 
1801,  4to;   1S17,  8vo.     The  Kingdom  of  Christ. 

Booth,  Joseph.     Polygraphic  Art.  Lon.,  1788,  Svo. 

Booth,  Peniston,  D.D.     Ser.  on  Baptism,  1718,  8vo. 

Booth,  Robert.  Encomium  Heroum.,  Lon.,  1620,  4to. 

Boothby,  B.  Synopsis  of  the  Law  relating  to  In- 
dictable Otlences,  Lon.,  1842,  12mo. 

"The  author  has  made  frequent  reference  to  precedents  of  in- 
dictments, and  to  all  of  the  late  works  upon  criminal  law.  The 
work  i.s  condt-nsi'd  and  accurate,  and  useful  for  the  purpose  of 
ready  reli-rence. 

Boothby,  Sir  Brooke.  Political,  poetical,  and  other 
works,  Lou.,  1791-1S09.  Tears  of  Penelope,  1795,  foL 
Sorrows  sacred  to  the  Memory  of  Penelope,  1796,  fol.  Fa- 
bles and  Satires.  Edin.,  2  vols.  8vo.  1709. 

Boothby, F.  Marcelia,aTragi-comedy,  Lon.,  1670,4to. 

Boothby,  Richard.  Description  of  Madagascar, 
Lon.,  1646,  4to.  In  Osborne's  Voyages,  1745.  A  True 
Declaration  of  wrongs  done  him  by  two  servants  of  the  E. 
India  Company,  Lon.,  1644,  4to. 

Boothe,  N.  The  Rights  of  Windsor  Forest  Asserted, 
Lon.,  1719,  Svo. 

Boothhousc,  Samuel.  Dey  of  Tunis,  &c.,  Lon., 
1853,  4to. 

Boothroyd,  Benjamin,  D.D.,  1768-1836,  a  Dissent- 
ing miuister,  bookseller,  and  printer,  is  well  known  for  his 
edition  of  the  Hebrew  Bible,  and  his  Family  Bible  in  Eng- 
lish. The  Biblia  Hebraica,  pub.  originally  in  parts,  1810, 
Ac,  afterwards  at  Pontcfract  and  Lon.,  1816,  2  vols.  4to, 
is  without  points,  and  after  the  text  of  Kennicott. 

'I  It  is  peculiarly  interesting  to  the  Hebrew  scholar  and  critic, 
as  it  contains  in  a  condensed  form  the  substance  of  the  most  valu- 
able and  expensive  works." — Home's  Intmduc. 

"  Probably  the  most  useful  Hebrew  Bible  that  has  been  pub- 
lished for  common  use." — Orme. 

"A  Hebrew  Bible  with  various  readings,  and  synopsis  of  Bibli- 
cal Critics,  is  a  dtsidi  ratuni  that  we  hope  every  miuister  and  stu- 
dent whose  financfs.dlnw-  will  eagerly  embrace." — Evangelical  Mag. 

"A  valuable  collection  of  criticisms  from  various  sources." — 

BiCKERSTETH. 

In  1818  he  pub.,  Pontefract  and  London,  3  vols.  4to,  A 
New  Family  Bible,  and  Improved  Version, from  corrected. 
Texts  of  the  Originals,  with  Notes  and  Reflections. 

'■A  valuable  help  to  the  critical  understanding  of  the  Holy 
Scriptures." — Hm-ue's  Introduc. 

"He  has  very  happily  blended  critical  disquisition  with  practi- 
cal instruction,  and  an  invariable  regard  to  the  spirit  and  desipu 
of  revelation.  ...  It  deserves  the  encouragement  of  all  the  friends 
of  religion." — Orme. 

A  new  edition  carefully  corrected  and  greatly  improved, 
but  without  the  "practical  reflections,"  was  pub.  in  1835 
in  one  large  8vo  vol. 

"  I  do  not  think  we  have  any  similar  work  in  our  lanj^uage  ap- 
pioar-hinK  it  in  all  the  qualities  of  usefulness." — J,  I'yePmith,D.D. 

'■  The  result  of  a  most  successful  application  of  the  same  great 
learning;  and  p;reat  labour  which  had  been  previously  evinced  in 
his  critical  edition  of  the  Hebrew  Bible." — Ralph  Wariilaw.  D.D. 

"  I  seldom  consult  his  translation  without  advantage." — Ingram 

COBBIN. 

"  I  have  always  regarded  it  as  a  book  of  great  value." — Robert 
Vacghan. 
"  The  sentiments  of  the  author  are  evangelical  and  devotional" 

— BlCKFRSTETn. 

In  1807,  Pontefract,  Svo,  Dr.  B.  pub.  The  History  of  the 
ancient  Borough  of  Pontefract,  in  two  parts.  This  is  a 
rare  work. 

Boraston,  George*     Sermon,  1684,  4to. 

219 


BOR 

Boraston,  William.  A  Treatise  on  the  Pestilence, 
Lou.,  16;i0,  8vo. 

Borde,  or  Boorde,  Andrew,  M.D.,  in  Latin  An- 
dreas Perforatus,  b.  about  1600,  d.  1549,  was  a  native 
of  Susses,  and  educated  at  Oxford.  Although  a  man  of 
learning,  he  occasionally  enacted  the  part  of  an  itinerant 
doctor,  and  the  tale  of  Merry  Andrew  is  said  to  be  derived 
from  him.     Hearne  tells  us  that  he 

"Frequented  markets  and  fairs  where  a  conflux  of  people  used 
to  get  together,  to  whom  he  prescribed,  and  to  induce  them  to  (lock 
Ihither  the  more  readily,  he  would  make  humorous  speeches." 

His  excuse  for  this  Opprobrium  Mcdicomm  must  be  the 
"  rambling  head  and  inconstant  mind"  which  Wood  asserts 
that  he  possessed.  He  pub.  several  works:  Pryncyples 
of  Astronomye,  Lon.,  1510,  8vo;  reprint.  100  copies,  4  on 
vellum,  Lon.,  1814,  8vo.  The  first  Boke  of  the  Introduc- 
tion of  Knowledge,  the  which  doth  teach  a  man  to  speake 
part  of  al  manor  of  languages,  and  to  knowe  the  usage  and 
fashion  of  al  manor  of  countryes,  &c.,  Lon.,  1542,  4to; 
new  edit,  by  Copland,  sine  anno. 

"  Probably  the  most  curious  and  generally  interesting  volimie 
ever  put  forth  from  the  press  of  the  Coplands."— DiumN. 

The  work  is  partly  in  verse,  partly  in  prose,  with  wooden 
cuts  prefixed  to  each  of  the  .S9  chapters. 

"  The  first  is  a  satire,  as  it  appears,  on  the  tickle  nature  of  an 
Englishman :  the  symbolical  print  prefixed  to  this  cliapter  exhibit- 
ing a  naked  man,  with  a  pair  of  shears  in  one  hand,  and  a  roll  of 


cloth  in  the  other,  not  determined  what  sort  of  a  coat  he  shall  order 
to  be  made,  has  more  humour  than  any  of  the  verses  which  foUow.' 
The  two  first  of  the  verses  arc  these  : 

"I  am  an  Englisman.  and  naked  I  stand  here, 
Musing  in  my  mind,  what  rayment  I  shall  wear." 
"Xnr  is  the  poetrv  destitute  of  humour  only:  hut  of  every  em- 
bellisliTLiiiit.  bulh  lit  iiielii.;d  arrangement  and  expression.  Borde 
tias  all  the  tmliim'ss  nf  itllusiiui.  and  tjarbarity  of  versification,  be- 
longing to  8kelton,  without  his  strokes  of  satire  and  severity." — 
Warton's  Eng.  lAtetry. 

The  Breviarie  of  Healthe  for  all  manner  of  Sicknesses 
and  Diseases,  Ac,  Lon.,  1547,  4to.  This  was  approved  by 
the  University  of  Oxford. 

"  I  am  confident  this  book  was  the  first  written  of  that  faculty 
in  English,  and  dedicated  to  the  college  of  physicians  iu  London. 
Take  a  tast«  out  of  the  beginning  of  his  dedicatory  epistle : 

'■'Egregious  doctors  and  masters  of  the  eximious  and  arcane 
science  of  physic,  of  your  urbanity  exasperate  not  yourselves 
against  me  for  making  this  little  volume  of  physic' 
""  Indeed  his  book  contains  plain  matter  under  hard  words;  and 
was  accounted  such  a  jewel  in  that  age  ( things  wliilst  the  first,  are 
esteemed  the  best,  in  all  kinds)  that  it  was  printod  cum  privilegio 
ad  imprime  dum  solum." — Fiitlpr's  Wfirthirs. 

Fuller  is  much  mistaken  in  giving  this  work  the  priority 
ho  assigns  to  it.  Compondycmse  Regimento,  or  Dietary  of 
Iloalthe  made  in  Mouute  Pyllor,  1562,  12mo;  1567,  8vo; 
1576,  8vo. 

"Of  Horde's  numerous  books,  the  only  one  that  can  afford  any 
degree  of  entertainment  to  the  modern  reader  is  the  Dietarie  of 
Heithe  where,  giving  directions  as  a  physician,  concerning  the 
choice  of  houses,  diet,  and  apparel,  and  not  suspecting  how  little 
he  should  instruct,  and  how  much  he  might  amuse  a  curious  pos- 
terity, he  has  preserved  many  anecdotes  of  the  private  life,  customs, 
and  "arts  of  our  ancestors." — W"rton*s  Eng.  FiieAry. 

Merie  Tales  of  the  Mad  Men  of  Gotham,  Lon.,  8vo,  eine 
anno,  sed  circa   1565  ? 

'■  It  was  accounted  a  book  full  of  wit  and  mirth  by  scholars  and 
gentlemen.  Afterwards  being  often  printed,  is  now  sold  only  on 
the  stalls  of  ballad-singers." — Athm,  Oxon. 

"  Ilearne  was  of  oiiinion  that  these  idle  pranks  of  the  men  of 
Gotham.atown  in  T^incolnshire.boreareferencetosome  customary 
law-tenures  belnn.:inc  tn  that  place  or  its  neighborhood,  now  grown 
obsolete;  and  that  r.lnunt  might  have  enriched  his  book  on  An- 
cient Tenures  with  these  ludicrous  stories." 

A  ryght  pleasant  and  merry  History  of  the  Myller  of 
Abing'ton,  [a  village  near  Cambridge,]  with  his  wife  and 
his  faire  daughter,  and  of  two  poor  scholars  of  Cambridge. 
"  A  meiiger  eiiitmne  of  Chaucer's  Miller's  T.ale." 
Borde  was  author  of  several  other  works.  Consult  Wood's 
Athen.  Oxon.,  Bliss's  edit.;  Warton's  Eng.  Poetry;  Dib- 
din's  Ames ;  Brit,  Bibliog. ;  Ritsou's  Bibl.  Poet, ;  Dodd's 
Ch.  Hist.,  vol.  i. ;  Cooper's  Muses'  Library;  Phillips's  Thea- 
trum  Poet.  Angl. ;  Hearnc's  Pref.  to  Benedictus  Abbas 
Petrobnrg. ;  Chalmers's  Biog.  Diet, 

"  Dr.  Borde  was  an  ingenunrs  m.an.  and  knew  how  to  humour 
and  please  his  patients,  readers,  and  auditors.  In  his  travels  and 
visits,  he  often  appeared  and  spoke  in  public;  and  would  often 
freiiuent  markets  and  fairs  where  a  conflux  of  people  used  to  get 
together,  to  whom  he  prescribed:  and  to  induce  them  to  flock 
thUher  the  more  readily,  he  would  make  humorous  speeches, 
couched  in  such  langn.age  as  caused  mirth,  and  wonderfully  pro- 
pagated his  tame." — flearnr's  Benedictus  Ahh.,  tom.  1. 

"  Our  author  Borde  was  esteemed  a  rioted  poet,  a  witty  and  in- 
genious person,  and  an  excellent  physician  of  his  time." — Athcn. 
Oxon. 

Wood  also  refers  to  the  tradition  of  Borde's  having  been 
physician  to  Henry  VIII. ;    but  for  this  opinion  Warton 
could  find  only  ''  very  slender  proof." 
"  A  mad  physician  and  a  dull  poet. .  .  .  Borde's  name  would  not 
220 


BOR 

h.ave  been  now  remembered,  had  he  wrote  only  profound  systems 
in  liic-d'cine  and  astronomy.  Heisknown  to  posterity  as  a  buffoon, 
not  as  a  philosopher."— Bn.'^iisA  Poc/ry. 

Borde  published  the  jests  of  John  Scogan,  the  favourite 
bufi'oon  of  the  court  of  Edward  the  Fourth  : 

"  They  are  without  humour  or  invention ;  and  give  us  no  very 
favourable  idea  of  the  delicacy  of  the  king  and  courtiers,  who  could 
be  exhilarated  by  the  meiTiments  of  such  a  writer."— W.1RT0S. 
Borden,  Simeon.  On  Railroads,  Boston,  1854,  8vo. 
Border,  Dan,  The  English  Chemical  Physician  and 
Chirurgeric,  Ac,  Lon.,  1651,  fol.  The  whole  Art  and  Sur- 
vey of^Physick  and  Chirurgerie,  Lon.,  1651,  4to.  Two 
editions  same  year. 

Bordley,  John  Beale,  d.  at  Philadelphia,  1804, 
a-'ed  76.  Forsyth's  Treatise  on  Fruit  Trees.  Sketches 
on  Rotation  of  Crops,  1792.  Essays  and  Notes  on  Hus- 
bandry, &c.,  1799,  1801,  Phil.,  8vo.  View  of  the  Courses 
of  Crops  in  England  and  Maryland,  1804. 

"  He  was  greatly  instrumental  in  diffusing  the  best  knowledge 
of  the  best  of  all  krts." 

Boreman,   Bichard,  D.D.     Sermons,   Lon.,    Ibb^ 

Boreman,  or  Bourman,  Robert,  D.D..  d.  1675. 
The  Churclnnan's  Catechism.  Lon..  1651,  4to.  The  Tri- 
umphs of  Learning  over  Ignorance,  and  of  Truth  over 
Falsehood,  Lon.,  1653.  4to.  Mirror  of  Mercy  and  Judg- 
ment. Life  and  Death  of  Freeman  Sonds,  Lon.,  1655,  4to. 
Panegyric  and  Sermon  on  Dean  Comber,  Lon.,  1654,  4to. 
Boreman,  Tliomas.  Descrip.  of  300  Animals,  Lon., 
1730,  8vo. 

Borfet,  Abiel.  Postliminia  Carolii  XL,  Ac,  Lon., 
1660,  4to.     Sermon  on  Ps.  xx.  5,  1696,  4lo. 

Borget,  Augusts.  Sketches  of  China  and  the  Chi- 
nese, imp.  fol.  £4  4s. 

"  Affords  a  far  more  complete  idea  of  the  country  and  its  rana- 
bitanls  than  we  h.ave  ever  seen  or  met  with  in  all  the  books  we 
have  been  ItKiking  at  or  read  before."— ion*m  Literary  Gaulte. 
Borget,  Samuel.  The  Devil's  Legend,  Lon.,  1595, 4to. 
Borringdon,  Lord.  Speech  in  H.  of  Lords  on  the 
Petition  of  the  R.  Catholics  of  Irchmd,  1810,  8vo.  Ac- 
count of  Lord  B.'s  Accident  and  De:ith,  Lon.,  1810,  4to. 
Privately  printed. 

Borlace,  Edmond,  M.D.,  d.  1682,  son  of  Sir  John 
Borlace.  one  of  the  Lords  Justices  of  Ireland,  practised 
physic  witli  great  reputation  and  success  at  Chester,  Eng- 
land. Latham  Spaw  in  Lancashire,  Lon.,  1670,  8vo.  The 
Reduction  of  Ireland  to  the  Crown  of  England,  Ac. 
'■  A  short  but  instructive  work."— Bp.  Nicolson. 
A  Brief  Account  of  the  Rebellion  in  1641,  Lon.,  1675, 
8vo.  Tho  History  of  the  execrable  Irish  Rebellion,  Ac., 
Lon.,  1680,  fol.  Wood  asserts  that  much  of  this  book  is 
borrowed  without  acknowledgincnt :  see  Athen.  Oxon.  It 
contains  letters  from  Cromwell,  Ireton,  Preston,  Ac.  Brief 
Reflections  on  the  Earl  of  Castlehaven's  Memoirs,  Ac, 
Lon.,  1682,  8vo. 

Borlase,  Henry,  d.  1834.  Papers  connected  with 
the  present  state  of  the  country,  Lon.,  1836,  12nio. 

Borlase,  William,  1696-1772,  a  native  of  Cornwall, 
was  educated  at  Exeter  College,  Oxford.  He  was  insti- 
tuted in  1722  to  the  rectory  of  Ludgvan,  and  in  1732  to 
the  vicarage  of  St.  Just.  Antiquities,  Historical  and  Mo- 
numental, of  the  County  of  Cornwall,  Oxf.,  1754,  foL; 
2d  edit,  with  additions,  Lon.,  1769.  fol.  This  work  is  the 
result  of  much  research  and  accurate  observation. 

Observations  on  the  Ancient  and  Present  State  of  the 
Islands  of  Scilly,  and  their  importance  to  the  trade  of 
Great  Britain,  0"xf.,  1756,  4to. 

"This  is  one  of  the  most  pleasing  and  elegant  pieces  of  local  en- 
quiry that  our  country  has  produced.'' — Dr.  Jnhnson^in  th£  Literary 
jHessev{jer. 

The  Natural  History  of  Cornwall,  Oxf.,  1758,  fol.  Many 
years  had  been  employed  in  collecting  materials  for  this 
valuable  work.  Dr.  B.  contributed  many  papers  to  Phil. 
Trans.;  vide  1749,  '6.3,  '55,  '57,  '58,  '50,  '62,  '63,  '69.  He 
was  in  correspondence  with  many  of  the  eminent  literary 
men  of  his  day. 

"  He  furnished  Mr.  Pope  with  the  greatest  part  of  the  mate- 
rials for  forming  his  grotto  at  Twickenham.  con.sisting  of  such  cu- 
rious fossils  as  the  county  of  Cornw.all  abounds  with;  and  there 
may,  at  present,  be  seen  Dr.  Borlase's  name  in  capitals,  composed 
of  crystals,  in  the  grotto.  On  this  o<:casiou  a  very  handsome  let- 
ter was  written  to'the  Doctor  by  Mr.  Pope,  in  which  he  says,  'I 
am  much  obliged  to  ynu  for  your  valuable  collection  of  Cornish 
diamonds.  I  have  placed  them  where  they  may  best  represent 
yourself,  in  "a  sliaile.  but  shining;'"  alluding  to  the  obscurity  of 
br.Borlase'ssituiiliiiii. and  the  brilliancy  of  his  talents.  .  .  .  There 
is  still  existing  a  large  collection  of  letters  written  by  that  cele- 
brated poet  to  our  Author." — Biog.  Brit. 

See  Dr.  B.'s  Memoirs,  drawn  up  by  himself  at  the  request 
of  a  friend,  in  Nichols's  Literary  Anecdotes,  voL  v.  291,  Ac. 

Borne,  William.  A  Regiment  for  the  Sea,  Lon., 
1620,  4to. 


BOR 

Borough,  Sir  John.     See  BcnnorGHS. 

Borough,  William.  A  New  Attractive  ;  a  short  dis- 
course of  the  Loadstone,  Lon.,  1585,  4to.  Variation  of 
the  Compass,  Lon.,  15S5,  4to. 

Borrer,  Dawson.  Journey  from  Naples  to  Jerusa- 
lem, Lon.,  p.  Svo.  Campaign  against  the  Kabailes  of  Al- 
geria, 8vo. 

'"  Mr.  Borrer  is  an  observant  and  painstaking  traTeller.  .  .  .  The 
season  has  not  produced  a  more  amusing  book." — I/mdon  Cntic. 

"  One  of  the  most  interesting  narratives  we  have  had  fur  many  a 
day." — Loudon  Examine): 

Borrow,  George,  a  native  of  Norfolk,  England,  has 
pub.  some  of  the  most  popular  books  of  the  age.  The 
Zincali;  or,  An  Account  of  the  Gipsies  of  Spain,  Lon.,  2 
vols.  p.  8vo,  184L 

"  A  genuine  book :  not  one  of  those  starved  pieces  of  modem 
manufacture.  .  .  .  There  is  no  taking  leave  of  a  book  like  this. 
Better  Christmas  fare  we  never  had  it  in  our  power  to  offer  our 
readt.'-s." — London  Athenaum. 

V  These  curious  and  most  attractive  pages." — L(mdon  Literary 
Gdzette.     See  Edinburgh  Keview,  Ixxiv.  45. 

The  Bible  in  Spain,  Lon.,  3  vols.  p.  8vo.,  1843. 

'' AVe  are  frequently  reminded  of  GilJJlasin  the  narratives  of  this 
pious,  single- he-ar ted  man.  As  a  book  of  adventures,  it  seems  to 
us  about  the  most  extraordinary  which  has  appeared  in  our  own 
or  any  other  language  for  a  long  time  past." — Lonxlon  Quarterly 
Keview.     See  Ediu.  Review,  Ixxvii.  105. 

Sir  Robert  F^l  in  the  Home  of  Commons,  AprU  11, 1843 : 

"  Difficulties ! !  were  they  to  be  deterred  from  proceeding  on  that 
account?  Let  them  look  at  Mr.  Borrow;  why  if  he  had  suffered 
himself  to  be  prevented  from  circulating  the  Bible  in  Spain  by  the 
difficulties  he  met  with,  he  could  never  have  spread  such  enlight- 
enment and  information  through  that  country." 

Lavengro  :  the  Scholar,  the  Gipsy,  and  the  Priest,  Lon., 
3  vols.  p.  Svo. 

'•  A  book  which  has  a  panoramic  unity  of  its  own.  and  of  which 
scarcely  a  page  is  without  its  proper  interest." — Tail's  Magazine. 

Autobiography,  Lon.,  1  vol.  12mo,  1851. 

"A  work  of  intense  interest,  including  extraordinary  adven- 
tures in  various  parts  of  the  world." 

BorthAvick,  George,  M.D.  Crystalline  Lens.  Edin., 
1775.  Svo.  Con.  to  Med.  Com.,  1772,  &c.  Annals  of  Med., 
1796.  &c. 

Borthwick,  John.  Observations,  &e.  on  Libel,  Lon., 
1830,  Svo. 

"  A  learned  and  excellent  work." 

Other  legal  treatises. 

Borthwick,  William.  Feudal  Dignities  of  Scot- 
land, Edin.,  1775,  Svo.  Remarks  on  British  Antiquities, 
Edin.,  1776,  Svo. 

"  These  northern  memoirs  will  be  thont^ht  curious  and  valuable 
by  the  anti(iuary." — MimUdy  ffevieiv,  177(i. 

Bosanquet,  Chas.    Commercial  treatises,  Lon..  1807. 

Bosanquet,  Edwin.  Paraphrase  of  Paul's  Epistle 
to  the  Romans,  Lon.,  lS-40.  Svo. 

Bosanquet,  J.  B.,  and  C.  Puller.  Legal  Reports, 
Lon.,  lSOO-07;  and  Lon.,  1S26,  5  vols.  roy.  Svo.  The  last 
English  edition  comprises  all  their  reports.  They  were 
continued  by  Taunton.  Brndorip,  and  Bingham. 

Bosanquet,  James  W.  Chronology  of  Daniel,  Ezra, 
and  Nehemiah  considered,  &c.,  Part  1,  Lon.,  18^8,  Svo. 

Bosanquet,  R.  W.  Remarks  on  Baptism  and  Re- 
generation, Lon.,  Svo.     Pusey  on  the  Eucharist. 

Bosanquet,  S.R.  Works  on  Theology.  Law,  Poli- 
tical Economy,  and  Logic.  The  Rights  of  the  Poor,  and 
Christian  Almsgiving  Vindicated. 

"  A  book  containing  more  valuable  information  relative  to  the 
statistics  of  economy  of  the  poor  than  all  the  pirliamentarv  re- 
ports ever  published.  The  book  should  be  read  by  all  who  "take 
the  slightest  interest  in  the  subject." — Britannia. 

Bosanquet,  W,  H.  Let.  to  J.  Wigram,  Lon.  1836,  Svo. 

Bosboon.  Plain  Description  of  the  Five  Orders  of 
Architecture,  with  cuts,  1676,  fol. ;  1679.  fol. 

Boscawen,  William,  1752-1811,  a  barrister,  was 
educated  at  Eton,  and  Exeter  College,  Oxford.  Treatise 
of  Convictions  on  Penal  Statutes.  Lon.,  1792,  Svo.  Tran.s. 
of  Horace  into  English  verse,  1793-98,  2  vols.  Svo.  The 
Progress  of  Satire,  &c.,  containing  Remarks  on  the  Pur- 
suits of  Literature.  1798;  a  Supplement  to  ditto,  1799. 
Original  Poems,  ISOl.  12mo. 

Mr.  Mathias  was  not  backward  in  returning  Boscawen's 
compliments  : 

''  I  never  shared  the  profits  of  the  gown. 
Nor  yet,  with  Horace  and  myself  at  war, 
For  rhyme  and  victuals  left  the  starving  bar. 

*'  This  was  lately  done  by  'William  Boscawen,  Esquire,  an  Eto- 
nian, Srst  a  Barrister  at  Law,  now  a  Commissioner  of  the  Victual- 
ling Office,  and  (by  an  easy  transition)  Translator  of  Horace. 
Negatas  artifex  sequi  voces.  (Pers.  Prol.)  In  this  revision  of  my 
work,  I  have  no  more  space  to  allot  to  Mr.  Boscawen.  or  to  his 
rhymes.  It  is  the  fete  of  some  men  to  describe  the  history  of  an 
art  without  making  any  progress  in  it  themselves;  to  write  verses 
without  inspiration,  and  satirical  poems  without  satire.  But 
what  said  Boileau? 


BOS 

'  Attaqner  C/mpelainV  &c.  ' 

Nothing,  indeed,  is  less  acceptable  than  plain  truth  to  irritable 
and  implacable  rhymers:  but  1  must  say  that  the  unresisting  im- 
becility of  Mr.  Boscawen's  translation  disarms  all   criticism." — 
Pursuits  of  Literature,  16th  edit. 
See  Mathias,  T.J. 

Bosquett,  Abraham.  The  Young  Man  of  Honour's 
Vade-Mecum  ;  being  a  Salutary  Treatise  on  Duelling,  ic, 
1S17.  12mo.  This  is  a  palpable  misnomer;  for  no  man 
foolish  and  guilty  enough  to  defy  God  by  fighting  a  duel, 
can  possibly  be  a  "Man  of  Honour."  The  man  who  re- 
fuses so  to  disgrace  himself  is  truly  the  "Man  of  Honour." 
Mr.  B.  pub.  some  Essays  on  Marine  subjects,  1818,  Svo. 
Bossewell,  John*  See  Boswell. 
Bostock,  John,  M.D.,  1773-1845.  b.  Liverpool.  This 
distinguished  physician  pub.  a  number  of  professional 
works.  We  notice  a  few:  Elementary  System  of  Physi- 
ology, Svo.  Essay  on  Respiration,  Svo.  History  and  Pre- 
sent State  of  Galvanism,  Svo.  Sketch  of  the  History  of 
Medicine,  Svo.  A  list  of  some  of  his  valuable  contribu- 
tions to  Med.  and  Phys.  Jour.,  Memoirs  Med.,  Nic.  Jour., 
and  Ann.  Phil.,  will  be  found  in  Watt's  Bib.  Brit. 

Bostock,Peter.  Sub.  of  some  serraons,Lon.,1630,8vo. 
Boston,  John,  a  monk  of  St.  Edmundsbury,  who  is 
supposed  to  have  died  1410,  was  one  of  the  first  collectors 
of  the  lives  of  English  waiters,  and  the  precursor  of  Le- 
land.  Bale,  and  Pits.  Speculum  Cocnobitarum;  editio  per 
Ant.  Hallium,  in  Trivet  Annal.,Oxon.,  1722,  Svo. 

■'He  searched  indefatigably  all  the  libraries  of  the  kingdom, 

and  wrote  a  catalogue  of  the  authors,  with  .short  opinions  of  them." 

"  After  the  ancient  discoveries  of  Boston  and  Leland,  there  hath 

been  nothing  attempted  but  some  rude  and   disproportiumible 

draughts  of  mean  and  ignorant  designers." — Aihen.  Oxon. 

Boston,  Robert,  Sermons  and  Discourses,  Edin., 
1753,  Svo. 

Boston,  Thomas.  Serm.  on  1  Thess.  v,  20,  21, 
1694,  Svo. 

Boston,  Thomas,  1676-1732,  was  a  native  of  Dunse, 
Scotland,  and  educated  at  the  University  of  Edinburgh. 
He  was  licensed  to  preach  in  the  Church  of  Scotland  in 
If)99,  accepted  the  parish  of  Simprin  in  the  same  year, 
and  in  1707  exchanged  it  for  that  of  Ettrick. 

Human  Nature  in  its  Fourfold  State,  1720  j  many  edi- 
tions. 

*'  One  of  our  best  books  for  common  readers.  The  sentences  are 
short,  and  the  comparisons  striking :  the  language  is  easy,  and  the 
doctrine  evangelical :  the  method  proper,  the  plan  comprehensive, 
the  manner  searching,  yet  consolatory.  If  another  celebrated 
treatise  is  styled '  The  Whole  Duty  of  Man.'  I  would  call  this  'The 
Whole  of  Man;'  as  it  comprises  what  he  was  originally  :  what  he 
is,  by  transgression:  what  he  should  he,  through  grace;  and  what 
he  iviU  be,  in  glory:'— Hervey's  Dialogues. 

"  One  of  the  best  systems  of  practical  divinity  ever  written." — 
Erasmus  Middleton. 
"  Practical  as  well  as  evangelical." — Bickersteth. 
"  One  of  the  few  felicitous  productions,  which,  by  its  own  in- 
trinsic claims  to  excellence,  has  wrought  its  way  to  singular  pre- 
eminence in  the  esteem  of  the  wise  and  good." — Lowndes. 

Tractatus  Stigmologicus  Hebra?o-Biblicus,  &e.,  Amst, 
1738,  4to.  This  Mr.  B.  first  wrote  in  English,  and  then 
trans,  it  into  Latin.  It  refers  to  the  accentuation  of  the 
Hebrew  Scriptures,  in  which  matter  he  thought  that  he 
had  made  an  important  discovery. 

"■After  all.  his  scheme  of  literal  interpretation,  and  his  doctrine 
of  the  divine  origin  of  the  points,  have  contributed  little  to  the 
better  understanding  of  the  Bible." — Orme. 

Hlustratious  of  the  Doctrines  of  the  Christian  Religion, 
Edin.,  1773,  3  vols.  Svo. 

'■  The  method  and  style  conduct  the  imagination  to  the  middle 
of  the  preceding  century.  The  iUustratious  are  very  plain  and 
familiar,  and  the  strain  eminently  practical.  .  .  .  lUs  P'ourfold 
State,  his  Treatise  on  the  Covenants.  Sermons,  and  other  practical 
pieces,  are  scriptural,  and.  as  to  sentiment,  judicious.  The  style 
is  plain,  without  artificial  ornament;  yet  illustrations  and  com- 
parisons often  stiiking." — Dr.  E.  Williams. 

A  Memorial  concerning  Personal  and  Family  Fasting 
and  Humiliation. 

"  This  little  work,  were  no  other  copy  to  be  had,  would  be  woHh 
its  weight  in  gold." 

The  Sermon  entitled,  The  Crook  in  the  Lot,  has  been 
greatly  commended  : 

"  A  precious  treasure  of  practical  and  experimental  Christianity, 
and  has  ever  been  held  in  the  highest  estimatirm  by  all  •  the  poor 
and  afflicted  people,'  who  trust  in  the  name  of  the  Lord." 

Complete  Works,  now  first  collected,  and  reprinted  with- 
out abridgment,  including  his  memoii-s,  written  by  him- 
self, carefully  edited  by  the  Rev.  Samuel  McMillan,  Lon., 
1S52,  12  vols.  Svo. 

Bostwick,  David,  b.  about  1720,  d.  1763,  a  minister 
of  the  Presbyterian  Church.  New  York.     Sermons,  1759, 
'65,  76.     A   treatise  in  defence  of   Infant  Baptism  was 
pub.  from  some  of  his  MS.  sermons  after  his  decease. 
"  It  is  an  able  production." 

aai 


BOS 

Bostwick,  H.,  M.D.,  of  New  York.  Venereal  Disease, 
X.  York,  1848,  4to.     Other  works. 

Boswell,  Sir  Alexander,  b.  1775,  eldest  son  of  the 
biographer  of  Dr.  Johnstm,  was  murdered  in  a  duel  by 
Mr.  Stuart  of  Dunearn,  March  26.  1822.  We  say  mur- 
dered, because  we  consider  all  deaths  in  duels  to  be  cases 
of  murder,  calling  fur  the  hangman's  rope  fur  the  survivor. 
If  both  parties  escape,  then  perpetual  imprisonment,  or 
tran.-^purtation  for  life,  should  preserve  society  from  the 
contagion  of  those  who  so  disgrace  it.  A  wise  man  never 
yet  fought  a  duel,  a  courageous  man  very  seldom.  As  a 
general  rule,  cowards  and  imbeciles  compose  the  ranks  of 
the  so-called  "Men  of  Honour."  See  Bosquett,  A.,  ante. 
Sir  Alexander  Boswell  was  a  member  of  the  Roxburghe 
Club,  one  of  the  originators  of  The  Warder,  a  celebrated 
Scotch  Tory  paper,  and  pub.  his  Songs,  chiefly  in  the 
Scottish  dialect,  1803.  Edinburgh,  or  the  Ancient  Roy- 
alty, 1810.  Clan  Alpin's  Vow,  1811.  See  Dibdin's  Lit 
Reminiscences. 

Boswell,  Edward.  Civil  Division  of  the  County 
of  Dorset,  Sherborne,  (1795,)  8vo.  Acts  of  Pari,  respect- 
ing Cavalry,  ic.     Part  1,  1798,  12mo. 

Boswell,  Geo.     Watering  Meadows,  Lon.,  1780,  8vo. 
'■  The  ess;iy  possesses  niueh  merit,  aud  b.is  not  been  surpassed 
by  the  usage  of  the  present  time." — Donaldson's  AgricuU.  Bif<g. 

Boswell,  H.  Antiquities  of  England  and  Wales, 
Lou.,  fol. 

Boswell,  Miss  H.  The  Idiot;  a  Novel,  Lon.,  1810, 
3  vols.  12mo. 

Boswell,  James,  1740-1795,  the  friend  and  biogra- 
pher of  Dr.  Johnson,  was  a  native  of  Edinburgh,  a  son 
of  a  judge,  who  was  called  Lord  Auchinleck  from  his  es- 
tate, in  conformity  to  Scottish  custom.  He  studied  law 
at  Edinburgh,  Glasgow,  and  Utrecht,  and  afterwards  be- 
came an  advocate  at  the  Scotch  bar.  Besides  the  great 
work  by  which  he  will  be  known  to  the  latest  generations, 
he  pub.  several  political,  legal,  and  literary  essays.  His 
Journal  of  a  Tour  to  Corsica,  pub.  Glasg.,  1768,  8vo,  was 
received  with  much  favour,  aud  was  trans,  into  the  Ger- 
man, Dutch,  Italian,  and  French  languages. 

■'  Your  Journal  is  curious  and  delightful,  I  know  not  whether 
I  could  name  any  narrative  by  which  curiosity  is  better  excited 
or  better  gratified." — Dr.  Johnson  to  Boswdl. 

His  introduction  to  Dr.  Johnson  occurred  May  16, 1763. 
Perhaps  no  one  who  has  read  Boswell's  amusing  account 
of  this  interview  will  ever  forget  it !  It  is  unnecessary  to 
enter  into  any  detail  respecting  a  matter  so  well  known 
as  the  character  of  James  Boswell.  The  reader  will  find 
a  review  of  Croker's  Boswell's  Johnson  in  the  Edinburgh 
Review  for  1831,  by  j\Ir.  Maoaulay,  in  which  these  three 
gentlemen  are  depicted  with  more  strength  of  colouring 
than  accuracy  of  drawing.  Boswell's  Life  of  Johnson 
did  not  appe.ar  until  1791,  2  vols.  4to,  six  years  after  the 
demise  of  his  subject.  The  sale  from  1791  to  1805  reached 
about  4000  copies.  We  cannot  better  occupy  our  space 
than  by  quoting  some  opinions  concerning  this  renowned 
work.  Mr.  John  Wilson  Croker  deserves  groat  credit  for 
his  excellent  edition  of  Boswell.  We  venture  this  asser- 
tion notwithstanding  the  unaccountable  attempt  of  Mr. 
Macaulay  to  depreciate  the  value  of  Mr.  C.'s  editorial  la- 
bours. We  beg  to  present  on  the  other  side  the  commen- 
dation of  an  authority  whose  decision  will  hardly  be 
questioned : 

"  The  edition  of  Boswell  by  my  able  .and  learned  friend,  Mr. 
Croker.  is  a  valuable  accession  to  literature ;  and  the  well-known 
accuracy  of  that  gentleman  gives  importance  to  his  labours." — 
Lord  BaouGH-iM;  ortide  "Jo7i7(SOT!."  in  Times  of  George  III. 

That  Mr.  Croker  has  occasionally  lost  his  way  in  a  wil- 
derness of  2500  notes,  cannot  be  disputed :  that  Mr.  Ma- 
caulay is  not  altogether  infallible,  is  equally  certain.  Our 
warm  admiration  of  Mr.  Macaulay's  remarkable  powers 
makes  us  the  more  regret  that  the  emharran  des  vicheeBes — 
the  fruit  of  his  vast  erudition — should  render  him  some- 
times unable  to  perceive  the  merit  of  those  whom  he  criti- 
cises. Mr.  Croker's  last  edit,  was  pub.  by  Mr.  Murray  in 
1848,  1  vol.  r.  8vo. 

■•  Boswell's  Life  of  Johnson  is  the  richest  dictionary  of  wit  and 
wisdom  any  language  can  boast  of;  and  its  treasures  may  now  be 
referred  to  with  infinitely  greater  ease  than  heretofore.  Enlarged 
.ind  illuminated  by  the  industrious  researches  and  the  sagacious 
running  criticism  of  Mr.  Croker.  it  is,  without  Annht — excepting 
a  few  immortal  monuments  of  creative  genius — that  Knglishbook 
which,  were  the  IsLind  to  be  sunk  to-morrow  with  all  its  inhabit- 
ants, would  be  most  prized  in  other  days  and  countries  by  the 
stud.uts  of  •  us  and  our  history.'  To  the  influence  of  Boswell  we 
owe  prolKibly  thret^fnurths  (*f  what  is  most  entertaining,  as  well 
as  nil  inconsiderable  portion  of  whatever  is  most  instructive,  in 
all  the  books  of  memoirs  that  have  subsequently  appeared.  A 
reaUii  guml  /^dfj- has  now,  for  the  first  time,  been  given  with  a  book 
that  .above  any  other  wanted  oue ;  and  we  pronounce  this  '  Bos- 
223 


BOS 

weir  the  best  edition  of  an  English  book  that  has  appeared."— 
Lon.  Quarterly  Review. 

V^G  might  adduce  many  more  testimonies  to  the  excel- 
lence of  Mr.  Croker's  edition.  Perhaps  a  dozen  such  are 
lying  before  us,  but  we  must  content  ourselves  with  the 
following :  . 

'■  We  cannot  believe  that  any  subsequent  improvement  will 
ever  be  made  upon  this  edition  ;  and  we  have  no  doubt  that  it  will 
excite  the  curiosity  and  reward  the  attention  of  the  reading  world. 
We  hope  that  we  shall  be  able  to  repeat  the  saying  of  a  distin- 
guished writer  of  the  last  ag.^'  Kvery  one  that  can  buy  a  book 
has  bought  Boswell."'— -Vo?-</i  .iwerican  Heriew. 

We  add  a  few  more  commendations  of  Boswell's  Johnson  : 
"  I  now  apprecLate.  with  a  keen  recollection  of  the  pleasure  which, 
in  common  with  every  tolerably  well-educated  Englishman,  I  have 
felt,  and  shall  continue  to  my  very  latest  hour  to  feel,  in  the  pe- 
rusal of  the  biography  of  Dr.  Samuel  Johnson,  by  .lames  Boswell, 
his  companion,  his  chronicler,  aud  his  friend.  This  fascinating, 
and  1  may  add  truly  original,  composition,  is  a  work  for  all  times. 
In  reading  it,  we  see  the  man — 

'  A'ir  ipse.  .  .  . 
Sic  oculus,  sic  ille  m.anus.  sic  ora  ferebat.' 
We  even  hear  his  voice,  and  observe  his  gesticulations.  The  growl 
of  discontent  and  the  shout  of  triumph  equally  pervades  our  ears. 
Walking,  sitting,  reading,  writing,  talking,  all  is, lohnsonian.  We 
pLace  Boswell's  Johnson  in  our  libraries,  as  an  enthusiast  hangs 
up  his  Gerard  Dow  in  his  cabinet — to  be  gazed  at  again  and  again ; 
to  feed  upon,  and  to  devour."— DiWiii's  Library  Ompanitm. 

"  In  these  memoirs  of  Dr.  Johnson  there  are  so  many  witty  say- 
ings, and  so  many  wise  ones,  by  which  the  world  if  it  pleases  may 
beat  once  entertained  and  improved,  that  1  do  not  regret  their 
publication." — Bishop  IIoene. 

"  Boswell's  Life  of  Johnson  is  one  of  the  best  books  in  the  world. 
It  is  assuredly  a  great,  a  very  great  work.  Homer  is  not  more  de- 
cidedly the  first  of  heroic  Poets.— Shakspeare  is  not  more  decidedly 
the  first  "f  Dram.atists. — Demoslhenes  is  not  more  decidedly  the 
first  of  (Irators.  than  Boswell  is  the  first  of  biogr.aphers.  Ue  has 
distanced  all  his  competitors  so  decidedly  that  it  is  not  worth  while 
to  place  them:  Eclipse  is  first,  and  all  the  rest  nowhere.  We  are 
not  sure  that  there  is  in  the  whole  history  of  the  human  intellect 
so  singular  a  phenomenon  as  this  book.  Many  of  the  greatest 
men  th:it  ever  lived  have  written  biography ;  Boswell  was  one  of 
the  smallest  men  that  ever  lived,  and  he  has  beaten  them  all." — 
T.  B.  M  \c.\0L.KY :  Efiin.  Review,  1831. 

"  Boswell's  Life  of  Johnson  is  such  a  masterpiece  in  its  particu- 
lar species,  as  perhaps  the  literature  of  no  other  nation,  ancient 
or  modern,  could  boast.  It  preserves  a  thousand  precious  anec- 
dotical  memorials  of  the  state  of  the  arts,  manners,  and  policy 
among  us  during  this  period  ;  such  as  must  be  invaluable  to  the 
philosophers  and  antiquaries  of  a  future  age."— C/iaimers's  Bwg. 
Diet. 

'■There  are  few  books  that  have  aflorded  more  amusement,  or 
probably  imparted  more  instruction,  than  wh.at  is  usually  called 
Boswtir's  Life  of  Johnson ;  which  is.  in  fact,  chiefly  Boswell's  repe- 
tition of  the  conversations  of  that  great  man  whose  name  adorns 
the  titli>p.age  of  his  work.  Perhaps  it  is  only  from  the  literary 
productions  of  Johnson  himself  and  scarcely  even  from  them,  that 
equal  advantage  is  to  be  reaiK'd." 

Mr.  Croker  calls  our  attention  to  the  important  t.act  that 
Boswell  really  eaic  very  little  of  his  great  friend : 

"  (if  above  Im-nty  years,  therefore,  that  their  acquaintance  lasted, 
periods  equivalent  in  the  whole  to  abcnit  thre^quarters  of  a  year 

only,  fell  under  the  personal  notice  of  Boswell It  appears 

from  the  Life,  that  Mr.  Boswell  visited  England  a  dozen  times  dur- 
ing his  acquaintance  with  Dr.  Johnson,  and  that  the  number  of 
days  in  which  they  met  were  about  180,  to  which  is  to  be  added 
the  time  of  the  Tour,  when  they  were  together  from  the  l.Sth  Au- 
gust to  the  22d  November,  1773;  in  the  whole  about  27U  days. 
The  number  of  pages  in  the  separate  editions  of  the  two  works  is 
3.^2S,  of  which  1320  are  occupied  by  the  history  of  these  276;  so 
that  a  Uttle  less  than  an  hundredth  part  of  Dr.  Johnson's  life  occu- 
pies a6ore  one-Aa!/' of  Mr.  Boswell's  work.  .  .  .  Every  one  must  re- 
gret that  his  pi-'rsonal  intercourse  with  his  great  friend  was  not 
more  frequent  or  more  continued." — Prefaee. 
See  Boswell's  Letters  to  W.  J.  Temple,  Lon.,  1856,  8vo. 
Boswell,  James,  second  son  of  the  above,  edited 
Malone's  edition  of  Shakspeare's  Plays  and  Poems,  Lon., 
1821,  21  vols.  Svo. 

*'  Containing  a  vast  quantity  of  matter  illustrative  of  Shakspeare 
and  his  times,  by  various  eminent  authors." 

He  was  a  member  of  the  Roxburghe  Club,  and  pub.  for 
it  Poems,  by  Richiird  Barnficld,  1S16,  4to,  34  copies;  A 
Roxburghe  Garland,  1817,  12mo.  See  a  specimen  in  this 
volume  of  Mr.  B.'s  poetical  talents, — L'Envoy.  Memoir 
of  the  late  Edmund  Malone,  Lon.,  1S14,  Svo,  reprinted 
from  the  Gent.  Mag. 

Boswell,  Johu.  Workes  of  Armorie  devyded  into 
throe  bookcs  entituled,  The  Concords  of  Armorie,  The 
Armorie  of  Honor,  aud  of  Coats  and  Crestes,  Lon.,  1572- 
97,  4to. 

Boswell,  John,  prebendary  of  Wells,  &c.  Sermon, 
1730,  8vo.  A  Method  of  Study,  or  a  Useful  Library,  with 
a  Catalogue  of  Books,  Lon.,  1738,  2  vols.  8vo.  Remarks, 
Ac.,  1750-51. 

Boswell,  John.  Dissertatio  Inaug.  de  Ambra.  Lugd. 
Bat,  1736,  4to. 

BosAVell,  J.  W.   Phil.  Con.  to  Nic.  Jour.,  1801,  '05,  '06. 
Boswell,  P.     1.  Bees,  Pigeons,  Rabbits,  and  Canary- 
Birds,  N.York,  18mo.     2.  Poultry- Yard,  18mo. 


BOS 


BOU 


Bosworth,  Joseph,  D.D.,  F.R.S..  F.S.A.,  &c.,  h.  1788, 
iu  Derbyshire ;  avud.  at  Aberdeen  as  M. A.,  and  subsequently 
prueeeiled  LL.D.  iu  the  same  university.  Iu  order  to 
become  a  clergyman  of  the  Church  of  England,  he  at  an 
early  age  taught  himself  Hebrew, — reading  the  language 
with  the  cognate  dialects  Chaldee,  Syriac,  and  Arabic, 
(irad.  as  M.A.  and  Ph.  D.  at  Leyden  ;  took  the  degree  of 
li.D.  iu  Trinity  Coll..  Camb.  IS?A,  and  D.D.  in  ISS'J;  also 
D.D.  ad  enndcin  at  Oxford  iu  1847.  Dr.  B.  is  a  member 
of  the  principal  scientific  and  literary  societies  of  the  world. 
1.  Introduction  to  Latin  Construing.  2.  Eton  Greek  Gram. 
'i.  Elements  of  Anglo-Saxon  Grammar,  Lon.,  1823,  8ro. 

"  This  work  will  prove  a  most  valuable  acfjui.^ition  to  the  library 
of  the  philologer  and  antiquary.  The  introduction,  on  the  Origin 
and  Progress  of  Alphabetic  Writing,  displays  considerable  learning 
and  ability." — Lou.  <-\nt.  Mag. 

4.  Practical  Means  uf  Reducing  the  Poor's  Rate,  1824. 
'■  We  have  never  perused  a  pamphlet  more  replete  with  sound 

sense  and  practical  information  than  the  present." — Critical  Gas., 
^ept.  1S24. 

5.  Book  of  Common  Prayer,  English  and  Dutch,  12mo. 
1838.  6.  Dictionary  of  the  Anglo-Saxon  Language,  Svo, 
1838,  42«. 

"  This  volume  contains,  within  a  moderate  compass,  a  complete 
apparatus  for  the  study  of  Anglr)-Saxon.  Copious,  accurate,  cheap, 
— embodying  the  whole  results  of  Anglo-Saxon  scholarship, — there 
is  no  other  work  of  the  kind,  that  can  be  put  in  comparison  with  it. 
It  is  tin-  fruit  of  ripe  scholarship,  enlarged  views,  and  many  years' 
severe  and  patient  labour." — Edin.  Rev. 

7.  A  Compendious  Anglo-Saxon  and  English  Dictionary, 
1848  :  abridgment  of  No.  6.  8.  Origin  of  the  English,  Ger- 
manic, and  Scandinavian  Nations.  1848,  8vo.  2Lls.  9.  Origin 
of  the  Danish,  and  an  Abstract  of  Scandinavian  Literature. 
10.  Origin  of  the  Dutch,  with  a  Sketch  of  their  Language 
and  Literature;  2d  ed.  11.  King  Alfred's  Anglo-Saxon 
Version  of  the  Compendious  History  of  the  World  by 
Orosius,  ]8o(),  8vo,  16«.  12.  Description  of  Europe,  and 
the  Voyages  of  Othere  and  Wulfstan,  written  in  Anglo- 
Saxon  by  King  Alfred  the  Great,  1855.  Only  50  copies 
printed,  £3  3s.  Dr.  B.  is  preparing  the  Anglo-Saxon  and 
Moeso-Gothic  Gospels  in  parallel  columns ;  also  a  new  and 
enlarged  ed.  of  liis  Auglo-Saxou  Dictionary. 

Bosworth,  Xewton.    Accidents  of  Life,  Lon.,  1812. 

Bosworth,  William*  The  Chast  and  Lost  Lovers 
lively  shadowed  in  the  Persons  of  Arcadius  and  Sepha, 
<fee.,  Lon..  151)1?  Svo.  Bibl.  Anglo-Poet.,  65,  £3  13s.  &d, 
"Warton  remarks  that  it  would  appear  from  the  following 
passage  in  the  preface  to  this  volume,  that  Christopher  Mar- 
lowe was  a  favourite  with  Ben.  Jonson. 

'•The  strength  of  his  fancy,  and  the  shadowing  of  it  in  words, 
he  [Bosworth]  takoth  from  Mr.  Marlow  in  his  Hero  and  Leander. 
whose  mitrbty  lines  ^Ir.  lienjamin  lonson  (a  man  sensible  enough 
of  his  own  abilities)  was  often  heard  to  say  that  they  were  examples 
fitter  for  admiration  than  for  parallel." 

Boteler,  Edward.     Sermons,  1G61,  '62,  '64,  '66. 

Boteler,  Nath.  Sermons,  1659.   Dialogues,  1685,  Svo. 

Boteville,  Francis,  assisted  Holinshed  in  his  Chro- 
nicles. 

"  A  man  of  great  learning  and  judgment,  and  a  wonderful  lover 
of  antiquities." 

Botomlcy,  S.     Grace  displayed.  1806. 

Botoner,  William,  or  William  Worcester,  h. 

about  1415,  d.  1490,  a  native  of  Bristol,  England,  studied  at 
Hart  Hall.  Oxford,  1434.  Cicero  de  Senectute,  1475,  trans, 
from  the  French.  Itinerary;  Cantab.,  1778,  Svo.  Anti- 
quities of  England.  Abbreviations  of  the  Learned,  and 
other  works. 

Bott,  Edmund.  Statutes  and  Decisions  respecting 
the  Poor  Laws,  1771. 

Bott,  Thomas,  1688-1754,  a  divine  of  the  Church  of 
England,  pub.  theolog.  works,  1724-30.  His  best-known 
work  is  An  Answer  to  vol.  1st  of  Warburton's  Divine  Le- 
gation of  Moses,  Lon.,  1743,  Svo. 

''  Mr.  Bott.  seems  to  proceed  in  what  may  be  called  a  Socratic 
Logic.  He  grants  for  a  time  the  proposition,  and  helps  the  oppo- 
nent to  confute  himself,  merely  hy  showing  him  the  absurd  con- 
sequences.'' 

Mr.  Warburton  made  no  reply  to  this  stricture. 

Bottomley,  J.     A  Dictionary  of  Music,  1816. 

Boncher,  John,  d.  1818.  Twenty-two  Sermons,  New- 
castle. 1820,  12mo. 

"  They  are  for  the  most  part  plain  and  parochial  Discourses  upon 
some  important  subjects  of  practical  reli^^ion.  The  author  w.as  a 
man  of  superior  talents  and  of  sound  learning." — Tide  Preface. 

Boucher,  Jonathan,  1738-1804.  a  native  of  Cum- 
berland, England,  emigrated  to  America  when  16,  and  re- 
ceiving holy  orders,  became  rector  of  Hanover,  then  of 
St.  Mary,  Virginia,  nnd  subsequently  rector  of  St.  Anne, 
Annapolis,  ami  Queen  Anne,  in  Prince  George's  county, 
Maryland.  A  View  of  the  Causes  and  Consequences  of 
the  American  Revolution,  Lon.,  1797,  Svo.  The  Cumber- 
land Man,  1792;  (anon.)     Two  Assize  Sermons,  1799,  4to. 


During  the  last  14  years  of  his  life  he  was  engaged  in  pre- 
paring a  glossary  of  Provincial  and  Archaic  words,  intended 
as  a  sui}]dement  to  Johnson's  Dictionary.  He  issued  his 
proposals  in  1802,  under  the  title  r»f  Linguae  Anglicana; 
Veteris  Thesaurus.  He  did  not  live  to  complete  his  de- 
sign. In  1804  the  words  under  the  letter  A  were  published, 
and  in  1832  (the  proprietors  of  the  English  edition  of  Dr. 
Webster's  Dictionary  purchased  Mr.  B.'s  MSS.)  appeared 
Boucher's  Glossary  of  Archaic  and  Provincial  Words,  edited 
by  the  Rev.  J.  Hunter  and  Joseph  Stevenson,  &e.,  parts 

1  and  2,  4to.  This  collection  i>rofesses  to  contain:  I.  A 
large  collection  of  words  occurring  in  early  English  Au- 
thors, not  to  be  found  in  other  works.  II.  Additional  il- 
lustrations of  some  words  which  are  found  iu  those  Dic- 
tionaries. III.  Relics  of  the  old  language  of  the  English 
Nation.  IV.  An  Introductory  Essay  on  the  origin  and 
history  of  the  language. 

Bouchery,  W.  Paraphrasis  in  Deborae  et  Baraci 
Canticura,  Camb.,  1706,  4to. 

Bouchette,  Jos.     British  Dominions  in  N.  America, 

2  vols.  4tn.     Topographical  D.  of  Lower  Canada. 
Bouchier,  Barton.     Outlines  of  Grecian  History. 

"  A  pleasing  and  useful  introduction  for  young  readers  to  a  his- 
tory of  larger  extent,  and  many  of  maturer  years  may  find  inte- 
rest in  its  perusal." 

Bondier,  John.  Plain  and  Practical  Sermons,  Lon., 
1818,  Svo. 

*'Very  good  specimens  of  familiar  parochial  instruction." — 
Chri^stian  Bemeinl-ranrer. 

Bondiuot,  Elias,  1740-1821,  an  eminent  philanthro- 
pist, a  native  of  Philadelphia.  Age  of  Revelation,  or  the 
Age  of  Reason  an  Age  of  Infidelity,  1790;  again,  1801. 
Oration,  1793.  Second  Advent  of  the  Messiah,  1815. 
Star  in  the  West.  1S16.  In  this  work  Mr.  B.  expresses 
the  opinion  that  the  N.  American  Indians  compose  the 
Lost  Tribes  of  Israel. 

Bou^hen,  Edward.    Theolog.  works,  Lon.,  1620-73. 

Bou^hen,  Edward.     Sermon,  1714,  Svo. 

Boughtou,  Sir  C.  W.  B.  R.  Sub.  of  a  Speech, 
1798,  Svo. 

BonghtOU,  Sir  G.  B.  Military  and  Political  Con- 
siderations relative  to  G.  Britain  and  her  Oriental  Colonies, 
1808,  Svo. 

Boult,  Swinton.  The  Law  and  Practice  relative  to 
Joint-Stock  Companies,  Lon. 

"A  judicious  pamphlet,  well  timed,  and  written  by  a  man  evi- 
dently conversant  with  the  subject." — London  Standard. 

"It  will  be  read  with  much  interest  by  all  who  are  concerned 
in  Joint-.Stock  Companies." — Albion. 

Boulter,  Hugh,  1671-1742.  Bishop  of  Bristol,  1719. 
Archbishop  of  Armagh,  Lord  Primate  of  Ireland,  1724, 
was  born  in  or  near  London,  and  educated  at  Christ  Church, 
Oxford.  His  character  was  most  exemplary.  Ho  pub. 
eleven  separate  sermons,  1714-22.  and  several  charges. 
His  Letters  to  several  Ministers  of  State  in  England,  rela- 
tive to  Transactions  in  Ireland,  from  1724-38,  were  pub. 
Oxf.,  1769-70,  2  vols.  Svo. 

"They  contain  the  most  authentic  account  of  Ireland  for  the 
period  in  which  they  were  written." — Editor  of  the  Letters. 

Boulton.  Vindication  of  a  Complete  History  of  Ma- 
gick.  Sorcery,  and  Witchcraft,  1722,  Svo. 

Boulton,  Dean  of  Carlisle.  Three  Essays  on  the  Em- 
plovmont  of  Time,  Lon.,  1754,  Svo. 

Boulton,  D'Arcy.     Sketch  of  U.  Canada,  1805,  4to. 

Boulton,  Richard.  Med.  and  other  works,  Lon., 
1697-1724. 

Boulton,  Samuel.  Medicina  magica  tamen  Phy- 
sica.  Lon.,  16j6.  and  1665,  Svo.     A  curious  work. 

Bonn,  Abr.  Tithes,  1650.  The  Clergy,  1051,  Lon.,  12mo. 

Bouncher,  Samuel,    Sermon,  1693,  4to. 

Bound,  Nic.     See  Bownp. 

Bounden,  Jos.  Fatal  Curiosity  ;  a  Poem,  1805.  12mo. 

Bouquet,  Henry.  Account  of  the  Exp.  against  the 
Ohio  Indians,  &c.,  1766, 4to.     See  Allen's  Amer.  Biog.  Diet. 

Bour,  Arthur.  A  Worthy  Myrrour,  wherein  ye  may 
Marke  an  Excellent  Discourse  on  a  Breeding  Larke,  Lon., 
sine  ftuno;  broadside. 

Bourchier,  Sir  John.     See  Berners.  Lord. 

Bourchier,  Thomas.  Historia  Ecclesiastica  de 
Martyrio  Fratrum  Ordinis  D.  Francisci.  Ac,  Paris,  1582, 
Svo;  in  Brit.  Museum  and  Bodleian  Library.  This  volume 
contains  much  interesting  matter  relative  to  Irish  eccle- 
siastical history. 

Bourke,  Jos.,  Abp.  of  Tunm.     Sermon.  1776,  4to. 

Bourke,  Lt.  Gen,  Sir  Richard,  K.C.B.,  assisted 
Earl  Fitzwilliam  in  editing  the  correspondence  (pub.  in 
1844)  of  Sir  Richard's  illustrious  relative,  the  great  Ed- 
mund Burke. 

Bourke,  Thomas.     History  of  the  Moors  in  Spain 

223 


BOU 


BOU 


,     .    -r  .  f  L^    ^  r,        L       1-11  ii    ■    c      117,-,^.,!    I  rnl  nootrv  who  have  seen  the  translations  of  Vincent  Bourne,  par- 

from  their  Inrasion  of  that  Country  till  their  final  Expul-    ™^^;^y^™  of  the  ballads  of  Tweedside.  William  and  Margaret, 


Bion  from  it,  Lon.,  1811,  4to. 

Bonrkc,  Ulick,  M;irquis  of  Clanricanle.     Memoirs 
and  Letters,  containing  Original  Papers  anil  Letters  of  I 
K.  Charles  IL  and  others  from  1650  to  1653,  Ac.,  Lon.,  ' 
1722,  Svo.     Memoirs  and  Letters ;  as  above,  16il-53,  Lon., 
1757,  fol. 

Bourn,  Abr.    Letter  on  the  Oh.  of  England,  1755,  Svo. 
Bourn,  or  Bourne,  Immauuel,  1590-1072,  a  di- 
vine of  the  Church  of  England,  educnted  at  Christ  Cliurih, 
Oxford,  preached  at  St.  Sepulchre's,   Loudon.     Thcolog. 
works,  1617-69. 

"This  person  was  well  read  in  the  fathers  and  schoolmen.  — 
Atheti.  0:cmi.  . 

Bourn,  Samuel,  of  Bolton.     The  Transforming  Vi- 
eion  of  Christ  in  the  Future  State,  1722,  Svo.     A  Sermon, 
1722,  Svo. 
Bourn,  Samuel,  of  Birmingham.     Twenty  Sermons, 

1755,  Svo.  ,       ,        ...... 

"  The  doctrine  of  the  Destructionists  is  largely  maintained  in 
these  sermons." 

Other  sermons,  173S-54. 

Bourn,  Samuel,  assistant  to  John  Taylor,  of  Nor- 
wich, was  the  founder  of  a  sect  of  Universalisis,  called 
after  him,  Bourncans.  Fifty  Sermons  on  Various  Sub- 
jects, Critical,  Philosophical,  .and  Moral,  Norwich,  1777, 
2  vols.  Svo.     Other  sermons,  1752,  'CO,  '6.5. 

'■  His  style  is  si  mni.'.  nervous,  and  manly,  clear.  intelliKiWo  and 
concise,  and  the  slivntuiv  of  his  sentences  well  adapted  to  the 
pulpit."— iiJi.  M"iillih/  l:,  CI.  ic. 

''  Specimen  of  a  f^ond  style  for  sermons." — Job  Orton. 
Bourn,  Samuel.  Treatises  on  Wheel  Carriages,  Lon., 
176S,  '7:'.,  Svo. 

Bourn,  Thomas.    Gazetteer  of  the  most  Remarkalsle 

Places  in  the  World,  Lon.,  1S07,  Svo:  .3d  edit.,  1822,  Svo. 

•■  We  "ivatly  approve  this  work."— ion.  Criliai!  HevieM. 

"Such  a  body  of  information  and  entertainment  within  the 

same  comp.ass,  we  do  not  remember  to  have  seen." — Lim.  New 

il.mthhi  M'ig. 

Bourne,  Benj.  The  Description  and  Confutation  of 
the  Familists,  T,on.  1646,  4to. 

Bourne,  diaries.  1.  Proceedings,  ic.  in  K.  Bench. 
2.  Rules.  Ac.  of  K.  Bench,  17S:!-S5. 

Bourne,  Rev.  Ileury.  Anti.iuitates  Vulgares;  or, 
The  Antiquities  of  the  Common  People,  Newcastle,  1725, 
Svo.  This  work  was  rcpub.  in  1777,  Svo,  at  Newcastle, 
with  copious  additions,  by  John  Brand;  again,  L"ii.,  ISIO, 
Svo;  anil  a  new  edition  greatly  enlarged,  Lon..  1SI.1,  2 
vols.  4to,  by  Sir  Henry  Ellis.  See  Quarterly  Review,  xi. 
269-285  ;  Brand,  Jobs.  History  of  Newcastle-upon-Tyne, 
Newc.,  1736,  fol.  In  the  compilation  of  this  work.  Mr.  B. 
was  under  obligations  to  Christopher  Huuter,  M.B.  See 
Nichols's  Lit.  Anecdotes,  vol.  viii.  283. 

Bourne,  John.  Railways  in  India,  Lon.,  Svo.  Ca- 
techism of  the  Steam  Engine.  Lon.,  12mo. 

"  No  book  ever  published  conveys  more  useful  and  practical  in- 
formation on  the  subject  than  this  Catechism,  .ts  a  popular  trea- 
tise, it  is.  beyond  comparison,  thy  best  and  fullest  we  have  yet 
seen." — Lon.  Eailwat/  Gazette. 

Treatise  on  the  Steam  Engine,  Lon.,  4to. 
"  Of  priceless  value  to  engine-makers  and  engint^iLsers,  contain- 
ing a  vast  amount  of  practical  informatiou  on  the  subject  of  the 
steam  emjine,  such  as  is  to  be  met  with  nowhere  else." — Lfm.  Me- 
chanic^ Mag. 

Treatise  on  the  Screw  Propeller,  4to. 
Bourne,  J.  C.     1.  Views  on  the  tilreat  Western  Bail- 
way,  Lim.,  l.S4fi,  fol.,  £4  14s.  0i7.     2.  Views  on  the  London 
aud  Birniingliam  Railway,  1839,  fob,  £4  14».  M. 

Bourne^  Nic.  Dispute,  concerning  Religion,  between 
Nic.  Bourne  and  the  Ministers  of  the  Kirk  of  Scotland, 
Paris,  15S1,  Svo. 

Bourne,  Itobert,  M.D.,  1769-1830,  Oxon.,  1787, 
Professor  of  tlie  Practice  of  Physic  in  the  University  of 
Oxford.  Introiluc.  Lect.  to  a  Course  on  Chemistry,  Lon., 
1797,  Svo.  Oratio,  Lon.,  1797,  4to.  Cases  of  Pulmonary 
Consumption,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1S05,  Svo. 

Bourne,  Vincent,  d.  1747,  an  usher  in  Westminster 
school,  was  elected  to  the  University  of  Cambridge  in  1714. 
His  Latin  poetry  was  greatly  admired.  Poemata,  Lon., 
!  1734,  Svo.  Poemata  Latino  partim  reddita,  partim  scripta, 
Lon.,  1750,  12nio.  Miscell.  Poems.  Originals  and  Trans- 
lations. Lon.,  1772,  4to.  Poetical  Works,  with  his  Letters, 
Lon.,  1808,  2  vols.  12mo.  Cowper,  who  was  his  pupil  at 
Westminster,  speaks  of  his  poetry  in  the  highest  terms : 

"  I  lovti  the  memory  of  Viuny  Bourne.  I  think  him  a  better 
Latin  t'oet  than  Tibullus,  Propertius,  Ausouius,  or  any  of  tho 
writers  in  his  way,  except  Ovid,  and  not  at  all  inferior  to  him." 

Dr.  Beattie,  referring  to  Boileau's  ignorance  of  any  good 
poets  in  England  till  Addison  presented  him  with  tho 
Musa;  Anglioanae,  remarks  that 

"  Those  foreigners  must  entertain  a  hij-'h  opinion  of  our  p.asto- 


id  Howes  Despairing  beside  a  dear  stream,  of  which  it  is  nocoiu- 
plimeut  to  say.  that  in  sweetness  of  numbers,  and  ele;.-aiit  expres- 
sion they  are  at  least  etiual  to  the  originals,  and  scarce  Inferior  to 
any  thing  in  Ovid  or  TiliuUus."— BeaHie's  Essays.  See  also  Ilay- 
ley  s  Life  of  Cowper;  Welch's  Westminster  Scholars ;  Canta- 
bricieusea  Graduati ;  Chalmers's  Biog.  Diet.  ,,.„   t 

Bourne,  William.  Almanack  for  1671.  72,  73,  Lon.. 
1671,  Svo.  Inueutions,  or  Denises,  1578,  4to.  The  Trea- 
sure'for  Travellers,  1578,  4to.  A  curious  work.  Alma- 
iiacke  for  10  years,  1580,  Svo.  A  Regiment  for  the  Sea, 
1584,  4to.  The  Arte  of  Shooting  in  Great  Ordinance, 
1587.  4to. 

Bourns,  Charles.  The  Principles  and  Practice  of 
Surveying,  Lon.,  Sv,o,  3d  edit. 

"  It  contains  all  that  is  required  to  render  it  not  only  a  source 
of  instruction,  but  also  a  most  excellent  work  of  reference."— 
Mimvq  Journal.  ,       ,._.., 

"  On  Engineering  Survevine  there  is  much  valu.ahle  informa- 
tion, which  subject  has  hitherto  been  strangely  neglected."— Zfiifr- 
lin  I'orlcl. 

Bouse.  Henry.     Lett,  to  Ld.  King  on  Bankers,  1S04. 
Bouseil.  John.     Quaker  works,  1790-93,  Svo. 
BoustieUl,   Beiij.     Obs.  on    Burke's  Pamph.,  Lon., 

Boutcher,  >Vm.  On  Forest  Trees;  with  Directions 
for  planting  Hedges,  &<-..  Lon.,  1772,  4to. 

BoutcU,  Uev.  Charles.  Christian  Monuments  in 
England  and  Wales,  Lon.,  r.  Svo.  The  Monumental  Brasses 
of  England;  149  engravings  on  wood,  r.  Svo,  and  fol. 

"  Eiich  number  of  Jlr.  Boutell's  collection  might  form  the  text 
of  a  moiwraph  on  Medi;rv.al  Costume  in  its  three  great  divisions. 
Military,  Ecclesiastical,  and  Secular."-JrcftOT%icai  Journal,  vol. 

^''Monumental  Brasses  and  Slabs;  with  200  illustrations, 
Svo,  aud  r.  Svo. 

■■Tbe  whole  work  has  a  look  of  painstaking  completeness, 
highly  comuiendable."- inndmi  Athr.nmim. 

Bouverie, Sophia.  St.  Justin,  Lon.,  1808,3  vols.l2mo. 

Bouvet,  T.    1.  Muscovite  Emiiire.   2.  Life  of  Emperor 

Cang-hy,  Lon.,  1699,  Svo.   At  the  time  when  this  work  was 

published,  very  little  was  known  of  China  and  its  people. 

Within   the  last  twenty  years  (1836-56)  many  valuable 

works  on  these  subjects  have  appeared.     

Bouvier,  Hannah  M.,b.  1811,  at  Philadelphia,  only 
child  of  the  succeeding,  and  the  inheritor  of  his  ardent  love 
of  knowledge,  devotion  to  study,  and  rcin.arkable  powers 
of  mental  analysis,  in  addition  to  the  ordinary  routine  of 
a  liberal  education,  has  cultivated  with  eminent  success 
the  hi"hcr  branches  of  astronomical  science.  In  1857,  she 
»ave  t'o  the  world  the  results  of  her  studious  application  in 
%  volume  entitled  Familiar  Astronomy;  or.  An  Intro- 
duction to  the  Study  of  the  Heavens,  Illustrated  by  Celes- 
tial Maps  and  upwards  of  200  linely-executed  Engravings. 
To  which  is  added  A  Treatise  on  the  Globes,  and  a  Com- 
prehensive Astronomical  Dictionary,  [with  a  copious 
Index  1  for  the  Use  of  Schools,  Families,  aud  Private  Stu- 
dents, Phila.,  1857,  Svo,  pp.  499.  This  admirable  manual 
at  once  elicited  the  enthusiastic  commendation  of  many  of 
the  most  distinguished  astronomers  both  in  Great  Britain 
and  America,— viz. :  Lord  Rosso,  Sir  John  F.  W.  Herschcl, 
Sir  David  Brewster,  Rear-Admiral  W.  H.  Smyth,  J.  Russell 
Hind,  John  Narrien,  G.  B.  Airy,  J.  P.  Nichol,  Dr.  Lardner, 
Dr  Dick.  AViUiam  Lassell.  George  Bishop,  A.  De  Morgan, 
Rev  W  11  Dawes,  W.  C.  Bond,  B.  A.  Gould,  Jr.,  Lient. 
Maurv,'Dcnison  Olmsted,  W.  H.  C.  Bartlett,  Stephen  Alex- 
ander, and  Elias  Loomis.  We  annex  a  few  quotations  from 
these  opinions : 

"  I  consider  it  a  work  of  great  v.alue.  It  is  evidently  the  resuU 
of  a  careful  consideration,  not  only  of  the  different  branches  i^I 
astronomy  properly  so  called,  (as  embodied  in  tbe  publication  .if 
various  kinds  which  have  attracted  great  attention  in  the  present 
day  especially  the  records  of  new  classes  and  with  new  instiu- 
nieiits,)  but  also  of  the  collateral  sciences,— optics,  for  example. 
8o  far  as  I  know,  no  work  which  1  have  scon,  of  a  parlly-lanubai 
character,  contains  so  much  accurate  information  on  astronomy. 
— Ueo  BlDDELL  AlRV,  AstroHonwr  Eoyal  nf  England,  ^m.  4,  ISoo. 

"  I  consider  it  a  work  very  well  calculated  to  give  an  accurate 
knowledge  of  the  principal  facts  of  astronomy  and  to  prepare  .a 
yoiui"  student  for  the  perusal  of  works  of  a  more  abstruse  and 
teiliiiical  nature."— Sm  John  F.  W.  IlEnsCHEL,  March  2, 1S6|. 

" '  Familiar  Astronomy'  is  a  work  exhibiting  the  scientific  zeal 
and  intelligence  of  its  author;  and  from  tbe  method  of  question 
and  answer  it  appears  to  be  admirably  adapted  for  teaching  that 
deliL'litfiil  science."— REAK-Al)MlE.it  W.  II.  Smyth. 

"  I  bave  inspected  the  greater  part  of  the  volunie,and  have  termed 
a  very  lii^'h  opinion  of  it  and  of  the  genius  and  laborious  investiga- 
tions of  the  authoress.  It  is  a  work  which  embraces  almost  every 
thill"  requisite  for  imparting  to  general  readers  a  knowledge  of 
every  brincb  ,,1'  a«tr.,n,.mical  science;  and  the  information  it  com- 
municates is  both  amiilc  and  correct.  Tbe  volume  is  handsomely 
eot  up:  the  pictorial  illustrations  are  beautiful  and  accurate,  par- 
ticularly those  which  exhibit  the  nebula:  and  other  phenomena  of 
the  sideVe^.l  heaveus."- Db.  Dick,  Dec.  '27, 1850. 


BOU 


BOW 


"Tlie  leading  facts  of  astronomy  «p  to  tho  present  time  are  ac- 
curately and  clearly  stated:  and  in  the  selection  of  materials,  the 
arrangement  and  style,  the  work  appeals  to  be  the  best  elementary 
b.Htk  I   have  seen.' — Lord  Rosse,  t/te  owner  of  the  great   Rosse 

"  lu  this  list  we  must  not  omit  mention  of  a  remarliuMi'  Aim  ti- 
can  woman,  who  has  achieved  signal  success  in  tlir  s,  i,imi  ,i1 
astronomy, — who,  in  fact,  may  justly  be  termed  thr  Mm  .-i  m^i- 
ville  of  the  United  States."— TRiiBN£R :  BibliograpUital  Uutdt^ 
new  ed..  1S5.S. 

Bouvier,  John,  1787-1S51,  Recorder  of  the  City  of 
Philadelphiii,  Associate  Judge  of  the  Court  of  Criminal 
Sessions  in  the  same  city,  and  an  eminent  legal  wriler, 
was  a  native  of  the  village  of  Codognan  in  the  department 
of  Gard,  in  the  south  of  France.  Having  been  a  resident 
of  America  since  his  15th  year,  and  identifying  his  name 
with  American  and  English  jurisprudence,  we  need  make 
no  apology  for  enrolling  the  name  of  Judge  Bouvier  in  a 
list  of  British  and  American  authors.  The  first  indication 
which  John  Bouvier  exhibited  of  that  remarkable  power 
of  analysis  which  eminently  distinguished  his  mind,  was 
the  production  of  an  abridgment  of  Bhickstone's  Commen- 
taries, the  fruit  of  his  leisure  hours  whilst  preparing  for 
admission  to  the  bar.  In  1839  he  pub.  a  work,  which, 
with  all  the  rest  of  his  useful  and  laborious  compilations, 
has  attained  great  and  deserved  popularity  : 

A  Law  Dictionary,  adapted  to  the  Constitution  and 
Laws  of  the  United  States  of  America,  and  of  the  several 
States  of  the  American  Union;  witli  Beferences  to  tho 
Civil  and  other  Systems  of  Foreign  Law.  Phila.,  2  vols. 
4th  edit,  revised,  improved,  and  greatly  enlarged,  Phila., 
1853,  2  vols.  r.  Svo.  The  following  excellent  mottoes, 
than  which  nothing  better  could  have  been  chosen,  appear 
on  the  title-page  : 
"  Ignorantis  terminis  i^norantur  et  ars." — Co.  Litt.  2  a. 
"  Je  sais  que  ehaque  science  et  ehaque  art  a  ses  termes  propres, 
inconnu  au  commun  des  hommes." — Fledry. 

A  layman's  commendation  of  a  profound  professional 
work  very  properly  carries  with  it  but  little  weight.  For 
this  cause,  and  other  obvious  reasons,  we  have  always 
preferred,  in  our  Eneycloptedia,  to  adduce  the  opinions  of 
eminent  authorities  upon  works  respecting  which  similar 
pursuits  had  authorized  a  judgment  at  once  intelligent  and 
ex  cathedra. 

'■  Im media t^dy  on  its  appp.irance.  this  work  recj?ived  the  entire 
and  cordial  approval  of  our  most  eminent  jurists,  such  as  Story  and 
Kent.  Greenlt-af.  Randall,  and  Baldwin,  and  was  received  with 
equal  approbation  in  other  lauds.  Joy.  the  distinp;uished  Irish 
writer  of '  Ldf^'rx  nn  Lrrjal  Education  in  England  and  h-dnu'i:  not 
only  commended  it  in  his  volume  as  a  '  work  of  a  nmst  rhilioratn 
character  as  compared  with  Enizlish  works  of  a  similar  nature,' 
but  in  a  private  letter  to  its  author  expro'ssed  his  sense  of  his  bi;;h 
reputation.  To  this  work  the  Jud^re  had  devoted  the  most  unre- 
mitting labour  for  ten  years:  and  during  the  remainder  of  his  life 
he  spent  much  time  f>n  its  improvement.  Many  of  its  articles 
were  rewritten,  and  lartre  additions  made  to  it,  so  th.at  the  fourth  edi- 
tion may  be  said  tn  he  the  work  of  nearly  a  quarter  of  a  century." 
—From  the  N.'ti^mul  Pnrtmit  G>lkr>i  of  Di'linf,nished  Americans. 
"  Bouviers  Law  IM.  timiary  is  th.-  h.-st  hn,.k  of  the  kind  in  use 
for  the  Ajnei-ican  lawyer.  U  conliiio^  ,sulliri^-nt  reference  to  Eng- 
lish and  foreign  law,  with  a  very  full  syudjisis  of  such  portions  of 
American  jurisprudence  as  require  eUicidiition.  In  tin-  siTtnid 
edition  the  author  recast  many  of  the  titles,  and  ad<Ifd  alurvit  a 
thousand  new  ones.  liy  means  of  correspondence  with  members 
of  the  bar  in  different  states,  and  by  a  careful  examination  of  local 
treatises,  the  author  ha.s  produced  not  only  a  good  American  Law 
Dictionary,  but  one  sufficiently  local  for  all  practical  purposes."— 
Mirvin's  Lt-gal  Bdiliograjihy,  p.  138. 

Extract  of  a  Letter  to  Judge  Bouvier  from  Chief  Justice  Strm/ : 
_  "A  very  important  and  most  useful  addition  to  our  judicial 
literature.  It  supplies  a  defect  in  our  lihraiics.  where  the  small 
dictionaries  are  so  brief  as  to  convey  little  information  of  an  accu- 
rate nature  to  students,  and  the  large  ones  are  rather  compen- 
diums  of  the  law.  than  exphinatory  statements  of  terms.  Yours 
has  the  great  advantage  of  an  intermediate  character.  It  defines 
terms,  and  occasionally  explains  subjects,  au  as  to  furnish  students 
at  once  the  means  and  the  outlines  of  knowledge.  I  will  ft-el 
greatly  honoured  by  the  dedication  of  tho  work  to  me.  ic.  With 
the  highest  respect,  truly  your  obliged  friend,      .Tosfph  Story." 

"I  have  run  over  almost  every  article  in  it.  ;iinl  )  r.:  |.  n,.  to  add. 
that  I  have  been  deeply  impressed  with  the  evi.l-  nr .  s  i  hi  uii-^hout 
the  volumes,  of  the  industry,  skill,  learning,  and  judgment" with 
wliich  the  work  has  been  compiled." — CH,\.NCEi.L0ii  Kent. 

"Not  only  the  best  which  has  been  published,  but  in  itself  a 
valuable  acquisition  to  the  bar  and  bench,  by  which  both  will 
pl-ofit."— UON.  Judge  B.^ldwin,  U.  S.  Supreme  Ontrt. 

"  One  of  the  most  useful  works  of  the  kind  in  print."— IIo.v 
Judge  R.\ndall,  U.  S.  District  Court. 

*'  For  extent  of  research,  clearness  of  definitions  and  illustration, 
variety  of  matter  and  exactness  of  learning,  it  is  not  surpassed  by 
any  in  use,  and.  on  every  account,  I  think,  is  preferable  to  them 
all."— Hon.  Judge  Greenle.vf. 

In  1841  Judge  B«mvier  undertook  the  laborious  task  of 
the  preparation  of  a  new  edition  of  Bacon's  Abridgment 
of  the  Law,  in  10  r.  Svo  volumes,  including  about  8,000 
pages.  One  of  these  volumes  was  edited  by  Judge  Ran- 
dall j  and  Mr.  Robert  E.  Peterson,  the  well-known  pub- 
is 


lisher  of  Philadelphia,  a  son-in-law  of  Judge  Bouvier, 
took  charge  of  a  portion  of  another  volume.  With  this 
exception,  the  whole  of  this  Herculean  task  devolveil  upon 
our  indefatigable  author,  who  completed  it  in  the  intervals 
of  business  in  only  four  years  ! 

"Among  other  improvements,  he  prepared  the  first  index  it  ever 
had,  for  each  volume,  and  a  genei-al  one  for  the  whole.  A  singlg 
sentence  as  to  the  character  of  this  work,  as  it  came  from  his  hands, 
would  be  entirely  superfluous."     See  Bacon,  Matthew. 

Judge  Bouvier  had  now  earned  a  substantial  claim  to 
the  gratitude  of  the  profession,  by  the  laborious  zeal  with 
which  he  had  endeavoured  to  provide  for  the  student  a 
clue  through  the  apparently  interminable  labyrinth  of 
statute  anil  common  law.  But  he  had  long  felt  the  need 
of  a  compendious,  yet  easily  comprehensible,  summary  of 
American  law,  which  should  at  once  serve  as  a  guide  to 
the  youthful  student,  and  as  a  convenient  digest  <)f  know- 
ledge, perhaps  acquired  in  earlier  years,  but  now  partially 
forgotten,  by  the  "  Gamaliels  of  the  profession."  The 
mind  of  no  man  can  be  guaranteed  as  "  marble  to  retain," 
and  between  that  which  we  never  knew,  and  that  which 
we  know  not  when  we  need  it,  there  is  for  practical  pur- 
poses but  little  ditferenee. 

The  analytical  system  of  Pothier  was  held  by  our  author 
in  great  admiration.  His  mind  was  essentially  of  tho  same 
ca.st — delighting  in  rigid  analysis  of  subject,  scrupulous 
care  in  classitication,  and  severe  accuracy  in  definition 
and  terminology.  It  is  well  known  that  the  compilers  of 
the  Code  Napoleon  owe  much  of  the  credit  which  has  re- 
warded their  labours  to  the  Pandectce  Justinianea?,  and 
other  works  of  Pothier.  Judge  Bouvier  determined  to 
undertake  a  compend  of  American  law,  based  upon  the 
method  of  Pothier.  Finding  his  own  views  as  to  the  sys- 
tematical arrangement  of  legal  subjects  confirmed  )>y  so 
eminent  an  authority,  he  was  strengthened  by  that  en- 
couragement which  mental  assimilation  always  confers 
upon  men  of  remarkable  grasp  of  intellect.  When  con- 
templating "enterprises  of  great  pith  and  moment,"  it  is 
a  great  satisfaction  to  the  adventurer  to  find  that  others 
have  been  inflamed  by  the  same  zeal,  and  buoyed  up  under 
difficulties  by  a  like  hope.  The  .sailor  who  "  hugs  the 
coast,"  cares  little  for  companionship;  but  he  who  en- 
counters a  fellow-mariner  on  the  wide  waste  of  waters  feels 
the  consolations  of  sympathy  and  continues  his  voyago 
with  renewed  courage.  That  we  may  not  be  suspected  of 
under-estimation  of  labours  of  which  we  must  necessarily 
be  an  incomjietcnt  judge,  we  shall  strengthen  our  position 
by  some  brief  extracts  from  some  of  tho  most  learned  "  opi- 
nions" of  which  the  American  bench  and  bar  can  boast. 

The  Institutes  of  American  Law  was  pub.  in  1S51.  in  4 
vols,  Svo.  The  author  may  be  said  to  have  "died  in  the 
harness:"  in  two  mouths  after  he  had  the  gratification  of 
seeing  the  result  of  his  arduous  labours  given  to  the  world, 
he  was  gathered  to  the  "house  appointed  for  all  living." 

"  It  is  ft  work  of  very  great  value.  .  .  .  The  general  plan,  and  the 
order  and  airani^ement  of  the  subjects  of  which  it  treats,  could 
not.  1  thinli.  be  inqjroved.  And  I  may  say  the  same  thing  of  the 
manner  in  wbii-h  the  plan  is  carried  into  execution.  For  every 
principle  and  rule  is  stated  with  brevity  and  perspicuity,  and  sup- 
ported by  proper  reference."— lloN.  Roger  B.  Tanet,  Chief  Justice 
of  the  United  States. 

'■  I  know  of  no  work  which  shows  so  much  research,  and  which 
embodies  so  generally  the  elementary  prinriples  of  American  Law, 
as  the  Institutes  of  Mr.  Bouvier.  His  name  is  most  favourably 
known  to  the  profession  by  his  previous  works;  and  I  am  greatly 
mistaken  if  his  Institutes  shall  not  add  to  his  high  reputation  as 
an  able  and  learned  law-writer.  The  Institutes  ought  not  only  to 
be  found  in  the  hands  of  every  student  of  law,  but  on  the  shelf 
of  every  lawyer."— Hon.  John  McLean,  Associate  Judge  of  the  isUr 
preme  Cmtrt  of  the  Unitrd  Slatn. 

'•  It  forms  a  valuable  addition  to  legal  science,  and  is  well  calcu- 
lated to  be'-ome  a  text-book  tor  students." — IIos.  John  M.  Read. 

Judges  Wayne,  Greenleaf,  Green,  Grier,  Irwin,  and  Kane, 

add  their  testimony  to  the  high  authorities  quoted  above. 

Bovet,  Richard*  Pandajmonium,  or  the  Devil's  Cloy- 

ster;  being  a  Further  Blow  to  Modern  Sadducei.sm,  proving 

the  Existence  of  Witches  and  Spirits,  Lou.,  1684,  Svo. 

Bovyer,  K,  G,    Kducatiun  for  the  Infant  Poor,  1811. 

Bowack,  JoUn.     Antiquities  of  Middlesex:  Parts  1 

and  2,  all  pub..  Lon.,  1705,  fol. 

Bowater,  John.     Sermon,  Lon.,  1694,  Svo. 
Bowber,  Thomas.     Sermon,  ISOo,  4to. 
Bowchier,Josh.  ihercticus Triumphatus,Oxon.,1719. 
Bowchier,  Richard*     Sermon,  Lon.,  1692,  4to. 
Bowdeu,  A.   Treatise  on  the  Dry  Hot,  Lon.,  1815,  Svo, 
Bowdcn,  James.     Covenant-Kight  of  Infants  as  to 
Baptism.  Lon.,  ]2mo.    Family  Conversations,  12mo.    His- 
tory of  the  Society  of  Friends  in  America,  p.  8vo.     Reli- 
gious Education  Enforced,  12mo. 

Bowdeu,  John.      Epitaph-Writer;   containing  600 

225 


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Epitaphs,  Jloral,  Admonitory,  Humorous,  and  Satirical, 
L'ln.,  Ufll,  12mo. 

Bowden,  John.     Serm.,  1704, '15? 

Bowden,  John,  D.D.,  d.  1817,  aged  65,  Professor  of 
Bolles-Leltres  and  Moral  Philosophy  in  Columbia  College, 
New  York,  was  an  Episcopal  clergyman  for  more  than  forty 
years.  In  17S7,  he  was  rector  of  Norwalk.  He  was  elected 
Bishop  of  Connecticut,  but,  as  he  declined,  Dr.  Jarvis  was 
appointed.  Dr.  B.  pub.  A  Letter  to  E.  Styles,  1787,  and 
The  Apostolic  Origin  of  Episcopacy,  in  a  Series  of  Letters 
to  Dr.  Miller,  2  vols.  8vo,  1808. 

Bowden,  John  William.  The  Life  and  Pontificate 
of  Gregory  Vlt.,  [llildebrand,]  2  vols.  8vo,  Lon,  1840.  bee 
a  review  in  Brit.  Critic,  xxLv.  280. 

Bowden,  Joseph.  Serms.,  Lon.,  1804,  8vo.  Prayers 
and  Discourses  for  the  Use  of  Families,  1816,  8vo. 

"The  subjects  of  thi-.so  Sermons  are  of  a  practical  nature,  and 
the  preacher  discourses  on  them  with  calmness  and  simplicity. 

Bowden,  Thomas.  The  Farmer's  Director;  or.  Com- 
pendium of  English  Hu,sbandry,  Lon.,  8vo.  Donaldson 
(in  Agricult.  Biog.)  places  this  work  under  1803  and  also 

""fiowdich,  Thomas  Edward,  1790-1824  a  native 
of  Bristol.    1.  Mission  from  Cape  Coast  Castle  to  Ashantee, 

""Aw.irk  of  cimsiderable  importance,  from  the  account  it  gives 
us  of  a  people  hitherto  almost  entirely  unknown,  and  from  the 
lieht  which  the  very  diligent  and  laborious  inqmncs  of  Mr.  Bow- 
dich  have  thrown  upon  the  geography  of  Africa,  '—Edm.  htv. 

2. 
and 


o  Trans.  Mollien's  Travels  to  the  Sources  of  the  Senegal 
and  Gambia.  3.  British  and  French  Expedition  to  Teembo. 
4  Account  of  the  Discoveries  of  the  Portuguese  in  Angola 
and  Mozambique,  1824,  8vo.  6.  Excursions  in  Madc-ira 
and  Porto  Santo,  Ac,  1825,  4to.  This  was  pub.  by  his 
widow.  Three  works,  illustrated,  on  Mammalia,  Birds, 
and  Shells.      Other  works  and  essays. 

Bowditch,  Nathaniel,  LL.D.,  1773-1838,  a  native 
of  Salem,  Massachusetts,  has  won  an  enduring  reputation 
by  his  translation  of,  accompanied  with  a  commentary  <.n, 
the  Mccanirpie  Celeste  of  La  Place,  pub.  in  4  large  4to 
vols.,  Boston,  1829,  '32,  '34,  '38.  The  example  of  Bowditch 
should  operate  as  a  stimulus  to  the  ambition  of  every  un- 
educated youth  who  desires  to  supply  the  defects  of  earlier 
years.  The  son  of  a  cooper,  he  was  taken  from  school  at 
the  ago  of  ten  year.s,  and  apprenticed  to  a  ship-chandler. 
On  aft.aining  his  majority,  he  went  to  sea  as  an  inferior 
officer  in  a  merchant  vessel.  So  great  was  his  thirst  fur 
knowledge,  and  so  accurate  his  powers  of  ob.5ervation, 
that  he  had  arranged  an  Almanac,  complete  in  all  its  parts, 
at  the  age  of  15.     His  first  publication  was  The  Practical 

Navigator.  ,  ^,_    ..  ,  ■ 

•■  Scarcely  suiTOSsed  in  usefulness  by  any  of  the  time,  ana  im- 
mpdiately  driving  all  others  of  the  same  class  out  of  circulation. 
^X.  Anictiotn  Kfxiew. 

The  English  edit,  of  this  work,  edited  by  Kirby,  was 
pub.  in  Loudon  by  Mr.  Hardy,  1802,  8vo.  By  accident  he 
obtained  a  copy  of  Newton's  Principia,  and  taught  Inmsclf 
Latin  that  ho  might  read  the  work,  and  he  made  a  transla- 
tion of  the  whole. 

He  made  four  voyages  to  the  East  Indies,  and  one  to 
Europe,  and  at  the  age  of  30  became  President  of  an  In- 
surance Company  in  his  native  town.     Tliis  office  he  held 
for  twenty  years,  when  he  was  transferred  to  the  place  of 
Actuary  of  the  Massachusetts  Life  Insurance  Cunpany, 
which  post  he  held  for  the  rest  of  his  life.     Ho  lived  to 
superintend  through  the  press  the  whole  of  his  translation 
of  La  Place,  with  the  exception  of  the  pages /losf  1000  of 
vol.  iv.      The  expense  of  publication   was  estimated   at 
$10,000,  (which  it  exceeded,)  and  although  the  American 
Academy  of  Arts  and  Sciences  and  some  of  his  person.al 
friends  offered  to  issue  the  work  at  their  own  cost,  he  de- 
clined their  liberal  proposal,  and  determined,  with   tho 
consent  of  his  family,  to  undertake  it   himself.      Their 
decision  as   to  whether   he  should  expend  one-third  of 
Ms  fortune   in   this  enterprise  deserves   to  he  recorded. 
His  wife,  without  whose  encouragement  Bowditch  often 
declared  his  great  work  would  never  have  seen  the  light, 
urged  him  to  give  the  result  of  his  labours  to  the  world, 
and  promised  to  make  any  sacrifice  which  would  facilitate 
his  plans.     His  children  urged  him  to  go  on :  "  We  value 
your  reputation  more  th.an  your  money,"  was  their  noble 
response.     The  work  was  most  favourably  received. 

"  The  idea  of  undert.aking  a  translation  of  tlie  whole  M^canique 
Celeste, accomiKinied  t hniUKln lut  with  a  .oiiinus  running' comment- 
ary, is  one  whitb  sa\iiurs,  at  tii^t  sisbt,  ..f  111.-  <ii!iaiil.s:pi,\  and  is 
certainly  one  whicli,  fn>iii  \vhat  we  have  hithertu  h:ia  rc.-ison  to 
conceive  of  the  popularity  and  dilTu,sion  of  matheniatical  know- 
ledge ou  the  opposite  shores  of  the  Atlantic,  we  should  never  have 


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expected  to  have  originated— or.  at  least,  to  have  been  can-iedinto 
e'-ecutlnn— in  that  quarter.  The  first  volume  only  has  as  yet 
reached  us:  and  when  we  consider  the  gre.it  difficulty  ol  printing 
works  of  this  nature,  to  sav  nothing  of  the  heavy  and  probably 
unremuneratcd  expense,  we  are  not  surprised  at  the  delay  of  the 
second  Meanwhile,  the  p.art  actually  completed  (which  contains 
the  first  two  books  of  Laplace's  work)  is,  with  few  and  slight  ex- 
ceptions, just  what  we  could  have  wished  to  see— an  exact  and 
careful  translation  into  very  good  English— exceedingly  well 
printed,  and  accompanied  with  notes  appended  t«each  page,  which 
leave  no  step  in  the  text  of  moment  unsupplied.  and  hardly  auy 
material  difiiculty  either  of  conception  or  reasoning  unelucidated. 
To  the  student  of  '  Celestial  Mechanism'  such  a  work  must  be  iu- 
valuablc,''— iffli.  Qiiarterly  Revkw,  vol.  xlvii.  1832, 

See  Review  by  B.  Peirco  in  N.  American  Review,  xlviii. 
143 :  also  notices  of  Bowditch,  in  American  Jour,  of 
Science,  xxxv.  1 ;  Hunt's  Mag.,  i.  33  ;  Am.  Almanac,  1836, 
228;  Amer.  Quar.  Reg.,  xi.  309;  Oration  by  Mr.  Pickering 
before  the  American  Academy;  Discourse  by  Judge  White; 
Private  Memoir  by  N.  I.  Bowditch,  Best.,  1839. 

Bowditch,  Nathaniel  Ingersoll,  eldest  son  of  tha 
preceding,  b.  in  Salciu,  Mass.,  removed  to  Boston,  1823.  1. 
Memoir  of  Nathaniel  Bowditch,  prefixed  to  Mecanii(uo  Ce- 
leste, 1839;  2d  ed.,  1840,  4to.  2.  History  of  the  Massa- 
chusetts General  Hospital,  1851,  8vo.  3.  Suffolk  Surnames, 
Bost.,  1S57;  2ded.,  enlarged,  1858,  Svo. 

Bowditch,  Samuel.  Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1713. 
Bowdler,  Miss  E.  Sermons  on  tho  Doctrine  and 
Duties  of  Christianity,  Lon.,  1828,  12mo.  Of  these  Scr- 
mons,  43  editions  had  been  sold  in  1836.  Bishop  Porteus 
admired  them  so  highly  that  he  directed  the  publisher  to 
inform  their  clerical  author  that  he  would  provide  him 
with  "  a  living"  in  his  gift.     Poems  and  Essays,  Ac. 

Bowdler,  Mrs.  H.  M.  Practical  Observations  on 
tho  Revelation  of  St.  John;  2d  edit.,  Bath,  1800,  12mo. 
Designed  for  those  who  have  not  leisure  or  inclination  to 
examine  the  prophetical  meaning  of  the  Apocalypse. 

'-  Jlany  such  readers  will   doubtless  be  found ;    and  whoever 
takes  up  the  book  with  a  serious  mind,  will  be  edified  by  the  good 
sense,  jii-'ty.  and  modesty  of  the  writer." — Brit.  Ciitic.  O.  S.  vol.  xvi. 
Pen  T.amar,  or  the  History  of  an  Old  Maid,  Lon.,  Svo. 
"  Written  with  great  simplicity."    Lon.  Monthly  Seview. 
Other  works. 

Bowdler,  John.     Reform  or  Ruin,  Lon.,  1779,  Svo. 
Bowdler,  John,  Jr.,  barrister.      Select  Pieces  in 
Prose  and  Verse,  Lon.,  1818,  2  vols.  Svo. 

"The  peculiar  value  of  these  volumes    is  the  combination  of 
talent,  of  taste,  and  of  pietv  which  they  exhibit."— £cti.  Q.  Rev. 
Theological  Tracts,  1818,  12mo. 

"  An  able  writer,' —Bickebsteth.  il    w  »  ,.» 

Bowdler,  Thomas,  1782-1S57.  Serms.  on  the  Nature, 
Offices,  and  Character  of  Jesus  Christ,  Lon.,  2  vols.  Svo. 
Other  works.  „         tt  n      ,3 

Bowdler,  Thos.,  1754-1825.  Letters  from  Holland. 
Lon.,  1788,  Svo.  Life  of  General  ViUetfes,  &,<•.,  1815,  Svo. 
Liberty,  Civil  and  Religious,  1816,  Svo.  The  Family 
Shakspearc;  in  which  nothing  is  added  to  the  original 
Text;  but  those  AYords  and  Expressions  are  omitted  which 
cannot  with  Propriety  be  read  aloud  in  a  Family,  Lon., 
8  vols.  Svo,  £4  Ms.  6d.;  and  10  vols.  r.  18mo,  £3  3s. 

"We  are  of  opinion,  that  it  requires  nothing  more  than  a  notice, 
to  bring  this  very  meritorious  puijliration  into  general  circulation. 
It  is  quite  undeniable,  that  there  are  many  passages,  in  Shaks- 
pearc which  a  father  could  not  read  aloud  to  his  children ;  a  bro- 
ther to  his  sister;  or  a  gentleman  to  a  lady.  Mr.  Bowdler  has 
oulv  effaced  those  gross  indecencies  which  every  one  mu.st  have 
feltas  hlemishes,  and  by  the  removal  of  which  no  imaginable  ex 
cellence  can  be  attected.  So  far  from  being  nnssed  on  then-  re- 
moval, the  work  gener.ally  appears  more  natural  and  harmonious 
without  them."— fiiin.  ifcr.,No.71.    See  Athen.  1Sd8,  Pt  2,  233. 

F.aniily  Gibbon;  reprinted  from  the  Original  Text,  with 
the  careful  Omission  of  all  Passages  of  an  irreligious  or 
immoral  Tendency,  5  vols.  Svo,  £3  3fi. 

Bowdoin,  James,  1727-1790,  Governor  of  Massa- 
chusetts, was  author  of  a  poetic  Paraphrase  of  the  Econo- 
my of  Human  Life,  1759.  He  also  pub.  a  philosophical 
discourse,  addressed  to  tho  American  Academy  of  Arts 
and  Sciences  in  Boston,  1780 — the  year  in  which  he  be- 
came president  of  the  Institution.  This,  and  several  other 
papers  of  his,  will  bo  found  in  the  first  vol.  of  the  Society's 

Memoirs.  ^  1  ,     i    . 

"  These  productions  manifest  no  common  taste  and  talents  in 
astrnnnraical  inquiries," 

Bowdoin,  James,  1752-1811,  son  of  the  preceding, 
minister  of  the  United  States  to  Spain,  pub.  a  trans,  of 
Dauberton's  Advice  to  Shepherds;  Opinions  respecting 
the  Commercial  Intercourse  between  the  United  States 
and  Great  Britain,  (anon.)  ,     ,,       t» 

Bowen,  Mrs.  Kenilworth  Castle,  and  other  Poems, 
Lon.,  Svo.     Ystradffin;  a  Descriptive  Poem,  8vo. 

Boweu,  Captain.     A  Statemont  of  Facts,  1791,  Svo. 

Boweu,  Eli,  b.  1824,  iu  Lancaster  Co.,  Pcnn.     1.  Coal 


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Regions  of  Pennsylvania,  8vo.  2.  The  U.  S.  Post-Office 
System,  Svo.  3.  Pictorial  Skctch-Book  of  Pennsylvania, 
8vo.     4.  Ranitjles  in  the  Path  of  the  Steam-lLirse,  8vo, 

Bowen,  Emanuel.  English  Atlas,  Lon.,  1747,  2 
vols.  fol.     A  t'omiilete  Atlas,  Lon.,  1752,  fol. 

Bowen,  Francis,  h.  Sept.  8,  1811,  at  Charlcstown, 
Mass.;  grad.  at  llarvarJ  Coll..  183.3;  Alford  Prof,  of  Na- 
tural Religion,  Moral  Philosophy,  and  Civil  Polity  in  Har- 
vard Coll.:  editor  of  the  N.  Aiu'er.  Rev.,  184.3-54.  Essays 
on  Speculative  Philosophy.  Bost.,  1842,  12mo:  sec  notice  in 
Eelec.  Mag.,  v.  215.  Virgil,  with  English  Notes,  Bost,  8vo. 
Lowell  Lectures  on  the  Application  of  Metaphysical  and 
Ethical  Science  to  the  Evidences  of  Religion,  Bost., 1849, 8vo. 
See  notices  in  Chris.  E.\am.,  xlviii.  88  ;  Chris.  Rev.,  xv.  78. 

"  Mr.  Bowen's  Lectures  were  received  with  very  great  satisfaction, 
as  they  were  delivered  before  auditors  tit.  and  yet  not  few.  Now 
th.^t  they  are  in  print,  we  believe  that  they  will  be  re^'arded  as  ex- 
hibiting signal  ability,  and  as  possessing  very  high  merits,  by 
those  who,  not  having  beeu  hearers,  shall  give' them  a  careful  pe- 
rusal. .  .  .  We  shall  be  disappointed  if  his  volume  is  not  received 
as  a  most  valuable  contribution  to  speculative  philosophy,  not 
merely  by  men  of  the  conservative  and  cautious  schools,  but  by 
the  mass  of  those  deliberate  and  unprejudiced  readers  who  know 
not  that  they  belong  to  any  party.  .  .  .  We  commend  this  volume, 
first  of  all,  bec.iuse  it  is  written  in  the  vernacular  tongue,  in 
good,  wholesome  English.  It  is  free  from  barbarisms,  Ger- 
manisms, and  all  affectations.  The  author  knew  what  he  wished 
to  say,  and  he  said  it  in  a  way  to  let  us  know  what  it  was." — 
Christian  Exami7ier. 

To  Mr.  Bowen  wo  are  indchtcd  for  an  edition,  revised 
and  corrected,  with  an  addition  of  a  History  of  tho  U. 
States,  of  Dr.  Weber's  Outlines  of  Universal  History, 
Boston,  r.  Svo. 

Documents  of  the  Constitution  of  England  and  America 
from  Magna  Charta  to  the  Federal  Constitution  of  1789, 
compiled  and  edited,  with  Notes.  Oamliridge,  1854,  Svo. 
Dugald  Stewart's  Elements  of  the  Philosophy  of  the 
Human  Mind ;  revised  and  ahridgcd,  with  Critical  and 
Kxplauatory  Notes,  for  the  Use  of  Colleges  and  Schools, 
Host,  and  Canib.,  12mo,  1854.  Principles  of  Political 
Economy  Applied  to  the  Condition,  Resources,  and  Insti- 
tutions of  the  American  People,  Bost.,  1856,  Svo.  See 
favourable  reviews  in  Christian  Examiner,  and  North 
American  Review,  April,  1S56. 

"Francis  Bowen  is  a  clear,  forcible,  independent  thinker,  and 
has  much  precision  and  energy  of  style.  His  coutributions  on 
metaphysical  subjects,  and  on  the  principles  of  law  and  govern- 
ment, are  of  a  very  high  character.  lie  is  a  man  of  large  acquire- 
ments both  in  literature  and  philosophy." — GriswoUl's  Pi-ose-  Wri- 
ters of  America. 

Bowen,  James,  Surgeon.    Con.  to  Med.  Com.,  1785. 

Bowen,  Malconi.  Construction  of  Sails  of  Ships, 
1S05,  4to. 

Bowen,  Pardon,  M.D.,  1757-1826,  R.I..  pub.  an 
elaborate  account  of  the  Yellow  Fever  of  Providence,  in 
Hosack's  Med.  Reg.,  vol.  iv.     See  Thacher's  Med.  Biog. 

Bowen,  Samuel.     Sermon  on  Ps.  xviii.  46,  Svo. 

Bowen,  T.J.  Central  Africa:  Adventures  and  Mis- 
sionary Lahors  in  Several  Countries  in  the  Interior  of  Africa 
from  1849  to  1856,  Charleston,  S.C,  1S57.  12mo. 

"On  the  whole,  we  can  commend-the  book  as  fit  and  seasonable." 
—Lm.  Athcmiiim,  .July  4,  1857. 

Bowen,  Thomas.  Thoughts  on  the  Necessity  of 
Mt»ral  Discipline  in  Prisons  as  Preliminary  to  the  Reli- 
gious Instruction  of  Offenders,  Lon..  1777-98.  Svo.  Ser- 
mons, 1798-99.  4to.     Bethlehem  Hospital,  1783,  4to. 

Bower,  Alex.  An  Account  of  the  Life  of  James 
Beattie.  LL.l).  in  which  are  occasionally  given  Characters 
of  the  Priucii>al  Literary  Men  and  a  Sketch  of  the  State 
of  Literature  in  Scotland  during  the  last  century,  1804,  Svo. 
"  This  narrative  will  he  perused  with  pleasure  by  'those  who  are 
satistied  with  plain  facts  recorded  in  plain  language." — London 
Monthly  Heview,  1K05. 

The  Life  of  Luther:  with  .an  Account  of  the  E.arly  Pro- 
gress of  the  Reformation,  Svo. 

History  of  the  University  of  Edinburgh,  3  vols.  Svo. 

Bower,  Archibald,  1686-1766,  a  native  of  Dundee, 
Scotland,  was  educated  at  the  Scots  College,  Douay,  re- 
moved to  Rome  in  1706,  and  became  a  Jesuil  in  1712.  In 
1726  he  came  to  England,  having  fled  from  the  Inquisition 
.at  Macerata.  of  which  he  was  an  officer,  and  about  1732 
he  conformed  to  the  Church  of  England.  He  was  read- 
mitted into  the  order  of  the  Jesuits  about  1744,  after 
which  he  again  became  a  Protestant.  His  wife  declared 
that  he  died  in  the  Protestant  faith  :  his  will  contains  no 
declaration  as  to  \nsjlnal  religious  opinions.  It  is  difficult 
to  tell  what  degree  of  credit  to  allow  either  to  his  repre- 
sentations or  to  the  charges  of  his  enemies,  hut  there  is 
enough  doubt  upon  the  subject  to  prevent  his  being  very 
zealously  claimed  by  either  the  Church  of  England  or 
that  of  Rome.  I 


Whilst  living  with  Lord  Aylmer,  he  undertook  the  charge 
of  tho  Historia  Literaria;  or  an  Exact  and  Early  Acciumt 
of  the  most  VaUbable  Books  published  in  the  several  Parts 
of  Europe :  pub.  monthly,  1730-34.  4  vok.  Svo.  Ho  wrote 
the  preface  to  this  work,  and  several  of  the  articles  in 
Italian,  being  as  yet  unskilled  in  the  English  language. 
See  Review  of  Reviews,  by  the  author  of  this  Dictionnry,  in 
Putnam's  Monthly  Mag.,  New  York,  vol.  i.  and  ii.,  1853-54. 
From  1734  to  1744  he  was  emjdoyed  by  the  proprietors 
of  the  Univers.al  History,  in  writing  for  that  work  tho 
Roman  History,  which  Ps.almanazar  (who  wrote  must  of 
the  other  portions  of  the  Ancient  History  in  that  collec- 
tion) declares  that  he  did  very  ill.  See  Psalmanaz,ar's 
Life,  p.  308.  Bower  also  edited  the  second  edition  <.f  the 
Universal  History,  .and  received  £200  for  doing  very  little, 
and  that  done  so  badly  as  to  require  careful  revision.  The 
value  of  this  extensive  series,  1749-66,  hound  in  65  vols., 
sometimes  in  a  fewer  number,  is  not  to  be  disputed. 

"I  generally  consult  the  Univcrs.il  Ilistoiy.  a  work  of  great 
merit-and  perhaps  not  sufficiently  v.alucd." — Btt'thr's  lIoraBil'li(yp. 
"Consult  the  volumes  of  the  t'luvcrsal  History,  where  von  will 
find,  either  in  the  text  or  references,  every  historical  info'i-mation 
which  can  well  be  required."— iVe/'.  Smyth's  Led. on  Mmhrii  lli.^t. 
Warburton  refers  to  "the  infamous  rhapsody,  called  the 
Universal  History — miserable  trash,"  but  of  all  Literary 
Bull  Dogs,  perhiips  the  bosom  friend  of  Pope  was  the  most 
dogmatic.  Gibbon's  opinion  draws  a  just  discrimination  : 
"  The  excellence  of  the  fii-st  part  of  the  Universal  History  is  ge- 
nerally admitted.  The  History  of  the  Macedonians  is  executed 
with  much  erudition,  taste,  and  judirment.  The  history  would  be 
inv.alualile,  were  .ill  its  parts  of  the  s:ime  merit." — Miscell.  Wi>rl:s. 
Mr.  Swinton  gave  Dr.  Johnson  a  list  of  the  authors,  which 
will  be  found  in  a  note  from  the  doctor  to  Nichols,  Dec.  6, 
17S4.  (Boswell's  Johnson.)  Bower  now  turned  his  atten- 
tion to  the  publication  of  a  History  of  the  Popes,  a  portion 
of  which  ho  says  he  had  prepared  whilst  at  Rome.  This 
work  was  pub.  at  intervals  from  174S-66,  7  vols.  4to.  In 
the  year  in  which  his  1st  vol.  apjicared,  he  was  appointed 
Librarian  to  Queen  Caroline.  This  history  led  to  a  warm 
controversy.  His  character  was  attacked  as  entirely  un- 
worthy of  credit,  and  sufficient  evidence  was  produced  to 
ruin  his  reputation  with  the  public  .at  large,  notwithstand- 
ing his  exculpatory  pamphlets,  (pub.  1756-61.)  His  tried 
friend,  Lord  Lyttelton,  however,  refused  to  credit  any 
thing  against  Bower  : 

"  The  merit  of  the  work  will  beai-  it  np  against  all  these  attacks ; 
and  as  to  the  ridiculous  story  of  my  having  discarded  him.  the  in- 
timate friendship  in  wliii  h  we  continue  tn  live  will  be  a  sufficient 
answert-i  th;it.  ;uid  better  tli;ni  any  t.stiniony  formally  given  " — 
Lord  Li/ltdtnn  U,  Dr.  Doddridye,  Oct.  1761. 

In  1757  an  abridgment  of  the  first  four  vols,  of  tho  His- 
tory of  the  Popes  was  pub.  in  French,  at  Amsterdam.  An 
idea  of  the  incompetency  of  the  author  for  the  production 
of  a  great  historical  work,  may  be  inferred  from  the  fact 
that  he  compresses  the  eventful  history  of  the  Church  from 
1600  to  1758  into  26  pages! 

When  Bower  can  confirm  his  position  by  history,  wo 
give  him  credence ;  where  his  assertions  only  are  in  court, 
we  give  tho  accused  the  benefit  of  the  doubt.  See  the 
Rev.  Henry  Temple's  strictures,  entitled  Bower  Detected 
as  an  Historian  ;  or.  His  Many  Essential  Omissions  and 
More  Essential  Perversions  of  Facts  in  Favour  of  Popery 
Demonstrated,  Lon.,  1758,  Svo;  also  see  Douolass, 
Bishop. 

Bower,  Edward.    Dr.  Lamb  Revived,  &c. :  2  tracts 
npon  Witchcraft.  Lon.,  1653,  4to. 
Bower,  John.     Con.  to  Ann.als  of  Med.,  1S02. 
Bower,  John,  Jr.     Abbey  of  Melrose,  1813,  Svo. 
Bower,  Thomas,  M.D.     Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1717. 
Bower,  Walter.     Prologues  in  John  Fordun's  Scoti 
Chron.,  edit.  Tho.  llearne :  see  FonnuN,  J.     On  Fordun's 
work  much  uf  the  early  history  of  Scotland  is  founded. 
Bower,  William.     Miscell.  Tracts,  Lon.,  1788,  4to. 
Bowerbank,  John.  Journal  on  the  Bellerophon.  1815. 
Bowerbank,  John  Scott,  b.  1797,  in  London,  a 
distinguished  naturalist.     Contrib.  valuable  papers  to  the 
Entomological  Mag.,  Tra.ns.  Microscopical  Soc,  (])rinci- 
pally  on  the  Sponges,)  Trans.  Geol.  Soc,  Trans.  Palteon- 
tographical    ,Soc, — which    he    founded  in    1848, — and    to 
Mag.  of  Nat.   Hist.     History  of  the  Fossil   Fruits  and 
Seeds  of  the  Loudon  Clay,  1840,  r.  Svo. 

Bowerbank,  T.  F.,  M.D.     A  Sermon,  1815,  8yo. 
Bowers, Thomas,  lip.  of  Chichester.  Serm.l722,8vo. 
Bowes,  Sir  Jerome.    Trans,  from  the  French  of  .an 
Apology  for  the  French  Reformed  or  Evangel.  Christians, 
Lon.,  1579,  Svo. 

Bowes,  Paul.  Journal  of  Parliament  in  the  Reign 
of  Elizabeth.  1BS2.  fol. 

Boues,  Thomas.  Trans,  of  the  Second  Part  of 
Primaudaye's  Frcnche  Academic,  Lon.,  1594,  4to. 


BOW 

Bowick,  William,     Sermon,  171fi,  8vo.  [ 

Bowie,  Juhn.  Concio  ad  Cleruin  Cantuariensem,  i 
Lon..  1612,  4to. 

Bowie,  John,  1725-1788,  known  by  his  friends  as 
Dun  Bowie,  from  his  attachment  to  Spanish  literature, 
was  educated  at  Oriel  College,  Oxford.  Entering  into  holy  i 
orders,  he  was  presented  to  the  vicarage  of  Idmeston, 
AVilts,  where  he  continued  until  his  death.  He  was  a  man 
of  great  erudition,  and  was  the  principal  detector  of  Lau-  | 
der's  forgeries.     See  Lauder,  AVilliam. 

Miscell.   Pieces   of  English  Ancient    Poesie,  1765.     A 
Letter  to  Dr.  Ptjrcy,  respecting  a  new  and  claj-sical  edition  | 
of  Don  Quixote,  1777.    lie  pub.  his  edit,  of  Don  Quixote  in  | 
1781,  in  6  vols.  4to!     The  first  4  contain  the  text,  the  5th 
is  composed  of  annotations,  and  the  6th  gives  a  copioxis 
index.     The  subscription  price  was  three  guineas.     This 
enormous  enterprise   proved  a  failure.     However,  let  the 
lover  of  Spanish  lore  fail  not  to  secure  a  copy  if  he  can.  j 
So  resolved  that  odd  anticiuary.  Rev.  Michael  Tyson  : 

"  Is  Bowie's  Don  Quixote  published,  or  not  ?  Though  I  did  not 
cbuse  to  seem  to  be  acquainted  with  the  Editor  by  appt-ariug 
amonast  the  Subscribers,  yet  I  like  Cervantes  so  much  that  I  | 
must^make  a  swop,  or  truck,  with  Tom  Payne  fur  the  book." — 
Tyson  to  Gough:  A'ichols's  Literary  Anecd^ks.  vol.  viii. ;  and  see 
vol.  vi.  for  an  interesting  notice  of  Bowie,  and  bis  edition  of  Don 
Quixote,  &c. 

He  pub.  a  number  of  articles  in  defence  of  this  work, 
relative  to  Warton's  History  of  English  Poetry,  Ac,  in 
Gentleman's  Mag. ;  contributed  to  the  Archteologia,  vols. 
vi.  and  vii.,  1782-85;  to  Granger's  History,  and  to  John- 
son's and  Steevens's  Shakspeare. 

"  I  am  not  the  Translator  of  Don  Quixote.  I  have  too  much  con- 
ceiviug  of  the  merit  of  the  original  of  Cervantes  ever  to  think  of 
appearing  in  that  character.  The  difficulties  of  a  translator  must 
rise  in  proporti"n  to  his  knowledge  of  the  original.  ...  A  desire 
to  impart  that  pleasure  to  others,  which  I  almost  solely  possessed, 
impi,-lled  me  to  the  hazardous  work  of  printing;  in  which  if  I  have 
erred  once.  I  may  be  easily  credited.  1  shall  never  be  guilty  of  a 
like  offence  again."'     Sree  Gent.  I^lag.,  vols.  liv..  Iv. 

We  cannot  forbear  pleasing  the  lover  of  the  Knight  of 
the  Rueful  Countenance  by  transcribing  the  delicious  Bill 
of  Fare  for  Quixotic  epicures,  exhibited  by  Mr.  Bowie  in 
his  prospectus  : 

"  A  Letter  to  the  Rev.  Dr.  Percy,  concerning  a  new  and  classicjil 
edition  of  Historia  del  valoroso  Cavallero  Don  Quixote  de  la  I^Iancha ; 
to  be  illustrated  by  Annotations  and  Extracts  from  the  Historians, 
Poets,  and  Romauces  of  Spain  and  Italy,  and  other  writers,  an- 
cient and  modern;  with  a  Glossary  and  Indexes,  in  which  are  oc- 
casionally interspersed  some  Reflections  on  the  I^earning  and  Ge- 
nius of  the  author,  with  a  Map  of  Spain  adapted  to  the  History, 
and  to  every  Translator  of  it." 

What  a  glorious  prospect  is  here  !  Yet  the  work,  as  we 
already  said,  was  a  failure.  In  the  words  of  a  cold-blooded 
critic  : 

"  The  public  sentiment  seemed  to  be  that  annotations  on  Cer- 
vantes were  not  quite  so  necessary  as  on  Shakspeare  " 

The  enthusiastic  Don  Bowie,  disgusted  with  such  heart- 
lessness,  renounced  the  press,  and  left  the  stupid  "  public" 
to  their  downward  course  of  ignorance  and  fatuity  !  That 
any  sane  man,  woman,  or  child  could  really  be  indifferent 
to  the  least  word,  wink,  and  gesture  of  the  Knight  of  the 
Sorrowful  Countenance,  and  the  philosophic  apothegmatist 
Sancho  Panza,  was  hard  to  believe,  but  if  such  were  the 
stolidity  of  that  thick-skuUcd  generation, — so  let  it  be! 
He  had  discharged  his  duty;  therefore  he  washed  his 
hands,  shook  the  dust  from  his  feet.  locked  hi.''  library 
door,  and  was  soon  entranced  in  the  fields  of  La  Mancha, 
the  persevering  revolutions  of  the  Windmills,  the  lustre  of 
Mambrino's  helmet,  and  the  substantial  charms  of  Dulci- 
nea  del  Toboso. 

BoAvles.     New  London  Guide,  Lon.,  1787,  8vo. 
Bowles,  Caroline  Anne.     See  Sotjthey,  Mrs. 
Bowles,  Edward.     Theolog.  treatises,  Lon.,  1643- 
48.  4  to. 

Bowles,  John,  Barrister-at-Law.  This  gentleman 
pub.  many  politicjil  and  other  tracts,  Lon.,  1791-1807. 

Bowles,  Oliver,  d.  1674.  a  Fellow  in  Queen's  College, 

Camb..  and  Rector  of  Sutton.     Tractatus  de  Pastore  Evan- 

gelico,  Lon.,  1649,  4to ;  1655, 12mo;  Groninga;.1739.  sm.Svo. 

•'  Liber  ob  utilia  ac  pia  praccpta,  in  eo  pro  ministris  ecclesiie 

proposita.  laudatur." — Walch. 

''  A  good  translation  would  be  generally  useful." — BickersTETH. 
Sermon  on  Jtdin  ii,  17.  Lon.,  1643,  4to. 
Bow'les,  Thomas,  D.D.     Viearof  Brackley,  North- 
amptonshire.    Sernioiip,  1728-41,  4to. 

Bowles,  Kev.  William  Lisle,  1762-1850,  was  de- 
scended from  the  Bowleses  of  Burcombe,  in  Wilt.shire.  He 
was  born  at  King's  Sutton;  placed  at  Winchester,  1776; 
elected  a  scholar  of  Trinity  College,  Oxford,  1781  ;  Vicar 
of  Chicklade,  1792;  Rector  of  Dumbleton.  1797;  Viearof 
Bremhill,  and  Prebendary  of  Sali.^bury,  1804  ;  Canon  Re- 
sidentiary, 182S.     Mr.  Bowles  waa  a  voluminous  writer. 


BOW 

Fourteen  Snnncts.  1789,  4to.  Verses  to  John  Howard, 
lTSP,.ito.  Giiive  of  Howard;  a  Poem,  Lon.,  1790,  4lo. 
Verses,  1790,  4to.  Monody,  1791,  4to.  Elegiac  Verses, 
1796,  4to.  Hope,  179(1,  4,to.  Coombe  Ellew,  1798,  4to. 
St.  Michael's  Mount,  1798,  4to.  Poems,  1798-1809,  4  vols. 
8vo.  The  Battle  of  the  Nile;  a  Poem,  1799,  4to.  A  Dis- 
course, 1799,  4to.  A  Sermon,  1801,  4to.  The  Sorrows  of 
Switzerland;  a  Poem,  1801,  4to.  The  Picture;  a  Poem, 
1804,  4to.  The  Spirit  of  Discovery,  or  the  Conquest  of 
the  Ocean  ;  a  Poem,  1805,  8to.  Bowden  Hill,  1815,  4to. 
The  Missionary  of  the  Andes,  1822.  The  Gr.ave  of  the 
Last  Sa.'ion,  1823.  Ellen  Gray,  1828.  Days  Departed, 
1832.  St.  John  in  Patmos,  or  the  Last  Apostle,  1S32;  2d 
edit.  1833,  with  a  revised  selection  of  some  of  his  earlier 
pieces.  His  last  poetical  compositions  were  contained  in 
a  volume  entitled.  Scenes  and  Shadows  of  Days,  a  Narra- 
tive ;  accompanied  with  Poems  of  Youth,  and  some  other 
Poems  of  Melancholy  and  Fancy,  in  the  Journey  of  Life 
from  Youth  to  Age,'l837,  12mo.     Little  Villagers' Verse 

Book. 

"  One  of  the  sweetest  and  best  little  publications  in  the  English 
language." — Lon.  Literary  Gazette. 

■■  Since  the  time  of  I)r.  Watts  notbinp  has  been  published  at  once 
so  simple  and  so  useful.'" — L(m.  Sjyirit  of  the  Aye. 

A  Sermon,  1804.  Ten  Parochial  Sermons,  1814,  8vo. 
The  Plain  Bible,  and  the  Protestant  Church  in  England, 
1818,  Svo.  A  Voice  from  St.  Peter's  and  St.  Paul's,  1823, 
8vo.  Paulus  Parochialis,  182(5.  Svo.  Further  observa- 
tions on  report  Ch.  Commis.s.,  1837.  St.  Paul  at  Athena, 
1838.  A  Final  Defence  of  the  Eights  of  Patronage  in 
Deans  and  Ch;ipters,  1839.  In  1807  Mr.  B.  edited  the 
works  of  Alexander  Pope,  in  10  vols.  Svo,  for  which  he 
received  £300.  The  editor  criticized  his  author,  and  hence 
arose  an  animated  controversy.  Campbell  aud  Byron  at- 
tacked the  po.-itions  of  Mr.  B.,  and  especi.illy  his  dogma 
that  ''all  images  drawn  from  what  is  beautiful  or  sublime 
in  the  works  of  nature,  are  more  beautiful  and  sublime 
than  any  images  dr.awn  from  art;  and  that  they  are  there- 
fore per  «c  more  poetical."  To  this  Byron  responded,  not 
very  poetically,  that  "a  ship  in  the  wind,"  with  all  sail 
set,  is  a  more  poetical  object  than  a  "hog  in  the  wind," 
though  the  hog  is  all  nature,  and  the  ship  all  art.  This 
was  the  Jiedtuiio  ad  absurdtim,  indeed:  although  Bowleg 
might  have  rejoined  that  the  supposed  porker,  however 
respectable,  could  hardly  be  consiciered  either  "sublime  or 
beautiful."  This  controversy  lasted  for  many  years.  In 
1825  Bowles  published  his  Final  Ajipeal  to  the  Literary 
Public  relative  to  Pope,  elicited  l^y  Boscoe's  edit,  of  Pope, 
in  1826,  and  in  1826  the  last  gun  was  fired  by  Lessons  in 
Criticism  to  William  Roscoe,  Ac,  F.  K.  S.,  in  answer  to 
his  Letter  to  the  Rev.  W.  L.  Bowles  on  the  Character  and 
Poetry  of  Pope,  Svo.  In  1818  he  pub.  Vindiciaj  "Wyke- 
hamica;,  in  reply  to  Mr.  Brougham,  and  addressed  Two 
Letters  to  him  when  he  became  Lord  Chancellor,  on  the 
Position  and  Incomes  of  the  Cathedral  Clergy.  In  1826 
he  pub.  The  Parochial  History  of  Bremhill,  and  in  1S30- 
31,  The  Life  of  Thomas  Ken,  D.D.  The  Annals  and  An- 
titiuities  of  Lacock  Abbey  appeared  in  1835.  Mr.  B.  also 
pub.  Letters  to  Lord  Mountcashell  and  Sir  James  Mackin- 
tosh, and  had  a  controversy  with  the  Rev.  Edward  Duke, 
in  the  Gen.  Mag.,  relative  to  the  antiquities  of  Wiltshire. 
Mr.  Bowles's  reputation  as  a  poet  is  deservedly  great. 

In  his  Literary  Biography,  Mr.  Coleridge  expresses  in 
glowing  terms  the  delight  he  received  from  the  early  peru- 
sal of  Mr.  Bowles's  sonnets,  and  the  effect  which  they  pro- 
duced on  his  own  poetry. 

"  We  have  ourselves  heard  fi-om  Mr.  Wordsworth's  own  lips,  that 
he  got  possession  of  the  same  sonnets  [pub.  in  1793]  one  morning 
wben  he  was  setting  out  with  some  friends  on  a  pedestrian  tour 
from  London;  and  that  so  captivated  was  he  with  their  beauty, 
that  he  retreated  into  one  of  the  recesses  in  ■Westminster  Bridge, 
and  could  not  be  induced  to  rejoin  his  companions  till  he  had 
finished  them." — Lon.  Cent.  Mag.,  1S50. 

Mr.  Southey  freely  acknowledges  his  obligations  to  our 
author :  he  tells  Bedford, 

"  Mypoetical  taste  was  much  meliorated  by  Bowles." — OcM.1795. 
"  Tliis  morning  1  received  your  St.  John  in  Patmos.  I  have  just 
read  the  poem  through,  and  with  much  pleasure.  Yours  I  should 
have  known  it  to  have  been  by  the  sweet  and  unsophisticated  style 
upon  which  1  endeavoured,  now  almost  forty  years  ago,  to  form 
my  own." — Southey  to  Bowtes,  Juty  30.  Ifi32. 

'"  The  sonnets  of  Bowles  may  be  reckoned  among  the  first  fruits 
of  a  new  era  in  poetry.  They  came  in  an  age  when  a  commonplace 
facility  in  rhyming  on  the  one  hand,  and  an  almost  nonsensical 
affectation  in  a  new  school  on  the  other,  had  lowered  the  standard 
so  much,  that  critical  judges  spoke  of  English  poetry  as  of  some- 
thing nearly  extinct,  and  "disdained  to  read  what  they  were  sure 
to  disapprove.  In  these  sonnets  there  was  observed  a  grace  of  ex- 
pression, a  musical  versification,  and  especially  an  air  of  melan- 
choly tenderness,  so  congenfal  to  the  poetical  temperament,  which 
still,  after  sixty  years  of  a  more  propitious  period  than  that  which 
immediately  preceded  their  publication,  preserves  for  their  author 


BOW 


BOW 


a  highly  respectable  position  among  our  poets.  The  subsequent 
poems  of  Mr.  Bowk-s  did  not  belie  the  promise  of  his  youth." — 
Henrv  Hallam:  Address  before  the  Eoyal  iS'.iC'd;/  of  Literature. 

"Breathes  not  the  man  with  a  more  poetic  tt-mperament  than 
Bowles!  Xo  woiitler  that  his  'eyes  love  all  tli^-y  lofik  nn,'  for  they 
possess  the  sacred  ^'ift  of  beautifyinf^  creatinn  by  shedding  over  it 
the  charm  of  miilaDtholy.  .  .  .  His  human  si-iisililitifS  are  so  fine 
as  to  be  of  themselves  poetical;  and  his  poetical  aspirations  so 
delicate  as  to  be  aUvavs  human." — Professor  Wilson  :  Blackwood's 
Mag..  JS'pt.  1831. 

*■  Bowles  was  deficient  in  the  passion  and  imacrination  which 
command  great  things,  but  he  was,  notwithstandini;,  a  true  poet. 
He  had  a  fine  eye  for  the  beautiful  and  the  true :  and,  although  his 
enthusiasm  was  tempered,  we  never  miss  a  cordial  sympathy  with 
whatever  is  pure,  noble,  and  generous, — for  his  heart  was  in  the 
right  place." — Moir's  Poet.  Lit. 

A  Life  of  Mr.  Buwlcs,  by  a  relative  aud  Alaric  Watt-s, 
has  been  fur  smne  time  promisefl,  (1S5S.) 

Bowles,  W.  ]{..  Trans,  of  Letters  from  a  Portuguese 
Nuu,  LSl)S-12.  Trans,  of  Elizabeth,  by  M.  Cottin,  1S14,  Sva 

Bowles,  William.    AVorks  on  Nat.  History,  Madrid, 
1775,4(0;  Paris,  177G,Svo;  Parma,  1783,  2  vols.  4to.     Con.  I 
to  Phil.  Trails..  17nr>.  ] 

Bowles,  William.  The  Natural  Hist,  of  Merino  , 
Sheep.  Lon..  ISU.  8vo. 

Bowling,  W.  K.,  M.D.,  b.  1S03,  in  Virginia.  Founder  j 
of,  and  principal  contributor  to,  the  Nashville  Jour.  Med.  j 
and  Surg.  | 

Bowiker,  Charles.  Artof  Angling,  Worcester,  1746,  ' 
12mo.  1 

Bowman.  Hist.,  Ac.  Con.  to  Archceol.,  vol.  i.  p.  100- 
112.  1770.  I 

Bowman,  Henry,     The  Ecclesiastical  Architecture  | 
of  Great  Britain.  fn>ni  the  Conquest  to  the  Reformation,  ' 
by  H.   Bowman   .and  James  Hadticld,   Lon.,  1S45,  r.  4to. 
The  Churches  of  the  Middle  Ages,  by  H.  Bowman  aud  J. 
S.  Crowthcr.  Lon.,  imp.  fl.l.,  2  vols..  £10  10«.    Sue  Ecclesiug. 

Bowman,  Ilildebraad.  Travels  into  Carnovirria, 
Taupinccra.  Olfactnria,  and  Auditaiite,  in  New  Zealand; 
in  the  Island  of  Bunhommica,  and  in  the  Powerful  King- 
dom of  Luxo-Volu|»ta,  on  the  Great  Southern  Continent, 
Lon.,  177S,  8vo.     This  is  an  imitation  of  Gulliver's  Travels. 

Bowman,  John  E.  Introduction  to  Practical  Che- 
mistry ;  2d  ed..  Loii.,  fp.  Svo.  Commended  by  Lon.  Athen. 
Practical  Hand-Book  to  Medical  Chemistry;  2ded.,  fp.  Svo. 
Commended  by  Lon.  Medical  Gazette. 

Bowman,  Thomas.     Theolog.  treatises,  1762-91. 

Bowman,  William.     Sermons,  &c.,  Lon.,  1731. 

Bowman,  M  illiain,  F.R.S.,  Professor  of  Physio- 
logy and  Anatomy  in  King's  College,  London.  Lectures 
ou  Operaticms  on  the  Eye,  Lon.,  Svo. 

*'A  most  valuable  contribution  to  opbthalmological  science." — 
Mtd.-Chiriirg.  Rev.     See  alcso  Jour.  Med.  !?ci. 

Bownd,  Nic.,  D.D.     Theolog.  treatises.  1604-06. 

Bowneus,  Peter.    Pseudo-Medico.  Anat.,  1624,  4to. 

Bowrey,  Thomas.  Dictionary,  English  and  Malayo, 
Ac,  Lon.,  17*11,  4tu.  Dictionary  of  the  Hudson's  Bay 
Lauguage,  1701.  fol.  In  ISOO,  Lon.,  4to,  was  pub.  Gram- 
mar of  the  Malay  Tongue,  from  Bowrey's  Diet.,  Ac. 

Bowring,  Edgar  Alfred.  Schiller's  Poems  com- 
plete, including  ;i.ll  his  Early  Suppressed  Pieces,  attempted 
in  English,  ISol,  12mo.    Commended  by  the  Cologne  Gaz. 

Bowring,  Sir  John,  K.C.B.,  LL.D..  b.  1792,  Exeter, 
Eng.,  knighted  1S54,  has  distinguished  himself  as  a  philo- 
loger.  poet,  political  writer,  translator,  reviewer,  member 
of  Parliament,  and  (appointed  1854)  Governor  of  Hong-  , 
Kong.  His  publications  have  been  numerous.  1.  Speci- 
mens of  the  Russian  Poets,  Lon.,  1821-23,  2  vols.  12mo: 
see  Lon.  Month.  Rev.,  xcvi.,  1S21.  2.  Matins  and  Vespers, 
with  Hymns;  3d  ed.,  1S41,  ISmo;  4th  ed.,  1S51,  18mo : 
see  Lon.  Month.  Rev.,  ci.,  1823,  and  Lon.  Chris.  Examiner.  ' 
3.  In  conjunction  with  H.  S.  Van  Dyk,  Batavian  Anthology,  , 
1S24,  12mo,  4.  Ancient  Poetry  and  Iloinauces  of  Spain,  : 
1824,  p.  8vo.  5.  Specimens  of  the  Polish  Poets,  1827, 
12mo.  6.  Servian  Popular  Poetry,  1S27,  12mo.  7.  Poetry 
of  the  Magyars,  1830,  p.  8vo.  8.  Cheskian  Anthology;  , 
being  a  Hist,  of  the  Poet.  Lit.  of  Bohemia,  1832,  12mo. 
9.  Minor  Morals  for  Young  People,  3  Pts.,  1834-35-39 : 
see  Lon.  Athen.  10.  Reports  on  the  Commercial  Rela- 
tions between  France  and  G.  Britain,  183.0-36,  2  vols,  fob: 
Bee  Lon.  Athen.  11.  Reports  on  the  Statistics  of  Tuscany. 
Ac.,  1837.  12.  Observations  on  the  Oriental  Plague  and  on 
Quarantines,  Ac,  Edin.,  1839.  13.  First  Lessons  in  Theo- 
logy; for  Children,  Lon.,  1839. 18mo.  14.  Manuscript  of  the 
Queen's  Court,  with  other  Ancient  Bohemian  Poems  ;  trans. 
1S43.  15.  Decimal  Coinage,  with  Illustrations  of  Coins, 
1854,  p.  Svo.  16.  Decimal  System  in  Numbers,  Coins, 
and  Accounts,  1854.  cr.  8vo.  17.  The  Kingdom  and 
People  of  Siam ;  with  a  Narrative  of  the  Mission  to  that 
Country  in  1S55,  2  vols.  Svo,  1857. 


"By  r&aders  of  all  clas.scs  tlie  rt^^ol■ll  of  Sir  John  Bowring's  wan- 
derings will  be  perused  with  satibfact ion. "—ion.  Athen.,  1857 
335,  q.  V. 

See  also  345,  and  same  periodical,  (for  a  letter  on 
China,  then  first  published,)  Nov.  17,  1855.  See  also 
Cowring,  Cobdeu,  and  Chiu.a,  a  Memoir,  1857,  p.  Svo, 
pp.  32.  In  1825  he  became  the  editor  of  the  Westminst«r 
Review;  and  many  of  the  articles  in  that  periodical  on 
political  reforms  and  the  principles  of  free  trade  are  from 
his  pen.  He  was  a  disciple  of  Jeremy  Bentham,  was  hia 
literary  executor,  edited  his  works,  1838,  22  vols.  r.  8vo,  (see 
Bkntitam,  Jeremv,  ante,)  aud  wrote  a  sketch  of  his  life. 

Bowtell,  John,  D.D.    Theol.  treatises,  1710-11,  8vo.' 

Bowyer,  George,  M.P.,  D.C.L.,  an  eminent  law- 
writer.  1.  Dissert,  on  the  Statutes  of  the  Cities  of  Italy, 
Ac,  Lon.,  1838,  Svo.  The  argument  of  Farinacio  in  de- 
fence of  Beatrice  Cenci  in  this  volume  is  a  remarkalilo 
piece  of  pleading.  2.  A  Popular  Commentary  on  the  Con- 
stitutional Law  of  England,  1841,  12mo ;  '2d  ed..  1846, 
r.  Svo.  This  is  a  collection,  with  expositions  and  con- 
tinuation, of  such  of  Blackstone's  Commentaries  as  pertain 
to  constitutional  law.  It  is  an  excellent  work.  3.  Com- 
mentaries on  the  Modern  Civil  Law,  1848,  r.  Svo.  4.  The 
Cardinal  Archbishop  of  Westminster  and  the  New  Hier- 
archy ;  3d  ed.,  1850,  Svo.  5.  Two  Readings  delivered  in 
the  Middle  Temple  Hall,  1850,  Svo.  6.  Readings  before 
the  Hon.  Society  of  the  Middle  Temple  in  1850  ou  Canon 
Law.  1851,  r.  Svo.  7.  Commentaries  on  Universal  Public 
Law,  1854,  r.  Svo. 

"  Mr.  Bowj-er  has  laboriously  won  his  reputation  as  a  profound 
civilian,  a  critical  canonist,  and  an  imUistrious  investigator  of 
foreign  and  European  law.  ,  .  .  The  aiitlior's  industry  appears  to 
have  spread  itself  over  everjwiroviiice  of  modern  and  ancient  law.'* 
— Lmi.  M.  Chronicle,  April  15,  1S54. 

Bowver,  Sir  George.  R.  Catholic  Question,  1813, Svo. 
Bowver,  R.  G.  Sermons,  1803,  '04,  '11. 
Bowyer,  Thomas.  Theolog.  treatises,  1734, '35, '37. 
Bowyer,  William,  1699-1777,  will  long  be  remem- 
bered as  the  most  learned  English  printer  of  whom  we 
have  any  account.  The  names  of  Stephens,  of  Aldus,  of 
Bowyer,  and  such  men,  may  ever  be  pointed  to  with  com- 
mendable pride  by  the  superintendent  of  the  type  and  ma- 
trice.  Bowyer's  father  and  grandfather  were  printers,  so 
that  he  may  be  said  to  have  inherited  the  noble  art.  Wil- 
liam was  born  in  Dogwell  Court,  White  Fryars,  London, 
December  19th.  He  studied  for  a  time  under  the  cele- 
brated Ambrose  Bonwicke,  (7.  v.,)  and  in  1716  was  ad- 
mitted as  a  sizar  at  St.  John's  Ctdlege,  Cambridge.  He 
remained  here  till  June,  1722,  during  which  time  he  ob- 
tained Roper's  exhibition,  and  wrote  in  1719  what  he 
styled  Epistola  pro  Sodalitio  a  rev.  viro  F.  Roper  mihi  le- 
gato. It  does  not  appear  that  he  took  his  degree  of  B.A. 
In  1722  he  entered  into  the  printing  business  as  a  partner 
with  his  father.  From  this  time  until  bis  death  Mr.  Bow- 
yer was  engaged  in  superintending  his  press,  and  contri- 
buting to  various  learned  works  in  the  way  of  correctiona, 
prefaces,  annotations,  &c.  The  learned  men  of  the  day 
found  it  a  great  advantage  to  have  in  the  person  of  their 
printer  a  scholar  whose  erudition  and  classical  taste  could 
rectify  their  errors  and  im]>rnve  their  lucubrations.  A  co- 
pious account  of  Mr.  B.'s  editorial  labour  of  this  description 
will  be  found  in  that  most  delightful  of  books  of  the  class — 
Nichols's  Literary  Anecdotes  of  the  ISth  Centurv, 
9  vols.,  181 2-1 5  ;  continued  as  Illcstrations  of  Literary 
Historv.  1817-48.  7  vols.  The  foundation  of  this  work 
was  apamphlet  of  52pages,  1778,  entitled  Biographical  Me- 
moirs of  Mr.  Bowyer;  enlarged  to  a  4to  vol.  in  1782;  still 
further  enlarged  as  above.  See  Nichols,  John.  A  va- 
luable account  of  Bowyer  will  be  found,  also,  in  Chalmers's 
Biog.  Diet.  In  1763  Mr.  Bowyer  pub.  his  celebrated  edi- 
tion of  the  Greek  Testament,  2  vols.  12mo,  containing  hia 
Conjectural  Emendations.  A  second  edit,  of  the  Emenda- 
tions was  pub.  separately  in  1772,  Svo.  under  the  following 
title:  Conjectures  on  the  New  Testament,  collected  from 

'  various  Authors,  as  well  in  regard  to  Words  as  Pointing, 

I  with  the  reasons  on  which  both  are  founded.     A  third  edit. 

'  appeared  in  1782,  4to,  and  a  fourth  in  1812,  4to.  The 
great  merits  of  this  work  were  conceded  from  the  first. 

'  ''  I  must  not  omit  to  return  my  thanks  for  your  notes  upon  tho 
Greek  Tt-stameut,  and  particularly  for  the  excellent  Preface  before 
thfin.  They  have  been  of  great  use  to  me  and  others  on  several 
occasions,  and  I  wish  we  had  more  such  collections  by  equally 
able  hands." — Archdeacon  Blaceburne,  in  1766;  the  celebrated 
author  of  the  Confessional,  v.  the  name. 

"  I  would  also  recommend  a  look  into  a  Greek  Testament  lately 
published  by  Mr.  Bowyer,  a  printer,  whose  erudition  not  only  sets 
him  on  a  par  with  the  best  stholars  among  the  early  printers,  but 
would  do  credit  f^  persons  of  hi.L'h  rank  even  in  the  learned  pro- 
fessions."—  Twn  Crammafico}  Essai/s.  cfic.,  17'J9. 

j      "  This  Work  cannot  but  be  acceptable  to  every  Critical  Header 

229 


BOX 


of  the  New  Testament,  as  it  is  tlie  best  Collection  of  Conjectural 
Emendations  whicli  has  yet  appeared." — Lan.  Critical  Review. 

"  The  reader  will  here  meet  with  much  sound  criticism,  and 
many  instances  of  the  importance  of  true  punctuation,  which  Mr. 
Bowyer  considered  of  more  importance  than  all  the  various  read- 
ings'put  together.''— Bishop  Watsom. 

"  A  book  which  on^ht  to  bo  read  by  every  scholar  and  evei-y 
rational  Chri-stian."— Dr.  Pabr. 

But  the  British  Critic  does  not  coincide  with  Dr.  Parr, 
altogether : 

"  Bowyer's  work  is  for  the  learned  only ;  and  for  those  among 
the  learned  who  can  discriminate  and  judge  for  themselves.  Con- 
jectures on  the  sacred  text  are,  at  liest.  extremely  hazardous; 
hence  it  is  that  the  work,  though  \alualili-.  can  deserve  only  a 
partial  recommendation."— Bri(.  Crilir,  prrf  to  vol.  vi.  For  a  Re- 
view of  the  4th  edit.,  see  Brit.  Cntic,  0.  S.  xi.  .507 ;  for  Reviews  of 
former  edits.,  see  Monthly  lieview,  0.  S..  xlvi.  l>7. 

"  As  conjectures,  the  best  that  can  be  said  of  them  is,  that  they 
are  often  ingenious.  The  alterations  in  the  pointing  are  not,  pro- 
perly, conjectural,  and  therefore  may  be  more  safely  trusted."— 
Orm'e. 

Bishop  Marsh  remarks  that 

"  Tn  the  Greek  Testament  our  me.ans  of  correction  from  mithor- 
ity  are  so  ample,  that  conjecture  is  unne.-ess:iry ;  and,  if  unneces- 
sary it  is  injurious,  especially  in  a  work,  where,  if  the  words 
might  be  altered  from  conjecture,  a  door  would  be  opened  to  every 
species  of  corruption." 

The  same  eminent  authority  gives  Mr.  Bowyer  full  credit 
for  his  scholarship : 

"  Bowyer's  Conjectures  are  of  real  value." 
We  should  mention  that  the  writers  from  whom  the  se- 
lection is  principally  made,  besides  Bowyer  himself,  are 
Bishop  Barrington,  Mr.  Marklauil,  Professor  Schultz,  Mi- 
chaelis.  Dr.  Henry  Owen,  Dr.  Woide,  Dr.  Gosset,  and  Ste- 
phen Weston. 

In  177i  appeared  Mr.  Bowyer's  Origin  of  Printing,  m 
two  essays;  1.  The  Substance  of  Dr.  Muldlcton's  Disser- 
tation on  the  Origin  of  Printing  in  England.  2.  Jlr.  Mcer- 
man's  Account  of  the  Invention  of  tlio  Art  at  Ilaiirlem, 
and  its  progress  to  Meutz ;  with  occasional  I'.cmarks,  and 
an  Appendix.  In  this  work  Mr.  B.  was  assisted  by  Dr. 
Ilenry  Owen,  and  Cffisar  de  Missy ;  2d  edit,  enlarged,  1776, 
8to  ;  with  a  Supplement  by  John  Nichols,  1781, 8vo.  This 
publication,  which  appeared  anonymously,  was  soon  known 
to  be  Mr.  Bowyer's,  and  was  received  with  great  favour. 

"The  periodical  loiblicatiuns  of  the  Continent  joined  those  of 
England  in  its  coniiiiriul;ition." 

••  lie  has  interspcrM-d.  through  the  whole  piece,  a  number  of  va- 
luable notes,  which  will  greatly  increase  the  general  stock  of  know- 
ledge upon  the  subject." — ^Dr.  Kipps  :  MontJdy  Rev.  and  Biog.  Brit. 
"Mr.  Bowyer's  learning  and  particular  knowledge  in  his  profes- 
sion qu.alify'him  for  being  at  least  as  good  a  judge  of  the  dispute  as 
any  man  that  ever  lived."— Sir  James  Burrow  :  Literary  rroperli/. 
ilis  trans,  of  Select  Discourses  from  Michaelis,  12mo, 
was  pub.  in  1773.  This  vol.  has  become  very  scarce.  See 
Home's  Introduc.  to  the  Scriptures. 

In  1785  Mr.  Nichols  (Mr.  B.'s  friend  and  partner)  pub. 
Miscellaneous  Tracts,  by  Mr.  Bowyer  and  several  of  his 
learned  friends,  4to,  and  we  have  already  referred  the  reader 
to  that  rich  storehouse  of  literary  treasures,  Nichols's  Lite- 
rary Anecdotes.  It  may  well  be  supposed  that  the  amiable 
character  aud  remarkabie  erudition  of  Mr.  Bowyer  gathered 
around  him  a  host  of  devoted  friends.  We  venture  the 
assertion  that  no  man  in  any  age  ever  had  a  larger  circle 
of  distinguished  literary  acquaintances.  Among  these 
may  be  mentioned,  Archbishop  Seeker,  Bishops  Warbur- 
ton',  Kennett,  Tanner,  Sherlock,  Hoadly,  Lyttleton,  Pearco, 
Lowth,  Barrington,  Hurd,  Percy,  Earl  of  Macclesfield, 
Earl  of  Marchmont,  Lord  Lyttelton,  Lord  Sandys,  Alex- 
ander Pope.  Dr.  Wotton.  Rt.  Hon.  Arthur  Onslow,  ChishuU, 
Clarke,  Markl.and,  ILillis,  De  Missy,  Mattaire,  R.  Gale,  S. 
Gale,  Browne,  Willis,  Spelman,  Miu-ant,  David  Garrick, 
Dean  Prideaux,  Dean  Freind,  Dean  Milles,  Dr.  Robert 
Freind,  Dr.  John  Freind,  Dr.  Taylor,  Dr.  Barnard,  Dr. 
Powell,  Dr.  Wilkins,  Dr.  Ducarel,  Dr.  Pcgge,  Dr.  Salter, 
Dr.  Owen,  Dr.  Ileberden,  and  many  others.  Sec  Chalmers's 

Biog.  Diet. 

'■  For  more  than  half  a  century  he  stood  unriv.alled  as  a  learned 
printer:  and  some  of  the  most  masterly  productions  of  this  king- 
dom have  been  described  as  appearing  from  his  press.  ...  To  his 
literary  and  professional  abilities  he  added  an  excellent  Moral  I  'ha- 
racter.  His  regard  to  Keligion  was  dispKayed  in  his  Publications, 
and  in  the  course  of  his  Life  and  Studies;  and  he  was  particularly 
distinguished  by  his  inflexible  probity,  and  an  uncommon  alacrity 
in  relieving  the  necessitous.  Ilis  liberality  in  relieving  every  spe- 
cies of  distress,  and  his  endeavours  to  conceal  his  benefactions, 
refiect  great  honour  on  his  memory." — Nichoh's  Lit.  ^hci;.,  vol.  iii. 

Box,  G.     National  Debt  of  G.  Britain,  1785,  8vo. 

Boycatt,  W.     Ser.  on  the  It.  Catholic  Question.  1808. 

Boyce,  Samuel.  A  New  Pantheon,  1762, 4to.  Poeti- 
lal  works.  1757.  '7.'i.  *85. 

Boyce,  Thomas.     Harold;  a  Tragedy,  1785,  4to. 

Boyce,  William.     Belgian  Tr.aveller,  1S15.  Svo. 

"  We  are  persuaded  that  any  person  who  is  meditating  a  trip  to 


BOY 

nolkand  and  the  Netherlands,  will  find  his  account  in  putting  this 
Belr-i"-u  Traveller  into  his  pocket."— ion.  MmtJili/  Revttw. 

The  Second  Usurpation ;  a  Hist,  of  the  Revolution  in 
France,  1816,  2  vols.  Svo. 

Boyce,  William,  1710-1779,  an  eminent  English  mu- 
sician, pull.,  with  the  assistance  of  Drs.  Hayes  and  Howard, 
three  volumes  of  Cathedral  Music,  being  a  collection  in 
score  of  the  most  valuable  compr.sitioiis  for  that  service  by 
the  several  English  masters  of  the  preceding  two  centuries. 
•■  Dr  Boyce  was  one  of  the  few  of  om-  church  composers  who 
neither  pilla-ed  nor  servilely  imitated  Handel.  There  is  an  original 
and  sterling  merit  in  his  productions,  founded  as  much  on  the 
studv  of  our  own  old  masters,  as  on  the  best  models  of  other  coun- 
tries' that  gives  to  all  his  works  a  peculiar  stamp  and  chaiacter  of 
his  own,  for  strength,  clearness,  and  flicility,  without  any  mixture 
of  styles  or  extraneous  and  heterogeneous  ornaments.  tee  Lhal- 
mers's  Biog.  Diet.,  and  Burney's  Hist,  of  Music,  vol.  in. 

Anthems,  Don.,  178S,  fob;  with  portrait  by  Sherwin. 
Boyd,  Andrew.     See  Bonifs. 

Boyd,  Archibald,  Curate  of  Londonderry.  Doctrines 
of  Eu'dand,  Hemic,  amf  Oxford  Compared,  Svo.  Episco- 
pacy and  Presbytery,  .'^vo.  Letters  on  Episcopacy.  Ac,  8vo. 
The  Christian  instructor  commends  an  answer  (pub.  1843) 
to  Boyd's  positions  with  respect  to  Episcopacy, 


A  masterpiece  of  its  kind,  reminding  one  of  the  might  and 
mastery  of  a  learned  age."  ,      ™,  .  ,  .  . 

Sermons  on  the  Church.  Strengthen  the  Things  which 
Remain ;  a  Sermon. 

••  Origin:d  in  its  conception,  vigorous  and  eloquent  in  expres- 
sion."— Bi-itanina.  ,      „.   ,  „  t,   ^a- 

Boyd,  E.  A  Thanksgiving  on  the  Victory  of  Dettin- 
gen.  Lon.,  1743,  4to.  „    ,      t  ^  r 

Boyd,  Henry,  d.  1832.  Trans,  of  the  Inferno  of 
DanfcLon.,  1785,2  vols.  12rao.  Poems,  1706,  8to.  Trans, 
of  the  Divina  Commedia  of  Dante,  1802,  3  vols.  Svo.  The 
Penance  of  Hugo :  from  the  Italian,  1805,  Svo.  The  Wood- 
man's Tale,  Ac,  1805,  Svo. 

"  \  very  agreeable  collection,  and  will  add  considerably  to  Mr. 
Boyd's  literary  lame."— BW(.  Ci-ilic :  and  see  Anti-Jacobin. 
The  Triumph  of  Petrarch  ;  a  trans.,  1807.  Svo. 
Boyd,  Hugh,  or  Hugh  Macauley,  1746-1791,  was 
educated  at  Trinity  College.  The  Indian  Observer,  and 
some  Miscellaneous  Works,  with  an  Account  of  his  Life 
and  Writings,  l)y  L.  D.  Campbell,  Lon.,  179.8, 1800,  2  vols. 
Svo.  Boyd  wrote  in  Ireland  a  political  periodical  paper 
called  The  Freeholder,  1772;  he  confriljuted  an  Introduc- 
tion to  Lord  Chatham's  Speeches,  and  The  Whig  to  the 
London  Courant,  pub.  by  Almon.  The  Indian  Observer, 
reprinted  with  other  papers,  as  above,  was  originally  pub. 
at  Madras.  Mr.  Campbell  pub.  the  above  edition  of  his 
works  to  prove  Boyd's  identity  witli  Junius,  an  assertion 
said  to  hare  been  first  made  by  Almon. 

■■  Boyd  wrote  iifter  Junius,  and.  like  most  political  writers,  aims 
at  his  'style:  and'the  only  conclusion  which  his  friends liavearrived 
at  amounts  to  this  .absurdity.  th;it  an  imitator  must  be  an  original 
writer;  and  even  this  iu  the  case  of  Mr.  Boyd  is  peculiarly  unfoi^ 
tunate,  for  his  imitations  are  among  the  most  feeble  th.at  have  ever 
been  attempted."  .,      t^       ,./.,,,  » 

See  also  another  advocate  for  Mr.  Boyd  m  Chalmers  s 
Appendix  to  the  Supplemental  Apology,  Ac,  1800. 

"  By  comparing  Junius  with  the  other  writings  of  M'Auley  Boyd, 
we  see  the  s;ime  characteristicks  in  all:  the  elegance  and  energy, 
the  same  inaccuracy  and  inexperience:  the  same  topii-ks  and  im- 
agery and  expressions;  the  same  turbulence;  and  even  m  his  Ob- 
server niav  be  traced  .  , 
"■The  cockle  of  rebellion,  insolence,  sedition. 
Boyd,  Hugh  Stuart,  Select  Passages  of  the  Writ- 
ings of  St.  Clirysostom,  St.  Gregory  Nanianzen,  and  St. 
Basil,  trans,  from  the  Greek.  1806,  r.  Svo.  Reviewed  in 
Edin.  Rev.  xxiv.  58-72.  A  Selection  from  the  Poems  and 
Writings  of  Gregory  Nazi.anzen.  1814,  Svo.  On  Cosmogo- 
ny, Phil.  Mag.,  1817.  Reflections  on  the  Atoning  Sacri- 
fice of  Jesus  Christ,  1817,  Svo.  The  Fathers  not  Papists, 
with  discourses  and  other  extracts  from  tlicir  writings;  a 
new  edit.,  considerably  enlarged.  Lon..  1834,  Svo.  For  a 
notice  of  Mr.  Boyd's  translations,  sec  Brit,  Critic,  Oct.  1834. 
Boyd,  Janies.  Adam's  Roman  Antifiuities;  with 
100  illustrations. 

••  ^Ve  bestow  the  unqualified  praise  which  it  merits  on  the  edition 
before  us."— /1h///»  rnirrriiilii  Mag. 

•'  In  references  and  annotations  the  editor  has  bestowed  immense 
pains.  The  pagi-s  are  literally  crammed.  Jlany  of  the  lengthened 
notes  descriptive  of  ancient  customs  are  most  valuable."— Turt's 

jPotter's  Antiquities  of  Greece,  with  a  sketch  of  the  Lite- 
rature of  Greece,  by  Sir  D.  K.  Sandford ;  with  150  Illus- 
trations. 

'■  Valu.able  improvements  have  been  introduced  into  this  edition. 

—.Al„-r:lr,'n  J:in;n,l. 

Boyd,  Rev.  James  R.,  b.  1804,  in  the  State  of  N. 
York,  Prof.  Moral  Philosopliy.  and  College  Preacher  at 
Hamilton  Coll.  Elements  of  'Rhetoric  and  Literary  Criti- 
cism.    Ecloctie  Moral  Philosophy.     Westminster  Shorter 


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Catechism,  with  Scriptural  proofs,  Ac.    Karnes's  Elements 
of  Criticism,  with  additions,  &,c. 

Prof.  Boyd  has  rendered  valuable  service  to  polite  litera- 
ture in  editing,  with  biographical  notices,  judicious  critical 
obscrvartuiia  and  explanatory  notes  for  the  use  of  schools 
and  colleges — Milton's  Paradise  Lost,  Young's  Night 
Thoughts,  Thomson's  Seasons,  Cowper's  Task  and  other 
Poems,  and  PuUuk's  Course  of  Time. 

Boyd,  Jolm  P.,  of  Boston,  d,  1830,  aged  62,  pub. 
Documents  and  Facts  relative  to  Military  Events  during 
the  lato  War.  ISUJ. 

ISoyd,  Mark  Alexantler,  d.  IfiOl,  aged  about  3S 
years,  was  a  son  of  Hubert  Buyd  of  Pinklll.  in  Ayrshire, 
Scotland,  and  a  nephew  of  James  Buyd,  Archbishop  of 
Glasguw.  He  was  for  some  time  a  soldier  in  France,  but 
devoted  much  of  his  leisure  to  the  study  of  the  Hobrew, 
Greek,  and  Latin,  and  the  Civil  Law,  and  became  one  of 
the  best  scholars  of  his  day.  Epistolic  Heroidum  etilymni, 
p.  142.  luter  Poet.  Scot.  Dclit.,  Amst.,  1637,  Svo.  lie  had 
an  avorsiou  to  publication,  and  left  a  number  of  works  in 
MS.  He  traus.  Caesar's  Commentaries  into  Greek,  and 
could  write,  dictate,  and  converse  in  that  language  with 
copiousness  and  elegance. 

"His  bioj^rapber  (luestions  whether  any  of  the  ancients  have 
excelled  bim  in  ele;;iac  poetry,  and  is  positive  that  uoue  of  the 
Latins  have  equalk^d  bis  hymns." 

To  the  same  effect  speaks  Olaus  Eorrichius: 
"In  Marco  Alexandre  Bodio,  Scoto.  redivivum  spectamus  Naso- 
Aem;  ea  est  in  ejusdem  Epistolis  Ilerodium,  lux,  candor,  Uexteri- 
tas." — Dissert/ilioii^s  Acackmicfe  de  Poetis. 

See  Sketch  of  the  Life  of  Boyd,  by  Lord  Hailes,  1783,  Svo. 
lioyil)  Robert,  1578-1627,  a  Scotch  divine,  descended 
from  Rul)ert  Boyd,  Earl  of  Arran,  was  educated  at  the  Uni- 
versity uf  Ediiiliurgh.  He  became  Professor  of  Philosophy 
at  Mo'ntauban  in  France,  Professor  at  Saumur,  1608,  Pro- 
fessor of  Divinity  in  the  University  of  Glasgow,  1615. 

Proeleetiones  in  Epistolam  ad  Ephesios,  Lon.,  1652,  fob; 
Geneva,  1662. 

"An  English  translation  of  tbJs  work  was  made,  if  I  mistake 
not,  by  the  author's  son,  and  published  in  4to.  It  is  not  strictly 
of  an  expository  nature.  It  enteis  largely  into  doctrinal,  practi- 
cal, and  controversial  subjects." — Orme. 

"  Uis  Prwleetiones  contain  some  good  critical  remarks,  as  well 
as  many  elocjuent  passages,  and  it  is  to  be  regretted  that  be  should 
have  rendered  the  work  heavy  and  repulsive,  by  indulginj;,  ac- 
cording to  a  practice  theu  common  among  the  continental  com- 
mentators, in  long  digressions,  for  the  sake  of  illustrating  general 
doctrines  and  determining  the  controversies  of  the  times." — Dr. 
McCrie:  Lifp  of  Mfhnlle. 

Boyd,  Robert.     Legal  Treatise.^i,  Edin.,  1779,  '87. 
Boyd,  Walter.      Essays  on  Polit.  Economy,   Lou., 
1801.  'Oo.  8vo. 

Boyd,  Sir  William,  A.M.,  M.D.,  b.  1812,  Ayrshire, 
Scotland.  Hist,  of  Literature.  Lon.,  4  vols.  Svo  :  see  Athen., 
and  Lit.  Gaz.  Lects.  on  Auc.  and  Mod.  Lit.,  Art,  (tc,  12mo. 
Boyd,  or  Boyde,  Zaehary*  The  Battle  of  Soul  in 
Death,  Edin.,  liU'.i,  8vo.  Oratio.  Ac.  1G3.3,  4to.  Crosses, 
Comforts,  Counsels,  &c..  Glasf^.,  1613,  Svo.  The  Garden 
of  Zion,  Glasj;.,  2  vols.  Svo,  1644.  Two  Oriental  Pearls, 
Grace  and  Glory,  Edin.,  1718,  12mo.  This  j;oud  man 
turned  the  Bilile  into  rhyme  in  the  vulvar  dialect  of  the 
country,  to  be  pub.  and  circuhited  for  the  benefit  of  the 
common  people ;  and  for  thi.s  purpose  he  intrusted  a  large 
sum  to  the  University  of  Glasgow.  His  executors,  how- 
ever, never  pub.  the  MSS.,  deeming  it  inexpedient  to  cir- 
culate this  poetical  version. 

Boyde,  H,    Voyage  to  Barbary,  Lon.,  1736,  Svo. 
Boydell,  James.     Works  on  Gauging,   &c.,   Lon,, 
176-1.  "84.  Svo. 

Boydell,  James.  Treatise  on  Landed  Property, 
1849,  r.  Svu. 

Boydell,  John.     Sermon  on  Ps.  ci.,  1727,  Svo. 
Boydell,  John.     See  Shakspeare. 
Boydell,   Josiah.     Improvement  of  the  Arts  and 
Sciences.  ISOo. 

Boyer,  Abel,   1667-1729,  though  a  native  of  Lan- 
guedoe.  was  a  resident  of  England  from  1689.    His  French 
and  English  Dictionary,  pub.  Lon.,  1699,  fob,  is  still  well 
known  ;  but  he  compiled  some  English  works,  which  prin- 
cipally claim  our  notice.     Political  State  of  Great  Britain 
from  1711  to  1729;  continued  to   1740,  making  60  vols. 
Svo.     This  contains  the  history  of  ecclesiastical  and  civil 
parties  and  affairs,  with  abstracts  from  pamphlets,  &q.  re- 
lating to  Great  Britain  and  the  Continent.     Annals  of  the 
Reign  of  Queen  Anne,  1703-13,  11  vols.  Svo.     History  of 
Queen  Anne,  1735,  fob 
"  A  very  good  rhmnicle  of  this  period  of  English  Ilistnrv." 
History  of  William  111.,  1702.  3  vols.  Svo.     Life"  of  Sir 
"William  Temple.  1714,  Svo.     Other  works, 
"llis  publications  are  more  useful  now  lliau  when  published,  as 


they  contain  many  state  papers,  memorials,  Ac,  which  it  would 
be  difficult  to  find  elsewhere." 

Swift  speaks  of  him  contemptuously  on  account  of  his 
political  predilections,  and  Pope  honours  him  by  a  place 
in  The  Dunciad. 

Boyers,  D.     The  Builder*s  Companion,  1S07,  Svo. 

Boyes,  J.  F.  Parallel  Illustrations  of  the  Tragedies 
of  ^ischylus  and  Sophocles,  Lon.,  Svo. 

"To  use  the  l.intrujiire  of  Cicero,  be  has  rendered  those  studies 
which  uurtuivd  lni\huod.  delightful  to  age." — Lon.  ACfintcium. 

"One  nf  th-'  nil -si  pleasint;  classical  works  that  we  have  lately 
read."— Z/.».  <:r>il.  M-uj. 

Boyle,  Charles,  fourth  Eax-1  of  Orrery,  grandson  of 
the  "  Great  Earl  of  Cork,"  1676-1731,  was  the  second  son 
of  Roger,  second  Earl  of  Orrery,  by  Lady  JIary  Sackville, 
daughter  to  Richard.  Earl  of  Dorset  and  Middlesex.  At 
15  ho  entered  a  nobleman  at  Christ  Church,  Oxford.  His 
talents  were  so  marked  that  I>r.  Aldrich,  in  conii>leting  at 
his  request  the  <M.iiipcndium  of  Logic  long  used  at  Oxford, 
styles  him  Magnum  ^Edis  nostrie  ornamcntum.  Dr.  Aid- 
rich's  high  opinion  of  his  abilities  proved  in  the  end  a 
misfortune  to  Boyle,  as  the  dean's  encouragement  induced 
him  to  undertake  the  care  of  the  edition  of  the  Epistles  of 
Phalaris,  pub.  1695,  which  provoked  the  celeliratcd  con- 
trover.sy  with  '*  slashing  Bentley."  This  subject  we  have 
already  treated  in  the  article  Bentley,  Richard.  The  in- 
strument called  the  Orrery  was  so  named  by  Sir  Richard 
Steele,  in  error,  from  the  fact  that  one  of  the  first  was  made 
for  the  earl  l)y  Rowley.  The  real  inventor  was  a  Mr. 
George  Graham.  The  earl  was  the  author  of  As  You  Find 
It,  a  Comedy,  1703;  in  vol.  2d  of  the  Works  of  Roger, 
Earl  of  Orrery;  {Lon.,  1739,  2  vols.  Svo.)  Some  Copies  of 
Verses.  A  Latin  Trans,  of  the  Epistles  of  Phalaris,  and 
Notes  to  that  Author.  Oxon.,  1695,  Svo;  in  English,  169S, 
12nio.  Examination  of  Dr.  Bentley 's  Dissertation  on  the 
Epistles  of  Phalaris,  and  ^Esop's  Fables,  Lon.,  1698,  Svo; 
1699,  Svo;  (chiefly  written  by  ATTERiiURr,  Freinp,  and 
King  :  see  these  names.)  Preamble  to  his  patent  of  Peer- 
age, Lon.,  1711,  4to;  An  Epilogue  to  his  Predecessor's 
Alt«mira,  and  several  Songs  in  it. 

Boyle  was  in  great  estimation  with  the  wits  of  the  age. 
We  have  already  stated  that  Garth  stereotyped  his  igno- 
rance in  the  well-known  couplet, 

"  So  diamonds  owe  a  lustre  to  their  foil, 
Aud  to  a  liENTLEY  'tis  we  owe  a  Boyle." 

See  ItENTLET.  Richard. 

His  brilliancy  was  unquestionable,  but  he  was  forced  to 
"pale  his  ineflectual  fire"  before  the  splendour  of  Bent- 
ley's  rays. 

"  He  resembled  in  his  character,  and  not  a  little  in  his  fortunes, 
his  illustrious  ancestor,  tht*  lirst  Earl  of  Orrery.  Like  him,  he  was 
an  author,  a  soldii-r,  and  a  statesman.  His  Ifarning  was  solid,  not 
p«d;iutic;  and  thou;;h  he  did  not  affect  the  orator  in  public,  yet 
in  private  conversation,  no  man  spoke  with  (greater  ease  to  him- 
self, or  pleasure  to  those  who  heard  bim." — Dr.  Campbell. 

See  Park's  Walpole's  R.  &  N.  Authors;  Biog.  Brit. 

Boyle,  Hamilton,  Earl  of  Cork  and  Orrery,  second 
son  of  John,  Earl  of  Orrery,  great-great-grandson  of  the 
''Great  Earl  of  Cork,"  1730-1764,  was  admitted  in  1748 
student  of  Christ  Church,  Oxford.  His  claims  to  author- 
ship consist  of  Nos.  60  and  170  in  the  periodical  entitled 
The  World. 

"They  are  drawn  up  with  vivacity,  elefrance.  and  humour,  af- 
foi'ding  a  proof  that  if  his  lite  had  been  continued,  he  would  have 
added  new  liteiary  honour  to  his  celebrated  name  and  Cmiily." 

Boyle,  Henry,  The  Universal  Chronologist,  Ac, 
from  the  Crcatiun  to  1S25,  inclusive,  trans,  from  the 
French  of  M.  St.  Martin,  with  an  elaborate  continuation, 
2  vols.  Svo,  Lnn.,  1826. 

Boyle,  John,  Earl  of  Cork  and  Orrery,  great-grand- 
son of  the  "  Great  Earl  of  Cork,"  father  of  the  above,  and 
eon  of  Charles.  Earl  of  Orrery,  was  educated  at  "West- 
minster and  Christ  Church,  Oxford,  of  which  college  his 
father  was  so  distinguished  an  ornament. 

Poems  to  the  Memory  of  John  Shefheld,  Duke  of  Buck- 
ingham. Dubl.,  1741,  Svo.  Imitations  of  the  1st  aud  5th 
Odes  of  Horace,  1741.  Letters  of  Pliny  the  Younger, 
Lon.,  1752,  2  vols.  4to  and  Svo. 

"In  this  translation  his  lordship  is  allowed  to  have  civen  a 
very  just  representation  of  the  character  of  Pliny,  and  of  thu  merit 
of  his  letters."— I*  ABK. 

Memoirs  of  the  Life  of  Robert  Cary,  Earl  of  Monmouth, 
1759,  Svo;  2d  edit.,  1760,  Svo.  Letters  from  Italy,  writ- 
ten in  1754  and  1755  to  William  Duncombe,  Esq.,  1774. 
He  wrote  Nos.  47,  68.  and  161,  in  The  World,  contributed 
some  Letters  to  The  Connoisseur,  (signed  G.  K.,  Ac.,)  and 
was  author  of  some  other  pieces.  But  the  publication  by 
which  he  is  chiefly  known  is,  Remarks  on  the  Life  and 
Writings  of  Dr.  Jonathan  Swift,  in  a  series  of  Letters, 
Lon.,  1751,  Svo.     The  earl  was  much  censured  for  this 

231 


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publication,  as  it  exposed  to  the  world  matters  which  it 
was  thought  he  should,  as  Swift's  friend,  have  confined  to 
his  own  bosom.  Warburton,  in  his  letters  to  Bishup  Hurd, 
takes  the  carl  to  task  in  his  usual  coarse  style,  calling 
them  "detestable  letters."  Br.  Johnson  justified  his 
lordship. 

"  Macleod  asked  Johnson  if  it  was  not  wroni;;  in  Orrery  to  expose 
the  delists  of  a  man  witli  whom  he  had  lived  in  intimacy.  John- 
son :  '  Why  no,  sir,  after  the  man  is  dead ;  for  then  it  is  done  his- 
torically.' .  .  .  He  said  Orrery  was  a  feeble-minded  man :  that  on 
the  publication  of  Dr.  Delany's  Remarks  on  his  book,  he  was  so 
much  alarmed  that  he  was  afraid  to  read  them.  Dr.  Johnson  com- 
forted him  by  teUing  him  they  were  both  in  the  ri;:ht;  th.at  De- 
lany  had  seen  most  of  the  good  side  of  Swift. — Lord  Orrery  most 
of  the  bad.  .  .  .  S-peaking  of  the  noble  femily  of  Boyle,  he  said  that 
all  the  Lord  Orrerys  till  the  present  had  been  writers.  The  first 
wrote  several  plays;  the  second  was  Bentley's  antagonist;  the 
third  wrote  the  life  of  Swift,  and  several  other  things;  his  son 
Hamilton  wrote  some  papers  in  the  Adventurer  and  World." — 
Bo^wcWs  Johnson. 

Either  Johnson  or  Boswell  was  Inaccurate  here. 

"In  every  domestic  and  social  relation,  in  all  the  endearing 
connections  of  life,  as  a  husband,  a  father,  a  friend,  a  master,  Lord 
Orrery  had  few  equals.  The  lustre  which  he  received  from  rank 
and  title,  he  retlected  back  unimpaired  and  undiminished.  .  .  . 
He  loved  truth  even  to  a  dej^ree  of  adoration,  and  as  a  real  Chris- 
tian constiintly  hoped  for  a  better  life,  there  trusting  to  know  the 
real  cause  of  those  elTects  Mhich  here  struck  him  with  wonder,  but 
not  with  doubt." — DuNCOsiEE. 

"My  friend,  the  late  P^arl  of  Cork,  had  a  great  desire  to  main- 
tain the  literary  charactL-r  of  his  family :  he  was  a  genteel  man. 
but  did  not  keep  up  the  dipinity  of  his  rank.  He  was  so  generally 
civil,  that  nobody  thanked  him  iov  it.  .  .  .  If  he  had  been  rich,  he 
would  have  been  a  very  liberal  patron.  His  conversation  was 
like  his  writings,  neat  and  eleirant.  but  without  streni^th.  He 
grasped  at  more  than  his  abilities  could  reach :  tried  to  pass  for  a 
better  talker,  a  better  writer,  aud  a  better  thinker  than  he  was." 
— Db.  Johnsox. 

Boyle,  Miss  3Iary  Lonisa.  Bridal  of  Melcha,  p. 
8vo.  State  Prisoner,  3  vols.  p.  8vo.  The  Forester;  a 
Tale  of  1688,  3  vols.  p.  8vo, 

"  Interesting,  skilfully  wrought,  and  abounding  in  passages  of 
great  beauty.  .  .  .  Far  superior  to  the  ordinary  run  of  novels." — 
Scotsman. 

Boyle,  Richard,  the  "Great  Earl  of  Cork,"  1566- 
1644,  a  native  of  Canterbury,  educated  at  Bene't,  or  Cor- 
pus Christi.  College.  Cambridge,  belongs  to  political  rather 
than  to  literary  history.  We  may,  however,  claim  him  as 
an  author  from  his  True  Remembrances  of  his  Life.  pub. 
in  Br.  Birch's  Life  of  the  Hon.  Mr.  [Robert]  Boyle,  Lon., 
1744,  Svo.  The  literary  character  of  this  family  is  evinced 
by  the  fact  that  we  record  in  our  list  of  authors  the  fol- 
lowing descendants  of  the  Great  Earl  of  Cork  :  Roger, 
5th  son;  Robert,  7th  son;  Charles,  a  grandson;  John,  a 
great-grandson  ;  and  Hamilton,  a  great-great-grandson. 

Boyle,  Hon,  Robert,  1627-1691.  seventh  son  and 
fourteenth  child  of  the  "  Great  Earl  of  Cork,"  was  born 
at  his  father's  seat,  Lismore  Castle,  in  the  province  of 
Munster,  Ireland,  January  25.  AVhen  little  more  than 
eight  years  of  age  he  was  removed  to  Eton  School,  where 
he  remained  for  four  years.  In  1638  he  W!is  sent  to  Ge- 
neva to  continue  his  studies,  and  here  he  devoted  himself 
with  great  assiduity  to  Natural  Philosophy,  the  French 
language,  ifec.  In  1644  he  returned  to  England,  and  for 
four  months  resided  with  his  sister,  Lady  Ranelagh. 
From  March,  1646,  to  May,  1650,  he  was  occupied  at  his 
estate  of  Stalbridge  in  an  extensive  course  of  experiments 
in  Natural  Philosophy,  paying  especial  regard  to  Chemis- 
try. He  visited  Ireland  in  1652.  and  on  bis  return  in 
1654  put  in  execution  a  project  which  ho  had  long  che- 
rished of  settling  at  Oxford,  where  were  many  of  his 
learnc'l  friends,  viz.  :  Wilkins,  Wallis.  Ward,  Willis.  Wren, 
Bathurst,  and  others.  Ho  resided  principally  at  Oxford 
until  April,  1668,  when  he  settled  in  London  at  his  sister, 
Lady  Ranelagh 's,  in  Pall  Mall.  The  affectionate  rela- 
tives never  separated  again  until  the  death  of  the  Vis- 
countess Ranelagh,  in  December.  1691;  her  illustrious 
brother  survived  her  only  a  week,  and  they  were  buried 
by  each  other  in  the  church  of  St.  Martin-in-the-Fields. 
Mr.  Boyle  was  never  married.  To  a  man  of  the  character 
of  Robert  Boyle  death  brought  no  terrors:  the  great  phi- 
losopher had  long  before  learned  to  "  become  a  little 
child,"  and  reposed  with  unfeigned  humility,  yet  confiding 
hope,  in  the  promises  of  Him  who  is  "  the  Resurrection 
and  the  Life."  Earthly  honours  he  had  never  courted. 
Of  fifteen  children  of  the  *'  Great  Earl  of  Cork,"  the  phi- 
losopher was  the  only  one  who  never  obtained  a  title. 
Four  of  his  brothers  were  peers,  and  a  peerage  was  often 
urged  upon  the  subject  of  our  memoir,  and  as  often  re- 
fused. At  the  early  age  of  14  he  became  duly  impressed 
with  the  supreme  importance  of  religious  truth;  and  feel- 
ing that  if  religion  was  any  tiling,  it  was  every  thing,  he 
ever  lived  "  as  in  his  great  Taskmaster's  eve/'  He  had  that 
232 


active  zeal  in  his  Saviour's  cause,  which  puts  to  shame 
the 'coldness  and  spiritual  apathy  of  the  great  majority  of 
"those  who  profess  and  call  themselves  Christians."  So 
great  was  his  reverence  for  the  Supreme  Being,  that  he 
never  mentioned  the  name  of  God  without  making  a  de- 
cided pause  in  the  conversation:  Sir  Peter  Pett,  who  knew 
him  for  nearly  40  years,  declared  himself  unable  to  recol- 
lect an  instance  to  the  contrary.  He  wrote  a  number  of 
religious  works,  printed  at  his  own  expense  the  Church 
Catechism  and  New  Testament  in  Irish,  and  500  copies  of 
the  Four  Gospels  aud  the  Acts  of  the  Apostles  in  the 
Malay  Language,  published  Pocock's  Arabic  Translation 
of  Grotius's  i>e  Veritnfe  for  circulation  in  the  Levant, 
and  contributed  largely  to  the  Society  for  Propagating  the 
Gospel  in  New  England.  When  we  add  to  these  proofs 
of  zeal  the  establi,shment  of  the  Boyle  Lecture,  "  designed 
to  prove  the  truth  of  the  Christian  Religion  among  Infi- 
dels," we  have  given  sufficient  evidence  of  the  existence 
of  a  faith  proved  by  works  of  the  most  beneficent  cha- 
racter. 

Whilst  at  Stalbridge,  1646-50,  Boyle  was  one  of  a  so- 
ciety of  learned  men,  termed  by  him,  The  Invisible  Col- 
lege; this  was  the  germ  of  The  Royal  Society,  which  waa 
incorporated  in  1663.  In  1680  Boyle  was  elected  to  the 
Presidency,  but  declined  the  honour.  His  publications 
were  very  numerous.  His  New  Experiments,  physico-me- 
chanical,  touching  the  spring  of  the  Air  and  its  effects, 
were  pub.,  Oxford,  1660,  8vo.     In  a  second  edit.,  pub,  in 

1662,  he  answered  the  objections  of  Linus  and  Hobbes, 
A  3d  edit,  appeared  in  1682.  Seraphic  Love,  1660,  Svo; 
finished  in  1648:  this  has  been  translated  into  Latin. 
Certain  Physiological  Essays  and  other  tracts,  1661,  4to; 
with  additions,  1669,  4to.  Skeptical  Chemist,  1662,  Svo; 
again,  1679,  Svo.  Cnnsidenations  touching  the  Usefulness 
of  Experimental  Natural  Philosophy,  1663,  4to;    again, 

1664.  Experiments    and    Considerations    upon    Colours, 

1663,  Svo.  Traus.  into  Latin.  Considerations  upon  the 
Style  uf  the  Holy  Scriptures.  1663,  Svo;  trans,  into  Latin, 
Oxf.,  1665.     Occasional  Reflections  upon  several  subjects, 

1665,  Svo;  1*669,  Svo.  New  Experiments  and  Observa- 
tions upon  Cold,  1665,  Svo;  1683,  4to.  Hydrostatical 
Paradoxes,  Ac,  1666.  Svo;  in  Latin,  Oxf.,  1669,  12mo. 
Among  his  other  publications  (.^ee  list  in  Bibl.  Brit.)  were, 
A  Continuation  of  the  Experiments  on  Air.  A  Discourse 
of  Absolute  Rest  in  Boflie.^'.  An  Invention  to  Estimate 
the  Weight  of  Water.  A  Discourse  of  Things  above  Rea- 
son. A  F'ree  Inquiry  into  the  Vulgarly  received  Notion 
of  Nature.  A  Free  Discourse  against  Customary  Swear- 
ing. Considerations  about  the  Recuncilableness  of  Reason 
and  Religion.  On  the  high  Veneration  Man's  Intellect 
owes  to  God,  peculiarly  for  his  Wisdom  aud  Power.  Dr. 
Birch  pub.  a  collection  of  his  works,  in  5  vols,  fob,  Lon., 
1744.  Another  edition  was  pub.,  Lon.,  1772,  6  vols.  4to. 
Philosophical  Works  abridged,  Lon.,  1725,  3  vols.  4to. 
An  incomplete  edition  of  his  works  was  pub.  in  Latin  at 
Geneva  in  1676,  4to.  Opera  varia,  Genev.,  1680,  4to; 
again  in  1704.  Theological  Works  epitomized  by  Richard 
Boulton,  Lon.,  1699,  4  vols.  8vo;  1715,  3  vols.  Svo.  The 
Sermons  delivered  at  the  Boyle  Lecture,  1691-1732,  with 

'  the  additions  and  amendments  of  the  several  authors,  were 
pub.,  Lon.,  1739,  3  vols,  fob;  an  abridgment  of  the  Ser- 
mons preached  at  the  Boyle  Lecture  in  4  vols.  Svo,  by 
Rev.  Gilbert  Burnet,  Lon.,  1737.  Consult  Booksellers' 
catalogues  for  a  list  of  those  printed  separately:  and  see 
Nichols's  Literary  Anecdotes,  vol.  vi.,  for  the  names  of  the 
jneacbers  to  1810,  aud  a  list  to  1846-47  in  Darling's  Cjc. 
Bibliographica. 

"If  all  other  defences  of  religion  were  lost,  there  is  solid  rea- 
soning enough  in  these  volumes  to  remove  the  scruples  of  most 
unbelievers." — Ilisnop  Watson. 

"For  much  important  matter  on  the  province  of  reason  in  judg- 
ing of  revelation,  I  would  earnestly  recommend  the  theological 
writings  of  the  Hon.  Mr.  Boyle.     No  man  had  more  thoroughly 

!  considered  the  extent  and  limits  of  the  human  understanding; 

'  none,  perhaps,  ever  combined  more  perfectly  the  characters  of  the 

I  philosopher  and  the  theologian." — Bishop  Vax  Mildert. 

We  should  not  omit  to  mention  that  Lord  Clarendon 
urged  Mr.  Boyle  to  enter  into  holy  orders,  but  remember- 
ing that  "  no  man  taketh  this  honour  unto  himself,"  and 
not  feeling  "  inwardly  moved"  to  assume  "  this  Oflice  and 
Ministration,"  he  remained  in  the  ranks  of  the  hiity.  Yet 
religion  was  ever  with  him  the  '*  primum  mobile:"  thus 
honouring  God,  God  forgot  not  his  promise,  and  highly 
exalted  hi.s  servant;  for  to  liim  was  given,  in  a  larger  mea- 
sure than  often  pertaineth  to  the  sons  of  men,  understand- 
ing, and  wisdom,  and  durable  riches.  His  tried  friend, 
Bishop  Burnet,  chose  most  appropriately  as  the  text  for 
,  his  funeral  discourse,  '*  Fur  God  giveth  to  a  man  that  is 


BOY 


BOY 


good  in  his  slj^ht,  wisdom,  knowledge,  and  joy."  (Eccles. 
xi.  26.)     It  has  been  truly  said  that 

'■The  works  of  Boyle  discover  the  solid  learning  and  great 
aruUmess  of  the  philosopher,  blended  with  all  that  veneration  for 
God.  and  love  to  His  revealed  will,  which  so  eminently  charactei^ 
^ed  him  as  a  Christian." 

The  value  of  his  contributions  to  the  cause  of  science, 
to  the  province  of  Natural  Philosophy  especially,  cannot 
be  too  highly  esteemed.  More  than  two-thirds  of  his 
works  are  comjiosed  of  the  results  of  his  investigations 
in  Pneumatics,  Chemistry,  Medicine,  and  kindred  sub- 
jects. The  philosophers  of  the  'day  and  of  succeeding 
times  acknowledge  their  obligatiuns  to  Boyle  in  the 
strongest  terms.  What  a  splendid  eulogy  is  that  of  the 
great  Boerhaave ! 

'•  Mr.  Boyle,  the  ornament  of  his  age  and  country,  succeeded  to 
the  Keiiiusand  enquiries  of  the  trreat  Chancellor  Verulam.  Which 
of  all  Mr.  Boyle"s  writings  shall  I  recommend?  All  of  them!  To 
him  we  owe  the  secrets  of  fire,  air,  water,  animals,  veiietables, 
fossils  :  so  that  from  his  works  may  be  deduced  the  whole  system 
of  natural  knowledge." 

It  has  been  remarked  with  reference  to  the  fact  that 
Boyle  was  born  in  the  same  year  in  which  Bacon  died : 
"Sol  occubuit;  nox  nulla  secuta  est." 

"  For  the  history  of  nature,  ancient  and  modern,  of  the  produc- 
tions of  all  countries,  of  the  virtues  and  improvements  of  plants, 
of  ores,  and  minerals,  and  all  the  varieties  that  are  in  them  in 
different  climates,  he  was  by  much,  by  very  much,  the  readiest 
and  perfectest  I  ever  knew,  in  the  greatest  compass,  and  with  the 
nicest  exactness."' — Bishop  Bubxet, 

See  Sir  Isaac  Newton's  letter  to  Oldenberg,  respecting 
some  of  Boyle's  experiments,  communicated  to  the  Boyal 
Society,  pub.  in  Phil.  Trans.,  1675. 

"  As  a  philosopher  he  conferred  advantages  on  Science  which 
place  him  in  the  same  rank  with  Bacon  and  Newton.  When  he 
began  his  experiments,  the  inquiiies  to  which  he  devoted  biuiself 
had  scarcely  carried  the  students  of  nature  to  the  thresh'ild  of  her 
sanctuary.  The  most  unwarranted  suppositions  were  allowed  to 
hold  the  place  of  facts,  and  reasoning  was  canied  on  with  but  rare 
appeals  to  any  but  a  mere  empirica,l  experience.  Aristotle  had 
still  his  ardent  admirers  on  the  one  side,  and  on  the  other.  Des- 
cai'tes  was  dazzliug,  as  well  as  aweii»g,  the  minds  of  men  into  the 
belief  that  Nature  had  unveiled  herself  to  his  bold  and  subtle 
gaze." — Cunninghams  Biog.  History. 

But  Boyle  and  his  associates  inherited  the  inductive 
system  which  Bacon  had  left  as  a  legacy  to  the  world,  and 
to  what  a  noble  end  did  they  apply  their  patrimony  ! 

*'  To  Boyle  the  world  is  indebted,  besides  some  very  acute  re- 
marks ami  many  tine  illustrations  of  his  own  upon  metaphysical 
questions  of  the  highest  moment,  for  the  philosophical  arguments 
in  defence  of  religion,  which  have  added  so  much  lustre  to  the 
names  of  Derham  and  Beutley ;  and,  £ir  above  both,  to  that  of 
Clarke.  ...  I  do  not  recollect  to  have  seen  it  anywhere  noticed, 
that  some  of  the  most  striking  and  beautiful  instances  of  design 
in  the  order  of  the  material  world,  which  occur  ia  the  sermons 
preached  at  Boyle's  Lecture,  are  borrowed  fi-om  the  works  of  the 
founder.''— i)ii/7«?d  Siavart.  Diss.  1st.  Enci/d.  Brit.  See  Bird's  Life 
of  Boyle;  Biog.  Brit.:  Thomsons  llist.  of  Royal  Society. 

Boyle,  Captain  Robert.  Voyages  and  Adventures 
in  several  Parts  of  the  World,  Lon.,  1728,  Svo.  This  fic- 
titious narrative,  written  by  Benj.  Victor,  (q.  v.,)  has  been 
frequently  reprinted. 

Boyle,  Roger,  1621-1679.  Bamn  Broghill.  Earl  of 
Orrery,  and  Hfih  son  of  the  "  Great  Earl  nf  Cork."  was  a 
native  of  Ireland,  and  educated  at  the  College  of  Dublin. 
The  Irish  Colours  Displayed.  Lon.,  1622.  4to.  Answer  to 
a  Letter  of  Peter  Walsh's,  1662.  4to.  Poem  on  the  Death 
of  Cowley,  1657.  fol.  Hist,  of  Henry  V. ;  a  Tragedy.  1688, 
fol.  Mustapha;  a  Trag..  1667.  fol.  The  Black  Prince;  a 
Trag..  1672,  fol.  Triph.m ;  a  Trag..  1672,  fol.  These  four 
plays  were  collected  and  pub.  in  1690,  and  compose  the 
1st  vol.  of  the  earl's  dramatic  works.  Parthenissa,  a  Ro- 
mance, 3  vols.  4to,  1665.  A  Dream.  Treatise  upon  the 
Art  of  War,  1677,  fol. 

'■  Commended  by  many  expert  captains  for  the  test  piece  extant 
in  English." — Antuony  Wood. 

Poems  on  the  Fasts  and  the  Festivals  of  the  Church. 
His  Posthum.  works  are,  Mr.  Anthony  ;  a  Comedy,  1692. 
Guzman  ;  a  Comedy,  1692.  Herod  the  Great;  a  Tragedy, 
169.3.  Altemira;  a  Tragedy,  produced  1702.  State  Let- 
ters, pub.  1742.  fol. 

'•  Vie)!  worthy  the  notice  of  the  reader." — Granger. 

'■  A  man  who  never  made  a  bad  figure  but  as  an  author 

The  sensible  author  of  a  vei-y  curious  life  of  this  lord,  in  the  Bio- 
praphia.  seems  to  be  as  bad  a  judge  of  poetry  as  his  lordship,  nr 
Cicero,  when  he  says  that  his  writings  are  never  '  flat  and  tilvial.' 
\Vhatdoes  he  think  of  a  hundred  such  lines  as  these? 
"  '  When  to  the  wars  of  Aquitaine  I  went, 
I  HKide  a  friendship  with  the  Karl  of  Kent.' 

The  Blade  Prince,  act  v. 
"  One  might  as  well  find  the  sublime,  or  the  modest,  or  the  har- 
monious, in  this  line : 

"  '  0  fortunatam  natani  me  consule  Rom.am !  * " 

Horace  W_u-Pole:  R.  d- N.  AiUfu/rs. 
Hia  treatment  of  his  domestics  and  dependants  com- 


mends  itself  to   all    who    would   discharge   a  necessary 
duty. 

"He  frequently  observed  that  the  meanest  of  them  had  a  soul 
to  be  saved  as  well  as  himself:  an<I  therefore  he  not  only  obliged 
his  chaplain  to  have  a  due  attention  to  their  spiritual  concerns, 
but  frequently  inspected  the  discharge  of  his  duty  in  this  particu- 
lar."—  Biog.  Brit. 

Boyle,  W.  R.  Treatise  on  the  Law  of  Charities, 
Lon.,  Svo. 

Boylston,  Zabdiel,  M.D.,  1680-1766,  a  native  of 
Brookshire.  Massachusetts,  first  introduced  inoculation  for 
the  smallpox  into  America.  He  pub.  two  works  upon 
this  subject.  1721—30,  (Lon..  1726.)  and  some  communica- 
tions in  the  Philosophical  Transactions. 

Boyne,  J,     Letter  to  R.  B.  Sheridan,  M.P..  1792,  Svo. 

Boyne,  L,  S.  Cursory  Remarks  on  the  Physical  and 
Moral  History  of  the  Human  Species.  1815.  Svo. 

Boys,  Mrs.  The  Coalition,  or  Family  Anecdotes;  a 
Novel,  17S5,  2  vols.  I2mo. 

Boys,  Edward.  Sermon.«,  edit. by  R.Flynt,  1672, 4to. 

Boys,  Henry.     Con.  to  Trans.  Linn,  Soc,  ISUO. 

Boys,  Henry.     Sermons,  Lon.,  1841. 

Boys,  James.  Prac.  Expos,  on  the  39  Articles,  &c., 
1716,  fol. 

Boys,  or  Bois,  John,  1560-16J3,  Prebendary  of  Ely 
Cathedral,  trans,  the  Apocrypha.  Ac.  in  the  K.  James's 
version  of  the  Holy  Scriptures.  He  left  many  MSS.,  but 
pub.  only  Veteris  luterpretis  cum  Beza  aliisqne  recentiori- 
bus  Coliatio,  etc.,  1655.  Svo. 

'•  Many  of  his  strictures  on  Bexa  are  correct,  and  his  defences  of 
the  Latin  Tulgate  often  ingenious  and  important." — Orme. 

See  a  curious  life  of  Buis,  by  himself,  in  Peck's  Deside- 
rata. He  assisted  Sii-  Henry  Saville  in  his  edit,  of  St. 
Chrysostom. 

Boys,  John,  1571-1625,  Dean  of  Canterbury.  Expo- 
siti'Uis  upon  the  Festivals,  Epistles,  and  Gospels  in  the 
English  Liturgy,  Lon..  1614,  4to.  New  edit..  Phila.,  1849, 
Svo.  Workes,  1622-29,  fol.  His  Remains,  viz. :  Certaine 
Sermons,  1631,  4to. 

"  Ilis  style  partakes  of  the  quaintness  of  the  age,  but  upon  the 
whole  we  think  him  less  blamable  on  this  score  than  some  of  his 
contemporaries.'' 

Boys,  John,  ^neas,  his  Descent  into  Hell,  Lon., 
1661.  4t<..     Libl.  Anglo- Poet.  £3  :u.,  contains  pp.  248. 

Boys,  John.  Agriculture  of  Kent.,  Lon.,  1796,  Svo. 
"General  opinion  has  ever  given  it  the  palm  of  county  reports 
of  agriculture,  for  soundness  of  judgment  and  enlightened  practi- 
cal views."' — Donakhnn's  Jgricidt.  Biog. 

Boys,  John,  M.D.  Letter  on  Midwifery,  Lon.,  1807. Svo. 

Boys,  Thomas,  of  Trinity  College,  Cambridge. 
Tactica  Sacra:  an  Attempt  to  develope  and  to  exhibit  to 
the  Eye,  by  tabular  Arrangement,  a  general  Rule  of  Com- 
position prevailing  in  the  Holy  Scriptures,  Lon.,  1825,  r.4to. 

'■  An  ingenious  attempt  to  extend  to  the  epistolary  writings  of 
the  N.  Testament  the  principles  of  composition  so  ably  illustrated 
by  IJishop  Jebb."— T.  H.  IIorne. 

See  Brit.  Review,  xxii.  176.  Key  to  the  Book  of  Psalms, 
Lon.,  1S25,  8vo. 

"  An  ingenious  application  of  Bishop  Jebb's  system  of  Poetical 
Parallelism  to  the  interpretation  of  the  Book  of  I'salms." — T.  11. 

HORNE. 

"  The  subject  of  parallelism  is  important." — Biceersteth. 

New  Testament,  with  a  Plain  Exposition  for  the  Use  of 
Families,  Lon.,  1827,  s.  4to. 

"Por  perspicuity  of  expression,  and  power  of  application,  it  will 
often  bear  comparison  with  the  best.'' — Girdlestone. 

"Original,  practical. and  evangelical.  .  .  .  AVell  adapted  for  fa- 
mily improvement." — Bickeesteth. 

Scrms.,  Svo.  Suppressed  Evidence  on  Miracles,  1832,  8to. 
Tributes  to  the  Dead.  12mo.  Word  for  the  Church,  Ac,  12rao. 

Boys,  T.  S.  Sketches  of  London,  fol.,  £4  4s.  Co- 
loured, £10  lOs.  Picturesque  Architecture  of  Paris, 
Ghent,  Antwerp,  Rouen,  <fcc.,  29  drawings  in  oil,  fol.,  £4  4a.; 
imp.  fol.,  £6  6s. 

"■  Our  recommendation  of  it  to  all  who  love  and  can  appreciate 
art  cannot  be  given  in  terms  too  strong;  it  is  worthy  of  the  high- 
est possible  praise.  The  work  is  of  exceeding  beauty." — Lon.  AH 
Union. 

'■A  superb  volume." — Lomlon  Spectator. 

Boys,  William,  1735-1803,  an  eminent  surgeon  and 
antiquary,  was  a  native  of  Kent.  His  principal  work  is 
Collections  for  the  History  of  Sandwich  j  3  parts,  4to, 
Lon.,  1786,  '88,  '92. 

*'  An  elaborate  and  valuable  work." 

He  contributed  to  Duucorabe's  History  of  Reculver  and 
Heme,  17S3,  and  pub.  Observations  on  the  Kits-Coity 
House,  in  Kent,  in  Arcbaiol.  vol.  xi.  Testacea  Minuta 
Rariura.  by  Boys.  Walker,  and  Jacob,  was  pub.  in  17S4,  4to. 

Boyse,  John.  Vindication  of  A.  Osborne,  Lon.,  1690, 
4to.  Sacramental  Hymns,  1693,  12mo.  Passages  rel.  to 
E.  French,  1693,  Svo. 


BOY 


BRA 


Boyse,  John.     The  Praise  of  Peace,  Lon.,  1742,  8vo. 

Boyse,  Joseph,  11)60-1728,  a  native  of  Yorkishire, 
joint-pastor  with  Dr.  D.  Williams,  and  afterwards  with 
Rev.  Thos.  Emlvn,  in  Bublin.  Theolog.  Works,  1691- 
1724;  collected,  Lon.,  172S,  2  vols.  fol.  One  of  his  ser- 
mons— on  the  Office  of  a  Christian  Bishop — was  ordered 
to  be  burned  by  the  Irish  Parliament,  in  Nov.  1711. 

"Boyse  has  been  called  the  di,spentiug  Scott,  but  much  more 
polite.  Ilis  language  is  plain,  auimated,  ixnd  nervous;  bis  matter 
19  excellently  digested." — Doddridge. 

*  Boyse,  Samuel,  1708-1749,  only  son  of  the  preceding. 
Poems,  17;U.  Albion's  Triumph,  1742  :  anon.  The  Deity; 
a  Poem,  1740  ;  3d  edit.,  1752.  Boyse  was  involved  in  great 
distress  in  consequence  of  his  idleness  and  improvidence. 
He  was  one  of  the  early  associates  of  Dr.  Johnson. 

"  Pope  acknowledged  that  there  were  lines  in  hia  Deity  which 
he  should  not  have  been  ashamed  to  have  written." 

"A  beautiful  aud  instructive  poem." — IIervey:  Meditations. 

Boyse,  Samuel.     See  Bovce. 

Boystou, — ,  M.D.,  of  New  England,  prolyibly  Boyls- 
TON.  Z..  ('/.  r.)  Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1724.  Account  of 
Ambergris  found  in  Whales. 

Bozmau,  Johu  Leeds,  1757-1823,  a  poet,  his- 
torian, and  eminent  lawyer;  liorn  at  Oxford,  Talbot  co.. 
Eastern  Shore  of  Maryland,  aud  educated  at  the  Univ.  of 
Peuna.  1.  Observations  on  the  Statute  of  Jac.  I.  ch.  16, 
in  relation  to  Estates  Tail.  2.  A  New  Arrangement  of  the 
Courts  of  Justice  of  the  State  of  Maryland,  1802.  3.  His- 
tory of  Maryland  from  1633-60,  [introduction  of  which 
was  pub.  1811,  and  the  complete  work  in  1837,]  Baltimore, 
2  vols.  8vo.  4.  Essay  on  the  Colonization  Society,  Wash- 
ington, 1822.  He  was  a  constant  contribntor  of  prose  and 
verse  to  Dennie's  Port-Folio  aud  other  journalfi  of  tho  day. 

Bozuii,  or  Bosen,  au  Anglo-Norman  pnut,  wrote  nine 
short  metrical  lives  of  Englif^h  saints,  preserved  in  a  MS. 
of  the  British  Museum;  MSS.  Cotton.,  Domit.,  A.  XL, 
and  perhaps  a  short  piece  in  the  preface  of  same  volume. 
See  Wright's  Biog.  Brit.  Lit. 

Brabourne,  Theoph,  Treatises  on  the  Sabbath, 
Lon..  1628-60.  &c. 

Brace,  Rev.  Charles  Loriug,  b.  1826, at  Litchfield, 
Connecticut.     1.   Hungary  in  ISol,  12mo. 

"There  is  probably  not  a  work  within  the  reach  of  the  English 
scholar  that  can  afford  him  such  a  satisfactory  view  of  Hungary, 
as  it  now  is,  as  this  work  of  Mr.  Brace." — Christian  Intelligencer. 

2.  Home  Life  in  Glermany,  N.  York.  1853. 

*'  A  candid,  earnest  volume  by  an  accurate  and  true-hearted  ob- 
Bervcr,  it  will  hold  an  unique  position.  AVc  are  sure  this  volume 
will  have  a  wide  circulation.'' — George  Rivley. 

3.  Norscfolk :  Travels  in  Norway  and  Sweden,  N,  York. 
1857,  12mo. 

Brace,  John  P.,  b.  1798,  at  Litchfield,  Connecticut; 
grad.  Wm.  Colloge,  1812.  Lecture  to  Young  Converts. 
Tales  of  the  Dtvils.     Fawn  of  the  Pale-Faces,  &c. 

Brace,  Jouathau,  b.  1810,  in  Conn.;  grad.  Amherst 
Coll.,  1831.  Scripture  Portraits,  N.Y.,  1854,  12mo.  Ser- 
mons,    ('nntrib.  Biblical  Repository,  Ac. 

Brackeu,Etlw.  Subordination  enforced;  aSerm.,  1794. 

Bracken,  Heury,  M.D.  Works  on  Farriery,  Lou., 
1738-51.  Weston  ascribes  to  him  The  Gentleman's  and 
Farmer's  Guide,  8vo. 

Brackeubury,  Edward.  Expos,  on  Isaiah,  Lon., 
1802.  8vo.    Fifty-Three  Discourses,  Lon.,  ISOfi,  2  vols.  8vo. 

*"Tlie  plan  is  fxi'^'d  and  tlie  execution  sensible.' — Btntish  Critic. 

Brackeubury,  Joseph.  Natalc Solum, *fcc.,  1810, 8vo. 

BracKenridge,  Ileury  M.,  b.  1786,  at  Pittsburg, 
son  of  11.  H.  Brackenridge,  {jiost.)  1.  Views  of  Louisiana, 
&c.  iu  1810,  Pittsburg,  1812,  8vo. 

'•  To  this  work  we  are  indebted  for  much  various  and  useful  in- 
formation."—£</i».  Bev.,  1S19. 

2.  Letter  to  Mr.  Monroe,  President  of  U.  States;  by  an 
American,  pp.  100.  3.  Voyage  to  South  America  in  1817- 
18,  Lon..  1820,  2  vols.  8vo. 

"  An  extraordinary  mass  of  information,  replete  with  philosophic 
views."' — Baron  Humboldt. 

4.  History  of  Late  War  between  U.  S.  and  G.  Britain, 
12mo.  5.  Recollections  of  Persons  and  Places  in  the 
West:  vol.  i,,  1834;  vol.  li.  in  MS.  6.  Essay  on  Trusts 
and  Trustees,  Washington,  1842,  8vo.  7.  History  of  the 
Western  Insurrection,  MS. 

Brackenridj^e,  Hugh  Henry,  b.  1748,  in  Scotland. 
d.  181  0,  Judge  of  the  SujtrL'mL-  (.'nurt ol'  Pennsylvania,  grad. 
at  Princeton  College,  1771.  The  Rising  Glory  of  America; 
a  Poem,  1774.  Eulogium  of  the  Brave  Men  who  fell  in 
the  Contest  with  Great  Britain,  1779.  Modern  Chivalry: 
The  Adventures  of  Captain  Farrago.  1792;  2d  ed.,  1808, 
2  vols.  Incidents  of  the  Insurrectiim  iu  1794  in  Peunsyl- 
vania,  1795.     Law  Miscellanies,  1814. 

"  These  Miscellanies  are  worthy  of  a  careful  perusal." — Aiiifton''s 
Blk.,  30. 

234 


Brackenridge,  William.     17  Sermons,  17G4,  8vo. 

liracounet,  Henry,  Chemical  Con.  to  Nic.  Jour. 
<fcc.,  1807-17. 

Bracton,  Henry  de,  an  eminent  English  lawyer  of 
the  13th  century,  is  stated  by  Sir  William  Pole  and  Prince 
{vide  Worthies  of  Devon)  to  have  been  anative  of  Devon- 
shire. He  ni'pears  to  have  studied  at  Oxford,  where  he 
took  the  degree  of  LL.D.  In  ancient  records  his  name  is 
written  in  various  ways;  as  Bracton,  Bratton,  Breton, 
Bretton,  Briton,  Britton,  and  Brycton  :  but  Bp.  Nicol?on, 
who  adduces  tliese  names,  confounds  Bracton  with  John 
Breton.  In  1244  King  Henry  III.  made  him  one  of  the 
judges  itinerant.  His  learned  work,  De  Legibus  ct  Con- 
suetudinibus,  was  first  printed  iu  1569,  folio.  In  1G40  it 
was  printed  in  4to,  after  an  examination  of  many  MSS. 
It  has,  however,  been  alleged  that  some  of  the  most  cor- 
rect MSS.  were  overlooked.  One  of  the  best  MSS.  of  his 
valuable  works  was  burnt  Oct.  23,  1731,  by  a  fire  which 
seriously  damaged  the  Cotton  Library  at  Ashburnham 
House.  It  is  divided  into  five  books,  and  these  into  tracts 
and  chapters. 

'•  Consistently  with  the  extensiveness  and  regularity  of  the  plan, 
the  several  parts  of  it  are  filkd  with  a  curious  and  accurate  detail 
of  legal  learuinj;;  so  that  the  reader  never  tails  of  derivimr  in- 
struction or  amusement  from  the  study  of  this  scientilic  treatise 
on  our  ancient  laws  and  customs.  It  is  written  in  a  style  much 
beyond  the  generality  of  the  writers  of  the  age;  being,  though 
not  always  polished,  yet  sufficiently  clear,  expi-t?s5ive,  and  nervous. 
The  excellence  of  Brarton's  style  must  be  attributed  to  his  ac- 
quaintance with  the  writings  of  the  Roman  lawyers  and  canonists, 
from  whom  likewise  he  adopted  greater  helps  than  the  language 
in  which  he  wrote.  Many  of  those  pithy  sentences  which  have 
been  handed  down  from  him  as  rules  and"  maxims  of  our  law.  are 
to  be  found  in  the  volumes  of  the  imperial  and  pontifical  juris- 
prudence. .  .  .  The  value  set  on  this  work  soon  after  its  publica- 
tion is  evinced  by  the  treatises  of  Britton  and  Fleta.  which  are 
nothing  mon-  than  ai^p^-nda-^es  to  Br.acton.  The  latter  was  in- 
tended ;is  an  .  pitunir  ot  that  author;  and  the  most  of  the  former 
is  coiifmrd  t(i  ilir  MiiL'l..-  oftiiT  uf  supplying  some  few  articles  that 
had  been  touihud  lightly  by  him,  with  the  addition  of  the  statutes 
made  since  he  wrote.  In  ^fter  times  he  continued  the  great  trea- 
sure of  our  ancient  jurispru<^uce.  Thus  was  Bracton  deservedly 
looked  up  to  as  the  first  source  of  legal  knowledge,  even  .so  low 
down  as  th^-  days  of  Lord  Coke,  who  seems  to  have  made  the  au- 
thor his  guide  in  all  inquiries  into  the  foundation  of  our  law." 

Our  legal  readers  are  aware  of  the  fact  that  M.  Houard, 
the  Norman  advocate,  when  he  prepared  nn  edition  of 
Glanville,  Fleta,  aud  Britton,  refu.«cd  to  admit  Bracton  to 
such  good  company,  on  the  ground  that  his  writings  had 
corrupted  tlie  law  of  England!  This  is  like  turning  an 
aged  and  virtuous  Pater  ftnnilias  out  of  doors  on  the 
charge  of  disgracing  his  offspring!  For  an  answer  to  M. 
Houard's  assertions,  we  need  only  point  to  his  edition  of 
Littleton — Aiicionus  Loir  ties  Fnnirois.  But  we  must  not 
forget  that  laymen  are  expected  to  *'  occupy  the  place  of 
the  unlearned"  in  such  matters.  Bracton's  great  work  can 
never  be  "ruled  out  of  court"  by  any  ''statute  of  limita- 
tions." To  the  student  of  law,  to  the  antiquary,  and  to 
all  who  feel  pleasure  in  tracing  the  progressive  improve- 
ments of  a  great  science,  its  value  will  ever  be  consider- 
able. 

"  The  law-books  of  Bracton  and  Fleta  were  the  ancient  law  of 
the  land,  extending  to  al!  cases.  These  books  are  so  strong,  th.at 
there  has  been  no  means  of  evading  them  but  bv  denying  their 
authority,  and  calling  them  hooks  of  civil  law.  and  I  never  knew 
them  denied  for  law  except  wbere  some  statute  or  ancient  usagA 
has  altered  them." — Lord  Aland. 

"  There  be  some  ancient  writers  of  the  law,  namely,  Bracton, 
Britton.  and  Olainville,  whom,  as  it  is  not  unprofit.ible'to  read,  so 
to  rely  upon  them  is  dangerous;  for  most  «>f  that  which  thev  do 
give  forth  for  law  is  now  antiquated  and  abolished.  Their  booka 
are  mt'niu)if)it<i  ad'rauil(e  r ubiginis,  yjhXch  be  of  more  reverence 
than  autboiity." — Fut.beck. 

"  Bracton  and  Fnrt*scne  are  the  two  most  learned  of  the  ancient 
LawyiM-R." — ISisFiop  WARiimTnN. 

"The  best  of  judicial  classics.'" — Sm  Wiluam  Jones. 

See  Reeves's  History  of  the  English  Law;  Prince's 
Worthies  of  Devon  ;  Brooke's  Bibl.  Legum,  vol.  ii.;  Biog. 
Brit.;  Bale;  Pits;  Tanner;  Marvin's  Legal  Bibl. 

Bradberry,  David.  Letter  rel.  to  Test  Act,  &c.,  17S9. 
Tetestni:  a  Poem,  1794. 

Bradbury,  John*  Travels  in  the  Interior  of  America 
in  iSDit,  "10.  "11  ;  including  a  Description  of  Upper  Loui- 
siana. Kentucky.  Indiann,  and  Tennessee,  Lon.,  1817,  Svo. 

Bradbury,  Thomas,  1G77-1759,  aDis.senting  minis- 
ter, stationed  iu  London,  was  celebrated  for  his  facetious- 
ness.  He  pub.  a  number  of  theological  works,  1702-52. 
Works,  3  vols.  Svo,  1762;  again,  1772.  He  introducea 
politics  largely  into  his  discourses. 

"His  style  is  copious  aud  sprightly,  and  his  Sermons  discover 
very  extensive  aciiuainfance  with  the  Sacred  Writings." — Waltkb 
Wilson  :  Hintor;/  of  the  Disxerifers. 

'•  His  sernmns  all  deserve  reading.  He  was  au  exc-Ib-nt  textn- 
ary ;  his  manner  of  handling  doctrinal  subjects  is  triUy  strength- 


BRA 


BRA 


enin*;  in  faith,  tending  to  comfort,  and  subserTient  to  practice." — 
In,',  r;.  \\  ii.i,i  vms. 

JJiadbmy,  Win.  B.,  b.  1816,  at  York,  Maine.     Dis- 
tingiu.sJKMl   iMii.siful  AVritcr.     Spent  two  years  in  Europe 
purauiu;^  his  musical  studies,  and  in  collecting  a  large  and 
rare  library  of   Musical  Works.     lie  was  a  pupil  of   the 
celebrated  M.  Hauptnian.  Prof,  of  Harmony,  Ac.  at  Leip- 
6ic.     Young   Choir,   N.  Y.,   ISll.      School   Singer,  1843. 
Flora's  Festival.  ISiS.     Young  Melodist.     Musical  Gems. 
Sabbath  School  Melodies.     Young  Shawm,  1855,  Ac. 
"  The  .above  juvtmile  singing-books  are  very  extensively  used." 
Psalmodist.    Choralist.    Mendelssohn  Collection.    Paal- 
mata,  or  Choir  Melodies.     The  Shawm,  1854,  N.  Y. 
"These  collei'tions  of  Sacred  Music  are  very  popuhn." 
Soci.al  Singing-Book.    Alpine  (rlee-Book.    Mctropiditan 
Glee-Book.     Editor  of  N.  York  Musical  Review,  and  Con- 
trib.  to  various  journ.als. 

Bradhy,  .lames.    Liiw  of  Distres-ses,  Lon.,  180S,  Svo. 
BracIilit'U,  Juliii.     Con.  to  Trans.  Hortic.  Soc,  1817. 
Brailclon,  Lawrence.     Essex's  Innocency  and  Ho- 
nour Vindicated,  Lon.,  1600,  4to.    Other  works,  1614-1725. 
The  Miseries  of  the  Poor  a  National  Sin  and  Shame,1717, Svo. 
Bradforti,  A.  W.     American  Antitiuities,  and  Ilo- 
Boarchcs  into  the  Origin  and  History  of  the  Red  Race,  New 
York,  1843,  imp.  Svo. 

*■  .4n  able  invi'stiiration  of  a  subject  which  has  excited  much  at- 
tention. This  able  work  is  a  very  desir.able  companion  to  those  of 
Stepliens  and  others  on  the  Ruins  of  Central  America." 

Bradford,  Aldcn,  LL.D.,  1765-1843,  a  native  of 
Duxbnry,  Mass.,  pub.  several  works  on  History  and  Bio- 
graphy, the  best-known  of  which  is  A  History  of  Massa- 
chusetts. 

Bradford,  Annie  Chambers,  b.  at  Georgetown,  Ky., 
1S28.  1.  Nelly  Bracken  ;  a  Story  of  South-Western  Life, 
Phila,,  1854.  12mo.     2.  Collection  of  Poems,  1855,  12mo. 

Bradford,  John,  one  of  the  most  eminent  martyrs  in 
the  reign  of  Queen  Mary,  was  burnt  at  Smithflcld  in'l555. 
He  was  born  at  Manchester,  in  the  former  p.art  of  the  reign 
of  Henry  Vlir.,entered  of  Catherine  Hall,  Cambridge,  1548, 
was  ordained  1550,  and  obtained  great  popularity  as  a 
pi-eacher.  He  wrote  many  theological  treatises,  the  most 
of  which  were  pub.  after  his  murder.  An  edit.  pub.  by 
The  Parker  Society,  Camb.,  1848,  was  edited  by  Aubrey 
Townsend,  Bsi].  His  Life,  Writings,  and  Selections  from 
his  Correspondence  will  be  found  in  vol.  vi.  of  the  Fathers 
of  the  English  Church ;  and  see  Jlcmoirs  of  the  Life  and 
Martyrdom  of.  with  letters,  Ac.  by  William  Stevens,  Lon., 
1S32,  Svo.  Writings  in  British  Reformers.  Religious 
Tract  Society,  12mo.  Twenty-two  of  his  letters  will  be 
found  in  Coverdale's  collection,  and  some  of  them  arc  in 
Fox  and  other  Martyrologies. 

-  Bradford's  betters  .are  among  the  most  edifvintr  and  instruc- 
tive remains  of  this  period.  The  sweet  spirit  of  adoption  breathes 
throULrbout." — RlCKEIISTETU. 

Bradford,  John.  Letter  to  the  Erles  of  Arundel, 
Darbio.  Shrewsbury,  and  Pembroke,  decLirig  the  Nature 
of  Siianiardcs,  Ac,  1555,  16mo. 

Bradford,  John.  Letter  to  the  Inhabitants  of  Saf- 
fron Waldon,  isl:;. 

Bradford,  John.     Sermon,  Lon.,  1746,  Svo. 

Bradford,  fSamnel,  D.D.,  1652-1731,  entered  of 
Bcne't  College,  Cambridge,  1672;  Prebendary  of  West- 
minster, 1707;  Bishop  of  Carlisle,  1718;  tr.anslated  to  Ro- 
chester, 1723.  The  Credibility  of  the  Christian  Religion, 
preached  at  Boyle's  Lecture,  Lon.,  1699,  1700,  4to ;  1739, 
fol.  Ho  also  pub.  separately  23  sermons,  1692-1720.  He 
assisted  in  the  i>ub[icatiou  of  Tillotson's  Works. 

Bradford,  Samuel  Dexter,  ol  West  Roxbury,  Mass. 
His  writings,  collected  by  himself,  were  printed  for  private 
circulation.  The  opening  article  was  composed  in  1813 ;  the 
last  contribution  was  written  in  1855.    Bost.,  1858,  pp.  427. 

Bradford,  William,  15SS-1657,  second  governor 
of  Plyinoulh  Colony,  wrote  a  history  of  the  Plymouth 
peoi)lo  and  colony,  1602-47,  left  in  MS,  Bost.,  1856,  Svo. 

'•  Morton's  memorial  is  an  abridgment  of  it.  Prince  and  Hutch- 
inson had  the  use  of  it." 

A  fragment  from  his  MS.  book  of  copies  of  letters  rela- 
tive to  the  affairs  of  the  colony  has  been  pub.  by  the  Maa- 
Bnchusetts  Historical  Society. 

"  To  which  is  sul>ioiued  a  description  and  historical  account  of 
New  England  in  Verse." 

He  also  pub.  some  theological  pieces. 

Bradford,  William.  Sketches  of  Portugal  and 
Spain.  Lon.,  ISOl),  ful. 

Bradford,  William.     Sermon,  Lon.,  1,84.3,  Svo. 

Bradford,  William,  175.5-1795,  Attornoy-general  of 
the  United  Stiites,  was  a  native  of  Philadelphia.  He 
pub.  An  Bu'iuiry  how  far  the  Punishment  of  Death  is  ne- 
cessary in  Pennsylvania,  with  an  Account  of  the  Peniten- 


tiary House  of  Phil.ideli.hia,  by  Caleb  Lownes,  1705,  Svo. 
This  work  was  written  at  the  request  of  Governor  Mifflin. 
Mr.  Bradford  was  in  early  life  a  poetical  contributor  to  the 
Phila,dcl]>hia  inngaziues. 

Bradley.  Present  for  Cajsar  against  Tithes,  Svo. 
Bradley,  C.  Educational  works,  1800-16. 
Bradley,  Charles,  Vicar  of  Glastonbury,  Perp. 
Curate  of  ."^t.  .linnes's,  (_'laphara.  Sermons  preached  in 
the  Parish  Church  of  High  Wycombe,  Lon.,  1819,  Svo. 
Parochial  Sermons,  Lon..  1827,  Svo.  Sermons  preached 
in  St.  James's  Chapel,  Clapham,  Surrey ;  2d  ed.,  Lon., 
1832,  Svo.  Sermons  preached  chiefly  at  the  Celebration 
of  the  Lord's  Supper;  2d  ed.,  Lon.,  1S43,  Svo.  Prac- 
tical Sermons  for  Every  Sunday  and  Principal  Holy  Bay 
in  the  Year;  3d  edit.," Lon..  184S.  2  vols.  Svo.  Some  of 
the  vols,  have  gone  through  many  editions. 

"  Bradley's  style  is  sententious,  pithy,  and  colloquial.  lie  is 
simple,  without  being  quaint,  and  he  almost  holds  conversatiou 
with  his  hearers  without  descending  from  the  dignity  of  the  sa- 
cred iliair," — [,i>n<hn  E':ti:c!ir  7,*cc;,  jo. 

■■  W  r  -no.  si  ly  desire  that  every  pulpit  in  the  kingdom  may  be 
the  ^i  In.  !.■  nl  iliscunrscs  as  .iudiiimis  and  practical,  as  scriptmal 
and  drvoul.  as  tliesc." — Lcndnn  Cliriatinn  Ohsfrvcr. 
'■  Very  able  and  evangelical." — liicKERsTKTif. 
Bra!dley,  Christopher.     Sermon,  1666,  4to. 
Bradley,  F.,  M.D.     Profess,  works,  1815-18. 
Bradley,  Henry.     Rem,arks  on  the  Ancient  Physi- 
cian's Legacy,  Lon.,  1733,  Svo. 

Bradley,  James,  1692-1762,  an  eminent  astronomer 
and  divine,  a  native  of  Shireborn,  in  Gloucestershire,  was 
admitted  a  commoner  of  Baliol  College,  Oxford,  in  1710; 
ordained  deacon  and  priest  in  1719;  chosen  Savilian  Pro- 
fessor of  Astronomy  in  Oxford.  Oct.  31,  1721.  He  pub.  a 
Letter  to  the  Earl  of  Maccleslield  on  the  fixed  stars,  Lon., 
1747,  4to.  Some  of  his  astronomical  papers  were  pub.  in 
Phil.  Trans.,  172.3,  '28,  '57.  He  left  13  folio  and  2  quarto 
vols,  of  observations  made  during  20  years  at  the  lloyal 
Observatory;  from  these  were  pub.  by  the  University  of 
Oxford,  Astronomical  Observations,  Ac,  edited  by  the  llev. 
N.  Bliss,  Oxf.,  179S-1805. 

"  It  is  .said  there  was  not  an  .astronomer  of  any  eminence  in  the 
world,  with  whiini  he  had  not  a  litei'ary  correspondence.'' 
Bradley,  John.     Sermons,  l'700-13,  4to. 
Bradley,  John.     Astronomical  Con.  to  Trans.  Ame- 
ric.  Soc.  i.  los. 

Bradley,  O.  W.,  M.D.  A  Treatise  on  Forensic  Me- 
dicine, or  ^ledical  Jurisprudence,  1815. 

Bradley,  K.  Pr.actiral  Points,  or  Maxims  in  Con- 
veyancing, 3d  edit.,  Lon.,  Svo,  by  J.  Riston. 

"  They  conhiin  some  useful  hints,  but  are  not  all  to  be  depended 
upon." 

Bradley,  Richard,  d.  1732,  Professor  of  Botany  at 
Cambridge,  1724,  was  a  volnmimuis  writer  upon  garden- 
ing and  agriculture,  1716-29,  his  works  forming  two  folio, 
four  quarto,  and  nearly  twenty  Svo  volumes. 

Historia  Plantarum  Succulentarum,  in  Latin  and  Eng- 
lish, 1716-27,  4to,  with  plates. 

"The  tigures  are  exceedingly  well  done  in  the  style  of  the  time. 
It  preserves  its  value,  as  being  cited  by  Linna-'US,  and  as  containing 
some  plants  not  figured  iu  any  other  ]>nblicatiou." — Dr.  Piiltenet. 
APhilosophical  Account  of  the  Works  of  Nature,  1721,4to. 
"This  was  a  popular,  instructive,  and  entertaining  work,  and 
continued  in  repute  sever.al  years." — Nichols's  LiUnirt/  Anecdotes, 
The  same  m.ay  bo  said  of  his  General  Treatise  of  Hus- 
bandry and  Gardening,  2  vols.  Svo,  1726,  and  of  his  Prac- 
tical Discourses  concerning  the  four  Elements  as  they  re- 
late to  the  growth  of   Plants,  Svo,  1727.      Dictionarium 
Botanicum,  2  vols.  Svo,  1728.      Ilr.  Pultoney  thinks  that 
this  was  the  first  attempt  of  the  kind  in  English.     For  a 
list  of  Bradley's  works,  with  comments  thereou,  sec  Ni- 
chols's Literary  Anecdotes,  voL  i.  446;    and  consult  Do- 
naldson's Agricult.  Biog. 

"Though  Bradley's  writings  do  not  abound  in  new  discoveries, 
yet  they  are  not  destitute  of  interesting  knowledge,  collected  from 
coutempoi-ary  gardeners  and  from  books.  lie  was  an  advocate 
for  the  circulation  of  the  sap,  and  made  several  new  oliservalinns 
on  tile  sexes  of  jiiants.  in  consequence  nf  the  production  of  hybrid 
species,  by  wlii  li  he  added  strength  to  that  doctrine." — Dr.  Pal- 
Uyw/s  IlUt.itnd  Biog.  Sketches,  vol.  ii. 

Bradley,  S.     A  Sermon  on  Selfishness,  ISOS. 
Bradley,  Samuel.    Cause  of  the  Innocent,  1664,  4to. 
Bradley,  Stephen  R.,  of  Connecticut,  d.  1830,  aged 
76.      He  pub.  Vermont's  Ajiiteal,  1779,  which   has  been 
sometimes  ascribed  to  Ira  Allen. 

Bradley,  Thomas.     Sermon.s,  1650-70,  4to. 
Bradley,  Thomas,  D.D.     Sermons,  1661-67,  4to. 
Bradley,  Thomas,  M.D.,  d.  1813,  aged  62.     A  New 
Medical  Dictionary,  Lon.,  1803,  I2mo.    Con.  to  Med.  Phys. 
Jour.;  Jlcmoirs  Med.,  Ac.  179.5-1813. 

Bradley,  William  H.,  of  Rbo.le  Isl.and,  d.  1825.  He 
pub.  Giuscppino,  1822,  and  many  fujjitivo  pieces  of  poetry. 


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Bradly,  John.     Elomonts  of  Geofrraphy,  1813. 
Bradiiev,  Joseph.     Art  of  tbc  Apolliecary,  1796, 
8vo.     Biilliun  and  Banks,  1810,  8vo.     Ancient  Layman, 
1812.  Sv.i. 

Brailshaigh,  Thomas.  Sermons,  1715,  '20,  '47. 
IJradshaw.  Treatise  on  Wools.  1754,  8vo. 
Bradshaw,  Henry,  an  early  English  poet,  d.  151.3, 
entered  wiiilst  a  boy  into  the  Benedictine  monastery  of 
St.  Werberg,  in  Chester,  his  native  city.  Ho  studied  at 
Gloucester,  now  Worcester,  College,  in  the  suburbs  of  O.'C- 
ford.  and  after  a  course  of  theology 

"  II.'  returned  to  his  cell  at  St.  Werberg.  and  in  his  elder  years 
wrote  Do  Anliijuitate  &  Maguificentia  Urbia  Cestrin!;  Chrouicon, 
ic." — so  necessary,  even  to  the  most  devout,  is  reguliir  labour. 

He  trans,  from  the  Latin  The  Holy  Lyfe  and  History 
of  Saynt  Werburge,  very  frutefuU  for  all  Christen  People 
to  rede.  Imprinted  by'Richard  Pynson,  1521,  4to ;  sup- 
posed to  hiive  been  trans,  aulc  1500.  See  an  interesting 
account  of  this  volume  in  Dilidiu's  Typog.  Antiq.  vol.  ii. 
491.  It  is  a  volume  of  great  rarity.  Sold  in  the  Wood- 
house  sale  for  £31  10«. ;  priced  in  Bibl.  Anglo-Poet.  £63; 
resold  by  Saunders  in  1818  for  £42. 

Lyfe  of  Saynt  Radegunde.  Impr.  by  Richard  Pynson,  4to. 
*•  AlthoU'.rh  the  name  of  the  author  or  translator  of  thisbook 
do.'s  not  directly  appear  upon  the  face  of  it.  yet  on  comparinc  it 
wilh  the  life  of  St.  ITerburge.  it  m.ay  readily  be  perceived  that 
both  wore  penned   by  the   same  person,  Henry    Br.adshaw,  but 
hitherto  omitted  in  every  list  of  his  works."— flfrficrCs  Tj/ixig.  Antirj. 
Sold  at  the  Woodhouse  sale,  1803,  for  £17  178. 
"  Henry  Br-adshaw  has  rather  larger  pretensions  Ut  poetical  fame 
than  Williani  of  Nassington.  although  scarcely  deserving  the  n.ame 
of  an  original  writer  in  any  respect.  .  .  .  Bale,  a  violent  reformer, 
observes,  that  our  poet  was  a  peison  reniarli.ably  pious  for  the 
times  in  which  he  flourished.    This  is  an  indirect  satire  on  the 
monks,  and  on  the  period  which  preceded  the  Refjrmatiou.    I  be- 
lieve it  will  readily  he  granted,  that  our  author  had  more  piety 
than  poetry."— Ii;/;(nns  llisl.of  Eng.  Poetry. 
But  nndi  riUrnaii  pailcin  ; 

'•  It  is  presumed  from  the  specimen  of  Bradshaw's  poetry  above 
selected,  that  bis  name  will  stand  among  the  foremost  in  the  list 
of  those  of  the  period  wherein  he  wrote.  Ilis  descriptions  are 
oftentimes  happy,  as  well  as  minute;  and  there  is  a  tone  of  moral 
purity  and  rational  piety  in  his  thoughts,  enriched  by  the  legend- 
ary lore  of  romance,  that  renders  many  pass.a':res  of  his  poem 
[f^iiynt  Werhurgel  exceedingly  iuterestiug."— DtWm's  Tiip.  Antiq.. 
vol!  ii.  4'Jl.  See  also  Wood's  Athen,  Oxon.,  by  Bliss,  i.  13-19,  and 
Sava',re's  Librarian,  ii,  7-^-70. 

Bradshaw,  James,  d.  1702.  aged  67,  a  Noncon- 
formist divine,  educated  at  Corpus  Christi  College,  Oxford. 
The  Sleepy  Spouse  of  Christ  alarmed,  Lon,,  1677,  8vo. 
The  Trial  and  Triumph  of  Faith. 

Bradshaw,  John.  Nature  and  Obligation  of  Oaths, 
Lon,,  16H2.  4to.  Concerning  Tenderness  of  Conscience, 
Lon.,  4to. 

Bradshaw,  Hon.  Mary  Ann  Cavendish.  Me- 
moirs of  the  Countess  d'Alva,  2  vols.  8vo,  1808.  Ferdi- 
nand and  Ordella,  2  vols.  12mo,  1810. 

Bradshaw,  Sergeant.  Heroic  Epistle  to  John 
Dunning.  Esq.,  178(1,  4to. 

llradshaw,  Thomas.  The  Shepherd's  Starre,  Now 
of  late  scene,  and  at  this  bower  to  be  observed  merueilous 
orient  in  the  East :  which  bringeth  glad  tyding.s  to  all 
that  may  behold  her  brightness,  tiauing  the  foure  elements 
with  the  foure  Capital!  vertues  in  her,  which  makes  her 
Elementall  and  a  vanquisher  of  all  earthly  humors.  De- 
scribed by  a  Gentleman  late  of  the  Right  worthie  and 
honorable  the  Lord  Burgh,  his  companie  and  retinue  in 
the  Briell  in  NorthhoUand.  London,  printed  by  Il(d)ert 
Ridiinson,  1691,  4to,  pp.  00.  Priced  in  Bild.  Anglo-Poet. 
£30  ;  resold  by  Saunders,  in  1S18,  for  £10  10,!. ! 

BradshaAV,  William,  1571-1618,  an  eminent  Puri- 
tan divine,  admitted  of  Emanuel  College,  Cambridge, 
1589;  minister  of  Chatham,  Kent,  1601;  subsequently 
lecturer  of  Christ  Church,  Newgate  Street,  London.  Eng- 
lish Puritanism,  1605. 

"  This  is  valuable,  as  showing  the  difference  between  the  princi- 
ples of  the  ancient  and  modern  Nonconformists,  Ne.al  has  given 
an  .abstract  of  it.  and  Dr.  Ames  translated  it  into  Latin," 

Treatise  of  Justification,  Lon.,  1615,  8vo.  The  same  in 
Latin,  Leyd.,  1618, 12mo ;  Oxon.,  165S,  8vo.  Other  works. 
'•  lie  was  of  a  strong  brain  and  of  a  free  spirit,  not  suffering 
himself  for  .small  differen.-'S  ,,f judgment  to  be  alienated  from  his 
friends,  to  whom,  notwitlisfandinL'  his  seeming  austerity,  he  was 
very  pleasing  in  conversatiun,  being  full  of  witty  and  harmless 
url-aiiitv,'' — Bishop  Hm.i.. 

Bradshaw,  William,  D,D.,  Bishop  of  Bristol,  1724, 
d.  1732.  aged  CI).     Two  Sermons.  1714,  '47,  8vo. 

IJradstreet,  Anne,  1613-1672,  daughter  of  Thomas 
Dudley,  Governor  of  Mass,achusetts,  was  a  native  of 
Northampton,  England.  At  the  ago  of  16  she  married 
Simon  Bradstreet,  and  accompanied  him  to  America  in 
1630.  Her  husband  became  Governor  of  Massachusetts 
in  1080.  Among  the  descendants  of  Mrs.  Bradstreet  who 
236 


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have  risen  to  distinction,  is  RirHAUD  H.  Dana. (7.  v..)  the 
ivoU-known  American  author.  The  first  collection  of  Mrs. 
Bradsfreet's  poems  was  pub.  in  1640,  under  the  title  of 
Several  Poems,  compiled  with  great  variety  of  Wit  and 
Learning,  full  of  delight;  wherein  especially  is  contained 
a  compleat  Discourse  and  Description  of  the  Four  Ele- 
ments, Ciuistifuti'ins,  Ages  of  Man,  and  Seasons  of  the 
Year,  togctlicr  with  an  exact  Epitome  of  the  Three  First 
Monarchies,  viz. :  The  As.syrian,  Persian,  and  Grecian  ; 
and  the  beginning  of  the  Roman  Commonwealth  to  the 
end  of  their  last  King,  with  divers  other  Pleasant  .and 
Serious  Poems :  by  a  Gentlewoman  of  New  England. 
This  voh  Wiis  reprinted  in  London  with  the  "  Tenth  Muse, 
lately  sprung  up  in  America,"  prefixed  to  the  title.  A 
second  American  edition,  from  the  press  of  John  Foster, 
Boston,  in  1678: 

*'  Corrected  by  the  author,  and  enbarged  by  the  addition  of 
several  other  poems  found  among  her  papers  after  her  death." 

Mrs.  Bradsfreet's  poems  bear  evidence  of  an  intimate 
acquaintance  with,  and  great  admiration  of,  "  Great  Bartas' 
sugared  lines."  Sylvester's  trans,  of  the  Divine  Weeks  of 
Du  Bartas  had  introduced  this  poet  to  a  largo  circle  of 
English  admirers. 

Mrs.  Bradstreet  thus  expresses  her  admiration  of  the 
Soldier-Poet : 

"  But  when  my  wandering  eyes  and  envious  heart 
Great  Bartas'  sugared  lines  do  but  read  o'er. 
Fool !  I  do  grudge  the  muses  did  not  part 

'Twixt  him  and  me  their  over-fluent  store. 
A  Bartas  can  do  what  a  Bartas  will — 
But  simple  I.  according  to  my  skill." 
Nathaniel  Ward,  the  author  of  The  Simple  Cobbler  of 
Agawam,  would  have  us  to    nnderst.and    that,   whatever 
might  be  Mrs.  Bradstreet's  opinion  in  the  jiremises,  yet 
Apollo  was  not  by  any  means  satisfied  of  the  unquestion- 
able precedence  of  Du  Bartas : 

'■  Mercury  showed  .\pollo  Bartas'  book, 
Minerv.a  this,  and  wished  him  well  to  look 
And  tell  uprightly  which  did  which  excel. 
He  viewed  and  viewed  and  vowed  he  could  not  tell." 

See  Griswold's  Female  Poets  of  America. 

More  distinguished  authorities  than  Ward  vied  in  cele- 
brating Mrs.  Bradstreet's  poetical  efi'usions. 
Dr.  Cotton  Mather  considered  her  works  to  be 
"  A  monument  to  her  memory,  beyond  the  stateUest  marble." — 
Magiifilia. 

"  Your  only  h.and  those  poesies  did  compose; 
Your  head  the  source  whence  all  these  springs  did  flow," 

John  Kooers;  Pn'sidml  of  Harvard  OoUege. 
"  Now  T  believe  Tradition,  which  doth  call 
The  Muses.  Virtues,  Graces,  females  all; 
Chily  they  are  not  nine,  eleven,  nor  three: — 
Oiu-  authoress  proves  them  but  one  unity." 
Benjamin  \\ooT)iiMD<i¥.,jirst  graduate  of  Harvcu-d  College. 
"  One  unity :"  is  it  possible  ?     How  strange ! 
John  Norton  describes  this 
"  peerless  gentlewoman,  the  mirror  of  her  age  and  glory  of  her  sex : 
" '  Praise  her  who  list,  yet  he  shall  be  a  debtor. 

For  art  ne'er  feigned,  nor  nature  formed,  a  better.'  " 
"These  praises  run  into  hyperbole,  and  prove,  perhaps,  that 
their  authors  were  more  gallant  than  critical;  but  we  perceive 
from  Mrs.  Bradstreet's  pcH-ms  that  they  are  not  destitute  of  imagi- 
nation, and  that  she  was  thoroughly  instructed  in  the  best  learn- 
ing of  the  age."— K.  \\'.  Griswold. 

In  the  height  of  enthusiasm,  good  John  Norton  goes  so 
far  as  to  declare,  that  if  '^'irgil  could  hear  her  works,  he 
would  condemn  his  own  to  the  flames.  As  the  Mantuan 
Bard  is  not  likely  to  be  gratified  by  hearing  Mrs.  Brad- 
street's efi'usions.  it  is  idle  to  discuss  the  position  as.sumed 
by  Norton,  and  argue  whether  Virgil  would  or  would  not 
be  capable  of  such  an  act  of  philanthropic  abnegation,  or 
ebullition  of  disappointed  rivalry,  as  the  combustion  of 
his  verses  would  disjday  to  the  eyes  of  an  astonished  and 
mourning  world.  Uliserable  as  'Virgil's  efi'usions  may  be, 
when  comp.ared  with  the  verses  of  Mrs.  Bradstreet.  yet 
somehow  we  have  become  accustomed  to  him,  and  could 
better  spare  a  better  poet, — even  the  famed  "  Tenth  Muse" 
herself 

Bradstreet,  Anne.  Poems,  Lon.,  1858. 
Bradstreet,  Capt.  Dudley.  Life  and  Uncommon 
Adventures  of.  Dublin,  1755,  8vo.  Major  Dudley  Brad- 
street, son  of  Governor  Simon  Bradstreet,  was  taken  pri- 
soner, with  his  wife,  by  the  Indians,  at  Andovcr,  in  1098. 
Bradstreet,  Robert.  The  Sabine  Farm;  a  Poem, 
Lon.,  1810,  Svo. 

Bradstreet,  Simon,  d.  1741,  aged  72,  minister  at 
Charlestown,  Massachusetts,  wrote  a  Latin  epitaph  upon 
his  predecessor.  Rev.  Jlr.  Morton,  which  has  been  pre- 
served by  the  Mass.  Hist.  Society.— Jl/n««.  iti'i-  CiM.  viii.  75. 
Bradstreet,  Simon,  d.  1771,  minister  at  Marble- 
head,  Massachusetts,  was  a  son  of  the  preceding.     He 


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pub.  a  sermon  on  the  denth  of  his  brother  Samuel,  1755. 
— J/-rv«.  llist.  Coll.,  viii.  75,  7(). 

Uiailwnrdiii,  Bradwariline,  or  Bredvvardiue, 
Thomas,  an  English  schoolman  of  the  l-ith  century, 
kn.>wu  as  the  "Profound  Doctor,"  was  consecrated  Arch- 
bii^hop  of  Canterbury  in  1349.  and  died  a  few  weeks  after- 
wards. He  was  of  Merton  College,  O.xfurd,  and  one  of  the 
Proctors  of  that  University  in  1325.  Astronomical  Tables 
in  MS.  in  the  possession  of  Sir  Henry  Savile.  Geome- 
trica  Specula tiva,  cum  Arithmetica  speculativa,  Paris, 
14i)o-150i,  fol.  Arithmetica,  printed  separately  in  1502; 
other  editions  of  both,  1512-30.  De  Proportionibus,  Paris, 
1495;  Venice,  1505,  fol.  De  Qaadratiira  Circuli,  Paris, 
1495,  fol.  Do  Causa  Dei  contra  Pelagium,  et  de  Virtute 
Causarum  libri  tres;  ex  editione  Henrici  Savilii,  Lon., 
161S,  fol.  This  refutation  of  Pelagianismis  Bradwardine's 
principal  work,  and  gained  him  great  renown. 

"  As  Bradwardine  was  a  very  excellent  matheniaticwn.  he  en- 
deavoured to  tri*at  tbt^olo^ical  subjects  with  a  mathematical  accu- 
racy ;  was  th-'  tirst  di\  iiie,  as  for  as  I  know,  says  Sh-  Henry  Savile. 
who  pursut'd  tliat  iii.-lliod.  The  book  against  IVIagiauism  is  one 
reiiularconnci'ti'd  s.Ti>'s  of  reasoning;  from  principle,  or  conclusions 
which  have  been  demonstrated  before." 

'■  Accused  by  the  Catholics  as  holding  out  the  same  doctrine 
which  has  since  been  termed  Protestantism." — Dr.  Adam  Clarke. 

'•  It  is  a  surprising  work  for  the  age  in  which  it  appeared." — 

BlCKERSTETH. 

The  story  upon  which  Parnell's  poem  of  the  Hermit  is 
founded  is  supposed  to  have  been  derived  from  an  apo- 
logue in  this  book.  Chaucer  refers  to  Bradwardine  as  a 
great  authority  in  the  Schools.  See  The  Nonnes  Priestes  Tale. 
Itrailweli,  Stephen.  A  Watchmau  for  the  Post, 
Lon..  1()25,  4tM.  Helps  for  Suddain  Accidents,  Lon.,  1633, 
12mo.     Pbysick  for  the  Plague,  Lon.,  lG3(i,  4to. 

Brady 9  J,  H,  Churchwarden  and  Overseer's  Guide, 
Lon.,  12mo.  Law  of  Debtor  and  Creditor.  12mo.  Diction- 
ary of  Parochial  Law  and  Taxation,  12mo.  Executor's 
Account-Book,  4to.  Guide  to  Kuole,  Kent,  1S39,  8vo;  do., 
Lon.,  12mo.  Familiar  Law  Adviser,  18mo.  Other  works. 
Brady,  John.  The  Clavis  Calendaria,  or  a  Com- 
pendious Analysis  of  the  Kalendar.  Illustrated  by  Ec- 
clesiastical, Historical,  and  Classical  Anecdotes,  Lon., 
1SI3.  2  vols.  8vo;  abridged.  1814,  12mo. 

'•  Especially  to  students  in  divinity  ami  law.  it  will  ho  an  in- 
valuable acquisition:  and  we  hesitate  not  to  declare  that,  in  pn> 
portion  as  its  merits  become  known  to  the  public,  it  will  find  its 
way  to  the  libraries  of  every  gentleman  and  scholar  in  the  king- 
dom."— Lon.  Quart.  Bin-iew. 

"  Very  few  publications  have  so  feir  a  claim  to  merit." — Lo7i. 
Gent.  Mag. 

"Replete  with  learning  and  anecdote,  so  as  to  command  the 
most  lively  attention." — Anti-Jacobin  Bevieiv. 

Dissertations  on  the  Names  of  Persons,  12nio.  Varieties 
of  Literature.  Svo. 

Brady,  Nicholas,  1650-1726,  a  native  of  Eandon, 
Ireland,  educated  at  Westmin.ster  and  Christ  Church,  Ox- 
ford, became  minister  of  Richmond,  Surrey,  and  Rector  of 
Clapham.  Theolog.  Treatises,  Sermons,  \tc.,  1695-1724. 
The  ^neids  of  Virgil,  trans,  into  English  verse,  Lon., 
1726,  4  vols.  Svo,  pub.  by  subscription.  He  is  best  known 
by  the  New  Version  of  the  Psalms  of  David,  executed  in 
conjunction  with  Nahum  Tate,  Lon.,  1G95,  Svo;  (the  first 
20, j  1698,  8vo;  1700.  1703. 

"Tate  and  Brady  are  too  quaint,  and  where  the  Psalmist  rises 
to  sublimity  (which  is  very  often  the  ease)  are  apt  to  sink  into 
bombast;  yet  Tate  and  Brady  have  many  good  passaws,  especially 
in  those  psalms  that  contain  simple  enunciations  of  moral  truth." 
^Dr.  Be\ttie. 

Brady,  Nicholas,  Sermon.  1738,  4to. 
Brady,  Robert,  M.D.,  d.  1700,  a  native  of  Norfolk, 
was  admitted  of  Cains  College,  Cambrid^^e,  1643.  An 
Answer  to  I\Ir.  Petyt's  book  ou  Parliaments.  Lon.,  1681, 
Svo.  An  Introduction  to  the  Old  English  History,  &c., 
Lon.,  1681,  4to  ;  2d  edit,  enlarged,  1684,  fol.  Dr.  b!  wrote 
two  other  treatises  on  historical  matters,  1690-91,  and  a 
letter  to  Dr.  Sydenham  on  the  Influence  of  the  Air  on 
Human  Bodies;  pub.  in  Sydenhiim's  Works.  But  his 
best-known  work  is  A  Complete  History  of  England  from 
the  first  Entrance  of  the  Romans  to  the  Death  of  K. 
Richard  IL,  vol.  i.,  Lon.,  1685.  fob:  ii.,  1700,  fob;  with 
the  Introduction,  (see  above,)  1684,  3  vols.  fol.  Hume  is 
said  to  have  been  chiefly  indebted  to  Brady  for  the  facts 
and  principles  of  his  history.  Brady's  accuracy  bas  been 
highly  commended. 

''  It  is  compiled  so  religiously  upon  the  very  text,  letters,  and 
syllable  of  the  authorities,  especially  those  upon  record,  that  the 
work  may  justly  pass  for  an  antiquarian  law-book." — Lord  Keeper 
Guilford. 

"It  is  a  work  which  will  every  year  necessarily  become  rarer 
and  rarer,  and  the  well-disposed  towards  an  acquisition  of  pond 
old  Enrrlish  History,  will  do  well  to  secure  a  copy  of  it." — Dibdins 
Library  Oimpanioii.  I 


Brady,  Samuel.     Medical  Essays,  1722,  &.c. 

Brady,  Terence,  M.D.     Medical  Essays.  1755-60. 

Bragge,  Francis,  Vicar  of  Hitchin,  and  Prebendary 
of  Lincoln.  Discour.^e  on  the  Parables,  Lon.,  1694.  2  vols. 
Svo.  Observations  on  the  Miracles,  2  vols.  Svo,  1702-fl4. 
Thirteen  Sermons,  1713,  Svo.       TheoL  Works,  5  vols.  Svo. 

'•I  would  likewise  recommend  Bragpe  on  tbe  Parables  and 
Miracles  of  our  Saviour:  especially  if  one  would  learn  to  emanci- 
pate himself  from  the  slavery  of  usinj;  notes.'' — Dr.  ■\VoTTnN. 

Dr.  Wotton  also  recommends  the  study  of  Braggc's  Dis- 
courses "to  prepare  the  mind,  and,  consequently  the  style, 
for  the  composition  of  Sermons." 

Bragge,  Francis.  A  Treatise  on  Witehcraft,I712,8vo. 

Bragtre,  J.     Duke  of  York  as  Commander,  1811,  Svo. 

Braiige,  Rohert, 1665-1 7;-;7-38.  Sermon5.1674-1739. 

Braiim,  W.  G.  dc.     Atlantic  Pilot,  Lon.,  1772,  Svo. 

Braid,  James.  Neurypuolugy,  or  the  Rationale  of 
Nervous  Sleep,  considered  iu  relation  with  Animal  Mag- 
netism. Lon.,  1843,  Svo. 

"  I'nlimitt'd  skepticism  is  equally  the  child  of  imbecility,  as  im- 
plicit credulity.'" — Dlq.ud  Stewart. 

Braidwood,  Messrs.  Vox  Oeulissnbjecta,  1783,  Svo. 

Braidwood.,  W.  Baptist,  of  Edinburgh.  Theolog. 
Works,  with  Memoir  of  his  Liie  and  Writings,  by  William 
Jones,  1838,  Svo. 

"  He  possessed  a  masculine  understanding,  profound  acquaint- 
ance with  Scripture,  and  discriminatiiit:  jud'j;ment." 

Brailsford,  J,     Sermons,  1761-76,  Svo. 

Bi-aim,  T.  H.  History  of  New  South  Wales  to  1844, 
2  vols.  p.  Svo. 

"  As  a  regular  systematic  account  of  this  colony,  developing:  the 
present  state  and  future  prospects  of  the  fifth  quarter  of  tbe  iilobo, 
Mr.  Kraim's  history  merits  and  will  obtain  a  permanent  place  in 
the  library." — Lon.  Litcrar)/  Guzrtti. 

Braiuard,  John  G.  C,  1796-1828,  an  American 
poet  of  considerable  note,  was  a  native  of  New  London, 
Connecticut.  He  graduated  at  Yale  College  in  1815,  and 
then  commenced  the  practice  of  the  law  at  Middletown, 
Conn.  A  volume  of  his  poems,  consisting  partly  of  big 
contributions  to  the  Connecticut  Mirror,  which  he  edited 
for  five  ye.ars,  was  pub.  in  1825,  and  very  favourably  re- 
ceived. This  volume  contained  hut  little  more  than  half 
of  the  poetry  comprised  in  the  third  edition.  An  edit,  was 
pub.  in  1832,  which  contains  an  account  of  his  life  by  Juhn 
U.  Whitticr,  an  intimate  friend.  A  number  of  pieces  in 
this  volume  were  not  the  compositions  of  Brainard.  Tho 
last  edition  of  his  works,  pub.  in  1S42,  (Hartford,  16mo,) 
gives  us  some  insight  into  his  career  as  a  Newspaper  Editor 
— that  Sisyphus  of  modern  days. 

*' He  faiifd  only  in  his  humoi-ous  pieces;  in  all  the  rest  his 
lauiiuace  is  appropriate  and  pure,  bis  diction  free  and  harmonious, 
and  his  sentiments  natural  and  sincere.  His  serious  poems  are 
characterized  by  deep  feelinj;  and  delicate  fancy:  and  if  we  had  no 
records  of  his  history,  they  wovdd  sliow  that  he  was  a  man  of 
great  gentleiicsp.  simplicity,  and  purity." — K.  W.  Griswold. 

Brainerd,  David,  1718-1747,  an  eminent  missionary 
to  tbe  North  American  Indians,  was  a  native  of  Haddam, 
Connecticut.  An  Account  of  his  Life,  chiefly  from  big 
own  Diary,  by  Jonathan  Edwards  j  to  which  is  annexed 
T.  Mr.  Braincrd's  Journal  while  among  tbe  Indians.  II.  Mr. 
Pemberton's  Sermon  at  his  ordination.  With  an  Appendix 
relative  to  Indian  Affairs,  Edin.,  1765,  Svo.  A  new  edit, 
of  his  Memoirs  was  pub.  in  1822,  by  Sereuo  Edwards 
Dwight,  including  his  Journal.  Mr.  Edwards  had  omitted 
the  already  printed  Journals,  which  bad  been  pub.  in  two 
parts:  the  first  from  June  19th  to  Nov.  4.  1745.  entitled 
Mirabilia  Dei  inter  Indicos;  the  second  from  Nov.  24  to 
June  19,  1740,  under  the  title  Divine  Grace  Displayed,  &.c. 
Mr.  Dwight  has  incorporated  those  journals  in  a  regular 
chronological  series  with  the  rest  of  the  Diary  as  above 
given  by  Edwards. 

His  friend,  President  Edwards,  declares  that  he 

"  Never  knew  his  equal  of  his  age  and  standing,  for  clear,  accu- 
rate notions  of  the  nature  and  essence  of  true  religion,  and  its 
disiinctions  from  its  various  f'dse  appearances." 

Brainthwait,  WiUiam,  Master  of  Gonville  and 
Cains  C»)liege,  was  one  of  the  47  divines  commissioned  by 
James  I.  to  prepare  the  version  of  tbe  Holy  Scriptures 
which  bears  the  name  of  that  monarch.  The  Apocrypha 
was  confided  to  Drs.  Brainthwait,  Radclyfie,  Downcs, 
Boyse.  and  Messrs.  Ward. 

Braithwait,  Gulielmus.  Siren  Coelestis,  Lon.,  1633, 

Braithwait,  Richard.     See  Bkathwait. 

Brailhwaite,  Captain  John.  History  of  the  Re- 
volutions in  the  Empire  of  Morocco  in  1727-28,  Lon.,  1729, 
r.  Svo.     Trans,  into  Dutch.  German,  and  French. 

"Resides  the  historical  details,  the  accuracy  of  which  is  un- 
doubted, .IS  Brailhwaite  was  an  eye-witness  of  the  events  he  de- 
scriln-s.  this  work  gives  us  some  valuable  information  on  the 
physi'Ml  and  moral  statp  of  the  people." — Stkvenson. 

Brailhwaite,  John.    Account  of  his  Travels,  La- 

237 


BRA 


BRA 


bours  in  the  Ministry,  and  Writings,  by  Robert  Diokin- 
son,  LoD.,  1825,  12mo. 

"  A  Talual^e  addition  to  the  stores  Of  modern  religious  bio- 
graphy."—  Wevhyan  Methodist  Afag. 

Brakeii,  Henry.  Medical  Essays,  Lon.,1737,'39,8vo. 

Bralesford,  Humph.  Theolog.  Treatises,  1689, 
1724,  Svo. 

Bramah,  Joseph,  1749-1815,  a  skilful  engineer,  best 
known  by  the  lock  which  bears  his  name.  I>issertation 
on  the  Construction  of  Locks,  Lon.,  17S7,  Svo.  Letter 
rel.  to  "Watt's  Patent.  1797,  Svo.  Con.  to  Nic.  Jour. :  A 
Ni:w  Pre^?.  1797.     A  .Jib,  1804. 

Bramble,  Robert.  The  Royal  Brides,  or  Sketches 
of  Exalted  Characters,  1816,  3  vols.  12mo. 

Bramhall,  Johu,  D.D.,  1593-166.1.  a  native  of  Ponte- 
fract,  Yorkshire,  entered  Sydney  College,  Cambridge,160S. 
He  was  made  Prebendary  of  York,  then  of  KiiJon,  went  to 
Ireland  in  1633,  and  became  Archdeacon  of  Mcath ;  in 
1634  he  was  promoted  to  the  bishopric  of  Londonderry, 
and  in  1661  was  translated  to  the  primacy  of  Armagh.  A 
Sermon  preached  before  the  Earle  of  Newcastle,  York, 
1643,  4to.  (Not  included  in  his  works.)  A  Fair  Warning 
against  the  deception  of  the  Scotch  Discipline,  1649,  4to. 
A  Vindication  of  the  Church  of  England  against  Criminal 
Schism,  Lou.,  1654.  Svo.  An  Answer  to  De  la  Militiere's 
Victory  of  Truth,  Hague,  1654,  Svo.  A  Defence  of  True 
Liberty,  in  answer  to  Hobbes's  Treatise  of  Liberty  and 
Necessity,  Lon.,  1655,  Svo,  A  Repub.  of  the  Bp.  of 
Chaleedon's  Survey.  Lon.,  1666,  Svo.  Castigation  of  Mr. 
Hobbes's  last  Animadversions,  in  the  case  concerning 
Liberty  and  universal  Necessity,  with  an  Appendix  con- 
cerning the  catching  of  the  Leviathan,  Lon.,  165S,  Svo. 
The  Consecration  and  Succession  of  Protestant  Bishops 
vindicated,  Graven.,  1650,  Svo.  Schism  guarded  against, 
and  beaten  back  upon  the  right  owners,  1658,  Svo.  Vin- 
dication of  the  Episcopal  Clergy,  1672,  4to.  Life  and 
Works,  Dublin,  1677,  fol. ;  repub.  in  Library  of  Anglo- 
Cath.  Theology,  5  vols.  Svo,  Oxf.,  1842-45.  'Archbishop 
Bramhall  was  a  man  of  great  energy  of  character,  and 
highly  esteemed  by  his  contemporaries.  During  the  Civil 
War  he  resided  chiefly  abroad.  An  answer  to  Milton's 
Defensio  Populi  was  attributed  to  him,  but  Mr.  Todd  dis- 
proves the  charge  in  his  Life  of  Miltun. 

"  Perhaps  the  most  valuable  part  of  his  works  is  that  in  which 
he  contended  wiUi  Ilobbes.  He  argued  with  prt^it  acuteness 
a?:.T.inst  Ilnl.ln-s's  notions  on  liberty  aud  neressity,  in  the  Catching 
of  the  Leviathau,  in  which  he  undertakes  to  demnnstrate.  out  of 
llobbes's  own  woiks,  that  no  sincere  Hobbist  can  he  a  good  Chris- 
tian, or  a  good  Commonwealth's  man,  or  reconcile  himself  to 
himself." 

Bramston.     Sermon  on  Rom.  x.  2,  Svo. 

Bramstou,  James,  d.  1744,  Vicar  of  Starting,  in 
Sussex.  The  Art  of  Politics ;  in  imitation  of  Horace's 
Art  of  Poetry.  The  Man  of  Taste  ;  oecasirtned  by  Pope's 
Epistle  on  that  subject:  both  pub.  in  Dodsley's  Collection, 
vol.  i.  The  Crooked  Sixpence;  in  imitation  of  Philips's 
Splendid  Shilling;  pub.  in  The  Repository,  vol.  i. 

"  Dr.  Warton  objects  to  bis  Man  of  Taste,  that  he  has  made  his 
hero  laugh  at  himself  and  his  own  follies.  The  satire,  however,  in 
other  respects,  is  truly  legitimate." 

Bramston,  John.     Theolog.  treatises.  1688,  1724. 

Bramstoii,  WilHam,     Sermons,  1695-1714. 

BramwoU,  Geortje.  Analytical  Table  of  the  Private 
Acts  1  Geo.  II.  to  52  Ueo.  IIL.  Lou.,  1813,  r.  Svo. 

Branch,  Johu.  Ready  Reckoner,  1S04,  Svo.  The 
British  Museum,  or  elegant  Repository  of  Natural  History, 
1S03,  '04, 4  vols.  12mo;  in  conjunction  with  W.  Holloway. 

Branch,  or  Brauche,  Thomas,  Principia  Legis 
et  ^Eijuitatis;  being  an  Alphabetical  Collection  of  above 
20,000  maxims,  principles,  or  rules,  definitions,  and  re- 
markable sayings,  in  Law  and  Equity,  by  T.  B.,  1753, 
12mo;  2d  edit,  enlarged,  ISIO,  12mo;  5th  edit,  with  addi- 
tions, and  the  Latin  maxims  and  notes  translated,  by  J. 
Richardson,  Lon.,  1824,  12mo.  American  edit.,  from  the 
4th  English  edit.,  by  W.  W.  Hening.  with  additions,  Rich- 
mond, 1824,  Svo.  Mr.  Warren  points  out  errors  in  Rich- 
ardson's edit. 

*■  As  a  manual,  this  little  book  contains  more  law,  aud  more  use- 
ful matter,  than  any  one  book  of  the  same  size  which  can  be  put 
into  the  hands  of  the  student." 

"  It  is  more  extensive  than  Noy's  Maxims,  and  draws  so  copiously 
from  the  Common  Law  lleports,  andwritersof  the  age  of  Elizabeth, 
and  since  that  time,  that  it  may  be  regarded  as  the  accumulated 
spirit  and  wisdom  of  the  great  body  of  the  English  Law." 

See  Preston  on  Abstracts,  214  j  2  Kent,  554  j  Warren's 
Law  Studies,  802. 

Brancker,  or  Branker,  Thomas,  1636-1676.  Doc- 
trine of  the  Sphere,  in  Latin.   Oxf.,  1663.     Introduc.  to 
Algebra;  trans,  from  the  High-Dutch^  Lon.,  1663.  A  Trans. 
from  Rhonius. 
2i3 


Brand,  Adam.  Journal  of  the  Embassy  from  Mua- 
.-:;vy  to  Ciiina  over  Land;  trans,  from  the  High-Dutch, 
Lon..  1698,  Svo. 

Brand,  Sir  Alexander.  A  Specimen  of  Bishop 
Burnet's  Candour  and  Integrity,  Lon.,  1715.  Svo. 

Brand,  Charles,  Treat,  on  Assurances,  <tc.,  1775,  Svo. 

Brand,  31iss  Hanua.  Plays  aud  Poems,  Lon., 
179S,  .Svo. 

Brand,  John.  Description  of  Orkney,  Zetland,  Pight- 
land,  Firth,  and  Caithness. Edin.. 1701. 12mo  ;  and  1703, Svo. 

"  A  curious  and  interesting  account." — LowMifiS. 

Brand  was  commissioned  to  visit  Orkney,  <fec.  by  the 
General  Assembly. 

Brand,  John,  1743-1806,  Secretary  to  the  Society  of 
Anti([uaries  ;  educated  at  Lincoln  College,  Oxford;  Curate 
ofCramlintonChapel,  Newcastle,  1774;  Rectorof  St.  Mary- 
at-Hill,  London,  17S4.  On  HIicitLove;  written  among  the 
ruins  of  Godstow  Nunnery,  1775,  4to.  Observations  on 
Popular  Antirjuities.  including  the  whole  of  Mr.  Bourue's 
Antiquitates  Vulgares,  with  Addenda  to  each  Chapter  of 
that  work,  as  also  Appendix  containing  such  Notices  on 
the  Subject  as  have  been  omitted  by  the  Author,  Newc, 
1777,  Svo.  A  new  edit,  greatly  enlarged,  by  Sir  Henry 
Ellis,  [Principal  Librarian  of  the  British  Museum,]  2  vols. 
4to,  1813;  with  further  additions,  1843.  3  vols.  12mo;  repub. 
in  Mr.  H.  G.  Bohu's  Antiquarian  Library  in  1849 — one  of 
his  many  invaluable  series  of  good  books. 

"  AVhatever  of  importance  has  occurred  to  the  Editor  in  augmen- 
tation of  the  work  since  the  publication  of  the  last  edition,  has  been 
added  to  the  pre&ce.  and  another  copious  Index  supplied." — /Ve/'. 

Of  this  excellent  work  it  has  been  said  that 

''Any  one  who  will  read  on  each  respective  day,  the  chapter  which 
belongs  to  it.  will,  when  he  has  got  through  the  volume,  haveabet^ 
ter  notion  of  what  English  History  is.  than  he  will  get  from  almost 
any  other  work  professedly  named  a  '  Uistory.' "  See  an  article  in 
Lon.  Quar.  Review,  xi.  259. 

History  and  Antiquities  of  the  Town  and  County  of 
Newcastle-upon-Tyne,  Lon,,  1789,  4to,  2  vols.  Con.  to 
Archa:;ol.  viii.,  1788,  and  to  Trans.  Linn.  Soc,  1797. 

Brand  was  a  noted  collector  of  curious  books,  and  pos- 
sessed a  noble  library,  which  was  sold  in  1807;  see  Dib- 
din"s  Bibliomania.  452—4.  The  Bibliomaniac  should  secure 
a  copy  of  this  catalogue,  with  the  prices  marked. 

Brand,  John,  d.  ISOS,  an  English  divine,  educated  at 
Caius  College,  Cambridge,  pub.  two  Sermons,  1794,  and 
1800,  and  several  political  treatises,  &c.,  1772-1807.  His 
essay  entitled  Conscience,  pub.  1772,  4to,  was  written  for 
the  Seatonian  Prize,  but  was  unsuccessful. 

Brand,  Bobert.  Reducing  Ruptures,  Lon.,  1771,  Svo. 

Brand,  T.  J.  Select  Diss,  from  Amagmitates  Aca- 
demicte;  a  sup.  to  Stillingfleet's  Tracts,  &c.,  1781-82,  2 
vols.  Svo. 

Brand,  Thomas,  Surgeon.     Profess,  works,  1778-88. 

Brand,  Thomas.  A  Letter  to  W.  Wiltshire,  Lon., 
181 1,  8vo.  on  the  Corn  Laws. 

Brande,  A.  E.     Medical  Treatises,  Lon.,  1791-1800. 

Brandc,  William.     Chem.  treatises,  1806-09. 

Brande,  William  Thomas,  b.  1780,  an  eminent 
Chemist  and  Lecturer,  Professor  of  Chemistry  in  the  Royal 
Institution,  long  the  assistant  of  Sir  Humphry  Davy.  Cat. 
of  Geological  Specimens,  Svo.  Diet,  of  Materia  Medica 
and  Pharmacy,  1S29.  Svo.  Outlinesof  Geology,  1S39,  p.  Svo. 
Table  of  Chemical  Equivalents,  &c.,  1843,  Svo.  Tables  of 
Specific  Gravities  and  Equivalents,  1828,  Svo.  Manual  of 
Chemistry,  2  vols.,  6th  ed.  1848,  Svo.  A  Manual  of  Phaj- 
macy,  Svo. 

■*  Mr.  Brande's  extensive  experience  as  a  pharmaceutist  is  very 
ably  embodied  in  this  work.  It  should  be  in  the  possession  of 
every  practitioner  and  pharmacupolist." — Lon.  Medical  Jiepusitt/ry. 

A  Dictionary  of  Seienee,  Literature,  aud  Art,  assisted  by 
Joseph  Cauvin,  and  other  gentlemen  of  eminence  in  their 
respective  departments;  1S42,  Svo,  2ded.,  1852,  pp.  1423. 

"  An  admirable  work,  supplying  what  all  scientific  and  literary 
mi>n  must  have  long  felt  to  be  a  desideratum  in  our  literature, 
lie  who  has  no  encyclopjedia  will  tind  it  an  excellent  substitute 
for  one;  and  he  who  has  will  find  it  a  valuable  supplement." — 
ion.  Ecf'Ctic  Ucritw- 

'*  Nearly  all  branches  of  science  and  art  and  human  inquiry  ar* 
embraced  in  these  compact  aud  laborious  pages." — Lon.  Monthly 
Chrmiide. 

Lectures  on  Organic  Chemistry,  ed.  by  Dr.  Scofifern,  1854, 
12mo. 

Brander,  Gustavus,  1720-1787,  a  merchant  and  an- 
tiquary, con.  some  articles  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1754.  See 
Archteol.,  iv.,  1776.  He  presented  to  the  Brit.  Museum  his 
valuable  collection  of  fossils,  an  account  of  which  was 
pub.  at  his  expense,  with  Latin  descriptions  by  Dr.  Solan- 
dcr:  Fossilia  Hantoniensia.  &c..  1776,  4to, 

Brandish,  Joseph.  Vsq  of  Caustic  Alkali,  Lon.,  1811. 

Brandling,  H.  C.  Views  in  the  North  of  France, 
Lon.,  1848,  fob,  £5  3«.,  coloured,  £5  5s. 


BRA 


BRA 


Brandon,  Isaac.  Fragments  after  Steme,lS0S,12mo. 
Kai?:   Opera.  ISDS,  Svo. 

Brandon,  John.  Everlasting  Fire  no  Fancy,  Lon„ 
167S,  -Itu.     A  Pructical  Discourse.  IfiOO. 

Brandon,  Raphael  and  Arthur,  architects.  Analy- 
sis of  Gotliie  Arehitecture,  184^8,  2  vols.  imp.  4to.  Open 
Timber  Roofs  of  the  Middle  Ages,  184<t,  r.  4to. 

•■  Almost  every  br.inch  of  Kcclesiastical  Ari'hitocture  has  been 
ably  mvestiLTatod,  with,  perhaps,  the  sinjjle.  but  important,  excep- 
tion of  the  rootinfc  of  our  churches.  ...  It  is  with  a  view  of  sup- 
plyiug  thi.s  information  that  this  work  has  been  undertaken." 

Parish  Churches,  being  Perspective  Views  of  English 
Ecclesiastical  Structures,  new  ed.,  1849,  r.  8vo. 

'■  From  the  judii.ious  selection  which  has  been  made,  it  bids  fair 
to  be  a  very  useful  publication  to  the  Ai-chitect  and  Parish  Viiestf 
— English  lii-vittu. 

Brandon,  Richard,  the  wretch  who  beheaded  Charles 
T.  ITis  Confession,  1049.  His  Last  Will  and  Testament, 
1640.  4to.     Both  these  tracts  are  in  the  British  Museum. 

Brandon,  Samuel.  Tragi-comoedi  of  the  vertuous 
Octavia,  Lon.,  1598,  12mo. 

*'Notwithstandintr  thehii^h  opinion  he,  and  perhaps  some  of  his 
partial  friends.  mi;^ht  entertain  of  it,  it  is  now  entirely  forgotten." 
— Biog.  Or-nnot. 

Unkind  critic  ! 

Brandreth,  Joseph,  M.D.  Med.  treatises,  Edin., 
ITry-lT'Jl. 

Bransby, James  H.   Theolog.  treatises,  Ac,  1806-14. 

BransIey,John.  The  Use  of  the  Globes, Lon. ,1791, Svo. 

Brant,  J.     I*is.  at  Bampton  Lecture,  1812.  Svo. 

Brant,  Joseph,  d.  1807,  aged  65,  a  celebrated  Mo- 
hawk chief,  contemplated  writing  a  history  of  the  Six  Na- 
tions of  wliieh  lie  was  the  head.  He  pub.  The  Book  of 
Common  Pniyer,  and  The  Gospel  according  to  St.  Mark, 
in  the  Mohawk  and  English  languages,  Lon.,  1787,  Svo. 
The  Gospel  according  to  St.  John  in  Mohawk,  ascribed  to 
him  in  the  Cambridge  Catalogue,  was  the  work  of  the 
chief,  John  Norton  j  it  is  sine  anno,  but  was  jjrinted  at 
London  in  1807,  or  ISOS,  by  the  Brit,  and  For.  Bible  So- 
ciety, in  an  edit,  of  2000  copies.  See  Allen's  Amer.  Biog. 
Diet.;  Mass.  Hist.  Coll.  x.  154. 

Branwhitc,  1745-1794,  wrote  some  poems. 

Brasbridge,  Joseph.  Fruits  of  Experience,  Lon., 
1S24,  Svo. 

''  Ilere  is  a  gentleman  lives  to  the  ripe  ajie  of  eighty,  and  yet 
must  twaddle  ■  in  boards'  before  he  dies.  Example,  villanous  ex- 
ample!"— Bhicl  nviof/'.s-  Aftif}. 

Brasbridge,  Thomas,  M.B.,  b.  1537,  educated  at 
Magdalen  College.  Oxf.  Poore  Man's  Jewell,  that  is  to 
say,  a  Treatise  of  the  Pestilence,  &c.,  Lon.,  157S,  Svo. 
Quaestiones  in  Officia  M.  Ciceronis,  Oxon.,1615,  Svo.  In- 
terpretation of  Alidi;is  the  Prophet.  1574,  Svo. 

Brasier,  Richard.  Last  Will  and  Confession  of  the 
Christian  Faith,  made  in  the  4  Yearc  of  the  Raigne  of 
King  Edward  the  6,  Lon.;  by  John  Day,  Svo. 

Brasse,  John,  d.  1833,  educated  at  Trinity  College, 
Cambridge.  Greek  Gradus,  Lon.,  1827,  Svo.  He  edited 
four  plays  of  Sophocles,  with  English  notes. 

Brasse,  Samuel.     Ship  of  Arms,  Lon.,  1653,  12mo. 

Braithwait,  Braithwaite,  Brathwaite,  or 
Braithwayte,  Richard,  1588-1673.  a  native  of  War- 
cop,  Westmorehind,  was  entered  of  Oriel  College,  Oxford, 
at  the  age  of  16. 

"  He  avoided  as  much  as  he  could  the  rou?h  paths  of  lojric  and 
philosophy,  and  traced  those  smooth  ones  of  poetry  and  lloman 
history,  in  which  at  length  he  did  excel." — Athcn.  Oxon. 

He  subsequently  removed  to  Cambridge, 

"  Where  he  spent  some  time  fjr  the  sake  of  dead  and  living  au- 
thors." 

He  settled  down  into  an  office  in  the  militia,  and  a  sub- 
stantial county  magistrate.  An  excellent  example  to  poets, 
who  are  not  always  of  the  most  sedate  kind.  The  Golden 
Fleece,  Lon.,  1611,  Svo.  Poet's  Willow:  or  the  Passion- 
ate Shepheard,  1614,  Svo.  The  Prodigal's  Tcares.  1614,  Svo. 

"  An  excellent  tract,  written  in  good  style,  and  abounding  with 
sound  morality." 

Schuller's  Medley,  1614,  4to.  Survey  of  History,  1638, 
4to.  Strappado  for  the  Diuell,  1615,  12mo.  Solemne 
Joviall  Disputation,  1617,  and  The  Smoaking  Age,  1617, 
Svo.  Mr.  Bindley  consi<lered  this  one  of  the  scarcest  books 
in  England.  The  plates  by  Marshall  are  his  earliest  pro- 
ductions. The  Good  Wife  :  or  a  rare  one  amongst  Women, 
1618,  Svo;  1619,  Svo. 

"  Taking  this  volume  altogether,  I  think  it  one  of  the  most 
curious  as  well  as  one  of  the  scarcest  books  of  the  period  to  which 
it  belongs." — l>r.  BlL'<s's  Wood's  Athen.  Oxon. 

A  New  Spring  shadowed  in  sundry  Pithie  Poems,  1619, 
4to,  Essaies  upon  the  Five  Senses,  1620,  12mo;  2d  edit., 
1635,  12mo.  Shepheard's  Tales,  1621.  Svo.  Nature's 
Embassie,  1621,  Svo.  Times  Cvrtaine  Drawne,  or  the 
Anatomic   of  Vanitie,    1621,    Svo.     English    Gentleman, 


1630,  4to;  2dedit.,  1633,  4to;  3d  edit.,  1641,  fnl.  English 
Gentlewomen,  1631,  4to.  Whimzics,  1631,  12mo.  Mer- 
curius  Britannicus,  2d  edit.,  1641,  4to.  A  Political  Piece 
on  the  Ship  Money  Que^^tiou.  Barnabee's  Journall,  (and 
Bessie  Bell,  both  in  Latin  and  English  verse)  by  Corym- 
baeus.  [Lon.,  164S-50.]  Drunken  Bamaby's  four  Journeys 
to  the  North  of  England,  in  Latin  and  English  verse, 
2d  edit,  Lon.,  1716,  Svo.  Baruabai  Itinerarium,  or  Barna- 
bee's Journal,  with  a  Life  of  the  Author,  <tc.,  by  Joseph 
Haslewood,  Lon.,  1S20,  12mo,  2  vols.,  125  copies  printed. 
Mr.  Haslewood  had  a  good  claim  to  the  editorial  honour 
of  this  work,  as  he  traced  it  to  its  author. 

'■  Haslewood  hit  the  right  nail  upon  the  head  when  he  found 
out  the  real  author  of  Barnaby,  in  Kichard  Brathwalt;  from  the 
unvarying  designation  of  'On  the  Errata.'  at  the  end  of  IJrath- 
wait's  pieces,  which  is  observable  in  that  of  his  Drunken  Barnar 
by's  Tour,  .  ,  .  The  late  Mr.  Heber  used  to  shout  aloud.  '  Stirk  to 
that.  Haslewood.  and  your  feme  is  fixed.'  .  .  .  His  edition  of  Bar- 
naby's  Tour  exhibited  the  rare  spectacle  of  an  accurate  I^tin  (as 
well  as  English)  text,  by  an  individual  who  did  not  know  the  da- 
tive singular  from  the  dative  plural  of  hio,  hrec,  hoc!" — DibdirCs 
Bibli'imain'ii. 

For  other  jdeces  of  Braithwait's,  see  Lowndes's  Bibliog, 
Manual;  considt  Athen.  Oxon. ;  Censura  Literaria:  Biog. 
Dramat. ;  Warton's  Hist.  Eng.  Poetry  ;  Ellis's  Specimens. 

'*  Brathwait's  merits  are  undoubtedly  very  considerable.  Some 
of  his  pieces  are  capable  of  affording  instruction  and  delight.  He 
was  a  most  e.-itraordinary  man  in  poi>try  and  in  prose." — Dibdin. 

Anthony  Wood  does  not  give  so  favourable  an  opinion: 

"  He  wrote  and  published  several  works  in  English,  consisting 
of  prose  and  poetry,  biirhly  commended  in  the  a^'e  wherein  \'V,h- 
lished.  but  since  sli'^hted  and  despised  as  frivolous  matters.  ;:iid 
only  to  be  taken  into  the  hands  of  novices.'' — Athen.  Oxon. 

Dr.  Bliss  makes  a  large  addition  to  Anthony's  list  of 
Braithwait's  pieces. 

Brallnvaite,Thomas.  Delivery  of  Rabbits,1726.8vo. 

Brattle,  Thomas,  1657-1713.  a  merchant  of  Boston, 
Massachusetts.  Eclijises  of  the  Sun  and  Moon,  observed 
in  New  England,  Phil.  Trans.,  1704.  Lunar  Eclipse,  New 
England,  in  1707.  He  wrote  a  letter  giving  an  account 
of  the  Witchcraft  Delusion  in  1692,  which  is  preserved  in 
the  Miiss.  Hist.  Collection. 

Brattle,  William,  d.  1717.  aged  54,  a  native  of  Bos- 
ton, Mass..  brother  of  the  preceding,  Minister  of  Cam- 
bridge, Mass.,  pub.  a  System  of  Logic, — Compendium  Lo- 
gical, itc.  It  waa  used  at  Harvard  College.  An  edit,  was 
pub.  in  1758. 

Brawerii,  Henry.  Voyage  to  the  Kingdom  of  Chili 
in  America.     See  ChurchiU's  Voy..  503,  1704. 

Bray,  Mrs.  Anna  Eliza,  daughter  of  John  Kempe, 
Esq.,  a  native  of  Devonshire,  has  gained  great  reputation  by 
a  number  of  popular  works.  Traditions,  Legends,  Super- 
stitions, and  Sketches  of  Devonshire,  on  the  Borders  of  the 
Tamar  and  the  Tavy;  in  a  Series  of  Letters  from  Mrs. 
Bray  to  Robert  Soutliey,  Esq.,  1S38,  3  vols.  p.  Svo, 

'■  The  plan  of  this  work  was  sutrgested  by  Mr.  Southey,  and  the 
writer  has  laboured  with  no  small  diligence.  These  volumes  con- 
tain much  that  is  curious  in  antiijuarianism.  pleasant  in  descrip- 
tion, fascinating  in  tradition,  and  kind-hearted  in  anecdotes  of 
evci-y-d.\v  characters.  We  are  indebted  to  Mrs.  Bray  for  many 
pleasant  hours  from  her  clever  works." — Lon.  Athenreuvi. 

Fitz  of  Fitz-Ford;  a  Legend  of  Devon,   3  vols.  p.  Svo. 

"  These  volumes  are  indeed  an  addition  to  the  hv^h  literary  cha- 
racter of  the  foir  and  popular  writer." — Lon.  Literary  Gazette. 

The  Talba;  or.  Moor  of  Portugal,  3  vols.  p.  Svo.  Trials 
of  the  Heart,  3  vols.  p.  Svo.  Life  of  Thomas  Stothard, 
R.A.,  with  Personal  Reminiscences.  Hlustrated  by  en- 
gravings from  his  chief  works,  printed  in  a  novel  style  of 
art,  1S56,  4to.  For  the  production  of  this  work,  Mrs.  B., 
as  the  daughter-in-law  of  Stothard,  possessed  peculiar 
advantages. 

"  A  more  beautiful  volume  than  this,  is  not  often  issued.  The 
'numerous  illustrations'  have  been  chosen  with  a  sedulous  respect 
for  the  reputation  of  the  graceful  artist  whose  life  was  in  his 
works;  and  they  have  been  rendered  with  most  delicate  care,  there 
being  something  in  the  nature  of  Stothard's  genius  which  lent 
itself,  with  more  than  ordinary  adaptability,  to  this  form  of  pre- 
sentment."— Lon.  Alhe^ifFum. 

Courtenay  of  Walreddon,  3  vols.  p.  Svo.  De  Foix,  3  vols, 
p.  Svo.  Henry  de  Pomeroy,  3  vols.  p.  Svo.  Letters  during 
a  Tour  throu'gh  Normandy,  1818,  4to.  Mountains  and 
Lakes  of  Switzerland,  3  vols.  p.  Svo.  The  Protestant, 
3  vols.  p.  Svo,  Trelawney  of  Trelawne,  3  vols.  p.  Svo. 
Trials  of  Domestic  Life,  3  vols.  p.  Svo.  Warleigh,  or  the 
Fatal  Oath,  3  vols.  p.  Svo.  White  Hoods,  3  vols.  p.  Svo. 
Collective  Edition,  1845,  '46,  10  vols. 

"To  describe  in  detail  Mi-s.  Bray's  works,  or  criticise  minutely 
their  merits,  would  be  superfluous.  So  many  literary  notic?s  have 
appeared  in  testimony  of  their  value,  and  these  the  public  have  so 
fully  corroborated  by  their  patronage,  that  little  remains  but  to 
concur  with  previous  praises  of  this  favourite  authoress's  talents, 
acqiiireniont-i.  and  genius.*' — Lon.  Tinus.  See  also  Lon.  Gent.  Mag. 
I      Bray^  Chas*     Education  of  the  Feelings;    2d  ed.. 


BRA 

Lon.,  18 19,  p.  Svo.  The  Pbilusopby  of  Necessity ;  or,  The 
Law  of  Cuaseciuences  as  Applicable  to  Mental,  Moral,  and 
Social  Science,  1811,  2  vols.  Svo. 

'■  Tlie  topics  in  the  volume  before  us  [the  second]  have  a  current 
interest,  and  are  handled  with  grace  iu  the  view  and  eloquence  in 
the  composition." — Lmi.  Sjie':tator. 

Outlines  of  Social  Systems  and  Communities,  1844, 12mo. 

Bray,  E.  A,  Poems,  Lon.,  17»'J,  12mo.  Idyles.  180(1, 
12mo.  Funeral  Ode  on  Lord  Nelson,  1806,  4to.  Sermons, 
selected,  Lon.,  1818,  Svo.  Discourses  selected  from  tracts 
and  treatises,  1821,  Svo. 

Bray,Roger.  SelectioraApopbthegmata.ic..]631,8vo. 

Bray,  Thomas,  D.D.,  l(i5e-17:)(l,  a  native  of  Martin, 
Shropshire ;  educated  at  Hart  Hall,  O.xford ;  Rector  of 
Sheldon,  1(390.  Iu  1C99  he  was  sent  by  the  Bishop  of  Lon- 
don to  America  as  Ecclesiastical  Commissary  for  Maryland 
and  Virginia.  He  crossed  the  Atlantic  several  times,  and 
was  eminently  useful  iu  his  lalxjurs.  In  1706  he  accepted 
the  living  of  St.  Botoljjb,  Aldgate.  We  notice  some  of  his 
publications :  Bibliotheca  Paroehijilis ;  or,  A  Scheme  of 
such  Theological  and  other  Heads  as  seem  requisite  to  be 
used  or  occasionally  consulted  by  the  llevereud  Clergy, 
together  with  a  Catalogue  of  Books  which  may  be  profit- 
ably read  on  each  of  those  points,  &c.,  Lon.,  1707,  Svo. 
Martyrology,  or  Papal  Usurpation,  1712,  fol. :  intended 
as  a  supplement  to  Fox's  Book  of  Martyrs.  Primordia 
Bibliothecaria,  1726.  Directorium  Missionarium,  1726. 
He  reprinted  the  Ecclesiastes  of  Erasmus,  and  pub.  a 
trans,  of  Perrin's  Hist,  of  the  Old  Waldenses  and  Albi- 
genses,  several  sermons,  &c. 

"  It  is  tu  Dr.  Bray's  exertions  that  that  venerable  and  most  ex- 
tensively useful  association — The  Society  for  the  Propagation  of  the 
Gospel — owes  its  origin." 

In  1746  appeared  Publick  Spirit,  illustrated  in  the  Life 
and  Designs  of  the  Rev.  Tbo.  Bray.  D.D.,  Svo;  again,  by 
Rev.  H.  J.  Todd,  1808,  Svo;  and  in  1S4S  was  pub.  Report 
for  the  Year  1847  of  the  Institution  established  by  the  late 
Rev.  Dr.  Bray  and  his  Assocbites  for  Founding  Clerical 
Libraries  and  Supporting  Negro  Schools,  pp.  40,  12mo. 
For  an  account  of  bis  labours,  see  Publick  Spirit,  <tc.,  or 
Chalmers's  Biog.  Diet. 

Bray,  Thomas,  D.D.     Sermons,  1761,  '6.3. 

Bray,  William.    The  Lord's  Supper,  Lon.,  1641,  4to. 

Bray,  William,  1736-1832.  Sketch  of  a  Tour  in 
Derbyshire  and  Yorkshire,  ,tc.,  Lon.,  1788 :  anon.  His- 
tory and  Antiquities  of  the  County  of  Surrey,  compiled 
from  the  materials  of  the  late  Rev.  Owen  Menning,  1S04, 
'09,  '14,  fol.  Memoirs  of  J.  Evelyn,  Esq.,  ISIS,  2  vols.  4to. 
Con.  to  Archajol.,  17S2,  '94.  Account  of  Henry  Smith, 
Esq..  and  his  Extensive  Charities,  Lon.,  1800,  Svo. 

Bray,  Capt.  William.  Apjical  to  the  Commons, 
1678.  Svo. 

Braybrooke,  Lord,  d.  1S58.  History  of  Audley 
End,  Essex,  r.  4to.  The  Diary  and  Correspondence  of 
Samuel  Pepys,  Esq.,  F.R.S.,  2  vols.  r.  4to;  3d  edit.,  184S, 
5  vols.  p.  Svo;  4th  edit,,  including  all  the  late  important 
MS.  additions  and  upwards  of  2UV  additional  Notes  and 
Letters,  Index,  Ac.,  1854,  4  vols.  r.  Svo. 

'■  The  new  matter  is  exti-emely  curious,  and  occasionally  far 
more  characteristic  and  entertaining  than  the  old." — Lnn.  Athen. 

Brayley,  Edward  Wedlake,  F.S.A.,  1773-1854, 
a  laborious  and  accurate  topographer,  b.  in  London. 
While  an  apprentice  he  Ijecame  acquainted  with  Mr.  John 
liritton,  and  edited,  in  conjunction  with  him,  The  Beauties 
of  England  and  Wales,  1801-23,  25  vols.  Svo;  Plans  of 
Cities  and  Principal  Towns,  1810;  Tower  of  London, 
1830,  <tc.  He  edited,  with  Notes,  Picturesque  Tour 
through  Yorkshire  and  Derbyshire,  by  Ed.  Dayes,  1S05; 
2d  ed.,  1825;  Works  of  Robert  Bloomlield,  1806;  Cowper, 
ISIO;  Defoe's  Journal  of  the  Plague- Year,  1835.  The  fol- 
lowing are  a  portion  of  his  works.  1.  Descriptions  of 
Places  represented  in  Middimau's  Views  and  Antiquities 
of  Great  Britain.  1813,  4to.  2.  Popular  Pastimes,  1S16. 
3.  Delineations,  Historical  and  Topographical,  of  the  Isle 
of  Thanet  and  Cinque  Ports.  1817.  4.  History  and  Anti- 
quities of  the  Abbey  Church  of  St.  Pet<;r,  Westminster, 
1818-23.  5.  The  Ambulator,  1819;  12tb  ed.  6.  Views  in 
Islington  and  PentonviUe,  by  A.  Pugin.  1819.  7.  History 
and  Antiquities  of  the  Cathedral  Church  of  Exeter,  1826- 
27.  8.  Historical  and  Descriptive  Accounts  of  the  Theatres 
of  London,  1827.  9.  Loudoniana;  or.  Reminiscences  of 
the  British  Metropolis,  1829,  4  vols.  10.  Devonshire 
Illustrated,  1829.  11.  Antiquities  of  the  Priory  of  Christ 
Church,  Hants,  &c.,  1834.  12.  Gi-aphic  and  Historical 
Illustl-ator,  1834.  13.  Illustrations  of  her  Majesty's  Palace 
at  Brighton,  by  J.  Nash,  1828.  11.  Topographical  His- 
tory of  Surrey.  1841-48.  5  vols.  r.  Svo,  and  4to. 

Brayley,  Edward  William,  F.R.S..  son  of  the 
preceding,    from   1S22  to  '45  was  one  of  the  editors  of 

2i0 


BRE 

!  Annals  of  Philosophy,  Zoological  Journal,  and  Philo- 
1  sopbical  Magazine,  to  each  of  which  be  contributed  many 
oi-iginal  papers.  The  Utility  of  the  Knowledge  of  Nature 
Considered  with  Reference  to  the  General  Education  of 
Youth,  1831.  Edit.  Parke's  Chemical  Catechism,  18.34; 
Origines  Biblica;  of  Dr.  Chas.  Bcke,  F.S.A. ;  The  Correla- 
tion of  Physical  Forces,  by  W.  R.  Grove,  F.ll.S.,  Ac. 

Brayman,  James  O.,  b.  1815,  in  New  I'ork,  a 
political  writer.  Editor  of  Daring  Deeds  of  American 
Heroes;  Thrilling  Adventures  by  Sea  and  by  Laud. 

Brayne.  1.  Astrology.  2.  The  Trinity,  Lon.,  1653, 
'54,  4to. 

Breake,  Thomas.  Land-Survey ing,  Lon.,  1771,  Svo. 

Breakspear,  Nicholas.    ,See  Adrian  IV. 

Brctk,  Robert.     Sermons,  1728. 

Breck,  Robert,     Sermons,  1775,  '82. 

Breckenridge,  John,  D.D.,  1797-1841,  b.  at  Cabell'a 
Dale.  Ky. ;  grad.  Princeton  Coll.,  ISIS;  an  eminent  Pres- 
byterian divine.  1.  Controversy  with  Bishop  Hughes 
on  Catholicism,  Phil.a.,  1836,  Svo.     2.  Sermons.  Ac. 

Breckenridge,  Robert  Jefferson,  D.D.,  LL.D., 
b.  ISOO,  at  Cabell's  Dale,  Ky.,  brother  of  the  preceding, 
and  son  of  the  Hon.  John  Breckenridge,  author  of  the 
celebrated  Kentucky  Resolutions  of  1798,  Attorney- 
General  under  Jeflt'rson,  Ac.  Dr.  B.  was  educated  for  the 
bar,  and  was  a  member  of  the  Legislature  of  Kentucky  in 
1825-26-27-28;  was  licensed  as  a  minister  in  1832.  and 
became  pastor  of  the  Second  Presbyterian  Church  in  Balti- 
more. In  1845  he  became  President  of  Jefferson  College, 
Penna. ;  pastor  of  the  First  Presbyterian  Church  in  Lex- 
ington, Ky.,  1847-53.  In  the  last-named  year  he  was 
elected  Prof,  of  Theology  in  Centre  Coll.,  Danville,  Ky. 
1.  Papism  in  the  XIX.  Century  in  the  U.S.,  1S41.  2. 
Travels  in  France,  Germany,  Ac,  Phila.,  1839,  12mo. 
3.  Memoranda  of  Foreign  Travel,  1845,  2  vols.  12mo.  4. 
Internal  Evblence  of  Christianity,  1852.  6.  The  Know- 
ledge of  God  Objectively  Considered.  N.Y.,  1S57,  Svo. 
The  second  part  of  this  work — entitled  The  Knowledge  of 
God  Subjectively  Considered — will  be  published  in  1S59. 
Besides  editing  several  periodicals,  Dr.  B.  has  pub.  nu- 
merous articles  and  pamphlets  on  Slavery,  Temperance, 
Popery,  Universalism,  Presbyterianism,  Education,  Agri- 
culture, Politics,  Ac. — which  if  collected  would  entitle 
him  to  the  rank  of  one  of  the  most  voluminous  writers 
of  America. 

Brecknock,  T.     Political  Tracts,  Ac,  1752,  '59,  '60. 

Bredwell,  S.  Razing  the  Foundations  of  Brownism, 
Lon..  IJSS,  4to. 

Bree,  John,  d.  1786.  Sketch  of  this  Kingdom  during 
the  Fourteenth  Century,  vol.  i.,  Lon.,  1791,  4to. 

'■This  is  rather  a  collection  of  materials  for  a  work  on  the  sub- 
ject than  a  treatise  ;  but,  as  tliose  materials  are  chiefly  t.aken  from 
the  best  sources,  though  unskilfully  arranged,  the  volume  is  of 
considerable  value.  The  editor,  however,  possessed  uo  other  qua- 
lifiration  for  his  task  than  ze.al." — Lowndes. 

Bree,  Martin.     Medical  treatise,  Lon.,  1797,  Svo. 

Bree,  Robert,  M.D.    Med.  treatises.  Lon.,  1797-1811. 

Bree,  S.  C.  Designs  for  Italian  Villa  Architecture, 
fol.  Glossary  of  Civil  Engineering,  Svo.  Pictorial  Hlus- 
trations  of  New  Zealand,  iS4S,  fol. ;  67  engravings  by  H. 
Melville. 

"  Those  beautiful  engravings  are  tlie  most  accurate  and  interest- 
ing that  we  possess  of  New  Zealand." 

Railway  Practice,  1837,  Ac,  4  vols.  4to. 
^  "  Tlie  whole  of  the  information  necessary  for  this  treatise  is  de- 
rived fi-om  the  only  legitimate  source, — tlie'direct  conimunications 
of  the  engineers  to  the  sevenil  works  who  have  kindly  sanctioned 
and  promoted  the  undertaking." 

Bree,  W.  T.  The  Plain  Reader's  Help  to  the  Study 
of  the  H(dy  Scriptures,  Coventry,  1821-22,  4to:  extracted 
chiefly  from  D'Oyly  and  Maut. "  See  Home's  Introduction. 

Breen,  H.  II.  Diamond  Rock,  and  other  Poems, 
1849,  12mo.  St.  Lucia:  Historical,  Statistical,  and  De- 
scriptive, 1844,  Svo.  Modern  English  Literature:  its 
Blemishes  and  Defects,  1858.  Svo. 

Breere,  Richard.    On  the  Messiah.  Lon..  1789.  Svo. 

Breintnall,  Joseph.  Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.:  Meteors, 
174(1.     Bite  of  a  Rattlesnake,  1746. 

Breirly,  Roger.  Bundle  of  Soul-Convincing  Truths, 
Edin..  1 117(1. 

Brekell,  John,  d.  about  1775.  Unitarian  minister  of 
Liverpool.  An  Essay  on  the  Hebrew  Tongue,  to  show 
that  the  Helirew  Bible  might  be  originally  read  by  Vowel 
Letters,  without  the  Vowel  Points,  Lon.,  1758,  Svo. 

"  There  are  some  sensible  observations  in  this  small  work,  which 
is  written  on  the  .\nti-Masoretic  system." — Oeme. 

Sermons,  1744-69.     Twenty  Discourses,  1765.  Svo. 

"  More  distinguidhed  for  their  learning  than  their  theology."— 
Orme. 


BRE 

Breme,  Thomas.   Mirrourof  Frienclsbip.  Lnn.,  1584. 
Bremucr,  Itobert.     Musical  treatises,  1760-77. 
Breniiier,  Kobcrt.      Excursions  iu  the  luterior  of 
Russia,  2  vols.  p.  tivo,  18."i9. 
■■  A  very  spirited  and  f^mphicTiarrative."' — Kobert  Chambers. 
Excursions  in  Denmark,  Norway,  and  Sweiien,  2  vols. 
8to,  1S40. 

*■  Mr.  Bremner  is  a  lively  scene-painter,  and  there  is  great  fresh- 
ness and  viirour  about  .all  his  descriptions." — Ibi'I. 

Brenaii,  John,  M.D.     Puerperal  Fever.  1S14,  Sto. 
Brenan,  Jiistiu.  Composition  and  Punctuation,  1S39, 
18mo.    Old  and  New  Logic  contrasted,  6th  ed..  184S,  ISmo. 
"This  treatise  is  particularly  interesting  to  pai-ents,  as  it  also 
takes  a  plain  view  of  classic  literature,  and  thus  they  will  be  en- 
abled to  jud;;e  li>r  themselves  on  two  very  important  points — the 
reasonin;.:  and  the  morality  that  their  sons  learn  in  Universities." 
Foreigner's    English    Conjugator,     12rao.       Utility    of 
Latin  discussed,  ISmo.     The  National  Debt. 

Brenan,  M.  J.  Ecclesiastical  History  of  Ireland  to 
1829,  1848,  8vo.  Includes  dates  of  Religious  Founda- 
tions, of  Priories.  Convents,  Synods,  College.",  ic. 

Brende,  John.  The  Historie  of  Quintus  Curtius, 
Lon.,  1.553,  4to ;  translated  from  the  Latin.  Two  Sermons 
by  S.  Ciprian  ;  trans,  into  English,  Svo. 

Brent,  Charles.     Theolog.  treatises,  Lon.,  1702-28. 
Brent,  Charles.  Compendious .'\strimomer,Lon.. 1741. 
Brent,  J.  1.  Battle  Cross,  Lon.,  .3  vols.  p.  Svo.    2.  Ellis 
Forrester,  3  vols.  p.  Svo.     3.  Sea-Wolf,  12mo. 

Brent,  Sir  IVathaniel,  lo73~1652,  a  native  of  Little 
Woolford.  Warwickshire,  entered  of  Merton  College,  Ox- 
ford, and  took  B.A.  1593.  He  married  a  niece  of  Dr. 
George  Abbott.  Archbishop  of  Canterbury.  He  trans. 
Father  Paul  Sarpi's  History  of  the  Council  of  Trent,  from 
the  Itali.an  into  English  and  Latin,  Lon.,  1619,  fol.,  1640, 
1676.  Father  Paul's  (and  Fulgentio's)  History  has  been 
highly  commended. 

"  This  work  is  a  beautiful  monument  of  the  History  of  Religion, 
the  most  curious  part  of  the  History  of  the  Human  Mind,  for 
those  who  can  soar  above  the  prejudices  of  sects  and  parties." — 
Gibbon. 

"This  work  is  ju.stly  entitled  to  be  placed  among  the  most  ad- 
mired historical  compositions." — Dr.  Robertson. 

Brent  also  trans,  from  the  Latin,  Mr.  Francis  Mason's 

Vindication  of  the  Church   of  England,  concerning  the 

Consecration  and  Ordination  of  the  Bishops,  Ac,  1625.  fol. 

"  It  is  a  complete  refutation  of  the  old  story  of  the  Nag's  Head 

ordinatinn."' 

Brent,  William.  Nature  of  Eternity,  Lon.,  1655. 
Breutou,  Kdvvard  Pelham,  1774-1839,  Captain 
R.N.,  founder  of  the  Children's  Friend  Society,  and  a 
promoter  of  other  philanthropic  enterprises.  1.  The  Naval 
History  of  Great  Britain  from  the  Year  1783  to  1822,  Lon., 
1823,  5  vols.  Svo ;  new  ed.,  1836,  2  vols.  Svo.  2.  A  Re- 
futation of  the  Statement  of  Admiral  Sir  George  Mon- 
tague, 1823,  Svo.  3.  Life  of  Earl  St.  Vincent,  G.C.B., 
1838,  2  vols.  Svo. 

"To  Captaiu  Brenton  we  feel  infinite  gratitude  for  this  valuable 
addition  to  onr  literature;  and  when  we  also  call  to  mind  the 
merit  of  his  Naval  History,  we  may  justly  pronounce  him  to  have 
taken  his  place  among  the  foremost  of  those  authors  who  have 
done  honour  to  their  own  p-itriotism,  to  their  profession,  and  to 
their  native  land." — Lon.  Literary  Gazette. 

The  Bible  and  Spade.  See  Memoir  of,  by  his  Brother, 
Sir  J.  Brenton,  1842,  Svo. 

Brenton,  Sir  Jahleel,  K.C.B.,  1770-1844,  Rear- 
Admiral  R.N.,  brother  of  the  above.  1.  The  Hope  of 
the  Navy,  Lon.,  1S39,  12mo.  2.  Appeal  to  the  British 
Nation :  2d  ed.,  1841,  ISmo.  3.  Memoir  of  Captain 
E.  P.  Brenton,  1842,  Svo.  4.  Coast  i'isheries,  1843,  Svo. 
See  Memoir  and  Services  of,  by  Henry  Raikes,  1845, 
Svo. 

Brerely,  John,  the  assumed  name  of  James  Ander- 
ton  or  Anderson.     Sec  Anderton,  James. 

Brereton,  C.  D.  Administration  of  Poor-Laws  in 
Agricult.  Districts,  Lon.,  Svo.  A  Catechism  of  the  Seven 
Sacrameuts,  1834,  Svo. 

Brereton,  Henry.  Newes  of  the  Present  Miseries 
of  Rushia,  occasioned  by  the  late  Warre  in  that  Countrey, 
Lon.,  1614,  4to :  Gordonston  sale,  379,  £1  19». 

Brereton,  Jane,  1685-1740,  a  native  of  Flintshire, 
daughter  of  a  gentleman  of  learning  named  Hughes,  con- 
tributed, under  the  name  of  Melissa,  to  the  Gentleman's 
Magazine.  A  volume  of  her  Poems,  with  Letters,  and  an 
account  of  her  Life,  was  pub.  Lon.,  1744,  Svo. 

'•  Mrs.  Brereton  was  amiable  in  every  relation  of  life,  and  dis- 
pLayed  some  talents  for  versification,  if  not  for  poetry."  See  Cen- 
Bura  Literaria.  vii.  "ill. 

Brereton,  John.     Relation  of  the  Discovery  of  the 

North  Part  of  Virginia.  Lon.,  1702,  4to.     A  copy  is  in 

the  Brit.  Museum.    Bindley,  pt.  1, 1293.  Jadis,  £5  15«.  6ii. 

Brereton,  Owen  Salisbury,  1715-1798,  a  learned 


BRE 

English  lawyer,  educated  at  Westminster,  and  at  Trinity 
College,  Cambridge.  He  contributed  to  the  Archa!ologia, 
Observations  on  Peter  CoUinson's  account  of  the  Round 
Towers  in  Ireland  ;  Tour  through  South  Wales  ;  Extracts 
from  the  Household-Book  of  Henry  VIII.:  Account  of  a 
painted  Window  in  Brereton  Church,  Cheshire  ;  A  Non- 
descript Coin.  See  .ArchEeol.  iii.,  1774;  also  Phil.  Trans., 
1781 :  and  Chalmers's  Biog.  Diet. 

Brereton,  Thomas.  Sermon  on  Prov.  i.  10,  Svo, 
Brereton,  William.  His  Case,  Lon.,  1779. 
Brerewood,  Edward,  1565-1615,  a  mathematician 
and  antiquary,  admitted  of  Brasenose  College.  1581, 
chosen  Professor  of  Astronomy  in  Gresham  College.  1596. 
De  Ponderibus  et  Pretiis  veterum  Nummorum,  &c.,  Lon., 
1614,  4to;  repub.  by  W.alton,  in  the  Preliminary  Disserta- 
tions to  the  Polyglot.  Enquiries  touching  the  diversities 
of  Languages  and  Religions  through  the  chief  parts  of 
the  World,  Lon.,  1614,  '22,  '35,  4to;  1674,  Svo;  trans,  into 
Latin,  German,  and  French. 

"  The  people  of  America  are  the  progeny  of  the  Tartars."  See 
p.  96. 

"  There  is  a  good  deal  of  learning  iu  this  small  work,  partly  of 
a  biblical  nature,  and  partly  relating  to  Church  History." — Orme. 
"  A  very  learned  work." — Dr.  1'arr. 

See  Oldys's  Brit.  Liljrarian,  p.  159-162.  Brerewood 
wrote  Treatises  on  the  Sabbath,  1630,  '32,  and  some  other 
works.     See  Athen.  Oxon. 

Brerewood,  Thomas.  Galfred  and  Juletta,  or  the 
Road  of  Nature;  a  Talc.  Lon.,  1772,  3  vols.  4to. 

Brest,  Vincent.     Medical  Treatises,  Lon.,  1732,  &c. 
Bretland,  Joseph,  1742-IS19,  a  Unitarian  minister 
of  Exeter,  England.     Sermons,  Exeter,  2  vols.  Svo,  1820. 
"  His  sermons  are  marked  by  a  chaste  and  correct  style  of  com- 
position."— Lfiii.  Miinthly  R'positnry. 

Breton,  Beeton,  or  Brittou,  John,  d.  1275, 
Bishop  of  Ilereford,  a  native  of  England,  was  noted  for 
his  knowledge  of  the  Civil  and  Common  Law.  He  made 
a  digest  of  the  Laws  of  England,  which  Leland  tells  us 
was  of  great  use  in  its  day. 
Breton,  John.  Sermon,  1714,  Svo. 
Breton,  Nicholas,  1555-1624,  supposed  to  have  been 
of  a  Staffordshire  family,  pub.  a  number  of  poetical  pieces, 
a  list  of  which  will  be  found  in  Ritson's  Bibl.  Poetica, 
and  in  Lowndes's  Brit.  Bibliographer.  Sir  Egerton 
Brydges  printed  in  1815,  r.  4to,  an  edition  of  Breton's 
Melancholike  Humours,  with  Critical  Preface;  of  this  re- 
pub.,  privately  printed,  only  100  copies  were  struck  off. 

"  Nicholas  Breton,  a  writer  of  pastorals,  sonnets,  canzons,  and 
madri'.-.als.  in  which  kind  of  writing  he  keeps  company  with  several 
other  contemporarv  amiulators  of  Spenser  and  Sir  t'hilip  Sidney, 
in  a  pulilist  collection  of  selected  odes  of  the  chief  pastoral  sou- 
netteers.  Ac.  of  that  aire." — Phillips's  Tlimtriim  Pwtarutn. 

"The  ballad  of  Phillida  and  Corydon,  reprinted  by  Percy,  is  a 
delicious  little  poem ;  and  if  we  are  to  judge  from  this  specimen, 
his  poetical  powers,  for  surely  he  must  have  had  the  powers  of  a 
poet,  were  distuv-'uished  by  a" simplicity  at  once  easy  and  elegant." 
— Sir  Egerton  Brydoes. 

Breton,  William.  Militia  Discipline,  Lon.,  1717,  Svo. 
Breton,  William  Henry,  Lieutenant  R.N.      Ex- 
cursions in  New  South  Wales,  1830-33,  Lon.,  Svo.     Scan- 
dinavian Sketches ;  or,  A  Tour  in  Norway,  Svo. 

"This  will  bo  found  to  be  by  far  the  most  useful  guide  to  the 
tourist  in  Norw.ay.  This  second  edition  contains  much  valuable 
information  to  the  Scandinavian  angler." 

Brett,  Arthur.  The  Restauration,  or  a  Poem  on  the 
Return  of  Charles  II.  to  his  Kingdom.  Lon.,  1660,  4to. 
Threnodin,  (ir  the  Death  of  the  Duke  of  Gloticester,  Oxon., 
1660,  4to.  Patientia  Victrix ;  or  the  Book  of  Job  in  Lyrie 
Verse,  Lon.,  1661,  Svo. 

"This  person,  who  was  a  great  pretender  to  poetry by  his 

folly  grew  so  pi^ir.  being  as  I  conceive,  somewhat  ci-azed.  th.at  he 
desired  the  almes  of  gentlemen,  especially  of  Oxford  scholars,  whom 
he  accidentally  met  with  iu  London." — Athen.  Orrm. 

Brett,  Capt.  John,  R.N.  Trans,  of  Discourses  and 
Essays  from  Feyjoo,  1777-80. 
Brett,  Joseph.  Sermons,  1704,  '15. 
Brett,  Richard,  1561-1637,  educated  at  Hart  Hall, 
Oxford,  was  one  of  the  translators  of  the  authorized  ver- 
sion of  the  Holy  Scriptures.  Vitse  Sanctorum  Evangelist. 
Joh.annis  et  Luca;,  Ac,  Oxon.,  1597,  Svo.  Agatharchidis 
et  Memnonis  Historicorum,  Ac,  Oxon.,  1597,  16mo.  Ico- 
num  Sacrarum  deeas,  &c.,  Oxon.,  1603,  4to. 

"  He  was  a  person  famous  in  his  time  for  learning  as  well  as  piety, 
skill'd  and  vers'd  to  a  criticism  in  the  Latin,  Greek,  Hebrew.  Chal- 
d.%ic.  and  /Kthiopic  tongues.  He  was  a  most  vigilant  pastor,  a  dili- 
gent preacher  of  God's  word,  a  Iiber.al  benefactor  to  the  poor,  a 
faithful  friend,  and  a  good  neighhour."— Allien.  Oion. 

Brett,  Samuel,  "  Captain  of  a  ship  of  Malta,  against 
the  Turks,  in  assistance  to  the  Venetians,"  published  a  most 
interesting  pamphlet,  Lon.,  1655,  4to.  giving  an  account 
of  his  Observations  in  his  Travels  beyond  the  Se.as.  includ- 
ing A  Narrative  of  the  Proceedings  of  a  great  Council  of 


BRE 

Jews,  assembled  in  the  Plain  of  Ageda.  in  Hungary,  about 
thirty  leagues  distant  from  Buda,  to  examine  the  Scriptures 
concerning  Christ,  on  the  Twelfth  of  October,  1650.  By 
Samuel  Brett,  there  present. 

"  At  the  Plato  aboye  named,  thfire  assembled  about  three  hun- 
dred Rabbles,  called  together  from  several  Parts  of  the  World  to 
examioe  the  Scriptures  concerning  Christ.  .  .  .  The  King  of  Hun- 
gary did  allow  that  some  Assistants  should  be  scut  from  Kome; 
and  their  Coming  thither  did  prove  a  great  unhapniness  to  this 
hopeful  Council." 

On  the  seventh  dayof  the  Council,  they  called  in  to  their 
aid  six  of  the  Roman  Clergy.  "  sent  by  the  Pope  to  assist 
in  this  Council."  The  instructions  of  the  priests  were  no. 
at  all  relished  by  the  Jews,  for 

'■  As  soon  as  the  .'Issembly  had  heard  these  Thinjs  from  them, 
they  were  generally  and  exceedingly  troubled  theieat.and  fell  into 
high  Clamours  against  them  and  their  Religion,  crving  nut,  No 
Christ,  no  Woman-God,  no  Intercession  of  Saints,  no  AV-.i^hipping 
of  Images,  no  Praying  to  the  Virgin  Mary.  &c.  Trulv  tli.ii  Ti.in- 
ble  hereat  was  so  great,  that  it  troubled  me  to  see  their'impaticuce: 
they  rent  their  Cloaths  and  cast  Dust  upon  their  Heads,  and  cried 
out,  Bhisphomy.  Blasphemy !  and.  upon  this,  the  Council  broke 
np.  ...  I  do  believe  there  were  many  Jews  there,  that  would  have 
been  persuaded  to  own  the  Lord  Jesus;  and  this  I  .assure  you  for 
a  Trutii.  and  it  is  for  the  Honour  of  our  Religion,  and  the  Encou- 
ragement of  our  Divines,  one  eminent  Kabbi  there  did  deliver  his 
Opini.iu.  in  Conference  with  me,  th.at  he  at  first  feared  that  those 
which  were  sent  from  Rome  would  cause  an  unhappy  Period  to 
their  Council;  and  professed  to  me.  that  he  much  desired  the  Pre- 
sence of  some  FrnUstitnt  Divines,  and  espR<'i.ally  of  our  English  Di- 
vines, of  whom  he  had  a  better  Opinion  than  of  any  other  Divines 
in  the  World." 

This  very  curious  pamphlet  was  reprinted  in  vol.  i.  of 
The  llarlcian  Jlisecllany,  and  vol.  i.of  The  Phcenix,  p.  54:5. 

Brett,  Thomas,  1667-1743,  a  native  of  Bettishanger, 
Kent,  admitted  of  Queen's  College,  Cambridge,  1684,  and 
Corpus  Christi,  1689;  Rector  of  Bettishanger.  1703.  and 
of  Rackinge,1705;  received  into  communion  with  the  Non- 
jurors, 1715,  He  was  a  voluminous  writer  of  controversial 
pieces.  His  Dissertation  on  the  Principal  Liturgies  used 
by  the  Christian  Church  in  the  celebration  of  the  Holy 
Eucharist,  pub.  1720,  has  been  highly  commended. 

".\o  man  can  seriouslv  peruse  the  wiit'ings  of  Brett  relative  to 
i^j  Liturgies  of  the  Primitive  Churches,  without  bein"  impressed 
with  the  importance  of  the  subject."— W..We)i  on  Tiuclilion. 

His  Collection  of  the  different  Liturgies,  with  a  Disser- 
tation on  them,  also  appeared  in  1720.  In  1743  was  inib. 
his  Letter  to  a  Clergyman,  showing  whv  our  English  Bibles 
differ  so  much  from  the  Scptuagint,  though  both  are  trans- 
lated from  the  Hebrew  Original,  Svo.  The  2d  edit,  en- 
larged, and  pub.  from  the  author's  MS.  after  his  death, 
appeared  in  1760,  Svo.  It  was  repub.  in  Bishop  Watson's 
Collection  of  Theolog.  Tracts,  vol.  iii. 

"It  is  an  excellent  dissertation,  and  cannot  fiiil  of  liein»  very 
usefu  to  .such  as  have  not  leisure  or  npportunitv  to  consult  Dr. 
Hody  s  boolt.  De  Bibliorum  Textihus."— Bishop  Watson. 

Brett,  W.  H.     Indian  Missions  in  Guiana,  8vo. 

•■  An  interesting  volume,  well  calculated  for  helping  forward  the 
thur.h  s  missions,  liy  inducing  persons  to  consider  the  subject, 
who  would  put  aside  mere  offlcial  statements  and  raper.s."— £iioi,s/i 
C/turclimtin.  ^ 

■■The  volume  before  us  will  tell  the  nature  of  the  wmk  which  is 
being  ,|ui..tlv  done  by  the  missionaries  of  the  Society  for  the  Pi-o- 
I>^^''''' .'  ""■  Gospel  in  Foreign  Vnrts."— English  iteriem. 

Brettiuirhara,  Matthew.  Rem.arks  on  several  Parts 
of  Europe.  L.m..  1723.  '25.  '28,  '38.  4  vols.  fol. 

Brettingham,  Matthew.  Plans,  Elevations,  and 
bections  of  Holkhara  in  Norfolk,  the  Seat  of  the  Earl  of 
Leicester,  Lon.,  1761,  atlas  fol. ;  enlarged,  1773.  See  Wal- 
pole  s  Works,  vol.  iii.,  179S. 

Breues,  John.     The   Fortune    Hunlers 
The  Fortunate  Lovers,  1754, 
1755,  Svo. 

Breval,  Dr.  Sermons.  1670.  fol. 
<■'?/'"?',"''  •'"''"  I*'"'a"t  de,  a  captain  under  the  Duke 
of  Marlborough,  a  son  of  Dr.  Breval,  Prebendary  of  West- 
minster, was  educated  at  Trinity  College,  Cambridge,  Re- 
marks on  Several  Parts  of  Europe,  Lon..  172:!-3S,  4  vols, 
in  2,  fol.  The  Confederates  ;  a  F.nrce,  1717.  Svo  :  this  hits 
a  side  blow  at  Three  Hours  after  Marriage,  the  unfortunate 
bantling  of  Pope,  Arbuthuot,  and  Gay;  though  bearing 
the  name  of  the  latter  only. 

"  On  which  account  Mr.  Pope,  who  never  could  forgive  the  least 
attempt  made  against  his  reigning  the  unrivalled  sovereign  in  the 
throne  of  wit.  has  introauced  this  gentleman  [Breral]  into  that 
poetic.ll  pillory.  Tht  Duriciad,  among  the  various  authors  whom  he 
ha.s  supposed  devotees  of  the  goddess  of  Dulness. '— ftos.  Oranwl 

I  lie  History  of  the  House  of  Nassau,  Ac,  1734,  Svo 
Other  works. 

Brevard,  Joseph.  An  Alphabetical  Digest  of  the 
Public  Statute  Law  of  S.  Carolina,  Phila.,  1814,  3  vols,  Svo 

>„V;i  ""•"?"."""  "t  *,'■'*  '^'"<'>^'  ™s  ""'  sanctioned  nor  adopted 
by  the  legislature  of  the  State,  but  the  convenient  arr.angement 
w,bl  ''■■""'"K  »nd  accuracy  of  the  compiler,  rendered  it  an  ac- 
ceptable and  authoritative  work."-if„rr!n's  Legal  Bibl. 


1753,    Svo. 
The  Chain  of  Fate, 


BRE 

Reports  of  .Judicial  Decisions  in  S.  Carolina  1793-1815 
Cbarleston,  1840,  3  vols.  Svo. 

Brevint,  Dauiel,  1616-1695,  a  native  of  Jersey,  Fel- 
low of  Jesus  College,  Oxford,  1038;  Prebendary  of  Dur- 
ham, 1661  ;  Dean  of  Lincoln,  1681.  Missale  Romanum, 
or  the  depth  and  mystery  of  the  Roman  Mass  laid  open  and 
explained,  for  the  use  of  both  reformed  and  unreformed 
Christians,  Oxf.,  1672,  Svo.  The  Christian  Sacrament  and 
Sacrifice,  Ac,  Oxf.,  1673,  Svo.  The  above  two  works  were 
pub.  in  one  vol.,  Oxf.,  1847,  Svo.  Dr.  AVaterlaud  had  ex- 
pressed his  desire  to  see  a  reprint: 

"  Dr.  Brevint  was  well  read  in  the  Eucharistie  Sacrifice;  no  man 
understood  it  better ;  which  may  appear  from  two  tracts  of  his  upon 
the  subject,  small  ones  both,  but  extremely  fine.  He  stood  upon 
the  ancient  ground,  looked  upon  evangelical  duties  as  the  true 
oblation  and  sacrifice,  resolved  the  sacrifice  of  the  Eucharist,  ac- 
tively considered,  solely  into  them ;  and  he  explained  the  practical 
uses  of  that  doctrine  in  so  clear,  so  lively,  and  so  affecting  a  way, 
tilat  we  shall  scarce  meet  with  any  thing  on  the  subject  tliat  can 
justly  be  thought  to  exceed  it,  or  even  come  up  to  it.  I  could 
heartily  join  my  wishes  with  a  late  learned  writer  that  that  excel- 
lent little  book,  entitled  The  Christian  Sacrament  and  Sacrifice, 
might  be  reprinted  for  the  honour  of  God,  and  the  benefit  of  the 
Church." 

Saul  and  Samuel  at  Endor,  or  the  new  waies  of  Salvation 
and  Service  which  usually  tempt  men  to  Rome  and  detain 
them  there,  truely  represented  and  refuted,  Oxf.,  1674, 
1688.  Svo.     Ecclcsioe  Primitivae,  Ac.     Other  works. 

Brewer,  Anthony,  a  dramatic  writer  temp.  James  I. 
Country  Girl,  C,  1047,  4to.  Love-sick  King,  Trag.  Hist., 
1655,  4to.  The  two  preceding  are  the  pieces  which  "  wri- 
ters in  gencr.al"  ascribe  to  Brewer.  Winstanley  and  Phil- 
lips make  him  the  writer  of  six  plays.  Kirknian,  Jacob, 
and  Gildou  allow  him  but  two.  Laugbaine  denies  Winstan- 
ley's  assertion  that  Lingua,  or  the  Comljat  of  the  Tongue 
and  the  Five  Senses  for  Snperiority,1607,  4to,was  written  by 
Brewer.  This  piece  has  become  famous  from  the  story  that 
'■  At  the  first  performance  of  this  play  at  Trinity  College.  Cam- 
bridge, Oliver  Cromwell  personated  the  part  of  Tactus,  from  which 
he  tu-st  imbibed  his  ambitious  sentiments." 

See  an  interesting  discussion  of  this  subject  in  the  Biog. 
Dramat. :  "Brewer,  Anthony." 

Brewer,  E.  C,  D.D.,  of  Trinity  Hall,  Cambridge, 
Head  Master  of  King's  College  School  in  union  with  King's 
College,  London.  A  Guide  to  Roman  History.  Allison's 
Guide  to  English  History,  entirely  rewritten,  and  greatly 
improved.  Poetical  Chronology  of  Inventions,  Discoveries, 
Ac,  12mo.  Arithmetical  Tables.  School  Recitations,  12mo. 
System  of  Book-Keeping,  12ino.  Key  to,  by  Double  En- 
try, 12mo.  Guide  to  Scientific  Knowledge  of  Things  Fami- 
liar, 18mo,  Lon.,  1850.  Keyto,  18mo.  This  work  has  un- 
doubtedly proved  one  of  the  most  useful  of  the  age. 

"  As  a  book  of  reference  its  worth  is  unparalleled ;  as  a  book  of 
instruction  it  is  no  less  valuable;  and  as  a  volume  taken  up  to 
pass  a  pleasant  h.alf  hour  or  so,  it  will  be  found  exceedingly  at- 
tr.active  and  interesting." — Magazine  of  Scieno^, 

"Asa  School  Book  it  is  invaluable,  for  it  contains  an  amount  of 
information  never  before  compressed  in  any  volume  of  the  same 
dimensions." — English  Juurnal  of  Eilucation. 

"  We  cordially  commend  it  to  all  who  liave  to  do  with  the  sub- 
ject of  education." — Chrisli<in   Wi/in-^^. 

■'  It  is  a  most  charming  family  b.mk.  and  cannot  fail  to  interest 
all  classes  of  \^<^"p]<:"~Eva7tgrHcal  Magazine. 

'■  It  will  be  iiniwis.sjlile  to  dip  info  this  charming  little  volume, 
open  it  at  whatever  jiart  you  may.  without  deliirht.  Every  page 
is  calculated  to  rivet  the  attention,  and  to  show  how  interesting  is 
the  study  of  useful  knowledge."— iai<c<i(i<mni  I'imes. 

This  work  attained  such  great  popularity  as  soon  as  pub- 
lished, th.at  25,000  copies  were  i>rinted  in  about  two  years. 
Mr.  Robert  E.  Peterson,  of  Philadelphia,  made  it  the 
basis  of  bis  Familiar  Science,  or  the  Scientific  Explana- 
tion of  Common  Things,  making  such  additions,  altera- 
tions, Ac  as  to  greatly  improve  the  value  of  the  work. 
This  volume  (pub.  by  Childs  A  Peterson,  Philadelphia) 
has  had  a  very  extensive  sale,  and  may  be  warmly  com- 
mended as  a  desirable-manual  for  the  school,  the  library, 
or  the  parlour  table.     80,000  sold  in  four  years. 

"I  consider  the  book  a  valuable  contribution  to  our  mwins  of 
instrutdion  in  schools,  and  hope  to  see  it  generally  intio.tueed  and 
u.sed  by  teachers.  Fathers  of  families  also,  wht  are  iww  fre.iucutly 
puzzled  by  tile  questions  of  the  young  philosophers  of  their  liouse- 
holds.  will  do  well  to  procure  a  cojiy.  and  avoid  s.iving  so  often 
I  do  not  know.' "-Prof.  Wm.  II.  Allex,  President  of  Oirard 
CUlfge. 

"Familiar  Science  embodies  a  vast  amount  of  facts  and  princi- 
ples relating  to  the  several  branches  of  natuml  science,  judiciou.sly 
selected  and  arranged,  and  very  useful  to  awaken  inquiry  in  the 
young,  and  form  a  taste  for  such  studies."— Rev.  Lvman  C'olemas. 
"  I  consider  the  volume  n  yalu.able  accession  to  Christian  scien- 
tific literature,  and  worthy  a  place  in  every  family  and  in  every 
academy  or  school.*' — Rev."  Da.  DcRBlx. 

"It  contains  a  vast  amount  of  useful  inforniation  on  subjects 
which  force  themselves  upon  the  attention  both  of  old  and  young, 
and  it  is  likely  to  cultivate,  in  those  wbn  read  it.  habits  of  inquiry 
and  reflection." — Ri.  Rev.  Alonzo  Potter. 


BRE 


BRE 


Brewer,  George,  b.  1766.  pub.  a  nunibcr  of  works, 
nmnng  wluL-h  are.  The  History  of  Tom  We^ttm,  Lon.,  1791, 
2  vols.,  12nio.  Maxims  of  Gallautry,  17U:i,  Svo.  The 
Mutto,  1795,  2  vols.  12mo.  The  Rigbts  of  the  Poor  Con- 
sidered, 1800,  Svo.  Debtor  and  Creditor.  18116,  Svo.  How 
to  be  Happy,  1814,  12mo.     Hours  of  Leisure,  1S06, 12mo. 

Brewer,  Henry.     See  Brawern. 

Brewer,  J,  N.,  a  miscellaneous  writer.  A  Winter's 
Tale,  1799,  4  vols.  12mo.  An  old  Family  Leu'cnd.  1811,  4 
vols.  12mo.  History  of  Oxfordshire,  181.S.  Intrfiduc.  to 
the  Beauties  of  England  and  Wales,  1814,  Svo.  The  Pic- 
ture of  England,  Lon.,  1820,  12mo.  Account  of  Palaces 
and  Public  Buildings,  1810,  4to.  Histrionic  Tt)pography, 
Lon..  1818.  Svo.  Beauties  of  Ireland,  Lon.,  1826.  2  vols.  Svo. 

BreAVer,  J.  S.,  Professor  of  English  Literature  in 
King's  College,  London.  1.  Elementary  Atlas  of  History 
and  Geography,  Lon.,  1855,  r.  Svo.  2.  Monumonta  Fran- 
ciscana,  &i\,  1858:  see  Lon.  Athen.,  July  ol,  1858,  129. 
See  Thorkhikk.  Hf.rbkrt. 

Brewer,  James,  M.D.  Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1700: 
Beds  of  Oyster  Shells  near  Reading,  Berkshire. 

Brewer,  Rev.  Josiah,  b.  1796,  Mass.,  grad.  Yale 
Coll.  For  ten  years  a  missionary  to  the  Levant.  Resi- 
dence at  Constantinople  in  1827,  Svo.  Patmos,  and  the 
Seven  Churches  of  Asia,  1851. 

BreAver,  Thomas.  The  Weeping  Lady  ;  or  London 
like  Ninivie  in  Sackcloth,  Lon.,  1625,  4to.  Bib.  Anglo- 
Poet.,  £3  13s.  Q(l.  A  Knot  of  Fooles,  Lon.,  1653,  4to.  In 
Brit.  Museum,     Roxburghe,  3380,  £3. 

Brewertou,  T.  Le  Gay.  Chemical  Con.  to  Nic. 
Jour..  1810. 

Brewster,  Celestia  A.,  born  1812  in  Mass.  Bloss*s 
Ancient  History  and  Heroines  of  the  Crusades,  &c. 

Brew^ster,  Sir  David,  LL.D.  and  K.H.,  one  of  the 
most  distinguished  of  modern  experimental  philosophers, 
was  born  at  Jedburgh,  Scotland,  Dec.  11,  1781.  He  stu- 
died at  the  University  of  Edinburgh,  where  he  became 
intimate  with  Dugald  Stewart,  Playfair,  and  Robison. 
In  1808  he  undertook  the  editorship  of  the  Edinburgh  En- 
cyclopedia, which  was  not  completed  until  1830.  He  re- 
ceived the  honorary  degree  of  LL.D.  from  the  University 
of  Aberdeen  in  1807,  and  in  ISOB  was  elected  a  Fellow  of 
the  Royal  Society  of  Edinburgh.  In  1813  he  pub.  his 
Treatise  on  New  Philosophical  Instruments.  In  con- 
junction with  Professor  Jameson,  in  1819,  he  established 
the  Edinburgh  Philosophical  Journal;  this  work  contains 
contributions  by  Herschel,  Humboldt.  Blumenbach,  Prout, 
and  other  eminent  philosophers.  Subsc'iuently  Sir  David 
commenced  the  Edinburgh  Philosophical  Journal,  of  which 
16  vols,  appeared.  In  1S15  the  Institute  of  France  elected 
Dr.  Brewster  a  corresponding  member,  and  be  has  been 
similarly  honoured  by  the  Royal  Academie.s  of  Russia, 
Prussia,  Sweden,  and  Denmark.  In  1831  he  received  the 
decoration  of  the  Hanoverian  Guelphie  Order,  and  in  1832 
he  was  knighted  by  William  IV.  A  higher  honour  was  in 
reserve  for  him:  by  the  death  of  Berzelius,  a  vacancy  oc- 
curred in  the  number  (never  mure  than  eight)  of  the  Fo- 
reign Associate  Members  of  the  National  Institute  of 
France  ; — Sir  David  was  elected. 

"  The  eight  assocLate  members  of  the  Ins-titute  are  generally  re- 
garded as  the  eight  greatest  cCUbres  in  thw  learned  world." — La 

Sir  David's  first  wife  was  a  daughter  of  the  celebrated 
Macpherson,  the  editor — or  author,  as  opinions  vary — of 
Ossian. 

"Sir  David  Brewster's  numerous  writings  take  in  a  wide 
range  of  science.  His  most  valuable  scientific  papers  are 
published  in  the  'Transactions'  of  the  Royal  Societies  of 
London  and  of  Edinburgh.  Among  the  more  important 
are:  1.  On  a  new  Analysis  of  Solar  light,  indicating  three 
primary  colours,  forming  coincident  spectra  of  equal  length. 
2.  On  Circular  Polarization.  3.  On  the  Etfeets  of  Com- 
pression and  Dilatation  in  altering  the  polarizing  structure 
of  the  doubly  refracting  crystals;  and  others,  in  which 
the  law  is  determined  which  connects  the  refractive  index 
of  a  crystal  with  its  angle  of  polarization,  and  the  dis- 
covery of  rings  in  biaxial  crystals  is  made  known.  Other 
papers  are  to  be  found  in  the  Edinburgh  Rev.,  the  Reports 
of  the  British  Association,  the  Lib.  of  Useful  Knowledge, 
the  Phil.  Mag.,  (of  which  Sir  David  is  one  of  the  editors,) 
and  the  North  Brit.  Rev. :  they  embrace  physical  geography, 
astronomy,  photography,  meteorology,  Ac.  Of  separate 
works  maybe  mentioned:  4.  A  Treatise  on  the  Kaleido- 
scope, 1819,  Svo.  5.  Notes  to  Robison's  System  of  Me- 
chanical Philosophy.  1822.  4  vols.  Svo.  6.  Euler's  Letters; 
with  a  Life  of  Euler,  1823,  2  vols.  12mo.  7.  Notes  and 
Introductory  Chapter  to  Legendre's  Elements  of  Geometrj-, 


1824.  8.  Treatise  on  Optics,  1831.  Svo.  American  edition, 
by  Prof.  A.  D.  Bache,  Phila.,  1833,  12mo.  9.  Letters  on 
Natural  Magic.  1831,  12mo.  10.  Life  of  Sir  Isaac  New- 
ton, 1831,  i2nio.  11.  The  Martyrs  of  Science:  or.  The 
Lives  of  Galileo,  Tycho  Brahe,  anrl  Kepler.  1S41,  12mo, 
(2d  cd.,  Svo.  1840.)  '  12.  Treatise  on  the  Microscope,  p.  Svo. 
13.  More  Worlds  than  One:  the  Creed  of  the  Philosopher, 
and  the  Hope  of  the  Christian,  1854,  Svo.  14.  Memoirs  of 
the  Life.  Writings,  and  Discoveries  of  Sir  Isaac  Newton, 
1  S^yf),  2  vols.  8vo."  See  Knight's  Eng.  Cyc,  Div.  Biog..  vol.  i. 

"Pr.  Rrewster's  book  [Life  of  Newton]  is  a  most  scientific  und 
infi'n-sttn;^  one;  there  is  instruction  for  the  ignorant,  learning  for 
the  learneil.  science  for  the  profound,  and  anecdotps  personal  and 
scientific  for  the  idler  and  the  gossip.  All  th.-it  can  be  now  known 
of  the  illustrious  Newton  is  told  with  considerable  clearness  and 
beauty:  his  discoveries  are  discussed,  bi^  iiivi'uti'ns  described,  the 
character  of  the  most  eminent  of  Ins  comiianinns  di-awn.  and  we 
follow  him  to  the  observatory,  the  study,  the  Royal  Society,  and 
the  private  chamber.  It  is  a  work  which  affords  miich  instruction 
and  pleasure." — Lon.  Atfientemn.    (Review  of  1st  ed.) 

The  Memoirs  of  Sir  Isaac  Newton.  18.'i5,  2  vols.  Svo.  has 
not  passed  without  censure.  See  Newton,  Sir  Isaac.  We 
should  not  omit  to  notice  the  valuable  article  on  Mag- 
netism in  the  7th  edit,  of  the  Encyc.  Brit. 

The  Lives  of  Galileo,  Tycho  Braht\  and  Kepler,  the 
Martyrs  of  Science,  have  been  commended.  A  late  martyr 
of  science,  in  noticing  one  of  Sir  David's  last  works,  paid 
the  following  handsome  tribute  to  the  venerable  author: 

"  The  siile  of  a  work  is  usually  no  bad  test  of  the  interest  which 
attaches  to  the  subject  of  it:  and  we  accept  it  as  good  in  evidence, 
that  the  question  respecting  the  ■  plurality  of  worlds,'  so  ingeni- 
ously discussed  by  Sir  David  Brewst-t  .nid  bis  anonymous  antafe'O- 
nist."  is  one  which  successfully  add r< ■;--.>  il^  If  to  at  least  the  ciuio- 
sity  of  the  reading  portion  of  the  cuniniunity,  that  Sir  David's 
More  Worlds  than  One.  though  not  yet  six  months  before  the 
pulilic,  is  already  in  what  is  more  than  tantamount  to  its  third 
edition.  The  sale  of  the  third  thousand  of  bis  separate  Treatise 
is,  we  are  informed,  fiist  progressing;  and  his  article  on  the  same 
subject  in  the  North  Biitish  I'.eview,  which  formed  the  pregnant 
nucleus  of  the  work,  is  understood  to  have  enjoyed  at  least  an 
equal  circulation.  There  does  certainly  exist  a  wide-spread  desn-e 
to  know,  so  far  as  can  be  known,  the  extent  of  Gods  living,  re- 
sponsible creation.  The  planet  which  we  inhabit  is  but  one  vessel 
in  the  midst  of  a  fleet  sailing  on  through  the  vast  ocean  of  space, 
under  convoy  of  the  sun.  Far  on  the  distant  horizon  what  seem 
to  be  a  great  many  other  convoy  ships  appear,  though  such  is  their 
remoteness,  that  even  our  best  glasses  enable  us  to  know  very  little 
regarding  them.  But  in  the  vessels  of  the  same  group  as  ourselves, 
we  see  evolutions  similar  to  those  which  our  own  ship  performs — 
we  see  them  maintain  relations  similar  to  our  own  to  the  great 
guardian  vessel  in  the  midst — we  see  them  re?:ulat«d  by  her  in  all 
their  movements,  and  that  when  nights  fall  dark,  most  of  them 
have  their  sets  of  lanthorns  hoisted  up  to  give  them  light;  and 
there  is  a  desire  among  us  to  know  somewhat  respecting  the  crews 
of  these  neighbour-vessels  of  ours,  and  whether — as  we  all  seem 
hound  on  a  common  voyage — the  expedition,  as  it  is  evidently 
under  one  and  the  same  control,  may  not  have  a  common  purpose 
or  object  to  accomplish.  8uch  is  the  natural,  and  surely  not  in-a- 
tional,  curiosity  tbat  has  led  in  part  to  the  extensive  circulation  of 
the  two  recently  published  works  which  discuss  the  question  on 
its  opposite  f-ides ;  though  in  perhaps  equal  part,  however,  their 
popularity  must  he  owing  to  the  admii-able  manner  in  which  they 
are  written,  and  the  high  scientific  acijuiivuients  of  their  respective 
authors.  It  is  not  every  day  that  comV'atants  such  as  Sir  David 
Brewster,  and.  .shall  we  say.  Professor  Whewell.  meet  in  the  arena. 
There  is  a  pleasing  peculiarity  in  the  writings  of  our  great  coun- 
tryman, which  our  readers  must  have  often  remarked. 

'■  We  referred  on  a  recent  occasion  to  the  remark  of  Sir  James 
Mackintosh,  that  'the  memorable  instances  of  Cicero  and  Milton, 
and  still  more  those  of  Dryden  and  Burke,  seem  to  show  that  there 
is  some  natural  tendency  in  the  fire  of  cenius  to  burn  more  briirhtly 
or  to  blaze  more  fiercely  in  the  evening  than  in  the  morning  of 
human  life.'  We  can.  however,  re^'ard  none  of  these  instances, 
nor  yet  that  ofDugald  Stewart,  which  Sir  James  also  adduces,  as 
equallv  striking  with  the  one  furnished  by  the  literary  history  of 
Sir  David.  The  poet  who  produced,  while  yet  a  boy,  the  Hymn 
of  the  Nativity,  did  not  leave  himself  much  room  for  future  im- 
provement, in  at  least  poetic  feelicK  and  conception ;  and  in  the 
earlier  writings  of  Dryden  and  Burke,  we  find  no  equivocal  pro- 
mise of  what  was  afterwards  to  be  accomplished  in  the  Ode  to  St. 
Cecilia's  Day,  and  the  Reflections  on  the  French  Revolution.  In 
the  earlier  compositions  of  Sir  David,  on  the  other  hand— always 
severe  in  style,  and  sternly  scientific  in  form— there  is  conipara- 
tivelv  little  indication  of  that  rich  flow  of  fancy  and  imagination, 
and  that  fertility  of  happy  illustration,  which  his  later  writings 
exhiliit.  As  in  'the  far  west,  his  year  of  life  enjoys  an  'Indian 
summer'  greatly  richer  and  more  gorf:e<:)US  in  its  scenery  than  any 
of  the  seasons  that  have  gone  before.  There  is  something  inex- 
pressibly pleasing  in  exhibitions  of  this  kind.  A  vigorous  and 
still  youthful  mind  lodged  in  a  material  framework  which  has 
served  its  purposes  during  the  ordinary  term  of  life,  and  gives  evi- 
dence that,  though  age  presses  upon  it  but  lightly,  his  touch  is 
there,  is  of  itself  an  argument  for  the  immortality  of  the  better 
part.  Were  soul  and  body  to  perish  together,  they  would  surely 
exhibit  traces  of  the  same  decay.  Further,  too.  it  is  a  singularly 
agreeable  sight,  as  illustrative  of  that  happiest  condition  of  ad- 
vanced life,  which  the  Psalmist  could  descrit'e  as  peculiarly  the 
gift  of  God  to  his  own.  In  old  age,  when  others  failed  and  faded, 
the  riL'bfenns  man  was  still  to  tiring  forth  fruit  and  blossom,  as  in 
his  fnsb  ,iod  Yi'.xnrous  years.  There  was  to  be  .sap  and  fatness  in 
his  un>hrivr|l.  li  tnnik.  and  green  leaves  and  bright  flowers  on  all 
his  buuiihs.'— lUoH  Miller:  Edinburgh  }\''itn€ss. 

2-13 


BRE 


The  Plurality  of  Worlds  is  now  ascribed  to  Mr.  J.  S. 
Smith,  of  Baliol  Collejje,  Oxford. 

Brewster,  Sir  Francis.  Trade  and  Navigation,1695. 

Brewster,  James.  Lectures  on  our  Lord's  Sermon 
on  the  Mount,  Edin.  and  Lon.,  1S09,  Svo. 

■' Alw-Hys  cle.ir,  generally  judicious,  .ind  sometimes  discriminat. 
inir." — Ijftn.  Christian  Observ'T. 

Brewster,  John,  educated  at  Lincoln  College,  Ox- 
ford, d.  184,3.  Theolog.  and  other  works,  1792-1S18. 
The  Parochial  History  and  Antiquities  of  Stockton-upon- 
Tecs,  1796,  4to.  Meditations  of  a  Kecluse,  ISOO,  12mo. 
Meditations  of  the  Ageii,  1810,  Svo. 

'■  The  Meditations  of  Brewster  are  much  admired." — Lowndes. 

Lectures  on  the  Acts  of  the  Apostles,  Lon.,  1807,  2  vols. 
Svo;  2d  edit.,  Lon.,  1831,  1  vol.  Svo.  These  Lectures  are 
an  imitation  of  Bishop  Porteus's  excellent  Lectures  on  the 
Gospel  according  to  St.  Matthew. 

■■  Mr.  Brewster  is  full  of  illustrations  from  the  fcthers  and  di- 
vines of  various  .ages ;  and  his  own  remarks  are  not  trite,  but 
lively,  as  well  as  just." — British  Critic. 

Contemplations  on  the  Last  Discourses  of  our  Blessed 
Saviour  with  his  Disciples,  *tc.,  Lon.,  1S22,  Svo. 

Brewster,  Richard.     Sermon,  1  Sam.  xii.  2i,  4to. 

Brewster,  Samuel.  Theolog.  Treatises,  Lon.,  1700, 
'01.  Svo. 

Brewster,  Samuel.  Jus  feeiale  Anglicanum,  or  a 
Treat,  of  the  Law  of  Eng.  rel.  to  "War  and  Rebellion,  1725. 

Brewster,  Samuel.  Collectanea  Ecclesiastica,  Lon., 
1752,  4to.  See  in  this  work  a  treatise  by  Bishop  Walton, 
entitled  A  Treatise  concerning  the  Payment  of  Tythes  in 
London. 

Brewster,'\ViIliam.  Theolog.Anecdotes,  3d  ed.,1812. 

Brian,  Thomas.     The  P.  Prophet,  Lon.,  1037,  4to. 

Briaut,  Alexander,  1,557-1581.  entered  at  Hart  Hall, 
Oxford,  1557,  executed  for  high  treason  at  Tyburn,  1581, 
wrote  whilst  in  prison  Litera;  ad  Reverendos  Patres  So- 
cietatis  Jesu  in  Anglia  degentes,  and  some  Letters  to  his 
Friends  and  Afflicted  Catholics.     See  Athen.  Oxon. 

Bribner,  Francis.  His  Declaration,  June  17. 16S8, 
containing  his  reasons  for  renouncing  the  Roman  Catholic, 
and  embr.acing  the  Protestant  Religion ;  fol. 

Brice,  Alexander.  Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1766; 
Astronomy  and  Natural  History. 

Brice,  Andrew.  Geograph.  Diet.,  Exeter,  1760,  2  v. 
fol.     The  Mobiad;  a  Poem,  Oxf..  1770,  Svo. 

Brice,  J.     Divinity  of  the  Messiah,  1800,  Svo. 

Brice,  John.  Laws  of  the  U.  S.  in  force  relative  to 
commercial  sulijccts,  Baltimore,  1831. 

Brice,  Thomas.  A  Compendious  Register  in  Metre, 
contoining  the  Names  and  pacient  Suffryngs  of  the  Mem- 
bres  of  Jesus  Christ,  and  the  tormented  and  cruelly  burned 
within  England,  Ac,  London,  by  John  Kyngston,  1559, 
sm.  Svo. 

Brice,  Thomas.     History,  ic.  of  Exeter,  Svo. 

Brichan,  David,  D.D.  Sermons,  1805,  '015;  2  vols, 
do.  1S0/-12,  Svo. 

''The  elocution  of  the  style  is  supported  by  a  closeness,  ma- 
turity, and  dignity  of  sentiment,  that  we  have  not  often  wit- 
nessed."— EcUctic  Beview. 

"  His  style  is  strength,  rather  than  elegance." — Mnnthty  Revii:w. 

"  The  general  character  of  these  Iiiscourses  is  a  masculine  vigour, 
a  thorough  acquaintance  with  the  different  subjects  discussed^  and 
an  earnest,  though  by  no  means  an  enthusiastic,  zeal  in  endea- 
vouring to  impress  the  great  truths  of  Christianity  on  the  hearers." 
—Brit.  Crit. 

Brickell,  John,  M.D.  The  Natural  History  of  North 
Carolina,  with  engravings,  1743,  Svo;  Dubl.,  1723,  '37, 
'39,  Svo,  1743,  Svo.  Cat.  of  American  Trees  and  Shrubs, 
which  will  endure  the  climate  of  England,  Lon..  1739,  fol. 

Brickini;ton,  Stephen.     See  Birciii.vgtox. 

Bricknell,  W.  S.  Notices  of  the  Oxford  Tracts,  Ac. 
1S45,  ic. 

Bridall,  John.     See  Bryball. 

Bridecake,  Ralph.     Sermon,  1730,  4to. 

Bridecake,  T.     Medical  Treatise,  1SI17. 

Bridferth,  flourished  9S0,  a  British  monk,  and  the 
most  eminent  mathematician  of  his  day,  was  a  teacher  of 
the  school  at  Ramsey. 

'•  Bridforth's  Commentaries,  on  the  two  treati-ses  of  Bede,  D 
Xatura  Kerum.  and  De  Temporum  liatione.  are  extremely  valu 
able  for  the  light  they  throw  on  the  method  of  teaching  in  the 
Anglo-Saxon  schools.  They  are  probably  nothing  more  than  notes 
on  the  lectures  delivered  in  the  school  at  Ramsey.  Bede's  Trea- 
tises were  still  the  text-books  of  the  -^nglo-Saxon  scholars." 

Bridferth  loft  comments  on  the  tracts  De  Indigitatione 
and  De  Ratione  Unciarum,  published  under  the  name  of 
Bede.  Pits  attributes  to  him  De  Principiis  Mathematicis, 
lib.  i.,  and  De  Institutione  Monachorum,  lib.  i. ;  and  Ma- 
billon  gives  him  credit  for  the  MS.  Life  of  Dunstan, 
printed  in  the  Acta  Sanctorum,  torn.  iv.  1685.     This  opi- 


nion  is  generally  concurred  in.  Bridferth 's  Commentariea 
wiU  be  found  in  some  editions  of  Bede's  works;  Colon. 
Agrip.,  1612,  tom.  i.  ie.  See  Wright's  Biog.  Brit.  Lit.; 
Pits's  De  Illustribus,  Ac. 

Bridil,  E.  P.  Grammatical  Treatises,  Ac,  1799-1807. 

Bridge,  Bewick.  Mathematical  Lectures,  1810-11, 
2  vols.  Svo. 

'•  A  valuable  introduction  to  the  science." — Low>'DE8. 

Other  mathematical  treatises,  lSll-21. 

Bridge,  Francis.     Sermon,  1684. 

Bridge,  Josiah,  d.  1801,  aged  61,  minister  of  East 
Suilbury,  M.assachusetts,  pub.  an  Election  Sermon,  17S9. 

Bridge,  Samuel.     Treatises  on  the  MiIitia,lS03-09. 

Bridge,  Thomas,  d.  1715,  aged  58.  a  minister  of 
Boston,  Massachusetts,  was  a  native  of  Hackney,  Eng- 
land.    Sermons.  1705,  '10,  '13. 

Bridge,  William,  1600-1690,  an  eminent  Puritan 
divine,  w.as  educated  at  Emanuel  College,  Cambridge. 
He  preached  for  a  time  at  Norwich,  but  being  silenced 
for  Nonconformity,  went  to  Rotterdam,  where  he  took 
charge  of  a  congregation.  In  1642  he  returned  to  Eng- 
land, became  minister  of  Great  Yarmouth,  whence  he  was 
ejected  in  1662.  He  was  also  a  member  of  the  West- 
minster -\ssembly.     Archbishop  Laud  thus  refers  to  him. 

"  In  Norwich,  one  5Ir.  Bridge,  rather  than  he  would  conform, 
hath  left  his  lecture,  and  two  cures,  and  is  gone  into  Holland. 
On  the  margin  of  this  pass.age,  Charles  I.  wrote :  '  Let  him  go ; 
we  are  well  rid  of  him !' '' — Lititd's  Troubles  and  Trials. 

Bridge  pub.  Sermons,  1 641,  '68,  '71,  '73  ;  a  Reply  to  Dr. 
Terne,  1643,  4to.  Life  of  Jessy,  1671,  Svo.  His  princip,al 
works  appeared  in  1657,  2  vols.  4to.  In  1845  his  Works, 
now  first  collected,  were  pub.  in  5  vols.  Svo ;  containing 
above  100  sermons.  Among  the  most  noted  of  his  dis- 
courses were  nine  sermons,  entitled  Seasonable  Truths  ia 
Evil  Times,  1668,  Svo. 

His  sermons  on  Faith  were  highly  recommended  by  the 
Countess  of  Huntingdon.  Bridge  was  very  studious  in 
his  habits. 

"  He  possessed  a  library  well  furnished  with  the  fathers,  school- 
men, and  critics.  He  v  as  a  very  close  student,  rising  everv'  mcrn- 
ing,  both  in  winter  and  summer,  at  four  o'clock,  and  continuing 
in  his  library  until  eleven." 

Bridgeman,  G.     .Admiral  Duncan's  Victory,  1797. 

Bridgeman,  Thomas.  1.  Young  Gardener's  Assist- 
ant, N.Y'.,  1S47,  Svo.  2.  Florist's  Guide.  3.  Fruit-Culti- 
vator's Manual.     4.  Kitchen-Gardener's  Instructor. 

Bridgemau,  William.  Trans,  from  the  Greek,  1804, 
'07.     Moral  Philusoj^hy  from  Aristotle,  Pythagoras,  Ac. 

Bridgeman.     See  Bridgman. 

Bridgen,  R.  Antiq.  of  Sefton  Church,  1822,  fol.,  Ac. 
Designs  for  Grecian  and  other  Furniture.  1S38,  4to.  In- 
terior Decorations  of  Sefton  Church,  Lancashire,  fol. 
Sketches  of  West  Indian  Scenery,  imp.  4to. 

Bridgen,  William.     Assize  Sermon,  1712,  Svo. 

Bridges,  Charles,  Vicar  of  Old  Newton.  Exposi- 
tion of  Psalm  liyth,  as  illustrative  of  the  character  and 
exercises  of  Christian  Experience,  Lon.,  1S38,  12mo ;  lyth 
edit.,  1849. 

"  An  excellent  manual  of  religion,  plain,  practical,  and  devo- 
tional." — Lon.  Eclectic  Revieiv. 

'■Its  interpretations  are  unesceptionably  ev.angelical ;  its  rea- 
sonings are  close  and  connected:  and  its  appeals  to  the  he^rt  are 
such  as  to  approve  themselves  to  the  experience  of  every  devout 
believer  in  Christ." — Lon.  Eeang-:lical  Mag. 

The  Christian  Ministry,  with  an  Inquiry  into  the  Causes 
of  its  Inefficiency,  and  with  an  Especial  Reference  to  the 
Ministry  of  the  E.stnblishment.  Lon.,  1829,  12mo. 

"  A  truly  valu.able  and  profitable  book,  and  well  deserving  of  a 
place  among  the  books  of  every  young  minister." — Bickersteth. 

An  Exposition  of  the  Book  of  Proverbs,  Lon.,  IS46, 
2  vols.  ]2mo;  2d  edit.,  with  additions,  1847;  3d  edit., 
1850.  The  exposition  of  the  first  nine  chapters  has  been 
pub.  separately,  under  the  title  of  A  Manual  for  the  Y'oung. 

''  The  most  lucid  and  satisfactory  commentary  on  the  Book  of 
Proverljs  that  we  have  met  with:  and  though  it  is  of  a  popular 
cast,  and  quite  within  the  scope  of  the  general  reader,  it  is  a  book 
Hhich  clergymen  will  find  it  to  their  advantage  frequently  and 
diligently  to  consult." 

Ess.ay  on  Family  Prayer,  12mo.  Sacramental  Instruc- 
tion. 12mo.     Scriptural  Studies.  ISmo. 

Bridges,  George,  d.  1677.  The  Memoirs  of  the 
Duke  of  Rohan,  trans,  from  the  French,  Lon.,  1660,  Svo. 
See  Censura  Litcraria.  vol.  iv. 

Bridges,  James.  Polit.  State  of  Scotland,  IS18,  Svo. 

Bridges,  Jeremiah.     Tlie  Foot  of  the  Horse,  1752. 

Bridges,  John,  d.  1590.  Trans,  of  Gualter's  175 
Hoiuclyes,  1572. 

Bridges,  John,  Bishop  of  Oxford,  d.  161S.  Supre- 
macie  of  Christian  Princes,  Ac,  1573,  4to.     Defence  of 


BRI 


BRI 


the  Gouernment  established  in  the  Church  of  England, 
Ac,  15S7,  4to.     Quatuor  Evangelia,  1604,  8vo. 

"  11^  was  eminent  fur  his  theolofj;ifal  writings,  more  especLiUy 
as  a  defender  nf  the  church  against  the  Puritans.*' — Cetuura 
Lit''ya}-ia,  fol.  ii. 

Martin  Marprelate  (Penrv)  does  not  seem  to  have  placed 
a  hi;;^h  value  nn  the  hislmp's  Defence  nf  the  Church. 

Brid?;es,  John,  b.  :ibout  lf)r>ti.  d.   1724.  an  eminent 
anliiiuarj*  about  1719  began  to  make  Collections  towards  , 
R  Histurj  of  Northamptonshire.     He  collected  enough  ma- 
terials to  fill  30  fulio,  5  4to,  and  5  small  volumes.    He  died 
before  he  was   ready  for  the  press,  and  the   MSS.  were 
placed  in  the  hands  of  Dr.  Samuel  Jebb,  who  pub.  Parts 
1.  2,  and  a  portion  of  No.  3,  1737,  &c.     The  work  was 
stopped  at  the  press  by  want  of  means  and  other  diffi- 
culties, and  it  was  not  until  1701   that  the  History  ap-  j 
peared,  edited  by  the  Rev.  Peter  Whalley,  Oxford,  2  vols.  I 
ful.  For  an  intere?ting  account  of  this  work,  and  the  causes  1 
of  its  slow  progress  to  publication,  see  Nichols's  Lit.  Anec- 
dotes, vol.  ii. 

*•  Mr.  Bridge's  History  of  Xorthamptonsbire  is  a  model  to  all 
county  historians;  and  it  is  heartily  to  be  wished  th:it  some 
native  may  be  found,  heir  to  his  skill  and  public  spirit,  and  meet 
■with  due  enenuraL'ement  to  continue  the  labours  of  Mr.  Bridires. 
I  have  many  materials  for  the  purpose :  which  should  not  be  with- 
held from  any  one  qualified  for  the  task." — Nichols's  Lit.  Anecdotes,  ; 
vol.  ii.  I 

For  lists  of  works  on  British  Topography,  see  Nichols 
and  Sons'  (sou  aud  grandson  of  the  celebrated  John  Ni- 
chols) current  catalogues,  and  Henry  G.  Buhn's  Guinea 
Catalogue,  1S41. 

Bridges,  Sir  JoUu.  Legal  Treatises.  Reports, 
Lon.,  1051. 

'-  A  very  learned  and  ingenious  author,  whose  Lejral  Treatises 
are  less  known  than  they  ought  to  be." — 0:nsura  Li(eraria.\o\Av. 
Bridges,  3Iatthew.  The  testimony  of  profane  An- 
tiifuity  to  the  account  given  by  Moses  of  Paradise  and  the 
Fall  of  Man,  Lon.,  lS2o,  8vo.  Roman  Empire  under  Con- 
stantine  the  Great,  Lon.,  1828,  Svo;  7  copies  on  large 
paper,  Babbiconibe  and  other  Poems,  12mo.  Jerusalem 
ReL'ained  :  .a  Pueni,  Svn, 

Bridges, \oJili,  Vulgar  Arithmetique.  1653, 12mo,etc. 
Bridges,   Kalpli,  D.D.     Sermons,  Lon.,  1700,  '24, 
*27.  '3S,  4to. 

Bridges,  Robert,  Professor  of  Chemistry  in  the 
Phil.  C'dlege  of  Pharmacy,  &c.  Fownes's  Elementary 
Chemistry.  3d  Ainer.,  edit.,  from  the  last  London  edit., 
with  additions,  Phila.,  1854,  r.  12mo.  See  Fownes, 
Georcb. 

Bridges,  Thomas.  New  Trans,  of  Homer's  Iliad, 
adapted  to  the  capacity  of  honest  English  Roast  Beef  and 
Pudding  Eaters,  1TG4."2  vols.  12mo. 

■'  A  work  full  of  humour,  but  which  often  transgresses  the 
bounds  of  decency."' — Luwndes. 

Dido;  a  Comic  Opera,  1771,  Svo.  The  Dutchman;  a 
Musical  Entertainment,  1775,  Svo.  Adventures  of  a  Bank 
Note;  a  Xovl-I. 

Bridges,  Walter.  A  Catechism  for  Communicants, 
Lon.,  1615.  8vn. 

Bridges,  William.     Sermons,  1643,  '67. 
Bridget,  Mrs.     1.  Mortimer  Hall.     2.  B.  of  Falcon- 
berg.  1811.  '15. 

Bridgewater,  Rev.  Francis  Henry  Egerton. 
eighth  Earl  of.  1756-1829,  was  educated  at  Eton,  and 
All  Souls'  College,  O.\ford,  where  he  tnok  the  degree  of 
M.A.  in  1780.  His  father,  the  Bishop  of  Durham,  ap- 
pointed him  a  Prebendary  of  Durham  in  1780.  and  in 
1781  the  Duke  of  Bridgewater  presented  him  to  the  rectory 
of  Middle  in  Shropshire,  and  in  1797  to  that  of  Whit- 
church in  the  same  county.  In  1823  he  succeeded  his 
brother  in  his  titles.  For  many  years  before  his  death  he 
resided  entirely  at  Paris.  In  1796  he  pub.  in  4to  an  edit, 
of  the  llippolytus  of  Euripides.  He  also  edited  A  Frag- 
ment of  an  Ode  of  iSappho  from  Longinus,  and  an  Ode  of 
Siippho  from  Dionytius  Halicarn.,  in  Svo.  In  1793  he 
prepared  for  the  Biographia  Britannica  a  Life  of  Lord 
Chancellor  Egerton,  (see  vol.  v.)  250  copies  of  this  Me- 
moir, considerably  enlarged,  were  privately  printed  by 
him  in  1798.  This  enlarged  memoir,  and  a  life  of  the 
Bishop  of  Durham,  were  intended  by  the  publishers,  at 
the  author's  request,  for  the  6th  vol.  of  the  Biog,  Brit, 
His  lordship  pul).  several  other  pieces  :  see  Memoir  in 
Gent.  Mag.  He  left  his  collections  of  MSS.  and  antiqui- 
ties, and  a  sum  of  money,  to  the  Brit.  Museum.  The  earl 
had  been  deeply  impressed  with  the  value  of  well-digested 
argumentative  treatises  upon  the  subject  of  man's  relations 
to  his  Maker.  He  himself  drew  up  a  work  upon  the  sub- 
ject, which  was  privately  printed  at  Paris,  by  Didot.  By 
his  last  Will  and  Testament,  he  bequeathed  the  sum  of 


eight  thousand  pounds  sterling  to  be  paid  to  the  person  or 
persons  who  should  be  appointed  by  the  President  of  the 
Royal  Society  to  prepare  a  work 

"On  the  Power.  Wisdom,  and  Goodness  of  God,  as  manifested 
in  the  Creation,  illustrating  such  work  by  all  rea.^onal.Ie  argu- 
ments; as.  for  instance,  the  variety  and  formation  of  God's  rrea- 
tures  in  the  animal,  vegetatile.  and  mineral  kinfrdoms;  the  effect 
of  di;iestion,  and  thereby  of  conversion;  the  construction  of  the 
hand  of  man,  and  an  infinite  variety  of  other  arguments;  as  also 
by  discoveries,  ancient  and  modern,  in  arts,  sciences,  and  in  the 
whole  extent  of  literature."' 

One  thousand  copies  were  to  be  printed,  and  the  profits 
were  to  be  paid  to  the  nuthor  or  authors  selected  for  this 
important  duty.  The  following  gentlemen  were  honoured 
by  the  appointment,  it  being  determined  to  publish  eight 
separate  essays : 

1.  The  Rev.  Thomas  Chnlmer?,  D.D.,  Professor  of  Di- 
vinity in  the  University  of  Edinburgh,  On  the  Power, 
Wisdom,  and  Goodness  of  God  as  manifested  in  the  Adap- 
tation of  External  Nature  to  the  Moral  and  Intellectual 
Constitution  of  Man.     {2  vols.  8vo ;  6th  edit.,  1S40.) 

2.  John  Kidd,  M.D.,  F.R.S.,  Regius  Professor  of  Medi- 
cine in  the  University  of  Oxford,  On  the  Adaptation  of 
External  Nature  to  the  Physical  Condition  of  Man.  (Svoj 
5th  edit.,  1837.) 

3.  The  Rev.  William  Whewell,  M.A.,  F.R.S.,  Fellow  of 
Trinity  College,  Cambridge,  Astronomy  and  General  Phy- 
sics considered  with  reference  to  Natural  Theology.  (8vo ; 
7th  edit.,  1839.) 

4.  Sir  Charles  Bell.  K.G.H.,  F.R.S.,  L.  &  E.,  The  Hand  : 
its  Mechanism  and  Vital  Endowments  as  evincing  Design. 
(Svo;  4th  edit.,  1837.) 

5.  Peter  Mark  Roget,  M.D.,  Fellow  and  Secretary  of 
the  Royal  Society,  On  Animal  and  ^'egetable  Physiology, 
considered  with  reference  to  Natural  Theology.  {2  vols. 
Svo;  3d   edit.,  1840.) 

6.  The  Rev.  William  Bucklanrt,  D.D.,  F.R.S.,  Cnnon  of 
Christ  Church,  and  Professor  of  Geology  in  the  University 
of  Oxford,  On  Geology  and  Mineralogy.  {2  vols.  Svo; 
2d  edit.,  1837.) 

7.  The  Rev.  William  Kirby,  M.A..  F.R.S.,  On  the  His- 
tory, Habits,  and  Instincts  of  Animals.  (2  vols.  Svo  ;  2d 
ediL,  18.^,5.) 

8.  William  Prout,  M.D.,  F.R.S.,  Chemistry,  Meteorology, 
and  the  Function  of  Digestion,  considered  with  reference 
to  Natural  Theology.     (8vo ;  3d  edit.,  1845.) 

In  all,  12  volumes.  The  names  of  the  above  writers  are 
a  sufficient  guarantee  of  the  value  of  their  respective  es- 
says. Great  fault  has  been  found  with  the  manner  in 
which  the  trust  has  been  discharged  : 

"Such  a  bequest  is  without  parallel  in  the  history  of  our  litera- 
ture, but,  unfortunately,  the  intention  of  the  munificent  noitle- 
man  has  been  al'solutely  perverted.  Instead  of  one  distinct  •  woi-k 
on  Natural  Theology,  whith  would  have  been  translated  into 
every  written  language,  and  which  would  have  formed  a  more 
than  Euroi>ean  monument  to  the  liberality  and  piety  of  our  coun- 
tryman,' ei;_^ht  independent  treatises  have  appeared,  and  to  them 
the  favoured  pulilisher  has  affixed  such  exorbitant  prices  as  to 
prevent  the  less  wealthy  classes  of  society  from  benefiting  by  his 
lordship's  generosity." 

So  argues  an  indignant  objector.  Perhaps  much  might 
be  said  on  the  other  side,  but  as  we  have  no  space  for  dis- 
cussion, we  will  only  refer  the  reader  to  the  Edinburgh 
Review,  Lon.  Quarterly  Review,  Westminster  Review, 
Eraser's  Magazine,  the  Athena?um,  &c.  A  new  ed.  of  the 
Bridgewater  Treatises,  thoroughly  revised  and  improved, 
has  been  pub.  by  Mr.  Bnhn  in  his  Scientific  Library.  The 
go-calUd  Ninth  Bridgewater  Treatise,  a  Fragment,  by 
Charles  BaVibage,  was  pub.  1837. 

Bridgewater,  John,  d.  about  IfiOO,  who  in  hi?  writ- 
ings calls  himself  Aqua  Pontanus,  was  entered  of  Hurt 
Hall,  Oxford,  and  there  removed  to  Braseno-<e  College. 
He  was  chosen  Rector  of  Lincoln  College  in  ]6*',3,  Arch- 
deacon of  Rochester,  1670.  Becoming  favouralde  to  Ro- 
manism, he  resigned  his  preferments,  and  sought  a  home 
in  the  college  for  English  Roman  Catholics  at  Douay.  He 
died  in  Germanv.  Concertatio  Eeclesia;  Catholictc  in 
Anglia.  First  pub.  by  Fenn  and  Gibbons  at  Triers,  1583, 
Svo'^:  enlarged  by  Bridgewater,  1594,  4to.  Confutatio 
virulentiie  Disputationis  Tbeologiae,  &c..  Triers.  1589,  4to. 
An  Account  of  the  Six  Articles  usually  proposed  to  the 
Missionaries  that  suffered  in  England. 

llridg^man.     Report  Bedford  Level,  1724,  fol. 
Bridi^mau,  Sir   John,     Reports  from  the   12th   to 
the  19th  of  James  I.,  Lon.,  1659,  fol.     Originally  taken 
in  French,  from  which  they  were  trans,  into  English,  and 
pub.  after  the  author's  death. 

"The  memorv  of  his  great  iHarninu  and  profoundness  in  the 
kuo\\  ledge  of  the  laws  of  Knglaud  still  remains." 


T5RI 

"  The  r.eports  embrace  so  shoi-t  a  period,  that  they  are  not  often 
referred  to,  nor  do  wo  understand  that  they  are  highly  esteemed." 
See  Brid^'man's  Leiral  Bib.;  Marvin's  Legal  Bib. 

Bridgmau,  Sir  Orlando,  Lord  Chief  Justice  of  the 
Common  Pleas,  anil  successor  to  the  Earl  of  Clarendon  as 
Keeper  of  the  Great  Seal.  Conveyances,  being  Select 
Precedents  of  Deeds  and  Instruments  concerning  the  most 
consider.ible  Estate  in  England,  Lon.,  1662,  'S2,  '99,1710; 
5tli  ed.,  1725,  in  2  parts,  fol. 

■■  His  draughts  are  still  admired  and  resorted  toby  all  who  deem 
a  propiiety  of  composition  and  copiousness  of  diclinu  not  incom- 
patible with  technical  accuracy.  Unfortunately.  Ihey  are  given  to 
the  public  in  a  very  slovenly  manner;  and  the  great  inferiority  of 
some  to  the  rest  affords  also  too  much  reason  to  fear  that  there 
has  been  much  interpolation."  See  Williams's  Study  of  the  Law. 
Judgment  of  the  Common  Pleas  in  Benyon  v.  Evelyn, 
T.  T.  14.  ch.ap.  ii.,  Ac,  extracted  from  Bridgman's  Report 
by  F.  Ilargrave.  Lon.,  1811,  8vo.  Reports  of  Juilgments 
by  Sir  Orlando  Bridgmau,  Ac,  edit,  from  the  Ilargrave 
MSS.  by  S.  Bannister,  Lon.,  182a,  8vo.  Sir  0.  B.  left 
9  vols,  of  MS.  Reports;  the  above  vol.  is  an  extract  from 
four  vols,  of  his  notes  of  cases,  ic.  Sir  Orlando  enjoyed 
a  great  reputation  as  a  lawyer. 

'•  Very  eminent  in  the  knowledge  of  the  law." — Loan  Clarendon. 
"  He  should  not  be  mentioned  but  with  reverence  and  with  ve- 
neration for  his  learning  and  integrity."— Lord  Nottikoh.oi. 

'•  A  very  studious  gentleman,  who  had  an  account  brought  to 
him  of  all  that  passed  in  the  courts." — Lord  Holt. 

"  In  the  arguments  of  Chief  Justice  Bridgmau,  methinks  I  find 
that  eviaceratio  camrc,  as  the  Roman  orator  calls  it.  an  exact  ana- 
tomy of  the  case,  and  dextrous  piercing  into  the  very  bowels  of  it: 
and'it  was  no  small  commendation  of  an  eminent  professor  of  our 
law,  and  one  that  .afterwards  was  advanced  to  the  highest  office  a 
person  of  that  profession  can  be  capiible— Mul  lie  alimi/s  argued 
likt  a  lawyer  and  a  gmtlevian."—Pref.  to  Carter's  Rejmls. 

"  Mr.  Fonblanque  [Treat,  on  Equity]  speaks  of  Bridgmau  s  Re- 
ports, of  which  Mr.  Hargrave  had  lent  him  the  MS.,  as  far  exceed- 
ing Carter's  in  copiousness,  depth,  and  correctness." 

See  Williams's   Study  of  Law ;  Bridgman's  Leg.  Bib. ; 
Barton's  Convey. ;  Marvin's  Leg.  Bib. ;  Wallace's  Reporters. 
Bridgmau',  Richard  Whallcy.     Thesaurus  Juri- 
dicus.  Lon.,  1799-1800;  2  vols.  8vo,  1806. 

"  Had  this  work  been  completed,  it  would  have  formed  one  of 
the  most  useful  books  in  the  lawyer's  library."— Prtsdm  an  Ab- 
stracts. 

Reflections  on  the  Study  of  the  La-w,  1804,  8vo.  A 
Short  View  of  Legal  Bibliogr.iphy,  Lon.,  1807,  8vo. 

•■  Mr.  Bridgman's  Treatise,  though  incomplete,  is  the  best  Eng- 
lish work  existing  of  the  period  embraced  by  his  Legal  Bibliography. 
The  author's  study  must  have  led  him  to  a  familiar  acquaintance 
with  the  lleports.  from  which  we  might  have  expected_.i  more  en- 
during and  satisfactory  monument  of  research  and  criticism  upon 
them  than  this  volume  affords.  This  deficiency,  so  far  as  regards 
the  older  reporters,  has  i-ecently  been  adequately  supplied  by  the 
very  judicious  and  able  criticism  and  notes  of  Mr.  .1.  W.  Wallace  in 
a  w'ork  entitled.  The  Reporters  chronologically  arranged,  &c."— 
Mai-vin's  L'ljal  Bibl. 

The  .second  edition  of  Wallace's  Reporters  was  pub.  in 
Philadeliihia,  1845.  The  third  edition,  almost  entirely 
rewritten,  much  extended  and  enlarged,  was  pub.  Phila- 
delphia, 1855,  Svo. 

Bridgmau,  Thomas,  b.  1795,  at  Northampton,  Mas- 
sachusetts. 1.  Inscriptions  on  the  Monuments  and  Tomb- 
stones in  the  Burying  Ground  of  Ki>rthampton,  Ac.  2.  Me- 
morials of  the  Dead  in  Boston,  with  the  Inscriptions  on  the 
Mommients  and  Tombstones  in  Copp's  Hill  Burying 
Ground.  3.  Memorials  of  the  Dead  in  Boston,  with  In- 
scriptions on  the  Monuments  and  Tombstones  in  King's 
Chapel  Burying  Ground. 

Bridgwater,  Benjamin.  Keligio  Bibliopola; ;  in 
imitation  of  Dr.  Browne's Religio  Medici,  with  a  supple- 
mcB."  ^0  it,  Lon.,  1691,  Svo. 

"H;  "as  of  Trinity  College  in  Cambiidge.  and  M.  A.  His  ge- 
nius was  very  rich,  and  ran  much  upon  Poetry,  in  which  he  ex- 
celled. He  was,  in  part.  Author  of  '  Religio  Bibliopokc'  But. 
alas!  in  the  issue,  "Wine  and  Love  were  the  ruin  of  this  ingenious 
Gentleman." — Dunt>m's  Life  and  Errors,  177. 

The  other  "  author  in  part"  of  Religio  Bibliopolie  is 
supposed  to  have  been  no  less  a  person  than  that  odd 
member  of  the  profession,  John  —not  "  glorious  John" — 
but  gossiping  John,  himself.  But  the  .authorship  of  this 
work  has  been  attributed  to  another  person. 

Briganti,Joseph  E.  India  Raw  Silk.  Lon.,  1 779,  Svo. 
Briggs,  Charles  F.,  b.  at  Nantucket,  resides  in 
New  York,  has  gained  some  celebrity  as  the  nutlior  of 
Harry  Franco,  a  Tale  of  the  Great  Panic,  2  vols.  1837. 
The  Haunted  Merchant,  1843.  Working  a  Passage,  or 
Life  in  a  Liner,  1844.  The  Trippings  of  Tom  Pepper,  an 
Autobiography.  In  connection  with  Mr.  John  Bisco  he 
"^        '  '         al,  and  for  some  time  he 


BRl 

"Mr.  Briggs  has  evinced  both  wit  and  humour  of  a  high  order 
in  his  Harry  Franco,  and  other  novels  aud  sketches." — K.  W. 
Gp-I^swold. 

Briggs,  Henry,  1556-1630,  an  eminent  mathemati- 
cian, a  native  of  Warley  Wood,  near  Halifax,  Yorkshire, 
was  educated  at  St.  John's  College,  Cambridge,  of  which 
he  liecame  Fellow  in  1588  ;  examiner  and  lecturer  in  Ma- 
thematics in  1592;  first  Professor  of  Geometry  in  Gresham 
College.  London.  1596  ;  first  Savilian  Professor  of  Geome- 
try, 1619.  At  Oxford  he  settled  himself  at  Merton  Col- 
lege, and  between  his  lectures  aud  studies  passed  a  most 
studious  life.  His  interest  in  Lord  Napier's  discovery  of 
logarithms  was  evinced  by  his  conference  with  his  lordship 
respecting  an  alteration  of  the  scale,  and  his  valuable 
publications  on  the  subject.  Logarithmorum  Chilias 
prima.  Lon.,  1617,  Svo.  Arithmetica  Logarithmica.  Ac, 
Lon..  1624.  tol. ;  enlarged,  printed  under  the  care  of  Adrian 
Vlacq,  in  French,  Gonda,  1628,  fol.  In  English,  Lon., 
1631,  foL  This  great  work  contains  the  logarithms  ot 
30.000  natural  numbers,  to  14  places  of  figures  beside  the 
index  !  Briggs  died  before  this  work  was  perfected  as  he 
designed  ;  but  his  friend  Henry  Gcllibrand  brought  it  to 
completion  in  1633,  under  the  title  of  Trigonometi'ia 
Britannica,  Ac,  Gonda,  fol.  Briggs  pub.  some  other 
mathematical  works,  and  A  Treatise  of  the  North-West 
Passage  to  the  South  Sea,  Lon.,  1052,  4to. ;  reprinted  in 
Purchas's  Pilgrims,  vol.  iii.  852.  Among  the  sons  of 
English  mathematical  science,  it  is  doubtful  if  there  have 
arisen  a  greater  than  Henry  Briggs.  The  illustrious  Isaac 
Barrow,  the  learned  Dr.  Smith,  the  profound  Gataker  and 
Oughtred  concur  in  celebrating  the  praise?  of  the  "mirror 
of  the  age  for  his  excellent  skill  in  Geometry." 

"Virdoctrina  clarus.  stupor  mathematicorum;  moribus  ac  vita 
integerrimuf .Ac."— ii'cyi'sfcr  of  Mftim  OiUege. 

See  Athen.  Oxon. ;  Biog.  Brit. ;  Life  in  Smith's  Vitae 
Erudit. ;  Ward's  Gresham  Professors ;  Martin's  Lives  of 
the  Philosophers  ;  Lilly's  Life  and  Times. 
Briggs,  J.  Sermons,  1775,  '77,  Svo. 
Briggs,  James,  Surgeon.  Practical  Obs.  on  Diseases 
of  the  Eye.  Lon.,  18116,  Svo.  An  Index  to  the  Anatomical, 
Medical,  Chirurgical,  and  Physiological  Papers  contained 
in  the  Transactions  of  the  Royal  Society  of  London,  from 
the  commencement  of  that  work,  to  the  end  of  the  year 
1817;  chronologically  and  alphabetically  arranged,  Lon., 
1818,  4to.  By  means  of  this  valuable  index  a  vast  amount 
of  scientific  lore  is  rendered  easily  accessible. 

Briggs,  John,  Lt.-Col.  in  the  Madras  Army.    1.  The 
History  of  the  Rise  of  the  Mahommed.an  Power  in  India 
till  the  Y'ear  A.D.  1612;  trans,  from  the  Persian  of  Ma- 
homed Kasim  Ferishta,  Lon.,  1829,  4  vols.  Svo.     2.  Laud- 
Tax  in   India,   1830,  8vo.     3.    Hussein-Khan's   Mahom- 
medan  Power  in  India ;    revised  by  J.  B. :  vol.  i.,  1832, 
Svo.     4.  State  of  the  Cotton-Trade  in  India,  1839,  Svo. 
Briggs,  .loseph.     Theolog.  treatises,  1675,  Ac. 
Briggs,  Richard.  English  Art  of  Cookery,  17SS,  Svo. 
Briggs,  Robert,  M.D.     Con.  to  Nic  Joiir.,  1804. 
Briggs,  William,  M.D.,  b.  about  1650,  d.  1704,  a 
native  of  Norwich,  England,  was  educated  at  Bene't  Col- 
lege, Cambridge.     He  was  Physician-in-Ordinary  to  Wil- 
liam III.,  and  celebrated  for  his  skill  in  diseases  of  the  eye. 
Ophthalmographia,  Camb.,  1676,  Svo;  2d  edit.,  1687.   In 
16S5,  at  the  request  of  Mr.  (afterwards  Sir)  Isaac  Newton, 
he  pub.  a  Latin  vei'sion  of  his  Theory  of  Vision:  to  this 
there  is  prefixed  a  recommendatory  epistle  by  Newton. 
The  papers  ujion  the  New  Theory  of  Vision  will  be  found 
in   Phil.  Trans.,  16S1,  4to.      He  contributed  some  other 
papers  to  Phil.  Trans.,  16S4. 

Brigham,  Amariah,  M.D.,  1798-1849,  b.  in  Berk- 
shire CO.,  JIass..  Supt.  of  the  Retreat  for  the  Insane  at 
Hartfiird,  1840-42,  and  became  Supt.  of  the  N.Y^  Slate 
Lunatic  Asylum  at  Utica,  1843.  1.  Asiatic  Cholera,  1S32. 
2.  Influence  of  Religion  on  Health,  1835,  12mo.  3.  Dis- 
eases of  the  Brain,  1S36,  12mo.  4.  Remarks  on  the  In- 
fluence of  Mental  Cultivation  and  Mcnt.al  Excitement  upon 
Health.  1S45. 12mo.  5.  T'tica  .Asvlum  Souvenir,  1849,  ISmo. 
Brigham,  Rev.  Charles  H.,  born  Boston,  1S20. 
Letters  of  Foreign  Travel.  2  vols.  Life  of  the  Rev.  Simeon 
D.iggett.     Numerous  Pamphlets,  Sermons,  Ac. 

Brigham,  Nicholas,  d.  156'.),  educated  at  HtirtHall, 
Oxford.  Memoirs,  by  way  of  Diary,  in  12  Books.  Mis- 
eeltiiucous  Poems. 

Bright,  George,  D.D.  Theolog.  treatises,  Lon., 
1678-1699. 

Bright,  Henry.     The  Praxis  in  English  and  Latin 


originated  The  Broadway  Journal, 

had  the  editorial  charge  of  Putnam's  Monthly  Magazine,  Exercises,  Oxf..  17S3. 
New  York.  Mr.  B.  has  also  some  pretensions  to  artistic  Bright,  J.  H.,  1804-1837,  a  n.itive  of  Salem,  Massa- 
taste.  Some  of  his  opinions  upon  pictures  will  be  found  chusetts,  contributed  under  the  signature  of  "  Viator,"  a 
ID  the  Broadway  Journal.  \  number  of  poetical  pieces  to  the  periodicals  of  the  day. 

246 


BRI 


BRI 


Bright,  Richard,  M.D.  Travels  from  Vienna 
tbronp;h  Lower  lluiiijary.  181S,  4to. 

"  A^^ri.ulturi'  anil  st;itist"i.-.s  form  the  principal  topics  of  this  vo- 
lume, whirh  II  mill  li.L\  f  I.i-.-ii  equally  valuable  and  much  more  iu- 
terestinti  if  the  mattL-r  had  bi-en  more  compressed." — Steven.soN. 

Brischt,  Timothy,  M.D.,  d.  1616,  Rector  of  Methley 
in  Yorkshire.  De  Dyserasia  Corporis  Humani,  Lon.,  ISSli, 
12mo.  Hygiene,  Ac.,  Lon.,  15S3,  Svo.  Motlic-iua  Thera- 
peutiea,  Lon..  158S,  Svo.  Auiniailversiones  in  G.  A.  Seri- 
honii,  Cantab.,  1J84,  Svo.  A  Treatise  of  Melancholie, 
Lon.,  I086,  ]2uio.  It  has  been  suppo.sed  liy  some  that 
Burton  took  the  hint  of  his  Anatomy  of  Melancholy  from 
this  trealise.  Charaetery ;  an  Arte  of  short,  swift,  anJ 
secrete  AVriling  by  character,  Lon.,  1588,  21ino. 

"  In  this  Yclv  int^enious  work  Bri'.^ht  cLiims  the  invention  of 
the  art.     It  is  dedicated  to  Q.  Elizaheth." 

Abridgement  of  the  Book  of  Acts  and  Monuments,  Lon., 
1589,  4to. 
Brishtland,  John.  Gramm.at.  works, Ac. ,1711-14, etc. 
Bris'itlpy,  ('has.,  Printer.   Method  of  Casting  Stereo- 
type, as  jiractised  liy  the  author,  Bungay,  Suflfolk,  1S09,  Svo. 
Brightly,  Frederick    Charles,  b.  1812,  in  Eng- 
land; emigrated  to  U..S.  1831;  member  Pbila.  Bar,  1839. 
Treatise  on  Law  of  Costs,  Svo.     Nisi  Prius  Keports,  1851, 
Svo.    Equitable  Jurisdiction  of  the  Courts  of  Penna.,  1855, 
Svo.     Edited  Purdon's  Digest  of  Laws  of  Penna.,  Stb  ed., 
1S5S,  Svo;  Binns's  Justice,  6tb  ed.,1855,  Svo.     An  Ana- 
lytical Digest  of  the  Laws  of  the  United  Slates,  from  the 
Adoption  of  the  Constitution  to  the  End  of  the  XXXIV. 
Congress,— 1796-1857.  Phila.,  1858,  Svo,  1142  pp.    Highly 
commended  by  Chief-Justice  Taney. 

Brightman,  Thomas,  1557-1607,  an  English  Puri- 
tan divine,  was  educated  at  Queen's  College,  Cambridge. 
Apoealypsis  Analysi  ct  Soholiis,  Ac.,  Franc.,  160U,  4to ; 
trans,  into  English,  Lon.,  1644,  fol. 

'* This  work  the  Puiit^m  divine  persuaded  himself  and  others 
was  written  under  the  infiuence  of  divine  inspiration." 

He  pub.  a  work  on  the  Canticles,  and  on  a  portion  of 
the  Book  of  Daniel  in  Latin,  B.asil,  1614,  Svo.  His  Ex- 
plication of  the  last  and  most  difficult  part  of  the  prophet 
Daniel  was  pub.  in  English,  Lon.,  1635,  1664,  4to. 

•■The  '.rreat  object  of  this  Puritan's  system  of  prophecy,  both  in 
this  work,  and  in  his  Kevel.ation  Kevciled,  is  to  prove  that  the  Pope 
is  that  antichrist  whose  reign  is  limited  to  12^10  days  or  years;  and 
who  is  then  foredoomed  by  tJod  to  utter  destruction." — Lowndes. 
Predictions  and  Prophecies  written  46  years  since  con- 
cerning the  three  Churches  of  Germanie,  England,  and 
Scotland,  1641.  4to. 

Brightwell,  Richard,  a  name  assumed  by  John 
Frith. 

Briiiible,  William.     Poems,  1767,  Svo. 
Brimsmead,\Villiam,  first  ministerof  Marlborough, 
Massachusetts.     Elecli..n  Sermons,  1681. 

Briiickle,  William  Draper,  A.M.,  M.D.,  b.  1798, 
Kent  CO.,  Del.;  grad.  at  Princeton,  1816  ;  an  eminent  pomo- 
logist.  1.  Remarks  on  Entomology,  chiefly  in  reference  to 
AgrieuUural  Benefit,  Phila.,  1852,  Svo.  2.  American  Po- 
mologist,  Phila.,  1853,  4to,  coloured  pUites.  This  work 
was  never  completed.  Has  contributed  to  various  journals 
many  valuable  papers  on  medical  subjects  and  on  pomology. 
Brinckmair,  L.  Warnings  of  Germany,  Lon.,  1683. 
Briiidlcv,  James,  1716-1772,  a  Civil  Engineer  of 
rem.arkable  genius.  Reports  relative  to  a  Navigaljle  Com- 
munication betwixt  the  Friths  of  Forth  and  Clyde  ;  with 
Observations,  Edin.,  1768, 4to  ;  in  conjunction  with  Thomas 
Yeoman,  F.R.S.,  and  John  Golhorne. 

Briue,  John,  1703-1765.  a  Calvinist  B.aplist  minister, 
sUtioned  at  Cripplegate,  London.  His  works  comprise 
7  vols.  Svo.  Treatise  on  Various  Subjects,  1743,  '56  ;  new 
edit.,  revised  by  James  Upton.  Lon.,  1S13,  Svo.  A  Vindi- 
cation of  some  truths  of  Natural  and  Revealed  Religion, 
in  answer  to  James  Foster.  1746,  Svo.  Certain  Efficacy 
of  the  Death  of  Christ  Asserted,  1743,  Svo. 
"Brine's  Treatises  are  singularly  excellent."— Kti.-VND. 
"He  is  a  powerful  writer,  though  some  of  his  doctrm.al  state- 
ments, as  it  appears  to  the  author,  are  pushed  beyond  what  the 
Scripture  warrants."— BicKEP.STETn. 

Bringhurst,  Isaac,  D.D.     Sermons,  Lon.,  1689,  fol. 
Briiighurst,  J.     Sermon,  1749,  4to. 
Briiikley,  John,  1763-1836,  Bishop  of  Cloyne,  gra- 
duated at  Caius  College,  Cambridge,  B.A.,  1788.     He  was 
eminent  for  his  knowledge  of  mathematical  science  and 
astronomy.      Elements   of  Plane  Astronomy,  1822.   Svo; 
the  6tb  edit,  was  edited  with  notes  by  the  Rev.  Dr.  Luby. 
"  Admirable  lectures  on  Astronomy."— ion.  Qmirlcrh/  llviem. 
The  bishop  contributed  a  number  of  mathematical  pa- 
pers to  Trans.  Irish  Society,  1800,  and  to  PhU.  Trans., 
1807,  '10. 

Brinley,  John.     A  Discovery  of  the  Impostures  of 
Witches  and  Astrologers,  Lon.,  1680,  Svo.    Discourse  prov- 


ing by  Scripture  and  Reason  that  there  are  Witches,  Lon., 
1686,  Svo. 

Brinsley,  John,  1600-1665,  a  Nonconformist  divine, 
nephew  of  the  eelehrated  Bishop  Hall,  was  admitted  of 
Emanuel  College,  Cambridge,  at  the  age  of  thirteen  and 
a  half.  He  pub.  several  theological  and  educational  works, 
1612-64.  His  Ludus  Literarius,  or  the  Grammar  School, 
Lon.,  1612,  4to,  was  reprinted  in  1627  with  a  preface  by 
bis  uncle.  Bishop  Hall. 

"  lie  appears  to  have  been  inflexible  in  the  points  which  divided 
so  large  a  body  of  clergymen  fi-om  the  Church." 

Brinsley,  John,  son  of  the  former.  Theolog.  treatises, 
Lon.,  1651,  '52,  '55,  Svo. 

Brinsley,  William.  Discourses  in  1667,  Svo. 
Brisbane,  John,  M.D.  Select  Cases  in  the  Practice 
of  Medicine.  Lon.,  1762-72,  Svo.  Anatomy  of  Painting, 
Lon.,  1769,  fol.  In  this  work  will  be  found  the  six  Tables 
of  Albinus,  the  anatomy  of  Celsus,  with  notes,  and  the 
Physiology  of  Cicero. 

Brisbane,  Maj.  Gen.  Sir  Thomas.  Mathemat 
Con.  to  Ed.  Phil.  Trans.,  1S17. 

Brisman.  Eng.  and  Swedish  Lexicon,  1814,  Svo. 
Bristead,  John.  Tboolog.  treatises,  1743,  '50,  4to. 
Bristed,  Charles  Astor,  b.  cityof  N.York,  182U,  son 
of  Hev.  John  Bristed,  and  grandson  of  John  Jacob  Astor, 
founder  of  the  Astor  Libr;iry.  After  completing  his  studies 
at  Y'ale  Coll.,  he  entered  the  Univ.  of  Cambridge,  Eng.,  where 
he  remained  five  years,  and  took  the  degree  of  B.A.  at 
Trinity  Coll.,  1845.'  1.  Selections  from  Catullus,  1849,  re- 
vised and  edited  with  additional  notes.  2.  Letter  to  the 
Hon.  Horace  Mann;  being  a  Reply  to  Certain  Attacks  on 
Stephen  Girard  and  John  Jacob  Astor  in  a  work  entitled 
■■  Thoughts  for  a  "5'oung  Man."  3.  The  Upper  Ten  Thou- 
sand, New  York,  1852,  12mo.  4.  Five  Years  in  an  Eng- 
lish University.  New  York,  1852,  2  vols.  12mo;  2d  edit., 
1852,  condensed  into  1  vol.  by  the  omission  of  certain  Uni- 
versity Examination  Exercises.  The  American  public  are 
debtors  to  Mr.  Bristed  for  the  valuable  information  drawn 
from  his  own  experience  in  an  English  university.  In  a 
country  like  America — whilst  we  make  our  boast  of  '■  a  mob 
of  gentlemen  who  write  with  ease" — ripe  classical  scholar- 
ship is  too  apt  to  be  undervalued. 

Bristed,  Ezekicl.  Sermon,  1715,  Svo. 
Bristed,  Rev.  John,  177S-1S55,  b.  Dorsetshire,  Eng., 
son  of  a  clerL'yman  of  the  Established  Church,  and  father 
of  C.  A.  BrisVed,  (unte.)  Educated  at  Winchester  ColL 
and  studied  Medicine  at  Edinburgh.  For  two  years  a  pupil 
in  the  law-offlce  of  the  celebrated  Mr.  Chitty.  In  1820  he 
became  Rector  of  St.  Michael's  Church,  Bristol,  R.I., 
having  succeeded  Bishop  Griswold.  A  Pedestrian  Tour 
through  part  of  the  Highlands  of  Scotland  in  1801.  Lon., 
1S04,  2  vols.  Svo.  Crit.  and  Pbilosoph.  Essays,  1S04, 12mo. 
The  System  of  the  Society  of  Friends  Examined,  Lon., 
1805,  Svo.  Edward  and  Anna,  or  A  Picture  of  Human 
Life;  a  Novel,  1805,  2  vols.  12mo.  The  Resources  of  the 
United  States  of  America,  Ac,  New  York,  1818,  Svo;  re- 
printed in  London  under  the  title  of  America  and  her  Re- 
sources, Ac.,  181S,  Svo. 

"  Mr.  Bristed's  'eight  years' have,  we  fear,  been  spent  to  very 
little  purpose,  if  thev  have  not  been  more  proBtable  to  himself 
than  his  '  voluminous  masses  of  materials  relating  to  our  Federa- 
tive Itepublic'  are  likelv  to  be  to  the  world.  He  has  certainly, 
however,  improved,  both  in  style  and  m,atter,  since  we  made  our 
first  .icnuaintance  with  him  as  an  author,  which  it  was  our  fortune 
to  do  some  years  since,  in  the  character  0/  a  pedestrian  traveller 
into  the  Highlands  of  Scotl.-ind.  .  .  .  AVe  conclude  with  declaring, 
that  however  valuable  a  citizen  may  have  lieen  acfiuired  in  Mr. 
Bristed,  and  however  zealous  he  may  be  for  the  interest  of  his 
adopted  countrv.  it  is  our  sincere  hope,  that  this,  his  intellectual 
offspring,  m.ay  always  be  considered  alien  from  our  literary  com- 
munitv." — N>yrth  AimHmn  Iirview,  vii.  1S18. 

••We  cannot  avoid  regarding  Jlr.  Bristed  with  some  degree  of 
respect  His  struL-gles  are  evident.  In  writing  his  bnnk.  his 
pride  in  his  native  countrv,  which  all  his  repnliliranism  has  lii^en 
unable  to  overcome,  hiis  frequently  had  to  contend  with  the  tlat- 
tering  but  unsubstantial  prospect  with  which  the  prophetic  lully 
that  ever  accompanies  democracy  has  impressed  his  mind  to  a  de- 
gree almost  equalling  that  of  the  vain  people  with  whom  ho  18 
domiciled."  Sic.—Lmi.  Qunr.  Krv.      ,    .       ,      .  ^t       v 

Thoughts  on  the  Anglican  and  Anglo-Amer.  Churches; 
bein"  a  Reply  to  Mr.  WiUcs's  Work  on  Correlative  Claims 
and  Duties,  New  York  and  Loudon.  See  Eclectic  Review 
for  January,  1823.  „      „      „ 

Bristol,  John,  Bishop  of.     See  THORNBonoirGH. 
Bristol,  Earls  of.     See  Digby,  George,  Johs. 
Briston,  Mrs.  A.   Trans,  of  the  Maniac;  and  Poems, 
orii'inal  and  trans..  1810,  12mo. 

Bristow,  J.  A.     A  New  Song  to  an  Old  Tune,  1811. 
Bristow,  James.     Narr.  of  his  Sufferings  in  Cap- 
tivity in  India  for  Ten  Y'ears,  Lon.,  1793,  Svo. 


BRI 

Bristow,  J.  C.   Poet,  Works,  Lon.,  1850,  5  vols.  p.  Svo. 

Bristow,  Richard,  1j3!i-1oS1,  a  noted  advoeate  of 
the  C'liurch  of  Kome,  was  entered  of  Christ  Church  Col- 
lege, Oxf..rd,  in  liio;  B.A.,  1559;  M.A.,  1562;  Fellow  of 
Exeter  College,  1567.  Dr.  Allen  made  him  the  first  mo- 
derator in  the  English  College  founded  by  him  at  Douay, 
and  Bristow  was  the  first  member  of  that  college  who  be- 
came a  priest.  A  Brief  Treatise,  io. ;  or.  Motives  unto  the 
Catholic  Faith,  Antwerp,  1574,  16mo;  trans,  into  Latin, 
Douay,  1608,  4to. 

"  Tlie  said  book  contains,  with  great  perspicuity,  order,  and  art, 
divers  most  excellent  works,  wherel)y  to  discern  in  religion  the 
true  judgment  of  the  Catholic  Church  from  the  false  vanity  of  tlie 
heretics,  &c. :  it  is  also  in  all  points  catliolic,  learned,  and  worthy 
to  be  read  and  printed.'" — D.  W.  Allen. 

This  work  led  to  a  controversy  with  Dr.  Will.  Fulke,  of 
Cambridge,  and  several  books  were  published.  Tubula, 
Ac.  St.  Thomte  Ac|uinatis,  1579.  Fifty-one  Demands  to 
be  proposed  by  Catholics  to  Hereticks,  Lon.,  1592,  4to. 
He  was  concerned  in  the  trans,  of  the  Old  and  New  Testa- 
ment pub.  at  Rheims,  aud  wrote  m,any  of  the  commen- 
taries in  the  latter.  Sec  Alan,  William.  Veritatcs  Aurea; 
S.  R.  Ecclesiae  Antoritabus  vet.  Patrum,  ic,  1616, 

Bristow,  W.     Corporation  Acts,  Lon.,  1789,  Svo. 

Bristow,  Whitseii.     Poems,  Lon.,  1811,  Svo. 

Britain,  Jonathan.  Uis  life,  written  by  himself, 
1772.  Svo. 

Britaine,  William  de.  The  Dutch  Usurpation,  and 
their  Behaviiiur  to  the  Kings  of  (Jreat  Britain.  Lon.,  1672, 
4to ;  reprinted  in  Harleian  Miscelljiny,  vol.  iii.  The  In- 
terest of  England  in  the  Present  War  with  Holland,  Lon., 
1672,  4to.  On  Human  Prudence;  or.  The  Way  by  which  a 
Man  may  raise  himself  to  Fortune  and  Grandeur,  Lou., 
169.S,  1702,  Svo;  1710,  12mo. 

Brittle,  Miss  Emily.  The  Indian  Guide;  or,  A 
Journal  of  a  Voyage  to  the  East  Indies  in  the  Year  17S0; 
in  a  I'oetical  Epistle  to  her  mother,  Calcutta,  1785,  Svo. 

Brittou,  John,  1771-1S57,  born  at  Kingston  St. 
Michael,  near  Chippenham,  Wiltshire,  one  of  the  most 
eminent  antiquaries  of  modern  times,  commenced  author- 
ship in  an  humble  w.ay  by  compiling  some  street-song 
books,  and  an  account  of  the  (1.)  Surprising  Adventures  of 
Pizarro.  Some  short  notices  prepared  for  the  Sporting 
Magazine  made  him  acquainted  with  Mr.  Wheble,  its  pub- 
lisher; and  to  the  connexion  thus  formed  Mr.  Britton  owed 
his  introduction  into  the  career  which  he  S()  long  and  ho- 
nourably pursued.  2.  Voyages  of  Columbus  and  Cortes, 
Lon.,  1799.  Svo.  .3.  Beauties  of  Wiltshire,  Lon.,  1801.  2 
vols.  Svo:  vol.  iii.,  1825.  4.  The  Architectural  Antiquities 
of  Great  Britain.  Lon.,  1805-26,  5  vols.  4to. 

"This  is  n  tnilv  spb-iidid  and  interestini;  )>ro*iuction. — scientific 
enough  to  I  \i  itr  ['I  '>ri-^liin;ll  atteTllion,  and  Mlffiri>>iitly  pirtlirc^que 
anddivi-r»lli"l  l.,  alLn^l  an  ampl,- trrut  to  th,' t"-"''ral  rvajl.T.  Itdurs 
high  credil  tij  till,  t.ustc  iiuJ  industry  ot  tlie  iudefiti^able  author, 
and  is  a  real  honour  to  the  country." — iVciw  Anniiai  Register,  1S15. 

5.  The  Cathedral  Antiquities  of  Great  Britain,  1814-32, 
311  engravings,  fi  vols.  4to,  £33;  large  paper,  £55. 

"The  task  which  Browne  Wdlis  left  imperfect  has  been  under- 
taken by  Mr.  Britton,  who  h.TS  contributed  more  than  any  other 
person  to  the  illusiratinu  of  our  architectural  antiquities." — Lon. 
Qltarterlif  Jieview.  S^qit.  Is2ii. 

6.  Picturesque  ,\utiquities  of  English  Cities,  1830,  r.  4to. 
r.  Union  of  Architecture,  Sculpture,  and  Painting,  1S27, 
r.  fol.  8.  Fine  Arts  of  the  English  School,  1812.  9.  A 
Dictionary  of  the  Architecture  and  ArchiBology  of  the 
Middle  Ages,  1830-38,  r.  Svo.  imp.  4to.  10.  An  Historical 
aud  Architectural  Essay  relating  to  Redcliffe  Church, 
Bristod,  1813,  4to.  11.  Fonthill  Abbey,  1823.  12.  Public 
Buildings  of  London,  from  drawings  Ijy  A.  Pugin.  1828- 
33,  2  vols,  r.  Svo.  13.  Historical  Notices  of  Windsor  Castle, 
1842.  14.  Memoir  of  John  Aubrey,  1845.  15.  The  Author- 
ships of  the  Letters  of  Junius  Elucidated,  1848. 

We  regret  that  we  have  not  si)ace  for  the  enumeration 
of  Mr.  B.'s  other  praiseworthy  pulilications,  87  in  all.  See 
a  Brief  Memoir  of  his  Life  and  Writings  in  the  3d  vol.  of 
the  Beauties  of  Wiltshire,  and  Autobiography,  1849,  '50, 
2  vols.  r.  Svo  and  4to. 

"  We  are  persuaded  that  to  him,  more  than  to  any  other  indi- 
vidual, we  are  indebted  for  a  rapidly  progressive  inqjrovement  iu 
the  pictorial  delineations  of  our  architectural  antiquities."— ion. 
Gent.  Mig..  April,  1S18. 

"  Mr.  Britton  stands  conspicuous  among  the  labourers  on  the 
more  lil^eral  and  pleasing  traits  of  autiquarianism.  lie  lias  long 
been  contributing  largely  to  the  gratification  of  a  rational  taste 
for  what  may  be  called  the  monunients  of  past  ages." — Eclectic 
Bcview,  May,  1816. 

"Mr.  Britton's  life  is  one  of  usefulne^a, — an  example  to  the  in- 
dustrious, a  stimulus  to  the  young,  in  every  rank  of  society,  who 
may  be  ambitious  to  tread  the  paths  of  literature  with  honour  to 
themselves  and  benefit  to  the  public." — Lon.  Lit.  GiizeiU.  Oct.  1825. 

"Mr.  Britton  is  not  a  mau  of  marked  originality  or  great  mental 
power;  but.  as  a  careful  and  diligent  writer  in  a  branch  of  litera- 
243 


BRO 

tnre  which  h,id  been  cultivated  chiefly  by  minute  antiquarians,  he 
did  excellent  service  in  calling  the  attention  of  the  educated  public 
to-  Die  lon;;-neglected  topographical  and  architectural  antiquities 
of  England:  there  can  be  little  doubt  that  his  elegantly-illustrated 
works  luave  been  a  chief  exciting  cause  in  bringing  about  the  im- 
proved state  of  public  feeling  with  reference  to  our  national  anti- 
(l\ulKs:'—Kni!jhCs  Eiig.  Cyc.,  Div.  Bing.,  vol.  i.,  q.  v. 
See  Bhayley.  Edward  Wedlake. 
Britton,  Pfich.  Bowre  of  Delights,  Lon.,  1597,  4to; 
doubtless  the  same  as  NiCH.  Buetox,  {q.  r.) 

Britton,  Thomas  Hopkins.  Hoiae  Sacramentales: 
The  Sacramental  Articles  of  the  Church  of  England  vin- 
dicated from  Recent  Misrepresentations,  Ac. 

"  A  very  elabomte  and  learned  work,  detailing  sentiments  of  th 
Reformers  in  opposition  to  the  views  of  Mr.  Gorham." — English 
Review. 

Broackes,  M'illiam.  Constipation  treated  Homeo- 
pathically,  Lon.,  r2mo.  Cutaneous  Diseases  treated  Ho- 
meopathically,  12mo.  Observations  on  Homeopathic  Doc- 
trines, 12jno. 

Broad,  or  Broda-us,  Thomas,  1577-1639,  an  Eng- 
lish divine.  A  Timchstone  for  a  Christian,  1618,  12mo. 
On  the  Sabbath,  1621.  '27,  4to. 

Broadbcnt.     Domcstick  Coffe  Man,  Lon.,  1720,  4to. 
Broadhent,  \\  illiam.     ,«ernions,  1816,  12mo. 
Broadhurst,  Edward.     Sermons,  1733,  Svo. 
Broadhurst,  Rev.  Thomas.     Address  on  Defence 
of  Country,  1803.     To  Young  Ladies  on  the  Improvement 
of  their  Mind,  1808,  12mo;  2d  edit.,  1813.     Funeral  Ora- 
tions on  Military  Men;  from  the  Greek,  1812,  Svo.     Sub- 
stance of  a  Speech  against  the  Proposed  Alteration  in  the 
Corn-Laws.  1814,  Svo. 
Broadley,  John.     Pandora's  Box,  1801,  Svo. 
Broadley,  Robert.    Lectures  on  the  Services,  Creeds, 
and  Offices  of  the  Chur<h  of  England,  Lon.,  1836,  Svo. 
Broadley,  Thomas.    Religion  of  Moses,  1805,  Svo. 
Brocardus,  Francis.     His  Alcoran  against  Popish 
Plots  and  Conspiracies,  Lon.,  1679,  4to. 

Brocas,  J.     Calvinism  Unmasked,  1812,  Svo. 
Brock,  Irving.     Patriots  and  Whigs  the  most  dan- 
gerous Enemies  of  the  State,  1810,  Svo.     Bcrnier's  Travels 
iu  the  Mogul  Empire;  from  the  French,  Lon., 1826, 2  vols.  Svo. 
'■  A  good  translation  of  this  excellent  old  traveller." — Lon.  Quar. 
Reeiew. 

Brock,  Thomas.  The  Importance  of  Religion  to 
the  Military  Life,  18111,  4to.  Infancy;  a  Poem,  1816,  Svo. 
Brock,  Thomas.  An  aflectiouate  address  to  the 
members  of  the  Church  of  England,  in  which  the  most 
popular  arguments  for  separation  are  considered  and  re- 
futed, Guernsey,  1826,  Svo. 

"  A  truly  pious  and  excellent  address  iu  favour  of  the  Church 
of  England." — Cickerstlth. 

Brockedon,  W.,  1787-1S54.    Excursions  in  the  Alps, 
1845.  Svo.     Views  in  Italy.  1S42-44,  imp.  4to,  £5  10s. 
"  .\  work  of  equal  interest  and  beauty." — Lon.  Aihenieum. 
"  We  gladly  welcome  it  .as  an  able  sjiecimen  of  what  can  be  done 
in  Englaud  by  the  draughtsman  aud  the  engraver." — Lon.  Lit.  Gaz. 
lload-Book  from  London  to  Naples,  1835,  Svo. 
"One  of  the  most  useful,  compact,  and  elegant  works  of  the  kind 
that  we  have  seen." — Lon.  Spectator. 

Passes  of  the  Alps,  illustrated  by  119  superb  engravings, 
1828,  2  vols.  4to ;  Largest  paper,  India  Proofs  and  Etchings, 
pub.  at  £63 ;  6  copies  printed. 

"One  of  the  moat  valuable  and  interesting  works  of  modern 
times.  We  have  no  hesitation  iu  stating  that  a  volume  of  more 
uuiform  excellence  has  never  been  published  in  England." — Brit. 
Magazine. 

"  Much  information  will  be  obtained  from  Mr.  Brockedon's  most 
be-autiful  work  on  the  Passes  of  the  Alps." — Di.^.  on  the  Passage  of 
Hannibal  over  the  Alps,  by  H.  L.  Wick/iam,  A.M.,  and  the  Rev.  S.  A. 
Cramer,  A.M.,  Oxford. 

Brockett,  John  Trotter,  1788-1842,  an  antiquary 
of  some  note,  and  the  owner  of  a  very  curious  library  .and 
a  valuable  coUectiim  of  coins  aud  medals.  His  coins  and 
medals,  sold  June,  1823,  produced  nearly  £2000.  His  li- 
brary, sold  December,  1823,  produced  upwards  of  £4000. 
Selecta  Numismata  Aurea  Imperatorum  Romauorum  ex 
Museo  J,  T.  Brockett,  Nov.  Cast.,  1822;  32  copies  Svo 
and  2  cr.  4to.  Glossary  of  North-Country  Words,  New- 
castle, 1825,  cr.  Svo;  2d  edit..  2  vols.  p.  Svo. 

Brocklesby,  or  Brockwell,  Charles.  Church 
Hist,  of  (ir.  Britain,  Lou.,  1718,  Svo.  Hist,  of  Portugal, 
Brazil,  Ac,  17*i>,  Svo. 

Brocklesbv,  John,  b.  1811,  Eng;  came  to  U.S. 
1820;  grad.  at  Yale  Coll.,  1835:  Prof.  Math.  4e.  Trinity 
Coll.,  Hartford,  1842-58.  1.  Elements  of  Meteorology; 
15th  ed.,  185S.  12mo.  Highly  recommended  by  Donison 
Olmsted,  LL.D.,  J.  L.  Comstoek,  M.D.,  Benj.  Silliman, 
LL.D.,  and  others.  Republished  iu  England  and  Scotland. 
2.  Views  of  the  Microscopic  World,  12mo.  3.  Elements  of 
Astronomy,  12mo.     4.  Common-School  Astronomy. 


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Brocklesby,  Richard.  Ad  Explicntion  of  the  Gns- 
pel-theism,  and,  the  Divinity  of  the  Christian  Religion, 
Luu.,  17'J6,  fol. 

"  A  leai-iu'd  .Hiid  curious  work." — LnwNPES. 

Brocklesby,  Richard,  M.D.,  1722-1797,  the  gene- 
rous friend  ui' .Samuel  Johnson  and  Edmund  Burke,  deserves 
ever  to  be  held  in  honoured  rememhrance.  Some  of  his 
profess,  essays  will  be  found  in  Phil.  Trans.  Abr.,  1747,  '55, 
and  in  Med.  Obs.  and  Inq.,  1707.  He  pub.  an  Essay  con- 
cerning the  Mortality  of  the  Horned  Cattle,  Lon.,  1746, 
8vo.  Economical  and  Med.  Observations,  1764,  Svo,  and 
some  other  works. 

"As  an  instance  of  extraordinary  liberality,  Johnson  told  us 
that  Dr.  Brocklesby  had  upon  this  occasion  (his  contemplated 
journey  to  Italy,  for  the  restoration  of  his  health]  offered  him  a 
hundred  [pounds]  a  year  for  his  life.  A  grateful  tt-ar  started  into 
his  eye,  as  he  spoke  this  In  a  faltering  tone." — Boswell. 

He  also  urged  Dr.  Johnson  to  live  with  him,  that  he 
miglit  have  him  continually  under  his  cnre. 

"  My  physician  in  ordinary  is  Dr.  Itrocklesby,  who  comes  almost 
every  day." — Johnson  to  Mm.  Tkrob\  Lnndo>},  Oct.  6,  17S3. 

"The  kiud  attention  which  you  have  so  long  shown  to  my 
health  and  happiness  makes  it  as  much  a  deht  of  gratitude  as  a 
call  of  interest  to  give  you  an  account  of  what  beCills  me,  when 
accident  removes  me  from  your  immediate  care.  .  .  .  You  write 
to  me  with  a  zeal  that  animates,  and  a  tenderness  that  melts,  me." 
— Jofin-^fn  to  Brocl.h:shy,  a  few  months  before  Johnson's  death. 

This  benevolent  man  had  placed  Edmund  Burke's  name 
in  his  will  for  £1000,  but  considering  that  Burke  might 
die  first,  (which  he  did  l>y  five  months,)  he  insisted  upon 
presenting  him  with  the  money,  which  he  did  in  the  most 
handsome  manner. 

'■That  you  may  long  live, — for  talent  an  ornament  to  human 
kind,  and  fur  your  country,  your  friends,  and  fiimily,  (he  same 
happy  man  iu  prosperity,  as  you  have  ever  approved  yourself 
whilst  withdrawn  from  the  sunshine  of  a  court — this,  with  much 
more,  (if  any  thing  can  be  better,)  is  the  fervent  wish  of, 
My  dear  Burke. 
Your  sincere  and  ever  affectionate  humble  servant, 

London,  Jidy  2. 17S8.  Richard  Brocelesby." 

Brocliwcll,  Charles.     See  Brocklesby. 

BrockweH,  Joseph.  Exps.  of  the  Lord's  Prayer,1784. 

Urocq,  Philip  Le.     See  Lebrock. 

Brotlbelt,  F.R.,  M.D.  Con.  to  Mem.  Med.,  1799, 1805. 

Broiibelt,  G.  C.     Sermons.  1799.  8vo. 

Broderick,  >liss.  Cumberland  Cottage;  a  Tale, 
181.?.  3  vols.  12mo. 

Broderick,  Sir  John.  Vindication  from  Aspersion, 
1690.  4tn. 

Broderip,  William  John,  b.  at  Bristol,  and  was 
called  to  the  bar  in  1817;  a  distinguished  popular  natu- 
ralist: Fellow  Linniean  Soc.  1824;  Geol.  Soc..  1825, 
Roy.  Soc,  1828  ;  one  of  the  originators  of  the  Zoological 
Society,  and  its  Vice-President.  He  was  one  of  the  princi- 
pal contributors  to  the  Penny  Cyclopedia,  and  is  the  author 
of  the  chief  portion  of  the  Zoology  of  Knight's  English 
Cyclopedia.  After  editing  a  legal  work  on  Sewers,  he  pub., 
in  counettion  with  P.  Bingham.  Reports  in  the  C.  Pleas, 
1819-22.  3  vols.  r.  8vo:  a  continuation  of  Taunton's  Re- 
ports: further  continued  by  Mr.  Bingham.  1.  Zoological 
Recreations,  Lon.,  1847;  3d  ed.,  1857,  p.  Svo. 

"  We  believe  we  do  not  exaggerate  in  saying  that,  since  the  pul)- 
Ijcation  of  White's  Natural  History  of  Selborne.  and  of  the  Intro- 
diiction  to  Entomolofiy.  by  Kirby  and  Ppence.  no  work  in  our  lan- 
guage is  better  calculated  than  the  ZonIoe:ical  Itecre;itions  to  fulfil 
the  avowed  aim  of  its  author, — to  furnisli  a  Iiand-book  which  may 
cltf-ri-h  or  awaken  a  love  for  natural  history." — Lon.  Qnai:  Hev. 

2.  Leaves  from  the  Note-Book  of  a  Naturalist,  1851, 
p.  Svo. 

Brodhead,  John  Romeyn,  son  of  the  Rev.  Jacob 
Brodbend.  D.I.).,  wa?  born  in  Philadelphia  in  1814:  gradu- 
ated at  Rutgers  College.  New  Brunswick,  N.  J.,  1831.  In 
1839  he  was  attached  to  the  U.  S.  Legation  at  the  Hague, 
and  in  1841  acted  as  agent  of  the  State  of  New  York 
to  procure  Historical  Documents  in  Europe.  In  1846  was 
api)ointed  Secretary  of  Legation  at  London  under  Mr. 
Bancroft  as  minister;  and  in  1853  became  Naval  Officer 
of  the  Port  of  New  York.  1.  An  Address  delivered  before 
the  N.  Y.  Historical  Society.  1844.  2.  Report  as  Historical 
Agent  of  the  State  of  N.  Y'ork,  1845.  3.  History  of  the 
State  of  N.  York.  First  period,  8vo,  1853.  4.  Address 
befnre  the  Clinton  Hall  Association,  N.  Y'.,  1854,  &c. 

Brodie,  Alexander.  History  of  the  Ruman  Govern- 
ment, Lon.,  ISIO,  '14,  Svo.  Diary  of  A.  Brodie,  Edin., 
1740.  8vo. 

Brodie,  Sir  Benjamin  Collins,  Bart.,  b.  1783, 
Serjeant-surgeon  to  Queen  Victnria,  which  post  he  held 
under  William  TV.  and  George  IV.,  was  a  student  of  Sir 
Everard  Home.  His  profession  is  said  to  produce  him 
£10.000  per  annum.  1.  Account  of  the  Dissection  of  the 
Human  Foetus,  in  which  the  circulation  of  the  blood  is 
carried  on  without  a  heartj  Phil.  Trans.,  1809.   2.  Physio- 


logical Researches  respecting  the  influence  of  the  Brain 
on  the  actiiin  of  the  Heart  and  on  the  generation  of  ani- 
mal heat:  Phil.  Trans.,  1811.  3.  Experiments  and  Obser- 
vations on  the  different  modes  in  which  Death  is  produced 
by  certain  Vegetable  Poisons;  Phil.  Trans..  1811.  These 
papers  were  republished  with  Notes,  Lon.,  1831.  4.  Ex- 
periments and  01>servations  on  the  Influence  of  the  Nerves 
of  the  Eighth  Pair  on  tho  Secretions  of  the  Stomach  ;  Phil. 
Tran.s.,  1814.  5.  Local  Nervous  Affections,  1837,  Svo. 
6.  Lectures  illustrative  of  Various  Subjects  in  Pathology 
and  Surgery,  1846,  Svo. 

"  We  attach  a  very  hish  value  to  these  Lectures.  Their  style  ia 
clear,  demonstrative,  and  luiafTected,  decided,  and  energetic,  but 
altogether  free  from  dopnafism  or  owr-confidence.  They  are 
strictly  lu-actical;  and  much  of  the  information  which  they  con- 
tain will  assuredly  do  the  readier  and  his  patients  good  service  in 
time  of  need." — Medical  Gazette. 

7.  Pathological  and  Surgical  Observations  on  Diseases 
of  the  J«dnts.  1818.  8vo ;  5th  ed..  1850.  Several  editions 
of  this  valuable  work  have  been  published  in  the  U.S. 
8.  Lectures  on  the  Diseases  of  the  Urinary  Organs.  1832, 
Svo;  4th  ed..  1849.  Republished  in  U.S.  9.  Psychological 
Inqiiiries.  lS.=i4.  12mo;  3d  cd.,  1856. 

Brodie,  George.  History  of  the  Briti.sh  Empire, 
from  the  Accession  of  Charles  I.  to  the  Restoration,  4  vols. 
Svo,  1822.  Mr.  Brodie  brings  grave  charges  against 
Hume's  History. 

'•  It  is  not  well  written  in  point  of  style,  and  the  author  must 
be  considered  as  a  writer  on  the  popular  side,  but  he  is  a  mau  of 
research  and  independence  of  mind.  It  is  a  work  of  weight  and 
learniiifT.  and  it  ajipears  to  me  forever  to  have  damai^ed,  and  most 
materially  damai:ed.  the  character  of  Mr.  Hume  as  an  aeeurate 
historian.  .  .  .  ^Ir.  Brodie  is  a  se,ircher  into  original  records.'" — 
P,ff.  .Siiii/ffi's  Lediives  on  Modern  History. 

Brodie,  James,     Medical  Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1697. 

Brodie,  >V.  U.     Reply  to  Calumnies,  1812. 

Brodrick)  Thomas.  Historia  Sacra.  Lon..  1705, 
Svo.  Hist,  of  the  late  War  in  the  Netherlands,  Lon., 
1713.  2  vols.  Svo. 

Brodiim,  William,  M.D.     Guide  to  Old  Age,  2  vols. 

Broaden,  James,  of  Trinity  College,  Cambridge. 
Catholic  Safeguards  against  Popery,  3  vols.  Svo,  Lon..  1846. 

*■  A  more  ample  treasury  is  now  placed  within  the  reach  of  tho 
clergy  by  Mr.  lirogden's  useful  and  well-timed  publication,  Catho- 
lic fjafeguards,  which  contain  a  selection  of  the  ablest  discoui'Ses 
on  the  errors  of  the  Church  of  Rome,  chosen  from  the  worlds  rif 
our  eminent  divines  who  lived  during  the  17th  ceutury." — Bislivp 
of  Londim's  Chart/e. 

'*  A  most  valuable  repository  of  the  ancient  armour  of  the 
Church  of  England  for  the  conflict  with  Rome." — Jrchdencon  Hiir- 
riscn's  Charge. 

Illustrations  of  the  Liturgy  and  Ritual  of  the  United 
Church  of  England  and  Ireland,  3  vols.  p.  Svo,  Lon.,  1842. 

"I  may  be  ptrmitted  to  recommend  a  selection  from  the  works 
of  the  great  divines  of  the  17th  century,  by  th«  Rev.  James  Ilrog- 
den,  as  a  most  valuable  addition  to  every  parochial  clergyman's.and, 
indeed,  to  every  churchman's,  library." — Bishop  of  Exeter's  Charge. 

*'  Mr.  Brogden's  useful  Collection  of  Discourses  on  the  Liturgy 
and  Ritual  of  the  Church." — Bishop  of  London's  Charge. 

"  I  take  this  opportunity  nf  recommending  it  to  a  place  in  every 
churchman's  library." — Archdeaaoi  Thurpe's  Charr/e. 

Brosrrave,  Sir  John.     Statute  on  Jointures,  1648. 

Brograve,  Robert.     A  Sermon,  1689,  4to. 

Brohier,  J.  II.     English  and  French  Cambist.  181S. 

Broke,  or  Brooke,  Arthur.  The  Tragicall  Historyo 
of  Romeus  and  Juliet,  written  first  in  Italian  by  Eandell, 
nowe  iu  Englishe  by  Ar  [thur]  Br  [oke],  Lon.,  by  Richard 
Tottill,  1662.  4to.  Agreemente  of  soudry  Places  of  Scrip- 
ture, seeming  in  shew  to  iarre,  serwing  in  stead  of  Com- 
mentaryes  not  only  for  these,  but  others  lyke.  Trans,  out 
of  French,  and  now  fyrst  publyshed  by  Arthur  Broke, 
Lon.,  15G8,  Svo.     Tuberville  gives  us 

"  An  Kpitaph  on  the  death  of  maister  Arthur  Brooke,  drowned 
in  passing  to  Newhaven," 
printed  with  his  Songs  and  Sonets,  1567. 

Broke,  John  Gardener.  His  Confession  of  tho 
Christinn  Faith.   Trans,  out  of  French,  Lon.,  1573,  'S3,  Svo. 

Broke,  Sir  Robert.     See  Buooke. 

Broke,  Thomas.     See  Brooke. 

Brokesby,  Francis,  1637-1715.  Fellow  of  Trinity 
College,  Cambridge;  then  Rector  of  Rowley;  became  a 
Nonjuror.  Of  Education.  1710,  Svo.  A  Life  of  Christ. 
A  Letter  to  Hcarne,  Oxf..  1711.  Svo.  Church  History, 
1712,  Svo.  Life  of  Dodwell.  1715,  2  vols.  Svo.  He  also 
assisted  Nelson  in  the  compilation  of  his  Companion  to 
the  Festivals  and  Fasts. 

BroUet,  John.     Sermon,  Lon.,  1642,  4to. 

Brokis,  James,  D.B.     Sermon,  Lon.,  1553,  Svo. 

Bromby,  J.  H.     Visitation  Sermon,  18(19,  4to. 

Brome,  Alexander,  1620-1666.  an  attorney  in  Lord 
Mayor's  Court,  and  a  poet;  contributed  not  a  little  to  the 
promotion  of  the  Restoration  by  the  severity  and  ridicule 
with  which  he  treated  the  Roundheads  in  the  duv  of  their 

249 


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power.  The  Cunning  Lovers;  a  Comerty.  Lon.,  Ifi54,  4to. 
Fancy's  Festivals.  1657,  4to.  A  Congratulatory  Poem  on 
the  Miraculous  and  Glorious  Return  of  Charles  11..  lOfiO, 
fol.  Trans,  of  Horace,  by  Himself.  Fanshaw,  Holliday, 
Hawkins.  Cowley.  Ben  jonson,  &c.  It  seems  he  hail 
designed  to  translate  Lucretius.  He  pub.  2  vcds.  of 
Richard  Brome's  plays.  Isaac  Walton  commends  Brome 
highly. 

Brorae,    Etlmnnd,    Fellow  of   St.  John's    College, 
Cambridge.     Sermons,  1709-12. 
'    Bi-omc,  James.     Sermons,  1678-1707. 

Brome,  James.  Travels  over  Scotland,  Engl.ind, 
«nd  Wales,  Lon.,  1700,  '07,  '26,  Svo.  Travels  through 
Portugal,  Spain,  and  Italy,  1712,  Svo. 

Brome,  Richard,  d.  1652,  originally  a  menial  ser- 
vant of  Ben  Jonson,  wrote  himself  into  high  repute.  The 
Biog.  Dramat.  enumerates  fifteen  plays  of  his,  besides 
several  others  which  are  ascribed  to  him.  Of  these  the 
best  known  are  The  Northern  Lass,  1632,  4to.  The  Anti- 
podes, 1640,  4to.  The  Jovial  Crew,  1652,  4to.  The  City 
Wit,  165.S,  Svo.  The  Court  Beggar,  1653,  Svo.  Jonson 
compliments  Brome  on  the  Northern  Lass.  Two  volumes 
containing  his  Ten  New  Plays  were  pub.  1653-59.  La- 
chryma;  Musarum,  Lon.,  1650,  Svo. 

"  liromi-.  ill  imitation  of  his  master,  laid  it  down  as  bis  first  preat 
point,  to  apijlj  dusely  to  the  study  of  men  and  manners."— Bioff. 
UrunuU. 

Brome,  William.  Indices  quincpie  ad  Thcsaurum 
Ling.  Sept.  Hickcsii,  Oxon.,1705. 

liromehcad,  Joseph.     Puljlic  Infirmaries,  1772. 
Bromesgrove,  Samuel.     Sermon.  1704,  4to. 
Bromlield,>Villiam.  Thool.  treatises.  Lon.,  1725, '26. 
Bromlield,  Sir  William,  1712-1792,  surgeon  to  fieo. 
III.,  pull,  atreatise  on  Inocul.ation  forthe  Small-PoK,  1767, 
Svo.     Chirurgical  Cases  and  Observations.  1773,  2  vols.  Svo. 
and  some  other  profess,  essays.     Some  of  his  papers  will 
be  foun.l  in  Med.  Obs.  and  Inq..  and  Phil.  Trans. 

Bromhall,   Thomas.      Treatise   of  Spirits;  or,  an 
History  of  Apparitions,  Oracles,  Prophecies,  and  Predic- 
tions, with  Dreams.  Visions,  and  Revelations.  Lon.. 1658,fol. 
Bromhead,  E.  F.     Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1816. 
Bromley,  Eliza.      Cave  of  Consenza;  a  Romance 
from  the  Italian.  ISO!',.  2  vols.  12mo. 

Bromley,  Sir  George.      Miscellanea  Anglia,  a  Col- 
lection of  origin.al  Royal  Letters,  written  by  K.  Charles  I. 
and  K.  J.ames  II..  and  the  King  and  Queen  of  Bohemia, 
Ac,  Lon.,  17S7,  Svo. 
"  A  valuable  collection." — Lowndes. 

Bromley,  Henry.  Catalogue  of  Engraved  British 
Portraits,  from  Egbert  the  Great  to  the  present  Time,  with 
an  Appendix,  containing  the  Portraits  of  such  Foreigners 
as  either  by  Alliance  with  the  Royal  Family  of,  or  Resi- 
dence as  visitors  in,  this  Kingdom  may  claim  a  place  in  the 
British  Series.  Interspersed  with  Notices,  Biographical, 
and  Genealogical,  never  before  published,  Lon.,  1793,  4to. 
Two  Addresses  on  the  Deplorable  State  of  the  Indians, 
1S15,  Svo. 

Bromley,  John,  d.  1717,  a  schoolmaster,  is  said  to 
have  had  Alexander  Pope  for  one  of  his  pupils.  Tran.s. 
of  the  Catechism  of  the  Council  of  Trent,  Lon.,  16S7,  Svo. 
Bromley,  Uobert  Anthony,  d.  1806.  Sermons, 
1770-90.  A  Philosophical  and  Critical  History  of  the  Fine 
Arts,  Painting,  Sculpture,  and  Architecture,  in  i  parts, 
Lon.,  1793-95,  4to,  2  vols. 

Bromlc  V,  Thomas.  Sabb.ath  of  Rest,  Lon.,  1710,  Svo. 
Broiiilcv,  Walter.     Military  treatises,  Lon.,  1812. 
Bromley,  William,  Speaker  of  the  House  of  Com- 
mons in  1710.     Several  ye.ars'  Travels  through  Portugal, 
Spain,  Italy,  Ac,  Lon.,  li'02.  Svo.     Remarks  on  the  Grand 
Tour  of  Prance  and  Italy,  Lon.,  1692,  1705,  Svo. 

"The  tiist  edition  of  Mr.  Bromley's  Grand  Tour  was  published 
in  1612  and  is  said  to  h,ave  been  withdrawn  soon  aft«r,  in  conse- 
HUeuce  of  a  chan!;e  in  his  politics.  The  second  edition  was  pub- 
lished, without  pel-mission,  bv  one  of  the  Whig  party,  upon  an 
occasion  when  it  was  most  likely  to  prove  a  source  of  annoyance; 
with  the  addition  of  a  Table  of  Contents,  tumins  the  author  s  ob- 
servations into  ridicule."— Uenhy  G.  Boun,  editor  of  BMiotheca 
Purrfann.  1.S27:  I'irfe  p.  703.  ,    .,,    ,     r 

Brompton,  John,  a  Cistercian  monk,  and  Abbot  ot 
Jorevall  or  Jerevall,  in  Richmondshire.  The  Chronicon  to 
which  his  name  is  attached  extends  from  6SS  to  the  death 
of  Richard  I.,  11 98.  It  is  printed  in  Decern  Script.  Hist. 
Anglia;,  Lon.,  1652,  fol. 

"It  is  not  indeed  likely  that  this  history  was  written  by 
any  member  of  the  Abbey  of  Joroval,  since  it  takes  no  notice 
ot  the  foundation  of  that  monastery,  ic,  but  only  procured 
by  Abbot  Uromptou,  and  by  him  bestowed  on  his  monastery." 
Bee  Selden  in  Vitis  X.  Script. ;  Tanner ;  Nicolsou's  English  His- 
torical Library. 

Bromivich.     Sermon,  1770,  Svo. 

250 


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Bromwich,  Bryan  J'Anson.  The  Experienced 
Eco-Keeper:  an  Es^^ay  on  the  Management  of  Bees,  1783, 
Svo.     A  Poem,  1796.     Church  of  Home.  1797,  Svo. 

Bronsted,  P.  O.  Essay  on  the  Bronzes  of  Siris  in 
the  British  Museum.  Lon.,  Ibl. 

Bronte,  Charlotte,  (Mrs.  Nicholls,)  born  1824, 
daughter  of  Rev.  Patrick  Bronte,  curate  of  Haworth,  in 
Yorkshire;  married  Rev.  Arthur  Bell  Nicholls,  her  father's 
curate,  in  1854,  and  died  in  1855.  She  and  her  two  sisters 
have  become  widely  known  to  fame  under  the  assumed 
names  of  Currer,  Acton,  and  Ellis  Bell. 

"  Averse  to  personal  publicity,  we  veiled  our  names  under  those 
of  Currer,  Acton,  and  Ellis  Bell,— the  ambiguous  choice  being  dic- 
tated by  a  sort  of  conscientious  scruple  at  assuming  Christiaa 
names  positively  masculine,  while  we  did  not  Uke  to  declare  oui^ 
selves  women,  because— without  at  that  time  suspecting  that  our 
mode  of  writing  and  thinking  was  not  what  is  called  •  feminme 

we  had  a  vague  impression  that  authoresses  are  likely  to  be 

looked  on  with  prejudice;  we  had  noticed  how  critics  sometimes 
use  for  their  cLastisement  the  weapon  of  persouality,  and  for  their 
roWM-d  a  flatteiy  which  is  not  true  praise."— Biographical  notice 
by  Currer  Bdl,  i.c.  Ciiarlutte  Bruntc. 

Anno  (Acton  Bell)  died  in  1848.  EmUy  (Ellis  Bell) 
died  1S49.  Charlotte  was  more  successful  as  an  authoress 
than  her  si.sters.  Few  novels  have  gained  such  immcdiata 
popularity  as  was  accorded  to  Jane  Eyre.  Wc  append  some 
notices  of  several  of  the  works  of  the  literary  sisterhood. 

Jane  Eyre :  an  Autobiography,  Lon.,  1S4S,  3  vols.  p.  Svo, 
by  Currer  Boll,  [Charlotte  Bronte.] 

"  Almost  .all  that  we  require  in  a  novelist  the  writer  has, — per- 
ception of  character  and  knowledge  of  delineating  it,  picturesque- 
ness,  passion,  and  knowledge  of  hfe.  Reality- deep,  significant 
reaUty— is  the  characteristic  of  this  book."— J='iaser's  Magazine. 

'•  The  popularity  of  Jane  Eyre  was  doubtless  due  in  part  to  the 
freshness,  i-aciness,  and  vigour  of  mind  it  evinced;  but  it  was  ob- 
tained not  so  much  bv  these  qualities  as  by  frequent  dealings  in 
mor,al  paradox  and  bj'  the  hardihood  of  its  assaults  upon  the  pre- 
judices of  proper  people."— E.  P.  Whipple  ;  N.  Amer.  Jlev.,  Ixvil.  3o7. 

Shirley;  a  Tale,  by  Currer  Bell,  1849,  3  vols.  p.  Svo. 

"  There  is  greiit  ability  in  this  work ;  it  is  full  ot  eloquence.  The 
descriptive  passages  have  seldom  been  surpassed  in  beauty  and 
picturesqueness.  The  presence  ot  a  searching  power  and  a  lofty 
genius  is  visible." — Be/Uley's  Misceltawj. 

Wnthering  Heights,  by  Acton  Bell,  1847. 

"  We  strongly  recommend  it  to  all  our  readers,  for  we  can  promise 
them  they  never  read  any  thing  like  it  before."— Docolas  Jeeeold. 

"  It  reminds  us  of  the  'Nowlans'  by  Banim.  It  is  a  colossal  per- 
formance."— Lon.  AlU/s. 

"  A  work  of  very  great  t.alent." — Lon.  Examiner. 

'■  As  the  characters  of  the  tale  are  unattractive,  so  the  chief  in- 
cidents are  sadiv  wanting  in  probability.  They  are  devoid  of  truth- 
fulness, are  not'in  harmony  \,ith  the  actual  world,  and  have,  there- 
fore, but  little  more  power  to  move  our  symp-athies  than  tlie  ro- 
mances of  the  Middle  Ages,  or  the  ghost^stories  which  made  our 
grand-dames  tremble." — Lon.  Eclectic  Kcview. 

The  Tenant  of  Wildfeld  Hall,  by  Acton  Bell,  3  vols. 

p.  Svo. 

"We  give  our  honest  recommendation  of  Wildfeld  IlaU  as  the 
most  interesting  novel  we  have  read  for  a  month  past." — Lon. 
Atftenipum.  .      ,     .     .     „ 

"  A  story  of  intense  interest.  All  is  plainly  simple,  hut  all  so 
beautifully,  so  exquisitely  natural,  so  true  to  the  feelings  of  the 
heart,  that  the  attention  of  the  reader  is  fixed  and  absorbed.  — 
Sfaval  and  Military  Gaz. 

"  The  Tenant  of  Wildfeld  Hall  is  altogether  a  less  pleasant  story 
than  its  immediate  predecessor,  though  it  resembles  it  in  the  ex- 


cessive clumsiness  with  wliicli  the  plot  is  arranged  and  the  promi- 
nence given  to  the  brut.al  clement  of  human  nature."— E.  1. 
Wuipple:  N.  American  Review,  Ixvii.  359. 

Poems  by  Currer,  Ellis,  and  Acton  Bell,  1846. 

"  Remarkable  as  being  the  first  efibrts  of  undoubted  genius  to 
find  some  congenial  form  of  expression.  They  are  not  common 
verses,  but  show  many  of  the  vigorous  quahtles  in  the  prose  works 
of  the  same  writers.  The  lore  of  nature  which  characterizes  Currer 
Bell's  prose  works  pervades  the  whole  of  the  present  volume.  — 
Lon.  Christian  Rpmemhrancer. 

Wuthcring  Heights  and  Agnes  Grey,  by  Ellis  and  Acton 
Bell,  with  a  Selection  of  their  Literary  Rcm.ains,  and  a 
Biographical  Notice  of  both  -Authors,  by  Currer  Bell,  1850, 
3  vols.  p.  Svo.  Life  of  Charlotte  Bronte,  by  Mrs.  Gaskell, 
1S57,  2  vols.  p.  Svo;  N.Y.,  2  vols.  12mo. 

"  The  story  of  a  woman's  life,  unfolded  iu  this  book,  is  calculated 
to  make  the  old  feel  young  and  the  young  old.  ...  By  all  thu 
book  wiU  be  read  wi'lh  interest.  .  .  .  Mrs.  Gaskell  has  produced 
one  of  the  best  biographies  of  a  woman  by  a  woman  which  we 
can  recall  to  mind." — Lem.  Athenxnm^  No.  1536. 

In  consetiucnce  of  alleged  misstatements  (some,  at  least, 
of  which  were  acknowledged)  in  this  work,  portions  of  it 
were  suppressed  iu  subsei|uent  editions. 

Bronte,  Rev.  Patrick,  father  of  Currer,  Acton, 
and  Ellis  Bell.     Cottage  Poems,  1811,  Svo. 

"  The  author  has  written  not  only  tor  the  good  of  the  pious,  but 
for  the  good  of  those  who  are  not  so;  and  he  hopes  Ins  poems  will 
be  rendered  useful  to  some  poor  soul  who  cares  Utile  about  critical 
matters."  „  .^         .    ^.       ^^ 

The  Rural  Minstrel :  a  Miscellany  of  Descriptive  Poems, 
1814,  12mo.     See  Colburn's  Diet,  of  Living  Authors. 


BRO 


BRO 


Broiitius.     Lovaltv  Asserted,  1681,  8vo.  | 

lirook,  Abrahani.  Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1782;  on  j 
Ek-i-tricity.  the  Air  Pump,  the  Barometer,  *tu. 

Brook,  Benjamin.  Lives  of  the  Puritans,  Lon.,  ( 
ISia.  3  vols.  Svo.  I 

*'  This  works  forms  a  comprehensive  append.it:e  to  Neat's  His- 
tory of  the  Puritans,  and  Talmei-'s  Nonconformist's  Memorial.'       ^ 
''  This  work  is  remarkable  for  extensive  research,  poverty  of  die-  , 
tion,  zeal  in  the  cause  of  Dissent,  and  unceremonious  reflections  ., 
upou  Churchmen." — Dr,  E.  Williams. 

A  History  of  Religious  Liberty,  1821,  2  vols.  Svo. 
Brook,  Jonathan.    A  Cnlk-etion  of  Moral  Sentences, 
from  Ancient  and  iModern  ^A'riters.  IJrist.,  1770,  8vo. 

Brookbank,  or  Brooksbank,  Joseph,  b.  1612,  , 
educated  at  Braseuose  College,  Oxford.     The  Well-Tuned 
Organ;  on  Music,  Lon.,  1660,  fol.     A  Breviate  of  Lilly's 
Grammar,  1660,  Svo.     Rebels  Tried  and  Cast,  1661,  12mo; 
being  3  Sermons  on  Rom.  xiii.  2. 

Brooke,  Major.     Short  Addresses  to  the  Children 
of  the  Sunday  Seliool,  on  Texts  of  Scripture,  1791,  12mo. 
Brooke,  Arthnr.     See  Broke. 

Brooke,  Captain  De  Capell.  Travels  in  Spain  and 
Morocco.  2  v<*ls.  Svn.  Travels  through  Sweden.  Norway, 
Ac.  in  1820,  -Uo.  Winter  in  Lapland  and  Sweden,  1827, 
4to.     This  accurate  and  valuable  work  has  become  rare. 

Brooke,  Charlotte,  daughter  of  Henry  Brooke,  the 
Novelist  and  Dramatist  Relique.s  of  Irish  Poetry,  trans, 
into  Euglish  Verse,  with  Notes,  and  an  Irish  Tale.  Dubl., 
17S9,  4to.  Dialogue  between  a  Lady  and  her  Pupils,  de- 
scribing a  Journey  thi-ough  England  and  Wales.  Natural 
History,  &c.,  1796,  Svo, 

*'  W'e  approve  this  ]>lan,  as  the  young  mind  may  thus  he  di-awn, 
by  the  sul'jects  ocrasionaHy  introduced,  to  attend  to  matters  of 
useful  information,  insti-ad  of  the  very  trivial  tuples  with  which 
books  of  education  are  sometimes  tilled." — Ltin.  MoutMi/  Jiei\.  17'.'l3. 
Emma,  or  the  Foundling  of  the  Wood;  a  Novel,  1803, 
12mo. 

Brooke,  Mrs.  Charlotte,  has  gained  considerable 
reputation  by  occasional  poetical  eftusions. 

"  Si'uie  of  her  poems  have  a  sweetness  of  flow  and  delicacy  of 
sentiment  that  seem  made  out  of  music,  rather  than  for  it.  She 
seems  only  to  have  wanted  some  deep  incitement,  such  as  a  sense 
of  duty  imparts  to  a  woman's  genius,  in  order  to  have  excelled." 
— Woman's  liecord. 

Mrs.  Hale  quotes  "A  Lover's  Lines"  as  a  specimen  of 
Mrs.  Brooke's  style. 

Brooke,  Christopher.  Funeral  Elegy  on  Prince 
Henry,  Lon.,  1613.  -ito.  Eclogues  by  Mr.  Brooke,  Mr. 
Wither,  and  Mr.  Davies,  1614,  Svo.  See  Brit.  Biblio- 
grapher, ii.  236,  for  an  account  of  A  Funerall  Poem  in 
MS.  by  Brooke,  and  for  other  interesting  information  con- 
cerning the  author.  Brooke  was  the  "chamber  fellow" 
at  Lincoln's  Inn  and  bosom  friend  of  the  celebrated  Dr. 
Donne,  and  aided  him  in  his  clandestine  marriage  to  the 
daughter  of  Sir  George  Moor,  Chancellor  of  the  Garter, 
and  Lieutenant  of  the  Tower.  It  ])roved  dangerous  to 
offend  a  jailer,  fur  the  indignant  father-in-law  sent  the 
groom  and  his  two  friends.  Christopher  and  Samuel  Brooke, 
to  prison.  Vide  Athen.  Oxon.,Bliss's  edit,  Fasti,  i.  401. 
George  Wither  inscribes  some  verses  *' To  his  ingenious 
and  (which  is  more  worthy)  his  truly  honest  Friend,  Mr. 
Christ.  Bro<,ke."— /;^/^  Bihl.  ii.  237. 

Brooke,  Kdward.  Bibliotheca  Legum  Anglise ; 
Part  II.,  containing  a  general  Account  of  the  Laws  and 
Law  Writers  of  England,  from  the  earliest  Times  to  the 
Reign  of  Edward  III.,  *tc.,  Lon.,  1788,  12mo.  See  Wob- 
RALL.  John. 

Brooke,  Frances,  1745-1789,  daughter  of  Rev.  Mr. 
Moore,  and  wife  of  the  Rev.  John  Brooke,  Rector  of  Col- 
ney,  in  Norfolk.  Ac,  obtained  considerable  distinction  by 
her  literary  abilities.  The  Old  Maid,  a  periodical,  Nov. 
15,  1755,  to  about  the  end  of  July  in  the  next  year.  Since 
pub.  in  a  12mo  vol.  Virginia,  a  Tragedy,  with  Odes,  Pasto- 
rals, and  Translations.  1756,  Svo.  Trans,  from  the  French 
of  Lady  Catesby's  Letters,  1760,  12mo.  Tho  History  of 
Lady  JuUa  Maudeville,  2  vols.  12mo,  1763. 

'■  Concernint;  the  plan  there  were  various  opinions,  [i'.  p.]  though 
of  the  execntinn  there  seems  to  have  been  but  one.  It  was  read 
with  much  avidity  and  general  approbation." — NidioWs  Literary 
Avecdotes,  ii.  346, 

The  History  of  Emily  Montague,  4  vols.  12mo,  1769. 
Memoirs  of  the  Marquis  of  St.  Forlaix,  4  vols.  12mo,  1770. 
Mr.  (4arri('k  refused  to  give  a  representation  to  Virginia, 
and  Mrs.  B.  ofl'ered  him  another  tragedy,  which  met  with 
the  same  fate.  Whereupon  Mrs.  B.  took  a  severe  revenge 
on  him  in  the  novel  of  the  Excursion,  2  vols.  12mo,  1777. 
Like  most  people  who  act  under  excited  feeling,  *'  Mrs. 
Brooke  thought  her  invective  loo  severe ;  lamented  and 
retracted  it." 


Elements  of  the  History  of  England,  from  the  Abbe 
Millot.  4  vols.  12mo,  1771.  Siege  of  Sinope,  a  Tragedy, 
1781,  Svo. 

'•This  piece  added  but  little  to  her  reputation,  and  never  became 
popular.  It  wanted  energy,  and  had  not  much  nriu^inality.  There 
was  little  to  disapprove,  but  not  much  to  admire." — JS'idtvls's  Lit. 
Anecdotes,  ii.  .147. 

Rosina,  a  Play,  17S2. 

'•  Few  pieces  have  been  equally  successful.  The  simplicity  of 
the  story,  the  elegance  of  the  words,  and  the  excellence  of  the 
music,  promise  a  long  duration  to  this  drama." — Ibid. 

Marian,  a  Play,  1788.  Much  inferior  to  Rosina.  The 
History  of  Charles  Mandeville;  a  Sequel  to  Lady  Julia, 
2  vols.  ISmo,  1790. 

"  It  has  been  often  wished  that  the  catastrophe  in  the  Novel  of 
Lady  .Julia  IMandeville  had  been  less  melancholy:  and  of  the  [no- 
priety  of  this  opinion  the  authoress  herself  is  said  to  have  been 
satisfied,  but  did  not  choose  to  make  the  alteration." 

Brooke,  Francis.  Trans,  of  Voyages  of  V.  Le  Blanc, 
1660. 

Brooke,  Fnike  Greville,  Lord.  See  Greyille, 
Fn.Kr:. 

Brooke,  Henry.  The  Conservatory  of  Health,  Lon., 
1650,  12nio. 

Brooke,  Heuvy,  1706-1783,  a  native  of  Rantavau 
in  Ireland,  was  for  some  time  a,  pujiil  of  Dr.  Sheridan,  and 
left  his   tutor    to   enter    Trinity   College.   Dublin.     From 
thence,  when  only  17,  he  removed  to  the  Temple  to  study 
law.     His  first  publication  was  Universal  Beauty;  a  phi- 
losophical poem;  part  2  pub.  17;35;  part  3  about  1736. 
■■Tbis  had  been  sulimitti-d  to  Pope,  who  probably  contributed 
his  assistance,  and  wh^se  manner,  at  least,  is  certainly  followed." 
A  Trans,  of  the  first  three  Books  of  Tasso,  1737. 
"  It  is  at  once  so  harmonious  and  so  spirited,  that  I  think  an 
entire  translation  of  Tasso  by  him  would  not  only  have  reudirrd 
my  task  unnecessary,  but  have  discourai^ed  those  from  the  attempt 
whose  poetical  abilities  are  much  superior  to  mine." — Hoole. 

Constantia,  or  the  Man  of  Law's  Tale.  1741  ;  in  Ogle's 
version  of  Chaucer.  The  Earl  of  Westmoreland  ;  a  Tra- 
gedy, 1745.  Farmer's  Letters,  1745:  on  the  plan  of  his 
friend  Swift's  Drapier  Letters.  A  new  Collection  of  Fairy 
Tales,  1750,  2  vols.  12mo;  anon.  Earl  of  Essex:  a  Tra- 
gedy, 1760,  Svo.  The  Trial  of  the  Roman  Catholieks, 
1762,  Svo.  In  this,  Brooke  jileads  for  the  removal  of  po- 
litical restraints  on  that  class  of  citizens.  The  Fool  of 
Quality,  or  the  History  of  Henry.  Earl  of  Morelaud,  5  vols. 
12mo;  1760,  70,  77:  in  4  vols.  ]2mo,  1776. 

'■  A  novel  replete  with  knowIed;io  of  human  life  and  manners, 
and  in  which  there  are  many  admirable  tiaits  of  moral  feeling  and 
propriety,  but  mixed,  as  the  author  advances  towards  the  close, 
with  so  nuuh  of  reliv'ious  discussiiui.  and  mysterious  sturies  and 
opinions,  as  to  leave  it  doubtful  whether  he  inclined  most  to  Beh- 
menism  or  to  Pnpery." 

Redemption,  a  Poem,  1772,  4to. 

"A  poeui  in  which  that  irreat  mystery  of  our  relijrion  is  ex- 
plained and  amplified  bv  bolder  fitrmes  than  are  usually  hazarded.'' 
Juliet  Grenville.  or  the  Hi:^tory  uf  the  Human  Heart; 
a  Novel,  3  vols.  12mo,  1774.  This  work  is  considered 
unequal  to  his  earlier  efi'orts.  His  Works,  Lon.,  177S, 
4  vols.  Svo ;  this  collection  contains  several  jjlaj's  and 
poems  not  before  printed.  Of  Brooke's  plays  perhaps 
Gustavus  Vasa  was  considered  the  best.  Its  performance 
was  forbidden  for  political  reasons.  His  Works,  with  the 
addition  of  some  pieces  collected  by  his  daughter,  wero 
reprinted,  Dublin,  1792, 

'■  Throughout  all  the  excellent  compositions  of  Brooke  there 
breathes  a  strong  spirit  of  liberty." 

See  Johnson's  and  Chalmers's  English  Poets,  1810,  21 
vols.   Svo;    Clialmers's    Biog.  Diet.;     and    Brookiana,  or 
Anecdotes  of  Henry  Brooke,  Lon.,  1804.  2  vols.  12mo. 
Brooke,  Henry.     Sermou.=;,  1746,  '47. 
Brooke,  Henry.  A  Guide  to  the  Stars.  Lon.,  1820,  4to. 
Brooke,  Henry  James.     Familiar  Introduction  to 
Cry.stallography,  Luu.,  1823^ Svo. 
Brooke,  James.     Sermons,  1706,  '28. 
Brooke,  Sir  James,  b.  1803,  at  Bandcl.  in   Zillah 
Hooghly,  Bengal;  Rajah  of  Sarawak.      His  Journals  of 
Events  in  Borneo,  by  Capt.  Rodney  Mundy,   R.N.,  Lon., 
1848,  2  vols.  Svo. 

"  Keppel's  volumes  gave  the  outlines  of  the  strange  drama  of 
Mr.  Brooke's  c;ireer.  .  .  .  Captain  Mundy  lias  jirinted  the.Tuurnals 
seriatim,  omitting  only  such  portions  as  have  already  been  made 
public.  The  new  Journals  of  Mr.  Brooke  here  ofl'ered  to  the  world 
by  Captain  Mundy  till  one  and  a  quarter  of  these  goodly  volumes." 
— Lim.  Athe/ui'itm. 

Private  Letters  of  Sir  J.  Broidie,  K.C.B.,  from  1838  to  the 
Present  Time,  edited  by  J.  C.  Templer.  1S53,  3  vols.  cr.  Svo. 
Brooke,  John.  Theolog.  treatises.  Lon.,  1577-Sl. 
Brooke,  John  Charles,  174S-1794,  Somerset  He- 
rald, was  deeply  versed  in  antiquarian  lore.  Some  of  his 
contril'Utinns  will  be  found  in  Areha-ol.,  1777,  79,  '82. 
His  signature  in  the  Gent.  Mag.  was  J.  B.     He  rendered 

251 


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such  liberal  assistance  to  his  literary  friends  that  it  has 
been  dei-'lared  that 

••Thu  lirst  writers  of  the  ase  in  history,  biography,  and  topo- 
graphy, have  been  indebted  to  him." 

References  to  him  will  be  found  in  the  correspondence 
of  that  eminent  antiquary,  the  Rev.  William  Cole. 

••  Mr   Brookes  illustration  of  the  Saxon  inscription  at  Kirkdale 
Church  pleases  me  much.  .  .  Mr.  Brooke  is  too  good  a  Herald  not 
to  have  informed  you  of  the  owners  of  the  arms  in  your  wmdow. 
--Niclinh's  Lit.  AnecdnU-s^  vol.  i. 

Mr.  B.  was  applied  to  by  the  Duke  of  Norfolk  (then 
Earl  of  Surrey)  to  write  a  Latin  preface  to  Domesday 
Book.  He  made  some  collections  towards  a  bisl.iry  of  all 
the  tenants  in  Capile  mentioned  therein,  with  llieir  pedi- 
grees, families,  estates,  ic.  What  a  grand  work  would 
this  have  been  !     Alas  for  the  come-to-nothimj  pri-jects  of 

procrastinating  men  !  t.     ,    ,  nn~  o 

Brooke,N.,M.D.  Observations  on  Italy,Bath,17a  1 ,8vo. 

Brooke,  Ualph,  d.  1625,  York  Herald,  was  originally 
named  Brookesworth.  He  is  represenl«d  as  most  perverse 
and  malicious  in  disposition,  and  he  was  a  "  thorn  in  the 
side"  of  the  worthy  Camden.  He  attacked  the  latter  in  a 
publication  entitled  A  Discoverie  of  certain  Errours  in  the 
mueh-commended  Britannia,  1594.  Very  prejudiciall  to 
the  descentes  and  successions  of  the  auncient  Nobilitie  of 
this  Realme;  by  Yorke  Herault;  Hinenniw;  circa  1596.  4to. 
Second  Discovery  of  Errors  prejudicial  to  noble  descents, 
with  a  Reply  to  ilr.  Camden's  Apologia  ad  Lectorem  m 
his  tilth  ediiion.  1600.  He  presented  this  to  K.  James  1., 
who  prohibited  its  publication.  Anstis  pnb.lt  in  1(2.3, 
4to ;  this  vol.  contains  the  original  objections,  Camden  s 
reply,  &e.  The  latter  ably  defended  himself,  and  charged 
Brooke  with  ignorance  and  malice. 

"  Some  earlv  attempts  were  made  by  an  envious  person,  one 
Brook,  or  Brookmonth,  to  blast  the  deservedly  gre.at  reputation  of 
this  book;  but  they  perished  and  came  to  nothin- :  as  did  like- 
wise the  terrible  threats  given  out  by  fcir  Symonds  II  twes.  that 
he  would  discover  errors  in  every  page."— Bisuop  NlcOLSO-N  :  inff. 
ifis(.  irtAu-y.  1776,  4. 

Our  ch.jleric  "  Herault"  completed  in  1622  a  valuable 
work,  entitled  Catalogue  and  Succession  of  the  Kings, 
Princes,  Dukes,  Marijuiscs,  Earls,  and  Viscounts  of  this 
Realm  of  Eugland,  since  the  Norman  Conquest  to  this 
present  year.  1619,  together  with  their  arms,  wives,  and 
children."  the  times  of  their  death  and  burials,  with  many 
of  their  memorable  actions,  Don.,  1619-22,  fob  Tlic  feli- 
citations of  Yorke  Herault  over  his  new-born  literary  off- 
spring were  interrupted  by  a  critic  who  made  bim  remem- 
ber hts  foray  against  the  worthy  Camden.  Mr.  Augustus 
Vincent  borrowed  even  the  very  title  of  Brooke's  in.lict- 
meut  against  the  Britannia,  and  put  forth  A  Discovcnc  of 
Errours  in  the  first  edition  of  the  Catalogue  of  NnbiUty 
published  by  Ralph  Brooke,  Yorke  Herald.  Lon.,  1622,  tol. 
'■A  highly  valuable  work,  though  written  with  too  much  se- 

^  Brooke,  R.  Treatise  on  the  Office  and  Practice  of 
a  K.'liirv  ;  2d  cd.,  Lon.,  lS-t7,  8vo. 

Brooke,  Richard.  A  Descriptive  Account  of  Liver- 
pool as  it  was  during  the  last  Quarter  of  the  18th  century, 
1775-1800,  1854,  r.  Svo. 

"  In  addition  to  information  relative  to  the  Public  Buildings. 
Statistics,  and  Commerce  of  the  Town,  the  work  cout.aius  some 
curious  and  interesting  particulars,  which  have  never  been  previ- 
ously published,  respecting  the  Pursuits,  Habits,  and  Amuse- 
ments of  the  Inhabitants  of  Liverpool  during  that  period,  with 
Views  of  its  Public  Edifices." 

Brooke,  Robert  Greville,  Lord.     See  Greville, 

ROBKRT.  . 

Brooke,  or  Broke,  Sir  Robert,  d.  1558.  Lord  Chief 
Justice  of  the  Common  Pleas  in  the  reign  of  Queen  Mary, 
(1553,)  was  a  native  of  Claverley,  in  Shropshire.  La 
Graunde  Abridgment,  Lon.,  156S.  '70,  '73,  '76,  '86. 

'■  'lliis  Alirid>_'ment.  which  is  priucip.illy  founded  upon  that  of 
Fit/.berbert.  is  digested  under  a  greater  number  of  titles,  and  be- 
sides the  authorities  collected  bv  litzherbcrt,  Brooke  abridges  a 
great  number  of  readings,  which  seem  to  have  liiUen  under  his 
own  knowledge  as  a  judge  and  chief  justice  of  the  common  pleas 
and  which  are  nowhere  else  extant,  except  in  a  small  volume  se- 
lected from  this  Abridgment,  entitled  New  Cases."— WoRH.\LL. 

For  Novel  Cases,  the  Abridgment,  A-c,   see  Wallace's 
Rep.;    Marvin,    &e.      Brooke   followed   the   example   of 
Nicholas   Statham.  who   first   abridged    from    the    year- 
books temp.  Edward   IV. :    see   Nicolson's   Hist.   Library. 
Le  Lieur,  Ac.  del  Corone,  15S0,  fob     Reading  on  Magna 
Charta  cxvii.,  1641,  4to.      Reading  upon  the  Statute  of 
Limitations  32  Hen.  VIII.,  cap.  2,  Lon.,  1647,  Svo. 
Brooke,  T.     Theolog.  treatises.  Ac,  Lon..  1548-70. 
Brooke,  T.  H.     History  of  the  Island  of  St.  Helena 
from  its  liistovery  by  the  Portuguese  to  the  Year  1806, 
Lou..  I.'^ll^.  8vo. 
Brooke,  Thomas.     Sermons,  1732,  '46,  4to. 

2bl 


BRO 

Brooke,  Thomas  Digby.    Trans,  from  Mad.  Guyon, 
and  uur  Life,  1795-1806. 

Brooke,  W.  H.     Foreigner's  Guide.  1807. 
Brooke,  WiUiam.     Cause  of  the  distress  for  Provi- 
sions, Lon.,  ISOO. 

Brooke,  '/..,  D.D.     Examination  of  Dr.  Middleton  a 
Free  In(|uiry,  1750,  8vo.     Eleven  Discourses,  1764,  Svo. 
Brooker,  Daniel.     Sermons,  1743,  '45,  '46. 
Brookes,  Melaiithe.     Fabula  Pastorialis,  1615, 4to. 
Acted  bci.ire  King  James  I.,  March  10,  1614. 
Brookes,  Henry.     Sermon,  1707,  Svo. 
Brookes,  Henry.     Sermons,  1732,  '34,  Svo. 
Brookes,  John.    England's  Interest.    Free  thoughts 
on  the  Starch  Duty,  Lon..  1752,  Svo. 

Brookes,  Joshua,  1761-1833,  a  distinguished  Eng 
lish  surgeon  and  anatomist,  pub.  a  tract  on  the  Cholera 
an  Address,  1828,  a  paper  in  Trans.  Linnsoan  Society,  1829, 
Ac.  See  Lancet,  vol.  xii.  He  had  a  large  museum  of 
specimens  in  various  branches  of  Natural  History,  which 
cost  him  £30,000  and  was  sold  at  auction  for  a  very  tri- 
fling sum. 

Brookes,  Matthew,  D.D.  Sermons,  Lon.,  1621,  57. 
Brookes,  Richard,  M.D.  History  of  the  most  re- 
markable Pestilential  Distempers  that  have  appeared  in 
Europe  for  300  years  last  past;  with  the  Method  of  pre- 
vention and  cure  of  that  Distemper,  Lon.,  1721,  Svo.  The 
General  Practice  of  Physic,  1751,  2  vols.  Svo.  The 
General  Dispensary,  1753,  Svo.  The  Art  of  Angling,  Rock 
and  Sea  Fishing,  Ac,  1740,  Svo.  System  of  Natural  His- 
tory, in  6  parts,  Lon.,  1763,  6  vols.  12mo.  General  Gazet- 
teer, or  Compendious  Geographical  Dictionary,  1762,  Svo; 
IStb  edit.,  1827,  Svo ;  revised  and  corrected  to  the  present 
time,  Ijy  A.  G.  Findlnv,  new  edit.,  Lon.,  1851,  Svo. 

Brookes,  Samuel.  An  Introduction  to  tlie  study  of 
Concliidogy,  1815,  4to. 

'■It  behooves  us  to  state,  that  Mr.  Brookes  evinces  an  mtimat* 
and  learned  .icquaintance  with  his  subject,  thilt  he  duly  blends 
persr.iiiiity  with  brevity  of  description,  that  he  has  liestowed  on 
his  phitcs'an  unusual  degree  of  correctness  and  elegance,  and  that 
he  has  carefully  prepared  the  way  for  the  pro.secution  of  hi.s  fa 

.._  J— *i ....  .^v tnnc.i,.A  cola  " T yin      Itfnntlil.tt   TffnlMO 


le  has  caretully  preparea  ine  way  lui    me  iiiu.-.clui.^..  v..^... .« 
ourite  study  on  the  most  extensive  scale."— ion.  Mmthly  Ecvieut, 
Abe.  ISlli. 

Brookes,  Thomas,  d.  1680,  an  eminent  Independent 
divine,  chosen  minister  of  St.  Mary  JIagdalcn  ab<mt  1651, 
ejected  1662.  Preci<ius  Remedies  for  Satan's  Devices,  Lon., 
1653,  Svo;  about  60  editions.  He.aven  on  Earth,  1654, 
Svo. '  The  Mute  Christian  under  the  Smarting  Rod,  1660, 
Svo  •  more  than  50  editions.  The  Private  Key  of  Heaven, 
1665,  Svo.  Cabinet  of  Jewels,  1669,  4to.  A  Golden  Key 
to  open  hid  Treasures,  1675.  4to.  Apples  of  Gold  for  Y'oung 
Men  and  Women;  more  than  25  editions.  Holiness,  Ac, 
1662,  Svo.  On  Assurance,  1654,  12mo.  Unsearchaljle 
Riches  of  Christ,  1661,  4to.     Other  works. 

'■  His  works  have  been  highly  popular,  on  account  of  their  spi- 
ritual tendency.  As  a  preacher  he  was  very  affecting  and  useful ; 
but  maiiv  of  his  phr.ases  and  comparisons  are  too  homely  and  lar 
miliar  for  imitation."— Da.  E.  Willums. 

"  A  popular,  lively,  and  practical  writer."— Bickersteth.       ^ 
'•  Brookes's  Unsearchable  Kit-he's  of  Christ  is  a  most  edifying 
treatise,  pithily  eloquent,  almost  every  sentence  of  which  is  an 
aphorism  worthy  of  a  distinct  setting,  and  which  everywhere  dis- 
plays large  stores  of  .sanctified  learning."— CTcwftuji  Adrocatt. 

Brookesbank,  John.  1.  An  Englishman's  Sylla- 
bary     2.  Rules  for  Syllabication,  1651.  4to. 

Brooks,  Charles  Shirley,  b.  1815,  a  dramatist  and 
contriliutor  to  periodicals,  has  gained  considerable  reputa- 
tion Ijy  his  plays  of  Honour  and  Riches,  The  Creole,  The 
Lowther  Arcade,  and  Our  New  Governess.  As  commis- 
sioner of  the  Loudon  Morning  Chronicle,  he  spent  six 
months  in  Russia,  Asia  Minor,  and  Egypt,  and  contributed 
a  series  of  letters  to  that  journal,  which  were  altcrwards 
pub.  in  Longmans'  Travellers'  Library.  Miss  V  lolet  and 
licr  Offers.  Edited  Amusing  Poetry,  1857;  Aspin  Court, 
a  Novel,  1857.  This  work  is  popular  and  has  been  highly 
commended. 

Brooks,  Charles  T.,  b.  1S13,  at  Salem,  Massachu- 
setts, graduated  at  Harvard  College,  became  pastor  ol  the 
Unitarian  Church,  Newport,  R.L,  in  1S37,  on  which  occa- 
sion Dr.  Channing  preached  the  ordiuation-scrmon.  1. 
Schiller's  William  Tell,  trans..  Providence,  1838.  2.  Trans., 
from  same  author,  Mary  Stuart  and  The  Maid  of  Orleans. 
3  Titan  ;  from  the  German  of  Jean  Paul  Richter,  1840. 
4.  Specimens  of  German  Song.  Bost,  1S42.  This  v;olume 
is  one  of  Mr.  Ripley's  series  of  foreign  literature.  5.  1  rans. 
of  Schiller's  ■•  Homage  of  the  Arts,"  with  miscellaneous 
pieces  from  Riickert,  Freiligrath,  and  other  German  I  oets, 
Bost  ,  1S47.  6.  Poems,  Prov.,  1S48.  7.  The  Controversy 
touching  the  Old  Stone  Mill  in  the  Town  of  >cwport.  R.L, 
Newport,  1S51.     8.  Gorman  Lyrics,  contammg  specimens 


BRO 

of   Anastasius    Griia    and   other    living    poets   of    Ger- 
many. 

"On  the  whole,  we  have  perused  the  'German  Lyrics'  with 
J)leasm-e.  Mr.  Urooka  fully  maintains  by  this  publication  the 
credit  he  won  for  himself  by  his  former  labours  as  a  translator  of 
(jerman  poetry." — Lon,Athai.,  No.  1476.  Feb.  9.  1S66. 

9.  Songs  of  Field  and  Flood.  Bost..  18.14.  10.  Eight 
Months  on  the  Ocean  and  Eight  Weeks  in  India,  MS. 

Brooks,  Francis.     Barbarian  rruelty,  Lon.,  1693. 

liruoks,  Henry  .lames.     See  Buooke. 

Brooks,  Indiana.  Eliza  Beaumond  and  Harriet 
Osborne:  or,  The  Child  of  Doubt,  1789,  2  vols.  12mo. 

Brooks,  J.  T.,  M.D.  Four  Months  among  the  Gold- 
Finders  in  Calit'oi-nia,  N.  York,  1819,  Svo. 

Brooks,  J.  W.     Lectures  on  Prophecy,  Lon.,  1842, 
12mo.     Abdiel's  E.ssays  on  the  Advent  and  Kingdom  of 
Christ,  1834,  12uio. 
"  A  very  valuable  work,  and  fuU  of  Scripture  illustration."— 

BiCKEBSTETH. 

Elements  of  Prophetical  Interpretation,  1836,  18mo. 
*■"  A  work  of  useful  information." — Ibid. 
History  of  the  Hebrew  Nation,  1841,  12mo. 
"Much  valuable  scriptural  illustration  as  well  .is  historical.*' — 
Ibirl. 

Brooks,  James,  Bishop  of  Gloucester.  Sermon  at 
Paul's  Cross,  Lon.,  1553,  Svo.  See  Fox's  Acts  and  Monu- 
ments of  the  Cliurch  for  two  orations  of  the  bishop's. 

Brooks,  James  Gordon,  1801-1841,  a  native  of 
Red  Hook,  near  the  city  of  New  York,  was  known  for 
some  time  as  ii  contributor  to  periodicals  under  the  signa- 
ture of  "Florio."  His  longest  poem  is  entitled  Genius: 
delivered  before  the  Phi  Beta  Kappa  Society  of  Y'ale  Col- 
lege in  182".  Mr.  aud  Mrs.  Brooks  pub.  in  1829,  a  volume 
entitled  The  Rivals  of  Este,  and  other  Poems,  by  James 
G.  and  Mary  E.  Brooks.  The  principal  poem  is  the  pro- 
duction of  Mrs.  Brooks. 

■■  The  poems  of  .Mr.  Brooks  are  spirited  and  smoothly  versified, 
but  diifuse  aud  carelessly  written.  lie  was  imai^iuative,  and  com- 
posed with  remarkable  ease  and  rapidity:  but  was  too  indifTerent 
in  regard  to  his  reputation  ever  to  rewrite  or  revise  his  produc- 
tions."— Gristvold's  Poets  and  Poetry  of  America. 

Brooks,  John,  M.DT,  Gov,  of  Mass.,  1752-1825,  pub. 
a  Discourse  on  Pneumonia,  1808,  and  one  delivered  before 
the  Humane  Society,  1795. —  Thacher'a  Med.  Biog. 

Brooks,  Jonathan.  Antiquity,  or  the  Wise  In- 
structor: being  a  Collection  of  Sentences,  Erist.. 1770. 12mo. 

Brooks,  Maria,  as  styled  by  Southey,  Maria  del 
Occidente,  b.  about  1795,  d.  1845,  is  best  known  as  the 
author  of  ZophicI,  or  The  Bride  of  Seven,  the  fii-st  canto  of 
which  was  pub.  in  Boston,  1825 ;  the  whole  work  in  Lon- 
don, 1833.  Mrs.  Brooks  was  the  daughter  of  Mr.  Gowen, 
a  gentleman  of  Welsh  descent,  who  settled  at  Medford, 
Massachusetts,  where  Maria  was  born.  In  1820  she  pub. 
a  volume  entitled  Judith,  Esther,  and  other  poems,  by  a 
Lover  of  the  Fine  Arts.  Mrs.  Brooks  passed  the  spring 
of  1831  in  the  hospitable  mansion  of  Robert  Southey,  at 
Keswick,  and  this  useful  friend  superintended  the  publi- 
cation of  Zophiel,  of  which  he  was  a  great  admirer  : 

"  If  you  have  not  seen  Zophiel,  it  is  well  worth  your  reading,  as 
by  far  the  most  original  poem  that  this  genenation  has  produced. 
...  The  poem  has  attracted  no  notice :  the  chief  cause  of  the  pre- 
sent failure  1  suppose  to  be  that  it  is  not  alwavs  perspicuou.sly 
told.  The  diction  is  surprisingly  good :  indeed,  America  has  never 
produced  any  poem  to  be  compared  with  it,"— Letter  to  Lord  ilaltem, 
iUi)  12,  1834. 

An  interesting  review  of  this  poem  will  be  found  in  Gris- 
wold's  Fem.ale  Poets  of  America.  An  edition  of  Zophiel 
was  pub.  in  Boston  in  1834,  for  the  benefit  of  the  Polish 
Exiles,  in  whose  cause  Mi-s.  Brooks  felt  the  warmest  in- 
terest.    See  Southey's  Life  and  Correspondence. 

In  1843  she  printed  for  private  circulation,  Idomen, 
or  The  Vale  of  the  Yumuri;  a  production  which  par- 
takes much  of  the  character  of  an  autobiography.  Mrs. 
Brooks  inherited  some  estates  in  Cuba,  and  took  up  her 
residence  in  the  island.  She  died  at  Matanzas,  Novem- 
ber 11,  1845. 

Her  principal  poem  will  preserve  her  name  from  ob- 
livion, but  deals  too  little  with  human  sympathies  to  take 
much  hold  of  the  public  mind.  It  is  one  of  those  produc- 
tions which  will  be  always  more  ciuoted  than  read,  and 
more  admired  than  understood. 

■'  Maria  del  Occidente  is  styled  in  The  Doctor,  4c.,  '  the  most 
impassioned  and  most  imaginative  of  all  poetesses.'  And  without 
taking  into  account  qms'lam  ardentiora  scattered  here  and  there 
throughout  her  singular  poem,  there  is  undoubtedly  ground  for 
the  first  clause,  and,  with  the  more  accurate  substitution  of '  fanci- 
ful' for  'imaginative,'  for  the  whole  of  the  eulogy.  It  is  alto- 
gether an  extraordinary  performance." — Ltm.  Quarterly  Review. 

''  Which  [Zophiel]  he  [Southey]  says  is  by  some  Yankee  woman ; 
as  if  there  ever  had  been  a  woman  capable  of  any  thing  so  great  1" 
' — Charles  L.\mb. 

See  Griswold's  Female  Poets  of  America. 


BRO 

Brooks,  Mary  E.,  a  poetess  of  some  reputation,  is  a 
nativeof  New  York.  Her  maiden  name  was  Aiken.  She  was 
married  in  1828  to  JAMiis  Gordon  Brooks,  (see  above,) 
and  in  1829  a  volume  of  their  writings  was  given  to  the 
world,  under  the  title  of  The  Rivals  of  Este,  [by  Mrs. 
Brooks,]  and  other  poems.  Her  Hebrew  melodies  and 
lyrics  have  been  much  admired.  She  is  now  (1854)  a 
resident  of  the  city  of  New  York. 

Brooks,  Nathan  Covington,  b.  1809,  Maryland. 
Pres.  Baltimore  Female  College,  Historian  and  Poet. 
Scriptural  Anthology.  History  of  the  Church.  Literary 
-Amaranth.  Collectanea  Evangelica.  History  of  the  Mexi- 
can War.  Editor  of  the  American  Museum,  and  contributor 
to  various  leading  periodicals,  and  the  able  editor  of  a 
valuable  series  of  Greek  and  Latin  Classics. 
*'  Brooks's  Ovid  is  a  highly  meritoritms  work." 
'■The  History  of  the  Mexican  War  is  acknowledged  to  be  both 
able  and  impartial."' 

Brooks,  S.  H.  City,  Town,  and  Country  Architec- 
ture. Lon.,  1847,  fol.  Designs  for  Cottages  and  Villa 
Archilccture,  1840,  4to.     Modern  Architecture,  1852,  fol. 

Brooks,  Thomas.  London's  Lamentations,  Lon., 
1670,  4to. 

Brooks,  Thomas.  Charges,  etc.  in  the  East  In- 
dies. 1752. 

Brooksbank,  Joseph.     See  Brookbank. 
Brookshaw,   George.     Pomona  Britannica,   Lon., 
1805  :  atlas   fob,  2  vols.  4tn,  1817.  Flower  Painting,  1816, 
ScQ.     Horticultural  Repository,  2  vols.  r.  Svo. 

Broom,  Herbert.  Practical  Rules  for  Determining 
Parties  to  Actions,  Digested  and  Arranged  with  Cases, 
Lon.,  1843,  Svo. 

"  A  concise  and  excellent  Treatise  upon  the  subject."— J/un'i«'» 
Li'gal  Bibl. 

A  Selection  of  Legal  Maxims  Classified  and  Hlustrated, 
Lon.,  1845,  Svo;  3d  edit.,  Phila.,  1852,  Svo. 

''  Maxims  are  the  condensed  good  sense  of  nations." — Sir  J.^mes 
Mackintosh. 

"  It  certainly  ought  to  find  a  place  in  the  library  of  every  scien- 
tific lawyer." — Lon.  Legal  Obaerver.  March  2*2,  1.S45. 

"  It  is  .among  the  few  law-books  that  we  can  bind  and  place  per- 
manently for  constant  use  on  the  handiest  shelf  of  our  book-case." 
— Law  Magazine,  May,  1848. 

"  The  practitioner  and  the  student  may  each  resort  to  this 
work  as  an  ample  storehouse  of  legal  elementary  principles 
and  simple  fundamental  laws." — AmeHcan  Law  Journal,  June. 
1852. 

Practice  of  the  Superior  Courts  of  Common  Law  with 
Reference  to  Matters  within  their  Concurrent  Jurisdiction, 
Lon.,  1850,  Ac.  Practice  of  the  County  Courts,  1852, 
12mo  ;  2d  ed.,  1857,  Svo.  Commentaries  on  the  Common 
Law,  as  Introductory  to  its  Study,  Lon.,  1855,  Svo;  Amer. 
ed..  Phila.,  1856,  Svo. 

"This  elementary  "work,  by  the  ingenious  author  of  'Legal 
Maxims,'  will  be  found  to  be  of  much  use  to  the  student  in  ex- 
plaining the  present  state  of  the  law  on  many  subjects  not  often 
treated  in  the  standard  books." — Litw  liepm-ter,  Oct.  1856. 

Broom,  Thomas.     Female  Education,  1791,  ]2ino. 
Broome,  Rev.  Arthur.     Selections  from  the  Writ- 
ings of  Fuller  and  South,  with  Life  and  Character  of  Ful- 
ler, Lon.,  1815,  12mo.     The  Duty  of  Humanity,  abridged 
from  Dr.  Primalt,  Lon.,  1S31,  12mo. 

Broome,  Captain  Ralph.  Tracts  rel.  to  W.  Hast- 
ings, lie..  1790-96. 

Broome,  M'illiam.  Sermon,  1700,  Svo. 
Broome,  William,  d.  1745,  a  native  of  Cheshire, 
England,  was  educated  at  Eton,  and  at  St.  John's  Ccdiege. 
He  was  for  some  time  rector  in  Stnrston,  in  Sufi'olk.  In 
conjunction  with  Ozell  and  Oldisworth,  he  translated  the 
Iliad  into  prose : 

"This  is  the  translation  of  which  Ozell  boasted  as  superior,  in 
Toland'fi  opinion,  to  that  of  Pope;  it  has  long  since  v<anished,  aud 
is  now  in  no  danger  from  the  critics." — Dr.  .Iohnson. 

Pope  engaged  Fentou  and  Broome  to  aid  him  in  the 
translation  of  the  Odyssey,  and  to  the  share  of  the  latter 
fell  the  2d.  Cth,  8th,  11th,  12th,  16th.  ISth.  and  23d  books, 
together  with  all  the  notes.  To  Fenton's  lot  fell  the  1st, 
4th,  19th,  and  20th.  The  other  12  books  Pope  translated 
himself.     The  associates  did  their  work  well : 

"  The  readers  of  poetry  have  never  been  able  to  distinguish 
their  books  from  those  of  Pope." 

Broome  did  not  consider  himself  liberjilly  treated  by 
Pope.  It  was  said,  that  whilst  Fenton  received  £300  for 
four  books,  Broome  had  but  about  £500  for  eight  books. 
The  disappointed  labourer  charged  his  master  with  avarice; 
and  Pope,  with  that  petty  spite  which  was  his  strongest 
characteristic,  abused  Broome  in  the  Dunciad,  and  in  the 
Bathos.  Broome's  Poems  on  several  Occasions  were  pub., 
Lon.,  1727,  Svo.  In  the  Gent.  Mag.,  under  the  signature 
of  Chester,  will  be  found  some  of  his  translations  from 
Anacreon.     He  pub.  Two  Sermons,  1737,  4to. 

253 


BRO 

"  Of  Broome,  though  it  cannot  be  aaid  that  he  was  a  great  poet^ 
it  would  be  unjust  to  deny  that  he  was  an  excellent  versifier :  his 
lines  are  smooth  and  sonorous,  and  his  diction  is  select  and  ele- 
gant."— Johnson's  Lives  of  the  Pods. 

*'  Pope  came  off  clean  with  Homer;  but  they  say 
Broome  went  before,  and  kindly  swept  the  way." — TlENlET. 
Broster,  J.     Progress  of  the  Brosteriao  System,  1827, 
8vo.     Removal  of  Impediments  in  Speech. 

Brothai,  F.  Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1671.  Observ.  of 
Missionaries  in  ITpper  Egypt. 

Brothers,  Richard.     Prophecies  and  Times,  Lon., 
17!I4,  8vo.    Explan.  of  the  Trinity,  1795.  Sto.    Other  tracts, 
17'JS-1S02.     See  Watt's   BiW.  Brit.     The  history  of  this 
madman  is  well  known.     Mr.  Halhed  pub.  a  numlier  of 
tracts    in    his  vindication,   and    Dr,   (afterwards  Bishop) 
Home  espoused  the  other  side.     See  Knight's  Eng.  Cyc. 
Brotherton,  Thos.    Hort.  Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  l(i:!7. 
Brough,  Anthony.     Com.  treatises,  17S6,  '89,  &c. 
Brough,  William.      Theolog.  treatises,  Lon.,  1657, 
'60,  '72. 

Brougham,  Henry.  Reflections  on  a  book  entitled 
Genuine  Remains  of  Dr.  Thomas  Barlow,  Bishop  of  Lin- 
coln. Lon..  1694,  4to. 

Brougham,  Henry,  Lord,  b.  Sept.  177.S,  at  Edin- 
burgh, a  descendant  of  one  of  the  most  ancient  families 
of  England,  received  his  education  .at  the   High  School 
and  the  University  of  his  native  city.     He  soon  became 
distinguished  for  the  zeal  and  success  with  which  he  pur- 
sued his  mathemtltical  studies.     After  leaving  the  Univer- 
sity, he  travelled  for  some  time  on  the  Continent,  and  on 
his  return  practised  at  the  Bar  in  the  city  of  Edinburgh 
until  1807,  when  he  removed  to  Loudon  aud  was  called 
to  the  Bar  hy  the  society  of  Lincoln's  Inn.     Three  years 
afterwards  he  entered  Parliament  for  the  borough  of  Ca- 
melford  and  attached  himself  to    the  Whig  opposition. 
In  1816  he  represented   the  borough  of  Winchelsoa.     In 
1820  occurred  an  event  which  was  the  means  of  placing 
Mr.  Brougham  in   that  commanding  position  before  the 
public   wiiich   he  has  ever  since  occu])ied.      Caroline  of 
Brunswick  was  arr.aigned  before  the  House  of  Lords  as  a 
crimiual,  .and  Brougham  was  retained  as  her  advocate. 
The  great  talent.s  of  the  orator  were  employed  in  a  cause 
calculated  to  elicit  their  noblest  efforts,  and,  with  a  nation 
warmly  enlisted  in  favour  of  his  client,  it  is  no  marvel  that 
he  became  the  "popular  idol."     In  1S30  he  came  in   as 
Lord-Chancellor  with   Earl  Grey,  and  retained  his  office 
about  four  years.     Since  th,at  period  the  political  life  of 
his  lordship  is  well  known,   and,   indeed,  hardly  enters 
within  the  scope  of  our  volume.     Lord  Brougham  has  been 
an  eminent  benefactor  to  the  cause  of  literature  and  men- 
tal progress.     In  conjunction  with  Jeffrey,  Murray,  and 
Sydney  Smith,  ho  established  in  1802  that  most  valuable 
periodical.  The  Edinburgh  Review,  and  contributed  many 
of  the  best  articles  in  its  pages.     In  1821  he  took  a  pro- 
minent part  in  the  movement  originated  by  Dr.  Birkbeck 
for  natur.ali7.ing  the  Mechanics'  Institutes  in  England.    Of 
the  Society  for  the  Diffu.sion  of  Useful  Knowledge  he  w.as 
the  principal  founder,  and  is  author  of  severiil  of  the  trea- 
tises in  the  series,  and  of  a  number  of  the  articles  in  its 
Penny  Magazine.    When  only  seventeen,  he  contributed  to 
the  Trans,  of  Roy.  Soc.  a  paper  on  the  Refraction  and 
Reflection  of  Light.     In  the  following  year,  1797,  he  con- 
tributed another  paper  on  the  same  subject,  and,  in  1798,  a 
paper  entitled  Gener.al  Theorems,  chiefly  Porisms  in  the 
Higher  Geometry.     In  1803  he  pub.  at  Edinburgh  his  first 
work,  in  2  vols.  Svo  :  The  Colonial  Policy  of'the  European 
Powers.      The  greater  part  of  this  work  relates  to  Ame- 
rica,  and  gives   a  review   of  the  policy  of  the   Spanish, 
English,  French,  and  Coloniiil  administrations.  Slavery,  <tc. 
"     A  Letter  to  Sir  Samuel  Romilly  upon  the  Abuse  of  Public 
Charities,  1818.     Ten  eds.  were  issued  in  a  few  months. 
Practical  Observations  upon  the  Education  of  the  People, 
Lon.,   1825,   12mo.      Lives  of    the  Men  of    Letters  and 
Science  who  flourished  In  the  Time  of  George  III.,  1845- 
46,  2  vols.  r.  Svo. 

"  Lord  Brougham  is  fitted  to  digest  immense  materials  into  suc- 
cinct form,  and  to  add  in  e.^ch  successive  year  fresh  pearls  of  large 
brilliancy  and  beauty  to  the  chaplet  he  has  already  strung  of  the 
statesmen  and  men  of  letters  ot  England."— ion.  Xew  Quar.  Rev. 
But  see  a  very  different  opinion  expressed  in  Brit.  Quar. 
Review,  ii.  197,  and  in  Lon.  Quar.  Rev.,  l.\xvi.  62. 

"His  style  is  bold  and  manly,  though  sometimes  strangely  care- 
less and  lounging:  but  it  is  always  expressive  of  his  mind  and 
heart,  and  lliroiiuh  the  most  labyrinthian  sentence  it  is  always 
easy  to  fijUnw  llie  [^.'ntimont  and  reasoning  of  the  writer."— W.  0. 
I'EAi^oiV;  N.  A/nrrimn  Review,  Ixi.  3S3. 

.Sketches  of  Statesmen  of  the  Time  of  Geo.  III.,  3  vols. 
Svo;  also  in  3  vols..  1839-43.  r.  Svo;  and  in  6  vols.  ISmo. 
Palcy's  Niitnr.al  Thcologv.  edited  by  Lord  Brougham  and 
Sir  Chas.  Bell,  4  vols,  p.'  Svo. 

•25i 


BRO 

"These  are  among  the  best  of  Lord  Brougham's  writings,  and 
v:e  M-e  satisfied  will  be  cherished  as  valuable  contributions  to  the 
literature  of  his  country,  ages  after  the  names  and  the  works  of 
many  of  his  enemies  are  forgotten." — Lon.  Ecmwmist. 
Political  Philcsophy,  1840-44,  3  vols.  Svo. 
"  We  close  these  volumes  with  gratitude  to  the  author  for  much 
amusement,  iiifiaiiiation.  and  instruction,  with  respect  for  his 
learning,  anil  witli  a.hniiation  for  his  genius.  .  .  .  Wehaveagreed 
in  opinion  with  L"id  Brougham  much  oftener  than  we  have  dis- 
agreed."— Etiin.  Rev. 

Opinions  on  Politics,  Theology,  Law,  i-c,  1837,  p.  Svo. 

"  Of  course,  there  is  much  to  admire,  much  to  agree  with,  and 

much  to  dissent  from,  as  the  minds  of  other  men  are  constituted. 

Altogether,  however,  the  volume  is  a  proud  testimony  to  humitn 

intellect." — Lon.  Lit.  Gas. 

Speech  on  the  Laws,  Svo.  Selections  from  his  Speeches 
and  Writings,  1832,  Svo.  Speeches  at  the  Bar  and  in 
Parliament;  new  ed.,  1843.  4  vols.  Svo. 

"This  is  a  work  which  ought  to  he  possessed  by  every  free- 
minded  man  in  the  British  Empire  who  can  aflurd  to  add  any 
books  at  all  to  his  literary  stores.  The  smaller  the  collection,  so 
much  more  valuable  will  be  such  an  additfon  to  it;  for  it  discusses 
almost  all  the  political,  legal,  and  ecouomical  questions,  the  nearest 
to  '  men's  business  and  bosoms,'  that  have  arisen  and  been  mooted 
within  the  last  forty  years." — Edin.  Rev. 

'•  Volumes  more  brilliant  for  wit  or  interest,  more  remarkable 
as  showing  the  astonishing  mental  powers  and  labours  of  the 
author,  have  hardly  appeared,  in  our  day,  at  least." — Brit.  UTld 
For.  Rev. 

Preliminary  Treatise  to  Natural  Philosophy,  in  a  Collec- 
tion of  Original  Treatises  on  the  Various  Branches  of  Phy- 
sical Science,  i  vols.  Svo.  Lord  B.'s  Preliminary  Treatise  is 
entitled  The  Objects,  Advantages,  and  Pleasures  of  Science. 
"  There  is  no  second  m.an  in  the  kingdom  who  could  with  such 
admirable  art  have  analyzed  as  it  were  bis  mental  wealth,  and 
sent  it  forth  in  a  form  at  once  the  simplest,  the  most  convenient, 
and  the  most  ready  of  access  that  it  was  possible  to  contrive." — 
Lon.  Mtmthly  Review. 

Essays  on  the  British  Constitution,  1844,  Svo.  Decisions 
in  Chancery,  1833-35,  vol.  i..  r.  Svo.  Discourse  on  Natural 
Theology :  new  ed.,  2  vols.  p.  Svo.  Letter  to  Lord  Lans- 
downe  on  the  French  Revolution,  1S4S,  Svo.  Dialogues 
on  Instinct;  new  ed.,  1849,  ISmo.  Allwrt  Lunel;  or.  The 
Chateau  of  Languedoc,  1844,  3  vols.  p.  Svo. 

*'  This  novel  was  suppressed  on  the  eve  of  publication,  and  it  is 
said  not  above  five  copies  are  extant." — Lowndes. 

This  work  is  ascribed  to  another  hand.  See  Lon.  Athen., 
May  29,  1858,  1596. 

Contrib.  to  Roy.  Soc.  Experiments  and  Observations  on 
the  Properties  of  Light,  1850-52-53.  In  conjunction  with 
E.  J.  Routh,  An  Analytical  View  of  Sir  Isaac  Newton's 
Principia,  1855. 

Works  of  Henry,  Lord  Brougham,  F.R.S.,  Mem.  Nat. 
Inst.  France,  and  of  Roy.  Acad,  of  Naples.  A  new  and 
complete  edition,  prepared  under  the  superintendence  of 
his  lordship.  1.  Critical,  Historical,  and  Miscellaneous 
Works,  1857,  10  vols.  p.  Svo.  Vol.  i.,  Lives  of  Philosophers 
of  the  Time  of  George  III.,  comprising  Black,  Watt, 
Priestley,  Cavendish,  D.avy,  Simson,  Adam  Smith,  La- 
voisier, Banks,  and  D'Alembert.  Vol  ii..  Lives  of  Men  of 
Letters  of  the  Time  of  Geo.  III.,  comprising  Voltaire, 
Rousseau,  Hume,  Robertson,  Johnson,  .and  Gibbon.  Vols, 
iii.,  iv.,  v..  Sketches  of  Eminent  Statesmen  of  the  Reign  of 
Geo.  III. ;  new  ed.,  enlarged  by  numerous  fresh  sketches 
and  other  additional  matter.  Vol.  vi.,  Natural  Theology, 
comprising  a  Discourse  of  Natural  Theology,  Dialogues 
on  Instinct,  and  Dissertations  on  the  Structure  of  the 
Cells  of  Bees  and  mi  Fossil  Osteology.  Revised.  Vol.  vii.. 
Rhetorical  and  Literary  Dissertations  and  Addresses,  com- 
prising Discourses  of  Ancient  Eloquence,  .ic.  Vol.  viii., 
Historical  and  Political  Dissertations  contributed  to  va- 
rious Periodicals.  Vols,  ix.,  x..  Speeches  on  Social  and 
Political  Subjects,  with  Historical  Introductions. 

"  Not  only  will  a  large  part  of  his  productions  be  now  brought 
together  for  the  first  time,  but  the  entire  series  has  been  newly 
revised  and  very  extensive  and  important  additions  have  been 
made  in  every  department.  Many  of  the  biographies  are  sketches 
from  personal  knowledge  of  the  great  men  with  whom  he  h.as 
lived  ;  many  of  the  speeches  must  always  be  ranked  with  the  very 
finest  specimens  of  English  eloquence ;  many  of  the  treatises  and 
articles  are  essential  to  a  full  understanding  of  the  social  and  po- 
litical history  of  the  age  in  which  he  has  been  so  prominent  an 
actor;  and,  though  he  must  often  carry  us  here  into  debatable 
questions,  the  liquid  lava  has  cooled  with  time,  and  we  may  tread 
with  the  calmness  of  philosophic  inquirers  the  groimd  which  was 
once  alive  with  the  heat  and  passions  of  the  hour." — Lon.  Quar. 
Review.    See  Ediu.  Rev.,  April,  1858. 

2.  Contributions  to  the  Edinburgh  Review :  Political, 
Historical,  and  MiscelLaneous,  1857,  3  vols.  Svo.  The 
articles  are  comprised  under  Rhetorical,  Historical,  Foreign 
Policy,  Constitutional  Questions,  Political  Economy  and 
Finance,  Commercial  Law,  Physical  Science,  Miscella- 
neous.    See  reviews  in  Edin.  Rev.  and  Dubl.  Univ.  Mag. 

"  Certainement  parmi  les  modernes  le  meiUeur  iuterprfete  de 
Demosth&ne." — Journal  des  Siivants. 


BRO 


BRO 


3.  Paley's  Natural  Theology,  with  Notes  and  Disserta- 
tions by  Lord  Brougham  and  Sir  Charles  Bell,  1857,  3  vols, 
sm.  Svo. 

Brougham,  John.     Sermons.  Lon.,  1S13,  2  vols.  Svo. 

Brougham^  John,  b.  May  9.  1S14,  Dublin,  Ireland;  a 
distinguished  c<,)mediau.  Irish  Sturies,  iVIisccUauies,  &c., 
N.Y.,  3  vols.  12mo.  Mr.  Brougham  is  the  author  of  one 
hundred  and  fourteen  dramatic  ]>icoes.  comedies,  farces, 
(fee.  Among  his  dramatic  works  the  jirincipal  are  the 
Comedies  of  The  fiame  of  Life,  The  Uame  of  Love,  Ro- 
mance and  Reality,  and  All's  Fair  in  Love,  and  the 
burlesques  of  Po-co-hon-tas,  Mctamora,  Columbus,  &.e. 
Edited  The  Litntern,  a  humorous  paper  pub.  in  N.  York. 
Contributed  extensively  to  various  maga/ines.  For  biog. 
notice,  see  Dr.  R.  Shelton  Mackenzie's  Sketch  prefixed  to 
the  first  vol.  of  Mr.  B.'s  plays,  pub.  in  N.  York,  ISofi. 

Broushton.  On  the  great  Apostacy  from  Christianity, 
with  its  evil  iiitlueiue  (m  the  Civil  State,  1718,  Svo. 

Broiiijhloii,  Arthur,  M.D.  Profess,  and  Botanical 
works,  Lon.,  1TS2-1IL 

Broughton,  Brian.  Views  of  N.Wales,  Lon.,  179S,fol. 

Brou^hton,  Charles.  Theory  of  Numbers,  1S14,  -tto. 

Brouglitou,  Mrs.  Eliza.  Six  Years'  Residence  in 
Algiers,  1839.  p.  Svo. 

'"The  viviu'ity.  miinite  description,  and  kindly  feeling  every- 
where app.ii'ent  in  this  bonk,  render  it  hi;^hly  attractive." — Chavi- 
her-^^s  C'/dop(E'h'a  of  Eng  Lit. 

Broughton,  Hugh,  1549-1612,  celebrated  for  his  pro- 
ficiency in  Hebrew  and  rabbinical  lenrning.  was  a  native 
of  Oldbury,  iu  the  county  of  Salop.  The  celebrated  Ber- 
nard Gilpin  met  a  poor  boy  travelling  on  the  Oxford  road. 
He  was  surprised  at  his  scholarship,  had  him  instructed 
in  his  Houghton  school,  and  in  due  time  sent  him  to  Cam- 
bridge, where  he  became  Fellow  of  Christ  College.  This 
was  the  far-famed  Hugh  Broughton.  Leaving  college, 
and  est^iblished  in  London  as  a  preacher,  he  soon  became 
noted.  He  still  pursued  his  studies  with  such  diligence 
as  ft-equently  to  spend  16  hours  out  of  the  24  at  his  books. 
We  notice  his  principal  works:  A  Concent  of  Scriptures, 
loSS.  Tins  work  occupied  the  author  several  years;  there- 
fore he  called  it  his  little  book  of  great  pains.  It  treats 
of  Scripture  chronology  and  genealogy.  It  contains  spe- 
cimens by  W.  Rogers  of  the  earliest  copperplate  engrav- 
ing in  England.  Reprinted,  1620.  See  notice  of  a  copy 
on  vellum  in  Dibdin's  Bibliomania,  and  in  Lowndes's  Bib. 
JIannal,  where  will  be  found  a  list  of  Brought'iii's  works. 
A  Treatise  of  Melchisedcck,  proving  him  to  be  8em,  Lon., 
1591,  4to.  An  Explication  of  the  Article  of  Christ's  De- 
scent into  Hell.  lo99,  4to.  This  led  to  much  controversy, 
in  which  Archbishop  "Whitgift  and  Bishop  Bilson  took 
part.  Broughton,  in  pursuing  the  subject,  addressed  An 
Oration  to  tlic  (Jeneveans,  which  was  first  pub.  in  Greek  at 
Mentz  by  Albinus,  1601,  Svo.  In  this  ho  treats  Beza  with 
great  severity.  Exposition  of  Daniel.  1597.  4to.  On  Ec- 
clesiastcs,  itc,  1609,  4to.  Commentaries  on  Daniel,  Ha- 
n.au,  1607,  4to ;  the  same  in  English,  Eas,  1599,  fol.  The 
Translations  of  Jeremiah,  1608,  4to.  Defence  of  a  Con- 
cent of  Scripture,  1609.  4to.  Trans,  of  .lob,  1610,  4to. 
Explanation  of  the  Holy  Apocalypse,  1610,  4to.  Obser- 
■^ations  upon  the  first  Ten  Fathers,  1612,  4to,  The  cele- 
brated Doctor  Lightioot  pub.  a  collection  of  his  works  in 
1662.  f.d..  under  the  following  title.  The  Works  of  the  great 
Albinncan  Divine,  renowned  in  many  nations  for  rare  skill 
in  Salem's  and  Athen's  Tongues,  and  familiar  acquaint- 
ance with  all  Rabbinical  learning,  Mr.  Hugh  Broughton. 
The  eulogy  of  the  editor  is  most  enthusiastic,  and  it  is  the 
praise  of  a  master  in  Israel.  Broughton,  who  played  with 
Greek  and  Hebrew  as  a  poet  toys  with  the  most  fnmiliar 
rhymes,  trans,  the  Prophetical  writings  into  Greek,  and 
the  Apocalypse  into  Hebrew.  He  was  anxious  to  trans- 
late the  whole  of  the  N.  Testament  into  Hebrew,  believ- 
ing that  it  would  have  forwarded  the  conversion  of  the 
Jews.  He  relates  that  a  learned  rabbi  with  whom  he  con- 
versed, once  said  to  him  : 

"  Oh  that  you  would  set  over  .all  your  New  Testament  into  such 
Hebrew  as  you  speak  to  me!  you  should  turn  all  our  nation." 

It  cannot  be  said  that  Broughton  enjoyed  a  tranquil  life ; 
but  Mr.  Whitaker  thinks  his  troubles  were  self-imposed: 

"  He  was  a  writer  of  great  ambitioo,  vanity,  and  dogmatism, 
and  as  such  was  ridicult'd  more  than  once  on  the  stage  by  Ben 
Jonson.  It  was  his  niisfurtune  to  offend  both  the  High  Cliurch 
and  the  Calvinist  party ;  but  it  must  be  confessed  that  all  thL'  evila 
nf  which  lie  complaiued  were  brought  on  himself." — Kev.  J.  W. 

■W'UITAKFR. 

Doubtless  Mr.  William  Gilpin's  unfavourable  character 
of  our  author,  in  the  Life  of  Bernard  Gilpin,  has  led  many 
to  coincide  with  Mr.  Whitaker's  opinion:  but  Dr.  Light- 
foot's  estimate  is  very  different;  and  it  has  been  well  said 
that 


"  Lii^htfoot  lived  nearer  the  lime  of  Broughton  than  that  gen- 
tleman; he  had  his  information  cnnceruin','  him  from  those  who 
were  personally  known  to  him:  and  must.  thi.'refnre.  be  presumed 
to  have  had  better  opportunities  of  being  acquainted  with  his  real 
character." — BtOfj.  Brit. 

As  to  Ben  Jonson's  ridiculing  him  in  his  plays,  that 
proves  nothing  more  than  that  Broughton  was  extensively 
known,  and  had  some  peculiarities  which  made  him  a  good 
subject  for  "Rare  Ben."  We  need  not  remind  the  classi- 
cal reader  that  some  of  the  greatest  sages  of  anticpiity 
were  impressed  into  the  service  of  the  drama  against  their 
own  will.     Dr.  Lightfoot  remarks, 

''Some  by  the  mere  excitation  of  his  books  have  set  to  the  study 
of  the  Hebrew  tongue  ajid  come  to  a  very  great  measure  of  know- 
ledge iu  it;  nay.  a  woman  might  be  named  that  hath  Uojie  it." — 
JPn-face  to  Broughton' s  Worhs,  1662,  ful. 

See  Life  of  Bernard  Gilpin  ;  Biog.  Brit,  j  Strype's  Whit- 
gift ;  Atli.n.  Oxiin.,  Bliss's  edit. 

Brousihton,  John.  Psychologia,  or  an  Account  of 
the  Nature  of  a  Katioual  Soul,  Lon.,  1703,  Svo.  Sermons, 
1707-22. 

Urougrhton,  Richard,  d.  1634,  a  Roman  Catholic 
ecclesiastical  historian,  a  native  of  Great  Stukeley  in  Hunt- 
ingdonshire, was  educated  at  Oxford  and  Rheims.  Ho 
took  priest's  orders  in  1593,  and  was  sent  to  England  as  a 
missionary.  Ecclesiastical  History  of  Great  Britain,  de- 
duced by  Ages  or  Centuries,  Douay,  1633,  fol. 

'•Tho'  'tis  a  rhapsody,  and  a  thing  not  well  digested,  yet  there 
is  a  good  deal  of  reading  shew'd  in  it.  'Tis  said  in  the  title  to  be 
the  first  tome,  as  if  another  was  to  follow." — Ant.  Wood. 

A  True  Memorial  of  the  Ancient,  most  holy  and  reli- 
gious State  of  Great  Britain,  &c.  in  the  time  of  the  Bri- 
tons and  primitive  Church  of  the  Saxons.  Monastlcon 
Britannicum  ;  or  a  historical!  Narration  of  the  first  Found- 
ing and  flourishing  State  of  the  ancient  Monasteries,  reli- 
gious Rules  and  Orders  of  Great  Brittaine  in  the  Tymes 
of  the  Brittaines  and  primitive  Church  of  the  Saxons, 
Lon.,  1655,  Svo. 

"  A  small  book  of  undigested  tales  printed  a  dozen  years  after 
the  death  of  the  author,  by  some  of  his  friends :  so  that  it  is  pro- 
bahle  we  have  it  much  more  imperfect  than  he  intended:  and  in 
such  an  unfinished  condition  as  the  mistaken  kindness  of  execu- 
tnis  ton  freiiuently  sends  things  abroad.'" — Bisht^  Kicvlson's  Eng. 
Hist.  Library. 

Antiquity  of  the  word  Sterlingorum,  or  Stirling.  See 
Hearne's  Collections,  vol.  ii.,  p.  318,  1771.  Account  of 
Forests  in  England,  ib..  p.  381. 

Krou^hton,  Kowlaiidc.  A  Briefe  Discourse  of  the 
Lyfe  and  Death  of  the  late  Right  High  and  Honourable 
Sir  William  Pawlett,  Lon.,  1572,  Svo;  reprinted  at  the 
Lee  Priory  press.  Kent,  1818,  Svo,  with  portrait. 

Broujihton,  Samuel  Daniel,  17S7-1S37,  an  Eng- 
lish surgcnn.  Royal  Army,  accompanied  his  regiment  to 
Portugal,  and  embodied  his  observations  in  the  journey 
from  Lisbon  to  the  south  of  France  in  a  very  interesting 
volume  entitled  Letters  from  Portugal.  Spain,  and  France, 
written  during  the  Campaigns  of  1812,  '13,  '14,  '15.  Svo. 
He  assisted  Sir  Benjamin  C.  Brodie  in  his  experiments 
upon  poisons:  see  Phil.  Trans. 

Broughton,  Thomas.    Christian  Soldier,  1737.  Svo. 

Broiiijhton,  Thomas,  1704-1774,  a  native  of  Lon- 
don, was  sent  to  Eton,  from  whence  he  removed  in  1722 
to  Gonville  and  Cnius  College,  Cambridge.  He  was  or- 
dained deacon,  1727:  priest,  1728;  Rector  of  Stepington, 
Huntingdonshire,  1739;  Vicar  of  Bcdminster  near  Bristol, 
1774.  to  which  was  added  a  prebend  in  Salisbury  Cathe- 
dral. He  was  one  of  the  original  writers  of  the  Biogra- 
phia  Britannica.  We  notice  his  principal  works  :  An 
Answer  to  Toland's  Christianity  as  old  as  Creation.  Trans, 
of  Voltaire's  Temple  of  Tast'e.  An  edition  of  Jarvis's 
Don  Quixote.  Poems  and  trans,  of  Dryden,  2  vols.  Her 
eules ;  a  Musical  Drama.  Bibliotheca  Historico-Sacra 
an  Hist.  Diet,  of  all  Religions,  Lon.,  1737-39,  2  vols.  ful.  ; 
1776;  trans,  iu  to  German.  Bishop  Tomliiie  recommends 
this  work. 

'■  lirnughton  is  in  some  respects  a  weak  and  credulous  writer, 
and.  inspired  with  an  ardent  zeal  for  orthodoxy  and  against 
schism,  readily  admits  every  charge  against  the  heretics  exhibited 
against  them  by  the  Fathers,  who  frequently  condemned  them  on 
mere  report." — Lowndes. 

^  A  Prospect  of  Futurity,  1768,  Svo.  Sermons,  1745.  '52, 
*79.  Mr.  B.  made  some  trans,  from  Addison's  Travels. 
Trans,  the  Mottos  of  The  Spectator,  Guardian,  and  Free- 
holder, and  some  classical  pieces.  Bishop  Sherlock  had  a 
very  high  opinion  of  Broughton's  merits. 

BrouEThton,  Thomas.     Letters  written  in  a  Mah- 

ratta  Camp  in  lSn9.  Lon.,  1813,  4to. 

I      "This  is  a  lively,  entertaining,  and  well-written  book,  and  we 

can  conscientiously  recommend  it  to  our  readers."— R/m.  i?a!(ciw. 

'•A   work  containing  both   instruction   and   amusement,  but 

written  in  a  very  diffuse  sty \e."~ London  Quarterly  Rwirw. 

255 


BRO 

Selections  of  the  Popular  Poetry  of  the  Hindoos,  trans. 
1814,  8vo. 

Broughton,  VViHiam.     Sermon,  1726,  8vo. 

Broughtou,  William  Robert.  A  Voyage  of  Dis- 
covery to  the  North  Pacilic  Ocean  in  the  Years  1795,  '96, 
97,  '98,  Lon.,  1801,  4to. 

Brouu,  Joannes,  a  Scotchman.  Tractatus  ile  Causa 
Dei  Contra  Anti-Sahbatarios.  Rotterd.,  1674-76,  2  vols. 
4to.  He  pub.  another  work  in  Latin  against  Wolzogen 
and  Velthusii,  Amst.,  1670,  12mo. 

Broun,  William.  luipicty  and  Superstition  Ex- 
posed; a  Poem,  Edin.,  1710,  4to. 

Brouncker,  William,  Viscount,  of  Castle  Lyons, 
in  Ireland,  b.  about  1620,  d.  1684,  created  Doctor  of  Physio 
at  Oxford  in  1646,  w.as  eminent  for  his  proficiency  in  the 
Mathematics.  lie  contributed  some  mathemat.  papers  to 
Phil.  Triins.,  1673,  and  pub.  in  1653  (anon.)  a  trans,  of  Des 
Cartes'  Musical  Compendium,  4to. 

"  Enriched  with  observations  nhii-h  show  that  he  w.is  deeply 
skilled  in  the  theory  of  the  Science  of  Music."— iV'.  Ilr,t. 

Browell,  James.  Account  of  Navies,  Lon.,  1799, 4to. 

Brown.  Observ.  on  King  Charles  I.'s  Letters,  Lon., 
164.1,  4to. 

BrOAVn.  Duty  of  H.  Constables  of  Hundreds,  Lon.,1677. 

Brown.     Remons.  to  Pailiament,  KiSfl.  fol. 

Brown.     Carpenter's  Joynt  Rule,  10S4,  8vo. 

Brown.     Letters  to  a  Friend,  1690,  fol. 

Brown  and  Jackson.     Calculator,  1815,  8vo. 

Brown,  Miss.     Hist.  Recreations,  Lon.,  1849,  ISmo. 

'■  .\  very  nice  little  work  for  the  recreation  and  instruction  ol 
students  in  History." — Onirt  Journal. 

Brown,  Alexander.  Appendix  to  the  Art  of  Paint- 
ing, Lon.,  1675. 

Brown,  Alexander    C.     Colony  Commerce,  1792. 

Brown,  Andrew.     Con.  to  Edin.  Mod.  Ess.,  1736. 

Brown,  Andrew.  History  of  Glasgow,  and  of  Pais- 
ley. Greenock,  and  Port-Glasgow,  Glasg.,  1795;  Edin., 
1707,  2  vols.  8vo. 

Brown,  Anna  S.,  daughter  of  Townsend  Sharpless, 
a  well-known  philanthropist  of  Philadelphia.  Stories  for 
Alice,  [in  rhyme,]  1854,  12mo. 

Brown,  Anthony.     Laws  of  Antigua,  Lon..  1806. 

Brown,  Sir  Anthony.     See  B.icoN,  Sir  Nicholas. 

Brown,  Charles.     Med.  Treatises,  Lon.,  1798,  '99. 
Brown,  Charles  Armitage.     Shakespeare's  Auto- 
biographical Poems,  being  his  Sonnets  clearly  Developed, 
Ac.,  p.  Svo. 

"  In  closing  this  volume  and  recommending  it  strongly  to  the 
reader's  perusal,  we  are  fain  to  jidd  to  our  many  e.xpressions  of 
satisfaction  the  assurance  that  we  shall  look  to  any  future  pro. 
duction  of  the  same  pen  with  high  interest." — Diihlin  Review. 

Brown,  Charles  Brockden,  1771-1810,  a  native  of 
Philadelphia,  descended  from  ancestors  who  emigrated  to 
Pennsylvania  in  the  same  ship  which  carried  William  Penn 
to  his  new  colony,  earned  considerable  distinction  by  the 
authorship  of  a  number  of  novels  of  the  Radclitfe  or  Godwin 
school.  Wieland,  or  The  Transformation,  was  pub.  in  1798; 
in  Lon.,  ISll.  Ormond,  or  The  Secret  Witness,  appeared 
in  1799;  in  Lon.,  ISll.  This  novel  was  not  so  successful 
as  its  predecessor.  Arthur  Mervyn,  his  next  production, 
gives  a  graphic  picture  of  the  ravages  of  the  yellow  fever 
in  Philadelphia.  It  was  rcpub.  in  London  in  1803.  This 
was  followed  by  Edgar  Huntly,  or  The  Memoirs  of  a  Sleep- 
walker, 1801  ;  rcpub.  in  L*mdon  in  1S04.  In  this  work 
the  author  has  incorporated  portions  of  his  first  and  un- 
published novel. — Sky-Walk,  or  The  Man  Unknown  to 
Himself.  Clar.i  Howard  appcareil  in  1801,  (rcpub.  in  Lon- 
don in  1806  under  the  title  of  Philip  Stanley,)  and  Jane 
Talbot  in  the  same  year.  The  last  two  are  considered 
much  inferior  to  his  earlier  productions.  An  unfinished 
novel — Memoir  of  Carwin,  the  Biloquist,  (the  germ  of 
Wieland.) — will  he  found  in  Dunlap's  Life  and  Selections 
from  the  Works  of  Brown,  1S15,  vol.  ii.  200-201.  Mr. 
Brown  pub.  (1803-09)  a  number  of  political  pamphlets, 
I>repared  with  more  care  than  is  usually  given  to  produc- 
tions of  an  ephemeral  character,  and  contributed  many 
articles  to  The  Columbus  Magazine,  The  Weekly  Magazine, 
&.C.  In  1799  be  commenced  the  publication  of  The  Monthly 
Magazine  and  American  Review,  which  lived  about  a  year 
only.  In  1803  ho  made  another  attempt  to  establish  a 
periodical,  and  The  Literary  Magazine  and  American  Re- 
gister— to  which  he  was  the  principal  contributor — was 
sustained  for  five  years,  (S  vols.  Svo.)  The  American  Re- 
gister— another  project  of  his,  commenced  in  1807 — was 
pub.  in  semi-annual  volumes  (7  in  all)  until  his  death  in 
ISIO.  He  made  a  translation  of  his  friend  Volney's  Travels 
in  the  United  States,  1804;  wrote  a  Memoir  of  the  Rev. 

256 


BRO 

Dr.  John  Blair  Linn,  (whose  sister  ho  married  in  1804,) 
prefixed  to  Valerian,  1805  :  pub.  Memoirs  of  Stephen  Cal- 
vert ;  and  editeil,  with  Life,  C.  H.  Wilson's  Beauties  of 
Tom  Brown,  Lon.,  1810,  12mo. 

That  Mr.  Brown  possessed  a  mind  of  remarkably  inven- 
tive powers,  and  enjoyed  an  uncommon  facility  of  graphic 
composition,  no  one  perhaps  will  deny  who  has  read  the 
most  indifierent  of  his  novels.  His  faults  are  equally  con- 
spicuous, and  among  these  has  been  reckoned  an  extrava- 
gant departure  from  the  realities  of  every-day  life;  but 
from  this  charge  Dr.  Griswold  relievos  him : 

"  It  has  been  said  that  he  outr.aged  the  laws  of  art  by  gross  Im- 
probabilities and  inconsistencies,  but  the  most  incredible  of  bis  in- 
cidents had  parallels  in  true  history,  and  the  metaphysical  unity 
and  consistency  of  his  novels  are  apparent  te  all  readers  famili.ir 
with  psychological  phenomena.  His  works,  generally  written  with 
great  ra'pidity.  are  incomplnte,  and  deficient  in  method.  He  dis- 
regarded rules  and  cared  little  for  criticism.  But  his  style  was 
clear  and  nervous,  with  little  ornament,  free  of  affectations,  and 
indicated  a  singular  sincerity  and  depth  of  feeling." — Gri.'nvdd's 
Prose  Writers  r,f  America:  {.v.foran  interesting  review  of  Brown's 
literary  labours. 

For  some  years  after  his  death,  his  novels  seem  to  have 
been  almost  forgotten.  Mr.  Verplanck  complained  in  1819, 
"  He  is  very  far  from  being  a  popular  writer.  There  is  no  call, 
as  far  as  we  know,  for  a  second  edition  of  any  of  his  works.  He  is 
rarely  spoken  of  but  by  those  who  have  an  habitual  curiosity  about 
every  thing  literary,  and  a  becoming  pride  in  all  good  writing 
which  appears  amongst  ourselves.  They  have  not  met  with  the 
usual  success  of  leaders  in  matters  of  taste,  since,  with  all  their 
admiration,  they  have  not  been  able  to  extend  his  celebrity  much 
beyond  themselves." — N.  American  Feririr.  ix.  64. 

Eight  years  after  the  above  was  written,  an  edition  of 
the  novels  appeared  in  Boston,  in  7  vols.  It  is  well  known 
that  Godwin,  the  Sir  Hildebrfind  Horrible  of  the  English 
novelists,  warmly  admired  Brown,  and  acknowledged  his 
obligations  to  him.  Brown  in  his  turn  admired,  and  ap- 
pears to  have  imitated,  portions  of  Caleb  Williams. 

"  His  talent  for  stirring  the  expectation  of  the  reader,  and  keep- 
ing his  anxiety  alive  from  first  to  Last,  throughout  some  hazardous 
encounter,  or  mysterious  event,  can  scarcely  be  paralleled  in  the 
history  of  fiction.  .  .  .  Upon  the  whole,  this  author  may  be  con- 
sidered .as  one  of  the  best  writers  of  romantic  narrative  (we  give 
up  character)  that  the  present  .age  has  produced.  There  is  scarcely 
any  one.  indeed,  who  is  so  eloquent  as  he  oftentimes  is:  and  not 
one  who  can  excite  such  breathless  apprehension,  or  so  sublime  a 
solitary  fact.  The  only  incidents  that  can  be  compared  to  Brown 
are. — the  scene  under  the  cliffs  in  the  .\nti4uary,  and  that  between 
the  two  ladies  and  the  panthers  in  the  Pioneers." — Vol.  ix.  317,1824. 
New  ed.,  Phila.,  1857,  C  vols.  12mo.  See  also  Brown's 
Life  prefixed  to  his  novels,  ed.  1827,  by  Wm.  Dunlap  ; 
Life,  by  Win.  II.  Prescott,  in  Spark's  Amer.  Biog.,  1st  Ser., 
1834,  117-180, — reprinted  in  Prescott's  Miscellanies,  1855, 
1-56  ;  Lon.  Month.  Rev.,  xcix.  151 ;  Lon.  Rctrosp.  Rev.  ; 
Amer.  Quar.  Rev.,  viii.  312;  Amer.  Whig  Rev.,  vii.  260; 
U.S.  Lit.  Gaz.,  vi.  321. 

Brown,David.  Works  on  H.and  Writing,  1622,  '38, 4to. 
Brown,  David,  d.  1812,  educated  at  Magdalen  Col- 
lege, Cambridge  ;  Chaplain  to  the  East  India  Company, 
1794;  Provost  of  the  College  of  Fort  William,  1800. 

Memorial  Sketches  of,  with  a  selection  of  his  Sermons 
preached  at  Calcutta,  Lon.,  1816,  Svo:  edited  by  the  Rev. 
Charles  Simeon. 

"  His  sermons  breathe  the  true  spirit  of  a  Christian  Minister; 
they  state  in  very  forcible  terms  the  fundamental  doctrines  of  our 
holy  reli'^ion:  and  they  are  admirably  adapted  to  stir  up  in  the 
minds  of  .all  who  read  'them,  an  ardent  love  to  our  Saviour,  and  a 
holy  zeal  in  his  service."— Rev.  Cdarles  .Simeon. 

Brown,  David.  Christ's  Second  Coming:  Will  it  be 
Pre-Millennial?  2d  ed.  1847,  p.  8vo. 

'•A  noble  defence  of  precious  truth,  comprehending  a  whole  li- 
brary of  reading,  and  which,  we  think,  will  be  the  death-blow  of 
the  millennian  theory." — Free  fVntrch  Maej. 

"Mr.  Brown  has  argumentatively  destroyed  pre-millennialism, 
root  and  branch." — Wdchmaii. 

Brown,  David,  d.  1829,  aNorth  American  (Cherokee) 
Indian,  assisted  John  Arch  in  preparing  the  Cherokee  Spell- 
ing Book,  and  wrote  in  1825  a  Letter  giving  some  account 
of  the  Chcrokees. 

Brown,  David  Paul,  b,  in  Philadelphia,  1795,  ad- 
mitted to  the  Bar,  1816,  contributed  in  early  life  to  peri- 
odical literature ;  wrote  Sertorius,  or  The  Roman  Patriot, 
a  Tragedy,  and  The  Prophet  of  St.  Paul's,  a  Melo-Drama, 
in  1830,  (both  performed  and  published;)  subsequently 
composed  The  Trial ;  a  Tragedy,  ami  Love  and  Honour,  a 
Farce;  and,  in  1856,  pub.  The  Forum,  or  Forty  Years' 
Full  Practice  at  the  Philadelphia  Bar,  2  vols.  Svo.  Ex- 
cellent. See  Livingston's  Biographies  ;  Reese's  Dramatic 
Authors  of  America ;  Walsh's  Amer.  Quar.  Rev. ;  Chris. 
Review,  Jidy,  185.8;  South.  Lit.  Mess,,  July,  1858,  Two 
vols,  more  of  The  Forum,  and  four  vols,  of  Mr.  Brown's 
Speeches,  are  announced  to  be  published  in  January,  1859. 
Brown,  Edward,  Rector  of  Sundridge,  Kent.  Fas- 
ciculus Rerum  expcteudarum  et  fugiendarum  prout  ab  Or- 


BRO 


BRO 


thuino  Gratio  etlitus,  Londini,  2  vols.  fol. ;  first  pub.  at 
Cologne  in  1585,  bj  Orthuinus  Gratius.  The  tracts  relate 
to  the  Council  of  Basil,  early  reformers,  and  the  errors  of 
the  Church  of  Rome.  Trans,  into  English  of  Father  Paul's 
Letters,  with  preface. ,  Lnn.,  1693,  8vo. 

Brown,  Edward.  Descrip.  of  an  Annual  World,  Ac, 
1641.  Svn.     Warning  Piece  for  England.  1643,  4to. 

Brown,  Edward,  Rector  of  Lan<;lev,  Kent.  Sermons, 
1699.  4to. 

Brown,  Edward.  Travels  and  Adventures  of  Ed- 
ward Bruwn,  formerly  a  Merchant  in  London,  Lon.,  1739, 
8vo.     Written  l»y  John  Campbell,  LL.D. 

Brown,  Frances,  b.  1816,  is  a  native  of  Stranorlar, 
county  of  Donegal,  Ireland,  where  she  is  known  by  the 
name  of  "  The  IJlind  Poetess  of  Ulster.*'  Lyrics,  and  Mis- 
cellaneous Poems,  Lon.,  1847, 12mo.  The  Star  of  Attegbei, 
and  other  Poems,  Lon.,  1844,  12mo,  Her  poems  are  much 
admired. 

''The  bard  feathers  dig;nity  from  the  darkness  amid  which  she 
sings,  as  the  darkness  itself  is  lightened  by  the  song.'' — Ptcfaxx.  to 
vol.  pub.  in  1S44. 

Brown,  Francis,  D.D..  1784-1S20,  President  of  Dart- 
mouth College,  a  native  of  New  Hampshire,  pub.  several 
sermons,  1810-14. 

Brown,  George.     Arithmeticnl  Treatises.  1700-18. 

Brown,  Goold,  1791-1S57,  an  American  grammarian. 
1.  Institutes  of  English  Grammar,  IS".  York,  1823,  '^2,  '46, 
12mo.  2.  First  Lines  of  English  Grammar,  1823,  '27,  18mo; 
1844,  12mo.  3.  Grammar  of  English  Grammars,  N.York, 
1S5U-51,  8voj  2d  ed.,  1857,  8vo,  pp.  1070.  Prefixed  to 
this  work  is  a  valuable  Digested  Catalogue  of  English 
Grammars  and  Grammarians,  &e.  Other  grammatical 
treatises  :  vide  supra. 

Brown,  Henry.  Trans,  from  the  Greek  of  Justin 
Martyr's  Dialogue  with  Trypho  the  Jew,  1753,  2  vols.  8to. 

Brown,  Henry.  History  of  Illinois,  New  Y'ork, 
1844,  8vo. 

Brown,  Hn^h.  Principles  of  Gunnery,  Lon.,  1777, 4to. 

Brown,  Humphrey.  The  Ox  muzzled  or  Ox-ford 
dried,  or  a  Vindication  of  the  Churches  Rights  against  her 
Sacrilegious  Enemies,  Lon.,  1649,  4to. 

Brown,  Isaac  Baker,  Surgeon  Accoucheur  to  St. 
Mary's  Hospital,  London.  Treatment  of  Soarlntina,  Lon., 
1846,  p.  8vo.  On  some  Diseases  of  AVomeii  iidmitting  of 
Surgical  Treatment,  1854,  Svo. 

Brown,  J,     Mathemat.  Tables ;  2d  ed.,  ISOS,  8to. 

BroAvn,  J.  H.  Elements  of  English  Grammar:  see 
Gengembre,  p.  AV. 

Brown, J.  Newton,  born  in  New  London,Conn.,  1803; 
grad.  Hamilton  Lit.  andTheol.  Inst.,  (now  Madison  Univ.,) 
June,  1823.  Life  and  Times  of  Menno,  18mo,  pp.  72,  1853. 
Baptismal  Balance,  ISmo,  pp.  72,  1853.  Baptist  Church 
Manual,  ISmo,  pp.  26,  1853.  Obligation  of  the  Sabbath, 
(ADiscussion  with  W.B.Taylor.)  ISmo,  pp.  300,  1S53.  En- 
cyclopedia of  Religious  Knowledge,  Boston,  1835.  Apoca- 
lypse, a  Poem,  1836.  Emily  and  other  Poems,  pp.  276, 1840. 
Practical  Works  of  John  Bunyan,  8  vols.  12mo,  1852 j 
with  about  150  smaller  books,  as  Editorial  Secretary  of  the 
Amer.  Bap.  Pub.  Soc.  for  the  last  four  years.  He  is  now 
(1858)  writing  a  new  History  of  the  Church  from  a  strictly 
Christian  point  of  view,  aiming  to  unfold  its  evangelical 
constitution  and  spirit  impartially  through  all  ages. 

BroAvn,  James.     Scripture" Redemption,  Lon.,  1673. 

Brown,  James,  1709-1787,  originated  The  Directory, 
or  List  of  Principal  Traders  in  London,  first  pub.  in  1782. 
He  consigned  the  project  to  Kent,  the  printer,  who  made 
a  fortune  by  the  annual  publication  of  a  similar  volume. 
Brown  pub.  (anon.)  Orations  of  Isocrates. 

Brown,  James,  Vicar  of  Kingston  near  Taunton, 
Somersetshire.     Funeral  Sermon,  1756,  Svo. 

Brown,  James.     The  Frolic;  a  Play,  1783,  Svo. 

Brown,  James,  Miss'y  in  the  Province  of  Georgia. 
The  Restitution  of  all  Things,  1785,  Svo.  Civil  Govern- 
ment. 1792,  Svo. 

Brown,  James,  D.D.,  of  Barnwell,  Northampton- 
shire. An  attempt  towards  an  Explanation  of  the  Book 
of  Revelation,  &c.,  Lon.,  1812,  Svo. 

Brown,  James.     Con.  to  Trans.  Hortic.  Soc,  1817, 

BroAVn,  James.  The  Forester;  being  a  Practical 
Treatise  on  the  Formation,  Draining,  and  Fencing  of 
Plantations;  the  Planting,  Rearing,  and  Management  of 
Forest  Trees;  the  Cutting  and  Preparation  of  Wood  for 
Sale;  with  an  Improved  Process  for  the  Transplantation 
of  Trees  of  large  size.  A  new  edition,  greatly  enlarged, 
with  109  Hlustrations  engraved  on  wood,  demy  Svo. 

*'  Beyond  all  doiil»t  this  is  the  best  work  on  the  subject  of  Fo- 
restry extant" — Gardaiers'  JonrnaL 
17 


"We  can  refer  to  this  vohime  as  toe  book  to  be  recommended." 
— Li}idlei/''s  Ganlfiier's  Journal. 

Brown,  James.  Grammatical  works,  Bost.,  Salem, 
and  Phila.,  1815-41.  See  Goold  Brown's  Grammar  of 
Grammars,  Cat.,  xiii. 

Brown,  James  B.  Views  of  Canada  and  the  Colonists. 

''Tlie  intellificuce  conveyed  is  not  only  abundant,  but  of  great 
value." — Church  and  Stnt<:  Oazette. 

Brown,  James  Baldwin,  LL.D.,17S1-1S43.  Mem. 
of  Juhu  Howard,  4to.  Studies  of  First  Principles;  with  a 
Preface  by  the  Kev.  Thomas  Binney,  12mo. 

''A  valiiublr  f'^ntrilmtiun  to  our  higher  popular  religious  library, 
and  ill!  iii'Linti  ~t:ili|i'  evidence  that  the  author  has  a  dignitied,  en- 
larfi'-il,  itiid  I  I.I  11  ■,  t  appreciation  of  the  Christian  economy  and  life.'" 

Other  works,  Historical,  Biographical,  and  PoeticaL 
See  Bibl.  Brit. 

BroAvn,  or  Browne,  John,  Surgeon  at  St.  Thomas's 
Hospital,  London.  A  Complete  Treatise  of  the  Muscles, 
as  they  apjiear  in  the  Human  Body,  and  arise  in  Dissec- 
tion. Illustrated  with  Copperplates.  Lon.,  1671,  '81,  '98, 
fol.  Comj>lete  Description  of  Wounds,  both  general  and 
practical,  1078.  4to.     Other  profess,  treatises,  1678-171)3. 

Brown,  John,  B.D.,  a  native  of  Rothbury,  in  Nor- 
thumberland, was  educated  at  St.  John's  College,  Cam- 
bridge ;  obtained  the  living  of  Great  Horkesley,  Essex, 
1754;  Vicar  of  St.  Nicholas,  Newcastle,  about  1758;  com- 
mitted suicide,  when  insane,  1766.  Honour,  a  Poem.  Essay 
on  Satire.  Two  Sermons,  1740.  4to.  A  Sermon  on  Gam- 
ing, &c.,  preached  at  Bath,  Ai)ril  22, 1750.  In  consequence 
of  this  sermon,  the  public  gambling  tables  at  Bath  were 
suppressed  by  the  magistracy.  Essays  on  Shaftesbury's 
Characteristics,  Lon.,  1751,  Svo :  suggested  to  Brown  by 
AVarburton,  and  to  Warburton  by  Pupe,  who  told  Warbur- 
tou  that  to  his  knowledge  the  Characteristics  had  done 
more  harm  to  revealed  religion  in  England  than  all  the 
other  works  of  infidelity  put  together.  The  Essays  were 
so  popular  that  a  5th  edit,  was  pub.  in  1764.  A  Defence 
of  Pitt.  Letter  to  Dr.  Lowth,  1760,  Svo.  Diss,  on  Poetry 
and  Musick,  1703,  4to.  Brown  pub.  a  number  of  other 
theological  and  literary  works,  1754-66,  but  the  only  one 
which  gave  him  great  reputation  was  An  Estimate  of  the 
Manners  and  Principles  of  the  Times,  Lon.,  1757,  Svo. 
This  proved  to  be  one  of  the  most  popular  treatises  ever 
pub.  in  the  language;  no  less  than  seven  editions  being 
called  for  in  little  more  than  a  year  from  its  appearance. 
A  second  vol.  was  pub.  in  1758,  and  an  edition  in  3  parts, 
with  au  explanatory  Defence  of  it,  1760-61. 

"It  was  perhaps  as  extravagantly  applauded,  and  as  extrava- 
gantly censured,  as  any  book  that  was  ever  written.  The  design 
of  it  was  to  show  that  "a  vain,  luxurious,  and  selfish  effeminacy, 
in  the  higher  ranks  of  life,"  marked  the  character  of  the  age,  aiid 
to  point  out  the  effects  and  sources  of  this  effemioacy.  And  it 
must  be  owned,  that,  in  the  prosi^cution  of  if,  the  author  has  given 
abundant  proofs  of  great  discernment  and  solidity  of  judgment,  a 
deep  insight  into  human  nature,  and  extensive  knowledL'c  of  the 
world;  and  that  he  has  marked  the  peculiar  features  of  the  time 
with  great  justice  and  accuracy." 

He  committed  suicide,  Sept.  23,  1766,  in  his  51st  year. 

Brown,  John,  1722-1787,  a  native  of  Carpow,  county 
of  Perth,  Scotland,  a  schoolmaster  and  divine  at  Hadding- 
ton, attained  great  distinction  by  his  knowledge  of  lan- 
guages, acquired  by  his  own  industry,  without  the  aid  of 
teachers.  He  was  acquainted  with  Latin,  Greek,  Hebrew, 
Persian,  Syriac,  Ethiopic.  Arabic,  French,  Italian,  and 
German.  Two  Short  Catechisms,  Edin.,  1764 ;  Glasg.,1777, 
12mo.  The  Christian's  Journal,  Edin.,  1765.  Dictionary 
of  the  Holy  Bible  on  the  plan  of  Calmet,  Lon.,  1769,  2 
vols.  Svo;  often  reprinted. 

'*A  useful  rather  than  a  profound  work;  and  has  contributed 
very  considerably  to  disseminato  religious  information  in  this 
country.  As  it  was  intended  chiefly  for  common  readers,  the  au- 
thor, though  a  man  of  learning,  and  very  genera]  information,  pur- 
posely avoided  a  display  of  learning." — ^(>rme. 

'■  Allowances  being  made  for  some  of  his  sentiments,  his  work 
may  be  advantageously  substituted  for  Calmet's,  the  price  of 
which  necessarily  places  it  above  the  reach  of  many  persons  "— 

IIORNE. 

"  A  very  valuable  body  of  information  on  divinity." — Bicker- 

STETH. 

Self- Interpreting  Bible,  Lon.,  1791,  2  vols.  4to.  Simply 
an  edition  of  the  Scriptures,  with  many  marginal  refer- 
ences, short  notes,  and  reflections. 

"  An  admirable  book,  either  for  ministers  or  families." 

A  new  edit,  by  Rev.  John  Barr,  with  the  assistance  of 
the  author's  son  and  grandson,  was  recently  pub.  by  Blackio 
&  Son,  Glasgow,  and  in  Lon.  in  1833.  A  General  History 
of  the  Christian  Church  to  the  present  Times,  Edin.,  1771 
2  vols.  12mo.  A  very  useful  compendium,  somewhat  on 
the  plan  of  Mosheim  or  Lampe.     Other  theological  works. 

Brown,  John,  d.  1679,  of  the  Scotch  Church,  Rot- 
terdam.     Christ  the  Way,  the  Truth,  and  the  Life,  Rett., 


BRO 


BRO 


1677,  12rao.  Quakerism  the  Pathway  to  Paganism,  in  an- 
swer to  K.  Barclay's  Apology,  Edin.,  1678,  4to.  An  Ex- 
planation of  the  Epistle  to  the  Romans,  Edin.,  1679,  4to. 
•'The  author  was  a  Calvinist  of  the  old  school,  a  man  of  learn- 
ing, piety,  and  good  sense.  The  work  is  heavy,  but  valuable; 
chiefly  as  a  doctrinal  and  practical  exposition." — Orme. 

Brown,  John,  D.D.,  b.  17S5,  Whitburn,  Linlithgow- 
eh  ire,  iScnior  Minister  of  the  United  Preshy.  Congr., 
Broughtou  Place,  Edin.,  Prof,  of  Theology,  &€.,  grandson 
of  John  Brown  of  Haddington,  has  pub.  a  number  of 
theological  works,  1821-52.  We  notice  a  few.  Expository 
Discourses  on  the  First  Epistle  to  the  Romans;  2d  ed., 
Edin.,  1849,  2  vols.  8vo.  Discourses  and  Sayings  of  our 
Lord  Jesus  Christ;  2d  ed.,  Edin.,  1852,  3  vols.  Svo. 

"These  volumes  add  fresh  lustre  to  Dr.  Brown's  well-deserved 
reputntifFD  as  a  Biblical  scholar  and  practical  theologian.  They 
bear  the  impress  of  keen  critical  sagacity,  of  calm,  comprehensive, 
and  independent  judgment,  of  extensive  research,  of  sound  exe- 
getical  principles,  and  of  the  most  devout  and  loving  reverence 
for  Ilim  whose  *  Sayings'  they  illustrate.  They  are  exquisite  and 
exhaustive  expositions  of  the  words  of  our  Lord." — Ei:lettii:  Rev. 
"  A  noble  work." — Fret  Church  Magazine. 

"  One  of  the  most  valuable  expository  works  in  our  language." 
— Baptist  Magazine. 

An  Exposition  of  our  Lord's  Intercessory  Prayer,  Edin., 
1850.  Svo.  Discourses  suited  to  the  Administration  of  the 
Lord's  Supper,  Edin.,  1823,  12m,o.  Highly  commended. 
The  Resurrection  of  Life,  Edin.,  1852,  8vo.  Expository 
Lectures  on  the  First  Epistle  of  Peter,  2d  ed.,  1849,  Svo. 
Of  this  work,  the  North  British  Review  says: 

"  It  is  neither  Scottish  nor  fierman,  but  sprung  from  the  high 
and  rare  union  of  the  best  qualities  of  both  schools  in  a  single 
mind.  It  has  the  Scottish  clearness,  precision,  orthodoxy,  practi- 
cality; the  German  learning,  minuteness  of  investigation,  and 
disregard  of  tradition ;  and  for  certain  qualities  too  rare  in  both — 
resolute  adherence  to  the  very  truth  of  the  passage — unforced  de- 
velopment of  the  connection,  and  basing  of  edification  on  the  right 
meaning  of  the  Scripture,  we  have  not  met  with  any  thing  in  either 
country  that  surpasses  it." 

The  Sufferings  and  Glories  of  the  Messiah,  1853,  Svo.  Ex- 
position of  the  Epistle  of  Paul  to  the  Galatiang,  1853,  Svo. 
Brown,  John.    Chcm.  Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1722, '24. 
Brown,  John.      Sermon,  1758,  Svo.      On  Baptism, 
1764,  Svo. 

Brown,  John.  The  Psalms  in  Metre,  1775,  8vo.  The 
Bible,  with  Notes,  Edin.,  1778,  2  vols.  4to. 

Browu,  John,  M.D..  1735-1788,  the  author  of  the 
Brunonian  system  in  Medicine,  was  a  native  of  Berwick- 
shire. He  was  placed  at  school  at  Dunse,  and  soon  dis- 
tinguished himself  by  his  proficiency  in  the  Greek  and 
Latin  classics.  He  lectured  on  medicine  at  Edinburgh, 
and  had  his  theory  of  medicine  and  practice  of  life  been 
better,  nothing  could  have  prevented  his  attaining  to  great 
eminence.  His  new  positions  were  embodied  in  Elementa 
Medicinae,  in  Latin,  1780,  Svo.  Editio  alteram  plurimum 
emendata  et  integrum  demum  opus  exibens,  Edin.,  1787, 
2  vols.  Svo;  1794,  Svo.  Ills  work  has  been  trans,  into 
many  languages.  The  author  pub.  an  English  version, 
Lon.,  1788,  2  vols.  Svo  ;  a  new  edit,  by  Dr.  Beddoes,  1795, 
2  vols.  Svo.  Dr.  Brown  pub.  Edin.,  1787,  Svo,  Observa- 
tions on  the  Principles  of  the  Old  System  of  Physic,  ex- 
hibiting a  compound  of  the  New  Doctrine,  »tc.  This  work 
contains  a  violent  attack  upon  Dr.  Cullon's  doctrine  of 
Spasms.  Dr.  C.  had  been  a  warm  friend  of  Dr.  Brown's, 
and  dissuaded  him  from  seeking  a  professorship  in  one  of 
the  colleges  of  America,  which  was  Brown's  favourite 
scheme.  Unfortunately,  variance  succeeded  to  friendship. 
'  A  new  edit,  of  Dr.  Brown's  works  was  pub.  in  1804,  Lon., 
.  8  vols.  Svo,  by  Dr.  William  CuUen  Br^wn.  Mr.  Pettigrew 
-proves  Brown  to  have  been  a  better  man  than  the  popular 
estimate  of  his  character  would  indicate.  The  Brunonian 
t\  eory  has  been  thus  summed  up, — imperfectly,  no  doubt : 
"  All  general  or  universal  diseases  were  reduced  to  two  great 
families  or  classes, — the  sthenic  and  the  asthenic;  the  former  de- 
pending upon  excess,  the  latter  upon  deficiency,  of  exciting  power. 
The  former  were  to  be  removed  by  debilitating,  the  latter  by  sti- 
muhmt,  medicines,  of  which  the  most  valuable  and  powerful  are 
brandy  and  opium." 

The  controversy,  pro  and  con.,  was  carried  on  with  great 
ardour.  So  keen  became  the  wordy  war  at  the  Royal 
Medical  Society  that  a  number  of  duels  were  fought,  and  a 
law  was  passed  that  no  future  references  should  be  had  to 
the  hostile  field.  Nor  was  the  war  confined  to  the  place 
of  its  birth.  France,  Spain,  Italy,  Poland,  and  Russia 
took  up  the  cudgels :  and  in  Germany  the  combat  waxed 
,  so  fierce  that  the  military  were  obliged  to  take  possession 
of  the  University  of  Gottingen  to  quell  the  Bioinonians 
and  Anti-Brunonians.  See  Beddocs's  edit,  as  above;  Pet- 
tigrew; Rees's  Encyc. ;  Chalmers's  Biog.  Diet. 

Brown,  John,  of  Whitburn.     Gospel  Truth,  stated 
and  illustrated  by   Hog,  Boston,  E.  and  R.  Erskine,  and 
others;  occasioned  by  the  republication  of  The  Marrow 
2S3 


of  Modern   Divinity,  collected  by  Rev.  J.  Brown,  1831, 
i2m:). 

*■  This  bonk  gives  a  complete  history  of  that  important  affair 
known  as  The  Marrow  Controversy,  which  so  agitated  North  Bri- 
tain in  the  early  part  of  the  last  century.  It  contains  also  lives  of 
the  principal  Marrow  Men.  with  notices  of  their  works;  it  is  very 
valuable  on  this  account,  as  it  contains  more  notices  of  the  class 
of  books  to  which  it  refers  than  any  other  book  with  which  we  are 
acquainted." 

Brown,  John,  D.D.,  Minister  of  Langton,  Berwick- 
shire. The  Testimony  of  Experience  to  the  Utility  and 
Necessity  of  Sabbath    Schools,   Edin.,  1826,   Svo. 

Brown,  John,  Vicar  of  St.  Mary's,  Leicester.  Christ 
Crucified,  the  only  Theme  of  Gospel  Ministration.  Visi- 
tation Sermon.  1  Cor.  i.  23,  Lon.,  1841,  Svo. 

BroAVn,  John,  1752-1787,  a  Scotch  artist,  a  native  of 
Edinburgh.  Letters  ou  the  Poetry  and  Music  of  the  Italian 
Opera,  1789,  Svo. 

Brown,  John.  Historical  and  Genealog.  Tree  of  the 
Royal  Family  of  Scotland,  1796;  new  edit.,  1811;  of  the 
Family  of  Graham,  1808;  Elphinstone,  1808;  Macdo- 
nald,  1810. 

Brown,  John,  of  Great  Yarmouth.  Treatises  on  the 
British  Navy,  1S06,  '07. 

Brown,  John.  Trans,  of  Mem.  of  Prince  Staimatoff, 
1814,  12mo.  Psyche,  or  the  Soul,  ISIS,  12mo.  The 
Northern  Courts;  containing  original  Memoirs  of  the  So- 
vereigns of  Sweden  and  Denmark  since  1776,  Lon.,  1818, 
2  vols.  Svo. 

"  A  more  climisy  and  unworkmanlike  performance  we  have 
seldom  witnessed." — Lon.  Quarierhj  Kevifw,  xix.  3S0, 

Anecdotes  and  Characters  of  the  House  of  Brunswick, 
1820.  Svo. 

Brown,  John.    Elem.  of  Eng.  Education,  1S09, 12mo. 

Brown,  John.  On  Mathematical  Instruments,  1671, 
'78,  Svo. 

BroAvn,  John,  of  Biggar.  Remarks  on  the  Plans  and 
Publications  of  Robert  Owen,  Esq.,  of  New  Lanark,  1818. 

Browu,  John,  d.  1752.  aged  46,  Minister  of  Haver- 
hill, Massachusetts,  pub.  a  Sermon  on  the  Death  of  Thomas 
Symmes,  1726. 

Brown,  John  Aquila.  The  Even-tide,  or  Last  Tri- 
umph of  the  Blessed  and  only  Potentate,  Lon.,  1823,  2  vols. 
Svo.  This  work  contains  a  Development  of  the  Mysteries 
of  Daniel  and  St.  John,  &c. 

'■  New  and  questionable  interpretations;  but  with  many  valua- 
ble points.'" — IJICKERSTETH. 

The  Jew  the  Master-key  of  the  Apocalypse,  Lon.,  1827, 
8vo.  In  answer  to  Frere,  Irving,  and  others.  The  Mount 
of  Vision,  etc..  ISmo.  A  familiar  illustration  of  the  pro- 
phecies of  Daniel,  designed  for  the  young. 

Brown,  John  P.,  Dragoman  of  the  Legation  of  tho 
United  States  at  Constantinople.  Trans,  of  the  Turkish 
Evening  Entertainments,  Ac,  by  Ahmed  Ben  Hemden, 
the  Kiyaya,  New  York.  12mo. 

''The" historical  and  amusing  interest  of  the  two  hundred  and 
seven  curiosities,  which  I  mipht  call  anecdotes,  is  obvious,  &c." — 
VoN  Hammer,  the  celebrated  Orientalist,  to  the  I'^anslator. 

"This  book  is  one  of  the  most  interesting  aud  amusing  which 
have  ai)poared." — Jour.  Asiatiqne. 

Brown,  Rev.  John  \V.,  1814^^9,  an  American  poet. 
Christmas  Bolls,  and  other  Poems,  N.  York,  12mo. 

Brown,  John  Wm.  Life  of  Da  Vinci,  Lon.,  1828,  Svo. 

Brown,  Joseph.     Joseph  and  his  Brethren,  1767. 

Brown,  Josiah,  d.  1793.  Legal  compilations, 1779,  &c. 

Brown,  Littleton.     Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1738. 

Brown,  or  Browne,  Moses,  1703-17S7,  Vicar  of 
Olney,  Bucks.  Polidus,  a  Tragedy.  AU-bedevillcd,  a 
Farce.  Poems  on  Various  Subjects,  1773,  Svo.  An  edit, 
of  AV.alton  and  Cotton's  Angler;  with  a  Preface,  Notes, 
and  some  valuable  Additions,  1750,  *59,  '72.  Sunday 
Thoughts,  1752.  '64,  '81.  Percy  Lodge;  a  Poem,  1755, 
4to.     Sermons,  1754,  '61.  '65.     Other  works. 

Brown,  Peter.  New  Illustrations  of  Zoology,  Lon., 
1776.  4to.  Designed  as  a  supplement  to  Edwards's  Birds, 
Descriptions  mostly  written  by  Pennant. 

Brown,  R.     Complete  Farmer,  1758,  2  vols.  12mo. 

Brown,  R«  B.  E.\traordinary  Adventures  of  several 
faiiK'US  men,  L()n.,  168'!,  12mo. 

Brown,  or  Browne,  Richard.  Medica  Musica, 
Lon.,  1074,  Svo.     Other  works,  1678,  '92  '94,  Svo. 

BroAvn,  Richard.     Med.  treatise,  Lon.,  1730,  4to. 

Brown,  Richard,  D.D.,  Canon  of  Christ  Church, 
antl  Regius  Professor  of  Hebrew,  &c.,  Oxford.  Job's  Ex- 
pectation of  a  Resurrection,  1747,  Svo.  The  Case  of 
Naaman  Considered,  1750.  Svo. 

Brown,  Richard.  Principles  of  Practical  Perspec- 
tive, 1815,  4to.  Elucidation  of  Drawing  Ornaments,  4to. 
Rudiments  of  Drawing  Cabinet,  Ac,  Furniture,  4to.  Con. 
to  Phil.  Mag.,  1816.     Treatise  ou  Domestic  Architecture, 


BRO 

4to.     Sacred  Architecture,  its  Kise,  Progress,  and  Present 
State,  r.  4to,  1845,  with  63  plates  by  Adlard. 

"  This  useful  and  comprehensive  work  emliraces  the  Babylonian, 
Indian,  Egyptian,  Greek,  and  Koman  Temples,  the  Byzantine. 
Saxon,  Lombard.  Norman,  and  Italian  Churches :  with  an  Analy- 
tical Inquiry  into  the  Origin,  Procress,  and  IVrfection  of  the  Gothic 
Churches  in  England:  also  the  Elements  of  Chunh  Desii^n,  &c." 

"  If  we  were  asked.  For  what  class  of  readers  is  this  very  elegant 
production  int^-nded  ?  our  answer  would  be,  For  none  exclusively, 
for  several  beneficially.  The  bishop  and  his  suffragans — the  man 
of  education — and  the  votary  of  art,  may  each  take  useful  lessons 
from  it." — Oylonial  Mag. 

BroAVii,  or  Browne,  Robert,  d.  16.T0,  the  founder 
of  the  Brownists,  afterwards  called  Independents.  A 
Treatise  of  Reformation  without  tarrying  fur  any.  A  Trea- 
tise of  the  23d  Chapter  of  St.  Matthew.  A  Book  which 
sheweth  the  Life  and  Manners  of  all  true  Christians.  These 
three  works  are  contained  in  a  thin  quarto  vol.;  pub.  at 
Middleburgh,  in  15S2. 

Brown,  Robert.     Death  of  Charles  I.,  Lon.,  Svo. 
Brown,  Robert,  1766-1S31.    Agricult.  works,  Lon., 
1799-1S16. 

"  Mr.  Brown's  works  hare  been  translated  into  the  French  and 
German  languages,  and  he  is  quoted  liy  all  continental  writers  as 
an  authority." — Donaldson's  Agricult.  Biog.,  q.  v.  for  an  interesting 
account  of  Mr.  Bmwn,  his  farming  and  his  literan''  labours. 
Brown,  Robert.  Military  works,  1796,  '97,  Svo. 
Brown,  Robert,  D.C.L.,  1773-1858,  b.  at  Montrose; 
a  distinguit^hed  botanist ;  entered  MarL-^cbal  College, 
Aberdeen,  1787:  studied  Medicine  at  the  Univ.  of  Edin- 
burgh, 1790-94;  in  1806.  appointed  Librarian  of  Lin- 
nsean  Society,  and  President  of  the  same  from  1S49  to  '53. 
Contributed  an  important  article  On  the  A^clepiadge ; 
Trans.  Wernerian  Soc.  1809.  On  the  Natural  Order  of 
Plants  called  Proteacea- ;  Trans.  Linn.  Sor..  1810,  Pro- 
dromus  Florin  Novse  Hollandia^  ct  Insulte  Van  Diemen, 
Lon.,  1810,  vol.  i.,  Svo.  This  vol.  was  suppressed  by  its 
author.  Editio  secunda,  curavit  C.  G.  Nees  ab  Essenbeck, 
Dr.,  Norimb.,  1827,  8vo.  General  Remarks,  Geographical 
and  Systematical,  on  the  Botany  of  Terra  Australia, 
1814. 

"  Mr.  Brown  was  the  first  English  botanist  to  write  a  systematic 
work  of  any  extent  according  to  the  natural  meTlind  of  Juesieu. 
No  one  lias  done  more  than  he  to  nuike  the  method  known  in 
Kngland,  and,  as  has  been  truU'  obt-erved,  "no  one  has  done  so 
much  in  any  country  to  throw  light  on  its  intricacies.'  " — Knight's 
Eng.  Cyc.  Div.  Biog.,  vol.  i. 

Observations  on  the  Natural  Family  of  Plants  called  Com- 
positse;  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.,  vol.  xii.  An  account  of  a  new 
genus  of  plants  named  Rafllesia;  Trans.  Linn.  Soc,  vol. 
xiii.  Brief  Account  of  Microscopical  Observations  on  the 
Particles  contained  in  the  Pollen  of  PlantfJ,  and  on  the 
general  existence  of  Active  Molecules  in  Organic  and  In- 
organic Bodies,  1S2S.  Svo.  Botanical  Appendicus  to  the 
Voyages  of  Ross  and  Parry  to  the  Arctic  Regions,  Tuckey's 
Expedition  to  the  Congo,  and  Ouclney,  Denham,  and  Clap- 
perton's  Explorations  of  Central  Africa.  Supplementum 
Prodromus,  1830,  Many  of  his  writings  are  to  be  found 
in  the  Annals  and  Magazine  of  Natural  History,  Reports 
of  the  British  Association,  Horslield's  PlanUe  Javanicffi 
Rariores,  &c.  His  works  prior  to  1834  were  collected, 
translated  into  German,  and  published  in  5  vols.  8vo,  by 
Nees  von  Esscnbeck. 

"  Mr.  Brown  has  been  termed  by  Humboldt  Botanicorum 
facile  princeps."  An  ed.  of  his  complete  works  is  much 
needed,  in  which  would  be  brought  to  light  for  the  first 
time  his  views  in  regard  to  the  water-controversy,  wherein 
he  favours  the  claims  of  Cavendish.  See  Lon.  Athen., 
July  17.  1858. 

6rown,  Robert.     Chloris  Melvilliana,  1823,  4to. 
Brown,  S,     Presby.  Ch.  Government,  1812,  12mo. 
Brown,  or  Browne,  Samuel.     The  Sum  of  Chris- 
tian Religion  bv  Wjiv  of  Catechism,  Lon.,  1630,  Svo. 
Brown, Sainnel.  Horticult.  Con.  to  Phil.  Trans..  1698. 
Brown,  Sainnel,  1768-1805,  a  native  of  Worcester, 
Massachusetts,  pub.  a  Dissertation  on  Bilious  Malignant 
Fever,  1797.     A  Dissertation  on  Yellow  Fever,  which  re- 
ceived the  premium  of  the  Humane  Society,  1800,  and  a 
Paper  on  Mercury  in  Med.  Repos.,  vol.  vi. 

BroAvn,  Samuel  R.,  a  volunteer  in  the  war  of  1S12, 
afterwards  editor  of  The  Patriot,  printed  at  Cayuga,  New 
York.  pub.  A  View  of  the  Campaigns  of  the  N.  Western 
Army,  1814.  History  of  the  War  of  1812.  2  vols.  West>- 
ern  Gazetteer,  or  Emigrant's  Directory,  1817. 

Brown,  Sarah.  A  Medical  Letter  to  a  Lady.  1777,  Svo. 
Brown,  Simon.     Discourses,  1722,  2  vols.  Svo. 
Brown,  Stafford,  Perpetual  Curate  of  Christ  Church. 
Truth  on  Both  Sides;  or  Can  the  Believer  Finally  Fall? 
Lon.,  1848,  12rao. 

-'  A  useful  book,  with  passages  of  considerable  interest*' — Bri- 
tish  Magazine. 


BRO 

"  A  most  interesting  volume,  replete  with  cood  things — well  said, 
forcible,  and  true." — Church  and  Slate  tjaze.ttf. 

Brown,  T.  Miscellanea  Aulica,  Lon.,  1702,  Svo :  A 
Collection  of  State  Treaties. 

Brown,  Thomas.  Sermon,  Oxf.,  16.14. 
Brown,  or  Browne,  Thomas,  d.  1704,  commonly 
called  Tom  Brown  of  Facetious  Memory,  as  Addison 
styles  him,  was  a  native  of  Shropshire,  and  educated  at 
Christ  Church,  Oxford.  He  seems  to  have  had  an  equal 
taste  for  the  acquisition  of  languages  and  the  circulation 
of  indecencies.  Among  his  works  are  three  pieces  relative 
to  Dryden,  I68S,  '89,  '90.  The  Welch  Levite  tossed  in  a 
Blanket,  Lon.,  1691,  fol.  Trans,  from  the  French,  Lon., 
169:i,  '9.3.  The  Salamanca  Wedding.  1693.  Short  Epis- 
tles out  of  Roman,  Greek,  and  French  authors,  1682,  Svo. 
Whole  Works,  Lon.,  1707,  '08,  3  vols.  Svo.  Like  most 
scoffers,  upon  the  appro.ach  of  death  he  exhibited  great 
remorse :  but  what  an  insecure  hope  to  sinners  is  a  so-called 
death-bed  repentance ! 

"  Brown  w.as  not  a  man  deticient  in  literature,  nor  destitute  of 
fancy;  but  he  seems  to  have  thought  it  the  pinn.aoleof  excellence 
to  be  a  'merry  fellow;'  and  therefore  laid  out  his  powers  upon 
small  jests  and  jrross  buffoonery,  so  that  his  performances  have 
little  intrinsic  value,  and  were  read  oidy  while  they  were  recom- 
mended by  the  novelty  of  the  event  that  occasioned  them.  What 
sense  or  knowledge  his  works  contain  is  disgraced  by  the  garb  in 
which  it  is  exhibited."— Da.  Johnson  :  Life  of  Dryden. 

Brown,  Thomas,  the  Youngest.  Intercepted  Let^ 
ters  in  the  Two  Penny  Post  Bag,  Lon.,  1812,  Svo;  many 
editions.     AVritten  by  Thomas  Moore. 

Brown,  Thomas,  Fellow  of  St.  John's  College,  Cam- 
bridge. The  Story  of  the  Ordination  of  our  lirst  Bishops 
in  Q.  Elizabeth's  Reign  at  the  Nag's  Head  Tavern  in 
Cheapsidc.  thoroughly  examined;  and  proved  to  be  a  late- 
inveuted,  inconsistent,  self-cuntradicting,  and  absurd  fable. 
In  Answer  to  Le  Qnien,  and  to  remarks  on  Le  Courayer, 
Lon.,  1731,  Svo.  An  Answer  to  a  Discourse  by  Bishop 
Stillingflcct.  the  Unreasonableness  of  a  New  Separation, 
Ac,  Lon..  1749,  Svo. 

Brown,  Thomas.  The  Evangel.  Hist,  of  Christ, 
1777,  2  vols.  Svo. 
Brown,  Thomas.  Con.  to  Mem.  Med.,  1790. 
Brown,  Thomas,  Surgeon.  An  Inquiry  relative  to 
Vaccination,  Edin.,  1809,  Svo.  Correspondence  on  same 
Subject,  Lon.,  1SII9.  Con.  to  Med.  Com.,  1793,  '9.i.  An- 
nals of  Med.,  1797.     Phil.  Trans.,  1778. 

BroAvn,  Thomas.  Agricult.  of  the  County  of  Derby, 
Lon.,  1794,  4to. 

Brown,  Thomas,  M.D.,  1778-1820,  one  of  the  most 
eminent  of  modern  metaphysicians,  was  the  son  of  the 
Rev.  Samuel  Brown.  Minister  of  Kirkmabreck.  in  the 
stewartrv  of  Kirkcudbright,  Seothand.  He  was  sent  to 
England'  to  school  at  the  age  of  seven,  and  returned  to 
Scotland  when  fourteen.  At  Edinburgh  he  applied  him- 
self to  his  studies  with  great  diligence  and  success.  In 
1796  he  commenced  the  study  of  the  law,  but  abandoned 
it  for  medicine,  in  which  he  took  a  doctor's  diploma  in 
1803.  In  1806  ho  entered  into  copartnership  with  the 
celebrated  Dr.  Gregory.  Dugald  Stewart,  being  indis- 
posed in  the  winter  of  1808-09,  engaged  Dr.  Brown  to 
read  lectures  for  him  in  the  Moral  Philosophy  Class. 
Brown's  success  was  most  decided.  He  satisHed  both 
himself  and  his  hearers  that  he  had  found  his  proper 
sphere,  and,  acting  upon  this  persuasion,  in  1810  he  re- 
signed his  practice,  and  accepted  the  appointment  of  col- 
league to  Dugald  Stewart  in  theChair  of  Moral  Philosophy. 
His  first  appearance  as  an  author  was  in  1798,  when  he 
pub.  Observations  on  the  Zoonomia  of  Erasmus  Darwin, 
M.D.,  Edin.,  1798,  Svo. 

"  The  perhaps  unmatched  work  of  a  boy  in  the  eighteenth  year 
of  his  age." — Sir  J.\s.  Mackintosh. 

"  This  was  very  favourably  received  by  the  public,  and  exhibited 
astonishing  prematurity  of  talents  and  attainments." 
Poems,  Edin.,  1804,  2  vols.  12mo. 

"  .\  collection  which  exhibits  unquestionable  marks  of  fertility 
of  invention  and  refinement  of  taste." 

A  Criticism  on  Charges  against  Mr.  Leslie,  1S06,  Svo. 
In  1814  he  completed  a  poem  with  which  he  had  employed 
some  intervals  of  leisure  for  several  years.  The  Paradise 
of  Coquettes,  (anon.)  A  reviewer  of  note  declared  this  to  be 
'■  By  far  the  best  and  most  Ivi  illiant  imitation  of  Pope  that  has 
appeared  since  the  time  of  that  great  writer;  with  all  his  point, 
polish,  and  nicely-balanced  versification,  as  well  as  his  sarcasm 
and  witty  malice." 

Tho  War  Fiend,  1816.  The  Wanderer  in  Norway;  a 
Poem,  1816,  Svo.  Agnes :  a  Poem,  1818,  Svo.  Emily  and 
other  Poems,  2d  edit.,  1818,  Svo.  But  Dr.  Brown's  great 
work  was  Observations  on  the  Nature  and  Tendency  of 
Mr.  Howe's  Doctrine  concerning  the  Relation  of  Cause 
and  Effect,  Edin.,  1804,   Svo;   2d  edit,,  1806;   3d  ecUt., 


BRO 

greatly  enlarged  and  improved,  1818.  The  merit  of  this' 
work  is  too  well  known  to  render  any  detailed  account  of 
it  necessary.  See  Welsh's  life  of  Brown.  Edin.,  1825.  8vo. 
"  His  first  tract  on  Causation  appeared  to  me  the  finest  model  of 
discussion  in  Mental  Philosophy  since  Berkeley  and  Hume;  with 
this  superiority  over  the  latter,  that  its  aim  is  that  of  a  philosopher 
who  seeks  to  enlarge  knowledge,  not  that  of  a  skeptic,  the  most 
illustiious  of  whom  have  no  better  end  than  that  of  displaying 
their  powers  in  confounding  and  darkening  every  truth;  so  that 
their  very  happiest  efforts  cannot  be  more  leniently  described  than 
as  brilliant  fits  of  debauchery."— Sir  James  Mackintosh:  'Zd  Pre- 
lim. Diss,  in  Encyd.  Brit. 

"  Neither  Bacon,  nor  Hobbes,  nor  Berkeley,  nor  Locke,  possessed 
powers  of  mind  so  splendid  and  so  various.  Brown  is.  beyond 
comparison,  the  most  eloquent  of  philosophic  writers.  So  much 
power  and  delicacy  of  intellect  were  never  before  united  in  an  in- 
dividual."— Tail's  Magazine. 

'•  This  is  a  book  of  great  power.  Before  Dr.  Brown  wrote,  we 
were  confessedly  all  in  the  dark  about  causation.  If  ever  there 
was  a  system  which  deserved  the  appellation  of  intelligible,  com- 
pact, consistent,  simple,  this  is  the  one." — A'  American  Jievieiv. 

After  Dr.  Bmwn's  decease  appeared  his  Lectures  on  the 
Philosophy  of  the  Human  Mind.  Edin.,  1S20.  4  vols.  8vo: 
reprinted  by  Welsh  in  1828,  1  vol.  8vo,  with  an  Index  and 
Memoir.  Of  this  excellent  work  many  editions  have  been 
pub.  in  Great  Britain  and  America. 
*'  An  inestimable  book." — Dr.  Parr. 

"  It  would  be  unjust  to  censure  severely  the  decl. amatory  parts 
of  his  Lectures ;  they  are  excusable  in  the  first  warmth  of  com- 
position. They  might  even  be  justifiable  allurementa  in  attracting 
young  hearers  to  abstruse  speculations.  .  .  The  prose  of  Dr.  Brown 
is  brilliant  to  excess.  .  .  It  is  darkened  by  excessive  brightness; 
it  loses  ease  and  liveliness  by  over-dress ;  and,  in  the  midst  of  its 
luxurious  sweetness,  we  wish  for  the  striking  and  homely  illustra- 
tions of  Tucker,  and  for  the  pithy  and  sinewy  sense  of  "Paley." — 
Sir  James  Mackintosh. 

"  The  style  is  so  captivating,  the  views  so  comprehensive,  the 
argxunents  so  acute,  the  whole  thing  so  complete,  that  I  was  al- 
most insensibly  borne  along  upon  the  stream  of  his  reasoning  and 
his  I'loquence.  In  the  power  of  analysis  he  greatly  transcends  all 
philosophers  of  the  Scottish  school  who  preceded  him." — MorelVs 
History  uf  Modt^rn  Philoxnphy. 

Brown,  Thomas.  Biblical  Commentary  on  the  Gos- 
pels and  Acts,  adapted  especially  for  Preachers  and  Stu- 
dents, by  Hermann  Olshausen,  D.D.,  Professor  of  Theology 
in  the  University  of  Erlangen.  Trans,  by  the  Rev.  Thomas 
Brown,  &c.  In  4  vols.  8vo,  forming  vols,  v.,  x.,  xvi.  and 
xix.  of  Clark's  Foreign  Theological  Library. 

*' Olshausen's  Commentaries  are  perhaps  the  most  valuable  con- 
tribution to  the  interpretation  of  f>eripturu  that  have  made  their 
way  to  us  from  Germany.  Minute  and  accui-ate.  yet  comprehen- 
sive and  full,  they  are  most  helpful  in  guiding  to  the  right  under- 
standing of  Scripture.  They  are  scholar-like  in  their  execution, 
sounder  in  their  doctrinal  views  than  most  German  expositions, 
and  elevated  in  their  tone.  There  is  often  an  air  of  poetic  beauty 
thrown  over  passages  which  attracts  and  rivets." — Quarterly  Jour- 
nal of  Prfyphccy. 

Other  works  of  this  distinguished  divine  nre  pub.  in  the 
same  series — T.  &  L.  Clark's  (Edinburgh)  Foreign  Theo- 
logical Library. 

'*  From  the  highly  evangelical  tone  which  in  general  pervades 
Olshausen's  Commentaries,  he  may  be  regarded,  in  most  cases,  as 
a  safe  guide  to  the  student  who  is  jusf  intering  on  the  critical 
study  of  the  New  Testament."' — EvanijrlirnJ  M<ig.:  notice  of  his 
Cbmmeiitary  on  the  Homans.  Trails,  by  clcrf/ymtn  if  the  Church  of 
England;  vol.  xiii.  of  Clark's  Fnr.  Thuol.  Library. 

His  Commentary  on  the  Epistles  to  the  Galatians,  Ephe- 
sians,  Colossians,  and  Thessalonians,  trans,  by  a  clergy- 
man of  the  Church  of  England,  forms  vol.  xxi.  in  Clark's 
For.  Theol.  Library;  and  voL  xxiii.  contains  Commentary 
on  the  Epistles  to  the  Philippians,  to  Titus,  and  the  first  to 
Timothy ;  in  Continuation  of  tho  work  of  Olshausen. 
Lie.  August  Wiesinger.     Trans,  by  Rev.  John  Fulton. 

"Olshausen  is  a  patient  and  learned  writer,  and  evinces  con- 
siderable moderation  and  reverence  of  tone." — English  lUvicw. 

"Olshausen's  mind  is  of  the  family  of  Augustine.  His  admi- 
rable Commentary  on  the  New  Testament  is  of  inestimable  benefit 
to  tho  student,  nay,  to  every  thoughtful  reader  of  the  Bible." — 
Archdeacon  Hare. 

Our  readers  will  perceive  that  although  our  Home  Regu- 
lations forbid  us  to  introduce  foreigners  as  such  into  our 
Domestic  Republic  of  Letters,  yet  we  take  the  liberty  of 
occasionally  naturalizing  a  worthy  stranger  by  smuggling 
him  under  an  English  flag. 

Brown,  Captain  Thomas.  Popular  Natural  His- 
tory, or  the  Characteristics  of  Animals  portrayed  in  a 
series  of  illustrative  Anecdotes,  18-18,  3  vols.  12mo. 

"  An  immense  fund  of  agreeable  and  useful  reading,  well  fitted 
to  interest  as  well  as  to  instruct  yo\xiii:'~NoUingham  Journal. 

Biographical  Sketches  and  Authentic  Anecdotes  of  Dogs, 
r.  18mo. 

"If  any  one  wishes  to  entertain  enlarged  and  enlightened  opi- 
nions regarding  this  noble  class  of  aniuiMls,  let  him  peruse  these 
Biographical  Sketches,  and  Authentic  Anecdotes.  Ho  will  here 
find,  In-sides  a  mass  of  highly  useful  and  delightful  information 
regarding  the  natural  history  and  habits  of  every  species  of  dog, 
upwards  of  twu  hundred  and  twenty  anecdotes,  illustrative  of 
260 


BRO 

their  dispasitinns,  and  all  of  the  most  entertaining  kind." — Edin- 
buijf'  Liti'rarij  Journal. 

Book  of  Butterflies,  Moths,  and  Sphinges,  3  vols.  18mo, 
1834. 

"  This  is  a  delightful  work,  with  no  fewer  than  144  engraTings, 
coloured  after  nature;  and,  both  liy  the  style  of  its  scientific  de- 
scriptions, and  its  general  arrangements,  well  calculated  to  con- 
vey ideas  at  once  correct  and  popular." 

Other  works. 

Brown,  or  Browue,  William.  Formulas  Bene 
Placitandi,  Lon.,  1G71,  i'ol.  Other  legal  text-books, 
1678-1706. 

Brown,  William.  Reports  of  Cases  in  Chancery 
from  1778  to  1785,  Lon.,  1785,  fol.  Reports  in  Chancery 
from  1778  to  1794;  1785-89,  4  vols,  fol.;  5th  edit.,  with 
improvements  by  Robert  Belt,  Lon.,  1820,  4  vols.  r.  8vo. 
First  American,  from  the  fifth  London  edition,  by  Hon. 
J.  C.  Perkins,  Boston,  1844,  4  vols.  8vo. 

"  From  my  knowledge  of  Mr.  Perkins,  as  a  well-read  and  exact 
lawyer,  eminently  fitted  for  the  work,  I  anticipated  a  rich  contri- 
bution to  the  stock  of  onr  Equity  .Jurisprudence.  I  have  ex- 
amined his  Notes  with  some  care,  and  lind  my  expectations  more 
than  realized." — Simon  Greenleaf. 

"The  cases  referred  to  by  Mr.  Brown  are  generally  considered 
as  too  shortly  fjiken;  but  that  may  be  accounted  for  by  the  very 
brief  and  concise  manner  in  which  Lord  Thurlow  generally  pro- 
nounced his  decrees,  seldom  giving  his  reasons  for  his  decisions." 

Brown,  William,  M.D.  Med.  Essays,  Edin.,  1791- 
1812. 

Bro-WTi,  William.  History  of  the  Propagation  of 
Christianity  among  the  Heathen  since  the  Reformation, 
1814,  2  vols.  8vo.  Robert  Millar  pub.  a  similar  work, 
Edin.,  1723,  2  vols.  8vo,  and  Lon.,  1831. 

Brown,  William,  D.D.,  of  Eskdale  Muir.  Antiqui- 
ties of  the  Jews,  compiled  from  authentic  sources,  and 
their  Customs  illustrated  from  Modern  Travels,  with  Plans 
of  tho  Temple,  1820.  2  vols.  Svo. 

"  The  most  elaborate  system  of  Jewish  Antiquities  extant  in  the 
English  langu.age." — lIok.vE. 

"This  is  decidedly  the  best  compendium  of  Jewish  .\ntiquities 
that  h.as  yet  appeand  in  Ibe  flni^lish  langua-^'e.  It  contains  many 
beautifulandjustillustratiniisofllnly.'Jcripture."— Dr.E.Wiluams. 

For  a  very  favourable  notice  of  this  work,  see  Christian 
Remembrancer,  June,  182U. 

Brown,  William,  of  Enfield.  XL.  Plain  and  Prac- 
tical .Sermons,  Westley,  1821-26,  2  vols.  Svo. 

"The  style  in  which  these  discourses  are  composed,  will  render 
them  particularly  acceptable  to  families  of  respectability,  while 
their  simplicity  will  make  them  intelligible  to  servants  and  per- 
sons of  inferior  education." — Coiitir'-triilional  Magazine. 

Brown,  William  Cul'len,  M.D.  Institutions  of 
the  Practice  of  Medicine ;  trans,  from  the  Latin  of  Bur- 
serius,  Lon.,  1800-03,  5  vols.  Svo.  The  Medical  Works 
of  Dr.  John  Brown,  with  a  biog.  account  of  the  author, 
1804,  3  vols.  Svo,  (j.  V.)  A  View  of  the  Navy,  Army, 
and  Private  Surgeon,  1814,  Svo. 

Brown,  William  Hill,  d.  1793,  at  Murfreesborough, 
North  Candiun,  aged  27,  wrote  a  tragedy  founded  on  the 
death  of  Andre,  and  a  Comedy.  His  Ira  and  Isabella  was 
pub.  in  1807. 

Brown,  or  Browne,  William  Laurence,  1755- 
1830,  a  native  of  Utrecht,  became  minister  of  the  English 
church  there,  177S  ;  removed  to  Scotland,  1795,  appointed 
Professor  of  Divinity  at  Aberdeen,  and  afterwards  Prin- 
cipal of  Marischal  College.  An  Essay  on  the  Folly  of 
Skepticism,  Lon.,  17SS,  Svo.  This  work  obtained  the  gold 
medal  of  tho  Teylcrian  Society  at  Haarlem  in  1786,  and 
was  originally  printed  in  the  Memoirs  of  that  Society. 
An  Essay  on  the  Existence  of  a  Supreme  Creator,  Aber- 
deen, 1816,  2  vols.  Svo.  To  this  Essay  was  awarded  Mr. 
Burnet's  first  prize,  £1250,  at  Aberdeen,  August  4,  1S15. 
Prefixed  is  a  memoir  relating  to  the  founder  of  the  prizes. 
The  second  prize  was  awarded  to  Dr.  Sumner's  Records 
of  Creation.     Eighteen  Sermons,  Edin.,  1803,  Svo. 

"The  style  of  these  discourses  is  easy,  tlowiug,  and  dignified; 
it  never  sinks  to  meanness ;  it  is  never  turgid ;  the  author  states 
his  sentiments  with  precision,  and  enforces  them  with  animation." 
— Erlin.  L'fiHfw. 

This  distinguished  divine  pub.  several  sermons  sepa- 
rately, and  some  other  treatises. 

Brown,  William  R.  H.  Golden  Lane  Brewery 
Case,  1S12. 

Broivn  is  often  confounded  with  Browne,  the  more 
ancient  spelling.  In  this  matter  tho  best  authorities  vary. 
We  have  taken  much  pains  to  make  a  proper  distribution. 

Browne,  Alexander.     Works  on  Drawing,  1675,  &c. 

Browne,  Andrew,  a  Scotch  physician  of  the  17th 
century,  pub.  The  New  Cure  of  Fevers,  Edin.,  1691,  Svo. 
Bellum  Medicinale,  1699,  Svo.  Vindic.  of  Sydenham's 
Method  of  curing  continued  Fevers,  Lon.,  1700,  8yo.  Cold 
Baths,  1707.     Institutions  of  Physick,  1714,  Svo. 

Browne,  Arthur,  d.  1773,  aged  73,  an  Episcopal  cler- 


BRO 


BRO 


gyman  at  Portsmouth,  New  Hampshire,  was  a  native  of 
Ireland,  and  a  graduate  of  Trinity  College,  Dublin.  He 
pub.  several  sermons,  1738-57,  and  Remarks  on  Mayhew's 
Reflections  on  the  Church  of  England,  ITO/t.  His  grand- 
son. Arthur  Browne,  will  claim  our  notice  hereafter. 

Browne,  Arthur.  A  Short  View  of  the  first  Princi- 
ples of  the  Differential  Calculus,  Lon.,  1S25,  Svo.  This  is 
a  commentary  on  the  first  two  or  three  chapters  of  the 
Thforie  des  Fonctinns. 

Browne,  Arthur,  d.  1S05,  son  of  Mnrmaduke  Browne, 
rector  of  Trinity  Church,  Newport,  Rhode  Island,  and 
grandson  of  the  Rev.  Arthur  Browne,  (see  ante,)  in  his 
boyhood  attended  the  school  established  by  Dean  (after- 
wards Bishop)  Berkeley  at  Newport.  Arthur  went  to  Ire- 
land in  1771  or  1772,  and  during  the  remainder  of  his  life 
was  connected  with  Trinity  College.  Dublin,  as  Professor 
of  Civil  Law.  He  also  represented  the  University  in  the 
Irish  House  of  Commons.  As  a  professor,  it  has  been  de- 
clared that  he  was  the  "  idol  of  the  students.'*  A  Brief 
View  of  the  Question  whether  the  Articles  of  Limerick 
have  been  violated?  Dublin.  17S8.  Svo. 

"Great  stress  having  been  laid  by  the  Rnman  Catholics  of  Ire- 
land on  the  privilej^es  secured  to  them  by  the  articles  of  Limerick, 
(of  which  they  charge  the  penal  Jaws  they  have  lived  under  to  have 
been  vioUcions,)  the  author  of  this  well-writteu  tract  enters  into  an 
examination  of  these  articles."     Vide  Lon.  Month.  Kev.,  1778. 

A  Compendious  View  of  the  Civil  Law,  and  of  the  Law 
of  the  Admiralty  ;  being  the  substance  of  a  course  of  Lec- 
tures read  in  the  University  of  Dublin.  Dubl.,  1797-9S, 
2  vols.  8vo;  2d  edit.,  IS02  j  repub.  in  New  York,  1S40, 
2  vols.  Svo. 

"The  author  has  followed  Blackstone's  Commentaries  in  the 
order  of  treating  his  subject.  His  work  has  heen  deservedly  po- 
pular, hoth  on  account  of  the  learning,  solidity,  and  accuracy  of 
its  research,  and  because  it  is  the  best  book  in  the  language  show- 
ing the  connexion  between  the  Common  and  the  Civil  Law.  .  .  . 
It  is  often  cited,  and  always  with  respect." — Morvm''s  Legal  Bibl. 

See  notice  in  Lon.  Monthly  Review  for  1799.  Miscel- 
laneous Sketches,  or  Hints  for  Essays,  1798,  2  vols.  Svo. 
The  style  of  Montaigne  seems  to  have  been  kept  in  view 
in  the  composition  of  these  Essays.  Compendious  View  of 
the  Ecclesiastical  Law  of  Ireland,  &c. :  to  which  is  added, 
A  Sketch  of  the  Practice  of  the  Ecclesiastical  Courts,  IS03, 
2  vols.  Svo. 

"His  great  powers  of  mind  he  improved  by  incessant  .'^tudy, 
and  by  intercourse  with  the  most  distinguished  scholars  and  the 
mo.st  able  and  virtuous  statesmen  of  his  day." 

Browne,  Charles.     Two  sermons,  1740,  4to. 

Browne,  Danl.  Jay,  bom  1804,  N.  Hampshire,  son 
of  a  farmer.  He  devoted  several  years  of  his  life  to  the 
study  and  investigation  of  Agriculture,  Natural  History, 
and  resources  of  North  and  South  America,  W.  Indies, 
Europe,  aud  Western  Africa.  Served  ten  years  as  civil 
engineer  on  the  public  works  of  the  U.  S.  and  Prussia,  aud 
subsequently  had  charge  of  the  Agricultural  Dept.  of  the 
U.  S.  Patent-uffico.  Sylva  Americaua.  Trees  of  America. 
Entomological  Encyclopedia.  Tables  for  com]>uting  Inte- 
rest. Exchanges,  aud  Annuities.  Treatise  on  Maize.  Ame- 
rican Poultry  Yard.  American  Bird  Fancier.  Muck  Book. 
Letters  from  the  Canary  Islands,  &c.  Editor  of  the  Na- 
turalist, and  contrib.  to  various  Agricultural  Jnurnals. 

Browne,  Edward.  Legacies  of  Sir  James  Cambel, 
Lon.,  1642,  sm.  Svo. 

Browne,  Edward,  M.D.,  1644-1708,  Physician  to 
Charles  II.,  and  President  of  the  London  College  of  Phy- 
sicians, the  eldest  son  of  the  celebrated  Sir  Thomas  Browne, 
was  educated  at  Trinity  College,  Cambridge,  and  Merton 
College.  Oxford.  Several  of  his  papers  will  be  found  in 
Phil.  Trans..  1G70,  '74,  '81,  &c.  He  is  be.-^t  known  by  A 
Brief  Account  of  Travels  in  Hungary,  Scrvia.  Ac,  Lon., 
1673,  4to;  2d  edit,  (with  additions)  entitled  Account  of 
Travels  through  a  great  part  of  Germany  and  the  Low 
Countries,  Ac.  1677,  4to  ;  3d  edit,  (with  further  additions) 
entitled  TravcLs  in  Hungary,  Servia,  &c..,  1685,  fol.  Tra- 
vels containing  his  Obs.  on  France  and  Italy,  &c.,  1763, 
2  vols.  12mo.  Trans,  of  a  Discourse  of  the  Original  Cuun- 
trey,  Ac.  of  the  Cossacks.  Lon.,  1672.  12mo.  His  travels 
in  Hungary,  Ac.  have  been  highly  commended  by  some 
authorities,  and  but  little  esteemed  by  others. 

"  The  author  has  showed  himself  exMlently  qualified  for  a  tra- 
veller by  this  ingenious  piece,  in  which  he  has  omitted  nothing 
worthy  the  observation  of  so  curious  a  person,  having  spent  much 
of  his  time  in  the  discovery  of  European  rarities." — Introduc.  to 
voLlKt  of  ChurcfiVVs  Voyages;  "either  written  by,  or  at  least  un- 
der the  direction  of,  the  famous  Mr.  Locke." — Bw(f.  BHt. 

Dr.  Johnson  states  that  he  had  heard  Browne's  book 
highly  commended  by  a  learned  traveller,  who  had  visited 
many  places  after  him ;  upon  which  the  doctor  remarks, 

"  But,  whatever  it  may  contribute  to  the  instruction  of  a  natu- 
ralist, I  cannot  reromniend  it  as  likely  to  give  nmch  pleasure  to 
common  readers."— ii/e  of  Sir  TJiomas  Browne. 


Dr.  Johnson  expresses  a  regret,  in  which  we  can  all 
sympathize,  that  Sir  Thomas  Browne  has  left  us  no  ac- 
count of  his  travels. 

"  A  book  extravagantly  and  absurdly  praised  in  the  Bingraphia 
Bntaiinica.  His  travels  yield  someinfurmatinn  to  naturalists,  but 
Uttlt-  to  tht.'  philosophical  or  common  reader." — Chalmers's Biog. Diet. 

*'  Natural  history,  the  mines,  mineral  waters,  as  well  as  manners 
and  customs,  are  described  in  this  work,  which  bears  a  good  cha- 
racter."— Stevenson  :  Voyages  and  Trax^eh. 

Dr.  Browne,  like  his  celebrated  father,  was  distinguished 
for  scholarship : 

"  He  was  acquainted  with  Hebrew,  was  a  critic  in  Greek,  and  no 
man  of  bis  age  wrote  better  Latin.  German,  Italian.  French,  Ac, 
he  spoke  and  wrote  with  as  much  ease  as  his  mother  tongue. 
Physic  was  his  business,  and  to  the  promotion  thereof  all  his  other 
acquisitions  were  referred.  King  Charles  said  of  him  that  '  he  was 
as  learned  as  any  of  tbe  collet^e,  and  as  well-bred  as  any  at  court.' " 

Browne,  Edward  Harold,  Norrisian  Prof,  of  Di- 
vinity, Univ.  of  Cambridge.  Expos,  of  the  39  Articles, 
Lon.,  1S50,  2  vols.  8vo:  4th  ed.,  1S5S,  Svo.  Fulfilment  of 
the  0.  T.  Prophecies  relating  to  the  Messiah.  Camb.,  1836, 
Svo.    This  di.■^sertation  took  the  Norrisian  Medal  for  1835. 

Browne,  Felicia  Dorothea.     See  Hemans. 

Browne,  Francis,  D.D.,  Canon  of  "Windsor.  Ser- 
mon, Prov.  xxix.  25,  1712,  4to;  on  2  Cor.  v.  10,  1724.  4to. 

Browne,  George,  d.  about  1560?  consecrated  Arch- 
bi.sbup  of  Dublin  in  15^i5,  was,  according  to  Wood,  origi- 
nally ''an  Austin  frier  of  the  Convent  of  that  order  in 
London,  and  educated  in  academicals  among  those  of  bis 
order  in  Oxou."  He  was  the  first  bishop  that  embraced  and 
promoted  the  Reformation  iu  Ireland.  Historical  Collec- 
tions of  the  Church  of  Ireland,  Lon.,  1681,  4to.  Reprinted 
in  vol.  1st  of  the  Pheni.x,  and  in  Harleian  Miscellany,  vol. 
5th.     See  Strype's  Memorials  of  Archbishop  Cranmer. 

Browne,  Henry.  Hand-Book  of  Hebrew  Antiqui- 
ties, Lon..  ]2mo.  Ordo  Saiculorum :  Chronology  of  the 
Scriptures.  Oxford,  Svo. 

Browne,  Hyde  Mathis.  The  Apothecary's  Vade 
Mecum,  Ac,  Lon.,  1811,  Svo. 

Browne,  Isaac  Hawkins,  1705-1760,  a  native  of 
Burton-upon-Trent.  Stafi"t)rdshire.  was  educated  at  West- 
minster school,  and  at  Trinity  College.  Cambridge.  He 
settled  at  Lincoln's  Inn  about  1727,  and  applied  himself 
with  great  diligence  to  the  study  of  the  Law.  Highmore, 
the  painter,  was  his  particular  friend,  and  he  addressed  to 
him  his  poem  on  Design  and  Beauty. 

"  In  this,  one  of  the  longest  of  his  poems,  he  shows  an  exten- 
sive kno\vKd?;e  of  the  Platonic  philosophy;  and  pursues,  through 
the  ^^h^U^  the  idea  of  be,'iuty  advanced  by  that  philosophy.  By 
desiL'u  is  here  meant,  in  a  large  aud  extensive  sense,  that  power 
of  genius  which  enables  the  real  artist  to  collect  together  his  scat- 
tered ideas,  tfl  range  them  iu  proper  order,  and  to  form  a  regular 
plan  before  he  attempts  to  exhibit  any  work  in  architectm-e,  paint- 
ing, or.  pi  tetry." — Preface  to  his  Poems,  pub.  in  1768. 

The  Pipe  of  Tobacco,  also  written  whilst  of  Lincoln's 
Inn,  is  an  excellent  imitation  of  Cibber,  Ambrose  Philips, 
Thomson,  Young,  Pope,  and  Swift,  who  were  then  all 
living. 

"We  need  not  say  that  the  peculiar  manner  of  these  several 
writers  is  admir.^bly  hit  off  by  our  author,  and  that  he  hath  shewn 
himself  to  have  possessed  an  exrcll.'iit  imitative  genius.  Indeed, 
nothing  but  a  wide  spirit  of  dis'iiiiiination,  and  a  happy  talent 
at  various  composition,  could  b;ivr  i-nabli-d  him  to  have  succeeded 
so  well  as  he  hath  done  in  The  rijje  of  Tobacco." — Ibid. 

In  1754  he  pub.  his  principal  work,  a  Latin  poem,  enti- 
tled De  Animi  Immortalitate,  in  two  books,  4to.  This 
poem  excited  great  admiration.  In  a  few  months  trans- 
lations into  English  were  pub.  by  Dr.  Richard  Grey,  Mr. 
Hay,  John  Lettice,  and  others.  A  trans,  (the  best  made) 
by  Soame  Jenyns  will  be  found  in  his  Miscellanies,  Lon., 
1770,  8vo.  Mr.  Browne  intended  to  have  added  a  third 
book,  but  did  not  complete  his  design. 

"  In  these  three  books  he  purposed  to  cany  natural  religion  as 
far  as  it  would  go,  and  in  so  doing,  to  lay  the  true  foundation  of 
Christianity,  of  which  he  was  a  firm  believer.  But  he  went  no 
farther  than  to  leave  a  fragment  of  the  third  book,  enough  to 
make  us  lament  that  he  did  not  complete  the  whole.  .  -  .  Not  to 
mention  the  usefulness  and  importance  of  the  subject,  every  man 
of  taste  must  fft-l  that  the  poem  is  admirable  for  its  per.spicuity, 
precision,  and  order;  and  that  it  unites  the  philosophical  learning 
and  eloquence  of  Cicero,  with  the  numbers  and  much  of  the  poe- 
try of  Lucretius  and  Tirgil." — Biog.  Brit. 

*"  T  am  bett.^r  pleased,  when  I  consider  the  nature  of  the  subject, 
with  that  neatness  and  purity  of  diction  which  is  spread  over  the 
w  hole,  than  I  should  have  been  had  more  poetical  ornaments  been 
bestowed  upon  it."— Dr.  Green,  Bishop  of  Lincoln. 

"  I  need  not  enter  into  a  detail  to  show  how  well  you  have  fol- 
lowed, not  servilely  imitated,  Lucretius  and  Virgil;  how  perspi- 
cuously, as  well  as  elegantly,  you  have  handled  some  of  the  al»- 
strusest  arguments,  &c."— Letter  to  Browne,  from  the  celebrated 
James  Harris. 

Dr.  Beattie,  in  his  Essay  on  the  Utility  of  Classical 
Learning,  thus  refers  to  our  author  : 

"  Is.iao  Hawkins  Browne.  Esq.,  author  of  several  excellent 
Poems,  particularly  one  in  Latin  ou  the  immortality  of  the  soul; 


BRO 

of  which  Mrs.  Carter  justly  says,  that  it  does  honour  to  our  coun- 
try." 

Barnard,  Cambridge,  Upton,  and  Hoadly,  all  celebrated 
the  praise  of  the  successful  poet.  Browne's  Latin  and 
English  poems  were  pub.  Lon.,  176S,  Svo;  Essays  on  Me- 
taphysics, Morals,  and  Religion,  1816,  Svo.  Browne  was 
elected  to  Parliament  in  1744  and  1748.  His  success  as 
an  orator  may  be  judged  of  from  the  following  extract 
from  Boswell's  Johnson: 

*' We  talked  of  public  speaking.  Johnson  :  'We  must  not  esti- 
mate a  man's  powers  by  his  not  being  able  to  deliver  his  senti- 
ments in  public.  Isaac  Hawkins  Browne,  one  of  the  lirst  wits  of 
this  country,  got  into  Parliament,  and  never  opened  bis  mouth.' " 
Yet  the  difference  between  the  famous  Parliamentary 
orator,  Gerard  Hamilton,  and  the  taciturn  Isaac,  was  little 
more  than  one  speet-h  ! 

Browne,  J.  Masonic  Master  Key  through  the  three 
degrees,  1803. 

BroAVue,  J.  D,  Views  of  Ascent  and  from  Summit 
of  Mont  Blanc,  Lon.,  fol.,  £2  2«. 

Browue,  J.  H,,  Archdeacon  of  Ely.     Inquiry  into 

the    Character   of   Antichrist.  12mo.     Letters    to   Archd. 

Wilkins  on  Body  and  Soul ;  3d  edit.,  1824, 12mo.     Charges 

to  the  Archdeaconry  of  Ely,  1826-41. 

"Those  hitherto  publisht-d  iiave  been  very  Taluable." — Bicker- 

STETH. 

BroAVne,  J,  Ross.  1.  Etchings  of  a  Whaling  Cruise. 
With  an  Account  of  a  Sojourn  on  the  Island  of  Zanzibar. 
With  numerous  Plates,  Svo,  Lou.  and  N.  York. 

'•  Into  the  personal  narrative  with  which  the  writer  of  this  book, 
who  is  an  American,  has  chosen  to  favour  the  world,  we  shall  not 
enter.  He  gives  a  strange  account  of  the  circumstances  which  led 
to  his  Toyage  and  the  antecedents  of  his  life.  Suflice  it  that  his 
book  is  a  livc^ly.  clever,  and  readable  one." — Lon.  Morning  Chron. 

2.  Crusade  in  the  East ;  a  Narrative  of  Personal  Adven- 
tures and  Travels,  N.  York,  12mo. 

Browne,  James,  b.  about  1616,  was  entered  of  Oriel 
College,  Oxford,  in  1634.  Antichrist  in  Spirit;  animad- 
verted on  by  George  Fox  in  his  book.  Tlie  Great  iMystery 
of  the  Great  Whore  Unfolded,  Lon..  1659,  ful.  Scripture 
Redemption  freed  from  Men's  Restrictions,  Lon.,  1673. 
The  Substance  of  several  Conferences  about  the  death  of 
our  Redeemer,  Ac, 

"  In  the  title  of  which  he  says  that  he  was  now  (1073)  a  preacher 
of  the  faith  which  once  he  destroyed." — Athen.  Oxon. 

Wood  refers  to  his  erroneous  opinions  when  a  chaplain 
in  the  parliament  army,  and  gives  us  to  understand  that, 
like  most  men  unsettled  in  their  views,  he  was  in  the  habit 
of  troubling  others  of  more  stability: 

"  He  took  all  occasions  to  disturb  orthodox  men  with  his  dis- 
putes. But  after  the  return  of  Charles  1.  he  changed  bis  mind, 
and  became  orthodox,  and  so  continued,  as  1  presume,  to  the  time 
of  his  death." — Athai.  Ox<rn. 

Browne,  James.  History  of  the  Highlands  and  the 
Highland  Clans,  Lon.,  1848,  4  vols.  Svo,  and  r.  Svo. 

"This  complete  and  comprehensive  work  contains  must  inte- 
resting and  authentic  accounts  of  the  aboriginal  Highland  Tribes, 
the  Pictish  and  Scoto-Irish  Kings,  early  civilization,  antiquities, 
poetry,  superstitions,  language,  music,  domestic  manners  and 
habits,  dress,  institution  of  chiefs,  national  characteristics,  &c.'' 

*'  No  other  work  exists  in  which  the  subject  of  the  Highlands 
and  Highland  Clans  is  treated  of  in  all  its  branch'!:,  or  to  which 
reference  may  conveniently  be  made  for  information  respecting 
them  in  an  agreeable,  elegant,  and  accessible  form.  His  late  ma- 
jesty was  pleased  to  allow  access,  for  the  lirst  time,  to  the  Stuart 
Papers,  for  the  use  of  the  author  in  preparing  this  National 
Work."    See  Logan,  James. 

A  Life  of  Petrarch  in  7th  edit,  of  Encyc.  Brit. 

"Evincing  critii'al  disri  iniinalion  and  learned  research  of  the 
highest  order."' — Mefi'dju'litat)  ('imsi'n'aftvf'  Journal. 

History  of  New.'^papers ;  in  7th  edit.  Encyc.  Brit. 

'*  It  contains  the  latest  and  fullest  information  we  have  met 
with  on  this  subject,  and  will  be  read  with  interest  and  profit  by 
all  who  have  occasion  to  prosecute  imiuiries  upon  it." — Carlisle 
(England)  Journal. 

BroAvne,  John.  The  Marchants  Avizo,  Lon.,  1589, 
4to ;  reprinted,  1616,  4tu. 

'•  Not  noticed  by  Amos  or  Herbert." — Lowndes. 

Browne,  John-     Ordinary  Joint  Rule,  Lon.,  16S6. 

Browne,  John.  History  and  Antiquities  of  York 
Cathedral.  Lon.,  2  vols.  r.  4to,'£S  ISs.  6rf. 

Browne,  John,  of  Crewkerne,  Somerset,  a  boy  of  12 
years  uf  age.  Poetical  Tntn.sl.ations  from  various  Authors. 
Pub.  by  Mr.  Ashe.  Lun.,  178S,  4to. 

*'  We  have  observed,  in  several  places,  a  freedom  of  ti-anslation 
and  an  expansion  of  thought,  i-arely  to  be  met  with  in  so  young 
a  writer,  and  which  we  should  have  ascribed  to  Mr.  Ashe's  touch- 
ing up  the  MSS.,  li;id  he  not  assured  us  (and  wi'  do  nnt  (jiieslion 
his  veracity)  that  they  are  the  genuine  production  nt"  .M.-ister  .Inhn 
Browne,  a  yoid/i  Imt  I'J  years  old!  I !" — Lon.  Mo/dhly  Jifririn,  17S8. 

Browne,  John,  Rector  of  Beeby,  Leicestershire, 
The  Divine  Authority  of  the  Christian  Religion,  eight  ser- 
mons preached  17.'iO,  '?>1,  at  Lady  Moyer's  Lecture,  Lon., 
1732,  8vo.     Other  Sermons,  1721-35. 

Browne,  John.     Universal  Redemption,  Lon.,  1798. 

262  tr         J  f 


BRO 

BroAVne,  John,  late  Fellow  of  C.  C.  C,  Oxford. 
Serniur  s  on  the  Infancy  of  Human  Nature,  preached  1806, 
at  the  Bampton  Lecture,  Oxf.,  1S09.  Svo. 

"Through  the  several  dispensations  of  God  towards  mankind, 
harmonv.  order,  and  proportion  will  be  found  to  have  character- 
ized all  the  otM^rations  of  his  power." 

Browne,  John,  Curate  of  Trinity  Church,  Chelten- 
ham.    2?>  Sermons,  Lon.,  1836,  Svo. 

Browne,  John  Samuel.  Catalogue  of  English 
Bishops  from  16SS  to  the  present  time,  Lon.,  1812,  Svo. 

Browne,  Joseph,  M.D.  Lecture  of  Anatomy  against 
the  Circulation  of  the  Blood,  Lon.,  1698,  1701,  4"to.  Tho 
Modern  Practice  of  Physic  Vindicated,  1703.  '04,  "05,  12mo. 
Fundamentals  in  Physick,  1709,  12mo.  Institutions  of 
Physick,  1714.  Svo.  Practical  Treatise  on  the  Plague, 
1720,  Svo.  Antidotaria,  or  a  Collection  of  Antidotes 
against  the  Plague  and  other  Malignant  Diseases,  1721,  Svo. 
Browne,  Joseph,  D.D.,  1700-1767,  Provost  of 
Queen's  College,  Oxford,  a  native  of  Cumberland,  pub.  in 
1726  from  the  University  press,  a  "  most  beautiful  edition" 
of  Cardinal  Barberini's  Latin  Poems,  with  notes  and  a  life 
of  the  author,  (afterwards  Pope  Urban  VIII.,)  and  a  dedi- 
cation to  his  friend  Edward  Hassel,  Esq.,  of  Balemain. 
Browne,  M.  C.  A  Leaf  outof  Burke's  Book,  1796,  Svo. 
Browne,  Maria  J,  B.,  a  native  of  Northampton, 
Ma.~sachusctts,  has  pub.  several  volumes  for  the  young,— 
Margaret  McDonald,  1848;  Laura  Huntley,  1850,  &c.— 
and  contributed  a  number  of  articles  to  periodicals.  See 
Hart's  Female  Prose  Writers  of  America,  1855. 

Browne,  Mary  Anne,  1812-1844,  a  native  of  Maiden- 
head, Berkshire,  England,  published  poetry  which  did  her 
great  credit  at  the  early  age  of  15.  Her  first  work  was 
Mont  Blanc ;  she  afterwards  gave  to  the  world,  Ada,  Re- 
pentance, The  Coronal,  Birthday  Gift,  Ignatia,  a  voL  of 
sacred  poetry,  and  many  fugitive  pieces  in  prose  and 
verse.  In  1842  she  was  married  to  James  Gray,  a  Scotch 
gentleman,  a  nephew  of  Hogg,  the  Ettrick  Shepherd.  She 
died  at  Cork  in  1844. 

'■  Iler  style  is  modelled  on  the  manner  of  the  old  bards;  and 
though  her  poetry  never  leaches  the  height  she  evidently  sought 
to  attain,  it  is  excellent  for  its  pure  taste  and  just  sentiment; 
while  a  few  instances  of  bold  imagination  show  vividly  the  ardour 
of  a  fancy  which  prudence  and  delicacy  always  controlled." — 
Mrs.  Hale's  Jiecovd^  of  Wotntn. 

Browne,  Mathias.  Opinions  of  Philosophers  con- 
cerning Man's  Chiefest  Good,  1659,  Svo. 

Browne,  Patrick,  b.  about  1720-1790,  a  native  of 
Woodstock,  county  of  Mayo,  Ireland.  The  Civil  and 
Natural  History  of  Jamaica,  Lon.,  1756,  fob,  and  17S9, 
fol.  This  valuable  work  was  reviewed  in  the  Literary 
Magazine  by  Dr.  Samuel  Johnson.  A  New  Map  of  Ja- 
maica, Lon.,  1755,  2  sheets.  By  this  map  the  doctor  made 
a  profit  of  400  guineas.  A  Catalogue  of  the  Birds  of  Ire- 
laud  ;  pub.  in  Exshaw's  Mag.,  June,  1774;  and  in  the 
August  number  was  pub.  a  Catalogue  of  the  Fish  of  Ire- 
land. The  doctor  visited  Jamaica,  Antigua,  and  other 
islands,  for  the  purpose  of  "  collecting  and  preserving 
specimens  of  the  plants,  birds,  shells,  &c.  of  those  luxu- 
riant soils,  with  a  view  to  the  improvement  of  natural 
history." 

Browne,  Peter,  d.  1735,  a  native  of  Ireland,  was  at 
first  Provost  of  Trinity  College,  Dublin,  and  afterwards 
Bishop  of  Cork.  A  Letter  in  Answer  to  Toland's  Chris- 
tianity not  Mysterious,  Lon.,  1697,  Svo.  The  Progress, 
Extent,  and  Limits  of  the  Human  Understanding.  Lon., 
1728,  Svo.  Of  Drinking  in  Remembrance  of  the  Dead, 
Lon.,  1715,  Svo.  Of  this  custom  the  bishop  highly  disap- 
proved. Discourse  of  Drinking  Healths,  Lon.,  1716. 
Things  Divine  and  Supernatural,  Ac,  Lon.,  1733,  Svo. 
Sermons,  1749,  2  vols.  Svo. 

'•  Levelled  principally  against  the  Socinians ;  written  in  a  manly 
and  easy  style,  and  much  admired." 

Browne,  Peter  Arrell,  LL.D.,  b.  17S2,  at  Phila- 
delphia. 1.  Reports  of  Cases  in  the  Court  of  Common 
Pleas  of  the  First  Judicial  District  of  Pennsylvania,  Phila., 
1811,  2  vols.  Svo.  2.  Trichologia  Mammalium ;  or,  A 
Treatise  on  the  Organization  and  Uses  of  Hairs  and  Wool, 
1S53.  3.  Notices  and  Anecdotes  of  the  Bench  and  Bar  of 
Penna.  from  1609,  MS. 

Browne,  Philip,  Vicar  of  Halsted,  Essex.  Sermons, 
1682,  "84.  4to. 

Browne,  Rev.  R.  W.,  Professor  of  Classical  Litera- 
ture in  King's  College.  London.  History  of  Greek  and 
Roman  Classical  Literature,  Lon.,  1S51-53,  2  vols.  8vo. 
History  of  Greece,  ISmo;  of  Rome,  ISmo;  pub.  in  Gleig's 
School  Series.  History  of  Romo  to  the  Death  of  Doniitian, 
p.  Svo.  Soc.  P.  C.  K.  Classical  Examination  Papers,  King's 
Colleere,  Svo. 
'■  Mr.  Browne's  Uistory  of  Greek  Classical  Literature  is  in  advance 


BRO 

of  every  thing  we  have,  and  it  may  be  considered  indispensable  to 
the  classical  scholar  and  student."— Prof.  J.  A.  Spencer.  JV.  York. 
Professors  Griffin  of  Williams  College,  Hyde  of  Burling- 
ton College,  and  Harrison  of  the  University  of  Virginia, 
also  highly  commend  this  work. 

Browne, Robert.  Treatises  on  Longitude, &c, 1714/36. 
Browne,  Robert.  System  of  Theology,  revealed  from 
God  by  the  Angels,  in  the  British  langu:ige,  Lon.,  1728,  Svo. 
Browne,  Robert.     Peach  and  Nectarine  Trees,  1787. 
Browne,  Rowland  J.     A  Practical  Treatise  on  Ac- 
tions at  Law,  Lon.,  1S43,  Svo. 
'•A  full,  accurate,  and  useful  treatise." — irarvin's  Legal  Bihl. 
Browne,  Sam.     Collection  of  Merry  Jokes,  with  the 
curious  story  of  the  unfortunate  French  Pastry-Cook,  Svo, 
Browne,  Sara  H.,  a  native  of  Sunderhmd,  Massa- 
chusetts, is  known  as  the  authoress  of  My  Early  Friends, 
1S47.    Recollections  of  My  Sabbath-School  Teachers,  1S50, 
A'C.    She  has  also  contributed  to  the  periodicals.    See  Hart's 
Female  Prose  Writers  of  America,  1855. 

Browne,  Simon,  1 680-1732,  a  Dissenting  minister  of 
great  learning,  was  a  native  of  Shepton  Mallet,  Somerset- 
shire. In  1716  he  accepted  a  call  to  the  pa.storal  charge 
of  the  congregation  of  Dissenters  in  Old  Jewry,  London. 
Here  he  was  eagerly  listened  to  by  crowded  congregations 
until  1723,  when,  from  grief  at  the  loss  of  his  wife  and  only 
son,  he  became  deranged  on  a  particular  suliject,  though 
mentally  undisturbed  on  other  matters.  He  was  firmly 
persuaded  that  the  Supreme  Being  had 

'•Annihilated  in  him  the  thinking  substance,  and  utterly  di- 
vested him  of  consciousness :  that  thou;^h  he  retained  the  human 
shape,  and  the  faculty  of  speaking,  in  a  manner  that  appeared  to 
others  rational,  he  had  all  the  while  no  more  notion  of  what  he 
said  than  a  parrot." 

He  continued  under  this  delusion  for  the  rest  of  his  life. 
He  gave  up  his  clerical  charge,  and  refused  to  join  in  any 
act  of  worship,  either  public  or  private.  Yet  while  in  this 
sad  condition,  he  wrote  his  celebrated  answer  to  Woolston's 
Discourse  on  the  Miracles  of  our  Saviour,  and  his  strictures 
upon  Tindal's  Christianity  as  old  as  the  Creation.  If  he  ^cna 
crazy,  he  was  at  least  more  than  equal  to  tw*o  infidels ;  and  so 
Woolston  and  Tindal  found  to  their  cost.  He  also  evinced  his 
mental  vigour  by  the  compilation  of  Greek  and  Latin  Dic- 
tionaries; though,  indeed,  he  doe?  not  seem  to  have  consi- 
dered this  any  evidence  of  intellectual  ability  :  he  replied  to 
a  friend  who  called  in,  and  asked  him  what  he  was  doing, — ■ 
*"I  am  doing  nothing  that  rer]uires  a  reasonable  soul;  I  am 
making  a  Dictionary ;  but  you  know  thanks  should  be  returned  to 
God  for  every  thiug.  and  therefore  for  Diotion.ary-Makers." 

We  hope  that  our  rather  impolitic  disinterestedness  in 
introducing  this  anecdote  into  our  Lexicon  will  be  duly 
appreciated. 

Browne  pub.  in  1706  A  Caveat  against  Evil  Company; 
this  was  a  short  treatise.  The  True  Character  of  the  Pteal 
Christian,  1709,  Svo.  Hymns  and  Spiritual  Songs,  1720, 
12mo.  Sermons,  1722.  A  Disquisition  on  the  Trinity, 
1732,  Svo.  A  Fit  Rebuke  to  a  Ludicrous  Infidel;  in  some 
Kemarkson  Mr.  Woolston's  Fifth  Discourse  on  the  Miracles 
of  our  Saviour,  1732,  Svo,  with  a  Preface  concerning  the 
prosecution  of  such  writers  by  the  Civil  Power. 

"  In  this  answer  Browne  displays  great  ability.  The  preface  is 
considered  a  noble  apology  for  liberty  of  conscience  and  of  the 
press,  and  a  severe  condemnation  of  civil  prosecutions  for  matters 
of  opinion." — Lowndes. 

Defence  of  the  Religion  of  Nature,  and  the  Christian 
Revelation;  against  the  defective  account  of  the  one,  and 
the  exceptions  against  the  other,  in  a  book  entitled  Chris- 
tianity as  old  as  the  Creation,  Lon.,  1732,  Svo;  against 
Tindal.  The  Close  of  the  Defence,  Ac,  1733,  Svo.  Mr. 
B.  also  contributed  to  a  periodical  entitled  The  Occasional 
Paper;  collected  in  3  vols.  Svo. 

"He  was  a  man  of  very  considerable  learning,  of  distinguished 
virtue,  of  the  most  fervent  piety,  and  was  animated  by  an  ardent 
zeal  for  the  interests  of  rational  and  practical  reliijion.  His  abili- 
ties made  him  respected,  and  his  virtues  rendered  him  beloved: 
but  such  was  the  peculiarity  of  his  case,  that  he  lived  a  melancholy 
instance  of  the  weakness  of  human  nature." 

Browne,  Stephen.  Laws  of  Ingrossing,&c., 1765, Svo. 
Browne,  Theophilus.     Harvest  Sermon,  1708,  4to. 
Browne, Theophilus.  SelectPartsof  Scripture.1805. 
Browne,  Thomas,  D.D.,  160-1-1673,  anative  of  Mid- 
dlesex, elected  student  of  Christ  Church,  1620;  domestic 
chaplain  to  Archbishop  Laud,  1637;  Canon  of  Windsor, 
1639;  and  Rector  of  Oddington,  Oxfordshire.     Camden's 
Tomus  alter  et  idem  ;  or.  The  History  of  the  Life  and  Death 
of  Queen  Elizabeth,  trans,  into  English,  Lon.,  1629,  4to. 
To  the  original  (Camden's  Annals,  vol.  ii..  1589-1602)  the 
translator  hns  added  corrections,  animadversions,  Ac.     A 
Key  to  the  King's  Cabinet,  Oxf.,  1645,  fol.     De  Posthurao 
Grotii,  Hague,  1646,  Svo:  pub.  under  the  name  of  Simpli- 
cius  Virinus  :  it  was  a  defence  of  Grotius  against  an  epistle 


BRO 

of  Salmnsius.  The  Royal  Charter  granted  unto  Kings  by 
God  Himself,  Lon.,  1649,  Svo.  Dissertatio  de  Therapeutis 
Philonis  adversus  Henricum  Valesiam,  Lon.,  1687,  Svoj 
subjoined  to  Colomesius's  edit,  of  St.  Clement's  Epistles. 
Sermon  on  Rom.  x.  15,  1688,  4to.  Latin  Sermon  on  Horn, 
x.  15,  1688,  4to. 

Wood  refers  to  a  sermon  of  our  author's,  which  produced 
great  excitement.  It  was  one  preached  before  the  Univer- 
sity in  St.  Mary's,  Dec.  24,  1033; 

"Which  sermon  being  esteemed  a  blasphemous  piece  by  the  pu- 
ritanical party  of  the  said  parish,  they  complained  of  it  to  tin;  said 
archbishop,  [Laud,]  who  instead  of  having  him  punished,  was 
made  (say  they)  canon  of  Windsor;  and  afterwards,  when  the  said 
archbishop's  writings  were  seized  on  at  Lambeth,  the  sermon  was 
found  lying  on  his  table:  but  this  I  presume  was  never  printed." — 
Athen.  Ojci'TI. 

Browne, Thomas.  The  Times :  a  Satyr,Lon.,1783,4to. 

Browne,  Thomas.  Classical  Dictionary,  Lon.,  1797, 
12mo.  Viridarium  Poeticura,  1799,  Svo.  The  British  Ci- 
cero, 1803,  3  vols.  Svo.     Pinacotheco  classica,  1811,  12mo. 

Browne,  Captain  Thomas  Gunter.  Hermes  Un- 
masked, 1795,  Svo.  Letters  3d  and  4th,  containing  the 
Mysteries  of  Metaphysics,  Ac,  1790.  Svo. 

BroAVue,  Sir  Thomas,  M.D.,  1005-1682,  one  of  the 
most  distinguished  of  English  writers,  was  a  native  of  Lon- 
don. His  father,  ahighly  respectable  merchant,  died  during 
his  nonage,  and  his  mother  was  married  again  to  Sir  Thomas 
Dutton.  His  education  was  commenced  at  Winchester, 
from  whence,  in  1623,  he  was  sent  to  Pembroke  College, 
Oxford,  where  he  was  entered  a  gentleman  commoner.  He 
took  the  degree  of  M.A.,  studied  medicine,  and  commenced 
practice  in  Oxfordshire.  Shortly  afterwards  he  visited  the 
Continent,  studied  at  Padua,  and  was  created  Doctor  of 
Physic  in  the  University  of  Leyden.  He  returned  to  Eng- 
land about  1633,  and  between  this  and  1635  is  supposed  to 
have  written  his  Religio  Medici.  In  1636  he  settled  at 
Norwich,  and  in  1637  he  was  created  Doctor  of  Physic  in 
the  University  of  Oxford.  Four  years  later  he  was  united 
in  marriage  to  a  lady  of  the  name  of  Mileham,  of  a  Nor- 
folk family.  The  wits  considered  his  desertion  of  a  bachelor 
life,  after  his  curious  proposition  in  the  Religio  Medici,  to 
afford  a  fair  handle  against  him.  Lut  Browne  let  them 
laugh  to  their  content,  satisfied  with  his  domestic  happiness. 
The  amiable  pair  were  united  for  the  long  term  of  one-and- 
forty  years,  and  saw  ten  children  grtiwing  up  arounrl  them. 
He  was  chosen  an  Honorary  Fellow  of  the  Royal  College 
of  Physicians  in  1604,  and  in  1671  received  the  honour  of 
knighthood  from  Charles  II.  Before  his  death  he  made 
donations  for  the  bcnelit  of  Trinity  College,  Cambridge, 
and  Christ  Church,  Oxford.  We  now  come  to  speak  of 
those  works  which  have  placed  him  in  the  first  rank  of 
English  authors.  The  Religio  Mclici, — The  Religion  of 
a  Physician, — his  first  work,  was  nut  designed,  the  author 
states,  for  publication.  A  MS.  copy  floated  about  for  some 
time  from  hand  to  hand,  until  it  found  its  way  to  the 
press,  without  the  author's  knowledge,  in  1642,  in  which 
year  two  editions  were  pub.  (Lon.,  Svo.)  An  edition 
was  put  forth  by  the  author  in  1643,  and  by  1685  it  had 
passed  through  no  less  than  eight  editions.  The  corre- 
spondence between  Sir  Kcnelm  Digby  and  the  author,  rela- 
tive to  the  annotations  of  the  former,  need  only  be  alluded 
to  here.  A  detailed  account  will  he  found  in  the  Biog. 
Brit.,  and  some  sensible  observations  on  the  subject  in 
Johnson's  Life  of  Sir  Thomas  Browne,  and  in  Mr.  Simon 
Wilkins's  Preface  in  H.  G.  Bohn's  excellent  edition,  1852, 
3  vols.  Mr.  Merryweathcr  of  Cambridge  introduced  Re- 
ligio Medici  to  the  learned  of  other  lands,  by  a  Latin  ver- 
sion, which  was  pub.  in  Holland  in  1644,  and  the  same 
year  in  Paris,  and  in  Strasburg  in  1652,  with  copious  notes 
by  Moltkeuius.  The  notes  of  Sir  Kenelm  Digby  will  be 
found  in  the  English  edition  of  1643,  and  those  in  the 
editions  from  1644  are  by  Thomas  Keek  of  the  Temple. 
From  Merryweather's  version  it  was  trans,  into  Italiaii, 
German,  Dutch,  and  French. 

*'  The  Keligio  Medici  was  no  sooner  published,  than  it  excited  the 
attention  of  the  public  by  the  novelty  of  paradoxes,  the  dignity 
of  sentiment,  the  quick  succession  of  images,  the  multitude  of  ab- 
struse allusions,  the  subtility  of  disquisition,  and  the  strength  of 
language." — Db.  Saml.  Johnson. 

The  famous  Guy  Patin,  in  a  letter  from  Paris,  April  7, 
1645,  alludes  to  the  sensation  which  its  publication  excited 
in  that  polished  capital : 

"The  book  entitled  Keligio  Medici  is  in  high  credit  here.    The 

author  has  wit;  there  are  abundance  of  fine  things  in  that  book; 

he  is  a  humorist,  whose  thoujjhts  are  very  aijreeable,  but  who,  in 

my  opinion,  is  to  seek  for  a  master  in  religion — as  many  others 

I  are — and.  in  the  end,  perhaps,  may  find  none.    <)ne  may  say  of 

I  him.  as  Philip  de  Comines  did  of  the  founder  of  the  MInimes,  a 

hermit  of  Calabria.  Francis  de  Paula,  *■  he  is  still  alive,  and  may 

,  grow  worse  as  well  as  better,' " 


BRO 

It  is  certainly  calculated  to  induce  caution  in  an  author 
wlien  he  rememhers  that,  for  a  few  careless  remarks,  a  sin- 
cere Christian,  like  Browne,  has  had  attributed  to  him  a 
character  which  he  would  have  considered  a  lasting  dis- 
grace— that  of  an  unbeliever  in  Christianity.  Salmasius, 
Buddajus,  Tobias  Wagner,  Miiller,  and  Reiser,  consider 
him  as  doubtful,  an  infidel,  or  even  atheistic,  as  their  views 
vary,  whilst  Keimmaunus  and  Heister  warmly  vindicat« 
his  orthodoxy.  This  grave  charge  of  unbelief,  or  even  of 
skepticism,  is  altogether  unjustifiable.  The  disreputable 
ranks  of  the  enemies  of  truth  are  ever  on  the  watch  to 
stamp  their  brand  of  infamy  on  the  brow  of  those  whose 
reputation  they  hope  will  strengthen  their  wretched  cause. 
As  Johnson  well  remarks, 

"  In  proportion  as  tbey  doubt  the  truth  of  their  own  doctrines, 
they  are  desirous  to  gain 'the  attestation  of  another  understanding : 
and  industriously  labour  to  win  a  proselyte,  and  eagerly  catch  at 
the  sliybtest  pretence  to  dignify  their  sect  with  a  celebrated  name." 

Johnson  sums  up  the  case  as  respects  Sir  Thomas  in  his 
own  masterly  style : 

"  The  opinions  of  every  man  must  be  learned  from  himself: 
concerning  his  practice,  it  is  .safest  to  trust  the  evidence  of  others. 
When  these  testimonies  concur,  no  higher  degree  of  historical  cer- 
tainty can  be  obtained;  and  they  apparently  concur  to  prove,  that 
Browne  was  a  zealous  adherent  to  the  faith  of  Christ,  that  he  lived 
in  obedience  to  bis  laws,  and  died  in  confidence  of  his  mercy." 

In  1646  Browne  pub.  his  Pseudodoxia  Epidemica,  or 
Enquiries  into  very  many  received  Tenets,  and  commonly 
presumed  Truths,  (sm.  folio;)  2d  edit.,  enlarged  and  cor- 
rected, 1650,  fol. ;  again  in  1659,  fob ;  and  in  1669,  72, 
4to ;  6th  edit.,  with  improvements,  1673 ;  in  French,  Paris, 
1733,  2  vols.  12mo.  This  was  received  with  great  favour, 
although  it  was  criticized  by  Alexander  Ross,  (who  as 
Medicus  Medicatus  had  attjicked  Reli^io  Medici,)  as  Arcana 
Microcosmi,  and  by  Robinson  in  his  Eudoxa,  or  a  Calm 
Ventilation,  &c. 

"  It  is  indeed  to  be  wished,  that  he  had  longer  delayed  the  pub- 
lication, and  added  what  the  remaining  part  of  his  life  might  h.ave 
furnished :  the  thirty-six  years  which  he  spent  afterwards  in  study 
and  experience,  would  doubtless  have  made  large  .additions  to  an 
Inquiry  into  Vulgar  Krrors." — Johns<yn's  Li/'-  vf  Sir  T.  B. 

'•  Browne's  Inquiry  into  Yulgar  Errors  displays  a  great  deal  of 
erudition,  but  scarcely  raises  a  high  notion  of  Browne  himself  as 
a  philosopher,  or  of  the  state  of  physical  knowledge  in  England. 
The  errors  he  indicates  are  such  as  none  but  illiterate  persons,  we 
should  think,  were  likely  to  hold,  .and  I  believe  that  few  on  the 
continent  so  late  as  1646.  would  have  required  to  have  them  ex- 
ploded with  such  an  ostentation  of  proof  Who  did  not  know  that 
the  ph<*nix  is  a  fable?" — Hallams  Introthic.  Ui  Lit.  Hist. 

But  some  other  learned  authorities  estimate  this  work 
very  differently : 

"  No  modern  author  has  treated  this  subject  more  accurately  or 
copiously.  In  his  first  book  he  learnedly  inquires  into  the  general 
causes  of  error;  and  in  his  succeeding  books  he  not  only  discourses 
of  the  mistakes  which  are  crept  into  natural  philosophy,  but  such 
also  as  have  corrupted  history,  theology,  mechanic  arts,  and  phy- 

Sick." — MuRHOF. 

'■  As  he  excelled  in  theoretical  and  practical  divinity,  so  he  shone 
no  less  in  philosophy,  wherein  be  emulated  Hercules;  and  under- 
taking by  his  Fxmt.  Ep.  to  clear  the  sciences  from  error,  he  fell 
nothing  short  of  the  other's  labour  in  cleansing  the  Augean  stable." 
— Keimm.\x. 

"  It  is  an  excellent  work,  and  contains  abundance  of  curious 
things.'' — NiCERON. 

Pee  Supplet.  Memoir  by  Simon  Wilkins,  prefixed  to  H. 
G.  Bohn's  edit.,  1862,  3  vols. 

In  1658  appeared  his  Hydriotaphia,  ITrnc-Burial,  or  a 
Discourse  of  the  Sepulchral  Urnes  lately  found  in  Norfolk. 

"  From  the  trivial  incident  of  the  discovery  of  a  few  urns  at 
Walsingham.  he  undertakes  to  treat  of  the  funeral  rites  of  all  na- 
tions, and  has  endeavoured  to  trace  these  rites  to  the  principles 
and  feelings  which  gave  rise  to  them.  The  extent  of  reading  dis- 
played in  this  single  treatise  is  most  astonishing,  and  the  whole  is 
irradiated  with  the  flashes  of  a  bright  and  highly  poetical  genius, 
though  we  are  not  sure  that  auy  regular  plan  can  be  discovered  in 
the  work." — Cunni7ig!iam's  Biog.  Hut.,  q.  v. 

"  There  is  perhaps  none  of  bis  works  which  better  exemplify  his 
reading  or  memory.  It  is  scai-cely  to  be  imagined  how  many  par- 
ticulars he  has  amassed  together  in  a  treatise  which  seems  to  have 
been  occasionally  written ;  and  for  which,  therefore,  no  materials 
could  have  been" previously  collected." — Johnson's  Lift  of  T,  B. 

To  this  work  was  added  the  Garden  of  Cyrus,  or  the 
Quincunxial  Lozenge,  or  Net  Work  Plantation  of  the  An- 
cients, artificially,  naturally,  mystically,  considered.  In 
this  work  the  author  searches  diligently  for  any  thing  ap- 
proaching to  the  form  of  a  quincunx,  and  his  ingenuity 
discovers,  Coleridge  says, 

"  Quincunxes  in  heaven  above,  quincunxes  in  earth  below,  quin- 
cunxes in  the  mind  of  man.  quincunxes  in  tones,  in  optic  nerves, 
in  roots  of  trees,  in  leaves,  in  every  thing.'' 

In  lieu  of  a  very  learned  defiuition  of  a  quincunx,  let 
the  reader  accept  the  following  as  a  pictorial  representa- 
tion thereof: 

*  * 
» 

•  * 


BRO 

Johnson  wittily  remarks  upon  Browne's  ingenuity  in  dis- 
cuT-ering  Quincunxes,  that 

"  A  reader,  not  watchful  against  the  power  of  his  infusions, 
would  imagine  that  decussation  was  the  great  business  of  the 
world,  and  that  nature  and  art  had  no  other  pin-pose  than  to  ex- 
emplify and  imitate  a  quincunx." 

Sir  Thomas  left  a  number  of  treatises,  a  collection  of 
which  was  published  after  his  death,  by  Doctor,  afterwards 
Archbishop,  Tcnison,  (Lon.,  1684,  8vo,)  and  another  by 
John  Ilase.  Christian  Morals  was  pub.  by  Dr.  Jeffrey  in 
1716.  A  notice  of  these  learned  pieces  will  be  found  ia 
Johnson's  Life  of  Browne.     It  has  been  remarked  that 

"  Certainly  never  any  thing  fell  from  his  pen  which  did  not  de- 
serve to  see'  the  light.  His  very  letters  were  dissertations,  and 
full  of  singular  learning,  though  written  upon  the  most  common 
subjects." 

His  collected  works  were  pub.  in  1686,  fol.  In  1836 
Simon  Wilkin.  F.L.S.,  Esq.,  favoured  the  world  with  an 
edition  in  4  vols.  8vo,  which  has  been  recently  (in  1852) 
pub.  in  3  vols.  Svo,  in  Henry  G.  Bohn's  excellent  Antiqua- 
rian Library,  which,  with  his  other  valuable  libraries  of 
standard  works,  we  commend  to  the  reader's  attention.  In 
Mr.  Wilkin's  edition  of  Browne's  works  will  be  found,  be- 
sides other  important  matter,  much  bibliographical  in- 
formation respecting  the  early  impressions  of  Browne's 
diflferent  treatises.  Every  one  who  desires  to  enjoy  the 
evidences  of  a  massive  grandeur  which  he  little  expected 
to  find  in  an  English  author,  should  hasten  to  the  perusal 
of  the  verba,  ardentia — the  ^joiii/cra  verborum — of  Brovrae, 
as  to  a  noble  intellectual  repast.  We  think  that  too  much 
stress  has  been  laid  upon  Johnson's  alleged  imitations  of 
the  style  of  the  learned  physician.  The  lexicographer 
was  more  indebted  to  Browne  than  was  the  essayist.  John- 
son certainly  learned  something  from  Browne,  but  perhaps 
he  profited  as  much  by  Chambers,  and  more  by  Sir  William 
Temple.  In  depth  and  suggestiveness  Browne  as  much 
excels  Johnson,  as  the  latter  excels  the  former  in  fluency 
and  grace  of  modulation.  Who  ever  had  to  read  a  sen- 
tence of  Johnson's  twice  before  he  could  comprehend  it  ? 
Who  ever  read  a  page  of  Browne's  without  a  reinspection 
of  several  passages,  which  had  perplexed  more  than  they 
had  gratified?  Tfet  such  intellectual  exercise  is  most 
healthful,  and  promotes  a  mental  robustness  and  vigour 
which  amply  repay  the  cost  at  which  they  are  acquired.  We 
commend  to  the  attention  of  our  readers  the  following  vo- 
lume : — Religio  Medici :  Its  Sequel.  Christian  Morals.  By 
Sir  Thomas  Browne,  Kt.,  M.D.  With  resemblant  Passages 
from  Cowper's  Task  ;  and  a  Verbal  Index,  post  Svo. 

"  The  public  in  general,  and  all  readers  of  pure  taste  and  virtu- 
ous feelings  in  particular,  are  deeply  indebted  to  the  editor  for 
publishing,  for  the  first  time.  Sir  T.  Browne's  admirable  Religio 
Medici  and  its  sequel.  Christian  Morals,  together  in  one  volume; 
and  also  for  his  careful  correction  of  the  text  in  both.  The  index 
is  rich  in  good  old  English  words;  but  the  great  attraction  is  the 
quot^ition  of  corresponding  pass;iges  from  Cowper's  Task,  which 
shew  how  fully  imbued  the  poet  was  with  the  elder  author.'' — Lon. 
Literary  GazetJe. 

We  conclude  with  some  opinions  upon  the  works  of  this 
ornament  of  knighthood  and  medicine, — than  whom  a 
greater  has  not  adorned  the  learning  of  the  one,  nor  dig- 
nified the  chivalry  of  the  other. 

"  Sir  Thomas  Browne,  by  his  intense  earnestness  and  vivid  so- 
lemnity, seems  ready  to  endow  the  grave  itself  with  life.  He  does 
not  linger  in  the  valley  of  the  shadow  of  death,  but  enters  within 
the  portals  where  the  reg.al  destroyer  keeps  his  awful  state;  and 
yet  there  is  nothing  thin.  ain'.  or  unsubstantial — nothing  ghostly 
or  shocking  in  his  works.  He  unveils,  with  a  reverent  touch,  the 
material  treasures  of  the  sepulchre  :  he  describes  these  with  the 
learning  of  an  antiquary ;  moralizes  on  them  with  the  wisdom  ofa 
philosopher;  broods  ov'er  th.-ui  with  the  tenderness  of  an  enthu- 
siast; aud  associates  with  them  sweet  congenial  images,  with  the 
fancy  of  a  poet.  He  is  the  laureat  of  the  king  of  terrors ;  and  most 
nobly  does  he  celeln-ate  the  earthly  magnificence  of  his  kingdom. 
He  discovers  consolations  not  only  in  the  hopes  of  immortality, 
but  in  the  dustv  .and  sad  ornaments  of  the  tomb.  Never  surely 
by  any  other  writer  was  sentiment  thus  put  into  dry  bones.'' — Lo7l. 
ItHrospective  Iteview.  lS-20.  vol.  i.  S9. 

"I  wonder  and  admire  his  entireness  in  every  subject  that  is 
before  him.  He  follows  it,  he  never  wanders  from  it.  and  he  has 
no  occasion  to  wander;  for  whatever  happens  to  be  the  subject,  he 
metamorphoses  all  nature  into  it.  In  the  treatise  on  some  urns 
dug  up  in  Norfolk,  how  earthy,  how  redolent  of  graves  and  sepul- 
chres is  every  line!  You  h.ave  now  dark  mould,  now  a  thigh-bone, 
now  a  skull,  then  a  bit  of  mouldered  coffin,  a  fragment  of  an  old 
tombstone  with  moss  in  its  '  Ilic  .lacot,"  a  ghost,  or  a  winding-sheet, 
or  the  echo  of  a  funeral  psalm  wafted  on  a  November  wiud;  and 
the  gayest  thing  you  shall  meet  with  shall  be  a  silver  nail  or  a  gilt 
'Anno'  Domini.'  from  a  perished  cofRn-top." — Charles  Lamb. 

''  It  is  not  on  the  praises  of  others,  but  on  his  own  writings,  that 
he  is  to  depend  for  the  esteem  of  posterity ;  of  which  he  will  not 
easily  he  deprived  while  learning  shall  have  any  reverence  among 
men;  for  there  is  no  science  in  which  he  does  not  discover  some 
skill;  and  scarce  any  kind  of  knowledge,  profane  or  sacred,  ab- 
struse or  elegant,  which  he  does  not  appear  to  have  cultivated  with 
success."— PR.  Sami.  Johxson.  ,     „.    „,  „  „. 

"  A  superior  genius  was  exhibited  in  Su-  Thomas  Browne.    His 


BRO 

mind  was  fortile  and  ingenious;  his  annlnffies  oriLilnal  and  ■hril-  | 
liant;  and  his  learuiuj;  so  much  out  of  the  beatou  path,  that  it  , 
gives  a  peculiar  and  uncommon  air  to  all  his  writings." — Hallam. 

"  Such  was  his  sagacity  and  knowledge  of  all  history,  ancient 
and  modern,  and  his  observations  thereupon  so  singular,  that  it  i 
hath  been  said  by  them  that  knew  him  best,  that  if  his  profession,  j 
and  place  of  abode,  would  have  suited  his  ability,  he  would  have  ' 
made  an  extraordinary  man  for  the  privy  council,  not  much  in- 
ferior  to  the  famous  Padre  Paulo,  the  late  oracle  of  the  Venetian 
stat^." — Whitefoot. 

"With  regard  to  the  question,  before  referred  to,  as  to  the 
religious  opinions  of  Sir  Thomas,  it  is  to  ho  observed  that  I 
all  doubt  upon  that  point  should  be  settled  by  the  testi-  I 
niony  of  Whitefont,  his  intimate  friend  for  forty-one  years : 

"He  fully  assented  to  the  Church  of  Kni-'land,  preferiinc;  it  be- 
fore any  in  the  world,  as  did  the  learned  Orotius.  He  attended  ' 
the  publick  service  very  constantly,  when  he  was  not  withheld  by 
his  practice.  Never  missed  the  sacrament  in  his  parish,  if  he  ' 
were  in  town.  ...  I  visited  him  near  his  end,  when  he  had  not 
strength  to  hear  or  speak  much;  the  last  words  which  I  heard 
from  him  were,  besides  some  expressions  of  dearness,  that  he  did 
freely  submit  to  the  will  of  God,  being  without  fear." 

We  doubt  not  that,  in  that  solemn  hour  which  converts 
even  thoughtlessness  into  solemnity,  this  wise  and  learned 
physician,  who  had  been  all  his  lifetime  subject  to  the 
fear,  guided  by  the  counsel,  and  animated  by  the  love,  of 
that  great  Being  who  trieth  the  heart  of  the  children  of 
men,  and  understandeth  all  their  ways-, — we  doulit  not,  in 
that  solemn  hour,  he  could  look  beyond  the  "narrow 
bouse  appointed  for  all  living" — the  furniture  of  which  no 
other  pencil  hath  so  magnificently  described — to  the  *'  suf- 
ficiency of  Christian  immortality,'' — to  the  resurrection  of 
the  just.  Was  the  English  tongue  ever  put  to  a  grander 
use  than  in  that  noble  "  conclusion  of  the  whole  matter," 
with  which  he  sums  up  what  we  may  call  the  requiem  of 
the  King  of  Terrors  himself? — 

"  But  the  sufficiency  of  Christian  immortality  frustrates  all 
earthly  glnry.  and  the  quality  of  either  state  after  death  makes  a 
folly  of  posthumous  memory.  God,  who  can  only  destroy  our 
souls,  and  hath  assured  our  resurrection,  either  of  our  bodies  or 
names  hath  directly  promised  no  duration.  Wherein  there  is  so 
much  of  chance,  that  the  boldest  expectants  have  found  an  un- 
happy frustration ;  and  to  hold  long  subsistence  seems  but  a  scape 
in  oblivion.  But  man  is  a  noble  animal,  splendid  in  ashes,  and 
pompous  in  the  grave,  solemnizing  nativities  and  death  with 
equal  lustre,  nor  omitting  ceremonies  of  bravery  in  the  infemy  of 
his  nature." — Ifi/dn'otuphia,  Book  v. 

It  had  been  melancholy  indeed,  if  that  far-reaching  and 
comprehensive  mind,  which  knew  so  much  of  the  works 
of  God,  had  never  attained  to  the  knowledge  of  their  Crea- 
tor: if  that  brilliant  intellect,  which  had  shed  so  bright 
a  light  for  the  instruction  and  edification  of  others,  had 
itself,  at  last,  gone  "out  in  obscure  darkness!" 

Browne,  W.,  Vicar  of  Wing.     Sermon,  1716,  Svo, 

Browne,  William.  His  Fiftie  Years' Practice:  or 
an  Exact  Discourse  concerning  Snaffle  Riding,  for  Trot- 
ting and  Ambling,  Lon.,  1624,  4to. 

Browne,  William,  b.  1590.  at  Tavistock,  in  Devon- 
shire, became  a  student  of  Exeter  College,  Oxford,  about 
the  beginning  of  the  reign  of  James  I.  Britannia's  Pas- 
toralls,  two  books,  part  1,  1613;  part  2,  1616;  Lon.  fob: 
both  parts,  1625,  Svo.  The  Shepherd's  Pipe,  Lon.,  1614, 
1620,  Svo.  His  Works,  containing  the  above  two,  the 
Inner  Temple  Masque,  and  other  Poems,  edited  by  the 
Rev.  W.  Thompson,  Lon.,  1772,  3  vols.  sm.  Svo. 

Browne's  poetry  was  greatly  admired  in  its  day,  but 
soon  fell  into  neglect.  The  author  of  the  advertisement 
prefixed  to  his  works  laments  that 

"  He  who  was  admired  and  beloved  by  all  the  best  writers  of  his 
time;  who  was  esteemed  and  recommended  highly  by  the  critical 
Johnson  and  the  learned  Selden,  was,  in  a  few  years  aftfcT  his 
death,  almost  fortrotten." 

The  fourth  Eclogue  of  The  Shepherd's  Pipe,  in  which 
he  laments  the  death  of  his  friend  Thomas  Manwood.  has 
been  greatly  commended.  The  writer  just  quoted  remarks, 

"I  dare  not  say,  that  it  is  equal  to  the  celebrated  Lycidas  of 
Milton,  but  surely  it  is  not  much  inferior.  Tliat  genius  has  not 
disdained  to  imitate  William  Browne ;  and  Lycidas  owes  its  origin 
to  Philarete." 

"It  will  appear  even  to  our  most  infallible  critics,  that  thoufrh 
Mr.  Browne  wrote  an  hundred  and  eleven  years  ago,  his  language 
is  as  nervous,  his  numbers  as  harmonious,  his  descriptions  as 
natural,  his  panegyrics  as  soft,  and  his  s;atire  ns  pnint<-d.  as  any 
that  are  to  be  found  in  the  whip-svllabub  pn.'tasti-rs  of  the  iire=ent 
century." — Memoirs  nfthe  Life  of  WHlfaiu  Pattisfm.  puh.  in  ITlJS.^ro. 

"His  imagination  was  fertile,  and  his  mind  vigorous;  but  his 
judgment  was  corrupted  bj'  those  Italian  models  which  the  fashion 
of  his  day  taught  him  to  imitate.  His  descriptions,  though  pic- 
turesque, have  an  air  of  extravagance;  his  conceptions,  though 
strong,  have  marks  of  deformity;  and  his  language  never  flows  in 
a.  strain  of  continued  purity.  He  could  not  plan  with  precision 
and  delicacy,  and  was  unable  to  join  correctness  with  spirit." — ■ 
Lon.  M>Nt/,f}/  Review, 1112. 

Anthiiny  Wood  remarks  that 

"  As  he  had  honoured  his  country  with  his  elegant  and  sweet 
pastorals,  so  was  he  expected,  and  also  entreated,  a  little  iarther 


BRO 

to  grace  It,  by  drawing  out  the  line  of  his  poetic  ancestors,  begin- 
ning in  Joseph  Iscauius.  [Joseph  of  Exeter,  13th  century,]  and 
ending  in  himself." — Alhen.  Ozon. 

Wood  says  that  much  of  a  work  of  this  kind  had  been 
prepared  by  Browne,  and  Oldys  intimates  the  same  thing, 
and  pronounces  him  to  have  been  most  capable  of  so  im- 
portant an  undertaking : 

*■  He  was  reported  a  man  not  only  the  best  versed  in  the  works 
and  beauties  of  the  English  poets,  but  also  in  the  history  of  their 
lives  and  characters.' — Oldys's  MS^'. 

We  take  the  above  notices  from  the  Biog.  Brit.,  to  which 
the  reader  is  referred  for  further  particulars. 

"  It  appears  to  us,  that  sufficient  justice  has  not,  since  the  era 
of  Milton,  been  paid  to  his  talents ;  for,  though  it  be  true,  as  Mr. 
llnulley  has  observed,  that  puerilities,  forced  allusions,  and  con- 
ceits, have  frequently  debased  his  materials,  yet  are  these  amply 
atoned  for  by  some  of  the  highest  excellencies  of  his  art;  by  an 
imagination  ardent  and  fertile,  and  sometimes  sublime;  by  a  vivid 
personitication  of  passion  :  by  a  minute  and  truly  fiiithful  delinea- 
tion of  rural  scenery ;  b_v  a  peculiar  vein  ol  tenderness  which  runs 
through  the  whole  of  his  pastorals,  and  by  a  versification  uncom- 
monly varied  and  melodious.  With  these  are  combined  a  species 
of  romantic  extr-avagance  which  sometimes  heightens,  but  more 
frequently  degrades  the  effect  of  his  pictures.  Had  he  exhibited 
greater  judgment  in  the  selection  of  his  imagery,  and  greater  sim- 
plicity in  his  style,  his  claim  on  posterity  had  been  valid,  had  been 
general  and  undisputed,"— X'roA-c's  Shakspeare  and  his  Times. 

Sir  Egcrton  Brydges  pub.  some  poems  of  Browne,  not 
before  printed.  We  regret  that  we  have  not  space  for  the 
eloquent  eulogy  of  Browne  by  Thomas  Miller,  a  delightful 
writer  of  our  own  day,  still  living.  We  must  extract  a 
line  or  two  : 

"  He  carries  with  him  the  true  aroma  of  old  forests:  his  lines 
are  mottled  with  mosses,  and  there  is  a  gnarled  ruggedness  upon 
the  stems  of  his  trees.  His  waters  have  a  wet  look  and  splashing 
sound  about  them,  and  you  feel  the  fresh  air  play  around  you 
while  you  read.  His  birds  are  the  free  denizens  of  the  fields,  and 
they  Send  their  songs  so  life-like  thjough  the  covert,  that  their 
music  rings  upon  the  ear,  and  you  are  carried  away  with  his 
'  sweet  pipings.'  " 

Browne  commemorates  in  ardent  strains  the  poetical 
powers  of  his  friend  George  Wither: 

''C-iVis  and  Wither,  by  whose  Muse's  power, 
A  n.atural  day  to  me  seems  but  an  hour; 
And  could  I  ever  hear  their  learned  lays, 
Ages  would  turn  to  artificial  days.'* 

Pi-frm  Bntannia's  Pastorals. 

Wither  returns  the  compliment  in  as  complimentary  a 
style ; 

"Roget  here  on  Willy  calls 
To  sing  out  his  Pastoralls: 
Warrants  F.ame  sh.all  grace  his  rhymes. 
Spite  of  Envy  and  the  Times." 

Frrmi  Jhtises  Stript  and  Whipt:  or,  Satyrical  Essays,  Lon.y 
1613.  Svo. 

Again, 

"  I  feel  an  envious  touch. 
And  tell  thee,  swain,  that  at  thy  fame  I  grutch; 
Wishing  the  art  that  makes  this  pot-m  shine. 
And  this  thy  work  (wert  thou  not  wronged)  mine." 

Rare  Ben  Jonson  admired  Browne  greatly : 
'■I  would 
More  of  our  writers  would,  like  thee,  not  swell 
W'ith  the  how  much  they  set  forth,  but  the  how  well." 

A  poet  who  can  elicit  the  warm  encomiums  of  such  men 
as  Seldon,  Jonson,  Drayton,  Wither,  Davies,  and  many 
others,  distinguished  for  learning  or  knowledge  of  the 
poet's  art — and  those  men  his  contemporaries — mu^t  needs 
have  rare  merit.  To  few  authors  has  it  chanced  to  be  so 
enthusiastically  lauded  by  one  age  and  so  thoroughly  neg- 
lected by  the  next.  Of  poems  which  were  devoured  with 
rapture,  and  praised  with  warmth,  a  third  edition  was  not 
demanded  for  a  century  and  a  half. 

Browne,  Sir  WiUiam,  M.D..  1692-1774,  a  native 
of  N(Mfo!k,  wns  entered  of  Peter-house,  Cambridge,  in 
1707,  where  he  took  the  degrees.  B.A.,  1710;  M.A.,  1714; 
51. D.,  1721.  He  was  a  frequent  xmblisher  of  small  pieces, 
principally  classical,  and  always  with  as  thorough  an  in- 
fusion of  Latin  and  Greek  as  they  would  possibly  bear,  for 
Sir  William  was  as  fond  of  the  '*  manner  of  the  ancients" 
as  was  his  professional  brother  in  Peregrine  Piclvle.  We 
notice  a  few  of  his  publications:  Dr.  Gregory's  Elements 
of  Catoptrics  and  Dioptrics,  translated  from  the  Latin 
Original,  <tc.,  Lon.,  1715.  Svo.  The  Pill  Plot,  1734,  4to. 
Opuscula  Varia,  1765,  4to.  A  Vindic.  of  the  College  of 
Physicians,  1753.  Odes  in  imitation  of  Horace,  addressed 
to  Sir  Robert  AYalpole  and  the  Duke  of  Montagu,  1765. 
A  Farewell  Oration  at  the  College  of  Physicians,  1768,  4to  : 
this  contains  many  curious  particulnrs  of  Sir  William's  life. 
Fragmenta  Isaaci  Hawkins  Browne,  Ac,  1768,  4to.  Three 
Odes.  1771,  4to.  A  Proposal  on  our  Coin,  1774,  4to.  A 
New  Year's  Gift,  1772,  4to.  Speech  to  the  Royal  Society, 
1772,  4to.  Elegy  and  Address,  1773,  4to.  A  Latin  Ver- 
sion of  Job,  unfinished,  4to. 

Sir  William  was  a  most  curious  character,  and  the  reader 

265 


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will  find  an  interesting  account  of  him  in  Nichols's  Lite- 
rary Anecdotes,  and  Chalmers's  Biog.  Diet.  Bishop  War- 
burton  gives  an  amusing  account  (in  a  letter  to  Bishop 
Hurd)  of  a  visit  with  which  he  was  honoured  by  Sir 
William : 

''  When  I  came  down  into  the  drawing-room,  I  was  accosted  bj- 
a  little,  munii.  well-fi-d  gentleman,  with  a  lari;e  mutt  in  one  hand, 
a  small  Horace,  open,  in  the  other,  and  a  sp\  inn-trl^ss  dan(j;liug  in 
a  black  ribbon  at  his  button.  .  .  .  We  then  t^ok  our  chairs;  and 
the  first  thing  he  did  or  said,  was  to  propose  a  douht  to  mo  con- 
cerning a  passai^e  in  Horace,  which  all  this  time  he  hart  still  open 
in  his  hand.  Before  I  could  answer,  he  gave  me  the  solution  of 
this  long-misunderstood  passage;  and,  in  support  of  his  explana- 
tion, had  the  charity  to  repeat  his  own  paraphrase  of  it  in  English 
verse,  just  come  hot,  as  he  said,  from  the  brain." 

Foote,  in  his  Devil  upon  Two  Sticks,  gave  an  exact  re- 
presentation of  him,  as  sketched  above,  upon  the  stage. 
Sir  William  sent  him  his  card,  thanking  hira  for  so  happy 
a  likeness,  but  remarked  that  as  Foote  had  forgotten  the 
muff,  he  sent  him  his  own ! 

At  the  age  of  eighty,  he  came  to  Batson's  coffee-house 
in  his  laced  coat  and  band,  and  fringed  white  gloves,  to 
show  himself  to  Mr.  Crosby,  then  Lord  Mayor.  A  gentle- 
man present  observing  that  he  looked  very  well,  he  re- 
plied he  had  "neither  wife  nor  debts." 

Browne,  William  George,  1768-1S13,  an  eminent 
traveller,  a  native  of  London,  educated  at  Oriel  College, 
Oxford,  was  murdered  by  banditti  when  on  his  way  from 
Tabriz  to  Teheran.  Mr.  Brown  was  stimulated  to  the 
love  of  adventure  by  the  perusal  of  Bruce's  Travels.  lie 
passed  many  years  in  investigations  in  Africa,  Egypt, 
Syria,  Greece,  &c.  Travels  in  Africa,  Egypt,  and  Syria, 
in  the  years  17^2-98,  Lon.,  1799,  4to;  2d  and  best  edit., 
enlarged,ISDt;,  4to. 

"  This  work  was  hiichly  esteemed,  and  is  classed  by  Major  Ken- 
nel among  the  best  performances  of  the  kind:  but  from  the  ab- 
ruptness and  dryness  of  the  style,  it  never  became  very  popu- 
lar."— Etict/c.  Brit. 

"  From  Kahira  Mr.  Brown  penetrated  into  Upper  Egypt.  In  ac- 
companying this  traveller  throu;h  that  country,  the  reader  will 
find  much  more  of  ancient  curiosities  on  the  one  hand,  and  a  much 
abler  description  of  the  people  on  the  other,  than  in  Sonnini." — 
Anti-Jacobin  Revinw. 

"A  most  valuable  work,  and  except  in  some  few  peculiarities 
of  the  author,  a  model  for  travellers;  it  is  particularly  instructive 
in  what  relates  to  Darfour." — Stevenson. 

"  In  courage,  prudence,  love  of  science,  and  intimate  acquaint- 
ance with  the  Eastern  languages  and  manners,  he  has  never  been 
exceeded." — Pinkertox. 

Brownell,  Henry  Howard.     Poems,  N.  Y.,  16mo. 

'*  There  is  much  genuine  poetry  in  this  volume.  The  sentiment 
is  elevated,  the  imagery  at  times  highly  impressive,  and  some  of 
the  poems  are  calculated  deeply  t^  atfect  our  finer  sensiliilities." 

Brownell,  Thomas  Church,  D.I).,  LL.D.,  Bishop 
of  the  Protestant  Episcopal  Church  in  the  State  of  Con- 
necticut, b.  1779,  at  Westfield,  Massachusetts,  has  pub.  a 
number  of  valuable  theological  works.  Commentary  on 
the  Book  of  Common  Prayer,  r.  8vo.  Consolation  for  the 
Afflicted,  18mo.  Christian's  Walk  and  Consolation,  ISmo. 
Exhortation  to  Repentance,  ISmo.  Family  Prayer  Book. 
Religion  of  the  Heart  and  Life.  5  vols.  Religious  In- 
quirer Answered,  ISmo.    Youthful  Christian's  Guide,  ISmo 

Browning,  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Barrett,  b.  iu  Lon- 
don of  a  family  in  affluent  circumstances,  and  educated 
with  great  care.  She  gave  very  early  proofs  of  genius. 
At  the  age  of  ten  she  attempted  writing  both  iu  prose  and 
verse,  and  at  fifteen  her  powers  as  a  writer  were  known  to 
her  friends.  Her  "  Essay  on  Mind,  with  other  Poems," 
was  published  by  her  at  the  age  of  seventeen.  The  Sera- 
phim, aud  other  Poems,  Lon.,  1833,  The  Romaunt  of  the 
Page,  1839,  The  Drama  of  E.\ile,  Isubel's  Child,  Casa 
Guidi  Windows,  ISol,  Miscellaneous  Poems,  &c.  deservedly 
occupy  a  high  place  in  English  poetical  literature.  In 
addition  to  her  original  works,  she  has  distinguished  her- 
self by  a  translation  into  English  of  the  Prometheus  Bound 
of  iEschylus,  which  has  been  styled 

*'  A  remarkable  performance  for  a  young  lady,  but  not  a  good 
translation  iu  and  by  itself.  It  is  too  frequently  uncouth,  with- 
out being  faithful,  and,  under  a  pile  of  sounding  words,  lets  the 
fire  go  out.  .  .  .  Miss  Barrett  has  not  attempted  to  reproduce  the 
grand  effect  of  anaprestic  systems  of  the  (ireek.  for  which,  never- 
theless, there  are  great  facilities  in  English,  and,  instead  of  the 
fullest  and  completest  close  in  the  whole  range  of  the  Greek  drama, 
the  English  Prometheus  comes  to  au  end  before  you  expect  it." — 
Lon.  Quar.  Rev. 

This  version  of  the  Prometheus  Bound  was  pronounced 
**an  early  failure"  by  the  mature  juilgment  of  the  writer, 
who  made  a  new  translation,  which  now  ajipcars  iu  the 
collected  edition  of  her  works.  Mrs.  Browning,  who  is  as 
distinguished  for  learning  as  for  genius,  contributed  a 
series  ()f  critical  papers  on  the  Greek  Christian  Poets  to 
the  Loudon  Atheuaium. 

Miss  Barrett  was  married  in  1846  to  Mr.  Robert  Brown- 


ing, the  author  of  Pnrr.celsus,  &c.  The  reviewer  whom 
wu  hi've  just  quoted  gives  our  authoress  credit  for  *'  extra- 
ordinary acquaintance  with  ancient  classical  literature/' 
and  few  writers  of  the  day  have  more  enthusiastic  ad- 
mirers, whilst  certain  grave  faults  are  fully  acknow- 
ledged: 

'■  It  is  with  real  pain  that  we  say,  surely  never  was  gold  so  dis- 
gui.sed  and  overlaid  with  tinsel  as  hers, — never  was  real  merit 
made  to  look  so  like  what  Carlyle  would  call  a  '  sham.'  She  pos- 
sesses genius,  a  cultivated  mind,  a  truth-loving  heart,  quick  powers 
of  observation,  and  luxuriancy  of  lancy  and  expression;  but  that 
luxuriance  too  often  verges — to  say  the  least — on  extravagance. 
Her  thoughts,  fine  in  themselves,  are  not  clearly  conceived,  and 
are  expressed  in  a  wilderness  of  words  in  which  it  is  sometimes  dif- 
ficult to  pick  up  one  distinct,  intelligible  idea.  Her  genius  is  er^ 
ratic,  and  runs  away  with  her:  in  short,  what  avails  truth  to  na- 
ture, and  poetic  power,  when  the  writer  thinks  proper  to  be  unin- 
telligible? .  .  .  Thereislittle  in  thepraisewhichhas  been  bestowed 
on  Miss  Barrett's  poems  in  which  we  cannot  heartily  join,  and  we 
might  have  contented  ourselves  with  citing  agreeable  passages 
and  iterating  that  praise:  but  we  have  pursued  a  course  more 
likely,  we  hope,  to  be  profitable  to  this  highly-gifted  lady,  and  to 
the  minds  of  the  living  and  unborn  on  whom  she  has  the  power 
to  confer  benefit — and  benefit  of  the  highest  order." — £rittsh  Quai-- 
terly  Review,  vol.ii.  p.  337. 

We  refer  the  reader  to  a  review  of  the  poems  of  our 
authoress  in  Blackwood's  Magazine,  vol.  Ivi.  p.  621. 

•■  It  is  plain  that  Miss  Barrett  would  always  write  well  if  she 
wrote  simply  from  her  own  heart,  and  without  thinking  of  the 
composition  of  any  other  author — at  least  let  her  think  of  them 
only  in  so  far  as  she  is  sui'e  that  they  embody  great  thoughts  iu 
pure  and  appropriate  language,  and  in  forms  of  construction  which 
will  endure  the  most  rigid  scrutiny  of  common  sense  and  unper- 
verted  taste." 

The  faults  with  which  this  gifted  author  is  justly  charge- 
able— obscurity,  strained  and  affected  construction,  and  in- 
congruous admixtures  of  the  language  of  iEschylus  with 
the  language  of  Shakspeare — we  hope  to  see  reformed  alto- 
gether in  her  future  labours.  One  of  her  reviewers  re- 
marks, 

''  Mr.  Leigh  Hunt,  in  one  of  his  clever  poems,  calls  her  '  the 
sister  of  Teunyson.'  "We  object  to  this,  and  claim  her  as  Sliaks- 
pere's  daughter!  Great  as  Robert  Browning  is  in  the  world  of 
poetry,  his  wife  is  literally  '  the  better  half.' " 

Mr.  Moirj  one  of  the  fairest  of  contemporary  critics,  re- 
marks, 

'■Gifted  with  a  fine  and  peculiar  genius,  what  Mrs.  Browning 
might  have  achieved,  or  may  yet  achieve,  by  concentration  of 
thought  and  rejection  of  unworthy  materials,  it  is  impossible  to 
sav;  but  most  assuredly  she  has  hitherto  marred  the  effect  of  much 
she  has  written  bv  a  careless  self-satisfaction.  Instead  of  being  a. 
comet  that  '  from'  its  horrid  hair  shakes  pestilence  and  war.'  she 
might  have  been,  and  I  trust  is  destined  yet  to  be,  a  constellation 
to  twinkle  for  ever  in  silver  beauty  amid  the  blue  serene." — 
SkeJ/:hes  of  the  Bjet.  Lit.  of  the  Past  Half-Cmiury. 

'•Mrs.  "Browning's  Poems  are  of  the  class  the  full  beauty  and 
value  of  which  can  but  scantily  be  indicated  by  extracts.  Yet  it 
would  not  be  difficult  to  select  passages  instinct  with  a  life  and 
beauty  of  their  own." — London  Examui^r. 

Our  learned  friend.  Rev.  Dr.  Geo.  W.  Bethune,  a  critic 
of  exquisite  taste,  remarks  that 

'■  Mrs.  Browning  is  singularly  bold  and  adventurous.  Her  wing 
carries  her.  without  faltering  at  their  obscurity.  int«  the  cloud  and 
the  mist,  where  not  seldom  we  fail  to  follow  her,  but  are  tempted, 
while  we  admire  the  honesty  of  her  enthusiasm,  to  believe  that 
she  utters  what  she  herselfhas  but  dimly  perceived.  Much  of 
this,  however,  arises  from  her  disdain  of  carefulness." 

AVe  shall  conclude  our  sketch  with  a  few  lines  from  two 
of  our  writer's  own  sex : 

"  Such  is  the  iutluence  of  her  manners,  her  conversation,  her 
temper,  her  thousand  sweet  and  attaching  qualities,  that  they 
who  know  her  best  are  apt  to  lose  sight  altogether  of  her  learning 
and  of  her  -lenius,  and  to  tbink  of  her  only  as  the  most  charming 
person  that  they  have  ever  met."— Maty  Rtasdl  JUit/ord's  Recol- 
lections nf  a  Litt'-rari/  Life. 

"In  delicacy  of  perception  Miss  Barrett  may  vie  with  any  of  ber 
sex.  t^he  has  what  is  called  a  true  woman's  heart,  although  we 
must  believe  tbat  men  of  a  fine  conscience  and  good  organ i/,at ion 
will  have  such  a  heart  no  less.  Signal  instances  occur  to  us  in 
the  cases  of  Spenser,  Wordsworth,  and  Tennyson.  The  woman 
who  reads  them  will  not  find  hardness  or  blindness  as  to  the  sul>- 
tier  workings  of  thoughts  and  affections. 

"If  men  are  often  deficient  on  this  score,  women  on  the  other 
hand  are  apt  to  pay  excessive  attention  to  the  slight  tokens,  the 
little  things  of  life.  Thus,  in  conduct  ur  writing,  they  tend  to 
weary  us  with  a  morbid  sentimeiiliilism.  From  this  fault  Miss 
Barrett  is  wholly  free."'— Maiigaret  Fuller. 

The  4lh  Kug.  ed.  of  Mrs.  Browning's  Poems  was  pub. 
Lon.,  1S66,  3  vols.  12mo;  and  in  the  same  year  she  gave 
to  the  world  Aurora  Leigh.  Reviews  of  this  poem  will  bo 
found  iu  the  North  British  Review,  February,  1867,  (being 
a  general  uotice  uf  Mrs.  Browning's  literary  characteristics,) 
and  in  the  London  Athenaeum.  Nov.  22,  1856.  No.  1425  j 
N.  Amer.  Rev..  Ac.  Amer.  ed.  of  her  poems,  N.Y.,  3  vols. 
12mo.     Aurora  Leigh,  12mo. 

An  excellent  edition  of  Mrs.  Browning's  Poems  hafl 
been  published  by  Francis  &  Co.,  N.Y. 

Browning)  Geo.  Condition  of  Great  Britain,  Lon., 
1834,  8vo. 


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BRO 


Browning,  J.  Lorenzo.  Pignotti's  History  of  Tus- 
cany, interspersed  with  Essays  trans,  from  the  Italian, 
with  Life  of  the  author,  by  J.  L.  B.,  4  vols.  8vo,  Lon.,  1S23. 

'•Amongst  the  modern  writers  of  Italy,  whose  works,  both  in 
poetry  and  prose,  stand  hi.i^h  in  the  public  estimation,  is  the  late 
Lorenzo  Piijnotti,  one  of  the  authors  enumerated  by  Pozzetti  as 
entitled  to  lixttjig  fuTiif.'''' — RoscoE. 

BroAVuiug;,  John.     Sermons,  Lon.,  1636,  4to. 

Browning,  John.  Con.  to  Phii.  Trans.,  1746,  *51. 
Elei  tricity,  Population,  &c. 

Browning,  Robert,  b.  1813,  at  Camberwell,  Eng- 
land, and  educated  at  the  London  University,  is  one  of  the 
most  eminent  poets  of  the  day.  In  18.36  he  pub.  Paracel- 
sus, which  was  highly  commended  by  a  number  of  critics, 
but  not  extensively  read.  In  1837  his  Tragedy  of  Straf- 
ford was  produced,  Mr.  Macready  personatin.s;  the  hero. 

"■  It  is  the  worlc  of  a  young  i>oet,"  remarks  a  critic,  "  but  is  well 
conceived  and  arranged  for  effect,  while  its  relation  to  a  deeply-in- 
terestint;  and  stirring  period  of  British  history  gives  it  a  peculiar 
attraction  to  an  English  audience." 

Mr.  Browning's  other  works  are  Sordella;  Pippa  Passes; 
The  Blot  in  the  Scutcheon,  (played  at  Drury  Lane  in  1843,") 
King  Viator  and  King  Charles;  Dramatic  Lyrics;  Return 
of  the  Druses  ;  Columbe's  Birthday  :  Dramatic  Romances; 
Luria;  Bells  and  Pomegranates,  (of  which  Pippa  Passes  is 
the  first:)  Christmas  Eve;  Easter-Day;  Men  and  Women, 
1855.  His  collected  works  have  been  pub.  in  2  vuls.  I2mo, 
Lon.,  {last  ed.,  1849,)  and  also  by  Ticknor  &  Fields,  of 
Boston,  2  vols.  18mo,  (last  ed.,  1856.)  Mr.  Browning  was 
married  in  November,  1846,  to  Elizabeth  Barrett,  one  of 
the  most  learned  poetesses  of  the  age.  Since  their  mar- 
riage they  have  resided  in  Florence. 

'■  Next  to  Tennyson,  we  hardly  know  of  another  Eni;lish  poet 
who  can  be  compared  with  Browning.  The  grandest  pieces  in  the 
volumes  [of  his  Collected  Works]  are  Pippa  Passes,  and  A  Blot  in 
the  Scutcheon.  The  latter,  in  the  opinion  of  Charles  Pickens,  is 
the  finest  Poem  of  the  century.  Once  read,  it  must  haunt  the 
imagination  forever:  for  its  power  strikes  deep  into  the  very  sub- 
stance and  core  of  the  soul." — E.  P.  WniPPLE. 

"  Many  Plnglish  dramas  have  been  written  within  a  few  years, 
the  authors  of  which  have  established  their  claim  to  the  title  of 
poet.  Vt'e  cannot  but  allow  that  we  find  in  them  fine  thoughts 
finely  expressed,  passages  of  dignified  and  sustained  eloquence, 
and  as  adequate  a  conception  of  character  as  the  reading  of  history 
and  the  study  of  models  will  furnish.  But  it  is  only  in  Mr.  Brown- 
ing that  we  find  enough  of  freshness,  vigour,  grasp,  and  of  that 
clear  insight  and  conception  which  enable  the  artist  to  construct 
characters  from  within,  and  so  to  make  them  real  things,  and  not 
images,  as  to  warrant  our  gi-anting  the  honour  due  to  the  dra- 
matist."—  James  Kussell  Lowell:  N.  Ainer.  Jteview,  Ixvi.  357; 
read  the  whole  of  this  well-written  artii-le. 

"■  He  is  equally  a  master  of  thought  and  emotion,  and  joins  to  a 
rare  power  of  imaginative  creation  that  which  is  still  more  rarely 
found  in  union  with  it — the  subtlest  power  of  mental  reasoning 
and  analysis.  Over  the  instrument  of  languaire  he  exerts  the 
most  facile  mastery,  and  few  poets  have  moved  with  such  free  and 
flowing  step  through  the  most  complicated  word  mazes  of  music 
and  measure." — Londrm  Exainivpr. 

"We  should  say  that  Robert  Browning  deserves  his  position 
from  his  originality;  but  although  his  name  has  a  certain  celebrity, 
he  has  not  yet  won  for  himself  a  niche  in  the  temple  of  bis  nation's 
literature.  He  is  rather  a  thinker  than  a  singer;  and  yet  cannot 
be  accepted  as  a  remarkable  thinker.  The  grand  conception  of  his 
larger  works  is  weak  and  wavering,  but  the  details  exhibit  no 
common  powers.  Whatever  merits  he  may  possess,  ai'e,  however, 
damaged  by  the  eccentricity  and  want  of  beauty  of  his  style.  It 
is  abrupt,  harsh,  full  of  tamiliar  turns,  and  yet  not  familiar  in  its 
general  structui-e:  spasmodic  in  its  vehemence,  and  obscure  from 
mere  negligence." — Brit.  Quarterly  Femew.  vi.  1S47. 

Browning,  Thomas.     Prison  Thoughts,  1683.  4to. 

BroAvning,  W.  S.  Provost  of  Paris;  a  Tale,  Lon., 
3  vols.  8vo.  History  of  the  Huguenots,  16th  Century, 
3  vols.  Svo;  ditto  from  1598  to  1838,  1  vol.  8vo, 

"  One  of  the  most  interesting  and  valuable  contributions  to  mo- 
dern history." — Lon.  (knt.  Mag. 

Brownlee,  William  Craig,  D.D.,  b.  1784,  at  Tor- 
foot,  the  family  estate,  near  Strathaven,  Scotland.  His 
paternal  ancestors  bad  been  the  "Lairds  of  Torfoot"  for 
many  generations.  Pastor  of  a  Dutch  Reformed  Church 
in  N.  York  for  many  years,  and  has  pub.  many  valuable 
theolog.  works.  The  Christian  Father  at  Home.  Christian 
Youth's  Book,  and  Manual  for  Communicants,  luquiry 
into  the  Religious  Principles  of  the  Society  of  Quakers. 
Lights  and  Shadows  of  Christian  Life.  On  Popery.  On 
Roman  Catholic  Controversy.  The  Converted  Murderer. 
Whigs  of  Scotland  ;  a  Romance.  Deity  of  Christ.  His- 
tory of  Western  Apostolic  Churches.     Other  works. 

Brownlow,  Bp.  of  Winchester.     Sermons.  1799.  4t.o. 

Brownlow,  Richard  (and  John  Goldesho- 
rough's)  Reports  in  C.  Pleas  temp.  Elizabeth  and  James  I., 
Lon.,  1651,  '54,  '75,  4to.  Latine  Redivivus,  1693,  fol. 
Surreptitious  and  imperfect  copies  were  in  circulation 

"Before  the  complete  copy  of  l(J9:i.  They  were  trans,  into  Eng- 
lish, and  pub,  in  1653 ;  again  with  additions  in  11.^.54.  In  Hi[t3  the 
book  was  repub.  in  the  original  Latin,  with  additions,  because, 
the  editor  says,  in  1653  and  in  1654,  these  Kntries  were  unskilftdly 


turned  into  English.  One  of  the  translators,  in  speaking  of  the 
work.  says.  *  1  may  dare  to  promise,  without  the  imposition  of  te- 
merity, that  allowing  for  human  incidency,  it  may  as  justly  claim 
the  title  of  perfect  as  any  thing  of  this  nature  hitherto  published.' " 
■ — Marvin's  Legid  Bihl. 

Brownlow  compiled  several  other  legal  treatises. 

Brownrig,  or  Brounrig,  Ralph,  D.D.,  1592- 
1659,  a  native  of  Ipswich,  entered  Pembroke  College, 
Cambridge,  at  14;  Archdeacon  of  Coventry,  1631;  was 
made  Master  of  Catherine  Hall,  Cambridge,  and  Vice- 
chancellor  of  the  University;  Bishop  of  Exeter,  1642. 
He  was  deprived  by  the  Parliament  of  the  revenues  of  bis 
bishopric,  and  of  his  mastership  of  Catherine  Hall.  The 
Parliament  did  not  relish  his  plain  discourses.  Forty 
Sermons,  1652,  fol. ;  reprinted  with  25  others,  making  a 
second  volume,  Lon.,  1665,  2  vols.  fol.  He  had  the  cou- 
rage to  "  advise  Oliver  Cromwell  to  restore  King  Charles  II. 
to  bis  just  rights."  But  the  *' Protector"  had  no  idea  of 
so  easily  depriving  himself  of  the  "price  of  blood." 

"  He  was  a  great  mau  for  the  Anti-Arminian  cause,  (for he  was  a 
rigid  Calvinist,)  yet  a  mighty  champion  for  the  liturgy  and  ordina- 
tion of  bishops :  and  his  death  was  highly  lamented  by  men  of  all 
parties." — Ecu.uiD. 

"  Dr.  Gauden.  who  had  known  him  above  thirty  years,  declares 
that  he  never  heard  of  any  thing  said  or  done  by  him  which  a 
wise  and  good  man  would  have  wished  unsaid  or  undone.  .  .  . 
He  was  one  of  tho.se  excellent  men  with  whom  Archbishop  Tillot- 
son  cultivated  an  acquaintance  at  his  coming  to  Loudon,  and  by 
whose  preaching  and  example  he  formed  himself." 

"  His  style  is  tolerably  good,  and  his  sentences  generally  short. 
But  he  is  too  full  of  divisions  and  subdivisions,  and  of  scraps  of 
Latin  and  Greek:  which  was  the  great  lault  of  the  age  he  lived 
in." — Biog.  Brit. 

Dr.  Gauden's  eulogy  is  such  a  curious  mixture  of  friend- 
ship and  pedantry,  that  we  must  needs  give  it  to  the  reader: 

'■  He  was  a  person  of  those  ample  and  cubical  dimensions,  for 
IieigJith  of  learning  and  understanding,  for  ilepf/i  of  humility  and 
devotion,  for  length  of  all  molality  and  virtue,  and  fur  hrraf'ith  of 
all  humanity  and  charity,  that  it  is  hard  to  contract  ar  epifoviize 
him.  He  had  the  learning  of  Nazianzen,  Basil,  or  Jekom  ;  the 
courage  and  constancy  of  Athanasius  and  St.  Ambrose;  the  elo- 
quence of  St.  CrmvsosTOM  and  Cdrysologus;  the  mildness  and 
gentleness  of  St.  Ctprian  or  St.  Austin  ;  the  charity  and  benigni- 
ty of  Paulinus  and  AIartinus." — Memorials  of  Bishnp  Browrrng. 

*'  He  had  wit  at  will ;  but  so  that  he  made  it  his  page,  not  privy 
councillor;  to  obey,  not  direct  his  judgment.  He  carried  learn- 
ing enough  in  num-ratn  about  him  in  his  pockets  for  any  dis- 
course, and  had  much  more  at  home  in  his  chests  for  any  serious 
dispute.  It  is  hard  to  say  whether  his  loyal  memory,  quick  fancy, 
solid  judgment,  or  fluent  utterance  were  most  to  be  admired,  hav- 
ing not  only  fiurnm  but  fulmen  doqmnticB,  being  one  who  did 
teach  with  authoritv." — FnUer^s  WmiJiics. 

Brownris:g,  William,  M.D.,  1711-1800,  a  native  of 
Cumberland,  studied  medicine  at  London,  and  afterwards 
at  Leyden,  where  he  took  the  degree  of  M.D.  in  1737. 
Art  of  Making  Common  Salt,  Lon.,  1748,  Svo.  Considera- 
tions on  Pestilential  Contagion,  I77I,  4to.  Con.  to  Phil. 
Trans.,  175.3,  &c.  When  the  President  of  the  Boyal  So- 
ciety, Sir  John  Pringle,  was  called  on  to  bestow  upon  Dr. 
Priestley  the  gold  medal  for  bis  paper  of  Discoveries  on 
the  Nature  and  Properties  of  Air,  he  remarked, 

"  It  is  no  disparagement  to  the  learned  Di-.  Priestley,  that  the 
vein  of  these  discoveries  was  hit  upon,  some  years  ago,  by  my 
very  learnei,  very  penetrating,  very  industrious,  but  too  modest, 
friend,  Dr.  Brownrigg." 

Dr.  Brownrigg  was  undoubtedly  the  "legitimate  father*' 
of  this  class  of  discoveries. 

Brownsmith,  John,  The  Rescue,  or  Thespian 
Scourge,  1767.  Svo.  Dramatic  Timepiece,  being  a  ealcu- 
liition  of  the  Length  of  Time  every  Act  takes  in  the  Per- 
forming, in  all  the  acting  Plays  at  the  Theatre  Royal  of 
Drury  Lane,  &c.  &c.,  1767.  Svo.  It  is  said  that  books 
have  been  written  about  almost  every  thing,  and  it  ap- 
pears that  Mr.  Brownsmith  determined  to  find  a  subject 
for  his  industry.  If  he  could  have  accurately  informed 
the  public  of  all  the  evil  effects  in  various  ways  produced 
every  night  by  the  theatre,  and  its  many  injurious  in- 
fluences, he  would  have  been  a  benefactor  to  society 
indeed  ! 

Brownson,  Orestes  A.,  b.  about  1S02,  is  a  native 
of  Windsor  county,  Vermont.  He  has  been,  in  succession, 
a  Presbyterian  minister,  a  Universalist,  a  Dei.«t,  again  a 
Christian  minister, — and  is  now  a  Roman  Catholic  layman. 

Some  attention  was  excited  to  Mr.  Brownson's  pecu- 
liarities by  a  series  of  articles  in  the  Christian  Examiner. 
In  1836  he  gave  to  the  world  a  volume  entitled.  New  Views 
of  Christianity,  Society,  and  the  Church.  Two  years  later 
he  commenced  the  pulilication  of  the  Boston  Quarterly 
Review,  in  which  periodical  the  principal  part  of  his  writ- 
ings have  appeared.  In  1843  it  was  merged  in  the  De- 
mocratic Review,  pub.  in  New  York,  to  which  Mr.  B.  en- 
gaged to  contribute.  His  papers  were  not  received  with 
much  warmth,  and  in  1844  he  revived  his  periodical  under 
the  title  of  Brownson's  Quarterly  Review,  which  is  still 

267 


BRO 


continued,  largely  supplied  with  Mr.  Brownson's  lucubra-  | 
tions.  In  1840  he  puh.  an  account  of  his  religious  ex-  ; 
perienee,  under  the  title  of  Charles  Elwood,  or  the  Infidel 
Converted.  Mr.  Brownson  is  a  great  admirer  of  the  phi- 
losophy of  M.  Comte,  as  developed  in  the  Cours  do  Philo- 
sophie  Positive.  A  well-written  notice  of  Mr.  Brownson's 
literary  character  will  be  found  in  Griswold's  Prose  Wri- 
ters of  America. 

"  We  have  no  douljt  that  Charles  Elwood  will  aid  many  a  douMer 
to  a  cheerful  faith,  and  confirm  many  a  feclilu  mind  in  the  faith  it 
has  already  professed."— C/iri'sdan  Kiaminrr.  ,i  ■ 

"  The  style  of  Mr.  Brownsoo  has  some   good  qualities.     It  is 
commonplace,  without  purity,  and  destitute  of  any  ch.iracteristic  | 
hrilliance  or  elegance:  but  it  is  natural,  direct,  and  plain.     It  is 
that  simple  and  unaffected  manner  which  has  the  appearance  ot_  , 
being  formed,  not  upon  any  plan,  but  merely  by  practice  and  use. 
—11.  W.  Griswold.  1 

"The  nictai.liysical  talents  of  Mr.  0.  A.  Brownson   are   well 
known  tliiouKhout  tlie  United  States.     He  is  an  able  critic  on 
mental  philos.a.hy ;  and  the  several  articles  which  have  appeared 
from  his  pen  in  tlie  Quarterly  Review  are  of  a  first-rate  character. 
—BlaUyS  Hist,  of  the  FMlosophy  of  ihnd.      ^  t-t  -cr    i ort 

The  Convert;  or.  Leaves  from  my  Experience,  N.Y.,  1857, 
12mo.    This  work  has  been  both  highly  praised  and  censured. 
"Brownswcrd,  John,  d.  1689.     Progymnasmata  ali- 
quot Poeraata,  Lon.,  1590.     Other  pieces. 

'•He  was  deservedly  numbered  among  the  best  L.atm  poets  that 
lived  in  the  reign  of  qu.  Eliz.abeth."— ^Cieii.  Oj-o«. 

Urowiiswood,  John.     Sermon  on  Methodists,  1739. 
UiowiiswooU,  William.     Sermon,  1704,  4to. 
Broxoline,  Charles.     Perkins  Improved,  1657;  a 
theolog.  treatise. 

Bruce,  Alexander.     Principia  Jurisfeudalis,  tdin., 
171.3   Svo.     Other  legal  treatises,  pub.  1714-72. 
Bruce,  Alexander.     Cause  of  the  Pestilence,  Edin., 

1759 

Bruce,  Archibald,  M.D.,  1777-1S18,  a  native   of 
New  York,  son  of  William  Bruce,  M.D.,  head  of  the  Medi- 
cal Department  in  the  British  Army  at  New  York,  com- 
menced in   1810   the  pub.  of  The  Journal  of   American 
Mineralogy,  the  earliest  purely  scientific  Journal  of  Ame- 
rica.    Dr"'Bruce  pub.  but  one  volume.     It  was  succeeded 
by  Silliman's  Journal,   the   able  editor  of  which  is  still 
(i854)  devoted  to  scientific  investigation,  and  the  Journal 
is  continued. 

Bruce,   Arthur.     Con.  to  Trans.   Linn.   Soc,  1(97. 
Natural  Hist,  of  the  Common  Mole.     General  View  of  the 
Agriculture  of  the  County  of  Berwick,  Ac,  1794,  4to. 

''This  work  is  printed  as  an  appendix  to  the  ftrraer  work  by 
Lowe.  .  .  .  The  two  reports  together  form  a  work  that  was  not 

equalled  in  the  whole  number  of  county  surveys."— flonuidson's 
AgriciiU.  Biofi.  ^ 

Bruce,  Basil.     Exhortation  against  Oaths,  1(98. 
Bruce,  E.  and  J.     Geography  and  Astronomy,  &0., 
1805.  121110 :  4th  edit.,  1813. 

Bruce,  Edward,  edited  a  beautiful  edition  of  such 
Latin  autliors  as  have  written  upon  the  Chase,  entitled 
Poeta;  Latini  Rei  Venaticas  Scriptores  etBucolici  Antiqui, 
Ac.  Leyden.  1728,  4to.    This  edition  has  been  erroneously 
ascribed  to  Kempfer. — Diot/.  Univ. 

Bruce,  James,  1730-1794,  an  eminent  traveller,  de- 
scended oil  the  female  side  from  the  royal  house  of  Bruce, 
was  a  native  of    Kinuaird,  county  of  Stirling,  Scotland. 
An   interesting  account  of  his  travels  in   France,  Spain. 
Italy,  Germany,  Africa,  ic,  will  be  found  in  Rose's  Biog. 
Diet. 

Travels  to  discover  the  Source  of  the  Nile,  in  the  years 
1768,  'fiil,  '70,  '71,  '72,  and  '73,  Edin.,  1790,  5  vols.  4to ;  2d 
edit.,  corrected  and  enlarged,  with  a  Life  of  the  Author, 
by  Dr.  Alexander  Murray,  Edin.,  1805,  7  vols.  8vo  ;  and 
3d  edit.,  1813,  7  vols.  Svo,  and  Atlas,  4to.     The  4to  Atlas 
contains  the  plates,  being  select  specimens  in  Natural  His- 
tory, C(dloctcd  ill  Travels  to  discover  the  Source  of  the  Nile, 
in   Enypt,   Abyssinia,  and  Nubia,  being  an  Appendix  to 
his  Travels.     Dr.  Ale.xander  Murray,  the  editor  of  the  2d 
edit.,  pub.  Edin..  1808,  4to,  An  Account  of  the  Life  and 
Writings  of  James  Bruce,   Esq.,   &e.      See  also  Richard 
Wh.arton's  Observations  on   the  Authenticity  of  Bruce's 
Travels,  Newc.-upou-Tyne,  1800,  4to ;  and  A  Compliment- 
ary Letter  to  James  Bruce,  Esq.,  by  Peter  Pindar,   [Dr. 
John  Wolcott,]  Lon.,  1790,  4to. 

We  .also  coninicnd  to  the  reader's  notice,  as  an  interest- 
ing sequel  to  Bruce's  Travels,  Nathaniel  Pearce's  Nino 
Years'  Residence  in  Abyssinia,  2  vols.  p.  Svo.     Mr.  Bruce 
was  an  excellent  linguist,  and  well  versed  in  several  de- 
partments of  learning.  ..... 

"  Drucf's  Travels  is  one  of  those  few  publications  which  at  its 
first  apiH^.irance  engaged   our  incessant   perus:tl.   and   we   then 
thought  it  a  very  useful,  entertaining,  and  interesting  work.     'ri,«. 
preseiit  edition  is  greatly  superior  to  the  former."     ^'"'^ 
notice  of  'Id  edit, 
20S 


BRU 

"It  would  be  poor  and  inadequate  praise  to  say  that  it  has 
seldom  or  never  fallen  to  our  lot  to  notice  a  book  so  ably  edited 
We  Ddieve  no  editor  ever  before  so  laboriously  quallhed  himself 
for  his  undertaking."     Annual  Jlev.  ,,     ■   ,      •  ^   ft,. 

"  Who  has  not  heard  of  Bruce— the  romantic,  the  intrepid,  the 
undefati^able  Bruce ?— His  •  tale'  was  once  suspected;  but  suspi- 
cion has  sunk  into  acquiescence  of  its  truth.  A  more  enterpnsing, 
li..ht  but  lion-hearted  traveller  never  left  his  native  hills  for  the 
a°complishment  of  such  purposes  as  those  which  Bruce  accom- 
plished."—Dibdin. 

Bruce,  James.     Sermon,  1S0.3,  Svo. 

Bruce,  James.     Classic  and  Historic  Portraits,  Lon., 

"  We  find  in  these  piquant  volumes  the  liberal  outpourings  of 
.1  ripe  scholarship,  the  results  nf  wide  and  various  rciding.  given 
in  a  style  and  mannerat  once  pleasant,  gossippy,  and  pictures(iue. 

"  A  series  of  biogr.aphic.al  sketches  remarkable  for  their  truth 
and  fidelity."- ion.  i*™ry  Gii.-c/(e, 

Bruce,  John.     Emperor  and  the  Muscovites,  Ui6. 

Bruce,  John,  Keeper  of  the  State  Papers,  and  Histo- 
riographer to  the  Hon.  East  India  Company.  Annals  of 
the  E.  India  Company,  1600-1708,  Lon.,  1810,  3  vols.  4to 
Report  on  the  Events  and  Circumstances  connected  with 
the  Union  of  England  and  Scotland,  1799,  Svo.  Other 
work.s,  1780-1S13.  ,ooo  ,« 

Bruce,  John.     Educational  Works,  Lon.,  lS08-tt). 

Bruce,  John.  Sympathy,  or  the  Mourner  Advised 
and  Comforted,  Lon.,  1829,  12mo. 

"  Valuable  as  are  the  treatises  of  Flavel,  and  Grosvenor,  and 
Cecil  this  volume  is  more  judicious  than  the  first,  more  clearly 
evangelical  than  the  second,  more  tender  than  the  last,  and  more 
copious  and  complete  than  any  or  all  of  them."— £c!ec(ie  Review. 

History  of  the  Jews  in  all  Ages,  12mo. 

"  To  Prof.  Jlihnan's  History  of  the  Jews  this  work  is  a  complete 
!Lnt\dl•te.••—W<■.sl^•!lnn^r^thmlisl^fr'g.  ,.  ,     tt.  . 

Bruce,  John  C.  Hand  Book  of  English  History, 
Lon.,  184S,  12mo.  The  Roman  Wall,  Svo;  2d  edit.,  en- 
larged, 1853  ;  a  few  copies  on  1.  p.,  4to. 

"The  Roman  Wall  is  a  verv  elaborate  and  painstaking  work  on 
one  of  the  most  interesting  of  British  antiquities.  Mr,  Bruce  is  a 
man  of  learnin.'.  whether  as  regards  Roman  history,  in  connection 
with  Britain,  or  the  works  of  Archseologists  upon  our  Rijinati  re- 
mains, especially  those  which  relate  to  his  immediate  subject.  — 

'''The'authoi's  style  renders  it  highly  readable,  the  facts  he  has 
cnller-ted  will  make  it  useful  for  reference,  and  its  portiibility,  and 
the  clear  .arrangement  of  the  subject-matter,  should  introduce  it 
as  a  companion  to  all  who  may  desire  to  study  fuly  one  of  the 
noblest  monuments  of  our  country."— G«i''«ina"  «  J""!'- 

Bruce,  Lew.,  D.D.  Sermons,  Lon.,  1743,  '45,  '52, 
'62.  4to. 

Bruce,  Michael.  Sermon,  1725,  Svo. 
Bruce,  Michael,  1746-1767,  a  native  of  Kinness- 
wood,  county  of  Kinross.  Scotland,  was  the  son  of  a 
weaver.  Hi.s  father  designed  him  for  the  ministry,  and 
sent  him  to  the  University  of  Edinburgh,  where  he  made 
the  acquaintance  of  the  Rev.  John  Logan,  who  pub.  a 
volume  of  his  poems  in  1770.  three  years  after  his  decease. 
A  second  edit,  was  pub.  in  1784,  and  they  were  afterwards 
included  in  Anderson's  edit,  of  the  Poets.  Principal 
Baird  put  forth  another  edit,  in  1807,  and  in  1S37  they 
were  again  pub.,  with  a  life  of  the  author,  by  the  Rev. 
William  Mackelvie,  Balgedie,  Kinrossshire. 

"Had  Bruce  lived,  it  is  probable  he  would  have  t.aken  a  high 
place  among  our  national  poets.  He  was  gifted  with  the  requisite 
enthusiasm"  fancy,  and  love  of  nature,  .  .  .  The  pieces  he  has  left 
have  all  the  marks  of  youth;  a  style  only  halt  formed  and  imma- 
ture and  resemblances  to  other  poets,  so  close  and  frequent,  that 
the  reader  is  constantly  stumbling  on  some  familiar  im.ige  or  ex- 
pression. In  Lochleven.  a  descriptive  poem  in  blank  verse,  he  has 
taken  Thomson  as  his  model.  The  opening  is  a  paraphrase  of 
the  commencement  of  Thomson's  Spring,  and  epithets  taken  from 
the  Seasons  occur  throughout  the  whole  poem,  with  tr.-ices  of  Mil- 
ton. Ossian.  4c.  .  .  .  The  Last  Day  is  inferior  to  Lochlevem  .  • 
In  poetical  beauty  and  energy,  as  in  Mograpbical  interest,  his 
Latest  effort.  The  Klegv,  must  ever  rank  the  Inst  in  his  produc- 
tions,"—Robert  CH,lMBEas;  see  Specimens  in  I  yc  .  of  tng.  l,lt,_ 

'Though  the  poem  on  Lochleven  contains  little  more  than  SLX 
hundred  lines,  it  is  astonishing  with  what  a  v,inety  of  landscapes 
it  is  decorated;  these  are  for  the  most  part  touched  with  a  spirited 


The 
Eclectic  Review, 


pencil,  and  not  seldom  discover  considerable  originality,  both  in 
conception  and  execution;  they  are  not  mere  copies  of  stil  life, 
hut  abound  in  the  expression  of  human  pas-sions  and  feelings, 
and  excite  the  most  permaneut  and  pleasurable  emotions. 
Oh  reader  I  bless  the  memory  of  the  gentle  Bard ;  and  whist  the 
tear  of  pity  trembles  on  thy  cheek,  mayst  thou  feel  the  glow  of 
emulative 'hope,  and  learn  to  live  like  )i\m."—Pral.r.  s  Literary 
Himrs.  vol,  iii,  325:  read  the  whole  of  this  interesting  sketch, 

Bruce,  Peter  Henry,  a  distiugui.shcd  soldier  of  a 
Scotch  family.     Memoirs.  Travels,  &c..  Lon.,  1782,  4to. 

Bruce,  Richard.     The  Life  of  Religion,  Lon..  1615. 

Bruce,  Robert,  1599-1631,  appointed  one  of  the 
ministers  of  Edinburgh,  15S7.  Sermons,  Edin..  1591,  Svo. 
16  Sermons,  Lon.,  1617,  4to.  Discovery  of  the  Conspiracy 
of  Papists,  ,1,0.,  4to.  Sermons  reprinted  with  Collec.  for 
his  life  by  Rev.  Robert  Wodrow,  edited  by  Rev.  yfva. 


BRU 


BRY 


Cunningham,  D.D.,  Trinity  College  Church,  Edin.,  printed 
for  the  Wodrow  Society,  1843_,  8vo. 

"  A  hero  adorned  with  every  virtue,  a  constant  confessor,  and 
almost  martyr,  of  the  Lord  Jesus." — A.  Melville. 

"Mr.  liobert  Bruce  I  several  times  heard,  and,  in  my  opinion, 
never  man  spake  with  greater  power  since  the  Apostles'  days." — 

LmNCSTONE. 

Bruce,  Robert,  M.D.  Arboricult.  Con.  to  Phil. 
Trans.,  1725. 

Bruce,   Titus.     Monarchy  Maintained  j    a  Sermon, 

1682.  4to. 

Bruce,  William.  State  of  Society  in  the  Age  of 
Homer,  p.  8vo.  Treatise  on  the  Being  and  Attributes  of 
God,  Svu.  Sermons  on  the  Study  and  Interpretation  of 
the  Bible,  1824,  Svo. 

"  An  exposition  and  defence  of  the  system  of  Christian  doctrine 
denominated  Ariauism." — Lrm..  Mimthly  Repository. 

Bruch,  Richard.  Epigrammata,  Lon.,  1626,  12mo. 
Epigranimatum,  etc.,  Lon.,  1627. 

Bruckner,  John,  1726-1S04,  though  a  native  of  the 
island  of  Cadsand,  near  the  Belgic  frontier,  was  for  51 
years  settled  as  French  preacher  at  Norwich,  England. 
Theorie  du  Systeme  Animal.  Leyd.,  1767  ;  trans,  into  Eng- 
lish, with  the  title  of  A  Philosophical  Survey  of  the  Ani- 
mal Creation,  Lon.,  1768. 

'•  In  the  7tli  and  10th  chapters  are  many  of  the  sentiments 
which  have  been  more  recently  put  forward  in  the  writings  of  Mr. 
Mai  thus." 

In  17U0  ho  pub.,  under  the  name  of  Cassander,  Criti- 
cisms on  the  Diversions  of  Purley.  John  Home  Touke, 
the  author,  replied  to  these  strictures  with  some  asperity 
in  his  4to.  edit.  He  pub.  in  1792  Thoughts  on  Public 
Worship,  being  a  reply  to  Gilbert  Wakefield's  tract  on  So- 
cial Worship,  Lon.,  1791,  Svo.  Ho  also  began  a  didactic 
poem  in  French  verse,  in  illustration  of  the  principles  laid 
down  in  his  Theorie  du  Systeme  Animal.  Bruckner  was 
a  man  of  considerable  erudition,  and  preached  with  ap- 
plause in  four  languages, — Latin,  French,  Dutch,  and 
English. 

Bruckshaw,  Samuel.  One  more  Proof  of  the  Ini- 
quitous Abuse  of  Private  Madhouses,  1774,  Svo. 

Brudenell,  £xton.  System  of  Midwifery,  Lon., 
1751.  Svo. 

Bruce,  William  U.     The  Clove  Tree,  1797,  4to. 

Bruce,  Walter.  Praxis  Medicina>  Theoretica  et  Em- 
pirica,  Lou.,  1639,  -ito  :  several  foreign  edits.,  Ven.,  15S5, 
fol.;  Antw.,  1585,  ful. ;  Lug.  Bat.,  1599,  Svo;  again,  1628, 
Svo;  again,  1647,  Svo. 

Bruen,  Lewis.     Christian  Psalms,  1789,  Svo. 

Bruen,  Robert.    Pilgrim's  Practice,  Lon.,  1621,  Svo. 

Bruen,  JYIatthias,  1793-1829,  a  native  of  Newark, 
New  Jersey,  pub.  Sketches  of  Italy,  and  a  Sermon  at  Paris. 

Bruggis,  Thos.  Companion  for  a  Chirurgcon,  Lon., 
1651,  Svo.  Chirurgical  Vade  Mecum,  with  a  sup.  by  Ellis 
Pratt.  M.D.,  Lon.,  16S9,  12mo. 

Brulles.     Cultivating  and  Dressing  Hemp,  1790. 

Brumhall.     Sermon  on  Hypocrisy,  1677,  4to. 

Brumwell, William.  Con. to  Med.Obs.  and  Inq.,1784. 

Brunne,  Robert  de,  or  Robert  Mannyng,  a  na- 
tive of  Brunne  in  Lincolnshire,  was  a  Canon  of  the  Gil- 
bertine  order,  and  resident  in  the  priory  of  Sempringham 
ten  years  in  the  time  of  Prior  John  of  Camelton,  and  five 
years  with  John  of  Clyntone.  In  1303  ho  began  his  trans- 
lation, or  rather  paraphrase,  of  Manuel  Peehe  or  Manuel 
des  Peches,  that  is,  the  Manual  of  Sins.  It  is  along  pro- 
duction, treating  of  the  decalogue  and  the  seven  deadly 
sins,  which  are  illustrated  by  many  legendary  stories.  It 
was  never  printed,  but  is  preserved  in  the  Bodleian  Library, 
MSS.  No.  415,  and  in  the  Harleian  MSS.,  No.  1701.  In 
this  work  he  remonstrates  upon  the  introduction  of  foreign 
terms  into  the  language :  "  I  seke,"  says  he,  *'  no  straunge 
Ynglyss." 

But  a  more  important  work  of  his  is  a  metrical  chronicle 
of  England.  The  former  part  is  trans,  from  an  old  French 
poet  called  Maistcr  Wace  or  Gasse,  who  copied  Geoffrey 
of  Monmouth  in  a  poem  called  Roman  des  Rois  D'Angle- 
terre.  The  second  part  of  De  Brnnne's  Chronicle,  begin- 
ning from  Cadwallader,  and  ending  with  Edward  the  First, 
is  trans,  principally  from  a  Chronicle  by  Peter  Langtoft, 
an  Augustine  canon  of  Bridlington,  in  Yorkshire,  who  is 
supposed  to  have  died  in  the  reign  of  Edward  II.,  and  was 
therefore  a  contemporary  of  De  Brunne.  Hearne  edited 
De  Brunne,  but  "has  suppressed  the  whole  of  his  trans, 
from  Wace,  excepting  the  prologue,  and  a  few  extracts 
which  he  found  necessary  to  illustrate  his  glossary."  Some 
specimens  of  De  Brunne's  style  will  be  found  in  Ellis's  se- 
lection; in  Chambers's  Cyo.  Eng.  Lit;  and  in  Warton's 
Hist,  of  Eng.  Poetry,  in  which  work  will  be  found  some 
learned  notes  upon  our  author. 


"The  learned  antiquary.  Hearne.  perhaps  thought  that  having 
preserved  the  whole  of  Robert  of  liloui't-.ster's  taithful  and  almost 
literal  version  of  Geoffrey  of  Mmiuii'utli,  it  was  unnecessary  to 
print  the  more  licentious  paraphiasi- which  had  passed  through 
the  medium  of  a  Norman  poet." — Ellis  s  Specimens  of  Early  Eng. 
Poet.,  i.  Vi'2. 

Brunuing,  Benj.     The  Best  Wisdom,  1660,  4to. 

Brunsell,  Samuel.     Sermon,  Lon.,  1660,  fol. 

Brunswick,  Duke  of.  Reasons  for  embracing  the 
Roman  Catholic  Faith,  1715,  Svo. 

Brunton,  Alex.,  D.D.  Sermons  &  Lectures,  1818,  Svo. 

Bruuton,  Anua.  The  Cottagers;  a  Comic  Opera, 
17SS,  Svo.     This  was  pub.  at  the  age  of  15. 

Brunton,  J>Iary,  1778-1818,  the  only  daughter  of 
Colonel  Thomas  Balfour,  was  a  native  of  the  island  of 
Bara,  in  Orl;noy.  At  the  age  of  20  she  married  the  Rev. 
Dr.  Brunton,  minister  of  Bulton,  in  Haddingtonshire.  In 
1803  Dr.  and  Mrs.  Brunton  removed  to  Edinburgh.  Her 
novel  of  Self-Control  was  pub.  anonymously  in  1811. 

*'  1  intended  to  show  the  power  of  the  religious  principle  in  be- 
stfjwin;;  selfcommaud,  and  to  bear  tt'stimony  against  a  maxim  as 
immnra!  as  indelicate,  that  a  reformed  rake  makes  the  best  hus- 
band."— Prom  a  Lettfr  by  the  Authoress. 

The  work  was  very  successful.  The  1st  edit,  was  sold 
in  a  month,  and  a  second  and  a  third  followed.  In  1814 
she  pub.  Discipline,  which  also  was  successful.  Her  third 
work,  Emmeline,  she  did  not  live  to  finish.  It  was  pub., 
together  with  a  memoir  of  the  authoress,  by  Dr.  JJrunton, 
after  her  decease.  An  edition  of  her  works  has  been  pub. 
in  7  vols.  p.  Svo.  All  of  her  writings  have  been  trans,  into 
French,  and  are  highly  esteemed  on  the  Continent. 

"Among  the  pleasiu;;  expounders  of  morality  Mrs.  Brunton 
stood  pre-eminent,  as  well  for  the  good  taste  and  style,  as  for  the 
soundness,  of  her  works.  Her  two  novels  of  t* elf-Control  and 
Discipline  met  with  great  and  well-deserved  success."  See  Lon. 
Monthly  Keview,  vols.  Ixv.,  Ixxviii.,  and  xci. 

Brusasque,  £liz.  A.  Trans,  from  the  German  of 
Siitzcr  of  the  Principles  of  Taste  as  applied  to  the  Fine 
Arts  and  Literature,  1806,  Svo. 

Bruton,  William,  News  from  the  East  Indies;  or 
Voyage  to  Beugala,  Lon.,  1638,  4to:  see  Osborne's  Voya- 
ges, i.  267,  1745,  and  Hakluyt's  Voyages,  vol.  v. 

Bryan,  Augustine,  d.  1726,  of  Trinity  College,  Cam- 
bridge, edit.  Plutarch's  Lives,  pub.  Lon,,  5  vols.,  4to,  aft«r 
his  death.  Bishop  Hare  speaks  of  him  in  terms  of  com- 
mendation in  the  preface  to  his  edit,  of  Terence. 

Bryan,  Ans;ustiue,     A  Sermon,  Lon.,  1718,  Svo. 

Bryan,  or  Bryant,  Sir  Francis,  d.  1520,  an  Eng- 
lish poot  and  warrior,  educated  at  Oxford,  followed  tho 
Earl  of  Surrey  in  his  expedition  to  the  coast  of  Brittany, 
In  1549  he  was  appointed  chief  governor  of  Ireland,  and 
he  there  married  the  Countess  of  Ormond.  He  was  nephew 
to  Sir  John  Bourchier,  Lord  Berners,  (q.  ik)  and  shared 
in  his  literary  taste.  He  trans,  from  the  French  of  Allegre, 
A  Dispraise  of  the  Life  of  a  Courtier,  which  Allegre  had 
trans,  from  the  CastiUan  of  Guevara,  Bishop  of  Mondovent. 
Bryant's  trans,  was  pub.  Lon.,  1548,  Svo. 

■*  lie  hath  written  sougs  and  sonnets;  some  of  these  are  printed 
with  tho  Songs  and  Sonnets  of  lien.  Earl  of  Surrey,  and  Sir  Tho. 
Wyatt  the  elder ;  which  Songs  and  Sonnets  shew  him  to  have  been 
most  passionate  to  bewail  and  bemoan  the  perplexities  of  love." — 
Allien.  Oxon. 

He  also  left  some  MS.  Letters  of  State. 

Bryan,  John,  D.D.,  of  Coventry.  Serms.,  Lon., 
1647-74. 

Bryan,  Marg:aret.     Educational  works,  1799-1815. 

Bryan,  Matthew,     Sermons,  1684,  '92,  4to. 

Bryan,  Michael,  1757-1821,  a  native  of  Newcastle, 
was  for  many  years  the  first  English  auth<»rity  in  pictorial 
art.  His  celebrated  Biographical  and  Critical  Dictionary 
of  Painters  and  Engravers  was  pub.  in  7  parts,  1813-16, 
forming  2  vols.  4to,  This  valuable  work  is  an  improve- 
ment as  well  as  enlargement  of  Pilkington's  Dictionary, 
(Lon.,  1805,  '10,  4to.) 

"No  private  individual  has  been  more  conspicuous  in  the  annals 
of  British  art  than  the  late  Michael  Bryan.  Esq.  .  .  .  Having  had 
coust;int  need  of  reference  to  his  Dictionarj'  of  Painters  and  En- 
gravers, we  can  take  upon  ourselves  to  vouch  for  its  general  accu- 
racy, research,  and  ability.  The  original  sketches  are  admirably 
written." — Lon.  Literary  Gazette. 

Mr.  Bohn  has  recently  (in  1849)  pub.  a  new  edition  of 
this  valualde  work,  revised,  enlarged  by  more  than  1000 
additional  Memoirs,  and  continued  to  the  present  time  by 
George  Stanley,  Esq.,  1  voK  imp.  Svo,  £2  2«.  Dr.  Spooner 
of  New  York  has  recently  pub.  an  extensive  work  upon 
the  same  plan. 

Bryan,  Philip.  Collection  of  Arms,  Crests,  Ac, 
Lon.,  fol. 

Bryan,  William-  A  Testimony,  Ac.  concerning 
Riehard  Brothers,  1795,  Svo. 

Bryauston,  John.    A  Manifest  Reason,  Ac,  1683. 


BRY 

"  A  useful  and  original  view  of  the  eyidenres  of  Christianity,  in 
wbich  some  of  the  chief  diffi-'ulties  in  Revelation  are  noticed,  and, 
on  the  whole,  satisfactorily  olniated." — Ormk. 

Observations  upon  the  Plagues  inflicted  upon  the  Egyp- 
tians, Lon.,  1794,  1810,  8vo. 

"  A  very  learned  and  curious  work  on  the  Plagues  of  Egypt,  in 
■which  this  series  of  miracles  is  critically  investigated,  and  shewn 
to  afford  most  convincing  evidences  of  the  divine  mission  of  Moses."' 
—Bishop  Van  Miibeet. 

"None  can  read  this  book  without  being  gratified  with  the 
learned  research  which  it  displ.iys,  and  the  light  which  is  thrown 
by  it  on  the  singular,  and  in  some  respects  obscure,  subjects  to 
which  it  relates." — Orme. 

"  The  same  depth  of  thought,  the  same  brilliancy  of  fancy,  and 
the  same  extent  of  erudition,  are  proportionably  conspicuous  in 
this  smaller  production,  as  in  the  larger  work  of  the  Analysis  of 
Ancient  Jlvthologv."— Bndi/i  Vi-Uic,  O.  .9..  iv.  35. 

"Suggests  some  valuable  hints  for  the  illustration  of  this  sul> 

ject." — BICKERSTETH. 

Mr.  Bryant  had  always  been  conspicuous  for  the  inde- 
jndence  of  his  opinions,  and  had  excited  the  astonishment 
of  the  learned  who  were  willing  to  take  things  as  they  had 
received  them  from  their  grandsires.  But  what  was  their 
dismay  when  Professor  Dalzel's  publication  of  Chevalier's 
Description  of  the  Plain  of  Troy,  elicited  from  the  fearless 
Jacob,  A  Dissertation  concerning  the  W.Tr  of  Troy,  and 
the  Expedition  of  the  Grecians  as  described  by  Uomer, 
showing  that  no  such  expedition  ever  took  place,  and  that 
no  such  city  as  Plirygia  existed,  Lon.,  1796,  4to.  Great 
was  the  indignation"  of  the  Hellenists  at  finding  their  be- 
loved city  thus  unceremoniously  swallowed  up  by  the  rod 
of  this  skeptical  magician.  Determined  not  to  yield  with- 
out a  struggle,  Vincent,  FalUoner,  Wakefield,  and  Morritt 
rushed  to  the  rescue,  and  the  vindicators  of  Troy  fought 
indeed  like  Trojans.  Mr.  Bryant  made  but  few  converts, 
whatever  may  have  been  the  justice  of  his  cause.  The 
Sentiments  of  Philo-Juda?us  concerning  the  Logos,  or  Word 
of  God,  Ac,  1797,  Svo.  In  1799  he  .answered  Mr.  Morritt's 
strictures  upon  his  treatise  on  Troy,  and  in  the  same  year 
addressed  an  Expostulation  on  this  subject  to  the  British 
Critic.  Observations  on  the  famous  controverted  passages 
in  Justin  Martyr  and  Josephus.  His  last  work  was  entitled 
Dissertations  upon  some  Passages  in  Scripture,  which  the 
Enemies  of  Religion  have  thought  most  Obnoxious,  and 
attended  with  Difficulties  not  to  be  surmounted,  1803,  4to. 
The  difficulties  referred  to  are  those  in  the  History  of  Ba- 
laam ;  Samson  and  his  victory  at  Lehi ;  the  sun  standing 
still  in  Gibeon.  and  portions  of  the  history  of  Jonah. 

"On  all  these  topics  the  author's  profound  acquaintance  with 
the  idolatries  and  mythology  of  the  Heathen  supplied  him  with 
many  curious  and  import.ant  illustrations.  If  he  has  not  removed 
all  the  difficulties,  he  has  shown  that  they  may  be  materially  re- 
duced."— Orme. 

"  On  the  whole,  we  have  discovered  in  this  work  much  learning, 
much  ingenuity,  and  an  uniform  good  intention;  but  truth  com- 
pels us  to  add,  that  it  displays  a  defect  in  judgment,  and  a  too 
evident  propensity  to  support  a  favourite  hypothesis." — British 
Critic,  O.  S..  XXV.  58. 
Amidst  all  Mr.  Bry.ant's  learned  inquiries,  it  may  be  said 
,     ,         ,        o,,  -    -  J  ,     ii.'  -t     -  ri\.       tohispraise,  that  if  at  times  speculation  deceived  or  theory 

must  be  branches  of  the  one  used  by  the  progenitors  of  the  |  I        ^  ^  ^^        ^^^  ,„  ^^^.^^^^  ^^^  ^ 

human  race,  ho  conceived  that  the  mvestigsition  of  radical ,  "^^^  -»,  ^ „'.;„»:„_  fl.  „„i..„..- e  „„„  .  .„  „„„«,„,  „„r 

terms  aud  philological  comparisons  would  lead  to  the  esta- 
blishment of  Scriptural  History.  His  theory  was  an  in- 
genious one,  but  Mr.  Bryant's  zeal  was  greater  than  his 
knowledge  of  oriental  languages.  Richardson  and  other 
scholars  attacked  some  of  his  positions,  and  showed  their 
erroneous  foundations.  A  Vindication  of  the  Apamean 
Medal:  Archaiol.  vol.  iv.,  and  separately  in  4to,  1775. 
Vindiciae  Flavianae,-  or  a  Vindication  of  the  Testimony 
given  by  Josephus  concerning  our  Saviour  Jesus  Christ, 
1780,  8vo.  This  argument  was  so  convincing,  that  even 
Dr.  Priestley  declared  himself  a  convert.  In  this  year 
Bryant  edited  Wood's  Essay  on  Homer,  the  MS.  of  which 
was  left  in  his  care.  An  Address  to  Dr.  Priestley  upon  his 
Doctrine  of  Philosophical  Necessity.  1780,  Svo.  This  was 
replied  to  by  Priestley.  Observations  on  the  Poems  of 
Thomas  Rowley,  in  wliich  the  authenticity  of  these  Poems 
is  .ascertained,  1781,  2  vols.  12mo.  This  was  an  unfortu- 
nate cause,  but  even  when  espousing  error,  Mr.  Bryant 
would  always  elucidate  much  valuable  truth.  In  1783 
was  pub.  The  Marlborough  Gems,  under  the  title  of  Gem- 
marum  antiquarum  delectus  ex  prsestantioribus  desumptus 
in  Dactylotheca  Ducis  Marburiensis.  Vol.  1st  of  the  ex- 
position was  written  in  Latin  by  Mr.  Bryant,  and  trans, 
into  French  by  Mr.  Maty;  vol.  2d  by  Dr.  Colo,  and  trans, 
by  Mr.  Dutcns.  At  the  request  of  the  dowager  Lady  Pem- 
broke, Mr.  B.  prepared,  and  pub.  in  1792,  Svo,  3d  edit., 
1810,  Svo,  Treatise  on  the  Authenticity  of  the  Scriptures 
and  the  Truth  of  the  Christian  Religion. 

"  Peculiarly  adapted  for  men  of  education  who  wish  to  see  the 
p  incipal  arguments  in  favour  of  Christianity  condensed  into  a 
uarrow  compass." 
270 


BRY 

Bryant,  Alfred,  b.  1807,  in  N.  Jersey.  Millenarian 
Views,  1852.     Abstractions  in  the  World  to  Come,  1863. 

Bryant,  Charles.  Hist.  Account  of  the  Lycoperdon, 
Lon.,  1783,  Svo.  Flora  Diatetica,  1783,  Svo.  A  Diet,  of 
the  ornamental  Trees,  Shrubs,  and  Plants  most  commonly 
cultivated  in  Great  Britain,  Norwich,  1790,  Svo. 

Bryant,  Henry.  1.  Sermon.  2.  Cause  of  the  Brand 
in  Wheat,  1758,  '84. 

Bryant,  .lacob,  1715-1804,  a  man  of  profound  learn- 
ing, was  a  native  of  Plymouth,  in  Devonshire,  and  was 
educated  at  Eton,  and  King's  College,  Cambridge.  Ho 
accepted  the  post  of  tutor  to  the  sons  of  the  Duke  of  Marl- 
borough, and  attended  his  grace  during  his  campaign  as 
his  private  secretary.  The  duke  gave  further  evidences 
of  his  esteem  by  securing  to  Mr.  Bryant  an  annuity  which 
he  received  until  his  death,  assigning  two  rooms  to  his  use 
at  Blenheim,  and  presenting  to  him  the  keys  of  his  cele-  -  ,  ,  . 

brated  library.    Mr.  Bryant  revelled  in  these  literary  stores,  [  pendenceoi  his  opinion; 
and  it  is  worthy  of  note,  that  as  literature  was  the  great     -'"--  '  "•   ""■»•■'> 

passion  of  his  life,  so  its  pursuit  in  one  sense  may  besaid 
to  have  hastened  his  death.  In  stepping  on  a  chair  to 
reach  a  book  in  his  library,  his  foot  slipped,  and  grazing 
his  leg,  mortification  ensued,  of  which  he  died,  Nov.  14, 
1804,  at  the  age  of  89.  Mr.  Bryant  was  wedded  to  his 
books  and  learned  theories,  and  therefore  never  took  a  wife. 
His  publications  were  numerous :  Observations  and  In- 
quiries relating  to  various  Parts  of  Ancient  History,  con- 
taining Dis.sertations  on  the  Wind  Euroclydon ;  and  on 
the  Island  Melite,  together  with  .an  Account  of  Egypt  in 
its  most  early  State,  and  of  the  Shepherd  Kings,  Cam- 
bridge, 1767,  4to.  In  this  volume  Bryant  does  not  hesitate, 
though  with  great  modesty,  to  enter  the  field  against  Bo- 
chart.  Grotius.  Bentley,  Cluverius.  and  Beza.  He  contends 
that  Euroclydon  is  correct,  and  should  not  be  read  Euroa- 
quito,  and  tie  Island  Melite  of  the  last  chapter  of  the  Acts 
is  not  Malta.     His  arguments  are  considered  convincing. 

"  .4n  ingenious  gentleman,  whose  name  is  Bryant,  has  proved, 
I  think,  very  clearly,  that  the  Isle  of  Malta  was  not  the  place  where 
St.  Paul  was  shipwrecked,  but  Mtlile,  which  lies  in  the  Adriatic 
gulph,  upon  the  co.ast  of  Epidaurus.  He  likewise  makes  it  proba- 
ble that  we  must  give  up  Dr.  Bentley 's  reading,  and  abide  by  Euro- 
clydon."— C'harlfis  Godwin  to  HtUrhim,  Aug.  14,  17G7. 

*"  That  very  respectable  author  has  demonstrably  shown  that  the 
Malta  where"  St.  Paul  was  shipwrecked  was  not  the  Malta  in  the 
Mediterranean  Sea  against  Africa,  but  the  Melitw  in  the  Illyrian 
Oulf,  because.  4c."— Wm.  Bowter  :  Xidtols's  Lit.  Aneodotts,  iii.  47 ; 
but  see  the  other  side  in  vol.  ix.  515. 

His  next  and  most  importantwork,  and  theone  by  which 
posterity  will  decide  upon  his  merits,  was  A  New  System, 
or  Analysis  of  Ancient  Mythology;  wherein  an  attempt  is 
made  to"  divest  Tradition  of  F.able,  and  to  reduce  Truth  to 
its  original  Purity,  Lon.,  1774-76,  3  vols.  4to. 

Mr.  Bryant's  object  in  this  work  was  to  prove  the  truth 
of  the  Scriptures,  by  tracing  the  earliest  history  of  man- 
kind, as  related  in  the  Bible,  through  the  traditional  remains 
of  all  nations.     Arguing  upon  the  theory  that  all  languages 


1  of  God  by  promoting  the  salvation  of  man  :  to  confirm  our 
hope  of  a  glorious  immortality,  by  establishing  the  truth 
of  that  inspired  record  wherein  we  "  think  we  have  eternal 
life." 

Bryant,  John  Frederick.  Verses  and  autobiogra- 
phy, 2d  edit,.  1787,  Svo. 

JaSryant,  John  II.,  b.  1807.  a  brother  of  William  Cul- 
len  Bryant,  is  a  native  of  Cumminglon,  Mas.<achusetts.  In 
1S26  he  wr<itc  a  poem  entitled  My  Native  Village,  which 
was  pub.  in  the  United  States  Review  and  Literary  Gazette, 
of  which  his  brother  William  was  one  of  the  editors.  Mr. 
Bryant  has  been  for  some  years  a  resident  of  Illinois,  a 
cultivator  of  the  soil.  Ills  poetical  pieces  have  appeared 
in  the  periodicals  of  the  day,  and  in  1  vol.,  1858. 

"He  is  a  lover  of  nature,  and  describes  minutely  .and  effectively. 
To  him  the  wind  and  the  streams  are  ever  musical,  and  the  forests 
and  the  prairies  clothed  with  beauty.  His  versification  is  easy  and 
correct,  and  his  writings  show  him  to  be  a  man  of  refined  taste  and 
kindly  feelings,  and  to  have  a  mind  stored  with  the  best  learniug." 
— GrisivnUVs  i^c'i.*  arid  Poetry  of  America. 

Bryant,  Lemuel,  d.  1754,  a  minister  of  Braintree, 
Massachusetts,  pub.  a  Sermon  on  Moral  Virtue,  1747.  Re- 
marks on  Mr.  Porter's  Sermon.  1750. 

Bryant,  William  Cullen,  one  of  the  most  eminent 
of  American  poets,  was  born  at  Cummington.  Massachu- 
setts, November  3,  1797.  At  the  early  age  of  ten  years, 
he  published  translations  from  some  of  the  Latin  poets, 
and  when  only  thirteen,  wrote  The  Embargo,  a  political 
satire,  which  was  printed  in  Boston  in  1808.  This  re- 
markable elTusion  of  precocious  genius  was  so  successful 
that  a  new  edition  was  called  for  in  a  few  months.  At 
Williams  College  the  youthful  poet  distinguished  himself 


BRY 


BRY 


hy  Ills  aevotioD  to  the  classics  and  other  departments  of 
learning,  he  left  college  in  1812,  was  admitted  to  the 
Bar  in  1815,  and  commenced  practice  in  the  village  of 
Great  Harrington,  where  he  soon  after  married.  His  cele- 
brated poem  of  Thanatopsis,  was  written  when  between  IS 
and  19  years  of  age.  and  appeared  in  the  North  American 
Review  for  1S16.  His  longest  poem,  The  Ages,  a  survey 
of  the  experience  of  mankind,  was  delivered  before  the 
Phi  Beta  Kappa  Society  of  Harvard  College  in  1821.  It 
was  pub.  with  some  other  poems  at  Cambridge  in  1821. 
His  well-known  poem  To  a  Water  Fowl.  Inscription  for  an 
entrance  to  a  Wood,  and  a  number  of  other  brilliant  effu- 
sions, were  written  whilst  still  a  resident  of  Great  Bar- 
rington.  Ten  years'  experience  of  legal  life,  though  re- 
warded with  more  than  ordinary  success,  determined  Mr. 
Bryant  to  devote  himself  to  the  more  congenial  pursuits 
of  literature.  He  removed  to  New  York  in  1825,  and  in 
conjunction  with  another  gentleman,  established  The  New 
York  Review  and  Athenjeum  Magazine,  in  which  appeared 
some  of  his  best  poems.  In  1826  he  became  editor  of  the 
New  York  Evening  Pust,  with  which  he  has  ever  since  been 
connected.  In  1827  he  was  associated  with  Mr.  Verplanck 
and  Mr.  Sands  in  the  production  of  The  Talisman,  an  An- 
nual. Mr.  Sands  died  in  1832,  and  Mr.  Verplanck  and  Mr. 
Bryant  edited  his  works.  In  1834  he  travelled  for  some  time 
in  Europe,  and  in  1845  and  1849,  repeated  his  visit.  He 
has  embodied  his  observations  on  Europe  and  this  country, 
in  his  Letters  of  a  Traveller  in  Europt;  and  America.  A 
collection  of  his  poems  was  pub.  in  18:',2  in  New  York,  and  j 
soon  after  in  Boston:  and  Washington  Irving  receiving  a  ■ 
copy  of  it  when  in  England,  caused  it  to  be  pub.  in  Lon-  I 
don,  where  it  was  honoured  by  several  editions.  In  1842 
he  pub.  The  Fountain  and  other  Poems ;  in  1S44,  The 
White-Footed  Deer,  and  other  Poems  ;  and  in  lS46ahand- 
some  edition  of  his  complete  Poetical  Works  was  issued  by 
Carey  and  Hart,  Philadelphia,  Mr.  Bryant's  works  are 
■now  published  by  Messrs.  D.  Appleton  &  Co.  of  New  York, 
who  have  shown  their  usual  good  judgment  and  taste  in  is-  i 
suing  them  in  various  styles  to  suit  all  purchasers.  For  the  j 
above  facts  we  are  indebted  to  Griswold's  Poets  and  Poetry  j 
of  America,  to  which  the  reader  is  referred  for  a  fuller  no-  ; 
tice  of  this  gifted  author  and  his  poems.  As  editor  for  the  | 
last  thirty  years  of  the  New  York  Evening  Post,  a  leading 
Democratic  journal,  and  by  his  contributions  to  periodicals, 
in  the  shape  of  reviews,  tales,  &q.,  Mr.  Bryant  has  proved 
himself  as  great  a  master  of  prose  as  he  is  of  poetry.  Whilst 
our  space  forbids  any  thing  like  an  extended  analysis  of  the 
great  merits  of  Mr.  Bryant's  poetry,  we  shall  not  feel  jus- 
tified in  closing  this  article  without  quoting  some  opinions 
which  will  justly  carry  with  them  more  weight  than  any 
criticism  of  our  own.  A  highly  commendatory  notice  of 
the  Water-Fowl,  Green  River,  Inscription  for  the  Entrance 
into  a  Wood,  and  Thanatopsis,  will  be  found  in  the  Lon- 
don (old)  Retrospective  Review — a  periodical  very  chary 
of  praise — for  1824.     We  extract  a  few  lines : 

"The  verses  of  Mr.  Bryant  (the  best  of  th(3  American  Poets') 
come  as  assuredly  from  the  *  well  of  English  undefiled.'  as  the 
finer  compositinns  of  Mr.  Wordsworth;   indited,  the  resemblance 
between  the  two  living  authors  might  justify  a  muoh  more  invi-  i 
dious  parallel.     It  is  quite  idle  to  set  up  for  America  the  benefit  : 
of  a  (/o«n^  language:  she  does  not  require  it.     She  can  stand  upon  | 
her  own  ground  even  now;  and  it  may  be.  that  if  we  pursue  our 
rivalry,  we  may  (in  some  classes  of  literature)  have  in  the  course 
of  time,  no  such  overwhelming  cause  for  exuU;ition."  ' 

This  compliment  was  elicited  by  Mr.  .Jefferson's  remark — 

'•When  we  sh.ill  have  existed  as  a  people  as  long  as  the  Greeks 
did  before  they  produced  Homer,  the  Romans  a  Virgil,  the  French 
a  Racine  and  Voltaire,  the  EnsHsh  a  Shakspeare  and  Milton;  j 
should  this  reproach  be  still  true,  we  will  inquire  from  what  un-  | 
friendly  causes  it  has  proceeded,  that  the  other  countries  of  Eu- 
rope and  quarters  of  the  earth  shall  not  have  inscribed  any  name 
of  ours  on  the  roll  of  poets,''  j 

Mr.  Jefferson  here  refers  to  the  contemptuous  assertion 
of  the  Abbe  Raynal,  that  America  had  not  produced  a 
single  man  of  genius.  The  depreciating  query  of  the 
witty  Canon  of  St.  Paul's  will  immediately  occur  to  the 
reader's  mind,  but  is  so  trite  that  we  are  afraid  to  quote  it.  ' 

The  Retrospective  Review  still  further  remarks,  "  The 
Inscription  for  the  Entrance  into  a  Wood  reminds  us  both 
of  Wordsworth  and  Cowper."  We  make  an  extract  from 
a  long  and  interesting  review  of  Bryant's  poetry  by  one 
of  the  highest  authorities  in  the  language,  distinguished 
for  its  contempt  of  mediocrity : 

"  nis  poetry  overflows  with  natural  religion — with  what  Words- 
worth calls  the  'religion  of  the  woods.'  This  reverential  awe  of 
the  Invisible  pervades  the  verses  entitled  Thanatopsis  and  Forest 
Hymn,  imparting  to  them  a  sweet  solemnity  which  must  affect  all 
thinking  hearts." 

After  pointing  out  some  faults  in  Forest  Hymn,  the  re- 
viewer proceeds : 

"  Thanatopsis  is  more  original  both  in  conception  and  execution ; 


and  we  quote  it  entire,  as  a  noble  example  of  true  poetical  enthu- 
siasm. It  alone  would  establish  the  author's  claim  to  the  honours 
of  genius.  ...  It  is  ind^-ed  in  the  beautiful  that  the  genius  of 
Bryant  finds  its  prime  delight.  He  ensouls  all  dead,  insensate 
things,  in  that  deep  and  delicate  sense  of  their  seeming  life,  in 
which  they  breathe  and  smile  betbre  the  eyes  '  that  love  all  they 
look  up«-m,'  and  thus  there  is  animation  and  enjoyment  in  the 
hea,rt  of  the  solitude.  Here  are  some  lines  [Inscription  fltr  the  En- 
trance to  a  Wood]  breathing  a  woodland  and  (yon  will  understand 
us)  a  Wordsworthian  feeling:  while  we  read  them,  as  Burns  says, 
'our  hearts  rejoice  in  nature's  joy,' and  in  our  serene  sympathy 
we  love  the  poet.  .  .  .  That  his  writings  'are  imbued  with  the  in- 
dependent spirit  and  the  buoyant  aspirations  incident  to  a  youth- 
ful, a  free,  and  a  rising  country,'  will  not,  says  Mr.  Irving,  be  the 
'  least  of  his  merits.'  In  the  eyes  of  Mr.  Rogers,  to  whom  the  vo- 
lume is  inscribed,  [edited  by  Washington  Irving;  Andrews,  Lon- 
don. 1882,  8vo,]  and  in  ours,  it  is  one  of  the  greatest:  for  we  too 
belong  to  a  country  who,  though  not  young — God  bless  her.  auld 
Scotland ! — hath  yet  an  independent  spirit  and  buoyant  aspira- 
tions which  she  is  not  loath  to  breathe  into  the  bosom  of  one  of 
her  aged  children." — Chkistopuer  North:  BlacJcwooci's  Magaziiu\ 
Apr>L\%Z'2,  p.  <>it». 

"  There  is  running  through  the  whole  of  this  little  collection,  a 
strain  of  pure  and  high  sentiment,  that  expands  and  lifts  up  the 
soul,  and  brings  it  nearer  to  the  source  of  moral  bf-auty.  This  is 
not  indefinitely  and  obscurely  shad'iwed  out,  but  it  animates  bright 
images  and  clear  thoughts." — W.  Phillips:  N.American  Review, 
xiii.  3S0;  notice  of  The  Ages  and  other  Poems,  pub.  at  Cambridge, 
1821.  pp.44. 

'•  Others  before  him  have  sung  the  beauties  of  creation,  and  the 
greatness  of  God;  but  no  one  ever  observed  external  things  more 
closely,  or  transferred  bis  impressions  to  paper  in  more  vivid  co- 
lours. A  violet  becomes,  in  his  hands,  a  gem  tit  to  be  placed  in  an 
imperial  diadem;  a  mountain  leads  his  eyes  to  the  canopy  above 
it.  On  the  whole,  we  may  pronounce  the  book  before  us  the  best 
volume  of  American  poetry  that  has  yet  appeared.  The  publication 
of  such  a  volume  is  an  important  event  in  our  literature.  We 
have  been  too  much  in  the  habit  of  looking  abroad  for  examples 
and  models;  and  our  poets,  generally,  have  had  the  usual  fortune 
of  imitators, — their  copies  have  fallen  short  of  the  originals." — W. 
J.  Snellino  :  N. American  Review,  sxsiv.  5U2;  notice  of  the  edition 
of  1832,  Bhss,  New  York,  8ro. 

"  His  name  is  classical  in  the  literature  of  the  language.  Whei^ 
ever  English  poetry  is  read  and  loved,  his  poems  are  known  by 
heart.  Collections  of  poetry,  elegant  extracts,  school-books,  Na- 
tional Readers,  and  the  like,  draw  largely  upon  his  pieces.  Among 
American  poets  his  name  stands,  if  not  the  very  first,  at  least 
among  the  two  or  three  foremost.  Some  of  his  pieces  are  perhaps 
greater  favourites  with  the  reading  public  than  any  others  written 
in  the  United  States." — G.  S.  IIili.ard:  N.  American  Review,  Iv. 
501).  (.Notice  ot  ediiiun  of  I>»4;j,  Wiley  &  Vutnam,  New  York  and 
London.  12mo.  pp.  100.) 

Can  we  bett«r  conclude  our  notice  of  the  poetry  of  this 
distinguished  American,  than  by  the  graphic  picture  of  its 
merits  drawn  by  the  vivid  pencil  of  the  man  whom  the 
country  and  his  age  delight  to  honour? 

'■  Bryant's  writings  transport  us  into  the  depths  of  the  solemn 
primeval  forest,  to  the  shores  of  the  lonely  lake — the  banks  of  the 
wild  nameless  stream,  or  the  brow  of  the  rocky  upland,  rising  like 
a  promontory  from  amidst  a  wide  orean  of  foliage;  while  they  shed 
around  us  the  glories  of  a  climate  fierce  in  its  extremes,  but  splen- 
did in  all  its  vici.ssitudes." — W.\-;niNGTox  Irving. 

The  only  fault  that  we  have  to  find  with  Mr.  Bryant  is 
that  he  has  written  so  little,  and  has  chosen  to  scatter 
his  brilliance  amidst  a  constellation  of  little  poetic  stars, 
rather  than  to  concentrate  the  light  of  his  genius  in  some 
immortal  work,  which  should  shine  as  a  planet  in  the  lite- 
rary horizon  to  the  latest  generation. 

Letters  of  a  Traveller  in  Europe  and  America,  N.  York, 
12mo. 

'•  Mr.  Brj-ant's  style  in  these  Letters  is  an  admirable  model  of 
descriptive  prose.  Without  any  appearance  of  labour,  it  is  finishe-! 
with  an  exquisite  grace.  Tlie  genial  love  of  nature,  and  the  lurk- 
ing tendency  to  humour,  which  it  everywhere  betrays,  preveuta 
its  severe  simplicity  from  rumnng  into  hardness,  and  gives  it 
freshness  and  occasional  glow  in  spite  of  ita  prevailiug  propriety 
and  reserve.'" — Harper's  Neio  Mrmthly  Magazine. 

See  also  Lou.  Month.  Rev.,  cxxvii.  490 ;  For.  Quar. 
Rev.,  X.  121;  Chris.  Exam.,  xsii.  59,  (by  W.  P.  Lunt;) 
South.  Lit.  Mess.,  iii.  41;  Amer.  Quar.  Rev.,  sx.  504;  Be 
Bow's  Rev.,  ix.  577.  {by  T.  A.  Turner:)  Democrat.  Rev.,  vi. 
273,  xvi.  1S5;  U.S.  Lit.  Gaz..  i.  8;  Phila.  Mus.,  xx.  578, 
xxi.  404.  A  new  ed.  of  Bryant's  Poetical  Works,  collected 
and  arranged  by  the  author,  illustrated  with  71  engravings, 
Lon.,  1858. 

Bryars,  John,  Rector  of  BilHngford.  Norfolk.  Cha- 
rity Sermon,  Phil.  iv.  17.  1711.  -Svo.  Funeral  of  a  Bay 
Labourer,  St.  John  ii.  26,  1712.  Svo. 

Bryce,  James.  An  Account  of  the  Yellow  Fever, 
Edin.,  1796,  Svo.  The  Cow  Pox,  Ediu.,  1S02,  Svo;  2d 
edit,  enlarged,  1809.  Svo. 

Bryce,  James,  D.D.  British  India,  Lon.,  1810,  Svo. 
Sketch  of  Native  Education  in  India,  Svo. 

"  A  very  valuable  and  seasonable  publication." — Asiatic  Journal. 

"This  able  voliune.'' — .Y-^Jo  Monthly  Magazine. 

"Dr.  Bryce's  work  may  be  read  with  advantage  even  in  refer 
ence  t«  the  present  state  of  the  question  of  national  education  in 
this  country."' — Atlas. 

■'Tliijj  excellent  volume." — United  Service  Gaz. 

Bryckiuton,  Stephen.     See  Birchixgtox. 

271 


BRY 


BRY 


Brydall,  or  Bridall,  John,  h.  1635,  in  Somerset- 
ehire,  was  educated  at  Queen's  College,  Oxford.  He  set- 
tled in  Lincuhrs  Inn.  and  became  equally  celebrated  for 
his  loyalty  and  law-books.  Jus  Imaginis  apud  Anglos, 
1671,  8vo.  Speculum  Juris  Anglicam,  or  a  View  of  the 
Laws  of  England  us  they  are  divided  into  Statutes,  Com- 
mon Law,  and  Customs,  1673,  8vo.  Jus  Sigilli,  1673. 
Jus  Criminis,  1675,  8vo.  Camera  Regis,  1696,  8vo.  I'e- 
eus  et  Tutamen,  1679,  Svo.  Jura  Corona;,  1680,  8vo.  Col- 
lection of  the  Laws  of  England  touching  matters  Crimi- 
nal, 1696,  Svo.     Ars  Trausferendi,  1679,  Svo. 

"  This  book  contains  some  very  useful  materials  for  the  student's 
legal  reflections." 

Non  Compos  Mentis,  1700,  Svo.  Lex  Spuriorum,  1703, 
Svo.  Declaration  relative  to  tho  Temporal  Lords  in  Par- 
liament, 1704,  fol. 

Bryden,  William,  D.D.     Sermon,  177S,  Svo. 

Brydges,  Sir  Grey,  Lord  Chandos,  d.  1621,  called, 
**from  his  magnificent  style  of  living,"'  King  of  Cotswould, 
is  supposed  to  have  been  the  author  of  Horco  Subseciva?, 
Lon.,  1626,  Svo.  Wood  ascribes  this  work  to  Gilbert, 
Lord  Cavendish.  Maloue  is  disposed  to  attribute  it  to 
William  Cavendish.  Thomas  Baker,  Dr.  White  Kennet, 
and  Horace  Walpole.  consider  its  authorship  a  matter  of 
great  doubt,  and  Sir  Samuel  Egerton  Brydges  is  evidently 
disposed  to  adopt  it  on  behalf  of  the  House  of  Chandos. 
See  this  knotty  point  discussed  in  Park's  Walpole's  R.  and 
N.  Authors,  Biydges's  Memoirs  of  King  James's  Peers, 
and  in  Censura  Literaria,  2d  edit.,  vi.  192. 

Brydges,  Sir  Harford  Jones.  Dynasty  of  the 
Kajars,  trans,  from  the  Persian,  1833,  12mo.  Account 
of  the  Transactions  of  his  Majesty's  Mission  to  Persia, 
1807-11,  2  vols.  Svo.  1S34. 

"Sir  Harford  sucoeeded  in  his  ffreat  object,  and  concluded  a 
treaty  with  Persia,  when  the  French  influence  had  already  baffled 
and  driven  away  our  English  at^ent — Sir  John  Mak-om." — Morikr. 

Brydges,  Hou.  and  Rev,  Henry,  Sermons,  1701,'09. 

Brydges,  Sir  Samuel  Egerton,  1762-1837,  ''a 
man  to  all  the  book  tribe  dear,"  was  a  native  of  Wotton 
Court,  Kent.  He  was  the  set-ond  son  of  Edward  Brydges, 
Esq.,  of  that  place,  by  Jemima,  daughter  and  co-heiress 
of  the  Rev.  William  Egerton,  LL.D.,  Prebendary  of  Can- 
terbury. He  was  educated  at  the  Grammar  School  at 
Maidstone  for  four  years,  for  five  at  thu  King's  School, 
Cambridge,  and  in  17S0  was  entered  of  Queen's  College, 
Cambridge.  He  was  called  to  the  Ear  in  1787,  but  never 
applied  with  much  zeal  to  its  duties.  lu  1812  he  was 
elected  to  Parliament  from  Maidstone,  and  continued  a 
member  until  1818,  when  ho  removed  to  the  continent, 
where  he  remained  residing  at  Paris,  Geneva,  in  Italy,  ttc, 
until  his  death  in  1837.  We  now  come  to  notice  a  mat- 
ter respecting  which  Sir  Egerton  (for  so  he  is  commonly 
styled)  permitted  few  of  his  readers  to  remain  long  igno- 
rant. After  the  death  of  the  last  Duke  of  Chandos  in 
1790,  Sir  Egerton  induced  his  brother,  the  Rev.  Edward 
Tymewell  Brydges,  to  prefer  a  claim  to  the  Barony  of  Chan- 
dos, upon  the  ground  of  alleged  descent  from  a  younger 
son  of  the  first  Brydges  who  wore  that  title.  The  House 
of  Peers  pronounced  its  decision  in  1803,  "that  the  peti- 
tioner had  not  made  out  his  claim  to  the  title  and  dignity 
of  Baron  Chandos."  This  was  a  death-blow  to  the  ambi- 
tious hopes  of  the  aspiring  liiteraieur,  and  the  effects  of 
his  disappointment  were  permitted  to  mar  many  pages  of 
profound  lore  and  rare  beauty.  It  is  not  thought  by  those 
best  qualified  to  judge,  that  any  injustice  was  done  to  him- 
self or  brother  in  the  premises.  Those  who  are  curious 
on  this  subject  can  refer  to  Mr.  G.  F.  BcUz's  Review  of 
the  Chandos  Peerage  Case,  Lon.,  1S34,  Svo,  and  to  Sir 
Egerton 's  edit,  of  Collins's  Peerage.  Sir  Egerton,  not- 
withstanding this  adverse  decision,  declared  that  he  could 
assert  his  rights  by  Common  Law  ;  and  upon  this  presump- 
tion he  was  wont  to  add  to  his  signature  "  per  legum  Tcrraj 
B.  C.  of  S."  But  in  1S14  he  received  a  more  substantial  ho- 
nour in  the  shape  of  a  baronetcy.  In  his  novel  of  Arthur 
Fitz-Albiui  the  reader  will  find  recorded  much  of  the  author's 
sombre  experience.  Like  Lord  Byron,  whom  in  some  re- 
spects he  resembled.  Sir  Egerton  is  continually  presenting 
hia  own  woful  visage  in  his  gloomy  galleries.  As  a  writer 
Sir  Egerton  has  conferred  substantial  benefits  on  the  lite- 
rature of  his  country,  especially  in  his  researches  in  early 
English  poetry.  His  publications  were  numerous:  Son- 
nets and  Poems,  Lon.,  1785-95 ;  4th  edit.,  1808,  Svo.  The 
celebrated  Echo  and  Silence,  so  highly  commended  by 
Wordsworth,  appeared  in  this  collection.  The  Topogra- 
pher, a  monthly  miscellany,  in  coniunction  with  the  Rev. 
Stebbing  Shaw.  April.  I7S0.  to  June.  1791,  -1  vols.  Svo.  To- 
pographical Miscellanies,  4to,  1702;  only  about  200  pages 
printed.  Mary  de  Clifford^  a  Novel/l792,  1800,  Svo. 
272 


Verses  relative  to  the  Constitution,  and  other  Poems,  1794, 
4to.  "Arthur  Fitz-Albini ;  a  Novel,  1798-99,  2  vols.  Svo. 
Heflections  on  the  Augmentations  of  the  British  Peerage, 
Ac,  anon.,  1798,  Svo.  Tests  of  the  National  Wealth  and 
Finances.  1798,  Svo.  A  new  edit,  of  Tbeatnim  Poetarum 
Anglieanorum  by  Phillips,  (the  nephew  of  John  Milton,) 
1800,  Svo.  Le  Forester  ;  a  Novel,  1802,  3  vols.  Svo.  Me- 
moirs of  Peers  in  the  reign  of  James  I.,  1802,  Svo.  Cen- 
sura Literaria.  containing  Titles,  Abstracts,  and  Opinions 
of  Olh  English  Books,  1805-09,  10  vols.  Svo:  a  2d  edit. 
of  only  100  copies  was  pub.  in  1815,  with  a  general  index, 
and  a  chronological  arrangement  of  the  titles.  Copies  of 
this  2d  edit,  have  become  so  rare  (1854)  that  a  standing 
and  oft-repeated  order  of  the  writer's  remained  for  two 
years  in  London  before  it  could  be  supplied.  We  know 
of  but  one  other  copy  in  the  city  of  Philadelphia,  in  the 
library  of  Professor  C.  D.  Cleveland,  the  intelligent  author 
of  English  Literature,  and  English  Literature  of  the  19th 
Century.  A  reprint  in  say  four  royal  octavo  vols.,  at  about 
a  guinea  per  volume,  we  predict  would  have  a  good  sale. 
We  also  venture  to  suggest  the  reprinting  of  The  British 
Bibliographer,  and  Restituta.  Thereby  an  important  bene- 
fit would  bo  conferred  on  the  present  generation.  To  these 
three  valuable  works  Mr.  Joseph  Haslewood  was  a  large 
contributor.  British  Bibliographer,  1810-14,  4  vols.  Svo. 
Restituta:  or  Titles,  Extracts,  and  Characters  of  Old 
Books  in  English  Literature  Revived.  1814-16,  Svo.  A  new 
edit,  of  Collins's  Peerage  of  England,  1S06-12,  9  vols.  Svo. 
"The  sensitive  and  gifted  accuser,  with  iuexbaustible  powers  to 
charm  and  to  instruct,  has  even  stooped  to  the  drudgery  of  editing 
a  Peerage  of  nine  volumes,  in  order  that  a  few  of  its  pages  might 
transmit  to  posterity  a  re«ord  of  his  wrongs." 

The  Ruminator,  a  series  of  Moral,  Critical,  and  Senti- 
mental Essays,  1813,  2  vols.  Svo.  The  Sylvan  Wanderer, 
1S13,  Svo;  2'd part.  1815.  Letters  on  the  Poor  Laws,  1813, 
Svo.  Occasional  Poems,  1814,  Svo.  Bertram,  a  Poem, 
1815,  Svo.  Excerpta  Tudoriana,  or  Extracts  from  Eliza- 
bethan Literature,  1814-18,  2  vols.  Svo.  Reasons,  Ac, 
relative  to  the  Copy  Right  Act  of  Queen  Anne.  1817.  Po- 
pulation and  Riches,  1819.  Coningsby,  1819.  Ataviae 
Regia,  1820.  4to.  Res  Literaria;,  1820-21,  3  vols.  Svo. 
The  Hall  of  Hellingsey,  1S21,  3  vols.  Svo.  Libcllus  Ge- 
bensis,  1822.  Letters  from  the  Continent,  1821,  Svo. 
What  aro  Riches?  1821.  Svo.  Polyanthea  Librorum  Ve- 
tustiorum,  1S22.  Svo.  Letters  on  Lord  Byron,  1824,  Svo. 
Gnomica;  detached  Thoughts,  1824,  Svo.  Odo,  Count  of 
Lingen.  a  Poem,  1824.  Thcatrum  Poetarum,  1824,  Svo. 
Cim'elia,  &c.,  1823.  Recollections  of  Foreign  Travel,  1S25, 
2  vols.  Svo.  Stemmata  Illustria,  1825,  fol.  Lex  Terrse, 
1831,  Svo.  The  Anglo-Genevan  Critical  Journal  for  1S31, 
2  vols.  Svo.  Expositions  on  the  Parliamentary  Reform. 
Bill,  1831,  Svo.  Lake  of  Geneva,  1S31,  2  vols.  Svo.  Ven- 
dica,  1832,  fol.  Imaginary  Biography,  1834,  3  vols.  De- 
sultoria,  1842,  12mo.  The"  Anti-Critic,  1822,  Svo.  A  Note 
on  the  Suppression  of  Memoirs  announced  by  the  Author 
in  June,  1825.  Paris,  1825,  12mo.  The  Autobiography, 
Times.  Opinions,  and  Contemporaries  of  Sir  Egerton 
Brydges,  1834.  2  vols.  Svo.  Many  of  these  works,  and 
some  not  named,  were  pub.  abroad,  at  Geneva,  Florence, 
&c.  We  do  not  enumerate  all  the  works  printed  by  Sir 
Egerton  at  his  private  press  at  the  mansion  of  his  son, 
Lee  Priory,  near  Canterbury.  A  list  will  be  found  in 
Martin's  Catalogue  of  Privately  Printed  Books,  pp.  379- 
404;  and  see  H.  G.  Bohn's  Guinea  Cat.,  1841. 

"  The  number  of  copies  printed  there  has  in  no  case  exceeded  one 
hundred;  and  I  have  reason  to  believe  that  the  complete  sets  fall 
short  of  thirty ."—-St'r  Ega-trm  Brydges  to  Dr.  T.  F.  Dibilin. 

See  memoir  in  Lon.  Gent.  Mag.  Not  satisfied  with  this 
hydra-headed  catalogue  of  his  works,  to  which  others 
might  be  added,  our  pntlific  author,  who  could  write  2000 
sonnets  in  one  year,  edited  a  number  of  works,  and  con- 
tributed to  the  Gent.  Mag.  and  other  periodicals  of  the 
day.  Of  the  merits  of  his  edition  of  Milton's  poetical 
works,  we  have  a  weighty  certificate  from  a  learned  stu- 
dent of  Milton,  the  last  editor  of  his  poetical  works : 

"We  are  most  deeply  indebted  to  him  for  his  labours  of  love 
upon  our  great  Kpio :  for  no  critic,  not  excepting  Addison  himself, 
has  had  a  more  just  appreciation  of  the  genius  of  Milton,  or  has 
criticised  him  with  truer  taste  or  sounder  judgment.  .  .  .  This  I 
consider,  on  tho  whole,  the  best  edition  of  Milton." — CkvdanxTs 
E7U/lis/i  Literature  ofl9th  Century,  Pfdla.,  1853. 

We  append  extracts  from  the  reviews  by  the  London 
and  Edinburgh  Quarterlies  of  his  Autobiography.  It  will 
be  observed  that  the  difference  of  opinion  is  very  con- 
siderable : 

"Those  who  like  lively  and  spirited  sketches  of  men  and  man- 
ners, diversified  with  short  critical  digressions,  sometimes  wise, 
always  clever,  will  find  a  large  fund  of  entertainment  in  these  vo- 
lumes. AVe  have  pt-rhaps  liestowed  more  ppace  on  them  than  some 
readers  nuiy  think  they  deserved ;  but  the  truth  is,  that  Sir  £gex-ton 


•        BRY 

brydges  possesses  the  temperament  of  genius  in  as  high  perfection 
as  any  author  of  our  times." — Lim.  QuarUrly  Review,  li.  3(i3. 

"The  author  before  us  is  as  intimately  persuaded  of  the  reality 
of  his  powi-rs,  of  the  solidity  of  bis  reputation,  as  if  the  loud  huz- 
zas of  the  literary  world  were  borne  to  his  retrt-at.  The  amabilis 
insania  i  tht*  delusion  is  too  proud,  too  stroufX  for  ordinary  vauity) 
cheats,  snnthes,  Hatters,  to  the  verge  of  the  abyss.  All  that  criti- 
cism could  prove,  all  that  neglect — severest  of  all  critics— could 
trtich,  fall  vain  and  unheeded  on  the  sons  of  a  nature  of  this 
mould.  Nursed  in  the  tastes  and  habits  of  genius,  it  mistakes 
the  tastes  for  the  cjipacities ;  in  the  habits  (making  7iow  no  mis- 
tiike)  it  feels  its  reward;  and  if  the  individual  author  were  the 
sole  concern  of  the  critic,  here  we  might  stop  at  once,  leaving  him 
in  unlimited  possession  of  a  delusion  it  would  be  idle  and  cruel 
to  destroy." — Blin.  Review,  lix.  439. 

'•  In  this  singular  work  [Autobiography]  there  are  lofty  concep- 
tions enough  to  form  a  poet,  and  moral  wisdom  enough  to  make  a 
sage.  It  is  a  b(X)k  that  to  be  estimated  must  be  read  with  an  ho- 
nest and  true  heart;  much  must  be  fiirgiven.  and  much  over- 
looked: but  after  all  that  is  offensive  and  all  that  is  eccentric  is 
removed  from  the  surface,  there  will  remain  a  knowledge,  a  power, 
a  feeling,  and  a  perseverance,  that  must  inspire  respect  and  admi- 
ration. We  hesitate  not  to  ?Ay  that  in  these  volumes  are  some  of 
the  most  beautiful  passages  that  are  to  be  found  in  English  prose." 
— Lon.  Grnt.  M'ig.,  March.  1S35. 

Brydone,  Patrick,  b,  about  1743,  d.  1S18,  a  native 
of  Berwickshire.  Travels  tbrou.^b  Sicily  and  Malta,  Lon., 
1774,  2  vols.  8vo;  dedicated  to  Mr.  Bcckford:  trans,  into 
several  foreign  languages. 

'-Liveliness  of  description  of  scenery  and  manners,  couched  in 
an  easy  and  elegant  style,  has  rendered  th^st*  volumes  extremely 
p'lpular.  notwithstanding  they  do  not  display  much  learning  or 
knowled;;e.  and  are  even  sometimes  superficial  and  inaccurate." — 
— Steve vsox. 

Mr.  Brjdono  makes  a  sad  exposure  of  ignorance  in  his 
remarks  on  the  Carronico  Recupero: 

•■  These  observations,in  the  present  more  advanced  state  of  geo- 
logv.  are  scarcely  dr'serving  of  notice." 

Mr.  Brydone  pub.  some  papers  in  Phil.  Trnn.s.,  1757,  *87. 

Brydson,  Thomas.  A  Summary  A^'iew  of  Heraldry, 
Edin.,  1785,  8vo. 

"  It  is  a  pleasing  circumstance  to  find  elegance  and  liberal  in- 
formation thus  happily  connected  with  a  science  usually  perplexed, 
as  Heraldry  is,  by  technical  terms  and  grotesriue  figures.  The 
historian  and  the  poet,  nay  the  lawyer  and  the  politician,  will 
peiTise  it  with  ple-asure." — British  Critic. 

■•  Deserving    of  being  called   the   Philosophy  of  Heraldry." — 

LOWiVDES. 

*■  An  elegant  and  entertaining  work." — Moi'LE. 

Observations  respecting  Precedency,  Lon.,  1R12,  4to. 

Bryer,  James.  Inoculation  of  Cow-Pox,  Lon.,  1S02, 
Svo.     Probably  by  James  Bryce. 

Brynier,  Thomas  Parr.     Sermon,  Lon..  1840,  Svo. 

Brymner,  Alex.     Con.  to  Med.  Comm.,  1775. 

Bryn,  M.  Lafayette,  M.D.,  of  New  York.  Remi- 
niscences of  History.  Daring  Deeds  of  Women.  Random 
Shots.     The  Repository  ofWit  and  Humour. 

*'  There  are  hours  when  men  need  relaxation  from  the  sterner 
Labours  of  life,  both  bodily  and  mental.  In  these  seasons,  such  a 
volume  as  the  above  is  a  desirable  companion,  and  affords  that  re- 
lief which  the  mind  nivds." 

Bryskett,  Lodowick.  Discourse  of  Civill  Life,  kc, 
Lon..  1C06.  4to. 

••  Spenser,  the  friend  of  the  author,  is  introduced  as  one  of  the 
eolloquists  in  this  Discourse,  which  Malone  supposes  to  have  been 
composed  between  l.'iSi  and  15S9." 

Mourning  Muse  of  Thestylis.  Quoted  by  Todd  in  his 
edit,  of  Milton.  The  Mourning  Muses  of  Lod.  Bryskett 
upon  the  deathe  of  the  moste  noble  Sir  Pliilip  Sidney, 
Knight.  Aug.  22,  1587.  This  poem  will  be  found  in  Spen- 
ser's works. 

'■■  To  Bryskett,  Spenser  addresses  the  '1?A  sonnet  in  his  Amoretti, 
and  to  the  same  literary  frit-nd  we  probably  owe  much  that  has 
di'scended  to  us  of  the  incomparable  Faery  Queen." — Ritson's 
Bihlinrj,  Poftica. 

We  extract  a  portion  of  the  Sonnet  to  which  Ritson  refers: 
"Great  wrong  I  doe.  T  can  it  not  deny, 
To  th.it  most  sacred  Empresse.  my  dear  dred, 
Not  finishing  her  Queene  of  Faery, 
That  mote  enlarge  her  living  prayses.  dead: 
But  Lodwick,  this  of  grace  to  me  aread ; 
Do  ye  not  thinck  th'  accomplishment  of  it, 
Sufficient  worke  for  one  man's  simple  head, 
All  were  it.  as  the  rest,  but  rudely  writ?" 

Bryson,  James.     13  Sermons,  Belf.,  1778,  Svo. 

Bryson,  T.     Lectures  on  Rom.  viii.,  1795,  12mo. 

'■  Spiritual  and  evangelical." — Bickersteth. 

Bryton,  Anne.  Richmond  :  a  Pastoral.  Lon. ,1780, 4to. 

Buc,  or  Buck,  Sir  Geori^e,  d.  1623,  a  native  of 
Lincolnshire,  is  commended  by  Camden  as  a  person  of  ex- 
cellent learning,  who  had  "remarked  many  things  in  his 
histories,  and  courteously  communicated  hi.s  observations 
to  him,"  The  Third  Universitie  of  England,  Lon..  IfilS, 
fob  ;  and  afterwards  appended  to  Stowe's  Chronicles  by 
Howes.  This  work  contains  a  history  of  the  colleges  and 
schools  of  London.  The  Life  and  Reign  of  Richard  III., 
Lon.,  1646.  '47  ;  printed  in  Kennet'.'*  Hist,  of  England. 
Malone  denies  this  to  be  our  author's,  but  Ritson  insists 
13 


BUG 

upon  the  contrary.  The  same  view  is  taken  of  the  cha- 
racter of  Richard  III.  as  tliat  advocated  by  Horace  Wal- 
pole  in  his  Historic  Doubts.  An  Eclog  treating  of 
Crownes  and  of  Garlands,  Lon.,  1605,  4to.  The  Great 
Plantagenet,  Lon.,  1635,  4to. 

"This  appears  to  be  a  repiiut  of  the  fonner,  with  very  consider- 
able alterations,  by  some  fellow  who  assumed  his  name." — Ritson. 

Buccleugh,  Duke  of.  Cun.  to  Edin.  Phil.  Trans., 
1788;  a  Register  of  the  Weather  for  10  years. 

Buch,  C.  W.  Trans,  of  K.  R.  Hagenbach's  Compen- 
dium of  the  History  of  Doctrines,  2  vols.  Svo;  being  vols, 
iii.  and  vi.  of  Clarke's  Foreign  Theol.  Library. 

"  Distinguished  for  its  brevity,  its  clear  statements  of  the  lead- 
ing points,  its  great  candour,  its  ample  references  to  the  body  of 
contemporaneous  literature." — Bibliothixa  ASacra. 

Buchan,  Alexander  Peter,  d.  1824.  was  a  son  of 
the  author  of  Domestic  Medicine,  which  work  he  prepared 
for  its  21st  edition  ;  pub.  Lon..  1813.  8vo.  The  29th  Amer. 
edit,  was  pub.  in  1854.  He  also  edited  Armstrong  on  the 
Diseases  of  Children,  Lon.,  1808,  Svo,  and  pub.  some 
■works  un  Sea  Batliing.  the  Warm  Bath,  Ac,  1797-1818. 

Buchan,  Christiana.  History  of  the  Christian 
Church  to  the  l^th  Century,  Lon.,  Svo. 

"The  aim  of  the  author  h;is  been  rather  to  state  tacts,  than  ex- 
press opinions." 

Buchan,  David  Stewart  Erskine,  Lord  Card- 
ross,  and  Earl  of,  1742-1829,  an  eccentric  nobleman 
of  literary  tastes,  may  perhaps  be  justly  considered  the 
founder  of  the  Society  of  Antiquaries,  Scotland.  His 
lordship  contributed  to  the  Trans,  of  this  society,  to 
Grose's  Antiquities  of  Scotland,  the  Gentleman's  Maga- 
zine, &c.  In  conjunction  with  Walter  Minto,  he  pub., 
Edin.,  1787,  4to,  An  Account  of  the  Life,  Writings,  and 
Inventions  of  Napier  of  Merehiston.  An  Essay  on  the 
Lives  and  Writings  of  Fletcher  of  Saltoun  and  the  poet 
Thomson,  with  some  pieces  of  Thomson  never  before  pub- 
lished, Lon.,  1792,  Svo.  He  instituted  an  annual  comme- 
moration of  Thomson.     Other  works. 

Sir  Walter  Scott  seems  to  have  had  a  singular  source  of 
consolation  when  attending  his  lordship's  funeral;  he  re- 
marks : 

'■  At  least  I  have  not  the  mortification  of  thinking  what  a  deal 
of  patronage  and  fuss  Lord  Buchan  ttould  bestow  on  my  funeral." 

This  reflection  will  be  better  understood  by  reference  to 
Lockhart's  Life  of  Seott. 

Buchan,  Peter.  Account  of  the  Family  of  Keith, 
&c.,  Peterhead,  1820,  12mo.  Gleanings  of  Scotch,  Eng- 
lish, and  Irish,  scarce  old  Ballads,  Peterhead.  1825,  ISnio. 

'"A  curious  and  valuable  collection  of  songs,  containing  much 
information  relative  to  their  localities  and  authors."' — Lowndes. 

Witchcraft  Detected  and  Prevented,  or  the  School  of 
Black  Art  newly  opened,  Peterhead,  1826,  ISmo.  Scrip- 
tural anrl  Philosophical  Arguments  ;  or  Cogent  Proofs 
from  reason  antl  revelation  that  Brutes  have  souls,  Peter- 
head, ls24,  I2mo.  Ancient  Ballads  and  Songs  of  the 
Xorth  of  Scotland.  1828.  2  vols.  Svo. 

Buchan,  William,  M.D..  1729-1805,  was  a  native 
of  Ancrum,  Scotland.  Domestic  Medicine,  Lon.,  1709, 
Svo.  This  work  was  received  with  such  favour  that  it  at- 
tained its  19th  edit.  (80,000  copies)  in  the  lifetime  of  tlie 
author.  The  21st  edit,  was  pub.  by  A.  P.  Buchan,  M.D., 
in  1813,  Svo,  (later  edits.,)  and  the  29th  Amer.  edit,  in 
1854.  It  has  been  translated  into  many  European  lan- 
guages. The  Empress  of  Russia  honoured  the  author 
with  an  autograph  letter  and  a  gold  medal.  Advice  to 
Mothers,  Lon.,  ISOIJ,  Svo.     Other  profess,  works. 

Buchanan,  AHan,  d.  1749.  Sermons  on  interesting 
subjects.  Edin.,  1791.  Svo. 

Buchanan,  Andrew.     Rural  Poetry,  1S17,  12mo. 

Buchanan,  Charles.     Sermons,  1710,  12mo. 

Buchanan,  Claudius,  D.I).,  1766-1815.  a  native  of 
Cambuslang,  near  Glasgow.  Scotland,  educated  at  Queen's 
College,  Cambridge,  was  distinguished  for  his  laljorious 
eflForts  to  introduce  Christianity  into  India  and  other  Bri- 
tish possessions.  Eight  Sermons.  Edin,,  1812,  Svo:  of 
these  the  most  celebrated  is  The  Star  in  the  East,  of  which 
a  7th  edit.,  with  three  Jubilee  Sermons,  was  pub.  in  ISIO. 

"Interesting  sermons: — strongly  marked  by  the  various  know- 
ledge, the  spirit  of  fervent  yet  rational  pifty.  and  of  warm  yet  en- 
lightened benevolence,  which  distinguish  the  writings  of  Dr. 
Buchanan." — Lfjn.  Chridiun  Ohtterver. 

Ecclesiastical  Establishment  for  British  India.  Lon., 
1805,  4to.  Christian  Researches  in  Asia,  Lon.,  1811,  Svo; 
5th  edit.,  1812. 

"  A  book  that  greatly  tended  to  excite  the  present  missionary 

spirit." — BiCKEKSTETn. 

Remarks  on  the  Christian  Researches,  by  Major  John 
Scott  Warring.  Lon.,  1812,  Svo.  An  Apology  for  promot- 
ing Christianity  in  India.  Lon.,  181.^,  Svo.  Other  publi- 
cations.     Memoirs  of  the  Life  and  Writings  of  Dr.  Ciau- 

273 


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dius  Buchanan,  by  Dr.  Hugh  Pearson,  Lon.,  1819,  2  vols. 
8vo ;  5th  edit.,  1  vol.  12mo,  1846. 

"  i)r.  Bufh.anan  was  an  eminent  instrument  raised  up  of  God 
and  honoured  by  him,  to  do  much  for  the  Itiniidom  of  our  Lord 
Jesus  Christ  in  India,  and  tn  pive  a  great  impulse  to  the  mission- 
ary spirit  that  had  l>een  liindled  in  our  own  country.  The  Memoir 
of  his  life  is  full  both  of  valuable  information  and  of  profitable 
Christian  tlliuv-dits." — BlCKEItSTETH. 

Buchanan,  David,  a  Scotchman.    Humanse  Animse, 

Paris,  ISat),  Svo.     Histoire  de  la  Conscience,  1638,  12mo, 
A  Short  View  of  the  Present  Condition  of  Scotland,  Lon.,  i 
1645,  4to.     Relation  of  some  main  Passages  of   Things  j 
wherein  the  Scots  are  particularly  concerned,  from   the 
very  first  Beginning  of  these  unhappy  Troubles  to  this 
day,  Lon..  1645.  12mo.  ^       I 

Buchanan,  David.     To  this  gentleman  wo  are  in-  j 
debted  for  the  article  "  Aberdeen"  in  the  7th  edit.  Encyc. 
Brit. 

'■  We  looked  over  the  article  on  Aberdeen,  and  so  correctly  and  j 
recently  has  it  been  written,  that  notice  is  taken  of  the  improve- 
ments in  our  harbour,  which  wei-e  begun  the  other  day." — ^6er- 
deen  Juitrnal. 

Buchanan,  Francis,  Journey  from  Madras  through 
the  Countries  of  Mysore,  Canara,  and  Malabar,  Lon.,  1807, 
3  vols.  4to. 

'•  Buchanan's  Tour  in  the  Mysore  contains  more  valuable  matter 
than  almost  any  other  book  of  Travels.  lie  was. sent  into  the 
countries  he  surveyed  by  order  of  Government,  and.  of  course,  en- 
joyed singular  advantages." — Ri-noitariTs  communication  to  the 
editors  oft/ie  Mines  de  t'Oi-itnt. 

*'  Much  information,  not  well  arranged  or  agreeably  communi- 
cated, on  the  most  valuable  productions  of  these  districts,  on  their 
climate,  manufactures,  and  the  manners,  religion,  &c.  of  then-  in- 
habitants."— 8TEVE.\SnN. 

Account  of  the  Kingdom  of  Nepaul,  <tc.  A-c,  by  Francis 
Hamilton,  (formerly  Buchanan.)  1819,  4to, 

*•  The  same  charicter  applies  to  this  as  the  Torn-  in  the  Mysore 
by  the  same  author." — Stevenson. 

An  Account  of  the  Fishes  in  the  Ganges,  &c.,  Edin., 
1822.  41".     Con.  to  Trans.  Linn.  Society,  1798,  ISOO. 

Buchanan,  George,  1506-1581.  an  eminent  histo- 
rian and  Latin  poet,  was  a  native  of  Killairn,  county  of 
Stirling,    Scotland.     He   was    sent   by   his    uncle,   James 
Horiot,  to  the  University  of  Paris,  where  he  applied  him- 
self to  his  stuilies  with  great  diligence.     After  residing  at 
this  seat  of  learning  for  two  years,  the  death  of  his  uncle 
reduced  him  to  such  poverty,  that  he  was  obliged  to  leave 
the  Uuivensity,  and  enlist  as  a  commou  soldier  in  the  army 
of  the   Duke"  of  Albany,  then  commanding  the  French 
forces  in  Scotland,  and  regent  of  the  kingdom.     After  a 
few  months'  experience  of  military  life,  he  attended  the 
lectures  of  the  celebrated  John  Major,  and  matriculated 
at  the  University  of  St.  Andrew's.     Mnjor  took  his  pupil 
with  him  to  Fr.ance.  and  in  1526  procured  for  him  a  regency 
in  the  College  of  St.  Barbe,  where  he  took  B.A.  in  1527, 
and  M..\.  iu"l52S,  and  gave  instructions  in  grammar;  at 
the  same  time  acting  as  tutor  to  the  young  Earl  of  Cassils, 
with  whom  he  returned  to  Scotland.     On  the  death  of  his 
pu]iil,   James   V.  appointed    Buchanan  preceptor  to  his 
natural  son.  James,  afterw.ards  the  Abbot  of  Kelso,  who 
died  in  1548.     Buchanan  became  an  object  of  di.«like  to 
the  Franciscans  by  two  satires — Somnium  and  Francis- 
canus — directed  against  the  licentious  lives  of  some  mem- 
bers of  this  order.     Franciscanus  was  written  by  command 
of  King  James,  who  suspected  several  of  the  Franciscans 
of  disaflcetion.     Buchanan  was  arrested  on  the  charge  of 
heresy  by  Archbishop  James  Beaton,  and  confined  in  St. 
Andrew's  Castle,   from  whence  he  escaped   to  England. 
Not  meeting  with  encouragement  from  Henry  VIII..  he 
next  visited  Paris,  where  he  found  his  old  enemy,  Cardinal 
Beaton.     He  now  accepted  a  professorship  in  the  College 
of  Guieune,  at  Bordeaux,  where  he  resided  for  three  years, 
when  he  removed  to  Paris,  and  from  1544  to  1547  was  a 
regent  in  the  College  of  Cardinal  le  Moine.     In  the  latter 
year  he  accompanied  his  friend  Andrew  Govea  (late  prin- 
cipal of  the  College  of  Guienne)  to  Portugal.    He  remained 
here  unmolested  until  the  death  of  Govea,  when  upon  the 
charge  of  heresy  he  w,as  confined  in  the  prison  of  the  In- 
quisition for  a  year  and  a  half,  from  whence  he  was  trans- 
ferred to  a  monastery,  to  be  educated  in  the  faith  of  the 
Church  of  Rome.     lie  says  that  here  he  found  the  monks 
moral  in  their  deportment,  but  altogether  ignorant  of  reli- 
gion.    Whilst  secluded  in  this  monastery,  he  composed  his 
celebrated   translation   of  the   Psalms    into    Latin   verse. 
After  regaining  his  freedom  he  visited  England.  Paris,  and 
Scotland,  and  was  appointed  by  the  Earl  of  Moray,  Prin- 
cipal of  St.  Leonard's  College  in  the  University  of  St.  An- 
drew's.    He  embraced  the  cause  of  the  Regent  Moray,  and 
wrote  a  Detection,  &c.,  charging  Queen  Mary  with  adultery 
and  murder.     In  1567  he  was  appointed  Moderator  of  the 
271 


BUG         * 

General  Assembly  of  the  Church  of  Scotland,  which  gave 
great  dissatisfaction  to  many — it  being  alleged  that,  not- 
withstanding his  abilities  and  learning,  being  a  layman, 
he  was  unfitted  for  the  post.  He  accompanied  the  Earl 
of  Moray  to  England,  and  whilst  there  addres.scd  some 
highly  complimentary  verses  to  Queen  Elizabeth.  The 
queen  had  no  dislike  to  praise,  especially  from  the  pen 
of  the  learned,  and  she  settled  upon  him  a  pension  of  £100. 
He  had  previously  been  appointed,  in  an  assembly  of  the 
Scottish  nobility,  tutor  to  King  James  VI.,  and  he  proved 
his  indeiicndence  by  conferring  upon  his  youthful  majesty 
an  application  of  the  birch,  the  fame  whereof  has  come 
down  to  our  day.  He  remarked  of  the  Scottish  Solomon, 
that  he  "  made  him  a  pedant  because  he  could  make  no- 
thing else  of  him."  He  met  with  a  severe  loss  in  the  death 
of  his  patron,  Moray,  who  was  assassinated  in  1570.  In 
the  next  year  Buchanan  was  appointed  one  of  the  Lords 
of  the  Council  and  Lord  Privy  Seal,  which  entitled  him  to 
a  seat  in  Parliament,  For  the  last  years  of  his  life  ha 
was  much  afflicted  with,  ivnd  confined  to  his  house  by,  the 
gout,  and  employed  his  leisure  in  the  preparation  of  his 
History  of  Scotland,  which  occupied  him  at  intervals  for 
12  or  13  years.  It  was  pub.  in  1582,  Edin.,  fol.  The 
plainness  of  some  of  his  strictures  gave  great  offence  to 
the  king,  and  the  author  was  summoned  to  attend  the 
Council,  but  died  before  the  appointed  "  day  of  compear- 
ance." The  aged  historian,  who  had  led  so  troubled  a  life 
from  the  malice  of  his  persecutors,  felt  little  apprehension 
at  this  last  display  of  hostility.  When  told  that  the  king 
was  highly  incensed  at  his  De  Jure  Regni,  and  his  Rerum 
Scoti   ilistoria.  he  replied  that  he 

"■\Vas  not  much  concerned  about  that;  for  be  was  shortly  going 
to  a  place  where  there  were  few  kings."' 

He  ordered  his  servant  to  give  all  his  money  to  the  poor, 
and  said  that  if  those  who  survived  him 

■■  Did  nut  think  proper  to  bury  him  at  their  own  expense,  they 
might  let  him  lie  where  he  was,  or  throw  his  corpse  where  they 
pleased."' 

He  was  accordingly  buried  at  the  expense  of  the  city 
of  Edinburgh.  After  a  life  of  more  than  ordinary  hard- 
ship, thus  was  gathered  to  his  fathers — and  we  trust  to 
that  peaceful  haven  "where  the  wicked  cease  from  trou- 
bling, .and  the  weary  are  at  rest" — one  of  the  most  famous 
scholars  whom  the  world  has  ever  seen. 

Rudimenta   Grammatices   Thomai   Linacri,   Ac.,   1550. 
This  trans,  was  made  whilst  Buchanan  was  tutor  to  the 
Earl  of  Cassils.    Franciscanus,  et  alia  Poemata,  Bas..  1564, 
Svo;  1594,  8vo;    Lugd.  Bat.,  1628,  24mo;    Amst.,  24mo, 
and  1687,  12mo.     Poemata  et  Tragedian,  1609,  Svo.     Ane 
Admonition  direct  to  the  treu  Lordis  maintenaris  of  the 
King's  Grace's  anthoritie,  Stirling,  1571 ;  Lon.,  by  John 
Day7  1571,  Svo;  2d  edit.  1571,  Svo.     De  Maria  Scotorum 
Regina,  totaque   cius  contra  Regem  Conjuratione,  focdo 
cum  Bothuelo  Adulterio,  Ac. :  the  siime  in  the  old  Scotch 
dialect  under  the  title,  Ane  Detection  of  the  duinges  of 
Marie  Qucne  of  Scottes,  touchand   the  murder  of  hir  hus- 
band and  hir  conspiracie,  adulteric,  and  pretended  mar- 
riage with  the  Erie  Bothwell,  Ac;  anon,  and  sine  anno; 
circa  1572,  supposed  to  have  been  printed  by  John  Day, 
London.     If  Buchanan  is  to  be  believed,  there  can  be  but 
little  doubt  of  the  guilt  of  the  fair  Queen  of  Scots ;  but 
upon   this  point  we  express  no  ojunion.     Baptistes,  seu 
Tragedia  de  Calumnia,  Francf ,  1579,  Svo,  and  1578,  Lon- 
dini.    Tragedias  Sacroe  Jephthes  et  Baptistes,  Paris,  1554, 
4to;  Genev.,  1593,  Svo;  Amst,,  1050,  Svo.     The  trans,  of 
Baptistes,   entitled    Tyrannical   Government  anatomized, 
Ac,  16  12.  4to,  is  attributed  by  Peck  (see  his  Life  of  Milton, 
Lon.,  1740,  4to)  to  the  illnstrious  .author  of  Paradise  Lost: 
see  Lowndes's  Bibl.  Manual,  i.  282.     Euripides  Alccstes, 
Ac,  pub.  1816.  Svo.     Diiilogus  de  Jure  Regni  apud  Scotus, 
Edin.,  1579,  4to:  in  English.  1691.  12mo;   Glasg..  1750. 
This  work  greatly  off'ended  King  James  VI. ;  its  pcilitical 
sentiments  are  very  liberal,  and  tend  to  republicanism.     It 
was  answered  by  Adam  Blackwood,  Poict.,  1580,  '81,  Svo, 
(ride  Bl.vck'Wood,  Aoam.)     Rerum  Scoti    Ilistoria.  apud 
Alex.  Arbuthnetum,  Edin.,  1582,  fol. ;  in  English,  Lon., 
1690,  fob 
"In  good  modern  English." — Bishop  Nicolson. 
Trans,  by  William  Bond.  Lon.,  1722,  2  vols.  Svo.     The 
14th,  15th,"l6th,  17(h,  18th,  and  19th  books  of  this  history 
were  pub.  in  English,  Lon.,  1705.  Svo,  under  the  title  of 
An  Impartial  Account  of  the  Affairs  of  Scotland,  Ac.    Pa.- 
raphrasis  Psalmorum  Davidis  Pootica,  Ac,  Antw.,  1567, 
Svo;  Lon..  1582.  16mo.     De  Prosodia  Libellus.Ediu.,  1600, 
Svo.     For  other  publications  of  Buchanan's  pieces,  after 
his  death,  see  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit,  Lowndes's  Bibl.  Manual, 
Dr.  Irving's   Memoirs  of  his  Life  and  Writings.  Ac.     A 
collective  edition  of  his  works  was  pub.  by  Thomas  Rud- 


BUC 


BUG 


diman,  Edin..  1715.  2  vols,  fol.,  and  another  by  Bur- 
man,  IjUfrd.  Jint.,  1725,  2  vols.  4to.  As  a  Latin  poet  it 
■vruukl  be  difficult  to  praise  Buchanan  extravag.'iutly.  He 
did  more  than  imitute  the  classics:  though  *'born  out  of 
due  time/'  his  family  likeness  was  so  strung,  that  a  re- 
inspection  of  his  title-page  could  hardly  convince  you  that 
you  were  reading  the  production  of  a  Scotchman  of  the 
16th  century.  We  quote  some  testimonies  to  his  excellence 
as  a  poet  and  an  historian : 

"  Buchanan  has  excelled  all  bis  brethren  in  the  splendour  as 
well  as  in  the  variety  of  bis  triumphs;  ho  has  rivalled  the  first  fiir 
vourites  of  the  Koman  Muse." 

'■  Buchauan  not  only  excelled  all  that  went  before  him  in  his 
own  country,  but  scarce  had  his  equal  in  that  learned  a.<^e  in  which 
he  lived.  He  spent  the  first  fiameand  raj^e  of  his  fancy  in  poetry, 
in  which  be  did  imitate  Virgil  in  heroics,  Ovid  in  elegiacs,  Lucre- 
tius in  philosophy,  Seneca  in  tragedies.  Martial  in  epigrams.  Homer 
and  Juvenal  in  satires.  He  copied  after  those  great  masters  so 
perfectly,  that  nothiug  ever  approached  nearer  the  original :  and  his 
immortal  Paraphrase  on  the  Psalms  dnth  shew  that  neither  the 
constraint  of  a  limited  matter,  the  darkness  of  expression,  nor  the 
frequent  return  of  the  same  or  the  like  phrases,  could  confine  or 
exhaust  that  vast  genius.  At  last,  in  his  old  age,  when  his 
thoughts  were  purified  by  long  reflection  and  husiness.  and  a  true 
judgment  came  in  the  room  of  one  of  the  richest  fancies  that  ever 
was.  he  wrote  our  History  with  such  beauty  of  style,  easiness  of 
expression,  and  exactness  in  all  its  parts,  that  no  service  or  honour 
could  have  been  done  the  nation  like  it.  had  he  ended  so  noble  a 
work  as  he  begun,  and  carried  it  on  till  James  the  Fifth's  death. 
But,  beiug  unluippily  engaged  in  a  faction,  and  resentment  working 
violently  upon  him,  he  suffered  himself  to  be  so  straugely  biased 
that  in  the  relations  he  gives  of  many  of  the  transactions  of  his 
own  time  he  may  rather  pass  for  a  satirist  than  an  historian." — 
Craw/f/rd's  History  of  the  House  nf  Este:  quoted  by  Mackenzie. 

"It  cannot  be  denied  but  Buchanan  was  a  man  of  admirable 
eloquence,  of  i-are  prudence,  and  of  an  exquisite  judgment:  he 
has  written  the  History  of  Scotland  with  such  elegancy  and  po- 
liteness that  he  surpasses  all  the  writers  of  his  age:  and  he  has 
even  equalled  the  ancients  themselves,  without  excepting  either 
Sallust  or  Titus  Livius.  But  he  is  accused  by  some  of  being  an 
unCiithful  historian,  and  to  have  shewn  in  his  histnry  an  extreme 
aversion  against  Queen  Mary  Stuart;  but  his  masterpiece  is  his 
Paraphrase  upon  the  Psalms,  in  which  he  outdid  the  most  Cimous 
"poets  among  the  French  and  Italians." — Teissieu  :  Eloges  des  Horn- 
mes  SfavanSj  tome  ii. 

It  is  pleasing  to  quote  the  commenclations  of  learned 
foreigners  :  we  give  a  few  others  : 

"  His  style  is  fine  and  pure,  and  the  historian  appears  every  where 

to  speak  the  truth,  as  far  as  it  was  known  to  him He  has 

united  the  brevity  of  Sallust  to  the  elegance  and  perspicuity  of 
Livy:  for  these  were  the  two  authors  that  he  chiefly  intended  to 
imitate:  and  I  do  not  believe  that  any  modern  historian  hath 
better  succeeded  in  imitating  the  historians  of  antiquity.'' — Le 
Clerc  :  liiblintfieqiie  Choviie. 

"  His  History  is  written  with  so  much  purity,  spirit,  and  judg- 
ment, that  it  does  not  appear  to  be  the  production  of  a  man  who 
had  passed  all  his  days  in  the  dust  of  a  school,  but  of  one  who 
had  been  all  his  lifetime  convei-sant  in  the  most  impoi'tant  afi'airs 
of  state.  Such  was  the  greatness  of  his  mind,  and  the  felicity  of 
his  genius,  that  the  meanness  of  his  condition  and  fortune  has  not 
hindered  Buchanan  from  forming  just  sentiments  of  things  of  the 
greatest  moment,  or  from  writinir  concerning  them  with  a  great 
deal  of  judgment." — Thuanus  :  Hisf. ;  i-fV/o  Bayle's  Diet.  We  need 
hardly  caution  the  reader  against  the  ridiculous  slanders  quoted 
by  Bayle. 

The  celebrated  Montaigne  refers  to  Buchanan  as  one  of 
his  domestic  tutors,  and  the  Marshal  de  Brissac  sent  to 
Piedmont  to  invite  him  to  become  preceptor  to  his  son 
Timelou  de  Cose.  It  is  amusing  to  notice  the  continued 
aversion  of  James  VI.  to  Buchanan's  History  of  Scotland. 
In  his  Basilicon-Doron  he  recommends  his  son  to  be  well 
versed  in  authentic  histories,  but  cautions  him — 

"  I  mean  not  of  such  infamous  invectives  as  Buchanan's  or 
Knox's  Chronicles:  and  if  any  of  these  infamous  libels  remain 
until  your  days,  use  the  law  upon  the  keepers  thereof." 

We  have  seen  that  Charles  followed  his  father's  advice, 
and  lost  his  head  by  neglecting  the  principles  of  the  old 
schoolmaster's  De  Jure  Regni.  James  never  forgot  the 
flagellations  by  means  of  which  Buchanan  f|uickened  his 
intellectual  perceptions.  He  used  to  remark,  long  after, 
of  an  eminent  individual,  that  he  "ever  trembled  at  his 
approach  ;  it  minded  him  so  of  his  pedagogue." 

Richard  Harvey  seems  to  have  felt  somewhat  of  the 
same  awe.  In  his  Philadelphos,  or  a  defence  of  Brutes 
and  the  Bnitans  History,  in  answer  to  our  author,  he  thus 
excites  his  courage  for  the  onslaught: 

'■  Master  Bucliauan.  thoush  some  call  y^n  the  trumpet  of  Scot- 
land, and  some  the  noble  scholler,  yet  I  will  be  so  bold  as  answere 
your  larum,  trmcliing  the  history  of  mighty  Brute." 

George  Eglisem  had  the  effrontery  to  claim  that  his 
translation  of  the  Psalms  was  superior  to  Buchanan's,  and 
even  appealed  to  the  University  of  Paris  to  confirm  the 
justice  of  his  criticisms  on  his  illustrious  rival.  Hereupon 
Barclay  remarks,  that 

"It  would  be  more  difficult  to  find  in  Bu-^hanan's  translation 
anv  verses  that  are  not  good,  than  it  would  be  to  find  any  in 
Kglisem's  that  are  not  bad." 

"  The  most  applauded  of  Buchanan's  poetical  works  is  bis  trans-  | 


lation  of  the  Psalms,  particularly  of  the  104th.    This  Psalm  has 
been  translated  into  Latin  by  nine  Scottish  poets.    Eight  of  these 
translations  were  printed  at  Edinburgh.  Ki'JW.  12mo,  together  with 
the  Poetic  Duel  of  Eglisem  with  Buchanan." — Granger. 
Mackenzie  remarks  that 

"Buchanan  executed  this  translation  with  such  inimitable 
sweetness  and  elegancy,  that  this  version  of  the  Psalms  will  be 
esteemed  and  admired  as  long  as  the  world  endures,  or  men  have 
any  relish  for  poetry." — Scotch  \Vriters. 

"It  is  generally  admitted  that  to  Scotland  belongs  the  honour 
of  having  produced  the  fiuest  Latin  version  of  the  Book  of  Psalms. 
At  a  time  when  literature  was  far  from  common  in  Europe.  Bu- 
chanan, then  a  prisoner  in  a  foreign  land,  produced  a  work  which 
has  inmiortalized  his  name,  and  left  scarcely  any  thing  to  be  de- 
sired— as  far  as  the  beauties  of  diction  and  imagery  are  concerned 
— in  a  translation  of  the  sacred  songs.  It  is  not  meant  that  h&, 
has  always  fiiithfully  represented  the  meaning  of  the  orii^inal. 
He  had  not,  perhaps,  a  sufficient  stock  of  Hebrew  knowK'dge  to 
enable  him  to  do  so.  His  studies  and  attainments  were  moiv  of 
a  classical  than  of  a  Biblical  character;  and  bis  principal  aim  was 
to  clothe  the  sentiments  of  David  in  thi^  elegant  drapery  of  Horace 
and  Virgil.  There  are  t%venty-nine  difl"erent  kinds  nf  measure  in 
the  work,  in  all  of  which  be  shows  huw  completely  he  was  master 
of  the  varied  forms  of  Latin  verse.  In  many  of  the  Psiilms  he  has 
succeeded  to  admiration.  The  CIV.  has  frequently  been  selected 
as  one  of  the  finest  specimens  of  sublime  poetry.  ...  A  transla- 
tion of  Buchanan's  Psalms  into  English  verse  was  published  by 
the  Rev.  J.  Cradock,  of  Maryland.  1754,  Svo."— Orm^'s  Bibl.  Bib. 

'' If  we  look  into  Buchanan,  what  can  we  say.  but  that  the 
learned  author,  with  great  command  of  Latin  expression,  has  no 
true  relish  for  the  emphatick  concisc-ness  and  unadorned  sim- 
plicity of  the  inspired  poet?" — Dr.  Beattie. 

The  treatise  De  Jure  Regni  apud  Scofus  is  in  the  form 
of  a  dialogue  between  Buchanan  and  Thomas  Maitland. 
The  latter,  represented  as  lately  returned  from  his  travels, 
complains  to  the  former  of  the  proceedings  against  Mary, 
Queen  of  Scots,  for  tlie  alleged  murder  of  her  husliand, 
Lord  Darnley.  Buchanan  justifies  his  countrymen,  and 
in  the  course  of  his  arguments  assumes  grounds  of  a  cha- 
racter so  democratic  as  to  astonish  the  public  mind  of 
Europe. 

"  This  book  of  Buchanan's  has  been  much  traduced  by  some 
good  kind  of  men,  and  passes  for  a  very  pei-nicious  work.  But, 
after  a  careful  perusal,  I  cannot  view  it  in  this  light:  he  only 
tenches  that  kings  are  not  above  the  laws  that  they  have  sworn 
t<i.  and  that  the  people  may  oblige  them  to  observe  them,  and  that 
wilhiiot  tbis  thev  are  not  bound  to  obey  them." — Le  Clerc: 
Billinf!,o/ii>-  fli'ds-ie. 

■'  It  has  been  reproached  to  this  cultivated  scholar  that  he  gives 
his  sentiments  with  too  much  libevty.  I  am  surprised  that  so 
many  critics  have  concurred  in  this  censure.  Is  there  a  quality 
in  an  author  so  honourable,  so  useful,  as  that  of  expressing  what 
he  thinks?  Is  it  proper  that  science  and  learning  should  be  put 
in  prison,  and  dishonoured  by  confinement  and  fetters?  Mise- 
rable is  that  nation  where  literature  is  under  any  form  but  that 
of  a  i-epublic," — Dr.  Gilbert  Stuvrt. 

"The  dialogue  of  our  illustrious  countryman  Buchanan,  De 
Jure  Regni  apud  Scotus.  though  occasionally  disfigured  by  the 
keen  and  indignant  temper  of  the  writer,  and  by  a  predilection 
fpardonable  in  a  scholar  warm  from  the  schools  of  ancient  Greece 
and  Home)  for  forms  of  policy  unsuitable  to  the  circumstances  of 
modern  Europe,  bears,  nevertheless,  in  its  general  spirit,  a  closer 
resemblance  to  the  political  philosophy  of  the  eighteenth  century, 
than  any  composition  which  had  previously  appeared." — Dcgald 
Stewart:  Ist  Prelim.  I>i.-^s.  1th  edit.  Enci/c.  Brit. 

His  Rerum  Scoti  Historia  has,  according  to  the  different 
politics  of  critics,  elicited  both  warm  commendation  and 
strong  censure.  Its  literary  merit  is  beyond  all  cavil. 
We  have  already  given  some  commendations  of  this  work  : 
we  subjoin  a  few  others : 

"  In  his  old  age  he  applied  himself  to  write  the  Scots'  History, 
which  he  renewed  with  such  judgment  and  eloquence,  as  no  coun- 
try can  show  a  better." — Archbishop  Spotswood. 

But  the  archbishop  disapproves  of  many  of  the  his- 
torian's sentiments,  whilst  he  lauds  the  author's  genius. 
Dr.  Robertson  speaks  much  in  the  same  strain  : 

"If  his  accuracy  and  impartiality  had  been,  in  any  degree,  equ.al 
to  the  elegance  of  his  taste,  and  to  the  purity  and  vicour  of  his 
style,  his  history  might  be  placed  on  a  level  with  the  most  ad- 
mired compositions  of  the  ancients.  But.  instead  of  rejecting  the 
improbable  tales  of  chronicle  writers,  he  was  at  the  utmost  pains 
to  adorn  them:  and  hath  clothed  with  all  the  beauties  and  graces 
of  fiction,  those  legends  which  formerly  had  only  its  wildness  and 
extravaeance." — History  of  ScotJund. 

"Buchanan  is  not  sufficiently  ex.act  in  his  dates,  nor  does  he 
cite  his  authorities;  in  some  parts  of  his  history  he  is  rather  too 
fond  of  the  marvellous,  and  of  putting  fine  speeches  into  the 
mouths  of  his  great  men.  in  imitation  of  the  ancient  historians, 
whose  defects  he  has  copied  as  well  as  their  excellencies," — Le 
Clerc:  Bitiliottieque  Cboisie. 

Conrig  commends  him  as  a  man  of  exquisite  judgment, 
and  Bishop  Burnet  declares  that 

"His  style  is  so  natviral  and  nervous,  and  his  reflections  on 
things  are  so  solid,  that  he  is  justly  reckoned  the  greatest  and 
best  of  our  modern  authors," — Hist,  of  the  Hefrrmatioii. 

"The  composition  of  his  history  betrays  no  symptoms  of  the 
author's  old  age  and  infirmities:  his  style  is  not  merely  distin- 
guished by  its  correctness  and  elegance — it  breathes  all  the  fervent 
animation  of  youthful  genius.  The  noble  ideas  which  so  fre- 
quentlv  rise  in  his  mind,  he  always  expresses  in  language  of  cor- 
respondent dignity.  His  uari-ative  is  extremely  perspicuous,  varie- 

275 


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^ated,  and  interesting;  it  is  silil.mi  .Id  cienf,  and  never  rednndant. 
His  moral  and  political  retlirtioiis  .-ire  pnifiuml  iiiiJ  nuislcrly.  lie 
is  ready  upon  all  occasions  to  viiidirato  the  unalienaMe  ri,;:hts  of 
mankind;  and  he  uniformly  delivers  his  sentiments  with  a  noble 
freedom  and  energy." — Dr.  Irving,  in  Encyc.  Brit.;  q.v. 

When  the  Latinity  of  the  writers  of  the  English  tongue 
is  called  in  question  hy  learned  foreigners,  it  is  no  small 
satisfaction  to  be  able  to  direct  their  attention  to  the  il- 
lustrious poet  of  Scotland,  of  whom  Bishop  Burnet  re- 
marks that 

"In  the  writings  of  Buchanan  there  appears,  not  only  all  tne 
beauty  and  graces  of  the  Latin  tongue,  hut  a  vigour  of  mind,  and 
quickness  of  thought,  far  l)evond  Itemljo.  or  the  other  Itahaiis, 
who  at  that  time  aHected  to  revive  the  purity  of  the  Roman  style. 
It  was  but  a  feeble  imitation  of  Tully  io  them.  In  his  immortal 
poems  he  shews  so  well  how  lie  could  imitate  all  the  lioman  poets 
in  their  several  ways  of  writing,  that  he  who  compiires  them  will 
be  often  tempted  to  prefer  the  copy  to  the  original."— ffis(.  o/  the 
Jiefiirmation. 

We  quote  a  few  lines  from  an  able  and  eloquent  review  of 
.  Buchanan's  writings,  from  Blackwood's  Magazine,  vol.  iii.  ; 
we  commend  the  article  to  the  attention  of  our  readers : 

"Of  all  the  modern  poets  who  have  written  in  Latin,  is  there 
one  who  has  stamped  upon  his  versos  the  impress  of  genius  rioting 
in  its  strength— the  symbol  of  uncontrolled  might— the  full  ma- 
jesty of  Ireedom  ?  If  such  an  one  there  be,  who  shall  deserve,  so 
well,  the  name  of  a  Prometheuf^-the  rival  of  creators— the  con- 
queror of  bondage?  To  those  who  doubt  the  power  of  genius  to 
overcome  even  these  difficulties,  and  achieve  even  these  tri- 
umphs, we  must  address  onlv  one  word — Read  Rcchan.an.'' 

We  are  not  a  little  surpriscil  at  Mr.  Hallam's  estimate 
of  the  merits  of  Buchanan.  Without  denying  him  great 
merit,  he  thinks  him  much  overrated.  In  thus  taking 
ground  against  Henry  Stephens,  Scaliger,  Baillet,  and  "  all 
France,  Italy,  and  (5c"rmany,"  this  eminent  scholar  displays 
a,  commendiible  independence — the  correctness  of  his  judg- 
ment is  another  question — and  he  very  modestly  remarks, 
"  As  I  have  fairly  quoted  those  who  do  not  quite  agree  with  my- 
self, and  by  both  "number  and  reputation  ought  to  weigh  more 
with  the  reader,  he  has  no  right  to  complain  that  I  mislead  his 
taste." — Lit.  Hist,  of  Europe. 

The  distinguished  critic  considers  that"  Jonston's  Psalms 
do  not  fall  short  of  those  of  Buchanan,"  and  he  prefers 
the  poem  of  the  latter  on  the  Sphere  to  any  other  of  his 
poetical  productions.  See  Biog.  Brit.;  Chalmers's  Life 
of  Ruddiman;  Hume;  Robinson  and  Stu.art's  Histories ; 
Laing'sHist.  of  Scotland;  Mackenzie's  Scotch  Writers  ;  Dr. 
David  Irving's  Memoirs  of  Buchanan's  Life  and  Writings. 
Buchanan,  George,  M.D..  President  Royal  Phy- 
sical Society  of  Edinburgh.  Treatise  on  the  Typhus  Fever, 
Baltimore,  1789,  8vo. 

Buchanan,  George.  A  Treatise  on  Road  Making, 
R.iilways,  Wheel  Carriages,  and  the  Strength  of  Animals. 
See  a  notice  of  this  work  in  Donnldson's  Agricult.  Biog. 

Buchanan,  James.     Lingua:  Britannicse  vera  Pro- 

nunciato,  17.57,  Svo.  Other  jihilolog.  works,  1757-70, 12mo. 

Buchanan,  James,  one  of  the  ministers  of  the  High 

Church,   Edinburgh.     Tracts  for  the  Times,  Edin..  lSi.3, 

12mo.     Comfort  in    Affliction,  a   Series   of  Meditations, 

1837,  Svo. 

"  A  most  valuable  work,  which  I  would  affectionately  recommend 
to  every  Christian  mourner."— Rev.  IIuoh  White:  MedHations. 

"They  abound  with  .all  the  characteristics  of  Mr.  Buchanan's 
richly-endowed,  highly-cultivated,  and  thoroughly-matured  mind." 
— Prerbyt.  Jfex'ii'w. 

Improvement  of  AfHiction,  a  sequel  to  the  above,  Edin., 
184S,  Svo; 

"The  utmost  simplicity,  combined  with  exquisite  beauty  and 
elegance  of  composition,  the  most  natural  and  obvious,  yet  full 
and  comprehensive,  views  of  revealed  truth,  characterize  the  vo- 
lume."—  Church  of  Scotlaml  Mtirf:iz>i>'\ 

The  Office  and  Work  of  the  Holy  Spirit,  Edin.,  Svo ;  4th 
ed.,  1843. 

"  Over  these  pages  we  are  persuaded  many  a  reader  will  linger, 
as  the  diversified  features  of  the  divine  administration  are  por- 
trayed, and.  closing  the  volume  reluctantly,  will  wonder  what 
ecstatic  interest  the  personal  narrative  of  redeemed  spirits  inim- 
mortality  must  possess,  since  their  partial  recital  on  eai-th  gives 
rise  to  such  a  fountain  of  feeling." — C^mffrpgatioual  Mjgazinf. 

Buchanan,  James.     Sketches  of  the  History.  Man- 
ners, and  Customs  of  the  Xorth  American  Indians,  lS24,8vo. 
"  The  author  is  absolutely  without  any  qualifications  whatever 
for  tin-  t.'.sk  he  has  undertaken."- Z/m.  Quarterli/  llrrieu: 

Buchanan,  John.     Two  Assize  Sermons,  1793,  Svo. 
Buchanan,  John  Lanny.     Travels  in  the  Western 
Helnides  from  1782  to  17ilO,  Lon.,  1793.  Svo. 

"  A  statistical  account,  containing  much  interesting  information, 
written  expres.sly  to  point  out  means  of  improvement." — Lowspes. 
A  Defence  of  the  Scots  Highlanders  against  Pinkerton, 
Lon.,  1794,  Svo.  The  author  opposes  Pinkcrton's  theory 
as  to  the  early  history  of  the  Scots  nation.  A  General 
View  of  the  Fisheries  of  Great  Britain,  Lon.,  1794.  Svo. 

Buchanan,  Robert,   D.D.,  of  Glasgow.     The  Ten 
Years'  Conflict,  being  the  History  of  the  Disruption  of  the 
Church  of  Scotland,  Edin.,  1849,  2  vols.  Svo. 
270 


BUG 

"  For  a  complete  and  full  study  of  the  Scotttsh  Church  question, 
as  it  has  been  termed.  Ur.  liuchanau's  elaborate  and  able  work 
funiiaes  ample  materials.  ...  In  a  literary  point  of  view,  the 
work  is  one  of  very  hiu'h  meiit.  ...  A  work  produced  at  such  » 
time  and  by  one  so  amply  qualitied,  cannot  tail  to  go  down  to 
future  a"es  as  a  full  and  authentic  record  of  the  recent  remarkable 
controve'isv,  bearing  the  stamp  of  the  high  moral  courage  which 
braved  the  severest  possible  test,  and  the  moral  veracity  in  which 
that  test  Ibund  no  flaw."— iVwrt  liriti.^h  Bex-iew.  .  ,    .  .    ,. 

"  A  clear  and  masterly  exposition  of  the  causes  which  led  to  the 
'Conflict,'  and  the  varied  aspects  which  it  exhibited  from  its  com- 
mencement, in  1833.  to  its  issue  in  1.S43."— £ccm<7c(ica!  Mag. 

Buchanan,  Robertson,  Civil  Engineer.  Essays 
on  Mill  Work,  Ac,  1814,  3  vols.  Svo.;  2d  edit.,  1823,  Svo. 
Other  profess,  works.  1807-16. 

Buchanan,  William,  of  Auchmar.  Essay  upon  the 
Family  and  Surname  of  Buchanan,  Glasg.,  1723,  4to ; 
Edin.,"  1775,  Svo:  the  latter  contains  additional  matter. 

Buchanan,  William.  Reports  of  certain  remark- 
able Cases  in  the  Court  of  Session,  and  Trials  in  the  High 
Court  of  Justiciary,  1813,  Svo. 

Buchanan,  William.  Memoirs  of  Painting,  Lon., 
1824.  2  vols.  Svo.     A  valuable  work. 

Buck,  Adam.  100  Engravings  from  Paintings  and 
Greek  Vases,  L..n.,  1812,  Svo. 

Buck,  Charles,  1771-1S15,  an  exemplary  minister, 
was  successively  stationed  at  .Sheerness,  Hackney,  and 
London.  Anecdotes.  Religious,  Moral,  and  Entertaining, 
Lon.,  1799,  12mo;  6th  edit,  corrected,  1S15,  2  vols.  12mo; 
vol.  3,  ISlfl,  Svo  ;  10th  edit.,  1842,  12mo;  1  vol. 

"  The  best  collection  of  facts  of  this  nature  ever  formed  in  the 
En"lish  language.  .  .  .  The  work  will  afford  valmable  assistance 
to  \he  religious  teacher  in  his  intercourse  with  mankind."— Br.  E. 

'ATheological  Dictionary,  Lon.,  1802,  2  vols.  Svo;  1S21, 
Svo,  and  since  much  improved  by  Kev.  Dr.  Henderson ; 

1847,  Svo  ;  pp.  788. 

"  A  very  excellent  and  useful  book,  the  result  of  much^  lalKlur 
and  investigation,  and  a  remarkabi    '  '     '  "       '  ^  j  c. 


.cB.i  ..,..>..,  .. .-  .-" -  talent  for  clearness  of  defini- 
tion a"nd  des'criptVo'n.  "Tlie  diligence  of  the  author  has  rendered  it 
very  copious;  and  the  soundness  of  his  understanding  has  made 
it  abundantly  instructive.  It  is  in  gener.al  free  from  bigotry,  and 
may  be  used  advantageously  by  Protestants  of  all  descriptions,  and 
iudeed  bv  all  Christians."— Bntis'i  fW/fc. 

"  On  theological  and  ecclesiastical  subjects  the  information  which 
it  contains  is  sound  and  comprehensive."— Dr.  E.  WiLUiMS. 

Other  works. 

Buck,  Daniel  Dana,  b.  1814.  in  New  Hampshire, 
Theological  writer.  Exposition  of  the  24th  Chap,  of  Mat- 
thew, 8vo,  1853. 

Buck,  Sir  George.     See  Bnc. 

Buck,  J.  W.  Reports  of  Cases  in  Bankruptcy  from 
ISlC)  to  1820.  Lon.,  1S21,  r.  Svo. 

Buck,  or  Bucke,  James.     Theological   treatises, 

Lon.,  1639,  '60,  4to.  .„         ^   ^  ,^ 

"One  of  those  great  and  good  men  whose  works  wiU  ever  be  held 
in  hiL'h  estimation  by  those  who  are  on  their  way  to  Zion  with 
their  faces  thitherward." 

Buck,  Maximilian.  Sermons,  1703,  '04,  '18,  Svo. 
Buck,  Robert.  Sermon,  Matt.  vi.  13,  Svo. 
Buck,  Samuel  and  Nathaniel.  Views  of  Bums 
of  the  most  noted  Castles  and  Abbeys  in  England,  Lon., 
1721,  3  vols.  fol.  Antiquities,  or  Venerable  Remains  of 
above  fiuir  hundred  Castles,  Monasteries,  Palaces,  Ac,  in 
England  and  Wales,  Lon.,  1774,  3  vols.  fol. ;  first  pub. 
1727-40  in  sets.  An  original  subscription  set  was  sold — 
Beckf.nd.  in  1817— for  £53  lis. 

Bucke,  Charles,  17S1-1S47,  a  native  of  Worlington, 
Sufftdk,  England.  The  Beauties,  Harmonies,  and  Sub- 
limities of  Nature,  Lon.,  4  vols.  Svo;  new  edition,  en- 
larged, 1837,  3  vols.  Svo. 

"  One  of  the  most  beautiful  works  I  ever  read ;  it  stands  at  the 
very  head  of  its  class  in  modern  times."— Sir  J.*mes  Mackiktosii. 
"'What  has  been  said  of  Lord  Racon  may,  with  great  truth,  be 
applied  to  Mr.  Rucke.  that  'his  feeling  for  Nature  was  the  main 
side  on  which  his  philosophy  ran  into  poetry,  and  vented  itself  in 
a  very  graceful,  as  well  as  grand,  enthusiasm,  befitting  one  of  the 
High-Priests  of  Wisdom.'  "—Lon.  Littrarii  Chronich. 
Book  of  Human  Character,  Lon.,  2  vols.  12mo. 
"It  is  no  exaggeration  to  s.ay.  that  to  have  read  the  books  re- 
ferred to,  and  quoted  from,  in  this  olio,  must  h.ave  been  the  work 
of  a  man's  life.    The  very  names  of  the  poets,  philosophers,  and 
painters,  scattered  through  the  volumes,  render  them  precious."— 
Lon.  At>ien(Funi.  .     „     ,        ,,    .u 

"  Of  his  style  nothing  can  be  said  but  in  praise."— £o?i.  Mmithlij 
Eerifw. 

The  Book  of  Table  Talk,  Lon.,  2  vols.,  12mo. 
"  This  entertaininc  book  is  just  one  to  bake  up.  read  a  bit  of,  and 
lav  down,  at  any  idle  hour."— ion.  Lilrrary  Gualte. 

""The  spiritual  attribute  ofTabli^talk  is  to  be  amusing ;  and  the 
volumes  before  us  are  rich  in  that  quality." — i"".  Atheiifrum. 

Bnckeriilge,  or  Buckritlge,  John,  D.D..  d.  163], 
educated  at.  and  Fellow  of.  St.  John's  College,  Oxf.,  and 
made  President  thereof.  1005  ;  Canon  of  Windsor,  1606  ; 
Bishop  of  Rochester,  1611 ;  translated  to  Ely,  1626.     Ser- 


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mon  on  Romans  xiii.  5,  Lon.,  1606,  4to.     De  Potestat« 
Pupi«  in  Rebus  Temporalibus,  &c.,  Lon,,  IfiH,  4to. 

'•In  whicli  bouk  he  hath  so  shaken  the  papal  monarchy,  and  its 
BuptTiuiitv  uvtT  kings  antl  princes,  tliat  nune  of  tlie  learned  men 
ot  tiiat  party  did  ever  undertake  a  reply  unto  it." — Allien.  Oxon. 
Bishop  Buc-keriilge  printeil  some  other  sermons,  1018,  Ac. 
Buckliam,   P.  \V.     Remarks  on  the  Phytolacca  Do- 
dccandra.  or  iMustaril-Tree  of  the  Scriptures,  Lou.,  1S2(,  8vo. 
'■Mr.  Frost's   hypothesis   is   controverted  with  much   learning 
and  ingenuity  by  the   Rev.  Mr.  Buckhani,  who  arjiues  that  the 
tree  iutended  is  the  common  mustard-tree,  and  who  has  collected 
numerous  p.-tssages  from  ancient  botanical  writers,  and  from  mo- 
dern travellers  and  botanical  authors,  in  support  of  his  argument.'* 
— T.  H.  HoENE. 

See  Sir  Thomas  Browne's  view  of  this  subject  in  bis  Mis- 
cellanies: Works,  edited  by  Wilkin,  pub.  by  H.  fi.  Bohn, 
Lon.,  185o,  3  vols. 

Buckliurst.     .*ce  Sackville. 
Buc'kiii^liam,  Duke  of.     See  Villiers. 
Buckingham  and  Chandos,  Duke  of.   Memoirs 
of  the  Court  ami  Cabinets  of  (ieorge  the  Third:  from  Ori- 
ginal Family  Documents,  Lon.,  2  vols.  8vo;  2d  ed. 

'■A  very  remarkable  and  valuable  publication.  The  Duke  of 
Buckingham  has  himself  undertaken  the  task  of  Winning  a  history, 
from  the  papers  of  his  grandfather  anil  great-uncle,  the  Earl  Tem- 
ple tflrst  Marcpiis  of  Buckingham)  and  Lord  Grcuville,  of  the  days 
of  the  second  Wni.  Pitt.  .  .  .  The  duke  has  moulded  his  material 
with  no  ordinary  ability  and  skill." — Lon.  Titiuys. 

"These  volumes  are  a  treasure  for  the  politician  and  a  mine  of 
wealth  for  the  historian." — Britannia. 

Buckingham,  James  Silk,  b.  17S6,  at  the  village 
of  Flushing,   near  Falmouth,  England;  died  in  London, 
1855.     "  He  established  in    London  the  Oriental   Herald, 
which  became  the  precursor  of  several  similar  journals, 
and   the  Athenaeum,   which  is   now   the   leading  literary 
journal  among  those  which  are  published  weekly."     He 
was  well   known   to   the  world  as  a  lecturer.  Member  of 
Parliament,  and  especially  as  an  enterprising  traveller. 
Travels  in  Palestine,  Lon.,  1822,  2  vols.  8vo. 
"This  work  is  both  interesting  and  valuable  in  more  than  en 
ordinary  degree.     It  suggests  some  importiint  correctious  of  geo- 
graphical errors,  and  adds  considerably  to  our  knowledge  of  the 
less-frequented  regions.    Mr.  Buckingham  is  a  very  clever,  observ-  I 
ant,  and  meritorious  traveller." — Lftn.  E<:l':ctic  Review.  \ 

Travels  among  the  Arab  Tribes  inhabiting  the  Countries 
east  of  Syria  and  Palestine,  itc,  1825,  4to.  Travels  in 
Mesopotamia,  ic,  ls27.  4to;  2d  ed..  2  vols.  8vo. 

"One  of  the  most  valuable  contributions  that  have  been  made 
in  modern  times  to  a  knowledge  of  the  ancient  and  modern  state 
of  Asia." — Lon.  Globe. 

Travels  in  Assyria,  Media,  and  Persia,  1829,  4to;  2d  { 
ed.,  1830,  2  vols.  8vo.  I 

"This  volume  may  be  pronounced  more  interesting  than  any  of 
Mr.  Buckingham's  former  Travels,  as  it  chiefly  consists  of  personal 
narrative." — Lon.  Monthly  Review. 

Tour  of  Belgium,  Rhine,  .Switzerland,  &c.,  2  vols.  Svo. 
Tour  in  France,  Piedmont,  Lombardy,  kc,  2  vols.  8vo. 
National  Evils  and  Practical  Remedies,  Svo.  Coming 
Era  of  Reform,  8vo.  Evils  of  the  Present  System  of  Popu- 
lar Elections,  12mo.  Parliamentary  Evidence  on  Drunken- 
ness, Svo.  Sketch  of  his  'Voyages,  Travels,  Writings,  kc. 
Svo.  America:  Historical,  Statistic,  and  Descriptive, — viz.: 
Northern  States,  .3  vols. ;  Eastern  and  Western  States,  3 
vols. ;  Southern  or  Slave  States,  2  vols. ;  Canada,  Nova 
Scotia,  New  Brunswick,  and  the  other  British  Provinces  in 
North  America,  1  vol. :  together,  9  vols.  Svo,  Lon.  1841-43. 
"A  very  entire  and  comprehensive  view  of  the  United  States, 
diligently  collected  by  a  man  of  great  acuteness  and  observation." 
— Lon.  Literary  Gazette. 

'•  Mr.  Buckingham  goes  deliberately  through  the  States,  treating 
of  all,  historically  aud  statistically, — of  their  rise  and  progress, 
their  manufactures,  trade,  population,  topography,  fertility,  re- 
sources, morals,  manners,  and  education.  His  volumes  will  be 
found  a  storehouse  of  knowledge." — Lon.  Alhenxum. 

"  I  am  able  to  bear  a  witness's  testimony  to  the  accuracy  of  the 
first  three  volumes  of  your  work  on  America,  which  were  my  com- 
panions in  my  recent  travels  through  that  country ;  and  I  found 
that  their  truth,  research,  and  general  impartiality,  independently 
of  higher  results,  made  them  most  useful  and  satisCictory  guides 
and  text-books.  .  .  .  Vou  have  so  fully  occupied  the  whole  ground 
that  my  abstaining  from  treading  in  your  footprints  cannot  fail 
to  be  generally  acquiesced  in." — Lord  Morpeth  to  the  Author. 

Autobiography,  1855,  2  vols.  p.  Svo.  His  death  occur- 
ring  at  this  time,  the  third  and  fourth  volumes,  which 
were  ready  for  the  press,  were  not  published.  The  MS. 
journals  of  his  various  travels  occupy  28  folio  volumes 
closely  written. 

Buckingham,  Joseph  T.,  b.  1779,  at  Windham, 
Connecticut,  is  extensively  known  in  the  United  States  as 
a  journalist  of  great  experience.  From  1802  to  '15  he 
was  a  publisher  in  Boston,  and  from  1805  to  '14  issued 
The  Polyanthus,  a  monthly  magazine.  Mr.  B.  has  also 
been  connected  with  The  Ordeal,  pub.  for  six  months  in 
1809;  The  Comet,  1814-15;    The  New  England  Galaxy 


and  Masonic  Magazine,  1817-28;  The  Boston  Courier, 
1824-48  :  The  New  England  Magazine,  1832-36.  1.  Speci- 
mens of  Newspaper  Literature,  with  Personal  Memoirs, 
Anecdotes,  and  Reminiscences.  Best.,  1850,  2  vols.  12mo. 
2.  Personal  Memoirs  and  Recollections  of  Editorial  Life, 
Bost.,  1852.  2  vols.  lOmo.  These  works  should  be  in  every 
American  library,  and  in.ay  also  claim  the  attention  of  the 
Engli-sh  collector,  as  embodying  a  history  of  British  Colo- 
nial periodical  literature. 

Buckingham,  Thomas,  d.  1731,  minister  at  Con- 
necticut, pub.  an  Election  Sermon,  entitled  Moses  and 
Aaron,  in  1728. 

Buckland,  A.  C.  Letters  on  Early  Rising.  Letters 
to  an  Attorney's  Clerk;  completed  by  W.  H.  Buckland, 
Lon.,  1844,  12mo. 

"  Among  all  the  kind  advisers  who  have  undertaken  to  teach  the 
young  attorney  how  to  rise,  -Mr.  Buckland  is  perhaps  the  most 
sensible  aud  valuable."— ion.  Monllily  Review. 

Buckland,  Francis  T.,  Assistant-Surgeon  2d  Life- 
Gnards,  eldest  son  of  the  late  Dr.  W.  Buckland,  the  geolo- 
gist, b.  1823,  was  educated  at  Oxford.  Curiosities  of  Na- 
tural History,  1858,  1  vol.  fp.  Svo,  illustrated.  Third  edi- 
tion published  within  six  months  of  its  first  appearance. 
Buckland,  John.  Sermon,  Lon.,  1S09.  4to. 
ISiickland,  Ralph,  b.  about  1564,  d.  1611.  a  native 
of  Wot  llaptre.  Somersetshire,  was  entered  of  Magdalene 
College,  O.vford,  1570.  became  a  Roman  Catholic,  and  spent 
seven  years  in  Douay  College,  was  ordained  priest,  aud 
sent  as  a  missionary  to  EngUand,  where  he  laboured  for 
twenty  yeiirs.  A  Trans,  of  the  Lives  of  the  Saints,  from 
Surius.  A  Persuasive  against  Frequenting  Protestant 
Churches,  12mo.  Seven  Sparks  of  the  Enkindled  Flame, 
12mo:  for  an  account  of  Archbishop  Usher's  sermon  on 
this  book,  see  Athen.  Oxon.  An  Embassage  from  Heaven, 
Svo.  De  Persecutione  Vandalica:  a  trans,  from  the  Latin 
of  'Victor.  Bishop  of  Biserte  or  Utica. 

Buckland,  The  Very  Rev.  William,  Dean  of  West- 
minster, 1784-1856,  b.  at  Axininster,  Devon,  educated  at 
and  Fellow  of  Corpus  Chfisti  College.  Oxford,  was  appointed 
Reader  in  Mineralogy  in  1S13,  Reader  in  Geology,  1816, 
j  Dean  of  Westminster,  1845.  The  devotion  with  which  Dr. 
B.  has  pursued  his  favourite  subject  is  well  known  to  the 
world.  VindiciffiGeologica;;  or.  The  Connection  of  Geology 
with  Religion  Explained,  pp.  38.  Reliquiae  Diluviana>;  or, 
Observations  on  the  Organic  Remains  contained  in  Caves, 
Fissures,  and  Diluvial  Gravel,  and  on  other  Geological  Phe- 
1  nomen.a,  attesting  the  Action  of  an  Universal  Deluge.  Lon., 
1823, 4to.  Geology  and  Mineralogy  consulered  with  Refer- 
ence to  Natural  Theology;  2d  ed.,  1S37,  2  vols.  Svo:  vol. 
i..  Geology  and  Mineralogy;  vol.  ii.,  Plates,  with  explana- 
tions: Bridgewater  Treatise.  The  £1000  received  by  the 
learned  and  liberal  Dr.  B.  are  said  to  have  been  expended 
by  him  on  the  plates  of  this  work.  Read  a  review  of  the 
I  same  in  the  Lon.  Quarterly  Review,  Ivi.  31,  where  many 
quotations  are  given  from  the  volume: 

"  We  must  here,  however  unwillingly,  bring  to  a  conclusion  our 
quotations  from  this  most  instructive  and  interesting  volume,  of 
which  every  page  is  pregnant  with  facta  inestimably  precious  to  the 
natural  theologian, — offering,  as  we  unfeignedly  do,  our  sincere 
acknowledgments  to  Dr.  Buckland  for  the  industry  and  research 
he  has  devoted  to  the  performance  of  his  task,  and  for  the  com- 
manding eloquence  with  which  he  has  called  forth  the  very  stocka 
and  stones  that  have  been  buried  for  countless  ages  in  the  deep  re- 
cesses of  the  earth,  to  proclaim  the  universal  agency  throughout 
all  time  of  one  all-directing,  all-pervading  Mind,  and  to  swell  the 
chorus  in  which  all  creation  'hyums  his  praise'  and  bears  witness 
to  his  unlimited  power,  wisdom,  and  benevolence." 

See  also  Dubl.  Univ.  Mag.,  viii.  692,  and,  for  a  notice  of 
Reliquiie  Diluvianae,  Chris.  Month.  Spec.  vi.  415.  Some 
strictures  upon  Dr.  Bucklnnd's  theory  of  the  Caves,  pro- 
posed in  the  Reliquiae  Diluvianse,  will  be  found  in  the  Rev. 
George  Bugg's  .Scriptural  Theology,  Lon.,  1827,  2  vols.  Svo. 
See  Fairholme's  Phvs.  Demons.,  Ac  of  the  M.  Deluge, 
Lon.,  183S,  Svo.  Dr.  B.  pub.  in  1839  The  Sentence  of  Death 
at  the  Fall.     See  Lon.  (ient.  Mag.,  .Sept.  1856,  384. 

Buckle,  Henry  Thomas.  History  of  Civilization 
in  England,  1857:  vol.  i.,  Svo,  pp.  860.  Censured  in  Lon. 
Athen.,  1857,  S50.  Reviewed  in  North  British  Review, 
July,  1858.  Vol.  ii.  pub.  1858  :  N.  York,  1858.  2  vols.  Svo. 
This  work  has  been  unfavourably  noticed  in  several  of  the 
British  quarterlies,  and  commended  by  Lon.  Month.  Mag., 
Bost.  Christian  Examiner,  Ac. 

Buckle,  R.  Bentley,  Archdeacon  of  Dorset.  A 
Charge  to  the  Clergy  in  Juue.  1843,  Dorches.,  1843,  Svo. 

Buckle,  William.  A  Catechism  compiled  from  the 
Book  of  Common  Prayer,  Lon.,  1S07,  12mo. 

Buckler,  Benjamin,  D.D.,  1716-1780,  was  educated 
at  Oriel  College,  Oxford.    He  became  a  Fellow  of  All  Souls' 
CoUefc,  where  he  proceeded  B.D.,  1755,  D.D..  1759.     He 
"  277 


BUG 


BUD 


assisted  his  (Vie.a  Sir  Ayim.,u  BWUstonc  -  hi.  reseo^d^s  ^f  ^^'iS  ™ 'a^^ll^S  StS^mu  o^K^r^LllelS 

respecting  the  rights  of   iellowshiij,  Ac.  m  All  .Souls   Gol-  ^'»;j',„.i„j„.,|  ,,.„,„, ks.'-BicKEBsTtTH. 

lege,  and  drew  »p  the  Stemmiita  Cbieheleana,  or  a  (renea-  ^        -     --       _.      -  ..    ,     „  „ 

lo"ical   Account  of  some   of  the    Families  derived  froil 


Thomas  Chicele,  of  Higham  Ferrars ;  forming 
Supplement,  2  vols.  4to  in  1.  Oxford,  17()i-75. 
plete  Vindication  of  the  Mallard  of  All  Souls 
Lon.,  1750,  Svo.  For  an  account  of  this  amusing 
Tersy,  see  Chalmers's  Biog.  Diet.,  and  Nichols 


with  the 
A  Corn- 
College, 
contro- 
l's Lit.  Anec- 
dotes.    A  Reply  to  Dr.  Huddcsford's  Ohs.,  Oxf.,  1756,  ito. 
Sermtuis,  170'.). 

BiicUler,Edivard.  Queries  on  the  Oiith,  Lon.,  ICiii.  fol. 

Buckler,  E.  II.    Views  of  SoulhwoU  Church,  Lon.,  lid. 

Buckler,  Jolui  Chessell.     Views  of  the  Cathedral 

Churches  of  England  and  Wales,  Lon.,  1H22,  r.  4to.     Obs. 

on  the  Original  Architecture  of  St.  Mary  Magdalen  College, 

Oxford,  Ac.,  Lon.,  182.'!,  Svo. 

'•  A  tract  containing  much  information  on  early  architecture.  — 

Buckler,  Thomas  II.,  M.D.  Etiology,  Pathology, 
and  Treatment  of  Fibro-Bronchitis  and  Rheumatic  Pneu- 
monia. Phila.,  1853,  Svo. 

Buckley,  Francis.     Trial  of  Col.  Andrews,  Lon., 

Buckley,  J.  W.    Sermons,  Brighton  it  Lon.,  18-13-50. 

Buckley,  Saml.     Letters  to  Dr.  Mead  concerning  a 

new  edit,  of  Thuanus's  Historv,  Lon.,  1728,  Svo.     Thuani 


llist..rinrum,  Ac.  per  Sam.  Buckley,  Lon.,  1733,  7  vols. 

Buckley,  Theodore  William  Alois,  1825-1856; 
educated  at  O.\lord,  where  he  was  greatly  distinguished 
for  hi.s  learning;  Ijccame  one  of  the  chaplains  of  Christ 
Church,  O.xford,  and  subsequently  removed  to  London, 
where  he  edited  for  the  booksellers  a  number  of  the  Greek 
and  Latin  classics,  ic,  (some  of  which  he  also  translated 
into  English,)  and  several  English  works.  He  also  contri- 
buted largelv  to  periodicals.   See  Lou.  (Jeut.  Mag.,  March, 

1856,  314-316.  ,    „   t.t  at 

Buckman,  James,  in  conjunction  with  C.  N.  JNew- 
marsh,  Esci.,  has  favoured  the  puldio  with  illustrations  of 
the   Remains   of   Roman  Art  in   Cirencester,   the  site  of 
Ancient  Corinium,  Svo  and  4to.     See  Lon.  Archseol.  Jour. 
Buckrainster,  Joseph,  d.  1792,  aged  72,  a  minister 
of  Rutland,  Massachusetts,  pub.  severaldiscourses,  1759,  &c. 
Buckminster,  Joseph,  1751-1812,  son  of  the  pre- 
ceding, a  minister  of  Portsmouth,  Mass.,  pub.  some  occa- 
sionarserms..  1787-1811.    See  Lee,  Mus.  Eliza  B..  No.  4. 
Buckminster,  Joseph  Stevens,  son  of  the  pre- 
ceding, 1784-1812,  a  native  of  Portsmouth,  New  Hamp- 
Bhiro,  displayed  uncommon  literary  abilities  at  a  very  early 
age.     He  entered  Harvard  College  in  1797,  took  B.A.  ISflO, 
and  was  appointed  minister  of  the  Brattle  Street  Unitarian 
Society  in  Boston,  1805.    His  ill  health  obliged  him  to  travel 
in  Europe  in  1806-07.  In  ISll  he  was  appointed  First  Prof, 
of  Biblical  Criticism  at  Cambridge,  but  died  before  he  had 
entered  upon  his  duties.     As  a  preacher  aud  accomplished 
scholar,  Mr.  Buckminster  attained,  although  so  young  in 
years,   great  reputation.      In   1808  he  superintended   an 
Amer.  ed.  of  Griesbach's  Greek  Testament,  and  contem- 
plated further  labours  in  the  same  field.     His  Serms.  were 
pub.  in  1S14,  (Lon.,  1827,)  and  a  second  vol.  in  1829.    His 
works,  with  ]NIeinoir,  were  pub.  in  Lomhui,  2  vols.  p.  Svo. 
Buckminster,  Thomas.    Right  Christian  Calendar, 
Lon..  1570,  Svo.     New  Aliuananke,  Lon.,  15S3,  Svo. 

Bueknall,  Thomas.  The  Orchardist, Lon.,  1797,  Svo. 
Buckner,   John,    Bishop   of  Chichester.     Sermons, 
1798,  l.SOII.  '02,  '12.     A  Charge,  1797. 

Buckridge,  Thomas,  Rector  of  Merrow,  Surrey, 
Six  Sermons,  Lon.,  1767,  8vo.  ^  ,»„,    r, 

Buckridys.     Letter  on  Conformity,  Lon.,  1704,  loi. 
Buckworth,    J.,    Vicar    of    Dcwsbury,    Yorkshire. 
Twenty  Discourses  on  Doctrinal,  Experimental,  aud  Prac- 
tical Religion,  Leeds,  1812,  12mo. 
Budd,  Edward.     Political  tracts,  1809,   10. 
Budd,  George,  M.D.,  Prof,  of  Medicine  m  Kings 
CoUce,  Lon.    Treatise  on  Diseases  of  the  Liver,  Lon.,  Svo ; 
2d  ed?,  1852.    2  Amer.  edits.    Lectures  on  the  Organic  Dis- 
eases and  Functional  Disorders  of  the  Stomach,  Lon.,  Svo. 
"We  cannot  too  strongly  recommend  the  diligent  study  of  this 
volume.     The  work  cannot  fail  to  rank  the  name  of  its  antiior 
amoii"  the  most  enliKhtencd   pathologists   and   soundest  practi- 
tiont-rs  of  the  Aa.y."—iItdlc'i-Chini.rciical  Review. 

Budd,  Henry,  Rector  of 'VVhite-Roothing.  The^Con- 
demncd  Cell,  1813.  Considering  the  Poor,  1813.  Silent 
Preacher,  12mo.  Baptismal  Education,  2  vols.  12mo. 
Infant  Baptism  the  Means  of  National  Reformation,  1827, 

'39.  '41,  12mo.  „    „  ^„   ,     ,    •, 

"  Invaluable  as  are  the  incidental  topics  in  Mr.  Budd  a  book,  it 
is  too  discursive  exactly  to  answer  that  which  seems  desu'aWe,— a 
278 


Budd.  R.  H.  The  Foot  ,d'  the  Hor.se.  1816,  Svo. 
Budd,  Thomas  Allibone,  an  eminent  lawyer  of 
Philadelphia,  has  pub.  several  addresses,  Ac,  and  is  the 
author  of  the  Life  of  John  Dickinson,  in  the  National 
Portrait-tJallery  of  Distinguished  Americans. 

Buddon.  John,  1566-1620,  entered  Merton  College, 
Oxl..r.l.  l.'iS2.  was  made  Doctor  in  Civil  Law,  1002,  Prin- 
cipal of  New  Inn,  1009,  and  shortly  alter  King's  Professor 
of  Civil  Law,  and  Principal  of  Broadgate's  Hall.  Life  of 
William  of  Waynflete,  founder  <if  Magdalen  College,  in 
Latin,  Oxon.,  1602,  4to  ;  also  the  Life  of  Archbishop  Mor- 
ton, Lon.,  1607,  Svo.  A  Discourse  lor  Parents  Honour-  and 
Authority  over  their  Children,  Lon.,  1614,  Svo,  trans,  from 
the  Frcncdi  of  Peter  Frodius.  He  also  made  some  trans- 
lations from  the  Latin. 

"  He  was  a  person  of  great  eloquence,  an  excellent  rhetorician, 
pbilosophfr.  and  a  most  noted  civilian.  "—vl»ie/i.  Oxon. 

Buddicom,  Robert  Peddcr,  d.  1846,  ineumhent 
of  St.  George's.  Evcrton,  near  Liverpool.  Forty-two  ser- 
mons, Lon.,  1836,  2  vols.  12mo.  Friend,«hip  with  God, 
1839.  2  vols.  ]2mo.     Other  theological  works. 

Buddie,  George.    Evangelical  Fasts.  Lon..  1699. 4to. 
Buddie,  Johm    Treatises  on  Accidents  in  Coal  Mines, 
1814-17  I   the  Wire-Gauze  Safe-Lamp. 

Buddo,  John.     Essay,  &c.,  1801,  '03,  Svo. 
Biidsc,  J.     Practical  Miner's  Guide,  1825,  r.  Svo. 
IJudgc,  Joseph.     Middlesex  Elections,  1802,  '04. 
Buduoll,  Eustace,  1685-1736,  a  son  of  Gilbert  Bud- 
gell,  D.b.,  a  native  of  St.  Thomas,  near  Exeter,  was  edu- 
cated at  Christ  Church,  Oxford.     Removing  to  London,  he 
was  entered  of  the  Miildle  Temple,  his  father  having  se- 
lected the  Law  as  a  suitable  profession  for  the  display  of 
the  uncommon  abilities  of  his  son.     But  the  young  man 
had  acquired  a  literary  taste,  which  interfered  with   the 
requisite  application  to  his  new  duties.     He  lacked  suffi- 
cient self-denial  to  indite  a  Farewell  to  his  Muse,  (see 
Blackstose,  Sin  William,)  and  was  far  more  disposed  to 
cultivate  her  acquaintance.     He  had  the  good  sense  to  seek 
an  intimacy  with  Addison,  also,  6rst  cousin  to  Budgell's 
mother,  and  his  celebrated   relative,  who  had   been  ap- 
pointed Secretary  to  the  Earl  of  Wharton,  Lord  Lieutenant 
of  Ireland,  gave  him  a  clerkship  in  his  office.     Budgell 
had  now  secured  a  position  which  with  ordinary  prudence 
I  would  have  insured  him  literary  distinction  and  social  ad- 
vantages seldom  accorded  to  one  so  young,  but  he  unfortu- 
nately possessed  a  capticuis  and  quarrelsome  disposition, 
stimulated  by  an  inordinate  vanity,  which  rendered  him 
miserable  in  life,  and  was  the  cause,  in  connection  with 
an  alleged  crime,  of  a  disgraceful  death  hy  his  own  hand. 
He  drowned  himself  in  the  Thames  in  1736.    His  unhappy 
temper  was  continually  marring  the  zealous  efforts  of  Ad- 
dison for  his  advancement.     The  Duke  of  Bolton  and  the 
Earl  of   Sunderland  found  it  impossible  to  aid  one  who 
was  always  fighting  against  himself  by  abu.se  of  those  who 
were  disposed  to  serve  him.     To  add  to  his  troubles,  he 
lost  above  £20.000  in  1720  in  the  famous  South  Sea  scheme. 
Before  Budgell  had  attained  his  majority  he  contributed 
several  papers  to  The  Tatlcr.    It  is  not  known  which  these 
were.     To    The    Spectator   he    contributed    the    f.dlowing 
papers,  according  to  the  enumeration  of  Dr.  Drake,  (dis- 
tinguished by  "  X"  in  the  first  seven  volumes,)  Nos.  67, 
77,  116,  150,  161,  175,  197,  217,  277,  283,  301,  307,  31.3, 
319,  325,  331,  337,  341,  347,  353,  359,  365,  373,  379,  385, 
3S9,  395,  401,  506,  564,  573,  681,  591,  599,  602,  605,  028; 
also  a  letter  signed  Eustace,  in  No.  539,  to  which  list  Dr. 
Bissett  adds  570.     To  The  Guardian,  Nos.  25,  31. 

In  1730  he  became  a  contributor  to  The  Craftsman,  the 
formidable  opponent  of  Sir  Robert  Walpole's  administra- 
tion. See  BoLiNGBROKE,  Lonn.  Towards  the  close  of 
1732,  he  commenced  a  weekly  magazine  entitled  The  Bee, 
which  extended  to  100  numbers,  forming  8  vols.  Svo. 
About  this  time  occurred  an  event  alluded  to  previously, 
which  elicited  one  of  the  most  poignant  epigrams  of  Pope. 
Dr.  Matthew  Tindal  was  an  intimate  friend  of  our  author's, 
and  the  latter  is  supposed  to  have  had  something  to  do 
with  the  publication  of  Tindal's  Christianity  as  old  as  the 
Creation.  The  Dr.  in  his  will  charged  Budgell  to  give  to 
the  world  the  second  part  (d'  this  infamous  piece,  and  he 
also  bequeathed  to  him  the  sum  of  £2100.  Tindal's  ne- 
phew disputed  the  will,  and  it  was  set  aside,  not  without 
great  injury  to  Budgell's  character.  The  latter  some  time 
before  had" attacked  Pope  in  consequence  of  a  piece  pub- 
lished in  the  Grub-Street  Journal,  which  he  attributed  to 
the  author  of  the  Dunciad.  Pope  conceived  that  the  op- 
portunity for  revenge  had  now  arrived,  and  in  the  Pro- 


BUD 


logue  to  his  Satires  thus  stereotyped  the  alleged  crime  of 
his  opponent: 

•'  Let  liudKell  charge  low  Grub-Street  on  my  quill, 
And  write  whate'er  he  please — except  my  will." 

Budgell's  translatidh  from  the  Greel<  of  Theophrastus's 
Characters,  pub.  1713,  was  so  creditable  as  to  elicit  the 
warm  commendation  of  Addison  in  the  39th  number  of 
The  Lover.  In  1732  he  pub.  Memoirs  of  the  Lives  and 
Characters  of  the  Family  of  the  Boyles.  particularly  of 
Charles,  E.^ri.  of  Orrery,  (q.  o.)  This  work  contains 
much  valuable  information  concerning  Irish  affairs.  The 
humorous  Epilogue  to  Ambrose  Philips's  Distressed  Mo- 
ther, which  was  one  of  the  most  popular  productions  of 
the  day,  and  kept  possession  of  public  favour  for  many 
years,  although  attributed  to  Budgell,  is  said  to  have  been 
written  by  Addison.  In  addition  to  the  works  enumerated, 
he  pub.  a  number  of  political  and  other  pieces,  and  some 
Poems  which  are  now  entirely  neglected.  Budgell's  style 
is  considered  to  be  a  very  happy  imitation  of  that  of  his 
friend  Addison;  and  Dr.  Jolinson  decl.ares  that  "Addi- 
son wrote  Budgell's  papers,  or  at  least  mended  them  so 
much  that  he  made  them  almost  his  own" — but  this  opinion 
seems  to  have  no  higher  authority  than  the  endorsement 
of  a  loose  surmise. 

"  To  have  entered  with  perfect  accuracy  into  the  conception  and 
keeping  of  a  character  so  original  as  that  of  Sir  l{o;^er  deCoverley, 
is  the  still  greater  merit  of  Budgell.  In  this  respect  he  is  cer- 
tainly superior  to  Steele;  and  his  description  of  The  Hunt  in  No. 
116,  in  which  the  knight  makes  so  delightful  and  appropriate  a 
figure,  is  a  picture  that  we  would  not  exchange  for  volumes  of  me- 
diocrity. 'The  humour  and  wit  of  Budgell  appear  to  advantage 
in  several  of  his  communications;  especially  in  his  Observation 
on  Beards.  (Spectator.  No.  331;)  on  Country  Wakes,  (No.  161:)  in 
his  relation  of  Will  Honeycomb's  Amours,  (No.  359:)  and  in  his 
detail  of  the  elTects  of  the  Month  of  May  on  Fem.ale  Chastity,  (Nos. 
366  and  395.)     On  this  last  .subject  he  ha-;  copied  the  graceful  com- 

Eosition  and  sly  humour  of  Addisnn  witli  pnuliai-  f'lirity;  .and 
is  admonitions  to  the  fair  sex  during  tliis  snft  and  sedn<-tive  sea- 
son, combiue  such  a  mixture  of  pleasing  imagery,  moral  precept, 
and  ludicrous  association,  as  to  render  the  essays  which  convey 
them  some  of  the  most  interesting  in  the  Spectator." — Drake's 
Ess'iy/s.  vol.  iii. 

Budsrll,  Gilbert.     Sermon.  Lon.,  1690,  4to. 
Hudseii,  John.     Med.  Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1721. 
Bmls<'i>?  Richard.     Passage  of  the  Hurricane,  &c., 
Lon.,  17:;ii.  Sv". 

Bmlworth,  Joseph.     Poems,  Ac,  1794,  '95,  'O.',  Svn. 
Biulworth,  Will.     Sermons,  Lon.,  1732,  '45,  '46,  8vo. 
Buell,  Samuel,  D.D.,  a  native  of  Connecticut.     Ser- 
mons, &('.,  17fil-S7. 

Buerdsell,  .lames.  Discourses  A  Es.says,  1700, 12mo. 
Biilfa,  John,  M.D.  The  Army  Medical  Eo.ard,  1808. 
Travels  through  the  Empire  of  Morocco,  Lon.,  ISIO,  Svo. 
Bugs^,  Francis,  a  member  of  the  *'  Society  called 
Quakers,"  changed  his  views,  and  wrote  a  number  of 
treatises  against  his  old  principles.  We  notice  a  few : 
New  Rome  arraigned,  and  out  of  her  own  mouth  con- 
demned; or  a  Discovery  of  the  Errors  of  the  Foxonian 
Quakers,  Lon.,  1694,  4to.  Quakerism  Withering,  and 
Christianity  Reviving,  1694,  4to.  Qn.akcrs  set  in  their 
True  Light,  1696,  4to.  Tracts  against  the  Qu.akers,  1697, 
Svo.  The  Picture  of  Quakerism,  Lon.,  1697,  12mo.  The 
Pilgrim's  Progress  from  Quakerism  to  Christianity,  Lon., 
1693,  4to.  Nine  other  treatises  agtiinst  tlie  Quakers,  1699- 
1717. 

Bugg,  George.     Tract  on  Regeneration,  Lon.,  1816, 
12mo.     .Scriptural  Cieology,   Lon.,   1827,  Svo.     We  have 
noticed  this  work  under  BucKLANn.  AVm.,  D.I>.     See  Fair- 
holme's  Phys.  Demons,  of  the  M.  Deluge.  Lon.,lS38,  Svo. 
Buggs,"SamueI.     Sermons,  Lon.,  1622,  4to. 
Buist,  George,  D.D.,  d.  1808,  aged  6S,  a  native  of 
Scotland,  pub.  an  Abridgment  of  Hume,  1792;  aversion 
of  the  Psalms,  1796;    Sermon,  1805;   Sermons,  1809,  2 
ols.  Svo  ;  and  contributed  some  articles  to  the  Brit.  Encyc. 
Buist,  Robert,  h.  1805  in  Scotland.    Settled  in  U.  S. 
1828.       Agricultur.al    and    horticultural    writer.      Amer. 
Flower  Garden  Directory,  Phila.,  1851. 12ino.  Rose  Mann.al, 
1847, 12mo.     Family  Kitchen  Gardener,  1851, 12mo.    C<m- 
trib.  Magazine  of  Horticulture,  Florist,  Penn.  Farm  Jour- 
nal. *c. 

BuKiuch,  Stephen  Greenleaf,  a  Unitarian  minis- 
ter, b.  1809,  Boston;  grad.  Columbia  Coll.,  D.C.,  1826; 
divinity  student,  Camlmdge,  1827.  1.  Contemplations  of 
the  Saviour,  Bost.,  1832.  2.  Poems,  Charleston,  S.C.,  1834. 
3.  The  Holy  Land,  1834.  4.  Lays  of  the  Gospel,  1845. 
6.  Communion  Thoughts,  1852.  Contributor  to  the  Unita- 
rian Hymns. 

Bul'finch,  Thomas,  M.D.  Treatise  on  the  Scarlet 
anil  Vrll.iw  Fevers. 

Bulkeley,  Benjamin,  D.D.    Sermons,  1722,  '31. 


BUL 

Bulkeley,  or  Bulkley,  Edward,  D.D.  A  Dis- 
course,  &o.  of  Faults  in  the  Rhemish  version  of  the  New 
Testament,  Lon.,  1588,  4to.  Other  treatises  in  favour  of 
Protestantism,  1602,  '06. 

Bulkeley,  or  Bulkley,  John,  and  J.  Cummins. 
Voyage  to  the  South  Seas  in  1740-41,  Lon.,  1743,  Svo. 
Bulkeley,  Richard.  Sermons,  1685,  4to. 
Bulkley,  Charles,  1719-1797,  a  Dissenting  minister, 
was  a  grandson  of  the  excellent  Matthew  Henry,  the  bib- 
lical commentator.  He  was  first  a  Presbyteriau,  subse- 
quently joined  the  General  Baptists,  and  adopted  Unita- 
rian views.  Notes  on  the  Bible,  pub.  from  the  author's 
MS.  by  Joshua  Toulmin,  D.D. 

"  These  notes  are  not  so  much  of  a  philological  as  of  an  expla- 
natory nature.  They  are  filled  with  what  the  author  considers 
parallel  passages  in  the  Greek  and  Koman  classics,  in  which  the 
sjime  moral  precepts  and  sentiments  occur.  Sometimes  the  coin- 
cidence appears  to  be  striking;  at  other  times  the  correspondence 
is  far  from  marked." — Orme's  Bibl.  Bib. 
Fifteen  Sermons,  1761,  Svo. 

"They  al>ound  in  salutary  admonitions  with  regard  to  our  reli- 
gious and  moral  conduct:  are  written  with  a  true  spirit  of  piety, 
in  a  clear  and  anim.ated  style,  without  any  alfectation  or  enthu- 
siasm."— Lon.  Critical  Befii'U'. 

(Economy  of  the  Gospel,  1764,  4to.  Discourses  on  the 
Parables  and  Miracles  of  Christ,  1770-71,  4  vols.  Svo. 

"  The  author  writes  as  becomes  an  ingenious  and  sensible  man, 
and  in  an  agreeable,  instructive,  and  practical  manner." — Lon. 
JU'mllittj  linncw. 

Catechetical  Exercises,  1774,  12mo.  Other  theological 
works. 

Bulkley,  John.  Sermon,  1697,  4to. 
Bulkley,  John,  d.  1731,  first  minister  of  Colchester, 
Connecticut,  was  a  grandson  of  Rev.  Peter  Bulkley  (v. 
pual.)  An  Election  Sermon,  1713.  An  Inquiry  into  the 
right  of  the  Aboriginal  Natives  to  the  lands  of  America, 
1724,  (reprinted  in  Mass.  Hist.  Coll.)  A  Tract  on  Infant 
Bajitism,  1729. 

Bulkley,  Peter,  158.3-1659,  first  minister  of  Concord, 
Mass.achusetts,  a  native  of  Wooilhill,  Bedfordshire,  was 
educated  at,  and  became  Fellow  of,  St.  John's  College, 
Cambridge.  Being  silenced  by  Archbishop  Laud,  he  came 
to  New  England  in  1635,  aud  was  one  of  the  first  settlers 
of  Concord,  Mass.achusetts.  The  Gospel  Covenant  Opened, 
Lon.,  1616,  4to.  Some  specimens  of  Mr.  Eulkley's  Latin 
poetry  will  be  found  in  Dr.  Mather's  History  of  New  Eng- 
land. 

Bulkley,  Sir  Richard.  Horticultural  contributions 
to  Phil.  Trans.,  1693. 

Bull.     Farewell  Sermon,  Lon.,  1663,  4to.  i 

Bull,  Uigby.  Sermons,  1695,  1706,  4to. 
Bull,  George,  D.D.,  1634-1710,  a  native  of  Wells, 
Somersetshire,  entered  Exeter  College,  Cxford,  1648  ;  be- 
came minister  of  St.  George's  near  Bristol;  Rector  of 
Snddington-St.-Mary's,  1658 ;  Vicar  of  Suddington-St.- 
Pcter's.' 1662;  Prebendary  of  Gloucester,  1678;  Bishop 
of  St.  David's,  1705.  Bishop  Bull,  for  profound  learning, 
knowledge  of  Christian  antiquity,  and  eminent  piety,  was 
one  of  the  most  distinguished  ornaments  of  the  Church 
of  England.  Harmonia  Apostoliea  ;  seu  Binae  Disserta- 
tiimes,  quarum  in  priore  Doctrina  D.  Jacobi  de  justifica- 
tione  ex  operibus  explanitur  et  defenditur,  in  posteriore 
consensus  D.  Pauli  cum  Jacobo  liquido  demonstratur,  Ac., 
Lon.,  1670,  fob;  reprinted,  Basil,  1740,  Svo;  a  trans,  hy 
Thomas  Wilkinson,  1801,  Svo;  and  the  Harmonia  was 
pub.  in  Lib.  Anglo-Cath.  Theol.,  Oxf,  1842,  Svo.  This 
Latin  Dissertation  was  written  eight  or  nine  years  before 
its  publication.     The  author  laboured  to  show 

'•  That  good  works,  which  proceed  from  laith.  and  are  conjoined 
with  faith,  are  a  necessary  condition  required  from  us  by  GoA,  to 
the  end  tliat  by  the  new  and  evangelical  covenant,  obtained  by 
and  sealed  in  the  Blnod  of  Christ,  the  Mediator  of  it,  we  ni.ay  be 
justified  according  to  his  free  and  unmerited  grace." 

Bishop  Bull  endeavoured  to  exhibit  this  doctrine  so  ns  to 
"absolutely  exclude  .all  pretensions  to  merit  on  the  part 
of  man,"  but  his  statements  were  unsatisfactory  to  many, 
and  were  opposed  liy  Dr.  Morley,  Bishop  of  Winchester, 
Dr.  Barlow,  Charles  Gatakcr,  Joseph  Truman,  Dr.  Tully, 
John  Tombes,  Lewis  Du  Moulin,  and  M.  De  Marets.  The 
author,  n. .thing  daunted  by  such  a  host  of  adversaries, 
pub.  his  Examen  Censura;  in  1675,  in  reply  to  Mr.  Gata- 
kcr, and  his  Apologia  pro  H.armonia,  in  response  to  Dr. 
Tully ;  repub.  in  Lib.  Anglo-Cath.  Theol.,  Oxf ,  1843,  Svo. 
The  reader  will  find  an  account  of  the  controversy  in  Nel- 
son's Life  of  Bull. 

Dofcnsio  Fidei  Nicensn  ex  Scriptus,  qua;  extant  Catho- 

lieorum  Doctorum,  qui  intra  prima  Ecclesiffi  Christianse 

Sa>cula  flornerunt,  Oxon..  1685.  4to  :  a  new  trans,  pub.  in 

Lib.  Anglo-Cath.  Theol.,  Oxf,  1851-52,  2  vols.  Svo.     This 

,  work,  also  in  Latin,  increased  the  fame  of  the  author  both 


-sra 


BUL 

at  homo  and  abroad,  whilst  it,  of  course,  provoked  great 
opposition  from  the  Socinians.  See  Nelson's  Life  of  Bull. 
'■  Bull's  Defensio  is  recommciHlcd  bv  the  einulirinn  exactness 
and  conciseness  with  which  it  i^i  written,  .uul  liy  tli^  neatness  aini 
elegance  of  its  style.  It  is,  i)ei-li,i|n  the  L.-st  nuik  »Li.  h  .-i  person 
who  seeks  to  obtain  a  clear  and  comprehensive  knowledge  of  the 
K.  tath.jhc  Creed,  can  peruse." — C'uarles  Butler. 

•'The  doctrinal  parts  of  the  Christian  religion  are  summarily 
comprehended  in  the  Creeds  which  our  Church  has  adopted  into 
Its  service.  You  need  (after  I'earson)  have  no  better  help  than 
Bishop  Bull's  L.atin  works  in  defence  of  the  Nicene  Faith."— Ma. 
Prebendary  Kivovvleb. 

'•  After  Dr.  Cudworth  came  Dr.  Bull,  author  of  the  Defence  of 
the  Nicene  I'aith,  a  book  th.it  has  rendered  the  writer  of  it  very 
famous,  not  in  England  only  or  chiefly,  but  beyond  the  water, 
'lis  composed  in  a  style  most  truly  Latin,  with  much  vivacity  of 
expression,  with  great  vigour  and  s*btilty  of  thought:  in  short, 
'tis  worthy  of  the  noble  argument  of  which  he  treats.  This  au- 
thor, having  studied  the  Fathers  with  an  application,  diligence, 
and  observation  almost  peculiar  to  him,  perceived  that  the  schools 
have  departed  from  that  notion  of  the  Trinity  believed  and  pro- 
fessed by  some  of  the  princijtal  Fathers." — Tlip  'Umiaruin  author  f>f 
Tilt  Judgment  nf  a  disinleirsted  llrson,  dx.,  Lon..  IBOli,  4(o. 

The  following  testimony  from  the  celehrated  Bossuet 
deserves  to  be  quoted.  In  his  answer  to  M.  Jurieu,  he  re- 
marks that,  if  the  learned  treatises  of  Father  Tlionnassin 
and  the  preface  of  Father  Pctau  are  neglected  by  the  op- 
ponent of  the  eternal  generation  of  the  Son, — then 

"I  send  him  to  Bull,  that  learned  English  Protestant,  in  the 
treatise  where  he  hath  so  well  defended  the  Fathers  who  lived  bt^ 
fore  the  Council  of  Nice.  You  mu'^t  either  renounce  the  Faith  of 
the  Holy  Trinity,  which  God  forbid,  or  presuppose  with  me  thxit 
this  author  hath  reason." 
"We  give  some  other  quotations : 

*'  The  best  books  against  the  .\rians.  besides  Bishop  Pearson  on 
the  Creed,  are  Bishop  Bull's  works." — Dr.  Wotton. 

Bishop  Hor.sley  commends  the  accuracy  of  Dr.  Bull's 
citations  from  the  Fathers  of  the  first  three  centuries, 
"confirming  the  Church  of  England  Faith,  and  refuting 
the  Unitarian." 

'■  On  the  subject  of  a  sinner's  justification  before  God.  the  views 
of  this  distinguished  prelate  were  very  incorrect,  and  have  done 
immense  harm ;  but  as  an  advocate  of  the  Catholic  doctrine  of  the 
Trinity,  declared  in  the  Nicene  Creed,  he  h.as  few  ei|u.'ils.  He  w-as 
a  man  of  immense  learning,  the  whole  of  which  he  hns  biniirbt 
to  bear  on  this  important  subject.  His  Life,  by  holint  NeKnii. 
Esq.,  is  one  of  the  finest  pieces  of  theological  biography  in  the 
English  language." — Dr.  E.  Williams. 

In  both  of  the  above  opinions  Mr.  Bickerstcth  concurs. 
Judiciam  Eeclesise  Catholica;  trium  priorura  Seculorum 
de  necessitate  credcndi  quod  Domiuns  noster  Jesus  Chris- 
tus  sit  verus  Deus,  assertum  contra  M.  Simmieum  Episco- 
pium  aliosque,  1G94.  In  English,  with  Life,  bv  Rev.  T. 
Rankin,  York,  1825.  Svo.  This  work  f  which  is  a  defence  of 
the  Anathema,  as  the  former  was  of  tlie  Faith,  declared  by 
the  First  Council  nf  Nice)  was  sent  by  Mr.  Nelson  to  the 
famous  Bishop  of  Meaux,  Bossuet,  whose  commeudation 
of  the  preceding  w.irk  we  have  already  cited.  This  cele- 
brated prelate  transmitted 
^  "  Not  only  his  humble  thanks,  but  the  unfeigned  congratula- 
tions also  of  the  whole  -lergy  of  France,  then  assembled  at  St. 
Germain's,  for  the  great  scr  \  i.e  b.-  h  id  done  to  the  Catholic  Church 
in  so  well  defending  her  determination  concerning  the  necessity 
of  believing  the  Divinity  of  the  .Son  of  God." 

But  the  Roman  Catholic  prelate  could  not  but  express 
his  surprise  th.at 

"  So  great  a  man.  so  weighty  and  solid  an  author,  conld  continue 
a  moment  without  acknowledging  the  Church." 

He  begged  to  have  this  question  resolved,  and  Dr.  Bull, 
nothing  backward  in  defending  the  apostolicity  of  the 
Churcli  of  England,  drew  up  a  treatise  upon  the  suliject, 
which  did  not  reach  Mr.  Nelson's  hands  until  just  as  ho 
received  news  of  Bossuet's  death.  The  treatise  was,  how- 
ever, published,  Lon.,  1705-07.  Svo,  under  the  title  of  The 
Corruptions  of  the  Church  of  Rome,  in  relation  to  Eccle- 
siastical Government,  the  Rule  of  Faith,  and  Form  of  Di- 
vine Worship  :  in  answer  to  the  Bishop  of  Moan.t's  Queries. 
In  170.'!  Dr.  John  Ernest  Grahe  superintended  an  edi- 
tion of  his  Latin  works,  (the  author's  .age  .and  infirmities 
disabling  him  from  the  effort.)  pub.  in  1  vol.  folio.  Ro- 
bert Nelson,  .author  of  The  Fasts  and  Festiv.als  of  the 
Church  of  England,  a  former  pupil  of  Bp.  Bull,  pub.  in 
1713,  4  vols.  Svo,  Seven  Sermons  and  other  Di.scourses, 
with  an  account  of  his  Life  ;  new  edit.,  Oxf.,  1S16,  3  vols. 
18mo;  again,  O.vf.,  ISiO,  Svo. 

"  This  Bishop's  sermons  are  compositions  of  the  highest  order; — 
learned,  f  ircible,  and  perspicuous,  they  always  excite  attention 
and  reward  it;  they  teach  us  that  the  practice  of  Christian  duties 
can  only  be  founded  on  the  feithful  acknowledgment  of  Chris- 
tian doctrine." 

A  Companion  for  the  Candidates  of  Holy  Orders,  or  the 
Great  Importance  and  Principal  Duties  of  the  Priestly 
Office,  1714,  12mo.  Recommended  by  Bishop  Burgess  to 
candidates  for  Holy  Orders.  It  is  reprinted  in  the  Cler- 
gyman's Instructor.     'Vindication  of  the  Church  of  Enir- 

9_^l  ° 


BUL 

land,  1719,  Svo.  'Works  concerning  the  Trinity,  1730, 
2  vols.  Svo.  Apology  for  the  Harmony.  Primitive  Apos- 
tolical Tradition,  Ac.,  against  Daniel  Zwicker,  a  Pnissian. 
Two  sermons  concerning  the  State  of  the  Scml  on  its  im- 
mediate separation  from  the  Body,  3cc.,  with  a  jireface  by 
Leonard  Chappelow,  B.D.,  1764,  Svo.  The  Rev.  Edward 
Burton  pub.  a  revised  edition  of  the  Bishop's  works,  7  vols, 
in  S,  Svo,  Clarendon  Press,  Oxf.,  1827;  again  in  1816;  in 
which  will  be  found  the  Life  of  Nelson,  with  additions  by 
Mr.  Burton. 

"  His  works  are  esteemed  by  the  learned  as  one  of  the  main  p.l- 
lars  of  orthodoxy." — Bishop  Watso.v. 

Perhaps  wo  cannot  better  conclude  our  notice  of  this 
celebrated  divine  than  by  a  commendation  which  may  be 
useful  as  a  hint  in  some  quarters.  Dr.  Lupton  gives  the 
following  character  of  Bishop  Bull's  sermons : 

"  He  abhorred  affectation  of  wit.  trains  of  fulsome  metaphors, 
and  nice  words  wrought  up  into  tuneful,  pointed  sentences,  with- 
out any  meaning  at  the  bottom  of  them.  He  looked  upon  sermons 
consisting  of  these  ingredients— which  should  be  our  aversion, 
and  not  our  aim— as  empty,  and  frothy,  and  trilling;  as  inconsist- 
ent vyith  the  dignity  of  serious  and  sacred  subjects,  and  as  an  in- 
dication of  a  weak  judgment." — Leflgr  to  Rotiert  KeUrn  in  Biog.  Brit. 

Bull,  G.  S.  Appeal  on  behalf  of  the  Factory  Chil- 
dren. Bradf ,  1832,  12mo.  Sermon  to  Coal  Miners,  Bradf., 
1S31,  Svo. 

Bull,  Henry.  Christian  Prayers  and  Holy  Medita- 
tions as  well  for  Private  as  Puhlick  Exercises ;  collected 
by  H.  Bull,  Svo,  1506;  reprinted  for  The  Parker  Society. 
Camb.,  1842,  sm.  Svo. 

Bull,  Henry,  Extracts  from  Sermons,  Saffron  Wal- 
den,  1S40.  12mo. 

Bull,  J.     Theolog.  and  other  works,  1S05,  '13,  '14,  Svo. 

Bull,  John,  b.  about  1563,  d.  about  1622,  an  eminent 
musician,  and  professor  in  that  art  in  Gresham  College, 
was  a  native  of  Somersetshire.  The  Oration  of  Maister 
John  Bull,  Oct.  6th,  1597,  in  the  new-erected  Colledge  of 
Sir  Thomas  Gresham.  Knt.  Bull's  compositions  were  pub. 
in  sundry  collections  of  music.  See  Burney's  Music,  iii. 
166-14;  Ward's  Gresham  Professors;  Athen.  Oxon.;  and 
The  H:irmonicon. 

Bull,  Joseph.     The  Unity  of  God,  1809,  Svo. 

Bull,  Michael.     Love  of  Country,  Sermon,  1715,  Svo. 

Bull,  Nicholas.     Sermons.  1805,  '20,  Svo. 

Bull,  Kohert.     Sermons,  1714,  '15,  '23,  Svo. 

Bull,  Itoger.  Under  this  name  was  pub.  Grobianus, 
or  the  Ccnnplcat  Booby,  an  Ironiciil  Poem,  translated  from 
the  Original  Latin  of  F.  Dedckiiidus.  by  R.  B.,  1739,  Svo. 
"A  very  singular  and  humorous  work,  written  to  inculcate  good 
m.anners.  which  probably  presented  to  Swift  the  idea  of  his  Direc- 
tions to  Servants." 

Bull,  Thomas,  M.D.  Hints  to  Mothers  for  the  Ma- 
nagement of  their  Health,  Lon.,  Svo ;  7th  cd.,  1851. 

'■  There  is  no  mother  that  will  not  be  heartily  thankful  that  this 
book  ever  fell  iuto  her  hands,  and  no  husband  who  should  not 
present  it  to  his  wife.  We  cannot  urge  its  value  too  strongly  on 
all  whom  it  concerns." — Lm.  Eclectic  Jievieic. 

"  We  recommend  it  to  our  readers ;  and  they  will  confer  a  bene- 
fit on  their  new-married  patients  by  recommending  it  to  them  " 

Brit,  and  For.  Med.  Jferiew. 

The  Maternal  Management  of  Children,  in  Health  and 
Disease,  Svo;  3d  ed.,  1S48. 

"These  little  manuals  will  prove  useful  exactly  in  proportion 
to  the  extent  of  their  circulation.  The  best  thanks  of  the  profes- 
sion, as  well  as  of  all  intelligent  mothers,  are  due  to  Dr.  Bull  for 
these  excellent  little  works.'" — Lon.  Medical  Gazeiii. 

Bull,  W.  and  J.  P.     Church  at  Newport,  ISll. 

Bullar,  Henry,  of  Lincoln's  Inn,  and  Joseph  Bul- 
lar,  M.D.  A  Winter  in  the  Azores,  and  a  Summer  at  the 
Baths  of  the  Furnas  in  St.  Michael's.  Lon.,  1841,  2  vols.  Svo. 

"If  amusement  is  desirable  which  slmli  excite  the  mind  with- 
out le;iving  a  sensation  of  unprofitableness  behind  it,  we  scarc(.|v 
know  how  it  could  be  presented  in  a  more  agree.il?le  form  than 
these  lively  volumes,  which,  for  this  pui-pose,  we  cordially  recom- 
mend."— l/m.  Cliiirchmun's  Mtmthly  Jfevieui. 

"  Of  all  the  Tours  and  Tr.avels  we  have  ever  read,  we  are  disposed 
to  think  it  the  most  agreeable  and  origin.al." — L'in.  Krainiver. 

Bullar,  John. 

1S07.  Svo. 

Bullar,  John.  Lay  Lectures  on  Chri.stinn  Faith  and 
Practice,  South.,  1844,  '46.  Questions  on  the  Holy  Scrip- 
tures, new  ed.,  1846.  ISmo. 

"  The  author  has  evidently  taken  gre.at  pains  to  render  his  work 
complete  and  servicealile.'' — Lon.  Eclectic  lieviciu. 

Other  works. 

Bullard. 
ism  of  Drills. 

BnllartI,  Henry  A.,  .and  J.  Curry.  New  Digest  of 
the  Statute  Laws  of  the  State  of  Louisiana,  from  the  change 
of  Government  to  the  year  1841,  inclusive,  vol.  i.  Svo,  New 
Orleans.  1842. 

Bullein,  William.    See  Bulleyn. 


Tour  round    Southampton,   South., 


Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1698;  on  the  Magnet- 


BUL 


BITL 


Bulletin  George,  an  assistant  librarian  of  the  British 
Museum.  Catalogue  of  the  Library  of  the  British  and 
Foreign  Bible  Society,  Lon.,  1857,  8vo. 

"An  accurate  and  well-compiled  catalogue.  The  anthor,  Mr. 
BullPD.  has  brought  all  his  own  Bibliogniphical  ItnowltMlge,  as 
one  of  the  Hbrarians  of  the  British  Museum,  to  bear  upon  his 
work.  The  Bible  Society's  library  consists  of  nhout  five  thousand 
Volumes,  priuted  and  manuscript,  of  which  by  far  the  greater  part 
are  presents.  In  cataloguing  the  Scriptures,  the  plan  adnpted  in 
thr  Uritish  Museum  hag  been  followed  ;  and  copious  cross-references 
have  bei'ii  given  from  the  names  of  all  editors,  translators,  anno- 
tators,  &c.  upon  tlie  Bible  to  the  particular  edition  in  which  their 
labours  appear.  These  cross-references,  &c.  greatly  enhance  the 
value  of  tliis  catalogue." — T.  H.  IIorne,  D,D.,  in  a  Utter  to  the 
author  of  this  Duiionary,  Aug.  31, 1S58. 

BuUeu,  11.  St.  John.  1.  Grammar.  2.  Geography^ 
17117.  'ii',L 

Buller,  Rt.  Hon.  Charles,  b.  ISOfi,  at  Calcutta, 
d.  in  Luiidou,  1818.  Responsible  Government  for  Co- 
lonics, 12nio:  originally  pub.  in  Colonial  Gaz.  Contrib. 
freiiuuutly  to  Morning  Chronicle,  Globe,  Edinburgh  Re- 
view, and  Westminster  Record. 

Buller,  Sir  Francis,  1745-1800,  a  Judge  of  the 
Court  of  King's  Bench  and  Common  Pleas,  was  a  grand- 
son of  Allen,  Earl  Bathurst.  Ho  was  distinguished  for 
profound  knowledge  of  the  Law.  An  Introduction  to  the 
Law  relative  to  Trials  at  Nisi  Prius,  with  copious  Annota- 
tions, 7th  edit.,  Lon..  1817,  r.  8vo;  former  edits.,  1767,  '72. 
'75,  '80,  '90,  '93  ;  pub.  in  New  York,  with  Notes  of  American 
Cases,  1806.  The  germ  of  this  work  was  written,  it  is  sup- 
p{)sed,  by  Mr.  Bathurst,  afterwards  Lord  Apsley,  and  was 
entitled  Institutes  of  the  Law  relative  to  Nisi  Prius,  17611, 
8\'o.  Sir  Francis  Buller  enlarged  the  work,  and  pub.  it  as 
above. 

•'  Notwithstanding  its  defects,  from  the  judicial  station  of  the 
learned  author  whose  name  it  bears,  it  has  been  re'jarded  as  a 
work  of  considerable  authority.  Its  place  has  been  supplied  In- 
later  works,  but  it  is  still  useful  because  it  contains  snnie  author- 
ities not  elsewhere  to  be  met  with." — Marviti's  Legal  Bibl. 

ISuUcr,  W.  Chronological,  Biographical,  Historical, 
and  Miscellaneous  Exercises  for  Young  Ladies. 

BuUey,  Frederick,  President  of  St.  Mary  Magd. 
College,  Oxford.  A  Tabular  View  of  the  Variations  in  the 
Communion  and  Baptismal  Offices  of  the  Church  of  Eng- 
land from  15-19  to  1662 ;  to  which  are  added  those  in  the 
Scotch  Praver-Book  of  1637  ;  with  au  Appendix  illustra- 
tive of  the  Variations,  Oxf,  1812.  8vo. 

Bullcyn,  or  BuUein,  William,  b.  about  1500,  in 
the  Isle  of  Ely,  d.  1576,  a  learned  physician  and  botanist, 
was  educated  at  Cambridge  and  Oxford.  The  Government 
of  Health,  Lon.,  155S,  '59,  8vo.  A  very  popular  work  in 
its  day.  Regimen  against  the  Pleurisie,  1562, 16mo.  Bul- 
warke  of  Defoee  againste  all  sikness,  sornes,  and  wonndcs, 
that  dooe  daily  assaulte  mankinde,  &q.,  1562,  '72,  fol.  A 
Dialogue,  bothe  pleasaunte  and  pietifull ;  wherein  is  shewed 
a  goodlie  Regimento  against  the  Fever  of  Pestilence,  with 
a  Consnlation  and  Comfort  against  Death,  1564,  '69,73,  '78, 
8vo.  Several  small  profess,  treatises  are  also  ascribed  to  our 
author. 

BiiUinstbroke,  Edward,  and  Jonah  Bilcher, 
An  Aln-idgt.  of  the  Statutes  of  Ireland,  ^c,  Duld.,  1754, 
2  vols.  4to ;  continued  by  Francis  Vesey.  Duty  and  Au- 
thority of  the  Justices  of  Peace  and  Parish  Officers  for 
Ireland.  Dubl.,  1766,  4to. 

"  A  useful  work  in  its  day,  and  framed  very  much  upon  the  mo- 
del f'T  the  celebrated  work  of  his  brother  civilian,  Burn,  in  Eng- 
land " — Pi'[f.  (n  Sm!/the''s  Justice. 
Other  legal  treatises. 

BuUins^ham,  John.  Trans,  of  Job.  Vena?ns's  Ora- 
tion in  defence  i>f  the  Sacrament  of  the  AuUaire,  1554,  8vo. 
Bullions,  Peter,  b.  1791  at  Perthshire,  Seotlnnd, 
Prof.  tJreck  an'l  Latin  in  the  Albany  Academy.  Principles 
of  Latin  Grammar.  Latin  Reader.  Caesar's  Commenta- 
ries. Cicero's  Orations.  Sallust.  Greek  Lessons  for  Be- 
ginners. Principles  of  Greek  Grammar.  Greek  Reader. 
Latin  Exercises.  Lessons  in  English  Grammar  and  Com- 
position. Principles  of  English  Grammar.  Progressive 
Exercises  in  Analysis  and  Parsing.  Introduction  to  Ana- 
lytical Grammar.  New,  or  Analytical  and  Practical  Eng- 
lish Grnmmar. 

Bullivant,  Benjamin.  Observations  on  Natural 
History,  m.i'lf  in  New  England;  Phil.  Trans.,  1698. 

Bullivant,  Oaniel,  Surgeon.  Case  of  Violent  Spasms 
■wbich  succeeded  the  Amputation  of  an  Arm,  «fec. 
Bullman.     See  Biti-man. 
Bullocar.     Sec  BtiLLOKAn. 

BuUock,  Henry,  FcUcjw  of  Queen's  College,  Cam- 
bridge, 1507;  I). D.,  1520;  Vice-Chancellor,  1524. '25.  He 
Was  a  correspondent  of  Erasmus,  (who  calls  him  Bovillns.) 
and  so  "ripe  a  scholar"  that  Cardinal  Wolsey,  whose  chap- 


Iain  he  was,  selected  him  as  a  fit  antagonist  for  Luther. 
In  1513,  in  conjunction  with  Wnlden,  he  read  a  mathemati- 
cal lecture,  and  had  a  salary  from  the  University  for  it. 
Ho  was  one  of  the  twelve  preachers  sent  out  by  the  Uni- 
versity in  1515.  Tanner  fixes  the  date  of  his  death  in 
1526,  but  Dodd  says  that  he  was  living  in  1530.  1.  De 
Captivitato  Baltylonica  contra  Lutherum.  2.  Epistolae  et 
Orationes.  3.  De  Serpentibus  siticulosis :  trans,  from  the 
Greek  of  Lucian,  Camb.,  1521, 4to.  4,  Gratis  tniani  Andiie- 
piscopo  Eboracensi,  Camb.,  1521,  4to.  See  his  ^ration  in 
favour  of  Wolsey  in  Fiddes's  Life  of  the  Cardinal. 

Bullock,  II.  A.     History  of  the  Isle  of  Man,  lSl6.Svo. 
Bullock,  J.  Lloyd,  Editor  of  Fresenius  and  Will's 
New  Method  of  Alkalimetry,  Lon.,  1S43,  12mo. 

'■This  little  work  will  prove  of  the  hij^hest  importance  to  calico 
printers,  bleuchers.  dyers,  mauufacturers  of  soap,  paper,  and  prus- 
siate  of  potash ;  also  to  chemists,  aud  to  dealers  in  alkalies,  acids,  ic. 
To  Mr.  B.  we  arc  also  indebted  {in  addition  to  this  Lect. 
on  Pharmacy,  1844,)  for  an  edition  of  Fresenius's  Elemen- 
tary Instruction  in  Chemical  Analysis,  as  practised  in  the 
Laboratory  of  Giessen.  Qualitative,  8vo.  Quantitative,  Svo. 
'■  I  can  contidently  recommend  this  work,  from  my  own  personal 
experience.  t"a!I  wliii;uf  disirous  nf  obtaining  instruction  in  ana- 
lysis, for  its  simpliiity  :tnd  usrfulnrss.  and  the  fecility  with  which 
it  may  be  cuuiprehendLd."— Bauon  Iaeuig. 

Bullock,  Jeflrey.  One  Blow  more  against  Anti- 
Christ  iMinisters,  the  downfall  of  whose  Ministry  hastens, 
Lon.,  I  67'^,  4to. 

Bullock,  R,     Geography  Epitomized,  1810,  4to. 
Bullock,  Richard.     Sermons,  Lon.,  1754,  'S9,  4to. 
Bullock,  Thomas,     Sermons.  Lon..  1723-28. 
Bullock,  William.     Virginia  impartially  E.xamined, 
and  ielt  to  Public  View,  Lon.,  lfU9.  4to.     Dedicated  to  the 
Earl  nf  Arundell  and  to  Lord  Baltimore. 

Bullock,\Villiam.  An  Earthquake. Phil.  Trans.,1755. 
Bullock,  William.     A  short  and  easy  Method  of 
preserving  Subjects  of  Natural  History,  ISIS. 

Bullokar,  John.  Eng.  Exposition  of  Hard  "Words, 
101  n,  sv<.. 

Bullokar,  William.  B(tok  at  large  for  the  amend- 
ment of  Orthographia  for  English  speech,  Lon.,  1580,  4to. 
Mr.  Bullokar  believed  that  his  proposed  reform  would  not 
only  improve  his  own  tongue,  but  also  effect  "an  entrance 
into  the  secretes  of  other  languages." 

This  production  Lowndes  ascribes  to  John  Bullokar,  but 
Watt  attributes  it  to  William;   and  we  judge  the  latter  to 
be  correct,  as  the  author  promises  a  "  Grammar  to  be  im- 
printed hereafter  ;"  aud  Bullokar's  Bref  Grammar  for  Eng- 
lish, pub.  six  years  afterwards,  (1580,   lOmo.)  is  ascribed 
by  both  Lowndes  and  Watt  to  William  Bullokar.     yEiiop's 
Fables  in  Tru  (Jrthutrraphy,  with  Grammar  Notz,  1585,  Svo. 
Bulman,  E,     lutroduc.  to  Hebrew.  1795,  Svo. 
Bulmau,  John.     Sermons,  1SU3,  "05,  4to. 
Bulmar,  Capt.  John.    Arts  and  Mysteries  for  a  Sol- 
dier. Manner,  .t--..  :iiid  other  works,  1641,  *43,  '49,  fob 

Bulmer,  Agnes.  Messiah's  Kingdom  ;  a  Poem,  Lon., 
p.  Svo.  Scri[)ture  Histories,  3  vols.  ISmo.  Select  Letters, 
with  Notes  by  Btiiiting,  12mo.  Mem.  by  Anne  E,.  CoUinsoa. 
Bulmer,  Beter.  Sermons,  1803,  "05,  Svo. 
Bulwtrode,  Edward,  158S-1659,  a  native  of  Buck- 
inghamshire, was  entered  of  St.  John's  C'dlege,  Oxford,  in 
1603,  whence  he  removed  to  the  Inner  Temple.  He  was  a 
favourite  of  Cromwell's,  and  in  1649  made  one  of  the  Jus- 
tices of  North  Wales.  A  Golden  Chain,  or  Miscellany  of 
divers  Sentences  of  the  Sacred  vSeriptnres,  &c.,  Lon.,  1657, 
Svo.  Reports  in  King's  Bench,  in  the  Reigns  of  Kings 
James  I.  and  Charles  I.,  in  3  parts  ;  2d  edit.,  corrected,  Ac, 
Lon.,  1GS8,  fol. ;  1st  edit.,  1657,  '58,  '59,  fol.  There  is  an 
irregularity  in  the  paging  of  both  editions,  but  they  are 
perfect.  Bulstrode  took  his  reports  in  French,  and  trans, 
them  into  English.  He  is  said  to  have  adopted  the  excel- 
lent method  of  Plowdeu.  They  were  pub.  by  his  son. 
Ouly  a  portion  of  his  MS.  was  pub. : 

"  The  fittest  and  choicest  cases  out  of  these  reports  which  I  have 
with  no  small  care,  labour,  and  pains  collected  to;;ether." 

"  I  have  perused  divers  cases  in  these  reports,  aud  I  think  they 
are  fit  to  be  pul)lished.'"— Matthew  Hale. 

Bulstrode,  Sir  Richard,  eldest  son  of  the  above,  is 
said  to  have  died  at  the  advanced  age  of  101  years.  Let- 
ters to  the  Earl  of  Arlington,  Lon.,  1712,  Svo.  Essays  on 
Manners  and  Morals.  17i5,  Svo.  Memoirs.  &c.  relative  to 
Charles  I.  and  Charles  II.,  1721.  Svo.  185  Elegies  and 
Epigrams  on  religious  subjects,  compo.sed  at  the  age  of 
eighty. 

"  A  man  of  talents  and  considerable  learning,  and  in  his  political 
course  able  and  consistent.'' 

Bulstrode,  Whitelocke,  d.  1724,  aged  74,  Protho- 
notary  of  the  Mar^^hal's  Court,  son  of  the  preceding.  An 
Essay  on  Transmigration,  Lon.,  1692,  Svo;  in  Latin,  by 

281 


BUL 

Oswald  Dyke,  1726,  8vo.  Essays  Eeplcsiastieal  niitl  Civil, 
1706,  Svo.  Letters  between  him  ami  Dr.  Wooil,  1717.  8vo. 
Compendium  of  the  Crown  Laws,  1723,  Svo.  Three  Charges 
to  Grand  and  other  Juries,  171S,  Svo. 

Bultecl,  or  Bulteal,  Johu.  Translations  of  Amo- 
rous Oruntus;  aComedy,  Lon.,  1665, 4to.  Courtof  Rotne, 
1668,  Svo.  Psalms  and  Songs,  1674,  Svo.  Abridged  Chro- 
nology of  France,  16S3.  fol. 

Biilwer,  Sir  Edward  liytton.  See  Lytto.v. 
BulwcT,  Lady.  See  Lady  Lytton. 
Biilwer,  Rt.  Hon.  Sir  Henry  Lytton  Earle, 
G.C.B.,  M.l'.,  Privy  CounoiUor.  Diplomatist,  and  Author,  b. 
1804,  is  an  elder  brother  of  Sir  Edward  Lytton  Bulwer  Lyt- 
ton. Sir  Henry  has  filled  several  highly  responsible  diplo- 
matic positions,  with  great  credit  to  himself  and  honour  to 
his  counti-y.  An  an  author,  also,  he  has  gained  consider- 
able reput.ition.  An  Autumn  in  Greece,  1824,  p.  Svo. 
France,  Social,  Literary,  and  Political,  2  vols.  p.  Svo.  The 
Monarchy  of  the  Middle  Classes,  2  vols.  p.  Svo.  1834-36. 
Sir  Henry  wrote  a  Life  of  Lord  Byron,  prefixed  to  a  Paris 
edition  of  his  lordship's  works.  ^ 

Bulwer,  Johu,  an  author  of  the  17th  century,  wrote 
several  books  on  Dactylology,  Dress,  &c.  Chirologia,  or 
the  Natural  Language  of  the  Hand ;  as  also  Chironomia, 
or  the  Art  of  Manual  Ehetorick,  Lon.,  1644,  Svo.  Philo- 
cophics,  164S,  Svo.  Pathomyotomia,  1649,  Svo.  Anthro- 
po-metamorphosis,  Man-transformed ;  or  the  Changeling, 
shewing  the  various  ways  how  divers  People  alter  the 
Natural  Shape  of  some  part  of  their  Bodies.  Lon.,  1653, 
4to.  Of  this  curious  and  extravagant  work  an  aceountwiU 
be  found  in  Oldys's  Brit.  Librarian,  367-72,  and  in  the  Lon. 
Retrospective  Review,  N.  S.,  ii.  205-17.  It  appears  that 
the  author  wrote  several  other  works  which  he  did  not  see 
fit  to  publish. 

"  From  Bulwer's  extravajjance  some  illustration  is  thrown  upon 
one  portion  of  the  history  of  human  knonk-dse.  Ik-  lived  in  an 
age  of  great  Icainin.-  and  nl  Hill,;  jud-'in.iit ;  at  a  time  when  there 
wlis  a  voracious  appi-lit.-  f"r  iiilOiin.ilii'ii.aiid  when  fact  .and  fiction 
were  indisiTiinioali-lv  cmi,..!  anil  d.-vnurTd  by  all  who  sought  for 
the  repulalioii  of  l.virnin:;.'  — inn.  li'flrosp.  Ji'tivVi". 

Bumi)fiold,W.  R.  Tropical  Dysentery,Lon.,lSlS,8vo. 
Bumstead,  Josiah  F.,  b.  1797  at  Boston.     Popular 
Series  of  Readers. 

Bunbury.     The  Church  Catechism,  Lon..  1727, 12mo. 
Bunbury,  C.  J.  F.    A  Residence  at  the  Cape  of  Good 
Hojici  with   Notes  on  the  Natural   History  and  Native 
Trilics,  Lon.,  1S4S,  Svo. 

"  The  statesman  who  may  be  called  upon  to  discuss  or  decide  upon 
the  public-  alTairs  of  the  Cape,  the  emigrant  who  may  contemiilate 
removioL'  his  tares  thither,  the  curious  inquirer  who  would  know 
the  rights  of  what  has  given  rise  to  so  much  controyersy,  will  find 
Mr.  Hunbuiy  an  intclU^^ent  and  candid  fruide." — Lnv.  Examiner. 

Bunbury,  Henry.  Academy  for  Grown  Horsemen, 
Ac,  by  Geoffrey  Gambado.  Esq..  Riding  Master:  with  17 
engravings  of  equestrian  performances,  17S7,  '01,  fol.  A 
humorous  work  which  still  attracts  attention. 

Bunbury,  Sir  Henry.  Narratives  of  the  W.ars  with 
France,  17',iy-lSlll,  Lon.,  Svo.  Edited  ."^ir  Thomas  Han- 
mer's  Life  and  Correspondence,  Lon..  1S3S,  Svo.  In  this 
valuable  work  will  be  found  letters  from  Burke.  Prior, 
Goldsmith,  Pope,  Garrick,  Dr.  Young,  Lord  Nelson, 
Craldjc,  &c. 

"There  is  indeed  much  curious  literary  and  political  m.atter  in 
these  pa-ri'S." — Lim.  Likraiii  Ga-eUe. 

Bunbury,  Miss.  A  Visit  to  My  Birth  Place.  Thoughts 
in  Suffering.     Fear  Not. 

"  Christians,  while  here,  are  much  exposed  to.  and  frequently 
assailed  by.  formidable  spiritual  foes,  and  are  apt  to  give  place  to 
doubts  and  fear,s.  This  little  volume  is  prepared  to  inspire  them 
with  confidence,  and  to  dissipate  their  fears,  and  is  well  adapted 
to  answer  the  end  designed." — New  Meihod.  Comit'dion  Mug. 

Bunbury,  Miss  Selina.  Coombe  Abbey;  a  Tale, 
1843.  Svo.  Evelyn;  a  Novel,  1849,  2  vols.  p.  Svo.  Even- 
ings in  the  Pyrenees,  1848,  2  vols.  p.  Svo.  Rides  in  the 
Pyrenees,  1844,  2  vols.  p.  Svo.  Star  of  the  Court;  or  the 
Maid  of  Honour  and  Queen  of  England,  Anne  Boleyn, 
1845,  p.  Svo. 

"  To  point  a  moral  against  female  ambition,  vanity,  and  light- 
ness. The  commentary  is  elegant,  and  the  remarks  are  just." — 
Lon.  Sprrtatnr. 

"  A  more  appropriate  present  could  not  he  chosen."^B?oc7.iuoo(;'s 
Ladi/'s  M'lq. 

'•  This  is  a  charming  little  volume,  containing  all  the  fascination 
of  a  Komance,  with  the  sober  lessons  of  History."— a«>;  Asseinldee. 
Life  in  Sweden,  with  Excursions  in  Norway  and  Den- 
mark, Lon.,  2  vols. 

•■  Two  deliL'htful.  well-informed  volumes,  by  a  lady  of  much 
acuteness,  lively  imagination,  and  shrewd  observance.  The  work 
can  be  safely  recommended  to  the  reader  aa  the  freshest,  and  most 
certainly  the  truthfuUest,  publication  upon  the  North  that  has  of 
late  years  been  given  to  the  world." — Lon.  Observer. 

Russia  after  tho  War,  1S57,  2  vols.  p.  Svo.    Other  works. 
282 


BUN 

'      Bnnbury,  William.     Reports  of  Cases  in  the  Ex- 
'  chequer,  Ironi  thf  Beginning  of  the  Reign  of  Geo.  I.  to 
14  Geo.  II.,  pub.  from  his  own  MSS. ;  by  G.  Wilson,  Lon., 
1755,  fol.;  2d  edit.,  Dubl.,  1793,  Svo. 

■■  Mr.  Bunbury  never  meant  that  these  cases  should  have  been 
published."— LoKii  Mansfield. 

But  the  editor  was  Mr.  B.'s  son-in-law ;  and  it  is  to  ba 
presumed  that  he  was  correctly  informed  upon  the  subject. 
Bunee,  John.    St.  Chrysostom  Of  the  Priesthood;  in 
6  books  :  trans,  from  the  Greek,  1759,  p.  Svo. 
Buncle,  John.     See  Amory,  Thomas. 
Buncombe,  Samuel.     Sermon,  1767,  Svo. 
Bundy,  John.     The  Roman  History  from  the  French 
of  Catron  and  Riiuillc,  Lon.,  1728,  6  vols.  fol. 

Bnndy,  Richard,  D.D.,  d.  about  1739,  Prebendary 
of  Westminster.  A|qiaratus  Bildicus,  or  an  Introduction 
to  the  Holy  Scriptures,  from  the  French  of  Pcre  Lamy, 
Lon.,  1723.  4to.  Commended  by  Bishops  Watson  and 
Marsh.  The  English  trans,  contains  some  additional 
matter,  principally  taken  from  Lamy's  Do  Tabernaculo 
Fccderis.  Sermons,  1740,  2  vols.  Svo.  Sixteen  Sermons, 
1750,  Svo.  ^    .      ,, 

"  Easiness  of  stvle  and  clearness  of  method  characterize  the 
sermons  of  this  author;  he  was  a  pleasing  and  instructive 
preacher." — Darling'^  Ci/c.  Bihl. 

Bunn,  Alfred.  Poems.  1816,  Svo.  The  Stage,  both 
before  and  behind  the  Curtain,  from  "  Observations  taken 
on  the  Spot,"  Lon.,  1S40,  3  vols.  c.  Svo. 

'■I'uU  of  curious  and  interesting  details  respecting  modem 
actors  and  the  present  state  of  tlie  drama." 

Old  England  and  New  England,  2  vols.  p.  Svo. 
Bunney,  or  Bunny,  Edmund,  1540-1617,  educated 
at  Oxford,  became  proliationer  Fellow  of  Magdalen  Col- 
lege, and  was  appointed  Chaplain  to  Archbishop  Grindall. 
The  whole  Summe  of  Christi.an  Religion.  Lon.,  1676,  Svo. 
Abridgt.  of  Calvin's  Institutions,  1580,  Svo.  Certain 
Prayers,  &c.,  for  the  17th  Novemlier,  1586,  4to. 

'■  This  work,  as  I  take  it.  gave  birth  to  the  Accession  foi-m." — 

He  wrote  some  controversial  pamphlets  against  Parsons 
the  Jesuit,  and  pub.  some  other  theolog.  treatises. 

Bunney,  or  Bunny,  Edward.  Treatise  on  Pacifi- 
cation. Lon.,  1591. 

Bunney,  or  Bunny,  Francis,  L543-1617,  brother 
of  Edmund,  was  chosen  perpetual  Fellow  of  Magdalen 
College,  Oxford,  1562;  Archdeacon  of  Northumberland, 
1573.°  He  wrote  four  Tracts  against  Poi)ery,  1505,  1607. 
ASurvey  of  the  Pope's  Supremacy,  1595,  4to.  Exposition 
of  Romans  iii.  28,  1616,  4to.  Guide  to  Godliness,  1617, 
Svo.     He  left  a  Commentary  on  Joel,  in  MS. 

*•  This  person  was  very  zealous  in  the  way  he  professed,  was  a 

great  admirer  of  Jo.  Calvin,  a  constant  preacher,  charitable,  and  a 

stiff  enemy  to  Popeiy." — Aihat.  Oxrm. 

Bunninsr,  Charles.     Peace  in  our  Power.  1798,  Svo. 

Bunow,  Rev.  E.  J.     Elements  of  Conchology,  1815. 

Bunting,   Edward.     A   General   Collection   of  the 

Ancient  Music  of  Ireland,  consisting  of  upwards  of  165 

Airs,  Lon.,  1840.  4to.     The  importance  of  this  work  to  a 

proper  understanding  of  ancient  Irish  musical  science, 

need  not  be  enlarged  upon. 

Bunting,  Henry.  Itinerarinm  totius  Sacraj  Scrip- 
tura;;  or  the  Travels  of  the  Holy  Patriarchs,  Prophets, 
Judges,  Kings,  our  Saviour  Christ,  and  his  Apostles,  Ac, 
Lon..  1629.  4to.  There  have  been  several  foreign  editions 
of  this  work.  Chronologia  Servestoe,  1590.  Itinerarinm 
et  Chronicon  totius  S.  Scripturie,  Magdeb.,  1598.  fob  Di- 
visio  et  Distriliutio  Terra;  Canaan,  Ac,  Magdeb.,  1597. 
Chronologia  Catholica.  Magdeb.,  1606,  fob;  trans,  into 
German,  Magdeb.,  1008.  fol.  ^ 

Bunting,  Jabez,  D.D.,  1778-1858.  the  "Hercules 
of  moilorn  Methodism,"  was  a  native  of  Manchester,  Eng- 
land. A  Great  Work  Described  and  Recommended ;  in  a 
Sermon,  1805,  Svo.  Justification  by  Faith;  a  Sermon, 
1812,  Svo;  7th  edit,  Lon.,  1847,  Svo.  Memorials  of  the 
late  Rev.  Richard  Watson,  including  a  Funeral  Sermon 
on  John  viii.  51,  Lou.,  1833,  Svo. 

Bnnworth.  Richard.     Med.  Works.  Ac,  1666,   62. 
Bunyan.  llunii>hrcy.      Epithalamium  on  a  recent 
Marriage,  IS]  2. 

Bnnyan,  John,  1628-1688,  is  one  of  the  most  remark- 
able instances  of  tho  acquisition  of  great  fame  where  no- 
thing was  designed  but  the  simple  discharge  of  duty.  He 
was  the  son  of  a  tinker  residing  at  Elstow  in  Bedfordshire: 

'■  Foi-  my  descent  then,  it  was,  as  is  well  known  by  many,  of  a 
low  and  incnn^idci-able  generation,  my  father's  house  being  of  that 
rank  thai  is  meaoesi  and  most  despised  of  all  the  families  of  the 
\and:'~Aut"hJnfjn'phij. 

By  his  father's  care,  who  taught  him  his  own  trade,  ho 
was'placed  at  school,  where  he  obtained  the  first  rudiments 
of  an  English  education : 


BUN 

«  ThouKh  to  my  shame.  I  confess,  I  did  soon  lose  that  I  had 
learned.  »nen  almost  utterly,  and  that  long  before  the  Lord  did 
work  bis  [;raci()us  work  of  conversion  upon  my  soul." 

His  youth  gave  little  promise  of  the  exemplary  piety 
for  which  he  was  afterwards  noted.  Some  of  his  modern 
biographers  have  taken  strange  liberties  with  the  facts  of 
the  case,  by  seeking  to  represent  his  character  at  thia 
period  as  much  better  than  it  really  was.  If  we  can  be- 
lieve his  own  words,  he  led  a  very  dissolute  life,  and  seems 
anxious  to  acknowledge  his  transgresi^ions,  that  he  might 
magnify  tlje  mercy  which  snatched  him  from  the  "hnrri- 
ble  pit  and  the  miry  clay."  Such  instances  of  "  Grace 
Abounding"  are  of  great  value,  and  should  teach  ns  never 
to  du.«p:iir  of.  nor  cease  to  labour  for,  the  reformation  and 
conversion  uf  the  most  vicious.  He  tells  us,  with  his  own 
simple  pathos,  the  manner  in  which  his  conscience  re- 
ceived an  impression  which  led  to  the  happiest  results  for 
his  future  character: 

"As  I  was  standing  at  a  neighbour's  shop-window,  and  there 
cursiui^  and  swearing  after  my  wonted  manner,  there  sat  within 
the  woman  of  the  house,  who  heard  me:  and  though  she  was  a 
very  loose  and  ungodly  wretch,  yet  protested  that  1  swore  and 
cursed  at  that  most  fearful  ratj?,  that  she  was  made  to  tremble  to 
bear  me.  ...  At  this  reproof,  I  was  silenced,  and  put  to  secret 
shame,  and  that,  too,  as  I  thou;.;ht,  before  the  God  of  Ueaven; 
wheref-^re.  while  I  stood  there.  hangini:i  down  my  head.  I  wished 
that  I  mi^'ht  be  a  little  child  again,  that  my  father  might  learn  me 
to  speak  without  this  wicked  way  of  swearing." 

What  an  encouragement  is  this  to  reprove  profanity, 
and,  indeed,  to  proffer  good  advice  even  to  those  who  seem 
the  most  unlikely  to  be  edified!  "Blessed  are  they  that 
sow  beside  all  waters."  "  Thou  kuowest  not  which  shiiU 
prosper,  this  or  that." 

At  the  early  age  of  nineteen,  he  married  a  wife  "whose 
father  and  mother  were  counted  godly."  This  connex- 
ion was  of  great  advantage  to  him:  his  immor;il  habits 
were  laid  aside,  and  he  was  so  much  pleased  with  this 
improvement,  that  he  tells  us,  "I  thought  no  man  in 
England  could  please  God  better  than  I."  He  was  fa- 
voured with  more  correct  views  both  of  his  own  depra- 
vity, and  of  the  justifying  grace  which  is  in  Ciirist  Jesus; 
and  in  the  year  1053  he  was  considered  qualified  for  ad- 
mission into  a  Baptist  congregation  at  Bedford.  Two 
years  later,  on  the  death  of  the  pastor,  he  was  urged  to 
preach  to  tlic  congregation,  at  least  fur  a  season.  He  was 
eagerly  heard  both  in  Bedford  and  in  the  adjoining  parts 
of  the  country.  After  preaching  for  some  five  years,  Juttice 
Wingate,  who  declared  he  would  break  the  neck  of  such 
meetings,  issued  an  indictment  against  him,  which  ran  in 
these  words  : 

"John  Bunyan  bath  devilishly  and  perniciously  abstained  from 
coming  to  church  to  hear  divine  service,  and  is  a  common  upholder 
of  several  unlawful  meetings  and  conventicles,  to  the  disturbance 
and  distraction  of  the  good  subjects  of  this  kingdom;  contrary  to 
the  laws  of  our  sovereign  lord  and  king."' 

He  was  cast  into  Bedford  jail,  where  were  about  sixty 
Dissenters,  and 

"  Here  with  only  two  books,— the  Bible  and  Fox's  Book  of  Mar- 
tyrs,—he  employed  his  time  fcr  twelve  years  and  a  half,  in  preach- 
ing to,  and  pinying  with,  his  fellow- prisoners,  in  writing  si^veral 
of  his  works,  and  in  making  tagged  laces  for  the  support  of  him- 
self and  family." — Da.  Baklow. 

Bishop  Lincoln — to  his  praise,  be  it  recorded — procured 
his  enlargement  in  1672.  He  visited  his  religious  brethren 
in  various  parts  of  England,  exhorting  them  to  good  works 
and  holiness  of  life;  by  these  visitations,  he  acquired  the 
name  of  Bishop  Bunyan.  When  James  II.  issued  his 
proclamation  for  liberty  of  conscience  to  Dissenters,  Bunyan 
built  a  meeting-house  at  Bedford.  He  annually  visited 
his  Baptist  brethren  in  London,  where  such  was  his  popu- 
larity that  the  meeting-house  was  too  strait  for  his  hearers. 
During  one  of  these  journeys,  he  was  overtaken  by  a 
violent  storm  of  rain,  from  which  he  contracted  a  cold, 
which  ended  fatally,  at  his  lodgings  in  Snow-hill,  August 
31st,  16SS. 

Bunyan  wrote  many  works  ;  it  is  said  as  many  as  he  was 
years  of  age,  (fiO,)  l)ut  is  chiefly  known  by  that  wonderful 
production,  "  Pilgrim's  Progress,"  the  fruit  of  his  imprison- 
ment, and,  we  had  almost  said,  valuable  enough  to  recon- 
cile us  to  the  wickedness  of  that  persecuting  spirit  that 
thus  unwittingly  educed  good  from  evil.  But,  no  ;  we  abhor 
the  crime,  while  we  rejoice  that  it  was  overruled  to  such 
happy  results.  In  accordance  with  what  we  esteem  one 
of  the  most  valuable  features  of  our  work,  we  shall  pro- 
ceed to  give  the  opinions  of  various  eminent  authorities 
upon  the  merits  of  the  best-known  uninspired  allegory 
which  has  been  composed  by  the  wit  of  man. 

"  It  is  not  known."  sitys  I)r.  ^iouthey,  (who  has  written  the  life 
of  Bunyan.t  "in  what  year  'The  I'ilgdm's  Progress'  was  first 
published:  no  copy  of  the  first  editi'in  having  as  yet  been  dis- 
covered. The  second  is  in  the  British  Museum:  it  is  with  addi- 
tions, and  its  date  is  167S.    But  as  the  work  is  known  to  have 


BUN 

been  written  during  Bunyan's  imprisonment,  which  terminated 
in  1672.  it  was  probably  published  before  his  release,  or,  at  latest, 
immediately  after  it." 

It  had  reached  the  tenth  edition  in  16S5  !  Bunyan,  in 
the  preface  to  the  second  part,  published  in  1684,  com- 
plains that 

"  Some  have  of  late,  to  counterfeit 
My  Pilgrim,  to  their  own  my  title  set:  "    " 

Yea.  others,  half  my  name  and  title  too. 
Have  stitched  to  their  books,  to  make  them  do." 
If  not  very  poetical,  this  is  sufBciently  significant* 
The  third  part,  denied  to  be  Bunyan's,  appeared  in  lOOS- 
It  has  been  suggested  that  the  hint  of  the  Pilgrim's  Pro- 
gress was  taken  from  an  allegory  written  by  the  Rev. 
Richard  Bernard, — The  Isle  of  Man ;  or  Legal  Proceed- 
ings in  Manshire  against  Sin,  Lon.,  1627  :  this  work  seems 
to  have  been  as  popular  as  Bunyan's,  having  also  reached 
the  tenth  edition  in  eight  years,- — It)u5.  Bunyan's  Pil- 
grim has  been  translated  into  almost  every  modern  Euro- 
pean tongue,  and  is  perhaps  the  most  popular  religious 
work  ever  written. 

"  If  this  work  is  not  a  '  well  of  English  undefiled,'  it  is  a  clear 
stream  of  current  English,  the  vernacular  speech  of  his  age ;  some- 
times, indeed,  in  its  rusticity  and  coarseness,  but  always  in  its 
plainness  and  its  strength.  To  this  natural  style.  Bunyan  is  in 
some  degree  beholden  for  his  general  popularity;  his  language  is 
everywhere  level  to  the  most  ignorant  reader,  and  to  the  meanest 
capacity :  there  is  a  homely  reality  about  it ;  a  nursery  tale  is  not 
more  intelligil'le  in  its  manner  of  uarration  to  a  child.  Another 
cause  of  liis  pnpnlaiity  is.  that  he  taxes  the  imagination  as  little 
as  the  understanding.  The  vividness  of  his  own  imagination  is 
such,  that  be  saw  the  things  of  which  he  was  writing  as  distinctly 
with  his  mind's  eye  as  if  they  were  indeed  passing  befnr.'  liini  in 
a  dream.  And  the  reader,  perhaps,  sees  them  more  sati^l■;^(■torily 
to  himself  bt-i-aus.-  the  outline  only  of  the  picture  is  preseiittd  to 
him.  and  tbi-  aiitbrr  having  made  no  attempt  to  fill  up  the  details, 
everv  readi-r  supple  -^  theni  according  to  the  measure  and  scope  of 
his  own  intellectual  and  imaginative  powers."" — Sovthey. 

Mr.  Ivimey,  another  biographer  of  Bunyan's,  thus 
speaks  of  the  basis  of  this  allegory : 

"The  plan  of  this  work  is  admirable,  being  drawn  from  the  cir- 
cumstances of  his  own  life,  as  a  stranger  and  pilgrim,  who  had 
left,  the  'City  of  Destruction'  upon  a  journey  towards  the  '  Celestial 
Country.'  The  diflBculties  he  met  with  in  his  determination  to 
serve  .Tesus  Clnist,  suggested  the  many  circumstances  of  danger 
through  which  this  pilgrim  passed.  The  versatile  conduct  of 
.some  professors  of  religion,  suggested  the  different  iharacters  which 
Chiistian  met  with  in  his  way  :  these,  most  probably,  were  persons 
whom  he  well  knew,  and  who,  jjerhaps,  woxild  be  individually 
read  at  the  time." 

Bunyan  seems  to  have  been  sorely  perplexed  by  the 
conflicting  advice  of  his  friends  as  to  the  expediency  or 
otherwise  of  printing  his  "  little  book  :" 

"  .'^ome  sjiid.  John,  print  it;  others  said.  Not  so; 
Some  said  it  might  do  good,  others  said,  No." 
Thus  difierently  advi.«ed, 

'■  Now  was  I  in  a  stniit.  and  did  not  see 
M  hiih  was  the  best  thing  to  be  done  by  me." 
He  decided,  as  authors  generally  do  in  such  cases: 
"  At  last  I  thought,  since  you  are  thus  divided, 
I  print  it  will;  and  so  tlie  case  decided." 
"Ingenious  dreamer!  in  whose  well-told  tale 
Sweet  fiction  and  sweet  truth  alike  prevail; 
■\Vhose  humorous  vein,  strong  sense,  and  simple  style, 
May  teach  the  gayest,  make  the  gravest  smile;  ^ 

Uitty,  and  well eionployed.  and.  like  thy  Lord, 
Speaking  in  parables  his  slighted  word  ;— 
1  name  thee  not.  lest  so  despised  a  name 
Should  move  a  sneer  at  thy  deserved  liune." — Cowper. 
It  is  a  curious  fact  that  Bunyan's  prison  companion, 
Fox's  Book  of  Martyrs,  (his  only  book  save  the  Bilde.) 
was  sold  in  17S0  to  Mr.  Wantncr  of  the  Priories;  it  was 
inherited  by  his  daughter,  Mrs.  Parnoll  of  Botolph  Lane; 
and  afterwards  purchased  by  subscription  for  the  Bedford- 
shire General  Library.     It  is  enriched  with  the  poor  pri- 
soner's annotations,  in  rhyme,  one  of  which  we  quote;  it 
is  a  comment  upon  the  account  of  Gardiner's  death: 
"The  blood,  the  blood  that  he  did  shed 
Is  falling  on  his  one  [own]  head; 
And  dreadful  it  is  for  to  see 
The  beginers  of  his  misere." 
Bunyan  had  a  talent  for  repartee.     A  Qunker  visited 
him  in  Bedford  jail,  and  declared  that  by  the  order  of  the 
Lord  he  had  sought  for  him  in  half  the  prisons  of  England. 
'■  If  the  Lord  had  sent  you.''  replied  the  prisoner,  "  you  need 
not  have   taken  so  much  trouble  to  find  me  out:  for  the  Lord 
knows  that  I  have  been  a  prisoner  in  Bedford  jail  for  the  last 
twelve  years." 

Mr.  Granger  remarks, 

"  Bunyan.  whn  has  been  mentioned  among  the  least  and  lowest 
of  our  writers,  and  even  ridiculed  as  a  driveller  by  those  who  had 
never  read  him.  deserves  a  much  higher  rank  than  is  commonly 
imagined.  His  Pilgrim's  Progress  gives  us  a  clear  and  distinct 
idea  of  Calvinistic  divinity.  In  the  first  part,  the  allegory  is  ad- 
mii-ably  carried  on.  and  the  characters  justly  drawn,  and  uniformly 
supported.  The  author's  original  and  pontic  genius  shines  through 
the  coarseness  and  vulgarity  of  his  language,  and  intimates  that 
if  he  had  been  a  master  of  numbers,  he  might  have  composed  a 

283 


BUN 

poem  worthy  of  Spenser  himself.  As  this  opinion  may  be  deemed 
paradoxi.-al.  I  shall  venture  to  name  two  persons  of  eminence  ot 
th.-  siiUK'  sentiments;  one,  the  late  Mr.  Merrick  of  Iteading;  the 
other,  Dr.  Koberts,  now  Fellow  of  Eton  College." 

"  Mr.  Merrick  has  been  heard  to  say,  in  conversation,  that  his  in- 
Tention  was  like  that  of  Uomer."' 

Lord  Karnes  makes  a  remark  of  a  similar  character;  he 
describes  the  Pilgrim's  Progress  as 

*'  Comprised  in  a  style  enlivened,  like  that  of  Homer,  by  aproper 
mixture  uf  thf'  dnimatiL-  and  narrative,  and  upon  that  a'ccount  it 
has  been  translatnl  into  most  EuropeJtn  languages." 
Dean  Swjlt  derlared,  that 

''  He  had  been  better  entertained,  and  more  informed,  by  a 
chapter  in  the  Pi]f,nim"s  Progress,  than  by  a  long  discourse  upon 
the  will  and  intellect,  and  simple  or  complex  ideas." 

Dr.  Radcliffe  terms  this  alle;,njrj  a  "  phoenix  in  a  cage." 
"  Honest  John  Bunyan  is  the  lirst  nian  I  know  of.  who  has  min- 
gled narrative  and  dialogue  together;  a  mode  of  writing  very  en- 
gaging to  the  reader,  who,  in  the  most  interesting  passages,  finds 
himself  admitted,  as  it  were,  into  the  company,  and  present  at  the 
conversation.'' — Dr.  Frvnkun. 

'•  Bunyan's  Pilgrim  was  a  Christian,  but  Patrick's  only  a  Pedlar." 
When  Charles  II.  expressed  his  surprise  to  Dr.  Owen 
tiiat  a  man  of  his  learning  could  "  sit  and  hear  an  illite- 
rate tinker  prate,"  the  doctor  answered  : 

"  May  it  please  your  majesty,  cnuld  I  possess  that  tinker's  abi- 
lities for  preaching,  I  would  most  gladly  relinquish  all  my  learn- 
ing." 

Mr.  Condor,  in  his  biographical  sketch  of  our  author, 
has  vin(li«.'ated  him  from  some  erroneous  representations 
which  he  considers  Dr.  Southey  to  have  made  in  his  Life 
of  Bunyan.  In  the  good  tinker's  own  day,  "  erroneous 
representations"  of  him  were  not  unknown,  for  we  find  an 
account  of  a  work  with  this  most  ungracious  title — Dirt 
wiped  out,  or  a  manifest  Discovery  of  the  gross  Ignorance. 
Erroneousness,  and  most  unchristian  and  wicked  spirit  of 
one  John  Bunyan.  Lay  preacher  in  Bedford,  (fee,  Lon., 

1672,  by .     But  we  forbear  to  give  the  author's  name. 

Those  who  desire  to  have  a  faithful  account  of  the  strug- 
gles and  trials  of  Bunyan,  should  read  his  Grace  Abound- 
ing to  the  Chief  of  Sinners ;  nor  should  The  Holy  War 
made  by  King  Shaddai  upon  Diabolus.  &q..  be  ncgief^ted. 
Of  the  Pilgrim's  Progress  Mr.  Joseph  Ivimey  wrote  a  con- 
tinuation, of  which  Lowndes  thus  speaks: 

"The  allegory  is  in  many  places  singularly  well  sust.ained,  and 
the  performance  is  in  every  way  creditable  to  the  talents  and  in- 
formation of  the  writer." 

"  Bunyan's  Pilgrim's  Progress  and  The  Holy  War  are  inimitable 
specimens  of  genius  and  humour  in  the  serviie  nf  exp<iiiiu-ntal 
religion.  His  works  display  an  original  genius,  iliptli  of  (^'biistian 
experience,  and  much  greater  precision  of  thought  and  expression 
than  might  have  been  expected  from  a  man  who  made  no  preten- 
sions to  litfrature." — Dn.  Williams. 

"  Bedford  jail  was  that  den  wherein  Bunyan  dreamed  his  dream : 
The  Pilgrim's  Progress,  a  book  which  the  child  and  his  grand- 
mother read  with  equal  delight;  and  which,  more  than  almost 
any  other  work,  may  be  said  to  be 

'  Meet  for  all  hours,  and  every  mood  of  man,' 
was  written  in  prison,  where  Bunyan  preached  to  his  fellow-pri- 
soners, supported  his  family  by  making  tugged  laces,  and  filled  up 
his  leisure  by  writing  a  .onsiit.Tatile  part  of  two  finlio  volumes. 
The  work  by  which  he  inniinitali/ni  himself  grew  from  a  sudden 
thought  which  occurred  wliile  \u-  was  writing  in  a  different  strain. 
Its  progress  he  relates  oddly  enough  in  his  rhyming  apology,  but 
more  curiously  in  some  ver.ses  prefixed  to  the  Holy  War: 
'  It  came  from  mine  own  heart,  so  to  my  he:id, 
And  thence  into  my  fingers  trickeled  ; 
So  to  my  pen,  from  whence  immediately. 
On  paper  I  did  dribble  it  daintily.' 
These  curinus  verses  conclude  with  an  anagram,  made  in  noble 
contempt  of  orthography. 

*  Witness  my  name:  if  anagram'd  it  be, 
The  letters  make  jVk  h'my  in  a  B.' 
.  .  .  Blind  reasoners,  who  do  not  see  that  it  is  to  their  intellect, 
not  to  their  principles  of  dissent,  that  Milton  and  Bunyan  and 
De  Foe  owe  their  immortality  I  stninge  company,  we  confess,  but 
each  incomparable  in  his  way."— Zon.  Quarterly  Review. 

'•  I  know  of  no  book,  the  Bible  excepted,  as  above  all  compari- 
son, which  I,  according  to  my  judgment  and  expeiience.  could  so 
safely  recommend  as  teaching  and  enforcing  the  whole  saving 
truth,  according  to  the  mind  that  was  in  Christ  Jesus,  as  the  Pil- 
grim's Progress.  It  is.  in  my  conviction,  incomparably  the  best 
Summa  Theologies  Evangelict'e  ever  produced  by  a  writer  not 
miraculously  Inspired.  ...  It  is  composed  in  the  lowest  style  of 
English,  without  slang  or  false  grannnar.  If  you  were  to  polish 
it,  you  would  at  once  destroy  tlin  n-.-ility  of  the  vision.  For  works 
of  imasination  should  be  written  in  "very  plain  language;  the 
more  purely  imaginative  they  are,  the  more  nei-essary  it  is  to  be 
plain.  This  wonderful  book  is  one  of  the  few  books  "which  may 
be  read  repeatedly,  at  different  times,  and  each  time  with  a  new 
and  a  different  pleasure.  I  read  it  once  as  a  theologian,  and  let 
mo  assure  y-iu  that  ilnre  is  great  theological  acumen  in  the  work; 
once  with  devotional  fc.Hngs;  and  once  as  a  poet.  I  could  not 
have  believed  betiirehand,  that  Calvinism  could  be  painted  in 
such  delightful  colours." — Coleriuce. 

It  is  no  slight  evidence  of  the  great  merit  of  our  author 
that  critics  of  such  opposite  tastes  in  many  pnrticnlars,  vie 
with  each  other  in  commendation  of  the  Tinker  of  Bed- 
ford.    Hear  Dr.  Johnson  on  this  theme : 

234 


BUN 

"April  30, 1773.  Johnson  praised  John  Bunyan  highly.  His 
pilgrim's  Progress  has  great  merit,  both  fl.ir  invention,  iiiiaginar 
tiiin.  and  the  conduct  of  the  story ;  and  it  has  had  the  best  evi- 
dence of  its  merit,  the  general  and  continued  approbation  of  man- 
kind. Few  books,  I  believe,  have  had  a  more  ext-.-nsive  sale.  It 
is  remarkable,  that  it  begins  very  much  like  the  poem  of  ljant«; 
yet  there  was  no  translation  of  Dante  when  Bunyan  wrote.  There 
is  reason  to  think  that  he  had  read  Spenser."— ^osiyeH's  Lift  of 
Johnson. 

"Perhaps  there  is  no  tiook,  with  the  single  exception  of  the 
Bible,  that  has  been  so  wid,  ly  .iiiTiised.  translated  into  so  many 
languages,  and  that  is  fitted  to  take  so  firm  a  hold  of  the  minds 
both  of  old  and  young,  of  learned  an.l  nnlenrued,  as  the  Pilgrim's 
Progress.  Its  unity  of  design  and  l.-rlililv  oi  iuvention.  the  poetic 
tancy  it  displays,  and  the  grapbi,;  lailhruliass  of  the  pictures  it 
contiiins  both  of  life  and  manners ;  these,  together  with  its  scrip- 
tural truth  and  great  practical  utility,  have  obtained  for  this  de- 
lightful allegory  a  popularity  no  less  great  than  it  promises  to  be 
enduring.  Its  meiits,  indeed,  are  incontestable.'' — Dr.  Jamieson. 
"  It  is,  indeed,  one  of  the  most  extraordinary  productions  of  any 
age  or  country;  and  its  popularity  is,  perhaps,  unrivalled.  .  .  . 
Though  upon  the  most  serious  of  subjects,  it  is  read  by  children 
with  as  much  pleasure  as  are  the  fictions  written  professedly  for 
their  amusement." — Mills. 

"Bunyan  is  unjustly  despised  by  some;  his  natural  talents 
and  evangelical  prin.  i|il,s  :tnd  pii-ty  ar.-aduiiral.de." — Bickersteth. 
"In  what  then  consists  Ilir  jnTuliar  .harm  uf  this  strange  and 
original  fiction — a  chaiin  wliirh  reiideis  the-  rude  pages  of  Bunyan 
as  familiar  and  delightful  to  a  child  as  they  are  attractive  to  the 
less  impressionable  mind  of  critical  manhood?  It  is  the  homely 
earnestness,  the  idiomatic  vigour  of  the  style;  it  is  the  fearless 
straightforwardness  of  the  conceptions,  and  the  inexhaustible  rich- 
ness of  imagery  and  adventures." — Prof.  T.  B.  Shaw, 

"What  an  illustrious  instance  of  the  superiority  of  goodness 
over  learning!  Who  now  reads  the  learned  wits  of  the  reign  of 
Charles  the  Second'^  Who  comparatively  reads  even  Dryden.  or 
Tillotson,  or  Barrow,  or  Boyle,  or  Sir  William  Temple?  Who  has 
not  i-e^id,  who  will  not  read,  the  imniurfal  epic  of  John  Bunyan? 
Who  does  not,  who  will  not  ever,  villi  C'lwiier, 

'  Revere  the  man  whose  pilgrim  marks  the  road, 
And  guides  the  progress  of  the  soul  to  God ;'  " 

C.  D.  Cleveland. 
"Disraeli  has  well  designated  Bunyan  as  the  Spenser  of  the 
people;  everyone  familiar  with  his  Faery  Queen  must  acknow- 
ledge the  truth  of  the  description.  If  it  were  not  ap|,.arently  in- 
congruous, we  would  call  him,  in  another  score,  the  spiritual 
Shakspeare  of  the  world:  for  the  accuracy  and  charm  with  which 
he  has  delineated  the  changes  and  progress  of  the  spiritual  life, 
are  not  less  exquisite  than  that  of  Shakspeare  in  the  Seven  Ages, 
aud  innumerable  scenes  of  human  life."— iV.  ^mcr/ca/i  Jievlew, 
vol.  xxxvi. 

''  The  style  of  Bunyan  is  delightful  to  every  reader,  and  invalu- 
able as  a  study  to  every  person  who  wishes  to  obtain  a  wide  com- 
mand over  the  English  language.  The  vocabulary  is  the  vocabu- 
lary of  the  common  people.  There  is  not  an  expression,  if  we 
except  a  few  technical  terms  of  theology,  which  would  puzzle  the 
rudest  peasant.  We  have  observed  several  pages  which  do  not 
contain  a  single  word  of  more  than  two  syllables.  Yet  no  writer 
has  s;iid  more  exactly  what  he  meant  to  say.  For  magnificence, 
for  pathos,  for  vehement  exhortation,  for  subtle  disijuisition,  for 
every  purpose  of  the  poet,  the  orator,  and  the  divine,  this  homely 
dialect,  the  dialect  of  plain  workingmen,  was  perfectly  sufficient. 
There  is  no  book  in  our  literature  on  which  we  could  so  readily 
stake  the  fame  of  the  old  unpolluted  English  language;  no  book 
which  shows  so  well  how  rich  that  language  is  in  its  own  proper 
wealth,  and  how  little  it  has  been  improved  by  ;ill  that  it  has  bor- 
rowed. .  .  .  We  are  not  afraid  to  ^v  that,  tboUL'h  there  were 
many  clever  men  in  England  duringlhe  latter  half  of  the  seven- 
teenth century,  there  were  only  two  great  creative  minds.  One 
of  those  minds  produced  the  Paradise  Lost,  the  other,  the  Pil- 
grim's Progress." — T.  B.  Macaulat. 

'■  The  Pilgrim's  Progress  was  so  acceptable  to  the  common  peo- 
ple, by  reason  of  the  amusing  and  parabolical  manner  of  its  com- 
position, by  way  of  vision,  a  method  he  was  thoui^ht  to  have  such 
an  extraordinary  knack  in,  that  some  thought  there  were  commu- 
nications made  to  him  in  dreams,  aud  that  he  first  really  dreamt 
over  the  matt^?r  contained  in  such  of  his  writings.  This  notion 
was  not  a  little  propagated  by  his  picture  before  some  of  these 
books,  which  is  represented  in  a  sleeping  posture." — OMf/a^s  MSS. 
"  He  had  the  invention,  but  not  the  other  natural  qualifications 
which  are  necessary  to  constitute  a  great  poet.  If  his  genius  had 
intended  him  to  be  any  thing  more  than  a  poet  in  prose,  it  would 
probably,  like  Shakspeare's,  have  broken  through  every  difficulty 
of  birth  and  station," — Dr.  Kippis. 

"The  originality  of  Bunyan's  genius  is  strikingly  displayed  in 
the  Holy  War.  Indeed,  the  Holy  War  has  no  prototype  in  any 
language."— Dn.  Cheever;  see  his  Lectures  on  Pilgrim's  Progress. 
Among  the  editors  of  Pilgrim's  Pror^ress  and  bio-^ra- 
phers  of  Bunyan  may  be  mentioned  Southey,  Ivimey, 
Offer,  Burder,  Gilpin,  Mason,  Montgomery,  Philip,  Scott, 
Conder,  aud  St.  John.  Bunyan's  Works.  2  vols,  fol,  1602, 
1736.  '37,  '60,  with  Preface  by  G.  Whitetield.  17(^7; 
2  vols,  fol,  Edin.,  1771  ;  6  vols.  8vo.  with  Notes  by 
Mason,  Lon.,  1784,  6  vols.  Svoj  best  ed.,  by  Offer,  3  vols, 
r.  8vo,  Lon.,  1853. 

Oldys  mentions  it  as  the  observation  of  the  anonymous 
author  of  a  discourse  concerning  Ridicule  and  Irony  in 
Writing,  printed  in  1729,  that  Bunyan's  Pilgrim's  Pro- 
gress had  infinitely  outdone  a  certain  publication  which 
the  author  mentions,  which  perhaps  hnd  not  made  one 
convert  to  infidelity  ;  whereas  the  Pilgrim's  Progress  had 
converted  many  sinners  to  Christ. 


BUN 

The  Retrospective  Review,  in  comparing  Beaumont's 
Psyche  with  some  of  Bunyan's  characters,  remarks, 

"  As  an  allegory,  Psycho  is  exceedingly  meagre  and  inartificial : 
the  heroine  hersulf  is  a  vague,  featiireleas  personificatinn,  and  her 
attendants.  Logos  and  Thelt-ma,  (the  reason  and  the  will.)  are  poor 
and  lifelfss  compared  with  the  bustling  and  dramatic  personages 
of  our  old  friend  Bunyan  in  the  siege  of  Mansoul, — My  Lord  Will- 
be-Will,  Mr.  Kecorder  Conscience,  and  the  rest." — Vol.  xii. 

The  same  excellent  periodical  considers  that  there  are 
good  reasons  for  the  conjecture  that  Bunyan's  Pilgrim's 
Progress  was  suggested  by  John  Oarthemy's  Voyage  of 
the  Wandering  Knight,  translated  by  Goodyeare  some 
years  before  Bunyan's  imprisonment  in  Bedford  jail.  We 
shall  only  remark  that,  If  a  supposed  or  even  real  simi- 
larity between  the  productions  of  the  human  mind  is  to  be 
accepted  as  a  proof  of  derivation,  then — to  use  a  favourite 
phrase  of  Dr.  Johnson — of  such  conjectures  "there  will  be 
no  end."  There  is,  however,  a  striking  resemblance  be- 
tween some  of  the  adventures  of  the  Wandering  Knight 
and  those  of  Bunyan's  Pilgrim.    See  Rctrosp.  Rev.,  i.  260. 

Bunyoii,  C.  J.     Law  of  Life  Assurance,  Lon.,  Svo. 

Bui'bury,  I>Irs.  Collects,  Epistles,  and  Gospels  Ex- 
plained, Lon.,  12mo.  Florence  Sackville ;  or,  Self-De- 
pendence,  1S51,  3  vols.  p.  Svo.     Other  works. 

"Mrs.  Burbury  possesses  a  clear  appreciation  of  humour  and 
pathos,  a  tirm  hand  in  noting  down  the  boundary  lines  and  salient 
filatures  of  character,  and  a  constancy  to  the  Ifading  plan  and  pur- 
pose of  her  story.  The  story  of  poor  Milly — the  pathos  of  which 
is  feai-ful — would  alone  justify  us  in  plafing  Mrs.  Burbury  high 
amoni;  modern  novelists." — Lon.  AOu-TKrum. 

Burbury,  John*  History  of  Christianna  Alessandra, 
Lon.,  1I>5S,  12mo.  Relation  of  a  Journey  of  Lord  Henry 
Howard  (afterwards  Duke  of  Norfolk)  "from  London  to 
Vienna,  and  thenee  to  Constantinople,  Lon.,  1671,  12mo. 

Burch,  Thomas.  The  Free  Grace  of  God  Displayed 
in  the  Salvation  of  Men;  two  Essays,  175f),  Svo. 

•■  At  thL'  requfst  of  the  worthy  Author  of  the  following  Essays,  I 
have  perused  tlitin;  and  oliS(.'rve  nothing  in  Iheni  Imt  whatis  agree- 
ahte  to  the  sacred  Scriptures,  to  the  form  of  sound  Woids,  to  the 
analo;ry  of  Faith,  and  the  doctrine  of  the  IJospel." — Dr.  (Jill. 

Burchall,  James.    Con.  to  Med.  Obs.  &,  Inq.,  iii.  106. 

Burchell,  Joseph.  Digest  of  the  Laws  in  the  King's 
Bench  and  Common  Pleas  from  1756  to  1794,  inclusive, 
Lon..  1796.  Svo.     Other  legal  works,  Ac,  1801,  '02.  '08. 

Burchell,  William  J-  Travels  in  the  Interior  of 
Southern  Alricii,  Lon.,  1822-24,  2  vols.  4to. 

'■The  enteiprising  and  successfiU  exertions  of  Burchell  have 
taught  us  that  there  are  scarcely  any  assignable  limits  to  human 
courage  and  enthusiasm.  .  .  .  These  travels  were  undertaken  with 
the  intention  of  exploring  the  unknown  countrii'S  lying  between 
tlio  Cape  of  Good  Hope  and  the  I'ortULruisc  Srttl.-m.-nts  on  thf 
Western  Coast,  by  a  circuitous  track  intu  the  lut-iior  Kegions. 
The  author,  after  penetrating  into  the  h<_-art  of  the  Continent  to 
the  depth  of  nt-arly  t-li-veii  hundred  miles,  to  a  country  never  be- 
fore described,  met  with  obstacles  which  it  was  found  impossible 
to  surmount,  and  which  (impelled  him  to  alter  the  original  plan 
of  his  route.  .  .  .  His  researches  have  embraced  that  variety  of 
subjects  which  a  journey  over  ground  never  before  trodden  by 
European  foot,  and  through  the  strange  and  unknown  regions  of 
Africa,  might  be  expectt-d  to  alTord." — Dihdui's  Lib.  Onnpmion. 

Burches,  George.  The  Doctrine  of  Original  Sin 
Maintained  on  Ps.  li.  5,  Lon.,  1655,  Svo. 

Burchett,  Josiah,  Secretary  of  the  Admiralty.  Me- 
moirs of  Transactions  at  Sea,  during  the  War  witli  France, 
1688-97,  Lon.,  170;i,  Svo;  1720,  fol.  This  elicited  Col. 
Luke  Lilliugton's  Reflections  on  Mr.  Barchell's  Memoirs, 
Ac..  Lon.,  1704,  Svo.  Mr.  B.  responded  in  a  Justification 
of  his  Naval  Memoirs,  in  answer  to  Col.  L.'s  Reflections, 
1704,  Svo.  Complete  History  of  the  most  remarkable 
Transactions  at  Sea,  from  the  earliest  accounts  of  Time,  to 
the  conclusion  of  the  last  war  with  France,  Lon.,  1720,  fol. 
'■The  great  progenitor  of  all  those  ponderous  tomes  of  verbosity, 
fallacy,  and  blunders,  which  for  a  century  have  been  palmed  upon 
the  publii!  as 'standard  authorities' in  naval  history  and  naval 
biojraphy." 

For  an  account  of  this  work — "  the  first  British  author- 
ity which  sought  to  achieve  the  bold  and  perilous  nnder- 
tuking  of  chronicling  occurrences  afloat  from  the  earliest 
accounts  of  time" — see  The  Naval  Sketch  Book. 

Burchett,  M.  The  Ark;  a  Poem,  in  imitation  of  Du 
Bartas,  Lon.,  1714,  4to. 

Burchyer,  Henry.  Authenticity  of  the  word  Ster- 
lin;;oruin  ur  Stcrlin^j;.  See  Hearne's  Collections,  ii. 321, 1771. 
Bnrckhardt,  John  Ludwig,  1784—1817,  a  native 
of  Lausanne,  Switzerland,  arrived  in  London,  July,  1806, 
with  a  letter  from  the  celebrated  Blumenbaeh  to  Sir  Joseph 
Banks.  In  May,  1808,  he  was  engaged  by  the  African 
Association  to  make  an  attempt  to  penetrate  into  the  in- 
terior of  Africa  from  the  North.  He  sailed  from  Ports- 
mouth in  March,  1809.  and  was  engaged  until  the  time  of 
his  death  in  making  arrangements  for  prosecuting  the  ob- 
ject of  his  mission.    He  encountered  great  hardships,  and 


BUR 

at  last,  like  Belzoni,  fell  a  victim  to  dysentery,  Oct.  15, 
1817,  when  making  preparations  to  commence  his  long- 
delayed  journey  to  Fezzan,  to  explore  the  source  of  the 
Niger.  His  Journal  and  Memoranda,  whieh  he  had  par 
tially  prepared  for  publication,  fortunately  were  preserved, 
and  transmitted  to  the  African  Association,  and  were  pub. 
in  the  following  order:  1.  Travels  in  Nubia,  and  in  the 
Interior  of  North-Eastern  Africa,  performed  in  1813;  Lon., 
1819,  4to.  2.  Travels  in  Syria  and  the  Holy  Land,  1822, 
4to.  3.  Travels  in  Arabia,  1829,  4to.  4.  Notes  oa  the 
Bedouins  and  Wahabys,  1830,  4to. 

"Whether  we  consider  its  views  of  Arab  manners,  customs,  in 
stitutions,  and  other  particulars,  or  its  exhibition  of  the  reniaik- 
alile  Mohammedan  sectaries,  the  Wahabys,  from  their  earliest  ap- 
pearance as  reformers,  to  almost  the  present  time,  we  find  aljun- 
dance  of  matter  to  gralify  curiosity,  and  ent*Ttain  and  inform  the 
reader.  It  is  the  best  account  of  the  Arab  tribes  we  have  ever 
seen." — Lrm.  Lit.  G'.'Z. 

'■It  throws  new  light  on  a  race,  which  has  long  stood  single 
among  the  nations,  retaining  from  age  to  age  a  character  in  which 
lofty  virtues  and  odious  vices  are  strangfly  combined.  .  .  .  Burck- 
hardt  has  done  much  towards  elucidating  the  manners  of  the 
Arabians,  and  communicating  an  idea  of  the  real  condition  of 
that  extraordinary  people.  .  .  .  This  work  has  thrown  new  light  on 
the  subject  of  Bedouin  love,  courtship,  and  marriage." — Edin.  He.v. 

5.  Manners  and  Customs  of  the  Modern  Egyptians  il- 
lustrated from  their  Proverbial  Sayings  current  at  Cairo, 
1830,  4to.  He  bequeathed  his  collection  of  Oriental  MSS. 
to  the  University  of  Cambridge. 

Burckhardt  combined  some  of  the  most  essential  qualifi- 
cations for  the  life  which  he  adopted.  Had  be  lived  a  few 
years  longer — he  was  cut  ofl"  at  the  early  age  of  33 — we 
should  have  possessed  invaluable  contributions  to  the  stock 
of  knowledije  of  a  deeply-interesting  character. 

Burd,  Bichard,  D.D.     Sermons,  1GS4,  1704,  4to. 

Burd,  William,  Surgeon.  Con.  to  Ann.  of  Med.,  1797. 

Burdc,  Andrew.     See  Botide. 

Burden,  or  Burdin,  J.,  M.D.  A  Course  of  Medical 
Studies;  trans,  from  the  French,  Lon.,  1803,  3  vols.  Svo. 

Burden,  W.     Poetry  for  Children;  selected,  1805. 

Burder,  George,  1752-1832,  b.  in  London,  minister 
of  the  Indepcn-lcnt  Chapel,  Fetter  Lane,  London.  B^uu- 
yan's  Pilgrim's  Progress;  anew  edit.,  with  Notes,  1786, 
12mo.  Evangelical  Truth  Defended,  1788,  Svo.  The 
Welsh  Indians.  1797,  Svo.  Bunyan's  Holy  War ;  a  new 
edit.,  with  Notes,  1803.  Svo.  Supplement  to  Watts'a 
Psalms  and  Hymns,  which  passed  through  probably  forty 
edition;?.  Mr.  B.  pub.  several  other  works,  the  best-known 
of  which  is  the  Collection  of  Village  Sermons,  1799-1812, 
6  vols.  Svo.  and  several  editions  since;  in  1833  they  were 
pub.  in  8  vols,  in  4;  1  vol.  12mo,  1838;  do.,  1840;  do.,  ed. 
by  J.  Cobbin,  1852,  12mo. 

"*■  Burder's  Village  Sermons  are  highly  and  deservedly  popular, 
and  very  useful." — Lowndes;  Bickeestfith. 

Burder,  Henry  Forster.  Funeral  Sermon,  1811, 
Svo.     Discourses  on  the  Divine  Attributes,  1822,  Svo. 

''  Its  attractive  composition,  the  clearness  of  its  statements,  and 
the  decided  character  of  its  evangelical  instructions,  render  it  a 
valuable  and  sure  guide  in  the  earliest  stages  of  religious  inquiry." 
—  fymgregational  Mng. 

Lectures  on  the  Pleasures  of  Religion,  1823,  Svo. 
"We  do  not  recollect  any  work  that  we  could  more  confidently 
put  into  the  hands  of  intelligent  and  ingenuous  youth  than  this 
interesting  statement  of  the  pleasures  of  a  religious  life."— /iw/. 
Lectures  on  the  Essentials  of  Religion,  1825,  Svo. 
*'  We  are  decidedly  of  opinion  that  this  volume,  compared  with 
all  the  other  productions  of  the  author,  is  the  chef-d'ceuvre,  in 
point  of  thought  and  illustration." — Ibid. 

Four  Lectures  on  the  Law  of  the  Sabbath,  1831.  Svo. 
"Dr.  Burder's  Lectures  present  with  great  perspicuity  and  con- 
ciseness the  outlines  of  the  argument,  in  a  form  adapted  for  popu- 
lar circulation." — Lowndes. 

Psalms  and  Hymns,  Lon.,  1820,  12mo:  of  these,  313 
are  from  Dr.  Watts.  The  Eclectic  Review  considers  it  thu 
best  of  all  the  selections  from  Watts.  Notes  on  the  Pro- 
phecies of  the  Apocalypse,  1849,  p.  Svo. 

*'  For  the  majority  of  readers  Dr.  Burder  has  gone  far  enough 
into  his  theme.  ...  To  devotional  readers  the  treatise  will  be  very 
acceptable." — Bi-it.  Quartfrh/  Rfviav. 

Mental  Discipline:  Hints  on  the  Cultivation  of  Intel- 
lectual and  Moral  Habits.  Addressed  particularly  to  Stu- 
dents in  Theology,  and  Young  Preachers.  5th  edit.,  to 
which  is  appended  an  address  on  Pulpit  Eloquence,  by  the 
Rev.  Justin  Edwards,  Lon.,  1846.  fp.  Svo. 

"  As  a  well-arranged  and  clearly-expressed  exposition  of  the 
author's  readings  and  reflections  on  mental  and  moral  discipline, 
it  will  richly  repay  the  attentive  perusal  of  the  important  clasBea 
for  whom  it  is  especially  prepared." — Lon.  Biblical  Review. 

Serms.  preached  at  St.  Thomas's  Square  Chapel,  Hack- 
ney, 1854,  Svo. 

Burder,  John.  Elementary  Discourses,  Stroudw., 
1819,  12mo.     Lectures  on  Religion.  Holdsw.,  1S26,  Svo. 

"A  work  of  great  utility." — Q/ngrtg.  Mag. 


BUR 

A  Memoir  of  Thomas  Harrison  Burder,  M.D.,  1844, 12mo. 
"Mr.  I!ui-dei-  has  executed  his  task— bv  no  m.-ans  an  easy  one- ^ 
with  prud.'nce  and  Rood  taste."— CArfadan  Eiammer 

Burder,  Samuel,  late  of  Clare  Hall,  Cambridge,  and 
Leoturcr  of  Christ  Church,  Newgate  street,  and  ,St.  Leo- 
nard's, Foster  Lane,  London.  The  Moral  Law,  Lon.,  1795, 
12mo.  Christian  Directory,  1800,  ]2mo.  Owen's  Display 
of  Arminianism:  a  new  edit.,  revised  and  corrected. 
Oriental  Customs ;  or  an  Illustration  of  the  Sacred  Scrip- 
tures, Ac,  Lon.,  1802-07,  2  vols.  Svo  ;  several  edits. ;  1839, 
8vo ;  much  improved  since  first  pub. 

"  A  useful  abiidsment  of  Harmer's  Observation.?,  with  many 
yalualile  additions  from  recent  voy.i=;ers  and  travellers,  arranired 
in  the  order  of  the  Boolcs,  Chapters,  and  Verses  of  the  Bible."— T 

11.   IIORNE. 

^  Trans,  into  German  (with  corrections  and  additions, 
since  incorporated  in  Burder's  work)  by  RosenmiiUer, 
Lcip.s.,  1819,  4  vols.  Svo. 

"  Mr.  Burder's  work  has  not  only  been  composed  with  consider- 
able labour,  but  this  labour  will  be  productive  of  much  utility 
The  arran^'emL■nt  of  the  nliservalions  acordin;;  to  the  order  of 
Scripture  will  reiid.T  tlip  work  an  .u-.-.-iit^ilile  book  of  reference  to 
Divines  and  liilili.al  S>  b.,l;,rs.'— A,.,,.  M.iiilhbi  Beriew. 

"  It  leaves  out  mu.b  that  IS  valnal.le  in  Harmcr."—0rm«'sa'6;.  B. 

Oriental  Literature  applied  to  the  Illustration  of  the 
Sacred  Scriptures,  1822,  2  vols.  Svo. 

"  Had  Mr.  Burder  been  a  profound  Oriental  scholar,  this  mi^ht 
have  been  made  a  very  interestin','  book.  .  .  .  But  mere  compila- 
tions of  this  nature,  however  faithfully  executed,  cannot  deeply 
int<>iest  the  Bibli.'al  scholar.  The  real  and  most  formidable  difli- 
culties  of  Scriptural  expression  and  allusion  are  never  met  by 
them.  — Orme. 

Oriental  Customs,  Lon.,  1831,  sm.  Svo,  4th  edit,  Lon., 
1847,  fp.  Svo.  This  volume  contains  a  selection  from  the 
more  popular  articles  contained  in  the  two  preceding  worlis, 
with  additions  from  recent  publications. 

Memoirs  of  eminently  pious  British  Women;  new  edit,, 
1815,  3  vols.  Svo ;  and  1823,  3  vols.  12mo.  The  Scripture 
Expositor,  1809,  2  vols.  4to.  This  work  .also  illustrates 
Scripture  by  the  assistance  of  Eastern  Customs.  Of  the 
value  of  such  illustrations  there  can  be  no  question. 

'"I'he  manners  of  the  Kast,  amidst  all  the  changes  of  Rovern- 
ment  and  religion,  are  still  the  same:  they  are  livin-  impi-essions 
from  an  original  mould:  and  at  every  step  some  ol,i..it  srane 
idiom,  some  dress,  or  some  custom  of  common  life,  r.MiiiTid^  the 
traveller  of  ancient  times,  and  confirms,  above  all.  the  hi  uilv  the 
accuracy,  :ind  the  prop.iety  of  the  lan-na-e  and  the  history  of  the 
Jiltde.  — Moriers  &C'md  J»urney  tlm>u/jh  B'l-sia. 

Burder,  William.  Eeli-ious  Ceremonies  and  Cus- 
toms, Lon.,  1841,  Svo.  Formed  on  the  basis  of  Picart's 
Wink,  and  contains  much  instructive  matter. 

Burdett,  Charles.     Sermon,  1724,  4to. 

Burdett,  Charles.  Sermon,  1760,  4to.  Pil-^rim's 
Progress  Versified.  1S04.  ° 

Burdett,  Charles,  b.  1815  in  the  city  of  New  York 
Emma:  or  the  Lost  Found.  Adopted  Cliild.  Trials  , and 
Triumphs.  Never  too  late.  Cb.ances  and  Changes  '  Ma 
non  Desmond.  The  (Jambler,  Ac.  Editor  of°  Barring- 
ton's  Physical  Geography.     Contrib.  to  many  periodicals. 

Burdett,  Sir  Francis,  M.P.  for  Westmin.  Speeches 
1802,  -0  I,  -09.  '12.     A.ldresses  to  C.mstituents.  1810. 

Burdett,  Mrs.    Waltt-r  Hamilton,  Lon.,  3  vols.  p.  Svo. 

Burdiu.     See  Buhiien. 

Burdon,  Miss.  1.  All  Classes,  Lon.,  3  vols.  p.  Svo 
2.  Forrester's  Daughter,  3  vols.  p.  Svo.  3.  Friends  of  Fon- 
tainebleau,  3  vols.  p.  Svo.  4.  Lost  Evidence.  3  vols.  p.  Svo 
5.  The  Pope  and  the  Actor,  3  vols.  p.  Svo.  6.  Seymour  of 
Sudley,  3  vols.  p.  Svo.  7.  Thirst  for  Gold,  3  vol's,  p.  Svo. 
8.  Ward  of  the  Crown,  3  vols.  p.  Svo. 

Burdon,  William.     Pocket  Farrier,  1730,  '45,  Svo 

T,!''!,n"!,  '"''""•  'r'"'^"  ^"^'■''^  '"  "1"  Bishop  of 
Llandafl,  1 , 9o,  Svo.  ( )n  the  Pursuits  of  Literature,  1799- 
1800,  8vo.  Politics,  Morality,  and  Literature,  ISOO,  Svo. 
Materials  for  Thinking,  180.1-1 0,  2  vols.  Svo;  3d  edit., 
1814,  2  vols.  Svo.  Advice,  1803.  Other  literary  and  noli- 
Ileal  works.  * 

Burwood,  .Tane.     Faith  and  Patience,  Lon.,  1693 

Burdy,  Samuel.     Life  of  Phili,,  Skelton,  1792,  Svo 

History  of  Ireland  from  the  earliest  ages  to  the  Union, 

181/,  Svo.  ' 

Bureau,  James.    Medical  Essays.  Lon    1777 '89  '9'' 

Burl'ord,  .John,  of  King's  College,  Cambrid-e    '  In- 

stitutionem  Met.aphysicarum,  lib.  ii.,  Lon.,  1654  Svo      In 

stitutiones  Metapliysicm,  Ox{.,  1675,  12mo.     Institutiones 

Logical,  Camli.,  inso,  Svo. 

Burford,  Saninel.  Ordin.ation  .Sermon,  1765,  4to 
Burge,  William,  Queen's  Counsel,  d.  1850,  a^ed  63 
Commmitarics  on  the  Law  of  Suretyship,  last  edit.,  Lon., 
IS4.1  Svo  ;  1st  Amer.  edit.,  Boston,  1817,  Svo.  This  work 
will  bo  found  of  great  use  to  the  American  lawyer  as  well 
as  to  the  members  of  the  English  Bar 
2S6 


BUR 

Observations  on  the  Supreme  Appellate  Jurisdiction  of 
Great  Britain,  Lon.,  1841,  Svo.  .  Commentaries  on  Colo- 
nial and  Foreign  Laws  generally,  and  in  their  conflict 
with  each  other  and  with  the  Law  of  England,  Lon.  1838 
4  vols.  Svo  ;  new  edit,  in  course  of  preparation,         '  ' 

This  work  should  stand  on  the  same  shelf  with  Mr.  Jus- 
tice Story's  Treatise  upon  the  Conflict  of  Laws.  This  emi- 
nent author  thus  refers  to  Burge's  work  : 

'■  It  exhibits  (Treat  learniui;  and  research,  and  as  its  merits  are 
not  as  yet  Ri-n.-rally  known  to  the  profession  on  this  side  of  the 
Atlantic,  1  hav,-  niadi>  many  references  to  it,  with  the  view  of  en- 
abhnK  the  piotcKsi.iii  I,,  obtiiin  many  more  illustrations  of  the  doc- 
trines than  my  own  brief  text  would  suggest,  and  also  fully  to 
appreciate  his  learned  Kibours." 

Restoration  and  Repairs  of  the  Temple  Church,  1843, 
Svo.     The  Choral  Service  of  the  Anglo-Catholio  Church, 

Burges.     The  Pope's  Deadly  Wound. 

Burges,  Frauds.  Some  Observations  on  the  Use 
and  Original  of  the  Noble  Art  and  Mystery  of  Printing 
Norwich,  1701,  Svo.  This  is  often  called  the  first  book 
printed  at  Norwiidi ;  but  this  is  an  error. 

Burges,  G.  H.  Plato ;— Four  Dialogues :  Crito,  Greater 
Hippias,  Second  Alcibiados,  and  Sisyphus:  with  English 
Notes,  original  and  selected.  In  this  edition,  Eekker's 
Te.xt  IS  adopted,  and  the  whole  of  Heindorfs  Notes  are 
translated. 

"It  is  owing  to  the  erudition  and  research  of  the  editor  that 
these  dialogues  may  now  be  pronounced  no  longer  a  sealed  book 
which  none  but  great  scholars  could  ever  hope  even  imperfectlv 
to  understand."— jVcm  MiriMilij  Mmj.  ' 

Burges,  George.  Remarks  on  Mr.  Wakefield's  In- 
quiry relative  to  Public  Worship,  Lon.,  1792,  Svo.  A  Let- 
ter to  Thomas  Paine,  1794,  Svo.  Euripides  Troades, 
1807,  Svo.  Euripides  Pha;nissaj ;  Cum  Nutulis,  1810,  Svo. 
Other  works. 
Burges,  James.  Inoculation,  2d  ed.,  1754,  Lon.,  Svo. 
Burges,  Sir  James  Bland.  Heroic  Epistle  from 
Sergeant  Eiadsh:lw,  in  the  Shailcs,  to  John  Dunnin»,  Esq 
1788.  Law  of  Insolvency,  1783,  Svo.  Alfred's  Letters, 
1792,  Svo.  Tlie  Birth  and  Triumph  of  Love:  a  Poem, 
1796,  4to.  Richard  the  First  an  Epic  Poem,  1801,  2  vols 
Svo.  Riches,  a  Play,  1810,  Svo.  Reasons  in  favour  of  a 
new  trans,  of  the  Holy  Scriptures,  Lon.,  1819,  Svo. 

"This  work,  though  designed  as  a  defence  of  Mr.  Bellamy's 
str.ingo  perlormance.  in  reply  to  the  Qu.arterlv  Review  of  t4t 
work  IS  worth  consulting,  though  the  reader  will  not  be  Ukely  to 
adopt  all  the  learned  Baronet's  reasons  or  reasonings,  in  their  sun- 
port: —OmiF.:  BM.  Brit.  °'  ="  ="y 

Sir  J.amos  pub.  some  other  works. 
Burges,  Samuel.     Ordination  sermon,  1707,  Svo 
Burgess,  Mrs.     The  Oaks,  or  the  Beauties  of  Can- 
terbury; a  Comedy,  1780,  Svo. 

Burgess,  or  Burges,  Anthony,  a  Nonconformist 
clergyman,  was  educated  at  St  John's  College.  Cambridge 
and  afterwards  became  a  Fellow  ofEmmanuel  College,  "in 
1630  he  obtained  the  living  of  Sutton-Colfield,  Warwick- 
shire, but  submitted  to  ejectment  after  the  ReHoration 
ym.licia;  Legis,  Lon.,  1546,  4to.  155  Sermons  on  the  17th 
Chapter  of  St  John,  Lon.,  1646,  '66,  '61,  fob 

"  Full  of  sound  doctrine,  methodically  arranged,  and  closely  an- 
piled  in  very  plain  langn.age."- Da.  £.  Wili.ia.ms. 
"  Spiritual  and  experimental."— Bickeesteth. 
The  True  Doctrine  of  Justification  asserted  and  vindi- 
cated, 1648,  4to.     Treatise  on  Justification,  1654,  4to 
,'nf  ".'l.™'''  '^  ^  Sre-at  favourite  with  those  who  hold  the  doctrine 

01  Lhrists  imputed  righteousness."— Lowndes. 
Commentaries  on   the   1st  and   2d   Corinthians,  1661 

2  vols.  fol.  ' 

"'This  deserves  the  same  character  as  his  work  on  John  "— 
Br.  K.  AVilli.\ms. 

Olher  theological  works.  Bishop  Hacket  used  to  say  that 
Burgess  was  fit  for  a  Professor's  Chair  in  the  University 

"A  pious,  learned,  and  able  scholar,  a  good  disputant,  an  emi- 
nent preacher,  and  a  sound  and  orthodox  divine."— Da  Joan  Wai- 
LIS,  a  jmpil  of  Burgess. 

Burgess,  or  Burges,  Cornelius,  D.D.,  a  Noncon- 
formist divine,  d.  1665.  was  entered  at  O.xford  in  1611. 
On  taking  holy  orders  he  obtained  the  rectory  of  St  Mao-- 
nus,  London-bridge,  an,l  in  161S  ho  was  presented  to  the 
living  of  Watford  in  Hertfordshire.  He  was  chaplain  in 
ordinary  to  Charles  I.,  and  a  zealous  frieud  to  the  Church 
in  the  earlier  part  of  his  life,  but  as  Wood  .alleges,  from 
disapjiointment,  he  afterwards  sided  with  the  Parliamen- 
tary party,  and  after  the  murder  of  the  king  shared 
largely  in  the  spoils;  purchasing  Church  lands,  and  writ- 
ing a  book  to  justify  such  speculations,  entitled  No  Sacri- 
lege nor  Sinne  to  Alicne  or  Purchase  the  Lands  of  Bishops, 
or  others,  whose  Offices  are  Abolished,  2d  edit,  Lon.,  1659, 
Svo.  (3d  edit,  abbreviated,  1660,  4to.) 
"  This  second  unpression,  as  I  apprehended,  was  wrote  upon  a 


BUR 


BUR 


prosp&  t  of  the  King's  cnming;  in,  and  danger  of  losing  all ;  for  it 
is  wro'e  In  a  very  mortified  stylti."' — Cole. 

Tho  king  did  "come  in/'  and  Burgess's  speculations 
proved  rather  uuprotitablo : 

*'  III'  was  I)i(l  for  his  pnrchase,  not  lone  'bef'^re  the  King's  return, 
ahniit  £  !ii,i)mi.  )mt  refus'd  it.  And  the  Kini;  unexpectL'dly  (to  him) 
retnriiinL,'  in  tin-  vi-;ir  lOiiO,  and  bishops  and  di'ans  heinc  restored, 
he  lost  all  Ills  pun-lias'd  lands,  and  became  so  poor  (inv;ensjustitia^ 
divin.-p  doonmentuml  that  he  had  not  bread  to  eat.  as  it  appears 
in  bis  own  letter  to  Sii*  Hichard  Browne." — Dr.  Barlow,  in  Athen. 
Oxfni. 

He  pub.  several  other  theological  tracts,  among  them, 
Baptismal  Regeneration  of  Elect  Infiints,  Oxf.,  1629,  4t.o. 
"An  unsatisfactory  work." — BlcKERsTiiTH. 
Burgess,  Daniel,  1645-1712,  a  Dissenting  divine, 
was  entered  at  Magdalen  Hall,  Oxford,  in  lti60.  In  1667 
the  Earl  of  Orrery  appointed  him  master  of  a  school  at 
CharleviUo.  Ireland.  In  1685  he  took  charge  of  a  congre- 
gation in  Brydges  Street,  Covcnt  Uardon,  London,  after- 
wards in  Carey  Street.  vScrmon  on  Eccles.  xii.  1,  Lon., 
1660,  fol.  IS  Directions  for  saving  Conversion  to  God, 
1691,  Svo.  Causa  Dei;  or.  Counsel  to  the  Rich.  Lon., 
1697,  8vo.  Tho  Golden  Snuffers,  a  sermon  on  Exod. 
xxxvii.  23,  1697.  Other  theolog.  treatises.  Burgess  was 
celebrated  for  a  random  wit  which  sometimes  forgot  the 
propriety  of  times  and  seasons  and  sbirtled  the  pulpit 
with  unseemly  levity.  Yet  he  had  many  occasional  hearers 
from  the  theatre  in  his  vicinity,  and  his  lively  zeal  for 
souls  made  him  ready  to  "become  all  things  to  all  men." 
Perhaps  the  most  unsatisfactory  and  reckless  of  the  pupils 
upon  whom  his  admonitions  were  thrown  away  was  Henry 
St.  John,  (afterwards)  Lord  Bolingbroke,  to  whom  Bur- 
gess was  for  some  time  tutor. 

Burgess,  Daniel.  A  Short  Account  of  the  Roman 
Senate.  Lon.,  1729,  4to. 

Burgess,  George,  D.D.,  Bishop  of  the  P.  Episcopal 
Church  in  the  State  of  Maine,  was  born  Oct.  31,  1809,  at 
Providence,  Rhode  Island;  was  educatctl  at  Brown  Uni- 
versity, {where  he  was  fur  some  time  a  tutor,)  and  studied 
at  the  Universities  of  Gottingen,  Bonn,  and  Berlin:  Rec- 
tor of  Christ  Church,  Hartford,  1834-1847;  consecrated 
Bishop  of  Maine,  Oct.  31,  1847,  and  became,  at  the  same 
time,  Rector  of  Christ  Church,  Gardiner.  He  has  pub. 
several  sermons  and  two  academic  poems.  The  Book  of 
Psalms  in  Engli.^h  Verse,  N.Y.,  12mo.  Pages  from  the 
Ecclesiastical  History  of  New  England,  12mo.  The  Last 
Enemy  Conquering  and  Conquered,  Phila.,  1850,  12mo. 
Sermons  on  the  Christian  Life,  1854,  12mo. 

"Remarkable  for  comprehension  of  thought,  beauty  and  Bim- 
plicity  of  Btjle,  and  for  the  profit  and  interest  witli  which  they 
are  read." 

Burgess,  Rev.  Henry,  LL.D.  Amateur  Gardener's 
Year-Book,  Lon.,  1857,  Svo. 

"This  ia,  beyond  compare,  the  best  book  of  its  class  that  has 
coroe  under  our  uotico.    It  is  really  popnlar." — Lon.  Cnlic. 

Burgess,  J.  Beelzebub  Driven  and  Drowning  his 
Hogs;  a  sermon  on  Mark  v.  12,  13,  1670,  Svo. 

Burgess,  John.  The  Lawfulness  of  Kneeling  in  re- 
ceiving the  Lord's  Supper,  Lon.,  1631,  4to.  Contains  an 
answer  to  a  Reply  to  Dr.  Morton's  Defence  of  those  nocent 
Ceremonies. 

Burgess,  John  Cart.  Flower  Painting,  Lon.,  1811. 
Useful  Hints  on  Drawing  and  Painting,  1818,  etc. 

Burgess,  Richard.  Topography  and  Antiquities  of 
Rome,  1831,  2  vols.  Svo.  Greece  and  the  Levant,  or  Diary 
of  a  Summer's  Excursion  in  1834,  *35,  2  vols.  12mo. 

"These  little  volumes  are  valuable  as  guides  for  tourists,  and 
pleasinjriy  describe  the  most  interestinp;  portions  of  Greece,  Tui^ 
key,  aud  Western  Asia." — Lon .  Alhcn(rnm . 

Lectures  on  the  Insufficiency  of  Unrevealed  Religion, 
and  on  the  succeeding  Influence  of  Christianity.  1839,  Svo. 
"Considerable  interest  attaches  to  these  Lectures  from  the  fact 
that  they  were  delivered  to  a  Protestant  consreffation  within  the 
confines  of  the  Vaticiin ;  and  the  preface  contains  an  acconnt,  as 
import^int  as  it  is  drliirhttul.  of  tho  nri^rin  miic!  iiT'iltcss  of  this 
church.  The  Lectures  thrinsi4vi.'S  an- a  vali];iblc  aiMitinn  to  the 
various  treatises  on  thu  evidwnces  of  revealed  reliyiuu." — Lon. 
Christian  Rcjncmhrancer. 

The  Circus,  aud  Circensian  Games,  p.  Svo. 
Burgess,  Richard.     Observations  on  an  Appeal  to 
members  of  the  Society  for  P.  C.  K.,  Lon.,  1844,  Svo. 

Burgess,  Thomas,  D.D.,  1756-1837,  a  native  of 
Odiham,  Hampshire,  educated  at  Winchester  School,  and 
at  Corpus  Christi  College,  Oxford,  where  he  obtained  a 
scholarship  in  1775,  and  a  fellowship  in  17S3.  He  became 
Bishop  of  St.  David's  in  1803,  translated  to  Salisbury  in 
1825.  He  was  distinguished  for  industry  as  an  author, 
and  zeal  in  the  discharge  of  ministerial  duties.  Whilst 
chaplain  to  Dr.  Shute  Barrington,  his  predecessor  in  the 
bishopric  of  Salisbury,  he  laboured  assiduously  in  the  pro- 
motion of  that  Christian  charity — next  to  the  ministry 


the  most  powerful  instrumentality  for  the  subversion  of 
error  and  establishment  of  truth — the  Sunday-School 
system.  Tho  bishop  was  a  very  voluminous  writer;  his 
biographer,  J.  S.  Harford,  enumerates  nearly  100  publica- 
tions of  his.  To  this  bitigraphy,  2d  edit.,  pub.  Lou.,  1841, 
12mo,  we  refer  the  reader.  We  notice  a  few  of  his  works : 
Burton's  Peutalogia,  with  an  Appendix,  and  a  few  expla- 
natory Notes,  1780,  2  vols.  Svo.  Dawes's  Miscellanea 
Critica  Iterum  edita.  17SI,  Svo  ;  reprinted  at  Leipsic,  ISOO. 
An  Essay  on  the  Study  of  Antiquities,  2d  edit.,  Oxf.,  1782, 
Svo.  Considerations  on  the  Abolition  of  Slavery,  17S9, 
Svo  :  recommending  gradual  emancipation.  The  Divinity 
of  Christ  proved  from  his  own  Assertions,  Ac. ;  a  sermon, 
1790,  4to;  of  this  doctrine  the  bishop  was  a  zealous  de- 
fender. Ho  pub.,  1814-20,  a  number  of  tracts  on  the 
Trinity,  &c.,  which  were  collected  into  one  volume  in 
1820;  and  in  1822  and  1824  he  pub.  Annotationes  Millii, 
Ac,  and  a  selection  of  Tracts  and  Observations  on  John 
V.  7,  and  wrote  some  treatises  upon  this  question.  Tho 
zeal  of  tho  bishop  whilst  espousing  the  genuineness  of 
this  verso  drew  him  into  a  controversy  with  Professor 
Turton,  who  defended  Porson  against  a  charge  made  by 
the  prelate.  Elementary  Evideneos  of  the  Truth  of  Chris- 
tianity, in  a  series  of  Easter  Catechisms.  This  valuable 
work  has  been  frequently  reprinted.  Fteasons  why  a  new 
Translation  of  the  Bible  should  not  be  published,  1816, 
Svo.     Initia  Paulina,  1804,  12mo. 

"Some  of  the  most  valuable  illustrations  of  the  style  of  St. 
Paul's  Kpistb's.  that  can  be  offered  to  the  attention  of  the  student.'* 
—lindsh  Cnlic. 

"This  small  work  is  adapted  to  aid  the  critical  student  of  Paul's 
Epistles." — OR.ME. 

His  Hebrew  Elements,  1807,  and  Hebrew  Primer,  ISOS, 
are  valuable  assistants  to  tho  student.  A  Letter  to  the 
Clergy  of  St.  David's.  1825,  Svo.  Christian  Theocracy, 
Ac,  1835,  12mo.  In  addition  to  tho  Life  by  Harford,  con- 
sult Homo's  Introduction  for  notice  of  some  of  the  writ- 
ings of  this  learned  and  useful  prelate. 

"lie  resembled  an  ancient  father  of  the  church  in  simplicity 
and  holiness,  aud  was  distinfiuished  alike  for  extensive  learning 
and  unwearied  industry,  and  the  unruffled  calm  of  a  meditative 
miud." — 1>U.  PEMi-^oy. 

-' Uishi'p  Ilur-rss  deserves  well  of  the  Christian  public  for  the 
varied  eniMni.i---MKnts  which  he  has  presented  to  the  cultivation 
of  IJibli<;il  liteiatuie."— O/Hif's  BiU.  Bih. 

Burgess,  Tristam.  The  Battle  of  Lake  Erie,  with 
notite  of  Commodore  Elliott's  Conduct  in  that  engage- 
ment, 1839,  12mo.     Speeches,  Ac 

Burgess,  Wm.     Funeral  Sermon,  Colches.,  1831.  Svo. 

Bnrgesse,  John.     Thcolug.  treatises,  Lon.,  1709,  '2S. 

Burgh,  A.  or  R.  1.  Sacred  History.  2.  Music,  4 
vols..  1S05,  '14. 

Burgh,  or  Burghe,  Benedict.  Cato  trans,  into 
Euglisir.  1480.  ful.,  by  Caxton. 

"IJur-ihe's  performance  is  too  jejune  for  transcription;  and.  I 
suspi'L-t.  would  not  iKive  afforded  a  single  spleudid  extr.act.  had 
even  the  Latiu  possessed  any  sparks  of  poetry." — WarUm's  Eng. 
Furlrii. 

Burgh,  James,  1714-1775,  a  native  of  Maddcrty, 
Perthshire,  Scotland,  was  a  cousin,  by  the  mother's  side,  of 
Robertson  the  historian.  lie  was  educated  at  the  Univer- 
sity of  St.  Andrew's,  and  on  leaving  college  commenced 
business  in  the  linen  trade,  in  which  he  lost  all  of  his  pro- 
perty. Returning  to  London,  he  became  corrector  of  the 
press  in  Bowyer's  printing  office,  which  he  left  in  1746  for 
the  purpose  of  becoming  assistant  in  a  grammar  school  at 
Marlow,  in  Buckinghamshire.  In  1747  he  established  a 
school  at  Stoke  Newington,  (removed  to  Xewington-Green 
in  1760.)  Middlesex,  which  was  very  successful.  He  la- 
boured in  this  useful  occupation  until  1771.  when  he  re- 
tired, and  settled  at  Islington,  where  he  resided  until  his 
death.  Britain's  Remembrancer,  Lou.,  1745;  5  edits,  in 
about  2  years,  and  reprinted  in  Scotland,  Ireland,  and 
America.  Thoughts  on  Education.  1747.  A  Hymn  to  the 
Creator  of  the  World,  Ac;  2d  edit.,  1750,  Svo.  A  Warn- 
ing to  Dram  Drinkers,  1751,  12mo.  Had  this  warning 
been  effectual  in  his  own  day  and  succeeding  times,  what 
an  amount  of  poverty,  misery,  crime,  and  moral  and  spi- 
ritual death  had  been  prevented !  The  Free  Inquirer,  pub. 
in  The  General  Evening  Post,  1753,  4to.  Dignity  of  Hu- 
man Nature,  1754,  4to.  The  Art  of  Speaking,  1762,  Svo. 
An  Account  of  the  Cessares;  a  people  of  S.  America, 
1764,  Svo.  Crito ;  or  Essays  on  Various  Subjects,  1766, 
'77,  3  vols.  ]2mo.  The  Constitutionalist;  pub.  in  The 
Gazetteer,  1770.  Political  Disquisitions,  1774,  '75,  3  vols. 
Svo.  This  work  is  on  a  very  comprehensive  plan.  Tho 
author  intended  to  carry  it  further,  had  he  lived.  The 
Colonist's  Advocate  in  The  Gazetteer  ;  afterwards  pub.  by 
a  bookseller  under  the  title  of  Youth's  Friendly  Monitor. 
j      *'  lie  was  a  man  of  great  piety,  integrity,  and  benevolence.    lie 

287 


BUR 


BDR 


had  a  warmth  of  heart  which  engaged  him  to  enter  ardently  into 
the  prosecution  of  any  valuable  design,  and  his  temper  was  com- 
municative and  cheerful," 

See  Biog.  Brit. ;  Nichols's  Lit.  Anecdotes. 

Bur^h,  Sydenham.     Sermon,  1723,  8vo. 

Burgh, Thomas,  Risht-lined  Figures,  Dub.,1724,4to. 

Bur^h,  William,  LL.D..  M.P.,  1741-1808,  a  native 
of  Ireland.  Scriptural  Confutations  of  the  Arguments 
produced  by  Mr.  Thoup.  Lindsay  against  the  One  Godhead 
of  Father,  Son,  and  Iloly  Ghost,  Lon.,  1773,  and  An  In- 
quiry, &c.,  being  a  sequel  to  the  above  work,  1778,  Svo. 

"  A  masterly  work,  hiL;hly  commended  by  Bishop  Hurd,  Mr. 
Toplady,  and  other  clergymen." — Lowndes. 

For  this  work  the  University  of  Oxford  awarded  to  the 
author  the  honour  of  a  doctor's  degree. 

Burgh,  William,  of  Trinity  College.  Dublin.  Ex- 
position of  the  Book  of  Revelation ;  3d.  edit.,  Dubl.,  1S34, 
12mo. 

"  An  attempt  to  set  aside  all  preceding  expositions  of  this  book 
on  very  unsatisCictory  and  insufficient  grounds;  yet  with  practi- 
cal and  useful  remarks." — Bickersteth. 

Six  Discourses  on  the  Nature  and  Influence  of  Faith, 
Dubl.,  1835,  sm.  Svo. 

''  This  work  is  perfectly  sound  upon  the  esst-ntial  points  of 
Christianity, — but  it  is  often  peculiar  in  its  mode  of  stating  them, 
and  stites  new  views  upon  minor  points." — Piesbj/t.  Rtview. 

Lectures  on  the  Second  Advent  of  Christ,  and  Connected 
Events,  &c.  ;  2d  edit,  enlarged,  Dubl.,  1835,  12mo. 

See  a  review  of  this  work  in  the  Dublin  Christian  Ex- 
aminer. 

"  This  was  answered  by  Mr.  Cunninghame  (with  too  much 
sharpness,  but  ably)  in  his  Church  of  Rome,  the  Apostasy." — 
Bickersteth. 

Other  theological  works. 

Burghley,  tord.     See  Cecil,  Sir  Willtam. 

Burs:hope,  George.     Sermons,  &c.,  1095,  '97,  1704. 

Burghope,  >I.     Sermon,  1701,  4to. 

Burgou,  John  William.  Petra,  a  Poem.  Lon..  2d 
ed.,  1846,  p.  Svo.  Life,  Times,  and  Contemporaries  of  Sir 
Thomas  Grresham,  2  vols.  Svo. 

"  These  are  two  magnificent  volumes  in  regard  to  size,  illustra- 
tion, and  typography.  Nor  are  their  literary  contents  unworthy 
their  external  splendour,  or  the  fame  of  the  distinguished  mer- 
chant to  whose  biography  they  are  devoted." — United  .S'-rrice  Mag. 

Burgoyne,  John,  Lieut.  General,  M.P.,  d.  1792,  was 
engaged  in  military  service  in  several  parts  of  the  world, 
and  obtained  considerable  distinction  as  an  author.  He 
married  the  daughter  of  the  Earl  of  Derby.  Letter  to  his 
Constituents  upon  his  late  Resignation,  1779,  Svo.  Sub- 
stance of  his  Speeches  upon  M.  Vyner's  Motion,  1778,  Svo. 
State  of  the  Expedition  from  Canada,  1780,  Svo.  The 
Lord  of  the  Manor;  Comic  Opera,  17S1,  Svo.  This  piece 
contains  the  beautiful  lines  commencing 

"  Encompassed  in  an  Angel's  Frame." 

The  Heiress;  a  Comedy,  1786,  Svo. 

"Every  reader  of  the  Heiress  will  mark  the  striking  parallel- 
imns  between  many  passages  in  it  and  the  School  for  .Scandal." 

He  contributed  The  Westminster  Guide  to  the  celebrated 
Probationary  Odes.  His  Dramatic  and  Poetical  Works, 
with  Memoir  of  the  Author,  appeared  in  1808,  2  vols.  12mo. 

"The  various  offerings  to  the  Muses,  which  were  presented  by 
an  accomplished  gentleman  and  a  brave  and  skilful  officer." — 
Lon.  Monthly  Review. 

Burgoyne,  Montagu.  Polit.  Letters  and  Speeches, 
1S07,  '10.  '11. 

Burhill,  or  Burghill,  Robert,  1572-1641,  a  native 
of  Dymock,  Gloucestershire,  was  admitted  at  15  scholar 
of  Corpus  Christi  College,  Oxford,  and  probationer  Fellow 
in  1584.  He  was  presented  to  the  living  of  Nortbwold  in 
Norfolk,  and  was  made  Canon  residentiary  of  Hereford. 
Invitatorius  panegyricus,  nd  Regem  Optimum  de  Eliza- 
bethae  nuper  Reginas  posteriore  ad  Oxoniam  Adventu,  A-c, 
Oxon.,  160:?,  4to.  De  Potestate  Regia  et  Usurpatione  Pa- 
pali,  <tc.,  Oxon.,  1613,  Svo.  Other  works,  for  a  notice  of 
which  see  Athen.  Oxon.  Burhill  rendered  valuable  assist- 
ance to  Sir  Walter  Raleigh  when  he  was  composing  his 
History  of  the  World,  in  "criticisms  and  the  reading  of 
Greek  and  Hebrew  authors."  Wood  gives  him  a  high  cha- 
racter : 

"He  was  a  person  of  great  reading  and  profound  judgment, 
was  well  vers'd  in  the  fathers  and  schoolmen,  ri'^ht  learned  and 
well  grounded  in  the  Hebrew  tongue,  an  exact  disputant,  and  in 
his  younger  years  a  noted  Latin  poet.'' — Athp/n.  Ozon, 

Burk,  or  Burke,  John.  The  History  of  Virginia, 
from  its  first  Settlement  to  the  Present  Time  ;  commenced 
by  John  Burk,  and  continued  hy  Sheltun  Jones,  and  Louis 
rtue  Girardin,  1804-16  :  seldom  found  complete,  as  almost 
ill  the  copies  of  vol.  iv.,  by  Girardin,  pub.  in  1816,  wore 
i.X'identally  destroyed.  Perhaps  20  or  30  copies  of  vol. 
iv.  may  be  in  existence. 

Burke,  Mrs.  Ela;  a  Talo,  1787,  12mo.  The  Sor- 
2tw 


rows  of  Edith,  1796,  2  vols.  12mo.  Adela  Nerthington, 
1796,  3  vols.  12mo.  The  Secret  of  the  Cavern,  1805,  2 
vcl-s-  12mo.  Elliott,  or  "Vicissitudes  of  Early  Life,  1800, 
2  vols.  12mo.  The  ungallant  Monthly  Reviewers  notice 
this  work  in  the  following — not  very  complimentary — 
style  : 

"To  those  who  can  receive  pleasure  from  the  mere  narration  of 
successive  events,  without  requiring  any  accordancy  with  nature 
and  probability;  and  who  can  read  the  tale  of  thwarted  love  and 
suffering  virtue  without  regarding  poverty  of  diction  or  faults  of 
style;  the  history  of  Elliott  may  prove  an  interesting  production." 
— Lon.  Monthly  Jtevv'W,  1801. 

Burke,  Aedanus,  d.  1802,  aged  59,  a  native  of  Gal- 
way,  Ireland,  emigrated  to  America,  where  he  became  a 
Judge  in  South  Carolina,  and  a  member  of  Congress.  Ad- 
dress to  the  Freemen  of  South  Carolina,  by  Cassius,  1783, 
Considerations  upon  the  Order  of  Cincinnati,  1783. 

Burke,  Sir  Bernard,  Ulster  King-of-Arms.  See 
BuuKK.  John. 

Burke,  B.  VV.  A  Compendium  of  the  Anatomy,  Phy- 
siology, and  Pathology  of  the  Horse.  1806,  12mo. 

Burke,  E.  P.  An  Historical  Essay  on  the  Laws  and 
Government  of  Rome,  designed  as  an  Introduction  to  the 
Study  of  the  Civil  Law;  2d  edit.,  Cambridge,  1S30,  Svo. 

"  The  best  historical  view  of  the  Itoman  Constitution  that  has  yet 
appeared  from  the  hands  ofany  English  civilian  or  historian,  and  ex- 
ceeded by  few,  if  any,  of  the  continental  eseayson  the  same  subject." 

Burke,  Edmund,  1728-1797,  one  of  the  greatest  of 
the  sons  of  men,  was  a  native  of  Dublin.  Mr.  Prior  agrees 
with  other  authorities  in  assigning  January  1,  1730,  as  the 
date  of  his  birth,  but  we  adopt  the  decision  recorded  in  the 
last  edition  of  his  works,  {Lon.,  1S52,  8  vols.  r.  Svo,)  al- 
though his  sister  Juliana  was  baptized  in  this  year.  The 
family  is  descended  from  the  Norman  Burghs,  or  De  Burghs, 
(of  which  Burke  or  Bourke — for  it  is  even  now  spelt  both 
Tvays — is  a  corruption.)  who  emigrated  to  Ireland  under 
Strongbow,  temp.  Henry  II.  His  father,  Richard  Burke, 
was  an  attorney,  first  in  Limerick,  and  afterwards  in  Dub- 
lin. About  1725  he  married  Miss  Mary  Nagle,  of  the  an- 
cient family  of  that  name,  still  existing  near  Castletown 
Roche,  county  of  Cork.  Of  their  fourteen  or  fifteen  chil- 
dren, all  died  young  except  Garret,  Edmund,  Richard,  and 
Juliana.  In  1741  the  three  brothers  were  placed  at  a  school 
at  Ballitore,  conducted  by  an  excellent  master  named  Abra- 
ham Shaekleton,  a  Quaker.  With  this  gentleman  and  his 
son  Richard,  his  successor,  Burke  kept  up  the  most  friendly 
relations  until  the  death  of  the  son  in  1792.  As  a  boy, 
Edmund  was  distinguished  for  that  devoted  application  to 
the  acquisition  of  knowledge,  and  remarkable  powers  of 
comprehension  and  retention,  which  accompanied  him 
through  life.  "When  we  were  at  play."  remarked  his 
brother  Richard,  "he  was  always  at  work."  In  1744  he 
entered  Trinity  College,  Dublin,  as  a  pensioner.  In  1746 
he  was  elected  a  scholar  of  the  house;  commenced  A.B., 
Feb.  23.  1747-48,  and  proceeded  A.M.,  1751.  Goldsmith, 
who  was  his  fellow-student,  tells  us  that  he  was  not  distin- 
guished for  any  remarkable  superiority  of  talents;  but  the 
truth  seems  to  be  that  he  was  zealously  employed  in  laying 
in  those  stores  of  useful  rather  than  brilliant  knowledge, 
which  afterwards  proved  of  such  service  to  him  in  the  prac- 
tical business  of  life.  Yet  he  did  not  scorn  the  blandish- 
ments of  the  muse :  for  he  composed  very  creditable  poetry, 
and  studied  with  delight  the  poems  of  Shakspeare.  Spenser, 
Milton,  and  Young.  Having  determined  to  adopt  the  Law 
as  his  profession,  he  was  entered  of  the  Middle  Temple, 
April  23, 1747,  and  early  in  1750  arrived  in  London  to  keep 
the  customary  terms  previous  to  being  called  to  the  Bar. 
He  changed  his  views,  however,  for  at  the  expiration  of  the 
usual  time  he  was  not  called.  In  1752  or  1753  he  off"ercd 
himself  as  candidate  for  the  Professorship  of  Logic  in  the 
University  of  Glasgow,  but,  fortunately  for  the  world  and 
his  future  fame,  was  unsuccessful.  It  is  said,  indeed,  that 
he  withdrew  his  application  when  informed  that  arrange- 
ments had  already  been  made  by  those  interested  which 
precluded  any  hope  of  his  election.  Mr.  James  Clow  was 
elected  to  the  vacant  chair.  Having  much  leisure  upon 
his  hands,  Burke  devoted  it  to  assiduous  study,  occasionally 
amusing  himself  by  original  compositions.  Some  of  his 
pieces  were  published,  but  it  is  impossible  at  this  time  to 
know  what  they  were.  One  of  the  first,  Arthur  Murphy 
believed  to  be  a  poem,  or  poetical  translation  from  the  La- 
tin. His  first  avowed  publication,  the  Vindication  of  Natu- 
ral Society,  by  a  late  Noble  Writer,  which  appeared  in  the 
spring  of  1756,  Svo.  pp.  166,  was  a  most  successful  imita- 
tion of  the  style,  language,  and  thought  of  Lord  Boling- 
broke.  The  object  was  a  most  praiseworthy  one.  His 
lordship's  philosophical  (infidel)  works  had  appeared  in 
1754,  pub.  by  David  Mallet,  and  extited  much  attention. 


BUR 

Burke  laboured  to  show  that  if  tho  abuses  of,  or  evils  some- 
times connected  with,  religion,  invalidate  its  authenticity, 
authority,  or  usefulness,  then  every  institution,  however 
benetieial,  must  be  abandoned. 

'•  His  object  was  t«  expose  bis  lordship's  mode  of  reasooing,  by 
running  it  out  into  its  lej^itiiiiute  consequences.  lie  therefore  ap- 
plied it  ti)  livil  society.  He  undertook,  in  the  person  of  Boling- 
hi-i'kv.  and  with  the  closest  imitation  of  his  impetuous  and  over- 
beaiin;::  eloiiuence.  to  expose  the  crimes  and  wretchedness  which 
have  prevailed  under  every  form  of  government,  and  thus  to  show 
that  society  is  itself  an  evil,  and  the  savage  state  the  only  one  fa- 
Tourable  to  virtue  and  happiness.  In  this  pamphlet  he  gave  the 
most  perfect  specimen  which  the  world  has  ever  seen  of  the  art  of 
imitating  the  style  and  manner  of  another.  lie  went  beyond  the 
mere  choice  of  words,  the  structure  of  sentences,  and  the  cast  of 
imagery,  into  the  deepest  recesses  of  thought:  and  so  completely 
had  he  imbued  himself  with  the  spirit  of  Bolingbroke,  that  he 
brought  out  precisely  what  every  one  sees  his  lordship  ought  to 
have  said  on  his  own  principles,  and  might  be  expected  to  say,  if 
he  dared  to  express  his  sentiments." 

The  merit  of  this  production  was  the  better  appreciated 
from  the  current  opinion  of  literary  men  that  Bolingbroke's 
style  was  "not  only  the  best  of  that  time,  but  in  itself 
wholly  inimitable."  Tho  critics  were  completely  deceived  : 
''  Almost  everybody  received  it  as  a  posthumous  work  of  Lord 
Bolingbroke ;  and  so  far  from  being  looked  upon  as  one  of  the  hasty 
sketches  of  his  youth,  or  the  gle-anings  of  old  age.  it  was  praised 
up  to  the  standard  of  his  best  writings.  Tbf  niiirs  l  nrw  the  turn 
of  his  periods,  his  style,  his  phrases,  and  :i("i\  i- ;iil,  ilh- m.ttrliless 
dexterity  of  his  metaphysical  pen.  Chailrs  .MarlJin.  wVh  tho 
pamphlet  in  his  hand,  used  frequently  to  exclaim  al  the  ijreciau 
Coffee-house,  (where  he  gave  a  kind  of  literary  law  to  the  young 
Templars  at  that  time,)  '^ir,  this  must  be  Harry  Bolingbroke;  I 
know  him  by  his  cloven  foot!'  The  Earl  of  Chesterfield,  who  had 
been  an  intimate  friend  of  Boliugbroke,  and  was  a  copyist  of  his 
style,  acknowledged  that  he  was  for  sonie  time  deceived  in  this 
point;  and  Bishop  Warburton — an  abler  man  than  either  of  their 
lordships — exclaimed  in  his  usual  rough  style — 'You  see,  sir,  the 
fellow's  principles;  they  now  come  out  in  a  full  blaze.'" 

We  need  not  be  surprised  at  this  when  we  remember 
that — to  use  the  language  of  Mr.  Prior — 

"The  imihition  indeed  was  so  perfect  as  to  constitute  identity, 
rather  than  resemblance.  It  was  uot  merely  the  language,  style, 
and  geuenal  eloijueiice  of  the  original  whi-h  h;id  been  caught;  but 
the  whulf  mind  of  the  peer,  his  train  i>r  ilmu-bt.  the  power  to  enter 
into  his  conception,  seemed  to  be  transferred  into  the  pen  of  his 
imitator,  with  a  fidelity  and  '  grace  beyond  the  reach  of  art.' " 

A  celebrated  critic,  alluding  to  the  successful  imitation 
of  all  of  the  noble  writer's  clianirfrristics,  remarks: 

"In  Burke's  imitation  of  llolin.ji-i-ul,,.  i  tlir  most  p.-rfect  specimen 
perhaps  that  ever  will  exist  oJ'  Ibr  art  m  <niestion)  we  have  all  the 
qualities  which  distinguish  tbc  style,  or,  we  may  indeed  say,  the 
genius,  of  that  noble  writer,  concentrated  and  brought  before  us." 
This  pamphlet  was  reprinted  in  1705,  with  a  preface  by 
the  author,  in  which  he  modc-^tly  remarks : 

'■  If  some  inaccuracies  in  calculation,  in  reasoning,  orin  method, 
be  found,  perhaps  the.se  will  not  be  looked  upon  as  faults  by  the 
admirers  of  Lord  Bolingbroke;  who  will,  the  editor  is  afraid,  ob- 
serve much  more  of  his  lordship's  character  iu  such  particulars  of 
the  following  letter,  than  they  are  likely  to  find  of  that  rapid  tor- 
rent of  an  impetuous  and  overbearing  eloquence,  and  the  variety 
of  rich  imagery,  for  which  that  writer  is  justly  admired." 

A  few  months  afterwards,  in  the  same  year,  appeared  A 
Philosophical  Inquiry  into  the  Origin  of  our  Ideas  of  the 
Sublime  and  Beautiful,  8vo ;  pub.  by  Dodsley.  This  Essay 
was  received  with  great  apphTuse. 

"Of  this  celebrated  work,  so  long  before  the  public,  which  now 
forms  a  text-book  in  liberal  education,  and  one  of  i-efereuce  in  our 
universities,  little  more  need  be  said,  than  that  it  is  perfectly  ori- 
ginal in  the  execution  and  design.  Longinus,  indeed,  had  written 
on  the  sublime,  and  Addison  partially  on  grandeur  and  beauty, 
but  neither  of  them  profoundly  nor  distinctly:  they  exemplify 
and  illustrate  rather  than  analyze,  or  dive  to  the  sources  of  those 
impressions  on  the  mind;  and  they  even  confound  the  sublime 
with  the  beautiful,  on  many  occasions.  But  Mr.  Burke's  book 
marks  the  line  between  them  so  distinctly,  as  that  they  cannot  be 
mistaken:  he  investigates  the  constituents  and  appearances  of 
each  scientifically,  and  illustrates  his  views  with  great  happiness." 
—Prior. 

"We  have  an  example  of  true  criticism  in  Burke's  Essay  on  the 
Sublime  and  Beautiful." — Dr.  Johnson. 

"Though  we  think  the  author  mistaken  in  many  of  his  funda- 
mental principles,  and  also  in  his  deductions  from  them,  yet  we 
must  say  we  have  read  his  book  with  pieasiire.  He  has  certainly 
employed  much  thinking :  there  are  many  ingenious  and  elegant 
remarks,  which,  though  they  do  not  enforce  or  improve  his  first 
position,  yet,  considering  them  detached  from  his  system,  they  are 
new  and  just.  And  we  cannot  dismiss  this  article  without  recom- 
mending a  perusal  of  the  book  to  all  our  readers,  as  we  think  they 
will  be  recompensed  by  a  great  deal  of  sentiment,  a  perspicuous, 
elegant,  and  harmonious  style,  in  many  passages  both  sublime  and 
beautiful." — Arthur  Murphy. 

Lord  Jeffrey  entirely  dissents  from  the  theory  pro- 
pounded by  Mr.  Burke  : 

"His  explanation  is  founded  upon  a  species  of  materialism, — 
not  much  to  have  been  expected  from  the  general  character  of  his 
genius,  or  the  strain  of  his  other  speculations, — for  it  resolves  en- 
tirely into  this,  that  .ill  ob.iects  appear  beautiful  which  have  the 
power  of  producing  a  peculiar  relaxation  of  our  nerves  and  fibres, 
and  thus  induf'Lng  a  certain  degree  of  bodily  languor  and  sinking. 
Of  all  the  suppositions  that  hftve  been  at  any  time  hazarded  to 
explain  tho  phenomena  of  beauty,  thi.s.  we  think,  is  tha  mostim- 
19 


BUR 

fortunate,  and  the  most  weakly  supported.  There  is  no  philosophy 
in  the  doctrine;  and  the  fuudamental  assumption  is  in  every  way 
contradicted  by  the  most  familiar  experience.  There  is  no  relax- 
ation of  the  fibres  in  the  perception  of  beauty,  and  there  is  no 
pleasure  iu  the  relaxation  of  the  fibres.  If  there  were,  it  would 
follow  that  a  warm  bath  would  be  by  far  the  most  beautiful  thing 
in  the  world,  and  that  the  brilliant  lights  and  bracing  airs  of  a 
fine  autumn  morning  would  be  the  very  reverse  of  beautiful.  Ac- 
cordingly, though  the  treatise  alluded  to  will  always  be  valuable 
on  account  of  the  many  fine  and  just  remarks  it  contains,  we  are 
not  aware  th.at  there  is  any  accurate  inquirer  into  the  subject, 
(with  the  exception  perhaps  of  Mr.  Price,  in  whose  hands,  however, 
the  doctrine  assumes  a  new  character.)  by  whom  the  fundamental 
principles  of  the  theory  has  not  been  explicitly  abandoned." — 
Article  "  Beauty'^  in  Encyc.  Brit.;  Jeffrey's  MiscdtanifS. 

Whatever  may  be  thought  of  the  correctness  of  Mr. 
Burke's  theory,  the  practical  value  of  his  treatise  to  him- 
self Is  not  to  be  disputed,  for  it  at  once  secured  him  the 
acquaintance  of  Sir  Joshua  Reynolds,  Dr.  Samuel  Johnson, 
and  other  literary  celebrities,  whose  congenial  friendship 
formed  no  small  portion  of  the  happiness  of  his  future  life. 
In  June,  1758,  appeared  the  first  number  of  the  Annual 
Register,  which,  with  the  usual  longevity  attaehing  to 
successful  English  periodicals,  is  published  to  the  j^resent 
day.  This  review  of  the  civil,  political,  and  literary  trans- 
actions of  the  times,  is  said  to  have  been  suggested  to 
Dodsley,  the  publisher,  by  Burke.  He  conducted  it  for 
many  years,  and  when  no  longer  holding  the  pen  himself, 
directed  that  of  Mr.  Irehind,  his  substitute. 

Professor  Smyth,  in  his  lectures  upon  the  American 
War,  (one  of  tlie  exciting^  topics  which  came  under  tho 
notice  of  this  periodical,)  after  recommending  a  number 
of  publications  of  the  day,  remarks: 

"  They  who  are  not  at  leisure  to  examine  these  books  and  pam- 
phlets, will  find  the  volumes  of  the  Annu.il  Register  an  excellent 
substitute  for  them  all.  They  contain,  in  the  most  concise  form, 
the  most  able,  impartial,  and  authentic  history  of  the  disyiute 
which  can  be  found.  The  account  is  understood  to  have  been 
drawn  up  by  Burke,  and  if  so,  (and  there  is  no  doubt  of  it,)  the 
arguments  on  each  side  are  displayed  with  an  impartiality  which 
is  quite  admirable." — Lectures  on  Modern  Histiny. 

The  health  of  the  young  author  requiring  relaxation,  and 
the  care  of  a  judicious  adviser ;  his  friend  and  countryman, 
Dr.  Christopher  Nugent,  an  excellent  physician,  invited 
him  to  take  up  his  residence  in  his  own  hospitable  man- 
sion, that  he  might  be  the  better  able  to  study  his  case, 
and  administer  to  his  medical  wants.  The  good  doctor 
had  a  lovely  and  most  amiable  daughter; — the  rest  may 
be  readily  imagined:  the  patient  ventured  to  prescribe 
for  himself — the  di.sease  having  reached  the  heart,  and  re- 
quiring prompt  measures — and  in  1757  Mi.ss  Jane  Mary 
Nugent  became  Mrs.  Edmund  Burke.  The  eulogy  of  this 
estimable  woman  may  be  written  in  one  sentence  of  her 
husband's;  he  declared  that  amid  all  the  trials,  the  con- 
flicts, and  the  disappointments  of  political  life,  "every 
care  vanished  the  moment  he  entered  under  his  own  roof." 
She  who  can  thus  convert  her  husband's  "castle"  into  a 
palace  of  pleasure  and  "bower  of  delights,"  finds  her 
priceless  reward  where  she  seeks  it,  iu  the  afTcctiun  of  her 
hu.sband  ;  and  in  the  present  case,  what  higher  himour 
could  be  coveted  and  acquired  which  could  add  aught  of 
dignity  to  the  proud  title  of — the  wife  of  Edmund  Burke! 
Two  sons  were  the  result  of  this  happy  union;  Richard, 
who  died  unmarried  in  1794,  and  Christopher,  who  was 
called  away  whilst  yet  an  infant.  It  may  be  proper  to 
mention  here,  that  the  present  lineal  representative  of  Mr. 
Burke's  branch  of  his  family  is  Thomas  Haviland  Burke, 
Esq.,  of  Lincoln's  Inn,  grand-nephew  to  Edmund  Burke, 
and  son  of  Lieut.  Col.  Thomas  Haviland,  by  Mary  French, 
daughter  of  Juliana  Burke.  In  April,  1757,  was  pulilished 
by  Dodsley,  An  Account  of  the  European  Settlements  in 
America,  2  vols.  8vo.  Notwithstanding  the  many  doubts 
expressed  as  to  the  authority  of  this  work,  we  have  no 
hesitation  in  ascribing  it  chiefly,  if  not  wholly,  to  our 
author.  Whilst  it  is  admitted  that  the  receipt  for  the 
copyright  in  his  handwriting  does  not  conclusively  settle 
the  question,  yet  tho  internal  evidence  of  style  is  too 
strong  to  be  easily  resisted.  That  William  and  Richard 
Burke  may  have  contributed  to  its  pages  is  not  improbable. 
Dngald  Stewart  commends  it  as  a  masterly  sketch,  and 
Abbe  Raynal  has  proved  his  admiration  by  the  free  use 
which  he  has  made  of  it  in  his  history  of  The  Revolution 
of  America,  1780. 

"It  is,  in  many  parts,  masterly;  the  reflections  just,  and  often 
original,  but  paraded,  perhaps,  too  formally  and  frequently  before 
the  reader,  so  as  sometimes  to  interfere  with  the  facts,  or  alui'ist  to 
supersede  them.  The  style  is  what  may  be  tt^rmed  ambitious ; 
aiming  at  depth,  terseness,  and  brevity,  yet  too  frequently  be- 
traying the  effort." — Prior. 

"And  now  I  must  allude,  in  a  few  words,  to  a  celebrated  and 
somewhat  singular  work,  of  which  the  title  is.  'An  .\ccount  of  the 
European  Settlements  in  America.'  I  would  recommi'nd  the  pe- 
rusal of  this  work  before  the  details  I  have  proposed  |thp  perusai 


BUR 

of  the  Histories  of  Robertson.  Raynal.  and  ivrarpliall]  have  been 
gone  throu^'h:  that  is.  I  wnuld  recummen<j  the  perus.il  of  it  twice. 
It  may  be  a  map  of  the  subject  in  the  first  instance,  and  a  sum- 
mary in  the  second."'— /*/■/>/■.  .Smyth's  I^Huies  on  Mnderji  I/iylorj/. 

The  EKsay  towards  an  Abrid.t^ment  of  the  English  His- 
tory, was  pub.  by  Dndsley  in  1757.  Only  eight  .sheets 
were  issued,  as  the  author  abandoned  the  design,  probably 
from  hearing  that  Hume  had  taken  the  same  subject  in 
hand.  Burke's  Abridgment  possesses  no  little  merit,  and 
it  is  deeply  to  be  lamented  that  he  did  not  pursue  his  in- 
tended plan. 

"  It  displays  a  spirit  of  clope  research  into  the  earlier  history  of 
our  island,  not  exceeded,  perhaps  not  equalled,  bv  works  of  much 
greater  pretensions,  and  with  more  anti.|uarian  "knnwled^'e  than 
could  possibly  be  expected.  .  .  .  The  style  differs  from  that  of  the 
*  European  Settlements"  in  aiming  at  less  of  point  and  effect,  but 
possesses  simplicity  and  perspicuity.  On  the  whole,  it  is,  perhaps, 
the  best  abstract  of  that  remote  period  we  possess,  without  any 
admixture  of  the  fabulous  stories  so  common  to  the  ti^e ;  and  to 
youth  it  will  be  found  particularly  instructive." — Prior. 

In  1759  the  Earl  of  Charl'emont  introduced  Burke  to 
William  Gerard  Hamilton,  more  familiarly  styled  Single- 
Speech  Hamilton, 

*•  Mho  after  a  few  able  efforts  in  the  House  of  Commons,  gained 
more  celebrity  by  afterwards  keeping  his  tongue  still,  than  many 
others  by  the  most  determined  volubility." 

In  1761  Hamilton  accompanied  Lord  Halifax  (appointed 
Lord-Lieutenant)  to  Ireland,  and  took  Burke  with  him  as 
his  privat*  secretary.  Mr.  Hamilton  held  the  high  official 
position  of  a  Lord  of  Trade,  and  had  diligently  laboured 
to  acquire  that  knowledge  of  tlie  philosophy  of  commerce 
and  principles  of  agriculture,  which  alone  could  render 
the  discharge  of  his  duties  honourable  to  himself  and  use- 
ful to  others.  But  a  few  conversations  with  his  young 
secretary  convinced  him  that,  in  future  conferences,  the 
master  must  consent  to  be  scholar,  rather  than  aspire  to 
the  post  of  instructor.  The  following  remarks,  extracted 
from  the  preface  to  the  Thoughts  and  Details  on  Scarcity, 
presented  by  Mr.  Burke  to  the  Rt.  Hon.  William  Pitt,  are 
not  without  interest  in  this  connection  : 

"  Agriculture,  and  the  commerce  connected  with  and  dependent 
upon  it,  form  one  of  the  most  considerable  branches  of  political 
economy;  and  as  such,  Mr.  Burke  diligently  studied  them.  In- 
deed, when  hebeg.an  toqualify  himself  for  the  exalted  rank  which 
he  afterwards  held  among  statesmen,  he  laid  a  broad  and  deep 
foundation:  and  to  an  accurate  research  into  the  con.stitution. 
the  laws,  the  civil  and  military  history  of  these  kingdoms,  he 
joined  an  enlightened  acquaintance  with  the  whole  circle  of  our 
commercial  system.  On  his  first  introduction,  when  a  young 
man.  to  the  late  Mr.  Gerard  Hamilton,  who  was  then  a  Lord  of 
Trade,  the  latter  ingenuously  confessed  to  a  friend  still  living, 
how  sensibly  he  felt  his  own  inferioiity,  much  as  he  bad  endeji- 
voured  to  inform  himself,  and  aided  as  he  was  by  official  docu- 
ments inaccessible  to  any  private  person.  He  was  also  consulted, 
and  the  greatest  deference  was  paid  to  his  opinions,  by  Dr.  Adam 
r^mifh.  in  the  progress  of  the  celebrated  work  on  the  "Wealth  of 
Nations." 

In  this  station,  his  first  public  employment.  Burke  proved 
very  serviceable,  and  in  1763  was  rewarded  with  a  pension 
of  £300  per  annum  on  the  Irish  list.  This  pension  he 
voluntarily  relinquished  in  17(i4.  on  the  occasion  of  a  dis- 
agreement with  Hamilton,  the  particulars  of  which  are 
well  known.  In  1765  occurred  an  event  which  decided 
the  future  course  of  Burke's  life,  an<l  introduced  him  to 
that  seat  in  the  national  councils  from  which  he  so  long 
instructed  his  countrymen  by  his  wisdom,  and  astonished 
the  world  by  the  brilliancy  of  his  genius.  Mr.  Fitzherbert 
recommended  him  to  the  Marquis  of  Rockingham,  the 
leader  of  the  Whigs  in  power,  as  a  fit  person  for  his  pri- 
vate secretary,  and  his  lordship  appointed  him  to  the  post 
one  week  after  he  himself  had  been  called  to  the  head  of 
the  treasury.  A  cordial  friendship  sprung  up  between  the 
marquis  and  his  secretary,  which  continued  unbroken  until 
the  death  of  the  former  in  17S2.  In  17fi6  Mr.  Burke  took 
his  seat  in  Parliament  as  member  for  Wendover,  a  borough 
belonging  to  Lord  Verncy. 

"  It  may  be  safely  said  that  probably  no  man  had  ever  entered 
Parliament  so  well  trained  and  accomplished  by  previous  acquire- 
ments, and  by  intellectual  discipline." 

It  is  not  a  little  remarkable  that  on  the  very  first  day 
on  which  he  took  his  seat,  he  astonished  the  assembled 
wi.sdom  of  the  House  with  a  burst  of  eloquence  which 
elicited  the  warm  commendations  of  the  celebrated  Wil- 
liam Pitt,  afterwards  Earl  of  Chatham.     He  remarked  that 

"The  young  member  had  proved  a  very  able  advocate;  he  had 
himself  intended  to  enter  at  length  into  'the  details,  but  he  had 
been  anticipated  with  so  much  ingenuity  and  eloquence,  that  there 
was  little  left  for  him  to  s.ay :  he  congratulated  him  on  his  success, 
and  his  fi'iends  on  the  value  of  the  actiuisition  they  had  made." 

His  friends,  who  had  been  his  delighted  auditors  in  the 
gallery,  crowded  around  him — the  faithful  Arthur  Murphy 
among  them,  almost  beside  himself  with  joy — as  ho 
emerged  from  tho  House,  and  congratulated  him  upon  his 
brilliant  success.     The  good  news  travelled  fast,  and  soon 


BUR 

'  gladdened  "  The  Literary  Club,"  of  which  Burke  was  the 
'  most  brilliant  ornament.     One  of  the  members,  whose  va- 
I  nity'had  been  wounded  by  being  foiled  in  a  controversy 
with  Burke,  expressed  some  surprise  at  the  proud  position 
before  the  country  which  the  great  orator  had  so  suddenly 
assumed.     This  unworthy  sneer  was  too  much  for  the  equa- 
nimity of  the  gruff  yet  warm-hearted  author  of  Rasselas; 
he  turned  to  the  oflTender,  and  with  bent  brow  vociferated: 
"  Sir.  there  is  no  wonder  at  all !    We,  who  know  Mr.  Burke,  know 
that  he  will  be  one  of  the  first  men  in  the  countn,' !" 

The  delighted  lexicographer  seized  his  pen,  and  wrote 
to  Langton  : 

'■  Burke  has  gained  more  reputation  than  perhaps  any  man  at 
bis  first  appearance  ever  gained  before.  He  made  two  speeches  in 
the  House  for  repealing  the  Stamp  Act.  which  were  publicly  com- 
mended by  Mr.  Pitt,  and  have  filled  the  town  with  wondeV.  .  .  . 
Burke  is  a  great  man  by  nature,  and  is  expected  soon  to  attain 
civil  greatness." 

We  shall  have  occasion  hereafter  to  make  some  further 
quotations  from  Johnson's  many  attestations  to  the  extra- 
ordinary genius  of  his  friend. 

We  have  now  seen  Mr  Burke  fairly  launched  in  public 
life,  in  which  he  continued  until  within  three  years  of  his 
death — his  last  appearance  in  the  House  of  Commons  oc- 
curring June  20th.  1794 — and  it  is  inconsistent  with  the 
plan  of  our  work  to  enter  into  any  detailed  history  of  his 
political  labours.  These  form  an  important  part  of  the 
history  of  his  country  for  a  quarter  of  a  century.  Some 
of  the  principal  we  shall  have  occasion  to  refer  to  here- 
after. We  now  proceed  to  notice  some  of  the  most  im- 
portant of  Mr.  Burke's  publications.  The  edition  of  his 
Works  and  Correspondence,  pub.  by  F.  &  J.  Rivington, 
Lon.,  1852,  in  8  vols.  Svo,  contains  tho  whole  of  the  20 
volumes  previously  published.  A  Short  Account  of  a  late 
short  Administration,  1766.  This,  the  author's  first  poli- 
tical pamphlet,  is  an  exposition  of  the  twelve  months' 
administration  of  the  Rockingham  ministry.  It  was  anony- 
mous. 

Observations  on  a  lat«  Publication  entitled  The  Present 
State  of  the  Nation,  1769.  The  Present  State,  &q.  was 
the  production  of  Mr.  Grenville,  or  his  former  secretary, 
Mr.  Knox. 

'•  Mr.  Burke  fairly  convicts  his  opponent  of  inconclusive  reason- 
ing, of  inaccuracy  in  many  parts  of  his  subject,  and  of  ignorance 
as  to  facts  and  details  on  the  great  principles  of  commerce  and 
revenue,  on  which  Mr.  Grenville  particularly  plumed  himself," — 
Prior. 

The  5th  edit,  of  this  pamphlet  was  published  in  1782. 
Thoughts  on  the  Cause  of  the  Present  Discontents,  1773. 
Letter  to  the  Sheriffs  of  Bristol,  1777.  This  was  a  vindi- 
cation of  his  line  of  conduct  on  the  American  Question. 
His  Thirteen  Propositions  for  ((uieting  the  troubles  in 
America,  had  been  submitted  in  March,  1775.  His  power- 
ful advocacy  of  Colonial  interests  strengthened  the  heart 
and  nerved  the  arm  of  the  American  patriots,  and  his 
exertions  on  their  liehalf  were  rewarded  by  a  nation's  gra- 
titude. As  early  as  1771  the  State  of  New  York  had  ap- 
pointed Mr.  Burke  its  agent,  an  office  which  added  some 
£700  per  annum  to  his  income.  Reflections  on  the  Revo- 
lution in  France,  1790,  in  a  Letter  to  a  French  gentleman. 
This  work  was  translated  into  French  by  M.  Bupont,  and 
at  once  took  a  strong  hold  of  the  public  mind  of  Europe. 
It  was  elaborated  with  great  care,  more  than  a  dozen  proofs 
being  worked  off  and  destroyed  before  the  classical  taste 
of  the  author  was  satisfied.  Within  the  first  year  about 
19,000  copies  were  sold  in  England,  and  about  13,000  in 
France.  The  first  demand  continued  in  England  until 
30,000  copies  were  absorbed :  and  some  experienced  book- 
sellers have  declared  that  the  sale  was  greater  than  of  any 
preceding  book  whatever  of  the  same  price,  (5  shillings.) 
It  has  been  remarked  that  perhaps  no  writer  was  ever  be- 
fore so  complimented.  Tho  Sovereigns  assembled  at  Pil- 
nitz — the  Emperor  of  Germany  being  of  the  number — 
the  Princes  of  France,  the  Empress  of  Ru??ia,  and  the 
King  of  England,  hastened  to  honour  that  genius  which 
dignified  human  nature  and  would  have  ennolded  the  low- 
est of  the  race.  George  of  England — with  all  his  faults, 
one  of  the  best  kings  who  ever  sat  upon  the  British  throne 
— personally  distributed  the  work  he  so  much  admired, 
with  the  emphatic  commendation  that  it  was  "a  book 
which  every  gentleman  ought  to  read." 

Stanislaus  of  Poland  sent  the  author  his  likeness  on  a 
gold  medal,  with  a  letter  written  in  English,  "  deeming 
that  language  the  most  copious  and  energetic  to  convey 
the  high  sense  which  he  entertained  of  his  patriotism  and 
talents." 

Tho  venerable  seats  of  that  priceless  learning  which 
jireserves  the  records  of  the  experience  of  the  past,  that  it 
may  be  converted  to  the  wisdom  of  the  future,  vied  with 


BUR 

each  other  in  thoir  expressions  of  esteem  for  '*  the  powerful 
advocate  of  the  constitution,  the  friend  of  puldie  order, 
virtue,  and  the  happiness  of  mankind."  The  Doctors  of 
Trinity  College,  Dublin,  famed  for  profound  indoctrina- 
tion in  the  beauties  and  subtilties  of  the  hmf^uage  of  Cicero 
and  Horace,  reverentially  laid  their  tribute  at  the  feet  of 
a  master  whose  eloquence  as  much  exceeded  the  loftiest 
strains  of  the  one  as  his  withering  exposure  of  the  crimes 
of  an  insane  Democracy  surpassed  the  biting  satire  of  the 
other.  The  resident  graduates  of  the  University  of  Ox- 
ford— which  from  the  time  of  Alfred  has  opened  her  gates 
to  send  forth,  for  the  instruction  of  mankind,  teachers  pro- 
foundly versed  in  sacred  and  classic  lore — presented  their 
admiring  acknowledgments  to  the  champion  who  had  so 
eloquently  and  ably  defended  those  principles  for  the  ad- 
vancement of  wliich  it  was  their  province  to  labour.  The 
reverend  dignitaries  of  the  Churches  of  England  and 
France  pronounced  their  benedictions  upon  one  who,  in  an 
age  of  infidelity,  exalted  the  inspiration  of  the  written 
word,  and  pninted  to  the  Cross  of  the  Redeemer  as  the 
only  infallible  refuge  for  man  amidst  the  calamities  and 
disorders  of  a  fallen  world.  AYho  indeed  can  peruse  the 
Reflections  without  admiration  of  the  genius,  even  if  he 
question  some  of  the  sentiments,  of  the  gifted  author? 

The  publication  of  opinions  so  hostile  to  the  English 
sympathizers  with  the  French  Revolutionists — soon  regi- 
cides— produced  confusion  in  their  ranks,  and  hastened  that 
separation  between  Buike  and  Fox  which  sooner  or  later 
seemed  inevitable.  On  the  6th  of  May  of  the  next  year, 
occurred  that  memorable  scene — the  rupture  between  these 
distinguished  men — to  the  pathos  an<l  interest  of  which 
neither  pen  nor  pencil  can  do  justice.  The  subject  before 
the  House  was  the  Canada  Bill,  and  Mr.  Burke  opened  the 
debate.  Previous  to  the  recess,  Mr.  Fox  had,  by  implica- 
tion, thrown  out  a  challenge  to  Burke  to  discuss  the  vexed 
question  of  the  French  Revolution.  Mr.  Burke  had  no 
opportunity  to  reply  before  the  next  meeting  of  the  House. 
In  his  opening  speech  he  adverted  to  it.  but  was  immedi- 
ately called  to  order  by  Mr.  Fox,  as  touching  on  forbidden 
grounds.  Mr.  Burke,  surprised  by  this  rudeness,  attempted 
a  reply,  but  was  again  and  again  interrupted  by  Fox,  with 
whom  others  now  joined,  and  Burke  listened  with  asto- 
nishment and  mortiiication  whilst  the  late  friend  of  his 
bosom  assailed  him  with  the  bitterest  irony  and  keenest 
invective,  only  miide  the  more  poignant  by  professions  of 
unbounded  admiration  of  his  genius  and  abilities.  Mr. 
Burke  at  length  was  allowed  an  opportunity  to  reply.  He 
rose  amidst  prof<nmd  silence,  for  there  was  something  in 
that  unriitHed  brow,  something  in  that  eye,  and  in  the  tones 
of  that  eloquent  voice  which  had  so  long  "  taught  senators 
wisdom,"  and  under  whose  rebuke  the  proudest  nobles  of 
the  land  had  often  stood  abashed — something  there  was 
which  told  every  beating  heart  that  this  would  be  a  day 
long  to  be  remembered  by  the  Commons  of  England.  He 
complained  of  "  being  treated  with  harshness  and  malig- 
nity, for  which  the  motive  seemed  unaccountable : — of  be- 
ing personally  attacked  from  a  quarter  where  he  least  ex- 
pected it,  after  an  intimacy  of  more  than  twenty-two  years ; 
of  his  public  sentiments  and  writings  being  garbled,  and 
his  confidential  communications  violated,  to  give  colour  to 
an  unjust  charge;  and  that  though  at  his  time  of  life  it 
was  obviously  indiscreet  to  provoke  enemies,  or  to  lose 
friends,  as  he  could  not  hope  for  the  opportunity  necessary 
to  acquire  others,  yet  if  his  steady  adherence  to  the  British 
constitution  placed  him  in  such  a  dilemma,  he  would  risk 
all,  and  as  public  duty  and  public  prudence  taught  him, 
with  bis  last  breath,  exclaim.  'Fly  from  the  French  con- 
stitution.'" Mr.  Fox  was  alarmed  at  the  consequences  of 
his  indiscretion  ;  he  whispered  to  the  friend  who  had  long 
loved  and  borne  with  him,  ** There  is  no  loss  of  friend- 
ship !"  ''  Yes,  there  is !"  replied  Burke ;  "  I  know  the  price 
of  my  conduct!  I  have  indeed  made  a  great  sacrifice  :  I 
have  done  my  duty,  though  I  have  lost  my  friend !"  A 
painful  scene  now  ensued.  Fox  rose  in  groat  agitation.  He 
trembled  at  the  results  of  his  folly;  and  felt  that  his  pu- 
nishment was  more  than  he  could  bear.  In  vain  he  essayed 
to  speak,  and  he  stood  the  picture  of  contrition  before  the 
House,  until  at  last  nature  found  relief  in  tears.  He  turned 
to  the  friend  whose  feelings  he  had  so  deeply  outraged — 
that  friend,  too,  one  of  the  noblest  of  his  kind  :  he  con- 
jured him  in  the  most  pathetic  terms — by  "the  remem- 
brance of  their  past  attachment — their  unalienable  friend- 
ship— their  reciprocal  affection,  as  dear  and  almost  as 
binding  as  the  ties  of  nature  between  father  and  son, — he 
conjured  him  to  revoke  his  renunciation  and  forget  the 
past!"  But.  unfortunately,  after  all  this  burst  of  grief 
and  affection,  foolishly — unaccountably — for  some  demon 


BUR 

seemed  to  have  entered  into  Fox  that  unhappy  day — he 
again  gave  loose  to  the  frenzy  wliich  appeared  to  actuate 
him — and  again  and  again  offended.  The  breach  was 
never  healed. 

In  179-4  Mr.  Burke  was  struck  to  the  earth  by  a  blow 
which  robbed  life  of  its  attractions,  and  rendered  him  in- 
different to  the  trappings  of  rank  with  which  his  sovereign 
had  purposed  to  honour  his  declining  years.  In  the  spring 
of  that  year  he  had  followed  his  only  and  beloved  brother 
to  the  grave,  and  before  autumn  had  changed  the  foliage 
of  the  woods,  his  son,  an  only  son,  was  called  to  the  "nar- 
row house  appointed  for  all  living,"  Young  Burke  had 
accepted  a  post  in  Ireland,  but 

"  lie  was  sinking  into  consumption.  ;iiid  his  physicians  detained 
him  tVnm  his  duties;  not  diu-injj;,  howevyr,  to  apprize  his  father  of 
tht'  il.m^'tT.  for  they  knt.'w  that,  like  the  patriarch  of  old,  '  his  life 
was  iMiiiud  up  in  the  lad's  Hfe.'  and  were  convinced  that  a  know- 
h-iV^r-  of  till-  truth  would  prove  fatal  to  him  sooner  than  to  his  son. 
lit'  was.  thtit-fore.  kHjit  in  ignorance  until  a  week  before  the  clos- 
injj;  scein'.  and  from  that  time  until  all  was  over,  '  he  slept  not,  he 
scarcely  tasted  food,  or  ceased  from  the  most  affecting  lamenta- 
tions.' The  last  moments  of  young  Uurke  present  one  of  those 
striking  cases  in  which  nature  seems  to  rally  all  her  powers  at  the 
approach  of  dissolution,  as  the  taper  often  tmrus  bri^'htest  in  the 
act  of  going  out.  Ilis  father  was  waiting  liis  d.'iiartur.-  in  an  ad- 
joining room,  (for  he  was  unable  to  bear  thi-  si^lif.)  whrn  hp  rose 
froDi  his  bed.  dressed  himself  completely,  and  leaning  un  his  nurse, 
entered  the  room  where  he  was  sitting.  '  Speak  to  me,  my  dear  fa- 
ther,' snid  lie.  as  he  saw  him  bowed  to  the  earth  under  the  ]>oignancy 
of  his  grief.  "  I  am  in  no  terror;  I  feel  myself  better  and  in  spirits; 
yet  my  heart  flutters.  I  know  not  why  !  Pray  talk  to  me — of  reli- 
gion—of morality—of  inditTerent  .subjects.'  Then,  returning  to 
his  room,  he  exclaimed,  'What  noise  is  that?  Does  it  rain?'  •  No; 
it  is  the  rustling  of  the  wind  in  the  trees.'  The  invalid  then  broke 
out  at  once  with  a  clear,  sweet  voice  in  that  lit-autiful  passage  (the 
favourite  lines  of  his  father)  from  the  Morning  Hymn  in  Milton: 
'  Ilis  praise,  ye  winds,  that  from  four  quarters  blow, 
Breathe  sol^t  or  loud;  and  wave  your  tops,  ye  pines, 
"With  every  plant,  in  sign  of  worship,  wave!' 

"  He  began  again  and  again,  repeated  them  with  the  same  ten- 
derness and  fervour,  bowing  his  head  as  in  the  act  of  worship,  and 
then  sank  into  the  arms  of  his  parents,  as  in  a  profound  and 
sw.-et  sleep.  It  «^>u]d  be  too  painful  to  dwell  on  scenes  that  fol- 
lowed, until  the  father  laid  all  that  nmained  to  him  of  his  child 
beneath  the  Beaconsfield  Church-  adjoining  his  estate.  From  that 
hour  he  never  looked,  if  he  could  avoid  it.  toward  that  church! 
Eishteen  months  after,  when  he  had  somewhat  recovered  his  com- 
posure, he  thus  adverted  to  his  loss  in  his  celebrated  Letter  to  a 
^■oble  Lord :  '  The  storm  has  gone  over  me,  and  I  lie  like  one  of 
those  old  oaks  which  the  late  hurricane  has  scattered  around  me. 
1  am  stripped  of  all  my  honours:  I  am  torn  up  by  the  roots,  and 
lie  prostrate  to  the  earth!  There. and  prostrate  there,  I  must  un- 
feignedly  recognise  the  divine  justice,  and  in  some  degree  submit 
to  it.  .  .  .  1  am  alfme  !  I  have  tume  to  nieii  my  memie-s  in  the  gate?  " 
See  Dr.  French  Laurence's  Letter  to  Mrs.  Haviland. 

It  is  hardly  necessary  at  this  day  to  do  more  than  briefly 
notice  the  alleged  identity  of  Mr.  Burke  with  the  author 
of  the  Letters  of  Junius.  At  one  time  it  was  generally 
believed  that  he  was  the  author,  and  Mr.  Roche  made  out 
so  strong  a  case  in  his  Inquiry  that  even  the  quick-witted 
Anti-Jacobin  Review  was  completely  convinced,  as  the 
following  verdict  testifies: 

■'  We  feel  it  our  duty  before  we  enter  into  any  particulars  re- 
specting this  work,  to  declare,  that  i7  haa  fiillj/  com-ivced  us  of  the 
truth  which  it  is  intendrd  to  establish ;— that  the  Letters  i if  .Ju- 
nius were  written  by  the  I!iglit  IloiHmrablo  Kdmund  Lurke.  Mr. 
Roche  has.  indeed,  brought  to^'cther  such  a  body  of  evidence,  in- 
ternal, direct,  and  circumstantial,  as  must  eventually  settle  this 
interesting  and  long-disputed  question." 

We  shall  not  be  expected  to  give  any  opinion  upon  a 
point  on  which  most  literary  men  have  their  own  theory. 
The  matter  will  be  adverted  to  again  in  our  notice  of  Sir 
PniLii'  Francis.  That  Mr.  Burke  at  least  knew  who  the 
author  was.  we  have  good  reason  to  believe, — hut  he  "died 
and  made  no  sign."  We  know  an  English  gentleman  who 
protests  that  he  possesses  the  secret,  and  he  may  reveal 
something  further. 

Of  all  those  speeches  by  which  he  acquired  such  renown, 
Mr.  Burke  prepared  the  following  only  for  the  press:  L 
On  American  Taxation  ;  delivered  April  9,  1774.  2.  On 
Conciliation  with  America:  March  22,  1775.  3.  On  Eco- 
nomical Reform:  Feb.  20.  1780.  4.  At  Bristol,  previous 
to  the  Election:  September  fi,  17S0.  5.  On  Declining  the 
Election  at  Bristol :  September  9,  17^0.  6.  On  the  East 
India  Bill  of  Mr.  Fox;  December  1,  1783.  7.  On  the 
Nabob  of  Arcot's  Debts.  Feb.  28,  1785.  All  of  these,  with 
the  exception  of  that  On  Economical  Reform,  will  be 
found  in  the  Rev.  Dr.  Chauncey  A.  Goodrich's  Select  Bri- 
tish Eloquence,  where  the  reader  may  also  peruse  an  ad- 
mirahle  analysis  of  Mr.  Burke's  characteristics  as  an  au- 
thor and  an  orator.  The  great  speech  of  July  16,  1794, 
On  the  Impeachment  of  Warren  Hastings,  Mr,  Burke 
never  prepared  for  the  press.  Mr.  Macaulay  has  sketched 
the  august  spectacle  of  that  day  in  colours  but  little  less 
vivid  than  those  which  exposed  the  gigantic  wickedness 

291 


BUR 

of  the  late  Governor-General  of  India.  He  also  does  jus- 
tice to  the  purity  of  motive  and  laudable  philanthropy 
which  actuated  Burke  in  this  prosecution,  and  properly 
rebukes  the  disreputable  attempt  of  the  reverend  biogra- 
pher (Gleig)  of  Hastings  to  impute  petty  malice  to  a  mind 
too  noble  to  harbour  such  an  unworthy  tenant.  Of  all  the 
flattering  portrait-painters  of  the  age.  perhaps  the  most 
successful  in  converting  defirmity  into  beauty  are  Mr. 
Basil  Montagu,  Sir  John  Malcolm,  and  the  Rev.  Dr.  Gleig: 
see  portraits  of  Bacon,  Clive.  and  Hastings,  as  sketched 
by  these  great  masters.  We  shall  now,  in  justice  to  the 
illustrious  subject  of  our  notice,  and  that  we  may  not  be 
suspected  of  extravagance  in  the  eulogies  for  which  we 
are  personally  responsible,  quote  from  the  recorded  opinion 
of  a  number  of  his  contemporaries  and  successors : 
'•  There  never  was  .1  more  beautiful  alliance  between  virtue  and 


BUR 

chivalrv  :  and  1  can  almost  forgive  bis  reverence  for  church  estab- 
"lifb-uients/— i-^T'^ARD  Gibbon.  _ 

"  ■\Vbea  he  has  roused  us  with  the  thunders  of  his  eloquence, 
ho  can  at  once.  Tiinotheus-like.  choose  a  melancholy  theme,  and 
melt  us  into  pitv  :  there  is  grace  in  his  an^er.  for  he  can  inveigh 
without  vulgarity ;  he  can  modulate  the  strongest  burst  of  pas- 
sion, for  even  in  his  madness  there  is  music."— Cu.mbekland. 

"That  volume  of  voice,  that  superabundant  richness  and  fer- 
tility of  fancy,  that  vast  grasp  and  range  of  mind,  which  Mr. 
Burke  possessed  beyond  all  created  beings." 

On  one  occasion  Mr.  Shackleton,  after  listening  to  some 
of  Burke's  conversational  eloquence,  remarked  aside  to  the 
orator's  sou,  "  He  is  the  greatest  man  of  the  age."  *'  He  is," 
replied  the  son,  with  filial  enthusiasm,  *'the  greatest  man 
of  any  age !"  It  is  to  be  here  observed  that  Burke,  with 
that  remarkable  modesty  which  so  eminently  distinguished 
him,  and  which  prevented  bis  making  a  collection  of  his 
writings,  considered  his  son's  talents  as  far  superior  to  his 


talents.     All  his  conceptions  were  kind,  all  his  sentiments  gene-  |  q^^_      Wilherforce  remarked 


rous.  .  .  .  The  sublimest  talents,  the  greatest  and  rarest  virtues 
that  the  beneficence  of  Providence  ever  concentrated  in  a  single 
character  for  the  benefit  of  mankind.  But  Mr.  Burke  was  too  su- 
perior to  the  age  in  which  he  lived.  His  prophetic  genius  only 
astonished  the  nation  which  it  ought  to  have  governed." — M. 
CazaiJs. 

"  I  do  not  reckon  it  amongst  the  least  calamities  of  the  times, 
certainly  not  among  those  that  affect  me  le.ast.  that  the  world  has 
now  lost  Mr.  Burke.  Oh  1  how  much  may  we  rue  that  his  counsels 
were  uut  followed.  Oh  1  how  exa,ctly  do  we  see  verified  all  that  he 
has  predicted  !"—WiNDnAM. 

"  He  must  again  repeat  that  all  he  ever  knew  of  men,  that  all 
he  ever  read  in  books,  that  all  his  reasoning  faculties  informed 
him  of,  or  his  fitncy  suggested  to  him.  did  not  impart  that  exalted 
knowledice.  that  superior  information,  which  he  had  acquired 
from  the  lessons  of  his  right  honourable  friend.  To  him  he  owed 
all  his  fame,  if  fame  he  had  any.  And  if  he  (Mr.  Fox)  should 
now,  or  at  any  time,  prevail  over  him  in  discussion,  he  could  ac- 
knowledge his  gratitude  for  the  capability  and  pride  of  the  con- 
quest in  telling  him  '  Hoc  ipsum  quod  vincit  id  est  tuum.'" — Mr. 
Fox's  Sj^efch  in  the  House  of  Commons  on  the  occasion  of  his  rupture 
witii  Mr.  Burke. 

At  the  moment  of  proposing  Mr.  Burke's  interment  in 
Westminster  Abbey,  he  again  repeated  the  same  acknow- 
ledgments in  terms  which,  in  the  words  of  a  member  in 
attendance,  "drew  tears  from  every  one  present  who  had 
any  feelings  at  all,  or  could  sympathize  in  the  excellence 
of  the  great  genius  before  them,  or  with  the  still  greater 
excellence  of  the  genius  who  had  departed." 

'■  Burke  understands  every  thing  but  gaming  and  music.  In 
the  House  of  Commons  I  sometimes  think  him  only  the  second 
man  in  England ;  out  of  it  he  is  always  the  first."— Gerard  Ha- 
milton. 

"  The  admiration,  nay  astonishment,  with  which  I  so  often  list- 
ened to  Mr.  Burke,  gave  an  interest  to  every  spot  connected  with 


his  memory,  and  forcibly  brouubt  to  my  recollection  the  profun- 
dity and  extent  of  bis  knowledge,  while  the  energy,  warmth,  a 


,  and 


beauty  of  his  imagery,  captured  the  heart,  and  made  the  judgment 
tributary  to  the  will.  As  an  oi-ator  he  surpassed  all  his  contem- 
poraries, and  was  perhaps  never  exceeded." — Curwen. 

Another  contemporary  remarks : 

*'The  political  knowledge  of  Mr.  Burke  might  be  considered  al- 
most as  an  Encyclopaedia:  every  man  who  approached  him  re- 
ceived instruction  from  his  stores." 

One  who  generally  opposed  him  in  politics  acknowledges 
that 

'■  Learning  waited  upon  him  as  a  handmaid,  presenting  to  his 
choice  all  that  antiquity  had  culled  or  invented;  he  often  seemed 
to  be  oppressed  under  the  load  and  variety  of  his  intellectual  (rea- 
Bures.  Every  power  of  oratory  was  wielded  by  him  in  turn;  for 
he  could  be  during  the  same  evening  pathetic  and  humorous, 
acrimonious  and  conciliating;  now  giving  a  loose  to  his  indigna- 
tion and  severity,  and  then,  almost  in  the  same  breath,  calling  to 
his  assistance  ridicule,  wit,  and  mockery." 
Another  political  opponent  remarks  : 

"  As  an  orator,  notwithstanding  some  defects,  he  stands  almost 
unrivalled.  No  man  was  better  calculated  to  arouse  the  dormant 
passions,  to  call  forth  the  glowing  affections  of  the  human  heart, 
and  to  '  harrow  up'  the  inmost  recesses  of  the  soul.  Venality  and 
meanness  stood  appalled  in  his  presence;  he  who  was  dead  to  the 
feelings  of  his  own  conscience  was  still  alive  to  his  animated  re- 
proaches; and  corruption  for  a  while  became  alarmed  at  the  ter- 
rors of  his  countenance.'' 

"  His  learning  is  so  various  and  extensive  that  we  might  praise 
It  for  its  range  and  compass,  weie  it  not  still  more  praiseworthy 
for  its  solidity  and  depth.  His  imagination  is  so  lively  and  so  crea- 
tive, that  he  may  justly  be  called  the  child  of  fancy :  and,  there- 
fore, his  enemies,  for  even  he  is  not  without  them,  would  persuade 
us  that  his  fancy  overbears  his  judgment.  .  .  .  His  grand  charac- 
teristic is  genius,  and  his  ruling  faculty  is  judgment.  .  .  .  ^Vhilst 
he  persuades  as  an  orator,  he  instructs  as  a  philosopher." — Hev. 
TnoMAS  Campbell,  author  nf  the  History  of  hdond. 

"  Of  his  talents  and  acquirements  in  general,  it  is  unnecessary 
to  speak.  They  were  long  the  glory  of  his  country  and  the  admi- 
ration of  Europe;  they  might  have  been  (bad  it  consisted  with  the 
inscrutable  counsels  of  Pivine  Providence)  the  salvation  of  both. 
If  not  the  most  accomplished  orator,  yet  the  most  eloquent  man 
of  his  age.  perhaps  second  to  none  in  any  age,  he  had  still  more 
wisdom  than  eloquence.  He  diligently  collected  it  from  the  wise 
of  all  ages;  but  what  he  had  so  obtained  he  enriched  from  the 
vast  treasury  of  his  own  observation." — Dr.  French  Laurence. 
"I  admire  bis  eloquence;  I  approve  his  politics;  I  adore  his 
292 


His  eloquence  had  always  attracted,  his  imagination  continu- 
allv  charmed,  his  reasonings  often  convinced,  him.  Of  his  head 
and  his  heart,  of  his  abilities  and  of  bis  humanity,  of  his  rectitude 
and  perseverance,  no  man  could  entertain  a  higher  opinion  than 
he  did." 

"  ^Vhen  the  public  mind  was  darkened  that  it  could  not  discern, 
when  in  every  quarter  of  the  heaven  appeared  vapour  and  mist  and 
cloud  and  exhalation,  at  this  very  hour  the  morning  horizon  be- 
gan suddenly  to  redden  :  it  was  the  dawn.    Then,  indeed, 
'  First  in  his  east  the  glorious  lamp  was  seen, 
Begent  of  day!' 
That  luminary  was  EDT^itiND  Burke.  ...  I  would  record  in  lasting 
characters,  and  in  our  holie.st  and  most  honourable  temple,  the  de- 
parted Oratiir  of  Kntrland.  the  Statesman  and  the  Christian,  Kd- 
MCND  Burke.     Kemiineratio  ^us  Cum  Altissimol"— /^rirmts  of 
Literntuni. 

'■  The  name  of  Burke  will  be  remembered  with  admiration  when 
those  of  Pitt  and  Fox  will  he  comparatively  forgotten."— Lord 
Thurlow. 

'•Let  me  speak  what  my  mind  prompts  of  the  eloquence  of 
Burke;  of  Burke,  by  whose  sweetness  Athens  herself  would  have 
been  soothed,  with  whose  amplitude  and  exuberance  she  would 
have  been  enraptured,  and  on  whose  lips  that  prolific  mother  of 
genius  and  science  would  have  adored,  confessed,  the  Goddess  of 

Persuasion Who  is  there  among  men  of  eloquence  or  learning 

more  profoundly  versed  in  every  branch  of  science?  Who  is  there 
that  bus  cultivated  philosophy  ,'the  parent  of  all  that  is  illustrious 
in  literatuie  or  expkiit.  with  more  felicitous  success?  .  .  Who  is 
there  that  cnnil>ines  the  charm  of  invisible  grace  and  urbanity  with 
such  magnificent  and  boundless  expansion?"— Dr.  Paer.  See  these 
opinions  and  others  in  Prior's  Life  of  Burke. 

In  conversation  Burke  was  as  unrivalled  as  in  oratory. 
Johnson  was  the  first  man  in  the  literary  circles  of  London 
when  Burke  was  absent,  but  he  knew  himself  to  be  only 
second  in  the  presence  of  Burke.  It  was  a  "  striking  spec- 
tacle to  see  one  so  proud  and  stubborn,  who  had  for  years 
been  accustomed  to  give  forth  his  iHcta  with  the  authority 
of  an  oracle,  submit  to  contradiction  from  a  youth  of 
twenty-seven.  But  though  Johnson  diflered  from  Burke 
in  politics,  he  always  did  him  justice.  He  spoke  of  him 
from  the  first  in  terms  of  the  highest  respecL"  He  re- 
marked to  Boswell : 

"  '  I  do  not  grudge  Burke's  being  the  first  man  in  the  House  of 
Commons,  for  he  is  the  first  everywhere.'  '  Burke,'  he  remarked 
upon  another  occasion,  *  is  an  extraordinary  man.  His  stream  of 
talk  is  perpetual;  and  he  does  not  talk  from  any  desire  of  distinc- 
tion, but  because  his  mind  is  full.  ...  He  is  the  only  man  whoso 
common  conversation  corresponds  with  the  general  fame  which 
he  has  in  the  world.  Take  him  up  where  you  please,  he  is  ready 
to  meet  you.  ...  No  man  of  sense  could  meet  Burke  by  accident 
under  a  gateway,  to  avoid  a  shower,  without  being  convinced  that 
he  was  the  first  man  in  England." 

"A  striking  confirmation  of  this  remark  occurred  some  years 
after,  when  Mr.  Burke  was  passing  thntugh  Lichfield,  the  birth- 
place of  Johnson.  Wishing  to  see  the  Catheilral.  during  the  change 
of  horses,  he  stepped  into  the  building,  and  was  met  by  one  of  the 
clergy  of  the  pl.ace,  who  kindly  offered  to  point  out  the  principal 
objects  of  curiosity.  A  conversation  ensued,  but  in  a  few  moments 
the  clergyman's  pride  of  local  information  was  completely  subdued 
by  the  copious  and  intricate  knowledge  displayed  by  the  stranger. 
Whatever  topic  the  objects  before  them  suggested,  whether  the 
theme  was  architecture  or  antiquities,  some  obscure  passage  in 
ecclesiastical  history,  or  some  question  respecting  the  life  of  a  saint, 
he  touched  it  as  with  a  sunbeam.  His  information  appeared  uni- 
versal; his  mild,  clear  intellect,  without  one  particle  of  ignorance. 
A  few  minutes  after  their  separation,  the  clergyman  was  met  hur- 
rying through  the  street.  - 1  have  had.'  said  he, '  quite  an  adven- 
ture. I  have  been  conversing  for  this  half  hour  past  with  a  man 
of  the  most  extraordinary  powers  of  mind  and  extent  of  informa- 
tion which  it  has  ever  been  my  fortune  to  meet  with;  and  I  am 
now  going  to  the  inn  to  ascertain,  if  possible,  who  this  stranger 
is.'  Johnson  considered  that  he  would  have  excited  as  much  won- 
der in  much  lower  company.  '  If  he  should  go  into  a  stable,  and 
talk  a  few  minutes  with  the  hostlers  about  horses,  they  would 
venerate  him  as  the  wisest  of  human  beings.  They  would  say. 
We  bavehad  an  exti-aordinary  man  here.'  .  .  .  In  speaking  of  Mr. 
Burke's  social  hours,  the  late  Mr.  Grattan  observed  to  several 
friends,  that  be  was  the  greatest  man  in  conversation  he  had  met 
with.  A  nobleman  who  was  present  fLord  C.)  inqnii-ed  whether 
he  did  not  think  Curran  on  some  occasions  greater.  '  No.  my  Lord.* 
wasthereplv;  'Curran  indeed  had  much  wit:  but  Burke  had  wit 
too.  and.  in  addition  to  wit,  boundless  stores  of  wisdom  and  know- 
,  ledge.'" 


BUR 


BUR 


When  some  one  eulogized  Johnson's  powers  of  conver- 
sation, "But,"  replied  Goldsmith,  "is  he  like  Burke,  who 
winds  luU)  his  subject  like  a  serpent?" 

It  is  worth  noticing  here  that  Mr.  Burke  himself  consi- 
dered Mrs.  Anne  Pitt,  sister  of  the  minister  at  the  head  of 
the  cabinet,  as  "  the  most  perfectly  eloquent  person  he  ever 
heard  speak.  He  lamented  not  having  committed  to  paper 
one  particular  conversation  in  which  the  richness  and  va- 
riety of  her  discourse  quite  astonished  him."  We  hope 
that  our  readers  will  appreciate  the  gallantry  which  causes 
us  to  introduce  this  anecdote. 

'•  It  would  notbf  difticulttuinultiply  evidences  of  the  vast  stores 
of  knowledi,'e  which  Mr.  Burke  seems  to  have  always  had  on  hand 
ready  for  use  at  a  monjent's  notice.  On  one  occasion  he  dined  with 
a  party,  where  he  met  with  an  ecclesiastical  dignitary  who  surprised 
the  company  by  stjirting  'subjects  of  conversation  so  abstruse  or 
unusual.  th;it  f«w  of  his  hearers  felt  inclined  or  qualified  to  accom- 
pany bim.'  Mr.  Burke  said  nothing  for  some  time;  but  when  the 
gentleman  committed  an  error  in  his  detail  of  some  of  the  opei-a- 
tionsof  Caesar  in  Britain,  he  immediat^-ly  corrected  him:  the  clergy- 
man bowed  without  making  any  reply.  He  then  brought  up  for 
discussion  the  merits  of  some  obscure  Latin  authors,  and  was  giv- 
ing a  quotation,  when  Mr.  Burke  reminded  him  that  he  had  not 
rendered  properly  two  or  three  words  of  the  sentence.  Again  he 
introduced  to  the  notice  of  the  company  a  description  of  a  rare  old 
volume, 'containing  some  curious  geographical  details.'  Here  at 
least  he  was  safe  from  the  formidable  critic !  Not  at  all :  Mr.  Burke 
took  the  subject  out  of  his  hands,  and  commented  on  it  as  if  it  had 
been  an  everyday  matter. 

"  At  the  conclusion  of  the  evening  Mr.  Richards  and  the  Arch- 
deacon walked  home  together.  '  Sir.'  observed  the  former.  '  I  ad- 
mired your  patience  when  so  repeatedly,  and  I  dare  say,  unneces- 
sarily, interrupted  by  Mr.  Burke;  for,  from  the  nature  of  your 
studies,  you  mustbea  more  competent  judge  of  such  matters  than 
the  bustle  of  politics  can  permit  him  to  be.'  'Mr.  Burke  was  never- 
theless right,  and  I  was  wrong.'  replied  the  Archdeacon :  '  nay 
more;  T  confess T  went  previously  prepared  to  .speak  on  these  sul>- 
jects,  for  knowing  that  I  was  to  meet  him,  and  hearing  that  he 
was  acquaintt^d  with  almost  every  thing,  I  had  determined  to  put 
his  knowledge  to  the  test,  and  fir  this  purpose  had  spent  much 
of  the  morning  in  my  study.  Jly  memory,  however,  has  been 
more  treacherous  than  I  had  imagined.'" 

If  the  mere  perusal  of  Burke's  speeches  affect  us  so 
powerfully,  what  must  have  been  the  emotions  of  his  audi- 
tory! The  Duke  de  Levis  heard  one  of  his  philippics 
against  the  French  Revolution,  and  he  declares  that 

"  This  extraordinary  man  seemed  to  raise  and  queil  the  passions 
of  his  auditory  with  as  much  ease  and  as  rapidly  as  a  skilful  mu- 
sician passes  into  the  various  modulations  of  his  harpsiiln.rd.  I 
have  witnessed  many,  too  many,  political  assemlilages.  and  strik- 
ing scenes,  where  eloquence  performed  a  noble  part,  but  the  whnle 
Of  them  appear  insipid  when  compjtrcd  with  this  amazing  effort." 

When  he  painted  the  cruelties  of  Debi  Sing  in  his  speech 
on  the  impeachment  of  ^Varreu  Hastings,  the  writer  of  the 
History  of  the  Trial  tells  us 

"  In  this  part  of  his  speech  Mr.  Burke's  descriptions  were  more 
vivid,  more  harrowing,  and  more  horrific,  than  human  utterance, 
or  either  tact  or  fancy,  perhaps  ever  formed  befure.  The  agitation 
of  most  people  was  very  apparent:  Mrs.  Sheridan  was  so  overpow- 
ered that  she  fainted  :  several  others  weire  as  powerfully  affected." 

Mrs.  Siddons  is  said  to  have  been  one  of  the  number 
thus  overcome  by  a  mightier  eloquence  than  any  known  to 
the  stage. 

The  "  flinty  chancellor,"  Lord  Thurlow,  albeit  unused  to 
the  melting  mood,  was  so  visibly  affected,  that  "iron  tear.s 
down  Pluto's  cheek"  was  very  near  to  being  something  more 
than  a  simile  of  the  orator's. 

"  In  his  address  to  the  Peers,  some  days  afterwards,  he  concluded 
a  handsome  eulogium  on  the  speech,  by  oliserving  that  their  '  Lord- 
ships all  knew  the  effect  ujKin  the  auditors,  many  of  whom  had 
not  to  that  moment,  and  perhaps  never  would,  recover  from  the 
shock  it  had  occasioned.'" 

"  The  testimony  of  the  accused  party  himself  is  perhaps  the 
strongest  ever  borne  to  the  powers  of  any  speaker  of  any  country. 
•  For  half  an  hour.'  said  Mr.  Hastings.  '  I  Icxiked  up  at  the  orator 
in  a  reverie  of  wonder;  and  during  that  space  I  actually  felt  mj'- 
self  the  most  culpable  man  on  earth:'  adding,  however. — 'but  I 
recurred  to  my  own  bosom,  and  there  found  a  consciousness  that 
consoled  me  under  all  I  heard  and  all  I  suffered.'" — Prior's  Lift 
of  Burke. 

Was  there  ever  an  instance  of  such  exquisite  hypocrisy, 
or  of  such  utter  callousness  of  soul?  But  we  leave  this 
moral  phenomena  for  Dr.  (lleig's  anatomical  powers.  It 
was  enough  to  excite  a  momentary  pang  of  remorse  even 
in  the  flinty  heart  of  that  man  of  blood  and  .spoils,  to  hear 
himself  thus  most  accurately  depicted  by  the  indignant 
eloquence  of  the  first  orator  in  the  world: 

*'  Therefore  hath  it  with  all  confidence  tteen  ordered  bv  the  Com- 
mons of  Gre.at  }lritain.  that  I  impeach  Warren  Hastings  of  high 
crimes  and  misdemeanours! 

"I  Impeach  him  in  the  name  of  the  Commons  House  of  Parlia- 
ment, whose  trust  he  has  betrayed ! 

"  I  impeach  him  in  the  name  of  the  English  nation,  whose  an- 
cient hour  jr  he  has  sullied! 

*'I  impeach  him  in  the  name  of  the  people  of  India,  whose  rights 
he  has  trodden  under  foot,  and  whose  country  he  has  turned  into 
adesertl  Lastly,  in  the  name  of  human  nature  itself,  in  the 
name  of  both  sexes,  in  the  name  of  every  age.  in  the  name  of 
every  rank,  I  impeach  the  common  enemy  and  oppressor  of  alll" 


Well  said  Mr.  Fox, 

*'  If  we  are  no  longer  in  shameful  ignorance  of  India;  if  India 
no  longer  makes  us  blush  in  the  eyes  of  Kurope;  let  us  know  and 
feel  our  obligations  to  him  whose  admirable  resources  of  opinion 
and  affection — whose  uutiring  toil,  sublime  genius,  and  high  as- 
piring honour,  raised  him  up  conspicuous  among  the  most  liene- 
ficent  worthies  of  mankind!" — Speech  oti  the  ImjieacJimait  of  War* 
rcn  Hastings. 

Burke  himself  calls  this  great  work— the  arraignment 
of  Hastings — "that  principal  act  which  is  to  be  the  glory 
or  the  shame  of  my  whole  public  life." —  Works,  edit. 
1852,  ii.  309. 

Sheridan's  tribute  to  Burke  is  worthy  of  his  genius : 

"  A  gentleman  whose  abilitins.  h;ippi!y  tiir  tb>'  ^buy  of  the  age 
in  which  we  live,  are  not  intm^ted  t<'  ih.-  peri~li;ible  eloquence  of 
the  day,  but  will  live  to  be  the  admiiation  of  that  hour  when  all 
of  us  shall  be  mute,  and  most  of  us  forgotten." 

The  distinguished  .Schlegel  is  eloquent  in  his  praise: 

"This  man  has  been  to  his  own  country  and  to  all  Europe — in 
a  very  particular  manner  to  Germany — a  new  light  of  political 
wisdom  and  moral  experience.  He  corrected  his  age  when  it  was 
at  the  height  of  its  revolutionary  fi-enzy ;  and  without  maintain- 
ing any  system  of  philosophy-,  he  seems  to  have  seen  farther  info 
the  true  nature  of  society,  and  to  have  more  clearly  comprehended 
the  effect  of  religion  in  connecting  individual  security  with  na- 
tional welfare,  than  any  philosopher,  or  any  system  of  philosophy, 
of  any  succeeding  age." — SchhgeVs  Lfcturt's  oh  Literature. 

Robert  Hall,  himself  a  great  master  of  eloquence,  touches 
a  loftier  note  than  is  usual  even  with  him,  when  speaking 
of  Burke : 

"  ^^'ho  can  withstand  the  fescination  and  magic  of  his  eloquence  ? 
The  excursions  of  his  genius  are  immense!  His  imperial  fancy 
has  laid  all  nature  under  tribute,  and  has  collected  riches  from 
every  scene  of  the  creation  and  every  walk  of  art !" 

"The  immortality  of  Burke  is  that  which  is  common  to  Cicero 
or  to  Bacon. — that  which  can  never  be  interrupted  while  there  ex- 
ists the  beauty  of  order  or  the  love  of  virtue,  and  which  can  fearno 
death  except  what  barbarity  may  impose  on  the  globe."— GR-^ttan. 

Mr.  Grattan  may  be  charged  with  extravagance  in  plac- 
ing Burke  upon  a  par  with  Cicero  and  Bacon,  but  many 
capable  critics  are  not  satisfied  with  this  rank,  aud  assign 
him  a  still  higher  place.  Sir  James  Mackintosh  hardly 
allows  to  the  great  master  of  ancient  eloquence,  or  to  the 
profound  father  of  modern  philosophy,  an  equality  with 
him  who  combined  the  excellencies  of  both ; 

"  Shakspeare  and  Burke  are.  if  I  may  venture  on  the  expression, 
above  talent.  Burke  was  one  of  the  lirst  thinkers,  as  well  as  one 
of  the  greatest  orators,  of  his  time.  He  is  without  parallel  in  any 
age  or  country,  except  perhaps  Lord  Bacon  or  Cicero ;  and  hia  works 
corttain  an  ampler  store  nf  political  and  mokal  wisdom  th.\n  can  bb 
FOrXD  IN  ANY  OTHER  WRITER  WOATEVER." 

The  reader  must  not  fail  to  procure  A  Memoir  of  the 
Political  Life  of  the  Bight  Hon.  E<lniund  Burke,  2  vols, 
p.  8vo,  by  the  Rev.  George  Croly,  LL.D.,  Rector  of  St. 
Stephen's,  Wallbro.ok,  London. 

*'  We  have  quoted  enough,  and  more  than  enough,  to  convince 
the  most  skeptical  of  the  originality,  ekxiuence.  and  power  of  these 
remarkable  volumes.  We  regard  them  as  a  valuable  contribution 
to  our  national  literature,  as  an  effectual  antidote  to  revolutionary 
principles,  and  as  a  masterly  analysis  of  the  mind  and  writings  of 
the  greatest  philosopher  aud  statesman  in  our  history." — The  Bri- 
tannia. 

Mr.  Warren  thus  warmly  commends  the  political  writ- 
ings of  our  great  author  to  the  reverence  of  the  student 
at  Law: 

"  The  political  writings  of  the  illustrious  Edmund  Burke  need 
be  mentioned,  only,  to  vindicate  their  claim  to  the  continual  pe- 
rusal— the  earnest  study,  of  all  who  are  capable  of  appreciating 
the  display  of  profound  wisdom,  set  forth  in  enchanting  eloquence, 
made  contributory  to  the  advancement  of  the  permanent  and 
highest  interests  of  mankind,  and  cajiable  of  indefinitely  elevat- 
ing and  expanding  the  feelings  and  understanding — but  vain  Is 
the  task  of  attempting  to  do  justice  to  writings  upon  which  pane- 
gyric has  long  ago  exhausted  itself  Out  of  a  thousand  witnesses, 
let  us  select  the  testimony  of  one  only — one,  however,  who  has  a 
paramount  title  to  the  attention  and  deference  of  that  Bar,  of 
which  he  was  one  of  the  brightest  ornaments — Lord  Erskine. 
'Among  the  characteristics  of  Lord  Erskine's  eloquence.'  observes 
the  late  accomplished  Mr.  Henry  Koscoe,  'the  perpetual  illustra- 
tions derived  from  the  writings  of  Burke,  is  very  remarkable.  lu 
every  one  of  the  great  state  trials  in  which  he  was  concerned,  he 
referred  to  the  works  of  that  extraordinary  person,  as  to  a  text- 
book of  political  wisdom, — expounding,  enforcing,  and  justifying.- 
all  the  great  and  noble  principles  of  freedom  and  justice.'  Lord 
Erskine  himself  has  left  on  record  his  impressive  testimony  to  the 
.same  effect:  'When  I  look  into  my  own  mind,  and  find  its  best 
lights  and  principles  fed  from  that  immense  magazine  of  moral 
and  political  wisdom,  which  he  has  left  as  an  inheritance  to  man- 
kind for  their  instruction.  I  feel  myself  repelled  by  an  awful  and 
grateful  .sensibility  from  petulantly  approaching  him.'" — Wai-reri's 
Law  Sitidirs,  Lfni..  1845,  l'2mo. 

The  following  testimonies  are  of  equal  value : 

"The  writings  of  that  eminent  man  whom  posterity  will  regard 
as  the  most  eloquent  of  oi-ators.  and  the  most  profound  of  the  phi- 
losophic statesmen  of  modern  times." — Sir  Robert  Peel. 

'•  The  Speeches  he  made  will  be  the  subject  of  admiration  for  all 
succeeding  generations." — Lord  Joun  Hitssell. 

"That  great  master  of  eloquence.  Edmund  Burke!  ...  in  ap- 
titude of  comprehension  and  richness  of  imagination,  superior  to 
every  orator,  ancient  or  modern." — T.  B.  Macaclat. 

293 


BUR 


BUR 


*'  The  Taritjty  and  extent  of  his  powers  in  debate  were  t'reater 
than  that  of  any  orator  in  ancient  or  modern  times.  No  one  ever 
poured  forth  such  a  flood  of  thought — so  many  orijjinal  combina- 
tions of  inventive  genius;  so  much  knowledt;e  of  man,  and  the 
workings  of  political  systems;  so  many  just  remarks  on  the  rela- 
tion of  t;overnment  to  the  manners,  the  spirit,  and  even  the  pre- 
judices, of  a  people;  so  many  wise  maxims  as  to  a  change  in  con- 
stitution and  laws;  so  many  beautiful  effusions  of  lofty  and  {gene- 
rous sentiment ;  such  exuberant  stores  of  illustration,  ornament, 
and  apt  allusion  :  all  intermin-rled  with  the  liveliest  sallies  of  wit, 
or  the  boldest  flights  of  a  suMime  imagination.  ...  In  the  struc- 
ture of  his  mind  he  had  a  strong  resemblance  to  Bacon,  nor  was 
he  greatly  his  inferior  in  the  leading  attributes  of  his  intellect. 
In  imagination  he  went  far  beyond  him.  ITe  united  more  per- 
fectly than  any  other  man  the  discordant  qualities  of  the  philoso- 
pher and  the  poet." — C.  A.  Goodrich,  D.D.,  Professor  of  lihettric 
in  I'ale  College. 

We  add  an  eloquent  exposition  of  the  characteristics  of 
Burke's  genius  from  one  of  the  most  celebrated  orators  of 
our  o-wn  day : 

'*  No  one  can  doubt  that  enlight*?ned  men  in  all  ages  will  hang 
orer  the  Works  of  Mr.  liuRKE.  He  was  a  writer  of  the  tirst  class, 
and  excelled  in  almost  every  kind  of  prose  composition.  The  ex- 
traordinary depth  of  his  det.iched  views,  the  penetrating  sagacity 
which  he  occasionally  applies  to  the  affairs  of  men  and  their  mo- 
tires,  and  the  curious  fclioity  of  expression  with  which  he  unfolds 
principles,  and  traces  resemblances  and  relations,  are  separately 
the  gift  of  few,  and.  in  their  union,  probably  without  any  exam- 
ple. When  he  is  handling  any  one  matter,  we  perceive  that  we  are 
conversing  with  a  reasoner  and  a  teacher  to  whom  almost  every 
other  branch  of  knowledge  is  familiar.  His  views  range  over  all 
the  cognate  subjects;  his  reasonings  are  derived  from  principles 
applicable  to  other  matters  as  well  as  the  one  in  hand ;  arguments 
pour  in  from  all  sides,  as  well  as  those  which  start  up  under  our 
feet,  the  natural  growth  of  the  path  he  is  leading  us  over:  while, 
to  throw  light  round  our  steps,  and  either  explore  its  tiarker  places 
or  serve  for  our  recreation,  illustrations  are  fetched  frnm  a  thou- 
sand quarters;  and  an  imagination  marvellou.'^Iy  rjuick  to  descry 
unthought'Of  resemblances,  pours  forth  the  stores  which  a  lore 
yet  more  marvellous  has  gathered  from  all  ages  and  nations  and 
arts  and  tongues.  We  are,  in  respect  of  the  argument,  reminded 
of  Bacon's  multifarious  knowledge,  and  the  exuberance  of  his 
learned  fancy ;  while  the  m,any- lettered  diction  recalls  to  mind  the 
first  of  English  poets  and  his  immortal  verse,  rich  with  the  spoils 
of  all  sciences  and  all  times. 

"  All  his  Works,  indeed,  even  his  controversial,  are  so  informed 
with  general  reflection,  so  variegated  with  speculative  discussion, 
that  they  wear  the  air  of  the  Lyceum  as  well  as  the  Academy. 
His  narrative  is  excellent;  and  it  is  impossible  more  harmoniously 
to  expose  the  details  of  a  complicated  subject,  to  give  (hem  more 
animation  and  interest,  if  dry  in  themselves,  or  to  make  them 
l)ear  by  the  mere  power  of  statement  more  powerfully  upon  the 
argument.  In  description  he  can  hardly  be  surpassed,  at  least 
for  effect;  he  has  all  the  qualities  that  conduce  to  it — ardour  of 
purpose,  sometimes  rising  into  violence — vivid,  but  too  luxuriant 
fancy — bold,  frequently  extravagant,  conception — the  faculty  of 
shedding  upon  mere  inanimate  scenery  the  light  imparted  by  mo- 
ral associations. 

"  He  now  moves  on  with  the  composed  air,  the  even,  dignified 
pace  of  the  historian;  and  unfolds  his  facts  in  a  narrative  so  easy, 
and  yet  so  correct,  that  you  plainly  perceive  he  wanted  only  the 
dismissal  of  other  pursuits  to  have  rivalled  Livy  or  Hume.  But 
soon  this  advance  is  interrupted,  and  he  stops  to  display  his  powers 
of  description,  when  the  boldness  of  his  design  is  only  mat^-hed  by 
the  brilliancy  of  his  colouring.  He  then  skirmishes  for  a  sp.ace. 
and  puts  in  motion  all  the  litrht^r  arms  of  wit ;  sometimes  not  un- 
mingled  with  drollery,  sometimes  bordering  upon  farce.  His  main 
battery  is  now  opened,  and  a  tempest  bursts  forth  of  every  wea- 
pi:>n  of  attack — invei'tive.  abuse,  irony,  sarcasm,  simile  drawn  out 
to  allegory,  allusion,  quntation.  fable,  parable,  anathema. 

*'  He  wasadniirabK'  in  e^J^<:>fiition;  in  truth,  he  delighted  to  give 
Instruction  both  when  siieaking  and  conversing,  and  in  this  he 
was  unrivalled.  Quis  in  se>i(r)i(iis  arguUur?  in  doceiido  fdisscnm- 
•  f'-:[w  suf'lilii'rf  Mr.  Fox  might  well  avow,  without  a  compliment, 
that  he  had  learnt  more  from  him  than  from  all  other  men  and  au- 
thors."— Lord  Brougfiam. 

It  is  truly  gratifying  to  know  that  there  are  no  incon- 
gruous colours  in  the  background  to  detract  from  the  bril- 
liancy and  beauty  of  the  portrait  we  have  thus  presented 
of  Edmund  Burke  :  **  the  King's  daughter  was  all  glorious 
within,"  and  so  with  the  illustrious  subject  of  our  theme ; — 
we  are  not  called  upon  to  deplore  the  union  of  splendid 
talents  and  degrading  vices,  of  public  philanthropy  and 
private  venality :  the  .spotless  ermine  covers  no  hidden  cor- 
nipHon.     Of  this  we  have  abundant  evidence: 

"The  unspotted  innocence,  the  firm  int+^giity  of  Burke,"  says 
Dr.  Parr,  '•  want  no  embl:t/,u^in^^  and  if  he  is  accustomed  to  exact 
a  rigorous  account  of  the  nionii  conduct  of  others,  it  is  justified 
in  one  who  shuns  not  the  must  inquisitorial  scrutiny  into  his  own." 

The  Rev.  I/Ir.  Crabbe,  whom  Burke  raised  from  a  posi- 
tion of  want  and  distress  to  competency  and  comfort, 
speaks  in  glowing  terms 

"  Of  his  private  worth,  of  his  wishes  to  do  good,  of  his  affability 
and  condescension  ;  his  readiness  to  lend  assistance  where  he  knew 
it  was  wanted;  his  delight  to  give  praise  where  he  thought  it  was 
deserved:  his  affectionate  manners,  his  amiable  disposition,  and 
Zeal  for  their  happiness  which  he  manifested  in  the  hours  of  retire- 
ment with  the  members  of  his  family." 

"  A  much  higher  feature  of  his  character  than  wit.  was  a  fervent 

and  unfeigned  spirit  of  piety,  cheerful  but  humble,  unallied  to 

any  thing  like  fanaticism,  and  expressive  of  a  deep  dependence  on 

the  dispensations  of  Providence,  traces  of  which  are  to  be  found 

294 


in  the  letters  of  his  boyhood.  .  .  .  His  moral  character  stood 
wholly  unimpeached  by  any  thing  that  approached  to  the  name 
of  vice." — I'RiOH. 

Of'rhe  affecting  incidents  of  "the  inevitable  hour*' 
which  comes  alike  to  all,  the  great  and  the  obscure,  the 
learned  and  the  untaught,  the  man  who  feareth  God  and 
the  man  who  feareth  him  not, — we  have  a  graphic  sketch 
by  the  friend  of  his  bosom — Dr.  French  Laurence.  The 
poet  truly  tells  us, 

''  The  chamber  where  the  good  man  meets  his  fate 
Is  privileged  beyond  the  common  walks  of  life," 
and  we  are  assured  upon  higher  authority,  "  that  it  is 
better  to  go  to  the  house  of  mourning  ^thau  to  the  house 
of  feasting ;  for  that  is  the  end  of  all  men,  and  the  living 
will  lay  it  to  heart."  Let  us  then  in  spirit  contemplate  to 
our  profit  the  last  earthly  scene  of  the  philosopher,  the 
patriot,  and  the  Christian  : 

"  His  end  was  suited  to  the  simple  greatness  of  mind  which  he 
displayed  through  life,  every  way  unaffected,  without  levity,  with- 
out ostentation,  full  of  natural  grace  and  dignity  ;  he  appeared 
neither  to  wish  nor  to  dread,  but  patiently  and  placidly  to  await, 
the  hour  of  his  dissolution.  He  had  been  listening  to  some  essays 
of  Addison's,  in  which  he  ever  took  delight ;  he  had  recommended 
himself,  in  many  affectionate  messages,  to  the  remembrance  of 
those  absent  friends  whom  he  had  never  ceased  to  love;  he  had 
conversed  some  time  with  his  accustomed  force  of  thought  and 
expression  on  the  awful  situation  of  his  country,  for  the  welfare 
of  which  his  heart  was  interested  to  the  very  last  beat;  he  h-id 
given  with  steady  composure  some  private  directions,  in  contem- 
plation of  his  approaching  death;  when,  as  his  attendants  were 
conveying  him  to  his  bed.  he  sunk  down,  and,  after  a  short  struggle, 
passed  quietly  and  without  a  groan  to  eternal  rest,  in  that  mercy 
which  he  had  just  declared  he  had  long  sought  with  unfeigned 
humiliation,  and  to  which  he  looked  with  a  trembling  hope!" 

In  conformity  with  the  directions  of  his  will,  he  was 
buried  in  the  church  at  Beaconsfield,  in  the  same  grave 
with  his  son  and  brother. 

Viewed  in  the  light  of  the  present  age,  how  great  is  our 
admiration  of  that  foresight  which  foretold,  and  that  wis- 
dom which  would  have  averted,  the  storms  which  menaced 
the  peace  and  well-being  of  his  country  !  Impartial  in  his 
judgment,  unswayed  by  every  wind  of  political  doctrine, 
because  based  upon  the  ruck  of  truth,  he  as  zealously  de- 
nounced that  arbitrary  power  which  oppressed  the  Ameri- 
can Colonies,  as  he  rebuked  that  hurricane  of  fierce  de- 
mocracy which  swept  the  throne  and  the  altar  from  France, 
and  involved  the  Court  and  the  Commonalty  in  a  general 
ruin.  Had  his  counsel  been  followed,  Warren  Hastings 
would  have  expiated  his  crimes  on  the  scaffold,  and  the 
world  would  have  lacked  a  ^Napoleon  to  illustrate  the  de- 
pravity of  his  race.  Burke's  jmblic  labours  present  a  con- 
tinuous struggle  against  the  stupidity,  the  obstinacy,  and 
the  venality,  of  the  politicians  of  his  day.  His  life,  there- 
fore, cannot  be  said  to  have  been  a  happy  one,  for  happi- 
ness dwells  not  amidst  ceaseless  vexations ;  and  no  man 
can  "  possess  his  soul  in  peace"  whose  philanthropy  stimu- 
lates him  to  the  duty  of  enlightening  the  ignorant,  reform- 
ing the  vicious,  and  subduing  the  refractory.  He  does 
well;  he  acts  nobly;  he  fulfils  the  end  of  his  being;  and 
if  he  have  the  spiritual  prerequisites,  many  will  be  his 
consolations  here,  and  great  shall  be  his  reward  here- 
after. But  let  him  not  expect  much  either  of  gratitude 
or  applause  in  this  life  :  malice  will  censure,  envy  defame, 
rivalry  decry,  the  noblest  motives  and  the  wisest  acts. 
Yet  posterity  will  do  him  justice;  and  generations  yet  un- 
born shall  reverence  his  name,  emulate  his  virtues,  and 
follow  in  his  steps.  His  "good  name  shall  be  an  inherit- 
ance to  his  children's  children,"  and  the  ''remembrance 
of  the  just  shall  be  blessed !" 

Behold  an  instance  of  this  noble  advocacy  of  right,  and 
its  appreciation  by  an  admiring  posterity,  in  the  philan- 
thropic labours  of  Edmund  Burke,  and  the  deep  reverence 
with  which  his  character  is  regarded  in  the  present  day  I 

In  the  three  principal  questions  which  excited  his  inte- 
rest, and  called  fi-rth  the  most  splendid  displays  of  his  elo- 
quence— the  contest  with  the  American  Colonies,  the  im- 
peachment of  Warren  Hastings,  ami  the  French  Revolu- 
tion— we  see  displayed  a  philanthropy  the  most  pure,  illus- 
trated by  a  genius  the  most  resplendent.  In  each  of  these 
cases  he  was  the  friend  of  the  oppressed,  the  rebuker  of 
the  insolence  of  power,  the  excesses  of  petty  tyranny,  or 
the  fierce  ragings  of  a  successful  and  unprincipled  demo- 
cracy. He  was  ever  the  bold  and  uncompromising  cham- 
pion of  justice,  mercy,  and  truth.  When  his  own  sovereign 
stretched  forth  the  hand  of  despotic  power  to  afflict  a  suf- 
fering nation,  he  forgot  that  "the  king  could  do  no 
wrong,"  and  pointed  his  finger  to  a  violated  constitution 
and  brokeu  laws  !  When  a  remorseless  Verrcs  ground  to 
the  earth,  by  his  exactions  and  cruelty,  a  simple  and  con- 
fiding pe(>ple  whoso  rights  and  happiness  he  should  have 
maintained  and  cherished,  their  cries    entered    into   the 


BUR 

heart  even  of  the  oppressor's  nation,  and  a  greater  than 
Cicero  cited  the  offender  to  that  nation's  bar !  When  the 
pestilential  fever  of  an  insane  democracy  broke  out  in 
France,  and  threatened  to  devour  the  nations,  the  High 
Priest  of  enlightened  Liberty"  stood  between  the  living 
and  the  dead,  and  the  plague  was  stayed !" 

So  long  as  virtue  shall  be  beloved,  wisdom  revered,  or 
genius  admired,  so  long  will  the  memory  of  this  illustri- 
ous exemplar  of  all  be  fresh  in  the  world's  history  :  for 
human  nature  has  too  much  interest  in  the  preservation 
of  such  a  character,  ever  to  permit  the  name  of  EuuUMD 
BuRKK  to  perish  from  the  earth. 

Burke,  James  Henry.  Days  in  the  East;  a  Poem, 
Lon..  I,S12,  8vo. 

•■The  stiUiKis  of  Jlr.  Burke  bt-sprak  at  once  high  feeling,  a  vi- 
gorous, cultivatfd  iutelliyence,  and  a  delicate  poetic  taste." — Lon. 
M,rint7-i  l{,nilil. 

Biii-ke,  John,  M.D.  The  Morbus  Niger,  Lon.,1 77C,8vo. 
Burke.  John,  and  Sir  Bernard  Burke,  (for- 
merly John  Bernard  Burke,)  father  and  son,  to 
whom  we  arc  indebted  for  a  number  of  valuable  works  on 
Heraldry  and  Genealogy.  They  have  written  separately 
and  conjointly.  Dictionary  of  the  Peerage  and  Baronetage 
of  the  ijritish  Empire,  by  John  Burke,  r.  8vo ;  15th  ed., 
1S53;  20th  ed.,  by  Sir  Bernard  Burke,  Ulster  King-of- 
Arms,  ISoS.  ,, 

"  The  first  authority  in  all  questions  affecting  the  aristocracy. 
— Lon.  GUbe. 

The  Extinct,  Dormant,  and  Suspended  Peerage,  by  J. 
B.,  1840,  8vo.  Portrait  Gallery  of  the  Female  Nobility, 
by  J.  B.,  2  vols.  r.  8vo.  Knightage  of  Great  Britain,  by 
John  Bernard  Burke,  new  ed..  1841,  ISmo.  Anecdotes  of 
the  Aristocracy,  by  J.  B.  B.,  2  vols.  p.  8vo,  new  ed.,  1851. 
"  Mr.  Burke  has  tiiven  us  tlie  most  curious  incidents,  the  most 
stirring  tales,  aud  the  most  remarkable  circumstances  connected 
with  the  histories,  public  and  private,  of  ou  r  uuhle  houses  and  aristo- 
cratic families.  These  stories,  with  all  the  reality  of  estal'lished 
iiict,  read  with  as  much  spirit  as  the  Tales  of  Boccaccio,  and  are  as 
full  of  strange  matter  for  reflection  and  amazement.'" — Biitannia. 
Armory  of  Great  Britain  and  Ireland,  by  J.  &  J.  B.  B., 
r.  8vo,  new  ed.,  1847. 

"  The  »'ork  professes  to  concentrate  in  one  volume  the  materials 
to  be  found  In  Gullllm,  Edmondson.  and  Nlsbett,  and  to  carry 
down  its  information  to  the  present  year:  in  that  the  authors 
have  fully  succeeded;  but  thev  h.aTe  done  more  :  In  addition  to  a 
Dictionary  of  Heraldry,  the  work  may  be  designated  a  Dictionary 
of  Famllv  History ;  for  there  Is  hardly  any  house  of  note,  whose 
origin  and  descent  are  not  deduced,  so  far  at  least  as  to  justify  the 
adoption  of  the  ensigns  and  quarterlugs  which  the  family  hears."' 
— Lon.  Aaval  and  Miliiary  0<'!dte. 

It  contains  over  30.000  armorial  bearings,  and  more 
than  the  matter  of  four  4to  vols. 

Heraldic  Illustrations,  by  J.  &  J.  B.  B.,  3  vols.  r.  8vo, 
new  ed.,  1846. 

'•  These  are  splendid  volumes,  comprising  the  armorial  bearings 
of  we  know  not  how  many  auL-lent  families,  beautifully  embla- 
zoned, and  accompanied  by  brief  pedigrees.  The  work  is  as  curi- 
ous as  It  Is  magnlflcent." — Lon.  Lilerary  GozitU. 

Royal  Families  of  Great  Britain,  by  J.  k  J.  B.  B.,  2  vols, 
r.  8vo,  ISol.  Genealogical  and  Heraldic  Dictionary  of  the 
Landed  Gentry  of  Great  Britain  and  Ireland,  for  1853, 
containing  particulars  of  upwards  of  100,000  individuals, 
by  J.  &  J.  B.  B.,  3  vols.  r.  8vo ;  new  ed.,  by  Sir  B.  B., 
Pts.  1-3,  1855-57.  Sir  Bernard  Burke  has  also  pub. 
Anecdotes  of  the  Aristocracy,  1849-50,  4  vols.  p.  8vo ; 
3d  ed.,  1855,  3  vols.  p.  8vo;  Visitation  of  the  Scats  and 
Arms  of  Noblemen,  1852-55,  2  vols.  r.  8vo ;  Family  Ro- 
mance, 2d  ed.,  1854,  2  vols.  p.  8vo ;  Royal  Descents  and 
Pedigrees  of  Founders'  Kin,  Pt,  1,  1855,  r.  8vo ;  and 
other  works. 

Burke,  John  French.  The  Dispensing  Chemist 
and  Medical  Pupil's  Assistant,  ISmo.  Farming  lor  Ladies. 
The  Muck  Manuah  Treatise  ou  British  Husbandry,  2  vols. 
8vo;  with  a  Copious  Supplement  by  Mr.  Cuthbert  W.  John- 
son. The  Supplement  is  pub.  separately,  under  the  title 
of  Modern  Agricultural  Improvements,  8vo. 

Burke,  Mrs.  L.  To  tins  lady  we  are  indebted  for  a 
trans,  of  Madame  Guizot's  Moral  'Tales,  Lon.,  1852,  12mo. 
Burke,  Peter.  1.  Criminal  Law  and  its  Sentences, 
Lon.,  1842,  4to;  2d  ed.,  1847,  12ino.  2.  Law  of  Internat. 
Copyright,  1842,  12mo.  3.  Treat,  on  the  Law  of  Copy- 
right. Lit.,  Ac,  1S42,  12mo.  4.  New  Act  on  Small  Debts, 
1844,  12ino.  5.  New  County  Court  Acts;  2d  ed.,  1847, 
12mo.  6.  Celebrated  Trials  connected  with  the  Aristo- 
cracy, 1848-51,  2  vols.  8vo.  7.  Law  of  Internat.  Copy- 
right between  England  and  France,  1852,  12mo.  8.  Supp. 
to  Godson  on  Patents,  A-c,  1851,  8vo :  see  GonsoN, 
Richard,  M.P.  9.  Patent-Law  Amendment  Act,  1852, 
Svo;  2d  ed.,  1857,  8vo.  10.  Romance  of  the  Forum.  1853, 
2  vols.  p.  Svo;  2d  Ser..  1854,  2  vols.  p.  8vo.  11.  Public 
and  Domestic  Life  of  Edmund  Burke,  1853,  cr.  Svo. 


BUll 

Burke,  Richard.     Charge  to  Grand  Jury,  1798. 
Burke,  'I'hos.  A.,  b.  1828,  in  Georgia.     Polly  Pea- 
blossom's  Wedding,  12mo,  Phila.     Political  Fortune  Tel- 
ler, N.  Y.  Ac. 

Burke,  Thomas  T.     Temora ;  being  specimens  of 
an  intended  versification  of  the  Poems  of  Ossian,  1818. 
Burke,W.     The  Armed  Briton:  a  Play,  ISOfi.  Svo. 
Burke,  William.     Campaign  of  1805  in  tjcnnauy, 
Italy,    Ac.,   1806,   Svo.     South    American    Inde]ieiidenee, 
1807,  Svo.     Emancipation  of  Spanish  America.  1807.  Svo. 
Burke,  William.     A  Greek  and  English  Derivative 
Dictionary,  Lon.,  1806,  12mo. 

Burke,  William,  M.D.  Remarks  on  the  Mineral 
Springs  uf  Virginia;  2d  ed.,  Richmond,  1853.  12mo. 

Burke,  Wni.,  Surgeon.  Popular  Compend.  of  Anat., 
Lon.,  1804,  12mo.  Intended  to  display  the  wisdom  of  the 
Deity  as  evinced  in  the  construction  of  the  human  body. 

Burkhead,  Henry,  a  merchant  of  Bristol,  England, 
temp.  Charles  I.  Cola's  Fury,  or  Lcrinda's  Misery  ;  a  Tra- 
gedy, Kilken.,  1646,  4to.  The  subject  is  the  Irish  re- 
bellion of  October,  1641. 

"  In  it  he  has  characterized  all  the  principal  persons  concerned 
in  the  alTairs  of  that  time,  under  feigned  names."— Bioff.  Dramat. 
Lerinda  is  an  anagram  from  Ireland. 
Burkitt,  William,  1650-1703,  a  native  of  Ilitchara, 
Northamptonshire ;  admitted  of  Pembroke  College,  Cam- 
bridge, at  14  ;  Vicar  of  Dedhaiu,  Essex,  1692.     Expository 
Notes,  with  Practical  Observations,  on  the  New  Testament, 
1739,  fob;  several  editions;  new  edit.,  Lon.,  1833,  2  vols. 
Svo.     An   abridgt.  by   Rev.   Dr.   Glasse,    "the   language 
modernized  and  improved,"   Lon.,  1806,  2  vols.  4to.     An 
abridgt.  for  the  use  of  the  poor,  r.  Svo. 
"  He  has  many  schemes  of  old  .sermons;  his  sentiments  vary  in 
,,'j     different  parts  of  his  work,  as  the  authors  from  whence  he  took 
^  his  materials  were  orthodox,  or  not."" — Da.  Doddripoe. 

"  Both  pious  aud  practical,  but  not  distinguished  either  by 
depth  of  learningor  judgment,"'— Dr.  Adam  Cl.ikee, 

"This  deservedly  popular  work  does  not  profess  to  discuss  cri- 
tical questions,  but  is  very  useful  for  the  inferences  it  deduces  from 
the  sacred  text."— T.  H.  HoENE.  ,.    ,        , 

"Many  good  suggestions  on  texts,  generally  evangelical  ana 
very  useful."— Bickerstetb.  ,  „    „ 

"  This  is  not  a  critical  or  in  any  respect  a  profound  work.^  — ORME. 
Burkitt  also  wrote  a  Sermon,  Discourse,  Ac,  16S0-1705. 
Burlace,  Edmund.     See  Boelace. 
Burleigh,  J.  B.,  for  many  years  a  teacher  in  Balti- 
more.   The  American  Manual,  Phila.,  1848,  12mo;  several 
edits.     The  Legislative  Guide,  Svo.     The  Thinker.    Other 
school-books. 

Burleigh,  Lord.     See  Cecil. 
Burleigh,  Richard.     Assize  Sermon,  1777,  4to. 
Burleigh,  William  H.,  b.  1812,  a  native  of  Wood- 
stock, Conn.,  is  a  descendant  on  the  mother's  side  of  Gov. 
Bradford,  and  a  grandson  of  a  soldier  of  the  American  Rev. 
War.      He  has  edited  several  journals,  and  written  some 
exquisite  poetry.     "  She  hath  gone  in  the  Spring  'lime  of 
Life,"  and  "June,"  are  among  the  best  eifusions  of  the 
American  Muse.     For  many  years  he  contributed  to  the  N. 
Yorker.    In  1840  a  volume  of  his  poems  was  pub.  in  Phila. 
Buries, William.  English  Grammar.  Lon„1652,12mo. 
Burley,  or  Burleigh,  Walter,  b.  at  Oxh.rd,  1275, 
the  leader  of  the  Nominalists,  and  principal  opponent  of 
the  Seotists,  bore   the  titles  of  Doctor  Planus   and   Per- 
spicuus.     He   wrote   some  commentaries    upon   Aristotle, 
1476,  ful, ;  Venet,,  1482,  fol,     Lilier  de  Vita  ac  Morihua 
Philosophorum    Poetarumquo    Vcterum,    Ac.,    circa    ann. 
1470,  4to;  an  extremely  scarce  edition.     For  particulars 
of  the  editions  of  his  writings,  .see  "Watt's  Bil)l.  Brit.,  and 
Brunei's  Manuel  du  Libraire  et  de  I'Amateur  des  Livres. 

Buriz,  Thomas.  A  Combu-table  Treatise,  sent  to 
all  those  who  haue  a  longing  desire  for  their  saluation, 
and  yet  knowe  not  how  to  attain  thereto  by  reason  of  the 
mischievous  subtilitie  of  Sathan  the  arch  enemy  of  man- 
kinde,  Lon.,  Svo,  si'»e  tinuo. 

Burman,  Charles.  Autobiographies  of  Elias  Ash- 
mole  and  William  Lilly,  Lon.,  1717,  "74,  Svo. 

Burn,  Lt.  Colonel,  of  the  R.  A.  Dictionary  of 
Naval  and  Military  Technical  Words  and  Phr.ases,  Eng- 
lish  and  French,  French  and  English,  Lon.,  c.  Svo. 

■■  I  cannot  conclude  without  acknowledging  the  great  assistance 
I  have  derived  In  this  work  from  the  Naval  and  Military  Techni- 
cal Dictionary  by  Capt.  Burn,  K,  A. ;  a  book  of  reference  to  which 
I  have  never  applied  In  vain,"' — Ekmenls  of  Kaval  Architecture^ 
by  J.  E.  Strange,  thm.  B.  N. 

Burn,  .\ndre\v,  M.ajor-General  in  the  Royal  Ma- 
rines, d,  1814,  a  native  of  Scotland.  The  Christian  Officer's 
Complete  Armour,  2d  ed,.  Lon,,  1806,  12mo:  recommended 
by  Sir  R,  Hill,  Who  fares  best,  the  Christian  or  the  Man 
of  the  World?  1789,  Svo.     Two  Witnesses,  1812,  Svo. 


BUR 


BUR 


Burn,  Edward,  Letters  and  Reply  to  Dr.  Priestly, 
1790,  '92,  8vo.  Pastoral  Hints,  1801,  8vo.  A  Sermon, 
1806,  8vo. 
Burn,  John.  English  Grammar,  Glasg.,  1766, 12mo. 
Burn,  John,  son  of  Richard  Burn,  (vide  post.)  A 
New  Law  Dictionary,  by  Richard  Burn,  LL.D..  continued 
to  the  present  time,  Lon.,  1792,  2  vols.  8vo.  The  Justice 
of  the  Peace  and  Parish  Officer,  by  R.  B.,  ISth  edit.,  1797- 
ISOO.  4  vols.  8vo.     Appendix  to  17th  edit.,  1795,  8vo. 

Burn,  John  Ilderton.  Treatises  on  Insurances, 
1801,  12mo.     Stock  Jobbing,  &c.,  1803/04,  '05,  8vo. 

Burn,  John  Southerden.  Livres  des  Auglois  a 
Geneve,  Lon.,  1831,  8vo.  History  of  the  Pleet  Marriages; 
2d  edit.,  Lon.,  1834,  8vo. 

Burn,  Richard,  LL.D.,  1720-1785,  Chancellor  of 
the  Diocese  of  Carlisle,  a  native  of  Wiuton,  Westmoreland, 
educated  at  Queen's  College,  Osfortl,  was  rectnr  of  Orton 
for  49  years.  Justice  of  the  Peace  and  Parii-h  Officer, 
Lon.,  1755,  2  vols.  8vo. 

The  29th  edit.,  by  M.  B.  Bere  and  T.  Chitty,  was  prib. 
Lon..  1845,  6  vols.  8vo ;  Pupplet.  to  1852.  l)y  E.  "Wise, 
1852,  8vo.  Ecclesiastical  Law,  Lon.,  1760,  2  vols.  4to : 
9th  edit.,  enlarged  by  R.  Phillimore,  Lon.,  1842,4  vol.  8vo. 
"  Blackstone  in  his  Commentaries  mentions  it  as  one  of  the  very 
few  publications  on  the  subject  of  Ecclesiastical  Law  on  which  the 
reader  can  rely  with  certainty." 

New  Militia  Law,  1762,  12mo.  History  of  Poor  Laws, 
with  Observations,  1764,  8vo. 

"  One  of  the  best  publications  that  has  appeared  on  the  poor 
laws."— J.  R.  McCuLi.ocH. 

History  and  Antiquities  of  Westmoreland  and  Cumber- 
land, in  conjunction  with  Joseph  Nicolson,  Lon.,  1771-77, 
2  vol.  4to.  Discourses,  selected  and  original,  1774, 4  vol. 8vo. 
'■  A  book  to  which  younp;  divines  may.  with  preat  adviintape. 
apply  for  models  of  a  strong,  manly,  dignified  pulpit  eloquence." 
• — Bldckatrme^s  Chmmoitait'i-s. 

9th  edit.,  1783,  4  vols.  Svo.  New  Law  Dictionary.  See 
Burn,  .John. 

Burn,  sometimes  Burne,  q.  v. 

Burnaby,  Andrew,   D.D.,  1732-1812.  a  native  of 
Ashfordy,    Leicestershire,   was    educated   at  Westminster 
School,  and  Queen's   College,    Cambriilge;    B.  A.,   1754; 
M.  A.,  1757:  Vicar  of  Greenwich,  1769:  Archdeacon   of 
Leicester.  I7S6.     Travels  through  the  Middle  Settlements 
of  N.  America.  1759, '60,  Lon.,  1775,  4to.     Sermons    and 
Charge >^ :  varioiis  date?,  repub.  in  1  vol.  8vo,  1805. 
"Highly  praised  and  valued  both  for  matter  and  manner." 
A  Journal  of  a  Tour  to  Corsica  in  1766,  &c.,  1804. 
Burnaby,  E.  A.     The  Question,  Has  the  House  of 
Commons  a  right  of  Committal  to  Prison  or  not?    Con- 
sidered, 1810,  8vo. 

Bnrnap,  George  W.,  D.B.,  h.  1802.  Merrimack, 
N.H. ;  grad.  Harvard  Coll.,  1824:  in  1827.  succeeded  Dr, 
Sparks  in  the  First  Unitarian  Church,  Baltimore.  1.  Lec- 
tures on  the  Doctrines  of  Controversy  between  Unitarians 
and  other  Denominations  of  Christians.  1835.  2.  On  the 
Sphere  and  Duties  of  Women.  Bait.  1849,  12mo.  3.  Lec- 
tures to  Young  Men  on  the  Cultiration  of  the  Mind,  the 
Formation  of  Character,  and  the  Conduct  of  Life,  Bait., 
12mo,  and  Lon.,  r.  8vo. 

"  We  do  not  know  of  any  work  on  the  same  subject  of  equal  ex- 
cellence."— Lon.  Ai<jii-entice. 

4.  Expository  Lectures  on  the  Principal  Texts  of  the 
Bible  which  relate  to  the  Doctrine  of  the  Trinity,  1845. 
5.  Popular  Objections  to  Unitarian  Christianity  Con- 
sidered and  Answered,  1S48.  6.  On  the  Rectitude  of 
Human  Nature.  1850.  7.  Christianity:  its  Essence  and 
Evidence.  1855.     Other  works. 

Burnap,  Jacob,  1748-1821,  father  of  the  preceding, 
first  minister  of  Merrimack,  N.H.,  was  a  native  of  Reading, 
Mass.  He  pub.  an  Oration  on  Independence.  1808.  and  sepa- 
rate serms.,  1799, 1801,  '06,  '08,  '09,  '11,  '15,  '18,  '19,  '20. 

Burnby,  John.     Poor  Rates,  1780,  Svo.     Canterbury 
Cathednil,  &c.,  1784,  8vo.     Freedom  of  Election,  1785,  Svo. 
Burne,  James.  The  Man  of  Nature, 1773, 2  vols.l2mo. 
Buruc,  Nicholas.     The  Disputation  concerning  the 
Controversit  Headdis  of   Religion,  Ac.  Paris.   1581,  Svo. 
This  is  an  account  of  the  disputjUion  between  Burnc.  for- 
merly aCalvinist,and  some  ministers  of  the  Kirk  of  Scotland. 
Burnel,Henry.  Landgartha;  a  Tragi-Comedy,  Dubl., 
1641.  4to. 

Burncs,  Sir  Alexander,  Lt.  Col.,  1805-1841,  an 
eminent  military  ofhcer  and  Oriental  scholar,  a  native  of 
Montrose,  made  many  important  investigations  relative  to 
the  geography  of  the  Indus,  &c.  Journey  to  and  Resi- 
dence in  Cabool,  Lon.,  Svo.  Travels  in  Bokhara.  1831- 
33,  3  vols.  12mo  and  Svo.  It  is  said  that  between  800 
and  900  copies  of  this  gentleman's  work  sold  in  a  single 


day.  It  was  immediately  trans,  into  German  and  French 
Sir  Alexander  was  assassinated  at  the  insurrection  at  Ca- 
bobi,  November.  1S41. 

Burnes,  James.  History  of  the  Knights  Templars, 
E(.lin..  4to.  Viyit  to  the  Court  of  Sinde,  and  History  of 
Cutch,  Lon.,  12mo. 

Burnet.  A  Vindication  of  Woodward's  State  of  Physic, 
Lon.,  1719,  Svo. 

Burnet*  vSermon  on  Matt,  xii,  32. 
Burnet,  Alexander,  1614-1GS4,  a  native  of  Peebles; 
Bishop  uf  Aberdeen,  1663;  Archbishop  of  Glasgow,  1664. 
The  Bles.^ei-lness  of  the  Dead  that  die  in  the  Lord;  being 
a  Funeral  Sermon  on  the  death  of  the  Marquis  of  Mon- 
trose, from  Rev.  xiv.  13,  Glasg.,  1673,  4to. 

Burnet,  Elizabeth,  1661-1709,  third  wife  of  Bishop 
Burnet,  was  a  daughter  of  Sir  Richard  Blake,  Knt.  At 
18  she  married  Robert  Berkeley,  Esq.,  who  died  in  1093. 
In  1700  she  was  united  to  Bishop  Burnet,  who  had  lost  his 
second  wife  two  years  previously.  A  Method  for  Devo- 
tion, or  Rules  for'Ht-ly  and  Devimt  Living  :  2d  edit..  Lon., 
1709,  8vo;  3d  edit.,  1*715,  Svo.  See  Lowndes's  Bibl.  Man. 
Burnet,  Gilbert,  1643-1715,  a  native  of  Edinburgh, 
was  sent  at  the  age  of  ten  to  the  University  uf  Aberdeen, 
where  he  took  the  degree  of  M.A.  before  he  was  14.  At 
18  he  was  received  as  a  probationer,  and  in  1665  was  or- 
dained priest  in  the  Episcopal  Church,  and  piresented  to 
the  living  of  Saltoun.  Two  years  previously  he  had  visited 
Holland,  and  applied  himself  to  the  study  of  Hebrew 
under  a  learned  Jew.  In  1669  he  beciime  Professor  of 
Divinity  in  the  University  of  Glasgow ;  Chaplain  to  the 
King,  preacher  at  the  Rolls,  and  lecturer  of  St.  Clement's, 
London.  1674,  '05.  In  1683  he  attended  Lord  Russell  to 
the  ."^caflfuld,  and  being  suspected  of  disaffection,  thought 
it  prudent  to  retire  to  Paris.  It  is  to  be  recorded  to  his 
honour,  that  although  offered  the  Bishopric  of  Chichester, 
by  Charles  II.,  if  he  would  embrace  his  cause,  he  refused 
the  overture,  and  wrote  him  a  faithful  letter,  exhorting 
him  to  reform  his  licentious  life  and  impolitic  measures. 

"I  told  the  king,  I  hoped  the  reflection  on  what  had  befallen 
his  father  on  the  30th  of  January,  might  move  him  to  consider 
these  things  more  carefully." 

He  returned  to  England  in  1685,  but  again  fled  to  Paris 
on  the  accession  of  James  II.  in  the  same  year.  He  tra- 
velled for  some  time  on  the  Continent,  after  which,  at  the 
invitation  of  the  Prince  and  Princess  of  Orange — daugh- 
ter and  son-in-law  to  James  II. — he  took  up  his  residence 
at  the  Hague,  and  bore  so  prominent  a  share  in  the  politi- 
cal counsels  of  the  court,  that  James  II. 

"Ordered  a  prosecution  of  High  Treason  to  be  commenced 
against  him.  and  demanded  his  person  from  the  States-general, 
but  without  effect,  as  he  had  previously  acquired  the  rights  of 
naturalization,  by  forming  a  union — his  first  wife  being  dead — 
with  a  Dutch  lady  of  large  fortune  named  Scott." 

The  influence  of  Burnet  in  bringing  about  the  Revolu- 
tion of  1688.  and  the  accession  of  William  and  Mary,  was 
perhaps  greater  than  that  of  any  other  person.  He  ac- 
companied William  to  England  as  his  chaplain,  and  took 
an  active  part  in  the  settlement  of  the  new  government. 
In  1689  the  king  offered  him  the  Bishopric  of  Salisbury, 
but  with  his  usual  disinterestedness  he  begged  him  to  con- 
fer it  on  his  old  friend  Dr.  Lloyd.  His  majesty  replied, 
"  I  have  another  person  in  view,"  and  next  day  nominated 
Burnet  to  the  see,  to  which  was  added  subsequently  the 
Chancellorship  of  the  Order  of  the  (Jarter.  The  new  bi- 
shop now  zealously  occupied  himself  with  his  literary  and 
official  duties,  leading  a  most  industrious  and  useful  life 
until  the  year  1715.  when  he  was  attai-kcd  with  a  pleuritic 
fever,  which  proved  fatal  on  the  17lh  of  March.  The 
bishop  was  a  very  voluminous  writer:  see  list  in  Watt's 
Bib.  Brit.,  and  Lowndes's  Bibl.  Manual.  We  notice  a  few 
of  his  principal  works:  Memoirs  of  the  Dukes  of  Hamil- 
ton. Lon.,  1077,  fob;  last  edit.,  Oxf..  1S52,  8vo.  History 
of  the  Rcformiitiiiu  of  the  Church  of  England,  vol.  i.  1679, 
fol.  This  publication  was  rewarded  with  an  honour  never 
conferred  before  or  since  upon  an  author.  He  received  the 
thanks  of  Parliament,  with  a  request  that  ho  would  con- 
tinue his  researches,  and  complete  the  work  he  had  so  well 
commenced.  The  historian  acquiesced:  in  1681  he  pub. 
vol.  ii.,  and  in  1715  vol.  iii.,  with  supplement. 

"  His  History  of  the  Reformation  had  been  received  with  loud 
applause  by  all  parties,  and  had  been  felt  by  the  Roman  Catholics 
as  a  severe  blow.  The  greatest  Doctor  that  the  Church  of  Rome 
has  produced  since  the  schism  of  the  Itith  century,  Bossuet,  Bishop 
of  Meaux,  was  engaL'cd  in  framiug  an  elaborate  rtply."— T.  B. 
Macaulay:  Hist,  of  Eugtnnd. 

"In  Bishop  Burnet's  History  of  the  Church  of  England,  yon 
will  havf  a  full  view  of  the  steps  which  our  church  took  when  she 
reformed  herself  from  the  errors  of  Popery."— DR.  Wotton. 

'■  Burnet,  in  liis  immortal  History  of  the  Reformation,  has  fixed 
the  Protestant  religion  in  this  country  as  long  as  any  religion  re- 


BUR 

mains  among  us.  Burnet  is,  without  doubt,  the  English  Euse- 
bius." — Dr.  Aptiiorpe. 

"  No  cautious  need  be  suggested  before  the  perusal  of  the  labori- 
ous work  of  this  impartial  and  libenil  Churchinan.  an  ornament 
in  his  order,  and  who  deserved  the  name  of  Christian." — pROF. 
I-MVT[( :  L-cturrs  on  Mod.  History. 

"One  of  tlif  most  thoroughly  digested  books  of  the  century." — 

I'Ri'F.  Si'ALUlNG. 

This  work  was  speedily  translated  into  several  European  | 
languages.     In  the  continuation,  Burnet  had  the  valuaV'le  i 
assistance  of  Bishops  Lloyd,  Tillntsnn.  and  Stillingfleet.  | 
The  notes  and  preface  of  Dr.  Nares  in  his  eilit.  are  valu-  j 
nble,  and  Mr.  G.  L.  Corrie's  Abridgment  (0.\f.,  1847,  8vo)  | 
will  answer  a  useful  purpose.     An  edit,  was  pub,  in  1829,  , 
Oxf.,  7  vols.  8vo;  and  in   1850,  Lon.,  2  vols.  imp.  8vo,  il-  I 
lizstrated  with  4A  portraits  from  Lu<lge,  and  by  many  valu- 
able notes.     Before  reading  Burnet,  Lenfant's  History  of 
the  Council  of  Constance,  1728,  2  vols,  -ito,  should  be  pe- 
rused.    This  is  Burnet's  own  advice  : 

"I  cannot  recommend  too  hi^'hly  Lenfanfs  History  of  the  Coun- 
cil of  Constance,  in  which  the  author  has.  with  great  care,  given 
a  view  of  the  state  of  the  Charch  and  Religion  before  the  Refi^'rma- 
(ion.  and  should  be  read  to  prepare  a  man  for  reading  "my  his- 
tory.'"— Pr(f.  to  Hist.  Rc/i/rm. 
Gibbon  thus  notices  Lenfant: 

"  The  Histories  of  the  three  successive  Councils,  IMsa,  Constance, 
and  Basil,  have  been  written  with  a  tolerable  degree  of  candour, 
industry,  and  elegance,  by  a  Protestant  minister,  M.  Lenfant,  who 
retired  fiom  Franco  to  Berlin." 

Burnet's  work  did  not  meet  with  universal  commenda- 
tion :  M.  Le  Grand,  Varillas.  and  others  in  France,  Lowth, 
Wharton,  and  Ilickcs  at  home,  o]iei)cd  their  batteries  upon 
the  stout  prelate,  who  was  but  little  disconcerted  by  such 
assaults.  Wharton  allows  it  to  have  a  reputati'iu  firmly  \ 
and  deservedly  established.  Many  errors  which  had  crept 
into  preceding  narrations  were  corrected  by  Burnet. 

"The  defects  of  Peter  Heylyn's  History  of  tin-  Kef'irniation  are 
abundantly  supplied  in  our  authors  more  complete  history.  He 
gives  a  practical  account  of  all  the  affairs  of  the  Iteformation.  from 
its  beginning  in  tlic  ri'ign  of  Henry  VIII.  to  its  final  establish- 
ment under  Que.:n  Klizabuth,  a.d.  155y.  And  the  whole  is  penned 
in  a  masculine  style,  such  as  becomes  an  historian,  and  is  the  pro- 
perty of  this  author  in  all  his  writings.  The  collection  of  records 
which  he  gives  at  the  end  of  each  volume,  are  good  vouchers  of 
the  truth  of  what  he  delivers  in  the  body  of  the  history,  and  are 
much  more  perfect  than  could  reasonably  be  expected,  after  the 
pains  taken  in  Queen  Mary's  days  to  suppress  every  thing  that 
carried  the  marks  of  the  Reformation  upon  it.''  See  Bishop  Xicol- 
son's  Eng.  Hist.  Library. 

The  bishop  increased  his  celebrity  by  the  Lives  of  Ro- 
cbester,  1680,  8vo,  Hale,  and  Queen  Mary,  (including 
Rochester.)  1682,  2  vols.  8vo,  and  Bishop  Bedell,  16S5, 
8vo.  He  pub.  some  other  valuable  biographical  sketches, 
and  the  reader  is  referred  to  his  Lives  and  Characters,  in- 
cluding Hale.  Rochester,  Boyle,  Leighton,  Ac,  edited,  with 
an  introduction,  by  Bishop  Jebb,  Lon.,  1833,  8vo.  This  vol. 
also  contains  Five  Unpublished  Letters,  by  Anne,  Countess 
Dowager  of  Rochester,  and  Burnet's  Address  to  Posterity. 
*'  Bishop  Burnet's  short  but  exquisite  Address  to  Posterity  will 
be  read  and  re-rnad,  with  fresh  improvement  and  delight,  as 
long  as  the  English  lan'.;uage  lasts. 

The  interesting  incidents  connected  with  the  Conversion 
of  the  Earl  of  Rochester,  through  the  instrumentality  of 
Burnet,  are  well  known, 

"The  life  of  Rochester  is  a  work  which  the  critic  ought  to  read 
for  its  elegance,  the  philosopher  for  its  arguments,  and  the  saint 
for  its  piety." — Dr.  Samuel  Johnson. 

In  IfiS.*!  he  pub.  a  trans,  from  the  original  Latin  (1551) 
of  Sir  Thomas  Mure's  Utopia.  In  1692,  -ito.  appeared  his 
celebrated  Discourse  of  the  Pastoral  Care,  which  is  con- 
sidered by  some  the  best  of  his  writings.  The  3d  edit., 
1713,  has  a  valuable  preface  added:  an  edit,  was  pub.  in 
1821.  12mo-  An  enlarged  edit,  of  his  History  of  the  Reign 
of  King  James  the  Second  was  pub.  at  Oxf.,  1852,  Svo. 
His  E.\position  of  the  XXXIX.  Articles  of  the  Church  of 
England  appeared  in  16*J9,  fol.  Of  this  work  there  have 
been  numerous  editions. 

"  The  good  bishop  seems  to  be  so  attentive  to  the  various  and 
contradictfiry  opinions  of  others  in  the  several  Articles,  that  you 
are  often  at  a  loss  to  find  his  own." — Da,  Wii.uams. 

**The  work  contains  much  information,  and  candour:  perhaps 
pursued  to  a  blamable  excess." — BicJ.ersUl/i^s  Christian  Studatt. 
And  see  chap.  xi.  in  that  work. 

The  Exposition  of  the  Articles  is  highly  commended  by 
Archbishops  Tillotson,  Tenison,  and  Sharp;  Bishops  Stil- 
lingfleet,  Patrick,  Lloyd,  Hall,  Williams,  and  other  au- 
thorities. The  Rev.  J.  R.  Page  has  pub.  an  edit.,  with  a 
valuable  Appendix,  Notes,  and  Additional  References, 
Lon.,  1843,  Svo. 

"The  editor  has  given  to  our  clergy  and  our  students  in  theo- 
logy an  edition  of  this  work,  which  must  necessarily  supersede 
every  other;  and  we  feel  he  deserves  well  at  the  hands  of  the 
church  which  he  has  so  materially  served." — Church  of  England 
Quarterly  h'fimw. 
"The  valuable  references,  notes,  and  indices,  which  accompany 


BUR 

this  edition.  ;:ive  it  a  vast  supfriority  over  every  other." — BiSHOP 

OF  WlNt'llKSTER. 

"Tiimi^'li  Kurnet's  worlx  may  have  peculiar  attractions  to  an 
EpisiMpali.iii  as  an  exposition  of  his  articles  nf  faith,  yet  as  a  trea- 
surv  of  llililiial  and  theolofiical  !<no\vled[<e.  it  is  aliive  valualjle  to 
Christians  of  every  communion." — Aoh.  c/irhiian  Observer. 

Tho  celebrated  Hi.story  of  his  Own  Times  was  left  in 
MS.  at  his  death,  with  orders  that  it  should  not  be  pub. 
until  si-x  years  after,  when  it  was  given  to  the  world  with- 
out alteration.  The  first  volume,  however,  did  not  appear 
until  1724,  and  the  2d  was  delayed  until  IT.'U.  The  work 
was  pub.  by  his  son  Thomas.  This  interesting  work  has 
Vieen  much  abused  by  the  Tories,  and  it  has  been  a  con- 
venient target  for  the  wits  of  such  critics  as  Swift,  Pope, 
Arbuthnot,  and  others.  The  last  attempted  a  p.arody  under 
the  title  of  Memoirs  of  P.  P.,  Clerk  of  this  Parisli.  Dr. 
Fle.'Lman  pub.  an  edit,  of  the  Bishop's  Own  Times,  with 
Notes,  &c.,  in  175.3,  6  vols.  Svo.  An  edit,  was  pub.  at  Ox- 
ford, ]8:).3,  6  vols.  Svo,  and  the  last  edit,  appeared  in  1847, 
Lon.,  2  vols.  imp.  8vn,  with  Hist,  and  Biog.  Notes,  and  51 
portraits.  Such  men  as  the  wits  just  named  can  bring  any 
writer  into  ridicule,  but  to  impugn  literary  integrity  is  a 
more  difficult  matter.  We  may  venture  something,  but  we 
are  willing  to  incur  the  risk,  when  we  avow  the  opinion 
that  Burnet  is  one  of  the  most  veracious  chroniclers  in  tho 
language.  It  was  the  freedom  of  its  strictures  upon  certain 
pet  characters  that  excited  the  satire  of  Pope  and  the  ridi- 
cule of  Arbuthnot.  As  for  the  terms  "  Silly  Puppy," 
"  Scotch  Uog,"  "  Canting  Puppy,"  and  such  other  ele- 
gancies of  the  kennel,  of  which  Swift  was  so  accomplished 
a  master,  wo  doubt  if  they  disturb  the  maiiM  of  the  worthy 
prelate.  It  is  an  everyday  thing  to  find  a  writer  of  some 
centuries' standing  accused  of  i)rejudice,  misrepresentation, 
misconception,  &c. ;  but  how  a  critic,  who  lives  two  or 
three  hundred  years  after  a  certain  occurrence  has  trans- 
pired, can  understand  it  so  much  better  than  an  eye  or 
ear-witness,  we  are  too  dull  to  discern.  Dr.  Johnson's 
opinion,  as  recorded  by  Boswell,  will  serve  as  an  instance 
— though  much  less  condemnatory  than  many — of  what 
we  refer  to : 

"  Burnet's  History  of  his  Own  Times  is  very  entertaining.  The 
style,  indeed,  is  mere  chit-chat.  I  do  not  believe  that  Burnet  in- 
tentionally  lied:  but  he  was  so  much  prejudiced,  that  he  took  no 
pains  to  find  out  the  truth,  lie  was  like  a  man  who  resolves  to 
regulate  his  timeliy  acert.ain  watch;  but  will  not  inquire  whether 
the  watch  is  riyht  or  not." 

One  might  suppose  that  the  doctor  had  roomed  with  tho 
bishop,  at  least:  he  seems  to  bo  so  perfectly  informed  as 
to  his  habits. 

Profe.ssor  Smyth  is  disposed  to  do  our  author  more  jus- 
tice than  he  has  generally  had  accorded  to  him : 

"  Whatever  he  reports  himself  to  have  heard  or  seen,  the  reader 
may  he  .assured  he  really  did  hear  or  see.  But  we  must  receive 
his  representations  and  conclusions  with  that  caution  which  must 
ever  he  observed  when  we  listen  to  tho  relation  of  a  warm  and 
bu.sy  partisan,  whatever  be  his  natural  inteKcity  and  good  sense. 
He  "is  often  censured,  and  sometimes  corrected ;  but  the  tact  seems 
to  be,  that,  without  his  original,  and  certainly  honest,  account, 
we  should  know  little  about  the  wants  and  affairs  he  professes  to 
explain.  Many  of  the  writers  who  are  not  very  willing  to  receive 
his  assistance,' would  be  totally  at  a  loss  without  it."— Lecls.on 
Miithni  History. 

We  are  glad  to  see  that  our  (for,  although  American- 
born,  we  claim  all  the  merhorioua  English  authors  as  ours) 
latest  historical  commentator,  Mr.  Macaulay,  defends  tho 
bishop  against  bis  accusers  : 

"  It  is  usu.al  to  censure  Burnet  as  a  singularly  inaccurate  his- 
torian, but  I  believe  the  charge  to  be  altogether  unjust.  He  ap- 
pears to  be  singularly  inaccurate  only  because  his  narrative  has 
lieen  suhiected  to  a 'scrutiny  singularly  severe  and  unfriendly. 
If  any  Whig  thouirht  it  worth  while  to  subject  Keresby's  Memoirs, 
North's  Kxamen.  Mulgrave's  Account  of  the  Revolution,  or  the 
Life  of  .Tames  the  Second,  edited  by  Clarke,  to  a  sunilar  scrutiny, 
it  would  soon  appear  that  Burnet  was  indeed  far  from  being  the 
most  inexact  writer  of  his  time." — Ilht.  nf  Euqhmd. 

Horace  Walpole  considers  that  the  bishop's  credulity,  as 
he  styles  it,  is  a  proof  of  his  honesty,  and  pays  a  deserved 
compliment  to  the  easy  flow  of  his  narrative: 

"It  seems  as  if  he  h.adjust  come  from  the  King's  closet,  or  from 

the  apartment  of  the  man  whom  he  describes,  and  was  telling  his 

reader,  in  plain  terms,  what  be  had  seen  and  heard." 

Charles  Lamb  bears  testimony  to  the  same  effect: 

"  I  am  reading  Burnet's  Own  Times.     Hid  vou  ever  read  that 

garrulous.  plea.santhistorv?  full  of  scandal,  which  all  true  history 

is;_no  palliatives,  but  all  the  stark  wickedness  that  .actually  gives 

the  mmnrnlum  to  national  actors:— none  of  that  cursed  Ifunman 

indifference — so  cold,  and  unnatural,  and  inhuman."'  kc—LrtUrs. 

As  an  pirtempore  preacher  the  bishop  was  so  happy,  that 

his  congregation  dreaded  his  "finally"  as  much   as  hia 

severest  official  reprehension.   Sir  John  Jekyl  told  Speaker 

Onslow,  that  one  day  when  be  was  present,  and  the  worthy 

prelate  had  "  preached  out  the  hour-glass"  before  he  had 

finished  his  subject,  "he  took  it  up,  and  held  it  aloft  in 

his  hand,  and  then  turned  it  up  for  another  hour ;  upon 

'  297 


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BUR 


which  the  audience — a  very  large  one  for  the  place — set 
up  almost  a  shout  for  joy. ^ 

We  mean  no  irreverence  to  the  clergy  when  wo  remark 
that  one  '*  hour-glass"  is  as  much  as  a  modern  congrega- 
tion consider  themselves  entitled  to  claim. 

As  a  parish  priest,  as  well  as  a  diocesan,  Burnet  was 
moat  exemplary.  He  wrote  well  upon  the  Pastoral  Care, 
but  he  did  better, — he  was  the  constant  exemplar  of  his 
own  precepts.  We  give  a  specimen  of  his  "manner  of 
life :" 

"  During  the  five  years  he  remained  at  Saltoun.  he  preached 
twice  every  Sunday,  and  once  on  one  of  the  week-days:  he  cate- 
fhized  three  times  a  week,  so  as  to  examine  every  parishioner,  old 
or  youn^,  three  times  in  the  course  of  a  year:  he  went  round  the 
parish  from  house  to  house,  instructing,  reprovinR.  or  comforting 
them,  as  occasion  required:  the  sick  he  visited  twice  a  day:  he 
personally  instruct^'d  all  such  as  ^ave  notice  of  their  intention  to 
receive  the  communion." — Life,  by  his  soji,  Thomas  Burnet,  in  JSist. 
Ovm  Times. 

His  indifference  for  preferment,  "his  degrading  him- 
self into  the  lowest  and  most  paiuful  duties  of  his  calling," 
that  he  might  go  about  doing  good,  are  highly  extolled  by 
a  competent  witness,  the  Marquis  of  Halifax.  In  truth, 
both  the  Church  and  the  State  are  under  such  deep  obli- 
gations to  the  exertions  of  Bishop  Burnet,  as  a  clergyman 
and  as  a  statesman,  that  it  ill  becomes  Englishmen  to  treat 
his  memory  with  either  injustice  or  indifference.  See  Biog. 
Brit.;  Swift's  Works  ;  Granger's  Letters ;  Laing's  Hist,  of 
Scotland;  Birch's  Tillotson;  Burnet's  Reform.,  1850;  Own 
Times,  18^7. 

Burnet,  Gilbert,  the  bishop's  second  son,  educated 
at  Merton  College,  Oxford,  and  at  Leyden,  was  chaplain 
to  George  I.  :  he  died  early  in  life.  An  Abridgt.  of  vol. 
iii.  of  his  father's  Hist,  of" the  Reformation,  1719.  The 
Generation  of  the  Sou  of  God.  1720.  Svo.  He  espoused 
the  cause  of  Hoadly  in  the  Bangorian  controversy,  and 
wrote  three  pieces  on  the  occasion,  1718,  &c.  He  was  a 
contributor  to  the  Free-thinker,  (collected  in  3  vols.  12mo,) 
and  perhaps  to  Hibernicus's  Letters,  1725,  '26,  '27. 

Buruet,  Gilbert,  d.  1746,  aged  48.  Vicar  of  Coggesball, 
Essex,  and  Minister  of  St.  James's,  Clerkenwell,  abridged 
the  3  fol.  vols,  of  the  Boyle  Lectures  in  4  vols.  Svo,  Lon., 
1737.     Practical  Sermons,  Lon.,  1747,  2  vols.  Svo. 

*'  His  sermons  are  written  in  an  ajireealtle.  instructive,  and  prac- 
tical manner ;  displaying  solid  reasoning,  true  piety,  and  unaffected 
charity." 

Burnet,  Jacob,  an  American.  Notes  on  the  Early 
Settlement  of  the  North  Western  Territory,  Svo. 

"To  all  who  feel  an  interest  in  the  destinies  of  the  Western 
Country,  this  book  supplies  the  elements  from  which  a  correct 
judgment  may  be  formed,  not  only  of  its  past  history,  but  also  of 
its  probable  position,  in  an  intellectual  and  moral  point  of  view. 
For  it  is  only  by  considering  what  a  nation  has  been,  that  any  cor- 
rect idea  can  be  gained  concerning  what  it  is  likely  to  be." 

Burnet,James,LordMonboddo, 1714-1799,  ana- 
tive  of  Kincardineshire,  Scotland,  was  educated  at  King's 
College,  Aberdeen,  and  studied  Civil  Law  at  Groniugen, 
Holland.  He  was  distinguished  rather  for  profound  than 
useful  learning.  In  1764  he  was  appidnted  Sheriff  of  Kin- 
cardineshire, and  in  1767  he  succeeded  Lord  Milton  as  a 
Lord  of  Session.  The  Origin  and  Progress  of  Language, 
Edin.,  1773,  6  vols.  Svo.  His  lordship  was  as  much  ena- 
moured of  the  ancients — -especially  the  Greeks — as  ever 
was  the  Doctor  in  Peregrine  Pickle.  The  above-named 
work  was  intended  to  settle  the  question  as  to  the  superi- 
ority of  his  favourite  ancients  over  a  degenerate  posterity. 
It  was  not  successful. 

'■■  Nnthing.  it  was  said,  but  the  strantce  absurdity  of  his  opinions, 
could  have  hindered  his  book  from  falling  dead-bom  from  the  pi  ess." 
Dr.  Johnson  often  ridiculed  the  peculiar  notions  enter- 
tained by  Monboddo;  though,  by-the-by,  there  were  some 
points  of  similarity  between  thera,  for  Foote  calls  "Mon- 
boddo an  Elzerii-  edition  of  Johnson."  When  the  author 
of  Rasselaspaid  the  modern  Greek  a  visit,  the  latter  pointed 
to  the  Douglas  Arms  in  his  house: — "In  such  houses," 
said  he,  "our  ancestors  lived,  who  were  better  men  than 
we."  "  No,  no,  my  lord,"  said  Johnson  :  '*  we  are  as  strong 
as  they,  and  a  great  deal  wiser."  Monboddo  was  an  advo- 
cate of  the  superiority  of  the  savage  state:  he  considered 
that  men  were  originally  monkeys,  and  that  a  nation  still 
existed  with  tails. 

"  Dr.  .lohnson  attacked  Lord  Monboddo's  strange  speculation  on 
tho  primitive  state  of  human  nature.  -Sir,  it  is  all  conjecture 
about  a  thing  useless,  even  were  it  known  to  be  true.  Knowledge 
of  all  kinds  is  good.  Con.iecture.  as  to  things  useful,  is  good ;  but 
conjecture  as  to  what  would  he  useless  to  know,  such  as  whether 
men  went  upon  all  fours,  is  very  idle.  ...  It  is  a  pity  to  see  Lord 
Monboddo  publish  such  notions  as  he  has  done;  a  man  of  sense, 
and  of  so  much  ele'^ant  learning.  There  would  be  little  in  a  fool 
doing  it ;  we  should  only  laugh :  but  when  a  wise  man  does  it,  we 
are  sorry.  [Monboddo  had  written  a  preface  to  the  trans,  of  Con- 
damine's  Account  of  the  Savage  Oirl.]     Other  people  have  strange 


notions;  but  they  conceal  them.  If  they  have  tails  [alluding  to 
Monboddo's  theory  of  the  ori;^inally  tailed-state  of  man]  they  hide 
ihem:  but  Monboddo  is  as  jealous  of  his  tail  as  a  squirrel."" — Bos- 
ivdl's  Johnson. 

'•  'When  Sir  Joseph  Banks  returned  from  Botany  Bay.  Monboddo 
inquired  after  the  long-tailed  men.  and,  according  to  Johnson,  was 
not  pleased  that  they  had  not  been  found  in  all  his  peregrinations." 
The  Origin  and  Progress  of  Language  was  intended  to 
vindicate  the  honour  of  Grecian  literature  :  to  properly  set 
forth  the  excellencies  of  the  Grecian  philosophy,  he  pub. 
his  Ancient  Metaphysics,  or  the  Science  of  Universals,  with 
an  Examination  of  Sir  Isaac  Newton's  Philosophy,  Edin., 
1779-99,  6  vols.  4to. 

"  This  work  evinces,  like  the  other,  his  extravagant  fondness  for 
Grecian  learning  and  philosophy,  and  his  scorn  for  all  that  was  mo- 
dern. It  proves,  that,  though  versed  in  the  science  of  Aristotle  and 
Plato,  he  knew  not,  for  want  of  a  suflicieut  acquaintance  with  mo- 
dern literature,  how  to  explain  that  science  to  his  contemporaries." 
AVe  think  that  there  is  great  weight  in  Bacon's  remark 
that  the  carfi/  a;je  of  the  world  cannot  properly  be  called 
its  antir/iiiti/.  The  latter  ages  are  really  the  antiquity  of  , 
the  world.  The  remark  will  be  found  somewhere  in  the 
Advancement  of  Learning. 

Burnet,  John,  b.  1784,  at  Fisherrow,  near  Edin- 
burgh, a  distinguished  engraver  and  writer  on  Art.  Prac- 
tical Treatise  on  Painting,  1822-27,  4to:  pub.  orig.  in 
three  parts.  Hints  on  Composition,  Light  and  Shade,  and 
Colour.  Essay  on  the  Education  of  the  Eye  in  Reference 
to  Painting,  18.37,  4to.  TUustratcd  edition  of  Sir  Joshua 
Reynolds's  Lectures  on  Painting,  with  Valuable  Notes  by 
the  editor,  Ac.:  12  plates  after  the  Great  Masters:  new 
ed.,  1842,  4to.  Practical  Essays  on  Various  Branches  of 
the  Fine  Arts,  1848.  12mo.  Landscape-Painting  in  Oil 
Colours,  1849,  4to.  Rembrandt  and  his  Works,  1840,  4to. 
Practical  Hints  in  Portrait-Painting,  ISoO,  4to.  Life  and 
Works  of  J.  M.  AV.  Turner,  1852,  4to :  writteu  in  conjunc- 
tion with  Mr.  P.  Cunningb;im.  Progress  of  a  Painter, 
1854,  4to.  These  works  arc  illustrated  by  numerous  en- 
gravings drawn  and  executed  by  Mr.  B. 

Burnet,  Matthias,  D.D.,  d.  1806,  aged  about  55,  an 
Episcopal  minister  at  Norwalk,  Connecticut,  graduated  at 
Princeton  in  1704.  He  pub.  Reflections  upon  the  Season 
of  Harvest,  and  two  sermons  in  Amer.  Preacher,  ii.,  iii. 

Burnet,  Thomas,  16:^5-1715,  a  native  of  Croft,  York- 
shire, entered  Clare  Hall.  Cambridge.  1651;  removed  to 
Christ's  College.  1654;  Fellow,  1657;  Master  of  the  Char- 
ter-house, by  the  Duke  of  Ormond's  influence,  1685.  He 
gained  great  distinction  by  the  following  work :  Telluris 
theoria  sacra :  orbis  nostri  originem  et  mutationes  generales 
quas  aut  jam  eubiit,  aut  olim  subiturus  est,  complectens. 
Libri  duo  priores  de  Diluvio  et  Paradiso,  Lon.,  1681,  4to. 
Libri  duo  po.-^teriores,  de  conflagratione  mundiet  de  future 
rerum  statu,  1689.  4tu,  that  is— the  English  reader  will  un- 
derstand— the  first  two  books  treat  of  the  Deluge  and 
Paradise;  the  last  two.  of  the  burning  of  the  AA'orld  and 
the  New  Heavens  and  New  Earth.  This  work  met  with 
much  applause,  and  eveu  Charles  II.  forgot  his  dogs  and 
ladies  long  enough  to  give  it  an  inspection,  which  amply 
rewarded  his  pains.  The  author  was  thus  encouraged  to 
translate  it  into  English.  He  pub.  the  first  two  books — 
The  Sacred  Theory  of  the  Earth,  (fee— in  1684.  fob,  with 
a  dedication  to  Charles  II.,  and  the  last  in  1689,  with  a 
dedication  to  Queen  Mary.  The  English  version  is  by  no 
means  an  exact  transcript  of  the  original;  there  are  addi- 
tions, abridgments,  and  alterations.  The  references  to 
patristic  literature  are  much  fuller  in  the  Latin  than  in  tho 
English.  As  regards  ingenuity  of  hypothesis  and  majesty 
of  style,  the  work  is  beyond  praise ;  as  a  philosophical  sys- 
tem, it  is  beneath  criticism.  Geological  data,  and  the  first 
principles  of  scriptural  exegesis,  are  entirely  neglected  by 
our  fanciful  theorist.  Addison  complimented  the  author 
in  a  Latin  ode.  (in  1669,)  which  has  been  prefixed  to  some 
editions  of  the  commended  work,  in  which  he  addresses 
him  in  tho  most  flattering  terms: 

"O  pectus  ingens!  O  animum  ^ravem, 
Mundi  capacem!  Pi  Imnos  auguror, 
Te.  nostra  quo  tellus  suporbit, 
Accipet  renovata  civem." 
Dr.  Warton  ranks  Burnet  with  the  few  in  whom  the  three 
great  faculties  of  the  understanding,  viz. :  judgment,  ima- 
gination, and   memory  have  been  found  united;  and  he 
considers  him  to  have  displayed  an  imagination  very  nearly 
equal  to  that  of  Milton.     On  the  other  hand.  AVarren,  Keill, 
j  Croft,  and  AVhiston  attacked  his  errors;  and  Flamstead  is 
!  reputed  to  have  told  the  author  that  "there  went  more  to 
■  the  making  of  a  world  than  a  fine-turned  period,  and  that 
he  was  able  to  overthrow  the  theory  in  one  sheet  of  paper." 
There  are  certainly  grave  errors  put  forth  by  Burnet  which 
I  we  need  not  specify  here.     The  literary  excellence  of  the 


BUR 

Theory  lias  liecn  aoknowlerlged  even  hy  those  who  most 
strmu'-ly  contlemned  its  assumptioijs.     Keill  tells  us 

•■  foi-  as  1  lu'lipve  never  was  any  book  fuller  of  errors  and  mis- 
takes in  philosnphy,  so  none  ever  almumied  with  more  beautilul 
scenes  and  surprising  ima-es  of  nature.  But  1  write  only  to  those 
who  mi'ht  perhaps  expect  to  lind  a  true  philosophy  in  it:  they 
who  read  it  as  ingenious  romance  will  still  be  pleased  with  their 
entertainment." 

But  Keill  treats  the  author  with  much  severity  in  other 
parts  of  his  Examination. 

'■  Apart  from  his  mistakes,  his  works  contain  some  thinss  relat- 
ing to  the  Scriptures  worth  reading;  while  the  reader  ought  to  be 
on*^  his  guard  against  their  sophistry  and  skepticism." — Orme's 
Bib.  Btbl. 

In  172?,  12  years  after  his  death,  appeared  De  Fide  et 
Officiis  Christianorum,  and  De  Statu  Mortuorum  et  Resur- 
gentium,  the  last  advocating  the  doctrine  of  the  Millennium, 
and  the  limited  duration  of  Future  Punishment.  Burnet 
had  a  few  copies  privately  printed,  hut  had  no  intention 
of  publishing  a  work  which  he  knew  would  elicit  much 
censure.  Imperfect  copies,  however,  got  into  circulation, 
and  Burnet's  friend  Wilkinson  determined  to  publish  a 
correct  edition.  In  a  2d  edit.,  pub.  in  1733,  an  addition 
was  made  to  the  last-named  piece,  entitled  De  futura  Ju- 
dffiorum  restauratione,  taken  from  Burnet's  MSS.  He  is 
also  said  to  have  been  the  author  of  three  pieces  pub.  with- 
out his  name  under  the  title  of  Remarks  upon  an  Essay 
concerning  Human  Understanding ;  the  first  two  pub.  in 
1697,  the  last  in  11599,  which  Remarks  met  with  a  response 
by  Mrs.  Catherine  Trotter  (afterwards  Cockburn)  in  her 
Defence  of  Locke's  Essay,  1702,  written  when  Mrs.  Trot- 
ter was  but  twenty-three  years  of  age.  It  is  to  be  re- 
gretted that  Burnet's  judgment  was  so  much  inferior  to 
his  imagination.     His  Sacred  Theory  of  the  Earth  is 

"A  splendid  example  of  erroneous  views  in  philosophy." — £din- 
bin-Qh  K'VifA':. 

".Some  of  the  author's  peculiarities  have  tended  to  discredit 
other  scriptural  .Inctrines  which  he  supported." — liicKERSTETH. 

"His  scnlimcnts  aie  £ir  from  orthodox  on  many  ptjints.  He 
considered  the  Mosaic  account  of  the  Fall,  a  pious  allegory;  ori- 
ginal sin.  a  fiction ;  and  he  doubted  the  resurrection  of  the  same 
bodJ^Srairs^  eternity  of  future  punishment."' — Orme, 

^is  works  are  now  much  neglected,  although  when  first 
published 

"  The  novelty  of  his  ideas,  the  perspicuity  and  elegance  of  his 
style,  recommended  his  works  to  the  attention  of  the  learned." — 
Enfield's  PInlosnphy. 

Burnet,  Thomas,  D.D.,  d.  1750,  Rector  of  West 
Kingston,  and  Prebendary  of  Sarum,  was  educated  at 
New  College,  Oxford.  Essay  upon  (jovernment,  Lon., 
1726.  .Svo.  Answer  to  Tindal's  Christianity  as  old  as  the 
Creation.  Treatise  on  Scriptural  Politics.  iSermons,  1722. 
'26.  16  Sermons  preached  at  Boyle's  Lecture,  Lon.,  1726, 
2  vols.  Svo.  An  Essay  on  the  Trinity.  This  is  a  very  cu- 
rious dissertation. 

Burnet,  Thomas,  M.D.,  Physician  in  Ordinary  to 
the  King,  and  brother  to  Bishop  Burnet.  Thesaurus  Me- 
dicina;  Practic;c,  etc.,  Lon.,  1673.  4to;  best  edit.,  with  the 
author's  last  corrections.  Geneva,  1698,  4to.  Haller  enu- 
merates 12  edits,  printed  in  England  and  on  the  Conti- 
nent. Hippocrates  contractus,  etc.,  Edin.,  1685,  Svo  ;  Lon., 
16S6.  8vo:  Vien.,  1737,  Svo;  Venet.,  1751,  Svo  ;  Strashurg, 
1765.     Of  Dr.  Burnet's  life  no  particulars  are  known. 

Burnet,  Thomas,  d.  1753,  nephew  of  the  above,  and 
third  and  youngest  son  of  Bishop  Burnet,  was  educated 
at  Merton  College,  after  leaving  which  he  became  a  stu- 
dent of  the  Temple.  The  abstruse  mysteries  of  Law 
pleased  him  less  than  "good  company,"  and  he  was  in  a 
fair  way  to  be  ruined  when  he  took  a  determination  to 
change  his  course.  His  father,  one  day,  observing  his  un- 
usually grave  countenance,  asked  him  what  he  was  medi- 
tating? "A  greater  work,"  replied  the  son,  "than  your 
lordship's  History  of  the  Reformation."  "What  is  that, 
Tom?*'  "My  own  reformation,  my  l(U*d."  "I  shall  be 
heartily  glad  to  see  it,"  responded  the  father,  ''  but  almost 
despair  of  it."  Now  we  may  pardon  the  bishop's  incre- 
dulity, when  we  are  informed  that  the  scapegrace  was 
suspected  of  being  one  of  the  wild  "  Mohocks"  of  whom  we 
read  so  much  in  the  Spectator.     Swift  tells  Stella, 

"  Young  Davenant  tells  us  how  he  was  set  upon  by  the  Mohocks, 
and  how  they  ran  his  chair  through  with  a  sword.  It  is  not  safe 
being  in  the  streets  at  night.  The  Bishop  of  Salisbury's  son  is 
said  to  be  of  the  gang.    They  are  all  ^Vhigs." 

Yet  the  young  man  was  better  even  than  his  word,  he 
not  only  thought  of  reforming — he  reformed,  and  became 
one  of  the  most  prominent  lawyers  of  his  day,  and  in 
1741  was  made  a  Justice  of  the  Court  of  Common  Pleas. 
We  have  already  referred  to  his  having  pultlished  his  fa- 
ther's History  of  his  Own  Times,  and  he  gave  to  the  world 
some  political  pamphlets, — A  Letter  to  the  People.  Our 
Ancestors  as  wise  as  we,  Ac, — and  a  vol.  of  his  poems 


BUR 

was  pub.  in  1777.  He  incurred  the  di,«pleasure  of  Pope  hy 
a  travesty  of  the  first  book  of  the  Iliad.  Of  course,  he 
was  pub.  in  the  Dunciad,  which  pillory  would  always  hold 
one  more  offender. 

Burnet,  Thomas.  The  Sweets  of  Solitude,  and 
other  Poems,  1S07.  12mo. 

Burnet,  William,  1688-1729,  eldest  son  of  Bishop 
Burnet,  was  educated  at  Trinity  College,  Cambridge,  and 
at  Leyilen.  He  was  one  of  the  many  dupes  of  the  South 
Sea  scheme.  In  1720  he  was  appointed  Governor  of  New 
York,  and  was  transferred  to  the  government  of  Massa- 
chusetts .and  New  Hampshire  in  1728.  He  contributed  to 
Phil.  Trans.,  and  pub.  an  Essay  on  Scripture  Prophecy, 
1724. 

"  Tie  attempted  to  explain  the  three  periods  contained  in  the 
twelfth  chapter  of  Daniel,  with  arguments  to  prove  that  the  first 
period  expired  in  1715." 

An  interesting  account  of  Governor  Burnet  will  be  found 
in  Allen's  American  Bi'ig.  Diet. 

Burnet,  William,  iSI.D.  Mediterranean  Fever,  Lon., 
1814,  Svo. 

Burnett,  Andrew.    Thanksgiving  Sermon,  1695,  4to. 
Burnett,  Charles  M.     Insanity  tested  by  Science, 
Lon..  1S4S,  Svo.     Philosophy  of  Spirits  in  relation  to  Mat- 
ter, 1850,  Svo.     The  Power,  Wisdom,  and  Goodness  of 
God  as  displayed  in  the  Anim.al  Creation,  1S3S.  Svo. 

"  Admirably  adapted  to  lead  the  mind  to  knowledge  of  a  very 
valuable  and  extensive  order. " — Lon.  Lttrrni-y  Giuett''. 

Burnett, George.  English  and  Latin  Poeuis,1809.8vo. 

Burnett,  George,  d.  ISIl.  educated  at  B;iliol  College, 

Oxford.    Introduction  to  Mavor's  Universal  History,  Lon., 

1802,  Ac,  25  vols.  Svo.     A  View  of  the  Present  State  of 

Poland,  ISO",  12mo. 

"  The  ingenuousness  of  the  author  secures  to  him  the  confidence 
of  his  readers,  while  the  fairness  of  his  narrative,  the  How  of  his 
style,  and  the  liberality  and  good  sense  which  distinguish  his  re- 
marks, render  the  perusal  of  his  work  highly  gratifying.  We  ren- 
der this  little  volume  very  moderate  justice  when  we  state  that  it 
exceeds  in  interest  and  value  many  larger  works  penned  under 
circumstances  more  auspicious," — L^n.  Mi-tttidii  liiview. 

Specimens  of  English  Prose  Writers,  Lon.,  1807,  3  vols. 
Svo. 

"  We  recard  these  volumes  as  worthy  of  no  small  commenda- 
tion, and  to  .all  who  are  interested  in  the  progress  of  their  m.  it  h.-r- 
tongue  we  cheerfully  recommend  a  perusiil  of  them." — Linidun 
ilimthlii  Rn: 

These  specimens,  if  reprinted  in  a  royal  Svo  vol.,  would 
amply  reward,  we  think,  the  enterprise  of  the  publishers. 
They  form  a  fitting  companion  to  Ellis's  Specimens  of  Early 
English  Poetry;  5th  edit.,  Lon..  1845,  3  vols.    12mo. 

Burnett,  Gilbert  T.,  lSIKI-1835,  a  lineal  descend- 
ant of  Bishop  Burnet,  (he  adiled  a  t  to  the  patronymic,) 
was  Professor  of  Botany  in  King's  College,  London,  to  the 
Roy.al  Institution,  the  Company  of  Apothecaries,  and  to 
the"  Medico-Botanical  Society.  He  was  also  a  member  of 
the  Royal  College  of  Surgeons,  associate  editor  of  the 
London  Medical  and  Surgical  Journal,  editor  of  Dr.  Ste- 
phenson and  Mr.  Churchill's  Medical  Botany,  3  vols.  Svo,  a 
contributor  to  several  medical  journals,  and  puh.  Outlines 
of  Botany,  1S35,  Svo.  His  sister,  Miss  M.  A.  Burnett,  has 
published  from  his  MSS..  Illustrations  of  Useful  Plants 
employed  in  the  Arts  and  Medicine,  126  Nos.  1842-49,  4to. 
The  drawings  and  colouring  of  the  plates  are  the  work  of 
this  accomplished  lady.  Stephenson  and  Churchill's  Me- 
dical Botany  is  a  most  valuable  work. 

"The  most  complete  and  comprehensive  work  on  Medical  Bo- 
tany."— Lim.  Phaimaa'utical  Joiinial. 

Burnett,  John,  1764-1810.  a  Scotch  lawyer,  sheriCf 
of  the  shire  of  Haddington.  1803,  Judge-admiral  of  Scot- 
land. ISIO.  prepared  a  Treatise  on  the  various  branches 
of  the  Criminal  Law  of  Scotland,  which  was  in  the  press 
at  the  time  of  his  death.  It  was  pub.  in  1811,  Edin,,  4to. 
"  Burnett's  Criminal  Law  is  admitted  to  be.  in  many  points  of 
view,  imperfect  and  unsatisfactory ;  but  it  is  remark.able  as  having 
been  one  of  the  earliest  serious  attempts  to  form  a  collection  of 
decisions.  Though  he  is  looked  at  by  the  Bench  with  some  dis- 
trust, yet  his  excellencies  are  manifcjld.  and  are  more  seldom  quoted 
than  bis  errors,  because  the  former  have  now  become  part  of  our 
consuetudinary  practice." — Law  Jmimal. 

Burnett,  .lohn.     Two  Sermons.  1774,  Svo, 
Burnett,  .lliss  ?I.  A.     See  Bi-rnett.  Gilbert  T, 
Burnett,    Thomas.      The  British    Bulwark.    Lon,, 
1715,  12mo,     Second    Tale    of   a  Tub;    or  the   Hist,   of 
Robert  Powel,  1715,  Svo;  a  satire  on  Sir  Robert  Walpole, 
ascribed  to  Thomas  Duffet. 

Burnett,  Waldo  Irving,  1S2S-1S54.  b.  at  Southboro', 
Massachusetts.  A  distinguished  scientific  writer.  Hia 
various  papers  may  be  found  in  the  .lournal  of  the  Boston 
Society  of  Nat.  History ;  in  the  Memoirs  of  the  American 
Academy  of  Arts  and  Sciences ;  American  Journal  of 
Science;  Boston  Med.  and  Surg.  Journal;  and  Am.  Journal 


BUR 


EUR 


of  Med.  Sci.  Comparative  Anat.  of  Siebold  and  Stannius, 
vol.  i.  8vo.  Ably  translated  from  the  German,  with  addi- 
tions. 

Buruey,  Caroline.    Seraphina :  a  Novel,  1S09, 3  vols. 

Burney,  Charles,  Mus.  D<.c.,  1726-1814.  a  native  of 
Shrewsbury,  was  educated  at  the  free  school  there,  and  at 
the  public  school  of  Chester.  His  musical  talent  was  de- 
veloped under  the  instruction  of  the  celebrated  Dr.  Arne. 
In  1749  he  was  elected  organist  of  a  church  in  London, 
;ind  afterwards  he  officiated  in  the  same  capacity  at  Lynn, 
when  with  Dr.  Arne  he  composed  the  music  of  three 
pieces  for  Drury  Lane  Theatre, — Alfred,  Robin  Hood,  and 
Queen  Mab.  lu  1766  he  brought  forward  at  Drury  Lane, 
The  Cunning  Man,  from  Rous^seau's  Dcvin  du  Village,  and 
adapted  to  his  (R.'s)  music.  In  1769  he  received  from 
Oxford  the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Music.  In  1770  he  tra- 
velled on  the  Continent  to  procure  materials  for  his  Gene- 
ral History  of  Music:  of  his  excursions  he  pub.  an  ac- 
count, entitled  The  Present  State  of  Music  in  France  and 
Italy,  <tc.  iu  1771,  8vo  ;  2a.  edit.,  1774,  8vo;  and  in  1773, 
2  vols.  8vo,  appeared  The  Present  State  of  Music  in  Ger- 
many, tfee.  Joel  Collier  burles<|ued  this  work  in  his  Mu- 
sical Travels  through  England,  Lou.,  1776,  8vo.  Johnson 
remarked,  when  referring  to  the  composition  of  his  Tour 
to  the  Hebrides, 

"I  had  the  musical  tour  of  that  clever  dog  Burney  in  my  eye." 

The  General  History  of  Music  from  the  earliest  ages  to 
the  present  period,  to  which  is  prefixed  a  Dissertation  on 
the  Music  of  the  Ancients,  appeared  in  4  vols.  4to,  Lon., 
1776-S9,  Sir  John  Hawkins's  work  on  the  same  subject 
was  pub.  complete  in  5  vols.  4to,  in  the  same  year  in  which 
the  1st  vid.  of  Burney's  History  made  its  appearance — 
1776.  We  find  the  following  comparison  of  their  merits 
in  the  Ilarmonicon  : 

"  Have  you  read  Sir  Jnhn  Hawkins's  History  ? 

Some  folks  think  it  quite  a  mystery ; 

Both  I  have,  and  I  aver 

That  ISurney's  History  I  prefer." 

The  Monthly  Reviewers,  whose  smile  was  joy,  and 
whose  frown  was  death,  to  many  a  trembling  author  of 
the  last  century,  give  the  preference  altogether  to  Burney  : 

•'To  Dr.  B.  the  praise  is  justly  due,  of  havini;  first  be^^un  to 
supply,  in  a  niaslerly  and  able  manner,  a  vacuity  in  our  English 
literature.  Thi-  hi-  ra\  vaiaiu-y.  indeed,  on  the  shelvos  of  a  library 
was  tilK-d  by  another  History  of  Music  before  this  was  compiled: 
but  the  woik  before  us,  we  hesitate  not  to  pronounce,  is  the  only 
one  yet  produced  of  its  kind,  in  our  own,  and.  we  believe,  in  any, 
language-  that  can  be  read  with  satisfaction  by  real  .judges  of  the 
subject:  the  only  one,  in  which  they  will  find  any  thing  approach- 
ing to  an  union  of  all  the  requisites  of  a  good  musical  historian  : 
— a  thorough  knowledge  of  the  subject ;  a  sound  and  unprejudiced 
judgmenl ;  oriti'-ism  equally  supported  by  science  and  by  taste., 
itnd  much  authentic  and  original  information,  rendered  more  in- 
teresting byac<-if;iin  'nnruity^v/hich  is  the  general  character  of 
Dr.  B.'s  manner  of  writing,  and  which  may  best  be  defined,  as  the 
diametrical  opposite  to  every  thing  that  we  call  dull  and  dri/.  We 
do  not  recollect  any  literary  undertaking,  of  equal  labour  both  in 
research  and  execution,  where  that  labour  is  more  apparent  to 
the  reader,  when  he  considers  the  work,  or  less  evident  while  he 
reads  it." 

This  last  compliment  is  one  of  the  most  graceful  which 
we  remember.     One  of  Burney's  biographers  remarks  : 

"  Between  the  two  rival  histories,  the  public  decision  was  loud 
and  immediate  in  favour  of  Dr.  Burney.  Time  has  modified  this 
opinion,  and  brought  the  merits  of  each  work  to  their  fair  and 
proper  level,— and  adjudging  to  Burney  the  palm  of  style,  nr- 
rangement,  and  amusing  narrative,  and  to  Hawkins  the  credit  of 
minuter  accuracy  and  deeper  research;  more  particularly  in  the 
points  interesting  to  the  antiquary,  and  the  literarv  world  in 
general." 

Dr.  Busby  pub.  in  1819  a  General  History  of  Music, 
abridged  from  the  works  of  Burney  and  Hawkins,  in  2 
vols.  8vo.  Dr.  Johnson  interested  himself  in  assisting  the 
researches  of  his  friend,  the  Musical  Doctor.  He  writes 
to  Dr.  Wheeler,  Nov.  2,  1778, 

'■  Dr.  Burney  who  brings  this  paper  is  engaged  in  a  History  of 
Music,  and  having  been  told  by  Dr.  Markham  of  some  MSS.  relat- 
ing to  his  subject,  which  are  in  the  library  of  your  college,  [Tri- 
nity,] is  desirous  to  examine  them.  He  is'my  friend:  and.  there- 
fore. I  take  the  liberty  of  entreating  your  favoui-  and  .tssistance  in 
his  inquiry :  and  can  assure  you.  with  great  confidence,  that  if  you 
knew  him.  he  would  not  want  any  intervenient  srilicitation  to  ot>- 
tain  the  kindness  of  one  who  loves  virtue  and  learning  as  you 
love  thiMH."' 

On  the  same  occasion,  he  invokes  the  good  offices  of 
Dr.  Edwards  in  behalf  of  Burney  : 

*' The  bearer.  Dr.  Burney.  has  had  some  account  of  a  Welsh 
manuscript  in  tbi^  Bodleian  library,  from  which  he  hopes  to  gain 
some  mat^M-ials  for  his  History  of  Music;  but  being  ignorant  of 
the  language,  is  at  a  loss  where  to  find  assistance.  I  make  no 
doubt  but  you,  sir.  can  help  him  throm;h  his  difficulties,  and. 
therefore,  take  the  liberty  of  recommending  him  to  your  favour, 
as  I  am  sure  you  will  find  him  a  man  worthy  of  every  civility  that 
can  be  shown,  and  every  benefit  that  can  be  conferred."  See  Bos- 
Well's  Life  of  Johnson. 


The  energy  and  industry  with  which  Burney  pur.?ued 
hi.s  laborious  undertaking,  merit  warm  comuiendation. 
The  four  massive  volumes  were  the  product,  he  tells  us, 
"of  moments  stolen  from  sleep,  from  reflection,  and  from 
an  occupation  which  required  all  the  author's  attention 
during  more  than  twelve  hours  a  day,  for  a  great  part  of 
the  year."     See  preface  to  the  General  History  of  Music. 

The  Commemoration  of  Handel  was  celebrated  at  West- 
minster Abbey  in  1782,  and  at  the  request  of  the  Earl  of 
Sandwich,  Burney  drew  up  a  history  of  this  occurrence, 
entitled  An  Account  of  the  Musical  Performances  in  West- 
minster Abbey  and  the  Pantheon,  in  Commemoration  of 
Handel,  Lon.,  1785,  4to.  In  1789  his  distinguished  friend, 
Edmund  Burke,  procured  for  him  the  situation  of  organist 
of  Chelsea  College.  In  1796  he  pub.  his  Memoirs  of  the 
Life  and  Writings  of  the  Abbot  Metastasio,  with  trans,  of 
his  Letters,  3  vols.  8vo.  This  was  a  subject  in  which  the 
doctor  took  a  deep  interest:  he  writes  to  his  daughter 
Fanny,  Madame  D'Arblay,  May  7,  1795 : 

"  I  am  hallooed  on  prodigiously  in  my  Metastasio  mania.  All 
the  critics — Warton.  Twining.  Nares.  and  Dr.  Charles — say  that 
his  Estrattn  <HV  Arte  I\>t.tica  d'Arist"tilr,  whicli  I  am  now  translat- 
ing, is  the  best  piece  of  dramatic  criticism  that  has  ever  been 
written.  'Bless  my  heart!'  says  Warton;  '  I,  that  have  been  all 
my  life  defending  the  three  unities,  am  overset.'  '  Ay.'  quoth  I. 
'  has  not  he  made  you  all  ashamed  of 'em?  You  learned  folks  are 
only  theorists  in  theatrical  matters,  but  Metastasio  had  sixty 
years'  successful  practice.  There !  Oo  to.' " — Diary  and  Letters  of 
Mtifiiime  d'Arhhiy,  vol.  vj.  36;  at  p.  98  see  reference  to  his  Poetical 
History  of  Astronomy. 

The  work  was  well  received : 

"  Let  it  not  be  a  reproach  to  our  estimable  biographer,  that  he 
has  described  with  the  voluminous  gravity  of  history,  a  group  of 
poets,  singers,  actors,  and  musicians.  It  is  well  that  a  work  of 
this  kind  should  make  its  appearance.  .  .  .  The  amusers  of  our 
leisure,  the  artists  of  our  pleasure.s.  may  justly  be  ranked  among 
the  benefactors  of  society.  Let  it  belong,  then,  to  the  muse  of 
feme,  to  elevate  monuments  over  their  remains,  and  to  strew 
tlowers  on  their  grave,  in  token  of  grateful  remembrance." — 
Monthly  BevifV).  1796. 

In  Phil.  Trans..  1779.  will  be  found  the  doctor's  Account 
of  an  Infant  Musician.  He  contributed  to  Rees's  Cyclo- 
pa?dia  almost  all  the  musical  articles,  for  which  he  re- 
ceived £1000,  Dr.  Burney  was  a  familiar  associate  of  the 
most  distinguished  literary  gentlemen  of  his  time.  Of  his 
children,  James  rose  to  the  rank  of  admiral,  Charles  was 
one  of  the  most  celebrated  Hellenists  of  his  age,  and  two 
of  his  daughters.  Frances  (Madame  D'Arblay)  and  Sarah 
Harriet,  were  novelists.  These  will  all  be  noticed  in  their 
order.  In  ls06  Dr.  B.  was  granted  a  pension  of  £300, 
and  in  1810  he  was  elected  a.  member  of  the  Institute  of 
France.  Mr.  Jlacaulay  justly  blames  Dr.  Burney  for 
causing  his  daughter  Frances  to  prolong  her  servitude  at 
Court  as  Keeper  of  the  Robes  : 

"  His  veneration  for  mvalty  amounted,  in  truth,  to  idolatry.  It 
can  be  conij)aiid  'inly  tu  tin-  L'rmvlling  superstition  of  those  Syrian 
devotees  will  I  iiiaiii'  \\u-\r  iliiMrrn  pass  through  the  fire  to  Moloch." 
Read  this  adniiraMr  ski't'li. — ■'■  Mai  lame  d'Arl'lay,"  in  Edin.  Re- 
view, January.  184^.  and  in  Macaulay's  Miscellanies. 

In  his  general  character,  however, 

"  Dr.  Burney  was  exemplary  in  all  the  relations  of  life ;  and  his 
manners  were  said  to  possess  all  the  graces  of  the  Chesterfield 
school,  without  any  of  its  formality,  or  vicious  alloy  nf  moral  and 
religious  laxity.  ...  As  a  composer,  his  merits  and  claims  are 
unquestionably  high." 

The  commendation  of  Sir  William  Jones  is  one  of  which 
any  one  might,  indeed,  be  proud  : 

"  Dr.  Burney  gave  dignity  to  the  character  nf  the  modern  musi- 
cian, by  joining  to  it  that  of  the  scholar  and  philosopher." 

Burney,  Charles,  Jr.,  D.D.,  17o7-1817,  a  son  of 
the  preceding,  was  a  native  of  Lynn,  Norfolk.  He  went 
to  the  Charter-house  in  1768,  and  from  thence  to  Cains 
College.  Cambridge  :  he  i)roeeeded  M.A.  in  1781:  LL.D. 
at  Aberdeen  in  1792:  D.D.  at  Cambridge  in  1808.  Ho 
was  for  some  time  engaged  in  an  academy  at  Highgate, 
and  afterwards  became  a.^^sistant  to  Dr.  Rose,  the  transla- 
tor of  Sallust.  at  Chiswick,  whose  daughter  he  mamed  in 
1788.  He  was  from  1  78."^  to  1800  a  contributor  of  classical 
articles  to  tho  Monthly  Review,  and  for  two  or  three  years 
was  editor  of  the  London  Magazine.  His  dissertation  in 
the  Monthly  Review  on  Porson's  Hecuba,  and  Wakefield's 
Diatribe,  was  received  with  great  respect  by  Hermann, 
Gaisford,  and  other  eminent  Grecians.  Appendix  ad 
Lexicon  Gr.  Lat.  a  Scapula,  etc.,  1789,  8vo  :  from  some  pa- 
pers formerly  in  A.skew's  possession.  Appendi.\,  contain- 
ing Remarks  on  the  Greek  Verses  of  Milton,  at  the  end 
of  J.  Warton's  edit,  of  Milton's  Minor  Poems,  1791,  8vo. 
Richardii  Bentleii  et  Doctorum  Virorum  Epistolae,  1807, 
4to.  Of  this  beautiful  work  only  200  copies  were  printed 
for  private  circulation.  Copies  have  sold  as  high  as  ten 
guineas.  Friedemann  reprinted  it  at  Leipsic  in  1825. 
Tentamen  dc  Metris  ab  Eschylo  in  Choricis  Cantibus  ad- 


BUR 


BUR 


hibitus,  1809,  8vo.     It  is  superfluous  tn  call  the  attention 
of  the  wcninfnrined  scholar  to  so  s<'h(thirliko  a  work. 

'•I'rofrmiid  si-linhiisliip  is  here  united  with  sm  in  wh  useful  plain- 
ness of  instniitinii,  that  we  earnestly  nvtiniiTifTiil  tiui  Tentamen  to 
the  upper  forms  in  our  great  seminaries  of  learning,  and  to  our 
young  mon  who  are  perusing  the  Lyric  compositions  of  Ancient 
Greece  at  the  uniTersitics." — Lon.  Monthbj  Review. 

Bishop  Pearson's  Exposition  of  the  Creed,  ahrid^erl,  for 
the  Use  of  young  Persons,  1810,  8vo;  2d  edit.  1812, 12mo. 
Philemonis  Lexicon  Technologicum  etc.  c  Biblioth.  Pa- 
risiens.  Lon.,  1812,  4to  and  Svo. 

''Philemon  lived  about  the  ninth  century.  The  Lexicon  of 
which  Villoisin  has  spoken  in  such  high  terms  of  approltntion,  and 
of  which  Ruhnken  had  given  some  extracts,  is  at  len-.-th  jmlilished 
for  the  first  time  by  Dr.  Charles  Burney,  from  the  -MS.  in  tlie  \a- 
tional  Library  at  Paris.  All  the  learned  are  aware  how  much  this 
important  Glossary  was  treasured  by  the  early  grammarians.  We 
are  under  great  obligations  to  the  editor  for  so  valuable  an  ac- 
cession to  classical  literature." 

So  discourses  the  Museum  Criticum,  but  Bast  calls  at- 
tention to  the  lact  that  the  whole  of  this  work  had  ori- 
ginally appeared  in  the  Lexicon  of  Plavorinus.  Osann 
reprinted  it  at  Berlin  in  1821.  Its  value  is  not  so  unques- 
tionable as  the  Museum  Criticum  would  have  us  believe. 

Sermon  preached  at  the  Anniversary  Meeting  of  the 
Stewards  of  the  Sons  of  the  Clergy,  at  St.  Paul's,  May 
14th,  1812;  Lon.,  1813,  4to.  The  list  of  the  Greek  writers 
in  Harris's  excellent  Catalogue  of  the  Lil)rary  of  the  Royal 
Institution,  was  drawn  up  by  Dr.  Burney. 

•■  Dr.  Charles  Burney  acquaints  Mr.  Harris  th;it  he  iln-w  up  the 
classical  catalogue  with  a  view  to  its  being  prhit>-d,  wh-ih'  and  en- 
tire. As  there  is  no  list  of  Greek  books  so  anii)le.  lu-  still  thinks 
that  its  publication  might  be  of  service  to  the  sale  of  the  R.  I. 
Catalogue;  but  readily  submits  the  matter  to  the  decision  of  the 
patrons." — Greemvich,  March  3,  1809. 

Consequently  the  list  was  pub.  in  the  2d  edit,  of  the 
Catalogue,  Lon.,  1821,  r.  Svo.  Let  the  Bidlioguaphical 
student  procure  it  without  delay. 

Burney,  Charles  Parr,  M.D.,  Archdeacon  of  Col- 
chester, and  Rector  of  Wickham.  Sermon  oa  2  Cor.  iii.  5 
Consecration  of  a  Bishop,  Lon.,  1816,  4to. 

Burney,  Frances.     See  B'Arblay.  Madame. 

Burney,  James,  Rear-Admiral  of  the  British  navy, 
1('39-1S21,  son  of  Charles  Burney,  Mus.  Doc,  performed 
two  voyages  of  discovery  with  Captain  Cook,  being  first 
lieutenant  in  Cook's  third  voyage.  On  Cook's  death  he 
acted  as  captain,  and  brought  the  "  Di.scovery"  home.  At 
the  request  of  his  friend.  Sir  Joseph  Banks,  he  undertook 
to  compile  a  Chronological  History  of  the  Discoveries  in 
the  South  Sea,  or  Pacific  Ocean;  with  a  History  of  the 
Buccaneers  of  America;  this  work  was  pub.  Lon.,  1803- 
17,  with  maps  and  charts,  in  5  vols.  Ito. 

*' This  digest  comprehends  all  the  voyages  in  the  South  Pea.  to 
the  reign  of  George  TTI.;  Ilawkesworth's  acmimt  nfConU's  First 
Voyage  following  without  any  chasm,  as  an  itiiiiiiili:ili*  si'iiuel." 

Mr.  Stevenson,  referring  to  this  work  and  Dalrymple's 
Collection,  remarks : 

'•Both  these  works  are  by  men  qualified  by  science,  learning, 
research,  and  devotedness  to  their  object,  to  perfonn  well  what  they 
undertook  on  any  subject  connected  with  geography  and  disco- 
very."— Hi.sloT-ical  Sketch,  etc. 

"  Burney's  is  a  masterly  digest  of  Voyages  in  the  South  Sea,  dis- 
playing a  rare  union  of  nautical  skill,  and  literary  research." — Lon. 
Quarierb/  Review. 

'•  L'introduction  renferme  une  relation  succinte  de  toutes  les 
decouvertes  faites  avant  le  voyage  de  Magellan.  L'auteur  a  coa- 
sulte  et  compare  k  cet  etfet  toutes  les  relations  qui  nous  restent 
sur  ces  d^couvertes;  mais  en  general,  il  a  suivi  celles  de  FS'in-ara 
et  de  PiLrafetta."  Voyez  Bibliothfeque  tiniverselle  des  Voyages.  Ac, 
par  G.  Boucher  de  la  Richarderie.     A  Paris.  1808,  6  vols.  Svo. 

Chronological  History  of  North-Eastern  Voyages  of 
Discovery,  and  of  the  early  Eastern  Navigations  of  the 
Russians,  1319,  Svo.  Plan  of  Defence  against  Invasiim, 
1796,  4to.  Measures  recommended  for  the  Support  of 
Public  Credit,  1797,  4to.  The  Burneys  were  all  favourites 
of  Dr.  Johnson.  We  have  seen  {ante)  how  much  interest 
ho  ftlt  in  the  father's  success.  It  is  pleasing  to  see  the 
following  evidence  that  his  regard  was  continued  to  the 
son  :  he  refers  to  Captain  Burney's  appointment  to  the 
**  Bristol,"  in  1781: 

'■  I  am  willing  to  hear,  however,  that  there  is  happiness  in  the 
world,  and  delighted  to  think  on  the  pleasure  diffused  among  the 
Burneys.  I  riuestion  if  any  ship  upon  the  ocean  goes  out  with 
more  good  wishes  than  that  which  carries  the  fate  of  Burney.'' — 
Letter  to  Mrs.  Tfiralf. 

Burney,  Richard,  Rector  of  St.  Peter's,  Canterbury. 
King  Charles  the  Second  presented  to  the  Houses  of  Par- 
liament in  their  next  Session  as  Strength,  Honour,  and 
Peace  of  the  Nations  j  delivered  in  eight  sermons,  Lon., 
(1660,)  4to. 

"Written  in  a  vaunting  and  bombast  style." — Lowndes. 

Burney,  Sarah  Harriet,  half-sister  to  Frances 
Burney,  was  also  a  novelist,  but  not  so  fortunate  in  gain- 
ing the  public  attention.     Geraldine  Fauconberg ;  a  Novel, 


1808,  3  vols.  12mo.  The  Wanderer,  or  Female  Difficulties, 
1814,  5  vols.  12mo.  The  Shipwreck;  being  vol.  i.  of  the 
Talcs  of  the  Fancy,  1815,  12nio.  Traits  of  Nature;  a 
Novel,  1812,  4  vols.;  2d  edit.,  LS12,  5  vols.  12mo. 

"  We  have  before  remarked  that  tngether  with  family  talents,  we 
discern  a  family  likeness  in  this  lady's  productions :  and  the  same 
idea  is  excited  by  the  volumes  before  us.  In  particular,  the  he- 
roine, Adela,  strikes  us  as  bearing  a  resemblance  to  Evdina,  in 
character  and  situation." — Xoh.  Monthly  Review,  IS13. 

"This  lady  has  copied  the  style  of  her  relative,  but  has  not  her 
rafiness  of  humour,  or  power  of  painting  the  varieties  of  the  hu- 
man spi-cies." — Chdinhcrs's  C'/chp(viiia  of  Enr/.  Lit. 

Buruey,  William,  LL.D.,  1762-1832.  Master  of  the 
Royal  Academy,  Gosport.  The  Naval  Heroes  of  (_!reat 
Britain,  1806,  12mo.  The  British  Neptune.  1806,  12mo. 
A  New  Universal  Dictionary  for  the  Marine,  enlarged  from 
Falconer,  1815,  4to.  Falconer's  work  was  pub.  1769,  and 
in  1771,  '80,  and  'SO,  4to. 

Burnham,  R.  G,,  an  American  author.  Cancelling 
Arithmetic.  Arithmetic  for  Common  Schools  and  Acade- 
mies.    Part  I,  Mental  Arithmetic. 

''The  philosophy  of  the  modo  of  teaching  adopted  in  this  work 
is:  Commence  where  the  child  commences,  and  proceed  as  the 
child  proceeds:  fall  in  with  his  own  mode  of  arriving  at  truth; 
aid  him  to  think  for  himself,  and  do  not  the  thinking  for  him." 

Part  Second,  Written  Arithmetic. 

"It  is  the  result  of  a  Inng  experience  in  teaching,  and  contains 
suflicient  of  arithmetic  for  the  practical  business  purposes  of  life." 

Burnham,  Richard.  Pious  Memorials;  or,  the 
Power  of  Religion  upon  the  Mind  in  Sickness  and  at 
Death,  Lon.,  1753,  8vo,  and  1S20.  Svo  ;  pub.by  Mr.  Burdcr. 
In  the  preface  to  this  work  will  be  found  some  u.-^eful 
anecdotes  and  devout  reflections  by  Mr.  Hervey,  author 
of  the  Meditations,  &c. 

Burns,  Allan,  a  native  of  Glasgow,  and  a  teacher  of 
anatomy  and  surgery.  Observations  on  Diseases  of  the 
Heart.  Illustrated  by  Cases,  Edin.,  1809,  Svo.  Obs.  on 
the  Surgical  Anatomy  of  the  Head  and  Neck,  1812,  Svo. 

Burns,  Arthur.  Method  of  Surveying,  Chester, 
1771,  Svo. 

Burns,  Jabez,  D.D.  The  Parables  and  Miracles  of 
Jesus  Christ.  Lon.,  12mo. 

"  An  admirable  volume,  full  of  the  loftiest  truths  and  the  most 
valualile  deductions  and  applications." — Lou.  Spfcta/or. 

400  Sketches  and  Skeletons  of  Sermons,  4  vols.  12mo; 
ditto  for  Special  Occasions,  1  vol.  12mo. 

"The  author  is  a  man  of  the  right  stamp;  watching  for  souls  as 
one  that  must  give  account." — Rrvivalist. 

Light  for  the  House  of  Mourning:  a  Book  for  the  Be- 
reaved.    Light  for  the  Sick  Room:  a  Book  for  the  Afflicted. 

"  An  excellent  book  for  the  invalid's  chamber." — Lon.  Baptist 
Mngazine. 

"A  treatise  benevolently  conceived,  powerfully  written,  and 
well  adapted  to  answer  the  ends  for  which  it  has  been  composed." 
— Lnn.  Mnminfj  Herald. 

Other  religious  works. 

Burns,  John,  M.D.,  Regius  Professor  of  Surgery  in 
the  University  of  Glasgow.  The  Principles  of  Surgery, 
Lon.,  1838,  2  vols.  Svo. 

"  A  very  comprehensive  treatise  on  the  principles  and  practice 
of  surgery." — Lon.  M-^dico-Ghirurgical  Review. 

Principles  of  Midwifery ;  10th  edit,  enlarged,  1843,  Svo. 
Treatment  of  Diseases  of  Women  and  Children,  Svo.  Guide 
to  Health,  12mo.  Principles  of  Christian  Philosophy,  6th 
edit,  1846, 12mo.  Christian  Fragments,  or  Remarks  on  the 
Nature,  Precepts,  and  Comforts  of  Religion,  1844,  f.  Svo. 

*■  We  recomnu-nd  this  volume  with  sincere  pleasure  to  our  read- 
ers as  an  admirable  manual  of  devotiou,  and  a  safe  companion  in 
seasons  of  distress." — Lrm.  Athenceum. 

Other  professional  works. 

Burns,  Robert,  b.  January  25,  1759,  d.  July  21. 
17915,  was  a  native  of  the  Parish  of  AUoway,  near  Ayr, 
Scotland.  His  father,  a  small  farmer,  sent  him  to  the 
county  .'ichool  in  the  neighbourhood,  where  he  acquired  a 
knowledge  of  the  English  branches,  to  which  he  subse- 
quently adiled  a  limited  acquaintance  with  Latin,  French, 
and  geometry.  Ho  eagerly  devoured  all  the  books  which 
fell  in  his  way,  and  Guthrie's  Grammar,  the  Gardener's 
Directory,  and  Ilervey's  Meditations,  engrossed  the  time 
spared  from  the  Seasons  of  Thomson  and  the  Plays  of 
I  Shakspeare.  When  about  16  he  "  first  committed,"  to  u.«e 
1  his  own  phraseology,  "the  sin  of  rhyme."  His  powers 
were  first  awakened,  as  is  usually  the  case  with  young 
poets,  by  an  affair  of  the  heart.  In  essaying  the  accents 
of  affection,  his  muse  found  its  voice,  and  the  gift  once 
discovered  was  not  Hkely  to  be  disregarded.  His  poems 
circulated  in  manuscript  through  the  ci>nntry,  and  were 
much  admired  by  his  rural  readers,  and  ho  had  no  incon- 
siderable fame  as  a  poet,  when  some  friends  persuaded 
him  to  publish  a  volume  in  order  to  defray  his  expenses  to 
Jamaica,  where  he  hoped  to  obtain  a  situation  as  overseer 
on  a  plantation.     His  first  project  had  been  emigration  to 

301 


BUR 

the  tTnited  States.  Accordingly  the  volume  was  pub,  in 
17S6,  8vo,  at  Kilmarnock,  and  met  with  great  success,  the 
600  copies  resulting  in  a  profit  of  £20,  which  was  a  small 
fortune  to  the  young  author.  Burns  now  engaged  his 
passage,  embraced  his  friends,  and  sent  his  chest  to 
Greenock  to  be  placed  on  board  a  vessel  bound  for  Ja- 
maica, when  he  received  through  a  letter  to  a  friend,  an 
imvitation  from  Dr.  Blacklock  to  visit  Edinburgh.  It  was 
accepted,  for — remarks  Burns — 

"  His  opinion  that  I  would  meet  with  encourajrement  in  Edin- 
Ijur^h  for  a  second  edition  of  my  poems,  tired  me  so  much,  that 
away  I  posted  for  that  city,  without  a  single  acquaiut.auce,  or  a 
single  letter  of  introduction." 

He  was  greatly  admired  in  Edinburgh.  Dr.  Robertson, 
Dugald  Stewart,  Henry  Mackenzie,  and  other  men  of  note, 
felt  a  pleasure  in  drawing  .admiring  crowds  round  the  rustic 
poet,  whose  conversational  abilities  struck  his  auditors  with 
as  much  surprise  as  they  had  experienced  from  the  perusal 
of  his  verses. 

"  It  needs  no  effort  of  imairination  to  conceive  what  the  sensa- 
tions of  an  isolated  set  of  scholars  (almost  all  either  clergymen  or 
professors)  must  have  l:ieen  in  the  presence  of  this  big-boned,  black- 
browed,  brawny  stranger,  with  his  great  flashing  eyes,  who  having 
forced  liis  way  among  them  from  the  plough-tail,  at  a  single  stride, 
manifested  in  the  wbole  strain  of  his  bearing  and  conver.s.ation,  a 
most  thorough  conviction  that  in  the  society  of  the  most  eminent 
men  of  his  nation,  he  was  exactly  where  he  was  entitled  to  be ; 
hardly  deigned  to  flatter  them  by  e.xhibiting  even  an  occasional 
symptom  of  being  flattered  by  their  notice:  by  turns  calmly  mea- 
sured himself  against  the  most  cultivated  understandings  of  his 
tiaie,  in  discussion  ;  overpowered  the  1>on  vujtf:  of  the  most  celebrated 
conTivi.alists  by  bruiid  floods  of  merriment,  impregnated  with  all 
the  burning  litV  of  g,-nius ;  astounded  bosoms  habitually  enveloped 
in  the  thricL-piled  folds  of  social  reserve,  by  compelling  them  to 
tremble — nay  to  tremble  visibly — iieneath  the  fearless  touch  of 
natural  pathos." — Lockhart. 

The  Bishop  of  Aberdeen,  whom  Burns  visited  when  in 
that  city  not  long  after,  gives  us  a  high  opinion  of  the  poet's 
power  of  interesting  hia  new  friends: 

■'  As  to  his  personal  appearance,  it  is  very  much  in  his  favour. 
He  is  a  genteel-looking  young  man.  of  good  address,  and  t.alks  with 
as  much  propriety  as  if  he  had  received  an  academical  education. 
He  lias,  indeed,  a  flow  of  language,  and  seems  never  at  a  loss  to 
express  himself  in  the  strongest  and  most  nervous  manner.  On 
my  quoting  with  surprise,  some  sentiments  of  the  Ayrshire  plmu- 
vinn.  '  Well.'  said  he.  '  and  a  plowman  I  was  from  my  youth,  and 
till  within  these  two  years  had  my  shoes  studded  with  a  hundred 
tackets.  But  even  then  I  was  a  reader,  and  h.ad  very  e.irly  made 
all  the  Knglish  poets  famili.ar  to  me.  not  forgetting  the  old  bards 
of  the  best  of  all  the  poetical  books,  the  Old  Testament.'"— Bis/iop 
,Sh-i/in€r's  LefUr  to  Ids  snn. 

A  second  edition  of  his  poems  was  pub.  at  Edinburgh  in 
1787,  2  vols.  8vo;  the  immediate  profit  of  which,  includ- 
ing copyright  and  subscriptions,  was  £700,  and  a  further 
sum  was  subsequently  received  by  the  successful  author. 
This  large  receipt  in  a  day  of  comparatively  few  readers, 
is  to  be  attributed  to  the  fact  that  many  sub.«cribers  volun- 
tarily paid  one  and  two  guineas  per  copy,  instead  of  the 
sis  shillings  required.  The  2800  copies  were  subscribed 
for  by  1500  individu.als.  At  Edinburgh  Burns  unfortu- 
nately acquired  those  habits  of  intemperance  and  associa- 
tion with  the  profligate  which  proved  his  bane.  He  returned 
in  1788  to  Ayrshire,  appropriated  £200  of  his  fortune  to 
the  relief  of  his  aged  mother  and  his  brother,  and  married 
Jean  Armour,  (his  "Bonny  Jean,")  an  old  acquaintance, 
the  daughter  of  a  mason  in  Mauchlin.  His  first  love, 
"  Highland  Mary,"  (Mary  Campbell.)  fell  a  victim  to  a  ma- 
lignant fever  when  making  preparations  for  her  marriage 
to  our  poet.  Ho  commemorated  her  in  his  touching  elegy 
'*  To  Mary  in  Heaven,"  in  language  which  will  outlast  the 
sculptured  marlde  and  storied  urn  of  the  noljle's  tomb.  By 
means  of  the  mistaken  friendship  of  Dr.  Wood,  Burns  was 
appointed  an  e-vciseman  or  ganger,  (worth  £70  per  annum,) 
which  threw  into  the  way  of  temptation  an  :ippctite  already 
soliciting  the  excitement  of  the  intoxicating  bowl.  A  be- 
nevolent gentleman,  Mr.  Peter  Millar,  leased  him  the  farm 
of  Ellisland,  on  the  banks  of  the  Nith,  in  Dumfriesshire, 
on  very  advantageous  terms,  and  he  had  every  encourage- 
ment to  lead  a  virtuous  life,  relieving  agricultural  toil  by 
converse  with  the  muse  ;  but  intemperance  had  now  become 
a  confirmed  habit,  and  rendered  him  an  easy  prey  to  a  fever 
which  carried  him  off  at  the  early  age  of  thirty-seven  years 
and  six  months.  He  had  removed  to  the  town  of  Dumfries 
in  1791.  In  1792  he  contributed  to  A  Select  Collection  of 
original  Scottish  Airs  for  the  Voice,  all  the  songs  which 
form  vol.  3d  of  the  edit,  of  his  works  in  'i  vols.  1 2mo.  He  pub. 
a  third  edit,  of  his  poems  at  Dumfries  in  1793.  He  also 
contributed  to,  we  may  almost  say  edited,  Mr.  J.ames  John- 
eon's  Scots'  Musical  Museum,  pub.  in  6  vols.,  1787-1803; 
in  1839  a  new  edit.,  with  Notes  and  Illustrations,  was  pub. 
An  ed.  of  Burns's  works  was  pub.  in  1798, 2  vols.  Svo.  Works, 
wiih  Life  and  Criticisms,  &c.,  by  James  Currie,  Liverp., 
1800,  4  vols.  8vo;  several  edits.  Bcliqucs,  Letters,  Ac,  by 
303 


BUR 

R.  H.  Cromek,  Lon.,  1808.  8vo.  Select  Scottish  Songs,  by 
R.  H.  Cromek,  Lon.,  1810,  2  vols.  Svo.  Works,  5  vols.  Svo. 
Poems  ascribed  to  Robert  Burns,  Glasg.,  1801,  8vo :  this 
vol.  contains  some  pieces  omitted  by  Currie,  who  left  out 
many  exceptionable  ones.  Letters  addressed  to  Clarinda, 
Glasg.,  1802,  12mo.  This  vol.  was  suppressed.  Heron's 
Memoirs  of  the  Life  of  Burns,  Edin.,  1797,  8vo.  Views  in 
North  Britain,  to  illustrate  the  Poems  of  Burns,  by  Storer 
and  Greig,  1805,  4to.  Poems,  with  Life,  Remarks  on  his 
writings,  ic,  1811,  2  vols.  Svo;  this  edit,  contains  many 
poems  and  letters  not  in  Carrie's  collection.  A  Critique  on 
the  Poems  of  Burns,  1812,  Svo.  Review  of  the  Life  of 
Burns,  by  Alex.  Peterkin,  Edin.,  1S15,  Svo.  A  Letter  rela- 
tive to  Currie's  edit,  of  Burns,  by  'William  Wordsworth, 
1816,  Svo.  The  Poems  and  Songs  of  Bums,  by  the  Rev 
Hamilton  Paul,  Glasg.,  1S19.  Works  of  Burns,  by  his 
brother  Gilbert  Burns,  1S20,  4  vols.  Svo.  A  Pilgrimage  to 
the  Land  of  Burns,  1822,  Svo.  A  Series  of  Illustrations 
of  the  Poems  of  Burns,  by  W.  Kidd.  The  Life  of  Burns, 
by  J.  G.  Lockhart,  Edin..  182S.  Svo;  5th  edit.,  Lon.,  1847, 
fp.  Svo.  Life  and  Works  of  Burns,  by  Robert  Chambers, 
1857,  4  vols.  Svo.  Up  to  the  present  year  (1858)  perhaps 
115  edits,  have  been  issued  in  all !  The  illustrated  edition 
by  Blackio  A  Son,  Edin.,  2  vols.  r.  Svo,  preceded  by  Prof. 
Wilson's  Essay  on  the  Genius  and  Character  of  Burns,  and 
Dr.  Currie's  Memoir  of  the  Poet,  with  Notes  and  Literary 
and  Pictorial  Hlustrations,  has  met  with  great  favour. 

"  It  is  all  that  the  admirers  of  the  national  Poet  can  desire ;  com- 
plete, accurate,  and  handsome."— i'^n.  MonUily  Beview. 

"The  Illustrations  are  executed  in  the  first  style  of  art.  and  the 
typographical  department  of  the  work  cannot  be  surpassed." — ion. 
AtUis. 

Allan  Cunningham's  edition,  (pub.  by  Henry  6.  Bohn,) 
with  Life  by  A.  C.  and  Notes  by  Sir  Walter  Scott,  Thomas 
Campbell,  Wordsworth,  and  Lockhart,  1S47,  contains  160 
pieces  more  than  are  to  be  found  in  Currie's  edition.  Mr. 
Bohn's  edit,  contains  848  pages,  whereas  one  pub.  in  similar 
shape  professing  to  be  "  the  only  complete  edition,"  contains 
but  504  pages,  the  matter  being  two-thirds  only  of  Bohn's 
edit.  In  the  latter  the  life  by  Cunningham  fills  164  pp. ; 
whilst  in  the  former  it  is  abridged  and  comprised  in  47 
pages.  It  is  an  interesting  fact  that  within  a  year  from 
the  publication  of  Burns's  Poems  in  Edinburgh,  1787,  two 
editions  were  pub.  in  the  United  States,  viz. :  in  New  York 
and  in  Philadelphia,  178S. 

The  melancholy  story  of  Burns  adds  another  to  the  dark 
catalogue  of  the  victims  of  the  arch-demon  Intemperance. 
When  will  men  learn  to  shun  all  companionship  with  that 
fell  enemy  which  "  steals  away  the  brains."  destroys  the 
peace,  and  blasts  the  reputation,  and  effectually  ruins  the 
bodies  and  souls  of  its  votaries? 

We  conclude  with  some  brief  extr.act5  from  opinions  on 
this  distinguished  son  of  song: 

'■  Burns  is  by  far  the  greatest  poet  that  ever  sprung  from  the  bo- 
som of  the  people  and  lived  and  died  in  an  humble  condition. 
Indeed,  no  country  in  the  world  but  Scotland  could  have  produced 
such  a  man:  aud'he  will  be  forever  regarded  as  the  glorious  reprt- 
sentative  of  the  genius  of  his  country.  He  was  born  a  poet,  if 
ever  man  was.  and  to  his  nativi-  g.niu.<  alone  is  owing  the  perpe- 
tuity of  his  fame.  For  he  manil.-stly  bad  never  deeply  studied 
poetry  asan  art.  nor  reasoned  much  about  its  principles,  nor  looked 
abroad  into  the  wide  ken  of  intellect  for  objects  and  subjects  on 
which  to  pour  out  his  inspiration The  strings  of  his  lyre  some- 
times yield  their  finest  musictothe  sighsof  remorse  or  repentance. 
■Whatever,  therefore,  be  the  faults  or  defects  of  the  poetry  of  Burns 
—and  no  doubt  it  has  many- it  has.  beyond  all  that  was  ever  writ- 
ten, this  greatest  of  all  merits,  intense,  life-pervading,  and  lili?- 
hreathiug  truth."— Prof.  Wilson's  iSsay  on  the  Genius  and  Clmradcf 

of  Burns.  ,,,,.,  ± 

"  All  tliat  remains  of  Burns,  the  writings  he  has  left,  seem  to  us 
no  more  than  a  poor  mutilated  fraction  of  what  was  in  him ;  brief, 
broken  glimpses  of  a  genius  that  could  never  show  itself  com- 
plete; that  wanted  all  things  ti>r  completeness:  culture,  leisure, 
true  etTort.  nay,  even  length  of  life.  His  poems  are,  with  scarcely 
any  exception",  mere  occasional  effusions,  poured  forth  with  little 
premeditation,  expressing,  by  such  means  as  offered,  the  passion, 
opinion,  or  humour  of  the  hour.  Never  in  one  instance  was  it 
permitted  to  gr.apple  with  any  sul)ject  with  the  full  collection  of 
his  strength,  to  fuse  and  mould  it  in  the  concentrated  fire  of  his 
genius.  To  try  by  the  strict  rules  of  art  such  imperfect  frag- 
ments, would  be  a't  once  unprofitable  and  unfair.  Nevertheless, 
there  is  something  in  these  poems,  marred  and  defective  as  they 
are.  which  forbids  the  most  fastidious  student  of  poetry  to  pass 
them  by.  .  .  .  Theexcellenceof  Burns  is.  indeed,  among  the  rarest, 
whether  in  poetry  or  prose;  but.  at  the  same  time,  it  is  plain,  and 
easily  recognised— his  indisputable  air  of  truth."— TnoM.is  Caeltu;  : 
EiHu.  RrvieWy  xlviii.  273. 

"The  rank  of  Burns  is  the  very  first  of  his  art."— Loan  BvaoN. 

"The  life  of  the  poor  peasant  is  very  interesting.  His  letters 
are  very  extraordinary.  Some  of  the  additional  songs  [pub,  in 
Currie's  edit.]  are  much  more  perfect  than  his  compositions  pub- 
lished during  his  life:  and  there  are  some  which  I  cannot  help 
numbering  amongst  the  happiest  productions  of  human  genius. 
. — Sir  .lAMES  .Mackixtosr. 

"  He  has  in  all  his  compositions  great  force  of  conception,  and 


BUR 

great  spirit,  and  animation  in  its  expression.  He  has  taken  a  larpe 
lan^e  throu^ti  the  rej^ion  of  Fancy,  and  naturalized  himself  in 
almost  atl  her  climates.  lie  has  great  humour, — great  powei-s  of 
description, — great  pathos, — and  great  discrimination  of  character. 
Almost  everything  that  he  says  has  spirit  and  originahty:  and 
every  thing  that  he  says  well  is  characterized  by  a  ch.arming  fa- 
cility, which  gives  a  grace  even  to  occasional  rudeness,  and  com- 
municates to  the  reader  a  delightful  sympathy  with  the  spontane- 
ous soaring  and  inspiration  of  the  poet," — Lord  Jeffrey. 

"Burns  was  in  truth  the  child  of  passion  and  feeling.  His 
character  was  not  simply  that  of  a  peasant  e.xalted  into  notice  by 
uncommon  literary  attainments,  but  bore  a  stamp  which  mus"t 
have  distinguished  him  in  the  highest  as  in  the  lowest  situation 
of  life.  .  .  .  When  his  soul  was  intent  on  suiting  a  javourite  air 
with  words  humorous  or  tender,  as  the  subject  demanded,  no  poet 
of  our  tongue  ever  displayed  higher  skill  in  marrying  melody  to 
Immortal  verse." — Lon.  Quarterly  Rcmiw,  i.  32. 

"The  prose  works  of  Burns  consist  almost  entirely  of  his  letters. 
They  bear,  as  well  as  his  poetry,  the  ,seal  and  impress  of  his  ge- 
nius: but  they  contain  much  more  bad  taste,  and  are  written  with 
far  more  app.arent  labour.  His  Poetry  was  almost  all  written  pri- 
marily from  feeling,  and  only  secondarily  from  ambition.  His 
letters  seem  to  have  been  nearly  all  composed  as  exercises  and  for 
display," 

"  We  are  yet  living  under  the  moral  influence  of  Burns,  and  are 
unaware  of  all  the  fruit  it  may  ripen;  we  see  his  breathing  and 
vivifying  spirit  everywhere  abroad.  Not  only  is  it  manifest  in 
the  philosophy  of  Wordsworth,  in  the  glorious  lyrics  of  Campbell, 
in  the  patriotic  melodies  of  Moore:  but  wherever,  in  the  vast  and 
crowded  haunts  of  labour  and  tiadc,  the  humble  artisan  feels  the 
sense  of  his  own  dignity — burns  with  the  desire  of  the  beautiful — 
is  haunted  with  the  dreams  of  knowledge, — gathers  up  the  daisy 
from  the  ploughshare,  and  estimates  at  their  true  distinctions  of 
value  the  '  guinea  stamp,' and  the'gowd' — there,  yet  glows,  ele- 
vates, and  inspires  the  royal  and  gentle  spirit,with  its  lion  courjlge 
and  dove-like  tenderness,of  Kobert  Burns," — Edin.  Review. 

"  As  a  poet  Burns  stands  in  the  front  rank.  Ills  conceptions 
are  all  original ;  his  thoughts  are  new  and  weighty:  his  style  un- 
borrowed ;  and  he  owes  no  honour  to  the  subjects  which  his  muse 
selected;  for  they  are  ordinary,  and  such  as  would  have  tempted 
no  poet,  save  himself,  to  sing  about,  AH  he  has  written  is  distin- 
guished by  a  happy  carelessness;  a  flue  elasticity  of  spirit:  and  a 
singular  felicity  of  expression: — by  the  ardour  of  an  impassioned 
heart,  and  the  vieour  of  a  clear  understanding.  His  language  is 
familiar,  yet  dignified ;  careless,  yet  concise ;  he  sheds  a  redeeming 
light  on  all  he  touches;  whatever  his  eye  glances  on  rises  into  life 
and  beauty.  Of  Beauty  itself  he  has  written  with  more  fervour 
and  inspiration  tb.an  all  other  modern  poets  put  together;  the 
compliments  he  p,ays  are  destined  to  live  while  we  have  loveliness 
in  the  Land.  He  is  the  poet  of  freedom  as  well  as  of  beauty;  his 
song  of  the  Bruce,  his  '  Man's  a  man  for  a'  that,'  and  others  of  the 

same  mark,  will  endure  while  the  language  lasts He  owes 

nothing  to  the  poetry  of  other  lands— he  is  the  offspring  of  the 
soil_:  he  is  as  natural  to  Scotland  as  the  heath  is  to  her  hills:  his 
variety  is  equal  to  his  originality;  his  humour,  his  gayety,  his 
tenderness,  and  his  pathos,  come  all  in  a  breath :  they  come  freely, 
for  they  come  of  their  own  accord :  the  contrast  is  never  offensive ; 
the  comic  slides  easily  into  the  serious,  the  serious  into  the  tender! 
and  the  tender  into  the  p.athetic." — All.^n  CnNNTxc!H.lM. 

Burns,  Robert,  son  of  the  preceding.  The  Cale- 
donian Musical  Museum,  a  Complete  Vocal  Library,  1809, 
12mo. 

Burns,  Robert,  one  of  the  ministers  of  Paisley. 
Letter  to  Rev.  Dr.  Chalmers  on  the  Protestant  and  Roman 
Catholic  Religions.  Paisley,  1818,  8vo,  Hist,  Dissert,  on 
the  Law  and  Practice  of  Great  Britain,  and  particularly  of 
Scotland,  with  regard  to  the  Poor,  2d  edit,,  Edin,,lS19,  8vo. 

"  Hardly  worth  notice,  the  useful  matter  being  of  limited  amount, 
and  buried  under  a  load  of  irrelevant  rubbish."— 3/cCV;&cA"5  Lit. 
of  Ptilit.  Ecmimni/. 

Burns,  Thomas.     Sermons  on  the  Fast,  1803,  8to. 

Burns,  Wm.  Tendency  of  Methodism,  2  pts.,  1810-12. 

Burnside,  A,  W.  Catechism  on  the  Common  Prayer, 
Lon..  IS).').  12mo. 

Burnside,  R.     The  Fruits  of  the  Spirit,  1805,  8to. 

Burnside,  Robert.  Eeligiou  of  Mankind,  Lon., 
1810,  2  vols,  8yo,  ' 

Burnyeat,  John.  Truth  E.^alted  in  the  Writings  of 
that  Eminent  and  Faithful  servant,  J.  Burnyeat,  1691,  4to, 

Burr,  Aaron,  1714-1757,  an  eminent  divine,  and  se- 
cond President  of  the  College  of  New  .Jersey,  was  a  native 
of  Fairfield,  Connecticut,  a  descendant  of  the  Rer.  Jona- 
than Burr  of  Suffolk,  England,  for  18  years  a  minister  at 
Dorchester,  Mas.sachusetts.  Aaron  Burr  married  in  1752 
a  daughter  of  the  celebrated  Jonathan  Edwards,  (his  suc- 
cessor in  the  Presidency  of  the  College,)  by  whom  he  h.id 
two  children,  viz,  Aaron,  late  Vice-President  of  the  United 
States,  and  a  daughter,  who  was  married  to  Judge  Reeve 
Mr,  Burr  was  one  of  the  principal  founders  of  the  College 
oyer  which  he  was,  in  17-tS,  upon  the  death  of  Jonathan 
Dickinson,  called  to  preside.  The  charter,  which  had 
never  been  carried  into  operation,  was  hy  Mr.  Burr's  in- 
fluence enlarged  by  Governor  Belcher,  Oct.  22,  1746,'and 
.Jonathan  Dickinson  was  appointed  President.  The  insti- 
tution was  first  established  at  Elizabeth  town,  then  removed 
to  Newark,  and  in  1757  to  Princeton,  The  first  commence- 
ment was  in  1748,  when  si.'c  young  men  graduated,  five  of 
whom  became  ministers.     See  Dicki.nson,  .Jonathan. 


BUR 

Mr.  Burr  pub.  1.  A  Treatise  entitled  The  Supreme  Deity 
of  our  Lord  Jesus  Christ  maintained,  in  a  Letter  to  the 
dedication  of  Mr,  Emlyu's  Inquiry;  this  was  reprinted  in 
1791.  2.  A  Fast  Sermon  on  account  of  the  encroachments 
of  the  French,  Jan.  1,  1755,  .3,  The  Watchman's  Answer 
to  the  Question,  "What  of  the  Night  ?"  a  sermon,  1756. 
4.  A  Funeral  Sermon  on  Governor  Belcher,  1757. 

"This  was  preached  but  a  few  days  before  his  own  death;  and 
his  exertions,  in  a  very  feeble  state  of  health,  to  honour  the  me- 
mory of  a  highly  respected  friend,  it  is  thought,  accelerated  that 
event.'  .See  Livingston's  Funeral  Elog. ;  Smith's  Serm.,  and  pref 
to  Burr's  Serm,  on  Belcher;  Miller,  ii.  345;  Edw-ards's Life,  app  ■ 
Green's  Disc,  300-313 ;  Savage's  Winthrop,  xi.  22;  Allen's  Amer 
Biog.  Diet. 

Burr,  Colonel  Aaron,  1756-1836,  Vice-President 
of  the  U.  States,  1801-05,  was  a  ,son  of  the  preceding. 
The  Private  Journal  of  Aaron  Burr  during  his  residence 
of  four  years  in  Europe,  with  Selections  from  his  Corre- 
spondence, by  Matthew  L.  Daris,  N,  York,  1838,  2  vols. 
8vo.  Memoirs  of  Aaron  Burr,  with  Selections  from  his 
Correspondence,  by  Matthew  L.  Davis,  1837,  '38,  2  vols,  8vo, 
Life  of  Aaron  Burr,  by  Saml,  L,  Knapp,  1835,  12mo,  Life 
and  Times  of  Aaron  Burr,  by  J,  Parton,  N,Y.,  1858,  8vo. 

Burr,  G.  D.  Instructions  iu  Practical  Surveying, 
Lon.,  1846;  2d  cd.,  p,  8vo :  for  the  use  of  young  officers, 
civil  and  military  engineers,  architects,  &e.  It  is  used  at 
the  Royal  Military  College,  Sandhurst. 

Burr,  Mrs.  Higford.  Sketches  in  Spain,  The  Holy 
Land,  Egypt,  Turkey,  and  Greece,  14  fine  plates,  Lon., 
1841,  imp,  Iblio.  These  plates  are  beautifully  coloured  in 
imitation  of  the  original  drawings:  pub,  at  six  guineas. 

Burr,  Thomas  Benge.  History  of  Tunbridge  Wells, 
Lon,,  1776,  8vo, 

"A  book  of  considerable  merit,  though  written  by  a  Journey- 
man Bookseller." — W.\tt. 

"A  well-written  and  entertaining  work." — Lowndes. 

Burrel,  Alexander.     Assize  Sermon,  1725,  8vo. 

Burrel,  Andrew.  Proposals  for  a  Critical  Analysis 
of  all  the  Hebrew  and  Chaldaic  Words  in  the  Old  Testa- 
ment, Lon,,  1738,  8vo. 

Burrel,  J.     Letter,  1810.     Sermon,  1812. 

Burrel, George.  Charities,  Ac.  of  Hartford,  1809, 8vo. 

Burrel,  John.  Divine  Right  of  Kings,  Serm.,168.3,4to. 

Burrell,  Percival.     Sermon,  Lon.,  1629,  4to. 

Burrell,  Lady  Sophia,  d,  1802,  a  daughter  of  Sir 
Charles  Raymond,  m.arried  in  1773,  "with  a  fortune  of 
£100,000,"  Sir  William  Burrell,  who  died  1796,  In  1797 
she  m.arried  the  Rev,  William  Clay  of  Nottinghamshire. 
Poems,  Lon,,  1793,  2  vols.  8vo.  The  Thvmbriad,  from 
Xenophon's  Cyropa?dia,  1794,  8vo.  Telemac'hus,  1794,  8vo. 
Theodora,  or  the  Spanish  Daughter ;  a  Tragedy,  1800,  8vo. 
Maximian  ;  a  Tragedy  from  Corneille,  1800,  Svo,  The 
Test  of  Virtue,  and  other  Poems,  1811,  Svo. 

"Lady  Burrell's  poetical  talents  do  honour  to  her  pen.  .  .  .  She 
has  attempted  the  ludicrnm  and  the  satirieal.  not  without  success; 
and,  in  several  sketches  from  nature,  she  has  shown  herself  a  po- 
etical Teniers," — Lem.  Mtjnihhj  Bevieiv.  1793. 

Burrell,  William.     Assize  Sermons,  1712,  8vo. 

Burrhus.     See  Bui!Roi-ghs,  Sir  John,  Knt, 

Burridge,  Ezekiel.  Historia  Nupera;  Rerum  Mu- 
tationis  in  Anglia.  Londini,  1697,  Svo. 

Burridge,  Richard.  The  Faith  of  a  Converted 
Atheist,  Lon.,  1712,  Svo, 

Burrill,  Alexander  M.,  born  in  the  city  of  New  York. 
Graduated  at  Columbia  College,  1824.  Studied  law  under 
Chancellor  Kent.  Admitted  to  the  Bar  in  the  State  of 
New  York,  1828.  1.  A  Treatise  on  the  Practice  of  the 
Supreme  Court  of  the  State  of  New  York.  2  vols.  Svo, 
1840 ;  a  second  edition,  much  enlarged,  3  vols.  Svo,  1S46. 
This  work  is  favourably  reviewed  in  the  U,  S,  Law  Maga- 
zine fur  July,  1850.  2.  A  Law  Dictionary  and  Glossary, 
2  vols,  r,  Svo,  1850. 

"  It  is  the  most  complete  and  perfect  work  of  the  kind  that  has 
fallen  under  my  observation,  and  cannot  fail  to  be  hi'jhly  useful, 
not  only  to  the  student,  but  also  to  the  experienced  practitioner. 
No  law  library  should  be  without  it.  It  is  a  work  that  need  only 
bo  known  to  be  appreciated."— S.  Nelson,  Justice  of  the  Supreme 
Cenirt  of  the  United  States. 

Very  favourable  reviews  of  this  Law  Dictionary  will  be 
found  in  the  Penn.  Law  Journal,  Nov.,  1850;  U.S.  Law 
Mag.,  July.  1850— April,  1851  ;  Boston  L.aw  Reporter, 
March,  1851 ;  New  York  Code  Reporter,  May,  1851 ;  Lon. 
Legal  Examiner,  Dec,  1853;  Kent's  Commentaries,  7th 
edit,,  vol.  i.  p.  559 ;  Ac.  3.  A  Treati.se  on  the  Law  and 
Practice  of  Voluntary  Assignments  for  the  benefit  of  Cre- 
ditors, Svo,  1S53.  4,  A  Treatise  on  Circumstantial  Evi- 
dence, Svo,  1856, 

Burrington,  George,  Governor  of  South  Carolina. 
Answer  to  Dr,  Win.  Brackenridge's  Letter  concerning  the 

303 


BUR 


number  of  inhabitants  within  the  London  Bills  of  Mor-  I 
tality,  1767,  8vu. 

BurriniStoii,  Gilbert,  Prebendary  of  Exeter.  Rector 
of  Woodleifjh,  and  Vicar  of  Chudleigh.  An  Arrangement 
of  the  Genealogies  in  the  Old  Testament  and  Apocrypha, 
Ac,  Lon.,  lSo6,  2  vols.  4to. 

"  A  very  el.iborate  work,  illustrated  by  copious  notes,  critical, 
philologiciil.  and  explanatory,  which  are  the  result  of  lonj;  and  l.v 
borious  study,  and  which  materially  elucidate  many  verbal  and 
chronological  difficulties."  See  T.  II.  Home's  Introduction,  and 
Lowndes's  Brit.  Lil)rarian"s  (luide.  340. 

Burrish,  Ousloiv.  Ilatavia  lUustrata,  Lon.,  1729, 
8vo :  Policy  .and  Commerce  of  the  United  Provinces. 

Burritt,  Elihu,  h.  lull.  New  Britain.  Conn.,  known 
as  the  Learned  Blacksmith.  He  acquired  a  knowleilgc 
of  the  Hebrew,  (ireek,  Syriac,  Spanish.  Danish,  Bohemian, 
and  Polish  languages.  In  1842  he  translated  some  of 
the  Icelandic  sagas.  Contrih.  to  the  Amer.  Eelec.  Rev. 
a  series  of  translations  from  the  Samaritan,  Arabic,  and 
Hebrew.  In  1S43  he  began  the  study  of  the  Ethiopic, 
Persian,  and  Turkish  langu.iges:  the  Latin  and  French 
he  studied  while  an  apprentice  to  his  trade.  His  works 
are:  Sparks  from  the  Anvd;  A  Voice  from  the  Forge; 
Thoughts  and  Things  at  Home  and  Abroad,  1854;  Peace- 
Papers  for  the  People ;  and  Miscellaneous  Works,  Lon., 
12mo.  He  has  been  the  editor  of  many  journals,  and  has 
travelled  and  lectured  throughout  Europe  and  America. 

Burritt,  Elijah  H.,  brother  of  the  preceding.  Log. 
Arithmetic.     Geography  of  the  Heavens :  many  edits. 

Burrough,  Edward,  1634-1668,  a  native  of  West- 
moreland, embraced  Quakerism,  and  laboured  for  its  ex- 
tension with  great  zeal.  Ho  was  imprisoned  in  Newgate 
for  preaching,  and  died  there.  Visitation  of  Ireland,  by 
E.  B.  and  Francis  Howgill,  Lon.,  16.i6,  4io.  Message  to 
the  Present  Rulers  of  England.  1659,  4to.  Wholesome 
Informatiim  to  the  King  of  Engl.ind,  1660,  fol.  He  did 
not  shrink  from  bearing  his  testimony  both  to  Cromwell 
and  Charles  II.,  and  obtained  from  the  latter  an  order  to 
stop  the  persecutions  which  his  sect  were  suffering  from 
in  New  England.  Ho  pub.  several  other  treatises.  His 
works  were  collected  in  1  vol.  fol. :  The  Memorable  Works 
of  a  Son  of  Thunder  and  Consolation,  1672.  This  is  now 
very  rare,  and  held  at  a  high  price. 

Bitrroiigh,  G.  F.     Narrative  of  the  Retreat  of  the 

British  Army  from  Burgos  ;  in  a  series  of  Letters,  1814.  Svo. 

Burroiigh,   Henry,    Prebendary   of   Peterborough. 

Lectures  on  the  Catechism,  Confirmation,  and  Religious 

Vows,  1773,  8vo. 

Burroiigh,  James,  M.D.  A  Case  of  Bulinea,  Phil. 
Trans.,  17110. 

Burrough,  John.     Visitation  Sermon,  1718,  8vn. 
Burroughes,  Edward.     Essays  on  Priictical  Hus- 
bandry and  Rural  Economy,  1820,  8vo. 

''  His  attention  was  much  turned  upon  ^reen  crops,  which  he 
raised  and  used  very  systematicilly  aud  successfully.  The  author 
was  not  carried  away  by  any  reverie,  or  visionary  schemes;  sulj- 
stantial  utility  was  close  behiud  every  practice,  and  sanctioned 
every  opcratinn." — Dtiitahhon's  AftriatU.  liifij. 

Burroughes,  Jeremiah,  1699-1646,  a  Puritan  di- 
vine, educated  at  Cambridge,  was  ejected  for  Nonconform- 
ity. Rector  of  Titshall,  1631;  Minister  at  Rotterd.im; 
preached  at  Stepney  and  Cripplegate,  1642.  E.Kcellency 
of  a  Generous  Spirit,  Lon.,  1639,  Svo.  Moses,  1641,  4to. 
Exposition  of  the  Three  First  Chapters  of  Hosea;  ncwed., 
with  Notice  of  the  Author,  by  James  Sherman.  1843,  Svo. 
*•  A  very  practical  and  doctrinal  work:  does  not  include  the  last 
chapter;  but  Bisliop  Reynulda  and  Dr.  Sil>bs  have  expositions  on 
that  chapter."— BlCKLBs'lETU. 

The  Rare  Jewel  of  Christian  Contentment,  1649,  4to  ; 
new  edit.,  1845. 

"  This  Hare  Jewel  is  truly  a  jewel,  which  still  shines  as  bright 
as  ever." 

It  is  highly  commended  by  Goodwin,  Simpson,  Green- 
hill,  Bridge,  and  many  of  the  principal  writers  of  his  time. 
He  pub.  some  other  theological  treatises. 

"  Jeremiah  Burroughes  was  a  writer  of  much  piety,  good  sense, 
and  evangelical  matter."'— BicKEESTErn, 

As  a  preacher,  also,  he  was  greatly  admired  : 
"  Baxter  used  to  say  that,  if  all  rresbyterians  had  been  like  Mr. 
Marshall,  and  all  Independents  like  Mr.  Burroughes,  their  differ- 
ences mi'iht  easily  have  been  cnnipromised.' 

Burroughs',  E.  II.  and  H.  B.  Gresson.  The  Irish 
Equity  Pleader,  Dubl..  1842,  Svo. 

Burrouglis,  Francis.  Epistle  to  James  Barry, 
ISOft.  Sv(.. 

Burroughs,  James.     Occasional  Serms.,  1733,  Svo. 
'■  Serious,  elaborate,  and  useful  discourses."— Dr.  DoDDRinoE. 
Burroughs,  Jeremiah.    View  of  Popery,  1716,  Svo. 
Burroughs,  John.     Devout  Psalmodist:   2  Serms., 
1813,  Svo. 
3U1 


BUR 

Burroughs,  Borough,  or  Burrhus,  Sir  John, 

d.  1643;  was  knighted  1624;  made  Garter  King-at-Arms, 
1  (;.5'3.  Impetus  Juveniles  et  qusedam  iSelectiores  aliquan- 
tulum  Animi  Epistola;,  1643,  Svo.  Among  the  principal 
names  are  those  of  Philip  Bacon,  Sir  Francis  Bacon, 
Thomas  Farnabie,  Thomas  Coppin.  and  Sir  Henry  Spel- 
man.  The  Sovereignty  of  the  British  Seas,  proved  by 
Records,  History,  and  the  municipall  Lawes  of  the  King- 
dom :  written  in  the  year  1633,  Lon.,  1661,  12mo.  Wood 
informs  ns  that  Sir  John  made  A  Collection  of  Records  in 
the  Tower  of  London. 

Burroughs,  Joseph,  1684-85-1761,  anative  of  Lon- 
don, educated  at  the  University  of  Leyden.  pastor  of  a 
Baptist  congregation.  Barbican,  London.  1717,  was  a  man 
of  considerable  learning.  Two  Discourses  on  Private  In- 
stitutions; concerning  Baptism,  Lon.,  1742,  Svo.  Ser- 
mons, pub.  separately.  1713-55. 

Burroughs,  Samuel.  History  of  the  Chancery : 
relating  to  the  Judicial  Power  of  that  Court,  and  Rights 
of  the  Master,  Lon.,  1726,  12mo. 

"  Lord  King  was  so  much  pleased  with  the  work  that  he  re- 
warded the  author  with  a  mastership  in  Chancery." — Coopet-'s  Ve- 
ficts  nf  Cliiuicrry. 

Legal  Judicature  in  Chancery  stated,  Ac,  Lon.,  172 1, 
Svo.  In  this  work  the  author  is  said  to  have  had  the  as- 
sistance of  Mr.  (afterwards  Bishop)  Warburton. — Hurd's 
Life  of    Warburton. 

Burroughs,  Stephen.  Life  of,  by  himself.  A  book 
once  very  popular  in  New  England;  repub.  In  Pbilo., 
1848. 

Burroughs,  or  Burroughes,  Thomas.  A  Sove- 
rain  Remedy  for  all  kin, is  of  Grief.  Ps.  xxxix.  9,  1662,  4to. 
Burroughs,  W.  K.  Lectures  on  Genesis,  1S48. 
Burrow,  Edward  J.,  D.D.  Elements  of  Conchology, 
Lon.,  1S15,  'IS.  Svo.  Hours  of  Devothin  ;  trans,  from  the 
German,  1830,  Svo.  Remarks  on  the  Elgin  Marbles,  Svo. 
Scholar's  Companion  to  the  Bible,  12mo.  A  Summary  of 
Christian  Faith  and  Practice.  1822,  3  vols.  12mo. 

"Confirmed  by  references  to  the  text  of  Holy  Scripture;  com- 
pared with  the  liturgy,  articles,  and  homilies  of  the  Church  of 
England ;  and  illustrated  by  extracts  from  the  chief  of  those  works 
which  received  the  s.anction  of  public  authority,  from  the  time  of 
the  Reformation,  to  the  final  revision  of  the  established  formular 
ries." 

Burrow,  Edward  J.  Book  of  Rates  on  Merchan- 
dise, Glasg..  1774.  fol. 

Burrow,  Sir  James,  1701-17S2,  appointed  Master 
of  the  Crown  Office  in  1724,  held  this  office  until  his  death, 
making  the  long  term  of  58  years.     During  the 

"Memoralile  presidency  of  the  great  Earl  of  Mansfield,  Sir 
James  seems  to  have  been  the  first  reporter  of  law  cases." 

Reports  in  K.  B.  in  the  time  of  Lord  Mansfield,  1756- 
72,  Lon.,  1766,  5  vols,  fob;  5th  edit.,  with  notes  and  refer- 
ences, by  Serjeant  HUl,  Lon.,  1S12,  5  vols.  Svo.  American 
edits.,  Phila.,  1808,  5  vols.  Svo;  condensed  in  2  vols.  Svo, 
New  York,  1833.  These  reports  are  highly  valued  as  the 
faithful  repositories  of  Lord  Mansfield's  decisions.  Bm-- 
row  was  a  constant  attendant  at  the  King's  Bench. 
"  The  material  fiiets  of  the  cases  are  luminously  detailed." 
"  The  great  reputation  of  the  judge  whose  decisions  Burrow  re- 
cords will  preserve  the  reporter's  n.ime,  like  the  column  designed 
to  perpetuate  the  fame  of  some  illuiti  ions  action,  or  the  memory 
of  a  great  name."  See  Marvin's  Legal  Bibb;  Bridgman's  Legal 
Bibl.;  Broi^ke's  Bibl.  Leg. ;  Hoffman's  Legal  Study. 

Sir  James  pub.  Anecdotes  and  Observations  relating  to 
Cromwell  and  his  Famil}',  1763,  4to,  and  some  other 
works.  Questions  concerning  Literary  Property  in  the 
case  Miller  v.  Tayh.r.  1773.  4to,  will  be  found  at  greater 
length  in  the  Reports,  vol.  iv. 

Burrow,  Reuben,  d.  1791,  a  mathematici.an,  was  a 
native  of  Hoberley,  Yorkshire.  Restitution  of  Apollo- 
nins  on  Inclinations ;  Doctrine  of  Projectiles,  Ac,  Lon., 
1773,  4to.  Short  Account  of  Mr.  Burrow's  Measurement 
of  a  Degree  of  Longitude  and  one  of  Latitude,  1796. 
Some  of  his  papers  will  lie  found  in  the  Asiatic  Transac- 
tions. He  was  engaged  in  making  a  trigonometrical  sur- 
vey of  Bengal  at  the  time  of  his  death. 

BurroAV,   Robert.      Happy    Influences   of  Society, 
merely  Civil;  a  serm.,  1723,  Svo.     Scrm.,  1729,  Svo. 
Burrowes,  Amyas.     Modern  Encyclopaedia,  1816. 
Burrowes,  George,  born  at  Trenton,  N.  J.,  ISll. 
Commentary  on  the  Song  of  Solomon.      Contributor  to 
the  Princeton  Review,  Ac 

Burrowes,  J.  F.  Piano-Forte  Primer,  Lon.,  12mo. 
Thorough-Bass  Primer.  12mo. 

Bnrrowes,  Robert,  D.D.,  Dean  of  Cork.     A  Serm., 

1795.  Svo.     Sermons  on  the  First  Lessons  of  the  Sunday 

Morning  Service;  with  4  Serms.  on  other  subjects,  1817,  Svo. 

"  In  which  sound  doctrine,  earnest  exhortation,  close  reasoning, 

depth  of  pathos,  and  forcible  apphcation,  are  sevendly  exhibited. 


BUR 

The  language  throutrhnut  is  simple,  yet  eloquent,  and  the  style, 
nervous,  chaste,  and  dignified." — Cfin'stian  Remfmhrancer. 

Twelve  Discourses  on  the  Liturgy  of  the  Church  of  Eng- 
land, delivered  in  the  Cathedral  of  St.  Fin-Barr,  Cork, 
1834,  8vo. 

Burrows,  G.  Mann,  M.B.,  member  of  the  Koyal  Coll. 
of  Physicians  of  Lon.,  Ac.  Commynturies  on  the  Causes, 
Forms,  Symptoms,  and  Treatment  of  Insanity,  Lon.,  8vo. 

"  Many  persons,  professional,  as  well  as  extra-professional,  have 
naturally  been  desirous  to  learn  from  him  to  what  method  he  has 
been  indebted  for  such  eminent  success.  We  have  no  doubt  that 
they  will  find  thi-ir  wishes  most  fully  gratified  by  a  perusal  of  this 
division  of  his  Treatise,  in  which  the  plan  of  tre-atment  has  been 
unfolded  with  great  simplicity,  perspicuity,  and  judgment." — 
Edin.  Med.  ami  Surg.  Jour.,  Jan.  and  April,  1829. 

"It  is  a  work  containing  an  immense  collection  of  important 
practical  information  from  various  souices.  digested  and  commented 
on  by  a  man  of  sound  judgment,  accurate  observation,  and  exten- 
sive experience." — M'dico-Chirurgiad  Rii'ifW,  N'rv.  \%2^. 

''  A  faithful  guide  to  the  younger  practitioner,  and  a  useful  com- 
panion to  those  of  maturer  years."— Dr.  Campbell,  Physician  Ui 
tlie  L.  C.  Lunatic  Asylum. 

''Your  invaluable  work  on  Insanity  more  minutely  and  intelli- 
gibly details  the  causi-s  and  treatment  of  that  important  malady, 
in  all  its  modifications  and  forms,  than  any  I  have  heretofore  read. 
It  will  in  future  be  my  text-book,  and  I  am  sure  my  best  guide." — 
Le((''rfirmi  Dr.  Penninglnn,  Phy.  in  the  Nultingkam  Lunatic  Asylum. 
Dr.  Burrows  has  also  pub.  a  treatise  On  Disorders  of  the 
Cerebral  Circulation,  Lon.,  1843,  8vo,  pp.  236. 

"  M'e  have  derived  much  gratification  from  the  perusal  of  Dr. 
Burrows's  very  able  work,  and  strongly  recommend  its  perus-il  to 
our  readers.  It  is  replete  with  interesting  and  practically  useful 
farts,  and  well  supports  the  author's  reputation  as  a  careful  and 
judicious  observer." — Medical  Gazette. 

Burrows,  J.,  M.D.  Essay  on  Cancers,  1767,  8vo. 
Trans,  of  a  medical  treatise  by  M.  De  Velnos,  1770,  8vo. 

Burscou^h,  Robert,  Treatise  of  Church  Govern- 
ment, Lon..  1692,  Svo.  A  Discourse  of  Schism,  1699,  Svo. 
Other  treatises. 

Burscou^h,  Wm.,  D.D.,  d.  1755,  consecrated  Bishop 
of  Limerick.  172o.    Sermon?;  pub.  separately,  1715,  '16,  '22. 
Burslein,  Captain  RoUo,  R.A.    A  Peep  into  Toork- 
isthan,  Lon.,  Svo,  1846. 

"  It  is  to  our  minds  one  of  the  most  sterling  books  we  have  had 
since  Eothen." — Cimhridge  and  Oxfird  Rfview. 

Bursleni,  WiHoujSrhby  M.,  M.D.,  senior  phy.sician 
to  the  Blenheim  street  Dispensary.  Pulmonary  Consump- 
tion and  its  Treatment,  p.  Svo. 

•'  We  find  a  series  of  original  and  important  observations  on  the 
state  of  the  periodical  functions  of  the  female  in  relation  to  the 
development  and  treatment  of  phthisis,  and  a  commentary  on  the 
various  phenomena  of  the  disease,  which  impress  us  with  the  con- 
viction that  the  author  is  as  painstaking  in  his  literary  pursuit  of 
knowledge  as  he  is  evidently  a  practical  physician." — Lrin.  Lancet 

Bnrt,  Adam,  Surgeon.     Med.  treati.=ies,  17.'i5,  '08. 

Burt,  Captain  Edward.  Letters  from  a  Gentleman 
in  the  North  of  Scotland  to  his  Friend  in  London.  Lon., 
1754.  2  vols.  Svo;  1757.  2  vols.  Svo;  1759.  2  vols.  Svo; 
1815,  2  vols.  Svo;  with  large  Appendix,  Introduction,  and 
Notes,  by  R.  Jamieson.  Edin.  and  Lon.,  1S18,  2  vols.  Svo. 
Sir  Walter  Scott  contributed  some  "curious  materials"  to 
this  edition  of  this  valuable  work.  See  Lockharfs  Life  of 
Scott,  Index;  Scott's  Poetical  Works,  vol.  yiW.,  passim; 
'Scott's  Prose  Works,  vol.  xx.  21,  n.,  Ac. 

Burt,  John  T.     Results  of  the   system  of  Separate 
Confinement,  as  administered  at  the  Pentonville  Prison, 
bv  J.  T.  B..  .Assistant  Chaplain,  Lon.,  1852,  Svo. 
'  Burt,  Capt.  Richard,  R.X.    Proc.  on  Thtesns,  1809. 

Burt,  William.  Olis.  on  Banka,  ISIO,  Svo.  Rambles 
in  London.  ISU.  Svo.  Conseq.  of  the  French  Revolution 
to  Enj^laml  Considered,  1811,  i2rao. 

Burt,  William.  Christianity;  a  Poem,  Lon.,  Svo. 
Miscellaneous  Papers  on  Scientific  Subjects,  p.  Svo.  Ob- 
servations on  the  Curiosities  of  Nature,  p.  Svo. 

Burtenshaw.     Letters  to  Lord  Mansfield.  1781,  4to. 

Burthog^e,  Richard,  M.D.  Of  infernal  Torments. 
Lon.,  1675.  Svu.  On  Divine  Goodness.  1670.  Svo.  Of 
Reason  and  Truth,  1(578,  8vo.  Of  the  Soul  of  the  AVorld ; 
in  a  Letter  to  John  Locke,  1699,  Svo.  Essay  upon  Hu- 
man Reason,  and  the  Nature  of  Spirits,  1694.  Svo. 

'In.  this  essay  the  author  has  advanced  many  things  wholly 
new,  ("more  especially  where  he  treats  of  the  way  and  manner  how 
spirits  do  app^ar.^  and  concludes  with  reflections  on  Dr.  Sherlock's 
notion  about  individuation." 

"This  person,  who  always  kept  pace  with  the  fanatics,  tempo- 
rized with  the  papists  in  the  rei'jn  of  King  Jauies  II..  and  there- 
fore was  madi*  a  Justice  of  peace  for  Devonshire,  which  oflSce  he 
Itept  under  King  Will.  III.,  as  being  a  favourer  of  Cinalics.  lie  is 
looked  upon  as  a  person  of  considerable  learning,  and  of  no  less 
pride  and  amhitinn."     See  Bliss's  Wood's  Athen.  Oxon. 

Burton,  Mrs.  Laura,  or  the  Orphan  ;  a  Novel,  1797, 
2  vols.  12nio.     The  Fugitive;  a  Novel,  2  vols.  12mo. 

Burton,  B.     Jesus  Christ  God  and  Man;  a  serm.  on 
Phil.  ii.  6,  7,  1756,  Svo.     Active  and  Passive  Righteous- 
ness of  Christ ;  three  sermons  on  Jerem.  xxiii.  6, 1763, 12mo. 
20 


BUR 

Burton,  Charles.  Journal  of  a  Voyage  from  Lon- 
don to  Madeira,  New  Providence,  and  back  to  London, 
Lon.,  1805,  Svo. 

Burton,  Charles.  Lectures  on  the  World  before  the 
Flood,  Svo ;  On  the  Deluge  and  World  after  the  Flood, 
Svo;  On  the  Millennium,  12mo,  1841,  '44, '45. 

"  We  have  perused  these  lectures  with  considerable  satisfiiction, 
as  furnishing  a  practical  illustration  of  the  infinite  wisdom,  power, 
and  goodness  of  the  Creator,  and  of  the  agreement  of  science  with 
the  imperishable  record  of  revelation." — ^Yesleyan  Methixlist  Mag. 

Burton,  Charles  James.  Sermon,  Lon.,  1S19,  Svo. 
A  View  of  the  Creation  of  the  World,  in  illustration  of  tho 
Mosaic  Record.  See  Dr.  William  Buckland,  Georgk 
Fairholmk,  and  George  Bugg. 

Burton,  Edmund,  a  Fellow  of  Trinity  College,  Cam- 
bridge, adopted  tlio  Law  as  a  profession,  and  classical  re- 
searches as  a  recreation.  The  Satires  of  Perseus  trans, 
into  English  Prose,  with  Notes,  Lon.,  ,1752,  4to.  Charac- 
ters deduced  from  Classical  Remains,  1763,  Svo.  M.  Ma- 
nilii  Astronomicon.  Ubri  quinque,  Ac.,  17S3,  Svo.  In  this 
work  Mr.  B.  takes  Dr.  Bentley  to  task. 

'•When  Mr.  Burton  avowed  his  intention  of  introducing  Bent- 
ley  for  the  purpose  of  laying  him  prostrate,  we  conceived  that  this 
new  Aristarchus  possessed  the  wit  of  Boyle,  the  acuteness  of  Hare, 
the  keen  penetration  of  Alexander  Cunningham,  and  the  solid 
learning  of  Kichard  Johnson.  .  .  .  But  when  we  had  taken  the 
book  into  our  hands,  ibi  omnis  effusiLS  labor." — Lon.  Monthly  Re- 
view. Ixxi.  4.^7  :  read  this  elaborate  criticism. 

Suicide;  a  Dissertation,  1790,  4to. 

''  For  some  years  Mr.  Burton  was  also  a  valuable  correspondent 
to  the  Gentleman's  Magazine,  under  the  anagrammatic  signature 
of  Ruben  dti  Mont.  He  had  evidently  a  cultivated  taste,  Itut  was 
somewhat  trw  fond  of  singularity.  His  imagination  was  lively, 
but  incorrect;  and  his  style  animated,  but  fontastic." — Nichols's 
Literary  Avecdut'S,  viii,132. 

Burton,  Edward,  D.D.,  1794-1S36,  a  native  of 
Shrewsbiirv.  was  educated  at  Westminster  School,  whence 
he  was  removed  in  1S12  to  Christ  Church.  Oxford  ;  took 
his  degree  of  M.A.,  181S  ;  after  which  he  visited  the  Con- 
tinent, and  recorded  bis  observations  in  his  Antiquities 
and  other  curiosities  of  Rome,  2d  edit.,  Lon.,  182S,  2  vols. 
Svo.  This  work  has  been  commended  for  accuracy  and 
proofs  of  rcseari'h.  lie  was  appointed  Curate  of  Tetten- 
hall,  Staifordshire ;  select  preacher  in  the  University  of 
Oxford,  1824 ;  Public  Examiner,  1S26 ;  Regius  Professor 
of  Divinity,  1S29.  He  was  Bampton  Lecturer  in  1829. 
Considerations  on  the  Absolving  Power  of  the  Romish 
Church.  Testimonies  of  the  Ante-Nicene  Fathers  to  the 
Divinity  of  Christ,  Oxf.,  1826,  Svo;  2d  edit.,  with  addi- 
tions, Oxf.,  1829,  Svo  ;  ditto  to  the  Doctrine  of  the  Trinity, 
and  to  the  Divinity  of  the  Holy  Ghost,  Oxf.,  1831,  Svo. 

"  His  Testimonies  are  decisive  on  the  momentous  subjects  to 
which  they  refer."— Dr.  E.  Williams. 

An  Inquiry  into  the  Heresies  of  the  Apostolic  Age, 
Oxf.,  1829,  Svo:  8  sermons  preached  at  the  Bampton  Lec- 
ture, 1S29.  The  reader  will  notice  the  valuable  introduc- 
tion in  which  Dr.  Burton  refers  to 

"The  authors  whose  works  I  have  either  myself  consulted.  Or  a 
perusal  of  which  is  recommended  as  useful  for  making  us  ac- 
quainted with  the  heresies  of  the  Apostolic  age." 

An  appendix  of  learned  notes  adds  to  the  value  of  this 
work. 

Attempt  to  ascertain  the  Chronology  of  the  Apostles 
and  of  St.  Paul's  Epistles,  Oxf.,  1830,  Svo.  The  author 
remarks  that  his  Lectures  upon  the  Ecclesiastical  History 
of  the  First  Century  might  have  been  entitled  with  equal 
propriety.  Lectures  upon  the  Acts  of  the  Apostles.  Lec- 
tures upon  the  Ecclesiastical  History  of  the  First  Three 
Centuries;  from  the  Crucifixion  to  A.  D.  313,  Oxf.,  1831- 
33,  2  vols.  Svo;  3d  edit.,  Oxf.,  1845,  8vo. 

'■A  truly  valuable  work.  The  author  is  one  of  the  most  pro- 
found patristic  scholars  in  Europe." — Lowndes. 

See  a  Review  in  the  British  Critic,  xvii.  115.  Greek 
Testament;  with  English  Notes,  Oxf.,  1S31,  2  vols.  Svo; 
new  ed.,  1852.  The  text  is  that  of  Bishop  Lloyd's  editions 
printed  at  Oxf.,  1S2S,  "30.  The  Notes  are  explanatory, 
philological,  and  critical. 

"In  prep;iring  these  critical  notes.  Dr.  Burton  examined  for 
himself,  with  no  small  labour  and  attention,  the  copious  materials 
which  had  been  collected  by  Griesbach ;  and,  after  weighing  the 
evidence  adduced  by  him  in  favour  of  any  particular  reading.  Dr. 
B.  noted  down  all  "the  variations  from  the  received  text,  which 
seem  to  have  a  majority  of  documents  in  their  favour." — Home's 
Introduction. 

Sermons  preached  before  the  University  of  Oxford,  Lon., 
1S32,  Svo.  History  of  the  Christian  Church  from  the  As- 
cension of  Jesus  Christ  to  the  Conversion  of  Constantino, 
Lon.,  1S36,  sm.  Svo ;  8th  ed.,  1850.  See  a  Review  in  British 
Critic,  XX.  209.  An  edit,  of  his  Works,  with  a  Memoir,  has 
been  pub.  in  5  vols.  Svo,  by  Mr.  J.  H.  Parker,  Oxford.  Dr. 
Burton  was  noted  for  hia  persevering  industry.     In  addi- 

305 


BtTR 

tion  to  his  own  writings,  lie  edited  and  superintended  the 
publication  ot'  a  number  of  works. 

"  H.'  was  an  able  nian.  well  ri-ad  In  Christian  Antiquity;  mild 
and  candid  in  his  temper.''— Dr.  K.  Wn.UAMS. 

Burton,  Francis.  On  Benevolence  and  Philan- 
thropy; an  occasional  sermon,  1797,  8vo. 

Burton,  George.  Essay  towards  reconciling  the 
NuMibers  of  Daniel  and  St.  John ;  with  a  supplement, 
Norwich,  1766-68,  8vo. 

"  According  to  Mr.  Burton's  calculations,  the  conTersinn  of  the 
Gentiles,  and  the  Millennium,  will  commence  in  the  year  2430 ;  the 
battle  of  Gog  and  MajOK  will  begin  in  3430,  and  the  Millennium 
terminate  in  343tj." — Orme's  Bil'l.  Bil>. 

Analysis  of  two  Chronological  Tables,  1787,  4to. 
Burton,  Henry,  b.  about  l.i7a.  d.  1618,  a  Puritan 
divine,  w.as  a  native  of  Bir^tall,  Yorkshire,  and  edncated 
at  St.  John's  College,  Cambridge.  lie  became  Rector  of 
St.  Matthew's,  Friday  Street,  London,  about  1626.  In 
1626  he  preached  and  publi.shcd  two  sermons,  entitled. 
For  God  and  the  King,  for  which  he  was  sentenced  to  the 
pillory,  to  lose  his  oars,  to  a  fine  of  £50110,  and  to  per- 
petual imprisonmeut.  See  Bastwick,  John;  Pkvn.-ie, 
William.  The  fine  and  the  impri-onment  were  remitted 
by  the  House  of  Commons.  Ho  recovered  his  liberty  in 
16411,  and  was  restored  to  his  living.  We  notice  a  few  of 
Burton's  publications:  Censure  of  Simony.  Lon.,  1624, 
4to.  The  Baiting  of  the  Pope's  Bull,  1627,  4to.  The 
Seven  Vials,  1627,  '2S,  4to.  Babel  no  Bethel.  Truth's 
Triumph  over  Trent,  1629.  fol.  The  Law  and  the  Gospel, 
Ac,  1631,  4to.  England's  Bondage  and  Hope  of  De- 
liverance, 1641,  4to.  Narration  of  his  Life,  164:!,  4to. 
Conformity's  Deformity,  1646,  4to. 

Anthony  Wood,   who    seems    to    have    considered    Low 
Churchmen   and  Dissenters  as  /era  naUira,  and  hardly 
worth  the  trouble  of  conversion  into  Mnnnneta,  rebukes 
Burton  for  his  "  pragmaticalness  and  imjiudence  in  de- 
monstrating by  a  letter  which  he  presented  to  the  King. 
2.'id  Apr.,  1625,  how  popislilv  affcricd  were  Dr.  Neile  and 
Dr.  Laud,  his  continual  atlriHliints." — Athen.  Oxoii. 
Burton,  Henry.     F;i>i  .■^.■nn.m.  1665,  4to. 
Burton,  Hezekiah,  d.  16S1,  educated  at,  and  Fel- 
low :ind  Tutor  of,  M.agdalen  College,  Oxford,  became  Rector 
of  St,  IJeorge's,  Southwark,  1667  ;  Rector  of  Barnes,  Sur- 
rey, 16S0.     He  wrote  the  Allor|uium  ad  Lectorem  prefi.xed 
to  Cumberland's  treatise,  De  Legibus  Natura>.     Sermons, 
Lon.,  1684,  '85,  2  vols.  8vo,  posth. ;  pub.  by  Dr.  Tillotson. 
Burton,  J.    Lectures  on  Female  Education  and  Man- 
ners, Lon.,  179.3,  2  vols.  12mo.  Guide  for  Youth,  1814. 12mo. 
Burton,  John.  History  of  Eriander,  Lon.,  1661.  Svo. 
Antii|uitates  Capelhe  D.  Joannis  Evangelista;  hodiascholas 
Regia?  Norwicensis,  1712,  Svo. 

Burton,  John,  D.D.,  1696-1771,  a  native  of  Wemb- 
worthy,  Devonshire,  was  educated  and  appointed  tutor  at 
Corpus  Christ!  College,  0.\ford;  Fellow  of  Eton,  and  Vicar 
of  Mapledurham,  Oxfordshire,  1733  ;  Rector  of  Worples- 
don,  Surrey,  1766.  Two  volumes  of  his  Occasional  Ser- 
mons, preached  before  the  University  of  Oxford,  were  pub. 
in  1764.  His  style  is  considered  pedantic,  yet  not  without 
elegance,  and  has  been  distinguished  as  the  "  Burtonian 
style."     Churchill  ridicules  its  peculiarities : 

"  So  dull  his  thoughts,  yet  pliant  in  their  prowth. 
They're  verse,  or  prose,  are  neither,  or  are  both." 
But  the  poet  disliked  our  author's  opposition  to  Wilkes. 
He  pub.  in  1744  a  vindication  of  Clarendon's  Hi.st.  of  the 
Rebellion,  and  in  1760  his  three  sermons  on  University 
politics.  His  Opuscula  Miscellanea  Theologica.  from  which 
The  Parish  Priest  was  trans,  by  the  Rev.  Davis  Warren 
in  1800,  appeared  in  1771.  Oxon.,  2  vols.  Svo.  Mr.  Burton 
pub.  some  other  works.  It  was  at  his  expense  that  in 
1768  Jo.scph  Bingham's  unfinished  edit,  of  the  Penbalogia 
was  pub.  It  was  reprinted  by  Thomas  Burgess,  Oxon., 
1779.  2  vols.  Svo.  His  Life  was  written  in  Latin — De  vita 
etmoribus  Johannis  Burtoni,  1771 — by  Dr.  Edw.  Bentham, 
his  relation,  and  canon  of  Christ  Cliurch.  A  trans,  of  it 
will  be  found  in  the  Gent.  Mag.  for  1771.  See  Biog.  Brit. 
Burton,  John,  M.D.,  1697-1771,  an  eminent  anti- 
quary, was  a  native  of  Rippon,  Y'orkshire.  He  studied 
for  some  time  at  Leyden,  and  appears  to  have  graduated 
as  doctor  at  Rheims.  He  settled  at  York,  where  he  prac- 
tised with  great  rcputatirin.  A  Treatise  on  the  Non-natu- 
rals, York,  1738,  Svo.  Account  of  the  life  and  writings  of 
Boerhaavc,  Lon.,  1743,  Svo.  With  this  eminent  man  Bur- 
ton had  become  acipiainted  whilst  residing  abroad.  Essay 
towards  the  Complete  System  of  Midwifery,  Theoretical  as 
well  as  Practical,  Lon.,  1751.  Svo.  Iter  Surriense  et  Sus- 
sexiense,  Lon.,  1752.  Svo.  IjCtter  to  M'illiam  .Smellie,  Lon., 
1753,  Svo.  Monasticon  Eboracensi,  and  the  Ecclesiastical 
History  of  Yorkshire,  vol.  i.  York,  175S,  fol. ;  all  pub. 


BUR 

"Dr.  Burton  has  been  justly  styled  one  of  our  first  men  in  mo- 
nastic  antiquities, — bis  work  infinitely  surpassing  Sh  William 
Dugdale's." — Halsted's  Letter  to  Ducarel. 

Dr.  Burton  is  supposed  to  have  been  the  original  of  Dr. 
Slop  in  Sterne's  Tristram  Shandy. 

Burton,  John  Hill,  "son  of  Lieut.  Burton,  of  the 
94th  Regiment  of  Foot,  was  educated  for  the  Scottish  Law, 
and  passed  advocate,  1831.  He  was  a  contributor  to  the 
later  volumes  and  to  the  Supplement  of  the  Penny  Cyclo- 
pedia, chiefly  on  subjects  connected  with  Scottish  Law. 
In  1842  he  assisted  Sir  John  Bowring  in  preparing  the 
collected  works  of  Jeremy  Bentham,"  11  vols.  r.  Svo. 
Introdue.  to  the  Study  of  Bentham's  Works,  Lon.,  r.  Svo. 
Manual  of  the  Law  of  Scotland,  1844-47,  3  vols.  p.  Svo, 
Ac.  Political  and  Social  Economy,  1M49,  12mo.  Lives 
of  Simon,  Lord  Lovat,  and  Duncan  Forbes  :  from  Original 
Sources,  Lon.,  1847,  p.  Svo.  Life  and  Correspondence  of 
David  Hume,  2  vols.  Svo ;  last  ed.,  1850. 

u  ^g  rejoice  to  see  the  entire  treasure  [Ilume's  Letters]  produced 
in  a  manner  so  liighly  creditable  to  all  concerned." — Lrm.  Lit,  G<iz. 
"These  volumes  must  ever  hold  a  high  rank  in  the  history  of 
English  philosophy." — Ltm.  Athen. 

The  Law  of  Bankrujitcy,  Insolvency,  and  Mercantile 
Sequestration  in  Scotland,  1845,  2  vols,  r.  Svo. 

"This  work  reflects  credit  on  the  Scottish  bar.  In  fulness  and 
lucidity  of  general  proposition,  in  vigour  and  accuracy  of  critical 
inquiry,  in  scope  of  research  and  ter.se  power  of  thought  and  ex- 
piession.  it  stands  in  honourable  contrast  with  the  great  herd  of 
text-books." — Law  Magazine. 

Ed.  Letters  of  Eminent  Persons  addressed  to  David 
Hume  :  from  the  Papers  bequeathed  by  his  Nephew  to  the 
Roy.  Soc.  of  Edinburgh,  1849,  Svo.  Narratives  from 
Criminal  Trials  in  Scotland,  1852,  2  vols.  Svo.  The  His- 
tory of  Scotland  from  the  Revolution  to  the  Extinction  of 
the  Last  Jacobite  Insurrection,  1689-1748,  1853,  2  vols. 
Svo.  To  Mr.  Burton  we  are  also  indebted  for  some  other 
works,  and  for  the  Law  articles  in  Waterston's  Cyclopajdia 
of  Commerce. 

Burton,  IVic.  Figurse  Grammaticae  et  Rhetoricae, 
Lon.,  1702,  12ino. 

Burtou,  Philip,  d.  1792.  The  Practice  of  the  Office 
of  Pleas  in  the  Court  of  Exchequer  Epitomized,  Lou., 
1770,  Svo.  The  same  subject,  with  Additions,  &c.,  1791, 
2  vols.  Svo.  Other  legal  compilations,  1770,  '91,  and  a 
treatise  on  -\nnihilation,  1792,  Svo. 

Burton,  Philippiana.  A  Rhapsody,  1769,  4to. 
"  Love  and  all  its  raptures  is  the  subject  of  this  lady'.s  incoherent 
rant,  which  she  calls  a  Rhapsody.  Her  performance  undoubtedly 
calls  for  censure;  but  her  motives  to  printing  may  possibly  entitle 
her  to  compassion.  We  shall,  therefme.  at  present  take  no  further 
notice  of  this  Nat.  Lee  in  petticoats." — Lon.  Month.  Jtev.,  1769,  156. 
Burton,  Richard  Francis,  b.  1S23,  son  of  Col. 
Joseph  N.  Burton,  of  Tuam,  Galway,  Ireland  :  left  Ox- 
ford in  1S42,  and  proceeded  to  Bombay,  thence  to  Sindh 
under  Sir  Charles  Napier  in  1843,  and  served  for  some 
years  in  the  survey  conducted  by  Col.  Walter  Scott,  Bom- 
bay Engineers.  1.  Transactions  of  the  Bombay  Asiatic 
Society;  two  papers,  1849.  2.  Goa  and  the  Blue  Moun- 
tains, Lon.,  1850,  p.  Svo.  3.  Sindh;  or.  The  Unhappy 
Valley,  1852,  2  vols.  p.  Svo.  4.  History  of  Sindh,  Svo. 
5.  Falconry  in  the  Valley  of  the  Indus,  p.  Svo.  6.  Com- 
plete System  of  Bayoiiet-Exercise.  In  1863,  sent  by 
the  Royal  Geographical  Soc.  of  Great  Britain  to  explore 
,\rabia.  7.  Personal  Narrative  of  a  Pilgrimage  to  El- 
Medina  and  Meccah,  Lon.,  3  vols.  Svo:  i.,  ii.,  185B;  iii., 
1857;  Amer.  ed.,  "abridged  and  condensed,"  with  Intro- 
duction by  Bayard  Taylor,  1856,  12ino,  pp.  492.  Com- 
mended bv  the  Lon.  Athena?um,  1855,  865,  (vols.  i.  and 
ii.,)  and  1856,  135,  (vol.  ii.)     See  also  394,  428. 

"We  g.ave  our  general  opinion  of  Mr.  Burton's  enterprise,  saga- 
city, and  information  when  the  larger  part  of  his  work  was  before 
us.  We  have  now  said  enough  to  sliow  that  its  completion  is  not 
less  curious  or  less  valuable." — Ubi  stipra,  1856,  136. 

8.  First  Footsteps  in  East  Africa ;  or.  An  Exploration 
of  H.ar.ar,  Lon..  1856,  Svo. 

"  A  curious  record  of  a  curious  enterprise.  .  .  .  The  public  will 
find  '  First  Footsteps  in  East  Africa'  very  agreeable  reading." — 
Lon.  Athen..  IS.'ii).  S95.  q.r. 

Burton,  Robert,  1576-1639-40,  a  native  ofLindley, 
Leicestershire,  received  the  first  rudiments  of  learning  at 
the  free  school  of  Sutton  Colilfield,  Warwickshire,  and  at 
the  grammar-school  of  Nuneaton.  See  Anat.  of  Melan- 
choly ;  his  will :  and  Athen.  Oxon.  He  was  admitted  of 
Brazennose  College.  Oxford,  1593;  elected  a  student  of 
Christ  Church,  1599;  Reader  of  Sentences,  1614;  Vicar 
of  St.  Thomas,  Oxfiird,  1616;  presented  by  George,  Lord 
Berkeley,  to  the  rectory  of  Seagrave,  Leicestershire,  1636. 
He  retained  this  post  and  his  vicarage  until  his  death, 
January  25.  1639-40.  It  is  said  that  from  his  calculation 
of  his  nativity  he  predicted  that  he  would  die  on  or  about 
the  above  date ; 


BUR 


BUR 


"Wbich  being:  exact,  several  of  the  students  did  not  forbear  to 
whisper  among  themselves  that,  rather  than  tliere  sliuukl  be  a 
mistake  in  the  calculation,  he  sent  up  his  soul  to  heaveu  thro*  a 
elip  abuut  his  neck."' — Athen.  Oxon. 

We  should  mention  that  on  the  left  side  of  Burton's 
monument  the  curious  reader  may  see  the  calculation 
of  his  nativity';  and  his  bust,  painted  to  the  life,  adds 
to  the  interest  of  this  memento  of  a  most  remarkable 
character.  He  bequeathed  many  of  his  books  to  the 
Bodleian  Library;  and  they  form  one  of  its  most  curious 
collections.  As  the  author  of  The  Anatomy  of  Melan- 
choly— what  it  is,  with  all  the  kinds,  causes,  symptoms, 
prognostics,  and  several  cures  of  it — Burton's  name  will 
descend  to  remotest  generations.  It  is  next  to  impos- 
sible that  so  profound  a  treatise  on  a  mental  disorder 
to  which  a  state  of  high  intellectual  cultivation  is  perhaps 
peculiarly  liable  can  ever  be  permanently  buried  in  the 
libraries  of  the  learned.  The  1st  edit,  was  pub.  in  1621, 
4to,  (Ferriar  gives  1017.  but  he  errs;)  and  its  popularity 
is  evinced  by  the  rapidity  with  which  editions  followed 
each  other:  lt>24.  '28,  '32,  'liS^  '51,  '52,  '60,  76,  1728,  '38, 
fol.  The  eulogy  of  Dr.  Johnson — "  Burton's  Anatomy  of 
Melancholy,"  he  said,  "was  the  only  book  that  ever  took 
him  out  of  bed  two  hours  sooner  than  he  wished  to  rise" — 
excited  some  curiosity  to  see  so  attractive  a  work,  and  an 
edit,  was  pub.  in  1800,  fob,  and  another  in  1806,  2  vols. 
8vo;  also  in  1S27.  2  vols.  8vo;  1836,  8vo ;  1S37.  2  vols. 
8voj  1838,  Svo;  1S45,  8vo ;  1849,  Svo.  The  author— a 
man  of  great  erudition  and  wit — was  subject  to  hypo- 
chondria, under  which  he  suffered  acutely: 

"  He  composed  this  book  with  a  view  of  relieving  his  own  me- 
lancholy, but  increased  it  to  such  a  decree,  that  nothing;  could 
make  him  laugh,  but  going  to  the  bridge  foot,  and  hearing  the 
ribaldry  of  the  bargemen,  which  rarely  failed  to  throw  him  into  a 
violent  fit  of  laughter.  Befire  be  was"  overcome  with  this  horrid 
disorder,  he.  in  thr  intervals  of  hi.s  vapours,  was  esteemed  one  of 
the  most  Cicetious  companions  in  the  university." — CJran'cjer. 

"  He  was  an  exact  mathematician,  a  curious  calculator  of  nativi 
ties,  a  general  read  scholar,  a  thoro'  pacd  philologist,  and  one  that 
understood  the  surveying  of  lands  well.  As  he  was  by  many  ac- 
counted a  severe  student,  a  deiourer  of  authors,  a  melancholy  and 
humorous  person;  so  by  others,  who  knew  him  well,  a  person  of 
great  honesty,  plain  dealing  and  charity.  I  have  heard  some  of 
the  ancients  of  Ch.  Ch.  often  say  that  hiscompany  was  verv  merrv, 
Ctcete  and  juvenile,  and  no  man  in  his  time  did  surpass  hiiii  for  his 
ready  and  dextrous  interlarding  his  common  discourses  among 
them  with  verses  from  poets,  or  senten.-es  from  classiral  authors. 
Which  being  then  all  the  fashion  in  the  university  made  his  com- 
pany more  acceptable." — Afhen.  Ojo/u 

Charles  Lamb  mentions  some  "curious  fragments  from 
a  commonplace  book  which  belonged  to  Robert  Burton, 
the  famous  author  of  The  Anatomy  of  Melancholy,"  but 
we  know  of  no  publication  save  the  Anatomy.  Dibdin 
supposes  that  Dr.  Timothy  Bright's  (q.  v.)  Treatise  of 
Melancholic,  1586,  was  the  prototype  of  Burton's  work, 
and  it  has  been  also  insinuated  that  Boaystuau's  Theatrum 
Mundi  gave  him  some  useful  hints.  These  surmises  may 
or  may  not  be  true ;  but  of  fathering  books  by  means  of 
supposed  resemblances,  there  is  no  end.  "Whether  Burton 
helped  himself  to  his  predecessors'  labours  or  n<it,  it  is 
certain  that  he  himself  has  been  most  unmercifully  pil- 
laged. It  is  very  true  that  "from  his  storehouse  of  learn- 
ing, interspersed  with  quaint  observjitions  and  witty  illus- 
trations, many  modern  writers  have  drawn  amply,  without 
acknowledgment,  particularly  Sterne,  who  has  copied  the 
best  of  his  pathetic  as  well  as  humorous  passages."  See 
Ferriar 's  Illustrations  of  Sterne,  Lon.,  1812,  2  vols.  Svo. 
Where  the  temptation  is  so  great,  we  need  not  marvel  at 
the  theft.     Lord  Byron  declares 

-Burton's  '  .\natomy  of  Melancholy'  is  the  most  amusing  and 
instructive  medley  of  quotations  and  classical  anecdotes  1  ever 
perused. 

••  If  the  reader  has  patience  to  go  through  his  volumes,  he  will 
he  more  improved  for  literary  conversation  than  bv  the  perusal 
of  any  twenty  other  works  with  which  I  am  acquainted." 

To  Mr.  Tegg's  beautiful  edit.,  Lon.,  1845,  Svo,  are  pre- 
fixed some  commendatory  notices  which  we  present  to  the 
reader,  not  without  hopes  of  inducing  him  to  procure  the 
work,  if  he  happen  to  be  without  it. 

"The  Anatomy  of  Melancholy,  wherein  the  author  hath  piled 
up  variety  of  much  excellent  learning.  Scarre  any  book  of  philo- 
logy in  our  land  hath,  in  so  short  a  lime,  passed  so  manv  editions  " 
FiilUrs  Wortlna;,  fob  !»>.  ^ 

*'  'Tis  a  bonk  so  full  of  variety  of  reading,  that  gentlemen  who 
have  lost  th^ir  time,  and  are  put  to  a  push  for  inventiou.  may  fur- 
nish themselves  with  matter  for  common  or  scholastical  discourse 
and  writing." —  }Vi>od's  Athen.  Oxrm.  vol.  i.  p.  r)28.  Sd  edit. 

"If  you  never  saw  Burton  upon  Melancholy,  printed  lR7fi.pray 
look  into  it,  and  read  the  ninth  page  of  his  Preface.  '  Democritus  to 
the  Reader.'  There  is  something  there  which  touches  the  prtint 
we  are  upon;  but  I  mention  the  author  to  you. as  the  plcasantcst, 
the  most  learned,  and  the  most  full  of  sterling  sense.  The  wits 
of  Queen  Anne's  reign,  and  the  beginning  of  George  the  First, 


were  not  a  little  beholden  to  him." — Archbishop  Herring's  Lettera, 
12mo.  1777,  p.  14'.l. 

'•'  Burton's  .Anatomy  of  Melanrhnly  is  a  v.iluable  book,'  said  Pr. 
Johnson.  'It  is  perhaps  oveib-ii'ltd  wiili  ijuotation.  But  there 
is  great  spirit  and  great  power  in  what  lUntun  says  when  he  writes 
from  his  own  mind.'  * — Boswell's  Li/e  nf  Joimson,  vol,  ii.  p.  325. 

"It  will  he  no  detraction  from  the  power  of  Milton's  original 
genius  and  invention,  to  remark,  that  he  seems  to  have  borrowed 
the  subject  of  L^-lUet/ro  and  II  l\nseroso,  together  with  some  par- 
ticular thoughts,  expressions,  and  rhymes,  more  especially  the 
idea  of  a  contrast  between  these  two  dispositions,  from  a  fm-^otteu 
poem  prefixed  to  the  first  edition  of  Burton's  Anatomy  of  .Melan- 
choly, entitled,  'The  -Author's  Abstract  of  Melancholy:  or.  A  Dia- 
logue between  Pleasure  and  Pain.'  Ilei-e  pain  is  melanrholy.  It 
was  written,  as  I  conjecture,  about  the  year  ICOO.  1  will  make  no 
apolopy  for  abstiacting  and  citing  as  niurh  of  this  poem  as  will  be 
suflicient  to  prove,  to  a  discerning  reader,  how  for  it  had  taken 
possession  of  Milton's  mind.  The  measure  will  appear  to  be  the 
same;  and  that  our  author  was  at  least  an  attentive  reader  of 
Burton's  book,  may  be  already  concluded  from  the  traces  of  re- 
semblance which  I  have  incidentally  nnticed  in  passing  through 
the  VAUer/rn  and  II  Penserogo.  ...  As  to  the  very  elaborate  work 
to  which  these  visionary  verses  are  no  unsuitable  introduction, 
the  writer's  variety  of  learning,  his  quotations  from  scarce  and 
curious  books,  his  pedantry  spiarkling  with  rude  wit  and  shaiwless 
elegance,  miscellaneous  matter,  intermixture  of  agreeable  tales 
and  illustrations,  and,  perhaps,  above  all.  the  singularities  of  his 
feelings,  clothed  in  an  uncommon  quaintness  of  r.tyle,  have  con- 
tributed to  render  it.  even  to  modern  readers,  a  valuable  repository 
of  amusement  and  information." — Warlon's  Milton.  2d  edit.,  p.  94. 

"The  Anatomy  of  Melancholy  is  a  book  which  has  been  univer- 
sally read  and  admired-  This  work  is.  for  the  most  pai-t.  what  the 
author  himself  styles  it.  'a  cento;'  but  it  is  a  very  ingenious  one. 
His  quntafiniis.  which  abound  in  every  page,  are  pertinent:  but 
if  he  had  made  more  use  of  his  invention,  and  less  of  his  common- 
place book,  bis  work  would  perhaps  have  been  more  valualile  than 
it  is.  He  is  generally  free  from  the  affected  language  and  ridicu- 
lous metaphors  which  disgrace  most  of  the  books  of  his  time." — 
Granger^s  Bingrcpkical  History. 

"Burton's  Anatomy  of  Melancholy,  a  book  once  the  favourite 
of  the  learned  and  the  witty,  and  a  source  of  surreptitjr.iiR  learn- 
ing. thou;;ih  written  on  a  regular  plan,  consists  ciiietly  of  quota- 
tions: the  author  has  honestly  termed  it  a  cento.  He  collects.  un» 
der  every  division,  the  opinions  of  a  multitude  of  writers,  without 
regard  to  chronological  order,  and  has  too  often  the  modesty  to 
decline  the  interposition  of  his  own  sentiments.  Indeed,  the  bulk 
of  his  materials  generally  overwhelms  him.  In  the  course  of  his 
folio  he  has  contrived  to  treat  a  great  variety  of  topics,  that  seem 
very  loosely  connected  with  the  peneral  subject:  and,  like  Bayle. 
when  he  starts  a  lavourite  train  of  quotations,  he  does  not  scruple 
to  let  the  digression  outrun  the  principal  question.  Thus,  from 
the  doctrines  of  reli^jion  to  military  discipline,  from  inland  navi- 
gation to  the  morality  of  dancinir-pchools,  every  thing  is  discussed 
and  determined." — Ft-rrinr's  llhtAradmis  of  Stfrne.  p.  SS. 

"The  archness  which  Burton  displays  occasionally,  and  his  in- 
dulgence of  playful  digressions  from  tlie  most  serious  discussious;, 
often  give  his  style  an  air  of  familiar  conversation,  notwithstand- 
ing the  laborious  coJlertions  which  supply  his  text.  He  was  capa- 
ble of  writing  excellent  poetry,  but  he  seems  to  have  cultivated 
this  talent  too  little.  The  English  verses  prefixed  to  bis  book, 
which  possess  beautiful  imagery,  and  jrreat  sweetness  of  versifica- 
tion, have  been  frequently  published.  His  Latin  eleciac  verses 
addressed  to  his  book,  show  a  very  agreeable  turn  for  raillery." — 
Ibid.  p.  5S. 

"  When  the  force  of  the  subject  opens  his  own  vein  of  prose,  we 
discover  valual)le  sense  and  brilliant  expression.  Puch  is  his  ac- 
count of  the  fiist  feelings  of  melanchnly  persons,  written,  proba- 
bly, from  his  own  experience." — Iliid.  p,  fiO. 

"  During  a  pedantic  age.  like  that  in  which  Burton's  production 
appeared,  it  must  have  been  eminently  serviceable  to  writers  of 
many  descriptinns.  Hence  the  unlearned  might  furnish  themselves 
with  appropriate  scraps  of  Greek  and  Latin,  whilst  men  of  b-fters 
would  find  their  enquiries  shortened,  by  knowing  where  they  ini'j:ht 
look  for  what  both  ancients  and  moderns  had  advanced  on  the  sub- 
ject of  human  passions.  I  confess  my  inability  to  point  out  any 
other  English  author  who  has  so  largely  dealt  in  apt  and  origin^ 
quotation." — Mtintiscript  JS'ot^^  of  the  late  George  St^evens,  E!.>i.,  in 
his  copy  of  The  Anatomy  of  Melancholy. 

See  the  amusing  synopsisof  the  Bibliomania  appended 
to  Dibdin's  invnlujible  work  by  this  title.  The  vivacious 
Bibliographer  here  avowedly  takes  a  leaf  from  the  erudite 
hypochondrinc. 

Burton,  Robert,  is  a  name  which  occurs  in  the  title- 
page  of  a  number  of  very  popular  historical  and  mi.^cella- 
neous  compilations,  pub.  (and  supposed  to  have  been  writ- 
ten) by  Nathaniel  Crouch,  from  1681-1736.  These  are 
such  as  Historical  Rarities  in  London  and  Westminster, 
16S1  ;  Wonderful  Curiosities,  Rarities,  and  Wonders  in 
England,  Scotlnnd,  and  Ireland.  1682;  History  of  Scotland, 
1685:  Curiositiesof  England,  1697  ;  Unparalleled  Varieties, 
1699;  General  History  of  Earthquakes,  1736.  Ac.  The 
list,  which  is  along  one,  will  be  found  in  Chalmers's  Biog. 
Diet:  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit.;  Lowndes's  Bibl.  Manual.  The 
collection  includes  History,  Travels,  Fiction,  Nat.  History, 
Customs,  Biography,  &c.  Some  were  reprinted  in  6  vols. 
4to,  1810,  '13.  Theoriginaledits.  have  occasionally  brought 
high  prices  as  curiosities: 

The  f<dlowing  letter  from  Dr.  Johnson  U)  "Mr.  Dilly  in 
the  Poultry,"  is  interesting  in  this  connection  : 

••  Janii'iyy  6.  1784. 

"  Sir, — Thei  e  is  in  the  world  a  set  of  books  which  used  to  he  sold 

307 


BIR 


ViT  the  booksellers  on  the  bridge,  ami  whi.h  I  must  entreat  you  to 
procure  me.  They  are  called  JJtRTuN's  ii<x>As:  the  title  of  one  is 
*  Admirable  Curiosities,  Karities,  and  Wonders  in  England.'  I  be- 
lieTe  there  are  about  five  or  six  of  them  [perhaps  about  40!] 
they  seem  very  proper  to  allure  backward  readers;  be  so  kind  as 
to  get  them  for  me,  and  send  me  them  with  the  best  printed  edition 
of  "Baxter's  Call  to  the  Unconverted.'     I  am,  *c., 

*'  S.iM.  Johnson.  ' 

Dunton  includes  Crouch  in  his  notices : 
"  R.  B.,  (alias  Nat.  Crouch,)  is  become  a  celebrated  Author.  I 
think  I  have  given  you  the  very  soul  of  his  Character  when  I  have 
told  you  that  his  talent  lies  at  Collection.  He  has  melted  down 
the  best  of  our  English  Histories  into  Twelve-penny  Books  which 
aretilledwithwonders.  rarities,  and  curiosities;  foryou  must  know 
bis  Title-pages  are  a  little  swelling.  However,  Nat.  Crouch  is  a  very 
ingenious  person,  and  can  talk  fine  things  upon  any  subject.  In 
a  word,  Nat.  Crouch  is  a  Phcenix  Author;  I  mean  the  only  man 
that  gets  an  est;ile  by  writing  of  Books."— Li/'  and  Errors. 

Dunton  speaks  in  high  terms  of  Nat.'s  brother,  Samuel 
Crouch : 

"He  is  just  and  punctual  in  all  his  dealings;  never  speaks  ill  of 
any  man ; — has  a  swinging  soul  of  his  own ; — would  part  with  all 
he  has  to  serve  a  friend ; — mid  thaCs  enou(jh  for  one  Bookseller  !" 
—Ibid.  ,       . 

We  commend  Mr.  Crouch's  character  to  the  study  of  our 
amiable  and  much-abused  friends,  the  Bibliopoles  of  the 
present  day. 

Biirtoii,  Samuel.  Sermon,  1620,  4to. 
Burton,  Thomas.  Thanksgiving  serm.,  1713,  8vo. 
Burton,  Thomas,  member  of  the  Parliaments  of 
Oliver  .and  Rich.ard  Cromwell :  his  Diary  from  1656  to  1659, 
now  first  pub.  from  the  original  autograph  MS.;  edited 
and  illustrated  by  J.  T.  Rutt,  Don.,  1828,  4  vols.  Svo.  These 
curious  MSS.  were  discovered  among  the  papers  of  Henry 
Hyde,  Earl  of  Clarendon,  "  and  own  their  publication  to 
the  same  assiduous  bibliographer  who  brought  to  light  the 
Memoirs  of  Eveleyn  and  Pepys." 

••  This  Work  serves  to  fill  up  the  chasm  so  long  existing  in  our 
Parliamentary  History.  The  recovery  of  the  debates  of  the  Crom- 
well Parliaments,  taken  on  the  spot  by  one  of  the  very  members, 
is  little  short  of  a  miracle."— iVciu  MimHili/  Mag. 

"  The  great  interest  of  the  book  is  Cromwell  himself." — Lon. 
Gent.  Mag. 

'■These  volumes  overflow  with  information  respecting  the  prin- 
ciples and  proceedings  of  the  Legislature  during  a  most  important 
period  of  English  History.  Every  libiaiy  which  pretends  to  con- 
tain an  historical  collection,  must  possess  itself  of  Burton's  Diary: 
it  is  as  indispensable  as  Burnet  or  Clarendon."— ion.  Atlns. 

It  is  supposed  that  Burton's  memoranda  were  taken  fur 
the  information  of  Lord  Clarendon,  (in  whose  writing  the 
MS.  is,)  then  residing  abroad  with  King  Charles. 

Burton,VV.  Exposition  of  the  Lord's  Prayer,Lon.,1594, 
16mo.   Seven  Dialogues,  both  pithie  and  profitable, 1600, -tto. 
Burton,  W.  II.     Law  of  Real  Property  ;  6th  edit., 
with  Notes,  by  E.  P.  Cooper,  Lon.,  Svo;  7th  ed.,  1850. 

"  A  most  valuable  publication.  It  is  learned,  precise,  and  accu- 
rate, and  •  there  is  not  to  be  found  in  it  a  superfluous  word.' " 
It  must  be  a  philological  curiosity,  truly ! 
Burton,  William,  l;)r5-16.81,  an  eminent  antiquary, 
was  elder  brother  to  the  celebrated  author  of  The  Anatomy 
of  Melancholy,  (i;.  v.)  He  was  entered  of  Brasenose  Col- 
lege, O.xford,  1591,  admitted  of  the  Inner  Temple,  1593. 
He  distinguished  himself  by  A  Description  of  Leicester- 
shire, concerning  Matters  of  Antiquity,  History,  Armours, 
and  Genealogy,  Lon.,  1622,  foL  The  author  made  many 
improvements  and  additions  in  MS.  It  is  now  entirely  su- 
perseded by  Nichols's  History  of  Leicestershire. 

"His  natui-al  genius  leading  him  to  the  studies  of  Heraldry, 
Genealogies,  and  Antiquities,  he  became  excellent  in  those  obscure 
and  intricate  matters;  and,  look  upon  him  as  a  gentleman,  was 
accounted  by  all  that  knew  him  to  be  the  best  of  his  time  for  those 
studies,  as  may  appear  by  his  Description  of  Leicestershire." — 
Atlien.  Orim. 

'■The  reputation  of  Burton's  book  arises  from  its  being  written 
e^rly,  and  preceded  only  by  Lambarde's  Kent.  1576,  Carew's  Corn- 
wall, 1G0*2.  and  Norden's  Pui-vey;  and  it  is  in  comparison  only  of 
these,  and  not  of  Dugdale's  more  copious  work,  that  we  are  to  un- 
derstand the  praises  so  freely  bestowed  on  it." — Govoii. 

Burton  .also  drew  up  the  Corollary  of  Leland's  Life,  pre- 
fixed to  the  Collectanea. 

Burton,  William,  d.  1667,  an  antiquary,  was  entered 
of  Queen's  College,  Oxford,  in  1625.  Ho  was  master  of 
the  free  Grammar  School  at  Kingston-upon-Thames  until 
1655.  Laudatio  Funebris  in  Ohitum  D.  Thomai,  Atheni. 
Oxon.,  16.13,  4to.  Annotations  on  the  First  Epistle  of 
Clement  the  Apostle  to  the  Corinthians,  1647,  4to.  Groecae 
Lingua!  Historica,  1657,  Svo.  Catalogue  of  the  Religious 
Houses  in  England,  with  their  valuations,  at  the  time  of 
'  the  dissolution  of  the  Monasteries:  see  Speed's  Chron.  at 
the  end  of  Henry  VIII.  A  Commentary  on  Antoninus's 
Itinerary,  1658,  fol.  This  work  caused  Bishop  Kennett  to 
,  style  Burton  the  best  topographer  since  Camden.  Our 
author  also  trans.  The  Beloved  City,  from  the  Latin  of 
Alstedius. 

Burton,  William,  minister  of  the  Cathedral  Church 


BUR 

in  Norwich.  Catechisme,  Lon.,  1591,  Svo.  Seven  sermons, 
1592,  Svo.  A  Caveat  for  Sureties;  two  sermons  on  PrOT. 
vi.'  1-5,  1593,  8vo.      Sermons,  1590,  '95. 

Burton,  William,  a  bookseller  in  London.  Super- 
stition, Fanaticism,  and  Faction  ;  a  Poem,  1781,  4to.  Re- 
searches into  the  Phraseology,  Manners,  History,  and  Re- 
ligion of  the  ancient  Eastern  Nations,  as  illustrative  of  the 
Sacred  Scriptures,  lic,  Lon.,  1805,  2  vols.  Svo. 

"  Mostly  a  compilation  which  contains  materials  of  various  value. 
There  are  a  number  of  good  criticisms,  and  some  of  a  trifling  na- 
ture. The  introduction  contains  remarks  on  the  Septuagint,  the 
Samaritan  Pentateuch,  and  the  Talmud." — Orim's  Bibl.  Brit. 

Burton,William,M.D.,  Windsor.  On  Viper-Catchers; 
Phil.  Trans.,  1736.     Internal  Cancers;  ib.,  1742. 

Burton,  William  Evans,  b.  1804.  at  London,  son 
of  the  following,  a  distinguished  comedian,  made  his  first 
appearance  in  New  York  in  a  complimentary  benefit  given 
to  Samuel  Woodworth,  the  poet.  1.  Yankee  among  the 
Mermaids,  Phila.,  12mo.  2.  Cyclopedia  of  Wit  and  Hu- 
mor; comprising  a  Unique  Collection  of  Complete  Articles 
and  Specimens  of  Written  Humor  from  Celebrated  Hu- 
morists of  America,  England,  Ireland,  and  Scotland, 
illustrated,  N.Y.,  1858,  2  vols.  Svo.  See  South.  Lit.  Mes- 
senger, July,  1858. 

"  the  aim  of  this  work  is  to  furnish  all  who  would  seek  in  the 
brilliant  fancies  of  the  humorist  a  relaxation  from  the  cares  of 
business  or  a  resource  to  enliven  hours  of  dulness.  or  who  would 
peruse  with  an  appreciating  eye  the  writings  of  the  most  gifted 
humorous  authors  who  have  enlivened  the  English  language  by 
their  wit  and  genius;  to  furnish  to  all.  in  short,  who  love  a  genial 
and  lively  book  such  a  selection  as  shall  satisfy  the  mirth-craving 
nature." 

Edited  Cambridge  Quarterly  Review,  England ;  Re- 
flector, Eng. ;  Burton's  Gentleman's  Magazine,  Phila., 
7  vols. ;  Literary  Souvenir,  an  Annual,  1838,  '40.  Con- 
trib.  to  London  old  Monthly  Mag.,  Lon.  Athen,  N.Y. 
Knickerbocker,  Ac. 

Burton,  William  George,  h.  1774,  at  London. 
Biblical  Researches.     A  work  of  great  erudition. 

Burton,  W.  W.  State  of  Religion  and  Education  in 
New  South  AVales,  Lon.,  8vo. 

Bury,  Arthur,  an  English  divine,  was  ejected  from 
Oxford  in  consequence  of  his  work.  The  Naked  Gospel, 
Oxf,  1691,  fol.  The  University  ordered  this  Socinian 
treatise  to  be  burned.  He  pub.  some  sermons,  1660,  '62, 
'82,  '92. 

Bury,  Arthur.  Agricult.  Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  170S  ; 
on  manuring  liiud  with  Sea  Sand. 

Bury,  Lady  Charlotte,  formerly  Lady  Charlotte 
Campbell,  "  the  beauty  of  the  Argyle  family,"  was  an 
early  piitroness  of  the  youthful  genius  of  Sir  Walter 
Scott,  She  was  "  always  distinguished  by  her  passion  for 
elegant  letters,"  and  was  accustomed  "  in  pride  of  rank, 
in  beauty's  bloom,  to  do  the  honours  of  Scotland"  to  the 
literary  celebrities  of  the  day.  It  was  at  one  of  her  par- 
ties that  Scott  became  personally  acquainted  with  Monk 
Lewis.     He  writes  to  George  Ellis,  2d  March,  1802  : 

'■I  am  glad  you  have  seen  the  Marquess  of  Lorn,  whom  I  have 
met  frequently  at  the  house  of  his  charming  sister.  Lady  Charlotte 
Campbell ;  whom.  I  am  sure,  if  you  are  acquainted  with  her,  you 
must  admire  as  much  as  I  do." 

Lady  Charlotte  introduced  him  to  Lady  Anne  Hamilton, 
and  the  poet  had  an  opportunity  of  confirming  the  good 
impression  made  by  the  perusal  of  Glenfinlas,  and  The 
Eve  of  St.  John.  Lady  Ch<arlotte  Bury,  left  a  widow,  was 
appointed  to  a  place  in  the  household  of  the  Princess  of 
Wales,  afterwards  Queen  Charlotte.  When  the  Diary  il- 
lustrative of  the  Times  of  George  IV.  appeared,  (4  vols. 
Svo,)  it  was  thought  to  bear  evidence  of  a  familiarity  with 
the  scenes  depicted  which  could  only  be  attributed  to  Lady 
Charlotte.  It  was  reviewed  with  much  severity,  and 
charged  to  her  Ladyship  by  Lord  Brougham.  We  are  not 
aw.nre  that  the  charge  has  ever  been  denied.  The  Quar- 
terly Review  joined  in  the  condemnatitm.  The  book  sold 
rapidly  ;  several  editions  were  disposed  of  in  a  few  weeks  ; 
for  there  is  a  natural  desire  to  know  that  which  should  not 
he  told,  especially  if  the  actors  be  conspicuous  for  rank  or 
celebrity.  Lady  Charlotte  has  published,  also,  a  number 
of  novels  of  the  "Minerva"  school,  some  of  which  have 
had  a  large  circulation.  Among  them  are  Alia  Giornata; 
or  To  The  Day,  3  vols.  p.  Svo.  The  Devoted,  3  vols.  p. 
Svo.  The  Disinterested  and  the  Ensnared,  3  vols.  p.  Svo. 
Family  Records ;  or  The  Two  Sisters,  3  vols.  p.  Svo. 
Flirtation,  3  vols.  p.  Svo.  Love,  3  vols.  p.  Svo.  Separa- 
tion, 3  vols.  p.  Svo. 

Bury,  Mrs.  Elizabeth,  d.  1720,  aged  76,  a  native 
of  Linton,  Cambridgeshire,  England,  was  noted  for  her 
knowledge  of  Hebrew,  and  wrote  some  critical  disserta- 
tions upon  the  idioms  of  that  language,  left  in  MS.  at  her 


BUR 


BUS 


death.  Her  husband  pub.  her  Life  and  Diary,  and  Dr. 
Watts  wrote  an  flo;i;y  to  her  memory. 

Bury,  Edward,  A  Guide  to  Glory.  Lon.,  1075,  8vo. 
The  Dt-adly  Dan^-er  of  Drunkenness,  1671.  8vo.  The 
llusbanduiau's  Companion,  1677,  8vo :  "  lUO  directions 
suiteil  tn  men  nf  that  employment." 

Iturv,  James.     Advice  to  the  Commons,  1685,  4to. 

Bury,  Johu,     Sermon.  1631,  4to. 

Bury,  Richard  de.     See  RrcnA^itD  db  Bpry. 

Bury,  Samuel*     Funeral  Sermon,  1707,  8vo, 

Bury,  Talb.  Remains  of  Eeek-siastical  Woodwork, 
Lon.,  1S47,  fol.  Rudimentary  Styles  of  Architecture, 
1S4!I.  12iuo. 

Busby,  C  A.  Architect.  Designs  for  Vilinges,  <fec., 
Lon..  ISOS,  4to. 

Busby,  Richard,  D.D.,  1606-1695.  the  most  cele- 
brated ped.'ipo^nie  that  England  has  ever  seen,  was  a  king's 
scholar  at  Westminster,  and  elected  a  student  of  Christ 
Church,  Oxfor.l.  where  he  took  the  degree  of  B.A.,  1628; 
M.A..  16;U  ;  D.D.,  1660;  and  Prebendary  of  Westminster 
the  same  year.  About  1640  he  was  appointed  Head 
ALister  of  Westminster  School,  where  he  flourished — tave 
the  time  of  Bogshnw's  short  triumph' — for  55  years.  See 
Ragshaw,  EnwARD.  Dr.  Busby  was  certainly  successful 
in  his  profession. 

'■  He  bred  up  the  pi-eatest  number  of  learned  scholars  that  ever 
adorned  any  aire  or  natiun." 

It  is  said  that  when  the  king  entered  his  school-room, 
Busby  would  not  remove  his  hat,  not  being  willing  that 
his  boys  should  think  that  their  master  had  any  superior, 
and  considering  that  he  was  as  much  a  sovereign  in  his  \ 
school  as  his  majesty  was  iu  the  kiugfioni.  His  liberal  use 
of  the  birch,  as  a  stimulus  to  latent  genius,  has  become 
proverbial.  This  was  one  of  the  charges  brought  against 
the  doctor  by  Bagshaw,  also  a  teacher  in  the  school.  The 
^chipping  master  was  shocked  at  the  loose  discipline  of  his 
more  gentle  associate.     Bagshaw  says, 

"  Mr.  Busby  hath  oft  complained  to  in(^.  and  soomed  to  take  it  ill, 
that  I  did  not  use  the  rod  enough.  ...  I  would  wish  there  wt-re  some  j 
order  taken  to  limit  and  restrain  the  exorbitance  of  punishment; 
that  poor  little  boys  may  not  receive  thirty  or  forty,  nay.  soine- 
tiuies  sixty,  laslies  at  a  time  for  small  and  inconsiderable  faults." 

But  Busby  by  no  means  gave  up  the  point.  He  de- 
clared that  the  rod  was  hi.s  sieve,  and  that  whoever  could 
not  pass  through  that,  was  no  boy  for  him.  Not  desiring 
his  opponents  to  rest  satisfied  with  his  tlieory,  he  pointed 
to  the  Bench  of  Bishops,  where  sat  sixteen  "grave  and 
reverend"  prelates,  formerly  his  pupils.  How  could  loyal 
adherents  of  Church  and  State  withstand  this  argument? 
If  No  Bishop  no  Cluirch.  and  No  Bishop  no  King,  and  No 
Birch  no  Bishop,  let  flagellation  reign!  When  South — 
afterwards  so  celebrated  a  divine — came  to  Busljy,  he  was 
as  heavy,  untractable,  and  stubborn  a  chiel  as  ever  tried 
the  patience  of  a  Domiuie.  But  the  master  of  Westmin- 
ster gauged  his  mind.  He  discovered — far  iu  the  depths 
indeed — genius  of  no  common  order.  Bu.sby  determined 
to  bring  it  to  light. 

'•  I  see,"  said  he.  ■■  frreat  talents  in  that  sulky  boy,  and  I  shall 
endeavour  to  brinj;  them  out." 

South  was  now  put  through  a  course  of  exercises  of  the 
mo.?t  animated  and  vigorous  character.  The  process  was 
a  tedious  one,  a  painful  one — but  it  succeeded.  Busby, 
triumphant,  laid  by  the  rod  for  the  benefit  of  the  next  un- 
developed genius,  and  South  ascended  the  pulpit  stairs, 
perhaps  the  first  preacher  in  England.  That  he,  too.  was 
not,  with  the  sixteen  other  scholars  of  Busby,  a  bishop, 
was  his  own  fault.  Doubtless  Dr.  South  and  his  former 
preceptor  often  referred  to  these  fonchivg  scenes,  when  in 
after  days  the  old  schoolmaster  took  his  seat,  an  honoured 
guest  at  the  celebrated  churchman's  table.  Busby  was 
not  only  a  profound  classical  scholar,  but  his  powers  of 
oratory,  and  even  of  acting,  were  most  remarkable.  Had 
he  adopted  the  stage  as  a  profession,  he  would  probably 
have  been  as  distinguished  as  Betterton  or  Garrick.  He 
pub.  some  grammatical  works,  in  the  preparation  of  which 
he  probably  permitted  his  ushers  to  aid  him.  Such  is 
Wood's  conjecture. 

A  Short  Institution  of  Grammar,  1647,  8vo.  Juvenalis 
et  Persii  Satiraj,  1656.  An  English  Introduction  to  Latin, 
1659.  Martiali.s  Epigrammata  selecta,  1661.  GrtecEe 
Grammatical  Rudimenta,  1663.  Nomenclatura  Brevis 
Reformata,  1667.  Riulimentum  Graramaticae  Grseco-La- 
tinae  Metricum,  1689,  8vo ;  and  two  or  three  other  treatises. 

Busby,  Thomas,  Mus.  Doc.  General  History  of 
Music,  1819,  2  vols.  8vo.  This  is  an  abridgt.  of  the  His- 
tories of  Bi'RNEV  and  Hawkixs.  (q.  v.,)  with  additions  and 
essays  on  the  lives  of  celebrated  musicians.  Musical  Bio- 
graphy, or  Memoirs  of   the  Lives  and   Writings  of  the 


most  eminent  Musical  Composers  and  Writers  of  the  last 
centuries,  including  those  now  living,  2  vols.  Svo. 

"  In  thy  execution  of  this  work,  it  has  been  the  intention  of  the 
author  to  supply  the  lovers  and  professors  of  music  with  such 
anecdotes  of  the  lives,  and  such  observ.ttions  ou  the  writings, 
printed  and  nianusciipt,  of  eminent  masters,  as  may  not  only 
afford  information  and  amusement,  but  may  also  serve  as  a  guide 
in  purchasiuL'  their  works." 

Concert  Room  and  Orchestra  Anecdotes,  1825,  3  vols. 
12mo.  De  Lolme  proved  to  be  Juniu.s,  1816,  Svo.  Dic- 
tionary of  Musical  Terms,  ]2mo.  Grammar  of  Music, 
1818,  "l2nio.  A  Now  and  Complete  Musical  Dictionary, 
ISOl,  8vo.  A  Musical  Manual,  or  Technical  Directory, 
1828,     Other  works. 

Busch,  Peter.  Horticult.  Con.  to  Phil.  Mag.,  vol.  i. 
169  ;  mcthiid  of  destroying  Earth  Worms,  and  other  Insects, 

Buslield,  J.  A.,  D.D.,  1775-1849,  of  Clare  Hall, 
Cambrblge.  Rector  of  St.  Michael's.  Wood  St.,  London, 
and  Lecturer  of  St.  Mary-le-bone.  The  Christian's  Guide, 
1800,  Svo.  Fast  Sermon,  1810,  Svo.  Sermons  on  the 
Duties  of  the  Christian  Religion ;  the  Lord's  Prayer,  and 
the  Great  Mystery,  1826,  3  vols.  Svo.  His  sermons  have 
gone  through  six  edits. 

•■  They  art  amonjz;  the  best  in  the  language ;  written  in  a  strain 
of  frreat  eloquence,  without  affectation;  expanding  the  subjects  in 
a  perspicuous  :ind  practical  manner." 

Bush,  Edward.  Sermon  at  St.  Paul's  Crosse,  Lon., 
1571,  8vo. 

Bush,  Edward  Arthur.    A'isitation  Serm.,  1812,  Svo. 

Bush,  Mrs,  Forbes,  Memoirs  of  the  Queens  of 
France.  Lon..  2  vols.  Svo:  2d  cd.,  1848.  This  work  should 
have  a  place  on  the  Lilirary  shelf  by  Miss  Strickland'a 
Lives  of  the  Queens  of  England. 

"This  charmin<r  work  romprises  a  separate  Memoir  of  every 
Queen  of  Fi-ance,  from  the  earliest  of  her  annals  to  the  present 
time.  It  cannot  fail  of  being  a  desirable  acquisition  to  every 
libiary  in  the  kin^^dom." — Lou.  Sun. 

Bush,  Francis,  Surgeon.  Con.  to  Med.  Chir.  Trans., 
1811  ;  a  knife  lodged  in  the  muscles. 

Bush,  George, b. 1796,  Professctr  of  Hebrew  and  Orien- 
tal Literature  in  the  city  of  New  York,  has  gained  consi- 
derable distinction  by  profound  learning,  pulpit  eloquence, 
and  peculiarities  of  opinion.  He  was  educated  at  Dart- 
mouth College,  and  at  the  Princeton  Theological  Seminary, 
officiated  for  some  yeans  as  a  Presbyterian  minister,  ac- 
cepted his  professorship  in  1831.  In  1845  he  avowed  his 
reception  of  the  doctrines  of  Swedenborg.  and  he  has  since 
zealously  laboured  in  their  defence.  An  interesting  sketch 
of  Professor  Bu.sh  and  his  opinions  will  be  found  in  Gris- 
wold's  Prose  Writers  of  America.  His  first  work  was  the 
Life  of  Mohammed,  pub.  1832.  {Harper's  Family  Library, 
vol.  lOth.)  In  1836  he  pub.  a  Treatise  on  the  Millennium, 
in  which  views  contrary  to  those  generally  entertained 
were  set  forth.  The  Hebrew  Grammar  was  pub.  in  1835; 
2d  edit.,  1838.  In  1S40  he  commenced  the  publication  of 
his  Commeut^aries  on  the  books  of  the  Old  Testament,  viz. : 
Genesis,  Exodus,  Leviticus,  Joshua.  Judges,  and  Numbers, 
forming  8  vols.     These  have  been  highly  commended  : 

'*  With  the  fullest  satis&ction  we  direct  attention  to  this  valu- 
able contribution  from  trausatlantic  stores,  to  Biblical  literature 
and  Christian  theology.  .  .  .  There  is  a  union  of  the  critical  and 
the  practical  which  adapts  the  work  to  popular  use  as  well  as  to 
the  requirements  of  the  ministerial  student."' — Scottish  Pilot. 

"We  retrard  IJush's  work  on  Joshua  and  .Judges  as  a  very  valu- 
able addition  to  the  number  of  Comuientiiries  on  the  whole  or 
parts  of  the  Holy  Scriptures.  The  professor  has  an  enviable  tar 
lent  for  elucidating  the  sacred  text." — Lon.  Herald  of  Pfice. 

See  also  the  Lon.  Home  Mi?s.  Mag. 

"The  real  object  of  a  commentary,  which  is  not  to  supersede 
the  text,  but  to  excite  attention  to  it.  appears  to  be  as  ne.arly 
attained  in  this  volume,  as  in  any  work  we  could  name.  The  au- 
thor happily  avoids  that  generalizing  manner  which  detracts  frnm 
the  value  of  many  celebrated  works,  by  rendering  them  of  little 
use  in  the  way  of  quotation."' — Lon,  Gent.  Mag.;  notice  of  the  Notts 
on  Genesix. 

A  Commentary  on  the  Book  of  Psalms  on  a  plan  em- 
bracing the  Hebrew  Text,  with  a  new  literal  version. 
New  York,  1848,  Svo. 

"This  work  will  be  very  useful  to  Biblical  students  who  com- 
mence their  Hebrew  studies  with  the  Book  of  Psalms.'"— //orne's 
Introduction. 

"  The  notes  are  designed  princip-illy  to  elucidate  the  force,  im- 
port, and  pertinency  of  the  words  and'  phrases  of  the  original,  by 
the  citation  of  parallel  instances,  and  to  throw  light  upon  the 
images  and  allusions  of  the  sacred  writers  by  reference  to  the  cus- 
toms, manners,  law.  geography,  &c.  of  the  East." — Andover  Bib- 
lical Repository,  v.  239. 

In  1836  Prof.  Bush  pub.  his  very  valuable  Illustrations 
of  the  Holy  Scriptures,  laboriously  compiled  from  46  Bri- 
tish and  foreign  writers.  This  work  should  be  in  the 
hands  of  every  Biblical  student.  In  1844  he  pub.  in  the 
!  Hierophant  some  elabornte  papers  upon  Prophetic  sym- 
bols, &.Q.  Much  attention  was  excited  by  a  work  of  the 
professor's  pub.  in  1S41,  entitled  Anastasis,  or  the  Doctrine 

309 


BUS 


BUT 


of  the  Resurrection  of  the  Body,  Rationally  and  Spiri-  1  losophy  of  Instinct  and  Reason,  p.  8vo.  Treatise  on 
tually  Considered.  It  does  not  come  within  our  design  to  AVorniri  in  the  Blood,  8vo.  Homoeopathy  and  the  Homoeo- 
consider  the  supposed  correctness  or  unsoundness  of  works  p^athist,  12niu.  The  Physiology  of  Animal  and  Vegetable 
written  with  the  intention  of  promoting  the  cause  of  truth.     Life':'a  Popular  Treatise  on  the  Functions  and  Phenomena 

.  ,  '     .    .  ^ .,  ,  ■    1  ,  ,•    r\      1   .     T   :i      .      .,    I-,i.     :- i: i    _    TJ..:.,i-    T?>..™.   .,:.;,.« 


We  profess  to  occupy  the  position  of  the  chronicler,  not 
the  umpire.  The  opinions  of  the  learned  professor  have 
elicited  much  animated  controversy.  He  has  given  to  the 
world  an  exposition  of  some  of  the  phenomena  of  Mes- 
merism, and  he  anticipates  great  benefits  to  the  race  from 
the  full  development  of  the  new  philosophy  of  which  he 
is  an  ardent  champion.  In  addition  to  his  other  labours. 
Prof.  Bush  preaches  to  a  society  of  the  New  Jerusalem 
Church  in  BrooUlyn  and  edits  the  Anglo-American  New 
Church  Repository. 

Bush,  J,  Hibernia  Curiosa^  or  a  General  History  of 
the  Manners.  Customs,  and  Dispositions,  &c.  of  the  Inha- 
bitants of  Ireland;  Trade,  Agriculture,  and  Curiosities, 
Lon.,  1767,  8vo. 

•'The  materials  of  this  work,  which  chiefly  is  occupied  with  a 
view  of  nianuers,  agriculture,  trade,  natural  curiosities,  &c,,  were 
collected  during  a  tour  in  17frl-69."~STEVENSO\. 

Bush,  Joseph.     Evangelical  sermons,  1S42,  12mo. 

"  We  have  been  much  pleased  with  these  sermons.  They  breathe 
cordial  attachment  to  the  Kedeemer  and  his  Gospel." — Church- 
man's 3timthhj  h'evifw. 

Bush,  or  Bushe,  Paul,  1490-1558,  first  Bishop  of 
Bristol,  entered  the  University  of  Oxford  about  1513.  In 
consequence  of  his  profound  knowledge  of  divinity,  Henry 
VIII.  advanced  him  to  the  newly-erected  see  of  Bristol, 
1542,  and  made  him  his  chaplain.  Queen  Mary  deprived 
him  of  his  dignity  on  account  of  his  being  a  married  man. 
Exposycyon  of  Miserere  mei  Deus,  1525.  An  Exhortation 
to  Margaret  Burgcs.  Notes  on  the  Psalms,  Lon.,  1525. 
Treatise  in  praise  of  the  Crosse.  Answer  to  certain  Que- 
ries concerning  the  Abuses  of  the  Mass;  in  Burnet's  Hist. 
Reformation  ;  Records,  No.  25.  Dialogues  between  Christ 
and  the  Virgin  Mary.  Treatise  of  Salves  and  Curing  Re- 
medies, sine  ainio.  Extirpation  of  Ignorancy,  &c.  Car- 
mina  diversa.  Ccrtayne  gostly  Medycynes,  &c.,  sine  anno. 
When  he  took  his  degree  of  B.A.,  Wood  says  he  was 
"Then  numbered  among  the  celebrated  poets  of  the  Univer- 
sity."— Athen.  Oxon. 

Bush,  William.     The  Celestial  Race,  Lon.,  1692. 
Bush,  William.     Thu  Inadvertencies  and  Indiscre- 
tions of  Good   Men  a  great  cause  of  general  Corruption  in 
Society  ;  a  serm.  on  1  Tim.  v.  22.  1746.  Svo. 

Bush,  William.  Voyage  and  Travel  of  W.  B.,  Lon., 
1647.  4to. 

Bush,  William.  Observations  on  Cancers,  Bath.  1804. 
Bushby,  E.     Introduction  to  the  Study  of  Scripture, 
12mo.       Essay   on    the    Human    Mind,  5th   edit.,  Camb., 
1852,  12mo. 

Bushe,  Aniyas.     Socrates;  a  Dram.  Poem,  1785,  4to. 
Bushe,  G.  P.     Population  of  Ireland.     Trans.  Irish 
Acad..  1790. 

BusheL  Seth,  D.D.  Sermons.  167?..  78.  '82. 
Bushel,  or  Bushell,  Thomas,  1594-1674,  educated 
at  Baliid  College,  Oxford,  wa:^  in  the  service  of  Lord  Ba- 
con. Charles  made  him  Master  of  the  Royal  Mines  in 
Wales.  Speeches  and  Songs  at  the  Pres;entment  of  the 
Rock  at  Euston  to  the  Queen  in  1636,  Oxon..  1636,  4to. 
Remonstrance  of  His  Majesty's  Mines  Royal  in  Wales, 
Lon.,  1642,  4to.  Tracts  concerning  the  Mines  in  Wales, 
Lon..  1642-60,  4to.  Extract  of  the  Lord  Bacon's  Philo- 
sophical Theory  of  Mineral  Prosecutions,  1660,  4to.  See 
an  interesting  account  of  Bushel  and  his  famous  "  Rock" 
and  various  projects,  in  A  then.  Oxon. 

"  Leaving  behind  him  the  character  of  one  always  troubled  with 
a  heatin<;  and  contriving  brain,  of  an  aimer  at  g;reat  and  hiirh 
things,  while  he  himself  was  always  indigent,  and  therefore  could 
never  accomplish  his  mind  to  his  original  desire;  of  one  always 
borrowing  to  carry  on  his  desif^n,  but  seldom  or  never  paid." 

Yet  we  should  not  omit  to  state  that  there  were  times 
when  Bushel  had  no  lack  of  the  precious  metals.  He  is 
Baid  to  have  gained  from  one  silver  mine  at  Bwlch-yr- 
Eskir,  sufficient  profit  to  enable  him  to  present  Charles  I. 
with  a  regiment  of  horse,  and  to  provide  clothes  for  his 
whole  army.  In  addition  to  this,  he  advanced  as  a  loan 
to  his  Majesty  no  less  a  sum  than  £40,000;  equal  to  at 
least  four  times  the  amount  of  the  present  currency :  and 
he  also  raised  a  regiment  among  miners  at  his  own  charge. 
The  mine  referred  to  is  the  same  one  out  of  which  Sir  Hugh 
Middleton  accumulated  £20(10  a  month,  "by  which  pro- 
duce he  was  enabled  to  defray  the  expense  of  bringing 
the  New  River  to  Loudon." 

Busher,  Leon.    Liberty  of  Conscience,  1646,  4to,  &c. 
Bushnan,  J.  S.,  M.D.     History  of  the  Saline  Treat- 
ment of  Cholera,  Lon.,  Svo.     Introduc.  to  the   Study  of 
Nature,  8vo.     Observations  on  Hydropathy,  12mo.     Phi- 
3L0 


ot  Organic  Lite:  to  which  is  prefixed  a  Brief  Exposition 
of  the  Great  Dc]>artments  of  Human  Knowledge,  r.  l2mo, 
with  over  one  hundred  illustrations. 

'•  Thoutrh  cist  to  a  popular  form  and  manner,  this  work  is  the 
produrtion  of  a  man  of  seience.  and  presents  its  sul>jeKt  in  its  latest 
development,  based  on  truly  scientitic  and  accurate  priociples. 
It  may.  theref'>re.  be  consulted  with  interest  by  those  who  wish  to 
obtain  in  a  roneise  form,  and  at  a  low  price,  a  resume  of  the  pre- 
sent state  of  animal  and  vegetable  physiology." 
Other  works. 

Bushnell,  Edm.  Complete  Shipwright.  1669,  4to. 
Bushnell,  Horace,  D.D.,  b.  about  1804.  at  Wash- 
ington, Litchfield  county,  Connecticut,  graduated  at  Yale 
College  in  1827,  where  in  1829  he  was  appointed  tutor. 
He  has  been  a  journalist,  and  a  law  student,  as  well  as 
theologian.  Among  his  publications  are  Christian  Nur- 
ture. 1847;  God  in  Christ,  1849;  and  a  sequel  to  these, 
entitled.  Christian  Theology,  1851.  He  has  pub.  a  num- 
ber of  sermons, — Unconscious  Influence,  Ac, — which  have 
been  collected  in  one  volume,  entitled  Sermons  for  the 
New  Life,  1S5S,  12mo.  Many  of  his  pieces  will  be  found 
in  The  New  Englander;  and  his  addresses  before  college 
societies  and  literary  assemblies  are  numerous. 

'■His  writings  have  attracted  congiderable  attention  among 
theologians  from  the  bold  and  original  manner  in  which  he  luia 
presented  views  of  the  doctrines  of  the  Calviaistic  faith.  .  .  .  The 
dissertation  prefixed  to  his  volume  -God  in  Christ"  contains  the 
germ  of  must  of  what  are  considered  his  theological  peculiarities." 
Busk,  George,  b.  in  Russia,  a  distinguished  surgeon 
and  naturalist,  went  to  England  at  an  early  age.  He  was 
one  of  the  early  members,  and,  in  1848-49,  President,  of  the 
Microscopical  Soc,  and  has  contributed  many  valuable 
papers  to  its  Transactions.  Editor  of  the  Quarterly  Jour- 
nal of  Microscopical  Science.  Trans.  KblHker's  Histology; 
also  Wedl's  Pathological  Histology.  Catalogue  of  the  Ma- 
rine Polyzoa  contained  in  the  British  Museum,  2  vols.  8vo. 
Busk,  M.M.  The  History  of  Spain  and  Portugal 
from  B.C.  UKlO  to  A. D.  1814,  Lon.,  18;i3,  8voj  pub.  by 
the  Soc.  for  D.  U.  Knowledge. 

"The  running  narrative,  constantly  enlivened  by  anecdote,  of 
which  the  subject  is  prolific,  leaves  us  no  time  to  be  dull.  A  well- 
analyzed  chronological  table  is  prefixed,  as  well  aa  a  useful  table 
of  coutents." — Lon.  Gent.  Mag. 

Busk,  31rs.  1.  Biographical  Sketches,  European  and 
Asiatic,  Lon.,  p.  Svo.  2.  History  of  Mediaeval  Popes, 
Emperors,  *fec.,  2  vols.  p.  Svo ;  vols.  iii.  and  iv.,  1S56,  p. 
Svo.     3.  Plays  and  Poems,  2  vols.  12mo. 

Bussey,  George  Moir.  Life  of  Napoleon,  illustrated 
by  500  wood-engravings  by  Horace  Vernet,  2  vols.  Svo. 

'■This  work  is  well  and  carefully  written,  and,  as  a  contribu- 
tion to  modem  history,  is  entitled  to  a  place  in  the  library." — 
WfitminsliT  Review. 

Bussiere,  Paul,  Surgeon.  Profess.  Con.  to  Phil. 
Trans.,  1690,  1700. 

Buswell,  John.  An  Historical  Account  of  the  Knighta 
of  the  most  noble  order  of  the  Garter,  from  its  institution, 
1350,  to  the  present  time,  1757,  Svo. 

"  The  present  desi^'n  is  briefly  to  give  such  account  of  those  il- 
lustrious Knij;hts  who  have  been  companious  of  this  most  noble 
Order,  as  may  in  some  measure  shew  the  cause  of  their  being  ad- 
mitted to  so  hi^h  a  dignity." — Pre/.,  p.  5. 

"  Mr.  Buswell  seems  to  have  executed  this  desi<rn  with  all  the 
requisite  eare  and  exactness;  and  his  work  forms  no  iinentertain- 
ing  system  of  biographical  anecdotes." — Lmi.  Mniithh/  Jtrr.AT^'!. 
Recently  a  copy  of  this  work  was  advertised  by  Mr. 
George  Willis.  London,  with  MS.  additions  to  the  present 
time.  (1851.)  by  the  Rev.  D.  T.  Powell. 

Busweli,  Sir  George,  Bart.  A  copy  of  his  last 
Will  and  Testament,  Lon.,  1714,  Svo;  privately  printed. 
This  pamphlet  is  interesting  to  the  collectors  of  Northamp- 
tonshire history. 

Busweli,  William,  late  of   Queen's  College,  Cam- 
1  bridge.  Rector  of  AVidford,  Essex.     Plain   Parochial  ser- 
mons on  important  sulijects,  Lon.,  1842,  12uio. 

Butcher,  Kdmund,  a  Unitarian  minister.  Sermons, 
Lon.,  1708-1806.  2  vols.  Svo.  An  Excursion  from  Sid- 
mnuth  to  Chester  in  1S03,  Lon.,  1S05,  2  vols.  12mo.  Ser- 
mons for  the  Use  of  Families,  1S19,  3  vols.  Svo. 

"The  style  is  simple  and  familiar;   the  sentences  short,  and 
sometimes  striking;.     Scripture  language  is  largely  used  and  fi-eely 
accommodated.'' — Lcn.  Munthly  Repository. 
Other  works. 

Butcher,  George.  Causesof  the  present  high  pricea 
of  provisions,  1801,  Svo. 

Butcher,  John.     Sermon.  Lon.,  Ifi94,  Svo. 
Butcher,  Richard.     Survey  and  Antiquities  of  the 
Towns  of  Stamford  and  Tottenham,  High  Cross,  Lon.,  1646^ 
4toj  1717,  Svo;  with  Notes  by  Francia  Peck,  1727,  foL 


BUT 

Butcher,  William.  Sermon.  ISll.  Plain  Discourses 
delivered  to  a  I'tnintry  Congregation,  1815,  2  vols.  12mo. 
Bute,  John  Stuart,  thirdEarl  of,  1713-1792.  This 
most  unpopular  statesman  is  said  to  have  jilnyed  himself 
into  the  favour  of  the  Prince  of  Wales,  as  Sir  Christopher 
Hatton  danced  himself  into  Queen  Elizabeth's.  His  Lord- 
ship took  refuge  from  the  arrows  of  Junius  in  his  Paradise 
of  Shrubs.  He  printed  a  work  upon  his  favourite  pursuit 
in  9  vols.  4to, — Botanical  Tables,  Ac, — at  an  expense  of 
£10,000  for  12  copies.  Dr.  Dutens  thus  speaks  of  his  lord- 
ship and  his  expensive  book  : 

*'  L'etude  favorite  de  Lord  Bute  etoit  la  botjinique;  il  escelloit 
tellement  dans  cette  science,  que  les  plus  grands  inaltres  en  Kurope 
le  consultoient  et  reeherchoient  sa  correspondauce ;  il  avoit  ecrit 
sur  ce  sujet  uu  ouvrageen  9  vols,  in  4to.  qu'il  fit  iuipiimer  a  grands 
frkis.Il  Tavoit  compost  pour  la  Reine  d'Auglfttirre,  et  ne  voulait 
jamais  le  puljlier,  tant  il  etoit  ^loignS  de  tirer  vanite  de  ses  lu- 
mi^res.  II  en  tit  tirer  16  exemplain-s,  dont  il  nie  douua  un."' — Me- 
moircs  d'un  Voi/ageur  qui  $e  M'pose,  vol.  ii.  p.  252. 

Only  twelve  copies  were  printed,  and  were  disposed  of  as 
follows : 

Lord  But« 2 

The  Queen 1 

Empress  of  Russia 1 

Sir  Joseph  Banks 1 

M.  de  Buffon 1 

Lady  Betty  Mackenzie 1 

Lady  Ruthven 1 

Lady  Marartney 1 

Duchess  of  Portland 1 

Mrs.  Barrington 1 

M.  Dutens 1 


One  of  Lord  Bute's  copies  sold  in  179S.  with  Mr.  Tighe's 
books,  produced  £120;  and  the  late  Queen  Charlotte's  opy 
was  sold  in  1819.  for  £117.  A  copy  was  sold  in  1S13  for 
£82  19«.  The  plates  are  said  to  have  been  destroyed.  See 
Gentleman's  Mag.  for  1792,  p.  285  ;  Martin's  Bibliographi- 
cal Catalogue  of  Privately  Printed  Books,  and  Dryander's 
Catalogues  :  the  latter  remarks  : 

"Opera  hujus,  splendid!  magis  quam  uiilis,  duodecim  tantum 
exentplaria  iinpressa  sunt." 

Butler,  Alban,  1700-177:^,  a  native  of  Northampton, 
was  sent  in  his  eighth  year  to  the  Engli:rh  Roman  Catholic 
College  at  Douay,  where  be  was  subsequently  appointed 
Professor  of  Divinity.  Whilst  at  this  seat  of  learning,  he 
pub.  his  Letters  on  the  History  of  the  Popes,  by  Archi- 
bald Bower. 

"  They  are  written  with  ease  and  good  humour,  they  show  va* 
rious  and  extensive  learning!;,  a  TiLjorous  and  candid  mind.  They 
met  with  uuiver.sal  applause." — Charles  Butlek. 

In  1745  he  travelled  through  France  and  Italy  with  the 
Earl  of  Shrewsbury,  and  the  Messrs.  Talbot,  and  on  his 
return  was  appointed  to  a  mission  in  Staffordshire,  though 
anxious  fur  a  London  residence,  which  would  permit  ac- 
cess to  such  works  as  he  desired  to  consult  in  the  compila- 
tion of  his  History  of  the  Saints.  Shortly  after  reaching 
England,  he  was  appointed  Chaplain  to  Edward,  Duke  of 
Norfolk,  and  accompanied  Edward  Howard,  his  nephew, 
to  the  Continent.  Whilst  at  Paris  he  sent  to  the  press  his 
Lives  of  the  Saints,  upon  which  he  had  laboured  more  or 
less  for  thirty  years.  It  was  pub.  Lon.,  1745,  5  vols.  4to ; 
Dubl.,  1780,  12  vols.  Svo.  In  the  edit,  before  us,  the  im- 
primatur of  the  prelates  is  dated  January  29th,  183^;  pub. 
(18:i6)  at  Dublin.  2  r.  8vo  vols.,  with  a  preface  by  Bishop 
Doyle,  and  life  of  the  author  by  his  nephew,  Charles  But- 
ler, (q.  r.)  In  the  first  edit,  the  notes  were  omitted.  This 
step  was  t;iken  at  the  advice  of  JVIr.  Challoner,  Vicar- 
apostolic  of  the  London  district,  who  thought  that  the 
work  would  be  too  costly  for  general  circulation  unless  re- 
duced in  size.  An  edili.,  considered  the  best,  was  pub.  in 
1847,  Lon.,  12  vols.  Svo;  the  continuation  by  C.  Butler 
should  be  added.  *'  It  is  easy  to  suppose,"  remarks  his 
nephew  and  biographer,  Charles  Butler,  *' what  it  must 
have  cost  our  author  to  consign  to  oblivion  the  fruit  of  so 
much  labour,  and  so  many  vigils.  He  obeyed,  however." 
Happily  they  were  restored  in  the  subsequent  editions. 
The  Lives  of  the  Saints  is  a  curious  storehouse  of  ecclesi- 
astical and  secular  learning. 

"  The  erudition,  the  heauty  of  style,  the  true  spiiit  of  religion, 
and  the  mild  and  conciliating  language,  which  pervade  this  work, 
edified  all  its  readers,  disposed  them  to  be  pleased  with  a  religion 
in  which  Ihey  .saw  so  much  virtue,  allaved  tht'ir  prejudicesasainst 
its  professors,  and  led  them  to  consider  the  general  body  with  good 
will.  It  has  been  translated  into  French.  Spanish,  and  Italian; 
and,  though  a  bulky  and  expensive  work,  has  gone  through  seve- 
ral editinns." — CriARLEs  Butler. 

Gibbon  remarks  of  this  compilation, 

''  It  is  a  work  of  merit: — the  .^ense  and  learning  belong  to  the 
author;  the  pr'.ju<Iicos  are  thnse  of  his  profession." 

Upon  which  Charles  Butler  remarks  with  his  usual  grace- 
ful and  gentlemanly  humour: 


BUT 

"  As  it  is  known  what  prejudice  means  in  Mr.  Gibbon's  TOcab» 
lary,  our  authors  relatives  accept  the  character." 

The  Rev.  Alban  Butler  also  pub.  The  Life  of  Mary  of 
the  Cross. 

"  It  is  rather  a  vehicle  to  convey  instruction  on  various  import- 
ant duties  of  a  reli'.'ious  life,  and  on  sublime  prayer,  than  a  minute 
account  of  the  life  and  actions  of  the  nun.'' — CinRLES  Butler. 

He  left  an  unfinished  Treatise  on  the  Movable  Feasts, 
which  was  pub.  by  Mr.  Challoner,  (an  edit.,  Dubl.,  1839, 
Svo;)  and  Charles  Butler  pub.  his  Short  Life  of  Sir  Toby 
Matthews.  The  Rev.  Mr.  Jones  superintended  the  publi- 
cation of  three  vols,  of  his  Meditations  and  Disctmrses, 
issued  in  1791,  since  the  author's  decease  j  new  edit.,  by 
Dr.  Lanigan,  Dubl.,  1840,  Svo. 

"They  are  acknowledged  to  possess  great  merit;  the  morality 
of  them'  is  entitled  to  great  praise;  the  discourse  on  conversation 

shows  a  considerable  knowledge  of  life  and  manners Ilis 

sermons  were  sometimes  interesting  and  pathetic;  but  they  were 
always  desultory,  and  almost  always  immeasurably  long." — Cha3. 
Butler. 

He  made  collections  for  the  Lives  of  Bishop  Fisher  and 
Sir  Thomas  More,  which,  it  is  to  be  regretted,  with  several 
other  projected  works,  were  never  given  to  the  world. 
Sometime  after  his  return  to  England  from  his  travels  with 
Mr.  Howard,  he  wa.=  chosen  President  of  the  English  Col- 
lege at  St.  Omer's,  which  responsible  position  he  filled 
until  the  day  of  his  death — in  1773.  He  was  always  much 
attached  to  literary  pursuits,  and  ever  ready  to  assist  the 
learned  investigations  of  others.  He  aided  Cardinal  Qui- 
rini  in  his  edition  of  Cardinal  Pole's  Letters,  who  makes 
this  handsome  acknowledgment  of  his  valuable  co-opera- 
tion : 

"  The  Letters  were  procured  for  the  author  by  Mr.  Alban  lintler, 
to  whom  the  public  is  indebted  for  the  most  useful  and  valuable 
work  which  has  appeared  in  the  English  language  on  the  Lives  of 
the  Saints,  and  which  has  been  so  much  esteemed  in  France,  that 
it  is  now  translated  into  the  language  of  a  country  celebrated  for 
biography,  with  large  additions  by  the  author.  This  gentleman's 
readiness  on  all  occasions  to  assist  the  author  in  his  undertaking 
was  answerable  to  his  extensive  knowledge,  and  general  acquaint- 
ance with  whatever  has  any  relation  to  erudition." 

The  value  of  Quirini's  commendation  is  too  well  known 
to  scholars  to  require  to  be  enlarged  on  here. 

Mr.  Butler  pursued  his  studies  with  such  zeal  that  we 
are  assured  by  one  of  his  friends  that 

"Every  instant  that  Mr.  Butler  did  not  dedicate  to  the  govern- 
ment of  his  college,  he  employed  in  .study;  and  when  obliged  to 
go  abroad,  he  woiild  read  as  he  walked  along  the  streets.  I  have 
met  him  with  a  book  under  each  arm,  and  a  thiid  in  his  hands, 
and  have  been  told,  that,  travelling  one  day  on  horseback,  he  fell 
a  readimr.  giving  the  horse  his  full  liberty.  The  creature  used  it 
to  eat  a  few  ears  of  corn  that  grew  on  the  madside.  The  owner 
came  in  haste,  swearing  that  he  would  be  indemnified.  Mr.  But- 
ler, who  knew  nothing  of  the  damage  done,  no  sooner  perceived 
it,  than,  blushing,  he  said  to  the  countryman,  with  his  usual 
mildness,  that  his  demand  was  just;  he  then  draws  out  a  louis- 
d'or.  and  gives  it  to  the  fellow,  who  would  have  been  very  well 
satisfied  with  a  few  pence,  makes  repeated  apologies  to  him,  easily 
obt.Tins  forgiveness,  and  goes  on  his  way." 

The  character  of  Alban  Butler  was  most  exemplary. 
L'Abbe  de  la  Sepouze  thus  speaks  of  him : 

"AVhat  astonished  me  most  was.  that  studies  so  foreign  to  the 
supernatural  objects  of  piety,  shed  over  his  soul  neither  aridity 
nor  lukewarmness.  He  referred  all  things  to  God-  and  his  dis- 
cnnrsp  always  concluded  by  some  Christian  reflections,  which  he 
skilfully  drew  from  the  topic  of  his  conversation.  His  virtue  was 
neither  minute  nor  pusillanimous:  religion  had  in  his  discourse, 
as  well  as  in  his  conduct,  that  solemn  gravity  which  can  alone 
make  it  worthy  of  the  Supreme  Being.  Ever  composed,  he  feared 
neither  contradiftions  nor  adversities;  he  dreaded  nothing  but 
praises.  He  never  allowed  himself  a  word  that  could  injure  any 
one's  reputation.  ...  In  short.  T  will  confess  it  to  my  confusion 
that  for  a  long  time  I  sought  to  discover  a  f-tiling  in  him;  and  I 
protest,  by  all  that  is  sacred,  that  I  never  knew  one  in  him."  See 
the  whole  of  this  interesting  letter  in  the  Account  of  the  Life  and 
AVritincs  of  Alban  Butler,  prefixed  to  the  Lives  of  the  Saints. 

ButleFi,  C.  The  Age  of  Chivalry;  a  Tale,  abridged 
from  the  Knights  of  the  Swan,  by  Madame  de  Geniis, 
1799.  12mo. 

Butler,  Charles,  1559-1647,  a  native  of  High  Wy- 
comb.  Buckinghamshire,  was  entered  of  Magdalen  Hall, 
Oxford,  in  1579;  Vicar  of  Lnwrence  Wotton,  Hampshire, 
from  fibout  1600  until  his  death.  Feminine  Monarchic  ;  or 
The  History  of  Bees,  and  the  due  ordering  of  them,  Oxon., 
1609.  Svo.  '  In  Latin,  by  Richardson,  under  the  title  of 
Monarchia  Feminina.  sive  Apium  Hi:^toria.  Lon.,  1673, 
Svo.  See  Donaldson's  Agricult.  Biog.  Rhetoriese,  libri 
duo,  Oxon.,  1619,  '29,  4to.  De  Propinquitate  Matrimo- 
nium  impediente  regula  Generalis;  or  the  Marringe  of 
Cousins  german,  Oson.,  1625,  4to.  Oratorise,  libri  duo, 
Oxon..  1638,  4to;  often  reprinted.  The  English  Gram- 
mar, 1633,  4to;  quoted  by  Dr.  Johnson  in  the  Grammar 
prefixed  to  his  Dictionary.  The  Principles  of  Music,  in 
singing  and  setting,  Lon.,  1636.  4to. 

*'The  only  theoretical  or  didactic  work  published  on  the  subject 
of  music  during  the  reign  of  Charles  I.    It  contains  more  know- 

3U 


BUT 

ledge  in  a  small  compass  than  any  other  of  the  kind  in  our  lan- 
guage; but  the  Saxon  and  new  characters  he  uses,  in  order  to  ex- 
plode such  chai-acters  as  are  redundant,  or  of  uncertain  powers, 
render  this  musical  tract  somewhat  difficult  to  peruse."  See  Dr. 
Burney's  Gen.  Hist,  of  Music. 

_  Butler,  Charles,  1750-1832,  a  learned  Roman  Catho- 
lic, and  eminent  lawyer,  was  the  nephew  of  Alban  Butler, 
(q.  V.)  and  a  native  of  London.  He  was  educated  at  the 
English  Roman  Catholic  Colle,2:e  at  Douaj,  where  he  was 
noted  for  his  talents  and  studious  aiijdication.  He  was 
entered  of  Lincoln's  Inn.'in  1775,  and  was  called  to  the 
bar  in  1791,  being  the  first  barrister  of  the  Roman  Catho- 
lic communion  since  the  Revolution  :  he  never  argued  any 
case  save  the  one  of  Chohuondeley  v.  Clinton.  In  1832 
he  accepted  from  the  chancellor  a  silk  gown,  and  was 
made  a  Bencher  of  Lincoln's  Inn.  Mr.  Butler  was  a  zeal- 
ous champion  of  the  religious  faith  which  he  professed, 
whilst  not  unmindful  of  those  amenities  without  which 
there  is  little  hope  of  rectifying  the  opinions  of  others  or 
recommending  our  own.  The  character  which  he  gives 
of  his  uncle,  the  celebrated  author  of  The  Lives  of  the 
Saints,  is  a  higher  eulogy  in  his  own  favour  than  any  we 
could  indite. 

"  He  was  zealous  in  the  cause  of  relii^ion.  but  his  zeal  was  without 
bitterness  or  animosity:  polemic  acrimony  was  unknown  to  him. 
He  never  f  irgot  that  in  every  heretic  he  saw  a  brother  Christian  ; 
in  everv  infidel  he  saw  a  brother  man." — Charles  Butler's  Life  of 
Alban  Jiuller. 

In  1778  he  pub.  an  Essay  on  the  Legality  of  Impressing 
Seamen.  Mr.  Hargrave  had  left  unfinished,  after  seven 
years'  labour,  his  edit  of  Coke  upon  Littleton.  Mr.  Butler 
took  the  remainder — nearly  half  the  work — iu  hand,  .and 
finished  it  in  four  terms,  according  to  his  contract.  We 
by  no  means  assert,  however,  that  Mr.  Butler  did  as  much 
work  as  Mr.  Ilargrave.  Our  reference  is  only  to  the 
calendar.     We  notice  other  publieatiuus  of  Mr.  Butler. 

Hora;  Biblica; ;  being  a  .Series  of  Miscellaneous  Notes 
on  the  original  Text,  early  Versions,  and  printed  Editions, 
of  the  Old  and  New  Testaments,  1797,  8vo  ;  not  sold  ; 
printed  for  the  author's  friends.  Part  2,  1804,  8vo  ;  1807, 
vol.  i.,  4th  edit ;  vol.  ii.,  2d  edit.  The  second  vol.  treats 
of  the  books  accounted  sacred  by  the  Mohammedans,  Hin- 
doos, Parsees,  Chinese,  and  Scandinavians. 

"  An  elegant  work,  the  production  of  the  leisure  hours  of  Mr. 
Butler.  It  docs  great  credit  to  his  learning,  research,  candour, 
and  good  sense.  It  supplies  in  a  narrow  compass  a  large  portion 
of  useful  information  on  all  the  topics  of  which  it  treats,  and 
directs  to  the  sources  whence  it  is  chieHy  drawn.  In  an  appendix. 
the  ingenious  writer  gives  a  literary  outline  of  the  disputes  on  the 
anthenticity  of  1  .John  v.  7  ;  in  which  the  evidence  on  both  sides 
is  stated  with  great  candour  and  accuracy.  The  fifth  edition  of  the 
Hone  Biblica-  is  inserted  in  a  collection  of  Mr.  Butler's  Philologi- 
cal and  Biographical  Works.  1S17.  5  vols.  8vo," — Ormc's  Bibl.  Bxb. 

"  A  judicious  manual  of  Biblical  criticism."— r.//.ffr>rnf's  Introd. 

"  An  eleu'ant  and  interesting  work."— Dr.  T.  F.  Dicdin. 

In  ISIO  M.  Boulard  pnb.  in  Paris,  8vo,  a  French  trans, 
of  this  work,  from  the  edit,  printed  at  Oxford  in  1799. 
Horse  Juridieae  Subseciva ;  being  a  connected  Series  of 
Notes  concerning  the  Geography,  Chronology,  and  Lite- 
rary History  of  the  principal  Codes  and  original  Docu- 
ments of  the  Grecian,  Roman,  Feudal,  and  Canon  Law, 
Lon.,  1804,  8vo ;  1S07,  8vo  ;  3d  edit.,  with  additions,  Lon., 
1830,  8vo,-  pub.  in  Phihada.,  1808. 

"The  author  in  the  compilation  of  this  work,  appears  to  have 
freely  used  Schomlierg's  Klements  of  the  Roman  Law,  (■  an  amusing 
and  Buperflrial  Utile  work.')  with  a  sprinkling  of  authorilies  bor- 
rowed from  Gibbon's  44th  chapter.  It  Is  an  unfavourable  specimen 
of  Mr.  Butler's  labours,  being  noted  neither  for  accuracy  nor  depth 
of  research.  It  cont.ains,  however,  useful  information  upon  the 
subjects  of  which  it  treats,  and  refers  the  student  to  authorities  to 
assist  him  in  a  farther  prosecution  of  each  iiead  of  inquiry."  See 
Marvin's  Legal  Bibl.;  2  llotfman's  Leg.  Student,  523;  "8  ■West- 
minster Review,  422. 

It  is  included  in  vol.  2d  of  Mr.  Butler's  works. 

In  1S06  the  Emperor  of  Austria  renounced  the  empire 
of  Germany,  and  a  r|Uestion  anise  on  its  territorial  e.\tent. 
This  led  to  the  publication  of  Mr.  Butler's  Notes  on  the 
chief  Revolutions  of  the  principal  States  which  composed 
the  Empire  of  Charlemagne,  ic,  1S07,  8vo,  repub.  in  1812, 
8vo,  under  the  title  of  A  Succinct  History  of  the  Geographi- 
cal and  Political  Revolutions  in  the  Empire  of  Germany, 
or  the  Principal  States  which  composed  Ihe  Empire  of 
Charlemagne,  Ac.     This  work  did  the  author  great  credit, 

"There  has  been  a  book  published  by  Mr.  Butler  on  the  German 
Con.stitution  that  I  consider  invaluable.  Here  will  be  found  all 
the  outlines  of  the  subject.  Let  the  detail  be  studied,  wherever  it 
is  thought  necessary,  in  Gibbon,  [Lecture  I.]  I  must  once  more  re- 
mind you  that  the  work  of  Mr.  BuHer  on  the  German  Empire  is 
Indispensably  necessary.  [Lecture  i.]"—Prof.  SmyWs  Lectures  on 
Modem  H'dory. 

"  Mr.  Butler  h.as  produced  a  work  of  great  curiosity  and  interest, 
Md  one  which  must  at  the  present  period  be  peculiiirly  acceptable. 
Me  know,  indeed,  of  no  othew  works,  in  this  or  any  language,  in 
which  this  regular  series  of  information  on  the  Germanic  Kmpire 
oan  be  found."— SnteA  Critic,  July,  1813. 
312  ' 


BUT 

It  will  be  found  in  vol.  2d  of  Mr.  Butler's  works. 

Fearne's  Essay  on  Contingent  Remainders  and  Execu. 
tof-j-  Devises,  6th  edit,,  with  Notes,  1809,  8vo. 

'■  The  study  of  this  pi-ofouod  and  useful  work  .Mr.  Butler  greatly 
tiicilitated  by  his  clear  arrangement  and  intelligent  notes." — Lim. 
Gtnt.  Mug..  l'S32. 

We  may  mention  that  the  10th  edit,  of  Fearne's  Essay 
was  pub.  by  Josiah  W.  Smith,  Esq.,  Lon.,  1844,  2  vols, 
r.  8vo;  this  edit,  includes  Mr.  Butler's  notes.  Life  and 
Writings  of  J.  B.  Bossuet,  Bishop  of  Meaux,  Lon  ,  1SI2, 
8vo. 

"The  reader  will  do  well  to  procure  Mr.  Butler's  pleasing  bio 
graphical  Memoir  of  Bossuet." — Dr.  T.  F.  Dibdis. 

Historical  Memoirs  of  the  English,  Irish,  and  Scottish 
Catholics  since  the  Reformation,  Ac.,  3d  edit.,  consider- 
ably augmented,  Lon.,  1822,  4  vols.  8vo.  The  Life  of  Eras- 
mus, with  Historical  Remarks  on  the  State  of  Literature 
between  the  tenth  and  sixteenth  Centuries,  Lou.,  1825, 
8vo.  An  Historical  and  Literary  Account  of  the  Formu- 
laries, Confessions  of  Faith,  or  Symbolic  Books  of  the  Ro- 
man Catholic,  Greek,  and  Principal  Protestant  Churches, 
1816,  8vo;  appended  to  this  were  ibur  Essays,  of  which 
the  last  was  the  celebrated  one  on  the  Reunion  of  Chris- 
tians, which  elicited  much  censure.  Respecting  this  essay 
the  author  remarks  in  a  letter  to  Dr.  Parr : 

"  Ihe  chief  aim  of  all  my  writings  has  been  to  put  Catholic  and 
Protestant  into  good  humour  with  one  another,  and  Catholics  into 
a  good  humour  with  themselves.  .  .  .  I  never  had  any  notion  that 
the  reunion  of  Christians  was  practicable." 

It  is  certainly  better  to  agree  to  disagree,  than  to  disa- 
gree in  the  effort  to  agree. 

A  Continuation  of  the  Rev.  Alban  Butler's  Lives  of  the 
Saints  to  the  present  time,  Ac,  1823.  The  Book  of  the 
Roman  Catholic  Church,  in  a  Scries  of  Letters  addressed 
to  Robert  Southey,  Esq.,  in  his  Book  of  the  Church,  1825, 
Svo.  Mr.  Southey  refers  to  this  publication  in  his  letters 
to  John  May,  Esq.,  March  16,  and  to  Rev.  Robert  Philip, 
Aug.  15,  1825:  he  reviewed  it  also  in  tlie  Quart.  Review, 
xxxiii.  1 ;  xxxvi.  305  :  see  also  Edin.  Review,  xliii.  125. 
As  we  h.ave  not  room  to  quote  the  statements  of  both  par- 
ties, of  course  we  shall  give  neither.  Mr.  Butler  in  the 
second  vol.,  p.  59,  of  his  Reminiscences,  enumerates  no 
less  than  ten  replies  which  were  elicited  by  this  work.  He 
answered  his  objectors  in  A  Letter  to  the  Rt.  Rev.  C.  J. 
Blomfield,  Bishop  of  Chester,  1825.  and  in  his  Vindication 
of  the  Book  of  the  Roman  Catholic  Church,  Ac.,  1826, 
Svo.  The  Vindication  elicited  six  additional  replies  (!) 
See  Butler's  Reminiscences,  vol.  ii.  62,  which  were  noticed 
by  Mr.  B.  in  an  Appendix  to  his  Vindication.  His  Re- 
miniscences, a  most  interesting  work,  was  pub.  vol.  i. 
1822;  vol.  ii.  1827.  For  a  biographical  sketch  of  Mr. 
Butler,  and  notices  of  his  publications,  see  Gent.  Mag., 
1832,  269.  We  have  already  referred  to  the  collective 
edit,  of  his  works,  Lon.,  1817,  5  vols.  Svo.  Mr.  Bntler, 
following  the  example  of  his  celebrated  uncle,  was  a  most 
diligent  student.     He  tells  us  that 

"  Very  early  rising,  a  systematic  division  of  his  time,  abstinence 
from  all  company,  and  fiom  all  diversions  not  likely  to  amuse  him 
highly. — from  reading,  writing,  or  even  thinking  on  modern  party 
politics, — and,  above  all,  never  permitting  a  scrap  of  time  to  be 
unemployed. — have  supplied  him  with  an  abundance  of  literary 
hours.  His  literary  acquisitions  are  principallv  owing  to  the  rigid 
observance  of  four  rules:  to  dii-ect  his  attention  to  one  literary 
object  only  at  a  time;  to  read  the  best  work  upon  it,  consulting 
others  as  little  as  possible ;  when  the  subjects  were  contentious, 
to  read  the  best  book  on  each  side ;  to  find  out  men  of  information, 
and  when  in  their  society,  to  listen,  not  to  talk." 

Butler,  Charles.  Introduction  to  Algebra,  Lon., 
1800  :  to  the  Mathematics,  with  notices  of  authors  and 
their  works,  Oxf.,  1814,  2  vols.  Svo. 

Butler,  Clement  Moore,  D.D.,  b.  ISIO,  Troy,  N.  T. 
Year  of  the  Church;  a  Poem.  Common  Prayer  Book  in- 
terpreted by  its  History.     Old  Truths  and  New  Errors. 

Butler,  D.  Funeral  Serm.  on  Sir  Cloudesley  Shovel, 
1707,  8vo. 

Bntler,  Frances  Anne.     See  Kemble. 

Butler,  George,  D.D.,  Dean  of  Peterborough.  Serm., 
Matt,  xxviii.  18-20.  Festival  of  the  Sous  of  the  Clergy, 
Lon.,  1843,  Svo. 

Butler,  Mrs.  H.  1.  Love's  Mazes.  2.  Count  Eu- 
genie ;  novels,  1S06,  '07. 

Butler,  Lady  Harriot.  Memoirs  from  her  MS., 
1761,  2  vols.  12mo. 

Butler,  Hon.  Henry.  To  the  Electors  of  Eng- 
land, 1809  ;  on  the  Necessity  of  a  Reform  in  Parliament, 
1809. 

Butler,  J.  History  and  Picturesque  Guide  to  the  Isle 
of  Wight,  ISOfi,  12mo. 

Butler,  James.  Extent  and  Limits  of  Subjection 
due  to  Princes ;  serm.,  Rom.  xiii.  1,  1707,  Svo. 


BUT 


BUT 


Butler,  James.  Justification  of  the  Tenets  of  the 
Romiin  Ciitlu'liL'  Religion.  17S7,  8vo. 

Butler,  John,  Chaplain  to  James,  Duke  of  Ormond. 
An  Acciniiit  of  Time,  stating  the  day,  hour,  and  minute 
of  our  Saviiiur's  Nativity,  Lon.,  1671,  Svd.  Kalendar, 
Scriptural  and  Astronomical,  for  live  years,  during  and 
after  Christ's  Ministry,  1671,  Svo.  Serm.,  1(>7S,  4to.  As- 
trology, I6S0,  Svo.  Last  Legacy,  16St),  Svo.  Bellua  Ma- 
rina ;  Hist.  Descrip.  of  the  Papal  Empire  from  Prophecy, 
1090.  Svo. 

Butler,  John,  D.D.,  1717-1S02,  a  native  of  Ham- 
burg, become  a  private  tutor  in  the  family  of  Mr.  Child, 
a  banker.  He  obtained  the  living  of  Everly.  Wiltshire  ; 
was  made  liij^hup  of  Oxfurd,  1777;  and  tnmylated  to  the 
see  of  Hereford,  1788.  He  pub.  a  number  of  poUtii-al 
tracts,  and  several  sermons,  174li-7S.  His  discdurses  and 
two  charges  were  cidlected  by  him,  and  pub.  in  18(11, 
under  the  title  of  Select  Sermons,  &c.,  Svo. 

"They  appear  to  be  the  plain,  serinns.  .ind  impressive  dictates 
of  the  mind.  They  abound  not  with  laboured  ornaments  and 
well-turned  periods,  but  with  attractions  of  a  preferable  kind. — 
with  sriund  sense  and  rational  piety.  We  recommend  both  them 
[the  charges'!  and  the  sermons  to  the  serious  attentiouof  the  clergy 
and  the  public.'' — Lott.  Montldy  Kevieto. 

The  Letters  of  Junius  were  at  one  time  ascribed  to  this 
prelate. 

Butler,  John.  Brief  Reflections  on  the  Liberty  of 
the  British  Subject :  addressed  to  the  Right  Hon.  Edmund 
Burke  ;  occasioned  by  his  publication  on  the  French  Revo- 
lution. Canterb.,  179"l,  Svo. 

Butler,  Joseph,  1692-1752,  a  very  eminent  prelate, 
was  bnrn  at  Wantage,  in  Berkshire,  where  his  father,  a 
Presbyterian,  was  a  respectable  tradesman.  Joseph  was 
the  youngest  of  eight  children,  and  evinced  at  an  early 
age  those  powers  of  mind  for  which  he  afterwards  became 
so  distinguished.  His  father  designed  him  for  the  minis- 
try in  hi.'?  mvii  den-iininntiou,  and  |ilaced  him  at  a  Dissent- 
ing academy  in  Tewkeslmrj'  ;  but  an  examination  of  the 
principles  of  the  Church  of  England  resulted  in  a  deter- 
mination to  enter  its  communion.  Accordingly  in  1714 
he  was  received  as  a  commoner  of  Oriel  College,  Oxford. 
At  college  he  formed  a  friendship  with  Mr.  Eilmund  Tal- 
bot, son  of  Bishop  Talbot,  and  to  this  fortunate  alliance 
he  was  indebted  fur  his  future  preferment.  In  1718  he 
was  appointed  preacher  at  the  Rolls,  which  post  he  re- 
tained till  1720,  in  the  beginning  of  which  year  he  pub- 
lished Fifteen  Sermons  preached  at  the  Hulls  Chapel,  of 
which  a  second  edition  appeared  in  1729.  Subsequently 
there  were  added  to  this  collection.  Six  Sermons  preached 
upon  puldic  occasions. 

'■In  these  adniii'iible  di.scourses  may  plainly  be  discovered  the 
germs  of  those  principles  of  analogy  which  were  afterwards  de- 
veloped by  him  in  his  celebrated  worli." 

"Of  these  ?ernions.  considered  as  di^iiuisitions  on  the  philoso- 
phy of  morals  and  reli^^ion.  it  is  diffiriilt  to  speak  in  terms  of 
proper  and  commensurate  commendation.  Thev  exhibit  a  rare 
combination  of  nearly  all  the  excellencie.s  of  which  compositions 
of  this  class  are  susceptible,  and  are.  generally,  remarkably  free 
from  most  of  the  defects  and  blemishes  of  abstru.sely  arirumenta^ 
tive  sermons.  They  are  chartreable.  however,  with  one  serious  and 
capital  deficiency — a  deficiency  of  evangelical  sentiment." — Cun- 
ninghani's  Ti'og.  /list. 

'■  Able  and  ar^'umentative,  but  fitter  for  the  closet  than  the 
pulpit.  More  useful  to  give  haViits  of  thinking,  than  to  raise  to 
communinn  with  Hod." — Bickersteth. 

In  1722  he  was  presented  by  Bishop  Talbot  with  the 
benefice  of  Haughtun,  which  he  exchanged  in  1725  for 
that  of  Stanhope,  where  he  i-emained  for  seven  years. 
He  was  in  this  retired  country  parish,  when  Queen  Caro- 
line asked  whether  he  was  not  dead;  to  which  it  was  an- 
swered, "  No.  madam,  but  he  is  buried."  In  173^:^  he  was 
appointed  Chaplain  to  the  Lord-Chancellor  Talbot;  and 
in  three  years  afterwards  he  was  made  clerk  of  the  closet 
to  her  Majesty.  In  17.'i8  he  was  raised  to  the  Bishopric 
of  Bristol,  and  in  17o0  was  translated  to  the  See  of  Dur- 
ham. In  the  following  year  he  delivered  to  the  clergy  of 
his  diocese  a  charge,  in  which  he  sets  forth  the  great 
value  of  external  forms  and  institutes  in  religion.  This 
charge  was  published,  and  elicited  a  pamphlet  from  an 
anonymous  writer,  entitled.  A  Serious  Inquiry  into  the 
Use  and  Importance  of  External  Religion,  occasioned  by 
some  passages  in  the  Right  Reverend  the  Lord  Bishop  of 
Durham's  Charge  to  the  Clergy  of  that  Diocese.  He  was 
a  man  of  uncommon  liberality  of  disposition,  and  ex- 
pended £401)0  in  the  repairs  and  enlbe^i^hment  of  the 
episcopal  palace  at  Bristol — which  was  a  larger  sum  than 
he  received  from  the  bishopric  during  his  continuance  in 
the  see.  He  one  day  asked  his  steward  how  much  money 
was  in  the  house :  to  which  it  was  answered,  *'  Five  hun- 
dred pounds,"     **  Five  hundred  pounds  !"  exclaimed  the 


worthy  prelate,  "what  a  shame  for  a  bishop  to  have  so 
much  money  in  the  house  at  one  time  !"  He  then  ordered 
a  great  part  of  it  to  be  distributed  to  the  poor.  Shortly 
after  he  had  been  seated  in  his  new  bishopric,  his  health 
began  to  decline,  and  in  1752  he  died  at  Bath,  in  the  sixty- 
first  year  of  his  age.  He  was  never  married.  The  piety 
of  Bishop  Butler  was  full  of  seriousness,  humility,  and 
tervoui.  Filu-eu  years  after  his  decease,  a  declaration  was 
published  by  an  anonymous  writer  to  the  effect  that  the 
bishoyj  had  died  in  the  communion  of  the  Church  of  Rome. 
This  falsehood  was  amply  refuted  by  Archbkshop  Seeker. 

"This  stnnjre  slander,  founded  on  the  weakest  pretences,  and 
most  trivial  circumstances,  that  can  be  ima^diied,  no  one  was 
better  qualified  to  confute  than  the  archbishop ;  as  well  from  hiy 
lon^'  and  intimate  knowled.^e  of  Bislxip  Butler,  as  from  the  infor- 
mation given  him  at  the  time,  by  thoNe  who  attended  his  lordship 
in  his  last  illness,  and  were  with  him  when  he  died." — Bp,  Por- 
teus's  Life  of  Secktr. 

The  last  edit,  of  his  works,  with  a  Preface  by  Bishop  Hali- 
fax, was  pub.  in  1849,  2  vols.  Svo,  at  the  Oxf.  Univ.  Press. 
We  now  come  to  speak  of  that  great  work,  which  will 
secure  the  veneration  of  the  world  for  the  name  of  Butler, 
as  long  as  either  religion  or  philosophy  are  held  in  esteem 
by  mankind.  The  Analogy  of  Religion,  Jsatural  and 
Revealed,  to  the  constitution  and  course  of  nature,  ap- 
peared in  the  same  year  in  which  the  author  was  made 
clerk  of  the  closet  to  Queen  Caroline.  This  work  is  less 
surprising  when  considered  as  the  production  of  the  same 
mind  which  twenty-fave  years  before  (when  Butler  was  a 
youth  of  nineteen  at  the  Tewkesbury  Academy)  had  asto- 
nished Doctor  Clarke  with  the  profundity  of  its  disquisi- 
tions on  his  Demonstration  of  the  Being  and  Attributes  of 
God.  It  has  been  remarked  that  *'  the  same  reach  and 
sagacity  of  intellect  which  characterize  all  Butler's  subse- 
quent performances  are  exhibited  to  the  greatest  advan- 
tage in  these  letters  to  Dr.  Clarke." 

The  Analogy  ever  "since  its  first  publication,  has  been  univer- 
sally considered  as  beyond  comparison  the  ablest  treatise  on  the 
philosophy  of  religion.  As  a  preparation  for  the  student  of  the 
evidences  of  natural  and  revealed  relij^ion,  it  is  invaluable;  since 
it  both  annihilates  the  most  formidable  a  pHori  objections  of  the 
infidel,  and  is  admirably  fitted  to  form  the  mind  to  the  serious  and 
earnest  pursuit  of  truth.  To  good  men  of  a  speculative  turn  of 
mind,  who  are  tormented  by  the  frequent  recurrence  of  skeptical 
doubts,  it  has  always  proved  an  inestimal>le  blessing;  and  even 
infidels  have  been  compelled  to  acknowledge  its  superlative  excel- 
lence as  a  piece  of  reasoning." 

'•  Bishop  Butler  is  one  of  those  creative  geniuses  who  give  a  cha- 
racter to  their  times.  His  preat  work.  The  Analogy  of  Keligion, 
has  fixed  the  admiration  of  all  competent  judges  for  nearly  a  cen- 
tury, and  will  continue  to  be  studied  so  long  as  the  language  in 
which  he  wrote  endures.  The  mind  of  a  master  pervades  it.  .  .  . 
There  are  in  his  writinL'sa  vastness  of  idea,  a  reach  and  generaliza-- 
tioii  of  reasoning,  a  native  simplicity  and  grandeur  of  thought, 
whirli  <-nMini,iiuland  till  the  mind.  .  .  .  He  is  amonerst  the  few  classic 
autliM]  s  of  the  first  rank  in  modern  literature.  He  takes  his  place 
with  Bacon  and  Pascal  and  Newton."— Bp.  Wilson:  Pref.  to  Anal. 
Mr.  Hallam,  in  a  dissertation  of  considerable  length 
upon  Bishop  Cumberland's  De  Legibus  Natura;  Disqui- 
sitio  Philosophica,  shows  under  what  obligations  both 
Butler  and  Paley  rested  to  this  author.  (Introduction  to 
the  Lit.  Hist,  of  Europe.) 

Butler  quotes  the  following  observation  of  Ori gen's,  (Phi- 
local..)  and  perhaps  we  may  consider  it  as  the  text  upon 
which  he  based  his  Analogy: 

"  He  who  believes  the  Scriptures  to  have  proceeded  from  Him  who 
is  the  author  of  \ature.  may  well  expect  to  find  the  same  sort  of 
difficulties  in  it  as  are  found  in  the  constitution  of  Xature." 

'Mithers  had  established  the  historical  and  prophetical  i^rounds 
of  the  Christian  Relitrion.  and  that  sure  testimony  of  its  truth 
which  is  found  in  its  perfect  adaptation  to  the  heart  of  man:  it 
was  reserved  for  him  to  develope  its  analogy  to  the  constitutioa 
and  course  of  natiu-e:  and.  layimr  his  sti-ong  foundations  in  the 
depth  of  that  great  arirument,  tbiTi'  to  construct  another  and  ii-re- 
fra'.'able  proof,  thus  renderiii'-T  I'hilMsnjiliy  subservient  to  Faith; 
'  and  finding:  in  outward  and  ^  isiblc  ibiiiLrs.  the  type  and  evidence 
of  them  within  the  vail.'' — From  the  Kpituph  on  his  Monument  in 
Bristol  Coihedral. 

"To  a  mind  disposed  to  view  with  calmness,  humility,  and  re- 
verence, the  whole  system  of  providence,  so  far  as  it  is  pei'mitted 
to  man  to  view  '  the  work  which  God  niakef  h  from  the  beirinning 
to  the  end,'  Dr.  Butler  has  unfolded  the  analo|:y.  or  relation  of  the 
I  course  of  nature  to  reliirion.  bv  which  all  tbintrs  are  found  to  pro- 
ceed in  harmony  from  Him.  who  hath  made  nothing  imperfect.     I 
'  think  this  preat  performance  of  Butler  has  peculiar  force,  when  it 
;  is  considered  in  the  conclusion  of  our  ivliginus  researches,  and  not 
as  part  of  the  ori^rinal  proofs:  or  as  Lord  Bacon  expresses  himself, 
'Tanquam  pnrtum  et  fi^abbathum  humanarum  contemplationum 
I  omnium.'      fDe  .\ug.  Scientiar.,  lib.  iii.]" — Pnrsiats  of  Litfraturi. 
I       Dr.  Chalmers  pronounces   Bishop  Butler's  Sermons  to 
I  contain 

'■  The  most  precious  repository  of  sound  ethical  principles  extant 
in  any  laURuage." 

But  Dr.  Wardlaw,  in  his  Christian  Ethics,  designates 
Bishop  Butler's  moral  system  as  that  ''of  Zeno  baptized 
into  Christ." 

313 


BUT 

•'ThatthereissuchalhinaasaOTKi-scnfnafKre  none  ran  deny.  ; 
This  therefore,  is  the  grounil  on  whii-h  Butler  taltes  his  stand, 
whereon  he  fixes  a  lever  th.^t  shakes  the  strongholds  of  unbelief 
even  to  their  foundation;  for  on  comparinR  this  scheme  of  nature 
with  the  scheme  of  revelation,  there  is  found  a  most  singular  cor- 
respondence between  the  several  parts.— such  a  corivspondence  as 
gives  very  strong  re.ison  for  believing  that  the  author  of  one  is  the 

author  of  both. 

'  A^  hat  if  earth 
Be  hut  the  shadow  of  he,iyen.  and  tbiuss  therein  ^  _^ 

■      Each  to  each  other  like,  more  than  on  earth  is  Ihouirht, 

!-ee  Quarterly  Keview,  vol.  xliii.  Ih^. 
"  No  author  has  made  a  more  just  and  a  more  happy  use  of  this 
mode  of  reasoning  than  Bishop  Butler,  in  his  Analngn  nf  RrXujmn. 
In  that  excellent  work  the  author  does  not  ground  any  ot  the 
truths  of  religion  upon  analogy  as  their  proper  evidence;  he  only 
makes  use  of  analogy  to  answer  objections  against  them  ^^  hen 
objections  are  made  against  the  truths  of  religion,  which  ni:iy  be 
made  with  equal  strength  against  what  we  know  to  be  true  in  the 
course  of  nature,  such  objections  can  have  no  weight.  —Kaa  s 
Essai/xrm  IJn- liilMctwl  rmiiers.  ti  oj 

Dr.  Reid  also  notices  in  his  Active  Powers,  lissay  dd, 
the  important  distinction  which  Up.  Butler  makes 

"  Between  sudden  anger  or  resentment,  which  is  a  blind  impulse, 
arisiu"  from  our  constitution,  and  that  which  is  deliberate.  Ihe 
first  may  be  raised  by  hurt  of  any  kind ;  but  the  last  can  only  be 
raised  by  injury,  reiil.  or  conceived.  Both  these  kinds  of  anger  or 
res'entment  are  raised  whether  the  hurt  or  injury  be  done  to  oui- 
selves  or  to  those  we  are  interested  in."  ^ 

To  the  Analogy  are  appended  two  dissertations :  1.  On 
Personal  Identity.  2.  On  tlie  Nature  of  Virtue.  In  the 
first,  Mr.  Loclce's  account  of  personal  identity  is  considered 

"Refuted  in  a  stvle  which  shows  that  h.ad  he  concentrated  his 
attention  up  .n  the  philnsopbv  of  the  human  mind,  he  might  have 
celinsed  the  fame  of  some  of  the  greatest  metaphysicians.  In  the 
second,  he  propounds  and  illustrates  with  great  perspicuity  the 
same  theory  of  virtue  on  which  he  had  before  insisted  in  the  pre- 
fiice  to  his  sermons."  ^        u  ^ 

"  We  think  that  the  illustrious  Bishop  of  Durham  has  exhausted 
the  subject  I  Personal  Identitvl  by  slating  fairly  the  opinions  which 
he  controverts,  and  by  establishing  his  own  upon  a  foundalion 
which  cannot  be  shaken,  and  which  are  certainly  not  injured  by 
the  objections  of  Mr.  Cooper."— Bucj/c.  Bnl.         ,      .  ,    ^,  , 

Our  eminent  author  has  been  compared  with  the  cele- 
brated American  philosopher— Jonathan  Edwards. 

"  Mr  Edwards  comes  nearer  Bishop  Butler  as  a  philosophical 
divine  th.an  any  other  theologian  with  whom  we  .are  .acf|u;iinted. 
His  style,  like  Butler-s,  is  very  much  that  of  a  man  thinking  aloud. 
In  both  these  authors,  the  train  of  thinking  in  their  own  minds  is 
more  clearly  exhibited  to  us  than  perhaps  by  any  other  author, 
whilst  they  show  us  with  great  truth  and  distinctness,  what  their 
notions  are.  and  how  they  came  by  them,  with  very  little  concern 
about  the  form  of  expression  in  which  they  are  conveyed.  Butler, 
however,  had  a  larger  mind  than  Kd%vards.  and  was  by  no  means 
so  much  of  a  mere  dialectician.  If.  therefore,  he  be  less  acute  than 
the  American,  he  is  more  comprehensive,  and  gives  fairer  play  to 
every  opposing  argument." — Encyc.  Brit.  ,        i  . 

Lord  Kames,  speaking  of  devotion  as  being  natural  to 

man,  adils,  in  a  note,  j .      o 

'■  See  this  principle  beautifully  explained  and  illuslratcd  in  a  her- 
■    I     ^      1      p.-,.  J  1...  T^...,f.,..  r(„, i>i<l...[)  ,,t  Durliani. — 


BUT 

rmdtrs ;  and  those,  too,  persons  of  an  improved  taste,  and  cult|. 
Tated  minds."  .     ,   ,  ,■   .i   j  i.i. 

Few  productions  of  the  human  mind  have  elicited  the 
lab'oa/s  of  so  many  learned  commentators  as  have  em- 
ployed their  talents  in  the  exposition  of  Butler's  Analogy. 
We  notice  the  editions  of  (1)  Duke;  2.  Bushy,  1840;  3. 
I>u<'he,  1842  ;  4.  Halifax,  last  ed.,  1.S44  ;  5.  Wilson,  7th  ed,, 
1841; ;  6,  Sir  G.  W.  Craufurd,  3d  ed.,  1847  ;  7.  Wilkinson, 
1847;  last  ed.,  1863;  8.  Fitzgerald,  1848;  9.  Hutton,  last 
ed.,  ISo.i:  10.  Angus,  I85,i ;  II.  (Jorle.  1S57;  12.  Steere, 
1857  To  these  may  be  added  the  American  edits.:  13. 
Bishop  Hohart;  14.  Rev.  B.  F.  Tefft ;  15.  Rev.  Albert 
Barnes,  last  ed.,  (Bon.,)  1S51  ;  16.  Rev.  Drs.  Emory  and 
Crooks.  1856:  17.  Howard  Malcom,  D.D.,  1S57, 

'■His  qrral  work  on  the  Analogy  of  Kdigim  to  the  Course  of 
Naturr,  though  only  a  commentary  on  the  singularly  original 
and  pre-nant.Vss.age  of  Origen,  which  is  so  honestly  prehxed  to  it 
as  a  motto,  is  notwithst.anding,  the  most  original  and  profound 
work  extant  in  any  language,  on  the  Philosophy  of  Religion,  llis 
ethical  discussions  are  contained  in  those  deep,  and  sometimes 
dark  Dissertations,  which  he  preached  at  the  Chaiiel  of  the  Rolls, 
and  afterwards  published  under  the  name  of  *rmons.  while  he 
was  yet  fresh  from  the  schools,  and  full  of  that  courage  with  which 
youth  often  delights  to  exercise  its  strength  in  abstract  reasoning, 
and  to  push  its  faculties  into  the  recesses  of  abstruse  speculation. 
In  these  sermons  he  has  taught  truths,  more  capable  of  being 
exactly  distinguished  from  the  doctrines  of  his  predecessors,  more 
satisfactorily  established  by  him,  more  comprehensively  applied 
to  particulars,  more  rationally  connected  with  each  other,  and 
therefore  more  worthy  of  the  name  of  dimnxi-y,  than  any  with 
which  we  are  acquainted ;  if  we  ought  not,  with  some  hesitation, 
to  except  the  first  steps  of  the  Grecian  philosophers  towards  a 
theory  of  morals.  .  .  .  There  are  few  circumstances  more  remark- 
able than  the  small  number  of  Butler's  followers  in  Ethics;  and 
it  is  perhaps  still  more  observable,  that  his  opinions  were  not  so 
much  rejected,  as  overlooked.  It  is  an  insUnce  of  the  importance 
of  style.  No  thinker  so  great  was  ever  so  bad  a  writer.  Indeed, 
the  ingenious  apologies  which  have  been  lately  •■'jtemptod  for  this 
defect  amount  to  no  more  than  that  his  power  of  thought  was  too 
much  for  his  skill  in  language.  How  general  must  the  reception 
have  been  of  truths  so  certain  and  momentous  as  those  contained 
in  Butler's  Discourse.s— with  how  much  more  clearness  must  they 
have  appeared  to  his  own  great  underst^inding,  if  he  had  possessed 
the  stren-th  and  distinctness  with  which  Iloblies  enforces  odious 
falsehood,  or  the  unspeakable  charm  of  that  t™,"''P?,''f"*  ''V'*'™ 
which  clothed  the  unfruitful  paradoxes  of  Berkeley  I  — Snt  J1ME9 
i,it.n\stOin:  -id  rrelim.  Dissert,  to  Encyc.Bnt. 

From  the  preface  to  Dr.  Angus's  edit,  (which  the  Key. 
Dr.  T.  H.  Home,  in  a  private  letter,  especially  commends 
as  worthy  of  our  attention)  we  extract  the  following : 

'■I  know  of  no  author  who  h,as  ni.ade  a  more  just  and  happy  use 
of  analogical  reasoning  than  Bishop  Butler  in  his  'Analogy  of  Ke- 
lit^ion.'" — Dr.  Thom.xs  Rkid.  . 

°'The  most  original  and  profound  work  extant  in  any  language 
on  the  philosophy  of  religion."— Sm  J.  Mackintosh;  Frogress  of 

"The'most  argumentative  and  philosophical  defence  of  Chris- 
tianity ever  submitted  to  the  world."— Lord  Brooge.vm;  A  Disc. 

"■''"The  autho'rVvviiom  I  am  under  the  greatest  obligations  is 
Bishop  Butler."  '  The  whole  .,f  this  admirable  treatise— one  of  the 
most  remarkable  that  any  language  can  produce-;-is  intended  to 


mon  upon  the  Love  of  God,  by  Doctor  Bnler.l  . 
a  writer  of  ihe  first  rank."-.S/.-cte;ics  of  the  Ihsl.oy  „/  l/,,,..  vol  iv. 
"  Every  reader  nf  Butler's  Sermons  must  be  sensible,  that  they 
afford  an  admir.al.le  proof  nf  his  sag.acity  in  treating  moral  ques- 
tions We  cannot  hut  think  that  what  he  hath  advanced,  on  the 
several  subiects  discussed  by  him.  is  decisive ;  and  hat  he  ought 
forever  to  have  silenced  those  philosophers  who  resolve  .all  human 
actions  into  the  sole  principle  of  self-love.  It  should  ho  remem- 
bered that  our  author's  Sermons  are  chiefly  to  be  considered  as  pln- 
losophic.al  and  moral  discourses,  addressed  to  a  select  auditory;  for 
thev  can  by  no  means  be  regarded  as  general  models  of  preaching. 

The  obscurity  of  Butler's  style  has  been  frequently  ob- 
jected to.  And  vet  both  the  Sermons  and  the  Analogy 
had  received  the  revision  of  the  accurate  and  perspicuous 
Seeker.  M.tinwaring,  in  his  Dissertation  on  the  Composi- 
tion of  Sermons,  whilst  ho  greatly  commended  Bishop  But-  '  ^-^^^^^p  Butler  tban'I  have  bee 
ler's  writings  also  refers  to  this  imputed  want  of  clearness  range  of  our  extant  authorship. 
%  \   t         "  Treatise,  Pref 

of  style :  ,        i,.     1 

"  Newton  and  Locke,  who  rescued  learning  from  the  si 
systems,  and  tau-ht  men  to  think  for  themselves,  were  both 
laity   and  both  friends  to  revealed  relirion.     Since  their  _ 
other  writer  arosr..  whose  vein  of  thinking  is  alike  origi: 
w-hose  works.  thnii._.b  he  bad  neither  the  gitt  of  eloquence,  nor  the 
art  of  exm-essiiig  biios.lf  wilh  gr.ace  or  ease,  have  done  honour  to 
his  country      The  m.^tbod  of  reasoning  he  chielly  adopts,  is  an  ap- 
peal to  fails,  of  which  all  men  are  judges;  and  even  when  most 
abstruse  or  abstracted,  it  is  not  perplexed  or  fallacious.     lor  meta- 
nhysics  which  had  nothing  to  support  it  but  mere  abstraction,  or 
sh.adowy  speculation.  Bishop  Butler  hath  placed  on  the  firm  basis 
of  observation  and  experiment:  and,  by  pursuing  precisely  the 


show  that  the  principles  of  moral  government  taught  in  the  Scrip- 
tures are  strictly  analogous  to  those  everyvvliere  exhibited  in  the 
government  of  the  world  as  seen  in  natural  religion.  -DE.  Wit- 
Liro:  3fcra!  P7i  .7..  p.  5;  /nW.P'ii'.,  p.  338. 
1  "I  am  ready  to  acknowle.lge  that  I  trace  so  distinctl.y  to  his 
writing's  the  oj-igin  of  the  soundest  and  clearest  vnews  that  I  pos- 
Teas  upon  the  nature  of  the  human  mind,  that  I  could  not  write 
upon  this  or  any  kindred  subject  without  a  consciousness  that  1 
was,  directly  of  indirectly,  borrowing  largely  from  hun.  — UB. 
O'Bmr.ti-  Sermoyi.'ionihe  ITuman  Nature  qt  our  Lord. 

"  It  is  from  this  hook  that  I  have  been  confirmed  in  many  truths 
of  which  it  does  not  speak  a  word  and  which  probably  never 
entereil  the  mind  of  the  autbor."— Dr.  McCrie:  ii/c.p.  84. 

I  have  derived  greater  aid  from  the  views  and  reasonings  of 

-        -  ■  •      n  able  to  find  besides  in  the  whole 

De.  Ch.vlmers:    Bridgeviater 


same  mode  of  reasoning  in  the  science  of  morals,  as  his  fea'  P'' 
decessor  Newton  had  done  in  the  system  of  nature,  hath  formed 
and  concluded  a  happy  alliance  between  liiith  and  philosophy.  The 
Sermons  he  published,  excepting  some  tew  of  a  more  popular  cast, 
are  deep  disquisitions  on  the  plan  of  his  Ana'.ogy.  w'ell  suited  to  a 
learned  audience,  in  an  .age  so  fond  of  enquiry,  although  the  im- 
propriety of  preaching  them  appeared  to  him  to  require  some 
apolo-v.  But  surely  such  an  exercise  of  the  understanding,  if  the 
hearers  are  capable  of  it,  must  meliorate  the  heart,  "esides.  1 
cannot  but  wish,  that,  as  there  is  so  great  an  abundance  ot  the 
practical  sort,  some  sermons  were  written  chiefly  with  a  view  to 
311 


mains  of.iiy  J.  B..\^^^^.  ,      „     «_  t,        ■      .,  io=; 

"I  am  an  entire  disciple  of  Butler."-CECIl:  Rcmairj. ,  p.  IM. 

Butler,  Lilly,  D.D.,  Vicar  of  St.  Mary.  Alderman- 
bury,  London,  1601 ;  Prebendary  of  Canterbury.  Ser- 
mons, pub.  separately.  16<n-1716.  .  „^   „  ., 

Butler,  Piers  Edmund,  Curate  of  St.  Margarets, 
Ipswi.-h.  The  Rationality  of  Revealed  Religion  illustrated 
in  a  Series  of  Sermons.  Ac,  Ipswich,  1835,  12mo 

Butler,  Robert,  M.D.  Blood-letting,  Lon.,  1734,  Svo. 

Butler,  S.    An  Essay  upon  Education,  Lon„  s.a,  8vo. 

Butler,  Samuel,  1612-16S0,  the  author  of  Hndibras, 
was  a  native  of  Strensha.n.  a  parish  in  Worcestershire 
He  was  sent  to  the  cathedral  scho.d  in  Worcestershire,  and 
thence,  it  is  said,  to  Cambridge,  but  to  what  co  lege  is  not 
known.  Returning  home,  he  became  a  clerk  to  Mr.  ,Ief- 
feries  of  Earls  Croombe,  which  situation  he  was  so  loriunate 


BUT 

as  to  exchange  for  a  place  in  the  household  of  Elizabeth, 
Countess  of  Kent,  where  he  made  the  acquaintance  and 
frieudbhip  of  her  ladyship's  steward,  the  great  Selden. 
This  intimacy  was  no  doubt  improved  by  Butler  to  his  in- 
tellectual protit.  We  subsequently  find  him  an  inmate  in 
the  family  of  Sir  Samuel  Luke,  a  gentleman  uf  Bedford- 
shire, and  a  commander  of  note  under  Cromwell.  Sir 
Samuel  is  the  original  of  Hudibras.  After  the  Restora- 
tion he  was  made  secretary  to  Kichard,  Earl  of  Carbury, 
(the  friend  of  Jbrkmy  Taylor,  7.  ?'.,)  who  ap])ninted  him 
steward  of  Ludlow  Castle.  lie  became  united  in  marriage 
about  this  time  to  a  Mrs.  Herbert,  a  lady  of  fortune,  which 
was  lost  by  unfortunate  investments.  lu  1663  he  pub.  the 
1st  part  of  Hudibras  ;  2d  part,  1664  ;  3d  part,  1678  ;  more 
was  doubtless  intended,  fur  the  poem  is  unfinished,  aud 
ends  abruptly.  Three  parts,  Lon.,  1700,  and  1710.  1716, 
1720,  12uio.  With  large  Annotations,  aud  a  preface  by 
Dr.  Z.  Grey,  aud  plates  by  Hogarth,  Camh.,  17-14,  2  vols. 
8vo,  and  1819.  3  vols.  8vo.  With  an  addit.  vol.  of  Notes 
by  Dr.  Nasb,  Lon.,  1793,  3  vols.  4to  ;  new  edit.,  illustrated. 
Lon.,  1847,  2  vols.  8vo.  Trans,  into  French  by  Townley, 
Lon.,  1757,  3  vols.  12mo,  and  1819,  3  vols.  12mo,  with 
Notes  by  Larcher : 

"Hudibras  has  been  admirably  translated  into  Toltan-e's  own 
language  by  an  Knglish  gentleman,  (J.  Townlfy,)  whose  version 
displays  a.  singular  union  of  spirit  and  fidelity." 

"  Scarron  is  among  French  writers  what  Butler  is  amongst  our 
own," 

Dr.  Grey's  edit,  has  been  highly  commended  : 
"The  best  critical  edition  of  this  author  was  by  Dr.  Grey,  in 
1744;  a  performance  replete  with  curious,  interesting,  and  accu- 
rate historical  and  bibliographical  int -Hi^ence.  I  rarely  open 
this  book  without  rising  gratilied  by  its  perusal." — JJibdiJi's  Li- 
brary Companion. 

Dr.  Nash's  edit.,  illustrated  by  60  engraved  Portraits, 
and  numerous  fine  wood-cuts,  including  the  noted  frontis- 
piece styleil  by  Dr.  Dibdin,  *'  among  the  miracles  of  modern 
art,"  is  a  beautiful  book: 

"The  introduc'tion  of  so  many  portraits  of  interesting  person- 
ages, must  give  the  best  recommendation  these  volumes  can  ob- 
tain to  the  librai-y  of  the  man  of  taste." — Lon.  Art  Unirm,  Journal. 
Mr.  A.  Ramsay  has  also  edited  an  edit,  in  1  vol. : 
*•  A  careful  analysis,  with  ample  extracts ;  such  as  may  be  read 
with  pleasure  by  the  most  fastidious." — L'm.  Athnmum. 

In  1715  appeared  what  is  called  The  Posthumous  Works 
of  Samuel  Butler,  in  3  vols.  12mo.  Of  this  collection  of 
50  pieces,  three  only  are  genuine.  An  authentic  collec- 
tion was  pub.  by  Mr.  R.  Thyer  in  1759,  2  vols.  Svo,  en- 
titled. Genuine  Remains  in  Prose  and  Verse,  with  Notes. 

'•These  remains  do  not  answer  my  expectations,  and  as  for  the 
editor,  he  is  always  in  the  wrong  where  there  was  a  possibility  of 
mistaking." — Bishop  Warrurton. 

Perhaps  the  best  of  Butler's  prose  works  are  the  Cha- 
racters, (vol.  2d,)  in  the  style  of  Earle,  Hall,  and  Over- 
bury.  The  best-known  of  his  poetical  pieces,  after  Hudi- 
bras, is  Tbe  Elephant  in  the  Moon,  a  satire  on  the  Royal 
Society,  It  has  been  generally  supposed  that  Butler  spent 
his  last  years  in  great  destitution,  though  this  has  been 
denied;  but  as  his  friend  Mr.  Longueville  l)uricd  him  at 
his  own  expense,  there  is  little  doubt  of  the  truth  of  this 
melaueholy  story.  Indeed,  Oldham's  authority  settles  tlie 
question.  It  is  known  that  Hudibras  was  *'  the  chief  en- 
tertainment of  Charles  II.,  who  often  pleasantly  (pioted  it 
in  conversation,"  and  it  is  said  that  his  majesty  ordered 
Butler  the  sum  of  £3000,  but  the  order  being  written  in 
figures,  somebody,  through  whose  hands  it  passed,  by  cut- 
ting off  a  cypher,  reduced  it  to  £300.  Dr.  Johnson  re- 
marks, *'  all  that  can  be  told  with  certainty  is,  that  he 
was  poor." 

The  general  design  of  Hudibras  is  borrowed  from  Don 
Quixote.  Butler's  hero  is  a  Presbyterian  Justice  of  the 
Peace,  [Sir  Samuel  Luke,]  who,  "in  the  coufideuce  of 
legal  authority,  and  the  rage  of  zealous  ignorance,  ranges 
the  country  to  repress  superstition  and  current  abuses,  ac- 
companied by  an  Independent  Clerk,  [Squire  Riilpho,] 
disputatious  and  obstinate,  with  whom  he  often  debates, 
but  never  conquers  him.'* 

"If  inexhaustible  wit  cotild  give  perpetual  pleasure,  no  eye 
would  ever  leave  halt-read  the  work  of  Butler:  for  what  poet  has 
ever  brou;j;ht  so  many  remote  images  so  happily  together?  It  is 
saircely  possible  to  peruse  a  page  without  finding  some  association 
of  iuia^^es  that  was  never  found  before.  By  the  first  paragraph  the 
reader  is  amused,  by  tbe  next  he  is  delighted,  and  by  a  few  more 
strained  to  astonishment;  but  astonishment  is  a  tiresome  plea- 
sure; he  is  soon  weary  of  wondering,  and  longs  to  be  diverted." — 
Dr.  .Tohnson  :  Life  nf  BitthT. 

''Concerning  Hudibras  there  is  but  one  sentiment — it  is  uni- 
versally allowed  to  be  the  first  and  last  poem  of  its  kind;  the 
learning,  wit,  and  humour,  certainly  stand  unrivalled:  various 
have  been  the  attempts  to  describe  and  define  the  two  last.  .  .  . 
If  any  one  wishes  Ui  know  what  wit  aud  humour  are.  let  him  read 
Hudibras  with  attention:  he  will  there  see  them  displayed  in  the 
brightest  colours:  there  is  lustre  resulting  from  the  quick  eluci- 


BUT 

dation  of  an  object,  by  a  just  and  unexpected  arrangement  of  it 
with  another  subject :  propriety  of  words,  and  thou.Lzhls  elegantly 
.•idapted  to  the  occasion:  objects  whiL-h  possess  iin  afhuity  or  con- 
gruity,  or  sometimes  a  contrast  to  each  other,  assembled  with 
<|uicknesK  and  variety;  in  short,  every  ingredient  of  wit  or  of  hu- 
mour, which  critics  have  discovered  on  dissecting  them,  may  be' 
found  in  this  poem." — Rev.  Dr.  Nash  :  Pteface  to  Iludbnis. 

Sir  Walter  Scott  describes  the  poetry  of  Butler  as  being 
merely  the  comedy  of  that  style  of  composition  which 
Donno  and  Cowley  practised  in  its  more  serious  form.  See 
Scott's  Life  of  Drydeu. 

"  Hudibras  was  incomparably  more  popular  than  Pai-adise  Lost; 
no  poem  in  our  language  rose  at  once  to  greater  reputation.  Nor 
can  this  be  called  ephemeral,  like  that  of  most  political  poetry. 
For  at  least  half  a  century  after  its  pulilication  it  was  gentially 
read,  and  perpetually  quoted.  The  wit  of  Duller  has  still  pre- 
served many  lines;  but  Hudibras  now  attracts  comparatively  few 
readers.  The  eulogies  of  Johnson  seem  rather  adaptt^d.to  what 
he  remembered  to  h.ive  been  the  fame  of  Duller,  than  to  the  feel- 
ings of  the  surrounding  generation;  and  since  his  time,  new 
sources  of  amusement  have  sprung  up.  and  writers  of  a  more  in- 
telliitible  pleasantry  have  superseded  those  of  the  seventeenth 
century.  In  the  fiction  of  Hudibras  there  was  never  much  to  di- 
vert the  reader,  aud  there  is  still  less  left  at  present.  Dut  what 
has  been  censured  as  a  fault,  the  length  of  dialogue,  whith  puts 
tbe  fiction  out  of  sight,  is  in  fact  the  source  of  all  the  pleasure  that 
the  work  affords.  The  sense  of  Butler  is  masculine,  his  wit  inex- 
haustible, and  it  is  supplied  from  evei-y  source  of  reading  and  ol>- 
servation.  But  these  sources  are  often  so  unknown  to  the  I'eader 
that  the  wit  loses  its  effect  through  the  obscurity  of  its  allusions, 
and  he  yields  to  the  bane  of  wit,  a  purblind,  mole-like  pedantry. 
His  versification  is  sometimes  spirited,  and  his  rhymes  humorous; 
yet  he  wants  that  ease  and  How  which  we  require  in  light  poetry." 
— IIallam:  Introdiict.  to  Lit.  JJiitmy. 

Mr.  Hallam's  critique  has  not  itself  escaped  criti- 
cism, but  we  consider  the  opinions  above  quoted  as  very 
just.  It  may  be  true,  as  alleged,  that  to  the  historical 
reader  the  events  of  the  Pvevolution  are  generally  well 
known,  but  even  the  historian  must  tax  his  recollection  in 
reading  Hudibras,  and  there  can  be  little  opportunity  for 
amusement  when  the  mind  is  engaged  in  coaxing  the  me- 
mory. Hudibras  is  a  work  to  be  studied  once,  and  gleaned 
occasionally.  It  may  continue  neglected,  but  can  never 
be  entirely  forgotten. 

Butler,  Samuel,  1774-1840.  a  native  of  Keuilworth, 
Warwickshire,  was  educated  at  Rugby  School  and  St.  John's 
College.  Cambridge,  where  he  was  highly  distinguished 
for  his  classical  proficiency,  oldaining  two  of  Sir  AVilliam 
Browne's  medals  for  the  Latin  odes,  and  one  for  the  Greek, 
and  being  elected  Craven  schtdar  in  1703,  against  Kcate, 
Bethell,  and  Coleridge.  He  was  elected  a  Fellow  of  his 
College  in  1797;  appointed  head-master  of  vShrewsbury 
School.  1798  ;  Bishop  of  Lichfield,  1S36.  The  bishop  pub. 
a  numl)er  of  works,  consisting  of  classical  treatises,  ser- 
mons, tracts  against  Priestley,  (pnh.  1783,  '84,  '86  ;  3d  edit., 
1812,)  and  several  geographical  works,  which  have  had 
large  circulation.  A  new  edit,  of  his  Atlas  of  A.  and  M. 
Geography,  edited  by  his  son,  was  putt,  in  1853,  2  vols. 
His  most  important  undertaking  was  his  edit,  of  .^schylus, 
for  which  arduous  duty  he  w.as  specially  selected  about  the 
time  of  his  appointment  to  the  mastership  of  Shrewsbury 
School.  This  elaborate  work  was  pub.  in  4  vols.  4to;  also 
in  6  vols.  8vo,  1806-12.  See  a  list  of  this  worthy  and 
learned  prelate's  publications  in  the  Gent.  Mag.,  February, 
1840.  The  Bishop's  Discourse  on  Christian  Liberty 
(Shrewsbury,  Svo)  has  been  praised  as 

"  .A.n  aide  sermon.  This  eminent  scholar  seems  to  have  a  clear 
insight  into  the  free  constitution  of  Christianity.  He  is  er|ually 
the  enemy  of  superstition  and  of  intolerance." — Lon.  MontJtly  lie- 
posifnr;/. 

Butler,  Samuel.  The  Australian  Emigrant's  Com- 
plete Guide,  ISmo. 

'•  We  have  not  seen  any  single  work,  great  or  small,  where  so 
large  a  body  of  really  useful  and  practical  information  was  to  be 
found  as  in  this  little  volume." — T/m  Scotsman. 

"We  recommend  the  Australian  immigrant's  Guide  strongly  for 
perusal." — Dumfries  Times. 

Emigrant's  Complete  Guide  to  Canada. 

"Whether  we  regard  the  amount  of  the  inform.itinn.  or  the 
manner  in  which  it  is  condensed  and  arranged,  we  must  say  Mr. 
Butler  has  done  good  service  to  the  cause  of  Kmigration." — Gretn. 
A<lr,ulix>-r. 

Butler,  Captain  T.  The  Little  Bible  of  the  Man. 
"Printed  in  the  first  year  of  England's  Liberty,  lH4i>." 
In  this  singular  little  volume  the  progress  of  the  CLris- 
tian's  Life  is  characterized  under  the  several  Books  of  the 
Bible,  from  Genesis  to  Isaiah. 

Butler,  Thomas,  Doctor  of  the  Canon  and  Civil 
Laws.  A  Treatise  of  the  Holy  Sacrifice  of  the  Altar,  called 
the  Masse,  Lon.,  1570.  16nio,  from  the  Italian. 

Butler,  Thomas,  M.D.  A  Method  of  procuring  any 
quantity  of  Fresh  Water  at  Sea,  Lon.,  1755,  8vo. 

*'  Dr.  15. "s  plan  is  to  add  a  ijuart  of  strong  so.ip  leys  to  fifteen 
gallons  '>f  salt  water,  which  will  yield  twelve  gallons  of  fresh  wa- 
ter, by  distillation."' — Dr.  Watt:  BVA.Brit. 

315 


BUT 


BUT 


Butler,  Weeden,  1V42-1823,  a  native  of  Margate,  '  2.  Letters  on  the  Development  of  Christian  Doctrine :  a 
was  curate  to  tlio  celebrated  Dr.  Dodd,  and  his  successor  Reply  to  ,T.  H.  Newman.  D.D.,  [.?.  .•..  No  14.J  "ditcd  by 
at  Charlotte  Chapel,  Pimlico.  He  kept  a  classical  school  -Dean  Woodward,  Dubl.,  ISdO.  8vo  ;  18o4,  «vo  ;  1  sob.  svo. 
at  Chelsea  for  40  years,  and — to  his  praise  be  it  spoken 


'planned  ami  instituted  the  .SiiNnAY  School  of  that  pa- 
rish." He  pub.  .Sermons,  1798.  '99:  Memoirs  of  Mark 
Hildesley,  D.D.,  Lord  Bishop  of  Sodor  and  Man,  17H9; 
of  the  Rev.  Dr.  Stanhope.  Dean  of  Canterbury ;  Jortin's 
Traits.  1790,  2  vols.  8vo;  The  Cheltenham  Guide,  Svo,  j 
and  Wilcock's  Roniiin  Conversations,  1797,  2  vols.  Svo. 

Butler,  Weedeu,  Jr.,  son  of  the  above,  and  also  a 
divine.  The  French  Republic  and  the  Helvetic  Body; 
trans,  from  the  French,  Lon.,  1794,  Svo.  Bagatelles,  1795, 
Svo.  The  Wrongs  of  Uuterwalden,  trans.,  1799,  Svo. 
Zimao,  the  African  ;  trans.,  Lon.,  1800,  Svo ;  2d  edit.,  1807, 
12mo. 

Butler,  William,  Preliendary  of  St.  Paul's.  Ser- 
mons pull.  ,cpar.-ilcly.  1704,  '12,  '15,  '19,  '22,  '21!,  '24,  '29. 
Butler,  William,  1748-1S22,  a  native  of  St,  John's, 
near  Worcester,  was  long  a  well-known  teacher  of  writing 
and  geography,  and  pub.  several  school-books  which  have 
been  used  for  many  years  in  the  schools  of  EngLaud.  In- 
trodue.  to  Arithmetic,  17S5,  Svo.  Arithmet.  Questions  on 
a  new  plan,  1795,  Svo. 

"In  a  bonk  nf  i-ommon  Arithmetic  we  did  not  expect  to  find 

thatvarii't^  nt  itit.i  m.ttion  wbiL-h  this  work  contains Asa 

book  of  u.'iii  111  iii^i  iiirtion  and  amusement,  altogether  uncon- 
nected with  ;iiiUiiiuli<  al  rules,  it  does  honour  to  the  compiler, 
and  deserves  to  be  remembered." — Lim.  Mi'iithly  Feview,  vol.  xxii.. 
New  Series. 

Also  see  commendations  in  the  Monthly  Preceptor,  vol. 
Ti. ;  European  Mag.,  vol.  i. ;  Dr.  Willich's  Domestic  En- 
cyclopedia; Edgeworth's  Practical  Education. 

Chronological,  Biographical,  Historical,  and  Miscellane- 
ous Exercises  on  a  new  plan,  designed  for  daily  use,  1798, 
12mo. 

*'  We  have  .seldom  seen  such  a  quantity  of  useful  information  in 
BO  small  a  compass." — British  Critic,  vol.  xxx. 

o  It  does  great  credit  to  the  information  and  industry  of  its  au- 
thor."— Eclectic  Kevifw,  vol.  vi. 

See  also  Critical  Review;  Monthly  Review;  Literary 
Panorama;  Gent.  Mag. 

Exercises  on  the  Globes,  1798,  12mo. 

"  One  of  the  best  books  of  the  kind  that  have  come  before  us." 
—Britisli  CVitic. 

"  It  would  be  ditlicult  to  fix  upon  any  book  of  equ.il  size  that 
contains  so  uiuch  iuteresfin^!  matter  on  almost  every  subject." — 
Auxin's  Annual  l-'eriew,  vol.  vii. 

See  Monthly  Review;  Ladies' Monthly  Museum;  Monthly 
Visiter ;  European  Mag. 

Arithmetical  Tables,  1802.  32mo. 

"  Various  t:ib!es,  with  which  it  is  necessary  that  the  minds  of 
both  sexes  should  be  made  thorou^^'hly  acquainted." — Monthly 
Visitor. 

Geographical  Exorcises  on  the  N.  Testament,  1813, 1 2mo. 
*'  lie  slathers  flowers  from  the  fields  and  jcardens  to  strew  the 
p.ith  of  learning,  and  encourage  the  progress  of  the  student." — 
Emngeliod  Mig.,  1.S14. 

See  European  Mag. ;  Literary  Panorama. 
Butler,  William  Allen,  b.  1825,  a  native  of  Albany, 
New  York,  and  sou  of  Benjamin  F.  Butler,  late  Attorney- 
General  of  the  United  States,  graduated  at  the  New  York 
University  in  1S43.  He  travelled  in  Europe  from  July, 
1846,  to  December,  1848,  and  on  his  return  commenced 
the  practice  of  the  law  in  the  city  of  New  York.  Mr. 
Butler  has  contributed  a  number  of  papers  to  the  Demo- 
cratic Review,  and  The  Literary  World. 

"  He  has  wit.  and  humour,  a  lively  fancy,  and  a  style  natural 
and  flexilile  abiiundiug  in  felicities  of  expression.  In  generjil.  he 
writes  hastilv.  and  finishes  a  piece  at  a  sittiu;^." — Griswold^s  Poets 
and  Puetrt/  of  America. 

The  poetical  piece  entitled  The  Incognita  of  Raphael, 
possesses  great  beauty,  and  will  remind  the  reader  of  one 
of  the  most  celebrated  compositions  of  modern  times. 

Nothing  to  Wear:  an  Episode  of  City  Life,  N.  York, 
1857,  ISmo  :  many  edits,  in  England  and  America. 

"The  nonsense,  on  the  whole,  is  good  nonsense;  and  we  have 
quoted  it  [entirel  in  order  that  the  grave  reader  may  find  some- 
thing in  to-day's  number  of  the  Athenxutn  that  he  may  safely 
skip  if  he  pleases." — Lnn.  Atfifn.,  1857,  1320. 

Two  Millions:  a  Satire,  1858,  12mo.  Not  without  merit, 
but  exhibiting  great  carelessness  in  versificntion. 

Butler,  William  Archer,  1814-1848.  a  native  of 
Anncrville,  near  Clonmel,  Ireland.  He  was  born  and  edu- 
cated a  Roni.an  Catholic,  hut  became  a  Protestant,  and 
entered  Trinity  College.  Dublin,  in  which  institution  ho 
was  appointed  (the  first)  Professor  of  Moral  Philo.sopby  in 
1837.  1.  .Serins.,  with  a  Memoir  by  Rev.  (Dean)  Thomas 
Woodward.  Dubl.,  18  10.  Svo;  3d  cd.,  Lon.,  1855.  Svo; 
Phila.,  1856,  12mo;  2d  Series.  Camb.,  1S55,  Svo;  Phila., 
1857,  Svo:  see  Jereuie,  James  Ameriaux,  D.D.,  No.  4. 
31C 


3.  Letters  on  Romanism  :  a  Reply  to  Cardinal  Wiseman, 
edited  by  Dean  Woodw.ard,  Lon..  1854.  Svo;    1856,  Svo. 

4.  Lccts!  on  the  Hist,  of  Ancient  Philosophy,  edited,  with 
Notes,  by  Wm.  Hepworth  Thompson,  Camb.,  1856,  2  vols. 
Svo:  Phila.,  1857.  2  vols.  Svo. 

"I  have  seen  enough  of  tbem  to  be  convinced  of  their  great 
scientific  value,  and  am  much  gratified  in  finding  so  important  a 
eiibjpct  treated  with  so  much  learning  and  acut.-ncss."— SlE  W  M. 
H.\M1I.T0N.  Prn/esfor  nf  Logic  awl  Mitaphi/tics.  Edinburgh. 
Also  commended  by  the  Lon.  Examiner. 
Butler,  William  John,  Vicar  of  Wantage.  Lec- 
tures on  the  Prophecies,  1S38.  12mo.     25  Serms..  1847. 

Butler,  Miij. -General  William  O.,  of  Kentucky, 
is  the  aiitliiir  nf  :i  number  of  poetical  pieces;  of  which  The 
Boat  Horn  is  one  of  the  most  popular. 

Butley,  John.     Sermons,  1746,  '48,  '54,  Svo. 
Butt,  George.     Sermons,  1775,  '76,  '85,  '93,  Svo. 
Butt,  Isaac.     Lectures  on  Protection  to  Home  Indus- 
try, Oxf ,  Svo.     The  Poor  Law  Bill  for  Ireland  Examined, 
Lon.,  1837,  Svo. 

"A  clever,  well-written  pamphlet,  which  deserved  more  atten- 
tion than  it  appears  to  have  met  with."— JfcCuttorfi's  Lit.  of  Pdit. 
Economy. 

Butt,  J.  M.  Queries  on  the  Doctrine  of  the  Church 
of  England  respecting  Baptism,  Ac.  Oxf,  1824,  12mo. 

"  A  very  useful  little  work,  compiled  by  a  sound  and  learned 
divine." — Loioridfs's  Brit.  Lilir. 

Butt,  James  Strode.  Mathomat.  Con.  to  Nic. 
Jour..  ISOfi. 

Butt,  John  Marten.  The  Revelation  of  St.  John, 
1804.  Prophecy  of  Daniel,  Lon.,  1SU7,  ISmo.  The  Last 
Vision  of  Daniel,  1808,  ISmo.  The  Divinity  of  the  Apo- 
calypse, 1809,  12mo. 

Butt,  Martha  Halnei?,  h.  1834.  Va.     Anti-Fanati- 
cism ;  a  tiilc  lit  the  South.     Contrib.  to  numerous  journals. 
Butt,  K.  G.     1.  Appeal  to  the  Public.     2.  Sherborne 
Castle,  and  other  Poems,  1S15,  '16. 

Butt,  Thomas,  Rector  of  Kinnersley,  and  Curate  of 
Trcnth;iui.  Serms.  preached  in  the  Parish  Church  of 
Trentham.  Lim.,  1838,  Svo. 

Buttan,  Christopher,  D.D.     Sermon,  ISOS. 
Butter,  Alex.,  .Surg.    Con.  to  Ediu.  Med.  Ess.,  1734. 
Butter,  Mrs.  H.      Vensenshon ;    or,  Love's  Mazes, 

1S06,  3  vols.  ,„,»  „ 

Butter,  Henry.  Kev  to  the  Old  Testament,  1817,  Svo. 
Butter,  William,  M.D.,  1726-1805,  studied  at  Edin- 
burgh, practised  at  Derby,  and  afterwards  at  London. 
Cure  for  the  Stone,  Edin.,  1754,  12mo.  Dissejtatio  do 
Frii'oro  quatenus  Morborum  Causa,  Edin.,  1757,  Svo. 
Dissertatio  Medica  et  Chirurgica  de  Arteriotamia,  Edin., 
1761,  Svo.  Treatise  on  the  Infantile  Remittent  Fever, 
Lon.,  1782,  Svo.     Other  profess,  treatises. 

Butterfleld.  Microscopes  and  Magnetic  Sand,  Phil. 
Trans.,  1698,  Ac.  . 

Butterfleld,  Henry,  of  Trinity  Church.  Newington. 
Homilies  for  earnest  Imiuirers,  Lon.,  1839,  12ino. 

Butterfleld,  Svvithurne.  A  Suramarie  of  the  Prin- 
ciples of  Christian  Religion,  Lon.,  1582,  Svo.  Catechisme, 
1590,  Svo.  .„,   ,„ 

Butterman,W.  Arithmetical  Works,  1805, '06, 12mo. 
Butterworth.     Works  on  Writing  and  Arithmetic. 
Butterworth,  John.     A  New  Concordance  and  Diet, 
of  the  Holy  Scriptures,   1767,  '83:  and  3d  edit.,  by  Dr. 
Adam  Clarke,  with  alterations,  1816,  Svo. 

"This  is  in  a  great  measure  a  judicious  and  valuable  abridg- 
ment nf  Mr  Cruden's  Concordance.  Singular  pains  were  bestowed 
by  its  compiler,  in  order  to  insure  correctness,  by  collating  every 
word  and  reference  in  the  proof  sheets  with  the  several  texts  of 
the  liible."— r.  H.  Home's  Jntrnduc. 

Butterworth,  liaAVrence.  Superexcellency  of  the 
Christian  Religion  Displ.ayed,  Ac,  1784,  Svo.  Thoughts 
on  Moral  Government  and  Agency,  1792,  Svo.  In  those 
treatises  the  views  of  Mr.  Lindsoy  and  Dr.  Priestley  are 
criticized. 

Buttes,  Henry,  Fellow  of  Christ  Church,  Oxford. 
Dyet's  Dry  Dinner:  consisting  of  eight  scueral  Courses. 
1.  Fruitcs.  2.  Hearbes.  3.  Flesh.  4.  Fish.  5.  Whit- 
meats.  6.  Spice.  7.  Sauce.  8.  Tobacco.  All  serucd  in 
after  the  order  of  Time  Vniuersall,  Lon.,  1599,  16mo. 

See  a  portrait  of  the  author  of  this  curious  work  in 
H.arding's  Biographical  Mirror. 

Button,  Edward.  Trans,  of  the  Persian  Tables,  1764. 
Button,  John.  Poems,  1804,  4to,  and  a  vol., 1809,12mo. 
Button,  William,  a  Baptist  minister.     Reni.arks  on 
"  The  Gospel  of  Christ  worthy,  Ac,"  1785,  12mo.     A  Dic- 
tionary of  the  Bible,  1796. 


BUT 


BYG 


"Button's Diet,  of  the  BiVile.  compared  ■with  Brown's,  is  Bot  un- 
like Butterworth's  Concordance  compared  with  Crudeii's:  com- 
prising much  useful  mattfr  in  a  small  space." — Dr.  E.  Williams. 

'•  By  means  of  a  very  small,  but  clear,  type,  a  vast  quantity  of 
matter  is  comprised  within  the  compass  of  this  little  volume.  The 
book,  without  doubt,  may  be  serviceable  to  many." — British  Critic^ 
O.  S.,  X.  liUl. 

Buttonshaw,  Thomas.  A  Defense  of  Bishop 
Iloadly's  Plain  Account  of  the  Nature  and  End  of  the 
Lord's  Supper,  Lon.,  1747,  8vo. 

Butts,  Robert,  Bishop  of  Norwich,  1732,  '33,  trans, 
to  Ely,  1738.  Sermon  on  the  Accession,  1712,  4to;  ditto 
before  the  House  of  Lords,  1737,  4to.  Charge  to  his 
Clergy,  1740,  4to. 

Buxton,  Charles.  Memoirs  of  Sir  Thomas  Fowell 
Buxton,  Bart.,  with  selections  from  his  correspondence,  by 
his  son ;  3d  edit.,  Lon.,  1851,  Svo. 

*'  Ihe  editor  has  been  contented  to  rely  as  far  as  possible  on  the 
correspondeuce  and  diaries  in  his  possession,  and  the  anecdotes 
furnished  by  a  few  elder  friends:  but  both  classes  of  material  well 
deserved  in  this  case  the  advantajre  of  a  neat  setting,  and  have  re- 
ceived it.  .  .  .  It  is  highly  creditable  for  bis  son  to  have  produced 
thus  early  a  biography  generally  clear,  yet  seldom  profuse — and 
though  shewiiig  entire  sympathy  with  the  cours^e  portrayed, 
hardly  ever  using  language  that  will  offend  any  candid  reader."' — 
Lon.  QvarUn-l;/  h'evi^w.  June,  1848. 

"One  of  the  most  thoroughly  well-written  pieces  nf  bingraphy 
that  have  issui^d  from  the  modern  press." — Erauf/elical  M-ig. 

"The  memoirs  will  teach  the  world  to  do  full  justice  to  the  cha- 
racter of  a  true  English  gentleman." — Lon.  Daily  News. 
Vide  post. 

Buxton,  Isaac,  M.B.  Regulated  Tcmnerature  for 
Invalids'  Chambers,  Lon.,  1810,  Svo. 

Buxton,  Jarvis  Baring,  late  Rector  of  St.  John's 
Church.  Fayetteville.  N.  Carolina.   Parish  Serms.,  N.Y.,  8vo. 

'■The  style  of  these  discourses  is  ner^-ous  and  unambitious: 
they  are  niarkeil  by  sincerity  and  piety,  and  a  fnil  persuasion  that 
the  preacher  is  delivering  to  his  hearers  the  true  meaning  of  the 
Sacred  Scriptures.  It  is  an  excelleut  volume  for  the  instruction 
of  the  laity,  and  should  find  its  place  in  every  parish  library.  The 
younger  clergy  may  with  profit  master  the  sound  doctrine  here 
contained,  and  Ktiuly  to  catch  the  glow  of  spirit  and  the  devotion 
to  the  church  which  are  exhibited  on  every  page." — Kew  I'oi'k 
Chwckmtm. 

Buxton,  Richard.  Guide  to  Flowering  Plants  near 
Maiu-be^tcr.  Lnn.,  is('.f,  12mo. 

Buxton,  Sir  Thomas  FoAvell,  1786-1845,  one  of 
the  noblest  examples  of  philanthropic  zeal  of  modern 
times,  wns  a  native  of  Earl's  Colne,  Essex  ;  M.P.  for 
AVeymouth,  1818-1837;  created  a  baronet.  1840.  In  con- 
junction with  his  sister-in-law,  Elizabeth  Fry.  and  his 
brother-in-law.  Mr.  Hoare,  he  personally  laboured  in  the 
important  cause  of  Prison  Discipline,  As  the  successor 
of  William  Wilberforce,  in  his  praiseworthy  efTorts  to 
abolish  the  Slave  Trade,  Mr.  Buxton's  persevering  and 
successful  labours  are  well  known.  He  pub.  an  Inquiry 
whether  Crime  and  Misery  are  Produced  or  Prevented  by 
our  Present  System  of  Prison  Discipline,  Lon.,  1S18,  Svo; 
4th  edit.,  Edin.,  1818,  8vo;  and  a  treatise  on  the  African 
Slave-Trade,  8vo  ;  several  edits. 

"In  1S40  he  was  created  a  baronet, — a  dignity  to  which  his 
public  character  and  large  private  fortune  well  entitled  him,  but 
which  he  accepted  rather  as  an  acknowledgment  of  merit  rendered 
valuable  by  the  slanderous  attacks  which  had  been  made  upon 
hiiu  than  as  an  object  of  personal  ambition.  No  man  was  more 
exempt  from  vanity  than  Sir  Thomas  Fowell  Buxton :  his  manners 
were  too  plain  and  bis  mind  was  too  elevated  for  such  a  puerility. 
Buxton's  great  merit  as  a  public  man  consisted  in  his  industry,  his 
energy,  and  his  straightforward  honesty  of  purpose.  He  never 
aftected  display,  for  he  had  the  good  taste  to  despise  it;  yet  he  was 
always  favourably  beard,  not  only  because  he  was  the  acknow- 
ledged bead  of  the  religious  party,  but  because  his  statements 
were  stamped  with  authority:  they  were  known  and  felt  to  be 
true,  and  they  were  put  forward  with  a  manner  and  perspicuity 
which  essentially  belong  to  truth.  It  was  his  principle  to  address 
himself  to  the  understanding  and  not  to  the  passions  of  his  au- 
dience; and  he  rarely  failed  eventually  in  producing  conviction. 
lie  was  eminently  a  religious  man;  and  those  who  knew  iiim 
privately  can  testify  to  the  earnestness  and  humble  faith  with 
which  he  always  submitted  the  event  of  his  important  labours 
with  pious  resignation  to  the  will  of  God.  He  was  a  faithful  and 
affectionate  member  of  the  Church  of  England:  but  he  was  not 
the  man  to  regard  sectarian  differences  as  of  importance  where  he 
found  hand  and  heart  united  in  zealous  effort  for  the  good  of  man- 
kind. Although  he  had  selected  for  himself  a  peculiar  path  of 
charity,  he  was  liberal  in  his  support  of  all  benevolent  institu- 
tions, and  particularly  of  the  Bible  and  Missionary  Societies  and 
such  as  had  for  their  olyects  the  education  and  improvement 
of  the  poor." — Obituary  notice  in  Lon.  Gent.  Mug.,  May,  1846, 
51=)-646. 

We  need  .such  examples  of  noble  disinterestedness  as 
Sir  Thomas  Fowell  Buxton  to  cheer  our  hopes  of  humanity, 
by  proving  to  us  that  the  world  is  not  "wholly  given  to 
[self]  idolatry." 

Buxton,  William.  Ship-Owner's  Manual  of  Mercan- 
tile Marine,  Lon.,  1862,  12mo. 


Buy,  William,  Narrative  of  the  Second  Siege  of 
Zaragossa;  from  the  Ppanish,  Lon.,  1S09,  Svo. 

Buyers,  William,  missionary  at  Benares.  Recol- 
lections of  Northern  India,  1840,  Svo.  Letters  in  India, 
with  Special  Reference  to  the  Spread  of  Christianity, 
1848,  12mo. 

"  Such  a  practical  manual  was  much  needed  as  a  guide  to  mis- 
sionaries, and  as  a  means  of  instruction  to  the  triends  of  missions 
Id  general." — Lon.  Evangelical  Mag. 

Byam,  Francis.  Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1755:  Im- 
pression on  a  Stone;  Quantity  of  Rain  in  Antigua. 

Byam,  Henry,  D.D..  1580-10f;u,  a  native  of  Somer- 
setshire, was  entered  of  Exeter  College,  Oxford,  1097; 
elected  a  student  of  Christ  Church,  1699;  Prebendary  of 
Exeter,  lOol.  He  was  distinguished  for  his  loyalty,  and 
four  of  his  live  sons  were  captains  in  the  royal  army.  His 
wife  and  daughter  were  drowned  in  flying  trom  the  rebels. 
During  the  Rebellion  be  was  deprived  of  his  dignities,  but 
alter  the  Pie&turatiou  was  made  Canon  of  Exeter,  and  Pre- 
bendary of  Wells.  He  was  the  lather  of  the  governor 
alluded  to  in  Southern's  play  of  Oroonoko,  whom  Mrs. 
Behn  satirizes.  A  Sermon.  Lon.,  1628,  8vo.  Thirteen 
Sermons;  most  of  them  preached  before  Charles  11.  in  his 
e.xile;  with  a  life  of  the  author,  by  Mr.  Ward,  Lon., 
1676,  Svo. 

*•  For  sanctity  of  life,  for  learning,  charity,  and  loyalty,  scarce 
to  be  equalld  by  any  in  the  age  he  lived." — Alhc.n.  Oxfin. 

Bycrley,  John  Scott,  Novels,  dramatic,  poetical, 
and  political  pieces,  1803-14.  The  Prince:  trans,  from 
the  Italian  of  IMachiavelli ;  to  which  is  prefi.xed  an  Intro- 
duction, showing  the  clof^e  analogy  between  the  Principles 
of  Machiuvelli,  and  the  Actions  of  Bonaparte,  1810,  Svo. 

"■To  translate  'The  Prince'  of  Machiavelli  is  to  wiite  the  life  of 
Bonaparte,  and  the  Secret  History  of  the  Court  of  St.  Cloud." — 
Tide  Introduction. 

Byfield,  Adoniram,  a  zealous  "Commonwealth- 
man,"  satirized  in  Hudibras.  The  Grand  Debate  between 
Presbytery  and  Independency;  with  other  tracts,  Lon., 
1652.  4to. 

Byfield,  Nathaniel,  1653-1733,  Member  of  the 
Council  of  Mas.sachusetts.  Account  of  the  Picvolution  in 
New  England;  together  with  the  Declaration  of  the  Gentle- 
men, Merchants,  and  Inhabitants  of  Boston,  4tc.,  1689,  4to. 

Byfield,  Nicholas,  b.  about  1579.  d.  1652,  a  native 
of  Warwickshire,  was  an  eminent  Puritan  divine.  He  be- 
came a  servitor  of  Exeter  College  in  1579,  was  invited  to 
be  pastor  of  St.  Peter's  Church,  Chester,  and  subsequently, 
in  1615,  Vicar  of  I.-^lewortb.  Expo.'^ition  of  the  Epistle  to 
the  Colossians,  Lon.,  1615,  fol.  This  contains  "the  sub- 
stance of  neare  seven  years'  wccke-dayes." 

"It  is  full  of  good  sense  and  spiritual  sa^  our.  and  abounds  with 
pertinent  citations  of  Scripture,  without  any  pretensions  to  ora- 
torical dress." — Bb.  E.  ^Vii.liams. 

"It  has  much  spiritual  instruction." — Bickersteth. 

Serm.  on  the  1st  chap,  of  1st  Peter,  1617,  4to.  Essay 
concerning  the  Assurance  of  God's  Love  and  Man's  Sal- 
vation. 1614,  Svo.     The  Marrow  of  the  Oracles  of  God,  A;c., 

1622,  12mo.     Sermon  on  the  1st  Epistle  General  of  Peter, 

1623,  4to.     Exposition  of  the  Apostles'  Creed.  1626.  4to. 
A  Commentary  on  the  first  Chapters  of  1st  Peter,  1637,  fob 

*' An  excellent  Puritan  exposition." — Bickersteth. 

Other  treatises. 

"  He  was  a  strict  observer  of  the  Lord's  Day,  and  preached  and 
wrote  for  the  sincere  observance  of  it." — AUu-n.  Or<m. 

"  lie  was  a  man  of  a  profound  judgment,  strong  memory,  sharp 
wit,  quick  invention,  and  unwearied  industry.  .  ,  .  He  had  a  sin- 
gular gift  in  diving  into  the  depths  of  those  points  ^\hich  he  un- 
dertook to  handle." — Gocge. 

Byfield,  Richard,  d.  1664,  half-brother  to  the  above, 
a  Puritan  divine,  obtained  the  living  of  Long-Dittou  dur- 
ing the  Commonwealth  :  ejected  at  the  Restoration.  The 
Light  of  Faith,  and  Way  of  Holiness,  Lon.,  1630,  Svo. 
Doctrine  of  the  Sabbath  Vindicated,  lG32,4to,  The  Power 
of  the  Christ  of  God,  1641, 4to.  Sermons,  and  other  treatises. 
Wood,  no  favourer  of  Puritans,  calls  Byfield  ironically 

"A  leading  man  for  carrying  on  the  blessed  cause,  a  reformer 
of  his  church  of  superstition  (as  he  called  it)  by  plucking  up  the 
steps  leading  to  the  altar,  and  levelling  it  lower  than  the  rest  of 
the  chancel,  by  denying  his  parishioners  (particularly  his  patron 
that  gave  him  L.  Ditton)  the  sacrament,  unless  they  would  take 
it  any  way  except  kneeling.  Hewas  one  of  the  assemb.  of  divines, 
a  great  covenanter,  an  eager  preacher  against  bishops,  ceremonies, 
ic." — Athen.  Oron. 

Byfield,  T.    Medical  treatises,  Lon.,  1 634,  '85,  '87,  '95. 

Byfield,  T.  A  Closet  Piece:  The  E.xperimental 
Knowledge  of  the  Ever-Blessed  Father,  Son,  and  Holy 
Ghost,  according  to  Revelation  in  the  Holy  Scriptures, 
Lon.,  1721,  Svo. 

Bygod,  Francis.     His  Epistle  to  his  Treatise  con- 
cerning Impropriations  of  Benefices.     See  at  the  end  of 
I  H.  Spelman's  work  on  Tithes. 

317 


BYL 


-.  Bylanil,  William.  The  McchaDic's  Guide,  1797.  8vo. 
liyles,  Sir  John  B.  A  Practical  Treatise  on  tlie  Law 
of  Bills  of  Exchange,  Promissory  Notes,  Banls  Notes, 
Baulcers'  Cash  Notes,  and  Checks,  Ac,  Lon.,  1829,  12mo; 
7th  ed.,  1S57  ;  4th  Amcr.  from  the  7th  Lon,  ed.,  by  Hon. 
George  Sharswood,  Phila.,  1S56,  Svo. 

"An  able  and  carefully-written  tre.itise.  but  too  concise  for  the 
purpose  of  general  reference." — Myiraiit*^  LigiJ  BiltL 

Marvin's  remark  refers  to  the  English  edit,  of  184.3. 
Moreover,  a  work  of  this  kind  must  necessarily  be  "  con- 
cise," in  order  to  answer  the  purpose  designed.  We  quote 
some  notices  of  the  last  American  edition  : 

"  I  have  b.id  occasion  to  look  into  Byles  on  Bills  and  Promissory 
Notes,  with  some  care,  and  to  examine  the  Notes  of  Jud'^e  Shars- 
wood. The  English  work  is  undoubtedly  an  excellent  one ;  and 
is  particularly  convenient  for  reference,  from  its  arrangement  and 
condensation.  And  the  notes  of  American  decisions,  by  Judge 
Sharswood.  displav  much  research  and  correct  judgment  on  his 
part,  and  add  greatlv  to  the  value  of  this  edition."— R.  B.  Tanet. 
ChiffJiislkeoftht  Supreme  Churl  of  the  United  States. 

"  The  law  of  bills  of  exchange  and  promissory  notes,  every- 
where in  this  trafficking  and  commercial  country,  claims  much  of 
each  practising  lawyer's  time  and  learning;  and  we  have  hereto- 
fore had  some  excellent  treatises  from  men  abundantly  able,  and 
wond.-rfull  v  patient  and  industrious— as  Bayley,  Chitty,  and  Story 
—but  nn  tn-atise  has  commanded  so  immediate  and  so  continued 
rcL'ird  fn.iii  tlie  bar  as  Serjeant  Byles's.  The  learned  American 
edilnr  has  judged  well  in  annotating  a  treatise  less  cumbrous  than 
Cbiltv.  more  neat  and  exact  than  Story,  and  more  modern  than 
Bavl.-y.  and  perhaps  quite  as  meritorious.  The  editorial  depart- 
mwit  leaves  little  to  be  desired.  The  cases  have  been  selected,  and 
arranged,  and  digested,  with  a  view  of  aiding  and  illustrating  the 
principles  stated  in  the  text:  the  work  is  neither  encumbered  with 
copious  cases,  cheaplv  borrowed  from  the  digests,  nor  is  it  swollen 
by  an  amplified  discussion  of  the  grounds  of  the  cases  familiar  to 
ail  the  practitioners,  and  to  be  found  in  the  horn-books  of  the  law. 
— Americun  Law  Jferjister,  December,  1S53. 

This  edition  has  been  introduced  as  a  text-book  into  the 
law  school  of  Harvard  Cidl.and  the  I'niversityof  Virginia. 
It  is  a  fact  worthy  to  be  recorded,  that  Sir  John  B.  Byles, 
in  the  7th  edition  of  his  valuable  work,  has  incol'porated 
the  Notes  of  Judge  Sharswood,  Sophisms  of  Free  Trade 
and  Political  Economy  Examined;  8th  ed.,  1851,  12mo. 
Observations  on  the  Usury  Laws,  Lon,,  1845,  Svo,  The 
author  advocates  the  French  svstem, 

Bylps,  Mather,  D.D..  170(5-1788,  a  native  of  Boston, 
New  England,  and  minister  there,  was  a  man  of  consider- 
able note  in  his  day.  Pope  presented  him  with  the  Odys- 
sey, and  Dr.  "Watts  transmitted  his  works  to  him  as  they 
were  pub.  Dr.  Byles  himself  had  some  pretensions  to  the 
character  of  poet.  He  puh.  A  Poem  on  the  Death  of 
George  I.,  Ac,  1727.  A  poet.  Epistle  to  Gov.  Belcher  on 
the  Death  of  his  Lady.  1736.  Miscellaneous  Poems,  1744. 
Occasional  Sermons,  puh.  separately,  1729-71. 

"  He  possessed  an  uncommon  talent  in  making  poems ;  his  ima- 
gination w.as  fertile,  and  his  satire  keen ;  his  poetry  evinces  a  rich 
fancv.  and  the  ver.sification  is  polished." 

Bync,  Marqiii.s.  The  ScornfuU  Quakers  Answered, 
and  their  Railing  Confuted  ;  with  a  Reply  to  Lawson's 
Answer  to  XXXVIII.  CJuestions,  Lon.,  1656.  4to. 

Byns,  Sir  George,  afterwards  Lord  Viscount 
Torrinaton,  1663-1733.  E.xpcdition  to  Sicily  in  the 
years  1718,  '19,  '20,  L»n.,  1739,  Svo. 

Byn?,  Honourable  John,  Admiral  of  the  Blue,  4th 
son  of  the  above,  1794-1757.  a  victim  to  political  persecu- 
tion, and  martyr  to  the  "  12th  Article  of  War."  His  De- 
fence as  presented  bv  him.  and  read  in  the  Court.  1756, 
Svo.  His  Trial,  1756,  fol.  His  Trial,  Defence,  and  an 
Appendi.x,  1756,  Svo. 

Bynner,  Henry.  The  Trial  of  John  Binns  for  Se- 
dition, at  the  Assize  for  the  County  of  W.arwick,  August 
12.  1797,  1797,  Svo. 

Bynns,  Richard,  Prebendary  of  Lichfield.  Ser- 
mons, 1791,  '19,  '39. 

Byou,  John.  An  Account  of  the  SulTcrings  of  the 
French  Protestants  in  the  G.alleys,  Lon.,  1712,  Svo. 

Byrch,  William.  Death  of  Q.  Caroline;  Sermon, 
1737.  Svo. 

Byrche,  William,  D.D.,  Chaplain  to  the  Archbishop 
of  Canterbury,  and  Chancellor  of  Worcester.     Consecra- 
tion of  Bishop  Chandler;  serm.  1  Tim.  iii.  7,  1717,  Svo. 
Byrchenska,  Rich.     Discourse  upon  the  Defeat  of 
the  Rebels   Tyrone  and  OdoncU.  1692,  4to.     In  verse. 
Byrd.Josias.    Serm.  Canticles,  ii.  19.  Oxon..  1613.  4to. 
Byrd,  Samuel.     Dialogue  betweene  Paule  and  De- 
mas.  1589. 

Byrd,  or  Bird,  William,  1543-1623,  a  very  eminent 
composer  of  sacred  music,  organist  of  Lincoln  Cathedral, 
1563;  a  gentlem.an  of  the  Chapel  Royal,  1569;  subse- 
quently organist  to  Queen  Elizabeth.  Some  of  his  pieces 
are  recorded  in  Lowndes's  Bibl.  Miinual,  and  .1  fuller  ac- 
count will  be  found  in  Burney's  Hist,  of  Music,  The  cele- 
313 


BYR 

brated  canon,  A'on  nnhfs  TJomi'iic,  has  been  ascribed  to  him, 
althoif'h  some  claim  it  for  Palustrina. 
■  Byrd,  William.     Con.  to  Phih  Trans.  1697.   Account 
of  a  dappled  Negro  Boy. 
Byrdall,  Thomas.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1668. 
Byrde,  John,  d.  1556,  a  native  of  Coventry,  educated 
at  Oxf.,  Bishop  of  Bangor,  1539  ;  of  Chester,  1541.    Queen 
Mary  deprived  him  of  his  bishopric  on  account  of  his  be- 
ing married.     He  became  suffragan  to  Bishop  Bonner,  and 
Vicar  of  Duninow,  Essex.     He  was  a  zealous  opponent  of 
the  doctrine  of  the  Pope's  supremacy,  but  Strype  says  that 
he  endeavoured  to  dissuade  the  martyr  Bilney  from  be- 
coming a  Protestant.     He  was  the  author  of  Lectures  on 
the    Epistles   of  St.   Paul;  De   Fide   Justificante,  lib,  i. 
Learned  Homilies ;  an  Epicede  in  prose.  ^ 

"He  was  a  person  King  Henry  VIII.  made  use  of:  for  m  the 
vear  1536.  he,  with  Bishop  Fox.  the  almoner,  and  Bedel,  a  clerk 
of  the  council,  were  sent  to  Queen  Catheiine.  divorced  from  the 
king,  to  forbear  the  name  of  queen,  which  nevertheless  she  would 
not  do."     See  Athen.  Oxon. 

Byres,  James.  Of  the  Extraordinary  Heats  at  Rome 
in  176S,  Phil.  Trans.,  1768. 

Byres,  James.  Hypog,Ti;  or  Sepulchral  Caverns 
of  Tarqninia,  the  Capital  of  Ancient  Etruria,  41  engrav- 
ings, with  descriptions,  edited  by  Frank  Howard;  5  parts, 
imp.  fob,  Lon.,  1842. 

"The  above  is  a  very  interesting  and  well-executed  work,  repre- 
senting on  a  large  scale  the  Sepulchral  Temples  of  Etruna.  with 
the  curious  ancient  paintings  and  sculpture  preserved  therein. 
The  author,  James  Byres,  Esq.,  of  Tonley.  Aberdeenshire,  was 
nearly  forty  years  antiquarian  president  at  Rome."' 

Byrne,  M.,  Surgeon  in  the  U,  S.  Army.  An  Essay 
to  prove  the  contagious  Character  of  Malignant  Cholera, 
with  brief  Instructions  for  its  Prevention  and  Cure,  Svo, 

2d  edit.,  Phil.,  1855.  ,.,...  ^„    ., , 

"The  iiiethod,  style,  doctrine,  and  practical  wisdom. entitle  It  to 
the  carefal  perusal  of  everv  practitioner  in  the  country."— Da.  J. 
K.  Mitchell,  Prufessor  of  the  Practice  of  Medicine  in  Jefferson  Med. 
Coll.,  PIdl. 

Byrom,  John,  1691-1763,  a  native  of  Kersall,  near 
M.anchester,  England,  was  admitted  a  pensioner  of  Trinity 
College,  Cambridge,  at  the  age  of  16  ;  took  his  degree  of 
B.  A.?  1711.  His  p.i.storal  of  Colin  and  Phoebe,  pub.  in 
the  Spectator,  No.  603,  excited  great  and  deserved  admira- 
tion. It  is  asserted  that  Phoebe  was  intended  for  Joanna, 
the  daughter  of  the  great  Bentley,  master  of  Trinity  Col- 
lei-e,  'This  young  lady  married  Bishop  Cumberland,  and 
was  the  mother  of  the  celebrated  William  Cumberland. 
Byrom  had  before  contributed  to  The  Spectator  two  excel- 
lent papers  on  Dreaming,  under  the  name  of  John  Shadow : 
see  Nos.  586  and  593.  Byrom  was  chosen  Fellow  of  his 
college,  and  soon  after  took  his  degree  of  Master  of  Arts. 
Not  designing  to  take  holy  orders,  he  vacated  his  fellow- 
ship, and  travelled  for  some  time  in  France.  Returning 
home,  he  married  his  cousin,  which  displeasing  his  father 
and  uncle,  the  young  couple  were  thrown  upon  their  own 
resources  for  li  livelihood.  Byrom  now  gave  lessons  in 
stenography,  and  pub.  two  treatises  upon  the  subject,  1767, 
and  Phil.  Trans.,  1748.  (See  the  Encyclopa;dias  of  Rees 
and  Nicholson  for  an  account  of  Byrom's  system.)  By  the 
death  of  a  brother  he  came  into  possession  of  the  family 
estate,  and  spent  the  rest  of  his  days  in  the  enjoyment  of 
competence.  An  Epistle  to  a  Gentleman  of  the  Temple, 
1749.  Enthusiasm;  a  Poem,  1751.  The  Contest,  [between 
Blank  Verse  and  Rhyme.]  1755,  Svo,  Universal  Short 
Hand,  1767  ;  and  Phil.  Trans.,  1748.  Miscellaneous  Poems, 
1773.  2  vols.  Svo. 

"  He  always  found  it  easier  to  express  his  thoughts  in  verse  than 
In  prose.  .  .'.  \Mth  such  an  attachment  to  rhyme,  he  wrote  with 
ease :  it  is  more  to  his  credit  that  he  wrote  in  general  with  correct- 
ness, and  that  his  mind  was  stored  with  varied  imagery  and  original 
turns  of  thouu-ht.  which  he  conveys  in  flowing  measure,  always 
delicate,  and  often  harmonious.  In  his  Dialogue  on  Contentment, 
and  his  Poem  On  the  Fall  of  Man.  in  answer  to  Bishop  Sherlock, 
he  strongly  reminds  us  of  Pope  in  the  celebr.ated  Essay,  although 
in  the  occasional  adoption  of  quaint  conceits  he  appears  to  have 
followed  the  example  of  tbe  earlier  poets.  Of  his  long  pieces,  peiv 
haps  the  best  is  Enthusiasm,  which  is  distinguished  by  superior 
information,  and  a  glow  of  vigorous  fancy  suited  to  the  subject." 
If  tbe  reader  bo  unacquainted  with  Colin  and  Phcebe, 
and  wish  to  realize  what  the  Eastern  monarch  sighed  for 
in  vain — "  a  new  pleasure" — let  him  or  her  immediately 
refer  tothe  Spectali>r.  No.  693.  and  read  this  sweet  pastoral. 
Byrom's  poems  will  be  fcnind  in  Johnscm  and  Chalmers's 
English  Poets.  1821,  21  vrd.s.  r.  Svo,  and  his  life  in  Biog, 
Brit.,  and  Chalmers's  Biog,  Diet. 

Byrom,  John.     Assize  serm..  Rom.  xiii.  1,  1681.  4to. 

Byron,  Sliss.     The  English  Woman;  a  Novel.  189,5, 

5  vols.     Hours  of  Affluence,  and  Days  of  .Indigence.  1899, 

2  vols.     The  Modern  Villa,  and  the  Ancient  Castle.  1819, 

3vols.l2mo.    TheEnglishman.18ll.6vols.12mo.    Bache- 


BYR 

lor's  Journal,  inscribed  (without  permission)  to  the  Girls 
of  England,  ISU,  2  vols.  12mo. 

"  An  in^'eiiious  history  of  feelings  and  observations,  displaying 
some  kuowlea-^eofhuuian  nature,  and  written  in  a  creditable  style, 
yet  having  so  little  either  of  plot  or  story,  that  most  readers  will 
■wish  the  bachelor  to  have  abridged  his  journal."— jUn.  Monthly 
Sevieiv.  1815. 

Byron,  Mrs.  Anti-I>elphine;  a  Novel,  1806,  2  vols. 
12mo.  Drelincourt  and  Rodalvi ;  or  Memoirs  of  two  Noble 
Families.  1SU7,  S  vols.  12mo. 

"The  title-page  of  this  work  seemed  to  threaten  us  with  a  tale 
of  horror,  and  the  preface  added  to  our  fuars.  We  were  happy, 
however,  to  find  the  author  speedily  indulging  in  a  sportive  rather 
than  a  terrific  humour;  and  to  meet  also  some  just  reflections 
arising  naturally  from  the  scenes  portrayed  by  the  fancy  of  the 
writer." — Lon.  Monthly  Rpview.  1810. 
The  Borderers,  1812.  3  vols.  12010. 
Byroi),  George  Anson,  Lord,  successor  to  the  suc- 
ceeding, and  seventh  Lurd  Byron.  A  Narrative  of  the 
Voyage  of  his  Majesty's  Ship  Blonde  to  the  Sandwich  Is- 
lands, in  1824,  '25,  4to,  with  platos. 

Byron,  George  Gordon,  Lord,  January  22, 178S- 
Aprii  19,  IS24.  was  the  only  child  of  Copfain  John  Byron 
of  the  Ouards,  and  Miss  Catherine  Gordon  of  Gight,  in 
Aberdeenshire.  The  celebrated  Admiral  Byron  was  grand- 
father to  tho  subject  Oi*  our  memoir. 

"It  has  been  said  of  Lord  Byron  that  he  was  proiider  of  being  a 
descendant  of  those  Ryrons  who  accompanied  William  the  Con- 
queror into  England,  than  of  having  been  the  author  of  Childe 
Harold  and  Manfred." 

The  name  of  Ralph  de  Burun  occurs  in  Doomsd.ay-book 
among  the  principal  tenants  of  Nottinghamshire;  and  his 
descendants,  the  Lords  of  Horestan  Castle,  held  large  pos- 
sessions in  Derbyshire  and  Lancashire.  The  name  of 
Byron  acquired  fresh  distinction  at  the  siege  of  Calais  un- 
der Edward  III.,  and  in  the  fields  of  Cressy.  Bosworth,  and 
Marston  Moor.  In  the  reign  of  Henry  VIIL,  on  the  dis- 
solution of  the  monasteries,  the  church  and  priory  of  New- 
stead,  with  the  lands  adjoining,  were  by  royal  grant  con- 
ferred upon  "8ir  John  Byron  the  Little,  with  the  great 
beard.''  At  tbe  coronation  of  James  I.  his  grandson  was 
made  a  Knight  of  the  Bath,  and  in  the  year  1643,  [temp. 
Charles  I..)  Sir  John  Byron,  "great-grandson  of  hira  who 
succeeded  to  the  rich  domains  of  Newstead,"  was  created 
Baron  Byron  of' Rochdale,  in  the  county  of  Lancaster. 
This  honour  was  well  deserved,  for 

"Sir  John  Biron.  afterward  Lord  Biron,  and  all  his  brothers, 
bred  up  in  arms  and  valiant  men  in  their  own  persons,  were  all 
passionately  the  king's," — 0>h  Hidchinson^s  Mfnifnrs. 

Cul.  Hutchinson  was  cousin-german  to  Sir  Richard  Bi- 
ron, and  when  the  latter  advised  him  to  surrender  his  cas- 
tle, ho  returned  an  answer  that 

'■Except  he  found  his  own  heart  prone  to  such  treachery,  he 
might  consider  there  was.  if  nothing  else,  so  much  of  a  Biron's 
blood  in  him.  that  he  should  very  much  scorn  to  betray  or  quit  a 
trust  he  had  undertaken." 

At  the  battle  of  Edgehill  there  were  no  less  than  seven 
brothers  of  the  Byron  family  on  the  field.  William,  third 
Lord  Byron,  succeeded  his  father.  Richard,  second  Lord 
Byron,  in  1679.  About  1750  the  shipwreck  and  sufferings 
of  the  Hon.  John  (afterw.ards  Admiral)  Byron,  second  son 
of  William,  fourth  Lord  Byron,  excited  the  public  attention 
and  sympathy.  In  1765  the  name  was  brought  less  credit- 
ably into  notice,  by  the  trial  before  the  House  of  Peers, 
of  the  fifth  Lord  Byron,  for  killing  in  a  duel,  or  rather, 
hasty  quarrel,  his  relative,  Mr.  Chaworth.  His  lordship 
was  indicted  for  murder,  and  only  saved  from  the  penalty 
attendant  on  manslaughter  by  pleading  his  peerage.  He 
passed  the  rest  of  his  life  in  seclusion  at  Newstead  Abbey, 
dying  in  1798,  when  the  title  and  estates  of  the  family  were 
inherited  by  the  subject  of  our  memoir.  The  admiral's 
only  son,  John,  became  a  captain  of  the  Guard.  He  was 
conspicuous  as  one  of  the  handsomest  and  most  dissipated 
men  of  his  time,  and  known  familiarly  as  **  Mad  Jack  By- 
ron." In  his  27th  year  he  was  the  cause  of  a  divorce  be- 
tween the  Marquis  and  Marchioness  of  Carmarthen,  and 
married  the  lady  himself.  She  survived  their  union  but 
two  years.  Their  only  child  was  a  daughter,  Augusta  By- 
ron, afterwards  the  wife  of  Colonel  licigh.  In  the  year 
following  the  death  of  his  first  wife.  Captain  Byron  mar- 
ried Miss  Catherine  Gordon,  only  chilil  and  heiress  of 
George  Gordon,  Esq.,  of  Gight.  in  Aberdeenshire.  The 
marriage  was  one  of  "convenience"  on  the  part  of  the 
groom,  and  he  soon  found  it  convenient  to  sacrifice  her 
estate  to  the  importunities  of  his  creditors :  within  two 
years  Miss  Gordon's  very  large  property,  {the  estate  alone 
being  sold  for  £17.850,)  with  the  exception  of  a  trifle,  was 
thus  swallowed  up.  Mrs.  Byron's  acerbity  of  disposition 
has  become  world  renowned,  but  we  think  that  her  bridal 
experience  shoidd  not  be  omitted  when  her  character  is  to 
be  weighed.     Even  a  very  amiable  heiress  may  be  pardoned 


for  a  little  discomposure  of  temper,  when  she  finds  that  she 
has  fnllen  a  prey  to  a  protligate  fortune-hunter,  who  re- 
duces her  in  a  few  years  from  a  splendid  establishment  to 
£150  per  annum  !  With  such  an  unpromising  honeymoon, 
we  need  not  wonder  that  the  union  proved  to  be  such  only 
in  name,  and  in  a  short  time  even  the  name  was  sacrificed 
to  embittered  passions,  and  *'  Mad  Jack  Byron"  returned 
to  his  bachelor  life,  only  visiting  the  wretched  woman 
whom  he  almost  beggared,  for  the  purpose  of  extorting 
more  money  from  her  scanty  purse.  At  his  last  visit  ha 
did  not  leave  Aberdeen  until  he  had  succeeded  in  wringing 
from  her  a  sufiicient  sum  to  defray  his  expenses  to  Valen- 
ciennes, where  in  the  year  following,  (17SI3,)  to  the  relief 
of  his  wife  in  particular,  and  human  niiture  in  general,  ho 
terminated  his  most  unprofitable  existence.  Ilis  wiib>w 
was  violently  affected  at  the  news  of  his  death,  tor  she 
never  lost  her  affection  for  him ;  .and  when  the  young  By- 
ron's nurse  would  meet  the  Captain  in  her  walks,  the  de- 
serted and  injured,  but  still  loving,  wife,  would  '■  inquire 
with  the  tenderest  anxiety  as  ti>  his  health  and  looks." 
How  common  is  it  to  blame  this  unfi>rtunate  woman  as  the 
cause  of  the  mental,  if  not  the  moral,  obliquities  of  the 
future  poet;  but  is  it  not  eh.aritable  to  suppose  that  such  a 
melancholy  reverse  of  fortune,  eflected  too  b^'  such  means, — 
so  bitter  a  disappointment  in  tho  object  of  her  affections, 
who,  too,  was  "unmanly  enough  to  taunt  her  with  the  in- 
C(}nveniences  of  that  penury  which  his  own  extravagance 
had  occasioned," — isit  not  charitable  to  suppose  that  health 
of  mind  may  have  been  impaired,  where  the  heart  had  suf- 
fered so  much  ? 

We  will  make  one  concession  to  the  modern  apologists 
for  Lord  Byron's  character :  bad  as  he  was,  he  certainly 
was  a  better  man  than  his  father. 

In  1  798  the  fifth  Lord  Byron,  his  great-uncle,  died  with- 
out issue,  and  George,  then  ten  years  of  age,  succeeded  to 
tho  title  and  estates  of  his  family.  He  was  now  pliieed 
under  the  care  of  the  Earl  of  Carli.sle,  who  had  m.arried 
the  sister  of  the  late  Lord  Byron.  The  young  nobleman 
was  placed  at  Harrow  Schnul,  where  he  was  more  distin- 
guished for  his  love  of  manly  sports  than  for  any  devotion 
to  study.  When  16  years  of  age  he  was  one  of  a  party 
assembled  at  the  Hall  of  Annesley,  the  residence  of  the 
Chaworth  family.  Miss  Chaworth  was  then  eighteen,  and 
a  young  lady  of  rare  loveliness.  Young  Byron  saw  and 
loved.  The  aflections  of  the  Lady  were,  however,  already 
engaged,  and  had  it  been  otherwise,  the  youthful  lover 
seems  to  have  had  but  a  doubtful  prospect  of  success.  By- 
ron's admiration  had  been  sufliciently  obvious  to  its  object, 
and,  it  would  appear,  to  others ;  for  he  was  doomed  to  tho 
mortification  of  hearing  her  remark — or  being  informed 
of  the  speech  by  some  gttod-natured  friend — "Do  you  think 
I  could  care  any  thing  for  that  lame  boy?"  This  sarcasm 
"was  like  a  shot  through  his  heart.  Tliough  late  at  night  when 
he  heard  it.  he  instantly  darted  out  of  the  house,  and,  scarcely 
knowing  whither  he  ran.  never  stopped  till  he  found  himself  at 
Newstead." — Moore's  Life  of  Bijron. 

It  is  a  curious  fact  that  neither  Lord  Byron  nor  his  bio- 
grapher, Mr.  Moore,  seems  to  have  been  aware  that  Wil- 
liam, third  Lord  Byron,  who  (more  successful  than  his 
kinsman)  married,  some  time  before  1679,  Elizabeth, 
daughter  of  John,  Lord  Chaworth,  was  also  a  poet.  See 
Thomas  Shipman's  Carolina,  or  Loyal  Poems.  1683,  8vo. 

When  between  sixteen  and  seventeen,  Byron  was  entered 
of  Trinity  College,  Cambridge,  and  here  he  wasted  the 
hours,  which  properly  employed  would  have  secured  to 
him  a  solid  foundation  of  learning,  in  reckless  profligacy. 
He  quitted  college  at  nineteen,  and  took  up  his  residence 
at  the  family-seat  of  Newstead  Abbey,  .and  here  he  pro- 
pared  for  publication  a  number  of  his  early  productions, 
under  the  title  of  Hours  of  Idleness;  A  Series  of  Poems, 
Original  and  Translated.  By  George  Gordon,  Lord  Byron, 
a  Minor,  8vo,  pp.  200,  Newark,  1807.  There  was  very 
little  in  this  collection  to  attract  more  than  passing  notice, 
and  notwithstanding  some  striking  stanzas,  it  would,  if 
the  autlicu-  had  written  nothing  else,  have  hardly  survived 
its  year;  but  the  Edinburgh  Review  thought  a  young  lord 
too'good  a  mark  to  be  despised,  and  they  forthwith  served 
him  up  for  the  entertainment  of  a  public  who  had  learned 
to  relish  their  highly-spiced  dishes. 

*'  The  poesy  of  this  voung  lord  belongs  to  the  class  which  neither 
gods  nor  men  are  said" to  permit.  Indeed  we  do  not  recollect  to  have 
seen  a  quantity  of  verse  with  so  few  deviations  fiom  that  exact  stand- 
ard. His  efTusions  are  spread  over  a  dead  Hat.  and  can  no  more  get 
above  or  below  the  level,  than  if  they  were  so  much  stagnant  water. 
As  an  fxtenuatinn  of  this  offence,  the  noble  author  is  peculiarly  for- 
ward iu  pleading  minority.  .  .  He  possibly  means  to  say, '  See  how  a 
minor  can  write!  This  poem  was  actually  composed  by  a  young  man 
of  eighteen,  and  this  by  one  of  only  sixteen !'  But.  alas,  we  all  re- 
member the  poetry  of  Cowley  at  ten,  and  Pope  at  twelve ;  and  so  far 
from  hearing,  with  any  degree  of  surprise,  that  very  poor  verse? 


BYR 


BYR 


■were  written  by  a  youth  from  his  leaving  school  to  his  leaving 
college.  incli>sive,  we  really  Ijelieve  this  to  be  the  most  common  of 
all  occurrences;  that  it  happens  in  the  life  of  nine  men  in  ten  who 
are  educated  in  Enj:land;  and  that  the  tenth  man  writes  better 
Terse  thau  Lord  Byron.  .  .  .  We  counsel  him  that  he  do  forthwith 
abandon  poetry,  and  turn  his  talents,  whith  are  considerable,  and 
his  opportunities,  which  are  great,  to  better  account.  .  .  .  ]f  then, 
the  following  beginning  of  a  '  Sang  of  bards'  is  by  his  lordship,  we 
venture  to  object  to  it,  as  far  as  we  can  comprehend  it.  'What 
form  rises  on  the  roar  of  clouds,  whos«  dark  ghost  gleams  on  the 
red  stream  of  tempests?  His  voice  rolls  on  the  thunder;  'tisOrla. 
the  brown  chief  of  Oithona.  He  was,'  &c.  After  detaining  this 
*  brown  chief  some  time,  the  bards  conclude  by  giving  hiui  their 
advice  to  '  raise  his  fair  locks:'  then  to  •  spread  them  on  the  arch 
of  the  rainbow;'  and  ■  to  smile  through  the  tears  of  the  storm.' 
Of  this  kind  of  thing  there  are  no  less  than  nine  pages;  and  we 
can  so  far  venture  an  opinion  in  their  favour,  that  they  look  very 
like  Macpherson ;  and  we  are  positive  they  are  pretty  nearly  as 
stupid  and  tiresome.  .  .  .  As  our  author  has  dedicated  so  large  a 
part  of  his  volume  to  immortalize  his  employments  at  sthuol  and 
college,  we  cannot  possibly  dismiss  it  without  presenting  the  reader 
with  a  specimen  of  these  ingenious  effusions.  In  an  ode  with  a 
Greek  motto,  called  Granta,  we  have  the  following  magnificent 
stanzas: 

'There  in  apartments  small  and  damp, 

The  candidate  for  rnll.L't-  piizfs 

Sits  poring  by  the  midriiLrlit  ianip, 

Goes  late  to  bed,  yet  early  rises. 

Who  reads  false  quantities  in  Sele, 

Or  puzzles  o'er  the  deep  triangle; 

Depriv'd  of  many  a  whnlesome  meal, 

In  barbarous  Latin  doom'd  to  wrangle. 
Renouncing  every  pleasing  page, 
From  authors  of  historic  use; 
Preferring  to  the  lettered  sage 

The  sijuare  of  the  hypotenuse. 
Still  harmless  are  these  occupations. 

That  hurt  none  but  the  hapless  student, 
Compared  with  other  recreations, 
Which  bring  together  the  imprudent.' 

p.  123.  124,  125. 
"  We  are  sorry  to  hear  so  bad  an  account  of  the  college  psalmody 
as  is  contained  in  the  foUowiug  Attic  stanzas: 

'  Our  choir  would  scarcely  be  excus'd 
Even  as  a  band  of  raw  beginners; 
All  mercy  now  must  be  refus'd 

To  such  a  set  of  croaking  sinners. 
If  David,  when  his  toils  were  ended, 

Had  heard  these  blockheads  sing  before  him, 
To  us  his  psalms  had  ne'er  descended: 
In  furious  mood  he  would  have  tore  'em.' 

p.  126,127. 
"But  whatever  judgment  may  be  passed  on  the  poems  of  this 
noble  minor,  it  seems  we  must  take  them  as  we  lind  them,  and  be 
content;  for  they  are  the  last  we  shall  ever  have  from  him,  .  .  . 
'It  is  highly  improbable,  from  his  situation  and  pursuits  here- 
after,' that  he  should  again  condescend  to  become  an  author. 
Therefore,  let  us  take  what  we  get,  and  be  thankful.  AVhat  right 
have  we  poor  devils  to  be  nice?  We  are  well  off  to  have  got  so 
much  from  a  man  of  this  lord's  station,  who  does  not  live  in  a 
garret,  but  '  has  the  sway'  of  Newstead  Abbey.  Again,  we  say.  let 
us  be  thankful ;  and,  with  honest  Sancho,  liid  God  bless  the  giver, 
nor  look  the  gift-horse  in  the  mouth." — Edhi.  Rev.,  xi.  2S0. 

Doubtless  the  Reviewer,  havlDg  thus  despatched  and 
quietly  iuurned  his  unbappj  victim,  presumed  that  the 
world  had  heard  the  last  of  the  author  of  the  Hours  of 
Idleness,  in  the  capacity  of  poet.  The  Edinburgh  had  so 
long  had  its  own  way  in  the  wholesale  decapitation  of  au- 
thors, that  the  poor  fellows  had  "  become  used  to  it."  and 
hardly  ventured  a  respectful  remonstrance.  The  critic  was 
mistaken  in  his  man,  however.  Byron  had  no  idea  of  tame 
submission.     He  afifected  indifference,  indeed: 

"You  have  seen  the  Edinburgh  Review,  of  course.  I  regret 
Mrs.  Byron  is  so  much  annoyed.  For  my  own  part,  these  'paper 
bullets  of  the  brain'  have  only  taught  me  to  sta,nd  fire;  and  as  I 
have  been  lucky  enough  upon  the  whole,  mv  repfise  and  appetite 
are  not  discomposed."— Z,'.'«.'r^j  Mr.  Bedirr.  March  28.  ISOS. 

But  his  countenance  was  a  more  faithful  index  of  what 
was  passing  within  : 

"  A  friend,  who  found  him  in  the  first  moments  of  exritement 
after  reading  the  article,  inquired  anxiously,  whether  he  had  just 
received  a  challenge?  not  knowing  how  else  to  account  for  the  fierce 
defiance  of  his  looks.'' 

He  afterwards  acknowledged  that  he  essayed  to  drown 
his  mortification  in  three  bottles  of  claret  after  dinner,  on 
the  day  he  perused  this  terrible  critique.  Nothing,  he 
said,  relieved  him 

•'Till  he  had  given  vent  to  his  indignation  in  rhyme,  and  'after 
the  first  twenty  lines  he  felt  himself  considerably  better.'" 

It  is  an  evidence  of  Mrs.  Byron's  affection  for  her  son, 
that,  she  seems  to  have  taken  this  matter  as  much  to  heart 
as  did  the  young  author. 

In  March.  1S09,  appeared  his  response  to  the  Edinburgh 
critics,  for  such  it  was  in  fact,  under  the  title  of  English 
Bards  and  Scotch  Reviewers.  That  this  pungent  satire 
pbould  have  obtained  immediate  celebrity  is  no  marvel. 
Men  have  a  natural  taste  for  belligerent  demon.strations, 
and  twenty  will  stop  to  see  a  combat,  where  one  will  pause 
320  ^ 


to  see  two  friends  shake  hands.  A  fresh  edition  was 
called  for  within  a  few  weeks.  The  authors,  long  a  suffer- 
ing tribe,  rejoiced  in  their  new  chanipion,  delighted  that 
the  reviewers  had  found  a  "foeman  worthy  uf  their  steel," 
whilst  the  public  generally,  who  had  before  laughed  at  the 
victims,  were  now  equally  well  pleased  to  laugh  at  the  exe- 
cutioners in  the  day  of  their  discomfiture.  The  injustice 
of  many  of  the  attacks  in  this  famed  satire  was  afterwards 
acknowledged  by  the  author  himscdf.  He  calls  it  "a  fero- 
cious rhapsody,"  and  "a  miserable  record  of  misplaced 
anger  and  indiscriminate  acrimony."  Jefirey  was  attacked 
with  the  greatest  severity;  but  the  author  was  mistaken 
in  ascribing  the  critique  which  displeased  him  to  this  quar- 
ter. Lord  Brougham  being  really  answerable  for  it.  After 
passing  through  four  editions,  his  lordship  suppressed  his 
satire.  In  li>Oy  he  concluded  to  travel  on  the  continent, 
and  left  home  accompanied  by  his  friend  and  fellow-colle- 
gian, John  Cam  Hobhouse,  who  is  still  living,  (1855.)  Lord 
Byron  has  given  us  a  better  idea  of  his  peregrinations  in 
Greece,  Turkey,  Ac,  in  the  pages  of  Childe  Harold's  Pil- 
grimage, than  any  other  pen  can  furnish.  He  returned 
home  in  June,  ISU,  having  been  absent  for  two  years. 
Shortly  after  his  reaching  England,  his  mother  was  at- 
tacked by  sickness,  which  proved  fatal  before  he  arrived 
at  Newstead.  In  1812  appeared  the  first  two  cantos 
of  Childe  Harold's  Pilgrimage:  they  were  eminently  suc- 
cessful : 

"The  effect  was  electric:  his  fame  had  not  to  wait  for  any  of  the 
ordinaiy  gradations,  but  seemed  to  spring  up,  like  the  palace  of  a 
fairy  tale,  in  a  night.  As  he  himself  briefly  described  it  in  his 
Memoranda,  -I  awoke  one  morning  and  found  myself  famous.' 
The  first  edition  of  his  work  was  disposed  of  instantly;  and  as  the 
echoes  of  its  reputation  multiplied  on  all  sides.  -Childe  Harold,* 
and  "Lord  Byron'  became  the  theme  of  every  tongue.'' — Moore's 
Liff-  of  Byrfm. 

The  copyright  money  paid  by  Mr.  Murray,  £600,  his 
lordship  presented  to  Mr.  Dallas,  saying  that  he  never 
wouM  receive  money  for  his  writings,  (see  Dallas's  Recol- 
lections.) "  a  resolution,"  remarks  Mr.  Moore,  perhaps  with 
some  allowable  esprit  du  corps,  '*  he  afterward  wisely  aban- 
doned." 

Mr.  Murray  paid  at  different  times,  for  copyrights  of  his 
lordship's  poems,  certainly  over  £15,000.  A  few  days  be- 
fore the  publication  of  Childe  Harold,  he  made  his  first 
speeeli  in  the  Hout;e  of  Lords,  when  he  opposed  the  second 
reading  of  the  Framework  Bill.  His  second  speech  was 
in  favour  of  Catholic  Emancipation,  and  the  third  was  on 
the  2d  of  July,  ISl.'i,  when  he  addressed  the  House  on 
presenting  Major  Cartwright's  petition.  His  lordship  was 
not  calculated  the  "applause  of  listening  senates  to  com- 
mand," and  did  not  care  to  occupy  a  position  where  he 
could  never  hope  to  be  first.  On  the  2d  of  January,  1S15, 
he  was  married  to  Miss  Anne  Isabella,  only  daughter  of 
Sir  Ralph  Millbanke,  (since  Noel,}  baronet,  who  had  about 
a  year  previously  declined  his  overtures.  The  £10,000 
received  with  this  lady  were  speedily  dissipated,  and  pecu- 
niary embarrassment  aggravated  a  want  of  congeniality, 
which  might  have  been  anticipated  from  the  first.  Nor 
did  the  birth  of  a  daughter,  Ada,  afterwards  Countess  of 
Lovelace,  born  December  10th,  1815,  tend  to  produce  per- 
manent harmony.  Lady  Byron  returned  home  in  January, 
1816,  with  the  avowed  object  of  a  temporary  vi.sit  to  her 
family,  but  slie  did  not  sec  proper  to  again  place  herself 
under  his  lordship's  protection.  Perhaps  the  true  causes 
of  this  alienation  have  never  wholly  transpired,  but  we 
learn  from  her  ladyship's  explanation,  that  she  liad  good 
reason  to  suspect  the  sanity  of  her  husband,  and  did  not 
deem  herself  justified  in  remaining  under  his  roof.  But, 
on  the  other  hand,  her  ladyship  has  not  escaped  censure. 
That  there  was  much  affection  on  the  part  of  the  groom  at 
the  time  of  the  marriage,  we  may  he  allowed  to  doubt. 
Shortly  before  his  second  proposal,  he  permitted  a  friend 
to  offer  "  his  hand  and  heart"  to  another  lady.  She  de- 
clined, as  Miss  M.  had  done. 

'•You  see,"  said  Lord  Byron,  "that  Miss  Millbanke  is 
to  be  the  person."  He  wrote  her  a  letter,  repeating  his 
proposition.  His  friend  read  it :  the  language  was  good, 
the  periods  well  turned.  It  was  worthy  of  insertion  in 
the  next  edition  of  The  Complete  Letter  Writer.  His 
friend  was  a  judge  of  fine  writing;  he  commended  it 
warmly : 

'*  This  is  really  a  very  pretty  letter ;  it  is  a  pity  it  should 

not  go!"     "Then  it  shall  go,"  replied  his  lordship.     It 

I  went:  the  lady  had  already  satisfied  the  usual  punctilio 

of  her  sex  by  saying  "No;"  she  now  satisfied  herself  by 

saying  '*  Yes."     Is  it  not  strange  that  even  in  this  day  of 

I  increased  light,  there  should  be  simple  wooers  so  unso- 

I  phisticated  as  to  take  what  is  intended  by  the  lady  as  the 


BTR 

first  step  to  a  suof^cssful  pnrley — the  niotter-of-coiirso  "No," 
— fcr  the  conclusion  of  the  treaty  ?  Hf>wever,  the  evil  will 
work  its  own  cure.  For  if  men  thus  persist  in  thus  untler- 
standin^;  responses  literally,  the  courted  will  have  to  ac- 
commodate themselves  to  circumstances,  and  say  that  first 
which  they  had  intended  to  say  last. 

Lord  Byron  now  left  England  with  the  avowed  inten- 
tion of  never  again  seeing  his  native  land.  lie  sailed 
from  London  for  Ostend.  April  25,  1S16,  proceeded  to 
Brussels,  and  visited  the  field  nf  Waterloo;  then  turned 
his  steps  towards  Cohlentz.  sailed  up  the  Rhine  to  Basle, 
and  passed  through  part  of  Switzerland  to  Geneva.  There, 
for  the  first  time,  he  met  with  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Shelley. 
There  was  much  congeniality  in  their  tastes  and  disposi- 
tions, and  a  warm  intimacy  sprung  up  between  them. 
Both  were  distinguished  for  extraordinary  poetical  powers, 
with  an  apparent  incapacity  fur  logical  deduction,  a  morbid 
passion  for  disgraceful  notoriety,  finding  "their  glory  in 
their  shame,"  and,  with  an  insane  recklessness,  contemn- 
ing the  judgments  of  that  Almighty  Ruler,  whose  precepts 
they  set  at  naught.  Both  were  men  of  superficial  acquire- 
ments, and  altogether  without  profundity  of  erudition. 
Yet,  shamefully  ignorant  of  the  records  of  the  past,  they 
affected  to  doubt  the  authenticity  of  that  inspired  volume 
whose  evidences  they  had  never  probed,  and  permitted 
their  captious  ignorance  to  quibble  and  contend  where  the 
reverent  learning  of  a  Locke  and  a  Newton  believed  and 
adored.  Yet  even  Byron  was  shocked  by  the  profanity 
of  his  friend,  and  seems  to  have  had  at  times  a  "certain 
fearful  looking  for  a  judgment  to  come."  which  forbade 
entire  security  on  the  brink  of  ruin.  Whilst  :it  Piodati,  ; 
near  Geneva,  be  wrote  the  third  canto  of  CliiUle  Harold's 
Pilgrimage ;  to  this  succeeded  The  Prisoner  of  Chillon,  A 
Dream,  and  other  Poems.  In  October.  18lfi,  he  visited 
Italy,  and  settled  at  Venice  in  November.  Of  his  course 
of  life  whilst  in  this  city,  we  have  no  disposition  to  enter 
into  the  particulars.  It  is  no  pleasant  thing  to  linger  over 
such  sad  details.  Mr.  Moore  has  increased  the  public 
censure,  before  richly  merited  by  some  of  his  own  effu- 
sions, by  the  additional  sin  of  apnlogiziug  for  the  shame- 
ful conduct  of  his  friend  and  brother  poet.  For  this 
reason,  and  others,  an  expurgated  edition  of  Moore's  Life 
of  Byron  is  as  necessary  for  the  parlour  table,  as  an  ex- 
purgated edition  of  his  lordship's  poems.  In  1817  ap- 
peared Manfred,  a  Tragedy,  and  The  Lament  of  Tasso. 
In  the  next  year  he  puldished  the  fourth  and  last  canto 
of  Childe  Hamld.  which  tended  to  keep  alive  the  interest 
felt  in  the  personal  experience  of  the  poet.  Beppo  ap- 
peared in  the  t^ame  year,  and  in  the  next.  (1819,)  the  tale 
of  Mazeppa,  and  the  first  part  of  Don  .luan  were  given  to 
the  public.  At  an  evening  party,  given  by  the  Countess 
Benzoni,  he  became  acquainted  with  the  Countess  Guic- 
cioli.  Teresa  Garaba,  the  daughter  of  a  Romagnese  noble- 
man, had  recently  been  emancipated  from  the  restraints 
of  a  convent,  and  became  the  wife  of  a  widower  in  ad- 
vanced life,  who  in  his  younger  days  had  been  distin- 
guished as  the  friend  of  Alfieri,  and  in  his  old  age  was  as 
much  courted  for  his  wealth.  At  the  time  of  this  ill-as- 
sorted union,  Teresa  was  only  eighteen,  very  beautiful, 
and.  as  appears  by  the  sequel,  equally  indiscreet.  The 
story  of  the  first  evening  of  their  acquaintance  can  be  best 
told  by  herself: 

"  I  became  acquainted  with  Lord  Byron  in  the  sprinp;  of  1819  : 
— he  was  introduced  to  me  at  Venice,  by  the  Countess  Benzoni, 
at  one  of  that  Iady"s  parties.  This  introduction,  which  had  so 
much  influence  over  the  lives  of  us  both,  took  place  contrary  to 
our  wishes,  and  had  been  permitted  by  us  only  from  courtesy. 
For  myseifi  more  fatifiued  than  usual  that  evening  on  account  of 
the  late  hours  they  keep  at  Venice,  I  went  with  great  repugnance 
to  this  party,  and'  purely  in  obedience  to  Count  Guiccioli.  Lord 
Rvron,  too,  whn  was  averse  to  forminp;  new  acquaintances — alleg- 
ing that  hi  had  entirely  renounced  all  attachments,  and  was  un- 
willing any  more  to  expose  himself  to  their  consequences — on 
being  requested  by  the  Countess  Benzoni  to  allow  himself  to  he 
presented  to  me.  refu.'Jed.  and,  at  last,  only  assented  from  a  desire 
to  oblii^e  her.  His  nobie  and  exquisitely  be^iutiful  countenance, 
the  tone  of  his  voice,  his  manners,  the  thousand  enchantments 
that  surrounded  him,  rendered  him  so  different  and  so  superior  a 
beincT  to  any  whtm  I  had  hitherto  seen,  that  it  was  impossible  he 
should  not  have  left  the  most  profound  impression  on  me.  From 
that  evening,  during  the  whole  of  my  subsequent  stay  at  Venice, 
we  met  every  day." 

We  need  only  dwell  upon  this  unhappy  story  long 
enough  to  remark,  that  when  Count  Guiccioli  was,  for  po- 
litical reasons,  banished  from  the  Tuscan  States,  and  em- 
barked for  Genoa,  his  wife  remained  under  Lord  Byron's 
protection.  An  application  to  the  Pope  severed  the  legal 
tie  which  still  bound  her  to  her  husband. 

In  December,  1810,  he  left  Venice,  and  after  visiting 
some  of  the  Italian  dominions  of  Austria,  took  up  his 
21 


BYR 

residence  at  Ravenna,  and  subsequently  at  Pisa.  In  1820 
he  published  Marino  Faliero.  Doge  of  Venice,  intended  to 
illustrate  the  theory  of  the  dramatic  unities.  Upon  thia 
vexed  question  we  shall  hardly  be  expected  to  enter.  In 
1821  he  published  his  celebrated  epistle  to  the  Rev.  Wil- 
liam Lisle  Bowles,  entitled,  A  Letter  to  the  Author  of 
Strictures  on  the  Life  and  Writings  of  Pope.  In  the  samo 
year  appeared  The  Two  Foscari,  a  Tragedy;  Sardanapalus, 
a  Tragedy  :  and  Cain,  a  Mystery.  Perhaps  this  last  is  the 
most  shocking  exhibition  of  folly  and  skepticism  of  which 
the  author  was  ever  guilty.  What  folly  can  be  greater 
than  that  which  arraigns  the  decrees  of  infinite  wisdom, 
because  unfathomable  by  man's  limited  capacities? 

In  the  year  following,  Byron  and  Shelley — par  nolile 
frntnim  — in  conjunction  with  Mr.  Leigh  Hunt,  com- 
menced the  publication  of  The  Liberal,  a  periodical  which 
was  discontinueil  after  the  4th  number,  owing  to  the  death 
of  Shelley,  who  was  drowned  by  the  upsetting  of  a  plea- 
sure-boat in  the  Mediterranean.  Thus  perished  one  of 
the  most  truly  original  poets  that  England  has  ever  seen. 
Had  his  judgment  been  equal  to  his  genius,  and  his  pas- 
sions under  proper  control,  he  would  have  proved  a  bene- 
factor instead  of  an  injury  to  his  race. 

In  the  Liberal  first  appeared  The  Vision  of  Judgment, 
(elicited  by  a  work  with  the  same  title  by  Southey.)  which 
subjected  the  puldisher  to  a  prosecution,  and  a  fine  of  £100. 
Heaven  and  Earth,  a  Mystery,  was  presented  to  the  public 
through  the  same  channel.  To  these  latter  compositions 
of  bis  lordship,  we  have  to  add  the  concluding  cantos  of 
Don  Juan,  Werner,  a  Tragedy,  and  the  Deformed  Trans- 
formed. 

In  September,  1S22.  be  quitted  Pisa,  and  passed  the 
winter  at  Genoa.  About  this  time  he  received  an  invita- 
tion from  the  London  Committee  of  Philhellenes,  thrimgh 
Mr.  Bbuiuicre.  to  aid  in  the  deliverance  of  Greece  from 
the  Mohammedan  thraldom  under  which  it  suffered. 
As  this  subject  had  already  enlisted  the  sympathies  of  a 
poet  who  had  long  loved  (Treece  for  the  past,  and  mourned 
over  her  present  degradation,  the  invitation  was  cordially 
welcomed  : 

■*I  cannot  express  to  you  how  much  I  feel  interested  in  the 
cause,  and  nothing  but  the  hnpes  I  entertained  of  witnessing  the 
liberation  of  Italv  itselt;  prevented  me  long  ago  from  returning  to 
do  what  I  could",  as  an  individual,  in  that  land  which  it  is  in 
honour  even  to  have  visited.'"— ieffer  to  Mr.  Blaquiere,  Albaro, 
April  5,  182.1. 

On  the  14th  of  July.  1823,  he  hired  an  English  vessel, 
and  with  a  few  followers  sailed  from  Genoa  for  Cephalonia, 
which  he  reached  at  the  commencement  of  the  third  cam- 
paign. Finding  from  his  friends,  Trelawney  and  Browne, 
that  Missobmghi  was  in  a  state  of  blockade,  he  advanced 
400.000  piastres  (about  £12,000)  for  the  relief  of  the  be- 
sieged city.  On  the  5tb  of  January,  1824,  he  arrived  at 
Missolonghi.  and  attempted  to  niise  a  force  with  which  to 
attack  Lepanto.  He  took  500  Suliotes  into  bis  pay.  but 
his  expedition  was  delayed  by  the  disorderly  and  unsettled 
temper  of  his  troops.  Those  whom  he  would  gladly  have 
aided  could  not  agree  among  themselves,  and  discordant 
confusion  reigned  in  their  councils.  Disappointed  and 
chagrined,  bis  constitution  gave  way,  and  on  the  15tb  of 
February  he  was  attacked  by  a  severe  fit  of  epilepsy.  En- 
treaties were  unsuccessfully  urged  to  induce  him  to  remove 
to  the  healthier  climate  of  Zante :  "  I  cannot,"  he  writes 
to  a  friend,  "quit  Greece  while  there  is  a  chance  of  my 
being  even  of  (supposed)  utility.  There  is  a  stake  worth 
millions  such  as  I  am,  and  while  I  can  stand  at  all.  1  must 
stand  by  the  cause."  Four  times  within  a  month  the  at- 
tack was  repeated,  yet  he  recovered.  But  on  the  9th  of 
April,  being  caught  in  a  shower  while  taking  bis  ride  on 
horseback,  a  rheumatic  fever,  accompanied  with  inflamma- 
tion of  the  brain,  seized  him.  This  occurred  on  the  12th 
inst.,  and  on  the  19th  he  breathed  his  last.  The  account 
of  his  last  moments,  as  given  by  Major  Parry,  Dr.  Mil- 
linger,  and  his  faithful  servant  Fletcher,  is  deeply  inte- 
resting. He  had  been  charging  Fletcher,  in  the  weakness 
of  expiring  nature,  to  carry  messages  to  his  sister,  to 
Lady  Byron,  and  others,  and 

"ITethen  said,  '  Now  I  have  told  you  all.'  '  My  lord.'  replied 
Fletcher.  '  I  have  not  understood  a  woid  your  lordship  has  been 
saying.'  'Not  understand  me?'  exclaimed  Lord  Byron,  with  a 
look  of  the  utmost  distress,  -^'hat  a  pity!— then  it  is  too  late; 
all  is  over !'  '  I  hope  not,'  answered  Fletcher, '  but  the  Lord's  will 
be  done.'  '  Yea.  not  mine,'  said  Byron.  He  then  tried  to  utter  a 
few  words,  of  which  none  were  intelligible,  except '  My  sister — my 
child!'  He  spoke  also  of  Greece,  saying,  '■I  have  given  her  my 
time,  my  means,  my  health— and  now  I  give  her  my  life!— what 
could  I  do  more?'  .  .  .  It  was  about  six  o'clock  on  the  evening  of 
this  day.  when  he  said.  '  Now  I  shall  go  to  sleep:'  and  then,  turn- 
ing round,  he  fell  into  that  slumber  from  which  he  never  awoke." 
— 3foore^s  Li/f.  of  Byron. 


BYR 


BYR 


An  American  gentleman,  who  spent  some  days  with 
Lord  Byron  in  February,  1S24,  two  months  before  his  de- 
cease, has  published  a  very  interesting  account  of  their 
conversations.     We  give  a  brief  extract : 

"  I  found  the  poet  in  a  weak,  and  rather  irritable,  state,  but  he 
treated  me  with  the  utmost  kindness.  He  said  that  at  the  time 
I  first  called  upon  him.  all  strant;ers,  and  most  of  his  friends,  were 
exiluded  from  his  room.  '  But,'  said  he,  •  had  1  known  an  .Ameri- 
can was  at  the  door,  you  should  not  have  been  denied.  1  love 
your  country,  sir;  it  is  the  land  of  liljerty ;  the  only  portion  of 
God's  green  earth  not  desecrated  by  tyranni/.'  ...  In  a  few  days 
after  I  left  him.  I  received  another  note  from  him.  requesting  me 
to  call,  and  bring  with  me  Irtvi.vo's  .Skltcu  Book.  1  took  it  in 
my  hand,  and  went  once  more  to  the  illustriousauthor's  residence, 
lie  rose  from  his  couch  when  1  entered,  and.  pressing  my  hand 
warmly,  said,  '  Have  you  brought  the  sketch  Book !'  1  handed  it 
to  him,  when,  seizing  it  with  enthusiasm,  he  turned  to  the 
'  Broken  Heart.'  '  That,'  said  he,  '  is  one  of  the  finest  things  ever 
tfritten  on  earth,  and  I  want  to  hear  an  American  read  it.  But 
stay  I  do  you  know  Irving  ?'  I  replied  that  I  had  never  seen  him. 
'  God  bless  him  I'  exclaimed  Byron ;  '  he  is  a  genius ;  and  he  has 
something  better  than  genius— a  heart.  I  wish  I  could  see  him, 
but  1  fear  I  never  shall.  Well,  read— the  '-Broken  Heart" — yes, 
the  "Broken  He,^rt."     What  a  word!' 

"  In  closing  the  first  paragraph.  I  said,  '  Shall  I  conf -ss  it?  I 
believe  in  broken  hearts.'  '  Yes,'  exclaimed  Byron,  'and  so  do  I, 
and  so  does  everybody  but  philosophers  and  fools.'  ^\■hile  1  was 
reading  one  of  the  most  touching  portions  of  that  mournful  piece, 
I  observed  that  Byron  wept.  He  turned  his  eyes  upon  me.  and 
said. '  You  see  me  weep.  sir.  Irving  himself  never  wrote  that  story 
without  weeping ;  nor  can  I  hear  it  without  tears.  I  have  not 
wept  much  in  this  world,  for  trouble  never  brings  tears  to  my 
eyes;  but  I  always  have  tears  for  the  "  Broken  Heart."'  When 
I  read  the  last  line  of  Moore's  verses  at  the  close  of  the  piece, 
Byron  said.  '  What  a  being  that  Tom  Moore  i.s,  and  Irving,  and 
Emmet  and  his  beautiful  love!  What  beings  all!  Sir.  how 
many  such  men  as  Washington  Irving  are  there  in  America? 
God  don't  send  many  such  spirits  into  this  world.  I  want  to  go 
to  America  for  five  reasons.  I  want  to  see  Irving:  I  want  to  see 
your  stupendous  scenery;  I  want  to  see  Washington's  grave;  I 
want  to  see  the  classic  form  of  living  freedom,  and  I  want  to  get 
vour  government  to  recognise  Greece  as  an  independent  nation. 
Poor  Greece!' 

"These  were  the  last  days  of  Bvron ;  and  I  shall  ahvavs  consi- 
der myself  happy  that  I  was  permitted  so  often  to  be  with  him." 

The  personal  appearance  of  Lord  Byron  is  so  well 
known  through  the  medium  of  the  portraits  prefi.'ied  to 
his  poems,  that  any  description  seems  superfluous,  and 
must  necessarily  he  very  unsatisfactory. 

"  Many  pictures  have  been  painted  "of  him,"  savs  a  fair 
critic  of  his  features,  "  with  various  success  ;  but  the  ex- 
cessive beauty  of  his  lips  escaped  every  painter  and  sculp- 
tor. In  their  ceaseless  play  they  represented  every  emo- 
tion, wliether  pale  with  anger,  curled  in  disdain,  smiling 
in  triumph,  or  dimpled  with  archness  and  love." 

His  eyes  were  liglit,  and  very  expressive,  his  head  re- 
markably small,  the  forehead  higl],  and  set  off  to  great 
advantage  by  his  glossy,  dark-brown  curls.  His  teeth 
were  white  and  regular,  his  nose,  though  handsomely, 
rather  thickly,  shaped,  and  his  complexion  colourless. 
His  hands  were  white,  and  aristocratically  small.  In 
height  he  was  five  feet  eight  inches  and  a  half.  The  lame- 
ness of  his  right  i'oot,  so  constant  a  suliject  of  mortifica- 
tion to  him,  was  in  reality  so  slight,  that  Mr.  Moore  tells 
us  he  had  no  little  difficulty  in  deciding,  .amidst  the  con- 
flicting testimony  of  friends,  which  foot  it  was  that  was 
so  affected. 

It  will  now  be  proper  to  quote  some  opinions  upon  the 
works  of  an  author,  who,  whether  commended  or  censured, 
will  always  occupy  a  distinguished  rank  in  the  records  of 
English  literature : 

■■  If  the  finest  poetry  be  that  which  leaves  the  deepest  impres- 
sion on  the  nnnds  of  its  readers— and  this  is  not  the  worst  test  of 
its  excellence — Lord  Byron,  we  think,  must  be  allowed  to  take 
precedence  of  all  his  distinguished  ccintenipnraries  He  has  not 
the  variety  of  Scott— nor  the  deliracx  ,,r  ( 'auipbell— nor  the  abso- 
lute truth  of  Crabbe— nor  the  >|..i,klii,..  p  ,lish  of  .lloore:  but  in 
force  of  diction,  and  unextingiiishalile  energy  of  sentiment,  he 
clearly  surpasses  them  all.  ■  Words  that  bi-e-ithe.  and  thou-hts 
that  burn'  are  not  merely  the  ornaments,  but  llii.  comtnnn  staple 
of  his  poetry;  and  he  is  not  inspired  or  impressive  only  in  some 
happy  |)as.sages,  but  through  the  whole  body  and  ti.SMie  ol  his 
composition.  ...  He  delights  too  exclusively  in  fhe  delineation 
of  a  certain  morbid  ex.altation  of  character  and  of  feelin-  —a  sort 
of  dem.iniacal  sublimity,  not  without  some  traits  of  the  ruined 
archangel.  He  is  haunted  almost  perpetually  with  the  ima-'e  of 
a  being  feeding  and  fed  upon  by  violent  passions,  and  the  recol- 
lections of  the  catastrophes  they  have  occasioned.  .  .  Such  is 
the  person  with  whom  we  are  called  upon  almost  excln«iNeIv  to 
sympathize  in  all  the  greater  productions  of  this  distinguished 
writer :— In  Cbilde  Harold,  in  the  Corsair,  in  Lara,  in  the  Siege  of 
Corinth,  in  Parisina.  and  in  most  of  the  .smaller  pieces  It  is  im- 
possible to  represent  such  a  character  better  than  Lord  Byron  has 
done  in  all  these  productions,— or.  indeed,  any  thing  more  terrible 
in  Its  anger,  or  more  attractive  in  its  relenting.  In  point  of  elTect 
we  re.adily  admit  that  no  one  character  can  he  moi-e  pwlical  or 
more  impressive  :-But  it  is  really  too  much  to  find  the  scene  per-  ) 
n  Vt  ■\"i'''''  ^J  ?"''  character— not  only  in  all  the  .acts,  but  in 
ttU  the  dimoent  pieces;— and,  grand  and  impressive  as  it  is,  we 


feel  at  last  that  these  very  qualities  make  some  relief  more  indis- 
pensable, and  oppress  the  spirits  of  ordinary  mortals  with  too 
de"j>  an  impression  of  awe  and  repulsion.  There  is  too  much 
guilt,  in  short,  and  too  much  gloom,  in  the  leading  character; — 
and.  though  it  be  a  fine  thing  to  gaze,  now  and  then,  on  stormy 
seas  and  thunder-shaken  mountains,  we  should  prefer  passing  our 
days  in  sheltered  valleys,  and  by  the  murmur  of  calm  waters.  ,  .  . 
We  certainly  have  no  hope  of  preaching  huu  into  philanthropy 
and  cheerfulness;  but  it  is  impossible  not  to  mourn  over  such  a 
catastrophe  of  such  a  mind,  or  to  see  the  prodigal  gifts  of  Nature, 
Fortune,  and  Fame  thus  turned  to  bitterness,  without  an  oppres- 
sive feeling  of  impatience,  mortification,  and  surprise.'' — Lord  Jef- 
frey: ICdin.  Hcvuw,  xsvii.  277.  Bead  this  elaborate  article,  in 
whii:h  the  merits  and  demerits  of  Byron's  different  poems  are  re- 
viewed at  leiigtli. 

*''fhe  I'liird  (.'anto  of  Childe  Harold  exhibits,  in  all  its  strength, 
and  in  all  its  peculiarity,  the  wild,  powerful,  and  original  vein  of 
poetry,  which,  in  the  preceding  cantos,  first  fixed  the  public  atten- 
tion upon  the  author.  If  there  is  any  difference,  the  former  seem 
to  us  to  have  been  rather  more  sedulously  corrected  and  revised 
for  publication,  and  the  present  w-ork  to  have  been  dashed  from  the 
author's  pen  with  less  regard  to  the  suljordinafe  points  of  expres- 
sion and  versification.  Yet  such  is  the  deep  and  powerful  strain 
of  passion,  such  the  original  tone  and  colouring  of  description, 
that  the  want  of  polish  in  some  of  its  minute  points  rather  adds 
to,  than  deprives,  the  poem  of  its  energy." — Lon.  QuuTUrly  i?©- 
view,  xvi.  172. 

"  1  agree  very  much  in  what  you  say  of  Cbilde  Harold.  Though 
thei-e  is  something  provoking  and  insulting  to  morality  and  to 
feeling  in  his  misanthropical  ennui,  it  gives  nevertheless  an  odd 
piquancy  to  his  descriptions  and  reflections.  This  is  upon  the 
whole  a  piece  of  most  extraordinary  power,  and  may  rank  its  au- 
thor with  our  first  poets.  I  see  the'Kdinbur'_'h  Review  h.as  hauled 
its  wind."— Sir  Waller  Scott  to  Mr.  Moiritt.  Maij  1'2.  1.S12. 

"  My  intrusion  concerns  a  large  debt  of  glatitude  due  to  your 
lordship.  .  .  .  The  first  coU7i^,  as  our  technical  language  expresses 
it,  relates  to  the  high  pleasure  I  have  received  from  The  Pilgrim- 
age of  Cbilde  Harold,  and  from  its  precursors;  the  foi-merj'with 
all  its  classical  as.sociations.  some  of  which  are  lost  on  so  poor  a 
scbokar  as  I  am,  possesses  the  additional  charm  of  vivid  and  ani- 
mated description,  mingled  with  original  sentiment.  ...  I  hope 
your  lordship  intends  to  give  us  more  of  Cbilde  Harold.  I  was 
delighted  that  my  friend  Jeffrey — for  such,  in  spite  of  many  a 
feud,  literary  and  political.  I  always  esteem  him — has  m.ade  so 
handsomely  the  amende  honorable  for  not  having  discovered  in  the 
bud  the  merits  of  the  flow  er :  and  I  am  bapj.y  to  understand  that 
the  retraction  .so  handsomely  made  was  received  with  equal  libe- 
rality."—.Sl/r  WaWr  Scatt  to  Lonl  Ili/ron,  July  3  and  Ifi.  1812. 
[  Sir  Walter  gives  an  interesting  account  of  his  first  in- 
troduction to  Lord  Byron,  which  occurred  in  the  snrine  of 
11815:  '■       ^ 

_"  I  found  Lord  Byron  in  the  highest  degree  courteous,  and  even 
kind.     We  met  for  an  hour  or  two  aimost  daiiy  in  .Mr.  Murray's 
drawing-room,  and  found  a  great  deal  to  say  to  each  other.  .  .  . 
His  reading  did  not  seem  to  me  to  have  been  very  extensiv^ 
either  in  poetry  or  history.    Having  the  advantage  of  him  in  that 
I  respect,  and  possessing  a  good  competent  share  of  such  reading  as 
I  is  little  read,  I  was  sometimes  able  to  put  under  his  eye  objects 
I  which  had  for  hun  the  interest  of  novelty."     See  Loikhart's  Lilh 
of  Scott. 

"  Never  had  any  writer  so  vast  a  command  of  the  whole  eloquence 
of  scorn,  misanthropy,  and  despair.  That  Marah  was  never  dry. 
No  art  could  sweeten,  no  draughts  could  exhaust,  its  perennial 
waters  of  bitterness.  Never  was  there  such  variety  in  monotony 
as  that  of  Byron.  From  maniac  laughter  to  piei-cing  lamentation, 
there  was  not  a  single  note  of  human  anguish  of  which  he  was  not 
master.  Year  after  year,  and  mouth  after  uujiith,  be  continued  to 
repeat  that  to  be  wretched  is  the  destiny  of  all;  that  to  be  emi- 
nently wretched  is  the  destiny  of  the  eminent:  that  .all  the  desires 
by  which  we  are  cursed  lead  alike  to  misery :  if  thev  are  not  grati- 
fied, to  the  misery  of  disappointment;  if  they  are  g'ratified.  to  the 
misery  of  satiety.  His  principal  heroes  are  nien  who  have  arrived 
by  different  roads  at  the  same  goal  of  despair,  who  are  sick  of  life, 
who  are  at  war  with  society ;  who  are  supported  in  their  anguish 
only  by  an  unquenchable  pride,  resembling  that  of  Prometheus  on 
the  rock,  or  of  .Satan  in  the  burning  marl ;  who  can  master  their 
agonies  by  the  force  of  their  will,  and  who,  to  the  last,  defy  the 
whole  power  of  earth  and  heaven.  He  always  descrilwd  himself 
as  a  man  of  the  same  kind  with  his  favourite  creations,  as  a  man 
whose  heart  had  been  withered,  whose  capacity  for  happiness  was 
gone,  and  could  not  he  restored ;  but  whose  invincible  spirit  dared 
the  worst  that  could  befall  him  here  or  hereafter.  .  .  .  Among  that 
krge  class  of  young  persons  whose  reading  is  almost  confined 
to  works  of  imagination,  the  popularity  of  Lord  Byron  was  un- 
bounded. They  bought  pirtores  of  him,  they  treasured  up  the 
smallest  relics  of  him  ;  they  l.arned  his  poems  by  heart,  and  did 
their  best  to  write  like  him.  to  look  like  him.  Many  of  them  prac- 
tised at  the  glass,  in  the  hope  of  catching  the  curl  of  the  upper 
lip,  and  the  scow]  of  the  brow,  which  appear  in  some  of  his  por- 
traits. A  few  discarded  their  neckcloths  in  imitation  of  their 
great  leader.  For  some  years,  the  Minerva  press  sent  forth  no 
novel  without  a  mysterious,  unhappy,  Ijara-llke  Peer.  The  num- 
ber of  hopeful  undergraduates  and  medical  students  who  became 
things  of  dark  imaginings,  on  whom  the  freshness  of  the  heart 
cea.sed  to  fall  like  dew,  whose  passions  had  consumed  themselves 
to  dust,  and  to  whom  fhe  relief  of  tears  was  denied,  passes  all  cal- 
cul.ation.  Tliis  was  not  the  worst.  There  was  created  in  the  minds 
of  many  of  these  en  I  husiasts.  a  pernicious  and  absurd  as.sociation 
between  intellectual  power  and  moral  depravity.  From  the  poetry 
of  Lord  Byron  they  drew  up  a  system  of  ethics,  compounded  of 
misanthropy  and  voluptuousness:  a  system  in  which  the  two 
great  commandments  were  to  hate  your  neighbour  and  to  lovo  your 
neighbour's  wife."— Lord  Macu'Lav:  Edin,  Ileriew,  ,7iine,  I831- 
and  in  bis  Crit.  ami  i/istor.  Essat/s,  1864,  i.  346,  347,  :J4S. 

See  also  KecoUections  of  Lord  Byron,  by  K.  V.  Dallas, 


mM. 


BYK 


1R24  ;  Conversations  of  Lord  Byron,  by  Thomas  Medwin, 
1S2  I ;  The  Last  Days  of  Lord  Byron,  by  Major  Wtn.  Parry; 
Lord  Byron  and  some  of  his  Contemporaries,  by  Leigh 
Hunt,  1828;  Conversations  on  Religion  with  Lord  Byron 
and  others,  by  James  Kennedy,  M.D.,  1830  ;  Conversations 
with  Lord  Byron  by  Lady  Blessington,  IS'M) ;  Life  of  Byron 
by  John  Gait,  1837 ;  Life  of  Lord  Byron  by  Armstrong, 
1846  ;  Recollections  of  the  Last  Days  of  Byron  and  Shelley, 
by  E.  J.  Trelawney,  1S58;  Shelley's  Julian  and  Maddolo; 
Moir's  Sketches  of  the  Poet.  Lit.  of  the  Past  Ilalf-Century, 
1851;  Alison's  Hist,  of  Europe,  1815-1852,  chap,  v.; 
Newstead  Abbey, — in  Washington  Irving's  Crayon  Mis- 
cellanies; Lon.  Quar.  Rev.,  vols,  vii.,  x.,  xi.,  xix.,  xxvii., 
xxxvii. ;  articles  by  Lord  Jeffrey  in  Edin.  Rev.,  vols,  ix., 
xix.,  xxL,  xxiii.,  xxvii.,  xxviii.,  xxix.,  xxxv.,  xxxvi., 
xxxviii. ;  articles  in  Norlh  Amer.  Rev.,  vols,  v.,  (W.  Phil- 
lijis.)  xiii.  227.  (John  Everett.)  xiii.  450,  (Wm.  H.  Pres- 
cott,)  XX.,  (A.H.Everett,)  xxi.,  (A.  Norton,)  xxxi.,  xxxvi., 
(both  by  W.  B.  0.  Peabody,)  Ix.,  (E.  P.  Whipple:)  Index 
to  Blackw.  Mag.,  1855,  vols.  i.-l.  j  Poole's  Index  to  Period. 
Lit..  1853.  00-61. 

Lord  Byron  presented  Mr.  Moore  with  his  autoldo- 
graphy,  aiid  Mr.  M.  sold  the  MS.  to  John  Murray  for  2000 
guiueas.  Lord  Byron's  family,  after  his  decease,  expressed 
some  unwillingness  to  have  the  MS.  published.  Mr.  Moore, 
with  a  delicacy  worthy  of  the  highest  praise,  destroyed  the 
papers,  and  returned  Mr.  Murray  the  2000  guineas  pur- 
chase-money, with  int<?rcst.  Au  offer  to  reimburse  the  largo 
sum  thus  cheerfully  sacrificed  was  positively  refused  by  Mr. 
Moore.  From  specimens  of  this  autobiography  quoted  to 
us  by  Washington  Irving,  who  inspected  the  MS.,  we  are 
perfectly  satisfied  with  the  disposition  made  of  the  original. 

Two  of  our  countrymen — Mr.  George  Ticknor,  author  of 
The  History  of  Spanish  Literature,  and  Mr.  Edward 
Everett,  lato  minister  of  the  United  States  of  America  at 
the  Court  of  St.  James — have  favoured  us  with  their  MS. 
Recollections  of  Lord  Byron.  Mr.  Ticknor  writes  us, 
(July  22,  1858,  'MVom  memoranda  made  at  the  time,") 

"I  became  acinuiiiilrd  with  Lord  Byron  in  June.  ISl.^,  throuf^h 
the  kinduess  of  .Mr.  (iilloid,  editor  of  the  Quarterly  Review,  who 
had  a  personal  rt't,';ird  U>r  the  grreat  poi't,  and  to  whom  alone,  as 
Lord  Byron  more  tliau  once  told  me,  he  suppoMrl  liiriisi-lf  to  be  ili- 
dt'bted  lor  the  kindness  shown  him  in  that  ciiiiiiriitly  'I'oiy  journal. 
Lord  Byron  was  then  living  in  a  large  and  fim-  li'-usr  in  i'iccadilly. 
I  naw  him  there  only  a  few  tunes — four  in  all — (luring;  the  ten  djiys 
I  was  in  London  after  I  became  acquainted  with  him  ;  besides 
which,  however,  I  met  him  once  in  Murray's  room  in  Albemarle 
St..  and  once  pa.ssed  an  evening  with  him.  Lady  Byron,  and  .Sir 
Ralph  and  Lady  Noel,  in  liie  private  box  in  Drury  Lane  Theatre,  to 
see  Kean  in  'Rule  a  Wife.' — Lord  Byron  being  then  one  of  the 
managing-committee  of  tliat  lli.'atr''  ami  an  adrnirer  of  Kean. 
The  whole  of  such  an  ar.|iiiojiiMrn  !■  wi-  nn  ^  -.>ai  jly  not  much,  and 
could  give  only  the  most  -iipii  li-  i:il  \  i-  w  ■  v>)i  m1  his  manners. 

"Each  time  that  I  saw  bun  at  bimir,  L;idy  ISyion  was  with  him, 
or  came  into  the  room  while  I  was  there.  On  these  occasions,  as 
well  as  at  the  theatre,  his  manners  towards  lier  were  very  natural 
and  simple,  and  tho?ie  of  a  bajipy  man.  lb'  had  then  lieen  niavrictl 
about  six  iiii.iitlis.  ;nid  wa>i  s'>parali-d  from  ber  about  t-'tx  m.aitbs 
aftiTwanis.  ninl-T  tiiciun.stanci'S  .still  imperfecHy  explained  lo  (bo 
pubhc,  but  wbii ;li  weie  known  at  the  time  to  Dr.  Lu.sbingtoii.  Hid 
remarkable  letter,  jiublished  at  the  end  of  Abiore's  life,  when  taken 
in  connection  with  tlie  pure  and  elevated  character  of  the  eminent 
magistrate  who  wrote  it  to  express  his  deliberate  judgment  on 
the  whole  affair,  can  leave  no  reasonable  doubt  that  the  separation 
was  made  from  causes  very  discreditable  to  Lord  Byron. 

'■  The  first  time  I  saw  him,  I  was  struck  with  his  movements  as 
he  came  into  the  room  where  I  was  waiting  for  him.  There  was  a 
screen  before  the  door,  so  that  I  could  not  immediately  see  him ; 
but  the  sound  that  came  from  beliind  it  was  as  if  two  or  throe 
people  were  entering  together.  lie  advancnl  tnwards  me  rajiidly, 
with  his  person  bent  forward,  owing.  I  suppMsrd,  to  the  malcon- 
formation  of  his  lower  limbs,  for  1  noticed  tlie  same  thing  on  other 
occasions,  ikion  after  he  sat  down  ho  took  up  one  of  his  feet — 
which  were  nicely  laced  in  Wellington  boots,  and  had  fashionable 
white  drill  pantiiloons  drawn  down  over  them  tight  and  low — and 
patted  and  petted  it,  as  I  thought,  to  see  whether  I  took  any  espe- 
cial notice  of  it.  I  was  careful  not  to  do  so.  I  had  been  warned. 
But,  except  in  these  trifles,  I  never  saw  any  thing  in  his  manner 
that  was  probably  the  result  of  his  deformity.  In  all  the  upper 
part  of  his  person  he  was  very  handsome,  round,  and  full;  but  bis 
complexion  was  sallow  and  pale.  His  general  air  was  perfrrtly 
easy  and  natural.  The  tones  of  his  voice  were  low  and  concili^itini,' 

"  lie  talked  a  good  deal  about  America,  and  was  curiou-!  i>u  tb.- 
Bubject  of  our  universities  and  literature,  inquiring  particniaily 
whether  we  looketl  upon  Barlow  aa  our  Homer.  Of  his  own  '  Eng- 
lish Bards  and  Scotch  Reviewers,'  which  was  then  suppressed  in 
Enghand,  he  said  that  he  wrote  it  when  he  was  very  young  and 
very  angry, — adding  that  those  were  the  only  rirruiri^'t.un^ea  under 
which  a  man  woubl  writr  snrb  a  saliic.  SiH'  ■■  In-  bid  rnme  back 
to  England,  he  said  that  L-ml  Ib^lland.  \vb.>  h^-d  In  ,u  wry  kind  to 
him,  and  Rogers,  who  liud  Ijecomc  bin  tikrid.  bad  a.iki-d  bim  not 
to  continue  to  reprint  it,  and  so  ho  bad  suppressed  it.  Indeed,  he 
went  on.  he  had  become  of  late  ac(iuaintfd  with  nearly  all  the 
persons  he  had  satirized,  and  had  a  hearty  liking  for  tliem.  espe- 
cially as  they  did  not  refuse  to  know  a  person  who  had  so  much 
abused  them.  He  had  no  longer  any  quarrel  with  any  of  them 
e,\cept  Lord  Carlisle :  and.  as  that  was  a  family  ditlerencc.  he  said 
he  supposed  it  would  never  be  settb-d.    Oti  every  account,  there- 


fore, he  expresHed  himself  as  glad  that  the  hook  was  out  of  print ; 
and  yet  he  showed  no  regret  when  I  told  Inui  that  it  was  freely 
circulated  in  the  United  States.  His  poems  published  dining  his 
minority  he  said  he  had  suppressed  because  they  were  not  worth 
reading;  and  he  wondered  that  our  booksellers  should  reprint  them. 
"  While  he  was  talking  in  this  way.  Sir  James  Bland  Bmges — a 
fourth  or  fifth  rate  poet  who  wrote  'The  Exodiad' with  Cinnber- 
land,  and  a  part  of  whose  Epick  on  Richard  the  Lion-Ilearted 
Lord  Byron,  in  his  ' Hints  fiora  Horace,' says  he  found  at  Malta 
lining  a  trunk — came  suddenly  into  the  room,  and  said,  abruptly, 
'My  lord  1  my  lord!  a  great  battle  has  been  fought  in  the  Low 
Countries,  and  Bonaparte  is  entirely  defeated.*  *  But  is  it  true?' 
said  Lord  Byron;  '  is  it  true?'  'Yes,  my  lord,  it  is  certainly  true. 
An  aid-di  ■ciuiip  arrived  in  town  last  night:  he  has  been  in  Down- 
ing ^tn-ct  this  morning,  and  I  have  just  seen  liim,  as  he  was  going 
to  Lady  ^VeMiLiglon's.  He  says  he  thinks  Bonaparte  is  now  in  full 
retreat  towards  Paris.'  After  an  instant's  pause.  Lord  Byron  re- 
plied, 'I  am  d— d  sorry  for  it.'  And  tlien.  after  another  slight 
pause,  he  added,  'I  didn't  know  but  I  might  live  to  see  Lord 
Castlereagh's  head  on  a  pole;  but  I  suppose  I  sha'n't  now.'  And 
this  was  the  first  impression  produced  on  his  impetuous  and  ill- 
governed  nature  by  the  news  of  the  battle  of  Waterloo.  Two  days 
afterwards  I  met  him  at  Murray's  Rooms,  where  he  received  very 
I  good  buni'iui'dly  the  satirical  congratulations  of  Gifford  and  some 
othi  r  nf  bis  Tory  friends  on  the.  great  victory;  but  he  did  not  dis- 
gnisr  bis  tirliiiL's  iiT- opiuinus  abiint  it,  and  would  not  admit  tliat 
!  the  riii|ii'!i.i"s  I  ;.--r  wj|s  d''spiTa((^  I'vm  then.    I  was  much  surprised 

I  at  all  tins,  t! -Ii  less  than  1  shoubl  have  been  if  I  had  n<.tali.-ady 

heard  similar  feelings  about  the  whole  war  of  the  lInTidiid  l'i\n 

I  with  Bonaparte  expressed  by  leading  Whigs,  such  as  rh.   .  \.  .  11.  ut 

I  Mr.  Roscoe  at  Liverpool,  who  of  course  spoke  moir  wi-..  ly  :iiid 

mildly  on  the  subject,  and  by  Dr.  I'arr,  at  Hatton,  who  was  almost 

as  extravagant  as  Lord  Byron. 

"A  day  or  two  afterwards  he  sent  me  a  copy  of  all  his  works, 
with  letters  of  introduction  for  Greece  and  Turkey, — adding  t<i  the 
one  for  Ali  Pacha  a  curious  pistol,  which  I  subsequently  returned, 
aa  I  went  to  Spain  instead  of  Greece.  Two  of  the  letters  1  still 
possess;  and  I  have  just  observed,  by  a  comparison  with  notes 
that  I  received  from  Lady  Byron  twenty  years  later,  that  one  of 
them,  which  is  in  very  nicely-turned  French,  is  in  her  handwriting. 
"  On  another  occasion  Lord  Byron  talked  to  me  of  a  plan  be  had 
once  entertained  of  establishing  himscdf  in  Greece;  and  twice  he 
expressed  to  me  his  purpose  of  visiting  the  United  States,  saying 
the  first  time  that  he  had  never  ciivird  ;iny  men  more  than  he  did 
Lc\vis  and  Clarke  when  he  reatl  lln'  ac<  nunt  of  their  travels,  and 
that  he  had  ever  since  felt  the  gnati-st,  desire  to  see  our  Indians. 
The  'English  Bards,'  to  which  he  recurred  again,  he  told  mo  he 
wrote  at  his  place  in  the  country  the  winter  before  he  went  to 
Greece,  at  a  time  when  there  was  a  heavy  fall  of  snow  on  the 
ground;  and  he  kept  house  for  a  month,  during  which  time  he 
never  saw  the  light  of  day, — rising  in  the  evening  after  dark,  and 
going  to  bed  in  the  morning  before  dawn.  'The  Corsair'  he  said 
he  wrote  in  eleven  days  and  copied  for  the  press  on  the  twelfth. — 
adding  that  whenever  he  undertook  any  thing  he  found  it  neces- 
sary to  give  himself  wholly  to  it.  For  this  reason  he  supposed  he 
could  never  complete  Chiide  Harold,  which  he  began  at  Yanina 
and  broke  off  at  Smyrna.  It  was  so  long  since  he  had  laid  it  aside 
that  he  should  not,  he  believed,  ever  be  able  to  resume  it. 

"An  American  copy  of  his  works,  in  two  small  and  very  shabby 
volumes,  printed.  I  think,  at  Philadelphi;*,  gave  him  evident  plea- 
sure. He  was  glad,  he  said,  to  see  it  in  so  cheap  a  form  that  pvery- 
body  could  buy  it.  It  was  in  boards ;  and  he  said  he  should  keep 
it  so.  preferring  to  have  it  just  aa  it  tame  from  America.  In  this 
and  in  other  ways  he  showed  that  he  valued  his  American  reputa- 
tion, of  which  he  was  then  just  beginning  to  be  aware. 

'•Above  two  years  after  ibis,  in  October.  1817.  as  I  was  passing 
from  Veiuce  to  Ferrara.  I  stoppiil  at  Miraon  the  Brenta, — the  Mira 
of  Dante's  Purgatorio, — wliere  Lonl  Byron  was  then  living.    It  was 
j  eleven  o'clock  in  the  forcnoou;  but  he  was  not  up.     Fletcher,  his 
i  body-servant,  however,  remembered  nie,  and,  after  taking  my  card 
,  to  him,  showed  me  into  a  room  nicely  furnished  in  the  English 
,  fashion,  where  I  found  Mr.  Hobhouse  (now  Lord  Broughton)  hard 
j  at  work  with  learneddooking  books,  and  liad  some  very  agreeable 
:  talk  with  him  till   Lord  Byron  came  down.    Contrary  to  my  ex- 
pectation, he  showed  no  marks  of  the  wild  and  reckless  life  In*  had 
led  since  I  saw  him  in  London.     His  countenance  was  just  as  fiur, 
smooth,  and  round  as  ever.     His  conversation,  however,  I  thought 
a  little  different.     Its  tone  seamed  to  me  to  be  more  lively,  various, 
and  decided.     As  I  had  beiMi  a  p.od  tl-M  in  Germany,  be  aslcrl  me 
if  I  had  seen  Goethe;  and.  fiudiiit;  that  I  bad.  lie  put  to  mo  many 
questions  about  him.     He  told  me  that  Mr.  M.  G.  Lewis  had  nmde 
him  an  extemporaneous  translation  of  Faust,  reading  it  to  him  from 
German  intoPhiglish, — which  accounted  to  me  for  a  certain  resem- 
blance in  parts  of  Manfr-^d  to  that  remarkable  poem,  which  had 
not  then  bem  translated  into  Kii;;lish  and  which  I  was  aware  he 
could  not  n-ad  in  the  original,     lb' was  curious,  too,  to  know  about 
Goethe's  personal  enemies,  whosi-  Tiumbi-r  ln'  liad  understood  to  be 
consideraijle ;  and  when  I  gav(^  Idni  au  anouut  of  a  very  severe 
article  on  Goethe  in  the  Editdiurt;h  Bcvi.-u*.  which,  to  his  great 
annoyance,  had  been  translated  and  i>ubli.sbed  under  his  nose  at 
.lena  by  Oken.  Lord  Byron  showed  at  first  an  amusing  eagernesg 
to  bear  all  about  it,  but  then,  seeming  to  check  himself,  sairl,  as  if 
i  half  in  earnest  though  still  laughing.  *  And  yet  I  don't  know  what 
sympathy  I  can  have  with  Gorthf  exri|it   that  of  an    injured 
author.'     And  this,  I  think,  was  the  i-\;iit  truth  ;  for  he  left  on  my 
mind  that  morning  no  doubt  that  he  felt  himself  to  be  under- 
valued as  a  poet  in  England. 

"Both  he  and  Mr.  liobhouee  spoke  with  great  satisfat^tion  of 
their  residence  in  Italy, — Lord  Byron,  to  my  surprise,  placing  its 
;  attractions  nnnb  biL'b''r  than  those  of  Greece.  It  will  be  remem- 
'  bered  that  br  bad  lli.  ri  written,  but  bad  not  printed,  the  fourth 
j  canto  of  Cbildr  llar.'M;  and  Mr.  Hoblnmse.  I  have  always  sup- 
I  posed,  was,  when  I  entered  the  parlour  at  Mira,  at  work  on  the 
!  notes  to  it,  which  he  published  soon  at'terwards." 
[  Mr.  Everett  writes  u.^.  (August  y,,  1858.) 
I       "Having  at  a  very  early  ago  begun  to  feel  a  great  inteie&t  io 

3:'3 


BYR 


BYW 


mndem  Greece,  that  feeling  was  raised  to  enthusiasm  by  the  two 
first  cantos  of  Chiltle  Harold,  which  appwired  the  year  after  I  left 
college.  Determined  to  visit  Greece  myself,  I  felt  on  that  account 
especially  desirous,  on  my  arrival  in  London  in  the  spring  of  1S15, 
of  making  the  acquaintance  of  Lord  Byron.  I  was  offered  an  in- 
troduction to  him  by  more  than  one  friend, — particularly  by  Richard 
gharpe,  Esq..  better  known  in  society  as  'Conversation  Sharpe.' 
Delays,  however,  took  place,  and  my  youthful  impatience  led  me 
somewhat  to  overstep  the  bounds  of  strict  propriety.  I  addressed 
a  note  to  Lord  Byron,  eendin;^  with  it  a  copy  of  a  poetical  trifle 
privately  printed  by  me  some  time  before,  in'which  he  was  men- 
tioned, and  asking  the  honor  of  hia  acquaintance.  I  received  a 
most  obliging  answer  from  him  the  next  day,  accompanied  \vith  a 
set  of  his  poems  in  four  volumes,  (rendered  doubly  valuable  by 
marginal  corrections  in  hia  handwriting,)  and  appointing  an  hour 
when  he  would  see  me.  His  reception  of  me  was  most  cordial. 
Intercourse  between  the  two  countries  was  just  ri-(i|ii-iii-d  nUi-r  the 
war  of  1812-1814,  and  I  was  the  first  person  from  tli.'  Uiiit.-ii  States 
whose  acquaintance  he  had  made.  He  expressed  lii^'h  waii^faction 
at  the  account  I  t^ave  him  of  his  transailantic  fame.  Our  con- 
versation was  priiRip;iIIy  un  th..-  .statr  nf  .■,liir;iti<.n  and  literature 
in  this  country,  luni  on  Groi'ic,  t"  wiiu  It  hr  Mud  fie  was  so  much 
attached  that  but  lor  Janiily  coUfideratious  lie  sliould  be  disposed 
to  pass  his  life  there.  He  offered  me,  without  solicitation  on  my 
part,  letters  to  his  friends  there,  and,  among  them,  to  Ali  Pacha  of 
Albania. 

"The  state  of  public  affairs  wa-s  then  very  critical.  Napoleon, 
recently  escaped  from  Elba,  w.as  advancing  rapidly  to  meet  the 
Prussian  and  English  armies  in  Belgium.  The  probable  result  of 
t\\--  impending  conflict  Wiis  discussed  with  warmth  by  liord  Byron. 
■  N,ip<ik-on,'  said  he,  'will  at  first,  no  doubt,  drive  the" Duke  of  Wel- 
liiiiitMU.  That  I  shall  be  sorry  for:  I  don't  want  to  have  my 
countrymen  beaten.  But  I  will  tell  you  what  I  do  want.  I  want 
to  see  Lord  Castlereagh"s  head  carried  on  a  pike  beneath  that 
window.'  This  feeling,  violent  as  it  is,  seems  to  have  been  pretty 
deliberately  cherished  by  Lord  Byron.  It  is  expressed  in  his  con- 
versation with  Mr.  Ticknor  a  few  days  later,  after  the  battle  of 
Waterloo  had  been  fought;  and  in  a  letter  to  Moore  written  a  day 
or  two  before  I  saw  Lord  B.  he  says,  'Of  politics  we  have  nothing 
but  the  yell  for  war;  and  Castlereagh  is  preparing  his  head  for 
the  pike,  on  which  we  shall  see  it  carried  before  he  has  done.' 

'■  Lord  Byron — at  this  time  in  the  enjoyment  of  his  rfputiitiim  as 
the  chief  of  the  modern  British  Parnassus — liad  laid  a^idi-  eiuin^ly 
the  misanthropic  tone  and  eccentric  manners  with  v/bicli  he  re- 
turned from  the  East.  He  was  a  great  favorite  in  society,  and 
happy,  to  all  appearance,  at  home.  He  had  also  formed  friendly 
relations  with  mauy  of  those  whom  he  had  attacked  most  fiercely 
in  '  English  Bards  and  Scotch  Reviewers.'  Mr.  Rogers  gave  me  an 
amusing  account  of  the  commencement  of  his  acquaintance  with 
Lord  Byron  on  his  return  from  the  East.  It  took  place  in  con- 
nection with  the  reconciliation  of  Byron  and  Moore,  of  which  the 
successive  steps  are  minutely  related  in  Moore's  Life  of  Byron.  Mr. 
Rogers,  having  been  informed  by  Moore  that  Byron  and  be  had 
agreed  on  a  meeting  as  friends,  proposed  that  it  should  be  at  liis 
(Mr.  Rogers's)  house,  and  desired  Moore  to  invite  Byron  to  meet  him 
at  dinner  there.  This  invitation  was  accepted  in  the  most  gracious 
manner  by  Byron.  It  was  intended  at  first  that  the  party  should 
be  confined  to  the  trio;  but  Campbell  happened  t..call  on  Mr. 
Rogers  in  the  course  of  the  morning,  and  wan  iuvitril  to  join  them. 
This  was  in  the  first  week  of  November,  Ifill ;  and  at  that  time 
Byron  was  not  personally  known  to  Rogers,  Moore,  or  Campbell  I 
Mr.  Rogers  introduced  himself  to  Lord  Bvron.  and  presented  the 
other  two  as  they  arrived.  Mr.  Rogers— whose  dinners  were  always 
perfect — had  taken  pains  to  have  a  particularly  nice  one  that  day. 
He  soon  found,  however,  somewhat  to  his  consternation,  that  there 
was  nothing  on  the  table  which  Lord  Byron  could  eat  or  drink. 
He  was  at  that  time  in  one  of  the  frequent  fits  of  abstinence  which 
he  practised  to  check  a  tendency  to  gi-ow  stout.  After  refusing 
every  thing  on  the  table,  lie  asked'  for  hard  biscuit  and  soda-water^ 
neither  of  which  happened  to  be  in  the  house.  The  soila-water 
was  sent  for  and  procured,  but  the  biscuit  was  not  to  be  had  in 
the  neighborhood.  Lord  Byron  then  called  for  the  potatoes,  filled 
his  plate  with  them,  and,  pouring  the  contents  of  the  vinegar-cruet 
over  them,  made  a  hearty  meal.  His  manner  and  conversation  on 
this  occasion  did  not  appear  to  have  pleased  Mr.  Rogers  so  much  as 
they  did  Mr.  Moore.  Whenever  I  saw  Lord  Byrnn.  his  deportment 
and  conversation  were  those  of  a  well-hred.  intelligent  man  of  the 
world,  wholly  free  from  affectation  and  eccentricity. 

"It  has  been  a  question  whether  Lord  Byron  was  lame  in  one 
foot  or  both.  My  own  impression,  when  I  saw  him.  was  that  the 
deformity  extended  equally  to  both  feet:  and  such  I  understand 
Mr.  Trelawney,  speaking  from  actual  inspection  after  death,  de- 
clares to  have  been  the  case.  It  was  concealed  from  the  eye  by 
very  long  and  loose  trousers,  but  caused  him  to  walk  with  a  slight 
jerk  at  the  hip.  Mr.  Rogers  and  Lord  Byron  were  leaving  a  party 
together,  shortly  after  his  return  from  tlie  Continent.  A  linknian 
accosted  Lord  B.  by  name.  Mr.  Rogers  heedlessly  said.  '  You  see 
everybody  knows  you  already.'  Lord  Bvron  rejoined,  with  a  bitter 
expression,  •  Yes ;  I  am  deformed.'  This  feeling  seems  to  have  been 
habitually  present  to  his  mind,  if  we  can  trust  bis  biographers; 
but  on  no  occasion  when  I  saw  him  did  hia  countenance  wear  the 
expression  of  gloom  or  care. 

'■Three  years  and  a  half  after  I  saw  him  in  London,  I  had  an 
opportunity  of  renewing  my  acquaintance  with  Lord  Byron  at 
Venice,  where  I  saw  him  a  few  times  in  the  autumn  of  1818.  Not- 
withstanding the  events  which  had  occurred  since  I  saw  him  in 
London,  there  was  no  change  in  his  general  appearance  and  man- 
ner. Our  conversation  was  again  verv  much  on  Greece,  which  I 
was  to  visit  the  next  spring  and  for  which  he  furnished  me  addi- 
tional letters.  He  now  .spoke  with  some  confidence  of  taking  up 
his  abode  there,  though  the  revolution  which  caused  him  to  do  so 
had  not  yet  broken  out.  He  dwelt  at  some  length  on  the  state  of 
society  in  Italy,  particularly  in  Venice,  and  especially  on  the  circle 
at  the  Countess  Albrizzi's.  which  Lord  B.  attended  "every  evenin'^'- 
for  two  years,  to  which  I  had  the  good  fortune  to  he  introduced  by 
Ugo  Eoacolo.  Ue  spoke  also  with  a  good  deal  of  interest  of  the 
324 


Armenian  studies  which  he  carried  on  for  a  short  time  under 
Father  Pascal  .\uger,  of  the  Armenian  Convent  at  Venice.  Thia 
iearned  and  amiable  eeclesi;istic,  whom  I  had  the  pleasure  of  know- 
ing, told  me  that  for  tlie  short  time  that  Lord  Byron  studied  with 
him  he  made  rapid  progress.  He  translated  into  English  Father 
Ancher'a  Armeno-Italian  grammar,  and  also  the  unauthentic 
Epistles  of  Paul  to  the  Corinthians,  which  had  never  appeared  in 
an  English  version.  They  are  found,  as  translated  by  Lord  Byron, 
in  the  Appendix  to  Moore's  Life. 

"  It  is  scarcely  necessary  to  add  that  Lord  Byron's  letters  to  his 
friends  in  Corfu,  Albania,  and  Greece  Proper  were  of  the  greatest 
service  to  me,  especially  at  the  court  of  Ali  Pacha.  'Dark  Muctar, 
his  son.'  so  well  known  to  the  readers  of  Childe  Harold,  was  the 
first  person  of  eminence  whom  I  saw  at  Yanina,  of  which  he  was 
then  the  governor." 

Byron,  Hon,  John,  1723-1786.  a  distinguished  Bri- 
ti^sh  athniral  and  circumnavigator,  was  the  grandfather 
of  Lor<l  Byron,  the  celebrated  poet,  and  son  of  William, 
fourth  Lord  Byron,  and  Frances,  daughter  of  William,  Lord 
Berkeley,  of  Stratton.  His  Life  will  be  found  in  Char- 
nock's  Biograpbia  Kavjilis,  Lon.,  1794-96,  6  vols.  Svo,  and 
other  collections.  Voyage  round  the  World  in  the  years 
1764,  '65.  '66,  in  the  Dolphin,  by  an  officer  on  board  the 
same  ship,  Lon.,  1767.  Svo;  also  in  Callander's  Terra  Aus- 
tralis  Incognita,  iii.  673,  1766-68;  and  in  Ilawkesworth's 
Voyfiges,  i.  1,  1773.  Narrative  of  the  great  distress  suf- 
fered by  himself  and  his  companions,  on  the  coast  of  Pa- 
tagonia, 1740—1:6,  Lon.,  1768,  Svo. 

Lord  Byron,  the  poet,  relating  an  instance  of  the  troubles 
often  encountered  by  those  who  brave  the  "perils  of  the 
deep,"  thus  reverentially  refers  to  the  hardships  endured 
by  his  respected  ancestor: 

" His  sufferings  were  comparative, 

To  those  related  in  my  grand-dad's  narrative." 

Bysshe,  Edward,  1615-1679,  a  native  of  Burstow, 
Surrey,  was  educated  at  Trinity  College,  Oxford,  after 
which  he  removed  to  Lincoln's  Inn.  where  he  applied  him- 
self to  the  study  of  the  Common  Law. 

1.  Notre  in  quatuor  Libros  Nicholai  Upton,  de  studio 
Militari.  2.  Notie  in  Johaunis  de  Bado  Aureo  LibcUum 
de  Armis.     3.  Notw  in  Henrici  Spelmanni  Aspidologiam. 

He  also  pub.  some  trans.;  Palladius  de  Gentibus,  Ac, 
and  S.  Ambrosius  de  Moribus,  «tc.  For  further  informa- 
tion concerning  these  pieces,  Wood  refers  to  his  account 
of  John  Gregory,  1665,  4to.     Wood  tells  us  that  he  was 

"  An  encou)"iger  of  learniTig  and  learned  men,  particularly  that 
noted  critic,  John  Gieirory  of  Ch.  h." 

We  must  quote  the  following  for  the  benefit  of  our  BiB- 
LioMANiACAL  friends. 

"  He  had  a  very  choice  library  of  books,  all  richly  bound  with 
gilt  dorses." — Allien.  Oxtm. 

Bysshe,  EdAvard,  The  Art  of  English  Poetry,  Lon., 
1702,  Svo.  British  Parnassus,  or  Commonplace  Book  of 
English  Poetry.  1714.  2  vols.  Svo, 

Bythewood,  W,3I.,  and  Jarman,  T.  Selection  of 
Precedents,  forming  a  iSystem  of  Conveyancing,  with  Dis- 
sertations and  Practical  Notes,  Lou.,  1824,  Svo,  vols.  1,  2, 
and  3  ;  3d  edit.,  enlarged  by  George  Sweet,  Lon.,  1839—49, 
9  vols.  Svo,  not  yet  completed. 

"These  volumes  are  composed  of  precedents  drawn  by  eminent 
conveyancers,  and  are  those  in  general  use  at  the  present  time. 
The  precedents  are  arranged  under  appropriate  alphabetieal  titles, 
accompanying  which  are  exceedingly  v.iluable  and  carefully  pre- 
pared dissertations  and  notes." — MarvbCs  Legal  Bibl. 

Bythuer,  Victorinus,  a  native  of  Poland,  resided 
for  many  years,  and  died,  in  England.  He  read  a  Hebrew 
lecture  for  a  long  period  to  the  Hall  of  Christ  Church,  and 
instructed  in  and  pub.  some  books  to  facilitate  the  acqui- 
sition of  that  language.  He  resided  for  some  time  at 
Cambridge.  About  1664  he  settled  at  Cornwall,  where  he 
practised  physic.  Lethargy  of  the  Soul,  <tc.,  1636,  4to. 
Tabula  Directoria,  kc,  Oxf.,  1637.  Lingua  Eruditorum, 
1638,  Svo;  reprinted  under  a  new  title,  Lon.,  1639,  Svo. 
Cantab.,  1645,  '75,  Svo  ;  usually  called  his  Hebrew  Gram- 
mar. Clavis  Linguae  Sanctie,  Camb.,  1648,  Svo.  liyra 
Prophetica  Davidis  Regis  :  sive  Analysis  Critico-practica 
Psalmornm,  Lou.,  1645,  '54,  '64,  '79,  4to.  Glasguje,  et 
Londini,  1823,  Svo;  to  this  is  added  an  Introduction  to 
the  Chaldee.  Trans,  by  the  Rev.  Thomas  Dee,  Dublin, 
and  London,  1836,  Svo ;  new  edit.,  1847,  Svo. 

*'  Bythner's  Lyra  Davidis  has  long  been  known  as  perhaps  the 
most  valuable  help  to  the  critical  and  grammatical  study  of  the 
book  of  Psalms.  The  reprint,  at  the  University  press  at  Glasgow, 
is  very  beautiful." — Home's  Introduction. 

"Bythni-r  was  blessed  with  a  most  admirable  geny  for  the  ob- 
taining of  the  tongues." — Alhen.  Ox<m, 

Bywater,  John.  An  Essay  on  the  History,  Practice, 
and  Theory  of  Electricity.  Lon..  1810.  Svo. 

"  He  writes  in  a  clear  and  conspicuous  manner,  and  always 
treats  his  opponents  with  liberality  and  candour." — Lon.  Month, 
liev.,  1811. 

An  Essay  on  Light  and  Vision,  Lon.,  1814,  Svo. 


CAB 


CAI 


c. 


Cabanel,  Daniel,  of  Lincoln's  Inn.  The  Tocsin 
Sounded.  Lon.,  ISIl.  Epistle  to  Hon.  S.  Percival.  1S12. 
Trilnite  to  the  Memory  of  ditto,  1S12,  Svo.  Poems  and 
Imitations,  1S15,  8vo. 

"  Mr.  C.  appears  to  have  been  long  a  vot.iry  of  the  Muses,  some 
rf  the  pieces  in  this  collection  beinp:  dated  nearly  30  years  a^o.  .  .  . 
Tlie  ciininion  effect  of  the  lapse  of  time  on  the  poet  is  to  slacken 
his  spirit,  and  to  increase  his  correctness;  but  this  does  not  appear 
to  have  been  the  case  in  the  present  instance;  the  earlier  poems 
bein^  more  correct  and  in  bett^^r  taste  than  the  later  and  larger 
producliims."— /.0/7.  Atnut/ili/  Review.  1S15. 

Cable,  Daniel.  Trans,  from  Sucbten ;  concerning 
the  secrets  of  Antimony.  Lon.,  1670,  Svo. 

Cabot,  Sebastian,  h.  abuut  1477,  d.  about  1557.  an 
eminent  navigatur,  of  a  Venetian  family,  was  a  native  of 
Bristol.  Voyap:es  to  the  North-East  Frosty  Seas,  and  to 
tlie  Kingdoms  lying  tbatWiiy.  See  Martyr's  P.  Decades, 
p.  254,  1577:  Navigatione  nelle  parti  Settentrionali,  Ve- 
nice, foL,  1583.  A  Map.  Cabot  first  noticed  the  variation 
of  the  compass.     See  Life  by  R.  liiddle,  (7.  v.) 

Cabrera,  Dr.  Tanl  F. "  Trans.  ..f  Del  Rio's  Report  of 
the  Ruins  near  Palenque;  with  additions,  Lon..  1822,  4to. 

Catldell,  Henry.     Serms.,  Chelsea,  1843,  8vo. 

CaddicU,  Kiehard.  Hebrew  made  Easy,  1799.  Svo. 
Serm.,  18(J2,  Svo.  Ejiist.  to  Romans,  in  Hcljrew,  corrected 
from  the  version  of  Hutter.  Nuremb.,  1600;  by  Dr.  Ro- 
binson at  Lun.,  1601 J  repub.  with  many  improvements, 
1804,  12mn. 

Caddv,  William,  and  N.  Ward,  Petition  of.  Lon., 
1654. 

Cade,  Anthony.     Scrms..  16IS,  "21.  '?.0,  '61,  4to. 

Cade,  Capt.  John,  and  John  Mills.  Their  last 
Speeches  and  Confessions,  Lon.,  1615,  4to. 

Cade,  John.  Con.  to  Archa-ologia,  17S5,  'S9,  '92; 
on  Roman  Rnads  and  Stations  in  Britain. 

Cade,  William.     Popery  Shaken,  Lon.,  1678,  4to. 

Cadell,  W.  A,  Journey  in  Carniola,  Italy,  and 
France,  1S17-1S,  Edin.,  1820.  8v.i.  Mathematical  Con. 
to  Ann.  Philos..  18]  4  ;  to  Trans.  Edin.  P-.c,  1S17. 

Cademan,  Thomas,  M.D.  1.  Bedford's  Passage  to 
the  Parliament.     2.  The  Distiller,  Lon.,  1641-52. 

Cadge.  Morton's  Surgical  Anatomy  of  the  Principal 
Regions  of  the  Human  Body ;  completed  by  Mr.  Cadge, 
Lon.,  r.  Svo;  also  sold  in  parts. 

"The  work  thus  completed  constitutes  a  useful  iruide  to  the 
student,  and  remembrancer  to  the  practitioner.  .  .  We  think  that 
Mr.  Cad-re's  contributions  in  no  degree  fall  short  of  the  original 
work.'" — Lfin.  Mntini}  Ga:etle. 

See  Morton.  Thomas. 

Cadogan,  Geori^e.  The  Spanish  Hireling  Detected, 
Lon,  174o.  This  refers  to  Gcnl.  Oglethorpe's  expedition 
against  St.  Augustine. 

Cadogan,  William,  M.D.,  d.  1797,  aged  86.  a  na- 
tive of  London,  was  educated  at  Oriel  College.  Oxford. 
E.ssay  on  Cliildren,  Lon.,  1748,  Svo;  many  edits.  On  the 
<T(Kit.  &c..  1764,  8vo;  many  edits.  HarverJan  Orations, 
1764  and  179;i,  both  pub. 

Cadogau,  William  Bromley,  1751-1797,  2d  son 
of  the  Earl  of  Cadogan,  was  educated  at  Westminster 
School,  and  Christ  Church  College,  Oxford  ;  Vicar  of  St. 
Giles.  Reading,  1774;  and  subsequently  Rector  of  Chelsea. 
Sermons,  1780,  '95,  '96.  Discourses,  Letters,  and  Me- 
moirs, by  Richard  Cecil,  Lon.,  1798,  Svo. 

'■These  discourses  abound  with  proof  of  the  author's  valuable 
charai-ter.  and  of  his  intimate  acquaintance  with  the  scriptural 
lan;rua2;e."' — Lown'bes. 

Psalms  and  Hymns  collected,  1787,  12mo. 

Cadwallader,  General  John,  d.  17S6,  aged  43.  a 
soldier  of  the  American  Revolution,  participated  in  the 
battles  of  Princeton,  Erandywine,  Germantown,  and  Mon- 
mouth. He  pub.  A  Reply  to  General  J.  Reed's  Remarks, 
&r.,  1783.     See  Marshall,  Allen,  &c 

Cadwallader,  Thomas,  M.D.,  d.  1779.  aged  72,  was 
one  of  the  physicians  of  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital  from 
1752  until  his  decease.  His  dissections  for  Dr.  Shippen 
were  among  the  earliest  made  in  this  country.  Ho  was 
noted  for  his  great  courtesy  of  manner,  which  was  once 
the  means  of  saving  his  life.     The  story  is  as  follows  : 

'•  A  provincial  officer,  weary  with  his  life,  had  determined  to 
shoot  the  first  person  whom  he  should  meet,  in  order  that  justice 
pbnuld  brinix  him  to  the  trallows.  An  easier  method  of  reaching; 
hi-:  end  would  have  been  to  shoot  himself.  However,  with  hi*;  re- 
solution and  his  gun  he  sallied  forth.  He  first  met  a  pretty  pirl ; 
hut  her  beauty  vanquished  his  intent.  lie  next  met  Dr.  Cadwal- 
lader. whose  courteous  -Good  nicirning,  sir.  what  sport?'  also  con- 
quered him.    lie  then  went  to  a  tavern,  and  shot  a  Mr.  Scull,  for 


which  he  was  hanged."  See  Ramsay's  Rev.;  Thacher'sMed.Biog.; 
Allen's  Diet. 

He  pub.  a  Dissertation  on  the  Iliac  Passion,  entitled, 
An  Essay  on  the  West  India  Dry  Gripes,  1745,  in  wliich 
he  recommended  the  use  of  opiates  and  mild  cathartics, 
instead  of  quicksilver,  then  employed.  This  was  one  of  the 
earliest  American  medical  treatises.  Boylston,  llarwuod, 
and    Thacher  had  previously  pub.  medical  treatises. 

Ca'dmon,  d.  about  680,  the  father  of  English  vSong, 
is  first  mentioned  by  Bede,  who  gives  us  to  understand 
that  he  occupied,  at  least  oecasioimlly,  the  humble  post  uf 
a  cow-herd.  He  was  so  ignorant  as  to  be  unable  to  bear 
his  part  in  the  alternate  vocal  music  with  which  our  Saxon 
forefathers  recreated  themselves  at  their  feasts.  Ca^dmon, 
it  is  related,  was  supernatnrally  inspired  with  the  gilt  uf 
song  whilst  asleep  in  his  stable;  and  the  Abbess  lliMa 
considered  herself  honoured  by  his  consenting  to  become 
a  monk  in  her  house.  Bede  informs  us  that  he  celeln-atcd 
in  magnificent  strains  much  of  the  Old  and  New  Testa- 
ment's history,  the  ''terrors  of  the  day  of  judgment,  the 
pains  of  hell,  and  the  sweetness  of  the  heavenly  king- 
dom." Junius  pub.  in  1005  a  MS.  supposed  to  contain 
some  of  the  poetry  of  this  distinguished  bard.  A  new 
edit.,  edited  by  the  eminent  Saxon  scholar,  Rev.  Benjamin 
Thorpe,  was  pub.  by  the  Society  of  Antiquaries  of  London, 
in  1832,  consisting  of  a  text  formed  carefully  from  the 
original  MS.,  and  accompanied  by  a  literal  Engli.^Ii  version  ; 
and  illustrated  by  a  volume  of  plates  taken  from  tlic  illu- 
minations of  the  MS.  This  work  is  commended  to  the 
careful  attention  of  the  reader. 

*•  An  excellent  and  satisfactory  edition,  with  a  most  valuable  In- 
dex.''— Kemble. 

The  striking  resemblance  between  Cjedmon's  account 
of  the  Fall  of  Man,  &c.,  and  portions  of  Milton's  Paradise 
Lost,  has  been  frequently  noticed. 

"  The  pride,  rebellion,  and  punishment  of  Satan  and  his  piinces, 
have  a  resemblance  to  Milton  so  jriuat-kable,  that  most  of  his  poi"- 
tion  might  he  almost  literally  translated  by  a  cento  of  lines  fiom 
the  great  poet.'' — W.  D.  O/niiheart-^s  Illustrations  of  Auylo-Si-ixon 
Poet)-'/:  and  see  Thorpe's  Ca;dmou  as  above,  and  Wri-^ht's  Uiog. 
Brit.  Lit. 

CfTsar,  J.  James,  D.D.,  Minister  of  the  Prussian 
Church,  London.  Sermons  pub.  separately,  1702, '04,  '05, 
'13,  '14.  'If).  '17,  4to. 

C^sar,  John,  Vicar  of  Croydon.     Serms.,  1708,  4to. 

CiTsar,  Sir  Jiilins,  1657-lt>'''6,  an  eminent  civilian, 
was  the  friend  uf  Lord  Bacon,  and  a  favourite  of  James  I. 
and  Charles  I.  Antient  State,  Authority,  and  Proceed- 
ings of  the  Court  of  Requests,  L"t96,  '97,  4to.  Many  of 
the  valuable  MSS.  collected  by  him  are  in  the  British 
Museum.     Fuller  gives  this  high  eharacter  of  him  : 

"■  A  person  of  prodijrious  bounty  to  all  of  worth  or  want,  so  that 
he  mi;;ht  seem  to  be  alnioner-^eneral  of  the  nation.  The  story  is 
well  known  of  a  j^'-ntl.'niiin.  who  once  borrowing  his  coach,  (which 
was  as  well  known  In  |nioi-  jirnple  as  any  hospital  in  Knjiland.)  was 
so  rendezvoused  about  Mith  beiri-'arH  in  London,  that  it  cost  him 
all  the  money  in  his  purse  to  satisfy  llnir  importunity,. so  that  he 
mi^'ht  have  hired  twenty  coacbis  loi  tbf  s;inie  terms.  Sir  Francis 
Racon.  Lord  Vcrulam,  was  judiiious  in  bis  election,  when,  perceiv- 
inp:  his  dissolution  to  approach,  he  made  his  last  hed  in  effect  in 
the  house  of  Sir  .Tulius." — Worthies  nf  Middlesex. 

Caesar,  Philip.  Discourse  of  the  damnable  Sect  of 
Usurer.s,  &c. ;  trans,  by  T.  Rogci's,  Lon.,  1578,  4to,  A 
Godly  Treatise  announcing  the  Lawfulness  of  Riches,  Lon., 
1578.  4to. 

Cafftin,  Matthew.     Deceiving  Teachers,  &q.,  1656. 

Cage,  Thornton.   Case  between  him  and  his  wife,  fol. 

Cagua,  John,  Surgeon.  Profess.  Con.  to  Phil.  Traua., 
1740. 

Caines,  Clement.  Cultivation,  &c.  of  the  Otaheite 
Cane,  &c.,  Lon..  1801,  Svo. 

Caines,  George,  d.  1825,  aged  54,  Reporter  of  the 
Supreme  Court  of  New  York.  Lex  Mercatoria  Americana, 
New  York,  1802.  Svo. 

"The  author  designed  to  add  other  volumes,  but  from  the  in- 
different reception  by  the  profession  of  tlin  first,  his  intenti'in  was 
never  carried  into  effect.  It  is  a  crud^:' lompilation.  little  known, 
and  less  freciuently  referred  to." — Mari'in's  Leijid  Bibl. 

Summary  of  the  Practice  in  the  Supreme  Court  of  the 
State  of  New  York,  New  York,  1808,  Svo. 

'■  This  work  was  rather  a  practical  manual  than  a  treatise  bene- 
ficial to  experienced  practitioners,  or  useful  as  a  book  of  reference." 
— Grahavi^s  Practice, 

Practical  Forms  of  Supreme  Ct.  of  N.  York,  1808,  Svo. 
Cases  in  the  Court  for  the  Trial  of  Impeachments  and 
Correction  of  Errors,  State  of  N.  York,  1805-07,  2  vols. 

325 


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CAL 


Svo.     Reports  of  Cases  in  the  Supreme  Court  of  State  of 
N.  York,  1803-05,  3  vols.  Svo,  1813,  '14 ;  2d  edit,,  1852. 

"Geoi-j;e  Caines,  Esq..  w.astbe  first  Kepnrter  of  the  Decisions  of 
the  Supreme  Court  of  the  State  of  New  York.  rr^'ul:u-ly  .ippointed 
as  such.  The  names  of  the  Hon.  Judges  wlm  pr.si,l,.il  in  this  Court 
durin-^  the  period  above  stated,  were — .Mor^riin  Lrw  is,  James  Kent, 
(aft.rwaids  Chancellor  of  the  State.)  Jac.h  KadcliiT,  Brockholdst 
Livin-stt.u.  Smith  Thompson,  (the  two  last-named  ^'entlemen  were 
Bul/sc'iuenllyappoiuted  Judges  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United 
Stat..-s  I  .-Vuibrose  Spencer,  and  David  D.  Tompkins — a  more  able 
and  independent  Judiciary  never  e,\isted  at  any  one  period,  in  any 
Court  of  the  United  States." 

Caird,  James,  of  Baldoon.  English  Agriculture, 
1850,  ■51,  Lon.,  Svo;  5d  edit.,  1852. 

•■  It  contains  many  sensible  remarks,  and  very  shrewd  observa- 
tions; showing  a  most  enlij^htened  mind  and  sound  understand- 
ing."— D<mald.ion's  AffricuU.  Biog. 

The  Plantation  Scheme,  Svo,  1850. 

High  Farming  under  liberal  Covenants  the  best  substi- 
tute for  Protection,  Svo  ;  and  High  Farming  Vindicated.Svo. 
"  It  must  therefore  be  the  interest  of  all  personsronnected  with 
land  to  encourage  the  extension  of  the  more  skilful  and  improved 
agriculture  described  by  Mr.  Caird.  and  by  every  means  to  dilTnse 
the  knowledge  on  which  the  profitable  practice  of  the  system  de- 
pends."—Bitn.  Bev.,  Oct.  1849. 

Caird,  John,  minister  of  the  Park  Church,  Glasgow. 
1.  Religion  in CommonLife;  aSerm.,Edin.,1856.  2.  Serms. 
1858,  p.  Svo. 

Cairncross.Andr.,  Surgeon.  Con.toMed.Com.,1781. 
Cairns,  Elizabetli..\uti. 111. igraphy.Glasg.,  1762,  Svo. 
Cairns,  John.  College  and  I'a^t.iVal  Life,  fp.  Svo. 
"  Written  with  an  eye  to  the  w;iiits,  dilliculties,  and  dangers  of 
students  in  the  midst  of  their  college-life;  and  in  this  point  of 
view  curious  and  valuable." — Kitto's  Journal  of  Sacred  Lit. 

Cairns,  William,  LL.D.,  Prof  of  Logic  .and  Belles- 
Lettres  in  Belfast  Coll.     Mortil  Freedom,  Lou.,  1844,  Svo. 
"  This  appears  to  be  an  able  and  popular  work  on  metaphysics, 
as  far  as  metaphysics  can  be  popular." — Ltm.  ^prctatnr. 

Cains,  John,  Poet  Laureate  to  Edward  IV.,  trans. 
The  History  of  the  Siege  of  Rhodes. 

Cains,  Kaye,  Keye,  Key,  or  Cay,  John,  1510- 
1573,  an  eminent  English  physichan,  was  a  ntttivc  of  Nor- 
wich, and  in  1539  was  entered  of  Gonvil  Hall,  Cambridge, 
to  which  he  gtive  a  large  sum  to  build  a  new  (now  known 
as  Caius)  College.  (See  Biog.  Brit.)  Hippocratis  de  Me- 
dicamentis,  De  Medendi  Methodo,  Ac,  Basil,  1544,  Svo. 
Treatises  on  the  Sweating  Sickness,  1552,  <ic.  The  best 
description  extant.  He  calls  it  a  "contagious  pestilential 
fever  of  one  day,"  and  describes  it  as  prevailing  "with  a 
mighty  slaughter,  and  the  destruction  of  it  as  tremendous 
as  the  plague  of  Athens."  By  request  of  Gesner,  ho  wrote 
a  treatise  on  British  Dogs :  be  Canibus  Britanuicis,  Li- 
berunus,Ac.,  1570,  (icSvo,)  inserted  entire  in  the  British 
Zoology  of  Pennant,  who  has  followed  his  arrangement. 
Of  other  works  written  by  Cains,  one  of  the  principal  is 
De  Antiquitate  Cantabrigiensis  Academiie,  Libri  duo.  Adi- 
unximus  Apportionem  Antiquitatis  Oxoniensis  Academia; : 
ab  Oxoniensi  quodam,  Lon.,  156S,  12mo.  The  origin  of 
this  work  was  as  follows :  Thomas  Caius  of  Oxford  had 
written  in  1566,  a  treati.se.  Assertio  antiquitatis  Oxoniensis 
Academiae,  in  which  he  affirmed  that  Oxford  was  the  most 
ancieut  University,  being  fonnded  by  some  Greek  philoso- 
phers, the  companions  of  Brutus,  and  restored  by  King 
Alfred  in  870.  It  is  said  that  Archbishop  Parker  sent  a 
copy  of  this  treatise  to  John  Cains  of  Cambridge,  our  au- 
thor, and  requested  him  to  vindicate  his  University.  It 
was  a  labour  of  love  with  the  valiant  Cambridge  man,  who 
wrote  the  above-named  dissertation,  which  he  pub.  with  the 
Oxford  champion's  treatise.  John  Caius  does  not  stop  at 
trifles,  for  so  far  is  he  from  yielding  the  point,  that  he  un- 
dertakes to  prove  that  Cambridge  was  foundeil  by  Cantaber, 
397  years  before  Christ,  and  consequently  was  1267  years 
older  than  Oxford  !  Thomas  Caius,  nothing  daunted,  wrote 
a  critique  upon  his  adversary's  arguments.  We  commend 
this  subject  to  antiquaries  who  now  adorn  the  halls  of  Ox- 
ford and  Cambridge.  John  Caius  pub.  a  list  of  his  works 
in  De  Libris  Propriis,  Liber  nnus,  1570.  He  was  one  of 
the  best  Grecians  of  his  day. 

Caius,  Thomas,  d.  1572,  educated  at,  and  Fellow  of 
All  Souls'  College, Oxford,  afterwards  Prebendary  of  Sarum, 
and  master  of  University  College,  has  been  noticed  under 
the  preceding  article.  Assertio  Antiquitatis  Oxoniensis 
Academiso,  Lon.,  1568,  12mo;  1574,  4to.  Vindicia  Anti- 
quitatis Universitatis  Oxoniensis,  contra  Joannem  Caium 
Cantabrigiensem.  In  lucem  ex  Autographo  emisit,  Tho. 
Hearnius,  Oxon.,  1730,  2  vols.  Svo.  At  the  request  of 
Catherine  Parr,  he  trans.  Erasmus's  paraphrase  on  St. 
Mark,  and  ho  also  m.ade  translations  from  Aristotle's  de 
Mirabilibus  Mundi,  and  tho  Tragedies  of  Euripides. 

"  An  eminent  I.,atinist,  Crwian.  pwt,  and  orator;  excellent  also 
for  all  kinds  of  worth."— ^(Act.  Oxm. 
328 


Calabrella,  Baroness  de.  Double  Oath  ;  a  Novel, 
Lon..  3  vol.>.  p.  Svo.  Land  of  Promise,  sm.  4to,  1844, 
Teri)]iter  and  Tempted,  3  vols.  p.  Svo,  1842.  Prism  of 
Thought,  p.  Svo,  1843.  Prism  of  Imagination,  p.  Svo,  1844. 

".\  more  m.afrnificent  book  for  the  drawing-room  table  it  has 
never  been  our  lot  to  behold." — Lon.  Oiurt  Journal. 

Evenings  at  Haddon  Hall ;  with  engravings  from  de- 
signs by  George  Cattermole,  Esq.,  1845,  '49. 

'■  15y  far  the  most  elegant,  the  most  splendid,  and  the  most  in- 
trinsi.-ally  valuable  production  of  its  class  that  has  ever  appeared. 
Cattermole's  designs  ai'e  perfect  gems  of  art." — Loii.  Kai'.al  and 
Mililnry  Gmdle. 

Calamy,  Benjamin,  D.D.,  d.  1686,  son  of  Edmcni 
Calamy,  («/.  V.)  entered  Catherine  Hall,  Cambridge,  1664, 
'65,  of  which  he  became  a  Fellow,  and  was  also  tutor  there; 
Vicar  of  St.  Lawrence,  Jewry,  with  St.  Magdalen,  Milk 
Street,  annexed  ;  Prebendary  of  St.  Paul's,  16S5.  Sermons 
pub.  separately,  1663,  '73,  'S2,  '83,  '84.  Sermons,  16S7, 
Svo.  Sermons,  5th  edit.,  1712,  Svo.  13  Sermons,  1726, 
Svo.  His  celebrated  Discourse  about  a  Scrupulous  Con- 
science was  preached  in  1683,  and  pub.  in  1684,  fol. 

"  No  piece  of  its  kind  or  size  gained  more  credit  to  its  .author,  or 
was  more  taken  notice  of  by  the  pul'lic." 

Thomas  De  Laune  wrote  against  it  in  such  a  manner  as 
to  cause  his  imprisonment. 

"  As  a  divine.  Benj;imin  Calamy  has  been  mentioned  with  high 
approbation  by  Bishop  Burnet,  Archdeacon  Kchard.  Dean  Sherlock, 
who  preached  his  funeral  sermon,  wherein  he  speaks  of  him  iu  the 
highest  terms,  and  Mr.  Ciranger." 

"  ,\s  a  sermon  writer  he  is  characterized  by  constant  good  sense, 
by  sound  judgment  in  the  selection  of  his  subjects,  simplicity  in 
his  plans,  and  ease,  clearness,  and  purity  of  style.  "^£r//ts/i  Pulpit 
Elf.qufnce. 

Calamy,  Edmund,  1600-1066,  a  native  of  London, 
was  admitted  of  Pembroke  Hall,  Cambridge,  1616;  made 
Vicar  of  St.  Mary's,  in  Swafiham  Prior,  Cambridgeshire, 
which  he  resigned  upon  being  appointed  one  of  the  lec- 
turers of  Bury  St.  Edmund's,  Sufl'olk.  Withdrawing  from 
the  Fst.ablished  Church,  he  was,  in  1639,  chosen  minister 
of  St.  Mary's,  Aldermanbury,  where  he  continued  for 
twenty  years,  attracting  attention  by  his  eloquence  in  the 
puljiit.  He  was  a  warm  advocate  of  the  Restoration,  and 
Charles  II.  on  his  return  offered  him  the  Bishopric  of 
Lichfield  and  Coventry,  which  he  declined.  He  afterwards 
fell  into  disgrace  with  the  government  in  consequence  of 
the  freedom  of  his  remarks.  Calamy  was  one  of  the  five 
authors  of  Smectymnus,  an  answer  to  Bishop  Hall's  Di- 
vine Right  of  Episcopacy.  He  pub.  a  number  of  sermons, 
A'c,  1641-63.  '^'indication  of  the  Presbyterian  Govern- 
ment and  Ministry,  1650.  Jus  Diviuum  Ministerii  Evange- 
lici  Anglicani,  1654. 

"  He  was.  though  a  very  learned  man,  yet  a  plain  and  practical 
preacher,  and  one  who  was  not  afraid  to  speak  his  sentiments  freely 
of  and  to  the  greatest  men." 

Calamy,  Edmund,  1671-1732,  grandson  of  the  pre- 
ceding, was  sent  to  the  University  of  Utrecht,  16S8;  as- 
sistant minister  of  a  Nonconformist  congregation.  Black- 
friars,  London,  ll'>92  ;  pastor  of  a  congregation  at  West- 
minster, 1703.  He  pub.  many  sermons,  Ac,  1683-1729. 
Excercitationes  Philosophicse,  ic,  Traj.  ad  Rhen.,  1688, 
4to.  .^bridgt,  of  Baxter's  Life  and  Times,  Lon.,  1702, 
Svo;  1713-27,  4  vols.  Svo;  and  Defence  of  Moderate  Non- 
conformity against  Ollyft'e  and  Iloadly,  170.3-05,  3  vols.Svo. 

"There  were  animadversions  on  Dr.  Calamy  besides  those  of 
OllytTe  and  Iloadly ;  but  much  useful  informat'ion  is  to  be  gleaned 
from  Calamy.  His  own  life,  written  by  himself,  has  also  been  pub- 
lished by  J.  T.  Rutt,  2  vols.  Svo.  lS;iO." — Bickehstetu. 

For  a  review  of  Calamy 's  autobiography  ride  Brit.  Critic, 
vii.  295.  Letter  to  Archdeacon  Echard  upon  occasion  of 
his  History  of  England,  1718.  Svo.  The  In.spiration  of 
the  Scriptures,  1710,  Svo,  in  14  sermons.  Sermons  con- 
cerning the  Doctrine  of  the  Trinity,  with  a  Vindication  of 
1  John  v.  7,  1722,  Svo. 

"  'I'he  discourses  on  the  inspiration  of  the  Scriptures  are  very 
able,  and  defend  those  views  of  this  important  topic  which  are 
generally  held  by  the  orthodox  Dissenters.  .  .  .  Jlore  light  has 
been  thrown  on  the  disputed  passage  iu  1  John  v.  7.  since  Calamy 
wrote;  but  his  defence  of  it  is  tolerably  good  for  the  time." — Onn^i 
Bib}.  Bih. 

The  Life  of  Dr.  Increase  Mather,  1725,  Svo.  Noncon- 
formist's Memoriiil ;  abridged  by  Samuel  Palmer,  Lon., 
1778,  2  vols.  Svo:  1802.  3  vols.  Svo. 

Calamy,  James,  d.  1714,  brother  of  Benjamin  Ca- 
lamy, Prebendary  of  Exeter,  pub.  a  dedication  to  hia 
brother  Benjamiu.     Sermons. 

Calbris,  B.     Guide  to  French,  Lon.,  1797,  Svo. 

Calcaskie,  John.  Trans,  from  Brentius  of  a  theolog. 
treatise.  Lon.,  ]  550. 

Calcott,  John  Wall.     See  Calicott. 

Calcolt,  Wellins.    On  Free  Masonry.  Lon. ,1769.  8vo. 

Caldcleugh,  Alexander.  Travels  iu  South  America, 
1819,  '20,  '21,  Lon.,  1825,  2  vols.  Svo. 


CAL 

8vo;  abo  Biographical  Notice  by  Dr.  B.  H.  Coates  before 
Amer.  Phil.  .Soc. 

Caldwell,  Howard  H.,  b.  1832,  at  Newberry,  S.C. 
Oliatta.  and  other  Poems,  N.Y..  1855,  12mo.  Pncms,  Bost., 
1858,  12mo.     See  South.  Lit.  Mess.,  July,  1858. 

Caldwell,  Sir  James.  Political  and  Commercial 
treatises,  1764,  '65,  '79.  Affairs  of  Ireland,  1765,  2  vols. 
8vo. 

Caldwell,  James  Stamford.  Laws  of  Arbitra- 
tion, 1817.     llcsults  of  Reading,  184.3,  8vo. 

Caldwell,  John.     Sermon,  Lon.,  1577,  8vo. 
Caldwell,  Joseph.     Fine  Diuine  Branches  spring- 
ing in  the  li.irdcn  of  Vcrtue,  Lon.,  sine  wino. 

Caldwell,  Thomas.  A  Select  Collection  of  Ancient 
and  Jlodcru  Ei>iiii|dis  aud  Inscriptions,  1796,  12mo. 

Caldwell,  \VilliamW.,b.  1823,  Newburyport,  Mass.; 
grad.  Bowdoin  Coll.,  1843;  a  poet,  has  pub.  some  trans- 
lations from  the  (Jcrman. 

Calef,  Robert,  d.  1719,  a  merchant  of  Boston,  dis- 
tingui.-hcd  himself  by  opposing  Cotton  Mather  and  other 
believers  in  witchcraft.  The  excellent  iMather — for  such 
he  truly  was— pub.  in  1692  The  Wonders  of  the  Invisible 
I  World,  4to.  Mr.  Calef  thought  proper  to  oppose  the  witch- 
craft-theory, and  answered  this  work  in  his  More  Wonders 
of  the  Invisible  World  Displayed,  5  parts,  Lon..  1700;  re- 
printed at  Salem  in  1700.  This  publication  excited  great 
indignation.  Dr.  Increase  Mather,  President  of  Harvard 
College  in  1700,  ordered  the  book  to  be  burned  in  the  college- 
yard,"  and  the  members  of  the  Old  North  Church  pub.  a 
defence  of  their  pastors,  the  Mathers,  entitled  licmarks 
upon  a  Scandalous  Book,  Ac,  with  the  motto.  Truth  wiU 
come  off  cnni|Ucror. 

Calep,  Ralph.  Med.  Con.  to  PhiL  Trans.,  1708. 
Cales,  Thomas.  Voyages,  &e. 
Caley,  John,  1763-1834,  a  learned  antiquary,  Secre- 
tary to  the  National  Record  Commission  during  its  conti- 
nuance, 1801-31,  was  joint  editor  in  14  of  the  works  un- 
dertaken Ijy  the  Commissioners.  He  was  also  joint  editor 
with  Dr.  Bandinell  and  Sir  Henry  Ellis  of  a  new  edit,  of 
Dugdale's  Monasticon.  pub.  in  54  parts,  forming  8  vols, 
folio,  at  £141  15s.,  1817-30.  He  contributed  several  arti- 
cles to  the  Archajologia,  viz. :  A  Memoir  of  the  Origin  of 
the  Jews  in  England,  vol.  viii.,  1787  ;  Extract  from  a  MS. 
in  the  Augmentation  OSBce,  ix.,  1789;  A  Valuation  of 
Corpus  Christi  Shrine  at  York,  x.,  1790;  A  Survey  of  the 
Manor  of  Wymbledon,  x.,  1792. 

Calf  hill,  or  Calfill,  James,  1530-1570,  entered 
King's  College.  Cambridge,  1545;  Christ  Chunh,  Oxford, 
1548;  Prebendary  of  St.  Paul's,  1562;  nominated  by 
Queen  Elizabeth  to  the  Bishopric  of  Worcester,  1570,  but 
died  that  year.  Querela  Oxoniensis  Academicie  ad  Can- 
tabrigiam,"  Lon.,  1552,  4to.  A  Latin  Poem.  Historia  de 
Exhumationc  Catherina;,  ic,  Lon.,  1562,  8vo.  An  An- 
swere  to  the  Treatise  of  the  Crosse,  1565,  4to. 

'■  He  was  in  bis  younger  days  a  noted  poet  and  comedian,  and 
in  his  elder,  an  exact  disputant,  and  bad  an  excellent  faculty  in 
speaking  aud  preaching." — Allien.  Oxon. 

Calhoun,  John  Caldwell,  1782-1850,  a  distin- 
guished American  statesman,  was  born  in  Abbeville  dis- 
trict, South  Carolina,  on  the  18th  of  March.  During  "a 
period  of  forty  ye.ars  he  rendered  faithful  services  to  the 
Union  in  the  various  capacities  of  Representative.  Secre- 
tary of  War,  Vice-President,  and  Senator."  Ho  died  at 
Washington  City  on  the  31st  of  March,  1850. 

"  Few  men  have  been  called  upon  to  pass  through  scenes  of 
higher  political  excitement,  and  to  encounter  more  vigoious  and 
unrelenting  opposition  than  Mr.  Calhoun;  yet,  amid  all  the  pre- 
judices which  party  feeling  engenders,  and  all  the  jealousy  of  po- 
litical rivals,  and  ail  the  animosity  of  political  opponents,  no  one 
has  ever  ventured  to  hazard  his  own  reputation  for  judgment  or 
.sincerity  so  far  as  to  doubt  one  moment  his  great  and  command- 
ing talents." 

Works,  edited  by  Richard  K.  Cralle,  New  York,  1853- 
54,  &c.,  6  vols.  Svo. 

We  annex  some  notices  of  Mr.  Calhoun's  Essay  on  Go- 
vernment, (vol.  i.  of  his  works,)  to  which  he  devoted  the 
careful  attention  of  many  of  his  leisure  hours  : 

If  we  were  called  upon  to  select  any  one  portion  of  the  Trea- 
i  should  be  at  great  difficulty  to  separate, 
where  all  is  so  closely  connected.  The  history  of  parties  in  our 
Union,  the  profound  speculations  on  the  dangers  attending  our 
future  destinies  and  their  remedies,  the  account  of  the  formation 
of  our  Colonial  Governments,  and  of  our  federative  system,  and 
the  demonstration  that  this  is  a  federal,  and  not  a  national,  go. 
vernment.  are  alike  admirable.  No  piece  of  reasoning  can  be  more 
conclusive  than  this  vindication  of  the  doctrine  of  State  sove- 
reignty. Every  truth  has  more  to  fear  from  its  half-way  friends 
than  its  avowed  enemies.  Few  persons  venture  to  deny  that  the 
states  are  sovereign,  but  their  federalism  is  hidden  even  to  them- 
selves, under  the  sophism  of  a  divided  sovereignty.  They  contend 
his  Autobiography,  with  Preface,  Notes,  Ac,  PhUa.,  1855,  i  that  our  system  is  partly  federal  and  partly  national,  a^d  imagine 


CAL 

"A  work  heavy  and  languid;  but  the  author  has  added  con- 
siderably to  our  stock  of  informatinn  concerning  several  parts  of 
South  America."— /..on,  Quarlrrh/  Nei-ieio. 

Caldccott,  R.  M.  The  Life  of  Baber,  Emperor  of 
Uindostan,  Lon,,  1844,  8vo. 

Caldccott,  Thomas.  Reports  of  Cases  rclntrve  to 
the  Duty  and  Office  of  a  Ju.stice  of  the  Peace,  1775-85, 
Lon.,  1786-1800,  4to  ;  3  parts. 

Calder,  Frederick.  Explanation,  Ac.  of  Anth- 
metic,  Lon..  ]2mo.  „,   .,    ,  „       --o, 

Calder,  Jas.,  Surgeon.  Con.  to  Ed.  Med.  Ess.,  1731. 
Calder,  John,  D.D.,  1733-1815.  a  native  of  Aber- 
deen, prcacliod  for  some  time  to  a  Dissenting  congregation 
near  the  Tower.  Sermon,  1772,  8vo.  Trans,  of  Le  Cou- 
rayer's  Last  Sentiments  on  Religion,  1787,  12mo.  Notes 
to'Nichols's  edit,  of  the  Tatler,  1786,  6  vols.  8vo.  He  was 
not  successful  in  an  attempt  to  prepare  for  publication  an 
improved  edit,  of  Chambers's  Cydopsedia.  The  duty  was 
assigned  to  Dr.  Abraham  Recs.  See  Nichols's  Literary 
Anecdotes,  Ac. 

Calder,  Robert,  h.  1658,  ordained  about  1680,  was 
a  minister  of  much  note  in  the  Episcopal  Church  of  Soot- 
land.  He  refused  to  acknowledge  William  and  Mary, 
and  was  deprived  of  his  curacy.  He  suffered  greatly  from 
persecution.  In  1689  ho  was  imprisoned  for  eleven 
months  in  the  Edinburgh  jail  for  exercising  his  ministe- 
rial functions.  Among  his  publications  are.  The  Divine 
Right  of  Episcopacy.  Edin.,  1705.  8vo.  The  Lawfulness 
and  Expediency  of  Set  Forms  of  Pr.ayer,  1706,  Svo.  Mis- 
cellany Numbers,  1713,  Svo.  This  was  a  weekly  sheet  m 
defence  of  Episcopacy,  the  Liturgy,  Ac.  His  comparison 
between  the  Kirk  and  the  Church  of  Scotland.  1712.  was 
rcpub.,  Lon.,  1841,  12mo.  with  a  preface  by  Thomas  Ste- 
phens. His  work  on  the  Priesthood,  now  very  scarce,  has 
been  highly  commended. 

Calder'on  de  La  Harca,  Madame  Frances,  a 
native  of  Scotland,  was  a  Miss  Inglis.  In  1838  she  was 
married  to  his  Excellency  Don  Calderon  do  la  Barca, 
Spanish  minister  to  the  United  States  and  subsctpiently  to 
Mexico.  She  has  pub.  a  work  entitled  Life  in  Mexico; 
with  a  preface  by  W.  H.  Prcscott,  the  historian,  1843, 
which  has  been  most  favouriibly  received. 

'■  Madame  Calderon's  book  ha.s  all  the  natural  liveliness  and 
tact,  and  readiness  of  remark,  which  are  sure  to  distinguish  the 
first  production  of  a  clever  woman.  ...  A  more  genuine  book,  in 
air.  as  well  as  reality,  it  would  be  difficult  to  find." — Edin.  Jt'eii.nv. 
"  Here  the  wife  of  a  Spanish  Ambassador  permits  the  publica- 
tion of  journals  written  in  a  land  hitherto  unvisited  by  any  one 
gifted  with  so  keen  an  eye  and  so  plea.sant  a  pen," — Lwi.  AUientrum, 
Calderwood,  David,  1575-1651  ?  an  eminent  Scotch 
divine  and  Church  historian;  minister  of  Cniilling,  near 
Jedburgh.  1604:  deprived,  for  opposition  to  Episcopacy, 
1617;  returned  home  from  a  visit  to  Holland,  1625,  Ho 
pub.  several  treatises,  but  is  best  known  by  his  History  of 
the  Church  of  Scotland.  1560-1625,  1678.  fol.  This  is  a 
mere  abridgment  from  the  author's  MS.  History,  which 
was  given  to  the  world  by  the  Wodrow  Society,  8  vols. 
Svo,  1842-49. 

"  In  high  esteem  with  the  men  of  its  author's  principles."— 
Bishop  Nicolson. 

'-  The  history  in  fiivour  of  Presbyterianism." — Bickebsteth. 
"  Written  in  a  way.  both  with  respect  to  the  spirit  and  style  of 
it,  which  renders  it  very  unpleasant  in  the  perusal." — Bir>g.  Brit. 
Altare  D.amascenum,  1621,  '23,  4to ;  in  English,  1621, 
12mo,  under  the  title  of  the  Altar  of  Damascus,  or  the 
Pattern  of  the  English  Hierarchy  and  Church  obtruded 
upon  the  Church  of  Scotland. 

Calderwood,  Robert.  Con.  to  Med.  Com.,  1784. 
Caldwall,  or  Chaldwell,  Richard,  M.D.,  1513?- 
1585,  was  a  Fellow  of  Brazenose  College.  Oxford,  and  in 
1570  elected  President  of  the  College  of  Physicians.  The 
Tables  of  Surgery,  trans,  from  H.  Moro,  a  Florentine  phy- 
sician, Lon..  1585. 

Caldwell,  Andrew,  1752-1808.     Public  Buildings 
of  Dublin,  1770. 

"  Very  judicious  observations." 

Escape  of  James  Stewart  from  some  Turks,  Lon.,  1804, 
fol. ;  privately  printed. 

Caldwell,  Charles,  M.D..  1772-1853,  a  learned  phy-  |  tise'for  quotat 
Bician  of  Philadelphia.  In  1795  he  trans.  Blumenbaeh's 
Elements  of  Physiology,  Medical  and  Physical  Memoirs; 
containing,  among  other  sulyecfs,  a  Particular  Inquiry 
into  the  Nature  of  the  Pestilential  Epidemics  of  the  United 
States,  Lon.,  1801,  8vo.  In  1S14  he  succeeded  Nicholas 
Biddle  as  editor  of  the  Port  Folio.  In  1816,  edited  Cullen's 
Practice  of  Physic.  Life  and  Campaigns  of  General 
Greene,  1819.  His  pulilished  writings  and  translations 
from  l'r94  to  1851  amount  to  upwards  of  200  articles.    See 


CAL 


CAL 


that  both  the  several  States  and  the  Union  are  sovereipn.  To  ex- 
pose this  fallacy  it  is  nei't-ssary  to  have  a  just  conception  of  sove- 
reit;nty.  Mr.  Calboun's  philosophical  habits  of  thought  kept  this 
ever  present  to  his  mind.  .  .  .  Our  free  quotations  Lave  affoided 
to  the  reader  some  opportunity  of  judi^iu^^  of  Mr.  Calhoun's  style. 
It  has  mme  of  that  curious  fdiciti/  which  makes  some  books  plea- 
sant leading,  apart  from  the  value  of  the  ideas.  There  is  less  of 
that  magnificent  imagery  which  adorns  Burke's  thoughts,  without 
encumbi;ring  them,  and  illuminates  the  reason  with  the  splendour 
of  the  imagination ;  though  occasionally  images  of  great  brilliancy 
flash,  with  meteor-like  swiftness,  across  the  path  of  Calhoun's  dis- 
course. The  rhythm  of  his  style  seems  rugged,  when  read  in  an 
ordinary  tone;  but  give  it  the  earnest  emphasis  which  marked 
his  mannerof  speaking,  and  its  march  beats  time  to  its  meaning." 
— Sinithern  Quarterly  lieview,  vol.  vii.,  New  Series.  JiTS.  April.  1S53. 

"Wo  return  to  this  volume,  however,  only  for  the  purpose  of 
taking  leave  of  it  with  an  expression  of  sincere  respect  for  the 
fi-ankness  and  ability  with  which  it  is  written,  and  for  the  honesty 
of  the  author's  purposes,  however  we  may  dissent  from  many  of 
his  opinions." — N<jrth  Amer.  Review,  vol.  Ixxvi.  607,  April.  1853. 

"The  elo<|uence  of  Mr.  Calhoun,  or  the  manner  iu  which  he  ex- 
hibitt^  his  sentiments  in  public  bodies,  was  part  of  his  intellec- 
tual character.  It  grew  out  of  the  qualitiis  ••t  bis  mind.  It  was 
plain,  strong,  t^rse,  condensed,  concise;  SMiiirliriU'S  impassioned, 
still  always  severe.  Rejecting  ornami'nf.  not  often  seeking  far  for 
illustrations,  his  power  consisted  in  the  plainness  of  his  proposi- 
tions, in  the  closeness  of  his  logic,  and  in  the  earnestness  and 
energy  of  his  manner." — Hon.  Daniel  Wedster;  Sp'-ech  in  (he 
Senate  of  the  Uniied  Stutes,  on  the  day  when  the  death  of  Mr.  Gxl- 
houn  was  announced. 

See  Life  of  John  C.  Calhoun,  with  Selections  from  his 
Speeches  and  State  Papers,  by  John  S.  Jenkiiii^,  Aub.,  12mu. 

Callaghan,  Dr.  Vimliciaj  Catholicorum  lliberuia?, 
Paris,  1650,  12mo. 

Call,  Daniel.  Reports  of  Cases  adjuflo;ed  in  the 
Court  of  Appeals  of  Virginia,  1790-1818;  2d  edit.,  by 
Joseph  Tnte,  Richmond,  1824-33,  6  vols.  8vo. 

"Mr.  Call's  style  of  reporting  is  quite  inartificial.  His  state- 
ments of  facts  are  long,  overloaded,  and  pei-jjlexed.  His  marginal 
notes  of  abstracts  are  confused,  and  often  do  not  present  the  points 
distinctly;  and  his  index,  or  table  of  matters,  is  defective  in  ar- 
Bftngement." — Avirrican  Jurist. 

Callam,  James.  Account  of  a  Voyage  from  the 
Cape  of  Good  Hope  to  Botany  Bay,  1789,  8vo. 

Callauan,  James  Joseph,  Irish  poet,  b.  at  Cork, 
1795,  d.  at  Lisbon,  1S2'J,  partly  educated  at  Maynuotb 
College  for  the  Roman  Catholic  priesthood.  Ho  subsequently 
entered  Trinity  College,  Dublin,  with  a  view  of  becoming 
a  barrister,  and  there  produced  two  Prize  Poems, — one  on 
the  Accession  of  George  IV.,  the  other  on  the  Restoration 
Toy  Alexander  the  Great  of  the  Spoils  of  Athens.  Suddenly 
abandoning  the  Uuivensity  and  the  study  of  the  law,  the 
remainder  of  his  life  in  Ireland  was  spent  iu  the  duties  of 
tutorship,  partly  in  private  families  and  partly  in  the 
school  kept  at  Cork  by  the  celebrated  Dr.  William  Maginn. 
Encouraged  by  this  great  scholar,  Callanan  translated  a 
series  of  six  Irish  Popular  vSoug.s,  which  appeared  in  1823 
in  vol.  xiii.  of  Blackwood's  Magazine.  Between  this  time 
and  1827,  when  he  quitted  Ireland  for  Lisbon,  Callanan 
wrote  numerous  poems,  of  which  the  most  ambitious  was 
"The  Recluse  of  Inchidony,"  in  the  Spenserian  stanza.  His 
most  successful  pieces  were  lyrical.  The  best  are  "The 
Virgin  Mary's  Bank,"  and  the  spirited  ballad-ode  called 
"Gouzane  Barra,"  commencing 

"  There  is  a  green  island  in  lone  Gouzane  Barra, 
Where  Allna  of  songs  rushes  forth  as  an  arrow," — 
the  most  perfect,  perhaps,  »>'  all  Irish  minor  poems  in  the 
melody  of  its  rhythm,  the  flow  of  its  language,  and  the 
■weird  force  of  its  expression.  Mr.  Callanan  died  as  be  was 
about  returning  to  Ireland.  A  small  12mo  volume  of  his 
Poems  was  published  at  Cork  almost  simultaneously  with 
his  death.  A  new  edition,  with  a  Memoir, — chiefly  an  ex- 
pansion of  an  article  in  Bolster's  Quarterly  Magazine  of 
Ireland, — appeared  in  1847,  and  a  3d  editicm,  edited  by  M, 
F.  McCarthy,  author  of  the  Memoir,  was  issued  in  1848. 

Callander,  Jas.  Military  Maxims,  Lon.,  1782,  12mo. 

Callander,  John,  d.  1789,  a  Scotch  Lawyer,  Fellow 
and  Secretary  for  Foreign  Correspondence  of  the  Society 
of  Scottish  Antiquaries,  presented  this  body  with  5  vols. 
folio,  of  his  MS.  works,  and  annotations  upon  Milton's 
Paradise  Lost  in  9  vols,  folio!  What  an  opportunity  for 
some  editor  of  the  British  Homer !  Two  Ancient  Scottish 
Poems:  the  Gaberlunzie  Man  and  Christ's  Kirk  on  the 
Green,  with  Notes  and  Observations,  Edin.,  1782,  8vo. 

"The  deficiencies  of  Callander  as  an  editor  are  amply  compen- 
sated by  his  uncommon  erudition  as  a  philologist." 

An  Essay  towards  a  literal  version  of  the  New  Testa- 
ment in  the  Epietle  to  the  Ephesians,  Glasg.,  1779. 

"  This  is  a  very  curious  specimen  of  literal  rendering,  in  which 
the  order  of  the  Greek  words  is  rigidly  followed,  and  the  English 
idiom  entirely  abandoned,  to  the  utter  destruction  of  the  elegance 
and  meaning  of  the  original.  .  .  .  The  curiosity  of  the  work  is 
that  the  notes  are  in  Greek;  a  proof,  certainly,  of  Mr.  Callander's 
dearning,  but  not  of  his  wisdom." — Ornu's  Bibl.  Bib, 


Callander,  John,  Terra  Australis  Cognita,  or 
Voy-;i^;;es  to  the  Southern  Hemisphere  during  the  16th, 
17th,  and  18th  centuries,  Edin.,  1766-68,  3  vols.  8vo. 

Callaway,  John,  ten  years  a  Missionary  at  Ceylon. 
Oriental  Oti^ervations  and  Occasional  Criticisms,  more  or 
less  ilhistrating  several  hundred  passages  of  Scripture, 
Lon..  1S27,  12mo. 

"This  little  and  unassuming  volume  contains  many  valuable 
elucidali'ins  of  the  sacred  volume  which  will  be  sought  in  vain  in 
some  of  its  more  voluminous  predecessors." — Horne. 

"The  notes  are.  for  the  most  part,  brief;  and  when  suggested 
by  thi'  author's  personal  observations,  interesting,  and  to  the  pui- 
pose." — I^m.  Eclectic  Rfixnrw. 

Callcott,  Sir  Augustus  Wall,  R.A.,  1779-1814 
Illustrations  of  the  Chapel  of  the  Annunziato  dell'Arena, 
or  Giotto's  Chapel,  in  Padua,  consisting  of  fine  wood- 
engravings  of  paintings  by  the  celebrated  Giotto,  with 
descriptions  by  Lady  Callcott.  imperial  4to,  1845. 

"This  work  was  published  by  Sir  A.  Callcott  to  preserve  a  me* 
morial  nf  tliese  int^uesting  fresco  paintings,  executed  in  1300  and 
now  i;ijjiilly  iii'risliing.  'It  may  assist  persons,' he  saya,  'in  re- 
calling tlie  ailiiiiration  with  which  they  cannot  fail  to  have  con- 
templated this  monument  of  one  of  the  greatest  geniuses  of  an 
age  fertile  in  great  men.'  " 

Callcott,  John  Wall,  1766-1821,  Musical  Doctor, 
brother  of  the  preceding.  Musical  Grammar,  1SU6,  '09, 
8vo.  Keyed  Instruments,  1807.  He  left  many  MS.  volumes 
intended  as  materials  for  a  comprehensive  Musical  Dic- 
tionary. His  Musical  Grammar  is  much  esteemed.  It 
is  to  be  deeply  regretted  that  he  did  not  complete  his  Dic- 
tionary. Are  we  not  in  want  of  such  a  guide?  and  who 
shall  furnish  it? 

Callcott,  Maria,  Lady,  1788-1843,  a  daughter  of 
Rear-Admiral  George  Dundas,  was  married  first  to  Cap- 
tain Thomas  Graham,  R.  N.,  and  after  his  decease  became 
the  wife  of  Mr.  {afterwards  Sir  Augustus)  Callcott.  Lady 
Callcottsaw  much  of  the  world  in  her  extensive  peregri- 
nations in  India,  South  America,  Italy,  Spain,  &c.  Travels 
in  India,  1812.  Three  RLtnths  in  the  Environs  of  Rome, 
1S19,  1820.  Memoirs  of  the  Life  of  Poussin,  1820.  His- 
toirc  de  P"rance,  18mo.  History  of  Spain,  1828.  Essays 
tnwards  the  History  of  Painting.  1S36.  Other  works.  Her 
last  work  was  A  Scripture  Herbal,  with  upwards  of  120 
Wood  Engravings,  1842,  c.  8vo. 

'•  Kxecuted  in  a  very  meritorious  and  interesting  manner.  .  .  . 
The  Book  is  altogether  An  Kxcellent  Bible  Companion;  we  can 
bestow  no  higher  praise." — Lim.  Literary  Gazette. 

Lady  Callcott  devoted  the  last  two  j-ears  of  her  life  to 
drawing  the  specimens  of  the  plants,  and  collecting  the 
best  works  on  Botany  to  furnish  materials  for  this  valu- 
able work. 

Callcott,  Maria  Hutchins.  Rome  amongst  Stran- 
gers; a  Tale,  Lon.,  1848,  2  vols.  fp.  Svo. 

"  A  very  simple  yet  graceful  story.  There  is  much  variety  in 
the  story,  and  the  sketches  of  character  are  exceedingly  good." — 
Lon.  Church  ftnd  State  Gasettt: 

Callender,  James  T.,  drowned  at  Richmond,  Vir- 
ginia, 1803,  was  an  exile  for  the  following  pamphlet,  The 
Political  Progress  of  Britain,  itc,  Edin.,  1792,  "Oo,  Svo. 
Ptditical  Register,  or  Proceedings  in  Congress,  Nov.  3, 
1794,  to  March  3.  1795,  vol.  1,  2  parts,  Phila.,  1795,  Svo. 
Sketches  of  the  History  of  America,  1798.  He  was  at  one 
time  a  friend,  afterwards  a  violent  opponent,  of  Thomas 
Jefferson.  Soe  JeSersou's  Letters;  Col.  Cent.,  July  30, 
1803:  Allen's  Amer.  Biog.  Diet. 

Callender,  John,  of  R.  Island.     Serms.,  1739,  '45. 

Callicot,  Theophilus  Carey,  b.  1826,  in  Cornwall, 

England.     His  parents  settled  iu  Fairfax  co.,  Va.,  in  his 

childhood.    Grad.  Delaware  Coll. ;  studied  law  under  Judge 

Storrs  at  the  Yale  Law  School,  and  was  admitted  to  the 

bar  in  N.Y.  City  in   1847.     His  pen  has  been  employed 

chiefly  iu  contributing  literary,  political,  and  legal  articles 

to  the  newspapers,  magazines,  and  law-journals,  and  in 

editing  tbe  works  of  others  for  the  press.       Histoire  du 

;  Canada;  from  the  French  of  Abb6  Brasseurde  Bourbourg 

j  M.  S.  Lemoine's  Etudes  <in  the  Tragedies  of  Shakspeare, 

I  pub.  N.Y.  Musical  World.  18o2.     Handbook  of  Universal 

Geography,  N.Y.,  1853,  12mo;  new  e<l.,  revised,  1856. 

Callis,  Robert.  Tbe  Case  and  Arguments  against 
Sir  Ignoramus,  Lou.,  1648,  4to.  Reading  upon  the  Sta- 
tute of  Sewers,  1647,  '85,  'S(S,  1710;  5th  and  best  edit., 
with  the  Notes  of  Mr.  Serg.  Hill,  by  W.  J.  Broderip, 
Lon.,  1824. 

Caiman,  E.  S,  Description  of  the  E.arthquako  in 
Syria.  Lon..  1837,  Svo.  Errors  of  Modern  Judaism,  Lon., 
1840,  12mo. 

Calthrop,  Charles.  The  Relation  between  a  Lord 
of  a  Manor  and  a  Copyholder,  Lon.,  1635,  4to. 

"  It  is  a  legal  production  of  very  considerable  value  in  the  opi- 
nion of  qualified  judges." 


CAL 


CAM 


Calthrop,  Sir  Harry.  Liberties,  Usapes,  and  Cus- 
toms of  the  City  of  Loudon,  1612,  4to ;  and  in  the  Soiners 
Collection  of  Tracts.  It  is  a  sort  of  alphabetical  index  to 
the  Liher  Albue.  Reports  of  Cases  rcl.  to  City  of  London, 
1655,  70,  12rao. 

'*  Prettily  reported,  and  well  worth  reading." 

Calthrop,  John.     Sermon,  1759,  Svo. 

Calthrop,  John.     Sermons,  Lon.,  1S39,  2  vols.  8vo. 

Calver,  Ktlward.  Passion  and  Discretion  of  Youth 
and  Ase,  Lon.,  1041,  4to.  England's  Sad  Pastime,  1644, 
Svo.  Royal  Visions,  1648,  4to.  Zion's  Thankful  Echoes, 
1649.  4to.* 

Calverly,  William.  Dyalocrue  betwene  the  Playn- 
tife  and  the  Defendaunt :  cnmpyled  whyles  he  was  Prisoner 
in  the  Towre  of  LmikIou,  4to. 

Calvert,  Cecilins,  Lord  Baltimore,  Proprietor 
of  Maryland,  son  of  the  founder.  The  Case  of  Lord  Balti- 
more concerning  the  Province  of  Maryland,  adjoining  to 
Virginia,  Lon.,  165.3,  4to  :  for  an  account  of  this  publica- 
tion and  the  rejoinder  thereto,  see  Park's  Walpole's  R.  & 
N.  Authors,  v.  177. 

Calvert,  Frederick,  Lord  Baltimore,  Pro- 
prietor of  Maryland,  1731-1771.  eldest  son  of  Charle?.  6th 
Lord  Baltimore,  died  at  Naples,  leaving  his  property  to 
his  8on  Henry  Harford.  A  Tour  to  the  East  in  1763-64, 
Lon..  1767,  12mo.  Gaudia  Poetica.  Latina.  Anglica,  et 
Gallica  Lingua  coniposita,  1769.  Augusta;  Litteris  Spa- 
thianis,  1770;  very  rare;  sold  at  Reed's  sale  for  £6  10s. 
Cadestes  ct  Inferni,  Venitiis,  1771,  4to ;  also  rare. 

'•Lord  Baltimore's  travels  deserved  no  more  to  lie  published 
tl]:m  bis  bills  on  the  road  for  postrhorses ;  but  they  prove  that  a 
man  may  travel  without  observation,  and  be  an  author  without 
ideas." — IIOKACE  Walpole. 

Calvert,  Frederick.  A  Treatise  upon  the  Law  re- 
specting Parties  to  Suits  in  Equity,  Lon.,  1837,  Svo. 

"It  exhibits  no  acquaintance  either  with  practice  of  Equity 
drawing,  or  the  modes  of  reasoning  which  a  knowledge  of  its 
principles  would  suggest." — 1  Jurist,  13S. 

Ohservations  on  Proceedings  in  Ecjuity  as  to  Joint  Stock 
Companies,  with  suggestions,  Lon.,  1S42.  Svo. 

'■  A  brief  and  able  pamphlet  upon  a  subject  of  acknowledged 
difficulty." — 5  Jia-ist,  ls6. 

Calvert,  George,  Lord  Baltimore,  15S2P-1632, 
fiiunder  of  the  Province  of  Maryland,  M.  P.  for  Oxford, 
and  Privy  Counsellor  to  James  L  1.  Carmen  Funebre  in 
D.  Hen.  Utonum  ad  Gallos  his  Legatum,  ibique  nuper  fato 
Functum.  Oxon.,  1596,  4to.  2.  Speeches  in  Parliament. 
3.  Various  letters  of  State.  4.  The  Answer  of  Tom  Toll- 
Truth.  5.  The  Practice  of  Princes.  6.  The  Lamentation 
of  the  Kirk,  1642.  4to. 

Respecting  this  worthy  nobleman,  and  the  early  history 
of  Maryland,  sec  Biog.  Brit.  ;  Athen.  Oxon.  ;  Pai'k's  Wal- 
pole's R.  &  N.  Authors;  Allen's  Anicr.  Biog.  Diet. 

Calvert,  George  Henry,  a  great-grandson  of  Lord 
Baltimore,  was  h.  iu  Prince  George's  county,  Maryland, 
Jan.  2,  1803.     1.  Illustrations  of  Phrenology,  Bait.,  IS32, 

2.  A  Volume  from  the  Life  of  Herbert  Barclay.  Bait.,  1S35. 

3.  Schiller's  Don  Carlos,  translated.  Bait.,  1S36.  4.  Count 
Julian;  a  Tragedy,  Bait.,  1840.  5.  Cabiro;  Two  Cantos, 
Bait,  1840.  6.  Correspondence  between  Schiller  and 
Goethe,  translated,  N.Y.,  1845.  7.  Scenes  and  Thoughts 
in  Europe,  1st  Series,  N.  York,  1846;  2d  Series,  N.  York, 
1S52. 

"Tliis  i^a  bonk  after  our  own  heart, — fresh,  animated,  vigorous, 
and  iii.Kj.rri^i.iit."— N.  P.  Waus. 

AIs'.  highly  commended  by  H.  T.  Tuckerman. 

8.  Poems.  Bost.,  1847.  9.  Oration  ou  the  Fortieth  Anni- 
versary of  the  Battle  of  Lake  Erie,  delivered  at  Newport, 
R.L,  Sept.  1853,  Camh.,  1853,  8vo.  A  valuable  contribu- 
tion. See  Duyckiucks'  Cyc.  Amer.  Lit.  10.  Comedies, 
Bost.,  1856.  12mo.  11.  Social  Science;  a  Discourse,  in 
3  Parts,  N.Y.,  1856,  12mo.  Also  contributed  many  valu- 
al)le  articles  to  the  North  American  and  other  Reviews. 

"  Mr.  Calvert  is  a  scholar  of  refined  tastes  and  su.sceptibililies, 
educat<?d  in  the  school  of  Goethe,  whn  li»oUs  upon  the  world,  at 
home  and  abroad,  in  the  light  not  merely  of  genial  and  ingenious 
reflection,  but  with  an  eye  of  philosophical  practical  improve- 
ment."— Library  World. 

Calvert,  James,  d.  1698,  a  Nonconformist  divine, 
educated  at  Clare  Hall,  Camliridgc,  a  native  of  York,  pub. 
a  work  on  the  Ten  Tribes :  Naphtliali,  seu  CoUectatio  Theo- 
logica,  do  reditu  decem  trihuum,  couversione,  et  mensibus 
Ezekielis.  Lon..  1672,  4to. 

Calvert,  John.  The  Psalter  and  Canticles  in  the 
Morning  and  Evening  Services  of  the  Church  of  England, 
Lon.,  1844.     Anthems,  1844. 

"Mr.  Calvert's  manual,  with  appropriate  prefatory  remarks,  is  a 
further  acquisition  to  those  who  delight  in  chanting."— C/turc/t 

Calvert,  Sir  Pet.  Speech  rel.  to  Mrs.  Inglefield,  1781. 


Calvert,  Robert,  M.D.     Reflections  on  Fever,  Lon., 

1815.  Svo.     Treatise  ou  Hiomorrhoidcs,  8vo. 

Calvert,  Thomas,  ir.06-1679,  uncle  of  James  Cal- 
vert, and  Vicar  of  Trinity,  York.  Mel  Cadi,  on  Isaiah 
liii.  1657,  4to.  The  Blessed  Jew  of  Morocco.  1048,  8vo. 
Three  Sermons,  1660.  Heart  Salve  for  a  Wounded  Soul, 
Ac,  ir)75,  12mo. 

Cam,  Joseph,  M.D.     Med.  treatises,  1729,  '31,  Svo. 

Cam,  T,  C,  surgeon.     Con.  to  Memoirs  Med.,  1805. 

Cambden,  John.     Funeral  serm.,  1714,  Svo. 

Cambel,  Lord  of  Lome.     Speech,  Lon.,  1641,  foL 

Cambreiisis.     See  Barhv,  Oirald. 

Cambridge,  Richard  Owen,  1717-1802,  wns  en- 
tered a  gentleman  commoner  of  St.  Juhn's  College,  Oxford, 
in  1734;  became  a  member  of  Lincoln's  Inn,  17.'^'7.  and  in 
1741  was  married  to  Miss  Trenchard.  About  1750  he  re- 
moved to  Twickenham,  where  he  resided  in  his  bcnntiful 
villa  for_  the  remainder  of  his  life.  The  Seribleriad :  an 
heroic  Poem,  in  six  books,  Lon.,  1751,  4to.  The  parodies 
in  this  poem  upon  well-known  passages  of  Virgil  and  other 
classical  poets  have  been  much  admired.  False  taste  and 
pretended  science  are  freely  exposed. 

The  Dialogue  between  a  Member  of  Parliament  and  his 
Servant,  1752.  The  Intruder:  a  Poem,  1754,  4to.  War 
in  India  between  the  English  and  French  in  the  Curoman- 
del,  1750,  '60,  '61,  4to. 

"  Valuahle  for  its  accuracy  and  authenticity." — Lowndks. 

This  was  intended  to  have  been  continued  on  an  exten- 
sive scale,  partly  by  means  of  Mr.  Orme's  papers,  but  the 
project  was  abandoned  iu  consequence  of  Mr.  Orme's  pre- 
paration of  his  valuable  History,  pub.  176."i-78,  3  vols.  4to. 
Mr.  Cambridge  wrote  21  of  the  best  papery  in  the  periodi- 
cal called  The  World.  AVorks,  [excepting  the  War  in  In- 
dia.] with  Life  and  Character,  by  his  son  the  Rev.  George 
Owen  Cambridge,  1S03,  4to.  Mr.  Cambridge  entertained 
the  literary  stars  of  his  day  at  his  hospitable  villa  at 
Twickenham. 

Camden,  Lord,  Arguments  of,  Lon.,  1776,  4to;  and 
see  Supplement  vol.  of  Ilargrave's  State  Trials. 

Camdeu,  William,  1551-1623,  "  The  British  Pau- 
sanias,"  was  a  native  of  London,  a  son  of  Sampson  Cam- 
den, a  house-painter,  who  had  removed  from  Lichfield  to 
the  metropolis.  His  mother  was  of  the  ancient  family  of 
the  Curweus  of  Workington,  in  Cumberland.  He  received 
the  rudiments  of  education  in  Christ's  Hospitiil  and  St. 
Paul's  school,  and  in  his  15th  year  was  admitted  a  servitor 
in  Magdalen  College,  Oxford.  Failing  to  obtain  a  dcmi's 
jdace  here,  he  removed  to  Broadgate's  Hall,  now  Pembroke 
Ccdlege.  He  was  unsuccessful  as  a  candidate  for  a  Fel- 
lowship iu  All  Souls*  College,  and  in  1570  failed  in  ob- 
taining the  degree  of  A.B.  This,  however,  was  conferred 
upon  him  in  1573.  In  1575  he  was  appointed  second  mas- 
tor  of  Westminster  school,  and  in  1593  was  advanced  to 
the  post  of  head  master.  From  the  troublesome,  though 
honounible,  duties  pertaining  to  this  office  he  was  relieved 
in  1507,  when,  by  the  interest  of  Sir  Fulke  Greville,  he 
was  appointed  to  the  office  of  Clarencieux  King-at-Arms, 
He  was  now  enabled  to  pursue  those  antiquarian  pursuits — 
by  extensive  peregrination  through  England  and  diligent 
study  of  records — the  results  of  which  have  conferred  so 
much  celebrity  upon  his  name.  After  ten  years  of  inde- 
fatigable industry  he  pub.  1586,  in  Latin,  8vo,  the  first 
edition  of  the  Britannia.  The  title  retained  in  all  the 
editions  was  as  follows:  Britannia,  sive  Florenlissimorum 
Regnorum  Anglian,  Scotia3.  Hibernian,  et  Insulatum  adja- 
ccntium,  ex  intima  Antiquitate,  Chorographica  Deseriptio, 
2d  edit..  1587,  13mo;  3d.  1590;  4th.  1594,  4to :  5th,  1600; 
6th  and  last  edit.,  corrected  by  the  author.  1607,  fob  ;  the 
1st  edit,  with  Maps.  As  the  work  passed  from  one  edition 
to  another,  enlargements,  corrections,  and  improvements 
were  made.  The  4th  edit.,  1594.  was  attacked  by  Ralph 
Brooke,  who  was  answered  in  the  Apology  to  the  Render  in 
the  5th  edit.  Brooke  again  took  up  the  cudgels  ; — I'ut  of 
this  controversy  we  have  already  treated  under  Ralph 
Brooke.  In  1610  the  Britannia  was  trans,  by  Philemon 
Holland,  who  is  supposed  to  have  consulted  the  author, 
which  impression  confers  great  credit  upon  this  version. 
The  best  edit,  is  that  of  1637.  fol.  In  1695  Bishop  Gibson 
trans.  The  Britannia  into  English,  with  large  additi(-ns  at 
the  end  of  each  countj'  and  Holland's  most  material  notes 
at  the  bottom  of  each  page.  The  names  of  Bishop  Gib- 
son's coadjutors  in  this  labour  will  be  found  in  the  Censura 
Literaria.  This  trans,  was  reprinted  in  1753,  2  vols,  fol., 
and  again  in  1772,  2  vols,  fol.,  with  some  corrections  and 
improvements  from  his  lordship's  MS.  in  his  own  copy. 
A  first  vol.  of  a  trans,  by  William  Oldys  was  printed  in 
4to,  but  Mr.  Gough  thinks  was  never  finished  nor  dated. 
The  last  and  most  complete  trans,  of  this  great  work  waa 


CAM 

pub.  in  1789,  (enlarged,)  .S  vols,  fol.,  by  Richard  Gougb, 
an  antiquary  of  great  learning.  Mr.  Gougli  superintended 
the  first  vol.  of  a  new  edit.,  but  in  1806  declined  proceed- 
ing with  his  labours.  He  announced  this  determination 
to  the  papers,  that  no  improper  use  might  be  made  of  his 
name.  The  work,  however,  was  completed  in  4  vols,  fol., 
1806,  and  is  sold  for  about  the  same  price  as  the  other  im- 
pression, say  £7.  Dr.  Bliss  suggests  that  the  University 
of  Oxford,to  which  Gough  bequeathed  his  collections  re- 
lating to  British  Topography,  should  pub.  a  new  edit,  of 
the  ijritannia.  Liriza3us  pub.  a  Latin  abridgment  of  the 
ori!;inal  work,  1617,  12mo;  2d  edit.,  1639,  12mo;  Amst., 
1648,  fol.  An  edit,  by  Blcau  in  French,  with  maps  en- 
graved by  Speed,  was  pub,,  Amst,  1662,  fol.  An  abridgt. 
of  the  original  by  Charles  Bbu-kwell  appeared,  Lon.,  1701, 
2  vols.  Svo;  with  addits.,  1728,  2  vols.  fol. 

The  value  of  the  Britannia  can  hardly  be  over-rated : 
"The  ylory  of  this  .inet-n's  vA];n,  as  well  as  her  successor's, and 
the  prince  of  our  En'.;lish  :inti-iuaries,  was  Mr.  Cimden.  who,SB  life 
has  been  written  at  lai;;e  l.v  Dr.  Smith,  Mr.  Wood,  and  Dr.  Gibson. 
So  that  I  need  not  hire  mention  any  of  its  particulars.  His  Bri- 
tannia is  the  book  which  chiefly  respects  the  subject  of  this  chap- 
ter- and  may  honestly  be  stiled  the  common  sun.  whereat  our 
modern  writers  have  all  li-hted  their  little  torches."— BlsuOP  Nl- 
OOLSOM ;  English  Hid.  Library,  chap.  i. 

The  work,  even  in  its  first  and  imperfect  edition,  was 
declared  to  be  "  an  honour  to  its  author,  and  the  glory  of 
his  country."  He  was  encouraged  by  that  which  was  of 
more  v.alue  than  mere  public  commendation — the  applause 
of  the  learned  in  matters  of  antiquarian  research.     We 


give  a  specimen  : 

"I  thank  you  most  heartily,  (rood  Mr.  Camden,  for  the  use  of 
these  books  of  yours,  since  they  deliver  many  thinRS  that  are  not.  so 
iiir  as  I  do  know,  elsewhere  to  be  had.  and  the  s^ime  no  less  barnedly 
picked  out  than  delicately  uttered  and  written."— i.;«er  from 
WiUiam  Lambard.  the  famous  Kentish  anliquari/.July  9,  1585. 

"  Ilearne  in  one  of  his  MS.  Diaries  in  the  Bodleian,  (vol.  Ixv.  pp. 
115,  IIG.)  says,  -There  is  in  the  Ashmolean  Museum  amnngst  Mr. 
Ashmoles  books,  a  very  fair  folio  Manuscript,  handsomely  bound, 
containing  an  English  translation  of  Mr,  Camden's  Jij-itannia  by 
Kichard  KnoUes.  the  Siimc  that  writ  the  History  of  the  Turks. 
This  hook  was  found  lock-.A  up  in  a  box,  in  Mr.  Camden's  study. 
after  his  death,  Mr.  Camden  set  a  prreat  value  upon  it,  I  suppose 
it  was  presented  by  the  author  to  Mr.  Camden.'  This  volume  is 
now  the  MS.  .^shmole,  .S49." 

■We  quote  an  account  of  a  most  desirable  copy  adver- 
tised lately  by  Mr.  Geo.  'Willis,  London  : 

Camdeii's  ISritannia,  translated  and  enlarged  by  Gough 
and  Nichols.  Last  edition,  illustrated  with  about  3000 
additional  portraits,  engravings,  maps,  ic,  in  15  vols, 
royal  folio,  uncut.  £16  16«.,  1806. 

"  .\  valualile  and  very  extensive  collection  of  Portraits  and  Plates, 
to  illustrate  this  work"  collected  from  the  antiquarian  puhlications 
of  Pennant,  J.  T,  Smith.  S,  R.  Meyrick,  A'iews  of  Antiquities.  Ca.s- 
tles.  Abbeys.  Churches.  Ac.  by  Sandby.  Storer,  Grei!;.  Allom,  4c, 
Portraits  by  Yertue,  Lombert,  Lely,  (indudinj;  Uichardson's  Col- 
lection.) Cuttings  and  Selections  from  topographical  and  historical 
works,  &c." 

In  1697  he  pub.  his  Greek  Grammar  for  the  use  of  ■West- 
minster school,  which  when  D.  Smith  pub.  his  life,  in  1691, 
had  gone  through  forty  impressions.  It  was  superseded 
at  Westminster  about  1650,  by  Busby's  Grammar.  lu 
1600  he  gave  to  the  world  a  description  of  the  monuments 
in  Westminster  Alil>ey — Reges  Beginae  Nobiles,  etc. ;  re- 
printed with  additions  in  1603  and  1606,  4to.  In  1603 
appeared  his  collection  of  Historians — Asser,  Walsingham, 
De  la  More,  Cambrensis,  Ac,  Franck.,  fol.  From  these 
writers  he  had  intended  to  compile  a  civil  history  of  Great 
Britain,  but  abandoned  the  project.  The  article  "  Nor- 
man" is  a  part  of  the  proposed  work.  In  1605  he  pub. 
Remaines  of  a  greater  work  concerning  Britain,  Ac,  fob; 
and  1614,  1627,  1629,  1635,  4to ;  6th  edit,  enlarged  by  Sir 
John  Phillpot  and  W.  D.,  1637,  4to  ;  7th  edit.,  1674,  Svo. 
This  is  a  collection  of  fragments  illustrative  of  the  habits, 
manners,  and  customs  of  the  ancient  Britons  and  Saxons. 
At  the  desire  of  James  I.  he  drew  up,  in  Latin,  an  account 
of  the  Gunpowder  plot, — Actio  in  Henricum  Garnetum 
Societatis  Jesuitica:,  etc.,  1607,  4to. 

'■  Performed  with  creat  accuracy,  elegance,  and  spirit." 
It  was  immediately  condemned  by  the  Inquisition.  His 
attached  friend  and  patron.  Lord  Burleigh,  had  in  1597,  a 
year  before  his  death,  urged  Camden  to  compile  a  history 
of  the  reign  of  Elizabeth.  His  lordship  had  carefully 
noted  the  events  and  actors  of  the  time,  and  his  informa- 
tion and  literary  records  were  of  invaluable  assistance  to 
the  historian.  C.amdcn  completed  the  first  part  of  his  task, 
extending  to  1589,  in  1615,  when  it  was  pulj.  under  the 
title  of  Annates  rerum  Anglicarum  et  Hibernicarum  rcg- 
nante  Elizabctha  ad  an.salutis.  1589,  fob  AVe  can  readily 
imagine  the  difficulty  under  which  a  historian  Laboured 
who  could  only  publish  his  MS.  after  inspection  by  one 
occupying  the  position  to  Mary  of  Scotland  and  Elizabeth 
330 


CAM 

of  England  -which  was  held  by  James  I.  The  royal  war- 
rant- for  the  publication  of  part  first  empowered  Camden 
to  publish  "  so  much  of  the  History  of  England  in  Latin 
as  we  have  perused,"  &c.  ^.    . 

•'  «ome  ol.iuctious  were  made  with  respect  to  the  account  he  has 
riven  of  the  uutortunate  Mary,  Queen  of  Scots,  as  if  he  had  been 
Viassi-d  therein,  from  a  complaisance  for  her  son,  who  was  his 
sovereign:  but  there  does  not  appear  any  just  ground  fcr  these 
suggestions  :  much  less  for  what  has  been  asserted,  that  his  work 
wa's  altered  or  castrated,  and  that  it  did  not  appear  to  the  world 
as  it  fell  originally  from  his  pen,"— J3i(>9,  llril. 

However  innocent  Camden  may  have  felt  of  cause  for 
any  just  censure,  he  doubtless  was  conscious  that  he  was 
placed  in  a  position  which  no  historian  should  occupy  ; 
and  that  he  had  erred  in  publishing  his  work  under  such 
circumstances.  He  intrusted  a  copy  of  the  original  Mb. 
of  the  second  portion  to  his  friend  Mr.  Dupuy,  who  was 
ordered  to  puldish  it  after  the  historian's  decease.  The 
trust  was  discharged.  It  was  first  printed  at  Leyden, 
1625,  Svo ;  and  again  at  London,  1627,  fol. ;  Leyden,  1639, 
8vo;  an  English  trans,  by  Thomas  Brown,  Lon.,  1628, 
4to-  in  English,  16.'!5.  fob;  Latin,  Lugd.  Bat.,  1639,  Svo; 
London,  1675,  fol.  ;  the  same,  Amst.,  1677,  Svo;  in  Eng- 
lish, Lon.,  1688,  fob;  best  edit.,  by  Hearne,  from  Dr. 
Smith's  copy,  corrected  by  Camden's  own  hand,  collated 
with  a  MS.  in  Rawlinson's  library,  Oxf.,  1717,  3  vols.  Svo; 
and  see  Kennet's  Collection,  ii.,  1706. 

"  The  method  is  clear  and  plain,  judiciously  laid  down,  and 
constantly  pursued,  with  equal  .accuracy,  skill,  and  attention. 
The  style' is  grave,  and  suited  to  the  majesty  of  the  history,  never 
sweliiiig  into  a  false  sublime,  or  sinking  even  in  the  relation  of 
the  smallest  circumstances,  but  even  and  elegant  throughout, 
free  fiom  any  mixture  of  .affectation,  and  from  a  vain  and  needless 
ostentation  of  learning :  no  way  deficient  in  necessai-.y  circum- 
stances, never  loaded  with  tedious  or  trilling  particularities,  but 
iroceeding  in  so  just  and  equal  a  manner  that  the  attention  of 
the  reader  is  continually  retained,  and  never  embarrassed  by  any 
ambiguity  or  doubtfulness  of  expression."— B!r«.  ,Bi-i(. 
"  A  most  exquisite  history."— Bisuop  ^ICOl.so^l :  Ergluh  Hist. 

'•■'ftimden's  Annals  of  Elizabeth  and  Bacon's  Hist,  of  Henry 
Til  are  the  only  two  Lives  of  the  Sovereigns  of  England  which 
come  up  to  the  diguity  of  the  subject,  either  in  fulness  of  matter 
or  be-aufy  of  composition." — Selden. 

The  reader  will  be  pleased  to  know  the  opinion  of  Mr. 

Hume ;  .         ^        . 

•■  Camden's  History  of  Queen  ElizJibeth  may  be  esteemed  goocl 
composition,  both  for  style  and  matter.  It  is  written  with  simpli- 
citv  of  expression  very  rare  in  that  age,  and  with  a  regard  to 
truth  It  would  not,  perhaps,  he  too  much  to  atTirm  that  it  is 
among  the  best  historical  productions  which  have  yet  been  com- 
posed  by  any  Englishman 


u„.,.^   ,.,  ....,   -..,. It  is  well  known  that  the  English 

have  not  much  excelled  in  that  kind  of  literature."— Hrsf.  nf  Eng. 

Dr.  Robertson  protests  against  Camden's  version  of 
Scottish  aflrairs  under  Queen  Mary  as  more  inaccurate  than 
any  which  has  come  down  to  us.  Doubtless  the  historian 
was  placed  in  circumstances  calculated  to  cause  him  to  fa- 
vour the  character  of  Elizabeth.  Annales  Jacohi  Reges, 
1603-23.  Lon.,  1691,  4to  ;  in  English,  see  Kennet's  Collec- 
tion. Epistola  cum  Appendice  varii  argnmenti,  Lon., 
1691,  4to.  Description  of  Scotland.  Edin.,  1695,  Svo. 
Antiquities  and  Ofiice  of  Herald  in  England,  Oxf.,  1720, 
Svo.  Ipsius  et  iUustrium  Virorum,  Ac,  Lon.,  1691,  4to. 
Camden  also  wrote  some  poems,  epitaphs,  .and  antiquarian 
essays.  Vide  Hearne's  Collection,  Ac  The  name  of 
Camden  is,  undoubtedly,  one  of  the  most  distinguished 
which  adorns  the  English  annals. 

"The  hi"h  reputation  bis  writings  acquired  him  an^ongst  fo- 
reigners, is'^  at  the  same  time,  a  trihute  to  his  merit,  and  to  tha 
glory  of  this  nation,  which  owes  to  few  of  her  worthies  In  the  Ke- 
puhiic  of  Letters  more  th.an  to  him.  whose  fame  extended  through- 
out Europe,  and  yet  escaped  the  rage  of  critics  wherever  it  came. 
This  was  certainly  owing,  in  a  great  measure,  to  the  sweetness  and 
candour  of  his  temper,  which  so  qualified  his  learning,  that  in 
foreign  nati<ms  all  were  ready  to  commend,  and  none  cared  to  dis- 
pute with  him," — Biog.  Brit.  ,    .     ,  .  .. 

"  In  his  writings  he  was  amdid  and  modest,  in  his  conversation 
ea«v  and  innocent,  and  in  his  whole  life  even  and  exemplary."— 
Bishop  Oipson.  See  Life  in  Gough's  Camden;  Biog.  Brit.;  Life 
by  Smith;  Athen.  Oxon, 

Camcll,  Robert.     Three  Serms.,  1726,  Svo. 
Camell,  Thomas.      1.    Rcoindre   to    Churchyarde. 
2.  Answer  to  Goodman  Chappel's  Supplication,  tinr  anno. 

"  These  are  two  short  poems,  in  an  odd  kind  of  metre,  and  uu- 

"cVmel'ii,  G.  J.,  D.D.  Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1698, 
1703,  '04  ;  on  natural  history,  medicine,  and  botany. 

Canierariiis,  DavitI,  Prcsliyteri  Scoti.  De  Statu 
honiinis  veteris,  Ac,  Ciitalauni,  1627,  4to. 

Camerariiis,  Gul.  Select.-e  Disputationes  Philoso- 
phictc,  Paris,  1630.  Antiquitatis  de  novitatc  victorise. 
Fast,,' 1635,  4to.  Scoticanse  Ecclesise  infantia,  Paris, 
1643,  4  to.  ,„      .     ,. 

Canicrarius,  Ja.  De  Scotorum  Fortitudino,  Ac., 
Paris,  1631,  4to.      Vide  Bp.  Nicolson's  Scot.  Hist.  Library. 


Cameron,  Mrs.,  has  pub.  seventeen  different  works, 
anuniljLT  ot  which  are  iatcndeit  fur  the  henelit  of  children. 
Addresses  to  Children  on  the  Beatitudes,  ISmo.  Marten 
and  his  Scholars,  ISmo.  Fruits  of  Education,  ]2mo. 
En^'lishwomeu.  Lon.,  1841,  12mo.  The  Farmer's  Daugh- 
ter, 1S43,  12mo. 

"We  welcome  in  this  little  Tolnme  a  valuable  addition  to  the 
excellent  series  of  Tale*  for  the  People  and  tbt-ir  Children.  The 
story  conveys  high  moml  truths  in  a  most  attmctive  form." — 
Hunt's  Magazine, 

Cameron,  Alexander.  Letter  to  Rev.  Dr.  Smith, 
on  his  Life  of  St.  C'duiulia,  179S,  Svo. 

Cameron,  C.  R.     Theolo^cical  treatises,  1?09,  '10. 

Cameron,  Charles.  Baths  of  the  Romans,  Lon., 
1772,  iinji.  foL.  with  phites.     A  splendid  work. 

Cameron,  Duncan,  and  Wm,  Norwood.  North 
Carolina  Cimference  Court  Cases,  Raleii^h,  1805,  Svo;  2d 
ed..  with  Taylor's  X.  Carolina  Reports,  with  Xotes  and 
References,  Ity  Wm.  Battle,  Kaleish,  1844,  Svo. 

Cameron,  Ewin.  Ftngalof  Ossianiu  verse.  1777,  4to. 

Cameron,  Lieut.  Col.  G.  Poulett,  C.B.,  K.T.8. 
Adventures  in  Georgia,  Circassia,  and  Russia,  Lon.,  1S45, 
2  vols.  p.  Svo. 

"In  the  agreeable  shape  of  a  narrative  of  personal  adventure, 
Colonel  Cameron  has  given  an  extremely  entertaininir  account  of 
his  residence  amonix  the  Don  Cossacks,  the  inhabitants  of  the  Cau- 
casus, and  of  his  travels  in  various  portions  of  the  Russian  domi- 
nions, and  of  the  Emperor  Nicholas  and  his  military  resources." 
—Lon.  New  Mnnthhi  Mag. 

Cameron,  John,  elected  Bishop  of  Glasgow,  1426. 
Canons,  in  MS.  in  Bihliothcea  Ilarl..  4631  ;  vol.  i.  47. 

Cameron,  John,  15S0?-162.i,  a  Scutch  divine  of 
great  learning,  was  professor  of  Greek  at  the  University 
of  Glasgow  at  the  age  of  20.  and  afterwards  taught  Latin. 
Greek,  and  Divinity,  at  Bordeaux,  Sedan,  Saumur,  and 
Montauban.  Myrothecium  Evangelieum,  Geneva,  1632, 
4to.  Pra?leetiones  in  selectiora  quiedam  loca  Novi  Testa- 
menti,  &c.,  Salinurii.  1626-28,  3  vols.  4to.  Other  works. 
For  notices  of  editions,  see  Orme's  Bihl.  Bib. 

*'  The  most  learned  man  Scotland  ever  produced." — Bishop  Hall. 

Such  extravagance  is  in  bad  taste :  who  is  to  decide 
who  is  the  most  learned  man  in  any  country,  in  any  age? 
The  terms  so  current,  of  the  most  learned,  or  most  polite, 
or  the  best,  or  the  wittiest,  or  the  greatest,  man,  or  the 
handsomest  woman — and,  indeed,  all  superlatives — are 
shocking  vulgarisms,  which  cannot  be  too  carefully  es- 
chewed. 

"  Cameron  was  a  subtle  theologian,  who  displayed  much  critical 
acumen  in  the  interpretation  of  the  Sci-iptures." — Du.  McCnii-:. 

■•  He  spoke  and  wrote  Greek  as  if  it  were  his  mother  tongue.'' — 
Dr.  .J.  Pyk  SMiTfr. 

Cameron,  John.    The  Messiah,  in  9  Books,  1770,  Svo. 

Cameron,  Julia  M,  Leonora;  from  the  German  of 
BUrger,  with  illust.  by  Maclise,  Lon.,  1S46.  c.  4to. 

*-Maclise  revels  in  the  illustrations." — Lnn.  Literari/  Gasftt>i. 

Cameron,  Thos.,  M.D.     Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1747. 

Cameron,  William.  The  French  Revolution.  Ediu., 
1802,  Svo. 

Camfield,Benj.  Theological  treatises.  Lou.,  165S-85. 

His  Discourse  of  Angels  and  their  Ministries,  167S,  Svo, 
has  been  highly  commended. 

"The  suViject  here  umlertaken  to  be  treated  upon  is  certainly 
very  hi^h  and  noble  in  itself  and  exceedinjjly  useful  for  us  to  be 
acquainted  withul.  I  have  read  it  over  to  my  great  satisfaction 
and  edification." — Geo.  Hammond. 

Camfield,  Francis.     Serm..  Lon..  1694,  Svo. 

Camlan,  Goronva.  Lays  from  the  Cvmbric  Lyre, 
Lon.,  1S46,  12mo. 

''  For  sincerity  of  purpose. — for  the  enthusiasm  of  the  writer. — 
and  for  the  erudition  and  al>ility  which  support  that  enthusiasm, 
the  volume  deserves  well  at  the  hands  of  the  public."' — Lon.  Critic. 

Campbell,  Miss.     Poems,  Lon.,  12nio. 

Campbell,  A.,  M.D.     Con.  to  Med.  Com.,  17S5. 

Campbell,  A.  C.  Apologi:e  Ecclesine  Anglicana?. 
from  Bp.  .Tewel,  1812,  12mo:  in  Greek,  by  Smith.  1S12. 
12mo  :  in  English,  1S13.  Svo.  Trans,  of  the  Law  of  Nature 
and  Nations,  from  Grotius,  1814,  3  vols.  Svo. 

Campbell,  A,  D.  1.  Grammar  of  the  Teloogo  or 
Gentoo  Language.  2.  Dictionary  of  ditto,  Madras,  1S16, 
'21.  4to. 

Campbell,  Alevander.  Sequel  to  Bulkeley  and 
Cummin's  Voyage  to  the  South  Seas,  Lon.,  1747,  Svo.  A 
Chain  of  Philo=ophieal  Reasoning  in  proof  of  the  existence 
of  a  Supreme  Beins:.  1754,  Svo. 

Campbell,  Alexander.  History  of  Dover  Castle, 
Lon.,  1786,  4to;  a  trans,  from  the  Latin  MS.  of  Rev.  W. 
Darell. 

Campbell,  Alexander.  An  Examination  of  Lord 
Bolingbroke's  Letters  on  History,  (anon.j)  2d  edit.,  Lon., 
1753,  'l2mo. 


CAM 

Campbell,  Alexander.  An  Introduction  to  the  His- 
tory uf  Poetry  in  Scothiiid.  Edin.,  1709,  4to. 

'■  A  valuable  work,  containing  much  interesting  matter  inamis- 
cellanerius  form." — Park. 

A  Journey  from  Edinburgh  through  parts  of  North 
Britain.  Lon.,  1S02,  2  vols.  4to. 

■'  This  work  unitt^s  pleasure,  information,  and  instruction,  while 
it  exhibits  a  model  to  the  tourist.  The  physical.  mi:>ral.  prditical, 
reIii,dons.  and  literary  state  of  the  Scotch  Metropolis  is  lu-re  truly 
exhibited."' 

Otlier  works. 

Campbell,  Alexander.     Piditical  tracts,  1806-17. 

Campbell,  Alexander.  History  of  Lcith,  Leith, 
1S24,  Svo. 

Campbell,  Rev.  Alexander,  b.  17S8,  at  Shaw's 
Castle,  county  of  Antrim,  Ireland,  during  many  years  a 
resident  in  America,  has  written  and  edited  the  following 
works:  Christian  Baptist;  7  vols.,  from  1S23  to  1829,  both 
inclusive.  Millennial  ILarbinger,  now  (lS5o)  iu  its  2Cth 
vol. ;  1st  No.  pull.  Jan..  ls3i).  Christian  System.  Chris- 
tian Baptism.  Christian  Hymn  Book.  Infidelity  refuted 
by  Infidels.  New  translation  of  the  Kew  Testamentj 
Pocket  and  Family  editions,  with  prefaces,  &c.  Debates 
with  Walker,  McCalla,  Owen,  Purcell,  and  Rice.  The 
Debate  between  Robert  Owen,  Esq.,  and  Alexander  Camp- 
bell, as  to  the  respective  merits  of  Socialism  and  Chris- 
tianity, Lon.,  Svo. 

"With  an  acute,  vigorous  mind,  quick  perceptions,  and  rapid 
powers  of  combination.  Air. Campbell  sorely  puzzled  his  antagonist, 
and  at  the  same  time  both  delighted  and  instructed  his  audience, 
by  his  masterly  defence  of  the  truth,  divine  origin,  and  inestimable 
importance  of  Christianity. " — Cincinnati  Chronich. 

Campbell,  Archibald,  Marquis  of  Argyle,  1598- 
1661.  Speeches.  Letters.  Answers,  Ac.  connected  with  his 
political  life  and  trial  for  High  Treason;  pub.  Lon..  1641, 
'46.  '48,  '52.  '61.     Instructions  to  a  Son.  Lon.,  UJSH,  12mo. 

Campbell,  Hon.  Archibald,  a  Scotch  Prelate,  con- 
secrated 1711,  at  Dundee,  wrote  several  theological  worka. 
The  Doctrines  of  a  Middle  State  between  Death  and  the 
Resurrection  ;  of  Prayers  for  the  Dead,  «tc.,  Lon.,  1713,  fol, 

"AH  Christians  believe  in  a  middle  state;  but  Bishop  Campbell's 
views  are  so  like  popery,  though  he  very  earnestly  disavows  it, 
that  very  few  it  is  presumed  out  of  Home  will  be  found  to  espouse 
them." — Orme. 

"  A  learned  work,  fending  to  Komanism,  but  with  useful  sug- 
gestions."— BiCKERSTETH. 

The  Necessity  of  Revelati<in,  Lon.,  1739,  Svo.  Recom- 
mended by  Bishop  Van  Mildcrt. 

Campbell,  Archibald,  D.D.,  Regius  Professor  of 
Divinity  and  Ecclcs.  Hist.,  University  of  St.  Andrew's.  The 
Authenticity  of  the  Gospel  History  Justified,  Edin.,  1759, 
2  vols.  Svo.     Other  thenlng.  treatises. 

Campbell,  Archibald.  Lexephoras,  Lon.,  1767, 
12mo.  Sale  of  Autliors,  in  iniit.  of  Luciau's  Sale  of  Phi- 
losophers, 1767.  12nio. 

Campbell,  Archibald.  A  Voyageround  the  World, 
1S06-12.  Edin..  ISIG,  Svo. 

'■lie  has  detailed  many  inti^restin^  particulars  of  the  manners 
and  custnnts  of  the  Sandwirh  Islanders." 

Canii)bell,  Maj.  Calder.  The  Palmer's  Last  Lea- 
son,  and  other  poems.  Lon.,  12mo,  1S3S.  Rough  Notes  of 
Rambles  Abroad.  3  vols.  p.  Svo,  1S47.  AVinter  Nights;  a 
Novel,  3  vols.  p.  Svo,  ISoO.  The  poetry  of  Major  Campbell 
has  been  deservedly  admired. 

Campbell,  Charles,  Traveller's  Guide  through  Bel- 
gium. Holland,  and  Germany,  ISIo,  12mo. 

Campbell,  Charles,  son  of  John  Wilson  Campbell, 
horn  1SU7.  at  Petersburg.  Va.,  grad.  Princeton  Coll..  1S25. 
The  Bland  Papers,  Svo,  iS40.  Introduction  to  the  History 
of  the  Colony  and  Ancient  Dominion  of  Virginia,  Svo, 
Richmond,  1847. 

"  This  is  a  succinct  outline  of  the  History  of  Virginia  from  the 
first  discovery  and  settlement  to  the  surrender  of  Lord  Cornwallis 
at  Yorktown  iu  1781." 

Con.  to  vSouthern  Lit.  Messenger  from  its  commencement. 

Campbell,  Lady  Charlotte.     See  Bury. 

Campbell,  Colin,  d.  1734.  Harris's  Voyages,  en- 
larc;ed,  Lon.,  1715,  2  vols.  fol.  Vitruvius  Britannicus,  Lon., 
1715,  '17,  '26,  '67,  71 ;  by  C.  C,  and  Wolfe,  and  Gandon. 
Hist,  of  the  Balearic  Islands,  1719,  Svo.  Con.  to  Phil. 
Trans..  1734. 

Campbell,  D.  Forbes,  Trans,  of  Thiers's  Histoi-y 
of  the  Consulate,  and  the  Empire  of  France  under  Napo- 
leon, Lon.,  1S45,  Ac.,  S  vols.  Svo.  Also  trans,  by  Redhead 
and  Stapleton.  Thiers's  Hist,  of  the  Revolution  has  been 
trans,  by  Redhead  and  Shoberl. 

Campbell,  I>avid,  M.D.  Typhus  Fever,  Lancaster, 
17S.5.  Svo. 

Campbell,  Donald,  (Carpenter,  StepheQ  Cul- 
len,  •i-r.)     A  .It>iirncy  Overland  to  India,  1795,  4to. 

*"lt  abounds  with  natural  reflections,  and  contains  the  travels 

331 


CAM 

but  point  out  the  prominent  parts  and  ciroumptanres  of  the  general 
subjtiitp,  with  interesting  remarlis." — Dr.  E.  \Villi.\ms. 

Lectures  on  the  Pastoral  Character;  edited  by  J.  Frazer, 
Lon.,  1811,  Svo. 

"  Worthy  of  the  pen  which  produced  the  Essay  on  the  Miracles." 

LOWXDES. 

Dr.  C.  also  pub.  a  number  of  Sermons,  1752,  71,  '76, 
'77,  '79.     Works  pub.  in  6  vols.  Svo,  1840. 

"The  writings  of  Professor  Campbell,  thoufih  not  distinguished 
for  a  rich  exhiliition  of  the  grace  of  the  gosiK-1.  are  manifestly  the 
works  of  an  upright,  conscientious  man."' — Bickeksteth. 

"  Had  Campbell  devoted  his  attention  to  mental  philosophy,  he 
could  have  done  all  that  Keid  or  Stewart  has  accomplished." — 
KORERT  lUl-L. 

Campbell,  Geo.,  of  Ptwkbridge.  Scrms.,Edin.,  1816. 
Campbell,  Hector,  M.D.     Med.  and  Polit.  works, 
Lon.,  18011,  '10,  '13. 

Campbell,  Sir  Hugh.  The  Lord's  Prayer,  Edin., 
1709,  Svo. 

Campbell,  Hugh,  LL.D.  The  Case  Mary  Q.  of  Scots, 
Ac,  from  the  State  Papcr.s  ttc,  Lon..  1S25,  Svo. 
Campbell,  Ivie.  Con.  to  Med.  Com.,  1785. 
Campbell,  J. Trade  to  Turkey  and  Italy,Lon.,1734,4vo. 
Campbell,J.,M.I).  Letter  to  his  Friend,Lon.,1746,8vo. 
Campbell,  Jacob,  1760-1788,  b.  in  Rhode  Island. 
Political  Essays. 

Campbell,  James.    Modern  Faulconry,  Edin.,  1773, 
Svo.     The  introduction  was  written  by  Rev.  Alex.  Gillies 
to  ridicule  Monboddo's  work  oi;  language. 
"Tilt-  aiconnt  of  hawking  is  fabulous." 
Campbell,  John.     Sec  Macuhe.  Johm. 
Campbell,  John,  Earl  of  London,  Lord-Chan- 
cellor of  Sccitlaud.     Speeches  pub.  11)41,  '45,  '46,  '48. 
,     ...  .  ,        Campbell,  John,  Lord,   b.  1779,  at   Springfield, 

tioner;  Pastor  of  Bancbory-Ternan,  1(50;  Minister  at  j.jj.^gjjj|.|.^  Scotland,  was  educated  at  St.  Andrew's,  and 
Aberdeen,  1756;  Princip.al  of  Marischal  College,  1769.  ^^Ugj  ^„  tij^  gar  by  the  Society  of  Lincoln's  Inn  in  1806. 
Dr.  Campbell  was  a  man  of  distinguished  learning  and  jj^  ijeei^mc  q.c.  in  1824;  Solicitor  CJeneral  and  a  Knight 
abilities.  .       .       |  Bachelor,  IS.'U ;  Attorney-General,  1834;  Lord  Chancellor 

A  Dissertation  on  Miracles,  containing  an  e.vamination     ^j.  j,.j.|_.,„,i^  jg^j.     On  the  retirement  of  Lord  Denham  he 
of  the  principles  advanced  by  David  Hume,  Ac.  Edin.,  '  ^^^  ^^^-^^  Chief  Justice  of  the  Queen's  Bench.     In  poUtics 


CAM 

of  the  writer's  mind,  together  with  his  bodily  peregrinations."— 
Lon.  Munthhj  Niview.  179.0. 

Letter  to  the  Marcjuis  of  Lon.  on  the  Present  Times, 
1798,  Svo. 

Campbell,  Dorothea  Primrose,  a  native  of  Ler-  , 
wick.  Shetland  Islands.   Poems,  Inverness,  1810,  Svo.    Miss 
C.  made  the  aciiuaintance  of  Sir  'Walter  Scott  during  his 
visit  to  the  Northern  Isles.     He  encouraged  her  literary 
aspirations,  and  she  pub.  the  above  volume,  which  is  dedi-  j 
cated  to  Sir  Walter. 

Campbell,  Duncan.  Time's  Telescope,  Lon.,  1734, 
Svo.  Tlio  Earth's  Groans,  1755,  Svo.  De  F(pc  pub.  in  1720, 
Svo,  The  Life  and  Adventures  of  Duncan  Campbell;  and 
Eliza  Haywood  pub.  in  1725,  Svo,  A  Collection  of  Stories 
relating  to  Duncan  Campbell. 

Campbell,  G.  L.  Expedition  to  St.  Augustine,  1744; 
this  was  Gen.  Oglethorpe's  expedition. 

Campbell,  George  John  Douglas,  Duke  of  Ar- 
gyll, b.  l.'<23,  ii  warm  advocate  of  the  princiiilcs  of  the 
Church  of  Scotland,  pub.  when  19  years  of  age,  A  Letter 
to  the  Peers,  from  a  Peer's  Son ;  this  relates  to  the  cele- 
brated Auchterarder  Case,  which  led  to  the  disruption  of 
the  Church  of  Scotland.  In  1848  his  Gr.ace  pub.  Presby- 
tery Examined,  iu  which  he  reviews  the  Ecclesiastical  His- 
tory of  Scotland  since  the  Reformation.  His  Grace  is  a 
man  of  extensive  attainments,  and  labours  zealously  for 
the  advancement  of  science  and  literature. 

Campbell,  George,  D.D.,  1719-1796,  a  native  of 
Aberdeen,  studied  at  Marischal  College,  and  afterwards 
applied  himself  to  the  study  of  Law.  Preferring  Divinity, 
he  qualified  himself  for  examination,  and  in  1746  received 
his  license  from  the  Presbytery  of  Aberdeen  as  a  proba- 


1762,  Svo;  1766,  '97,  1S12,  '23,  Ac     Trans,  into  French, 
Dutch,  and  German. 

"  It  contains  a  most  masterly  defence  of  the  evidence  arising 
from  miracles,  of  the  nature  of  the  testimony  by  which  they  are 
supported,  and  of  the  miracles  of  the  Gospel  themselves.  He  com- 
pletely unravelled  the  web  which  the  ingenious  adversary  of  Chris- 


his  lordship  is  a  Whig.  Reports,  Nisi  Prius,  1807-16,  Lon., 
1809-16,  4  vols.  r.  Svo.  These  volumes  should  accompany 
Espiniisso's  Reports,  1793-lSll,  6  vols.  Svo.  The  Reports 
are  continued  by  Starkie.  Ryan,  and  Moody.  Campbell's 
Reports  have  a  high  reputation.     They  were  repub.  in 


tianity  [Hume]  had  woven,  for  the   purpose  of  entangling  Its     Ne„  York,  1810-21,  4  vols.  bvo.      Letter  to  Lord  btanley, 


friends;  and  did  every  thing  but  extort  an  .aclinowledgment  from 
him  that  he  was  beaten  with  bis  own  weapons." — Orme. 

"  An  able  answer  to  Hume's  Essay  on  .Miracles."— lilcKEESTETH. 

"  Kiclily  deserving  repeated  perusal:  in  it  the  most  daring  and 
subtle  olijections  of  iutidels  are  analysed,  detected,  and  exposed, 
in  an  iuterestiug  and  masterly  manner." — DR.  ?.  Willi.<ms. 

Philosophy  of  Rhetoric,  Lon.,  1776,  i  vols.  Svo;  7th 
edit.,  1S23,  Svo. 

"  Its  utility  is  equal  to  its  depth  and  originality :  the  philosopher 
finds  in  it  exercise  for  his  ingenuity,  and  the  student  may  safely 
consult  it  for  its  practic:il  suggestions  and  illustrations." 

The  Four  Gospels,  trans,  from  the  Greek;  with  Disser- 
tations and  Notes  Critical  and  Explanatory,  Lon.,  1790,  2 
vols.  4to;  1807,  2  vols.  Svo;  3d  edit.,  Aberdeen,  1S14,  i 
vols.  Svo. 

"  A  re.al  tre,asure  of  theological  learning,  exact  criticism,  and 
sound  divinity;  it  has  given  me  more  inli.)rmation  in  regard  to 
Scriptural  kuowledge  than  all  the  other  books  I  ever  read."— 
BE-\ttie. 

"  It  is  impossible  to  bestow  too  high  commendation  on  this  v-alu- 
ablework.  It  is  perhaps  one  of  the  best  specimens  of  a  translation 
of  the  Scriptures  in  any  language.  To  accurate  and  extensive 
learning.  Dr.  Campbell  united  great  natural  acuteness,  and  deep 
philosophical  penetration.  .  .  .  His  sentiments  on  doctrinal  suiyects 
rarely  appear;  in  which  respect,  the  work  is  very  different  from 
that  of  his  contemporary,  Macknight,  to  wliom  he  was  very  supe- 
rior in  acuteness.  candour,  and  originality." — Orme. 

"  The  notes  which  accompany  it  form  an  excellent  philological 
commentary  on  the  four  Evangelists;  .and  the  Dissertations  are  a 
treasure  of  sacred  criticism." — T.  II.  IIorne. 

"  A  very  valu.able  work  for  critical  purposes."— Bickerstf.th. 

"  Much  valuable  information  in  the  style  of  judicious  criticism." 
— Da.  E.  Williams. 

Lectures  on  Systematic  Theology  and  Pulpit  Eloquence, 
Lon,,  1807,  Svo. 

'■  Contain  many  useful  hints  to  theological  students." — Dr.  E. 
Willi  \Ms. 

'■  Mueli  important  criticism." — Orme. 

"  Many  excellent  observ,ations." — Bickersteth. 
Lectures  on  Ecclesiastical  History,  Ac,  Lon.,  1800, 2  vols. 
8vo;  1813,  2  vols.  Svo;  Aberdeen.  1815,  2  vols.  Svo;  Lon.. 
1S40,  Svo.     Bishop  Skinner  answered  this  'work  in   his 
Primitive  Truth  and  Order  Vindicated,  Lon.,  1803,  Svo. 

"It  discovers  profound  and  accui-ate  research,  iudei>endence,  and 
impartiality,  and  contains  more  of  the  philosophy  of  Church  His- 
tory than  anv  other  book  in  the  English  language.  Considering 
the"  subject,  it  is  a  more  entertaining  book  than  might  have  been 
expected." — Orme. 

"Neither  Campbell  nor  Jortin  embrace  a  regular  series  of  facts; 
332 


Lon.,  1837,  Svo.  Speeches  at  the  Bar  and  House  of  Commons, 
Svo,  1842.  Lives  of  the  Lord  Chancellors  and  Keepers  of 
the  Great  Seal  of  England,  Lon.,  1845^8,  7  vols.  Svo;  4th 
ed.,  1857,  10  vols.  cr.  Svo. 

"  A  work  of  BterUng  merit,— one  of  very  great  labour,  of  richly- 
diversified  interest,  and,  we  arc  satisfied,  of  lasting  value  and  esti- 
mation. 'We  doubt  if  there  be  half  a  dozen  living  men  who  could 
produce  a  l!i"  'ra|ihical  .Series  on  such  a  scale  at  all  likely  to  com- 
mand so  miicli  apiilioHi-  from  the  candid  among  the  learned  as  wea 
as  from  tlie  curious  of  the  laity."— -ton.  Qiiar.  Bei:,  Dec.  1S47. 

"  Lord  Campbell  has  rendered  a  very  acceptable  service,  not  only 

to  the  leg.al  profession,  but  to  the  history  of  the  country,  by  the 

prepanition  of  this  important  and  elaborate  wor]i:'—Lnn.La>o  Bee. 

"  I  need  scarcely  advise  every  reader  to  consult  Lord  Campbell  8 

excellent  work."— Lord  Mac.4CI.it. 

Lives  of  the  Chief-Justices  of  England,  Lon,,  1S49,  2 
vols,  Svo,  vol.  ill.,  1857.     Sec  Edin.  Rev.,  Oct.  1857. 

"  In  the  Lives  of  the  Chief  Justices  there  is  a  fund  both  of  in- 
teresting infnrm.ation  and  valuable  mjitter,  which  renders  the  book 
well  worthy  of  perusal  bv  every  one  who  desires  to  attain  an  ao 
quaintance  with  the  constitutional  history  of  his  country,  or  .as- 
pires to  the  rank  of  either  a  statesman  or  a  lawyer." — BriUmnia. 
"There  is.  indeed,  in  Lord  Campbell's  works  much  instruction; 
his  subjects  h.ave  been  so  happily  .selected,  that  it  was  scarcely 
possible  that  there  should  not  be.  An  eminent  lawyer  and  states- 
man could  not  write  the  lives  of  great  statesmen  and  lawyers 
without  interweaving  curious  information,  and  suggesting  valu- 
able principles  of  iudgment.  and  useful  practical  maxims;  but  it 
is  not  for  these  that  his  works  will  be  read.  Their  principal  merit 
is  their  easy,  animated  flow  of  interesting  narrative.  No  one  pos- 
sesses better  than  Lord  Campbell  the  art  of  telling  a  story ;  of 
passing  over  what  is  commonplace;  of  merely  suggesting  what 
m.ay  lie  inferred ;  of  explaining  what  is  obscure,  and  of  placing  in 
strong  light  the  details  of  what  is  interesting."- -Brfiji.  Beview. 

Campbell,  John,  LL.D.,  1708-1775,  a  native  if 
Edinburgh,  was  a  voluminous  Historical,  Biographical, 
and  Political  writer.  We  notice  a  few  of  his  works,  a  list 
of  which  will  be  found  in  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit.  Military 
Hist,  of  Prince  Eugene  and  the  Duke  of  Marlborough, 
Lon.,  1736,  2  vols.  fol.  Lives  of  British  Admirals  and 
other  eminent  Seamen,  Lon..  1742-44,  4  vols.  Svo  ;  3  edits, 
in  the  author's  lifetime  ;  4th  edit.,  with  a  continuation  by 
Dr.  Berkenhout  to  1779,  S  vols.  r.  Svo;  continued  by  H. 
R.  Yorke  and  W.  Stevenson,  (to  1812,)  Lon.,  1812-17,  8 
vols.  r.  8vo.  Severely  criticized  in  the  United  Service 
Journal,  1842,  '43.  Voyages  and  travels,  from  Columbus 
to  Ansoii,  Lon.,  1744,  2  vols.  fol.     This  is  a  great  improve- 


CAM 

ment  on  Harris's  Collection.  1702.  '05,  8vo.  The  Present 
State  of  Europe,  1750,  Svo ;  many  edits.  Highlands  of 
Scotland,  1751,  Svo.  New  Sugar  Islands  in  the  West  In- 
dies, Svo.  Trade  of  Great  Britain  to  America,  1772,  4to. 
A  Political  Survey  of  Great  Britain,  Lon.,  1774, 2  vols.  r.4to. 

"A  most  judiciousand  most  useful  work."— BiWWfera  Parriana 

"This  is  a  work  of  iuestimalili.  value  to  those  who  wish  to  un 
derstand  the  best  means  of  promoting  the  prosperity  of  their  native 
country." — Kelt's  Intrnduc.  to  Us-ful  Books. 

•■  It  disappointed  the  out.lic,  nor  can  it  be  considered  as  a  safe 
guide  in  affording  that  knowledge  its  title  would  assume." 

"This  is  a  work  of  great  Labour  and  research;  but  it  is  ill  ai^ 
ranged,  overlaid  with  details,  tedious,  and  of  little  practical  value  " 
—McCullorh's  Lit.  rif  roUt.  Ecmimnij. 

Dr.  C.  was  a  large  and  valuable  contributor  to  the  An- 
cient Universal  History.  Sec  Boswell's  Life  of  Johnson, 
The  Jlodern  Universal  History,  and  the  Biographia  Bri- 
tannica. 

"I  think  highly  of  Campbell.  In  the  first  place,  he  has  verv 
good  parts.  In  the  second  place,  he  has  ver^-  extensive  reading"- 
not,  perhaps,  what  is  properly  called  learning,  but  history,  politics, 
aud,  in  short,  that  popular  knowledge  which  makes  a'mau  verv 
useful." — Dr.  Johnson.  ^ 

Campbell,  John.  History  of  the  Old  Testament 
1731,  2  vols.  fol. 

"I  have  applied  myself  so  clcsely  to  this  history  of  the  Penta- 
teuch, as.  in  sixteen  months,  not  to  have  stirred  more  than  a  hun- 
dred yards  from  home,  above  ten  times  at  most."— Pre/ace. 

Campbell,  Rev.  John,  1766-1.840,  h.  in  Edinburgh. 
He  was  the  founder  and  for  eighteen  years  the  editor 
of  The  Youth's  Magazine.  In  182.1  he  established  the 
Teacher's  Offering,  which  is  still  pub.  by  the  London  Tr.act 
Society.  Travels  in  South  Africa,  undertaken  at  the  re- 
quest of  the  Missionary  Society,  1815,  Svo.  Second  Jour- 
ney, 1822,  2  vols.  8to. 

--Mr.  C.ampbcll.  by  his  Travels,  has  considcr.iblv  enlarged  the 
sphere  of  our  knowledge  of  .*,5uthcrn  Africa."- ion.  'Quar  Kfv 

'CampbeU  penetr.ited  further  than  La  Trobe  or  Lichtenstein,  and 
discovered  some  populous  tribes  and  large  towns.  La  Trobe's  is 
the  most  interesting  narrative." — Stevenson. 

Campbell  was  the  first  to  penetrate  beyond  Lattakoo, 
the  capital  of  the  Boshuana  tribe  of  the  Matchapins.  He 
pub.  some  other  works.  Life,  Times,  and  Miss.  Enter- 
prises of  Rev.  John  Campbell,  by  Robert  Philip,  Lon., 
18-il,  8vo. 

Campbell,  John.  Worlds  Displayed:  for  Touno- 
People.  " 

'■Twenty  years  ago  I  had  met  with  eight  ministers,  and  more 
ministers  wives,  who  had  been  converted  by  reading  that  book." 
— Author  s  MS.  ° 

Campbell,  John,  D.D.  Jethro;  Essay  on  Lay  Agency, 
p.  Svo.  The  Martyr  of  Erromanga;  or  the  Philosophy  of 
Missions;  illustrated  from  the  Labours.  Death,  and  Cha- 
racter of  the  late  Rev.  John  Williams,  2d  edit..  Lon  1842 
12mo;  3ded.,  1843,  Svo.  •,  io*i, 

"Never  before  has  Missionary  enterprise  been  placed  in  such  a 
ranety  of  commanding  and  all-absorbing  aspects."— ZOT.£-canprf, 

Memoirs  of  Daniel  Nasmith. 

'■  We  wish  the  book  a  place  in  every  library,  in  every  family,  in 
e^ery  hij^H."— Glasgow  Examiner.  "J< '" 

Campbell,  John,  of  Carbrook.  Letter  to  Sir  Henry 
Parnel.  on  the  Corn  Laws,  1S14.  Con.  to  Ann.  Philos  on 
the  Tide:  Vegetat>lcs;  Vision,  1814,  '16,  '17.  Observa- 
tions on  Modern  Education.  Edin.,  182.3,  12mo. 

Campbell,  John.  The  Stafford  Peerage".Lori.,1818  4to 

nu^i!*'"';'""i,'.'  •'°''"  ^•'  ''•  "^*'  •■'K'^'l  J6.  a  minister  at 
thlllicothe,  Ohio.  Doctrine  of  Justification  Considered 
Strictures  on  Stone's  Letters,  1805.  Vindcx,  in  answer  to 
Stone  s  Reply,  1806.  He  left  a  MS.  History  of  the  Western 
Country. 

Campbell,  John  Wilson,  b.  in  Virginhi.  For  thirty 
years  a  bookseller  in  Petersburg,  Va.  History  of  Yir 
ginia.  181.'!.  ■^ 

Campbell,  Juliet  H.  L.,  a  daughterof  Judge  Lewis 

?  i/rr^  ,?"'?'  """^  •■'  "'""■'=  "'■  "'»'  State,  was  married 
in  184.3  to  Mr.  James  H.  Campbell.  She  resides  in  Potts 
viUe,  Pennsylvania.  She  gave  early  indications  of  poetical 
talent,  and  has  contributed  many  pieces  both  in  prose  and 
verse  to  periodicals.  The  stanzas  entitled  A  Story  of  Sun- 
rise posse's  considerable  merit. 

Campbell,  Lawrence  Dundas.  India  Observer, 
Ac.  See  BovD,  Hugh.  Reply  to  the  Strictures  of  the 
Edm.  Review  relative  to  Marquis  Wellesley's  administra- 
tion, ic.  Lon.,  1807.    AsiaticAnnual  Register,  1809  8  vols 

Campbell,  Peter.     Forms  of  Procedure  in  a  Process 
of  Cessio  Bonornm,  2d  edit..  Edin.,  1837   lOmo 
De'btor'^s'ut''"'''  ""''"'''''  '°'"  *'"'  decisions  under  the  Insolvent 

'■  No  practitioner  onght  to  be  without  this  little  Manual,  and  to 
l.^  «™>1'°K  community  at  large  it  will  be  found  of  great  advan- 
tage. — IvTt/t  Advertiser. 


CAM 

Campbell,  R.     London  Tradesman,  Lon.,  1747,  Svo. 

Campbell,  Robert.  Life  of  the  Duke  of  Argyle, 
Lon..  1745.  ''■'    ' 

Campbell,  Robert.  Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  account  of 
a  man  who  lived  IS  years  on  water.  1742. 

Campbell,  Thomas,  LL.D.  Survey  of  the  South 
of  Ireland.  1777,  Svo.  Sermon,  17S0,  4to.  Strictures  on 
the  Ecclesiastical  and  Literary  History  of  Ireland,  Dubl. 
17S9,  Svo.  '' 

"  A  well  written  and  ingenious  work." 

Campbell,  Thomas,  1777-1844,  a  native  of  Glasgow, 
was  educated  at  the  University  of  that  city,  where  he  was 
distinguished  for  his  proficiency  in  classical  studies.  In 
1799  he  pub.  The  Pleasures  of  Hojie,  Edin.,  12mo,  dedi- 
cated to  Dr.  Anderson.  Four  editions  were  called  for 
within  a  year.  He  had  sold  the  copyright  to  Mr.  Mundell 
for  £21,  but  the  generous  bookseller  g,ave  the  author  £50 
for  each  succeeding  edition.  Campbell  now  visited  the 
Continent,  and  from  the  mon.astery  of  St.  Jacob  witnessed 
the  battle  of  Hohenlinden,  Dec.  3,  1800.  Ho  has  com- 
memorated the  dreadful  spectacle  in  lines  which  will  never 
be  forgotten.  At  Hamburg,  in  1801,  he  competed  The 
E.\ile  of  Erin,  and  Ye  Mariners  of  England.  Returning 
home,  he  resided  for  upwards  of  a  year  in  Edinburgh, 
where  he  wrote  Lochiel's  Warning,  which  Sir  Walter  Sc'tt 
heard  read,  read  it  himself,  and  then  repeated  the  whole 
from  memory.  In  1S03  he  pub.  in  London  an  edition  of 
his  poems  in  4to.  In  this  year  he  was  married  to  Miss 
Martha  Sinclair,  of  Edinburgh,  and  settled  at  Sydenham, 
in  Kent.  In  1806  he  pub.  Annals  of  Great  Britain  from 
the  Accession  of  George  IIL  to  the  Peace  of  Amiens.  In 
1805  his  means  had  been  increased  by  a  pension  of  £200 
per  annum.  In  1809  appeared  Gertrude  of  AVyoming,  a 
Pennsylvanian  Tale,  (and  other  Poems.)  which  confirmed 
his  poetical  reputation.  In  1818  he  again  visited  Germany. 
In  1SI9  he  pub.  his  Specimens  of  the  British  Poets,  with 
biographical  and  critical  notices,  and  an  Essay  on  En^-lish 
Poetry,  7  vols.  Svo;  1S41,  '45,  '4S.  ° 

"In  the  Biographies,  the  Kditor  has  e.xerted  the  main  part  of 
his  strength  on  the  M,rits  and  Writings  of  each  /b,(asan  Author 
with  an  intention  to  form  A  Complete  Eodv  of  English  PoEiiCiL 
Cbiticism." 

"Rich  in  exquisite  examples  of  English  Poetry,  and  suggestions 
of  delightful  thoughts  beyond  any  volume  in  the  langua.'e  "— 
Lon.  Alias.  " 

•■  ■JVe  are  very  glad  to  see  Mr.  Campbell  in  any  way.  and  we 
tbink  the  work  which  he  has  now  given  us  very  excellent  and  de- 
lightful. — Edtn.  Reviiiw. 

The  Selections  however  are  not  the  best  "Specimens" of 
the  authors.  From  1810-20  he  edited  The  Kew  Monthly 
Magazine,  to  which  he  contributed  many  beautiful  poems: 
of  these,  perhaps.  The  Last  Man  has  been  most  admired! 
In  1820  he  delivered  a  course  of  Lectures  on  Poetry  at 
the  Surrey  Institution.  In  1824  appeared  Theodoric  and 
other  Poems.  In  1S27  he  was  elected  Lord  Rector  of  the 
University  of  Glasgow.  The  dignified  Lord  Rector  com- 
menced his  duties  as  follows: 

"It  was  deep  snow  when  he  reached  the  College-green,  the  stu- 
dents were  drawn  up  in  parties,  pelting  one  another :  the  poet  ran 
into  the  ranks,  threw  several  snow-balls  with  unerring  aim  then 
summoning  the  scholars  around  him  in  the  hall,  delivered  a  speech 
replete  with  philosophy  and  elociucnce.  It  is  needless  to  say  how 
it  was  received. '— All.i-n  Cdn.ni.voh.im. 

In  1830  ho  started  the  Metropolitan  Magazine,  to 
which  Thomas  Moore  occasionally  contributed.  It  subse- 
quently fell  into  the  hands  of  Captain  Marryat.  In  1834 
he  pub.  the  Life  of  Mrs.  Siddons,  2  vols.  Svo. 

In  his  letters  from  the  South,  1837,  2  vols.  Svo,  or  A 
Poet's  Residence  in  Algiers,  1845,  2  vols.  Svo,  originally 
pub.  m  The  New  Monthly  Magazine,  we  have  an  enter- 
taining picture  of  scenes  which  produced  a  deep  impression 
on  the  writer. 

"These  admirable  letters  furnish  us  with  by  far  the  most  inte- 
resting and  picturesque  sketches  of  Algiers  and  the  adjacent  dis- 
tricts that  we  have  yet  met  with."- ion.  Sun. 

■■  A  most  remarkable  and  interesting  hook."— John  Bull. 

The  Life  and  Times  of  Petrarch,  2  vols.  Svo,  1841. 

'•The  standard  life  of  Petrarch.  The  fortunes  and  career  of  the 
poet  are  traced  with  admirable  distinctness;  his  devoted  passion 
lor  Laura  is  finely  developed  and  characterized:  and  his  poetical 
character  is  analyzed  and  estimated  with  .all  the  power  of  a  kindred 
genius.  This  work  must  take  its  place  in  our  libraries  .as  one  of 
the  most  interesting  and  unportant  historical  works  of  our  time" 
— Lfm.  Alhena'um. 

'■The  standard  work  of  reference,  to  which  after  ages  will  anneal  " 
— (ymrl  Journal.  et"^*". 

Frederick  the  Great,  his  Court  and  Times,  4  vols  8yo 
1843:  new  edition,  2  vols.  Svo,  1844.    Ed.  by  T  C     '        ' 

"7}t  Tu''"'  ^V'*'  '"'^  *'"'  honour  of  being  introduced  to  the 
world  by  the  author  of  Hohenlinden.  is  not  unworthy  of  so  di  * 
-T."b   mI'^u  lYr™'    "  '^ '"'  e'tceedingly  amusing  cohipilation.'- 

"Those  Uemohs  are  of  peculiar  value  m  the  light  they  throw 

333 


CAM 


CAN 


on  the  conciition  and  fortunes  of  the  masses  oyer  whom  Frederick 
ruled." — Ltm.  A(hen(Eum. 

'•  This  '  Life  of  Frederick  the  Great'  will  become  a  standard  work 
iu  the  liliraries  of  Engliind." — Scotstiuni. 

TJie  Pilgrim  of  Glencoe,  and  other  poems,  1S42.  A 
Life  of  Sbukspeare.  In  1843  Mr.  Campbell  visited  Bou- 
logne, accompanied  by  his  niece,  for  the  benefit  of  his 
health,  and  resided  there  until  his  death,  June  16th,  1844. 
He  lies  in  Westminster  Abbey.  His  friend  Dr.  William 
Beattie  was  with  him  in  the  "  inevitable  hour,"  and  has  fa- 
voured the  world  with  his  life  and  letters,  3  vols.  p.  Svo,184S. 

"  The  Pleasures  of  Hope,  a  poem  dear  to  every  reader  of  poetry, 
bore,  amidst  many  beauties,  the  marks  of  a  juvenile  composition, 
and  received  from  the  public  the  indulgence  due  to  a  promise  of 
future  excellence.  Some  license  was  also  allowed  for  the  didactic 
nature  of  the  subject,  which,  prescribiu-:;  no  formal  plan,  left  the 
poet  free  to  indulge  his  fiincy  in  excursions  as  irrejiular  as  they 
are  elegant  and  animated.  It  is  a  consequence  of  both  these  cir- 
cumstances that  the  poem  presents  iu  some  degree  the  appearance 
of  an  unfinished  picture.  .  .  .  The  merits  and  defects  of  Gertrude 
of  Wyomiug  have  this  marked  singularity,  that  the  latter  intrude 
upon  us  at  the  very  first  reading,  whereas,  after  repe-ated  perusals, 
we  perceive  beauties  which  had  previously  escaped  our  notice." — 
Lon.  Quarterly  Beview,  i.  241. 

*'  We  rejoice  to  see  onco  more  a  polished  aud  pathetic  poem  in 
the  old  style  of  English  pathos  aud  poetry.  This  [Gertrude  of 
"Wyomimi]  is  of  the  pit<!h  of  the  Castle  of  Indolence,  and  tlie  finer 
parts  of  Spenser;  with  more  feeling,  iu  many  places,  than  the  first, 
and  more  coudensation  and  diligent  finishing  than  the  latter.  If 
the  true  tone  of  nature  be  not  everywhere  maintained.  It  gives 
place,  at  least,  to  art  only,  and  not  to  affectation— and,  least  of  all, 
to  affectation  of  singularity  or  rudeness.  .  .  .  There  are  but  two 
noble  sorts  of  poetry— the  pathetic,  and  the  sublime ;  and  we  think 
he  has  given  us  very  extraordinary  proofs  of  his  talents  for  both." 
^LoRD  Jeffrey  :  Rlin.  Rwiew,  xiv.  1. 

"  I  do  not  think  I  overrate  the  merits  of  the  '  Pleasures  of  Hope,' 
whether  taking  it  iu  its  parts,  or  as  a  whole,  iu  preferring  it  to  any 
didactic  poem  of  equal  length  in  the  English  language.  No  poet, 
at  such  an  age,  ever  produced  such  an  exquisite  specimen  of  poeti- 
cal mastery— that  is,  of  fine  conception  and  of  high  art  combined. 
Sentiments  tender,  energetic,  impassioned,  eloquent  and  majestic, 
are  conveyed  to  the  readeriu  the  tones  of  a  music  forever  varied — 
Einking  or  swelling  like  the  harmonies  of  an  ^^olian  lyre — yet  ever 
delightful;  and  these  are  illustrated  by  pictures  from  ronumce, 
history,  or  domestic  life,  replete  with  power  and  beauty.  It  is  a 
long  fit  of  inspiiation— a  checkered  melody  of  tran.scendent  excel- 
lence: passage  after  passage  presenting  only  an  ever-varying  and 
varied  tissue  of  whatever  is  beautiful  and  sublime  in  the  soul  of 
men  and  the  aspects  of  nature.  .  .  .  The  greatest  effort  of  Camp- 
bell's genius,  however,  was  his  '  Gertrude  of  Wyoming,'  nor  is  it 
ever  likely  to  be  excelled  in  its  own  peculiar  style  of  excellence. 
It  is  superior  to  'The  Plea.sures  of  Hope'  in  the  only  one  thing  in 
■which  that  poem  could  be  surpassed— purity  of  diction;  while  in 
pathos,  and  in  imaginative  power,  it  is  no  whit  inferior." — Moir's 
Poet.  Lit.  of  Past  Hiilf-Cintiiri/. 

"  The  Pleasures  of  Hope  is  one  of  the  most  beautiful  didactic 
poems  in  our  language." — Lord  Bvron. 

Much  disappointment  was  felt  that  Campbell  did  not 
give  more  to  the  world  than  the  few  compositions  which 
evinced  the  possession  of  such  exalted  poetical  genius. 

"  What  a  pity  it  is,"  said  Sir  Walter  Scott  to  ^Vashington  Irving, 
*'that  Campbell  does  not  write  oftener,  and  give  full  sweep  to  his 
genius!  He  has  wings  that  would  bear  him  to  the  skies,  and  he 
does,  now  and  then,  spread  them  grandly,  but  folds  them  up  again 
and  resumes  bis  perch,  as  if  he  was  afiaid  to  launch  them.  The 
fact  is,  Campbell  is.  in  a  manner,  a  bugbe,ar  to  himself;  the  bright- 
ness of  his  early  success  is  a  detriment  to  all  his  after  efforts.  He 
is  afraid  of  the  shadow  thiii  his  oicn  fame  cast  liefun'.  )tim."' 

Campbell,  William,  D.D.  Serra.,  Belfast,  1774, 
8vo.  Vindication  of  the  Presbyterians  in  Ireland.  3d  edit., 
Lon..  1786,  8vo.  Exam,  of  the  Bp.  of  Cloyue's  Defence  of 
his  Principles,  17SS,  Svo. 

Campbell,  William.    Value  of  Annuities,  1810,  Svo. 

Campbell,  William,  12  years  resident  in  India  as 
a  niissiunary.  British  India,  in  it.s  Relation  to  the  De- 
cline of  Hindooism,  and  the  Progress  of  Christianity, 
Lon.,  Svo,  1839. 

"The  Raugalore  missionary  has  produced  a  volume  of  extraor- 
dinary interest." — Lrm.  Patriot. 

'■A  vulnme  uf  great  interest  and  worth."— U</(t'/imon. 

Campbell,  William  W.,  b.  1806.  Cherry  Valley, 
Otsego  county.  New  York.  His  ancestors  settled  there  in 
1740,  and  some  of  them  took  an  active  part  in  the  OUl 
French  and  Revolutionary  Wars.  Judge  C.  grad.  at  Union 
Culloge,  1827.  1.  Border  Wars  of  New  York;  or,  Annalsof 
Tryou  County,  N.Y.,  1831.  Svo;  new  cd.,  revised,  entitled 
Border  Warfare,  N.Y.,  1849,  12mo.  2.  Life  and  Writings 
of  De  Witt  Clinton,  1849,  Svo.  3.  Sketches  of  Robin 
Hood  and  Captain  Kidd,  1853,  12mo.  4.  Life  of  Mrs. 
Grant.  Missionary  to  Per.'^ia,  1S40.  12mo. 

Campion,  Abraham,  entered  of  Trinity  College, 
Oxfnrd.  about  1656.     Sermons.  1694.  1700. 

Campion,  or  Campian,  Edmond,  1540-1581,  a 
zealous  champion  of  the  Roman  Catholic  religion,  was 
hanged  and  quartered  with  other  Romish  priests  for  high 
treason.  Nine  Articles  directed  to  the  Lords  of  the  Privy 
Council,  1581.  The  History  of  Ireland ;  pub.  by  Sir  James 
Ware,  Dubl.,  1633,  fol.  See  Bp.  Nicolson's  Irish  Hist.  Lib. 
331 


C-hjonologia  Universalis.  Conferences  in  the  Tower, 
1583,  4to.  Rationes  decern,  Ac.  1581.  See  Campbell's 
Ten  Reasons  for  embracing  the  Catholic  Faith,  by  the  Rev. 
Dr.  Fletcher,  Svo.  Imitatione  Rhetorica,  1631.  Other 
works.     See  Lowndes's  Bib.  Manual. 

His  life  was  written  by  Paul  Bombino,  a  Jesuit:  best 
edit.,  Mantua,  1620,  Svo. 

'*  lie  was  a  rare  dark,  upright  in  conscience,  deep  in  judgment, 
and  ripe  in  eloquence." — H.  Stainhcrst. 

"  All  writers,  whether  Protestant  or  Popish,  say  that  he  was  a 
man  of  most  admirable  parts,  an  elegant  orator,  a  subtle  phi- 
losopher and  disputant,  and  an  exact  preacher,  whether  in  Kng- 
lish  or  Latin  tongue,  of  a  sweet  disposition,  and  a  well-polished 
man." — Atlien.  Oxoji. 

"  He  was  detected  in  treasonable  practices:  and,  being  put  to 
the  rack,  and  confessing  his  guilt,  he  was  publicly  executed.  His 
execution  was  ordered  at  the  very  time  when  the  Duke  of  Anjou 
was  in  England,  and  prosecuted  with  the  greatest  appearance  of 
success,  his  marriage  with  the  queen  ;  and  this  Severity  was  pro- 
bably intended  to  appease  her  I'rotestant  subjects,  and  to  satisfy 
them  that,  whatever  measures  she  might  pursue,  she  never  would 
depart  from  the  principles  of  the  Reformat  ion." — Hdme. 

Campion,  Thomas,  styled  by  his  contemporaries, 
for  his  musical  and  poetical  talents,  "  Sweet  Maister  Cam- 
pion," appears  to  have  been  admitted  a  member  of  Gray'a 
Inn  in  1586.  AVe  have  no  particulars  of  his  life  or  family. 
Observations  on  the  Art  of  English  Poesie.  This  gave 
rise  to  Daniel's  Defence  of  Rhyme.  Relation  of  the  Enter- 
tainment made  for  Queen  Anne,  Lon.,  1613,  4to.  Masque, 
Lon..  1614.  4to.     Other  pieces. 

Camplin,  John*     Sermons,  1766,  '77,  4to. 

Canaries,  James,  of  Selkirk.     Discourses,  1684,  '88. 

Canceller,  James.     Tbeolog.  treatises,  1576,  Ac. 

Candidins,  George.  Account  of  the  Island  of  For- 
mosa: See  ('burchill's  Voyages,  i.  503,  1704. 

Candidiis.     See  White,  Thomas. 

Candish,  Thomas.  Itinerarium  Indicam,  Francf., 
15'.»<f,  fol.  Diaphonta.  or  Three  Attendants  on  Fiat  Lus, 
1665,  Svo.  Account  of  Dr.  Stillingfleet's  late  Book  against 
the  Church  of  Rome,  1672.  8vo. 

Candlish,  Robert  S.,  a  popular  Scotch  preacher, 
and  one  of  the  leaders  of  the  "Nun-intrusion"  party  at 
the  time  of  the  division  of  the  Scottish  Church,  has  pub.  a 
Summary  of  the  Question  respecting  the  Church  of  Scot- 
land, &.C.,  Edin.,  1841,  8vo,  pp.  32.  Narrative,  &c.,  Svo, 
pp.  40.  Exposition  of  the  Book  of  Genesis,  Edin.,  1852, 
2  vols.  12mo.  The  Cross  of  Christ.  Scripture  Characters, 
&c.  4  Letters  to  Rev.  E.  B.  Elliot.  John  Knox,  his  Times 
and  his  AVorks  ;  a  Discourse,  1846. 

"  We  can  very  cnrdially  commend  this  discourse  as  one  of  inte- 
rest and  excellence." — UjiiV'rse. 

Cane,  Henry.     Ilort.  Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1720. 
Cauc,  John  Vincent,  d.  1672,  a  Friar  of  the  order 

of  St.  Francis,  lived  principally  in  London.  Fiat  Lux, 
1661,  Svo;  2d  edit,  enlarged,  1662,  Svo. 

"  The  inference  to  be  drawn  from  its  miscellaneous  discussions 
is.  that  the  only  remedy  for  all  existing  evils  and  differences  is 
returning  to  the  bosom  of  an  infallible  church.  Rome  alone  is 
tara  ftrina,  and  all  is  sea  beside." — 0>'ni''.''s  Life  of  Oicrn. 

Answered  by  Dr.  John  Owen,  Lou.,  1662,  and  by  Dr. 
Whitby.  Oxon..  1666.  The  Diaphonta  of  Thomas  Cand- 
ish,  nnticed  above,  was  elicited  by  Fiat  Lux. 

Caner,  Henry,  1700-1792.  a  minister  at  King's  Cha- 
pel, Bo.^ton,  graduated  at  Yale  College,  1724;  he  pub, 
several  sermons.  1751,  '5S,  '61,  *63,  '64,  '65. 

Canfield,  Francesca  Anna,  180.3-1823,  a  native 
of  Philadelphia,  was  a  daughter  of  Dr.  Felix  Pascalis,  an 
Italian  physician.  She  was  distinguished  for  her  know- 
ledge of  languages,  and  the  excellence  of  her  poetical 
pieces,  many  of  which  were  pub.  iu  the  periodicals.  See 
Griswold's  Female  Poets  of  America. 

Canfield,  Henry  Jndson,  b.  1789  in  Conn.  Trea- 
tise on  Sheep.  Coutrib.  to  Ohio  Cultivator,  Amer.  Agri- 
culturist, &c. 

Canham,  V,     Serm.,  1711,  4to. 

Canue,  John,  a  leader  of  the  English  Brownists  at 
Amsterdam.  Neee.-rsity  of  Separation  from  the  Church 
of  England,  Lon.,  1634,  fol.  He  pub.  other  works,  but  is 
best  known  by  his  edition  of  the  Bible  with  marginal 
notes,  showing  Scripture  to  be  the  best  Interpreter  of 
Stripture,  Amst.,  1664,  Svo;  vei-y  rare;  often  reprinted. 
The  Edin.  edit.,  1727,  Svo,  is  preferred  by  some. 

'■  The  marginal  references  of  Canne  are  generally  very  judicious. 
They  still  retain  a  considerable  repufatii'n.  tliuii-rh  most  of  the 
latter  editions  which  pass  under  the  name  of  ('anne'.s  Bible  are 
full  of  errors,  and  crowded  with  references  which  do  not  belong  to 
the  original  author.  Canne  wrote  a  number  of  controversial 
pieces,  some  of  which  are  very  curious,  and  all  of  them  exceed- 
ingly scarce." — Orme. 

Canne,  John.  Evangelical  Hist,  of  the  Bible,  Lon., 
1766. 

Cannell,  Joseph.     Serm.,  1708,  4to. 


CAN 


CAP 


Canning,  George,  of  the  Middle  Temple,  d.  1771, 
father  *•!"  tliu  lit.  Ilttn.  George  Canning.  A  Trans,  of  Anti- 
Lucretius,  Lun..  1766,  4to.     Puems,  1767,  4to. 

•■We  f».>iin  no  very  favourable  opiuion  of  this  translation; — we 
find  a  want  of  precision; — we  obst-rve  a  diffusiveness  in  the  ex- 
pression, which  rather  enfeebles  than  illustrates  the  author,  and 
gives  him  a  redundancy  of  sentiment  with  which  he  is  not  charge- 
able. .  .  .  The  introductoiy  address  in  the  volume  of  P<H'ms  has. 
in  our  opinion,  much  poetical  merit." — Lnn.  MuniUhj  Review.  1707. 

Appeal  to  the  PuMie  from  the  Critioal  Review,  1767, 
8vo.    Offering  to  a  Young  Lady  from  her  Lover,  1770,  4to. 

Canning,  George,  1770-1S27,  the  son  of  the  pre- 
ceding, was  only  one  year  old  wlien  his  father  died  of  a 
broken  heart,  after  unavailing  efforts  to  procure  a  comfort- 
able livelihood.  ]\Irs.  Canning  established  a  small  school, 
and  subsequently  tried  her  fortune  on  the  stage,  where  she 
was  not  succe.-^sful.  George  was  educated  at  Etfin,  and  at 
Christ  Church.  Oxford,  and  distinguished  himself  by  his 
application  and  uncommon  talents.  In  1793  he  entered 
Parliament,  as  member  for  Newport  in  the  Isle  of  Wight, 
and  in  1796  was  appointed  under  Secretary  of  State. 
When  the  Marquis  of  Hastings  was  recalled  from  India, 
Canning  was  appointed  (yovernor  General;  but  the  death 
of  the  Marquis  of  Londonderry,  August  12,  1S22,  altered 
this  arrangement,  and  Mr.  Canning  was  appointed  Secre- 
tary for  Foreign  Atiairs.  He  was  actively  engaged  in  pub- 
lic life  for  nearly  3^  years,  11  of  which  were  spent  in  con- 
nection with  Jlr.  Pitt.  As  an  orator  Mr.  Canning's  abilities 
were  of  the  first  order. 

'■  Among  our  own  orators  Mr.  Canninj;  seems  to  he  the  best  mo- 
del  of  the  adorned  style.  In  some  (luiilities  of  style  he  surpassed 
Mr.  Pitt.  His  dii-tion  was  more  vaiious.  sometimes  more  simple, 
more  idiomatical,  even  in  its  more  elevated  parts.  It  sparkled 
■with  ima.sery.  and  was  bri;j:htened  by  illustration:  in  both  of 
which  Mr,  l*itt,  for  so  great  an  orator,  was  defective." — Sir  J.a.mes 
Mackintosh. 

His  Speeches,  revised  and  corrected  by  himself,  with  a 
Memoir  of  his  Life,  by  R.  Therry,  have  been  pub.  in 
6  vols.  Svo,  Lon.,  1S28. 

-  A  work  which  is  destined  to  convey  to  posterity  the  remains 
of  his  splendid  talents  as  an  oratnr;  tn  exhibit  his  principles  as  a 
statesman;  and  to  shew  with  what  eneriiy  and  success  he  carried 
those  principles  into  execution  as  a  Minister  of  the  Crown." — Mr. 
Hiiskisi^mi'!i  Letter. 

'•  An  excellent  and  valuable  edition  of  Mr.  Canning's  Speeches." 
— ion.  Times. 

"It  is  the  noblest  literary  memorial  that  can  be  preserved  of 
him."' — Ltm.  Lih'rary  Gazette. 

Messrs.  Bell,  Styles,  and  Rede  have  each  pub.  a  Life  of 
l\Ir.  Canning,  and  one  has  been  given  to  the  world  by  his 
private  secretary,  Mr.  Stapleton. 

'■A  book  which  ouirht  to  be  in  everybody's  hands  who  wishes 
to  understand  the  foreign  policy  of  this  country  from  1822  to 
1S27." — Lon.  Tinu's. 

His  famous  speech  on  the  Silk  Trade  in  1826  will  be 
found  in  a  volume  of  the  speeches  made  on  that  subject, 
pub.  Lon.,  1826,  Svo.  In  his  15th  year,  whilst  at  Eton, 
he  established  a  periodical  for  the  scholars,  entitled  The 
Microcosm,  which  he  edited,  and  to  which  he  contributed 
some  remarkable  papers  signed  B.  In  1797,  in  conjunc- 
tion with  George  ElHs,  Frere.  and  others,  he  started  The 
Anti-Jaeobin,  which  was  edited  by  Gifford.  In  this  pe- 
riodical the  Whigs  were  sorely  berated  by  the  choicest  en- 
gines of  raillery  and  satire.  Canning's  parodies  on  Southey 
and  Darwin,  the  Knife  Grinder,  and  the  Song  of  Rogero, 
are  examples  of  his  rare  powers  of  style  and  humour. 
His  Lines  on  the  Death  of  his  eldest  Son  present  a  touch- 
ing picture  of  a  father's  grief.  The  Poetry  of  the  Anti- 
Jacobin  has  been  collected  into  one  volume.  A  second 
enlarged  edilion  was  pub.  in  ]So4,  with  E.xplanatory  Notes 
by  C.  Edmonds.  Again,  1858:  see  Lon.  Quar.  Rev.; 
Edin.  Rev..  July,  1858. 

Lord  Byron,  Lord  Jeffrey,  Sir  James  Mackintosh,  Thomas 
Moore,  and  many  others  praised  this  collection  aa  "one 
of  the  wittiest  books  in  the  language." 

'•  These  sparkling  gems  of  wit  have  stood  the  test  of  more  than 
half  a  Century,  and  still  their  brilliancy  is  undimmed:  nor.  in- 
dcL-d.  is  their  lustre  likely  to  be  tarnished  by  age.  Mr.  Edmonds, 
the  editor,  has  acquitted  himself  ably  of  his  task." — Z<m.  N^av 
Quart.  Review. 

"  A  model  of  political  satire.  The  Needy  Knife  Grinder  was  a 
joint  production  of  Messrs.  Frere  and  Canning,  as  was  also  the 
masterly  poem  of  Xew  MoraHty,  alluded  to  in  Byron's  English 
Bards  and  Scotch  Reviewers."  — TnoMAs  Moore. 

■'The  great  literary  reputation  of  the  Anti-Jacobin. — the  inte- 
rest attaching  to  such  well-known  names  as  those  of  Canning, 
Frere.  Gifford,  Wellesley.  will  induce  the  reader  to  glance  with  us 
at  their  revived  productions.  We  rather  wonder  that  this  book 
waited  so  long  for  an  intelligent  and  admiring  editor.  Mr.  Charles 
Edmonds  comes  forward  at  last,  and  is.  indeed,  the  '  Old  Mortality' 
of  Tory  libellers." — Westminster  Review. 

For  interesting  notices  of  Canning,  in  addition  to  the 
works  referred  to  above,  see  Lockhart's  Life  of  Scott, 
Goodrich's  British  Eloquence,  and  De  Vere,  or  the  Man 


of  Independence,  where  Canning  is  represented  by  "Went- 
worth."' 

Canning,  Richard.     vSerms.,  1746.  '47. 

Canning,  T.  John  Bull  and  his  Bride,  <fcc.j  a  Poem, 
1801,  8vo. 

Cannon,  James  Spencer,  D.D.,  1776-1852,  from 
1826-52  Prof,  of  Pastoral  Theology.  Ac.  in  the  Theol.  Sem., 
New  Brunswick,  and  Prof.  Metaiihysics,  <t-c.  Rutgers  Coll. 
Lectures  on  Chronology,  8vo.  Lectures  on  Pastoral  Theo- 
logy, N.Y.,  Svo  :  pub.  after  his  decease. 

Cannon,  Nathaniel.     Serms.,  1613,  ']6. 

Cannon,  Robert,  D.D.  Serm.,  17l'7.  Puldications 
relative  t'>  the  lower  llnu^e  of  Convocation.  1712,  '17,  8vo. 

Cannon,  T.  Family  Library;  a  Funeral  Sermon, 
Lon..  Svo. 

Canon^  or  Canonicus,  John,  by  some  called  Mar- 
bros,  d.  about  l.UO,  an  English  Franciscan  monk,  studied 
at  O.xford  aud  Paris.  lie  was  a  pupil  and  imitator  of 
Duns  Scotus.  He  returned  to  Oxford,  and  there  taught 
theology  until  his  death.  He  was  an  able  commentator 
upon  Aristotle,  in  Aristotelis  Physica,  lib.  viii. ;  printed 
at  St.  Alban's,  1481,  Svo:  reprinted  at  Venice,  1481,  '87, 
'92,  and  1505,  4to;  to  the  edit,  of  1492  some  other  trea- 
tises were  added. 

Cant.     History  of  Perth.  Perth,  1774,  2  vols.  Svo. 

Cant,  Andrew,  Bishop  of  Glasgow,  d.  1728,  was  the 
son  of  Andrew  Cant,  an  Episcopal  minister  of  PitslJgo, 
from  whose  whining  tone  in  the  pulpit  the  terra  "cant"  is 
supposed  to  be  derived.  See  The  Spectator,  No.  147  ;  but 
cantn  perhaps  has  better  claim  to  the  paternity.  A  Serm, 
preached  on  the  30th  of  January-.  1703.  Edin.'  1703.  4to. 

Cantjrus,  Andreas,  Theses  Philosophicae  quas  Ma- 
reschallaini  Alumni,  ttc,  publicepropugnabunt,<fcc.,  Abred., 
1658,  4to. 

Cantillou,  Philip,  Merchant,  of  London.  Analy- 
sis of  Trade,  Commerce.  Coin,  Bullion.  Ac,  Lon.,  1759,  Svo. 

"The  author  adopts  several  of  the  views  of  Hume,  whose  Poli- 
tical Essays  were  published  in  1752.  His  principles  are,  for  the 
most  part,  liberal,  and  some  of  his  speculations  display  consider- 
able initenuity.  He  is  one  of  the  few  writers  to  whom  Smith  has 
relen-i'd." — McCallodCs  Lit.  of  Puht.  Economy. 

Canton,  J.      Alvar  and  Seraphina;  a  Novel,  Lon., 

1S03,  2  vols.  12mo. 

Canton,  John,  1718-1772,  a  physician,  astronomer, 
and  natural  jdiilosopher,  was  a  native  of  Stroud,  Glouces- 
tershire. He  was  the  first  person  in  Enghind.  who.  by 
attracting  the  electric  fire  from  the  clouds  during  a  thun- 
der storm,  verified  Dr.  Franklin's  hypothesis  of  the  simi- 
larity of  lightning  aud  electricity.  He  was  one  of  the 
committee — the  others  were  Dr.  Franklin,  Mr.  Delaval, 
and  Mr.  Wilson — appointed  by  the  Koyal  Society  in  1769, 
to  sugge.-'t  a  plan  to  the  Dean  and  Chapter  of  St.  Paul's, 
for  the  proper  arrangement  of  electrical  conductors  to  pre- 
serve that  cathedral  from  damage  by  lightning.  A  num- 
ber of  Mr.  Canton's  papers  will  be  found  in  Phil.  Trans., 
1751,  '59,  and  '62. 

Canton,  John.    Telemachusin  Blank  Verse,  1778, 4to. 

Cantova,  Anthony.  Voyage  to  Caroline  Islands  in 
1696.     See  Callander's  Voyages,  iii.  23. 

Cantrcll,  Henry.  The  Royal  Martyr  a  true  Chris- 
tian, Lon.,  1716,  8vo;  relates  to  Charles  I. 

Cantweli,  Andrew,  M.D.,  d.  1761,  trans,  into  French 
Mrs.  Stephens's  Medicine.  1742 ;  Sir  Hans  Sloane's  Medi- 
cines for  the  Eyes,  1746.     Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1737. 

Canvane,  Peter,  M.D.  Oleum  Palmse  Christi,  Lon., 
1746,  8vo. 

Capadose,  Lt.  Col.  Sixteen  Years  in  the  West  In- 
dies. Lon.,  1845,  2  vols.  p.  Svo. 

"These  volumes  form  an  ag;reenble  pendant  to  Coleridge's  de- 
liirhtfiil  volume,  [Sis  .Months  in  the  West  Indies  in  1S25.]  Cole- 
ridge presents  us  with  a  view  of  the  past,  Colonel  Capadose  of  the 
present." — Lon.  Kaval  and  Military  Gazette. 

See  also  the  Lon.  Critic,  the  Spectator,  and  the  Barba- 
does  Globe. 

Capel,  Arthnr,  Lord,  a  noble  champion  of  Charles 
L,  beheaded  in  1649.  After  his  death  was  pub.  his  Daily 
Ohservations  or  Meditations,  1654,  4to ;  afterwards  pub. 
under  the  title  of  Excellent  Contemplations,  &c.,  1683. 
See  Gent.  Mag.,  1757,  for  some  of  his  stanzas  written 
when  in  the  Tower. 

"  He  trod  the  fatal  stage  with  all  the  dignity  ol  valour  and  con- 
scious integrity." — Horace  Walpoi.e. 

"  He  was  a  man  that  whoever  shall,  after  him.  deserve  best  of 
the  Enj^lisb  nation,  he  can  never  think  himself  undervalued 
when  he  shall  hear  that  his  courage,  virlue,  and  fidelity,  are  laid 
in  the  balance  with,  and  compared  to,  that  of  the  Lord  Capel."— 
Eabl  of  Clarenhon. 

Capel,  Arthnr,  Earl  of  Essex,  eldest  son  of  the  pre- 
ceding, d.  1638.  Speech,  1680,  fol.  Letters  and  Histori- 
cal Account  of  his  Life,  1770,  4to. 


CAP 


CAR 


Capel,  Daniel,  d.  1679.  Tentamcn  Medicum  de 
VariuHs,  and  some  other  triiots. 

Capel,  Richard,  15S6-1656,  father  of  the  above,  be- 
came a  commoner  of  Alban  Hall,  Oxford,  1601.  resigned 
his  rectory  (refusing  to  publish  the  Book  of  Spurts  in 
1633)  and  practised  physic.  Temptations,  Lon.,  1650, 8vo. 
"  A  valuable  experimental  work." — Bickebsteth. 
Apology  against  some  Exceptions,  1659,  8vo.  Remains, 
165S,  8vo. 

Capelin,  Geo.     The  Christian's  Combat,  1591,  8vo. 
Capell,  Brooke  A,  de.     Travels  through  Sweden, 
Norway,  and  Fiumark  to  the  North  Cape,  in  1820,  Lon., 
1823. 

"A  volume  by  no  means  destitute  of  interest  or  amusement, 
written  with  the  feelings  and  in  the  style  of  a  gentleman." — Ixm. 
Qicarkrii/  Itevi^.w. 

A  Winter's  Journey  through  Lapland  and  Sweden,  Lon., 
1826,  4to. 

Capell,  Edward,  1713-1781,  a  native  of  Suffolk, 
distinguished  himself  by  his  critical  labours  upon  the  text 
of  Shakspeare.  lie  tells  us  that  as  early  as  1745  ho  was 
shocked  at  the  licentiousness  (wildness)  of  Uanmer's  plan, 
and  determined  to  prepare  an  edition  "ex  fide  codicum." 
He  pull,  in  1768,  10  vols.  8vo,  an  edition  of  his  favourite 
author,  for  which  he  received  £300  from  the  bookseller. 

*'  He  appeared  almost  as  lawless  as  any  of  his  predecessors,  viu- 
diratinir  his  d.iim  to  public  notice  by  his  esta}>lished  reputation, 
the  authoritafive  air  of  his  notes,  and  the  shrewd  observiitions.  as 
well  as  majesty,  of  his  preface-.  .  .  .  There  is  not  aniong  the  vari- 
ous publications  of  the  present  literary  Jera  a  more  sin>::ular  com- 
position than  that '  Introduction.'  In  style  and  manner  it  is  more 
obsolete,  and  antique,  than  the  age  of  whii-h  it  treats.  It  has 
since  been  added  to  the  prolegomena  of  Johnson  and  Steevens's 
edition."— iJt.yt/.  Diet.,  179S. 

Capell  announced  in  the  title-page, 

'■  Whi.-rennto  will  be  added,  in  somy  nther  volumes,  notes,  criti- 
cal and  explanatory,  and  a  body  of  various  readings  entire." 

To  these  was  to  be  added  another  work  disclosing  the 
sources  from  which  Shakspeare 

"Drew  the  greater  part  of  his  knowledge  in  mythological  and 
classical  matters,  his  fable,  his  history,  and  even  the  seeming  pe- 
culiarities of  language — to  which  we  have  given  for  title,  The 
School  of  Shakspeare." 

After  the  assiduons  labour  of  forty  years,  Mr.  Capell 
died  without  seeing  his  great  work  in  print,  (a  volume  of 
Notes  and  Readings  had  appeared  in  1775,  4to;)  it  was 
pub.  by  the  care  of  Mr.  Collins  in  1783,  3  vols.  4to,  en- 
titled Notes  and  Various  Readings  to  Shakespeare.  To 
which  is  added  The  School  of  Shakespeare,  &c.  These 
volumes  contain  much  valuable  matter.  See  Monthly  Re- 
view and  Critical  Review. 

He  also  pub.  Prolusions,  or  Select  Pieces  of  Ancient 
Poetry,  Lon.,  1760,  Svo,  and  altered  the  Play  of  Antony 
and  Cleopatra  as  acted  at  Drury  Lane  in  1758. 

"Capell's  t^xt  of  Shakspeare,  notwithstanding  all  which  has 
been  achieved  since  his  decease,  is,  perhaps,  one  of  the  purest  ex- 
tant."— DraJce's  Shakspeare  and  H/'s  Times. 

"  Mr.  Capell  I  call  the  P'ltnm  of  f^hakspea^e.  They  who  are  ac- 
quainted with  his  critical  writings  on  Shakspeare,  and  his  accu- 
rate researches  iuto  this  species  of  antiquity,  will  not  scruple  \YiIh 
me  to  pronounce  him  the  Father  of  all  legitimate  commentart 
ON  Shakspeare," — Pursuits  of  Literature. 

Capen,  Joseph^  of  Massachusetts,  d.  1725,  aged  66, 
pub.  about  1682  an  Elegy  on  John  Foster. 

Capen,  Nahum,  b'.*1804  at  Canton,  Mass.  Biof^ra- 
phy  of  Dr.  F.  J.  Gall.  Edited  his  works  translated  from 
tho  French,  6  vols.  12mo.  Bio.£i;rnphy  of  Dr.  J.  G.  Spurz- 
heim,  prefixed  to  his  work  on  Physiognomy,  Svo.  Prin- 
cipal editor  of  the  Annals  of  Phrenology,  2  vols.  12mo. 
Edited  the  writings  of  the  Hon.  Levi  Woodbury,  LL.D., 
Boston,  1S53,  3  vols.  8vo,  Edited  the  Massachusetts  State 
Record  from  1847  to  1851,  5  vols.  He  was  among  the 
first  to  memorialize  Congress  on  the  subject  of  interna- 
tional copyright.  A  letter  of  his,  printed  by  the  U.  S. 
Senate,  led  to  the  organization  of  tho  Census  Board  at 
Washington.  He  is  the  author  of  other  works  on  History, 
Political  Econiuny.  &c, 

Capgravius,  John,  d.  1464.  Nova  Legenda,  sivo 
vitie  sanctorum  Angliiie,  Lon.,  1516.  A  beautiful  speci- 
men of  de  AVorde's  press.  Vita  Henriei  le  Spenser, 
Episc.  Norwicensis.  In  Whartoni  Angl.  Sacr.,  torn.  ii.  359. 
A  list  of  the  lives  in  the  N'lva  Legenda  (Capgrave's 
Lives  of  the  Saints)  will  bo  found  in  Catal.  Lib.  MSS. 
Bibl.  Cottun.  p.  40.  Tib.  E.  L,  edit.    1802. 

Capp,  Mary  E,  African  Princess,  and  other  Poems, 
1813,  8vo. 

Cappc,  Catherine,  widow  of  Newcome.  pub.  Me- 
moirs of  her  late  husb;ind  in  1802,  prefixed  to  his  Critical 
Remarks  on  Scripture,  and  some  works  on  Charity  Schools, 
Ac,  1800.  '05.  "09.  *14.     Autobiography.  1822.  8vo. 

Cappe,  Newcome,  1732-1800,  a  Sociuian  minister. 


pub.  Serms.  and  Discourses,  1784,  '95,  '96,  a  Selection  of 
Psalms,  and  a  Defence  of  Mr.  Lindsey  agaiust  Cooper, 
and"  of  Dr.  Priestley  against  the  Monthly  Reviewers. 
Some  of  his  Discourses  were  pub.  York,  1805,  Svo,  and 
1815,  Svo. 

"  Eminent  talents  for  pulpit  eloquence,  with  a  copious  flow  ol 
strong  and  often  heautiful  expression." — Rev.  W.  Wood. 

"  In  our  judjiment  the  most  eloquent  sermon  writer  of  moderc 
times." — Lou.  Miruihly  Jiipository. 

His  Critical  Remarks  on  many  important  Passages  of 
Scripture  were  pub.  with  Memoirs  of  bis  life  by  Catherine 
Cappe  in  1802,  2  vols.  Svo. 

"  A  great  part  of  his  Critical  Remarks  turns  upon  points  of  con- 
troversy, and  is  at  variance  with  the  sentiments  of  Christians  of 
almost  every  denomiuation." — Dr.  Maltut. 

"  There  is  a  great  portion  of  very  perverted  ingenuity  and 
strained  criticism.  The  reader  will  easily  believe  this,  when  I 
mentir>n  that  Mr.  Cappe's  remarks  were  too  free  even  for  the 
Monthly  Reviewers." — Orme. 

Capper,  Benj.  Pits.  Statistical  Account  of  England, 
1801,  Svo.  The  Imperial  Calendar  for  1808,  12mo. 
Topog.  Diet,  of  the  United  Kingdom,  1808,  Svo. 

Capper,  James.     Passage  to  India,  1784.     Cultiva- 
tion of  Waste  Lands.  1S05.     Tracts,  1809.     Other  works. 
Capper,  Louisa*     Abridgt.  of  Locke's  Essay  on  tho 
Human  Understanding,  1811,  4to. 

Capron,  Klisha  S.,  b.  1806  in  N.  Y.,  Counsellor-at- 
Law.     Hist,  of  California  from  its  discovery  to  1S54. 

Caradoc,  or  Caradog,  d,  about  1154,  a  native  of 
Llancarvan,  in  Wales,  is  said  by  Geofi"rey  of  Monmouth 
to  have  been  engaged  in  a  History  of  the  Welsh  Princes, 
from  the  death  of  Cadwallader  to  the  middle  of  the  12th 
century. 

"  This  work,  which  there  can  be  no  doubt  was  written  in  Latin, 
appears  to  be  now  lost;  exci-pt  in  a  pretended  Welsh  version, 
which  has  again  been  translated  into  Engli.sh,  and  printed  with  a 
'  continuation.  How  far  this  translation  is  a  faithful  representa- 
!  tive  of  Caradoc's  history,  we  cannot  determine  without  the  origi- 
nal test.  Pits  states  that  in  his  time  there  was  a  copy  of  the  ori- 
ginal in  the  library  of  Corpus  Christi  College,  Camhridge."— BtVif/. 
Brit.  Lit. 

Of  translations,  we  have  Humphrey  Lloyd's,  corrected, 
&c.  out  of  Records  and  Authors,  by  Daniel  Powel,  Lon., 
1584,  4to ;  augmented  and  improved  by  W.  Wynne,  Lon., 
1697,  Svo;  reprinted,  1702,  Svo;  new  edit.,  with  a  De- 
scription of  Wales,  by  Sir  John  Price,  Lon.,  1774,  Svo; 
new  edit.,  with  Topographical  Notices,  by  Richard  Llwyd, 
Shrewsbury,  1832,  Svo.  Caradoc  also  wrote  a  short  Life 
of  Gildas,  which  is  extant.  See  articles  Gildas  and  Cara- 
doc in  Biog.  Brit.  Lit.,  and  Gildas  de  Excidio  Britannise 
recens,  Jos.  Stevenson,  Ltm.,  1S38,  Svo.  Bale  also  ascribes 
to  him  Commentaries  on  ^Icrlin,  and  a  book,  De  Situ  Orbis. 

Card,  Henry.  Historical  and  Theological  works, 
1801-14.     Beauford,  a  noveU 

Card,  Henry,  D.D.,  1779-1844.  Theological  trea- 
tises. 1820,  '25. 

Card,  M'ilHam.     Youths'  Infallible  Instructor,  179S. 

Cardale,  (ieorge.     Sermon,  1755,  4to. 

Cardalc,  Paul.  Thcolog.  treatises,  1740,  '61.  '76,  Svo. 

Cardale,  H.    The  Righteous  Man  ;  2  discourses,  1761. 

CardeU,  John.     Serms.,  1647,  *49,  '50,  4to. 

Cardell,  WiUiam  S.,  d.  1S2S,  of  New  York,  pub.  a 
griunmar  and  several  other  educational  works. 

Carden,  ,1.     Con.  U>  Memoirs  Med.,  1S05. 

Cardew,  CorneHus,  D.D.     Serms.,  1779.  *96,  '99. 

Cardoiinel,  Adam  de.  Numismata  Scotia),  Edin., 
17S6,  4to.  Picturesque  Antiquities  of  Scotland,  Lon., 
1788,  Svo  and  4to.  Intended  as  a  supplement  to  Pen- 
nant's Tour  in  Scotland. 

Cardwell,  Edward,  D.D.  Documentary  Annals 
of  the  Reformed  Clmrch  of  England,  1574-1716,  Oxf., 
1839,  2  vols.  Svo;  new  edit..  1S44.  History  of  Confer- 
ences, [rol.  to  C.  Prayer  Book,]  1558-1690,  Oxf.,  1840, 
Svo;  3d  edit,  1S49.     Synodalia,  Oxf.,  1842.  2  vols.  Svo. 

"Much  curious  and  useful  information." — Bickkiistkth. 

Dr.  Cardwell  has  pub.  several  other  valuable  works, 
among  which  may  be  meutioned  Lectures  on  the  Coinage 
of  the  Greeks  and  Romans,  delivered  in  the  University  of 
Oxford.  Oxf.,  1832,  Svo. 

Care,  George.  Reply  to  "  Reliciou  and  Liberty  of 
C."  168.'>. 

Care,  Henry.     Polit.  and  Theolog.  works,  1673-1719. 

Carel,  John.  1.  English  Princess.  2.  Sir  Solomon, 
1667.  '71. 

Careles,  Careless,  or  Carelesse,  John.  Cer- 
toyne  Godley  and  Comfortable  Letters  [3]  of  the  constant 
Wytness  of  Christe,  John  Careless,  Lon.,  1566,  Svo;  re- 
peatedly reprinted,  and  lately  by  the  Lon.  Tract  Society: 
V.  British  Reformers,  iu  vol.  ix. 


CAR 


CAR 


Careless,  Franck,  i.e.  Richard  Head,  q.  v.  Tho 
Flo:Uin,i,'  Island.  1073,  4to. 

Careless,  Thomas.     Serra.,  1661.  4to. 

Carew,  Abel.  Against  Rome  and  Papal  Supromaey, 
fol. 

Carew,  Sir  Alevaiider.  Speech  and  Confession, 
1614.  J  to. 

Carew,  or  Carey,  Lady  Elizabeth.  Marian,  the 
Pair  Queen  of  Jewry;  a  Tragedy.  Lmi..  1613,  4to.  Lang- 
baiue  is  so  lost  to  gallantry  as  to  remark 

"For  the  Play  itself.  It  is  very  well  IVnVI.  considering  those 
times  and  the  Lady's  sex." — Account  of  the  EnnUsh  Vramalick 
Pvetx,  1(391. 

We  suspect — although  he  does  not  say  so — that  "The 
Lady's  Sex''  was  the  female  sex.  Oidys,  in  his  MS.  com- 
ments upon  Langbaine,  supposes  "  her  name  should  be 
spelt  Gary,  and  that  she  was  the  wife  of  Sir  Henry  Gary." 
The  Tragedy  is  forgotten,  but  tho  Ghorus  in  Act  the  4th, 
Revenge  of  Injuries,  embodies  sentiments  of  Christian 
morality  which  should  never  be  out  of  date. 

Carew,  George,  Earl  of  Totness.  and  Baron  Carew, 
of  Cloptun,  President  of  Munster,  1557-1629,  subdued  a 
fonnidable  rebellion  in  Ireland,  defeated  the  Spaniards  on 
their  lauding  at  Kinsale  in  1601,  and  obliged  them  to 
abandon  their  projects  against  Ireland.  The  following 
work  pub.  by  his  natural  son,  Thomas  Stafford,  has  been 
ascribed  to  his  lordship:  Pacata  Hibernia;  Ireland  ap- 
peased aud  redveed.  or  an  Historic  of  tho  late  Warres  of 
L'eland.  especially  within  the  Province  of  Movnster,  vnder 
the  Government  of  George  Carew,  Knight,  &c.,  (1599- 
1602,)  Lon.,  16:i3.  fol. 

"  If  any  one  takes  the  pains  of  lookin;;  into  the  preface,  and 
into  p.  yii7,  and  other  parts  of  Pacata  liiljernia.  he  will  be  con- 
Tiuced  that  Carew  was  not  the  author  of  it;  but  it  was  probably 
compiled  by  his  directions,  to  which  he  furnished  the  materials." 
Waltkii  Harris:   Ware's  Jrelutid.  iii.  '629. 

"  This  [Treat  and  learned  nobleman  wrote  other  boolcs  relating 
to  thi'  affairs  of  Ireland;  forty-two  volumes  whereof  are  in  the 
Archlii.-^liop  of  Canterbury's  library  at  Lambeth;  and  four  volumes 
more  of  collections  from  the  originals,  in  the  Cotton  Library." — 
Bishop  Xicolsos:  Irish  Hist.  Library. 

Sir  George  translated  from  the  French  version,  Maurice 
Regan's  Fragment  of  the  History  of  Ireland.  See  Harris's 
Hlbernica,  1770.  He  also  rendered  into  English  The 
Story  of  King  Richard  the  Second,  and  Harris  infers  that 
he  drew  up  The  Genealogy  of  the  Fitzgeralds. 

''lie  also  made  several  collections,  notes,  and  extracts  for  the 
writing  of  the  History  of  the.  liejgn  of  K.  Hen.  V.,  which  were  re- 
mitted into  the  History  of  Great  Britain,  dx.,  published  by  Job. 
Speed." — Alhe.n.  Oxrm. 

"  He  was  a  great  patron  of  learning  and  lover  of  antiquities." — 
Horace  Walpole. 

''  His  History  of  the  "Wars  of  Ireland,  in  which  he  was  himself  a 
principal  agent,  is  written  with  the  unaffected  openness  aud  sin- 
cerity of  a  soldier." — CJraxoer. 

Camden  speaks  of  Carew  with  high  respect, 

"  On  account  of  his  great  love  for  antiriuities.  and  for  the  liirht 

he  gave  him  into  some  of  the  affaiis  of  Ireland."     Yah  Britannia, 

and  Park's  Walpole's  R.  &  N.  Authors. 

Carew,  Sir  George,  second  son  of  Thomas  Carew, 
Esq..  was  ambassador  to  the  Court  of  France,  and  ou  his 
return  home,  in  1609,  drew  up  and  adilressed  to  James  I., 
A  Relation  of  the  State  of  France ;  with  the  Characters  of 
Henry  IV..  and  the  Principal  Persons  of  that  Court.  The 
Earl  of  Hardwicke  placed  the  MS.  into  the  hands  of  Dr. 
Birch,  who  pub.  it  with  his  Historical  View  of  the  Nego- 
tiations between  the  Courts  of  England,  France,  and  Brus- 
sels, 1592-1617,  Lon.,  1749,  Svo.  Gray,  the  poet,  com- 
mends it  as  an  excellent  performance.  See  Mason's 
Memoirs. 

'•  It  is  a  model  upon  which  Embassadors  may  form  and  digest 
their  notions  and  representations."' — Dr.  BiRcn. 

Carew,  Geo.,  Administrator  of  Sir  AVilliam  Courten, 
pub.  some  pieces  relative  to  his  estate,  and  some  political 
treatises,  1659-62. 

Carew,  Richard,  1555-1620.  brother  of  Sir  George,  ' 
the  ambassador,  pub.  some  translations  from  the  Italian, 
and  wrote  a  True  and  Ready  Way  to  learn  the  Latin 
Tongue,  but  is  best  known  by  his  excellent  Survey  of 
Cornwall,  Lon.,  1602,  4to ;  again,  in  1723  and  1769;"  but 
the  best  edition  is  that  of  Francis,  Lord  De  Dunstanville, 
with  additions,  Lon.,  1811,  4to. 

''The  survey  of  this  county  is  so  exactly  taken  by  R.  Carew, 
Esquire,  that  there  will  be  only  occasion  for  posterity  carefully  to 
continue  a  work  so  excellently  begun;  and  to  which  Mr.  Camden 
acknowledges  himself  indebted  for  the  chief  light  he  had  in  these  ; 
parts."— Bisaop  N'icolsox:  Eng.  Hist.  Librnry. 

'*  Although  more  Histories  of  Cornwall  have  been  written  than 
of  any  other  county,  they  are  all  wretched  productions:  and  the 
Survey  of  Cartw  remains  beyond  all  comparison  the  most  accmate 
and  satisfactory." — Lowndes. 

Carew,  Richard*     Excellent  Helps  by  a  Warming 
22 


Stone,  Lon.,  1652,  4to.     Tho  Warming  Stone  first  found 
out,  &e.,  Lon.,  8vo. 

Carew,  Thomas,  b.  about  15S9,  d.  16.39,  gentleman 
of  the  Privy  Chamber,  and  Sewer  in  Ordinary  to  Charles 
I.,  studied  at  Corpus  Christi  College,  Oxford.  His  life 
was  that  of  an  accomplished  courtier,  dividing  his  time 
between  attendance  on  his  royal  master,  amusement,  and 
the  composition  of  many  beautiful  little  poems,  which  are 
sometimes  highly  censurable  as  partaking  of  the  licentious 
tone  which  disgraces  so  many  of  the  writers  of  his  period. 
For  this  fault  the  author  was  sincerely  penitent.  Many 
of  his  pieces  were  set  to  music  by  H.  and  W.  Lawes,  and 
other  composers  aud  published  in  his  lifetime.  Othera 
appeared  after  his  death  in  a  12mo  vol.,  164U;  again  in 
1642,  '51,  "70,  '72;  with  notes  by  Thomas  Davies,  1772, 
12mo ;  a  later  edit.  pub.  at  Edin.,  and  a  Selection  by  John 
Fry  of  Bristol. 

"  A  very  insij^nificant  performance." 

Carew's  Coclum  Britannicum,  a  Masque,  was  erroneously 
ascribed  to  Sir  William  Davenant,  and  is  in  his  works, 
1673,  fol.  Garew  was  a  great  favourite  both  with  his  poet- 
ical brethren  and  the  fashionable  circles  of  the  day. 

"Carew's  sonnets  were  more  in  request  than  any  puefs  of  his 
time,  that  is.  between  1630  and  1040.  They  were  many  of  them 
set  to  music  by  the  two  famous  composers.  Henry  and  William 
Lawes,  and  other  eminent  masters,  aud  sung  at  court  in  their 
masques." — Oldys's  M^.  notes  on  Langhatne. 

Carew  was  one  of  the  models  upon  which  Pope  formed 
his  style.  The  preceptor  polished  his  lines  with  elaborate 
care,  for  which  he  was  gently  rebuked  by  his  friend,  Sir 
John  Suckling : 

"  Tom  Carew  was  next,  but  he  had  a  fault 
That  would  not  well  stand  with  a  laureat: 
His  muse  was  hide-bound,  and  the  issue  of 's  brain 
Was  seldom  brought  forth  but  with  trouble  aud  pain." 

l^ssions  of  I'oet-s,  in  Frogmenta  aurea,  or  jioems,  Lon„  1C48,  8to. 

"  But  this  is  not  to  be  taken  for  the  real  Jud,Lz:ment  of  that  Ex- 
cellent Poet;  and  he  was  too  good  a  Judge  of  Wit  to  be  ij;;noi-ant 
of  Mr.  Carew's  Worth,  and  his  Talent  in  Poetry,  and  had  he 
pleased,  he  could  have  said  as  much  in  his  commendation  as  S'ir 
William  d'Avenant  in  those  Stanzas  writ  to  him.'' — Langbaine's 
Draviatick  Fodry. 

"  Thomas  Carew,  one  of  the  favoured  poets  of  his  time  for  the 
charming  sweetness  of  his  lyric  odes  and  amorous  sonnets.  .  .  . 
was  untimely  suatched  away  by  death,  in  the  prime  of  his  years, 
to  the  great  reluctancy  of  many  of  his  poetical  acquaintances." — 
Athen.  Oxou. 

"  He  was  reckoned  among  the  chiefest  of  his  time  for  delicacy 
of  wit  and  poetic  fancy  ;  by  the  strength  of  which  his  extant  poems 
still  maintain  their  feme  amidst  the  curious  of  the  present  age." — 
Phillips. 

"He  was  a  person  of  a  pleasant  and  facetious  wit,  and  made 
many  poems,  (especially  in  the  amorous  way.)  which  for  the  sharp- 
ness of  the  fancy,  and  the  elegance  of  the  language  in  which  that 
fancy  was  spread,  were  at  least  equal,  if  not  superior,  to  any  of 
that  time.  But  his  glory  was.  th.at  after  fifty  years  of  his  life  spent 
with  less  severity  or  exactness  than  it  ought  to  have  been,  he  died 
with  great  remor.se  fur  that  license,  and  with  the  greatest  mani- 
festation of  Christianity  that  his  best  friends  could  desire." — Eabl 
OF  Clarendon. 

"  Elaborate  and  accurate." — LloyrVs  Worthies. 

''An  elegant  and  almost  forgotten  writer,  whose  poems  deserve 
to  be  revived.'' — Bishop  Percy. 

"  Carew  has  the  ease  without  the  pedantry  of  Waller,  and  per- 
haps less  conceit.  lie  reminds  us  of  the  best  manner  of  Lord 
Lyttelton.  Waller  is  too  exclusively  considered  as  the  first  man 
who  brought  versification  to  any  thing  like  its  present  standard. 
Carew's  pretensions  to  the  same  merit  are  seldom  sufficiently 
either  considered  or  allowed." — Headley's  Sdect  Eeaidies  of  Ancient 
English  Poetry.,  Lon.,  1787,  2  vols.  Svo. 

"  His  lines  are  often  very  harmonious,  but  not  so  artfully  con- 
structed or  so  uniformly  pleasing  as  those  of  Waller.  He  is  re- 
markably nnefjual ;  the  best  of  his  little  poems  (none  of  more  than 
thirty  lines  are  good)  excel  all  of  his  time;  but  after  a  few  lines 
of  great  beauty,  we  often  come  to  some  ill-expressed,  or  obscure, 
or  weak,  or  inharmonious  passage.  Few  will  hesitate  to  acknow- 
ledge that  he  has  more  fancy  and  more  tenderness  than  Waller, 
but  less  choice,  less  judgment  and  knowledge  where  to  stop,  less 
of  the  equality  which  never  offends,  less  attention  to  the  unity 
and  thread  of  his  little  pieces." — Hallam:  Jntrodtic.  to  Lit.  Hist. 

"The  want  nl  I'mMh-'ss  and  expansion  in  Carew's  thoughts  and 
subjects  exiludrs  liini  from  rivalship  with  great  poetical  names; 
nor  is  it  difficult,  even  within  the  narrow  pale  of  his  works,  to  dis 
cover  some  faults  of  affectation,  and  of  still  more  objectionable  in- 
delicacy. But  among  the  poets  who  have  walked  in  the  same 
limited  path,  he  is  pre-eminently  beautiful,  and  deservedly  ranks 
among  the  earliest  of  those  who  gave  a  cultivated  grace  to  our 
lyrical  strains." — CampbeWs  English  Poets. 

Carew,  Thomas*  The  Rights  of  Elections,  Lon., 
1755.  fol. 

Carey,  Alice,  b.  1820,  near  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  contri- 
buted for  several  years  to  Western  periodicals  before  the 
publication  of  the  first  collection  of  her  poems,  which  ap- 
peared in  Phila.  (1849)  in  a  volume  entitled  Poems,  by 
Alice  and  Phebe  Carey.  She  has  since  pub.  Clovernook, 
or  Recollections  of  Our  Neighbourhood  in  the  West,  1851 ; 
Hagar,  a  Story  of  To-Day;  Lyra,  and  other  Poems,  1852,* 
Clovernook,   2d   series,   and  Clovernook   Children,  1854: 

337 


CAR 


CAR 


Poems,  Including  the  Tla^callan  Maiden,  a  Romance  of  the  1 
Golden  Age  of  Tezcuco  J   Married,  not  Mated,  a  Novel;  and 
Holy  wood,  a  Novel,  (1855.)  I 

"  The  poems  of  Alice  Carey  evince  no  ordinary  power  of  iniagina-  i 
tion." — ^T'Ttli  Am.  RevUw.  \ 

"  No  American  woman  has  evinced  in  prose  or  poetry  any  thing  , 
like  the  genius  of  Alice  Carey." — Wt.'^tminster  Keview.  i 

"She  appears  to  combine  the  fine  qualities  of  Mrs.  Elizalieth  , 
Barrett  Browning  with  the  best  graces  of  pastoral  poetry." — Jour- 
nal des  Dibais.  Paris.  i 

'■We  do  not  hesitate  to  predict  for  these  sketches  [Clovernook] 
a  wide  popularity.  They  bear  the  true  stamp  of  genius — simple,  I 
natural,  truthful — and  evince  a  keen  sense  of  the  humour  and  | 
pathos,  of  the  comedy  and  tragedy  of  life  in  the  country.  No  one  i 
who  has  ever  read  it  can  forget  the  sad  and  beautiful  story  of  Mary  I 
Wildermings;  its  weird  fancy,  tenderness,  and  beauty;  its  touch-  | 
ing  description  of  the  emotions  of  a  sick  and  suffering  human  spi-  J 
rit,  and  its  exquisite  rural  pictures."' — J.  G.  Whittier.  j 

''  It  is  impossible  to  deny  that  she  has  original  and  extraor-  ! 
dinary  poweis,  or  that  the  elements  of  genius  are  poured  forth  in  ' 
her  verses  with  an  astonishing  richness  and  prodigality." — E.  P.  \ 
Whipple. 

"  Alice  Carey  evinces  in  many  poems  a  genuine  imagination  and 
a  creative  energy  that  challenges  peculiar  praise.     Vie  have  per- 
haps no  other  author,  so  young,  in  which  the  poetical  faculty  is  so 
largely  develnped." — R.  W.  Griswuld.     See,  also,  Mrs.  Hale's  Wo-  I 
man's  Record. 

"  Her  characters  are  remarkable,  considering  their  variety,  for  ' 
fidelity  to  nature,  and  her  sentiments  are  marked  by  womanly  I 
delicacy,  humanity,  and  reverence  for  religion;  while  over  all  is  , 
the  charm  of  a  powerful  imagination,  with  fi'e<nient  manifestations  I 
of  the  most  quiet  and  delicious  humour." — Prof.  .Tno,  p.  Hart.  | 
"The  author  has  already  given  proof  of  her  genius  in  the  de-  ■ 
partment  of  poetry,  and  in  the  present  volume  she  shows  the  pos-  j 
session  of  no  less  decided  talent  for  narrative,  and  the  delineation 
of  character." — W.  C.  Bryant. 

Carey,  David.  Pleasures  of  Nature,  &c.,  and  other 
poems,  1S03,  Svo.  The  Reign  of  Fancy ;  a  Poem,  3S04, 
12mo.  Secrets  of  the  Castle  ;  a  Novel,  1806.  2  voLs.  12mo.- 
Picturesque  Scenes;  or  a  Guide  to  the  Highlands,  ISll, 
Svo.     Craig  Phadric.  &c.  ISIO.  Svo. 

Carey,  Edward,  M.D.  Trans,  of  Dr.  L.  J.  De  Jough's 
treatise  on  Cod  Liver  Oil;  with  an  Appendix  and  Cases, 
Lon.,  Svo. 

"  As  a  most  useful  addition  to  our  knowledge  on  this  interesting 
subject,  we  recommend  the  study  of  Dr.  De  .biugh's  treatise,  ex- 
tended as  it  is,  in  its  present  form,  by  its  able  commentator." — 
Lon.  Liincet. 

Carey,  George.  A  Plani>:phere,  or  Map  of  the  prin- 
cipal Stars  in  the  Northern  Hemisphere,  Edin.,  ISl-i;  on 
a  Sheet. 

Carey,  George  Saville,  d.  1807,  aged  64,  son  of 
Henry  Carey,  the  musical  composer  and  poet,  travelled 
from  town  to  town  through  England  for  furty  years,  giving 
"  lectures,"  or  rather  singing  songs  of  his  own  composition. 
If  their  poetical  merit  was  not  of  the  first  order,  it  is  yet 
to  be  recorded  to  his  credit,  that,  following  his  father's 
example,  he  was  careful  to  exclude  every  thing  of  an  im- 
moral tendency  from  his  entertainments.  The  Inoculator, 
C,  1766.  Svo.  The  Cottagers,  0.,  1766,  Svo.  Liberty 
Chastised,  T.  C,  1768,  Svo.  Shakspeare's  Jubilee,  M., 
17()'.t.  Svo.  The  Old  Women  Weatherwise.  Int.,  1770,  Svo. 
The  Magic  Girdle,  Burl..  1770, -Ito.  The  Nut-Brown  Maid, 
CO.,  1770,  12mo.  Noble  Pedlar,  Burl..  1770,  4to.  Ana- 
lects, 1771,  2  vols.  12mo.  Mimickry,  1776,  ]2mo.  Rural 
Ramble.  1777,  Svo.  Poetical  Efforts.  1787,  12mo.  Dupes 
of  Fancy,  F.,  1792,  Svo.  Balnea,  1799,  Svo.  Eighteen 
Hundred,  being  a  Collection  of  Songs,  Tewkesbury,  ISOO. 
'■  His  talents  and  musical  taste  were  such  as  uii'jht  have  raised 
him  to  eminence,  had  he  cultivated  them  with  diligence,  or  had 
he  not  been  obliged  to  provide  for  the  day  that  was  passing  over 
him.  .  .  .  He  wrote  a  great  variety  of  songs,  in  which,  like  his 
father,  he  never  once  trespassed  on  decency  or  good  manners." — 
Bioff.  Dramat. 

Carey,  or  Cary,  Henry,  Earl  of  Monmouth,  1596- 
1661,  eldest  son  of  Robert,  first  Earl  of  Monmouth,  was 
admitted  a  Fellow  Commoner  of  Exeter  College,  Oxford,  at 
the  age  of  15,  and  took  the  degree  of  B,A.  in  1613.  He 
was  made  a  Knight  of  the  Bath  in  1616.  In  1623  he  was 
known  by  the  name  of  Lord  Lepington,  his  father's  title 
before  he  was  created  Earl  of  Monmouth.  In  1639  he  be- 
came Earl  of  Monmouth. 

'■  Being  then  noted  fur  a  person  well  skill'd  in  the  modern  lan- 
guages, a^id  a  general  scholar;  the  fruit  whereof  he  found  in  the 
troublesome  times  of  rebellion,  when  by  a  tbrced  retiredness.  he 
was  capacitated  to  exercise  himself  in  studies,  while  others  of  the 
nobility  were  fain  to  truckle  to  their  inferiors  for  comp.any's  sake."' 
•~Atk<n.  Oxim. 

Horace  Walpole  considers  that  this  pleasant  employment 
of  time  to  which  Wood  refers  was  his  lordship's  chief  in- 
ducement to  authorship. 

"  He  seems  to  have  distrusted  his  own  abilities,  and  to  have 
made  the  fruits  of  his  studies  his  amusement,  rather  than  the 
method  of  his  lame.  Though  there  are  several  large  volumes 
translated  by  him,  we  have  scarce  any  thing  of  his  own  composi- 
tion ;  and  are  as  little  acquainted  with  hLs  character  as  with  his 
genius." — Royal  and  NdbU  AiUhurs. 
338 


The  History  of  the  late  Wars  of  Christendom,  Lon,, 
1641,  fob 

"  r  believe  this  (which  Wood  says  he  never  saw)  is  the  same  work 
with  his  translation  of  ifir  Francis  Biondi's  History  of  the  Civil 
Wars  of  England,  between  the  Houses  of  York  and  Lancaster." — 
Horace  Wai-pole. 

Historical  Relations  of  the  United  Provinces,  and  of 
Flanders,  1652,  fob;  trans,  from  Bentivoglio.  History 
of  the  Wars  in  Flanders,  1652,  fob ;  again,  1651,  78 ;  also 
from  Bentivoglio. 

"  Bentivoglio  is  reckoned  as  a  writer  among  the  very  first  of  his 
age." — Hallam. 

Politic  Discourses  in  6  Books,  1657,  fob  ;  and  History  of 
Venice,  1658,  fob  ;  both  trans,  from  Paul  Parata,  a  no- 
ble Venetian.  His  lords^hip  also  trans,  from  Senault,  Man 
become  Guilty;  or  the  Corruption  of  his  Nature  by  Sin. 
Romulus  and  Tarquin  from  Malvezzi ;  and  from  the  works 
of  Boccalini,  Capriata,  and  Prlorati:  the  last  (History  of 
France)  he  did  not  live  to  fini.sh.  It  was  completed  by 
W.  Brent,  and  pub.  1676.  '77.  His  Amelia,  a  New  Eng- 
lish Opera,  was  pub.  in  1632,  Svo,  and  The  Use  of  Pas- 
sions, Lon..  1649  and  1671.  Svo. 

His  brother,  Thomas  Carey,  was  the  author  of  some 
occasional  poems,  one  of  which  was  set  to  music  by  Henry 
Lawes,  and  will  be  found  in  his  Ayres  and  Dialogues, 
1653. 

Carey,  Henry,  d.  1743,  a  musician  and  poet,  was  the 
father  of  George  Saville  Carey,  {q.  r.)  who  inherited  his 
father's  facility  in  composition.  Poems.  Lon.,  1713,  Svo; 
1720,  12mo ;  1729,  4to.  Verses  on  Gulliver's  Travels, 
1727,  Svo.  Cantatas  and  Essays,  Lon.,  1724,  '32.  His 
Farce  of  the  Contrivances,  1815.  and  Hanging  and  Mar- 
riage, 1722,  are  among  the  best-known  of  his  pieces.  His 
Dramatic  Works  were  pub.  in  1743,  4to:  a  list  will  be 
found  in  Biog.  Dramat.  The  cfnssical  ballad  beginning 
"Of  all  the  Girls  that  are  so  smart,"  or  '•  Sally  in  our 
Alley,"  claims  Carey  as  its  author.  The  Musical  Century, 
2  vols,  fob,  was  pub.  in  1740.  As  we  are  fond  of  literary 
coincidences,  we  shall  record  one  which  we  discover  in 
reading  the  preface  to  "  The  Musical  Century."  It  so 
happened  that  our  learned  friend,  the  distinguished  parent 
of  the  new  school  of  Political  Economy — Henry  C.  Ca- 
rey, (we  wish  that  that  C.  could  be  expunged  to  render 
the  coincidence  more  perfect!)  published  in  1853  a  seriea 
of  Letters  on  International  Copyright,  in  which  the  sub- 
ject of  Copyright  iu  its  general  aspects  is  treated  with 
much  vigour  and  ability.  As  regards  the  soundness  of 
Mr.  Carey's  doctrines,  we  are  of  course  too  wise  to  give 
an  opinion,  surrounded  as  we  are  in  this  volume  with  such 
a  host  of  authors  of  opposing  sentiments.  Now  it  so 
happens  that  Henry  Carey,  of  musical  memory,  favours 
us  with  some  lines  upon  this  subject  in  the  Preface  to  his 
Mu&ical  Century: 

'What  retarded  the  publication  thus  long,  was  the  prospect  I 
had  from  an  act  depending  in  Parliament,  for  securing  the  right 
of  copies  toauthorsor  their  assigns,  &c. ;  it  being  almost  incredible 
how  much  1  have  suffered  by  having  my  works  pyrated;  my  loss 
on  that  account,  for  many  years  past,  amounting  to  little  less  than 
£300  per  annum,  as  1  can  easily  make  appear  to  any  person,  con- 
versant in  publication. 

"  As  the  justice  of  such  a  law  is  self-evident;  and  an  act  already 
made  in  favour  of  engravers,  I  doubt  not  but  the  wisdom  and 
humanity  of  the  Legislature  will,  one  time  or  other,  regulate  this 
affair,  not  confining  the  property  of  authors,  &c.  to  one  particular 
branch,  but  extending  it  to  the  benefit  of  arts  and  sciences  in  ge- 
neral ; 

'•  *  Oh !  could  I  see  the  day !'  " 

This  coincidence  is  worth  noticing,  certainly. 

Sir  John  Hawkins  thus  sums  up  the  characteristics  of 
Carey  as  a  musician  and  an  author: 

'■  As  a  musician  Carey  seems  to  have  been  of  the  first  of  the  lowest 
rank;  and  as  a  poet,  the  lastoftbat  class  of  which  Durfey  was  the 
first;  with  this  difference,  that  in  all  the  songs  and  poems  written 
by  him  on  wine.  love,  and  such  kinds  of  subjects,  he  seems  to  havo 
manifested  an  inviolable  regard  for  decency  and  good  manners." 

The  last  line  is  well  enough,  and  could  Carey  have  read 
Sir  John's  estimate,  we  may  imagine  him  exclaiming  with 
the  vanquished  monarch,  *'  All  is  lost,  save  honour !" 

Carey,  Heury,  Lord  Viscount  Falkland.     See  Cary. 

Carey,  Henry.  Essays,  &c.,  pub.  under  the  signature 
of  .lidin  Waters. 

Carey,  Henry  C,  b.  1793,  at  Philadelphia,  son  of 
Matuew  Carey,  (7.  r.)  succeeded  his  father  in  his  exten- 
sive publishing  business,  in  1821,  and  continued  in  a  pur- 
suit so  congenial  to  his  literary  taste,  until  1838.  In  1S24 
he  established  the  system  of  periodical  trade-sales,  which 
are  now  the  ordinary  channels  of  exchange  between  book- 
sellers. Mr.  Carey  inherited  an  inclination  to  investiga- 
tions in  Political  Economy,  and  in  1836  gave  the  results 
of  his  speculations  to  the  world  iu  an  Essay  on  the  Rate 
of  Wages,  which  was  expanded  into  The  Principles  of  Po- 


CAR 


CAR 


Utical  Economy.  1837^0,  3  vols.  8vo.  The  novel  position 
assumed  by  Mr.  Carey  excited  no  little  surprise  among  the 
European  Political  Economists.  This  work  has  been  pub- 
lished in  Italian  at  Turin,  and  in  Swedish  at  Upsal. 

"  Basliat  has  taken  from  Carey  ideas  that  the  American  Econo- 
mist had  developed,  and  had  presented  to  his  readers  with  so  much 
skill,  and  with  such  an  impo&iuji  mass  of  facts,  as  in  truth  to  leave 
in  suspense  the  decision  of  even  the  most  accomplished  student  of 
his  works.  .  .  .  Carey,  and.  after  him,  Bastiat.  have  thus  intro- 
duced a  formula  in  relation  to  the  measure  of  value,  that  I  believe 
is  destined  to  be  universally  adopted.  It  is  a  most  felicitous  idea. 
.  .  ,  His  work  cannot  be  omitted  from  our  collection,  nor  can  its 
publication  be  delayed." — Professor  Fa-rar a.  Editor  of  the  Bihlio- 
Uca  deW  Economista. 

**The  most  important  product  of  political  economy  for  the  last 
half  century." — Journal  des  EcnnomUtes. 

In  1838  Mr.  Carey  pub.  The  Credit  System  in  France, 
Great  Britain,  and  the  United  States. 

"An  American  author,  Mr.  11.  C.  Carey,  well  known  by  several 
excellent  works,  seems  to  me,  in  this  matter,  (Currency.)  and  espe- 
cially in  the  investijiation  of  causes  and  effects,  to  have  succeeded 
bettor  than  the  English  inquirers.  As  early  as  18-38.  he  had  in  his 
book — The  Credit  System  in  Knmee,  Great  Britain,  and  the  United 
States — clearly  shown  the  primary  causes  of  the  perturbations  oc- 
carring  almost  periodically  in  commerce  and  currency,  and  that 
the  cause  was  the  same  iu  France  as  in  England." — M.  CoguEUN: 
Jieivif  d€3  Deux  Mondes. 

"The  best  work  on  the  credit  system  that  has  ever  been  pub- 
lished."— Journal  dejs  Eco7iomixt''s. 

In  1848  Mr.  Carey  pub.  The  Past,  The  Present,  and  The 
Future. 

*'  A  work  whose  desigin  is  to  show  that  men  are  everywhere  now 
doinR  precisely  as  has  heretofore  been  done,  and  that  they  do  so  in 
obedience  to  a  great  and  universal  law,  directly  the  reverse  of  that 
taught  by  Ricardo.  Malthus,  and  their  successors." — Men  of  iUt 
Time.  New  York,  18.S2,  q.  v. 

"  It  is.  as  our  readers  see,  the  theory  of  progress,  redeemed  from 
the  wildnessofphilosophical  speculations,  economically  established, 
and  brought  home  to  us  by  the  fects." — Dictionnaire  dc  VEcononiic 
Politique. 

"  The  field  surveyed  by  Mr.  Carey  in  the  Past  and  Present  is  a 
broad  one — broader  than  that  of  any  other  book  of  our  time — for 
it  discusses  every  interest  of  man." — American  Whig  Hevicio. 

"  One  of  the  strongest  and  most  original  writers  of  the  age."— 
Westminster  Ifeview. 

'•  Every  friend  of  agriculture  ought  to  read  IMr.  Carey's  remark- 
able and  convincing  work." — S!,-in tier's  Jour Jial  <f  Ai/ricidtnre. 

"  A  volume  of  extensive  information,  deep  tbi>n:_'ht,  hiu'h  intel- 
ligence, and,  moreover,  of  material  utility." — Lim.  Miming  Adver. 
This  work  also  excited  great  attention  abroad,  and  has 
recently  been  published  in  Swedish  at  Stockholm.  For  se- 
veral years  Mr.  C.  contributed  all  the  leading  articles,  and 
many  of  those  less  important,  to  The  Plough,  the  Loom, 
and  the  Anvil.  A  number  of  the.^e  papers  have  been  col- 
lected in  a  volume  entitled  The  Harmony  of  Interests,  Agri- 
cultural, Manufacturing,  and  Commercial,  and  others  of 
them  in  a  pamphlet  called  The  Prospect;  Agricultural, 
Manufacturing,  Commercial,  and  Financial,  at  the  opening 
of  1851. 

Blackwood's  Magazine  remarks  of  The  Harmony  of  In- 
terests, Ac: 

"Mr.  Carey,  the  well-known  statisti-'al  writer  nf  America,  has 
supplied  us  with  ample  materials  tor  conducting  such  an  imiuiry; 
and  we  can  safely  recommend  his  remarkable  work  to  all  who  wish 
to  iovestiirate  the  causes  of  the  progress  or  decline  of  industrial 
communities.'' 

In  1853  appeared  The  Slave-Trade ;  Domestic  and  Fo- 
reign; why  it  exists;  and  how  it  may  be  extinguished. 

"It  is  an  invaluable  addition  to  the  literature  of  the  country 
and  of  the  world." — IVcw  York  Tribune. 

"  Mr.  Carey  has  clearly  substantiated  his  claim  to  be  the  leading 
writer  now  devoted  to  the  study  of  political  economy.  In  his 
pregnant  discussions  he  has  not  only  elevated  the  scientitic  posi- 
tion of  his  country,  but  nobly  subserved  the  cause  of  humanity." 
— A'w  York  Qu'irtf.rlif. 

Mr.  Carey  has  also  pub.  {in  1840)  Answers  to  the  Ques- 
tions, What  Constitutes  Currency?  What  are  the  Causes 
of  its  Unsteadiness  ?  And  What  is  the  Kemedy  ?  And  Let^ 
ters  on  International  Copyright,  (1853.)  In  1S58  he  gave 
to  the  world  vols.  i.  and  ii.  of  an  important  work,  to  be 
comprised  iu  3  vols.  Svo,  entitled  Principles  of  Social 
Science  ;  also  Letters  to  the  President  of  the  U.i^.f  Svo.  We 
subjoin  an  examination  of  Mr.  Carey's  merits  as  a  teacher 
of  political  economy,  prepared  for  us  by  one  of  the  most 
eminent  of  American  professors  of  this  important  science: 
"Mr.  Carey,  not  only  in  his  own  country,  but  throughout  Eu- 
rope, where  his  writings  have  been  extensively  studied,  both  in 
their  original  language  and  in  translations,  is  the  acknowledged 
founder  and  head  of  a  new  school  of  Political  Economy.  We  can 
only  indicate  the  fundamental  difference  between  his  system  and 
that  in  undisputed  supremacy  when  be  began  his  contributions  to 
social  science.  This  however  will  suffice  to  show  how  eminently 
hopeful,  progressive,  and  democratic,  are  the  doctrines  which  he 
proclaimed,  and  with  what  fulness  of  significance  those  who  have 
accepted  them  are  styled  the  American  school. 

"  Adam  Smith's  publication  of  the  Wealth  of  Nations  was  con- 
temporaneous with  the  opening  of  the  American  Revolution.  That 
work  explained  the  manner  in  which  the  course  of  nature  tends 
to  the  concurrent  and  harmonious  progress  in  well-being  of  all 


classes  of  society,  and  how,  whenever  the  feet  is  wanting — wher- 
ever a  community  is  stationary,  or  some  classes  fkll  back  in  the 
scale  of  comfort,  while  others  advance — it  is  an  anomaly  which 
may  be  traced  to  human  interference.  If  all  the  industrial  orders, 
labourers,  capitalists,  and  land-owners,  fail  to  march  forward  with 
the  procession  of  time  towards  a  bett^^r  and  steadily  improving  con- 
dition, Adam  Smith  found  the  cause  in  misgoverument  by  earthly 
rulers,  not  iu  any  defect  of  providential  arrangements.  There  had 
been  little  more  than  time  fur  the  scholars  of  the  continent  to  make 
themselves  acquainted  with  Smith's  system,  when  the  convulsion 
of  the  French  Kevolution  began.  The  toiling  millions  hadjuuiped 
with  a  sure  instioct  that  needed  no  bookish  instruction  to  the  con- 
clusion that  their  industry  ought,  in  the  natural  course  of  things, 
to  have  secured  the  enjoyment  of  the  fruits  that  every  day  eluded 
their  grasp,  to  fall  into  the  hands  of  the  idle  and  protiigate: — that 
the  products  of  labour  were  abundant  for  the  material  comfort  of 
all,  and  that  the  false  and  partial  distribution  by  which  they  were 
defrauded  of  their  fair  share,  was  due  to  the  wickedness  or  incom- 
petence of  their  rulers.  They  were  prompt  to  seek  the  remedy  in 
governmental  reforms,  Adam  Smith  had  prepared  the  literary 
class  for  sympathizing  with  their  convictions  and  their  aspirations. 
Godwin's  Political  Justice  was,  in  conservative  England,  among 
the  boldest  and  sharpest  protests  against  the  defects  and  failures 
of  the  existing  social  organization,  uttered  with  a  calmness,  sobrie- 
ty, and  force  of  reasoning,  that  were  not  to  be  met  by  deuouncing 
it  as  Democratic  and  Kevolutionary,  which  sufficed  for  a  reply  to 
more  intemperate  writers.  Mr.  Malthus,  a  clergyman  of  the  Esta^ 
blished  Church,  while  studying  to  refute  it,  was  impressed  with  the 
substantial  justice  of  the  plea  for  reform,  upon  the  received  data 
for  argument,  and  became  satisfied  that  the  evils  of  which  the  re- 
publicans complained  admitted  of  no  detence  which  should  come 
short  of  demonstrating  the  neassHy  of  then-  existence,  or  throw 
the  responsibility  for  it  upon  the  sutferers. 

"  It  was  as  an  answer  to  Godwin's  book  that  Malthus  composed 
his  celebrated  Essixy  on  Population,  the  theory  of  which  was  at  (>nce 
accepted  and  remains  to  this  day  as  the  strongest  apology  of  which 
despotism  is  capable.  The  ruling  classes  were  not  only  excidpated, 
but  thL-y  were  taught  to  'harden  their  hearts  against  the  people* 
by  a  theory  which  ascribed  the  miseries  of  the  governed  to  the 
regular  operation  of  a  fixed  law  of  human  and  physical  nature, 
which  even  that  charity  which  endeavoured  to  alleviate  iudi\idual 
suffering,  could  only  aggravate.  JIalthus  assigned,  as  the  effective 
cause  of  poverty  and  wretchedness  in  the  masses,  a  supposed  law 
of  population,  according  to  which  it  has  a  constant  tendency  to 
outrun  the  growth  of  capital — the  number  of  mouths  to  be  fed  to 
exceed  the  food  that  should  till  them.  The  human  race,  according 
to  this  theory,  has  implanted  in  it  such  instincts  and  powers  that 
under  their  free  action  it  would  increase  in  geometrical  ratio,  dou- 
bling every  twentv-five  years.  The  means  of  subsistence,  on  the 
other  hand,  are,  as  he  believed,  limited  to  an  increase  in  arithmeti- 
cal ratio.  There  must  consequently,  in  the  natural  order  of  provi- 
dence, be  a  constantly  increasing  disparity  between  the  amount  of 
property  in  a  community — especially  that  of  the  first  necessity  like 
food — and  the  number  of  persons  to  divide,  with  a  steady  and  ceasfr 
less  approximation  towards  famine.  If.  in  point  of  fact,  the  press- 
ure of  population  upon  subsistence  had  been  seen  not  to  grow  at 
the  territic  rate  which  the  law  would  demand,  it  was  due  to  almost 
perpetual  wars  waged  at  the  instigation  of  kings  and  nobles — to  fre- 
quent famines,  resulting  often  from  the  devastations  of  war — to  pes- 
tilence, brooding  in  the  foul  cabins  of  the  poor,  and  fastening  upon 
them  because  they  were  poor,  ill-fed,  ill-clothed,  and  ill-sheltered. 
Some  little — if  the  poor  had  only  been  wiser,  and  piously  submis- 
sive to  the  decrees  of  Heaven — should  have  been  owing  to  that 
'moral  restraint'  which  it  was  the  object  of  Mr.  Malthus  to  incul- 
cate— to  abstinence  from  matrimony,  or,  if  the  imprudence  of  matri- 
mony were  committed,  to  defeating  its  purpose — the  propagation  of 
offspring.  Alas,  how  little  credit  could  the  poor  claim  on  this  score! 
Scandalously  prolific  had  they  been  ever  and  evei-ywhere,  and  the 
weak  charity  of  their  betters  had,  by  administering  relief  to  the 
destitute,  and  thus  interposing  between  their  folly  in  begetting 
children,  and  its  heaven-ordained  penalty,  diverted  their  attention 
from  what  Mr.  Mill  tells  us  is  the  only  remedy,  'the  grand  practi- 
cal problem — to  find  the  means  of  limiting  the  number  of  births.' 

"  As  man  is  a  producer  of  food,  as  well  as  a  consumer,  the  organic 
law  of  Malthusianism  required  some  supplementary  dogma  which 
should  explain  why  it  is  that  the  race  cannot  make  its  labour  pro- 
ductive in  the  ratio  of  its  numbers.  This  was  soon  supplied  in 
the  theory  of  Rent,  which  goes  by  the  name  of  Kicardo.  and  is 
based  upon  the  allegation  that  settlement  .and  culture  always  be- 
gin upon  the  most  fertile  and  best-situated  lands,  and  as  they 
are  occupied  by  the  growth  of  population,  men  necessarily  recede 
to  soils  of  progressively  deteriorating  quality,  and  possessing  less 
advantages  of  situation.  Kach  generation  of  cultivators  expend- 
ing their  energies  upon  soils  yielding  returns  inferior  in  propor- 
tion to  their  numbers  to  those  tilled  by  their  predecessors,  each 
increment  to  the  population  would  harvest  a  less  and  less  incre- 
ment of  food,  and  with  every  year  a  larger  proportion  of  the  entire 
available  labour  of  the  community  would  be  required  for  supply- 
ir»T  its  primary  necessity.  This,  if  true — and  it  passed  without 
question  until  refuted  by  Mr.  Carey— was  a  satisfactory  and  cor- 
roborative explanation  of  the  laws  of  population.  It  proved  that 
a  steady  declension  towards  misery  and  starvation  would  be  the 
inevitable  lot  of  the  masses,  even  upon  the  supposition  that  all 
the  means  of  subsistence  were  fairly  and  equally  partitioned.  But 
the  theory  did  more.  It  taught  that  as  soon  as  the  necessities  of 
society  drove  men  to  the  cultivation  of  land  of  the  second  quality, 
the  owners  of  that  of  the  first  grade  acquired  the  power  ti>  charge 
for  its  use  a  rent  equivalent  to  the  difference  in  the  crops  of  the 
two.  When  land  of  the  third  quality  became  necessary  to  supply 
the  increasing  mouths,  the  second  yielded  a  rent,  and  the  rent  of 
the  first  was  also  advanced  by  an  amount  equal  to  the  difference 
between  the  second  and  third.  Consequently  the  smaller  the  sup- 
plv  of  food  became,  the  larger  the  proportion  of  it  absorbed  by  the 
landlords,  and  the  less  that  of  the  labourers.  This  established 
the  necessary  growth  of  a  landed  aristocracy,  whose  wealth  and 
:  power  wax,  as  those  of  the  people  wane.     Nor  was  this  all.    It 


CAR 

taught  that  the  price  of  all  raw  productions  was  necessarily  fixed 
by  that  of  the  portion  raised  with  the  greatest  difficulty  and  ex- 
pense, that  is,  on  the  worst  soils  under  cultivation  which  pay  no 
rent.  Kent  therefore  did  not  enter  into  price;  but  pi  ice  it  was 
held  was  divided  between  wages  and  profits,  profits  being  the 
highest  when  wages  are  least.  The  interests  of  the  labourer  and 
the  capitalist  are  thus  held  to  be  directly  antagonistic,  they  having 
to  struggle  with  each  other  about  the  division  of  a  continually  de- 
creasing share  left  by  the  landlord  for  the  two. 


CAR 

afce  and  other  costly  amelioration.  By  geopraphical  comparison 
of  contempoianeous  commuuities,  he  shows  that  the  lowest  in  the 
se-Je  of  population  and  wealth  are  tbose  in  which  the  inlt-nor  soils 
are  alone  cultivated,  and  the  better  lie  waste;  and  that  the  degree 
to  which  they  have  subdued  the  better  lands  accurately  marks 
their  progress.  In  a  prolonged  discussion  in  which  Economists  of 
all  parts  of  Europe  have  taken  part,  he  has  repeatedly— and  in 
vain— challenged  the  maintainers  of  the  Uicardian  hypothesis  to 
name  a  single  spot  where  men  have  not  commenced  on  the  poor 


ising  share  lelt  bv  the  landlord  lor  the  two.  i  .^..^..^  «  =■..»,.„    "^jj  ,;  ivT:  h.r,„,  „i,i,  i,„.rr,sino  numbers  and 

If  ^his  system  be  true,  the  stratification  of  society  after  the  ,  -  >;- -^P^rir'^tlVa':  n    '  eVd  ^\o  "hTn™?^^^ 


aristocratic  models  is  as  certain  and  inevitable  as  any  fact  in  Geo- 
logy, and  all  dreams  of  the  eqnality  and  brotherhood  of  man,  or 
of  any  permanent  and  practical  amelioration  of  the  condition  of 
the  uiany  as  vain,  as  wuuM  be  projects  for  altering  the  location  of 
the  eternal  rorks.  and  making'  the  cranite  of  the  globe  overlay  the 
limestone.  Well  was  it  termed  the '  Dismal  science.'  that  thus  taught 
'  the  very  philosophy  of  despair,  resting  upon  an  arithmetic  of  ruin.' 
Itisuot  singular  that  essentially  retrograde  and  anti-democratic  as 
it  was  in  its  origin  and  its  spirit,  it  should  liave  been  welcomed  in 
Europe  at  a  time  when  conservatism  was  shaken  with  strange  fears 
of  change,  and  perplexed  for  a  plausible  answer  to  the  demands  of 
political  juslice;  but  it  is  strange  that  it  should  have  been  accepted 
in  this  countrv.  and  be  inculcated  expressly,  or  by  necessary  im- 
plication, by  those  who  claim  to  be  pre-eminently  democratic. 

-Such  was  the  revolting  aspect  of  Political  Kconomy,  when,  in 
183i5,  Mr.  Carey  published  his  Essay  on  the  Rate  of  Wages,     the 
main  step  out  of  the  gliwm  of  the  Ricardian  system  gained  by 
this  first  essay  was  its  proof  that  profits  and  wages  do  not  vary 
inversely,  but  that  high  wages  are  an  infallible  evidence  of  pros- 
perity, and  of  the  rapid  increase  of  capital:  thus  establishing  har- 
mony, instead  of  antagonism,  between  the  interests  of  labourers 
and  of  capitalists.     We  do  not  dwell  on  the  importance  of  this 
position,  because  Mr.  Carey  in  his  progress  soon  brought  the  par- 
ticular truth  under  a  more  general  law,  as  is  ordinarily  the  case 
when  an  empiiical  system  begins  to  grow  into  science.    In  1837 
he  published  the  first  Part  of  his  Principles  of  Political  Economy, 
followed  lietween  that  period  and  184U  by  the  three  remaining 
Parts.     A  new  and  very  simple,  but,  as  an  Italian  Economist  has 
justlv  styled  it.  a  very  sagacious,  expression  of  the  measure  or 
limit  of  Value,  as  consisting  not  in  the  labour  expended  in  the  pro- 
duction of  any  thing,  but  in  the  labour  required  to  reprfiduce  it, 
at  the  time  of  estimation,  marks  the  opening  of  this  work.    It 
proceeds  to  establish  these  necessary  consetiuences: — That  the  value 
of  existing  capital  is  constantly  falling  with  the  advant,iges  of  as- 
sociation, and  the  acquisition  of  improved  machinery  which  attend 
the  growth  of  population ;  for  these  reduce  the  labour  of  repro- 
ducing the  various  commodities  of  which  capital  is  made  up.  and 
facilitate  the  construction  of  new  machinery,  by  which  still  further 
economy  may  be  effected.     That  labour  is  therefore  steadily  grow- 
ing in  its  power  to  command  capital,  and,  e  conversn,  the  power  of 
capital  over  labour  as  steadily  diminishing.    That  labour  and  capi- 
tal in  their  combiued  action  are  continually  producing  a  larger  re- 
turn for  the  same  outlay,  of  which  larger  return  an  inrrmKinft  prn- 
portiim,  and  of  course  an  increased  absolute  qnantit\,  gMt-s  tn  the 
labourer,  while  the  share  of  the  capitalist  dimiiiislns  in  its  pri>- 
pnrtion.  but  is  taken  from  a  return  so  large  as  to  yield  him  for  that 
smaller  proportion,  a.  (lu^niity  increased  in  its  absolute  amount. 
Nii  tiuth  no  luminous  as  that  contained  in  this  grand  law  of  Dis- 
tribution had  ever  before  lighted  up  the  p.ath  of  inquiry  into  Social 
Science.     It  gave  the  clew  by  which  History  is  made  intellitrible 
and  consistent,  for  it  alone  explains  the  possiliility  of  that  physi- 
cal, social,  and  political  progress  through  w  hich  aU  classes  advance 
in  their  dominion  over  the  powers  and  the  stores  of  nature,  with 
a  constant  approximation  towards  equality  in  their  relations  to 
each  other,  in  other  words  towards  Democracy. 

"The  doctrines  of  Kicardo  were  not  merely  negatived,  but  re- 
versed, when  in  the  same  work  it  was  shown  that  land  owes  all  its 
Talue  to  labour,  and  so  far  from  exchanging  for  an  amount  of  la- 
hour  equal  to  that  expended  in  bringing  it  to  its  existin-^^  condi- 
tion, never  commands  more  than  the  quantity  requisite  to  bring 
new  land  to  an  equally  productive  condition; — a  quantity  much 
inferior,  because  every  improvement  enables  men  to  expend  their 
labour  more  advantageously  than  their  predecessoi-s.  and  thus  to 
reproduci'  land,   that  is  to  say,  all  those  ameliorations  and  advan- 
tages of  market  which  give  value  to  land, at  a  cheaper  rate.    That 
rent  only  represents  the  interest  on  the  cost  of  reproduction,  and 
therefore  the  profits  of  I;inded  investment  obey  the  same  laws  which 
govern  capital  in  other  forms;  the  landlmd  nlilaining  a  decreasing 
proportion,  though  an  increasing  ijiniiiiiv.  IVum  the  crops  of  his 
domain.    Jlr.  Carey  arrived  at  this  l■^>nl■ln^itnl.  though  he  then 
believed  with  liicardo  in  the  'decreasing  feilility  of  the  soil.'  by 
finding  a  sufficient  compensation  in  the  enhanced  power  of  labour 
through  the  aid  of  capital  (other  than  raw  i»roduce)  growing  at  a 
rate  sufficiently  more  rapid  than  that  of  population  to  countervail 
the  disadvantages  of  its  being  forced  to  the  cultivation  of  the  in- 
ferior lands.     He  has  brought  a  large  portion  of  the  European 
economists,  as  recent  discussions  prove,  up  to  this  stage  of  his  pro- 
gress— a  point  where  they  must  renounce  Malthusianism  entirely, 
and  the  errors  of  Kicardo  in  great  part.     But  the  incongruity  re- 
mains that  "the  decreasing  fertility  of  the  soil"  is  an  ever-growing 
impediment  to  that  accumulation  of  capital,  by  which  at  any  given 
point  its  decreased  productiveness  and  enhanced  demand  for  the 
application  of  labour  may  be  overcome,  and  this  stumbling-block 
remained  until  1848. 

*'In  that  ye.arMr.  Carey  published  The  P.ist,  Present,  and  Fu- 
ture, in  which  he  attacked  the  central  fiilsehood  of  Ricardo's  sys- 
tem, and  demonstrated  that  the  fact  is  the  very  reverse  of  his 
hypothesis.  By  an  elaborate  historical  investigation,  he  shows 
conclusively  that  in  all  countries  in  an  advanced  stace  of  civiliza- 
tion, men,  instead  of  beginning  settlement  and  cultivation  upon 
the  best  soils,  have  begun  upon  the  poorest,  the  licht,  sandy  soils 
of  the  uplands,  which  are  easily  tilled  by  the  rudest  and  least  effi- 
cient tools,  and  that  with  the  improvement  of  machinery,  and  the 
increased  powers  of  association  attending  the  growth  of  popnl.v 
tion.  they  have  proceeded  regularly  to  the  heavy  bottom-lands 
covered  with  dense  timber,  and  requiiing  great  outlays  for  drain- 
310 


wealth:  or' where  they  have  not  receded  to  the  poorer  with  the  in- 
roads of  poverty  and  depopulation.    The  acquisition  of  this  truth 
gave  harmony  and  completeness  to  the  system.     It  accounted  lor 
an  accelerated  rate  in  the  accumulation  of  capital,  by  showing  how 
a  decreasing  proportion  of  a  growing  community  is  able  to  supply 
the  whole  with  food  and  material,  and  an  increasing  proportion  is 
left  free  to  devote  its  labour  to  the  conversion  of  that  material; 
while  it  taught  the  philosophy  of  concentration  as  the  means  of 
facilitating  exchange,  and  the  diversification  of  industry.     It  ex- 
plained the  prevalence  of  war,  and  of  military  institutions  in  the 
earlier  ages  of  society,  by  showing  how  and  why  it  is  that  sparse 
communities,  finding  themselves  stinted  in  food,  and  imtigunng 
themselves  pinched   in  space,  covet  the  territories  of  their  neigh- 
bours, and  waste  their  energies  in  alternate  aggression  and  deleuce 
against  the  reprisal  provoked  by  it,— how  a  military  aristocracy 
(and  all  aristocracies  have  been  military  in  their  origin)  is  possible 
when  wages  are  low.  and  the  landlord   taking  two-thirds  ot  the 
product  of  his  fields  in  the  shape  of  rent,  is  able  to  support  a  re- 
tinue of  men-at-arms  equal  in  number  to  the  cultivators,  and  be- 
comes impossible  as  his  proportion  decreases,  and  that  of  the  culti- 
vators increases— how  the  latter  successively  emerge  from   the 
condition  of  slaves,  serfs,  feudal  vassals,  to  equality  of  political 
rights,  and  Republican  self-government.     We  have  said  enough  to 
indicate  how  naturally  the  system  of  Mr.  Carey,  shining  over  and 
beyond  the  narrow  field  of  material  wealth— to  which  the  old 
school  of  Economists,  not  less  from  necessity,  than  from  inclina- 
tion, limits  itself— lights  up  the  whole  realm  of  political  interests, 
and  all  the  social  relations  of  man.     Slavery  and  the  Slave  Trade 
published  by  Mr.  Carey  in  1850,  is  no  more  than  an  application  tn 
ej-teiiso  to  the  elucidation  of  the  particulartopic  of  principles  clearly 
established  and  developed  in  the  preceding  works.    The  circum- 
stances and  the  policy  which  increase  or  diminish  the  power  of 
men  to  control  their  own  labour  and  its  fruits,  are  treated  with 
the  same  dispassionate  logic  as  a  physiiian  would  employ  in  treat- 
ing of  the  cause  and  cure  of  malarious  fevers,  and  equally  irre- 
spective of  the  colour  or  localitv  of  the  patients.    In  fact,  it  is  the 
characteristic  of  Mr.  Carey's  system.  th;.t  having  based  it  upon 
physical  facts,  and  thus  brought  it  into  affiliation  with  the  positive 
sciences,  he  pursues  the  same  methods  of  investigation  which  have 
conducted  to  precision  and  cert.-iinty  in  physical  discovery ;  and 
thus  arrives  at  those  '  great  constitutive  laws  in  which  dwell  do- 
minion and  the  power  of  prophecy.' 

■'Our  limits  have  confined  us  to  the  elucidation  of  the  radical 
distinction  between  the  American  and  European  systems,  at  the 
expense  of  omitting  any  reference  to  the  diversities  of  their  out- 
growth in  the  minor  developments  and  collateral  consequences. 
The  reader  must  explore  them  for  himself  and  we  trust  will  ere 
long  have  new  aid  in  the  inquiry.  It  is  the  distinction  of  genuine 
science  that  every  step  opens  the  way  for  further  progress,  and 
that  it  tends  to  constant  simplification,  by  bringing  a  wider  range 
of  facts  under  general  laws,  diminishing  in  number  as  they  en- 
large in  scope.  We  have  reason  to  expect  from  Mr.  Carey  the  pul> 
lication  of  his  maturest  views  in  the  order  of  their  logical  genesis. 
This  is  usuallv  the  reverse  of  the  order  of  discovery,  and  admits 
of  much  greater  condensation,  for  man's  path  to  the  central  and 
mother  truth  is  through  a  converging  spiral.  As  he  has  advanced 
from  circle  to  circle,  he  has  announced  his  progress  in  treatises, 
if  not  essentially  polemic  and  critical,  yet  necessarily  swelled  by  a 
mass  of  evidence  and  illustration  which  may  now  be  dismissed. 
To  prove  empiiically  that  the  planets  revolve  in  ellipses,  requiies 
innumerable  observations  of  their  actual  position  and  volumes 
of  figures,  but  the  demonstration  becomes  brief  and  easy  as  soon 
as  the  focus  and  the  law  of  attraction  have  been  ascertained. 

■'Mr. Carey  has  been  an  industrious  anonymous  writer  in  Ma- 
gazines and'  Journals,  in  defence  of  the  protective  policy  which 
his  theory  for  the  first  time  made  logically  tenable,  and  reconciled 
with  the  philosophy  of  Adam  Smith,  which  those  who  quote  with- 
out reading,  or  read  but  in  scraps,  assume  it  to  condemn.  The  Ilai^ 
niony  of  Interests— Agricultural.  Manufacturing,  and  Commer- 
cial, is  devoted  expressly  to  this  topic." 

Carey,  John,  LL.D.,  d.  1829,  a  native  of  Ireland,  was 
well  known  as  the  editor  of  more  than  50  volumes  of  tlio 
Regent's  Classics,  of  Ainsworth's  Ltitin  DictioDary,  &c., 
and  author  and  translator  of  several  useful  works.  AVo 
notice  the  following  valuable  work;  Schleusuer's  Kew 
Testament  Lexicon,  compressed  into  the  Form  of  a  Ma- 
nual. Lon.,  1826,  8vo. 

'•  The  main  principle  of  this  volume  is,  that  it  contains  all 
Schleusuer's  lexicographical  interpretations,  together  with  his 
Scripture  references,  and  thiswithout  .Tbridgment;  while  nothing 
is  sacrificed  but  what,  in  a  majority  of  instances,  may  be  advan- 
taseously  dispensed  with.  .  .  .  Dr.  Carey's  name  is  a  guamntea 
for  correct  impression.'" — Lo7i.  Echciic  Heview,  N.  S.  xxvL  180. 


Carev,  John.     See  Cart. 

Carey,  ftlathew,  1760-1839,  an  eminent  philan- 
thropist, was  a  native  of  Dublin.  His  father,  a  man  of 
great  intelligence,  bestowed  upon  him  nnd  his  five  brothers 
a  libernl  education,  and  they  all  subsequently  became  dis- 
tingui.shed  for  their  learning  or  literary  taste.  At  tho 
early  age  of  17,  Mathcw  pub.  an  Essay  on  Duelling,  which 
was'foUowed  in  1779  by  A  Letter  to  the  Catholics  of  Ire- 
land, which  caused  much  excitement;  and  compelled  his 


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temporary  exile  to  France,  where  he  mnde  the  aequnintance 
of  Dr.  Franklin,  with  whom,  and  with  the  Marquis  de 
Lafayette,  Mr.  Carey  was  on  terms  of  frienHsIiip.  Pietnrn- 
in^  to  Ireland,  he  estahlished  the  Volunteer's  Journal, 
which  speedily  took  its  place  as  the  leading  opposition 
paper  of  the  day,  but  pert;ecution  fmm  the  *;overnment 
led  to  his  arrest  and  imprisonment,  and  finally  forced  him 
in  17S;>  to  quit  his  country.  Arrived  in  Philadelphia, 
where  he  continued  to  rej^ide  until  his  death  in  1839.  he 
commenced  his  career  in  17S5  as  editor  and  proprietor  of 
the  Penn.=ylvania  Herald,  and  this  was  followed  by  the 
American  Museum,  a  monthly  journal  of  which  he  was 
also  editor.  This  periodical  extended  to  L'i  volumes, 
17S7-92,  and  forms  a  valuable  record  of  the  facts  of  that 
period.  Mr.  Carey  was  author  of  numerous  pamphlets  on 
various  subjects  of  public  interest,  and  of  several  books 
which  had  much  su^-cess.  Of  the^^e  the  earliest  published 
in  America  was  a  History  of  the  Yl-Uow  Fever  of  1793,  of 
which  four  editions  were  published.  In  I^IO,  'IT,  he  pub. 
Letters  and  Reflections  upon  the  United  States  Bank.  In 
1814:  appeared  The  Olive  Branch,  or  Faults  on  lioth  Sides, 
Federal  and  Democratic,  an  appeal  to  the  good  sense  of 
the  political  parties  of  the  day  to  lay  aside  their  differences 
during  the  pendency  of  the  then  existing  war  with  Great 
Britain:  this  paper  speedily  passed  through  ten  editions, 
comprising  10,000  copies. 

"  No  publication  has  appeared  since  the  formation  of  the  Ame- 
rican Government  which  contains  such  copious  and  authentic  in- 
formation of  the  state  of  the  country." 

In  181S  appeared  his  ViiKlicnT  Ilihprmcfv :  an  examina- 
tion and  refutation  of  the  charges  against  his  countrymen, 
in  relation  to  the  alleged  butcheries  of  Protestants  in  the 
insurrection  of  1640:  this  work  passed  through  several 
editions.  In  1820  he  gave  to  the  world  The  New  Olive 
Branch,  and  in  1822  Essays  on  Political  Economy,  both 
advocating  the  policy  of  protection  to  domestic  manufac- 
tures. It  is  worthy  of  remark  that  it  is  in  this  particular 
department — the  science  of  Political  Economy — that  one 
of  Mr.  Carey's  sons  (see  article  IIknuv  C.  Carey)  has  be- 
come so  conspicuous  a  labourer.  Mathew  Carey  also  pub. 
a  volume  of  Miscellaneous  Essays.  As  the  mo^t  eminent 
publisher  in  the  United  States,  he  contributed  largely  to 
the  dissemination  of  sound  intelligence  amidst  a  popula- 
tion too  much  occupied  with  the  material  cares  of  life  to 
be  properly  attentive  to  intellectual  culture.  Our  limited 
space  prevents  more  than  a  passing  notice  of  Mr.  Carey's 
zealous  efforts  on  behalf  of  the  helpless  and  afflicted — of 
his  persevering  labours  in  the  promotion  of  public  improve- 
ments and  private  happiness.  We  could  say  nothing  so 
much  to  the  purpose  as  is  contained  in  the  following  ex- 
tract from  a  letter  to  the  late  Joseph  Reed,  Esq.,  of  Phi- 
ladelphia, (son  of  President  Reed,)  from  the  late  John 
Sergeant,  Esq.,  long  one  of  the  most  eminent  statesmen  of 
the  United  States : 

"  Mr.  Cai-ey— a  man  to  whom  we  are  all  a  preat  deal  more  in- 
debted than  we  are  aware  of.  and  who  is  entitled  to  respect  and 
regard  for  the  generosity  of  his  nature,  the  extent  and  variety  of 
his  knowledge,  and  his  devoted  and  disinterested  exertions  in  the 
public  service.  lie  has  jxiven  more  time,  money,  and  labour  to 
the  public  than  any  man  I  am  acquainted  with.  and.  in  truth, 
hnn  founded  in  Philadelphia  a  school  of  public  spirit.  This  is  bare 
justice  to  an  excellent  citizen,  to  whom  also  I  am  free  to  acknow- 
led'^^'e  my  own  particular  obligations  for  his  uniform  friendship." — 
llcxlcn,  April  19,  1S27. 

The  citizens  of  the  United  States  will  ever  owe  to  Mr. 
Carey's  memory  a  debt  of  gratitude  for  his  invaluable 
labours  as  a  citizen,  a  politician,  and  a  philanthropist. 

Carey,  Patrick.  Trivial  Poems  and  Triolets;  edited 
by  Walti-r  Scott,  Edin.,  1820,  4to,  from  the  original  MS. 

"  These  poems  were  previously  printed,  of  which  i^ir  Walter 
Scott  was  not  aware." — Lowxpes. 

Carey,  Phoebe,  sister  of  Alice  Carey,  b.  1825,  has 
pub.,  in  addition  to  Poems  by  Alice  and  Phoebe  Carey, 
Poems  and  Parodies,  1854.     See  Carey,  Alice. 

'■  A  Vein  of  tender  and  jiraceful  religious  sentiment  pervades 
her  more  serious  compositions,  and  her  Parodies  comprise  some  of 
thi?  cleverest  humorous  verse  produced  in  this  country." — R.  W. 
Gri-jwolh. 

Carey,  or  Cary,  Robert,  first  Earl  of  Monmouth, 
b.  1559  or  1560,  d.  IfirtO,  a  near  relation  of  Queen  Eliza- 
beth, and  father  of  Henry  Carey,  second  Earl  of  Monmouth, 
left  MS.  memoirs  of  his  own  life,  which  were  lent  by  Lady 
Elizabeth  Spelman  to  John,  Earl  of  Cork  ant>  Orrery, 
(9.  r.)  who  transcribed  them  with  his  own  hand,  and  pub. 
them  in  1759.  8vo.  They  contain  some  curious  particulars 
oftbesecrethistory  of  the  Elizabethan  period.  Horace  Wal- 
pole,  who  recommended  their  publication,  is  complimented 
by  the  Earl  of  Cork  as  exhibiting  (in  his  Royal  and  Noble 
Authors) 

'•  So  spirited  a  manner  of  writing,  that  he  has  given  wit  even  to 
a  Dictionary,  and  vivacity  to  a  catalogue  of  names." 


Carey,  Walter.     See  Carye.  '* 

Carey,  William.  Stranger's  Guide  through  Lon- 
don,  ISd's,  iSiii,.. 

Carey,  William,  D.D.     Sermon,  1809,  4to. 

Carey,  William,  D.D.,  1701-1834,  missionary  to 
Bengal,  and  Professor  of  Oriental  Languages  in  the  Col- 
lege of  Fort  William.  He  pub.  a  number  of  phihdogical 
works  in  Bengalee,  Bhotanta.  ttc,  and  assisted  in  the  pre- 
paration of  many  more  issued  from  the  Serampore  presa. 
He  was  the  principal  founder  of  the  Serampore  mission. 
1.  Sanscrit  Grammar,  4to,  pp.  1000.  2.  Bengalee-and- 
English  Dictionary,  1815-25,  3  vuls.  4to.  3.  Abridgment 
of  do.  by  Dr.  Marshman,  under  the  supervision  of  Dr. 
Carey,  1827,  8vo.  See  Memoir  by  Rev.  Eustace  Carey, 
Lon.,  1836;  Remarks  on  the  Character  and  Labours  of 
Dr.  Carey,  by  H.  H,  Wilson ;  Life  by  Dr.  Jos.  Belcher, 
Phila.,  1856, ']2mo. 

Carey,  William  Paulett,  1768-1839,  a  native  of 
Ireland,  brother  of  John  and  Mathew  Carey,  (ante,)  took 
part  in  the  struggle  of  1798,  and,  subsequently  removing 
to  England,  distinguished  himself  as  an  eloquent  advocate 
of  art,  artists,  and  political  reform,  and  as  the  author  of 
many  critical  and  poetical  contributions  to  the  periodicals 
of  the  day.  Among  those  on  whose  behalf  his  pen  was 
early  enlisted  may  be  mentioned  Chantrey,  Hogan,  Gib- 
son, and  James  Montgomery. 

Carie,  Walter.     See  Carye. 

Carier,  BeiiJ.,  D.D.  A  Missive  to  K.James,  Paris, 
1649,  8vo ;  his  "motives  for  conversion  to  the  Catholic 
Religion,"  &.v. 

Carion,  John.  The  Thre  Bokes  of  Cronicles,  which 
John  Carion  (a  man  singularly  well  seen  in  the  Mathema- 
tycal  Sciences)  gathered,  with  great  diligence,  of  the  best 
authors  that  have  written  in  Hebrew,  (Jreek,  and  Latine, 
&c.  With  this  was  printed  (written  by  John  Funche,  a 
Lutheran  divine  of  Nureraburg)  An  Appendix  to  the  Thre 
Bokes  of  Cronicles;  gathered  by  John  Carion;  conteyn- 
ing  all  such  notable  thynges  as  be  mentyoned  in  the  Cro- 
nicles, to  have  chaunced  in  sundry  partes  of  the  worlde, 
from  the  yeare  of  Christ,  15.^2,  to  thys  present  yeare  of 
1550.  Both  pub.  in  one  4to  vol.,  in  1550,  by  W.  Lynne. 
See  Watt's  Bild.  Brit.,  and  Lowndes's  Bibl.  Manual. 

Carkeet,  Samuel.  GospelAVorthies:  Senn.,  1719, 8vo. 

Carkes!?e,  Chas,    Tonnage  and  Poundage,  1782,  fol. 

Carkesise,  James.  Lucida  Intcrvalla,  Lon.,  1679,  4to. 

Carlell,  Lodowicke.  Deserving  Favourite;  T.  C, 
1629,  4to.  Passionate  Lovers;  T.  C,  1665,  4to.  Other 
plays. 

Carleton.  Darkness  of  Atheism  dispelled  by  the  Light 
of  Nature,  1652,  4to.  Written  by  Walter  Chaiileton, 
M.D..  tf.  V. 

Carleton,  Captain.  Hyde  Marston,  or  a  Sports- 
man's Lite,  Lon.,  1S44.  ."^  vols.  p.  8vo. 

"A  lar^'c  proportion  cf  the  scenes  are  artual  transcripts  from 
the  reality,  and  it  is  eiiually  certain  that.  ni:iny  of  the  characters 
are  drawn  from  originals." — Lon.  New  Mmitfili/  Mjg. 

Recreations  in  Shooting,  with  some  Account  of  the 
Game  of  the  British  Islands,  1846,  p.  8vo. 

Carleton,  Sir  Dudley,  Lord  Dorchester,  1573- 
1631,  an  eminent  statesman,  was  educated  at  Westmin- 
ster, and  at  Christ  Church,  Oxford.  Letters  from  and  to 
him  during  his  Embassy  in  Holland,  edited  and  pub.  by 
the  Earl  of  Hardwicke,  Lon.,  1757.  4to ;  with  additions  to 
the  Hist.  Preface,  1775,  4to;  1780.  His  lordship  was  the 
author  of  some  piditical  tracts,  and  some  of  his  speeches 
will  be  found  in  Rushworth's  Collection. 

•■  Kiuf;  Charles  used  to  say  that  he  had  two  Secretaries  of  State, 
the  Lords  Dorchester  and  Falkland;  one  nf  whom  was  a  dull  nma 
in  comparison  with  the  other,  and  yet  pleased  him  the  best;  for 
he  always  brought  him  his  own  thoughts  in  his  own  words;  the 
latter  [Falkland]  cloathed  them  in  so  tine  a  dre«s.  that  he  did  not 
always  know  them  aijain." — Sh-  P.  Warwick's  Mfvioirs, 

Carleton,  George,  D.D.,  d.  1628,  born  at  Norham, 
Northumberland,  sent  by  Bernard  Gilpin  to  Edmund  Hall, 
Oxford,  1576;  Bishop  of  Llandaff,  1618;  translated  to 
Chicliester,  1619.  Heroici  Characteres  carmine,  Oxon., 
1603,  4to.  Tithes,  Lon.,  1606,  4to.  On  Jurisdiction.  Re- 
gal, Episcopal,  and  Papal,  Lon.,  1610,  4to.  Concensus 
EcclesijL'  Catholicas  Ac,  Francf.,  16l;i,  8vo.  A  Thankful 
Remembrance  of  God's  Mercy  in  the  Deliverances  of  his 
Church  CejH^.  Eliz.  and  James  I.,  Lon.,  1614,  4to.  Trea- 
tises against  Judicial  Astrology,  Lon.,  1624.  Thirteeu 
Sermons,  17;^6,  8vo.     Other  works. 

•MVhom  I  have  loved  in  regard  of  his  sinjtular  knowledge  in 
divinity,  which  he  professeth;  and  in  other  more  delightful  litera- 
ture, and  am  loved  again  of  him.'* — Camiien. 

'■  His  good  affections  appear  in  his  treatise,  entitnled  A  Thank* 
ful  remembrance  of  God's  mercy :  solid  judgment,  in  his  Confu. 
tation  of  Judicial  Astrology;  and  clear  invention,  in  other  juve* 

341 


CAR 

nile  exercises.  Indeed,  when  young,  he  was  grave  in  his  manners ; 
80  when  old  he  was  youthful  in  his  parts,  even  unto  his  death." — 
Fullfrs  W'irtfi'es. 

Carleton,  Captain  George.  Memoirs  of  an  Eug- 
lisli  Officer,  Lon.,  1728,  Svo.  His  Memoirs,  Edin.,  1808, 
8vo  ;  pub.  in  174-3.  Carleton's  Memoirs  hiive  been  attri- 
buted to  Daniel  De  Foe  and  also  to  Dean  Swift. 

"  Lord  El-IOT ;  *  The  best  account  of  Lord  Peterborouiih  that  I 
have  happened  to  meet  with  is  in  Captain  Carleton's  Memoirs.' 
Johnson  said  he  had  never  heard  of  the  book.  Lord  Fallot  sent  it 
to  him.  Johnson  was  about  goinfi  to  bed  when  it  came,  but  sat 
up  till  he  had  read  it  throu','h;  and  remarked  to  Sir  Joshua  Rey- 
nolds, '  I  did  not  think  a  ijounri  lord  could  have  mentioned  to  me 
a  book  in  the  Euf^lish  history  that  was  not  known  to  me.' " — Bos- 
wdJ's  Johnwn. 

Carleton,  Lancelot.  Letter  to  Rev.  J.  Stade,  Read., 
1727. 

Carleton,  Thomas  Conipton.  Pliilosophia  Uni- 
versa,  Antw.,  1649.  Tbeologia  Scholastiea,  Lcod.,  1659- 
64,  2  vols.  fol. 

Carleton,  William,  M.D.  The  Immortality  of  the 
Human  Soul  demon.«trated  by  the  Ligbtof  Nature,  1699,4to. 

Carleton,  William,  b.  at  Clogher.  Tyrone,  Ireland, 
in  )79S.  was  for  some  time  tutor  in  a  village  school.  He 
resolved  to  try  his  fortune  in  Dublin,  and  in  IS.'iO  pub. 
(anon.)  Traits'and  Stories  of  the  Irish  Peasantry,  2  vols. 
Svo.  Their  great  merit  insured  their  immediate  success. 
A  second  series  was  pub.  in  1832.  In  1839  appeared  Far- 
dorougha,  the  Miser,  or  tbe  Convicts  of  Lisnamona.  In 
1841  he  pub.  The  Fawn  of  Spring  Vale,  The  Clarionet, 
and  other  Tales,  3  vols.  p.  Svo.  Mr.  C.  has  also  pub.  Va- 
lentine McClutchy,  1845,  3  vols.  p.  Svo.  Willey  Reilly, 
1855,  3  vols.  p.  Svo,  and  other  works.  Perhaps  no  Irish 
author  was  ever  more  successful  with  the  acknowledged 
readers  of  criticism  than  Mr.  Carleton  has  been.  He  now 
enjoys  a  pension  of  £200,  and  is  residing  near  Dublin. 

"Shepherd.  'What  sort  o'  vols,  are  the  Traits  and  Stories  of 
Irish  Peasantry,  published  by  Cun-y  4  Co.,  in  Dublin!' 

"North.  'Admirable,  truly!  intensely  Insh.  Never  were  th.at 
wild,  imaginative  people  better  described;  and,  amongst  all  the 
fun,   frolic,   and   folly,   there  is   no  want  of  poetry,  pathos,  and 

passion.'"— Btaclm.  il/ii!?-  .  ,    .v    .•  i  »        j    i,    . 

'  Mr.  Carleton  lias  caught  most  accurately  the  lights  and  shades 
His  tales  are  full  of  vigorous,  picturesque  description 


of  Irish  life.    — ^  .         ^    -  .  ,  . 

end  genuine  p.ithos.   They  may  be  referred  to  as  furnishmg  a  very 
correct  portrait  of  the  Irish  peasantry."— ion.  Quar.  Rev.,  Oct.  1S41. 

Carliell,  Robert.    Britain's  Glorie,  Don.,  1619,  Svo. 

"  To  all  vertvovs  Nobilitie,  Reuerend  Clergie,  and  well-affected 
Oentrie."  , 

Bibl.  Anglo-Poet.,  147,  £2  2s.     It  is  m  verse  and  prose. 

Carlile,  James,  D.D.  A  Manual  of  the  Anatomy 
and  Physiology  of  the  Human  Mind.  The  Use  and  Abuse 
of  Creeds  and  Confessions  of  Faith,  Dubl.,  1836,  Svo. 
Other  works. 

Carlisle,  Sir  Anthony,  1768-1840,  a  distinguished 
surgeon  .and  physiologist.  Disorders  of  Old  Age,  1817, 
4to;  2d  ed.,  ISIS,  Svo.  Alleged  Di-scovery  of  the  Use  of 
the  Spleen  and  Thyroid  Gland,  1829.  For  a  list  of  his 
valuable  mod.  and  bot.  contrib.,  see  Eng.  Cyc,  Div.  Biog., 

Carlisle,  Charles  Howard,  3d  Earl  of,  d.  1738, 
is  worthy  of  mention  among  the  Noble  Authors  for  his 
excellent  poetical  address  in.scribcd  "  To  my  .so.i.  Lord 
Morpeth."  Horace  Walpole  remarks,  (referring  to  the  5th 
Earl,  vide  post :) 

"  The  present  Earl  of  Carlisle  is  his  grandson,  and  may  boast  a 
more  copious  and  correct  vein  of  poetry,  but  cannot  surpass  in 
moral  observation  or  physical  truth,  the  force  of  tbe  precepts, 
directed  to  the  author's  eldest  son  a  short  time  before  his  own  de- 
cease. A  character  is  said  to  have  been  given  of  him  [the  father] 
in  the  Political  State  of  Europe;  but  I  have  sought  without  suc- 
cess for  the  publication  so  entitled."— ffoj/ffi  iimi  A'oWe  Authors. 

Carlisle,  or  Carlile,  Christopher.  Theolog.  Dis- 
course, 1582. 

Carlisle,  Rev.  D.     Roman  Antiquities;v.  Archaeol., 

1794. 

Carlisle,  Frederick  Howard,  5th  Earl  of,  1748- 
1825,  Viceroy  of  Ireland,  a  distinguished  statesman,  is 
entitled  to  a  very  respectable  rank  as  an  author.  Poems, 
1773,  4to.  TheFather's  Revenge;  a  Tragedy,  and  other 
Poems.  lictter  to  Earl  FitzwiUium,  Dubl.  and  Lon.,  1794, 
8vo.  Unite  or  Fall,  Lon.,  1798,  12mo.  The  Step-Mother  ; 
a  Tragedy,  1800,  Svo.  Tragedies  and  Poems,  1801,  Svo. 
Verses  on  the  Death  of  Lord  Nelson,  1806.  Thoughts  on 
the  Stage,  anon.,  1808,  Svo. 

A  criticism  (highly  laudatory)  by  Dr.  Johnson  upon  the 
Father's  Revenge  will  be  found  in  a  letter  to  Mrs.  Chapono. 
See  Boswell's  Johnson. 

In  the  Hours  of  Idleness,  pub.  ISOS,  Lord  Byron  refers 
to  his  relative's  works  as  having  long  received  the  meed 
of  public  applause  to  which,  by  their  intrinsic  worth,  they 
were  entitled;  but  in  revenge  for  an  imagined  slight,  in 

342 


CAR 

1  the  English  Bards  and  Scotch  Reviewers  we  find  the  DO" 
ble  earl  thus  unceremoniously  impaled  with  a  crowd  of 
unhappy  authors. 

"  Let  Stott,  Carlisle,  Matilda,  and  the  rest 
Of  CIrub-street  and  the  Urosvenor-PIace  the  best, 
Scrawl  on,  till  death  release  us  from  the  strain, 
Or  common  sense  assert  her  rights  again." 

To  this  disrespectful  mention  is  appended  a  more  disre- 
spectful note,  of  which  as  the  critic  repented  and  apologizes 
in  Childe  Harold— 

"  .\nd  partly  that  I  did  thy  sire  some  wrong" — • 
we  shall  take  no  further  notice. 

Carlisle,  George,  M.D.  Con.  to  Phil.  Trans..  1766. 
Carlisle,  George  William  Frederick  Howard, 
the  present  Earl  of  Carlisle,  b.  1802,  is  well  known  as  a 
man  of  letters.  His  lordship  a  few  years  ago  travelled  in 
America,  and  on  his  return  communicated  the  results  of  his 
observations  in  1850,  in  a  lecture  delivered  before  the  Me- 
chanics' Institute  at  Leeds.  Some  of  his  comments  have 
found  their  way  into  the  journals.  His  lordship  also  de- 
livered before  the  same  excellent  institution  a  lecture  upon 
the  Life  and  Writings  of  Pope.  In  1854  he  published  A 
Diary  in  Turkish  and  Greek  Waters,  p.  Svo ;  Amer.  ed., 
edited,  with  Notes,  by  Prof  C.  C.  Felton,  Best.,  1855,  12mo. 
"An  unpretending  volume,  which  bears  on  every  page  evidence 
of  tbe  wise  and  tolerant  spirit,  the  various  scholarship,  and  the 
eeusibility  to  the  beautiful  so  characteristic  of  its  noble  author. 
.  .  .  The  account  of  Malta  is  not  the  le.ast  attractive  portion  of  this 
charming  work,  to  which  Felton's  notes  have  given  additional 
value."— Wm.  H.  Prescoit:  P;ii7i>  tlie  Second,  1856, i.  392,  n.,  601,  n. 
See  also  a  review  of  the  Diary  in  Turkish  and  Greek 
Waters,  in  N.  Amor.  Rev..  Ixxxi.  91-112,  July,  1855. 

The  Second  Vision  of  Daniel :  a  Paraphrase  in  Verse, 
1S58.     Sec  Lon.  Athen..  1S5S,  110. 

Carlisle,  Isabella  Byron,  Countess  of,  1721- 
1795,  daughter  of  William,  5th  Lord  Byron,  married  in 
1743,  Henry,  4th  Earl  of  Carlisle,  by  whom  she  had  Frede- 
rick Howard,  5th  Earl  of  Carlisle.  A  volume  on  the  Edu- 
cation of  Youth,  and  a  poem  in  Pearch's  Collection  entitled 
The  Fairy's  Answer  to  Mrs.  Greville's  Prayer  for  Indiffer- 
ence, have  been  ascribed  to  her  ladyship. 

Carlisle,  James.  The  Fortune  Hunters;  a  Comedy, 
Lon.,  1689,  4to. 

Carlisle,  James,  Jr.  Letters  on  the  Divine  Origin 
and  Authenticity  of  the  Holy  Scriptures,  Lon.,  1833,  2 
vols.  12mo. 

"Indicative  of  sound  judgment,  correct  taste,  and  respectable 
acquirement." — Lowndes. 

Carlisle,  Nicholas.  Topographical  Dictionary  of 
England,  1808,  2  vols.  4to;  of  Wales,  ISll,  4to;  of  Scot- 
land and  the  Islands  in  the  British  Seas,  1813,  2  vols.  4to; 
of  Ireland,  1810,  4to. 

"If  ever  there  was  a  book  indispens.able  for  reference  to  a  vast 
variety  of  persons,  it  is  this,  which  bears  at  the  same  time  every 
mark  of  the  utmost  accuracy." — British  Critic. 
Carlos,  James.     Serm.,  1773,  4to. 
Carlton,  Osgood,  of  Massachusetts,  d.  1816.  pub.  a 
number  of  IVIaps  and  works  on  Navigation,  1801-10. 
Carlyle,Alex.,D.D., Edin. ,1721-1805.  Serm.,1779-94. 
Carlyle,  Joseph  Dacre,  1759-1804,  Prof,  of  Arabic, 
Cambridge.     Specimens  of  Arabic  Poetry,  Camb.,  1796, 
4to;   1810,  r.  Svo.     Poems,  1805,  4to. 

"  For  many  elegant  poems,  also,  we  are  highly  indebted  to  Pro- 
fessor Carlyle.  As  beautiful  and  exquisitely  finished  pieces,  they 
are  entitled  to  warm  commendation." — Drake's  Literary  Hours. 
This  eminent  Orientalist  pub,  some  other  works. 
Carlyle,  Robert.  Dc  Vaux;  a  Poem,  1S18,  Svo. 
Carlyle,  Thomas,  the  "  Censor  of  the  age,"  was  born 
in  1795  at  Ecclefechan,  in  Dumfriesshire.  His  father,  an 
agriculturist,  was  noted  for  quickness  of  mental  percep- 
tions, and  great  energy  and  decision  of  character.  After 
preliminary  instruction  at  a  school  at  Annan,  Thomas  was 
sent  in  1810  to  the  University  of  Edinburgh,  where  he  re- 
mained for  seven  or  eight  years,  distinguishing  himself  by 
devotion  to  mathematical  studies  then  taught  there  by 
Leslie.  He  seems  at  this  period  to  have  designed  entering 
the  ministry,  but  the  idea  was  abandoned.  For  about  two 
years  he  taught  mathematics  at  a  school  in  Fife;  on  relin- 
quishing this  post,  he  devoted  himself  in  1S23  to  literature 
as  a  profession.  In  1824  he  contributed  to  Brewster's  Edin- 
burgh Encyclopaedia  the  articles  "  Montesquieu,"  "  Mon- 
taigne," "  Nelson,"  "  Norfolk,"  and  those  on  the  two  ''Pitts ;" 
to  the  New  Edinburgh  Review,  an  Essay  on  Joanna  Bail- 
lie's  Plays  of  the  Passions.  In  the  same  year  he  completed 
a  translation  of  Legendre's  Geometry,  to  which  he  pre- 
fixed an  Essay  on  Proportion,  and  also  pub.  his  trans,  of 
Goethe's  Wilhelm  Meister,  "  a  work  which  betrayed  a  di- 
rection of  reading  destined  to  influence  materially  his  fu- 
ture career."    After  completing  his  trans.,  he  commenced 


CAR 

his  Life  of  Schiller,  which  was  pub.  in  numbers  in  the 
Lornlon  Magazine. — Men  of  the  Time,  Lou.,  1853. 

The  life  of  Schiller  was  highly  commended : 
<'  Schiller  was  one  of  the  great  men  of  his  a-^e,  and  Carlyle  has 
given  evidence  in  this  book  of  a  critical  insitjht  into  his  character, 
both  as  a  man  and  a  writer.  His  analysis  of  the  works  of  Schiller, 
and  his  critical  observations,  are  de*-ply  interesting  and  instructive. 
The  I'ook  will  l)i>  read  with  pU-asure  and  profit." — Lon.  Examiner. 

About  1826  Mr.  Carlyle  married,  and  resided  alternately 
at  Comely  Bank  and  Craigenputtoch,  in  an  estate  in  Dum- 
friesphire.  The  reader  will  find  an  interesting  account  of 
his  manner  of  life  in  the  letters  to  Goethe,  in  the  corre- 
spondence of  the  great  German  bard. 

"  Two  ponies  which  carry  us  everywhere,  and  the  mountain  air, 
are  the  best  medicines  for  weak  nerves.  This  daily  exercise,  to 
which  I  am  much  devoted,  is  mv  only  dissipation;  for  this  nook 
of  ours  [Crait^enputtoch]  is  the  loneliest  in  Britain— six  miles  re- 
moved from  every  one  who  in  any  case  might  visit  me.  Here 
Rousseau  would  have  been  as  happy  as  on  his  island  of  St.  Pierre.*' 

In  his  rural  quietude  Mr.  Carlyle  was  a  contributor  to 
the  Foreign  Review  and  other  periodicals,  and  composed 
his  Sartor  Resartus.  which  was  pub.  in  Eraser's  Magazine 
on  Mr.  Carlyle's  return  to  London,  which  occurred  in  1830. 
It  appeared*  in  book  form  in  1S34,  "  reprinted  for  friends," 
and  in  1836;  again  in  1S41. 

"  The  work  is  a  sort  of  philosophical  romance,  in  which  the  author 
undertakes  to  give,  in  the  form  of  a  review  of  a  Oerman  treatise 
on  dress,  and  a  notice  of  the  life  of  the  writer,  his  own  opinions 
upon  Matters  and  Thinjjs  in  General.  The  hero.  Professor  Teutels- 
droeckh,  seems  to  be  intended  for  a  portrait  of  human  nature  as 
affected  by  the  moral  influence  to  which,  in  the  present  state  of 
society,  a  cultivated  mind  is  naturally  exposed.  .  .  .  The  volume 
contains,  under  a  quaint  and  singular  form,  a  great  deal  of  deep 
thnu!_'ht.  sound  principle,  and  fine  writing.  .  .  .  The  only  thing 
about  the  work,  tending  to  prove  that  it  is  what  it  purports  to  be, 
a  commentary  on  a  re.-il  German  treatise,  is  the  style,  which  is  a 
sort  of  Babylonish  dialect,  not  destitute,  it  is  true,  of  richness, 
vigour,  andat  times  a  sort  of  felicity  of  expression,  but  very  strongly 
tinsed  throughout  with  the  peculiar  idiom  of  theOerman  language. 
This  quality  in  the  style,  however,  may  be  a  mere  result  of  a  great 
familiarity  with  Geraian  literature,  and  we  cannot,  therefore,  look 
upon  it  as  in  itself  decisive,  still  less  as  outweighing  so  much  evi- 
dence of  an  opposite  character.  ...  It  is.  we  believe,  no  secret  in 
England  or  here,  that  it  is  the  work  of  a  person  to  whom  the  public 
is  indebted  for  a  number  of  articles  in  the  late  British  Reviews, 
which  have  attracted  great  attention  by  the  singularity  of  their 
etvle.  and  the  richness  and  depth  of  their  matter.  Among  those 
may  be  mentioned  particularly  those  on  Choractn-idtcs  and  the 
Life  nf  Burns  in  the  Edinburgh  Review,  and  on  Croethe  in  the  Fo- 
reign Quarterly.  . .  .  We  take  pleasure  in  introducing  to  the  Ame- 
rican public  a  writer,  whose  name  is  yet  in  a  great  measure  un- 
known among  us,  but  who  is  destined,  we  think,  to  occupy  a  large 
space  in  the  literary  world.  We  have  heard  it  insinuated  that  5Ir. 
Carlyle  has  it  in  contemplation  to  visit  this  country,  and  we  can 
venture  to  assure  him.  that,  should  he  carry  this  inteution  into 
eSect.  he  will  meet  with  a  cordial  welcome." — Alexander  H.  Eve- 
rett: iV.  Amer.  Jievu'ir.  xli.  45-t,  1835. 

In  1837  he  pub.  The  French  Revolution,  3  vols.  c.  Svo: 
vol.  L.TheBastile  :  vol.  ii.,  The  Constitution  :  vol.  iii.,  The 
Guillotine.  This  work  produced  a  profound  impression 
upon  the  public  mind. 

"  No  work  of  greater  genius,  either  historical  or  poetical.  h.as 
been  produced  in  this  country  for  many  years.  A  more  pains- 
taking or  accurate  investigator  of  fects  and  testimonies  never 
wielded  the  historical  pen." — JV-strnmster  Bevievt. 

••Let  a  man  who  would  exhibit  the  frightful  drama  of  the  French 
Revolution  for  the  benefit  of  his  reader,  place  the  reader  before  its 
scenes,  and  leave  him  to  himself— as  most  men.  in  going  through  an 
interestingbuilding.  longto  be  left  alone  and  not  be  troubled  with 
the  impertinence  of  a  guide.  The  scenes  themselves  are  already 
there — not  painted  or  described  as  by  a  spectator,  but  existing  un- 
intentionally in  the  records  of  thetimes.  Few  things,  perhaps, 
wonld  do  more  to  arrest  our  present  headlong  course  of  license. 
No  hiL'bly-wrought  language  would  be  required,  or  any  language 
but  that  employed  by  the  actors  themselves.  The  most  graphic 
portions  of  5Ir.  Carlyle's  work  are  those  in  which  he  has  most 
closely  transcribed  from  these  sources ;  and  in  other  parts  we  think 
he  has  failed  to  convey  not  only  a  correct  philosophical  view  of  the 
history,  but  even  clear,  vivid  pictures  of  Cict." — Lon.  Qiuxt-Urly 
Review,  Ixvj.  457. 

"  After  perusing  the  whole  of  this  extraordinary  work,  we  can 
allow,  almost  to  their  fullest  extent,  the  high  qualities  with  which 
Mr.  Carlvle's  idolaters  endow  him." — Lon.  Times. 

"  This  is  one  of  the  few  books  of  our  time  that  are  likely  to  live 
for  some  generations  beyond  it.  Some  years  will  pass  before  these 
volumes  begin  to  be  generally  relished;  but  relished  they  will  be, 
and  that  thoroughly,  sooner  or  lat«r." — Lon.  Eraminer. 

"There  is  no  account  of  the  French  Revolution  that  can  be  in 
the  slightest  degree  compared  with  this  fi-r  intensity  of  feeling 
and  profoundness  of  thought." — Lnn.  Mrmthhj  Repnsitnrii. 

'■It  would  be  an  interesting  book  if  well  translated  into  Eng- 
Hsh." 

In  1839  appeared  Chartism;  2d  edit.,  1S40,  p.  Svo. 
See  a  Review  of  this  work  in  the  British  and  Foreign  Re- 
view, xi.  1 ;  also  articles  on  Chartism  in  vol.  xii.  30,^,  and 
in  Blackwood's  Ma}:;.,  xlvi.  289.  His  Six  Lectures  on  He- 
roes. Hero-Worship,  and  the  Heroic  in  History,  delivered 
in  London  in  1840.  were  pub.  in  ]841,  and  4th  edit,  in 
1852,  12mo.  In  1843  Mr.  C.  pub.  his  Past  and  Present, 
p.  Svo. 


CAR 

"Pant  and  Present  has  not,  and  could  not  have,  the  same  wild 
power  which  Surtrn-  Resartus  possessed,  in  our  opinion,  over  the 
feelings  of  the  reader;  but  it  contains  passages  which  look  the 
same  way,  and  breathe  the  same  spirit." — Blackwood's  Mag.,  My.  138. 
Mr.  C.'s  Critical  and  Miscellaneous  Essays  have  been 
collected,  and  the  ?>d  edit,  was  pub.  in  London  in  1S47,  4 
vols.  p.  Svo.  They  have  also  been  pub.  in  America.  See 
a  review  in  Brit,  Quart.  Rev.,  ii.  297.  In  the  same  year 
appeared  the  2d  edit,  of  the  Letters  and  Speeches  of  Oliver 
Cromwell.  Mr.  Carlyle's  Latter  Day  Piimphlets.  Nos.  1, 
2,  3,  and  4,  were  pub.  in  1850,  p.  8v(»  :  the  life  of  his  friend, 
John  Sterling,  pub.  in  1851.  The  3d  ed.  of  The  French 
Revolution  was  pub.  in  1856-57,  3  vols.  p.  8vo ;  3d  ed.  of 
Cromwell's  Letters  and  Speeches,  1857,  3  vols.  p.  Svo ;  4th 
ed.  of  Essays,  1S57,  4  vols.  p.  Svo ;  Lives  of  Schiller  and 
Sterling,  1857,  p.  Svo.  (vol.  vi.  of  collective  ed.  of  Car- 
lyle's works.)  The  Life  of  Frederick  the  Great,  L-.u.  and 
New  York,  1858,  2  vols.  Svo.  A  critic  remark.?,  "  Tho 
work  is  thoroughly  Carlylish,  and  worthy  of  the  author. 
It  has  long  been  announced  that  it  was  to  be  the  work  of 
his  life." 

"  Few  writers  of  the  present  time  have  risen  more  rapidly  into 
popularity  than  Mr.  Carlyle,  after  labouring  through  so  long  a  pe- 
riod of  comparative  neglect.  AVhatever  judgment  critics  may  be 
pleased  to  pass  on  him.  it  is  certain  that  his  works  have  attracted 
of  late  no  common  share  of  attention." — Edinhurgh  Review. 

We  have  quoted  some  highly  commendatory  notices  of 
Mr.  Carlyle  as  an  author;  but  by  many  critics  the  pecu- 
liarities of  his  style  have  been  severely  censured,  and  tho 
value  of  his  .speculations  greatly  doubted. 

"Mr.  Carlyle  has  disdained  the  easy-beaten  track,  and  struck 
out  a  new  taste  in  writing,  combining,  we  had  almost  said,  all  pos- 
sible £aults.  and  yet  not  unlikely  to  become  popular.  .  ..  It  is  la- 
mentable to  see  that  Mr.  Carlyle's  early  writings,  in  which  there 
is  far  the  most  truth  and  genuine  pood  sense,  are  the  most  free 
from  his  faults.  They  appear  to  have  gathered  on  him  as  he  ad- 
vances. Is  it  that  he'is  permitting  himself  to  dress  up  his  style 
like  a  mountebank  to  attract  popular  wonderment,  which  we  have 
too  good  an  opinion  of  him  to  believe?  Or  is  it  that  his  mind  it- 
self as  we  fear,  is  becoming  embarrassed  and  perplexed  with  the 
speculations  into  which  he  is  falling,  and  in  which  he  evidently 
is  struggling  about  like  a  man  sinking  in  the  water,  and  just  be- 
ginning to  suspect  that  he  is  out  of  his  depth?  Some  of  his  early 
writings  are  verv  pleasing  in  their  language,  as  in  their  sentiments. 
(.See,  for  example,  his  paper  on  Boswell.  Miscellanies,  vol.  iii.  114; 
but  his  Life  of  Schiller  appears  to  us  in  point  of  style  by  for  the 
best  of  them  all.  JVote.)  In  his  last  works,  the  Sartor  Resartus, 
and  Chartism,  he  runs  wild  in  distortions  and  extravagancies." — 
Lon.  Quarterly  Review,  Ixvi.  1S40. 

'•Mr.  Carlyle— an  astute  and  trenchant  critic  might,  with  show 
of  justice,  remark— assumes  to  be  the  reformer  and  castigator  of 
liis  age — a  reformer  in  philosophy,  in  politics,  and  religion — d&- 
nouuciuj;  its  mechaTiical  method  of  thinking,  deploring  its  utter 
want  of  faith,  and  threatening  political  society,  obstinately  deaf 
to  the  voice  of  wisdom,  with  the  retributive  horrors  of  repi'ated 
revolutions;  and  yet  neither  in  philosophy,  in  religion,  nnr  in 
politics,  h.as  Mr.  Carlyle  any  distinct  dogma,  creed,  or  constitution 
to  promulgate.  .  .  .  He  is  any  thing  but  aman  of  practical  .ibility. 
Setting  aside  his  style  for  the  present,  let  us  see  whether  he  has 
ever,  in  the  course  of  his  life,  thrown  out  a  single  hint  which 
could  be  useful  to  his  own  generation,  or  profitable  to  those  who 
may  come  after.  If  he  could  originate  any  such  hint,  he  does  not 
possess  the  power  of  embodying  it  in  distinct  language.  He  his 
written  a  History  of  the  French  Revolution,  a  pamphlet  on  Chart- 
ism, a  work  on'  Heroes  and  Hero-worship,  and  a  sort  of  jiolitical 
treatise  entitled  Past  and  Present.  Can  any  living  man  point  to  a 
single  practical  passage  in  any  of  these  volumes?  If  not,  what  is 
the  real  value  of  i\lr.  Carivle's  writings?  What  is  Mr.  Carlyle 
himself  but  a  Phantasm  of  the  sj)ecies  he  is  pleased  to  denounce.'' 
—Blackwood's  Mag.,  liv.  1843;  btvii.  1S50. 

See  Passages  Selected  from  the  Writings  of  Thomas 
Carlyle,  by  Thomas  Ballantyne,  1855.  p.  Svo. 

Carlyle,  Thomas,  of  the  Scottish  Bar.     The  Moral 
Phenomena  of  Germany  ;  2d  edit.,  enlarged.  Lon.,  ISmo. 
Carmarthen,  Marciuis   of.     Journal  of  his  Brest 
E.xpedition,  1G94,  4to. 

Carmey,  Coins  of  the  Kings  of  Syria,  Lon..  1761,  fol. 
Carmichael,  A.  N.  Greek  Verbs,  Lon.,  1841.  p.  8vo. 
Carmichael,  Alex.  Morti6cation  of  Sin,  &c.,  1677. 
Carmichael,  Andrew.  Con.  to  Trans.  Irish  Acad., 
1811:  on  Habit,  and  the  InventionofWriting.  Disquisitions 
on  the  History  and  Metaphysics  of  Scripture,  2  vols.  Svo. 
'■  A  very  remarkable  prodMCtion."— Phrenological  Journal. 

Carmichael,  Frederick,  17US-1751,  Prof,  of  Di- 
vinity in  Marischal  College.     Serms.,  Lon.,  1757,  Svo. 

Carmichael,  James.  Grammatica  Latina  de  Ety- 
mologia,  Canib.,  15^7.  4to. 

Carmichael,  James,  Con.  to  Med.  Com.  and  Ann. 
Med.,  1776-U9. 

Carmichael,  James.  Peerage  of  Scotland,  Edin., 
1791.  4t... 

Carmichael,  Uichard,     Med.  treatises,  1806-18. 

Carnarvon,  Lord.  Don  Pedro;  a  Tragedy,  Lon., 
Svo,  Moor;  a  Poem,  Svo.  Notes  ou  Portugal,  GalUcia> 
Ac,  p.  Svo.  ^ 


CAR 


"  Not  only  a  graphic  description  of  the  country,  hut  it  relates  a 
series  of  pefsonal  aavi-ntures  and  perils  very  unusual  ni  modern 

^'^7^^'sZ^^ny,  interest,  and  value."-K  Ser..Jnur. 
Came,  John.     Letters  in  the  East,  2  vols.;  and  Re- 
collections of  Travels  in  Syria  and  Palestine,  Lon.,  lf>M, 

^  "  Pe(;uliarrv"'valuahle  hy  the  graphic  ^''f  "P"»°.»V^;"'fv  °° 
the  spot,  of  the  pr«,i(  adwd  Uate  nf  1«  j,ac,s  «h.eh  b=Aeheen 
the  thejitres  of  the  great  events  recorded  in  the  Bible,  -ion-  A™ 

""'Svrfaft.^e  Holy  Land,  Asia  Minor,  Ac;  illustrated  by 
Bar'tlett  and  others;    descriptions  by  J.  C,  Lon.,  1!?^»,  '■ 

"""i  Tht'descriptions  are  well  drawn  up  by  Mr.  Carne,  whose  resi- 
dence in  the  J?ast  °ome  years  since  fitted  him  for  such  an  under- 

*'*Live3''of"EmiliTut  Missionaries,  3  vols.  12mo.     Other 

Carne,  Robert  H.     Two  Covenants,  Lon.,  182S,  8vo. 

Carnett,  P.  P.     Wine-Making,  IRU,  8vo 

Carolaii,  Patrick.     Schools  in  Ireland,  IsOb,  etc. 

Carol!,  William.  Answer  to  ColUns's  Essay  con- 
ternin?  the  use  of  Reason,  ic.,  Lon  ,  1707,  8vo. 

•Caron,  R.  P.     Remonstratia  Hiliernoruin,  IbbS,  loi. 

Carpenter,  Agricola.  Psevchognirhica  Anthropo- 
magica  ;  or  a  Magical  Description  of  the  boul,  Lon.,  16o., 

"carpenter,  Benjamin.     Theolog.  and  other  works, 

Carpenter,  Daniel.     The  Poor  Laws,  18»^  8™- 
Carpenter,  Elias.  Nocturnal  Alarm,  Lon    180.1,  8vo. 
Carpenter,  George,  Lord.    Con.  to  Ph.l.  Trans., 
1738  •  account  of  a  bullet  lodged  near  the  gullet. 

Carpenter,   Henry.    The  Deputy   Divinity,  Lon., 

1637,  12nio.  ,.„„    .  , 

Carpenter,  J.     Merchants'  Accounts,  Lon.,  Ib.ii,  tot. 

Carpenter,  J.  Treatise  on  Practical  and  fc.\pen- 
mental  AgriculHue,  1803,  2  vols.  Svo.  .   .  ,  ,  ,     . 

Carpenter,  Jacobus.  Platonis  cum  Anstotcle  in 
Universa  Pliilosophia  Coraparatio,  Pans,  157^,  4to. 

Carpenter,  John,  of  Ricklin,  Essex.  Epicedmm  m 
obitum    decide    ratissimi   principis    Guililmi      Glocestiffi 

^Carpenter,    John.      Sorrowful!    Song    for    Sinfull 
Soules,  Lon.,  15Sfi,  Svo.     Theolog.  treatises   1588-1612. 

•■  Cioins  throuL'h  the  courses  of  lo-ic  and  philosophy  for  the 
space  of  four  years  or  more,  with  uu>5eaned  industry.  —Mhm. 

"carpenter,  Joseph  Edward.    Lays  and  Legends 
of  Fairy  Land.  Ac.,  Lon.,  Svo.     Other  works. 

••  In  the  rank  of  lyric  poets  Mr.  Carpenter  deservedly  holds  a 

■^'^cSenter,  Lant,  LL.D.,  1780-1840  b  at  Kidder- 
minster lather  of  Dr.  W.  B.  Carpenter,  the  distinguished 
physiologist,  (r/.i'.;)  settled  as  Unitarian  minister  at  Exeter 
L  1805:  reinoved  to  Bristol  in  1817.  His  publica  ions 
including  those  which  were  posthumous,  amount  to  44,  ot 
which  we  notice  a  few.  1.  Introduction  to  the  beography 
of  the  New  Testament,  1S05.  12mo.  2.  Unlananism  the 
Doctrine  of  the  Gospel,  1809,  12mo.  3.  Examination  ot 
the  Charges  made  against  Unitarianism,  Ac.  by  Dr.  Jlageo 
to  his  Dfscourses  on  Atonement,  Ac.  1820,  8vo  4.  Prin- 
ciples of  Education,  Intellectual,  Moral,  and  Physical, 

^*"  I  know  of  no  work  more  excellent  or  complete  on  the  subject 
of  education,  in  all  its  parts,  than  this.  It  is  a  monument  to  the 
sound,  pacical  good  sense,  the  enlarged  views,  the  erud.t.on.  and 
the  niety  of  the  author."-C.  D.  Cl.Evi!Lim:  Eng.  L'tA^tU  a-nt. 

5  Harmony  ;  or.  Synoptical  Arrangements  the  Gospels, 
1835  8vo  6  Dissertations  ou  the  Duration  ot  our  Saviour  s 
Ministry,  Ac,  1836,  Svo:  a  reprint  from  Harmony,  Ac. 

"The  third  dissertation  is  particularly  valuable  and  instructive. 

"'t'  "sem^s  on  Practical  Subjects,  1840,  Svo  ;    edited  by 
his  Son,  Dr.  W.  B.  Carpenter.     See  Life  of  Dr.  t.  by  hi.- 
Son,  Rev.  Russell  Lant  Carpenter. 
Dr.  C.  pub.  some  r.ther  works.  ,  .       v 

Carpenter,  Nathaniel,  a  native  of  Devonshire,  b. 
15SS,d.accordingtoWood,  1628,  acc.u-ding  to  Filler  1635, 
was  educated  .at  Edmund  Hall,  Oxford,  berm.  )bl2  Svo. 
Philosophia  Libera,  Ac,  Franef.,  1621,  Svo ;  with  add.  s., 
162'>  Svo  •  Oxf.,  1636,  '75,  Svo.  Memorable  as  one  of  the 
first-attacks  upon  the  Aristotelian  Philosophy  ^.ee  Bruck- 
er's  Hist,  of  Philos.  Geographie  Delineated,  Oxt.,  lb  5, 
4to •  with  addils.,  1625,  4to.  See  a  high  encomium  on  De- 
vonshire at  p.  200.  Achitophel;  Serm.,162!),4to.  berm., 
Oxf.,  1640. 

"  He  was  right-handed  in  the  Cyclopaedia  of  all  arts;  logic,  wit- 
ness hisT/ades  [Philosophia.  *c.;l  mathematics,  expressed  m  the 
S  of  his  Geography  ;^u4  divinity,  appearing  m  his  excellent 
iu 


CAR 

sermons  called  Achitophel.  As  fur  his  Optics,  it  had  been  a  m^f  "• 
plec- ^n  tliat  kind,  iltruly  and  perfecUy prmeed."-.PuH«- s  nurtl.tes. 
Carpenter,  Richard,  d.  1627,  battler  in  E.xeler  Col- 
lego,  Oxford,  15y2;  Fellow,  1596;  pub.  serms..  1612,  16, 
'20  '23.  One  of  his  discourses  was  pub.  in  lbo7.  fol. 
Langbaine  erroneously  suggests  the  identity  of  the  author 
with  the  following.  ,  ,         x     u     i 

Carpenter,  Richard,  D.D.,  a  divine  and  poet,  about 
the  middle  of  the  17th  century,  joined  the  Church  of  Rome, 
returned  to  the  Church  of  England,  and  died  a  Roman 
Catholic.  Experience,  History,  and  Divinity,  Lon.,  1642, 
Svo  Repub.  in  1648  as  The  Downfall  of  Antichrist.  Astro- 
lo'^y  Proved  Harmless,  Pious,  Useful ;  a  Serm.,  1663,  4to. 
Rome  in  her  Fruits,  1663,  4to.  The  Pragmatical  Jesuit 
new  Leavened.  4to.     Other  publications. 

"Those  that  knew  him  have  often  told  me  that  he  was  an  im- 
Budeut  'fantastical  man.  that  changed  his  mind  with  his  cloatha, 
and  tint  Im  lii-^  ju^'sl'S  and  tricks  in  matters  .jf  religion  he  was 
esteemed  a  tlnMl,,i:ical  muuntebank."— .<(/icn.  Oirm. 

Carpenter,  Samuel.  Election  for  Saltash,  1808. 
Carpenter,  Stephen  Cullen,  d.  about  1820,  a  nit- 
five  of  Great  Britain,  and  settled  in  the  U.  States  in  1803, 
where  he  soon  united  with  J.  Bristed  as  co-editor  of  the 
U.S.  Jla-'azine.  pub.  at  Charleston,  S.C.  He  originated 
the  Monthly  Register,  pub.  at  Charleston,  ISOo.  He  had 
been  previously  engaged  as  reporter  of  the  Pariiamentary 
proceedings  during  the  trial  of  Hastings,  and  from  his 
personal  knowledge  doubtless  was  enabled  to  make  the 
»reat  speeches  of  Sheridan  on  the  Belgium  affairs  as  found 
fn  the  Select  Speeches  of  Dr.  Chapman.  He  was  the 
author  of  the  Overiand  Journey  to  India,  pub.  under  the 
assumed  name  of  Donald  Campbell ;  2d  cd.,  ISOO-IO.  Life 
of  Thomas  Jefferson,  Phila.  and  N.  York,  1809,  2  vols.  Svo. 
Select  American  Speeches ;  being  a  sequel  to  Dr.  Chap- 
man's Select  Speeches,  Phila,,  1S15,  2  vols.  Svo.  See 
Donald.  Campbell.  ,  „  ,,• 

Essay  on  the  Vices  and  1  oUies 


Educational  works,   1798- 


Carpenter,  Thomas. 

of  .Mankind.  Ac.  1795. 
Carpenter,  Thomas. 

1813  :  Orthography.  Ac 

Carpenter,  Thomas.  Devotional  Reflections  on  the 
Psalms  of  David,  Lon..  1S37;  2d  ed.,  1841,  ISmo. 

Carpenter, William,  D.D.  Fast  Serm. ,Lon.,17i6,4to. 

Carpenter,  William.  Calendarium  Palestinifi,  1825, 
8vo.  This  is  a  very  useful  work.  Scripture  Difficulties 
Examined  with  a  View  to  their  Solution,  1S25,  Svo.  The 
author  elucidates  700  passages  in  the  Old  and  New  'Testa- 
ments Popular  Lectures  on  Biblical  Criticism  and  Inter- 
pretation,  Lon.,  1826,  Svo.  Scripture  Natural  History, 
1828  Svo.  Dr.  Harris's  Natural  History  (Boston,  Mass., 
1820)  is  generally  preferred;  but  some  consider  Carpenter's 
work  "more  readable." 

"Without  that  pretence  to  originality  which  in  the  present  day 
is  as  much  dislinguislied  by  personal  vanity  aa  it  is  at  variance 
with  truth  Mr.  Carpenter  has,  we  think,  presented  to  tlie  public 
an  interesting  and  useful  work."— ion.  Clu-is.  Keniemh. 

A  Guide  to  the  Practical  Reading  of  the  Bible,  Lon., 

1S30,  ISmo.  ^    . 

"  This  is  a  useful  and  interesting  compilation,  and  gives  in  a  very 

small  compass  a  great  deal  of  information."-CTi.  of  Ireland  Mag. 
Biblical  Companion,  Lon.,  1836,  Svo.  ^_ 

"To  the  use  of  less  advanced  students  it  is  especially  adapted. 

— DR.  K.  WlI.LI.^MS. 

Carpenter,  William  Benjamin,  M.D.,  F.R.S.,  .son 
of  Dr   Lant  Carpenter;  a  distinguished  ].hysiologist  and 
eminent  writer  on  physiology  ;    Prof.  Med.  Jur.  in  Univ. 
Coll.,  London  ;  Lecturer  on  General  Anatomy  and  Physio- 
logy at  the  London   Hospital   School  of  Med.,  and   E.xa- 
miner  in  Physiology  and  Comparative  Anat.  in  the  Univ. 
of  London  ;  studied  medicine  in  University  College,  1833  ; 
passed  his  examination  in  the  Royal  College  of  Surgeons 
and  Apothecaries'  Soc,  1835;    subsequently  pursued  his 
studies  in  the  Univ.  of  Edinburgh,  where  his  capacity  for 
original  thought  and  dealing  with  the  most  profound  phy- 
siological discussions  became  apparent.     1.  On  the  Volun- 
tary and   Instinctive   Actions  of    Living    Beings,    Edin. 
Med.  and  Surg.  Jour..  No.  132.     2.  The  Unity  "f  Func- 
tion in  Organized  Beings,  Edin.  New  Phil.  Jour.     3.  The 
Differences  of  the    Laws   regulating  Vital    and  Physical 
Phenomena;    ibid.     4.   Dissertation  on  the  Physiologie_al 
Inferences    to    be    deduced    from    the    Structure    of    the 
Nervous   System   in  the  Invertebrate   Class  of  Animals, 
Edin     1S38      After  publishing  the  above,  he  graduated  at 
Ediui.urgh  in   1S39.     5.  Principles  of  General  and  Com- 
parative Physiology,  Lon.,  1839,  Svo ;    2d  ed..l.Ml.Svo; 
9th  ed.,  rewritten,  was  pub.  in   1854,  entitled   (b)   Prin- 
ciples of  Comparative  Physiology;  (7)  the  Principles  of 
Gcncr.'il   Physiology  being  pub.  in  a  separate  vol.     Men 
Amer.  ed.,  Phda.,  iS54,  Svo. 


CAR 

"Not  the  profession  only,  but  the  scientific  world  at  large,  must 
feel  deeply  iiuiebted  to  DV.  Carpenter  for  tkis  great  work." — Lon. 
Medical  Tunes. 

"An  Encyclopedia  of  the  subject,  accurate  and  complete  in  all 
respects;  a  tiutliful  reflection  of  the  advanced  state  at  which 
science  has  nuw  arrived." — Dublin  Qtiar.  Jour,  of  Medical  Science. 

"A  truly  magnificent  work, — in  itself  a  perfect  physiological 
Btudy." — Ranking  s  Abstract. 

-'  No  treatise  on  I'hyaiology  which  Iiaa  hitherto  appeared  in  our 
languiige  exceeds  the  present,  either  in  the  comprehensiveness  of 
its  principles  or  in  ibe  value  and  abundance  of  its  facts.  We 
recommend  it  to  all  our  readers  and  to  men  of  science  of  every 
description." — British  and  Forevjn  Mediral  Ifeview. 

"  In  Dr.  Carpenter's  work  will  be  found  the  best  exposition  we 
possess  of  all  that  is  furnished  by  comparative  anatomy  to  our 
knowledge  of  our  nervous  system,  as  well  as  to  tlie  mure  general 
principles  uf  life  and  organization." — Dr.  Holland's  Medical  Notes 
and  Rejkctinnn. 

'*  I  recommend  to  your  penisal  a  work  recently  published  by  Dr. 
Carpenter.  It  h;is  this  advantage:  it  is  very  much  up  to  the  pre- 
sent state  of  knnwlidge  of  the  subject.  It  is  written  in  a  clear 
style,  and  is  \\A\  Ulustrated." — Prof.  Skarpey's  Jntroduc.  Lecture. 

'•See  Dr.  Carpenter's  Principles  of  General  and  Comparative 
Physiology, — a  work  which  makes  me  proud  to  think  he  was  once 
my  pupil." — Dr.  EUU>tson''s  Physiology. 

8.  Principles  of  Human  Physiology,  Lon.,  1S46,  8vo;  4th 
od. ;  6th  American  ed.,  from  the  4th  Enjjlish  ed.,  with 
additions  by  Francis  Gurney  Smith.  M.D.,  Prof.  Institutes 
of  Medicine  in  the  Pennsylvania  Medical  College. 

"  We  speak  advisedly  when  we  say  that  w«  know  of  no  work  on 
physiology  from  which  the  student  is  likely  to  derive  so  much 
advantage.  The  whole  of  it  reflects  the  highest  honour  upon  the 
talents,  knowledge,  and  judgment  of  the  author." — Bi-itisk  aiid 
foreign  Medical  Review. 

'■Di. Carpeutei-*s  work,  Human  Physiology,  is  an  important  one 
in  support  of  the  spirituality  of  the  mind.  Nothing  can  be  more 
Batisfiictory  than  his  arguments  and  illustrations  as  to  the  distinct 
existence  and  manifestatiuns  of  the  thinking  principle." — BlaJccy's 
ffist.  of  tlie,  Phihfii'phy  of  Mind. 

Nos.  6,  7,  and  S  are  now  pub.  as  three  independent  vols., 
comprising  the  whole  range  of  Biological  Science. 

9.  Vegetable  Physiology  and  Botany,  1844,  8vo.  10.  A 
Manual  of  Physiology,  1846,  fp.  8vo.     Several  editions. 

"Although  designed  for  the  student  and  framed  expressly  to 
meet  his  wants,  it  is  a  work  that  may  be  cousulted  with  advantage 
by  most  physicians  and  surgeous,  however  learned." — British  and 
Foreign  Medical  Revieuy. 

11.  Elements  of  Physiology,  including  Physiological 
Anatomy,  8vo.  12.  The  Popular  Cyclopjedia  of  Natural 
Science,  1847,  5  vols.  8vo.     Commenced  in  1843. 

"  It  possesses  merits  of  a  very  high  order.  The  talents  and  at- 
tainments of  its  autlior  are  evidently  such  as  qualify  him  to  take 
his  station  as  an  original  author,  experimenter,  and  discoverer 
among  the  most  excellent  sons  of  science." — Lon.  Eclectic  Review. 

13.  Zoology  and  Instinct  in  Animals,  1848,  2  vols.  p.  Svo. 

"For  clearness  of  arrangement,  perspicuity  of  style,  and  read- 
able matter,  we  know  of  no  complete  work  on  zoology  which  we 
couid  recommend  so  fully  as  this  by  Dr.  Carpenter." — ton.  Athen. 

14.  A  Prize  Essay  on  the  Use  of  Alcoholic  Liquors  in 
Health  and  Disease;  2d  ed.,  1S51.  12uio.  New  Amer.  ed., 
with  a  Preface  by  Dr.  D.  F.  Condie,  M.D..  and  Explana- 
tions of  Scientific  Words,  12ino.  15.  Mechanical  Phi- 
losophy, Astronomy,  and  Horology,  1848,  Svo.  16.  On 
the  Microscope :  its  Revelations  and  its  Uses,  1856,  8vo. 

"The  works  of  Dr.  Carpenter  manifest  some  of  the  best  qualities 
both  of  the  thinker  and  the  observer." — Morell's  Hist,  of  Modem 

Pha-'S..  q.V. 

Carpmeal,  W,  Reports,  Patent  Cases,  Lon.,  r.  Svo, 
4th  ed..  1S46.     The  Law  of  Patents  for  Inventions. 

"Designed  for  inventors  and  others  unlearned  in  the  law.  but 
may  be  consulted  with  profit  by  professional  readers  on  points  of 
practice,  and  for  the  scientific  illustrations  which  abound  in  the 
work." — Miri'in'.<i  L'-gal  Bibl. 

See  Ci-RTis,  Grorgb  T. 

Carpue,  J.  S,  The  Muscles  of  the  Human  Body,  as 
they  appear  on  Dissection,  Lon.,  1801,  4to. 

"  An  esteemed  work." — Lowxdes. 

Electricity  and  Galvanism,  1803,  Svo.  Account  of  Sur- 
gical Operations,  1816,  '19. 

Carr,  Allan.  A  Peacable  Moderator,  Lon.,  4t.o;  re- 
specting the  book  of  Common  Prayer. 

Carr,  George,  1704-1776,  ediicatcd  at  St.  John's  Col- 
lege, Cnmbridt;e  ;  appointed  senior  clergyman  of  the  Epis- 
copal Chapel.  Edinburgh,  1737,  where  he  officiated  39  years. 
Sir  William  Forbes  pub.  his  sermons,  Edin.,  1777,  S"  vols. 
12rao:  5th  edit,  1784,  2  vols.  Svo. 

'•AUhouLih  they  do  not  contain  the  profound  reasonings  of 
Butler,  nor  the  elegant  discussions  of  Sherlock;  neither  the  iearn- 
iug  of  Tillotson.  nor  the  declamation  of  ^eed.  they  exhibit  the 
most  useful  and  important  truths  of  the  gospel,  not  only  with 
plainness  and  perspicuity,  but  in  langu.age  always  elegant,  and 
seldom  incorrect." — .Sir  Wiluam  Forbes. 

'■  They  are  sliort,  vigorous,  important,  and  useful." — Dr.  David 
Scot. 

"To  his  merits  as  a  preacher,  great  as  they  were,  the  lustre  of 
his  private  character  wns  still  superior:  the  death  of  such  a  man 
was  a  real  loss  to  society."' — Dr.  Beattie. 

Carr,  J.  H.  Prize  Essay  :  The  Local  Ministry,  1851, 
cr.  Svo. 


CAR 

Carr,  Jo,  His  Ruinous  Fall  of  Prodigalitie,  Lon., 
1573,  Svo. 

Carr,  Sir  John,  1772-1832.  of  the  Middle  Temple. 
The  Striinger  in  France,  Lon.,  1803,  4to.  A  popular  work. 
The  Stranger  in  Ireland,  1806,  2  vols.  4to.  This  was  ridi- 
culed by  Edward  Dubois  by  the  publication  of  his  jcn 
d'esprit.  My  Pocket  Book,  1807,  12rao.  A  Tour  through 
Holland.  Is07,  4to.  Caledonian  Sketches,  1809.  4to.  De- 
scriptive Travels,  1811,  4to.  Sir  John  also  pub.  some 
poems.  lSO:i.  "09,  and  a  Drama,  1804. 

Carr,  John,  LL.D.,  1732-1S07,  master  of  the  Gram- 
mar School  at  Hertford.  Vol.  3d  of  Tristram  Shandy, 
1700.  This  imitation  of  Sterne  was  soon  detected.  Filial 
Piety,  1703,  fol.  To  a  Critic,  1764.  fol.  Eponina,  1705. 
The  Dialogues  of  Lucian,  trans,  from  the  Greek,  1773-98, 
5  vols.  Svo. 

'■  An  excellent  translation,  that  preserves  much  of  the  wit  and 
spirit  of  the  ori-'inal." — Dr.  Advm  Clarke. 

Carr,  Lascelles  Robert.  Serms.,  1800.  '01,  '04.  4to. 
Carr,  Nicholas,  Professor  of  Greek,  University  of 
Camliridge.  Epl^tola  ad  J.  Checura,  Lon.,  1551,  4to.  Do 
obitu,  &,c.  M.  Buciri,  1551,  4to.  Demosthenis  Graecorum 
Oratorium,  ^c,  1571,  4to.  Epistola  Berth.  Dodingtoni, 
itc,  1571,  4to.  De  Scriptorum  Britannicorum  Puucitate, 
&c.,  1576,  12mo.  Ilearne  commends  Carr  as  an  elegant 
and  judicious  Latiuist. 

Carr,  Ralph.    Mahumetane  Historye.  Lon.,  1600,  4to. 
Carr,  Richard,  M.D.     EpistoUe  Medieinales,  Lon., 
1691,  Svo;  published  in  English  by  Quiucy  as  Medicinal 
Epistles.  1714,  Svo. 

Carr,  Rich.     Algebraist's  Companion,  Lon.,  1751,  Svo. 
Carr,  Robert.     Eugenia;  a  Tragedy,  1766,  Svo. 
Carr,  Samuel,  D.D.,  Prebendary  of  St.  Paul's.     Ser- 
mons on  practical  subjects,  Lon.,  1795,  3  vols.  Svo;  seve- 
ral edits.,  1817,  3  vols.  Svo. 

"  A  valuable  accession  to  this  extensive  theological  class.  The 
styleisembellishedwith  those  temperate  ornaments  which  increase 
its  beauty  without  destroying  its  simplicity." — British  Critic. 

Carr,  T.  S,,  master  in  King's  College  School,  has  pub. 
a  number  of  useful  classical  guides;  Greek  aud  Latin; 
Mythology:  Antiquities. 

Carr,  William.  Travellers'  Guide  in  the  German 
States,  Ac.,  1600,  '8S. 

Carr,  William,  Glossary  of  the  Craven  Dialect, 
Lon.,  1828,  2  vols.  Svo. 

'•\Ve  would  particularly  recommend  it  to  our  dramatists  and 
novelists.    They  have  now  the  means  of  studying  the  present 
form  of  West  Kiding  dialect  synthetically  as  well  as  analytically. 
We  can  vouch  for  the  general  accuracy  of  the  dialect  and  idiom." — 
Lon.  QiUirterly  Review. 
"Of  great  value." — Archdeacon  Todd. 
Carr,  William  Wiudle.     Poems.  Lon.,  1791,  Svo. 
Carre,  Thomas,  alias  Miles  Pinkney,  d.  1674,  a 
native  uf  Broomhal,  founded  a  Nunnery  (Sion)  at  Paris, 
1634.  and  became  resident  Confessor.     Pietas  Parisiensis 
et  Romana,  Paris,  1666,  ]2mo  :  Oxf.,  1687, 12mo.     Funeral 
of  Charles  I.;  Serm.  on  Ps.  ii.  ID,  1670,  12mo. 

Carrel,  Armaud  N.,  1800-1S36.  History  of  the 
Connter-Revolution  fur  the  Re-Establishment  of  Popery 
in  England  under  Charles  II.  and  James  IL.  by  Armand 
Carrel;  to  which  is  added  the  History  of  the  Early  Part 
of  the  Reign  of  James  IL,  by  C.  J.  Fox,  sm.  Svo,  1854. 

'•  The  reigns  of  the  last  two  Stuarts  have  leen  written,  with  the 
mind  of  a  dtatesman  and  the  hand  of  a  vigorous  writer,  by  Armand 
Carrel." — Edin.  Rev. 

As  we  kuownotthenameof  the  translator  of  this  valuable 
work,  we  introduce  it  under  that  of  the  French  author. 
Carrick,  A.,  M.D.     Medical  treatises,  1797,  1803. 
Carrick,  John  D,     Life  of  Sir  William  Wallace. 
'•The  lifst  hi^ti.)ry  with  which  weare acquainted  of  ihose  important 
events  which,  under  the  auspices  of  that  hero  and  palri'tl.  led  to 
the  re-establishment  of  Scottish  indep*'ndence." — Edin.  Lit.  J<-ur. 
Carrier.  Kcasuus  for  Forsaking  Protestantism,  161 4, 4  to. 
Cai-rigaii,  Philiv-     Map  of  iS'ew  Hampshire,  1816. 
Carrington,  F.  A.   Legal  repts.  and  works,  1823-50. 
Carrington,  James.    Theological  treatises,  1750-76. 
Carrinsiton,  Jas,     Serms.  on  Isa.  ii.  78  ;  Ephes.  v.  15. 
Carrinsiton,  Noel  Thomas,  1777-1S30,  a  native 
of  PIvmouth,  England,  pub.  several  poems  of  great  merit. 
The  Banks  of  Tamar,   1820.     Dartmoor.   1826.     My  Na- 
tive Village.     Poems  collected  in  2  vols.  12mo. 

"Dartmoor  met  with  greater  success  than  the  author  had  eve? 
iared  to  anticipate.  It  was  received  with  much  delight  by  the 
public,  and  was  very  highly  spoken  of  by  the  periodical  press.*'— 
Lon.  Ginf.  Mag.,  March.  ISSl. 

Carrington,  Robert  Smith,  Lord.  Speech  deli- 
vered at  the  Board  of  Agriculture,  1803,  4to. 

Carrington,  S.  History  of  Oliver  Cromwell,  Lon., 
1659,  Svo. 

Carrington,  Susanna.  The  Perjured  Husbandj 
a  Tragedy,  Lon.,  1700,  4to. 

as 


CAR 

Carrington,  W.     Angler's  Vade-Mecum,  1818, 12mo. 

Carroll,  B.  R.  Historical  Collection  of  South  Caro- 
lina, N.  York,  18uti,  2  vols.  Spo.  A  valuable  collection 
relating  to  the  early  literature  of  South  Carolina, 

Carroll,  Wm.     On  Locke's  Essay,  Lon.,  1706,  Bvo. 

Carruthers,  William,  of  Virginia.  1.  Cavaliers  of 
Viri'inia.  2.  The  Kentuckian  in  New  York.  3.  The 
Kufghts  of  the  Horse-Shoe ;  a  Traditionary  Tale  of  the 
Cocked-Hat  Gentry  in  the  Old  Dominion,  Wetumpka,  Ala., 
1845. 

Carson,  Alexander.  Theolog.  treatises.  The  lol- 
lowing  have  been  highly  commended:  Explanation  of  the 
Principles  of  Biblical  Interpretation  of  Erncsti,  Ammnn, 
Stuart,  and  other  Philologists ;  A  Treatise  on  the  Figures 
of  Speech ;  A  Treatise  on  the  Right  and  Duty  of  all  Men 
to  read  the  Scriptures,  New  York,  ISbi.  12nio,  pp.  463. 

"He  differs  from  Stuart  and  other  prominent  ptidologists. 

"One  of  the  first  Biblical  critics  of  the  nineteenth  century.  — 

Carson,  James,  M.D.  Med.  and  Political  treatises, 
Livcrp.,  1800-15.  .  ^  „    ,.     ,  t. 

Carson,  Joseph,  M.D.  Illustrations  of  Medical  Bo- 
tany 2  vols.  4to.  Synopsis  of  the  Course  of  Lectures  on 
Mate'ria  Medica  and"  Pharmacy,  delivered  in  the  Umver- 
Eity  of  Pennsvlvania,  Phila.,  pp.  208,  1852,  Svo.  Amer. 
edit,  of  Pereirii's  Materia  Medica,  Phila.,  1854,  2  vols.  8vo. 
Carstairs,  J.  Works  on  Writing,  Lon.,  1814,  '15. 
Carstairs,  or  Carstares,  William.  See  McCor- 
JIICK,  Joseph,  D.D. 

Carswell,  Francis,  D.D.  Serms.,  1684,  S9,  ito. 
Carte,  Samuel,  1653-1740,  Prebendary  of  Lichfield, 
Coventry,  England,  was  educated  at  Magdalen  College, 
Oxford."  Serms.,  1649,  1705,  4to.  Tabula  Chronologica 
Archiepiscopatuum  et  Episcopatuum  in  Anglia  et  Wallia, 
Ac,  sine  anno.  Con.  to  Phih  Trans,  arid  Bibl.  Top.  Brit. 
He  was  an  intelligent  antiquary,  and  Dr.  Willis  and  Dr. 
Stukeley  acknowledged  his  assistance. 

Carte,  Samuel,  grandson  of  the  above,  also  a  learned 
antiquary,  edited  Brewster's  Collectanea  Ecclcsiaslica,  to 
which  he  added  some  valuable  notes.  He  also  assisted 
Johnson  in  his  account  of  the  benefactions  and  chanties 
of  Coventry.     See  Archa;ol.,  x.  209,  1792. 

Carte,   Thomas,  1686-1754,  father  of  the   ahove, 
was  a  native  of  Clifton,  in  Warwickshire.     He  was  ad- 
mitted of  University  College,  Oxford,  in  1698;  took  his 
degree  of  B.A.  in  1702,  and  was  subsequently  incorporated 
at  Cambridge,  where  he  hecame  M.A.  in  1706.     After  tr.a- 
velliuf  on  tlie  Continent,  he  entered  into  holy  orders,  and 
was  appointed  reader  of  the  Abbey  Church  at  Bath,  where 
he  preached  a  discourse,  January  30,  1714,  in  which  he 
vindicated  the  character  of  Charles  L  with  reference  to 
the  Irish  rebellion.     This  elicited  a  controversy  with  Dr. 
Chandler,  which  called  forth  Carte's  first  publication— The 
Irish  Massacre  set  in  a  Clear  Light :  see  Lord  Somers  s 
Tracts.     When  George  I.  ascended  the  throne.  Carte  was 
unwilling  to  take  the  oaths  to  the  new  government,  and 
therefore  assumed  a  lay  habit.     For  a  time  he  assisted 
Jeremy  Collier,  who  preached  to  a  Nonjnring  congregation 
in  London.     Carle  was  suspected  of  being  concerned  in 
the  rebellion  of  1715,  and  orders  were  issued  for  his  arrest. 
He  escaped,  and  became  secretary  to  Bishop  Atterbury, 
which  incre.ased  the  suspicions  against  him.  and  a  rew.ard 
of  £1000  was  offered  for  his  person.     Carte  now  fled  to 
Fr.anoe,  where  he  resided  for  some  years  under  the  name 
of  Phipps.     He  mingled  with  men  of  learning,  and  fre- 
quented the  best  libraries,  which  enabled  him  to  collect 
materials  for  illustrating  an  English  edition  of  Thuanus. 
In  1724  he  consulted  Dr.  Mead  as  to  the  best  mode  of  pub- 
lication.    The  doctor  perceived  the  \alue  of  the  collec- 
tion, and  determined  to  publish  the  whole.     He  purchased 
them  from  Carte,  and  confided  them  to  the  care  of  Mr. 
Buckley,  who  gave  them  to  the  world  in  1733,  7  vols.  fol. 
By  the  intercession  of  Queen  Caroline,  Carte  was  permitted 
to  return  to  his  native  country.     Ho  arrived  in  England 
between  1728  and  1730.     In  1735  appeared  the  3d  and  in 
1736  the  1st  and  2d  vols,  (fol.l  of  his  History  of  the  Lile 
of  James,  Duke  of  Ormonde,  from  his  birth  in  1610  to  his 
death  in  1688.     This  is  one  of  the  most  important  histo- 
rical works  in  the  language,  and  contains  the  fullest  ac- 
count of  the  Irish  rebellion.     The  author  was  rewarded 
by  the  approbation  of  the  best  judges  in  the  premises: 

•'  Your  history  is  in  great  esteem  here.  .'VU  sides  seem  to  like 
it  The  dean  of  St.  Patrick's  [Swift]  honours  jou  with  his  appro- 
bation. Any  name  after  his  could  not  add  to  your  .satisfaction. 
But  1  may  iay.  the  worthy  and  the  wise  are  with  you  to  a  man, 
and  you  have  me  into  the  bargain."— ioij  Omrii  s  LrHtr  t,<  UirU 
"Carte's  Life  of  the  Duke  of  Ormonde  is  considered  as  a  booK 
of  authority;  but  it  is  ill  written.    The  matter  is  diffused  in  too 

i,_ :^ !.....,:..»      r,n    ..mnn,.o«Ki(in.   no  VlirOUr. 


Of  authority;  but  it  is  iiiwrnien.     au«  uiivtLwi  i.^  u. ««....,«  ...  — 
many  words ;  there  is  no  animation,  no  compression,  no  vigour 

34e 


CAR 

Two  good  volumes  in  duodecimo  might  be  made  out  of  the  two 
rthree^l  in  folio."— Dr.  Jou.nson.  .  . 

SVe  are  glad  that  the  doctor's  expunging  views  ^ere  not 
adopted  by  the  editor  of  the  beautiful  edition  pub.  in  1861, 
Oxford,  6  vols.  Svo.  Let  the  historical  reader  procure  this 
edition  forthwith.  -  „     ,      j 

The  author  had  long  projected  a  history  of  ingland— 
findin.'  much  fault  with  Rapin  and  with  Rymer  s  locdera— 
and  in  April,  1738,  he  pub.  "A  general  account  of  the  ne- 
cessary materials  for  a  history  of  England  ol  the  society 
and  subscriptions  proposed  for  defraying  the  expenses  ol 
it  and  the  method  in  which  he  intended  to  proceed  m 
carrying  on  the  work."  In  October  £600  per  anniina 
were  subscribed,  and  the  historian  set  to  work  with  a  glad 
heart  We  have  not  space  in  which  to  enumerate  the 
learned  and  corporate  bodies  who  favoured  this  great  un- 
dertaking :  suffice  it  to  say  that  seldom  has  an  author  been 

'°  ^evTwf  s  a  history  more  anxiously  expected,  and  mo™  ^"J- 
ously  supported.  The  City  of  London  and  the  University  of  Ox- 
ford seemed  to  yie  with  e.^ch  other  in  their  acts  of  generosity.  - 
Dilitliii's  Library  Omjianirm.  , 

In  1744  he  was  arrested  by  the  government  for  supposed 
desi.-ns  favourable  to  the  Pretender,  but  nothing  was  found 
to  justify  his  detention.  In  August,  1744,  was  printed  m 
an  Svo  pamphlet,  -A  collection  of  the  several  papers  that 
had  been  published  by  him  relative  to  his  great  woili. 
Proposals  for  printing  were  circulated  in  1746,  and  m  De- 
cember, 1747,  the  first  volume  was  given  to  the  world. 

■'Of  the  first  volume  of  this  History,  160  copies  were  printed  on 
royal  paper.  860  on  a  second  size,  and  2000  on  small  paper.  Of  the 
succeeding  volumes.  100  only  were  printed  on  royal  paper,  and  650 
on  small  paper."— -VWio/s's  Lileram  Am'cdotes.  n.  p.  101. 

But  a  few  lines  in  this  noble  book  were  permitted  to 
brin<'  the  whole  into  undeserved  odium.  Carte  in  one  of 
his  notes,  not  originally  intended  for  publication,  refers 
to  the  "  sanative  virtue  of  touching  for  the  king  s  evil, 
and  adduces  the  case  of  a  Christopher  Lovel  who  was 
touched  by  the  Pretender,  and  cured.  We  make  a  short 
extract,  as  this  is  a  curious  literary  anecdote : 

••  From  thence  Christopher  made  bis  way  fir.st  to  Pans,  and 
thence  to  the  place  where  he  was  touched,  in  the  beginning  of 
November  following,  by  the  eldest  lineal  descendant  ot  a  race  of 
kings,  who  had  indeed  for  a  long  succession  of  ages  cured  th.^t 
distemper  by  the  royal  touch.  But  this  descendant  and  next  heir 
of  their  blood  had 'not,  at  least  at  that  time,  been  crowned  or 

""now 'there  was  no  treason  in  this.  His  avowed  object 
was  to  prove  that  it  was  an  error  to  suppose  that  the  'sa- 
native virtue"  resided  only  in  the  eldest  descendant  of  the 
royal  line,  or  in  the  wearer  of  the  crown.  That  the  Pre- 
tender had  the  blood-roval  in  his  veins,  no  one  could  deny. 
But  the  corporation  of  London,  perhaps  not  unwilling  to 
recommend  themselves  to  the  reigning  monarch  by  their 
rather  ostentatious  h.y.alty,  withdrew  their  subscriptions, 
and  the  history  was  neglected  by  the  Bceotians  of  that 
generation.  In  1749  it  was  retailed  at  a  shilling  a  num- 
ber (36  nos..  1.  e.  vol.  1,  all  yet  pub.)  to  those  who  had  the 
sense  to  profit  by  the  stolidity  of  their  "f  gl>''™'-=-  .1^"' 
Carte  struggled  manfully  on.  The  2d  vol.---l 21 6-1509--- 
nppearedinl750;  and  the  3d-1509-1613-in  1/52  \  ol. 
4th  1613-54,  was  pub.  in  1755,  about  a  year  alter  the  au- 
thor's decease.  He  intended  to  have  brought  it  dow;n  to 
the  Restoration.  His  valuable  materials  were  lelt  by  Mrs. 
Carte,  for  his  lifetime,  to  her  second  husband,  JSlr.  Jerne- 
gan,  then  to  be  deposited  in  the  University  of  Oxford. 
Mr  Jernegan  delivered  them  to  the  University  in  In  8, 
for  a  valuable  consideration.  Whilst  they  were  in  his 
possession,  he  charged  the  Earl  of  Hardwicke  £'200  for  the 
perusal  of  them,  and  Jlr.  Macpherson  paid  £.100  for  the 
same  privilege.  His  History  of  Great  Britain  Lon.,  17 ,5 
2  vols.  4to,  and  Original  Papers,  1775,  2  vols.  4to,  with 
Extracts  from  the  Life  of  James  II.,  as  written  by  himself, 
show  that  he  was  disposed  to  lose  nothing  by  the  invest- 

°"  1-he  character  of  Macpherson  seems  at  an  end.  He  endeayoured 
to  deceive  the  public,  and  to  make  them  bebevo  that  the  extiacts 
he  gave  were  from  the  king's  o,„„  journal;  but  this  they  were  not 
He  nerer  saw  the  journal,  as  I  have  before  mentioned  He  made 
extracts  from  the  Stuart  papers,  and  additions  from  Carte.  — Jlo/. 
,'^mylh's  Lectures  on  Mmi.  Hist. 

For  the  ten  4to  vols,  of  the  Brunswick  Papers,  Macpher- 
son was  indebted  to  a  fortunate  purchase  of  Mr.  Duanc  .s. 

Mr.  .lernegan  was  pleased  with  such  a  profitable^  mode 
of  assisting  literary  antiquaries,  and  as  late  as  li7o  he 
advertised  that  he  was  still  willing  to  loan  them  for  a  con- 
sideration. But  there  were  no  more  Earl  Hardwickcs  and 
Macpbersons  to  be  found,  and.  as  we  have  stated,  be  re- 
ceived a  handsome  sum  in  1778  to  place  them  in  their 
intended  repository.  Wo  need  not  wonder  that  few  were 
hardy  enough  to  attack  "20  folios,  15  quartos,  and  some 


OAK 


CAR 


loose  papers"  in  MS. :  for  such  was  the  hulk  of  those 
which  treated  of  matters  from  1654  to  168S.  Of  borrowers 
from  Carte,  Hume  is  one  of  the  largest,  and  would  have 
acted  with  more  justice  by  a  frank  acknowledgment  of 
his  obligations.  It  is  amusing  to  observe  the  cavalier 
manner  in  which  he  incidentally  alludes  to  Carte  in  his 
noles  as  "a  late  author  of  great  industry  and  learning, 
but  full  of  prejudices  and  of  no  penetration."  The  two 
authors  occupy  the  same  relative  position  as  those  of  the 
laborious  miner  and  the  skilful  polisher  of  the  precious 
metal,  which  but  for  the  assiduity  of  the  former  might  still 
be  undistinguished  beneath  the  clod.  But  those  who  wish 
to  gather  ail  the  gold  must  still  revert  to  Carte. 

''  You  may  read  Hume  for  his  elotiuence,  but  Carte  is  the  his- 
torian fiir  facts." — Warton. 

*'  Altbou:j:h  the  author  died  before  the  publication  of  the  last 
volume  iu  1755 — intending  to  bring  his  work  down  to  the  Resto- 
ration— yet  he  lived  lou^  enou-jh  to  witness  its  success,  and  the 
victory  which  be  obtained  over  its  numerous  opponents,  and  the 
shame  attachL-d  to  those  who  bad  withdrawn  their  oriizinal  pa- 
trona<;e.  This  work  will  live  louj^,  and  always  be  consulted." — 
Dibdin's  Library  Chmpanum. 

"  Notwithstandini;  our  author's  opinions  and  pre^iudices,  his 
general  History  is  undoubtedly  a  work  of  great  merit  in  point  of 
information.  It  is  written  with  eminent  exactness  and  diligence, 
and  with  a  perfect  kuowled'ie  of  orijiiinal  authors." — Biog.  Brit. 

"  In  the  eitrly  part  of  the  Kn^dish  History,  I  should  always  pre- 
fer the  history  of  Carte  to  any  other  historian.  lie  was  indef:iti*ra- 
ble  himself,  in  his  researches,  having  dedicated  his  whole  life  to 
them,  and  was  assisted  in  what  relates  to  "Wales  by  the  labours  of 
Mr.  Lewis  Morris,  of  Penbryn,  in  Cardi;:ranshire.  As  for  his  poli- 
tical prejudices,  they  cannot  be  supposed  to  have  had  any  bias  in 
what  relates  to  a  transaction  five  hundred  years  ago,  and  which 
hath  nothing  to  do  with  the  royal  touch  for  the  cure  of  king's 
evil." — Daines  Baerinuton. 

"His  learned  work,  which  in  other  respects  is  but  indifferently 
Written,  is  replete  with  very  useful  researches,  though  mixed  with 
incurable  prejudices." — MoNS.  D'Eyverddm:  voyez  Memoires  Lit- 
tfiraires  de  la  Grande  Bretagne,  1768. 

Dr.  Richard  Rawlinson  declined  the  arduous  task  of 
completing  this  valuable  History.  Mr.  Carte  also  pub. 
The  History  of  the  Revolution  of  Portugal.  T740,  Svo, 
6ome  Translations,  &g.  In  1742  he  pub.  A  Full  Answer 
to  a  Letter  from  a  Bystander.  (Corbyn  Morris,  Esq.,  F.R.  S,.) 
which  appeared  in  I74I.  This  elicited  some  other  pam- 
phlets. 

"These  tracts  embody  much  curious  discussion  and  information 
with  respect  to  taxation,  and  the  expenditure  of  the  public  re- 
venue for  a  lengthened  period." — McCulhch\<i  Lit.of  Polit.  Ecmomy. 

Carter.  Instructions  for  the  Ladies  in  Riding,  1783, Svo. 

Carter,  Benjamin,     Sermons,  1712-29. 

Carter,  Bezoleel.     Sermons,  1618.  '21. 

Carter,  Charles.     Works  on  Cooking,  17.S0,  '32.  4to. 

Carter,  E.,  of  Exeter.  Con.  to  Phil.  Mag.,  ISlfi, 
Description  of  a  Gas  Lamp  for  Coal  Mines. 

Carter^  Edmund.  Artificer's  Looking-Glass,  Lon., 
1726,  Svo. 

Carter,  Edmund.     Assize  Sermon,  1712,  Svo. 

Carter,  Edmund,  of  Chelsea.  The  History  of  the 
County  of  Cambridge  from  the  Earliest  Account  to  the 
Present  Time,  Camb.,  1753,  Svo ;  2d  edit,  continued  to 
1819,  by  Wm.  Upcott. 

"  The  original  edition  having  become  extremely  rare,  140  copies, 
(100  on  small,  and  40  on  large,  paper)  have  been  reprinted  to  gra- 
tify the  Topographical  Collector."     See  Upcott's  Preface. 

The  History  of  the  University  of  Cambridge,  from  its 
Origin  to  the  Year  1753;  in  which  a  particular  Account  is 
given  of  each  College  and  Hall,  their  respective  Founda- 
tions, Founders,  Benefactors,  Bishops,  Learned  Writers, 
Masters,  Livings,  Curiosities,  tfcc,  Lon.,  1753,  Svo,  pp.  viii. 
and  471,  with  table  and  errata  page. 

"  This  most  inaccurate  book  is  the  best  outline  for  a  history  of 
the  university,  which  we  possess." — Lowndes. 

By  no  means :  Thomas  Baker's  MS.  Collections  afford  a 
much  better  guide,  (see  the  name  in  this  volume,)  where 
we  have  already  urged  the  preparation  of  an  Athene 
Cantabrigiensibus.  With  all  due  modesty,  we  think 
that  this  Dictionary  would  be  a  great  assistance  to  a  Cam- 
bridge Anthony  Wood.  We  give  a  specimen  of  Carter's 
work : 

"  In  the  course  of  this  work,  Mr.  Oirkr  mentions  such  as  were 
most  famous  for  their  learning  and  abilities,  belonging  to  that 
TJniversity;  and  as  a  specimen  of  bis  judgment  and  talents  for 
characterizing  learned  men,  take  the  following  account  of  the 
great  Dr.  Middleton. 

"  Dr.  CoNTERS  MiDDLETON,  Fellow  of  Trinity  ColUge..  many  years 
chief  librarian  of  this  University,  author  of  Marcus  Tullius  Cicero, 
A  free  ewjuiry  into  the  miracitlous  porvers,  Ac,  and  some  other 
learned  pieces,  in  which  he  displayed  his  learning,  and  lost  his  cha- 
racter, as  a  divine,  and  as  a  churchman^    See  Lon.  Won.  Kev..  175.?. 

After  perusing  this  copious  a,nd  perspicuous  morsel  of 
biography  and  bibliography,  even  we  feel  encouraged  to 
proceed. 

Carter,  Elizabeth,  1717-1S06,  an  ornament  to  her 
eex^  and  an  honour  to  her  race,  was  the  eldest  daughter 


of  the  Rev.  Nicholas  Carter,  D.D.,  perpetual  curate  of 
the  chapel  in  the  town  of  Deal,  Kent.  Whilst  yet  very 
young,  she  displayed  a  great  desire  for  knowledge,  to  which 
was  added  unwearied  diligence  in  its  acquisition,  which  is 
the  more  creditable  from  the  difficulty  she  experienced  in 
learning. 

"  This  ardent  thirst  after  knowledge  was  at  length  crowned  with 
complete  success,  and  her  acquirements  became,  even  very  early 
in  life,  sncb  as  are  rarely  met  with.  What  she  once  gained;  she 
never  afterwards  lost,  an  efl'ect,  indeed,  to  be  expected  from  the 
intense  application  by  which  she  acquired  her  learning,  and  which 
is  often  by  no  means  the  case  with  those,  the  quickness  of  whose 
faculties  renders  labour  almost  useless." — Kev.  Montagu  Penning- 
ton: Memoirs  of  Mrs.  Carter,  Lon.,  1S07,  4to. 

She  first  made  her  appearance  as  an  author  in  173S, 
when  she  published  a  volume  of  Poems,  (in  4to,)  composed 
before  she  was  twenty  years  of  age.  These  were  first  pub. 
anonymously,  and  were  not  subsequently  much  admired 
by  the  fair  author,  for  in  another  collection,  pub.  in  1762, 
Svo,  she  only  admitted  two  pieces  from  the  former  volume  ; 
{.  €.  Lines  on  her  Birth-Day,  and  an  Ode  of  Anacreon, 
which  she  had  trans,  before  her  17th  year.  In  1739  she 
pub.  a  trans,  from  the  French — the  Examen  of  Crousaz  on 
Pope's  Essay  on  Man.  In  the  same  year  she  gave  to  the 
world  a  trans,  from  the  Italian  of  Algorotti's  Newtonionis- 
mo  par  le  Dame;  Algorotti's  Explanation  of  Newton's 
Philosophy  for  the  Use  of  the  Ladies,  2  vols.  12mo.  These 
evidences  of  ability  gave  the  authoress  considerable  repu- 
tation in  the  literary  world  at  home  and  abroad.  Her 
Ode  to  Wisdom,  one  of  her  best  poetical  pieces,  was  com- 
posed in  1746.  In  1719,  at  the  solicitation  of  her  friend 
Miss  Talbot,  and  Dr.  Seeker,  then  Bishop  of  Oxford,  after- 
wards Archbishop  of  Canterbury,  she  commenced  a  trans- 
lation of  the  writings  of  Epictetus.  The  choice  was  a  good 
one.     Hereby  all  were  admitted  to  enter 

"That  noble  school  of  Philosophy,  which  preserved  great  souls 
untainted  at  the  court  of  dissolute  and  ferocious  tyrants,  which 
exalted  the  slave  [Epictetus]  of  one  of  Nero's  courtiers  to  be  a 
moral  teacher  of  after  times."— SiR  James  Mackintosh. 

This  excellent  work,  not  originally  intended  for  the 
press,  was  pub.  in  175S,  4to  ;  pp.  34  and  505.  1018  copies 
were  struck  off  at  once,  and  250  more  within  three  months 
afterwards.     The  price  was  one  guinea. 

"  It  sold  so  well,  and  the  price  kept  up  so  remarkably,  that  some 
years  after  Dr.  Seeker,  then  Archbishop  of  Canterbury,  brought  a 
bookseller's  catalogue  to  her,  saying,  Here,  Madam  Carter,  see 
how  ill  I  am  used  by  the  world ;  here  are  my  sermons  selling  at 
half-price,  while  your  Epictetus  truly  is  not  to  be  had  under  IS 
shillings;  only  three  shillings  less  than  the  original  subscription." 

By  this  publication  Mrs.  C.  was  a  gainer  by  about 
£1000.  As  regards  the  merits  of  this  translation,  it  is 
sufficient  to  quote  Dr.  Warton's  opinion  that  it  "excels 
the  original."  Her  reputation  as  a  profound  and  elegant 
classical  scholar  was  now  established  upon  a  firm  basis. 
Dr.  Johnson  had  always  been  a  warm  admirer  of  her 
talents,  and  as  early  as  April,  173S,  wrote  to  Cave: 

"I  have  composed  a  Greek  epigram  to  Eliza,  and  think  she 
ought  to  be  celebrated  in  as  many  different  languages  as  Lewis  le 
Grand.''     See  Gent.  Mag.,  April,  173S,  for  this  Epigram  to  Eliza. 

Cave  thought  that  they  should  be  better  known  to  each 
other,  and  introduced  them.  Johnson  was  then  29,  and 
"Eliza"  21.  She  mentioned  the  name  of  her  new  ac- 
quaintance to  her  father,  in  a  letter  to  the  worthy  clergy- 
man.    His  answer  is  amusing  to  the  present  generation : 

"  You  mention  Johnson:  but  that  is  a  name  with  which  I  am 
utterly  unacquainted.  Neither  his  scholastic,  critical,  nor  poeti- 
cal character  ever  reached  my  ears.  I  a  little  suspect  bis  judgment 
if  he  is  very  fond  of  MartiaV— Pennington's  Memoirs  of  Mrs. 
Carfrr. 

Now,  when  a  young  lady  dwells  in  her  letters  upon  the 
name  of  a  new  male  acquaintance,  especially  if  she  be  of 
a  literary  turn,  and  adduce  his  literary  tastes,  be  assured 
that  her  heart  is  no  Gibraltar.  Even  Johnson's  physical 
ugliness  could  be  forgotten  in  the  classic  charm  of  his 
comments  upon  Martial,  and  other  worthies  of  the  "elder 
time."  But,  alas  for  his  corpulent,  elderly  wife,  alas  for 
Mrs.  Johnson !  she  was  too  substantial  to  be  dissipated  by 
the  incantations  of  Anacreon  or  the  reveries  of  Plato! 
Perhaps  this  is  all  imagination  on  our  part.  Perhaps 
there  was  nothing  more  like  love  for  Johnson  than  she 
woidd  have  felt  for  the  animated  bust  of  Epictetus  had  it 
suddenly  assumed  life  and  corrected  the  translator's  ver- 
sion. However,  tbey  lived  in  friendship  for  nearly  half  a 
century,  that  is,  until  Johnson's  death  in  1784.  Some  of 
our  readers  of  the  gentler  sex  will  tell  us  that  the  airy 
tissue  of  Love  could  never  be  woven  into  the  substantial 
fabric  of  a  46  years'  friendship !  Perhaps  this  is  as  proper 
a  place  as  any  to  state  that  Elizabeth  Carter  was  never 
married.  Seriously,  we  have  no  idea  of  any  stronger  feel- 
ing than  mutual  regard  between  the  author  of  Rasselaa 
and  the  translator  of  Epictetus.     That  under  other  cir- 

347 


CAR 


cumstances,  there  was  sufficient  congeniality  of  taste  to 
have  led  to  more  tender  sentiments,  no  one  can  question. 
That  Mrs.  Carter  would  have  made  a  good  wile,  we  have 
Johnson's  own  authority: 

"  Upon  hearing  a  lady  commended  for  her  learninf;.  Dr.  Johnson 
said,  '  A  man  is  in  general  better  pleased  when  he  has  a  good 
dinner  upon  his  table,  than  when  his  wife  talks  Gr^eli.  My  old 
friend  Mrs.  Carter,'  he  added,  '  could  make  a  pudding  as  well  as 
translate  Epictetus  from  the  Greek;  and  work  a  handkerchit-f  as 
well  as  compose  a  poem.' " 

Johnson  as  early  as  173S  had  been  anxious  that  she 
Bhould  turn  her  learning  to  account,  for  Cave  writes  to 
Birch  in  that  year  :  .,,.,„ 

"  Mr.  .lohnson  advises  Miss  C.  to  undertake  a  translation  of  isoe- 
thius  de  Cons,  because  there  is  prose  and  verse,  and  to  put  her 
name  to  it  when  published."'  r     t. 

When  a  celebrated  Greek  scholar  was  spoken  ol,  the  i 
doctor  remarked,  "  Sir,  he  is  the  best  Greek  scholar  in 
England,  except  Eliz.4BETH  Cakter."  It  is  not  a  little 
curious  that  the  lady's  translation  of  Crousa-i's  E.tamen 
of  Pope's  Essay  on  Man  was  ascribed  to  Johnson.  Bos- 
well  quotes  an  article  from  Dr.  Birch's  MSS.  in  the  Briti.sh 
Museum,  which  confirmed  his  opinion  that  his  "guide, 
philosopher,  and  friend"  was  not  the  translator : 

•'  Klisu  Carterie  S.  P.  D.  Thomas  liirch  Versionem  tuum  Kxa- 
minisCrous:i/i:inijam,.erlegi.  .  .  .  Summam  st.vli  et  elegantiim, 
et  in  re  difti.illinia  |,r.,i,rietatem.  admlratus.    Dabam  Novemb.  2/,  I 
1T3S."     See  liinh  MSS,,  Brit.  Mus..  43l^i. 

As  a  linguist,  Mrs.  Carter  was  familiar  to  a  greater  or 
less  degree°with  Hebrew,  Greek,  Latin,  Italian,  Spanish, 
French,  and  German.  „      , ,       .., 

Of  the  few  numbers  contributed  to  the  Rambler,  Nos. 
4i  and  100  are  by  Mrs.  C.  Eighteen  years  after  their 
first  introduction,  Johnson  writes  with  much  gallantry  to 

the  lady :  ^^  <•  r. 

'■The  name  of  Miss  Carter  introduces  the  memory  of  Cave. 
Poor  dear  Cave !  I  owed  him  much ;  for  to  him  I  owe  that  I  have 
known  vou. ' — Jan.  14.  IToii.  .,     -n 

Twenty-eight  years  later  Johnson  remarked  at  the  Jissex 

••  I  dined  yesterday  at  Mrs.  Cxrrick's  with  Mrs.  Carter,  Miss 
Hannah  Jlor'e,  and  Fanny  Burney.  Three  such  women  are  not  to 
be  found."  .  .  ,    r 

Thus  comely  and  pleasant  was  that  friendship  which  lor 
nearly  half  a  century  nothing  hod  broken  ;  but  Dealh  ac- 
com]ilished  what  naught  else  could,  and  in  a  few  months 
after  the  above  was  spoken,  the  "  mourners  went  about  the 
streets"  for  one  of  the  greatest  of  philosophers  and  best  of 
men.  Mrs.  Carter's  testimony  to  his  worth  should  have 
great  weight  with  those  petty  cavillers  who  would  question 
the  excellence  of  an  apostle,  if  he  should  happen  to  prove 
that  he  was  not  quite  an  angel  also ! 

"  I  see  by  the  papers  that  Dr.  Johnson  is  dead.  In  extent  of 
learning,  and  exijuisite  purity  of  moral  writing,  he  has  left  no  su- 
perior, and  1  fear  very  few  equals.  Ills  virtues  and  his  piety  were 
founded  on  the  steadiest  of  Christian  principles  and  faith.  His 
faults.  I  firmly  believe,  arose  from  the  irritations  of  a  most  suffer- 
ing state  of  nervous  constitution,  which  scarcely  ever  allowed  him 
a  moment's  ease." — Lt'tUr  to  Mrs.  Montagu. 

Be  it  remembered  that  this  is  the  testimony  of  one  of 
the  wisest  of  women  and  most  devout  of  Christians.  Let 
those  who  would  be  convinced  of  this — especially  let  all 
of  that  sex  upon  which  she  has  conferred  such  undying 
honour— peruse  the  Memoirs  of  her  Life  by  Mr.  Penning- 
ton, (1807,  4to;  1808,  2  vols.  Svo,)  and  her  Letters  to  Miss 
Talbot  and  Mrs.  Vesey  (1808,  2  vols.  4to;  l.-^og.  4  vols. 
8vo;)  and  to  Mrs.  Montagu,  (1817,  3  vols.  8vo.)  The  fol- 
lowing commendation  from  one  of  the  most  polished  gen- 
tlemen of  Europe  will  have  far  more  weight  than  any 
thing  which  we  can  urge  : 

"  Mrs.  Carter's  Correspondence  pleases  me  very  much ;  the  purity 
and  respectability  of  their  lives.  [Mrs.  Carter  and  Mrs.  Vesey,] 
their  uninteirupted  friendship,  the  elegance  of  their  pursuits- 
form  altogether  an  agreeable  subject  of  conversation."— SlE  J.4MES 

M^CKI.VTOSE. 

So  truly  humble  was  the  unobtrusive  female  whom  the 
rank  and  genius  of  the  land  delighted  to  honour  that 
when  Mr.  Pennington,  her  nephew,  told  her  of  his  design 
of  writing  some  account  of  her  life  if  he  should  survive 
her,  she  replied—"  '^Vhat  can  be  said  of  so  obscure  an  in- 
dividual as  I  am?  and  what  do  you  think  the  world  will 
care  about  me?" 

What  a  noble  example  does  this  excellent  woman  pre- 
sent f..r  the  emulation  of  her  sex  !  We  have  occasionally 
in  the  course  of  this  volume  felt  it  our  duty  to  stimulate 
the  ambition  of  our  female  readers  to  the  acquisition  of 
Bomething  better  than  mere  fashionable  elegance,  and 
nidder  conquests  than  those  afforded  by  the  Opera  or  the 
Ball-room.  The  amelioration  of  the  heart,  the  cultivation 
of  the  intellect,  the  visitation  of  the  poor  and  wretched, 
the  instruction  of  the  ignorant,  and  the  duties  ol  devotion, 
Eurely  have  higher  and  holier  claims  upon  immortal  be- 
318 


CAR 

ings  than  the  frivolities  of  fashion  and  the  petty  compe- 
tilTons  of  rivalry,  where  success  is  without  honour,  and 
pre-eiiiineuce  entitled  only  to  contempt. 

Carter,  Francis,  d.  1783.     A  Journey  from  Gibral- 
tar to  Malaga,  Lon.,  1777,  2  vols.  Svo;  plates  sold  sepa- 
rately; reprinted,  1778,  2  vols.  Svo,  including 
Mr.  C.  resided  long  in  Spain,  and 


the  plates, 

_    ^  _  collected"'a  library  of 

books  in  the  Spanish  language,  of  which  he  drew  up  a 
descriptive  catalogue,  with  biographical  notes  and  speci- 
mens of  style.  Only  one  sheet  was  pub. — An  Historical 
and  Critical  Account  of  early-printed  Spanish  Books — 
when  ho  was  overtaken  by  death.  Mr.  George  Ticknor, 
of  Boston,  h.as  recently  published  A  History  of  Spanish 
Literature,  New  York,  and  London,  1849,  3  vols.  Svo, 
which  has  been  higlily  commended,  (%:  n.) 

Carter,  Francis,  M.D.  An  Account  of  the  various 
Systems  of  Medicine,  from  the  days  of  Hippocrates  to  the 
present  time,  Lon.,  1788,  2  vols.  Svo. 

-.sofar  is  the  author  from  giving  an  account  of  «fe  uarioMS  .^ys- 
tems,  &€..  that  he  wholly  omits  several,  touches  but  slightly  on  a 
few,  and  fiiUi/  e:rplains  only  one  system,  viz.,  that  of  Dr.  Brown. 
Di-  Carter  seems  no  less'indined  to  abuse,  than  was  his  late  friend, 
Dr  B  ;  but  he  abuses  with  less  art  and  less  keenness.  «  e  shaU 
conclude  with  an  humble  hint  to  the  defenders  of  the  Brunonian 
doctrine:  a  weak  cause  requires  a  .strong  advocate;  but  we  have 
not  observed  tluit  any  very  powerful  champion  hath  yet  entered 
the  lists  in  fiivour  of  the  opinions  maintained  by  the  late  Dr. 
Brown." — Lon.  Monthti/  Jtevtew.  11^9. 

Carter,  George.  Loss  of  the  Grosvenor  E.  India- 
man,  1791,  8vo. 

Carter,  Harry  W.,  M.D.  Remarks  upon  a  pub.  by 
Belsham,  1819,  Svo. 

Carter,  Henry  Y.,  Surgeon.  Con.  to  Med.  Facts, 
1792-95. 

Carter,  John.  Vindicise  Decim.arium,  Lon.,  1040, 
4to.  This  is  a  plea  for  the  Jus  Vivinnm  of  Tithes,  based 
on  Hebrews  vii.  8. 

Carter,    John.     The   Nail   hit  on    the   Head;    two 

Serins.,   Lon.,    I.i47,  4to.     The   Tomb-stone,   and  a  rare 

Sight,  Lon.,  ir.J3,  12ino. 

I      Carter,  John.     Life  of  J.  C,  the  Authors  Father, 

I  1653,  Svo.  .,      , 

1      Carter,  John.     Practical  English  Grammar,  Leeds, 

1773,  Svo.  . 
Carter,  John.     Treatises  on   Infant   Baptism,   Ac, 

1774,  'SO,  '81,  '88. 
i      Carter,  John.     Albert;  a  Tragedy,  1787,  Svo. 

Carter,  John,  F.  S.  A.,  an  eminent  architect,  1748- 
1817,  was  a  native  of  London.  Specimens  of  Ancient 
Sculpture  now  remaining  in  England;  commenced  in 
numtiers,  1780,  terminated  in  1794;  not  completed ;  price 
£15  15». ;  new  edit.,  much  improved,  with  illuminations 
and  complete  Index,  1838,  2  vols.  r.  fob  in  one ;  £8  8«., 
120  lar.'e  engravings.  The  letter-press  was  written  by 
Francis  Douce,  the  Rev.  Jlr.  Milner,  Sir  S.  R.  Meyrick, 
Dawson  Turner,  John  Britton,  and  Messrs.  Gough,  Bray, 
Fenn,  Hawkins,  Ac.  Collection  of  120  views  of  ancient 
Buildings  in  England.  1786,  6  vols.  32mo. ;  repub.  as 
Specimens  of  Gothic  Architecture;  ancient  buildings  in 
England,  comprised  in  120  views,  Lon.,  1824,  4  vols. 
16mo.  This  includes  Warton's  Essay  on  Gothic  Archi- 
tecture. Progress  of  Architecture,  4to.  His  miupium  opiit 
was  The  Ancient  Architecture  of  England,  1795-1816; 
2  vols.  foL,  vol.  i.  21  nos. :  of  vol.  ii.  only  7  nos.  were  pub. 
A  new  edition,  enlarged  and  improved,  was  pub.  by  Mr. 
John  Britton  in  1837,  2  vols.  r.  fol.   in  one;  £4  4». 

"This  great  national  work  exhibits  almost  every  important 
Architectural  Hemaiu  iu  the  kingdom,  from  the  earliest  time  to 
the  rei.-ns  of  Henry  III.  and  Kdward  III.;  together  with  nume- 
rous DCtails  (irnaments.  &c.  It  has  always  been  considered  one 
of  the  most  useful  bu,.ks  the  architectural  student  can  possess 

"  This  ori-'ioal  :incl  important  work  contains,  in  109  large  plates, 
as  many  Archit.cturid  Examples.  Ornaments,  and  Antiquities,  as 
on  the  ordinary  plan  of  publishing  would  suffice  for  at  least  twenty 

" '°Mr  Carter  was  the  first  to  point  out  to  the  public  the  right 
wav  of  delineating  and  representing  the  component  and  detached 
parts  of  the  Did  Buildings  of  England.  His  National  ^\ork  on 
Ancient  Architecture  occupied  him,  in  drawing,  etching,  arrang- 
ing and  publishing,  more  than  twenty  years.  It  is  highly  valu- 
able."—BiiHon'.'s  Arch.  Antiq..  v.  3S,  68.  ,  ,.        . 

"  This  Collection  supplied  a  want  which  has  long  heen  felt,  and 
enabled  the  architect  to  do  his  work."— if.ii.  Quart.rli,  ^"'ific. 

Mr.  Carter  pub.  many  criticisms  in  the  Gent.  Mag., 
1798-1817,  upon  Architectural  Innovation,  in  which  he 
severely  censures  the  alterations  made  in  the  cathedrals 
of  Salisbury,  Durham,  Lichfield,  Ac. 

"Tlie  enthusiastic  zeal  of  that  able  draughtsman  and  antiquary 
was  undoubtedly  eltectual  in  checking  the  mutilation  of  ancient 
monuments.  '  We  ne'er  shah,  look  upon  his  uke  .lU.ilN.    — t  COIN. 

See,  also.  Memoir  of  John  Carter,  by  W.  J.  Dampicr, 
p.  Svo. 


CAR 


Carter,  Landon,  of  Virginia.  Con.  to  Trans.  Amer. 
Soc,  i.  274,  ITSy  ;  on  the  Fly-Weevil  that  destroys   the 

W  ]l  C  SI  t/ 

Carter,  Matthew.  Expeditioa  of  Kent,  Essex,  and 
Cukbcsler,  Lon.,  1650,  Svo.  v     t     j 

•  Tliis  Iract  lecoids  suveral  particulars  not  noticed  by  Lord 
Clareiid.in    and  cmr  neneial  historians."— LowNDES. 

llon.piir  Re.livivus,  or  the  Analysis  of  Honour  and  Har- 
mony, liiW),  'fiS,  7.3,  Svo. 

Carter,  Nathaniel  Hazeltine,  17SS?-183n,  a 
poet,  was  a  native  of  Kew  Hanipshire.  Letters  from 
Euro].e.  1S27,  2  vols.  Svo.  His  longest  poetical  piece  was 
The  I'ains  of  Imagination,  delivered  at  Dartmouth  Col- 
Ictie.  See  Specimens  of  Amer.  Poetry  for  his  Hymn  for 
Ciiristmas. 

Carter,  Nicholas,  D.  D.  Sermons,  171b -57,  4to 
and  -Svo. 

Carter,  Peter.  A  Latin  treatise,  Lon.,  1563,  Svo; 
in  J.diiinuis  Setoni  Dialecticam  Annotationes,  Ac. 

Carter,  Ralph.  Trial  of  George  Timewell,  Lon., 
17-lS.  Svo.  .     , 

Carter,  Richard,  The  Schismatick  stigmatized, 
Lun.,  1611,  SV". 

Carter,  Samuel.  Legal  Reports  and  Treatises, 
Lon.,  16SS-17:-:7. 

Carter,  Thomas.     Semis.,  1645.  Ac. 
Carter,  Thomas,  1768-1800,  a  musical  composer, 
was  tlie  author  of  "0  Nanny,  wilt  thou  gang  with  me?" 
"  Stand  to  your  guns,  my  hearts  of  oak,"  Ac. 

Carter,  Thomas  Thellusoii,  Rector  of  Clewer. 
1.  Doctrine  of  the  Priesthood,  1857,  Svo.  2.  Life  of  Bishop 
Armstrong,  fcp.,  1857,  Svo  :  see  Akmsthono,  JoH.f,  D.D. 
3.  Sermons. 
Carter,  William.  Serms.,  1642,  '48,  '54. 
Carter,  M  illiam,  or  WooU.  Publications  on  Trade, 
Ac,  Lou.,  1(;71-'.I4. 

Carter,  William,  M.  D.  Med.  Treatises,  Lon., 
1771.  72. 

Carter,  William,  Lt.  A  Detail  of  the  several  En- 
gagements, Ac.  of  the  Royal  and  American  Armies,1775- 
76,  Lon.,  1784,  4to. 

Carteret,  John,  Viscount  Carteret  and  Earl  Gran- 
ville, 1690-1763,  contributed  to  S.  Buckley's  3d  letter  to 
Dr.  Mead,  respecting  B.'s  edit,  of  Thuanus,  a  character  of 
that  historian,  (i>.  p.  21,)  and  favoured  Buckley  with  some 
useful  hints  concerning  the  enterprise.  See  Buckley, 
Samuel,  and  Carte,  Thojias. 

Johnson  excused  his  Letter  on  the  Battle  of  Dettingen 
upon  the  plea  of  want  of  practice  ;  and  his  lordship  him- 
self did  not  consider  it  a  classical  piece  of  composition, 
for  he  remarked,  when  he  had  finished  it, 

"  Here  is  a  letter  expressed  in  terms  not  good  enough  for  a  tal- 
low-chandler to  have  used." 

His  lordship,  however,  had  learning,  if  he  lacked  stylo, 
and  turned  it  to  profitable  account  in  procuring  MSS.  for 
Dr.  Bentley's  use  when  urging  him  to  underlako  a  new 
edition  of  Homer.  In  this  connection,  an  anecdote  occurs 
to  us,  too  good  to  be  omitted : 

The  great  Centley,  who  was  known  to  old  Lady  Gran- 
ville only  as  "  the  country  clergyman,"  when  in  town 
would  spend  the  evenings  with  Lord  Carteret  in  classical 
conversations.  On  one  occasion  Lady  Granville  rebuked 
her  son  for  having  kept  "  the  country  clergyman"  up  the 
night  before  till  he  became  intoxicated.  His  lordship 
denied  that  his  friend  was  in  such  an  unclerical  condition. 
Lady  Granville  replied  that  "the  clergyman  could  not 
have  sung  in  so  ridiculous  a  lu.anner,  unless  he  had  been 
in  liquor."  "  The  truth  was,  that  the  singing  thus  mis- 
taken by  her  ladyship,  was  Dr.  Bentley's  endeavour  to  in- 
struct and  entertain  his  noble  friend  by  reciting  Terence 
according  to  the  true  cantilena  of  the  ancients  !" 

Amidst  his  lordship's  struggles  for  place  and  power,  he 
had  an  affectation  of  saying — '*  I  love  my  fireside."  This 
gave  rise  to  the  amusing  poetical  satire  by  Hawkins 
Browne,  entitled.  The  Fire-side ;  a  Pastoral  Soliloquy. 
He  gave  a  copy  of  the  Bible  to  a  friend,  who  shortly  after 
displayed  it  to  him  in  an  elegant  binding.  "  You  have 
done  with  it,"  said  his  lordship,  *'  as  the  king  has  done 
with  me :  he  made  me  fine,  and  he  laid  me  by." 

"  Lord  Granville  had  great  parts,  and  a  most  nnconinion  share  of 
learning  for  a  man  of  quahty.  lie  was  one  of  the  best  speakers  in 
the  House  of  Lords,  both  in  the  declamatory  and  the  argumentative 
way.  .  .  .  Uis  character  may  be  summed  up  in  nice  precision,  quick 
decision,  and  unbridled  presumption."' — Lord  Chesterfield. 

Carteret,  Capt.  Philip.  Voyage  round  the  World 
in  1766,  '67,  '68,  '69  :   see  Hawkesworth's  Voyages,  i.  522, 


,1779, 


CAR 

Carthew,  Thomas.     Reports  of  Cases  in  the  King's 

Bench  from  3d  Jas.  II.  to  12  Will.  III.,  Lon.,  1728,  fok; 
2d  edit.,  with  additions,  1741,  fol. 

"  Carthew,  in  general,  is  a  good  reporter." — Lord  Kenton. 
"I  own  that  he  is  in  general  a  very  good  and  a  very  faithful  re- 
porter, but  1  laucy  he  was  mistaken  in  the  case  of  Leigh  v.  Brace.'* 
— Chief  Justice  Willes. 

"  Carthew  and  Counterbach  are  equally  had  authority.  — Lord 
Thurlow. 

Now  the  lawyers  may  settle  this  case  for  the  judges,  as 
they  think  best.     It  is  too  knotty  for  a  layman. 

Cartouche,  t.  D.  His  Life  and  Actions,  Lon., 
1722.  Svo. 

Cartwright,  !>Irs.     Novels  and  Memoirs,  Lon., 
'80,  '85,  '»7,  12mo. 

Cartwright,  Charles,  M.D.  His  unfortunate  Ad- 
ventures, Lon.,  1741,  Svo. 

Cartwright,  Charles.  Commercial  Treatises,  1782^ 
'88,  Svo. 

Cartwright,  Christopher,  1602-1658.  Electa  Tar- 
gumico-Rabbiuica;  sive  adnotationes  in  Genesin  ex  trip- 
lici  Targum,  Ac,  Lon.,  1648,  12mo.  Idem  in  E-iodum, 
1653,  12ino. 

"  The  Targums  referred  to  are  those  of  Onkelos.  .Jonathan,  and 
the  Jerusalem.  R.abbi  Solomon,  Aben  Ezra,  and  other  Jewish 
writers,  are  often  quoted.  The  Septuagint,  and  the  versions  of 
Aquila,  Theodotion.  and  Symm.achus,  are  also  used."— Orme. 

Mellificium  Hebraicum.  sive  observationes  ex  Hebrse- 
orum  Antiquiorum  monumentis  desumpta?,  Ac;  in  the 
8th  vol.  of  the  Critici  Sacri,  pp.  1271,  1426. 

"  It  applies  successfully  the  Rabbinical  writings  to  the  illustra- 
tions of  the  Scriptures." — OltME. 

'•To  our  learned  counlryman.  Cartwright,  belongs  the  honour 
of  being  the  fir.st  who  applied  the  more  ancient  writings  of  the 
Jews  to  the  illustration  of  the  Bible.  He  was  followed  in  the 
same  path  of  literature  by  Prusius,  whose  Fratei-ita  sive  Anwita- 
timies  m  Tnlum  Ji-su  Clirisli  TeshimmUan.  (4to,  Fran.,  1012,)  con- 
tain many  valuable  illustrations  of  the  New  Testament.  Some 
additions  were  subsequently  made  to  his  work  by  Balthasar 
Scheidius.  whose  Pra-terita  Pra'teritorum  are  included  in  the 
publication  of  Meuschen — Novum  Teshameutum  ex  Talmude, 
A-c.  Lipsiae.  1730,  4to."— T.  II.  HoRXE. 
Cartwright  pub.  some  other  works. 
Cartwright,  Edninnd,  1743-1823,  a  Fellow  of  Mag- 
dalen College,  Oxford.  Constantia,  1768,  4to.  Almine  and 
Elvira,  1775,  4to ;  9th  edit,  with  other  poems,  1804,  Svo. 
The  Prince  of  Peace,  and  other  poems,  1779,  4to.  Sonnets 
to  Eminent  Men,  1783,  4to.  A  Memorial,  18110,  Svo. 
Serms.,  1802,  '08.  Svo.  Letters  and  Sonnets  addressed  to 
Lord  John  Russell,  IS07,  12nio. 

"  Almost  of  historical  value  in  reference  to  the  present  high 
standing  of  his  lordship,  the  letters  being  early  attempts  at  direct- 
ing his  judgment  and  improving  his  literary  tastes." 

Cartwright,  Eliza.  To  this  lady  we  are  indebted 
for  the  literary  portion  of  Mr.  John  Gilbert's  Chrono- 
logical Pictures  of  English  History.  Lon.,  imp.  fol. 

"  An  elegant  mode  of  insinuating  a  knowledge  of  English  His- 
tory." — A&iati€  Journal. 

Cartwright,  Frances  D.  The  Life  and  Corre- 
spondence of  her  uncle,  Major  (John)  Cartwright,  Lon., 
2  vols.  Svo.  This  work  contains  a  map  of  his  discoveries 
and  explorations  in  the  interior  of  Newfoundl.aud,  re- 
marks on  the  situation  of  the  Aborigines,  correspondence 
with  President  Jefferson,  Ac 

"  An  entertaining  and  rather  curious  piece  of  biography." — 
Lon.  Monlliiy  Uri'iew,  July,  1S2G. 

Cartwright,  Francis. 

1621,  4to. 

Cartwright,   George. 
IGGl,  Svo. 

Cartwright,  George. 


Life,  Confession,  Ac,  Lon., 
The    Heroic   Lover,    Lon., 


Journal  of  nearly  16  years' 
Residence  in  the  Coast  of  Labrador,  Newark,  1792,  3 
vols.  4to. 

"The  annals  of  his  Campaigns  among  the  Foxes  and  Beavers 
interested  me  more  than  ever  did  the  exploits  of  Marlborough  or 
Frederick;  besides,  1  saw  plain  truth  aud  the  heart  in  Cartwrighfs 
Book;  and  in  what  history  could  I  look  for  these?  The  print  is 
an  excellent  likeness." — Coleiudoe. 

Cartwright,  J.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1791,  Svo. 
Cartwright,   John.     A    Preacher's    Travels,    Lon., 
1611,  4to.     See  Purchas's  Pilgrim,  vol.  ii.,  and  Osburne's 
Voyages,  i.  709,  1745. 

Cartwright,  Ma.ior  John,  1740-1824,  of  the  Royal 
Navy,  and  Major  in  tho  Nottinghamshire  Militia,  was  a 
warm  friend  of  the  Independence  of  America,  and  refused 
to  fight  against  her  liberties.  In  1774  he  pub.  American 
Independence  the  Glory  and  Interest  of  Great  Britain  ;  2d 
edit.,  1775.  A  list  of  his  political  pamphlets  will  he  found 
in  Watt's  Bib.  Brit.  His  Life  and  Correspondence  by  hia 
niece  are  noticed  above.     He  corresponded  with  a  number 


1773.    Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1770  :  of  Camelopardalis  found  I  of  American  gentlemen,  and  at  homo  was  an  earnest  advo- 
at  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope,  I  cate  of  annual  parliaments  and  universal  suffrage.     The 


CAR 

Cartwright,  Thomas,  of  Q.  College,  Oxf.  Serms., 
le.i'J.  4to. 

Cartwright,  William,  1611-1643,  anative  of  North- 
way,  Gloucestei-shire,  was  educated  at  Westminster,  and 
Chiist  Church.  Oxfurd.     He  tiiok  holy  orders  in  1638. 

'■  He  becime  the  most  florid  and  serapbic.il  preacher  in  theUni- 
Tersity.  .  .  .  His  prciching  Tvas  so  graceful  and  profound  withal, 
that  none  of  his  time  or  age  went  beyond  him." — Athen.  Oxon. 

But  he  seems  to  have  been  unwilling  to  relinquish  the 
society  of  the  Muses.  He  pub.  The  Royal  Slave  ;  a  Tragi- 
comedy, Oxf.,  1639,  4to ;  1640,  4to.  To  the  Earl  of  Pem- 
broke and  Montgomery,  1041,  fol.  Comedies.  Tragi-Come- 
dies,  with  other  Poems,  1641.  Poemata  Grwca  et  Latina, 
and  some  other  pieces.  In  1643  he  was  chosen  Junior 
Proctor  of  the  University  of  Oxford,  and  Reader  in  Meta- 
physics, and  died  the  same  year  of  a  malignant  fever.  An 
edit,  of  his  Plays  and  Poems  was  pub.  in  lOol,  8vo,  pre- 
ceded by  fifty  copies  of  verses,  highly  eulogistic,  from  the 
chief  literary  characters  of  the  day.  Of  this  edit,  some 
copies  contain  more  matter  than  others.  See  Bliss's  Wood's 
Athen.  Oxon.  Perhaps  there  is  no  instance  in  the  annala 
of  English  literature  of  an  author  more  admired  by  hia 
ship  was  taken  from  him.  He  visited  the  Continent,  where  '  contemporaries  of  distinction  than  Cartwright  appears  to 
he  remained  for  some  years,  and,  returning,  followed  up  '  have  been.  Indeed,  he  is  now  better  known  by  the  praises 
Field  and  Wilcox's  admonition  to  the  Parliament  by  a  ,  of  others  than  by  his  own  works.  These,  with  the  excep- 
Second  Admonition  for  relief  ag.ainst  the  subscription  re-  |  tion  of  his  plays,  which  are  now  entirely  neglected,  consist 
quired  by  the  ecclesiastical  commissioners,  1572.  To  this  ,  principally  of  political  addresses  to  distinguished  characters 
Dr.  Whitfift  pub.  an  answer  the  same  year.  Cartwright  I  of  the  day.  We  quote  a  lew  of  the  commendations  which 
replied  in  1573,  and  Whitgift  responded  in  1574,  which  were  showered  so  profusely  upon  Cartwright  and  his  me- 
last  elicited  two  more  publications  from  Cartwright  in  1675 


CAR 

following  enlogy  upon  his  character  from  a  distinguished 
source  is  worthy  of  quotation : 

*' He  was  one  whose  enlightened  mind  and  profound  constitu- 
tional knowledge  placed  him  in  the  highest  rank  of  public  cha- 
racter, and  whose  purity  of  principle  and  consistency  of  conduct 
through  life  commanded  the  most  respectful  attention  to  his  opi- 
nions.'"— Ch.^rles  James  Fox. 

Cartwright,  Thomas,  1535?-1603.  acelebr.ated  Pu- 
ritan divine,  was  a  native  of  Hertfordshire.  He  was  ad- 
mitted of  St.  John's  College,  Cambridge,  in  1550,  and  in 
1560  wjis  chosen  Fellow.  In  1567  he  commenced  B.D., 
and  in  1570  was  chosen  Lady  Margaret  Divinity  Reader. 
His  lectures  gave  great  offence  to  Archbishop  Grindal,  who 
complained  to  Sir  William  Cecil,  Chancellor  of  the  Uni- 
versity, that  the  students  were  "  in  danger  to  bo  poisoned 
with  a  love  of  contention  and  a  liking  of  novelty."  Dr. 
Whitgift  also  found  fault,  not  only  with  his  public  state- 
ments, but  also  with  "  what  he  had  uttered  to  him  in  pri- 
vate conference."  Ho  was  forliidden  to  read  any  more 
lectures  until  further  orders,  and  in  1571,  when  Dr.  Whit- 
gift became  Vice-Chancellor  of  the  University,  Cartwright 
was  deprived  of  his  Professorship,  and  in  1572  his  Fellow 


and  1577.  To  the  disgrace  of  the  government,  he  was 
several  times  imprisoned,  and  his  health  injured  by  con- 
finement and  bad  treatment.  An  Admonition  to  the  People 
of  England,  Ac,  Lon.,  1589,  4to.  A  Briefe  Apologie,  Ac, 
Lon.,  1596,  4to.  In  lilirum  Salomonis  qui  inscribitur  Ec- 
clesiastes,  Ac,  Lon.,  16114,  4to.  Metaphrasis  et  Homilia.' 
in  Ecclesiasten,  Marp.  Catt,  1604,  8vo  ;  Amsi,  1632,  '47, 
4to.  Comment,  upon  Epistle  to  the  Romans,  Lon.,  1612, 
4to.  A  Body  of  Divinity,  Lon.,  1616,  4to.  A  Confutation 
of  the  Rhemish  Translation,  Glosses,  and  Annotations  on 
the  New  Testament,  1618,  fol. 

"  It  came  forth  privately  without  license,  and  seems  to  have  been 
printed  abroad." — SIrt/pr's  Annals. 

'■The  confutation  of  the  English  Roman  Catholic  version  oWbe 
New  Testament  displays  the  wi-iter's  extensive  acquaintance  with 
the  Scriptures,  and  the  power  of  his  controversial  talents.  All  the 
passages  in  dispute  between  Catholics  and  Protestants  are  largely 
discussed." — Okme. 

"In  1749  a  new  edition  of  the  Anglo-Romish  Bible,  with  some 
alterations  in  the  text,  .and  many  in  the  notes,  was  published  from 
the  copy  of  Dr.  Chaloner.  titular  bishop  of  Debra,  and  one  of  the 
vicars-apostolic  of  the  Romish  Church  in  England.  Various  other 
editions  have  been  printed  at  different  times  and  in  different  sizes." 
— T.  II.  UoaNE. 

Commentarii  in  Provcrbia  Salomonis,  Ac,  Lug.  Bat., 
1617,  fol. ;  Amst.,  1638,  4to.  The  Pope's  Dc-idlie  Wound, 
Ac,  Lon..  1621,  4to.  Commentaria  Practicain  totum  Ilis- 
toriam  Evangelicam,  ex  quatuor  Evangelistis  harmonice 
concinn.atum,  1630,  fol.;  elegantly  printed  by  Elzevir  at 
Amst.,  1647,  4to,  under  the  title  llarmonia  Evangeliea,  Ac. 
An  English  version  appeared  in  1650.  A  Directory  for 
Church  Government,  1644,  4to. 

'■  Cartwright  was  the  leader  of  the  Puritans,  and  remark.ible  for 
his  extensive  acquaintance  with  the  Scriptures,  and  the  power  of 
his  controversial  talents." — Park. 

'■  He  continued  his  diligence  and  assiduities  in  his  studies  even 
in  his  old  age:  and  his  usual  manner  was  to  rise  at  two.  three,  and 
four  o'clock  in  the  morning  at  the  latest,  both  summer  and  winter; 
notwithstanding  that  his  bodily  infirmities  were  such  that  he  was 
foi-ced  to  study  continually  upon  his  knees.  .  .  .  His  manner  was 
not  to  keep  any  more  money  in  his  pui-se.  but  what  might  serve 
for  charitable  uses.  He  was  very  bountiful  to  poor  scholars.  He 
distributed  money  every  S.al>bath-day  .among  the  poor  of  the  town 
of  Warwick,  besides  what  he  gave  to  the  prisoners,  and  upon  other 
occasions  both  at  home  and  abroad." — Clarke's  Lives  of  32  English 
Divines,  <£c. 

'*  One  saith. '  for  riches,  he  sought  them  not.'  and  another  saith, 
'  thivt  he  died  rich ;'  and  I  believe  both  say  true ;  (iod  sometimes 
making  wealth  to  find  them  who  seek  not  for  it,  seeing  many  and 
great  were  his  benefactors." — FiJJer's  Worthies. 

See  Biog.  Brit,;  Zouch's  Walton's  Lives;  Strype's  Par- 
ker; Strype's  Grindal:  Peck's  Desiderata. 

Cartwright,  Thomas,  1634-1689,  supposed  to  be 
grandson  to  the  preceding,  was  a  native  of  Northampton. 
He  was  educated  at  Magdalen  Hall.  Oxford,  but  was  re- 
moved to  Queen's  College  by  the  Parliamentary  Visitors 


mory : 

«  Qtrtwright.  rare  Cartwright.  to  whom  all  must  bow, 
That  was  best  preacher,  and  best  poet  too ; 
Whose  learned  fancy  never  was  at  rest. 
But  ;ilways  labouring,  yet  laboured  least." — John  Leigh. 
*'  His  style  so  pleases  the  judicious  Gown, 
As  that  there's  something  too  for  Wits  o'  th'  town : 
Rough-handed  Critics  do  approve,  and  yet 
'Tis  treasure  for  the  Ladies  cabinet." — Ralph  BATHtntST. 
"  Cartwright  is  the  utmost  man  can  come  to." — Da.  Eell,  Bishop 
of  Oxfiml.     See  also  Mayne's  and  Stapylton'e  lines. 

"  aiy  son  Cartwright  writes  all  like  a  man." — Ben.  Jonson. 
"  He  was  another  Tnlly  and  Virgil,  as  being  most  excellent  for 
oratory  and  poetry,  in  which  faculties,  as  also  in  the  Greek  tongue, 
he  was  so  full  and  absolute,  that  those  who  knew  him  best,  knew 
not  in  which  he  most  excelled.  ...  If  the  wits  read  his  poems,  di- 
vines his  sermons,  and  philosophers  his  lectures  on  Aristotle's 
metaphysics,  they  would  scarce  believe  that  he  died  at  a  little  above 
thirty  years  of  age."— Asthoxt  Wood. 

"  He  was  extremely  remarkatde  both  for  his  outward  and  inward 
endowments, — ins  body  being  as  handsome  as  his  soul.  .  .  .  Hewaa 
an  excellent  ur;itnr.  aiVl  vet  an  adioir;iIile  poet,— a  quality  which 
Cicero  witli  all  Ins  jiiiin-  culii  imt  attain  to." — Gerard  Laxgbaine. 
Cartwriglit, William.  Stem. graphy,Lon.,16i2,12mo. 
Cartwright,  Rev.  William.  Seasons  of  Life;  a 
Poem,  17S6,  8vo. 

Carus,  William,  Canon  of  Winchester.  Sermon, 
1  Tim.  iv.  16,  Camb.,  1845,  8vo.  Memoirs  of  the  Life  of 
Charles  Simeon  ;  with  a  Selection  from  his  Writings  and 
Correspondence.  Lon..  1847,  8vo. 

Carvalho,  S.  N.,  of  Baltimore,  accompanied  Col. 
Fremont  in  one  of  his  exjdoring-tours.  Perilous  Adven- 
tures in  the  Far  West,  N.  York,  1856,  12mo. 

Carve,  Thomas,  Tipperariensis,  a  priest,  Apos- 
tolic Notary,  and  Vicar-Chor.al  of  St.  Stephen's,  b.  1690, 
living  in  1072.  when  he  pub.  his  Responsio  Veridica.  1. 
Itincrarivm,  (Pars  I.,)  Mogunt,  1639,  18mo,  Editio  tertia 
auctior  correctior,  1640,  ISmo.  Pars  II,,  1641,  ISmo. 
Pars  III.,  Spir.Tj,  1646,  18mo.  The  Itinerarium  was  also 
pub.  in  German.  1640,  18mo.  2.  Rerum  Germanicum, 
1617-41,8.;.;  1641.  12mo.  3.  Lyra,  sen  AnacephaUcosis 
Hibernica,  Ac,  Vienna',  Austria-,  (1051,)  4to.  Editio  se- 
cunda,  Sul-ibaci,  1666,  4to.  Nicolson  says  that  the  first 
ed.  was  in  1060.  4.  Responsio  Veridica  ad  illotum  Libcl- 
lum,  Solisbaci,  1672,  ISmo.  See  an  account  of  Curve's 
very  rare  works  in  Bibliotheca  Grcnvilliana,  vol.  i.  1 IS- 
119.  See  also  Bp.  Nicolson's  Irish  Hist.  Lib.,  ed.  1770,  9. 
Carver,  J.  Treatise  on  Arithmetic,  1815. 
Carver,  Capt.  Jonathan,  1732-1780,  a  native  of 
Stillwater,  Connecticut,  commanded  a  company  in  the 
French  War.  He  travelled  7000  miles,  being  absent  two 
years  and  five  months,  through  the  interior  portions  of 
North  America,  with  a  design  to  the  public  benefit.  In 
1778  he  pub.  Travels  through  the  interior  p.arts  of  North 
Americainthe  years  1706. '67,  and  '68,  Lon..  8vo  ;  3d  edit., 


1049;  Prebendary  of  Durham.  1672;  Dean  of  Ripon,  !  with  an  account  of  his  Lite  by  Dr.  Letlsom.  Lon.,  li  81.  Svo. 
He  was  one  of  the  Com-  I  He  died  in  great  poverty,  and  it  was  owing  to  Dr.  Lettsoni  s 
account  of  his  sufferings  and  ill-reqnited  labours  tor  tlie 
English  government.that  the  Literary  Fund  was  establi.shed. 
Carver  also  pub.  A  Treatise  on  the  Culture  of  the  Tobacco 
Plant,  Lon.,  1779,  8vo.  The  New  Universal  Traveller, 
Lon.,  1779,  fol.     This  is  not  his  production,  but  ho  is  said 


1677;  Bishop  of  Chester,  1686, 

missioners  in  the  attempt  made  by  James  II.  to  control  the 
President  and  Fellows  of  Magdalen  College.  Sermons, 
Speech,  Ac,  1662-87. 

We  can  say  nothing  in  commendation  of  Bishop  Cart- 
wright. 

350 


CAR 

to  hare  lent  his  name  to  it     An  edit,  of  his  Travels  was 
pub.  at  Boston  in  1797. 

"Tbere  is  murh  inforitiation  in  this  work  respecting  th-it  part 
of  AmeriL-a  which  h-ts  lately  attracted  so  much  attention  from  its 
Ticinity  to  the  supposed  northwest  passage:  it  is  in  all  other  re- 
spect s.  except  natural  history,  an  interesting  and  instructive  work." 
.— iS'ci'f  »,'<i»\s'  Vi-n/agrs  and  Travels. 

Carver,  Blarmaduke.    Sermons,  Lon.,  1662, '66,  Svo. 
Carwell,  Thomas.     Labyrinthus  Cantuariensis;  or 
Dr.  Laud's  Labyrinth,  Paris,  1658,  fol. 

Carwithenj  J.  B.  S.,  1781-1S32,  P.  Curate  of  Sand- 
hurst, Berks,  ISKI ;  of  Frimlcy,  Hants,  1814.  A  'View  of 
the  Brahminical  Religion,  Lon.,  ISIO.  Ilist.  of  the  Church 
of  England ;  2d  edit,  Oxf.,  lSi9.  2  vols.  sm.  Svo :  for  re- 
view, see  Brit.  Crit.,  vii.  45,  and  xiv.  45. 

t'arivithin.  Rev.  William.  The  Seasons  of  Life  : 
a  Poem  in  four  parts,  17SS,  8yo. 

Cary.     SoU'inn  Call  to  Baptism,  1690,  Svo. 
Cary,  Anthony,  fourth  Viscount  Falkland,  wrote  Pro- 
logues to  The   Old   Bachelor,  and   to   Otway's  Soldier's 
Fortune. 

Cary,  Sir  George.  Reports  of  Cases  in  Chancery, 
&c.,  Lon..  1650;  1655,  Svo;  1820,  12mo. 

Cary,  Henry,  Earl  of  Monmouth.  See  Carey. 
Cary,  Heury,  first  Viscount  Falkland,  d.  1633,  was 
sent  to  E.'ieter  College,  Oxford,  at  the  age  of  16,  where  he 
acquired  distinction  by  his  talents.  He  was  Comptroller 
of  the  Household,  and  in  1622  created  Lord  Deputy  of 
Ireland.  The  History  of  King  Edward ;  puli.  from  Lord 
Falkland's  MS.  in  1680,  fol.  and  Svo.  A  Letter  to  James  I. 
Epitaph  on  Elizabeth,  Countess  of  Huntingdon.  These 
were  all  that  were  pub.  from  a  number  of  MS.  works. 

"  He  was  a  most  accomplished  gentleman,  and  complete  cour- 
tier."— FuUri's  Wtrrtlucz. 

'•  Lord  I-'alkland  seems  to  have  been  more  distinpuished  by  his 
rectitude  than  abilities."— Dr.  Leland:  Hist,  if  Ireland. 

"  Lord  Falkland,  instead  of  enriching  himself  by  his  great  places, 
■wasted  a  full  fortune.it  court,  in  those  olBces and  employmentsby 
which  other  men  use  to  obtain  a  greater." — Karl  of  Clarendon  : 
Bist.  f'f  the  Febetlion. 

Cary,  Henry.  Poems  on  several  occasions,  Lon.,  1720, 
12mo:  "l729,  4to. 

Cary,  Henry.  Fruit  of  Pleading,  in  Sir  Edward 
Coke's  Reports,  ton.,  1601,  Svo.  The  Law  of  Engliind; 
or  a  true  Guide  for  all  Persons  concerned  in  Ecclesiastical 
Courts.  Lon.,  1666.  12mo. 

Cary, Henry.  The  Law  of  Partnership,  Lon.,1827,Svo. 
"t'arv  nn  JJartnership  has  nothing  in  particular  to  recommend 
it.  except  it  be  the  addition  of  new  Cases,  arising  since  the  publi- 
cation of  Mr.  Gow,  [4th  edit,  of  Gow,  Lon.,  Ili41,  Syo.]''— 3  Kent's 
Oim.,  m. 

On  the  Statutes  relating  to  Offences  against  the  Person, 
Lon.,  1828,  12mo.  A  Commentary  on  the  Tenures  of  Lit- 
tleton, written  prior  to  the  publication  of  Coke  upon  Lit- 
tleton. Editeil  by  Henry  Cary  from  the  MSS.  in  the  British 
Museum,  Lon.,  1829,  8vo.  The  author  of  this  Commentary 
lived  toiip.  James  I. ;  his  name  is  unknown.  Some  of  his 
illustrations  have  been  highly  commended,  hut 

"  As  far  as  authority  is  concerned,  no  newly-discovered  and 
anonymous  manuscript  can  compete  with  tlie  i-eputation  of  the 
Firstlnstitute."  See  HotTman's  Legal  Study ;  Marvin's  Leg.  Bibl. 
Cary,  Henry,  of  Worcester  College,  Oxford,  son  of 
the  translator  of  Dante,  Ac.  Testimonies  of  the  Fathers, 
Ac,  Oxf.,  1S35,  Svo. 

'•  This  work  may  be  classed  with  those  of  Pearson  and  Bishop 
Bull ;  and  such  a  classification  is  not  a  mean  honour." — C/ntrch  of 
EiKjland  Qirarteiti/. 

Sicmorials  of  the  Great  Civil  War  in  England  from  1646 
to  1652,  Lon.,  1S42,  2  vols.  Svo. 

"  We  can  safely  recommend  this  work  to  all  lovers  of  historical 
literature." — Lojt.  Literari/  Gmrlte. 

Mr.  Cary  has  edited  new  edits,  of  his  father's  E.arly 
French  Poets,  Lives  of  English  Poets,  and  trans,  of  Dante, 
and  also  some  of  the  works  of  Wm.  Cavf:,  {e/.  r.) 

Cary,  Henry  Francis,  1772-1.S44.  a  native  of  Bir- 
mingham, pub.  at  the  age  of  1 5  An  irregular  Ode  to  (ieneriil 
Elliott,  Lon.,  17S7,  4to,  and  in  the  next  year  Sonnets  and 
Odes,  17il7,  4to.  At  IS  he  was  entered  as  a  Commoner  of 
Christ  Cliurch,  Oxford:  M.A..  1796;  Vicar  of  Bromley's, 
Abbat's,  1797  ;  assistant  Librarian  in  the  Brit  Museum, 
1826.  He  was  in  receipt  of  a  pension  from  the  Govern- 
ment of  £200  per  year.  Ode  to  Gener.al  Kosciusko,  Lon., 
1797,  4to.  Inferno  of  Dante,  with  an  English  trans,  in 
Blank  Verse;  Notes  and  Life  of  the  Author.  Lon.,  1806, 
'22,  fp.  Svo;  2d  edit.,  with  the  Inferno,  together  with  the 
Purgatorio  and  P.aradiso,  ISl.S,  3  vols.  32mo.  A  trans,  of 
the  Birds  of  Aristophanes  and  of  the  Odes  of  Pindar.  New 
edit  of  the  trans,  of  Dante,  revised  by  the  translator's  sons, 
1847,  p.  Svo.  Lives  of  English  Poets,  from  Johnson  to 
Kirke  White;  designed  as  a  continuation  to  Johnson's 
Lives,  edited  by  Mr.  C.'s  son,  Lon.,  1846,  12mo.    The  Early 


CAR 

French  Poets;  a  Series  of  Notices  and  Translations,  edited 
and  with  introduc.  by  Mr.  Cary's  son,  Lon.,  1847,  12mo. 
The  contents  of  the  last  two  works  were  originally  I>ub. 
anon,  in  the  Old  London  JMagazine.  Mr.  C.  also  edited 
the  poetical  works  of  Pope,  Cowper.  Milton,  Thomson,  and 
Young.  In  1847  (2  vols.  p.  Svo)  his  son.  Rev.  Henrt 
Cary,  {</.  v.)  pub.  Memoirs  of  the  Rev.  Henry  Francis 
Cary  :  with  his  Literary  Journal  and  Letter.s.  Mr.  C.  was 
buried  in  Poets'  Corner,  Westminster  Abbey.  His  trans, 
of  Dante  cannot  be  too  highly  commended  :  its  merits  wera 
perceived  and  brought  to  public  attention  by  Samuel  Taylor 
Coleridge. 

'^Of  all  the  translators  of  T>ante  with  whom  we  are  acquainted, 
Mr.  Cary  is  the  most  successful;  and  we  cannot  but  consider  his 
work  asa  great  acquisition  to  the  English  reader.  It  is  executed 
with  a  fidelity  almost  without  example." — Edin.  Jfeview.  No.  5S. 

■■  Mr.  Cary's  translation — the  Ijest  we  have  ever  read  of  any  work." 
— Lon.  Qitarierhj  I\'tv)ew,Jtdy,  1S23. 

"  Cary's  version  of  Dante  is  universally  allowed  to  be  one  of  the 
most  masterly  productions  of  modern  times." 

"  A  translation  of  magnitude  and  difficulty,  executed  with  pei^ 
feet  fidelity  and  admirable  skill."— Sodphey. 

With  Cary's  trans.,  nnd  Flaxman's  Designs,  the  reader 
may  consider  himself  in  possession  of  a  treasure. 

'■'Mi-.  Flaxman  has  translated  Dante  best,  for  he  has  transLated 
it  into  the  universal  language  of  X.ature." 

As  to  the  great  poet  himself,  nothing  need  here  he  said : — 
let  timid  young  poets  beware  of  him,  for 

"  Shelley  always  says,  that  reading  Dante  is  unfavourable  to 
writing,  from  its  superiority  to  all  possible  compositions." — Byron, 

"  That  wise  poet  of  Florence,  bight  Dant ."—Chaucer. 

Cary,  Henry  Ijucius,  third  Viscount  Falkland,  was 
the  only  son  of  Lucius  Cary,  the  great  Lord  Falkland,  d. 
1663,  wrote  The  Marriage  Night;  a  Play,  Lon.,  1664,  4to; 
erroneously  ascribed  by  Wood  to  his  lordship's  son. 

'*  Being  brought  early  into  the  House  of  Commons,  and  a  grave 
senator  objecting  to  his"  youth,  and  to  his  not  looking  as  if  he  had 
sowed  his  wild  oats,  he  replied  with  great  quickness,  'Then  I  am 
come  to  the  properest  place,  where  are  so  many  geese  to  pick  them 
up.'  " — Horace  AValpole. 

"  lie  was  a  man  of  great  abilities,  and  well  versed  in  every  kind 
of  literature." — Doniiiaas's  Peerage. 

"  His  quick  and  extraordinary  parts  .and  notable  spirit  perfoi-med 
much,  and  promised  more." — Lloyd's  State  Worilties. 

*'  His  play  contains  a  great  deal  of  true  wit  and  satire." — Bwff. 
Dramat. 

"  He  was  cut  off  in  the  prime  of  his  years,  and  was  as  much  missed 

when  dead  as  beloved  when  living :  being  a  person  eminent  for  his 

extraordinary  parts  and  heroick  spirit."— iciiigiwi'/ic's  Dram.  Poets. 

Cary,  J.  VV.     Acts  of  the  Apostles,  with  Notes,  Lon., 

1842,  18mo. 

Cary,  John.    Eights  of  the  Commons,  Lon.,  1718,  Svo. 
Cary,  John,  of  BristoL     Treatises  on  Political  Eco- 
nomy. Politics,  and  Trade,  1695-1745,    Discourse  on  Trade 
and  other  JIatlers  relative  to  it  Lon.,  1745,  Svo. 

''  Hiiwev.  r  little  it  ilcservtft  such  an  honour,  this  work  was  made 
the  f.-on.biti'Ui  .if  a  Fo-n.-b  pulilication  entitled  Kssai  Sur  L'Etat 
Du  Conunerce  D'Angleterre.  2  vols,  post  Svo,  Paris,  1755. 

"1'he  latter,  however-  contains  much  additional  matter,  and  is 
in  .all  respects  a  more  v.aluable  work  than  that  of  Cary."— McCoL- 
LOCH  :  Ltt.  Paid.  Econoiiil/. 

Cary,  or  Carey,  John.  New  Itinerary  through 
England,  Wales,  ic,  Lon..  179S,  Svo  ;  10th  edit,  1821,  Svo. 

'■°\  jiopular  and  highly  useful  work."— Lowndes. 

Cary  pub.  several  other  topographical  works,  17S6-1S01. 

Cary,  Lncius,  second  Viscount  Falkland,  b.  about 
1610.  killed  at  the  battle  of  Newbury.  1643,  was  a  son  of 
Henry,  tirst  Viscount  Falkl.ind.  Ho  was  educated  at 
Trinity  College.  Dublin,  and  became  distinguished  for  his 
nncommon  proficiency  in  classical  and  general  literature. 
His  death  at  an  early  age  in  defence  of  his  sovereign,  was 
greatly  lamented.  Speeches,  1640, '41.  Draft  of  a  Speech 
of  Episcopacy,  1644.  Discourse  upon  the  Infallibility  of 
the  Church  of  Rome,  1645,  4to.  Holland,  a  Romish  priest, 
answered  this  Discourse.  A  View  of  some  Exceptions 
made  against  the  Discourse  on  the  Infallibility  of  the 
Church  of  Rome,  Oxf,  1646,  4to.  Discourse  and  Reply 
printed  together,  1651,  4to ;  with  T.  White's  Answer,  Lon., 
1660,  4to.  A  Letter  to  Mr.  F.  M.,  anno  1636;  at  the  end 
of  C.  Gatakcr's  Answer  to  Five  Copious  Question.?,  Ac, 
1673,  4to.  His  lordship  also  wrote  some  other  pieces,  po- 
etical, Ac. 

Wood  savs  that  it  was  the  current  opinion  of  the  Uni- 
versity of  Oxford,  that  Chillingworth  and  Falkland  had 
such  extraordinary  clear  reason,  that  if  the  great  Turk  or 
the  Devil  were  to  be  converted,  they  were  able  to  do  it 

Hor.ace  Walpole,  with  his  usual  pertness,  attempts  to 
disparage  the  ardent  eulogies  with  which  Falkland's  me- 
mory was  honoured;  but  Horace  was  a  much  better  judge 
of  a  FaenzaVase  ora  Poussin  landscape  tlian  of  the  value 
of  any  historical  testimony.  Hear  Lord  Clarendon  and 
other  good  judges : 

"  He  was  a  person  of  such  prodigious  parts  of  ]e.arning  and 

S6l 


CAR 

knowledge,  of  that  inestimable  sweetness  and  deliRht  in  conrcrsa- 
tien.  of  so  flowinR  and  ol.liging  a  liumanity  and  goodness  to  man- 
kind, and  of  that  primitive  simplicity  and  intei;iitv  of  life,  that 
it  there  were  no  other  brand  upon  this  odious  iind  accursed  civil 
war  than  th.at  single  loss,  it  must  be  most  infamous  and  execrable 
to  all  posterity."— Zfistorj/ ./  tlie  HebdUrm. 

"  Lord  Falkland's  usual  saving  was — *  I  pity  unlearned  gentle- 
men on  a  rainy  day.' " — Llotd, 

"  He  was  the  envy  of  this  age.  and  will  be  the  wonder  of  the 
next."— r/-t>;rf's  Epist.  Utdic.  before  the  Discourse  of  IiifalliliiHl!/; 
1051. 

"  He  was  the  greatest  ornament  to  our  nation  that  the  last  age 
produced."— Ore!.<i/'s  Epist.  Apologrtiml,  l(i74. 

"  As  for  his  parts,  which  speak  him  better  than  any  elegy,  they 
were  incomparable,  and  needed  no  supplies  of  industry.'' — Aihen 
Oxon. 

"  A  person  of  great  wit.  conspicuous  for  his  natural  perfections ; 
in  his  printed  writings  there  is  an  incomparable  happy  mixture  of 
that  great,  beautiful,  charming  thing  called  wit."— Genuine  ife- 
mains  of  Dr.  Barlow,  1673. 

We  will  conclude  with  SuckliDg'.s  character  of  this  nohle 
writer  : 

•'  He  was  of  late  so  gone  with  divinity, 
That  he  had  almost  forgot  his  poetry, 
Though  to  say  the  truth  (and  Apollo  did  know  it,) 
He  might  have  been  both  his  priest  and  his  poet." 
Tlie  Session  of  FOets  ;  in  Fragmenta  Aurca,  or  Poems,  Lon.,  1648, 
8to. 

Cary,  M.     Theological  treatises,  Lon.,  1647-53,  4to. 

Cary,  Mordecai,  d.  1752,  Bishop  of  Clonfert,  trans- 
lated to  Killala,  17:i5.     Serm.,  J.ts.  i.  27,  Duhl.,  1744,  4to. 

Cary,  Philip.  Reply  to  R.  Burthegge  on  Infant 
B.iplism,  Lon.,  lfiS4,  12mo. 

Cary,  liich.trd.  Le  n^cessaire  use  et  fruit  de  les 
Pleadings,  conteine  en  le  Livre  de  Edw.  Coke,  avesque  un 
collection  de  coinmemorable  cases  sparsim  cite  en  les  argu- 
ments de  mesme  les  reports.  A\  queux  est  au-\i  adde,  un 
pleine  et  perfect  table  de  les  choses  conteinus  en  ycel,  Lon., 
Ifilll.Svo.  Thi.s  would  appearto  be  Henry  Gary's  book, (ajite.) 

Cary,  Robert,  Earl  of  Monmouth.     See  Carey. 

t'ary,  Robert,  1615?-16SS,  great-nephew  of  Sir 
George  Cary,  Lord  Deputy  of  Ireland  temp.  Elizabeth, 
was  a  native  of  Devon.  He  was  admitted  of  E.xetcr  Col- 
lege, O.xford.  in  16.31 ;  Doctor  of  Laws,  1644  ,■  Archdeacon 
of  Exeter,  1662.  Paleeologia  Chronica;  a  Chronological 
Account  of  Ancient  Time  ;  in  three  parts:  1.  Didactical. 
2.  Apodeictical.  3.  Canonical,  Lon.,  1677,  fol.  This  is 
an  excellent  work. 

"  He  was  in  his  young  years  pretty  well  skilled  in  poetry,  as  well 
Latin  .as  English  :  though  he  published  nothing  in  this  kind,  but 
tho.se  Hymns  of  our  Church,  that  are  appointed  to  be  read  after 
the  Lessons,  together  with  the  Creed,  Ac." — Biog.  Brit. 

"  He  was  accounted  very  learned  in  curious  and  critical  learn- 
ing."— Atlieu.  Ojon. 

Cary,  Samuel,  A.  1815,  aged  30,  a  minister  of  Bos- 
ton, Massachusetts,  pub.  Serms.,  Ac,  1806-15. 

Cary,  Thomas.  Serms.,  1691,  4to.  A  trans,  of  the 
Sicur  de  la  Serre's  Mirrour  which  flatters  not;  with  some 
verses  by  the  translator,  1639,  Svo. 

"Thisltooke.  which  expresseth  to  thee  in  a  Mirrour  a  dying  life, 
and  life-devouring  Death,  layes  thee  open  to  thvselfe.  reader,  in 
such  a  happie  shape  of  truth,  and  so  cleare  a  light  of  a  sublime 
style,  that  thou  canst  not  scape  thyselfe.    Gaze  hereon  often,"  An. 

Cary,  Thomas,  d.  1S08,  aged  63,  a  minister  of  New- 
buryport,  Ma.ssachusetts,  pub.  Serms.,  Ac,  1796-lSOl. 

Cary,  Mrs.  Virginia,  d.  1852.  Mutius,  a  story  of 
the  first  century,  pub.  about  1S28.  Letters  on  Female 
Education,  pub.  about  1S30.  Ruth  Churchill.  Mrs.  Cary 
contributed  many  tales,  ess.ays,  and  poetical  compositions 
to  the  periodicals  of  the  day. 

Cary,  Carie,  or  Carye,  Walter.  A  Book  of  the 
Property  of  llerbes,  Lon.,  8vo,  sine  unno.  The  Hammer 
for  the  Stone,  1581,  16mo.  Carie's  Farewell  to  Physic, 
15R3,  12mo;  1587,  16mo;  1611,  Svo. 

Cary,  Walter,  a  writer  on  PoUlical  Economy.  The 
Present  State  of  England,  with  the  Paradox,  our  Fathers 
were  very  rich  with  little,  and  we  poor  with  much,  Lon., 
1627,  4to.  England's  Wants,  or  Several  Proposals  proba- 
bly bencBcial  to  England:  otfcred  to  the  consideration  of 
all  good  Patriots  of  both  Houses  of  Parliament,  Lon., 
1685,  Svo. 

Caryl,  John,  supposed  to  have  been  a  native  of  Sus- 
sex, was  secretary  to  Queen  Mary,  the  consort  of  James 
II.,  and  followed  his  master  after  his  abdication.  He  was 
rewarded  by  knighthood,  and  the  title  of  Earl  Caryl  and 
Baron  Dartford.  The  English  Princess,  or  the  Death  of 
Richard  IIL ;  a  Tragedy,  1667,  4to.  Sir  Salomon,  or  the 
Cautious  Coxcomb  ;  a  Comedy,  1671,  4to.  The  Psalms  of 
David,  trans,  from  the  Vulgate,  1700,  12mo.  In  Tonson's 
edit,  of  Ovid's  Epistles,  that  of  Briseis  to  Achilles  is  as- 
scribed  to  Caryl ;  and  he  trans,  the  first  Eclogue  of  Virgil, 
pub.  in  Nichols's  Select  Collection  of  Miscellany  Poems, 


CAS 

vol.  i.  He  was  a  Roman  Catholic,  and  one  of  the  intimate 
friends  of  Alexander  Pope. 

-  1  have  been  assured  bv  a  most  intimate  friend  of  Mr.  Pope's, 
that  the  Peer  in  the  Hape  of  the  Lock  was  Lord  Petre;  the  person 
who  desired  Mr.  Pope  to  write  it,  old  .Mr.  Caryl  of  Sussex;  and 
that  what  was  said  of  yir  George  Brown  in  it  was  the  very  picture 
of  the  man." — Speuc's  Anecdotes  of  Ptqic,  Ltm..  1S20. 

Caryl,  Joseph,  1602-167.3,  an  eminent  Nonconform- 
ist divine,  a  commoner  at  Exeter  College,  Oxford;  ap- 
pointed one  of  the  Triers  for  the  approbation  of  ministers, 
1653;  ejected,  1662.  He  afterwards  preached  to  a  con- 
gregation in  the  neighbourhood  of  London  Bridge.  Serms., 
Lon.,  1643,  '45,  '46,  '51,  '67.  Exposition,  with  Practical 
Ob.servations,  on  the  Booke  of  Job,  1644-66,  12  vols.  4to ; 
166B,  2  vols.  fol. 

"  It  is  a  most  elaborate,  learned,  judicious,  and  pious  work,  con- 
taining a  rich  fund  of  critical  and  practical  divinity." — Dr.  K.  "WiL- 

LIABIS. 

'■  This  is  the  most  ponderous  of  all  the  expositions  which  have 
been  published  on  this  part  of  Scripture.  ...  It  is  impossible  it 
can  be  useful,  as  no  man  can  endure  the  tatigue  of  toiling  through 
it.  .  .  .  While  I  do  ju.stice  to  the  piety  and  feelings  of  the  writer, 
I  cannot  approve  of  a  mode  of  treating  the  word  of  God,  which 
partakes  more  of  enOnnljing  than  of  exhibiting  it." — Obme. 

"  A  complete  text-book  of  divinity." 

'•  I  have  never  had  an  opportunit'y  of  examining  it ;  but  TValch 
eulogizes  it  in  very  high  terms.  (Biblioth.  Theol..  vol.  iv.  p.  4«7.) 
It  is  now  very  little  read,  or  even  consulted ;  few  readers  being 
able  to  wade  through  two  large  folio  volumes.'' — T.  H.  HoRNE. 

"Spiritual,  practical,  and  evangelical." — Bickkrstkth. 

Mr.  Berrie  has  pub.  extracts  from  Caryl's  Exposition  of 
Job,  ISmo. 

Carysfort,  John  Joshua  Proby,  Earl  of.  Letter 
on  Universal  SuflVage,  itc,  17Stl,  Svo.  Thoughts  on  the 
Constitution,  1783,  Svo.  Revenge  of  Guendolin :  12 
printed.  Dr,amatic  and  Miscell.  Works,  Lon.,  1810,  2  vols, 
cr.  Svo. 

"  Evidently  the  fruit  of  a  cultivated  mind  and  a  correct  ta.stc, 
and  they  display  no  inconsiderable  stores  of  poetical  expiession." 
— Lon.  MonViln  Review,  ISll. 

Case,  Charles.     Thirteen  Serms.,  1774,  12mo. 

Case,  H.  Treatises  on  the  Scurvy,  Dropsy,  Ac., 
1676,  Svo. 

Case,  John,  M.D.,  d.  1600,  Fellow  of  St.  John's  Col- 
lege, Oxford;  Prebendary  of  North  Aulton  in  the  Church 
of  Salisbury,  1589.  He  died  a  Roman  Catholic,  an  incli- 
n.ation  to  which  religion  was  supposed  to  be  the  cause  of 
his  abandoning  his  Fellowship.  Summa  Veterum  Inter- 
pretum  in  univers.im  Logicam  Aristoteli.s,  Oxon.,  1585, 
4to;  Francf,  1616,  Svo.  Speculum  Moralium  Questionum 
in  universam  Ethicam  Aristotelis,  Oxon.,  1585,  4to  • 
Francf,  1616,  Svo. 
"  The  first  book  printed  at  the  new  press  at  Oxford." — Lowndes. 

Reflexis  Speculis  Moralis,  ic,  Oxon.,  1584,  '96,  Svo. 
The  Praise  of  Musicke,  Oxf,  1686,  8vo ;  anon.  Wood  is 
uncertain  as  to  the  authorship  of  this  work.  Dr.  Farmer 
attriliutes  it  to  Case,  .and  Thomas  Watson  compliments  the 
same  person  as  the  .author.  See  Brit,  Bibliographer,  ii. 
543.  Thesaurus  dconomiae,  Ac,  Oxf,  1597,  '98,  Svo- 
Hanov.,  1598,  Svo.  Spa'ra  Civilitatis  sive  de  Political 
Oxf.,  15SS,  4to;  Francf,  1616,  Svo.  Lapis  Philosophicus, 
Ac,  Arist.  Oxf,  1599,  4to.     Other  works. 

"  He  was  the  most  noted  disputant  and  philosopher  that  ever 
before  set  foot  in  that  college.  [St.  John's,  Oxford.]  ...  A  man  of 
an  innocent,  meek,  religious,  and  studious  life,  of  a  facete  and  af 
fable  conver.sation.  a  lover  of  scholars,  beloved  of  them  again,  and 
had  in  high  veneration." — Athen.  Oxon. 

Case,  John,  M.D.,  a  famous  astrologer  and  quack, 
temp.  Anne,  was  a  native  of  Lyme-Regis,  in  Dorsetshire. 

"  He  was  looked  upon  as  the  succes.sor  of  the  famous  Lilly, 
whose  magical  utensils  he  possessed.  These  he  would  sometimes 
expose  in  derision  to  his  intimate  friends;  and  particularly  'the 
dark  chamtjer  and  pictures,  where  Lilly  used  to  impo.se  upon 
people,  under  the  pretence  of  showing  them  persons  who  were  at> 
sent.'  " — Biographia  ;  Gr.\xgkr. 

"  Dr.  Case  ei-ased  the  ver.ses  of  his  predecessor  out  of  the  sign- 
post, and  substituted  in  their  place  two  of  his  own,  which  were  as 
follows: 

Within  this  place 
Lives  Doctor  Case. 
He  is  said  to  have  got  more  by  this  distich  than  Sir.  Drvden  did 
by  all  his  works." — Tatter,  No.  '240. 

Compendium  Anatomicum  nova  arte  institutum,  Lon., 
1694,  '95,  12mo. ;  Amst,,  1696,  12mo.  It  has  been  ques- 
tioned whether  Case  really  wrote  this  work.  It  espouses 
the  opinion  of  Harvey  and  De  Graaf  as  to  the  generation 
of  quadrupeds  and  other  animals  nh  oro.  The  AVords  of 
the  Key  to  Hclmont,  Ac,  Lon.,  1682,  4to.  Medical  Ex- 
positor, 1698,  12mo.  The  Angcliciil  Guide,  shewing  Men 
and  Women  their  Lot  and  Chance  in  this  elementary  Life, 
Lon.,  1697,  Svo. 

"  This  is  one  of  the  most  profound  astrological  pieces  that  the 
world  ever  saw.  The  diagrams  would  probably  have  puzzled  Eu- 
clid, though  he  had  studied  astrology.    I  have  seen  the  doctor's 


CAS 

head  pasted  into  a  portfolio,  amidst  these  Btrange  diagrams,  with 
the  following  motto: 

'  Thron'd  in  the  centre  of  bis  dark  designs.' 
Immediately  after  the  unintelligible  hieroglyphic  inscribed  '  Adam 
in  Paradise,'  is  this  passage,  which  I  have  selected  as  a  specimen 
of  the  work : 

" '  Thus  Adam  was  created  in  that  pleasant  place  Paradise,  about 
the  year  before  Christ  4002.  viz..  on  April  24.  at  twelve  o'clock,  or 
midnight.  Now,  this  place  Paradise  is  in  Mesopotamia,  where  the 
pole  is  elevated  34  deg.  30  min.,  and  the  sun  riseth  IVmr  hours 
sooner  than  under  the  elevation  of  the  pole  at  London.'  ' — Gran- 
ger's Butg.  Hist. 

"  The  following  authentic  anecdote  of  Case  was  communicated 
to  me  by  the  Hev.  Mr.  Gosling,  in  these  terms; 

'■  Dr.  Maundy,  formerly  of  Canterbury,  told  me,  that,  in  his 
travels  abroad,  some  eminent  physician,  who  had  been  in  England, 
gave  him  a  token  to  spend  at  his  return  with  Dr.  Itadcliffe  and  Dr. 
Case.  They  fixed  on  an  evening,  and  were  very  merrv.  when  Dr. 
Kadcliffe  thus  began  a  health :  '  Here,  brother  Case,  to  all  the  fools, 
your  patients.'  '  I  thank  you.  good  brother,"  replied  Case ;  '  let  me 
have  all  the  fools,  and  you  are  heartily  welcome  to  the  rest  of  the 
practice.'" — Granger's  Jiing.  History. 

Case,  Llicila  J.  B.,  a  native  of  New  Hampshire,  is 
a  daughterof  Air.  Bartlctt,  and  was  married  in  18H8  to  Mr. 
E.  Case.  She  is  at  present  a  re.sidcntof  Cincinnati.  Her 
contributions,  both  in  pro.»e  and  verse,  to  periodicals,  "  have 
been  generally  admired." — Woman's  Record. 

Ca.se,  R.  J,  Comment,  on  Proverbs  of  Solomon, 
1822.  12mo. 

Case,  Thomas,  1509-1682.  a  Nonconformist  divine, 
student  of  Christ  Church,  Oxford,  IGlti,  was  ejected  from 
the  living  of  Erpingham,  Norfolk:  afterwards  Rector  of 
St.  Giles  in  the  Fields,  Ac.  He  pub.  many  sermons,  1611- 
70,  and  was  the  originator  and  one  of  the  writers  of  the 
celebrated  Morning  E.-!ercise.s,  at  Cripplegate,  St.  Giles  in 
the  Fields,  and  Southwark,  Lon.,  1677-90,  6  vols.  Ito; 
new  edit.,  by  Jame.?  Nichols,  Lon.,  1846,  8vo. 

"In  fine,  the  six  volumes  will  give  you  such  a  variety,  both  of 
matters  and  of  talents,  that  I  could  wish  you  not  to  be  without 
them." — Dr.  Cotton  .M.ather. 

Case,  Rev.  Wheeler.  Poems,  &c.,  N.  Haven,  1778. 
Revolutionary  Memorials  j  embracing  Poems  by  Rev.  W. 
C,  N.  York,  18.i2. 

Case,  William.     Scrms.,  Lon.,  1616,  4to. 

Case,  William,  .Ir.  The  Minstrel's  Youth:  with 
other  Poems,  l.sul,  12mo.  Pictures  of  British  Female 
Poesy.  1803,  12mo. 

Casino.     A  Mock-Heroic  Poem,  Salisb.,  4lo. 

Casley,  David.  Report  of  Committee  on  Cottonian 
Library,  Ac,  with  an  Appendix,  by  D.  C,  Lon.,  1732,  fol. 
A  Catalogue  of  the  MSS.  of  the  King's  Library,  an  appen- 
dix to  the  Cottonian  Library;  with  150  Specimens  of  the 
manner  of  Writing  in  different  .Ages  from  the  3d  to  the  1 5th 
century.  The  "  MSS.  of  the  King's  Library"  were  a  part 
of  the  munilicent  donation  of  George  II.  to  the  British 
Museum.  It  comprises  the  literary  trca.sures  collected  by 
the  sovereigns  of  England  from  the  time  of  Henry  VII. 
The  magnificent  library  of  George  III.,  including  80,000 
volumes,  which  cost  his  ni.qjesty  £130,000,  was  also  confer- 
red upon  the  nation  by  George  IV.  The  most  important 
donation  to  the  British  Mu.=eum,  with  the  above  exception, 
was  the  libr.ary  of  the  Right  Hon.  Thomas  Grenville,  con- 
taining 20.240  volumes,  which  cost  upwards  of  £54.000.  and 
would  bring  more  money  at  the  present  period.  See  Sims's 
Handbook  to  the  Library  of  the  British  Museum,  Lon.,  1854. 
We  should  not  omit  to  mention  that  Mr.  Casley  compiled 
the  Catalogue  of  the  Harleian  MSS.  from  2405" to  5709. 

Cason,  Edmond.  Letters  rebating  to  the  redemption 
of  the  Captives  in  Algiers,  Lon.,  1647. 

Cass,  General  I.ewis,  LL.D.,  b.  October  9,  1782,  at 
Exeter,  New  Hampshire,  was  called  to  the  Bar  in  1802: 
elected  a  member  of  the  Ohio  legislature  in  1806:  served 
in  the  war  against  England  1812-14;  appointed  Governor 
of  Michigan  1813;  which  post  he  held  until  1831,  when 
he  became  Secretary  of  War,  under  Gener.al  Jackson.  In 
1S36  he  was  appointed  minister  to  France,  and  discharged 
the  duties  of  this  important  post  until  1842,  when  he  re- 
quested to  be  recalled.  In  1848  he  was  a  candidate  for  the 
Presidency  of  the  United  States,  and  received  the  elector.al 
votes  of  half  the  States  of  the  Union.  In  the  hall  of  the 
Senate  at  Washington  General  Cass  long  held  a  com- 
manding influence.  In  1857  he  was  appointed  Secre- 
tary of  Stale  of  the  United  States.  As  a  writer,  he 
is  entitled  to  no  ordinary  commendation.  Specimens  of 
his  style  and  argumentative  powers  may  be  seen  in  his  In- 
quiries respecting  the  History,  Traditions,  Languages,  <ic. 
of  the  Indians  living  within  the  United  States,  Detroit, 
1823,  8vo,  and  in  the  Historical  .and  Scientific  Sketches  of 
Michigan,  delivered  by  General  C.  and  Messrs.  Whiting, 
Biddle,  and  Schoolcraft.  See  also  the  North  American 
Review,  Nos.  1.  and  Iv.  General  Cass  has  given  to  the 
world  his  impressions  of  the  country  in  which  he  was  for 
23 


CAS 

six  years  a  resident,  in  his  work  entitled  France :  its  King, 
Court,  and  Government.  See  Outlines  of  the  Life  and  Cha- 
racter of  General  Cass,  by  H.  R.  Schoolcraft,  Albany,  1848, 
8vo ;  Sketches  of  the  Life  and  Public  Services  of  General 
Cass,  by  Wm.  T.  Young,  Detroit,  1852,  8vo ;  Fifty  Years 
of  Public  Life  :  The  Life  and  Times  of  Lewis  Cass,  by 
W.  L.  G.  Smith,  N.  York.  1856,  8vo. 

Cassan,  Stephen  Hyde,  1789-1841,  presented  to 
the  living  of  Bruton,  with  Wyke.  Champfiower.  1831. 
Lives  and  Memoirs  of  the  Bishops  of  Sherborne  and  Salis- 
bury. 705-1824,  Salisb.,  1824,  8vo.  Lives  of  the  Bishops 
of  Winchester,  from   Birinus   to   the  present  time.   Lon., 

1827,  2  vols.  8vo.  Lives  of  the  Bishops  of  Baths  and  Wells, 
from  the  earliest  to  the  present  time,  1829.  Svo.  Conside- 
rations respecting  the  Corporation  and  Test  Acts,  Lon., 

1828,  8vo. 

Cassel,  James,  M.D.  Med.  Advice  to  Masters  of 
Ships,  1814,  18mo. 

Cassin,  John,  born  1813,  in  Del.aware  county.  Penn. 
Distinguishetl  Ornithologist.  Illustrations  of  the  Birds  of 
California  and  Texas,  8vo,  1855,  Phil.  Zoology  of  the  U. 
S.  Exploring  Expedition,  vol.  viii.,  (Quadrupeds  and  Birds,) 
4to,  1855.  Zoology  of  Gilliss's  U.  S.  Astronomical  Expe- 
dition to  Chili,  1855,  4to.  American  Ornithology :  A  Ijene- 
ral  Synopsis  of  N.  American  Ornithology:  containing  De- 
scriptions and  Figures  of  all  N.  American  Birds  not  given 
by  former  American  Authors,  after  the  manner  and  de- 
signed as  a  continuation  of  the  Works  of  Audubon  ;  50 
coloured  plates,  Phila.,  1856,  8vo.  Ornithology  of  Icono- 
graphic  Encyclopedia,  N.Y.,  1851.  For  many  years  Mr. 
Cassin  has  been  an  active  member  of  the  Academy  of  Na- 
tural Sciences,  Philadelphia,  and  has  contrib.  many  articles 
to  its  Journal  since  1844. 

Castamore.  Conjugium  Languens.  Lon.,  1700,  4to: 
on  the  Jliscbiefs  arising  from  Conjugal  Infidelity. 

Castell,  Edmund,  1606-1685,  a  native  of  Hatley, 
in  Cambridgeshire,  was  entered  of  Emanuel  College, 
Cambridge,  1621 :  he  afterwards  removed  to  St.  John's 
College  for  convenience  of  access  to  the  library,  in  the 
prep.aration  of  his  great  work,  the  Lexicon  Heptaglotton, 
Hebraicum,  Chaldaicum,  Syriacum,  Samaritanuni.  Ethio- 
picum,  Arabicum,  conjunctim  ;  et  Persicum  separatim,  &e., 
Londini,  1669,  2  vols.  fol.  Some  copies  are  dated  1086. 
This  was  intended  as  a  companion  to  Bishop  Walton's 
Biblia  Sacra  Polyglotta,  Londini,  1657,  6  vols.  fol.  Castell 
assisted  upon  this  work,  also,  and  laid  out  more  than  £1000 
upon  it.  His  own  Lexicon  occupied  him  for  eighteen  years, 
and  cost  him  more  than  £12,000,  and  when  completed,  it  lay 
upon  his  hands  as  dead  stock,  with  the  exception  of  a  few 
copies  sold.  He  received  some  preferments,  but  nothing 
to  compensate  him  for  his  time  and  expense.  In  1666  he 
was  made  King's  Chaplain,  and  Arabic  Professor  at  Cam- 
bridge :  in  1688.  Prebendary  of  Canterbury.  The  vicarage 
of  Hatfield,  Essex,  and  subsequently  the  rectory  of  Wode- 
ham  Walter,  were  bestowed  upon  him.  His  last  preferment 
was  the  rectory  of  Higham  Gobion,  Bedfordshire.  He 
pub.  some  learned  pieces.  1660,  '67,  4to.  About  600  copies, 
it  is  supposed,  of  his  Lexicon  were  unsold  at  the  time  of 
his  death.  A  melancholy  fate  was  theii-s !  Hear  the  sad 
tale: 

"  These  were  placed  by  Mrs.  Crisp.  Dr.  Castell's  niece  and  execu- 
trix, in  a  room  of  one  of  her  tenants  houses,  at  Martin,  in  Surrey, 
where,  for  many  years,  they  lay  at  the  mercy  of  the  rats;  who  de- 
stroyed them  in  such  a  manner,  that,  on  the  lady's  death,  her  ex- 
ecutors could  scarcely  form  one  complete  copy  out  of  them.  The 
whole  load  of  learned  rags  sold  for  £7." — Bif>g.  Brit. 

It  was  a  happy  thing  that  the  good  old  man  never  saw 
that  sight ! 

To  Dr.  Lightfoot's  assistance  he  was  greatly  indebted. 
Whilst  preparing  this  work,  Castell  maintained  in  his  own 
house  and  at  his  own  expense  seven  Englishmen  and  seven 
foreigners  as  writers;  all  of  whom  died  before  the  work 
was  completed.  His  reference  to  his  desolate  situation  and 
ill-requited  labours  at  the  end  of  the  third  page  of  the  Pre- 
face, is  truly  afi'ecting: 

'•  Socios  quidem  babui  hoc  opere.  sed  peresiguo  tempore  mecum 
in  illo  commorantes,  nescio  an  dicam.  immensitate  laboris  plane 
exteritos.  Per  pleures  annos.  jam  jetate  provectus.  et  una  cum  - 
patrimonio  satis  competenti.  exhaustis  etiam  animi  viribus,  oculis 
caligantibus.  corporis  variis  in  hoc  opere  confractis.  et  dislocatis 
membris,  relictus  sum  solus,  sine  amanuensi,  aut  vel  correctore 
ullo." 

So  industrious  an  author  was  Castell,  that  he  informs  us, 
"  I  considered  that  day  as  idle  and  dis.satisfactory  in  which  I  did 
not  toil  sixteen  or  eighteen  hours  either  at  the  Polyglot  or  Lexicon." 
Mr.    Disraeli,  referring  to  Castell's  sad  experience,  de- 
clares that  "  all  the  publishers  of  Polyglots  have  been 
ruined." 

'•  8uch  were  the  melancholy  circumstances  under  which  the  Lexi- 
con of  Castell  was  composed;  a  work  which  has  long  challenged 

3i3 


CAS 


thP  admiration,  and  defied  the  eompetition,  of  foreigners;  and 
whiih,  nith  the  great  Polyjrlot  of  Walton,  its  inseparaUe  and  in- 
valuable eompanion,  has  raised  an  eternal  monument  of  literary 
fame." — JH'jiiiti's  Greek  and  Lalin  Cliysics. 

"  It  is  probably  the  greatest  and  most  perfect  work  of  the  k:nd 
ever  performed  by  human  industry  and  learning." — Dr.  Clark  e. 

Seo  Dibdin's  Greek  and  Latin  Classics ;  Home's  Intro- 
duc.  to  the  Scriptures ;  Orme's  Bibl.  Bib. ;  Biog.  Brit. 

Castell,  Robert.     Villas  of  the  Ancients,  1728,  fol. 

Castell,  William.  A  Petition  e.\hihitcd  to  the  High 
Court  of  Parliament,  for  the  Propagating  the  Gospel  in 
America  and  the  West  Indies,  and  for  settling  our  Colonies 
there,  16il,  4to.  A  Short  Discoverie  of  the  Coasts  of  the 
Continent  of  America,  from  the  Equinoctiall  Northward, 
and  of  the  Adjacent  Isles,  Lon.,  1644,  4to.  See  Osburne's 
Voyages,  ii.  733,  1745. 

Castildine.  Annual  Tables  of  the  Taxes,  1803,  '04,  Ac. 

Castle,  George.  The  Chymical  Galenist,  Lon.,  8vo ; 
containing  Reflections  upon   March   Nudhomo's    Medcla 

Medicine. 

Castle,WiHiam.  Treatise  againsttheJesuits,1642,4to. 

Castlehaveii,  James  Touchet,  Earl  of.  Baron 
Audley.  Memoirs  of  his  Engagement  and  Carriage  in  the 
Wars  of  Ireland,  lli42-51;  1680,  12mo ;  suppressed,  and 
very  rare  ;  2d  edit.,  enlarged,  1684. 

"  I  lay  these  my  Memoirs  at  vour  Majestie's  feet,  and  I  pass  them 
on  my  word  not  to  contain  a  lie.  or  a  mistake,  to  my  knowledge." 
—Dedication  to  Jatnts  II.,  ofterii:ards  cancelltd. 

See  a  specimen,  and  a  notice,  of  tracts  elicited  by  this 
volume  iu  Park's  Walpole's  K.  and  N.  Authors ;  also  see 
Athen.  O.\on. 

"James,  Duke  of  Ormond,  finding  himself  and  his  government 
of  Ireland  therein  reflected  uptin  with  great  disadvantage,  as  he 
thought,  he  wrote  and  published  a  letter  to  the  Earl  of  Anglesey, 
dated  at  Dublin.  Nov.  12,  HSl,  to  yindicate  himself.  Anglesey 
thereupon  m.ade  a  reply  in  another.  Ac." — Athen.  Oi^m. 

'■  If  this  lord,  [Castlehaven,]  who  led  a  very  martial  life,  had  not 
taken  pains  to  record  his  own  actions,  (which  however  he  has  done 
with  great  frankness  and  ingenuity,!  we  should  know  little  of  his 
story,  our  historians  scarce  mentioning  him."— Horace  Walpole. 
Castlemain,  Roger  Palmer,  Earl  of,  husband 
of  the  infamous  Duchess  of  Cleveland,  was  ambassador 
from  .James  II.  to  the  Pope,  of  which  Embassy  an  account 
was  pub.  by  Michael  Wright  in  Italian,  Rom.,  1687:  in 
English,  with  addits.,  Lou.,  16S8,  fol.  "A  splendid  book." 
His'lordship  pub.  several  works.  An  Account  of  the  pre- 
sent War  between  the  Venidans  and  the  Turks,  Lon., 
1666,  sm.  12mo. 

"  In  the  dedication  he  discovers  that  the  Turk  is  the  (Jroat  Le- 
viathan, and  that  renegades  lose  their  talents  for  sea  affairs."— 
Horace  Walpole. 

A  Short  and  True  Account  of  the  material  Passages  in 
the  late  War  between  the  English  and  Dutch  in  the  Savoy, 
1671,  8vo.  Manifesto,  1681,  sm.  8vo.  This  is  a  defence 
of  himself  from  TuberviUe's  charge  that  he  was  concerned 
in  the  popish  plot.  An  Apology  in  behalf  of  the  Papists, 
8vo ;  reprinted  and  answered  by  Dr.  Lloyil,  Bishop  of  St. 
Asaph,  Lon.,  1667,  4to ;  this  led  to  a  controversy,  which 
produced  several  tracts.  See  Biog.  Brit,  and  Park's  Wal- 
pole's R.  and  N.  Authors.  The  Compendium ;  or  a  short 
View  of  the  Trials  in  relation  to  the  present  [Popish]  plot, 
Lon.,  1679,  4to. 

"This  piece  is  ascribed  to  him.  but  I  cannot  affirm  it  to  be  of  his 
writing.  I  believe  he  wrote  other  things,  but  I  have  not  met  with 
them." — Horace  Walpole. 

Castleman,  John.  Serm.,  1744,  4to. 
Castleman,  Richard.  His  Voyage,  Shipwreck, 
and  Miraculous  Escape,  with  a  description  of  Pennsylva- 
nia, and  the  City  of  Philadelphia.  This  will  be  found  ap- 
pended to  the  account  of  the  Voyages  and  Adventures  of 
Captain  Robert  Boyle,  Lon.,  1726,  8vo,  pp.  374. 

"  Boyle's  narrative  is  probably  a  fictitious  one ;  but  that  of 
Castleman  bears  marks  of  authenticity.  The  tatter's  visit  to 
Philadelphia  took  place  in  1710.  Boyle's  Voy-ages  have  been  often 
reprtuted;  but  Castleman's  relation  is  only  to  be  found  in  the 
early  editions."— /I'icA's  Bihtiothe'-a  Amtriritnn  Nnrii. 

Castlereagh,  Robert  Stewart,  Lord  Viscount, 

1769-1S22,  a  distinguished  statesman.  Speeches  :  viz.. 
On  the  Union,  Lon.,  1800,  Svo ;  Bullion  Committee,  1811, 
8vo;  R.  Catholic  Petitions,  1810,  Svo;  Earl  Stanhope's 
Bill,  1811,  Svo.  Memoirs  and  Correspondence,  edited  by 
bis  brother,  the  Marquis  of  Londonderry,  Lon.,  1848-51, 
8  vols.  Svo. 

"  This  valuable  publication  gives  us  a  new  insight  into  history. 
Wo  are  always  thankful  to  get  State  Papers  at  length."— ion. 
AthenfEum. 

"The  most  v.aluable  contribution  to  modern  history  that  we 
know  of  Without  these  n-ronis  il  is  impnssililo  for  any  man  to 
say  that  up  to  this  moment  he  lias  had  the  opportunity  of  know- 
ing the  real  history  of  the  Irish  Kebelliou  and  Union." — Lon. 
Moi-ning  Heridd. 

"  .\  work  of  the  highest  and  most  universal  interest." — Lon. 
Morning  Chronicle. 
354 


CAT 

"  The  work  is  equally  valuable  to  the  historian  and  the  poli- 
ticiall."— ,/o/in  Bnll.  , 

-  ','  I  cannot  adcfjuatcly  express  the  gratification  and  interest 
these  papers  have  atforded  me.  I  consider  tbem  as  invaluable 
materials  for  history."— Sir  Arcbidald  Alison, 

Castlereagh,  Lord- Viscount,  Marquis  of 
Londonderry,  nephew  of  the  preceding.  Narrative  of 
his  Journey  to  Damascus  from  Egypt,  Nubia,  Arabia 
Petra;a,  Palestine,  and  Syria,  with  illustrations,  Lon., 
1847,  2  vols.  p.  Svo. 

"  These  volumes  are  replete  with  new  impressions,  and  are  espe- 
cially characterized  by  great  power  of  lively  and  graphic  descrip- 
tion."—io?i.  JVcTO  Monthly  Mag. 

"  Lord  Castlereagb's  Journey  includes  his  lordship  s  voyage  up 
the  Nile  to  the  second  cataract — his  account  of  the  Pyramids, 
Luxor,  I'hila?,  Thebes,  and  all  the  wonderful  monnments  of  the 
ancient  world  accessible  to  the  traveller— his  visits  to  Mount  Sinai 
and  other  places  famous  in  Biblical  history— his  descriptions  of 
Bethlehem,  Jerusalem,  and  the  sacred  localities  of  Christianity- 
his  characteristic  sketches  of  the  modern  Egyptians.  Arabs.  Ai^ 
meiiians,  Jews,  Druses,  and  Turks,  and  his  personal  recollections 
of  Mehemet  All  and  the  nobles  of  his  Court,  the  great  Sheiks  of 
the  Desert,  and  the  Princesses  of  the  Lebanon.    To  future  tourists 
in  the  East  the  work  will  be  extremely  valuable."— ion.  Globe. 
Castles,  John.     Sugar  Ants,  Phil.  Trans.,  1790. 
Castres,  Abr.     Suppressing  Beggary,  Lon.,  1726, 4to. 
Castro,  Chris.   Merchant's  Assistant,  Lon.,  1742,  Svo. 
Casus,  John.     Seo  Case. 
CasH'all,  E.     Serms..  Lon.,  1S46,  Svo. 
Caswall,  George.     The  Trifler  ;  a  Satire.  1767,  4to. 
Caswall,  Henry.  America  and  the  American  Church, 
Lon.,  p.  Svo,  1849.     The   Prophet   of  the   19th    Century, 
or  the  Rise.  Ac.  of  the  Mormons  or  Latter  Day  Saints, 
1.843,  p.  Svo.     City  of  the  Mormons,  12mo,  1842.     Mr. 
Caswall  gives  an  interesting  account  of  the  vilest  system 
of  consummate  hypocrisy,  stupid  credulity,  and  disgusting 
licentiousness,  which  the  present  day  h.as  witnessed.     It 
is  to  be  hoped  that  the  leaders  of  this  wicked  delusion— 
who  openly  set  the  laws  of  God  and  man  at  deiiance — will 
speedily  be  arrested  by  that  Justice  Avhich  has  too  long 
slumbered.     To  call  such  a  system  as  Mormonism  a  "  re- 
ligion," is  something  worse  than  ridiculous. 

Caswell,  John.  Mathemat.  Con.  to  Phil.  Trans., 
1695-170J. 

Catcott,  A.  S.     Theological  treatises. 
Catcott,    Alexander.       Eighteen    Sermons,    Lon., 
1752,   Svo;    1767,  8vo.      Separate   Serms.,  1736,  Ac.     A 
Treatise  on  the  Deluge,  Lon.,  1762,  Svo;  1767,  Svo. 

"  This  work  is  framed  on  the  principles  of  Ilutchioson,  and  con- 
tains what  the  author  considers  a  full  explanation  of  the  Scripture 
history  of  the  flood.  .  .  .  Parkhurst  speaks  very  respectfully  of  it 
in  bis  Hebrew  Lexicon.  Mr.  Catcott  was  the  author  of  several 
single  seriiions  :  all  of  tbem  strongly  marked  with  the  peculiarities 
of  his  philii,snpliicu-lliri>l..;iical  systom.  He  also  wrote  a  Latin 
work  Ou  till' True  and  Sacred  Philosophy,  as  lately  explained  by 
John  Hutchinson,  Esii.  This  has  been  lately  translated,  and  pub- 
lished, with  notes,  &c.,  by  A.  Maxwell,  Lou.,  1821.  Svo."— Orme. 

"  Catcott  was  the  most  celebrated,  next  to  Spearman,  of  the 
Ilutchinsoniau  philosophical  school." 

"One  of  the  best  of  the  school  of  Hutchinson,  though  he  par- 
took somewh.at  of  the  spirit,  and  entered  into  the  visions,  of  his 
preceptor." — £>//».  liei^iew. 

Catcott,  George  J.,  or  S.  Pen  Park  Hole,  Brist., 
1792,  Svo;  account  of  a  descent  into  this  cavern. 

Catelinc,  Jeremy.  Rules,  Ac.  of  the  Ordinence  of 
Parliament,  164S,  Svo. 

Cater,  Samuel.  Apostate  Conscience,  Lon.,  16S3,  Svo. 
Cntcsby,  Lady  Juliet.     Letters  to  Lady  Camply, 
17WI.  12nio. 

Catesby,  Mark,  16S0?-1749,  an  eminent  naturalist, 
resided  in  Virginia  from  1712  to  1719,  and  on  his  return 
to  England  was  persuaded  by  Sir  Hans  Sloane  and  other 
naturalists  to  revisit  America  for  the  purpose  of  delineat- 
ing the  botanical  and  zoological  curiosities  which  he  might 
discover.  He  arrived  at  Carolina  in  1722,  and  spent  about 
three  years  on  the  Continent,  and  some  time  in  the  Baha- 
ma Islands;  returning  to  England  in  1726.  He  pub.  in 
numbers,  from  1731  to  1748,  The  Natural  History  of  Caro- 
lina, Florida,  and  the  Bahama  Islands,  2  vols.  fol.  The 
figures  were  etched  by  himself:  new  edit.,  revised  by 
(ieorgc  Eilwards,  1754,  2  vols,  fob;  another  edit.,  with  a 
Linniean  Index  and  Appendix,  1771,  2  vols.  fol. 

"  In  this  splendid  |>crtoiiiiaiice,  the  curious  are  gratified  with  the 
figures  of  many  of  tbc  most  beautiful  trees,  shrubs,  and  hcrliiccoug 
plants  that  adioii  Ibi'  gai  dens  of  the  present  time."  See  Pulteacj's 
Sketches  of  Bolany  ;  liich's  Americana  Bibliotheca  Nova. 

Ilortus  Europoj  Americanns,  Lon.,  1767,  fol.  (posth.) 
On  Birds  of  Passage.  Vide  Phil.  Trans.,  1747.  His 
name  htis  been  perpetuated  by  Gronovius  in  the  plant  de- 
nominated Cdlesbtrin.  Weston  ascribes  to  him  The  Prac- 
tical Farmer,  or  Herefordshire  Husbandman,  12ino.  A 
Plan  of  an  Experimental  Farm,  Svo.  Uniting  and  Monopo- 
lizing Farms  proved  disadvantageous  to  the  Landowners. 


CAT 


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Cathcart,  Hon.  George,  Major-General,  K.C.B., 
Governor  and  Ci'iumarnler-in-Cbicf  at  tlio  Otipo  of  (iuod 
Hope,  b.  1794,  third  son  of  the  late  Earl  Cathcart.  has 
served  in  the  army  in  various  parts  uf  the  wiirld,  and  was 
aide-de-camp  to  the  Duke  of  Wellington  at  the  battle  of 
Waterloo.  He  sailed  from  England,  February  1,  1832, 
shortly  after  his  appointment,  to  assume  his  duties  at  the 
Cape  of  Good  Hope.  He  has  lately  pub.  Commentaries 
on  the  War  in  Russia  and  Germany,  1812-13. 

"  This  humble,  but  authentic,  contribution  to  the  general  stock 
of  materials  from  which  historical  knowledj^e  is  to  be  derived,  is 
otTered  as  the  tt?stimony  of  an  eye-witness  of  much  he  has  recorded, 
and  one  who  had  peculiar  opportunities  of  correct  information  re- 
specting the  rest." — Author's  Pre/ace. 

"We  owe  Colonel  Cathcart's  solid  and  unpretending  volume  a 
notice.  .  .  .  Sound,  concise,  and  pregnant.  It  seems  to  us  to  be 
equally  valuable  for  its  facts  and  its  commentaries." — Z^n.  Quart. 
Jievieio. 

'•  As  a  treatise  on  the  Science  of  War,  these  Commentaries  ought 
to  find  their  way  into  the  hands  of  every  soldier.  In  them  is  to 
be  found  an  accurate  record  of  events  of  which  no  military  man 
should  be  ignorant." — Lo».  Morning  Chronicle. 

We  have  to  add  to  the  above  that,  in  Dec,  1853,  Major- 
Gen.  Cathcart  was  appointed  Adjutant-General  to  the 
Forces,  vice  Lieut-Gen.  Sir  George  Brown,  K.C.B.,  re- 
signed. Major-Gen.  0.  was  one  of  the  first  victims  to  the  de- 
solating spirit  of  war  which  raged  in  the  Crimea  1853-55. 

Cathcart,  John.  Letter  to  Admiral  Vernon,  Lon., 
1744,  8vo. 

Catherall,  Samuel.  Serm.  and  other  publications, 
1692-1721. 

Catherine  Parr,  d.  1548,  sixth  and  last  consort  of 
Henry  VIII.,  wrote  Queen  Catherine  Parr's  Lamentation 
of  a  Sinner  bewailing  the  ignorance  of  her  blind  Life; 
found  among  her  papers  after  her  death,  and  pub.  with  a 
preface  by  Secretary  Cecil,  (afterwards  Lord  Burleigh,) 
Lon..  1548,  and  1563,  8vo. 

"  This  was  a  contrite  meditation  on  the  years  she  had  passed  in 
popery,  in  fasts  and  pilgiima^es."     See  \Valpole"s  R.  k  N.  Authors. 

In  her  lifetime  she  pub.  Prayers  or  Meditations,  wherein 
the  mynd  is  stirred  patiently  to  suffre  all  afflictions  here, 
to  set  at  nought  the  vaine  prosperitie  of  this  world,  and 
always  to  long  for  the  everlastynge  felicitee.  Collected 
out  of  (eertayne)  holy  woorkes  by  tlie  most  virtuous  and 
gracious  princessc  Katherine,  queene  of  p]nglandc,  France, 
and  Irelande.  Printed  by  John  Wayland,  1545,  12mo, 
and  1546,  '47,  '48,  and  '63  :  these  early  edits,  have  been 
sold  for  3  to  7  guineas,  according  to  condition.  It  was  re- 
pub,  by  the  Keligious  Tract  Society.  Lon.,  1S31,  c.  64mo, 
and  it  will  be  found  in  The  Writiugs  of  the  British  Re- 
formers, {Lon.,  12  vols.  12mo,)  vol.  xi. 

Catherwooil,  John,  M.D.  Apoplesia,  Lon.,  1715, 
'35,  Svo. 

Cathrall,  Isaac,  M.D.,  d.  1819,  aged  55,  a  physician 
of  Philadelphia,  studied  in  that  city,  and  in  London,  Edin- 
burgh, and  Paris.  During  the  prevalence  of  the  yellow 
fever  in  Philadelphia,  he  attended  the  sick,  and  even  dis- 
sected those  who  died  of  the  disease.  He  died  of  the 
apoplexy.  Remarks  on  the  Yellow  Fever,  1794.  An  edit, 
of  Buchan's  Domestic  Medicine,  with  Notes,  1797.  Con. 
to  Annals  of  Med.,  Lon.,  1798;  to  Med.  Facts,  1800;  to 
Trans.  Amer.  Philos.  Society,  {on  the  Black  Vomit,)  18O0. 
In  conjunction  with  Dr.  Carrie,  a  pamphlet  on  the  Yellow 
Fever,  1802. 

"  lie  was  a  judicious  physician,  a  skilful  anatomist  and  sur- 
fjeon ;  a  man  of  rigid  morality  and  Inflexible  integrity ;  and  truly 
estimable  in  the  relations  of  a  son,  husband,  and  Cither."  See 
Thacber^s  Med.  Iliography. 

CatJew,    Samuel.      Theological   and    Educational 

works.  17S8-lS0Si. 

Catley,  Ann.  Memoirs  of,  by  Miss  Ambross,  1790, 
Svo;  another,  entitled  Life  and  Memoirs  of  A.  C.  sw(ea/i?(o. 

Catlin,  Georgrc,  is  well  known  for  his  eight  years' 
adventures  among  the  North  American  Indians  in  his  per- 
severing investigations  into  the  manners  and  customs  of 
a  people  who  will  soon  be  only  known  by  the  records  of 
Mr.  Catlin.  and  gentlemen  who  have  laboured  in  the  same 
field.  Mr.  C.  took  a  number  of  Indians,  and  many  of 
their  national  curiosities,  with  him  to  Europe,  ami  at- 
tracted much  attention  by  his  interesting  exhibitions. 

'■The  public  has  fully  confirmed  the  opinion  we  formerly  pro- 
nounced on  Catlin's  Indian  Gallery,  as  the  most  interesting  exhi- 
bition which,  iu  our  recollection,  had  been  opened  in  London." — 
Lon.  AlhejKTum. 

Illustrations  of  the  Manners,  Customs,  and  Condition 
of  the  North  American  Indians,  written  during  Eight 
Years  of  Travel  and  Adventure  among  the  Wildest  and 
most  Reraarkal>Io  Tribes  now  existing.  With  above  300 
steel-plate  illustrations,  taken  from  the  numerous  Paint- 
ings in  his  Indian   Museum,  now  exhibiting  in  Egyptian 


Hall,  Piccadilly,  London,  1841,  2  vols.  r.  Svo;  5th   edit. 
1846,  £2  2h. 

"  Mr.  Catlin  is  the  historian  of  the  Red  Races  of  mankind;  of  a 
past  world,  or  at  least  of  a  world  fast  passing  away,  leaving  hardly  ~ 
a  trace  or  wreck  behind.  Eight  years  has  he  devoted  to  this  me- 
morable task,  and  with  his  pen  and  pen<'il  has  brought  the  ex- 
istence of  these  wild  and  uncivilized  beings  so  vividly  beffre  our 
eyes,  that  we  seem  to  have  accompanied  him  in  his  wanderings, 
seen  them,  mixed  with  them,  and  impressed  the  recollection  of 
their  forms  and  features,  their  costumes,  strange  customs,  feasts, 
ceremnnies,  religious  rites,  wars,  dances,  sports,  and  other  modes 
of  lifi'.  distinctly  upnii  our  minds.  And  i1  is  impossible  not  to  be 
led  away  by  liis  di'Vuft-d  fiilbiisi.ism,  ;ind  li-'I,  like  himself,  a  deep 
couci-rn  Ii>r  Ib-'sr  n'ii];iiiiiiig  rliibhrii  nt  tbi-  jiraiiir  and  the  forest, 
the  last  IVagnient  ^tfd}  iiig  nations,  and,  uilh  all  the  errors  of  their 
condition,  a  splendid  variety  of  the  genus  Man." — Lon.  Literary 
Gazette. 

'*  A  unique  work;  a  book  of  extraordinary  interest  and  valun; 
we  need  not  recommend  it  to  the  world,  for  it  is  beyond  all  praise." 
— Lnn.  Atlwnfvum. 

"  One  of  the  most  valuable  books  that  has  appeared  in  the  pre- 
sent centurv.  We  predict  the  greatest  success  for  this  work.'" — 
Lon.  rta)i>t' 

*'  A  laithful  and  well-authenticated  declaration,  not  only  of  a 

most  interesting  portion  of  the  globe,  as  it  at  present  exists,  in  a 

state  of  nature,  but  of  a  race  of  innocent,  unoffending  men  so.. 

rapidly  perishing,  that  too  truly  it  may  be  said  of  them, 

'  Apparent  rari  nantes  iu  gurgite  vasto.' " 

Lrm.  Qiiarterlij  Rtviexv. 

The  North  American  Portfolio  of  Hunting  Scenes,  and 
Amusements  of  the  Rocky  Mountains  and  Prairies  of 
America;  from  Drawings  and  Notes  of  the  Author,  made 
during  Eight  Years'  Travel  amongst  Forty-Eight  of  the 
Wildest  and  most  Remote  Tribes  of  Savages  in  North, 
America,  large  fol. ;  25  plat«s  and  25  pp.  of  letter-press, 
£5  5s. ;  coloured  and  mounted,  Lon.,  1844. 

Notes  of  Eight  Years'  Travel  and  Residence  in  Europe 
with  his  North  American  Collection,  Lun.,  1848, 2  vols.  Svo. 

'•This  amusing  work  contains  anecdotes  and  incidents  of  the 
Travels  and  Adventures  of  three  different  parties  of  American 
Indians  whom  the  author  introduced  to  the  Courts  of  England, 
France,  and  ISelgium."' 

Catlin,  J.  J.,  D.D.,  of  Massachusetts,  d.  1826,  aged 
68.  Compendium  of  the  System  of  Divine  Truth,  2d  edit., 
1825,  12mo. 

Catlow,  Agnes.  Popular  Field  Botany,  Lon.,  1 6mo ; 
3d  edit,  1852. 

"The  plants  are  classed  in  months,  the  illustrations  are  nicely 
coloured,  and  the  book  is  altogether  an  elegant  as  well  as  useful 
present." — lUuslrated  London  News. 

"  We  recommend  Miss  Catlow's  Popular  Botany  to  fevourable 
notice." — Lon.  Gurdevfirs'  Chronictc. 

Popular  British  Entomology,  r.  16mo;  2d  edit.,  1852. 

"■Judiciously  executed,  with  excellent  figures  of  the  common 
species,  for  the  use  of  young  beginners." — Annual  Address  of  the 
President  of  the  Lon.  Entomological  .Societi/. 

"  A  treasure  to  any  one  just  commencing  the  study  of  this  fasci- 
nating science." — Westminst>T  and  Foreign  Quarterly  licview. 

Popular  Scripture  Zoology,  1852,  Svo. 

'^  A  short  and  clear  account  of  the  animals  mentioned  in  the 
Bible." — Lon.  Guardian. 

Popular  Conchology,  1842,  fp.  Svo. 

"An  admirable  little  work." — St.Jamfs^s  Cfironide, 

*'  A  pleasant,  useful,  and  well-illustiated  volume."' — Prof.  JamC' 
soil's  Phih)Soph.  Journal. 

Drops  of  Water,  12mo,  1851. 

''  The  plates  are  scarcely  inferior  to  those  of  the  well-known 
Ehrenberg." — Liverpool  Standard. 

The  Conchologist's  Nomenclature,  by  A.  C,  assisted  by 
Lovell  Reeve,  Svo,  1845.     Brit.  Verteb.  Animals,  1845,  Svo. 

"  Miss  Catlow's  abilities  as  a  naturalist,  and  her  tact  in  popular- 
izing any  subject  she  undertakes,  are  too  well  known  to  need  itera- 
tion on  this  occasion." — L(jn.  Notes  and  Queries. 

Catlyn,  John.  Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1742, '50:  1. 
Transit  of  Mercury  over  the  Disk  of  the  Sun.  2.  Oba,  of 
a  Lunar  Eclipse. 

Caton,T.Wotte,M.D.  Med.  treatises.  1807, '08,'ll, '12. 

Caton,  William.  Moderatns  Inquisitor  resolutus, 
Lon.,  IGfiO,  Svo.     .Journal  of  his  Life,  1689,  4to. 

Cattell,  Joseph.     Sermons,  1711,  '13,  Svo. 

C'attell,  Thomas.     Assize  sermons,  1734,  4to. 

CalternioIe,Kichard, Vicar  of  Little  Marlow,  Bucks. 
Sermons  preached  in  the  District  Church  of  St.  Matthew's, 
Brixt(m,  1832,  Svo. 

"They  set  forth  the  doctrines  of  the  rjospel  simply  and  truly, 
and  they  give  exactly  that  quiet  instruction  on  ordinary  points  of 
divinity  which  we  conceive  to  be  necessary  for  the  Ivind  of  congre- 
gation which  is  always  found  in  or  near  Lon. Ion,  or  great  towns." 
— British  Magasive. 

The  Book  of  the  Cartoons,  Svo. 

"An  elegantly-written  volume." — Lon.  Sprcfat.vr. 

The  Literature  of  the  Church  of  England,  2  vols.  Svo. 
A  work  of  great  value.    The  Sacred  Classics,  30  vols.  12mo. 

"Many  standard  and  useful  treatises." — Bickf.rsteth. 

Illustrated  Hist,  of  the  Great  Civil  War  of  the  Times  of 
Charles  I.  and  Cromwell :  with  29  engravings  from  draw- 
ings by  George  Cattermole,  Lon.,  lh-16,  '52,  2  vols.  Svo. 

355 


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CAV 


"Mr.  Cattermole  knows  well  how  to  cive  force  to  those  stirring  | 
movements  which  were  the  turnin<r  points  in  the  preat  contest;  | 
his  narrative  is  never  prolix,  or  wanting  in  matter,  and  his  style  i 
is  carefully  preserved  from  inflation." — Lou.  M'lrmng  Chronicle. 

Jlr.  George  Cattermole's  abilities  as  an  artist  are  well 
known.  His  Portfolio  of  12  beautiful  drawings  was  issued 
in  184S;   £6  6s. 

Cattley,  Stephen,     Speech  on  Bullion.  ISll,  8vo. 

Catton, Charles,  Jr.   Animals  from  NaturcJTSS,  fol. 

Catty,  Lewis.      Elements  of  Freaeh  Grammar. 

Caudi'y,  Thomas.     The  Accidence,  1006,  4to, 

CaiilfieUl,  D.  D.,  R.  C.  Bishop  of  Wexford.  Reply 
to  Sir  R.  Musgrave,  ISOl,  8vo. 

Caulfield,  J.  The  ^lemoirs  of  Paphos,  or  Triumph 
of  Love:  a  Poem,  Lnn.,  1777,  4to. 

Caulfield,  James.  Portraits,  Memoirs,  and  Charac- 
ters of  ReraarkaV.lc  Persons  temp.  Edw.  III.  to  the  Revo- 
lution, LoD.,  1794,  '9;'»,  2  vols.  4to ;  1S13,  3  vols.  r.  8vo ; 
illustrating  Granger;  from  the  Revolution  1688  to  end  of 
the  reign  of  Geo.  III.,  1819,  '20,  4  vols.  4to ;  temp.  Jas.  I. 
and  Chas.  I.,  1814,  2  vols.  fol.  Hist,  of  the  Gunpowder 
Plot.  1796,  8vo  ;  1804,  Svo.  Chalcographimania  ;  the  Print- 
geller's  Chronicle  and  Collector's  Guide  to  the  Knowledge 
and  Value  of  engraved  British  Portraits,  Lon.,  1814,  Svo. 

"  Notwithstanding  the  playful  vein  of  ironical  sjitire  that  cha- 
racterizes the  ensiling  pages.  I  think  it  expedient  to  acc^uaint  my 
readers  that  the  information  is  not  the  mere  result  of  a  few  months' 
inijuiry,  but  owes  its  foundatinu  to  many  years'  research  into,  and 
connexion  with,  the  Mysteries  of  Chalcograpkian  and  other  Ma- 
nias.'''— Preface. 

Caulkius,  Francis  M,,  born  in  Conn.  Tract  Primer. 
Bible  Primer,  pah.  by  the  Am.  Tract  Soc.  Hist  of  Norwich, 
Conn.,  8ro,  pp.  .358,  1845.  Hist,  of  New  London,  Conn., 
Bvo,  pp.  680,  1852. 

Caundishe,  Richard.  The  Image  of  Nature  and 
Grace  ;  containing  the  whole  course  and  condition  of  Man's 
Estate,  Lon..  1574,  8vo. 

Caunter,  G.  H.  Hand  Book  of  Chemistry.  1840, 12mo. 
Caunter,  Hobart,  of  St.  James's  Chapel,  Lambeth. 
24  Sermons,  1832,  8vo. 

"The  style,  if  not  quite  pure,  is  fluent  and  easy;  the  doctrine 
sound,  and  the  applications  often  forcible  and  striking." — Britisfi 
Mofjazine. 

Bible  with  Explanatory  Notes,  Lon.,  1836,  Svo;  pub.  in 
Nos.  Romance  of  India.  3  vols.  p.  Svo.  Eastern  Legends, 
p.  Svo.  The  Oriental  Annual  was  for  five  years  indebted 
for  its  attractions  to  the  pen  of  Hobart  Caunter,  and  the 
pencil  of  William  Daniel. 

-  Mr.  Caunter's  literary  productions  are  too  well  appreciated  to 
require  comment" 

Caunter,  John  Hobart,  of  Kensington.  London. 
1794-1852.  The  Island  Bride  ;  a  Poem.  Lon.,  p.  Svo.  1830. 
Serms.  1832,  3  vols.  8vo.  The  Poetry  of  the  Pentateuch, 
1839,  2  vols.  Svo.  Serms.  on  the  Lord's  Supper  and  the 
Eight  Beatitudes.  1S49,  Svo.     Other  works. 

Caurvana,  Philippo.  Oration  to  Q.  Mary,  Lon., 
1601,  4to. 

Canty,  W.  Natura,  Philosophica,  et  Ars,  in  concordia, 
Lon..  1772,  Svo. 

Cauvin,  Joseph,  assistant  editor  of  Brande's  Dic- 
tionary of  Science,  Literature,  and  Art,  Lon.,  1842,  Svo. 
(See  Brande.  W.  T.)  New  edit,  of  Lempricre's  Classical 
Dictionary,  abridged  from  Anthon  and  Barker's;  with 
Corrections,  Improvements,  and  Additions,  so  numerous  as 
to  render  it  almost  a  new  work,  Lon.,  1845,  p.  Svo. 

"Throughout  the  whole  work,  the  Kditor.  keeping  in  view  the 
class  of  persons  for  whom  it  is  especially  intended,  has  studiously 
aimed  atdelicnci/  of  language  avd  stntiment." 

Cave,  Edward,  1691-1754,  the  projector  of  The 
Gentleman's  Magazine,  and  foster-father  of  manj'  poor 
authors,  can  claim  a  place  amongst  the  class  whom  he  so 
nobly  befriended.  He  wrote  an  Account  of  Criminals,  and 
was  employed  by  the  Company  of  Stiitioners  to  correct  the 
Gradus  ad  Parnassum.  As  the  founder  of  that  invahialile 
periodical — to  which  this  volume  is  deeply  indebted — The 
Gentleman's  Magazine — he  is  entitled  to  lasting  honour. 
The  first  number  was  issued  in  January,  1731,  and  Johnson, 
writing  in  1754,  (see  his  Life  of  Cave,  in  Gent.  Mag.  for 
February,)  remarks, 

"  It  has  now  subsisted  three  and  twenty  years,  and  still  con- 
tinues equally  to  enjoy  the  fiivour  of  the  world."' 

We,  writing  one  hundred  years  later,  {i.  e.  in  1854,)  can 
repeat  the  latter  clause  of  the  paragraph.  The  whole  series 
to  the  present  time,  about  220  volumes,  (now  at  our  side,) 
should  be  in  the  library  of  ev^ry  student  of  English  lite- 
rature or  political  history.  We  are  glad  to  see  that  the 
present  proprietors  announce  their  intention  of  continuing 
this  work  till  "Time  shall  be  no  longer."  If  the  "Last 
Man"  should  inherit  part,  and  take  the  rest,  of  the  series, 
Ue  will  (to  use  the  bookseller's  phrase)  "need  no  other  Li- 


brary!" It  is  probably  known  to  the  reader,  that  in  tha 
commencement  of  Dr.  Johnson's  literary  career,  he  drew 
his  chief  means  of  support  from  his  contributions  to  the 
Gentleman's  Magazine. 

"  The  Uentlemans  Magazine,  bet;un  and  carried  on  by  Mr.  Ed- 
ward Cave,  under  the  name  of  Sylvanus  Urban,  had  attracted  the 
notioe  and  esteem  of  Johnson,  in  an  eminent  decree,  before  he 
came  to  London  as  an  adventurer  in  literature.  lie  told  me  that 
when  he  first  saw  St.  John's  Gate,  the  place  where  that  deservedly 
popular  miscellany  was  originally  printed,  he  'beheld  it  with 
reverence.' " 

Cave  treated  the  needy  young  author  with  great  kind- 
ness. He  little  thought  that  the  highest  honour  wliich 
would  attach  to  his  name  would  be  the  fact  of  this  then 
obscure  contributor's  becoming  his  biographer.  See  John- 
son's Life  of  Cave,  and  Boswell's  Johnson. 

The  publisher  devoted  himself  to  the  prosperity  of  his 
magazine  with  a  zeal  seldom  equalled : 

"Cave  never  looked  out  of  bis  window  but  with  a  view  to  the 
Gentleman's  Magazine.  ...  lie  used  to  sell  ten  thousand;  yet 
such  was  then  his  minute  attention  and  anxiety  that  the  sale 
should  not  suffer  the  smallest  decrease,  that  he  would  name  a  par- 
ticular person  who  he  heard  had  talked  of  leaving  off  the  Maga- 
zine, and  would  say  'Let  us  have  something  good  nest  month.'" 
^Dr.  Johnson. 

It  is  interesting  in  this  connexion  to  remark,  that  after 
the  death  of  Edward  Cave,  in  1754,  The  Gentleman's  Ma- 
gazine was  continued  by  David  Henry,  Edward  Cave's 
brother-in-law.  and  R.  Cave.  David  Ilenry  was  connected  \ 
with  this  periodical  until  his  death,  in  1792,  having  "  for 
more  than  half  a  century  taken  an  active  part  in  the 
management  of  the  Gentleman's  Magazine.''  In  1778 
John  Nichols — a  name  which  we  never  mention  or  write 
without  emotitms  of  respect  and  affection — obtained  a 
share  in  the  Magazine,  and  rendered  it  more  valuable  than 
at  any  period  of  its  former  history.  Edmund  Burke  en- 
titled it  *■  one  of  the  most  chaste  and  instructive  miscella- 
nies of  the  age  :*' — Dr.  Warton  wrote  to  Nichols — "  under 
your  guidance  it  is  become  one  of  the  most  useful  and  en- 
tertaining miscellanies  I  know  ;" — and  Edward  Gibbon 
urged  him  to  make  a  selection  for  future  reference  from 
its  overflowing  pages.  On  the  death  of  Mr.  Nichols,  in 
1826,  the  magazine  descended  to  his  son — Ihe  surviving 
partner — and  the  last  number,  i.  e.  for  October,  1854,  bears 
the  imprimatur  of  John  Bowyer  Nichols  and  Sons — di- 
rectly under  the  venerable  Gate  of  St.  John's.  It  has 
been  in  one  family  about  fourscore  years;  and  may  the 
Nicholses  "live  a  thousand  years,"  and  issue  the  Gentle- 
man's Magazine  "  punctually  on  the  first  of  every  month  !" 
AVe  need  not  apologize  for  tins  scrap  of  literary  genea- 
logy. They  who  are  wise,  and  yet  lack  the  Gentleman's 
Magazine,  will  forthwith  procure  the  whole  series  ah  initio, 
if  they  can — and  if  not,  they  will  procure  what  they  can 
of  the  back  volumes,  and  commence  their  subscriptions 
with  the  next  number.     See  Nichols,  John. 

Cave,  Henry.  AntiquitiesofYork,  Lon.,  ISIS,  imp.  foL 
Cave,  Jane.  Poems  on  various  subjects.Brist.,1725,Svo. 
Cave,  John.     Sermous,  1679,  '81,  'S2,  '85. 
Cave,   Lisle.      Against  the   Feare  of  Death,  Lon., 
1587,  lOmo. 

Cave,  William,  D.D.,  1637-1713,  a  divine  of  great 
learning,  was  a  native  of  Pickwell,  Leicestershire;  ad- 
mitted into  St.  John's  College.  1653;  B.A.,  1656;  M.A., 
1600;  D.D.,  1672:  Vicar  of  Islington.  1662;  Rector  of 
Allhallows  the  Great,  London,  1679;  Canon  of  "Windsor, 
1684;  Vicar  of  Isleworth,  1690.  Primitive  Christianity, 
or  the  Religion  of  the  Ancient  Christians,  in  3  parts,  Lon., 
1672,  '73,  '75.  '82,  1702,  '14.  Svo:  1677.  2  vols.  fol.  Ta- 
buhe  Ecclesiastics,  Lon.,  1674.  Svo;  Hamb.,  1676.  The 
Hamburg  edit,  w.ns  pub.  without  his  knowledge.  Anti- 
quitates  Apostolical;  or  the  History  of  Christ,  the  Apos- 
tles, and  St.  Mark  and  St.  Luke;  being  a  continuation  of 
Jeremy  Taylor's  Life  of  Christ,  Lon.,  1675,  '76,  '77,  fob; 
new  edit.,  carefully  revised  by  Henry  Cary,  Oxf.,  1840,  Svo. 
''Dr.  Cave's  work  requires  to  Ije  consulted  by  all  men  of  ecclesi- 
astical views." 

Serious  Exhortation  relative  to  Dissent.  Lon.,  1685,  '96, 
fob  Apostolici :  or  the  Lives,  Acts,  Deaths,  and  Martyr- 
doms of  those  who  were  contemporary  with,  or  immedi- 
ately succeeded,  the  Apostles,*  also  of  the  most  eminent 
of  the  Primitive  Fathers  for  the  first  Three  Hundred 
Years.  To  which  is  added  A  Chronology  of  the  first  three 
Ages  of  the  Church,  1677.  '82.  1716.  kc,  fol. 

"  If  you  will  read  ('ave'.s  Lives  of  the  Fathers,  you  may  be 
tempted,  by  his  faithful  account  of  their  lives  and  their  works,  to 
search  farther  into  those  valuable  remains  of  antiquity." — 
Knowi.es. 

In  1732  (Lon.,  4to)  was  pub.  The  Lives  of  the  Fathers 
of  the  Primitive  Church,  chiefly  collected  from  the  writ- 
ings of  Dr.  Cave.     Sermon,  1680,  4to.     Ecclesiastica;  or 


CAT 


CAV 


the  History  of  the  Lives,  Acts,  Deaths,  and  Writings  of 
the  must  eminent  Fathers  of  the  Church  that  flourished  in 
the  4th  century  ;  wherein,  among  other  things,  an  Account 
is  given  ut'  the  Rise,  Growth,  and  Progress  of  Arianism 
and  all  uthcr  ^eets  of  that  age,  dej^cending  from  it.     To- 
gether with  an  Introduction,  containing  an  Historical  Ac- 
count of  the  State  of  Paganism  under  the  iirst  Christian 
Emperor,  Lon.,  IHS.'J,  fol.     The  Apostuliei  (1677)  and  the 
Ecclesiastici  (1683)  have  been  recently  republished  (Oxf., 
1840,  3  vols.  8vu)  by  Kev.  Hfnry  Cary,  under  the  title  of 
Lives  of  the  must  eminent  Fathers  of  the  Church  that 
flourished  in  the  first  four  centuries,  &c.     A  Dissertation 
concerning  the  Government  of   the   Ancient   Church  of 
Bishops,  Metropolitans,  and  Patriarchs,  more  particularly  ' 
concerning  the  Bishop  of  Rome,  and  the  encroachments 
of  that  upon  other  Sees,  especially  the  See  of  Constant!-  i 
nople,  16S3,  8vo.     Discourse  of  the  Unity  of  the  Catholic  ! 
Church  maintained  in  the  Church  of  England,  1684,  4to.  I 
Chartophylax  Ecclcsiasticus,   16S5,  Svo.      Sermon,  1685,  , 
4to.      Scriptorum    Ecclesiasticorum   Historia   Literaria  a  | 
Christo  nato  usque  ad  saeculum  XIV.,  cum  Appendice,  ab  I 
alia  manu  ab  iuuenle  sa^culo  XIV.,  ad  annum  usque  1617,  ! 
Lon.,  1688,  2  vols.  fol.     Ejusdem  pars  altera  accedit  ad 
linem  eujusvis  saiculi,  Lon.,  1098,  fol.      Col.  Allob.,  1720, 
fol. J  reprinted,  with  many  additions  and  alterations,  by 
the  author,  Oxf.,  1740-43,  2  vols.  fol.     Henry  Wharton  as- 
sisted in  this  work,  and  a  controversy  was  thereby  elicited, 
(»'.  n.  in  Chalmers's  Biog.  Diet.) 

Bishop  Watson  observes  that  Casimiri  Oudini  Commen- 
tarius  de  Scriptoribus  Ecclesite,  &c.,  Leipsic,  1722,  3  vols, 
fol.,  is  a  kind  of  supplement  to  Cave's  Historia  Literaria, 
and  other  works  of  the  same  kind. 

"  Dr.  Ciives  other  works  are  idl  iuferinr  to  this,  which  is  his  capi- 
tal perf-iruiiiuce.  It  discovers  great  reiidinp;.  research,  and  accu- 
racy. It  contjiins  much  iuiprirUint  infoiuiation,  in  comparatively 
little  room.  It  is  hij^hly  praised  by  \\  ali'h.  and  was  reprinted  at 
Geneva  in  1705  and  17*20.  It  occasiont'd  a  controversy  with  Le 
Clerc,  [Epistola  Apolo^ietica,  Ac,  1700,  8vo.]  which  produced  the 
correction  of  Several  mistakes  iu  the  first  edition.  On  this  account 
the  latter  edilions  are  the  best." — Orme's  Bihl.  Bib. 

Cavendish,  Charles,  Lord.     His  Case,  1759,  fol. 

Cavendish,  George,  of  Glemsford.  The  Xegotia- 
tions  of  AVoolsey,  the  Great  Cardinall  of  England,  &,c. 
Composed  by  one  of  his  owne  servants,  being  his  Gentle- 
man-Usher, Lon..  1641;  reprinted  as  The  Life  and  Death 
of  Thomas  Woolsey  in  1667,  12mo,  and  1700,  Svo,  and  in 
the  Ilarleian  Miscellany.  This  version  is  incorrect.  A 
faithful  transcript  from  MSS.  was  pub.  by  Dr.  Wordsworth 
in  his  Ecclesiastical  Biography,  ISIO,  6  vols.  8vo ;  4th 
edit.,  1839,  enlarged.  See  Cavendish's  Life  of  Woolsey 
in  this  collection.  This  biography  was  formerly  attributed 
to  Sir  William  Cavendish,  the  founder  of  the  House  of 
Devonshire.  Tbat  his  brother  George  was  really  the  au- 
thor, is  satisfactorily  proved  by  the  Rev.  Joseph  Hunter, 
of  Bath,  iu  his  pamphlet  Who  wrote  Cavendish's  Life  of 
Woolsey?  1814,  8vo.  100  copies  printed.  It  was  re- 
printed in  Cavendish's  Life,  with  notes  and  illustrations, 
edited  by  Mr.  Singer,  1827,  8vo. 

"  All  the  memorials  of  such  a  man  are,  of  course,  worthy  of 
being  preserved,  and  in  achieving  this  object.  Mr.  Singer  is  entitled 
to  our  praise  and  gratitude.'" — Lon.  Critical  Gazette. 

"  The  pen  of  Cavendish  is  a  lively  and  a  ready  one,  and  all  that 
came  under  his  own  observation  he  describes  with  fidelity  and  ac- 
curacy. His  style  has  the  unstudied  graces  of  a  man  writing  in 
e;irnest:  and  when  it  rises,  as  it  frequently  does,  in  denouncing 
the  blind  caprices  of  chance,  the  degeneracy  of  the  times,  or  the 
neglect  of  obscure  worth,  it  often  possesses  a  dignity  and  impres- 
sive eloquence  which  marks  a  lofty  and  intellectual  spirit.  .  .  . 
But  what  adds  to  the  value  of  this  production  is,  that  there  is  no- 
where a  more  vivid  or  striking  representation  of  the  manners  of 
that  distant  age."  See  this  excellent  article  in  the  Lon.  Retro- 
spective Review,  v.  1,  1822. 

"There  is  a  sincere  and  impartial  adherence  to  truth,  a  reality 
in  Cavendish's  narrative,  which  bespeaks  the  confidence  of  his 
readers,  and  very  much  increases  his  pleasure."  See  Singer's 
Metrical  Visions,  by  Cavendish. 

Cavendish,  Georgiana,  Duchess  of  Devonshire. 
The  Passage  of  the  Mountain  of  St.  Gothard,  Lon.,  1802, 
Svo. 

Cavendish,  Hon,  Henry,  1730-1810,  younger  son 
of  Lord  Charles  Cavendish,  and  grandson  of  the  Duke  of 
Devonshire,  was  a  chemist  of  great  eminence.  He  lived 
a  secluded  life,  engaged  in  his  experiments,  never  married, 
and  left  a  million  pounds  sterling  to  his  heirs.  The  results 
of  manv  of  his  experiments  will  be  found  in  the  Phil. 
Trans.,  'l766,  '69,  '71,  '7G,  'S3,  '90,  '92,  '98,  1809.  Caven- 
dish ranks  among  the  first  of  chemical  philosophers.  But 
this  is  a  subject  upon  which  the  learned  may  claim  to 
speak : 

"  Cavendish  est  un  des  savants  qui  ont  le  plus  contribue  aux 
progr^s  de  la  chiniie  moderne.  C*est  lui  qui.  le  premier,  analysa 
les  proprietes  particuli6res  du  gaz  hydrog^ne,  et  assigna  les  carac- 


tdres  qui  distinguent  ce  gaz  de  I'air  atmosphfrique.  C'est  k  lul 
que  Ton  di^it  la  fameuse  decouverte  do  la  composition  de  I'eau, 
.  .  .  Cavendish  ne  s'est  pas  moins  distingue  dans  la  physique  en 
y  portant  la  meuie  esprit  d'exactitudo.  II  etait  aussi  ti^s  vers6 
dans  la  haute  geometrie,  et  il  en  a  lait  une  determination  de  la 
densite  moyenne  de  notre  globe." — BiOT.  Voyez  Biographie  Uni- 
verselle. 

"  Mr.  Cavendish  was  a  profound  mathematician,  electrician,  and 
chemist.  Dr.  lilack,  who  had  discovered  carbonic  acid,  laid  the 
foundation  of  pneumatic  chemistry.  Cavendish  is  usually  said  to 
have  discovered  hydrogen,  (although  it  was  prepared  by  Mayow, 
Boyle,  and  Hales,  long  anteriorly.)  and  placed  the  second  stone  on 
the  great  superstructure  which  was  afterwards  to  be  raised  by 
Priestley  and  others.  That  common  air  consisted  of  oxygen  and 
nitrogen  was  known;  but  Cavendish  demonstrated  (1783)  that  it 
consisted  of  a  volume  of  20-8ii3  oxygen,  and  79'16ti  nitiogen — a 
result  which  has  been  thoroughly  confirmed  by  subsequent  e.\- 
perinients.  lie  likewise  demonstrated  the  exact  constitution  of 
water,  although  it  is  confidently  affiimed  that  James  Watt  at  the 
same  time  knew  its  composition,  and  that  his  views  were  known 
to  Cavendish.  Cavendish  likewise  showed  that  nitric  acid  is  com- 
posed of  nitrogen  and  oxygen — Priestley  having  previously  found 
that  electric  sparks,  when  passed  through  air,  turned  litmus  red, 
Cavendish  added  potash  to  the  solution  evaporated,  and  obtained 
nitre.  While  there  is  scarcely  any  doubt  that  there  has  been  a 
tendency  to  overrate  Cavendish  at  the  expense  of  others,  he  must 
be  always  ranked  as  one  of  the  first  of  English  Chemists,  who  has, 
by  the  accuracy  of  his  experiments,  ;^ssi^tl•d  in  laying  the  sure 
foundation  of  the  science." — Kobt.  Di;niias  Tiinm.soN,  M.D-,  F.R.S., 
I^nifessor  of  Ciiemistry,  St.  2'homas''s  Htnpital  College^  London.  See 
Rich's  Cyc.  of  Biog.,  1854. 

The  following  opinion  of  an  eminent  authority  and  un- 
exceptionable judge  in  the  premises  must  not  be  omitted: 

"Cavendish  was  possessed  of  a  minute  knowledge  of  most  of  the 
departments  of  Natural  Philosophy;  he  carried  into  his  chemical 
researches  a  delicacy  and  precision  which  have  never  been  ex- 
ceeded; possessing  depth  and  extent  of  mathematical  knowledge, 
he  reasoned  with  the  caution  of  a  geometer  upon  the  results  of 
his  experiments;  and  it  may  be  said  of  him.  what  perhaps  can  be 
scarcely  said  of  any  other  person,  that  whatever  he  accomplished 
was  perfect  at  the  moment  of  its  production.  His  processes  were 
all  of  a  finished  nature;  executed  by  the  hand  of  a  master,  they 
required  no  correction;  the  accuracy  and  beauty  of  his  earliest 
labours  have  remained  unimpaired  amidst  the  progress  of  dis- 
covery, and  their  merits  have  been  illustrated  by  discussion,  and 
exalted  by  lime.'" — Sir  Hi  ^ipiikv  Daw  :   Clifmical  Philosopliy. 

Cavendish,  Marsraret,  Duchess  of  Newcastle,  d. 
1673,  was  as  fond  of  authorship  as  her  noble  lord  proved 
himself  to  be.  Lord  Orford  speaks  disparagingly  of  her 
ladyship's  talents,  but  it  is  well  known  tbat  Horace  Wal- 
pole  spared  no  man  (or  woman)  in  his  humour.  Philo- 
sophical Fancies.  Lon.,  165."i,  12mo.  Poems  and  Fancies, 
1653,  fol.  The  World's  Olio,  1055.  fol.  Nature's  Picture 
drawn  by  Fancie's  Pencil,  to  the  Life,  16d6,  fol.  Pliilo- 
sophical  and  Physical  Opinions,  lGo5,  fol.  Orations,  1662, 
fol.  Pluyes,  1662,  fol.  She  wrote  26  Phnys,  and  a  num- 
ber of  Scenes.  Sociable  Letters,  1664,  fol.  Observations 
upon  Experimental  Philosophy,  1666,  fol.  Life  of  Wil- 
liam Cavendish,  Duke  of  Newcastle,  1667,  fol.  The  same  in 
Latin,  1668,  fol. ; — ''  The  Crown  v(  her  Labours."  Grounds 
of  Natural  Philosophy,  160S,  fol.  Letters  and  Poems, 
1676,  fol.  Select  Poems,  edited  by  Sir  E.  Brydges,  181.3, 
Svo.  Her  autobiography,  edited  by  Brydges,  1S14,  r.  8^'o, 
In  one  of  her  last  productions,  her  ladyship,  with  corfi- 
mendable  frankness,  avows  a  most  ungovernable  cacoethea 
scribendi : 

"  I  imagine  all  those  who  have  read  my  former  hooks  will  say 
I  have  writ  enough,  unless  they  were  bett^-r;  but  say  what  you 
will,  it  pleaseth  me,  and  since  my  delights  are  harmless,  /  will 
salis/i/  vMj  hummiT : 

'•  For  had  my  brain  as  many  fancies  in't 
To  fill  the  world.  I'd  put  them  all  in  print; 
No  matter  whether  they  be  well  or  ill  exprest. 
My  will  is  done,  and  that  pleases  woman  best." 

"  A  lady  worthy  the  Mention  and  Esteem  of  all  Lovers  of  Poetry 
and  Learning.  One  who  was  a  fit  Consort  for  so  Great  a  Wit  as 
the  Duke  of  Newcastle.  Her  Soul  sympathizing  with  his  in  all 
things,  espfi'ially  iu  Dramatick  Poetry;  to  which  she  had  a  more 
than  Mnlinary  propensity." — Langbaine's  Dramatick  Poets,  1691. 

"  A  tiiiil.-  pidant,  with  an  unbounded  passion  for  scribbling." 
■ — lIoRAct:  Walpole.     See  R.  &  N.  Authors. 

"  She  makes  each  place  where  .she  comes  a  Library." — Flecknoe. 

"She  was  the  most  voluminous  writer  of  all  the  female  poets, 
and  had  a  great  deal  of  wit." — .Iacobs. 

*•  We  are  greatly  surprised  that  a  lady  of  her  quality  should 
have  written  .so  much,  and  are  less  surprised  that  one  who  loved 
writing  so  well  has  written  no  better." — Gr.\nger. 

"  Her  person  was  very  graceful.  She  was  most  indefatigable  in 
her  studies,  contemplations,  and  writings ;  was  truly  pious,  chari- 
table, and  generous,  and  a  perfect  pattern  of  conjugal  love  and 
duty." — Ballard. 

Cavendish,  Sir  Thomas,  1564-1592,  a  native  of 
Suffolk,  was  the  second  English  circumnavigator  of  the 
globe.  Voyage  to  Magellanica  in  1586  j  see  Callander's 
Voyages  i.  424  ;  1776. 

Cavendish,  William,  Duke  of  Newcastle,  1592- 
1676,  husband  of  Mahgaret,  DrrnESS  of  Newcastle, 
(q.  V.)  was  a  zealous  champion  of  Charles  L,  and  fought 
valiantly  on  his  side.     La  M^thodo  uouvclle  de  dresser 

367 


CAV 

les  Chevaux,  ic,  avec  Figures;  or  the  new  Method  of  \ 
mannging  Horses;  with  Cuts,  Aiitw]).,  ]t;oS,  foL.  first 
written  in  English,  and  trans,  into  French  by  a  "VValloun. 
A  new  Method  and  Extraordinary  Invention  to  dross 
Horses,  Lon.,  1667,  foh  Five  Comedies,  16liS,  4to.  The 
Triumphant  Widow,  1677,  4to.  System  of  Horsemanship 
in  all  its  Branches,  1743,  2  vols.  fol.  Other  compositions ; 
verses,  songs,  Ac.  Hora:  Subseciva>,  162U,  8vo,  has  been 
attributed  both  to  Lord  Cavendish  and  Lord  Chandos. 

"  The  greatest  master  of  wit.  the  most  exact  observer  of  man- 
Uind,  and  the  most  accurate  judge  of  humour  I  ever  knew."— 
SuADWELL.  ,    ,_  ,      ^     J  . 

"  Since  the  time  of  Augustus,  no  person  better  understood  dra- 
matic poetry,  nor  more  generously  encouraged  poets;  so  that  we 
may  truly  call  him  our  Knglish  Mseceuas."— iu/ijliume  s  V-rama- 

'■  This  noble  personage  was.  from  his  earliest  youth,  celebrated 
for  his  love  of  the  Muses,  and  had  a  true  taste  for  the  liberal  arts." 
— Bwg.  Dratnat.  , 

"  Nothing  could  have  tempted  him  out  of  those  paths  of  plea- 
sure which  he  enjoyed  in  a  full  and  ample  fortune  [which  he  sa- 
crificed by  his  loyalty,  and  lived  for  a  time  in  extreme  poverty] 
but  honour  and  ambition  to  serve  the  king  when  he  saw  hmi  in 
distress,  and  abandoned  by  most  of  those  who  were  in  the  highest 
decree  obliged  to  him."— Earl  of  Clarendon. 
°  "But  now  behold  a  nobleman  indeed. 

Such  as  a  w'  admire  in  story  when  we  read." — Flecknoe. 
"  One  of  the  most  finished  gentlemen,  as  well  as  the  most  dis- 
tinguished patriot,  general,  and  statesman  of  his  age."— Cibeer. 

Cavendish,  VVilliam,  first  Duke  of  Devonshire, 
1640-1707,  a  distinguished  statesm.an,  also  cl.aims  place 
as  an  author.  Speeches,  1680,  '81.  An  Allusion  to  the 
Bishop  of  Camhray'3  Supplement  to  Homer  ;  a  Poem.  An 
Ode  on  the  Death  of  Queen  Mary.  Some  Fragments  on 
the  Peerage.  Most  of  his  writings  were  printed  in  an  Ap- 
pendix to  the  Memoirs  of  the  Cavendishes  by  Dr.  Kennelt. 
This  Is  the  nobleman  who  was  fined  £.30,000  (declared 
illegal  by  the  House  of  Lords,  and  not  exacted)  for  taking 
Colonel  Culpepper  by  the  nose,  before  the  king,  leading 
him  into  an  antechamber,  and  caning  him. 

'•  He  was  the  finest  and  handsomest  gentleman  of  his  time.  — 

Mackat;  a  crmicmporari/.  ,      ,     it    ,         ■  a 

"  His  gr.ace  was  a  poet,  not  by  genms  only,  but  by  learnnig  and 

judgment ;  whence  Lord  Rosco'mmon  made  him  a  constant  reviser 

of  his  poetical  productions."— CoUins's  Parogi. 

Dryden  is  said  to  have  preferred  his  grace's  Ode  on  the 
Death  of  Queen  Mary  to  any  one  ever  written  on  the  same 
occasion. 

"  lie  was  the  friend  and  companion,  and  at  the  same  tmie  tne 
equal  of  Ormond,  Dorset,  Koscommon.  and  .all  the  noble  orn.a- 
ments  of  that  reign  of  wit  in  which  he  passed  his  youth."— Dr. 
Campbell.  „    _, 

"  A  patriot  among  the  men,  a  gallant  among  the  ladies.  — HO- 
EiCE  Walpole:  vidt  R.  4  N.  Authors. 

Caverhill,  John,  M.D.,  Royal  College  of  Physicians, 
London.     Explanation  of  the  70  Weeks  of  Daniel,  &c., 

Lon.,  1777,  8vo.  ,..  .   , 

"  Dr.  Caverhill  has  certainly  studied  the  subject  on  which  he 
has  written  with  great  care,  and  brought  a  considerable  portion 
of  iearDing  to  bear  upon  it."— Oi-me's  £iW.  Si6.  _ 

The  Gout,  1769,  Svo.  Other  profes.  treatises,  17b7, 
'70,  '72. 

Caverley,  Sir  H.     Remarks  in  his  Travels,  1683,  fol 
Caveton,  Pet.     Junhrigalia. 
Cavii,  Guel.     Tidr  Cate. 

Caw, George.  Poetical  Museum,  Hawick,  1784, 18mo. 
"  Many  of  the  border  ballads,  afterwards  published  by  Sir  Wab 
ter  Scott  in  the  Minstrelsy  of  the  Scottish  Border,  first  appeared 
in  this  collection." — Lowndes. 

Cawdray,or  Cawdry,Rol»ert.  Treasurie  or  Store- 
House  of  Similes,  Lon.,  1600,  4to,  dedicated  to  Sir  John 
Harrington,  &c.  Of  the  Profit  and  Necessity  of  Catechis- 
ing, Lo'n.,  1592,  8vo. 

Cawdrey,  or  Cawdry,  Daniel,  d.  1664,  a  Noncon- 
formist divine,  ejected  from  his  living  in  Northampton- 
shire. The  Good  Man  a  Public  Good,  Lon.,  1643,  4to. 
Other  theological  treatises,  1624-61. 

Cawdrey,  Zacharias.  1.  Patronage.  2.  Sermon, 
1675,  '84,  4(0.  „         „   ,  .      , 

Cawdwell,  Thomas.  A  Defence  of  an  Ordained 
Ministry,  against  the  Brnwnists,  Lon.,  1724,  4to. 

Cawley,  J.  The  Nature  and  Kinds  of  Simony  dis- 
cussed, Lon..  1689,  4to. 

Laws  concerning  Jesuits,   &c., 


1.  Navigation.     2.  Fishery  and 


Cawley,  William. 

16S0,  fol. 

Cawood,  Francis. 

Manufactures,  1710,  '13. 

Cawood,  John,  of  St.  Edmund's  Hall,  Oxford,  Per- 
petual Curate  of  Bewdlcy,  Worcestershire.     The  Church 
of  England  and  Dissent;  '2d  edit.,  Lon.,  1831,  12mo, 
mons,  1S42,  2  vols.  Svo. 

"  Forcible,  impressive,  and  evangelical."— Bickersteth. 

Cawte,  R.     Academic  Lessons,  1786,  8vo. 
358 


Ser- 


CAX 

Cawthorn,  James,  1719-1761,  an  English  divine 
anU-i.uet.  was  matriculated  at  Clare  Hall,  Cambridge,  in 
1758.  The  Perjured  Lover,  1736.  Abelard  to  Eloisa,  1746. 
Sermons,  1745,  '48.     An  edit,  of  his  poems  was  pub.  in 

1771,  Svo. 

■■As  a  poet  he  displays  considerable  variety  of  power,  but  pei^ 
baps  he  is  rather  to  be  placed  among  the  ethical  versifiers,  than 
ranked  with  those  who  have  attempted  with  success  the  higher 
tiiu'hts  of  genius.  As  an  imitator  of  Pope,  he  is  superior  to  most 
of  "those  who  have  fi'imcd  themselves  in  that  school." 

Cawton,  Thomas,  1605-1659,  a  learned  Puritan 
divine,  a  native  of  Norfolk,  England,  studied  at  Queen's 
College,  Cambridge.  He  was  skilled  in  Oriental  learning, 
and  assisted  Brian  Walton  in  the  Polyglot  Bible,  and 
Castell  in  the  Polyglot  Lexicon.  Serm.,  1662.  His  Life, 
by  his  son,  and  Serm.  by  the  father,  1664,  '75,  Svo. 

Cawton,  Thomas,'  1637-1677,  son  of  the  above,  also 
a  learned  Orientalist,  studied  at  Merton  College,  Oxford, 
at  Rotterdam,  and  Utrecht.  Disputatio  de  Versione  Sy- 
riaca  Vet.  et  Novi  Tcstamenti,  Ultraj.,  1657,  4to.  Disser- 
tatio  de  usu  Linguie  Hebraica;  in  Philosophia  Theoretica, 

Ibid.,  1657,  4to.  ,     „    ,^      V      » 

"Th-it  on  the  Syriac  Scriptures  is  more  valuable,  though  not 
more  curious,  than  the  one  on  the  Hebrew  language.  He  discusses 
the  Syriac  version  both  of  the  Old  and  New  Testaments.  .  .  . 
Leusden  speaks  in  the  highest  terms  of  the  author's  diligence, 
learning,  and  extensive  acquaintance  with  the  Hebrew  and  its 
cognate  dialects.  Chaldaic.  Svriac,  and  Arabic.  It  is  gratifying  to 
perceive,  that  these  branches  of  biblical  literature  are  again  reviv- 
ing in  both  parts  of  the  island." — Orvie^s  Bihl.  Bib. 

Wood  acknowledges  that  Hurst's  eulogy  on  Cawton  was 

well  deserved.  ,    „,    , , 

Caxton,William,1412?-1492,  a  native  of  the  Weald 
of  Kent,  is  entitled  to  the  lasting  gratitude  of  posterity  as 
the  introducer  of  the  art  of  printing  into  England.  At 
the  age  of  15  he  was  apprenticed  to  a  mercer  in  London, 
Robert  Large,  created  Lord  Mayor  in  1439,  who,  on  his 
death  in  1441,  left  his  apprentice  the  handsome  legacy  of 
34  marks.  Caxton  left  home  for  the  Continent  in  1442, 
acting  according  to  most  authorities  as  commercial  agent 
for  the  Mercers'  Company  of  London.  Mr.  Oldys  remarks : 
■•It  is  agreed  on  by  those  writers  who  have  best  acquainted 
themselves^with  his  story,  he  was  deputed  and  intrusted  by  the 
Mercers'  Company  to  be  their  agent  or  factor  in  Holland,  Zealand, 
Flanders,  ic,  to  establish  and  enlarge  their  correspondence,  nego- 
elate  the  consumption  of  our  own,  and  importation  of  foreign, 
manufactures,  and  otherwise  promote  the  advantage  of  the  said 
corporation  in  their  respective  merchandise."  Vide  Caxioh  in 
Biog.  Brit. 

Upon  this  Mr.  Knight  comments  : 

'■  This  indeed  is  a  goodly  commission,  if  we  can  make  out  that 
he  received  such.  .  .  .  The  real  fact  is,  that  for  twenty  of  those 
years  in  which  Caxton  describes  himself  as  residing  in  the  coun- 
tries of  Brabant.  Holland,  and  Zealand,  there  was  an  absolute 
prohibition  on  both  sides  of  all  commercial  intercourse  between 
England  and  the  Duchy  of  Burgundy,  to  which  these  countries 
were  subject;  and  for  nearly  the  whole  period,  no  tnglish  goods 
were  suffered  to  pass  to  the  continent  except  through  the  town  of 
Calais,  and  ■  in  France,'  says  Caxton,  'I  was  never.'" — Kmght's 
Life  of  aixton.  Lon.,  1S44,  32nio. 

In  1464  Edward  the  Fourth  appointed  Richard  White- 
hill  and  William  Caxton,  still  abroad,  to  be  his  ambassa- 
dors and  deputies  to  the  Duke  of  Burgundy,  for  the  ■"  pur- 
pose of  confirming  an  existing  treaty  of  commerce,  or,  if 
necessary,  for  making  a  new  one."  In  1466  a  treaty  was 
concluded,  by  which  the  commercial  relations  between  the 
two  countries,  which  h.ad  been  interrupted  for  twenty  years, 
were  restored.  Margaret,  sister  of  Edward  IV.  of  Eng- 
land, was  married  to  Charles,  Duke  of  Burgundy,  in  1468 
at  Bruges,  and  Caxton,  who  was  then  residing  in  this  city, 
received  an  appointment — it  is  not  known  in  what  capa- 
city  in  the  court  of  the  duchess.     He  became  a  great 

favourite  with  this  noble  lady,  and  in  the  course  of  con- 
versation she  elicited  from  Caxton  an  acknowledgment 
that  "  having  no  great  charge  or  occupation,"  ho  had  be- 
fore her  grace's  arrival  commenced  the  translation  from 
French  into  English  of  the  "  Recuyell  of  the  Historyes  of 
Xroye" — (by  Raonl  Ic  Fcvre)  "for  to  pass  therewith  the 
time."  Discouraged  with  the  difficulties  attendant  upon  his 
task,  ho  had  abiindoned  it ;  hut  his  noble  mistress  made 
him  go  for  his  "  five  or  six  cjuires,"  and  submit  them  to 
her  inspection,  and  then  "commanded  me  straightly  to 
continue,  and  make  an  end  of  the  residue  then  not  trans- 
lated. Whoso  dreadful  commandment  I  durst  in  no  wise 
disobey." 

"  The  translation  was  begun  in  Bruges,  the  1st  of  Marche, 
in  the  yere  1468,  continued  in  Gaunt,  and  finished  in  Colon, 
the  19th  of  September,  1471."  He  then  •'deliberated  in 
himself  to  take  the  labour  in  hand  of  printing  it  together 
with  the  third  book  of  the  Destruction  of  Troye,  trans- 
lated of  late  by  John  Lydgate,  a  monk  of  Buryc,  in  Eng- 
lish  ritual." 


CAX 

The  book  was  printed;  but  being  tine  anno  et  Inco,  the 
place  has  been  a  matter  of  dispute.  Perhaps  there  is 
little  risk  of  error  in  assigning  Cologne  as  the  city  where, 
and  1476  as  the  year  in  which,  this  first  book  in  the  Eng- 
lish language  saw  the  light.  It  has  been  agreed  by  many 
aathoritles  that  Caxton  had  previously  printed  in  the  Low 
Countries  the  original  Recueil  des  Histoires  de  Troye,  (in 
1467.)  and  a  Latin  Speech  by  Russell,  ambassador  of  Ed- 
ward IV.  to  Charles  of  Burgundy,  (in  1469.)  Mr.  Knight 
joins  issue  with  Dibdin,  Bryant,  HalLam,  and  others  upon 
this  point,  and  to  their  works  we  must  refer  the  curious 
reader.  Ca.xton  is  supposed  to  have  returned  to  England 
about  1474,  this  being  the  date  of  the  Game  and  Play  of 
the  Chess,  which  is  presumed  to  be  the  first  book  ever 
printed  in  England.  Authorities,  however,  are  much  at 
variance  in  this  matter.  Raoul  le  Fevre's  Recueil  des 
Histoires  de  Troye  in  the  French,  is  by  some  presumed  to 
be  Caxton's  first  issue  in  England.  Some  of  his  earliest 
impressions  are  without  date.  We  have  .already  referred 
to  the  bold  assertion  of  Richard  Atkyns,  that  Frederick 
Corsellis  had  published  a  book  in  England  in  146S.  (  Vide 
Atky.s-s,  Rica.iRn.)  We  need  not  linger  upon  a  story 
the  details  of  which  never  obtained  much  credence.  We 
now  behold  the  father  of  English  printing  installed  in  his 
printing-office  in  Westminster  Abbey,  and  assiduously  la- 
bouring to  extend  the  benefits  of  the  new  invention  to  his 
grateful  countrymen.  He  was  one  of  the  most  industrious 
and  indefatigable  of  men,  and  literally  "  died  in  the  har- 
ness," for  (although  he  printed  nothing  after  1490)  it  is 
believed  that  he  spent  some  hours  of  the  last  day  of  his 
life  in  translating  for  the  press  Vita  Putrum,  or  "  The  righte 
devout  and  solitairye  lyfe  of  the  anciente  or  olde  holy 
faders,  hermytes,  dwellinge  in  the  deserts."  He  left  this 
world  in  May  or  June,  1492,  after  having  zealously  served 
his  generation. 

"  Exclusively  of  the  labours  attached  to  the  workinR  of  his  press 
as  a  new  art,  our  typor^rapher  contrived,  though  wet!  stricken  in 
years,  to  trauslate  not  fewer  than  live  thousand  closely  piinti-d 
folio  pages.  As  a  translator,  therefore,  he  ranks  among  the  most 
laborious,  and,  I  would  hope,  not  the  least  successful,  of  his  tribe. 
The  foregoing  conclusion  is  the  result  of  a  careful  enumeration  of 
all  the  books  translated  as  well  as  printed  by  him;  which,  [the 
translated  books,]  if  published  in  the  modern  fashion,  wouJd  ex- 
tend to  nearly  twenty-five  oct.avo  volumes!" — Diljdiii'sTypographi- 
col  Antiqmtirs.  q.  v.  See  Biog.  Brit.;  Knight's  Life  of  Caxton; 
Life  of  Caxton.  pub.  by  Poc.  for  the  Diffusion  of  Useful  Knowledge. 
All  of  Caxton's  impressions  are  now  very  valuable.  A 
copy  of  his  first  book,  and  the  first  printed  in  English, 
which  had  belonged  to  Elizabeth  6rcy,  Queen  of  Edward 
IV.,  produced  in  the  Roxburghe  sale,  (6:).i0,)  £1060  18». 
This  is  of  course  no  criterion  of  the  value  of  ordinary 
copies  ;  but  an  imperfect  one  of  the  same  work  brought  at 
the  Lloyd  sale,  (1469.)  £126,  and  a  copy  of  the  Chronycles 
of  Englond  was  sold  by  Leigh  and  Solheby  in  1S15  for 
£105.  The  number  of  books  printed  by  Caxton  was  sixty- 
four,  and  we  cannot  add  any  thing  of  more  value  to  this 
article  than  a  list  of  the  whole,  extracted  from  Dibdin's 
Typographical  Antiquities,  Lon.,  1810-19,  4  vols.  4to. 
Alphabetical  List  of  the  Books  printed  by  Caxton.  with 
their  supposed  DEGREES  OF  R.^RITY  :   the  number  6  beinff 

the  hhhest  degree: 

Date.    Deg.  of  Rarity. 

Accidence No  date 6 

jEsop I'lS-l 0 

Arthur.  Histories  of 1485 6 

Ballad,  Fragment  of No  date 6 

Blanchardin  AND  Eglantine "       6 

BOETItJS "  * 

Book  OF  Divers  Ghostly  Matters...       "       5 

Book  OF  Good  Mansers 1487 4 

Book  FOR  Travellers "    5 

Cato  Magnus 1483 4 

Cato  Parvus No  date 5 

Charles  the  Great 1485 6 

Chastising  of  Gob's  Children No  date 4 

Chaucer's  Book  OF  Fame "       4 

"  Canterbury  Tales "       5 

"  "  "    "       4 

"  Troilits  and  Cresside....       "       4 

"  MinorWorks,withLydgate's"       5 

Chess,  Game  of 1474 5 

"  "        No  date 4 

Chivalry,  Fait  of  Arms  and 1489 4 

"  Order  of 1484 6 

Chronicle  of  England,  ic 1480 3 

Cordial "SO 4 

Craft  to  Know  well  to  Die 1490 5 

CuRiAL  OF  Alain  Chartier No  date 6 

Dictes  of  the  Philosophers 1477 4 


eio 

Date.    Deg.  of  Rarity. 

De  Fide  et  Cantu,  &o No  date 5 

DlBECTORlUM  SaCEHDOTUM "  5 

Doctrinal  OF  Sapience 1489 4 

Edward  the  Confessor qu? 

Godfrey  of  Boulogne 1481 5 

GoLDEK  Legend 1483 4 

Gower's  Confessio  Amantis 1483 3 

HoR.E No  date 6 

Jason 1475 5 

Infancia  Salvatoris No  date 6 

KaTHERINE  of  SlENNE "  4 

Knight  of  the  Tower 1484 4 

Liber  Festivalis 1483 4 

Life  of  our  Lady No  date 4 

"         Saint  Wenefrid "       5 


Lombardy,  History  of.. 


qu.' 


Lucidaby No  date 6 

Lvndewood qu? 

Mirror  of  the  World 1481 4 

Ovid's  Metamorphoses 14S0 5 

Paris  and  Vienne 1485 6 

Pilgrimage  of  the  Soul 1483 4 

polychronicon 1482 4 

Proverbs  OF  Pisa 1473 5 

Reynard  THE  Fox 1481 6 

Royal  Book 1484 4 

RussEL,  Ob.ation'of No  date 6 

Siege  OF  Rhodes "       6 

Speculum  Vite  Christi "       4 

Statutes "       ^ 

Troy,  Reciteil  DES  Histoires "       6 

"      Histories  OF 1471 5 

TuLLY  OF  Old  Age,  Ac 1481 3 

Virgil's  .Sneid 1490 4 

Work  of  Sapience No  date 4 

Cay,  Dr.  Med.  Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1698. 
Cay,  Henry  Boult.  Abridgt.  Public  Statutes,  from 
11th  of  Goo.  II.  to  1st  Geo.  III.  inclusive.  Lon.,  fol.  This 
is  a  supplementary  vol.  to  J.  Cay's  Abridgt..  (q.  v.)  Abridgt. 
of  Statutes  from  Magna  Charia  to  1st  Geo.  III..  1739, 
2  vols.  fol.  ;  2d  edit.,  1762,  2  vols,  fol.;   sup.  vol.,  1766. 

Cay,  John.  Abridgt.  Public  Statutes,  <tc..  from  Magna 
Charta— 9th  Hen.  III.  to  11th  Geo.  II.  inclusive,  Lon., 
1739,  2  vols.  fol.  Continuation  r.  Cay  H.  B.  Statutes  at 
Large  from  Magna  Charta  to  30th  Geo.  II.,  1785,  6  vols, 
fol.  Continuation  from  30th  Geo.  II.  to  13th  Geo.  III.,  by 
Owen  Ruffhead,  1768-73,  3  vols,  fob 

Cay,  John.  Analysis  of  the  Scotch  Reform  Act,  with 
Decisions  of  the  Courts  of  Appeal.  Parts  1  and  2,  Lon., 
1837-40,  8vo. 

Cay,  Robert.  Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1722;  bending 
Plank  bv  a  Sand  Heat. 

C'ayley,  Arthur,  The  Life  of  Sir  Walter  Raleigh, 
Lon.,  1805,  2  vols.  4to;  2d  edit.,  1806.  2  vols.  Svo.  Memoir 
of  Sir  Thomas  More,  with  a  new  trans,  of  his  Utopia,  his 
History  of  K.  Richard  III.,  and  his  Latin  Poems,  1808, 
2  vols.  Svo. 

"  He  is  either  no  favourite  of  the  historic  muse,  or  he  does  not 
pay  her  sufRcientfy  assiduous  court,  for  be  can  as  yet  boast  of  few 
of  the  fascinations  and  enchantments  which  she  places  at  the  difi- 
posal  of  her  successful  suitors." 

See  Lon.  Monthly  Rev.,  1806,  Svo. 
Cayley,  Arthur,  b.  1821,   at  Richmond,  Surrey,  a 
distinguished  mathematician.     Contributions — principally 
on  the  Pure  Mathematics — to  The  Cambridge,  The  Cam- 
bridge and  Dublin,  and  Quarterly,  Mathematical  Journals, 
Philosophical  Transactions,  Camb.  Phil.  Trans.,  Phil.  Maga- 
zine, Liouville's  Journal  de   Mathematiques.  and  Crclio's 
Journal  fur  die  reine  und  angewandte  Mathematik. 
Cayley,  Cornelius.     'I'bcolog.  treatises,  1758-62. 
Cayley,  Edward.    The  European  Revolutions,  1848, 
2  vols.  8yo. 

"Mr.  Cayley  has  evidently  studied  his  subject  thoroughly;  he 
h.os  consequently  produced  an  interesting  and  philosophic  history 
of  an  important  epocli.'' — jV'iy  (^iinr.  ii'tc. 

Cayley,  Sir  George.  Con.  to  Nic.  Jour..  1807,  '09, 
'10;  and  to  Phil.  Mag.,  1816;  subjects.  Aerial  Navigation  ; 
Mechanical  power  from  Air  expanded  by  Heiit. 

Cazenove,  J.,  President  of  the  London  Chess  Club. 
Selection  of  curious  and  entertaining  Games  at  Chess  that 
have  been  actually  played  by  J.  Cazenove,  Lon.,  1817, 12mo. 
Circulated  only  among  the  friends  of  the  author. 

Ceby.  Opuscules  Lyriques;  Lyric  Poems,  or  Songs, 
presented  to  Lady  Nelson,  1801,  Svo. 

Cecil,  Catherine.  Memoir  of  Mrs.  Hawkcs,  late  of 
Islington,  including  Remarks  in  Conversation  and  Extracts 
from  Sermons  and  Letters  of  the  late  Rev.  R.  Cecil ;   4th 

ed.,  1849,  Svo. 

359 


CEC 

Original  Tiioughts  on  Scripture,  etc.,  from  serms.  of  R. 
Cecil,  Lon..  IS  1.1. 

Cecil,  Edward,  Lord  Viscount  Wimbledon.  Journal 
of  his  Expedition  upon  tlie  Coast  of  Spain,  Lon.,  1625,  '26, 
4to.  His  Answer  to  the  Earl  of  Esse.x  and  nine  others.  A 
Letter  to  the  Mayor  of  Portsmouth.  Some  Letters  in  the 
Cabala,  the  Harleian  MSS.,  and  two  JNIS.  tracts  in  Brit. 
Mus.  He  was  second  son  of  the  Earl  of  Exeter,  and  grand- 
son of  Lord  Burleigh. 

Cecil,  Sir  Edward.    Speech  in  Parliament,  1621, 4to. 

Cecil,  Henry  Montasrue.  The  M.ystcrious  Visitor; 
or  May,  the  Rose  of  Cumberland ;  a  Novel,  1S05,  2  vols. 

Cecil,  Richard,  1743-1810,  a  native  of  London,  was 
entered  of  Queen's  College,  O.\ford,  in  1 773 ;  ordained  Dea- 
con, 1776;  Priest,  1777:  Minister  of  St.  .lohn's,  Bedford 
Row,  London,  1780;  presented  to  the  livings  of  Chobham 
and  Bislcy,  in  Surrey,  1800.  Mr.  C.  was  distinguished  as 
a  preacher,  and  for  his  sliill  in  music  and  painting.  Life 
of  Hon.  and  Rev.  W.  B.  Cadogan,  179S;  of  John  Bacon, 
the  sculptor,  ISOl;  of  Rev.  John  Newton,  2d  edit.,  ISOS. 
Tliese  biograpliies  are  contained  in  vol.  i.  of  the  edit,  of 
his  Worlis,  (edited  by  Rev.  Joseph  Pratt,)  in  4  vols.  8vo, 
ISU  ;  vol.  ii.  contains  his  Miscellanies  and  Practical  Tracts  ; 
vol.  iii.  his  Sermons;  vol.  iv.  his  Remains.  He  pub.  a  Se- 
lection of  Psalms  and  Hymns  for  the  Public  AVorship  of 
the  Church  of  England,  of  which  the  32d  edit,  was  pub. 
before  1S40.  In  1839  a  vol.  of  his  Sermons,  then  first  col- 
lected, was  issued  ;  new  edit.,  1853,  12mo,  An  edit,  of  his 
Works,  ed,  by  Mr.  Pratt,  appeared  in  1838,  2  vols.  Svo;  and 
his  Original  Thoughts,  edited  by  Catherine  Cecil ;  2d  ed., 
1851,  p.  Svo.  Some  of  his  original  melodies  will  be  found  in 
Theophania  Cecil's  Psalm  and  Hymn  Tunes,  and  a  number 
of  his  letters  and  remarks  in  the  Memoir  of  Mrs.  Hawkcs. 
"  Cecil  W.1S  a  man  deservedly  distinguished  .amoD}]:  the  evangeli- 
cal clergymen  of  the  established  Church." — Bishop  Jebd. 

''  Remarkabl.v  original :  with  striking  and  judicious  views.  His 
Remains,  eminently  useful  to  ministers,  and  perhaps  one  of  the 
most  valuable  books  that  has  been  given  to  them  in  modern  times.'' 

— BiCKRRSTETH. 

"Cecil's  style  of  preaching  partook  largely  of  his  characteristic 
excellence.  .  .  .  Ilis  ideas,  like  the  rays  of  the  sun.  carried  their 
own  light  with  them.  Images  and  illustrations  were  at  his  com- 
mand, and  rendered  his  discourses  not  only  instructive  but  fos- 
cioating.     They  were  living  pictures." 

"  In  Richard  Cecil  we  see  a  man  combining  the  rich  soil  of 
native  talent  with  a  refinement  of  cultivation  not  surpassed  by 
classic  example;  while  in  him  the  elegant  and  profound  .scholar 
and  polished  gentleman  are  only  the'  subordinate  characters  of 
the  humbls-minded.  devoted,  and  enterprising  follower  of  the  lowly 
Jesus." — Baptiat  Advncate. 

"His  style  of  preaching  wils  original  and  striking,  acutely  scruti- 
nizing, richly  embodied  with  evangelical  statements,  and  "bearing 
pointedly  upon  the  experience  of  the  Christian."— ion.  Christian 
Observer. 

Cecil,  Robert,  Earl  of  Salisbur.y,  1550  F-1612,  son  of 
the  great  Lord  Burleigh,  and  his  father's  successor  as  prime 
minister  of  England,  was  educated  at  St.  John's  College, 
Oxford.  An  Answer  to  several  scandalous  papers,  Lon., 
1666,  fob,  and  4to,  The  State  and  Dignity  of  a  Secretary 
of  State's  Place,  1642,  4fo,  Secret  Correspondence  with 
James  VI.,  King  of  Scotland,  pub.  by  D.  Dalrymple,  Lord 
Hailes,  Edin.,  1766,  12mo.  Some  of  his  papers  are  in  the 
Harleian  MSS,,  305  and  354. 

"  He  was  t^videntlv  a  man  of  quicker  parts,  and  a  more  spirited 
writer  and  speaker,  than  his  father." — Dr.  Birch. 

""Tofore  great  men  were  glad  of  pnets;  now 
I.  nU  the  worst,  am  covetous  of  thee, 
Yet  dare  not  to  my  thought  least  hope  allow 
Of  adding  to  thy  fame:  thine  may  to  me. 
"VThen  in  my  book  men  read  but  Cecil's  name." 

Ben  Jonson  ;  Epigrams. 
See  Park's  Walpole's  R.  A  N.  Authors. 

Cecil,  William,  Lord  Burlei|:h,  Lord  High  Trea- 
surer of  England,  1520-1598,  was  prime  minister  for  more 
than  half  a  eeulury.  He  was  entered  of  ,St.  John's  Col- 
lege, Ciiiuhridge,  May  27,  1535,  and  speedily  distinguished 
himself  by  his  proficiency  in  his  studies.  As  regards  his 
subsequent  career  we  may  adopt  the  words  of  Lord  Orford. 
Burleigh's  is 

"  One  of  those  gre.at  names  better  ftnown  in  the  annals  of  his 
country,  than  in  those  of  the  republic  of  letters.  In  the  latter 
light  only  it  is  the  business  of  this  work  to  record  him." — R.  d-N. 
Authors. 

The  Execution  of  Justice  in  Eng.,  Lon.,  1583,  4to;  again, 
1583,  4to;  1675, '88,  Svo;  in  Latin,  15S4,  Svo  ;  Italian,  1584, 
8vo.  Precepts,  <fec.,  1536,  ISmo.  Diarium  Espeditionis 
SeoticiB,  1541,  12mo.  Speech,  1592,  Advertisement,  Ac, 
1592,  Svo,  Advice  to  Q.  Elizabeth  in  Matters  of  Religion  and 
State,  1592,  Svo.  Memorial  presented  to  Q.  Elizabeth  against 
hcrbeing  Engrossed  by  any  Particular  Favourite,1714,i2mo, 
Advice  to  his  Son,  1722. 12mo.  His  Life  of  Collins,  1732,  Svo. 
Memoirs  of  his  Life  and  Advanced  Station,  &c. ;  with  an 
360 


CIIA 

Appendix  of  Original  Papers  by  R.  C,  1738,  4to.  Preface 
to  Queen  Catherine  Parr's  Lamentation  of  a  Sinner,  For 
an  account  of  his  Letters,  Genealogical  and  other  pieces 
in  MS.,  Ac,  see  Park's  Walpole's  R.  A  N.  Authors.  Col- 
lection of  State  Papers,  1542-70;  1740,  fob;  ditto,  1571- 
96;  1759,  fol.  Letters,  1542-70,  were  pub.  by  Haynes  in 
1740;  ditto,  1571-96,  pub.  by  Murdin,  1759.  Scrinia  Ce- 
ciliana;  being  his  Letters,  1663,  4to,  See  Somers's  Tracts 
for  his  First  Paper,  a  Memorial,  and  Ballard's  Brit,  Ladies 
for  his  Meditation  on  the  death  of  his  Lady,  A  review  of 
Haynes's  and  Murdin's  collection  of  Cecil's  State  Papers 
j  will  be  found  in  Retrosp.  Review,  N.  S.,  i.  204-30;  419- 
36,  (1S27.)  In  1828-31  a  most  important  work  was  giver, 
to  the  world  by  the  Rev.  Dr.  Nares,  Regius  Professor 
i  of  Mi'dern  Hist,  in  the  University  of  Oxford;  viz..  Me- 
moirs of  the  Life  and  Administration  of  Cecil,  Lord  Burgh- 
ley,  containing  a  Hist.  View  of  the  Times  in  which  lie 
lived,  and  of  the  illustrious  Persons  with  whom  he  was 
connected ;  now  first  pub,  from  the  originals,  3  vols,  4to. 
No  man  should  pretend  to  dogmatize  upon  the  events  of 
Elizabeth's  reign  who  has  not  digested  these  quartos. 
I  "  A  publication  of  the  highest  national  interest,  and  a  great 
and  valuable  accession  to  our  knowledge  of  Knglish  histoi-y,  at  a 

period  when  that  history  is  most  important In  his  preface 

Br.  Nares  tells  us  that  he  found  that  he  bad  done  but  little  when 
he  had  carefully  read  and  examined  more  than  fifty-nine  thousand 
closely  printed  pages  for  one  volume  alone.  It  is  by  such  indefa- 
tigable researches  that  he  has  been  enabled  to  correct  many  errors 
in  Hapin.  Strype,  Neale,  Lingard.  and  others."— Zon.  Atheixtfim. 

'•  This  elaborate  and  sterling  work  appears  in  the  good  old  solid 
form  of  nearly  800  pages  to  the  volume.  As,  it  would  be  impossi- 
ble, in  a  journal  like  ours,  to  afford  any  adequate  idea  of  the  mul- 
titude  of  great  historical,  biographical,  religious,  and  political 
questions  which  are  embraced  and  discussed  in  a  work  of  such 
magnitude,  we  mu.st  here  take  leave  of  it.  and  content  ourselves 
with  again  recommending  it  on  its  intrinsic  merits  as  a  work  of 
'  great  historical  value." — Lfm.  Literary  Gazette. 

"Both  public  depositories  and  private  collections  h.ive  been  con- 
sulted with  all  the  ardour  that  the  maguitude  and  importance  of  - 
the  work  required."^i>)7;.  Gent.  Slag. 

"If  thou  would'st  know  the  vertues  of  mankind, 
Read  here  in  one,  what  thou  in  all  canst  find. 
And  go  no  further:  let  this  circle  be 
Thy  universe,  though  his  epitome: — 
Cecil,  the  grave,  the  wise,  the  great,  the  good] 
\S  hat  is  there  more  that  can  ennoble  blood  ?" 

Ben  JmisoiVs  Epigrams. 
Cecil,  William.     Every  Bankrupt  his  own  Lawyer, 
1715,  Svo, 

Celer,  t.     The  Censors  Censured,  Lon.,  1698,  Svo. 
Celhcr,  Eliz.     Malice  Defeated,  ic,  16S0,  '89,  4to. 
Celsius,  Andrew.      Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1725-36 : 
Astronomy:  Antiquities;  the  Barometer. 

Cennick,  John,   a   Calvinistic  Methodist,   d.   1755. 
Edward   Lee,  1729.  Svo,     Autobiog.,  1745,  Svo,     Serms., 
1762,  2  vols.  12mo;  frequently  reprinted;  last  edit.,  1852, 
12mo. 
"Great  simplicity  and  zeal."— Dr.  E.  Wihiams. 
"  Kvangelii-.Tl.'' — Bickerstetm. 

Cent,  Nehem.  A  Word  to  L.  P.  Assembly,  Lon., 
1650,  4to. 

Centlivre,Su.sannah,  1667  ?-1722,  a  dramatic  writer 
of  consideralde  note  in  her  day,  was  a  daughter  of  Mr. 

Freeman,  of  Lincolnshire.     She  was  thrice  married  : 1st 

to  a  nephew  of  Sir  Stephen  Fox;  2dly  to  Colonel  Carrol; 
and  3dly  to  Joseph  Centlivre,  principal  cook  to  Queen 
Anne.  She  sometimes  appeared  upon  the  stage,  but  was 
more  successful  as  a  composer.  Her  wit,  beaut.y,  and  ac- 
complishments made  her  a  favourite  in  the  literary  circles 
presided  over  by  Steele,  Budgell,  Rowe,  Ac.  Her  AVorks, 
with  a  New  Account  of  her  Life,  appeared  in  1761,  3  vols. 
12mo.  A  listof  her  19  plays— among  which  A  Bold  Stroke 
for  a  Wife  and  the  Perjured  Husband— wUl  be  found  in 
the  Biog.  Dramatica. 

"  AVe  cannot  help  giving  it  as  our  opinion,  that  if  we  do  not  al- 
low lier  to  be  the  very  first  of  our  female  writers  for  the  stage  she 
h.as  but  one  above  her.  and  may  justly  be  placed  next  to  her  pre- 
decessor m  dramatic  glory,  the  great  Mrs.  Behn."— B%.  Ih-amat. 

Ceolfrid,  or  Ceolfrith,  642  ?-716.  succeeded  Benedict 
Blscop  in  690  as  Alibot  of  Wearmouth.  His  letter  ad- 
dressed to  the  King  of  the  Picts  on  the  observance  of  Easter, 
has  been  highly  commended. 

"  Bale  attributes  to  Ceolfrid,  Homilies,  Epistles,  and  other  works 
amongst  which  one,  he  says,  treated  of  De  sua  peregrinatione. 
Little  credit  however  can  be  given  to  this  statement,  as  Bale  had 
evidently  not  seen  the  books  he  describes."—  Wright's  Biog.  Brit. 

Cetta,  John.  Tryal  of  AA'ifchcraft,  shewing  the  true 
and  right  method  of  discovery,  1616,  4lo. 

Chad,  G.  W.     Revolution  in  Holland,  1814,  Svo. 

Chaderton,  Lawrence,  D.D.,  Urst  Master  of  Ema.- 
nucl  College,  Camliridgc,  1546-1640,  was  educated  at 
Christ's  College.      He  was  one  of  the  translators  of  the 


CHA 


CIIA 


version  of  the  Bible  made  by  order  of  James  T.  Sermon, 
1578, 16mo.  Treatise  on  Justification  ;  pub.  by  A.  Tbysius, 
Prof,  of  Divinity  at  Leyden,  with  other  tracts  on  the  same 
subject.  His  Life  was  pub.  by  AVilliam  Dillingham,  at 
Cauil'rid.tce.  in  1700. 

"llf  \s;i>  J  iiKin  of  acknowledged  piety,  benevrlencf. and  learning." 

Chadlicet,  Thomas.  Speech  in  behalf  of  the  King 
and  PiuliauK-nt,  Lon.,  1042,  4to. 

Chadwell,  Scripture  Concordance,  Lon.,  1650, 12mo. 
Satyr  to  bis  Muse.  Lc.n..  1GS2,  fob 

Chadwicli,  Daniel.     Sermon,  Lon.,  169S,  12mo. 

Chadwich,  John.     Sermon,  161-4,  4to. 

ChaUwick,  Edwin,  b.  ISOl,  near  Manchester.  Re- 
port from  the  Puor-Laiv  Commissioners,  Luii.,  1H42. 

"  A  grt'at  deal  of  iiuthentic  and  very  valuable  information.  .  .  . 
The  interesting  and  elaborate  report  by  the  same  gentleman,  on 
interment  in  towns,  disclost-s  some  really  frightful  abuses." — 
McCtillncli's  Lit.of  Pulit,  Eamomi/. 

Chadwick,  Rev.  Jahez,  b.  1779,  at  Lee,  Mass.  For 
more  than  fifty  years  a  pastor  in  Western  N.  Y.  Two  works 
on  Christian  "Baptism,  1S32-38.  Kew  Testament  Diet., 
1849;  a  work  wliich  received  high  commendation. 

Chalie.     Tiie  F-.urth  Commandment.  1652.  4to. 

Chatin^  William.  Anecdotes  and  History  of  Cran- 
bonrn  t'b;l^e,  Lmi..  Svo. 

C'hafy,     John.     Fast  Sermon,  1757,  8vo. 

ChatV,  William.     Sermon,  1803,  Svo. 

Chalenor,  Mary.  Walter  Gray;  a  Ballad,  and  other 
Poems,  Lon.,  12ino ;  2d  ed..  1843.  Poctic;iI  Kemains  of 
M.  C,  12mo.  1843;  and  included  in  2d  edit,  of  "Walter  Gray. 

"As  tliL'  simple  and  s))outaneous  effusions  of  a  mind  apparently 
filled  with  feelings  which  render  the  fireside  happy,  and  untinc- 
tured  with  atTeciutiun  or  verbiage,  they  may  with  benefit  be  re- 
ceived intn  the  '  happy  homes  of  Euirland.'  and  offered  as  a  gift  to 
the  youthful  of  both  sexes." — iliamhers's  Jjim.  Jaurnal. 

"The  poems  are  sweetly  natural;  and  tlnaigh  on  topics  often 
eung,  breathe  a  tenderness  and  mclanehirily  which  are  at  once  sooth- 
ing and  cnnsnlatfiry." — Lon.  Literary  Gu2ilt,\ 

Chalford,  K.     Sermon,  Oxf..  1644.  4to. 

Chalk,  Eliza.  A  Peep  into  Architecture,  Lon.,  16mo; 
2d  ed.,  1848. 

'■What  has  been  done  by  Mrs.  Chalk  is  simply,  unaffectedly, 
and  Well  written.  Most  of  the  principal  details  nf  Church  Archi- 
tecture and  ornaments  are  briefly  explained  iii  lanL'uaL'e  divested 
of  technical  charactA?rs;  and  the  neat  lithographic  illustrations  are 
decidedly  well  chosen,  and  correctly  delineated." — 3x!eswlnQ7St. 

"It  traces  the  history  of  Architecture  from  the  earliest  times." 
—Tlu:  Bwlder. 

"  A  nu'rilorious  attempt — pleasingly  written." — Lon.  Aihmceum. 

ChalkhilU  .John,  is  a  name  prefi.xed  by  Izaak  Walton 
to  a  work  ])uli.  by  him  in  1683,  entitled  Thealma  and 
Clearchus  :  A  Pastoral  History  in  smooth  and  easie  verse. 
Walton  speaks  of  Chalkhill  as  the  Friend  and  "Acquaint- 
ance of  Edmund  Spenser,"  but  as  there  is  no  other  evidence 
of  the  existence  of  such  a  friend  of  the  author  of  the  Faery 
Queen,  (for  the  Winchester  Cathedral  Chalkhill  cannot  be 
the  poet  wanted.)  some  critics  have  considered  Chalkhill 
as  only  a  vom  de  phmie,  and  believe  Walton  to  be  the  au- 
thor of  the  Pastoral  History.  See  this  question  discussed 
in  Mr.  Singer's  reprint  of  Thealma  and  Cle.archus  in  an 
article  in  the  Lon.  Retrospective  Review,  iv.  2;i0. 1821,  and 
in  Beloe's  Anecdotes,  i.  69-74.  Those  who  have  confidence 
in  Izaak's  veracity,  when  they  read  the  followinf;  positive 
assertions,  may  feel  inclined  to  range  themselves  on  the 
side  of  Chalkhill  believers: 

"  He  was  in  his  time  a  man  prenerally  known,  and  as  well  be- 
loved: for  he  was  humble  and  obli;j;infi  in  his  hi-haviour;  a  gentle- 
man, a  scholar,  very  innocent  and  prudent ;  and,  indeed,  his  whole 
life  was  useful,  quiet,  and  virtuous." 

'■  The  versification  of  Thealma  and  Clearchus  is  extremely  sweet 
and  equable.  Occisiunally  harsh  lines  and  unlicensed  rhymes 
occur;  but  they  are  only  exceptions  to  the  general  style  of  the 
poem, — the  errors  of  liaste  or  negligence." — Loji.  Kdroap.  /^eii.,1821. 

Chalkey,  Thomas,  d.  1749,  whilst  on  a  missionary- 
visit  at  the  isle  of  Turtola,  came  from  England  to  Penn- 
sylvania in  17U1,  and  resided  chiefly  in  this  State  for  the 
rest  of  his  life.  His  Journal,  and  a  cuUection  of  his  writ- 
ings, were  pub.  at  Phila.,  1747  ;  Lon.,  1751;  N.Y.,  1808. 

"  He  was  a  man  of  many  virtues."    See  Proud's  Hist.,  i.  403. 

Challen,  Rev.  James,  b.  at  Hackensaek.  N.Jersey,- 
a  publisher  in  Philadelphia.  1.  The  Cave  of  Machpelah, 
and  other  Poems,  Phila.,  1856,  12mo.  2.  The  Gospel  and 
its  Elements.     3.  Christian  Evidences. 

Challice,  A.  E.    The  Village  School  F^te,  Lon.,  12mo. 

"Considered  as  a  religious  tale,  the  story  is  well  contrived,  and 
there  is  with  it  a  better  knowledge  of  the  world  than  is  often  found 
in  serinns  novels." — Lfm.  Spectator. 

Challoner,  Richard,  D.D.,  Bishop  of  Debra,  1691- 
1781,  a  native  of  Lewes,  Sussex,  studied  at  the  English 
R.  C.  College  at  Duuay,  and  embraced  the  Roman  Catho- 
lic religion.  In  17?-i)  he  returned  to  England,  and  pub. 
an  answer  to  Middleton's  Letter  from  Rome,  for  which  he 
was  denounced  as  an  enemy  to  his  country,  and  obliged  to 


abscond.  In  1741  he  was  made  titulary  Bishop  of  Lon- 
don and  Snlisbury,  and  Vicar  Apostolic  of  the  Metrepoli- 
tan  District.  Church  History,  1737.  3  vols.  fol.  Britan- 
nia Saneta,  Lon.,  1745,  fol.  A  IVIauual  of  Prayers  and 
other  Christian  Devotions,  revised  liy  K.  C,  1819,  18mo. 
Grounds  of  the  Catholic  Doctrine,  13th  edit.,  1828,  ISmo. 
A  Popular  Tract.  Memoirs  of  Missionary  Priests,  and 
others  of  both  Sexes,  who  sufiered  on  Account  of  their  Re- 
ligion from  1577  to  1688,  Mauchest.,  1803.  Spirit  of  Dis- 
senting Teachers.  Grounds  of  the  Old  Religion.  Unerr- 
ing Authority  of  the  Catholic  Church.  A  Caveat  ngainst 
Methodism.  Meditations  for  every  Day  in  the  Year.  Der- 
by, 1843,  2  vols.  24mo.  A  repub.  of  Gother's  Papist  Misre- 
presented and  Represented;  26th  edit.,  Lou..  1825,  18nio, 
a  popular  R.  C.  tract.  Life  of  Richard  Challoner,  by 
James  Barnard,  Lon.,  1784.  8vo. 

Chalmers.     Con.  to  Phil.  Trans..  1750. 

Chalmers,  Alexander,  1759-1834.  a  native  of  Aber- 
deen, where  his  father  was  a  printer,  received  a  good  clas- 
sical and  medical  education.  He  came  to  London  about 
1777,  and  found  literary  euiphiyment  as  a  contributor  to 
St.  James's  Chronicle.  The  Morning  Chronicle.  The  Morn- 
ing Herald,  and  the  Critical  and  Analytical  Reviews.  A 
Continuation  of  the  History  of  England,  in  Letters,  1793, 
2  vols. ;  1798  ;  1803  ;  1821.  Glossary  to  Shakspeare,  1797. 
Sketch  of  the  Isle  of  "Wight,  1798.  Barclay's  English 
Dictionary.  The  British  Essayist,  1843,  45  vols.  12mo: 
commencing  with  The  Tatler,  and  ending  with  The  Ob- 
server; with  Prefaces,  Hist.,  and  Biog.,  and  collated  with 
the  original  editions;  again  pub.  in  1808  and  in  1823, 
38  vols.  18mo.  The  Spectator,  Tatler,  and  Guardian  in 
1S22,  12  vols.  Svo. 

"The  long  series  of  periodical  works,  which,  from  the  days  of 
Addison  to  those  of  Mackenzie,  have  enriched  our  literatui-e  with 
so  many  effusions  of  genius,  humour,  wit,  and  learning." — Sir 
Waltee  Scott. 

"As  we  read  in  these  delightful  volumes  of  the  '  Tatler'  and 
'  Spectator.'  the  past  age  returns — the  Kngland  of  our  ancestors  is 
revivified.  The  May  I'ole  rises  again  in  the  Strand,  in  London — the 
beaux  are  gathering  in  the  Coffee  Houses.  The  footmen  are  run- 
ning with  links  before  chariots,  or  tightiug  round  the  theatre  doors, 
Ac."— Thackeray. 

In  1809  he  pub.  an  edition  of  Shakspeare  with  Hist,  and 
Explanatory  Notes  from  the  most  eminent  Commentators, 
&c. ;  from  Steevens,  &.c. ;  again,  1812  and  1845,  8  vols.  Svo. 
We  quote  an  opinion  without  comment : 

"  This  is,  unquestionaVily,  the  most  desir.^I>le  edition  for  all  who 
desire  to  enjoy  their  author,  without  having  theij-  attention  drawn 
from  him  every  moment  to  the  putty  squabbles  of  his  parasitical 
commentators." 

Works  of  the  English  Poets  from  Chaucer  to  Cowpcr; 
with  Johnson's  Lives,  and  additional  Lives,  by  A.  C.  1810, 
21  vols.  r.  Svo,  £25.  History  of  the  Colleges,  Halls,  and 
Public  Buildings  attached  to  the  University  of  Oxford,  in- 
cluding the  Lives  of  the  Founders,  1810,  2  vols.  Svo. 

"  This  work  contains  much  information  which  will  be  useful 
and  amusing  to  the  generality  of  readers,  and  which  could  not  be 
procured,  except  in  works  which  are  now  become  both  scarce  and 
expensive." — L<m.  Quarterly  lievitw. 

"A  litter  person  to  execute  this  task  than  Mr.  Chalmers  could 
not  have  been  found ;  long  versed  in  every  branch  of  inquiry  re- 
lative to  the  history,  biography,  and  antiquities,  as  well  as  prac- 
tised in  the  art  of  writing,  of  a  discriminating  mind,  and  cool  judg- 
ment."— L(m.  British  Critic. 

The  General  Biographical  Dictionary,  1812-17,  32  vols. 
Svo.  This  is  a  very  valuable  work,  to  which  this  volume 
is  very  much  indebted. 

"  No  pood  library  can  possibly  be  considered  complete  without 
the  excellent  Biographical  Dictionary  of  Chalmers." 

'■The  most  extensive  and  important  body  of  Biographical  and 
Bibliographical  information  ever  published  in  this  country." 

This  work  is  now  (1854)  worth  £7  to  £10,  according  to 
the  binding  and  condition. 

Among  the  last  labours  of  Mr.  C.  were  an  abridgment 
of  Todd's  Johnson  Dictionary,  in  1820;  the  9th  edit,  of 
Boswell's  Johnson,  in  1822,  and  a  new  edit,  of  Shakspeare, 
and  one  of  Dr.  Johnson's  works,  in  1823.  In  addition  to 
the  labours  noticed  by  us,  he  edited  the  works  of  Fielding, 
Gibbon.  Bolingbroke,  Pope,  Ac,  wrote  many  biographi- 
cal sketches,  and  assisted  in  a  number  of  literary  under- 
takings.    For  particulars  see  Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  Feb.  1835. 

"Mr.  Chalmers  was  most  indefatigable  and  laborious  in  his  stu- 
dies and  devotion  to  literature.  No  man  ever  edited  so  many 
works  for  the  booksellers  of  London:  and  his  attention  to  accuracy 
of  collation,  his  depth  of  research  as  to  facts,  and  his  discrimina- 
tion as  to  the  character  of  the  authors  under  his  review,  cannot 
he  too  highly  praised." — Lrm.  Gent.  M'<g.,  ^^'^f>. 

Chalmers,  Lt.  Chas.     Polit.  Pamphlets,  1706-1S02. 

Chalmers,  David.     See  Chambers. 

Chalmers,  George,  1742-1825,  a  native  ofFochabers, 
Scotland,  was  educated  at  King's  College.  Old  Aberdeen. 
After  devoting  some  time  to  the  study  of  the  l:iw,  he  emi- 
grated to  Maryland,  and  practised  in  the  colonial  courts 

361 


CHA 

for  ten  years.  The  American  struggle  for  independence, 
to  wWeh  he  was  opposed,  proving  successful,  he  returned 
to  England,  and  his  loyalty  was  rewarded  in  lih6  bya 
clerkship  in  the  hoard  of  trade,  which  he  retained  until  his 
death  He  puh.  a  numher  of  political,  historical,  biogra- 
phical, and  miscellaneous  works,  some  of  which  we  notice. 
A  Cllectiou  of  Treaties  between  Ureal  Britain  and  oilier 
Powers.  Lon.,  1750,  2  vols.  8vo ;  and  UaU.  Political  An- 
nals of  the  Present  United  Colonies,  Book  1,  to  lOSb,  llbU, 
,4to ;  all  published.  Repub.,  with  addils.,  Inlroduc.  to  the 
Hist.,  Ac,  Host.,  1845,  2  vols.  8vo.  ,      j  ,„     t» 

■•  Vou  will  sometimes  see  the  work  of  Chalmers  referred  to.  It 
is  an  immense,  heavy,  tedious  hook,  to  explain  the  legal  histoi-y 
of  the  different  colonies  of  America.  It  should  be  consulted  on  all 
such  points.  But  it  is  impossible  to  read  it.  The  leaves,  however 
should  be  turned  over,  for  curious  particulars  often  o''™;-  »"<^^  °? 
nature ofthefirstsettk.ment.andorii;iuallawsofc*;h  colony  should 

be  known.  The  last  chapter,  indeed,  ought  to  be  read,  the  right 
to  tax  the  colonies  became  a  great  point  of  dispute.  Chalmers 
means  to  show  that  the  sovoreisnty  of  the  British  Parliament  ex- 
isted over  America,  because  the  settlers,  thoush  emi-rants,  were 
still  English  subjects  and  members  of  the  empire.  —FtuJ.  t^mym  s 
Ltd.  on'UM.  Hist.  , 

Lord  Sheffield's  Observations  on  tho  Commerce  of  the 
American  Stales  were  pub.  in  1784.  An  Estimate  of  the 
Comparative  Strength  of  Great  Britain  during  the  next 
and  four  preceding  Keigns,  ic,  1782,  4to  ;  1794  1802  ;  new 
edit ,  corrected  and  continued  to  1810;  IblO,  2  vols.  8vo. 

'•  Written  to  dispel  the  gloomy  apprehensions  of  those  who  sup- 
nosed  that  the  country  was  in  a  ruined  state  at  the  close  of  the 
American  war;  and  it  successfully  accomplished  its  object.  — 
McCuLLOCH.  „  T^   ,  ,.      T  J 

Opinions  on  Interesting  Subjects  of  Public  Laws  and 
Commercial  Policy,  arising  frcm  American  Ind. 


dependence, 

1784,  8vo.     Apology  for  the  Believers  of  the  Shakspeare 

Papers,  1797,  Svo.     Supplementary  Apology,  179U,  8vo. 

Appendix,  1800,  Svo.  .  „    ,     „ 

"Indispensably  necessary  to  every  Shakspearian  collector.  — 

LOWNOES.  m,  .  1. 

Life  of  Thomas  Buddiman,  1794,  Svo.  Tho  Appendix 
contains  a  v.aluable  chronological  list  of  early  English 
newspapers,  and  other  interesting  matter. 

Life  of  Sir  David  Lyndsay,  and  a  Glossary  of  his  Poetical 
Works,  1806,  3  vols.  Svo. 

"  Mr.  Chalmers  has  here  given  a  much-improved  and  excelleiit 
edition  of  the  works  of  Sir  David  Lyndsay.  His  publication  is 
entitled  to  the  highest  commendation."— /?<i7)S^  Cnlic. 

Life  of  Mary,  Queen  of  Scots,  from  the  State  Paper.?,  2d 
edit,,  1822,  3  vols.  Svo.     A  valuable  history. 

Mr.  C.'s  great  work,  to  which  much  of  his  life  was  de- 
Toted,  was  a  comprehensive  topographical  and  historical 
account  of  Great  Britain,  from  the  earliest  times — styled 
Caledonia.  Of  the  four  volumes  projected,  only  three 
appeared— the  result  of  vast  labour  and  research — Vol.  i., 
1807;  ii.,  1810;  iii.,  1824;  all  4to.  The  concluding  por- 
tion was  left  by  the  indefatigable  author  in  JIS. 

"The  Caledonia  is  to  the  Anglo-Saxon  History  what  Stonehenge 
is  to  a  carved  front  in  an  old  cathedral.  It  is  one  of  the  children 
of  Anak.  In  deep  research  and  heaping  together  of  matter,  the 
Britannia  of  Camden  fades  away  before  it.  A  life,  and  a  long  and 
busy  one,  was  almost  exclusively  devoted  to  this  stupendous 
work:  the  author  lived  to  complete  it,  and  no  more.  The  con- 
cluding volume  is  still  in  manuscript;  and  no  boiikseller  has  ap- 
peared willing  to  hazard  the  expen.se  of  giving  to  the  world  a 
thousand  pages  quarto.  This  is  one  of  those  cases  in  which  lite- 
rature is  not  its  own  reward;  and  bad  Chalmers  lived  in  any  land 
under  the  sun  save  this,  bis  Caledonia  would  have  been  published 
by  the  government,  and  the  learned  author  pensioned." — Allan 
CONNINGFAM  :  Lit.  of  the  Lust  FiJ'ln  Tears. 

"  It  is  impossible  to  speak  too  highly  of  the  excellencies  of  this 
elaborate  work— more  elaborate,  indeed,  and  copious,  more  abound- 
ing with  original  information,  than  any  work  in  British  History 
or  Antifiuities  which  ever  came  from  one  author.  It  will  rank 
with  the  immortal  Britannia  of  Camden,  which  it  far  surpasses  in 
industry  of  research  and  accumulation  of  matter." — Lon.  Quar- 
terly  Review.  .  ,  „.  . 

"  This  gentleman  is  the  Atlas  of  Scotch  Antirjuaries  and  Histo- 
rians;  bearing  on  his  own  shoulders  whatever  has  been  collected, 
and  with  pain  separatelil  endured  by  his  predecessors;  whom 
neither  difficulties  tire,  nor  dangers  daunt."— Z>iMi«'s  Library 
Compnninn. 

Will  it  be  thought  impertinent  in  an  American  to  urge 
one  of  the  Literary  Clubs,  which  do  such  credit  to  Great 
Britain,  to  worthily  distinguish  itself  by  publishing  tho 
remaining  MSS.  of  this  great  work? 

Chalmers,  James,  D.P.     Sermon,  1714,  4to. 
Chalmers,  Lionel,  M.D.,  1715?-1777,  a  native  of 
Scotland,  emigrated  to  South  Carolina,  where  he  practised 
medicine  for  more  than  40  years.     Essay  on  Fevers,  Lon., 
1768,  Svo.    The  Weather  and  Diseases  of  S.  Carolina,  Lon., 
1776,  2  vols.  Svo.     Con.  to  Med.  Obs.  and  Ii"|. 
Chalmers,  Robert.     SermoDs.  Edin.,  1798. 
Chalmers,  Thomas,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  and  member  of 
the  Royal   Institute  of  France,  1780-1847,  the  most  emi- 
nent Scottish  divine  of  his  day,  was  a  native  of  Austru- 
362 


CHA 

ther,  Fifeshire.  He  entered  the  University  of  St.  An- 
arcr's  in  1791.  Selecting  tho  ministry  as  his  profession, 
ho  was  ordained  in  the  Church  of  Scotland,  and  officiated 
as  assistant  minister  in  the  parish  of  Cavers,  from  whence 
ho  removed  to  Kilmany,  in  Fifeshire,  and  in  1814  to  the 
Tron  Church  of  Glasgow,  where  he  speedily  become  cele- 
brated as  the  most  eloquent  preacher  of  his  day.  The  ar- 
ticle Christianity,  contributed  to  Sir  David  Brewster's 
Edinburgh  Encyclopaidia,  and  since  pub.  in  book  form, 
added  to  the  evidences  of  the  writer's  eminent  abilities. 
In  1817  he  pub.  his  Discourses  on  Astronomy;  in  1818  his 
Commercial  Discourses;  in  1819  and  1820  appeared  the 
Occasional  Discourses,  and  in  1821  (1821-26,  3  vols.  Svo) 
he  gave  to  the  world  The  Civic  and  Christian  Economy  of 
Lar^e  Towns.     Mr.  McCuUoch  thus  notices  this  work : 

"llr  Chalmers  is  a  zealous,  or  rather  a  fanatii-al.  opponent  of 
pooiMaws.  His  projects  for  providing  for  the  support  of  the  poor, 
w  ilhnut  resorting  to  a  compulsory  provision,  which  he  regards  as 
one  of  the  Greatest  possible  evils,  are  developed  in  this  work.  But 
while  we  admit  the  goodness  of  his  intentions,  nothing,  as  it  ap- 
pears to  us,  can  be  more  futile  and  visionary  than  his  schemes; 
more  inconsistent  with  principle,  experience,  and  common  sense. 
— Lit.  of  Polit.  Ecrmomy. 

In  1824  he  was  appointed  to  the  Professorship  of  Moral 
Philosophy  in  the  University  of  St.  Andrew's.  Whilst 
thus  settled  he  pub.  his  works  on  Endowments,  his  Bridge- 
water  Treatise,  the  Lectures  on  tho  Romans,  and  his  Poli- 
tical Economy  in  connexion  with  the  Moral  Stale  and 
Moinl  Prospects  of  Society,  (Glasgow,  1832,  Svo.)  This 
work  also  incurs  the  censure  of  the  celebrated  critic  whom 
we  have  just  quoted  : 

"  The  principles  which  pervade  the  work  are  mostly  borrowed 
from  the  Economists  and  Mr.  Malthas;  and  are  frequently  either 
wholly  unsound,  or  carried  to  such  an  extreme  as  to  become  inap- 
plieable  and  absurd.  It,  however,  contains  some  ingenious  dis- 
qui'sitions.  It  was  reviewed  in  the  Kdinburgb  Keview.  (vol.  Ivi. 
pp  62-72.)  Dr.  Chalmers  replied  to  the  reviewers  in  a  pamphlet, 
in  which  he  ineffectually  endeavoured  to  vindicate  bis  doctrines 
fiom  the  objections  urged  agaiust  them." — McCuUoch's  Lit.  of  Pol. 
Eeonom  i/. 

In  1828  he  was  removed  to  the  Chair  of  Theology  in  the 
University  of  Edinburgh,  "  the  highest  academical  dis- 
tinction which  could  be  bestowed." 

Dr.  Chalmers  was  the  principal  leader  of  tho  seceding 
party  in  the  difBcultics  which  resulted  in  the  disruption 
of  the  Church  of  Scotland  in  1843.  Resigning  his  pro- 
fessor's ch.air  in  tho  lliiivcr.sily  of  Edinburgh,  he  was 
elected  principal  .and  priraarius  Professor  of  Theology  to 
the  seceding  body.  The  degree  of  LL.D.  conferred  by  tho 
University  of  Oxford,  and  election  as  a  corresponding 
member  of  tho  Royal  Institute  of  France — "  honours 
never  before  accorderl  to  a  Presbyterian  divine,  and  seldom 
to  a  Scotsman" — are  striking  evidences  of  the  esteem  in 
which  this  eminent  man  was  held  by  the  most  learned 
judges  of  literary  merit.  On  the  evening  of  Sunday, 
May  30,  1847,  Dr.  Chalmers  retired  to  rest  "apparently  in 
perfect  health,  and  died  calmly  during  the  night,  the  bed- 
clothes being  found  undisturbed  about  his  person."  He 
left  a  widow  and  six  children — one  married  to  the  Rev. 
Dr.  Hanna  of  Stirling,  an  author  .and  editor  of  the  North 
British  Review,  who  has  since  pub.  Dr.  C.'s  posthumous 
works,  and  Memoirs  of  his  Life  and  Writings.  See  Lon. 
Gent.  Mag.,  July,  1847,  to  which  we  are  indebted  for  many 
of  tho  above  facts.  The  writings  of  Dr.  C.  were  pub.  by 
Messrs.  Thomas  Constable  &  Co.,  Edinburgh,  in  the  fol- 
lowing order : 

Worl-s  :   25  viih.  12mo. 
Vols.  1,  2.  Natural  Theology. 

"  3,  4.  Christian  Evidences. 

"  5.  Moral  Philosophy. 

'I  6.  Commercial  Discourses, 

"  7.  Astronomical  Discourses. 

"  8,  9, 10.  Congregational  Sermons. 

'•'  11.   Sermons  on  Public  Occasions. 

"  12.  Tracts  and  Essays. 

"  13.  Introductory  Essays  to  Select  Authors. 

"  14,  15,  16.  Polity  of  Nations. 

"  17.  Church  Establishments. 

"  18.  Church  Extension. 

"  19,  20.   Political  Economy. 

"  21.  Parochial  System. 

"     22,  23,  24,  25.  Lectures  on  the  Romans. 
Poslhumoiie   Works;  edited  by  the  Rev.  Dr.  Hanna,  9  voU. 
8ro.,  1847-49. 

Daily  Scripture  Readings,  3  vols. 

S.abbath  Scripture  Readings,  2  vids. 

Sermons  Illustrative  of  Different  Stages  in  His  Minis- 
try, 1  vol. 

"This  volume  of  the  Posthumous  Works  of  the  great  Scottish 
divine  has  a  distinct  utility  of  its  own.    These  discourses  extend 


CHA 


CHA 


over  a  period  of  nearly  fifty  years;  they  mark  the  ripening  of  a 
ruiud  Liii:j,iii!illy  fertile,  and  the  purfectiog  of  an  floiiuence  Ibrcitile 
froui  its  i-ailirst  (■iritit;  but  they  are  still  morn  inturesting  to  the 
miuistei-  ;ind  tin-  rLtiiiious  inquiier,  as  showing  not  an  education 
but  a  iv;^t.'ueiatiMii  uf  the  spiritual  nature;  not  a  completion,  but 
a  roluruiatiou,  of  buliel  on  the  great  evangelical  articles  of  our 
fiiith.  ■ —  UlitchiiKin. 

Institutes  of  Theology,  2  vols. 

**  lu  1S41  Dr.  Chalmers  tommenced  rewriting  and  remoulding 
his  Tbeologicai  Lectures  into  the  furm  of  a  cumplt^te  and  compre- 
hensive Treatise  on  t^ystematic  Divinity.  To  this  work  all  his 
leisure  time  was  given.  !Noue  of  his  published  writings  received 
laigei'.  il  SI)  large,  a  measure  of  the  author's  care  and  thought  iu 
their  preparation.  lie  looked  forward  to  it  himself,  when  com- 
pleted, as  his  largest  and  most  matured  contiibutiou  to  the  science 
of  theology  ;  and  he  has  loft  it  nearly  in  the  state  in  which  he  de- 
signed to  present  it  to  public  notice." 

"A  woik  worthy  of  the  veteran  theologijin  and  preacher  whose 
masi'uline  yet  child-like  mind  lives  in  its  pages.  For  the  spirit  it 
breathes,  still  more  than  for  the  views  of  truth  it  exhibits,  we  de- 
sire that  it  may  be  widely  studied  among  our  young  preachers  and 
theoIoL;ical  students." — Patriot. 

Prelectious  on  Butler's  Analogy,  Ac,  1  vol. 

"  Never  did  Calvinism  appear  to  greater  advantage  than  in  these 
Prelections.  We  ivfer  not  so  much  to  the  victorious  argument 
that  is  wielded  in  its  defence,  as  to  the  life  our  professor  breathes 
into  it,  and  the  life  that  he  draws  from  it.  How  often  is  the  Kd- 
wardean  Calvinism  of  the  North  defended  as  a  system  scientific- 
ally correct,  and  the  argument  left  there!  But  the  volume  before 
us  may  convince  any  one  that,  rightly  interpreted,  and  savingly 
experienced — understood  in  all  its  parts,  and  seen  in  all  its  rela- 
tions, it  is  not  more  a  system  of  orthodoxy  than  a  source  of  god- 
liness.''— Journal  of  Piophtcy. 

'•To  commend  these  works  is  superfluous:  they  have  met  with 
universal  approbation  from  the  British  press  and  public.  That 
the  pfiiodi.al  press,  representing  so  great  a  variety  of  religious 
and  ijtilitical  opinions,  should  have  so  generally  noticed  them,  and 
that  luowith  high  commendation,  is  a  circumstance  exceedingly 
rare,  if  not  unparalleled.  They  have  charms  for  the  merely  lite- 
rary man,  and  they  will  obtain  a  hearing  for  evangelical  truth, 
in  quarters  fi-om  which  it  would  otherwise  bo  excluded." — Kitto's 
Journal:  Noticf  nf  thu  Posthumous  Wvrl.s. 

In  addition  to  the  above,  the  reader  must  procure  Me- 
moirs of  the  Life  and  Writings  of  Dr.  Chalmers.  By  his  son- 
in-law.  the  Rev.  AVm,  Ilanna,  LL.D.,  4  vols.  8vo,  1849-52, 
"Dr.  Hanna  is  to  be  congratulated  on  the  manner  in  which  he 
has  fulfilled  the  important  task  on  which  he  has  now  for  several 
years  been  engaged.  Dr.  Chalmers  is  a  man  whose  life  and  cha- 
racter may  well  engage  many  writers ;  but  no  one  possessed  such 
materials  as  Dr.  Hanna  for  writing  a  biography  so  full  and  de- 
tailed as  was  in  this  case  demanded.  The  Jour  vnjuuics  which  he 
has  laid  before  the  public  are  not  only  an  aiiip]>'  discharge  of  his 
special  obligations  as  regards  his  splendid  snl  ject.  Ijut  iilso  a  nuich- 
needed  example  of  the  manner  in  which  biographies  of  this  kind, 
combining  original  narrative  with  extracts  from  wi-itings  and  cor- 
respondence, ought  to  he  written." — Lnn.  At/ienmum. 

*'  We  find  that  throughout  this  article,  we  have  been  serving 
Dr.  Hanna  very  much  as  he  has  served  himself  in  the  course  of 
his  labours,  in  compiling  these  Memoirs.  He,  occupied  with  his 
great  subject,  has  kept  himself  out  of  view:  and  we.  warmed  at 
the  same  lire,  have  been  almost  as  forgetful  as  he  himself.  But 
he  will  have  his  revenge  of  us.  All  the  world  has  read,  or  will 
presently  be  reading,  what  he  has  written;  and  thousands  of 
readers  will  be  grateful  to  him  for  what  he  has  done,  so  well,  for 
their  editicatiou  and  pleasure;  or  even  if  they  forget  to  render 
this  deserved  tribute,  it  will  be  because  with  them  as  with  us,  a 
Memoir  of  Chalmers,  if  worthily  compiled,  must,  in  the  nature  of 
the  case,  quite  fill  the  readers  thoughts  and  heart,  criticism  for- 
gotten."—Isaac  Taylor, ?« /AeiVori/i  British  RiiviKw. 

"  We  lose  no  time  in  recommending  our  readers  to  procure  this 
hook,  which  abounds  with  choice  extracts  from  the  earlier  corre- 
spondence of  the  true-hearted  Dr.  Chalmers;  throwing  much  light 
on  the  progress  and  development  of  an  intellect  destined  to  exer- 
cise an  iufiuence  so  important  on  the  Church  of  his  own  day,  and 
to  transmit  to  posterity  a  legacy  so  precious." — Eclectic  Hcview. 

It  were  easy  to  adduce  many  more  testimonies  to  the 
Talue  of  the  labours  of  Dr.  Chalmers  as  a  Christinn  teacher 
and  a  zealous  and  enlightened  philanthropist: — but  this 
article  is  already  long,  and  three  or  four  more  quotations 
must  conclude  it : 

*'To  activity  and  enterprise  he  has  read  a  new  lesson.  To  dis- 
interested but  far-seeing  goodness  he  has  supplied  a  new  motive. 
To  philanthropy  he  has  given  new  impulse,  and  to  the  pulpit  new 
inspiration.  And  whilst  he  has  added  another  to  the  short  cata- 
logue of  this  world's  great  men,  he  has  gone  up,  another  and  a 
majestic  ou-looker,  to  the  cloud  of  witnesses."— iWi/i  British 
^evino. 

"  We  meet  Br.  Chalmers  as  we  should  the  war-horse  in  Job.  with 
feelings  which  almost  unfit  us  for  marking  his  port,  or  measuring 
his  paces:  'his  neck  is  clothed  with  thunder;  the  glory  of  his 
nostrils  is  terrible;  he  paweth  in  the  valley,  and  rejniceth  in  his 
strength.'  Such  a  champion  in  the  arena  of  spiiitual  warfare 
ought  to  be  hailed  with  acclamations,  and  heralded  by  every  loyal 
trumpet  on  the  walls  of /.ion." — Ojnoregatiorial  Magazine,. 

'■'•  Known  and  prized  throughout  Europe  and  America,  the  works 
of  Dr.  Clialnieis  have  taken  that  elevated  place  in  our  permanent 
national  lit.-ralui-e  whirh  must  always  command  for  them  the 
Btudy  and  ;idiiiir;itiiin  of  every  person." 

"As  specimens  ..f  s;icred  eloquence,  sound  philosophy,  and  as 
impressive  exhibitions  of  evangelical  truth  and  duty,  his  works 
will  doubtless  be  read  as  long  as  the  Knglish  language  is  under- 
stood."—Dr.  E.  Williams. 


Chalmers,  WiUiam,  M.D.,  d.  1702.  Con.  to  Med. 
Com.,  177;^. 

Chaloner,  Etlward,  D.  D.,  1590-1025.  educated  at 
Mii^dalen  Hall,  Oxfonl,  became  chaplain  to  James  I.,  and 
Principal  of  Alban  Hall.  Six  Sermons,  Lun.,  1623,  Svo. 
Sermon,  1624,  4to.     Six  Sermons,  Oxf.,  1629,  4tn. 

"Able  for  the  pulpit,  and  well  read  in  polemical  divinity,  as 
some  of  his  lucubratii"'ns  shew.  There  was  nothing  of  his  compo- 
sitiou  so  mean,  which  the  greatest  person  did  not  i  alue.'' — Athen. 
Oxon. 

Chaloner,  James,  d.  1661,  brother  of  the  preceding, 
was  educated  at  Brasenose  College,  Oxford.  I>c^ciiptiun 
of  the  Isle  of  Man,  printed  at  the  end  of  King's  Vale  Koyul 
of  Chc.'^hire,  Lon.,  1656,  fol. 

Chaloner,  Thomas,  brother  of  the  preceding,  waa 
educated  at  Exeter  College,  Oxford.  Political  Treatises 
relative  to  Charles  I.,  Lon.,  1646.  A  true  and  exact  Re- 
lation of  the  strange  iinding  out  of  Moses  his  Tomb,  in  a 
Valley  near  unto  Mount  Nebo  in  Pulestina,  &.C.,  Lou., 
1657,  Svo. 

"This  book  at  its  first  appearance,  made  a  great  noise,  and 
pnsled  the  Presbyterian  rabbles  for  a  time:  at  length  the  author 
thereof  being  known,  and  his  story  found  to  be  a  meer  sham,  the 
book  became  ridiculous." — Athcn.  Oxon. 

Chaloner,  Sir  Thomas,  1559-1615,  father  of  the 
three  preceding,  was  educated  at  Magdalen  College,  Ox- 
ford. Ho  was  a  great  favourite  with  King  James,  both 
before  and  after  Queen  Elizabeth's  death,  and  was  in- 
trusted with  the  education  of  Prince  Henry.  A  Short 
Discourse  of  the  most  rare  and  excellent  virtue  of  Nitre, 
Lon.,  15S4,  4to. 

''  In  this  he  discovers  very  considerable  knowledge  of  chemistry 
and  mineralogy." 

Chaloner,  Sir  Thomas,  1515?-156d,  educated  at 
Cambridge,  father  of  the  preceding,  was  sent  by  Queen 
Elizabeth  as  ambassador  first  to  tjlermauj',  and  subse- 
quently to  Spain.  He  was  distinguished  as  a  soldier,  a 
statesman,  and  an  author.  Tbe  Office  of  Servants,  from 
the  Latin  of  Cognatus,  Lon.,  154.'i.  Svo.  Trans,  from  St. 
Chrysostom,  1544,  Svo.  Trans,  of  Moriie  Encomium,  1549. 
In  Laudem  Henrici  Octavi,  Ac,  1560,  4to.  De  Republica 
Anglorum,  A^c. ;  libri  decem  ;  i.e.  of  tbe  Keforming  or 
Restoring  [right  ordering]  of  the  English  Republic,  1579, 
4to :  written  during  his  leisure  hours  during  his  Embassy 
to  Spain : 

"  At  a  time  when  he  spent  the  winter  in  a  stove,  and  the  sum- 
mer in  a  barn." — Preface  to  the  irnrl-. 

"AVritten  in  learned  and  elegant  Latin  verse." — Wood. 

Do  IHustrium  quorundum  encomiis  Miscellanea,  cum 
Epigramniatibus  ne  Epitaphiis  nonnulHs  ;  printed  with  the 
above.     A  Little  Dictionary  for  Children. 

"The  most  lively  imagination,  the  most  solid  judgment,  the 
quickest  parts,  and  the  most  unblemished  probity,  which  are 
commonly  the  lot  of  different  men,  and  when  so  dispersed  fr&- 
quently  create  great  chamcters,  were,  which  very  rarely  happens, 
all  united  in  Sir  Thomas  Chaloner;  justly  therefore  reputed  one 
of  the  greatest  men  of  his  time." — Biog.  Brit.;  quoted  from  Sir 
William  Cecil's  Eulogium. 

Chamber,  John,  d.  1549.  A  Treatise  against  Ju- 
dicial Astrologie,  Lon.,  1601,  4to. 

'•  lloughlv  handled  by  [fir  Christ.  Ileyden  in  his  Defence  of  Ju- 
dicial Astrology,  [Camb.,  IGOIJ,  4to."j 

Astronomiiv?  Encomium,  Latin  and  English,  1601,  4to. 

Chamberlain,  David.  Counterfeit  Money,  and 
Trade,  Ac.  1696,  4to. 

Chamberlain,  Chamberlen,  Chamberlayne, 
Hugh,  M.D.,  1664-1728,  known  as  the  inventor  of  an 
obstetric  forceps,  afterwards  improved  by  Smellie  and 
others,  was  educated  at  Trinity  College,  Cambridge.  His 
extensive  practice  enabled  him  to  amass  a  large  fortune. 
Midwife's  Practice,  Lon.,  1665,  Svo.  Practice  of  Physick, 
1664,  12mo.  Trans,  of  Mauricenus's  Midwifery,  1683. 
Manuale  Medicum,  1685,  12mo,  Queries  relative  to  the 
Practice  of  Physick,  1694,  12nio. 

Chamberlain,  John.     Blow  at  Infidelity,  ISOl,  Svo. 

Chamberlain,  John.  New  Testament  Church, 
Lon.,  ISmo. 

"  A  vast  deal  of  useful  matter  in  a  small  compass." — Baptist 
Mag..  4S20. 

Chamberlain,  or  Chamberliu,  Mason.  Poems, 
ISDO-dl.  8vM. 

Chamberlain,   or   Chamberlayne,  Robert,  b. 

1607.  Nocturnall  Lucubrations;  Epigrams  and  Epitaphs, 
Lon.,  1638,  16mo.  Swaggering  Damsel,  a  Comedy,  1640, 
4  to.     A  Pastoral. 

Chamberlain,  Robert.     ArithmeticalAYorks,  1679. 

Chamberlain,  Thomas,  D.D.     Serm.,  1730,  Svo. 

Chamberlain,  Thomas.  A  Help  to  Knowledge, 
Lon.,  1839,  12mo.    The  Theory  of  Christian  Worship,  Svo. 

"  A  volume  of  by  no  means  ordinary  sermons." — Guardian. 

Selected  Letters,  12mo.     Windsor^  a  Poem,  12mo. 

363 


CHA 

Chamberlaine,   or    Chamberlaync,   Edward, 

lf!l6-170;i.  a  iKitive  of  Gloucestershire.  w;is  edufatcd  at 
Oxford.  The  Present  AVar  paralleled,  1G47  :  1600,  with 
title  slightly  altered.  England's  Wants,  1667.  AnMiie 
Notitia,  or  the  Present  State  of  England,  &q.,  1668.  8vo ; 
many  edits. ;  the  first  20  of  which  were  pub.  by  Edward 
Ch.amberlaine,  and  the  rest  by  his  son.  Several  Theolog 
and  Political  Works. 

Chanibprlaine,  or  Chamberlain,  Henry.  His- 
tory and  .Survey  of  Loudon  and  Wcstiuiustor,  Lou.,  1769, 
'70,  fol.  ' 

"  An  inacrur.iff  public.ition." — Lowndes. 

Chamberlaine,  Jas.    Sacred  Poem,  Lon.,  1686,  Svo. 

Chamberlaine,nrChamberlayne,  John,  d.  1723, 
son  of  Enw.\iii)  C'hambrhlaixk.  (7...,)  was  educated  at  Trin. 
College,  Oxfor.I,  aud  distingni.-^hcd  as  a  lin-uist.  He  con- 
tinued his  father's  Angliie  Notitia.  and  pub.  some  trans- 
lations and  other  works,  of  which  we  notice,  A  Treasure  of 
Health,  from  the  Italian,  Lon.,  16S6,  Svo.  The  Eeli"ious 
Philosopher,  from  the  Dutch  of  Nieuwentyt,  1718,  s'vols. 
Svo;  and  Dissertations,  172.3,  fol.  Of  the  Notitia,  which 
saw  30  to  40  edits.,  Mr.  McCulloch  remarks,  referring  to 
the  want  of  good  statistical  works  at  that  period, 

'■  Its  statistical  information  is  mcigre  in  the  extreme;  hut,  .  .  . 
till  the  present  century,  there  were  none  better  by  which  to  supel^ 
Bode  it.' — Lit.  of  P'ilit.  Ec'mmny. 

Chamberlaine,  John.  Imitations  of  Original  Draw- 
ings, by  Hans  Holbein,  with  Biographical  Tracts  by  Ed- 
mund Lodge,  It  numbers  pub.  at  £37  16».,  Lon.,  1792- 
1800,  2  vols.,  atlas  fol. 

"  The  binjraphical  tracts  are  derived  from  no  common  sources, 
and  exhiliit  the  recondite  research  and  happiness  of  display  for 
whi(^h  Air.  Lnd;,^e  is  so  remarkable." — LoWiVOES. 

Other  publications  of  Engravings,  1797,  fol. 

Chamberlaine,  Joseph.  Alm.anac,  Lon.,1631,12mo. 

Chamberlaine,  ^fath.  Tr.actatus  de  Literis  et 
Lingua  Philosophica.  Duld..  1679.  4to. 

Chamberlaine, Richard.  Coniplcte.Tnstice,1681,Svo. 

Chamberlaine,  Itichard.  Lithobolica:  Stone- 
throwing  Devil.  Lon.,  16HS,  4to. 

Chamberlaine,  William,  Surgeon.  Professional 
Essays,  Lon..  17S4-1S1.1.     Con.  to  Mem.  Med.,  1789-99. 

Chamberlayne,  Uarth.     Sermons,  1613. 

Chaniberlayne,  Israel,  D.D.,  b.  1795,  N.  T.  The 
Past  and  the  Future.  Australian  Captive,  Ac.  Contributed 
extensively  to  various  Religious  and  Temperance  Journals. 

Chamberlayne,  Capt.  S.  E.  Court  Martial  on, 
1809. 

Chamberlayne,  or  Chamberlain,  or  Chamber- 
lane,  William,  1619-16S9,  a  n.ativo  of  Dorsetshire,  was 
a  soldier,  physician,  and  poet.  Love's  Victory ;  a  Trai'i- 
Comedy,  Lon..  1658,  4to.  A  portion  of  this  appeared  on 
the  Stage  in  1678.  under  the  title  of  Wits  Led  by  the  Nose, 
or  a  Poet's  Revenge.  Pharronida;  a  Heroick  Poem 
1659,  Svo. 

"  This  Poem,  though  it  hath  nothing  extraordinary  to  recom- 
mend it,  yet  appeared  abroad  in  Prose,  16S3.  under  the  Title  of  a 
Novel  called  Eromena,  or  The  Noble  Stranger."— Lunoiaiiie's 
Oram.  PoiUs. 

*'  Never,  perhaps,  was  so  much  beautiful  design  in  poetry  marred 
by  infelicity  of  execution  :  his  ruggedness  of  versification,  abrupt 
transitions,  and  a  style  that  is  at  once  slovenly  and  quaint,  per- 
petually interrupt  us  in  enjoying  the  splendid  figures  and  spirited 
passions  of  this  romantic  tablet,  aud  makes  us  catch  them  only  bv 
glimpses." — Cimciiell. 

Mr.  Campbell  exhumed  this  poet  for  a  season,  but  he 
seems  to  be  again  "quietly  jnurned." 

"  A  poet  who  has  told  an  interesting  story  in  uncouth  rhymes, 
and  mingles  sublimity  of  thought  and  beautv  of  expression"  with 

the  quaintest  conceits  and  most  awkward  invei-sinns." Southet: 

noteloJoan  of  Arc;  and  see  Cens.  T.it.;  and  Itetrosp.  Rev. 

Chamberlen,  Hugh,  M.D.  Papers  relating  to  a 
Bank  of  Credit  upon  Land  Security,  1693,  4t.o.  The  Con- 
stitution of  the  Office  of  Land  Credit  dechared  in  a  Deed 
by  H.  C.  and  others,  Lon..  1698.  12mo.  See  McCuUoch's 
Lit.  of  Polit.  Economy,  p.  160.  A  Few  Proposals  relative  to 
Land  Credit.  Edin.,  1700.  4to.     Petition  and  Proposals,  fol. 

Chamberlen,  Paul,  M.D.  A  Philosophical  Essay 
on  the  celelirated  Anodyne  Necklace,  Lou.,  1717,  4to. 

Chamberlen,  Paul.  History  of  the  Reign  of  Queen 
Anne,  Lon.,  1738.  Hist,  and  Antifp  of  the  Ancient  Egyp- 
tians, Babylonians,  Romans,  Assyrians,  Medes,  Persians, 
Grecians,  and  Carthagenians,  1738,  fol. 

Chamberlen,  often  spelt  Chamberlain,  Chambbr- 
LAiNE.  CiiAiiBEnLANE,  and  Chamberlayne;  all  of  which 
refer  to. 

Chamberlon,  Peter,  M.D.  Theolog.  and  political 
works,  11)48-62,  Ac. 

Chambers,  C.  H.  Legal  Treatises,  Lon.,  1819,  '23. 
See  Chambers,  Sir  Eobebt. 


CHA 

Chambers,  Charles.     Account  of  the  Earthquake  at 
Maileira.  Phil.  Trans..  1755. 
tiambcrs,  Chambrc,  or  Chalmers,  David,  a 

Scottish  historian,  judge,  and  lawyer,  1630-1592.  was  a 
native  of  Ro.ss,  and  educated  in  the  University  of  Aberdeen 
and  at  Bologna.  He  travelled  i.n  the  Continent  for  some 
time,  and  returning  home  in  1556,  took  holy  orders,  and 
was  presented  to  the  parish  of  Suddie,  of  which  he  was 
made  Chancellor.  He  was  an  adherent  of  Queen  Mary, 
who  in  1564  created  him  a  Lord  of  Session  by  the  title  of 
Lord  Ormond.  Ho  left  home  when  no  longer  aide  to  serve 
the  failing  cause  of  his  queen,  and  died  at  Paris.  He  as- 
sisted in  the  compilation  of  the  Scottish  Act  of  Parliament, 
(Black  Acts,  1566,)  and  was  employed  in  digesting  the 
Laws  of  Scotland.  Hist(dre  Abregee  de  tons  les  Roys  de 
France,  Angleterre,  et  Ecosse,  Ac,  Paris,  1579,  Svo. 

"  The  affairs  of  his  own  country  are  his  chief  subject,  and  what 
he  had  principally  in  view :  and  he  pretends  to  give  the  marrow 
of  whatever  had  been  offered  to  the  world  by  Veremund.  the  Black 
liook  of  Scone,  the  old  Chronicles  of  Icoliikil.  kc.  ^Vhereas,  in 
truth,  lioethius  is  his  main  author:  and  the  rest  are  only  orna- 
ments of  his  preface."— Bishop  NicoLSos:  ScoUish  Hist.  Library. 

La  recherche  des  Singularites  plus  Remarkables  concern- 
ant  le  Estat  d'Ecosse.  Discours  de  la  legitime  Succession 
des  Femmes  aux  Possession  de  lenr  Parens,  et  du  Gouvcrn- 
ment  des  Princesses  aux  Empires  et  Royaumes.  All  pub. 
at  Paris,  1679,  Svo.  Inter  soriptores,  16  a  Jebb,  Lon.,  1705 
torn.  i.  p.  1.  ' 

He  tells  us  that  the  work  upon  the  Succession  of  Women 
to  the  Inheritance  of  their  Parents  was  written  in  defence 
of  his  Royal  Mistress,  Queen  Mary.  Dempster  commends 
him  highly ; 

"  Sive  Camerarius  Abredonensis,  in  Qallias  celebri  admodum  no- 
mine vixit;  vir  multa  et  variie  lectionis.  nee  inamoeml  ingenii  "— 
^iifc  Tl/uctoi.-ic's  WriUrsof  the  Scots  Nution;  and  Vitus  in  kis  Hist. 

■■  It  appears  from  his  Works  that  he  wasaMan  of  great  lieading 
a  good  Divine,  an  eminent  Lawyer,  a  judicious  Historian,  a  lovii 
Subject,  and  well  seen  in  theOrcek.  Latin.  English.  French,  Itali.an, 
and  Spanish  Languages ;  but  especiallv.  it  is  much  to  be  admired 
that  he  .attained  to  such  Perfection  in  the  Prmch  Language,  that 
he  made  Choice  of  it  to  write  all  his  Works  in."— Mackenzie,  vbi 
supra.  ' 

Chambers,  Ephraim,  d.  1740,  author  of  the  well- 
known  scientific  Dictionary  which  bears  his  name,  was  a 
native  of  Kendal.  Westmoreland.  He  was  placed  with  Mr. 
Senex.  a  globe-maker,  as  apprentice,  and  was  encouraged 
by  his  master  in  his  taste  for  scientific  investigation.  After 
quitting  Mr.  Senex,  he  took  chambers  at  Gray's  Inn,  (his 
principal  residence  for  the  rest  of  his  life.)  and  assiduously 
devoted  himself  to  the  preparation  of  his  Dictionary,  the 
first  edition  of  which  appeared  in  172S.  2  vols,  fol.,  pub.  by 
a  subscription  of  four  guineas,  with  a  large  list  of  subscri- 
bers. The  value  of  Mr.  Chambers's  labours  was  handsomely 
acknowledged,  Nov.  6,  1729.  by  his  being  elected  F.R.S. 
A  second  edition,  with  corrections  and  additions,  was  pub. 
in  173S.  Mr.  C.  had  projected  a  new  work,  rather  than  a 
new  edition,  and  more  than  twenty  sheets  on  this  plan  were 
printed,  with  the  design  of  publishing  a  volume  yearly  until 
the  completion  of  the  whole.  But  tliis  plan  was  abandoned 
m  consequence  of  an  Act  then  agitated  in  Parliament, 
which  contained  a  clause  obliging  the  publishers  of  all  im- 
proved editions  of  books  to  print  their  improvements  sepa- 
rately. This  Bill  passed  the  Commons,  but  was  negatived 
in  the  House  of  Lords.  In  1739  a  third  edition  was  called 
for,  a  fourth  in  1741,  and  a  fifth  in  1746.  After  the  edition 
of  1,46  the  work  was  greatly  enlarged ;  first  by  Mr.  Scott 
and  Dr.  Hill,  afterwards  by  Dr.  Rees,  Lon.,  17S1-S6,  4  vols, 
fol.,  £11,  or  418  numbers  at  6rf.  each.  In  this  edition  the 
Supplement,  which  was  pub.  Lon.,  1755,  2  vols,  fol.,  and 
modern  improvements,  were  incorporated  in  one  alphabet. 
Dr.  Rees's  New  Cyclopedia;,  1803-19,  85  parts,  45  vols.  4to, 
is  an  invaluable  treasury  of  scientific  knowledge. 

Mr.  Chambers  was  also  concerned  in  the  Literary  Maga- 
zine, begun  in  1735,  and  in  a  trans,  and  abridgment  of  The 
Philosophical  History  aud  Memoirs  of  the  Roval  Academy 
of  Sciences  at  Paris,  Ac,  1742,  5  vols.  Svo.  The  following 
remarks  in  connexion  with  Mr.  Chambers's  great  work  are 
not  without  interest: 

"While  the  second  edition  of  Chambers's  Cyclopn'dia.  the  pride 
of  Booksellers,  and  the  honour  of  the  English  Nation,  was  in  the 
press,  I  lyent  to  the  author,  and  begged  leave  to  add  a  single  sylla- 
ble to  his  magnificent  work;  and  that  for  Cvclopa-dia.  he  would 
writ."  /:«( .v,l..|,.-,,,Ha.  To  talk  to  the  writer  of  a  Dictionary,  is  like 
talking  t"  the  wiiterofaM.agazine;  everv  thing  adds  to  his  parcel, 
I  we  quote  this  feelingly!]  and,  instead  of  contritiuting  one  sylla- 
tt  '*  ju"^  the  occasion  of  a  considerable  paragraph.  I  told'him 
that  the  addition  of  the  preposition  en  made  the  meaning  of  the 
word  more  precise;  that  Cyclopaedia  might  denote  the  instruction 
of  a  circle,  as  Cyrop,T;dia  is  the  instruction  of  Cvrus.  the  011  in  com- 
position, being  twined  in  0;  but  that,  if  he  wrote  Kncvclop.-edia 
it  determined  it  to  be  from  the  d,ative  of  Cyclus,  instruction  in  a 


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circle.  T  nrped.  secondly,  that  Vossius  had  observed  in  his  book 
d»i  VUiis  Sermoiiis,  that  ■  Cyclopa-dm  was  used  by  some  authors,  but 
Enryi'lnpadia  by  the  best.'  This  deserved  some  rej!:ard.  and  he 
paid  to  it  the  best  he  could :  he  made  an  article  of  his  title  to  jus- 
tify it." — W.  Buwyer:  Nic/ivls''s  Likrart/  Anecdotes,  v.  6G0. 

Bowyer  at  one  time  entertained  the  idea  so  happily  car- 
ried out  subsequently  by  Dr.  Rees — of  an  enlargement  and 
improvement  of  the  Cychipajdia — we  beg  his  pardon — £"- 
cyclopaedia.     Mr.  Clarke  thus  refers  to  it: 

"  Your  project  of  improving  and  conectinp;  Chambers  is  a  veiy 
good  one;  but,  alas!  who  can  execute  it?  You  should  have  as 
many  undertakers  as  profesFi-ms ;  nay,  perhiips,  asmany  Antiiiua- 
ries  as  there  are  different  branches  of  antient  learuiug.'* — Nichols's 
Lit.  Alter. :  ubi  sttpra. 

Chambers,  Goo.    Treat.  ao;ainst  Judicial  Astrology. 

Chambers,  Humphrey.  Serms..  ttc,  Lon.,  UU;i-55. 

Chambers,  J.     Harmony  of  the  Gospels,  ISl:^,  Svo. 

Chambers,  J,  D.  Legal  compilations  and  Treatises, 
Lon.,  lS:i2-42. 

Chambers,  John.  History  of  Malvern,  Worcest., 
1818,  Svii.  BiograpliiLal  Illustrations  of  Worcestershire, 
18111.  Svo. 

Chambers,  Itlariana.  He  Deceives  Himself ;  a  Do- 
mestic Tale.  1799,  '6  vnl^.  13ino.  The  School  for  Friends; 
Com.,  1801.  Svo.     Ourselves;  Com.,  1811.  Svo. 

Ch.imbers,  Peter.  They  must  needs  go  that  the 
Devil  drives;  or,  a  Whip  for  Traitors,  Lon.,  1652,  4to. 

Chambers,  Richard.     Petition  to  Parliament,  Lon., 

lOlli.   fnl. 

Chambers,  Richard.     Introduction  to  Arithmetic, 

1809.  Svo. 

Chambers,  Robert,  first  confessor  to  the  English 
Benedictine  Nuus  at  Brussels.  Miracles  lately  wrought  by 
the  Intercession  of  the  Virgin  Mary  at  Mont-aigu,  Antw., 
ICllfi.  Svo;  a  trans,  from  the  French.    Sernis., Lon., 1620. 4to. 

Chambers,    Robert,      See   William   and   Robert 

CHAMOKftS. 

Chambers,  Sir  Robert,  1737-1803,  Chief  Justice  of 
the  Sujireme  Court  of  Judicature  in  Bengal,  a  native  of 
Newc;istle-on-Tyae.  was  educated  at  the  University  of  Ox- 
ford, and  became  a  Fellow  of  University  College.  In  1762 
he  succeeded  Sir  William  Blackstone  as  Vinerian  Professor 
of  the  Laws  of  England,  and  filled  the  duties  of  this  ro- 
sponsihle  position  until  1774,  when  he  sailed  for  India, 
where  he  remained  for  twenty-five  years,  returning  to  Eng- 
land in  1799.  A  selection  from  his  lectures  delivered  at 
Oxford  was  pub.  in  1824,  Svo,  (edited  by  C.  II.  Chambers.) 
entitled  A  Treatise  on  Estates  and  Tenures. 

Chambers,  Sabin.  The  Garden  of  the  Virgin  Mary, 
St.  Om.,  ]:)19,  8vo. 

Chambers,  T.  and  G.  Tattersall.  Laws  relative 
to  Buildings,  etc.,  with  a  Glossary,  Lnn.,  1845,  12mo.  Me- 
tropolitan Building  Act,  7  and  8  Viet,  c.  84,  1845,  12nio. 
Mr.  C.  and  A.  T.  T.  Peterson  have  pub.  a  Treatise  on  the 
Law  of  Railway  Companies,  184S,  Svo. 

Chambers,  William,  D.D.  Scoticanas  Ecclesice  In- 
fantia  viriiis  vEtas  Seneetus,  Paris,  1643,  4to. 

Chambers,  William  and  Robert,  born  at  Peebles, 
Scotland,  the  first  about  1800,  the  second  about  1802,  are  not 
only  distinguished  as  eminent  public  benefactors  by  their 
■wide-spread  distribution  of  vnluable  knowledge,  but  also 
occupy  a  highly  respectable  position  in  the  ranks  of  authors. 
Mr.  Robert  Chambers's  first  work.  The  Traditions  of  Edin- 
burgh, was  pub.  in  1824,  and  met  with  immediate  and  de- 
served success.  In  1826  he  pub.  The  Popular  Rhymes  of 
Scotland ;  in  the  following  year  his  Picture  of  Scotland ; 
and  shortly  afterwards  three  volumes  of  histories  of  the 
Scottish  Rebellions,  two  of  a  Life  of  James  I.,  and  three 
volumes  of  Scottish  Ballads  and  Songs.  His  Biographical 
Dictionary  of  Eminent  Scotsmen,  in  4  volumes,  was  com- 
menced in  1832  and  concluded  in  1835.  This  work  elicited 
warm  commendation,  and  added  to  the  reputation  of  the 
intelligent  author.  (Revised  ed.,  1855,  5  vols.  Svo.  The 
5th  vol.  is  by  the  Rev.  Thomas  Thomson.) 

"There  is  not  a  pa^e  in  the  volume  that  can  be  pronounced  un- 
worthy of  the  undertaking;  which  will  form  a  Standard  Work  in 
Ihw  Literature  of  Scotland,  and  a  book  of  reference  in  every  li- 
brary throughout  the  British  dominions."— iVctw  Monthly  Mag. 

"  No  Scotsman  who  has  any  reverence  for  the  great  names  that 
have  done  honour  to  Scotland,  should  be  without  this  work,  if  he 
can  at  all  afford  to  purchase  it.'' — Glasgow  Free  Press. 

•*  It  is  a  standard  work,  and  honouniMe  to  every  library  in 
which  it  may  find  a  place." — JHetropoh'tan  Mug. 

*-  The  biographical  sketches  are  executed  in  the  author's  happiest 
manner, — characterized  by  that  unfailing  tone  of  kindness  and 
good-humour  which  is  the  finest  trait  both  in  his  character  and 
writings.  .  .  .  His  materials  are,  we  know,  abundant;  consisting 
not  only  of  collectious  which  he  had  for  years  been  silently  mak- 
ing, but  also  of  those  whk-h  his  publishers,  unaware  of  his  inten- 
tions, had  accumulated  for  a  similar  work." — Edinburgh  Literary 
Journal. 


In  18.30  Mr.  William  Chambers  gave  to  the  world  The 
Book  of  Scotland,  a  general  description  of  the  customs, 
laws,  and  institutions  of  that  part  of  the  United  Kingdom. 
In  1833  the  brothers  published  a  work,  the  result  of  their 
joint  labours — A  Gazetteer  of  Scotland.  In  1832  William 
projected  the  Edinburgh  (Weekly)  Journal,  which  imme- 
diately obtained  a  circulation  of  50,000,  and  by  1844, 
when  the  folio  was  exchiingcd  for  the  octavo  form,  90,000 
copies  were  required  to  supply  the  demand.  Complete 
gets  of  this  valuable  periodical  sometimes  occur  for  sale, 
and  should  be  procured  for  the  library  as  a  vaUial)le  repo- 
sitory of  instructive  and  entertaining  literature.  The 
success  of  this  Journal  induced  the  brothers  to  enter  into 
partnership.  The  results  of  this  union  are  seen  in  The 
People's  edition  of  Standard  English  Authors,  the  Educa- 
tional Course,  Chambers's  Miscellany.  Tracts,  Papers  for 
the  People,  Ac.  (See  Men  of  the  Time,  Lon.,  1853,  to 
which  we  are  indebted  for  many  of  the  above  facts.)  The 
Select  Writings  of  Robert  Chambers  have  been  pub.  in  7 
vols.,  the  fii'st  four  of  which  contain  his  E.^says.  In 
1844  Mr.  Robert  Chambers  pub.  a  work  which  claims  a 
far  higher  rank  than  any  preceding  comiiilation  of  the 
same  character.  This  was  A  Cyclopaedia  of  English  Lite- 
rature; A  Critical  and  Biographical  History  of  English 
Writers  in  all  departments  of  Literature,  illustrated  by 
Specimens  of  their  Writings,  2  vols.  r.  imp.  Svo.  It  is 
difficult  to  speak  too  highly  of  the  merits  of  this  compre- 
hensive and  judicious  work.  No  less  than  832  authors 
are  noticed,  and  the  specimens  presented  of  some  of  the 
choicest  treasures  of  English  lore  enable  the  reader  to  im- 
prove his  literary  taste  while  he  augments  his  biographical 
knowledge.  Researches  of  a  similar  character  may  per- 
haps entitle  us  to  give  an  opinion  in  the  premises,  and  we 
add  our  testimony  to  the  value  of  this  excellent  work,  and 
commend  it  to  the  attention  of  every  one  who  desires  an 
introduction  to  the  English  classics.  It  is  well  worth  four 
times  the  trifle  which  will  place  it  in  the  reader's  posses- 
sion. In  a  few  years  after  its  appearance,  130,000  copies 
were  sold  in  England;  and  there  has  been  a  large  sale  of 
the  American  reprint.     New  cd.,  with  additions,  1858. 

"  From  wliat  I  know  of  the  literary  reputation  and  writings  of 
Mr.  Hubert  Clianibers,  I  should  be  disappointed  if  he  were  not 
qualitied  for  the  task.  .  .  .  The  work  will  put  the  reader  in  the 
proper  point  of  view  for  surveying  the  whole  ground  over  which 
he  is  travelling." — Wiluam  II-  I'rescott. 

Information  for  the  People,  2  vols.  r.  imp.  Svo.  Also 
Amer.  ed.  Nearly  200.000  copies  of  this  work  have  been 
sold  in  Europe  and  America.  Life  and  Works  of  Burns. 
Domestic  Annals  of  Scotland,  1858,  2  vols,  demy  Svo. 
William  Chambers  is  the  authnr  of  A  Tour  in  Holland  in 
1833;  Things  as  They  Are  in  America;  Peebles  and  its 
Neighbourhood  :  Improved  Dwelling-Houses  for  the  Hum- 
bler and  Other  Classes  in  Cities;  American  Slavery,  &,q. 

We  beg  to  add  upon  our  own  account,  that  no  father  of 
a  family,  or  director  of  a  Li)>rary  Company,  should  be 
satisfied  until  the  whole  of  the  Messrs.  Chambers's  publi- 
cations are  procured.  We  commend  to  the  attention  of 
the  reader  an  excellent  article  in  the  Dublin  University 
Magazine,  entitled  William  and  Robert  Chambers,  in 
which  the  interesting  history  of  the  brothers  is  sketched 
with  a  graphic  pencil.     They  are  well  described  as 

"  Both  of  tbt-m  men  of  remarkable  native  power,  both  of  them 
trained  to  habits  of  business  and  punctuality,  both  of  them  up- 
held in  all  their  dealinf^s  by  strict  prud<.'nce  and  conscientiousness, 
and  both  of  them  practised,  according  to  their  different  aims  and 
tendencies,  in  literary  labour." 

'Oluch  of  Robert  Chambers's  leisure  time  has  been  devoted  to 
scientific  pursuits,  and  especially  to  geology, — the  result  of  which 
has  been  given  to  the  public  in  a  handsomely-illustrated  volume, 
entitled  Ancient  Sea-Margins  as  illustrative  of  Changes  of  the 
Rblative  Level  rf  Sea  and  Land.'' 

It  was  a  noble  resolve  announced  by  William  Chambers 
in  the  opening  address  of  the  Edinburgh  Journal: 

'■I  see  the  straight  path  of  moral  responsibility  before  me,  and 
shall,  by  the  blessing  of  God,  adhere  to  the  line  of  rectitude  and 
duty."' 

Chambers,  Sir  William,  1726-1706,  an  eminent 
architect,  of  Scottish  parentage — of  the  family  of  Chal- 
mers, of  Scotland,  Barons  of  Tartas  in  France — was 
born  at  Stockholm,  but  sent  to  England  when  two  years 
of  age.  He  pub,  two  volumes  of  Designs,  Ac,  1757,  '63, 
fol. ;  a  Dissertation  on  Oriental  Gardening,  1774,  4to;  and 
a  Treatise  on  Civil  Architecture,  1759,  fob;  4th  edit., 
edited  by  Joseph  Gwilt,  1825,  2  vols.  imp.  Svo.  Mr.  Pap- 
worth  also  has  edited  this  work. 

"The  most  sensible  book, and  the  most  exempt  from  prejudices, 
that  ever  was  written  upon  that  science." — Horace  Walpole. 

The  ITeroic  Epistle  to  Sir  William  Chaml)er9,  attributed 
to  Mason,  excited  much  attention  at  the  time  of  its  publi- 
cation. 

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Chambre,  Richard.     Sermons,  1710,  '11. 
Chambre,  Rowland.     Sevmon,  1759,  4to. 
Chambre,  Willelmus  de.     Historia  de  Episcopis 
Dunelmensis,  ab  anno  i;i33  ad  annum  1559,  cum  notis 
Hen.  Wharton.      Vide  Wharton's  Anglia  Sacra,  (i.  6S9,) 
Lon.,  1691,  2  vols.  fol. 

Chambres,  Charles.  Sermons,  1715,  '22,  '29,  '33. 
Chamier,  Frederick,  Captain,  R.N.,  b.  at  Londoa 
in  1796,  has  written  a  number  of  very  popular  works, 
which  have  been  complimented  by  a  translation  into  Ger- 
man. The  Life  of  a  Sailor,  1S34.  Ben  Brace,  1S35.  The 
Arethusa,  1S36.  Jack  Adams,  1S38.  Tom  Bowline,  1839. 
"One  of  the  most  characteristic,  spirited,  and  entertaininf;  illus- 
trations of  sea  life  that  our  recent  literature  has  furnished." — 
Xfaval  and  ilUilary  Gantic. 

*'  The  Kaval  Sketches  of  Chamier  are  truths  touched  slightly  by 
the  fingers  of  fiction." — ALL.i.N  Cunningham. 

Trevor  Hastings,  1841.  Passion  and  Principle,  1843. 
Other  works.  Captain  Chamier  was  in  Paris  during  the 
Revolution  of  1848,  and  pub.  a  Review  of  the  scenes  wit- 
nessed by  him,  in  2  vols.  8vo. 

*'  A  graphic,  most  excitiug  sketch,  overflowing  with  incident 
and  anecdote." — Lon.  Atlas. 

'•  Much  as  we  have  heard  about  tbe  French  Revolution,  this 
dashing  account  from  the  pen  of  an  eye-witness  of  no  common 
talent  or  powers  of  description,  will  gratify  no  small  share  of  pub- 
lie  curiosity." — Lrm.  Literary  Gazette. 

Chamier,  John.     Weather  at  Madras,  1787-88. 
Champney,  Anthony.     Vocation  of  Bishops,  Douay, 
1616,  4to. 

Champion,  Anthony,  1724-25-1801,  educated  at 
St.  Mary  Hall,  O.vford,  served  in  two  Parliaments,  1754 
and  1761.  A  collection  of  his  Miscellanies  in  Prose  and 
Verse,  English  and  Latin,  was  pub.  by  his  friend  William 
Henry,  Lord  Lyttleton,  in  1801,  8vo. 

'■  From  his  ^liscellanjes  it  is  discernible  that  he  was  a  polite 
scholar,  and  had  many  qualities  of  a  poet,  but  not  unmixed  with 
a  love  for  those  disgusting  images  in  which  Swift  delighted." 

Champion,  J.  The  Progress  of  Freedom  ;  a  Poem, 
Lon.,  1776,  4lo.  Poems  imitated  from  the  Persian,  1787, 
4to.  The  Poems  of  Ferdosi ;  trans,  from  the  Persian, 
1788,  4to;  1799. 

"  Ferdosi  is  the  Homer,  and  the  Shah  Nameh  the  Iliad,  of 
Persia." 

Champion,  Joseph,  b.  1709.  at  Chatham,  was  a 
celel>rated  penman.  He  pub.  a  number  of  manuals  upon 
penmanship.  1733-60. 

Champion,  Richard.  Reflections  on  G.  Britain, 
1787.  Svo  :  its  political,  commercial,  and  civil  state. 

Champlin,  James  Tift,  b.  1811,  in  Connecticut. 
Gr.iil.  Brown  Univ.  1834;  Prof.  Langunpes  Waterville 
Coll. ;  a  distinguished  classical  scholar.  English  Gram- 
mar. Greek  Grammar.  Translated  and  remodelled 
Kiihner's  Latin  Grammar;  Kiihner's  Latin  Exercises. 
Editor  of  Demosthenes  on  the  Crown  ;  .^schines  on  the 
Crown :  Popular  Orations  of  Demosthenes.  Review  of 
Grote's  Greece,  &c. 

Champney,  or  Champneis,  John.  Tbe  Harvest, 
(fee.  1548.  4to  ;  a  religious  work. 

Champney,  T.  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Reform, 
1797.  Svo. 

Chance,  Henry.  A  Treatise  on  Powers,  Lon.,  1831, 
2  vols.  8vo.  Suppl.,  bringing  the  Enactments  and  Cases 
down  to  1841;    1841,  8vo. 

"  It  is  profound,  learned,  and  practical,  more  full  than  Sir  E. 
Sugden's  work  upon  the  same  subject:  and.  perhaps,  in  some  in- 
stances, unnecessarily  diffu.se." — MarvWs  Legal  Bibl. 

Chancel,  A.  D.  Journey  over  Europe,  Lon.,  1714.  Svo. 
Chancy,  Charles.  His  Retraction,  Lon.,  1641,  4to. 
Chandler.  Debates  H.  of  Lords,  1660-1741.  Lon.,1752, 
8  vols. ;  in  H.  of  Commons,  1660-1741 ;  1752.  14  vols. 
Chandler,  B.,  M.D.  Med.  Essays,  1767,  '84,  Svo. 
Chandler,  Renjamin.  1.  Essay.  2.  Apology,  1714, 
2  vols.  Svo. 

Chandler,  Caroline  H.,  a  native  of  Philadelphia, 
formerly  Miss  Hieskill,  has  contributed  some  poetical  pieces 
to  the  periodicals. 

"They  evince  a  warm  and  impassioned  temperament,  ardent 
feelings,  aud  great  poetic  sensibility." — Mrs.  Hale's  }^imans  lieeord. 
Chandler,  Edward,  D.D.,  d.  1750;  educated  at 
Emanuel  College,  Cambridge;  Bishop  of  Lichfield.  1717; 
of  Durham,  1730.  Sermons  pub.  separately,  1707,  '10,  '15, 
'16, 'IS, '24;  a  Charge,  &c.  Defence  of  Christianity,  from 
the  Prophecies  of  the  Old  and  New  Testament ;  wherein 
are  considered  all  the  olijcctions  against  this  kind  of  proof, 
advanced  in  a  late  Disctuirse  on  the  grounds  and  reasons 
of  the  Christian  Religion,  [by  Anthony  Collins.]  Lon., 
1725.  Svo. 

"  X  very  elaborate  and  learned  work,  executed  with  great  judg- 
ment."— Da.  LEL-iND. 


A  Vindication  of  the  above  work,  1728,  2  vols.  12mo. 
Chandler,  Elizabeth  M.,  1807-1834,  a  native  of 
Debiware.     Poetical  Works  and  Essays,  with  a  Memoir  of 
her  Life  and  Character.  Philadelphia,  1836.    Many  of  Miss 
C.'s  Essays  are  of  a  philanthropic  character. 

Chandler,  Ellen  Louise,  b.  1835,  a  native  of  Pom- 
fret,  Connecticut,  commenced  contributing  to  periodicals 
when  only  fifteen  years  of  age.  Her  first  volume.  This, 
That,  and  the  Other,  was  pub.  in  May,  1854,  and  a  2d  edi- 
tion followed  in  the  ensuing  August.  See  Hart's  Female 
Prose  Writers  of  America. 

Chandler,  George,  Surgeon.  Treatise  on  a  Cataract, 
Lon..  175.i,  Svo.     Trent,  on  Diseases  of  the  Eye,  1780,  Svo. 
Chandler,  George,  LL.D.,  of  iSoutbam.     Eight  Ser- 
mons at  the  Bampton  Lecture,  1825,  O.xf.,  1825. 
Chandler,  Henry.     Sermons,  1699,  1718,  Svo. 
Chandler,  John.    Proceeds,  agst.  Quakers,  1662,  4to. 
Chandler,  John.     The  Small-Po.\,  Lon.,  1729,  Svo. 
Chandler,  John.     A  Treatise  on  a  Cold,  1761,  Svo. 
Chandler,  John.     Coasting  Directions,  1778,  4to. 
Chandler,  John.     Sir  Herljcrt;  a  Ballad,  ISOO,  Svo. 
Chandler,  John.     Hymns  and  Sermon,  1837,  '39. 
Chandler,  Joseph  R.,  b.  1792,  Kingston,  Plymouth 
CO.,  Mass.,  for  many  years  a  resident  of  Philadelpbia,  and 
formerly  its  representative  in  the  National  Congress,  is  a 
writer  of  no  ordinary  merit.    As  editor  of  the  LTnited  States 
Gazette,  he  wrote  many  miscellaneous  essays,  which  elicited 
general  admiration.     1.  A  Grammar  of  the  English  Lan- 
guage,  Phila.,   1821,  12mo,   pp.    ISO;    revised  ed.,   1847, 
12mo,  pp.  208.    2.  Address  before  the  Pennsylvania  Peace 
Society,   1829,   Svo.      3.  Masonic    Discourses,    1844,  Svo: 
delivered  whilst  Grand-Master  of  Pennsylvania.     4.  Ora- 
tion  before  the  Society  of  the  Sons  of  New  England  in 
1845,  Svo,  1846.     5.  Address  before  the  Franklin   Insti- 
tute, [Phila..]  1847,  Svo.     6.  Address  at  the  Girard  Col- 
lege in   1848.     7.  Social   Duties;    an   Address  before  the 
"  Girard  Brotherhood"  of  the  (iir.ard  College,  1855,  Svo. 
8.  Fourth  Celebration  of  the  Landing  of  the  Pilgrims  of 
Maryland ;    an   Oration,   1855,  Svo.     Also,  Speeches  de- 
livered in  Congress,  pub.  separately. 

Chandler,  Mary,  1687-1745,  a  native  of  Wiltshire, 
resided  at  Bath.     Poems,  Svo ;  several  edits. 

"Mr.  I'ope  visited  her  at  Bath,  and  complimented  her  for  her 
poem  on  that  place.  .  .  .  Mrs.  Rowe  was  one  of  her  particular 
friends." 

Chandler,  Mary  G.  The  Elements  of  Character,  16mo. 
Chandler,  Peleg  W.     The  Bankrupt  Law  of  the 
United    States,   Bost.    1842,    12mo.     American    Criminal 
Trials,  Bost.,  1844,  2  vols.  12mo. 

Chandler,  Richard,  D.D.,  1738-1810,  a  native  of 
Hampshire,  entered  of  Queen's  College,  0.\ford,  in  1755, 
was  sent  by  the  Dilettanti  Society  in  1764  to  travel  in  Asia 
Minor  and  Greece,  in  company  with  Revett,  the  architect, 
.and  Pars,  the  painter.  They  returned  to  England  in  1766. 
The  results  of  their  investigations  were  given  to  the  world 
by  the  Society  in  1769,  fol. ;  vol.  ii.,  edited  by  the  Society, 
1797,  fol.,  100  plates  and  vignettes.  In  1774,  fol.,  was 
pub.  Inscriptioncs  Antiquce,  Ac,  which  should  accompany 
Grutcr's  work.  Travels  in  Asia  Minor,  1775.  4to;  and  in 
Greece,  1776,  4to,  .and  in  1817,  2  vols.  4to;  and  (with  a 
Life  of  Dr.  C.)  by  Rev.  R.  Churton,  1835,  2  vols.  Svcf;  in 
French,  Paris,  1806. 

"  These  are  valuable  travels  to  the  antiquarian.  The  author, 
guided  by  Pausanias  (as  respects  Greece,  Sfrabo  for  that  country 
and  Asia  Minor.)  and  Pliny,  has  described  with  wonderful  accuracy 
and  perspicuity  the  ruins  of  the  cities  of  Asia  Minor,  its  temples, 
theatres,  Ac.'' — Slnensem's  Hist.  5AWc/i  nf  Discoverv.N.  and  C. 

History  of  Illiuin  or  Troy,  1802,  4to.  In  1763  he  edited 
the  Marmora  Oxoniensia,  Oxf.,  fol. ;  and  left  in  MS.  a  Life 
of  William  Waynllete,  which  was  pub.  in  1811,  Svo. 
Chandler, Samuel.  Tbcolog.  Discourses,&c.,1691,'99. 
Chandler,  Samuel,  D.D.,  1693-1756,  an  eminent 
Dissenting  minister,  a  native  of  Berkshire,  was  educated 
at  an  academy  at  Tewkesbury,  and  completed  his  studios 
at  Leyden.  In  1716  he  took  charge  of  a  Presbyterian 
congregation  at  Peckham.  Having  lost  his  fortune,  ho 
opened  a  book-store  in  London,  still  discharging  his  minis- 
terial duties.  He  was  highly  esteemed  through  life  for  bis 
learning  and  piety.  Of  his  many  publications,  1722-77, 
we  notice  the  following:  A  Vindication  of  the  Christian 
Religion;  in  two  parts,  Lon.,  1728,  Svo.  The  first  part 
contains  a  Discourse  on  Miracles,  the  2d  an  answer  to 
Tindal's  Discourse  on  the  Grounds  and  Reasons  of  the 
Christian  Religion.  Plain  Reasons  for  being  a  Christian, 
1730,  Svo.  A  Paraphrase  and  Crit,  Comment,  on  Joel, 
1735.  4to. 

"  The  criticism  is  not  of  a  high  order,  and  many  important  diffl- 
culticsiu  .loci  remain  untouched." — Obme. 
"  Critical  and  illustrative."— BiCKHislElll. 


CHA 


CHA 


Br.  C.  projected  a  commentary  iipnn  each  of  the  prn- 
phetieal  liouks.  A  Vindication  of  the  Hist,  of  the  Old  Testa- 
ment. 1741,  8vo.  This  was  an  answer  to  Morgan's  Moral 
Philosopher.  A  Critical  History  of  the  Life  of  David, 
1766,  2  vols.  Svo.  (The  Review  of  the  History  of  the  Man 
after  God's  own  Heart  was  puh.  in  1762.) 

"This  very  learned  and  valuable  work  contains  a  successful 
vindication  of  many  parts  of  David's  condnct  to  which  fxceptions 
have  been  taken  by  skeptics  and  unbelievers.  It  throws  great 
lio-ht  also  upon  many  of  thu  Psalms,  not  a  few  of  which  are  here 
presented  to  the  reader  in  a  new  and  iniproved  translation." — Dr. 
E.  Williams. 

"Chandler's  Life  of  David  is  more  critical  and  sober  in  judgment 
than  Delany's;  but  the  latter  has  finer  thoughts  and  more  taste. 
Chandler  too  much  palliates  David's  crimes." — Bickebsteth. 

'■  It  is  the  most  valuable  of  all  Chandler's  productions,  abound- 
ing with  solid  learning,  accurate  research,  and  many  important 
and  original  views.  ...  It  is  very  far  superior  to  the  work  of 
Delany  on  the  same  subject." — Orme  :  q.  v.  fur  the  cause  of  its  pub- 
lication. 

'•  A  book  above  all  praise.  It  was  occasioned  by  the  publication, 
in  17fi2.  of  a  vile  and  blasphemous  tract  entitled  The  History  of 
the  Man  after  God's  own  Heart.  Dr.  Chandler  has  illustrated  many 
of  the  Psalms  in  an  admirable  manner." — Horne, 

Sermons,  from  his  MSS. ;  with  Life,  &c.  hy  Amory, 
1768.  4  vols.  Svo. 

*•  A  vein  of  goodness  and  rational  piety  pervades  the  whole." — 
Xo7i.  Critical  Review. 

"  His  practical  discourses  are  excellent:  there  is  such  a  fulness 
of  thought  upon  every  subject  which  Dr.  Chandler  treats  as  is 
rarely  met  with  and  shows  a  mind  richly  furnished." — Lou.  Month. 
Mev. 

Mr.  White  pub.  in  1777,  4to,  from  Dr.  C.'s  MSS.,  his 
Paraphrase  and  Not«s  on  the  Epistles  to  the  Galatians 
and  Ephesians,  with  a  Orit.  and  Prac.  Comment,  on  the 
Epistles  to  the  Thessalonians. 

"The  author  adheres  most  closely  and  constantly  to  the  spirit 
of  the  original,"  Ac. — White. 

"  Dr.  Chandler's  sentiments  were  too  incorrect  on  some  im- 
portant subjects  to  leave  him  capable  of  doing  full  justice  to  Paul's 
Epistles.  He  was  an  Arian, — the  effects  of  which  appear  in  the 
unnatural  coldness  of  his  style  on  some  of  those  topics  which 
warmed  and  elevated  the  souls  of  holy  men  of  old,  as  well  aa  in 
his  perverted  interpretations  of  various  passages." — Orme. 

See  Home's  Introduc. ;  and  Lon.  Monthly  Rev.,  O.S., 
Ivi.  161. 

"He  was  not  a  man  of  strictly  evangelical  views;  but  he  pos- 
sessed great  learning,  very  strong  sensf,  iiilli.'xiMt.'  resolution,  and 
was  a  zealous  advocate  of  diviue  rev*-littinii.  His  four  volumes  of 
Sermons  are  well  worth  reading." — Dr.  E.  Williams. 

Chandler,  Thomas.  Vitre  Will.  Wickhami,  Episc. 
Winti.ini,  et  Thuma'  de  Beckintoua,  Episc.  Bath  et  Walleus. 
Vide  Wharton,  p.  355. 

Chandler^  Thomas  B.,  d.  1790,  aged  64,  a  native 
of  Connecticut,  was  an  eminent  Episcopalian  minister.  He 
wrote  several  works  in  favour  of  the  Episcopal  Church,  a 
sermon,  <fec..  puh.  1767-1805. 

Chandler,  William.     Sermon,  Lon.,  1682,  4to. 

Chaiiler,  Isaac,  17U1-1749.     Sermons,  Ac,  1704. 

Channel,  Elinor.  A  Message  from  God  to  the  Pro- 
tectt)r,  1651). 

Channing,  Edward  Tyrrel,  LL.D.,  1790-1856, 
brother  of  Dr.  Wm.  EUery  Chanuing.  and  Walter  Chan- 
ning,  M.D.,  (7.''..)  Prof,  of  Rhetoric  and  Oratory  in  Ha»- 
vard  College  from  1819  to  '61, — "where  the  exactness  of 
his  instruction,  his  cultivated  taste,  and  his  highly-disci- 
plined mental  powers  gave  him  an  eminent  reputation 
with  his  pupils."  He  edited  vols.  vii..  viii.,  and  ix.  of  the 
,N.  American  Review,  and  contrihuted  many  articles  to 
Buhsequent  volumes  of  that  journal.  He  is  the  author  of 
the  Life  of  his  grandfather,  William  Ellery,  in  Sparks's 
Amer.  Biog. ;  and  in  1856  was  puh.  his  Lectures  read  he- 
fore  the  Seniors  of  Harvard  College,  with  a  Biographical 
Notice  by  R.  H.  Dana,  Jr..  Bost.,  12mo. 

Channing,  John.  De  Variolis  et  Morbillis,  Arabice 
et  Latine,  cum  aliis  nonuullis  ejusdem  argument!,  Lon., 
irCfi,  8vo. 

Chanuing,  Walter,  M.D.,  b.  1786,  at  Newport,  R.L, 
son  of  Wm.  Channing,  a  distinguished  lawyer,  and  grand- 
son of  Wm.  Ellery,  who  was  a  member  of  Congress  1776- 
86  and  one  of  the  signers  of  the  Declaration  of  Inde- 
pendence. His  grandfather  and  father  held  offices  under 
commissions  from  Gen.  Washington.  He  is  a  brother  of 
Wm.  Ellery  Channing.  Educated  at  Harvard  Coll.,  and 
grad.  M.D.  at  the  Univ.  of  Penna.,  having  studied  in  the 
office  of  Prof.  Barton,  of  Phila.  Prof,  of  Midwifery  and 
Medical  Jurisprudence  at  the  Univ.  of  Cambridge.  1. 
Address  on  the  Prevention  of  Pauperism,  184.'^,  12mo.  2. 
Treatise  on  Etherization  in  Childbirth  ;  illustrated  by  581 
cases,  Bost.,  1S48,  r.  8vo,  pp.  400.  3.  Professional  Remi- 
niscences of  Foreign  Travel,  8vo.  4.  New  and  Old,  I80I, 
12mo.  5.  A  Physician's  Vacation ;  or.  A  Summer  in 
Europe,    1866,   Svo,   pp,  564.      Dr.  C.  is  the   author  of 


many  valuable  tracts,  essays,  and  discourses  on  medical 
subjects. 

Channing,William  Ellery,  D.D.,  1780-1842,  b.  at 
Nowjiort,  brother  of  the  preceding,  was  entered  of  Harvard 
College  when  fourteen  years  of  age,  and  graduated  with 
distinction  in  1798.  After  leaving  college  he  resided  for 
some  time  as  a  private  tutor  in  a  family  in  Virginia.  Se- 
lecting the  ministry  as  his  profession,  he  was  ordained  in 
June,  1803,  and  assumed  the  charge  of  a  cliurch  in  Federal 
Street,  Boston.  At  the  ordination  of  the  Rev.  Jared  Sjiarks 
in  Baltimore,  1819,  he  preached  a  sermon  on  the  Unitarian 
belief,  which  elicited  responses  from  a  number  of  the  advo- 
cates of  the  Trinity.  In  1823  he  pub.  an  Essay  on  Na- 
tional Literature,  and  in  1826  (in  the  Christian  Examiner) 
Remarks  on  the  Character  and  Writings  of  John  Milton. 
He  had  now  gained  an  extensive  reputation  as  a  literary 
man,  which  was  confirmed  and  strengthened  by  his  subse- 
quent productions, — of  which  may  be  mentioned  his  Re- 
marks on  the  Character  and  Writings  of  Feuelon,  (Chris- 
tian Examiner,  1829:)  Address  on  Self-Culture,  1838;  a 
work  in  opposition  to  Negro  Slavery,  1835;  and  Discourses 
on  the  Evidences  of  Revealed  Religion.  IHs  last  public 
address  was  delivered  at  Lenox,  Massachusetts,  August  1, 
1S42.  (two  months  before  his  decease,)  in  commemoration 
of  Emancipation  in  the  British  West  Indies.  See  Gris- 
wold's  Prose  Writers  of  America. 

The  first  collected  Amer.  ed.  of  his  works  was  pub.  in  Bos- 
ton in  1841,  5  vols.  12mo;  6th  ed..  1846,  6vols.  12mo;  Lon., 
1845,  6  vols.  Svo,  (edited  by  Joseph  Barker;)  last  Lon.  ed., 
1855,  cr.  Svo.  The  Essay  on  Milton  was  reviewed  with 
much  severity  by  Lord  Macaulny,  (Edin.  Rev.,  Ixix.  214;) 
but  Dr.  Channing's  literary  abilities  have  been  estimated 
highly  by  many  critics  on  both  sides  of  the  Atlantic. 

"  He  looks  through  the  external  furniB  of  things  in  search  of  the 
secret  and  mysterious  principles  of  thought,  action,  and  being, 
lie  takes  little  notice  of  the  varieties  of  manner  and  character  that 
form  the  favouiite  topics  of  tlie  novelist  and  poet.  Mind  in  the 
abstract,  its  nature,  properties,  and  destiny,  are  his  constant  theme. 
He  looks  at  material  objects  chiefly  as  the  visible  expressions  of 
the  existence,  character,  and  will  of  the  sublime  Unseen  Intelli- 
gence whose  power  created  and  whose  presence  informs  and  sus- 
tains the  universe."— A.  H.  Everett  :  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  Oct- 1835,  :J66. 
Read  Mr.  Everett's  comparison  {supra)  between  Chan- 
ning and  Washington  Irving.  See  also  Wm.  H.  Prescott's 
Miscellanies,  1855,  270. 

"From  the  appearance  of  hie  Disconrfe  on  the  Evidences  of 
Christianity — a  luminous  exposition — till  the  lamented  death  of 
this  eminent  man,  the  public  expectation  which  bad  been  raised 
so  liigh  by  the  character  of  his  earliest  performances  was  con- 
tinually excited  and  fulfilled  by  the  appearance  of  some  new  and 
earnest  expression  of  his  thoughts  on  themes  which  come  immedi- 
ately home  to  men's  business  and  bosoms, — religion,  govcrnnifnt, 
and  literature  in  their  widest  sense  and  application." — Retrospect 
of  the  Rcliffious  Life  of  England,  (by  John  James  Tayler,  B..\.) 

"Channing  is  unquestionably  the  first  writer  of  the  age.  From 
liis  writings  may  be  extracted  some  of  the  richest  poetry  and 
richest  conceptions,  clothed  in  language,  unfortunately  for  our 
literature,  too  little  studied  in  the  day  in  which  we  live." — 
Eraser's  Magazine. 

"  The  thoughts  that  breathe  and  the  words  that  burn  abound  in 
his  writings  more  than  in  those  of  any  modern  author  with  whom 
we  are  acquainted.  He  seems  to  move  and  live  in  a  pure  and  ele- 
vated atmosphere  of  his  own.  from  which  he  surveys  the  various 
interests  of  society  and  pronounces  on  them  a  just  and  discrimi- 
nating judgment." — India  Gazette. 

Other  notices  of  Dr.  Channing's  writings  will  be  found 
in  Westm.  Rev.,  vols,  x.,  xii.,  I.,  (by  Rev.  James  Mar- 
tineau ;)  Edin.  Rev.,  I.,  Ixix. ;  Eclec.  Rev.,  4th  Sen.  xxiv.; 
Lon.  Month.  Rev.,  cxv. ;  Blackw.  Mag.,  xviii. ;  Eraser's 
Mag.,  xvii.,  xvlii. ;  Amer.  Quar.  Rev.,  xvi. ;  Method. 
Quar.  Rev.,  ix.,  (by  A.  Stevens;)  Mass.  Quar.  Rev.,  i. ; 
Bost.  Chris.  Exam.,  iv.,  (by  A.  Norton,)  xiv.,  (by  0. 
Dewey,)  xxviii.,  xxxiii.,  xlv.,  (by  W.  H.  Furuess;)  Bost. 
Liv.  Age,  xix. ;  N.  York  Lit.  and  Theolog.  Rev.,  i.,  (by  L. 
Withington,)  iii.,  (by  E.  Pond;)  N.  York  Eclec.  Mag.,  xv.; 
Democrat.  Rev.,  ix.,  xi.,  xii.,  (by  George  Bancroft;)  South. 
Lit.  Mess.,  iv.,  vi.,  xv.,  (by  H.  T.  Tuckerman  ;)  New  Eng- 
lander,  viii.;  Phila.  Mus.,  xvi.,  xxxv. 

Memoir  of,  with  Extracts  from  his  Correspondence  and 
Manuscripts;  edited  by  his  nephew,  William  Henry  Chan- 
ning, Boston,  1848,  3  vols.  12mo;  Lon.,  1850,  2vols.  12mo. 
"This  is  a  valuable  contribution  to  literature.    We  recommend 
it  to  all  who  take  an  interest  in  such  subjects." — Lon.  Athenseum. 

"  It  is  a  work  of  high  merit,  and  in  many  respects  of  deep  inte- 
rest."— Lon.  Examinnr. 

"Every  page  teems  with  thought." — Brit.  Quar.  Rev. 

Channing,  William  EUery,  nephew  of  the  pre- 
ceding, and  son  of  Dr.  Walter  Chanuing.  Poems:  Ist  Ser., 
Bost..  1843 ;  2d  Ser.,  1847.  Youth  of  the  Poet  and  Painter: 
a  Series  of  Psychological  Essays,  pub.  in  The  Dial,  1844. 
Conversations  in  Rome  :  between  an  Artist,  a  Catholic,  and 
a  Critic,  1847.     The  Woodman,  and  other  Poems.  1849. 

367 


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"There  ia  much  originality  and  a  fine  rein  of  reflection  ia  both 
this  author's  prose  and  \erse."~Du>/cl'incJcs'  Cyc. 

Chaiiiiing,  William  Francis,  M.D.,  son  of  Dr. 
"William  Ellery  Channing,  b.  1820,  at  Bogton.  1.  Davis's 
Manual  of  Magnetism,  1S41,  12mo.  2.  Not«s  on  the  Medical 
Application  of  Electricity,  Bost.,  1S49,  12mo.  3.  The  Ame- 
rican Fire- Alarm  Telegraph;  a  Lect. before  the  Smithsonian 
Institute,  1865.     Contributed"  to  Silliman's  Jour.,  &c. 

Channing,  William  Henry,  nephew  of  Dr.  Wm. 
Ellery  Cbanning,  and  son  of  Francis  Dana  Channing, 
graduated  at  Harvard  College  1S29,  and  the  Cambridge 
Divinity  School,  1833.  1.  Memoirs  of  the  Rev.  James  H. 
Perkins,  Bost.,  1851,  2  vols.  12mo.  2.  Joutfroy's  Intro- 
duction to  Ethics,  including  a  Critical  Survey  of  Moral 
Systems ;  translated  for  Mr.  Ripley's  Series  of  Specimens 
of  Foreign  Literature,  Bost.,  1840.  3.  Memoir  of  \yilliam 
Ellery  Chauning,  with  Extracts  from  his  Correspondence 
and  Manuscripts,  Bost.,  1848,  3  vols.  12mo.  4.  On  the 
Christian  Church  and  Social  Reform :  see  Brownson's 
Quar.  Rev.,  2d  Ser.,  iii.  209,  438,  5.  With  R.  "W.  Emer- 
son and  J.  F.  Clarke,  Boston,  Memoirs  of  Margaret  Fuller 
Ossoli :  see  Ossuli,  Marchesa  d'. 

Chanlrell,  Mary  Ann.     Poems,  1748,  Svo. 

Chapiii,  Alonzo  U.,  D.D.,  1S08-1858,  a  native  of 
Somers,  (.'onu.  ;  practised  law  six  years ;  entered  the 
ministry  1838.  Classical  Spelling-Book.  Primitive  Church, 
1845.  Gospel  Truth.  Puritanism  not  Protestantism,  1847. 
Hist,  of  Glastonbury,  1853,  8vo.  Author  of  many  pamph- 
lets on  religious  subjects.  Contributed  to  Knickerbocker, 
Chris.  Spect.,  Amer.  Quar.  Rev..  N.T.  Rev.,  Church  Rev.,  Ac. 

Chapin,  E.  H.,  D.D..  b.  1814,  in  the  State  of  New 
York ;  a  distinguished  pulpit-orator.  1.  Hours  of  Com- 
munion. 2.  Characters  in  the  Gospels.  3.  Discourses  on 
the  Lord's  Prayer.  4.  Crown  of  Thorns.  5.  Token  for  the 
Sorrowing.  6.  Moral  Aspects  of  City  Life.  1853.  7.  Hu- 
manity in  the  City,  1854.  8.  Christianity  the  Perfection 
of  True  Manliness,  1855,  12mo.     Other  works. 

Chapin,  Walter.    Missionary  Gazetteer,  1825,  12mo. 

Chapin,  Wm.    Gazetteer  U.  States,  N.Y.,  1839,  12mo. 

Chaplin,  Daniel,  of  Mass.     Sermons,  1802-08. 

Chaplin,  Ebenezer,  ofMass.  Serras.,  <tc.. 1772-1802. 

Chaplin,  Mrs.  Jane  D.,  b.  in  Mass.  The  Convent 
and  the  Manse.  12mo.    Green  Leaves  from  Oakwood,  18rao. 

Chaplin,  Rev.  Jeremiah,  b.  1813.  in  Mass.  Even- 
ings of  Life,  12mo.     Riches  of  Bunyan,  12mo,  &c. 

Chaplin,  William.     Sermons.  1820,  '2fi,  Svo. 

Chapman,     Sermons,  Oxf.,  1790,  2  vols.  Svo. 

Chapman,  Alex,     Sermon,  Lon.,  1010. 

Chapman,  Edmnnd,  Surg.   Med.  treatises,  1737,  '59. 

Chapman,  Kdw.    Materia  Medica,  Edin.,  1850, 12mo. 

Chapman,  Rev.  F.  W,  The  Chapman  Family: 
The  Descendants  of  Robert  Chapman,  of  Saybrook,  Conn., 
Hartford.  1854,  Svo. 

Chapman,  George,  1557-1634.  supposed  to  have 
been  a  native  of  Kent,  was  entered  when  17  of  Trinity 
College,  Oxford,  where  he  was  distinguished  for  his  know- 
ledge of  the  Greek  and  Latin  authors.  On  leaving  college 
he  cultivated  a  friendship  with  Shakspeare,  Spenser,  Da- 
niel, and  other  eminent  poets  of  tho  day.  His  first  pub- 
lication was  Ovid's  Banquet  of  Sauce,  1595,  4tn,  to  which 
was  added  The  Amorous  Contention  of  Phillis  and  Flora. 
After  this  he  pub.  many  poetical  and  dramatic  pieces  of 
greater  or  less  merit,  for  a  detailed  account  of  which  we 
must  refer  the  reader  to  Lowndes's  Bibl.  Man. ;  War- 
ton's  Hist,  of  Eng.  Poetry;  Wood's  Athen.  Oxon. ;  Lang- 
baine's  Dramatick  Poets;  and  the  Retrospective  Review, 
■/ols.  iv.  and  v.,  1821-22.  He  is  now  best  known  by  his 
.rauslation  of  Homer, — the  first  into  English.  He  pub.  in 
1596,  4to,  The  Shield  of  Achilles;  and  in  the  same  year 
.'even  books  of  the  Hiad  appeared.  The  entire  transla- 
vion,  with  comments,  followed,  printed  by  N.  Butter,  in  a 
folio  without  date,  supposed  to  bo  about  1600.  This 
translation  has  elicited  warm  commendation  and  censure 
equally  decided.  Waller,  Dr.  Johnson.  Godwin,  Hallam, 
Lamb,  and  Coleridge  are  among  his  admirers.  Pope,  whilst 
admitting  his  defects,  considers  that  he  covers  them  by 

"A  d.iring,  fiery  spirit,  that  animates  his  translation,  which  is 
somethiii;;  like  wliat  one  might  imagine  Homer  himself  to  have 
written  before  he  arrived  at  years  of  discretion." 

The  seholars  of  Chapman's  day  were  greatly  delighted 
with  wh;it  they  looked  upon  as  a  credit  to  tho  brotherhood : 

'•  At  which  time  Chapman  was  highly  celebrated  among  scholars 
for  his  hrave  hiiig^iage  in  that  translation.  I  mean  of  those  Iliads 
that  aro  translated  into  teeter  ad  ecca  syllabous,  or  lines  of  fourteen 
eyllables." — Athe.n.  Oxon. 

'•  He  has  by  no  means  represented  the  dignity  or  the  simplicity 

of  Uonier.      He  ia  sometimes  paraplirastic  and   redundant,  biit 

more  frequently  retrenclies  or  impoverishes  what  he  could  not  feel 

and  express.    In  the  mean  time,  ho  labours  with  the  inconvenience 

36S 


of  an  awkward,  inharmonious,  and  nnheroic  measure,  imposed  by 
custom,  but  disgustful  to  modern  ears.  Yet  he  is  not  always  with- 
out strength  or  ppirit.  He  has  enriched  our  language  with  many 
C'linp.iiind  ■■pitliets,  so  much  in  the  manner  of  Honn.T.  such  as  the 
silvfr^jiiiA-d  Tln'tis,  the  silver-throyied  Juno,  the  triple-feathered 
beinu',  tlie  fn't/h-iralleil  Thebea,  the  /air-haired  hoy,  the  xih'er-Jlow- 
ni'j  MiiOiis.  tlif  hiifjeJy-penpled  towns,  tlie  Grecians  navii-bound,  the 
stroiig-wuiijol  lance,  and  many  more  which  might  be  collected." — 
Warton''s  Hist,  of  English  Poetry. 

The  Rev.  R.  Hooper  haS;pub.  new  eds.,  with  Notes,  Ac, 
of  translations  by  Chapman,  viz. : — Homer's  Hiads,  with 
Life  of  Chapman,  1857,  2  vols.;  Homer's  Odysseys,  1857, 
2  vols. ;  Homer's  Batrachomyomachia,  Hyiuns,  and  Epi- 
grams. Hesiod's  Works  and  Days,  Musaeus's  Hero  and 
Leander,  and  Jurenal's  Fifth  Satire,  1858,  1  vol. 

Eastward-Ho — the  joint  production  of  Chapman,  Ben 
Jonson,  Marston,  and  Martin — was  pub.  in  1605,  4to.  We 
notice  it  especially  in  order  to  give  an  amusing  specimen 
of  Langbaine's  deference  to  "rare  Ben:" 

"  I  can  give  liim  no  greater  commendation  than  that  he  was  bo 
intimate  with  the  famous  Johnson  [sic]  as  to  engage  in  a  Triimi- 
virate  with  Him  and  Marston  in  a  Phiy  called  ikistward-Ho, — a 
Favour  which  the  haughty  Ben  could  seldome  be  perswaded  to."— 
DramaticJc  J\iets. 

The  reflection  upon  the  Scots  got  the  authors  into  trou- 
ble. In  1611  appeared  his  May-Day,  a  wittie  Comedy,  in 
which  ''a  man  of  the  highest  literary  taste  for  the  pieces 
in  vogue  is  characterized"'  as  "one  that  has  read  Marcus 
Aurelius.  Gesta  Romanorum,  the  Mirrour  of  Magistrates, 
&c."  Am'ing  Chapman's  other  works  were  Bussy  d'Am- 
bois.  The  Widow's  Tears,  a  version  of  the  Odyssey,  of  the 
Batrachomyomachia,  and  the  Hymns  and  Epigrams,  a 
trans,  of  Musaeus,  1616.  and  the  Georgicks  of  Hesiod,  1619. 
Warton  remarks  that  his  eighteen  plays, 

"  Although  now  forgotten,  must  have  contributed  in  no  incon- 
siderable degree  to  enrich  and  advance  the  Enghsh  stage."— //is*. 
of  Emjlish  I'oetry. 

"Webster,  his  fellow-dramatist,  praises  his  full  and  heightened 
Btjde, — a  character  winch  he  does  not  deserve  in  any  favourable 
sense;  for  his  diction  is  chiefly  marked  by  barbarous  ruggedness, 
false  elevation,  and  extravagant  metaphor.  Tlip  dnuna  owes  him 
very  little:  his  Bussy  d'Ambois  is  a  piece  of  frigid  atrocity;  and 
in  'The  Widow's  Tears,'  where  his  heroine  Cynthia  falls  in  love 
with  a  sentinel  guarding  the  corpse  of  her  husband,  whom  she 
was  bitterly  lamenting,  he  has  dramatized  one  of  the  most  puerile 
and  disgusting  legends  ever  fabricated  for  tlie  disparagement  of 
female  cnnstancy." — Campbell  :   Lives  of  the  Poets. 

Chapman,  George,  172:-.-lS06.  a  Scottish  school- 
master. Treatise  on  Education,  Edin..  1773,  8vo ;  many 
edits.  Hints  on  Education,  &c.  Advantages  of  a  Classical 
Education,  &c.  Abridgment  of  Ruddiman's  Rudiments 
and  Latin  Grammar.    East  India  Tracts,  Ac,  1805,  12mo. 

Chapman,  George  T.  Sermons  on  the  Episcopal 
Church.  isi^S;  3d  ed.,  ISU.  12rao.     Do.  to  Presbyterians. 

Chapman,  H.  T.  I.Atlas  of  Surgical  Apparatus,  Lon., 
4lo;  text,  , Svo.  2.  Ulcers  of  the  Legi  1848,  p.  8vo.  3.  Vari- 
cose Veins.  1856,  p,  8vo. 

Chapman,  Henry.  Thermce  Rediviva:  the  City  of 
Bath  Described.  L-m..  1673.  4to. 

Chapman,  Isaac.     Hist,  of  Wyoming,  1830,  12mo. 

Chapman,  James.     Tho  Orator,  &c.,  1804-13. 

Chapman,  Jane  Frances.  King  Eric  and  the  Out- 
Iaw.s ;  troui  the  Danish  of  Ingemaun.  3  vols.  p.  Svo. 

Chapman,  John,  1704-1784,  educated  at  Eton  and  at 
King's  College,  Cambridge.  Archdeacon  of  Sudbury,  1741, 
pub.  several  classical  and  theological  works.  An  Answer 
to  Collins,  Cantab.,  1728,  8vo.  Remarks  on  MiJdleton's 
Celebrated  Letter  to  Dr.  Waterland,  1731.  Eusebius : 
against  Morgan  and  Tindal,  1739,  8vo.  Sermons,  1739, 
'43.  '48,  '52.  De  iEtate  Ciceronis  Librorum  do  Legibus, 
1744.  Chapman  was  a  close  student  of  Cicero  :  he  gained 
great  credit  by  his  position  that  the  illustrious  orator  pub. 
two  edits,  of  his  Academics  ;  and  he  corrected  Middleton  in 
some  errors  which  he  had  committed.  Letter  to  Dr.  Middle- 
ton,  1744.  A  Charge.  1746.  Miscellaneous  Tracts  relating 
to  Antiquity,  with  Addits.,  1743,  8vo.  A  View  of  the  Ex- 
pediency and  Credibility  of  Miraculous  Powers  among  the 
Primitive  Christians  after  the  Decease  of  the  Apttstlcs, 
1752,  4to.  His  Case  against  Dr.  Richardson,  f(d.  Middle- 
ton  attacked  his  Charge  to  the  Clergy.  See  Nichols's  Lite- 
rary Anecdotes,  and  Bishop  Warburton's  Correspondence. 

Chapman,  John,  Surgeon.  Con.  to  Ann.  of  Med., 
171HI :  Mc.l.  and  Phys.  Jour.,  1800. 

Chapman,  John,  editor  of  the  Westminster  Review. 
Characteristics  of  Men  of  Genius;  selected  chiefly  from 
the  North  American  Review,  Lon.,  1847,  2  vols.  Svo. 

"They  are  essays  which  wnuld  do  honour  to  thu  literature  of 
any  country." — Westminster  Hevicw. 

Other  publications. 

Chapman,  John.  The  Cotton  and  Commerce  of 
India  Con.sidcred,  Lon.,  1851,  Svo.  Various  articles  in 
the  London  quarterlies. 


CHA 

Chapman,  J.  G.,  of  New  York.  American  Draw-  I 
m<;-Book,  N.  York,  4to :  originally  pub.  in  numbers. 

'•  It  is  the  best  work  of  its  claaa  that  I  have  ever  eeen.    Clear  < 
and  simple  in  its  luutliod.  it  adapts  itself  to  every  degree  of  capa- 
city and  insures  most  siitisfactory  results  to  all." — A.  B.  Ddrand, 
Esq.,  Presifhmt  of  the  National  Academy  of  Design. 

The  Amateur's  Drawing  Manual,  and  Basis  of  Study 
for  the  Professional  Artist,  1858,  4to. 

'•This  American  work,  though  occasionally  verbose  and  re- 
dundant, is  one  of  the  most  comprehensive  books  of  instruction 
thiit  has  yet  been  published.  It  deals  with  ;irt  in  a  workmanlike, 
honest,  wide,  exhaustive  way,  and  rises  far  bcyuiid  tlie  prettinesees 
of  dilettantism  into  the  purer  air  where  the  Old  Masters  ait,  high 
and  apart." — L^n.  Athen.,  July   17,  1858. 

Chapman,  Nath.,  M.D.,  d.  July  1,  1853.  aged  74, 
Prof,  in  Univ.  of  Penna.,  and  Pres.  of  Amor.  Philos.  Soc.  ; 
an  eminent  physician  of  Philadelphia.  Eruptive  Fevers, 
Phila.,  8vo.  Thoracic  Viscera,  1844,  8vo.  Lects.  on  Fevers, 
Dropsy,  Gout,  Rheumatism,  ic,  8vo.  Elements  of  Thera- 
peutics and  Materia  Medica,  2  vols.  8vo.  Compendium  of 
his  Lectures  by  Benedict.  Dr.  C.  pub.,  in  1807-08,  5  vols. 
8vo,  Select  Speeches,  Forensick  and  Parliamentary,  with 
Prefatory  Remarks.  See  Discourse  on  Dr.  C,  by  S.  Jack- 
son, M.D.,  1854.  8vo;  Carpenter.  Stephen  Ctllen. 

Chapman,  Richard.     Serms..  1703,  04,   09. 

Chapman,  Richard.  Greek  Harmony,  Lon.,  1836, 
4to.  In  this  the  arrangements  of  Newcome,  Townsend, 
and  Grcswell  arc  incorporated,  with  Notes. 

Chapman,  Samuel,  surgeon.  Profess.  Essays, 
1751.  '70. 

Chapman,  Samnel.     Serms.,  1815,  3  vols. 

Chapman,  Stephen.     Serm.,  Oxf.,  170.^,  4to. 

Chapman,  Thomas,  D.D..  1717-1760,  Master  of 
Magdalen  College,  was  educated  at  and  Fellow  of  Christ 
Church,  Cambridge.  Essay  on  the  Roman  Senate,  Camb., 
1750,  8vo.  He  agrees  with  Dr.  Middleton.  Hooke  takes 
them  hoth  to  tn.sk  in  his  Observations,  &q.,  1758,  4to. 

*■  Chapman  died  in  the  flower  of  his  life  and  fortune.  I  knew 
him  formerly  very  well.  lie  was  in  his  nature  a  vain  and  busy 
man." — Bishop  lIuriD. 

Chapman,  Thomas.  Cyder-maker's  Instructor,l757. 

Chapman,  VV.  The  Parriad,  Lon..  1788,  4to.  This 
was  addressed  to  Dr.  Parr  upon  "his  elegant  but  illiberal 
preface"  to  Bellenden. 

Chapman,  W.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1798,  8vo. 

Chapman,  William.    Canal  Navigation,  1797-1805. 

Chapman,  William.  Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1758; 
distilling  from  Sea  Water  ;  Fossil  Bones  of  an  Alligator. 

Chapman,  Sir  William.  Inventory  of  bis  Lands, 
Ac,  1721,  fol.     His  Petition  to  the  H.  of  Commons. 

Chapone,  Hester,  1727-1801,  was  a  daughter  of 
Thomas  Jlulso,  Esq.,  of  Twywell  in  Northamptonshire. 
Her  literary  taste  was  developed  at  an  early  age;  as  it  is 
asserted  that  when  only  nine  years  old  she  composed  a 
romance  entitled  The  Loves  of  Amoret  and  Melissa.  At 
the  house  of  Samuel  Richardson,  the  novelist,  she  met 
with  Mr.  Chapone,  a  lawyer,  to  whom  she  was  married  in 
1760.  after  a  long  engagement  Mr.  C.  lived  but  ten 
months  after  his  marriage.  She  was  the  intimate  friend 
of  Elizabeth  Carter  for  more  than  fifty  years,  and  had  the 
courage  to  argue  with  the  redoubted  Dr.  Johnson.  In 
1753  she  contributed  to  the  Adventurer  the  story  of  Fide- 
lia. See  Nos.  77,  78,  79.  "When  Elizabeth  Carter's  trans, 
of  Epictetus  was  pub.  in  1758,  Mrs.  Chapone  prefixed  an 
ode  to  the  work.  Her  letters  on  the  Improvement  of  the 
Mind,  addressed  to  her  niece,  were  pub.  in  1773,  2  vols. 
12mo,  (and  1801,  8vo  ,■)  and  two  years  later  appeared  the 
Miscellanies  in  Prose  and  Verse ;  many  of  these  were  the 
compositions  of  her  earlier  days.  Her  Letter  to  a  new- 
married  Lady  was  pub.  in  1777,  12mo.  Miss  Mulso — for 
she  was  then  unmarried — contributed  four  billets  in  the 
10th  No.  of  the  Rambler. 

Johnson  complains  to  Mrs.  Thrale  : 

''You  make  verses,  and  they  are  read  in  public,  and  I  know 
nothing  about  them.  This  very  crime,  I  think,  broke  the  link  of 
amity  bftween  Rithardson  and  Miss  M.  [ulsoj  after  a  tenderness 
and  confidence  of  many  years." — April  18,  1780. 

We  have  already  referred  to  Dr.  Johnson's  letter  to  Mrs. 
Chapone,  giving  his  opinion  of  the  Earl  of  Carlisle's  Fa- 
ther's Eevenge,  {q.  v.) 

Her  Posthumous  Works,  including  Correspondence  and 
some  pieces  not  before  printed,  were  pub.  in  1807,  2  vols. 
12mo  ;  2d  edit,  1808.  Her  poetry  has  been  much  admired, 
and  the  Letters  on  the  Improvement  of  the  Mind  have 
proved  extensively  useful. 

**  Although  more  than  sixty  years  have  elapsed  since  this  work 
was  first  published,  its  advice  does  not  even  yet  appear  anti- 
quated: and  is  as  well  calculated  to  improve  the  risini^  generation 
as  it  was  to  instruct  the  youth  of  their  grandmothers." — Mas. 
Elwood. 

24 


CIIA 

Chappel,  Bart.   Garden  of  Prudence,  Lon.,  1595,  8vo. 

''The  commentators  on  .Shakspeare  may  add  to  their  notes  on 
Romeo  and  Juliet  that  'griping  grief  occurs  more  than  once 
among  the  metre." — RcstHuta,  ii.  503.  q.  i\ 

This  rare  work  is  priced  iu  Bibl.  Anglo-Poet,  £25. 

Chappel,  R.      Universal  Arithmetic,  Lon.,  1793,  8to, 

Chappel,  Samuel.  A  Diamond,  or  Rich  Jewel, 
presented  to  the  Commonwealth  of  England,  Lon.,  1650, 4  to. 

Chappel,  William,  1582-1649,  a  native  of  Notting- 
hamshire, was  educated  at  Christ's  College,  Cambridge; 
Dean  of  Cashel,  1633  ;  Provost  of  Trinity  College,  Dub- 
lin, 1637;  Bishop  of  Cork,  1638.  The  persecution  to 
which  he  was  subjected  in  Ireland  obliged  him  to  return 
to  England,  where  he  died.  Methodus  Concionandi,  Lou., 
1648,  Svo.  The  Use  of  the  Holy  Scriptures,  1653,  8vo. 
The  Preacher,  1656,  12mo.  Vita  Seipso  conscripta,  et 
edit,  per  Th.  Heanie,  Oxf.,  1715,  Svo.  He  is  one  of  the 
persons  to  whom  the  authorship  of  The  Whole  Duty  of 
Man  has  been  ascribed  : 

'•  'Tis  certain  The  "Whole  Duty  of  Man  was  written  by  one  who 
suffered  by  the  troubles  in  Ireland;  and  some  lines  in  this  piece 
give  great  grounds  to  conjecture  that  Bishop  Chappel  was  the  au- 
thor."— Bealpr6  1Jf.LT/.     See  Peck's  Desiderata. 

This  is  hardly  legal  evidence. 

Chappell,  Edward,  Lt.  R.N.  Voyage  to  Hudson's 
Bay,  Lon.,  1817,  Svo. 

"  He  might  just  as  well  have  written  his  little  volume  on  a  voy- 
age to  the  South  Stras  as  to  Hudson's  Bay,  for  any  thing  nautical 
which  is  to  be  found  in  it  respecting  this  bay." — Lon.  Qiiar.  Rev. 

Chappelou,  John.  An  Essay  to  suppress  the  Pro- 
fanation of  the  reverend  name  of  God,  in  Vain  Swearing, 
Ac,  Lon.,  1721,  Svo.  An  excellent  theme.  No  profane 
swearer  should  be  tolerated  in  civilized,  to  say  nothing  of 
Christian,  society. 

Chappelow,  Leonard,  1683-1768.  was  educated  at 
St.  John's  College.  Cambridge ;  Fellow,  1717;  succeeded 
Simon  Ockley  as  Arabic  Professor  at  Cambridge.  1720. 
He  was  presented  with  the  livings  of  Great  and  Littlo 
Hormead,  Hertfordshire.  An  edit,  of  Spencer's  De  Legi- 
bus  Hebraeorum  Ritualibus,  1727,  2  vols.  fol.  Elementa 
Linguie  Arabicse,  <fec.,  1730,  Svo.  The  Traveller;  an 
Arabic  Poem.  Ac.,  1758,  4:to.  Two  Sermons  by  Bishop 
Bull.  Ac,  (c.  Bull.)  1765,  Svo.  Six  Assemblies,  1767,  Svo. 
A  Commentary  on  the  Book  of  Job,  with  the  Hebrew  te.xt, 
English  trans.,  and  Paraphrase,  Camb.,  1752.  2  vols.  4to. 

"Chappelow  is  a  disciple  of  Schulten's,  to  whose  learned  work 
he  is  indehted  for  much  of  his  criticism.  He  thinks  the  bonk  of 
Job  was  oriiiinally  composed  in  Arabic  by  Job  himself,  and  after- 
wards translated  into  Hebrew,  and  digested  into  its  present  form 
by  one  of  that  nation." — Obm£. 

Chappelow  largely  promoted  the  study  of  Oriental  Litera- 
ture in  England.      See  Lon.  Monthly  Review.  0.  S..  vol,  vii. 

Chappie,  WilUani,  d.  1781,  compiled  a  History  of 
Exeter,  pub.  1714,  2  vols.  A  Review  of  part  of  Risdon's 
Hist,  of  Devon,  Exeter,  1785.  4to.  He  contributed  to  the 
Gent.  Mag.  and  the  Lady's  Diary. 

Chardin,  Sir  John,  1643-1713,  a  celebrated  traveller, 
a  native  of  Paris,  lived  many  years  in  England,  where  ho 
died.  He  was  knighted  by  Charles  II.  The  last  edit,  of 
his  travels  was  pub.  by  M.  L.  Langles,  Paris,  1811,  10  vols. 
Svo,  with  an  imp.  fol.  atlas.  His  travels  through  Persia 
will  be  found  in  vol.  ii.  of  Harris's  Collection,  and  extracts 
from  them  in  vol.  ix.  of  Pinkerton's  Collection.  In  Harmer's 
Observations  on  divers  passages  of  Scripture,  &c.,  1764, 
and  1776,  are  incorporated  many  of  Sir  John's  MS.  notes. 
The  lover  of  Travels  should  secure  when  possible  that  de- 
lightful folio — The  Travels  of  Sir  John  Chardin  into  Persia 
and  the  East  Indies,  <fec.,  Lon.,  1686 — which  is,  says  an  emi- 
nent authority, 

"The  best  account  of  Mahomedan  nations  ever  published.'*— 
Sir  William  Jones. 

'"The  feculty  of  seizing,  by  a  rapid  and  comprehensive  glance, 
the  character  of  a  country  and  people,  was  possessed  in  the  highest 
degree  by  Chardin,  and  secures  him  an  undisputed  supremacy  in 
that  department  of  literature." — Sir  James  Mackintosh. 

"  Ce  voyage  est  un  des  plus  interessants  que  Ton  ait  publies  dans 
le  si6cle  dernier." — Bruxet:  Manuel  da  Librairet-tde  V Amateur  de 
Livres.  Voyez  Bibliotheque  Universelle  des  Voyages,  par  G.  Boucher 
de  la  Richarderie,  iv.  4D0,  Paris,  1808. 

There  is  a  monument  in  Westminster  Abbey,  to  the  me- 
mory of  Sir  John  Chardin,  with  only  this  inscription — 

"NOMEN  SIBI  FECIT  ELNDO." 

Chardon,  or  Charldon,  John,  D.D.,  educated  at 
Exeter  College,  Oxford,  was  consecrated  Bishop  of  Down 
and  Connor  iu  1596.  Serms.  pub.  at  Lon.  and  Oxf.,  1580, 
'S6,  '87,  '95. 

"  A  noted  preacher,  and  wonderfully  followed  for  his  edifying 
sermons." — Athai.  Oxon, 

Charfy,  J,  Fisherman;  or  the  Art  of  Angling  made 
Easy,  Lon.,  Svo. 

"  Of  no  value."— Lowndes. 


CHA 

Charier,  B.,  D.D.    Serm.,  Lon.,  1606,  4to. 

Charke,  Charlotte,  d.  1760,  was  the  youngest  dnngh- 
ter  of  Colley  Cibber.  She  separated  from  her  worthless 
husband,  Eichard  Charke,  and  appeared  on  the  stage.  Her 
unha|>|iy  temper  led  to  a  separation  from  Fleetwood,  the 
manager  of  Drury  Lane  Theatre,  and  she  ridiculed  him  in 
a  dramatic  piece  entitled  the  Art  of  Management,  or  Tra- 
gedy expelled,  Lon.,  17.35,  Svo.  It  is  said  that  Fleetwood 
purchased  and  destroyed  nearly  the  whole  of  this  impres- 
sion. The  Lover's  Treat;  or  Unnatural  Hatred.  Lon..  Svo. 
The  Hist,  of  Henry  Dumont,  &c.  In  17S5  she  pub.  a  Nar- 
rative of  her  own  Life,  which  presents  a  sad  picture  of  im- 
petuosity, recklessness,  and  distress. 

Charke,  Ezcchlel.     Theolog.  treatises,  1669,  4to. 

Charke,  William,  a  Puritan  divine.  Follow  of  Peter 
House.  Cambridge,  in  1572,  and  expelled.  Answer  to  a 
pamphlet  by  a  Jesuit,  Lon.,  1580,  Svo.  Other  theolog.  trea- 
tises. 15S0,  '81,  Svo. 

Charldoii,  John,  D.D.     See  Chardon. 

Charlemont,  James  Caiilfield,  Earl  of,  172S- 
1799,  a  distinguished  Irish  nobleman,  left  an  unpublished 
history  of  Italian  poetry  from  Dante  to  Metastasio.  Some 
of  his  letters,  with  others  addressed  to  Henry  Flood,  were 
pub.  in  1S20.  4to. 

Charles  I.,  King  of  England,  b.  Nov.  9,  1600, 
executed  Jan.  30,  1049.  Two  years  alter  the  death  of  the 
king  ajtpeared  Reliqniaa  Sacra?  Carolina^ ;  or.  The  Works 
of  that  Great  Monarch  and  (llorious  Martyr,  King  Charles 
the  First,  both  Civil  and  Sacred,  juinted  by  Sam.  Brown, 
at  the  Hague,  1051,  Svo.  The  Books,  Speeches,  Letters,  &C. 
of  Charles  I.  were  pub.  Lon.,  1601,  12mo;  and  the  Works 
of  King  Chailes  the  Martyr,  with  a  Collecticm  of  Declara- 
tions, Treatises,  and  other  Papers,  &c.,  appeared  in  1664, 
2  vols.  fol. — lUhHotheca  Reyia,  bearing  date  1689,  Svo. 

Horace  Walpole  considers  that  the  greater  part  of  the 
above  papers  were  the  composition  of  his  majesty,  but 
Isaac  Reed,  an  abler  critic,  divides  the  Letters,  Declara- 
tions, and  Messages  between  Lord  Clarendon,  Lord  Falk- 
land, and  Sir  John  Colpepper.  Indeed,  it  is  impossible 
to  decide,  of  the  numerous  collections  and  separate  papers 
pub.  in  this  volume,  what  the  king  did  or  did  not  write. 
A  copious  list  of  these  publications  will  be  found  in  ^^'att's 
Bib.  Brit.  The  literary  ability  of  the  king  is  beyond 
question.  Sec  Gadden,  John.  He  did  not  confine  him- 
self to  prose.  The  elegy  written  at  Carisbrook  Castle  is 
not  devoid  of  merit,  and  an  English  version  (Lon.  1655, 
Svo)  of  Bishop  Saunderson's  Lectures  de  Juramenti  pro- 
missorii  Obligatione  affords  us  a  specimen  of  his  majesty's 
skill  as  a  translator.  Whether  meritorious  or  otherwise, 
the  king  was  not  afraid  to  submit  it  to  the  criticism  of 
Bishop  Juxon,  Dr.  Hammond,  and  Mr.  Thomas  Herbert. 

But  the  most  interesting  literary  question  connected  with 
Charles  I.  is  the  authorship  of  EIKSIN  BASlAllcH. 

The  Pourtraicture  of  his  sacred  Majestie  in  his  solitudes 
and  sufferings. 

This  work,  dated  1648,  was  pub.  by  Dr.  Gauden  imme- 
diately after  the  execution  of  the  monarch  : 

■^Had  it  appeared  .a  week  sooner,  it  might  have  preserved  the 
king." — Malcolm  LiiNG. 

But  Mr.  Laing  little  knew  what  manner  of  spirit  the  re- 
gicides were  of,  when  he  supposed  that  a  book — or  an  Alex- 
andrian library  of  books — would  have  been  suflered  to 
stand  between  them  and  their  victim !  The  unlearned 
reader  must  be  informed  that  from  that  day  to  this  it  has 
been  a  matter  of  vehement  controversy — in  which  many 
great  and  good  men  have  warred  high  in  strife — whether 
Charles  I.  or  Dr.  Gauden  wrote  this  most  interesting  hook. 
So  great  indeed  was  the  interest  which  it  excited,  that  47 
editions — 48,000  copies — were  speedily  absorbed  at  home 
and  abroad.  We  have  already  alluded  to  the  vexed  ques- 
tion of  the  authorship  of  this  volume  under  Annesley,  Ar- 
thur, Earl  of  Anglesey,  and  there  referred  the  reader  to 
our  notice  of  Bishop  Gauden. — which  reference  we  repeat. 

Charles  II.,  King  of  England,  1630-1685,— 
"the  only  genius  of  tlie  Hue  of  Stnart, — was  no  author,  unless  wo 
allow  him  to  have  composed  the  two  simple  papers  found  in  his 
stronn;  box  after  his  de.ath.  But  they  are  universally  supposed  to 
have  been  given  to  him  as  a  compendious  excuse  for  his  embracing 
doctrines  which  he  was  too  idle  to  examine,  too  thoughtless  to  re- 
member, and  too  sensible  to  have  believed  on  reflection." — WuJr 
pok's  If.  t£  iV.  AuOutrs. 

Charles  II.  may  still  claim  a  place  in  the  roll  of  authors 
on  the  strength  of  the  song, 

'•  I  pass  all  my  days  in  a  ghatly  old  grove." 

Sir  ,Iohn  Hawkins  credits  it  to  him,  and  Lord  Orford 
does  not  decide  against  it.  See  Appendix  to  Hawkins's 
History  of  Music,  v.  477;  Park  Walpole's  R.  &  N.  Authors; 
a  list  of  State  Papers,  Letters,  and  Speeches,  pub.  under 
the  name  of  Charles  U.,  in  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit. 
370 


CHA 

Charles,  James  Edward,  "The  Young  Chevalier." 
Narrative  of  the  Chevalier,  Lon.,  1765,  Svo. 

Charles,  Joseph.  History  of  the  Transactions  in 
Seatl.aud.  1715-16,  1745-46,  Sterling,  1817,  2  vols.  Svo. 

Charles;.,  Joseph.  The  Dispersion  of  the  Men  of 
Babel  Consi.lcred.  Lon.,  1769,  2  vols.  Svo. 

Charles,  Richard, Surgeon.  Ccmsumption,  178S,Svo. 

Charlesworth,  John.  Practical  Serms.  abridged 
from  various  authors,  Newark,  1788-93, 3  vols.  Svo.  Serms., 
4e..  1788-92. 

Charlet,  Arthur,  D.D.,  Master  of  the  University  of 
Oxford.  Letter  relative  to  the  death  of  Anthony  Wood. 
Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1708. 

Charleton,  George.  Astrologomania,  or  the  Mad- 
ness of  Astrologers,  in  answer  to  Sir  C.  Hevden,  [q.  v.,  and 
also  Chambers,  George,]  pub.  by  T.  Vicars,  D.D.,  Lon., 
1624,  4to.     Theolog.  treatises,  1615,  '26. 

Charleton,  Rice,  M.D.     Bath  Waters,  1754,  '70,  '75. 

Charleton,  or  Charlton,  Walter,  M.D.,  1619-1707 
was  educated  at  Magdalen  Hall,  Oxford,  where  he  was 
noted  for  his  attainments  in  logic  and  philosophy.  Ho 
was  physician  to  Charles  I.,  and  to  Charles  II.  during  his 
exile  and  after  his  Restoration.  In  1689  he  was  chosen 
President  of  the  College  of  Physicians.  He  wrote  and 
compiled  many  learned  professional  and  other  works, 
1650-SS,  an  .account  of  which  will  be  found  in  Athen.  Oxon. 
Among  the  best  known  of  these  .are  the  following:  The 
Darkness  of  Atheism  dispelled  by  the  Light  of  Nature;  a 
Phisico-Theologicall  Treatise,  Lon.,  1655,  4to.  Epicurus 
his  Morals,  collected  out  of  Various  Authors;  with  an 
Apology  for  Epicurus,  1655,  '56,  '70,  4to.  Chorea  Gigan- 
tum ;  or.  The  Most  Famous  Antiquity  of  Great  Britain, — 
Stone-Henge, — standing  on  Salisbury  Plam,  referred  to 
the  Danes,  1663,  4to. 

Sir  William  Dugdale  and  many  other  eminent  antiqua- 
ries agreed  with  our  author  in  depriving  the  Romans  of 
the  credit  of  Stonc-Hcnge.  Inigo  Jones  led  the  other 
side.     See  Biog.  Brit.,  and  Athen.  Oxon. 

Two  Philosophical  Discourses;  the  first  concerning  the 
Wits  of  Men ;  the  second  concerning  the  Mystery  of  Vin- 
ters,  1668,  '76,  '92,  Svo. 

'•  This  some  have  thought  a  little  below  the  character  of  ourau- 
thor,  and  inferior  to  his  other  writings.'' 

Yet  there  is  much  merit  in  the  Discourse  of  the  Wits  of 
Men.  Three  Anatomy  Lectures  Concerning,  1.  The  Motion 
of  the  Blood  through  the  veins  and  arteries.  2.  The  Or- 
ganic Structure  of  the  Heart.  3.  The  efficient  cause  of 
the  Heart's  pulsation,  1683,  4to. 

"  It  was  in  these  lectures  that  he  clearly  and  effectively  refuted 
the  pretence  that  Dr.  ILarvey  had  borrowed  his  doctrine  of  the 
Circulation  of  the  Blood  from  Father  Paul  of  Venice." — Dr.  Camp- 
bell. 

Charlotte,  Elizabeth.     See  Tonna,  Mrs. 

Charlton,  Charles.  Excercitationes  Pathologicse, 
ic,  Lon..  1601,  Ito. 

Charlton,  Lionel.  Hist,  of  Whitby  Abbey,  1779, 4to. 

Charlton,  Mary.     Novels,  Ac,  1797-1805. 

Charlton,  Judge  Roberts!.,  of  Savannah,  Georgia, 
d.  1854.  Poems,  Boston,  1838.  Poems,  New  York,  1843. 
The  compositions  of  Judge  C.  have  been  greatly  admired. 

Charlton,  Saniuel,"D.D.     Sermon,  1714,'Svo. 

Charlton,  Judge  Thomas,  M.P.,  of  Savannah, 
Georgia.  Reports  and  legal  compilations,  New  York  and 
S.avannah.  1817-3S. 

Charlton,  M  alter.     See  CnARLETON. 

Charnock,  John,  1756-1807,  educated  at  Winchester, 
and  Merton  College,  Oxford.  Biographia  Navalis  :  Lives 
and  Characters  of  British  Naval  Officers,  Lon.,  1794-96, 
6  vols.  Svo.  A  History  of  Marine  Architecture,  1800-02, 
3  vols.  4to.  This  work  should  be  studied  by  all  interested 
in  the  subject.  Life  of  Lord  Nelson,  1806.  Other  publi- 
cations. 

Charnock,  Richard.  Legal  Compilations,  1837-45. 
The  Police  Guide,  Lon.,  1841,  Svo. 

Charnock,  Stephen,  1628-1680,  a  celebrated  Non- 
conformist divine,  entered  of  Emanuel  College,  Cam- 
bridge, removed  to  New  College,  Oxford,  in  1649,  and 
obtained  a  Fellowship  from  the  visitors  appointed  by  Par- 
liament. He  subsequently  preached  for  some  time  in 
Ireland.  Upon  the  Restoration  he  returned  to  London, 
but  was  unwilling  to  conform,  and  preached  in  private 
assemblies  of  the  Nonconformists.  He  pub.  only  one  ser- 
mon, (in  the  Morning  Exercises,)  but  after  his  decease  two 
vols,  were  ]mb.  by  Adams  and  Veel  from  his  MSS.,  Lon., 
1682,  'S3,  fol.     Works,  Lon.,  1S15,  9  vols.  Svo. 

"tiaining  [by  his  preaching]  infinite  love  .and  applause  from 
the  brethren,  wliob.'ld  him  to  be  a  person  of  excellent  parts,  strone 
reason,  great  j  udgmcnt,  and  (which  Jo  not  often  go  together)  cut* 


CHA 

ous  fiincy.  ...  Such  .also  as  did  not  love  his  opinion  did,  notwith- 
standing, commend  him  for  his  learning.'' — Atlif^7uOxmi. 

"  The  sublimeness,  variety,  and  rareness  of  the'truths  handled, 
to.:ether  with  the  excellence  of  the  composure,  neatness  of  the 
style,  and  whatever  is  wont  to  make  any  book  desirable,  all  concur 
in  the  recommendation  of  it,  [Charnock  on  the  Attributes.]  It  is 
not  a  book  to  be  played  with  or  slept  over,  but  read  with  the  most 
intense  and  serious  interest." — .\Ti.\MS  and  Veel. 

"His  thou'ihts  are  often  in  disorder;  he  has  no  clear  and  dis- 
tinct idea  in  many  of  the  differences  he  makes."' — DR.  Dopdridge. 

"  .None  of  the  writintrs  of  Charnock  are  properly  exegetical.  and 
yet  they  contain  a  considerable  portion  of  scriptural  interpretation, 
mixed  with  the  most  important  doctrinal  and  practical  views.  Ilis 
style  is  generally  chaste  and  easy;  remarkably  free  of  that  verbo- 
sity and  clumsiness  which  .so  generally  belonged  to  the  writers  of 
his  class  and  period.  1  think  Doddridge  scarcely  does  justice  to 
Charnock — by  representing  his  style  as  incorrect,  and  his  thoughts 
obscure  and  badly  arranged.  Mr.  Toplady,  on  the  contrary,  eulo- 
gizes his  work  on  the  Attributes  in  the  strongest  manner." — Ohme. 

"  Perspicuity  and  depth ;  metaphysical  sublimity  and  evfingelical 
simplicity ;  immense  learning,  but  irrefragable  reasoning,  conspire 
to  render  this  performance  one  of  the  most  inestimable  productions 
that  ever  did  honour  to  the  sanctilied  judgment  and  genius  of  a 
human  being." — Toplaot. 

'■  In  Charnock  you  will  find  substantial  divinity,  and  of  the  right 
sort." — MaUier's  Student. 

"Charnock  was  a  deep  divine,  rather  than  an  elo<(uent  writer. 
He  reasons  well;  but  the  connecting  links  of  his  chain  are  too 
much  neglected.  His  sentences  have  the  cast  of  independent  pro- 
positions. Too  much  uniformity  of  style  prevails,  and  vei-y  seldom 
any  real  pathos  occurs :  his  sentences  are  also  defective  in  the  collo- 
cation of  the  words;  and  often  the  terms  are  not  well  chosen."' — 
Dr.  E.  Wii.li-\ms. 

"  I  have  not  seen  any  .author  who  has  exceeded,  probably  no  one 
who  has  equalled.  Charnock  on  the  Existence  and  Attributes  of 
God." — Criffith  Williams. 

"  The  best  practical  treatise  the  world  ever  saw  in  English  upon 
this  subject. 

"  Charnock's  works  are  full  of  force  and  oritrinality." 

'■  Mr.  Charnock  with  his  masculine  style  aud  inexhaustible  vein 
of  thought." — IlERVEY. 

'■  .4  deep  searching,  often  sublime,  and  powerful  writer." — BlCK- 

ERSTETH. 

Calamy  and  Ryland  also  highly  commend  our  author. 

After  giving  so  many  critics  (14)  an  opportunity  of  being 
hoard,  we  may  perhaps  be  pardoned  for  giving  our  own 
opinions:  we  have  twice  carefully  studied  every  word  of 
the  Discourses  on  the  Attributes,  and  we  consider  the  work 
one  of  the  greatest  of  uninspired  compositions.  We  ad- 
vise the  reader,  if  he  have  it  not,  to  procure  it  immediately, 
and  read  it  through  once  a  twelvemonth  for  the  rest  of 
his  life. 

Charnock,  Thomas.  The  Breviary  of  Natur.al  Phi- 
losophy :  r/./c  Tlie;i.t.  Clicm.  per  Asliraolc.  His  Enigmas ;  ib. 

Charrier,  S.  J.     Chorographical  works,  1781,  &c, 

C'harsley,  W.,  M.D.  An  Essay  to  investigate  the 
Cause  of  the  general  Mortality  of  Fevers,  Lon.,  1783,  8vo. 

Charters,  Samuel,  D.D.,  Minister  of  AVilton,  Scot- 
land. Scrms.,  Edin.,  17SG,  2  vols.  Svo ;  a  new  edit.,  Edin., 
1816.  2  vols.  Svo. 

•'  There  is  something  in  all  the  performances  of  Dr.  Charters  that 
forcibly  reminds  us  of  the  moral  ess,ays  of  Lord  Bacon.  The  reader 
will  tind  in  the  Sermons  before  us  a  rich  vein  of  originality  and 
just  observation.'" — Edin.  Christ.  Instructor. 

Discourse  on  the  duty  of  making  a  Testament,  Lon., 
17it4,  Svo. 

Chartham,  "Will.  Historiola  de  "Vlt-a  Simonis  Sud- 
bury Archicp.  Cant. ;  vide  Angl.  Sacr.  per  Wharton,  p.  49, 
Lon  ,  1691. 

Chase,  Heber,  M.D.  Professional  works,  Phila., 
1836,  &c. 

Chase,  P.  E.     Arithmetical  works.  Phila. 

Chase,  Philander,  D.D.,  Senior  Bishop  of  the  P. 
Episcopal  Church  of  the  United  States,  was  born  at  Com- 
i.sh,  Connecticut,  in  1775.  He  was  abundant  in  labours, 
indefatigable  in  zeal.  Reminiscences,  New  York,  1844,  2 
vols.  Svo. 

Chase,  Samuel.  Messiah's  Advent,  1815,  Svo.  Anti- 
nomianism  Unmasked,  1S19,  Svo. 

'■  M.any  good  thoughts.    The  preface  by  Robert  Hall  very  strik- 

hig."" — BiCEERSTETH. 

Highly  commended  by  the  Lon.  Christian  Observer. 

Chase,  Stephen,  1813-1851,  a  native  of  Chester,  N. 
IT. ;  graduated  at,  and  subsefjuently  Prof,  of  Mathematics 
in,  Dartmouth  College.  A  Treatise  on  Algebra,  New  York, 
1849.  12mo. 

■■  The  terms  of  the  science  are  explained  with  gre.at  clearness, 
and  the  rules  are  given  with  much  precision.  The  work  is  one  of 
undoubted  merit." 

Contributions  to  several  religious  journals. 

Chater,  James.  Grammar  of  the  Cingalese  Lan- 
guage. Colombo,  1815,  Svo. 

Chater,  Thomas.  A  Poetical  Tribute  to  Cowper, 
ISOO,  Svo. 

Chatfield,  C.  1.  View  of  the  Hist,  of  the  Darker 
Ages.     2.  Teutonic  Antiquities,  Lon.,  1828,  Svo. 


CIIA 

Chatfield,  John.    Triogonal  Sector,  Lon.,  1680, 12mo. 
Chatfield,  Robert.     Ilistoric;tl  view  of  Hindostan, 
Lon.,  I.SIIS,  4to. 
Chatham,  Rt.  Hon.  William  Pitt,  Earl  of, 

170S-177S,  was  the  second  son  of  Robert  Pitt  of  Boconnoo, 
in  Cornwall.  After  studying  at  Eton  and  Trinity  Colleges, 
Oxford,  he  obtained  a  cornetcy  in  the  Blues.  In  1736  he 
was  returned  to  Parliament  as  a  member  for  Old  Sarum. 
Here  his  distinguished  abilities  and  powers  of  oratory  soon 
attracted  the  eyes  of  the  nation,  and  gained  him  that  com- 
manding position  which  he  occupied  for  so  many  years  to 
the  glory  of  England  and  the  confusion  of  her  enemies. 
The  name  of  this  great  man  belongs  to  political,  rather 
than  to  literary,  history,  but  we  must  be  allowed  to  linger 
for  a  few  moments  upon  so  suggestive  a  theme.  We  have 
already  given  some  interesting  particulars  connected  with 
Chath.am  as  an  orator:  see  Bailey,  Nathan;  Barrow, 
Isaac.  The  History  of  his  Life,  Lon.,  1783,  Svo.  Aneo- 
dotcs  of  his  Life,  1792,  2  vols.  4to. 

"  A  wretched  publication  of  Almon  the  bookseller — a  mere  tissue 
of  fabsehood  and  absurdities." — Lowndks. 

Letters  written  to  his  nephew,  Thomas  Pitt,  afterwards 
Lord  Camelford,  then  at  Cambridge,  1S04, 12mo.  Tweniy- 
thrce  in  number,  and  containing  much  valuable  advice. 
The  Earl's  opinion  of  the  books  recommended  are  inte- 
resting to  the  student.  The  Letters  were  pub.  by  Lord 
Grenville. 

"What  parent,  anxious  for  the  character  and  success  of  a  son, 
would  not.  in  all  that  related  to  his  education,  gladly  have  re- 
sorted to  the  advice  of  such  a  man?"' — Loan  Grenville:  Frefact 
to  Vtt  LutUrs. 

"  Five  speeches  were  written  out  from  notes  taken  on  the  spot 
by  Sir  Philip  Francis  and  Mr.  Hugh  Boyd.  One  of  them  is  said  to 
have  been  revised  by  Lord  Chatham  himself.  These  are  the  best 
specimens  we  possess  of  his  style  and  diction:  and  it  would  be 
diflicult,  in  the  whole  range  of  our  literature,  to  find  more  perfect 
models  fur  the  study  and  imitation  of  the  young  orator."— Good- 
ri>Ws  Select  Britisli  Elociuence.  N.  "i'ork,  185"2,  </. i'.  for  eighteen  of 
Chatham's  Speeches,  and  an  admirable  analysis  of  his  eloquence. 

History  of  the  Earl  of  Chatham,  by  the  Eev.  Francis 
Thackeray,  A.M.,  Lon.,  1807,  2  vols.  4to. 

"  BiOizraphers.  translators,  editors— all,  in  short,  who  employ 
themselves  in  illustrating  the  lives  or  the  writings  of  others,  are  pe- 
culiarly exposed  to  the  Lues  Be'swetliaua,  or  disease  of  admiration. 
But  we  scarcely  remember  to  have  seen  a  patient  so  far  gone  in 
this  distemper  as  Mr.  Thackeray."— T.  B.  MACAULiY:  Edinburgh 
iflTOM,  1S.34. 

ire  must  be  careful  to  avoid  the  "  Lces  Boswelliana  !" 
But  in  our  case   "there  is  safely  in  numbers." 

The  reader  must  peruse  Thackeray's  quartos,  and  not 
neglect  the  following  valuable  work  : 

Chatham  Papers:  Correspondence;  from  the  original 
MSS.,  Lon.,  1838-40,  4  vols.  Svo. 

"There  is  hardly  any  man  in  modern  times,  with  the  exception, 
perhaps,  of  Lord  s'omers.  who  fills  so  large  a  space  in  our  history, 
and  of  whom  we  know  so  little,  as  Lord  Chatham;  and  yet  he  Is 
the  person  to  whom  every  one  would  at  once  point,  if  desired  to 
name  the  greatest  statesman  and  oiator  that  this  country  ever 
produced.  We  regard  this  work,  then,  as  one  of  the  greatest 
value:  and  hold  the  editors  (of  whom  his  gre.at-grandson  and  pei^ 
sonal  representative  is  one)  to  have  rendered  a  great  service  to  the 
memory  of  their  illustrious  ancestor,  and  to  the  public  interests, 
by  determining  to  keep  back  no  part  of  the  precious  documents 
intrusted  to  their  care." — Edin.  lieview. 

"  Never  did  history  offer  more  instructive  lessons  for  present 
guidance  than  are  contained  in  this  Correspondence."— i'jn.  Litf- 
rarji  Gazelle.  »      jv  i  ■„ 

"  Lord  Chatham  was  the  most  powerful  orator  that  ever  illus- 
trated and  ruled  the  senate  of  this  empire.  For  nearly  half  a  cen- 
tury he  was  not  merely  the  arbiter  of  the  destinies  of  his  own 
country,  but '  the  foremost  man  in  all  the  world.'  "—Lon.  QuarUrly 
Eei-iew.  . 

"  .«ir.  the  venerable  age  of  this  great  man.  his  merited  rank,  his 
superior  clof|uence.  his  splendid  qu.alities.  his  eminent  services, 
the  vast  space  he  fills  in  the  eves  of  mankind,  and.  more  than  all 
the  rest,  his  fall  from  power,  which,  like  death,  canonizes  and  sanc- 
tities a  great  character,  will  not  suffer  me  to  censure  any  part  of 
his  conduct.  I  am  afraid  to  flatter  him ;  I  am  sure  I  am  not  dis- 
posed to  bkame  him.  Let  those  who  have  betrayed  him  by  their 
adulation  insult  him  with  their  malevo!ence."—EDMUND  Burke: 
Speerl,  on  American  Taxation.  April  19.  1774.  ....        ,j 

'■  Upon  the  whole,  there  was  in  this  man  something  that  could 
create,  subvert,  or  reform :  an  understanding,  a  spirit,  and  an  elo- 
quence to  summon  mankind  to  society,  or  to  break  the  Ix-nds  of 
slavery  asunder,  and  to  rule  the  wilderness  of  free  minds  with  un- 
bounded authority :  something  that  could  establish  or  overwhelm 
empire,  and  strike  a  blow  in  the  world  that  should  resound 
through  its  histor)-."— Grattam.  ,      , .,    i      j 

Chatterton,  Lady.  Rambles  in  the  South  of  Ireland, 
Lon.,  1838,  2  vols.  Svo.  The  Pyrenees,  &c.,  1843,  2  vols. 
Svo.  Home  Sketches  and  Foreign  Recollections,  1841, 
3  vols.  Svo  :  see  Dubl.  Univ.  Mag.,  .xviii.  12.  Good  Match; 
a  Novel,  1839,  3  vols.  Svo.  Lost  Happiness,  1845.  Life 
and  its  Realities,  1857.     The  Reigning  Beauty,  1858. 

Chatterton,  Thomas,  1752-1780,  a  native  of  Bris- 
tol, was  the  posthumous  son  of  a  schoolmaster.  His  an- 
cestors had  long  held  the  office  of  sexton  of  St.  Mary 

371 


CIIA 


CIIA 


RedclifiFe,  and  it  was  in  the  muniment  room  of  this  church 
tbat  he  found  the  materials  which  he  converted  to  the  pur- 
poses of  imposture.     He  was  so  much  indisposed  to  appli- 
cation, that  efforts  to  teach  him  the  nlphahet  were  ahan- 
doned  as  hopeless,  and  he  was  sent  home  to  his  mother. 
"When  eight  years  of  afije  the  illuminated  capitals  of  an 
old  French  Musical  MS.  attracted  his  attention,  and  his 
mother  taught  him  to  read  from  a  Black-Letter  Testament 
or  Bible.    So  early  did  he  display  a  fondness  for  antiquity  ! 
He  was  then  admitted  to  Colston's  charity  school,  where 
he  remained  until  he  had  passed  his  14th  year.     He  was 
now  apprenticed  to  a  scrivener  of  Bristol,  where  he  had 
but  litlle  employment,  and  most  of  his  time  was  devoted 
to    the    perusal   of   works    on   antiquities,   heraldry,   and 
joetry,  not  neglecting  history  and  divinity.     Before  hia 
12th  year  he  had  proiluced  some  poetry,  which  evinced 
considerable  talent.     In  17G8,  when  the  New  Bridge  at 
Bristol  was  opened,  a  paper  appeared  iu  Farley's  Bristol 
Journal,  entitled  "  A  Description  of  the  Fryers  first  pass- 
ing over  the  Old  Bridge,  taken  from  an  Ancient  Manu- 
ecript."     This  excited  much  attention,  and  was  traced  to 
Chatterton,  who  declared  that  this  paper  and  many  other 
MSS.  had  been  found  by  his  father  in  an  old  iron  chest  in 
the  muniment  room  of  the  Church  of  St.  Mary  Kedcliffe. 
He  now  distributed  MSS.  according  to  the  tastes  of  those 
to  whom  he  sent  them.     A  citizen  addicted  to  Heraldry 
was  presented  with  a  pedigree  which  carried  his  name  up 
to  the  Conquest;  a  religious  gentleman  was  favoured  with  a 
fragment  of  a  sermon,  and  Mr.  Burgum,  an  advocate  of 
the  authenticity  of  the  MSS.,  was  rewarded  by  a  poem  en- 
titled The  Roraount  of  the  Cnyghte,  written  by  John  de 
Bergham,  an  ancestor,  about  four  hundred  and  fifty  years 
before  !     The  principal  part  of  these  MSS.  Chatterton  dis- 
covered— he  said — to  be  the  poetical  compositions  of  W. 
Canynge  (a  distinguished  merchant  of  Bristol  in  the  15th 
century)  and  his  friend,  Thomas  Rowley,  a  monk  or  secu- 
lar priest.     Chattertuu  was    emboldened    by   his   success 
with  Barret,  a  surgeon,  then  writing  a  History  of  Bristol, 
Catcott,  and  others,  to  try  his  imposture  upon  Horace  Wal- 
pole,  who  had  sometime  before  conipleled  his  Anecdotes 
of  Painters.     He  proposed  (by  letter)  to  furnish  him  with 
accounts  of  a  series  of  great  painters  who  had  flourished 
at  Bristol,  and  transmitted  specimens  of  the  nncient  poetry. 
Mr.  Walpole  submitted  these  to  Gray  and  Mason,  who  im- 
mediately declared  them  to  be  forgeries.     "Walpole  advif^ed 
his  correspondent  to  devote  himself  to  the  duties  of  his 
profession  in  future.     The  poems  were  returned  at  Chat- 
tertun's  request,  and  he  was  very  indignant  at  his  adviser. 
AValpole  has  been  greatly,  and,  as  we  think,  most  unjustly, 
blamed  for  his  conduct  in  this  afl'air.     He  drew  up  a  state- 
ment of  the  facts  which  should  satisfy  the  most  captious. 
In  April,  1770,  having  previously  sent  some  antifiuarian 
contributions  to  the  Town  and  Country  Magazine.  Chatter- 
ton arrived  in  London,  and  sought  literary  employment. 
The   young    author — but    seventeen    years    of   age — was 
greatly  encouraged  by  some  engagements  with  which  he 
was  favoured  by  the  booksellers,  and  sent  home  cheering 
letters,  accompanied  with    presents,   to    his    mother    and 
sister.     In  a  short  time,  however,  this  happy  frame   of 
mind  vanished :  he  became  despondent,  seems  to  have  lost 
all  hopes  of  prosperity,  and  was   found  dead  in  his  bed, 
August  25,  (four  months  after  his  arrival  in  London,)  from 
the  eff^ects — as  was  supposed — of  a  dose  of  arsenic.     There 
has  been  much  controversy  wasted  respecting  the  causes 
which  led  to  this  sad  event     The  oft-repeated  complaint 
that  he  was  suffered  to  perish  from  irant  of  the  necessaries 
of  life,  is  altogether  erroneous.     It  is  true  that  he  had  not 
eaten  any  thing  for  two  or  three  days  before  bis  death  ; 
but  it  is  also  true  that  he  refused  with  indignation  Mrs. 
Angel's   (his  landlady)    invitation    to  participate  in   her 
dinner,  declaring  that  he  was  not  hungry  ;  and  it  is  also 
true  that  Mr.  Hamilton  supplied  him  with  money  a  short 
time  before  his  rash  act.  and  invited  him  to  apply  to  him 
when  again  in  need.     The  solution  of  the  mystery  attend- 
ing his  melancholy  end  is  to  us  very  plain  ;  if  any  man 
was  ever  insane,  Thomas  Chatterton  was.      If   any  one 
doubt  this,   let  him  read   his   Last  Will  and  Testament, 
penned  before  he  left  Bristol.     We  might  say  more  upon 
this  subject,  but  our  limits  forbid  excursions.     That  in- 
sanity was  in  the  family — developed  in  his  own  sister,  in- 
deed— is  no  secret.     At  the  time  of  Chatterton's  death  he 
wa-s  aged  17  years,  9  months,  and  a  few  days. 

Of  these  celebrated  Poems  the  principal  are  The  Tra- 
gedy of  Ella,  The  Execution  of  Sir  Charles  Bawdin,  Ode 
to  Ella.  The  Battle  of  Hastings,  The  Tournament,  One  or 
Two  Dialogues,  and  a  Description  of  Cannynge's  Feast. 
See  a  notice  of  these  in  Warton's  History  of  English 
372 


Poetry.  They  were  pub.  by  Thomas  Tyrwhitt,  in  1777, 
Svo,  and  an  animated  controversy  as  to  their  authenticity 
sprang  up  and  raged  for  a  long  period.  See  list  of  publi- 
eiCLTons  in  Lowndes's  Bibl.  Mauual,  and  the  dissertations 
of  Warton,  Campbell,  Mathias,  Gregory,  Southey,  &c.  A 
second  edit.,  Svo,  appeared  iu  the  same  year,  (1777  ;)  the 
3d,  in  1778,  Svo;  and  a  splendid  4to  in  17S2,  with  a  Com- 
mentary, in  which  the  Antiquity  of  them  is  considered 
and  defended,  by  Jeremiah  Milles,  D.D.  A  nmre  completa 
edit,  was  pub.  in  1SU3,  3  vols.  Svo,  edited  by  Southey  and 
Cottle,  (with  a  review  by  the  former  of  the  Rowley  Con- 
troversy,) and  a  Life  by  Gregory.  Another  edit,  of  Chat- 
terton's works  was  pub.  by  H.  G.  Bohn,  in  1842,  2  vols. 
p.  Svo,  containing  a  Life,  the  Controversy,  &c.  To  these 
volumes  the  reader  should  add  the  Life  of  Chatterton  by 
John  Dis,  author  of  Lays  of  Home,  Local  Legends,  &c., 
Lon.,  1S37,  fp.  Svo;  new  ed.  1851.  This  volume  contains 
the  poet's  unpublished  Poems  and  Correspondence. 

'•Mr.  Dix  has  most  consistently  come  forward  as  the  biographer 
of  Chatttrton.  Himself  a  poet,  he  has  successfully  endeavoured 
to  renew  an  interest  in  the  fate  of  one  of  Knj^'hind's  greatest, 
thou-ih  most  unfortunate,  bards."' — L(m.  Literary  Gazette. 

"  This  volume  contains  all  that  can  be  desired  to  be  known  re- 
specting Chatterton.' — Lnn.  EchcUc  lie.viexo. 

'•Mr.  Dix  has.  in  addition  to  what  was  before  known,  gathered 
up  '  all  the  fragments.'  Uis  biography  is  heart-touching." — IiEiuH 
Hunt. 

'^  The  best  Life  of  Chatterton."— r/;^  Symposium. 

The  genius  of  Chatterton  was  of  the  very  first  order,  and 
under  the  guidance  of  sound  principles,  and  a  well-regulated 
mind,  would  have  added  greatly  to  the  poetical  treasures 
— so  rich  and  so  abundant — of  the  English  tongue. 

"This  youth  w.ts  a  prodi^'v  of  genius;  and  would  have  proved 
the  first  of  English  poets  had  he  reached  a  mature  age." — Thomas 
Warton. 

'■  Chatterton's  was  a  genius  like  that  of  Homer  and  Shakspeare, 
which  appears  not  above  once  in  many  centuries." — VictSiMua 
Knox. 

"The  inequality  of  Chatterton's  various  productions  may  be 
compared  to  the  disproportions  of  the  ungrown  giant.  His  works 
had  nothing  of  the  detinite  neatness  of  that  precocious  talent 
which  stops  short  in  early  maturity.  His  thirst  for  knowled-^e 
was  that  of  a  being  taught  by  instinct  to  lay  up  materials  for  the 
exercise  of  gre;it  and  undeveloped  powers.  .  .  .  Ko  English  poet 
ever  equalled  him  at  the  same  age.  Tasso  alone  can  be  compared 
to  him  as  a  juvenile  prodigy."— Thomas  Campbell. 

"The  poems  of  Chatterton  may  be  divided  into  two  graml 
classes— those  ascribed  to  Rowley,  and  those  which  the  bard  of 
Bristol  avowed  to  be  his  own  compo.'^ition.  Of  these  classes  the 
former  is  incalculably  superior  to  the  latter  in  poetical  powers 
and  diction.'" — Sir  Walter  Scott. 

"  Nothing  in  Chatterton  can  be  separated  from  Chatterton.  His 
noblest  flight,  bis  sweetest  strains,  his  grossest  ribaldry,  and  his 
most  common-place  imitations  of  the  productions  of  magazines, 
were  all  the  ellervescences  of  the  same  ungovernable  impulse, 
which,  chiimeleou-like,  imbibed  the  colours  of  all  it  looked  on.  It 
was  Ossian,  or  a  Saxon  monk,  or  Gray,  or  Smollett,  or  Junius; 
and  if  it  failed  most  iu  what  it  most  aftected  to  be.— a  poet  of  the 
fif'eenth  century,— it  was  because  it  could  not  imitate  what  had 
not  existed.' — IIurace  Walpole. 

Warton  well  sums  up  the  question  of  the  authenticity 
of  the  Rowley  poems  by  demonstrating  that 

"  However  extraordinary  it  was  for  Chatterton  to  produce  them 
in  the  18th  L-entury,  it  was  impossible  that  Kowley  could  have 
written  them  in  the  fifteenth." 
He  also  remarks : 

"  It  will  be  asked.  For  what  end  or  purpose  did  he  contrive  such 
:  an  imposture?     1  answer,  from  lucrative  views;  or  perhaps  from 

■  the  pleasure  of  deceiving  the  world,  a  motive  which,  in  many 
\  minds,  operates  more  powerfully  than  the  hopes  of  gain.  He  pro- 
'  bably  promised  to  himself  greater  emnluments  from  this  indirect 
I  mode  of  exercising  his  abilities :  or  he  might  have  sacrificed  even 
I  the  vanity  of  appearing  in  the  character  of  an  applauded  original 
'  author,  to  the  private  enjoyment  of  the  success  of  his  invention 
,  and  dexterity."— i/is?ory  o/£rm//(V'  Poetjy. 

I  "Nothing  can  be  more  extraordinary  than  the  delight  which 
:  Chatterton  appears  to  have  felt  in  executing  these  numberless 

■  and  multifarious  impositions.  His  ruling  passion  was  not  the 
j  vanity  of  a  poet  who  depends  upon  the  opinion  of  others  for  its 

gratification,  but  the  stoical  pride  of  talent,  which  felt  nourish- 
I  ment  in  the  solitary  cont-emplation  of  superiority  over  the  dupes 
I  who  fell  into  his  toils."— Sir  Walter  Scott. 

As  the  Rowley  controversy  was  one  of  the  most  interest- 
ing and  animated  in  the  History  of  English  Literature,  wo 
present  {from  the  St.  James's  Chronicle  of  the  time)  a  list 
j  of  the  partisans  on  each  side.     This  will  correct  the  mis- 
;  apprehension  that  on  their  first  publication  the  forgeries 
j  of  Chatterton  enlisted  many  advocates. 
I       Indeed,  considering  the  philological  obstruction  to  cre- 
I  dence,  it  is  not  a  little  remarkable  that  such  scholars  as 
Jacob   Bryant  and   Deau   Milles   could   allow  them.-elves 
I  to  be  so  grossly  deceived,  even  for  an  instant.     That  when 
;  once  committed,  they   should  perversely  adhere  to  their 
judgment,  and  refuse  to  encourage  any  doubts  suggested 
by  the  skeptical,  is  most  natural.     To  be  strictly  impartial 
I  in  judgment,  especially  where  personal  reputation  is  at 
I  stake,  hardly  belongs  to  man. 


CHA 


Roroleiani. 
Jacob  Bryant, 
Dean  Milles, 

Dr.  GLYiNN, 

Mr.  Henley, 

MONTRLY     REriEW,     WHILE 

rsriER  Langhorn, 
E.  B.  Gbee.ne. 


Anti-  Rowteiane. 
Mr.  Tyrwhitt, 
Horace  Walpole, 
Dr.  Warton, 
Mr.  Thomas  Warton, 
Dr.  Johnson, 
Mr.  Steevens, 
Bishop  Percy, 
EllMUND  Malone, 
Edward  Gibbon, 
Mr.  Jones, 
Dr.  Farmer, 
Mr.  Colman, 
Mr.  Sheridan, 
Dr.  Lort, 
Mr.  Astle, 
Mr.  Croft, 
Mr.  Haylet, 
Lord  Camden, 
Mr.  Gough, 
Mr.  Mason, 
Mr.  Knox, 
Mr.  Badcock, 
Critical  Review, 
Gentleman's  Magazint:. 
"I  thought  of  Crattfuton.  the  marvfllous  boy. 
The  sleepless  soul  th.it  perished  in  his  pride!" 

WORPSWORTH. 

Chatto,  Wm.  Andrew.  A  Treatise  on  Wood  En- 
graving, Historical  and  Practical,  with  upwards  of  300  il- 
lustrations on  wood,  by  John  Jackson,  Lon.,  1839,  r.  Svo ; 
and  1849.  Facts  and  Speculations  on  the  Origin  and  His- 
tory of  Playing  Cards,  with  numerous  engravings  from 
copper,  stone,  and  wood,  both  plain  and  coloured,  1848, 
Svo. 

"  A  perfect  fund  of  antifjuariau  research,  and  mo.st  interesting 
even   to  persons  who   never   play  at  cards." — Taii^s  Edinl'urgh 

"The  ejitire  production  deserves  our  wannest  approbation." — 
Loii.  Litfrarij  Gtizftte. 

"  A  curious,  entertaining,  and  really  learned  book." — Londim 
Raviblf.r. 

Chaucer,  Geoffrey,  1328?-1400,  "The  Father  of 
English  Poetry,"  was  a  native  of  London.  His  parentage 
and  early  life  are  involved  in  great  obscurity,  and  tbe 
honour  of  his  education  is  claimed  by  both  Universities : 
therefore  as  an  amicable  adjustment  of  the  controversy, 
an  ingenious  theory  presumes  bim  to  have  resided  al- 
ternately at  O.\ford  .and  Cambridge.  Chaucer  was  a  great 
favourite  at  the  court  of  Edward  III.,  and  a  devoted  ad- 
herent to  the  celebrated  John  of  Gaunt,  Duke  of  Lancaster, 
whose  sister-in-law,  (she  became  so  subsequently.)  Phi- 
lippa  de  Rouet,  accepted  the  offer  of  his  hand.  By  this 
connexion  the  poet  became  linked  with  the  good  or  ill  for- 
tune which  might  attach  to  greatness.  Even  this  generally 
received  narrative  has  been  doubted  by  some  critics.  It 
will  however  be  easily  believed  that  in  this  season  of  court- 
ship he  composed  The  Parliament  of  Birds.  In  1356  we 
find  Chaucer  bearing  arms  in  the  expedition  of  Edward  III. 
against  France.  For  some  time  he  was  held  as  a  prisoner 
of  war  by  the  enemy.  In  1367  he  was  allowed  an  annual 
pension  of  twenty  m.arks,  (say  £240,)  and  in  1373  was  em- 
ployed in  an  embassy  to  Genoa  on  affairs  of  State.  A  year 
later  than  this  he  was  appointed  comptroller  of  the  customs 
of  wool,  Ac.  It  was  during  this  visit  to  Italy  (he  had  be- 
fore travelled  on  the  Continent)  that  he  enjoyed  some  de- 
lightful converse  with  Petrarch,  to  which  he  alludes  in  the 
Prologue  to  the  Gierke's  Tale : 

"  I  wol  you  tell  a  tale,  which  that  I 
Learned  at  Padowe  of  a  worthy  clerk. 
As  preved  by  his  wordes  and  his  work; 
Fraunceis  Petrai'k.  the  laureat  poete. 
lli^hte  this  clerk  whos  rhetorike  swete 
Enlumined  all  Itaille  of  poetrie. 
As  Lyny.in  did  of  philosopbie."  &c. 
Mr.  Tyrwhitt  is  inclined  to  doubt  this  meeting  of  the 
poets,  but  De  Sade  promised  to  prove  its  occurrence.     He 
died  before  he  had  fulfilled  his  pledge.     Four  years  befcre 
this  acquaintance,  Ch.aucer  had  added  to  tlie  evidences  of 
his  own  poetical  talents  by  the  lament  for  the  death  of 
Blanche,  Duchess  of  Lancaster,  entitled  The  Booke  of  the 
Dutchesse.     In  the  early  part  of  the  reign  of  Richard  II. 
our  poet  became  involved  in  the  political  and   religious 
troubles  of  the  day.  espousing  the  cause  of  John  Comber- 
ton,  (John  de  Northampton.)  a  warm  champion  of  the  doc- 
trines   of  WicklifTe.     Comberton    was    imprisoned,  while 
Chaucer  escaped  the  same  fate  by  a  precipitate  flight  to  the 
Continent.      Of  course  he  lost  his  place  in  the  customs. 
He  was  so  imprudent  as  to  return  to  London  in  a  short 
period ;  was  committed  to  the  Tower,  and  only  released  by 


criA 

disclosing  the  names  and  projects  of  his  late  associates. 
For  this  breach  of  confidence,  he  subsequently  experienced 
great  remorse,  and  composed  his  Testament  of  Love,  in 
which  he  complains  of  the  change  of  his  fortunes,  and  of 
the  disgrace  in  which  his  conduct  had  involved  him. 

In  1386  he  was  elected  Knight  of  tbe  Shire  for  Kent, 
and  the  rise  of  his  fortunes  was  accelerated  by  the  return 
of  the  Duke  of  L.ancaster  from  Spain  in  1389.  In  this 
year  the  poet  was  made  clerk  of  the  works  at  Westminster, 
and  in  the  next  year  at  Windsor  and  other  palaces.  Other 
proofs  of  regard  were  bestowed  by  the  king,  (and  also  by 
his  successor  Henry  IV.,  son  of  his  patron,  the  Duke  of 
Lancaster,)  and  with  his  annual  pipe  of  wine  and  his  hand- 
some pension,  the  poet  felt  himself  sufficiently  at  ease  to 
compose  those  famous  Canterbury  Tales  which  will  carry 
his  name  to  the  remotest  posterity.  His  experience  of  the 
world  had  taught  him  the  value  of  retirement,  and  it  does 
not  appear  that  the  prosperity  of  the  great  House  to  which 
he  had  ever  been  a  devoted  adherent  induced  him  to  ex- 
change the  quietude  of  his  rural  walks  and  meditations  for 
the  splendour  and  excitements  of  a  brilliant  Court.  The 
necessity  of  arranging  some  business  concerns  drew  him 
to  London  for  a  few  days,  where  fatigue  brought  on  an  ill- 
ness with  which  his  advanced  age  was  unable  to  cope. 

"  He  was  buried  in  the  Abbey  of  Westminster  before  the  chapel 
of  St.  Bennet;  by  whose  sepulchre  is  written  on  a  table  hanging 
on  a  pillar  his  epitaph  nuade  by  a  poet  laureate."— Caxton,  m  his 
edit:  of  Chaucer's  tmvs.  f>f  Boethivs. 

Chaucer  was  a  voluminous  writer.  In  addition  to  his 
minor  poems,  and  his  prose  compositions,  of  which  the 
Testament  of  Love  and  two  of  the  Canterbury  Tales  are 
the  principal,  he  was  the  author  of  the  following  poetical 
works : 

1.  The  Canterbcrt  Tales,  extending  to  above  17,000 

lines, (exclusive  of  the  doubtful  portion  and  the  prose.) 

2.  The  Romacnt  of  the  Rose,  a  translation  from  the 

French  of  William  de  Lorris;  and  of  a  portion  of 
Meun's  continuation,  of  which  there  are  nearly  8,000 
lines. 

3.  Troilus  and  Creseide,  5  Books. 

4.  The  Court  of  Love. 

5.  The  Complaint  of  Pitie. 

6.  Of  Queen  Armelide  and  False  Arcite. 

7.  The  Assembly  of  Foules. 

8.  The  Complaint  of  the  Black  Night. 

9.  Chaucer's  A.  B.  C. 

10.  The  Booke  of  the  Dctchesse. 

11.  The  House  of  Fame,  3  Books. 

12.  Chaucer's  Dream. 

13.  The  Flower  and  the  Leaf. 

14.  The  Legend  of  Good  Women,  9  Examples. 

15.  The  Complaint  of  Mars  and  Venus. 

16.  Of  the  Cuckow  and  the  Nightingale. 

Of  these  compositions  the  Canterbury  Tales  is  much  the 
best  known.  The  plot  is  doubtless  taken  from  the  Deca- 
meron of  Boccaccio.  A  company  of  pilgrims,  twenty-nine 
I  in  number,  on  their  way  to  the  shrine  of  Thomas  a  Becket, 
at  Canterbury,  pass  tbe  night  at  the  Tab,ard  Inn  at  Soulh- 
wark,  where  they  make  the  acquaintance  of  our  poet,  the 
narrator,  who  promised  to  bear  them  company,  their  des- 
tination being  the  same  as  his  own: 

"  Befelle.  that  in  that  season  on  a  day. 
In  Southwark  at  the  Tabard  .as  I  lay, 
Kedy  to  wenden  en  my  pil;^rimage 
To  Canterbury  with  devoute  coi-age, 
At  night  wascome  into  that  hostelrie 
Wei  nine  and  twenty  in  a  compagnie 
Of  sundrv  folk.  .  .  . 

And  shortly,  when  the  sun  was  gon  to  reste, 
So  hadde  1  spoken  with  hem  everich  on. 
That  I  was  of  hir  felawship  anon 
And  made  forword  early  for  to  ri.se, 
To  Lake  oure  way  ther  as  I  you  devise." 
The  Host  of  the  Tabard  offers  to  accompany  the  party, 
and  suggests  to  them  that  they  should  divert  each  other 
with  entert.aining  stories,  and  that  on  their  return, 
"  Which  of  you  that  bereth  him  best  of  alle, 
That  is  to'svan.  that  tellcth  in  this  cas 
Tales  of  best  sentence  and  most  solas,^^ 
Shal  have  a  souper  at  youre  alU-r  cost." 
The  proposition  was  joyfully  accepted,  the  tales  were 
told :  and  truly,  however  much  there  may  have  been  of 
pilgrimage,  there  was  but  little  of  penance,  in  that  merry 
jotirneying!     About  seventy-five  years  after  the  death  of 
this  great  poet,  Ca.xton,  the  first  English  printer,  pub.  The 
Book  of  the  Tales  of  Cauntyrburye,  without  date;  sup- 
posed to  have  been  printed  about  1475.     Only  two  perfect 
copies  of  this  edition  are  known. — one  in  the  Library  of 
George  III.  in  the  British  Museum ;  the  other  in  Merton 
College.     The  first  edition  of  the  entire  works  of  Chaucer 


CHA 


CHA 


(with  the  exception  of  the  Ploughman's  Tale,  which  was 
first  printed  in  the  edition  of  1542)  was  pub.  by  Thomas 
Godfrey,  Lon.,  1532,  fol.  See  particulars  of  early  editions 
in  Dibdin's  Typographical  Antitiuities,  and  Lowndes's  Bibl. 
Manual.  The  edit,  of  1721,  fol.,  has  a  Glossary  and  a  Life 
by  Urry.  By  far  the  best  edition  of  the  Canterbury  Tales 
is  by  Thomas  Tyrwhitt,  who  prefixed  to  them  an  Essay  on 
Cbaucer's  Language  and  Versification,  and  an  Introductory 
Discourse,  which,  with  the  learned  Notes  and  Glossary,  add 
much  to  the  value  of  the  work.  Tyrwhitt's  first  edit,  was 
pub.  Lon.,  1775,  78,  5  vols.  8vo;  2d  edit.,  Oxf.,  179S,  2  vols. 
4to.  In  the  impression  of  1822  the  Glossary  is  under  an 
alphabet,  and  the  general  arrangement  is  improved.  The 
reader  should  procure  Mr.  Moxon's  beautiful  edit,  of  the 
Poetical  Works  uf  Chaucer,  (which  includes  Tyrwhitt's 
Essay.  &c.,)  last  impression  1852,  r.  Svo.  The  following 
works  should  not  be  neglected  : 

Todd's  Illustrations  of  the  Lives  and  Writings  of  Gower 
and  Chaucer,  Lon.,  ISIO,  Svo. 

*'A  curious  work,  displaying  preat  industry  of  investigation. 
Mr.  Todd's  researches  into  English  literature  have  been  equalled 
by  few  of  our  lexicographers  or  commentators." 

Godwin's  Life  of  Chaucer,  Lon.,  1803,  2  vols.  4to. 

*'  Considerable  praise  is  due  to  Mr.  Godwin  for  the  comments  on 

the  works  of  our  bard,  which  occur  in  these  volumes." — Edin.  liev. 

An  Svo  vol.  entitled  Chaucer's  Poems  Modernized,  by 

Wordsworth,  R.  H.  Home.  Leigh  Hunt,  and  others,  has 

been  highly  commended,  and  an  English  critic  declares  that 

"  Too  much  applause  cauuot  be  bestowed  upon  the  projection  and 

execution  of  this  design."' 

But  we  confess  that  we  have  no  taste  for  these  rehashes 
of  ancient  delicacies.  Their  tendency  is  to  increase  read- 
ing at  the  expense  of  knowledge.  What  will  a  reader  of  a 
modern  Chaucer  know  of  glorious  old  "Geffary  Chaucer," 
who  wrote  "dyuers  Workes  which  were  neuer  in  Print  be- 
fore?"    See  Godfrey's  edition;  the  first,  1532,  fol. 

If  any  man  or  woman  will  not  take  the  trifling  trouble 
which  is  necessary  to  understand  Chaucer's  antique  ortho- 
graphy.— let  them  be  ignorant.  The  last  "  Minerva"  novel 
will  prove  metal  mure  attractive  to  such  painstaking  "stu- 
dents uf  English  Literature." 

Mr.  Saunders  pub.  a  vol.  in  1845,  entitled  Chaucer*s  Can- 
terbury Tales  Explained,  and  rendered  more  intelligible 
with  the  help  of  modern  prose.  This  work  treats  of  Gtelic 
construction,  and  other  matters  connected  with  antique 
spelling.  Charles  Cowden  Clarke  has  given  to  the  world 
Tales  from  Chaucer  in  prose,  in  imitation  of  Lamb's  Tales 
from  Shakspeare;  also  a  vol.  entitled  The  Riches  of  Chau- 
cer, 1839j  Svo.  There  is  also  a  Life  by  Singer,  and  one  by 
Nicolas. 

It  will  be  proper  to  gratify  the  reader  with  some  quota- 
tions from  ancient  and  modern  critics  referring  to  the  merits 
of  the  Father  of  English  Poetry: 
"  And  upon  hys  imaginacyon 
He  made  also  the  Tales  of  Canterbury, 
Some  vertuous,  and  some  glad  and  merry, 
And  many  other  bokes,  doubtless, 
He  dyd  conipyle.  whose  godly  name 
In  printed  bokes  doth  rem.iyne  in  fame." 

H.YWEs:  Pastime  of  Pleasure,  c.  14. 
"  Yet  what  a  time  hath  he  wrested  from  time, 
And  won  upon  the  migbtie  waste  of  daies. 
Unto  the  immortal  honour  of  our  clime. 
That  by  his  means  came  first  adorned  with  bayes: 
Unto  the  sacred  relickes  of  whose  rime 
AVe  yet  are  bound  in  zeal  to  offer  praise." 

Daniel:  MuRophUus. 
The  usual  titles  by  which  Chaucer  was  complimented  by 
his  contemporaries  were  "The  Chief  Poete  of  Britanie," 
"The  Flour  of  Poetes,"  Ac. 

'■  Maister  Chaucer,  that  nobly  enterprysed 
How  that  our  englysshe  myght  fresshly  be  enued." 

Skeltos  :  Garlande  of  Laurelle. 
*'  So  wise  a  man  as  our  Chaucer  is  esteemed." — Milton. 
Among  the  warmest  admirers  of  Chaucer  in  earlier  days 
may  be  mentioned  Gawin  Douglass,  Bishop  of  Dunkeld, 
Caxton,  William  Botteville,  Leland,  the  great  antiquary 
who  honoured  his  memory  with  three  copies  of  verses; 
Roger  Ascham,  Sir  Philip  Sydney,  Speght,  Stowe,  John 
Fox,  Camden,  Sir  Henry  Savile,  the  illustrious  Selden,  Sir 
Francis  Kynaston.  &c.  In  his  close  imitation  of  Chaucer 
in  his  Temple  of  Fame,  Pope  has  paid  him  the  highest  of 
compliments.     The  learned  Dr.  Skinner  complains  that 

'•  The  poet  Chaucer  set  the  worst  example,  who  by  bringing  whole 
shoals  of  French  words  into  our  language,  which  was  but  too  much 
adulterated  before,  thioixgh  the  effects  of  the  Norman  Conquest, 
deprived  it  almost  wholly  of  its  native  grace  and  splendour,  laying 
on  paint  over  its  pure  complexion,  and,  for  a  beautiful  face,  substi- 
tuted a  downright  mask." — Trans,  from  Vie  Latin  m-iginal.  See 
Biog.  Brit. 

This  charge  is  summarily  disposed  of  by  Mr.  Tyrwhitt 
in  his  Essay  on  the  Language  and  Versification  of  Chaucer: 

374 


"  I  cannot  help  observing  from  a  contempoi-ary  Historian,  that, 
several  yeais  before  that  great  event,  [the  Aorman  Ctmiiuest,]  the 
l.vniTuage  of  France  had  been  introduced  into  the  Court  of  England, 
and  from  thence  among  the  people." 

After  proceeding  with  an  exposition  of  this  statement, 
Mr.  Tyrwhitt  remarks : 

"From  what  has  been  said  I  think  we  may  fairly  conclude,  that 
the  English  language  must  have  imbibed  a  strong  tincture  of  the 
French,  long  before  the  age  of  Chaucer,  and  cousequently  that  he 
ought  not  to  be  charged  as  the  importer  of  words  and  phrases 
which  he  only  nsed  after  thu  example  of  his  predecessors,  and  in 
common  with  his  contemporaries.  This  was  the  real  fact,  and  is 
capable  of  being  demonstrated  to  any  one,  who  will  take  the  trouble 
of  comparing  the  writings  of  Chaucer  with  those  of  liobert  of 
tiloucester  and  liobert  of  Brunne  who  both  lived  before  him,  and 
with  those  of  Sir  Jobn  Maudeville  and  M  icliff  who  lived  at  the 
same  time  with  him." 

The  censures  of  Verstegan  and  Skinner  are  thus  rebuked. 
Mr.  Tj'rwhitt  also  contends  that  the  verse  in  which  the 
Canterbury  Tales  are  written,  although  apparently  irregu- 
lar, is  in  fact  as  correctly  rhythmical  as  the  verse  now  used. 
We  do  not  now  pronounce  the  final  e  in  many  words  in 
which  it  was  sounded  in  Chaucer's  time.  This  of  itself  is 
an  important  item  in  the  consideration  how  far  Chaucer  is 
to  be  censured  for  irregularities  in  rhythm.  The  following 
remarks  of  Mr.  Tyrwhitt  are  entitled  to  great  weight: 

"In  discussing  this  question  we  should  always  have  in  mind, 
that  the  correctness  and  harmony  of  an  Knglish  verse  depends  en- 
tirely upon  its  being  composed  of  a  certain  number  of  syllables, 
and  its  having  the  accents  of  those  syllables  properly  placed.  In 
order,  therefore,  to  form  any  judgment  of  the  VeVsitication  of 
Chaucer,  it  is  necessary  that  we  should  know  the  syllabical  value, 
if  I  may  use  the  expression,  of  his  words,  and  the  accentual  value 
of  his  syllables,  as  they  were  commonly  pronounced  in  his  time; 
fnr  without  that  knowledge,  it  is  not  more  probable  that  we  should 
determine  justly  upon  the  exactness  of  his  metres,  than  that  we 
should  be  able  to  cast  up  rightly  an  account  stated  in  coins  of  a 
former  age,  of  whose  correct  rate  and  determination  we  are  totally 
ignorant." 

We  commend  these  observations  to  some  of  our  modern 
index-critics. 

Dryden's  comment  is  perfectly  correct: 

''  The  verse  of  Chaucer,  I  confess  is  not  harmonious  to  us;  they 
who  lived  with  him,  and  some  time  after  him,  thought  it  musi- 
cal, &c." 

And  the  reason  is  perfectly  obvious ;  but  we  do  not  won- 
der that  Dryden  refused  to  believe  all  that  Speght  claimed 
for  Chaucer's  versification.  Mr.  Tj'rwhitt's  theory  (which 
was  that  of  Gray,  also)  was  generally  concurred  in  until 
the  appearance  of  Dr.  Nott's  edition  of  the  poems  of  Sur- 
rey and  AVyatt.  Many  considered  that  Ductur  N.  had  de- 
monstrated the  arguments  of  the  former  to  be  erroneous. 
But  we  have  already  lingered  sufficiently  long  upon  a 
hydra-headed  subject,  and  the  reader  must  pursue  the  in- 
vestigation by  a  reference  to  the  authorities  cited,  and  to 
Mr.  Hallam's  Literary  History  of  Europe.  Mr.  Warton's 
illustrations  in  the  following  lines  are  well  worthy  of  quo- 
tation : 

'•I  consider  Chaucer  as  a  genial  day  in  an  English  spring.  A 
biilliant  sun  enlivens  the  face  of  nature  with  an  unusual  lustre : 
the  siidden  appearance  of  cloudless  skies,  and  the  unexpected 
warmth  of  a  tepid  atmosphere,  after  the  ^loom  and  the  inclemencies 
of  a  tedious  winter,  fill  our  hearts  with  the  visionary  prospect  of  a 
speedy  summer;  and  we  fondly  anticipate  a  long  continuance  of 
gentle  gales  and  vernal  serenity.  But  winter  returns  with  redou- 
bled horrors:  the  clouds  condense  more  formidably  than  before; 
and  those  tender  buds  and  early  blossoms,  which  were  called  forth 
by  the  transient  gleam  of  a  temporary  sunshine,  are  nipped  by  frosts, 
and  torn  by  tempests." — Thos.  Warton:  History  of  Eng.  Pott)-y. 

Dr.  Joseph  Warton,  in  his  Essay  on  the  AVritings  and 
Genius  of  Pope,  remarks  that  Chaucer  excels  as  much  in 
the  pathetic  and  sublime  as  he  does  in  his  manner  of  treat- 
ing light  and  ridiculous  subjects. 

"  I  take  unceasing  delight  in  Chaucer.  His  manly  cheerfulness 
is  especially  delicious  to  me  in  my  old  age.  How  exquisitely  ten- 
der he  is,  yet  how  perfectly  free  from  the  least  touch  of  sickly 
melancholy,  or  morbid  drooping." — S.  T.  Coleridge;  and  see  Ilip- 
pisley's  Early  En-^lish  Literature. 

Mr.  Campbell  concludes  his  essay  upon  Chaucer  with  a 
remark  which  the  admirer  of  the  poet  will  fully  confirm  : 

■'After  four  hundred  years  have  closed  over  the  mii-thful  features 
which  formed  the  living  originals  of  the  poet's  descriptions,  [in  the 
Canterbury  Tales.]  bis  pases  impress  the  fancy  with  the  momentary 
credence  that  they  are  still  alive;  as  if  Time  had  rebuilt  his  ruios, 
and  were  reacting  the  last  scenes  of  existence." — Essay  on  English 
Pbetry. 

*'Tn  elocution  and  elegance,  in  harmony  and  perspicuity  of  ver- 
sification, Chaucer  surpasses  his  predecessors  in  an  intinite  pi-opoi^ 
tion;  hisgenius  was  universal,  and  adapted  to  themes  ofunbounded 
variety;  and  his  merit  was  not  less  in  p;tinting  Ihmiliar  manners 
with  humour  and  propriety,  than  in  moving  the  passions,  and  re- 
presenting the  beautiful  or  gi-aud  objects  of  nature,  with  grace  and 
sublimity." — Thos.  AVarton. 

Like  many  others  who  have  given  their  thoughts  to  the 
world,  without  an  ever-present,  proper  sense  of  moral  re- 
sponsibility, Chaucer  in  his  last  hours  bitterly  bewailed 
some  too  well-remembered  lines,  "  which  dying"  he  vainly 


CIIA 


CUE 


wished  "to  blot."     "Wo  is  me,  wo  is  me,"  he  exclaimed 
in  that  solemn  hour,  "  that  I  cannot  recall  and  annul  those 
things  which  I  have  written  :  but  alas  !  they  are  now  con- 
tinued from  man  to  man,  and  I  cannot  do  what  I  desire !" 
One  thing,  however,  he  could  do:  from  the  depths  of  his 
sincere  repentance  and  hearty  contrition,  he  could  send 
forth  a  warning  voice  to  his  fellow-men,  urging  them  to  a 
submissive  endurance  of  earthly  trials,  and  a  constant  re- 
ference in  their  actions  to  that  enduring  habitation  which 
the  Judge  of  all  the  earth  hath  prepared  for  them  who  "  by 
patient  continuance  in  well-doing,  look  for  glory,  honour, 
and  iniuiortality."     To  these  wholesome  meditations  of  the 
dying  poet,  we  owe  the  '"  Good  Counsail"  of  Chaucer,  by 
the  quotation  of  the  conclusion  of  which  we  shall  help  to 
promote  the  design  of  the  author,  and  perhaps  confer  uo 
inconsiderable  benefit  upon  some  thoughtless  reader: 
"That  thee  is  sent  receive  in  buxomuesse. 
The  wrastliDj^  of  this  world  asketh  a  tiUl, 
Here  is  no  home,  here  is  but  wildernesse, 
Forth,  pilgrime!  forth,  beast,  out  of  thy  stall! 
Looke  up  on  hi;^h,  and  thauke  God  of  all! 
Weive  thy  lusts,  and  let  thy  ghost  thee  lede, 
And  trouth  thee  shall  deliver,  it  is  no  drede." 

Chauchard,  Captain.  Map  of  Germany,  Arc, ISOO.fol. 

Chauucy,  Angel,  D.D.     Sernis.,  Lon.,  1747,  'oS,  4to. 

Chauncy,  Charles,  1592-1672,  a  Nonconformist  di- 
vine, a  native  of  Hertfordshire,  was  educated  at  West- 
minster School,  and  at  Trinity  College,  Cambridge.  He 
emigrated  to  New  England,  and  in  1654  became  President 
of  Harvard  College,  which  office  he  retained  until  his  de- 
cease. Serms.,  1655,  'i>6;  26  on  Justification,  1659.  An- 
tisynodalia  Americana.  1662.  He  also  wrote  an  article 
prefixed  to  Leigh's  Critica  Sacra,  Lon.,  1639,  «i;c.,4to.  See 
Mather's  Magnalia;  Rushworth's  Hist.  Coll. ;  Neal'sN.  E.; 
Hutchinson  ;  Holmes. 

Chauncy,  Charles,  D.D.,  1705-17S7,  a  native  and 
minister  of  Boston,  a  descendant  of  the  above,  pub.  a  num- 
ber of  sermons  and  theolog.  treatises,  1731-85. 

'■  lie  was  eminent  for  his  learning,  and  ftr  the  spirit  of  inde- 
pendence which  marked  his  inquiries."  See  Clarke's  Funeral 
Serm.,  Miller,  ii.  StJS. 

Chauncy,  Sir  Henry,  1032-1719.  of  the  Middle 
Temple,  was  admitted  of  Gonvil  and  Ciiius  College,  Cam- 
bridge, in  1647.  In  16SS  he  was  made  a  Welsh  Judge. 
Historical  Antiquities  of  Hertfordshire,  &e.,  Lon.,  1700,  fol. 

^'  The  near  affinity  historical  antiquities  have  to  that  strience  [the 
Law]  which  I  have  studii?d  .ind  all  along  practised,  obliged  me  to 
be  conversant  in  authors  that  treat  thereof." — Prpfac-. 

See  Savage's  Librarian,  and  Upcott's  British  Topogra- 
phy. Sir  Henry  left  some  additions  to  this  work,  which 
were  the  foundation  of  Salmon's  History  of  Hertfordshire, 
Lon.,  1728,  fol. 

Chauncy,  Isaac,  d.  1712.  Theological  treatises,1692- 
1737. 

Chauncy,  Isaac,  d.  1745,  aged  74.    Sermon,  1729. 

Chauncy,  Maurice,  d.  1581.  a  monk  of  the  Charter 
House.  Historia  alitpiot  nostri  Siuculi  Martyrum,  Mentz, 
1550,  4to.  Much  of  this  work  will  be  found  in  Strypo's 
Ecclesiastical  Memorials.  Chauncy  wrote  some  other 
works  :  see  Athcn.  Oxon. 

Chauncy,  Nath.,  of  Connecticut.     Serms.,  1719.  '34. 

Chauncy,  William.  TheKootingout  of  the  Romishe 
Supremacie,  Lou.,  1580. 16mo.  The  Conversion  of  a  Gentle- 
man long  Tyme  misled  in  Poperie  to  the  sincere  and  true 
Profession  of  the  Gospel  of  Christ  Jesus,  1587,  4to. 

Chaundler,  E.     See  Chandler. 

Cliaundler,  Thomas.     See  Chandler. 

Chauvel,  R.  A.     Sermon,  1805. 

Chauvenet,  William,  b.  1820.  in  Pennsylvania. 
Qrad.  Yale  Coll.,  Pruf.  Astron.  U.  S.  Naval  Acad.,  Anna- 
polis, Maryland,  which  flourishing  institution  he  was  chiefly 
instrumental  in  establishing.  Prof,  of  Math,  in  U.  S.  Navy, 
1841.  Treatise  on  Plane  and  Spheric.  Trigonometry,  Phila- 
delphia, 3<led.,  1853. 

"  We  know  of  no  English  work,  in  which  the  subject  of  Spheri- 
cal Trigonometry,  especially,  is  presented  in  so  satisfactory  a  man- 
ner."— Atna:  Jour.  Sci.,  Sept.,  1850. 

"  In  this  work  he  has  rendered  good  service  to  science." — Astron. 
Jour.,  vol.  i.  No.  13. 

"  This  is  the  most  complete  treatise  on  Trigonometry  extant  in 
the  English  language." — Jour.  FranUia  InstdtUe,  vol.  xx.  No.  3. 

Contributor  to  Amer.  Jour.  Sci.;  Amer.  Astron.  Jour.; 
and  collaborator  in  the  preparation  of  the  Amer.  Ephe- 
meris  published  under  the  auspices  of  government,  for 
which  he  lias  furnished  new  and  original  methods  of  find- 
ing longitude  by  lunars,  ^c. 

Chavasse,  William,  surgeon.     Med.  Con.,  17S5, 

Chavernac,  T.     Surgery  in  France,  1801.  4to. 

Cheare,  Abr.     Words  in  Season,  Lon.,  16118,  12mo. 

Cheaste^  Thomas.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1(313,  foL 


Checkley,  John,  16S0?-1753.  an  Episcopal  minister 
of  Boston,  Mass.     Theolog.  treatises,  1715,  '20,  •27, '28,  '38. 

Checkley,  Samuel,  d.  1769,  aged  73,  a  minister  of 
Boston,  Mass.     Serms..  1727,  '48,  '55. 

Checus,  Sir  John.     See  Cheke. 

Chedsey,  William,  President  of  Corpus  Christi  Col- 
lege, Oxford,  1558.  Serm.  at  Panics  Crosse,  Nov.  16, 1544, 
Lon.,  8i)ie  anno.  Disputation  with  Cranmer,  Philpot.  Ac, 
1545-55.  lie  was  a  zealous  Roman  Catholic  ;  was  deprived 
of  his  preferments,  and  committed  to  the  Fleet  Prison. 

Chedworth,  John,  Lord.  Notes  upon  some  of  the 
Obscure  Passages  in  Shakspeare's  Plays,  Lon.,  1805,  8vo. 
Privately  printed;  now  scarce.  Extracts  from  Lord  C. 'a 
MSS.  will  be  found  in  Seymour's  Remarks  upon  Shaks- 
peare,  Lon..  1805,  2  vuls.  8vo.  Letters  (140)  from  Lord 
Chedworth  to  Rev.  Thos.  Crompton,  1828,  4to. 

Cheeke,  Henry,     Trans,  of  Freewyl,  a  Tragcdie. 

Cheeseman,  Lewis,  D.D.  Difference  between  Old 
and  A'cw  School  Presbyterians,  Rochester,  N.  York,  1848, 
12mo.     Ishmael  and  the  Church,  Phila.,  1856.  12mo. 

Cheesman,  Abraham.    Serms.,  Lon.,  1663,  'i)S,  Svo. 

Checsman,  Christopher.  Berkshire's  Agent's  hum- 
ble Address,  Lon.,  1051.  4to. 

Cheesman,  Thomas.    Serms.,  1G95,  1707,  4to. 

Cheetham,  James,  d.  ISIO,  aged  37.  A  Reply  to 
Aristides,  1S04.     Life  of  Thomas  Paine,  1809. 

Cheetham,  Robert  Farren,  Poems,  Stockport, 
1798,  4to.     Odes  and  Miscellanies,  1798,  Svo, 

Cheever,  Ezekiel,  1617-170S,  a  native  of  London, 
emigrated  to  New  England,  and  resided  at  Boston,  1671- 
1708,  as  a  teacher.  He  pub.  a  Latin  Accidence,  which 
passed  through  20  editions. 

Cheever,  George  Barrel!,  D.D.,  b.  1807,  at  Hallo- 
well,  Maine,  graduated  at  Bowdoin  College,  1825  ;  installed 
pastor  of  the  Allen  Street  Church,  New  York  City,  1839  j 
of  the  Church  of  the  Puritans  in  New  York,  1846.  See 
Men  of  the  Time,  N.  York,  1852,  12mo.  Dr.  C.  has  con- 
tributed largely  tu  The  Biblical  Repository,  North  Ameri- 
can Review,  Quarterly  Repository,  &c.  AVe  note  some  of 
his  works  :  The  American  Common  Place  Book  of  Prose, 
1828;  of  Poetry,  1829.  Studies  in  Poetry,  1830.  Inquire 
at  Amos  Giles's  Distillery.  This  led  to  a  famous  lawsuit. 
God's  Hand  in  America,  1841.  Lectures  on  Hierarchical 
Despotism.  Lectures  on  Pilgrim's  Progress,  1843.  This 
work  has  been  highly  commended. 

"  All  readers  of  the  charming  allegory  should  not  fait  to  read  the 
Lectures." — Ch.  Chronicle. 

"Wanderings  of  a  Pilgrim  in  the  shadow  of  Mont  Blanc, 
Ac,  1846;  ditto  to  Jungfrau.  The  Hill  Ditficulty,  &c., 
1849.  Christian  Melodies,  (in  conjunction  with  J.  E.  Sweet- 
ser.)  Selection  of  Hymns  and  Tunes.  The  Right  of  the 
Bible  in  the  Common  Schools. 

*'It  is  a  question  which  in  its  decision  is  to  influence  the  happi- 
ness, the  temporal  and  eternal  welfiire,  of  one  hundred  millions  of 
human  beings." — Daniel  Webster. 

The  Voice  of  Nature  to  her  Foster-Child,  the  Soul  of 
Man,  1852,  12mo.  A  Reel  in  the  Bottle  for  Jack  in  the 
Doldrums,  1852,  12mo. 

"Another  veiitablo  Pilgrim's  Progress, — only  made  by  sea,  and 
with  the  greater  variety  of  peril  incident  to  that  way  of  travelling. 
Some  of  the  best  traits  of  Buuyan's  immortal  poem  are  here  re- 
produced." 

Journal  of  the  Pilgrims  at  Plymouth,  N.Y.,  1848, 12mo. 
Punishment  by  Death  ;  its  Authority  and  E.\pediency, 
1849,  12mo.  The  Windings  of  the  River  of  the  Water  of 
Life,  1849.  Powers  of  theAVorld  to  Come,  1853.  Lectures 
on  Cow(»er,  1856.     God  against  Slavery,  1857. 

Cheever,  Rev.  Henry  T.,  a  popular  author,  brother 
of  the  preceding.  The  Whale  and  his  Captors,  N.Y.,  1849, 
ISmo.  The  Island-Wurld  of  the  Pacific,  1851,  12mo.  Life 
in  the  Sandwich  Islands,  12mo. 

"An  agreeable  addition  to  Kev.  Mr.  Cheever's  former  works  on 
the  Pacific,  written  in  a  kindly  tone  to  Christians  and  Heathen. 
...  It  will  be  found  an  agreeable  and  sensible  work,  with  an  ap- 
pendix contiiining  valuable  commercial  stiitistics." — iV.  J'.  Literary 
World. 

Autobiography  and  Memorials  of  Capt.  Obadiah  Congat, 
16mo,  1851. 

'•  It  is  proper  that  the  example  of  stirh  a  man  should  be  em- 
balmed, and  Mr.  Cheever  has  done  it  well."'— iV.  i'.  Obs'^irr. 

To  Mr.  Cheever  we  are  indebted  for  the  Memoir  of  the 
Rev.  Walter  Colton,  {q,  v.)  prefixed  to  Mr.  Colton's  Sea 
and  Sailor,  &c, 

"It  is  Well  written,  warmly  and  kindly,  as  biography  ought  to 
be.  and  with  good  taste." — iV.  F.  Evangelist. 

Biography  of  Nathaniel  Cheever,  M.D.,  1851,  12mo: 
vide  post.  The  Pulpit  and  the  Pew,  N.Y.,  1858,  12mo. 
Highly  commended. 

Cheever,  Nathaniel^  M.D.     Biography  of.  by  Rot. 

375 


CHE 

Hannah  Foster)  was  author  of  one  of  the  earliest  Ameri- 
can novels,  The  Coquette,  or  the  History  of  Eliza  Whar- 
ton;  repub.  in  1855.     See  Foster,  Hannah. 

iDheiiey,  John.     On  Conformity,  Lon.,  1680,  Sto. 
Chcringlon,  Lord  Viscount.     Memoirs  of  the  Go- 
vernment and  Manners  of  the  present  Portuguese,  Lon., 
1782,  2  vols.  12mo.     See  Monthly  Mag.  for  1782. 

Chernocke,  Robert.  Piipcrs  dcl'd  to  Sheriffs  of 
London  and  Middlese.x,  1695,  fol. 

Cherpillourd,  J.  Book  of  French  Versions,  &e., 
1817,  I2mo. 

Cherry,  A.     Dramatic  Pieces,  1793-1807. 
Cherry,  Henry  C.     Illustrations  of  the  Fasts  and 
Festivals,  Lou.,  12nio,  1844. 
"  \\<:  boldly  recommend  these  lectures.'' — X™.  Chrid.  Rememb. 
Cherry,  John.     Scottish  Poetry,  Glasg.,  1806,  12mo. 
Chertsey,  Andrew.     The  Passiim  of  Christ,  Lon., 
1520,  4to;  trans,  from  the  French.     The  Floure  of  God's 
Commandments,  1521.  fol.     Other  publications.     See  War- 
ton's  Hist,  of  English  Poetry. 

Chesebro',  Caroline,  a  native  of  Canandaigua, 
New  York,  has  pub.  several  volumes,  and  is  a  contributor 
to  some  of  the  principal  American  periodicals.  Dream- 
land by  Daylight,  1S51.  Isa,  a  Pilgrimage,  1852.  The 
Children  of  Light,  1852.  The  Little  Cross-Bearers,  1853. 
See  Hart's  Female  Prose  Writers  of  America,  1854. 

Cheselden,  William,  1688-1752,  an  eminent  sur- 
geon and  anatomist,  a  native  of  Leicestershire,  studied 
under  Cowper,  the  celebrated  anatomist,  and  Feme,  the 
head  surgeon  of  St,  Thomas's  Hospital.  At  the  age  of  22 
he  began  to  read  lectures  in  anatomy,  and  at;^.'i  was  chosen 

.  „  member  of  the  Royal  Society.     Syllabus  of  a  Course  of 

grave,  and  he  was  gathered  to  his  fathers  at  the  early  age  ;  Lectures  on  Anatomy,  Lon.,  1711,  4to.  The  Anatomy  of 
of  43.  England  could  have  better  afforded  the  loss  of  i  the  Human  Body,  1713,  8vo ;  1722;  with  thirty-four 
many  courtiers  than  of  this  great  man!  Sir  John  left  many  '  coppcr-plales,  1726  ;  1730;  11th  edit,  1778.  Treatise  on 
works  in  MS.,  a  catalogue  of  which  we  find  in  Stry]ie,  the  High  Operation  for  Stone,  1723,  8vo ;  attacked  in  Litho- 
His  publications  consist  almost  entirely  of  translations  tomus  Castratus.  Osteograiihia,  or  An.atomy  of  the  Bones; 
from  the  Greek  into  the  Latin  tongue,  and  from  English  i  „ith  plates  the  size  of  life,  1728,  '33,  large  fol.  ;  attacked 
into  Latin,  Ac.  A  Latin  trans,  of  two  of  St.  Chrysostom's  jn  1735  by  John  Douglass,  in  Remarks  on  that  Pompous 
Homilies,  1543,  4to ;  of  six  ditto,  1645,  8vo.    The  Hurt  of  ,  Work,  the  Osteography  of  Mr.  Cheselden, 


CHE 

Henry  T.  Cheever,  with  an  introduction  by  George  B. 
Cheever,  D.D.,  New  York,  1851,  12mo. 

"  It  is  lull  of  the  most  weighty  Christian  lessons ;  and  no  one  can 
peruse  it  and  not  he  struck  with  the  orijiinality  of  the  character 
illustrnted.  nor  without  laying  it  aside  a  wiser  and  better  man." 

Cheever,  Samuel,  d.  1724,  aged  85,  a  son  of  Ezekiel 
Cheever,  was  the  first  minister  of  Marblehead.  Serm.,  1712. 

Cheisley,  John.     Letter,  1647,  4to. 

Cheisolm,  Guil.  Scotus  et  Episc.  Varionensis.  E.t- 
amen  Confessionis  Fidel  Calviniante,  Aven.,  1601,  8vo.  In 
French,  Paris,  1603,  8vo. 

Cheke,  Sir  John,  1514-1557,  a  native  of  Cambridge, 
was  admitted  into  St.  John's  College  in  1531.  and  applied 
himself  with  such  zeal  to  the  study  of  the  Greek  language — 
then  much  neglected  in  England — that  about  1540,  when 
the  king  founded  a  Greek  professorship  in  the  University 
of  Cambridge,  Cheke,  only  26  years  of  age,  was  chosen 
the  first  professor.  His  persevering  efforts  to  reform  the 
English  pronunciation  of  Greek  were  crowned  with  success, 
although  violently  opposed  by  Bishop  Gardiner  and  others. 
In  1644  he  was  appointed  one  of  the  Latin  tutors  to  Prince 
Edward.  He  was  a  zealous  advocate  of  the  Protestant 
Reformation,  and  interested  in  the  settlement  of  the  crown 
upon  Lady  Jane  Grey.  Upon  the  accession  of  Queen  Mary 
he  was  imprisoned  in  the  Tower,  from  whence  the  queen's 
pardon  released  him,  and  he  travelled  for  some  time  on  the 
Continent  But  he  was  too  important  a  personage  to  be 
overlooked  by  the  persecutors  of  the  day ;  and  being  ar- 
rested near  Brussels,  was  sent  to  Londim,  again  imprisoned 
in  the  Tower,  and  only  escaped  martyrdom  by  an  open  re- 
cantation of  the  principles  of  the  Reformation.  The  re- 
morse which  followed  this  step  soon  brought  him  to  the 


Sedition,  1549.  8vo;  and  in  Ilolinshed's  Chronicle,  anno 
1549.  A  Latin  trans,  of  the  English  Communion  Book, 
done  for  the  use  of  M.  Bucer;  vide  Bucer's  Opuscula 
Anglicana;  a  Latin  trans,  of  Cranmer's  Book  on  the  Lord's 
Supper,  1553.  The  New  Testament  in  Englishe,  after  the 
Greeke  trans.,  1550.  8vo.     A  Latin  trans,  of  the  English 


The  work  received  a  more  judicious  censure  from  the  celebrated 
Haller,  who,  whilst  he  caudidly  pointed  out  its  errors,  paid  the 
writer  that  tribute  of  applause  which  he  so  justly  deserved. 
Ileister,  likewise,  in  his  Compendium  of  Anatomy,  has  done  jus- 
tice to  its  merit." — Biorf.  Brit. 

To  Goutcher's  trans,  of  Le  Dran's  Operations  in  Sur- 
gery, Cheselden  added  21   plates  and  some  valuable  re- 


Communion  Book.    De  Snperstitione  ad  Rogem  Henricum.  !  Jiai-ks.     Cheselden  made  many  improvements  in  surgery, 
The  Latinity  of  this  piece  has  been  greatly  commended.  I  and  banished  the  complicated  French  instruments  formerly 


Some  Letters.     Sir  John  pub.  a  few  other  pieces, 

"  As  to  his  character,  he  was  justly  accounted  one  of  the  best  and 
most  learned  men  of  his  a^e,  and  a  singular  ornament  to  his  country. 
He  was  one  of  the  revivers  of  polite  literature  in  Kngland.  and  a 
great  lover  and  encourager  of  the  Greek  language  in  particular." 

"  The  E.'ichequer  of  eloquence ;  a  man  of  men,  supernaturally 
traded  in  all  tongues.'' — Nash's  Letter  to  the  Two  Universities,  vide 
Athen.  Oxon.  See,  also,  Strype's  Life  of  Cheke;  of  Cranmer;  of 
Parker;  and  Biog.  Brit. 

Cheke,  William.  Anagrammata  &  Chron.  Agram- 
mata  Regia,  Lon.,  1613,  8vo. 

Chelsum,  James,  D.D.,  1740-1 801,  educated  at  West- 
minster School,  and  at  St.  John's  College,  and  Christ 
Church,  Cambridge.  Remarks  on  Mr.  Gibbon's  Roman 
History,  Lon.,  1772,  8vo;  enlarged.  1778.  8vo.  Reply  to 
Gibbon's  Vindication,  Winchest,  1785,  8vo.      Hist  of  the 


in  use.     Sharpe  acknowledges  his  great  obligations  to  him. 
Pope  held  him  in  high  esteem  ; 

"1  wondered  a  little  at  your  quaere,  who  Cheselden  was.  It 
shews  that  the  truest  merit  does  not  travel  sn  far  any  way  as  on 
the  wings  of  poetry.  He  is  the  most  noted  and  most  deserving 
man  in  the  whole  profession  of  chirurgery ;  and  has  saved  the 
lives  of  thousands  by  his  manner  of  cutting  for  the  stone." — 
Letter  from  Pojie  to  Swift. 

We  find  the  worthy  surgeon  also  celebrated  in  the  versea 
of  his  poetical  admirer  : 

"  To  keep  these  limbs,  and  to  preserve  these  eyes, 
I'll  do  what  Mead  and  Cheselden  advise." 
Cheshire,  John.    Rheumatism,  Ac,  Lon.,  1723,  8to. 
Cheshire,  Thomas.     Serms..  1641.  '42. 
Chesney,  Col.  Francis  Rawdon,  b.  1789,  in  Ire- 
land.    The  Expedition  for  the  Survey  of  the  Rivers  Eu- 


Art  of  Engraving  in  Mezzotint,  Winchest,  1786.  8vo.     He    phrates  and  Tigris,  1835,  "36,  '37,  Lon.,  1850,  Ac,  4  vols. 


is  supposed  to  have  contributed  to  Olla  Podrida,  pub.  at 
Oxford.     He  pub.  some  occasional  Serms.,  1777-93. 

"  His  learning  was  extensive;  and  his  manners,  though  some- 
what austere,  were  yet  amiable." 

Chenevix,  Richard,  d.  1830,  a  native  of  Ireland. 
Dramatic  Poems,  ISOl,  8vo.  Chemical  Nomenclature,  1802, 
12mo.  Mineralogical  Systems,  18U,  8vo.  Chemical  Con- 
tributions to  Phil.  Trans.,  1801,  '02,  03,  '04,  '05  ;  to  Nic. 
Jour.,  1801,  '10;  to  Trans.  Irish  Acad.,  viii.  233.  The 
Mantuan  Rivals ;  a  Comedy  ;  Henry  VII. ;  Hist  Trag., 
1812,  8vo. 

"  The  boldest,  the  most  elabo^,^te,  and.  upon  the  whole,  the  most 


8vo.  On  Fire-Arras,  8vo.  Russo-Turkish  Campaigna 
of  1828,  '29,  Lon.,  1852;  3d  ed.  May,  1854. 

"  Few  men  possess  more  extensive  knowledge,  personal  and 
other,  of  the  geography  and  statistics  of  the  East." — Lon.  Athen. 

Chester,  Robert.  Love's  Martyr;  or  Bosalin'a 
Complaint.  Lon.,  1601.  4to.  To  this  trans,  from  the  ItSr- 
lian  are  added  some  Poems  of  Shakspeare,  Jonson,  Mar- 
ston,  and  others.  A  very  rare  volume  :  sold  at  the  Rox- 
burghe  sale  for  £24  3». ;  Sykes's,  £61  lOs. ;  priced  in 
Bibl.  Anglo-Poet,  £50. 

Chesterfield,  Philip  Dormer  Stanhope,  Eail 
of,  1694-1773,  was  the  eldest  son  of  Philip,  third  Earl  of 


Buccessful.  imitation  of  the  general  style,  taste,  and  diction  of  our     Chesterfield,  by  Lady  Elizabeth  Saville.  daughter  of  George, 
older  dramatists,  that  has  appeared  in  the  present  times."— Edm.  i  Marquis  of  Halifax.      In   his   18th  year  he  was  entered  of 


Kevieiv.  . 

An  Essay  upon  National  Character,  2  vols.  Svo.  (Posth.) 
"  What  a  noble  legacy  for  a  man  to  leave  liehind  him  1     In  these 

volumes  are  garnered  the  Labours  of  a  life." — Lon.  Literary  Gaz. 

Cheney,  Harriet  V.,  a  native  of  Massachusetts. 
The  Sunday  School,  or  Village  Sketches ;  written  in  con- 
junction with  her  sister.  A  Peep  at  the  Pilgrims.  'The 
Rivals  of  Acadia.  Sketches  from  the  Life  of  Christ; 
Confessions  of  an  Early  Martyr;  pub.  in  1840.  Mrs. 
Gushing,  her  sister,  has  pub.  Esther,  a  dramatic  pnem,  and 
•ome  works  for  the  young.  Mrs.  Cheney's  mother  (Mrs. 
S76 


Trini'ty  Hall,  Cambridge,  where  he  studied  to  so  much 
purpose  that  he  left  the  University  an  excellent  classical 
scholar.  He  was  returned  for  St  Germain's  in  Cornwall 
in  the  first  Parliament  of  the  reign  of  George  I.,  and  in 
the  national  council.s,  as  well  as  in  the  diplomatic  positions 
which  he  afterwards  occupied,  displayed  considerable 
energy  of  character.  As  a  gentleman,  a  courtier,  and  a 
p.atron  of  literature,  he  aspired  to  fill  the  first  rank,  and 
his  ambition  was  gratified.  Johnson's  suit  to  the  "  Con- 
queror of  the  World,"  and   the  celebrated  letter  which 


CITE 


CHE 


closed  tbeir  distant  acquaintance,  is  ■well  known.  They 
were  not  calculated  to  be  agreeable  to  each  other.  The 
earl  considered  the  lexicographer  to  be  no  better  than  "a 
respectable  Hottentot."  and  the  awkward  scholar  styled 
the  nobleman  "  A  Wit  among  Lords,  and  a  Lord  among 
Wits."  Johnson's  letter  to  his  lordship  must  be  condemned 
as  a  piece  of  great  injustice.  The  cail  is  now  best  known 
by  his  Letters  to  his  Son,  (who  died  at  an  early  age,  in 
1768.)  1774,  2  vols.  4to ;  often  reprinted;  which  were  not 
intended  for  publication.  They  display  much  knowledge 
of  the  wort-t  part  of  the  world,  and  little  taste  for  any 
thing  of  a  more  elevated  character. 

"Tbuse  who  wish  to  see  the  supt'riority  of  dissemblinfj  over 
openness  demonstiatcd  with  admiialile  furce,  may  consult  the 
philosopher  of  Hatfeiy  find  dissimulation." — De  V£,be. 

'•  It  was  not  to  be  wondered  at  that  they  had  so  great  a  sale, 
considering  that  they  were  the  letters  of  a  statesman,  a  wit,  one 
who  had  been  much  in  the  mouths  of  mankind,  one  long  accus- 
tomed vir6m  volitari'  per  nra.  .  .  .  Does  not  Lord  Chesterfield 
give  precepts  for  uniting  wickedness  and  the  graces?  .  .  .  Lord 
Chesterfield's  Letters  to  his  .Son,  1  think,  nii^ht  be  made  a  very 
pretty  book.  Take  out  the  immorality,  and  it  should  be  put  into 
the  hands  of  every  gentleman." — Dr.  Johnjon. 

What  Johnson  desired — an  expurgated  Chesterfield — 
has  been  prepared  by  Dr.  Trusler  (Principles  of  Politeness) 
and  others.  The  most  epigrammatic  description  which 
Johnson  gave  of  the  Letters,  for  obvious  reasons  we  have 
not  quoted. 

It  is  not  a  little  curious  that  these  Letters  should  have 
been  rc|nib.  in  Boston  as  early  as  1779;  five  years  after 
the  first  London  edition.  His  lordship's  Miscellaneous 
Works  were  pub.  in  1777,  Lon.,  2  vols.  4to  ;  Appendix, 
1778,  4to,  (of  doubtful  authenticity.)  Characters,  1777, 
12mo.  Supplement  to  his  Letters.  1777,  '87.  4to.  The 
Art  of  Pleasing,  in  Letters  to  his  Kephew,  1783,  12mo. 
Letters  to  his  Heir,  1783,  12mo.  Memoirs  of  Asiaticus, 
1784,  4to.  Particulars,  etc.,  respecting  Chesterfield  and 
Hume.  1788,  4to.  Letters,  including  many  now  first  pub- 
lished from  the  original  MSS.  Edited,  with  Notes,  by  Lord 
Mahon,  Lon.,  1845,  4  vols.  Svo.  The  papers  upon  John- 
sou's  Dictionary,  which  elicited  the  celebrated  response, 
are  Xos.  100  and  101  in  The  World.  Some  verses  of  his 
composition  are  in  the  miscellanies  of  Dodsley,  Almon. 
Debret,  &c.  Pope  once  borrowed  his  diamond  ring,  and 
wrote  on  the  window  of  an  inn : 

"Accept  a  miracle  instead  of  wit, 
See  two  dull  lines  by  Stanhope's  pencil  writ." 

"Lord  Chestei-field's  eloquence,  though  the  fruit  of  study  and 
imitation,  was  in  a  great  measure  his  own.  Equal  to  most  of  hi? 
contemporaries  in  eloquence  and  perspicuity,  perhaps  surpassed 
by  some  in  e.\tensiveness  and  strength,  he  could  have  no  compe- 
titors in  choice  of  imagery,  taste,  urbanity,  and  graceful  irony." — 
Da.  Maty. 

"Chesterfield's  entrance  info  the  world  was  announced  by  his 
bons  mots;  and  his  closing  lips  dropped  repartees,  that  sparkled 
with  his  juvenile  fire." — Horace  Walpole. 

Chesterfield,  Thomas  de,  Canon  of  Lichfield. 
Historia  de  Episcopis  Coventrentibus  et  Lichfield  a  prima 
sedis  foundationc  ad  annum  1347.  cum  notis. 

Chesterton,  George  Laval,  for  about  twenty-seven 
years  Governor  of  Cold-Bath  Fields  Prison.  Proceedings 
in  Venezuela,  1819-20,  Lon.,  1820,  Svo,  Revelations  of 
Prison  Life,  ISofi,  2  vols.  Svo;  two  eds.  in  same  year. 

"  As  a  cuiious  bit  of  human  history  these  volumes  are  remark- 
able. They  are  very  real,  very  simple, — dramatic  without  exaggo- 
ration,  philosopliic  without  being  dull." — Lon.  Athcn.,  18it6.  KOo- 

Che^ton,  K.  B.     Profess,  treatises,  17f't6,  '80,  '84. 

Chethaui,  Jas.  Angler's  Vade-Mccum.  Lon..  1CS9.  Svo. 

Chetham,  Johu.     Psalmody;  Sth  edit..  1752,  Svo. 

Chettle,  Henry,  a  dramatic  writer  of  the  age  of 
Elizabeth,  was  tlic  author  of  the  Tragedy  of  Huffman,  or 
a  Revenge  fur  a  Father,  1631,  4to;  and"  was  concerned, 
more  or  less,  according  to  Henslowe's  Diary,  in  the  pro- 
duction of  38  plays,  "only  four  of  which  have  been 
printed  and  have  descended  to  us."  See  Collier's  Hist,  of 
English  Dramatic  Poetry,  and  the  Biog.  Dramat. 

Chetwind,  Charles.  Narrative  rel.  to  Mr.  Ireland, 
executed  for  Hi^-^h  Treason,  Lon..  1679.  fol. 

Chetwind,  Edward,  D.D.  Serms.,  1608,  '12.  Vow 
of  Teares  fur  the  Losse  of  Prince  Henry,  1612,  Svo. 

Chetwind,  .John.     See  Chktwynd. 

Chetwind,  Philip.    Petition  to  Parliament.  1649,  fol. 

Chetw^ood,  Knightly,  D.D.,  1652-1720,  Fellow  of 
King's  College,  Cambri-lge,  1683.  Serms.,  1700.  '08,  '15. 
Speech,  1715.  Life  of  Lycurgus,  in  trans,  of  Plutarch's 
Lives,  pub.  in  lfiS3.     Poems  in  Nichols's  Collection,  <fec. 

Chetwood,  William  Rufus,  d.  1766.  The  Lover's 
Opera,  Lon.,  1730,  Svo.  Gentral  History  of  the  Stage, 
1749.     Plays,  1750.     The  British  Theatre,  1750,  12mo. 

*' A  compilation  full  of  the  prossest  blunders." 

Life  of  Ben  Jonson,  1756,  12mo.     Theatrical  Records, 


1756,  12mo.  George  Steevens  did  not  venerate  Chetwood 
as  an  author ;  he  calls  him 

'*  A  liloi-kh.  ad,  and  a  measureless  and  bungling  liar." 

Chetwynd,  James.  Treatise  on  Fines,  Lon.,  1773,4to. 

Chetwynd,  Johu,  1623-1692,  a  Presbyterian;  con- 
formed on  the  Restoration.  Serms.,  1653,  "59,  "82.  An- 
thologia  Historica,  1674,  Svo  ;  repub.  under  the  title  of 
Collections,  Historical,  Political,  Theological,  collected  out 
of  the  most  esteemed  Authors  of  all  Sorts  of  Learning, 
digested  into  fifteen  Centuries,  to  which  is  annexed  a  Cen- 
tury of  Legendary  Stories,  1691,  Svo.  He  edited  hia 
grandfather's  (Sir  John  Harrington)  Brief  View  of  the 
State  of  the  Church  of  Enghiiid,  Ac,  being  a  character 
and  history  of  the  Bishops,  1653,  12mo. 

Chevalier,  Thomas,  Surgeon,  d.  1824.  Observa- 
tions, Lon.,  1797,  8vo.  Introdue.  to  Lectures,  1801,  Svo, 
Treatise  on  Gun  Shot  Wounds,  1804,  12mo.  History  of  an 
Enbirgement,  &q.    Con.  to  Med.  Chir.  Trans.,  1S09,  "11,  "13. 

Chevalier,  Temple,  Prof.  Mathematics  and  Astro- 
nomy, and  Honorary  Ctinon  of  Durham.  Trans,  of  the 
Epistles  of  Clement,  Polycarp,  Ignatius,  and  of  the  Apo- 
logies of  Justin  Martyr  and  TertuUian,  Camb.,  1803,  Svo. 

■*An  ext-ellent  translation,  with  an  intniduetion.  and  briet  notes 
illustrative  of  the  ecclesiastical  history  of  the  first  two  centuries," 
— LnwNDFs. 

Historical  Types  in  the  Old  Testament:  20  Discourses 
preached  at  the'llulsean  Lecture  in  1826,  Camb.,  1826,  8vo. 

"  The  subject  chnsen  is  important  and  inteiestinir.  and  h:is  been 
illustrated  with  ability  and  judgment."' — British  Critic.  Oct.  IS21. 

On  the  Proofs  of  Divine  Power  and  AVisdom  derived 
from  the  Study  of  Astronomy  ;  preached  at  the  Hulsean 
Lecture,  1S27    Camb.,  1827   Svo. 

Chew,  Samuel,  Chief-Justice  of  Pennsylvania,  d. 
1744.  The  L.iwfulncss  of  Defence  against  an  Avowed 
Enemy,  1741,  '75.  Juilge  C.  was  a  Quaker,  and  this  pub- 
lication gave  great  offence  to  the  members  of  that  sect. 

Chewney,  \ichoIas.     Theolog.  treatises,  1656,  '60, 

Cheyn,  William.     Theolog.  treatises,  1718,  '20. 

Cheyne.     Funeral  Sermon,  1H69,  4to. 

Cheyne,  George,  M.D.,  1671-1743,  a  native  of  Scot- 
land, was  a  pupil  of  the  celebrated  Dr.  Archiliald  Pitcairn, 
whom  he  styles  his  '' grcnt  master  and  generous  friend." 
Dr.  Cheyne  pub.  a  number  of  medical,  theological,  and 
philosophical  works  ;  some  of  which  we  notice.  A  New 
Theory  of  acute  and  slow-continued  Fevers,  Lon.,  1702, 
Svo.  Flu.\iorum  Methodus  inversa,  &c.,  1703,  4to.  Plii- 
losophical  Principles  of  Natural  Religion,  1705,  Svo.  Ob- 
servations on  the  Gout,  Ac,  1720,  Svo.  Essay  on  Health 
and  Long  Life,  1725,   Svoj  in  Latin,  1726,   Svo;  Paring, 

1742,  2  vols.  12mo. 

'■  1  heartily  condemn  and  detest  nil  personal  reflections,  all  mar 
liciouH  and  unmannerly  terms,  and  all  false  and  unjust  misrepre- 
sentations, as  unbecomintj  gentlemen,  scholars,  aud  Christiaus." 
— /Vf/(j(T  to  Essii)/. 

What  a  noble  lesson  to  all  controversialists  ! 

The  English  Malady,  or  a  Treatise  of  Nervous  Diseases 
of  all  Kinds:  as  Spleens.  Vapours,  Lowness  of  Spirits,  Hy- 
pochondriacal and  Hysterical  Distempers,  Ac,  1733,  Svo. 
In  this  work  he  tells  us  he  never  found  any  sensible  tran- 
quillity till  he  came  to  the  firm  and  .settled  resolution,  viz. : 

"To  netllect  nnthinf!;  to  secure  my  eternal  peace,  more  than 
if  I  had  been  certified  I  should  die  within  the  day ;  nor  to  mind 
any  thin^r  that  ray  secular  obligations  aud  duties  demand  of  me, 
less  than  if  1  had  been  insured  to  live  filty  years  more." — English 
Miiiadij,  p.  'i'.'j'i. 

What  a  noble  example  to  all  men  ! 

Essay  on  Regimen,  1739,  Svo.  This  last  work  was  en- 
titled. Natural  Method  of  Curing  Diseases  of  the  Body, 
and  the  Disorders  of  the  Mind  depending  on  the  Body:  in 
three  parts,  1742,  Svo:  dedicated  to  the  Earl  of  Chester- 
field.    An  Account  of  Dr.  Cheyne  and  his  various  Cures, 

1743,  Svo. 

"  He  is  to  be  ranked  amoriK  those  physicians  who  have  accounted 
for  the  operations  of  un.-dicine,  and  the  morliid  alterations  which 
take  place  in  the  human  body,  upon  mechanical  principles.  A 
spirit  of  piety  and  benevolence,  and  an  ardent  zeal  for  the  inte- 
rests of  virtue,  are  predominant  throui^hout  his  writings.'' — T. : 
Bv-g.  Brit. 

Cheyne,  James,  d.  1602,  a  native  of  Aberdeen.  Pro- 
fess, of  Pliilns.,  and  Rector  of  the  Scuts  College  at  Donay. 
Analysis  in  Philosuphiam  Aristot.,  Douay,  1573,  Svo.  De 
Sph.xre  seu  Globi  Ccelestis  Fabrica,  1575,  Svo.  De  Geo- 
graphia;  lib.  duo,  1576,  Svo.  Orationes  duo,  1577,  Svo. 
Analysis  et  Scholia  in  Aristot.,  1578,  Svo.  Analysis  in 
Physiologiana  Aristoteliana,  Par.,  1580,  Svo. 

"  He  was  a  man  of  extraordinary  Krudition,  and  p'eat  Prudence; 
and  by  his  many  and  subtile  writings  in  I'hilosophy  and  Matho- 
matics.  acquired  a  p;reat  reputation." — (<kurok  Con,  trans,  from  the 
jAitiv  in  Miiclenzir's  .Satcfi  Wn'tcrs.  vol.  iii. 

Cheyne,  John,  M.D.,  1777-1836,  a  native  of  Leith, 
acted  for  some  time  as  assistant  to  bis  father,  who  prac- 

377 


CUE 


tised  medicine  and  surgery,  and  studied  pathology  with 
Sir  Charles  Bell  as  an  associate.  la  ISOS  ho  removed  to 
Dublin,  and  at  first  bad  so  little  success  that  his  receipts 
from  November,  1810,  to  May.  ISll,  were  only  three  gui- 
neas. From  1820  to  1830  they  averaged  £6000  per  an- 
num. Essays  on  the  Diseases  of  Children;  with  Cases 
and  Dissections,  Edin.,  ISOl,  '03,  '08.  On  Hydrocephalus 
acutus,  1808,  8vo.  The  Pathology  of  the  Membrane  of  the 
Larynx  and  Bronchia,  1809,  8vo.  Cases  of  Apoplexy  and 
of  Lethargy,  Lon.,  1812,  Svo. 

Cheyiie,  R.  M.,  and  A.  Bonar.  Narrative  of  a  Mis- 
sion of'lntiuiry  to  the  Jews  from  the  Church  of  Scotland 

in  1839. 

"We  have  enjoyed  no  travels  in  Palestine  like  these,  and  we 
have  read  munyr—Piesbulerian  Keview.  „,_..,       ,  „ 

"  The  volumes  furnish  delishtful  reading.  The  Scriptural  Ke- 
terences  amount  tn  more  than  900."— PriJitffore  Ilnnfw. 

Cheynell,  Francis,  1608-1665,  a  Nonconformist  di- 
vine, a  native  of  Oxford,  was  elected  Probationer  Fellow 
of  Merton  College  in  1629;  Rector  of  Petworth.  Sussex, 
1643  •  ejected  1662.  The  Rise,  Growth,  and  Danger  of 
Socinianisme,  Lon.,  1643,  4to.  In  this  hooli,  which  was 
pub  by  authority,  some  eminent  divines  were  charged  with 
Socinianism.  Chillingworthi  Novissima,  or  the  Sickness, 
Heresy,  Death,  and  Burial  of  W.  C,  1644,  4to;  also  pub. 
by  authority.  ^  ^      ... 

'■A  most  ludicrous  as  well  as  melancholy  instance  of  fanaticism, 
or  religious  madness."— ii/c  o/ (?'aHi>i(7i"'»-Wi. 

Cheynell  had  a  most  violent  antipathy  to  some  ot  cnil- 
lingworth's  views  and  to  his  memory,  and  evinced  it  in  a 
manner  not  the  most  decorous.  Sermons,  1645,  ■46,  4to. 
Disputation  between  Cheynell  and  Erburg,  1646,  4to.  The 
Sworn  Confederacy  between  the  Convocation  at  Oxford 
and  the  Tower  at  London,  1647,  4to.  Doctrine  of  the 
Holv  Trinity,  1650,  8vo.     The  Beacon  Flaming,  16o2,4to. 

••  1  shall  now  only  tell  you  that  he  was  accounted  by  many,  es- 
pecially those  of  his  party,  (who  had  him  always  in  great  venera- 
ttou,)  a  good  disputant  and  preacher,  and  better  he  might  have 
been  and  of  a  more  sober  temper,  had  he  not  been  trouliled  with 
a  weakness  in  his  head  which  some  in  his  time  called  craziness. 

Chibalil,  William.    Theolog.  Treatises,  1622,  25,  30. 

Chichester,  lidward.  Oppressions  and  Cruelties  of 
Irish  Revenue  Officers,  Lon.,  1818,  Svo.  See  McCulloch's 
Lit.  of  Polit.  Economy.    Deism  compared  with  Christianity, 

3  vols.  8vo.  ,     , .    .. 

"A.  book  of  reference,  containing  all  the  prmoipal  objections 
against  lieve.aled  Religion,  with  their  refutations." 

Chiilley,  Catherine.     Independent  Churches,  Ibii. 
Chidley,  Samuel.    Theolog.  treatises,  Lon.,  1651-57. 
Chifney.     Genius  Geuuine,  a  Treatise  on  Horses  and 
Horse  Racing,  Lon.,  1804,  Svo.  ,,.    «    »  v 

'•This  book,  containing  an  account  of  some  of  the  first  charac- 
ters on  the  turf,  i.=  said  to  have  been  suppressed."     I'ub.  at  i.5  6s. 
Chilcot,  Ilaiript.     See  Meziere. 
Chilcot,  William,  d.l7U.    Serm.,  1797,  Svo.     Seven 
Sermons   on    Evil    Thoughts,  1734,   12mo ;    1835,   32mo; 
1851.  ISmo. 

Child,  Miss.  Spinster  at  Home,  Lon.,  Svo. 
Child,  Francis  J.,  Boylston  Prof,  of  Rlietoric  and 
Oratory  in  Harvard  College.  lu  1S48,  soon  after  leaving 
college,  he  pub.  an  edition  of  some  old  plays,  under  the 
title  °of  Four  Old  Plays.  Is  editing,  (1858,)  with  much 
success,  A  Complete  Collection  of  the  British  Poets,  from 
Chaucer  to  Wordsworth;  embracing  the  whole  Works  of 
the  Most  Distinguished  Authors,  with  Selections  Irom  the 
Minor  Poets;  accompanied  with  Biographical,  Historical, 
and  Critical  Notices.  Ninety-six  vols,  have  appeared,  pub. 
bv  Little,  Brown  &  Co.,  Boston. 

"'■All  persons  whnse  standard  of  home-comfort  embraces  more 
than  one  siiK-le  bookshelf  must  have  the  British  Poets  in  some 
form-  and  they  may  he  sure  that  they  will  never  be  able  to  pro- 
cure them  in  a  more  couveiiient  and  economical  form  than  that 
wliich  ilicse  vuluines  wear." — Cln^tian  Examiner. 

Child,  George  Chaplin,  M.D.  On  Indigestion  a,nd 
Certain  Bilious  Disorders  often  conjoined  with  it ;  to  which 
ire  added  Short  Notes  on  Diet;  2d  ed.,  Lon.,  1854,  Svo. 

'■  [his  edition  is  considerably  altered  and  iaiproved  by  the  incor- 
Doration  of  tlie  extended  experience  which  tlie  author  luis  acauiied 
We  must  warmly  recommend  it  to  our  readers  as  a  safe  and  usetul 
guide  in  the  trca'tuieiit  of  a  very  troublesome  class  of  disorders.  — 
Dii'din  Qiiaiierhi  Jmirmd. 

Child,  Major  John.  Now  England  s  .Jonas  cast  up 
at  London.  Lon.,  1647  :  refers  to  the  trial  of  Robert  ChUd, 
of  which  Winthrop  gives  an  account. 

Child,  Sir  Josiah,  an  eminent  merchant  and  writer 
on  Political  Economy  temp.  Charles  IL  Di^'^ourse  of 
Trade,  Lon.,  1668,  4to;  6th  edit.,  Glasg.,  17ol,  12mo. 

•■  Some  of  the  priuciples  advanced  by  Child  are  so  sound,  and  so 
for,iMv  and  concisely  expressed,  that  they  assume  the  sh.ape  of 
maxims."-McCui.LOC[l:  iit.  raw.  Sccaoniy 

A  Treatise,  wherein  it  is  demonstrated  that  the  Ji.  India 
378 


CHI 

Trade  is  the  Most  N.ational  of  all  Foreign  Trades,  Lon., 
16S1,  4to.  See  McCulloch's  Lit.  of  Polit.  Econ.  Obser- 
ratio'ns  concerning  Trade  and  the  Interest  of  Money,  1668, 
4to'.  '  Sir  Thomas  Culpepper's  Tract  on  Usurie,  1623,  4to, 
is  annexed  to  this  treatise.  The  Interest  of  England  Con- 
sidered, 1694,  Svo.  Relief  and  Employment  of  the  Poor. 
Repub.  in  the  Somers   CoUec.  of  Tracts,  voh  xi. 

Child,  L.ydia  Maria,  one  of  the  most  eminent  of 
American  authors,  was  Miss  Francis,  a  sister  of  the  Rev. 
Convers  Francis,  D.D.,  of  Harvard  University.  Her  first 
publication  was  Hobomok,  a  Tale  of  Early  Times,  1824; 
which  was  followed  in  1825  by  The  Rebels,  a  Tale  of  the 
Revolution.     In  1831  she  pub.  The  Mother's  Book. 

"This  excellent  work,  while  it  displays  the  intelligence  of  the 
enli-htencd  instructor,  breathes  throughout  the  spirit  of  the  affec- 
tionate Christian  parent."— A'odce  of  the  Enyhsh  rejtrtnt. 

A  History  of  the  Condition  of  Women  ot  all  Ages  and 
Nation.s,  aiid  The  Girl's  Book,  appeared  in  1832,  and  The 
Coronal,  pieces  in  Prose  and  Verse,  was  pub.  in  1833.  In 
1835  Mrs.  Child  gave  to  the  world  Philothea,  a  Romance 
of  Greece  in  the  days  of  Pericles,  which  has  been  highly 
recommended  as  a  successful  effort  in  a  difficult  field.  In 
1S41  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Child  removed  to  New  York,  and  as- 
sumed the  editorial  oversight  of  the  Anti-Slavery  Standard. 
Mrs.  Child's  well-kuown  letters  to  the  editor  of  the  Boston 
Courier  were  collected  into  a  volume  under  the  title  of 
Letters  from  New  York;  a  second  series  was  pub.  in  1845. 
To  this  popular  and  instructive  writer  we  are  also  indebted 
for  the  following  works  : 

The  American  Frugal  Housewife.  Appeal  in  Favour  of 
Africans.  Biographies  of  Good  Wives.  Flowers  for  Chil- 
dren ;  three  parts.  The  Family  Nurse.  Memoirs  of  Ma- 
dame De  Stacl  and  Roland.  Power  of  Kindness,  and  other 
Stories.  Rose  Marion.  Fact  and  Fiction.  Isaac  T.  Hop- 
per: a  True  Life.  The  Progress  of  Religious  Ideas  through 
Successive  Ages,  1855,  3  vols.  12rao. 

Interesting  particulars  respecting  Mrs.  Child's  literary 
history,  and  specimens  of  her  writings,  will  be  found  in 
Griswold's  Prose  Writers  of  America;  and  Mrs.  Hale's 
Woman's  Record. 

Child,  Samuel.     Every  Man  his  own  Brewer,  Lon., 

'childi  William,  Mus.  Doct.,  1607-1697,  B.  A.,  Christ 
Church  College,  Oxford,  1631;  Mus.  Doct.,  1663;  was  for 
65  years  organist  of  Windsor  Chapel.  Psalms  for  three 
Voices,  Lon.,  1 639,  Svo.  Some  of  his  secular  compositions 
will  be  found  in  Court  Airs,  pub.  in  1655  ;  and  his  Services 
and  full  Anthems  are  in  Boyce's  Collection.  Some  of  bis 
compositions  are  in  Dr.  Tudway's  MS.  Collection  of  Eng- 
li.sh  Church  Music  in  British  Museum.  See  Burney's  and 
Hawkins's  Histories  of  Music. 

Childe,  C.  F.     Sermons  at  Walsall,  Lon.,  Svo. 
Childe,  E.  N.    Edward  Vernon,  New  York. 
Childe,  F.  V.     Trans,  of  Santarcm's  Americus  Ves- 
pucius  and  his  Voyages.    Bost.,  1850,  12mo. 

"An  interesting  little  volume,  and  one  which  throws  valuable 
light  on  obscure  portions  of  our  history,  of  value  to  om-  own  his- 
toriographers." 

Children,  John.     A  Public  Caution,  Svo. 
Children,  John  G.     Chemical  Con.  to  Phil.  Trans., 
1S09    '15;  to  Phil.  Mag.  1SI6  ;  to  Ann.  Philos.,  1816. 

Childrey,  Joshua,  162,3-1670,  of  Magdalen  Col- 
lege, Oxford;  Archdeacon  of  Salisbury,  1663.  Indago 
Astrologica,  Lon.,  1652,  4to.  Syzgiasticon  Instauratum, 
1673,  Svo.  Britannia  Baconica,  or  the  Natural  Rarities 
of  England,  historically  related,  according  to  the  precepts 
of  Lord  Bacon,  1661-62,  Svo ;  in  French,  Paris,  1662- 
67,  12ino.  This  w.irk  suggested  to  Dr.  Plot  his  Natural 
Hi'storv  of  Oxfordshire.     Con.  to  Phih  Trans.,  i.  516. 

Chiids,  G.  B.  Improvement  of  the  Female  Figure, 
Lon.,  12mo.  Operation  of  L.ateral  Curvature  of  the  Spine, 
r.  Svo.     Medical  Treatise,  12mo. 

Chiids,  J.  J.     Picture  Bilile,  Lon.,  2  vols.  64mo. 
Chiids,  Uichard.     Commercial  Tables,  Lon.,  12mo. 
Chillester,  James.     Trans,  of  Chelidonius's  Hys- 
torie  of  Christian  Princes,  ic,  Lon.,  1571,  4to. 

Chillinden,  Edmund.  Preaching  without  Ordina- 
tion, Lon.,  1647,  4to.  Nathan's  Parable;  with  a  Letter  to 
Cromwell,  1053,  4to. 

Chillinsworth,  William,  1602-1644,  was  the  son 
of  WiUianf  Chillingworth,  M.ayor  of  Oxford.  In  IblS 
he  was  admitted  to  Trinity  College,  of  which  he  became 
Fellow  in  1628.  Ho  was  noted  at  an  early  age  for  great 
application  to  study,  and  that  acuteness  in  controversy 
which  distinguished  him  in  later  years.  v  »v-   „ 

''^it  was  '•>  -'-■•-Vl-dr  nrhira'    iTtf  "t'e'w'h^n-hl 
semed  to  r 'Zwouirot'n  waSTn'the  CoUege  grove,  and  con- 


CHI 

template;  hut  when  ho  met  with  any  scholar  there,  he  would 
enter  into  disooursc,  and  dispute  with  hiui,  purposely  to  facilitate, 
and  make  the  way  of  wrangling  conmn  n  with  him,  which  was  n 
fashion  used  in  those  days,  especially  among  the  disputing  theo- 
lo^ists  or  among  those  that  set  themselves  apart  purposely  for 
Divinity.  But  upon  the  change  of  the  times,  occasioned  by  the 
Purit.an.  that  way,  forsooth,  was  accounted  boyish  and  pedagogi- 
cal.''—  Wood's  Athfn.  Oxon. 

He  paid  some  attention  to  poetry,  and  was  considered 
by  Sir  John  Suckling  worthy  of  a  place  in  his  Session  of 
the  Poets  : 

"•  There  was  Selden,  and  he  sat  hard  by  the  chair, 
Wainman  not  far  oCF,  which  was  very  fair. 
Sands  with  Townshend,  for  they  kept  no  order, 
Digby  and  Chillingworth  a  little  further." 

Chillingworth's  reputation  fur  uncommon  powers  of 
luind  drew  upon  him  the  attention  of  the  famous  Jesuit, 
John  Pisher.  alias  John  Perse,  (his  true  name.)  and  by 
dexterously  plying  him  with  his  arguments  in  proof  of 
the  infaUibility  of  the  Church  of  Rome,  be  persuaded 
Chillingworth  to  embrace  the  religion  of  that  communion, 
and  to  go  over  to  the  College  of  the  Jesuits,  at  Douay. 
But  his  godfather,  Laud,  then  Bishop  of  Loudon,  in  his 
correspondence  with  him,  argued  with  such  effect  against 
his  new  opinions,  that  in  two  months  from  the  time  he 
left  England,  be  returned  home,  and  upon  due  examina- 
tion of  the  questions  between  the  two  churches,  he  re- 
turned to  the  communion  of  the  Church  of  England.  If 
Laud  bad  done  nothing  more  than  this  for  the  Protestant 
cause,  be  deserved  better  treatment  than  he  has  received 
from  those  who  have  charged  bim  with  an  inclination  to- 
wards Popery. 

As  might  have  been  anticipated,  Chillingworth  now  be- 
came engaged  in  several  coiitri)ver.-ies  with  bis  late  fellow- 
churchmen.  A  Jet^uit  named  Mwltblas  Wilson  published 
in  1630,  under  the  name  of  Edward  Knott,  a  little  treati.^e 
called  Charity  Mistaken,  ko.  Dr.  Putter  answered  this  in 
1633.  The  next  year  the  Jesuit  published  a  rejoinder, 
entitled  Mercy  and  Truth,  or  Chanty  maintained  by  Ca- 
tholics. It  was  in  answer  to  this  treatise,  that  in  1638 
Chillingworth  published  his  great  work.  The  Religion  of 
Protestants  a  safe  Way  to  Salvation,  <fec.  This  book  im- 
mediately became  so  popular,  that  two  editions  were  pub- 
lished in  five  months.  After  overcoming  some  scruples 
relative  to  the  subscription  to  the  Thirty-nine  Articles,  he 
was  promoted  to  the  chancellorship  of  Salisbury,  with  the 
prebend  of  Brixworth  in  Northamptonshire  annexed.  lie 
was  a  warm  adherent  of  the  Royal  p.arty,  and  was  present 
at  the  siege  of  Gloucester  in  1643,  where  he  made  some 
military  suggestions,  which  were  not  acted  on,  for  the 
very  excellent  reason  that  the  successful  enemy  prevented 
the  opportunity.  He  was  taken  prisoner  shortly  after  by 
the  parliamentary  forces,  while  suffering  under  sickness  at 
Arundel  Castle :  he  was  conveyed  to  the  Bishop's  palace  at 
Chi'.bester,  where  he  died  about  the  30th  of  January,  1644. 

Chillingworth's  Nine  Sermons  on  Occasional  Subjects 
were  pub.  Lon.,  1664.  The  Apostolical  Institution  of 
Episcopacy,  in  1644.  Letter  giving  an  account  why  bo 
deserted  the  Church  of  Rome,  in  1704.  In  1725  there 
was  published  by  M.  Des  Maizeaux,  an  Historical  and 
Critical  Account  of  his  Life.  An  edition  of  his  works  ap- 
peared in  1684,  fob;  and  the  tenth  edit,  with  corrections 
and  improvements  was  pub.  in  1742,  fol.  New  edit.,  Ox- 
ford Univ.  Press,  in  3  vols.  Svo,  1838.  Contents :  Vol.  I. 
Life;  Charity  maintained  by  Catholics,  with  Prefaces. 
II.  Charity  maintained,  (continued.)  III.  Sermons;  Addit. 
Discourses;  Answer  to  Rushworth's  Dialogues;  Against 
Punishing  Crimes  with  Death;  Index  to  Charity  main- 
tained. 

Wood  declares  that  the  Royal  party  in  Chichester 
looked  upon  the  impertinent  discourses  of  Cheynell  (a 
Nonconformist  divine,  who  attended  Chillingworth  in  bis 
last  illness.)  as  "a  shortening  of  his  days."  This  man 
published  a  work  called  Chillingwortbi  Novissima:  or  the 
Sickness,  Heresy,  Death,  and  Burial  of  William  Chilling- 
worth, 1644,  concerning  which  an  eminent  authority 
remarks : 

"One  of  the  most  viUainous  books  that  ever  was  printed:  it  is 
the  quintessence  of  railing,  and  ought  to  be  kept,  or  rt-garded,  as 
the  pattern  and  standard  of  that  sort  of  writing;  as  the  man  he 
spends  it  upon,  for  that  of  good  nature,  and  clear  and  strong 
argument." — JoiiN  Locke. 

Wc  might  fill  many  pages  with  encomiastic  opinions  of 
our  author,  and  his  principal  work. 

"  Hobbes  of  Malmsbury  would  often  say  that  he  was  like  a 
lustv,  fighting  fellow,  that  did  drive  his  enemies  before  him,  but 
would  often  give  his  own  party  smart  back  blows;  and  it  was  the 
current  opinion  of  the  University  that  he  and  Lucius,  Lord  Falk- 
land, had  such  extraordinary  clear  reason,  that,  if  the  great  Turk 
or  devil  were  to  be  converted,  they  wei-e  able  to  do  it." 

"  I  know  not  how  it  comes  to  pass,  but  so  it  is,  that  every  one 


CHI 

that  offers  to  give  a  reasonable  acrount  of  his  faith,  and  to  esta- 
blish religion  upon  rational  piintiples.  is  presently  branded  for  a 
Socinian;  of  which  we  have  a  sad  instance  in  that  incomparable 
person  Mr.  Chillingworth,  the  glory  of  this  age  and  nation." — 

AECHBISnOP  TlLLOTSON. 

Mr.  Locke  recommends  the  last-quoted  author  as  a  pat- 
tern for  the  attainment  of  the  art  of  speaking  clearly,  and 
then  proceeds  to  remark: 

"Besides  perspicuity,  there  must  be  also  right  reasoning,  with- 
out which  perspicuity  serves  but  to  expose  the  speaker.  And  for 
attaining  of  this,  I  should  propose  the  constant  reading  of  Chil- 
lingworth, who,  by  his  example,  will  teach  both  persviicuity.  and 
the  way  of  right  leasoning,  better  than  any  book  that  I  know, 
and  therefore  will  deserve  to  be  read  upon  that  account  over  and 
over  again,  not  to  say  any  thing  of  his  argument." — Some  ThougHs 
canceniing  Heading  and  Study  for  a  GtnU&nan. 

Lord  Clarendon  tells  us  that 

"Mr.  Chillingworth  was  a  man  of  so  great  subtilty  of  \inder- 
standing,  and  bo  rare  a  temper  in  debate,  that  as  it  was  impossible 
to  provoke  him  iTito  any  passion,  so  it  was  very  difficult  to  ket-p  a 
man's  self  from  being  a  little  discomposed  by  his  sharpness,  and 
quickness  of  argument,  and  instances,  in  which  he  bad  a  rare 
facility,  and  a  great  advantage  over  all  the  men  I  ever  knew." 

"Those  who  desire  to  know  the  doctrines  of  the  Church  of  Eng- 
land, must  read  especially  Chillingworth's  admirable  book,  The 
Reli-ion  of  Protestants."— MosHEiM. 

Chillingworth's  "new  creed  was  built  on  the  principle,  that  the 
Bible  is  our  sole  judge,  and  private  reason  our  .sole  interpreter; 
and  he  most  ably  ninintains  this  position  in  the  Relijiion  of  a 
Protestant,  a  book  which  is  stJU  esteemed  the  most  solid  defence 
of  the  Kefurmation."— Edward  Gibbon. 

He  was  '■  the  best  reasoner  and  the  most  acute  logician  of  his 
age."— Dn.  Keid. 

"  His  great  excellency  consisted  in  his  acquired  logic,  the  syllo- 
gisms of  Aristotle  audCrakenthorp  having  been  a  principal  part 
of  his  studies."— Up.  Barlow, 

"  In  testimony  of  his  true  conversion,  he  wrote  a  book  entituled, 
The  Reliiiion  of  Protestants  a  safe  way  to  Salvation,  against  Mr. 
Knott  the  .Jesuit.  I  will  not  say,  '  Malo  nodo  mains  qua?ivndu3 
est  cuneus,'  but  affirm  no  person  better  qualified  than  this  aulhor 
with  all  necessary  accomplishments  to  encounter  a  Jesuit.  It  is 
commonly  reported  that  Dr.  Frideaux  compared  his  book  to  a 
lamprey ;  fit  for  food,  if  the  venomous  sting  were  taken  out  of  the 
back  thereof:  a  passage,  in  my  opinion,  inconsistent  with  the 
doctor's  approbation,  prefixed  in  the  beginning  of  his  book." — 
Fuller's  Whrtl'ies. 

Lord  Mansfield  mentions  Chillingworth  as  a  perfect 
model  of  argumentation.  Bishop  Warburton  observes 
that  the  student 

"  Will  see  all  the  school  jargonof  the  subtle  Jesuit  incomparably 
exposed;  and  the  long  dispute  between  the  two  churches,  for  the 
first  time,  placed  upon  its  proper  immovable  ground,  the  Bible 
alone." 

"  If  you  would  have  your  son  reason  well,  let  him  read  Chilling- 
worth."— Locke:  On  Educidifm. 

For  a  comparison  between  Chillingworth,  Barrow,  Tay- 
lor, and  Hooker,  see  Barrow. 

Mr.  Hallam,  in  comparing  Chillingworth  with  his  po- 
lemical adversary  Knott,  remarks  that 

"Knott  is  by  no  means  a  despicable  writer;  he  is  concise,  po- 
lished, and  places  in  an  advantageous  light  the  great  leading 
arguments  of  his  Church.  Chillingworth,  with  a  more  diffuse  and 
less  elegant  style,  is  greatly  superior  in  impetuosity  and  warmth. 
In  his  long  parenthetical  periods,  as  in  those  of  other  old  English 
writers;  in  his  copiousness,  which  is  never  empty  or  tautological, 
there  is  an  inartificial  elegance,  springing  from  strength  of  intel- 
lect and  sincerity  of  feeling,  that  cannot  fail  to  impress  the  reader. 
But  his  chief  excellence  is  the  close  reasoning,  which  avoids  every 
dangerous  admission,  and  yields  to  no  ambiguousness  of  language. 
.  .  ,  The  work  of  Chillingworth  may  at  least  be  understood  and 
appreciated  without  reference  to  any  other:  the  condition,  per- 
haps, of  real  superiority  in  all  productions  of  the  mind." — Intro- 
duction to  the  Lcteralure  of  Europr. 

Chilniead,  EdAVard,  1610-1653.  clerk  of  Magdalen 
College,  Oxford.  Catalogus  MSS.  Grreoorum  in  Bibl. 
Bod.,  10;ifi  ;  a  MS.  for  the  use  of  the  Bodltian,  and  the 
most  complete  of  its  time.  Chilmead  wrote  some  learned 
works,  and  pub.  translations  from  Ferraud,  Modena,  &c. 
His  tract,  De  Musica  antiqua  Grteca,  was  printed  at  the 
end  of  the  Oxford  edit,  of  Aratus,  1672.  His  work  on 
Globes,  Celestial  and  Terrestrial,  appeared  in  HV.'S,  Svo. 

Chilton,  John,   Positive  Institutions,  Lon.,  1730,  Svo. 

Chilton,  Richard.  Observations  rel.  to  Anabaptism, 
<fcc.,  Lon..  174S.  Svo. 

Chipman,  Daniel.  Law  of  Contracts,  Middlebury, 
1822,  8vo,  See  Hoffman's  Leg.  Stu.,  3So.  Reports  of 
Cases  in  the  Supreme  Court  of  Vermont,  17S9-1824,  Mid- 
dlebury. 1824,  Svo;  Burlington,  1S35.  Life  of  Nath.  Chip- 
man,  with  selections  from  his  Papers,  Boston,  18J6.  Svo. 

Chiiiman,  Nath.  Principles  of  Government, 17'J3,8vo. 

"The  style  of  this  work  is  very  involved  and  obscure.  His 
thoughts  are  not  distinct,  and  the  work,  as  a  whole,  is  too  al>- 
stract  and  inconclusive  to  be  of  much  service  to  practical  men." — 
13  A.  J..  4(15. 

Chii)pendale5  Thomas.  Household  Furniture, 
1762,  ful. 

Chirol,  J.  L.     1.  Serm.     2.  Inquiry,  1810.  '20,  Svo. 

Chisenhale,  Sir  Edward.  Catho'like  History,  Lon., 

379 


cni 

1653,  12mo.     Elicited  by  Thos.  Vane's  Lost  Sheep  Re- 
turiKHl  Hume,  1I.U8,  Svo. 

Chisholii),  Mrs,  Caroline,  b.  1810,  Wooton,  North- 
amptousliire,  Eng.  Voluntary  Information  of  the  People 
of  New  Suuth  Wales.  See  Memoirs  and  Sketches  of,  by 
Macki-nzie.  12mo. 

Chi^holm,  Colin,  M.D.  Profess,  treat,,  1795-1813. 

Chistiull,  Kdmund,  d.  1733,  a  native  of  Bedford- 
shire, M.A.,  Corpus  Christi  College,  1693 ;  Chaplain  to  the 
English  Factory  at  Smyrna,  1698-1705;  Vicar  of  Wal- 
thamstow,  1711;  Rector  of  South  Church,  Essex,  1731. 
A  charge  of  Heresy  against  Dodwell,  1706,  Svo.  Serms., 
1708,  '11,  '12,  '14,  '16,  '18,  '19.  Mr.  C.  paid  much  atten- 
tion to  Classical  Antiquities.  Inscriptio  Sigae  antiquissima, 
Lon.,  1721,  fol.  Antiquitates  Asiaticje,  &c.,  1728,  fol.  In 
this  learned  work  are  included  previous  publications  of 
the  author.  Travels  in  Turkey  and  back  to  England,  1747, 
fol. ;  pub.  by  the  learned  Dr.  Mead. 

ChishnU,  John.     Theolog.  Treatises,  1657,  '58. 

Chi!!imun,  Chris,  The  Lamb  contending  with  the 
Lion,  1649,  4to. 

Chittenden,  Thomas,  1730-1797,  first  Governor  of 
Vermont.  Several  of  his  Letters  to  Congress  and  to  Gene- 
ral Washington  have  been  pub.  See  Williams's  Vermont; 
Graham's  Sketch  of  V. 

Chitty,  Edward.  An  Index  to  all  the  Reported 
Cases,  A.C.  in  the  English  and  Irish  Courts  of  Equity  to 
August,  1837,  2d  edit.,  Lon.,  1837;  3d  edit,  brought  down 
to  1853,  by  James  Macauley,  4  vols.  roy.  Bvo,  Lon.,  1853 ; 
Phila.,  1831,  2  vols.  8vo.  Chitty,  E.,  and  Foster,  F.;  A 
Digested  Index  to  C.  L.  R.,  relative  to  Conveyancing  and 
Baukruptey,  from  1558  to  the  present  time,  Lon.,  1841, 
Svo.  Cbitty,  E.,  and  Montagu,  B. ;  Cases  in  Bankruptcy 
in  C.  of  R.  and  S.  C,  1838-40,  Lon.,  1840,  Svo. 

Chitty,  Henry.  A  Treatise  on  the  Law  of  Descents, 
Lon.,  1S25,  Svo. 

Chitty,  Jos,,  1776-1841,  an  eminent  special  pleader, 
was  called  to  the  Bar  by  the  honouralile  Society  of  the 
Middle  Temple  in  1816.  As  a  legal  author  he  long  occu- 
pied the  first  rank.  On  the  Laws  of  Bills  cf  Exchange, 
Lon.,  1799,  Svo;  9th  edit...  by  J.  II.  Chitty  and  J.  W.  Hulme, 
1840,  8vo;  10th  Amer.  edit..  Springfield,  1842,  Svo,  new 
edit.,  1849,  Svo.  The  Precedents  of  General  Issues,  Ac, 
Lou.,  1805.  Pleadings  and  Parties  to  Actions,  Lon.,  1S08, 
2  vols.  Svo;  7th  edit.,  by  H.  Greening,  Lon.,  1S44,  2  vols. 
Svo;  8th  Amer.  edit.,  Springfield,  1S44;  11th  Amer.  edit, 
by  J.  C.  Perkins,  1847,  3  vols.  Svo. 

"  No  practical  lawyer  can  dispense  witli  this  book.  The  student 
ehouUl  famiUarize  himself  with  every  part  of  it." 

Law  relative   to  Apprentices   and   Journeymen,   Lon., 

1811,  Svo.  Prospectus  of  a  Course  of  Lectures  on  the 
Commercial  Laws,  1810;  new  edit.,  1S36.  Law  of  Nations 
relative  to  Belligerents  and  Neutrals,  Lon..  1S12,  Svo; 
Boston,  1812,  Svo.     Beawes's  Lex  Mercatoria,  6th  edit., 

1812,  2  vols.  4to.  Game  Laws  and  Fisheries,  Lon.,  1812, 
2  vols.  Svo.  Foreign  and  Domestic  Commerce,  Lon.,  1818, 
2  vols.  Svo.  Laws  of  Commerce  and  Manufactures,  and 
the  Contracts  relating  thereto,  Lon.,  1825,  4  vols.  Svo. 
Practical  Treatise  on  the  Criminal  Law,  Lon.,  1818,  4  vols. 
Bvo ;  Amer.  edit,  by  J.  C.  Perkins,  New  York,  1S47,  3 
vols.  Svo. 

"  It  has  had  an  extended  circulation  throughout  the  United 
States,  and  has  hitherto  been  more  penerally  used  than  any  other 
book  upon  criminal  law." — Marvin's  Legal  Bill.;  HaWs  Journal 
ofL.,  \^A.J.  371. 

Reports  of  Cases  principally  on  Practice  and  Pleading, 
Ac.  iu  C.  K.  B.,  Lon.,  1819,  '20,  2  vols.  Svo. 

Practice  of  the  Court  of  King's  Bench,  Common  Pleas, 
and  Exchequer,  Lon.,  1832,  12mo. 

"  From  the  masterly  book  of  Mr.  Tidd,  or  from  the  admirably  ar- 
ranged one  of  Jlr.  Archbold,  it  never  can  be  conceived  that  the 
Profession  will  fly  to  this  crude  and  undigested  notice  of  Keports 
of  Practice." — Legal  Exam..  110. 

Amendments  of  Variances.  &c.,  2d  edit,  Lon.,  1834, 
Svo.  Practical  Treatise  on  Medical  Jurisprudence,  itc, 
Pnrt  L.  Lon.,  1834,  Svo;  all  tliat  was  pub.,  Phil.,  1836, 
Svo.  Mr.  Chitty  at  one  time  studied  Medicine,  and  has 
given  us  his  learning  in  this  work,  unfortunately  in- 
complete. 

"  Invaluable  to  lawyer  or  medicnl  man."  "  Chitty's  eminence  as 
a  lawyer  is  well  iiiipreciated,  although  it  is  not  known  that  he  was 
ori"'inally  educated  for  the  medical  profession.  This  work  w;is  bis 
own  favourite  subject,  and  he  laboured  incessantly  to  render  it 
perfect,  availing  himself  of  assistance  and  works  of  all  eminent 
men,— Dr.  Beck,  Darwall,  Paris.  Fonblanque.  Gordon  Smith,  Ryan, 
Quain,  Klliotson,  Blumenbat-h,  Good,  Astley  Cooper,  Copeland. 
Prichard,  Gray,  Thonisnn,  Farr,  Fordyce,  Wilcocke,  Lancet,  Medi- 
cal Gazette,  journal,  liell.  Amos.  Edwards,  Turner,  Itostock,  Law- 
rence, Lizars,  Cuvier,  Younc  and  numerous  otheis." 

Concise  View  of  the  Principlesj  Object,  and  Utility  of 
380 


CHO 

Pleadings,  2d  edit.,  Lon.,  1835,  2  vols.  Svo.  General  Prao- 
tice  of  the  Law  in  all  its  Departments,  3d  edit.,  Lon., 
1807-42;  Phila.,  1836-40,  4  vols.  Svo. 

"Valuable  as  are  Mr.  Chitty's  former  labours,  and  highly  as 
they  are  appretiated  by  the  profession,  we  have  no  hesitation  in 
expressing  our  conviction  that  the  merits  and  usefulness  of  the 
present  work  will  entitle  him  to  claim  from  them  a  double  debt 
of  gratitude.' — Loitd"7i  Law  Magazmt. 

"It  is  the  only  work  of  modern  days  that  really  presents,  as  it 
professes,  a  connected  view  of  the  whole  system  of  the  ci^il  ad- 
ministration of  justice,  in  every  department  as  it  now  exi^its;  and 
is,  therefore,  well  calculated  to  become  a  companion  to  Black- 
stone's  Commentaries."— irurrm's  Law  Studies. 

(And  J.  W.  Hulme;)  Collection  of  Statutes  of  practical 
Utility,  Lon.,  1837,  2  vols.  Svo. 

"The  best  work  of  the  kind  extant."— TTorr^n's  Law  Studies. 
Practical  Treatises  on  the  Stamp  Laws,  2d  edit.,  by 
J.  W.  Hulme,  Lon.,  1841,  12mo.  Vattel's  Law  of  Na- 
tions ;  a  new  edit,  by  J.  C.  ;  7th  Amer.  edit.,  with  Notes 
and  References  by  E.  D.  Ingraham.  Esq.,  Phila.,  1852, 
Svo.  The  1st  edit,  of  Vattel  was  pub.  in  Switzerland  in 
175S;  in  English,  1760.     Mr.  Cbitty  thus  commends  it: 

"  I  affirm,  without  the  hazard  of  a  contradiction,  that  every  one 
who  has  attentively  read  Vattel's  work,  will  admit  that  he  has  ac- 
quired a  knowledge  of  superior  sentiments,  and  more  important 
information  than  be  ever  derived  from  any  other  work. 
Mr.  Chitty's  edition  deserves  high  praise: 
'•  The  reader  and  student  of  Monsieur  Vattel's  work  cannot  fail 
to  admire  the  style  and  manner  in  which  the  grave  and  difficult 
subjects  of  which  it  treats  are  elucidated  and  discussed.  There  is 
a  clearness  and  conciseness,  and  at  the  same  time,  an  eloquence 
in  these  commentaries,  presented  even  iu  the  translation,  which 
entitle  them,  apart  from  their  weight  of  authority,  to  a  place  by 
the  side  of  Blackstone."— i-m.  LiUirary  World. 

Mr.  Chitty's  edit,  of  Elackstono  should  accompany  the 
above  volume.  Several  members  of  Mr.  Chitty's  family 
have  distinguished  themselves  as  legal  authors  or  editors, 
{q.v.) 

Chitty,  Joseph,  Jr.  A  Treatise  on  the  Law  of  the 
Prerogatives  of  the  Crown,  and  the  relative  Duties  and 
Rights  of  the  Subject,  Lon.,  1820,  Svo. 
"  A  valuable  work."— Pcie^-St/orjf  s  Lrct.  64. 
Precedents  in  Reading.  &c.,  edited  by  Henry  Pearson 
and  Thompson  Chitty,  Lon.,  1836,  2  parts,  Svo.  Amer. 
edit,  Springfield,  1S39,  2  vols.  Svo.  Bills  of  Exchange, 
Ac.  Lon.,  1834,  2  vols.  Svo.  Summary  of  the  Office  and 
Duties  of  Constables,  Lon.,  1837,  12mo;  3d  edit.,  by  T. 
W.  Saunders,  1844,  12mo.  Law  of  Contracts  not  uuder 
Seal,  &,c. ;  3d  edit.,  corrected,  rearranged,  and  enlarged  by 
T.  Chitty,  Lon.,  1840,  Svo;  6th  Amer.,  from  the  3d  Lon., 
edit.,  with  addits.  by  J.  C.  Perkins,  Springfield,  1844,  Svo. 
"  I  ought  not  to  omit  to  recommend  Chitty  on  Contracts.  The 
book  is  skilfully  arranged,  clearly  written,  the  cases  well  classitied, 
and  most  fully  collected.  For  both  the  student  and  practitioner 
this  work  is  equally  useful,  instructive,  and  necessary." — PuoF. 
Whiteside. 

Chitty,  T.  Forms  of  Practical  Proceedings  in  the 
Courts  of  Q.  B.,  C.  P..  and  Exchequer  of  Pleas,  Lon.,  1834, 
Svo;  7th  edit..  1845,  12mu. 

Choate,  Rufus,  b.  1790,  at  Ipswich,  Massachusetts, 
an  eminent  lawyer  and  late  United  States  Senator  from 
Mass.,  graduated  at  Dartmouth  College  in  1819.  He  was 
chosen  a  tutor  iu  that  institution,  but  preferred  the  pro- 
fession of  the  Law,  and  entered  the  Law  School  at  Cam- 
bridge. His  orations,  several  of  which  have  been  pub., 
have  been  greatly  admired.  In  1832  he  was  elected  a 
member  of  Congress  from  the  Essex  district.  In  1841  he 
was  elected  a  U.  S.  Senator  iu  jjlace  of  Daniel  Webster, 
resigned. 

Cholmley,  Ilus^h.  State  of  the  New  Roman  Church, 
1629,  Svo. 

Cholmondeley.  The  Four  Gospels,  Lon.,  1836,  r.  Svo. 
See  Home's  Bili.  Bibl. 

Chorley,  H.  F,  Conti,  and  other  Tales,  Lon.,  3  vols, 
p.  8vo.  Lion,  3  vols.  p.  Svo.  Music  and  Manners  in  France 
and  Germnn^',  3  vols.  p.  Svo,  1841.  Pumfret,  3  vols.  p.  Svo, 
1845.  Sketcbesof  aSeaPort  Town,  3  vols.  p.  Svo.  Memo- 
rials of  Mrs.  Heraans.  The  Authors  of  England;  15])lales; 
with  Biog.  and  Crit.  Sketches,  by  H.  F.  C,  1838,  r.  4to. 

"An  annual  of  the  first  magnitude  and  importance." — I^on. 
Spectator. 

"■  This,  for  the  present  season,  shall  be  our  Annual.  The  plates 
are  exquisitely  engraved.'" — Lon.  At/icnaum. 

Chorley,  Joseph.  Metrical  Index  to  the  Bible, 
Norw.,  1711,  Svo. 

Chorley,  William  B,,  b.  about  ISOO,  in  Lancashire, 
Eng.;  i:iaer  brother  of  H.  F.  Chorley.  Translated  Lyrics 
of  Kcirnt-r  from  the  German.  Liverpool,  1835,  12mo. 

Chorltoii,  Thomas.     Funl.  Serm.,  Lon.,  1773,  Svo. 

Choules,  John  Overton,  D.D.,  b.  1801,  at  Bristol, 
Eng.;  settled  iu  America.  1824.  History  of  Missions,  2  vols. 
4to,  plates;  3d  ed.,lS40.    Christian  Offering.    YouugAmcri- 


Clio 


CIIU 


cans  Aliriiai],  1S52.  Cruise  of  Steam  Yacht  "North  Star." 
ISi-l,  12mo.  KJ.  Neal's  Hist,  of  the  Puritans,  with  copious 
notes;  Foster's  Lives  of  the  Statesmen  of  the  Common- 
wealth ;  Hinton's  U.  States,  2  vols.  4to,  1824-63.  Con- 
trihutor  to  variou.-^  Religious  Journals. 

Chovenus,  Thos.  CoUectiones  Theologicae,  Lon., 
1635,  Svo. 

Christian,  Edward.  Reflections.  Ac.  rcl.  to  the  mur- 
der of  Sir  E.  Go.H'rcy.  Lon.,  1679,  fol.' 

Christian,  Edward,  d.  1823,  Professor  of  the  Laws 
of  England  in  the  Uixiversity  of  Cambridge,  was  educated 
at  St.  John's  College,  Cambridge.  A  Vindication  of  the 
Rights  of  the  Universities  of  G.  B.  to  a  copy  of  every  new 
publication,  3d  edit.,  Lon.,  1S18,  Svo.  Rules  of  Evidence 
before  the  House  of  Lords,  1792,  Svo.  Blackstone's  Com- 
mentaries, with  copious  Notes,  1795,  4  vols.  Svo.  Origin 
of  the  Two  Houses  of  Parliament,  1810,  Svo.  Syllabus  of 
Lectures,  1797,  Svo.  Bankrupt  L.aws,  2d  edit.,  1818,  2  vols. 
Svo.  Every  statute  and  general  order  of  the  chancellor  is 
considered  chronologically.  Game  Laws,  1816,  Svo.  Plan 
for  a  country  Provident  Bank,  1816,  Svo.     Other  treatises. 

Christian,  Edward.  Minutes  of  C.  Martial  rel.  to 
the  Mutiny  on  the  "  Bounty,"  1792. 

Christian,  Lt.  T.  P.     Pl.ays,  Ac,  1790,  '91,  '95. 

Christian,  Thcoph.  The  Fashionable  World  dis- 
played, 1804. 

Christie,  Alex.     Theolog.  treatise?,  Montrose,  1790. 

Christie,  Hugh,  1730-1774.  Educational  works, 
1760,  '91. 

Christie,  J.    Con.  to  Med.  and  Phys.  Jour.,  1799, 1800. 

Christie,  J.  Traill.  Concise  Precedents  of  Wills, 
Lon.,  1849,  12mo. 

Christie,  James,  d.  1831,  an  antiquary  and  auc- 
tioneer of  London.  lutjuiry  into  the  Ancient  Greek  Game, 
supposed  to  have  been  invented  by  Pal.amedes,  Ac,  Lon., 
1801,  4to.  Etru,soan  Vases,  1S09,  fol. ;  100  copies  printed. 
An  Essay  on  the  earliest  species  of  Idolatry,  the  Worship 
of  theElement.x,  1815.  Svo.    Painted  Greek  Vases,lS25,4to. 

Christie,  James.  Analysis  of  a  Report,  Ac.,  Lon., 
1S47,  Svo. 

Christie,  Thomas,  1761-1796,  a  native  of  Montrose. 
Letters  on  the  Revolution  of  France,  Lon.,  1791,  Svo. 
Miscellanies  ;  Philosophical,  Medical,  and  Moral,  1792,8vo. 

Christie,  Thomas,  M.D.    Small  Pox.  Ac,  1799,  ISll. 

Christie,  W.  D.  Plea  for  Perpetual  Copyright,  Lon., 
1840.  Svo. 

Christie,  William,  1710-1744.    Latin  Grammar,  Ac 

Christison,  Alex.  General  Diffusion  of  Knowledge, 
Edin.,  1802.     Mathemat.  con.  to  Ann.  Philos.,  1815,  '17. 

Christison,  John.    Simson's  Euclid;  new  edit.,  Svo. 

Christison,  Ilobert,  M.D.,  Prof.  Materia  Medica, 
Univ.  Edin.  A  Dispensatory;  Amer.  ed.,  with  addits.  by 
R.  E.  Gritfith.  M.D.,  Phila,.  1848,  Svo. 

"It  appears  to  us  as  perfect  as  a  Dispensatory,  in  the  present 
state  of  the  phaimaceutical  science,  could  bo  made." — WcHem 
Journal  r.f  Methane  and  Surgery. 

Granular  Degeneration  of  the  Kidneys,  Lon.,  1838,  Svo. 
A  Treatise  on  Poisons,  4th  edit.,  Edin.,  1844,  Svo.  1st  Amer. 
from  the  4th  English  edit.,  Phila.,  1845,  Svo. 

"It  is  beyond  comparison  the  most  valuable  pr.actical  Treatise 
on  Toxicology  extant."— inn.  Med.  and  Phi/s.  Journal. 

"  Dr.  Christison's  great  work  on  Poisons,  by  far  the  best  in  Me- 
dical  .lurisprudeuce  in  our  lani^uai^e." — Blackwood's  Mag. 

"  One  of  the  greatest  additions  that  has  been  made  to  the  stores 
of  Medical,  and  especially  of  Medico-legal,  Literature."— £«c/inci-'» 
Reperlorium. 

■■  It  exliausts  the  subject,  and  is  of  the  highest  authority."— 2 
We^t.  Law  Journal^  4o2. 

Christmas,  Henry,  Rev.  Cradlo  of  Twin  Giants: 
Science  and  History,  Lon.,  2  vols.  p.  Svo.  Sundry  theo- 
logical treatises.  Preachers  and  Preaching,  1858,  fp. 
Svo. 

Christmas,  Joseph  S.  Valedictory  Admonit.,  1828. 
Christopherson,  John,  d.  looS,  Bishop  of  Chiches- 
ter, educated  at  St.  John's  College,  Cambridge,  opposed 
the  Reformation.  Trans,  of  Philo  Judajus  into  "Latin, 
Antw.,  1553,  4to.  Trans,  of  the  Ecclesiastical  Histories 
of  Eusebius,  Socrates,  Sozomon,  Evagrius,  and  Theodoret, 
Louv.,  1570,  Svo;  Cologne,  1570,  fol.  The  Tragedy  of 
Jephtha,  both  in  Latiu  and  Greek;  about  1546:  probably 
a  Christmas  Pl.ay  for  Trinity  College.  Exhortation  to  all 
Menne  to  take  Hedo  and  Beware  of  Rebellion,  Lon.,  1553, 
'64,  16mo. 

Christy,  David,  h.  1802,  in  Ohio.  Letters  on  the 
Geology  of  the  West  and  South-West,  Chemistry  of  Agri- 
culture. Lectures  on  Colonization.  This  work  was  favour- 
ably noticed  by  the  Westminster  Rev.  History  of  Missions 
in  Africa.  Elements  of  Slavery.  Billy  McConnell,  the 
Witch-Doctor,  Ac. 


Chubb,  Thomas,  1679-1746,  a  literary  tallow-ch.and- 
ler.  The  Supremacy  of  the  Father  asserted,  Lon.,  1715,  Svo. 
The  Previous  Question  with  regard  to  Religion,  and  a  Sup- 
plement, 1725,  Svo.  Three  Tracts,  1727,  Svo.  A  Collec- 
tion of  Tracts,  1730,  Svo.  A  Discourse  concerning  Reason 
with  regard  to  Religion  and  Divine  Revelation,  1731,  Svo. 
An  Enquiry,  Ac,  1732,  Svo.  Memoirs,  1747,  Svo.  Tracts 
and  Posthumous  Works,  1754,  6  vols.  Svo.  For  a  confu- 
tation of  Chubb's  follies,  see  Leland's  Deistical  Writers  • 
Lemoine  on  Miracles ;  Mosheim's  Eccles.  Hist. ;  Van  MU- 
dert's  Boyle  Lectui-es. 

"He  acts  the  part  of  a  solemn,  grave  buffoon;  sneers  at  .all 
things  he  does  not  undeistand;  and  after  all  his  fair  promises,  and 
the  caveat  be  has  entered  against  such  a  charge,  must  unaviiiilably 
be  set  down  in  the  seat  nf  the  scorner." — Dr.  Law. 

Chnbb,  Hilliam.     Sermons,  Ac,  Lon.,  1585. 

Chudleigh,  Sir  George.  Declaration,  Lon.,  164J,4to. 

Chudleigh,  James.  Exploits  Discovered,  Ac,  Lon., 
1643.  4lo. 

Chudleigh,  Lady  Mary,  1656-1710,  wife  of  Sir 
George  Chudleigh,  was  a  daughter  of  Richard  Lee  of  De- 
vonshire Poems,  Lon.,  1703;  3il  edit,,  1722,  Svo.  Essays 
in  Prose  .and  Verse,  1710,  Svo.  For  a  number  of  her  letters, 
see  Curll's  Collection,  vol.  3d  ;  and  the  Memoirs  of  Richard 
Guinnctt  and  Mrs.  Thomas,  1731,  2  vols.  Svo. 

"  Her  Kssays  discover  an  uncommon  degree  of  piety  and  know- 
ledge; and  a  noble  contempt  of  those  vanities  which  the  generality 
of  her  rank  so  eagerly  pursue." — Ballard's  Bntis/t  Ladie.<i. 

Lady  Mary,  it  is  said,  left  in  MS.  a  number  of  tragedies, 
operas,  masques,  Ac. 

Church,  Albert  E.,  b.  Salisbury,  Conn.,  Prof.  Math. 
U.S.  Military  Acad.,  West  Point.  Elements  of  Analytical 
Geometry.  Elements  of  the  Differential  and  Integral  Calcu- 
lus; containing  the  Elements  of  the  Calculus  of  Variations. 

"  The  works  of  Prof  Church  are  used  in  many  of  the  best  Col- 
leges throughout  the  United  States." 

Church,  Benjamin,  1639-1718,  of  Du.xbury,  Massa- 
chusetts. History  of  Philip's  War,  compiled  from  his  MS. 
by  his  son  Thomas  Church,  1716;  4th  ed.,  with  Notes  by 
S.  G.  Drake,  1827.     See  Church's  N.arrativc 

Church,  Benjamin,  M.D..  of  Boston,  Mass.  Elegy 
on  the  Times.  1765;  on  Dr.  Mayhew,  1766;  on  the  Death 
of  WhitefieUl,  1770.  Oration,  1773.  See  Thacher's  Medi- 
cal Bif)g. 

Church,  C.  C.  A  Due  Ordination  as  necessary  as  a 
Due  Call  to  the  Gospel  Priesthood,  Sermon,  1797. 

Church,  Daniel,  or  Ecclesiensis,  a  domestic  in 
the  Court  of  Henry  II.,  circ.  1180.  Parvus  Cato,  trans, 
by  Burgh,  and  afterwards  by  John  Lydgate.  Printed  by 
Caxton.  Lon.,  fol.,  slue  aiiuo. 

Church,  Mrs.  Eliza  Kodman,  (acVMcIUvane,) 
b.  1S31.  She  has  written  under  the  iwni  de  filume  of 
Ella  Kodman.  Her  works  are  Flights  of  Faucy,  N.Y., 
12mo.  Grandmother's  Recollections,  N.Y.,  1851,  12rao. 
The  Catancse,  N.Y.,  1S53.  Christmas  Wreath,  Phila.,  1857. 
Contrib.  to  various  magazines. 

Church,  Henry.  Nature  of  God  and  his  Attributes, 
Lon.,  1637,  fol.     Church  Incense, 

"  Heie  many  secrets  in  .Scripture  are  unveiled," 

Church  Incense,  or  Divine  Ejaculations,  Lon.,1665,12mo. 
This  is  ascribed  by  Lowndes  to  Nath.  Church. 

Church,  John.     Infant  Baptism,  Lon.,  1648,  4to. 

Church,  John,  Surgeon.  A  Cabinet  of  Quadrupeds, 
Lon.,  1795-IS05,  2  vols.  4to;  £9;  in  43  Nos. 

"A  beautiful  and  interesting  work.  The  representations  are 
remarkable  for  the  singular  elegance  of  the  designs  and  engrav- 
ings."— Br('/f'.s-/(  Critic. 

Con.  to  Meracdrs  Med.,  1789,  '92. 

Church,  Nafh.  1.  Cheap  Riches;  or  a  Pocket  Com- 
panion made  of  Five  Hundred  Proverbiall  Aphorismes,  Ac, 
Lon.,  1054,  12mo.  2.  Divine  Ejaculations,  1665,  12mo. 
This  is  ascribed  by  Watt  to  Henry  Church. 

Church,  Pharcellus.  Mapleton  ;  or.  More  Work 
for  the  Maine  Law,  N.  York,  1854,  12mo. 

"  Wo  see  plainly  before  us,  panorama-tike,  in  living  pictures,  the 
horrid  effects  of  the  use  of  intoxicating  liquors." 

Other  works. 

Church,  Richard.  National  Education  in  England, 
Lon.,  1854.  Svo. 

"  It  emltraces  all  the  dehatuhle  questions  of  national  education, 
(omitting  only  the  subjects  that  should  be  taught,)  and  it  deals 
with  tlieni  with  a  master's  hand." — Wnsfvunster  Review. 

Church, Thomas.  His  Remonstr.anoe,  Lon.,  1644,  4to. 

Church,  Thomas,  D.D.,  1707-1756,  educated  at  Bral 
scnose  College,  Oxford,  Prebendary  of  St.  Paul's,  wrote 
several  controversial  treatises,  Ac  A  Vindication  of  the 
Miraculous  Powers,  Ac,  in  answer  to  Dr.  Middleton's  Free 
Inquiry,  1750,  Svo.  A  Second  Vindication,  1751,  Svo. 
Analysis  of  the  Philos.  Works  of  Bolingbroke.  Serms 
174S,  '51,  '52,  '53,  '54,  '55,  '66,  '68,  '7S.     Other  works. 

331 


CHU 


cnu 


Chnrchey,  WiUiam,  Poems,  Essays,  Ac,  Lou.,  1789, 
1804. 

Churchill,  Col.  Ten  Years'  Residence  on  Mount  Le- 
banon, from  1842-52,  Lon.,  1S54,  3  vols.  8vo. 

*'  A  vahi.'ilile  .niid  interestinf^  work." 

Churchill,  Lord.  Letter  to  the  King.  fol. 
Churchill,  Charles,  1731-1764,  a  native  of  West- 
minster, uf  which  parish  his  father  was  curate,  was  educated 
at  Westminster  School,  and  resided  for  a  short  time  at 
Trinity  College,  Cambridge.  A  clandestine  marriage  at  an 
early  age  indicated  a  want  of  prudence,  which  was  after- 
wards manifested  in  a  remarkable  degree.  In  1756  he  was 
ordained  priest  by  Bishop  Sherlock,  and  two  years  later 
succeeded  his  father  in  the  curacy  and  lectureship  of  St. 
John's  at  Westminster.  About  this  time  his  parishioners 
■were  much  shocked  by  the  very  unclerical  deportment  of 
their  pastor,  who  was  more  frequently  to  be  found  at  the 
theatre  than  in  his  library,  and  who  neglected  the  society 
of  grave  and  reverend  prelates  for  companionship  with 
6ome  of  the  most  dissipated  "  men  about  town."  External 
decency  soon  fulluwed  forsaken  principles,  and  the  clergy- 
man shortly  appeared,  to  the  wonder  of  the  town,  in  a  blue 
coat,  ruffles,  and  gold-laced  hat !  He  had  already  tried  his 
powers  as  a  poet.  The  Bard,  written  in  1769,  was  rejected 
by  the  booksellers,  and  The  Conclave,  a  satire  upon  the 
Dean  and  Chapter  of  Westminster,  was  suppressed  by  the 
influence  of  Churchill's  friends.  In  17G1,  after  being  re- 
fused five  guineas  for  The  Rosciad — a  satire  upon  the  per- 
formers at  Drury  Lane  and  Covent-Garden  theatres — he 
pub.  it  at  his  own  risk  in  March,  1761.  Its  success  sur- 
passedhismostextravnganthopes.  The  Critical  Reviewers 
showed  it  no  mercy,  and  Cluirchill  retorted  in  The  Apology. 
Dr.  Pearce.  the  Dean  of  M'c-tminstcr,  took  the  triumphant 
and  gratified  author  seriously  to  t;isk  for  such  dereliction 
from  his  professional  duties  and  character.  Churchill  was 
in  no  mood  to  be  reasoned  with,  and  he  at  once  resigned 
his  post,  and  became  an  avowed  man  of  the  world — we  are 
sorry  to  say  in  the  worst  sense  of  the  term.  He  even  de- 
serted his  wife,  who  had  shared  his  privations  in  the  strait- 
ened circumstances  of  earlier  days,  and  thus  walking  "in 
the  counsel  of  the  ungodly,"  we  soon  find  him  occupying 
**the  seat  of  the  scorner,"  and  casting  off  all  fear  of  Hea- 
ven. That  notorious  profligate  and  abandoned  debauchee, 
John  Wilkes,  was  a  proper  mate  for  such  an  apostate,  and 
in  him  Churchill  confided  as  his  Guide,  Philosopher,  and 
Friend.  Wilkes  made  him  pay  for  the  honour  of  his  com- 
pany, and  instigated  him  to  write  The  Prophecy  of  Famine, 
a  Scots  Pastoral,  1763.  4to,  which  he  said  was  sure  to  suc- 
ceed, as  it  was  at  once  personal,  poetical,  and  political.  It 
is  a  bitter  satire  against  the  Scotti.sh  nation.  He  had  pre- 
viously given  to  the  Wftrld,  Night,  a  Poem,  1761,  4to.  The 
Ghost,  in  4  Books,  1762,  '63,  4to.  Epistle  to  Hogarth,  1763, 
4to.  (The  painter  had  represented  Churchill  in  the  form 
of  a  bear,  dressed  canonically,  with  ruffles  at  his  paws,  and 
holding  a  pot  of  porter.)  The  Conference,  a  Poem,  1763, 
4to.  To  the  Prophecy  of  Famine  succeeded  The  Duellist, 
1763,  4to.  The  Author;  Gotham;  The  Candidate ;  Inde- 
pendence; The  Times;  Farewell;  all  1764,  4to.  The  Jour- 
ney was  pub.  after  his  death;  also  a  vol.  of  sermons.  In 
1764  Churchill  visited  the  Continent  to  embrace  his  friend 
Wilkes,  who  had 

"  Left  bis  country  for  his  country's  pood," 
and  was  residing  in  France.  The  friends  met  at  Boulogne  ; 
but  almost  amidst  the  fir.st  congratulations,  Churchill  was 
attacked  with  the  military  fever,  and  after  a  few  days'  ill- 
ness he  was  summoned  to  his  "  dread  account,"  at  the  early 
age  of  34.  It  was  reported  that  his  last  exclamation  was, 
"What  a  fool  I  have  been!"  Wilkes  denied  this  :  we  should 
not  have  expected  him  to  admit  it,  if  undoubtedly  true. 
His  own  character,  as  well  as  CliurchiU's,  was  at  stake. 
That  the  erring  poet  experienced  remorse,  if  not  repentiince, 
for  his  transgressions,  may  be  fairly  inferred  from  some 
memorable  lines  in  The  Conference: 

*'The  tale  which  angry  Conscience  tells, 
When  she  with  more  than  tragic  horror  swells 
Each  circumstince  of  guilt;  when  stern,  but  true, 
She  brings  bad  actions  forth  into  review, 
And.  like  the  dread  hand-writing  on  the  wall, 
Bids  late  remoi'se  awake  at  Reason's  call : 
Armed  at  all  points,  bids  scorpion  vengeance  pass, 
And  to  the  mind  holds  up  reflection's  glass. — 
Thi^  mind  which  starting  heaves  the  heart^felt  groan, 
And  bates  that  form  she  knows  to  be  her  own." 
A  volume  of  Churchill's  Sermons  on  the  Lord's  Prayer 
(by  some  attributed  to  C.'s  father)  were  pub.  in  1765,  8vo. 
Prefixed  is  a  satirical  dedication  (which  induced  the  pub- 
lishers to  give  £250  for  the  ten  sermons)  to  Bishop  Warbur- 
ton,  in  which  that  dignitary  is  addressed  as  '*  Doctor,  Dean, 
Bishop,  Gloster,  and  Mv  Lord."     An  edit,  of  his  works  was 
382 


pub.  in  1754,  4to;  1774,  4  vols.  12mo;  with  Life  by  W 
Tooke,  1S04,  2  vols.  Svo.  Churchill's  poetry  attracted  littla 
fl,ttention  after  his  death,  and  is  now  almost  entirely  neg- 
lecttJd. 

"No  English  poet  had  ever  enjoyed  so  excessive  and  so  short 

lived  a  populaiify ;  and.  indeed,  no  one  seems  more  thoroughly  to 

have  understood  his  own  powers ;  there  is  no  indication  in  any  of 

his  pieces  that  he  could  have  done  any  thing  better  than  the  thing 

he  did.    To  Wilkes  he  said  that  nothing  came  out  till  be  began  to 

be  pleiised  with  it  himself;  but,  to  the  public,  he  boasted  of  the 

haste  and  carelessness  with  which  his  verses  were  poured  forth. . . . 

'  When  the  mad  fit  comes  on  I  seize  the  pen ; 

Rough  as  they  run.  the  i-apid  thoughts  set  down. 

Rough  as  they  run,  discharge  them  on  the  town.'" 

Cowper  was  a  great  admirer  of  the  poetry  of  a  man  whoso 
principles — or  want  of  them — he  could  not  but  detest: 

"He  is.  indeed,  a  careless  writer  for  the  most  part;  but  where 
shall  we  find  in  any  of  those  authors  who  finish  their  works  with 
the  exactness  of  a  Flemish  pencil,  those  bold  and  daring  strokes 
of  fancy,  those  numbers  so  hazardously  ventured,  and  so  happily 
finished,  the  matter  so  compressed,  and  yet  so  clear,  and  the  colour 
so  sparingly  laid  on,  and  yet  with  such  a  beautiful  etTect  ?  In  short, 
it  is  not  the  least  praise  that  he  is  never  guilty  of  those  faults  as  a 
writer,  which  he  lays  to  the  charge  of  others.  A  proof  that  he  did 
not  charge  from  a  borrowed  standard,  or  from  rules  laid  down  by 
critics,  but  that  he  was  qualified  to  do  it  by  his  own  native  powers, 
and  his  great  superiority  of  genius." 

"  Churchill  may  be  ranked  as  a  satirist  immediately  after  Pope 
and  Dryden.  with  perhaps  a  greater  share  of  humour  "than  either. 
He  has  the  bitterness  of  Pope,  with  less  wit  to  atone  for  it.  but  no 
mean  share  of  the  fine  manner  and  energetic  plainness  of  Dryden." 
— Thomas  Campbell. 

Churchill,  F.  F.,  D.D.     Serm.,  1773,  4to. 

Churchill,  Fleetwood,  M.I>.  On  the  Theory  and 
Practice  of  Midwifery,  Dublin.  2d  ed.,  1S50,  Svo.  Amer. 
edit.,  from  the  hist  edit,  with  Notes  and  Addits.,  by  D. 
Francis  Condie,  M.D.,  Phila.,  1851,  Svo. 

"The  lecturer,  the  practitioner,  and  the  student,  may  all  have 
recourse  to  its  pages,  and  derive  from  their  perusal  much  interest 
and  instruction  in  every  thing  relating  to  theoretical  and  practical 
mkXv/ifL'iy. "—Dublin  Quar.  Jot(r.  nf  Med.  Science. 

Researches  on  Operative  Midwifery,  Dublin,  1841,  Svo. 
Essays  on  the  Puerperal  Fever,  and  other  Diseases  Peculiar 
to  Women;  Amer.  edit.,  by  Dr.  Condie.  Phila.,  1S50,  Svo. 

"To  these  papers  Dr.  Churchill  has  appended  notes,  embodying 
whatever  information  has  been  laid  befnrethe  profession  since  their 
author's  time.  He  has  also  pretixed  to  the  Essays  on  Puerperal 
Fever,  which  occupy  the  larger  piiriinn  of  the  volume,  an  interestr 
ing  historical  sketch  of  the  |iriiirii);il  epidemics  of  that  disease. 
The  whole  forms  a  very  valvKtl'lc  follertion  of  papers,  by  profes- 
sional writers  of  eminence,  on  some  of  the  most  important  acci- 
dents to  which  the  puerperal  female  is  liable." — Ama'ican  Jownial 
of  Medical  Sciences. 

Ou  the  Diseases  of  AVomen,  Dublin;  3d  ed.,  1851,  12mo. 
A  new  Amer.  ed.,  revised  by  the  Author;  with  Notes  and 
Addits.  by  D.  Francis  Condie,  M.D.,  Pbila.,  1857,  Svo. 

"It  surp.asses  every  other  work  that  has  ever  issued  fiom  the 
British  press." — DuhUn  Quar.  Jour. 

"  We  now  regretfully  take  leave  of  Dr.  Churchill's  book.  Had  our 
typographical  limits  permitt^^d,  we  should  gladly  have  borrowed 
more  from  its  richly  stored  pages.  In  conclusion,  we  heartily  re- 
commend it  to  the  prnft'ssion.  and  would  at  the  same  time  express 
our  firm  conviction  that  it  will  not  only  add  to  the  reputation  of 
its  author,  but  will  prove  a  work  of  great  and  extensive  utility  to 
obstetric  practitioners." — Dublin  Mi  diced  Press. 

Diseases  of  Infants  and  Children,  Lon.,  1849,  Svo. 
Amer.  ed.,  by  Dr.  Keating,  Phila.,  Svo. 

"We  regard  this  volume  as  possessing  more  claims  to  complete- 
ness than  any  other  of  the  kind  with  which  we  are  acquainted. 
Most  cordi.^lly  and  earnestly,  therefore,  do  we  commend  it  to  our 
professional  brethren,  and  we  feel  assured  that  the  stamp  nf  their 
approliation  will  in  due  time  be  impressed  upon  it.  After  an  atten- 
tive perusal  of  its  contents,  we  hesitate  not  to  say,  that  it  is  one  uf 
the  most  cnmpnhensiveever  writt*-u  upon  the  di.seases  of  children, 
and  that,  fnr  iM[iii.usness  of  reference,  extent  of  research,  and  per- 
spicuity nf  (lit.iil.  it  is  scarcely  to  be  equalled,  and  not  to  be  ex- 
celled, in  any  language." — Dublin  Quarterh/  Jnumal. 

"  We  recommend  the  work  of  Dr.  Churchill  most  cordially  both 
to  students  and  practitioners,  as  a  valuable  and  reliable  guide  in 
the  treatment  of  the  diseases  of  children." — Amer.  Jour,  of  the  Med. 
Sciences. 

Churchill,  James.     Sermons,  1S06,  '11. 

Churchill,  James  Morss,  M.D.,  and  John  Ste- 
venson, M.D.  Medical  Botany;  new  edit.,  edited  by 
Gilbert  Burnett. 

"  So  high  is  our  opinion  of  this  work,  tb.at  we  recommend  every 
student  at  college,  and  every  surgeon  who  goes  abroad,  to  have  a 
copy,  as  one  of  the  essential  constituents  of  his  library." — Dr. 
John.fon'.i  Mid.  Cliir.  Ji''i-inv. 

Churchill,  Junius.     Liverpool  Odes,  179.1,  4to. 

Churchill,  Owusham,  and  John.     Collection  of 
"Voyages  and  Travels,  1704,  4  vols.  fol. :  17;^2,  8  vols,  fol, 
1744,  6  vols.  fol. ;  1752,  6  vols.  fol. ;  the  Harleian  Collection, 
1745—47,  2  vols,  fol.,  form  a  Supplement  to  the  above. 

"This  collection  is  very  valuable;  its  place  cannot  be  supplied 
by  recurring  to  the  origin.il  works,  as  a  gieat  part  of  them  are  first 
published  in  it  fmm  the  MSS." — G.  B.  de  la  Ricuarderie:  Bihlio 
thcqxc  Universdle  des  Voi/age.^. 

In  his  Directions  for  Study,  Bishop  Warburton  advises 


CHU 


CIB 


the  stuflont  rather  to  read  over  Churchill's  Cnllection,  (if 
he  would  liiuiw  what  human  nature  really  is,)  than  to  waste 
his  time  in  travelling  through  the  artificial  circles  of  society 
in  Europe. 

"  Here  we  may  see  Nature  stripped  stark  naked,  and  study  her 
without  disguise." 

The  American  student,  especially,  should  also  procure 
M.  Du  Perier's  General  History  of  Voyages  and  Travels 
throughout  the  Old  and  New  AVorld,  Lon.,  1707,  Svo. 

'■  Except  the  Introduction  of  36  pages,  the  whole  of  this  volume 
relates  to  the  early  voyages  of  the  Spaniards  to  America,  from 
Ovicdo.  and  other  Spanish  authors." — Iticu. 

And  let  the  lover  of  Voyages  and  Travels  not  fail  to  pro- 
cure Harris's,  Kerr's,  Haliluyt's,  and  Pinkerton's  Collec- 
tions, and  G.  Boucher  dc  la  Richarderic's  Biiiliotheque 
Universolle  des  Voyages,  Paris,  1808,  6  vols.  12mo.  The 
following  remarks  from  an  eminent  authority  should  he 
sufficient  to  stimulate  an  appetite  for  such  instructive  and 
delightful  studies. 

"  The  old  voy.<igers  are  .always  more  picturesque  and  poetical 
than  the  modern  ;  they  describe  those  simple  appearances,  which 
we  now  suppos,.  to  be  known.  Churchill  and  Harris's  Collections 
will  furnisb  you  with  great  abundance  of  Indian  imagery." — Sir 
James  Mackintosh. 

Churchill,  T.  O.  Trans,  of  Herder's  Philosophy 
of  History,  Lon.,  ISlKi,  2  vols.  Svo. 

"  Herder  is  the  founder  of  the  Philosophy  of  History :  nobody 
before  nor  after  bim  has  taken  up  the  grand  subject  in  its  full  ex- 
tent."— Chev.  Bttnscn's  Uippoh/l/is. 

Life  of  Lord  Nelson,  1808.  4to. 

"This  publication  may  he  considered  as  a  vehicle  for  prints; 
which,  however,  are  neither  good  in  design  or  execution." — 
Lowndes. 

Churchill,  Thos.  F.,  M.D.    Profess,  works,  1808,  '10. 

Churchill,  Sir  Winston,  father  of  the  Duke  of 
Marlborough,  1620-168S,  a  native  of  Dorsetshire,  was 
educated  at  .St.  John's  College,  O.\ford.  Divi  Britanniei, 
being  a  Remark  upon  the  Lives  of  all  the  Kings  of  this 
Isle,  from  the  year  of  the  World  2855,  unto  the  year  of 
Grace  1660;  with  cuts,  Lon.,  1675,  fol. 

"The  notices  in  this  work  are  very  slight,  but  said  to  he  very 
accurate  as  to  dates  and  authorities." — Dr.  Watt. 

In  some  copies  occurs  a  passage  stating  that  the  king 
may  raise  money  without  his  Parliament,  which 

"Being  much  resented  by  several  membersof  pari,  then  sitting, 
the  leaf  of  the  remaining  copies  where  it  was.  was  replanted  with- 
out that  passage,  purposely  to  please  and  give  content."— ^//iea. 
Oxoa. 

"  The  Divi  Riitannici  giv(s  the  reader  a  diverting  view  of  the 
arms  .-iiiil  fxplnils  of  our  kings  down  to  the  Restoration  in  1000." 
—Bnliap  y,r,,Js:,ii-s  Eiiij.  Hisl.  Librari/. 

Churchman.     History  of  Episcopacy,  1642,  4to. 

Churchman.  John,  d.  1805,  a  n.atiVe  of  Maryland, 
M.agnetic  Atlas,  Phil..  17911:  Lon.,  1704,  4to :  1S04,  4to. 

Churchman,  Theophilus,  i.  e.  Peter  Hcylin.  A 
Review  of  the  Certamcu  Epistote  between  Heylin,  D.D., 
and  Hen.  Hickman.  B.D.,  Lon.,  16.39.  12mo. 

Churchman,  Walter.  A  New  Engine  for  Raisin" 
Water.     See  Phil.  Trans.,  17.54. 

Churchy,  G.,  of  Lyons  Inne.  A  New  Book  of  Good 
Husbaudrie,  1599. 

Churchyard,  Thomas,  1520-1604,  a  native  of 
Shrewsbury,  author  of  many  prose  and  poetical  pieces, 
was  a  domestic  to  the  celebrated  Earl  of  Surrey,  and  after 
the  death  of  this  nobleman  served  as  a  soldier  in  several 
campaigns.  A  list  of  many  of  his  works  will  be  found  in 
Athen.  O.xon.,  Ritsou's  Bibl.  Poetiea,  Biog.  Brit,  Lowndes's 
Bibl.  Manu.al,  and  some  specimens  in  the  Censura  Lite- 
raria.  George  Chalmers  repub.  in  1817,  Svo,  Churchyard's 
Chips  concerning  Scotland,  being  a  Collection  of  his 
Pieces  relative  to  that  country ;  with  Historical  Notices 
and  Life. 

"  The  best  of  his  poems,  in  point  of  genius,  is  his  Le-ende  of 
Jane  i?hore,  and  the  most  popular  his  Wortliincss  of  Wales,  1680 
Svo,  of  which  an  edition  was  published  in  1778." 

"  An  excellent  soldier,  and  a  man  of  honest  principles."— 
Steype  :  Lifr  of  Grhuhtl 

"  By  the  men  of  those  times  he  was  accounted  a  good  poet,  by 
others  a  poor  court  poet ;  but  since,  as  much  beneath  a  poet  as  a 
rhimer.  — Athen.  Ortm. 

But  honest  Fuller  protests  against  such  depreciating 
observations :  ° 

"Though  some  conceive  him  to  be  as  much  beneath  a  poet  as 
above  a  rhvmer,  [s,c.]  m  my  opinion  his  verses  may  go  abreast 
witb  any  of  fliat  age,  writing  in  the  beginning  of  Queen  Elizabeth. 
It  s,.ems  by  lus  bis  tp.taph  in  Mr.  Camden's  '  Remains,'  that  he 
died  not  guilty  of  much  wealth: 

'  Come  Alecto,  lend  me  thy  torch. 
To  find  a  church-yard  in  a  church-porch: 
Poverty  and  poetry  his  tomb  doth  inclose; 
Wherefore,  good  neighbours,  be  merrv  in  prose.' " 

What  could  be  expected  but  "  poverty"  of 

"One  of  those  unfortunate  men.  who  have  written  poetry  all 
their  d.iys,  and  lived  a  long  life,  to  complete  the  misfortune"— 
DlSEAZU :    aUamities  of  Authors. 


Chnrton,  Edward.  The  Early  English  Church, 
new  ed.,  Lou.,  1841,  12mo.  Lays  of  Faith  and  Loyally, 
1847,  18mo.  Monastic  Ruins  of  Yorkshire,  i.  to  iv  1844- 
46,  fol. 

Churton,  Edward.  The  Railroad  Book  of  England, 
Lon.,  r.  Svo,  1851.  ° 

"  Mr.  Churton  has  been  pre-eminently  successful  in  accomplish- 
ing his  Herculean  undertaking,  and  has  placed  his  work  beyond 
the  danger  of  failure." — BpU's  M'sscng'r. 

Churton,  H.  B.  Whitaker.  Thoughts  on  the  Land 
of  the  Jloruing:  a  Record  of  Two  Visits  to  Palestine, 
1849,  '50,  Lon.,  1.852,  c.  Svo. 

"  An  agreeable  and  [imfital'le  companion  to  all  students  of  the 
sacred  volume." — I'ut/listi  Jurit'w. 

"  It  may  be  recntnuiended  especially  as  a  book  for  families." — 
Lan.  Christian  Observer. 

Churton,  Ralph,  1754-1S31,  a  native  of  Bickley, 
Cheshire;  entered  Brasenose  College,  Oxford,  1772; 
elected  Fellow,  1778;  Archdeacon  of  St.  David's,  1805. 
Eight  Serin.s.,  Lon..  1785,  Svo.  Serms.,  1785,  '90,  '93,  '98, 
1803,  '04,  '06.  Letter  to  the  Bp.  of  Winchester,  1796,  Svo. 
Lives  of  Bishop  Smith  and  Sir  Richard  Sutton,  Founders 
of  Brasenose  College.  Life  of  Alexander  Nowell,  Dean 
of  St.  Paul's,  1809,  Svo. 

"  Among  the  happiest  specimens  of  its  kind  which  the  present 
century  has  seen.  The  very  portrait  of  the  good  old  dean,  placing 
his  hand  upon  his  fishing-rod,  is  enough  to  rejoice  a  Waltonian." 

DiUDIN. 

Works  of  the  Rev.  T.  Town.snn,  D.D.,  ISIO,  2  vols.  Svo. 
Memoir  of  Dr.  Richard  Chandler  prefixed  to  a  new  ed.  of 
his  Travels  in  Asia  Minor  and  Greece,  Oxford,  1825,  2 
vols.  Svo. 

Chute,  or  Chewt,  Anthony.  Beautie  dishonoured, 
written  under  the  title  of  Shore's  Wife,  Lon.,  1593,  4t0. 
Perry  sale.  £26;  Jadis,  £15  15s.;  Bindley,  £34  13s. 

"  An  imitative  history  in  verse,  supposed  to  be  unique,  consisi> 
ing  of  197  six-line  stanzas." 

Cibber,  Collcy,  1671-1757,  Poet  L.aure.ate  to  George 
II.,  made  his  appearance  as  an  actor  at  the  early  age  of  18, 
but  not  meeting  with  the  success  he  anticipated,  he  deter- 
mined to  turn  author,  and  in  1695  prodnced  his  first  play. 
Love's  Last  Shift,  or  the  Pool  in  F.ashion.  The  author 
performed  the  part  of  Sir  Novelty  Fashion,  and  in  both 
capacities  ho  was  rewarded  by  great  .applause.  In  1704 
was  acted  his  best  piece.  The  Careless  Husband,  in  which 
Cibber  and  Mrs.  Oldfield  enacted  the  principal  characters. 
Ho  injured  himself  in  the  eyes  of  the  Jacobites,  in  1717, 
by  his  Comedy  of  the  Nonjuror.  He  was  quite  consoled, 
however,  for  their  enmity,  liy  receiving  a  pension  from 
Geo.  I.  of  £200,  being  promoted  to  the  post  of  Laureate  in 
1730.  In  this  year  he  quitted  the  stage;  but  appeared 
again  on  spechal  occasions.  An  edit,  of  his  Plays  appeared 
in  1721,  2  vols.  4to  ;  and  a  later  one  in  1777,  5  vols.  Svo. 
A  list  of  30  plays,  with  which  he  had  more  or  less  to  do, 
will  be  found  in  Biog.  Dramat.  His  Apology  for  his  Life 
presents  a  very  curious  picture  of  state  afl'airs  in  his  day. 
It  was  pub.  in  1740,  4to  ;  1756,  2  vols.  12mo;  new  edit., 
with  explanatory  Notices,  by  E.  Bollchambers.  1822,  Svo. 

Pope  h.ad  made  himself  ridiculous,  as  he  generally  did 
in  his  petty  malice,  by  m.aking  Theobald  the  hero  of  the 
Dunciad,  because  he  had  convicted  Pope  of  gross  igno- 
rance of  Shakspearo.  He  now  made  himself  ridiculous  a 
second  time,  by  exalting  to  that  dull  eminence.  CoUey 
Cibber,  one  of  the  wittiest  .and  most  sprightly  authors  of 
the  day.  Cibber's  letter  of  remonstrance  to  Pope  was  un- 
answerable. His  ambition  led  him  into  a  grave  error, 
when  it  induced  him  to  undertake  such  a  criticism  as  The 
Character  and  Conduct  of  Cicero  considered ;  pub.  Lon., 
1747,  4to.  Fielding  took  great  delight  in  ridiculing  him. 
Gibber's  name  is  frequently  introduced  in  Boswell's  Life 
of  Johnson. 

"  BoswEix :  '  Cibber  was  a  man  of  observation  V  Johnson  :  '  I 
think  not.'  Boswell:  'You  will  allow  his  Apology  to  be  well 
done.'  Johnson:  '  Very  well  done,  to  be  sure,  sir.  'That  book  is 
a  striking  proof  of  the  justice  of  Pope's  remark: 

'  Each  might  his  several  province  well  command. 
Would  all  but  stoop  to  what  they  understand.'  " 

Swift  was  so  much  pleased  with  Cibber's  Apology  for 
his  Life,  that  he  sat  up  all  night  to  read  it:  upon  hearing 
which.  Cibber,  it  is  said,  shed  tears  for  joy. 

Cibber,  Susanna  Maria,  d.  1766,  a  celebrated  ac- 
tress, sister  of  Dr.  Arne,  and  wife  of  Theophilus,  son  of 
Colley  Cibber,  trans,  in  1752,  The  Oiaelo  of  St.  Foix. 

Cibber,  Theophilus,  1703-1758,  son  of  Colley  Cib- 
ber, bore  oven  a  worse  moral  character  than  his  father, 
which  was  quite  unnecessary.  He  was  an  actor,  and  mar- 
ried first  an  actress  of  the  name  of  Johnson,  and,  secondly. 
Miss  Arne,  (see  .above.)  The  Lover,  C.  1730.  Patie  and 
Peggie,  B.  0.,  1730.  The  Mock  Officer,  F.,  173,3.  Other 
Dramatic  pieces,  and  alterations  of  Henry  VI.,  and  Romeo 


CIR' 


CLA 


nn  J  Juliet,  from  Shakspoare.  The  following  work  appeared 
under  his  name.  The  Lives  of  the  Poets  of  (i.  Britain  and 
Ireland,  from  the  time  of  Dean  Swift,  Lon.,  1758,  5  vols. 
12mo:  but  we  have  direct  evidence  that  Gibber  was  not 
sole  author  of  this  work: 

"  I  take  this  opportunity  to  testify,  that  the  book  called  Cihher's 
Lives  of  Vie  P-wts  was  not  written,  nor,  I  believe,  ever  seen,  by 
either  of  the  Gibbers,  but  was  the  work  of  Robert  Shiels,  a  native 
of  Scotland,  a  man  of  a  very  acute  understanding,  though  with 
little  scholastic  education,  who,  not  long  after  the  publication  of 
his  work,  died  in  London  of  a  consumption.  His  life  was  virtuous 
and  his  end  was  pious.  Tbeopbilus  Gibber,  then  a  prisoner  for 
debt,  imparted,  as  I  was  told,  his  name  for  ten  guineas.  The 
manuscript  of  Shiels  is  now  in  my  possession." — Dr.  Johnson; 
Life  of  Ifiimmmid. 

Here  Johnson  is  much  in  error,  for  we  have  GrifEth's 
(the  publisher)  testimony  that  Gibber  did  revise,  correct, 
and  add  to  the  MS.,  and  probably  wrote  some  of  the  Lives. 
See  Boswell's  Johnson  ;  and  for  publications  connected 
with  the  Gibbers,  father  and  son,  see  Lowndes's  Bibl. 
Manual. 

Cirencester,     See  Richard  of  Chichester. 

Clack,  J.  M.  Serms.  and  other  Remains,  with  Me- 
moir and  Fun.  Serm.,  by  J.  Hooper,  Lon.,  1817,  8vo. 

'•  We  have  seldom  met  with  so  many  incidents  of  an  affecting 
nature  in  connection  with  one  who  was  not  permitted  to  see  many 
years  on  earth,  as  are  presented  to  us  in  this  small  but  respectr 
able  volume." — Lfm.  Cuftgrt'g.  Mag. 

Clacy,  Mrs.  Charles.  A  Lady's  Visit  to  the  Gold 
Diggings  of  Australia  in  1852,  '53,  Lon.,  1853,  p.  8vo. 

"  The  most  pithy  and  entertaining  of  all  the  books  that  have 
been  written  on  the  gold  dit;;(^jngs." — Lon.  Literary  Gaz. 

"  We  recommeud  this  work  as  the  emigrant's  vade  mecum" — 
Lon.  Home  Orjinpatiion, 

Clagctt,  Nicholas,  1607-1663,  entered  Merton  Col- 
lege, O.tford,  1028;  Vicar  of  Melbourne,  Dorsetshire, 
about  1636;  subsequently  preacher  at  St.  Mary's  in  St. 
Edmund's  Bury,  Suffolk.  The  Abuses  of  God's  Grace,  Ac, 
Oxf .  1659,  Ito. 

Clagett,  Nicholas,  D.D.,  1654-1726,  son  of  the  pre- 
ceding, ailmitted  of  Christ  Church  College,  1671  ;  preacher 
at  St.  Mary's,  in  St.  Edmund's  Bury,  1680  ;  Archdeacon 
of  Sudbury,  1693.  A  Persuasive  to  an  Ingenious  Trial  of 
Opinions  in  Religion,  Lon.,  1685,  4to.  Serm.,  1683,  '86, 
1710.  Truth  Defended,  and  Boldness  in  Error  Rebuked,  <tc., 
being  a  confutation  of  Mr.  Whiston's  book  entitled,  The 
Accomplishment  of  Scripture  Prophecies,  Lon.,  1710.  Svo. 

'•  This  emiuent  divine  lived  extremely  valued  and  respected  on 
account  of  bis  exemplariness,  charity,  and  other  virtues."' — Biog.Br. 

Clagett,  Nicholas,  D.D.,  son  of  the  preceding,  d. 
17-46.  Bishop  of  St.  David's,  1731;  translated  to  Exeter, 
1746.     Serms.  1714,  '33,  '37,  '40,  '42. 

Clagett,  William,  D.D.,  1646-1688,  uncle  of  the 
preceding,  admitted  of  Emanuel  College,  Cambridge,  1659; 
was  for  7  years  preacher  of  St.  Edmund's  Bury,  and  sub- 
sequently preacher  to  the  Society  of  Gray's  Inn.  He 
pub.  many  theological  treatises,  chiefly  controversial. 
M'e  notice  a  few  :  A  Discourse  on  the  Holy  Spirit,  with  a 
Confutation  of  some  part  of  Dr.  Owen's  book  on  that  sub- 
ject, Lon.,  1678-80,  Svo.  An  Answer  to  the  Dissenter's 
Objections  against  the  Common  Prayers,  Ac,  1683,  4to. 
Extreme  Unction,  1687,  4to.  A  Paraphr,ase  and  Notes 
upon  the  First  Chapter  of  St.  John,  Lon.,  1686,  4to.  See 
Orme's  Bibl.  Bib.  SerDis.,1689-93,  2  vols.;  4thed.,1704-20, 
i  vols.  Svo. 

"  I  should  not  scruple  to  give  Dr.  Clagett  a  pbice  among  the 
most  eminent  and  celebrated  writers  of  this  Church,  and  if  he 
may  be  allowed  that,  it  is  as  great  an  honour  as  can  be  done  him." 
— ARCHnrsHOp  Sh\rpe. 

'■  His  writings  are  not  of  great  value,  and  are  now  little  known." 
—Orme's  Bilil.  Bib. 

Bishop  Burnet  praises  Clagett  for  his  learning,  piety, 
and  virtues. 

Claggett,  John.  Arianism  Anatomized,  1719,  Svo. 

Clairant.  Con.  to  Phil.  Trans,  on  the  Rays  of  Light, 
17.54.  '  ^ 

Clanes,  Thomas.    Answer  to  Vestry,  1812. 

Clancy,  M.,  M.D.    Templum  Veneris,  Lon.,  1745,  4to. 

Clanny,  W .  R.,  M.D.    I\lincral  Water.s,  &c.,  1807-16. 

Clanricarde,  Ulick,  Itlarquis  of,  and  Earl  of 
St.  Alban's.  Menndrs,  1722,  Svo.  Memoirs  and  Letters 
respecting  the  Rebellion  in  Ireland  tcm2>.  Charles  I.,  1757, 
fol.     The  first  work  Bishop  Nicolson  styles 

'•  A  lean  collection  of  letters,  warrants,  orders,  and  other  loose 
and  incoherent  slate-papers  relating  to  the  Irish  Rebellion." 

Clap,  Nath.,  1668-1745,  a  minister  of  Newport, 
Rhode  Island,  pub.  a  Serm.  on  the  Lord's  Voice  crying  to 
the  People  in  some  extraordinary  dhspensations,  1715. 

■■  Before  I  saw  Father  Glap,  I  thought  the  Bishop  of  Rome  had 
the  gravest  aspect  of  any  man  I  ever  saw;  but  really  the  mi- 
nister of  Newport  has  the  most  venerable  appearance."— Bishop 


j      Clap,  Roger,  1609-1691,  one  of  the  first  settlers  of  Dor- 
!  setshire,  Massachusetts.     Memoirs  of  himself,  1731;  with 
an  .appendix  by  Jas.  Blake,  1807. 

Clap,  Thomas,  1703-1767,  President  of  Yale  College, 
1739-66,  was  eminent  for  his  proficiency  in  Mathematics, 
Astronomy,  and  Natural  Philosophy.  Serm.,  1732.  Letter 
to  Mr.  Edwards,  1745.  Religious  Constitution  of  Colleges, 
1745.  Doctrines  of  the  Churches  of  New  England,  1755. 
Essay,  1765.  History  of  Yale  College,  1766.  Conjectures 
of  Meteors,  1781.  See  Holmes's  Life  of  Stiles;  Hist,  of 
Yale  College. 

Clapham,  Henoche.  Briefe  of  the  Bible's  History, 
Lon..  1596.     Theolog.  treatises,  1597-1609. 

Clapham,  Jonathan.     Theolog.  treatises,  1651-84. 

Clapham,  John.     Narcissus,  Lon.,  1581,  4to. 

Clapham,  John.     History  of  G.  Britain,  1602,  4to. 

Clapham,  Samuel,  d.  1830,  aged  76.  Serms.,  1792, 
Ac.  The  three  following  were  pub.  under  the  name  of 
Theophilus  St.  John  :  Orig.  Serms.,  1 790,  Svo.  Prac.  Serms., 
1802,  2  vols.  Svo.  Charges  of  Massillon,  from  the  French, 
1805,  Svo.    Points  of  Sessions   Law,  181S,  2  vols.  Svo. 

"  This  work  may  serve  as  an  index,  but  cannot  be  relied  on  for 
accuracy." 

Serms.  selected  and  abridged  from  various  authors, 
1803-15,  3  vols.  8vo.,  enlarged  ed.,  1S30,  2  vols.  Svo. 

"The  abridgments  will  be  found  extremely  useful  to  the  clergy 
as  skeletons,  or  heads  to  form  discourses  from." 

"These  sermons  are  truly  excellent." — British  Critic. 

The  Pentateuch,  or  the  Five  Books  of  Moses  Illustrated, 
Lon.,  1818,  12mo. 

"The  plan  is  judicious,  and  the  execution  is,  on  the  whole,  re* 
spectah\e."—Lfm.  Eclectic  Beiietv, 

Other  publications. 

Clapp,  John.    Serms.,  2d  ed.,  Lon.,  1S19,  3  vols.  Svo. 

Clappe, Ambrose.  Emmanuel  Manifested,1655,12mo. 

Clapperton,  Hugh,  1788-1827,  a  celebrated  African 
traveller,  was  a  native  of  Dumfriesshire.  He  was  cut  off 
by  the  dysentery  at  Saccatoo.  His  Journals  were  pre- 
served and  published.  Denham,  Clapperton,  and  Oudney's 
Travels  in  Africa,  1822-24,  Lon.,  1826,  4to.  Clappertou's 
Journal  of  a  second  Expedition  into  the  Interior  of  Africa, 
with  Lander's  Journal,  1829,  4to.  Clapperton  and  Oud- 
ney's Travels  in  Africa,  1828,  2  vols.  Svo.  Our  knowledge 
of  Africa  has  been  greatly  increased  by  these  publications. 
See  Lanber,  Richard  ;  Denham,  Dixon. 

Clapperton,  William.  Poems,  Ac,  Edin.,  Svo. 

CI apthorne,  Henry.  The  Hollander;  a  Play,1640,4to. 

Claramont,  C,  M.D.  De  Aere,  locis  et  aquis  Anglirs 
deque  morbis  Anglorum  Vern.iculis.  Diss,  nee  non  Obser- 
vationes  Medica3  Cambro-Britannicse,  Lon.,  1672,  12mo: 
1657,  Svo. 

Clare,  John,  b.  1793,  at  Helpstone,  near  Peterborough, 
of  obscure  parentage,  excited  much  attention  by  his  re- 
markable powers  of  poetical  description.  He  pub.  in  1820, 
Poems,  Descriptive  of  Rural  Life  and  Scenery,  which  im- 
mediately secured  the  public  favour. 

"  'f  be  instance  before  us  is,  perhaps,  one  of  the  most  striking  of 
patient  and  persevering  talent  existing  and  enduring  in  the  most 
forlorn  and  seemingly  hopeless  condition  that  literature  has  at 
any  time  exhibited." — Lon.  Quarterti/  Heview. 

In  1S21,  he  pub.  The  Village  Minstrel  and  other  Poems, 
2  vols.  Svo.  He  has  also  contributed  a  number  of  articles 
to  the  periodicals.  See  an  interesting  account  of  Clare  in 
Chambers's  Cyd.  of  Eng.  Literature. 

Clare,  John  Fitz-Gibbon,  Earl  of,  1749-1802, 
Lord  High-Chancellor  of  Ireland.  Speech  on  the  Union. 
Verses,  1774,  4to.     Report,  1798,  Svo. 

"A  man  of  an  ardent,  daring  spirit,  but  able,  virtuous,  and  par 
triotic."     See  Park's  Malpolo's  R.  and  N.  Authors. 

Clare,  John  Hollis,  Earl  of,  father-in-law  of  the 
Earl  of  Strafford,  who  was  beheaded.  An  Answer  to  some 
Passages  of  Sir  Francis  Bacon's  Essay  on  Empire.  Speech 
in  behalf  of  the  Earl  of  Oxford.  Letter  to  his  son-in-law, 
Strafl'ord. 

"  Lord  Clare  was  admired  for  his  letters;  and  Howell,  in  two  of 
his,  bears  testiniony  to  the  earl's  learning  and  skill  in  languages." 
See  Park's  Walpole's  R.  and  N.  Authors. 

Clare,  Martin.  Treatise  on  the  Motion  of  Fluids.  Lon., 
1735.  Svo;  with  addits.  by  R.  Hall.  M.D..  Lon.,  1802,  Svo. 
Clare, Peter,  Surgeon.  Prof,  treatises,  Lon.,177S,Svo. 
Clare,  15.  Trans,  of  a  Political  Declaration,  1649,  foL 
Clare,  R.  A.,  Surgeon.  Con.  on  the  Air  Pumps  to 
Nic.  Jour.,  1801. 

Clare,  William.  The  Natural  way  to  Learn  the 
Latin  Tongue.  Lon.,  1688,  Svo. 

Clarek,  Timothy,  M.D.  Profess,  con.  to  Phil.  Trans. 
1668;  on  the  Injection  into  Veins,  the  Transfusion  of 
Blood,  Ac. 

Clarence,  Duke  of,  (William  the  Fourth.) 
Speech  iu  the  House  of  Lords  on  the  Slavc-Trade,  Lon., 


CLA 


CLA 


1799,  8vo.    Stibstjincc  of  his  Speeches  in  the  House  of  Lords 
against  the  Divorce  Bill.  If^llll,  Svo. 

Clarendon,  Edward  Hyde,  Earl  of,  1608-1673, 
one  of  the  most  illustrious  characters  of  English  history, 
was  the  third  son  of  Henry  Hyde,  of  Dintou,  Wiltshire, 
where  he  was  born  on  the  16th  of  February.  He  was  en- 
tered of  Magdalen  College.  Oxford,  in  1622,  where  he  re- 
mained one  year ;  after  which  he  removed  to  the  Middle 
Temple,  and  pursued  his  legal  studies  under  the  direction 
of  his  uncle.  Nicholas  Hyde,  afterwards  Chief  Justice  of 
the  King's  Bench.  In  his  twenty-first  year  he  married 
the  daughter  of  Sir  George  Aylitfe,  who  only  survived  the 
union  six  mouths.  Three  years  afterwards  he  married  the 
daughter  of  Sir  Thomas  Aylesbury,  Master  of  Requests. 
He  informs  us  in  his  Life,  that  he  made  it  a  rule  to  select 
for  his  associates  none  but  persons  distinguished  for  their 
rank,  fortune,  or  accomplishments.  AVe  need  not  be  sur- 
prised, therefore,  to  find  among  his  "  list  of  friends,"  stars 
of  the  first  m.agnitude  : — Ben  Jonson.  Selden,  May,  Sir 
Kenelm  Dighy,  Edmund  Waller,  Lord  Falkland,  Sheldon, 
Morley,  Earle,  Hales,  Chilliugworth,  &c.  (See  Memo- 
rials of  his  own  life.)  The  patronage  of  the  Marquis  of 
Hamilton  and  Archbishop  Laud  was  of  great  value  to  the 
ambitious  aspirant  for  brilli.nnt  honours.  In  1640  he  was 
elected  a  member  of  Parliament,  and  as  a  Koyalist,  waged 
stern  war  with  Hampden  and  other  representatives  of 
popular  pretensions.  His  zeal  was  not  overlooked,  and  in 
161.'!  he  was  raised  to  the  high  position  of  Lord  Chancellor 
of  the  Exchequer,  sworn  a  member  of  the  Privy  Council, 
and  knighted.  When  affairs  had  taken  so  grave  a  turn 
that  it  was  deemed  prudent  to  send  the  priucc,  afterwards 
Charles  II..  out  of  the  way  of  danger,  Hyde  was  his  com- 
panion, but  remained  in  Jersey  when  the  prince  sailed  for 
France.  During  this  retirement  of  two  years,  he  wrote  por- 
tions of  his  two  celebrated  works.  The  History  of  the  Rebel- 
lion, and  Account  of  his  own  Life.  His  studies  were  inter- 
rupted in  1618,  by  directious  to  attend  the  prince  at  Paris. 
He  found  him  at  the  Hague,  where  the  news  soon  arrived  of 
the  execution  of  King  Charles  I.  Whilst  on  the  Continent, 
Clarendon  chiefly  resided  at  Madrid  and  Antwerp.  In 
1657,  King  Charles  II..  still  an  exile,  rew.arded  the  fidelity 
of  his  follower  by  creating  him  Lord  High  Chancellor  of 
England.  But  he  suffered  greatly  from  poverty  at  dif- 
ferent times,  having,  as  he  tells  us,  "neither  clothes  nor 
fire  to  preserve  me  from  the  sharpness  of  the  season."  At 
the  Restoration  he  displayed  great  sagacity  in  reconciling 
the  hostile  parties  who  composed  the  strength  of  the  king- 
dom, and  it  was  mainly  owing  to  his  counsels  that  the 
Republicans  escaped  the  bitter  chalice  which  they  had 
commended  to  the  lips  of  the  persecuted  and  down-trodden 
Royalists.  In  1660.  Hyde  was  chosen  Chancellor  of  the 
University  of  Oxford,  and  created  a  peer  by  the  title  of 
Barou  Hyde,  of  Hindon,  in  Wiltshire,  to  which  were  added 
in  1661,  the  titles  of  Viscount  Cornbury  in  Oxfordshire,  and 
Earl  of  Clarendon  in  Wiltshire.  Such  greatness  must 
needs  excite  the  envy  of  the  malicious ;  and  this  ill  will 
was  heightened  by  the  announcement  of  the  marriage  of 
his  daughter  to  the  Duke  of  York,  afterwards  James  II. 
This  event  was  unknown  to  Chuendon  until  its  publicity 
became  a  matter  of  necessity,  and  Charles  II.  did  not  per- 
mit it  to  deprive  him  of  his  favour.  In  166.3,  the  Earl  of 
Bristol  exhibited  a  charge  of  High  Treason  against  Claren- 
don, the  gravamen  of  which  w.as  an  alleged  intention  to 
favour  the  introduction  of  Popery  into  Great  Britain. 
There  were  other  causes  of  resentment — the  king's  neg- 
lect of  public  affairs,  the  extravagance  of  the  Court.  Ac— 
which  prudence  did  not  permit  to  be  openly  exposed.  In 
1667  he  was  removed  from  his  post  of  Chancellor,  and 
shortly  afterwards  received  the  king's  orders  to  leave  the 
country.  lie  sailed  for  Franco.  November  29,  1667,  and 
on  the  19th  of  the  ensuing  month  an  act  of  banishment 
shut  the  door  to  all  hopes  of  return  to  his  native  land. 
He  resided  for  four  years  at  Montpellier,  passed  some  time 
at  Moulins.  and  finally  took  up  his  residence  at  Rouen, 
where  he  died,  December  9,  1674.  There  was  nothing 
now  to  excite  the  animosity  of  his  foes,  and  his  body  was 
permitted  to  rest  in  the  land  he  had  so  faithfully  served, 
and  by  which  he  had  been  so  ungratefully  rewarded.  He  lies, 

"  Without  a  line  to  mark  the  spot," 
on  the  north  side  of  Henry  Vllth's  chapel,  in  Westminster 
Abbey.  Lord  Clarendon  had  by  his  second  wife  four  sons 
and  two  daughters  :  Henry,  the  second  Earl  of  Clarendon, 
(?.  f.,)  d.  in  1709;  Lawrence,  Earl  of  Rochester,  d.  in 
1711 ;  Edward  and  James  died  unmarried.  Frances  was 
m.arried  to  Thomas  Keightly  of  Hertingfordbury  ;  Anne 
married  James,  Duke  of  York,  and  was  the  mother  of 
Mary  and  Anne,  Queens  of  England. 
25 


As  an  author.  Lord  Clarendon  can  never  become  obso- 
lete while  the  slightest  interest  exists  in  one  of  the  most 
eventful  portions  of  England's  annals.  Speeches,  Argu- 
ment, Ac,  Lon.,  1641,  Ac.  An  Answer  to  the  Declaration 
of  the  Commons,  Lon.,  1648.  Svo.  Character  of  Robert, 
Earl  of  Essex,  and  George,  Duke  of  Buckingham,  1706; 
orig.  pub.  in  Reliquia;  Wuttoniana',  1672. 

'•'I'he  reader  will  be  here  entertained  with  the  pictures  of  two 
of  the  greatest  subjects  of  Europe  in  their  time :  anfi  althouffh  one 
of  tliem  is  inimitably  drawn  by  the  noble  Author  in  his  History, 
yet  this  signature  will  still  I>e  acceptable,  since  'tis  all  thrown 
into  another  view." — Prpfact  to  id.  1706. 

Narrative  of  the  Settlement  in  Ircl.and,  Lovain,  1668, 
4to.  Animadversions  on  a  Book  called  Fanaticism,  1674, 
4to.  Brief  View  and  Survey  of  Hobbes's  Leviathan,  Oxf., 
1676.  4to.  History  of  the  Rebellion  and  Civil  Wars  in 
England  begun  in  1641,  Ac,  Oxf.,  1702-04,  3  vols.  fol.  > 
1705,  '06,  6  vols.  Svo;  1717,  7  vols.  Svo.  Supplement, 
1717,  Svo;  1724,  Svo.  A  new  edit,  of  the  History  of  the 
Rebellion,  with  all  the  suppressed  passages,  and  the  un- 
pub.  Notes  of  Bishop  Warhurton,  Oxf.,  1826,  8  vols.  Svo; 
edited  by  Dr.  Bandinel : 

"Clarendon's  History  of  the  Rebellion  is  one  of  the  noblest  his. 
torical  works  of  the  English  nation.  In  the  present  edition,  which 
is  the  first  correct  and  complete  publication  of  his  History,  tlio 
passages  omitted  and  the  words  alteied  in  the  original  and  pie- 
ceding  editions  are  now  for  the  first  time  laid  before  the  public."' 
— i-dtnbtt7'ffli  Itn-ii'W. 

Last  edit.,  Oxf.,  1849,  7  vols.  Svo.  Hist,  of  the  Rebel- 
lion, Ac,  with  his  Life,  written  by  himself,  in  which  is  in- 
eluded  a  continuation  of  his  Hist,  of  the  Great  Rebellion, 
Lon.,  1842.  1  vol.  Svo.  Life  by  Himself,  with  continua- 
tion of  Hist.  Rebelliim,  55  plates,  Oxf.,  1827,  3  vols.  Svo  ; 
2  vols.  4to.  Hist,  of  Rebellion,  Lon.,  1840,  2  vols.  imp. 
8to.  Religion  and  Policy,  (first  pub.  from  the  MS. ,1811.) 
2  vols.  r.  Svo.  Hist,  of  the  Rebellion  and  Civil  Wars  in 
Ireland,  1720,  '21,  Svo.  This  is  a  vindication  of  the  Mar- 
quis of  Ormonde.  Hist,  of  the  Reign  of  Charles  II.,  2 
vols.  4to.  This  is  included  in  his  Life.  Collection  of 
Tracts,  Lon.,  1727,  fol.  Vindication  of  himself  from  the 
Impeachment  of  H.  Commons  in  regard  to  the  sale  of  Dun- 
kirk, Lon.,  1747,  fol.;  with  Reflections  upon  the  P.sahns, 
applied  to  the  troubles  of  the  times.  State  P.apers,  1621- 
74,  containing  the  Materials  from  which  his  History  was 
composed,  and  the  authorities  on  which  the  truth  of  his 
relation  is  founded ;  with  an  Appendix  from  Archbishop 
Sancroft's  MSS.,  Oxf.,  1767-86,  3  vols.  fol.  Miscellaneous 
Works.  2d  edit,,  1751,  fol.  An  Account  of  his  Life,  writ- 
ten by  himself,  Ac,  Oxf..  1759;  new  edit.;  see  above. 
Essays,  Moral  and  Entertaining;  new  edit,,  pub.  by  Rev. 
J.  S.  Clarke.  D.D.,  1815,  2  vols.  8vo.  The  Natural  His- 
tory of  the  Passions,  Svo. 

"  Many  doubted  whether  Lord  Clarendon  was  the  author  of  it; 
and  more  thought  that  it  was  the  sharking  trick  of  a  bookseller 
to  set  his  name  to,  for  sale  sake." — Wood. 

The  reader  should  peruse  T.  H.  Lister,  Esq.'s  Life  and 
Administration  of  Edward,  First  Earl  of  Clarendon,  with 
Original  Correspondence  and  Authenlic  Papers,  never  be- 
fore published,  Lon.,  1838.  3  vols.  8vo;  vol.  i.,  1609-60; 
vol.  ii.,  1660-74;  vol.  iii..  Letters  and  Papers. 

"  Lister's  Life  of  Clarendon  is  not  the  ingenious  or  eloquent 
pleading  of  an  advocate,  but  the  severe  and  enlightened  neutrality 
of  a  judge.  The  characteristics  proper  for  the  occasion  were  good 
taste  and  good  sense,  intelligent  research,  and  perfect  candour. 
And  these  Mr.  Lister  possesses  in  an  eminent  degree." — Edinburgh 
Ifnnew. 

"  A  v.aluable  contribution  to  the  history  of  our  native  countiy.'* 
— Lon.  Literary  Gazette. 

See  LisTEK,  Thomas  H.  To  these  valuable  volumes 
should  be  added  The  Correspondence  and  Diaries  of  Henry 
Hyde,  Earl  of  Clarendon,  and  Lawrence  Hyde.  Earl  of  Ro- 
chester, Ac,  by  S.  W.  Singer,  Esq.,  Lon.,  1828,  2  vols.  r.  4to. 
(See  below.)  The  reader  will  also  be  interested  in  An  His- 
torical Inquiry  respecting  the  Character  of  Edward  Hyde, 
Earl  of  Clarendon,  Ijy  the  Hon.  Agar  Elli.s,  Lon.,  1827,  Svo. 
Mr.  Ellis  arrives  at  the  conclusion,  which  will  be  rejected  by 
many  of  his  readers,  that  Clarendon  was  an  unprincipled 
man  of  talent.  This  notice  of  Mr.  Ellis's  opinions  may 
properly  introduce  some  quotations  from  various  authori- 
ties respecting  the  character  of  Clarendon  as  a  statesman 
and  an  author : 

"  I  cannot  but  let  you  know  the  incredible  satisfaction  I  have 
taken  in  reading  my  late  Lord  Clarendon's  History  of  the  Kebel- 
lion.  so  well  and  so  uncxpritrilly  wi-Il  wiltten — the  preliminary  so 
like  that  of  the  noble  P'iI\tiios.  leading  us  by  the  courts,  avenues, 
and  porches,  into  the  fal-iir;  tiic  style  masculine;  the  characters 
so  just,  and  tempered  without  the  least  impediment  of  passion  nr 
tincture  of  revenge,  yet  with  such  natural  and  lively  touches  as 
show  his  lordship  well  knew  not  only  the  persons'  outsides.  but 
their  very  interiors."— LeWers  of  Jolm  Eretiin  to  famud  Prpi/.i, 
Jan.  20, 1702.  '0.3.  See  Diary  and  Correspondence  of  Samuel  Pep'ys 
Lon.,  IS.M,  4  vols.  Svo. 

"  Uis  lordship  died  in  exile,  and  in  the  displeasure  of  his  ma- 


CLA 


CtA" 


jesty,  and  others  wlio  envied  his  rise  and  fortune — tarn  hreivs 
J\)pHU  Romani  amores  I  But  I  shall  say  no  more  of  his  uiinistryj 
and  what  >¥as  the  pretence  of  his  fall,  than  that  we  have  lived  to 
see  great  revolutions.  The  buffons,  parasites,  pimps,  and  concu- 
bines, who  supplanted  him  at  court,  came  to  nothing  not  long 
aftev,  and  were  as  little  pitied.  'Tis  something  yet  too  early  to 
publish  the  names  of  hJs  delators,  for  fear  of  one's  teeth.  Jiut 
lime  will  speak  truth,  and  sure  I  am  the  event  has  made  it  good. 
Things  were  infinitely  worse  mana.ied  since  his  disgrace." — Evflyn 
to  Pepys.  See  Diary  and  Corresp.  of  .1.  Evelyn,  Lon.,  1  So'2. 4  vols.  8vo. 
It  is  not  to  be  denied  that  many  of  his  lordship's  con- 
temporaries entertained  a  very  different  opinion  of  him ; 
and  Mr.  Agar  Ellis,  amon<;  modern  writers,  accuses  him 
of  treachery,  as  well  as  imbecility,  in  the  management  of 
Btate  affairs. 

"We  continue  our  quotations : 

"  The  Earl  of  Clarendon,  upon  the  Restoration,  made  it  his  busi- 
ness to  depress  everybody's  merits  to  advance  his  own,  and  the 
king  having  gratitied  his  vanity  with  hi;;h  titles,  found  it  nt-ces- 
sary  towards  making  a  fortune  in  proportion  to  apply  himself  to 
other  means  than  what  the  crown  could  afford." — Lord  1)art- 
llOUTH  :  N'lte  on  Burnet. 

"  Uad  Clarendon  sought  nothing  but  power,  his  power  had  ne^ 
ver  ceased.  A  corrupted  court  and  a  blinded  populace  were  less 
the  causes  of  the  chancellor's  fall,  than  an  ungrateful  king,  who 
could  not  pai'don  his  lordship's  having  refused  to  accept  for  him 
the  slavery  of  his  country.  .  .  .  liurkingbam,  Shaftsbury,  Lauder- 
dale. Arlington,  and  such  abniiiiiiable  nn-n,  were  the  exchange 
•which  the  nation  made  for  my  Lord  I'laieiidNii !  .  .  .  As  an  historian 
he  seems  more  exceptionable.     Ilis  majesty  and  eloquence,  his 

Sower  of  painting  characters,  his  knowledge  of  his  subject,  rank 
un  in  the  first  class  of  writers— yet  he  has  both  great  and  little 
fiults." — Horace  Walpole:  li.  &  N.  Authors. 

"lie  particularly  excels  in  characters,  which,  if  drawn  with  pre- 
cision and  elegance,  are  as  difficult  to  the  wrilers  as  they  are 
agreeable  to  the  readers  of  history.  lie  is  in  this  particular  as 
unrivalled  among  the  moderns  as  Tacitus  among  the  ancients.  .  .  . 
His  style  is  rather  careless  than  laboured :  his  periods  are  long, 
and  frequently  embarrassed  by  parentheses.  Hence  it  is,  that  he 
is  one  of  the  most  difficult  of  all  authors  to  be  read  with  an  audi- 
hle  voice." — Gravger''s  Bing.  Hist. 

"Clarendon  will  always  be  esteemed  an  entertaining  writer, 
even  independent  of  ouv  curiosity  to  know  the  facts  which  he  re- 
lates. His  style  is  prolix  and  redundant,  and  sulTucates  us  by  the 
length  of  its  periods;  but  it  discovers  imagination  and  sentiment, 
and  pleases  us  at  the  same  time  that  we  disapprove  of  it.  ...  An 
air  of  probity  and  goodness  runs  thi-ough  the  whole  work,  as  theso 
qualities  did  in  reality  embellish  tlie  whole  life  of  the  author.  .  .  . 
Claryudon  was  always  a  friend  to  the  liberty  and  constitution  of 
his  country." — Hume  :  Hist,  of  Eiifihuid. 

"The  lustre  of  all  partial  and  even  general  Histories  of  England, 
was  eclipsed,  at  the  opening  of  the  eighteenth  century,  by  the 
Histoi-y  nfthe  HebelHon  and  Civil  Tl^n-s— from  Ihft  poM-erful  pen  of 
Lord  Clarendon:  a  work,  of  which  the  impressions  and  profits 
have  increased  in  an  erjual  ratio — and  of  which  the  popularity  is 
built  upon  an  imperishable  basis.  A  statesman,  a  lawyer,  and  a 
philosopher  in  its  most  practical,  and  perhaps  rational,  sense,  there 
is  hardly  any  name  which  has  reached  us, encircled  by  purer  rays 
of  renown.  th:in  that  of  Hyde,  Earl  of  Clarendon,  or  any  which  is 
more  likely  to  go  down  to  posterity  in  a  more  unsullied  stat«  of 
purity." — Dr.  DiBDix:  Lihranj  Compauion. 

So  Southey  declares  Cliircndnn  to  have  been  "the  wipcst 
and  most  upright  of  statesman  :"  Init  Brodie,  on  the  other 
hand,  brand.s  the  Lord  Chancellor  as.  '*  a  miserable  syco- 
phant and  canting  hypocrite."  The  remnrks  of  Southey  in  a 
letter  to  Henry  Taylor.  Dcc.31, 1825,  are  well  worth  quoting: 

"For  an  Englishman  there  is  no  single  historical  work  with 
which  it  can  be  so  necessary  for  him  to  be  well  and  thoroughly  ac- 
quainted as  with  Clarendon.  I  feel  at  this  time  perfectly  assured, 
that  if  that  book  had  been  put  into  my  hands  iu  youth,  it  would 
have  preserved  me  from  all  the  political  crmis  wbi^h  I  have  out- 
grown.   It  may  be  taken  for  granted  that knows  this  book  well. 

The  more  he  reads  concerning  the  history  of  these  times,  the  more 
highly  he  will  appreciate  the  wisdom  and  the  integrity  of  Claren- 
don."—.S'oH^/jfy's  Life  and  Corrfspnndeuce. 

*'  Clarendon— a  lover  of  the  constitution,  of  his  country,  a  patrio- 
tic statesman— is  always  interesting,  and  continually  provides 
materials  for  the  statesman  and  philosopher." — Professor  Smttu, 
of  Camhridge. 

"  His  '  Life'  is  full  of  a  thousand  curious  anecdotes." — Bishop 
War  BURTON. 

"  You  ask  me  about  readinghistoi-y.  You  are  quite  right  to  read 
Clarendon ;  his  style  is  a  little  long-winded,  but,  on  the  other  hand, 
his  characters  may  match  those  of  the  ancient  historians,  and  one 
thinks  they  would  know  the  very  men  if  you  were  to  meet  them 
in  society.  Few  English  writers  have  the  same  precision  either  in 
describing  the  actors  in  great  scenes,  or  the  deeds  which  they  per- 
formed. He  was,  you  are  aware,  himself  deeply  engaged  in  the 
scenes  which  he  depicts,  and  therefore  colours  them  with  the  in- 
dividual feeling,  and  snmetinu-s,  doubtless,  with  the  partiality,  of 
a  partisan."— N/r  W,dt>'r  Smtr^  Lrlt.-r  t"  his  S<m. 

"  The  respect  wbirh  we  justlv  f.-,-I  fnr  Clarendon  as  a  writer  must 
not  blind  us  to  the  faults  wbi.h  he  cnmniitted  as  a  statesnia-n. .  .  . 
In  some  respefts  he  was  well  fitted  for  his  great  place.  No  man 
■wrote  .abler  state  papers.  No  man  spoke  with  more  weight  and 
dignity  in  council  and  Parliament.  No  man  was  better  acquainted 
with  general  maxims  of  statecraft.  No  man  observed  the  varieties 
of  character  with  a  more  discriminating  eye.  It  must  be  added 
that  he  had  a  strong  sense  of  moral  and  religious  obligation,  a  sin- 
cere reverence  for  the  laws  of  his  country,  and  a  conscientious  re- 
gard for  the  honour  and  interest  of  the  crown.  But  his  temper 
■was  sour,  arrogant,  and  impatient  of  opposition." — T.  B.  Macaulay  : 
Jlist.  of  England,  q.v.  ■    ■ 

3b6 


"  lie  is  excellent  in  every  thing  that  he  has  performed  with  care: 
his  characteis  are  b.-autifiilly  d«-lineatfd.  his  si-ntiments  have  often 
a  fi<ible  gravity,  which  the  length  of  his  periods,  far  too  great  in 
itself,  seems  to  befit;  but  in  the  general  course  of  his  narrative, 
he  is  negligent  of  grammar  and  perspicuity,  with  little  choice  of 
words,  and.  therefore,  sometimes  idiomatic,  without  ease  or  ele- 
gance. The  official  papers  on  the  royal  side,  which  are  generally 
attributed  to  him.  are  written  iu  a  masculine  and  majestic  tone, 
far  superior  to  those  of  the  Parliament."— l/tifiam's  Jntroduc.  to  Lit. 
Hist.;  and  in  his  Constitutional  Hist. of  Engbmd. 

See  Life  of  Edward,  Earl  of  Clareudun,  written  by  him- 
self, printed  from  the  original  MS.  in  tho  Bodleian  Library, 
Lon.,  1857,  2  vols.  8vo. 

Clarendon,  George  William  Frederick  Vil- 
liers,  Earl  of,  b.  in  1800,  is  the  present  representative 
of  the  great  Eurl  of  Clarendon,  and  of  the  brother  of  Vil- 
lier.s,  the  favourite  of  Jame.s  I.  He  succeeded  to  the  title 
in  1838.  lie  was  Lord  Lieutenant  of  Ireland  from  1847 
to  1S52,  and  has  held  several  important  offices.  In  1816 
he  was  appointed  President  of  the  Board  of  Trade.  He 
was  associated  (when  Mr.  Villiers)  with  I>r.  Bowring  in 
dr.awing  up  the  First  Report  on  the  Commercial  Kclations 
between  France  and  Great  Britain,  1834.  ful. 

Clarendon,  Henry  Hyde,  second  Earl  of,  1638- 
1700,  eldest  son  of  the  tirst  earl,  was  carefully  trained 
for  public  business  by  his  illustrious  parent.  In  resent- 
ment of  the  treatment  to  which  his  father  was  subjected, 
hejoined  the  party  which  opposed  the  court,  and  made  many 
speeches,  some  of  which  were  preserved  by  Mr.  Grey.  On 
the  accession  of  James  II.  he  was  made  Lord  Lieutenant 
of  Ireland,  but  was  superseded  by  Lord  Tyrconuel.  He 
refused  to  take  the  oaths  to  William  III.,  and  was  for  some 
time  imprisoned  in  the  Tower.  After  his  release  he  lived 
in  retirement  until  his  death  in  1709.  The  History  and 
Antiquities  of  the  Cathedral  Church  at  Winchester,  con- 
tinued by  Samuel  Gale,  Lon.,  1715,  8vo.  Two  Papers  in 
Gutch's  Collectanea  Curiosa,  vol.  i.  309-13.  State  Letters 
and  Diary,  Oxf.,  1763,  2  vols.  4to. 

'•  This  lliarv  presents  us  with  a  picture  of  the  manners  of  the 
age  in  which  the  writer  lived.  We  may  learn  from  it.  that  at  the 
close  of  the  seventeenth  century  a  man  of  the  first  quality  made 
it  his  constant  practice  to  go  to  church,  and  could  spend  the  day 
in  society  with  his  family  and  fiieuds,  without  shaking  his  arm 
at  a  gaming-table,  associating  with  jockies  at  Newmarket,  or  mui^ 
dering  time  by  a  constant  round  of  giddy  dissipation,  if  not  of  cri- 
minal indulgence." — Editor^s  Preface. 

In  1828  was  pub.  Clarendon  Papers;  viz.:  The  Corre- 
spondence of  Henry  Hyde.  Earl  of  Clarendon,  and  of  his 
Brother,  Lawrence  Hyde,  Earl  of  Rochester,  with  the  Diary 
of  Lord  Clarendon,  16S7-90,  and  the  Diary  of  Lord  Ro- 
chester; pub.  for  the  greater  jjart  for  the  first  lime  from 
the  original  MSS.,  recently  discovered  by  S.  W.  Singer, 
F.S.A.,  Lon.,  2  vols.  4to. 

"One  of  the  most  important  contributions  which  has  in  our  day 
been  made  to  history.'' — L>m.  Rrvirw. 

"This  Collection  of  Letters  and  Diaries  is  of  great  historical 
value." — Lon.  Athenaitm. 

"A  most  valuable  addition  to  our  national  records,  and  especially 
interesting  to  the  History  of  Ireland."— Xo?t.  Literary  Gazette. 

Henry  Hyde,  Lord  Hyde  and  Corneury,  the  eldest 
son  of  this  nobleman,  pub.  a  Comedy  called  The  Mistakes, 
or  The  Happy  Resentment,  printed  in  1758,  at  Strawberry 
Hill,  with  a  preface,  said  to  be  written  by  Lord  Orford; 
but  this  imputed  authorship  has  been  questioned.  He  wrote 
A  Letter  to  the  Vice-Chancellor  of  Oxford,  1751,  and  A 
Letter  to  David  Mallet  on  the  intended  Publication  of  Lord 
Bolingbroke's  MSS.;  see  Hawkesworth's  edition  of  Swift's 
Works.  A  few  pamphlets  of  his  composition  were  pub. 
anonymon.sly,  and  he  left  some  tragedies  in  MS.  He  was 
killed  in  France,  in  1753,  by  a  fall  from  his  horse. 

Clarendon,  R.  V.  A  Sketch  of  the  Revenue  and 
Finances  of  Ireland,  Lon.,  1791,  4to. 

'•A  clear  and  elaborate  view  of  the  finances  of  the  sister  island." 

— L"WM>KS. 

Clarendon,  Thomas.  Treatise  on  the  Foot  of  tho 
Horse,  Dubl..  1847,  12mo. 

Claridge,  John.  The  Shepherd  of  Banbury's  Rules 
to  know  of  the  Change  of  the  Weather,  Lon.,  1744,  8vo; 
reprinted,  1827,  8vo.  This  little  work,  once  very  popular, 
has  been  attributed  to  John  Campbell,  LL.D. 

Claridge,  John,     Agricult.  of  Dorset,  Lon.,  1793, 4to. 

'■  It  seems  iudiciously  pertbrmed."— My7a/rr/so7i's  Agricult.  Biog, 

Claridge,  Richard,  1649-172.3,  an  eminent  Quaker 
writer,  b.  in  Warwickshire ;  entered  of  Ealiol  Coll.,  Oxf., 
1666;  Rector  of  Peopleton,  Worcester,  1673;  joined  the  Bap- 
tists. 1691;  joined  the  Quakers  about  1697,  and  became  a 
minister  in  tiiis  society.  Serms.,16S9,'91.  Answer  to  Richard 
Allen.  1697,  4to.  Mercv  Covering  the  Judgment-Seat.  <&c., 
1700,  4to.  His  Case  and  Trial.  1710.  4to.  The  Novelty 
and  Nullity  of  Dissatisfaction,  &q.,  1714.  Lux  Bvangelica 
Attestata.  Melius  Inquirendum  Tractatus  Hierographicus. 
Life  and  Posthumous  Works,  by  Joseph  Besse,  1726,  8vo. 


OLA' 

CoEsMn^hf*'?  *^??**,";  ^-     •''"■'^<'  "'""g  'te  Danube  to 

in;i^;^;i;"';;t;;:x°T'il::i^S5^!i!;;f,"-,^'y  ^•i^ « not 

Clark.     Almanack  for  1634,  Camb.,  12n,o.' 
r  nrt'  ?Z'"'7-     '^"'""■""■•y  treatises,  1809,  Ac. 
Lon     ISW  *i'"*"5^'-     ^  S"™"'"y  "f  C'<>l'>"ial  Law,  Ac, 

w5^^iinf::::H4=th^l^^?c:^r"^"'^''^^ 

iT-  ",  '  r  "*•  '^°''°  Noakes  and  Mary  .'^tyles  ■  a  Poem 
e:.h,bit,ng  l.ngual  localisms  of  Essex,  12L,Lon'  1838  ' 
ArcLjlo^L^"'""  ^°<'   '---t'   piece  of   loc.,' aes"np,io„'-.- 

M,i,?fi  'm  '  ^*^-'  ''■P-  ''•  1«'2.  Mount  Desert  Island, 
M.a me.  6rst  became  known  by  his  contributions  to  Method- 
ist Quarterly  Review.  He  is  the  author  of  several  works, 
among  wh.eh  are:  1.  Treatise  ou  Mental  Disei,dine.  2 
Death-Bed  Scenes.    3.  Life  and  Times  of  Bishop  Heddin.. 

^t„  f  ?ulf\  '""^  ""■'  '^^toDsively  and  favourably  re- 
viewed by  the  N.  Amor.  Rey.  and  other  leading  Quarterlies 
of  America  and  England.  It  is  one  of  the  standard  pub- 
Iicaticms  of  the  "Methodist  Book  Concern."     In  1852  Dr 

the     Western  Book  Concern"  of  the  Meth.  Church. 
tiark,  l,mily.     Novels,  Lon.,  1798,  1800  '05 
f.  "'M';"""-    1-  Poems.   2.  Rustics.  1775, 1805,  Svo. 
r.i      .  '  U^'^'Se.    Legal  compilations,  Lou.,  1777-1803 
Clark,  Rev.  (.eorge  H.,  an  Episcopal  minister,  born 

^f  ^ttn^Sl'^J^k.  ''''  ^''^^""'^  ^""  ^■'■^"-»- 

fiv'^'^e'''''.  ^i'',"?*","-  Oughtrcdus  cxplicatus,  Lon.,  1682, 
Svo.  Spot-DialI,lG87,4t.,.  Traetatus  duo  de  Fide  Nieena 
Ac,  conda  (i.  Bullum,  1095,  8yo  i>icena, 

clnrr'  JJrr'  7'f  "'»S-.*™='ti-'''S,Lon.,1655-5r,4to. 
19  ,;  "",?"•     Iiilroduetion  to  Heraldry,  Lon.,  1776 

12mo;  14th  edit.,  1845,  12mo.  on.,  i,/o, 

A  Concsc  Ita.  of  Knighthood,  1784,  2  voIs.'Svo. 

Clark,  J.  Patersoii,  Dentist  Extraordinary  to  his 
R.  H.  Prince  Albert.     System  of  treating  the  Teeth  Lon 
Svo.     Treatise  on  Teeth,  Ac,  12mo,  1S39.     Teething  and 
Management,  Svo,  1839.     The  Odontalgist,  1854,  p.  fvo 

J"^^^}  ^:.i=:^"cS;ISS^ne^^  J(^ 
Life,  Syracuse,  1854,  12mo.  Pioneer 

Clark,  James.    Sermon,  Edin.,  1704. 
Clark,  James.     Velorinary  treatises,  1770,  '88 
Clark,  Jaracs,  M.D.     Profess,  treatises,  1788-97 
Clark,  S.r  James,  Bart.,  Physieian-in-Ordinary  to 
the  Queen;  b.  17SS,  at  Cullen,  Banffshire.     Sanative  Influ- 
ence of  Climate,  1S29;  4th  ed.,  1846,  8vo. 
tin'l'^,?  ilrnUir""'"'''  ';""'l'*"'""  t"  c'very  invalid  who  seeks  rostoi-a- 
tS  JhXl  Pr"l"08-itin„  of  life  b,,,u.,.th  a  milder  sky  than 

th.jt  wh  ch  lowers  over  his  native  lan,l."-io«.  Mal.-Chir.  Rn. 
treatise  on  Pulmonary  Consumption  and  Scrofula,  1835. 


CLA 


n  ,  '""Kv/"''"*  Caledonian  Bards,  trans,  from  the 
Gaelic,  17,8  Svo.  Poems  of  Ossian,  1781,  Svo.  General 
V  lew  of  the  Agriculture  of  Brecknock  county;  of  Radnor: 
of  Hereford;  all  1794,  4to.  ' 

A^JmI*,!^!"^  """"i*/  c''"''*^  '■"'''  "^^laBed  in  a  superior  style."- 

Nature  and  Value  of  Leased  Property,  1808,  Svo 

Clark,  John.     Sermons,  Lon.,  Svo 

Clark,  John,  M.D.,  1609-1676,  came  from  London  to 
Rhode  Mand  111  News  from  New  England;  or,  A  Narra- 
tive of  Ivew  England's  Persecution,  Lon.,  1652,  4to,  etc. 

Clark,  John.     Tamerlane,  Lon.,  1653,  4to. 

Clark,  John.     Sermons,  1T16,  4to 

i-^'"*/'''  ^,"''"'  ,''■  ^'^^*-  Education  of  Youth,  Lon., 
1,-0,  8vo.  On  Study,  1731,  Svo.  Making  of  Latin,  1749 
J-ino.     Other  works.     He  edited  several  Latin  authors.    ' 

Clark,  John,  M.D.,  1744-1805,  a  Scotch  physician, 
ruh.  a  work  on  Contagious  Fevers,  Newcast,,  1802  ]''mo 
and  several  other  profess,  works,  1777-1801. 

Clark,  John.     Penman's  Diversion,  4to. 


Clark,  John.    See  Clarke 
Clark,  Sir  John.     See  Clerk. 

works,  whichattainedconsiderablepopularity  Awake  Thon 

'Ir'T  k'V"';V  ^^"  ^'°'-'^'  I-'"'  Gather  dFragm^ts 
5th  ed.,  N.  Y.  i2mo.  The  Young  Disciple,  6ih  cd^  N  Y 
12mo.^  The  Pastor's  Testimony,  6th  'ed.  N.  Y.  fimo 
Gleanings  by  the  Way,  Phila.,  12n,o.    A  Walk  abo,  t  Zion' 

r8l7,''2'f:i'r';  if  ^"'""^  ''^  «•  h-  ^^^g-  ^■^■>  ^^t 
as';j::-,S'?;|Sj^lis^,^S^^:;^^s;*;;^;;:;^!sz'"l^;^ 

works  are  al   characterized  bv  iroo,l  th,,i„ri,t=   ,„  ii  •^■j  ■ 

paceful and appiopHate man^eri;'  -  '      «'    ^us;;'  sfa'^f r^iilln" 
R-n'orme™™"'  """-^  '"  ^'"^""^  ">«  ■^l'i-"-l"fr,e?estro'f"b^ 
Clark,  Jonas,  of  Lexington.  Mass.,  1730-1805     Ser- 
mons, 1766, '68   '81.     See  Everett's  Orations,  i.  536. 
Clark,  Joshua.     Sermons,  1691,  '98,  4to 
Clark,  Kennedy.     Poems,  1804,  12mo 

Clark,  Lewis  Gaylord,  twin-brother  of  Willis  Gav- 
LORn  Clark,    p,,,,)  has  obtained  groat  popularity  In  his 
capacity  of  editor  of  the  New  York  Knickerbocker  Maga 
?s?9   K     n'  ^^?T"a°'  P'"°<iieal  was  started  in  Decembe, 
l».i-,  by  C.F.  Herman,  who  was  succeeded  in  the  editor 
ship  ,n  183.3,  by  Timothy  Flint.     Mr.  Clark  assumed  the 

of  ;tV-\  /  '  ''"V,"  ! ''?  ^^^^^  niaiutains  a  post  the  duties 
of  which  few  could  disch,argo  so  well.  So  long  as  he  offers 
the  tempting  display  of  an  "Editor's  Table"  furnished 
with  so  great  a  profusion  of  good  things,  he  may  reasonably 
expect  an  abundant  supply  of  delighted  guests.  It  is  no 
small  recommendation  of  such  fare,  that  each  may  partake 
to  his  hearts  content,  without  diminishing  the  ouantity 
or  injuring  the  quality,  of  the  common  stock;  and  Mr 
Uark  has  kindly  offered  for  the  benefit  of  the  public  at 
large,  a  portion  of  the  viands  which  have  for  so  many 
years  tickled  the  literary  palates  of  the  readers  of  the 

Ne"w  Yotlsstlfrnf  ■'""'"''^'^"'"'^"  ^^''"'^  '>^'^"'=' 

matter."— P„(„am's  ihigarine,  Jmumry,  1S53.  ^ 

Clark,  M.     Sermon,  Lon.,  1718,  Svo. 

Clark,  i»Iargaret.     Confession  of,  Lon.,  1688,  4to 

Clark,  N.     Way  of  Truth,  Lon.,  1717,  '18,  2  vols.  Svo. 

Clark,  Peter,  of  Danvers,  Mass.,  d.  1768,  aged  75. 
Sermons,  i-c,  1728-63.  ,    a  ^  ••>■ 

Clark,  R.  Veriniculars  destroyed;  with  an  Historical 
Account  of  Worms,  Lon.,  1690-93.  4to 

Clark,  Richard.  Favourite  Pieces,  performed  at  the 
Glee  and  Catch  Clubs,  Ac,  1814,  Svo. 

Clark,  RobeTt.  The  Lying  Wonders,  or  rather  the 
Wonderful  Lies,  Lou.,  1600,  4to. 

1824''*sv^  ""'^•^■''-     "^^^  "^"^  "^  »■  Sheriff  in  Scotland, 

lova'^^'^jT"?^'  ""^"^  ^•'  "  Presbyterian  minister,  b. 
181.),  at  ^ewburyport,  Mass.  Heaven  and  its  Scriptural 
Emldems.  Memoir  of  Rev.  John  E.  Emerson.  Lectures 
to  loung  Men.  Review  of  Prof.  Stuart  on  Slavery  Ro 
manism  in  America.  Life  Scenes  of  the  Messiah.  Also 
i-amphlets.  Sermons,  Ac,  and  contributions  to  various 
journals. 

Clark,  S.     Description  of  the  World,  1689,  fmo 

Clark,  Samuel.     Laws  of  Chance,  Ac,  1758-77  ' 

.«.,?'  '^'"""•-'''    Theory  and  P.  of  Mechanics,  1763, 

04,  4t0.  ' 

Clark,  Rev.  Samuel  A.,  an  Episcopal  minister,  b. 
at  Newburyport,  Mass.  Memoir  of  the  Rev.  Albert  W 
Duy,  prefixed  to  a  vol.  of  Mr.  Diiy's  sermons,  Phila  ,  1846 
n  8vo,  and  pub.  separately  by  (he  American  S.  S.  Union.' 
Hist,  of  St.  John's  Church,  Elizabethtown,  N.J.,  1703-1857, 
Phila.,  1857.  12mo.     See  Murray,  Nicholas,  DD.,  No.  1. 

laE  «  ',^**'P'"'"  ^*'''  '^-  '"  ^'-Y-:  grad.  Amherst  Coll., 
i8.J7.  Analysis  of  the  English  Language.  Practical  Gram- 
mar.    Etymological  Chart. 

EngUsi'lan^'ai;."'"""  "  ™"  "™  ""^  '"'''^  etymology  of  the 
Clark,  T.     Perpetuation  or  Extinction  of  the  Eeclesi 

astical  Jurisdiction  in  Temponal  Concerns,  Lon.,  1840  Svo" 
r^  *''^  '  ?^*'"""»s.  Nature.&c.of  Fever,  Edin.,]801,8vo' 
C  ark,  Thomas.  Long-Shore  Pilot,  Lon.,  1810,8v" 
J^i  '  .  '  gliomas.  System  of  Arithmetic,  1812,  Svo 
_C  lark,   1  homas.     Hist,  of  Intolerance,  Lon     Svo 

pr^ui^^i^^it^s^i^r-  -'''"'-'  '"^*"'^  --^  ""=-< 


CLA 


CLA 


Clark,  Thomas  M.,  D.D.,  Bishop  of  the  P.E.  Church  I 
in  the  State  of  Khnde  Island,  b.  in  Is^ewburyport,  Mass.  ' 
Lecture:^  on  the  Formation  of  Character,  Hartford,  1S52,  ' 
12mo.     Purity  a  Source  of  Strength.     The  Efficient  Sun- 
day-School Teacher.    An  Efficient  Ministry.    Early  Disci- 
pline and  Culture,  Prov.,  1855,  12mo.     Other  publications. 

Clark,  W.  Hist,  of  England;  ed.,  with  Addits.  and  Ques- 
tions, by  Prof.  J.  C.  Moffat,  of  Princeton  Coll.,  Ciu.,  1851. 

Clark,  W.  B.     Asleep  in  Jesus,  Phila.,  18mo. 

Clavk,  Wilfred.     Serms.,  Lon.,  1754,  '97,  4to. 

Clark,  William.  The  Grand  Tryal;  or,  Poetical 
Excereitations  upon  the  Book  of  Job,  Edin.,  1685,  fol. 

"A  very  liberal  and  respectably-executed  paraphrastic  version: 
tbo  coinnion  En^'li^h  translation  is  given  on  tlio  margin." — Orme. 

Clark,  William.  The  Restless  Ghost;  or,  Wonder- 
ful News  from  N.irtbamptonshire  and  Southwark,  4to. 

Clark,  William.  1.  Tythes.  2.  Relief  of  the  Poor, 
1-^15.  .S\-o. 

Clark,  William  George,  M.A.  Gazpacho;  or,  Sum- 
mer Months  in  Spain,  Oxfurd,  1S50,  8vo.  Peloponnesus: 
Notes  uf  Study  and  Travel,  8vo. 

"  For  archajological  illustrations  relafiii;^'  to  "Mycf-nae,  Mantinea, 
and  Olympia,  the  Styx,  the  site  of  tlip  lnitllM-iji-lil  of  Mantinea, 
botanical  notes  upon  the  banks  of  the  Ladon  ainl  the  Kurotas,  the 
flowers  of  asphodel,  the  brai.-keu3.  the  pools  fringed  with  lashes  of 
fern,  which  the  modern  Greeks  call  poetically  '  black  eyes,'  we  have 
much  pleasure  in  referring  the  reader  to  this  scholar-like  voUime, 
fullof 'beauty  with  simplicity.'" — Zion..4(/jen., No.  1601,  July 3.1858. 

Clark,  "William  H.     Water  Colours,  Lon.,  1807,  fol. 

Clark,WiUisGaylord,lS10-1841,anativeof  Otisco, 
New  York,  proprietor  and  editor  of  the  I'enerable  Phila- 
delphia Gazette,  gained  great  distinction  in  the  walks  of 
both  poetry  and  prose.  As  specimens  of  the  former,  we 
need  only  select  from  the  many  pieces  the  '*  Song  of  May," 
"  Memory,"  and  "A  Lament."  His  facility  and  excellence 
in  prose  composition  will  be  seen  by  reference  to  Ollnpo- 
diana,  (New  York.  1S44,  8vo,)  a  series  of  papers  contri- 
buted to  the  New  York  Knickerbocker  Magazine,  of  which 
his  brother,  Lewis  Gaylord  Clark,  was,  and  still  is,  editor. 
His  Poems,  also,  have  been  pub.  in  a  collective  form.  See 
Qriswold's  Poets  and  Poetry,  also  bis  Prose  Writers  of 
America;   Duyckincks'  Cyc.  of  Amer.  Lit. 

*'  These  three  numbers  of  Mr.  Clark's  writings  contain  a  series 
of  essays  and  sketches,  under  the  rather  liintastic  title  of  '  Ollapo- 
diana,'  which  were  originally  published  in  the  Knickerbocker. 
They  are  written  in  a  free  and  flowing  style,  merry  and  sad  by 
turns,  now  in  the  sunshine  and  now  in  the  shade,  but  always  with 
an  undercurrent  of  deep  feeling,  in  whii  h  thern  are  no  impurities. 
Occasionally  poems,  sometimes  original  and  at  others  selected,  are 
introduced,  showing  the  taste  and  graceful  power  of  the  author, 
and  the  habitual  tendency  of  his  mind  toward  the  beautiful.  In- 
deed, we  think  Mr.  (.'lark  a  better  poet  than  prose  writer.  The 
whole  tune  of  his  mind  is  highly  poetical,  and  his  thoughts  con- 
tinually flow  into  rhythm,  if  not  into  rhyme.  ...  All  Jfr.  Clark's 
friends  faud  few  men  have  had  more  or  warmer  ones)  will  welcome 
this  vdlume.  as  a  minor  of  his  mind,  of  his  quiuntness,  his  hu- 
mour, his  pathos,  his  ea.sy,  careless  manner,  his  disi-egard  of  con- 
ventionalities, and,  above  all,  of  his  gentle,  humane,  and  generous 
heart." — N.  Amer.  i?fi'.,  Vix.  239:  Tfie  Litp.rarii  Remains  of  the 
Ute  Willis  Gaylord  C/ark,  Nua.  1,  2,  and  3,  New  York,  184-1,  8vo. 

Clark, William  Tierney,  178;.l-18j2:  a  distinguished 
civil  engineer.  Account  of  Suspension  Bridge  across  tho 
Danube,  r.  8vo. 

Clark,  Zachary.     Charities  in  Norfolk,  1S12. 

Clarke's  British  Gazetteer,  Political,  Commercial,  Ec- 
clesiastical, and  Historical,  1852.  3  vols.  imp.  Svo. 

Clarke,  Adam,  LL.D..  1762-1832.  a  native  of  Ma- 
gherafclt.  near  Londonderry,  Ireland,  was  recommended  to 
the  notice  of  the  excellent  John  Wesley,  and  by  his  influence 
placed  at  the  Kingswood  School  near  Bristol.  The  pur- 
chase of  a  Hebrew  Grammar  led  him  to  cultivate  an  ac- 
quaintance with  Oriental  literature,  in  which  he  attained 
considerable  proficiency.  When  PJ  he  became  an  itinerant 
preacher,  and  was  thus  employed  for  26  years.  In  1805 
he  settled  in  London,  where  he  assiduously  devoted  him- 
self to  a  work  which  engaged  his  attention  more  or  less  for 
a  large  portion  of  his  life — the  Commentary  on  the  Bible. 
In  1815  he  retired  to  an  estate  at  Millbrook,  in  Lancashire, 
purchased  for  hina  by  some  generous  friends.  In  1826  he 
visited  the  Shetland  Isles,  to  ascertain  the  condition  of  the 
Methodist  Mission,  established  by  the  conference,  at  his 
suggestion,  in  1822.  In  1823  he  returned  to  London,  but 
finding  his  health  impaired,  removed  to  the  parish  of  Rus- 
lip,  in  Middlesex,  where  be  remained  until  his  death  in 
1832.  Dr.  Clarke  was  eminent  for  industry,  piety,  and  zeal. 
His  Commcntiiry  on  the  Scriptures  will  carry  his  name  to 
the  remotest  generation.  Dissertation  on  the  Use  and 
Abuse  of  Tobacco,  I^on..  1797,  Svo.  A  Bibliographical 
Dictionary,  Liverp.  and  Manchest.,  1802,  '04,  6  vols.  12mo; 
Supplement.  Lon.,  1806,  2  vols.  12mo.  This  work  is  not 
entirely  without  merit,  although  frequently  inaccurate,  but 
tho  miserable  paper  on  which  it  is  printed,  and  the  trouble 


of  consulting  8  small  volumes,  are  sufiicient  to  repel  aught 
save  the  most  determined  bibiiogrnphical  zeal.  It  includes 
the' Vvh'de  of  the  4th  ed.  of  Harwood's  View  of  the  Classics. 
100  copies  of  the  Dissertation  on  Polyglot  Bibles  was  pub. 
separately,  1823.  Baxter's  Christian  Directory  Abridged, 
1804,  2  vols.  Svo.  A  new  edit,  of  Claude  Fleury's  Hist,  of 
the  Ancient  Israelites,  [trans,  into  Engli^h  by  Farneworth, 
Lon..  1756,  Svo.]  1805,  12mo.  Ptespecling  this  valuabla 
work  see  Bishop  Home's  Discourse,  vol.  i.  The  Eucharist, 
1808,  8vo.  The  Succession  of  Sacred  Literature,  1807, 
12mo  and  Svo;  1821,  12mo;  new  edit.,  1831,  2  vols.  Svo; 
vol.  2d,  by  Rev.  J.  B.  B.  Clarke.  This  valuable  catena  ex- 
tends from  Moses,  B.C.  1451,  to  Thomas  Wicke,  a.d.  1299. 
No  bibliographer  should  be  without  it. 

"The  whole  contains  much  important  information  relative  to 
biblical  and  ecclesiastical  literature." — Home's  Bihl.  Bib'. 

A  new  ed.  of  Shuekford's  Connexion,  1803,  4  vols.  Svo. 
Illness  and  Death  of  Richard  Porson.  Sturm's  Reflectiona 
on  the  AVorksof  God  and  his  Providence,trans.  from  the  Ger- 
man, 2  vols.  Svo ;  4  vols.  12nio ;  3  vols.  12mo ;  2  vols.  12mo. 

"  Kay,  Derham,  and  Sturm,  make  Science  the  handmaid  to  Iteli- 
gion,  by  interspersing  serious  and  devotional  reflections  with 
scientitic  information." 

See  Andrews,  Eliza.  The  Holy  Bible,  with  a  Com- 
mentary and  Critical  Notes,  Lon.,  1810-26,  8  vols.  4to,- 
improved  cd.,  183.3,  '34,  4to;  also  in  royal  Svo;  new  ed.  io 
60  parts,  2((.  each,  or  6  vols.  imp.  Svo,  1851. 

"^'ow,  my  dear  Kverett,  tell  Mr.  Tej^g  it  will  not  be  to  him  a 
secrmd-Uand  edition,  for  the  multitudinous  emendations  and  cor- 
rections from  the  author's  own  and  last  hand  will  ^\\&  him  a  com- 
plete new  copyi  ijiht.  A.  Clarke." 

A  Supplementary  volume,  entitled  The  Biblical  Com- 
panion, by  another  hand.  Dr.  Clarke  culled  his  materials 
from  more  than  two  thousand  hooks  in  various  languages. 

"  It  is  assuredly  a  wonderful  performance,  carried  on  as  it  was, 
in  the  midst  of  journeyinys  and  privations — of  weai-iness  and  pain- 
fulness — of  care  and  distraction;  and  carried  on  too  by  an  unaided 
and  single-handed  man;  for  he  himself  affirms  that  he  had  no 
mortal  to  alTord  him  the  smallest  assistance." — Lowndes. 

'•It  displays  much  learning  and  vast  reading.  It  dwells  fre- 
quently on  minute  points  of  comparatively  small  importance,  and 
touches  some  other  points  very  lightly.  . .  .  The  doctrines  of  Armi- 
nius  appear  in  it,  but  are  not  offensively  urged;  and  those  who 
cjinnot  afford  to  purchase  many  books,  will  find  in  the  stores  of 
Dr.  Clarke's  Commentary  valuable  assistance  for  the  understanding 
of  the  Bible."— Or /HP's  Bill.  Bib. 

'■  The  literary  world  in  general,  and  biblical  students  in  particn- 
lar,  are  greatly  indebted  to  Dr.  Clarke  for  the  light  he  has  thrown 
on  many  very  difficult  passages." — Hornets  Bihl.  Bib. 

"A  wonderful. monument  of  the  author's  erudition  and  perse- 
vemnco.  . . .  Dr.  Adam  Clarke  has  done  more  to  promote  the  popular 
study  of  the  sacred  books  in  Kngland  than  any  other  man  what- 
ever; and  at  the  same  time  he  ha.s  carefully  applied  them  to  the 
advancement  of  personal  godliness." — Dr.  E.  Wjlli.vus:  Christian 
Preacher. 

"There  is  much  valu.ible  matter  in  it.  Light  is  sometimes  thrown 
on  difficult  passages:  but  he  is  too  fond  of  innovations,  and  justi- 
fying generally  condemned  characters,  and  has  both  eccentric  and 
exceptionable  passages ;  yet  he  often  makes  good  practical  remarks.'* 
— BiCKEBSTETH :  Chri.'itiaji  Student. 

Harmer's  Observations,  with  his  Life;  5th  and  best  ed., 
1816,  4  vols.  Svo,  by  Dr.  A.  Clarke.  Clavis  Biblica,  or  a 
Compendium  of  Biblical  Knowledge,  1820,  Svo.  Memoirs 
of  the  Wesley  Family,  Svo. 

"  To  those  who  have  read  the  Memoir  of  the  Wesley  Family  no 
recommendation  of  ours  will  enhance  its  value.  To  those,  on  the 
contrary,  who  have  that  pleasure  in  reserve,  we  can  promise  an 
exquisite  treat." — Lon.  Wotc/iman. 

Dr.  Clarke,  assisted  by  his  eldest  son,  J.  W.  Clarke,  and 
Mr.  Holbrooke,  laboured  for  some  time  in  the  preparation 
of  a  new  edit,  of  Rymer's  Foedera.  Vol.  i.  and  the  1st 
part  of  v(d.  ii.  {pub.  ISIS)  bear  his  name.  He  did  not  con- 
tinue his  labours  on  this  undertaking.  The  Gospels  Har- 
monized. Arranged  by  Samuel  Dunn,  1836.  Svo.  His  Mis- 
cellaneous Works  were  pub.  in  13  vols.  12mo,  1836,  Ac. 

'"Dr.  Clarke's  Miscellaneous  Works  are  worthy  of  a  place  in  every 
theological  library.  The  four  volumes  of  Sermons  which  they  con- 
tain are  very  valuable.  They  are  argumentative,  evangelical,  and 
impressive.  All  that  Dr.  Clarke  wiote  bears  evident  marks  of  re- 
search and  of  strong  sense." — Dr.  E.  Williams:  Christian  Pi-eacJu-r. 

Memoirs,  ed.  by  J.  B.  B.  Clarke,  1832,  3  vols.  Svo.  See  a 
review  of  this  work  by  Southey,  in  the  Quar.  Rev.,  li.  1 17. 

Clarke,  Alexander.     Theob.g,  treatises,  1763,  79. 

Clarke,  Ahired,  1590-1742.  Fellow  of  Corpus  Christi 
College.  Cambridge,  1718;  Prebendary  of  Exeter,  1731; 
Dean  of  Exeter.  1740.  Serms.,  1726,  "'31,  '37,  '41.  Cha- 
racter of  Queen  Caroline,  173S,  Svo. 

'"IIh  is  s;ud  to  have  spent  the  wholt?  surplus  of  his  annual  income 
in  works  of  hospitality  and  charity." 

Clarke,  Andrew.  A  Tour  in  France,  Italy,  and  Swit- 
zerland in  18-10  and  1S41,  Lon.,  IS4.3,  p.  Svo. 

"The  author's  description  of  manners  or  localities  is  always  ac- 
ceptable: he  never  tells  more  than  the  reader  wishes  to  know."— 
Edin.  Eveni7ig  Cfmrant. 

Clarke,  Anne.     Literary  Patchwork;  or  a  CoUectioa 

of  Prose  and  Verse,  1813,  Svo. 


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CLA 


Clarke,  Anthony,     Public  Accounts,  1782,  4to. 

Clarke,  Sir  Arthur.     Essay  ou  Bathing,  Lon.,  12mo. 

"This  work  will  be  found  to  contain  more  useful  instruction, 
and  more  valuable  practical  remarks  than  any  that  has  appeared 
on  the  subject." — Lon.  Gazette  of  Health. 

Diseases  of  the  Skin,  12mo.  Use  of  Iodine,  Ac,  12mo. 
Manual  for  Preservation  of  Health,  12mo.  Mother's  Medi- 
cal Assistant.  12mo. 

Clarke,  C.  L.     Chancery  Cases,  Rochest.,  18-11,  8vo. 

Clarke,  Charles,     Antiquarian  treatises,  1751-94. 

Clarke,  Charles.     Treatise  on  Gypsum,  1792,  8vo. 

'■With  an  account  of  its  extraordinary  effects  as  a  manure; 
cheap ;  and  more  productive  to  vegetation  than  auy  hitherto  made 
use  of." 

Clarke,  Charles  C.     Hundred  Wonders,  1S18, 12mo. 

Clarke,  Charles  M.  Diseases  of  Females,  1814, 
8vo. 

Clarke,  Cuthbert.  1.  The  True  Theory  and  Prac- 
tice of  Husbandry,  deduced  from  Philosophical  Researches 
and  Experience,  Lon.,  1775,  4to.  2.  Weights  and  Mea- 
sures, Edin.,  17S9,  4to.     See  Donaldson's  Agricult.  Biog. 

For  other  treatises  on  Weights  and  Measures,  see 
Adams.  John  Qtincy;  Alexander,  John  Henry,  Ac. 

Clarke,  Edward,  1730-1786,  educated  at  St.  John's 
College,  Cambridf;e,  Rector  of  Pepperharrow,  Surrey,  1758  ; 
Chaplain  to  the  Embassy  at  Madrid,  1760.  Letters  con- 
cerning the  Spanish  Nation,  Lon.,  1765,  4to.  They  treat 
of  antiquities  and  Spanish  literature.  In  the  Appendix 
will  be  found  a  catalogue  of  the  MSS.  in  the  Library  of 
the  Escurial.  A  Defence  of  General  Johnstone,  1767.  A 
Letter,  1765.  Serm.,  1759,  4to.  Proposals  for  a  folio  ed. 
of  the  Greek  Testament. 

Clarke,  Edward  Daniel,  LL.D.,  17G9-1822,  one  of 
the  most  distinguished  of  modern  travellers,  second  son  of 
the  preceding,  entered  Jesus  College,  Cambridge,  in  1786; 
in  1S05  he  received  the  College  living  of  Harlton.  and  sub- 
sequently the  living  of  Yeldham.  In  1807  his  Lectures  on 
Mineralogy,  delivered  at  Cambridge,  excited  much  atten- 
tion, and  in  the  following  year  the  University  established 
a  Professorship  of  this  science  iu  favour  of  Dr.  Clarke. 
In  1790  he  travelled  with  a  pupil,  a  nephew  of  the  Duke 
of  Dorset,  through  parts  of  Great  Britain  and  Ireland. 
He  pub.  an  account  of  this  tour  in  1793.  8vo.  This  volume 
is  now  rare :  many  copies  having  been  bought  up  by  the 
author,  who  regretted  its  publication. 

*'  It  is  throughout  natural,  eloquent,  characteristic  of  youthful 
ardour  and  spirit,  and  strongly  indicative  of  feelings  which  do 
honour  to  the  goodness  and  humanity  of  his  heart.-'  See  Otter's 
Life  of  Clarke. 

The  Colossal  Statue  of  Ceres  at  Cambridge,  1803,  Svo. 
The  Tomb  of  Alexander  in  the  British  Museum,  Camb., 
1805.  4to;  repub.,  Lou.,  1806,  Svo. 

"Dr.  Clarke  and  his  friends  have  taken  no  ordinary  pains  to 
prove  the  curious  chest  which  is  now  in  the  British  Museum,  to  be 
the  actual  depository  of  the  Macedonian  Hero:  and  they  have 
brought  to;;;ether  a  body  of  materials  which  certainly  does  credit 
to  their  learning." — Lon.  Annual  Review. 

The  Mineral  Kingdom,  Lon.,  1806,  fol.  Letter  to  the 
Gentlemen  of  the  British'  Museum,  1807,  4to.  The  Greek 
Marbles  at  Cambridge,  Camb.,  1809,  Svo.  Letter  to  Her- 
bert Marsh,  D.D.,  Lon.,  1812.  Svo.  Chemical  Con.  to 
Ann.  Philos.,  1816,  '17.  In  1798,  in  company  with  a  pupil, 
Mr.  Cripps,  he  made  the  extensive  tour,  the  description 
of  which  has  conferred  so  much  just  celebrity  on  Dr. 
Clarke's  name.  Their  absence,  which  it  was  intended 
should  not  exceed  six  mouths,  was  prolonged  to  three 
years  and  a  half.  The  travellers  visited  Denmark, 
Sweden.  Lapland,  Finland,  Russia,  Tartary,  Circassia, 
Asia  Minor,  Syria,  Palestine,  Egypt,  and  Greece;  return- 
ing home  from  Constantinople,  across  the  Balkan  moun- 
tains, through  Germany  and  France.  The  medals,  mine- 
rals, plants,  and  MSS.,  collected  during  this  tour,  were 
sold  to  tlie  Bodleian  Library.  Dr.  Clarke's  Travels  in 
Europe,  Asia,  and  Africa,  <fcc.,  were  published  :  Vol.  i., 
1810;  ii.,  1812;  iii.,  1814;  iv.,1816;  v.,  1819  ;  vi.,  (posth.) 
1823,  4to;  also  in  11  vols.  Svo,  1816-24.  These  charming 
and  instructive  volumes  not  only  claim  a  place  in  the  first 
rank  of  travels  by  Englishmen,  but  the  first  place  in  the 
first  rank.  We  shall  adduce  some  valuable  testimonies  to 
their  merits  : 

"  You  have  seen  and  described  more  of  the  East  than  any  of 
your  predecessors, — I  need  not  say  how  ably  and  successfully. 
Will  you  accept  my  very  sincere  congratulations  on  your  second 
volume,  wherein  I  have  retraced  some  of  my  old  paths,  adorned 
by  you  so  beautifully,  that  they  afford  me  double  delight?  How 
much  you  have  traversed!  I  must  resume  my  seven-lea-^ued 
boots  and  journey  to  P.alestine,  which  your  description  mortifies 
me  not  to  have  seen  more  than  ever.  I  still  sigh  for  the  ^gean. 
Shall  you  not  always  love  its  bluest  of  all  waves  and  brightest  of 
all  skies?  You  have  awakened  all  the  gipsy  in  me.  I  long  to  be 
restless  again,  and  wandering;  see  what  mischief  you  do;  you 


won't  allow  gentlemen  to  settle  quietly  at  home.  I  will  not  wish 
you  success  and  fame,  for  you  have  both;  but  all  the  happiness 
which  even  these  cannot  always  give." — Letter  from  Lord  Byron  to 
Dr.  Clarke. 

"  We  willingly  pass  over  a  host  of  minor,  and  even  respectable, 
travellers  to  journey  iu  company  with  Dr.  Clarke,  whose  strong 
powers  of  observation,  and  eloquent  and  animated  pictures,  both 
of  art  and  nature,  have  raised  him  to  so  high  a  rank,  among 
modern  travellers.  His  profound  skill  in  antiquities  peculiarly 
qualified  him  for  exploring  the  regions  he  principally  traversed." 
— Alurray^s  History  of  Discoveries. 

"There  is  no  department  of  inquiry  or  observation  to  which 
Dr.  C.  did  not  direct  his  attention  during  his  travel:  in  all  he 
gives  much  information  in  a  pleasant  style:  and  to  all  he  evidently 
brought  much  judgment,  talent,  and  preparatory  knowledge." — 
Stevenson^s  Discovery,  A'avigatiim,  and  Onnmerce. 

"  The  splendour  and  celebrity  of  all  travels  performed  by  Eng- 
lishmen have  been  exceeded  hy  those  of  the  late  and  deeply  la- 
mented Dr.  Edward  Clarke.  Few  travellers  have  attained  so  large 
and  so  general  a  reputation.  His  style  is  easy  and  perspicuous: 
his  facts  are  striking,  interesting,  and  instructive:  his  matter, 
while  it  is  highly  to  the  best  interests  of  science,  displays  the  keen 
and  penetrating  observation,  the  hardy  enterprise,  and  the  invin- 
cible perseverance  of  the  author.  That  Dr.  Clarke  will  live,  in  the 
purest  sense  of  the  word,  cannot  be  doubted  for  au  instant:  his 
name  will  be  held  in  more  than  ordinary  estimation  by  a  grateful 
posterity.  Upon  the  whole,  if  Humboldt  be  the  first,  Clarke  is 
the  second,  traveller  of  his  age."— />r.  Ihbdin's  Library  Companion. 

'*  Few  travellers  can  be  compared  with  Dr.  Clarke,  whether  wo 
consider  the  number  of  countries  which  he  visited,  the  extentand 
variety  of  his  researches,  or  the  diligence  and  success  with  which 
he  applied  himself  to  collect  materials,  illustrations  of  natural 
philosophy,  antiquities,  and  the  fine  arts." — Museum  Criticum, 
Oiinhridge. 

"  He  has  a  power  of  selecting  object.';,  and  raciness  in  describing 
them,  almost  unparalleled.  Few  men  have  seen  so  much  as  this 
lively  and  interesting  traveller,  and  still  fewer  have  so  well  de- 
scribed what  they  have  seen."' — Lon.  Quarterly  Heview. 

*'  On  all  the  topics  which  interest  a  traveller.  Dr.  Clarke's  infor- 
mation is  important  and  extensive;  and  we  accordingly  find  in 
these  volumes  a  vast  body  of  matter  exceedingly  valuable  for  rec- 
tifying the  errors  of  other  writers,  and  for  increasing  our  know- 
ledge of  countries  aspiring  to  the  first  rank  among  European  na- 
tions."— Edin.  Bevieu'. 

"  No  man  has  surveyed  the  world  with  the  advantages  of  more 
various  learning,  or  has  communicated  to  the  public  the  results  of 
his  remarks  on  mankind,  in  a  style  more  distinguished  for  clear- 
ness, elegance,  and  facility,  than  the  learned  and  intelligent  author 
of  these  matchless  volumes." — L071.  Ectfctic  Revitvj, 

"  The  accomplished  and  famed  traveller  of  Cambridge.  He  is  a 
most  favourable  specimen  of  English  travellers,  and  does  honour 
to  the  great  Vniversity  of  which  he  was  such  a  distinguished  or- 
nament."— BlacJcwood''s  Muyazine. 

Let  no  fireside  circle  complain  of  ''dull  winter  even- 
ings" until  they  have  exhausted  the  volumes  which  con- 
tain Dr.  Clarke's  fascinating  descriptions  of  his  peregri- 
nations. The  4to  ed.,  pub.  at  £27  2s.,  can  now  be  had  for 
£6  to  £8;  and  the  Svo  ed.,  pub.  at  £10,  for  about  three 
guineas.  Let  there  be  added  the  Life  and  Remains  of 
Dr.  Clarke,  by  his  friend,  Mr.  Otter,  Lon.,  1824,  4to. 

Clarke,  Edward  Goodman,  M.D.  The  Modern 
Practice  of  Physic.  Lon.,  1805,  Svo. 

"This  volume  may  be  recommended  to  the  student  as  contain- 
ing the  best  compendium  of  modern  improvement  in  medicine 
and  therapeutics  which  we  have  had  occasion  to  peruse." — Lon. 
Critical  Review. 

''  We  earnestly  recommend  this  work  as  deserving  of  the  atten- 
tion, particularly,  of  the  junior  branches  of  the  profession ;  as  it 
is  written  in  an  able  and  scientific  manner." — Lon.  Med.  Journal. 

The  New  London  Practice  of  Physic ;  7th  ed.,  Lon., 
1811,  Svo.     Other  profess,  treatises,  1799,  ISIO. 

Clarke,  Edmund  William.  Serms.,  Lon.,  1835, Svo. 

Clarke,  Francis.     See  Clerke. 

Clarke,  Francis  F.     Serms.,  Lon.,  1839,  Svo. 

Clarke,  Francis  L.  1.  Geography.  2.  Wellington, 
1810,  '12. 

Clarke,  Geo,    The  Landed  Man's  Assist.  1715,  12mo. 

Clarke,  George.    Theolog.  treatises,  1789,lS00,12mo. 

Clarke,  George  Somers,  D.D.  Trans,  of  CEdipus, 
Lon.,  1791,  Svo.  Verses,  179:^,  4to.  Serms.,  1808.  He- 
brew Criticism  and  Poetry,  1810,  Svo. 

Clarke,  H,  J.     Two  Serms.,  Lon.,  1851,  Svo. 

Clarke,  Henry,  1745-1818,  a  mathematician,  Profes. 
R.  Military  Cull,  at  Marlow.  The  Summation  of  Series, 
trans,  from  the  Latin,  Lon.,  1780,  4to.  Practical  Perspect- 
ive, 1776.  Virgil  Revindicated,  being  a  reply  to  Bishop 
Horslcy.  1809.  4to.     Other  publicjitions. 

Clarke,  Henry.  Angels,  a  Poem,  Lon.,  1848, 12mo. 
Poems  on  the  Church,  itc,  Lon.,  1842,  12mo. 

"They  fully  merit  the  riniiiiiriKbitinn  which  we  remember  to 
have  seen  bestowed  by  the  Uriti>h  Criti.-on  a  previous  volume." — 
JCnyliiihman's  Mug.;  and  see  t'lnistian  Remembrancer. 

Clarke,  Hewson.  Saunterer,  1806,  2  vols.  12mo. 
Art  of  Pleasing,  1807,  Svo.    Campaign  in  Russia,  1813,  Svo. 

Clarke,  Hyde,  has  pub.  several  works,  and  contri- 
buted the  Statistical  Information  to  1850,  in  Porter  and 
Long's  Geography  of  England  and  Wales. 


CLA, 

"We  cannot,  speak  too  highly  of  the  statistical  portion,  whifh 
contains  a  complete  view,  in  a  condensed  form,  of  the  whole  body 
of  statistirs  relating  tn  Enj^Iand  and  Wales,  brought  down  to  the 
present  time." — Civil  Engtnctrs  Journal. 

See  Porter,  G.  R. 

Clarke,  J.,  M.D.  Seder  01am;  or  the  Order  of  Ages. 
From  the  Latin,  Lou.,  1696,  8vo. 

Clarke^  J-     Clerk's  Assistant,  Lon.,  1783,  12mo. 

Clarke,  J.  B.  B.,  son  of  Dr.  Adam  Clarke.  Concise 
View  of  the  Succession  of  Sacred  Literature,  vol.  ii.,  Lon., 
1832,  8vo.  Memoirs  of  Adam  Clarke,  Ac. :  see  Adam 
Clarke.     Serms.,  1S33,  8vo. 

*■  They  evince  an  earnestness  of  appeal,  grounded  upon  solid 
argument,  and  urged  with  considerable  animation." — Lon.  Otris- 
tian  liememhrancer. 

Clarke,  J.  H.  Effects  of  Landscape  Scenery,  1812: 
pub.  at  £5  5». 

Clarke,  J.  W.     See  Clarke,  Aham. 

Clarke,  James.     Topograph,  works,  1787,  '93. 

Clarke,  James.  Puhlications  on  Politics,  Political 
Economy,  and  Religion,  1809,  ']1. 

Clarke,  James  Edward.  Dissert,  on  the  Dragon, 
Beast,  and  False  Prophet  of  the  Apocalypse,  Lon., 1814, 8vo. 

*'  We  caunot  agree  with  the  author  in  many  of  his  explanations: 
yet  we  have  read  his  work  with  some  degree  of  satisfaction,  and 
think  he  has  succeeded  in  throwing  additinnal  li^ht  on  some  of 
the  obscure  subjects  which  he  undertakes  to  illustrate." — Lon. 
EdfCtic  Review. 

Clarke,  James  Freeman,  a  native  of  Boston.  Mass., 
a  minister  of  the  gospel,  fci-merly  editor  of  The  Western 
Messenger,  pub.  in  1846  a  Poem  delivered  before  the  Phi 
Beta  Kappa  Society.  See  some  of  his  minor  poems  in 
Griswold's  Poets  and  Poetry  of  America. 

Clarke,  James  Stanier,  d.  1834,  brother  of  Dr. 
Edward  Daniel  Clarke,  the  celebrated  traveller,  was  Do- 
mestic Chaplain  and  Librarian  to  George  IV.,  Vioar  of 
Preston,  Rector  of  Coombs,  and  Canon  of  Wimlsor. 
Naval  Serms.,  Lon.,  1798,  8vo.  The  Progress  of  Maritime 
Discovery,  vol.  i. ;  all  pub.  1803,  4to.  This  work  was  left 
incomplete,  but  it  is  well  worth  purchasing  were  it  only 
for  its  analytical  Catalogue  of  Voyages  and  Travels  in  all 
languages.  An  ed.  of  Falconer's  Shipwreck.  1804,  8vo. 
Naufragia,  1805,  2  vols.  12mo,  In  conjunction  with  Dr. 
McArthur,  The  Life  of  Lord  Nelson,  1809,  2  vols.  4toj 
Abridgt.,  1810,  8vo. 

"Every  Englishman  ought  to  possess  this  interesting  and  im- 
portant biography,  forming  a  complete  naval  history  of  the  last 
half  century." 

Serm.,  1811.  An  ed.  of  Lord  Clarendon's  Essays,  1815, 
2  vols.  12mo.  The  Life  of  James  II. :  pub.  from  the  ori- 
ginal Stuart  MSS.,  1816,  2  vols.  4to. 

"From  such  a  treasure  as  tliis  .luuinal  [James  IT.'s  MSS.]  it  isa 
matter  to  be  lamented,  and  imli'id  lit-servinf;  of  extreme  surprise, 
that  such  a  historian  as  Iluim-  did  im  more  than  produce  a  sint^le 
extract."— J°/vj/.  Smyth's  Led.  en  M<d.  Hi.^t. 

The  Naval  Chronicle  originated  with  Mr.  Clarke. 

Clarke,  Jeremiah,  d.  1707.  a  composer  of  Church 
Music,  tfec.  Some  of  his  songs  will  be  found  in  The  Pills 
to  Purge  Melancholy.  He  pub.  Lessons  for  the  Harpsi- 
chord. "  I  will  love  thee,"  in  the  2d  book  of  the  Harmonia 
Sacra,  "Bow  down  thine  Ear,"  and  "Prnise  the  Lord,  0 
Jerusalem."  are  Clarke's  compositions.  To  these  must  be 
added  '*  The  Bonny  grey-ey'd  Morn,"  in  the  Beggar's 
Opera.     It  was  composed  fur  D'Urfey's  "Fond  Husband." 

Clarke,  John.    Trumpet  of  Apollo,  Lon.,  1602.  12mo. 

Clarke,  John,  of  Fiskerton.  Transitionum  Rhetori- 
carum  Fumiulrc.  Lon.,  ltJ2S,  8vo. 

Clarke,  John.  Holy  Oyle  for  the  Lampcs  of  the 
Sancturie,  ir.30,  4to. 

"  For  the  use  and  benefit  of  such  as  desire  to  spcake  the  lan- 
guage of  Canaan ;  more  especially  the  souues  of  the  Prophets,  who 
would  attaiue  elegaucie  and  suhlimity  of  expressions." 

Serm,,  1646,  4to.  Treatise  about  the  Comfort  of  God's 
Children,  1670,  8vo. 

Clarke,  John.  The  Plotters  Unmasked;  or.  Murder- 
ers no  Saints,  1661.  4to. 

Clarke,  John,  1650-1721.  The  Humours  of  Harle- 
quin, a  series  of  12  plates. 

Clarke,  John,  D.D.,  d.  1759,  Dean  of  Sarum.  Trans, 
of  Rohault's  Physics,  2  vols.  8vo,  into  English.  Notes  in 
Wollaston's  Religion  of  Nature.  Newton's  Principles  of 
Nat.  Philoa.,  Lon.,  1730,  8vo.  Cause  and  Origin  of  Evil, 
vol.  i. ;  8  serms.  at  Boyle's  Lecture,  1719,  '20,  8vo  ;  vol.  ii. ; 
8  serms.  at  Boyle's  Lecture,  1720,  '21.  8vo.  Serm.,  17.12, 
8vo,  Trans,  of  Grotius  on  the  Truth  of  the  Christian  Re- 
ligion, with  Le  Clerc's  Notes;  new  ed.,  1814,  Svo. 

"An  excellent  manual;  clear,  forcible,  and  easy.  So  common 
that  almost  everybody  has  it.  and  so  excellent  that  nobody  ought 
to  be  without  it." — Bishop  Watson. 

Clarke,  John.     Medical  treatises^  Lod.,  1751,  '58,  '93; 


CLA 

1815.  Med.  Trans.,  1815.  Trans.  Med.  and  Chir.,  1793, 
1800.     Phil.  Trans.,  1793. 

Clarke,  John,  Lieut,  of  Marines.  Military  Institu- 
tions of  Vegetius;  trans,  from  the  Latin,  Lon.,  1767,  8vo. 
An  impartial  and  authentic  Narrative  of  the  Battle  of 
Bunker's  Hill,  Lon.,  1775,  Svo. 

*' Differs,  in  several  respects,  from  the  Gazette  account.  Time 
will  shew  whether  General  Gage  or  Lieutenant  Clarke  will  be  ac- 
counted the  better  authority." — Lon.  Monthly  RtvUu>,  liii.  205. 

The  collector  of  books  upon  American  History  should 
procure  Lieut.  Clarke's  Narrative. 

Clarke,  John.     Serm.,  1803,  4to. 

Clarke,  John.  Illustrations  of  the  Morning  Service 
of  the  Church  of  England,  1804,  12mo. 

Clarke,  John,  D.D.,  1755-1798,  a  minister  of  Boston, 
Mass.     Serms..  .tc,  1784-1804. 

Clarke,  John.     Serms.,  Ac,  1808,  '12. 

Clarke,  John.  Bibliotheca  Legum  :  Complete  Cata- 
logue of  the  Common  and  Statute  Books  of  the  United 
Kingdom;  new  edit.,  1819,  Lon.,  18mo.  This  excellent 
catalogue — most  elaborately  arranged  according  to  sub- 
jects, yet  rendered  easy  of  consultation  by  a  general  in- 
dex— should  be  in  every  public  library  and  on  every  law- 
yer's table.  We  refer  below  to  several  works  of  a  similar 
character.  A  comprehensive  Bibliotheca  Legum  is  still 
a  dfsidcratmn.  The  profession  will  see  that  we  have  not 
entirely  neglected  so  important  a  subject. 

See  "Bridgman,  Rd.  W.  ;  Brooke,  Edward;  Hoffmax, 
David;  Marvin,  J.  G. j  "Worrall,  John. 

Clarke,  John.  An  Inquiry  into  the  nature  and  value 
of  Lauded  and  Household  Property,  Ac,  Lon.,  180&,  Svo. 
We  have  no  doubt  that  this  work  should  be  attributed  to 
John  Cliirk,  the  author  of  the  Caledonian  Bards,  Ac.  We 
have,  therefore,  placed  it  under  his  name,  also,  and  sup- 
plied the  abiive  date. 

Clarke,  John.     Sixteen  Serms.,  Camb.,  1829,  Svo. 

Clarke,  John  L,  A  Rule  how  to  bring  up  Children, 
Lon.,  158S,  Svo.  This  work  is  based  upon  the  Bible;  the 
only  competent  "rule"  for  men,  women,  and  children. 

Clarke,  Jos.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1691. 

Clarke,  Joseph.     Thculog.  treatises,  Lon.,  1746, '49. 

Clarke,  Joseph,  M.D.  Profess,  con.  to  Med.  Com., 
1790;   Phil.  Trans.,  1786,-  Trans.  Irish  Acad.,  1788. 

Clarke,  L.     History  of  the  Bible,  1737,  2  vols.  4to. 

Clarke,  L.     Letter  to  Henry  Brougham,  1818,  Svo. 

Clarke,  M.  A.,  M.D.  Management  of  Children,  from 
the  Time  of  Birth  to  the  Age  of  Seven  Years,  Lon.,  1773,  Svo, 

Clarke,  M'Donald,  1798-1842,  known  for  many 
years  in  N.Y.  as  The  Mad  Poet.  We  are  indebted  to  Duyc- 
kincks'  Cyclopedia  for  the  following  li^t  of  his  publications," 

1.  Review  of  The  Eve  of  Eternity,  and  ..ther  Poems,  1820. 

2.  The  Elixirof  Moonshine;  beingac-^Uection  of  Prosoand 
Poetry,  by  the  Mad  Poet,  1822.  3.'Thc  Gossip;  or,  A  Laugh 
with  the  Ladies,  a  Grin  with  the  Gentlemen,  Ac,  1825. 
4.  Sketches,  1826.  5.  Afara;  or.  The  Belles  of  Broadway, 
2  Series.   6.  Poems,  1836.    7.  A  Cross  and  a  Coronet,  1841, 

Clarke,  Mary  Ann.  The  Rival  Princes,  1810,  2  vols. 
Svo.  Letter  to  Rt.  Hon.  W.  Fitzgerald,  1813,  Svo.  Mrs. 
Clarke  received  £10,000  and  an  annuity  of  £600  for  sup- 
pressing an  edition  of  10.000  copies  of  another  work.  See 
Timperley's  Encyclopaedia  of  Literary  and  Typographical 
Anecdote.  Lon.,  1839.  r.  Svo. 

Clarke,  Mary  Cowden,  an  English  lady,  for  some 
years  past  resident  at  Nice,  has  distinguished  herself  for 
all  future  time  by  the  successfid  execution  of  one  of  the 
happiest  literary  projects  which  ever  entered  into  the  ima- 
gination of  man  or  woman.  That  laborious  index-maker, 
Samuel  Ayscough,  had  pub.  in  17U0  a  Copious  Index  to  the 
Remarkable  Passages  and  Words  made  use  of  by  Shaks- 
peaie ;  reprinted,  Dublin,  1791,  and  Lon.,  1827,  Svo. 
Francis  Twiss  also  gave  to  the  world  in  1805-07,  2  vols. 
Svo,  a  Complete  Verbal  Index  to  the  Plays  of  Shakspeare. 
But  these  works,  which  had  cost  the  authors  such  an  outlay 
of  time  and  toil,  were  very  incomplete,  and  perhaps  more 
frequently  productive  of  headaches  and  new  instances  of 
the  "  pursuit  of  knowledge  under  difficulties,"  than  suc- 
cessful explorations.  Now,  it  occurred  to  Mrs.  Clarke  that 
a  Complete  Concordance  to  the  Dramatic  Works  of  Shaks- 
peare would  bo  invaluable  to  the  literary  world,  and  would 
enter  into  a  companionship  with  the  great  bard  as  close 
and  enduring  as  that  which  subsists  between  Coke  and 
Littleton.  Or  if  Mrs.  Clarke  did  not  exactly  think  all 
this,  we  may  be  allowed  to  think  it  for  her.  To  this  vmg- 
nnm  opus,  pub.  in  1846,  she  devoted  the  untiring  labour 
of  sixteen  years,  twelve  in  the  preparation  of  the  MS.  and 
four  more  in  guiding  it  through  the  press.  The  length  of 
time  employed  will  not  seem  extravagant,  when  we  con- 


CLA' 

Bider  tlint  the  2578  colnnins  which  compose  the  work  con- 
tain about  ^^09,000  Hues,  each  one  of  which  required,  both 
in  MS.  anrl  print,  a  rigid  scrutiny.  How  faithfully  this 
duty  was  discharged,  may  be  judged  from  the  fact,  that 
the  table  of  errata  contains  but  thirteen  lines;  all  of  which 
are  omissions  merely:  as  to  errors,  we  have  no  evidence 
of  their  existence.  The  reader  will  feel  a  great  curiosity 
to  know  the  modus  ojierandi  adopted  in  such  an  Herculean 
undertaking : 

"  We  had  been  erroneously  informed  that  each  line  of  the  Con- 
cordance was  written  on  a  separate  slip  of  paper,  and  put  into 
baskets  alphabetically  arranged.  Had  this  been  so,  we  opine  it 
would  have  required  buck-baskets  as  large  as  that  into  which  fat 
Jack  was  so  unceremoniously  thrust,  and  a  room  to  hold  them  as 
capacious  as  fSt,  (Jeorge's  Hall,  in  Windsor  Castle.  Far  different 
and  more  ingenious  was  the  mode  pursued." — H.  Balmanno;  see 
A  Testimonial  to  Mrs.  Mary  Cowden  Clarke,  New  York,  lSo2,  pri- 
vately piinted  for  subscribers  only. 

We  trust  that  we  shall  not  be  blamed  if  we  gratify  a 
laudable  curiosity,  by  an  extract  from  a  letter  from  Mrs. 
Clarke  to  the  author  of  this  Dictionary,  in  which  the  grand 
secret  is  disclosed : 

"The  method  I  pursued  was  this: — I  had  a  wide-backed  port- 
folio for  each  letter  of  the  Alphabet,  (in  some  instances — as  S,  for 
example — it  required  two  portfolios.)  I  took  afresh  sheet  of  paper 
for  each  word  I  inscribed.  I  worked  straight  throuj.'h  two  pages 
of  Phakesptjai-eas  they  lay  open  before  me,  letter  Ity  letter,  thus: — ■ 
suppose  the  top  line  of  the  pajic  was  *■  Angrls  are  tiri;i;ht  still, 
thou^-h  the  brightest  fell :'  I  entered  the  word  '  Anjiel'  under  its 
properhead.andall  the  succeeding  words  beginning  with  A  through 
the  two  pages;  then  'fell,'  and  so  on,  till  the  whole  of  the  two 
pages  Were  gone  through;  and  then  on  to  two  more.  At  the  end 
of  each  play,  I  collected  all  ih^  fdled  pages  of  the  MS.,  that  my 
portfolio  might  be  as  little  loaded  as  need  be;  but  even  with  this 
precaution,  the  bulb  in  use  was  very  large.  However,  although 
the  bulk  may  be  increased  by  using  a  fi-.'sh  sheet  for  each  word, 
yet  I  think  the  advantage  of  clearness  tlius  olit.iined  quite  coun- 
terbalances the  inconvenience,  &c." — D--ri:h<.s(i:r  Terrace,  Bays- 
vjater,  March  25,  1852. 

So  admirably  simple  and  ingenious  was  the  path  which 
led  the  adventurer  safely  through  this  wJlileniess  of  words. 
Every  one  who  has  a  Shakspkaue — as  ''who  hath  not, 
that  hath"  a  book  at  all — should  immediately  procure  Mrs. 
Clarke's  invaluable  Con'cordanck.  Let  tho  reader  add  to 
this  volume  Mrs.  Clarke's  Girlhood  of  Shakspere's  Hero- 
ines; Shakspere  Proverbs;  Kit  Bam's  Adventures,  and 
The  Iron  Cousin,  or  Mutual  Influence. 

'•Mis.  Cowden  Clarke,  whose  Concordance  of  Shakspeare  shows 
such  ma&tery  of  the  letter  of  the  poet's  works,  now  evince.s  her 
appreciation  of  their  Rpirit  in  a  series  of  fictions  entitled  The 
Girllicod  of  Shakspcare's  Heroines." — Dichens^s  Household  Narra- 
tives. 

World-Noted  Woman ;  or,  Types  of  Particular  Womanly 
Attributes  of  All  Lands  and  Ages  Illustrated,  N.Y.,  1858, 
Svo.  This  elaborate  volume  was  prepared  by  Mrs.  Clarke 
at  the  suggestion  of  the  Messrs.  Api)lcton,  the  well-known 
publishers  of  New  York.  Mrs.  Clarke  has  also  trans,  from 
the  French  Catel's  Treatise  on  Harmony,  and  Cherubiui's 
Treatise  on  Counterpoint  and  Fugue. 

Clarke,  Matthew,  li504-172t>,  a.  Dissenting  minister 
in  London.     .Serins..  17IK  '21,  '23,  '27. 

Clarke,  Matthew  St,  Clair,  an.l  D,  A,  Hall.  His- 
tory of  the  Bank  of  the  United  States.  Washington,  1S32, 
Svo,  pp.  80S.  See  North  American  Review,  July.  1832. 
Cases  of  Contested  Elections  in  Congress,  from  17S9  to 
1834,  inclusive,  Washington,  Svo.  M.  St.  C.  C.  and  Peter 
Force:  Documentary  History  of  the  American  Revolution, 
Washington,  1S38,  fob;  pp.  943.  This  voL  extends  from 
March  1,  1774,  to  May  2,  1775. 

'•It  includes  all  the  debates  in  the  English  House  of  Lords  and 
in  the  Commons.  ...  It  is  a  documentary  history  such  as  never 
before  existed,  when  the  greatest  minds  of  the  age  were  brought 
into  collision,  and  met  to  discuss  the  doctrines  and  the  riiihts 
which  were  effecting  a  change  in  the  destiny  of  the  race." — North 
American  Review,  AjtriJ,  1S38;  q.v.    See  Force,  Peter. 

Clarke,  Reuben.     Serms.,  Lon..  1767,  '95,  Svo. 

Clarke,  Richard,  an  English  divine,  was  some  time 
Rector  of  St.  Philip's  Church,  Charleston.  S.  Carolina.  He 
returned  to  England  in  1759,  and  in  1768  was  curate  of 
Cheshunt  in  Hertfordshire.     Theolog.  treatises,  1759-95. 

Clarke,  Richard,  M.D.  Plan  for  increasing  Naval 
Force  of  Great  Britain,  Lon.,  1795,  Svo.  Medical  Stric- 
tures, 1799,  8vo. 

Clarke,  Rev.  Robert.  Med.  Ac.  eon.  to  Phil.  Trans., 
1697,  1748. 

Clarke,  Robert.     Con.  to  Med.  Tracts,  1795. 

Clarke,  Saiimel,  15'.)9-16S2.  a  native  of  Worlston, 
Warwickshire,  educated  at  Emanuel  C^dlege,  Minister  of 
St.  Bennet  Fink,  ejected,  1062,  pub.  several  valuable  theo- 
logical works.  The  Saint's  Nosegay,  Lon.,  1642,  12mo. 
A  Looking  Glass  for  Saints  and  Sinners,  and  Lives  of 
Persons  eminent  for  Piety,  1646,  12mo;  1672,  fol. ;  vol.ii., 
1673,  foL 


OLA 

"  lie  must  have  turned  over  a  prodigious  number  of  volumes  to 
accumulate  such  a  mass  of  anecdote." 

Marrow  of  Ecclesiastical  History,  1650,  2  vols.  4to;  best 
ed.,  1675,  fol.  Lives  of  Sundry  Eminent  Persons  in  this 
Latter  Age.  1683,  fol. 

*'  Various  particulars  of  the  lives  of  eminent  men,  not  now  to 
be  found  elsewhere." — EicKERSTKTn. 

General  Martyrology,  1651,  fol.;  the  same,  with  the 
Lives  of  32  EngHsh  Divines,  1652,  fol.;  with  addits.,  1677, 
fol.  The  Marrow  of  Divinity.  1650,  fol.  New  Descrip- 
tion of  tho  World,  1689.  ful.     Other  works. 

"The  value  of  most  of  his  lives  is,  that  they  are  taken  from 
scarce  volumes  and  tracts,  which  it  would  now  be  extremely  diffi- 
cult, as  well  as  expensive,  to  procure." 

Clarke,  Samuel,  1623-1669,  an  eminent  Oriental 
scholar,  a  native  of  Brackley,  Northamptonshire,  entered 
of  Merton  College,  Oxford,  1638.  assisted  Walton  in  his 
Polyglot  Bible.  Varise  Lectiones  et  Observationes  iu 
Chaldaicam  Paraphrnsim. — i^olyj.  BibL,  vol.  vi.  Scien- 
tia  Metriea  et  Rhythmica.  Oxon..  1661,  Svo.  Beracoth, 
1667,  Svo.  See  a  descripti^m  of  his  works,  printed  and 
in  MS.,  in  Athen.  Oxon.     Wuod  tells  us  that  he  was 

'•  Ilight  famous  fi^r  Orieutal  learning." 

Clarke,  Saninel,  1626-1700-01,  son  of  Samuel 
Clarke  the  Martyrologiat,  was  educated  at  Pembroke  Hall, 
Cambridge.  The  Old  and  New  Testament,  with  Annota- 
tions and  Scriptural  Passages,  Lon.,  1690,  Svo;  1735,  '60, 
fol.;  Glasg.,  1765,  fol.  This  commentary  was  the  princi- 
pal employment  of  his  life. 

'■  This  work  is  recommended  by  Owen,  Bates,  Baxter,  and  Howe. 
Except  the  parallel  Scriptures,  however,  it  does  not  appear  to  me 
to  possess  great  value,  or  to  contain  much  original  composition. 
It  is  generally  very  judicious,  and  is  recommended  by  the  Uishop 
of  Chester."— 0?-?H<''.>t  Bibl.  Bib. 

"The  selection  of  parallel  texts  is  admirable;  and  the  notes, 
though  very  brief,  are  written  with  great  judgment." — Uurne's 
Bibl.  Bib. 

"  The  notes  are  very  short,  sometimes  only  a  single  sentence,  but 
generally  excellent.  Dr.  Doddridge  made  it  his  commonplace 
book." — Bichersieth''s  Christian  .Stmh'y/t. 

It  is  also  highly  recommended  by  Bishop  Cleaver,  Dr. 
Calamy,  and  others. 

'•It  has  been  an  excellent  fund  for  .some  modern  commentators, 
who  have  republished  a  great  part  of  it.  with  very  little  alteration." 

Abridgt.  of  tho  Hist,  Part  of  the  0.  and  N.  Testaments, 
1690,  Svo.     Survey  of  the  Bible,  1693,  4to. 

"A  useful  analysis  of  each  chapter." — Bicker  stHh's  Chris.  Stitdent 

Serm..  1693,  4to.  Brief  Concordance  of  the  Holy  Scrip- 
tures, 1606,  12mo.     A  Discourse  of  Justification,  1698,  4to. 

Clarke,  Samuel,  D.D.,  1675-1729,  one  of  the  most 
celebrated  of  English  philosophers  and  divines,  was  a  na- 
tive of  Norwich,  where  his  father,  Edward  Clarke,  was  an 
alderman.  He  entered  Caius  College.  Cambridge,  in  1691 ; 
Chaplain  to  Dr.  Moore,  Bishop  of  Norwich.  1698,  who  gave 
hitu  the  rectory  of  Drayton  ;  Rector  of  St.  Bennet's,  PauTa 
Wharf.  London,  1706  ;  Rector  of  St.  James's,  Westminster, 
1709.  When  only  twenty  years  of  age  he  distinguished 
I  himself  by  a  successful  effort  to  substitute  the  Newtonian 
for  the  Cartesian  philosophy,  which  still  prevailed  at  Cam- 
bridge. The  physics  of  Rohault,  *'a  work  entirely  Car- 
tesian," was  the  Cambridge  text-book.  The  Latinity  of 
this  work  was  very  defective,  and  this  fact  gave  Clarke  an 
opportunity  to  supplant  its  principles  under  the  cloak  of  a 
better  translation,  and  supplementary  notes. 

"A  new  and  more  elegant  translation  was  published  by  Dr. 
[then  Mr.]  Samuel  Clarke,  with  the  .addition  of  notes,  in  which 
that  profound  and  ingenious  writer  explained  the  views  of  Newton 
on  the  piincipal  subjects  of  di-scussion,  so  that  the  notes  contained 
virtually  a  refutation  of  the  text:  they  did  so,  however,  only  vir- 
tually: all  appearance  of  argument  and  controversy  being  care- 
fully avoided.  Whether  this  escaped  the  notice  of  the  learned 
doctors  or  not,  is  uncertain;  but  the  new  translation,  from  its 
better  Latinity.  .  .  .  was  readily  admitted  to  all  the  academical 
honours  which  the  old  one  had  enjoyed.  Thus  the  stratagem  of 
Dr.  Clarke  completely  succeeded ;  the  tutor  might  prelect  from  the 
text,  but  the  pupil  would  sometiniea  look  into  the  notes;  and 
error  is  never  so  sure  uf  being  exposed  aa  when  the  truth  is  placed 
I  close  to  it,  side  by  side,  without  any  thing  to  alarm  prejudice  or 
I  awaken  from  its  lethargy  the  dread  ufinnuvat  ion."— Prof.  Playfair. 
I  "This  certainly  was  a  more  prudent  method  of  introducing 
I  truth  unknown  before,  than  to  attempt  to  throw  aside  this  treatise 
'  entirelv  and  write  a  new  one  inste.id  of  it.  The  success  answered 
exceedingly  well  to  his  hopes;  and  he  may  justly  be  styled  a  great 
benefactor  to  the  university  in  this  attempt.  For  by  this  means 
the  true  philosophy  has.  without  any  noise,  prevailed ;  and  to  this 
day  the  translation  of  Rohault  is,  geuerally  speaking,  the  stand- 
ing text  for  lectures,  and  his  notes  the  first  dh-ection  to  those  who 
are  willing  to  receive  the  truth  of  things,  in  the  place  of  invention 
and  romance."' — Bishop  Hoaply. 

Of  this  translation  there  have  been  four  editions ;  the 
last  and  best,  in  1718.  8vo.  A  translation  of  Rohault  into 
English,  with  Dr.  Samuel  Clarke's  Notes,  was  made  by 
the  brother  of  the  latter,  Dr.  John  Clarke,  Dean  of  Sarum, 
Lon.,  1710.  2  vols.  8vo. 

Our  author,  having  chosen  divinity  as  his  profession,  ap- 


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plied  himself  with  much  zeal  to  theological  learning,  in  ' 
which  lie  made  great  att:unments.  Three  Practical  Es-  j 
gays  on  Baptism.  Confirmation,  and  Repentance,  1699,  8vo. 

"Mr.  Whiston  esteems  these  Essays  the  most  serious  treatises 
Dr.  Clarke  ever  wrote,  and  which,  with  a  little  correction,  will 
Btill  be  very  useful  in  all  Christiau  families." — Biot/.  Brit. 

But  (indi  alttrain  partem  : 

'■The>;..'  pubIi.-ations  trave  little  promise  of  Clarke's  subsequent 
perftiruKinces.  They  are  destitute  of  orJ<:;inaUty  and  acuteness; 
nor  is  there  any  thing  in  the  style  to  compensate  for  medioL-rity 
of  thouL'lit  and  illustration." — Cu7}7ungfia>iis  Bug.  Hist,  of  Eng. 

Reflections  on  Amyntor,  1(199.  Paraphrases  upon  the 
Gospclof  St.  Matthew,  1701;  St.  Mark  and  St.  Luke,  1702; 
St.  John  :  often  reprinted  under  the  title  of  A  Paraphrase 
on  the  Four  Evangelists,  2  vols.  8vo. 

"  Dr.  Clarke's   Paraphrase  deserves  an  attentive   reading :  he 
narrates  a  story  in  handsome  laniruage,  and  connects  the  parts  well  ' 
to;z:etber;  but  fiails  much  in  emphasis,  and  seems  to  mistake  the 
order  of  the  histories." — Dr.  Doddridge. 

"  Dr.  Clarke  was  a  superior  scholar,  and  a  man  who  studied  the 
liible  with  attention,  though  some  of  its  grand  doctrines  were  not 
correctly  understood  by  him.  .  .  .  Those  who  are  partial  to  para- 
phrases of  the  Bible,  which  the  author  of  this  work  is  not,  will 
find  Clarke  and  Pyle  not  inferior  to  the  generality  of  parapbrasts.'' 
—Orme^x  Bibl.  Bib. 

Pyle's  [Thomas]  Paraphrase  on  the  Acts  and  the  Epis- 
tles, 1725,  2  vols.  8vo,  and  on  the  Book  of  Revelation,  1735, 
8vo,  were  designed  as  a  continuation  of  Clarke's  work. 
See  Pyle,  Tuomas.  Controversy  with  Mr.  Dodwell  re- 
specting the  Immortality  of  the  Soul;  five  treatises,  puh. 
1706,  '07.  Demonstration  of  the  Being  and  Attributes  of 
God.  The  Obligations  of  Natural  Religion,  and  the  Truth 
and  Certainty  of  the  Christiau  Revelation,  in  Answer  to 
Hobbes,  Spinoza,  &c.,  being  the  Substance  of  16  Sermons 
preached  1704,  '05.  at  the  Lecture  founded  bv  the  Hon. 
Robert  Boyle,  1705  and  1706,  2  vols.  8vo.  The  first  eight 
sermons  are  devoted  to  A  Demonstration  of  the  Being  and 
Attributes  of  God. 

Very  diflferent  opinions  have  been  entertained  of  this 
celebrated  demonstration.  The  satirical  commentary  of 
Pope  has  but  little  weight,  for  the  theological  opinions  of 
the  author  of  the  Dunciad  have  never  been  considered 
especially  valuable.  Dr.  Thomas  Brown  has  a  better 
claim  to  be  heard,  and  he  considers  the  speculations  of 
Clarke  and  others  of  a  like  character,  as 

•'  Kelics  of  the  mere  verbal  logic  of  the  schools,  as  little  capable 
of  producing  conviction  as  any  of  the  wildest  and  most  absurd 
of  the  technical  scholastic  reasonings  on  the  properties,  or  supposed 
properties,  of  entity  and  nou-entity." 

Dugald  Stewart  acknowledges  that  "argument  a  priori 
has  been  enforced  with  singular  ingenuity  I'v  I>r.  Clarke," 
yet  he  confesses  that  it  *'  does  not  carry  complete  convic- 
tion to  my  mind." 

Bishop  Hoadly,  the  stout  apologist  for  Clarke,  declares 
that  his  demonstration 

"  Is  one  regular  building,  erected  upon  an  unmovable  fbundor 
tion.  and  rising  up  from  one  stage  to  another,  with  equal  strength 
and  dignity." 

Whiston  tells  us  that  he  was  in  his  garden  when  Clarke 
brought  him  this  famous  volume  : 

"  Now  I  perceived  that  in  these  Sermons  he  had  dealt  a  great 
deal  in  abstract  and  metaphysical  reasonings.  T  therefore  asked 
him  how  he  ventured  into  such  subtilties,  which  I  never  durst 
meddle  with?  And  shewing  him  a  net  tie.  or  the  like  contemptible 
weed,  in  my  garden,  I  tdd  him.  that  weed  contained  better  argu- 
ments for  the  Ueing  and  Attributes  of  God,  than  all  his  metaphy- 
sicks.  lie  confessed  it  to  be  so;  but  alleged  for  himself.  th:it, 
since  such  philosophers  as  Uobbes  and  i^pinoza  had  made  use  of 
those  kind  of  subtilties  against,  he  thought  proper  to  shew,  that 
the  like  way  of  reasoning  might  be  better  made  use  on  the  sidf  of, 
religiou.  "Which  rea.son,  or  excuse,  I  allowed  not  to  be  iuconsidei^ 
able."' — Hist.  Mem.:  see  Biog.  Brit. 

We  think  that  Clarke's  ''reason  or  excuse"  should  have 
been  most  satisfactory. 

Agreatphilosopher  remarks,  with  much  modesty,  of  such 
'*  metaphysicks,"  as  Whiston  styles  them, 

"These  are  the  speculations  of  men  of  superior  genius;  but 
whether  they  be  as  solid  as  they  are  sublime,  or  whether  they  be 
the  wanderings  of  imagination  in  a  region  beyond  the  limits  of 
human  understanding,  I  am  unable  to  determine.'" — Dr.  Keid. 

The  topic  was  not  a  new  one,  nor  the  arguments  ad- 
duced altogether  original,  even  in  the  English  school  of 
philosophy.  Ralph  Cud  worth,  Henry  More,  and  John 
Howe,  (especially  see  The  Living  Temple.)  had  all  pre- 
viously been  "sailing  on  this  sea  of  speculation." 

Trans,  of  Sir  Isaac  Newton's  Optics  into  Latin,  1706. 
Caesar's  Commentaries,  1712,  fol. 

"  It  is  no  wonder  that  an  edition  should  he  very  correct  which 
has  passed  through  the  hands  of  one  of  the  most  accurate,  learned, 
and  judicious  writers  this  age  h;is  produced." — Addison:  Specta- 
tor, No.  367. 

The  Scripture  Doctrine  of  the  Trinity.  Lon.,  1712,  8vo. 
This  work  led  to  a  protracted  controversy,  in  which  Dr. 
Waterland,  Mr.  Nelson.  Edwards.  Wells,  Gastrell,  Whitby, 
Jackson,  and  others  took  part.     For  a  list  of  the  publica- 


tions of  Dr.  Clarke  and  his  opponents  on  this  subject,  see 
Watt's  Bibl.  Bib.  and  the  Biog.  Brit.;  also  Walchii  Bibl. 
Tii-ool.  964-6 ;  and  T.  H.  Home's  Cat.,  2  Col.  Library,  Camb., 
vol.  i. 

'■The  sentiments  of  Clarke  upon  this  point  were  undoubtedly 
Arian ;  but  it  was  an  A  rianism  which  approached  as  closely  as  pos- 
sible to  the  doctrine  of  the  Trinity.  He  regarded  the  Son  and  Holy 
Spirit  as  emanations  fr^^m  the  Father,  endowed  by  him  with  every 
attribute  of  Deity,  self-existence  alone  excepted." — Cunningham's 
Biog.  Hist,  of  England. 

"Jones  and  Waterland  will  furnish  a  sufficient  reply  to  Clarke." 
— BiCKERSTETH  ;  Christian  Student. 

*'  The  writings  of  Dr.  Clarke  on  the  Trinity  contain  a  great  deal 
of  discussion  respecting  the  meaning  of  Scripture,  and  occasioned 
a  vei"y  extended  controversy  in  England.  He  seems  to  have  been 
led  to  the  sentiments  adopted  and  defended,  by  his  metaphysical 
tone  of  mind,  and  by  pursuing  improperly  the  language  of  human 
creeds  respecting  the  generation  of  the  Son  of  Ood.  The  contro- 
versy tended  greatly  to  spread  Arianismoverthecountry." — Orme: 
Bibl.  Bib. 

Clarke  was  now  called  upon  to  defend  the  Newtonian 
philosophy  against  Leibnitz,  who  had  represented  it  to  the 
Princess  of  Wales,  afterwards  Queen  Consort  of  George  II., 
as  false  in  philosophy,  and  dangerous  in  theology.  At  the 
request  of  the  princess,  Sir  Isaac  Newton  took  up  the  ma- 
thematical line  of  defence,  leaving  the  philosophical  branch 
to  Dr.  Clarke.  The  latter  pub.  the  Collection  of  Papers 
which  passed  between  him  and  Leibnitz,  relating  to  the 
Principles  of  Natural  Philosophy  and  Religion,  in  1717. 
Discour.se  on  some  0.  T.  Prophecies,  1725,  8vo.  His  dis- 
cussion with  Leibnitz  respecting  Philosophical  Liberty  and 
Necessity  was  succeeded  on  the  death  of  Leibnitz  by  a 
similar  controversy  with  Anthony^  Collins.  Clarke  pub.  in 
1717  his  Remarks  on  Collins's  Enquiry  concerning  Human 
Liberty.  This  work  and  his  discussion  with  Leibnitz  were 
pub.  in  French  by  Des  Maizeaux  in  1720.  Seventeen  Ser- 
mons, 1724.  Trans,  of  the  iirst  Twelve  Books  of  Homer's 
Iliad,  1729,  4to.  Twelve  last  Books,  (partly  tran.s.  by  Dr. 
Samuel  Clarke,)  pub.  by  his  son,  Samuel  Clarke,  17^2, 4to. 
The  Latin  version  is  almost  entirely  new,  and  annotations 
are  added  at  the  bottom  of  the  pages. 

"  The  translation,  with  his  corrections,  m.ny  now  be  styled  accu- 
rate; and  his  notes,  as  far  as  they  go.  are  indeed  a  treasury  of 
grammatical  and  critical  knowledge." — Bishop  Hoadlt. 

E.\position  of  the  Church  Catechism,  Lon.,  1729,  8vo; 
17.10,  8vo,  and  inhis  Works,  vol.  iii.  This  Exposition  occa- 
sioned a  controversy,  in  which  Drs.  Waterland  and  Sykes 
and  Thos.  Emlyn  were  concerned.  Sermons  from  the  au- 
thor's MSS.,  by  Jno.  Clarke.  D.D.,  Dean  of  Sarum,  1730, 
'31,  10  vols.  8vo.  Eighteen  Sermons,  1734,  8vo.  Works, 
with  his  Life,  by  Bishop  Hoadly,  1738,  4  vols.  fol.  Homeri 
Odyssea;  Gritce  et  Latine,  4th  ed.,  Glasg.,  1799,  2  vols. 
Letter  to  Dr.  Hoadly.  Mathematical  Con.  to  Phi!.  Trans., 
1728. 

**Dr.  Clarke  was  as  bright  a  light  and  masterly  a  teacher  of  truth 
and  virtue  as  ever  yet  appeared  among  us.  .  .  .  His  sentiments  and 
expressions  were  so  masterly,  his  w.iy  of  explaining  the  phraseology 
of  Scripture  by  collecting  and  comparing  together  the  parallel 
places,  so  extraordinary  aud  convincing,  as  to  make  his  method  of 
preaching  so  universally  accejitable.  that  there  was  not  a  parish- 
ioner who  was  not  always  pleased  at  his  coming  into  their  Pulpit, 
or  who  was  ever  weary  of  his  instruction.  lUs  works  must  last  as 
long  as  any  language  remaius  to  convey  them  to  future  times." — 
Bishop  Hoadly. 

"  He  rarely  reaches  the  sublime,  or  aims  at  the  pathetic ;  hut  in 
a  clear,  manly,  flowing  style,  he  delivers  the  most  important  doc- 
trines, contirmed  on  every  occasion  by  well-applied  passages  from 
Scripture.  He  was  not  perfectly  orthodox  in  his  opinions;  a  cir- 
cumstance which  has  lowered  his  character  among  many." — Da. 
K.xox. 

"  Kminently  and  justly  celebrated." — Br.  Parr. 
"If  a  preacher's  disposition  incline  him  to  the  illustration  of  the 
sacred  text,  which,  in  strict  truth,  is  performing  what  by  his  office 
he  has  engaged  him.self  to  undertake,  that  is  to  say.  to  preach  the 
word  of  God,  the  best  models  I  can  think  of  are  the  Sermons  of  Dr. 
Samuel  Clarke  of  St.  .lames's,  who  is  always  plain,  clear,  accurate, 
and  full." — Bishop  Warbcrton. 

'■  I  should  recommend  Dr.  Clarke's  Sermons,  were  he  orthodox ; 
however,  it  is  very  well  known  where  he  was  not  orthodox,  which 
was  upon  the  doctrine  of  the  Trinity, as  t<i  which  he  isacondemned 
heretic;  so  one  is  aware  of  it." — Dr".  Johnson. 

We  quote  from  a  very  eminent  authority  the  following 
admirable  sketch  of  Dr.  Clarke  considered  as  a  philosopher: 
"  The  chief  glory  of  Clarke,  as  a  metaphysical  author,  is  due  to 
the  I'oldness  and  ability  with  which  he  placed  himself  in  the  breach 
again  t  the  Necessitarians  and  Fatalists  of  his  times.  With  a  mind 
far  inferior  to  that  of  Locke,  in  comprehensiveness,  in  originality, 
and  in  fertility  of  invention,  he  was  nevertheless  the  more  wary 
and  skilful  disputant  of  the  two;  possessing,  in  a  singular  degree, 
that  re-ach  of  thought  in  grasping  remote  consequences,  which 
etTectually  saved  hini  from  tho.se  rash  concessions  into  which  Locke 
was  fretiuently  betrayed  by  tbe  greater  warmth  of  his  temperament 
and  vivacity  of  his  fancy.  This  logical  foresight  (the  n.iluial  ri'snlt 
of  his  habits  of  mathematical  study)  rendered  him  peculiarly  fit  to 
contend  with  adversaries  eager  and  qualified  to  take  advant.age  ot 
every  vulnerable  point  in  his  doctrine;  but  it  gave,  at  the  samo 
time,  to  his  style  a  tanienessand  monotony,  and  want  of  coJnuring, 
whiL-h  never  appear  in  the  easy  and  spii  ited,  though  often  unfinished 


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and  unequal,  sketches  of  Locke.  Voltaire  has  somewhere  said  of  him,  ; 
that  he  was  a  mere  reasouing  machine,  (un  mmdin  d  rais<mnpment,)  1 
and  the  expression  (though  doubtless  much  too  unqualified)  pos-  : 
sesses  merit,  in  point  of  just  discrimination,  of  which  Voltaire  was 
probably  not  fully  aware."— Duqald  Stewart:  \st  Prelim.  Dissert. 
hi  E}icyc.  BHt. 

Sec  Lives  of  Clarke  by  Whiston  and  Hoadly;  Whitaker's 
Origin  of  Ariauism ;  Warburton's  Letters;  Biog.  Britj 
Nichols's  Bowyer;  Tytler's  Memoirs  of  Lord  Karnes. 

Clarke,  Samuel,  D.D.,  grand.son  of  the  preceding, 
pastor  to  a  congregation  of  Dis.-^enfers  at  St.  Alban's. 
Christian's  Inheritance,  being  a  Collection  of  the  Promises 
of  Scripture  under  their  Proper  Heads,  &.Q.,  Lon.,  1790, 
13mo;  new  edit.,  with  an  Essay,  by  Kalph  Wardlaw,  D.D., 
12mo,  Lon.,  1850. 

"  In  this  edition  every  passa'^e  of  Scripture  has  been  compared 
and  verilied.  The  Tolume  is  like  an  arran!j;ed  museum  of  s'-'ins, 
and  precious  stones,  and  pearls  of  inestimable  value.  The  divine 
promises  comprehend  a  rich  and  endless  variety." — DR.  AVardlaw. 

"The  proaiises  [Clarka's  Collection]  are  for  the  most  part  well 
arranired.  and  this  book  has  been  found  food  for  many.  Uut  it  has 
one  serious  fault:  they  are  Scripture  promises,  but  not  in  the 
Scripture  mode  and  connection.  They  are  often  dissevered  from 
the  Christian  tempers  and  duties  with  which  they  are  associat*-d  in 
the  Scripture,  and  in  which  alone  an  interest  in  them  is  maintained 
and  enjoyed." — Bickersteth:  Chridian  .S/udent. 

Clarke,  or  Clark,  Samuel.  The  Life  and  Death  of 
Nebuchaduezzer  the  Great,  IfJtU;  and  in  the  Somer.s  Col- 
lection, vid.  vii.     Protestant  Schoolmaster,  IfiSO,  12mo. 

Clarke,  Sir  Samuel.  Fleta  Book;  the  first;  contain- 
ing the  Ancient  Pleas  of  the  Crown,  with  corrections  and 
illustrations;  Latin,  Lon.,  1735,  fob     See  Selden,  Jous. 

Clarke,  Sara  Jaue.     See  Lipimxcott. 

Clarke,  Stephen.     Serms.,  1727,  '30,  Svo. 

Clarke,  Stephen,  Coal  Merchant.  The  Poison  Tree; 
a  Dram.,  1809,  Svo.  Torrid  Zone;  a  Dram.,  1809,  8vo. 
The  Kiss;  a  Com.,  1811.  Svo. 

Clarke,  Thomas,  Priest  of  the  College  of  Rheims. 
Recantation  of  Popery,  1593,  Svo.     Life  of  P.  Kcmpe,  Svo. 

Clarke,  Thomas.  Meditations  in  my  Confinement, 
Lon.,  16(11,  4to. 

Clarke,  Thomas  B.     Political  treatises,  1784-1812. 

Clarke,  William,     Serms.,  Lon.,  1656,  4to. 

Clarke,  William.  Nitre,  Lon.,  1670,  Svo;  in  Latin, 
Francf.,  1675,  Svo. 

"  lie  describes  it  as  an  emetic,  purgative,  refrigerant,  and  febri- 
fuge-'" — Dr.  Watt, 

Clarke,  William.     Party  Revenge,  1720,  Svo. 

Clarke,  William,  1696-1771.  Fellow  of  St.  John's 
College,  Cambridge,  Rector  of  Buxted,  1724.  Oration, 
1763,  Svo.  Connexion  of  the  Roman,  Saxon,  and  English 
Coins,  Lon.,  1767,  4to. 

'■There  is  in  this  work  (pp.  54-fi5)  a  very  cood  account  of  the 
ancient  trade  of  the  Blatk  Sea.' — McCulloch's  Lit.o/  _F.ilit.  Economy. 

Clarke,  William,  M.D.  Prof,  treatises.  1751,  '53,  '57. 

Clarke,  William,  M.D.    1.  Observations  on  the  Con-  i 
duct  of  the  French.     2.  Letters  on  the  French  Revolution, 
1755,  "95. 

Clarke,  William.  Repertorium  Bibliographicum,  or 
gome  Account  of  the  most  celebrated  British  Libraries, 
Public  and  Private,  1819,  Svo.  Let  the  reader  secure  this 
book  on  the  first  opportunity. 

'■  A  most  valuable  and  interesting  book,  and  more  especially  so 
to  the  lovers  of  Bibliomania:  containing  much  valuable  matter 
relating  to  celebrated  libraries,  with  an  account  of  their  collectors." 

Clarke,  William,  Architect.  Extracts  from  the  MS. 
Journals  and  the  Drawings  of  this  gentleman  will  be  found 
in  that  useful  compilation  from  Mazois,  Sir  Wm.  Gell,  &c., 
entitled  Pompeii;  its  Past  and  Present  State. 

*' Those  whf>  have  vi.sited  Pompeii  iuvariably  admit  the  great 
accuracy  of  these  little  volumes." 

Clarke,  William.     See  Lewis.  Merriwether. 

Clarke,  William  A.  Abridgt.  of  Life  of  Rev.  T. 
Hogg,  Lon.,  1799,  12mo. 

Ciarkson,  Charles.     Serms.,  Lon.,  1773. 

Clarkson,  Christopher.     Serms.,  1733,  '37,  4to. 

Clarkson,David,1622-10S6,alearned  Nonconformist 
divine.  Fellow  of  Clare  Hall,  Cambridge,  succeeded  Dr. 
Owen,  1683.  Primitive  Episcopacy,  Lon.,  16S0,  Svo.  No 
Evidence  of  Diocesan  Episcopacy  in  Primitive  Times, 
16S1,  4to,  in  answer  to  Stillingfleet.  Discourse  of  Litur- 
gies, 1689,  Svo.  Serms.  and  Discourses,  1696,  fol.  He 
wrote  several  treatises  against  Romanism. 

"Tillotson,  notwithstanding  Clarkson's  nonconformity,  always 
preserved  a  very  hi;.'h  respect  for  him." 

"  A  Divine  of  extraordinary  worth,  for  solid  judgment,  healing, 
moderate  principles,  acquaintance  with  the  Fathers,  great  minis- 
terial ability,  and  a  godly,  upright  life." — Baxter. 

"The  matter  of  his  Sermons  was  always  judiciously  derived 
fi-om  his  text,  and  remarkable  for  depth  and  clearness." — Dr.  W. 

BVTES. 

John  Howe  and  Matt.  Mead  also  recommend  his  sermons. 
"  Evangelical  and  comprehensive." — Bickzestetu. 


Some  of  them  have  been  printed  by  the  London  Reli- 
gious Tract  Society.  His  attack  upon  Diocesan  Episco- 
pacy was  answered  by  Henry  Maurice,  in  A  Defence  of 
Diocesan  Episcopacy,  Lon.,  1691,  Svo,  and  1700,  Svo. 

Clarkson,  D.  A.  Designs  for  Tombs,  Monuments, 
&c.,  Lon.,  imp.  4to. 

Clarkson,  Lawrence.  Truth  released  from  Prison 
to  its  former  Liberty. 

Clarkson,  Thomas,  1760-1S46,  the  di.^tinguished 
advocate  of  the  abolition  of  slavery,  was  educjitcrl  ut  St. 
John's  College,  Cambridge,  and  took  Deacon's  order.s.  He 
pub.  several  Essays  against  the  Slave  Trade,  1783,  '87,  "89, 
'91,  1S07;  a  History,  &c.  of  the  Abolition  of  the  Slave 
Trade  in  ISOS,  2  vols.  Svo,  and  1839,  and  a  Vindication 
of  this  work.  A  Portraiture  of  Quakerism,  1S06  and  1809, 
3  vols.  Svo  ;  3d  ed..  1813.  3  vols.  Svo.  Of  the  1st  ed.  2500 
copies  were  sold  without  advertisement.  It  was  reviewed 
by  Lord  Jeffrey,  Edin.  Rev.,  April,  1807.  Memoirs  of  the 
Private  and  Public  Life  of  Wm.  Penn,  1813,  2  vols.  Svo. 

"  Mr.  Clarkson  seems  to  have  spared  no  pains  or  labour  in  in- 
forming himself  of  every  circumstance  relative  to  Penn,  whether 
contained  in  well-known  or  obscure  works." — I^n.  FcJeclic  lin-iao. 

Lord  Jeffrey  also  reviews  this  work  in  the  Edin.  Review 
for  July,  1813, 

''  It  should  be  sufficient  for  the  glory  of  William  Penn,  that  he 
stands  upon  record  as  the  most  humane,  the  most  moderate,  and 
the  most  pacific  of  all  rulers." — Lord  Jeffrey. 

See  T.  Taylor's  Biog.  Sketch  of  Thomas  Clarkson,  Lon., 
12mo;  2d  ed..  by  Dr.  Stebbing,  1S47. 

"Mr.  Taylor  has  performed  his  undertaking  with  the  zeal  of  an 
affectionate  admirer,  and  with  taste,  jud^rment,  and  accuracy." — 
London  Christian  Advocate.     See  DisoN,  William  IIepworth. 

Clarkson,  William.  Cause  of  the  Increase  of  Pau- 
perism and  Poor's  Rates,  with  a  remedy  for  the  same, 
Lon..  1815,  Svo. 

Clarkson,  William.  Missionary  Encourngements 
in  India.  Lon.,  ISmo.  "A  volume  of  thrilling  interest." 
India  and  the  Gospel,  or  an  ETn]>ire  for  the  Messiah  ;  with 
introduc.  by  Rev.  T.  Archer,  D.D. 

"  The  book  should  be  circulated  by  tens  of  thousands." — Lon. 
Evangdind  Mugnzine. 

Claromont.     See  Clar.\mont. 

Clason,  Isaac  Starr,  1796-1830,  a  native  of  New- 
York,  wrote  ''the  17th  and  18th  cantos  of  Don  Juan," — a 
continuation  of  Lord  Byron's  poem. 

Clatcr,  Francis.  Every  Man  his  own  Farrier.  Newk., 
1783,  Svo  ;  28th  ed.  Lon..  1843,  12mo.  Ry  John  Clater  and 
W.  C.  Spooner,  with  addits.  by  J.  S.  Skinner,  (Amer.  ed.) 
Every  Man  his  own  Cattle  Doctor.  Lon.,  1810.  8vo;  9th 
ed.,  Lon.,  1842,  12mo  ;  revised  by  Wm.  Youatt  and  W.  C. 
Spooner,  with  addits.  by  J.  S.  Skinner,  (American  ed.) 

"Clater  and  Youatt  are  names  treasured  by  the  farming  com- 
munities of  Europe  as  household  gods ;  nor  does  that  of  Skinner 
deserve  to  be  less  esteemed  in  America."' — Anui-ican  Fanner. 

Mr.  Edward  JMayhew  has  recently  edited  a  29th  ed.  of  tho 
"Farrier,"  and  a  10th  ed.  of  the  "Cattle  Doctor." 

Clavel,  Rog:er.     Tables  of  Discount,  16S3,  fol. 

Clavell,  John,  a  highwayman  taup.  Charles  I.  Dis- 
covery of  the  Highway  Law ;  with  instructions  how  to 
shun  or  apprehend  a  thief;  in  verse,  Lon.,  1628,  Svo.  Re- 
cantation of  an  ill-led  Life,  1634,  4to.  Bibl.  Anglo-Poet., 
109,  £3  8*.  This  gentleman-robber  was  a  nephew  of  Sir 
N.  Clavell. 

"Clavell  hepe  [in  his  Recantation]  recites  his  own  adventures  on 
thehi'-'hwav.  His  first  depredations  are  onGad's-hiU." — Wurton's 
Hid.  Eng.  rortri/. 

Clavell,  Robert.  Dominion  of  the  British  Seas,  Lon., 
1665.  Svo.  General  Catalogue  of  Books  printed  in  England, 
1666-16S0;  Lon..  16S0,  '81,  '82. 

Clavering,  Henry.   A  Select  Law  Library,  1817,  Svo, 

Clavering,  Robert,  d.  1747;  Bishop  of  Llandaff, 
1724;  trans,  to  Peterborough,  1728.  Moses  Maimonides, 
Ox.,  1705,  4to;   Perms.,  1708,  '29,  '30,  '33.    ^ 

Clavering,  Robert.     Carpentry,  Ac,  1776,  79,  Svcfc 

Clavers,  Mary.     See  Kirklasd,  C.\ROLiNn  M. 

Claxton,  John.     Saxon  Arch  :  ArchEeoL,  1792. 

Claxtou,  L.  The  Right  Devil  Discovered,  Lon.,  1659, 
12  mo. 

Claxton,  Timothy.  Hints  to  Mechanics  on  Self- 
Education  and  ISIutual  Instruction,  Lon.,  12mo. 

*■'  The  amusing  bonk  before  us  has  all  the  ease  and  pimplirity  of 
De  Foe.  and  the  exemplary  utility  of  Fi-anklin.  To  the  mechanic 
it  offers  at  onre  an  example  and  a  pleasant  comparion  in  the  pm^ 
suit  of  knowledge,  and  to  the  treneral  reader  it  aflfords  a  deep  in- 
sight into  those  labouriuB;  classes  which  are  the  sinews  of  the 
nation." — Lon.  Civil  Engineer  and  Architect's  Journal,  fib.  1839. 

Clay,  C.  C.     Laws  of  Alabama,  Tusea.,  1843,  Svo. 

Clay,  Cassius  M.,  b.  ISIO,  in  Madison  county,  Ken- 
tucky, editor  of  The  True  American  Newspaper,  devoted 
to  the  overthrow  of  slavery  in  Kentucky,  is  well  known  as 
one  of  the  most  zealous  opponents  of  negro  bondage.    His 

393 


CLA 

writings  and  speeches  have  been  pub.  in  New  York,  1848, 
8vo,  editeii  by  Huraee  Greeley. 

Clay,  Edward,  Jun.  llist.  and  Topograph.  Descrip- 
tion of  Framlingham,  18mo;  pp.  lU,  with  2  plates  of  the 
castle. 

Clay,  Francis.  News  from  England,  Lon.,  1642, 4to. 
Clay,  Henry,  one  of  the  most  distinguished  of  Ameri- 
can statesmen,  and  eloquent  of  modern  orators,  was  b.  April 
12,  1777,  in  Hanorer  county,  Virginia;  d.  at  Washington, 
D.  C,  June  29th,  1852.  Clay  Code,  or  Te.xt  Book  of  Elo- 
quence, edited  by  Vandenhoff.  Life  and  Speeches,  edited 
by  D.  Mallury,  1844,  2  vols.  Svo.  Life  and  Speeches,  col- 
lected by  James  B.  Swain,  New  York,  184:i,  2  vols.  8yo. 
Speeches,  collected  by  Richard  Chambers,  Cincinnati,  1842, 
Svo.  Biography,  by  George  D.  Prentice.  Hartford,  18,31, 
12mo.  Biography,  by  Epes  Sargent,  New  York,  8yo.  Life 
and  Speeches,  by  Henry  J.  Raymond,  Phila.,  1863,  Svo. 
Life  and  Times,  by  Rei?.  Calvin  Colton,  N.  Y.,  1846,  2  vols. 
r.  Svo.  Last  Seven  Years  of  the  Life  of  Henry  Clay,  by 
Calvin  Colton,  N.Y..  1856.  8vo,  Private  Correspond"ence, 
ed.  by  C.  Colton,  N.Y.,  1855,  Svo.  Speeches,  ed.  by  C. 
Colton,  N.Y.,  1857,  2  vols.  Svo. 

"  Mr.  Colton  visited  Henry  Clny  at  his  residence,  Ashland,  Ken- 
tucky, in  1S44,  and  oljtaiiR'd  free  access  to  all  ids  papers.    After 
tlie  di-atb  of  tliat  distinguished  statesman,  those  pa])ers  came  into 
Wr.  ( ''  -Itun's  possession,  from  winch  the  above  works  were  compiled." 
Clay,  J.     Elegy,  1793,  4to. 

Clay,  John.     Public  Statutes,  Lon.,  1739,  2  vols,  foh 
Clay,  John.     25  Semis.,  Lon,,  1827,  12mo. 
Clay,  John  Curtis,  Rector  of  Swedes'  Church,  Phila- 
delphia.    Aunals  of   the  Swedes  on  the  Delaware,   &c., 
Phila.,  1835,  12mo. 

Clay,  Joseph,  1764-1811,  a  native  of  Savannah, 
Judge  of  the  District  Court  of  Georgia,  and  subsequently 
a  Baptist  minister  at  Savannah,  afterwards  at  Boston. 
Serm.,  1807. 

Clay,  R.  Ijomax.     Pool  for  Essex,  1768,  Svo. 
Clay,  Samuel.     Med.  Treatise,  Ultr.aj.,  1690,  4to. 
Clay,  Thomas.     1.  Revenue.     2.  Interest,  1619,  '24. 
Clay,  W.  Keatinge.     Hist.  Sketches  of  the  Book  C. 
Prayer,  Lon.,  1849,  fcp.  Svo.     Prayer  Book  Version  of  the 
Psalms,  1S39,  12mo.     Book  of  C.  Prayer,  illustrated,  1S41, 
12mo.      Liturgical  Services  temp.  Elizabeth,  Camb.,  1847, 
Svo.    (Parker  Society.)    Private  Prayers  temp.  Elizabeth, 
Camb.,  1851,  Svo.    (Parker  Society.) "  See  a  Review  in  the 
Lon.  AVesleyan  Method.  Mag,,  Feb.  1854. 

Clayton,  A.  S.  Laws  of  Georgia,  1800,  '10,  Augusta, 
IS12,  4to.  '       »       6        > 

Clayton,  George.     Serms.,  1821,  Ac. 

Clayton,  Gyles.     Martial  Discipline,  1591,  4to, 

Claj-ton,  John.  Topics  in  the  Laws  of  England,  Lon., 
1646,  12mo.  Reports  and  Pleas  of  Assizes  at  Yorke,  1651, 
12mo.  If  this  book  will  do  all  that  Mr.  Clayton  promises 
for  it,  we  should  suppose  that  our  friends  the  lawyers 
would  insist  on  its  immediate  republication  : 

"  You  may  see  here  how  to  avoid  a  d.in)ierous  jury  to  your  client, 
what  evidence  best  to  use  for  him.  how  to  Iteep  the  judRe  so  he 
overrule  you  not,  so  that  if  it  be  not  your  own  fault— .as  too  often 
it  is  for  fear  of  favour — the  client  may  have  his  cause  so  handled 
as  if  he  be  plaintilT,  he  may  have  his  lijrht.  and  if  defendant! 
moderately  punished,  or  recompensed  for  his  vexation;  and  such 
Pleaders  the  people  need." — PnfaCf, 

Clayton,  John.     Serms.,  1736,  Svo. 

Clayton,  John,  d.  1773,  aged  87,  on  eminent  bota- 
nist anil  physician,  a  native  of  Fulhnin,  emigrated  to  Vir- 
ginia when  20  years  of  age.  Flora  Virginica.  Lugd.  Bat., 
1762,  4to.  Con.  to  Phil.  Trans,  respecting  Virginia;  In- 
dians, Natural  History,  ic,  1693, 1739.  See  Barton's  Med. 
and  Phys.  Journal. 

Clayton,  John,  d,  1843.     Serms.,  Ac,  1789-1805, 

Clayton,  John.    1.  Serm.   2.  On  the  Choice  of  Books, 

Clayton,  John.     Serms.,  Ac,  1829-48. 

Clayton,  N.     Serms.,  1776,  Svo. 

Clayton,  Prudence.     Her  case.  fol. 

Clayton,  Sir  Richard.  Hist,  and  other  trans,  from 
the  French,  1793,  '97. 

Clayton,  Robert,  1695-1758,  a  native  of  Dublin,  was 
educated  at,  and  became  Fellow  of.  Trinity  College,  Dub- 
lin;  Bishop  of  Killala,  1729:  trans,  to  Cork,  f7,'J5 ;  to 
Clogher,  1745.  Chronology  of  the  Hebrew  Bible  Vindi- 
cated, Lon.,  1747,  4to. 

*  J' I,'"k  ■'''/"'"''  ""'  """kers  of  the  Hebrew  text,  and  maintains 
the  Ush.Tlan  system  of  Chronology  with  a  great  variety  of  leainin". 
It  contains  many  observations  which  deserve  the  attention  of  the 
learned  reader."— Orme  :  ISM.  Bib. 

Dissertation  on  Prophecy,  1749,  Svo.  Letter  relative  to 
the  Restoration  of  the  Jews,  ic,  1751,  Svo;  a  second  Let- 
^  ter,  1751,  Svo. 


CLE. 

""Whether  the  bishop's  views  on  these  topics  shall  be  received 
or  rejected,  his  learning  and  intrenuity  must  lie  admired."— Urme. 

Vindication  of  the  Histories  of  the  Old  and  New  Testa- 
ifients,  in  Answer  to  Lord  Bolingbroke's  Objections,  Dubl 
p.art  i.,  1752,  Svo;  ii.,  1754,  Svo;  iii.,  1757,  Svo.  The 
sophistry  and  ignorance  of  Bolingbroke  are  here  strongly 
displayed.  An  Essay  on  Spirit,  1751,  Svo.  This  Arian 
treatise  was  not  written  by  the  bishop,  but  was  adopted 
and  pub.  by  him.  It  elicited  replies  from  20  to  30  writers, 
and  the  Irish  Convocation  h.id  determined  to  proceed 
against  tho  bishop,  when  he  was  seized  with  a  nervous 
fever,  which  terminated  his  life,  February  26,  1758.  But 
for  the  publication  of  this  Essay,  he  would  have  been 
raised  to  tho  Archbishopric  of  tuam.  He  pub.  several 
sermons  and  treatises,  and  trans,  from  a  MS.  A  Journal 
from  Grand  Cairo  to  Mount  Sinai,  and  back  again,  Ac, 
1753,  4to. 

"  Published  with  a  view  of  exciting  anti(|uaries  to  make  some 
inquiry  into  those  ancient  characters  which  are  discovered  in 
great  numt'ers  in  the  wilderness  of  Sinai." 

Clayton,  Sir  Robert.     Truth  Vindicated,  1681, 4to. 
Clayton,  Thomas.     Sermons,  171.3,  '27. 
Clayton,  Wm.     Rural  Discourses,  1814,  2  vols.  12mo. 
'■  i'lain  and  practical,  and  admirably  suited  for  country  cou- 
grejrations." 

Cleadon,  Thomas.     The  Sabbath,  Lon.,  1674,  4to. 

Clearidge,  John.     Shepherd's  Legacy,  1670,  Svo. 

Cleavelaud,  Ezra.      Genealogical   History  of   the 

noble  and  illustrious  Family  of  Courtcnav,  Oxon.,  1735  fol 

Cleavelaud,  Cleavland,  Cleveland,  or  Clieve- 

land,  John,  1613-1659,  a  nutivo  of  Loughborough,  Lei- 

eestershire.  was  educated  at  Christ's  College,  and  St.  John's 

College,  Cambridge.     He  had  the  honour  of  being  the  first 

poetical  champion  of  the  royal  cause,  and  sufl'ered  impri- 

sonmcnt  when  the  opposition  prevailed.     He  was  for  some 

time  a  tutor  at  St.  John's  College,  and  subsequently  lived 

in  chambers  at  Gray's  Inn,  where  he  died  in  1659. 

The  King's  Disguise.  1646,  4to.  A  London  Diurnnl- 
maker.  Ac,  1647,  '54,  4to.  The  Rustic  Rampant,  1653, 
Svo.  Poems,  Orations,  and  Epistles.  1660,  12mo.  Peti- 
tion to  the  Lord  Protector  for  the  Scots  Rebel;  a  satirical 
Poem.  Works,  1687,  Svo.  Seenoticeof  edits,  in  Lowndes's 
Bibl.  Manual,  Bibl.  Anglo-Poet.,  and  Eetrosp.  Review,  xii. 
123.  Clieveland's  poetry  was  greatly  admired  by  his  con- 
temporaries :  the  nephew  of  Milton  remarks,  perhaps  with 
some  little  asperity, 

"In  fine,  so  great  a  man  Clleveland  has  been  in  the  estima- 
tion of  the  generality,  in  regard  his  conceits  were  out  of  the  com- 
mon road,  and  wittily  far-fetched,  that  grave  men,  in  outward  ap- 
pearance, have  not  spared,  in  my  hearing,  to  affirm  him  tue  Bt.sT 
OF  tsGLlsn  Poets;  and  let  them  think  so  still,  whoever  pleases 
provided  it  be  made  no  article  of  faith."— Edward  Phillips.  ' 

It  is  easy  to  see  who  did  jio(  think  so:  whether  Phillipa 
had  any  family  pride  to  prejudice  him,  we  shall  not  decide. 
"  V,  bile  the  first  edition  and  sheets  of  Paradise  Lost  were  slowly 
struggling  through  the  mists  of  bigotry  and  party  prejudice  into 
public  reputation,  the  poems  of  Clleveland  were  pouied  forth  in 
innumerable  impressions.  The  reverse  is  now  the  singular  con- 
trast; and  Cliereland  has  had  the  iiite  of  those  poets,  desciibed  in 
Johnson's  hife  of  Cowley,  who,  'paving  their  court  tt,  temporary 
piej  udices,  have  been  at  one  time  too  much  praised,  and  at  another 
too  rnuch  neglected."'-ffe<TO,!p.  Jteview,  xii.  123;  read  this  article. 
"A  general  artist,  pure  Latinist,  exquisite  orator,  and  iwhi.h 
W.1S  his  master-piece)  eminent  poet.  His  epithets  were  pregnant 
with  metaphors,  carrying  in  them  a  difficult  plainness;  difficult 
at  hearing,  plain  at  the  consideration  thereof.  His  Infty  fancy  may 
seem  to  stride  from  the  top  of  one  mountain  to  the  top  of  ani.lher, 
so  making  to  itself  a  constant  level  and  champaign  of  continued 
elevations."— Fuller  ;    m,rll,ies  of  Lfici'ster>/i:re 

Cleavelaud,  or   Cleveland,  John,  1772-1815,  a 
minister  of  Ipswich,  Massachusetts.  Serins.,  Ac,  1763-84 
Cleavelaud,  Parker,  b.  17S0,  at  Byfield,  Essex  co.' 
Mass.;  Prof,  in   B..wdoin  College     Mineralogy  and  Geo- 
logy, Boston,  1816,  Svo;  1S22,  2  vols.  Svo. 

"  The  Elementary  Treati.se  of  Mr.  Cleavelaud  is  a  work  of  con- 
siderable  merit." — Edin.Rcvmw,  xxx.  374. 
Cleaver,  John.     Sermon.  1676.  4to. 
Cleaver,  Robert,  d.  161.3,  a  Puritan  divine.    Serms., 
1613, '14.    Tho  Sabbath.  1630.     In  conjunction  with  John 
Dod,  Exposition  of  the  Ten   Commandments,   1606,  4to. 
In  conjunction  with  John  Dod  and  William  Fliiidc,  Ex- 
position of  tho  Book  (if  Proverbs,  1606,  4to. 
Cleaver,  William.     Sermons,  1739-62,  Svo. 
Cleaver,  William,  D.D.,  1742-1815,  educated  at  tho 
University  of  Oxford;  Prebendary  of  Westminster,  1784; 
Principal   of  Brasenose,   1785;  Bishop  of  Chester,  1787; 
tr.ans,  to  Bangor.  1800;  to  St.  Asaph,  1806.     De  Khythmo 
Groscorum  Liber,  Lon.,  1789,  Svo. 
"An  excellent  little  work." 

Serms.,  1773,  '91,  '94.  Collec  of  his  own  and  his  father's 
aerms.,  1808,  Svo.  Serms.  on  select  Subjects,  Svo.  A  List 
of  Books  recommended  to  tho  Clergy  and  younger  Stu- 


CLE 


CLE 


dents  in  Divinity,  Oxf.,  1791,  Svo  ;  3(1  ed.  enlarged,  with 
Dodwell's  t'atalugue  of  tlie  Christian  Writers  and  genuine 
Works  of  the  tirst  three  Centuries,  1S08,  Svo. 

A  very  useful  catalogue  for  all  students. 

Cleaver,  Wm.     Serms.,  Dubl.,  1813;  Lon.,  1817,  Svo. 

Cleaver,  William.     See  Clever. 

Cleeve,AIex.  Serm.,1773.  Devotional  Exercises,  1801. 

Cleeve,  J.  K.     Sermon,  1812,  Svo. 

C'legat,  Nic.  Persuasive  to  an  ingenious  Tryal  of 
Opinions  in  Keligion,  Lon.,  1685,  4to. 

Clegate.  Travails  from  Terra  Incognita  through  the 
Wilderness  of  Sinne,  Lon.,  1650,  12mo. 

Clegg,  James.     Sermons.  1731.  '36,  '38. 

Clegg,  James.     Dyeing  Black,  Phil.  Trans.,  1774. 

Clegg, .lollll.  Elements  of  Geography. Liverp.,1795,4to. 

Clegliorii,  Uavid.     Con.  to  Med.  Tracts,  1792. 

Cleghorn,  George,  M.D.,  1716-17S7,  a  native  of 
Edinburgh,  resided  13  years  at  Minorca  with  the  22d  re- 
giment, of  which  he  was  surgeon.     Diseases  of  Minorca, 
Lon.,  1751,  Svo. 
"A  just  model  for  future  writers." — Dr.  Potheroill. 

lude.'i  of  an  Annual  Course  of  Lectures,  Dubl.,  1767, 
Svo.     Con.  to  Mcil.  Ol.s.  and  Inq.,  1766. 

Cleghorn,  George.     Ancient  and  Modern  Art,  His- 
torical and  Critical,  Edin.  k  Lon.,  2  vols.  12mo ;  2d  ed.,1848. 
""We  have  the  pleasure  of  recommending  it  to  a  pKice  in  every 
public  library,  and  on  the  table  of  every  man  who  values  art,  re- 
finement, elegance,  and  tast«." — Lon.  Morning  Post. 

Cleghorn,  James.  Med.  Con.  to  Trans.  Irish  Acad., 
1787. 

Cleghorn,  James.  The  depressed  State  of  Agricul- 
ture, Edin..  1822,  Svo.  A  System  of  Agriculture,  with  13 
plates,  Edin.,  4to.     From  7th  ed.  Encycl.  Brit. 

"The  best  account  of  the  AijricuUure  of  the  .Scotch  Counties  is 
to  be  found  in  IJIack's  Edition  of  the  Encyclopa2dia  Britannica." — 
Loudon's  Agriritlturfy  p.  1178. 

"The  initiation  shows  much  discernment;  and  the  subsequent 
arranjjement  of  the  materials  is  judiciously  m.ade,  and  each  article 
has  t^iveu  to  it  a  proper  description  both  in  the  nature  and  extent." 
— Donahhon's  AgricuU.  Bug. 

'■The  animals  are  sketched  with  an  ease,  spirit,  and  precision, 
approiiuiatini-  to  the  lidelity  of  nature."— /)i<r/iam  Chnmide. 

Cleghorn,  Thos.    The  Hydra  Ai/ronaut,  ISIO,  12mo. 

Cleig,  George.     Fast  Sermon,  1795,  Svo. 

Cleiveland,  John.     See  Cleaveland. 

Clcland,  Archibald,  Surgeon.  Appeal  to  the  Pub- 
lic, Lon..  1743,  Svo.     Profess,  con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1741. 

Cleland,  Ucnjamin.     Sermon,  1B67,  Svo. 

Clelaud,  Charles.  Laws  rel.  to  Imp.  and  Exp.  of 
Wine,  Lon..  1737,  4to. 

Cleland,  Elizabeth.     Cookery,  Edin.,  1759,  Svo. 

Cleland,  Henry.     Life  of  William  Pitt,  1807,  12mo. 

Cleland,  James.  The  Institution  of  a  Young  No- 
bleman. Oxf.,  1607,  4to.     Serm.,  1024,  '26,  4to. 

Cleland,  James.  Annals  of  Glasgow,  1810,  2  vols. 
Svo.     The  Green  of  Glasgow,  1813,  Svo. 

Cleland,  John,  d.  17S9,  in  his  8Dth  year,  the  son  of 
Colonel  Cleland,  i.  e.  Will  noNEYco.iiB.  of  the  Specta- 
tor's Club.  Besides  several  works  which  did  him  no  credit, 
he  pub.  The  Way  to  Things  by  Words,  and  to  Words  by 
Things,  1766,  Svo.  Specimens  of  an  Etymological  Voca- 
bulary, or  Essay  by  Means  of  the  Analytical  Method,  to 
retrieve  the  ancient  Celtic,  176S;  Proposals  relative  to 
the  above  :  Drnmatic  pieces,  Ac. 

Cleland,  Thomas.     Sermon,  1660.  4to. 

Cleland,  Lt.  Col.  Wm.,  a  Scotch  poet  in  Lord 
Angus's  regiment.  Disp.  Jurid.  de  Probationibus.Traj.  ad 
Rh.,  1684,  4to.  A  Collection  of  several  Poems  and  Verses 
composed  upon  various  Occasions.  1697,  Svo. 

Clemence.     The  French  Language,  Lon.,  1797,  Svo. 

Clemence,  M.  The  true  Lover  of  his  Country;  or, 
a  Treatise  on  Sovereignty,  1801,  12mo. 

Clemens,  Hon.  Jeremiah,  at  one  time  U.S. 
Senator  from  Alabama.  Bernard  Lile  ;  an  Historical  Ro- 
mance,  Phila.,  1S50,  12mo.  Mustang  Grey:  a  Romance. 
1S58.  12mo. 

Clement  of  Lathony,  flourished  about  1180,  Sub- 
prior  and  Prior  of  Lathony.  Series  Collecta,  or  a  Harmony 
of  tbcGospels,  and  a  patristic  Commentary  thereon,  entitled 
Collectarium.  Of  this  work  an  English  version  was  made, 
it  is  supposed,  by  a  follower  of  Wycliff'e,  and  several  MSS.' 
of  it  m.ay  be  seen  in  the  British  Museum.  The  conclusion 
of  the  original  has  been  attributed  to  William  of  Notting- 
ham. Clement  also  wrote  a  Commentary  on  the  Acts,  and 
on  the  Canonical  Epistles,  a  gloss  on  the  Psalter,  ic'  See 
Wright's  Biog.  Brit.  Lit. 

Clement.    A  Dyalogue,  Ac,  1530? 

Clement.  Petie  Schole  oo  Orthography,  ic,  Lon., 
1587,  16mo. 


Clement.  DL-^course  of  Money,  Trade,  and  Exchacge, 
1596.  410. 

Clement,  A.  Mystery  Unmasked,  1769,  Svo;  ad- 
dressed to  "people  of  any  Religion,  and  tho.-^e  of  none." 

Clement,  Benjamin.     Scrms..  1774.  2  V(ds.  Svo. 

Clement,  Margaret,  1508-1570,  a  niece  of  Sir  Tho- 
mas More,  corresponded  with  Erasmus,  who  applauds  her 
epistles  for  good  sense  and  good  Latin — not  a  necessary 
conjunction.  When  she  married  her  tutor.  Dr.  .John  Cle- 
ment, the  great  Leland  indulged  in  an  Epithalamium  :  Jo. 
Clementis  Medici  &  Margarets.  Vith  Encom.  Troph. 
Epithalamiis.  Ac,  p.  38  ;  or  Ballard's  British  Ladies. 

Clement,  Thomas.   Nat.  Philosophy, Lon.,1790,Svo. 

Clement,  William,  d.  1799,  aged  88.  Curate  of 
St.  Mary-at-hill,  London,  and  Librarian  of  Sion  College. 
Eight  Serms.  at  Lady  Moyer's  Lecture.1757, Lon. ,1797, Svo. 

"The  subject  of  these  discourses  is  the  Trinity,  .and  the  author 
has  couducted  tlie  arp:ument  with  much  judi^uient.'' — Lowndes. 

Clenche,  John.    Tour  in  France  and  Italy,  1776.  4to. 

Clendon,  John.     Treatise  on  the  Trinity,  1710,  Svo. 

Clendon,  Thos.  Justitication,  Serm.,  Lon.,  1653,  4to. 

Clennil,  John.     Manufactures,  Newc,  1807,  Svo. 

Cleobury,  Miss.     Practical  Geography,  1816,  4to. 

Cleombrotns.     England's  Warning  Piece,  1661,  4to. 

Clephane,  M.D.     Con.  to  Med.  Obs.  &  Inq.,  1755. 

Clephane,  A.  Decisions  C.  of  Sessions,  1812,'13, 1815. 

Clerk.     Modern  Precedents,  1655, 12mo. 

Clerk,  Charles.  On  Swedish  Spiders;  included  (with 
E.  Albin's  work  on  English  Spiders)  In  Thomas  Martyn'3 
Aranei,  Lon.,  1793,  r.  4to. 

Clerk,  David,  M.D.     Con.  to  Ess.  Phys.  &  Lit.,  1771. 

Clerk,  Sir  George  Maxwell,  1715-17S4.  Two  Let- 
ters respecting  Wool,  Ac,  1766.  Con.  to  Ess.  Phys.  &  Lit., 
1756,  '71.     Shallow  ploughing,  Ac. 

Clerk,  John.     Serm.,  Camb.,  1656,  Svo. 

Clerk,  John,  d.  1813.  Ess.ay  on  Naval  Tactics,  Lon., 
1790-98,  4to;  new  ed.,  Edin.,  1S04,  4to. 

"To  the  system  of  manft-uvres  laid  down  and  explained  in  this 
work,  the  British  nation  are  indebted  for  those  splendid  and  deci- 
sive victories  which  their  fleets  have  gained  since  the  latter  end 
of  the  American  war.  Lord  Rodney  first  adopted  and  followed 
the  mode  of  attack  recommended  by'Mr.  Clerk;  and  the  success 
which  attended  this  new  mode  has  since  recommended  it  to  our 
most  celebrated  admirals." — Edin.  Ri:vii:w. 

ButGener.al  Sir  Howard  Douglass  professes  to  prove  that 
Lord  Rodney  amid  not  possibly  have  been  informed  of 
Mr.  Clerk's  theory  at  the  time  of  the  battle,  (against  the 
French  under  De  Grasse  in  the  West  Indies;)  and  it  has 
been  .asserted  that  Clerk's  E.ssay  is  principally  taken  from 
P.  Paul  Hoste's  L'Art  des  Armes  Navales.  William  Clerk 
is  thus  honourably  mentioned  by  Sir  Ay.aUer  Scott: 

"Milliam  Clerk  is  the  second  son  of  the  celebrated  author  of 
N.av.al  Tactics.  I  b-ave  known  him  intimately  since  our  college 
d.ays;  and  to  my  thinking,  never  met  a  man  of  greater  pow-ers  or 
more  complete  information  on  all  desirable  subjects." — ScotVs  Jour- 
nal, Nov.  20,  18'Jo. 

Clerk,  John.    Views  in  Scotland,  Ac,  Edin..l825,4to. 

Clerk,  Sir  John.  Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.  The  Stylus 
and  Paper  of  the  Ancients,  1731.  Eflects  of  Thunder  on 
Trees ;  of  a  large  Deer's  Horns  found  in  the  heart  of  an 
Oak,  1739. 

Clerk,  Sir  John,  and  Mr.  Baron  Scroopc.  Hist. 
View  of  the  Courtof  Exchciuer  in  Sc.itliind,Edin.,lS20.4to. 

Clerk,  T.  or  W.  Works  of  Hogarth,  Lon.,  ISIO,  2 
vols.  r.  Svo. 

Clcrk,William,  Surgeon.  Profess.con.  to  Phil.  Trans., 
1699. 

Clerke,  Bartholomew.  Fidelis  Servi  Subito  Infi- 
deli  Responsio,  Lon.,  1573,  4to.  De  Curiali  sivo  Aulico 
libri  quatuor,  1577.  Svo;  from  Castiglione. 

Clerke,  Charles  C,  Archdeacon  of  Oxford.  Form 
of  Prayer  and  Ceremonies,  Lon.,  Svo.  A  Charge  at  the 
Visitation  June  and  July,  1S44,  Oxf.,  1844,  Svo. 

Clerke,  Francis.  Praxis;  being  the  manner  of  pro- 
ceeding in  the  Ecclesiastical  Courts.  2d  ed.  i)y  T.  Blanden, 
1606,  4to.  Praxis  Suprema;  Curia;  Admirnlilatis  Una  cum 
Indice  et  notis,  1667,  Svo;  new  ed.,  1829,  12mo. 

"  A  work  of  undoubted  credit." — Lord  Uardwicke. 

See  Marvin's  Legal  Bibl. 

Clerke,  George.  The  Landed  Man's  Assistant,  Lon., 
1715,  Svo. 

Clerke,  Gilbert.  Theolog.  Latin  Treatises,  1660,  '62. 
'87,  '95. 

Clerke,  John,  Bishop  of  Bath  and  Wells,  d.  1540, 
presented  the  treatise  of  Henry  VIII.  against  Luther  to 
Pope  Leo  X.  Oratio  ad  Leonem  X.  in  exhibitione  Libelli 
Regii  Henrici  VIII.  contra  Lutherem ;  cum  Papte  respon- 
sione  ot  aliis  hinc  quibusdam  spectantibus,  Lon.,  by  Pynson, 
1521,  4to. 


CLE 


CLI 


Clerlte,  John*  Opusculum  de  Mnrtuorum  Resurrec- 
tioue  et  Extrcmo  Juclicio.m  qualuor  Lingiiis  conscriptum, 
Lon,,  1545,  4to.  In  double  columns;  Latin  and  Italian  in 
the  Roman  character,  the  English  and  French  in  black 
letter. 

"Curious  on  account  of  some  of  the  speculations  it  contains; 
but  above  all  as  it  affords  a  comparative  vi(.-w  of  the  orthosrM'liy 
and  idiom  of  the  English,  French,  and  Italian  languages  at  that 
period." 

A  Declaratlnn  respecting  the  Articles,  1546,  8vo. 

Clerke,  Richard,  d.  Ifj34,  one  of  the  translators  of 
the  English  Bible.    Serms.  pub.  by  C.  White,  Lon., 1637, fol. 

*'  Worthy  to  be  remembered  of  us.  though  dead;  for  he  loved  ns 
and  our  church.  "Wituesse  this  pledge  of  his  love  to  both, — his 
Workes." — Preface. 

Clerke,  Samuel.     Serms.,  1693, 1700,  4to. 

Clerke,  Thos.  W,  Rudiments  of  Amer.  Law  and 
Practice,  on  the  plan  of  Blackstoue,  N.  York,  1842,  Svo. 

"Mr,  CIi?rke's  Itudiments  of  . American  Law  and  Practice  appears 
to  me  to  be  drawn  up  with  great  care,  and  to  condense  in  a  brief 
form  a  great  deal  of  learning,  highly  useful  to  students  at  law, 
and  well  adapted  to  the  highest  classes  in  our  colleges;  and  espe- 
cially for  students  in  the  State  of  New  York." — Joseph  Story. 

Digest  of  the  Reports  of  Cases  determined  in  the  Su- 
preme and  other  Courts  of  the  State  of  N.  Y. ;  revised  and 
continued  to  present  time  by  Wm.  Hogan,  N.  York,  1850, 
4  vols.  8vo. 

Clerke,  Tim,     Papers  relative  to  Phvsick,  1670,  4to. 

Clerke,  William.     The  Trial  of  Bastardie,  1594.  4to. 

Clerke,  William.  Marciano,  or  the  Discovery;  a 
Tragi-comedy,  Edin.,  1663,  4fo. 

"  This  piece  is  s;iid  to  have  been  acted  with  great  applause  before 
his  Majesty's  high  Commissioner,  and  others  of  the  nobility,  at  the 
abbey  of  Ilnlyrnnd  hnuse." — Lowndes. 

Clerke,"Sir  William,  Rector  of  Bury.  Thoughts  on 
the  manner  of  preserving  the  health  of  the  Poor,  Lon., 
17911.  Svo. 

Clery,  Michael,  sen  O'Clerich,  a  native  of  Ireland. 
Lexicon  Hibernicum  prresert.  pro  VocabuUs  Antiquioribus 
et  Obscuris,  Lovanii,  lfi43,  Svo. 

Cleveland,  Aaron,  (son  of  Rev.  Aaron  C.  and 
Susannah  Porter,  d.  of  Rev.  Dr.  Porter  of  Maiden,  Mass.,) 
b.  in  Haddam,  Conn.,  1744.  d.  at  New  Haven.  1815.  The 
Philosopher  nnd  Boy  ;  a  Poem,  writlen  before  he  was 
twenty-one;  Family  Blood,  a  burles(|ue  poem;  Slavery 
Considered,  an  anti-slavery  Poem,  in  blank  ^  ers e,  of  about 
800  lines,  published  in  1775;  and  two  Peace-Sermona, 
1815,  entitled  The  Life  of  M:m  Inviolable,  which  were  re- 
published in  England.  For  a  Memoir  of  him,  and  extracts 
from  his  poems,  see  Poets  of  Connectieut.  We  understand 
that  his  grandson,  Prof.  C.  D.  Cleveland,  of  Philadelphia, 
is  about  to  publish  his  works  with  a  life. 

Cleveland,  Charles  Dexter,  son  of  Rev.  Charles 
Cleveland  of  Boston,  was  born  at  Salem,  Mass..  December 
3,  1802.  After  spending  five  years  in  mercantile  pursuits, 
in  1S23  he  entered  Dartmouth  College,  and  graduated  in 
1827.  In  1830  he  was  elected  Professor  of  the  Latin  and 
Greek  languages  in  Dickinson  College,  Carlisle,  Pcnn. ; 
and  in  1S32  Professor  of  the  Latin  Lnnguage  and  Litera- 
ture in  the  University  of  the  City  of  New  York.  In  1S34 
he  established  a  Young  Ladies'  School  in  Philadelphia,  of 
which  he  still  (1858)  continues  the  Principal. 

The  following  is  a  list  of  the  works  puh.  by  Prof.  C.    In 

1826,  while  a  Junior  in  College,  The  Moral  Characters  of 
Theophrastus.  with  a  Translation  and  Critical  Notes:  in 

1827,  while  a  Senior,  An  Epitome  of  Grecian  Antiquities : 
in  1828,  First  Lessons  in  Latin  upon  a  New  Plan,  and  in 
the  same  year,  The  National  Orator:  in  1830.  Xcnophon's 
Anabasis,  with  English  Notes:  in  1831,  a  Compendium  of 
Grecian  Antiquities,  being  the  Epitome  rewritten  and 
greatly  enlarged,  with  Maps  and  Illustrations:  in  1832, 
First  Lessons  in  Greek :  in  1834,  a  Sequel  to  First  Lessons 
in  Latin :  in  1836.  an  edition  of  Adams's  Latin  Grammar, 
with  numerous  Additions  and  Improvements:  in  1844,  an 
Address  of  the  Liberty  Party  of  Pennsylvania  to  the  People 
of  the  State:  in  1845.  First  Latin  Book,  and  in  the  same 
year,  Second  Latin  Book  :  in  1846,  Third  Latin  Book  :  in 
184S,  A  Compendium  of  English  Literature,  from  Sir  John 
Mandeville  to  William  Cowper:  in  1850,  Hymns  for 
Schools;  with  appropriate  Selections  from  the  Scriptures: 
in  1851,  English  Literature  of  the  Nineteenth  Century:  in 
1853,  an  edition  of  Milton's  Poetical  Works,  with  Life, 
Dissertations  on  each  Poem,  Notes,  an  Index  to  Subjects 
of  Paradise  Lost,  and  a  Verbal  Index  to  all  the  Poems  :  in 
1858,  A  Compendium  of  American  Literature,  on  the  plan 
of  the  Compendium  of  English  Literature. 

"The  hooks  of  Professor  Cleveland's  Latin  Series  are  well  calcu- 
lated for  leading  the  learner  forward,  etep  by  step,  in  acquiring  a 
'  knowledse  of  that  language  which  enters  so  largely  into  all  our 
Bcieutiiio  works," — Hunt's  Merchant's  Maga^ne. 


Professor  Cleveland's  edition  of  Milton  we  consider  the 
most  correct,  compact,  and  convenient  edition  publisbed 
in  this  country.  It  is  "critical  enough  for  the  scholar, 
fiiU  enough  for  the  general  reader,  beautiful  enough  for 
the  table  of  the  opulent,  but,  above  all,  cheap  enough  for  the 
school-room  and  for  the  dwellings  of  those  whose  limited 
means  prevent  them  from  buying  expensive  books." 

"Ad  edition  which  must  have  cost  immense  labour,  from  tho 
care  and  accuracy  with  which  every  word  has  been  weighed." — 
National  Magazine. 

"  A  pre-eminently  appreciable  pleasure  it  is  to  find  a  new  and 
carefully-prepared  edition  of  a  favourite  writer." — Knicherbocler. 

"  Tlie  Index  of  Sulyects  is  full  and  judicious;  the  Verbal  Index 
remarkably  accurate;  and  the  Notes  signally  per  tine  nt."^iJi7*^' o- 
theca  Sacra. 

"  The  Text  T  have  found  in  all  cases  the  best;  the  Notes  most 
judiciously  selected  or  supplied;  wliile  tlie  Index  is  complete  and 
faultless  as  far  as  human  labour  can  be." — Jos.  G.  Cvgswtll,  Li- 
brarian of  the  Astor  Library. 

Professor  Cleveland's  Compendium  of  English  Litera- 
ture and  his  English  Literature  of  the  I'Jth  Century  are 
most  valuable  manuals,  and  should  be  in  every  college, 
school,  family,  and  library,  and  on  every  parlour-table 
where  literature  is  not  eutirely  repudiated. 

Notices  of  the  Conijwndivm  of  E7igh'xh  Literature. 

"Having,  some  years  since,  meditated  a  einiilar  undertaking,  I 
can  appreciate,  in  a  measure,  Ilie  difliculties  with  which  you  were 
called  to  contend,  and  the  skill  with  which  you  have  surniouutcd 
them."— Rt.  Kev.  A.  Pottfr.  D.D..  LL.D. 

"To  form  such  a  Compendium,  good  taste,  fine  schr-larsliip.  fami- 
liar acquaintance  with  Knglish  literature,  luiwearied  industry,  tact 
acquired  by  practice,  an  interest  in  the  culture  of  the  young,  a  re- 
gard for  truth,  purity,  philanthroity.  religion,  as  tlie  highest  attaiu- 
nient  and  the  highest  beauty, — ?ill  these  were  needed;  and  they  are 
united  in  .Mr.  Clevelaud.'* — Boston  Christian  licgister. 

"Of  the  tilial  attachment  of  Americans  to  the  literature  of  Old 
England  the  work  before  us  is  a  most  creditable  specimen.  It  is 
decidedly  the  best  book  of  the  kind  we  know.  Though  it  is  not 
bulky,  it  comprises  an  immense  amount  of  valuable  matter.'" — 
London  Athenstum,  March,  1S51. 

Cleveland,  Ezra.     See  Cleaveland. 

Clevelaiul,  Henry  K.,  1808-1848,  son  of  Richard 
J.  Clevflaud,  {<:/.  v.)  Kcmarks  on  the  Classical  Education 
of  Boys,  by  a  Teacher,  1S34.  Life  of  Henry  Hudson,  in 
Sparks's  Amer.  Biog.,  vol.  x.,  1838.  Address  delivered  before 
the  Harvard  Musical  Association,  1840,  Svo.  A  Letter  to 
Hon.  Daniel  Webster  on  the  Causes  of  the  Destruction  of 
the  Steamer  Lexington,  by  a  Traveller,  1840.  Mr.  C. 
contrib.  several  papers  to  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  New  England 
Magazine,  and  other  jcmrnals.  A  selection  of  his  writings, 
with  a  Memoir  by  Geo.  S.  Hillard,  was  printed  for  private 
distribution  after  his  death,  Boston.  1844,  12mo. 

"He  was  an  accomplished  scholar,  particularly  in  the  ancient 
classics." — J-\!tF.D  Spabkju.  LL.D. 

Cleveland,  John.     See  Cleaveland. 

Cleveland,  PaiUer,     See  Cleavelajjd. 

Cleveland,  Richard  J.,  father  of  Henry  R.  Cleve- 
land. A  Narrative  of  Voyages  and  Commercial  Enter- 
prises. Camb.,  1842,  2  vols.  12mo.  Several  edits,  also  re- 
pub,  in  Eug. 

"  The  result  of  long  experience  in  practical  navigation  in  various 
parts  of  the  woild,  replete  with  intcreKtiug  incidents  and  judi- 
cious remarks,  and  written  in  a  clear  and  forcible  style." — Jared 
Sparks.  LL.D. 

Clever,  or  Cleaver,  William.  A  Knowledge  for 
Kings,  &c. ;  trans,  into  English,  Lon.,  1574,  8voj  a  theo- 
logical treati.'je. 

Clever,\Villiani.  Flower  of  Physicke.  Lon.,  1590, 4to. 

CUHbrd.     Introduc.  to  Geography,  1682,  Svo. 

Clifford,  Abr.     Methodus  Evangelica,  1676,  Svo. 

Cliflord,  Anne,  Countess  of  Dorset  and  Pembroke, 
1580-1676,  daughter  of  the  famous  Earl  of  Cumberland, 
and  author  of  the  most  celebrated  letter  by  a  female  in  the 
English  language,  is  commended  by  Mr.  Pennant  as  the 
most  eminent  person  of  her  age  for  intellectual  accomplish- 
ments, for  spirit,  magnificence,  and  deeds  of  benevolence. 
She  erected  a  monument  to  Daniel  the  historian,  another 
to  Spenser,  founded  two  hospitals,  and  repaired  or  built 
seven  churches  and  si.x  castles. 

"  She  knew  well  how  to  discourse  of  all  things,  from  predestina- 
tion to  slea-silk." — Dr.  Dosne. 

Bishop  Rainbow  commends  the  countess  as  of 

"Great  understanding  and  judgment,  faithful  memory,  and 
ready  wit." 

Horace  Walpole  ascribes  to  her  pen  Memoirs  of  her  Hus- 
band, Richard,  Earl  of  Dorset,  never  printed.  Sundry  Me- 
morials of  Herself  and  her  Progenitors.  The  famous  lett«r 
referred  to  above  was  in  answer  to  Sir  Joseph  Williamson, 
Secretary  of  State  to  Charles  the  Second,  who  took  the 
liberty  of  nominating  to  her  a  member  for  the  borough  of 
Appleby.     The  countess  settled  the  matter  on  this  wise : 

"I  have  boon  bullied  by  an  usurper,  I  have  been  neglected  by 
a  court;   but  I  will  not  be  dictated  to  by  a  subject:  yovu"  mau 


CLl 


CLO 


shan't  stand  !"—7n  T!,e  Win-Id,  Nb.li;  see  Park's 'Walpole's R.  4  N. 
Auth'trs. 

Clifford,  Arthur.     Tixall  Poetry,  pub.  by  Sir  Walter 

ScotI,  Ellin.,  lsl;i,  4to. 

"OTer  this  Aston  speculation  the  KdinburRh  Review  of  the 
Sadler  has  thrown  a  heavy  cloud;  the  fiict  is.  it  seems  to  me  to 
have  ruined  it." — James  Ballanlyne  to  Sir  W.  Scott. 

See  an  account  of  this  vol.  in  Drake's  Evenings  in  Au- 
tumn. History  of  Tixall,  Paris,  IS  17.  Carmen  Seculare, 
1814,  Svo.  Collect.anca  Cliffordiana,  Paris,  1.S17,  8vo. 
State  Papers  and  Letters  of  Sir  Ralph  Sadler:  with  a  Me- 
moir and  Notes,  by  Sir  W.  Scott,  Edin.,  1809,  '10,  2  vols. 
4to,  or  3  vols.  r.  4to. 

"  Written  with  all  that  lively  solicitude  about  points  of  antiqua- 
rian detail  which  accompanied  him  throuf^h  so  many  tasks  less 
attractive  than  the  personal  career  of  a  distinguished  statesman 
intimately  connected  with  tlie  fortunes  of  Mary,  Queen  of  Scots." 
— J.  G.  LOCKHART. 

Cliil'ord,  Charles.      Remarks    on    Lord    Thurluw's 
Speech,  17SS.     Tlie  Angler;  a  liidactic  Poem,  1804. 
Clifford,  Chr.     Schole  of  Horsemanship,  Lon.,  4to. 
Clifford,  George,  third  Earl  of  Cumberland,  1558- 
1605,  the  champion  of  Queen  Elizabeth  in  the  tournaments 
of  the  day,  also  distinguished  himself  as  a  navigator.    See 
Biog.  Brit.     The  Discov.  and  Con.  of  Peru,  Lon.,  1581, 4to. 
Clifford,  Francis.     Ruins  of  Tiv<di,  1804,  4to. 
Clifford,  Henry,  E.arl  of  Cunil)erland.     Deck  as  Lt. 
Col.  of  his  Majesty's  Forces  in  Yorkshire,  Lon.,  1642,  4to. 
Clifford,  Heiiry.     Political  treatises,  1790-1807. 
Clifford,  J.  B.     The  Church's  Triumph;  a  Sermon. 

■■  Let  the  Church  calmly  prepare  for  that  tremendous  final  con- 
test between  good  and  evil  to  which  all  things  seem  hiistening  with 
rapidity."— Sii/iop  nf  Oi/onrs  Charge,  p.  36,  M.ay,  1S42. 
Clifford,  James.     Serms.,  1694,  12mo. 

Clifford,James.  Services  and.^nthems,1663  or '64, Svo. 

■•  To  this  book.  Xnl.  il  Wood  and  others  frequently  refer  in  speak- 
ing of  our  choral  music.  It  contains  the  words  of  the  services  and 
anthems  of  near  seventy  of  our  church  composers,  whose  works 
were  in  use  in  the  cathedrals  soon  after  the  restoration." — Lowndes. 

Clifford,  Jeronimy.     Case,  ic.,  Lon.,  1768. 

Clifford,  M.  M.     1.  Egypt.     2.  Poems,  1802,  'OS. 

Clifford,  Martin,  d.  1677.  01«ervations  on  Human 
Reason,  Lon.,  1675,  Svo.  Treatise  of  Human  Reason, 
Lon..  1676,  12mo.  An  Apology  for  this  treatise,  by  Albcr- 
tus  Warren,  ICSO,  12mo.  The  Treatise  will  be  found  in 
the  Phoenix,  vok  ii..  No.  2,  23,  and  in  the  Harleian  Miscel- 
lany, vok  is.  Notes  upon  Mr.  Drydeu's  Poems,  1687,  4to. 
See  Athen.  O.xon. 

Clifford,Rob.  History  of  Jacobinism,  from  the  French 
of  Barruel,  1789,  4  vols.  Svo. 

"The  best  account  of  the  exertions  of  the  French  Philosophers 
to  produce  a  new  order  of  things  in  Church  and  State,  will  bo 
found  in  these  Memoirs." — Ch.irles  Butler. 

To  this  work  should  be  added  the  paper  entitled  Revo- 
lution de  Paris,  pub.  from  1789-94,  giving  original  accounts 
of  events  as  they  transpired  from  day  to  day.  A  complete 
Bet  of  this  paper,  bound  in  14  vols.  Svo,  was  lately  offered 
for  sale:  it  rarely  occurs.  Add  to  these  Prudhomme's 
Crimes  of  the  French  Revolution,  1796,  6  vols.  Svo.  Clif- 
ford also  pub.  The  French  in  Russia,  1813,  fob  sheet. 

Clifford,  Samuel.  Melancholy;  from  Baxter, Lon., 
1716.  Svo.     Dissuasive  from  Perjury,  1723,  Svo. 

Clifford,  W.     Farmer's  Sure  (iuide,  1796.  12mo. 

Clifford,  William.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1682,  4to. 

Cliffton,  William,  1772-1799,  of  Philadelphia,  wrote 
a  Poetical  Epistle  to  William  GifTord.  Escj.,  which  has  been 
much  admired.  He  commenced  a  poem  entitled  The  Chi- 
meriad,  which  was  not  completed.  A  vol.  of  his  poems 
was  pub.  in  New  York,  1800,- 12mo. 

Clift,  Henry.  Book  of  Declarations,  Pleadings,  Ju- 
dicial Writs,  ic,  1703,  fol. 

Clift,William,  Pliysiolog.  Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1815. 

Clifton,  Francis,  M.D.  Hippocrates,  a  trans,  of 
Lon.,  1727,  fol. 

"  A  taithiul  translation." 

Other  medical  works. 

Clifton,  Jo.     Serm..  1703,  4to. 

Clinch,  J.  B.  An  Inquiry,  legalandpolitical,lS0S,8vo 

Clinch,  William,  M.D.  Prof,  treatises,  &c.,  1724-60 

Cline,  Henry,  Surgeon.  Essay  on  the  Form  and 
Breeding  of  Domestic  Animals,  Lon.,  1815,  Svo,  pp.  14 

"The  contents  describe  very  correctly  the  forms  and  bulk's  of  the 
dltferont  parts  of  the  animal  organization,  deduced  from  experience 
and  anatomical  principles.  The  author's  ideas  have  ever  been  held 
to  ba  very  correct;  and  if  he  had  enlarged  upon  the  subject  his 
time  would  have  been  well  spent,  and  the  labour  of  readiu'i-  would 
be  profitably  emf\oyL-A:'—Donnldson'sAgriciat.Biog.,LoJi.,Wbi  Svo 

Clinton,  C.  J.  F.     21  Serms.,  Lon.,  1842,  p.  Svo. 

"This  volume  will  be  a  great  fiivourite  with  many."— OAurcA 
and  SlutJ',  Gmetlr. 

_  Clinton,  De  Witt,  1769-1S2S,  a  distinguished  Ame- 
rican statesman,  pub.  Discourses  before  N.  York  Hist.  Soc, 


1811;  Lit.  and  Phil.  Soc.  N.  Y.,  1SI6;  Amer.  AcaJ.  of 
Arts,  1816;  Phi  Beta  Kappa  Soc.,  1823:  Amer.  Bible  .'^oc, 
1823,  '25;  to  The  Freemasons,  1825.  Hibernicus'  Letters 
on  the  Natural  History  and  Internal  Resources  of  the  State 
of  New  York.  1822,  Svo.  Life  and  Writings  of,  Ijy  W.  W. 
Campbell,  N.  York,  1849,  Svo.  Lilo  and  Times  of,  Buffalo. 
Life  of,  Ijy  Prof.  Renwick,  N.  York,  ISmo.  Memoirs  of, 
by  David  Hosack,  N.  York,  4to. 

Clinton,  Sir  Henry,  d.  1795,  an  English  officer  who 
served  in  the  American  War.  Narrative  of  his  conduct  in 
America,  Lou.,  1783,  Svo.  Observations  on  Earl  Corn- 
wallis's  Answer  to  the  Narrative.  1783,  Svo.  Letter  to  the 
Commissioners,  1 784,  Svo.  Observations  on  Stedman's  Hist. 
American  War,  1794,  4to. 

Clinton,  Henry  Fynes,  1781-1S52,  b.  at  Gamston, 
Nottinghamshire,  a  distinguished  classical  scholar.  1. 
Fasti  Hellenici:  The  Civil  and  Literary  Chronology  of 
Greece,  Oxford,  three  parts  in  3  vols.  4tu,  1834-51. 

"Indispensable  to  the  right  understanding  of  Ancient  History. 
It  is  such  a  work  as  the  poet  Gray  felt  the  necessity  of,  and  which 
he  once  had  the  intention  of  executing." 

2.  Fasti  Romani:  The  Civil  and  Literary  Chronology 
of  Rome  and  Constantinople,  Oxf.,  1815,  '50,  2  vols.  4to. 
3.  Epitome  of  the  Civil  and  Literary  Chronology  of  Greece, 
Oxford,  1851,  Svo.  4.  Epitome  of  the  Civil  and  Literary 
Chronology  of  Rome,  Oxford,  185.3,  Svo.  Nos.  3  and  4  are 
abridgments  of  1  and  2.  See  Lit.  Rem.  of  H.  F.  C,  by 
C.  J.  F.  Clinton,  1S54. 

Clinton,  W.  Henry,  Maj.  Genl.  Remarks  relative 
to  the  Operation  of  the  British  Army  in  Spain,  1809,  Svo. 

Clipperton,  John.  Voy.age  to  the  South  Seas  and 
East  Indies  in  1719.  See  Callander's  Voyages,  iii.  444, 176G. 

Clipsham,  Robert.  The  Grand  Expedient  for  sup- 
pressing Popery  Examined ;  or  the  Project  of  Exclusioa 
proved  to  be  contrary  to  reason  and  religion,  Lon.,  1685,  Svo. 

Clissold,  Augustus.  Illustrations  of  the  End  of  the 
Church,  Lon.,  1841,  Svo.  Two  works  on  the  writings  of 
Swedenborg,  1842, 1  vol. ;  1851,  4  vols.  Svo.  Apocalyptical 
Interpretation,  1845,  2  vols.  Svo.  Expos,  of  the  Apocalypse, 
1851,  4  vols.  Svo. 

Clissold,  Henry.  Last  Days  of  Eminent  Christians, 
Lon.,  Svo,  1848.  Family  Worship,  Svo.  Prophecies  of 
Christ  and  Christian  Times,  Svo.  Last  Hours  of  Scripture 
AVomen,  1851,  12mo. 

Clive,  Catherine,  1711-17S5,  an  eminent  English 
actress.  Case  of  Mrs.  Clive  submitted  to  the  Public,  Lou., 
1744,  Svo.  She  introduced  a  i'Qvi  "petite  pieces  on  the 
stage."  See  Biog.  Dramat. ;  Davies's  Life  of  Garrick.  vol.  ii. 

Clive, J.H.  Marvor's  Stenography abbrev.,1811,12mo. 

Clive,  Kobert.     Serm.,  1770,  Svo. 

Clive,  Robert,  Lord,  Baron  of  Plassey,  1725- 
1774.  A  Letter  to  the  Proprietors  of  the  East  India  Stock, 
Lon.,  1764,  Svo.  Speech  in  House  of  Commons  relative  to 
the  E.  India  Company,  1773,  4to.  Charles  Caraecioll  wrote 
a  life  of  Lord  Clive,  Lon.,  1775,  '76,  4  vols.  Svo.  which  Dr. 
Watt  compliments  as  "a  confused  jumble."  Sir  John  Mal- 
colm pub.  in  1836,  3  vols.  Svo,  a  life  of  Lord  Clive,  col- 
lected from  the  Family  Papers. 

"The  love  of  Sir  John  Malcolm  passes  the  love  of  biograpliers." — 
Rcvicvi  hy  T.  S.  Macaulay,  Edin.  Sev.,  Jan.  1840. 

The  Rev.  Mr.  Gleig  also  has  presented  the  public  with  a 
memoir  of  Lord  Clive. 

Clodius,  John.    Dissertatio,  Ac.  Politicis,  Lon.,  1658. 

Clogie,  Alexander.     Vox  Corvi.  Lon.,  1694.  12mo. 

Cloke,  Thomas.    De  Atrophia,  Lugd.  Bat,  1675,  4to. 

Close,  Francis,  Archdeacon  of  Carlisle,  formerly 
Vicar  of  Cheltenham.  Discourses  on  Genesis,  Lon.,  1826, 
Svo;  6th  ed.,  1841,  12m<y. 

"It  contains  full,  clear,  and  striking  Expositions  and  Illustra- 
tions of  divine  truth." — Lon.  Chrisfiun  Guardian. 

Miscellaneous  Serms.,  1840,  2  vols.  Svo.  52  Sketches  of 
Serms.,  1842,  Svo.     Other  works,  1840^3. 

"Close  is  a  popular  and  admired  pre:icher.  His  discourses  af^ 
ford  a  aithful  exposition  of  the  doctrines  of  the  evangelical  school 
in  the  Church  of  England." — Lowndes. 

Close,Henry  J.  Fam.Prayers,Lon.,18mo;  2ded.lS41. 

"  Well  adapted  for  the  purposes  of  tamily  prayer." — Lon.  Gospel 
Mofjanne. 

Close,  William.  Con.  to  Nic.  Jour.,  1800,  '01,  '02, 
'05;  Natural  Philos.  and  Chemistry. 

Closse, George.  The  Parricide  Papist.  Lon.,  1606,4to. 

Clossy,  Samuel.     Diseases  of  the  Body,  1763,  Svo. 

Clough,  Arthur  H.,  Fellow  aud  Tutor  in  Oriel  Col- 
lege, Oxford,  and  late  Professor  in  University  College, 
London.  The  Bothie  of  Toper-Nit-Fuosich :  a  Long  Va- 
cation Pastoral.  Lon..  1848,  2  vols.  Svo.  Plutarch's  Lives; 
the  trans,  called  Drydcn's,  corrected  from  the  Greek,  and 
revised  by  A.  H.  C.  Messrs.  Little.  Brown  &  Co.,  of 
Boiton,  Mass.,  will  shortly  issue  this  work  in  5  vols.  Svo. 


CLO 


'  Cloiish,  Henry  J.,  M.D.    Midwifery,  Lon.,  8vo.       I 
flough,  Jam»'^s.    Diseasesof  Children.  Ac,  17tl6,8vo. 
C'louit,  Thomas.     Sermons,  1806,  '1)9,  8vo. 
Clowes,  John,  1743-1831,  Fellow  of  Trinity  College, 
Cambridge,  Rector  of  St.  John's,  Manchester,  1769.     New 
Jerusalem  Sermons,  Lon.,  1796,  2  vols.  8vo.     This  divine 
pub.  several  other  works  in  defence  of  the  doctriues  of 
Swedeuborg. 

Clowes,VVllliam,  an  eminent  English  surgeon  temp. 
Elizabeth,  pub,  several  professional  treatises,  the  best  of 
which  is  The  Approved  Practice  for  all  young  Chirurgeons, 
1591,  '96,  and  1637,  4to, 

"  lie  is  a  strong  advocate  for  writing  medical  and  rhirurgical 
books  in  the  vernacular  hiUfiuage,  and  bis  practice  was  always  in- 
genious, and  often  successful." 

Clubbe,  J.,  Surgeon.    Profess,  treatises,  1778,  '86,  8vo. 
Clubbe,    John.     Serm.,   1751,  4to.     Hist,  and  Anti- 
quities of  the  ancient  Villa  of  Whatfield,  in  the  county  of 
.Suffolk,  1758. 

"A  Piece  of  excellent  Irony,  at  the  expense  of  Modern  Antiqua- 
ries."— Da.  Watt. 

A  Letter,  1763.  Physiognomy.  Miscell.  Tracts.,  1770, 
2  vols.  12mo. 

Clubbe,  William,  d.  1814,  aged  70.  Trans.  Ac.  from 
Horace,  Lon.,  1795,  '97,  4to.  Omnium,  179.8,  8vo.  Other 
works,  1804,  '06. 

Cliinie,  James.     Sufferings  of  Christ,  Lon.,  1810. 
Cluiiie,  John.     The  Storm  Improved,  ISIO. 
Cluny,  Alexander.     The  American  Traveller,  Lon., 
1769,  4to;  reprinted,  1770,  in  French,  1783. 

"  The  author  was  the  first  to  give  accurate  intelligence  of  Hud- 
sou's  Bay.  and  to  institute  an  inquiry  about  a  more  successful 
cnuuuerce  with  the  Ameiicans.  The  book  was  said  to  have  been 
putilislied  under  the  auspices  of  Lord  Chath.am:  and  both  the 
Kugtish  and  .\meiic,-ins.  at  that  crisis,  were  so  ea^er  to  possess  it, 
that  it  was  bout:lit  ;mhI  read  by  one  party  with  the  same  avidity 
that  it  w.^s  bou-bt  :nia  d.stroyed  by  the  other.  It  now  rests  in 
peace:  an  example  (if  ten  thousand  others  were  wanting)  of  the 
short-lived  popularity  of  '  things  mundane.' " — Dihdm's  Library 
Companion ;  q.  v.  for  an  account  of  Cluny's  travels. 

"Even  in  1775,  according  to  Daiues  Barrington,  it  was  a  book 
not  commonly  to  be  met  with." — Rich's  Bibiiotkeca  Americana 
iV'«'(i ;  5-  y-  for  the  full  title. 

Clutterbuck,  Henry,  M.D.  Prof,  treat,,  1794-1807. 
Clutterbuck,  J.  Liturgy.  1694.  Psiilms,  1702. 
Clutterbuck,  Robert,  1772-1S:U.  an  eminent  anti- 
quary and  topographer,  a  native  of  Watford,  Hertfordshire, 
w.as  educated  at  Exeter  College,  O.iford,  The  Hist,  and 
Antiquities  of  the  County  of  Hertford,  Lon.,  1S15,  '21,  '27, 
r.  fol. ;  3  vols.  pub.  at  £25  4s. ;  large  paper,  with  proof 
plat«s,  £47  5s.  This  work  was  the  labour  of  18  years.  He 
draws  from  Chauncy  where  the  history  of  the  latter  suits 
his  purpose. 

'■  This  elegant  aud  complete  History  will  band  down  his  name 
In  honourable  connection  with  his  native  county,  to  the  latest 
posterity.  The  plates  have  never  been  surpassed  in  any  similar 
publication,  whether  we  consider  the  appropriateness  of  the  em- 
bellishmeuts,  or  the  beauty  and  fidelity  of  their  execution." — Lon. 
Gent.  Mag. ;  see  Review  of  vob  i.  in  vol.  Ixxxvi. ;  of  vol.  ii.  in  vol. 
Xci.;  and  of  vol.  iii.  in  vol.  xcvii. 

Clutterbuck,  Thomas.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1687,  4to. 
Clutton,  John.     Serm.,  Lon..  1789,  8vo. 
Clutton,  Josejih.     Med.  treatises,  Lon.,  1729,  '36. 
Clyfton,  Richard.     Baptizing  Infants,  1610,  4to. 
Clyfton,  William.     Advertisement,  Ac,  1612,  4to; 
rel.  to  the  '*  English  exiled  Church  at  Amstcrd.am." 

Clymer,  Meredith,  M.D.  On  Fevers ;  edit,  with  ad- 
dits.  from  Tweedic's  Library  of  Pract.  Medicine,  Phila., 
1846,  8vo.  Fourth  Amer.  ed.  of  C.  J.  B.  Willi.ams's  Prin- 
ciples of  Medicine,  Pbila.,  1854,  8vo ;  also  editor  of  AVil- 
liams's  work  on  Fevers,  and  of  his  Treatises  on  Diseases 
of  the  Respiratory  Organs,  both  pub.  in  Phila.,  8vo. 
Coachman, Robert.  Churchof  Christ,  Lon. ,1642, 4to. 
Coad,  John.  A  Memorandum  of  the  wonderful  Pro- 
vidences of  God  to  a  poor  unworthy  Creature,  (from  12th 
of  June,  1685,  unto  the  24th  of  November,  1690,)  in  and 
after  the  Revolution  hetweene  the  Duke  of  Monmouth  and 
King  J.ames.     By  John  Coad,  Lon.,  1849,  8vo. 

"The  best  account  of  the  sufferings  of  those  rebels  who  were 
sentenced  to  transpoi'tation  is  to  be  found  in  a  very  curious  nar- 
rative written  by  .Tohu  Coad,  an  honest  God-fe,iring  cai-penter,  who 
-joined  Monmouth,  was  badly  wounded  at  Philip's  Norton,  was 
tried  by  .Teffreys,  and  was  sent  to  Jamaica.  Tlie  original  manu- 
script was  kindly  lent  to  mo  by  Mr.  Phippard,  to  whom  it  belongs." 
—Macaulat/'s  England^  vol.  i.  p.  647,  inote) 

Coad,  Joseph.     1.  Finance.     2.  Taxation,  1804,  '06. 
Coakley,  John  Lettsom.  Account  of  the  late  John 
f  othergill,  M.D.,  Lon.,  17s:',.  8vo. 

Coates,  Benjamin  H.,  M.D..  b.  at  Philadelphia, 

1787,      Cases,  Memoirs,   Essays,   Pamphlets    for   private 

Distribution,  and  Courses  of  public  Lectures.     Coutribu- 

tions  to  Chapman's  Medical  Journal,  1819-26,  and  to  the 

393 


COB 

North  American  (medical)  Journal,  of  which  be  was  one 
of  the  founders  ;  pub.  1826-31,  12  vols.  Courses  of  Lce- 
tjires  on  Physiology,  the  Practice  of  Medicine,  and  on 
Bandages.  Clinical  Courses  on  Medicine  in  the  Penna. 
Hospital,  1828-41.  Two  Courses  of  Physiological  Experi- 
ments tin  Absorption,  with  Drs.  Lawrauce  and  Harlan, 
Dr.  Coates  being  reporter,  1821-2.  On  a  Machine  bed  for 
Fractures.  On  Gangrene  of  the  Mouth  of  Children.  On 
Delirium  Tremens.  On  the  Mortality  of  the  Coloured  Po- 
pulation in  Separate  Imprisonment.  On  the  Origin  of  the 
American  Indian  Races.  On  the  Larva  of  the  Hessian 
Fly.  A  Memoir  of  Thomas  Say,  the  naturalist.  A  De- 
scription of  a  Hydrostatic  Balance,  dispensing  with  Cal- 
culation. An  Oration  on  Certainty  in  Medicine,  1830 ;  an- 
ticipating by  several  years  the  modern  Arithmetical  School. 
Coates,  Charles.  History  and  Antiquities  of  Read- 
ing, with  Supplement,  Lon.,  1802.     Reading,  1810,  4to. 

Coates,  or  Cotes,  Digby,  Public  Orator  of  the  Uni- 
versity of  Oxford,  appears  to  have  partly  executed  the 
trans,  revised  by  Wotton  of  Du  Pin's  Hist,  of  Eecles. 
AVriters,  pub.  in  Lonilon,  1097-1725.  17  vols,  in  7.  An 
cd.  which  is  preferred,  but  which  comes  down  only  to  the 
end  of  the  16th  century,  was  printed  by  Gricrson,  Dubl., 
1722-24,  3  vols,  fob 

"  Du  riu  was  a  laborious,  and.  for  a  Catholic,  a  liberal,  writer; 
the  work  is  full  of  erudition." — Hisnop  Watsox.  , 

"  It  is  uncinestionably  the  most  standard  work  of  that  kind  ex- 
tant, whatever  debcii'ncirs  may  have  been  found  in  its  execution." 
— Hallam  :  Lit.  Hist,  of  Europe,. 

Coates  pub.  Oratio,  Ac,  Chris.  Codrington,  Oxon.,  1716, 
8to.     Sermon,  1713;  15  ditto,  1721,  8vo. 

Coates,  Reynell,  M.D.,  b.  1802,  Philadelphia,  sur- 
geon, naturalist,  and  political,  scientific,  and  popular  es- 
sayist and  lecturer.  Popular  Medicine,  8vo,  Phil.  Phy- 
siology for  Schools,  12mo,  Phil.,  1840.  Nat.  Philos.  for 
Schools,  12mo,  Phil.,  1845.  Monographs.  Reviews,  Ac, 
in  N.  A.  Med.  .and  Surg.  Jimr..  Amcr.  Jour,  of  Med.  and 
Phys.  Sci.,  Jour,  of  Acad.  Nat,  Sci.,  Phil.  Cycl.  of  Prac. 
Med.  and  Surg.,  1826-40.  Ed.  of  many  Journals  and  An- 
nuals, c.  ry.  Leaflets  of  Memory,  1845-63.  Anth.  of  Na- 
tive American  N.ation.al  Address,  1845.  Founder  of  the 
Patriotic  Order  of  the  United  Sons  of  America.  1845. 
Coats,  James.  Diet,  of  Heraldry.  Lon..  1725.  '39,  8vo. 
Coatsworth,  Edw.  De  Variolis,  Tr£ij.  ad  Rhcn., 
1708,  4to. 

Coatsworth, W.  Pharmacopoeia Paupennn,  1718, 8vo. 
Cob,  Chris.     The  Sect  spoken  against;  or  the  Doc- 
trine of  Ely,  Lon.,  1651,  8vo. 

Cobb,  James,  1756-1813,  a  dramatic  poet,  author  of 
the  Humourist,  Strangers  at  Homo,  1786,  and  other  dra- 
matic works.     See  Biog.  Dramat. 

Cobb,  John.   8  Sermons,  Bamp.  Leet.,  Oxf.,  1783,  8vo. 
Cobb,  Lyman,  an  American  writer,  is   favourably 
known  as  the  author  of  a  series  of  Piqmlar  Readers, 

Cobb,  Samuel,  d.  1713,  of  Trinity  College,  Cam- 
bridge. Collections  of  Poems.  1707.  Carpenter  of  Oxf., 
(1712,  Svo.)  and  the  JliUer's  Talc,  from  Chaucer.  Trans, 
of  the  Muscipula.  The  Oak  and  the  Briar;  a  Tale.  The 
Female  Reign,  in  Dodsley's  Collec,  aud  in  Gent,  Mag., 
1753,  with  .alterations  by  Dr.  Watts. 

Cobb,   Sylvanus,  Jr.,  b.  1823,  Waterville,   Maine, 
son  of  Kev.  Sylvanus  Cobb.  ed.  and  prop,  of  the  Christian 
Freemau,  Boston;  was   editor    and   publisher  of  a  paper 
called  The  Rechabite;  also  edited  the  New  England  Wash- 
ingtonian,  Boston.     H.as  principally  contributed  to  Glea- 
son's  Pictorial,  Flag  of  our  Union,  and  is  now  (1858)  en- 
gaged in  writing  for  the  N.Y.  Lodger,  (circulation  350,000 
copies  weekly.)     Upwards  of  twenty  novelettes  have  beer 
republished  from  his  newspaper-writings. 
Cobb,  Thomas.    His  Case,  fol. 
Cobbe.     Prophecies,  Signs,  and  Tokens,  1614,  4to.     ' 
Cobbe,  Richard.     Bombay  Church,  1765,  8vo. 
Cobbet,  Thomas,  1608-1685,  a  Nonconformist  di- 
vine, emigrated  to  New  England,  and  there  died.     Sclf- 
Emjiloyment  in  Secret. 
"  Edifying  and  consoling."— Bickeusteth. 
On  Infant  Baptism,  Lon.,  1648,  4to. 
"A  large,  nervous,  golden  discourse." — .Mather. 
M.agistr.ate's   Power  in  Matters  of  Religion,  1C53,  4to. 
Prayer,  1654.  Svo.     Discourse,  1656,  8vo. 

Cobbett,William,  1762-1835,  a  voluminous  political 
writer,  was  the  son  of  a  farmer  and  publican  at  Farnbam, 
in  Surrey.  He  ran  away  from  his  father,  enlisted  as  a 
soldier,  .and  served  for  some  time  in  Nova  Scotia  and  New 
Brunswick.  Returning  to  England,  he  received  his  dis- 
charge, and  in  1792  visited  France,  from  whence  he  sailed 
for  America,  arriving  in  New  York  in  October  of  the  same 
year.     In  1796  he  settled  in  Philadelphia,  and,  establish- 


(50B 


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irin;  Poter  Porcupine's  Gazette,  took  a  lively  interest  in  the 
political  questions  of  the  clay.  Ili.s  intemperfinec  in  con- 
troversy provoked  suits  for  slander  by  Dr.  Rush  and  others, 
and  the  satirist  was  fined  the  sum  of  $5000.  The  works 
of  Peter  Porcupine,  1783-1801,  in  12  vols.  8vo,  Lon.,  1801, 
should  be  carefully  perused  by  the  student  of  American 
history. 

"  Ciil.bett,  in  these  volumes,  has  li^ft  a  picture  of  the  politics  and 
It-adin;;  politicians  of  America,  whii'h  (with  caution)  must  be  stu- 
died by  all  who  would  uiulcrstand  the  party  questions  with  which 
thev  were  discussed." — Kent. 

in  ISOO  he  sailed  for  England,  where  he  started  The 
Porcupine,  an  advocate  of  Mr.  Pitt,  lie  subseiiuently 
established  The  Weekly  Register,  in  which  he  communi- 
cated with  the  public  fur  thirty  years.  In  1817  he  again 
visited  America,  in  consequence  of  the  Six  Acts.  These 
■were  repealeil  in  ISIU,  and  the  exile  returned,  carrying 
with  him  the  bones  of  the  notorious  Tom  Paine,  for  which 
riddance  America  owes  Cobbett's  memory  no  little  respect. 
In  1832  the  noisy  gentleman  was  returned  to  Parliament, 
where,  by  a  wonderful  metamorphosis,  like  Bottom  in  the 
Play,  he  "roared  as  gently  as  any  sucking  dove."  He 
died  at  his  farm  in  Surrey,  June  18,  1835.  His  Political 
Works,  being  an  Abridgment  of  100  vols,  which  compose 
the  writings  of  Peter  Porcupine,  and  The  Weekly  Political 
Register,  with  Notes  by  his  S<ins,  were  pub.  in  1812,  Lon., 
6  vols.  8vo  j  to  1848,  9  vols.  He  also  wrote  the  Emigrant's 
Guide;  Poor  Man's  Friend;  Cottage  Economy;  Village 
Sermons;  An  English  Grammar;  A  Grammar  to  teach 
Frenchmen  the  English  Language;  Trans,  of  Marten's 
Law  of  Nations;  A  Year's  Residence  in  America;  Par- 
liamentary History  of  England  to  1S03,  12  vols.,  and  De- 
bates, 1803-10,  16  vols,  royal  8vo ;  and  some  other  works. 
See  a  list  of  his  pamphlets,  &c.,  in  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit. ;  a 
memoir  in  Gent.  Mag.,  Aug.  1835,  and  a  notice  in  the 
Lon.  Times,  same  year.  See  Donaldson's  Agricult.  Biog. 
for  a  notice  of  Cobbett's  works  on  Agriculture  and  Horti- 
culture :  Cottage  Economy,  Lon.,  1822,  8vo.  An  edit,  of 
TuU's  Horse-hoeing  Husbandry,  1822.  Rural  Rides,  Ac.; 
Tho  Woodlands,  or  a  Treatise  on  Planting,  1825,  8vo. 
Treatise  on  Cobbett's  Corn,  1828,  8vo. 

"  This  author  did  not  in  any  way  advance  the  practice  of  agri- 
culture, either  by  preceptor  example;  but  he  adorned  the  parts 
that  have  been  mentioned,  by  bis  homely  knowledge  of  tho  art. 
and  most  agreeable  delineation.  He  did  not  grasp  the  art  as  a 
comprehensive  whole,  nor  did  he  aspire  to  the  higher  branches, 
among  which  to  indulge  a  lofty  seat  of  view  and  ideal  elevation." 
— D'maldson''s  AijrtcuU.  Biog. 

The  following  is  a  specimen  of  the  compliments  with 
which  controversial  writers  must  expect  to  be  occasionally 
favoured : 

'•  He  is  a  man  filled  with  odium  humnni  grnens.  His  malevo- 
lence and  lying  are  beyond  any  thing." — Jeremv  Bentham. 

*'  The  general  characteristics  of  his  style  were  perspicuity  un- 
equalled and  inimitable:  a  homely,  muscular  vigour,  a  purity,  al- 
ways simple,  and  raciness,  often  elegant." — L<jn.  Times. 

"The  style  of  Cobbett  is  the  perfection  of  the  rough  Saxon 
English,  and  a  model  of  Political  Writings  for  the  People." 

Cobbin,  Ingrain.  Child's  Commentator,  Lon.,  7  vols. 
18mo;  new  ed.  1851,  1  vol.  sq. 

"  It  is  distinguished  by  a  praiseworthy  simplicity  and  plainness, 
both  iu  the  ideas  and  the  phraseology." — Lownpfs. 

The  French  Preacher;  Serms.  trans,  from  the  French 
Divines,  Lon.,  1816,  8vo. 

*■  Containing  much  Biographical  and  Ilistoric^il  information.  .  .  . 
Mr.  Home  considers  Cobbin's  notices  of  French  Sermons  as  very 
candid  and  correct" — Bickersteth. 

Reformed  Church  of  France,  Lon.,  1816,  8vo.  An  edit, 
of  Albert  Barnes's  Exposition  of  the  New  Testament,  Lon., 
9  vols.  12mo,  1853.  Condensed  Comment,  on  the  Bible;  with 
upwards  of  .^0,000  Notes,  Lon.,  imp.  Svo,  and  r.  4to,  1837; 
2d  edit.,  1839,  and  later  edits.  (A  Portable  Commentary 
in  12mo.)  Of  this  excellent  work  there  are  lying  before 
us  commendations  from  perhaps  35  to  40  authorities.  We 
have  room  for  but  two  or  three. 

"It  i.s  derived  from  the  best  accessible  sourpes."' — T.  11.  IIobne. 

"  The  most  valuable  book  of  the  kind  that  has  yet  appeared." — 
Lon.  Eclectic  Review. 

"  I  cannot  doubt  but  that  by  the  use  of  this  work  the  reading 
of  the  word  of  God  will  be  rendered  much  more  beneficial  to  all 
classes  in  the  present  active  and  inquiring  age." — Rev.  J.  Pye 
Smith.  LL.D. 

The  Domestic  Bible,  imp.  Svo,  1849,  '52. 
•*  All  the  chief  religious  periodicals  of  the  day  have,  without 
exception,  concert,  or  collusion,  employed  the  most  superlative  ex- 
pressions th.it  language  supplies,  in  praise  of  this  work." — Lon. 
Cltri.*itian  Witufss. 
Mr.  C.  has  pub.  many  educational  and  religious  works. 
Cobbold,   Elizabeth.     Waterloo ;   an  Ode,  Lon., 
3815,  4to. 

Cobbold,  John  S.     Theolog.  treatises,  1797-1815. 
Cobbold,  Richard.      Zenon,  the  Martyr,  Lon.,  2d 
ed.,  1849,  3  vols.  p.  Svo. 


"The  incidents  of  this  work  are  at  once  various  .and  striking; 
and  moral  and  religious  truths  of  great  importance  are  both  simply 
and  powerfully  expresst-d." — Lcti.  Messenger, 

Freston  Tower,  1852,  3  vols.  p.  Svo.  Voice  from  the 
Mount:   Pastoral  Letters.  1848,  12mo. 

"  It  may  be  read  to  edification  by  every  age." — Church  and  State 
Gazette. 

Mary  Anne  Wellington,  new  ed.,  1853,  12mo.  Hist,  of 
Margt.  Catchpole,  p.  Svo  ;  new  ed.  1852,  Svo.    Other  works. 

Cobden,  Edward,  D.D.,  d.  1764,  educated  at  Trinity 
College,  Oxford,  removed  to  King's  College,  Cambridge. 
Scrms.,  1736,  '48,  '53.  Poems.  1748,  Svo.  Concio  ad 
Clcrum,  1753,  8vo.  Essays  and  Discourses,  1755,  '57,  4to. 
28  Discourses.  1757,  4to. 

Cobden,  Richard,  b.  1804,  at  Dunford,  Sussex,  M.P. 
for  Stockport,  1841-47.  and  for  the  West  Hiding,  1847-57, 
has  distinguished  himself,  in  aud  out  of  Parliament,  by  his 
efforts  for  the  repeal  of  tho  Corn-Laws  and  by  the  advocacy 
of  other  "political  reforms."  1.  England,  Ireland,  and 
America.  2.  Russia.  These  two  pamphlets  were  pub. 
about  1835.  3.  Extracts  fmm  the  Works  of  Col.  T.  Pcnm- 
not  Thompson.  This  anti-Corn-Law  pamjihlet  was  pub. 
about  1843.  4.  Speeches  delivered  during  1849,  12mo. 
5.  How  Wars  are  Got  Up  in  India:  the  Origin  of  tho 
Burmese  War,  1853  :  pamph.  6.  1793  and  1853  :  in  Three 
Letters,  1853:  pamph.     7.  What  Next?  1855:  pamph. 

Cocburuus,  ou<f/ice  Cockburii. 

Cochraii,WiHiam.  Serm.,1795.  Trans.,  L  A.,  ix.  133. 

Cochrane,  Alex,  Itaillie,  I\I.P.  Meditations  of 
Other  Days,  Lon.,  1841,  Svo.  The  Morea,  wilh  Remarks 
on  Greece.  1841,  p.  8vo.  Young  Italy,  1850,  p.  Svo.  Ernest 
Vane  ;  a  Novel,  2  vols.  p.  8vo. 

"  Ernest  Vane  is  of  high  merit  as  a  production  of  genius.  .  .  . 
Its  pages  abound  with  brilliancy  of  thought,  and  depth  of  feeling." 
— Lfrn.  Morning  I'ost. 

Cochrane,  Archibald,  Earl  of  Dundonald,  1749- 
1831.  an  eminent  chemist.  Manufacture  of  Salt,  Lon., 
1785,  Svo.  Coal  Tar.  and  Coal  Varnish,  1785,  Svo.  Me- 
morial, (fee.,  E.  I.  Company,  1786,  4to.  Agriculture  and 
Chemistry,  1795,  4to.    Chemistry  and  Agricultnre,1799, 4to. 

"  The  author  was  the  first  scientific  person  who  directed  atten- 
tion to  cbifmical  agriculture." — Dnn<ih/son\i  AgriaiU.  Biog. 

"  The  discoveries  effected  by  his  scientific  research,  with  its  di- 
rection altoi^ether  to  utility,  have  been  iu  many  instances  benefi- 
cial to  the  community." — Annual  Address  of  the  Registrars  >■/  the 
Literary  Fund  fiochty,  1823  :  see  Mem.  iu  Gent.  Mag.,  Aug.  18*31. 

Cochrane,  Hon.  Basil.  The  Vapour  Bath,  1809, 
'10,  4to;  its  ap].!i(';ition  to  diseases. 

Cochrane,  Charles  Stuart,  Capt.  R.  N.  Residence 
and  Travels  in  Colombia.  1823,  '24,  Lon.,  1825,  2  vols.  Svo. 

"  A  work  of  little  or  no  valuo." — Lowndes. 

Cochrane,  James.  Manual  of  Family  and  Private 
Devotion,  Edin.,  1835,  p.  Svo;  selected  from  upwards  of 
40  Authors. 

"  There  is  no  book  of  (he  kind  ■which  I  have  better  relished  or 
more  highly  approved  of" — T)r.  Thomas  Chalmers. 

Discourses,  Edin.,  1848,  Svo.     Discourses,  1851,  Svo. 

Cochrane,  James,  Hon.  and  Rev.  Scrm..  1777,  4to, 
Usesof  Clay  Marl,  Agricultural  Salts,  Ac,  1791,  4to,  Other 
publications,  1779-1805. 

Cochrane,  John,     Oame  of  Chess,  Lon.,  1822,  Svo. 

Cochrane,  Hou.  John.  Seaman's  Guide,  Lon., 
1797,  Svo. 

Cochrane,  John Dundas,  Capt.,R.N.,  1780-1825. 
Pedestrian  Journey  through  Russia  and  Siberian  Tartary, 
&c.;  2d  ed.,  Lon.,  1824,  8vo. 

"  The  eccentricities  of  this  most  hardy  and  indefatigable  traveller 
sometimes  approach  to  insanity." 

"It  contaiua,  fi'om  the  writer's  want  of  scientific  knowledf^e, 
little  that  is  satisfactory  ou  tho  face  of  the  country  aud  its  natural 
productions." — Lon.  Quar.  Ktc. 

Cochrane, Thomas, Surgeon.   Med. Com.,  1774,75. 

Cochrane,  Thomas,  M.D.     Med.  Com..  1785. 

Cochrane,  Thomas,  Lord,  has  been  Earl  of  Dun- 
donald .since  1831.  1.  Letter  to  Lord  Ellcnborough.  2. 
Address  to  the  Electors  of  Westminster,  ISll,  '15. 

Cock,  Charles  G.    Household  of  God,  Lou.,  1651,  fol. 

Cock,  John.     Sermons,  1704,  '07,  "10. 
Cock,  n,  R.     Amer.  Poultry  Book,  N.  Y..  1851,  ISmo. 
Cook,S.     I.  Navigation  System.    2.  Bullion,  1S04, '11. 
Cocli,  Capt.  Samuel.     Voyage  to  Lcthc,  1741,  Svo. 
Cock,  Thomas.     Discourse  ou  Air,  Lon.,  1605,  4to. 
Cock,  William.      Metcorologie,  or  the  true  way  of 
Foreseeing  and  Judging  the  Weather,  Lon.,  1671,  Svo. 
Cockaine.     Sec  Cockayne. 
Cockayne,  George.     Sermon,  Lon.,  1648,  4to. 
Cockayne,  J.    England's  Troubles  Anatomized,  Lon., 
1644,  4to. 

Cockayne,  O.  Civil  Hist,  of  the  Jews,  from  Joshua 
to  Hadrian,  Lon.,  1841,  12mo.  Greek  Syntax,  with  Metrical 
Examples,  1846,  12mo.     Hist,  of  Erance,  1840,  18mo. 


coo 


coc 


Cockbnrn,  Archibald.  Philosophical  Essay  codc. 
the  Intermediate  State  of  Blessed  Souls,  Lon.,  1722,  8vo. 

Cockburn,  Mrs.  Catherine,  1679-1749,wasanativo 
of  Loniiou,  a  daughter  of  Captain  David  Trotter,  R.  N.  In 
her  17th  year  her  tragedy  of  Agnes  de  Castro  was  produced 
with  great  success  at  the  Theatre  Royal.  In  1698  she  gave 
to  the  world  the  Tragedy  of  Fatal  Friendship,  and  in  1701, 
The  Unhappy  Penitent.  In  the  same  year  she  contributed, 
with  .several  other  ladies,  to  the  Nine  Muses;  a  tribute  to 
the  memory  of  John  Dryden.  In  1706  her  tragedy  en- 
titled The  Revolution  of  Sweden  was  acted  at  the  Queen's 
Theatre.  In  1708  she  was  married  to  the  Rev.  Mr.  Cock- 
burn,  who  was  subsequently  presented  to  the  living  of 
Long- Ilorsley,  Northumberland.  In  the  i)revious  year 
she  returned  to  the  communion  of  the  Church  of  England, 
which  she  had  when  quite  young  forsaken  for  the  Church 
of  Rome.  In  1726  she  pub.  a  Letter  to  Dr.  Holdsworth 
in  vindication  of  Mr.  Locke'.s  Essay  respecting  the  resur- 
rection of  the  body.  In  1747  appeared  her  Remarks  upon 
the  Principles  and  Reasonings  of  Dr.  Rutherforth's  Essay 
on  the  Nature  and  Obligations  of  Virtue. 

"  It  [Mrs.  Cockburn's  refutation]  contains  all  the  clearness  of 
expres.sion.  the  streufrth  of  reason,  the  precision  of  lofric,  and  at- 
tachment to  truth,  which  makes  books  of  tiiis  nature  really  useful 
to  the  common  cause  of  virtue  and  reIij,'ion." — Bishop  Warbdrton. 

In  1751  Dr.  Birch  pub.  an  edition  of  Mrs.  Cockburn's 
Works  in  2  vcds.  8vo.  This  collection,  however,  contains 
none  of  her  dramatic  pieces  excepting  The  Fatal  Friend- 
ship. Of  her  poetical  essays.  The  Flowers  of  the  Forest 
is  best  known  to  the  public,  and  has  even  been  placed  in 
competition  with  Miss  Jane  Elliott's  beautil'ul  ballad  of  the 
same  title.  Sec  Life  by  Birch;  Biog.  Brit.;  Forbes's  Life 
of  Beattie;  Ciblier's  Lives. 

Cockburn,  Henry  Thomas,  Lord,  Scottish  Judge, 
1779-1854.  1.  On  the  Best  Ways  of  Spoiling  the  Beauties 
of  Edinburgh.  2.  Life  and  Correspondence  of  Lord  Jeffrey, 
Lon.,  1S52,  2  vols.  8vo.  He  was  an  early  contributor  to 
the  Edin.  Rev.     Memorials  of  his  Times  1866,  8vo. 

'■  We  are  by  no  means  satisfied  that  wo  have  made  the  best 
imaginable  selection  from  this  amusing  and  valuable  volume. 
That,  however,  wliich  has  been  given  will  suffice  to  recommend  the 
reader  to  it  as  one  full  of  value  and  anniscment." — Lnn.  Atfien. 

Cockburn,  Lt.-Gen.  James.  Voyage  to  Cadiz 
and  Gibraltar,  up  the  Mediterranean  to  Sicily  and  Malta, 
Lon.,  1815,  2  vols.  8vo. 

Cockburn,  John,  D.D.,  d.  1729.  Serms.  and  theolog. 
essays,  1691-1717.  History  of  Duels,  showing  their  hei- 
nous nature,  1720,  8vo. 

Cockburn,  John,  D.D.     Serms.,  ic,  1698-1718. 

Cockburn,  John.  Journey  over  Land,  from  the 
Gulph  of  Honduras  to  the  Great  South  Sea,  Lon.,  1 735,  8vo. 

"  This  curious  and  authentic  narrative  appeared  so  extraordinary, 
that  it  was  looked  upon  by  many  who  perused  it  as  little  better 
than  a  romance." — Lowndes. 

Cockburn,  Patrick,  d.  1559,  Professor  of  the  Ori- 
ental languages  at  Paris,  was  considered  by  Dempster  and 
Bale  as  one  of  the  greatest  scholars  and  ablest  divines  of 
his  age.  Oratio  de  Utilitate  et  Excellentia  Verbi  Dei, 
Paris,  1551,  8vo.  Do  Vulgari  Sacrre  Scriptura;  Phrasi, 
Paris,  1552,  8vo.  In  Orationem  Dominicara,  pia  Meditatio, 
St.  And.,  1555,  12mo.  In  Symbolum  Apostolicum,  Com- 
ment., Lon.,  loGl,  4to, 

'*  He  was  so  well  seen  in  the  Latin,  Greek,  and  Hebrew  lan- 
guages, that  there  were  but  few  either  in  France  or  in  Europe,  that 
could  equal  him." — Dempster. 

Cockburn's  works  are  rarely  to  be  met  with.  See  Orme's 
Bibl.  Bib. 

Cockburn,  Patrick,  d.  1749,  aged  71,  husband  of 
Mrs.  Catherine  Cockburn,  was  Vicar  of  Long  -  Ilorsley, 
Northumberland.  Penitential  Office,  Lon.,  1721,  Svo.  Pray- 
ing for  Superiors,  &c.,  1728,  '39,  8vo.  An  Inquiry  into  the 
truth  .and  certainty  of  the  Mosaic  Deluge,  1750.  Svo. 

"  One  of  the  most  valuable  treatises  on  the  Deluge  that  has  been 
published." — Orme:  Bibl.  Bib. 

Cockburn,  Robert.  An  Historical  Dissertation  on 
the  Books  of  the  N.  Test.ament ;  vol.  i.,  1755,  Svo. 

Cockburn,  Thomas.     Sketch,  Ac,  Lon.,  1813,  Svo. 

Cockburn,  William,  M.D.  (Economia  Corporis  Ani- 
m.alis,  Lon.,  1695.  Svo.     Other  profess,  treatises,  1696-1732. 

Cockburn,  William.  Reign  of  Queen  Anne,  Lon., 
1710,  8vo. 

Cockburn,  William.     ,Serm.,  Edin.,  1712,  Svo. 

Cockbnrn,  William.  Clerk's  Assistant,  or  Practice 
of  the  Ecclesiastical  Courts,  ic,  Dulil.,  1753,  Svo. 

Cockburn,  William.  Essay  on  the  Epistles  of  Igna- 
tius, Lon.,  1806,  Svo. 

"  An  excellent  tract,  tending  to  remove  every  shadow  of  reason- 
able doubt  from  a  subject  of  m  uch  collateral  importance  to  religion." 

Credibility  of  the  Jewish  Exodus  ;  in  answer  to  Gibbon, 
4e.,   1809,  Svo.      Commended  in  Lowndes's  Bibl.  Man. 


Strictures  on  Clerical  Education  at  the  University  of  Cam- 
bridge, 1809,  Svo. 
**  A  very  important  tract." 

■  O'her  publications.  1802,  '09. 

Cockburn,  William,  D.D.,  De.an  of  York.  A  Letter 
to  Prof.  Buckland  concerning  the  Origin  of  the  World, 
Lon.,  1S38,  Svo.  A  New  System  of  Geology,  dedicated  to 
Prof.  Sedgwick. 

Cockburn,  Sir  William,  of  Langtown.  Eespub- 
lica  de  Decimis,  Edin.,  1627,  4to. 

Cocke,  Charles  George.  England's  Complete 
Lawyer  and  Law-.Ju<lge,  Lon.,  1656,  4to. 

Cocke, Thomas.    Kitchen  Physic,  Lon.,  1676, 12mo. 

Cocke,  William  Archer.  'The  Constitutional  His- 
tory of  the  United  States,  from  the  Adoption  of  the  Articles 
of  Confederation  to  the  close  of  Jackson's  Administration, 
Phila,.  2  vols.  Svo:  vol.  i.,  1858. 

Cockell,  William,  M.D.  Professional  Essay,  Lon., 
1788,  4to. 

Cocker,  Edward,  1631-1677?  an  arithmetician  of 
London,  pub.  14  books  of  exercises  in  penmanship,  and 
scver.al  educational  treatises.  He  is  best  known  by  his 
Vulgar  Arithmetic,  pub.  after  his  decease  by  his  friend 
John  Hawkin.s.  The  1st  cd.  (1677  or  1678)  is  very  rare. 
A  copy  sold  at  Puttick  and  Simpson's,  March,  1851,  for 
£8  10».  The  52d  ed.  was  pub.  in  1748,  and  there  have 
been  several  reprints  since;  the  last  of  which  we  have  any 
account  is  dated  Glasgow,  1777. 

"Ingenious  Cocker!  now  to  rest  thou'i-t  gone, 
No  art  can  show  thee  fully  but  thyownl 
Thy  r.are  Arithmctick  alone  can  .show 
The  vast  sumx  o/Uumls  we  fur  tliy  labour  owe." 

The  2d  ed.  of  his  Dictionary  was  pulj.  inl715and  another 
in  1725. 

"  lie  certainly  doth  hit  the  white 
Who  mingles  profit  with  delight." 

Cockerell,  Charles  Itobert,  R.A.,  b.  1788,  Lon.; 
a  distinguished  architect.  Iconography  of  Wells  Cathe- 
dral, 4to.  Descrijdions  to  Michael  Angelo,  1867,  fol.  In 
connexion  with  J.  S.  Harford,  D.C.L. 

Cockerham, Henry.  Eng.  Dictionary,Lon.,16.32,8vo. 

Cockes,  or  Cox,  Leonard.  The  Art  of  Crafte  of 
Rhetoryke,  Lon.,  1532,  12uio.  Com.  on  Lilly,  1540.  Trans, 
of  Erasmus's  Parap.  of  the  Epistle  to  Titus,  1549.  Marcus 
Eremita  de  Lege  et  Spiritu,  1540. 

Cockin,  or  Cokayne,  Francis.  Divine  Blossoms; 
a  prospect  of  a  looking-glass  for  youth,  Lon.,  1657, 12mo. 

Cockin,  Joseph.     Serm.,  1814,  Svo. 

Cockin,  William.  1.  Language.  2.  Arithmetic, 
1755,  '66. 

Cockings,  George.  W.ar;  an  Heroic  Poem,  1760, 
Svo.  Arts,  Manufactures,  and  Commerce ;  a  Poem,  Lon., 
1769,  Svo.  TheConquestof  Canada,  or  the  Siege  of  Quebec; 
a  Tragedy,  Lon,,  1766,  Svo. 

Cockle,  Mrs.  The  Juvenile  Journal,  or  Tales  of  Truth, 
1807,  12mo. 

"  A  strict  observance  of  truth  in  the  most  trifling  as  well  as  the 
more  important  concerns  of  life  is  the  basis  of  every  moral  and 
religious  duty." 

Moral  Truths,  Ac,  ISIO,  12mo. 

"  This  work  may  serve  to  show  that  the  performance  of  duty  is 
the  most  important  business  of  life." — Lon.  Critical  I^eview, 

Important  Studies  for  the  Female  Sex,  12mo. 

"  We  present  it  to  the  Female  W'orld  as  a  worthy  companion  to 
Dr.  Gregory's  Legacy  to  his  Daughters,  and  as  a  friend  whose  pre- 
cepts would  lead  them  to  virtue,  honour,  and  happiness." — Jnty 
Jacohilt  Review. 

Other  publications. 

Cockman,  Thomas,  D.D.,  Master  of  University  Col- 
lege, Oxford.  Serm.,  1733,  Svo.  Select  Theolog.  Discourses, 
1750,  2  vols.  Svo.     Trans,  of  Cicero's  Offices. 

Cockohan,  Thomas,  D.D.     Serm.,  Oxf.,  1733,  Svo 

Cockrile,  Richard.     Trigonometry,  1793,  Svo. 

Cocks.     Musical  Publications,  Lon. 

Cocks,  C,  Prof,  of  Living  Languages  in  the  Royal 
Colleges  of  France.  Bordeaux,  its  Wines,  and  the  Claret 
Country,  Lon.,  1846, p.  Svo.  Translations  from  the  French: 
Ultramonlanism,  by  E.  Quinet;  Priests.  Women,  and  Fa^ 
milics,  by  J.  Michelet;  The  People,  by  the  same;  Antonio 
Perez  and  Philip  II.  of  Spain,  hy  M.  Mignet. 

"  This  remarkable  historiette  comes  recommended  to  the  general 
reader,  as  well  as  to  the  historical  student,  by  M.  Mignet's  very 
complete  mode  of  treatment  and  pleasing  style  of  composition, 
which  it  is  no  small  credit  to  Mr.Cocksto  have  so  well  preserved  in 
his  translation." — Lon.  Dailij  Newa. 

Cocks,  John.     ,See  Somers,  Lono. 

■  Cocks,  Sir  Richard,  Bart.  Church  of  England 
Secured;  2d  cd.,  Lon.,  1722,  Svo.  Discovery  of  the  Longi- 
tude, 1721,  Svo.     Charge  to  the  G.  Jury,  1723. 

Cocks,  Sir  Robert,  D.D.     Serms.,  1714,  '15,  '16. 
Cocks,  Roger.     Ilcbdomada  Sacra;  aWeekesDevo- 


COG 


COK 


tlon.  Lon.,  1630,  Svo.     Answer  to  A  Discourse  by  Sir  E. 
Peyton.  1642,  4to. 

Cocks, \V.  P.  Treatise  on  Operative  Surgery.Lon.,8vo. 

"  An  assistant  teacher  for  the  student  in  anatomy  and  sunjjery — 
a  book  to  accompany  him  to  the  hr»spitals,  to  supply  the  defects  of 
experience  or  memory."' — Lon.  Atlas. 

Anatomy  of  the  Brain,  (fee,  18mo.  Illustrations  of  Am- 
putations, 8vo;  of  Dislocations  and  Fractures,  Svo. 

Cockson,  Edward.  Quakerism  Dissected  and  laid 
open,  Lun.,  1708,  Svo. 

Cockson,  Thomas,  Surgeon.     Med.  Com.,  1775. 

Cockton,  Henry.  Love  Match.  Lon.,  Svo.  Sisters, 
Svo.  Stanley  Thorn,  1S41,  3  vols.  p.  Svo.  Steward.  1850, 
Svo.  Sylvester  Sound,  1S44,  Svo.  The  Ventriloquist ;  being 
Life  and  Adventures  of  Valentine  Vox.  Svo,  1840.  Lady 
Felicia.1851,'52.  p.  Svo.  Percy  Effingham,1853,  2  vol.  p.  Svo. 
"It  abounds  in  droll  scenes,  which  will  keep  the  most  melan- 
choly reader  in  a  side-aching  fit  of  lau-^hter  as  long  as  he  has  the 
book  in  his  hands." — Lon.  Times. 

"  One  nf  the  most  amusing  works  we  have  ever  read." — Oxvibridgc 
Chronic!  f. 

Codes,  Barth.  Phisiognomie  Englished  by  Thomas 
Hyll;  s.  a.  an  ed.,  1613,  Svo.  Numerous  foreign  edits,  in 
Latin  and  French.  Chyromantia,  Lat.j  Ven.,  1525,  Svo. 
La  Geomantia,  Ven.,  1550,  Svo. 

Cocus  :  nu'jlut'.  Cock,  or  Cooke. 

Coddington,  William,  d.  1678,  aged  77,  the  principal 
of  the  first  eighteen  settlers  of  Rhode  Island,  and  its  first 
Governor.  A  Demonstration  of  True  Love  unto  you,  the 
Rulers  of  the  Colony  of  Massachusetts  in  New  England, 
1674,  4to.  See  Besse's  Sufferings  of  the  Quakers,  ii.  265- 
70;  Winthrop;  Hutchinson. 

Code,  II.  B.  Spanish  Patriots  a  thousand  years  ago; 
an  Historical  Drama,  1812,  Svo. 

Codriugton,  Christoi>her,  166S-1710,  a  native  of 
Barbadoes,  Fellow  of  All  Souls' College,  1680;  left  £10,000 
to  his  college  for  the  erection  of  a  library,  and  his  West 
India  Estates  to  the  Society  for  the  Propagation  of  the 
Gospel  in  Foreign  Parts.  Ho  ad<lressed  some  verses  to 
Garth  on  the  publication  of  his  Dispensary,  and  is  the 
author  of  some  Latin  poems  in  the  Musae  Anglicance,  1741. 

Codrington,  Robert,  1602-1G65,  was  educated  at 
Oxford.  Trans,  of  Du  Muulin's  Knowledge  of  God,  Lon., 
163L  Life  aud  Death  of  Robert.  Earl  of  Essex,  1646,  4to. 
Heptanieron,  1654,  Svo.  Life  of  Esop,  prefixed  to  Barlow's 
ed.  of  the  Fables,  1(>66,  fob  A  Collec.  of  Proverbs,  1664, 
'85,  12mo.  Wood,  referring  to  the  Life  of  Essex,  remarks: 
"In  this  book  Codrington  shows  himself  a  rank  parliamenteer." 
"His  account  is  not  only  defective  in  point  of  method,  but  is 
also  very  barren  of  facts,  such  only  excepted  as  are  collected  from 
the  news-writers  of  those  times." — Pars. 

The  Life  of  Essex  is  reprinted  in  the  Harl.  Miscel.,  vol.  i. 

Codrinscton,  T.  A  Sorm.  in  Catholick  Serms.,  (2  vols. 
8vo,  Lon.,  1741.)  vol.  i.  259. 

Coe,  Richard.   Diary  relative  to  Waller's  Army,  1644. 

Coe,  Richard,  of  Philadelphia,  has  pub.  a  number 
of  poems  which  have  lieen  commended  as  possessing  un- 
usual merit.  The  Old  Farm-Gate :  Stories  and  Poems, 
Phila.,  1852,  16mo. 

Coe,Thomas,M.D.  Dissert.  In aug.Medica,  Ac.,  Lugd. 
Bat.,  1728,  4to.     Treat,  on  Biliary  Concretions.  1757,  Svo. 

Coelson,  Laiincelot.   Aimanacks,  Ac,  1056,  '81, '84. 

Cottey,  Charles,  d.  1745,  an  Irish  dramatic  writer, 
altered  a  numl)er  of  jdays,  of  which  The  Devil  to  Pay,  or 
the  Wives  Metamorphosed,  was  a  great  favourite,  chiefly 
on  account  of  the  character  of  "Nell." 

Coffin,  J.  G.,  M.D.,  of  Boston.  Mass.,  d.  1829.  aged 
59.  Cold  and  Warm  Bathing,  1818,  12mo.  Medical  Edu- 
cation. 1822. 

Coffin,  Joshua.  See  Lonufellow,  Hgnry  Wads- 
worth. 

Coffin,  Mryor  Pine.  Stutterheim's  account  of  the 
Battle  of  Austerlitz ;  trans,  from  the  French,  1S()6,  Svo. 

Coffin,  Robert  S.,  1797  ?~1S57,  of  Brunswick,  Maine; 
the  self-styled  "  Boston  Bard."     Poems,  1826. 

Cogan,  E.     Scrms.,  &c..  17S9-1817. 

Cogan,  G.     Test,  of  Richard  Brothers,  1795,  Svo. 

Cogan,  Henry.  The  Scarlet  Gown:  Cardinals  of 
Rome,  Lon.,  1653,  Svo.  The  Voyage  and  Adventures  of 
Ferdinand  Mendez  Pinto  during  his  Twenty-One  Years' 
Travel  in  Ethiopia,  China,  Tartaria,  Japan,  Ac;  done  into 
English  by  H.  C,  Lon.,  1633,  fob  Cervantes  calls  Pinto 
"  The  Prince  of  Liars." 

Cogan,  Thomas,  an  English  physician,  d.  1607,  Fol- 
low of  Oriel  College,  Oxford,  1563.  The  Haven  of  Health 
made  for  the  Comfort  of  Students ;  with  a  Censure  of  the 
lat«  Sickness  at  Oxford,  &e.,  Lon.,  1586,  4to,  and  1589,  '96, 
1605, '12.  Cogan  wrote  some  other  pieces.  See  Athen.  Oxon. 


Cogan,  Thomas,  an  English  physician  and  divine, 
d.  1818,  resided  much  of  his  time  in  Holland.  The  Rhine, 
or  a  Journey  from  Utrecht  to  Frankfort,  1791,  '92,  Lon,, 
1794,  2  vols.  Svo. 

"The  style  of  this  work  is  lively  and  interesting::  its  pictures  of 
manners  and  scenery  good;  and  it  contains  a  learned  disquisition 
on  the  origin  of  printing." — Stevenson  :  Voyages  and  Travis. 

A  Philosophical  Treatise  on  the  Passions,  Lon.,  1800,  Svo  j 
an  Ethical  ditto,  Bath,  1807-10,  Svo. 

'■  Dr.  Cogan — an  adept  on  the  subject  of  morals." — Lon.  Mmi.  Rev. 

The  Works  of  Camper,  trans,  from  the  Dutch,  Lon.,  1794, 
4to.     Theolog.  Di.?quisitions,  Lun.,  1812,  Svo. 

Cogerhall,  Henry.  Timber  Measure  and  Gauging, 
Lon.,  1677,  Svo. 

Coggeshall,  Capt.  George,  of  Connecticut,  b.  1784. 
Voyages  to  various  parts  of  the  World,  made  1799-1844, 
New  York,  1851.  "52,  2  vols.  Svo.  History  of  the  American 
Privateers,  and  Letters  of  Marque,  during  our  War  with 
England,  1812,  '13.  and '14,  Svo :  Elustrated.  Religioua 
and  Miscellanerius  Poetry. 

Coggeshall,  Wm.  T.,  b.  1824,  in  Penna.  Easy 
Warren  and  his  Contemporaries,  12mo,  N.  Y.  Spirit  Rap- 
ping. Cin.,  1851,  12nio.  Ed.  Genius  of  the  West.  Haa 
contributed  largely  to  Periodical  Literature. 

Coggeshalle,  Ralph,  d.  about  1228,  an  English 
Monk  nnd  Hi:*torian.  His  principal  work  is  A  History  of 
the  Holy  Land.  pub.  in  1729  in  vol.  v.  of  the  Amplis.'^xma 
Collectio  veterum  Scriptorum  et  Monumentnruui ;  in  which 
are  two  other  works  of  his:  1.  Chronicon  Anglicanum  ab 
anno  1066  ad  annum  1200.  and  2.  Libellus  de  Motibus  An- 
glieanis  sub  Johanne  Rege. 

Coghlan,  Lucius,  D.D.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1810,  Svo. 

Coiihlan,  R.  B.  Apology  for  Catholic  Faith,  &q., 
1779,  12H10. 

Coglan,  Thomas.     Mnemonics,  Lon.,  1813,  Svo. 

Cogswell,  James,  D.D.,  1720-1807,  of  Connecticut. 
Funeral  Scrm.  on  S.  Williams.  1776;  2d  ed.,  1806. 

Cogswell,  Joseph  Green,  LL.D.,  b.  in  Ipswich, 
Mass.;  grad.  at  Harvard  College,  1806;  was  Professor  of 
Mineralogy  and  Geology  in  his  alma  mater,  and  Librarian 
in  the  same  institution,from  1821  to  '23.  In  1823,  in  con- 
nexion with  Mr.  George  Bancroft,  he  established  the  Round 
Hill  School  at  Northampton,  Mass.,  and,  after  Mr.  Bancroft's 
retirement  in  1830,  continued  it  by  himself  until  1836.  In 
1848  he  was  appointed  Superintendent  of  the  Astor  Library, 
(in  accordance  with  the  expressed  wish  of  the  founder,) — 
an  office  for  which  his  remarkable  attainments  in  Biblio- 
graphy eminently  qualify  him.  Dr.  Cogswell  has  been  a 
contributor  to  Blackwood's  Mag.,  the  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  the 
Monthly  Anthology,  and  the  N.  York  Rev.,  (ed.  by  him  for 
several  years  before  its  termination  in  1842.)  He  is  now 
employed  upon  a  Catalogue  of  the  Astor  Library,  to  be 
comprised  in  8  vols.  r.  Svo:  Authors  and  Books,  4  vols. j 
Subjects,  4  vols. :  vols.  i.  and  ii.  were  pub.  1857-58. 

Cog:swell,  William.  Christian  Philanthropist,  Bost, 
1830,  12mo.     Other  tiieologicjil  publications. 

Cohen,  Rernard.  Compendium  of  the  Finances  of 
Great  Britain  and  other  Countries,  Lon.,  1822,  r.  Svo. 

Cohen,  L.  Sacred  Truths  addressed  to  the  Children 
of  Israel  in  the  Brit.  Empire,  1808,  12mo. 

Cohen,  Moses.     Serm.  on  Prov.  xx.  10,  1761,  4to. 

Cohen,  William.  Seventh  ed.  of  Fairman's  Funds 
trans.  ,at  the  Bk.  of  England,  Lon.,  1824.  Svo. 

Coilzear,  Rauf.  "The  Taill  of  Rauf  Coilzear,  how 
he  harbreit  King  Charlis  Sanctandrois  be  Robert  Lekpreuik, 
1572,  4to.  Reprinted  in  Select  Remains  of  the  Ancient 
Popular  Poetry  of  Scotland;  and  at  Edin.,  1821. 

Coit,  Thos,  Winthrop,  b.  N.  London,  Conn. ;  grad. 
Yale  Coll..  1821 ;  Prof.  Triu.  Coll. ;  Pres.  Transylvania  Univ. 
Theological  Common-Place  Book,  1832,  '57,  4to.  Remarks 
on  Norton's  Statement  of  Reasons,  1S33,  Svo.  Bible  in  Para- 
graphs and  Parallelisms,  1834, 12mo:  see  Home's Bibl.  Bib., 
^S.  Townsend's  Chronological  Bible,  1837,  '38.  2  vols.  Svo. 
Puritanism;  or,  A  Churchman's  Defence  against  its  As- 
persions, 1844,  12nio.    Contrib.  Ch.  Rev.,  Churchman,  <feo. 

Cokain,  Cockaine,  Cockayn,  Cokaine,  or  Co- 
kayne.  Sir  Aston,  160S-16S4.  a  native  of  Elvaston, 
Derliyshire,  was  educated  at  Trinity  College,  Cambridge, 
The  Obstinate  Lady;  a  Comedy,  Lon.,  1657, 12mo.  Trappo- 
lin,  1658, 12mo.  Small  Poems.  A  Chaine  of  Golden  Poems, 
Ac.,  165S.  Poems,  1662;  sold  at  Sotheby's  for  £7.  Choice 
Poems,  1669;  Bindley's  sale.  £3  17«.  Ovid,  1669.  See 
notices  of  this  author  in  the  British  Bibliographer,  vol.  ii., 
by  Sir  Egerton  Brydges. 

"His  d;iys  seem  to  have  been  passed  between  his  bottle,  his  books, 
and  his  rhymes.  .  .  .  His  mind  appears  to  have  been  much  culti- 
vated with  learning;  anditiscleiir  that  he  possessed  considerable 
talents;  but  he  exhibits  scarcely  any  marks  of  genius." — Ubi  supra, 

4U1 


COK 


COK 


•  His  poems  may  perhaps  be  c 
who  search  after  anecdotes  of  contemporary  • 


.  consulted  with  advantage  hy  those  '  of  society  should  hecomo  deeply  injlnied  with  the  wisdom 
characters."— 2;«isJi  ,  and  the  courage  of  those  mighty  luen  of  old,  who  in  the 
Spccimcm.  ,  ,  '  advocacy  of  what  they  knew  to  be  right,  treated  with  equal 

The  following  is  so  conclusire  an  evidence  of  the  pood  |  ^o^jempt  the  wrath  of  the  king  and  the  rage  ot  the  popu- 
taste  of  8ir  Aston,  that  we  quote  it  to  his  credit,  and  for  j^^^,^  When  the  judges  were  questioned,  whether  if  the 
the  benefit  of  our  readers.  After  reviewing  the  claims  of  |  ^^-^^^  should  desire  them  to  stay  proceedings  in  any  case 
the  various  attractions  which  the  world  offers  to  its  votaries,     ^^^^^^  them,  until  he  had  consulted  with  them,  they  would 


A  Short 


he  thus  announces  his  own  preference 

'■  Give  me  a  study  of  trood  bixjlis.  and  I 
Envy  to  none  their  hussM  feli.ity." 
Cokainc,  or  Cockaine,  Sir  Thomas 
Treatise  on  Hunting.  Lon.,  1591,  -Ito. 
Cokayne,  George.     See  Cockayn. 
Cokayne,  VVilliani.     The  Foundation  of  Prudence 
Vindicated,  Ijon.,  1649,  4to.  „_„,.,     -o 

Coke.  Circumcision  of  Mustapha,Lon.,16i  6,  lol.  Ke- 
printed  in  Ilarleian  Miscellany,  vol.  v. 

Coke,  Sir  Edward,  1551-52-1632,  a  native  of  Mile- 
ham,  NorfoUi,  was  entered  of  Trinity  College,  Cambridge, 
in  1567-  became  a  member  of  the  Inner  Temple  in  167J  ; 
and  was'callcd  to  the  Bar  in  1578.  In  1593  he  was  elected 
a  Member  of  Parliament  for  Norfolli.  and  was  chosen 
Speaker  of  the  House  of  Commons.     In  1694  he  was  ap- 

pointed  Attorney-General,  notwithstanding  the  strenuous  i  our  licentious  times  have 
effort  of  the  Earl  of  Essex  to  secure  the  vacant  post  for  j  calness  of  the '  reports  ot  a 
Francis  Bacon.     Hence  arose  the  enmity  which  existed  I 
between  Coke  and  Bacon.     In  1598  he  was  left  a  widower,  | 
and  in  the  same  year  married  the  widow  of  Sir  William 
Hatton,  a  grand-daughter  of  Lord  High  Treasurer  Burleigh. 
Upon  the  accession  of  James  I.,  Coke  received  the  honour 
of  knighthood.      In  1603  he  conducted  the  proceedings  I 
against  Sir  Walter  Raleigh,  and  incurred  merited  censure 
for  his  professional  insolence.     In  1606  he  was  promoted  ; 
to  the  Chief  Justiceship  of  the  Common  Picas,  and  in  1613  j 
to  the  Chief  Justiceship  of  the  King's  Bench.     His  resist- 
ance to  the  arbitrary  and  illegal  acts  of  the  king  brought 
down  upon  liiiu  the  royal  displeasure,  and  in  1622  he  was 
committed  to  the  Tower,  and  there  imprisoned  for  more 
than  seven  months.     In  1625  he  was  returned  to  Parliament 
for  Norfolk,  and  in  1629  represented  the  county  of  Buck- 
ingham.    Though  now  in  his  79th  year,  an  attack  upon 
the  constitutional  rights  of  Englishmen  proved  that  his 
eagle  eye,  jealous  in  the  cause  of  liberty,  was  not  too  dim 
to  decipher  the  imperishable  lines  of  Magna  Charta,  and 
that  his  "natural  strength  was  not  abated"  in  the  cham- 
pionship of  political  freedom.     At  the  close  of  this  session 
he  retired  to  his  estate  at  Stoke  Pogis.  where  he  devoted 
himself  to  literary  pursuits  until  the  coming  of  that  "  night 
when  no  man  can  work."     Repeating  with  his  last  breath 
the  solemn  invocation— "Thy  kingdom  come,  thy  will  be 
done,"  he  resigned  his  soul  to  his  Maker  on  the  3d  of  Sep- 
tember, 1632,  and  was  buried  at  Titcshall  Church  in  Nor- 
folk.    His  principal  works  .are  Reports  from  1600  to  1615. 
1.  A  Book  of  Entries,  1614,  fol.     2.  Complete  Copyholder, 
1630,  4to.     3.  A  Treatise  of  Bail  and  Mainprise,  1637,  4to. 
4.  Re.ading  on  the  Statute  of  Fines,  27  Edw.  I..  1662.  4to. 
The  work  by  which  as  a  writer  he  is  principally  known  to 
the  present  generation,  and  will  be  famous  for  all  future 
ages,  is  Institutes  of  the  Laws  of  England,  in  four  parts, 
the  first  of  which  contains  the  Commentary  on  Littleton's 
Tenures,(1628,)  the  second,  a  Commentary  on  Magna  Charta 
and  other  statutes,  (1642,)  the  third,  the  Criminal  Laws, 
or  Pleas  of  the  Crown,  (1664,)  and  the  fourth,  an  Account 
of  the  Jurisdiction  of  .all  the  Courts  in  the  Kingdom,  (about 
1644.)     The  first  part  of  the  Institutes,  or  Coke  upon  Lit- 
tleton,has  been  styled  "The  Bible  of  the  Law."     We  can 
hardly  do  justice  to  our  subject  without  noticing  this  cele- 
brated Commentary  somewhat  at  length.     The  edits,  from 
the  1st  to  the  14th  were  pub.  in  folio;  those  pub.  subse- 
quently are  in  octavo.     Edit.  1st,  1628,  is  very  incorrect; 
2d,  1629,  had   the   advantage  of  the   author's   revision; 
14th  edit.,  with  Notes,  References,  Ac.  by  F.  Hargrave  | 
and  C.  Butler,  (7.  v.)  1789  ;  to  folio  195  by  Hargr.ave,  and 
from  196  to  the  end  by  Butler;  17th  edit.,  with  addit.  notes 
by  Charles  Butler,  2  vols.  8vo;  18th  ed.,  1823,  2  vols.  8vo, 
and  1832.  2  vols.  8vo,  are  reprints  of  the  17th  edit.,  with 
some  addits.  from  Butler  .and  Hargrave's  Notes.     (See  arti- 
cle Coke  in  Marvin's  Legal  Bibl.)     Thomas's  Arrangement 
can  hardly  he  called  an  edit,  of  Coke.     American  edits., 
Phila.,  hy'Thomas  Day,  1812,  3  vols.  8vo  ;  this  is  a  reprint, 
witli  some  addits.  by  the  American  editor,  of  the  16th  Lon- 
don edit.     Phila.,  beautifully  printed  by  R.  H.  Small,  from 
the  19th  London  edit.,  1863,  2  vols.  8vo.     Wo  trust  that 
the  publication  of  tliis  very  cheap  and  excellent  edit,  will 
have  a  tendency  to  increase  the  study  of  Coke  upon  Little- 


class 


we  feel  a  deep  interest  tliat  those  who  are  intrusted         ..  i^i  not  the  American  student  of  law  supposi; 


consent  to  such  interference,  all  answered  in  the  afiirinative, 
until  it  came  to  the  turn  of  the  stout  Lord  Chief  Justice 
Coke,  who  courageously  responded  that, 

"  When  that  case  should  be,  he  would  do  that  should  be  fit  for 
ajudge  to  do." 

Did  any  freeman  ever  make  a  holder  answer,  and  did 
any  lawyer  ever  make  a  wiser  one?  We  shall  quote  a  few 
from  the  many  testimonies  we  might  adduce  to  the  value 
of  the  professional  labours  of  this  great  ornament  of  the 
Bench  and  the  Bar:  .„  ,    .  ^ 

"  His  most  learned  and  laborious  works  on  the  law  will  last  to 
be  admired  bv  judicious  p.istcritv  whilst  Fame  hath  a  trumpet  left 
her.  and  any  breath  to  blow  therein.  His  judgment  lately  passed 
for  an  oracie  in  law ;  and  if,  since,  the  credit  thereof  hath  care- 
lessly been  questioned,  the  wonder  is  not  great.  If  the  prophet 
himself,  living  in  an  incredulous  age,  found  cause  to  complain, 
'Who  hath  believed  our  report?'  it  need  not  seem  strange  that 
e  afforded  some  to  shake  the  authenti- 
calness  of  the  '  reports'  of  any  earthly  judge.''— Juifer's  Worlhies  of 

Lord  Bacon,  whilst  praising  Coke's  large  and  fruitful 
mind,  complains  (though  not  with  reference  to  his  Com- 
mentary) of  his  habit  of  straying  from  his  text : 

"  When  you  wander,  as  you  often  delight  to  do.  you  wander  in- 
deed and  give  never  such  satisfaction  as  the  curious  time  requires. 
This'is  not  caused  by  any  natural  defect,  but  first  for  want  of  elec- 
tion, when  you  have  a  large  and  fruitful  mind,  which  should  not 
so  much  labour  what  to  speak,  as  to  find  whiit  to  leave  unspoken. 
— LoRii  Bacon  :  Letter  to  Cohc. 

This  desultory  habit  is  very  perceptible  in  the  commen- 
tary upon  Littleton :  ^  1  »  ,  .,  « 
-The  Institutes  of  Sir  Edward  Coke  are  unfortun.ately  as  defi- 
cient in  method  as  they  are  rich  in  matter;  at  least  the  two  first 
puts  of  them;  wherein,  acting  only  the  part  of  a  commentator, 
he  hath  thrown  together  an  infinite  treasure  of  learningm  a  loose, 
desultory  order."— Sir  William  Blackstose. 

This  want  of  method  induced  Mr.  J.  H.  Thomas  to  pre- 
pare  a  Systematic  Arrangement  of  the  Commentary,  on  the 
Plan  of  Sir  Matthew  Hale's  Analysis,  Lon.,  1818,  3  vols. 
8vo.  American  edit,  Phila.,  1836,  3  vols.,  8vo.  We  can- 
not recommend  this  Arrangement  in  place  of  the  original 
to  the  legal  student.    We  agree  with  Judge  Sharswood : 

"  It  may  be  that  the  original  wants  method;— but  the  life  and 
spirit  of  it  are  lost  when  it  is  hacked  to  pieces  to  be  refitted  to- 
gether upon  a  new  and  ditTerent  skeleton." 

For  notices  of  Coke's  Reports,  Ac,  we  refer  the  reader  to 
the  works  mentioned  below. 

"  A  knowledge  of  ancient  legal  learning  is  absolutely  necessary 
to  a  modern  lawyer.  Sir  Edward  Coke's  Commentary  upon  Lit- 
tleton is  an  immense  repository  of  every  thing  that  is  most  neces- 
sary or  useful  in  the  le','al  learning  of  ancient  times.  »  ere  it  not 
for"  his  writings,  we  .should  still  have  to  search  for  it  in  the  vo- 
luminous and'chaotic  compilations  of  cases  contained  in  the  Year 
Books,  or  in  the  dry.  though  valuable  abridgments  of  Statham, 
Eitzherbert,  Brooke,  and  llolle.  Every  per.son  who  has  attempted 
it  must  be  sensible  bow  very  difiicult  and  disgusting  it  is  to  pm-- 
sue  a  rc'ular  investigation  of  any  point  of  law  through  these 
works  'T'he  writings  "of  Coke  have  consider.ably  abridged,  if  not 
entirely  taken  away,  the  necessityof  this  labour."— Charles  Butler. 
Mr.  Butler,  who  declares  that  he  is  the  best  lawyer  who 
best  understands  Coke  upon  Littleton,  did  much  to  increase 
the  general  usefulness  of  Coke : 

"  One  cannot  help  observing  how  ranch  the  annotations  of  Mr. 
Butler  excel  those  of  his  predecessor.  Mr.  llargrave.  both  in  suc- 
cinctness of  order,  comprehensiveness  of  style,  and  elegance  of 
diction."— Hawksheai). 

But  Mr.  Martin  dissents  from  this  judgment: 
"  Butlers  notes,  tliough  deservedly  esteemed,  were  confessedly 
too  hastily  nrcpar,-.!  to  reach  the  high  standard  of  his  predecessor. 
His  knowl.  .l^'H  aj.pcars  to  have  been  more  various  than  profound." 
See  Mart  Conv.:  Bart.  Com.;  and  Hitso's  Introduction. 

'■  Sir  Edward  Coke— that  great  oracle  of  our  law.  — EnMO.VD 
JirniKi-  liefl'dions  on  the  Hn'ohilimi  in  Frana.  _ 

"To  Coke's  opinion  I  must  attribute  more  than  to  any  single 
opinion  of  anv  judge.  No  one  man  hath  deserved  so  well  of  the 
professors  of  the  law ;  no  one  man  in  any  human  profession  hath 
written  so  much  and  with  so  few  errors  as  he. '— Sm  OrlasbO 

We  may  properly  conclude  this  article  with  the  opinions 
of  some  eminent  American  Jurists :  .      ,  ,_ 

"The  Commentary  ought  to  be  studied  and  mastered  by  every 
lawyer  who  means  "to  be  well  acquainted  with  the  reasons  and 
grounds  of  the  law,  and  to  adorn  the  noble  science  he  professes. 

~"'inrfaTOurite'L''w-book  wa,s  the  Coke  upon  Littleton,  which  he 
had  read  many  times.  Its  principal  texts  he  had  tre.asur«d  up  m 
his  memory,  and  his  arguments  at  the  bar  abounded  with  pei- 
ne uTlrecurrences  to  the  principles  and  analogies  drawn  from  ths 
?icb  mine  of  common  law  learning."- ir/,c«to.'.  L,fi^;f  i^-ii^^y^ 


to  80  large  an  extent  with  the  conservation  of  the  interests  j  necessity  does  not  here  exist,  as  m  England,  to  make  this  golden 


COK 


COL 


booli*  his  principal  guide  in  the  real  law.  All  precedent  in  this 
country  contradicts  such  an  idea.  The  present  jreneration  of  dis- 
tinguished lawyers,  as  well  as  that  which  has  .just  passed  away, 
have  piven  ample  proofs  of  their  familiarity  with  the  writings  of 
Lord  Coke ;  and  our  numerous  volumes  of  reports  daily  illustrate, 
that,  with  trivial  exceptions,  what  is  the  law  of  real  property  at 
Westminster  Hall  is  equally  so  in  the  various  tribunals  through- 
out our  extensive  country." — Hoffman's  Leijal  Sludi/. 

"  The  work  is  one  which  cannot  be  too  highly  prized  or  too  ear- 
nestly recommended  to  the  diligent  study  of  all  who  wish  to  be 
■well  grounded  in  legal  principles.  For  myself,  I  agree  with  Mr. 
Butler  in  the  opinion  that  he  is  the  best  lawyer  who  best  under- 
stands Coke  upon  Littleton." — Judge  Sharswood. 

See  also  Johnson's  Life  of  Coke,  1S45,  2  vols.  Svo;  "War- 
ren's Law  Studies;  Petersdorff's  Com.;  Man-in's  Legal 
Bibl. ;  Biog.  Brit. ;  Lowndes's  Bibl.  Manual :  Lodge's  Il- 
lustrations; Bridgnian's  Legal  Bibl.;  The  Retrospective 
Review;  Roger  Coke's  (grandson  of  Lord  Coke)  Detection 
of  the  Court  and  State  of  England. 

Coke,  Georgius  Henricus.  Historia  Principum 
AnhaUinornm,  Jenio.  1686,  4to. 

Coke,  John.  The  Debate  betwcnc  the  ITeraldes  of 
Englande  and  Frnunce,  Lon..  1550.  16mo.  The  debate 
turns  upon  a  question  propounded  by  Lady  Prudence — 

''  Which  realme  christened  is  most  worthy  to  be  ap- 
proached to  honoure?" 

The  decision,  of  course,  is  in  favour  of  "  Englande." 
Coke,  John.    Sylloge  variorum  Traetatum,  &c.,  1649, 
4to ;  refers  to  the  murder  of  King  Charles  I. 

Coke,  John,  M.D.  Treatise  on  Poisons,  Lon.,  1770, 
12mo. 

Coke,  Roger,  grandson  of  Sir  Edward  Coke.  Justice 
Vindicated,  Lon.,  IfifiO,  fob  How  the  Navigation  may  be 
Encreased,  &c.,  1675,  4to. 

'•  Though  wrong  in  his  suppositions  respecting  the  state  of  the 
countiy,  Mr.  Coke  recommended  several  measures  fitted  to  promote 
its  improvement.'' — McCuUoch's  Lit.  of  J'olit.  Ecmirrnvj ;  where  see 
other  treatises  of  Coke's  noticed. 

A  Detection  of  the  Court  and  State  of  England,  1694,  2 
vols. ;  1719,  3  vols.  8vo. 

"  A  sort  of  secret  history,  engaging  to  an  Englishman,  naturally 
inquisitive,  curious,  and  greedy  of  scandal." 

Coke,  Thomas.  Serra..  Prov.  xxi.  6,  1773,  Sro. 
Coke,  Thomas,  LL.D.,  1747-1814,  an  eminent  Wes- 
leyan  missionary,  a  native  of  Brecon,  South  Wales,  was 
educated  at  Jesus  College.  Oxford.  In  1780  be  was  ap- 
pointed by  John  Wesley  superintendent  of  the  London 
district.  In  17S4  he  visited  America,  and  made  altogether 
nine  voyages  to  the  United  States  and  the  West  Indies  for 
missionary  purposes.  In  December  1813.  be  sailed  for 
Ceylon  with  six  preachers,  and  was  found  dead  in  his  cabin, 
May  3,  1814.  His  untiring  zeal  for  the  advancement  of 
religion  is  worthy  of  all  imitation.  Besides  some  extracts 
from  his  Journal,  &c.,  he  pub.  (in  conjunction  with  Henry 
Moore)  a  Life  of  John  Wesley,  Lon.,  1792,  8vo.  His 
principal  work  is  A  Commentary  on  the  Old  and  New 
Testaments,  Lon.,  1803,  6  vols.  4to. 

"This  is  a  sensibly  written  work;  but  neither  critical  nor  very 
profound.  After  the  exposition,  which  is  itself  rather  practical 
than  exegetical,  there  follows  what  he  calls  in/i-rctici'a,  and,  last 
of  all,  rcjlectiims.  Every  thing  important  in  the  work  might  have 
been  put  into  half  the  size."— t)R>TE:  Bihl.  r.ih. 

*•  It  is  in  the  main  a  reprint  of  the  work  of  Dr.  Dodd.  with  seve- 
ral retrenchments  and  some  unimportant  additions.  Though  the 
major  part  of  the  notrs,  and  even  the  dissertations:  of  Dr.  Dodd  are 
here  republished  ivilhnut  the  authors  name,  yet  all  the  marginal 
readings  and  paralk-l  texts  are  entirely  omitt4?d." — Dr.  Adam 
Cl.\rke. 

Coke,  Thomas  W.,  Earl  of  Leicester,     Ad- 
dresses to  the  Freeholders  of  Norfolk,  1802. 
Coke,  Zachary.     The  Art  of  Logic,  Lon.,  1654,  4to. 
Coker,  John.    1.  Remarks.    2.  Reflections,  &c.,  1806, 
*10;  political  pieces. 

Coker,  3Iatthe\v.    A  Whip  of  Small  Cords  to  scourge 
Antichrist,  Lon.,  16.54,  4to. 
"The  writer  was  evidently  a  wild  enthusiast." 
A  Prophetical  Revelation  from  God,  1G54,  4to. 
.  Coker,  N.     Survey  of  Dorsetshire.  Lon.,  1732,  fob 

*'  This  Survey  appears  to  have  been  finished  iu  the  latter  end  of 
James  I.'s  reign.'" — Dr.  Watt, 

•'  A  very  incorrect  and  imperfect  work." — Lowndes. 
Coker,  Thomas.     Sermon,  1721,  8vo. 
Colbatch.     Account  of  the  Court  of  Portugal  under 
the  Reign  of  Don  Pedro  II.,  1700,  8vo. 

Colbatch,  John,  a  London  surgeon,  wrote  several 
medical  treatises,  vindicating  the  theory  that  disease  in 
the  system  arises  principally  from  an  excess  of  the  alka- 
lies in  the  blood  and  humours.  He  liberally  administered 
acids  to  bis  patients.  Collection  of  Med.  and  Chir.  Tracts, 
Lon.,  1700,  8vo. 

Colbatch,  John,  D.D.     Theolog.  Treatises,  Camb., 
1718-41. 
Colbeck,  Joseph,  Jnn.     Poems,  181.3. 


Colbert,  Jnn.      The  Age  of  Paper;  or  an  Essay  on 

Banlcs  and  IJanking.  Lon.,  8vo. 

Colborne,  Robert.   English  Dispensatory,  1753,  8vo. 
Colburne.     Discourse  upon  the  Catalogue  of  Doctors 
of  God's  Church,  shewing  the  Succession  of  the  Church, 
1589,  8vo. 

Colby,  H.  G.  O.  Practice  in  Civil  Actions  and  Pro- 
ceedings at  Law  in  Massachusetts,  Boston,  1848,  Svo. 

''  A  familiar  acquaintance  with  practice  is  one  of  the  most  strik- 
ing; and  indispensable  qualifications  of  an  accomplished  Lawyer. 
It  teaches  him  how  to  handle  his  weapons." 
Colby,  John.     Sermons,  1732.  12mo. 
Colby,  Samuel.     Sermons,  1708,  *09. 
Colby,  Capt.  Thomas,  and  Lt.  Col.  William 
Mudsre.     Account  of  the  Operations  for  accomplishing 
the  Trigonometrical  Survey  of  England  and  Wales,  1800- 
08,  Lon'..  1799-1811.  3  vols.  4to. 
Colchester,  LoriU     Sec  Abbot,  Charles. 
Colclong:h,  Geors;e,    Repentance,  Lon.,  157-,  12mo. 
Colden,  Alexander.    Kxamination  of  the  New  Doc- 
trines  in   Philosophy  and   Theology  of   Priestley,   Lon., 
1793,  8vo. 

Colden,  CadAvallader,  1688-1776.  a  Scotch  physi- 
cian, educated  at  Edinburgh,  emigrated  to  Pennsylvania 
about  170S.  In  1718  he  removed  to  New  York,  and  was 
made  Lieutenant  Governor  in  1761,  and  again  in  1775. 
He  practised  medicine  in  early  life,  and  pub.  a  treatise  on 
the  Yellow  Fever,  which  prevailed  in  New  York  in  1743. 
He  was  a  zealous  botanist,  and  his  description  of  between 
300  and  400  American  plants  was  pub.  in  the  Acta  Upsa- 
liensia,  (1743.)  The  establishment  of  the  American  Philo- 
sophical Society,  located  at  Philadelphia,  was  chiefly  owing 
to  his  suggestions.  Dr.  Franklin  and  Colden  communi- 
cated to  each  other  their  experiments  in  Natural  Philoso- 
phy. The  History  of  the  five  Indian  Nations  depending 
upon  New  York.  New  Y'^ork,  1727,  Svo;  reprinted  with  the 
2d  part  and  large  addits.,  in  1747,  Lon.,  Svo. 

"In  the  reprint,  the  dedication,  which  was  originally  to  Go- 
vernor Burnet,  is  transferred  by  the  London  publisher  toGeneral 
Oglethorpe.  Mr.  Colden  complained  of  this,  as  well  as  of  some 
additions  [several  Indian  treaties]  which  were  made  to  the  London 
edition  without  his  knowledge  or  consent." — Rich:  Amtricana 
BiliUothfica  Neva. 

The  3d  edit,  was  pub.  in  London  in  1755,  2  vols.  12mo. 
A  work  on  Gravitation,  &.c,  New  York,  1745,  Svo;  Lon., 
1752.  4to.  Con.  to  Med.  Obs.  and  Inq..  1755.  See  Amer. 
Museum,  iii.  53-59 ;  Rees :  Conduct  of  C.  Colden,  Esq., 
relating  to  the  Judges'  Commissions,  &c. ;  Allen's  Amer, 
Eiog.  Diet. ;  Encycl.  Amer. 

Colden,  Cadwallader  D.  Life  of  Robert  Fulton, 
New  York,  1817,  Svo.  See  a  severe  critique  upon  this  work 
in  the  London  Quarterly  Review,  xix.  347. 

"Although  our  readers  may  be  inclined  to  give  us  credit  for 
some  knowledge  of  our  transatlantic  brethren,  yet  we  can  honestly 
assure  them  we  were  not  quite  prepared  for  such  a  sally  as  this  of 
Cadwallader  Colden,  Esq." — Ubi  stijn-a. 

Cole.     English  and  Latin  Dictionary,  1677,  4to. 
Cole.     Oratio  de  Ridiculo,  Lon.,  1811,  4to. 
Cole,  Abdiah.     The  Rational  Physician's  Library, 
Lon..  lOfU,  ful. 

Cole,  Benj.     Map  of  20  Miles  round  Oxford,  4to. 
Cole,  Christian.    Triumphant  Augustus;  a  Poem  on 
his  ]\Iajestv's  Return,  Lon.,  1095.  4to.    Memoirs  of  Afiairs 
of  State,  lV.97-1707,  Lon.,  1723.  fob 

Cole,  Charles  Nalsou,  1722-1804.  educated  at  St. 
John's  College,  Cambridge.  Laws  rel.  to  Bedford  Level 
Corporation,  Lon.,  1761,  Svo;  1S03,  Svo.  An  ed.  of  Dug- 
dale's  Embankhig  of  Fens  and  Marshes,  Ac,  1772,  fob 
Works  of  Sname  Jenyns,  1790,  4  vols.  Svo. 

Cole,  Francis.  Prologue  and  Epilogue  to  a  Comedy, 
kc,  Lon..  1012.     See  Restituta,  iv.  263. 

Cole,  Ilenry,  d.  1579,  a  learned  Roman  Catholic  di- 
vine, Perpetual  Fellow  of  New  College,  Oxford,  1523; 
Prebendary  of  St.  Paul's,  1540;  Provost  of  Eton,  1554. 
Disputation  with  Cranmer  and  Ridley  at  Oxford,  1554, 
Funeral  Serm.  at  the  burning  of  Cranmer.  See  Fox's 
Acts  and  Monuments.  Letters  to  Bishop  Jewel,  Lon., 
1560,  Svo.  {In  Jewel's  Works.)  Letters  to  Bishop  Jew- 
el, An  Answer,  Ac,  will  be  found  in  Burnet's  Hist,  of  the 
Reformation. 

"Job.  Leland  the  antiquary  was  Dr.  Cole's  acquaintance^  and 
having  had  expei-ience  of  his  learning,  hath  eternized  his  memory 
among  other  learned  men  of  our  nation  and  of  his  time,  in  his 
boolc  of  Encomia's — to  which  the  curious  reader  may  recur  if  he 
please,  wherein  he'll  find  a  just  character  of  this  oui-  author  Dr. 
Cole  and  his  learning." — Athen.  Oxon. 

Cole,  Henry.  Popular  Geology  Subversive  of  Divine 
Revelation  :  a  Letter  to  Rev.  Adam  Sedgwick,  Lon.,  1834, 
8vo.  Luther's  Com.  on  the  Psalms;  now  first  trans,  into 
English,  1837,  12mo. 

403 


COL 


COL 


In  this  summary  Comwmlary  tie  godly  reader  will  see  how  I  I  surrive  her.   That  I  will,  most  religlonsly,  and  make  it  as  happy 
sedly  this  great  ma.l  opened  and  taught  the  word  of  God."  as  it  is  i>03silile."-i/orace  nalpok  t„  Cole.  Ulaiji.  l.M. 

)bs/rv«ti.ms  on  our  Public  Schools,  184li,  8vo.  "  I  congratulate  the  1'"1^\1'»'-'='%^;'°S  ''?'   '°  ''"^/^^^ 

-«lo     Ho..v„_    .1,„   „„.,r>nt„.  ..f   .h„  "Art   Mnnnfnc-     t^-e  hands  of  Bo  humane  a  nmster     I  have  a  1  ttle  dm   nutne  dog 


blessedly 

Ob: 

Cole,  Henry,  the  promoter  of  the  "Art  Manufac- 
tures," and  editor  of  the  Journal  of  Design,  has  puh.  seve- 
ral useful  books  under  the  name  of  Felix  Summekly,  tj.  v. 

Cole,  James  L.,  <1.  1S23,  aged  24,  a  native  of  Ca- 
nandaigua,  pub.  some  fugitive  poetry  in  the  New  York 
Statesman,  and  in  the  Ontario  Repository,  under  the  signa- 
ture of  Adrian. 

Cole,  John.     Mathemat.  Tracts,  1.S12,  8vo. 

Cole,  John,  llerveiania:  illustrative  of  the  Life  and 
Writings  of  Rev.  James  Hervey,  1822,  '2?,,  '26,  3  parts  Svo. 
Bibliographical  and  Descriptive  Tour  from  Scarborough, 
<tc.,  1824,  Svo.  The  Scarborough  Repository,  1824,  8vo. 
The  Scarborough  Album  of  History,  1825,  p.  Svo.  Cata- 
logue of  a  Select  Portion  of  his  Collection  of  Books,  1825, 
Svo.  Hist,  and  Antiquities  of  Ecton,  1S25,  Svo.  Life, 
"Writings.  Ac.  of  Thomas  Hinderwcll,  1S26,  Svo.  Anti- 
quarian Trio,  1826,  Svo.     Tour  round  Scarborough,  1826 


Svo.     Book-Selling   Spiritualized,    1826, 


Busy,  full  as  great  a  favouiit**.  and  nn-er  out  of  fiiy  lap.  I  have 
already,  in  case  of  an  accident,  ensured  it  a  refuge  from  starvation 
and  ill  us.ige.  It  is  the  least  we  can  do  for  poor  harmless,  shiftless, 
pampered  animals,  that  have  amused  us,  aud  we  have  spoilt." — 
Ojh:  to  Walpple,  Muy  7,  Vbl.  ,         _ 

"How  could  he  ever  have  got  through  the  transcript  of  a  Bishops 
Kegister  or  a  Chartulary,  with  Bu.sy  on  his  lap?"  See  Nichols's 
Literary  Anecdotes. 

Cole  made  large  MS.  Collections  for  the  compilation  of 
an  Athena;  Cantabrigienses.  We  have  already  strenuously 
insisted  upon  the  preparation  of  a  work  of  this  kind,  (see 
Baker,  Thomas,  Ac.,)  and  never  intend  to  be  satisfied 
until  such  an  one  we  have  !  Cole  also  collected  towards  a 
county  history  of  Cambridge,  and  seems  to  have  commenced 
both  this  and  the  preceding  compilation  as  early  as  1724. 
His  "  purposes  were  not  broken  off  in  the  midst,"  but  like 
Thomas  Baker's  {q.  r.)  delayed  until  death  would  wait 
no  longer.     He  left  100  small  folio  volumes  of  MSS.,  more 


Antiq.  of  Weston  FovcU,  1827,  Svo.  Hist,  and  Antiq.  of 
Filey,  1828,  Svo.  Catalogue  of  Standard  Books,  made 
out  on  an  entirely  new  plan,  12mo.  Other  works.  See 
Lownilcs's  Bibl.  Man. 

Cole,  John  Webb.     Commentary  on  the  Prophecies 
and  the  New  Testament,  ic,  Lon.,  1826,  2  vols.  Svo.  I 

Cole,  Josiah.     Con.  to  Edin.  Med.  Ess.,  1736.  j 

Cole,  Mary.     Cookery,  Confectionary,  Ac,  17S9,  Svo. 
Cole,    Nathaniel.     'Serms.   and    theolog.  treatises,  j 
1615-33. 

Cole,  Robert.    News  from  Ireland.  Lon.,  1642,  4to. 
Cole,  T.  Account  of  fat  Mr.  Bright,  Phil.  Trans.,  1751. 
Cole,  Thomas.     Serm.  against  Anabaptists,  Lou., 
1553.  Svo. 

Cole,  Thomas,  Archd.  of  Essex.    Scrm.,  Lon.,  1564. 
Cole,  Thomas,  d.  1697,  student  of  Christ  Church, 
Oxford;    Principal  of  St.  Mary's  Hall,  1656;  ejected  for 
Nonconformity,  1660;   Tutor  to  Johu   Locke.     Three  of 
his  serms.  are  in  the  Morning  Exercises.    Discourse  of  Re- 
generation, F.iith,  and  Repentance,  Lon.,  1689. 
•  in"hly  evangelical  and  judicious." — Da.  E.  Wnu.\MS. 
Cole,  Thomas.     Sermons,  16S3,  '90,  '93. 
Cole,  Thomas.    British  Hei'ring-Fishery,  Lon.,  1753. 
Cole,  Thomas.  Discourses.  Poems, Lon.,  1762. '95, '97. 
Cole,    Thomas,    1801-1847,    artist   and   author,    b. 
in  Lancashire,  Eng.;  settled  in  the  U.S.,  1819.    The  Spirit 
of  the  Wilderness;  a  Dramatic  Poem.  MS.,  1835.  Sec  Eulogy 
by  Wm.  C.  Bryant,  and  Life  and  Works,  by  his  friend.  Rev. 
L.  L.  Noble.  N.Y.,  1855,  12mo. 

Cole,  William.  The  Irish  Cabinet,  Lon.,  1645,  fol. 
Cole,  William,  1628-1662,  an  English  botanist,  en- 
tered of  Merton  College.  Oxford,  1642;  secretary  to  Diippa, 
Bishop  of  Winchester,  1660.  The  Art  of  Simpling,  Lon., 
1656,  12mo.  Adam  in  Eden,  or  Nature's  Paradise:  the 
Hist,  of  Plants,  Herbs,  and  Flowers,  1657,  fol.  This  work 
was  a  favourite  iu  its  day. 

"  Cole  Ijecame  the  most  famous  simpler  or  hotiinist  of  his  time." 
Cole,  William,  M.D.,  graduated  at  Oxford,  1666, 
practised  at  Bristol.  De  Secretione  Animali  Cogitati, 
Oxon.,  1674,  Svo.  Purpurea  Anglicana:  on  a  Fish  found 
near  the  Severn,  Lon.,  16S9,  4to.  De  Mech.anica,  Ac.,  1693, 
Svo.  Treatise  on  Apoplexies,  1689,  Svo;  on  Fevers,  1693, 
Svo.  Epilepsy,  1702,  Svo.  Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1676, '85. 
Cole,  William,  Rod  for  the  Lawyers,  1659,  4to. 
Cole,  William.  Impris.  for  Debt,  1680,  4to. 
Cole,  William,  1714-1782,  an  eminent  anticjuary  and 
a  divine,  a  native  of  Cambridgeshire,  was  educated  at  Clare 
H.all  and  King's  Ccdlege,  Cambridge;  F.S.A.,  1747;  Rec- 
tor of  Ilornsey,  1749;  of  Bletchley,  1767;  Vicar  of  Burn- 
ham,  1774.  in  1705  he  accompanied  his  friend  Horace 
Walpolo  to  Franco,  and  had  some  thoughts  of  a  permanent 
residence  there;  probahly  in  consequence  of  his  partiality 
for  the  Roman  Catholic  religion.  He  was  an  industrious 
antiquary,  and  contributed  to  Grose's  Antiquaries;  Ben- 
tham's  Ely  ;  Ducarel's  publications  ;  Philip's  Life  of  Cardi- 
nal Pole;  Gough's  British  Topography;  Memoirs  of  the 
Gentlemen's  Society  at  Spalding;  Nichols's  Collection  of 
Poems  ;  Anecdotes  of  Hogarth  ;  History  of  Hinkley  ;  Life 
of  Bowyer,  Ac.  He  was  a  zealous  collector  of  portraits, 
and  the  letters  between  Horace  AValpole  aud  himself  are 
sufficiently  amusing,  especially  that  relating  to  the  "  Alge- 
rine  Hog,"  who  carrieil  off  "  187  of  my  most  valuable  aud 
favourite  heads."  The  fidlowing  extracts  from  two  of  the 
letters  of  these  friends  will  not  be  unacceptable  to  the 
reader : 

"  My  poor  dear  Madame  du  Deffand's  little  dog  is  arrived.     She 
made  me  promise  to  take  care  of  it,  the  last  time  I  saw  her,  should 
404 


Hist,  and  I  than  50  of  which  relate  to  his  projected  AthenaJ.     In  a  fit 


of  despondency  respecting  the  completion  of  his  labours, 
he  thus  laments : 

"  In  gi^od  truth,  whoever  undertakes  this  drudgery  of  an  Athenje 
Cantal'iigiens.-s  must  be  contented  with  no  prospect  of  credit  and 
reputation  to  himself,  and  with  the  mortifv  ing  relleclion  that  after 
all  his  pains  and  study,  through  life,  he  must  be  looked  upon  iu 
an  hunitile  light,  and  only  as  a  journeymen  to  Anthony  Wood, 
whose  excellent  book  of  the  same  sort  will  ever  preclude  any  other, 
who  shall  follow  him  in  the  same  track,  from  all  hopes  of  fame;  and 
will  oidy  represent  him  as  an  indtator  of  so  original  a  pattern.  For 
at  this  "time  of  day.  all  great  chixracters.  both  Cantabrigians  and 
Oxonians,  are  already  published  to  the  world,  either  in  his  book, 
or  vai  ions  others ;  so'  that  the  collection,  unless  t  he  same  characters 
are  reprinted  here,  must  he  made  up  of  second-rate  persons,  and 
the  refuse  of  authorship.  However,  as  1  have  begun,  and  made 
so  large  a  progress  in  this  undertaking,  it  is  death  to  think  of  Uuk- 
ivg  it  off, — though,  from  the  former  considerations,  so  little  credit 
is  to  be  expected  from  '\\,:'—Qwite.d  by  Disraeli  from  a  ft y-ka/ of 
1777.     See  Miscellanies  of  Literature. 

Now,  no  one  could  better  confute  this  sophistry  than  Cole 
could,  and  did  himself  by  his  protracted  labours.     When 
will  some  Cambridge  m.an,  endued  with  the  spirit  of  John 
Cains, — ik/c  De  Antiquitate  Cantabrigienses  Aeademicas, 
— arise  to  take  away  the  reproach  from  his  alma  mater? 
Cole,  William.     Nature  of  Light,  Col.,  1777,  Svo. 
Cole,  William.     Key  to  the  Psalms,  Camb.,  1788, 
Svo.     Poems,  Ac.  1790, '96, '99.     Con.  to  Archa;ol.,  1789 : 
The  Horns  given  bv  Henry  1.  to  the  Cathedral  of  Carlisle. 
Cole,  William,  D.D.,  Preb.  Westminster.  Serm.,  1798. 
CoIc,>\  illiam.  Conversations  on  Algebra. ISIS. 12mo. 
Colehrook,  Sir  George.     Letters  on  Intolerance, 
Lon.,  1791,  Svo. 

Colehrook,  Josiah.  Antiquarian,  Astronom.,  and 
Medical  C.n.  to  An-ba-ol.,1772. '76;  Phil.  Trans.,  1769. 
Colebrooke, Henrietta.  Thoughts  of  Rousseau, 17SS. 
Colebrooke,  Henry  Thomas,  1765-1837,  an 
eminent  Oriental  scholar,  settled  in  India  in  17S2,  and 
held  many  high  positions  there.  He  comi)leted  the  Digest 
of  the  Hindu  Law  on  Contracts  and  Successions,  from  the 
Original  Sanscrit,  which  was  left  unfinished  by  the  clcath 
of  Sir  William  Jones,  Calcutta,  1797,  3  vols.  Svo;  Lon., 
ISOl,  3  vols.  Svo.  2.  Collection  of  Compositions  in  Sans- 
crit, Ac,  Calcutta,  1804,  4to.  3.  Grammar  of  the  Sanscrit 
Language,  Calcutta,  1805,  fol.  4.  Dictionary  of  the  Sans- 
crit Language,  Calcutta,  1808,  4to.  Also  several  other 
Oriental  works,  and  many  contributions  Oriental,  scien- 
tific, and  literary.  5.  Remarks  on  the  Husbandry  and  In- 
ternal Commerce  of  Bengal,  Lon.,  1800,  Svo. 

"Notwithstanding  the  lapse  of  nearly  half  a  century  since  its 
publication.  Mr.  Colebrooke's  account  of  the  husbandry  and  internal 
commerce  of  Bengal  continues  to  be  by  far  the  best  and  most  trust- 
worthy work  on  the  subject." — McCuLLOCU  :  Lit.  of  Polit.  Econ. 
Miscellaneous  Essays.  Lon.,  1837,  2  vols.  Svo. 
Colebrooke,  Robert.  On  Barren  Island  and  its 
Volcano:  Trans,  of  the  Soc.  of  Bengal,  iv.  397. 

Coleeber.     Existence  and  Nature  of  God,  1718,  Svo. 
Coleire,  Richard,  of  Isleworth.     Serms.,  1708—15. 
Coleman.     Letters  to  M.  Le  Chaise.  1678,  4to. 
Coleman.  Benjamin.     Serms.,  1717,  '2S,  '35. 
Coleman,  Charles.     S.atirical  Peerage  of  England, 
17S4,  -Ito. 
Coleman,  Charles.     Serms.,  1S17,  Svo. 
Coleman,  Charles.  Mythology  of  the  Hindus,  Lon., 
1832,  4to.     Commended  by  Lon.  Athn. 

Coleman, Eilward.  Legacies;  a  Poem,  Ac,  1679,  fol. 
Coleman,  Ed«  ard.    Foot  of  the  Horse,  179S-1S02, 
2  vols.  4  to. 
"  .\n  esteemed  work." — Lowndes. 
Other  veterinary.  Ac.  works,  1791,  1800,  '01. 
Coleman,  J.  N.   Serms.,  Doct.  and  Pract.,  1827,  Svo. 


OOL 


COL 


Coleman,  John,  D.B.,  b.  ISO.".,  at  Baltimore,  Mfl.,  an 
Episi-upul  clurgyniiin  of  great  worth  and  talents,  resident 
in  St.  Louis.  Editor  of  Faber's  Difficulties  of  Roman- 
ism, with  an  Introductory  Essay,  Phila.,  1S40 ;  of  the 
Einsoopji!  Manvial  by  Dr.  Wilmcr,  with  addits.  and  emen- 
dati<tns,  1811.  Contributions  to  various  religious  journals. 
Editor  of  the  Banner  of  the  Cross,  Phila.,  in  coujunction 
with  the  Rev.  Frederick  Ogilby. 

Coleman,  Lyman,  D.D..  born  1796,  Mass.»  grad. 
Yale  Coll.,  after  whiidi.  durin;;  tlirce  years,  he  was  Princi- 
pal in  the  Latin  (jraui.  Soluiol  at  llartfurd  ;  was  then  more 
than  four  years  tutor  in  Yale  Coll.,  where  he  studied  theo- 
logy ;  was  pastor  of  a  church  in  Belchertown,  Mass.,  for 
seven  years ;  Principal  of  the  Burr  Seminary  in  Vermont 
five  years;  Principal  of  the  Engli^^h  Department  of  Phillips 
Academy  in  Andover;  spent  a  year  in  study  in  Germany, 
and  in  travel ;  Professor  of  German  in  Princeton  Coll., 
from  which  he  received  the  degreeof  S.T.D.  1.  Antiquities 
of  the  Christian  Church,  (trans,  from  the  German;  pub.  in 
Ward's  Library  of  Standard  Divinity :  see  Williams's  Christ. 
Preacher.) 2.  The  Apostolical  and  Primitive  Church,  12nio; 
with  an  Introduc.  Essay  by  Dr.  Augustus  Neander,  Prof. 
Univ.  of  Berlin. 

••  Its  Well  (liu'estod.  and  ri;_ditly  npfilii'd,  K-arnintr.  catbnlic  spirit, 
and  comprehensi\L-  pian,  r.iiinul  l.til  t.i  pht.f  it  aniniii:  stamlaiii 
works  in  its  partimhu  liriiartim-nt,  ;iii(.i  to  ii-ii'.ier  it  su^^ervi^.■n^  to 
the  final  triuuipb  ut  Si.iii>luial  i'Uiistiaiiity." — .hiuy  IIarhls,  D.D. 

'■It  is  too  calm.  judi<i(»us,  and  ficbnlar-like  a  prodnctiou  to  lie 
allowed  to  remain  unanswered  with  safety." — Lon.  Quar.  lieiniw, 
July,  1S44. 

;i.  Hist,  Geog.  of  the  Bible,  Phila.,  1S50,  12mo,  pp.  516. 
4.  Ancient  Christianity,  Phila.,  lSo2.  8vo,  pp.  045. 

'•  It  is  the  fruit  of  labnrious  and  cnnsii.utiimw  research.  It  is 
based  upon  a  dilif;ent  study  of  tlie  eoun  i  s  ni  iIk  ivijun  arclia?olofi;y; 
and  it  presents  the  results  in  a  form  ln-tti  r  jul.qiti.d  to  our  practical 
needs  than  iiiiy  similar  work.  It  is  clear  and  also  candid  in  its 
BtiLteinents." — Hililiolhfca  Sacra,  Jan.  1S53. 

"  Vi'Q  know  nf  111)  work  in  our  languat;e  which  contains  the  same 
amount  of  intorniation  on  the  Antiquities  of  the  Church.  It  is  a 
M'ork  which, we  doubt  not.  will  long  remain  without  a  rival  in  that 
field." — Princeltm  Hevit'w. 

b.  Historical  Text-Book  and  Atlas  of  Biblical  Geography, 
Puila.,  1854,  r.  8vo;  new  ed.,  revised,  with  Appendix,  ISo'J. 

*■  Dr.  Coleman's  style  is  easy,  and  adapted  to  the  subject.  As  he 
recApitulates  and  unfolds  the  statements  of  the  Sacred  writers,  in 
the  tbrm  of  a  continuous  narrative,  the  reader  finds  himself  borne 
alont;  by  the  story,  with  uutl.agsini;  interest,  from  bey.iniiin;;  to 
end.  while  so  many  new  liL'bts  are  thrown  upon  the  subjci;t  from 
the  discoveries  of  modern  research  that  he  hardly  remembers  that 
they  are  the  same  tnpies  about  whieh  he  has  beeu  readiuf;  and 
hearing  all  his  Wi't."— Christian  Review. 

Coleman,  Thomas,  1508-1647.  a  Puritan  divine,  a 
native  of  Oxford,  was  Vicar  of  Blyton,  and  subsequently 
Rector  of  St.  Peter's,  Cornhill,  London.  Serms.  and  thuo- 
log.  treatises,  1643-46. 

Coleuso,  John  William,  Rector  of  Forncctt  St. 
Mary,  Norfolk.  Works  on  Arithmetic,  Algebra,  and  Plane 
Trigonometry  for  schools,  Lon. 

Coleny,  Thomas.  England  and  other  northern  re- 
formed Countries  reconciled  to  Pmme,  Coimbrn,  1738,  8vo. 

Colepepper,  J.  S,     Important  Facts,  1793,  8vo. 

Colcpepyr,  Robert.    Proposals  rel.  to  Harbours,  fol. 

Colepresse,  S.  Con.  to  Phih  Trans.,  1667,  8vo; 
Chemistry,  Magnetism,  Ac. 

Coler,  Richard.     Christian  Experience,  1652. 

Coleraine,  Henry  Hare,  Lord,  La  Scala  Santa ; 
a  scale  of  Devotions  upon  the  15  Psalms  of  degrees,  Lon., 
1670.  '81,  ful.  The  situation  of  Paradise  found  out;  beino- 
the  History  of  a  Late  Pilgrimage  to  the  Holy  Land,  1683, 
8vo.  This  work  has  been  attributed  to  Lord  Coleraine. 
Mr.  Todd,  in  his  Life  of  Milton,  points  this  work  out  as 
being  the  earliest  that  notices  Milton's  Paradise  Lost. 

Coleridge,  Rev,  Derwent,  son  of  Samuel  Taylor 
Coleridge,  ('/.('.;)  b.  1800,  and  finished  his  education  at 
St.  .John's  College,  Cambridge;  Prebendary  of  St.  Paul's, 
and  Principal  of  St.  Mark's  College,  Chelsea.  The  Scrip- 
tural Character  of  the  English  Church  Considered:  in  a 
Series  of  Serms.,  with  Notes.  &e..  Lon.,  1839.  8vo. 

'-Written  exclusively  for  perusal,  and  arran^'ed  as  a  connected 
whole.'' 

Lay  Serms. ;  3d  cd.,  1852.  Ed.  S.  T.  Coleridge's  Dra- 
matic Works,  1852,  12mo.  Notes  on  English  Divines, 
1S53,  2  vols.  12mo.  Poems  by  S.  T.  Coleridge,  edited  by 
Derwent  and  Sara  Coleridge,  1852,  12mo. 

Coleridge,  Hartley,  1796-1849,  eldest  son  of  Samuel 
Taylor  Coleridge,  was  educated  at  Oriel  College,  Oxford. 
He  lived  a  secluded  life  at  Grasmere,  and  on  the  hanks  of 
Rydal  Water,  contributing  to  Blackwood's  Magazine,  and 
occupied  with  other  literary  pursuits.  He  was  a  pnet  of 
no  ordinary  excellence,  and  his  sonnets  are  among  the 
best  in  modern  literature.     We  may  instance  The  First 


Sound  to  the  Human  Ear,  and  Prayer.  Mr.  Coleridge 
pub.  BiographiaBorealis;  or.  Lives  of  Distinguished  North- 
men, 1833,  4to.  Poems:  vol.  i.,  Leeds,  1833,  8vo.  The 
Worthies  of  Yorkshire  and  Lancashire,  1836.  8vo;  new  ed., 
by  Derwent  Coleridge,  Lon.,  1852,  3  vols.  12rao. 

"This  collection  of  Lives  is,  in  our  judgment,  a  work  of  such 
unusual  merit,  that  it  seems  equally  an  act  of  justice  to  the 
author,  and  a  service  to  sound  literature,  to  rescue  it  from  the 
mass  of  county  histories  and  provincial  biographies,  with  whii'h, 
iu  consequence  of  its  title,  it  runs  the  risk  of  beiug  confuuuded." 
— Quarterly  Heineiv. 

"  It  is  a  book  which  has  every  title  to  he  popular  which  a  li^ht 
and  interesting  subject,  sin'^ular  fulness  and  variety  of  interesting 
matter,  and  a  phiyful  brilliancy  of  execution,  cau  give." — Edui/- 
burgli  lin-inv. 

'■  As  a  poet  Hartley  Coleridge  holds  a  more  than  respectable 
rank.  Some  of  bis  pieces  are  exquisitely  heautiful,  and  there  are 
not  many  sonnets  iu  the  language  more  highly  finished  thau  his: 
in  these,  indeed,  his  chief  streiii;tli  lies." — ling.  Lit.  X'Alh  Century. 

"  Though  we  do  not  rank  Hartley  Coleridge  with  the  greatest 
poets,  the  most  profound  thinkers,  or  the  most  hrilliant  essayists, 
yet  we  know  of  no  single  man  who  has  left,  as  his  legacy  to  the 
world,  at  once  poems  ao  graceful,  thoughts  so  just,  and  cs.says  ao 
delectable." — Fraser's  Afag.:  repiinted  in  Living  Age,  xxx.  145. 
Read  this  article.  See  an  interesting  sketch  of  Hartley  Coleridge, 
by  a  personal  acquaintance,  George  S.  HiUard,  in  Living  Age, 
xxi.  161. 

Life  of  Andrew  Marvell,  Hull,  1835,  Svo.  Essays  and 
Marginalia,  edited  by  Derwent  Coleridge.  18.t1.2  vols.  p.  8vo. 

See  Poems  of  Hartley  Coleridge,  with  Life  by  his  bro- 
ther, Rev.  D.  Coleridge,  Lon.,  1850,  2  vols.  12mo. 

Coleridg^e,  Henry  Nelson,  d.  1843,  nephew  of 
Samuel  Taylor  Coleridge,  was  educated  at  Eton  and  at 
King's  College,  Cambritlge,  where  he  became  Fellow.  He 
accompanied  William  Haut  CoLEniDGE,  Bishop  of  Barba- 
does,  {q.  v.)  on  his  outward  voyage.  We  have  the  impres- 
sions he  derived,  in  his  work  entitled,  Six  Months  in  the 
West  Indies  in  1825  ;  anon. :  3d  ed.,  with  the  author's  name, 
1832;  now  one  of  the  series  of  Murray's  Family  Library. 
He  was  called  to  the  bar  by  the  Hon.  Society  of  the  Mid- 
dle Temple  in  1826.  Mr.  Coleridge  married  his  cousin 
Sara  Henky,  daughter  of  Samuel  Taylor  Coleridge.  (She 
is  noticed  on  ]>.  4U6.)  As  editor  of  many  of  his  uncle's  writ- 
ings, the  public  are  under  great  obligations  to  Mr.  Coleridge, 
He  edited  his  Literary  Remains,  Lon.,  1836-39,  4  vols.  8vo; 
The  Friend,  1844,  3  vols.  8vo;  Constitution  of  Church  and 
State,  1839,  Svo;  Biographia  Literaria ;  2d  ed.,  edited  partly 
by  H.  N.  C,  and  completed  by  his  widow,  1847,  2  vols,  in  3, 
Svo;  Confessions  of  an  Ini[uiring  Spirit,  1849,  8vo.  Mr. 
Coleridge  contributed  to  the  Quarterly  Review,  and  was  au- 
thor of  an  excellent  Introduction  to  the  Study  of  the  Greek 
Classic  Poets ;   1st  ed.,  1830  ;  3d  ed..  Lon..  1846,  8vo. 

■•  Written  in  that  fiesh  and  ardent  spirit,  which  to  the  congenial 
mind  of  youth,  will  convey  instruction,  in  the  most  effective 
manner,  by  awakening  the  desire  of  it,  and  by  enlisting  the  lively 
and  buoyant  feelings  in  the  cause  of  useful  and  improving  study; 
while  by  its  pregnant  brevity,  it  is  more  likely  to  stimulate  than 
to  supersede  more  profound  and  extensive  research.  We  sh.all  be 
much  mistaken  if  it  does  not  become  as  popular  as  it  is  useful.*' — 
Quarti'.rhi  Rmfw. 

Coleridge,  James  Duke,  Vicar  of  Kenwin  and  Kea, 
Cornwall.  Observations  of  a  Parish  Priest,  or  Scenes  of 
Sickness  and  Death.  Truro,  12mo.  Practical  Advice  to  the 
Young  Parish  Priest,  Lon.,  1834,  12mo. 

Coleridge,  Sir  John  Taylor,  b.  1790,  nephew  of 
S.  T.  Coleridge,  grad.  at  Oxford.  Ed.  Blackstone's  Com- 
mentaries, with  Notes.  Lon.,  1825.  4  vols.  Svo. 

Coleridge,  John,  Vicar  of  Ottcry  St.  Mary;  father 
of  Samuel  Taylor  Coleridge.     A  Critical  Latin  Grammar. 

"  By  no  means  an  ordinary  production."— Lon.  Gent.  M'ltj. 

Miscellaneous  Dissertations  arising  from  the  17th  and 
ISth  Chapters  of  the  Book  of  Judges,  Lon.,  1768,  Svo. 

"The.se  dissertations  contain  a  new  translation  of  the  above 
chapters,  with  critical  remarks  on  them  and  on  a  number  of  other 
pas.sages;  besides  disquisitions  on  the  l'roseucha^  or  the  Star 
Gods;  on  the  conversive  Van,  and  some  other  subjects.  The 
author  appears  to  have  been  a  man  of  learning  and  research."— 
Oi"me's  Bihl.  Bih. 

^Coleridge,  Samuel  Taylor,  son  of  the  preceding, 
1772-1834,  one  of  the  most  distinguished  literary  charac- 
ters of  modern  days,  was  a  native  of  the  market-town  of  Ot- 
tery  St.  Mary,  in  Devonshire.  He  received  his  early  edu- 
cation at  Christ's  Hospital,  where  he  became  senior-Gre- 
cian, or  head  scholar,  and  obtained  an  exhibition  to  Jesus 
College,  Cambridge,  where  he  remained  from  1791  to  1793. 
Finding  himself  in  London  without  resources  or  prospects, 
he  enlisted  in  the  15th  Elliot's  Light  Dragoons.  That  he 
was  not  happy  in  this  situation,  may  be  inferred  from  a 
Latin  sentence  which  he  one  day  wrote  on  the  stable-wall 
under  his  saddle: 

'■  Eheu  !  quam  infortuni  miserrimum  est  fuisse  felicem !" 
This  scrap  of  learning  elicited  an  inquiry  on  the  part  of 
his  captain,  which   led   to   the    restoration   of  the   young 
scholar  to  his  friends.     In  1794  he  published  The  Fall  of 

405 


COL 


COL 


Robespierre,  a  Hist.  Dranja,  and  a  volume  ofPoems;  and  |  ^Wg^;----"-^  ^d^upo^j-^nd  n^ 


the  next  year  two   politieal  pamphlets — Cunciones  ad     °°^"^a7e"the"mo5t  unrestrained  induljjenre  to  his  speech— and 
Populum,  or  Addresses  to  the  People,  and  a  Protest  aj^ainst  ,  jj„^y  fraught  with  acuteness  and  ori;^iuality  was  that  speech,  and 
certain    Bills    then    pending    for   Suppressing    Seditious  '  in  what  copious  and  eloquent  periods  did  it  flow! 
Meetings.     At  that  time  he  was  a  zealous  Democrat  and  '  "     '  ' 


a  Unitarian,  with  which  sentiments  his  later  tenets  pre- 
sented a  remarkable  contrast.  Hunger,  however,  io 
Htronger  than  speculation,  and  as  a  means  of  livelihood, 
our  young  enthusiast — who,  with  Southey,  ^Vordsworth, 
and  Lovell,  had  contempLated  the  establijhment  of  a  Pan- 
tisocraoy  on  the  banks  of  the  Susquehanna — consented  to 
write  politics  for  the  Morning  Post,  a  supporter  of  Govern- 
ment. The  three  friends,  instead  of  emigrating,  married 
three  sisters,  Misses  Fricker  of  Bristol.  In  1798,  by  the 
liberality  of  Josiah  and  Thomas  Wedgewood,  he  was 
enabled  to  spend  some  time  in  Germany,  where  he  pursued 
his  studies  with  great  diligence.  In  1812  he  pub.  a  series 
of  Essays  entitled  The  Friend,  which  extended  to  twenty- 
seven  numbers ;  in  the  year  following  appeared  Remorse, 
a  Tragedy  ;  and  in  1S16.  by  the  persuasion  of  Lord  Byron, 
Christabel  was  given  to  the  world.  This  poem,  with  the 
Rime  of  the  Ancient  Mariner  and  Genevieve,  attained  a 
popularity  which  has  been  perpetuated  to  the  present  day. 
To  these  poetical  pieces  must  be  added  Zapoyla,  a  Drama, 
founded  on  The  Winter's  Tale,  pub.  in  1818,  and  some 
minor  poems.  A  complete  edition  of  his  Poems  in  3  vols, 
was  issued  by  Pickering,  not  long  before  the  author's  death. 
Of  his  prose  works  may  be  mentioned  The  Statesman's 
Manual,  or  the  Bible  the  Best  Guide  to  Political  Skill  and 
Foresight;  a  Lay  Sermon,  1816;  a  second  Lay  Sermon, 
1817;  Biographia  Literaria,  1817,  2  vols.;  Aids  to  Reflec- 
tion, 1S25;  On  the  Constitution  of  Church  and  State,  1830  ; 
Lectures  on  Shakspeare;  Table  Talk;  Theory  of  Life. 
He  planned  several  great  works  which  were  never  com- 
mitted to  paper.  Indeed,  an  excessive  use  of  ()pium, 
added  to  a  native  want  of  energy,  produced  an  indolent 
habit,  and  lack  of  application,  which  were  fatal  to  the  pro- 
secution of  any  extensive  project.  After  a  wandering  life, 
residing  in  the  houses  of  friends,  alternately  lecturing  and 
contributing  to  periodicals,  he  settled  in  1816  with  Mr. 
Gilman,  a  physician  at  Highgate,  and  remained  in  his 
family  until  his  death  in  1834.  A  month  or  two  before 
his  decease  he  composed  his  own  epitaph  : 
"Stop,  Christian  passer-ljy!  Stop.  Child  otOodl 

And  read  with  i^.-ntli-  tireast.    Beneath  this  sod 

A  poet  lies,  or  tliat  wliiih  once  seemed  he; 

0  lift  a  thought  iu  prayer  for  S.  T.  C. ! 

That  he  who  many  a  year  with  toil  of  breath 

Found  death  iu  liio.  may  hero  find  life  in  death  I 

Mercy,  for  praise — to  be  forgiven,  for  Fame — 

He  asked,  and  hoped  through  Christ.     Do  thou  the  .same." 

His  Poetical  and  Dramatic  Works  were  pub.  in  1847,  3 
Tols.  Svo.  The  Friend,  edited  by  H.  N.  Coleridge,  1844, 
3  vols.  Svo.  Essays  on  his  own  Times ;  2d  series  of  The 
Friend;  edited  by  his  daughter,  1850,  3  vols.  Svo.  Aids 
to  Reflection ;  5th  cd.,  enlarged,  1843,  2  vols.  Svo.  Con- 
stitution of  Church  and  State  ;  edited  by  H.  N.  Coleridge, 
1839,  Svo.  Confessions  of  an  Inquiring  Spirit,  &c.,  edited 
by  H.  N.  Coleridge,  1849,  Svo.  Literary  Remains,  col- 
lected and  edited  by  H.  N.  Coleridge,  1836-39,  4  vols.  Svo. 
Biographia  Literaria,  partly  edited  by  H.  N.,  and  partly 
by  iVIrs.  IL  N.  Coleridge,  183S,  2  vols.  Svo;  5th  and  con- 
cluding vol.,  by  Derwcnt  Coleridge,  1853,  who  also  con- 
templates issuing  a  Life  of  his  father,  and  a  collected 
edition  of  his  works.  To  his  works  should  be  added  The 
Ideal  of  Life,  edited  by  Dr.  Watson,  his  Life  by  James 
Gillman,  Lon.,  1838,  1  vol.  Svo,  and  Joseph  Cottle's  Remi- 
niscences of  Coleridge  and  Southey,  Lon.,  1847.  Svo.  As 
a  conversationist,  Coleridge  enjoyed  a  remarkable  repu- 
tation. He  loved  to  keep  the  field  entirely  to  himself; 
and  hour  after  hour— if  the  auditors  could  spare  the  time- 
would  he  pour  forth  "things  new  and  old,"  illustrated  by 
a  "  boundless  range  of  scientific  knowledge,  brilliancy  and 
exquisite  nicety  of  illustration,  deep  and  ready  reasoning, 
immensity  of  bookish  lore,  dramatic  stoiy,  joke,  and  pun." 
His  friend  Charles  Lamb  gave  a  significant  hint  to  Cole- 
ridge of  his  propensity  to  monopolize,  in  answering  the  que- 
ry of  the  latter — "  Charles,  did  you  ever  hear  me  preach  ?" 
(When  young,  he  sometimes  filled  the  Unitarian  pulpit  at 
Taunton.)  "  I  never  heard  you  do  any  thing  else,"  replied 
Lamb.  Dr.  Dibdin  gives  us  a  graphic  sketch  of  the  impres- 
sion produced  upon  him  by  Coleridge's  conversation  : 

"  I  shall  never  forget  the  etfect  his  first  conversation  made  upon 
me  at  the  first  meeting.  It  struck  me  as  si.mclliiog  not  only  out 
of  the  ordinary  coursw  of  things,  but  as  an  intellectual  exhibition 
altogether  matchless.  The  party  was  unusually  largo,  hut  the 
presence  of  Coleridge  concentr.ited  all  attention  towards  him- 
self. The  viands  were  unusually  costly,  and  the  l^mquet  was  at 
©nee  rich  and  varied;  but  there  seemed  to  be  no  dish  like  Cole- 


The  auditorti 
seemed' to"  be"wrapt  in  wonder  and  delight,  as  one  observation 
more  profound,  or  clothed  in  more  forcible  language  than  another, 
fell  from  his  tongue.  .  .  .  For  neaily  two  hours  he  spoke  with 
unhesitating  and  uninterrupted  fluency.  As  1  retired  homeward 
I  thou"ht  a  SECOND  Jobsson  had  visited  the  earth  to  make  wise 
the  sons  of  men;  and  regretted  that  I  could  not  exercise  the 
powers  of  a  second  lioswEtL  to  record  the  wisdom  and  the  elo^ 
nuence  which  had  that  evening  flown  from  the  orator's  lips.  It 
haunted  me  as  I  retired  to  rest.  It  drove  away  slumber."— Z>!0- 
rf/Ti'.s-  Ti'cnn'ju'.sccTicy.  i.  254. 

In  his  Illustrations  of  Scripture,  Mr.  Coleridge  was  more 
largely  indebted  to  Cocceius  than  to  any  other  commenta- 
tor. The  reader  should  procure  an  essay,  reprinted  from 
the  Eclectic  Review,  entitled,  The  Relation  of  Philosophy 
to  Theology,  and  Theology  to  Religion,  or  S.  T.  Coleridge, 
his  Philosophy  and  Theology.  It  is  to  be  regretted  that 
Coleridge  did  not  devote  himself  in  earnest  to  the  prepara- 
tion of  the  great  undeveb.ped  work  which  so  long  haunted 
his  imagination.  We  must  doubt  if  he  could  ever  have 
succeeded  in  his  ambitious  aspirations  to  "  reduce  all  know- 
ledge into  harmony"— "  to  unite  the  insulated  fragments 
of  truth,  and  therewith  to  frame  a  perfect  mirror;"  but 
that  he  could  have  produced  a  magnum  opiii,  who  can 
doubt?  To  those  not  familiar  with  the  plaudits  of  Colo- 
ridge's  admirers,  the  degree  of  admiration  which  was  la- 
vished upon  him  will  appear  almost  absurd.  No  less  a 
man  than  De  Quincey  speaks  of  him  as 

"  This  illustrious  man,  the  largest  and  most  spacious  int-'llect, 
the  subtlest  and  most  comprehensive,  in  my  judgment,  that  has 
yet  existed  amongst  men."— Literal  i/  Jiemimscmccs. 
Lord  Egmont  declares  that 

"  No  man  had  ever  been  better  qualified  to  revive  the  heroic  pe- 

riod  of  literature  in  England,  and  to  give  a  character  of  weight  to 

the  philosophic  erudition  of  the  country  upon  the  contment."— 

Ubim/pra.  , 

Another  most  respectable  authority  gravely  records  his 

judgment: 

•'  i  think,  with  all  his  laults,  old  Sam  was  more  of  a  great  man 
than  any  one  that  has  lived  within  the  four  seas  in  my  memory. 
It  is  refreslnng  to  see  such  a  union  of  the  highest  philosophy  and 
poetry  with  so  full  a  knowledge,  in  so  many  points  at  least,  of 
particular  fa.;ts."— Dr.  .^rnolti:  Lultrr  to  W.  W.  Hull,  Esq. 

John  Foster,  himself  a  moral  philosopher  of  no  ordinary 
rank,  tells  us  that 

"  Ills  mind  contains  an  astonishing  map  of  all  sorts  of  know- 
ledge while  iu  his  power  and  manner  of  putting  it  to  use,  he  dis- 
plays'more  of  what  we  mean  by  the  term  genius  than  any  mortal 
I  ever  saw,  or  ever  expect  to  see."  _  _  _ 

A  short  extract  from  a  well-known  and  favourite  criUc 
must  bring  our  article  to  a  conclusion : 

"  On  his  incomparable  ■  Genevieve'  he  has  lavished  all  the  melt- 
in"  graces  of  poetry  and  chivalry ;  in  his  'Ancient  Mariner'  he  has 
safled,  and  in  his  '  Christabel'  flown,  to  the  very  limits  of  mven- 
tion  and  belief,  and  in  his  chaunt  of  •  Fire.  Famine,  and  slaugh- 
ter '  he  has  revived  the  vehement  strains  of  the  slbjls.  or  rather 
furies,  and  given  us  a  song  worthy  of  the  prime  agents  of  perdi- 
tion .  His  translation  of  ■  Wallenstein'  1  have  heard  commended 
by  good  judges,  as  superior  to  the  drama  whose  language  it  pro- 
fesses to  -re.-ik ;  and  his  '  Remorse,'  though  a  play  for  the  closet 
nihil-  tliau  the  stage.  h.is  p.assages  full  of  p.assion  and  Are.  In 
priiM'  lii-  iiuwirs  are  not  .all  equal;  he  is  occasionally,  indeed,  gra- 
pliic  and  liv.lv.  as  when  he  gives  an  account  of  his  voyage;  often 
dramatic  in  the  description  of  his  success  as  a  preacher  of  lay  sei^ 
mons;  but  he  is  too  frequently  obscure  and  mystical.  ...  As  his 
fame  will  be  settled  by  his  best  poems,  he  is  as  sure  of  future  repu- 
tation as  any  poet  of  this  age."— All.un  CuN.NIKoniU  :  £ii,g.  and 
Crit.  Hist,  of  the  Lit.  of  the  last  bO  ytars. 

Coleridge,  Sara  Henry,  1803-1852,  only  daughter 
of  Samuel  Taylor  Coleridge,  and  widow  of  his  ncphcvy, 
Henry  Nelson  Coleridge;  h.  at  Keswick.  As  the  able  edi- 
tor of  her  father's  works,  {q.  v..)  as  a  translator,  and  by  her 
original  compositions,  she  has  added  to  the  family  laurels, 
'frans.  from  the  Latin  of  Martin  Dobrizhofi'er's  Account 
of  the  Abipones,  an  Equestrian  People  of  Paraguay,  Lon., 
1822,  3  vols.  Svo. 

"My  dear  (Jau"hter's  translation  of  this  hook  is.  in  my  judg- 
ment, unsurpassed  for  pure  mother  English."— S.  T.  Colebidue. 

The  reader  will  find  the  work  a  most  interesting  account 
of  savage  life.     Phantasmion,  a  Tale,  1837,  Svo. 

" •  Phantasmion'  is  not  a  poem;  but  it  is  poetry  from  begin- 
ning to  end.  and  has  many  pneras  iu  it.  A  Fairy  Tale,  nnique  m 
its  kind  pure  as  a  crystal  in  diction,  tinted  like  the  opal  with  the 
hues  of  an  evei'-springing  sunlit  fancy."— i"».  Quarterly  Iltvitw. 
Pretty  Lessons  for  Good  Children,  ISmo. 
"  With  an  imagination  like  a  prism,  shedding  rainbow  changes 
on  her  thoughts,'  she  shows  study  without  the  afl^ectation  of  it, 
and  a  Greek-like  closeness  of  expression." 

Coleridge,  William  Hart,  D.D.,  1790-1S50,  Bishop 
of  Barbadoes  and  the  Leeward  Islands,  only  son  of  Luko 
H  Coleridge,  was  educated  at  Christ  Church,  Oxlord.  In 
1824  ho  was  consecrateil  the  first  Bishop  of  Barbadoe.s, 
resigned  iu  1841,  on  account  of  the  failure  of  his  health. 


COL 


COL 


Address  to  Candidates  for  Holy  Orders  in  the  Diocese  of 
Barbadoes,  Lon.,  1829,  12mo.  Charges  delivered  to  the 
Clergy  of  the  Diocese  of  Earbadoes  and  the  Leeward  Is- 
lands, Lon.,  1S35,  8vo.     Sermons,  Lon.,  1841,  '42. 

Coles,  Elisha,  d.  1688,  Steward  of  Magdalen  College, 
Oxford  ;  subsequently  Clerk  to  the  East  India  Company. 
Practical  Discourse  of  tJod'a  Sovereignty,  Lon.,  1673,  4to. 
14th  ed..  1768. 

"One  of  the  most  useful  and  the  best  known  to  all  experimental 
Christians  of  any  written  in  any  languajre." — 1»R.  Ryland. 

"  Coles  is  equally  argumentative,  Scriptural,  and  practical." — 
Dr.  E.  Williams. 

"  Many  good  thoughts,  but  hardly  guarded  enough." — BiOKEES- 

TETH. 

Vfm.  Sellon  wrote  an  answer  to  Coles,  entitled,  Defence 
of  God's  Sovereignty  against  the  impious  and  horrible  As- 
persions cast  upon  it  by  Elisha  Coles,  1770, 12mo.  Romaine 
commends  Coles's  Discourse  in  high  terms,  and  Dr.  E. 
Williams  tells  the  following  anecdote  concerning  it: 

"Wh&n  setting  out  in  the  ways  of  God,  I  found  this  book  sin- 
gularly usefuL  A  carnal  minister(who  had  gravely  recommended 
for  my  perusal  Dean  vSvvift's  'Tale  of  a  Tub')  observing  my  par- 
tiality to  it,  remarked  with  emotion,  'If  the  doctrines  contained 
in  that  book  be  true,  I  am  sure  to  go  to  hell ;'  I  then  replied,  what 
I  now  deliberately  confirm;  '  If  these  doctrines  be  not  true,  I  have 
no  hope  of  going  to  heaven,'" 

AVe  have  read  the  work  with  the  attention  and  interest 
which  the  subject  demands  ;  but  instead  of  giving  our 
opinion  of  its  merits,  we  consider  that  we  do  better  by 
quoting  both  pro  and  con. 

Coles,  Slisha^  b.  about  1640,  nephew  of  the  preced- 
ing, a  schoolmaster,  educated  at  Magdalen  College.  The 
Complete  English  Schoolmaster,  Lon.,  1674,  8vo.  Short 
Hand,  1674,  8vo.  In  this  work  he  improves  upon  Mason. 
English  Dictionary,  1677,  8vo.  Dictionary  English-Latin, 
Latin-English.  1677.  4to;  ISth  ed.,  1772,  Svo.  Harmony 
of  the  Euur  Evangelists,  1671,  Svo.  Other  educational 
works.     Dictionary  of  Heraldry,  1725,  Svo,  (tc. 

Coles,  Gilbert,  D.D.  Theophilus  and  Philodoxus, 
Lon..  1574,  4to  ;  rel.  to  Ch.  of  England  and  Ch.  of  Rome. 

Coles,  Joseph,  England  to  he  walled  with  Gold, 
and  to  have  the  Silver  as  plentiful  as  the  Stones  of  the 
Street,  Lnn.,  1700,  4:to.  This  prophecy  still  awaits  the 
time  of  its  iultilment. 

Coles,  R.     Certayne  Godly  Exercises,  &c.,  Lon.,  Svo. 

Coles,  Thomas.     Sermon,  1813. 

Coles,  Thomas,  D.D.     Sermon,  1664,  4to. 

Coles,  William.     See  Cole. 

Colet,  John,  D.D.  1466-1519,  Founder  of  St.  Paul's 
School ;  entered  Magdalen  College,  Oxford,  14S3 :  Rector 
of  Denington,  1485  ;  of  Thyrniug  in  the  .same  year;  Dean 
of  St.  Paul's,  1505.  His  lectures,  and  those  of  his  coadju- 
tors Grocyn  and  Sowle,  did  much  to  prepare  the  way  for 
the  Reformation  by  calling  public  attention  to  the  Holy 
Scriptures.  The  boldness  of  Colet  excited  the  animosity 
of  Dr.  Fitz  James,  Bishop  of  London.  Whilst  travelling 
on  the  Continent,  Colet  became  acquainted  with  Budoeus, 
Erasmus,  and  other  learned  men,  and  studied  the  Greek 
tongue,  then  much  neglected  in  England  :  so  much  so  in- 
deed, that  it  was  a  proverb,  Cave  d  Gnects,  ne  Jlas  hxertti- 
cue — Beware  uf  Greek,  lest  you  become  a  heretic.  Its  in- 
troduction at  Oxford  was  viulently  opposed.  Colet,  whilst 
yet  living,  appropriated  his  property  to  the  founding  of 
St.  Paul's  School.  He  appointed  William  Lilly  first  master 
in  1512. 

Responsis  ad  Dissertatiunculam  Erasmi  de  Pavore,  Colon., 
1519,  4to.  Oratio  habita  a  Doctore  Johanne  Colet,  De- 
cano  Sancti  Pauli,  ad  Clerum  in  Convoeatione,  anno  1511. 
Rudimenta  Grammatices  £i  Joanne  Coleto.  Decano  Sancti 
Pauli,  Liiudin.,  in  Usum  Schol«  ab  ipso  Instituta?,  [com- 
monly called  Paul's  Accidence,]  1539,  Svo.  The  Con- 
struction of  the  Eight  Parts  of  »Speech,  entitled  Absolutis- 
simus  de  octo  orationis  Partium  coustructione  libellus. 
This,  with  some  alterations  and  considerable  additions, 
forms  the  syntax  in  Lilly's  Gi'ammar,  Antwerp,  1530,  Svo. 
Daily  Devotions,  Lon.,  1693,  Svo.  Monition  to  a  Godly 
Life.  1534,  Svo.  Epistolte  ad  Erasmum.  Serm.  on  Rom. 
xii.  2,  on  Conforming  and  Reforming,  Camb..  1661,  12mo  ; 
see  the  Phcenix,  ii.  iii.  23.  Life  of  Dean  Colet,  by  Dr.  Sa- 
muel Knight,  Lon.,  1724,  Svo;  ditto,  by  Erasmus,  see 
Phoenix,  ii.  13;  and  see  Wordsworth's  Eccl.  Biog.  i.  433; 
Statutes  of  Dean  Colet,  Lon..  1816,  Svo. 

"  He  [Bishop  Fitz  .Tames]  would  have  made  the  old  dean  Colet 
of  Paules  an  heretick  for  tran.slating  the  Pater  noster  in  English, 
had  not  the  bishop  of  Canterbury  (Warham)  helpt  the  dean." — 
Ttndal:  aiuwer  itntn  M.  More. 

"  He  should  have  bin  burnt  if  God  had  not  turned  the  King's 
heart  to  the  ontrarie."' — Lafimcr's  ,'^ermons,  1595,  4to. 

'■  So  exquisitely  learned,  that  all  Tully's  works  were  as  familiar 
to  him,  as  his  epistles.    He  was  also  no  stranger  to  Plato  and  Plo- 


tinus,whom  he  not  only  read,  but  conferred  and  paralleled,  perusing 
the  one  as  a  commentary  on  the  other.  And  as  for  the  matbiina- 
tii.-ks,  there  was  scarce  any  part  thereof  wherein  he  was  not  st-on 
above  his  years." — Wood's  account  of  Colet,  iit  the  time  when  he 
was  "  licensed  to  proceed  in  arts." 

The  reader,  however,  is  to  understand  that  Colet  read 
Plato  and  Plotiuus  through  the  medium  of  the  Latin 
translations:  Greek  was  scarce  in  Colet's  college-daya. 
The  statutes  of  St.  Paul's  School  require  that  the  master 
is  to  be  "  learned  in  good  and  clene  Latin  literature,  and 
also  in  Greke,  if  euck  mrn/  be  gotten," 

Colet,  John  A.  Review  of  the  Life  and  Writings  of 
John  Wesley,  Lon.,  1791,  Svo.  Letter  to  Thos.  Coke  and 
H.  More,  1792,  8vo. 

Coleveuman,  John.     True  Alarm,  Lon.,  1654,  fol. 

Coley,  HeiirV"  Clavis  Astrologiea,  Lon.,  1669,  Svo; 
1676,  Svo.  Almanack  for  1690,  &,c.  Starry  Messenger  for 
16S1,  Lon.,  12mo.  Coley,  once  a  tailor,  became  a  noted 
astrologer. 

Coley,  James  M.,  M.D.  Profes.  treatises,  1S06-12. 
A  Practical  Treatise  on  the  Diseases  of  Children,  Lon., 
1846,  Svo. 

'•  A  very  useful  and  interesting  addition  to  medical  literature." 
— Lon,  Lancet. 

Coley,  William.    Ague  at  Bridgeworth,  1785,  Svo. 

Colgaii,  John,  an  Iri.-*h  friar,  Mendicant,  and  Divinity 
Lecturer  in  the  University  of  Louvain.  Acta  vSauctorum 
veteris  et  Majoris  Scotise,  seu  Hiberniie  Sanctorum  lusulee, 
&c.,  Lovanii,  1645,  fol. 

"  In  this  volume  he  has  hooked  in  most  of  the  old  holy-men  and 
women  in  England  and  Scotland:  so  that  even  Dempster  himself 
could  not  be  more  intent  on  multiplying  the  Scotch  army  of  saints 
and  martyrs,  than  Colgau  of  raising  recruits  for  that  of  his  own 
native  country." — Bishop  Nicolson:  Irish  Hist.  Library. 

Acta  Triadis  Thaumaturgse  sive  Divorum  Patricii,  Co- 
lumbie  et  Brigida^,  Ac,  Lovanii,  2  vols.  fol. 

"  Into  these  he  has  transcribed  all  the  long  and  short  lives  that 
he  could  meet  with,  either  in  print  or  manuscript,  which  had  been 
written  of  these  three  £±mous  and  contemporary  saints." — Uhi 
supra. 

These  three  vols,  were  marked  in  a  bookseller's  cata- 
logue. £20. 

Tractatus  de  Vita  Joannis  Scoti  Doctoris  Subtilis,  Ant- 
werp, 1655,  Svo. 

Colinson,  Robert.     Book  Keeping,  Edin.,  1683. 

Collard,  John,  pub.  some  works  under  his  name  re- 
versed, (■.  c,  John  Dhalloc.  Life.  &c.  of  J.  H.  Hobera, 
Lon.,  1794,  2  vols.  12mo.  Epitome;  2d  ed.,  called  The  Es- 
sentials of  Logic,  1796,  Svo.  Praxis  of  Logic  for  Schools, 
1799,  Svo. 

Collard,  Thomas.  The  Fatal  Period,  1748,  Svo ;  on 
Ezek.  xviii.  31. 

College,  Stephen.     His  Trial,  Ac,  1681,  fol. 

Collens,  John.     To  the  Anabaptists,  Lon.,  1660,  4to. 

Colics,  Abraham,  M.D.  Surgical  Anatomy,  part  1, 
Dubl.,  ISll,  Svo.  Lectures  on  Surgery,  Lon.,  1S45,  2  vols. 
12mo. 

"  Even  without  the  precious  impress  of  Mr.  Colles's  name,  any 
prar*tii.al  man  looking  over  these  pages  would  at  once  perceive  that 
he  was  reading  the  doctrine  of  a  master  in  the  art." — Bmt.  and 
For.  Medical  Review. 

Colles,  Richard.  Reports  in  Parliament,  1697-1713, 
Dubl.,  17S9,  Svo.     This  forms  vol.  8th  of  Brown's  Cases. 

Collet,  Henry.     Laws  rel.  to  Estates,  &c..  1754,  Svo. 

Collet,  John,  M.D.  Med.  Trans.,  1772.  Phil.  Trans., 
xi.  S7. 

Collet,  Joseph.     Sermons,  1713,  '42. 

Collet,  Samnel.  Paraphrase  on  the  7  Cath.  Epistlea; 
after  the  manner  of  Dr.  S.  Clarke's  Parap.  on  the  Evangel. 
1734,  Svo. 

Collet,  Samuel,  M.D.     Restor.  of  the  Jews,  1747. 

Collet,  Stephen.   Relics  of  Literature,  Lon. ,1823, Svo. 

"  Contains  upwards  of  260  very  amusing  .articles,  many  of  them 
notices  of  Hare  and  Curious  Books." — Lon.  Literary  Gazette.. 

This  is  a  work  which  should  be  in  the  possession  of 
every  bibliographer. 

Colleton,  John.    Defence  of  some  Priests,  Lon.,  1602. 

Collett,  J.     Three  Discourses,  1774,  Svo. 

CoUett,  Jolm.     Sacred  Dramas,  1805,  12mo. 

Colley,  John.     Observation  con.  Religion,  1612,  4to. 

Colliber,  Samuel.  Columna  Rostrata  :  or  a  Critical 
Hist,  of  English  Sea  Affairs,  1727.  Theolog.  treatises, 
1719.  *34.  '35,  '37. 

Collier,  Arthur.  Clavis  Universalis;  or  a  New  In- 
quiry after  Truth,  Lon.,  1713,  Svo.     Serms.,  1713,  '16,  '30. 

Collier,  Giles.  Answer  to  E.  Fisher's  15  Questions, 
Lon.,  1656.  4to.  Vindicise  Thesium  de  Sabbato,  1656. 
Serms..  Oxf..  1661. 

Collier,  Miss  Jane.  Art  of  Tormenting,  1753,  4to. 
New  edit.,  entitled  The  Art  of  Ingeniously  Tormenting, 

407 


COL 

with  proper  rules  for  the  exercise  of  that  agreeable  study, 
Lon.,  lSi)4.  8v(i.     What  a  subject  for  a  lady's  pen  ! 

Collier,  Jeremy,  1660-1726,  au  Knglish  Nonjuring 
bishop  of  great  celebrity,  was  b.  at  Stow-with-Quy,  in 
Cambridgeshire.  His  father  and  grandfather  were  both 
clergymen  of  the  Church  of  England.  In  166"J  he  was 
admiitcd  a  poor  scholar  of  Caius  College,  Cambridge.  He 
was  urilained  deacon  in  1676,  and  took  jtricf^t's  orders  the 
year  following.  After  officiating  for  some  time  at  the 
Countess-dowager  of  Dorset's  in  Knowle,  in  Kent,  in  1679 
he  removed  to  the  rectory  of  Ampton,  near  St.  Edmund's 
Bury  in  Suffolk.  In  1685  he  removed  to  London,  and  ac- 
cepted the  post  of  lecturer  at  Gray's  Inn.  He  pub.  a 
Sermon  in  1686,  and  The  Office  of  a  Chaplain,  in  1688. 
At  the  Revolution  he  refused  the  oath  of  allegiance,  and 
with  that  undaunted  courage  and  zeal  which  always  dis- 
tinguished him,  he  openly  espoused  the  cause  of  James  II., 
and  vindicated  the  refusal  of  his  Nonjuring  brethren.  We 
remember  au  acute  observation  of  Mr.  Burke,  to  the  effect 
that  it  is  sometimes  as  necessary  to  .'^atisfy  people  with 
what  they  have  dune,  as  it  is  to  stimulate  those  to  action 
who  are  undecided.  It  was  somewhat  such  conviction  as 
this  which  caused  Bishop  Burnet  to  put  forth  in  1688  his 
Inquiry  into  the  present  State  of  Affairs,  and  in  particu- 
lar whether  we  owe  Allegiance  to  the  King  in  these  cir- 
cumsUinces,  and  whether  we  are  bound  to  treat  with  him 
and  call  him  back  again,  or  not  ?  The  Bishop  says  "  not/' 
very  decidedly  : 

"  He  having  given  that  just  advantage  ap-ainst  himself,  which 
came  after  all  that  series  of  injiistii'i?  and  violence  that  had  gone 
before  it.  no  man  ran  think  that  it  was  not  very  fittiiiir  to  carry 
it  as  far  as  it  would  pn.  aud  not  to  treat  him  any  more  upon  the 
foot  of  acknowledirinj;  him  kiug." 

This  elicited  from  Collier  an  answer  under  the  title  of 
The  Desertion  discussed  in  a  letter  to  a  Country  Gentle- 
man, Lon.,  16SS.  In  this  reply  the  author  states  that  there 
was  no  abdication  on  the  part  of  James,  and  that  there 
were  no  grounds,  from  the  laws  of  the  realm,  to  pronounce 
the  throne  void  in  consequence  of  a  retreat  impelled  by  a 
fear  of  personal  dauger.  Edmund  Bohun  answered  this 
treatise,  and  takes  occasion  to  give  a  very  high  character 
of  Collier: 

"  The  author  of  it  is  my  acquaintance  and  a  person  for  whom  I 
have  a  great  esteem,  both  on  account  of  his  profession,  and  of  his 
personal  worth,  learning,  and  sobriety.  &c." 

For  this  free  expression  of  his  opinions,  our  worthy  Non- 
juror was  seized  and  committed  to  Newgate,  where  he 
remained  for  some  months.  He  pub.,  in  16S9,  A  Transla- 
tion of  the  Ninth,  Tenth,  Eleventh,  and  Twelfth  Books  of 
Sleidan's  Commentaries;  Vindici  Juris  Regii,  or  Remarks 
upon  a  Paper  entitled  An  Enquiry  into  the  Measures  of 
Submission  to  the  Supreme  Authority;  Animadversions 
upon  the  modern  Explanation  of  2  Henry  VII.,  chap,  i., 
or  a  King  de  facto.  In  1690,  A  Caution  against  Incon- 
sistency, ifec.  Dr.  Sherlock's  Cause  of  Allegiance  consi- 
dered, 1691.  For  a  number  of  years  afterwards,  indeed 
until  the  time  of  his  death,  he  was  in  the  habit  of  attack- 
ing his  opponents  by  minor  publications,  in  which  his  zeal 
and  honesty  were  very  apparent.  The  most  important  of 
his  works  we  shall  notice  presently. 

So  conscientious  was  he,  that  being  admitted  to  bail,  the 
government  having  the  second  time  arrested  him,  he  be- 
came satisfied  that  he  had  done  wrong  in  thus  tacitly  ad- 
mitting the  power  of  the  government  to  exercise  any  legal 
authority:  he  therefore  delivered  himself  up  to  Sir  John 
Holt,  who,  as  we  may  readily  suppose,  when  the  good 
divine  had  explained  his  scruples,  did  not  at  all  hesitate 
to  exercise  authority  so  far  as  to  commit  him  to  the  King's 
Bench.  He  was,  however,  speedily  released  on  the  appli- 
cation of  his  friends. 

The  kingdom  was  thrown  into  great  commotion  in  1696 
by  the  discovery  of  what  has  since  been  called  the  Assas- 
sination Plot.  An  insurrection  was  to  be  promoted  in  fa- 
vour of  James,  and  King  William  was  to  be  assassinated, 
or  made  prisoner.  On  the  3d  of  April,  Sir  John  Freind 
and  Sir  William  Perkins  were  executed  for  treason  at  Ty- 
burn. On  this  occasion,  Collier  and  two  other  clergymen, 
Cook  and  Snatt,  attended  the  unhappy  men  on  the  scaffold, 
and  administered  absolution  to  them  ;  although  they  bad 
justified  what  was  styled  their  treason,  in  a  paper  delivered 
to  the  sheriff  immediately  before  their  execution.  This  gave 
great  oflence,  and  led  to  the  imprisonment  of  Cook  and 
Snatt  in  Newgate,  whence,  however,  they  were  speedily 
released  without  a  trial.  Collier  aI.>?conded,  and  was  out- 
lawed. Nothing  daunted,  however,  by  these  frequent  con- 
flicts %vilh  the  government,  the  courageous  Jeremy  put 
forth  a  Defence  of  his  Absolution  given  to  Sir  W.  Perkins 
at  the  place  of  Execution,  Lou.,  1694.  In  1713  Collier 
lOd 


COL 

was  consecrated  a  bishop  by  Dr.  Hickcs,  one  of  the  Non- 
juring  clergy.  Dr.  Hickes  had  received  consecration  at 
the  hands  of  the  deprived  bishops  of  Norwich,  Ely,  and 
Peterborough.  Collier  was  a  man  of  estimable  character, 
and,  as  we  shall  presently  see,  one  of  the  greatest  literary 
benefactors  ever  enjoyed  by  England.  One  of  his  princi- 
pal works  was  Essays  upon  Several  Moral  Subjects,  part  1, 
piib  1697;  part2,n03;  part  .3,1705.  Part  1  consists  of 
six  Essays:  1.  Pride.  2.  Clothes.  3.  Duelling.  4.  Ge- 
neral Kindness,  b.  The  Office  of  a  Chaplain.  6.  The 
weakness  of  Human  Reason.  The  four  first  arc  in  dia- 
logue, written  with  great  spirit  and  vivacity.  The  two  last 
are  continued  discourses. 

'■  That  on  the  cffice  of  a  chaplain  is  particularly  laboured,  and 
has  been  looked  upon  as  the  author's  masterpiece." 

The  Second  Part  contains  Seventeen  Discourses :  1.  Fame. 
2.  Music.  3.  The  Value  of  Life.  4.  The  Spleen.  5.  Eager- 
ness of  Desire.  6.  Friendship.  7.  Popularity.  8.  The 
Immateriality  of  the  Soul.  9.  The  Entertainment  of  Books. 
10.  Confidence.  11-  Envy.  12.  The  Aspects  of  Men. 
13.  Despair.  14.  Covetousness.  15.  Liberty.  16.  Old 
Age.     17.   Pleasure. 

Several  of  these  arc  written  in  dialogue,  but  most  of  them 
are  discourses. 

"  They  are  all  of  them  calculated  to  inform  the  nnderstanding, 
reform  the  manners,  and  to  give  a  right  turn  to  the  thoughts  of 
the  reader." 

In  the  Third  Part  the  author  treats  of— 1.  Pain.  2.  Re- 
venge. 3.  Authors.  4.  Infancy  and  Youth.  5.  Riches 
and  Poverty.  6.  Debauchery.  7.  Drunkenness.  8.  Usury. 
9.  The  Character  of  an  Apostle.  10.  Of  Solitude.  Then 
follows  several  miscellaneous  pieces. 

*'If  we  abate  the  tioweriness  of  the  languape,  which  was  tho 
fashion,  I  will  not  say  the  tault,  of  that  time,  it  will  be  difluult  to 
find  any  essays  more  capable  of  affording  a  rational  pleasure  than 
those  of  our  author."— I>R.  Campbkll. 

In  1701  Collier  pub.  in  2  vols,  folio,  a  translation  with 
additions  of  Moreri's  Great  Historical  Dictionary,  under 
the  title  of  The  Great  Historical,  Geograi)hical,  and  Poeti- 
cal Dietionary.  This  was  well  received;  and  in  1705,  a 
third  volume  appeared,  under  the  title  of  A  Supplement, 
&Q.-  and  in  1721.  a  fourth  volume,  called  an  Appendix, 
was  published.  This  bulky  work  is  now  in  little  request, 
although  very  curious  and  worth  more  than  the  few  shil- 
lings a.vked  for  it  by  the  London  booksellers. 

Before  we  notice' the  most  useful  purpose  to  which  Col- 
lier applied  his  very  respectable  talents,  we  shall  devote  a 
few  lines  to  the  truly  valuable  Ecclesiastical  History  of 
Great  Britain,  chiefly' of  England,  from  the  first  planting 
of  Christianity,  to  the  death  of  Charles  11. ;  with  a  brief 
account  of  the  affairs  of  religion  in  Ireland,  collected  from 
the  best  ancient  histories,  councils,  and  records,  Lon., 
1708-14,  2  vols,  fob,  {v.  jjont  for  notice  of  a  new  edit.) 
This  work  called  forth  severe  animadversion  from  three 
bishops,  Nicolson  of  Derry,  Burnet,  and  Kennett.  But 
our  doughty  warrior,  who  cared  neither  for  kings  nor 
bishops,  when  he  considered  them  in  the  wrong,  and  be- 
ing "  every  inch"  a  bishop  himself,  again  set  the  press  to 
work,  and  levelled  his  batteries  against  Bishops  Burnet 
and  Nicolson  in  1715,  and  despatched  Bishop  Kennett 
two  years  later.  At  one  period  the  price  of  this  work 
had  fallen  very  low. 

"  I  have  seen  many  a  copy  sold  for  little  more  than  waste  paper. 
But  the  age  of  book-vandalism  is  past." — Dibpin. 

It  contains  much  matter  not  to  be  found  in  Mosheim, 
especially  many  curious  particulars  relative  to  the  theolo- 
gical publications  of  the  16th  century.  Dr.  Campbell 
speaks  hit^hly  of  this  work: 

"The  method  in  which  this  history  is  written  is  very  clear  and 
exact,  his  authorities  are  constantly  cited  hy  the  author,  bis  re- 
marks are  .'^hort  and  pertinent,  and  with  re-'-pict  to  the  disserta- 
tions that  are  occasionally  inserted,  they  are  such  as  lend  to  illus- 
trate and  explain  those  perplexed  points  of  which  they  treat,  and 
contribute  thereby  to  the  clearer  understanding  of  the  narration, 
.  ,  .  Taking  the  whole  together,  it  will  be  found  as  judicious  .and 
impartial  a  work,  as  the  world,  in  doing  justice  to  his  talents, 
could  have  expected  it." 

See  conclusion  of  this  article. 

We  now  proceed  to  notice  one  of  that  small  number  of 
books — of  which  the  Letters  of  Pascal  and  the  Romance 
of  Cervantes  are  instances— which  have  been  found  suffi- 
ciently powerful  to  effect  a  revolution  in  public  opinion, 
or  to  awaken  sufficient  opposition  to  real  or  supposed  evils, 
publicly  tolerated,  to  drive  them  into  obscurity,  or  brand 
them  with  disgrace.  Our  good  bishop  lived  in  those  evil 
days  of  corruption  of  morals  which  followed  the  stern 
morality  which  distinguished  the  ascendency  of  the  Puri- 
tans. From  the  sjilcndid  antechamber  of  a  depraved  mo- 
narch, to  the  humble  tenement  of  the  obscure  artisan,  the 
"pestilence"  of  licentiousness  "wasted  at  noonday/*  lack- 


COL 

ing  even  sufficient  remains  of  rirtue  to  make  it  willing  to 
wait  for  the  twilight,  with  the  less  shameless  libertinism 
of  the  days  of  Job.  This  was  pain  and  grief  of  heart  to 
the  zealous  Nonjuror.  Compelled  to  dwell  among  them, 
he  "in  hearing  and  seeing  rexed  his  righteous  soul  from 
day  to  day,"  with  that  which,  whilst  he  earnestly  deplored, 
it  seemed  hopeless  to  try  to  remedy. 

That  master  painter,  Mr.  Mac.iulay,  has  given  us  a 
sketch,  in  his  own  graphic  style,  of  the  morals  of  the  time : 
"Then  came  those  days,  never  to  be  recalled  without  a  blush— 
the  davs  of  servitude  %vithout  loyalty,  and  sensuality  without 
love,  of  dwarfish  talents  and  gigantic  vices,  the  paradise  of  cold 
hearts  and  narrow  minds,  the  golden  age  of  the  coward,  the  bi'.-ot, 
and  the  slave.  The  king  cringed  to  his  rival  that  he  mi"ht  tram- 
ple on  his  people,  sunk  into  a  viceroy  of  Frauce.  and  pocketed  with 
complacent  infamy,  her  degrading  insults,  and  her  more  dei-rad- 
ing  gold.  The  caresses  of  harlots,  and  the  jests  of  bulfoous.  regu- 
lated the  m&asures  of  a  government,  which  hadjust  ability  enough 
to  deceive,  and  just  religion  enough  to  persecute.  .  .  .  Crime  suc- 
ceeded to  crime,  and  disgrace  to  disgrace,  till  the  race,  accursed 
of  6od  and  man,  was  a  second  time  driven  forth,  to  wander  on 
the  fece  of  the  earth,  and  to  be  a  by-word  and  a  shaking  of  head 
IB  the  nations."— .Mu,TON :  Ed.  Iteneio,  xlii.  304. 

The  unsound  condition  of  public  and  private  morality 
was  faithfully  reflected  in  the  drama,  and  ostentatiously 
displayed  upon  the  stage  : 

"During  the  forty  years  which  followed  the  Restoration,  the 
whole  body  of  the  dramatists  invariably  represent  adultery- we 
do  not  say  as  a  peccadillo— we  do  not  s,ay  as  an  error  which  the 
violence  of  passion  may  excuse— but  as  the  caDingof  a  fine  .rentle- 
man— as  a  grace  without  which  his  chai-acter  would  be  imperfect. 
It  IS  as  essential  to  his  breeding  and  to  his  place  in  society  that 
he  should  make  love  to  the  wives  of  his  neighbours,  as  that  be 
should  know  French,  or  that  he  should  havea  sword  at  his  side 
In  all  this  there  is  no  passion,  and  scarcely  any  thing  that  can  be 
called  preference.  The  hero  intjigues,  just  as  he  wears  a  wi-;  b(^ 
cause  if  he  did  not,  he  would  be  a  queer  fellow,  a  city  pri<'.  per- 
haps a  Puritan  .Ml  the  .igreeable  qualities  are  always  gi?en  to 
tne  gaUant.  .411  the  contempt  and  aver.^ion  are  the  portion  of  the 
nnfortun.ate  husband.  ...  The  dramatist  evidently  does  his  best 
to  make  the  pei-son  who  commits  the  injury  graceful  sensible 
and  spirited,  and  the  person  who  suffers  i't  a  fool,  or  a  tyrant,  or 
both.  —Oimic  Dranialistsof  the  Xcstoratmn. 

There  is  nothing  too  wicked,  nothing  too  absurd,  to  lack 
advocates  and  apologists.  Therefore  we  need  not  be  sur- 
prised to  find  Dennis,  Drake  and  Filmer  abetting,  Leigh 
Hunt  defending,  and  Charles  Lamb  apologizin"-  for,  such 
literary  satyrs  as  Wycherly,  Congreve,  Farquhar,  Van- 
brugh,  and,  we  are  sorry  to  add,  John  Dryden. 

The  stage  seemed  to  present  an  available  point  of  attack 
on  the  unclean  monster  of  social  corruption,  and  Collier 
resolved  to  commence  the  war  of  e.Mtennination  on  its 
stronghold.  In  109,8  he  published  A  Short  View  of  the 
Immorality  and  Profanencss  of  the  English  .'^tac'e.  to- 
gether with  the  Sense  of  Antiquitv  upon  this  Argument. 
In  the  preface  to  this  work,  nowbef^ore  us,  he  briefly  states 
the  object  of  his  critique,  and  the  necessity  existing  for  a 
rebuke  of  the  character  attempted  : 

'•  Being  convinced  that  nothing  has  gone  further  in  Debauching 
the  Age  than  the  .Stage-Poets  and  Pl.ay-House:  I  thought  I  could 
not  employ  my  Time  better  than  in  writing  airainst  them  These 
men.  sure,  take  Virtue  and  Regularity  for  Great  Enemies;  why 
else  IS  their  disalTection  so  very  remarkable?  It  must  be  said 
they  have  made  their  attack  with  great  Courage,  and  gained  no 
very  inconsiderable  Advantage.  But  it  seems,  Lewdness  without 
Atheism  is  hut  half  their  Business.  Conscience  might  possibly 
recover,  and  Revenge  be  thought  on :  and  therefore  like  Foot-Pads 
they  must  not^only  Hob  but  .llurther.  .  ,  .  I  confess  I  have  no 
Ceremony  for  Debauchery.  For  to  Complement  Vice,  is  but  one 
Remove  from  worshipping  the  Devil." 

The  first  charge  is  the  immodesty  of  the  stage,  and  the 
natural  consequences  of  such  indecency.  He  shows  that 
the  theatres  of  the  Greeks  and  Romans  were  far  less  guilty 
in  this  respect  than  the  English  theatre.  In  the  latter 
part  of  the  first  chapter,  he  quotes  the  testimony  of  Ben 
Jonson.  Beaumont  and  Fletcher,  .and  Corneille  a<'ainst  the 
abuses  which  he  condemns.  Chap.  2d  is  entitled  "The 
Profanencss  of  the  Stage,"  which  is  proved  by  instances 
of  •  Cursing  and  Swearing."  "  Blasphemy,"  "Abuse  of  Re- 
ligion and  the  Holy  Scriptures."  He  brings  this  grave 
charge  against  the  writings  of  Dryden.  Congreve,  Otway, 
and  Vanbrugh.  Chap.  3d  is  entitled,  "  The  Clergy  abused 
by  the  Stage.  Chap.  4th  considers  the  subject  of  "  Im- 
morality encouraged  by  the  Stage."  Chap.  5th  is  devoted 
to  miscellaneous  reflections.  "  Remarks  upon  Amphytrion, 
On  the  Comical  History  of  Don  Quixote."  &c.  In  chap  6th 
he  reinforces  his  position  by  citations  from  Heathen  philo- 
sophers. Christian  fathers,  and  Catholic  councils.  The 
sale  of  this  work  was  so  large,  that  the  4th  edition  lying- 
before  us  liears  the  date  of  1699;  the  first  was  published 
March  1697-9S. 

That  Collier,  like  zealous  disputants  generally,  may  in 
some  instances  have  stretched  his  indictment  too  far,  and 
mistaken  levity  for  sin,  and  want  of  taste  for  want  of  de- 


COL 

conim,  can  be  allowed  without  denying  him  the  character 
to  which  he  is  justly  entitled,  of  the  Reformer  of  the  Eng- 
lish Stage.  Not  by  any  means  that  he  cleansed  entirely 
the  .Augean  Stable.  He  removed  some  abominations,  but 
many  remained,  and  exist  in  destructive  vitality  to  this 
day.  From  that  time  to  the  present,  the  English  and 
American  theatres  have  been  the  prime  corrupters  of  the 
morals  of  the  people.  The  Stage  is  emphatically  the 
School  of  Vice.  We  have  sometimes  pleased  ourselves 
with  the  speculation  that  the  drama  might  be  purified,  and 
made  an  agent  of  innocent  amusement,  and  historical, 
perchance  even  moral,  instruction  :  but  we  almost  despair 
of  such  a  renovation.  Certain  it  is,  that  conducted  as 
our  theatres  are  at  present,  taking  together  that  which  is 
acted  upon,  behind,  and  before  the  stage,  we  consider 
that  no  one  who  has  a  proper  regard  for  the  interests  of 
morality  can  consistently  lend  his  influence  or  counte- 
nance to  such  demoralizing  exhibitions. 

If  it  should  be  thought  that  we  are  too  severe  in  our  judg- 
ment, we  answer  that  the  facts  of  the  case  are  in  this,  as 
in  every  other  question,  the  best  evidence.  This  evidence 
will  prove  that  three  out  of  every  four  young  men  who  be- 
come victims  to  licentiousness  and  intemperance  are  first 
introduced  to  vice  through  the  medium  of  the  theatre.  As 
to  the  other  sex — how  fathers  can  permit  their  daughters, 
I  husbands  their  wives,  lovers  the  objects  of  their  afl'ections, 
to  have  their  eyes  and  ears  offended  by  what  must  be  hearcl 
and  witnessed  by  those  who  visit  the  theatres,  is  marvel- 
lous indeed ! 

But  to  return  to  our  subject.  Collier's  vigorous  charge 
threw  the  ranks  of  the  enemy  into  great  confusion.  Hia 
proofs  were  too  strong  to  be  evaded;  his  cause  too  good  to 
be  disgraced  by  ridicule,  ^\"hen  they  had  a  little  recovered 
from  the  shock,  Congreve  made  a  feeble  attempt  at  a  de- 
fence, which  he  entitled  Amendments  of  Mr.  Collier's  false 
and  imperfect  citation  from  the  Old  Bachelor,  the  Double 
Dealer,  &c.  Vanbrngh  also  came  to  the  rescue  of  his  sorely- 
berated  production,  in  a  pamphlet  which  he  called  A  Short 
Vindication  of  The  Relapse  and  the  Provoked  Wife.  Nor 
were  these  all.  Collier  had  disturbed  a  hornet's  nest :  Set- 
tle, and  Dennis,  and  Drake,  attacked  him  with  impertinent 
buzzing,  though  unalde  to  sting.  Wycherley  was  suspected 
of  being  one  of  his  assailants.  Dr.  Filmer  took  sides 
against  the  redoubtable  Nonjuror  in  A  Defence  of  Plays, 
which  had  better  have  been  unwritten. 

But  a  man  who  had  the  courage  to  deny  the  right  of  a 
king  to  his  throne,  and  to  beard  bish^rps  upon  their  bench, 
was  not  to  be  intimidated  by  a  few  licentious  poets  and 
their  apologists.  He  followed  up  his  first  fire  with  unwa- 
vering resolution,  in  the  following  publications;  L  A  De- 
fence of  the  Short  View.  Jtc,  being  a  Reply  to  Mr.  Con- 
greve's  Amendments,  Ac,  and  to  the  Vindication  of  the 
author  of  the  Relapse.  Lon.,  1699.  2.  A  Second  Defence 
of  the  Short  View,  being  a  Reply  to  a  Book  entitled  The 
Ancient  and  Modern  Stages  Surveyed,  Ac,  Lon.,  1700. 
This  "Book"  was  written  by  Dr.  Drake.  3.  A  farther  Vin- 
dication of  the  Short  View,  ic.,  in  which  the  objections  of 
a  late  Book,  entitled  A  Defence  of  Plays,  are  considered, 
Lon.,  1708.  4.  Mr.  Collier's  Dissuasive  from  the  Play 
House ;  in  a  letter  to  a  Person  of  Quality,  occasioned  by 
the  late  calamity  of  the  Tempest,  Lon.,  1703. 

Collier's  victory  was  not  only  decided,  but  overwhelming. 
Dramatists  and  actors  from  that  time  felt  that  a  healthful 
public  sentiment  was  in  action,  which  would  call  them  to 
account  for  at  least  heinous  ofl'ences.  and  they  become  more 
circumspect,  if  not  really  more  virtuous.  "  It  was  not  a 
little  to  the  credit  of  Dryden,  that  he  attempted  no  defence 
of  that  which  he  doubtless  felt  to  be  indefensible.  He  did 
not  even  put  forth  th.at  most  foolish  of  all  pleas,  which  we 
are  sorry  to  see  sometimes  used  on  behalf  of  others  by 
writers  who  should  know  better,  that  he  was  no  worse  than 
the  prevailing  tone  of  the  times.  If  this  be  a  valid  defence, 
how  shall  the  world  ever  grow  better?  How  did  Collier 
happen  to  be  better  than  the  times?  Had  they  not  the 
same  code  of  morality,  in  the  inspired  volume,  two  hun- 
dred years  ago,  that  we  have  now?  To  hear  such  apolo- 
gists, we  might  suppose  that  the  Scriptures  were  a  recent 
grant  to  mankind.  Some  years  later,  indeed,  Dryden,  in 
referring  to  the  subject  in  the  preface  to  his  "  Fables,"  en- 
tered a  protest  against  the  rough  handling  he  bad  received, 
and  put  in  a  plea  to  mitigate  the  force  of  the  sentence, 
but  he  winds  up  with  a  confession  which  is  to  the  credit 
of  his  candour.  He  finds  fault  with  Collier's  rudeness, 
and  the  "horse  play  of  his  raillery,"  and  decl.ares  that  "in 
many  places  he  has  perverted  by  his  glosses  the  meaning" 
of  what  he  censures;  but  he  admits  that  he  is  justly  con- 
demned; 


COL 


"  I  have  pleaded  giiiltT  to  all  thoughts  or  expressions  of  mine 
that  can  he  truly  accused  of  obscenity,  immorality,  or  profaneness. 
If  Mr.  Collier."  lie  continues,  "bo  mine  enemy,  let  him  triumph; 
if  he  be  my  friend,— as  I  have  given  him  no  personal  occasion  to 
be  otherwise,— he  will  be  glad  of  my  repentance." 

Dr.  Johnson,  in  his  Life  of  Congreve,  gives  an  animated 
description  of  the  battle  between  Collier  and  the  Dramatic 
poets.     Of  the  assailant,  he  remarks: 

•'Hew,as  formed  for  a  controvertist;  with  suflicient  learning; 
with  diction  vehement  and  pointed,  though  often  vulgar  and  in- 
correct: with  uncontjuerable  pertinacity;  with  wit  in  the  bi;;hest 
degree  keen  and  sarcastic;  and  with  .all  those  powers  exalted  and 
invigorated  bv  just  confidence  in  his  cause.    Thus  qualified,  and 
thus  incited.'he  walked  out  to  battle,  and  assailed  at  once  most 
of  the  living  authors  from  Drvden  to  D'Urfey.    His  onset  wa.s  vio- 
lent ;  those  passages,  which  while  they  stood  single  had  passed 
■with  little  notice,  when  they  were  accumulated  and  exposed  to- 
gether, excited  horror;  the  wise  and  the  pious  caught  the  alarm;  i 
and  the  nation  wondered  why  it  had  so  long  sulfered  irreligion 
and  licentiousness  to  be  openly  taught  at  the  public  charge.     No- 
thing now  remained  for  the  poets  but  to  resist  or  fly.    Dryden's  | 
conscience,  or  his  prudence,  angry  as  he  was,  withheld  him  from 
the  conflict.     Congreve  and  Vanbrugh  attempted  answers.  .  .  .  | 
The  stage  found  other  advocates,  and  the  dispute  was  protracted 
througli  ten  years:— but  at  last  Comedy  grew  more  modest:  and  [ 
Collier  lived  to  see  the  reward  of  his  labour  in  the  reformation  of 
the  theatre.    Of  the  powers  by  which  this  important  victory  was 
achieved,  a  quotation  from  '  Love  for  Love,'  and  the  remark  upon 
it,  may  afford  a  specimen : 

'"Sir  Sampson  Sampson's  a  very  good  name ;  for  your  Sampsons 
were  strong  dogs  from  the  beginning. 

'■'^Trp'/icn.— Have  a  care!     If  you  remember,  the  strongest 

Sampson  of  your  name  puU'd  an  old  house  over  his  head  at  last!' 

"  •  Here  von  have  the  Sacred  History  burlesqued :  and  Sampson 

once  more' brought  into  the  house  of  Dagon  to  make  sport  for  the 

Philistines.'    [Collier's  Comment."] 

For  a  graphic  sketch  of  this  controversy,  and  of  the 
dramatic  poetry  of  the  time,  we  refer  the  reader  to  Mr. 
Macaulay's  Comic  Dramatists  of  the  Restoration,  Edin- 
burgh Review,  January,  1841.  The  Reviewer  admits  the 
occasional  errors  in  his  indictment,  into  which  an  honest 
zeal  betrayed  the  author  of  the  Short  View,  but  agrees 
with  the  verdict  of  the  day,  that 

'•  When  all  these  deductions  have  been  made,  great  merit  must 
be  .allowed  to  this  work.  There  is  hardly  any  book  of  that  time 
from  which  it  would  be  possible  to  collect  specimens  of  writing  so 
excellent  and  so  various.  To  compare  Collier  with  Pascal  would 
indeed  he  absurd.  Yet  we  hardly  know  where,  except  in  the 
Provinci.Tl  Letters,  we  can  find  mirth  so  harmoniously  and  becom- 
ingly blended  with  solemnity,  as  in  the  Short  View.  In  truth,  all 
the  models  of  ridicule,  from  hroad  fun  to  polished  and  antithetical 
sarcasm,  were  at  Collier's  command.  On  the  other  hand,  he  was 
complete  master  of  the  rhetoric  of  honest  indignation.  AVe  scarcely 
know  any  volume  which  contains  so  many  bursts  of  that  eloquence 
which  comes  from  the  heart,  and  goes  to  the  heart.  Indeed  the 
spirit  of  the  book  is  truly  heroic.  .  .  .  Congreve's  answer  was  a 
complete  failure.  He  was  angry,  obscure,  and  dull.  Even  the 
Green  Room  and  Will's  Coffee  House  were  compelled  to  acknow- 
ledge, that  in  wit  the  parson  had  a  decided  advantage  over  the 
poet."' 

Collier  has  received  ample  commendation  from  many 
quarters : 

'•  I  question  whether  any  man  can  read  Swift's  Tale  of  a  Tub.  or 
Don  Quevedo's  Visions,  without  finding  himself  the  wor.se  for  it. 
In  regard  to  all  such  indiscreet  applications  of  wit,  every  young 
student  may  guard  his  mind,  and  rectify  bis  .iudiment.  by  read- 
ing Mr.  Collier's  View  of  the  Profaneness  and  Immorality  of  the 
English  Sta,ge;  a  book  which  brought  Drvden  to  repentance,  and 
doe's  indeed'  beggar  every  work  upon  the  same  argument.  It  is 
the  triumph  of\vit  over  scurrility:  of  piety  over  profaneness:  of 
learning  over  ignorance;  and  of  Christianity  over  Atheism." — Ldf^-r 
from  a  Tutor  In  Ms  Pupils. 

"It  was  certainly  a  very  bold  thing  in  Mr.  Collier  to  attack  at 
once  the  Wits  and  Witlings  of  those  times:  among  the  first  were 
Mr.  Dryden.  Mr. Congreve,  and  >Ir.  Vanbrugh;  among  the  hatter, 
were  Tom  Durfev  and  many  more:  hut  he  is  certainly  to  be  com- 
mended for  forming  so  good  a  design  as  th.at  of  reducing  the  stage 
to  order,  and  thereby  preventing  the  morals  of  mankind  from  be- 
ing corrupted,  where  they  ought  to  be  amended  "—Dr.  Cimpbeu.. 
'•The  public  opinion  ran  so  much  .against  the  defenders  of  the 
theatre,  .and  in  f;ivour  of  their  enemy,  that  King  William  consi- 
dered Mr.  Collier's  book  as  a  work  which  entitled  the  author  of  it 
to  some  lenitv  in  a  prosecution  then  carrying  on  in  conser|uence 
of  errors  in  his  political  conduct."— iVe/ace  to  Sup.  to  Dodsley's 
Coll.  nf  Old  Plays. 

Cibher  observes  that  the  calling  our  dramatic  writers  to 
this  strict  account  had  a  very  wholesome  efl'cct  upon  those 
■who  wrote  after  this  time.  They  were  now  a  great  deal 
more  upon  their  guard;  indecencies  were  no  longer  wit; 
and  by  degrees  the  fair  sex  came  .agtiin  to  fill  the  bo.xes  on 
the  first  day  of  a  new  comedy,  without  fear  or  censure, 
■We  may  be  allowed  to  repeat  the  opinion  that  neither  at 
that,  nor  at  any  subsequent  time,  has  the  bo.x  of  the  theatre 
been  the  most  proper  place  in  the  world  for  a  modest  and 
refined  woman.  In  concluding  our  notice  of  this  warm- 
hearted, e.xemplary.  and  truly  excellent  divine,  we  should 
not  forget  to  metition  that  Father  Courbeville  speaks  in 
the  highest  terms  of  Collier's  Miscellaneous  Works,  which 
he  decl.nres  set  him  on  a  level  with  Montaigne,  St.  Evre- 

410 


COL 

mond,  La  Bruyere,  &c.  He  made  a  translation  of  the  Short 
View  iuto  French,  which  gave  him  an  oipportuuity  of  re- 
newing his  commendation.  Collier  has  been  suspected  of 
a  leaning  to  popery,  because,  towards  the  close  of  his  life, 
he  "mixed  water  with  wine  in  the  Eucharist,  made  the 
sii'n  of  the  cross  in  confirmation,  employed  oil  in  the  visi- 
tation of  the  sick,  and  offered  up  prayers  for  the  dead." 
But  we  have  many  instances  of  an  adoption  of  some  par- 
ticular ceremonies,  and  even  doctrines  of  ecclesiastical 
communion,  whilst  other  portions  of  the  same  code  are  ve- 
hemently denounced.  ^ 

Bishop  Burnet  indeed  complains  of  our  author  s  iccle- 

siastical  History  on  this  wise ;  ,     ,  u 

'■There  appeared  to  me  quite  through  the  second  volume,  sucn 

'  a  constant  inclination  to  favour  the  popish  doctrine,  and  to  cen- 

i  sure  the  Reformers,  that  I  should  have  b:.d  a  better  opinion  of  the 

author's  integrity,  if  he  had  professed  himsell  to  be  not  of  our 

communion,  nor  of  the  communion  of  any  other  Protestant  Church 

1  —PrefaK  to  tht  Hist,  oflht  Keformatiun  of  the  Cl.urcU  of  Lngland. 

I      Now  we  believe  the  bishop  to  have  been  a  truly  honest 

man.  mtiny  opinions  to  the  contrary;  but  the  charges  of  a 

party  writer,  and  veteran  disputant,  must  always  be  re- 

i  ceived  with  caution,  and  Bishop  Burnet  was  "  a  man  of  war 

from  his  youth." 

We  are  pleased  to  notice  the  appearance  of  a  new  edition 
of  Collier's  Ecclesiastical  History  of  Great  Britain,  from 
the  first  planting  of  Christianity  to  the  Reign  of  Charles 
the  Second,  with  a  brief  Account  of  the  nfiairs  of  Religion 
in  Ireland,  with  Life  of  the  Author  by  Thomas  Lathbury, 
the  Controversial  Tracts  connected  with  the  History,  and 
a  new  and  much  enlarged  Index,  9  vols.  Svo,  18o2. 

'■  There  are  onlv  two  writers  of  the  genuine  History  of  our  Church 
who  deserve  the 'name  of  historians,  Collier  and  I'uller.  —Bishop 
Warbvrlnn's  Directions  to  a  Student  in  Thmlrg!/. 

'•  Collier  died  in  the  vear  17'26;  his  Church  History  is  still  one  of 
our  most,  if  not  the  most  valuable  of  our  Ecclesiastical  Histories, 
and  all  his  works  display  talents  of  no  ordinary  kind."— Lathbury. 
Collier,  Joel.  Musical  Travels  through  England, 
Lon  ,  1774,  Svo,  '76  and  '85,  12mo.  This  is  a  burlesque 
of  the  Musical  Travels  of  Dn.  Bi'knet  (q.  r.)  Alexander 
Bicknell  wrote  part  of  it,  and  Peter  Beckford  the  latter 

Collier,  John.  Compendium  Artis  NauticiB,  1729. 
Collier,  John.  Jewish  History,  Lon.,  1791,  2  vols. 
Svo.  Life  of  Christ,  &c.,  1797,  2  vols.  Svo.  Animation 
and  Intellect,  1800.  Svo.  Reanimation  from  the  Repro- 
duction of  Vegetable  Life,  and  the  renewal  of  Life,  alter 
Death,  in  Insects,  1809.  Svo.  _ 

Collier,  John.  Works  of  Tim  Bobbin,  Esq.,  in  Prose 
and  Verse,  with  Life  of  the  Author,  by  John  Corry  Roch- 
dale, 1S19,  r.  Svo.  Other  pub.  under  name  of  Tim  Bobbin, 
176i '62, '6;),  ISIO. 

Collier,  John.     Essay  on  Charters,  Newc,  li  i7. 
Collier,  John  Dve.     Law  of  Patents,  L.ra.,  ISC, 
Svo.     Life  of  Abrtiham  Ncwland,  Esq.,  ISOS,  12mo. 

Collier,  John  Payne,  b.  in  London,  1789,  was  en- 
tered a  student  of  the  Middle  Temple  at  the  age  of  20,  but 
found  the  attractions  of  Elackstone  insuflicient  to  overcome 
the  blandishments  of  Elizabeth.an  literature.  He  occa- 
sionally relieved  his  poetical  studies  by  contributions  to 
the  Morning  Chronicle,  the  Literary  Review,  the  Edin- 
burgh Magazine,  &c.  In  1820  he  pub,  in  2  vols.  r.  8vo, 
The  Poetical  Decameron,  or  Ten  Conversations  on  English 
Poets  and  Poetry,  particularly  of  the  Reigns  of  Elizabeth 
and  James.     The  reader  should  secure  this  work. 

'•  Few  books  lately  published  contain  so  much  valuable  and  ori- 
ginal information." — Hallam.  ,ooo      mi  • 
The  Poet's  Pilgrimage,  a  Poem,  appeared  in  1822,    Ihis 
was  an  early  composition.     In  1825-27  he  pub.  an  edit,  of 
Dodslev's  Old  Plays,  to  which  he  added  six  dramas,  and 
in  a  su'pplementarV  vol.  (1S2S)  he  pub.  five  more  dramas 
temp.  Elizabeth.     In  1831,  in  3  vols.  p.  Svo,  appeared  his 
excellent  History  of  English  Dramatic  Poetry  to  the  Time 
of  Shakspeare,  and  Annals  of  the  Stage  to  the  Restoration. 
"  As  an  authoritv  in  all  points  connected  with  the  history  of  the 
stage  the  production  of  Mr.  Collier  not  only  stands  alone  in  our 
literature,  but  it  may  be  said,  that  he  has  so  thoroughly  sifted  and 
discussed  the  subiect.  as  to  have  left  little  or  nothing  to  reward 
the  labour  of  future  inquirers."- i»».  Mw  Mm   Mug.,  Aug  IS61. 
"  A  valuable  record  of  the  British  Stage."— JMrop»i.,  Aug  IbJl. 
Mr.  Collier  now  found  a  labour  of  love  in  the  compila- 
tion of  a  Bibliographical  and  Critical  Catalogue  of  Lord 
Ellesmere's  Collection  of  Rare  English  Books.     This  was 
privately  printed.     In  his  examination  of  the  treasures  of 
Lord   Ellesmere's  Library,  Mr.  Collier  discovered  some 
precious  documents,  which  threw  much  light  upon  the  his- 
tory of  onr  (for  we  Americans  claim  a  property  m  Shaks- 
peare) great  dramatist,  and  from  those  papers  and  other 
records,  he  compiled  his  New  Facts  regarding  the  Life  of 
Shakspeare,  pub.  in  1836.     In  the  next  year  appeared  New 


COL, 

Particulars,  and  in  1839,  Fi.rtber  Particular?,  eoBcernin.' 
the  same  "great  argument."  In  l.S-i2-44  appeared  the 
result  of  more  tlian  thirty  years'  toil,  in  the  shape  of  a  new 
edit,  of  The  Works  of  Shal;speare,  the  text  formed  from 
an  entirely  new  cllation  of  the  old  Editions,  with  the  va- 
rious Readings,  Notes,  a  Life  of  the  Poet,  and  a  History  of 
the  Early  English  .Stage,  8  vols.  Svo;  new  ed.,  1858,  6  vols, 
8vo.  See  Lon.  Athen.,  No.  1592.  This  work  was  preceded  in 
1S41  by  a  List  of  Reasons  for  a  New  Edition  of  Shakspearc's 
Plays,  which  should  be  studied  as  a  model  for  all  editors. 

Mr  Collier  is  entitled  to  the  praise  of  bavin?  brourrlit  toRether 
all  the  known  facts  that  in  any  way  bear  upon  the  life  of  Sbaks- 
peare.'  — Lon.  Spectator. 

tu'""''!!'?;  y™re  of  unwearied  rese.ircb  into  the  history  of  bis  au- 
thor entitle  Mr.  Collier  to  be  beard."-£o,i.  Alhmnum 

Ibe  most  perfect  text  with  the  fewest  possiMe  notes  Whoever 
wants  to  know  what  Shakspeare  wrote  must  refer  to  Collier's  edi- 
tion. — ijim.  Slontlihf  ^fog(tz^np.. 

Mr.  Collier's  Memoirs  of  the  Principal  Actors  in  the 
Plays  of  Shakspeare  appeared  in  18i6.  In  lUl  Mr.  C 
pub.  A  Book  of  Ro.'iburghe  B.allads. 

J'J}/:^^"^^'",  ','!!''v,"V!"'i  ^''""'*  i°'*'-«'i"K  and  v.alnable  addition 
to  ou>  store  of  old  ballads  by  the  puhIi.-ation  of  this  volume,  which 
embra.-es  a  cl-iss  almost  wholly  overlooked  by  former  editors."- 
ix»i.  JJ  -filing  Chrf'ii'de. 
rare"""'  '"'"'"''''^  volume  is  a  treasure  of  curiosities,  rich  as  well  as 

it,'^°A^^''^  appeared  Shak.speare's  Library,  a  Collection  of 
the  Ancient  Romances,  Novels.  Legends.  Poems,  and  His- 
tories used  by  Shakspeare  as  the  foundation  of  his  Dramas. 
JNow  first  collected,  and  accurately  reprinted  from  the  Ori- 
ginal Editions,  with  Introductory  Notices,  2  vols.  8vo. 
Ihis  va  uable  work  places  in  the  hands  of  the  reader,  for  a 
few  shillings,  matter  that  could  before  have  been  purchased 
only  oy  an  outlay  of  hundreds  of  i)ounds,  and  which  was 
in  many  eases  altogether  inaccessible.  In  the  same  year 
Mr.  C.  pub  Extracts  of  the  Registers  of  the  Stationers' 
Comp.any  of  Books  entered  for  publication,  1555-70.  In 
the  midst  of  his  many  labours,  Mr.  C.  has  occasionally 
found  time  o  promote  the  objects  of  three  societies  in 
which  he  l^elt  deeply  interested  :-he  has  edited  several 

Hilnf  fl  1  ^t""^''^  '■'•"''  S'^-k'^Peare  Societies,  and  con- 
tributed to  the  Transactions  of  the  Society  of  Antiquaries, 
of  which  body  he  was  made  Vice-President  in  1850.  But 
It  IS  by  his  hast  publication  that  Mr.  Collier  has  produced 
a  ternblo  e.witement  among  the  antiquaries  and  ,4akspea- 
rian  critics,  red  .and  mock.  In  1S«  Mr.  C.  purchased 
fiom  Thomas  Rodd  a  folio  Shakspeare  of  1632,  which 
proved  to  be  full  of  emendations,  which  a  little  c.xamina- 
re  nect  nf,1  "  .  1?^^  Possessor  were  entitled  to  great 
IuTs5^\fr  C  '"'f'l'g™'  annotations  of  an  early  hand, 
lu  lSo2  -Mr.  C.  put  forth  a  volume  with  his  newlv-found 
treasures  displayed  to  the  eyes  of  a  curious  worli.  The 

'  rnl^royn"'  them,  certainly-were  in  ecstasieL 
„„  '".''.l"*?  f  "V  O'^n  anticipations,  and  in  spite  of  Mr  Collier's 

«r.  we  ven™e  to  think  nf  ^''"'7  ^""^  ^^'^  ?'^'^°  to  the  world, 
see  also  the  Lon.  Examiner,  Jan.  29,  1853;  Morning 
n  l?5v'Ben'  m'''  ''"''•  ^-'"-'P'»  Mercurv  Feb^ 
zine  Mai'ch  iLV  b'^'T'  ^"^^  ^'  ^''^^-  F^^er's^Maga- 
h  "  f,  r  h.^If  ;  .  '  '■''°'.''°  "'""'  ""^^  bad  been  fight- 
we"re  bv  n  ,  mef  "J'^  "^f  '*''"  "■  '^°'-''°  "emendations," 
ZZl      t]  disposed  to  swallow  twenty  thousand  at 

Mr  ^rir  ''"""'""'^to'-^  K^^e  "l.'.rrid  note  of  war,'"and 
Mr.  Co  her  was  soon  stoutly  assailed  by  those  who  felt 
themselves  so  far  outdone  in  "emendations."  Of  cmirse 
2'nZ'T7"^l\  P"'"'™  °f=^  Recorder,  not  of  a  JuXe: 
do  not  proless    o  have  any  opinion  upon  the  snbieet      The 

siTtlf;  r  '  "^'''^  "■''"'  J'»"''Von.,  1853)  will  i! 
sist  the  reader  in  his  inquiry:  and  he  is  also  referred  toli 
volume,  pul.  in  New  York,  1854.  entitled  Shak  ^eare's 
Scholar,  by  Richard  Grant  White,  A  M 

Collier,  Jo.seph.  Obs.  on  Iron  and  Steel;  in  Soc. 
of   Mancljos.  Mem.,  v.  109.  ' 

Collier,  Joshua.    Double  Entry,  1?96,  4to. 


COL 


Collier,  Nathaniel.     Sermons.  1714-5') 
Collier,  R,  P      A  Treali.se  on  the  Law'  relating  to 
Mines,  Lon..  I.SI'.I,  1  vol.  8vo;   Phila,  1S53 
follicr,  Thomas.     Sermons  and  theolog.  treatises. 

Collier,  W.,  d.  1803,  aged  61.    Poems.  1800, 2  vols.  8vo. 

Collier,  William.     Sermons,  1744,  Ac 

Collisnou,  I  harles,  M.D.,  d.  1785.  Profe.-^.  of  Ana- 
tomy in  the  University  of  Cambridge.  Compendium  Ana- 
tomieo  Medicum.  Ac,  1756,  4to.  The  Human  Body.  Canib., 
1794.  8vo.  Medicina  Politica,  .ic.  Lon.,  1765.  8vG.  .Moral 
and  iMedical  Dialogue,  Lon..  1769,  Svo.  Miscell.  Works 
Lon.,  1786,  4to.     Con.  to  Phih  Trans.,  1772. 

Collin,  Nicholas,  Rector  of  the  Swedish  Churches 
Pcnnsylvani.a.  Con.  to  Trans.  Americ.  Soc.,  1799:  143. 
476.  519:  phikdogy,  etc.  ' 

Colling,  James  K.  Details  of  Gothic  Architecture, 
Lon.,  18o0-62,  4to.  Gothic  Ornaments  drawn  from  Chris- 
tian Authorities,  Lon.,  1847-50,  4to. 

■■  Every  contriliution  towards  a  more  accurate  know!ed-e  of  our 
ancestors  is  worthy  of  commendation,  and  the  work  bel'oie  us  is 
one  of  the  most  elaborate  which  has  been  published  with  this  ob- 
'^.■,  ^'"'  '■"'""'■s  are  ma.rnihcent,  and  beautifuUy  printed."— i,.-« 
tivil  hiiijiiieer  mill  Archit'ct. 

•■To  young  Architects  the  series  will  he  invaluable."— JcrnArj 
JScwspiip'')-. 

Collinges,  or  Collings,  John,  D.D.,  1623-1690,  a 
Nonconlormist  divine,  educated  at  Emanuel  College.  Cam- 
bridge, w.as  ejected  from  the  living  of  St.  Stephen's,  Nor- 
wich, in  1662.  He  wrote  a  portion  of  the  commentaries 
in  Poole  s  Annotations  on  the  Bible,  and  pub.  a  number 
of  serms.  and  theolog.  works.  See  Watt's  Bibl.  Bib.  Par 
Nobile,  Lon..  1669.  Svo.  A  Cordial  for  a  Fainting  Soul, 
IboL,  4to.  Discourses  of  the  Actual  Providence  of  God 
lbj8.  4to. 

■■  ^\  h.it  Colliugs  has  written  on  Providence  is  well  performed  "— 
Cotton  Mather.  ^ 

"Scriptural  and  spiritu.al."— Bickebsteth. 

'■  A  man  of  great  worth  and  reputali..n.  one  of  general  learning, 
signal  piety,  and  eminent  nnuisteiial  aMlities.  He  was  a  spiritui 
father  to  beijet  many  souls  to  Christ  by  the  Uospel.  He  was  emi- 
/™1"'.<  ';,i;:.'',:,°'  '°''  '°  ■"■"■■"'^ '"  saints."-C„/amy.  Nonci.^ 

Collings,  John.  Life  and  Death  of  Marv  Simpson; 
with  her  Funeral  Sermon,  1649,  4to. 

Collingwood,  Francis.  The  House-Keeper,  Lon., 
1(92,  8vo,  ' 

Collingwood,  G.  L.  N.  Memoirs  and  Correspond- 
T-.'il  "I  '^'ice-Admiral  Lord  Collingwood,  Lon.,  5th  ed., 
1837,  2  vols.  12mo. 

■•It  is  a  work  which  will  occupy  a  permanent  place  in  the  Ene- 
!ish  Library.  Ihe  portrait  of  one  English  worthy  more  is  now 

secured  to  posterity."— Z™.  Quarterlij  Kn\ 

'■We  do  not  know  when  we  have  met  with  so  delightful  a  book 

?,.",.  b"';,"''/^■''w"^."■\''■,''  "care  so  well  pleased  with  ourselves 
101  Oeing  deJiylitcd.  — Lilm.  Btrvieiv. 

Collingwood,  John.  The  Church,  Apostolic  Pri- 
mitive, and  Anglican  :  a  series  of  Serm.s.,  Lon.,  1850  8vo 

Collingwood.  Thomas.  Con.  toMcd.Com.,1785  '93 

Co  nine,  William.     Fanatics  Dissected,  1660,  4to. 

Collins.     .Sermon,  Lon.,  1663,  4to. 

Collins.     Chapter  of  Kings,  Lon.,  16mo. 
,„£""'"*'  Anne.    Divine  Songs  and  Meditation.  Lon., 
Jb53,  sm.  Svo.    A  very  rare  volume.    Priced  in  Bibl.  An^lo- 
Poet.  £18.     There  is  an  edit.  1658,  sm.  Svo. 

"Her  poetic  turn  and  moral  sentiment  are  both  deservinir  of 
praise."    See  I!estitut.i,  iii.  Ii-i-7.  ifii)-|.  ueservmg  oi 

Collins,  Anthony,  1676-1729,  a  native  of  Heston 
near  Huunslow,  in  Middlesex,  was  educated  at  Eton  and 
King  s  College,  Cambridge.  He  was  entered  a  student  in 
the  Icmple,  but  soon  abandoned  the  law  for  the  cultiva- 
tion of  such  literary  pursuits  as  might  strike  his  fancv. 
Unfr.rtun.ately.  ho  selected  a  dep,artment  far  beyond  his 
depth,— theology.  Essay  concerning  the  Use  of  Reason 
&c.,  Lon.,  1,07,  Svo.  In  the  same  year  he  took  part  in 
the  controversy  between  Dodwell  and  Samuel  Clarke  re- 
specting the  natnr.al  immortality  of  the  soul.  On  this  sub- 
ject Collins  pub.  four  pieces,  1707,  'OS.  Priestcraft  in 
Perfection,  1,10,  Svo.  This  work  attacks  the  XXth  Arti- 
cle of  the  Church  of  England.  It  elicited  .several  answers 
and  comments,  (see  prefatory  epistle  to  Dr.  Bennefs  Ess^iv 
T^^^u^^^-  ^'■"'■les.  ins,  8v,),)  which  were  responded 
!,?.^-^.f"'l»f  •"  l"24in  hisHisLand  Crit.  Essav  on  the 
;Vro  V  ^'''.eles.  ^  indication  of  the  Divine  Attributes, 
i/tu,  Svo.  Discourse  on  Frecthinking,  1713  8vo  This 
work  caused  much  excitement,  and  Collins,  alarmed  a« 
.was  supposed  at  the  noise  he  h.ad  created,  took  a  trip 
(the  second)  to  Holland,  and  remained  on  the  Continent 
for  some  months. 

.,„7»",t"'''  7°'^  ColIin.s  inveighs  against  the  vices  of  the  clerirr 
and  attempts  to  prove  that  the  divisions  among  ChrLtians  arf^ 
proof  of  the  uncertainty  of  their  prmciples."-Coat,E 

«1 


COL 


COL 


Several  answers  appeared,  and  the  great  Dr.  Bentlcy 
despatched  tlie  Discourse  at  a  single  blow  in  bis  Remarks 
upon  a  Late  Discourse  of  Freethiuking,  in  a  Letter  to  F. 
H..  D.D.,  [Dr.  Francis  Hare,]  in  two  parts,  by  Pliilileuthe- 
rus  Lipsieijsts,  Lon.,  17L3,  Svo,  1719;  and  Cumb.,  1743, 
8vo.  In  the  next  year,  1714,  Lon.,  Svo.,  Dr.  Hare  pub. 
The  Clergyman's  Thanks  to  Philileutherus,  &c.  Bentley's 
"Work  was  trans,  into  several  foreign  languages. 

'•  It  should  be  stu(lii_-d  by  every  man  who  is  desirous  of  forming 
just  notions  of  biblical  criticism.  His  observations  ou  the  vaiious 
readini^s  of  the  New 'I'estament  are  especially  worthy  of  attention." 
— Ormb:  Bibl.  Bib. 

Philosophical  Inquiry  concerning  Human  Liberty  and 
Necessity,  1715,  '17,  Svo:  trans,  into  French,  and  printed 
by  Des  Maizeaux  in  the  Recueil  de  Pieces  sur  la  Philoso- 
phie,  &c..  Amst.,  1720,  2  v(ds.  12mo.  A  Discourse  of  the 
Grounds  and  Reasons  of  the  Christian  Religion,  1724,  Svo. 

"  In  Ibis  the  auth'ir  maintains  that  Christianity  derives  no  con- 
firmation fiom  the  prophecies  of  the  Old  Testament." — Bogue. 

This  discourse  was  replied  to  by  Whiston,  Bishop  Chan- 
dler, Dr.  Samuel  Clarke,  Dr.  Sykes,  and  Dr.  Sherlock,  and 
others  ;  no  less  than  35  answers  appeared.  Whiston  treats 
"  Collins  and  Toland  in  very  severe  terms,  as  guilty  of 
impious  frauds  and  laycraft." 

In  1720  Collins  pub.  Scheme  of  Literal  Prophecy  con- 
sidered, in  view  of  the  controversy  occasioned  by  a  late 
book,  entitled  A  Discourse  of  the  Grounds,  Ac.,  Hague,  2 
vols.  12mo;  with  corrections,  Lon.,  1727,  Svo.  Letter  to 
Dr.  Rogers  on  his  8  serms.  concerning  the  Necessity  of 
Divine  Revelation,  Lon.,  1727,  Svo. 

'■  Collins  is  one  of  the  most  subtle  and  mischievous  of  his  tribe. 
He  rejects  as  inadmissible  every  kind  of  testimony  in  behalf  of 
Christianity,  except  that  which  may  be  drawn  from  Piophecy  li- 
terally accomplished ;  and  this  he  represents  as  the  sole  and  exclu- 
sive evidence  on  which  our  Lnrd  and  bis  Apostles  I'ested  the  proof 
of  the  Christian  Faith."— Bishop  Van  I\Iildi:rt. 

See  Leland's  Deistical  Writers;  Collier's  Eccles.  Hist. j 
Whiston's  Life;  Biog.  Brit.;  Curll's  CuUec.  of  Letters. 

Collins,  Arthur,  16S2-1760,  a  laborious  antiquary 
and  heraldic  writer.  Late  in  life  be  received  a  pension  of 
£400  from  George  II.  Peerage  of  England :  first  ed., 
Lon.,  1709,  Svo;  many  edits.;  the  3d  ed.,  being  the  last 
pub.  under  the  superintendence  of  the  author,  contains 
memorials  and  letters  of  Henry,  Earl  of  Northumberland, 
which  were  suppressed  in  the  subsequent  edits.  A  new 
edit.,  augmented  and  continued  to  1S12,  was  pub.  by  Sir 
Egerton  Brydges  in  1812,  9  vols.  Svo. 

'■  The  work  of  Sir  Egerton  Bryd^'es  is  one  of  the  highest  value. 
In  the  hands  of  a  man  of  genius  the  annals  of  the  noble  families 
of  Enj!;land  acquire  all  the  historical  interest  that  the  subject  de- 
mands." 

Baronettage  of  England,  1720,  2  vols.  Svo;  2d  ed.,  en- 
titled An.  Hist,  and  General  Account  of  Baronets,  &c., 
1742,  2  vols.  Svo. 

"This  work  is  of  necessary  reference  to  the  genealogical  writer, 
as  containing  accounts  of  families  which  became  extinct  previous 
to  any  subsequent  publication." — Lowndes. 

The  English  Baronage,  1727,  4to,  vol.  i.;  all  pub.  This 
was  intended  as  a  specimen  of  a  Baronage  upon  an  ex- 
tended plan.  Life  of  W.  Cecil,  Lord  Burleigh,  1732,  Svo. 
Proceedings,  Precedents,  kc.  on  claims  and  controversies 
concerning  Baronies,  (tc,  1734,  fol.  Antiquaries,  and 
members  of  the  legal  profession,  should  have  this  volume 
on  their  shelves.  Life,  &,q.  of  Edward,  Prince  of  Wales, 
sou  of  Edward  IIL,  1740,  Svo.  Family  of  Ilarley,  1741, 
Svo.  Sidney's  Family  Collections  of  Letters  and  Memo- 
rials of  State,  1746,  2  vols.  fol.  Hist.  Collections  of  the 
Noble  Families  of  Cavendish,  Holies,  Vere,  Harley,  and 
Ogle,  Lon.,  1752,  fol.  Compiled  at  the  request  of  the 
Countess  Dowager  of  Oxford. 

"The  merit  of  Collins's  works  is  unquestionable,  and  to  the 
present  day  they  have  continued  the  great  authorities  to  which 
all  subsequent  writers  on  the  same  subject  have  had  recourse." — 

MOUT.E. 

"To  the  industry  of  Collins  this  country  owes  an  account  of  its 
Kobility  which  few  others  can  show,  and  certainly  none  more  cor- 
rect in  gpnealot,^ical  detail." — Dall\wat. 

Collins,  C.  T.  Summary  of  Mosheim's  Eccl.  Hist., 
Lon.,  1S22,  2  vols.  Svo.  The  Lost  Church  Found,  2d  ed., 
1837,  8vo. 

Collins,  Charles,  D.D.,  born  1813.  at  Cumberland, 
Maine.  Graduated  at  Wesleyan  University,  1S37.  Presi- 
dent of  the  Emory  and  Henry  College,  Va.,  from  183S  to 
1852;  in  which  year  he  became  President  of  Dickinson 
College,  Pa.  Principal  work,  Methodism  and  Calvinism 
compared.  Has  contributed  extensively  to  the  Methodist 
Journals  of  U.  S. 

CoUius,  Charles.  Icones  Avium,  cum  nominibus 
Anglicis:  Designed  )iy  C.  Collins,  H.  Fletcher,  and  J. 
Myrdc.  Sc,  173t);  8  Engravings. 

Collins,  David;  1756-lSlO^  Judge  Advocate  of  New 


South  Wales,  subsequently  Governor  of  Van  Dieracn's 
Land.  Account  of  the  English  Colony  in  N^ew  South 
Wales,  with  some  Particulars  of  New  Zealand  from  Lt 
Gov.  King's  MSS.,  <fec.,  Lon.,  1798-1802,  2  vols.  4to. 

"  A  singularly  curious  and  painfully  interesting  Journal,  which 
may  be  considered  as  a  sort  of  Botany  Bay  Calendar." — Iaiti. 
Qu'irterh/  Jiiri'W. 

Collins, Francis.  Voyages  to  Portugal,  Spain,  Sicily, 
Malta,  Asia  Minor,  Egypt,&c., 1794-1801,  Lon.,lS08, 12mo. 

Collins,  G.  W.     The  Stamp  Acts,  Lon.,  1841,  Svo. 

Collins,  Greenville.    G.  B.  Coasting  Pilot,  1693,  fol. 

Collins,  Hercules.      Theolog.  treatises,  1673-1702. 

Collins,  J.     Sermons. 

Collins,  John,  1G24-I6S3,  <an  eminent  mathematician, 
a  native  of  Wood  Eaton,  near  Oxford,  contributed  greatly 
to  the  diffusion  of  mathematical  knowledge.  Description 
and  use  of  three  Quadrants,  Lon.,  165S,  4to.  Gcomet.  and 
Arithmet.  Navigation,  1659,  4to.  Geomet.  Dialling,  1659. 
4to.  Commercium  Epistolicum,  «tc.,  1712,  4to.  Other 
publications. 

'•  Collins  was  the  register  of  all  the  new  improvements  made  in 
the  mathematical  science;  the  magazine  to  which  all  the  curious 
had  recourse;  and  the  coramon  repository  where  every  part  of 
useful  knowled^;e  was  to  be  found.  It  was  on  this  accouut  that 
the  learned  styled  him  '  the  3']n{rlish  Mercenus.'  " 

See  Biog.  Brit.;  Martin's  Biog.  Philos. 

Collins,  John  M.,  and  Ludlow,  James  R.,  editors 
of  the  2d  Amer.  edit,  of  Adams's  (John,  Jr.)  Equity.  1S52, 
Svo.  The  value  of  Mr.  Adams's  work  ou  The  Doctrine  of 
Equity  can  hardly  be  e.xaggeraied.  It  is  a  commentary  on 
the  Law  as  administered  by  the  Court  of  Chancery  ;  being 
the  substance,  with  additions,  of  three  series  of  Lectures 
delivered  before  the  Incorporated  Law  Society  of  London, 
in  the  years  1842-45.  The  volume  was  pub.  in  Nov.,  1849, 
shortly  after  the  death  of  the  author,  who  had  added  his 
final  corrections  to  the  whole  of  the  work,  with  the  excep- 
tion of  the  last  four  cha]>tcrs  of  the  fourth  book.  The  3d 
American  ed.,  by  H.  Wharton,  reflects  great  credit  on  the 
editors  and  publishers. 

"  The  task  of  the  American  editors  has  been  well  performed. 
Their  notes  are  frequent,  able,  and  full.  Over  two  thousand  crises 
from  our  reports  have  been  added.  The  typographical  execution 
of  the  work  is  of  the  highest  order.  In  paper  and  printing,  no 
law  books  in  the  United  States  surpass  the  recent  publications  of 
the  Messrs.  Johnson." — Americini  Law  HegisUr,  Nov.,  lSo2. 

"  The  character  of  the  work  is  well  established,  as  is  proved  by 
a  demand  for  a  second  edition  in  this  country,  whose  value  is 
much  increased  by  the  labours  of  its  American  editors." — Judge 
Gbier. 

"The  notes  of  Mr.  Ludlow  and  Mr.  Collins  have  been  prepared 
carefully,  and  embody  very  fairly  the  American  decisions  on  the 
topics  discussed  in  the  text.'" — Judge  Kaxe. 

"  Of  the  value  of  the  original  work  I  need  not  speak.  The  pre- 
sent edition  has  been  ably  and  carefully  enriched  with  annotations, 
which  add  greatly  to  its  value.  The  notes  are  judicious  and  accu- 
i-ate."' — Judge  Sharswood. 

*' The  arrangement  is  clear  and  comprehensive;  the  doctrines 
are  generally  stated  with  accuracy,  and  the  whole  subject  is  judi- 
ciously presented." — E.  Spencer  Miller. 

"It  is  a  treatise  of  great  merit  and  oriirinality." — James  P.  IIOL- 
COMBE,  Prof.nf  Equity  in  the  Univ.  nf  Virginia. 

"  It  is  a  work  of  great  intrinsic  value,  enhanced  by  the  judicious 
and  well-selected  notes  of  Jlessrs.  Ludlow  and  Collins,  and  I  doubt 
not  will  be  highly  esteemed  by  the  profession." — S.  Greenleaf. 

Collins,  Joshua,  an  assumed  name.  Address  on  the 
Choice  anil  use  of  Books,  Lon.,  1S02,  8vo ;  4th  ed..  1S05, 
12mo;  new  ed.,  revised  and  enlarged  by  Rev.  Saml.  Catlow, 
1812,  12mo. 

"  This  little  book  contains  the  best  list  of  English  works  known." 
^Watt. 

Collins,  Nicholas.  Summary  of  the  Statutes  con- 
ceruiuLT  Justices  of  the  Peace:  4th  ed.,  Ififi.S,  12mo. 

Collins,  R.  N.  Sunday  School  Teacher's  Companion, 
with  introdnc.  Essay  by  Kev.  Dr.  Moore,  Lon.,  184.3,  Svo. 
It  is  a  standincr  reproach  to  selfish  men,  styled  Christians, 
that  Sunday  Schools  should  ever  lack  teachers. 

Collins,  Richard.  Country  Gauger's  Vade-Mecum, 
1677,  Svo. 

CoMins,  Richard.     Serms.,  1705,  '15,  '16. 

Collins,  Samuel.     Serms.,  Ac,  1607,  '12,  "17. 

Collins,  Samuel,  M.D.  The  Present  State  of  Russia, 
Lon.,  1(171,  12mo. 

*'  We  can  answer  for  thislittle  12mo  comprising  a  fund  of  amus- 
ing matter  infinitely  more  copious  than  many  very  large  and  fine 
works,  and  that  upon  not  very  dissimilar  subjects."  See  Keview 
in  the  Lon.  Retrospective  Rev.,  xiv.  32,  1S26. 

Collins,  Samuel.  Paradise  Retrieved;  or  the  Me- 
thod of  manao;inp;  and  improving  Fruit  Trees  ;  with  a  Trea- 
tise on  Melons  and  Cucumbers,  Lon.,  1717,  Svo. 

Collins,  Thomas.  The  Penitent  Pnblican,  1610. 
The  Tcares  of  Love,  or  Cupid's  Projcresse,  1615,  4to.  Seo 
extracts  from  this  poetical  tract  in  Todd's  Milton. 

Collins,  Thomas.   Physic  and  Chlrurgery,lC58,8vo. 


COL 

Collins,  Thomas.  Disscrtatio  do  Frisiila;  Lava- 
tionis  Antiiiuitato  et  nsu  in  Medicina,  Lyons,  1720,  4to. 

Collins,  Thomas.     Serms.,  17S7,  '94. 

Collins,  Thomas.     Eeady  Reckoner,  ISOl,  24mo. 

Collins,  W.     Memoir  of  Goorgo  Morland,  180B. 

Collins,  Walsingham.  Address  to  Rep.  in  Parlia- 
ment, Lim..  1778,  Svo. 

Collins,  William,  17211-1756.  a  lyric  poet  of  the  first 
rank,  was  a  native  of  Chichester,  and  educated  at  Win- 
chester School,  and  Queen's  College,  and  Magdalen  College, 
O.vford.  Whilst  at  Winchester  he  wrote  his  Persian  Ec- 
logues, which  were  puh.  in  January,  1742. 

"In  simplicity  of  description  and  expression,  in  delicacy  .and 
softness  of  numbers,  and  in  n.ituial  and  unatfected  tenderness, 
they  are  not  to  be  equalled  by  any  thing  of  the  pastoral  kind  in 
the  Enjjlish  lan};u.ige." — Langhorne. 

*'  In  bis  last  illness  be  spoke  with  disapprobation  of  his  Orient.il 
Eclo;,'ues.  as  not  sufficiently  expressive  of  Asiatic  manners,  and 
called  them  his  Irish  Eclogues."— it/s  by  Dr.  Johnson. 

About  1744  he  came  to  London,  "a  literary  adventurer, 
with  many  projects  in  his  head,  and  very  little  money  in 
his  pockets."  He  pub.  Proposals  for  a  History  of  the  Re- 
vival of  Learning,  planned  several  tragedies,  and  designed 
many  works  which  he  never  wrote. 

"  His  grciit  fault  was  irresolution;  or  the  frequent  calls  of  im- 
mediate Tier,  ssity  broke  bis  scheme,  and  suffered  him  to  pursue 
nosettled  pm  pose.''— Dli.  JoHrisO!(.  See  Disraeli's  commcuts  upon 
Johnson's  remarks :  Calamities  of  Authors. 

In  1747  he  pub.  his  Odes,  hnt  excellent  as  they  were, 
they  were  entirely  neglected,  and  Millar,  the  publisher,  was 
a  loser  liy  the  operation.  In  1749  the  unsuccessful  poet 
received  a  legacy  of  £2000  from  the  executors  of  his  uncle, 
Colonel  Martin,  who  h.ad  previously  befriended  him.  Ho 
paid  Millar  the  money  which  he  had  lost  by  the  Odes,  and 
threw  the  remaining  copies  into  the  fire.  An  irregular 
life  had  combined  with  mortification  and  disappointment 
to  unsettle  his  mind,  and  to  avert  the  fearful  calamity  with 
which  he  felt  him.self  threatened,  he  travelled  for  some 
time  in  France,  in  hopes  of  benefit  from  change  of  scene. 
But  he  returned  home  to  enter  that  sad  mansion — a  luna- 
tic asylum  ;  from  which  he  retired  to  the  house  of  his  sister 
at  Chichester,  where  he  died  at  the  early  age  of  thirty-six. 
Johnson  visited  him  at  Islington,  and  gives  .an  alfecting 
account  of  the  interview.  Collins  held  a  volume  in  his 
hand.  "  I  have  but  one  book,"  he  remarked,  "but  that  is 
the  best,"  It  was  a  copy  of  the  New  Testament.  Several 
edits,  of  his  works  have  been  pub. ;  one  of  the  best  of  which 
is  that  by  Rev.  Alexander  Dyce,  which  includes  the  Life  Ijy 
Johnson,  and  Observations  on  his  Writings  by  Dr.  Lang- 
horne, Lon.,  1827,  r.  Svo.  See  Collections  of  English 
Poetry  by  Johnson,  Bell,  Anderson,  i'c.  The  Odes  on  the 
Passions,  To  Evening.  To  the  Brave.  To  Mercy,  and  On 
the  Death  of  Thomson,  can  never  become  obsolete.  We 
append  some  opinions  upon  the  works  of  this  truly  excel- 
lent poet: 

'■  The  works  of  Collins  will  abide  comparison  with  whatever 
Milton  wrote  under  the  age  of  thirty.  If  they  have  rather  less 
exuberant  wealth  of  genius,  they  have  more  exquisite  touches  of 
pathos.  Like  Milton,  ho  leads  us  into  the  haunted  ground  of 
imagination  :  like  him.  he  has  the  lich  economy  of  expression  hal- 
lowed with  thought,  which  bv  single  or  few  words  often  hints 
entire  pictures  to  the  imHgimition.  .  .  .  Had  he  lived  In  eiii..v  .lud 
adorn  existence,  it  is  not  easy  to  conceive  his  sensiiiie  t|iiti>  and 

harmonious  ear  descending  to  mediocrity  in  any  ].allj  <>i  j hy: 

yet  it  may  he  doubted  if  his  mind  had  not  a  passion  for  the  vi- 
sionary and  remote  forms  of  imagination  too  strong  and  exclusive 
for  the  general  purposes  of  the  drama."— Cnmnteifs  Lives  of  the 
B^eLs. 

'■  One  of  our  most  exquisite  poets,  and  of  whom,  perhaps,  with- 
out exaggeration,  it  ni.ay  be  asserted,  that  he  partook  of  the  cre- 
dulity and  enthusiasm  of  Tas.so,  the  magic  wildness  of  Shakspeare 
the  sublimity  of  Milton,  and  the  pathos  of  Ossian."— ZlraJe's  iii'c' 
rari/  Hours. 

"  He  had  a  wonderful  combination  of  excellencies.  United  to 
splendour  and  suljlimity  of  imagin.ation,  he  had  a  richness  of  eru- 
dition, a  keenness  of  research,  a  nicety  of  taste,  and  an  elegance 
and  truth  of  moriil  reflection,  which  astonished  those  who  had  the 
luck  to  be  intimate  with  him." — Sir  Egerton  Hrydoes. 

"Of  all  our  minor  poets,  that  is.  those  who  have  attempted  only 
short  pieces,  Collins  is  probably  the  one  who  has  shown  most  of 
the  higher  qualities  of  poetry,  and  who  excites  the  most  intense 
interest  in  the  bosom  of  the  reader.  He  soars  into  the  regions  of 
imagination,  and  occupies  the  highest  peaks  of  Parnassus  His 
fancy  is  glowing  and  vivid,  but  at  the  same  time  hasty  and  obscure 
Ho  has  the  true  inspiration  of  the  poet.  He  heats  and  melts  ob- 
jects, in  the  fervour  of  liis  genius,  as  in  a  furnace." — H.\zlitt. 

"  His  diction  was  often  harsh  and  unskilfully  laboured  and  in- 
judiciously selected.  He  affected  the  obsolete  when  it  was  not 
worthy  of  revival ;  and  he  puts  his  words  out  of  the  common 
order,  seeming  to  think,  with  some  later  candidates  for  fame,  that 
not  to  write  prose  is  certainly  to  write  poetry.  His  lines  com- 
monly are  of  slow  motion,  clogged  and  impeded  with  clusters  of 
consonants.  As  men  are  often  esteemed  who  cannot  be  loved,  so 
the  poetry  of  Collins  may  sometimes  extort  praise  wdien  it  gives 
Uttle  pleasure." — Johnson  :  Lives  of  the  Eyiglish  roets. 


COL 

"Though  utterly  neglected  on  tlicir  iirst  appearance,  the  Odes 
of  Collins,  in  the  course  of  one  gcneralion,  without  any  adventi- 
tious aid  to  bring  them  into  notice,  were  acknowledged  to  be  the 
best  of  their  kind  in  the  language.  Silently  and  imiierceptilily 
they  had  risen  by  their  own  buoyancy ;  and  their  power  was  felt  by 
every  reader  who  Iiad  any  poetic  feeiing." — Southey. 

An  excellent  ed.  of  Collins's  works  was  edited  by  Mr. 
Thomas  and  puh.  Lon..  1858,  Svo. 

Collins,  William  Wilkie,  h.  1824,  in  London. 
1.  Memoirs  of  his  Father,  William  Collins,  E.A.,  the  cele- 
brated painter.  Lon.,  1848,  2  vols.  p.  Svo. 

"  Sometimes  the  son  describes  a  picture  as  happily  as  the  father 
painted  it." — Lon.  £xami7ter, 

"Most  interesting  and  instructive  volumes.  In  speaking  of 
himself,  he  describes  with  much  simplicity  a  frame  of  mind  well 
calculated  for  the  achievement  of  distinction  in  any  walk  of  life, 
but  more  especially  in  the  profession  of  art." — Lmi.  Art  Journal. 

2.  Antonina;  or.  The  Fall  of  Rome;  2d  ed.,  1860.  3. 
Rambles  beyond  Railways,  1851,  Svo.  4.  Basil,  1852.  3 
vols.  p.  Svo;  1856,  12mo.  5.  Mr.Wray's  Cash-Box,  1852, 
12mo.  6.  Hide  and  Seek,  1854,  3  vols.  p.  Svo.  7.  After 
Dark,  1856,  12mo.     8.  Dead  Secret,  1857,  2  vols.  p.  Svo. 

"Mr.  Wilkie  Collins  has  justitied  the  expectations  that  were 
formed  of  him  on  the  appearance  of  his  tirst  acknowledged  romance, 
'Antonina.'  Since  then  he  has  gone  ou  steadily  improving,  each 
work  making  progress  on  the  preceding  one;  and  this,  we  believe, 
is  the  nmst  acceptable  praise  that  can  be  oflered  to  an  artist.  In 
his  earlier  works  he  delighted  in  the  morbid  anatomy  and  painful 
delineation  of  monstrous  growths  of  miscalled  liuman  nature.  As 
his  mind  has  matured  and  mellowed,  it  has  become  healthier.  Mr. 
Wilkie  Collins  has  his  faculty  of  invention  well  under  control;  and 
he  keeps  clear  of  extravagance  either  iu  style  or  incident. '■ — Lon. 
jK/icn.,  Mar.  1,  1856:  After  Dark. 

His  works  have  been  translated  into  French  and  German. 

Collinson,  G.D.  A  Treatise  on  the  Law  concern- 
ing Idiots,  Lunatics,  and  other  Persons  Non  Compotes 
Mentis.  Lon.  1812,  2  vols.  Svo. 

"Collinson  on  Lunacy,  I  take  this  occasion  to  say.  is  a  valuable 
work,  both  for  doctrine  and  precedents,  on  this  melancholy  sub- 
ject of  the  humau  mind  in  ruins." — Cil.\NCELLon  Kent. 

Collinson, John.  Lifeof  Thuanus,  4c.,Lon.,lS07,8vo. 

"  It  is  said  that  Lord  Chancellor  Hardwicke  resigned  the  seals 
that  he  might  have  leisure  to  peruse  Thuanus's  History." 

The  best  edit,  of  Thuanus's  Historiam  sui  Temporis  is 
Buckley's,  Londini,  1753,  7  vols.  fol.  Analysis  of  Hook- 
er's Eccles.  Polity,  1810,  Svo.  Key  to  the  Fathers;  being 
8  Sermons  at  the  Bampton  Lecture,  1813,  Svo, 

"  We  recommend  this  work  either  as  a  key  to  those  who  are  de- 
sirous of  scrutinizing  these  rich  treasures  of  antiquity  {the  Fa- 
thers) in  the  course  of  their  own  labours;  or  as  the  best  substitute 
for  them,  to  those  who  wish  only  to  be  generally  acquainted  with 
their  contents." — British  Critic. 

Preparation  for  the  Gospel,  Ac,  1S30,  Svo. 

Collinson,  John.  ISeanties  of  British  Antiquity; 
selected  from  the  writings  of  esteemed  Antiquaries,  Lon., 
1780,  Svo.  Hist,  and  Autiq.  of  the  County  of  Somerset, 
Bath,  1791,  3  vols.  4to. 

Collinson,  Peter,  1693-1768,  an  eminent  botanist, 
a  native  f>f  Westmoreland,  contributed  many  valuable  pa- 
pers to  the  Phil.  Trans.  See  1729,  '44,  '60,  '65,  '69,  '64, 
'67.  A  paper  of  his  relating  to  the  Round  Tower  at  Ard- 
mere  in  Ireland  will  be  found  in  Archajologia.  i.  305, 1770. 
This  was  answered  by  B.  0.  Salusbury,  in  p.  80  of  vol  2d. 
An  Account  of  P.  Collinson  was  printed,  not  pub.,  Lon., 
1770,  4to.  Dr.  J.  C.  Lettsom  pulj.  in  1786,  Svo,  Memoirs 
of  Drs.  Fothergill,  Cuming,  Cleghorn,  Russel,  and  Col- 
linson. A  Tribute  to  Peter  Collinson  was  contributed  by 
the  late  Wm.  H.  Dillingham  of  Philadelphia  to  the  Biblical 
Repertory,  Princeton,  (New  Jersey.)  anil  since  pub.  in 
pamphlet  form.  See  also  Nichols's  Literary  Anecdotea 
for  notices  of  Peter  Collinson. 

Collis,  Edward.     Medical  treatise,  Lon.,  1791,  Svo. 

CoUisson.  M.A.     17  Sermons,  1848,  12mo. 

Collop,  John.  M.D.  Poesy  revived.  Odi  Profanum 
VulgusotArceo.Lon..  1666,  Svo.  Iter  Satyricum,  1660.  4to. 

Collot,  A.  G.,  b.  1796,  in  France.  Settled  in  America. 
Complete  Study  of  French,  6  vols.  French  and  English, 
and  English  and  French  Dictionary,  Svo,  pp.  1300.  Phi- 
ladelphia, 1863. 

"A  very  valuable  and  reliable  work.'' 

Colls,  John  H.  Poetical  and  dramat.  works,  1785- 
1805. 

Colly,  Anthony.     Golden  Purging  Pills,  1671.  4to. 

CoIIypr,  IJ.     Fugitive  Pieces  for  Schools,  2vols.  ]2mo. 

CoUyer,  David,  'Vicar  of  Great  Coxwell,  Berks. 
The  Sacred  Interpreter,  Lon.,  1726,  2  vols.  Svo.;  trans, 
into  German  in  1760.  Several  English  edits. ;  the  last 
Lon.,  1831,  Svo. 

"  This  work  is  calculated  for  readers  in  general,  and  is  a  good 
popular  preparation  for  the  study  of  the  Holy  Scriptures."— Bishop 
Marsh. 

Also  recommended  by  Bishops  Watson,  Lloyd,  Van 
Mildert,  Drs.  E.  Williams,  Burton,  and  others. 


COL 


COL 


"  It  is  not  a  profound  or  critical  book;  but  it  is  a  tolerable  in- 
troduction to  the  Scriptures." — Or.siE. 

CoUyer,  J.     1.  Sermon.     2.  Remarks,  1S12. 

Collyer,  John.  New  Game  Act,  Lon.,  1831,  12mo. 
Crimiual  Statutes,  &c.,  Analyzed  and  Arranged,  1832, 
12mo.  Reports  of  Cases  in  H.  C.  of  Chancery,  H.  T.,  1S44 
to  U.  T.,  1845,1845-47,  2  vols.  r.Svo.,  continued  by  Messrs. 
Be  Gex  and  Smale.  Practical  Treatise  on  the  Law  of 
Partnership,  2d  ed.,  greatly  enlarged,  Lon..  1840,  8vo. 
1st  and  2d  ed.,  American  edits.,  by  W.  Phillips  and  E. 
Pickering,  Springfield,  1834-39;  3d  Amcr.  edit.,  l)y  J.  C. 
Perkins  with  large  addits.,  Boston,  1848j  and  4th  Amer. 
edit.,  with  Perkins's  notes.  1S53. 

"  In  the  preparation  of  this  work,  Mr.  Perkins  has  rendered  a 
l>enefit  to  the  profession  which  should  not  pass  unnoticed." — Law 
Keporter. 

"  The  best  English  treatise  on  the  law  of  partoeiship  is  unques- 
tionably that  of  Mr.  Collyer.  as  cont-iining  a  full  .^tittt'ment  of  the 
principal  decisions  of  Lord  Eldon.  whnge  subtle  and  powerful  ]e<za\ 
intellect  pre-eminently  distincuished  itself  in  cases  of  partnership 
and  Imnkruptcy." — Warretrs  Law  Sludics,  761. 

Collyer,  John  B.     Sermon,  1806.     Charge,  1846. 

Collyer,  Joseph,  d.  1776.  Parent's  Directory,  1761. 
Trans,  from  the  German  :  Noah,  1767,  2  vols.  12nio.  Hist. 
of  Lady  iS.,  1776,  2  vols.  8vo.  Continuation  of  Klopstock's 
Messiah,  commenced  by  his  wife,  Marv  C<t]lyer,  pub.  in 
1763,  2  vols.  12mo.  Collyer  also  pub.  the  Hist,  of  Eng- 
land, 1775.  14  vols.  12mo,  and  assisted  in  writing  a  Geog. 
Hist,  and  Biog.  Diet,  of  the  World,  1772,  2  vols.  foL  His 
works  are  now  forgotten. 

Collyer,  Mary,  d.  1763,  wife  of  the  preceding.  Let- 
ters from  Felicia  to  Charlotte,  Lon.,  1750,  3  vols.  12mo. 
Trans,  of  Gesner's  Death  of  Abel,  1761,  12mo.  She  com- 
menced a  trans,  of  Klopstock's  Messiah,  but  did  not  finish 
it.  It  was  completed  by  her  husband,  and  pub.  in  1763, 
2  vols.  12mo. 

Collyer,  William  Bensro,  D.D.,  d.  1854,  Minister 
of  the  Independent  Chapel,  Peckham.  Lectures  on  Scrip- 
ture Facts,  Lon..  1807;  On  Scripture  Prophecy,  180y:  On 
Scripture  Miracles.  1812:  On  Scripture  Parables,  1815 ; 
On  Scripture  Doctrines,  1818;  On  Scripture  Duties,  lS20j 
On  Scripture  Comparisons,  1822;  in  all  7  vols.  8vo. 

"The  popular  Lectures  embrace  a  multitude  of  important  sub- 
jects, and  afford  strong  proofs  of  the  laborious  diligence  of  the  well- 
known  author.  They  do  not  contain  mu<-h  liiblical  criticism  or 
interpretation;  which  indeed  would  scarcely  have  suited  the  wri- 
ter's plan  and  subject.  But  they  contain  many  interesting  views 
of  the  diversified  topics  which  they  discuss,  and  coustantly  weave 
the  leading  principles  of  the  evangelical  system  into  every  subject."' 
— Orme:  Bihl.Bib. 

Dr.  Collyer  pub.  some  other  works. 

Collyn,  Nich.     Justice  of  the  Peace.  Ac,  1650,  8vo. 

Collyns,  W.,  Surgeon.  Ten  Minutes'  Advice  to  my 
Neighbours,  on  the  Use  and  Abuse  of  Salt  as  a  Manure, 
Exeter,  1827,  8vo. 

Colman,  31iss.  First  Lesson  in  French,  Pbila., 
16mo.  Ladies'  Casket,  32mo.  Ladies'  Vase  of  Wild 
Flowers.  32mo. 

Colman,  3Irs.  The  Bridal  Keepsake,  New  York, 
1850,  Svo.     Innocence  of  Childhood,  New  York,  1850. 

'•  Mrs.  Colman  wiites  in  a  style  so  easy  and  so  true  to  nature, 
that  the  stories  contained  in  tliis  little  book  cannot  fail  to  please 
the  youthful  mind." — Boston  Ti--iv^cnpt. 

Colmau,  Benjamin,  D.D.,  b.  1673,  at  Boston,  and 
first  minister  of  the  Brattle  Street  Church,  graduated  at 
Harvard  College,  in  1692.  He  pub.  many  sermons  and 
other  works,  for  an  account  of  which  see  his  Life,  by  his 
son-in-law,  Mr.  Turell,  1749,  Svo.  Evangelical  Sermons 
Collected,  1707,  '22,  3  vols. 

'•  The  rejider  will  find  some  of  the  most  spiritual  and  evangeli- 
cal subjects  trtiated  with  a  vein  of  good  sense  and  true  piety,  and 
sacred  truth  agreeably  represented." — De.  Isaac  VTatts. 

Colman,  George,  1733  ?-1794,  was  the  son  of  Thomas 
Colman,  British  resident  at  the  court  of  the  Grand  Duke  of 
Tuscany,  at  Pisa.  George  was  born  at  Florence,  but  placed 
early  in  life  at  Westminster  School,  where  he  attracted  at- 
tention by  his  talents  and  application.  He  was  elected  to 
Christ  Church  College,  Oxford,  in  1751,  and  took  the  degree 
of  M.A.  in  1758.  Upon  coming  to  London  he  studied  law, 
and  was  entered  of  the  Society  of  Lincoln's  Inn;  but  poetry 
and  the  drama  were  more  congenial  to  his  tastes,  and  Little- 
ton and  Blackstone  were  soon  abandoned.  His  first  drama- 
tic piece.  Polly  Honeycomb,  was  acted  at  Drury  Lane  in 
1760,  with  great  success ;  and  his  reputation  was  increased 
by  The  Jealous  Wife,  which  appeared  in  the  next  year. 
When  quite  young,  he  had  contributed  some  excellent  pa- 
pers to  The  Connoisseur,  and  about  1761  he  pub.  many  hu- 
morous pieces  in  the  St.  James's  Chronicle,  (of  which  he 
was  proprietor,)  in  which  Bonnel  Thornton,  his  old  ally  in 
the  Connoisseur,  was  also  a  writer.  In  1761  Lord  Bath, 
a  connexion,Ieft  him  a  handsome  anuuitv,  which  was  in- 


creased  l>y  tlie  demise  of  General  Pulteney  (Lord  Bath*a 
successor)  in  1767.  In  1764  he  pub.  a  Trans,  of  the  Come- 
dies of  Terence,  into  familiar  English  blank  Verse,  4toj 
and  1768.  2  vols.  Svo.  This  publication  displayed  uncom- 
mon al.iilities. 

'■A  better  translation  cannot  be  expected ;  it  is  such  as  Terence 
deservfd,  and  done  by  a  man  of  almost  equal  comic  powers  with 
himself." — Db.  A.  Clakke. 

In  1768  he  became  one  of  the  proprietors  of  Covent- 
Garden  theatre,  from  which  he  soon  retired,  and  subse- 
quently conducted  the  Haymarket  theatre.  He  wrote 
pieces  (the  list  of  his  productions  includes  35)  for  the  stage, 
and  traus.  others  from  the  French.  In  1783  he  pub.  a  new 
Trans,  of  Horace's  Art  of  Poetry,  with  a  commentary,  in 
which  he  ovei-throws  Dr.  Hurd's  hypothesis  of  the  origin 
of  this  work.  In  1789  he  lost  his  reason,  and  died  in  1794. 
His  Dramatic  Works  were  pub.  in  1777,  4  vols.  Svo.  This 
collection  does  not  contain  all  of  his  dramatic  publications. 
His  Miscellaneous  Works  were  pub.  in  1787,3  vols.  12mo; 
and  some  particulars  of  his  Life,  written  by  himself,  in 

1795,  Svo. 

*'  As  a  scholar  he  holds  a  very  respectable  rank,  as  may  be  seen 
by  his  translations  of  Horace's  Art  of  Poetry,  and  of  the'comedies 
of  Terence;  and  his  manners  were  as  pleasing  as  his  talents  were 
respectaltlc." 

See  Biog.  Dramat. ;  Pref.  t«rthe  Connoisseur. 

Colman,  <;eorge,  the  younger,  1762-1S36,  son  of  the 
preceding,  was  educated  at  Westminster  School,  Christ 
Church  College,  Oxford,  and  King's  College,  Aberdeen. 
He  wrote  many  plays,  of  which  The  Iron  Chest.  1796,  was 
perhaps  the  most  striking,  and  John  Bull  the  most  profit- 
able. Sir  Walter  Scott  commends  the  latter  highly.  See 
Biog.  Dramat.  He  also  pub.  My  Nightgown  and  Slippers, 
1797,  4to;  enlarged  and  repub.  under  the  title  of  Broad 
Grins,  Lon.,  1802,  Svo;  8th  edit.,  1S39,  12mo. 

'•  Few  books  have  caused  more  loud  lauphs  than  the  Broad  Grins 
of  George  Colman  the  younger:  it  is  a  happy  union  of  mirth  and 
the  muse,  and  good  jokes  are  related  in  so  agreeable  and  facetious 
a  manner,  that  they  can  scarcely  be  forgotten." — Lon.  Lit.  Oiron. 

"■  What  antic  have  we  here,  in  motley  livery  of  red  and  yellow, 
with  cap  on  h^ad.  and  dagger  of  lath  in  hand?  It  is  the  king's 
jester,  a  prof-sstd  dmll.  strangely  gifted  in  all  grimace,  who  pulls 
faces,  and  .sells  l'i  ins  bv  the  yard'.  For  the  impudent  joke  he  baa 
scarcely  an  eijual," — )yef,(vii7ister  Jieview. 

Poetical  Vagaries,  1812,  4fo.  Vagaries  Defended,  1813, 
4to.  Eccentricities  for  Edinburgh;  Poems,  Edin.,  1816, 
Svo.  Poetical  Works;  Broad  Grins,  Vagaries,  and  Eccen- 
tricities, Lon..  1840, 24mo,     The  1st  edit,  of  The  Iron  Chest, 

1796,  Svo,  contains  severe  strictures  on  John  Philip  Kem- 
ble.  In  the  later  edits,  these  were  cancelled.  Kandom 
Recollections,  1830,  2  vols.  Svo. 

'MVe  consider  these  volumes  to  offer  the  most  amusing,  if  not 
the  best,  specimen  of  Dramatic  Memoirs  hitherto  offered  to  the 
public." — Court  Jmtrvah 

Colman,  Henry.     Serm.,  1711,  4fo.     Essay. 

Colman,  Henry,  1785-1S49.  b.  Boston.  Reports  of 
the  Agriculture  uf  Massachusetts,  Boston,  1840,  &c.  Euro- 
pean Agriculture  and  Rural  Economy;  4th  ed.,  1S51,  2 
vols.  Svo.  Agriculture  and  Rural  Economy  of  France, 
Belgium.  Holland,  and  Switzerland,  1848,  Svo.  European 
Life  and  Manners.  1849,  2  vols.  12mo.     Sermons,  2  vols. 

Colman, Morsran.  Genealogies  of  K.  James  and  Queen 
Anne,  his  wife,  from  the  Conquest,  160S,  4to.   See  Granger, 

Colman,  W.     La  Dance  Machabre.  or  Death's  Duell, 
Lon.,  16.'J-,  12mo.     See  British  Bibliographer,  ii.  463. 
*•  Though  not  perform'd  with  that  poeficke  fire, 
Tbe  niceness  of  our  present  times  inspire; 
He  spoyles  the  operation  of  a  pill, 
Conformeth  it  onto  the  patient's  will." 

Poem  Iry  the  '*  aut?tor  to  ?iis  hook.'* 

Sold  at  Reed's  sale.  6661,  £7  lbs. 

Colmore,  3IattheAV,  Oratio  Funebris,  &c.,  Oxf., 
1613.  4to. 

Colnett,  James,  Capt.,R.N.  Voyage  to  the  South 
Atlantic  and  Pacific  Ocean,  for  the  purpose  of  extending 
the  Spermaceti  Whale  Fisheries,  and  ascertaining  the  Is- 
lands, Ports,  &c.,  Lon.,  1798,  4to.  This  Voyage  was  made 
in  1793,  '94.  and  extended  Northward  as  far  as  the  coast 
of  California. 

Colnett,  William,  D.D.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1711,  4to. 

Colpitts,  T.     Improvements  in  Police.  1803,  Svo. 

Colquhoun,  Mrs.  Maurice,  the  Elector  of  Saxony, 
Lon..  3  vfds.  p.  Svo. 

*'  Mrs.  Colqnhoun  has  spared  no  pains  or  research  to  make  her- 
self mistress  of  her  subject.  It  has  all  the  merits  of  a  sterling 
history." — Lnn.  Literarv  Gazette. 

"Interwoven  with  hist<>riial  facts,  we  have  a  romance  of  stirrine 
adventure.  The  fa'iliiy  ..f  invention  displayed  is  reniarlialile.  It 
teems  with  incidents,     TIih  style  is  fluent." — Cmn-t  Junriial. 

CoIq!!hoiin,T).C.  Animal  Magnetism, Lon. .3  vol.s.Svo. 

Colqnhonn,  J.C.  Education  in  Ireland.  Cbelt.,  1838, 
12mo.     Hints  on  the  cpicstion  now  affecting  the  Church  of 


COL 


COL 


Seotlantl,  Glasg.,  1840,  8vo.  Isis  Hevelata:  Peven  Lec- 
tures on  Somnambulism;  trans,  from  the  German  of  Dr. 
Arnold  WieuhoU,  Lon.,  Svo. 

''  A  very  extraoi  dinary  work,  full  of  profound  thought,  and  very 
elegantly  translated." — Lon.  Medical  Times. 

Magie,  Wit  eh  or  aft,  «tc.,  ISJl,  2  vols.  p.  Svo.  Short 
Sketches  of  snnie  Notable  Lives,  18.^5,  ]2mo. 

Colquhoiin,  Lady  Janet,  1781-1846,  daughter  of 
Sir  John  Sinclair  of  Ulster,  wife  of  Sir  James  Colquhoun 
of  Rossdhu.  Narrative  founded  on  Facts,  1822.  Thoughts 
on  the  Religious  Profession  and  Practice  of  Scotland,  1823. 
Impression  of  the  Heart,  1825.     Sorrowing  yet  Rejoicing. 

•-  Pervaded  thvouiihout  by  a  tone  of  the  most  evangelical  devo- 
tion."— Sirotdsh  Gu'irdiau. 

Despair  and  Hope.  The  Kingdom  of  God.  The  World's 
Religion  as  contrasted  with  Genuine  Christianity,  1839. 

"  We  should  particularly  reconimeud  this  excL*llent  volume  to 
be  put  into  thf  h;tnds  of  such  educated  young  females  as  admire 
the  writinjrs  of  Hannah  Mnie.  and  are  able  to  relish  them.  The 
pious  and  gifted  writer  treats  her  subjects  under  the  evident  in- 
fluence of  great  spirituality  of  feeling,  very  clearly,  and  very  im- 
pressively."— Lmi.  JVatchmun. 

The  Memoirs  of  this  excellent  woman  were  pub.  by  Rev. 
James  Hamilton.  Lon.,  1854;  4th  ed.,  Svo.  A  Memoir  of  her 
sister.  Miss  Hannah  Sinclair,  who  died  in  1818,  was  pnb.  by 
Rev.  Legh  Richmond.  A  vol.  of  her  Letters  on  the  Prin- 
ciples of  Christian  Faith  was  given  to  the  world  after  her 
decease,  and  a  collective  ed.  of  her  works  in  1S51,  Svo. 

Colquhoun,  John,  D.D.  Spirit.  Comf'-rt,  1813. 12mo. 

"This  is  suited  rather  for  the  depressed,  than  the  backslider." — 

BlCKERSTETH. 

The  Covenant  of  Grace,  1818. 

Colquhoun,  John*  The  Moor  and  the  Loch,  Lon., 
3d  edit.,  1851.  Svo. 

"  The  Moor  and  the  Loch  is  the  book  of  the  season." — Lon.  Sport- 
ing Hei'inv. 

•■  Unpretending,  clear,  and  practical,  and  does  honour  to  the 
'parent  lake.'  The  book  bre;ithes  of  the  mountain  and  the  flood, 
and  will  carry  the  sportsman  back  to  the  days  of  his  youth."* — Lon. 
Quarter!}/  Iteview. 

The  Rocks  and  Rivers  of  Scotland,  Lon,,  1849,  p.  Svo. 

"Mr.  CoIquh"un.  we  believe,  was  the  first  (with  cue  exception) 
who  occupied  this  field  of  letters:  assuredly  he  has  not  been  its 
least  successful  cultivator." — Edin.  Even.  Cotirant. 

Colquhoun^  Lud.  Report  of  the  Proceedings  under 
a  Brieve  of  Idiotry.  Duncan  v.  Yoolow,  Edin.,  1837,  Svo. 

"  A  work  of  no  ordinary  value." — Ed.  ^fed.  and  Surg.  Jour. 

Colquhoun,  Patrick,  LL.D.,  1745-1820,  a  native  of 
Scotland.  Police  of  the  Metropolis,  Lon.,  1796,  Svo;  8th 
edit.,  1806.  Svo. 

'■  A  curious,  important,  and  interesting;  work." — Lownties. 

Commerce  and  Police  of  the  River  Thames.  1800.  Svo. 
Treatise  on  Indigence,  1806.  Svo.  On  the  Wealth,  Power, 
and  Resources  of  the  British  Empire;  2d  edit.,  1815,  4to. 

''  This  work  enjoyed  for  a  while  a  considerable  d(?gree  of  popu- 
larity, to  which  it  certainly  had  but  slender  claims.  It  is,  from 
beginning  to  end,  a  tissue  of  extravagant  hypotheses  and  exagge- 
ration."— McCuLLOca:  Lit.  of  Polit.  Economy. 

System  of  Education  for  the  labouring  People,  1806,  Svo. 

Colquhoun,  Patrick.  Summary  of  Roman  Civil 
Law,  illustrated  by  Ci>mmentaries  on,  and  Parables  from, 
the  Mosaic,  Canou,  Mohammedan,  English,  and  Foreign 
Law;  vol.  i.,  Lon.,  1S50,  r.  Svo;  vol.  ii.,  1851-53. 

Colrane.     See  Colerain-e,  Lonn. 

Colse,  Peter.  Penelope's  Cnniplaint;  or  a  Mirror 
for  Wanton  Minions.  Taken  out  of  Homer's  Odissea,  and 
written  in  English  Verse,  Lon.,  1506,  4to:  32  leaves.  A 
copy  in  a  bookseller's  catalogue  is  priced  £15  15*. 

"  While  Pet(;r  Colse  indulijed  an  obliquity  of  reflection  against 
"Willobie's  Avisa,  he  avowedly  imitated  its  style  and  structure  of 
lyric  versification." — Re.stituta^  iii.  532. 

Colson.     Langne  Toscane,  Lon.,  Svo. 

Colson,  Charles.     Serm.  on  the  Eucharist,  1844,  Svo. 

Colson,  John,  d.  1760,  Prof,  of  Mathematics  at  Cam- 
bridge. Jlethod  uf  Fluxions,  &c.,  trans,  from  the  Latin  of 
Sir  1.  Newton,  Lon.,  1736,  4to.  Analytical  Institutions, 
from  the  Italian  of  Agnesi ;  edited  by  John  HelHns,  1801, 
2  vols.  4to.     Con.  to  Phil.  Trans..  1707,  '26.  '36, 

Colson,  Xath.     Mariner's  N.  Kalendar,  1697,  4to. 

Colson,  \Vm.     1.  Arith.     2.  Fr.  Grammar.  1612,  "20. 

Colston,  Launeelot.  Philosophia  Maturatse  ;  con- 
taining the  practicalpartthereof  in  giving  the  Philosopher's 
Stone ;  whereunto  is  added  a  work  compiled  by  St.  Dunstan, 
Lon.,  166S,  12mo. 

Colston,  Itlarianne.  Journal  of  a  Tour  in  France, 
Switzerland,  and  Italy,  1S19,  '20,  21;  and  50  Prints  illus- 
trative of  the  above  Tour. 

'■  The  .\uthor  appears  to  have  been  indefatigable  in  her  researches, 
and  she  has  given  us  descriptions  of  every  object  in  her  route 
which  was  worthy  of  the  smallest  notice ;  so  that  her  volume  will 
be  a  great  acquisition  to  future  Tourists,  as  well  as  a  fund  of  in- 
formation and  amusement  to  stay-at-home  Travellers." — European 
Mag.,  Aug.  1S23. 


Coltheart,  P.      Quacks  Unmasked,  1727,  4to. 

Colthrop,  Sir  Henry.  The  Liberties,  Usages,  and 
Customs  of  the  City  of  Loudon.  Lon.,  1642,  4to.  Reprinted 
in  the    Somers    Collection  of  Tracts,  vol.  v, 

Coltman,  John,  d.  1808.  Every  Man's  Monitor,  1781, 
12mo;  a  collection  of  sentences  and  maxims. 

Coltman,  N.     New  Traveller's  Companion,  ]Sn8,4to. 

Colton,  Caleb  C.,d.  1832,  Vicar  of  Kew  and  Peter- 
sham, was  educated  at  Eton  and  King's  College,  Cambridge. 
Narrative  of  the  Sampford  Ghost,  1810,  Svo.  Hypocrisy, 
a  satirical  Poem,  1812,  Svo.  Napoleon,  a  Poem,  1812.  Svo. 
Lines  on  the  ConHagration  of  Moscow,  1816.  Svo.  Lacon, 
or  Many  Things  in  Few  Words,  1820,  Svo;  6th  ed.,  1821; 
vol.  ii.,  1822.  In  the  preparation  of  this  work,  Mr.  C. 
profited  by  the  Essays  of  Bacon  and  the  Materials  of 
Burdon.  It  is  one  of  the  most  excellent  collections  of 
apothegms  in  the  language,  but  benefited  none  less  than 
the  author.  A  passion  for  gaming  involved  him  in  embar- 
rassments, which  forced  him  to  abscond  to  America  in  1828, 
to  avoid  his  creditors.  He  next  took  up  his  residence  at 
Paris,  where  he  was  so  successful  at  play  that  in  two  years 
or  less  he  is  said  to  have  cleared  £25,000.  A  dread  of  an 
impending  surgical  operation  so  preyed  upon  his  mind,  that 
he  blew  out  his  brains  whilst  on  a  visit  to  Major  Sherwell 
at  Funtaineblcau.  What  a  commentary  upon  one  of  his 
own  apothegms  in  Laeon  : 

"  The  gamester,  if  he  die  a  martyr  to  his  profession,  is  doubly 
ruined.  He  adds  his  soul  to  every  other  loss,  and  by  the  act  of 
suicide,  renounces  earth  to  forfeit  heaven !"' 

Colton,  Rev.  Calvin,  1780-1857,  a  native  of  Long 
Mcadiiw.  iMa^sachusetts,  graduated  at  Yale  College  in 
1SI2.  In  1831  he  visited  England,  where  he  remained  for 
four  years  as  a  correspondent  of  the  New  York  Observer. 
He  was  appointed  Prof,  of  Pulitieal  Economy  in  Trinity 
College.  Hartford.  I.  A  Manual  for  Emigrants  to  America, 
L m.,  1832.  2.  History  and  Character  of  American  Re- 
vivals of  Religion;  3d  ed.  3.  The  Americans;  by  an 
American  in  London,  1833.  4.  The  American  Cottager. 
5.  A  Tour  of  American  Lakes,  2  vols.  6,  Church  and 
State  in  America:  being  a  Reply  to  the  Bishop  of  London. 
7.  Four  Years  in  Great  Britain.  N.Y.,  1835.  8.  Protestant 
Jesuitism,  1836.  9.  Thoughts  on  the  Religious  State  of  the 
Country,  and  Rca.sons  for  Preferring  Episcopacy, — written 
by  Mr.  C.  at  the  time  he  left  the  Presbyterian  ministry 
and  took  orders  in  the  Episcopal  Church.  10.  Abolition 
a  Sedition,  and  Abolition  and  Colonization  Contracted, 
1838.  11.  A  Voice  from  America  to  England,  1839.  12. 
The  Crisis  of  the  Country.  1840.  13.  Junius  Tracts,  1840- 
43-44.  14.  The  Rights  of  Labor,  1844.  15.  Public 
Economy  fur  the  United  States,  1S48,  Svo.  16.  Geniua 
and  Mission  of  the  Protestant  Episcopal  Church  in  the 
U.S.,  1853.  In  1S44  he  visited  Henry  Clay,  and  obtained 
from  him  the  necessary  materials  for  the  preparation  of 
his  Life  and  Speeches,  N.Y.,  1844,  2  vols.  Svo.  After  Mr. 
Clay's  death  he  edited  Private  Correspondence  of  Henry 
Clay,  1855,  Svo.  Last  Seven  Years  of  the  Life  of  Henry 
Clay,  1856,  Svo.    Speeches  of  Henry  Clay,  1857,  2  vols.  Svo. 

Colton,  George  Hooker,  1S18-1S47.  Tecumseh, 
or  The  West  Thirty  Years  Since;  a  Poem.  New  York,  1842, 
12mo.  An  L'dit.  uf  Cormeuiu's  Orators  of  France,  with  an 
Essay  by  J.  T.  Headley,  from  the  16th  Paris  ed.,  1847,  12m(h 
In  1S44  Mr.  Colton  established  the  American  Review. 

Colton,  J,  O.     Greek  Reader, 

Colton,  Thomas.  De  Chylosi  Vitiata,  Lugd.  Bat., 
1691,  4to. 

Colton,  Walter,  1797-1851,  a  native  of  Rutland, 
Vermont,  was  educated  at  Yale  College,  and  the  theological 
seminary  at  Andover.  In  1S20  he  was  appointed  chaplain 
in  the  U.  S.  Navy,  which  situation  enabled  him  to  gratify 
his  love  for  travel,  the  results  of  which  he  has  given  to  tho 
world  in  his  popular  volumes.  Mr.  C.  was  the  author  of 
some  poetical  pieces  also.  He  held  for  some  time  the  office 
of  Alcalde  of  Monterey.  Ship  and  Shore;  new  ed.,  edited 
by  Rev.  Henry  T.  Cheever.     1851,  12mo. 

'■A  most  spri^'htly  and  amusing  book  of  Travels,  which  made 
for  its  young  author  a  reputation  at  once.  .  .  .  The  present  t-ditinu 
has  been  remodelled  under  the  tasteful  and  experienced  eye"f  Mr. 
Cheever.  whose  ample  knowledge  of  the  localities  finely  tiualifies 
him  for  the  service." 

A  Visit  to  Constantinople  and  Athens ;  new  ed.,  entitled 
Land  and  Lee  in  the  Bosphorus  and  .^gean,  edited  by  Rev. 
H.  T.  Cheever.     1851.  12mo. 

"  Replete  with  information  descriptive  of  Oriental  life  and  man- 
ners, customs  and  scenery." — Parker s  Journal. 

Deck  and  Port :  Incidents  of  a  Cruise  to  California. 

"A  charming  book,  full  of  information  and  entertainment." 

Three  Years  in  California.     1850,  12mo. 

"Graphic,  instructive,  and  often  in  the  most  provoking  degree 
mirthful." — Kational  Intelligencer. 

415 


COL 


COM 


The  Sea  and  the  Sailor;  and  other  Literary  Remains  of 
Rev.  Walter  Culton,  with  a  Memoir  edited  by  Rev.  il.  T. 
Cheever.     1851,  12mo. 

Columbaiius,  St.,  supposed  to  have  been  born  about 
540,  died  015,  was  a  native  of  the  province  of  Leinster, 
Ireland,  according  to  respectable  authorities. — though  Mac- 
kenzie claims  him  as  a  North  Briton.  He  fnunded  the 
monastery  of  Lu.\euil,  near  Besan^ou,  in  France,  which  he 
governed  for  twenty  years.  In  G13  he  founded  the  Abbey 
of  Bobio,  near  Naples,  and  died  there,  Nov.  21,  615.  His 
poems  were  first  printed  collectively  by  Goldasti  in  his 
Pari^netici  Veteres,  4  Insul.,  ltU14.  They  are  in  vol.  viii. 
of  the  Bibl.  Magna  Patrnm,  Par.,  1644,  fob.  and  in  vol.  xii. 
of  the  Bibl.  Maxima  Patrum,  Lyons,  1677.  His  prose- 
writings,  consisting  of  theolog.  discourses,  peuitentials, 
letters,  &c.,  will  be  found  in  the  two  Bibliotbecie  noticed 
above,  and  in  the  Collectanea  of  Fleming,  Augs.,  1621,  8vo. 

Colvil,  Sanil.  The  Grand  Imposture  Discovered, 
Edin..  1673,  4to.  The  AVhigg's  .Supplication,  or  the  Scots 
Hudibras:  a  Mock  Poem,  Edin.,  1657;  several  edits.  See 
a  valuable  paper  on  imitations  of  Hudibras — this  among 
the  number — in  Lon.  Retrosp.  Review,  iii.  ;U7,  1S21. 

Colvile,  alina  Coldewell,  George.  Trans,  of  Boe- 
thius  De  Consolatione  Philosophiie,  Lun.,  1556.  4to. 

Colville,  John,  d.  1607.  The  Palinode,  Edin.,  1600, 
Svo.  Panenesis.  Paris,  1601,  Svo.  Oratio  funebris  exe- 
quis  Eiizabethit  Anglijv  RegiiB-destinata,  Paris,  1604,  Svo. 

Colville,  H'iUiam.  Refreshing  Streams,  1655,  4to. 
Discourses,  1067,  '73.  Philosophia  Moralis  Christiana, 
1670,  12mo. 

Colvocoresses,  Lt.  Geo.  M.,  b.  1816,  in  Greece; 
Attache  to  the  U.S.  Exploring  Expedition.  Four  Years 
in  the  Government  Expedition,  New  York,  1853.  12mo. 

Colwall,  Daniel.    Chcm.  Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1672. 

Colwell,  Stephen,  b.  25th  March,  ISOO,  in  Brooke 
CO.,  Va. ;  grad.  at  Jcflcrson  Coll.,  Pa.,  1819;  admitted  to 
the  Bar  in  Va.  in  1821:  practised  law  for  some  time  in 
Pittsburg,  but  has  been  for  many  years  past  an  iron- 
merchant  in  Philadelphia.  1.  A  Letter  to  Members  of 
Legislature  of  Penna.  on  the  Removal  of  Deposits  from 
the  Bank  of  the  U.S.  by  Order  of  the  President  of  the 
U.S.,  signed  Mr.  Penn,  1834,  Svo,  pp.  45.  2.  The  Relative 
Position  in  our  Industry  of  Foreign  Commerce,  Domestic 
Production,  and  Internal  Trade,  by  Jonathan  B.  Wise, 
Phila.,  1850,  Svo,  pp.  50.  3.  New  Themes  for  the  Pro- 
testant Clergy.  Ac,  with  Notes  on  the  Lit.  of  Charity,  Ac., 
1851, 12mo.  This  work  was  censured  in  A  Review  of  New 
Themes,  1862,  12mo,  and  New  Themes  Condemned,  1853, 
12mo:  and  supported  in  Hints  to  a  Layman,  1S53,  12mo, 
and  Charity  and  the  Clergy,  1853,  12mo.  4.  Politics  for 
American  Christians,  &c.,  1852,  Svo.  5.  Article  on  Money 
of  Account  in  Merchant's  Mag.  for  April,  1852,  pp.  25.  6. 
Preface  and  Notes  to  Race  for  Riches,  1853,  pp.  54.  7.  Po- 
sition of  Christianity  in  U.S.  in  its  Relations  with  our  Po- 
litical System  and  Religious  Instruction  in  Public  Schools, 
Svo,  pp.  175.  S.  The  South  :  a  Letter  from  a  Friend  in  the 
North  with  Reference  to  the  Eifects  of  Disunion  upon  Slavery, 
1856,  Svo,  pp.  46.  9.  Preliminary  Essays  and  Notes  to  the 
National  Economy  of  Frederick  List,  1S56,  Svo,  pp.  67.  10. 
Article  on  Money  of  Account  in  Banker's  Mag.,  in  numbers 
of  July  and  Aug.  1857,  pp.  25.  11.  The  AVays  and  Means  of 
Commercial  Payment;  The  Money-System  and  the  Credit- 
System,  with  the  Agency  of  Money  of  Account;  Analysis 
of  Former  and  Present  Systems  of  Banking;  An  Account 
of  the  Modes  of  Payment  at  the  Fairs  of  Lyons  and  other 
Cities;  of  the  Banks  of  Venice,  Genoa,  Amsterdam,  and 
H.amburg.  and  the  Bank  of  England,  1868,  Svo,  pp.  550. 
Sec  List,  FnEnrnicK:  MArCrT.j.ocH,  John  Rams.w. 

Colwil,  Alex.,  1620-1076,  pub.  some  controversial 
tracts.    He  has  been  confounded  with  Samuel  Colvil,  (ante,) 

Colyer,  Thomas.     Certain  Queries,  1645.  12mo. 

Coly net, Anthony.  CivilWarresof France. Lon. ,1591. 

Combe,  .\ndre\v,  M.D.,  1797-1S47,  b.  in  Edinburgh; 
studied  medicine  at  Edinburgh  and  Paris,  and.  after  taking 
the  degree  of  M.D.,  commenced  practice  in  Edinl.mrgh  in 
1823.  App.  consulting  physician  to  the  King  of  the  Bel- 
gians, 1S36.  As  early  as  1S18,  like  his  brother,  he  became 
a  convert  to  Phrenology.  Observations  on  Jlental  De- 
rangements, Edin.,  1831,  12mo;  Lon.,  1S41,  p.  Svo. 

"  The  work  is  not  surpassed  by  .any  one  of  its  kind  m  medical 
science." — Mcd.-Chirurff.  liev.,  Oct.  1831. 

The  Principles  of  Phvsiology  applied  to  the  Preserva- 
tion of  Health,  &e. ;  14th  ed.,  1852,  p.  Svo.  From  1S34  to 
'41,  14.000  copies  of  this  work  were  sold  in  Great  Britain, 
and  3000  in  the  United  States. 

"  It  contains  more  sound  philosophy,  more  tme  practical  wisdom 
relative  to  the  all-impurtaut  subject  of  preserving  the  health,  than 
4il6 


any  other  volume  in  our  language." — BHL  and  Fhr.  Sffd.  Beview, 
Oct.  1S41. 

The  Physiology  of  Digestion;  9th  edit.,  1S49,  p.  Svo. 
Trans,  into  German  and  Danish. 

"It  leaves  nothing  to  be  desired." — Brit,  and  Fur.  Med.  HevieWj 
Jan.  1S42. 

Physiological  and  Moral  Management  of  Infancy  j  6th 
edit.,  1847,  p.  Svo. 

"  It  is  :i  worlt  which  will  clearly  reveal  to  any  person  of  common 
understanding;  the  main  causes  of  health  and  sickness  in  childi*en." 
^WkstmiiLflir  Kn'J'ew. 

Experiments  and  Observations  on  the  Gastric  Juice,  and 
Physiology  of  Digestion,  by  William  Beaumont,  M.D.,  Sur- 
geon to  the  U.  S.  Navy;  reprinted  with  Notes  by  Andrew 
Combo,  M.D.,  Lon.,  1S38,  p.  Svo. 

'■  The  profession  owes  Dr.  Beaumont  a  debt  of  gratitude  for  his 
disinterested  labours,  which  we  are  convinced  they  never  can  re- 
pay :  and  Dr.  C.  is  entitled  to  their  thanks  for  putting  the  work 
within  Ibeir  reach  at  so  moderate  a  price." — Dublin  Medical  Press, 
April.  1S40. 

Dr.  Beaumont's  experiments  were  made  upon  Alexis  St. 
Martin,  whose  extraordinary  case  is  well  known  to  the 
profession.  See  Beaiimo-nt,  Wm..  M.D.  See  Life  and 
Correspondence  of  Andrew  Combe,  M.D.,  by  George  Combe, 
Edin.,  1850,  Svo. 

Combe,  Charles,  M.D.,  1743-1817,  devoted  much 
attention  to  the  classics  and  to  numismatics.  He  pub.  an 
Index  Nummorum,  &Q.  in  1773,  4to,  and  the  Nummorum, 
ic.  in  Musa'O  Gul.  Hunter,  in  1782,  4to.  In  conjunction 
with  Rev.  H.  Homer,  Horatii  Opera,  1793,  2  vols.  4to. 
This  was  criticized  by  Dr.  Parr  in  the  British  Critic. 
Combe  pub.  a  Stnlcment  relative  to  the  review  in  1793,  Svo. 
Cat.  of  Prints ;  rel.  to  the  Hist,  of  Engraving,  1S03,  Svo. 
Con.  to  Phil.  Trans,,  1801;  Med.  Trans.,  1813. 

Combe,  Edward.     Sermons,  1708,  '17,  '20. 

Combe,  Edward.     Sale  of  Dunkirk,  1728,  Svo. 

Combe,  George,  1788-1858,  b.  Edinburgh,  practised 
as  an  attorney  for  twenty-iive  years.  Becoming  a  disciple  of 
Gall  an.l  Spurzheim,  he  zealously  advocated  the  science  of 
Phrenology,  both  as  a  lecturer  and  writer  of  books.  His 
works  have  had  a  most  extensive  sale.  He  was  one  of  the 
founders  of  the  Phrenological  Journal,  afterwards  con- 
ducted by  his  relative.  Mr.  Cox.  E.'says  on  Phren.,  1819; 
5th  ed.  .as  A  System  of  Phrenology,  1843,  2  vols.  Svo,  1853. 

'■  A  woik  of  hijrh  excellence."— G/</.«;ou>  Fm  Press,  Feb.  1S3I. 

Severely  criticized  in  the  Edinburgh  Review.  The  Con- 
stitution of  Man  considered  in  relation  to  External  Objects, 
1S28  ;  8th  ed.,  1848,  p.  Svo.  Of  this  work  between  90.000 
and  100,000  copies  have  been  sold  in  Great  Britain,  and 
the  sale  has  been  large  in  the  United  States.  It  has  been 
trans,  into  German,  French,  and  Swedish.  Lectures  on 
Mor.al  Philosophy.  3d  ed.,  1S46,  p.  Svo;  On  Phrenology, 
1S47.  p.  Svo  ;  On  Popular  Education.  3d  ed.,  1848,  p.  Svo  ; 
Elements  of  Phrenology,  7th  ed.,  1849, 12mo ;  Notes  on  the 
United  States  of  America,  1S3S-40,  3  vols.  p.  Svo.  1841. 
Remarks  on  the  Principles  of  Criminal  Legislation,  &c., 
Lon..  1854,  Svo.  Phrenology  applied  to  Painting  and 
Sculpture,  Lou.  and  Edin.,  1855,  Svo.  Science  and  Re- 
ligion, 1857,  Svo. 

Combe,  Taylor,  1774-1826.  keeper  of  the  Antiqui- 
ties and  coins  at  the  British  Museum,  was  a  son  of  Dr. 
Charles  Combe,  and  educated  at  Oriel  Ccdlege,  Oxford. 
Ancient  Terracottas  in  Brit.  Museum,  1810,  4to;  Ancient 
Marbles  in  ditto,  part  1st,  1812,  4to;  Veterum  populorum 
et  regum  Nummi,  ic,  in  ditto,  1S14,  4to.  Con  to  ArchaeoL 
ISOO;  '03. 

Comber,  Thomas,  D.D.,  1644-1699,  a  native  of 
Westcrbam,  Kent;  admitted  of  Sidney-Sussex  College, 
Cambridge,  1659;  Prebendary  of  Y'ork  Cathedral,  1677; 
presented  to  the  living  of  Thornton,  1678;  Precentor  of 
Y'ork,  1683;  Dean  of  Durham,  1691.  Among  his  works 
are  the  following:  Roman  Forgeries  in  Councils  during 
the  First  Four  Centuries,  and  forgeries  in  Baronius,  Lon., 
1673,  Svo.  Dr.  James  in  his  Treatise  of  the  Corruptions 
of  Scripture.  Ac.  1611,  4to,  also  discloses  fraudulent  altera- 
tions in  the  Councils.  A  Companion  to  the  Temple  and 
Closet,  or  a  Help  to  Devotion  in  the  use  of  the  Common 
Prayer,  part  1st,  1672;  2d,  1674;  3d,  1675,  Svo;  1679,  3 
vols.  Svo:  reprinted  in  two  folios;  4th  edit,  of  1st  fob,  1701; 
2d  fob,  pub.  1702.  New  edit,  without  addits.,  Oxf ,  Cla- 
rendon Press.  1841.  7  vols.  Svo.  To  this  learned  and  com- 
prehensive writer,  Wheatley  and  other  writers  stand  largely 
indebted. 

'■Let  him  read  Comber's  Companion  to  the  Temple,  whicll  I 
heartily  wish  might  be  put  into  the  hands  of  every  clergyman."— 
Dr.  H.  Owen's  Address. 

'•  It  is  an  able  and  devotional  work  of  considerable  value." — 

BlCKERSTETH. 

The  Plausible  Arguments  of  a  Romish  Priest,  Ac.  an- 
swered, 16S6,  Svo;  3d  edit.,  with  a  Serm.  of  Comber's, 


COM 


CON 


Tork.  ISOf),  ]2nio.  Comber's  arguments  against  the  R. 
Catholics  arc  on  the  list  of  books  of  the  P.  C.  K.  Society. 
Scholastical  Hist,  of  Liturgies;  2  part.';,  1G90:  in  answer  to 
Clarkson's  Discourse  against  Liturgies,  10^9.  Friendly 
Advice  to  the  R.  Catholics  of  England;  a  new  ed.,  with 
Preface  and  Notes,  by  W.  F.  Hook,  D.D.,  Vicar  of  Leeds, 
8vo.  Memoirs  of  his  Life  and  Writings,  by  his  great- 
grandson,  Thomas  Comber,  1799,  Svo. 

Comber,  Thomas,  LL.D.,  d.  177S,  grandson  to  the 
preceding,  educated  at  Jesus  College.  Cambridge:  Rector 
of  Kirkby,  Misperton,  Yorkshire:  sub.«equently  of  Mor- 
borne  and  Buckworth,  Huntingdonshire.  Vindication  of 
the  Revolution  in  England,  16S8,  Lon.,  175S,  Svo.  Hea- 
then Rejection  of  Christianity  in  the  First  Ages  consi- 
dered. 1747,  Svo.  Real  improvements  in  Agriculture,  on 
the  principles  of  A.  Young,  Esq.,  Ac;  and  a  Letter  on  the 
Rickets  in  Sheep,  1771,  Svo. 

Other  publications,  1747-78. 

"  He  was  a  man  of  considerable  parts  and  learning.'* 

Comber,  Thomas,  Rector  of  Oswald  Kirk,  Tork- 
ehire,  and  great-grandson  of  the  Dean  of  Durham.  Me- 
moir of  the  Life  and  Writings  of  Dean  Comber,  Lon.,  1779, 
Svo.  Serms.,  1807,  Svo.  Uist.  of  the  Massacre  of  St. 
Bartholomew,  1810,  Svo.  Adultery  Analyzed,  1810,  Svo. 
A  Scourge  for  Adulterers,  Duellists,  Gamesters,  and  Self- 
Murderers,  anon.,  ISIO. 

Comber,  W.  T.  An  Inquiry  into  the  state  of  National 
Subsistence,  as  connected  with  the  Progress  of  Wealth  and 
Population,  &c.,  Lon.,  1808,  Svo.  See  MeCuUoch's  Lit.  of 
Polit.  Economy. 

Comberbach,  Roger.  Reports  of  Cases  in  Court  of 
K.  B.,  from  1st  of  Jas.  IL  to  lOtb  of  Wm.  III.,  Lon.,  1724, 
fol.  Arranged  and  pub.  after  the  author's  death  by  his 
Bon,  who  remarks ; 

"  Had  the  author  prepared  them  for  the  press  himself,  they  had 
appe.ired  iu  another  dress." 

■■The  Cases  cenerally  are  brietiy  and  carelessly  reported,  and 
unilbrmly  have  been  treated  with  disregard." — Jlarvin's  Leg.Bibl. 

Combes,  A.     New  Metals.     Nic.  Jour.,  1808. 
Conibrunc,  Michael.     Works  on  Brewing,  1759, 

'62,  '68. 

Comeford,  R.  E.  The  Rhapsodist,  &e.,  in  an  Epistle 
to  Aristus,  1SI8,  Svo. 

Comegys,  Cornelius  G.,  M.D.,  native  of  Delaware; 
Prof,  of  Institutes  of  Medicine  in  Miami  Coll.,  Ohio. 
History  of  Medicine  from  its  Origin  to  the  19lh  Century, 
with  an  Appendi-^  containing  a  Pbilosojibical  Review  of 
Medicine  to  the  Present  Time.  Translated  from  the  French. 
Cincinnati.  Svo,  1S56.     Highly  commended. 

Comerford,  T.  Hist,  of  Ireland  for  3000  Years, 
Dnbl..  17.54.  12mo. 

Comfort,  J.  W.,  M.D..  of  Philadelphia.  Practice  of 
Medicine  im  Thomsonian  Principles,  adapted  as  well  to 
the  use  of  Families  as  to  the  Practitioner.  Phila..  185.'i,  Svo. 

Comings,  B.  N.,  M.D.  Class-Book  of  Physiology, 
N.  York.  ISj;',,  12mo.  This  vol.  is  taken  from  the  Princi- 
ples of  Physiology  by  .1.  L.  Comstock  and  Comings. 

Comings,  Fowler.     Serms.,  1790,  2  vols.  Svo. 

Conily,  John,  a  native  of  Pennsylvania  and  member 
of  the  Society  of  Friends,  is  best  known  as  the  author  of 
Comly's  Speller,  of  which  there  have  been  several  milliona 
printed.    He  also  published  a  Grammar,  Reader,  andPrimer. 

Commius,  John.     Eug.  Scholar's  1st  Book,  1801. 

Compeon,  John.    Sermon,  1S04. 

Compton,  Henry,  16.'!2-1713,  youngest  son  of  Spen- 
cer, second  Earl  of  Northampton,  was  entered  of  Queen's 
College,  O.xford,  1019;  Canon  of  Christ  Church,  1669; 
Bishop  of  O.xford,  1674;  trans,  to  London,  1975.  Episco- 
palia,  or  Letters  to  his  Clergy,  Lon.,  1686,  12mo.  Trans, 
from  the  French  and  Italian,  1667,  '69.  Letters  to  his 
Clergy,  1679,  'SO,  'S3,  '84,  '85.  Letters  to  a  Clergyman, 
1688,  4to.  A  Charge,  1696,  4to.  Ninth  Conference  with 
his  Clergy,  1701,  4to.  Letter  concerning  Allegiance,  1710, 
Svo.     His  Life,  Svo. 

Comstock,  Andrew,  M.D.,  b.  179.7,  N.  Y..  Prof,  of 
Elocution.  Author  of  a  Xew  System  of  Phrjnetics;  also 
Lecturer  on  Oratory.  Elocution,  16th  ed.,  1854.  Phonetic 
Speaker;  Reader;  Historia  Sacra;  Homer's  Hiad;  Pho- 
netic Testament,  &c. 

Comstock,  Franklin  G.  Digest  of  the  Law  of 
Executors  ami  Administrators,  Guardian  and  Ward,  and 
Dower,  Hartford,  1832,  Svo. 

Comstock,  G.  F.  Reports  of  Cases  argued  and  de- 
termined in  the  Court  of  Appeals  of  the  State  of  N.  York, 
Sept.  lS47-April,  1851,  Albany,  1849-60,  4  vols.  Svo. 

Comstock,  John  Lee,  M.D.,  b.  in  Conn.,  d.  185S, 
received  only  a  common-school  education,  studied  medi- 
27 


cine,  and  a  few  months  after  receiving  hts  diploma,  was 
appointed  assist.ant  surgeon  in  the  25th  Reg.  of  Infantry 
iu  the  U.  S.  .\ruiy,  during  the  war  of  1812.  He  served  at 
Fort  Trumbull,  Conn.,  part  of  the  time  during  the  war,  and 
a  part  on  the  northern  frontier,  where  he  had  the  sole 
charge  of  three  bospititls,  containing  from  20  to  30  patients 
each.  At  tlic  close  of  the  war  he  practised  medicine  in 
Hartford,  Conn.,  and  .about  the  year  1830  became  an  au- 
thor by  profession.  An  Introduction  to  Mineralogy,  Svo, 
1832. 

'■  This  work  was  introduced  into  the  Military  Acad.  W.  Point." 

Natural  History  of  Quadrupeds,  12mo,  1829.  Natural 
History  of  Birds.  System  of  N:itural  Philosophy,  12mo, 
1831. 

■■This  work  has  been  translated  info  German.  Greek,  and  several 
other  I'oreiu'n  l.iniiuaires.  It  has  been  edited  in  London,  Edinburgh, 
and  Canada :  and  is  now  in  common  use.  More  than  000,000  copies 
have  already  been  sold." 

Introduction  to  Botany.     Elements  of  Chemistry,  12mo. 

'■  Of  Itie  Elements  '2,00,000  copies  have  been  sold."' 

Elements  of  (ieology,  including  Fossil  Botany  and 
Palseontology.  Y'outh's  Book  of  Natural  Philos.,  ISmo. 
Young  Botanist.  Y'oung  Chemist.  Common-School  Philos. 
Youth's  Book  of  Astronomy.  Outlines  of  Physiology. 
Treatise  on  M;ithematical  and  Physical  Geography.  Read- 
ings in  Zoology.  Hist,  of  the  Greek  Revolution.  Cabinet 
of  Curiosities.     Hist,  of  Precious  Metals,  &c. 

Comyn,  R.  B.  Landlord  and  Tenant :  2d  ed.,  by  G. 
Chilton.  Jr.,  Lon.,  1S3U,  Svo.  The  Law  of  Usury,  1817,  Svo. 

Comyn,  Samuel.  Law  of  Contracts  and  Promises; 
2d  ed.,  Lon.,  1824,  Svo;  4th  Amer.  ed.,  N.  Y.,  1835,  Svo. 
This  was  formerly  the  best  English  treatise  upon  contracts. 
It  is  now  superseded. 

'■As  a  purely  common-law  work  it  is  entitled  to  much  praise." 
See  Hoffman's  Le:J:al  Study. 

Comyns,  Sir  John,  Lord  Chief  Baron  of  the  Ex- 
chequer. Reports  of  Cases  K.  B.,  C.  P.,  and  Excheq. ;  2d 
ed.,  by  S.  Rose,  Lon.,  1792,  2  vols.  Svo. 

'■  I  am  not  aware  that  the  volume  has  elicited  any  marked  judi- 
cial commendation," — .l/ircm's  L't/al  Bibl. 

A  Digest  of  the  Laws  of  England,  1762-67,  5  vols,  fol, ; 
5th  ed.,  with  continuation  by  A.  Hammond,  Lon.,  1822, 
8  vols.  Svo.  1st  Amer.,  from  the  5th  Lon.  ed..  with  Amer. 
decisions,  by  Thomas  Day,  N.  York  and  Phila.,  lS24r-26, 
8  vols.  Svo. 

"  The  first  is  fer  superior  to  all  the  late  editions.  The  modern 
editions  have  the  addition  of  the  modern  cases,  it  is  true,  but  they 
consist  of  the  mart;in:il  notes  of  the  reporters,  thrust  iuto  the  text 
without  order  or  propriety,  aud  destroy  symmetry  and  connection." 
— JrnoE  Storv. 

'■  Comyns's  opinion  alone  is  of  ixreat  authority." — Lord  Ke.nvov. 

'■We  cannot  have  a  better  authority  than  that  learned  writer.'' 
— CniEF  Ji'sTicE  Best, 

Cona-us,  Georgius,  amfU'cg  Cone,  a  native  of  Scot- 
land. Pra^mctia;,  sen  Calurania;  Hirlandorum  indicatao, 
et  Epos  de  Deipara  Virgine,  Bonon,  1621.  Svo.  ^■ita  Ma- 
riK  Stuartie  Reginae  Scotorum,  Romse,  1624,  Svo;  Wirceb., 
1624,  12mo.  See  Jebb  Scrip.,  xvi.  De  duplici  statu  Re- 
ligionis  apud  Scotus,  Rom.,  162S,  birge  4to.  Assertionum 
Catholicanim,  libri  tres,  Rom.,  1621,  '29,  4to. 

Conant,  John.     Sermon.  1643,  sm.  4to. 

Conant,  John,  D.D..  1608-1693,  educated  at  Exeter 
College,  Oxforil,  of  which  he  became  Fellow  and  tutor; 
Prof. "of  Divinity,  1654;  Vice-Chancellor  of  the  Universi- 
ty, 1657;  Prebendary  of  Worcester,  1681.  Serms.,  1693- 
1722,  6  vols.  Svo. 

"  These  discourses  are  such  as  Vr.  Con.ant  usually  composed ; 
plain  and  practical,  and  suited  to  the  meanest  capacity." — BlSBOV 

M'lI,T.t\MS, 

Conant,  T.  J.,  Prof,  of  Hebrew  in  Rochester  Uni- 
versity, New  York.  Trans,  of  the  Hebrew  Grammar  of 
Gesen'ius,  14th  edit.,  as  revised  by  Dr.  E.  Riidiger ;  with 
the  modifications  of  the  edits,  subsequent  to  the  11th,  by 
Dr.  Davies,  of  Stepney  College,  London  ;  with  a  Course  of 
Exercises,  and  Hebrew  Chrcstomathy  by  T.  J.  Conant. 

"  The  hest  Hebrew  Gramniar  extant  is  the  work  of  a  German— 
Gesenius."— Xnn.  Mrmlhly  Clironicle,  Pec,  1840. 

Professor  Conant  is  now  (1855)  engaged  upon  a  nei» 
version  of  the  Book  of  Job.  Mrs.  Conant  also  has  con- 
tributed to  the  literarv  treasures  of  the  country. 

Concanen,G.  Trials,  Rowe  i'.  Brenton.  Lon.,  lS30,8vo. 

Concanen,  Matthew,  d.  1749,  a  native  of  Ireland, 
of  considerable  abilities,  pub.  1724  a  vol.  of  Miscellaneous 
Poems  by  himself  and  others,  and  edited  The  Speculatist, 
a  Journal :  The  Flower  Piece,  a  Miscellany,  Ac.  He  is 
principally  remembered  by  the  celebrated  letter  of  War- 
burton  concerning  him,  and  by  his  position  in  the  Dun- 
ciad:  his  reward  for  .attacking  Pope.  In  1732  he  w.a* 
appointed  attorney-general  of  the  Isle  of  Jamaica.  See 
Nichols's  Literary  Anecdotes,  vols.  v.  and  viii. 

Concanen,  Matthew,  Jun.     Hist,  and  Antiq.  of 

417 


CON" 

St.  Saviour's  Thurch,  Southwark  ;  by  M.  C.  and  A.  Mor- 
gan.  Letter  to  Garrow,  1790,  Svo.  Distribution  of  Bank- 
rupts' Estates,  1801,  Svo. 

C'oncanon,  Thomas,  M.D.  Con.  to  Merl.  Com., 
179(1;   Hist,  of  an  Aneurism  of  the  Aorta  Descendens. 

Coiuler,  (;.  \y.  Lectures  to  Working  Men  on  Chris- 
tianily,  L'.n.,  1850,  12mo. 

Coiider,  James.  Tokens,  Coins,  and  Medals.1799.8vo. 
Conder,  John,  D.D.,  1714-1781,  a  Dissentinf^  minis- 
ter of  London.     Ministerial  Character.     Serms,  1755^  '5S, 
'59,  '62,  'fiS. 

Couder,  Josiah,  1789-1855.  b.  in  London;  son  of 
a  bookseller.  "At  an  early  age  displayed  a  taste  for  lite- 
rature, and  published  snmo  articles  in  The  Atlienjeum, 
edited  by  Dr.  Aikin.  In  1810,  in  connexion  with  a  few 
friends,  he  published  a  volume  of  poems,  with  the  title  of 
the  Associate  Minstrel.  In  1814,  being  a  publisher  and 
bookseller  in  St.  Paul's  Churchyard,  he  purchased  the 
Eclectic  Review,  of  which  he  continued  to  be  the  editor 
until  1837, — though  he  retired  from  the  bookselling  business 
in  1819.  Under  his  management  the  Eclectic  Review  re- 
ceived the  assistance  of  many  eminent  men  among  the 
Non-Conformists,  such  as  Robert  Hnll,  John  Foster,  Dr. 
Chalmers,  Dr.  Vaughan,  and  others."  Protestant  Non- 
conformity, 181S,  2  vols.  Svo.  Epist.  to  the  Hebrews;  a 
new  trans.,  18.34,  Svo.  Law  of  the  Sabbath,  18;i0,  Svo. 
Choir  and  the  Oratory,  12mn.  Hist,  of  Italy,  3  vols.  ISmo. 
Diet,  of  Anc.  and  Mod.  Geography,  12mo.  Poet  of  the 
Sanctuary,  12mo.  Star  in  the  East.  &c.,  12mo.  View  of 
All  Religions,  Svo.     Expos,  of  the  Apocalypse,  Svo. 

"The  author  diRplays  extensive  readinj;,  diligent  research,  ana 
a  thorough  acquaintance  with  the  subject." — Lrm.  Christian  Times. 

Analytical  and  Comparative  View  of  all  Religions, 
1838,  Svo. 

"  It  will  become,  as  it  deserves  to  become,  a  standard  book  in 
our  literature." — Church  of  En/j.  Quart.  lieview. 

Modern  Traveller:  Description  of  the  various  Countries 
of  the  Globe,  33  vols.  ISmo,  v.  y. 

"  No  work  can  be  found  in  our  languajre.  or  any  other,  equal  to 
supply  the  place  of  Thi.>  Modern  Traveller."— i"/)".  LH.  Gazr:lU. 

"  It  deserves  a  place  in  the  library  of  every  inquiring  person."— 
Blacktooo(rs  Mag. 

"  That  useful  work,  The  Modera  Traveller,  by  Mr.  Conder,  who 
has  broui^ht  together  so  much  interesting  matter." — Lambert,  tht 
Botanist. 

"An  excellent  publication,  ably  executed." — McCuUcch  Lit.P.E. 

Literary  Histoiy  of  the  New  Testament,  Svo.  1845. 

"  Contains  a  considerable  amount  of  useful  infurniation.  brought 
together  from  various  sources  with  discriminating  judgment." — 

BlCKERSTETH. 

"  I  feel  it  a  duty  and  pleasure  to  bear  my  glad  testimony  to  the 
learning,  in  particular  sacred  and  ectlesiastiual,  the  indefatigable 
diligence,  the  wide  research,  the  candour  and  impartiality,  and 
the  sound  judgment,  which  characterize  this  welcome  addition  to 
our  natiimal  literature." — Dr.  J.  Pte  Smith. 

Condie,  D.  Francis,  M.D.,  h.  in  Philadelphia,  May 
12,  UUG;  grad.  as  Doctor  of  Medicine  in  the  University  of 
Pennsylvania,  March,  1S18.  An  abridged  Edition,  with 
Notes,  of  Thomas's  Practice  of  Medicine,  Phila.,  1817.  A 
Course  of  E.vaminatious  for  the  Use  of  Medical  Students, 
Phila.;  2d  ed.,  1824.  The  Catechism  of  lleallh.  Phila., 
1831.  A  Treatise  on  Epidemic  Cholera:  in  coujunction  with 
Dr.  J<dm  Bell,  1832.  Practical  Treatise  on  the  Diseases 
of  Children;  3d  ed.,  Phila.,  ISoO,  Svu;  4th  ed.,  revised  and 
augmented,  1854,  Svo. 

"  We  pronounced  the  first  edition  to  be  the  best  work  on  the  dis- 
eases of  children  in  the  English  language;  and.  notwitlistandiug 
all  that  has  been  published,  we  still  regard  it  in  that  light."— J/o/t- 
cal  JC.rami7ie.r. 

"  Dr.  Gondio's  scholarship,  acumen,  indu^^try,  and  practical  sense 
are  manifested  in  this,  as  in  all  his  numenms  contributions  to 
science."— />/•.  Ifo/,iu:s's  liepnrt  to  the  Jmrr.  Mud.  Aswaalion. 

"A  veritable  p;eili:itric  encycIo}.a?dia.  and  au  honour  to  Ameri- 
can medical  literature." — 0/iin  M'lir.i!  .,,,,1  Sarqical  Journal. 

"We  feel  pernuaded  that  tie  Am.  n. m  medical  prolessioo  will 
Boon  regard  it  not  only  a-s  a  v.  i  \  -■•.<.{  hut  as  the  very  best,  Pr.ic- 
licat  Treatise  on  the  Diseases  ol  Children." —^?Hrr.  M>;d.  Journal. 

"  Perhaps  the  most  full  and  complete  work  now  before  the  pro- 
fession of  the  United  States,— indeed,  we  may  say,  in  the  English 
language.  It  is  vastly  superior  to  most  of  its"  predecessors."— 
Transylvania  Med.  Journal. 

Dr.  Condie  has  edited  Dr.  Fleetwood  CHuncHiLL's(7.  r.) 
works  on  the  Theory  and  Practice  of  Midwifery  and  the 
Diseases  of  Women,  and  made  contributions  to  American 
Cyclopedia  of  Practical  Medicine  and  Surgery,  Phila., 
1834:  contributions  to  Philadelphia  Journal  of  the  Medi- 
cal and  Physical  Sciences;  North  American  Medical  and 
Surgical  Journal;  Journal  of  Health.  Phila.;  American 
Journal  of  Medical  Sciences:  Transactions  of  the  College 
of  Physicians  of  Phila.;  North  American  Medico-Chirur- 
gieal  lleview. 

Couduitt,  John,  Master  of  the  Mint  Observations  on 

4L6 


CON 

English  Gold  and  Silver  Coins,  1774;  from  Mr.  C.'s  MS., 
written  in  I  730. 

Cone.  Scolding  no  Scholarship ;  rel.  to  Dempster,  1669. 

Cone,  or  Caune,  C-eorge.     See  Con^ci  s. 

Coney,  John.  Beauties  of  Continental  Architecture, 
Lon.,  4to.  Church  Architecture  of  Yorkshire,  edited  by 
Giles,  fol.  Ancient  Cathedrals  in  France,  Holhintl,  and 
Germany;  32  engravings,  atlas  fob,  1832  ;  pub.  at  £11)  10*. 

"These  are  the  largest  and  best  pl.ntes Coney  ever  executed, and 
the  only  ones  which  exhibit  his  distinctive  excellencies  in  this 
style  of  art." 

English  Ecclesiastical  Edifices  of  the  Olden  Time;  200 
engravings,  2  vols.  r.  fol. ;  pub.  at  £S  S«.  In  these  vols, 
are  included  the  whole  of  the  copperplates  which  illustrate 
the  S  vols,  of  the  new  edit,  of  Dugdale's  Monasticon,  pub. 
at  £141  15s. 

"  Our  readers  Tvill  here  find  a  rich  mine  of  artistic  wealth,  in  the 
most  beautiful  models  of  every  age.  during  which  the  pointed,  or 
ecclesiastical,  stvle  of  .Trehitecture  flourished  in  this  country." — 
Dul'Jin  Revieiv.  'Aug.  1839. 

Coney,  Thomas,  D.D.,  Prcb.  of  Wells.  Serm.,  1710, 
Svo;  25  ilo.,  1730,  Svo;  2  do.,  1731,  Svo;  2  vols.,  do.,  1750, 
Svo.     Sick  Bed,  1747,  12mo. 

Congletun,  Ut.  Hon.  Henry  Brooke  Parnell, 
Lord.     See  Pah.nell.  Sih  HiiNuv. 

Congreve,  Charles  W.,  Arehd.  of  Arm:igh.  Serm., 
174(1.  Svo. 

Congreve,  Thomas.  Navigable  Communication  be- 
tween Trent  and  Severn,  1717. 

Congreve,  William,  1(366-1729.  an  eminent  drama- 
tist, was  a  native  of  Bardsa,  near  Leeds.  His  father,  an 
officer  in  the  army,  stjitioned  in  Ireland,  placed  him  nt 
school  at  Kilkenny,  from  whence  he  was  removed  to  Tri- 
nity College,  Dublin.  Returning  to  England,  he  entered 
as  a  student  at  the  Middle  Temiile.  Very  early  in  life  he 
pub.  under  the  fictitious  name  of  Cleoiihil,  a  novel,  entitled 
Incognita,  or  Love  and  Duty  Reconciled.  In  his  21st 
3'^ear  his  play  of  The  Old  Bachelor — written  some  years 
before — was  acted  at  Di'ury  Lane,  and  proved  eminently 
successful.  Lord  Halifax  gave  a  substantial  proof  of  his 
approbation,  by  rewarding  the  triumphant  author  with  a 
conmiissioEcrship  for  the  licensing  of  coaehee — a  prelude  to 
future  favours.  Di-yden  commended  the  play  as  the  best 
first  effort  in  that  line  which  be  had  ever  witnessed.  Mrs. 
Barry  and  Mrs.  Bracegirdle,  Mr.  Betterton  and  Mr.  Powel, 
whose  personal  attractions  and  artistic  excellence  bad  been 
brought  forward  to  such  advantage  by  the  new  author, 
were  of  course  delighted,  the  audience  was  equally  charmed, 
and  in  short  the  town  was  taken  by  storm.  What  a  com- 
mentary is  this  upon  the  morality  of  the  generation  of  that 
day  !  That  a  piece  which  could  not  with  propriety  be  read 
aloud  in  the  family  circle  should  be  hailed  with  applause 
by  the  thousands  who  crowded  the  theatre  !  In  1694  Con- 
greve produced  The  Double  Dealer,  which  was  less  success- 
ful than  its  predecessor.  Dryden  disgraced  himself — no  new 
thing  for  him — by  most  profane  adulation  of  the  author: 
*'  Heaven,  that  but  once  was  prodigal  liefore. 
To  Shakspeare  gave  as  much,  he  could  not  give  him  more." 

Love  for  Lovo  appeared  in  1695,  and  The  Mourning 
Bride,  a  Tragedy,  two  years  later.  He  subsequently  pro- 
duced the  Comedy  of  The  Way  of  the  World,  a  Mastjue, 
entitled  The  Judgment  of  Paris,  and  Semele,  an  Ojiera. 
After  suffering  for  years  from  bodily  infirmity  and  blind- 
ness, this  thorough  man  of  the  world  was  summoned  to 
that  account  which  none  can  escape.  In  1710  he  i)ub.  a 
collection  of  his  works  in  three  vols.  Svo ;  dedicated  to 
Lord  Halifax.  Between  this  and  Baskerville's  impression, 
1761,  3  vols.  Svo,  there  were  many  edits.  The  last  edit, 
was  pub.  by.Mr.  Moxon  in  1S49.  r.  Svo,  edited  by  Leigh 
Hunt.  In  our  article  upon  Jeremy  Collier,  we  have  anti- 
cipated much  respecting  Congreve — bis  controversy  with 
Collier,  the  character  of  his  plays,  &c. — that  we  should 
otherwise  have  found  a  place  for  here.  We  have  already 
intimated  that  the  fact  of  the  popularity  of  such  produc- 
tions as  the  plays  of  Congreve,  Wycherley,  and  Farquhar, 
is  a  suflicient  index  of  the  moral  tone  of  the  age.  Perhaps 
no  English  author  has  been  lauded  more  by  his  contem- 
poraries than  William  Congreve.  We  have  already  given 
an  exhibition  of  the  fulsome  adulation  of  Dryden,  the 
most  distinguished  literary  man  of  his  time.  M'e  may 
instance  another: 

"Mr.  Congreve  has  done  me  the  fiivour  to  review  the  ^T!neis, 
and  compare  my  versi^m  with  the  origin.il.  I  shall  never  Imj 
ashamed  to  own  that  this  excellent  young  man  has  shewed  me 
many  Ciults  which  I  have  endeavoured  to  correct." 

Pope  honoured  him  by  the  dedication  of  the  Hiad,  and 
better  men  than  Pope  so  far  forgot  the  tribute  due  to  vir- 
tue, as  to  join  in  the  general  applause  which  rewarded  the 
champion  of  the  most  shocking  descriptions  of  vice.     AVe 


coif 

are  not  surprised,  then,  that  Voltaire  should  declare  that 
.  „u„reve  ■■  raised  the  glury  „f  Comely  to  a  greater  hciirht 
than  any  Enghsh  wriler  before  or  since  his  time." 

the  "glory"  of  such  men  is  "their  shame."  Mr.  Leigh 
Hunt  to  the  many  mischievous  tendencies  of  his  pen,  has 
added  in  his  old  age  another  offence  to  public  decency  and 
private  morality,  in  his  apology  for,  or  rather  vindication 
ot,  the  lieeut.ousness  of  Congreve's  "genteel  vulgarilv." 
Charity  would  fain  hope  that  the  unhappy  author?  before 
his  departure  from  a  world  which  his  talents  might  have 
done  so  much  to  improve-alns  1  that  they  should  have 
been  busily  employed  in  the  effort  to  corrupt  and  debase  ' 
—repented  of  his  offences  against  God  and  man.  For— to 
borrow  the  words  of  Lord  Karnes— 

"  If  they  did  not  rack  their  author  with  remorse  in  hi<i  list  mo- 
ments, be  must  have  l«en  lost  to  all  sense  of"°r™e  ° 

Con-reve  has  merit  of  the  highest  kind;  he  is  an  orieinal 

u:;'of  Ws  d  llor/*  ■"^''^^  .«>'■  ""^<"^  "f  tis  pmt  noTthe"^"': 
uer  of  his  diiiloRue.  ...  Of  his  miscellaneous  pwtry  I  cannot  sav 

Jiim  when  he  leaves  the  stage,  as  Antaus  w.as  no  lont-er  stron- 

than  when  he  could  touch  the  -round If  I  were  required  to 

mrt-r  Tl'^'n  ""<'"'  "T%"'r  ^">''''-''  ^"'"'^  thrmoS'poe.ta 

Th?Mou,m'n^>  Rri,  "'/'■''n'  ',™''J  P''"'^^  ^  "»  exclamation  in 
ine  .uouining  Bride,"  ic— Dr.  Joh.vson. 

iJJ"-'  f.^^yg'','!'  commendation  refers  to  the  conversa- 
tion in  the  Temple,  act  2,  scene  3. 

heartl,"snpsfjH''A'  ".'i'-.fl'iisiteof  their  kind,  and  the  excessive 
taken  wSt^n  '^"^^'"^i  "'r'""  °f  '^'^  'Characters  are  not  to  be 
not  D.  ur^rL^h  ^l™  '°u  "■"  "S'y  '""■'"•  'i'^-'"  '»  something 
nith°r  t"ee  w  '^  \"-  *''™<''<"-s  and  wit;  and  we  read  him 
.Vnd  Blen  lemen^nd  wh  r'"'^  ^'?°  """"'  W-' superior  fine  ladies 
lik  .  b'^""?'"'^'''  ""d  '\hat  a  pack  of  sensu.nl  busvhodics  thev  are 

and  ;";ren.-'?17.^,cfe°"m'.'?."  '""  ""^  '-"  ^^^  "'  '"-  - -- 
The  reader  is  referred  to  Mr.  Thackeray's  English  Hu- 

gr-e/l^d  Addi'r?'  '""  ''^"■"^  ''™'-'^  «-«'  Con- 

whL„  1  to  be  that  we  should  eat  and  drink  and  be  menv 

toe  con'",e"we''conTet"'t''"'r  ^"  """^  "-  "  d^-efwhcrti-: 

di^'h.j:,^s™.sn';^t'zr-^:;r;./;;::^.fZdT!:;^ 

h  s'^ever  hld''rrT'?  r  ""'  ""'  V'""^'  benciact.rrs'tbat  sSIw 

ab^Lrt^;n?e''n',i:n"'iL;S.;?rhJ'™n?^d"nar"''  ''"''''  "-'  '  ^^ 

See  also  an  weellent  article  by  Mr.  T.  B.  Macaulay,  en- 

KeWew'Tanurr™T84f  "'  """  ^^^"'™''™'  '"  '^^  '^"i- 
Congreve,  Lt.-Col.  Sir  William,  I772-1S2S,  a 
ini  itary  ciiginccr,  the  inventor  of  the  "  Congreve  rocket," 
pub.  an  ilcmeutary  TrcatLso  on  the  Mounting  of  Naval 
Ordnance,  Lon.,  IS  12,  4to.  Details  of  the  Rocket  System, 
with  General  Instructions,  oblong  fob,  £2  S«.  Treatise  on 
the  Pointing  of  Naval  Ordnance,  Svo.  A  Short  Account 
ot  a  New  Principle  of  a  Rotative  Steam-Engine.  Svo  A 
Description  of  the  Construction  and  Properties  of  the 
Hydro-Pneumatic  Lock,  1815,  4to.  A  Treatise  on  the 
Genera^  Principles,  Powers,  and  Facility  of  Application 
01  the  Congreve  Rocket  System  as  compared  with  ArtUlery, 
with  plates,  4to.  ■" 

Colliers,  John.     Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1676,  '77,  '78  ■ 
of  a  Uygroscope,  a  Trumpet,  a  Pump. 

17Q8"?'"f'",o*''  *'■'•'•'•     Attorney's  New  Pocket  Book, 
ll98,  2  vols.  12ino. 

'OS^'"""'^''"™'  •'^'"^^-     1-  Medals.     2.  Sorms.,  1704, 
Coiiinssby,  George,  D.D.     Serras..  172.3,  '33  '42 
Coiinigsby,  Robert.     Q.  Fabularum,  ic,  1693,  Svo. 
rnnlLT!!^''  n?u*""'"'-'^''-'""'"*"™'T'-eatise,1647,ic. 

in^?he  If  '''  7';?""''^'  '^'"•1  "«■•  Collee.  cone;™- 
ing  the  Man.,r  of  Marden,  in  Hereford,  1722-27  See 
Lowndes^s  Bib.  Man.,  and  Duncumb's  Hereford.  ' 
fl,»  c"  ,  "''u^lf'''^''-  Admiralty  Jurisdiction,  &c.  of 
the  Courts  m  the  United  States,  2  vols.  Svo,  1848  Trea 
tise  on  the  Organization  and  Jurisdiction  of  the  Supreme 
''Z'  ""n^  ?■>''■•  ct  Courts  of  the  U.  S.,  2d  ed.,  1842,  Svo 

supplies  a  want  hitherto  extensively  felt  in  the  prolession  Md  1 

z:°:j-°^iz'ii„v^  ""^^"^ '  '^'^^  *''^'"'->  - ""-""' 

Prfnrs"ofw!!!e's':  n^ts.^o""^'^^  "'  ^"S"  ^™-  ^^^ V™' 
„lp."""'^"' '^■"•''U"'-    Election  Laws  in  Scotland,  Edin,, 

Sroiland;i84t  Svo.  ''"'''''  "'  '^^  ""^""""^^  "'  ^''^  "' 


CON 


T?  .^"","o^l''o^"  ■'"^"-   '^•■'"'  "f  f^'^otland  rel.  to  Parishes, 
Edin.,  ISIS,  Svo.     Supplement,  1S23,  Svo 

"  Connell  on  the  Law  of  Parishes,  pubjish.-d  a  few  years  after 

Burns.  ,s  confined  to  topi.vs  of  a  nature  purely  ec-icsi.SM      ll 

s  rather  a  continuation  and  fit  concomitant  of  his  valuable  Tie.a- 

-l"  Ed  rl^'-m""  ""  ""P"""'""  °'  "^"  '""'  K-Sarding  the  poor." 

Treatise  on  the  Law  of  Scotland  respect.  Tithes  and  the 

btipendsof  theP.arochialClergy,1815,8vo;  2ded.,lS30  Svo 

It  IS  unnecessary  to  enter  into  any  details  coucerning  a'book 

Which  no  lawyer  oi-  clergyman  will  go  without  " 

Couiiell,  Richard.     His  Case,  fol. 

Connelly  and   Higgins's  New  Dictionary  of  the 

Spanish  and  Engli.sh,  and  English  and  Spanish  Langua-es, 

4  vols.  4to,  Madrid,  1797,  '98.  =     o    > 

"The  best  and  m..st  complete  Spanish  and  English  Dictionary, 

comprising  al    the  Idioms.  Proverl.s.  Marine  Terms,  MetaphoriS 

Expressions,  ir.  in  Inilh  L.-ingna-cs."  F""'".*" 

Connor,  Bernard,  1066-1698,  M.D.,  a  native  of 
Kerry  was  physician  to  John  Sobieski,  King  of  Poland 
and  subsequently  a  pr.actitioner  in  London.  Dlssertationes 
Medico-Physicis,  &c.,  Oxf.,  1095,  Svo.  Compendious  Plan 
of  the  Body  of  Physic,  O.ion.,  1697,  Svo.  De  Secrctione 
Animah,  Lon.,  1697,  Svo.  He  pub.  several  other  profess 
works  and  one  which  created  much  attention— Evange- 
lium  Medici,  Ac,  Lon.,  1697,  Svo. 

l.'lh^'W^  a  singular  produotioa,  in  which  the  author  endeavours 
to  show  that  the  mua.-ulons  cures  performed  hy  on,-  Lord  and  his 
BiS  Bib'"''^        accounted  for  on  natural  piinciples."-ORME : 

Conny,  Robert,  M.D.  Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1098: 
a  Shower  ol  Fishes  in  Kent. 

Conoid,  Robert.     Serm.  and  Letters,  1675  '77 

Conolly,   Lt.  Arthnr.      Overland   Journey  to  the 
iNorth  ol  India  from  England,  Ac,  Lon.,  IS34,  2  vols  Svo 
—Lon^A']'^^  =<""Paiiou  to  the  labours  of  Elphinstoue  and  Fikser."" 
-A  better  guide  we  could  scareely  desire."— £„„.  Mhnimum.. 
We  strongly  recommend  this  hook,  as  containing  much  amuse- 
ment and  inl"rm.ation."—i>„.  iJ„artfWv /fre.  "'."amuse- 

Conolly,  John,  M.D.  Study  and  Practice  of  Medi- 
cine, Lon  ,  1831,  12mo.  An  Inquiry  concerning  the  Indi- 
cations of  Ins.anity,  Svo,  1830. 

"^.I"  "^  '""rv™"!'  ""?  '""^  satisfactory  works  on  the  philosophy, 
or  rather  on  the  physiology,  of  the  human  undcrstauding.  which 
have  been  hitherto  produced."— Jfed.  a„d  Surg.  Journal,  isSO 

Ihe  Construction  and  Government  of  Lunatic  Asylums 
and  Hospitals  for  the  Insane,  1847.  Svo.  The  Treatment 
of  the  Insane  without  Mechanical  Restraint.s,  1856,  demy 
Svo.  "^ 

Conolly,  Joseph.     Telegraph  Co.,  Lon.,  ISOS,  Svo. 
Conolly,  L.  A.     The  Friar's  Tale,  1S05,  2  vols. 
Conover,  J.  F.     Digestive  index  of  all  the  reported 
decisions  in  Law  and  Eipiity  of  the  Supreme  Courts  of  Ohio, 
Indiana,  and  Illinois,  Phila.,  1834,  Svo. 

Couoway,  Jane.     Petition  to  Ministers,  Ac,  1649. 

Conrad,  Judge  Robert  T.,  1S0S-1S5S,  a  native  of 

Philadelphia,  long  occupied  a  prominent  place  as  one  of 

the  most  eloquent  orators  and  successful  dramatic  writers 

of  the  United  States.     Judge  Conrad's  dramatic  pieces 

Conrad  of  Naples,  and  Aylmere,  or  The  Bondman  of  Kent 
— »Tince  the  possession  of  poetical  powers  of  no  ordinary 
cast.  The  latter,  together  with  a  number  of  minor  poems, 
was  published  in  1S52,  Phila.,  12nio.  Among  the  most 
striking  of  the  smaller  pieces  in  this  volume  may  be  noticed 
the  Sininets  on  the  Lord's  Prayer,  aud  Lines  on  a  Blind 
Boy  Soliciting  Charity  by  Playing  on  his  Flute.  Judge 
Conrad's  prose  compositions  possess  merits  not  inferior  to 
those  which  charm  the  readers  of  his  poetry. 

'•  As  a  citizen,  a  lawyer,  and  a  judge,  .Mr.  Conr.ad  obtained  a 
widely  extended  and  highly-merited  reputation.  He  was  a  bril- 
liant orator,  sparkling  in  diction,  classical  iu  allu,?ion,  poetical  in 
imagery,  clear  in  narrative,  rhetorical  iu  style,  genial  io  humanizing 
thought,  and  eloquent  in  all.  As  a  speaker,  whatever  subject  he 
touched  he  undoubtedly  adorned.  On  whatever  platform  he  stood, 
-^wliether  on  the  arena  of  commerce,  the  forum  of  justice,  the  ex- 
citing scene  of  politics,  or  the  broad  foundatiuu  of  that  humanity 
which  emanates  from  the  Creator.— Mr.  Conrad  was  invariably  a 
successful  and  mostly  a  convincing  speaker.  It  is  as  a  man  of 
letters,  however,  that  Mr.  Connid  will  probably  bust  be  known  in 
future  years.  He  did  not  write  much ;  but  he  wrote  well."— Da.  R. 
Shelton  Mackenzte. 

Conrad,  Timothy  Abbott,  born  1803,  in  N.  Jersey. 
A  distinguished  naturalist.  Fossil  shells  of  the  Tertiary 
formations  of  the  United  States,  1S32.  New  Fresh-water 
shells  of  the  U.  S.,  1»34.  Monogr.aphy  of  the  Urioiiidae 
of  the  U.  S.,  1836.  Miocene  shells  of  the  U.  S.,  1838. 
Papers  describing  new  fresh-water  shells  and  fossils  of  the 
U.  S.  in  Silliman's  Journal.  Pateontology  of  Palestine 
expedition  under  command  of  Lieut.  Lynch,  in  Jour.  Aca. 
Nat.  Sei.  Phil.  Paleontology  in  New  York  State  Ann. 
Rep.,  1838-40.  Geological  Report  in  1837,  as  one  of  the 
State  Geologists  of  N.  York.     Palieontology  of  the  Pacific 

413 


CON 


COO 


Kail  Koad  Survey  in  California,  lS5i.  Palaeontology  of 
the  Mexican  EuunJary  Survey,  conducted  by  JMujur  Kuiory, 
1S64. 

Conroy,  John.     Custodian  Reports,  Dubl.,  1795,  8vo. 

Couset,  Ileury.  The  Practice  of  Spiritual  or  Ec- 
clesiaytical  Courts,  Lon.,  16>i5,  1700,  'OS,  Svo. 

Consett,  Matthew.  Tmr  thnuigh  Sweden,  Swedish 
Lapland,  Finland,  and  Denmark,  Lon.,  17S9,  4to;  1815, 
12mo. 

"A  hasty  tour,  containing,  however,  many  amusing  observa- 
tions, anecdotes,  and  little  dcsciiptive  sketches." — Lowndes. 

Consett,  Thomas.  Church  of  Russia,  &c.,  Lon., 
172i»,  2  vols.  Svo. 

Const,  Francis.  Laws  relating  to  the  Poor,  6th  ed. 
by  J.  T.  Pratt,  Lon.,  1S27,  2  vols.  Svo. 

"  A  valuable  acquisition  to  ]iractitioners  in  this  branch  of  the 
law." — LowNOKs. 

Constable,  C.  S.    Catholic  Emancipation,  1808,  Svo. 

Constable,  F.  Pathoraachia,  or  The  Battle  of 
Afiet'lions;  a  Drama,  1630,  4to. 

Constable,  Henry,  a  poet,  was  educated  at  Oxford, 
but  took  his  bachelor's  degree  at  St.  John's  College,  Cam- 
bridge, in  1579.  Diana,  or  the  excellent  conceitful  sonnets 
of  H.  C.,  &c.,  Lon,,  1584,  Svo.  Reprinted  for  the  members 
of  the  Roxburgbe  Club,  by  E.  Liftledale,  Esq.,  1818,  Svo. 
Spiritual  Sonnettes :  see  Hcliconia,  vol.  ii.  Sonnets:  see 
Harleian  Miscellany,  vol.  ix. 

'■  Noble  lleury  Constable  was  a  great  master  of  the  English 
tongue;  nor  had  any  gentleman  of  our  nation  a  moi'e  pure,  quick, 
or  higher  delivery  of  conceit:  witness,  amon?  all  others,  that  sou- 
net  of  his  before  his  Majesty's  Lepanto." — Edmund  BoWai's  Hy- 
percritica. 

"  He  was  highly  praised  by  Bolton,  Ben  Jonson.  and  others,  and 
Mr.  Warton  mentions  him  as  a  '  noted  sonnet  writer;'  yet  the  I'ol- 
lowHig,  though  as  notable  sonnets  as  his  Diana  coulj  furnish,  can 
hardly  entitle  him  to  be  denominated  *  the  first  sonnetteer  of  his 
time.'" — Ellis''s  Specimens:  and  see  Malone's  Sbakspeare,  x.  74; 
Todd's  Milton,  and  Warton's  Eng.  Poetry. 

Constable,  John,  was  educated  at  Byham  Hall,  op- 
posite Mertou  College,  Oxford,  where  in  1515  he  took  the 
degree  of  M.A.,  and  obtained  great  reputation  as  a  poet 
and  rhetorician.  Querela  Veritatis.  Epigrammata:  both 
in  Latin,  1520. 

Constable,  John.  Reflections  on  Accuracy  of  Style, 
Lon.,  1734,  Svo.     A  mo.st  important  theme. 

Coustancio,  F.  S.,M.D.  An  Appeal,  Edin.,  1797,  Svo. 

Constantine,  William.  Interest  of  England,  1642, 
4to ;  on  Unity  of  the  Protestant  Religion. 

Convenant,  J.  ilistoire  des  Dcrnieres  R^volutiona 
dans  la  Princepaiit6  d'Orauge,  Lon.,  1704. 

Conway.  The  Depopulated  Valej  a  Poem,  Lon., 
1774,  4to. 

Conway,  Lord  Viscount.  Proceedings  of  the  Eng- 
lish Army  in  Ulster,  Lon.,  1642.  4to. 

Conway,  H.  D.     Tales  of  Ardennes,  Lon.,  Svo. 

'*  The  language  of  these  Tales  is  gniceful.  aud  many  of  the  de- 
gcriptions  are  poetical." — Lim.  Liferan/  Guzelte. 

Conway,  General  Henry  Seymour,  1720-1705, 
Secretary  of  State  from  1705  to  170S.  Speech  in  II.  of 
Commons,  Lon.,  1780,  Svo.  Who  can  ever  forget  Conway, 
that  remembers  the  speeches  of  Edmund  Burke?  False 
Appearances,  a  Comedy;  altered  from  the  French,  f^S'J, 
Svo.     Conway  Papers,  5  vols.  Svo. 

'■■  Think  what  I  have  in  part  recovered!  Only  the  state  papers, 
private  papers,  Ac.  &c.  of  the  Lords  Conway.  Secretaries  of  State. 
.  .  .  They  seem  to  have  laid  up  every  scrap  of  jiaper  they  ever  had, 
from  the  middle  of  Queen  Klizabeth's  reign  to  tbt-  middle  of  Charles 
the  Si'cnud's.  .  .  .  Will  here  not  be  food  for  the  press  r'—i/onece 
Walpnie  in  Gcnrqe  M-miagut. 

Sec  Walpole's  Letters  to  General  Conway. 

Conway,  Sir  John.  Godly  Meditations  and  Praiers 
gathered  out  of  the  Sacred  Letters  and  Vertuous  Writers, 
Lon..  Svo. 

Conway,  William.  An  Exortation  to  Charitie,  very 
neodefull  at  this  Tymc,  for  echo  Man  and  Woman  to  em- 
brace, Lon.,  s.  a.  16mo. 

Couybeare,  John,  D.D.,  1692-1755.  admitted  a  bat- 
tler of  Exeter  College,  1708;  Fellow.  1710;  Rector  of  St. 
Clement's,  Oxford.  1724;  Rector  of  Exeter  College,  17.S0  ; 
Dean  of  Christ  Church,  1732;  Bishop  of  Bristol,  1750. 
Serm.  on  Miracles,  1722,  Svo,  Highly  esteemed.  Sermon, 
1724,  Svo,  Subscription  to  Articles  of  Religion,  a  Serm., 
1726,  Svo.  Very  celebrated.  Defence  of  Revealed  Reli- 
gion, in  answer  to  Tindal's  Christianity  as  Old  as  the  Crea- 
tion, 1732,  Svo.  An  admirable  confutation.  Three  edits, 
in  a  year. 

"  One  of  the  best-reasoned  books  in  the  world."— Bis noP  War- 

BURTON. 

Other  serms.  After  the  bishop's  death  a  collection  of 
his  sermons  was  pub.  for  tlie  licnefit  of  his  family,  in  2 
Vols.  Svo,  1757,  on  a  subscription  list  of  4600  copies. 


"  His  sermons  abound  with  just  and  solid  reflections,  useful  ol> 
serralions  on  the  conduct  of  human  life,  and  clear  reasouin.'js  on 
a  variety  of  important  subjects." — Lon.  Mimlhhj  l^evitw. 

Some  of  Bishop  Conybeare's  sermons  will  be  found  in 
Bishnp  Randolph's  Enchiridinn  Theologicnm. 

Conybeare,  John  Josias,  1779-1824,  entered  of 
Christ  Church.  Oxford.  1797;  elected  to  the  Anglo-Saxon 
Professorship,  1807;  Profe.ssorof  Poetry,  1812.  TheBamp- 
ton  Lectures  for  1821;  on  the  interpretation  of  Scripture, 
Oxf.,  1824,  Svo. 
'This  work  contains  much  valuable  information." — Bickersteth. 

Illustrations  of  Anglo-Saxon  Poetry,  edited  by  W.  D.  Co- 
nybeare, 1826,  Svo.  This  worli  has  done  much  to  promote 
the  study  of  Anglo-Saxon  literature.  Large  portions  of 
the  Song  of  the  Traveller  and  Beowulf  will  be  found  in  tlio 
volume.  Mr.  Conybeare  was  a  contributor  to  the  British 
Bibliogriiphcr. 

Conybeare,  Very  Rev.  William  Daniel,  Dean 
of  Llandati",  17S7-1857,  was  born  at  his  father's  rectory, 
St.  Bntolph's,  Bishopsgate;  entered  Christ  Church  Coll., 
Oxford,  1S05;  took  the  degree  of  B.A.,  1808,  and  M.A.  in 
1811.  "Ho  was  one  of  the  earliest  promoters  of  the  Geo- 
logical Society;  and  the  important  services  he  has  rendered 
to  geological  science  may  be  seen  in  his  numerous  papers 
printed  in  the  Society's  Trans."  Theological  Lectures,  in 
3  parts.  Lon.,  lS34;"2d  ed.,  1836.  Svo. 

"  His  theological  lectures  are  beyond  all  praise." 

"Much  valuable  and  erudite  information,  conveyed  in  a  popular 
form-  on  the  character  of  the  Semitic  dialects  in  general,  wdl  by 
found  in  the  essay  appended." — Lowndes. 

Bampton  Lectures  for  1839:  On  the  Fathers  during  the 
Ante-Niceno  Period,  Oxford,  1S39,  Svo.  Outlines  of  the 
Geology  of  England  and  Wales,  by  W.  D.  C.  and  William 
Phillips,  1822:  Parti:  all  printed.  Geological  Memoir  of 
the  Laudslij)  in  Devon,  fob,  1840. 

Conybeare,  W.J,,  son  of  the  preceding,  d.  1857;  lato 
Fellow  of  Trinity  College,  Cambridge;  Principal  of  the 
Collegiate  Institution,  Liverpool.  Serms.  preached  in  the 
Chapel  Royal  at  Whitehall,  Lon.,  1844,  Svo.  The  Life 
and  Epistles  of  St.  Paul,  Lon.,  1850-52,  2  vols.  4to.  (Amer. 
ed..  N.Y.,  1854.  2  vols.  Svo.)  by  W.  J.  G.  and  Rev.  J.  S. 
Howson;  the  trans,  of  the  Epistles  and  Speeches  of  St. 
Paul  by  W.  J.  C.  the  narrative,  archaeological,  and  gco- 
grajihieal  portions  by  the  latter.  This  is  one  of  the  most 
important  contributions  to  theological  literature  since  tho 
Reformation. 

*-The  purpose  of  this  work  is  to  give  a  living  picture  of  St.  Paul 
himself,  and  of  the  circumstances  by  which  he  was  surrounded. 
The  biography  of  tho  apostle  must  be  compiled  from  two  sources: 
1st.  his  own  letters;  and  2dly,  the  narrative  in  the  Acts  of  the 
Apostles." 

"A  valuable  help  towards  understanding  the  New  Testament. 
Tlie  Greek  and  Latin  quotations  are  almost  entirely  conllned  to 
the  notes:  any  unlearned  reader  may  study  the  text  with  ease  auil 
j>rofii:'~N.  Brit.  Re.v.,  Feb.  1854. 

"  It  is  our  sober  conviction  that,  as  a  guide  to  the  true  knowledjrn 
of  Paul's  life  and  writings,  it  is  worth  any  halfdozen  commenta- 
ries we  have  met  with." — Rev.  Dr.  Sprague,  of  Albany. 

Essays,  Ecclesiastical  and  Social,  Svo.    Perversion,  Svo. 

Conyer.s,  James.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1635. 

Conyers,  Richard.  Med.  Essays  and  Serm.,  I729-G4. 

Conyers,  Tobias,     Serm.,  16.^9,  4to. 

Coode,  G.  Remarks  on  Legislative  Expression,  or 
the  Language  of  the  Written  Law,  Lon.,  1845,  Svo:  2d 
ed.,  1852. 

"  To  statesmen,  capable  of  clo.se  thought,  and  to  well-educated 
lawyei's,  this  extremely  able  tieafise  will  boof  mneh  value,  if  they 
choose  to  profit  by  it;  to  the  herd  of  ordinary  draftsmen  it  will  lio 
utterly  unintelligible.  Its  object  is  to  teach  these  persons  the  ru- 
diments of  the  art  of  expressing  laws." — 2  N.  S.  Law  Hhig.,  413. 

Cook.     The  Eng.  Sch<...UJIiistcr,  Lon.,  1650,  4to. 

Cook,  Anrelian.     Tilus  Brilunnicus,  16S5,  Svo. 

Cook,Ebenezer.  The  Sal  Weed  Factor;  or,  A  Voy- 
age to  Maryland;  a  Satire,  Lun.,  4 to. 

Cook,  Edward.  Duello  Foiled.  See  Hearne's  Col- 
lection, ii.  223. 

Cook,  Eliza,  b.  1817,  the  daughter  of  a  tradesman  in 
the  borough  of  Southwark,  near  London,  gained  consider- 
able reputation  when  in  her  20th  year,  as  a  poetical  con- 
tributor to  some  of  the  higher  class  of  London  periodicitla 
— The  New  Mnnthly  Magazine,  The  Metropolitan,  Tlio 
Literary  Gazette,  <fee.  In  1840  a  vol.  of  her  poems  was 
pub.  in  London,  and  was  repub.  in  New  York  in  184!, 
under  the  title  of  Melaia,  and  other  Poems.  Many  edit.-*. 
of  her  poems,  considerally  augmented,  have  been  since 
pub.  in  England  and  America.  The  Old  Arm  Chair,  Tho 
Old  Farm  Gate,  Home  in  the  Heart.  The  Last  <iood-Byc, 
and^I  Miss  Thee,  My  Mother!  are  known  to  and  lovedby 
thousands,  both  old  and  young.  In  September.  1S49,  ap- 
peared the  first  number  of  Eliza  Cook's  Journnl. 

"  I  am  anxious,"  she  remarks,  "  to  give  my  feeble  aid  to  the  gl- 


coo 

pantic  stru2!;le  for  intellectual  elevation  now  poing;  on,  and  fling 
my  fnfi-;^i^s  and  will  into  a  cause  whefe  my  lieart  will  zealously 
aiiiiiiiifc  iiiv  duty." 

Such  pliihuithropic  aspirations  were  not  doomed  to  dis- 
ai'i'ointincnt  : — Eliza  Cook's  Journal  now  (IST^i)  stands 
aiuuii^  the  tiryt  in  point  of  popularity  and  circulation  in 
the  list  of  periodicals,  which  have  done  so  much  for  the 
mental  culture  of  Great  Britain  and  America. 

'■The  characteristics  of  her  poetry  are,  great  frcudom,  ease,  and 
heartiness  of  sentiment  and  expression;  and  slie  makes  you  fi^el 
at  once  that  her  whole  heart  is  in  all  she  writes:  that  she  gives  full 
utttMance  to  the  depths  of  her  soul — a  soul  that  is  in  sympathy 
Willi  all  that  is  pure  aud  true." — Prof.  Cleveland;  Etig.  Lit.  of  the 
VJth  Crntui\v. 

Cook,  F.  C-  Poetry  for  Schools.  Comment,  on  Acts, 
186U,  12mo. 

"This  little  book  is  rbiefly  designed  for  publii- or  popular  Kchools; 
and  thi-  .^iel'Ttions  have  been  made  upnu  the  high  piinciple  of  ex- 
pa  intiiig  tlir  intellects  of  the  pupils,  aud  humauj^iug  and  elevating 
their  seiitimi-nts." — Spuctufor. 

Cook,  Francis.     Theolog.  treatises,  1641,  '45,  '50. 

Cook,  George.     Perm.,  1805,  4to. 

Cook,  George,  D.D.,  of  Laurence  Kirk.     Iliat.  of  the 

Eeiormation  in  Scotland,  Edin.,  1811,  3  vols.  8vo,  and  1819. 

''The  author  is  a  friend  to  civil  and  religious  liberty;  he  has 
done  justii-e  to  the  talents  and  charact+^r  of  the  Reformers,  and 
evinced  much  industry  and  impartiality  in  examiuing  the  author- 
ities from  which  he  has  taken  his  materials." — McCrie's  Life '>/ 
Knox. 

Hist,  of  the  Church  of  Scotland,  Lon.,  1815.  3  vols.  8vo. 
See  Edin.  Review,  xxvii.  163.  Reality  of  Christ's  Kesur- 
rectjou.  1808,  8vo. 

'•  A  Well-written  and  valuable  book." — Bntish  Critic. 

Substance  of  a  Speech  in  the  G.  Assembly,  1816,  Svo. 

Cook,  J,  Address  to  the  Public  on  the  Prevention  of 
Crime,  1793,  8vo. 

Cook,  Captain  James,  a  celebrated  circumnaviga- 
tor, b.  in  Yorkshire,  1728,  killed  in  a  quarrel  with  the  na- 
tives at  Owhyhee,  one  of  the  Sandwicli  Iwlands,  iu  1799. 
Of  Cook's  First  Voyage,  1768-71,  an  account  will  be  found 
in  Dr.  Hawkesworth's  collection,  including  voyages  of  By- 
ron, Wallis,  Carteret,  and  Cook,  pub.  Lon.,  1773,  3  vols.  4to. 
Captain  Cook's  account  of  his  Second  Voyage,  1772-75, 
was  pub,  in  2  vols.  4to,  Lon.,  1777.  His  Account  of  his 
Third  Voyage,  1776-79,  with  its  conclusion  by  Captain 
King,  1 779,  '80,  was  pub.  in  3  vols.  4to,  Lou.,  1784,  '85.  Ac- 
count of  the  Three  Voyages,  pub.  iu  7  vols.  8vo,  Lon.,  1821, 
and  in  2  vols.  8vo,  1842.  See  Dibdin's  Lil)rary  Companion ; 
Lowndes's  Bibl.  Man.;  and  read  Dr.  Kippis's  Life  of  Cook 
iu  Biog.  Brit. 

"The  spirit,  disinterestedness,  penetration,  physical  and  intel- 
lectual energies  of  Captain  James  Cook,  titted  Lim  in  an  especial 
manner  for  the  various  and  extraordinary  discoveries  which  he  so 
successfully  accomplished,  and  to  which,  alas!  he  fell  a  vi<-lim  and 
a  sacrifice.  Never  were  such  labours  closed  by  such  a  tragical  ca- 
tastrophe; and  if  the  eulogies  of  the  good  and  the  wise  of  all  coun- 
tries be  grateful  to  depart+^d  spirits,  surely  there  is  no  spirit  which 
can  be  soothed  with  purerattestations  of  worth,  and  higher  acknow- 
ledgments of  excellence,  than  that  of  this  unparalleled  and  most 
unfortunate  commander." — Dibdiii''s  Lib.  Camp. 

The  eight  4to  vols,  referred  to  above,  fthe  Admiralty 
edit.,)  comprehending  accounts  of  Cook's  inrce  voyages, 
are  richly  ornamented  with  plates  by  Bartolozzi,  Basire, 
Pouncey,  Lerpiniere,  and  other  eminent  engravers. 

"  This  noble  set  of  books  is  the  tittest  monument  raised  to  Eng- 
land's greatest  navigator.  All  the  literary  and  artistic  resources 
of  the  age  were  employed  in  it,  and  there  is  no  greater  ornament 
to  a  public  or  private  library." 

Cook,  John.  Redintegratio  Amoris.  Lon.,  1647,  4to. 
Passage  from  Sea  from  Wexford  to  Kinsale,  1650,  4to. 
Monarchy  no  Creature  of  God's  Making,  wherein  is  proved 
thai  the  Execution  of  the  Late  King  was  one  uf  the  Fattest 
Sacrilices  that  ever  Queen  Justice  had,  Waterf.,  1652,  Svo; 
new  ed.,  1794,  Svo.     Other  treatises. 

Cook,  or  Cooke,  John.  Green's  Tu  Quoque  :  or  the 
Cittie  Gallant;  a  Play  of  much  humour,  Lon.,  1614,  4to. 
He  also  wrote  ^>0  Epigrams. 

Cook,  John.     Serm.,  Lou..  1675,  4to. 

Cook,  John,  D.D.,  Prof,  of  Divinity  at  St.  Andrews. 
In.|niry  into  the  Books  of  the  New  Testament,  Edin.,  1821, 

"  He  treats  of  the  elements  of  theology,  of  the  interpretation, 
the  authenticity,  the  integrity  of  the  text,  the  purpose  nnd  style, 
and  the  divinity  of  the  revelation  of  the  New  Testament.  On  all 
these  subjects  the  work  deserves  to  be  consulted." — On  me  :  BibJ.  Bib. 

"  Amasterlv  treatise  on  Sacred  Criticism." — T.  If.  Home' n  hi f mi/. 

On  a  similar  plan  with  the  lectures  of  Bishop  Marsh. 
See  Lon.  Eclectic  Review,  N.  S.,  xviii.  310. 

Cook,  John,  D.D.,  of  Hadrlington.  Styles  of  Writs 
and  Forms  of  Procedure  in  the  Church  Court^*  of  Scotland, 
revised  and  ada])ted  to  the  Present  State  of  the  Law  of  the 
Church,  Edin.,  1850,  Svo. 

'•  A  work  which  ouL'lit  to  be  on  the  table  of  every  Presbyter, 
and  iu  the  Library  of  every  parish  minister." — £din.  Advertiser. 


coo 

Acts  of  the  General  Assembly  of  the  Church  of  Scotland, 
from  IS4;i  to  1S60,  inclusive,  imp.  Svo, 

"Tbi'sn  Acts  contain  a  great  mass  of  liti-ation,  generally  of  a 
sound  practical  character,  a  iinowlcdgo  of  wliicli  is  aljsoluUJIy  in- 
diypcnsjilile  to  every  member  of  our  Church  Courts."' — tdhi.  Adrcr. 

Cook,  John,  M.D.     Philosophy  Unveiled,  172.1,  .Svo. 

Cook,  John,  M.D.  Voyages  and  Travels  tlin.uKli  the 
Russian  Empire,  Tartary,  itc,  Edin.,  1770,  2  vols.  Svo. 

Cook,  M.     Waste  in  Dross,  Lon.,  1787,  Svo. 

took,  Moses.  Raising,  Ac.  Forest  and  Fruit  Trees, 
*tc.,  ltJ7()-7y,  &c. 

Cook,  S.  Answer  to  Lord  .ShufEcld  on  the  Navin-ation 
System,  ISOt. 

Cook,  Captain  S.  E.  Sketches  in  Spain  during  tba 
years  lS29-:i2,  Lon.,  18.14,  2  vols.  Svo. 

■'  Full  of  cuiious  iuformation,  aud  anecdotes  not  to  be  met  with 
elsewlicre."' 

Cook,  Thomas.  Industry  ami  Idleness;  forming  a 
part  of  a  new  edit,  of  the  Works  of  Hogarth,  1796. 

Cook,  W.  H.,  M.D.,  b.  18.12,  in  New  York  City;  Prof, 
of  Tlierapeutics,  itc,  in  the  Pliysio-Medieal  Coll.,  Ohio. 
Treatise  on  the  Dysentery,  1855.  Principles  and  Practice 
of  Physio-Medical  Surgery,  Cincinnati,  1857,  Svo. 

Cook, William.  Warmin,n;liy  Pipes ;  Phil.  Trans.,  1745. 

Cooke,  of  the  Inner  Temple.  Chronica  Juridicalia, 
Lon.,  Ui85,  Svo.  Argumeiitum  Anti-Normanicum,  1082, 
Svo.    See  this  answered  in  Brady's  Introd.  to  Old  Eng.  Hist. 

Cooke.    Remark.  Declarations  and  Speeches,  1H81,  fol. 

Cooke.  Trans,  of  Histoire  de  I'Editde  Nantes, 161l4,4to. 

Cooke,  Alexander.  Pope  .l(}nne  ;  proving  that  a 
woman  called  .Joan  was  Pope  of  Rtnne,  Lon.,  1010,  4to ; 
with  addits.,  1625.  See  Harleian  Miscellany,  vol.  iv.  In 
French,  Sedan,  1633,  8vo.  Worke,  more  Worke,  and  a  little 
more  Worke  for  a  Masse-Priest,  Lon.,  1628;  best  edit.. 
1630,  4to.  The  Weather  Cocke  of  Rome's  Religion,  1625, 
4to.  The  Abatement  of  Popish  Braggs,  pretending  Scrip- 
ture to  be  theirs,  1625,  4to. 

''  Cooke  was  a  person  most  .admirably  well  read  in  the  controver- 
sies between  the  protestants  and  the  papists,  vers'd  in  the  lathers 
and  schoolmen,  a  great  Calvitiist.  yet  witty  and  ingenious,  and  a 
satyrical  enemy  in  his  writings  against  the  llomanists." — Antuokt 
"Woot^. 

Cooke,  Anne.     See  Bacon,  Lady  Anne. 

Cooke,  Uenjamin.  Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1738,  '45, 
'47;  Nat.  Philos.,  llorticnUure,  &c. 

Cooke,  Uenjamin,  d.  1793,  a  composer  of  mnsio. 

Cooke,  Benjamin,  Con.  to  Nic.  Jour.,  1809,  '10, 
*11,  '12;  Nat.  Philos.  and  Domestic  Economy. 

Cooke,  Sir  Charles,  Commerce  of  G.  B.  and  Ireland. 

Cooke,  E.     Prospective  Glass  of  War,  1628. 

Cooke,  E.  W.  Shipping  and  Craft,  Lon.,  1829,  r.  4to ; 
65  etchings. 

'•Tlicse  illustrative  etchings  are  of  a  very  surprising  character. 
They  are  executed  in  a  bold  and  niasterl.v  style,  wliich,  coupled  with 
the  fidelity  of  the  design,  shows  uncommon  power."' — Lnn.  Times. 

Cooke,  Edward.  A  .just  and  seasonable  Reprehen- 
sion of  Naked  Breasts  and  Shoulders ;  with  a  preface  by 
Richard  Baxter,  L<m.,  1678,  Svo. 

Cooke,  Edward.     Magna  Charta,  Lon.,  1680, 12mo. 

Cooke,  Edward.  Certain  Passages  which  happened 
at  Newport,  Nov.  29,  1648,  relating  to  Charles  I.,  Lon., 
1690,  4to. 

"  In  this  pamphlet  are  several  things  worth  reading  that  were 
never  before  pulilished.'" — jHln'tt.  Oj-fin. 

Reprint,  with  Sir  Thos.  Herbert's  Memoirs  of  K.  Chas.  I. 

Cooke, Edward.  Love's  Triumph,  etc. ;  aTrag.,  Lon., 
1678,  4to. 

Cooke,  Edward.     A  Serm.,  Lon.,  1719,  Svo. 

Cooke,  Edward.  Union  between  Q.  B.  and  Ireland, 
1798. 

Cooke,  Captain  Edward.  Voyage  to  the  South 
Seas  and  round  the  World,  Lon.,  1712,  2  vols.  Svo. 

Cooke,  Elizabeth.  See  Ri'sskll,  Lapv  Elizabijth. 

Cooke,  Elisha,  d.  1737,  of  M.ass.     Political  tracts. 

Cooke,  V.    Universal  Letter-Writer,  Lon.,  ISl'.l,  12mo. 

Cooke,  G.  Wingrove.  Memoirs  of  Lord  Boling- 
broke,  Lon.,  1835,  2  vols.  Svo.  Life  of  the  Earl  of  Shaftes- 
bury, edited  by  G.  W.  C,  1836,  2  vols.  Svo. 

'■An  invaluable  piece  of  biography,  and  one  of  great  interest, 
relating  to  the  most  instructive  portion  of  our  history — the  wars 
between  Charles  I.  and  his  Parliament." — Lon.  AUiencetim. 

The  History  of  Party;  2d  edit,  1840.  3  vols.  Svo. 

''Mr.  Co^ike's  work  is  a  valuable  one.  He  has  laboured  zealouslj 
antl  well." — Lfin.  Globe. 

Treatise  on  the  Law  of  Defam.ation,  1S44,  12mo. 

*■  This  is  one  of  the  latest  and  best  books  on  the  Law  of  Defama- 
tion."— Marrin^s  Legal  Bibl. 

Inclosnre  of  Commons:  3d  edit.,  1856,  12mo.  Enfran- 
chisement of  Copyholds,  1852,  12mo;  2d  ed.,  1853.  Law 
and  Practice  of  Agricultural  Tenancie.s,  1851,  Svo. 

421 


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"There  is  much  wading  in  order  to  arrive  at  a  usefiil  truth.  The 
time  is  now  come  to  disentangle  nefrotiations  such  as  a  farming 
tenancy  from  all  feudal  entertainments,  and  place  them  on  sound 
economical  principles,  and  the  intelii^encies  of  common  sense,  rea- 
Bon.  ana  simple  notice." — Drmaldsrm^s  AaricuU.  Birg. 

China  in  1857-58,  Lun.,  1858.     Commended. 

Cooke,  George.  Etchings  of  Views  of  London  and 
its  Vicinity;  50  cngravinf^s,  1326-28,  r.  4to.  Thames 
Scenery;  75  engrarings,  Lon.,  1822,  r.  4to.  See  H.  Q. 
Bohn's  Guinea  Catalogue,  Lon.,  1841.  Also  refer  there  to 
Cooke,  E.  W.,  and  W.  I). 

Cooke,  Sir  George.  Reports  of  Cases  in  the  C.  P., 
Ac.,  and  Rules,  Orders,  Ac.  in  the  K.  B.,  Lon.,  1740-42,  fol. 

Cooke,  Henry.     Serm.,  Camb.,  1704,  4to. 

Cooke,  J.     ,Serm.,  1X12,  Svo. 

Cooke,  J.  A.  Now  Orders  of  the  H.  C.  of  Chancery  ; 
2d  ed..  Lon.,  1S42,  12mo. 

"  This  is  said  to  be  a  meat^re  and  indifferent  pnblic.ition."  See 
2  Jurist,  971. 

Cooke,  James.  Juridica  Deterrainatio  trium  Ques- 
tionum  de  Majestate,  0.\on.,  1608,  4to. 

Cooke,  James.  Melliflcium  Chivurgia; ;  or,  the  Mar- 
row of  Chirurgery,  Anatomy,  and  Physiek,  much  enlarged, 
Ac,  Lon.,  1616,  Svo;  Supplement,  1655,  12mo. 

Cooke,  James.     Drill  Husbandry  perfected,  1784. 

Cooke,  John,  of  Canterbury.    Serms.,!  729,  2  vols.Svo. 

"  Qua;  conciones  multum  laudautur,'' —  ]Vittchu  BibUot/teca  Theo- 
logica. 

Cooke,  John.     Compting  H.  Assistant,  1761,  12mo. 

Cooke,  John,  Rector  of  AVentnor.  S.alop.  .Sermon, 
177.%  Svo.  The  Preacher's  Assistant,  Oxford,  nS'i,  2  vols. 
Svo :  vol.  i.  containing  the  Texts  of  Serms.  and  Dis- 
courses pub.  since  the  Restoration;  vol.  ii.  The  Authors,  and 
a  succinct  view  of  their  worlis. 

"  I  refer  the  reader  to  this,  as  a  useful  cat.alogue  from  which  he 
may  select  such  writers  of  sermons  as  he  may  think  tit  for  his 
library;  for  where  all  are  equally  good,  it  would  he  presumptuous 
in  me  to  attempt  to  particularize  the  best," — Hisuoi'  ^V^TsoN. 

'■If  continued  to  the  present  time,  and  made  to  include  Com- 
mentaries and  Treatises  founded  on  chapters  and  texts,  and  printed 
in  a  smaller  type,  so  as  to  come  into  one  volume,  it  being  only 
wanted  for  reference,  it  would  bean  invaluable  work  for  ministers. 
For  older  Treatises,  Ac.  see  A  Catalogue  of  our  English  Writers  in 
the  Old  and  New  Testaments,  12mo,  Vmir—Bichratetli's  Chris- 
tian Siiidftit. 

Cooke,  John.  De  Intestinis  eorumque  afiectibus  in 
gencre,  Ultr.,  16  IS,  4(o. 

Cooke,  John.  Trans.  Iri.sh  Acad.,  17S0, 1818  ;  Steam 
Engine  ;  Inslrnnient  for  Navigation  ;  Wheel  Carriages. 

Cooke,  John.  Hist,  Account  of  Greenwich  Hii,»pital, 
by  ,T.  C.  and  Mr.  Maull,  17S9,  4to.  Sermon,  17S9,  Svo. 
Voyage  of  the  Earl  of  Sandwich,  1799,  4to. 

Cooke,  John.  Confess,  of  a  Deist,  1796,  Svo.  Let- 
ters, 1797.    Memoirs  and  Remains  of  G.  Redford,  1828,  Svo. 

Cooke,  John.  Circular  Atla.s,  1801.  See  Nic.  Jour. 
1801. 

Cooke,  John.     Serms.,  Birmingham.  IS.IS,  Svo. 
"  Written  in  an  unpretending  style,  and  while  thev  are  correct 
in  their  views,  are  pleasing  as  to  manner." — British  Mog. 

Cooke,  John,  M.D.  Profess,  treatises,  Lon.,  1730- 
89 :  medical,  medical  botany,  chemical,  and  antiquarian. 

Cooke,  John  Conrade.    Cookery  and  Confectionary. 
"  The  present  work  cannot  be  surpassed  by  Gunter,  Jarrin,  llde, 
or  Iteauvilliers." — tnn.  JAUrary  Maq-net. 

Cooke,  John  Esteu,  b.'l830,  at  Winchester,  Vir- 
ginia, brother  of  Philip  Pendleton  Cooke.  1.  Leather 
Stocking  and  Silk.  2.  The  Virginia  Comedians;  from  the 
MSS.  of  C.  Effingham,  Esq. 

"  The  period  of  the  storv  is  about  the  middle  of  the  last  century : 
the  place  Williamsburg.  Virginia,  and  its  vicinity;  the  characters 
Virginia  gentlemen  of  that  day  and  generation,  among  whom 
comes  Beatrice  HalLam.  the  leading  actress  of  a  company  of  come- 
dians of  that  ilk.  and  one  of  the  most  striking,  truthful,  and 
lovable  characters  in  modern  fiction.  The  interest  of  the  book 
never  flags.  The  characters  are  such  that  we  cannot  be  indifferent 
to  them,  and  the  author  absorbs  us  in  their  actions  and  their  fate." 

'A.  Y-'.-'h  of  JeBersuu.  4.  Henry  St.  John,  Gentle- 
man, NaiT  York,  1858.  Contributor  to  the  Southern  Lite- 
rary Messenger. 

Cooke,  Joseph.     Tbeolog.  Essays,  1S06,  'OS.  '11. 

Cooke,  Layton.  The  Gr.azier's" Manual;  being  Ta- 
bles showing  the  net  weight  of  Cattle,  Calves,  Sheep,  and 
Swine,  on  new  princiides,  Lon.,  1819,  12mo. 

"  A  neat  volume  of  most  useful  materials." — VonaJdsnn's  Agri- 
cult.  Sing. 

Cooke,  Nath.  Treatises  on  Polit.  Economy.  Lon., 
179S,  ISII,  Svo.     Immortality  of  the  Soul.  ISIH,  4to. 

Cooke,  Philip  Pendleton,  1S16-1S50,  a  native  of 
Berkeley  county,  Virginia.  1.  Froissart  Ballads,  and  other 
Poems.  2.  The  Cbev<alier  Merlin  :  in  course  of  publica- 
tion in  the  Southern  Lilerary  Messenger  at  the  time  of 
Mr.  Cooke's  death.  Mr.  Cooke  eontributeil  many  papers 
to  the  above-named  m.agaziue  and  other  periodicals. 
422 


"UiHloubtcdly  Philip  Pendleton  Cooke  was  one  of  the  truest 
poets  of  our  day,  and  what  he  has  left  was  full  of  promise  that  ho 
would  become  one  of  the  most  famous." — Dr,  R.  W.  Griswold. 

"In  its  rare  and  peculiar  excellence,  in  delicately-touched  senti- 
ment, Florence  Vane  has  the  merit  of  an  antique  song." — Duyo- 
kincks^  Cijc.  ff  Amcr.  Lit. 

"  The  CJievalur  Merlin  is  less  a  novel  than  a  prose  poem.  No 
one  but  Mr,  Co(.ke  could  have  written  it." — Edg.^r  A.  PoE. 

Cooke,  Richard.  A  White  Sheet;  a  Serm.  on  Heb. 
xiii.  4,  Lon.,  1629,  4to. 

Cooke,  or  Cocus,  Robert.  Censura  quonindum 
Seriptorum  quae  sub  Noniinibus  Siinctorum  et  Veterum 
Auctorum  Pontificiis  citari  soleut,  Lon.,  1614, 1623-29,  4to. 

Cooke,  Samnel,  of  Mass.     Serms.,  1748-71. 

Cooke,  Shadrach.     Serms.,  1686-1723. 

Cooke,  Thomas.     Episcopiicy  Asserted,  1641. 

Cooke,  Thomas.     Serms.,  1702,  '12,  Svo. 

Cooke,  Thomas.     Christian  Sacrifices,  1704,  4to. 

Cooke,  Thomas,     Funeral  Serm.,  1709,  4to. 

Cooke,  Thomas,  1702  ?-1756,  a  native  of  Braintree, 
Essex,  a  poet  and  man  of  learning.  In  1725  he  pub.  a 
poem  entitled  The  Battle  of  the  Poets,  in  wltich  Pope, 
Swift,  and  others  were  treated  with  more  freedom  thaa 
reverence.  But  Cooke  excited  Pope's  ire  to  a  much  higher 
pitch  by  publishing  in  The  Daily  Journal  in  1727  a  tr.ans. 
of  the  episoile  of  'Thersites  in  the  2d  book  of  tlie  Iliad,  to 
show  the  blunders  of  Pope.  For  this  exposure,  and  Cooke's 
share  in  Penelope,  a  Farce,  the  reader  already  anticipates 
the  penalty.  If  Pope  was  not  a  Hellenist,  he  was  an  ex- 
cellent satirist,  and  Mr.  Cooke  was  at  once  placed  in  the 
literary  pillory  yclep'd  The  Dunciad.  In  a  subsequent 
edit,  of  'The  Battle  of  the  Poets,  Cooke  notices  this  con- 
temptible conduct  of  Popo,  and  speaks  with  little  respect 
of  his 

'•  Philosophy  or  dignity  of  mind  who  could  be  provoked  by  what 
a  boy  writ  concerning  his  translation  of  Homer,  and  in  verses 
which  gave  no  long  promise  of  duration." 

The  Knights  of  the  Bath.  1725.  The  Triumph  of  Love 
and  Honour,  a  Play.  The  Eunuch,  a  Farce.  The  Mourn- 
ful Nuptials,  a  Trag.  Life  and  Writings  of  A.  Marvell, 
1726.  2  vols.  12nio.  Trans,  of  Hesiod,  1728;  of  Cicero  on 
the  Nature  of  the  tiods,  Poems,  1742.  Trans,  of  Plautua, 
vol.  i.,  1754;  all  pub. 

'■  Dr.  .tohn.son  told  us  of  Cooke  who  translated  Ilesiod.  and  lived 
twenty  years  on  a  translation  of  iqautus.  for  which  he  was  always 
taking  in  subsci'iptions;  and  that  he  presented  Foote  to  a  club  in 
the  following  singular  manner — 'This  is  the  nephew  of  a  gentle- 
man who  was  lately  hung  in  chains  for  murdering  his  brother,'"— 
Bosweirs  Tour  to  the  Hebrides. 

Cooke,  Thomas.     Serm.,  1752.     Essay,  1753. 

Cooke,  Thomas.  The  King  Cannot  Err,Com.,(1762,) 
12mo.     The  Hermit  Converted.  (1771.)  Svo. 

Cooke,  VV.  Trans,  of  G.  Zollikofer's  Sermons,  1807- 
14,  11  vols.  Svo. 

"These  Sermons  breathe  the  pure  and  gentle  spirit  of  Chris- 
tianity, and  exhibit  religion  to  our  view  in  the  most  animated  and 
alluring  ii."irni." 

Cooke,  W.  Notes  to  Morgagni's  Seats  and  Causes  of 
Diseases.  Philn..  2  vols.  Sv(X 

Cooke,  William.  Vindication  of  the  Professors 
and  Profession  of  the  Law,  1642,  4to.  What  a  book  for 
lawyers  ! 

Cooke,  William.     Infant  B.aptism,  1644,  '51,  4to. 

Cooke,  William.  Inquiry  into  the  Patri.arcbal  and 
Druidical  Religion.  Temples,  Ac,  Lon.,  1755,  4to.  The 
Medallio  History  of  Imperial  Rome,  1781,  2  vols.  4to. 
Other  works. 

Cooke,  William,  1757-1S32,  a  law  writer  of  London, 
of  considerable  eminence.  Bankrupt  Laws,  1786  ;  Sth  ed., 
with  addits.  by  Goo.  Roots,  1823,  2  vols.  r.  Svo.  This  was 
long  the  standard  upon  the  subject,  but  has  now  become 
obsolete  excelling  for  reference  to  the  old  statutes. 

Cooke,  William,  d.  1824,  a  native  of  Cork,  settled 
in  London,  and  obtained  some  celebrity  as  a  writer.  The 
Art  of  Living  in  London;  a  Poem.  The  Elements  of 
Dram.atic  Criticism,  1775,  Svo.  The  Capricious  Lady;  a 
Cora,,  17S3,  Svo.  Conversation,  a  Didactic  Poem,  1796, 
4to;  2d  ed.,  1S07.  Svo;  4tb  ed.,  IS  15.  A  poem  of  great 
merit.  Memoirs  of  C.  JIacklin,  Svo.  Memoirs  of  Sam. 
Foote,  with  some  of  his  writings,  1805,  3  vols.  Svo. 

Cooke,  William,  Fellow  of  King's  College,  Cam- 
bridge, Greek  Prof,  at  that  University  from  1780  to  1790. 
Serms.,  1780,  '81.  Aristotelis  de  Re  Pootica,  1785,  Svo. 
Pra'lectio  ad  auctuni  publicum  habita,  Cantab..  17S7.  4to. 
The  Revelalions  trnnslateil.  examined,  and  explained 
throughout,  with  Keys,  Illustrations,  Notes,  and  Com- 
ments. Ac,  Lon.,  1789,  Svo.  This  work  has  been  severely 
criticized : 

"  A  writer  who  can  discover  the  .Towish  church  in  the  Iliad, 
and  Chiistianitv  in  the  I'dyssev.  may  certainly  lilid  whatever  ha 
pleases  in  the  Book  of  Itevelatiuu ;  but  it  is  not  equally  certain 


coo 


coo 


that  he  is  qualified  to  detect  the  fallacies  of  Joseph  Mede  and  to 
prove  him  mistaken,  false,  and  erroneous." — Lon.  Munth.  Kev.^ 
N.S.,  iii.  148. 

"A  veiy  useless  and  trifling  performance,  and  noticed  here 
merely  to  prevent  the  reader's  beini;  taken  in — as  the  author  once 
was — by  ordering  it." — Orme's  Bibl.  Bib. 

Cooke, William,  Surgeon.  Profess,  treatises, 1810/11. 

Cooke,  William.     Geography,  Lon.,  1812,  4to. 

Cooke,  William.  Isle  of  Wight,  Southamp.,  1813, 
8vo. 

Cooke,  William.     Sermons,  1847,  '50. 

Cooke,  William  B,  Southern  Coast  of  England, 
1S17-27.  Lon.,  2  vols.  r.  4to.  For  other  wurks  of  this 
eminent  artijit.  see  Lowndes's  Bibl.  Man.,  and  H.  G.  Bohn's 
Guinea  Cat.,  1841. 

Cookesey,  John.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1743,  '57,  *60. 

Cookesley,  William,  Surgeon.  Profess,  treatises, 
17ofi,  ic.,  in  Ed.  Med.  Ess.,  v.  p.  427,  and  Med.  Obs.  and 
Inq.,  iii.  p.  64. 

Cookesley,  William  G.  Serms.,  Lon.,  1843-44,  2 
vols.  8vo. 

"  Sound  and  niodr-rate  in  doctrine,  earnest  in  their  exhortations, 
and  well  suitt'il  tor  th.i  purposes  of  family  and  domestic  worship." 
—Churcli  Olid  Sdif^  (;-i:^rUe. 

Cooksey,  llichard.  Essay  on  L(trd  Somers.  and 
Philip,  Earl  of  Hardwieke ;  proposed  to  be  inserted  in  a 
compendious  Hist,  of  Worcestershire,  Lou.,  1791,  4to. 

*'  An  esteemed  VFork." 

Miscellaneous  Poems,  1796,  Svo. 

Cookson,  J.,  M.D.  Phil.  Trans.,  1735, '45:  Med. 
and  Magnetism. 

Cookson,  Rev.  James.  Polygamy,  1782.  Prayer 
Book,  1811. 

Coole,  JtenJ.  Reflections  on  a  Letter  on  Locke's  Pa- 
raphrase and  Notes,  1717,  Svo. 

Cooley,  Arnold  James.  Pharmaceutical  Latin 
Grammar,  1S45,  Lon.,  12mo. 

•■Illustrated  by  apposite  quotations  on  medical  suhjects." — 
Med.  Gaz. 

Cyclopcedia  of  Practical  Keceipts;  3d  ed.,  185S,  Svo, 
pp.  1350. 

"  A  compendious  dictionary  of  reference  to  the  manufacturer, 
tradesman,  and  amateur." — Preface. 

Cooley,  James  Ewing,  h.  1802.  in  Massachusetts. 
The  American  in  Egypt,  &.i.:  in  1831»,  "40,  N.  York,  Svo. 

Cooley,  William  D.  Euclid's  Elements;  Figures 
of  Euclid;  both.  ls;j'J,  12mo.  Geomet.  Propos.,  1810, 12mo. 
The  Negroland  of  the  Arabs  Examined  and  E.xplaiaed, 
Lon.,  1841,  Svo. 

"  A  truly  classical  work." — Count  G.  da  Kemso. 

Hist,  of  Maritime  and  Inland  Discovery,  1830,  3  vols. 
Svo;  and  1846. 
"  A  comprehensive  and  well-written  sketch." — McCnxocn. 

The  World  Surveyed  in  the  19th  Century;  vol.  i,.  Par- 
rot's Ascent  of  Mount  Ararat,  1845,  Svo;  vol.  ii.,  iii.,  Er- 
man's  Travels  in  Siberia,  1848,  2  vols.  Svo. 

'*  Mr.  Cooley  has  done  the  causf^  of  knnwk-dse  much  pcoori  service 
by  his  able  and  vigorous  translatiouof  Mr.  Krnian's  v.iluablework. 
To  no  more  skilful  hands  could  the  task  have  been  intrusted." — 
Dublin  Review. 

Claudius  Ptolemy  and  the  Nile,  1854,  Svo. 

Cooling,  Dennis.     Assize  Serm.,  171)8.  4to. 

Coombe,  Thomas,  D.D.,  a  native  of  Philadelphia, 
bani-^bed  at  the  time  of  tiic  Revolution  ;  afterwards  became 
Prebenilary  of  Canterbury.  1.  Tbe  Peasant  of  Auburn, 
or  The  Emigrant;  a  Poem,  Lon.,  1775.  2.  Serms.,  <fec.,  1771, 
'83,  '89. 

Coombe,  William,  1741-1823.  1.  Tbe  Diabolaid;  a 
Poem.  2.  Devil  iii)un  Two  Sticks  in  England.  3.  Royal 
Register,  (7.  v.)  4.  Lettt-rs  which  parsed  under  the  name  of 
Lord  Lyttleton.  5.  River  Thames.  6.  Tours  of  Dr.  Syn- 
tax in  Search  of  the  Picturesque,  &c.,  3  vols.  Svo,  coloured 
plates.  A  popular  work.  7.  The  English  Dance  of  Death. 
8.  The  Dance  of  Life.    9.  History  of  Johnny  Quie  Genus. 

Coombes,  W.  Trans,  of  C.  Brancadoro's  oration  at 
funeral  of  Pius  VI.,  &.c.,  1800. 

Cooper.     Poetical  Blossoms.  1793.  12mo. 

Cooper,     1.  Serm.     2.  Poem,  1790.  *97. 

Cooper,  A.     Complete  Distiller,  Lon.,  1757,  Svo. 

Cooper,  Alexander.  Essay  upon  the  Chronology 
of  the  Wurld.  Edin..  1722.  Svo. 

•■  It  is  not  a  book  whi'-h  will  satisfy  a  person  who  is  acquainted 
with  the  present  stattt  of  ohronolofrical  and  Viil)li<-;d  science;  but  it 
affords  evidence  that  the  author  studied  the  Scripture  and  the  his- 
tory of  the  world  very  (dosdy;  and  was  desirous  of  promoting  the 
honour  of  the  sacred  vnlume." — Orin"'n  Bib!.  Hih. 

Cooper,  Andrew.  The  History  of  the  English  Civil 
Warrs;  in  English  Verse,  Lon.,  16ii0,  Svo. 

''  Little  more  than  a  gazette  or  journal  of  passing  events,  in  halt- 
Insj  rhyme." — Lowm>fs, 

Cooper,  Anthony  Ashley,  first  Earl  of  Shaftesbury, 


1621-1683,  a  distinguished  politician,  educated  at  Exeter 
Cnllege,  O.\ford,  the  son  of  Sir  John  Conper.  Baronet,  exer- 
cised a  commanding  influence  upnii  the  events  of  his  time. 
Ilis  intellectual  character  was  much  admired  by  John 
Lcicke,  who  is  supposed  to  have  been  indebted  for  the 
groundwork  of  his  celebrated  essay  on  Toleration  to  an 
outline  drawn  u]>  by  his  lordship.  A  list  of  Speeches,  Ac, 
by  this  distinguished  nobleman  will  be  found  in  Park's 
Walpole's  R.  and  N.  Authors. 

"  He  canted  tyranny  under  Cromwell,  practised  it  under  Charles 
the  Second,  and  dis^;;raced  the  cause  of  liberty  by  being  the  busiest 
instrument  for  it,  when  every  other  party  had  rejected  him." — 
IlORACK  Walpole. 

'■  For  close  desir^ns  and  crnokpd  counsels  fit, 
t^;i^';ir-ious,  bnid,  and  turl'ulent  of  wit: 
j;.'st!i.-ss.  untised  iu  prioiiples  and  place; 
In  puw'r  unpleas'd.  impatit-nt  of  disgrace.'* 

Drydim's  Absalom  and  Achitophd. 

But  after  this  satire  was  published,  his  lordship  nominated 
Dryden's  son  to  a  scholarship  iu  the  Charter  House,  where- 
upon the  poet  thus  made  the  amende  honm-able  for  his 
savage  assault.  He  tells  us  of  Lord  Chancellor  Shaftes- 
bury : 

"In  Israel's  court  ne'er  sat  an  Abethdin 
■\Vith  more  discerning  eyes,  or  hands  more  clean: 
Unbrib'd,  unsought,  thu  wretched  to  redress, 
Swift  of  despatch,  and  easy  of  access.'' 

"Charles  the  Sewnd  said  to  him  one  day,  'Shaftesbury.  T  believe 
thou  art  the  wickedest  fellow  in  my  dominions.'  Ue  bowed,  and 
replied,  *  Of  a  subject,  sir,  I  believe  I  am.'  " 

'■  The  celebrated  Shaftesbury  :  of  powers  as  universal  as  his  am- 
bition was  unbounded;  the  idol  of  the  rabble  at  Wapping;  the  wit 
and  man  nf  fashion  among  the  fourticrsat  Whitehall,  and  a  states- 
man in  the  House  of  Lords;  whom  the  King,  after  listening  to  him 
in  a  d.'bate.  pronnunred  tit  to  teach  his  liisliops  divinity,  and  hia 
jiulgi-s  ];i\v;  a  niiiiister,  a  patriot,  a  chancellor. and  a  demagogue; 
in  whatever  direction  he  moved,  the  man  on  whom  all  eyes  were 
to  be  turned;  to  whom  nothing  was  wanting  but  virtue." — ProJ", 
Siuf/f/i's  Led.  on  MimI.  Hist. 

A  Life  of  the  Earl,  by  G.  Wixgrote  Cooke  (7.  r.)  was 
pub.  in  1836.  See  Biog.  Brit. ;  Burnet's  Own  Times ;  Athan. 
Oxon. 

Cooper,Anthony  Ashley,  third  Earl  of  Shaftesbury, 
1671-171;^.  grandson  of  the  above,  bad  his  early  studies  in 
part  directed  by  John  Locke,  and  was  instructed  in  Latin 
and  Greek  by  a  lady  of  tbe  name  of  Birch,  who  spoke  these 
languages  with  ease  and  fluency.  Under  her  care  he  be- 
came no  contemptible  scholar  when  only  11  or  12  years  of 
age.  at  which  time  he  was  placed  at  Winchester  School. 
After  travelling  on  the  Continent,  he  entered  Parliament, 
and  his  remarkable  ^^pohxjy  for  a  ajieech  on  High  Treason 
is  still  celebrated.  In  1711  be  again  visited  the  Continent, 
and  died  at  Naples,  Feb.  4,  \~\?>.  His  Letter  concerning 
Enthusiasm  appeared  in  1708.  The  Moralist,  a  Philoso- 
phical Rhapsody,  1709.  Sensus  Communis,  1710.  This 
is  '*a  recital  of  certain  conversations  on  natural  and  moral 
subjects."  Soliloquy,  or  Advice  to  an  Author,  1710.  Let- 
ters written  by  a  Noble  Lor<l  to  a  Young  jMan  at  the  Uni- 
versity, 1716.  Letters  to  Robert  Molesworth,  Esq.,  1716. 
Judgment  of  Hercules.  Letter  concerning  Design.  But 
his  most  celebrated  work  was  his  Characteristics  of  Men, 
Matters,  Opiiiions,  and  Times,  1711-23,  3  vols.  Svo,  and  in 
17^12.  Many  sentiments  in  the  Characteristics  are  consi- 
dered as  unfavourable  to  Cbrii-tianity. 

"Mr.  pope  told  me,  that,  to  his  knowledge,  the  characteristics 
had  done  more  harm  to  Revealed  Iteligi'in  in  England  than  all  the 
works  on  Infidelity  put  together." — ItiSHOP  Wahiivrton. 

This  would  seem  to  prove  that  his  lordship  found  many 
readers  of  as  shallow  perceptions  as  his  own.  His  Inquiry 
concerning  Virtue  is  highly  commended  by  Sir  James 
Mackintosh,  who  does  not  admire  bis  ordinary  style: 

"Grace  belongs  only  to  natural  movements:  and  Lord  Shaftes- 
bury, notwithstanding  the  freiiuent  beauty  of  his  thoughts  and 
language,  has  rarely  attained  it.  .  .  .  He  had  great  power  nfthnuL'ht 
and  conmiand  over  words.  But  he  had  no  talent  for  inventing 
character,  and  bestowing  life  on  it.  The  Inquiry  concerning  Vir- 
tue is  nearly  exempt  from  the  faulty  ]>ecnliarilies  nf  the  author; 
the  method  is  perlect,  the  reasoning  just,  the  style  precise  and 
clear." — Prelini.  Dissert,  to  Enci/c.  Brit. 

Blair  takes  him  to  task  for  want  of  simplicity  and  ease: 

"  Ilis  lordship  can  express  nothing  with  simplicity.  He  seems 
to  have  considered  it  as  vulgar,  and  beneath  the  dignity  of  a  man 
of  quality  to  speak  like  otlier  men.  Hence  he  is  ever  in  buskins; 
full  of  circumlocutions  and  artifii-ial  elegance.  In  every  sentence 
we  see  tbe  marks  of  labour  and  ai-t:  nothing  of  that  ease  which 
expresses  a  sentiment  coming  natural  and  warm  from  the  heart. 
Of  figures  nod  ornament  of  every  kind  he  is  exceedingly  fond. — 
sometimes  happ\  in  them;  but  his  fondness  for  them  is  too  visible; 
and  having  once  laid  hold  of  some  metaphor  or  allusion  that  pleases 
him.  he  knows  not  how  to  part  with  it." — Lectures  on  Rhetoric  and 
Bellf-i-Lrllres. 

His  great  admirer,  Horace  Walpole,  cannot  brook  hia 
oratorical  flourishes : 

"His  writings  are  much  more  estimable  for  the  virtues  of  his 
mind  than  for  their  stylo  and  manner.     Ue  delivers  hl=  doctrinea 

42i 


coo 


In  ecstafic  dilution,  like  one  of  the  Ma^i  inculcating  philosophic 
visions  to  an  Etstern  auditory." — R.  and  N.  Autlmrs. 

Bishop  Warburton  is  for  a  time  uncommonly  gracious, 
though  afterwards  not  so  courteous  : 

"  Tb8  nolile  authnr  of  the  Cbaracterislics  had  many  excellent 
qualities,  both  as  a  man  and  a  writer.  lie  was  tempenite,  chaste, 
honest,  and  a  lover  of  his  country.  In  his  writings  he  has  shown 
how  much  he  has  inihibed  the  deep  sense,  and  how  peneially  he 
could  copy  the  pracious  manner,  of  Plato." — D^d.  to  The  Free 
Thitikf  rs.  pvffiieil  to  t'le  Diviite  Li/jatiOJi. 

Cooper,  Anthony  Ashley,  fourth  Earl  of  Shaftes- 
bury, only  son  of  the  iirei-eiling,  wrote  a  life  of  his  father 
for  the  (jeneral  Biog.  Dictionary;  see  vol.  i.'i.  179,  17.39. 
He  seems  to  have  been  a  much  wiser  man  than  his  father, 
for  we  are  tohl  that 

"  Tliere  never  existed  a  man  of  more  benevolence,  mor.al  worth, 
and  true  piety." — Bishop  IIoxTiNi^Foan. 

We  must  say  that  we  prefer  his  Characteristics  to  his 
father's.  Maurice  Ashley  t'on])er,  brother  to  the  third  Earl, 
added  to  the  literary  honours  of  the  family  by  a  trans,  of 
Xenopbon's  Cvropedia. 

Cooper,  Sir  Astlcy  Paston,  Bart,  1768-1841,  son 
of  the  Kev.  Dr.  Cooper,  Rector  of  Yelvcrton  and  Morley, 
Norfolk,  studied  surgery  under  his  uncle,  William  Cooper, 
surgeon  to  Guy's  Hospital,  and  the  celebrated  Mr.  Cline. 
The  latter  assigned  him  a  sh.ire  in  his  anatomical  lectures, 
and  Mr.  Cooper's  class  rapidly  increased  from  60  to  400 
students,  the  largest  class  ever  known  in  London,    In  1792 
he  visited  Paris,  and  attended  the  lectures  of  Desault  at 
the  Hotel  Dieu,  and  those  of  Chopart.     Returning  to  Lon- 
don, he  resided  alternately  in  Jeffrey-Square,  New  Broad- 
Street,  and  New-Street,  Spring  Gardens.     His  practice  was 
very  large,  and  in  1822  he  realized  the  largest  sum  ever  re- 
ceived by  a  medical  practitioner — £22,000.    For  some  years 
his  receipts  averaged  £18,000  to  £20,000.     He  was  made 
a  biironct  at  the  coronation  of  George  IV.,  in  1821.     The 
Anatomy  and  .'Surgical  Treatment  of  Inguinal  and  Conge- 
nital Hernia,  Lon.,  1804,  fol.     Crural  and  Umbilical  Her- 
nia, 1807,  fol.     Con.  to  Phil  Trans.,  1800:  to  Med.  Chir. 
Trans.,  1809,  '11,  '13.     Surgical  Essays,  by  Sir  A.  P.  C. 
and  B.  Travers.     P.irt  1,  1S18.     Principles  and  Practice  of 
Surgery,  ed.  by  F.  Tyrrell.  1824,  '2.^  '27,  3  vols.  8vo;  ed. 
by  Dr.  Alex.  Lee,  Lon.,  1836-41.  .3  vols.  Svo.     The  Anato- 
my and  Diseases  of  the  Breast,  1840,  4to.     The  Testis  and 
the  Thymus  Gland  ;  2d  ed.,  ed.  by  Bransby  B.  Cooper,  1841, 
r.  4to.     Dislocations  and  Fractures  of  the  Joints;  ed.  by 
B.  B  Cooper,  1842,  Svo.     Amcr.  edit.,  with  addit.  ob.serva- 
tions  by  Prof.  J.  C.  Warren,  Phila.,  Svo.     Sir  Astley  left 
addits.  in  MS.  for  tliis  new  edition.     Anatomy  and  Surgi- 
cal Treatment  of  Hernia;  new  edit.,  Lon.,  1S44,  imp.  Svo. 
The  original  edit,  is  entirely  out  of  print.     Life  of  Sir 
Astley  P.  Cooper,  Bart.,  interspersed  with  sketches  of  dis- 
tinguished characters,  by  [his  nephew]  B.  B.  Cooper,  1843, 
2  vols.  Svo. 

"  Sir  Astley  was  principally  distinguished  as  a  hold  operator,  a 
decided  practitioner,  and  asa  most  industrious  and  popular  teacher. 
Perhaps  no  man  ever  taught  any  branch  of  medicine  who  possessed 
more  of  this  element  of  ^reat  succe.ss.  His  manners  were  of  the 
most  enu.aginjj;  kind,  white  his  attention, urbanity,  and  regard  for 
his  pupils,  were  of  the  most  exemplary  character.'*— Kobeut  Dun- 
D.\s  Thomson,  M.D. 

Although  a  bold  operator,  as  Dr.  Thomson  remarks,  Sir 
Astley  seems  to  have  been  a  very  graceful  cue.  Mr.  Petti- 
grew  tells  us : 

"The  li^ht  and  elefrant  manner  in  which  Sir.  Astley  employed 
his  various  instruments  always  astonished  nie.  and  I  could  not 
refrain  from  making  some  remarlis  upon  it  to  my  late  m.aster,  Jlr. 
Chandler,  one  of  the  surireons  to  St.  Thomas's  Hospital.  I  ob- 
served to  him  that  Sir  Astley'soperationsappeared  like  the  grace- 
ful efforts  of  an  artist  in  making  a  drawing.  Mr.  C.  replied.  '  Sir, 
it  is  of  no  consefjuence  what  instrument  Mr.  Cooper  uses ;  they  are 
all  alike  to  him:  and  1  verily  believe,  he  could  operate  as  easily 
with  an  oyster-knife,  as  the  best  bit  of  cutlery  in  Laundy's  shop.' " 
On  one  occasion  Sir  .Astley  had  a  patient  from  the 
West  Indies  named  Hyiitt,  who  was  a  rather  eccentric 
character,  as  the  following  anecdote  testities.  After  a 
skilful  operation  by  the  surgeon,  ho  desired  to  know  the 
amount  of  his  debt. 

"•Two  hundred  guineas,'  replied  Astley.  'Pooh,  pooh!'  ex- 
claimed the  old  gentleman,  •  I  shan't  give  you  two  hundred  gui- 
neas;— there — that  is  what  I  shall  give  you,'  tossing  off  his  night- 
-  cap,  and  throwing  it  to  Sir  Astley.  'Thank  you,  sir,'  said  Sir  A., 
'any  thing  from  you  is  acceptable.' and  he  put  the  cap  into  his 
pocket.  Upon  exanunation  it  was  fouud  to  contain  a  cheque  for 
a  thousand  guineas." 

We  doubt  not  that  the  respected  professors  of  the  heal- 
ing art  would  all  be  quite  willing  to  prescribe  "AVest  In- 
dia Night-Caps"  to  their  patients. 

Cooper,  Ifransby  IJ.,  Senior  surgeon  to  Guy's  Hos- 
pitJil,  »te.,  nephew  to  the  jjreeeding.  Lectures  on  Anato- 
my, Lon.,  1835,  4  vols.  r.  Svo.  Treatise  on  Ligaments, 
4th  ed.,   1836,  4to.     Lectures   on    Osteology,  1844,  Svo. 

m 


coo 

Surgical  Essays,  184.3,  r.  8vo.     Lectures  on  the  Principles 
and  Practice  of  Surgery,  1801,  r.  Svo. 

'-  For  twentv-tive  years  Mr.  Bransby  Ctoper  has  been  surgeon  to 
Guy's  Hospital;  and  the  volume  befure  us  may  be  .-aid  to  consist 
of  an  account  of  the  results  of  his  surgical  experience  during  that 
lon"  period.  We  cordially  recommend  Mr.  Bransby  Croper's  Lec- 
tures as  a  most  valuable  addition  to  our  surgical  literature,  and 
one  which  cannot  tail  '.o  be  of  service  both  to  students  and  to  those 
who  are  actively  eng.aged  iu  the  practice  of  their  profession." — 
Lon.  Lancet. 

Mr.  B.  B.  Cooper  has  also  edited  some  of  his  uncle's 
works,  and  favoured  the  public  with  an  account  of  his  life 
Cooper,  C.     Grammatica  Lingua)  Anglicaua;,  Lou. 
1685,  Svo. 

Cooper,  C.  Municipal  Corporations  in  England  and 
Wales,  Lon.,  1S35,  12mo. 

Cooper,  Rev.  Charles  D.    See  Oxenden,  Ashton. - 
Cooper,  Charles  Purton,  Doctor  of  Laws  of  the  R. 
Catlndic  University  of  Louvain,  and  one  of  her  majesty's 
counsel.     Legal  aiid  Ecclc.xia.-fical  Publications,  1828-51. 
Sec  Marvin's  Legal  Eibl.,  and  Darling's  Cyc.  Brit. 
Cooper,  Chris.     Heresy  Unmasked,  Lon.,  Svo. 
Cooper,  E.   Poesy,  1761,  8vo.    Elbow  Chair,  1765,  Svo. 
Cooper,  Kdwaril.     Abridgt.  of  Anatomy,  Lon.,  fol. 
Cooper,  Edward,  d.  1833,  Rector  of  Yoxhall,  1S09. 
Pract.  and  Famil.  Serms.,  7  vols.  12mo.     V.  Y.,  many  edits. 
Scrms.,  6th  ed.,  2  vols.  1819. 

"Sound  in  his  doctrine,  judicious  in  his  arrangement,  simple 
and  unafTected  in  his  language,  animated  yet  correct  in  his  man- 
ner, he  generally  pleases  and  edifies  his  reader." — i«i.  Cknsliun 
ObseTver. 
"  Plain,  sound,  and  useful."— Bickeesteth. 
The  Crisis  ;  Prophecy,  and  Signs  of  the  Times,  1825,  Svo. 
"A  practical  and  edifviiig  work,  though  serious  doubts  may  be 
entertained  of  the  justness  of  the  interpretation  of  the  particular 
prophecy." — Bickersteth. 

Cooper,  Elizabeth.  The  Muses'  Library,  or  a  Se- 
ries of  English  Poetry  from  the  Saxons  to  the  Reign  of 
Charles  IL,  1737,  '38,  '41,  but  nil  the  same  edit.  It  is  a 
collection  of  much  merit,  and  can  he  hadfor  a  few  shillings. 
Mrs.  C.  had  the  valuable  assistance  of  Oldys. 
Cooper,  George.  1.  Letters  on  the  Irish  Nation, 
1800,  Svo.  .    . 

"  Manners,  national  character,  government,  religion,  prmcipally ; 
with  notices  on  agriculture,  commerce,  &c." — Stevenson's  Vot/ages 
and  Travels. 

2.  Treatise  of  Pleading  on  the  Equity  Side  of  the  High 
Court  of  Chancery,  Lon.,  1809,  '13,  Svo.     This   work  is 
founded  upon  Mitford  on  Equity  Pleading.     3.  Reports  of 
Cases  in  II.  C.  of  C.  in  Lord  Eldon's  time,  Lon.,  1815;  N.  _ 
York,  1824,  Svo. 

Cooper,  George.  1.  Designs  for  the  Decoration  of 
Rooms,  Lon.,  1S07,  fol.  2.  Architectural  Reliquesof  Great 
Britain  ;  part  1st,  1S07,  4to. 

Cooper,  George.  Domestic  Brewer,  1811,  12mo. 
Cooper,  Sir  Grey.  Duke  and  Duchess  of  Athol; 
Proceedings  in  H.  of  C.  rcl.  to  the  Isle  of  Man,  1769,  Svo. 
Cooper,  Ileury  Fox.  Poem,  1805,  12mo. 
Cooper,  James.  Vaccination  Vindicated,  ISII.  Svo. 
Cooper,  James.  S.rms.,  Lon.,  1S40,  12ino. 
Cooper,  James  Fenimore,  17S9-1851,  a  distin- 
guished American  author,  w:is  a  son  of  Judge  AVilliam 
Cooper,  a  native  of  Pennsylviinia,  whose  ancestors  had 
been  settled  in  the  United  States  since  1G79.  The  subject 
of  our  notice  was  born  at  Burlington,  New  Jersey,  on  the 
15lh  of  September.  He  entered  Yale  College  in  1S02,  and 
for  the  three  years  of  his  residence  there  applied  himself 
diligently  to  his  studies.  In  1805  he  obtained  a  midship- 
man's  warrant  in  the  U.  S.  Navy,  and  followed  the  life  of 
a  sailor  for  six  years.  How  apt  a  scholar  he  became  in 
this  arduous  school  may  be  judged  from  the  technical  accu- 
racy which  distinguishes  his  marine  sketches.  In  1811 
be  resigned  from  the  navy,  and  was  married  to  Miss  De 
Lanoey,  a  sister  of  the  estimable  Bishop  De  Lancey  of 
AVeste'rn  New  Y'ork.  Mr.  Coojier's  first  volume  was  en- 
titled Precaution,  a  novel  of  the  English  "  fashionable 
society"  school,  with  few  indications  of  the  remaikiiblo 
powers  of  description  and  eloquence  of  narration  which  its 
successors  evinced.  Ho  next  pub.  The  Spy.  a  tale  of  fbo 
Neutral  Ground,  founded  upon  incidents  connected  with 
the  American  Revolutiim.  The  theme  was  one  too  closely 
connected  with  the  sympathies  of  his  countrymen  to  appeal 
in  vain  to  their  attention.  The  critic  of  the  leading  pe- 
riodical of  the  country,  in  a  review  not  in  all  respects  the 
most  Battering  to  the  young  author,  compliments  him 

"  For  ha\  ing  demonstrated  so  entirely  to  our  salisfaclien.  that 
an  admirable  topii'  for  the  romantic  historian  hasgrown  out  ot  the 
American  Itevolution.  .  .  .  He  has  the  high  praise,  and  will  have, 
we  may  add.  the  future  glory,  of  having  struck  info  a  lU'w  path— 
of  having  opened  a  mine  of  exhaustless  wealth — in  a  word,  be  has 
laid  the  foundations  of  American  romance,  and  is  really  the  firbt 


coo 


coo 


xrho  has  (leserved  tTie  appell.-itinn  nf  a  distinguished  American 
nu\il  wiitei-."' — N.  Amcnctn  J^'euiew.  xv.  281. 

The  popularity  of  The  Spy  was  not  confined  tn  Ame- 
rica.    It  was  soon  republi.'^heii  in  many  parts  of  Europe. 
I  ami  the  reputation  of  the  author  was  eoufirmed  abroad  as 

well  as  at  home  by  the  appearance  of  The  Pioneers  and  The 
Pilot  in  1S23,  and  the  Last  of  the  Mohicans  in  1826.  Be- 
tween the  two  last  works  was  pub.  a  novel  {Lionel  Lincoln) 
founded  upon  the  early  revolutionary  troubles  in  America, 
which  never  succeeded  in  gaininj^  the  popular  favour. 

AV)outl827  Mr.  Cooper  visited  Europe,  and  whilst  abroad, 
gave  to  the  world  a  surcession  of  works  of  various  grades 
of  merit,  of  which  a  critical  examination  will  not  be  ex- 
pected in  the  limited  space  to  which  we  are  confined. 
The  first  of  the  works  pub.  in  Europe  was  The  Prairie, 
one  of  the  very  best  of  his  productions — which  was  suc- 
ceeded by  The  Red  Rover,  The  Wept  of  Wish-ton-Wish. 
The  Water-Witch,  The  Bravo,  Tho  TIeidenmnuer.  and  The 
Headsman  of  Berne.  He  also  pub.  a  vindication  of  the 
land  of  his  birth  from  many  current  misrepresentations: 
doubtless  the  Notions  of  the  Americans  did  much  to  cor- 
rect error  and  abate  prejudices  among  candid  foreigners. 

But  if  Mr.  Cooper  was  ready  to  defend  his  country  when 
unjustly  criticized,  he  was  quite  as  willing  tu  censure  those 
faults  to  which  he  perceived  a  growing  proclivity  among 
some  of  her  most  prominent  sons.  We  have  no  disposition 
to  dwell  upon  family  quarrels,  and  if  we  enumerate  The 
Letter  to  his  Countrymen,  and  Tlie  Monikins,  a  political 
satire,  among  Mr.  Cooper's  works,  it  is  with  no  desire  to 
revive  controversy,  but  only  to  act  the  part  (»f  a  faithful 
chronicler.  To  the  last-named  work  succeeded  the  Glean- 
ings in  Europe :  the  Sketches  of  Switzerland,  and  the 
works  on  France,  Italy,  and  England,  the  series  compris- 
ing 10  volumes,  excited  much  attention  both  at  home  and 
abroad.  England,  with  Sketches  of  Society  in  the  Metro- 
polis, aroused  in  no  small  degree  the  ire  of  the  Liuidon 
Quarterly  Reviewer,  who  declares,  not  in  the  most  cour- 
teous style  imagiuable,  that 

*' Jfo  ill-wiitteii  —  ilMnfirmcd  —  ill-bred — ill-tempored,  and  ill- 
mannered  a  production  it  has  never  yet  been  our  fortune  to  meet. 
. .  .  We  must  say  in  justice  to  every  thing  Americau  that  we  have 
happened  to  meet,  either  in  litei-ature  or  in  society,  that  we  never 
met  such  a  phenomeuon  of  vanity,  folly,  and  fable,  as  this  book 
exhibits — we  say  table,  because  (whatever  may  be  Mr.  Cooper's  in- 
tentions) his  i^nni-ance  and  pi'esumption  betray  him  at  every  mo- 
ment into  misstatemeuts  so  gross,  and  sometimes  so  elaborate,  as 
to  have  all  the  appearance  and  elTect  nf  ab.solute  falsehood." 

The  critic  indignantly  denies  Mr.  Cooper's  assertion  that 
"the  Quarterly  Review  was  the  organ  of  a  national  anti- 
pathy to  America."  It  is  hardly  worth  while  to  linger 
over  such  civilities,  and  we  proceed  to  notice  Mr.  Cooper's 
other  productions. 

The  American  Democrat,  or  Hints  on  the  Social  and 
Civil  Relatitms  of  the  United  States,  appeared  in  1^35. 
Three  years  later  Mr.  Cooper  gave  to  the  world  a  work  of 
a  more  elaborate  character  than  its  predecessors.  This 
was  a  History  of  the  Navy  of  the  United  State^^.  Phila., 
18:^.9;  2d  cd.,  Phila.,  IS-IO;  :Ul  ed..  Coopcrst^-wn,  18-16; 
reprinted  in  London.  Paris,  and  Brussels.  A  new  ed.,  with 
a  continuation.  ISId-S^,  in  a  supplement  of  100  pages 
from  Mr.  Cooper's  MSS.  and  other  authorities,  was  pub. 
in  185a. 

"The  work  of  an  unsurpassed  writer:  it  is  so  full  of  interest, 
and  .'JO  abounds  in  the  most  vivid  illustrations  of  American  pa- 
triotism, enterprise,  and  courage,  that  it  cannot  be  too  widely  cucu- 
lated."-— Ceoroe  HaiNCROFT. 

"  Mr.  Cooper  appears  to  be  fair,  and  imwarped  by  national  preju- 
dice in  these  records." — Ixm.  Literarif  Guzrtle. 

"We  have  perused  this  history  with  no  little  curiosity  and  with 
great  interest." — British  Naval  mnl  A/. Ufa}-}/  Mogazine. 

''  Tbi'se  volumes  are  filled  with  the  graphic  records  of  darinr; 
adventure,  and  contain  in  their  nai  raticn  of  mere  facts,  .t  treasure 
to  the  lovers  of  .^ea- romance.  The  n.ime  of  Snmers  is  a  household 
word  in  America:  and  the  desperate  enterprise  in  whifli  he  and 
his  companions  peli^hed.  i.s  narrated  in  this  work  with  an  extra- 
ordinary effect.'" — Lon.  Atlm'O-um. 

"This  is  a  very  valuable  .^dditif^n  to  naval  history.  Mr.  Cooper 
has  used  a  cnuimendaV'le  dilii^encein  sear(.hinc  out  whatever  facts 
the  early  history  nf  America  affonls.  illusti-ative  of  the  oii^;in  and 
growth  of  her  national  navy,  and  has  dressed  them  out  in  a  form 
as  attractive  as  possible." — N.  Aiuer.  Review. 

Commendation,  however,  was  not  the  only  response  with 
■which  the  labours  of  the  author  were  greeted.  The  ac- 
count of  the  Battle  of  Lake  Erie  was  not  suffered  to  escape 
without  nn  earnest  protest  from  .several  critics  ;  and  Mr.  C. 
felt  called  upon  to  notice  these  strictures,  in  a  volume  pub. 
in  1842,  entitled  The  Battle  of  Lake  Erie,  or  answers  to 
Messrs.  Burgess,  Duer,  and  Mackeuzie.  A  fitting  compa- 
nion to  his  history  is  the  author's  Lives  of  American  Naval 
Officers,  in  2  vols.  The  novels  of  Homeward  Bcmnd  and 
Home  as  Found  also  excited  no  little  nniniadversirm — the 
charge  of  misrepresentation  being  warmly  urged  against 


the  author.  To  these  succeeded  The  Pathfinder,  Mercedes 
of  Castile,  The  Deer-Slayer,  The  Two  Admirals,  Wing  and 
Wing,  or  Le  Feu  F<dlet.  Wyandotte,  or  the  Hutted  Knoll, 
the  Autobiography  of  a  Pocket  Handkerchief,  Ned  Myers, 
Ashore  and  Afloat,  Miles  Wallingford,  The  Little-page 
series,  including,  1.  Satanstoe,  1845,  2.  Chainbearer,  1845, 
3.  The  Red  Skins,  1846.  Among  the  last  of  hi.s  pub- 
lications were  the  Islets  of  the  Gulf,  pub.  in  Graham's 
Magazine,  1846,  and  the  Ways  of  the  Hour,  pub.  in  1850. 
A  complete  edition,  carefully  revised,  of  the  works  of  Mr. 
Cooper,  iu  34  vols.,  was,  very  opportunely,  puldished  in 
1856  by  Messrs.  Stringer  &  Townsend,  of  New  York.  An 
interesting  sketch  of  the  literary  history  of  the  great  Ame- 
rican novelist,  to  which  we  have  been  indebted  for  some 
of  the  above  facts,  will  be  found  in  R.  W.  Griswold's  Prose 
Writers  of  America.  We  have  lying  before  us  many  critical 
opinions  from  high  literary  authorities,  upon  the  merits  and 
demerits  of  Mr.  Cooper's  productions.  Our  space,  however, 
restricts  us  to  a  few  extracts.  Indeed,  works  which  have  been 
translated  into  so  many  languages,  and  are  in  continual 
demand  with  each  new  generation  of  readers,  are  them- 
selves the  best  evidence  of  their  author's  tact  in  the  se- 
lection, and  ability  in  the  treatment,  of  the  subjects  upon 
which  he  employed  his  pen.  It  is  but  a  slight  deduction 
from  the  merits  of  so  excellent  a  writer,  to  wi.'h  that  upon 
some  subjects  he  had  written  less,  and  upon  others  not  at 
all.  But  it  ill  becomes  those  who  share  in  the  glory  which 
the  lustre  of  his  name  has  shed  upon  the  literary  annals  of 
his  country,  to  quarrel  with  tho.'^e  eccentricities  irom  which 
genius  is  but  rarely  free,  and  those  occasional  el)ullition3 
which  are  the  more  remarked  on  account  of  the  prominent 
position  of  the  offender.  Nothing  is  more  easy  than  the 
condemnation  with  which  the  indiff'erent  spectator  visits 
the  heated  controversialist,  and  nothing  more  common  than 
the  transformation  which  makes  him  liaVde  to  his  own  cen- 
sure. The  proper  inference  to  be  drawn  hence  is,  not  that 
Truth  should  remain  siknt,  and  permit  transgression  to 
pass  unrcbuked,  but  rather  that  Charity  should  be  ever  at 
her  side  as  a  remembrancer  of  human  infirmity,  and  man's 
many  provocations  and  sore  trials. 

But  we  are  occupying  with  our  reflections  the  space 
which  should  be  allotted  to  those  who  have  better  claims 
to  be  heard  : 

"The  same  sort  of  maj:ical  authority  over  the  spirit  of  romance, 
which  belontrs  in  common  to  Scott.  Kadrliffe.  M  alpole,  and  our 
eouutryman,  lirown.  is.  for  us.  at  K-ast.  possesst'd  by  this  writer  in 
an  eminent  degree.  Places,  for  example,  familiar  to  us  from  our 
boyhocd.  and  whirh  are  now  d.iily  before  our  eye.^,  thronj^ed  with 
the  vul;:ar  associations  of  real  life,  are  toldly  seized  upon  for  scenes 
of  the  wildest  romance:  and  yet  our  iniULrinalion  does  not  revolt 
at  the  inconttiuity.  .  .  .  This  seems  to  us  no  inconsiderable  proof 
of  the  power  of  the  writer  over  us  and  his  subject." — N.A.J.tvitWt 
xxiii.  152. 

The  critic,  however,  charges  the  author  with  many  grave 
faults  and  signal  failures  in  the  delineation  of  chiir;icter 
and  manners;  and  it  is  somewhat  remarkable  that  some  of 
the  mo;t  prominent  critics  among  Mr.  Cooper's  own  coun- 
trymen seem  from  the  first  to  have  been  utterly  unjible  to 
discover  in  our  author  those  merits  which  have  been  so 
lavishly  ascribed  to  him  by  others.  There  are  occasionally, 
indeed,  icorth  of  commendation,  but  they  are  scarcely  dis- 
cernible amidst  pages  of  broad  and  unsparing  censure. 
Whether  just  or  otherwise  in  these  abundant  strictures,  it 
is  not  in  our  province  to  delermine.  Certain  it  is,  that  if 
the  author  of  The  Spy  and  the  Pilot  could  in  his  latter 
years  claim  to  have  been  among  the  most  voluminous 
writers  of  his  day,  the  critics  are  not  chargeable  with  the 
birth  of  so  numerous  a  literary  progeny.  In  his  earlier 
days  he  received,  indeed,  many  invitations  to  continue  his 
walks  in  the  realm  of  Romance,  but  the  awkwardly-afleeted 
courtesy  scarcely  concealed  the  intentions  of  the  lion  winch 
would  persuade  the  lamb  to  leave  the  fold  for  the  benefit 
of  a  summer  day's  excursion. 

Abroa<l,  the  great  American  novelist  has  not  escaped 
censure — we  have  already  quoted  something  that  can 
hardly  be  called  complimriit  from  the  Quarterly  Reviewers; 
but  his  distinguishing  merits  have  been  frankly  acknow- 
ledged. Victor  Hugo  goes  much  further  than  Cooper's 
intelligent  countrymen  are  willing  to  follow,  when  he 
places  the  author  of  The  Spy  above  the  "Wizard  of  the 
North." 

A  more  discriminating  English  critic  has  recorded  his 
judgment,  that 

"ihe  power  with  which  the  scenes  on  the  waste  of  waters  are 
depicted,  and  the  living  intei'est  with  which  Cooper  invests  every 
particle  of  a  ship,  as  if  it  were  all  an  intellij^ent  being,  cannot  be 
excelled,  and  has  never  been  reached  by  any  author  with  whom 
we  are  acquainted.  For  these  qualities  his  novels  wiil  live  with  the 
liiULMini-'e,  for  we  may  look  in  vain  elsewhere  for  piLtmes  so  vivid, 
so  Ciiihlul,  and  so  intelligible." 


coo 

The  Edinburgh  Review  grants  our  author  all  that  13 
claimed  above,  and  only  does  him  justice  in  enlarging  the 
sphere  of  his  dominions  ; 

"The  empire  of  the  sea  lias  been  conceded  to  him  by  acclama- 
tion; and  in  the  lonely  desert  or  untrodden  prairie,  among  the 
savage  Indians  or  scarcely  less  savage  settlers,  all  equally  acknow- 
ledge his  dominion. 

'Within  this  circle  none  dare  move  but  he.'" 

Messrs.  W.  A.  Townsend  &  Co.,  the  successors  of  Stringer 
&  Townsend,  will  shortly  issue  a  new  ed.  of  Cooper's  novels, 
beautifully  illustrated  by  Darley,  in  32  monthly  vols.  cr.  8vo, 
commencing  March,  1SJ9.  We  append  a  list,  furnished  by 
the  publishers,  of  the  dates  of  the  first  editions  of  the  novels 
as  separately  published.  The  average  sale  of  the  novels  by 
Messrs.  Stringer  A  Townsend,  for  the  last  fourteen  years,— 
1845-68,— has  been  fully  60,000  vols,  per  annum. 
Precaution,  1821. 
The  Spy,  1821. 
"     Pioneers,  1823. 


"    Pilot,  1823. 
Lionel  Lincoln,  1825. 
Last  of  the  Mohicans,  1826. 
Eed  Rover,  1827. 
The  Prairie,  182". 
Travelling  Bachelor,  1828. 
Wept  of  Wish-ton-Wish,  1829. 
The  Water  Witch,  1830. 

"     Bravo,  1831. 

"    Ileideiiniauer,  1832. 

"     Headsman,  1833. 

"     Monikius.  1836. 
Homeward  Bound,  1838. 
Home  as  Found,  1838. 


The  Pathfinder,  1840. 

Mercedes  of  Castile,  1840. 

The  Deerslayer.  1S41. 
"    Two  Admirals.  1842. 

Wing  and  Wing,  1842. 

Ned  Jlyers,  1843. 

Wyandotte.  1843. 

Atloat  and  Ashore,  1844. 

Miles  Wallingloid,  1844. 

The  Chaiulieaier,  1846. 

Satanstoe,  1845. 

The  Red  Skins,  1846. 
Cr.ater,  1847. 

Jack  Tier,  1848. 

Oak  Openings,  1848. 

The  Sea  Lions,  1S49. 

The  -Ways  of  the  Hour.  1860. 
'-The  enduring  monuments  of  Fenimore  Cooper  are  his  works. 
W  bile  the  love  of  country  continues  to  prevail,  his  memory  will 
exist  m  the  hearts  of  the  people.  .  .  .  i5o  truly  patriotic  and  Ame- 
rican throughout,  they  should  find  a  place  in  every  American's 
library." — Ih.mel  Webster. 

"  His  writings  are  instinct  with  the  spirit  of  nation.ality.  In  his 
productions  every  American  must  take  an  honest  pride.  For 
surely  no  one  has  succeeded  like  Cooper  in  the  portraiture  of  Ame- 
rican character,  or  has  given  such  glowing  and  eminently  truthful 
pictures  of  .American  scenery.-' — Wm.  H.  Prescott. 

'•  lie  wrote  for  mankind  at  large :  hence  it  is  that  he  has  earned 
a  fame  wider  than  any  author  of  modern  times.  The  creations  of 
bis  genius  shall  survive  throuijb  centuries  to  come,  and  only  pe- 
rish with  our  language."' — Wm.  C.  Bryant. 

"The  glory  which  be  justly  won  was  reflected  on  his  country, 
and  deserves  the  grateful  recognition  of  all  who  survive  him.  His 
surpassing  ability  has  made  his  own  name  and  the  names  of  the 
creations  of  his  fancy  'household  words'  throughout  the  civilized 
world."' — George  Ba.vcroft. 

"  The  works  of  our  great  national  novelist  have  adorned  and 
elevated  our  literature.  There  is  nothing  more  purely  American 
whi.-h  the  latest  posterity  •  will  not  willingly  let  die."  "—Edward 

KVERETT. 

"  Cooper  emphatically  belongs  to  the  nation.  He  has  left  a  space 
in  our  literature  which  will  uot  easily  be  supplied."— Wisni.xGToN 
Irving. 

"  His  country  and  the  world  acknowledge  and  appreciate  his 
claims,  and  the  productions  of  his  genius  will  go  down  to  posterity 
among  the  noblest  efforts  of  the  age.  He  will  ever  live  in  the 
history  of  human  greatness." — Lewis  Cass. 

"With  what  amazing  power  has  be  painted  nature!  How  all 
his  pages  glow  with  creative  fire!  Who  is  there  writing  En"lish 
among  our  contemporaries,  if  not  of  him,  of  whom  it  can  be  said 
that  he  has  a  genius  of  the  first  order?"'— /Tccue  de  I'.iris. 

"  Altogether  he  is  the  most  original  writer  that  .\merica  has 
yet  pinduced,  and  one  of  whom  she  may  well  be  proud."— Xot. 
Atlientpuiii. 

'•  We  accord  to  Cooper  an  equal  degree  of  talent  and  power  with 
that  ascriljed  to  Scott,  and  would  place  the  originality  of  the  Ame- 
rican author  at  a  higher  point.  There  is  certainly  in  Cooper  more 
power  of  concentration,  a  more  epigrammatic  style,  and  greater 

terseness  of  expression No  one  can  peruse  the' works  of  Cooper 

without  being  convinced  of  the  innate  beauty  of  his  own  mind 
His  ethial  notions  are  of  the  highest  order,  bis  morality  is  as 
pure  as  that  of  the  men  whose  unalTected  religion  he  is  so  fond  of 
poui-tr.aying. 

"  The  philosophy  of  his  mind  is  of  a  high  order,  and  few  can  be 
unsusceptible  of  this.  The  most  ordinary  reader  must  be  con- 
scious of  a  superiority  and  elevation  of  thought  while  he  peruses 
the  writings  of  Fenimore  Cooper.  The  geiitliiies.s  of  his  own  mind, 
its  lofty  apprecialion  of  every  thing  that  was  goid.  its  innate  poetry 
breathed  forth  in  bis  graphic  descriptions  of  nature,  in  the  love 
with  which  he  regards  the  forests,  the  broad  prairies,  and  the  sun- 
lighted  vallev.s. 

'•  It  is  rarely  so  many  qualities  are  combined  in  one  writer.  His 
name  is  endeared  in  his  country,  and  his  productions  will  hand  it 
down  to  posterity  with  undiminished  lustre.  Cooper's  novels  will 
be  standaid  works  as  long  as  liction  continues  to  evcite an  interest 
in  the  admirers  of  literature." — Obituary  A'nlicf,  Ecbctic  Jteview. 

Cooper,  John,  Professor  of  Astrology.  Primum  Mo- 
bile, with  The.-ics  to  the  Theory  and  Canons  of  Practice, 
wherein  is  demonstrated  from  Astronomical  and  Philoso- 
phical Principles,  the  nature  and  extent  of  Celestial  In- 
flux on  Man,  l.'^U.  8vo.  New  Trans,  id"  Dcd.acus  Plaeidus 
de  Titus's  Primum  Mcdiile,  or  Celestial  Philosophy:  Illus- 
trated by  upwards  of  :iU  remarkable  Nativities  of'tho  most 
eminent  men  in  Europe,  ISIJ,  Svo. 
426 


COO 

]  Cooper,  John  Gilbert,  1723-1769.  was  educated  at 
I  Trin.  Coll.,  Cambridge,  where  he  applied  himself  zealously 
to  classical  literature.     The  Power  of  Harmony, 1745  : 

"  In  which  he  endeavoured  to  recommend  a  perfect  attention  to 
]  what  is  perfect  and  beautiful  in  nature,  as  the  means  of  harmoniz- 
ing the  soul  to  a  responsive  regularity  and  sympathetic  order. 
This  imitation  of  the  language  of  Shaftesbury's  school  was  not 
affectation.  He  had  studied  the  works  of  that  nolleinan  with 
enthusiasm,  and  seems  entirely  to  bare  regulated  his  conduct 
by  the  maxims  of  the  ancient  and  modern  academies."  See  Chal- 
mers's Biog.  Diet. 

The  Life  of  Socrates,  1749,  Svo.  In  this  work  Cooper 
pub.  some  notes  furnished  by  John  Jackson,  levelled 
against  Bishop  Warburtou.  The  bishop  thus  returns  the 
compliment  in  a  note  on  an  Essay  on  Criticism: 

'■As  ignorance,  when  joined  with  humility,  produces  stupid  ad- 
miration, on  which  account  it  is  so  commonly  observed  to  he  the 
mother  of  devotion,  and  blind  homage;  so  when  joined  with 
vanity  (as  it  always  is  in  bad  critics  Jit  gives  birth  to  every  iniquity 
of  impudent  abuse  and  slander.  See  an  example  (for  want  of  a 
better)  in  a  late  worthless  and  now  forgotten  thing,  called  The  Lite 
of  Socrates;  where  the  head  of  the  author  (as  a  man  of  wit  ol>- 
served  on  reading  the  book)  has  just  made  the  shift  to  do  the  ottice 
of  acnwicra  obscura,  and  represent  things  in  an  inverted  order; 
himself  above,  and  Sprat,  Rollin,  Voltaire,  and  every  other  author 
of  importance,  bdtnuy — Fopi's  Wnrhs.  ed.,  1751,  i.  151. 

This  is  in  the  favourite  style  of  the  amiable  prelate,  and 
we  need  not  be  surprised  that  it  somewhat  excited  the  ire 
of  the  author  of  The  Life  of  Socrates.  He  followed  up 
the  war  by  Remarks  on  Warburton's  edition  of  Pope,  in  a 
Letter  to  a  Friend,  1751.  In  this  work  Mr.  C.  appeals  to 
the  impartial  reader,  "  Whether  there  is  the  least  reflection 
through  the  whole  Life  of  Socrates,  or  the  Notes,  upon 
W.'s  morafs,  and  whether  he  has  not  confined  his  criticism 
to  W.'s  practice  as  an  author?"  and  he  declares  the  epithet 
bestowed  upon  him  to  be  a  downright  slander.  Letters  on 
Taste,  1754. 

'•These  Letters  may  still  be  perused  with  interest;  they  are 
more  remarkable,  however,  for  splendour  of  style  and  imiigcry 
than  for  strength  of  reasoning,  and  are  occasionally  tinged  with 
the  hue  of  affectation." — Dr.  Draee. 

The  Tomb  of  Shakspcare,  a  "Vision,  1755.  The  Genius 
of  Britain,  1756.     Epistles  to  the  Great  from  Aristippus, 

1758.  The  Call  of  Aristippus,  1758.     Trans,  of  Ver  Vert, 

1759.  Poems  on  several  subjects,  1764: — Originally  con. 
to  Dodsley's  Museum,  under  the  signature  of  Philaretes. 

"Mr.  Cooper  was  a  gentleman  of  an  agreeble  appearance,  of  po. 
lite  address,  and  .accomplished  manners." — Dr.  Kippis.  See  Biog. 
Br  it. ;  Chalmers's  Biog.  Diet.,  and  Johnson  and  Chalmers's  Knglish 
Poets,  and  works  cited  above. 

Cooper,  Joseph,  1635-1699,  a  Nonconformist  divine. 
Eight  Sermons  on  1  Pet.  v.  15,  1663,  Svo.  Domus  Mo- 
saics Cl.avis,  sive  Legis  Sepiuientum,  1673,  12mo. 

"  This  is  a  curious  Latin  work,  written  in  defence  of  the  Maso- 
retic  doctrines  and  punctuation  ;  in  which  p:iias  Levita,  Cappelus, 
Walton,  Morinus.  Gordon,  surnanied  Huntly,  are  all  attacked: 
and  the  Buxtnrfs,  Owen.  Glassius,  and  the  rest  of  the  same  school, 
are  defended.  Cooper  was  a  pious  and  learned  man  :  but  on  this 
subject  had  more  zeal  than  knowledge." — Orme:  Bibl.  Bib. 

Cooper,  Maria  Susanna.  Jane  Shore  to  her 
Friends;  a  Poetic  Epistle,  1776,  4to,  The  Exemplary 
Mother.  The  Wife,  or  Caroline  Herbert,  1812,  2  vols.; 
poslh. 

"An  example  of  virtue  which  may  be  useful  and  interesting  to 
many  of  our  fiiir  readers :  particulaily  such  as  are  speculatiug  on 
matrimony." — ton.  Monthh/  lirvirw.  1813. 

Cooper,  Mary  Grace.  Thamuta,  The  Spirit  of 
Death  ;  and  other  poems,  Lon..  1839,  12mo. 

"A  pure  pearl,  deserving  of  notice:  calculated  to  con.sole  and 
cheer  the  sick  chamber,  or  rest  amongst  those  Sabbath  books  w  hich 
ought  to  have  a  place  'sacred  and  a]iart"  in  every  English  home."' 
— Britannia. 

Cooper,  Myles,  D.D.,  d.  at  Edinburgh,  1785,  aged 
about  50,  was  educated  at  the  University  of  Oxford.  Ho 
emigrated  to  New  York  in  1762,  and  was  (at  the  instanco 
of  the  Archbishop  of  Canterbury)  appointed  Prof,  of  Moral 
Philosophy  in  King's  CoUege.New  York  city.  In  1763 
he  succeeded  Dr.  J<ihnson  as  president.  In  1775  his  Tory 
principles  caused  him  to  leave  America.  He  was  subse- 
quently one  of  the  ministers  of  the  Episcopal  chapel  of 
Edinburgh,  in  which  city  he  died.  Poems,  1758.  Fast 
Sermon,  1776.  Sermon  on  Civil  Government.  Oxf.,  1777. 
He  wrote  on  the  subject  of  an  American  Episcopate,  and 
also  upon  the  politics  of  the  country.  To  his  pen  is  as- 
cribed A  Friendly  Address  to  nil  Reasonable  Americans 
on  our  Political  Confusions,  and  the  Necessary  Conse- 
quences of  Violently  Opposing  the  King's  Troops,  Ac,  N. 
York,  1774,  Svo.  Dr.  Cooper  was  much  disliked  by  the 
Whigs.  Those  who  desire  to  become  acquainted  with  the 
history  of  the  Tories,  as  they  were  styled  in  the  Revolu- 
tionary Contest  of  America,  should  con.sult  Mr.  Lorenzo 
Sabine's  American  Loyalists,  Boston,  1847,  Svo.  A  new 
eilil.  is  now  (ISo-O  in  course  of  preparation.  See  Sabine, 
LoitEKzo. 


coo 

Cooper,  Oliver  St.  Johu.  400  Texts  of  Scripture  ; 
Explained,  Lou.,  1791,  Svo. 

"A  small,  but  useful,  work. ...  It  contains  muKum  in  parvo."' 
— Or.ME:  B'bl.  Bib. 

Cooper,  R.  Bransby,  Trans,  of  Mede's  Clavis  Apo- 
calypti<^a,  Lon.,  1SS;J,  Svo.  Commentary  on  the  Revela- 
tion of  St.  John,  1S33,  Svo. 

'•The  fiiKt  of  these  publications  will  be  a  very  acceptable  present 
to  the  Ifffal  student  of  the  Bible;  as.  in  having  Mede's  views  set 
before  hini,  he  will  certainly  have  those  nf  the  soundest  writer  on 
prophecy  unfullilled.  The  second  work  is  also  valuable,  as  the 
commentary  is  nearly  founded  upon  M*'df\s  views,  and  Mr.  Cooper 
points  out  where  he  has  gone  beyond  them." — British  Magazine, 
June,  1833,  092. 

Cooper,  Richard.  Countryman's  Proposal  to  raise 
£20.0011  a  <i;\y,  Xutt..  1711,  12mo*. 

Cooper,  S.  31.  Life  in  the  Forest;  or  the  Trials  and 
Sufferiii,<;s  of  a  Pioneer,  Phila.,  1854,  16mo. 

Cooper,  Samuel.  On  a  Storm  at  Norwich:  Phil. 
Trans.,  1759. 

Cooper,  Samuel,  D.D.,  1725-1783.  graduated  at 
Harvard  College,  1743;  associate  minister  of  the  Brattle 
Street  Church,  Boston,  1746.  lie  was  one  of  the  principal 
promoters  of  the  Americon  Revolution.  He  puh.  many 
political  papers  in  tiie  journals  of  the  dny,  and  some  ser- 
mons, Ac,  1751-60.     See  Allen's  Amer.  Biog.  Diet. 

Cooper,  Samiiel,  D.D..  Rector  of  Morley  and  Yel- 
verton.  Norfolk.     Serm<ins.  1776.  '77,  '90. 

Cooper,  Samuel,  D.D.,  Minister  of  Great  Yarmouth, 
d.  1800.  Delinitions  and  Axioms  relative  to  Charity,  Cha- 
ritable Institutions,  and  the  Poor  Laws,  1764,  Svo.  Serms., 
17S2,  '86,  "89,  '90.     Letters  to  Dr.  Priestley,  1791,  Svo. 

Cooper,  Samuel,  Surgeon,  London.  Reflections  on 
tte  Cataract,  Lon.,  1805,  Svo.  First  Lines  of  the  Practice 
of  Surgery.  1807,  Svo  ;  7th  ed.,  1840,  Svo.  Dictionary  of 
Practical  Surgery,  1S09,  '13,  Svo;  7th  ed.,  1838,  Svo.  Dis- 
eases of  the  Joints,  1807,  Svo.  This  took  the  prize  nd- 
judged  by  the  Royal  College  of  Surgeons  in  1806.  Eid- 
tome  of  Modern  Surgery.  1812,  Svo.  Dr.  C.  has  also  given 
to  the  world  a  thinl  ed.  of  Dr.  Mason  Good's  Study  of 
Medicine.  Lon.,  5  vols.  Svo. 

Cooper,  Miss  Susau  Fenimore,  daughter  of  the 
distinguished  American  novelist,  has  already  (1855)  added 
to  the  family  laurels,  and  thereby  proved  that  no  Salique 
Law  exists  in  the  Republic  of  Letter.^.  Mi.^s  Cooper's  first 
publication  was  Rural  Hours,  by  a  Lady,  New  York,  1S50, 
Svo.  This  is  a  jnurnal  of  the  scenes  of  country  life,  com- 
mencing with  the  spring  of  1S4S,  and  concluding  with  the 
spring  of  1849. 

'■  The  scenery  described  so  charmingly  is  that  surrounding  her 
own  lair  home  in  Cooperstnwn  :  out  of  these  simple  matei-ials  Miss 
Cooper  has  formed  one  of  the  most  interesting  volumes  of  the  dav, 
displaying  ]»owers  of  mind  of  a  high  order." — Mrs.  H.u,e;  Wo- 
man's mecrd. 

"An  admirable  portraiture  of  American  out-door  life,  just  as  it 
is,  with  no  colouring  but  that  which  every  object  necessarily  re- 
ceives in  passing  through  a  contemplative  and  cultivated  mind. 
.  .  .  Miss  Cooper  has  an  observant  eye.  and  a  happy  faculty  of 
making  her  descriptions  interesting  by  selecting  the  light  objects, 
inste;id  of  the  too  common  method  of  extiavagant  embellishment. 
She  never  :^ets  into  ecstasit-s,  and  sees  nothing  whi^  h  anybody  else 
might  not  see  who  walked  throu;h  the  same  fields  after  her." — 
PRuFESi;OR  H\rt:  F'male  Prase  Writrrs  fifAmeric.l'^tib. 

"A  very  pleasant  book — the  result  of  the  combined  effort  of  good 
sense  and  liood  feeling,  an  observant  mind  and  a  real,  honest, 
unaffected  appreciation  of  the  countless  minor  beauties  that  Nature 
exhibits  to  her  assiduous  lovers."— --'1/i''i'>». 

It  is  no  matter  of  surprise  that  so  attractive  a  book  has 
reached  the  4th.  edition. 

Miss  Cooper  has  also  edited  Country  Rambles,  or  Jour- 
nal of  a  Naturalist  in  England,  with  Notes  and  Additions, 
New  York.  12mo. 

"Thanks  to  Miss  S.  P. Cooper,  whose  own'I^nral  Hours' show 
how  well  she  is  titted  for  the  task  she  has  undertalvpn.  .  .  .  Every 
rural  library  shnuld  have  this  book.  No  kind  nf  iiifnrmation  gives 
Puch  cert-;*in  returns  of  gratification  as  that  we  gain  by  the  study 
of  works  like  this." — New  F>r/.-  Errninfj  />».•!^ 

Miss  Cooper's  last  publication  is  entitled  Rhyme  and 
Reason  of  Country  Life;  from  Fields  old  and  new:  New 
Tork,  1S54,  Svo.  This  is  a  volume  of  "selections,  con- 
nected together  by  a  mere  thread  of  remarks." 

'■  The  lar-re  reading  and  fine  taste  of  Miss  Cooper  are  admirably 
displayed  in  her  choice  as  well  as  arrangement  of  the  (lowers  which 
go  to  make  up  her  .several  bouquets.  .  .  .  Precisely  such  a  book  as 
cultivated  persons  like  to  snatch  up  for  a  spare  hour,  durinc  the 
long  eveninirs  nf  winter,  in  the  cnuntry,  or  to  rarry  out  with  them, 
in  the  summer-time,  to  the  shade  of  a  favourite  arbour  or  tree." — 
J*ut'>'^m''s  }f<i/j(m'ne. 

We  believe  that  Miss  C.  has  ready  for  the  press  The  Shield, 
a  Narrative.  She  has  commenced  her  literary  career  under 
such  brilliant  auspices  that  we  see  not  how  she  can  be  ex- 
cused from  the  rreiiuciit  use  of  a  pen  whicii  she  knows  so 
Well  how  to  guide.    If  the  paterual  name  tirst  secured  her  a 


coo 

hearing,  it  at  the  same  time  subjected  her  coDipositions  to 
a  trying  ordeal.  Having  encountered  with  honour  so  se- 
vere a  test,  there  need  be  no  hesitation  in  the  future. 

Cooper,  Capt.  T,  H.  Practical  Guide  for  the  Light 
Infantry  Officer.  1S06,  Svo.  Military  Cabinet:  a  PoUec- 
ti«tn  of  extracts  from  the  best  authors,  ancient  and  modern, 
1809,  3  vols.  12mo. 

Cooper,  or  Couper,  Thomas,  1517?-15U4,  edu- 
cated at,  and  Fellow  of,  Miigdalen  College,  Oxford  ;  Dean 
of  Gloucester,  1569;  Bishop  of  Linc(dn,  1570:  translated 
to  Winchester,  15S4.  Bibliotheea  Eliota,  1541.  (Elyofs 
Diet,  of  Latin  and  English  was  first  pub.  in  15:;8;)  the 
second  time,  enriched,  1548-52.  fob :  third.  1559-65.  fob 
Epitome  of  Chronicles,  by  T.  Languetand  T.  Cooper,  1549, 
4to;  augmented,  1565  ;  continued,  1565,  4to.  Thesaurus 
Lingua;  Romanje  et  Britannica',  1565,  '73,  '78,  'S4,  fol. 

'■The  fnundation  was  taken  from  >^ir  Thomas  1-liofs  di.timiary, 
and  the  materials,  for  the  most  part,  fmm  liob.  Stevens  s  'thesau- 
rus, and  John  Frisius's  Lat.  and  (ierm.  Dictionary.'" — Jtlien.  Oxon. 

Cooper  does  not  pretend  that  the  work  is  an  original  one. 
It  was  a  great  favourite  with  Queen  Elizabeth,  nnd  was 
the  cause  of  Cooper's  preferments.  It  contnins  many  (juo- 
tations  of  early  Engli-sh,  and  is  undoubtedly  a  philologi- 
cal curiosity.  Brief  Expositions  of  such  chapters  of  the 
Old  Testament  as  usually  arc  read  in  the  Church  at  Com- 
mun  Prayer,  on  the  Sundnys  throughout  the  year.  157.'5, 
4to.  Serm.,  1575.  12  Serms.,  1580,  4to.  An  Admoni- 
tion  to  the  People  of  England,  15S9,  4to.  This  is  an  an- 
swer to  John  ap  Henry's  books  against  the  Church  of 
England,  pub.  under  tlio  name  of  Martin  Mar-Prelate. 
Bishop  Cooper's  admonition  elicited  two  "  ludicmus  pam- 
phlels,"  entitled.  Ha*  ye  any  work  for  a  Cooper?  and  More 
work  for  a  Cooper.  An  Answer  in  defence  of  the  Truth 
against  the  apology  of  private  Mass.  1562,  12nio,  anon. 
There  is  some  doubt  as  to  the  authorship  of  this  treatise. 
See  Bliss's  Wood's  Athen.  Oxmh.  It  was  iu  1850  edited 
for  the  Parker  Society  by  the  Rev.  W.  Go.idc,  Canib.,  Svo. 
Cooper  was  less  happy  in  his  domestic  relations  than  his 
merits  deserved. 

"  A  man  of  great  gravity,  learning,  and  holiness  of  life." — ■ 
Godwin'. 

"  A  very  learned  man  :  eloquent,  and  well  acquainted  with  the 
English  and  Latin  languages."' — Balk. 

"  He  was  furnished  with  all  kind  of  leaminfr.  almost  beyond  all 
his  contemporaiies:  and  not  only  adorned  the  pul|iit  with  bis  ser- 
mons, but  also  the  commonwealth  of  learnini^  with  his  wiiiins^s." 
. — Wood. 

*'0f  him  J  can  say  much,  and  T  shnuld  do  him  great  wrong  if 
I  s;nd  nothing:  for  he  was  indeed  a  reverend  man,  very  well 
learned,  exceedinsr  industrious:  and,  which  was  in  Ih- se  days 
counted  a  sreat  praise  to  him,  and  a  chief  eauseof  his  preferment, 
he  wrote  that  great  dictionary  that  yet  bears  his  name." — Siu  John 

IlARRIMlTOJf. 

There  was  a  story  current  that  his  wife,  fearing  lest  he 
should  kill  himself  with  study,  burnt  nil  the  notes  which 
her  husbnnd  had  for  eight  years  been  industriouj-ly  etdlcct- 
ing  for  the  compilation  of  his  dictionary.  But.  his  wife 
gave  palpable  evidence  that  she  cared  very  little  either  for 
her  husband's  comfort  or  rejtutation. 

Cooper,  Thomas.  Nona  Novembris.  Ac,  Oxf.,  1607, 
4to.  R.imish  Spider,  1606,  4to.  Worldling's  Adventure, 
1610,  4to.     Oihcr  wnrks. 

Cooper,  Thomas,  Pcliiicnl  treatises.  Ac..  1794-1806. 

Cooper,  Thomas,  M.D..  LL.D..  1759-1S40,  a  native 
of  Londi>n,  educated  at  Oxford,  emigrated  to  Pennsylvania, 
and  was  appointed  president-judge  of  a  judir'al  district 
by  Governor  McKean.  He  was  subsequently  Prnfcf^sor  of 
Chemistry,  first  in  Dickinson  College.  Cfirli^Ie.  2d!y  in  the 
University  of  Pennsyivanin,  ?,(\\y  at  Columbia  CoHege, 
South  Carolina.  He  afterwards  became  Prc-^iilcnt  of  the 
last-named  institution.  The  Bankrupt  Law  of  America 
compared  with  the  Bankrupt  Law  of  En.:land,  Pbihi., 
ISOl,  Svo.  An  English  VerMon  of  the  Institutes  of  Justi- 
nian. Phila..  1812.  Svo;  New  York.  ISM.  Sv.. ;  :Ul  ed., 
Phila.,  1S52.  He  contrasts  the  Roman  Jurisprndeni  e  with 
that  of  the  United  States.  Tracts  on  Mc'i.  al  Jnri.-piu- 
dencc.  Phila.,  1819,  Svo.  Opinion  of  Judge  Cot.pi  r  in  tho 
case  of  Pempsey  r.  The  Insurance  Co.  of  Penn.-ylvania, 
on  the  Eflect  of  a  sentence  of  a  Foreign  Court  of  Admi- 
ralty;  pub.  by  A.  J.  Dallns,  Phila.,  1810.  Svo. 

''  i  would  recommend  every  Amerir-an  student  to  read  this  opi- 
nion of  Judir<^  Cooper's;  not  so  much  for  the  reasoning  and  ideas, 
as  f!jr  the  analysis  and  systematic  comprehension  of  the  subject. 
It  is  a  model  that  deserves  to  be  admired.'" — Judge  BRAtKLMtiDCE: 
Miscellavies.  f}'lh\  Note. 

"Tt  is  perhaps  one  of  the  ablest,  most  comprehensive,  and  per- 
spicuous arfiuments  that  has  appeared  nn  that  dif^mlt  and  lii'^My 
important  question,  the  effect  of  a  sentence  of  a  fon-i/n  court  of 
Admiralty  as  evidence  in  domestic  suits.  Both  in  KnHand  and 
this  country,  tht^  question  has  been  very  freiiUi*nflv  a-ji*;i*>  d.  and 
not  less  frequently,  variously,  and  confusedly  decided." — H"ffinait's 
1  Legal  Htudy,  472. 

427 


coo 


Lectures  on  the  Elements  of  Political  Economy,  Colum- 
I.ia,  2d  ed.,  1829,  8vo.  . 

"This  work,  thoujlh  not  written  in  a  vei-y  philosophical  spirit, 
is  the  l>est  of  the  American  worlis  on  political  economy  that  we 
liave  ever  met  with."— McCdlioch  :  Lit.  nf  P.Jil.  Ecrmmiii/. 

Dr.  Cooper's  infirmities  obliged  him  to  resign  the  presi- 
dency of  C  ilumbia  College,  and  he  devoted  his  last  years, 
in  conjunction  with  Mr.  D.  McCord,  to  a  revision  of  the 
statutes  of  South  Carolina.  These  were  pub.  in  10  vols. 
8vo,  Columbia,  1836-41.  Besides  the  works  mentiouc.l, 
Dr.  Cooper  pub.  the  Emporium  of  Arts,  trans,  from  the 
French,  and  many  pamphlets  on  politics,  physics,  ami 
theology.  Few  men  have  led  so  active  a  life,  and  still 
fewer  have  exhibited  so  great  a  variety  of  talents. 

Cooper,  Thomas,  the  Chartist.  The  Baron's  Yule 
Feast:  a  Cliristmas  Rhyme.  Lon.,  lS4(i,  12mo.  The  Pur- 
gatory of  Suicides;  a  Prison  Khyme,  3d  ed.,  lS5:i,  12mo. 
Wise  Saws  and  Modern  Instances  :  a  Series  of  Short  Tales, 
1845,  2  vols.  p.  Svo.  Two  Orations  against  Taking  away 
Human  Life,  p.  Svo. 

"  Mr.  Cooper's  style  is  intensely  clear  and  forcilile.  and  displays 
great  tainestness  and  tine  humrni  sympathy :  it  is  in  tiie  highest 
degree  manly,  plain,  and  vigorous." — Lmi.  Morn.  Adcerliarr. 

Cooper,  yV.  White.  Invalid's  Guide  to  Madeira, 
Lon..  1840.  12mo.  On  Near  Sight,  Aged  Sight,  and  Im- 
paired Vision.  1846,  p.  8vo. 

"Truly  practical  and  consequently  truly  valu.al4e,  we  recom- 
mend this  volume  to  all  eyes." — Z>m.  Liln-unj  Ga:Mr. 

Cooper,  William,  Bishop  of  Galloway.  Dikaioltigi; 
containing  a  just  defence  of  his  former  apology  against 
David  Hume,  Lon.,  1614,  4to. 

Cooper,  William.     Serm..  Lon.,  1619.  4to. 
Cooper,  William.     Serins.,  Lon.,  I(i6:i,  '76.  '77. 
Cooper,  William.     Ciit;ilo,gue  of  Chymicall  Books, 
Lon.,  1675,  12ino.     Other  publications. 

Cooper,William,  D.D.,  Archbishopof  York.  Sernis., 
Ac..  1763-79.  Discourses,  1786,  2  vols.  8vo.  Address,  1788. 
Phil.  Trans.,  1784;  of  a  remarkable  meteor. 

Cooper,  William,  d.  1743.  aged  49.  a  minister  of 
Boston.  Massachusetts,  was  in  1737  elected  President  of 
Harvard  College,  but  declined  the  trust.  He  pub.  a  number 
of  serms.,  1714-41.  The  Doctrine  of  Predestination  unto 
Life  explained  and  vindicated  in  4  serms.,  1741 ;  and  Lon., 
1765,  12mo. 
*'  A  c.mdid  and  practical  view  of  this  doctrine." — Pickeksteth. 
Cooper,  William,  D.D.,  Archdeacon  of  York.  Dis- 
courses, Lon..  179.1.  2  vols.  Svo. 

Cooper,  William,  M.D.  Med.  Obs.  and  Inq.,  1770. 
Phil.  Trans..  1775. 

Coore,  Richard,  D.D..  d.  16S7.  Practical  Exposi- 
tion of  the  more  difficult  Texts  that  are  contained  in  the 
Holy  Bible,  Lon.,  lfiS3,  8vo. 

"The  drnams  in  Daniel  and  the  visions  of  all  the  Prophets, and 
the  two  mystical  1  on!,s  of  the  Canticles  and  the  Kevelation  are  all 
clearly  op.'iied." — -lu'/c/r's  J^rf. 

Coortresse,  Richard,  Bishop  of  Chichester.  A 
Serm.  before  the  Queone's  Mnjestie,  Lon.,  1573,  Svo. 

Coote,  Charles,  LL.D.,  of  Pembroke  College,  Oxford. 
Graii  Elegaia,  A-c.  Lon.,  1794,  4to.  Hist,  of  England  to 
1783,  1791-98,  9  vcds.  Svo.  Cont.  of  the  Peace  of  Amiens, 
1803,  Svo.  English  Grammar,  and  a  hist,  of  the  language, 
17S8,  Svo.  Life  of  Csesar,  1802.  Svo.  Hist,  of  the  Union.  I 
1802,  Svo.  Hist,  of  Modern  Europe,  ISIO;  continued  to 
1815,  1S17,  Svo.  Mosheim's  Eccl.  Hist,  by  Maclaine, 
brought  down  to  the  ISth  century.  ISll,  6  vols.  Svo.  Hist. 
of  Ancient  Europe.  1815.  3  vols'  Svo.  This  was  intended 
to  accompany  Dr.  Wm.  Russell's  Hist,  of  Modern  Europe, 
Lon..  1779,  2  vols.  Svo. 

Coote,  Sir  Charles,  Earl  of  Montrnth,  Governor  of 
Dublin,  d.  1661.  Declarations,  Dubl.,  1659;  Lon.,  16C0, 
4to.  His  Victory,  Lon.,  1649,  4to.  Transactions  with  0. 
R.  O'Neal,  Lon.,"  1649,  4to. 

Coote,  Chilly.     Ireland's  L.imentations,  Lon.,  1664. 
Coote,  Edward.     English  Schoolmaster,  Lon..  1627. 
Coote,  H.  J.     The  Homologies  of  the  Human  Skele- 
ton. Lcin.,  18)9.  Svo. 

Coote,  J.  Jlcmoirof  Princess  Charlotte,  etc.,  ISIS. Svo. 

Coote,  R.  II.     An  Analysis,  armngcd  to  serve  also 

as  a  compendious  digested  Index  to  Mr.  Fearnc's  Essay  on 

Contingent   Remainders  and   Executory  Devises,  and  of 

Mr.  Butler's  Notes,  Lon.,  1814,  Svo. 

"  Every  topic  to  he  found  in  the  text  and  notes  is  concisely 
abridired  by  Mr.  Coote.  and  the  whole  is  alphahetically  arraii'^ed. 
This  small  volume  should  ever  he  in  view  whilst  the  student  is 
enpa^ed  with  the  threat  t.riL'inal."— ff  :,^*'((/n's  L^g'l  St'ithf,  2U. 

Treatise  on  the  Law  of  Landlord  and  Tenant.  L(ui.,  1840, 
Svo.  Treatise  on  the  Law  of  Mortgage,  with  an  .Appendix 
of  Precedents,  Lon.,  1822.  Svo.  The  3d  ed.  of  this  valuable 
work,  by  the  original  author  and  Richard  Coote,  Esq.,  was 


COP 

pub.  Lon.,  1S50,  r.  Svo.  An  American  ed.  (the  third) 
founded  on  the  3d  Lon.  ed.,  is  now  (1868)  in  the  press  of 
the  enterprising  and  well-known  publishers,  T.  and  J.  "W. 
Johnson,  of  Philadelphia.  It  is  edited  by  Judge  Sharswood, 
whose  name  is  sufficiently  known  to  the  profession  to  render 
any  comments  useless.  The  Practice  of  the  Ecclesiastical 
Courts,  with  Fcunis  and  Tables  of  Costs,  Lon.,  1846,  Svo. 
"  Kcclesiastical  Piacticeisnow  forthet.rst  time  made  the  subject 
of  a  formal  and  elaborate  treatise,  audit  has  remained  for  Mr.  Coote, 
by  a  comliioation  of  industry  and  experience,  to  give  to  the  pro- 
fe.ssion  a  work  which  has  long  been  wanted,  but  which  so  few  are 
competent  to  supply." — Lin-  Law  Timn. 

Coote,  Richard,  Earl  of  Bellamont.  Articles  of 
agreement  between  him,  E.  Livingston,  and  Capt.  W.  M. 
Kidd,  fol. 

Coote, Hon. Robt.  Compleat  Marksman;  Poem, 1755. 

Cope.     Hist,  of  the  East  Indies.  Lon.,  1754,  Svo. 

Cope,  Alan,  .an  English  R.  Catholic,  d.  about  1580. 

Historia  Evangclicic  Veritas,  Lon..  1672  ;  Doway,  16U3,4to. 

*'This  is  a  lutul  of  Ilatmonv  of  the  tn.siiels.  or  rather  a  digest 

of  the  Life  of  Christ,  in  the  woids  of  the  livangelists.  .  .  .  Crow 

speaks  of  Cope  as  'eximii  ingeuii  vir."— OnMt::  BiU.  B,b.  ^ 

Cope  also  pub.  Dialogi  sex  contra  Sumiui  Pontificatua 
Momistica;  Vitae,  Ac,  Antw.,  15C6,  4to.  This  work  was 
written  by  Nic.  Harpesfield. 

"  Whii  h  honk  Vieing  put  into  the  hands  of  his  friend  AI,an  Cope, 
he  put  it  out  under  his  name,  lest  danger  should  befall  the  author 
in  ]>ersiui."— ^r'"-'H.  Ox^n. 

Cope,  Sir  Anthony.  Historic  of  Anniball  and  Sci- 
pio,  Liin..  1514.  4to.  Godly  Meditacion  vpon  XX.  Psalmes 
of  Dawid,  1517,  4to  ;  a  new  ed.  with  Biog.  Pref.  and  Notes, 
by  G.  W.  II.  Cope,  1848,  Svo. 

"  He  went  into  France,  Germany.  Italy,  and  elsewhere;  in  which 
places  visiting  the  univer.sifies.  and  ji'ining  his  company  to  the 
most  learned  men  of  them,  became  an  accomplished  gentleman, 
wrote  several  things  beyond  the  seas,  as  well  as  at  home." — AUten. 
0x1  m. 

Cope,  Henry.  Demonsfratio  Medico-Practiea  Prog- 
nostimm  llip]p(icratis.  Dubl.,  1736,  Svo. 

Cope,  Henry.     Scrutiny  alter  Religion,  1620,  Svo. 
Cope,.)olin.     An  ancient  date  at  Widgel-Hall;  Phil. 
Trans.,  1735. 

Cope,  Sir  .lohn.     Report  on  his  conduct.  1749,  4to. 
Cope,  Michael.     Expi>sition  on  Proverbs,  in  French, 
Geneve,  1557;  trans,  into  English  by  Marcelline  Outrerd, 
16S9,  4to. 

"Jlany  deep  and  .striking  thouihts."— Bickersteth. 
Exp.  snr  le  Livro  de  TEcclesiaste,  Genev.,  1563,  Svo. 
"  I  lind.  .^lichael  Cope  to  have  been  a  zealous  Calvinist  at  Geneva 
and  other  places,  a  frequent  preacher  in  the  French  tongue,  and 
author  ill  the  I'reiirli  l.-iiigua-e."— vlf^i'Vj.  Oxon. 

CopclanU,  John.     Arithmetic,  Lon.,  1713,  12mo. 

Copeland,  Thomas.  Medical  treatises,  Lon.,  1810, 
'12,  '18. 

Copeman,  E.     Cases  of  Apoplexy,  Lon.,  1S45,  8to. 

Copinger,  Manricc.     Excise  Laws,  1799,  4to. 

Copland,  Alexander,  Advocate.  Mortal  Life,  and 
the  State  of  the  Soul  after  Death,  Ac. ;  2d  ed.,Lon..l834,Svo. 

'•  This  work  gives  us  all  that  can  be  known  of  the  subject  w  hich  it 
treats,  and  a  great  deal  which  can  only  be  conjectured." — Low  ndes. 

Copland,  James,  M.D.  Pestilential  Cholera,  Lon., 
12mo.  Pal.sy  and  Apoplexy,  1S50,  p.  Svo.  Dictionary  of 
Practical  Medicine,  Library  of  Pathidogy,  and  Digest  of 
Medical  Literature,  1S33-58,  3  vols.  Svo.  This  invaluable 
work  should  be  in  the  possession  of  every  medical  man, 
and  in  every  pulilic  library.  From  the  many  commenda- 
tions before  us.  we  have  room  but  for  a  few  lines  from  two 
or  three  eminent  authorities  : 

■MVe  feel  it  a  great  duty  to  record  our  opinion  that,  as  there  is 
no  medical  practitioner  iii  this  c(>untry.  old  or  young,  high  or  low, 
who  will  not  derive  gre,at  pleasure  and  great  profit  by  consulting 
Dr.  Copland's  Dictionary,  so  we  think  there  is  no  one  who  should 
not  add  the  work  to  his'libiary."— ifri^  f'wrf  Fur.  ikd.  Kcview. 

"The  labour  is  immense,  and  will  stamp  the  author  as  a  man  of 
great  research,  unusual  industry,  and  sound  judgment.'' — Lrrn. 
Meilicn-Cln'r.  I>'fn'nu. 

"  It  is  the  prodU'-tion  of  a  physician  profoundly  acquainted  with 
the  medical  literature  ofall  countries. and  one  practically  acquainted 
with  the  immense  class  of  diseases  usually  consigned  to  that  order 
of  the  profession  to  which  he  belongs." — Lon.  Medical  and  Surgical 
Journal. 

Copland,  Patrick.  Virginia's  God  be  thanked;  a 
Thanksgiving  Serm.,  with  some  Epistles  by  Peter  Pope,  an 
Indian  Voiilli,  L'Oi.,  1622,  4to. 

Copland,  l»cter.  Con.  to  Med.  Com.  Facts  and  Me- 
moirs, Lon..  1791.  '93.  '99,  and  1805. 

Copland,  Robert,  a  printer,  Ac,  d.  about  154S?  Hye 
Way  to  the  Spvttel  House,  Lon..  4to;  reprinted  in  Utter- 
son's  Pieces  of  early  Popular  Poetry,  vol.  ii.  lyl  of  Braunt- 
ford's  Testament,  newly  compiled,  4to.  Copland  was  author 
of  some  other  i>ieces.  and  trans,  from  the  French.  See 
Watt's  Bibl.  Brit.;  AVarton's  Eug.  Poet.;  Athen.  Oxon.; 
llitson's  Bibl.  Poet. 


COP 


COR 


Copland,  Robert,  The  Qucstionary  of  Chyrurgions; 
with  the  Formulery  of  Uttl  Guido  in  Chyrurgirie,  with 
the  Spectacles  of  Cbyrurgiens  newly  adtled,  and  the  fourth 
book  of  the  Terapeulycke,  or  Metbod  Curative  of  Claud. 
Galyen,  Prince  of  Physicians,  with  a  singular  Treatise  of 
the  cure  of  Ulcer?,  Lon.,  1541,  4to. 

Coi)lau(I,  Samuel,  D.D.     Christian  Character,  17S5. 

Copland,  Samuel.  Hist,  of  Madagascar,  Lou.,  1S21, 
8vo. 

Copleston,  Edward,  D.B.,  1776-1849,  a  native  of 
Offwell,  Dcvitn,  elected  scholar  at  Corpus  Christi  College, 
Oxford.  1791;  chosen  Fellow  of  Oriel  College,  1795;  Col- 
lege tutor.  1797;  Prof,  of  Poetry,  1802;  Proctor.  1S07; 
Provost  of  Oriel.  ISU;  Dean  of  Chester,  1S26;  Bishop  of 
Llandafl"  and  Dean  of  St.  Paul's,  1S27.  Letter  to  John 
Coker.  ISIO.  Enquiry  into  the  doctrines  of  Xeeessity  and 
Predestination ;  4  discourses,  Lon.,  1S21.  Svo.  See  Review 
in  Quart.  Rev.,  xxvi.  82.  See  a  list  of  Bishop  C.'s  other 
serms.,  speeches,  &c.  in  Darling's  Cyc.  Bibl.  The  follow- 
ing work  conferred  great  reputation  upon  the  author :  Pra?- 
lectiones  Academicas  Oxonii  habitse,  1813,  Svo,  and  1828, 
Svo,  Oxonii. 

'■The  eleiiant  and  masterly  Pra?lectiones  of  Mr.  Copleston,  de- 
livered iiy  him  as  Professor  of  Poetry  at  Oxford,  are.  we  presume, 
ab-eady  in  the  hands  of  our  readers." — Muscuin  Criticum. 

Copleston,  John.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1661,  4to. 

Copley, Anthony,  A  Fig  for  Fortune.  Recta  securas, 
Lon.,  loUl).  4to.  Trans,  of  the  prose  porli<in  of  Wits, 
Fittes,  and  Fancies,  1595,  4to.  See  Lowndes's  Bibl.  Man., 
iv.  1966. 

Copley,  Esther,  late  Mrs.  Hewlett,  one  of  the  most 
useful  writers  of  the  present  century.  AVc  notice  a  few  of 
her  many  excellent  works.  Scripture  Hist,  for  Youth,  Lon., 
1829.  2  vols.  16mo. 

"  The  plan  and  executinn  of  this  work  are  both  biirhly  creditable 
to  the  piety,  talents,  research,  and  taste  of  the  esteemed  author." 
^Lon.  Ev'i/igi-h'c'il  Miff. 

Scripture  Nat.  Hist,  for  Youth.  1S2S,  2  vols.  Svo.  Scrip- 
ture Biography,  1S35,  Svo.    Early  Friendships,  1S40,  ISmo. 

*•  It  is  aJfr;n;Iively  wi-itten,  and  full  of  interest." — fhm.  Jidr. 
Little  Harry  and  his  Uncle  Benjamin,  IS  II,  16mo.     Hist. 
of  Slavery  and  its  Abolition;  2d  ed.,  1S;>0,  Svo. 

"The  best  compendium  with  which  we  are  acquainted." — Lon. 
Chr'isti'in  Guardian. 

Copley,  J.  S.     Borough  of  Horsham,  ISOS,  Svo. 

Copley,  John.     Observ.  on  Religion,  Lon.,  ICll,  4to. 

Copley,  Josiah*  Thoughts  of  Favoured  Hours, 
Phila.,  1858,  l8mo. 

Coppe,  Abiezer.  Flying  Roll,  Ac,  Lon.,  1G46,*49,  '51. 

Coppee,  Henry,  b.  in  Savannah,  Georgia,  Oct.  lo, 
1821 ;  grad.  at  West  Point  in  1845,  and  served  through 
the  Mexican  War  as  a  lieutenant  of  artillery;  at  its  close, 
breveted  a  captain  and  sent  as  an  instructor  to  the  Military 
Academy;  remained  on  that  duty  until  1855;  was  then 
appointed  Prof.  English  Literature  and  History  in  the 
University  of  Pcnna.,  in  the  place  of  Prof.  Henry  Reed. 
Elements  of  Logic,  Phila.,  1857.  Elements  of  Rhetoric, 
1S58.  Edited  Gallery  of  Famous  English  and  American 
Poets,  with  an  Introductory  Essay,  Phila.,  1S5S,  Svo.  Con- 
trib.  artitdes  in  prose  and  verse  to  various  periodicals,  Ac. 

Coppin,  Richard,  Theolog.  treatises,  Lon.,  1649, 
'53.  '54,  -bb. 

Copping,  John,  Dean  of  Clogher.  Sermon,  Lon., 
1740,  4tn. 

Coppinsr^  Thomas.     Fast  Serm.,  1702,  4to. 

Coppinger,  31at.  Poems,  Songs,  and  Love-Verses, 
Lon.,  1GS2.  12mo.     Reed  s.ile,  6600,  £6  Gs. 

Coppinger,  Sir  Nath.  A  Speech  for  the  bringing 
in  of  the  Archbishop  of  Canterbury  to  his  Long-Expected 
Trial.  Lou..  1641.  4to. 

Copway,  George,  (Kahgegwagehow,)  Indian 
of  the  Ojibway  nation,  b.  August,  1820,  in  Michigan;  for 
many  years  connected  with  the  press  of  New  York  Cityj 
has  lectured  extensively  throughout  Europe  and  America. 
1.  Recollections  of  a  Forest  Life,  1S47,  2.  Traditional 
History  of  the  Ojibway  Nation,  1850.  ?,.  Ojibway  Con- 
quest; a  Poem,  [curious,]  1850.  4.  Running  Sketches  of 
Men  and  Places  in  Europe,  1851.  5.  Copway's  American 
Indian. 

Corbet,  Edward.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1642,  4to. 

Corbet,  Jeft'ray.    Protestant's  Warning  Pieces,  1656. 

Corbet,  John,  of  Bonvl.  Scotland.  Ungirdling  of 
the  Scottish  Armour.  Dubl.,'l639.  4to. 

Corbet,  John,  1G20-16S0,  educated  at  Magdalen  Hall. 
Oxford,  obtained  the  living  of  Bramshot,  Hampshire ; 
ejected  for  Nonconformity,  1662.  Hist.  Relation  of  the 
Milt.  Government  of  Gloucester,  Lon.,  1645,  4to.  Vindi- 
cation of  the  Magistrates  and  Ministers  of  Gloucester,  1646, 


4to.  Self-Employment  in  Secret,  16S1,  12mo.  Remains, 
1684,  4to.     Other  works.     See  Athen.  Oxon. 

Corbet, John,  beheaded  in  the  Irish  Rebellion.  Epistle 
Congratuhitorie  to  the  Covenanters  in  Scotland.  1640.  4to. 

Corbet, John,  English  Grammar.  Shrew.,  1784, 12mo. 

Corbet,  Miles.     Speech  in  H.  of  Commons.  1647,  foL 

Corbet,Richard,D.D.,1582-16;i5.  educated  at  Broad- 
gate's  Hall  and  Christ  Church.  Oxford,  Bean  of  Christ 
Church.  1627;  Bishop  of  Oxford,  1629;  translated  to  Nor- 
wich, 1632.  Journey  to  France;  a  Poem.  Oratio-Oxon., 
1613, 4to.  Certain  elegant  Poems.  Lon.,  1647,12mo.  Poetical 
Stromata,  or  Pieces  in  Poetry,  1648,  '72,  Svo.  Fourth  ed. 
of  his  Poems,  with  addits.  and  Life  by  Octavius  Gilchrist, 
1809,  12mo.  Of  Corbet's  Poems  the  Journey  into  France, 
an  amusing  sketch,  is 

*■  Remarkable  for  eiving;  some  traits  of  the  French  character  that 
are  Tisible  iu  the  present  day." 

The  Farewell  to  the  Fairies  also  possesses  much  humour. 
See  Aubrey's  Letters;  Life  by  Gilchrist;  Athen.  Oxon. 

Corbet,  Roger,     Letter  from  Court,  Lon.,  1647,  4to, 

Corbet,  Thomas.     Gospel  Incense,  1653,  12mo. 

Corbett,  Misses.  The  New  Happy  Week;  or,  Holi- 
days at  Beechwood,  Lon. 

"Thf  convt-rs.itious  ave  natural,  animated,  and  sparkling  with 
good  humour  and  agreeable  plt-apantry." — Ediii.  Even.  Fo.st. 

The  Happy  AVeek;  or,  Holidays  at  Beechwood,  3d  ed. 

"The  Happy  "Week  will  be  read  with  avidity  by  those  of  our 
youn^  fi-iends  who  may  be  so  fortunate  as  to  obtain  possi'ssioD  of 
it.  The  *  Large  Nose"  is  capit.al.  The  contents  of  the  book  are  agree- 
ably varied." — Cliridian  Advocate. 

Lessons  for  the  Heart,  selected  from  the  best  Examples 
for  the  Improvement  of  Young  Persons. 

"  We  have  been  delighted  with  this  volume,  and  consider  it  a 
very  valu-ible  addition  to  the  list  of  books  designed  for  the  in- 
struction of  the  young.  A  safer,  or  more  useful,  or  more  entertain- 
ing little  work  could  scarcely  be  put  into  their  hands." — Christian 
Instiitclor. 

Elucidations  of  Interesting  Passages  in  the  Sacred  Vo- 
lume, drawn  from  the  Works  of  the  most  celebrated  Coni- 
mentator.s  and  Travellers,     First  and  Second  Series. 

'•  We  assure  parents,  guardians,  and  teachers,  that  they  cannot 
do  a  better  service  to  the  education  of  the  young,  than  put  into 
the  hands  of  those  under  their  charge  these  deserving  volumes." 
— Srndish  Guardian. 

The  Cabinet  for  Youth,  containing  Narratives,  Sketches, 
and  Anecdotes,  for  the  Instruction  and  Amusement  of  the 
Young,  3d  edition. 

'•  The  book  is  a  good  one.  and  will  be  a  popular  one,  or  we  err 
greatly  in  our  eslim.ite  of  what  young  folks  like  to  read,  and  what 
their  guardians  think  it  advisable  to  purchase  for  them." — Ediii' 
hurgh  Oh.errer. 

Corbett,  31.  de*  Oriental  Key  to  the  Sacred  Scrip- 
tures, as  they  arc  illustrated  by  the  Rites,  &c.  of  Eastern 
Nations.  Lon.,  18."17,  18mo. 

Corbett,  Thomas.  An  Inquiry  relative  to  the 
Wealth  of  Individuals,  Lon.,  1841.  ]2mo. 

'•  It  deserves  the  attentive  perusal  of  the  commercial  world."— 
Lon.  Ni'w  MrmOilii  Mag. 

Corbett,  Uvedale.  Inquiry  into  the  Election  Lawi», 
Lon.,  1816,  Svo.  U.  C.  and  E.'R.  Dauiell:  Reports  of 
Controversial  Elections.  1821,  8vo. 

Corboultl,  Edward.  Aristoraenes  :  a  Grecian  Tale, 
with  Illustrations,  Lon.,  2  vols.  Svo. 

'•In  these  two  handsome  volumes  we  find  considerable  power 
of  writing." — Lon.  Literary  G^tzctie. 

"  The  whole  effusion  bears  the  very  spirit  of  classical  antiquity." 
— Lfm.  Muuihly  A<h'erti^er. 

Corbyn,  Benjamin.     Sermon. 

Corbyn,  Samnel.     To  the  Unconverted,  1677,  Svo. 

Corbyn,  Samuel.     Sermon,  Lon.,  1765,  Svo. 

Corder,  Susannah.  Life  of  Elizabeth  Fry.  This 
work  has  been  highly  commended. 

Corderoy,  Jeremy.  Theol.  treat.,  Lon.,  1604, '08,  Svo. 

Cordiuer,  Charles.  Antiquities  and  Scenery  of  the 
North  of  Scotland,  Lon.,  1780,  4to. 

'•An  intelligent  and  very  amusing  work,  designed  as  a  supple- 
ment to  Pennant's  Scottish  Tour."— LoviNDis. 

Remarkable  Ruins  and  Romantic  Prospects  of  North 
Britain,  -with  Ancient  Monuments  and  Singular  Subjects 
of  Natural  History.  Lon.,  1788-95.  2  vols.  4to. 

Cordiner,  James.  Description  of  Ceylon,  Lon., 
1S07,  2  vols.  4to. 

"  Mr.  Cordiner  made  the  tonr  of  the  -svhole  sea-co.ist  of  the  island, 
a  journey  of  nearly  SOU  miles.  lie  states  many  valuable  facts ;  liia 
two  volumes  contain  a  great  deal  of  curious  matter." — Lon.  Qua>t. 
Jieview. 

Cordwell,  J.     New  System  of  Physic,  1668-70,  Svo. 
Core,  Francis.    Treatise  on  Witches,  Lon.,  1564.  Svo. 
Corfe,  Joseph.     Treatise  on  Singing,  Lon.,  1791,  foL 
Coriat,  Jun.     See  Coryate. 
Coriat,  Thomas.     See  Coryate. 
Corker,  Edward.    His  Case,  foL 


COR 


Corker,  James,  is  supposed  to  hn.va  written  the 
treatise  cntitleil,  Roman  Catliolie  Principles  in  reference 
to  Gorl  and  the  king,  1680,  which  was  referred  to  by  Lord 
Stafford  on  his  trial  in  vindication  of  his  faith.  A  new 
edit,  was  pub.  by  Rev.  John  Kirk,  1815,  8vo. 

"  It  is  a  clear  and  accurate  exposition  of  the  Kom.in  t'ajoo'"^ 
Creed  on  some  of  its  most  important  principles,  and  has  all  tnc 
authority  that  such  a  document  can  receive  from  time  and  unj- 
versal  assent."— Charles  Butler.  ,  .,     ^.  .    •       ■    „.;.i 

'•  In  perusine  the  Principles.  Dr.  Leland,  the  historian,  is  s.Tid 
to  have  declared,  that,  if  such  were  the  principles  of  Roman  Catho- 
lics, no  government  had  any  risht  to  quarrel  with  them.  bee 
Charles  Butlers  Memoirs  respect,  the  En-lish,  Irish,  and  fecottisn 
Catholics.  1819:  ii.  40,  345-353. 

Corker,  Samuel.     Funl.  Serm.,  Dubl.,  1695,  4to. 
Cormack,  John.     Lives  of  Philosophers  ;  trans,  from 
Fonelon,  Lon.,  1803,  2  vols.  12mo.     Fem.ale  Infanticide  in 
Guezerat,  1815,  Svo.     Sermon,  Edin.,  1810. 

Cormiek,  C.  M.  Hist,  of  England,  from  the  Death 
of  George  XL  to  the  Peace  of  1783,  Lon.,  3  vols   12iiio 

Cormouls,  Thomas.  Eversion;  or  the  Refutation 
of  the  present  Principles  of  Mundane  Philosophy,  Wol- 
verh.,  1804,  Svo.  , 

Corncob,  Jonathan,  Loyal  American  Refugee,  The 
Adventures  of,  Lon.,  1787,  12nio.  ,,.,,,     ,,,,,. 

-The  piotolvpe  of  the  IMIs  and  Tmllorei.  who,  as  the  Month  > 
Keview  says,  •'thou-ht  that  his  ridicule  of  the  JonaUmm  would 
render  his  work  the  more  acceptable  in  England.' "-Rice  i  B,b. 
Amcr.  Kifva. 

Cornelius,  Lucins.  Do  Monarchia  Jesuitarum, 
Lon.,  1648,  '65, '80,  8vo. 

Cornelius,  Peter.  A  Way  to  make  the  Poor,  in  these 
and  other  Nntions,  happy,  Lon.,  1659,  4to  Surely  so  phi- 
lanthropic a  proposal  demands, a  respectful  consideration  : 
Cornell,  Ebenezer.  Sermon.  Lon.,  1756,  8vo. 
Cornell,  S.  S.,  Corresponding  Member  of  the  Ame- 
rican Geographical  and  Statistical  Society.  Author  of  a 
series  of  popular  School  Geographies. 

Cornell,  Kev.  Wm.  Mason,  M.D.,  b.  1802,  Massa- 
chusetts, gra.l.  at  Brown  Univ.,  1827.  Grainmar  of  the 
Encrlish  Language.  Consumption  Prevented,  8th  edition. 
Consumption  Forestalled  and  prevented.  Sabbath  made 
for  Man.  Treatise  on  Epilepsy.  Contributed  largely  to 
the  various  medical  and  educational  journals. 

Corner,  Julia,  may  be  styled,  without  compliment, 
one  of  the  most  useful  writers  of  the  age.  Of  her  many 
valuable  works,  we  notice  :  Questions  on  tlie  Hist,  of  liu- 
rope;  a  Sequel  to  Miss  Mangnalfs  Hist.  Questions;  new 
ed.,  Lou.,  1847,  12nio.  „      .     • 

"Miss  Corner  is  a  worthy  successor  to  Miss  Manpiall.  An  im- 
mense quantity  of  matter  is  condensed  in  these  pages.  —Urn.  L,u. 

''"children's  Sunday  Books,  1860-52.     Hist,  of  China  and 
India.     The  Historical  Library,  1840-48,  14  vols.  12mo. 

"Wo  know  of  no  works  better  suited  for  youth,  or  the  careful 
perusal  of  which  is  likely  to  be  attended  with  m.a-e  lasting  laiprcs- 
?ions,  than  Miss  Corner's  Hist.  Library. '--ion.  OmservaUveJoiu 

"  Aliss  Corner  writes  intelligibly  and  Hucutly,  with  much  easy 
end  winning  grace."— ioji.  Mig.  of  Arts  and  Scimts. 

We  have  perhaps  20  or  30  such  commendations  before  us. 
Corney,  Bolton.  New  Curiosities  of  Literature,  in 
Dlustration  of  D'Israeli.  Lon.,  1838,  p.  Svo :  and  a  2d  ed. 
"Ce  livre  est  nne  vive  critique  des  Curiositcs  rtc  la  bitterature, 
recueil  d'anecdot*s  et  de  remarques  bihlio-r.ipliiquys  fort  .epandu 
en  Aneleterre  .  .  .  M.  Dolton  Corney  a  dc,;a  piiMie  uu  C-cnt  fort 
hidMeux  sur  la  Tapiss.ii..  dc  I>,ayeux."-.f...rm.;  Jcs  Havants.  _ 
■'••  These  illustratiM,^  a,,-  bv  tu-  the  best  specimens  of  hrstoncal 
and  bibliographical  rrilirism  that  we  have  seen  anywhere  this 
many  a  day."— ion.  Mflr<,pi,htau  Magazine. 

"A  m.asterlv  volume."— iMid™  Kraiin>i€?-.  ,      ,   ,.      - 

See  a  communication  from  Mr.  Corney,  and  a  letter  from 
the  Rev.  Alexander  Crombio,  respecting  the  above-named 
work,  in  the  Gent.  M.ag.,  Oct.  1841,  355. 

Thomson's  Seasons,  edit,  by  Bolton  Corney,  1842,  sq.  8vo. 
"  Mr  Bolton  Cornev's  labours  are  not  the  less  to  be  commended 
because  they  are  unobtrusive :  the  work  is  extremely  well  edited. 

The  Poetical  Works  of  Oliver  Goldsmith;  edited  by 
Bolton  Corney,  1845,  Svo.     A  valuable  edit. 

"The  whole  of  the  poems  have  been  collated  with  the  several 
oHilinns-  (ho  Deserted  Villa""  lioasts  an  improved  text ;  and  the 
orat^rtoof^he  Capt  vitv  is  piotcd  complete  from  the  MS.  in  Mr. 
Mun-ay's  possession.  A  new  memoir  of  the  poet  has  the  merits 
of  ful  ness  and  accuracy  in  respect  of  facts,  and  conciseness  in  point 
of  style."— i»"f'oK  ■SP'ctator.  .,     ,       i    ht   .  j' 

Mr  Corney  is  well  known  as  a  contributor  to  Notes  and 
Queries  and  other  journ.als.  He  is  one  of  the  few  learned 
archffiologists  still  left  (1858)  of  the  school  of  Nichols  and 
Gough.  Baker  and  Cole.  .  .    t,t  ii 

Comings,  Benj.  N.,  b.  1817,  at  Cornisb,  N.  Hamp- 
shire. Principles  of  Physiology,  1S51.  Class  Book  of 
Physiology,  1853.  Preservation  of  Health  and  Prevention 
of  Disease,  1854. 

4ao 


COR 

Cornish,  Joseph.  Theolog.  treatises,  ic,  17S0,  '89, 
'90.     Importance  of  Classical  Learning.  1783,  Svo. 

Cornish,  T.  H.  Juryman's  Legal  Hand  Book  and 
Manual  of  Common  Law,  2d  ed.,  Lon.,  1843,  8vo. 

"This  little  volume  contains  much  curious  as  well  as  useful 
m.itter.  collected  from  various  sources,  adapted  pnncipallj  to  the 
use  of  the  gener.al  re-ader."— 25  Legal  Observer.  600. 

Cornish,  William  Floyer.  Essay  on  Vs<:s,  Lon., 
18''5   Svo.     Essay  on  the  Law  of  Remainders,  1S2(,  Svo. 

"  It  involves  ciitical  discussions  upon  the  most  abstruse,  subtle, 
and  arifici.al  distinctions  in  the  1".«;  »,'.'l!''f- ■'""'"r^'*  %f  U^ 
and  dry  critic,  dealing  in  occult  pmnts.'  -^  Kent  s  Om.,  198,  24d, 
260. 


Tlis  new  classification  may  be  maintained  without  materially 
impaiiin"  the  usefulness  of  Mr.  Fearne's  treatlse."-i*#nu>n<i  ie- 

''"Treatte"'on  Purchase  Deeds,  1828,  8vo. 

"A  very  creditable  production,  better  smted  however,  for  Eng- 
lish conveyances  than  for  this  cnun  ry.  .  .  ■J^']'jJ^";,^J[°'^J^;. 
pen  of  Air  Cornish  is  learned  and  able.'  —Hufnan  sLigal  iludi/ . 
f,  ?'r  an  account  of  this  learned  author,  who  died  at  an  early  age. 
Cornthwaite,Robert.  The  Sabbath,  Lon..  1740,8vo. 
Cornwall,  Barry.     See  Procter,  Brv-4N  ^\  alter. 
Cornwall,  Frederic.     As.size  Serm.,  Lon.,  1 ,  10,  Svo. 
Cornwall,  Capt.  Henry.   Observations  upon  several 
Voyngcs   to    India,  Lon.,  1720,  fol.      Magnetic   ISeedle; 
Phil.  Trans.,  1722.  ,™     ,.         w  ■.     t 

Cornwall,  James.  Tables  of  Pleadings,  Writs,  ic., 
Lon.,  1705.  fid.  This  sometimes  accompanies  G.  Town- 
seud's  Tables.  1667. 

Cornwall,  John,  D.D.     Serm.,  Camb.,  1(01,  4to. 
Cornwall,  N.  E.     Music  as  it  Was  and  as  it  Is,  ISew 

CornwaIIeys,Henrv.    Serms.,  Ac.  Lon.,  1693-1706. 

Cornwallis,  Sir  Charles,  d.  about  1630.  The  Life 
and  Death  of  Henry.  Prince  of  Wales,  Lon.,  1641,  Svo 
and  4to-  1644,  1738, '51 ;  with  an  Appendix,  1788,  Svo. 
Granger'  commends  this  work  for  elegance  of  style,  but 
Birch  condemns  it  as  extremely  superficial. 

Cornwallis,  Charles,  Marquis,  1738-1805,  served 
against  the  Americans  in  their  revolutionary  struggle,  and 
afterwards  distinguished  himself  in  Ireland  and  the  East 
Indies.  In  1762  he  succeeded  his  father  in  the  Earldom 
of  Cornwallis.  He  accepted  the  government  of  British 
India  in  1790,  and  again  in  1805.  He  died  m  the  latter 
vear  at  Ghazepore,  in  the  province  of  Benares.  An  Answer 
to  that  part  of  the  Narrative  of  Lieut.-Gen.  Henry  Clinton, 
K  B  which  relates  to  the  Conduct  of  Earl  C.  during  the 
Campaign  in  North  America,  in  the  year  "81.  '82   8vo. 

Cornwallis,  Frederick,  Archbishop  of  Canterbury, 
d  1783  son  of  Lord  Cornw.illis,  was  consecrated  Bishop 
of  Lichfield  and  Coventry,  1749  ;  translated  to  Canterbury, 
1768.     Serms.,  1751,  '52,  '56,  '62. 

Cornwallis,  James,  Dean  of  Canterbury,  1775,  con- 
secrated Bishop  of  Lichfield  and  Coventry,  1781.  Serms., 
1777, '82,  ISll.  .  ^,     „ 

Cornwallis,  Mrs.  Mary.  Observations  on  the  Ca- 
nonical Scriptures,  Lon.,  1S17,  '20,  and  last  ed.,  1831,  4 

^°"  A  judicious  and  pleasing  companion  in  the  perus.al  of  the  Holy 
Scriptures."— ioioKte's  Brit.  Lib. 

Cornwallis,  Sir  William,  son  of  Sir  Charles.  Es- 
says, Lon.,  1600,  Svo;  newly  corrected,  1632,  Svo.  Dis- 
coiirscs  upon  Seneca,  1601 ,  16mo.  Union  of  England  and 
Scotland,  1604,  4to.  Essays  on  Encomium  of  Sadness 
and  of  Julian  the  Apostate,  1616,  '26,4to.  Praise  of  Rllig 
Richard  1617:  in  the  Somers    Collection  of  Tracts,  vol.  iii. 

Corn'well,  B.  M.  L.    The  Domestic  Physician,  17S5, 

Cornwell,  Francis.  Theolog.  treatises,  1644,  '45,  '46. 

Cornwcll.  James,  has  jmb.  many  useful  educational 
.„orts— on  (iiammar.  Gcogruiiby,  Composition,  &e.— some 
of  them  in  coniunction  with  the  late  Dr.  Alexander  Allen. 
Their  works  hive  been  highly  commended  as 

"  Written  bv  those  who  are  protbundly  acquainted  with  the 
sources  of  ourlanKU.age."-('?»/rc;;  »/  England  Qimrtfrl;/. 

Corp,  Harriet.  An  Antidote  to  the  Miseries  of  Hu- 
man Life,  or  the  Widow  Placid  and  her  daughter  Rachel, 

1814   '*  vols   fc.  Svo. 

Corn,  W'illiam,  M.D.     Jaundice.  1785.    Essay,  1792. 

Corri,  I).     Singer's  Preceptor,  1811,  2  vols.  Svo. 

Corrie,  Archibald,  1777-1857,  a  distinguished  agri- 
cultural writer.  ,  ,,   ,  „ 

Corrie,  !>.,  LL.D..  first  Bishop  of  Madras.  Memoirs 
of-  compiled  cbicflv  from  his  own  Letters  and  Journals, 
bv'  bis  Brothers,  Lon.,  1846,  8vo. 

Corrie,  Edgar.  Treat.onPolit.Econ.,li91,  96,1808. 

Corrie,  George  Elwes,  Norrisian  Prof,  of  Div'mty. 
Cambridge.  Burnet's  Hist,  of  tho  Reformation  abridged, 
Lon.,  1847,  Svo. 


COR 


COS 


"  Tn  this  Edition,  tho  supplemental  Matter  added  by  the  Bishop, 
and  which  has  hitherto  existeii  in  a  St-|.ai-;ite  Form,  hris  been  in- 
corpni-.ited  into  llie  Ili'^tory :  admitted  Error  has  been  corrected, 
ami  simie  ih:in;4es  and  adilitious  made."' 

Corrie,  James,  M.D.  Vitality  of  the  Blood,  Lon., 
1791,  Svo. 

Corrie,  John.  Apologry  for  the  diversity  of  religious 
sentiments,  1802,  Svo.  ReflectioDs  on  Private  Judgment 
in  Reli-ficn  ;  a  serm.,  1S04,  Svo. 

Corrigan,  Andrew,  Theory  and  Practice  of  Modern 
Agriculture  ;  to  which  is  added,  the  breeding  and  manage- 
ment of  sheep,  cattle,  pigs,  and  poultry,  with  some  remarks 
on  dairy-husbandry,  1853. 

'•Tliis  small  work  is  truly  a  muUum  in  parvo,  showing  a  very 
rnrrect  knowledge  of  the  articles  described."' — DonaldUoii's  AgricuU. 
Hi  Of/. 

Corry,  John.  Life  of  Washington,  Lon..  1800,  12mo  ; 
of  A.  Berkelev,  1808,  12mo;  of  Cowper,  1803,  12mo;  of 
J.  Priestley,  1805,  Svo.  Tales.  1S02,  12mo.  View  of  Lon- 
don, 1799,  12mo.  Addre.ss,  1803,  12mo.  Novels,  1S03.  &c. 
The  Detector  of  Quackery,  or  Analysis  of  Medical,  Philo- 
sophical, Political,  Dramatic,  and  Literary  Imposture, 
ISOI,  Svo. 

Corry,  John.  Hist,  of  Bristol,  by  J.  C.  and  John 
Evans,  Bristol,  1816,  2  vols.  r.  Svo. 

"  In  little  estiiiiatioii.'' — Lowndes. 

Corry,  Joseph.    Windward  Coast  of  Africa,  1S07, 4to. 

Corse,  John.  Nat.  History :  see  Phil.  Trans.,  1799, 
1800. 

Corser,  William.     Fast  Serm.,  Lon.,  1793,  4to. 

Corwine,  Richard  1>I.  Digest  of  Cases  in  H.  C.  of 
E.  and  A.,  &c.  of  Mississippi,  Cincinnati,  1845,  8vo. 

'"The  material  of  this  volume  seems  to  have  been  carefully  col- 
lected, and  is  very  well  an-ant^ed." — Afiirvin's  I-P.ijal  Bihl. 

Cory,  E.  A.     Diseases  of  Children,  Lon.,  12mo. 

Cory,  Isaac  Preston.  Ancient  Fragments  of  vari- 
ous writers,  2d  ed.,  Lon.,  1S32,  Svo,  Ancient  and  M.  Phi- 
losophy, 12mo.  Inquiries,  12mo,'  ditto,  12mo.  Accounts, 
Svo.     Official  Accounts,  Svo. 

Cory,  Thomas.  Course  and  P.  of  C.  C.  Pleas,  1672,4to. 

Coryate,  or  Coryat,  George,  d.  1606,  educated  at, 
and  Fellow  of.  New  College,  Oxford :  Rector  of  Odcombe, 
1570  ;  Prebendary  of  York,  1594.  Poemata  varia  Latina, 
1611,  4to.     Descriptio  Anglite,  Scotia3,  et  Hibernire. 

'•  lie  was  a  person  much  commended  iu  his  time  for  his  fine 
fancy  in  Latin  poetry,  and  for  certain  matters  which  he  had  writr 
ten." — Athen.  Oxon. 

Coryate,  or  Coryat,  Thomas,  1577-1617,  son  of 
the  preceding,  educated  at  Gloncester  Hall,  Oxfor<l,  was 
celebrated  for  his  extended  pedestrian  excursions  over  a 
large  portion  of  the  Continent.  In  1608  he  travelled 
through  France,  Germany,  ami  Italy,  walking  1975  miles, 
more  than  half  of  which  were  accomi'lished  in  one  pair  of 
shoes,  which  were  only  once  mended,  and  on  his  return 
were  hung  up  in  the  church  of  Odcombe.  Of  this  trip  he 
pub.  an  accnunt  in  1611,  4to,  under  the  title  of  Coryat's 
Crudities  hastily  goblcd  vp  in  five  months'  Trauclls  in 
France,  Ac.  Bib.  Anglo-Poet.,  113,  £15.  Repub.  in  1776, 
3  vols.  Svo. 

"  Which  book  was  then  usher'd  into  the  world  by  an  Odcombi- 
ant-Ranquet.  ronvisting  of  near  60  copies  of  excellent  verses  made 
by  the  poets  of  that  time,  (which  did  very  much  advantage  the 
sale  of  the  book :)  among  them  were  Ben  Jouson,  Sir  Jo.  Harring- 
ton," etc. — Athen.  Oxon. 

"  His  book,  known  by  the  name  of  Coriat's  Crudities,  nauseous 
to  nice  readers,  for  the  rawness  thereof,  is  not  altogether  useless; 
though  the  porch  be  more  worth  than  the  palace :  1  mean,  the  pre- 
face of  other  men's  mock-commending  verses  thereon." 

This  collection  of  ironical  verses  presents  an  amusing 
specimen  of  the  taste  for  humour  of  many  of  the  greatej^t 
names  of  the  day.  Coryats  Crambe,  or  his  Colwort  twise 
sodden,  and  now  serued  in  with  other  Macarouicke  dishes, 
as  the  second  course  to  his  Crudities,  1611,  4to.  Bibl. 
Anglo-Poet.,  £10  Ids.  Traveller  for  the  Euglish  Wits, 
1616,  4to.  Mr.  Thomas  Coriat  to  his  Friends  in  England 
sendeth  greeting  from  Agra,  &c.,  in  the  Easterne  India. 
Oct.  16.  Lon.,  1618,  4to.  Some  of  his  pieces  will  be  found 
in  Purchas's  Pilgrimes.  In  1612  this  eccentric  genius 
gathered  the  citizens  around  him  at  the  cross  in  Odcombe, 
delivered  a  valedictory  oration,  and  left  his  country  for  a 
ten  years'  ramble.  But  half  the  assigned  limit  had  ex- 
pired, when  the  wanderer  was  called  to  depart  to  that 
*' undiscovered  country  from  whose  bourn  no  traveller  re- 
turns." He  died  at  Sural  in  1617,  after  explorations  in 
Greece,  Asia,  Egypt,  and  India.  Before  his  roaming  pro- 
pensities became  so  strongly  developed,  he  was  in  the  ser- 
vice of  Henry,  Prince  of  Wales,  and  seems  to  have  filled 
the  honourable  post  of  Court  Fool,  but  it  appears  that  he 
sometimes  displayed  more  wit  than  those  who  had  more 
reputation  for  wisdom, 

•'  Ue  carried  folly  (which  the  charitable  called  merriment)  in  his 


very  face.  The  shape  of  bis  head  had  no  promising  form,  beinjy 
like  a  sugar-loaf  inverted,  with  the  little  end  liefure,  as  composed 
of  fancy  and  memory,  without  any  common  sense He  ac- 
counted thnse  men  guilty  of  superfluity,  who  had  more  suits  and 
shirts  tb.in  bodies,  seldom  putting  oil'  either  till  they  were  ready 
to  go  away  fmm  him.  Prince  Henry  allowed  him  a  pension,  and 
kept  him  for  his  servant.  Sivret-meats  and  Coriat  made  up  the 
last  course  at  all  court  entertainments.  Indeed  he  was  the  cour- 
tiers' anvil  to  try  their  wits  upon  :  and  sometimes  Ibis  anvil  re- 
turned the  li;ininiers  as  hard  knocks  as  it  received,  his  bluntness 
repaviiii,^  Ihi  ir  abusiveness.". — Fuller's  Worl/iies. 

'•The  disiiiiL^uished  characteristic  of  Coryat's  mind  seems  to 
have  l.een  a  pas^-ion  for  travelling,  and  an  irrepressible  desire  to 
render  his  name  tiimous  by  his  peregrinations.  'Of  all  the  plea- 
sures in  the  world.'  says  he,  'travel  is  (in  my  opinion)  the  sweetest 
and  most  deliL'htful."" — Xon.  Rttmsp.  Ii'ev.,  1822,  vi.  2H(i. 

"  He  was  a  man  of  a  very  coveting  eye,  that  could  never  be  sa- 
tisfied with  seeing,  tho"  he  had  seen  very  much,  and  yet  he 
took  as  much  content  in  seeing,  as  many  others  in  the  enjoying 
of  great  and  rare  things." — Athrn.  Oxrni.  See  also  Biog.  Brit.; 
Censura  LJteraria;  Bibl.  Anglo-I'oet. ;  Purchas's  Pilgrims. 

We  should  not  omit  to  mention  that  the  useful  thousand 
miles  shoes  which  Coryat  wore  in  his  first  travels  were  al- 
lowed to  hang  in  undisturbed  dignity  in  Odcombe  Church 
for  nearly  a  century.  About  1702  they  were  removed,  and 
where  they  are  now  preserved,  or  whether  preserved  at  all, 
is  more  than  we  can  say.  We  commend  the  subject  to  the 
early  attention  of  the  Society  of  Antiquaries. 

Coryat,  [Coriat,]  Junior.  Another  Traveller;  or 
Cursory  Remarks  and  Critical  Observations,  maile  ujion  a 
Journey  through  part  of  the  Netherlands,  in  the  latter 
part  of  the  year  1766,  Lon.,  1767,  3  vols.  12mo.  This  la 
the  production  of  the  celebrated  Samuel  Paterson,  tho 
London  auctioneer, 

"This  book  was  an  imitation  of  Pferne.and  not  of  Coriat.  whose 
name  Paterson  had  chosen  as  a  whimsical  one."' — Dr.  Johnson. 

But  Paterson  pub.  a  pamphlet  entitled  An  Appeal,  Ac, 
to  prove  that  his  work  was  written  before  the  appearance 
of  Sterne's  Sentimental  Journey. 

'*  As  travels  we  are  in  conscience  bound  to  say.  that  we  cannot 
reckon  them  very  praiseworthy ;  they  do  not,  in  fact,  contain  above 
half  a  dozen  descriptions.  Nor  as  a  series  of  anecdotes  will  they 
stand  the  test;  the  number  of  these  not  being  great,  and  honest 
Paterson  not  being  the  very  best  narrator  of  a  story  we  have  met 
with." — Lon.  Eeirosp.  Bn:.  1825,  xii.  290.  q.  v.  For  an  account  of 
Sam.  Paterson,  see  the  above,  and  Nichols's  Literary  Anecdotes. 

Corye,  John.  Tho  Generous  Enemies,  or  the  Ridi- 
culous Lovers,  a  Comedy,  Lon.,  1672,  4to. 

'■  A  compilement  or  rather  plagiarism  from  other  authors." — 
Lowndes. 

Corymbnpus,  ?*.  e.  Richard  Brathwait. 

Coryton,  John.  A  Treatise  on  the  Law  of  Letters 
Patent  for  the  sole  use  of  Inventions  in  the  United  King- 
dom of  Great  Britain  and  Ireland,  includiiig  the  practice 
connected  with  the  Grant;  to  which  is  added  a  Summary 
of  the  Patent  Laws  in  force  in  the  principal  foreign  States ; 
with  an  appendix  of  Statutes,  Rules,  Prncticiil  Forms,  <te., 
Lon.,  1S55.  Svo  ;  Amcr.  ed.,  with  notes  referring  to  Amer. 
Cases.  Phila.,  1S55,  Svo. 

Cosbic,  Arnold,  Ultimum  Vale  to  the  Vaine  World, 
an  Eiegie  written  by  himself  in  the  MarshalscM.  after  his 
condemnation  for  murthering  Lord  Brooke,  1501,  4to. 

Cosens,  John,  D.D.     The  Economy  of  Beauty;  in  a 
Series  of  Faldes  addressed  to  the  Ladies,  1777, 4to.    Serms., 
Lon..  1793,  2  vols.  Svo. 
j       ''The  style  of  these  sermons  is  vigorous,  animated,  and  well 
suited  to  popular  discourses.'' — Lon.  Mnnthln  lievifw. 

*'They  tend  to  promote  the  cause  of  piety  and  virtue,  and  may 
j  be  read  with  considerable  pleasure  and  edification." — BHt.  Critic. 

I       Cosh,  William.      The  Cause  of  the  Cooper,  Lon., 

,  17G5,  4to. 

j       Cosin,  James.     Names  of  Roman  Catholics,  Nonju- 

!  rorsi  and  others  who  refused  to  take  the  Oath  in  George 

I  the  First's  time,  Lon.,  1745,  Svo. 

Cosin,  or  Cozen,  John,  D.D.,  1504-1672,  a  native 
of  Norwich,  educated  at,  and  Fellow  of,  Caius  College, 
Cambridge,  Mat^ter  of  Peterhouse,  Cambridge,  1638  ;  Dean 
of  Peterborough,  1640.     In  the  time  of  the  Commonwealth 

I  he  was  de]jrived  of  his  ecclesiastical  preferments,  and  re- 
tired to  Paris,  where  he  exercised  his  ministerial  functions 
greatly  to  the  advantage  of  the  Protestant  cause, 

I  '-Yea.  whilst  he  remained  in  France,  hf  wa'^  the  Atlas  of  the  Pro- 
testant relitrinn.  supporting  the  same  with  his  piety  and  learning. 
cnnfirming  the  waveiing  therein,  yea.  adding  daily  proselytes  (not 
of  the  meanest  rank)  thereunto." — Fiilltr\-i  Worthins. 

j  At  the  Restoration  he  returned,  and  within  the  year  was 
raised  to  the  Bishopric  of  Durham.     A  Collection  of  Pri- 

'  vato  Devotions  in  the  Practice  of  the  Ancient  Churches, 
called  the  House  of  Prayer,  Lon.,  1627,  Svo.  This  manual, 
said  to  have  been  compiled  at  the  re(|uest  of  Charles  I.,  or 

I  of  the  Countess  of  Denbigh,  was  a  chief  cause  of  the  trou- 
bles which  befell  the  worthy  doctor.  The  frontispiece' — a 
cross,  angels,  &c. — especially,  aroused  the  ire  of  Prynne 

431 


COS 


COT 


and  Burton.     The  Puritans  style!  the  collection  a  book  of  1  nnd  most  popular  writers  of  H'c  day      Specimens  of  the 

—  Early  Poetry  of  France,  Lon.,  Ib35,  bvo. 


-Dr. 


Cozening  Devotions.  A  Scholastical  History  of  the  Canon 
of  Holy  Scripture*,  Lon.,  lOoJ,  4to,  1072,  'S3;  now  edit., 
1849,  vide  poel. 

''This  work  coutains  a  pretty  satisfactory  induction  of  the  evi- 
dence for  the  authenticity  of  the  Scriptures;  and  of  the  dilTerent 
degrees  of  authority  or  respect  which  the  church  has  attached  to 
the  apocryph.^1  boolis.  It  hiis  long  Iwen  couipletcly  superseded  by 
the  more' extensive  and  accurate  worlvs  of  .tones.  Lardner.  and 
Michaelis;  but  is  still  deserving  of  respect  for  the  service  which  it 
rendered  at  the  time." — Onne's  Biht.  Bib. 

Historia  Transubstant.  Papalis,  1675,  8vo ;  in  English, 
1676,  8vo ;  now  edit.,  revised  with  a  Memoir  of  the  author, 
by  Rev.  J.  S.  Brewer,  Lon.,  1840,  12mo. 

"  A  most  substantial  treatise  .against  trausubstantiation, 
John  DruEL. 

Notes  on  the  Book  of  Common  Pniyor,  1710,  fol.  Dr. 
C.  pub.  some  other  treatises.  An  edit,  of  his  works,  now 
first  collected,  was  pub.  in  Oxford,  1843-45,  5  voLs.  8vo; 
Lib.  of  Anglo-Cath.  Theology.  A  letter  of  Dr.  C.'s  upon 
the  Validityof  the  orders  of  the  Foreign  Ref<.rmod  Churches, 
will  be  found  in  Two  Treatises  on  the  Church,  edited  by 
Rev.  Wm.  Goode,  Lon.,  1843,  8vo. 

'■  One  whose  abilities,  quicit  apprehension,  solid  judgment,  va- 
riety of  reading.  4c.  are  suthcit-ntly  made  linown  to  the  world  in 
bis  learned  booivs,  whereby  he  h.ath  perpetuated  his  name  to  pos- 
terity. I  must  not  pass  over  his  constancy  in  his  relisiou.  which 
rendered  him  amiable  in  the  eyes  not  of  good  men  only,  but  of 
that  of  God,  with  whom  there  is  no  variabliness  nor  shadow  of 
changing.  It  must  beconfesscd  that  a  S'.rt  ol'  f"nil  p."i.li'  surmised 
as  if  he  had  once  been  declining  to  the  pn],i.-li  pcrsu.'o-inn.  Thus 
the  dim-sighted  complain  of  the  darkness  of  tlie  room,  wljcn,  alas, 
the  fault  is  in  their  own  eves;  and  the  lame,  of  the  unevenness  of 
the  floor,  when  indeed  it  lieth  in  their  unsound  legs."— i^'aUcr's 
WirtMes. 

Cosin,  Richard,  LL.D.,  Dean  of  the  Arches,  also 
Chancellor  of  the  diocese  of  Worcester  from  1579  until 
1598.  An  Answer  to  a  Libel  entitleil  An  Abstract  of  Cer- 
tain Acts  of  Parliament,  Lou.,  15S4,  4to.  Conspiracio  for 
pretended  Reformation,  viz.:  Presbyterial  Discipline  by 
Haeket,  Coppinger,  and  Arthington,  1592,  4to.  Apologie 
for  sundrie  Proceedings  by  lurisdiction  Ecclesiastieall, 
159.1,  4  to.  Commended  .as  ■'  a  learned  and  excellent  work." 
There  was  an  earlier  edit,  in  two  parts,  only  40  copies 
printed.  Carmina,  Ac,  1598,  4to.  Eeclesia;  Anglicanio 
Politeia  in  Tabulas  digesta,  Lon.,  1604,  fob:  O.Kt'.,  1634, 
fob;  with  preface  by  Allane,  1684,  fob  Regni  Anglife  sub 
impcrio  Reginse  ElizabethEC  Religio  ot  Gubernatio  Eccle- 
siastica,  ancta  et  emendata,  cura  Joaunis  Cosinl.  Gul. 
Wechct,  Editoro,  Lon.,  1729,  4to. 

"  lie  was  a  general  scholar,  geometrician,  musician,  physician, 
divine,  but  chiefly  civil  and  canon  lawyer.  .  .  .  His  last  words 
were  these,  *  Farewell,  my  surviving  frimids;  remember  your  mor- 
talitv  and  eternal  life.'  -—Fiilh-r's  Wnrthirs. 

Cossham,  J.  N.     Interest  Time  Tables.  1813,  12mo. 
Costa,  Emanuel  M.  Da.     See  P.i  Costa. 
Costard,  George,  17111-1782,  Fellow  and  Tutor  of 
■Wadham  College,  Vicar  of  Twickenham,  1761.      Mr.  C. 
was  versed  in  astronomy,  and  famous  for  his  Oriental  learn- 
ing, and  thereby  acquired  the  title  of  Rabbi  Costard.     Ob- 
servations on  some  Psalms,  8vo.     Use  of  Astronomy.  1764, 
4to.  Hist,  of  Astronomy,  1767,  4to.  A  second  edit,  of  Hyde's 
Historia  Rcligiouis  Veterum  Persarum  corumque  Magorum, 
1760,  4to.     Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1745,  '51,  '53,  '54,  '77. 
Observations  on  the  Book  of  Job,  1747,  Svo. 
"Ingenious,  but  not  all  correct.     He  was  of  opinion  that  it  was 
not  older  th.an  the  time  of  the  Babylonish  captivity;  and  consi- 
dered it  a  piece  of  exalted  and  regular  Eastern  poetry,  of  the  dr.v 
ruatic  Itind." — Orme^s  Bill.  Bib. 

Other  publications.  See  Biog.  Brit;  Bibb  Brit.;  Ni- 
chols's Literary  Anecdotes. 

Coste,  Peter.  Trans,  of  Montaigne's  Essays,  1769, 
3  vols.  Svo. 

"All  inunense  treasure-house  of  observation,  anticipating  all 
the  discoveries  of  succeeding  essavists:  you  cannot  opeu  him  with- 
out detecting  a  Spectator,  or  liambler."— I.vioh  Hint. 
Very  extravagant,  this,  Mr.  Lcigb  Hunt! 
Costeker.     The  Fine  Gentleman;  or.  The  Education 
of  a  Young  Nobleman.  Lon..  1732.  Svo. 

Costello,  Mrs.  The  Soldier's  Orphan;  a  Tale,  1809, 
3  vols.  12mo. 

*'  Some  novels  hiive  no  character  at  all.  and  this  is  one  of  them. 
It  is  neither  remarkably  dull,  nor  particularly  lively ;  neither  per- 
fectly uninteresting,  nor  peculiarly  pleasing;  in  short,  neither 
commendalile  nor  reprehensible." — Lon,  Mfmthhi  Beviet'K  1809. 

Costello,  Dudley.  A  Tour  through  the  Valley  of 
the  Mouse.  Lon.,  1846,  p.  Svo. 

Costello,  t'ol.  Edward.  Adventures  of  a  Soldier, 
Lon.,  1841,  p.  Svo. 

'•This  highly  interesting  volume  is  fdled  with  details  and  anec- 
dotes of  the  most  sterling  character,  and  well  deserves  a  place  in 
the  library  of  every  regiment  iu  the  service." — Naval  mid  Military 
Cazrilr. 

Costello,l,ouisa  Stuartjoneof  the  most  yoluminous 

132 


We  warmly  rccommeud  MissCostello's  very  elegautlittlc  work." 
— Lfm.  All'emrum. 

Summer  amongst  the  Bocages  and  Vines,1840,  2  vols.  Svo. 
"These  volumes  are  written  with  true  gusto:  they  sparlJe  over 
with  skct.  ins  "f  romantic  scenery,  outlioes  of  antitiue  places,  his- 
toiii-:il  Ic'z-  ii'ls,  local  traditions,  i&c." — Lon.  AtUts. 
"  Most  uLMccatile  volumes.'" — Lon.  Qiiar.  litview. 
The  Queen  Mother,  a  Romance,  3  vols.  p.  Bvo.     A  Pil- 
grimage to  Auvergne.  1842,  2  vols.  Svo. 

"  •'  Two  more  delijhlful  volumes  have  not  proceeded  from  the  pen 
of  the  tourist." — h.lm  Bull. 

Memoirs  of  Eminent  Englishwomen,  1844,  4  vols.  Svo. 
The  reader  will  here  find  37  biographies. 

The  Rose  Garden  of  Persia;  trans,  from  the  Persian 
Poets,  1845,  Svo. 

'•  She  has  by  this  remarkable  volume  of  specimens  at  once  won 
her  w:iy  into  the  foremost  rank  of  modern  pouts."— ion.  M.  VI  rim. 
The  Falls,  Lakes,  and  Mountains  of  N.  Wales,  1846,  Svo. 
"  It  is  gralifving  to  find  that  she  has  broucht  her  exquisite  sense 
of  the  picturesque,  and  vivid  aiqiieciation  of  local  historical  asso- 
ciation, alwavs  simple  and  unpictcuding  in  their  enuniiatmn,  to 
bear  npon  a  "portion  of  Great  liiitain."— jtmsworyi's  JUai/aane. 
A  Tour  to  and  from  Venice,  1846,  Svo. 
"  A  pleasanter  hook  for  travellers  bound  to  the  north  of  Italy  it 
would  be  difficult  to  Raii."—Oj-f<iril  ami  Camlridije  Utriew. 

Jacques  Coeur,  the  French  Argonaut,  and  His  Times, 
1847,  Svo.  Miss  C.  has  also  pub.  Beam  and  the  Pyrenees, 
1844,  2  vols.  Svo;  Catherine  de  Medicis,  1S4S, p.  ]2mo.  and 
p.  Svo;  Clara  Fane,  1848,  3  vols.  p.  Svo;  Gabrielle,  1S43, 
3  vols.  p.  Svo ;  and  Songs  of  a  Stranger,  Svo.  We  express 
the  wish  of  many,  when  we  record  the  desire  that  Miss 
Costello  may  long  continue  to  delight  and  instruct  a  public 
whom  she  has  made  so  familiar  with  her  merits. 

Coster,  Robert.  A  Mite  cast  into  the  common  Trea- 
sury, 1649,  4to. 

Costigau,  Capt.  A.  W.  Sketches  of  Society  and 
Manners  hi  Portugal,  Lon.,  1788,  2  vols.  Svo. 

"  Verv  good  pictures  of  Portuguese  life  and  manners,  though,  in 
manv  instances,  the  portraiture  seems  considerably  over-charged — 
the  outline  caricatured—and  the  colouring  too  much  heightened." 
—Lmi.  Monthhj  Rn\,  17S9. 

Costill,  O.  II.  Practical  Treati.se  on  Poisons,  their 
Symptoms.  Antidotes,  and  Mode  of  Trcatment,Phila.,18mo. 
"Cosway,  Blrs.  Mary,  d.  1804,  a  miniature  painter  of 
great  reputation,  projected  and  partially  prepared  a  collec- 
tion of  copies  of  paintings  in  the  MusC'C  Franfaise.  .accom- 
panied with  historical  notices.  In  consequence  of  the  loss 
of  a  child,  she  abandoned  her  design,  and  retired  to  a  nun- 
nery'near  Lyons.     Sec  Woman's  Record. 

Cotes.     Sketches  of  Truth,  1803,  3  vols.  12mo. 
Cotes,  Charles.      Oratio,  Ac.,  Harveiana,  1716,  4to. 
Cotes,  Disby.     See  Coates. 

Cotes,  Heury.  Scrms.,  ISOo,  '13 ;  ditto,  from  Beau- 
sobre,  1S22,  Svo. 

'•  A  paraphrase,  rather  than  a  translation."— Prc/aoc. 
Cotes,  J.  SurvcyiT's  Guide,  1806,  Svo. 
Cotes,  Roger,  16-^2-1716.  an  eminent  mathematician 
and  astronomer,  a  native  of  Burb.age,  Leicestershire,  was 
educated  at  Trinity  College,  Cambridge,  Fellow,  1 705 ;  Plu- 
mian  Prof,  of  Astronomy,  1706.  In  1713  he  took  orders, 
and  in  the  same  year,  at  the  desire  of  Dr.  Bentley,  he  pub. 
at  Cambridge  the  second  edit,  of  Sir  Isaac  Newton's  Ma- 
them.atica  Principin.  Ac,  with  the  author's  improvement.s, 
and  a  preface  of  his  own,  which  has  been  greatly  admired. 
A  number  of  bis  works  were  pub.  after  bis  death,  llar- 
monia  Mensurnrum,  pub.  by  Dr.  Smith,  1722,  Camb.,  4lo. 
Opera  Miscellanea,  Camb.,  1722,  4to.  Theoreniata,  Ac, 
Camb.,  1722,  4to.  Extracts  from  his  Lectures,  4to.  Com- 
pendium of  Arithmetic;  in  English,  pub.  by  Dr.  Smith, 
1737,  Svo.  Account  of  a  great  Meteor  which  appeared  in 
1716,  Phil.  Trans.,  1720.  Hydros,  and  Pncumat.  Lectures, 
pub.'witb  notes  by  Dr.  Smith,  1738,  Svo.  Cotes  was  emi- 
nently versed  innmthematics,  metaphysics,  philosophy, 
and  divinity.  Those  not  conversant  with  the  sciclitilic  his- 
tory of  the  period  would  consider  us  extravagant  in  rank- 
ing" Cotes  as  the  eipial  of  any  idiilosopber  whom  England 
has  hitherto  produced.  That  Sir  Isaac  Newton  considered 
himself  as  inferior  to  the  editor  of  his  Prineipia,  wo  have 
good  reason  t')  believe.  We  must  not,  however,  forget  to 
make  proper  allowance  for  the  remarkable  humility  of  this 
wonderful  genius:  a  humility  to  which  we  find  a  striking 
counterpart  in  the  character  of  a  cclebrsited  personage, 
equally  distinguished,  though  in  a  far  diiferent  sphere, — 
the  illustrious  Edmund  Burke.     The  great  Dr.  Bentley 

"  Never  mentioned  Cotes  but  with  the  highest  regret,  [he  died  at 
the  a"e  or.':5:]  he  had  formed  the  highest  expectations  of  new 
li-lits^aud  (tiscovcrirs  in  Philosniihv  horn  the  penetrating  force  of 
hi's  cNlrcuclin.irv'inius;  and  on  tile  tablet  devoted  to  his  memory 
in  thechapetof  Tii'uity  (.■oUcge,  has  recorded  his  sorrows,  and  those 


COT 


COT 


of  the  whole  learned  world,  in  the  followiug  beautiful  and  pathetic 
epitaph: 

II.  S.  E. 

RogtTUS  Kobertis  filius  Cotes, 

Collet;ii  hiijiis  S.  Tiinitatis  Sni-ius, 

Astronomiii'  et  Kxperinifiitnlis  Fhili)Sophife : 

Professor  I'lumianus. 

Qui 

immatura  morte  prareptus, 

panca  quidem  iuKenii  sui  pijiuora  reliquit, 

sed  egregia,  sed  adaiiranda, 

es  inaccessis  Mathesws  pi/netralibus 

felici  solertia  cum  priuium  ertua. 

Post  magnum  ilium  Newtonum 

Sociotatis  hujus  spes  altem 

et  decus  gemellum 

Cui  ad  summam  doctrina-  laudem." 

See  Nichols's  Literary  Anecdotes,  \\.  128. 
Sir  Isaac  Newton  mourned  the  loss  of  a  great  philosopher 
ia  Cotes,  and  would  exclaim  when  referring  to  his  early 
death — "If  Cotes  had  lived,  we  had  known  something." 

Cotes,  William.  Short  Questions  betwene  the  Father 
and  the  Sonne,  Lon.,  15S5,  8vo. 

Cotgrrave,  John,  The  English  Treasury  of  Wit  and 
Language,  collected  out  of  the  best  Dramatick  Poems  j 
methodically  digested  into  common  places  for  generall  use, 
Lon.,  1665,  Svo.     Bibl.  Anglo-Poet.,  HJS,  £:i  8s. 

"  Thou  maj-st  not  reasonably  expect  the  abstraett- d  Quintessence 
of  betwixt  three  and  foure  hundred  Poems  iu  this  sniall  compasse, 
(which  yet  may  be  large  enough  for  an  es--ay, )  Ibr  1  find  that  nn  ab- 
solute impossibility.  But  I  can  assure  thee,  that  what  is  herein 
couched,  is  a  great  part  of  the  best,  and  generally  Uiken  out  of  the 
best." — Address  to  the  Jtmder. 

Wit's  Interpreter,  or  the  English  Parnassus,  1655,  Svo. 
Cotgrave,  Raiidle.  French  and  English  Dictionary, 
with  another  by  H.  Sherwood;  edit,  liy  J.  Howell,  Lon., 
1673,  fol.  To  thdse  who  read  the  old  French  writers,  or 
wish  to  compare  the  changes  in  language,  this  is  a  valuable 
book. 

"It  is  a  rich  storehouse  of  old  French,  and  English  also." — 
Todd. 

Cotmau,  John  Sell, 17S0-1843,b.atN()rwich.  Archi- 
tectural Antiquities  of  Jsorraandy,  Lon.,  1S20.  "21,  with  Hist. 
and  Descrip.  Noti'-es  by  Dawsun  Turner,  snpcr-ruy.  ful. 

"  A  highly  valuable  and  faithful  delineation  of  hitherto  inedited 
monuments." — Lon.  Qtmr.  Jffvinv. 

Miscellaneous  Etchings,  super-roy.  fot..  1812.  Architect. 
Antiq.  of  Norfolk,  1812-17,  imp.  fol.  Sepulchral  Brasses 
in  Norfolk.  1819,  roy.  4lo ;  new  edit.,  greatly  enlarged,  2 
vols.  imp.  4to. 

"•A  work  highly  interf^^tincr  to  the  Antiqn.ary  and  the  man  of 
taste,  as  throwing  imicli  li.'hl  mi  t)i,.  i-;iilv  hi-tMrv  nithis  country; 
andbeariuganei|uaM.--rv.M.|,Mtiviir,tliiLfiit  with  tin"  Antiquities 
of  Norfolk'  by  the  same  artist," — fJeneral  Ili,-i(.  of  Norfolk. 

"Cotman's  work  on  Sepulchral  Brasses  is  by  far  the  most  im- 
portant publication  on  the  subject." — Dawson  Turner. 

Liber  Studiorum,  183S,  imp.  fol.  Illustrations  of  Dr. 
Dibdin's  Bibliographical  Tour  in  France  and  Normandy, 
by  J.  S.  C.  and  Mrs.  D.  Turner,  imp.  Svo.  Architect,  and 
Picturesque  Remains  in  various  Counties  of  England,  but 
chiefly  iu  Norfolk.  With  descriptions  by  Thomas  Rick- 
man.  Other  publications  of  a  similar  character.  See  H. 
G.  Bohn's  Cat.,  1841. 

■•  llis  Etcbiniis  have  all  the  richness  and  vijrour  of  the  best  artists 
of  the  old  ^^chobl,  and  are  hi^rhly  prized  by  all  whu  are  capable  of 
appreii.itiu^j;  them." — Luit.  (^nar.  litvtew. 

Cotta,  Johu.     Medicine  and  Witchcraft,  1612-25. 
Cotter,  George  SackviUe.    Poems,  Cork.  1790,  8vo. 
Cotter,  Johu  U,     Gospels  of  Matt,  and  Mark,  para- 
phrased, Lou.,  2d  ed.,  1810,  ]2mo.     Treatises,  Ac.  for  the 
Times,  Lon.,  1849,  ]2mo.     Mass  and  Rubrics  of  the  R.  C. 
Church,  trans,  into  English,  18-15,  12nio. 
"■A  very  exact  version  iu  our  own  language." 
Cotterel,  Sir  Charles,  Master  of  the  Requests  to 
Charles  II.     Cassandra,  trans,  from  the  French  of  La  Cal- 
prenede,  Lon.,  1735,  5  vols.  12mo. 

"  The  most  famous  of  the  Ileroical  Romances,  from  which  Rous- 
seau (a  <;reat  reader  of  them)  has  taken  some  of  the  affecting  inci- 
dents in  the  New  Heloise" — Dl'.vi.op. 

Historie  of  the  Civill  Warres  of  France,  trans,  from  the 
Italian  of  Davila,  by  C.  C.  and  Wm.  Aylesbury,  1647,  fol. : 
2d  ed.,  1678,  fol. 

"  A  noble  historian,  equal  to  Livy."— Lord  Bolinodroke. 
*'  The  History  of  the  Civil  Wars  from  1559  to  1598  displays  pro- 
found knowledge  of  times,  ch:iractei's,  intrigues,  &c." — Hismondi. 

Cotterill,  T.  Speech  before  the  Bible  Society,  1813, 
Svo. 

Cottesford,S.     Against  Traitors,  1591.     Serm.,1622. 
Cottin^haiii,  John.     Serms.,  Ac,  17S4-1807. 
Cottiii£;ham,  L.  \,     Architectural  works,  1822-24. 
Cottle,  Amos  Simon,  d.  1800.  was  educated  at  Mag- 
dalen College.  Cambridge.     Icelandic  Poetry,  or  the  Edda 
of  Sheraend,  trans,  into  English  Verse,  Lon.,  1797,  Svo. 
Other  poetical  compositions.     Both  Amos  :ind  Jn.se])h  Cot- 
28 


tie  were  roughly  handled  by  a  very  foolish  young  man, 
smarting  under  a  deserved  rebuke: 

"(_»h!  Amos  Cottle,  Phoebus! — what  a  name 
To  fill  the  speaking  trump  of  future  fame  I 
Oh!  Amos  Cottle!  lor  a  moment  think 
What  meagre  profits  spread  from  pen  and  iukl" 

Byron's  E»g.  Bards  and  .V.  Reviewers. 

Tet  Amos  was  a  favourite  with  the  terrible  Monthly  Re- 
viewers : 

"  His  Icelandic,  like  his  other  poetry,  is  versified  often  with  vi- 
gour, and  always  with  neatness,  with  grace,  and  with  euphony. 
Of  Mr.  Cottle's  poetical  talents  we  have  repeatedly  spoken  with 
approbation.'' — Monthly  HevUw,  1708,  3S1. 

Cottle,  John.     New   Version   of  the   Psalms,  Lon., 
1802,  12mo.     The  author  states  that  he  has  omitted,  trans- 
posed, and  paraphrased,  as  the  occasion  seemed  to  require. 
Cottle,  Joseph,  d.  1853,  in  his  84th  year.     Poems, 
1795,  12mo.     Malvern  Hills,  a  Poem,  1798,  4to.     John  the 
Baptist,  a  Poem,  1801,  8vo.     Alfred,  an  Epic  Poem,  1801, 
4to;  1804,  2  vols.  12mo,  and  1810.     iSelectiou  of  Poems  for 
Young  Persons,  1805,  '15,  12mo.     The  Fall  of  Cambria,  a 
Poem,  1809,  '11,  2  vols.  8vo.     Other  publications.     Early 
llccoUections  of  Coleridge,  1837,  2  vols.  8vo.     Mr.  C.  was 
in  early  life  a  bookseller,  but  relinquished  that  business  in 
1798,  shortly  after  publishing  the  Lyrical  Ballads  of  Cole- 
ridge.    He  pub.  iu   1796  Coleridge's  first  vol.  of  Poems. 
f?ee  Coleridge's  Letter  to  him  in  tient.  Mag.,  Aug.  1853. 
"lloeotian  Cottle,  rich  Bristowa's  boast, 
Impoits  old  stories  from  the  Cambrian  Coast, 
And  s.-nds  his  goods  to  market — all  alive! 
Lines  forty  thousand.  Cantos  twenty-five." 

Byron's  Eng.  Bards  and  S.  Reviewers. 
Well  had  it  been  for  Byron  had  ho  been  as  good  a  man 
as  "  Bceotian  Cottle."  He  may  have  been  a  bad  poet,  but 
he  was — that  rarer  character — a  good  friend.  To  both 
Coleridge  and  Southey  he  extended  the  hand  of  kindness, 
when  kindness  was  the  most  needed: 

'■If  my  poems  should  ever  acquire  a  name  and  character,  it 
might  be  said  the  world  owed  them  to  you.  Had  it  not  been  for 
you,  none  perhaps  of  them  would  have  been  published,  and  some 
not  written.     Your  obliged  and  ever  .afTectJTHuite  friend, 

S.  T.  CoLERii>(;E:"i.7/,.T  ^.  fhfdr,  AfrU  15,  1798. 
'*Doyou  suppose.  Cottle,  that  I  have  f.-r^intt.-n  thuse  true  and 
mnst  essential  acts  of  friendship  wliich  you  showed  me  when  I 
stond  most  in  need  of  them?  Your  house  was  my  house  when  I 
bad  no  other.  .  .  .  Sure  I  am,  there  never  was  a  more  generous  or 
a  kinder  heart  than  yours;  aud  you  will  believe  me  when  I  add 
that  there  does  not  live  that  man  upon  earth  whnm  I  remember 
with  more  gratitude  aud  affection.  .  .  .  Good  ni','ht!  my  dear  old 
friend  aud  beuetactor." — Robert  Southey  :" Letter  to  Cbtlle.,  A  mil  20. 
ISOS.  ^ 

Commend  us  to  that  noble-hearted  man  who  in  the  day 
of  his  prosperity  is  not  ashamed  to  acknowledge  the  bene- 
factions received  in  the  dark  hours 

"  When  friends  were  few  and  fortune  frowned !" 

In  the  letter  quoted  above,  (the  reader  must  devour  the 
whole  of  it;  see  Southey *s  Life  and  Correspondence,) 
Southey,  to  his  lasting  honour,  tells  his  friend, 

"  You  are  in  the  habit  of  preserving  your  letters,  and  if  you 
were  not,  I  would  entreat  you  to  preserve  this,  that  it  might  be 
seen  hereafter." 

The  reader  will  now  understand  that  our  transcriptiona 
have  been  made  from  a  sense  of  duty  (accompanied  with 
much  pleasure)  to  both  writer  and  recipient. 

In  the  same  generous  spirit  he  writes  to  .John  May: 

'■  You  ought  to  become  acquainted  with  my  old  friend  Joseph 
Cottle,  the  best-hearted  of  men.  .  .  .  Become  acquainted  with  one 
who  has  a  larger  portion  of  original  goodness  than  falls  to  the  lot 
of  most  men." — S>2>t.  15,  1827. 

"  Cnttle  pol'lished  my  Joan  of  Arc  in  1796,  and  there  are  very 
few  who  fiiti'itjiin  a  warmer  regard  for  me  than  he  has  done  from 
that  t\ui>r:"—L,(!rr  to  Charles  Swain,  Oct.  27.  18.30. 

We  trust  we  have  no  reader  who  will  complain  of  the 
length  of  this  article,  consecrated  to  two  of  the  noblest 
feelings  of  the  human  breast — to  Friendship  aud  Grati- 
tude! 

"  If  such  there  breathe,  go  mark  him  well, 
For  him  no  Minstrel  raptures  swell." 

Cotton,  Bartholemew  de.  Monk  of  Norwich.  An- 
nales  Ecelesiiie  Norwicensis,  1042-1295,  et  Historia  de 
Episcopis  Norw.,  ad  an.  1299.  Accedunt  continuatio  his- 
torian ad  an.  1446,  et  successio  Episcoporum  et  priorum. 
Vide  Wharton,  Anglia  Sacra,  1691. 

Cotton,  Charles,  1630-1687,  educated  at  Cambridge, 
obtained  considerable  celebrity  as  a  humorous  poet  and 
translator.  See  a  list  of  his  publications  in  Watt's  Bibl. 
Brit.  We  notice  a  few:  Devaix's  Philos.  of  the  Stoics, 
1664.  A  Voyage  to  Ireland.  Virgil  Travestie,  1664-67, 
and  '92,  3  vols.  8vo.  Some  of  Lucian's  Dialogues  m  Eng- 
lish Fustian,  1675,  Svo. 

"  Xothing  can  be  more  vulgar,  disgusting,  or  licentious,  than 
his  paroilies  on  Yirgil  and  Lucian.  That  they  should  have  been 
s<^  often  repiintod,  marks  the  slow  progress  of  the  refinement  of 
public  taste  during  the  greatei-  part  of  the  eighteenth  century." 

433 


cor 

The  Wonders  of  the  Peake,  1681,  Svo.     Genuine  Works, 
1715    Svo.     Trans,  of  Montaigne's  Essays,  1759,  3  vols. 
8vo.'  Poems,   ICSS),  Svo.     Poetical  Works,   1765,  12mo; 
»th  eel.,  1771,  12mo.  j     .  j 

Cotton  is  hoFt  known  by  his  addition  to  his  adopted 
father's  (Izaak  Walton)  Complete  Angler.     This  treatise- 
How  to  angle  for  a  Trout  or  Orayling  in  a  clear  stream- 
was  written  in  ten  days.     It  is  often  found  bound  up  in 
the  3d  and  Ith  edits,  of  the  Complete  Angler,  and  was  re- 
printed with  every  subsequent  edit.     See  an  account  ot 
their  Fish  House,  &c.  on  the  river  Dove,  in  Biog.  Brit. 

"It  is  of  stone,  and  thp  room  on  the  inside  a  cube  of  ahout 
fifteen  feet:  it  is  paved  with  black  and  wliite  marlilc.  .  .  .  In  the 

ferther  corner,  on  the  left,  is  a  fire-place,  with  a  chmine.v ;  and  on 
the  lieht,  a  large  Ijeaufet  with  folding-doors,  wherein  are  the  por- 
traits o?  Mr.  Cotton,  with  a  boy-servant,  and  Walton.  ■■>  the  die.s 
of  the  time:  underneath  is  a  cupboard,  on  the  door  whereof  the 
ficures  of  a  trout,  and  also  of  a  gwyling,  are  well  pourtrayed      .  . 
Over  the  door  the  initial  letters  of  his  own  name  and  Is.iac  Wal- 
ton's were  placed  together  in  a  cypher."-Ao(e  to  the  Compl.  Angler, 
21st  edit,  17S4. 

Cotton,  Clement.     Mirror  of  Martyrs,  Lon.,  16.il, 
Svo      Convert's  Catechism,  1616,  Svo.     Concordance  to  the 
Biliic,  1631,  '33,  fob;  enhirged,  Ac.  by  S.amucl  Newman, 
1013.     Way  of  Life,  1011,  4to. 

Cotton,  Edward.     Loadstone;  Phil.  Trans.,  1067. 
Cotton,  G.  E.  L.,  D.D.,  Lord-Bishop  of  Calcutta 
and  Metropolitan  of  India.     1.  Doctrine  and  Practice  of 
Christianity:  3d  ed.,  Lon.,  1S53,  ISmo.     2.  Short  Prayers 
for  Public  Schools;  5lh  ed.,  1864,  ISmo.    3.  Seven  Serms., 
1855,  fp.  Svo.     4.  Serins.,  1S5S,  cr.  Svo.     „„,,...., 

Cotton,  Henry,  D.C.L..  Archdeacon  of  Casheb  Listof 

Edits,  of  the  Bible  and  Parts  thereof  in  English,  150D-182U, 

Ac  , Lon., 1821, 8vo;2ded.,enlarged,lS52,Svo.  SeeLEWls,J. 

■'  Evidently  the  result  of  deep  research,  and  drawn  up  with  great 

care.*' — IJorm's  Introduction.  ....  .. 

'•  Vcrv  complete.  .  .  .  The  most  valualile  part  is  the  Appendix, 

in  which  Mr.  Cotton  gives  spei-i.nens  of  all  the  early  translations 
of  the  Scriptures  into  English:  besides  accurate  descriptions  of  the 
several  scarce  fditlons.  The  author  has  avaded  himself  of  the 
previous  labours  of  Lewis,  Ducarel,  (or  rather  Tutet,)  and  Gilford, 
Crutwell,  .and  Newcome."— Orme's  BiH.  ISib. 

■•  This  and  Lewis's  Hist,  of  Enp.  Trans,  give  the  fullest  accounts 
of  the  points  on  which  they  treat."— Bidersffi/is  nrutian  Student. 
The  Typographical  Gazetteer.  0.\f.,  1S25,  Svo ;  2d  ed., 
enlarged,  1831 .     Mem.  of  a  French  trans,  of  the  N.  Testa- 
ment," Lon.,  1827,  Svo. 

'<  Dr  Kidder's  pamphlet  having  become  extremely  rare,  ur.  l^ot- 
ton  has  rendered  a  valuable  service  to  the  Protestant  cause  by  re- 
nrintin"  it,  with  some  corrective  notes:  and  he  has  prefixed  an 
totortsting  bibliographical  memoir  on  the  Bordeaux  New  TeBt«r 
meut." — Hornets  Introduction. 

The  Five  Books  of  Maccaliees  in  English,  with  Notes  and 
riustrations,  Oxf.,  1832,  Svo. 

"Dr  Cotton  has  for  the  fir^  time  given  an  English  translation  ' 
of  what  are  called  the  fnorth  and  fifth  books:  ami  h,.  sui  .vsslully 
adapted  the  stvb-  and  l:ii.-ua-e  of  liis  v.-rsion  t..  tli.is,-  of    h-  pn-  | 
ceding  books,  as  closely  as  was  lonsisteiit  ivitli  ii  cii-elnl  adhercn.-o 
to  the  original.'' — Ibid.  ,t      .         ^  .v 

A  Short  Explan.  of  Obsolete  Words  in  our  Version  of  the 
Bible,  Ac.,  Oxf..  1S32, 12mo.  Fasti  Ecclesitc  Hihernic-B:  The 
Succession  of  the  Prelates  and  Members  of  the  Cathedral 
Bodies  in  Ireland,  Dubl.,  1845-50.  4  vols.  Svo.  Rhemes  and 
Doway :  An  Attempt  to  Shew  what  has  been  done  by  R. 
Catholics  for  the  Ditfusion  of  the  Holy  Scriptures  in  Eng- 
lish, Oxf..  1855,  Svo.  ,  „  „,  „ 
"A  most  valuable  contribution  to  Biblical  bibliography.  —1.  U. 
HORNE,  D.I).,  in  a  hUerto  the  author  of  this  Dictionary,  Aup.  SI,  1858. 
Cotton,  J.  D.  L,achryma!  Elegiaca!,  Ac.,  1765,  4to. 
Cotton,  John,  1585-1652,  a  native  of  Derby,  Eng- 
nd,  edncated  at  Trinity  and  Emanuel  College,  Cambridge, 

.  _     , __     1.:^     nciU     ...:..:  1'.,.^..  ..C    TJ...c.t,.,i   ,„    T.ino^l,i_ 


laUu,  t.m^.^  1^1.1  I,  ........•,  J    " — 0-' -      ,:■     '    . 

became  in  his  2Sth  year  minister  of  Boston  in  Linc(Jn-  ] 
shire.  Having  adopted  the  principles  of  the  Puritans,  he 
emigrated  to  Boston,  Mass.,  and  spent  the  rest  of  his  days 
in  America.  He  was  eminent  for  profound  learning  and 
devoted  piety.  He  pub.  many  theological  works,  the  most 
celebrated  of  which  were  in  defence  of  the  interference  of 
the  civil  power  in  support  of  the  truth.  In  this  position 
he  found  a  powerful  antirgouist  in  Roger  Williams.  Cot- 
ton's Letter  concerning  the  power  of  the  Magistrate  in 
matters  of  Religion  was  answered  by  W.  in  1614,  in  The 
Bloody  Tenet  of  Persecution  for  the  cause  of  conscience. 
This  elicited  Cotton's  Bloody  Tenet  washed  .and  made 
•white  in  the  Blood  of  the  Lamb,  1647.  Williams  rejoined 
in  The  Bloody  Tenet  yet  more  bloody  by  Mr.  Cotton's  en- 
deavour to  wash  it  white  in  the  Blood  of  the  Lamb,  1652. 
A  Discourse  about  Civil  Government  in  a  New  Plantation, 
Ac,  was  pub.  in  Camb.,  1663,  sm.  4to,  under  Cotton's  name, 
but  it  was  really  the  proiliietion  of  John  Davenport  of 
New  Haven  Colony.  'This  book  is  so  rare,  that  a  copy  in 
sheets  sold  in  Now  York  in  1847  for  $14  50.  Cotton's 
youngest  daughter  married  Increase  Mather.    See  Mather's 


r-  -  COT 

Ma.'nalia ;  Norton  and  Mather's  Life  of  Cotton ;  Neal's 
N.  E.;  Hutchinson;  Winthrop;  Mass.  Hist.  ColL;  AUen  3 
Amcr.  Biog.  Diet. 

Cotton,  John,  1640-1609,  minister  at  Plymouth, 
Mass.,  son  of  the  preceding,  revised  and  corrected  Eliot  3 
Indian  Bible,  printed  at  Cambridge  in  1685. 

Cotton,  John,  d.  1757,  in  the  64th  year  of  his  age, 
minister  of  Newton,  M.ass.,  great-grandson  of  the  first- 
named  John  Cotton.     Serms.,  1728,  '29,  '34   '39,  '53 

Cotton,  John,  d.  17S9,  aged  77,  first  minister  of 
Halifax  Mass.,  great-grandson  of  the  first-named  John 
Cotton. '  Two  Serms.,  1757.    Baptism.    Hist,  of  Plymouth 

Cotton,  Josiah,  16S0-1756,  father  of  the  preceding, 
compiled  and  left  in  MS.  a  copious  English  and  Indian 
Vocabulary.     He  had  four  sons  who  were  ministers.         ^ 

Cotton,  Nathaniel,  1707-1788,  an  English  physi- 
cian and  poet,  was  noted  for  his  skill  in  the  treatment  of 
insanity,  and  had  a  private  establishment  for  lunatics. 
Obs.  on  Sc:irlet  Fever,  Lon.,  1749.  Svo.  Visions  in  Verse, 
1761  '64  Works  in  Prose  and  Verse,  1791,  2  vols.  12mo. 
Marriage,  a  Vision;  being  an  addit.  to  J.  Macgowen  on 

Marriage,  1811,  Svo.  »  „f  .i.^ 

'■  He  i1  truly  a  Dhilosopher,  according  to  my  judgment  ot  the 
char.acter,  every  tittle  of  his  knowledge  in  natural  subjects  being 
connected  in  his  mind  with  the  firm  belief  in  an  omnipotent  agent. 
— Cowper;  who  had  been  Dr.  C.'s  patient. 

Cotton,  It.  v.,  M.D.  On  Consumption:  its  Nature, 
Symptoms,  and  Treatment.  To  which  Essay  was  awarded 
the  Fothcrgillian  Gold  Medal  of  the  Medical  Society  of 
London.  Lon.,  1852,  Svo. 

■•  Notwithstanding  the  hackneyed  nature  of  the  subject,  and 
the  multitude  of  works  which  have  appeared  upon  phthisis,  the 
present  work  is  of  verv  considerable  interest,  from  the  clear  and 
simple  manner  in  which  it  is  arranged,  and  from  the  use  made  by 
the  author  of  the  ample  materials  placed  at  his  disposal  at  the 
Brouiptou  Hospital."— J/erfic.i!  T'mra.  .     ,  r.    ■  a 

Phthisis  and  the  Stethoscope  :  a  concise  Practical  Guide 
to  the  Physical  Diagnosis  of  Consumption,  1851,  fp.  Svo. 
Cotton,  Richard  Lynch,  D.D.     Provost  of  Wor- 
cester College,  Oxford,  formerly  Vicar  of   Denchworth. 
The  Way  of  SaIv.ation,  a  series  of  Serms.,  Oxf.,  1837,  Svo. 
Cotton,  Sir   Robert    Bruce,   1570-1631,  an  emi- 
nent antiqu,ary,  a  native  of  Denton,  Huntingdonshire,  Init 
a  descendant  of  Robert  Bruce,  was  educated  at  Trinity 
College,  Cambridge.     He  was  created  a  knight  upon  the 
accession  of  James  I.,  and  was  highly  esteemed  by  the 
king  and  principal  statesmen,  who  often  solicited  his  ad- 
vice.    In  1629  he  was  .arrested  and  confined  in  the  Tower, 
in  eonsenuence  of  a  manuscript,  which  proposed  a  plan  by 
which  the  king  could  enslave  his  subjects,  being  traced  to 
his  library.     It  was  the  production  of  Sir  Roliert  Dudley, 
and  Sir  Robert  Cotton  seems  to  have  been  unconscious  even 
of  its  possession.     Upon  his  innocence  being  made  ap- 
parent, he  was  released,  and  his  liberty  restored  to  him. 
This  was  a  severe  blow  to  the  excellent  man,  and  he  never 
regained  his  strength  of  body  or  cheerfulness  of  mind. 

"  When  1  went  several  times  to  visit  and  comfort  him  in  the  year 
1630.  he  would  tell  me  '  they  had  broken  his  heart  that  had  locked 
up  his  library  from  him.'  He  was  so  outworn,  within  a  few  months, 
with  anguish  and  grief  as  his  face,  which  had  been  f.  irmerly  ruddy 
and  well  coloured,  (such  as  the  picture  1  have  of  hm  shows,)  was 
wholly  changed  into  a  grim  blackish  paleness,  near  to  the  resem- 
blance and  hue  of  a  dead  visage."— Sir  Simonds  D  Ewes. 

He  died  of  a  fever  at  Westminster  in  the  next  year. 
His  noble  library,  the  fruit  of  many  years'  collections,  re- 
ceived augmentations  from  his  son  and  grandson,  and  was 
deposited  in  the  British  Museum  in  1753.  It  had  suffered 
severely  from  a  fire  in  1731.  Its  inestimable  value  is  too 
well  known  to  require  any  enlargement  upon  the  subject. 
Sir  Robert  wrote  many  historical,  antiquarian,  and  poli- 
tical treatises.  For  a  particular  account  of  them,  see  re- 
ferences below.  Wo  notice  a  few:  Life  and  Raigno  of 
Henry  III.  of  England,  1627,  4to.  A  Treatise  against 
Recusants,  in  Defence  of  the  Oath  of  Allegiance,  1641,  4to. 
Warrs  with  Foreign  Princes  dangerous  to  our  Common- 
wealth, 1657,  Svo.  Abridgt.  of  the  Records  (Rolls  of  Par- 
liament) in  the  Tower,  with  addits.  by  Win.  Prynne,  16o7, 
2  vols  fol.  Narrative  of  Count  Gondomar's  Trajisactions 
during  his  Embassy  to  England,  1659,  4to.  The  King's 
Revenue.  Discourse  of  Foreign  War,  1690,  Svo.  Many 
of  his  Pieces  will  be  found  in  Hearne's  Discourses,  and 
also  in  Cottoni  Posthuma:  Divers  choice  Pieces  of  that 
renowned  Antiquary,  ,'iir  Robert  Cotton,  by  J.  (.araes) 
H.  (owell.)  Lon.,  1051,  '72,  '79,  Svo.  Also  refer  to  Biog. 
Brit. ;  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit. :  Lowndes's  Bibl.  Manual ;  Pref. 
to  Planta's  Cottonian  Cat.,  1S02,  fob;  Life  prefixed  to  Dr. 
.'Smith's  Cat,,  1696;  Nichols's  Leicestershire;  Hist,  ot 
Hinckley;  Life  of  Bowycr:  Bridgmnn's  Legal  Uibl.j  t,cnt. 
Mag.,  1767;  Chalmers's  Biog.  Diet.;  Cunningbam  3  Biog. 


COT 

Hist. ;  Dihdin's  Bibliomania.  For  a  recent  description  of 
the  Cottoninn  Library,  see  the  excellont  Ilanil  Book  to  the 
library  of  the  Brit.  Museum,  by  Richard  Sims,  Lon.,  185-1, 
ISmo.     It  may  be  said  without 

'•  Ex.<igp:eriition,  that  the  writers  upon  the  history  and  antiquities 
of  Great  Urit-tin  and  Ireland  have  been  more  iiidelited  to  the  in- 
exhaustible treasures  of  the  Cottonian  Library  than  to  all  other 
sources  together." 

There  can  be  no  question  that  Sir  Robert  Cotton  is  en- 
titled to  a  place  in  tlio  first  rank  of  England's  learned  an- 
tiquaries ;  a  noble  array,  truly  ! 

"The  name  of  .Sir  Kobt-rt  Cotton  must  alwavs  be  mentioned 
with  honour;  his  memory  cannot  fail  of  exciting  the  warmest 
sentiments  of  gratitude  while  the  smallest  regard  ftir  learning  sub- 
sists among  us." — De.  SAMUti.  Johnson. 

See  Gale's  eloquent  tribute — "  quisquis  bona  fide  Histo- 
riam  nostram,"  Ac. — in  Rer.  Anglia  Script,  Vet.  i.  pra;f.  3. 

Cotton,  Roger.  Direction  to  the  Waters  of  Lyfe, 
Lon.,  1590,  Ito.  Treatise,  4to.  Armour  nf  Proofe  brought 
from  the  Tower  of  David  to  fight  against  the  Spannyardcs 
and  all  Enimios  of  the  Truetb,  1 590,  4to.  Spirituall  Songs, 
1596,  4to. 

Cotton,  \V.  C.     My  Bee  Book,  Lon.,  1842,  p.  Svo. 

"One  of  the  most  elegant  volumes  that  ever  graced  a  library- 
table.  .  .  The  perfection  of  a  scrap-book  for  the  gentleman  or  lady 
bee-keeper." — ton.  Quar.  Review. 

Two  Letters  to  Cottagers  on  Bees :  1.  On  Bee  Manage- 
ment. 2.  On  the  Natural  Theology  of  Bees,  1843,  12mo. 
Short  and  Simple  Letters  to  Cottagers,  1844,  12mo. 

Cottrcll,  C.  II.  Don  Carlos,  a  Dramatic  Poem,  Lon., 
Svo;  2ded.,1844.  RccoUectionsof  Siberia  in  1S40, '41, 1843, 
Svo.  Relig.  Move,  of  Germany,  1849,  Svo.  Trans,  of  C.  J. 
Bunsen's  Egypt's  Place  in  Universal  History,  1848,  '53, 
2  vols.  Svo. 

"  The  fullest  and  most  ex.act  woi-k  that  hjis  hitherto  appeared  on 
the  interpretation  of  hieroglyphical  inscription." — Church  of  Evg. 
Quar.  Hcvitxu. 

"The  learned  author  is  one  of  the  most  erudite  and  accom- 
plished exposit^irs  of  ancient  Egyptian  learning." — Lou.  Ci-i/ic. 

The  Chevalier  is  also  favourably  known  as  a  learned 
writer  by  his  Constitution  of  the  Church  of  the  Future ; 
trans.,  1847,  p.  Svo.  Memoirs  of  the  Duchies  of  Sehleswig 
and  Holstein,  184S,  p.  Svo.  Hippolytus  and  his  Ago;  or 
The  Chris.  Church  of  the  Third  Cen  tury,  1852,  4  vols.  p.  Svo. 

Couch,  John.  Anabaptism.arum ;  or  Answer  to  a 
Kentish  Anabaptist,  made  in  the  year  1649,  Lon.,  1650,  4to. 

Couch,  Jonathan.  Illustrations  of  Instinct,  Lon., 
1847,  p.  Svo. 

"  This  volume  is  full  of  anecdote  which  must  delight  readers  of 
all  ages,  and  is  written  in  a  most  popular  and  unpretending  style." 
— BriUtntu'a. 

Couch,  Robert.     Praxis  Catholica,  by  C.  Pack,  1680. 

Couchman,   Giles.     An  Exhortation  or  Warninge, 
to  beware  of  greater  Plagues  and  Troubles  th.au  are  yet 
come  rpon  this  Realme,  for  the  Sinnes  .and  Wickedness 
that  has  been,  and  is  yet  dayly  committed  therein.    Lon 
1551,  Svo. 

Coucs,  Samuel  Elliot.  Outlines  of  a  System  of 
Mechanical  Philosophy ;  being  a  Research  into  the  Laws 
of  Force,  Boston,  1S51,  12mo. 

"  We  heartily  commend  this  work  to  philosophical  intiuirers,  as 
one  full  of  strength,  beauty,  and  oiiginality,  and  eminently  en- 
titled to  their  attention." — George  Ripley. 

Couleius,  Abrahamus.     See  Cowley. 

Couling,  Nich.  The  Saints  Perfect  in  this  Life  or 
never,  Lon.,  1647,  12mo. 

Coulson,  William,  Surgeon  to  the  Magdalen  Hos- 
pital, London.  Diseases  of  tho  Bladder  and  Prostate 
Gland,  4th  ed.,  1852,  Svo. 

"  We  strongly  recommend  it  to  the  attention  and  perusal  of  our 
readers." — Lon.  Lancet. 

Deformities  of  the  Chest  and  Spine,  2d  ed.,  1839,  p.  Svo. 
Diseases  of  tho  Hip  Joint,  2d  ed.,  1S41.  New  ed.  of  Lau- 
rence's trans,  of  Blumenbach's  Manual  of  Comparative 
Anatomy. 

"The  most  useful  elementary  work  on  Comparative  Anatomy 
which  we  yet  possess  is  the  Short  System  of  Professor  Blumen- 
bach."— ,S'«p.  to  Encijc.  Brit.,  art.  Animal  Anatomy. 

Trans,  of  Edwards's  Manual  of  Surgical  Anatomy. 

"  The  work  contains  a  great  deal  of  practical  information,  which 
cannot  tail  to  be  interesting  to  the  student  and  practitioner  The 
translation  is  well  executed,  and  Mr.  Coulson  has  increased  its 
value  by  the  addition  of  notes  containing  information  derived 
from  the  records  of  both  English  and  German  surgery."— ioH 
Mi'd.  and  Phi/s.  Jour. 

Coult,  Nich.     Patterne  of  True  Repentance,  1595. 

Coultas,  Harland.  Principles  of  Botanv,  as  exempli- 
fied  in  tlio  Cryptoganiia.  with  Illus.,  Phila.,  1853,  12mo. 

Coulter,  John,  M.D.  Adventures  in  tho  Pacific, 
Dubl.,  1S45,  p.  Svo.  Adventures  on  the  Western  Coast 
of  South  America,  and  in  the  Interior  of  California,  Lon., 
1847,  2  vols.  p.  Svo. 


COU 

"Kvery  page  teems  with  adventure  of  the  mo.st  extraordinary 
and  most  racy  kind." — Lon.  Naval  and  Milt.  O'az. 

"  In  energy  and  power  of  observation  it  resembles  Danipier  and 
the  otlirr  old  voy.agers." — Jtrnild's  Paper. 

Coulthard,  Clara.  Poems,  16mo.  Rhymes  for  an 
Hour,  1S42,  ISmo.     Prayers  and  Hymns,  1845,  ISmo. 

Coulthart,  J.  R.     Decimal  Interest  Table.  Lon.,  Svo. 

Coulthurst,  II.  W.,  D.D.     Sermon,  1796. 

Coultou,  David  Trevena.  Inquiry  into  the  Au- 
thorsbij)  of  tho  Letters  of  Junius.  Fortune  :  a  Story  of 
London  Life,  3  vols.  p.  Svo,  1S53. 

"All  is  reality  about  it :  the  time,  the  characters,  and  the  inci- 
dents. In  its  reality  consist  its  charm  and  its  merit.  It  is,  in- 
deed, an  extraordinary  work,  and  has  introduced  to  the  world  of 
fiction  a  new  writer  of  singularability,  with  a  genius  more  like  that 
of  Bulwer  than  any  to  whom  we  can  compare  it." — Lon.  Critic. 

Coultou,  James  Trevena.  Doctrine  of  the  Bible, 
1805.  Svo. 

Counsel!,  George.     Midwifery,  Lon.,  1752,  12mo. 

Couper,  Catherine  M.  A.  Visits  to  Beechwood 
Farm,  Lon.,  1S47,  16mo.  Lucy's  Half  Crown,  ISmo. 
Trans,  of  Wm.  Von  Humboldt's  Letters  to  a  Female  Friend. 

"  Remarkable  letters." — Westminster  Review. 

"We  have  seldom,  read  such  a  rendering  of  German  thought  into 
the  English  tongue." — Lnn.  Critic. 

Couper,  Robert,  M.D.  Poetry,  chiefly  in  the  Scottish 
Language,  1802,  2  vols.  ]2mo.  Med.  Treatise,  1803,  Svo. 
The  Tourifieations  of  Malachi  Meldrum,  1803,  2  vols.  12mo. 
Hist,  of  Brit.  Isles,  1807,  Svo. 

Courayer,  Peter  Francis,  1681-1776,  a  French 
divine  of  the  Roman  Catholic  Church,  after  a  careful  ex- 
amination became  satisfied  of  the  validity  of  the  orders  of 
the  Church  of  England,  and  drew  up  a  treatise  entitled, 
Dissertation  sur  la  validite  des  Ordinations  dos  Anglois, 
et  sur  la  Succession  des  Eveques  de  I'Eglise  Anglicane : 
avec  les  preuves  justificatives  des  faits  avancez  dans  cet 
ouvrage;  printed  at  Nancy  (though  Brussels  appears  on 
the  title)  in  1723,  2  vols.  Svo.  It  was  tran.s.  into  English 
by  tlie  Rer.  Daniel  W^illiams.  and  pub.  in  Lon.,  1725,  Svo; 
2d  ed.,  1727;  new  ed.,  Oxf.,  1S44,  Svo.  In  1726  Couray 
pub.  a  Defence  de  la  Dissertation,  Ac,  Brux.,  4  vols.  12ino. 
Tho  Defence  was  also  trans,  by  AVilliams,  Lon.,  1728, 
2  vols.  Svo.  Tho  new  Oxf  ed.  Botiod  above  docs  not 
contain  the  "  Defence."  In  1727  b«  received  the  degree 
of  D.D.  from  the  University  of  Oxford.  Bting  subjected 
to  much  censure  at  home  on  account  of  this  wnrk,  and 
anticipating  personal  danger,  he  look  refuge  in  England, 
where  he  resided  from  1728  until  hie  death  in  1776.  He 
attended  the  services  of  the  Church  of  England,  but  never 
renounced  the  communion  of  the  Church  of  Rome.  He 
pub.  a  Letter  to  Card,  de  Noailles,  Lon.,  172S,  Svo,  trans, 
of  Father  Paul's  Hist,  of  the  Council  of  Trent,  1736,  2  vols, 
fob,  and  a  trans,  of  Sleidau's  Hist,  of  the  Reformation, 
1767,  3  vols.  4to.  His  declaration  of  his  last  sentiinents 
on  the  subject  of  religion  was  pub.  in  French,  by  W.  Bell, 
D.D.,  in  1787,  Svo,  (also  pub.  in  English,)  and  a  Tre.atise 
on  the  Trinity,  in  French,  appeared  in  1810. 

Courcy,  Richard  De.     See  De  CorccT. 

Coureen.    Catastrophe.  &c.  rel.  to  E.  I.  Company,  1644. 

Court.     Trans,  of  Josephus,  Lon.,  1733,  fol. 

Courtail,  John.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1760,  4to. 

Courtenay,  Charles.  Eiesion;  a  Novel.  1809,  2  vols. 

Courtenay,  Edward  II.  Trans,  of  Bouch.arlat's 
Mechanics,  with  addits.  and  emendations,  New  York,  Svo. 

Courtenay,  Henry  Reignald,  Bishop  of  Bristol, 
1794;  translated  to  Exeter,  1797.  Fast  Serm.,  1796,  4to. 
Charge,  1796,  4to. 

Courtenay,  John,  M.P.,  1741?-1816,  a  native  of 
Ireland.  Commission  of  the  Treasury,  1806.  Poetical 
Review  «i  the  Literary  ami  M.iral  Character  of  Dr.  Saml. 
Johnson,  1786,  4to.  Philos.  Kcflec.  on  the  French  Revo- 
lution, in  a  Letter  to  Dr.  Priestley,  1790,  Svo. 

"Mr.  Courtenay  is  a  true  believer  in  the  Iloi-atian  precept :  no 
one  more  frequently  substitutes  tlie  ridiculnm  for  the  acre,  nor 
comes  to  the  discussion  of  grave  matters  with  a  more  laughing 
countenance." — Lon.  Monthly  Review,  1790. 

Manners.  Arts,  and  Politics  of  France  and  Italy,  in  Po- 
etical  Epistles,  1792,  '93,  1794,  Svo.  Poet,  and'  Pliilos. 
Essay  on  the  French  Revolution,  addressed  to  Mr.  Burke, 
1793,  Sve. 

Courtenay,  Rt.  Hon.  Thomas  Peregrine,  M.P. 
Obs.  on  the  American  Treaty,  being  a  Contin.  of  the  Let- 
ters of  Deeius,  1808,  Svo.  S'tate  of  the  Nation,  1811.  Svo. 
Treatise  on  the  Poor  Laws,  1818,  Svo.  Letter  to  Lord 
Grenville  on  tho  Sinking  Fuml.  182S.  Sir  William  Temple, 
his  Life  and  Times,  with  his  Unpub.  Essays  and  Corresp., 
1836,  2  vols.  Svo. 

"  It  is  in  every  sense  an  important  addition  to  the  Hlirary.  and 
will  no  doubt  find  a  place  in  every  sterling  collection." — Lon.  Lit, 
Gazette. 


cou 


'■  Fairly  entitled  t«  the  praise  of  diligence,  care,  good  sense,  and 
impartiality."-T.  B.  JUnAULAT:  see  Edin.  Kev    Oct.  1838. 

eommentaries  on  the  Hist.  Plays  of  Sbakspeare,  184U, 

2  vols.  p.  8to. 

"  An  almost  inseparable  companion  to  Shakspeare  s  Flays.  .  .  ■ 
The  production  of  a  scholar  and  a  gentleman  of  refined  taste  ana 
acute  judi^ment." — Lon  Literary  Gazette, 

Courthope,  Sir  William.  Synopsis  of  the  Eitinct 
Baronetage  of  England.  Lon.,  18.35,  p.  Svo. 

'■  A  most  useful  book  of  reference  to  the  genealogist,  the  anti- 
quarian, and  the  lawyer." 

Courtier,  Peter  L.     Poems,  Ac,  Lon.,  1795-181.3. 
Courtney,  Mrs.  Isuliinda,  a  Novel,  1796,  3  vols.  12mo. 
Courtney,  John.     1.  Serm.    2.  Parish  Registers, 
1812,  Svo. 

Consin.     See  Cosm.  _ 

Coustos,  John.     Sufferings  in  Inquisition,  174b. 
Couteau,  J.  B.     Confessions  of,  Lon.,  1794,  2  vols. 

12mo: A  satire  of  the  depravity  of  French  manners, 

written  by  Robt.  Jophson. 

Couton,  John.     The  English  Gil  Bias ;  or,  the  Atl- 
ventures  of  tiabriel  Tangent,  Lon.,  1807,  3  vols. 

Coutts,  Robert,  born  1803,  of  Brechin,  Scotland. 

Serms.,  2d  ed.,  Lon.,  1808,  8vo  ;  3d  ed.,  Edin.,  1847, 12mo. 

Cove,  Augustus.     Tocsin  Sounded,  1813,  Svo. 

Cove,  Morgan,      Preb.  of  Hereford.     Revenues  of 

the  Ch.  of  England,  Lon.,  1797,  Svo;  1816.    Inquiry  resp. 

Tithes.  1800.  Svo.  ,    „,    .  , 

Covel,    John,   D.D.,   1638-1722,   Fellow   of   Christ 

Church,  Cambridge,  and  Master,  1688,  resided  7  years  at 

Constantinople,  as  Chaplain  to  the  Embassy.     Account  of 

the  present  Greek  Church,  Camb.,  1722,  fol. 

Covell,  1..  T.,  an  American  author.  Prim.  Grammar, 
1814.     Digest  of  Eng.  Grammar,  1852  ;  adopted  by  many 

schools.  „     ,      ,    ..^    ,       T, 

Covell,  William.  Defence  of  Hooker's  Eccles.  Po- 
lity, Lon.,  10113,  4to.  Examination  of  some  things  in 
Ch.  of  Eng.,  1604,  4to.  Answer  to  an  Apology  by  John 
Surges,  1606,  4to. 

Covell,William.  1.  Letter.  2.  Proclamation, Lon.,tol. 
Coven,  Stei>heu.  The  Militant  Christian,  1781, 12mo. 
Coventry,  Andrew,  M.D.,  d.  1830,  was  Professor  of 
Agriculture  in  the  University  of  Edinburgh.  Discourse 
explanatory  of  the  nature  and  plan  of  a  course  of  lectures 
on  Agriculture  and  Rural  Economy,  Edin.,  1808,  Svo. 
Observations  on  Live  Stock,  in  a  letter  to  Henry  Clive, 
Esq.,  Svo.  Notes  on  the  culture  and  cropping  of  Arable 
Land,  1812,  Svo. 

'■  The  professional  life  of  the  author  was  distinguished  by  much 
sound  inf.irmatiou  and  a  very  discreet  judgment."— /)o»Ml<isMiS 
AqricuU.  Bifyq. 

"Coventry,  Lord.  Journal  of  his  Embassy,  bar., 
1667,  4to.  „      ,  , 

Coventry,  Francis,  d.  1759,  educated  at  Magdalen 
Collei'e.  Cambridge,  Curate  of  Edgeware.  Penhurst,  a 
Poem°1750;  rcpub.  in  Dodfley's  CoUec.  Absurdities  of 
Modern  Gardening;  a  paper  pub.  in  The  World.  Pompey 
the  Little,  a  Satirical  Romance,  1751. 

"  Pompey  is  the  hasty  production  of  5Ir.  Coventry,  (cousin  to 
him  you  know,)  a  young  clergyman.  I  found  it  out  by  three  ch.y 
racte'rs,  which  made  part  of  a  comedy  that  he  shewed  me,  of  his 
own  writing." — Gray^  Vie  Fwi.  to  Horace  Wolpole. 

Coventry,  Henry,  d.  1752,  referred  to  by  Mr.  Gray 
as  a  cousin  of  the  preceding,  a  Fellow  of  Magdalen  Col- 
lege, pub.  Letters  of  Philemon  to  Hydaspes,  relating  a 
Conversation  with  Hortcnsius  upon  the  Sulijcct  of  False 
Religion,  in  5  parts,  Lon.,  1736,  '37,  '38,  '41,  '44.  Svo.  He 
■was  also  one  of  the  writers  of  the  Athenian  Letters. 

Coventry,  Thomas,  Lord  Keeper  of  the  Great  Seal 
of  England  lemp.  Charles  II.,  1578-1640.  Answer  to  the 
Petition  against  Recusants.  Fees  of  C.  Pleas,  Chancery, 
Ac.  Prothonotary'sandChanceryFees,1644,12mo.  Wood 
enumerates  9  speeches  of  his  lordship.  1625,  '26,  '27,  '28; 
and  other  papers  of  his  occur  among  the  Harleian  MSS. ; 
see  Nos.  2207  and  3305. 

Coventry,  Thomas.  A  New  and  Readable  Edition 
of  Coke  upon  Littleton,  Lon.,  1830,  Svo. 

''  Certain  parts  regarded  as  antiquated  are  omitted,  which  we 
regard,  however,  as  a  defect  more  than  a  recommendation.'' — Hoff- 
man's Legal  Study. 

Concise  Forms  in  Conveyancing,  4th  ed.,  Lon.,  IS.ii, 

12mo. 

'■  The  attempt  to  shorten  Conveyances  by  legislative  enactment 
is  hopeless;  it  must  bo  left  to  the  good  sense  and  honour  of  the 
Conveyancer." — Su{/dtn's  Ansiver  to  Huinpltreys. 

T.  C.  and  Samuel  Hughes,  Analytical  Digested  Index 
to  the  Common  Law  Reports,  Hen.  III.  to  George  III., 
Lon.,  1828,  2  vols.  Svo:  Phila.,  1832. 

'■  This  Digest  is  very  well  arranged,  and  will  answer  as  a  pretty 
good  substitute  for  tlio  Old  Reports." — Marvin's  Legal  Bibi. 


COW 

Other  leal  compilations.  In  a  notice  of  his  Convey- 
ancer's Evi°lence,  Lon.,  1832,  Svo,  in  the  Law  Magazine, 
some  faults  are  noticed,  and  the  following  compliment 
passed  upon  Mr.  Coventry's  publications  generaUy  ; 

■■In  London  his  books  have  long  since  found  their  level,  and  no 
books  could  tind  a  lower  one." 

Coventry,  Sir  William,  M.P.,  1626-1686,  youngest 
son  of  Lord  Keeper  Coventry,  educated  at  Queen's  College, 
Oxford,  filled  several  public  posts  with  great  credit.  Eng- 
land's Appeal  from  the  Cabal  at  Whitehall  to  Parliament, 
Lon  1673,  4to.  Letter  to  Bishop  Burnet  resp.  Cardinal 
Pole'  Abbey  Lands,  i-c,  1685,  4to.  Character  of  a  Trim- 
mer,'1st  ed.,  anon.;  2d,  1689,  12mo;  1697.  Wood  and 
some  later  authorities  ascribe  the  Character  of  a  Trimmer 
to  Sir  William,  but  the  credit  has  been  transferred  to  the 
Marquis  of  Halifax  and  others. 

'■This  niece  is  in  the  Miscellanies  of  the  Marquis  of  Hali&x, 
whose  mother  was  sister  to  Sir  William  Coveutrie  "-Lovedav.  See 
Echard,  and  Bliss's  Wood's  Athcn.  Oxon.,  iv.  193. 

■  It  will  he  seen  that  I  believe  Ilalifa.'c  to  have  been  the  author, 
or  at  least  one  of  the  authors,  of  the  Character  of  a  Trimmer 
which,  for  a  time,  went  under  the  name  of  his  kinsman,  Su-  W  illiam 
Coventry.'— il/<icaufa.v's  Hist,  of  Knghnd.  Head  Mr.  M.s  admi- 
rable sketch  of  the  character  of  Halifax. 

The  Character  of  a  Trimmer  has  been  reprinted  by  Dun- 
can, a  London  publisher.  _.    ,    ,  . 

Coverdale,  Miles,  1487-1568,  a  native  of  Yorkshire, 
was  educated  at  the  house  of  the  Augustine  friars  at  Cam- 
bridge.   He  became  an  Augustine  monk,  and  was  ordained 
at  Norwich  in  1514.     He  afterwards  embraced  the  princi- 
ples of  the  Reformation,  and  was  one  of  its  most  zealous 
promoters.     In  1532  he  was  abroad,  and  assisted  Tyndale 
in  his  trans,  of  the  Bible.     In  1535,  fol.,  appeared  his  own 
trans,  of  the  Scriptures,  being  the  first  impression  of  the 
whole  Bible  in  English.     An  account  of  this  version,  and 
the  sources  from  which  it  is  drawn,  will  be  found  m  Mr. 
Whittaker's  Inquiry  into  the  Interpretations  of  the  Scrip- 
tures, and  a  bibliographical  account  of  the  original  edit, 
is  prefixed  to  a  reprint  in  1838,  4to.     Mr.  Lowndes  could 
only  discover  one  perfect  copy.     One  nearly  perfect  is  in 
the  British  Museum.     A  copy  with  the  title  and  two  fol- 
lowing leaves  in  facsimile   was  sold  at  auction  for  £89  5«. 
In  1538  a  quarto  New  Testament  in  the  Vulgate  Latin,  and 
Coverdale's  English  was  pub.     So  an.xious  was  he  to  dis- 
seminate a  knowledge  of  the  word  of  God,  that  in  the  same 
year  he  again  visited  the  Continent,  to  superintend  a  new 
edit,  of  the  Bible,  as  it  could  be  printed  cheaper  and  better 
in  Paris.     2500  copies  were  struck  off,  when  the  Inquisi- 
tion interfered,  and  committed  them  to  the  flames.     The 
presses,  types,  and  printers  were  transferred  to  England, 
and  in  1539  Cranmer's,  or  the  Great  Bible,  was  issued  from 
the  ofiice  of  Grafton  and  Whitchurch.     For  many  years 
Coverdale  now  enjoyed  the  opportunity  of  labouring  for 
the   spiritual    enlightenment  of   his   countrymen.      As  a 
preacher  he  was  in  high  esteem  with  the  people ;  his  value 
was  recognised  by  those  in  authority,  also;  and  in  IjjI 
he  was  raised  to  the  see  of  Exeter.     Upon  the  accession 
of  Marv,  in  1553,  he  was  deprived  of  his  bishopric,  cast 
into  prison,  and  confined  for  two  years.     When  released, 
he  visited  the  Continent,  where  he  remained  untd  Eliza- 
beth became  Queen  of  England.     Coverdale  now  returned 
to  England,  and  brought  home  some  notions  of  the  Geneva 
school  with  regard  to  vestments,  which  were  not  calculated 
to  recommend  him  to  preferment.     Bishop  Grindal,  who 
ineffectually  endeavoured  to  aid  him  at  court,  collated  him 
to  the  rectory  of  St.  Magnus,  near  old  London  Bridge, 
which  he  retained  until   1556,  shortly  before  his  death. 
His    publications    were    chiefly    translations    from    the 
writin.'S  of  the  foreign  Reformers.     A  list,  taken  princi- 
pally from  Ames  and  Herbert,  will  be  found  in  Chalmers  s 
Biog.  Diet.,  and  in  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit.     Of  his  Letters  of 
the''Martyrs,  1564,  a  new  edit,  was  pub.  by  Rev.  E.  Bick- 
ersteth  in   1837,  Lon.,  Svo.     Writings  and  translations, 
edit,  for  the  Parker  Society,  by  the  Rev.  George  Pearson, 
Camb    1844,  Svo.     Remains,  1846,  Svo.     Trans,  of  a  Spi- 
ritual Pearl,  Lon.,  1838,  ISmo,  and  in  Richmond's  Fathers, 
viii   793      Also  see  his  writings  in  Brit.  Reformers,  xii. 
See  Bale  and  Tanner ;  Strype's  Life  of  Cranmer ;  Parker 
Memorials;  Annals;  Biog.  Brit.  ,      „  , 

Coverley,  Sir  Roger  de.     A  Cure  for  the  _Spleen  ; 
or.  Amusement  for  a  Winter's  Evening,  Anver.,  li  i5,  Svo. 
Covert,  Nicholas.  Serivincr's  Guide,  1716,  2  vols.  Svo. 
Covcrte,  Captain  Robert.     A  trve  and  almost  in- 
credible Report  of  an  Englishman  that  travelled  by  Land 
through  many  vnknowne  Kingdomcs  and  great  Cities,  Lon.. 
1612,  4to.     Reprinted  in  Osborne's  ^  oyages,  ii.  236  ;  1745. 
Cowan,  Andrew,  M.D.     General  Education,  180,1, 
2  vols. 


cow 


cow 


Cowan,  Charles.  Article  "  Paper*'  in  Encyc.  Brit, 
7th  edit 

'•A  luminous  and  accurate  account  of  the  newest  processes  and 
the  most  improved  niarhinery  used  in  the  manufacture  of  this  ar- 
ticle.''— Birmutglia  m  Herald. 

Cowan,   Charles,   M.D.     Trans,  of  Louis  on  Con- 
sumption. Lon.,  8vo. 
'■An  excellent  t ranslat ion  ofa  most  excellent  work." — Lon.Lancet. 

Phrenolo^v  consistent  with  Science  and  Religion,  1841, 
12mo.     Beds-ide  Manual,  2d  ed.,  1842,  ISmo, 

Cowan,  James,  1738-1795.   Serras.,  Edin.,  1795,  8vo. 

Coward,  John.  The  Gospel  Preached,  Ac,  Lon., 
1803,  Svo. 

Coward,  William,  of  Walthamstow,  founded  a  Lec- 
ture, at  which  Hubbard,  Guyse,  Godwin,  and  others 
preached.  12  Serms.,  Lon.,  1729,  Svo;  Christ's  Luveli- 
ness  and  Glory.     54  Serms.,  1757,  2  vols.  Svo. 

"  Hiirbly  and  deservedly  esteemed."' — Dr.  E.  Williams. 

Coward,  William,  M.D.,  1656-1725,  educated  at 
Hart  Hall  and  Wadham  College,  Oxford,  trans.  Dryden's 
Absalom  and  Achitophel  in  Latin,  and  pub.  some  medical 
and  poetical  works.  His  Licentia  Poetica  discussed,  ap- 
peared in  1709,  Svo.  He  is  best  known,  however,  by  his 
Second  Thoughts  concerning  the  Human  Soul,  by  Estibius 
Psychalettres,  1702;  2d  ed.,  1704,  Svo.  This  work  was 
answered  by  William  Nichols,  in  his  Conference  with  a 
Theist,  169S-17U3 ;  by  John  Broughton.  in  his  Psychologia, 
1703;  and  by  John  Turner,  in  his  Vindication  of  the 
separate  Existence  of  the  Soul,  1703.  Coward  answered 
Turner  in  his  Further  Thoughts  upon  Second  Thoughts, 
and  Broughton  in  an  Epistolary  Reply  annexed  to  his 
Grand  Essay.  The  work  which  excited  this  controversy 
was  burnt  by  the  common  hangman  in  1704,  by  order  of 
Parliament 

"  It  is  an  elaborate  defence  of  the  doctrine  of  materialism,  and 
is  mentioned  in  this  place  because  of  the  quantity  of  critica^l  dis- 
quisition on  passages  of  Scripture  which  it  contains."— (Vmze's 
Bihl  Bib. 

Dr.  Coward  strongly  affirmed  that  he  never  intended  to 
promulgate  any  sentiments  contrary  to  religion  and  mo- 
rality. 

Cowdry,  Richard.  Pictures,  &c.  at  Wilton  House. 
1751. 

Cowe,  James.     Serm.,  &c.,  1797-1S06. 

Cowell,  J.  W.     Letters  on  Currency,  Lon.,  1843,  Svo. 

Cowell,  John,  1554-1611.  educated  at  King's  Col- 
lege, Cambridge.  Institutiones  juris  AngUcani,  &c.,  Can- 
tab., 1605,  Svo.  Written  after  the  method  of  Justinian's 
Institutes.  Law  Dictionary,  1607,  fol.  This  was  thought 
to  attack  the  principles  of  the  Common  Law,  and  was 
publicly  burned:  many  edits,  and  continued. 

"  It  is  an  excellent  glossary  to  Coke,  Littleton,  and  the  old  law- 
books, and  will  be  found  of  considerable  utility  to  a  modern  stu- 
dent of  English  law  and  antiquities."  See  Marvin's  Legal  Bibl.; 
1  Kent's  C«m.,  508. 

Cowell,  John.     The  Snare  Broken,  1677,  Svo. 

Cowell,  John,  a  gardener.  Atrcount  of  the  Olive  in 
Blossom ;  containing  an  account  of  the  Torch  Thistle, 
part  ii.  p.  33 ;  of  the  Glastonbury  Thorn,  part  ii.  p.  44. 
Lon..  1729.  Svo.  The  Curious  and  Profitable  Gardener, 
1730,  '32,  Svo. 

CoAVen,  E,  Civil  Jurisdiction  of  Justices  of  the  Peace 
of  the  State  of  New  York.  2  vols.  Svo,  1844.  New  York 
Reports,  1823-28.  9  vols. ;  8%^o,  1824-30.  Digested  Index 
of  Reports,  1831,  Svo.  Ed.  Phillipps  on  Evidence,  5  vols., 
1850. 

"I  have  long  considered  Mr.  Phillipps's  work  on  Evidence  as 
the  most  thoroufch,  accurate,  and  able  that  T  have  ever  seen ;  and 
I  have  used  it  mnie  constantly  than  anv  other." — Joseph  Story. 

Cowen,  Sidney  J.    2ded.  of  E.  Cowen's  Justice,  1841. 

Cowif,  George.     Dissenter's  Guide,  1799. 

Cowlard.     Kepublication  of  Devises.  Lon.,  1S33,  Svo. 

Cowley,  Captain.  Voyage  round  the  Globe.  See 
Hacke's  Voyages,  vol.  i.  1699.  and  Harris's  Vovages,  1702. 
Voyage  to  Magellanica  and  Polynesia,  1683.  "See  Callan- 
der's Voyages,  ii.  582,  1766. 

Cowley,  Abraham,  M.D.,  1618-1667,  a  poet  of  great 
eminence,  was  a  native  of  London,  where  his  father  was  a 
grocer.  His  taste  for  poetry  was  awakened  by  a  perusal 
of  the  poems  of  Spenser,  which  he  bad  devoured  with 
great  zest  before  he  was  12  years  of  age.  When  only  three 
years  older,  being  then  at  Westminster  School,  he  pub.  a 
volume  of  poems,  containing,  with  other  pieces,  the  tra^-i- 
cal  History  of  Pyramus  and  Thisbe,  written  at  the  age  of 
ten,  and  Constantia  and  Philetus,  composed  two  years 
later.     This  volume  was  entitled  Poetical  Blossoms. 

"  In  which  there  were  many  things  that  might  well  become  the 
vigour  and  force  of  a  manly  wit." — Dr.  Sprat. 

In  1636  he  was  removed  to  Trinity  College,  Cambridge, 
where  he  continued  his  poetical  pursuits.     In  163S  he  pub. 


his  Love*s  Riddle,  a  pastoral  comedy,  and  a  Latin  comedy 
called  Naufragium  Joculare.  or  the  Merry  Shipwreck. 

"  Written  without  due  attention  to  the  ancient  models;  for  it  is 
not  loose  verse,  but  mere  prose." 

In  1643  he  was,  with  others,  ejected  from  Cambridge  by 
parliamentary  influence,  and  retired  to  St.  John's  College, 
Oxford.  In  the  same  year  be  pub.  a  satire  entitled.  The 
Puritan  and  the  Papist.  Whilst  referring  to  bis  residence 
at  Oxford,  it  may  be  proper  to  state  by  anticipation,  that 
in  1657  the  university  granted  him  the  degree  of  M.D., 
but  he  never  practised  as  a  physician.  His  loyalty  and 
wit  recommended  him  to  the  favourable  notice  of  the  court, 
and  when  Oxford  was  surrendered  to  the  Parliament, 
Cowley  attended  the  queen  to  Paris,  where  he  was  secre- 
tary to  the  Earl  of  St.  Alban's.  and  agent  of  correspond- 
ence, by  means  of  cypher,  between  Charles  I.  and  his  con- 
sort He  remained  abroad  between  10  and  12  years,  and 
in  various  ways  was  zealously  devoted  to  the  royal  inte- 
rests, which  fidelity  excited  no  unreasonable  expectations 
of  reward  at  the  Restoration.  The  profligate  Charles, 
however,  like  most  profligates,  was  too  fond  of  his  own 
ease  to  care  for  the  comfort  of  others,  and  valued  the  last 
pleasure  above  the  first  friend.  A  real  or  pretended  offence 
at  his  comedy — The  Cutter  of  Coleman  Street — a  new 
edition  of  his  old  play  of  The  Guardian — afl'iirded  an  ex- 
cuse to  the  court  party  for  neglecting  his  claims  upon  the 
royal  favour.  The  disappointed  poet,  after  an  unsuccess- 
ful *'  Complaint"  (in  an  ode  so  called)  of  this  ingratitude 
— in  which  he  declared  that  his  desire  was  "  to  retire  to 
some  of  the  American  plantations,  and  forsake  the  world 
forever"  —  c<mcluded  to  retire  to  a  plantation  nearer 
home,  and  took  up  his  residence  first  at  Barn  Elms,  and 
subsequently  at  Chertsey.  He  found  a  country  life  more 
delightful  in  anticipation  than  in  reality:  his  country  neigh- 
bours were  as  debauched  in  their  morals  as  the  roysters 
of  London,  his  tenants  refused  to  pay  him  his  rents,  and 
his  grass  was  devoured  at  night  by  strange  cattle  quartered 
upon  the  London  gentleman  by  the  innocent  rustics  whose 
guileless  simplicity  and  honest  virtues  have  so  often  in- 
spired the  poetic  muse.  After  a  residence  at  Chertsey  of 
about  two  years,  he  caught  a  severe  cold,  attended  with  a 
fever,  which  proved  fatal  July  28,  1667,  in  his  49th  year. 
Sprat's  account  of  the  circumstances  connected  with  his 
last  days  differs  from  that  in  Spence's  Anecdotes,  but  this 
is  a  point  in  which  minute  accuracy  is  not  always  to  be 
expected.  Sprat  certainly  had  the  best  means  of  knowing 
the  truth.  When  the  ungrateful  king  heard  of  his  death, 
he  declared  that  ''he  had  not  left  a  better  man  behind 
him  ;"  but 

■'  Can  Flattery  soothe  the  dull,  cold  ear  of  Death?" 

We  return  to  his  works.  In  1647  he  pub.  his  Mistress, 
remarking  in  his  preface,  that 

"  Poets  are  scarcely  thouirht  freemen  of  their  company,  without 
paying  some  duties,  or  obli^'in^  themselves  to  be  true,  to  Love." 

Upon  his  return  to  England,  in  1656.  he  pub.  a  new  edit, 
of  all  his  poems,  consisting  of  four  parts:  viz. :  1.  Mis- 
cellanies. 2.  The  Mistress:  or  Love  Verses.  3.  Pindaric 
Odes.  4.  Davideis ;  a  Heroical  Poem  of  the  Troubles  of 
David.  In  1660  appeared  An  Ode  upon  the  Blessed  Re- 
storation of  King  Charles  II.  This  title  reminds  us  forci- 
bly of  Barrow's  admirable  Epigram  : 

"Te  magis  optavit  reditu  rnm,  Camle.  nemo, 

Et  nemo  sensit  te  rediisse  minus!" 
"Thy  restoration. royal  Charles,  X  see. 
By  none  more  wished,  by  none  less  fflt,  than  me!'* 

In  1661  he  pub.  his  Proposition  for  the  Advancement 
of  Experimental  Philosophy.  Whilst  in  England  he  wrote 
his  two  Books  of  Plants,  pub.  first  in  1662.  To  these  he 
afterwards  added  four  more  books,  and  all  the  six.  together 
with  his  other  Latin  puems,  were  printed  in  1678,  Svo, 
after  his  death,  under  the  title  of  Poemata  Latina.  viz. : 
Plantarum,lib.  vi.  cum  Notis;  Herborum,  Florum,  et  Syl- 
varum.  lib.  ii. ;  Miscellaneorum,  unus;  quibus  premittitur 
Autoris  vita,  per  T.  Sprat  conscripta. 

"Botany,  in  the  mind  of  Cowley,  turned  into  poetry." — Dr. 
Johnson. 

"The  two  first  books  treat  of  Herbs,  in  a  style  resemblinK  the 
elepes  of  Ovid  and  Tibullus:  the  two  next,  of  Flowers,  in  all  the 
variety  of  Catullus  and  Horace's  numbers,  and  the  two  last,  of 
Trees,  in  the  way  of  Virgil's  Geor^ncs.'' — Dr.  Sprat. 

A  later  critic  has  questioned  the  extent  of  Dr.  Cowley's 
acquaintance  with  the  modern  botanical  authors,  who  would 
have  proved  the  most  useful  to  his  researches  in  point  of 
accurate  knowledge. 

Cowley's  History  of  Plants,  with  Rapin's  Disposition  of 
Gardens,  a  Poem,  in  4  Books,  was  pub.  in  English  in  1795, 
12mo  :  the  former  trans,  by  N.  Tate  and  others,  the  latter 
by  James  Gardiner.  The'  Iron  Age,  pub.  1656  and  1675, 
Svo,  was  disclaimed  by  Cowley.     The  Poem  on  the  late 

437 


cow 


cow 


Civil  War  appeared  iu  1G79,  4to.     A  Di-scuursc,  by  "Way  j 
of  Vision,  concerning  the  Government  of   Oliver  Crom- 
well, pub.  1661.  4to,  is  commended  by  Bishop  Hurd  as  one 
ot  the  best  of  its  author's  prose  works.     It  will  be  found 
in  vol.  V.  of  the  Harlcian  Miscellany.     Cowley's  "Works, 
1669;   with   Life  bv   Thomas    Sprat.    B.D.,  1680,  12moj 
many  edits. :  1710-11,  3  vols.  Svo :  12th  ed.,  1721,  2  vols.  ' 
12mo.     Select  Works,  with  a  Preface  and   Notes  by  the  , 
Editor,  Bishop  Hurd,  1772-77,  3  vols.  p.  Svo.    Prose  AVorks,  I 
including  his  Essays  in  Prose  and  Verso,  1826,  cr.  Svo.  | 
The  edit  of  the  Poetical  Blossomes,  16^8,  4to,  is  of  great  i 
value  if  it  have  the  portrait  of  the  author;  Bibl.  Anglo- 
Poet.  140,  with  two  portraits  of  Cowley,  £16.     Cowley's 
prose  writings,  occupying  about  60   fulio  pages,  consist 
])rincipally  of  his  Essays,  which  are  of  a  high  order  of  ; 
merit.     They  have  none  of  the  affectation  and  love  of  con- 
ceit which  often  disfigure  his  poetry. 

'•  The  Essays  must  not  b«^  for^'otten.  M'hat  is  said  by  Sprat  of 
his  conrersatiun,  that  uo  man  could  draw  from  it  any  &uspioion  of 
his  excellence  iu  poetry,  may  be  applied  to  these  compositions.  No 
author  ever  kept  his  verse  and  bis  prose  at  a  greiiter  dihtanoo  from 
each  other.  His  thoughts  are  natural,  and  his  style  has  a  smooth 
and  placid  equability,  which  has  never  yet  obtained  its  due  com- 
mendation. Nothing  is  lar-sou^ht,  or  hard-laboured;  but  all  is 
easy  without  feebleness,  and  Ihmiliar  without  grossness." — Db. 
Johnson. 

'•  To  Cowley  we  may  justly  ascribe  the  formation  of  a  basis  on 
which  has  since  been  constructed  the  present  correct  and  admira- 
ble fabric  of  our  lanpuafje.  His  words  are  pure  and  well  chosen, 
the  collocation  simple  and  perspicuous,  and  the  members  of  his 
sentences  distinct  and  harmonious." — Dr.  Drake. 

Read  the  Essays  '*  Of  Myself,"  "  Poetry  and  Poets," 
a-nd  "Of  Procrastination."  The  "Vision  of  Oliver  Crom- 
well" may  also  be  mentioned  as  a  noble  specimen  of  a 
dignified  yet  graceful  style : 

*'  Cowley's  character  of  Oliver  Cromwell,  which  is  intended  as  a 
satire,  (though  it  certainly  produces  a  very  different  impression  on 
the  mind.  I  may  vie  for  truth  of  outline  and  force  of  colouring  with 
the  masterpieces  of  the  Greek  and  Latin  historians." — IIazlitt. 

Of  his  poetical  pieces,  the  general  favourites  will  be  found 
among  the  Anacreontics  and  the  Miscellanies.  The  lines 
on  the  death  of  Harvey,  and  the  Elegy  on  Crashaw,  the 
Ode  on  Wit,  the  Chronicle,  and  the  verses  to  Davenant, 
have  been  greatly  admired.  The  wit  by  which  Cowley 
was  so  highly  distinguished  is  of  a  character  which  pos- 
sesses but  little  charms  save  for  the  poet's  own  generation. 
But  by  that  generation,  and  for  some  years  after  bis  death, 
he  was  lauded  to  a  degree  which  appears  to  modern  readers 
very  extravagant. 

"  These  times  have  produced  many  excellent  jx^ts.  amoni?  whom, 
for  strength  of  wit,  Dr.  Abraham  Cooley  [Cowley]  justly  bears  the 
liell." — From  Baxter''s  Prefatory  Address  to  his  Poetical  Fragm»mts, 
1(381. 

"Clarendon  represents  him  as  having  taken  a  flight  beyond  all 
that  went  before  him;  and  Milton  is  said  to  have  declared,  that 
the  three  greatest  English  poets  were  Spenser.  Shakspeare,  and 
Cowley.  ...  It  has  been  obsei-ved  by  Felton.  in  his  Essay  on  the 
Classics,  that  Cowley  was  beloved  by  every  Muse  that  he  courted ; 
and  that  he  has  rivalled  the  Ancients  in  eveiy  kind  of  poetry  but 
Tragedy." 

Even  in  Pope's  days,  how  sadly  was  the  once  great 
Cowley  neglected ! 

"  Who  now  reads  Cowley  ?    If  he  pleases  yet, 
His  moral  pleases,  not  his  pointed  wit: 
Forgot  his  epic,  nay,  Pindaric  art. 
But  still  I  love  the  language  of  his  heart,'' 

Charles  Lamb,  in  a  Letter  to  Coleridge,  refers  to  the 
general  neglect  of  the  accomplished  author  of  Poetical 
Blossomes : 

"  In  all  our  comparisons  of  taste,  T  do  not  know  whether  I  have 
ever  heard  your  opinion  of  a  poet  very  dear  to  me,  though  now  out 
of  feshion — Cowley." 

The  reader  will  find  an  admirable  criticism  upon  the 
works  of  this  once  famous  author,  in  I)r.  Johnson's  Lives 
of  the  English  Poets,  an  extract  from  which  may  appro- 
priately conclude  our  article  : 

*'It  may  be  affirmed,  without  any  encomiastic  fervour,  that  he 
brought  to  his  poetic  labours  a  mind  replete  with  learning,  and 
that  his  pages  areembellished  with  all  the  ornaments  which  bnnks 
could  supply;  that  he  was  the  first  who  imjiaitrd  tn  Ent:li>h 
numbers  the  enthusiasm  of  the  greater  ode.  and  lln-  iravt-ty  of  the 
less;  that  he  was  i-qually  'inalified  for  sprightly  sallit-s  and  fur 
lofty  flights;  that  hr  wasaniung  those  who  freed  translation  from 
servility,  and,  instead  nf  fn|]nwiiig  his  author  at  a  distance,  walked 
by  his  side;  and  that,  if  he  left  versification  yet  improvable,  he 
left  likewise,  from  time  to  time,  such  specimens  of  excellence  as 
enabled  succeeding  poets  to  improve  it.*' 

Read  an  eloquent  paper  by  Mr.  Macaulay  in  his  Miscel- 
lanies, entitled  A  Conversation  between  Mr.  Abraham 
Cowley  and  Mr.  John  Milton,  touching  the  great  Civil 
War:  set  down  by  a  Gentleman  of  the  Middle  Temple. 

Cowley,  Haiinah,  17-i;j-lS09,  the  daughter  of  Philip 
Parkhouse,  of  Tivoiton,  in  Devonshire,  was  married  in 
her  25th  year  to  Captain  Cowley,  of  the  East  India  Com- 
pany.     In  1776  she  produced   the  Runaway,  a  Comedy, 


which  met  with  such  success  as  to  encourage  her  to  further 
attempts.  Her  works  principally  consist  of  dramatic 
pieces:  among  which  are  Who's  the  Dupe?  1779;  The 
Belle's  Stratagem,  1780 ;  A  Bold  Stroke  for  a  Hu.sband,  Ac. 
See  a  list  of  her  14  pieces  in  Biog.  Draniat.  Her  Poems, 
The  Maid  of  Arragon,  The  Scottish  Village,  and  the  Siege 
of  Acre,  have  been  highly  commended.  An  edit,  of  her 
AVorks.  with  a  memoir,  was  pub.  in  1S13,  3  vols.  Svo. 

"In  her  writings,  nothing  was  laboured;  all  was  spontaneous 
effusion:  she  had  nothing  of  the  drudge  of  literature;  and  fame 
was  not  half  as  much  her  object  as  the  pleasure  of  composition." 
— Bioy.  Dramatica. 

Cowley,  J.     Sailor's  Companion,  Lon.,  1740,  12mo. 
Cowley,  John  L.     Geometry  made  Easy,  Lon.,  1752, 
Svo ;  new  ed.,  by  Wm.  Jones,  1787.     On  Comets,  1757,  Svo, 
App.  to   Euclid's   Elements,  1759,  4to.     Theory  of   Per- 
spective Demonstrated,  1766,  4to. 

Cowper,  Allau.     Assize  Sermon,  1722,  Svo. 
Cowper,  Charles.     Sermon,  Lon.,  ]763,  4to. 
Cowper,  Henry.     Reports  of  Cases  C.  K.  B.,  Lon., 
1783,  fol. ;  2d  ed.,  1800,  2  vols.  Svo.    1st  Amcr.  ed.,  Bost., 
1809,  2  vols. ;  N.  York,  2  vols,  in  1,  by  J.  P.  Hall,  1833. 
'*A  very  accurate  and  v.iluable  collection." 
Cowper,  James,  M.D.     Narrative  of  the  efiects  of  a 
celebrated  niedi(_ine,  Lon.,  1760,  Svo. 
CoAvper,  John.     Sermon,  1752,  Svo. 
Cowper,  Robert.     See  Couper. 
Cowper,  Spencer,  D.D.,  1713-1774,  second  son  of 
the  Lord  High  Chancellor  Cowper,  was  educated  at  Exeter 
College,  Oxford.     Uo  became   Rector  of   Fordwich,  Pre- 
!  bendary  of  Canterbury,  and  Dean  of  Durham.     Speech, 
'  1752,  4to.     Serm.,  1753,  4to.     Discourse,  1773,  Svo.     Dis- 
sertation on  the  distinct  Powers  of  Reason  and  Revelation, 
1773,  Svo. 

Cowper,  William,  1566-1619,  Bishop  of  Galloway, 
was  educated  at  the  University  of  St.  Andrews.  Before 
his  elevation  to  the  episcopate,  he  preached  8  years  at 
Bothkennar,  in  Sterlingshire,  and  19  years  at  Perth.  His 
works,  consisting  of  serms.,  expositions  of  the  51st  and 
119th  Psalms,  and  theolog.  treatises,  pub.  1611, '12. '13, 
'14,  '16,  and  '18,  were  collected  in  1623,  fol.  This  vol,  in- 
cludes a  Comment,  on  Revelation,  then  first  pub.  His 
sermons  have  been  highly  praised: 

"  Perhaps  superior  to  any  sermous  of  that  age.  A  vein  of  pi-ac- 
tical  piety  runs  through  all  his  evangelical  instructions;  the  style 
is  remarkable  for  ease  and  fluency ;  and  the  illustrations  are  strik- 
ing and  happy."— Dr.  McCbie. 

'■  Dr.  McCrie's  character  of  the  sermons  will  apply  to  the  expo- 
sitions."— Orme. 

'•An  excellent  writer — full  of  devotion,  ChristLiu  experience,  and 
consolation." — Bickeksteth. 

Cowper,  AVilliam.  Catalogue  of  the  Chemical  Works 
written  in  English;  in  3  parts,  Lon.,  1672,  '75,  Svo. 

Co'wper,  William.  Charge  at  the  General  Quarter 
Sessions  of  the  City  and  Liberty  of  Westminster,  Oct.  19, 
1719.  Svo.  The  same,  April,  1730,  Svo.  The  same,  June, 
1736.  Svo. 

Cow^jer,  William,  1666-1709,  a  surgeon  and  anato- 
mist of  eminence,  was  a  native  of  Hampshire.     Myotamia 
Reformata ;  or  A  New  Administration  of  all  the  Muscles 
of   the   Human   Body,  Lon.,  1694,  Svo;  an  edit,  by  Dr. 
1  Mead,  with  an   Introduction  on  Muscular  Motion.  1724. 
The  Anatomy  of  Human  Bodies:  illustrated  with  114  cop- 
':  per-plates,  Oxf.,  ]69S,  fol.     The  publication  of  this  work 
'  led  to  a  warm  controversy  with  Godfrey  Bidloo,  the  Ger- 
:  man  anatomist.     The  latter  accused  Cowper  of  using  his 
plates.     Cowper  contributed  many  papers  to  Phil.  Trans., 
I  1694,  '96,  1702.  '03,  '05,  '12. 

CoAvper,  William,  M.D.,  d.  1767,  practised  physic  at 
Chester.  England.     Life  of  St.  Werburgh,  1749,  4to.     This 
is  said  to  have  been  stolen  from  the  MSS.  of  Mr.  Stone. 
The  Doctors  Cowper  seem  to  have  had  a  propensity  for 
availing  themselves  of  the  labours  of  others  :  see  above. 
II  Penseroso,  1767, 4to.     Dr.  C.  prepared  materials  for  his- 
tories of  the  town  and  county  of  Chester,  but  death  pre- 
vented the  comjilction  of  his  labours. 
I      Cowper,  William,  1731-lSOO,  one  of  the  most  emi- 
'  nent  of  English  poets,  was  the  son  of  the  Rev.  John  Cow- 
I  per.  Chaplain  to  Geo.  II..  and  Rector  of  Berkhampstead, 
Hertfordshire,  where  the  subject  of  our  memoir  was  born 
on  the  26th  of  November.     His  grandfather  was  the  dis- 
tinguished lion.  Spencer  Cowper,  Chief  Justice  of  Chester, 
!  and  Judge  in  the  Court  of  Common  Pleas,  and  brother  to 
Earl  Cowper,  Lord  High  Chancellor  of  England,     William 
j  Cowper,  deprived  of  a  mother's  care  at  the  early  age  of  six 
I  years,  was  placed  at  the  boarding-school  of  Dr,  Pitnam, 
Market  street,  Bedfordshire,  where  he  remained  Jbr  two 
I  years.     There  being  reason  to  fear  that  some  unfavourable 
1  symptoms  would  result  in  a  loss  of  sight,  he  resided  for 


cow 


cow 


two  years  in  the  house  of  a  female  oculist  of  great  repu- 
tation. When  ten  years  of  age  he  was  sent  to  "Westminster 
School,  where  he  remained  for  seven  years,  leaving  with  a 
character  for  scholarship,  especially  in  the  classics.  The 
timid,  sensitive  character  of  the  poet  was  but  little  suited 
for  the  rude  conflicts  to  which  school-boys  are  often  sub- 
jected, and  a  portion  of  this  season  of  life  was  embittered 
to  Cowper  by  a  tyranny  upon  the  part  of  a  senior  scholar 
of  the  most  intolerable  character.  Having  selected  the 
profession  of  the  law,  Cowper  was  now  articled  for  three 
years  to  a  Mr.  Chapman,  a  solicitor  of  some  eminence. 
How  assiduously  ho  devoted  himself  to  Blackstone,  and 
with  what  pleasing  tliraldom  he  submitted  to  the  tenures 
of  Coke,  may  be  gathered  from  the  following  honest  con- 
fession to  his  cousin.  Lady  Hesketh: 

"  I  did  actually  live  three  years  with  Mr.  Chapman,  a  solicitor; 
that  is  to  say,  I  slept  three  years  in  his  house;  but  I  lived,  that  is 
to  say.  I  spent  my  days,  in  Southampton  Kow.  as  you  very  well 
reme'mher.  There  w.is  I.  and  the  future  Lord  Chancellor,  (Thur- 
low.  I  constantly  employed  from  morning  till  night  in  giggling  and 
making  giggle,  instead  of  studying  law." 

With  such  an  apprenticeship,  we  need  not  be  surprised 
that,  when  at  the  age  of  21  he  took  possession  of  a  set  of 
chambers  in  the  Temple,  he  neither  sought  business,  nor 
business  sought  him.  It  was  at  this  c:irly  period  of  his  Ufo 
that  we  first  find  strongly-marked  indications  of  that  ter- 
rible mental  malady,  which  to  a  greater  or  less  degree  held 
its  victim  all  his  lifetime  "subject  to  bondage"  of  the  most 
fearful  and  tormenting  character.  Upon  this  extremely 
painful  subject  but  little  can  be  said — but  little  can  he  ex- 
pected— in  the  brief  limits  to  which  we  are  confined.  "We 
must,  however,  be  allowed  to  enter  our  most  decided  pro- 
test against  the  strange  misapprehension — grounded  upon  ! 
a  deplorable  ignorance  both  of  the  effects  of  religion,  and  i 
of  the  mental  characteristics  of  Cowper — that  the  derange- 
ment of  this  gifted  man  was  either  originated,  developed, 
or  increased,  by  theological  truths  or  theological  errors.  | 
The  contrary  to  this  has  been  often  asserted  au'l  denied  ' 
at  great  length,  and  truly,  we  marvel  as  mu(di  at  the  un-  | 
necessary  prolixity  of  those  who  adopt  and  support  the 
negative,  as  we  wonder  at  the  obtuseness  of  those,  who, 
professing  a  knowledge  of  Cowper's  mental  history,  stereo- 
type their  simidicity  or  dishonesty,  l>y  charging  religion 
with  the  unhappy  gloom  which  enshrouds  the  halo  of  one 
of  the  brightest  suns  of  England's  literary  firmament. 
Why  should  apologists  waste  the  elaboration  of  argument 
and  fervours  of  eloquence  upon  a  cause  which  unadorned 
chronology  can  settle  in  a  few  lines  decisively  and  forever? 
If  we  cannot  take  Cowper's  own  testimony,  we  know  not 
whose  should  be  admitted,  for  "What  man  knoweth  the 
things  of  a  man  save  the  spirit  of  a  man?" 

We  assert  then,  first,  that  Cowper's  derangement  was  not 
in  the  most  remote  degree  to  be  attributed  to  religious  im- 
pressions of  any  kind,  true  or  erroneous. 

We  assert,  secondly,  that  nothing  but  the  soothing,  re- 
straining, and  purifying  influences  of  religion  stood  for 
forty  years  between  William  Cowper  and  the  madman's 
cell,  or  the  suicide's  grave.  In  support  of  these  assertions, 
we  appeal  to  the  whole  mental  history  of  the  unhappy 
poet,  to  his  own  experience,  and  to  the  testimony  of  those 
true  friends  whose  unwearied  kindness  mitigated  his  suffer- 
ings, ministered  to  his  necessities,  augmented  his  comforts, 
and  smoothed  his  dying  pillow.  Before  leaving  this  sub- 
ject, however,  we  will  adduce  one  or  two  facts  of  simple 
chronology,  which  may  correct  the  misapprehensions  of 
some  who  lack  time  for  the  examination  of  the  voluminous 
testimony  to  which  we  have  appealed. 

Cowper  informs  us  that  in  his  earlier  yenrs  (and  long 
after)  he  was  entirely  ignorant  of  any  experience  of  a  re- 
ligions character,  and  even  neglectful  of  the  ordinary  duties 
of  prayer  and  attendance  upon  public  worship.  Vvhilst  a 
etudent  of  law,  he  never  attended  church,  unless  when 
visiting  at  his  uncle's: 

"  By  this  means  I  had  indeed  an  opportunitvof  seeing  the  inside 
of  a  church,  whither  I  went  with  the  family  on  Sundays,  which 
probably  I  should  otherwise  never  have  seen." — AutobioQraphi/. 

It  was  whilst  thus  utterly  unforgetful  of  his 'Creator, 
that 

'' I  was  struck,  not  long  ofU^  my  stUUment  in  the  Temple,  with 
such  a  dejection  of  spirits,  as  none  but  they  who  hare  felt  the  same 
cm  have  the  Uast  cmiception  of.  Day  and  night  J  wan  upon  the 
rack,  lying  down  in  horror,  and  rising  up  in  despair." — Ibid. 

At  this  time  he  was  about  21  years  of  age.  Undoubtedly 
this  was  the  commencement  of  the  development  of  con- 
stitutional insanity.     EUrcn  years  later  he  tells  us, 

"To  this  moment  I  had  Jelt  no  concern  of  a  spiritual  kind.  Igno- 
rant of  ori'_'inal  sin,  insensible  of  the  guilt  of  actual  transgression, 
1  understwd  neither  the  law  nor  the  gospel:  the  condemning 
nature  of  the  one,  nor  the  restoiing  mercies  of  the  other.  I  was  as 
much  unacquainted  with  Christ,  in  all  his  saving  offices,  as  if  his 


blessed  name  had  never  reached  me.  Now,  therefore,  a  new  scene 
opened  upon  me.  Conviction  of  sin  took  place,  especially  of  that 
just  committed,  [the  attempt  at  suicide;]  the  meanness  of  it,  as 
well  as  its  atrocity,  were  exhibited  to  me  in  colours  so  inconceiva- 
bly strong,  that  I  despised  myself,  with  a  contempt  not  to  be  im- 
agined or  expressed,  for  having  attempted  it."' — Ibid. 

We  have  asserted  that  religion  alone  stood  between  the 
unhappy  man  and  the  grave  of  the  suicide :  can  we  make 
our  affirmation  good?     Cowper  proceeds  as  foUow.s : 

"  This  sensfr  of  it  secured  tnefrnm  the  repetition  of  a  O'lme^  which 
I  could  not  now  reflect  on  wU/unU  horror." — lb.  ^ 

Did  religion  drive  Cowper  mad?     Hear  him  further: 
*•  The  only  thing  that  could  promote  and  effectuate  my  cure  was 
yet  wanting;  an  experimental  knowledge  of  the  redemption  which 
is  in  Christ  Jesus  J" — 10. 

Does  this  look  like  Religious  Insanity?  This  "only 
thing  yet  wanting"  was  graciou-sly  imparted  to  the  poor 
sufferer, — and  what  was  its  effect  upon  him? 

"The  next  day  I  went  to  church  fov  the  lirst  time  after  my  re- 
covery. Throughoutthe  whole  service  1  had  much  to  do  to  restrain 
my  emotions;  so  fully  did  I  see  the  beauty  and  glory  of  the  bard. 
.  .  .  Such  was  the  goodness  of  the  Lord,  that  he  gave  '  the  oil  of 
joy  for  mourning,  and  the  garments  of  praise  for  the  spirit  of  hea- 
viness.'"— lb. 

''Hia  residence  at  the  Temple  extended  through  eleven  years. 
In  1763 — the  last  year  of  that  residence— the  offices  of  the  Cleik  of 
tUe  Journals,  Heading  Clerk,  and  Clerk  of  the  Committees  in  the 
House  of  Lords,— all  which  offices  were  at  the  disposal  of  a  cousin 
of  Cowper's, — became  vacant  about  the  same  time.  The  last  two 
were  conferred  on  Cowper.  His  patrimony  was  by  this  time  well- 
nigh  spent,  and  the  gift  was  therefore  so  far  acceptable.  But  the 
duties  attached  to  the  offices  of  reading-clerk  and  clerk  of  the  com- 
mittees were  duties  which  required  that  he  should  frequently  ap- 
pear before  the  House  of  Li>rd8;  and  to  him,  who  suffered  from  ex- 
treme nervousness,  a  public  exhibition  of  any  kind  was,  as  he 
himself  expresses  it,  'mortal  poison.'  He,  therefore,  almost  imme- 
diately after  having  accepted  them,  resigned  those  offices  and  took 
that  of  clerk  of  the  jouruals.  But  here,  again,  his  cousin's  right 
of  nomination  having  been  questioned,  Covs'per  was  unexpectedly 
required  to  submit  himself  to  an  examination  at  the  bar  of  the 
House  before  being  allowed  to  take  the  office.  Thus  the  evil  from 
which  he  seemed  to  have  escaped  again  met  him.  'A  thunder- 
bolt,' he  writes,  in  his  memoir  of  himself,  'would  have  been  as 
welcome  to  me  as  this  intelligence.  ...  To  require  my  attendance 
at  the  bar  of  the  House,  that  I  might  there  publicly  entitle  myself 
to  the  office,  was  in  effect  to  excfude  me  from  it.  In  the  mean 
time,  the  interest  of  my  friend,  the  honour  of  his  choice,  my  own 
reputation  and  circumstances,  all  urged  me  forward,  all  pressed 
me  to  undertake  that  which  I  saw  to  be  impracticable.'  Unce;i3ing 
was  the  anguish  which  he  now  suffered.  Ue  even  looked  forward 
anxiously  to  the  coming  of  insanity, — a  constitutional  tendency  to 
which  had  manifested  itself  some  years  before, — that  he  might 
have  a  reason  for  throwing  up  the  office;  and,  when  the  dreaded 
day  drew  near  and  he  found  liimself  still  in  possession  of  his 
senses,  he  determined  on  the  commission  of  suicide.  Uis  many 
attempts  to  destroy  himself  all  failed  of  success,  owing,  as  he 
pleased  to  explain  it  in  his  memoir,  to  direct  interpositions  of  Pro- 
vidence. The  office  was  ultimately  resigned  upon  the  very  day 
appointed  for  the  examination,  and  shortly  afterwards  he  became 
insane.  He  was  immediately  placed  under  the  care  of  Dr.  Cotton, 
at  St.  Alban's,  with  whom  he  stayed  until  his  recovery,  which  took 
place  about  eighteen  months  after,  in  June,  1765."~iL7»'^A('5  Eng. 
Cyc,  vol.  ii.,  Div.  Biography.  -  ■  ■* 

He  settled  at  Huntingdon,  where  he  formed  an  acquaint- 
ance with  the  llev.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Unwin,  who  proved  the 
kindest  of  friends.  He  became  an  inmate  of  their  man- 
sion;  and,  upon  the  death  of  Mr.  Unwin  in  I7t)7.  he 
removed  with  his  widow  to  Olncy,  the  residence  of  the 
Rev.  John  Xcwtou,  who  also  became  an  attached  and 
valuable  frienil.  The  value  of  the  judicious  ministrations 
of  vigilant  affection  in  cases  of  mental  disorder  cannot 
be  too  highly  estimated.  A  derangement  of  a  com- 
paratively trifling  character  may  be  tortured  to  madness 
or  soothed  to  a  repose  which  precedes  restoration,  accord- 
ing to  the  course  of  treatment  to  which  the  sufferer  shall 
be  subjected.  IIow  weighty,  then,  the  responsibility  which 
devolves  upon  those  to  whom  the  guardianship  of  the 
atfiictcd  appertains  !  For  about  eight  years  Cowper's  men- 
tal health  was  hut  little  affected;  but  in  1773  the  clouds 
again  settled  over  his  mind,  and  for  a  period  of  ten  years 
it  was  more  or  less  enveloped  in  darkness.  In  17'.*4  he 
was  again  a  victim  to  this  horrid  malady ;  and  the  death 
of  Mrs.  Unwin  in  1796 — so  long  his  faithful  and  devoted 
nurse — added  to  his  deep  despondency.  He  gazed  upon 
her  lifeless  form,  left  the  chamber  of  death,  and  was  never 
al'terwards  once  heard  to  utter  her  name.  In  January, 
ISOO,  he  betrayed  alarming  syuipU.ms  of  declining  health, 
and,  on  the  25th  of  April  following,  his  troubles  were 
ended  by  a  change  from  a  world  in  which  he  had  so  long 
and  so  acutely  suffered  to  the  presence  of  that  almighty 
Being  whom  he  had  humbly  served  with  the  best  offerings 
of  which  a  perturbed  spirit  and  distracted  mind  were 
capable.  All  that  enlightened  human  sympathy  and  de- 
voted Christian  friendship  could  perform  had  been  zeal- 
ously lavished  upon  one  whose  mental  gloom  was  only  to 
be  entirely  dissipated  by  the  brightness  of  that  exceliiug 

439 


cow 


glory  which  illumines  the  City  of  the  living  God.  Such 
priceless  offices  of  love,  such  unwearied,  self-sacrificing 
devotion,  can  never  be  forgotten :  the  names  of  Unwin, 
Ilesketh.  Austen,  Johnson,  Hayley.  and  Rose,  must  be 
closely  connected  with  the  memory  of  William  Cowper,  so 
long  as  the  noblest  qualities  which  adorn  humanity  are 
valued  among  men.  Having  thus  taken  a  rapid  view  of 
the  character  of  the  man,  we  now  proceed  to  a  brief  con- 
sideration of  the  author. 

Few  men  who  commenced  authorship  at  so  late  a  period 
'of  life  have  attained  so  large  a  measure  of  popularity  in 
their  lifetime.  When  Cowper's  first  volume  was  given  to 
the  world,  he  had  seen  more  than  fifty  years.  He  lacked, 
therefore,  what  had  been  considered  almost  indispensable 
to  the  character  of  a  poet — inexperience  of  the  world,  and 
that  freshness  of  feeling  and  fervour  of  thought  which  are 
supposed  to  accompany  the  earlier  stages  of  life.  The 
Eubjects,  too,  of  his  first  volume,  (1782.  Svo,)  were  of  too 
didactic  a  character  to  arouse  or  gratify  public  curiosity 
or  literary  interest.  But  little  to  charm  the  imagination, 
or  delit'ht  the  fancy,  could  be  expected  from  the  discussion 
of  The"  Progress  of  Error,  Truth,  Table  Talk,  Expostula- 
tion, Uope,  Charity,  Ac.  It  was  evident,  indeed,  that 
"  Wisdom  had  prepared  her  Feast  and  uttered  her  Voice," 
but  until  the  nature  of  man  changes,  she  must  continue  to 
"  lift  up  her  voice  in  the  streets,  and  cry  in  the  chief  places 
of  concourse,"  ere  she  can  gather  around  her  the  very  few 
who  prefer  instruction  to  amusement,  and  moral  improve- 
ment to  mental  dissipation. 

But  the  applause  of  a  few  sages  was  more  valuable  than 
the  indifference  of  the  children  of  the  world ;  and  Cowpcr 
was  more  delighted  at  having  pleased  Johnson  and  Frank- 
lin, than  he  would  have  been  with  the  applause  of  Holland 
House,  and  the  adulation  of  half  the  fashionable  assem- 
blies of  London.  Mr.  Hayley  gives  us  his  own  opinion 
of  the  merits  of  the  volume  in  these  words : 

"  It  exhibits  such  a  diversity  of  poetical  powers  as  have  been 
given  very  rarely  indeed  to  any  individual  of  the  modern  or  of 
the  ancient  world." 

By  the  influence  of  Lady  Austen,  who  had  previously 
elicited  the  famous  ballad  of  John  Gilpin.  Cowper  was 
induced  to  commence  a  new  poem — The  Task,  which  was 
pub.  in  1785.  Its  success  was  immediate,  and  almost  un- 
bounded. There  were  few,  however  opposed  in  their  tastes, 
who  could  not  find  something  to  charm  them  in  the  many 
pleasing  pictures  and  graphic  sketches  presented  in  this 
volume. 

"  The  Task  is  a  poem  of  such  infinite  variety,  that  it  seems  to 
Include  every  subject  and  every  style,  without  any  dissonance  or 
disorder;  and  to  h,ave  flowed,  without  effort,  from  inspired  philan- 
thropy, easier  to  impress  upon  the  hearts  of  all  readers  wliateyer 
may  lead  them  most  happily  to  the  full  enjoyment  of  human  life, 
and  to  the  final  attainment  of  Heaven."— IIatiey. 

"  It  is  impossible  to  describe  this  fine  poem  better  than  by  say- 
ing that  it  treats,  in  a  masterlv  wav.  of  all  that  affects  us  here,  or 
influences  us  hereafter;  that  it  pleads  the  cause  of  the  poor  and 
the  desolate  in  the  presence  of  the  rich :  admonishes  the  rich  of 
their  duty  to  their  country,  their  cotters,  and  their  God ;  takes  the 
senate  to  task;  shakes  the  scourije  nf  undving  verse  over  the 
pulpit;  holds  a  mirror  before  tin-  iin.fliiiacy  ..f  citi.'s  till  Ibcy  shud- 
der at  their  own  shadow,  and  .xliil.its  t..  the  bills  ,ind  dales  of 
the  country,  an  image  of  the  fnlliis  of  (b.ir  sons  and  daughters. 
— Allan  Cunninoham:  £/o!7.((«'/ 'ViV. //(.rf../ ii(. 

"Of  all  the  verses  that  have  be.-ii  ever  devnt.'d  to  the  subject  of 
domestic  happiness,  those  in  his  Winter  Evcjuiiig.  at  the  opening 
of  the  fourth  book  of  The  Task,  are  perhaps  the  most  beautiful. 
In  perusing  that  scene  of  'intimate  delights,'  'fire-side  enjoy- 
ments,' and  '  home-born  happiness,'  we  seem  to  recover  a  part  of 
the  forgotten  value  of  existence,  when  we  recognise  the  means  of 
its  blessedness  so  widelv  dispensed  and  so  cheaply  attainable,  and 
find  them  susceptible  of  description  at  once  so  enchanting  and  so 
feithful."— Campbell:  Bsnvo"  ^'if''-"'' ''"•'''!'• 

'•  It  contains  a  number  of  pictures  of  domestic  comfort  and  so- 
cial refinement  which  can  hardly  be  forgotten  but  with  the  lan- 
guage itself." 

Cowper's  next  production  was  the  Tirocinium,  intended, 

as  he  tells  us,  ,  ,       .    ^^ 

"To  censure  the  want  of  discipline,  and  the  scandalous  inatten- 
tion to  morals,  that  obtain  in  public  schools,  especually  in  the 
largest."  &c. 

In  the  same  year,  (1784,)  ho  commenced  his  translation  of 
Homer,  which  was  completed  and  pub.  in  1791,  2  vols.  4to. 
Not  entirely  satisfied  with  his  performance,  he  commenced 
a  revision  in  1792,  and  devoted  his  leisure  time  for  several 
years  to  the  corrected  version.  It  was  pub.  in  1802,  4  vols. 
8vo,  bv  J.  .lohnston.  Very  different  opinions  arc  enter- 
tained'both  of  the  merit  of  the  translation  generally,  and 
of  the  respective  excellencies  or  defects  of  the  earlier  and 
later  versions. 

Mr.  Southey  greatlv  prefers  the  former : 

"  The  version  he  composed  when  his  faculties  were  most  active, 
and  his  spirits  least  subject  to  depression,  ought  notjo  b^  siipw 
6eded  by  a  revisal,  or  rather  reconstruction,      "  '  ^ 
'440 


,  undertaken  tliree 


COW 

years  before  his  death;  not  like  the  first  translation,  'a  pleasant 
work,  an  innocent  luxury.'  but  '  a  hopeless  eniploymeut.'  a  task  to 
which  he  gave  '  all  his  miserable  days  and  often  many  hours  of 
the  night.' "  .    . 

Dr.  Clarke  appears  to  be  of  a  different  opinion  : 
"For  fidelity,  accuracy,  and  the  true  poetical  fire,  this  corrected 
edition  of  Cowper's  Translation  stands  yet  unrivalled." 
Mr.  Croker  remarks  that 

"  It  is  the  fashion  to  call  Cowper's  translation  '  a  miserable  fail- 
ure.' but  the  more  one  reads  it  the  lietter  it  seems  to  represent  the 
original  than  any  other." 

"We  admire  Mr.  Cowper's  abilities;  some  passages  are  executed 
with  great  taste  and  spirit,  and  those  that  were  difflcult  he  has 
happily  elucidated,  "—ioa.  Crilical  Bmmj. 

"1  Ion"  to  know  your  opinion  of  Cowper's  translation.  The 
Odyssey,  especially,  is  surelv  very  Homeric.  What  nobler  than 
theappearanco  of  I'ha'bus  at  the  beginning  of  the  Iliad— lines 
ending  with  'llre.ad  sounding-bounding  on  the  silver  bow'?  "— 
Oiarlrs  Lamb  ti:  O'lfriJge.  j  ,..       ,  ,v 

"That  til.'  traosl;itinn  is  a  great  deal  more  close  and  literal  than 
any  that  had  iir.viniislv  been  attempted  in  English  verse,  probably 
will  not  be  disputed  by  those  who  are  the  least  disposed  to  admire 
it-  that  the  style  into  which  it  is  translated  is  a  true  English  style, 
though  not  pt'rhaps  a  very  elegant  or  poetical  one,  may  .also  be  as- 
sumed; but  we  are  not  sure  that  a  rigid  and  candid  criticism  will 
go  farther  in  its  commcud.ation." — Lord  Jeffrey  :  £din.  Jicv.,  ii.  85. 
It  is  useless  to  venture  any  suppositions  as  to  the  cha- 
racter which  his  intended  life  and  edition  of  Milton  would 
have  assumed.  Certainly  few  men  have  been  better  quali- 
fied for  so  arduous  a  task. 

Of  Cowper's  minor  poems,  perhaps  the  best  known  are 
the  Lines  addressed  to  his  Mother's  picture,  .and  that  in- 
scribed to  Mary,  his  faithful  friend  and  nurse  Mrs.  Unwin. 
The  fDlney  Hymns,  written  in  conjunction  with  Kev.  John 
Newton,  have  had  a  wide  circulation,  and  doubtless  proved 
very  useful.  In  1803,  '04,  Mr.  Hayley  pub.  A  Life,  and 
the  Posthumous  Writings  of  Cowper,  Chichester,  3  vols.  4to. 
"The  little  Mr.  Hayley  writes  in  these  volumes  is  by  no  means 
well  written,  [but]  with  a  very  amiable  gentleness  of  temper,  and 
with  the  strongest  appearance  of  a  sincere  veneration  and  aHeo 
tion  for  the  departed  friend  to  whose  memory  it  is  consecrated."— 
Lord  Jeffrey. 

In  1806  Mr.  Hayley  added  Supplementary  Pages  to  the 
Life  of  Cowper,  Chichester,  4to.  In  1824  his  Private  Cor- 
respondence with  several  of  his  most  intimate  friends,  from 
the  originals  in  the  possession  of  his  kinsman.  Mr.  John- 
son, appeared  in  2  vols.  8vo.  A  complete  edition  of  his 
Works,  Correspondence,  and  Translations,  with  a  Life  of 
the  Author,  edited  by  Robert  Southey,  was  pub.  in  15 
vols.  p.  Svo.  A  new  ed.,  with  additional  Letters,  in  Bohn'B 
Standard  Library,  8  vols.,  plates. 

"  There  is  no  one  among  our  living  writers  who  unites  research, 
taste,  and  sincerity,  (the  three  great  requisites  of  a  biographer,) 
so  delightfully  as  Dr.  Southey;  and  it  is  almost  superfluous  to 
sav  that  his  work  is  as  readable  for  its  anecdotes  and  contempo- 
rary sketches,  as  for  its  clear,  manly,  and  eloquent  style."— Xon. 
Athcnfntm.  .  ,    ,_  ,x.  .^       , 

"  It  is  hardly  too  much  to  say  that  it  derives  nearly  half  its  value 
from  the  labours  of  the  editor  and  biographer."  ,  .     . 

"  In  the  Life  of  the  Poet,  Dr.  Southey  has  introduced  much  of 
the  Literary  History  of  Engkind  during  half  a  century,  with  bio- 
graphical sketches  of  many  of  his  contemporaries." 

The  Rev.  T.  S.  Grimshawe,  author  of  the  Life  of  Rev. 
Legh  Richmond,  pub.  an  edit,  of  the  Works,  Letters,  and 
Life,  in  183."^,  Lon.,  8  vols.  Svo;  new  edit.,  1847,  8  vols. 
Svo,  and  also  an  edit,  in  1  vol.  r.  Svo. 

"Mr  Grimshawe's  labours  are  not  only  recommended  by  the 
power  his  relationship  to  Dr.  Johnson  placed  in  his  hands,  but  by 
the  deep  concern  he  takes  in  every  thing  which  regards  the  essen- 
tial and  beautiful  parts  of  Cowper's  character."— JVonoicA  Jfcrcury. 

We  notice  some  other  editions.  Cowper's  Poems,  with  a 
Memoir  of  the  Author,  by  John  McDiarmid,  Edin.,  ISmo. 

"The  iMemoir  has  the  merit  of  being  written  with  remarkable 
critical  acumen,  of  delineatinir  the  character  of  Cowpcr  with  accu- 
racy, and  of  including,  stripped  of  all  Ixiok-making  periphrases, 
the  whole  course  of  the  poet's  life,  agitated  as  it  was  by  acute 
ment.al  sufferings."— Coi/rf  jl/,i9a,-.>if. 

Cowper's  Works,  with  Life,  by  Dr.  Memes,  Glasg.,  185i, 

12mo.  ,  ., 

"  The  Memoir  greatly  surpasses,  in  philosophical  accuracy,  the 
former  estimates  of  Cowper's  Life.  The  editor  is  evidently  a  stu- 
dent of  human  nature,  under  all  the  varieties  of  physical  and 
moral  causes  bv  which  it  may  be  affected.  He  is  also  a  cleai-.  good 
writer,  who.  understanding  his  subject,  expresses  himself  mth 
equal  beauty  and  precision."— £i'anjclicti!  Mtiganrte. 

To  these  may  be  added  Memoirs,  Essays,  Ac.  by  Nico- 
las. Gre.afheed,  Stcbbins,  Cary,  Dwight.  Ac. 

The  Letters  of  Cowper  have  gained  him  as  much  repu- 
tation  as  liavo  the  most  favourite  passages  of  his  poetry. 
On  this  theme  it  were  easy  to  enlarge,  but  we  must  rest 
content  with  a  citation  from  one  of  the  greatest  masters  of 

our  tongue :  „  .,_   ^     _* 

"  I  have  always  considered  the  letters  of  Mr.  Cowper  as  the  finest 
specimen  of  (he  epistolary  style  in  our  language.  .  .  .  To  an  air  ol 
inimitable  ease  and  carelessness  they  unite  a  high  degree  of  cor- 
reotiicis.  such  as  could  result  only  from  the  clearest  intellect,  com- 
bined with  the  most  finished  taste.    I  have  scarcely  found  a  single 


cox 


cox 


word  which  is  capable  of  beinp  exchanged  for  a  better.  Literary 
errors  I  can  discern  none.  The  SfU'ction  of  words,  and  the  con- 
struction of  periods,  are  inimitable;  they  present  as  striking  a 
contrast  as  can  well  be  conceived  to  the  turpd  verbosity  which 
passes  at  present  for  fine  writing,  and  which  bears  a  great  resem- 
blance to  the  degeneracy  which  marks  the  style  of  Ammianus 
Marcellinus,  as  compared  to  that  of  Cicero  or  of  Livy.  In  my 
humble  opinion,  the  study  of  Cowper's  prose  may  on  this  account 
be  as  useful  in  forming  the  taste  of  young  people  as  his  poetry." — 
Jiev.  Robert  Hail  to  Bev.  Dr.  Johvs'm. 

The  reader  should  peruse  an  article,  nominally  a  review 
of  Thomas  Taylor's  Life  of  Cowper,  by  Mr.  W.  B.  0.  Pea- 
body,  in  the  North  American  Review  for  January,  1834. 
Also  see  articles  by  Lord  Jefirey,  in  the  Edinburgh  Re- 
view, vols.  ii.  64,  and  iv.  273 ;  two  reviews  in  the  London 
Quarterly  Review,  vols.  xvi.  116,  and  xxx.  185.  To  these 
may  be  added  the  articles  in  the  N.  American  Review,  by 
W.  Phillips,  ii.  233  ;  H.  Ware,  xix.  435,  and  E.  T.  Chan- 
ning.  sliv.  29.  Also  consult  the  Life,  Dissertation,  and 
Notes,  in  the  new  ed.  of  Cowper's  Poetical  Works,  by  Rev. 
George  Gilfillan,  1854,  8vo. 

A  few  brief  extracts  from  two  or  three  eminent  authori- 
ties must  conclude  an  article  already  sufficiently  extended : 

'*0f  Cowper  how  shall  I  express  myself  in  adequate  terms  of 
admiration?  The  purity  of  his  principles,  the  tenderness  of  bis 
heart,  his  unaffected  and  zealous  piety,  his  warmth  of  devotion, 
(however  tinctured  at  times  with  gloom  and  despondency,)  the 
delicacy  and  playfulness  of  his  wit,  and  the  singular  felicity  of  his 
diction,  all  conspire  by  turns 

'To  win  the  wisest,  warm  the  coldest  heart.' 

"  Cowper  is  the  poet  of  a  well-educated  and  well-principled  Eng- 
lishman. '  Home,  sweet  home'  is  the  scene — limit*.'d  as  it  may  be 
imagined — in  which  he  contrives  to  concentrate  a  thousand  beau- 
ties, which  others  have  scattered  far  and  vvide  upon  objects  of  less 
interest  and  attraction.  His  pictures  are.  if  I  may  so  speak,  con- 
ceived with  all  the  tenderness  of  Kaflaelle,  and  executed  with  all 
the  finish  and  sharpness  of  Teniers.  No  man,  in  such  few  words, 
tells  his  tale,  or  describes  his  scene,  so  forcibly  and  so  justly.  Ills 
views  of  nature  are  less  grand  and  less  generalized  than  those  of 
Thomson :  and  here,  to  caiTy  on  the  previous  mode  of  comparison, 
I  should  say  that  Thomson  was  the  Gaspar  Poussin.  and  Cowper 
the  Hobbima  of  rural  poetry.  .  .  .  The  popularity  of  Cowper  gains 
strength  as  it  gains  age :  and.  after  all,  he  is  the  poet  of  our  study, 
our  cabinet,  and  our  alcove." — Dr.  IHudin. 

'•  Uis  language  has  such  a  masculine  idiomatic  strength,  and 
his  manner,  whether  he  rises  into  grace  or  falls  into  negligence, 
has  so  much  plain  and  familiar  freedom,  that  we  read  no  poetry 
with  a  deeper  conviction  of  its  sentiments  having  come  from  the 
author's  heart,  and  of  the  enthusiasm,  in  whatever  he  describes, 
having  been  unfeigned  and  un exaggerated,  lie  impresses  us  with 
the  idea  of  a  being  whose  fine  spirits  had  been  long  enough  in  the 
mixed  society  of  the  world  to  be  polished  by  its  intercourse,  and 
yet  withdrawn  so  soon  as  to  retain  an  unworldly  degree  of  sim- 
plicity and  purity." — Thomas  Campbeil. 

"  The  great  merit  of  this  writer  appears  to  us  to  consist  in  the 
boldness  and  originality  of  his  compositions,  and  in  the  fortunate 
audacity  with  which  he  has  carried  the  dominion  of  poetry  into 
regions  that  had  been  considered  as  inaccessible  to  her  ambition. 
...  He  took  as  wide  a  range  in  language,  too.  as  in  matter;  and 
shaking  off  the  tawdry  incumbrance  of  that  poetical  diction  which 
had  nearly  reduced  the  art  to  the  skilful  collocation  of  a  set  of 
appointed  phrases,  he  made  no  scruple  to  set  down  in  verso  every 
expression  that  would  have  been  admitted  in  prose,  and  to  take 
advantage  of  all  the  varieties  with  which  our  language  could 
supply  him.'* — Lord  .Jeffrey. 

Cox,  Dr.  1.  Med.  Discourses.  2.  Discourse  against 
Apothecaries,  Lon..  If)fi6,  '69,  Svo. 

Co\,  Dr.     Medical  Compendium.  Ac,  180S. 

Cox,  Mrs,     .Joseph  ;  a  Poem.  1783,  12mo. 

Cox,  or  Coxe,  Beuj.  Theolog.  treatises,  Lon.,  1645, 
*46.  4to. 

Cox,  D.     Address  to  Dissenters,  1807,  12mo. 

Cox,  Daniel,  M.D.  Prof,  treat.,  &c.,  1753. '57/58,  8vo. 

Cox,  David.  Landscape  Painting  and  Effect  in  Wa- 
ter Colours.  Lon.,  1814.  fol.     Highly  esteemed. 

Cox,E.W.  Registration  ofVoters' Act,  Lon., lS43.12mo. 

Cox,  F.  A.,  li.D.  Christian  Knowledge.  Lon.,  1806, 
Svo.     Life  of  Melancthou,  1815,  8vo;   1817,  Svo. 

"Correct in  narrative,  forcible  in  argunu-ntatinn.ic." — BHt.  Jifv. 

Female  Scripture  Biography.  1817  :  1852.  2  vols.  Svo. 
On  Baptism,  Svo.     On  the  Book  of  Daniel,  183.3,  12mo. 

"A  very  useful  manual." — Lon.  Cmiffreff'itinnal  Mag. 

Our  Young  Men  :  a  Prize  Essay,  isSS,  12mo. 

"A  word  in  season  to  young  men  in  every  grade  of  Society." — 
Evangel.  Mag. 

Mr.  C.  has  written  some  other  theological  treatises. 

Cox,  George.  Chemical  Delectus,  2d  ed..  1844,  32mo. 
Spectable  Secrets.  2d  ed..  1844,  12mo.  Agricultural  Che- 
mistry. Lon.,  1844,  p.  Svo. 

"The  author  discusses  aeriform  matters,  salts,  acids,  &c..  but 
fails  to  estab]if;h  any  fact  for  practical  adoption.  This  is  the  lault 
of  all  chemical  essays." — Donaldso/t's  AgricuU.  Biog. 

Cox,  Capt.  Hiram.  Journal  of  a  Residence  in  the 
Eurman  Empire,  Ac,  Lon.,  1821.  Svo. 

Cox,  Sir  J.  H.     Letters  on  Catholic  Claims,  1S12. 
Cox,   James,    D.D.     Conjugal   Affection:    a   Poem, 

1813,  Svo. 


Cox,James,  D.D.  TithoCommutatioDS,Lon.,1838,Svo. 

Cox,  John.  Dialecticon  Vivi  boni  et  literati  de  veri- 
tate  et  Nntura  atque  Substantia  corporis  et  sanguinis 
Christi  in  Eucharistia,  Lon.,  1557,  Svo. 

Cox,  Johu.  Trans,  of  H.  BuUinger's  Exhortation  to 
the  Ministers  of  God's  Word,  Jcc,  Lon.,  1575,  Svo. 

Cox,  Johu  E.  Protestantism  contrasted  with  Roman- 
ism, Lon.,  1852,  2  vols.  Svo.  Trans,  of  Dr.  H.  Olshausen's 
Com.  on  1st  and  2d  EpisL  to  the  Corinthians  j  Vol.  xx.  of 
Clark's  For.  Theol.  Library. 

"A  superior  help  to  the  study  of  those  two  important  epistles.'' 
— British  Banner. 

Cox,  John  H,  Harmony  of  the  Scriptures,  Lon.,  1823, 
Svo.     Highly  commended.     Jesus  shewing  Mercy,  18mo. 

"A  most  useful  book  to  be  put  into  the  hands  of  young  con- 
verts."—  Christum  Guardian. 

Cox,  John  S.  Two  Serms.,with  Notes,  Lon.,1835,12mo. 
"These  are  sensible  and  sound   discourses,  which  we   recom- 
mend to  all  lover.s  of  orthodoxy.'' — Chris.  Bememb. 

Cox,  Joseph.  Narrative  rel.  to  Thief-takers,  1756,  Svo. 
Cox,  Joseph  M.,  M.D.     Insanity,  1804,  Svo. 
Cox,  Leonard.     See  Cockes. 

Cox,  3Iichacl,  Bishop  of  Ossory,  1743;  Archbishop 
of  Cashel.  1751.     Sermon,  Duhl.,  1748,  4to. 

Cox,  Nicholas.  The  Gentleman's  Recreation,  in 
four  Parts,  viz.  :  Hunting,  Hawking,  Fowling,  Fishing, 
1674,  Svo;  fith  ed.,  1721. 

Cox,  Oweu.     Intelligence  from  Ireland,  1642,  4to. 

Cox,  Kichard,  1499-15S1,  educated  at  Eton  and 
King's  College.  Cambridge,  became  Chancellor  of  the 
University  of  Oxford,  and  Dean  of  Westminster.  On  the 
accession  of  Mary  he  was  imprisoned.  In  1559  he  was 
made  Bishop  of  Ely.  He  trans,  for  the  "Bishops'  Bible" 
the  four  Gospels,  the  Acts,  and  the  Epistle  to  the  Romans. 
He  also  a.-^sisted  in  the  Cuiiipilation  of  the  Liturgy,  4c. 

Cox,  Richard.     Sl-i'  ('hancii,  William. 

Cox,  Sir  Kichard,  165i.l~1733,  was  created  Chancellor 
of  Irelandin  1703.  Hibernia  Anglicana;  or  the  History  of 
Ireland  from  the  Conquest  to  the  present  time,  Lon.,  1689, 
2  vols.  fol.  Compiled  chiefly  from  the  accounts  of  Sir 
Johu  Temple  and  Dr.  Borlase.  An  Imiuiryinto  Religion, 
Lon.,  1711.  Svo.     Linen  Manufactory,  Dubl..  1749. 

Cox,  Robert.  Action  and  Diana,  with  a  pastoral 
Storse  of  the  Nimph  Oenone,  &c.,  Lon.,  1566,  1656,  4to. 
In  Eras.  Kirkman's.  The  Wits,  or  Sport  upon  Sport. 

"Cox  was  an  excellent  comedian,  who  lived  in  the  reign  of  King 
Charles  I."     See  Itiog.  Dramat. 

Cox,  Robert.  Hist,  of  an  Old  Pocket  Bible.  Lon., 
1S13,  Svo.  Narratives  of  the  Lives  of  some  of  the  most 
eminent  Fathers,  &c.,  1817,  Svo.  Horas  Romans,  or  an 
Attempt  to  elucidate  St.  Paul's  Epist.  to  the  Romans,  by 
an  original  Trans.,  <tc.,  1824,  Svo. 

"  While  possessing  merits  of  ahit^h  order,  it  is  entirely  free  from 
display." — Lon.  Eclectic  Jieview. 

The  Liturgy  Revised,  1830,  Svo.  Secession  Considered, 
1832,  Svo. 

Cox,  Ross.  Adventures  on  the  Columbia  River,  Lon., 
2  vols.  Svo;  New  York,  1832. 

Cox,  S.  C.  P.  Williams's  Chancery  Reports,  4th  edit., 
17S7,  3  vols.  r.  Svo;  5th  ed.,  1790.  Reports  of  Cases  In 
Courts  of  Equity.  1783-96,  &q.,  Lon.,  1S16,  2  vols.  Svo. 
Amer.  edit.,  by  .Murray  Hoffman,  New  York,  1824. 

"Most  brief  and  perspicuous  Reports  of  unquestionable  accu- 
racy."— 1  Keut's  Otm.,  494. 

"The  American  edition  is  ably  edited." — Man-in' s Legal Bibl. 

Cox,  Samuel  H.,  D.D.,  a  Presbyterian  minister,  long 
settled  in  Brooklyn,  New  York.  Quakerism  not  Chris- 
tianity, New  York,  1833,  Svo.  Interviews.  Memorable 
and  Useful,  from  Diary  and  Memory,  reproduced,  New 
York,  1S53,  12dio. 

Cox,  Samuel  S.  The  Buckeye  Abroad;  or  Wander- 
ings in  Eurojie  and  the  Orient,  N.  York,  1852,  12mo. 

"One  of  the  most  readable  books  of  travel  that  we  have  taken 
up  for  a  long  time." — N.  V.  Mirror. 

Cox,  Thomas.     See  Coxe. 

Cox,  William,  d.  1S5I  ?  an  Englishman,  for  some 
time  resident  of  New  York  City.  Crayon  Sketches,  by  aji 
Amateur,  N.Y..  1853.  2  vols.  12mo. 

Coxe,  Arthur  Cleveland,  D.D.,  b.  in  Mendham, 
New  Jersey,  1818,  grad.  at  the  University  of  New  Y'ork, 
has  gained  great  reputation  for  classical  attainments  and 
poetical  talents.  Advent,  a  Mysterj' ;  a  Dramatic  Poem, 
1837.  Athwold;  a  Romaunt.  1S3S.  Saint  Jonathan  ;  the 
Lay  of  a  Scald.  Cantos  1st  and  2d,  183S :  all  that  was 
pub.  Athunasion,  and  Miscellaneous  Poems.  Christian 
Ballads;  new  edit.,  Lon.,  1S5.3,  Svo.  Halloween.  Saul; 
a  Mystery.  Trans,  of  Dr.  Von  Hirseher's  Sympathies  of 
the  Continent,  or  Proposals  for  a  New  Reformation. 

"  The  following  work  will  be  found  a  noble  apology  for  the  posi- 

441 


cox 


titm  assumed  by  the  Church  of  Ei.ghind  in  the  sixteenth  Mntury, 
an"  foi  Z  pritical  reforms  she  then  introduced  into  her  theology 
and  worsliip."— />r.  Coxe's  Introduction. 

Impressions  of  England,  N.Y.,  1856,  12ino.  Dr.  Coxe 
lias  published  Sermons  on  Doctrine  and  Duty,  1855. 

•■  They  .^l■e  remarkably  able  and  elaiuent.  and  discuss  a  variety 
of  subjects.  The  spirit  throuKhout  is  eminently  thristian  and 
persuasive,  and  all  may  Ik-  read  with  pleasure  and  with  protit 

Coxe,  Daniel,  M.D.  Discourses  and  papers  in  i-hil. 
Trims.,  1074;  Alkaline  Seeds;  Sea  Sandj  Volatile  bait 
from  Veget.-iblcs.  ...  Tr„ 

Coxe,  Daniel,  resided  11  years  in  America.  lie 
claimed  the  territory  of  Georgi.i,  Florida,  and  Louisiana 
under  his  father's  purchase.    Description  of  Carolina,  lion., 

1722,  '27,  '41,  8vo.  .        .  ,        j 

"  A  crude  performance,  drawn  up  from  various  journals  and 
voyages  to  impress  the  public  with  the  great  importance  of  the 
rerion  described,  and  to  make  them  jealous  of  its  occupation  by 
the  French."     See  N.  .American  Review,  ii.  1. 

Collection  of  Voyages  and  Travels,  Lon.,  1741,  8vo. 

Coxe,  Edward.    1.  Miss.  Poetry.    2.  Valentino,  1805, 

Coxe,  Eliza  A.  Liberality  and  Prejudice,  a  Noyel, 
■1  Qi  o    o  vol'' 

Coxe,  Francis.  His  Retraction.  Lon.,  1561.  A  short 
Treatise  declaringe  the  detestable  Wickednesse  of  magicall 
Sciences,  Lon.,  1561,  8vo.  Oyies,  Vngents,  Emplaisters, 
and  Stilled  Waters,  1575,  Svo. 

Coxe,  Henry.  A  Picture  of  Italy,  1816,  18mo. 
Coxe,  John  Redman,  formerly  Prof,  of  Materia 
Medica  and  Pharma<-y  in  the  Univ.  of  Penna.  1.  On  In- 
flammation, Phila.,  1794,  Svo.  2.  Importance,  Ac.  ot  Me- 
dicine, 1800,  Svo.  3.  On  Vaccination,  1800,  Svo.  4.  Oii 
Combustion,  Ac,  1811,  Svo.  5.  Amer.  Dispensatory,  18.i7. 
8vo,  Ac.  6.  Refut.  of  Harvey's  Claim  to  the  Discovery  of 
the  Circulation  of  the  Blood,  1834,  Svo.  7.  Appeal  to  the 
Public,  Ac,  1835,  Svo.  8.  Agaricus  Atramentanus,  184., 
Svo.  9.  Recog.  of  Friends  in  Another  World,  1845,  12mo. 
10.  Epit.  of  Hippocrates  and  Galen,  1846,  Svo.  11.  Crys- 
tallization;  Ann.  Philos.,  1815,  vi.  101.  Edited:  12.  Pliila. 
Med.  Museum,  1805,  6  vols.  Svo;  New  Ser.,  1811,  1  vol. 
Svo.  13.  Emporium  of  Arts  and  Sciences,  [continued  by 
Thomas  Cooper,  M.D.,]  1812,  5  vols.  Svo. 
Coxe,  Leonard.  See  Cockes. 
Coxe,  Margaret,  a  native  of  Burlington,  New  Jersey. 
Claims  of  the  Country  on  American  Fem.ales,  Phil.,  2  vols. 
12mo.  Botany  of  the  Scriptures.  Wonders  of  the  Deep. 
Young  Lady's  Companion  and  Token,  12mo. 

'•  A  series  of  Letters  replete  with  the  faithful  monitions  and  pre- 
cepts a  good  mother,  or.  rather,  an  aflectionate  elder  sister,  would 
urge  on  those  under  her  care."— S.  J.  Hale:   WnnanS  Record. 

Coxe,  Nehcmiali.  Heresies,  Ac.  in  Thomas  Collier's 
Body  of  Divinity,  confuted.  Discourses  of  the  Covenants  : 
wherein  Circumcision  as  a  Plea  for  Pasdo-Baptism  is  in- 
yalidatcd,  Lon.,  1681,  Svo. 

Coxe,  Peter.  Social  Day,  a  Poem  with  32  engravings, 
Lon.,  1823,  Svo. 

"  A  poem  of  no  merit."— LowxnKS.  . 

This  beautiful  volume  contains  engravings  after  Wilkie, 
Stothard,  Smirke.  Cooper,  Hills,  Ac.  The  exquisite  plate 
of  the  Broken  Jar,  by  Wilkie,  engr.aved  by  Warren,  has 
been  sr)ld  for  £3  3s. 

Coxe,  R.  C.  Lectures  on  Miracles,  Lon.,  1832, 12mo. 
Lent  Lectures,  1836,  12mo.  Advent  Lectures,  1845,  Svo. 
Church  Subjects,  Newc.,  1851.  Svo.  Poems,  1845,  p.  Svo. 
Practical  Serins.  Wood  Notes  and  Musings,  1848,  p.  Svo. 
Coxe,  Richard  S.  Reports  of  Cases,  in  S.  Court,  N. 
Jersey,  1790-95,  Burling.,  1816,  Svo.  Decisions  in  the  S. 
C,  C.  C.  and  D.  Courts  of  the  U.  States,  Phila.,  1829,  Svo. 
This  work  is  the  result  of  great  labour,  well  employed. 

Coxe,  Tench,  of  Philadelphia,  Commissioner  of  the 
Revenue,  d.  1824,  aged  68.  1.  Address  on  American  M.i.nu- 
factures.  2.  Inquiry  into  the  Principles  of  a  Commercial 
System  for  the  United  States,  1787.  3.  Examination  of  1 
Lord  Shefadd's  Observations  on  the  Commerce  of  the  United 
Provinces.  1792,  Svo.  4.  View  of  the  U.  States  of  Amc- 
rica,  in  a  series  of  papers  written  1787-94,  Phila.,  1794, 
Svo  ;  Lon.,  1795,  Svo.  5.  Thoughts  on  Naval  Power,  and 
the  Encouragement  of  Commerce  and  Manufactures,  1806. 
6.  Memoir  on  the  Cultivation,  Trade,  and  Manufacture  of 
Cotton, 1807.  7.  MemoironaNavigation  Act,  1809.  8.  State- 
ment of  the  Arts  and  Manufactures  of  the  U.  States,  1814. 
Coxe,  Thomas.  Med.  Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1667. 
Coxe,  Thomas.  Serms.,  1709,  '12,  '26,  '27.  M.agna 
Britannia  ct  Hibcrnia,  antii|ua  et  nova:  or  a  new  Survey 
of  Great  Britain,  Lon.,  6  vols.  4to,  1  720-31  ;  1738.  Coun- 
ties which  have  not  been  elsewhere  particularly  described- 
Lincolnshire.  Suffolk,  Shropshire,  Yorkshire— are  noticed 
in  these  volumes. 
4(2 


-.i^  cox 

Coxe,  'tVilliam,  1747-1S28,  one  of  the  most  useful  of 
modern  historical  writers,  was  a  native  of  London  ;  lellow 
of  King's  College,  1768;  Curate  of  Denham,  1|71;  Rec- 
tor of  Bemerton,  1788;  Canon-Residentiary  of  Salisbury, 
1803-  Archdeacon  of  Wilts,  1805.  He  was  also  Chaplain 
of  the  Tower.  Ho  made  several  excursions  on  the  Conti- 
nent, in  company  with  young  members  of  the  nobility,  and 
pub  the  result  ofhis  observations  to  the  world.  1.  Sketches 
of  the  Natural,  Civil,  and  Political  State  of  Switzerland, 
Lon.,  1779,  Svo.  See  No.  6.  2.  Account  of  the  Russian 
Discoveries  between  Asia  and  America,  Ac,  1780,  4to;  2d 
edit.,  17S0,  (supplet.  pub.  in  1787;  see  No.  5;)  3d  edit., 
1787;  4th  edit,  enlarged,  with  maps,  1804,  Svo. 

'■  This  work  is  interesting,  not  merely  from  the  particular  sul^ 
iect  which  the  title  indicates,  hut  also  on  account  of  the  .sketch  it 
contains  of  the  conquest  of  Siberia,  and  of  the  Kussian  commerce 
with  China."— Stevenson:  roi/a<7esoniirmi'*. 

"This  work  confirmed  the  literary  reputation  of  its  author,  and 
from  the  time  of  its  first  appearance  it  ha.s  been  esteemed  one  of 
he  most  valu.able  sources  of  knowledge  on  the  subject »/  N  °rth«  " 

Europe.    Some  of  the  earlier  P"/''™' ''^''^i^h  "'*•''  /!?„   La? 
bertson,  the  historian,  who  carefuUy  revised  them.  —Lon.  duar. 

"^Mr  Coxe's  book  contains  many  curious  and  important  facts 
with  respect  to  the  various  attempts  of  the  Russians  to  open  a 
communication  with  the  New  World."— Dr.  Hobertsox. 

3  Account  of  the  Prisons  and  Hospitals  in  Russia,  Swe- 
den, and  Denmark,  1780,  Svo.  4.  Travels  in  Russia,  Po- 
land, Sweden,  and  Denmark,  1784,  2  vols.  4to ;  vol.  ui., 
1790,  4to;  2d  edit.,  1787,  5  vols.  Svo;  3d  edit.,  1802,  5  vols. 
8vo;'4thedit.,  1803, '04,  3  vols.  4to.  „,,,,. 

"  Coxe-s  Tour  has  lost  little  of  its  value  by  time.  The  sterling 
ore  of  the  matter  preserves  it,  and  though  it  h.as  been  dis  illed, 
and  hashed  up  inti  a  hundred  snbsi.,|uent  works,  there  is  always 
a  freshness  in  the  original  relation  which  literary  piracy  cannot 
sncc^sslullv  counterfeit. "-Sir  Eoerton  Bsydges. 

"The  substantial  merits  of  this  work  are  weU  known.'--STEVEN- 
son:  Voi/ancs (irid  Travds.  ^        .        ta.  .  -.i, 

6  A'Comparative  view  of  the  Russian  Discoveries,  with 
thoie  made  by  Captain  Cook  and  Gierke  ;  and  a  Sketch  of 
what  remains  to  be  ascertained  by  future  Navigators,  1 1 87, 
4to      See  No.  2,  to  which  this  work  is  supplementary. 

6  Travels  in  Switzerland  and  in  the  country  of  the  Gns- 
sons,  1789,  3  vols.  Svo.     This  may  be  called  an  enlarged 

^"  These  travels  were  performed  in  1776,  and  again  in  1785  and 
1787  and  bear  and  dese,^-e  the  same  character  as  the  author.s  tra- 
vels in  Russia,  &c.  Mr.  Coxe  gives  a  list  of  books  in  i';'''^"laid 
It  he  end  ofhis  3d  volume,  which  may  be  consulted  with  advan- 
tage There  is  a  similar  list  at  the  end  of  his  travels  in  Russia, 
4c°'— Stevexsox:  Foy.irarf  rrnc.        ,  .    .^.  ,i.     t     ,„ 

1  Letters  to  Dr.  R.  Price  upon  his  Discourse  on  the  Love 
of  our  Country,  1790,  Svo.  8.  Expl.  of  the  Catechism, 
179')  Svo  9.  Of  Confirmation,  1793,  Svo.  10.  Gaysia- 
bles"'with  Life  and  Notes.  11.  Letter  to  the  Countess  of 
Pembroke  on  the  secret  tribunals  of  Westphalia,  1'  96,  Svo. 
12.  Memoirs  of  the  Life  and  Administration  of  Sir  Robert 
Walpole,  Earl  of  Orford,  179S,  3  vols.  4to.  The  Sta  e  Pa- 
pers which  accompany  these  Memoirs  are  most  valuable 

to  the  historian. 

"A  more  judicious  and  instructive  biographical  work,  or  one 
more  satisfactory  to  every  rational  desire  of  knowledge,  ts-ot  found 
in  English  literature.  It  combines  m  a  remarkable  degree  the 
exact  and  dispassionate  inquiry  which  forms  the  grea  merit  of 
compiled  history,  with  the  lively  circumstantual  illustration  which 
Sgs  to  contemporary  narrative,  or  that  drawn  from  recent  tra- 
di  ™n  It  would  be  snperHuous  to  dwell  longer  on  a  book  with 
which  no  accurate  reader  of  English  history  can  permit  himself  to 
be  unacquainted."— io".  QMir.  Nevim.  j      •      »  „„ 

Mr  Pitt  remarked  that  he  had  never  formed  a  just  ap- 
preciation of  the  character  of  Sir  Robert  Walpole  and  his 
Administration,  before  ho  had  perused  Mr.  C'o.xc  s  work. 
13  Biographical  Anecdotes  of  Handel  !ind  C.  J.  Smith, 
1799  4to  This  vol.  contains  some  of  Smith's  music  never 
before  pub.  14.  A  Serm.  on  the  excellence  of  the  British 
Jurisdiction,  1799,  Svo.  15.  Historical  Tourin  Monmouth- 
shire ;  with  upwards  of  SO  engravings,  by  Sir  R.  Colt  Iloarc, 
1801,  2  vols.  4to.     Abridged  by  the  author  s  sister,  ISOJ, 

™"  On™  f  Coxe's  most  agreeable  works,  and  may  be  ranked  anions 
the  most  elegant  and  interesting  publications  esUnt  on  British 
Topography."- /.on.  Quarltrl)/  Itn:  ,   i,-  ,     „    „„  i 

This  valuable  work  contains  much  local  history  ami 
many  interesting  biographical  anecdotes.  This  is  a  de- 
partment^Topography-in  which  Americans  will  long 
have  to  enw  their  elder  brethren,  lb.  Memoirs  of  Ho- 
ratio, Lord  SValpole,  1802,  4to.  This  may  be  considered 
as  supplementary  to  No.  12.  17.  Vindication  of  the  C^elte, 
ISO'l  8vo  18.  History  of  the  House  of  Austria,  1218- 
1792!  1807,  3  vols.  4to;  2d  edit,  1820,  5  vols.  Svo;  3d  ed., 

"'^The  Ilou'se  o?Aust°ria  has  in  particular  received  due  homage 
and  respect  tVom  the  labours  of  ,T.  V.  Kraft  and  Jlr.  Archdeacon 
Coxe."— Dr.  DlDDlx ;  Lib.  Comp. 


cox 

"  Coxe'p  Hou  ^e  of  Austria  must  be  diligently  read,"  kc—SmyUi's 
Ltct.  on  Mix/.  lll.st..  q.  V. 

19.  Essay  on  the  Epist.  of  Ignatius,  1807.  8vo.  20.  The 
Literary  Life  and  Select  Works  of  Benj.  Stillingfieet,  1811, 
3  vols.  8vo.  Vol.  i.  contains  the  Life;  ii.  and  iii.  S.'s 
Poetry,  Tracts  on  Nat.  Hist,  and  Prof.  Martyn's  Observa- 
tions. 

'■  The  value  cf  these  original  and  truly  curious  extracts  cannot 
foil  to  be  appreciated  by  every  person  conversant  with  the  subject. 
Mr.  StilliugHeet's  Keoiarks  on  Agricultural  Writers  are  particu- 
larly valualile.  Ilis  Works  will  now  attain  the  rank  iu  every  Li- 
braiy  to  which  they  are  so  justly  entitled." — Lon.  Gent.  Mag. 

21.  Memoirs  of  the  Kings  of  Spain  of  the  House  of 
Bourbon,  1700-88, 1813,  3  vols.  4to;  2ded.,  1815,  5  vols.Svo. 

*' In  Mr.  Coxe's  llouse  of  Bourbon  every  subject  th:it  I  have 
now  alluded  to  is  treated  very  fully.  Ilis  work  is  in  many  places 
entertaining,  and  is  on  the  whole  a  valuable  accession  to  our  his- 
torical information." — Prof,  pMYTri:  Led.  on  Mod.  Hist. 

22.  Letter  on  Tithes,  1815,  8vo.  23.  A  Sermon,  1817, 
4to.  2-4.  Memoirs  of  John,  Duke  of  Marlborough,  with 
his  original  Correspondence,  1818,  '19,  3  vols.  4to  ;  2d  ed., 
1820,  6  vols.  8vo;  new  edit.,  revised  by  John  Wade,  18-48, 
3  vols.  sm.  8vo,  and  an  Atlas  in  4to.  One  of  the  large 
paper  copies  of  the  first  edit,  had  the  two  portraits  of  the 
Duke  taken  on  siitin.  This  copy  was  marked  £30  iu  a 
bookseller's  catiilogue. 

"  To  write  the  Life  of  Marlborough  is  to  write  the  history  of  the 
reign  of  Queen  Anne;  and  it  is  impossible  for  any  one  to  judge 
properly  of  this  pait  of  our  annals,  without  a  diligent  perusal  of 
this  very  ent^-rtAiiuing  and  valuable  work." — Prof.  Smyth  :  Led.  on 
Mod.  Hist. 

25.  Private  Correspondence  of  Charles  Talbot,  Duke  of 
Shrewsbury,  1S21,  4to.  26.  Sketches  of  the  Lives  of  Cor- 
reggio  and  Parmegiano,  1823,  8vo.  27.  Memoirs  of  the 
Administration  of  the  Right  Hon.  Henry  Pelham,  1829, 
2  vols.  4to. 

"  The  late  Archdeacon  Coxe  has  terminated  his  long  and  useful 
literary  course  by  a  work  which  adds  largely  to  our  stores  of  au- 
thentic information.  .  .  .  He  has  executed  his  task  with  no  less 
diligence  and  fidelity  than  he  displayed  while  in  the  full  enjoy- 
ment of  earlier  vigour." — British  Critic. 

"These  Memoirs  have  lately  acquired  a  new  title  to  attention, 
(if  such  a  work  needed  any  casual  inrideut  to  enhance  its  valu*^) 
by  the  publication  of  Lord  Orford's  lively  letters  to  .Sir  Horace 
Mann,  where  a  great  part  of  the  small  talk  embodied  in  "Walpole's 
Memoirs,  and  of  which  Mr.  Coxe's  History  is  the  best  correction, 
reappears  in  a  lighter  form." — Lnn.  Quartn-h/  Jferiew. 

"I  have  now  then  only  to  refer  the  student  to  Mr.  Coxe's  Me- 
moirs of  the  Pelham  Administration,  and  to  request  that  he  will 
depend  on  this  regular  and  authentic  account  of  an  important 
period  in  our  annals,  not  only  while  he  wishes  to  know  the  trans- 
actions that  belong  to  it.  but  the  character  of  the  ministers  and 
parliamentary  leaders  by  which  it  was  distio'zuished.  In  no  other 
way  can  he  derive  a  proper  idea  of  the  merits  of  !^Ir.  Pelham.  Lord 
Hardwicke.  and.  above  all,  of  the  Duke  of  Newcastle." — Prof. 
Smtth  :  Lfict.  on  Mod.  Hist. 

We  notice  a  set  of  Coxe's  Historical  Works  and  Travels, 
24  vols.  imp.  4to,  all  on  large  paper,  in  Mr.  H.  G.  Bohn's 
Catalogue  for  1841,  elegantly  bound  in  red  morocco  by 
Lewis,  priced  £84.  The  same  enterprising  publisher  has 
recently  issued  in  his  excellent  Standard  Librahy,  cheap 
edits,  of  several  of  the  works  of  this  author:  see  ante. 
Here  is  an  opportunity  for  both  long  and  short  purses. 
Let  no  historical  student  fail  to  secure  the.^e  invaluable 
Tolumes  in  some  form,  for,  as  Dr.  Aikin  well  remarks, 

"  He  who  wishes  to  understand  intimately  the  politics  nt"  the 
two  last  reigns  must  consult  the  volumes  of  Mr.  Coxe:  the  future 
historian  will  refer  to  them  with  confidence  and  gratitude." — 
Annual  Jievieiv. 

"The  biographical  labours  of  Mr.  ARrnnEACox  Coxe  are  consi- 
derable in  extent,  aud  meritorious  in  quality ;  and.  as  they  appear 
to  my  judgment,  are  likely  to  be  yet  more  appreciated  by  posterity 
than  in  the  jireS'iil  tiuies." — Dr."  Dibdin;  Lib.  Comp. 

Coxeter,  Thomas,  1689-1747,  a  native  of  Lechlade, 
Gloucestershire,  was  educated  at  Magdalen  School  and 
Trinity  College,  Oxford.  He  collected  some  of  the  mate- 
rials used  in  what  is  styled  Gibber's  Lives  of  the  Poets, 
assisted  Ames  in  his  Typographical  Antiquities,  and  aided 
Theobald  iu  his  black-letter  researches,  when  the  latter 
was  preparing  his  edit,  of  Shakspeare.  Some  of  his  MSS. 
were  used  by  Warton  in  his  History  of  English  Poetry. 
He  pub.  in  1739  an  edit,  of  Daily's,  or  rather  Hall's,  Lite 
of  Bishop  Fisher,  first  pub.  in  1655.  He  was  the  originator 
of  the  scheme  adopted  by  Dodsley  of  publishing  a  collec- 
tion of  Old  English  Plays.  He  also  pub.,  in  1710,  a  poem 
supposed  to  be  his  own,  entitled  Astrea  Licrimans,  to  the 
memory  of  Sir  John  Cook,  and  in  1759  an  edit,  of  Mas- 
singer's  Works  appeared,  said  to  he  "revised,  corrected, 
and  the  editions  collated,  by  Mr.  Coxeter." 

"  We  talked  nf  a  collection  being  made  of  all  thp  En^-lish  pnots 
who  had  published  a  volume  of  pot:-ms.  .'fftlin*;nn  tnM  ni'- ■  tli;it 
a  Mr.  Coxeter.  whom  he  knew,  had  gone  the  greatest  l.-ngtb  Inwards 
this;  having  collected,  I  think,  about  five  hundred  vuluiiifs  of 
poets  whose  works  were  but  little  known;  but  that  upon  his  death 
Tom  Osbourne  bought  them,  and  they  were  dispersed,  which  he 
thought  a  pity,  as  it  was  curious  to  see  any  series  complete;  and 


CRA 

in  every  volume  of  poems  something  good  may  be  found.' " — Bos- 
wdVs  JoJnistm. 

It  should  1)6  mentioned  to  Dr.  Johnson's  credit,  that  he 
often  afi'orded  aid  to  Coxeter's  daughter,  who  was  left  in 
needy  circumstances  by  her  father's  death.  Coxeter  was 
secretary  to  an  English  Historical  Society,  and  he  con- 
templated the  publication  of  an  edit,  of  the  Driimatic 
Works  of  Thomas  May.  See  a  notice  of  him  in  Nichols's 
Literary  Anecdotes,  and  in  the  Gent.  Mag.  for  1756. 

Coyte,  B.,  M.D.  Con.  to  Med.  Trans.,  17s5.  Hortus 
Botanicus  Gippovicensis,  Ipswich,  1796,  4to.  Index  Plan- 
tarum,  vol.  i.  1808,  8vo. 

Coyte,  Joseph  William,  A  Cockney's  Rambles  in 
the  Country.  1811,  12mo. 

Coyte, 'Tobias.     Fifteen  Serms.,  1762,  2  vols.  12mo. 

Coyte,  William,     Serm.,  Norw.,  1710,  12mo. 

Cozens,  Dr.     Mercurius  Ecclesiasticus,  1645,  4to. 

Cozens,  Alexander,  d.  1786,  a  drawing-master  in 
London,  born  in  Russia.  1.  32  Species  of  Trees,  1771. 
2.  Landscapes,  1785.  3.  Nature.  4.  Principles  of  Beauty 
relative  to  the  Human  Head,  with  19  Plates  by  Bartolozzi ; 
Letter  Press  in  English  and  French,  177S,  imp.  fol. 

"A  work  very  ingenious,  but  somewhat  tjinciful." — I>B.  Watt: 
Bill.  Brit. 

Cozens,  Charles,  Adventures  of  a  Guardsman, 
Lon.,  1847,  12mo. 

Cozens,  Samuel,  Biblical  Lexicon  of  2500  names 
and  places,  Lon.,  1848,  12mo. 

Cozens,  Zachariah,  1.  A  Tour  through  the  Isle 
of  Thanet,  1794.  2.  The  Margate  Hoy.  .3.  A  Poem. 
Con.  to  Gent.  Mag.     See  Nichols's  Literary  Anecdotes. 

Cozzens,  Fred.  S.,  b.  1818,  in  New  York  City.  1. 
Prismatics,  N.  York,  1852.  2.  Stone  House  on  the  Sus- 
quehanna. 3.  Sparrowgrass  Papers,  185G,  12mo.  A  work 
full  of  wit  and  humour.  4.  Acadia;  or,  A  Sojourn  among 
the  Blue  Noses,  1858,  12mo.  Ed.  The  Wine-Press;  a 
Monthly  devoted  to  the  interests  of  American  vine- 
planters  and  wine-makers. 

Cozzeus,  Issachar,  b.  1781,  Newport.  R.I.,  uncle 
of  the  preceding.  Geological  History  of  New  York  Island, 
N.Y.,  1843,  8vo. 

Crabb,   George,   of   Magdalen    College,   Oxford,   d. 

1854.  1.  Universal  Historical  Dictionary,  1825,  2  vols. 
4to.  2.  Dictionary  of  General  Knowledge,  5th  ed.,  by 
Rev.  H.  Davis,  1853,  cr.  8vo.  3.  Universal  Technological 
Dictionary,  1823,  2  vols.  4to.  4.  English  Synonymes,  3d 
ed.,  1824,  Svo;  1826,  4to;  pub.  in  N.  York,  lOth'ed.  frcrm 
the  folio  edit.,  1852,  8vo. 

"A  valuable  addition  to  the  philological  treatises  which  we  pos- 
sess."—SriVw/f  Critic,  Od.  1823. 

"As  an  etymologist.  Mr.  Crabb  seems  to  have  some  dictionary- 
knowledge  of  many  languages;  but  to  be  unacquainted  with  the 
philosophy,  or  history  even,  of  languase  in  general.  .  .  .  However, 
with  all  this  appjiceiit  in<T.nip.'ti'in'y  for  thi'  office  of  Pynonymist, 
Mr.  Crabb  has  most  indu^tiinusly  lnou-^bt  together  a  m.iss  of  ma- 
terials and  observatiuiis,  wbirh.  und^r  judicious  selection,  in  more 
skilful  hands,  may,  hereafter,  essentially  contribute  to  the  service 
of  English  literature." — Lon.  Quarterly  Rev.,  xxv. 

"It  is  wished  that  some  such  work  aa  the  Abbe  Girard's  Si/no- 
nivies  i^fl?jfwsc5  were  undertaken  for  our  tongue.  Nothing  would 
contribute  more  to  precise  and  elegant  writing." — Blair's  Led ures. 

5.  German  Grammar  for  Englishmen,  12mo.  6.  Eng- 
lish Grammar  for  Germans.  7.  Extracts  from  Germ.  Au- 
thors ;  7th  ed.  by  Tiarks,  1841,  12uio.  8.  Germ,  and  Eng. 
Conversationists;  9th  ed.  by  Bernays,  1846, 12mo.  9.  New 
Pantheon,  or  Mythology  of  All  Nations,  1847,  ISmo.  Like 
all  Mr.  Crabb's  works,  most  useful  and  instructive. 

Crabb,  George,  1.  Conveyancer's  Assistant,  3d  ed., 
Lon.,  1845.  2  vols,  8voj  4th  ed.,  by  J.  T.  Christie,  Lon., 

1855.  2  vols. 

''Mr.  Christie  has  not  only  ably  revised  this  Fourth  Edition  of  the 
late  Mr.  Crabb' s  work,  but  very  materially  improved  it  by  amend- 
ing, and  in  many  rases  curtailing,  the  length  of  the  oiiginal  pre- 
cedents, and  adapting  them  to  the  established  forms  of  the  present 
day." — Lmi.  I^njul  Observr. 

"  Xo  lawyer  will  feel  his  library  to  be  complete  without  it." — 
BdVs  Messenger. 

2.  Law  of  Real  Property,  1846,  2  vols.  8vo.  3.  Hist,  of 
the  English  Law,  1829.Svo:  41st  Am.  ed..  Burling.,  1831, 
8vo.  This  is  founded  upon  Reeves's  Hist,  of  the  English 
Law.  4.  Digest  and  Index  of  the  Statutes,  Ac,  Lon., 
1841,  '47,  4  vols.  r.  8vo. 

"A  work  of  immense  labour,  most  carefully  and  s;itisfactorily 
stated." — Marvi/i's  L^gal  Bill. 

Crabb,  Habakkuk,  1750-1794.  Serms.,  Camb., 
1796,  r.  8vo. 

"A  valuable  addition  to  the  stock  of  English  Discourses." — ntTOS 

■WORTHINGTOX. 

Crabb,  John,     Poem,  1704;  ditto,  1719,  Oxf.,  fol. 
Crabb,  Maria  J.     Tales  for  Children,  1807,  12mo. 
Crabb,  Roger,    '^he  English  Hermite  ;  or  Wonder  of 
this  Age,  Lon.,  1655, 4to;  reprinted  in  Harl.  Miscell.,  vol.  iv. 

443 


CRA 

Crabbe's  Report  of  Cases  in  D.  C.  TJ.  States  for  the 
E.  District  of  Penna.,  1836-46,  chiefly  hefore  the  Hon. 
Joseph  Hopliinson,  Phila.,  8vo. 

"Mr  Crflblip's  Reports  are  extremely  "well  done.  The  style  is 
Rood,  the  t-.cts  of  the  cases  well  stated,  and  the  syllabus  carefully 
abstracted."     See  Amer.  Law  Kepis..  June,  1853. 

Crabbe,  George,  1754-1832,  a  native  of  Aldborough, 
Suffolk,  was  the  son  of  a  collector  of  the  salt-duties,  who 
placed  him  as  an  apprentice  with  a  surgeon,  which  pro- 
fession the  future  author  for  a  time  adopted.     Meeting 
with  l)Ut  little  success,  and  having  liecome  enamoured  of 
authorship,  he  determined  to  seek  his  fortune  in  London, 
which  he  had  already  visited  as  a  medical  student.     A 
poetical  address  to  the  monthly  reviewers,  entitled,  The 
Candidate,  profited  him  but  little  either  in  pocket  or  repu- 
tation, and  the  ret  amjmta  dumi — if  the  term  may  be  ap- 
plied to  a  poet's  garret — stared  him  in  the  face  with  a  most 
threatening  aspect.     In  this  emergency  he  made  unsuc- 
cessful applications  for  relief  to  Lord  North,  Lord  Shel- 
hurne,  and  Lord    Chancellor   Thurlow.     The    latter  was 
subsci|uently  more  gracious  to  him.  and  presented  him 
with   £100,  and  two  years  later  with  two  small  livings. 
But  at  the  earlier  period  of  which  we  speak,  he  would 
have  been  desolate  and  destitute  indeed,  had  it  not  in  a 
happy  moment  occurred  to  him  to  make  known  his  case 
to  that  exalted  character— Edmund  Burke,  a  name  never 
to  be  mentioned  without  reverence  nor  thought  of  without 
admiration  and  esteem.     His  written  application  will  be 
found  in  the  Life  of  the  poet  by  his  son,  and  several  letters 
to  Mr.  Burke  are  pub.  in  the  Correspondence  of  the  latter. 
In  our  memoir  of  this  distinguished  statesman  and  philo- 
sopher, we  have  quoted  an  eloquent  tribute  by  Crabbe  to 
the  virtues  of  his  generous  benefactor,  and  we  have  such 
delight  in  recording  any  thing  to  the  honour  of  this  illus- 
trious man,  that  we  cannot  withhold  from  the  reader  the 
enthusiastic  eulogy  of  the  grateful  child  of  the  deeply 
obliged  author: 

■•  He  went  into  Mr.  Burke's  room,  a  poor  youns  adventurer, 
spurned  by  the  opulent,  and  rejected  by  the  publishers,  his  last 
shillini;  cone,  and  all  but  his  last  hope  with  it:  he  came  out  vir- 
tu.llly  secure  of  almost  .ill  the  good  fortune  that,  by  successive 
steps  afterwards  fell  to  his  lot— his  genius  acknowledged  by  one 
whose  verdict  could  not  be  qnestioned— his  character  and  manners 
appreciated  and  approved  by  a  noble  and  capacious  heart,  whose 
l>enevolence  knew  no  limits'  but  its  power— that  of  a  giant  in  in- 
tellect, who  was,  in  feeling,  an  unsophisticated  child— a  bright  ex- 
ample of  the  close  affinity  between  superlative  talents  and  the 
w:u-mth  of  the  generous  affections.  Mr.  Crabbe  had  afterwards 
many  other  friends,  kind,  liberal,  and  powerful,  who  assisted  him 
in  his  professional  career;  but  it  was  one  hand  alone  that  rescued 
him  when  he  was  sinking." 

By  the  assistance  of  this  true  friend,  who  took  him  un- 
der his  own  roof,  Cr.abbe  was  enabled  to  prepare  himself 
for  admission  to  holy  orders.  He  was  ordained  deacon  in 
1781  and  priest  in  1782.  After  officiating  for  a  time  as 
curate  to  the  rector  of  Aldborough.  he  became,  by  the  in- 
fluence of  Mr.  Burke,  chaplain  to  the  Duke  of  Kutland. 
.and  took  up  his  residence  at  Belvoir  Castle.  In  1783 
Lord  Thurlow  presented  him  with  two  small  livings  in 
Dorsetshire.  He  now  felt  at  liberty  to  marry  the  object 
of  his  early  afTections— Sarah  Elmy— who  was  removed  by 
death  in  181 3.  In  this  year — ho  had  in  the  meantime  held 
several  rectories  and  curacies — the  Duke  of  Rutland  gave 
him  the  living  of  Trowbridge  in  Wiltshire,  to  which  the 
incumbency  of  Croxton,  near  Belvoir,  was  subsequently 
added.  Here  he  lived  for  the  rest  of  his  life,  a  useful, 
respected,  and  beloved  parish  priest,  occasionally  relieving 
his  piistoral  duties  by  a  visit  to  his  literary  friends  in 
London,  who  admired  the  poet,  esteemed  the  man,  and 
revered  the  priest.  In  1822  he  paid  a  visit  to  Sir  W.alter 
Scott,  in  Edinburgh.  We  now  come  to  the  consideration 
of  his  writings.  The  Poem  of  the  Library  was  pub.  in 
1781,  4to,  and  met  with  a  flattering  reception.  Two  years 
later  appeared  The  Village,  which  confirmed  his  literary 
reputation,  and  made  the  obscure  priest  one  of  the  most 
noted  in  an  age  of  great  names.  Both  of  these  poems  had 
before  publication  received  the  benefit  of  the  revision  of 
Mr.  Borkc.  and  The  Village  had  passed  under  the  critical 

eye  of  Dr.  Johnson  : 
■^  "March  4,  1763. 

"Sir— I  have  sent  you  back  Mr.  Crabbe's  poem,  which  I  re.ad 
■with  great  delight.     It  is  original,  vigorous,  and  elegant. 

"The  alterations  which  I  have  made  I  do  not  require  him  to 
adopt,  for  my  lines  are  perhaps  not  often  better  than  his  own ; 
but  he  mav  take  mine  and  his  own  together,  and  perhaps  between 
them  produce  something  better  than  either.  He  is  not  to  think 
his  copy  wantonly  defaced.  A  wet  sponge  will  wash  all  the  red 
lines  away,  and  leave  the  p.age  clear. 

"  The  d'edica  lion  wilt  be  least  liked.  It  were  better  to  contract  it 
into  a  short,  sprightly  address.  I  do  not  doubt  Mr.  Crabbe's  suc- 
cess."— 1)>-.  Jtihuson  th  Sir  Joshua  EarntiUh. 

Scenes  so   graphically  described,  appealing  to  the  ex- 


CRA 


perience  of  so  many,  could  not  he  otherwise  than  widely 
read  Those  who  read  extracts  in  the  jimrnals  wore  not 
satisfied  until  they  had  procured  the  volume,  and  the  au- 
thor felt  his  position  to  be  no  longer  doubtful.  Ibe  News- 
p.aper  appeared  in  1785;  The  Parish  Register  in  1807: 
The  Borough  in  1810;  Tales  in  Verse  in  1812;  and  his 
last  publication-Tales  of  the  H.-ill-in  1819.  He  so  d  this 
work,  and  the  unexpired  term  of  his  former  copyrights,  to 
Mr  Murray  for  the  handsome  sum  of  £3000.  We  should 
not  omit  to  mention,  that  two  years  before  the  publication 
of  the  last-named  work,  Mr.  Crabbe  pub.  a  Sermon  on  the 
Variation  of  Public  Opinion  as  it  respects  Religion.  In 
delineating  the  homely  everyday  scenes  of  common  Lng- 
li.li  life  —in  depicting  the  tenants  of  the  lowly  cottage,  the 
rude  hut,  the  parish  workhouse,  and  the  jail— perhaps 
Crabbe  has  never  been  surpassed.  His  command  ot 
language  and  facility  in  rhyme  are  remarkable,  and 
without  being  free  from  diffusiveness,  there  is  often  an 
epigrammatical  terseness  in  his  lines  which  delights  even 
a  careless  reader.  Horace  Smith  calls  him  "  Pope  in 
worsted  stockings,"  but  Horace  said  many  things  in  his 
wit  which  he  would  have  repudiated  in  his  wisdom.  One 
of  the  most  eloquent  criticisms  upon  Crabbe  s  writings  with 
which  wo  are  acquainted  will  be  found  in  Cunningham  s 
Biog.  Hist,  of  England.     We  give  a  brief  extract  ; 

"The  severity  of  fr.ibbes  muse  consists  in  a  failhlul  portraiture 
of  nature.  If  "man  is  not  always  happy,  it  is  not  the  poet  s  fault. 
There  is  too  much  of  sober  reality  in  life  to  make  the  picture  other 
than  it  is  This  Crabbe  knows,  for  he  writes  of  scenes  under  his 
own  observation.  He  lived  amidst  the  people  he  describes,  felt 
their  occasional  joys,  and  saddened  over  their  many  misfortunes. 
Bu  i^his  gloomiLt  character  he  ■?<^'"  '  ""'"t^Pf "«  "°*f '^ 
of  mature'  He  does  not  accumulate  horrors  for  etlect.  He  has  no 
extravagant  and  unnatural  heroes  pouring  forth  their  morbid  sen- 
iment  fn  his  pages.  There  is  no  sickly  affectation,  but  a  pure  and 
healthy  portrait  of  life-of  life  it  may  be  in  its  unhappiest  but  m 
fts  least  artificial,  development,  where  society  haf  .*""^.  '^  *° 
alter  its  rough  uneducated  tones,  where  the  actual  feeliigs  and 
passions  of  man  m.ay  be  tr.aced  at  every  footstep.  --Vol.    m.  420. 

Gifford,  referring  to  the  affecting  story  of  the  village  girl 
betrothed  to  the  sailor,  in  The  Borough,  remarks : 

"  Longinus  somewhere  mentions,  that  it  was  a  question  among 
the  critics  of  his  age,  whether  the  sublime  could  be  produced  by 
tenderness.  If  tbfs  question  had  not  been  already  determmed, 
this  history  would  have  gone  far  to  bring  it  to  a  decision. 

Allan  Cunningham  hardly  agrees  with  the  critic  quoted 

"  •"crabbe  is  a  cold  and  remorseless  dissector,  who  pauses  with  the 
streaming  knife  in  his  hands,  to  explain  how  strongly  the  blood 
is  tainted,  what  a  gangrene  is  in  the  liver,  how  conipletelj  the 
sources  of  health  are  corrupted,  and  that  the  subject  is  a  had  one 
Deliver  us  from  Cnabbe  in  the  hour  of  depression!  I'l'tures 
of  moral,  and  mental,  and  bodily  degradation,  are  frequent  through 
all  his  works;  he  is  one  of  Job's  chief  comforters  to  the  people.  - 
Jliog.amlCrit.Hisl.o/Lit. 

We  quote  an  able  criticism  on  Crabbe  from  an  eminent 

''""mT  Crabbe  is  the  greatest  matincnrf,  perhaps,  of  .all  our  living 
poets ;  and  it  is  rather  uufortun.ate  that  the  most  prominent  features 
of  his  mannerism  are  not  the  most  pleasing.  'Ibe  homely,  quaint, 
and  proSiic  stvle-the  flat,  and  often  bi-oken  and  J.ngly  versifea- 
tion-the  etefnal  full-lengths  of  low  and  worthless  characters- 
"ith  their  accustomed  garnishing  of  sly  jokes  and  ""'bar  mo- 
ralizing-are  all  on  the  surface  of  his  writmgs;  and  are  almost 
unavoidably  the  things  by  which  we  are  first  «minded  of  him 
when  we  take  up  any  of  his  new  produc  ions.  Yet  they  are  not 
the  things  that  truly  constitute  his  peculiar  manner,  or  g  ve  that 
character  by  which  he  will  and  ought  to  be  remembered  with  fu- 
Uire  generations.  It  is  plain,  indeed  that  they  are  thing.s  that 
will  make  nobody  remembered-and  cin  never,  therefore,  be 
re.ally  characteristic  of  some  of  the  most  original  and  powerful 

P°f.te'a?c^orr41y"has"oTher  gifts;  and  those  not  less  pecu- 
liar or  ess  strongly  marked  than  the  blemishes  with  which  they 
are  cnntrasted-an  unrivalled  and  almost  magical  power  of  olv 
seTvation.  resulting  in  descriptions  so  true  to  nature  as  to  strike 
u,  rather  as  transcripts  than  imitations-an  anatomy  ol  character 
■lud  feeling  not  lessexquisite  and  searchmg-an  occasional  touch  of 
manlv  enderness-and  a  d.'ep  and  dreadful  pathetic.  ■"<".'P<'"»'» 
bv  fits,  and  strangelv  interwoven  with  the  most  minnteand  humble 
of  his  details.  Add  to  all  this  the  sure  and  profound  sagacity  of 
the  emarks  with  which  he  every  now  and  then  -•»>■'  ;-;«"y"">« 
midst  of  very  unambitious  discussions;  and  the  weight  and  teise^ 
ness  of  the  maxims  which  he  drops,  like  O"™  ^F.^'f.P""^;^;  ™ 
occasions  that  give  no  promise  of  such  a  revelation ;  and  last, 
?h"S.  not  leas?,  that  s,?eet  and  seldom^sounded  chord  of  l.^^^l 
inspiration,  the  lighte.st  touch  of  which  instantly  "Charms  away 
M  Kness  from'his  numbers  and  .all  harshness  from  h'S  hemes 
-and  at  once  exalts  him  to  a  level  with  the  most  energetic  and 
inventive  poets  of  his  .ige."— Loan  Jeffeet.  _ 

Read  articles  in  Edin,  Review,  xii.  IBl.Jsyi-  30  :sj.  2,  ,, 
rxxii  lis  Ix.  131;  Lon.  Quar.  Rev..  1.  468,  In.  9(  ;  Black- 
wood's Mag.,  v.  469;  N.  American  Rev.,  xxx.x.  135.  An 
edit,  of  Crabbe's  Works  was  pub.  in  7  vols.  fp.  Svo.  Lon., 
ISOO-  1S03  5  vols.  Svo,  and  r.  Svo.  Life,  with  his  Letters 
anljour^'ls,  by  his  son:  new  edit  1838  fp.  Svo  New 
edit,  of  his  Life  and  Poetical  Works,  edited  by  his  son. 


CRA 


CRA 


1847,  1  vol.  r.  8vo.  Poetical  Works,  with  his  Letters  and 
Journals,  1847,  8  vols.  fp.  8vo ;  Works,  Ac,  5  vols.  8vo  ; 
also  in  1860  and  1851.  The  Life,  by  the  son  of  the  poet, 
has  been  highly  commended. 

"  We  never  read  a  more  interestinf;  piece  of  biography — it  is  so 
unaffected,  and  we  are  sure  so  iaithful.  that  we  now  feel  as  well 
acquainted  with  the  man  as  we  haye  hitherto  been  with  the  poet." 
~-Lon.  Alfirn<rum. 

Crabtree,  Wm.     Observationes  Ccelestes,  1672,  4to. 

Crabtree,  Wm.     Funeral  Serm.,  Leeds,  1780,  8vo. 

Cracherode,  Rev.  Clayton  Mordaunt,  1729- 
1799,  educated  at  Christ  Church,  O-iford,  was  conspicuous 
for  his  taste  in  books,  pictures,  Ac,  and  for  his  noble  Li- 
brary and  collection  of  curiosities,  which  were  bequeathed 
to  the  British  Museum.  Three  specimens  of  his  e.xccllent 
Latin  poetry  will  be  found  in  the  Carmina  Quadragesi- 
inalia,  for  the  year  174S,  and  an  account  of  the  author  and 
his  books  is  recorded  by  Dr.  Dibdin  in  the  Bibliographical 
Decameron.  Also  .see  Gent.  Mag.,  vol.  lix.,  and  Sims's 
Hand  Book  to  the  Library  of  the  British  Museum. 

'•  He  was  a  splendid  star  in  the  old  school  of  biljlioi^raphy — from 
the  time  of  the  .sale  of  Askew's  library  to  the  day  of  his  death — 
which  latter  event  took  place  about  eifiht  or  nine  years  after  the 
dispersion  of  the  Pinelli  collection." — Dibdin's  Biblioa.  Decameron, 
lii.  329. 

Cracklow,  C.  Views  of  Churches  in  Surrey,  Lon., 
1827,  4to.  This  should  accompany  BrittonandBrayley's 
Hist,  of  Surrey. 

Cracknell,  Beoj.,  D.D.  Theolog.  treatises,  1794- 
1806. 

Craddock,Francis.Rerenuo  without  Taxes,1661,4to. 

Cradock,  John,  Archljp.  of  Dublin.  Serm.  before 
the  Univ.  of  Camljridge,  1739 ;  H.  of  Commons,  1752 ; 
Fast  S.,  1758. 

Cradock,  Joseph.  Tour  in  Wales,  Lon.,  1770, 12mo. 
Zobeide;  a  Trag.,  1771,  Svo.  Account  of  parts  of  N.  Wales, 
1777,  12mo.  Literary  and  Misc.  Memoirs  and  some  of  the 
author's  writings,  1826-28,  4  vols.  Svo. 

''  Anecdotes  of  many  distinguished  political,  literary,  and  thea- 
tric characters  of  the  ISth  centui-y,  travels  in  parts  of  Europe,  and 
reprints  of  several  of  the  author's  tracts  and  plays." — Low.ndes. 

Cradock,  Samuel,  1620-1701!.  a  Nonconformist  di- 
vine. Fellow  of  Emanuel  College,  O.xford,  Rector  of  North 
Cadbury,  ejected,  1662.  1.  Knowledge  and  Practice,  Lon., 
1659,  8vo. 

"  I  know  of  no  book  so  well  adapted  to  help  a  yount;  minister  " 
— Orton. 

"One  of  the  best  systems  of  divinity  which  a  plain  man  can 
read." — Bogde. 

'•  Much  instruction  is  condensed." 

2.  Harmony  of  the  Four  Evangelists,  1668,  fol.  This 
was  revised  by  Archbishop  Tillotson. 

"In  the  seventeenth  century  it  was  deservedly  held  in  the 
hiEhest  estimation  ;  though  it  is  now  superseded  by  later  and  more 
critical  works." — T.  H.  IIorne. 

3.  The  Apostolical  History,  1672,  fol.  4.  The  Old  Testa- 
ment History  Methodized,  16S.S,  fol. ;  in  Latin,  at  Leyden, 
1685,  8vo.  Superseded  by  the  labours  of  Stackhouse  and 
Townsend.     5.  Exposition  of  the  Revelation,  1692,  Svo. 

"  Superseded  by  later  and  better  works." — T.  H.  HoRNE. 

"  Anti-millenarian,  but  ev.anjxelical." — Bickersteth. 

fi.  Gospel  Liberty.     7.  A  Catechism. 

"Ciadock's  three  volumes  are  very  readable:  the  two  last  on 
the  New  Testament  are  much  better  than  the  first  on  the  Old.  His 
extracts  in  the  m.irgin  from  Hammond,  Lij^htfoot,  and  Grotius, 
are  very  judiiious:  and  I  think,  on  the  whole,  I  never  read  any 
one  author  that  assisted  me  more  in  what  relates  to  the  New  Tes- 
tament."'— Dr.  DoiiDltlDGE. 

Cradock,  Thomas,  d.  1760,  Rector  of  St.  Thomas's, 
Baltimore  county,  Maryland.  Two  Serms.,  1747,  Svo. 
Trans,  of  Buchanan's  Latin  Psalms  into  Eng.  Verse,  1754, 
Svo. 

Cradock,  Walter,  d.  1 660,  a  Puritan  divine,  travelled 
m  Wales,  and  excited  great  interest  in  religion  by  his  ser- 
mons. To  this  day  in  some  parts  of  Wales  professors  of 
religion  are  called  "  Cradocks."  Serms.,  1646, 4to.  Gospel 
Liberty,  1646,  4to.  Divine  Drops,  1650,  4to.  Gospel-holi- 
ne3.»e,  1651.  4to.     Works,  Chester,  1800,  Svo. 

"His  works  excel  in  clearness  of  doctrine,  especially  in  the 
grand  article  of  Christian  righteousness.  The  author  discovers  a 
great  simplicity  of  manner  as  a  preacher,  with  much  energv  and 
loving  zeal."— Dr.  E.  Williams. 

Cradock,  William,  D.D.     .Serms.,  1713,  '18,  8vo. 

Cradock,  Zachary,  D.D.,  163.3-1695.  iSerms.,  1078, 
1706,  '42.  Two  of  his  serms.,  one  on  Providence,  and  one 
on  the  Design  of  Christianity,  have  been  greatly  admired. 

Cradocke,  Edward.  'The  Shippe  of  Assured  Safetie. 
Discourse  of  God's  Providence,  Lon.,  1571,  16mo. 

Cradocot.     Sermon,  Lon.,  166.3,  4to. 

Craford,  Earl  of.     Speech,  Lon.,  1641,  4to. 

Crafordius,  Matt.  Latin  treat,  on  the  Sabbath, 
1669,  Svo.  ' 


Crafts,  William,  1787-1826,  a  native  of  Charleston, 
S.  Carolina,  and  for  some  time  editor  of  The  Charleston 
Courier.  He  attained  considerable  distinction  as  a  law- 
yer. Poems,  Essays,  and  Orations,  with  a  Biog.  Memoir, 
Charleston,  1828.  See  Kettell'a  Spec.  American  Poetry, 
ii.  144. 

C'rafurdius,  Thomas.     Sec  Craufdrd. 

Crafurdiiis.     See  Chai:ford. 

Crag,  John.  A  Prophecy  concerning  the  Earl  of 
Essex  that  now  is,  1641,  4to. 

Cragge,  John.  1.  G.  Britain's  Prayers  in  the  time 
of  dangerous  Contagion,  1641,  4to.  2.  Against  Annbap- 
tism,  1656,  Svo.  3.  Cabinet  of  Spirituall  Jewells,  in  Eight 
Serms.,  1657.  4.  The  Royal  Prerogative,  <tc.,  and  a  Serm., 
1661,  Svo. 

Craghead,  Robert.  Answer  to  a  discourse  of  Dp. 
Eing,  Edin.,  1694,  4to. 

Craig,  A.  R.  1.  Corporal  Punishments  in  Schools, 
Lon.,  1844,  Svo.     2.  Philosophy  of  Training,  1847,  12mo. 

"  Worthy  of  attention ;  for  its  purpose  is  not  only  to  obviate  the 
necessity  of  normal  schools  for  teachers,  but  to  afford  better  guides 
to  the  mode  of  teaching  languages,  so  as  to  abridge  the  time  em- 
ployed in  attaining  them,  and  to  enable  the  learner  to  gain  them 
with  more  ease  and  accuracy." — Lmi.  Gent.  Mag. 

Craig,  or  Craige,  Alexander.  Poeticall  Essayes, 
Lon.,  1604,  4to.  Amorose  Songs,  Sonets,  and  Elegies, 
1606,  12mo.     Poeticall  Recreations,  Aberd.,  1623,  4to. 

Craig,  Edward.  Jacob,  or  Patriarchal  Piety,  1826, 
12mo.     Sermons,  1S28,  12mo. 

"The  grand  doctrines  of  the  gospel  are  here  brought  promi- 
nently Jbrward,  and  established  by  clear  and  appropriate  testimo- 
nies from  the  sacred  volume.  Wo  feel  as  we  read  these  sermons 
the  kindling  ardour  of  a  devotional  spirit." — Loil.  Cong.  Mag. 

Craig,  James,  1682-1744,  a  native  of  East  Lothian, 
one  of  the  most  popular  preachers  in  Edinburgh.  Divine 
Poems.  Serms.,  Edin.,  1732-38,  3  vols.  Svo.  Greatly  ad- 
mired ;  very  scarce,  and  should  be  republished. 

Craig,  John,  1512  ?-1600,  a  preacher  of  the  Reforma- 
tion in  .Scotland,  wrote  the  celelu-ated  National  Covenant, 
and  partly  compiled  The  Second  Book  of  Discipline.  A 
Short  Summe  of  the  whole  Catechism,  Edin.,  1581,  Svo. 
,So  rare,  that  a  copy  iu  a  Ijookseller's  catalogue  some  years 
back,  was  priced  £S  8s.     Reprinted,  Lon.,  1591,  Svo. 

Craig,  John,  a  Scotch  mathematician.  Theologize 
ChristianjK  Principia  Mathematica,  Lon.,  1699, 4to;  Leip- 
sic,  1755.  In  this  he  attempts  to  prove  that  tlie  Ciiristian 
religion  will  last  only  1454  years  from  the  date  of  his  book, 
unless  the  second  coming  of  Christ  prevent  its  extinction. 
Abbe  Hautville  refuted  his  arguments  in  his  Christian  Re- 
ligion proved  by  facts.  Craig  pub.  several  mathematical 
treatises,  and  some  papers  in  Phil.  Trans.,  1698-1712.  See 
Chalmers's  Biog.  Diet.,  and  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit. 

Craig,  John.  Origin  of.  the  Distinctions  of  Rank, 
by  Prof.  Millar,  with  account  of  his  life  and  writings, 
Edin.,  1806,  Svo.  Remarks  on  Doctrines  in  Political 
Economy,  Svo.  Elements  of  Political  Science,  1814,  3 
vols.  Svo. 

Craig,  John.  New  Universal  Etymological,  Tech- 
nological, and  Pronouncing  Dictionary  of  the  English 
Language,  with  an  Essay  on  Language,  Lon.,  1852,  2  vols. 
Svo. 

"  Partaking,  from  the  copiousness  of  its  explanations,  and  the 
number  of  words,  of  the  claaracter  of  an  Encyclopaedia.  It  con- 
t.iins  a  vast  m.iss  of  important  information  on  Natural  History  and 
Science." 

Craig,  R.  D.,  and  T.  J.  PhilHps.  Reports  of 
Cases  in  H.  C.  of  Chancery,  3  Vict.,  1S40,  '41,  Lon.,  1842, 
Svo.  R.  D.  C.  and  J.  W.  Mylne's  Reports  in  Chancery, 
1835-41,  5  vols.  r.  Svo,  1837-48. 

Craig,  Rev.  Robert.  Refutation  of  Popery.  Lon., 
2  vols.  Svo.  Tlieocracy,  or  the  Principles  of  the  Jewish 
Religion  and  Polity  adapted  to  all  Nations  and  Times,- 
1848,  p.  Svo. 

"An  excellent  treatise,  written  with  clearness  and  vigour.'' — 
Edinburgh  Advirtiser. 

Craig,  Sir  Thomas,  of  Riccarton,  1548-1608,  an 
eminent  lawyer  and  antiquary,  a  native  of  Edinburgh. 
Poemata,  Ed'in.,  1603,  4to ;  et  inter  Delit.  Poet.  Scotar., 
Amst.,  1637,  Svo.  Jus  Feudale,  tribus  Libris  comprehen- 
sum,  left  in  MS.  by  the  author,  edited  and  pub.  by  Robert 
Burnet  in  1655,  fol.  The  2d  edit,  was  enlarged  Ijy  Mencke- 
nius :  the  last  edit,  was  improved  by  the  notes  and  cor- 
rections of  James  Baillie,  Edin.,  1732,  fol. ;  Lon.,  1766, 
4to;  Lipsiii',  1716.  fol.  Other  edits,  and  translations.  It 
illustrates  the  Feudal  Law  as  applied  in  Scotland. 

"  A  basting  monument  of  the  extraordinary  learning  of  its  great 
author." — Bishop  Nicolson:  Hist.  Lib. 

"Craig  has  taken  little  pains  to  search  into  the  anlinuitips  of 
our  law.  It  was  not  the  practice  in  his  days  either  for  historians 
or  lawyers  to  dip  into  records ;  and  our  author  appears  to  be  better 

419 


CRA 


CRA 


acquainted  with  the  Feudal  history  of  other  countries,  which 
niit^ht  be  learned  from  books,  than  with  the  Feudal  history  of  his 
own  country,  which  must  be  gathered  from  records." — LordKames: 
^ttiluie  Law  of  Scotland. 

*'  Craig's  is  a  work  of  authority  all  over  Europe."  See  Moreri ; 
and  Laing's  Hist,  of  Scotland. 

Scotland's  Sovereignty  asserted;  being  a  dispute  con- 
cerning Homage,  Lon.,  1695,  8vo. 

"An  elaborate  treatise,  provintr  that  the  kinps  of  Scotland  neyer 
paid  nor  owed  any  homage  to  those  of  England." — Bishop  Nicol- 
BON :  Hist.  Lib. 

The  Right  of  Succession  to  the  Kingdom  of  England, 
Lon.,  1703,  fol.,  answered  by  W.  Atwood.  Craig  was  au- 
thor of  some  Latin  poems,  which  have  been  highly  ad- 
mired. See  an  Account  of  his  Life  and  Writings  by  Pat- 
rick Fraser  Tytler,  Edin.,  1823,  8vo;  and  see  Lowndes's 
Bibl.  Manual. 

"  Sir  Thomas  Craij;  is  known  in  every  enlightened  country  In 
Europe — and  his  Latin  Poems  have  been  mentioned  in  commenda- 
tory terms  by  critical  writers." — Irvine. 

Craig,  Thomas.     Sermon,  Lon.,  1821,  8vo. 
Craig,  VV.  Marshall,     Study  of  Nature  in  drawing 
Landscape,  Lon.,  1703,  4to,     He  attacks  Gilpin's  principles 
of  drawing.     Craig  pub.  several  other  works  on  painting, 
drawing,  ic. 

Craig,  William,  D.D.,  1709-1783,  of  St.  Andrew's 
Church,  Glasgow.  Essay  on  the  Life  of  Christ,  Edin., 
1767,  12mo.  Discourses,  Edin.,  1775,  3  vols,  12mo;  new 
edit.,  1808,  2  vols.  Svo. 

*'  Habitually  pious,  ardently  devout,  and  deeply  interested  in 
the  welfiire  of  those  who  listened  to  his  instruction,  he  delivered 
himself  with  genuine  and  becoming  earnestness."^pROF.  Kichari>- 
SON,  in  Biog.  BHt. 

Craigie,  David,  M.D.  Elements  of  the  Practice  of 
Physic,  Edin.,  1837^0,  2  vols.  Svo.  Elements  of  General 
and  Pathological  Anatomy,  2d  edit.,  Edin.,  18-47,  Svo, 
pp.  1088. 

"A  volume  which  may  be  perused  with  pleasure  and  advantage, 
both  by  the  non-professional  man  of  science  and  the  practical  ana- 
tomist."— La  n  cet . 

See  "Anatomy,"  in  Encyc.  Brit,  7th  edit. 
Craigie,  J.,  and  J.  S.  Stewart.     Reports  of  Cases 
decided  in  the  H.  of  Lords  under  Appeal  from  Scotland, 
1720-53.  being  a  continuation   of  Kob*F(sOQ'ft  Reports, 
Edin.,  1825,  Svo. 

Craik,  George  LiUie,  b.  1799,  in  Tifeshire,  son 
of  a  schoolmaster,  settled  in  London  in  1824;  Prof.  Eng- 
lish Literature  and  IIi:-'tory,  Queen's  College,  Eellast,  since 
1849.  From  the  commencement  t^:"  the  close  of  the  Psnny 
Cyclopedia  he  was  one  of  its  most  valuable  contributors 
in  history  and  biography,  and  is  one  of  tbo  most  useful 
writers  of  the  dav.  1.  Romance  of  the  Pe«rage,  Lon., 
1848-50,  4  vols.  p'.  Svo. 

"  We  believe  there  are  few  literary  men  in  England  who  are  Bo 
well  ac'juaiuted  with  this  subject  as  the  present  author." — Jer- 
roJd's  Ne-wspapf^r. 

2.  Bacon  :  his  Writings  and  his  Philosophy,  %  vols.  18mo. 
Highly  commended :  see  notice  in  Lon.  Athena-um,  &c. 
3.  Spenser  and  his  Poetry,  3  vols.  18mo.  4.  Paris  and  its 
Historical  Scenes,  2  vols.  ISmo.  6.  Evils  of  Popular  Tu- 
mults, illustrative  of  the  Evils  of  Social  Ignorance,  ISmo. 
6.  History  of  British  Commerce  from  the  Earliest  Time 
to  the  Present  Day,  3  vols.  i8mo. 

"To  the  merchant,  the  capitalist,  the  manufacturer,  the  trades- 
man, to  all  who  are  dt^sirous  of  knowing  by  what  means  England 
has  arrived  at  her  present  state  of  eommercial  greatness  and  pros- 
perity, we  recommend  this  worlt  as  the  cheapest  and  by  Cvr  the 
hest  mode  of  obtiiiuinfj  the  desired  information." — Lincoln  Stan. 

7.  History  of  Literature  and  Learning  in  England,  from 
the  Earliest  Time  to  the  Present  Dav,  6  vols,  in  3,  ISmo, 
1844,  '45. 

"An  invaluable  textrbook  to  all  students  of  English  literature." 
^Lon.  Critic. 

8.  The  Pursuit  of  Knowledge  under  Difficulties,  (3  vols. 
ISmo;)  a  new  edit.,  to  which  is  added  Female  Examples, 
(2  vols.  ISmo.)  5  vols,  in  2.  1845-47. 

"A  body  of  examples,  full  of  anecdotes  and  interest,  to  show  how 
an  ardent  desire  for  knowledj^e  has  been  able  to  triumph  over  the 
most  unpropitious  cirL-umstances.  A  pleasant  book,  worthy  of 
being  accepted  by  all  thoughtful  women  and  honourable  men." — 
Zon.  Atfwnceuvi. 

9.  Outlinesof  theEng.  Language,  1851. 13mo.  Mr.  Craik 
and  Charles  Macfarlane  were  the  pfineipnl  euntrihutors  to 
Knight's  invaluable  Pictorial  History  of  England,  8  vols, 
supur-roy.  Svo.     Sec  Andrews,  J.  Pettit. 

"Scrupulous  accuracy,  unwearied  research,  and  sound  criticism, 
united  with  an  ardent  deeire  for  the  safe  and  gradual  advance  of 
all  that  may  practically  improve  the  condition  of  society,  are  the 
leading  characteristics  of  Mr.  Craik's  ■writings." — KnighVs  Eng. 
Cyc,  Div.  Biog.,  vul.  ii. 

Crakanthorpc,  Richard,  D.D.,  1569-1624,  Fellow 
of  Queen's  College.  Oxford.  1598.    Defensio  Ecclesise  Ang- 
licana;,  Ac,  Lou.,  1625,  4to, 
446 


"  Which  book  was  held  to  be  the  most  exact  piece  for  controversy 
since  the  time  of  the  Ueformalion." — At/ien.  Oxim. 

Dr.  C.  also  wrote  A  Defence  of  Justinian,  1616,  4to;  of 
Constantine,  1621,  4to;  Popish  Falsitications,  1607;  A 
Treatise  of  the  5th  Genl.  Council  at  Constantinople,  553, 
1631,  fol.;  and  some  sermons,  <fec.     See  Athen.  Oxon. 

'^  Dr.  Crakanthorpe's  Defensio  gives  the  best  account  of  most 
Popish  controversies." 

In  his  Treatise  of  the  5th  General  Council  he  contends, 
in  opposition  to  Baronius  and  Blnnius,  that  the  Pope's 
apostolical  cnstit.  and  definitive  sentence  in  matter  of 
faith  was  condemned  as  heretical  by  the  Synod. 

Crakelt,  \V.     Trigonometry,  &c. 

Cralle,  Richard  K.,  of  South  Carolina.  Life  and 
Works  of  .John  C.  Calhoun,  N.Y.,  6  vols.  8vo.     See  p.  327. 

Cramer,  J.  A.  Catenae  Gra-corum  Patrum  in  Novum 
Testamcntum,  Oxon.,  1838-44,  8  vols.  8vo.  Ancient  Greece, 
3  vols.  Svo.  Italy,  2  vols.  Svo.  Asia  Elinor,  2  vols.  Svo. 
Study  of  Modern' History,  1843,  Svo.  Cramer  and  Wick- 
ham's  Dissert,  on  the  Pass,  of  Hannibal  over  the  Alps, 
1828,  Svo. 

"A  scholar-like  work  of  first-rate  a^n\iiy."—Edin.  Review. 

Crammond,  H.,  M.D.  Outlines  of  Human  Life,  1787, 
Svo. 

Crammond,  Robt.  and  H.,  M.D.  A  Letter  to  the 
National  As^emljly  of  France,  1790,  4to. 

Cramp,  J.  M.  Text  Book  of  Popery,  Dubl.,  1831, 
12mo ;  enlarged,  Lon.,  1839.  Svo  ;  3d  ed.,  1851.  | 

"A  complete  exposure  of  the  imposture  of  the  Papal  religion  by 
authorities  the  most  unexceptirnalilt-.  the  most  decisive,  the  most 
condemning." — Mendham:  M'-miTt-ils  of  the  GjujicU  of  Ti-ent. 

Lectures  for  these  Times,  1844,  12mo. 

Crampton,  Philip,  M.D.  Profess,  treatises,  Lon., 
1805,  '13. 

Cranch,  Rev.  C.  P.,  b.  1813.  in  Alexandria,  District 
of  Columbia,  is  a  son  of  Junon  William  Cranch.  (q.v.) 
He  pub.  a  vol.  of  poems  in  1844.  (Phila.,  12mo.)  See  spe- 
cimens in  Griswold's  Poets  and  Poetry  of  America,  The 
Last  of  the  Huggermuggers,  Bost.,  1856,  12mo.  Kob- 
boltozo ;  a  Sequel  to  the  above,  1857,  12mo. 

Cranch,  John.  Wills,  by  W,  Langworth,  1794,  Svo. 
Fine  Arts.  181 1,  4to. 

Cranch,  Judge  Richard,  1726-1811,  a  native  of 
England,  resided  for  61  years  nt  Braintree,  near  Quincy, 
Massachusetts.  He  pub.  his  Views  of  the  Prophecies  con- 
cerning Antichrist.     See  Allen's  Amer.  Biog.  Diet. 

Cranch,  Judge  William,  176S-1S54,  son  of  the 
above.  Reports  of  Cases  in  Sup.  Court  U.S.,  Aug.  ISOl, 
to  Feb.  1815,  9  vols,  in  8,  Washington,  1S04-17;  N.  York, 
1812,  Svo. 

"  Tlie  period  taken  in  by  Judge  Cranch  is  perhaps  the  most 
momentous  and  lustrous  in  uur  judicial  historv." — Soff.  Leg.  Stu., 
421,  7-1'.,  et  41.3,  660.  569;  Story's  Prom,  yotes'. 

Cranch.  W.,  and  Richard  Cox.  Condensed  Reports  Su- 
preme Court  U.  States,  Washington,  1835,  Svo.  Reports 
of  Cases  in  U.  States  Circuit  Court  of  the  District  of  Co- 
lumbia. 1801-41.  6  vols.  Svo. 

*'The  extensive  jurisdiction,  civil  and  criminal,  original  and 
appellate,  of  the  tribunal  whose  decisions  are  here  i-eported, — the 
lon^  period  covered  by  the  volumes. — the  interest  and  variety 
of  the  subjects  adjudicated  by  the  court,  and  the  great  research 
which  characterizes  its  most  important  decisions, — concur  to 
render  this  publication  in  the  highest  degree  desirable  to  the 
community." 

Craudolph,  A.  J.  Mysterious  Hand,  1811,  3  vols. 
12mo. 

Crandon,  John.  Baxter's  Aphorisms,  Lon.,  1654, 4to. 
Crane,  John,  M.D.     Nottiugton   M.  Water,  Lon., 

1790.  Svo. 

Crane,  Ralph.  The  Workes  of  Mercy,  both  corporal 
and  spirituall :  A  Poem,  Lon.,  1621,  Svo.  Sykes's  sale, 
£9  lOs. 

Crane,  Thomas,  of  Lancashire.  A  Prospect  of  Di- 
vine Providence,  Lou.,  1672,  sm.  Svo.  Has  only  the  ini- 
tials, T.  C. 

'■A  valuable  work." — Bickerstetr. 

Serm.  at  Funeral  of  Rich'd  Sherlock,  D.D.,  1690,  4to, 

Crane,  Thomas.  Theolog.  treatises,  &c.,  1772,  '74, 
'86.  Poet.  AVorks  of  Wm.  Smith,  D.D.  Life  and  Writings, 
1788,  Svo. 

Crane,  Wm.,  Jun.,  M.D.  Con.  to  Phil.  Mag.,  ISM, 
*15:  Chemical  Affinity ;  the  Nature  of  Light. 

Craner,  Henry.     Sermons,  1749,  '63. 

Craner,  Thomas.     Sermon,  Lon.,  1766,  Svo. 

Cranfield,  Thomas.  An  Harmony  of  the  Gospels, 
Dubl.,  1795.  fol. 

"  It  contains  much  accurate  research,  and  much  useful  informa- 
tion."— Dns.  (JRAVES  Asn  Barrett. 

"  The  testimony  of  two  scholais  of  such  eminence  is  entitled  to 
the  greatest  deference  and  respect." — Orme  ;  Bibl.  Bib. 


CRA 

Cranford,  James.  The  Teaves  of  Ireland,  Lon., 
16+2,  12mo.  Bindley  sale,  £13  13». ;  Nassau  ditto,  £17. 
Sermon  on  Heresies.  1646,  4to. 

Crank,  W.  H.  Theory  and  Practice  of  Arithmetic, 
Lon..  1843,  12mo. 

"  Many  rules  not  generally  known  are  introduced  in  this  work. 

Cranley,  Thomas.  Amanda,  1635,  4to.  Reed,  Ti. 
728;  Bindley,  i.  2195,  £5  17«.  dd. ;  Steevens,  1051. 

Cranmcr,  George.  New  Church  Discipline,  1641, 4 to. 
Cranmer,  Thomas,  D.D.,  14S9-1556,  a  native  of 
Aslacton,  Nottinghamshire,  was  entered  of  Jesus  College, 
Cambridge,  in  1503,  became  a  Fellow,  1510,  '11;  D.D., 
1523.  The  cipncurrence  of  his  opinions  with  the  desires 
of  Henry  VIII.  in  the  matter  of  his  divorce  from  his  bro- 
ther's widow  gained  him  the  favour  of  the  sovereign,  and 
raised  him  to  the  Archbishopric  of  Canterbury,  March  30, 
1533.  Upon  the  death  of  Henry  he  was  one  of  the  Council 
of  Regency  to  Edward  VI.,  and  laljonred  zealously  to  pro- 
mote the  principles  of  the  Reformation.  Upon  the  acces- 
sion of  Mary,  he  was  imprisoned  as  an  abettor  of  the 
treason  of  Lady  Jane  (5rey,  and  also  declared  guilty  of 
heresy  by  Pope  Pius  IV.  The  melancholy  story  of  the 
recantation  wrung  from  the  bodily  intirmities  and  mental 
distraction  of  an  old  man,  goaded  by  merciless  demons  in 
human  shape  to  a  state  of  desperation,  is  too  well  known 
and  too  painful  a  theme  to  be  lingered  over  here.  Indeed, 
the  Life  of  Cranmer  belongs  to  ecclesiastical  and  political, 
rather  than  to  literary,  history.  He  passed  to  heaven 
through  the  tires  of  martyrdom  on  the  21st  of  March,  1556, 
in  his  67th  year.  His  writings — for  an  account  of  which 
refer  to  the  works  cited  below — greatly  tended  to  the  pro- 
motion of  the  English  Reformation.  Cranmer's  Bible,  or 
the  Great  Bible,  as  it  is  called,  was  printed  by  Rychard 
Grafton  and  Edw.ird  Whitchurch,  1539,  fol.  The  trans- 
lation is  Tyndale's  and  Rogers's,  carefully  revised  through- 
out. Many  edits,  were  printed  between  1540-69.  A 
beautiful  copy  on  vellum — probably  unique — formerly  the 
property  of  Henry  VIII.,  can  be  seen  in  the  British  Mu- 
seum. For  an  account  of  Cranmer's  Bible,  see  Lewis, 
Cotton,  Home,  Lowndes,  &c.  The  Instruction  of  a  Chris- 
tian Man  was  pub.  iu  1537,  fol.,  and  Catechismus,  a  trans, 
from  Justus  Jonas,  in  1548,  Svo.  Cranmer  wrote  some  of 
the  Homilies,  and  various  controversial  and  explanatory 
treatises.  See  the  following  works  :  Memorials  of  the  Life 
and  Works  of  Archbishop  Cranmer,  collected  by  the  Rev. 
John  Strype,  Lon.,  1694,  fol.  New  ed.,  Oxford,  Clarendon 
Press,  1812,  2  vols.  r.  Svo;  50  copies,  large  paper, imp.  Svo; 
Sykes's  sale,  £7  10s./  again  Oxf.,  1840,  2  vols.  Svo.  Re- 
mains ;  collected  and  arranged  by  the  Rev.  H.  Jenkins, 
Oxf.,  1833,  4  vols.  Svo.  Writings  and  disputations  relative 
to  the  Sacrament  of  the  Lord's  Supper.  Edited  for  the 
Parker  Society  by  the  Rev.  John  Edmund  Cox,  Camb., 
1844,  imp.  Svo.  Works;  Miscellaneous  Writings  and  Let- 
ters, edited  as  above,  for  the  P.  S.,  vol.  ii.,  1846.  Writings, 
see  British  Reformers,  ix.  Reprint  of  Catechismus,  Oxf., 
1839,  Svo  ;  Extr.acts  from  E.  J.  Barrow.  Tracts  of  An- 
glican Fathers,  i.  7.  Life  of  Cranmer  by  William  Gilpin, 
1784,  Svo.  Life  of,  by  Charles  Webb  Le  Bas,  1833,  2  vols. 
sm.  Svo.  Also  see  Burnet,  Fox,  and  Biog.  Brit.  Nor  must 
we  forget  Archdeacon  Todd's  Vindication  of  Cranmer 
against  Lingard,  Milner,  and  Butler,  1825,  '26  ;  Reply  to 
Dr.  Lingard's  Vindication  of  his  Hist,  of  England,  1827  ; 
and  Life  of  Archbishop  Cranmer.  1831,  2  vols.  Svo.  This 
biogr.aphy  is  thus  highly  commended  by  an  eminent  au- 
thority : 

'•The  most  impartial  and  complete  historical  narration  of  the 
life  of  this  celebrated  Churchman.  By  a  judicious  arrangement, 
and  a  pleasing  and  unprejudiced  style,  Mr.  Todd  has  rendered  bis 
work  highly  interesting." — Lon.  LiLtranj  Gazette. 

The  amiability  and  ingenuousness  of  Cranmer's  cha- 
racter were  so  well  known,  that  Shakspeare  mentions  it  as 
a  common  saying  concerning  him  : 

'■  Do  my  Lord  of  Canterbury 
But  one  shrewd  txu-n,  and  he's  your  friend  forever." 
Cranston,  David,  a  native  of  Scotland.     Quaestiones 
in  lib.  Magist.  Martini  de  Fortitudine,  Paris.  1611,  fol. 
Additiones  in  Mor.alia  Jacobi.  Almoin.  Gourment,  1518,  fol. 
Cranwell,  Rev.  J.      The  Christiad,  a  Poem  from 
Vida,  1767. 

Cranwell,  L.    Bishop  .and  Presbyter  equal,  1661, 4to. 

Crashavv.     Delays  in  Religion,  Lon.,  1653,  4to. 

Crashaw,  H.     the  Bespotted  Jesuit,  Lon..  164S,  Svo. 

Crashaw,  Richard,  d.  1650  ?  son  of  the  Rev.  Richard 

Crashaw,  was  a  native  of  London,  and  educated  at  the 

Charterhou.se,  and  Pembroke  Hall.  Cambridge.     In  1637 

he  was  Fellow  of  Peterhouse.     Entering  the  Church,  he 

became  distinguished  as  an  eloquent  prcathcr,  but  was 


CRA 

ejected  in  l(i44  for  refusing  to  take  the  Covenant.  Ho 
now  removed  to  France,  and  beoamo  a  convert  to  the  Ro- 
man Catholic  religion.  In  1646  Cuwley  found  him  in 
Paris  in  great  pecuniary  distress,  and  secured  him  the  in- 
fluence of  Henrietta  Maria,  whose  commendatory  letters 
procured  him  the  posts  of  secretary  to  one  of  the  cardinals, 
and  canon  of  the  church  of  Lorctto.  Soon  after  this  last 
promotion  he  died  of  a  fever,  about  1650.  In  1634  be  pub. 
a  vol.  of  Latin  poems,  in  one  of  which  occurs  the  well- 
known  line — sometimes  ascribed  to  Dryden — referring  to 
the  miracle  of  the  convergion  of  water  into  wine: 
"Nynipha  pudka  Deum  vidit  et  erubuit." 
Thw  modest  water  saw  Us  God,  mid  Mu^bfcl. 

His  English  Poems,  Steps  to  the  Temple.  The  Delights  of 
the  Muses,  and  Carmen  Deo  Nostro.  werepub.  in  1646,12m"", 
and  164S,  12mo.  Carmen  Deo  Nostro,  te  decet  Hymnus  : 
Sacred  Poems,  collected,  Paris,  1652,  Svo.  Poetry,  with 
some  Account  of  the  Author  and  Introductory  Address,  by 
Peregrine  Phillips,  1758,  12mo.  Poetical  Works  ;  now  tirst 
completely  edited  by  W.  B.  Turnbull.  1S5S,  fp.  8vo.  His 
poetry  consists  principally  of  religious  invocations  and 
translations  of  uncommon  merit  from  the  Latin  and  Italian. 
His  luxuriance  of  imagination  and  exquisite  facility  in 
the  expression  of  his  poetical  visions  have  seldom  been 
surpassed.  Among  his  best-known  pieces  are  Hymn  to 
the  Name  of  Jesus  ;  Lines  on  a  Prayer-Book ;  Music's 
Duel;  the  translation  from  Moschus,  Catullus,  and  of  a 
portion  of  Marino's  Sospetto  d'Herode.  The  latter  will 
remind  the  reader  as  forcibly  of  Paradise  Lost  as  the 
same  author's  Elegies  on  St.  Alexis  will  recall  the  fervid 
strains  in  which  Eloisa  invokes  Abelanl.  Mr.  Hayley  con- 
siders that  Pope  conferred  quite  as  much  as  he  borrowed  : 
"  If  Pope  borrowed  any  thing  from  Crashaw  in  this  article,  it 
was  only  as  the  sun  borrows  from  the  earth,  when  drawing  from 
thence  a  mere  vapour,  he  makes  it  the  delight  of  every  eye,  by  giv- 
ing it  all  the  tendt^r  and  gorgeous  colouring  of  heaven." 

Pope  thus  announces  his  favourite  pieces  in  Crashaw's 
collection  : 

'■  I  will  just  observe  that  the  best  pieces  of  this  author  are  a 
Paraphrase  on  Psalm  xiii. — On  Lessius. — Epitaph  on  Mr.  Ashton, — 
Wishes  to  his  supposed  Mistress,  and  the  Dies  Ir<s.'' — LttUr  to  H. 
Crumivdl,  Dec.  17.  1710. 

Crashaw's  editor  dissents  from  this  opinion  : 
"The  reader  must  determine  whether  Mr.  Pope  has  mentioned 
thti  best  pieces:  on  the  contrary,  whether  many  much  superior 
are  not  to  be  met  with  in  the  little  work  before  us;  and  if  so.  what 
fair  reason  could  there  be  for  such  a  partial  selection."— P/(i7/i>5'5 
Crashaw,  p.  22. 

Selden  and  Cowley  were  intimate  friends  of  our  poet, 
and  the  monody  in  which  the  latter  laments  his  death  has 
been  highly  commended : 

'■  Cowk-y  seems  to  have  had  what  Milton  is  believed  to  have 
wanted,  the  skill  to  rate  his  own  performances  by  their  just  value ; 
and  has  therefore  closed  his  Miscellanies  with  the  Verses  upon 
Crashaw. which  apparently  excel  all  that  have  gone  before  them; 
and  iu  which  there  are  beauties  which  common  authors  may  justly 
think  not  only  above  their  attainment,  but  above  their  ambition." 
—Br.  Jnhiison^s  Life  of  Cmvley. 

"  Crashaw  has  originality  in  many  parts,  and  as  a  translator,  is 
entitled  to  the  highest  applause."— i/etWZfy '5  Select  Beauties  of  An- 
cient Eng.  I\ietry. 

'■  His  translations  have  considerable  merit,  but  his  original  po- 
etry is  full  of  conceit."— E?Zis's  Specimens  of  the  Early  Eng.  Foets. 
"  Poet  and  Paint !  to  thee  alone  are  given. 
The  two  most  sacred  names  of  earth  and  heaven. 
******** 
How  well  (blest  Swan)  did  fate  contrive  thy  death, 
And  made  thee  render  up  thy  tuneful  breath 
In  thy  great  mistress'  arms?     Thou  most  divine 
And  richest  offering  of  Loretto's  shrine.'" — Cowlet. 
Crashaw,  William,  father  of  the  preceding,  was 
preacher  at  the  Temple,  and  was  as  much  opposed  to  Ro- 
manism as  his  son  was  in  favour  of  it.     Roman  Forgeries, 
and  Falsifications  of  Authors.  Lon.,  1606,  4to.    Newes  from 
Italy  of  a  second  Moses,  &c.,  1608,  4to  ;  being  the  life  of 
the  Marquesse  of  Vico,  from  the  Latin  of  Beza,  by  W.  C, 
1608,  Svo.     In  this  is  contained  '*  the  story  of  his  admira- 
ble conversion  from  popery."     Fiscus  Papalis.  1617,  4to. 
See  Bliss's  Wood's  Athen.  Oxon.,  ii.  468.  '6il.     The  Jesuites 
Gospel,  written  by  themselves,  laid  open  and  reproved,  1641, 
4to.     Other  tbeoloi^ical  works:  pec  Bibl.  Bib. 

Cranford,  Capt.  C.  Events  of  the  War,  1766-63, 
and  a  Treatise  on  some  branches  of  the  Military  Art,  trans. 
Lon.,  1787,  3  vols.  8vo. 

Crawford,  Crawfurd,  or  Crawford,  David,  1665- 
1726,  alawycr  and  hi.^torio;:rapher  of  Scotland,  Memoirs 
of  the  Affairs  of  Scotland.  1566-81,  Edin.,  1706,  Svo  :  1767, 
12mo.  His  veracity  has  been  questioned:  see  M.  Laing's 
Pref.  to  his  ed.  of  the  Historio  and  Life  of  James  the  Sixth, 
Edin..  1804.  Svi.. 

Crauford,Geor!;e.  Treats. on Polit.Econ.. 1785-1800. 

U7 


CRA 


CRA 


Craufurd,  Lt.  Col.     Spanish  Lite,  1837,  2  vols.  Svo. 

Craufurd,  A.  Essay  on  the  Development  of  Func- 
tions, Lon.,  1S44,  8vo.  Verses  on  various  occasions,  IS-iG, 
12mo. 

Craufurd,  Charles  H,     Scrms.,  Lon.,  1840,  8vo. 

Craufurd,  Sir  G.  W.  Examinations  on  Butler's  Ana- 
logy, 3d  ed.,  Lon.,  1847,  12mo. 

Craufurd,  George.     See  Crauford. 

Craufurd,  John  Lindesay,  Earl  of.  Memoirs 
from  his  own  Papers,  At;.,  Lou.,  1709,  12mo.  R.  Rolt  also 
pub.  his  Memoirs.  1753,  4to. 

Craufurd,  Quiutiu.  Sketches,  Ac,  relating  to  the 
Hindoos,  1792,  2  vols.  8vo.  A.  and  M.  India,  1817,  2  vols. 
Svo.     Other  works. 

Craufurd,  Thomas.  Prof,  of  Philos.  and  Math,  in 
the  College  of  Edinburgh,  in  1646.  Loeorum  Nominum, 
&c.  Scotorum  historiis,  Ac,  emend.  C.  Irvinis,  Edin.,  1665, 
12nio.  Notes,  &c.,  on  Buchanan's  Hist,  of  Scot.,  170S, 
12mo.    Hist,  of  Univ.  of  Edinburgh,  1580-1646,  1808,  8vo. 

"  An  extraordinary  critick  in  the  history  and  antiquities  of  Scot- 
land."— Bishop  Nicolson:  Scot.  Hist.  Lib. 

Craven.     See  Carleton,  Capt. 

Craven,  Lady  Elizabeth.  Sco  Anspach,  Mar- 
gravine OF. 

Craven,  Isaac.     Sermon,  Lon.,  1658,  4to. 

Craven,  Hon.  R.  Keppel.  Tour  through  the  South- 
ern Provinces  of  Naples,  Lon.,  1821,  4to. 

*'  His  work,  without  pretending  to  deep  science  or  extensive 
scholarship,  is  both  entertaining  and  instructive.'" — filin.  Jierneto. 

Excursions  in  the  Abruzzi  and  Northern  Provinces  of 
Naples,  1838,  2  vols.  8vo. 

"To  all  those  who  have  ever 'swam  in  a  gondola,'  &c.  these 
volumes  will  be  received  as  welcome." — Lon.  AVtencettm. 

Craven,  William,  1731-1815,  Prof,  of  Arabic,  Cam- 
bridge, educated  at  St.  John's  College.  Sermons  on  the 
Evidence  of  a  Future  State  of  Rewards  and  Punishments, 
Ac,  Camb.,  1776,  Svo. 

"  The  subject  is  treated  with  great  perspicuity,  and  Mr.  Hume's 
objections  solidly  refuted." — Bishop  Watson. 

Sermon,  &c.,  Lon.,  1798,  Svo.  Discourses,  Ac,  in  An- 
swer to  Mr.  Hume,  Camb.,  1802,  Svo. 

"  We  recommend  it,  as  furnishiutj  a  series  of  important  facts  and 
observation.'^,  to  all  int^enious  inquirers  into  the  very  interesting 
subject  of  ^vliii-h  it  treats." — Edin.  Review. 

Crawford.  The  Olive  Branch,  a  Poem,  Lon.,  1814,  Svo. 

Crawford,  Mrs.  The  Lady  of  the  Bedchamber,  Lon., 
2  vols.  p.  Svo.     The  Double  Marriage. 

"A  first-rate  novel,  both  as  regards  purity  of  style,  the  interest 
of  the  tale,  and  life-like  development  of  character." — Lon.  Ev.  Post. 

Crawford,  Capt.  Reminiscences  of  distinguished 
Commanders,  Lon.,  1850,  2  vols.  p.  Svo. 

"■A  work  which  cannot  fail  of  being  popular  in  every  portion  of 
our  seagirt  isle,  and  of  being  read  with  delight  by  all  who  feel  inte- 
rested in  the  right  hand  of  our  country — its  navy." — Plymouth 
Herald 

CraAvford,  Col.  Ireland's  Ingratitude  to  the  Parlia- 
ment of  England.  Lon.,  1643,  4to. 

Crawford,  A.     Account  of  Mr.  Stern,  1760,  Svo. 

Crawford,  Adair,  d.  1795,  Prof,  of  Chemistry,  Wool- 
wich. Animal  Heat,  1779,  Svo.  Reviewed  by  "Wm.  Mor- 
gan, 1781,  Svo.  Tonics;  edited  by  Alex.  Crawford,  1817. 
Phil.  Trans.,  1790. 

Crawford,  Charles.  Dissert,  on  the  Phtvdo  of 
Plato,  Lou.,  1774,  Svo.  Several  polit.  and  theolog.  pub- 
lications, 1776-lSll. 

Crawford,  G,  Drainage  Act,  Dubl.,  1843,  12mo. 
Crawford,  Gr.,  and  Edw.  S.  Dix.  Cases  in  Courts  of  Law 
and  Equity  in  Ireland,  1837,  '38,  Arc.  Dubl.,  1839,  Svo. 
Cases  on  the  Circuits  in  Ireland,  1839^2,  2  vols,  and  3 
parts  of  vol.  3d,  Dubl..  1844.  Svo. 

Crawford,  Georgre.     Discourses,  Edin.,  1832. 12mo. 

Crawford,  George  M.  The  Case  of  Saunders  v. 
Smith,  as  to  Copyright  in  Law  Reports,  Lon.,  1839,  Svo. 

Craw^ford,  James,  Writer  to  the  Signet,  d.  1783. 
The  Decisions  of  the  Court  of  Session,  &c. 

Crawford,  James,  M.D.  Practical  Remarks  on  the 
Sympathy  of  the  Parts  of  the  Body. 

Crawford,  John.     Statue  to  K.  William,  &c. 

Crawford,  John.  1.  Theory  of  Physic.  2.  Causes, 
ic,  1724.  •32, 

Crawford,  John  Lindesay,  Earl  of.  See  Crau- 
furd. 

Crawford,  John,  M.D.  1.  Liver.  2.  Muscles,1772,'S6. 

Crawford,  John.  Philosophy  of  Wealth,  3d  edit., 
Lon.,  1817,  Svo. 

Crawford, Patrick.  Returne  from  Poporie,  1627, 4to. 

Craw'ford,  Robert,  d.  1733,  gained  some  celebrity 
as  the  author  of  The  Bush  aboon  Traquair,  and  the  ad- 
mired lyric  of  Tweedside.     He  assisted  Allan  Ramsay  in 
hia  '*  Tea  Table  Miscellanies." 
448 


'■  Tho  true  muse  of  native  pastoral  seeks  not  to  adorn  herself  with 
unnatural  ornaments;  her  spirit  is  in  homely  love  and  fireside 
jny,  tender  and  simple,  like  the  religion  of  the  land,  she  utters 
nothing  out  of  keeping  with  the  character  of  her  people,  and  the 
aspect  of  the  soil ;  and  of  this  spirit,  and  of  this  feeling,  Crawford 
is  a  large  partaker." — Allan  Cunsingham  :  see  Chambers's  Cyc.  of 
Eng.  Lit. 

Crawford,  William,  1676-1742,  a  Scottish  divine, 
a  native  of  Kelso.  Dying  Thoughts.  Scrmon.s,  Lon., 
1825.  12mo. 

"  Dying  Thoughts  will  prove  a  real  friend  to  the  devout  reader."' 

Crawford,  William.  1.  Remarks  on  Lord  Chester- 
field's Letters  to  his  Son.    2.  Sermon,  1776,  '86. 

Crawford,  William,  D.D.,  of  Straiton,  Scotland. 
Hist,  of  Ireland  in  a  Series  of  Letters,  Strabane,  1783, 
2  vols.  Svo.  See  an  unfavourable  notice  in  the  London 
Monthly  Review,  Ixx.  39,  which  concludes  thus: 

*■  We  are  sorry  there  is  no  Judex.  An  omission  of  this  kind  is 
particularly  inexcusable  in  a  History." 

Or  inexcusable  In  any  work  which  aspires  to  take  a 
permanent  place  in  literature.  *' What,  even  in  works  of 
imagination  or  fancy?"  Yes,  even  in  sueh.  Dr.  Johnson 
advocated  an  Index  for  Clarissa,  and  who  would  not  de- 
light to  see  one  to  the  Waverley  Novels?  Let  not  this 
hint  be  thrown  away.  Mrs.  Clarke  has  given  us  an  index 
to  Shakspeare — let  us  next  have  one  to  Scott.  Who  will 
undertake  it?  Profit  and  honour  await  liim.  We  have 
already  expressed  our.sclves  at  large  upon  the  Index  head : 
See  AYscotJGH,  Samukl.  Dr.  Crawford  also  pub.  a  vol. 
of  Sermons,  Edin.,  1815,  Svo. 

Crawford,  William  H,,  and  Horatio  Marbury, 
A  Digest  of  the  Laws  of  Georgia,  Savannah,  1802,  4to. 
Prepared  under  the  special  authority  of  the  State. 

Crawfnrd,  Charles.     See  Crawford. 

Crawfnrd,  David.     See  CnAUFURD. 

Crawfnrd,  Thomas,     See  Cuaufurd. 

Crawfnrd,  George.  1.  Hist,  of  the  Family  of  the 
Stewarts,  U);i4-1710.  Edin.,  1710,  fol.  New  edit,  to  the 
present  time  by  W.  Semple,  Paisley,  1782,  4to.  Enlarged 
and  continued  to  present  time  by  George  Robertson,  Pais- 
ley, 1818,  4to.  A  valuable  work.  2.  The  Peerage  of 
Scotland,  Edin.,  1716,  fol. 

"As  the  first  publication  on  the  Peerage  of  Scotland,  this  work 
is  deserving  of  great  praise." 

Lives  and  Characters  of  the  Crown  and  State  Officers  of 
Scotland.  Edin.,  1726,  fol.,  vol.  i.  only  pub. 

Crawfnrd,  John,  late  British  Resident  at  the  Court 
of  the  Sultan  of  Java.  1.  Hist,  of  the  Indian  Archipelago, 
Edin.,  1820,  3  vols.  Svo. 

"  This  is  a  valuable  work,  particularly  in  what  relates  to  the 
actual  commerce  and  commercial  capabilities  of  these  islands ;  it 
also  treats  of  the  manners,  relifjion.  language.  &c.  of  the  inhabit- 
ants; but  on  some  of  these  points  not  with  the  soundest  judg- 
ment, or  the  most  accurate  information." — Stevenson  :  Toy.  aiid 
Trav. 

Dr.  Murray  tells  us  that  he  was  induced  to  omit  a  de- 
scription of  the  Islands  of  the  Indian  Archipelago,  in  con- 
sequence of  so  "full  and  interesting  a  view  having  been 
given  by  Mr.  Crawfurd."  See  Hist.  Acct.  of  Discoveriea 
and  Trav.  in  Asia. 

2.  Siam  and  Cochin  China,  1828,  4to;  2d  ed.,  1830, 
2  vols.  Svo. 

"A  very  valuable  contribution  to  the  geography  and  statistics 
of  the  Oriental  world,  and  one  of  the  most  interesting  nari-atives 
we  have  for  some  time  past  been  called  upon  to  notice." — Ltm. 
3Ioi}(fd)/  i?ei'/('i(', 

3.  Court  of  Ava  in  1827,  1829,  4to;  2d  ed.,  1S34,  2  vols. 
Svo. 

"  This,  like  Mr.  Crawfurd's  other  p^lbli^■.^ti^•np.  contains  a  large 
store  lit  iiifnriiKitinn,  and  many  sound  ami  jmiii  jnus  remarks  on 
the  institutiuiis  ;iiid  manners  of  the  Etist."—})'-  s/mi/tsfer  Bei-iew. 

"This  and  ihv  prect^dinp  work  give  not  only  (he  latest,  but  the 
best  and  nmst  ;iiith.'ii1i''.  amiunts  of  the  countries  referred  to; 
and  have  adtb'd  imtst  in.iteriaHy  to  onr  knowledge  of  a  very  large 
portion  of  Eastern  Asia." — MuOuLLOcn;  Lit.  nf  Polit.  Economy. 

Mr.  Crawfurd  is  also  one  of  the  contributors — the  others 
are  Hugh  Murray,  Peter  Gordon,  Capt-  Thomas  Lynn,  and 
Professors  Wallace  and  Burnett — to  the  excellent  account 
of  China,  illustrated  by  Jackson,  pub.  in  '6  vols.  sm.  Svo, 
forming  part  of  Oliver  and  Boyd's  Edin.  Cab.  Library. 

"  The  best  digest  which  has  yet  appeared,  adapted  to  the  object 
in  view,  that  of  giving  a  popular  account  of  the  empire  of  China." 
— Asiatic  JmirnaJ. 

4.  Inquiry  into  tho  System  of  Taxation  in  India,  Svo. 
5.  Letters  on  the  Interior  of  India,  Svo.  6.  Taxes  on  Know- 
ledge, 1836,  Svo.  The  taxes  objected  to — the  stamp-duty 
on  newspapers,  and  the  duty  on  paper — were  subsequently 
reduced,  tho  former  about  (^&,  and  the  latter  about  50,  per 
cent. ;  and  the  duty  on  newspapers  has  also  been  repealed. 
7.  Grammar  and  Dictionary  of  the  Malay  Language,  1852, 
2  vols.  Svo. 

"  These  volumes  are  inestimable  to  the  philologist  as  well  as  the 
Eastern  traveller  and  trader."— Xon.  Examiner. 


CRA 


CRE 


Crawskey^  John.  The  Countryman's  Instructor, 
Lon.,  ItJ.'Jtl,  4to.     The  Goud  Husband's  Jewel,  York,  1661. 

Crayon,  GeollVey.     See  Irving,  Washington. 

Creamer,  Hannah  G.,  b.  at  Salem,  Mass.  Gift  for 
Young  Students.     Eleanor.     Delia's  Doctors,  &c. 

Crease,  J.     Prophecies  Fulfillinc;;,  17S;i,  Svo. 

Crease,  Jas.  1.  Varnishing.  2.  Wood  Work,  1300/03. 

Creaser,  Thomas.     Vaccine  Inoculation,  1800,  '(>?>. 

Creasy,  Edward  Shepherd,  M.A..  b.  1S12,  at  Bex- 
ley,  in  Kent,  Eng.,  Prof,  of  Hist,  at  Univ.  Coll.,  Lon.  1. 
Parcga:  Poems.  1843,  r.  8vu.  2.  Eton  College,  Lon.,  1848, 
p.  Svo:  see  Lon.  Lit.  Gaz.,  1848,  .305.  3.  Text-Book  of  the 
Constitation,  1848,  Svo  :  see  No.  10.  4.  Sub  Rege  Sacerdos  : 
Comments  on  Bp.  Hampden's  Case,  1848,  8vo.  5.  Eminent 
Etonians,  1850,  r.  Svo.  6.  Battle  of  Waterloo,  1S52,  12mo. 
7.  Fifteen  Decisive  Battles  of  the  World :  Marathon  to 
Waterloo,  1852,  Svo  ;  9th  ed.,  1S5S.  8.  Invasions  and  Pro- 
jected Invasions  of  England  from  the  Saxon  Times,  1852, 
Svo.  9.  History  of  the  Ottoman  Turks.  1856.  2  vols.  Svo, 
10.  Rise  and  Progress  of  the  English  Constitution,  1856, 
Svo.     This  is  the  3d  ed.  of  No.  3. 

"Ao  admirable  summary  of  knowledge,  which  every  well-edu- 
cated Englishman  ought  to  possess."- — Lon.  Lit.  Gaz. 

Creech,  Rev,  Thomas,  1659-1701,  Fellow  of  All 
Souls*  College.  Trans,  of  Lucretius,  Oxf.,  1682,  Svo;  best 
ed.,  Glasgow,  1759,  12mo. 

"  Creech's  Lucretius,  the  notes  included,  is  a  great  performance." 
— Hartley  Colerihge. 

Trans,  of  Horace,  1684.  Creech  also  pub.  translations 
from  Theocritus,  Ovid,  Plutarch,  Juvenal,  and  others. 
Creech  committed  suicide,  which  rash  act  JacoVj  ascribes 
to  his  splenetic  temper. 

But  Mr.  Malone  has  proved  that  Creech  had  previously 
exhibited  marks  of  insanity.     See  Biog.  Brit. 

*'  Creech  is  a  much  better  translator  than  ho  is  usually  supposed 
and  allowed  to  he.  lie  is  a  nervous  and  vigorous  writer:  and 
many  parts  not  only  of  his  Lucretius,  but  of  his  Theocritus  and 
Horace,  (though  now  decried,)  have  not  been  excelled  by  other 
translators.  One  of  his  pieces  may  be  pronounced  excellfut:  his 
translation  of  the  thirteenth  satire  of  .7uvena] ;  equal  to  any  that 
Pryden  has  given  us  of  that  author." — Db.  Warton, — an  un- 
doubted judge. 

A  Step  to  Oxford — an  Essay  on  Creech's  Suicide — was 
pub.,  Lon..  1700,  4to. 

Creech,  William,  1745-1815,  an  eminent  bookseller 
of  Edinburgh.  Trial  of  Brodie  and  Smith,  Edin.,  1789, 
4to.  Edinburgh  Fugitive  Pieces,  Edin.,  1791,  Svo;  new 
ed.,  1815,  Svo. 

Creea,  Cary  E.     Of  Pembroke's  Statues,  1731,  4to. 

Creed,  \Vm.  1.  Refutcr.  2.  Sermon.  3.  Sermon, 
Lon..  1600. 

Creflield,  Edward.     Thcolog.  treatises,  1711-77. 

Creichton,  Capt.  John.  Memoirs  of,  from  his  own 
materials  ;  drawn  up  nnd  digested  by  Dean  J.  Swift,  1731. 
By  the  Dean's  intere^t  in  this  work,  £200  was  secured  to 
the  aged  soldier.  See  an  interesting  account  of  the  work 
in  the  Lou.  Retrosp.  Review,  v.  238. 

Creigh,  Alfred,  b.  ISIO.  in  Penna.  Masonry  and 
Anti-Masunry,  Svo.  Analytical  Text  Book  for  the  Ma- 
sonic Student,  12rao. 

Creighton,  H.     Ruins  of  Gour,  1817,  r.  4to. 

Creisfhton,  J.  C.  Acts  relating  to  Insolvent  Debtors, 
DubL.  1841,  Svo. 

Creighton,  James.  Origin  of  true  Religion,  Lon., 
1803,  Svo.  Fenelon's  Dialogues  on  Eloquence,  trans,  by 
Simpson  ;  new  ed.,  1808,  Svo. 

Creighton,  or  Crighton,  Robert,  1593-1672,  edu- 

_cated  at  Trinity  College,  Cambridge,  Bishop  of  Bath  and 

Wells,  1670,  trans.  Sylvester  Syguropolus's  History  of  the 

Council  of  Florence  "from  Greek  into  Latin,  Hague,  1660. 

Wood  stntes  thnt  he  hnd  s(»me  sermons  in  print. 

Creighton,  Robert,  D.D..  1639-1736,  son  of  the 
above,  pub.  a  vol.  of  Sermons  in  1720.  lie  was  quite  fa- 
mous for  skill  in  Church  Music.  The  celebrated  anthem 
for  four  voices,  "  I  will  arise  and  go  to  my  Father,"  pub. 
by  Dr.  Boyce,  is  the  composition  of  Dr.  Creighton. 

Cresncr,  A.     Vindication  of,  Lon.,  1687,  4to. 

Cresseiier,  Drue,  D.D.  Judgments  of  God  on  the 
R.  Catholic  Church,  Lon.,  1689,  4to.  Demonstration  of 
the  First  Principles  of  the  Protestant  Applications  of  the 
Apocalypse,  1690,  4to. 

'*  A  work  full  of  instruction  and  copious  testimonies  from  the 
Romanists." — Bicker.steth. 

Cresset,  Edward,  d.  1754.  Bishop  of  Llandaff,  1748. 
Serm.,  Ps.  Ixvi.  7,  L(.n..  1749.  4to ;  2  Tim.  ii.  9.  1753,  4to. 
Cressey,  or  Cressy,  Hugh  Pauliu  de,  or  Sere- 

nns,  1605-1674,  a  native  of  Wakefield,  Yorkshire,  Fellow 
of  Merton  College,  Oxford,  1626,  took   holy  orders,  and 


became  chaplain  to  Thomas,  I-ord  Wtntworth,  and  subse- 
quently to  Lucius,  Lord  Falkland,  who  promoted  him  to 
the  deanery  of  Laughlin,  and  a  canonry  of  Windsor,  which 
the  troubles  of  the  times  prevented  his  enjoying.  He 
travelled  in  Italy,  and  in  1646,  whilst  at  Rome,  embraced 
the  Roman  Catholic  religion.  He  resided  for  seven  or 
more  years  in  the  College  of  Douay,  where  he  changed  his 
name  to  Serenus  de  Cressey.  After  the  Restoration  he 
came  to  England,  and  became  chaplain  to  Queen  Cathe- 
rine. Shortly  before  his  death  he  retired  to  Grinstead  in 
Sussex. 

Exaraologesis,  or  a  faithful  Narrative  of  the  Conversion 
unto  Catholique  Unity,  of  Hugh  Paulin,  lately  Deane  of 
Laglilin  in  Ireland,  and  Prebend  of  Windsoro  in  England, 
Paris,  1647,  sni.  Svo  ;  1653,  Svo.  The  last  ed.  contains  an 
answer  to  J.  P.,  author  of  the  preface  to  Lord  Falkland's 
work  on  Infidelity. 

*'  His  Kxamoloj^esis  was  the  golden  calf  which  the  Enslish 
Papists  fell  down  and  worshipped.  They  brag'd  that  book  to  be 
unanswerable,  and  to  have  given  a  total  overthrow  to  the  Chil- 
lingworthians,  and  book  and  tenets  of  Lucius,  Lord  Falkland." — 
Athen.  Oxmi. 

"  Among  the  Catholic  writers  in  the  reign  of  Charles  the  Second, 
none  was  more  distinguished  thau  Hugh  Paul  Cressy.  The  fruit 
of  his  studies  appeared  in  his  Examoloj;esis." — Charles  Butler. 

Sancta  Sophia,  Douay,  1657,  2  vols.  Svo:  see  Bakeri 
David.  R.  C.  Doctrines  no  Novelties,  1663,  Svo.  Church 
Hist,  of  Brittany,  or  England,  from  the  beginning  of 
Christianity  to  the  Norman  Conquest,  Roan,  1668,  fol. ; 
completed  only  to  about  1350.  Vol.  ii.  was  unfinished 
when  the  author  died.  This  is  compiled  principally  from 
the  Annales  Ecclesiso  Britannicin  of  jMichael  Alporp, 
q.  v.,  vols.  i.  and  ii.  of  Monast.  Anglic,  the  Decem  Scrip- 
tores  Hist.  Anglicana?,and  the  collections  of  David  Baker, 
q.  v.,  et  Athen.  Oxon. 

Cressey  has  been  blamed,  particularly  by  Lord  Clarendon, 
for  introducing  the  accounts  of  so  many  miracles  and 
monkish  stories  into  this  history;  but  Wood  excuses  him 
as  follows : 

"  Yet  let  this  be  said  of  him.  that  for  as  much  that  he  doth 
mostly  quote  his  authors  for,  and  k-aves  what  he  says  to  the  judg- 
ment of  the  readers,  he  is  to  be  exciised.  and  in  the  meantime  to 
be  commended  for  his  grave  and  good  stile,  proper  for  an  ecclesias- 
tical historian." — Athen.  Oxon. 

Sixteen  Revelations  of  Divine  Love.  Fanaticism  fana- 
tically imputed  to  the  Catholic  Church,  by  Dr.  Stillingfleet, 
and  the  imputation  refuted  and  retorted,  1672,  Svo.  Ques- 
tion, Why  are  you  a  Catholic  ?  with  the  Answer;  Why  are 
you  a  Protestiint?  an  Answer  attem])ted  in  vain,  Lon., 
1672,  Svo.  Answer  to  Dr.  Stlllingfleet's  Idolatry  practised 
in  the  Church  of  Rome,  1674,  8vo.  The  Earl  of  Claren- 
don came  to  the  rescue  in  a  Vindication  of  Dr.  Stilling- 
fleet.  This  elicited  Cressey 's  Epistle  Apologetical  to  a 
Person  of  Honour,  touching  his  Vindication  of  Dr.  Stil- 
lingfleet,  1674,  Svo.  Cressey  jnib.  an  Answer  to  Bagshaw, 
1662,  a  Letter  and  Remarks  upon  the  Oaths  of  Supremacy 
and  Allegiance.  Clarendon  had  been  his  acquaintance  at 
Oxford,  and  lamented  his  change  of  religion  : 

"  If  we  cannot  keep  him  a  minister  of  our  cluuch.  I  wish  he 
would  continue  a  layman  in  theirs,  which  wmiM  snmi.\\hat  lessen 
the  defection,  and,  it  may  be,  preserve  a  great. -r  pMrtiou  of  bis  in- 
nocence."— Letter  to  Earle:  see  State  Papers,  Oxf.,  177o,  vol.  ii.322, 
and  Bliss's  "Wood's  Athen.  Oxon.,  iii,  lOlG. 

Cresswell,  C.     See  Barnewall,  R.  V. 

Cresswell,  Daniel,  D.D.,  1776-1844,  Fellow  of 
Trinity  College,  Cambridge.  Linear  Perspective,  Camb., 
1811,  Svo.  Maxima  and  Minima,  1S16.  Svo,  1822.  Sphe- 
rics, 1816,  Svo.  Sup.  to  the  Elements  of  Euclid,  LS22,  Svo. 
Treatise  of  Geometry.  1S22,  Svo.  Sermons  on  Domestic 
Duties.  Lon.,  1829,  12mo. 

Cresswell,  R.  N.  Cases  of  Insolv.  Debtors,  Lon., 
1830,  Svo. 

Cresswell,  Thos.  E,  Narrative  of  his  Affair  with 
Miss  S ce,  1747,  Svo. 

CressAvick.  The  Female  Reader;  pieces  in  prose  and 
verse,  Lon.,  1781,  12mo. 

Cressy,  H.  P.  de.     See  Cressey. 

CressAVell,  Jos.  Elizabetha;  Angliae,  Reginae  Res- 
ponsio  ad  Edictum,  Romn,  1593,  4to. 

"^Vritten  to  ptove  the  lawfulness  of  rising  against  an  heretic 
prince." — Lowndeh. 

Cresy,  Edward,  Architecture  of  the  Middle  Ages 
of  Italy,  Lon.,  imp.  4to.  Treatise  on  Bridges,  Vaults,  <tc., 
1839,  fol.  Analytical  Index  to  Hope's  Architecture,  Svo. 
Encyclopedia  of  Civil  Engineering.  Historical,  Theoreti- 
cal, and  Practical.  Illustrated  by  upwards  of  3000  engrav- 
ings on  wood,  by  R.  Branston,  pp.  1655,  Lon.,  1847,  Svo, 
£3  13s.  6d. 

"An  extremely  valuable  book,  filled  with  information  of  the 
most  important  kind  to  the  young  engineer." — Lon.  Artisan. 

4^ 


CRE 


Creuze,  A.  F,  B.,  editor  of  the  Papers  on  Naval 

Architecture.     Treat,  on  the  Theory  and  Prac.  of  Naval 

Architefture,  Edin.,  1840,  4to :  see  Encyc.  Brit.,  7th  edit. 

"  One  of  the  best,  because  the  clearest  and  at  tho  same  time  most 

perfectly  comprehensive,  disquisitiuns  on  ship-buildiug." 

Crevecoeur,  Hector  St.  John,  1731-18i:),b.  at  Caen, 
Normandy,  of  a  noble  family,  settled  in  America,  1754.  1. 
Letters  from  an  American  Farmer,  Phila.,  1794;  Lon.,  1782  : 
flee  Edin.  Rev.,  Oct.  1829:  Ayscough,  Saml.  Trans,  into 
French,  2  edits.,  Paris,  1,784,  '87.  2.  Voyage  dans  le  Ilaut 
Pcnnsylvanie  et  dans  I'Etat  de  New  York,  par  un  Membre 
Adoptif  de  la  Nation  Oneida.  Paris,  1801,  3  vols.  8vo. 

Crewdson,   Isaac.     A  Beacon   to  the   Society  of 
Friends,  Lon.,  1835,  12mo. 
"An  admirable  work.'"— Low si>E3. 

Crewe,  Charles  H.  Seven  weeks  in  the  West,  Lon., 
1841,  12mo.  Doctrine  of  the  N.  Test,  on  Prayer,  ISmo. 
The  System  behind  the  Age,  1846,  12mo. 

Crewe,  Thomas.  Nosegay  of  Moral  Philos.,  Ac., 
Lon.,  1580,  ate. 

Crewe,  or  Crew,  Sir  Thomas.     Proceedings  and 
Debates  in  the  House  of  Commons,  Lon.,  1707,  8vo. 
Creyghton,  Robert,  D.D.     See  Ckeighton. 
Crilib,  William.     Med.  Treatise,  Lon.,  1773,  8vo. 
Crichton,  Alexander,  M.D.     Ment.al  Derangement, 
Lon.,  1798,  2  vols.  8vo.     Table  of  Diseases,  1805.     Tar  as 
a  cure  for  Pulmonary  Consumption,  1818.     Arnica  Mon- 
tana ;  the  Lichislandieus ;  in  Med.  Jour.,  vol.  x. 

Crichton,  Sir  A.  M.     Commentaries  on  some  Doc- 
trines of  a  dangerous  tendency  in  Medicine,  Lon.,  1842,  8vo. 
Crichton,  Andrew.    Converts  from  Infidelity,  being 
vols.  vi.  and  vii.  of  Constable's  Miscellany. 

"  These  vols,  amply  Ulustr.Tte  the  truth  of  Abp.  Sharpe's  asser- 
tion, that  the  best  evidences  of  Christianity  mij^ht  be  obtained 
from  the  death-bed." — Loioiides^s  Brit.  Lib. 

Koch's  Revolutions  of  Europe;  from  the  French,  3  vols. 
ISmo. 
"  A  most  usefid  work,  and  written  with  much  care.'  — IIeehex. 
History  of  Arabia,  Ancient  and  Modem,  1848,  2  vols. 
sm.  8vo. 

'■  We  recommend  this  able  and  elaborate  work  to  our  readers, 
as  the  only  one  in  the  Knglish  lan^masie  to  which  they  can  refer 
with  the  expectation  of  obtaining.'  satisfactory  information  on  the 
history  and  national  character  of  the  .\rabs." — Lon.  Mnnthly  Fev. 
Scanilinavia,  Ancient  and  Modern;  being  a  History  of 
Denmark,  Sweden,  and  Norway,  by  A.  Crichton  and  Henry 
Wheaton,  author  of  the  Hist,  of  the  Northmen,  Ac,  2  vols, 
sm.  Svo  ;  2d  ed.,  1848. 

"  To  the  student  of  our  own  early  records,  this  work  will  prove 
a  T.aluable  auxiliary." — Asintic  Journal. 

"  A  complete  account  of  its  subject." — Lon.  Spectator. 
Crichton,  James,  "  Tho  Admirable,"  can  hardly 
claim  much  space  as  an  author,  but  shall  not  be  altogether 
omitted.  His  birth  has  been  generally  placed  in  1551,  but 
Lord  Buchan  has  decided  that  he  was  born  in  August, 
1560.  His  lord.ship  also  settles  upon  .July,  1582,  as  the 
time  of  his  death.  He  was  the  son  of  Robert  Crichton, 
Lord  Advocate  of  Scotland,  and  was  descended  by  his 
mother,  a  Stuart,  from  King  Robert  II.  After  studying 
at  the  Perth,  and  at  the  University  of  St.  Andrew's,  and 
"acquiring  a  knowledge  of  ten  languages,  and  all  the 
sciences  when  16  to  20  years  of  age,"  (!)  he  travelled 
abroad,  and  visiting  Paris,  Venice,  Rome,  Ac,  challenged 
the  Rabbi  of  the  different  universities  to  learned  disputa- 
tions upon  any  subject  whatever.  He  was  killed,  it  is 
said,  in  a  rage  of  jealousy, — a  lady,  of  course,  being  the 
exciting  cause, — by  Vincentio,  his  pupil,  a  son  of  Gonzaga, 
Duke  of  Mantua.  Those  who  would  know  more  of  one 
of  the  most  remarkable  characters  of  history,  must  con- 
sult the  works  of  Sir  Thomas  Urquhart,  Bayle,  Joannes 
Iniperialis,  Francis  Douglas,  Patrick  Fraser  Tytler,  and 
the  article  by  Dr.  Kippis  in  the  Biog.  Brit.,  partially  com- 
piled from  a  MS.  drawn  up  by  the  Earl  of  Buchan,  for  the 
Society  of  Antiquaries  at  Edinburgh.  In  the  Biog.  Brit, 
will  be  found  four  Latin  Poems,  the  only  literary  remains 
of  the  Admirable  Crichton. 

"  The.se  will  not  exhibit  him  in  a  very  high  point  of  view, 
{^ome  foncy,  perhaps,  may  be  thought  to  be  displayed  in  tho 
longest  of  his  poems,  which  was  written  on  occasion  of  his  ap- 
proach to  the  city  of  Venice.  .  .  .  The  other  three  poems  have  still 
less  to  recommend  them.  Indeed  his  verses  will  not  stand  the  test 
of  a  rigid  examination,  even  with  regard  toiiuanlity." — Biog.  Brit. 
Crichton  was  as  celebrated  for  his  personal  beatity,  and 
his  skill  in  fencing,  drawing,  and  other  polite  accomplish- 
ments, as  for  his  marvellous  erudition.  Joannes  Iniperia- 
lis, an  ItJilian  biographer,  cannot  say  enough  in  his  praise: 
"What  can  more  exceed  our  comprehension,  than  that  Crich- 
ton, in  the  twenty-first  year  of  his  age,  should  be  m.TSter  of  ten 
different  languages,  and  perfectly  well  versed  in  philosophy,  ma- 
thematics, theology,  polite  literature,  and  Jill  other  sciences?  Be- 
sides, was  it  ever  heard,  in  the  whole  compass  of  the  globe,  that  to 
*50 


■--.4.  CRI 

these  extraordinarv  endowments  of  the  mind,  should  be  added  a 
singular  skill  in  fencing,  dancing,  singing,  riding,  and  in  every 
exen-ise  of  the  gymnastic  art!"  .   ,.     .  , 

This  is  sufficiently  high-flown,  but  Impenahs  has  not 
done  with  us  yet;  for  he  goes  on  to  declare  that  when 
Crichton  died,  .  ^    ..  »    . 

"  The  report  of  so  sad  a  catastrophe  was  spread  to  tlie  remotest 
parts  of  the  earth;  that  it  disturbed  univers.al  Nature:  and  that 
in  her  grief  for  the  loss  of  the  Wonder  she  had  produced,  she 
threatened  never  more  to  confer  such  honour  upon  mankind. 

The  last  paragraph  is  not  to  be  disputed.     Certainly  the 
world  has  since  seen  no  such  Phoenix !     AVe  should  not 
omit  to  mention  that  Crichton's  tract  of  Epicedium  lUus- 
trissimiietreverendissimi  Cardinalis  Boromei,  Mcdiolani, 
1584,  4to — so  rare  that  it  is  asserted  there  is  no  other  copy 
known  than  that  in  the  Sapienza  College  at  Rome— was 
reprinted  in  1S25  by  a  distinguished  book-collector  for  pri- 
vate distribution.     25  copies  were  struck  off  on  paper,  and 
one  on  vellum. 
Crighton,  Robert.     See  Creighton. 
Crimniin,  I>.  M.  Diss,  upon  Rhetoric,  Lon.,  1811,  Svo. 
Crimsall,  Richard.     Cupid's  Solicitor  of  Love,  with 
sundry  Compliments,  Lon.,  12mo. 

Crine.     Management  of  the  Gout,  1758,  Svo. 
Cripps,  Henry  W.  Reports,  1849-50.  Laws  relating 
to  the  Church  and  Clergy,  Lon.,  1845,  Svo;  2d  ed.,  1850. 

'■  Mr.  Cripps  has  taken  the  happy  ria  media  between  too  copious 
and  elaborate  a  Codex  of  Church  Law  on  the  one  side,  and  a  txtile 
mecum  of  it,  in  a  too  abstract  and  narrow  consideration,  ott  the 
other.'— 3  i.i/.JVr.  5.151. 

Cririe,  James,  D.D.  Scottish  Scenery;  or  Sketches 
in  Verse,  Ac,  Lon.,  1803,  4to.  ^ 

Crisp,  J.  The  Conveyancer's  Guide,  or  Law  Student  3 
Recreation,  a  Poem,  3d  ed.,  Lon.,  1835,  12mo.  Mr.  Crisp 
is  a  wag.  He  here  teaches  the  principles  of  Conveyancing 
in  Hudibrastic  verse!  He  insists  that  Poetry  is  the  ori- 
ginal language  of  the  Law !  Every  lawyer  must  have  it. 
Crisp,  John.  Nature  of  Vision,  Lon.,  1796,  Svo. 
Crisp,  Samuel,  son  of  Tobhas.  Christ  made  Sin, 
Lon.,  1691,  4to.     New  ed.,  1832,  2  vols.  Svo.     See  Crisp, 

TOBHS.  ,    ,     .,  , 

"  With  mxich  earnestness  we  recommend  this  masterly  defence 
of  Dr.  Crisp,  written  by  his  son;  happy  such  a  father,  and  blessed 
is  such  a  progeny !"' — Lon.  Gtjspd  Mag. 

Christ  Alone  Ex.alted  in  Dr.  Tobias  Crisp's  Sermons  ;  in 
answer  to  Mr.  D.  Williams's  Prof,  to  his  Gospel  Truth 
stated,  Lon.,  1693,  4to. 

Crisp, Samnel.  Two  Theolog.  Letters,  Lon.,  1795, Svo. 
Crisp,  Stephen,  a  Quaker.     Charitable  Advice,  Lon., 
1688,  4to.     Serms.  or  Declarations,  1693,  'S4,  3  vols.  Svo. 
A  Word  in  due  season,  4to. 

Crisp,  Tobias,  D.D.,  1600-1642,  a  native  of  London, 
studied  at  Eton  and  Cambridge,  and  afterwards  removed 
to  Balicd  College,  Oxford.  He  became  Rector  of  Brink- 
worth.  Wiltshire,  in  1627.  In  1642  he  removed  to  London 
to  escape  "  the  insolencies"  of  the  Cavaliers,  who  disliked 
his  puritanical  principles  and  republican  tendencies. 

"  Where  [in  London]  his  opinions  [  Antinomiau]  being  soon  dis- 
covered, he  was  baited  by  52  opponents  in  a  grand  dispute  concern- 
ing freeness  of  the  grace  of  God  in  ,Jesus  Christ  to  poor  sinners, 
&c.  By  which  encounter,  which  was  eagerly  managed  on  his  part, 
he  contracted  a  disease  that  brought  him  to  his  grave."— ^(/len. 
Oxon. 

Surely  52  opponents  were  too  much  for  a  mortal  man  ! 
Some  good  old  bishop  used  to  say  that  when  a  man  en- 
gaged in  controversy,  he  might  bid  adieu  to  peace.  If, 
then,  one  disputant  can  rob  us  of  peace,  52  would  soon  fin- 
ish the  most  robust!  The  principal  parties  in  this  contro- 
versy were  Williams,  Edwards,  Lorimer,  &c.  against  Crisp, 
and  Chauncey  Mather,  Lohb,  ic.  on  his  side.  Crisp  loft 
them  to  carry  on  the  war — ho  died  in  1642 — and  it  was 
maintained  for  seven  years.  After  his  death  14  of  his 
serms.  were  pub.  under  the  title  of  Christ  Alone  Exalted, 
1643,  Svo;  17  serms.  do.,  1644,  Svo;  11  serms.  do.,  1646; 
2  serms.  do.,  1683,  Svo.  Christ  made  sin,  Lon.,  1691,  4to. 
New  ed.,  with  Explanatory  Notes  and  a  Memoir  by  Dr. 
Gill,  1832,  2  vols.  Svo.  See  an  account  of  this  celebrated 
controversy  in  Bogue's  Hist,  of  the  Dissenters,  and  in  Nel- 
son's Life  of  Bishop  Bull.  See  Crisp,  Samuel,  aa(e.  The 
Dr.  seems  to  have  been  a  most  excellent  man,  however 
erroneous  may  have  been  his  views. 

'•  Ills  life  was  so  innocent  and  harmless  from  all  evil,  so  zealous 
and  fervent  in  all  good,  th.at  it  seemed  to  be  designed  as  a  practiMl 
confutation  of  the  slander  of  those  who  would  insinuate  that  his 
doctrine  tended  to  licentiousness." — Lancaster. 

"  He  was  much  followed  for  his  edifying  manner  of  preaching, 
and  fur  his  great  hospitalitv." — Neal. 

"One  of  the  first  patrons  of  Calvinism  run  mad.'— Bojue  ana 
Bennett's  Hifteiry  of  the  Dissenters. 

"Crisp's  statements  are  not  scripturally  guarded,  and  their  ten- 
dency is  to  weaken  the  abomin.ation  of  sin."— Bickersteth  :  Cin-ilh 

tian  StiuUnt.  . 

"  Crisp  s  woi'ks,  with  explanatory  notes  by  Dr.  Gill,  have  m  them 


CRI 

^m^iZ  ^!;'"„"'"'f  "*■  «="«l'«",'^.e  »i>a  ftults.    What  is  exception-  I 
thi\,llhZ:-^    ^^  H    "  unqi^lified  expressions,  rather  (ban  from 
the  author  s  mam  des.gn.  '-Dr.  E.  Williams  :  CT,ni(ta  I'r.acher. 
Crispe,  Samnel,  of  Bungay.    Serm.,Lon.,  1686, 4to. 
•94   ":''*''  ^^°"'^^-      Theolog.  treatises,  Lon.,  1682, 

Crispin,  Gilbert,  d.  1114  or  im,  a  noble  Noraan, 
was  brought  to  England  by  Lanfrane,  who  made  him  Abbot 
of  Westminster,  which  dignity  he  is  said  to  have  enjoyed 
for  32  years— until  his  death.  Two  of  his  works  were 
printed.^  1.  De  Fide  Eoclosia  contra  Juda-os;  Tide  Sanct 
Anselmi  opera,  fob,  Parisiis,  1721,  pp.  512-544.  2.  Vita 
Aof^%  >'  Beccensis  abbatis  primi  et  conditoris;  vide 
Acta  Sanctorum,  <tc.,  Paris,  1701,  fob 

"5Iost  of  the  treatises  ascrihed  by  Cave  and  others  to  r.ilhert 
Crispin  belong  to  other  persons  of  the  name  of  OilCrt  "-.rlw'' 
Bu^.  Brd.  Lit. ;  q.  v.  et  Leland,  Bale,  Pits,  Tanner  ^ 

1795"!™        "*■""  '''*"'^"-     P^^t'O"!   Sketches,  Lon., 

'rritTp,wl?n'  «"lv'  '^r'''^'":'^'"''  "<'ri'-"-'K'«'s  Bihl.  Brit. 

Crittenden,  S.yV.  Treatise  on  Book-Keeping,  Phila., 

r.  Svo,  and  school  edit.,  Phila.  f    e,>'-  ""«•, 

"The  elementary  portion  is  simple,  clear,  comprehensive   and 

Croce,  Giovanni.  Musica  .Sacra,  16IIS,  6  Pts  "For 
a  full,  lofty,  and  sprightly  vein  ho  was  second  to  none  " 
bee  Peacham's  Compleat  Gentleman 

Crocker,  Abr.  Theological,  educational,  and  other 
works.  Elements  of  Land-Survcying,  1805,  12mo-  new 
ed.,  by  T.  (1.  Bunt,  1842,  p.  Svo.  ' 

Crocker,  Hannah  Mather,  grand-daughter  of  the 
Rev.  Dr.  Cotton  Mather,  (p„»t.)  and  wid,.w  of  Joseph 
Crocker  of  Taunton.  Mass.  1.  Letters  on  Free  Ma- 
sonry, 1815;  with  a  Preface  by  Th.addeus  Mason  Harris, 
D.B.,  who  urged  the  republication  of  these  letters,  which 
originally  appeared  in  a  newsp.aper  in  1810  2  The 
School  of  Reform :  Seaman's  Safe  Pilot  to  the  Cape  of 
Good  Hope,  by  the  Seaman's  Friend.  X  Observations  on 
fte  Rights  of  Woman,  181S.     This  vol.  is  dedicated  to 

^Zm-'""'?^  f'?-  ^{"^  ^""'^'''  ''«"  "P  -^  statement 
respecting  the  history  of  Madam  Knight,  the  schoolmis- 
tress of  Dr.  Benjamin  Franklin,  (see  p.  1040,  «o./,)  which 
can  be  seen  in  the  library  of  the  Antiquarian  Society  of 
Worcester,  Mass.     See  Bost.  Living  Age,  No.  735,  June 

,Sj°,%^'^^'^^^"^"^-   Catastrophe  of  the  Pres.  Church, 

Crocket,  G.  F.  H.  Abolition  of  Cap.  Punishment, 
Georgt.,  Kentucky,  1823.  ' 

Crockett,  Col.  David.  E.'tploits  in  Texas,  12mo 
Tour  Down  East,  12mo.  Autobiography,  12mo.  Sketches 
and  Eccentricities  of.     Song  Book  onercnes 

to V8,"l™':,"i8?o: ft;.  ^''=  ^'""'"''°  '^  ^"™p^'  p"''  1 

Crocus,  atiglicd  Choke. 
4  v^fs"'^''  '*''*■     ^"'''^'"^'''''^  Castle;  a  Nov.,  Lon.,  1800, 

Croft,  G.  The  Christian  Instructor,  Lon.,  1S25,  ]2mo 
1„„  n  V  *',''°^f''',^-^"  l"i7-lS09,  Fellow  of  Univ.  CoU 
lege,  Oxford.  Theolog.  work.s,  Lon.,  1781-1811.  Eight 
faerms.  at  the  Bampton  Lecture,  1786,  Oxf.,  1786  Svo 
the  „?.  'f  ■"  *'"'«^rt,  d.  1 622,  became  a  R.  citholie  .at 
the  age  of  o2,  and  entered  the  monastery  of  the  English 
Benedictines  at  Douay,  where  he  resided  until  his  death 
1.  Letters  persuasive  to  his  Wife  and  Children  in  En-l.and 
to  take  upon  them  the  Catholic  Religion.     2.  Arguments; 

t  ,.  ,  *"'''?  '"  ""=  Answer  of  his  daughter,  (M.arv 
which  she  made  to  a  paper  of  his,  Douay,  circa  1619, 12mo 
Eight  copies  printed.  See  Athen.  Oxon 
.  Croft,  Herbert,  D.D.,  1603-1601.  son  of  the  preced- 
ing, was  educated  .at  the  English  College  at  St  Oiner's 
returned  to  England  in  1622,lbjured  Romanism  aiTen: 
ered  the  Church  of  England.  Prebendary  of  Salisbury, 
Tbl  Nnke"?  T  "r'^°'-'''l««;  Bishop  of  Hereford,  1691 
The  Naked  Truth  ;  or  the  True  State  of  the   Primitive 

pro;'e"'hat'pro"'  f"'     '"'?  '"''''''  "'  '"^'^  book  was  lo 

^S::  sptrit'^runTty!'  ''"'"  ^  essentials  and  should  ehe- 

"If  drewtheeyesofallthatcould  look  imnn  if     t*„,„«     a-   • 

drew  Marvel!  defended  him.     See  Athen.  Oxon      Scrms  , 

fJwV.  ifis.  .^'"•■'t''"''™"'?  ^'-  Burnet's  Theory  of  the 
Earth,  1685,  4to.  Legacy  to  his  Diocese,  or  a  short  deter- 
mination of  all  controversies  we  have  with  the  Papists  by 
Uods  Holy  Word;  being  three  serms.  on  John  v.  39,  &c 


CRO 


I^^  i'l"r?u  'S"  """"^  '°<"'^»tes  the  zeal  of  the  bishop  on 
behalf  of  the  Protestant  cause.     He  takes  pains  to  reaffirm 
his  principles  in  the  preamble  to  his  Will  • 
hJt'h  y°  '"  ""  "J"™'''?  ""DDfr  most  heartily  thank  Ood,  that  he 

^os^l  To  reTfl  /"r '°""  -I  P'r',"'*'  ''^  *'"''  "Sbt  of  his  most  holy 
gospel  to  recall  me  from  the  darkness  of  gross  errors  and  Donish 
supers  itions  mo  which  I  was  seduced  in  my  youngerdavs  and 
to  settle  me  again  in  the  true  ancient  Catholic  aid  Apo.stolic  fatth 
professed  l^  our  Church  of  England,  in  which  I  was  horn  and  S 
taed,  [his  father  embraced  Romanism  after  his  son's  birth,]  andS 

Croft,  Sir  Herbert,  1751-1816,  of  the  same  family 
as  the  above,  a  native  of  London,  was  educated  at  Univer 
sity  College,  Oxford,  and  afterwards  studied  law  at  Lin- 
coln s  Inn.  In  1782  he  took  holy  orders,  and  in  1797  he 
succeeded  to  a  baronetcy.  A  Brother's  Advice  to  his  Sis- 
ters, 1775, 12mo.  LoveandMadness,  1780,5m.  Svo.  This 
was  founded  upon  the  murder  of  Miss  Ray,  by  Hackman. 
Fanaticism  and  Treason,  1780,  Svo.  The  Literary  Fly 
1780.  Other  works.  In  1792  he  issued  proposals  for  an 
enlarged  edit,  of  Johnson's  Dictionary,  with  20,000  words 
added  and  errors  corrected.  To  be  pub.  in  four  large  folios 
at  £12  12s!  We  have  the  original  prospectus  before  us, 
Md  a  curious  affair  it  is.  The  work  w.as  never  completed 
He  wrote  the  life  of  Young,  in  Johnson's  English  Poets. 
The  Doctor  thus  honourably  mentions  his  assistant- 

"The  following  Life  w.as  written,  at  my  request,  by  a  gentle- 
man who  had  better  information  than  I  could  easilv  h.are  ob- 
tained:  and  the  pul.Iick  will  perhaps  wish  that  I  h.ad  solicited 
and  obtained  more  such  favours  from  him." 

See  BosweU's  Johnson,  and  Memoir  of  Croft  in  Gent. 
Mag.,  May,  1816,  p.  470,  and  Dec.  4,  p  4S7 

Croft,  Jolin.  1.  Wines,  1787,  York,  8vo.  2.  Scrap- 
cana;  liigitive  Miscellany,  1792,  Svo.  3.  E.xoerpta  An- 
iqua,  Svo.  4.  Annotations  on  Plays  of  Shakspeare. 
(Johnson  and  Steevens's  ed.,)  1810,  Svo. 

Croft,  Robert.     Loyal  Officer,  Lon.,  1663   4to 

Croft,  Robert?  Terrestrial  Paradise;  in  verso  and 
prose,  1639. 

Croft,  Thomas.     Funl.  serm..  Lon.,  1711    Svo 
Croft,  William,  Mus.  Doc,  1677-1727,  a'celebrated 
composer  of  Cathedral   Music,  organist  of  Westminster 
Abbey.     Divme    Harmony,   1712,   anon.      Musicus,   Ac, 
17lD.     Musica  Sacra,  1724,  2  vol.s.fol.    This  beautiful  work 
IS  the  first  that  was  stamped  on  pewtor  plates  and  in  score. 
Vol.  1st  contains  the  Burial  Service,  left  unfinished  by 
Purcell.     See  Hawkins's  History  of  Music ;  Burney's  ditto 
Crolton,  Dennis.     Genesis  and  Geology;  or  an  in- 
vestigation into  the  reconciliation  of  the  modern  doctrines 
of  Geology,  with  the  declarations  of  Scripture ;  with  an 
Introduction  by  Edward  Hitchcock,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  Boston 
1853,  16uio,  pp.  100.  ' 

Crofton,  Zachary,  d.  1672  ?  a  native  of  Ireland  ob- 
tained the  living  of  St.  Botolph,  Aldgat«,  London  ;  rejected 
or  i\(,nconformity,  1662.  He  pub.  a  number  of  theolog. 
(controversial)  and  other  treatises,  1660-63.  His  Dis- 
course of  Patronage  appeared  in  1675. 

Crofts,  John.  Piety  and  Courage:  a  serm.,  1S13, 12mo 
Crofts,  Robert.     The  Lover,  or  Nuptial  Love,  writ- 
ten by  Robert  Crofts  to  ple.vse  himselfe,  Lon.,  1638,  ISmo 
Crockatt,  Gilbert.  Letter  to  Lady  Shovell,  1708  Svo 
Crokc,  Alexander,  LL.D.     Report  of  Case  of  Hor- 
ner vs.  Liddiard,  Lon.,  1800,  Svo.     Argument  in  Case  of 
the  Hendrick  and  Maria,  1800,  Svo.     Remarks  on  Schle- 
gel's  work  upon  the  Visitation  of  Neutral  Vessels  under 
Convoy,  1801,  Svo. 

Crokc,  Sir  Alexander.  A  Genealogical  Hist,  of 
the  Croke  Family,  1823,  2  vols.  4to,  £7  7..  Prot-ress 
of  Idolatry  and  other  Poems,  1841.  2  vols.  Svo.  Schola 
Salernitan.a,  by  G.  D.  Milano ;  with  an  Eng.  trans.,  intro- 
duction,  and  notes;  by  Sir  A.  C,  p.  Svo. 

"  How  popular  this  ancient  poem  must  have  been,  we  mav  infer 
Irom  Its  having  passed  through  ItX.i  editions.  It  is  republished 
now  as  a  bibliographical  curiositv;  but  Sir  A.  Croke  has.  in  the 
introduction  and  notes,  gathered  together  so  many  interesting 
tacts,  that  the  volume  will  be  welcomed  for  itselt  as  well  as  tre^ 
sured  as  a  curiosity." — Athevmim. 

Essay  on  the  Origin,  Progress,  and  Doctrine  of  Rhym- 
ing Latin  Verse,  with  many  specimens,  1SJ8,  p.  Svo. 

"This  is  a  clever  and  interesting  little  volume  on  an  attractive 
subject;  the  leisure  work  of  a  scholar  and  a  man  of  taste"— 
British  Critic. 

Croke,  or  Crook,  Sir  George,  1559-1641,  educated 
^  at  University  College,  Oxford,  entered  the  Inner  Temple 
and  m  1628  succeeded  Sir  John  Doderidge  as  Justice  of 
the  King's  Bench.  In  1636  he  espoused  the  part  of  Hamp- 
j  den  in  the  ship-money  case.  Hampden's  share,  for  which 
j  he  went  to  law,  was  IS  shillings,  and  Lloyd  remarks 
i  that  It  cost  the  nation  £18,000,000 !     Report  of  Select 

4BI 


CRO 


CRO 


Cases  in  the  C.  of  K.  B.  and  C.  P.  temp.  Eliz.,  Jas.  I.  aud 
Chas.  I. ;  Freueh,  Lon.,  1657-61.  3  vols.  fol. ;  2d  ed.,  with- 
out references,  1669,  3  vols.  fol. ;  3d  ed.  iu  English,  by 
Croke's  son-in-law,  Sir  Harbottle  Grimstone,  with  many 
references,  &c.,  1683-85,  3  vols.  fol.  j  4th  ed.,  with  notes 
and  references  to  later  authorities,  by  Thos.  Leach,  1790- 
92,  4  vols.  r.  8vo.  Abridgt.  of  the  Cases  temp.  Chas.  I., 
165S,  8vo.     Abridgt.  by  Wm.  Hughes,  1665,  8vo. 

"A  work  of  credit  and  celebrity  among  the  old  reporters,  and 
which  has  sustained  its  character  in  every  succeeding  age."' — 
Chancellor  Kent. 

There  has  been  some  dissent  to  this  opinion,  but  Mr. 
"Wallace's  explanation  of  the  matter  appears  to  us  to  be 
satisfactory.  See  Wallace's  Reporters,  23;  Marvin's  Le- 
gal Bib.,  240  ;  Brooks's  Bib,  Leg.,  212  ;  Reeves's  Hist.,  240. 

Croke,  John.  RelatJones  Casuum  Selectorum  ex 
libris.  Rob.  Kielwey  et  alias  Relationes  per  Gul.  Dali- 
son  et  Gul.  Bendlues,  Lou.,  1633,  fol. 

Croke,  Richard,  {in  Latin,  Crocus,)  d.  1558,  a  na- 
tive of  London,  was  educated  at  Eton  and  King's  College, 
Cambridge.  He  was  Greek  Professor  at  Leipsie,  at  Lou- 
vain,  and  subsequently  at  Oxford.  He  was  sent  by 
Henry  VIII.  to  intluence  the  University  of  Padua  to 
favour  the  divorce  of  the  king.  His  letters  to  Henry  may 
be  seen  in  Burnet's  Hist,  of  the  Reformation.  Croke  pub. 
several  treatises,  among  which  are  Introductiones  ad  Gra;- 
cam  Linguam,  Cologn.,  1520,  4to,  and  Orationes.  1520,  4to. 

Croker,  Rev.  Henry  Temple.  Bower  detected 
as  an  Historian,  Lou.,  1758,  8vo.  Experimented  Magnet- 
ism, 1761,  8vo.  The  Complete  Diet,  of  Arts  and  Sciences, 
3  vols,  fol.,  1769.     Superseded  by  later  compilations. 

Croker,  Rt.  Hon.  John  Wilson,  D.C.L.,  1780- 
1857,  a  native  of  the  county  of  Galway,  Ireland,  but  of 
English  descent,  was  one  of  the  most  prominent  literary 
characters  of  his  day.  He  died  at  the  house  of  Sir  William 
Whiteman,  at  St.  Alban's-bank,  Hampton,  near  London. 
He  was  educated  at  Trinity  College,  Dublin,  called  to  the 
Bar  in  1807,  and  from  that  time  to  1832  occupied  a  seat  iu 
the  House  of  Commons.  From  1809  to  '30  he  was  Secre- 
tary to  the  Admiralty,  and  in  1828  was  sworn  of  the  Privy 
Council.  His  opposition  to  the  Reform  Bill,  and  his  decla- 
ration that  he  would  never  sit  in  a  Reformed  House  of 
Commons,  has  enabled  him  to  devote  more  attention  to 
literary  pursuits.  His  first  publication,  Familiar  Epistles 
to  Frederick  E.  Jones,  Esq.,  on  the  Irish  Stage,  Dubl., 
1804,  two  edits,  in  the  year,  displayed  that  satirical  power 
which  is  so  conspicuous  in  his  articles  in  the  Quarterly 
Review — originated  in  1809  by  Scott,  Canning,  and  Croker. 
In  that  valuable,  if  not  altogether  amiable,  ingredient  in 
reviewing,  sarcasm,  Mr.  Croker  is  thought  not  to  have  been 
a  whit  behind  the  great  Giftbrd  himself. 

"John  Wilson  Croker  more  than  approached  the  editor  in  par- 
castic  sallies  aud  biting  wit:  he  gave  early  proofs  of  such  powers 
in  his  poem  on  the  Irish  stage ;  intimated  talents  active  and  argu- 
mentative in  his  speeches;  and  a  poetic  feeling  and  spirit  approach- 
ing Scott  in  his  Peninsular  battles.  To  his  pen,  many  articles  full 
of  political  wormwood  are  attributed;  and  also  sonie'of  the  papi-rs 
on  America,  which  were  not  received  in  a  tone  of  thankfulness  l\v 
the  men  of  the  West."— Allan  Cc.vninguam  :  £if>g.  and  Crit.  msi. 
of  Lit.     See  Men  of  the  Time,  Lon.,  1S53. 

Mr.  C.'s  next  publication  was  An  Intercepted  Letter 
fVom  Canton.  This  is  a  satirical  picture  of  the  city  of 
Dublin.  To  this  succeeded  Songs  of  Trafalgar;  The  Bat- 
tle of  Talavera ;  Sketch  of  Ireland,  Past  and  Present ;  Let- 
ters on  the  Naval  War  with  America;  Stories  from  the 
History  of  England.  This  work  (of  which  30,000  to  40,000 
copies  have  been  sold)  was  the  model  of  Sir  Walter  Scott's 
Tales  of  a  Grandfather. 

"  A  good  thought  came  in  my  head— to  write  stories  for  little  John- 
nie Lockhart,  from  the  History  of  Scotland,  like  those  t;tken  finm 
the  History  of  Koglaud.  But  I  will  not  write  mine  quite  so  simply 
as  Croker  has  done.  I  am  persuaded  both  children  and  the  lower 
class  of  readers  hate  books  which  are  written  down  to  their  capa- 
city, and  love  those  that  are  composed  for  their  elders  and  betters." 

We  wish  that  the  authors  of  some  modern  juvenile  books 
would  ponder  the  above. 

Sir  Walter  presented  a  copy  of  the  First  Series  to  Mr. 
Croker,  with  the  following  note  : 

"  My  Dear  Croker,—!  have  been  stealing  from  you.and  as  it  seems 
the  tashion  to  compound  felony,  I  send  you  a  samplt-  of  the  swa>^, 
by  way  of  stopping  your  mouth.  . . .  Always  yours.       W.  Scott."* 

Mr.  Croker  has  also  aided  educators  and  their  pupils 
by  his  excellent  Progressive  Geography  for  Children, 
which  a  high  authority  commends  as 

"The  best  elementary  book  on  the  subject." — Lnn.  Quart.  Rev. 

We  continue  the  enumeration  of  Mr.  Croker's  works: 
Reply  to  the  Letters  of  Malachi  Malagrowther ;  The  Suf- 
folk Papers;  Military  Events  of  the  French  Revolution 
of  1830;  trans,  of  Bassonipicrrc's  Embassy  to  England; 
Hervey's  Memoirs  of  the  Court  of  George  the  Second, 
now  first  pub.  from  the  Originals  at  Ickworth. 


"I  know  of  no  such  near  and  intimate  picture  of  the  interior 
of  a  court.  No  other  Memoir  that  I  have  read  brings  us  so  im- 
mediately, so  actually  into  not  merely  the  presence,  but  the  com- 
pany, of  the  personages  of  the  royal  circle.  Lord  Hervey  is,  I  may 
venture  to  say,  almost  the  Boswell  of  George  II.  and  Queen  Caro- 
liue." — 3Ir.  CrohEr''s  Preface. 

The  mention  of  Boswell  naturally  introduces  a  notice 
of  the  maijnum  opus  of  Mr.  Croker — the  production  by 
which  he  is  bust  known  to  the  popular  literary  circles — 
bis  edit,  of  BosweU's  Johnson.  This  work  has  been  already 
noticed  at  length  in  our  article  upon  Boswell.  The  reader 
will  there  see  that  Mr.  Macaulay  does  not  indulge  iu  rap- 
turous plaudits  of  Mr.  Croker's  valuable  labours,  and  the 
latter  has  returned  Mr.  Macaulay's  compliments  in  his  re- 
view in  the  Quarterly  of  The  History  of  England  from 
the  Accession  of  James  II.  An  answer  to  Mr.  Croker's 
charge  of  "partial  selection"  and  "misrepresentation  of 
facts"  will  be  found  in  the  "  Edinburgh."  It  is  not  pleasant 
to  dwell  upon  these  family  quarrels  ;  for  surely  those  who 
zealously  labour  for  the  intellectual  advancement  of  tho 
race  may  be  properly  said  to  constitute  one  family.  With 
the  exception  of  contributions  to  the  Quarterly  Review, 
Mr.  Croker  published  nothing  for  many  years.  At  the 
time  of  his  death  he  was  engaged  in  the  preparation  of  an 
edition  of  the  works  of  Alexander  Pope,  iu  connexion  with 
Mr.  Peter  Cunningham,  which  was  announced  by  Mr, 
Murray.  Mr.  Cunningham  continues  the  editorship,  (see 
p.  461,/)o«(.)  Essays  on  the  Early  Period  of  the  French 
Revolution,  by  tho  late  Rt.  Hon.  John  AVilson  Croker; 
reprinted  from  the  Quar.  Rev.,  with  Additions  and  Cor- 
rections, 1857,  8vo.  He  also  edited  Lady  Hervey's  Letters, 
Walpole's  Letters  to  Lord  Hertford,  and  was  the  author 
of  several  lyrical  jjoems  of  merit. 

Croker,  Capt.  Richard.  Travels  through  Seve- 
ral Provinces  of  Spain  and  Portugal,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1799, 
8vo. 

''  An  entertaining  and,  in  some  parts,  instructive  performance."—* 
Lon.  Month!;/  litvtew,  1790. 

Croker,  Thomas.     Knavish  Merchant,  1661,  4to. 

Croker,  Thomas  Crofton,  d.  1854,  aged  57,  a  po- 
pular author,  has  done  much  to  illustrate  the  Irish  cha- 
racter and  the  Antiquities  of  the  country.  Researches  in 
the  South  of  Ireland,  Lon.,  1824,  4to.  This  volume  con- 
tains a  large  amount  of  valuable  information  respecting 
the  manners  and  superstition  of  the  Irish  Peasantry, 
Scenery,  Architectural  Pteniains,  &c. 

Fairy  Legends  and  Trailitions  of  the  South  of  Ireland, 
1825.  This  edit,  contains  contributions — which  were  sub- 
sequently omitted — by  Maginn,  Pigot,  Humphreys,  and 
Keightlcy.  Legends  of  the  Lakes,  1828;  new  edit,  ar- 
ranged as  a  Tour  to  the  Lakes,  1853,  Daniel  O'Rourke, 
1828.  Barney  Mahoney,  1832.  My  Village  versus  Our 
Village,  1832.  Tour  of  M.  BouUaye  Le  Gouz  iu  Ireland, 
1844.     The  Popular  Songs  of  Ireland,  1839. 

"  Each  is  accompanied  by  its  history  tVom  the  competent  pen  of 
Crofton  Croker,  than  whom  no  man  kuows  more  of  the  poetic  su- 
perstitions and  the  manners  aud  mytholopy  of  Ireland." 

"A  volume  of  sin{;;ular  interest  and  curiosity.  It  is  even  more 
than  this — it  is  a  publication  of  real  value,  as  illustrative  of  the 
past  aud  present  condition,  both  mental  and  moral,  of  the  most 
singular  people  of  the  world.  At  the  same  time,  it  is,  as  a  collec- 
tion of  vocal  compositions,  full  of  the  graces  and  beauty  of  which 
that  class  of  poetry  is  so  eminently  susceptible."— iwi.A'arai  and 
Military  GazHte. 

Mr.  Croker  pub.  in  1838.  2  vols.  8vo,  the  Memoirs  of 
Joseph  Holt,  General  of  the  Irish  Rebels  in  171*8,  edited 
from  his  original  MSS.  in  the  possession  of  Sir  William 
Betham. 

"  These  Memoirs  are  wild,  eccentric,  and  adventurous." — Lfm. 
Ntw  Monthly  Magazine. 

"AVe  hi-arti!y  recommend  the  general  and  his  editor  (whose 
notes  in  themselves  are  copious  and  interesting)  to  our  readers." 
— Lmi.  Athcncvinn. 

"Of  Crnftou  Croker  it  may  truly  be  said,  as  of  his  countryman, 
Oliver  Goldsmith,  Jtullum  tttigit  (pi,nd  non  firnavit,  (long  may  he 
adorn  our  literature  with  such  works  as  the  present,  before  the 
compliment  can  be  used  in  his  epitaph!)  aud  of  his  coadjutor  in 
this  work,  the  worthy  Ulster  Kin^r,  that  he  too  has  done  ixood  ser- 
vice in  preserving  these  curious  records  belonging  to  Irish  history. 
The  work  contains  adventures  of  extraordinary  and  rouiantia 
character,  aud  everybody  will  read  it." — Lon.  Literary  Gazette. 

The  reader  will  find  further  details  of  Mr.  Croker's  lite- 
rary life  in  the  Lon.  Gent.  Mag.  for  Oct.,  1854. 

Croker,  Walter.     A  Letter  to  an  M.  P.,  Lon.,  1816. 

Crole,  or  Croleus,  Robert.     See  Crowley. 

Croly,  Rev.  (>eo.,  LL.D..  one  of  the  most  voluminous 
writers  of  the  day,  was  b.  in  Dublin,  1780,  and  educated  at 
Trinity  College,  Dublin.  He  has  been  for  many  years  Rec- 
tor of  St.  Stephen's,  Wallbrook,  London.  We  classify  his 
works  according  to  their  sul^jects.  1.  The  Apocalypse  of 
St.  John  ;  a  New  Interpretation,  Lon.,  1827,  8vo. 

"  An  original  and  powerfully- writ  ten  volume.  .  .  .  The  sketch 


CRO 


CRO 


wbk'h  completes  Ihe  volume  is  evidently  the  result  of  great  labour 
and  researrli,  and  abounds  with  most  important  historical  infor- 
mation.''— liarnf's  Introditc. 

2.  Divine  Providence  j  or  the  three  Cycles  of  Kevela- 
tion.  1S34,  8vo. 

''  To  I>r.  Croly  belongs  the  hi;rh  and  lasting  praise  of  lending 
new  forces  to  the  defenders  of  religion,  and  adding  a  new  wing  to 
the  temple  of  the  Christian  Faith." — Lrm.  Gait.  Mag. 

"  Dr.  Croly  is  a  man  of  vivid  imagination,  but  the  misfortune  is, 
that  bis  imagination  runs  away  with  him.  His  language,  there- 
fore, is  rich  and  often  eloquent;  but  his  ideas  are  for  the  most  part 
quite  fanciful  and  unsound." — British  <_yitic,  1S34. 

3.  The  True  Idea  of  Baptism,  1850,  Svo.  4.  Sermon  on 
Marriage,  2d  ed.,  1836,  Svo.  5.  Sermons  on  Important 
Subjects,  1849,  Svo.  (As  connected  with  a  subject  which 
excited  great  interest  in  England  and  America,  we  should 
not  omit  to  mention  that  in  1842  Mr.  D.  Croly  pub.  an  Index 
to  the  Tracts  for  the  Times ;  with  Dissertations.)  6.  Serms. 
preached  in  the  Chapel  of  the  Foundling  Hospital,  with 
others  preached  in  St.  Stephen's,  Wallbrook,  in  1847, 
1848,  Svo. 

"Clearer,  more  nervous,  and  in  the  true  sense  of  the  term,  sim- 
pler, discourses,  have  not  appeared  for  many  years;  their  style  is 
in  general  true  Saxon,  their  m.atter  strong,  their  theology  sound 
and  scriptural." — GiJfiUari's  Litt^rary  Barlraits. 

*J.  Speeches  on  the  Papal  Aggression.  8.  Exposition  on 
Popery  and  the  Popish  Question.  9.  The  Popish  Supre- 
macy; two  sermons,  1850,  Svo.  10.  Works  of  Jeremy 
Taylor.  With  Life  and  Times  of  the  Author,  1838,  8  vols. 
p.  Svo. 

"  A  beautiful  edition  of  the  best  works  of  this  eloquent  and  ad- 
mired author." 

11.  Scenes  from  Scripture,  with  other  Poems,  1851,  Svo. 
"Kmincnt  in  every  mode  of  literature,  I)r.  Croly  stands,  in  our 

judgment,  first  among  the  living  poets  of  Great  Britain." — Lon. 
Standard. 

"An  admirable  addition  to  the  library  of  religious  families." — 
John  Bull. 

12.  Marriage  with  a  deceased  Wife's  Sister.  13.  On  the 
proposed  Admission  of  Jews  into  Parliament.  14.  Works 
of  Alex.  Pope,  with  Memoirs.  Notes,  and  Critical  Notices 
on  each  Poem,  1835,  4  vols.  12mo.  15.  Pride  shall  have  a 
Fall ;  a  Comedy.  This  is  an  early  production  of  Mr. 
Croly.     16.   Catiline,  a  Tragedy,  with  other  Poems,  Svo. 

"  There  can  be  no  doubt  that  this,  whether  considered  as  a 
poem  or  as  a  drama,  is  a  splendid  perfomiance,  and  one  which 
must  greatly  elevate  the  name  of  Croly." — Blackwood's  Mag. 

17.  Verse  Illustrations  to  Gems  from  the  Antique,  sm. 
Svo. 

"  Mr.  Croly's  genius  is  too  well  known  to  need  our  commenda- 
tion. We  can  safely  say.  that  tbi-si-  illustrations  will  add  a  wreath 
to  his  laurels." — Lon.  New  Mai^thhj  Ma,j. 

18.  Paris  in  1815.  and  other  Pocuis.Svo.  (his  first  work.)  19. 
The  Angel  of  the  World  ;  an  Arabian  Tale,  l.'i20.  20.  Sebas- 
tian ;  aSpanish  Tale.  21.  Poetical  Works,  1830,  2  vols.  p.  Svo. 

"  Full  of  lofty  imaginings  and  poetic  thought,  we  will  venture 
to  say,  that  there  is  hardly  a  theme  which  M  r.  ( 'r.  '\v  has  not  awoke 
with  a  masterly  hand,  and  hardly  a  sympathy  ulji.h  he  has  not 
touched,  in  the  great  and  multifarious  range  of  Kulijects  embraced 
in  these  volumes." — Lon.  Literary  Gcufttf, 

22.  Beauties  of  the  English  Poets,  12mo.  23.  The  Mo- 
dern Orlando;  a  Poem,  1846,  Svo;  2d  ed.,  1855. 

"  One  cannot  but  regret  that  Dr.  Croly  has  not  carried  out  his 
original  purpose  of  prolonging  the  poem  to  a  ramble  in  other  cities 
and  scenes  of  modern  tr.avel.  Fragmentary  as  it  now  is.  it  is  by 
far  the  best  thing  of  the  kind  that  has  been  written  since  Byron." 
— Ltm.  Literary  Gazette. 

24.  Character  of  Curran's  Eloquence  and  Politics.  25. 
Political  Life  of  the  Rt.  Hon.  Edmund  Burke,  1840,  2  vols. 
p.  Svo. 

"_A  valuable  contribution  to  our  national  Ht.T.if  ore.  an  effectual 
antidote  to  revolutionary  principles,  and  .i  l]);l^(^•r]y  analysis  of 
the  mind  and  writings  of  the  greatest  philosopher  and  statesman 
in  our  history." — Britantiia. 

26.  Historical  Sketches,  Speeches,  and  Characters,  1842, 
p.  Svo.  27.  Tales  of  the  Great  St.  Bernard,  3  vols.  p.  Svo. 
28.  Year  of  Liberation  in  1813,  2  vols.  p.  Svo.  29.  Sala- 
thiel,  a  Story  of  the  Past,  the  Present,  and  the  Future, 
1827,  3  vols.  p.  Svo. 

"  We  have  risen  from  the  perusal  of  the  volumes  before  us,  just 
as  we  have  felt  after  losing  ourselves  in  the  absorbing  interest  of 
Shakspeare's  finest  tragedy.  Every  page  is  instinct  with  the 
energy  of  passion,  or  with  some  glowing  picture  of  romantic  gran- 
deur—the tender,  the  affecting,  and  the  pathetic— the  ardent,  the 
heroic,  the  devoted— all  that  can  excite  the  highest  and  most  dra- 
matic of  our  feelings.  There  is,  we  will  venture  to  predict,  in 
Salathiel,  the  germ  of  perpetuity;  it  is  not  destined,  like  some 
other  works  of  imagination,  to  be  read  and  forgotten."— Xon.  Gent. 
Magazine. 

"One  of  the  most  splendid  productions  among  works  of  fiction 
that  the  age  has  brought  forth."— ion.  Mlirtirrnm. 

"  There  are  many  natural  scenes,  and  passages  tender  and  elo- 
quent, but  somewhat  cold  and  stately;  it  abounds  in  descriptions 
on  which  all  the  splendours  of  fancy  and  language  are  lavished.  . 
.  .  .  The  author  in  his  poem  of  ■  May  Fair'  was  more  at  home;  it 
contains  passages  which,  for  condensed  vigour  of  thought  and 


langiuage,  and  sharp  severity  of  rebuke,  are  not  to  be  paralleled  in 
the  '  Legion  Club'  of  Swift."— ALL.1N  Ci'S.ningham  :  BiOii.  and  Crit. 
Hist,  of  Lit. 

30.  Marston;  or,  The  Soldier  and  Statesman,  1846, 
3  vols.  p.  Svo.  31.  The  Personal  History  of  King  George 
the  Fourth,  1S30,  Svo;  2d  ed.,  1,«41,  2  vols.  p.  Svo. 

"These  volumes  have  a  higher  degree  of  Interest  than  could 
possibly  arise  from  merely  tracing  the  personal  career  of  tJeorge 
the  Fourth.  They  are  a  history  of  his  age;  introducing  us  to  all 
the  great  statesmen  and  wits  of  that  period;  aliuuiiriing  in  rapid 
and  masterly  sketches  of  character,  brilliant  reticiiion.  and  plea- 
sant episodes;  and  embodying  all  that  information  current  iu  the 
best-informed  circles  of  the  day.  which  is  necessary  to  be  known 
if  we  would  thoroughly  understand  the  transactions  of  the  period." 
— liritannia. 

"  Dr.  Croly  is  an  almost  universal  poet.  He  is  grand  and  gor- 
geous, but  rarely  tender  and  affectionate;  he  builds  a  lofty  and 
magnificent  temple,  but  it  is  too  cold  and  stately  to  be  a  home  for 
the  heart." — Mrs.  H.\li,. 

Cromartie,  or  Cronicrty,  George,  Earl  of.  Con- 
spiracies of  the  Earl  of  Gowry  and  Robert  Logan  against 
King  James  VI.,  and  a  Vindication  of  Robert  III.,  <tc., 
E<lin.,  1713,  Svo.  Mosses  in  Scotland,  Phil.  Trans.,  1710. 
Crombie,  Alexander,  LL.D.,  1760-1S42,  a  native 
of  Aberdeen,  pastor  of  a  Presbyterian  congregation  in 
London,  schoolmaster  at  Highgute,  and  subsequently  at 
Greenwich.  1.  Philosophical  Necessity,  Lon.,  1793,  Svo. 
2.  Etymology  and  Syntax  of  the  English  Language  ex- 
plained, 1802,  Svo;  4th  ed.,  1836;  adapted  to  schools  by 
W.  Smith,  1846.  3.  Gymnasium,  sive  Symbola  Critica, 
1812,  2  vols.  Svo;  6th  ed.,  1834;  abridged,  1836,  12mo. 
4.  Letters  on  the  Agricultural  Interest,  1816,  Svo.  5.  Na^ 
tural  Theology,  Lon.,  1829,  2  vols.  Svo. 

"  In  these  volumes  Dr.  Crombie  has  presented,  as  we  believe,  the 
most  comprehensive  view  of  the  whole  science  of  natural  theology 
that  has  hitherto  appeared."— io«.  QuarUrly  Rev.  11.  213:  q.v.'ei 
vol.  xxxix.  6,  and  Edin.  Kev.  liv.  147. 

Dr.  C.'s  English  Grammar  is  one  of  the  best  in  the  lan- 
guage. 

Crombie,  John.  The  Character  and  OfiBces  of  Christ 
Illustrated  by  a  Comp.arison  with  the  Typical  Characters 
of  the  Old  Testament,  Lon.,  1827,  Svo. 

"Cromliie  uses  a  copious  and  pleasing  diction,  and  manifests  a 
devout  spirit  in  the  treatment  of  the  several  subjects  which  he 
has  included  in  bis  comparison." — Lnwnd^'s's  Brit.  Lib. 

Crombie,  VVm.  The  Soul's  Progress,  Edin.,  1768,  Svo. 
Crome,  John.     Art  of   writing  Short  Hand,  Shef., 
1801.     In  (ioggerel  verse. 

Cromek,  R.  H.  1.  Reliques  of  Robert  Burns,  Lon., 
1808,  Svo.  2.  Select  Scottish  Songs,  ancient  and  modern, 
with  observations  and  notices  by  Koljcrt  Burns;  edit,  by 
R.  H.  C,  1810,  Svo.  3.  Remains  of  Nithsdale  and  Gallo- 
way, Song,  1810,  Svo. 

"  A  faithful  poi-trait  unadorned 
Of  manners  lingering  yet  in  Scotia's  vales." 
But,  unfortunately,  most  of  these  venerable  remains  were 
composed  by  Allan  Cunningham. 
Cromerty,  Earl  of.     See  Cromartie. 
Cromerty.     D.aniel's  Prophecy,  Ac.,  Edin.,  1708,  4to. 
Cromnielin,  L..     An  Essay  towards  improving  the 
Hempen  and  Flaxen  Manufac.  in  Ireland,  Dubl.,  1705,4to. 
Cronipe,  John.     Thoolog.  treatises,  1639,  '41. 
Crompton,  C.     Legal   Reports,  in  conjunction  with 
Jcrvis,  Meeson,  and  Roscoe,  1832-36. 

Crompton,  George.  Practice  in  C.  of  K.  B.  and 
C.  P..  Lon.,  17S0,  2  vols.  Svo;  3d  ed.,  1786,  2  vols.  Svo. 

"Many  of  the  cases  published  in  Crompton's  Practice  collected 
by  himself  before  he  was  at  the  bar,  were  never  intended  for  pub- 
lication,and  are  too  loose  to  be  relied  o\\."—MaTrin's  Legal  Bibl. 

New  ed.  corrected,  Ac.  by  B.  J.  Sellon,  1798,  2  vols.  Svo. 
1st  Amer.  ed.,  with  new  cases,  N.  York,  1813,  2  vols.  Svo. 
Crompton,  Hugh.  Poems,  being  a  Fardle  of  Fan- 
cies, or  a  Medley  of  Music,  stewed  in  four  Ounces  of  the 
Oyl  of  Epigrams,  Lon.,  1657,  Svo.  Pierides;  or  the  Muses' 
Mount,  1658,  Svo.  Dedicated  to  Mary,  Duchess  of  Rich- 
mond  and  Lenox,  «fcc. 

Crompton,  J.     Letters,  pub.  by  R.  Marsden. 
Crompton,  Joshua.     Genuine  Memoirs  of ;  written 
by  himself,  Lon.,  177S,  Svo. 

Crompton,  Richard.  L'authoritie  et  jurisdiction 
des  Courts  de  la  Maiestie  de  la  Roygne,  Lon.,  1594,  1637, 
4to.  See  a  list  of  Crompton's  works  in  the  Bibl.  Brit.  He 
made  large  addits.  to  Fitz  Herbert's  Justice;  therefore 
often  cited  as  Crompton's  Justice. 

"  Mr.  Crompton's  books  are  in  every  man's  hands,  which  proveth 
their  general  allowance.  A  man  may,  by  them,  iu  a  few  hours, 
gain  great  knowledge."— fuJtecfs  Stwiy  of  tlie  La\o,'i. 

Crompton,  Susan  F.  Stories  for  Sunday  Afternoons, 
Lon.,  1845,  16mo,  and  1846. 

Crompton,  William,  son  of  Richard,  ante.  1.  St 
Austin's  Religion.  2.  C.  Religion.  3.  Prayer.  4.  Serms., 
1623,  '33,  '59,  '79. 

4a 


CRO 

Cromwell,  Oliver,  the  last  male  descendant  of  "  The 
Protector."  Memoirs  of  Oliver  Cromwell,  and  of  his  Sons 
Richard  and  Henry,  with  Original  Letters  and  other  Family 
Papers,  1820,  4to;  2d  ed.,  1820,  2  vols.  8vo;  3d  ed.,  1823, 
2  vols.  8vo.  The  daughter  of  the  above  author  is  Mrs. 
Bussell  of  Cheshunt.  The  Memoirs  have  been  character- 
ized as  an  "  unbounded  panegyric."  The  reader  who 
would  peruse  both  sides  of  the  subject,  should  study  Hume, 
Clarendon's  Hist,  of  the  Rebellion,  Catherine  Macaula/s 
Hist,  of  England,  Bulstrode's  Memoirs,  Conference  at  the 
end  of  Thurloe's  State  Papers,  Ludlow's  Memoirs,  Sir 
Edward  Wallier's  Hist.  Discourses,  Sir  John  Sinclair's 
Hist,  of  the  Revenue,  Carte's,  Lingard's,  Smollett's,  Keight- 
ley's,  and  the  Pictorial,  histories  of  England,  Noble's  Me- 
moirs of  the  Cromwells,  Gumble's  Life  of  Monk,  Trial  of 
the  Regicides,  Thomas  Cromwell's  Oliver  Cromwell  and 
his  Times,  Hallam's  Constitutional  Hist,  of  England,  Car- 
lyle's  Letters  and  Speeches  of  Cromwell  with  Elucidations, 
D'Aubigne's  Protector,  Smyth's  Lectures  on  Mod.  Hist., 
T.  B.  Macaulay's  Review  of  Hallam's  Constitution  and 
Hist.,  and  M.'s  paper  on  Milton,  in  Edin.  Review.  Other 
works  might  be  mentioned,  but  we  imagine  the  reader  will 
e.xcuse  us  for  the  present.  For  a  list  of  State  papers  is- 
sued in  the  name  of  Oliver  Cromwell,  and  the  name  of 
Richard  Cromwell,  see  Watt's  Bilil.  Brit,  and  Lowndes's 
JBibl.  Manual,  where  will  also  be  found  lists  of  works  re- 
specting the  character  of  Cromwell's  administration,  and 
the  government  which  preceded  it. 

Cromwell,  Samuel.  Di.^putatio  Medica  Inauguratis 
de  Tumoribus  in  Geneve,  Lugd.  Bat.,  16S2,  4to. 

Cromwell,  Thomas.  The  Schoolboy  and  other 
Poems,  1816.  Oliver  Cromwell  and  his  Times,  Lon.,  1821, 
8vo. 

"  An  attempt  to  steer  a  middle  course  between  the  prejudiced 
represButatious  of  Hume  and  the  uubouuded  panegyrists  of  Oliver 
Cromwell." — Lowndes. 

Cronhelm,  F.  W.     Book-keeping,  1818,  4to. 

Crook,  Sir  George.     See  Croke. 

Crook,  John.  Theolog.  and  Autobiographical  works, 
1661-1706. 

Crook,  Johu.  Address  to  the  Legislature  ;  also  works 
on  the  Church,  Charity  Schools,  Ac,  1797-1813. 

Crook,  W.  Historian's  Guide,  1600-79,  Lon.,  1679, 
12mo. 

Crooke,  B.     Sermons,  Lon.,  1695,  '98,  4to. 

Crooke,  Helkiah,  M.D.     Description  of  the  Body 
of  Man,  from  the  best  authors  of  Anatiuny,  Lon.,  1615,  fol. 
53  Instruments  of  Chirurgery,  1631,  fnl. 
"Taken  principally  from  P.-ircy." — Dr. Watt. 

Crooke,  Henry.     Sermons.  1755,  8vo. 

Crooke,  Samuel,  1674-1649,  Fellow  of  Emanuel 
College,  Cambridge.     Divine  Characters,  Ac.  1619,  '58. 

Crooke,  Unton.     Letter  to  Cromwell,  1654,  4to. 

Crooke,  William.     Funeral  Serm.,  Lon.,  1670,  8vo. 

Crooks,  George  R.,  D.D.,  b.  1822.  .at  Philadelphia. 
In  connexion  with  Dr.  ]\IcClintock,  First  Latin  Boolt.  In 
connexion  with  Prof.  Schem,  Latin-English  Lexicon, 
Phila.,  1858,  large  8vo.  Highly  commended.  Ed.  Butler's 
Analogy.    Contrib.  Method.  Quar.  Rev.    See  Schem,  A.  J. 

Crookshank,  William,  D.D.,  died  1769,  minister 
of  the  Scots  Church.  Swallow  Street.  Lomlon.  1735.  Hist, 
of  the  State  and  Sufferiugs  of  the  Church  of  Scotland 
from  the  Restoration  to  the  Revolution,  Lon.,  1749,  2  vols. 
8vo:  Edin.,  1751,  2  vols.  8vo;  Glasg.,  1787,  2  vols.  12mo; 
Paisley,  1789,  2  vols.  sm.  Svo.  Chiefly  abridged  from 
Wodrow. 

Crookshanks.  Public  Debts  and  Funds,  Lon.,1718,fol. 

Crookshanks,  John.    Letter  to  R.  Kirke.  1772.  8vo. 

Croon,  or  Croune,  William,  M.D.,  d.  1684,  founder 
of  the  Croonian  Lectures,  the  first  of  which  was  delivered 
in  1738,  was  a  native  of  London,  Fellow  of  Emanuel  Col- 
lege, Cambridge,  Professor  of  Rhetoric  in  Gresham  College, 
and  Registrar  of  the  Royal  Society.  He  founded  a  course 
of  Algebraic  Lectures  in  seven  colleges  at  Cambridge,  and 
a  yearly  Anatomical  Lecture  in  the  Royal  Society.  He 
pub.  De  Ratione  Motus  Musculorum,  Lon.,  1664,  4to ; 
Amst.,  1677,  12mo.  Some  of  his  papers  will  be  found  in 
Phil.  Trans.,  and  many  remain  in  MS.  in  the  British 
Museum. 

Cropley,  Sir  John.  Letters  to  Mr.  Molesworth, 
1721,  8vo. 

Crosby,  Allen.     Exposition  of  ,St.  John,  1755,  4to. 

Crosby,  Alpheus,  born  at  Sandwich,  N.  H.,  1810, 
gradu.ated  at  Dartmouth  College,  1827.  In  1837  he  be- 
came Prof  of  the  Latin  and  Greek  Languages  and  Lite- 
rature in  Dartmouth  College,  and  1849,  Prof  Emeritus  of 
the  Greek  Language  and  Liter,ature  in  the  same  college. 
Prof.  Crosby  has  published  a  Greek  and  General  Grammar; 


'•---:£_._  CRO 

Greek  Tables;  Greek  Lessons;  An  edition  of  Xenophon's 

'  Anabasis;  First  Lessons  in  Geometry;  A  Letter  of  John 

Foster,  with  Additions;  An  Essay  on  the  Second  Advent, 

Crosby,  Howard,  b.  1826,  N.  Y.  City,  (great  grand- 
son of  Wm.  Floyd,  one  of  the  signers  of  Dec.  of  Inde- 
pendence.) Prof  Greek,  Univ.  N.  Y.  Lands  of  the  Mos- 
lem, N.  York,  1851,  Svo.  Editor  of  (Edipus  Tyrannug 
of  Sophocles. 

Crosby,  Thomas.  The  History  of  English  Baptists, 
from  the  Reformation  to  the  beginning  of  the  Reign  of 
George  I.,  Lon.,  1738-40,  4  vols.  Svo. 

This  is  considered  the  best  history  of  the  English  Bap- 
tists. The  author  tells  us  that  he  undertook  it  in  conse- 
ciuence  of  the  misrepresentations  of  the  sect  in  the  History 
of  the  Puritans  by  Neal,  who  had  summed  up  its  history 
in  so  small  a  compass  as ^le^ayes.  The  MS.  from  which 
these  four  vols,  are  compiled,  was  drawn  up  by  Benjamin 
Stinson,  and  was  "  in  the  possession  of  the  author  of  the 
History  of  the  Puritans  for  some  years." 

Bishop  Burnet  says  of  the  English  Baptists  that  "  they 
were  generally  men  of  virtue,  and  of  an  universal  charity." 

Crosby,  Thomas.  1.  Key.  2.  Builder's  Book, 
1797,  Ac. 

Crosfeild,  Robert.  Treatises  on  Polit,  Econ.,  1692- 
1704. 

"  The  author  alludes  to  many  publick  corruptions,  and  proposes 
schemes  by  which  great  savings  to  the  nation  might  be  accom- 
plishfd." 

Crosfield,  Miss  A.  Hist,  of  Northallerton,  Northall.. 
1791,  Svo. 

Crosfield,  Geo.    Kalendar  of  Flora,  Lon.,  1810,  Svo. 

Crosfield,  R.  J.,  M.D.    The  Scurvy,  Lon.,  1797,  Svo. 

Crosland,  Mrs.  Newton,  late  Camilla  Toulmin, 
b.  in  L'-ndon.  Lays  and  Legends  of  English  Life,  Lon., 
4to.  Partners  for  Life,  12mo.  Little  Berlin  AVool-Worker, 
16mo.  Poems,  12mo.  Stratagems,  1849,  square.  Toil 
and  Tri.al,  1849,  p.  Svo.  Ditto,  and  Double  Claim,  by  Her- 
vey,  1851,  square.  Talcs,  16mo.  Lydia;  a  Woman's 
Book,  1852,  12mo.     The  Young  Lord,  1849,  18mo. 

"  She  is  a  moi-alist,  who  draws  truths  from  sorrow  with  the  band 
of  a  master,  and  depicts  the  miseries  of  mankind  only  that  she 
may  improve  Ib.-ir  condition." — BdVs  WeeJdtf  Messenger. 

Crosley,  David.     Sermon,  Lon.,  1691,  4to. 

Crosley,  II.     Law  of  Wills,  pt.  1,  Lon.,  182S,  Svo. 

Cross,  J'ras.  De  Febre  Intermittente,  Oxon.,  166S, 
12mo. 

Cross,  James  C.  The  Apparition ;  a  Musical  Dra- 
matic Romance,  ilfcc,  1794-1809.  See  a  list  of  his  dram, 
pieces  in  Biog.  Dramat. 

Cross,John.  Cash  Tables  for  Duties,  Newc,  1779,  Svo. 

Cross,  John.     Law  of  Lien,  Ac,  Lon.,  1840,  Svo. 

Cross,  John,  M.D.   Profess,  treatises,  Glasg.,  1815-19. 

Cross,  Joseph,  D.D.,  b.  1813.  Brent,  Somersetshire, 
Eng..  came  to  U.S.  at  the  age  of  12,  and  commenced  the 
ministry  at  16.  1.  Life  and  Sermons  of  Christmas  Evans; 
from  the  Welsh,  Svo.  2.  Headlands  of  Faith,  12mo.  3. 
The  Hebrew  Missionary,  18mo.  4.  Pisgah  Views  of  the 
Promised  Inheritance.  5.  A  Year  in  Europe.  6.  Prelec- 
tions on  Charity.  Ed.  Portraiture  and  Pcncillings  of  Mrs. 
L.  A.  L.  Cross.  Contrib.  Southern  Methodist  Quar.  Rev., 
Home  Circle,  Ac. 

Cross,  Nicholas.  The  Cynosura,  Lon.,  1670,  fol. 
Serm.  on  Ps.  Ixxxiii.  5  ;  see  Catholick  Serms.,  ii.  123. 

Cross,  Peter  Brady.  Laws  and  Constitutions  of 
England.  Lon.,  1797,  8vo.  Peace  or  War,  which  is  the  best 
Policy  ?  1800,  Svo. 

Cross,  Walter,  d.  1701?  Exposition  on  Rom.  iv.  1,2, 
Lon.,  1693,  '94,  4to.  Serms.,  1695,  '97,  4to.  The  Tagh- 
mical  Art:  or  the  Art  of  Expounding  Scripture  by  the 
Points  usually  called  Accents,  Lon.,  1(598,  Svo. 

'•  Wiitten  with  j^reat  abundance  of  confidence,  and  vast  lack  of 
intellisence.  The  whole  system  is  baseless,  visionary,  and  useless. 
The  rhetorical  rules  for  the  use  of  the  learner  are  in  verse ;  of  which 
take  the  Ibllowinj^  specimen : 

'  SiUuk-  the  sentence  and  the  verse  doth  end; 
Atnacli  in  two  divides,  aud  so  attends; 
SegoUa  three  will  have,  or  not  appear; 
MercDiali  in  verse  doth  to  them  both  come  near ; 
Inferior  game  Keh.  geraschaU  doth  play. 
Because  as  vicar  he  comes  in  the  way ! !' " — Orme  :  Bihl.  Bib. 

Cross,  Wm.     Portions  of  the  Psalms,  Oxf,  1801, 12mo. 

Crosse, Henry.  Virtue  Commonwealth  ;  or  the  High- 
way to  Honour,  Ac,  Lon.,  1603,  4to.  Qordounstoun  sale, 
633,  £4. 

Crosse,  John.     Sermons,  Ac,  1693,  '94,  '95,  4to. 

Crosse,  Peter?  Power  of  Friendship;  a  Poetical 
Epistle,  1785,  4to. 

Crosse,  R.  S.     Concio  in  1  Cor.  ii.  14,  Oxf,  1655. 

Crosse,  Wm.  Continuation  of  tJrimeston's  Hist,  of 
the  Netherlands,  1603-27,  Lon.,  1627,  foL 


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CRO 


Crosse,  Wm.  A  Brief  Treatise  of  the  Eyes,  Lou., 
1708,  8vo. 

Crosse,  Wm.     Serm.  on  Heb.  i.  14,  Lon.,  1713,  8vo. 

Crossiuge,  Richard.      Sermons,  171S.  '2",  '22,  '32. 

Crosslcy,  Aaron.  Peerage  of  Ireland,  Dubl.,  1725,  fol. 

Crossley,  J.  T.  Edueational  works,  Lun.,  12,  IS, 
and  24uio. 

Crossmaii,F.G.  Course  of  Prayer,  Lon.,  1824, 12mo. 

Crossnian,  Henry.     Serins. ,  Ae..  1758-1816. 

Crossman,  Samuel.     Sermons,  1680,  '82,  '86. 

Crosswell,  Wm.  Tables  fur  Longitude,  Bost.,  1791, 
8vo. 

Crosthwaite,  Charles.  Synchronology,  being  a 
Treatise  on  History,  Chronology,  and  Mythology,  Oxf., 
18.39,  8vo. 

"  Useful  information." — Bickersteth. 

Crosthwaite,  J.  C,  Rector  of  St.  Mary-at-HiU. 
Maps  illustrating  the  Journeys  of  Christ  and  of  St.  Paul, 
Lon.,  18.10. 

'•  A  useful  supplement  to  the  Atlases  to  the  Bible,  hitherto  pub- 
lished."— /."77.  Chris.  Rtnii^mhninctr, 

1.  The  Christian  Ministry.     2.   Discourses,  1835,  8vo. 

"  Very  strongly  recommended  to  .ill  lovers  of  vitiornus  thought, 
sound  principles,  and  curious  and  accurate  information." — British 
Maganru. 

Serms.,  1840,  12mo.  Daily  Communion,  1841,  18mo. 
Modern  Hagiology,  1846,  2  vols.  12mo. 

Crosthwaite,  John.  Pendulums;  in  Trans.  Irish 
Acad.,  1788. 

Croswell,  Andrew,  minister  in  Boston,  Mass.,  died 
1785,  aged  76.     Theolog.  treatises,  1746,  '68,  '71. 

Croswell,  EdAvin,  a  native  of  Catskill,  New  York, 
editor  of  the  Albany  Argus,  has  pub.  a  number  of  Addresses, 
»tc.,  and  is  said  to  be  preparing  Sketches  and  Anecdotes 
of  Men  and  Events  of  his  Time. 

Croswell,  Rev.  Harry,  father  of  the  Rev.  Wm. 
Croswell.  at  one  time  a  leading  political  editor  at  Hudson 
and  Albany,  N.Y.  1.  Rudiments  of  the  Church.  2.  Family 
Prayers,  New  Haven,  8vo  and  12mo;  new  ed.,  revised,  N.Y., 
1857,  12mo. 

Croswell,  Rev.  William,  1S04-1S51.  b.  at  Hudson, 
N.Y.,  son  of  the  preceding;  grad.  at  Yale  C"ll.,  1822; 
Rector  of  Christ  Church.  Boston,  1829-40:  St.  Peter's 
Church,  Auburn,  N.Y.,  1S40-U;  Rector  of  Church  of  the 
Advent,  Boston,  1844-51.  See  specimens  of  his  poetry, 
&c.  in  Duyckincks'  Cyc.  of  Amer.  Lit..  Griswold's  Poets 
and  Poetry  of  America,  and  Memoirs  by  his  Father,  N.Y., 
1853,  8vo. 

Crotch,  Wm.,  Mus.  Doc.  Elements  of  Musical  Com- 
position, 1812,  4to.  Styles  of  Music,  1812,  3  vols.  fol. 
Substance  of  Lectures  on  Music,  8vo. 

"  A  very  popular  and  pleasant  work." — Westminster  Review. 

Crouch,  Edwin  A.  An  English  edit,  of  Lamarck's 
Conchology,  Lon.,  1827,  r.  4to. 

"  We  can  strongly  recommend  it  to  all  those  who  feel  interested 
in  this  department  of  natural  history." — Lon.  Literary  Gazette. 

Crouch,  Henry.  British  Customs,  Lon.,  1724-28,  Svo. 
Guide  to  the  Officers  of  the  Customs,  1732,  fol. 

Crouch, Humphrey.  Parliament  of  Graces,  1642,4to. 

Crouch,  John.     Muses'  .Joy.  &.C.,  Lon.,  1657-66. 

Crouch,  Nathaniel.     See  Burton,  Robert. 

Crouch,  Wm.     Posthuma  Christiana,  Lon.,  1712, 8vo. 

Crouleus,  Robert.     See  Crowley. 
■  Croiiue,  Wm.     See  Croon. 

Crow,  Rev.  Francis,  died  1692.  "V^anity  and  Im- 
piety of  Judicial  Astrology,  1690,  8vo.  Mensalia  Sacra, 
169.3,  8vo. 

Crow,  or  Crowe,  SirSackville.  His  Cose  as  it  now 
stands,  with  his  request  to  the  Parliament,  Lon.,  1652,  4to, 

Crowe,  Anna  Mary.  Case  in  Chancery.  1806.  8vo. 
Letter  to  Dr.  Willis  on  Private  M.ad  Houses,  1811,  8vo. 

Crowe,  Mrs.  Catherine,  whose  maiden  name  was 
Stevens,  is  a  native  of  Borough  Green,  county  of  Kent, 
England.  She  married  Lt.-Col.  Crowe,  Royal  Army.  Light 
and  Darkness;  or.  Mysteries  of  Life,  Lon.,  1850,  3  vols. 
p.  8vo.  Men  and  Women,  1843.  3  vols.  p.  8vo.  Pippie's 
Warning,  1848,  16mo.  Aristoderaus  :  a  Tragedy.  Susan 
Hopley,  1841,  3  vols.  p.  8vo.  Lilly  Dawson,  1847,  2  vols. 
12mo. 

*'  A  novel  of  rare  merit." — Lon.  Mi^ssenger. 

"  .\  creation  worthy  of  Scott." — Jolin  Bttll. 

Adventures  of  a  Beauty.  1852,  3  vols.  p.  8vo.  The  Night 
Side  of  Nature,  1848,  2  vols.  12mo. 

*'It  .shows  that  the  whole  dov-trijie  of  spirits  is  worthy  of  the 
most  serious  attention." — Lon.  AVu-riteum. 

Crowe,  Eyre  Evans.  The  English  in  Italy  and 
France.  To-Day  in  Ireland.  Tales,  1825,  3  vols.  p.  8vo. 
Yesterday  in  Ireland.  Tales,  1829,  3  vols.  p.  8vo.  Hist, 
of  France,  1830-44,  3  vols.  p.  Svo. 


Crowe,  Rev.  Henry.  Zoophilos;  or  Considerations 
on  the  Moral  Treatment  of  Inferior  Animals,  3d  ed.,  Bath, 
1822,  12mo. 

Crowe,  Wm.  Catalogue  of  Eng.  Writers  on  the  Old 
and  New  Testaments,  2d  ed.,  Lon.,  1668,  12mo. 

Elenchus  Scriptorum  in  Sacrara  Scripturam  tarn  Grfeco- 
mm  quam  Latinorum  in  quo  exhibentureorum  gens,  i>atria, 
professio,  religio :  liborum  tituli,  volumnia,  editiones  variae, 
Londini,  1672,  8vo. 

The  compiler  actually  arranges  his  author.s  under  their 
Christian  names !  Of  the  whims  of  book-makers  there  is 
no  end ! 

Crowe,  Wm.,  DD.    Serms.,  4c.,  Lon.,  1720-44. 

Crowe,  Wm.  Serms.  and  Orations,  1781,  '88,  1800. 
Lewesdon  Hill;  a  Poem,  Lon.,  1786,  '88,  1804,  4to. 

'*  A  poem  of  very  considerable  merit." — Lowndes. 

Treatise  on  English  Versification,  1827.  p.  8vo. 

Crowell,  William,  born  1806,  at  Middlefield,  Mass. 
Church  Member's  Manual,  12mo,  2d  ed.,  1852.  Church 
Member's  Hand  Book,  1851.  Also  many  Sunday  School 
Books.     Ed.  Christian  Watchman,  1838-48. 

Crowfoot,  Wm.  Observ.  on  Apojjlexy,  Lon.,  1801,  Svo. 

Crowley,  John.  Thoughts  on  theEmancipatiou  of 
the  Roman  Catholics,  1811,  8vo, 

Crowley,  Robert,  d.  1588,  a  divine,  poet,  bookseller, 
and  printer,  was  educated  at,  and  became  Fellow  of,  Mag- 
dalen College,  0.xford.  He  was  made  Archdeacon  of  Here- 
ford, and  in  1558  was  collated  to  a  prebend  at  St.  Paul's, 
London.  In  1550  he  pub.  the  1st  ed.  of  Piers  Plowman's 
Vision,  and  with  the  same  design — to  expose  the  vices  and 
follies  of  the  age — he  put  forth  31  Epigrams.  For  a  list 
of  his  works  and  notices  of  them,  see  Strype's  Life  of  Par- 
ker and  his  Memorials  ;  Tanner  and  Bale;  Bliss's  Wood's 
Athen.  Oxon.;  Warton's  Hist.  Eng.  Poetry;  Watt's  Bibb 
Brit, ;  Dibdin's  Typ.  Antiq. ;  and  Lowndes's  Bibl.  Man. 

Crowley,  Thos.    Life  of  M.  de  la  Sarre,  1751,  12mo. 

Crowley,  Thomas.     Payment  of  Tithes,  1776,  8vo. 

Crowne,  or  Crown,  John,  a  native  of  Nova  Scotja, 
obtained  considerable  notoriety  at  the  court  of  Charles  IL 
as  a  writer  of  plays,  18  of  which  are  enumerated  in  the 
Biog.  Dramat.  Of  these.  The  Destruction  of  Jerusalem, 
1677,  4to,  and  City  Politiques,  1675,  4to,  seem  to  have  been 
among  the  best.  He  also  wrote  Pandion  and  Amphigenia, 
1665,  Svo,  and  Daeneids,  1672,  4to,  and  trans.  Boileau's 
Lutrin. 

"  He  may  assxu-edly  be  allowed  to  stand  at  least  in  the  third  ranla 
of  our  dramatic  writers." — Biog.  Dramat. 

Crowne,  Wm.  Travels  of  the  Lord  Howard,  Lon., 
1637,  4to.  Condemned,  as  abounding  in  errors  and  imper- 
fections. 

Crownfield,  Henry.     On  the  Scriptures,  1752,  Svo. 

Crowquill,  Alfred,  (Alfred  Henry  Forrester,) 
b.  1806,  brought  up  to  hisfathcr'sprofessionof  Public  Notary 
at  the  North  Gate  of  the  London  Royal  Exchange,  where  his 
family  had  practised  the  same  prolession  for  a  century  be- 
fore. Commenced  his  literary  career  at  the  age  of  15,  by 
a  swarm  of  papers  in  various  monthly  publications  of  the 
period.  At  the  age  of  20  practised  drawing,  with  a  de- 
termination to  illustrate  his  own  works,  pub.  Leaves  from 
his  Memorandum-Book, — a  volume  of  comic  prose  and 
verse  illustrated  by  himself,  and  various  caricatures  in  the 
fashion  of  the  day.  In  the  same  year  he  published  Ec«en- 
tric  Tales,  1  vol.  Svo,  illustrated  by  himself.  In  1828  he 
was  solicited  by  Mr.  Colburn  to  join  the  celebrated  clique 
of  authors  then  engaged  to  produce  the  Humorist  papers 
in  his  Magazine, — Theodore  Jl.mk,  Benjamin  Disraeli,  and 
a  host  of  others.  He  wrote  the  Humorist's  introduction. 
He  left  this  Magazine  to  join  Bentley's  celebrated  Mis- 
cellany, with  Dickens,  Father  Prout,  "Tom  Ingoldsby,  Dr. 
Maginn,  Ac.  He  was  also  the  first  illustrator  of  Punch 
and  of  the  Illustrated  News.  An  exhibitor  of  large  pen- 
and-ink  drawings  at  the  Royal  Academy.  Painter  in  oil, 
from  which  many  engravings  were  published.  Designer 
and  modeller.  He  designed  the  statuette  of  the  Duke  of 
Wellington  produced  a  fortnight  before  the  duke's  death, 
which  he  presented  to  her  Majesty  and  the  allied  sovereigns. 
The  Wanderings  of  a  Pen  and  Pencil;  a  large  antiquarian 
book  profusely  illustrated.  Comic  English  Grammar. 
Comic  Arithmetic.  Phantasmagoria  of  Fun,  2  vols.  Svo. 
Bentley  Fun.  A  Bundle  of  Crowquills.  Magic  and 
Meaning  It,  1  vol.  Scrap  Books,  innumerable.  Railway 
Raillery.  St.  George  and  the  Dragon,  <ic.  Gold ;  a  Poem, 
illustrated  with  twelve  outlines,  large  4to.  Absurdities, 
Svo.  Reproof  of  the  Brutes,  Careless  Chicken,  and  many 
vols,  of  Fairy  Tales.  Engraver  on  steel,  stone,  copper, 
and  wood.  Picture  Fables;  new  ed.,  1855,  4to.  Little 
Pilgrim,  1856,  4to. 


CRO 


CRU 


Crowslcy,  John.  Good  Husband's  Jewel,  1651, 12mo. 
Crowtlier,  Bryau,SurgeoD.  Profess,  treatises,  1797- 
1811. 

C'rowther,  J.     Dissertation  on  Acts  xvii.  30,  Lon., 

1822.  8v(.. 

CroAVther,  P.  W.    Law  of  Arrest,  Ac,  Lon.,  1828,  8vo. 

C'rowther,  S,     Sermon,  Lon.,  1814,  4to. 

Crowther,  S.  Grammar  of  the  Yoruba  Language, 
Lou.,  1852,  8vo;  Vocabulary  of  do.,  %vith  Introduc.  by  Rev. 
Mr.  Vidal,  1852,  8vo. 

"  It  proves  that  a  whole  African  race,  numbering  3,000,000.  ex- 
ists, possessing  a  language  highly  refined  and  developed." — Lon. 
Timrs. 

Croxall,  Samuel,  D.D.,  died  1752,  educated  at  St. 
John's  College,  Cambridge.  Arobdeaoou  of  Salop,  &c.  The 
Fair  Circassian,  Lon.,  1720,  4to;  later  edits,  in  12mo. 
Fables  of  JEsop  and  others,  trans,  into  English,  1722.  Very 
popular.  Serms.,  1715-41.  Scripture  Politics,  1735,  Svo. 
He  also  wrute  some  poems,  and  edited  the  collection  of  Se- 
lect Novels  and  Histories,  from  the  French,  Italian,  and 
Spanish,  printed  for  Watts,  Lon.,  1729.  6  vols.  ]2mo.  There 
was  no  WLiut  of  variety  in  Croxall's  literary  pursuits. 

Cruden.  Complete  Family  Bible,  with  Notes,  Lon., 
1770,  2  vols.  fol. 

"An  imlifterently-execiited  commentary." — HoRNE. 

This  is  not  the  publication  of  Alexander  Cruden. 

Cruden,  Alexander,  1701-1770,  a  native  of  Aber- 
deen, educated  at  Marischal  College,  designed  entering  the 
Church,  but  was  prevented  by  symptoms  of  insanity.  In 
1732  he  settled  in  London  as  a  permanent  residence, 
opened  a  bookstore,  and  became  a  corrector  to  the  press. 
He  styled  himself  Alexander  the  Corrector.  In  1733  he 
commenced  the  preparation  of  his  Concordance  to  the  Holy 
Scriptures,  and  laboured  with  such  industry  in  the  inter- 
vals of  business,  that  he  was  able  to  put  it  to  press  in 
1737,  4to;  2d  od.,  1761,  4to;  3d  ed.,  with  improvements, 
1769,  4to  ;  6th  ed.,  with  Life,  by  Alex.  Chalmers,  1812,  4to; 
loth  ed.,  1824,  r.  8vo.  The  editor  of  this  last  ed.  hopes 
that  bis  "  extraordinary  care  will  obtain  for  this  edition 
the  high  recommendation  of  being  the  most  correct  edi- 
tion OF  Cruden's  Concordance  ever  published."  But 
alas!  for  the  hope  of  faultless  typography!  The  editor 
of  the  Phila.  reprint  of  1830  professes  to  have  discovered 
(and  corrected)  in  this  immaculate  edition,  no  less  than 
TEN  THOUSAND  ERRORS  in  the  references,  which  had  escaped 
the  eye  of  the  London  editor ! 

Of  Cruden's  Concordance,  there  have  been  many  abridg- 
ments, which  profess  to  contain  all  that  is  valuable  in  the 
original,  which  makes  us  marvel  at  the  stupidity  of  the 
author,  who  devoted  so  many  days  and  nights  to  accumu- 
late what  we  are  now  assured  is  entirely  superfluous  !  Yet 
being  old-fashioned  in  our  ideas,  we  rather  prefer  having 
every  line  of  this  unnecessary  matter. 

The  late  Rev.  Thos.  Scott,  author  of  the  Commentary, 
partially  prepared  a  new  Concordance  to  the  Bible.  See 
his  Life  by  his  son.     Mr.  Scott  remarks  that 

"  The  errors  and  deficiencies  in  Crudeu  are  tenfold  more  than 
are  generally  suspected." 

But,  on  the  other  hand,  Dr.  Williams  declares  that 
*'  It  is  so  complete  as  a  Concordance  that  nothing  remains  mate- 
rially deficient." — ''lirisH-in  Preacher. 

"It  is  not  unlikely  tli;it  Cruden,  corrected  and  improved,  will 
still  retain  bis  pla^e  in  Eii^'lish  litorature." — Orme  :  Bibl.  Bib. 

"  Cruden's  Concordance,  or  a  similar  work,  is  indispensable  to 
ministers." 

"  Cruden's  Concordance  should  be  in  everybody's  library.  It  is 
uncommrinly  complete,  the  definitions  of  leading  words  remark- 
ably accurate,  and  the  references  exceedingly  correct." — Lowndes. 

Cruden  also  wrote  An  Account  of  the  History  and  Ex- 
cellency of  the  Holy  Scriptures,  prefixed  to  a  Compendium 
of  the  Holy  Bible;  A  Scripture  Dictionary;  an  Index  to 
Bp.  Newton's  edit,  of  Milton  ;  The  History  of  Richard  Pot- 
ter, and  sundry  pieces  under  the  names  of  The  London 
Citizen  and  Alexander  the  Corrector. 

We  notice  with  commendation  Wm.  Youngman*s  edit, 
of  Cruden's  Concordance,  with  a  Compendium  of  the  Bible, 
and  a  Brief  Account  of  its  History  and  Excellence,  to 
which  is  added  a  Sketch  of  the  Life  of  the  Author. 

Crudeu,  John.  Address  to  the  loyal  part  of  the 
Brit.  Empire,  and  the  friends  of  Monarchy  throughout 
the  Gluhc,  Svo. 

Cruden,  R.  P.  Obser.  upon  Municipal  Bodies  in 
Eng.  and  Wales,  1826,  Svo.  Hist,  of  Gravesend  and  Port 
of  London,  1844,  r.  Svo. 

'"This  volume  contains  a  complete  history  of  the  Thames  and 
all  that  IS  connected  with  it,  its  Docks  and  Arsenals,  and  the  great 
bintorieal  scenes  that  have  been  witnessed  on  its  shores,  added  to 
an  immense  amount  of  curious  information  relating  to  the  early 
history  and  progress  of  the  navy,  interesting  alike  to  the  antiquary 
and  political  ecouomist." 
456 


Cruickshank,  Brodic,  Eighteen  Years  in  the  Gold 
Coast  of  Africa,  Lioi.,  1S53,  2  vols. 

'"One  of  the  most  interesting  books  that  ever  came  into  our 
hands." — Lot).  S((tni.lovfl. 

"It  will  give  a  fresh  impulse  to  the  efforts  of  philanthropy  and 
religion." — Jnhn  Bull. 

Cruickshunk,  Thos.     Practical  Planter,  Lon.,  Svo. 

Cniikshank,  Geo,     Salt  Duties,  17:34-45,  3  vols.  fol. 

Cniikshank,  George,  born  in  London  about  1794, 
has  attained  great  celebrity  as  an  artist  of  rare  talents, 
both  in  humour  and  pathos.  An  interesting  account 
of  his  labours  will  be  found  in  Men  of  the  Time,  Lon. 
1853,  ISmo,  also  in  Lon.  Juur.,  1S47,  by  Dr.  Mackenzie; 
Westm.  Rev.,  1840  ;  Knight's  Eng.  Cyc,  vol.  ii.,  Div.  Biog. 

Cruikshauk,  Jas.  Treat,  on  Polit.  Econ.,  1811,  Svo. 

Cruikshauk,  Robert,  brother  of  George  Cruikshank. 
Facetiie;  being  a  Cullection  of  all  the  Humorous  Jeux- 
d'Esprit  which  have  been  illustrated  by  R.  C.,  Lon.,  2  vols. 
These  vols,  comprise  all,  from  Monsieur  Tonson  to  Margate, 

Cruikshank,  Wui.,  1745-lSOO,  an  eminent  surgeon 
and  anatomist,  was  a  native  of  Edinburgh,  and  succes- 
sively a  pupil,  assistant,  and  partner  of  the  celebrated  Dr. 
Hunter.  The  publication  of  his  Anatomy  of  the  Absorbent 
Vessels,  in  1786,  4to,  secured  him  immediate  reputation," 
2d  ed.,  1790,  4to.  He  had  previously  pub.  treatises  on 
Absorption  and  Respiration,  1779,  Svo.  Some  of  his  pa- 
pers were  pub.  in  Phil.  Trans  and  Nic.  Jour.  See  Watt's 
Bibl.  Brit. 

Cruise,  Major  Richard  A.,  Royal  Army.  Jour 
nal  of  a  Ten  Months'  Residence  in  New  Zealand,  Lon., 
1823,  Svo.  Contains  much  information  respecting  the 
productions  of  New  Zealand,  and  the  manners,  religion, 
and  character  of  the  natives. 

Cruise,  Wm,  Fines  and  Recoveries,  3d  ed.,  Lon., 
1794,  2  vols.  Svo.  Modelled  upon  Pearne's  Contingent 
Remainders.  Essay  on  Uses,  1795,  Svo.  Digest  of  the 
Laws  of  England  respecting  Real  Property,  Lon.,  1804-07, 
7  vols. Svo;  4th  ed.,  by  H.H.White,  1835,  7  vols.  Svo; 
5th  Amer.  from  the  4th  Loudon  ed.,  revised,  enlarged,  and 
adapted  to  American  Practice,  by  Simon  Greenleaf,  LL.D., 
Royall  Prof,  of  Law  in  Harvard  Univ.,  Boston,  1849,  '50, 
3  vols.  Svo. 

"  We  are  sure  that  Mr.  Greenleaf  could  have  performed  no  task 
which  would  be  more  generally  acceptalile.  than  this  very  one  of 
winnowing  the  chaff  fmm  the  wheat.  It  has  been  performed  in  a 
manner  which  will  do  justice  to  his  eminent  reputation.  No  work 
which  has  appeared  for  a  long  time  will  be  more  valuable  to  stu- 
dents, or  to  the  profession  generally." — Law  Jtepoi'ter. 

Principles  of  Conveyancing,  Lon.,  1808,  6  vols.  8vo- 
Origin  and  Nature  of  Dignities  or  Titles  of  Honour,  Lon., 
1810,  Svo  ;  2d  ed.,  1823,  r.  Svo. 

"  Mr.  Cruise's  book  is  an  extremely  useful  book  of  reference." — 
Lord  Kedesdale. 

"  With  as  little  erroneous  matter  as  might  be  expected  in  a  book 
of  that  description." — Sir  Anthony  Hart. 

CruU,  Jodocus,  M.D.  Antient  and  Present  State 
of  Muscovy,  Lon.,  1698.  2  vols.  Svo.  Continuation  of 
Puffondorf's  Introduc.  to  Hist  of  Europe,  1705,  Svo.  An- 
tiquities of  St.  Peter  in  the  Abbey  Oh.  of  Westminster, 
1711,  Svo;   1722,  2  vols.  Svo. 

Crump,  J.     Protection  of  Brit.  Commerce,  1812, 

Crump,  John,  became  minister  at  Maidstone  about 
1653,  ejected  for  Nonconformity,  1662.  The  Great  Sup- 
per, 1669,  sm.  Svo. 

Crump,  W,  II.,  a  native  of  England,  has  been  for 
many  years  settled  in  Philadelphia,  where  he  is  one  of  the 
most  popular  and  intelligent  members  of  the  periodical 
press.  The  World  in  a  Pocket  Book,  or  Universal  Popu- 
lar Statistics,  Phila.,  1841,  24mo.  Eighth  ed.,  greatly 
enlarged  and  improved,  with  the  addition  of  Part  2,  1858, 
12mo,  pp.  446. 

Crumpe,  Saml.,  M.D.,  of  Limerick,  Ireland.  Opium, 
Lon.,  1793,  Svo.  Essay  on  the  Means  of  Providing  Em- 
ployment for  the  People,  Lon.,  1793;  2d  ed.,  1795,  Svo. 
The  prize  proposed  by  the  Royal  Irish  Academy  was  ob- 
tained by  this  essay. 

"  A  really  valuable  publication.  . . .  The  principles  which  pervade 
the  work  are  sound ;  and  those  parts  of  it  which  have  special  refer- 
ence to  Ireland  are  distinguished  by  the  absence  of  prejudice  and 
by  their  practical  good  sense."— McCulloch  :  Lit.  of  poUt.  Econ. 

Crumpe,  Thomas.     Orthography,  Lon.,  1712,  12mo. 

Cruse,  Peter  IIoH'man,  1793-1832,  a  native  of  Bal- 
timore, contributed  largely  to  the  Reviews,  and  was  ibr 
several  years  editor  of  the  Baltimore  American.  Some 
of  his  poetry  will  be  found  in  The  Red  Book,  a  periodical 
pub.  in  Baltimore  1818-19,  by  Mr.  Cruse  and  John  P.  Ken- 
nedy, a  favourite  American  author. 

Crusio,  Cato,  M.D.    Skin  Disease,  Phil.  Trans.,  1754, 

Crusius,  tewis.  Roman  Poets,  Lon.,  1733,  '53,  2 
vols.  12mo. 


CRU 


CUF 


Criiso,  Joh.  Castremetion,  or  the  measuring  out  the 
quarters  for  the  Encamping  of  on  Army,  Lon.,  1642,  4to. 
Medioamentorum  Thesaurus,  1701,  8vo;  in  English,  with 
Annotations,  Glossary,  and  Index,  1771,  ]3mo. 

Cruso,  Timothy,  1657?-1697,  a  Dissenting  divine. 
Serms.  1688,  '89,  &c.  Three  vols,  of  Discourses,  1697,  '98, 
*99,  sm.  8vo. 

"  Superior  sermons  for  matter.  Cruso's  works  might  he  advan- 
tageously reprinted." — Bickersteth. 

Crutchley,  John.  Agricult.  of  the  County  of  Rut- 
land, Lon.,  1795,  4to.     See  Donaldson's  Agricult.  Biog. 

Cruttenden,  David  H.,  b.  1816,  Saratoga  co.,  N.Y.; 
grad.  Union  Coll.,  1841.  Author  of  a  series  of  Systematic 
Arithmetics;  Philosophy  of  Sentential  Language;  Geo- 
graphy and  History  Combined,  &c. 

Cruttenden,  Jos.     AVounded  Seamen,  &c.,  1780,  4to. 

Cruttenden,  R.     His  Experience,  Lon.,  1744,  8vo. 

Cruttwell,  C.,  Surgeon.  Professional  treatise,  Bath, 
1778,  12mo. 

Cruttwell,  Rd.     Treatise  on  Currency,  Lon.,  8vo. 

Crutwell,  Rev.  Clement.  The  Scripture  Har- 
mony, or  Concordance  of  Parallels,  Lon.,  1790,  4to. 

"This  is  a  very  elaborate  work,  and  will  amply  repay  the  labour 
of  consultiug:  though  the  parallelisms  are  not  always  to  be  traced, 
and  are  sometimes  veiy  fanciful.  But  for  this  the  industrious  au- 
thor is  not  to  be  censured,  as  he  everywhere  cites  his  authorities, 
which  are  very  numerous.'' — H»7-Hfi^s  Introrhiction. 

Crutwell  pub.  an  edit,  of  the  Bible  in  1785,  3  vols.  4to, 
witb  the  notes  of  Bishop  Wilson,  of  Sodor  and  Man.  A 
Gazetteer  of  France,  179.3,  3  vols.  12mo;  of  the  Nether- 
lands, 1794,  8vo.  Universal  Gazetteer,  1798,  3  vols.  4to . 
1808,  4  vols.  8vo.  Superseded  by  later  works.  Tour 
through  Great  Britain,  1801,  6  vols.  8vo.  Life  of  Bishop 
Wilson,  4tn. 

Crutwell,  Richd.     Funeral  Discourse,  1809. 

Cruwys,  H.  S.  Archetype  of  the  Septuagint,  1773, 8vo. 

Crymes,  Thomas,  alias  Graham.  Carniina  Pro- 
gymnastica.  Lon.,  1654,  Svo.     Roxburghe,  2803.  £3  lis. 

Cubitt,  George.  Scriptural  Expositions,  Lon.,  1844, 
ISmo.  Parables,  1840,  ISmo.  Sketches  and  Skeletons 
of  Sermons,  ISmo. 

Cudmore,  Daniel.     Sacred  Poems,  Lon.,  1655,  8vo. 

"Written  iu  a  great  variety  of  measure,  and  several  of  them 
have  peculiar  merit,  mingled  with  much  quaintness." — Lowndes. 

History  of  Joseph,  a  Poem,  1652,  4to. 

Cudworth,  John.  Fides  Eccl.  Anglic,  Ac,  Oxon., 
1688,  fol. 

Cudworth,  Ralph,  1617-1688,  a  native  of  Aller, 
Somersetshire,  where  his  father  was  rector,  was  educated 
at  Emanuel  College,  Cambridge,  of  which  he  became  a 
Fellow  and  Tutor;  Rector  of  North  Cadbury.  1641; 
Master  of  Clare  Hall,  1644  ;  Prof.  of.  Hebrew,  1645 ;  Mas- 
ter of  Christ's  College.  1654 ;  Vicar  of  Ashwcll,  Hertford- 
shire, 1662;  Prebendary  of  Gloucester,  1678.  The  Lord's 
Supper,  with  t\vo  Sermons  on  the  Union  of  Christ  and  the 
Church  in  a  Shadow,  Lon.,  1642,  Svo.  Cudworth's  hypo- 
thesis is  that  the  Supper  is  a  Feast  upon  a  Sacrifice.  This 
opinion  was  revived  by  Bishops  AVarburton  and  Cleaver, 
Dr.  Worthington  and  Mr.  Willets,  and  opposed  by  Dr. 
Bell  and  others. 

"Cudworth's  notion  was  adopted  by  many  able  writers,  hut 
they  do  not  appear  to  the  author  to  have  proved  that  the  supposed 
view  was  intended  liy  our  Lord."— Bickeesteth  :  Chris.  Student. 

Two  Sermons,  1647,  4to.  In  1678  he  pub.  his  celebrated 
work.  The  True  Intellectual  System  of  the  Universe; 
wherein  the  Reason  and  Philosophy  of  Atheism  is  confuted ; 
fob;  2d  e"d.,  with  Life  of  the  author  by  Birch,  1733,2  vols. 
4to.  Abridgt.  of  1st  ed..  1706,  2  vols.  4to.  by  Rev.  Thomas 
Wise.  In  Latin,  by  Mosheim ;  Jente,  173*3,  2  vols.  fol. ; 
with  improvements,  Leyden,  1773,  2  vols.  4to. 

"  The  Latin  translation  hy  Professor  Mosheim  is  greatly  to  be 
preferred  to  the  English  oritj;inal,  not  only  for  its  purity  and  ele- 
gance, but  also  for  its  great  abundance  and  excellence  of  learned 
notes." — Bisnop  Warburton. 

Cudworth  did  not  complete  his  whole  design  in  the  In- 
tellectual System,  but  was  discouraged  from  publishing 
any  thing  further  by  the  misrepresentations  to  which  his 
learned  labours  were  subjected.  He  left  several  MSS., 
which  appear  to  have  been  intended  as  a  continuation  of 
his  design.  One  of  these,  A  Treatise  concerning  eternal 
and  immutable  Morality,  was  pub.  by  Bishop  Chandler  in 
1731.  Svo.  A  number  of  his  MSS.  are  deposited  in  the 
British  Museum.  Cudworth's  great  work  was  elicited  by 
the  absurd,  yetuiischievous,  principles  advocated  by  Hobbes 
in  the  Leviathan.  Being  a  perfectly  fair  and  ingenuous 
opponent,  Cudworth  placed  the  atheistic  doctrines  which 
he  intended  to  refute  in  the  clearest  light,  and  stated  them 
with  such  force,  that,  to  his  amazement,  he  found  his  own 
sincerity  doubted  when  he  proceeded  to  show  their  fallacy  ! 


Ho  unfortunately  encumbered  his  argument  by  an  admix- 
ture of  Platonic  philosophy,  and  a  "  wild  hypothesis  of  a 
plastic  nature,"  assumed  to  be  the  immediate  instrument- 
ality by  which  the  Divine  Being  carried  his  jturposes  into 
execution.  His  fate,  with  some  shallow  minds,  was  that 
of  Sir  Thomas  Browne — to  be  considered  a  champion  of 
impieties,  which  he  abhorred. 

"  lie  raised  such  strong  objections  against  the  being  of  a  God 
and  Providence,  that  many  thought  he  had  not  answered  them." 
— Drvden. 

'•  Though  the  whole  world  were  no  less  satisfied  with  hia  capa- 
city and  learning,  than  with  his  sincerity  in  the  cause  of  the 
Deity;  yet  was  he  accused  of  giving  the  upper  hand  to  the  atheists, 
f'lr  having  stated  their  reasons  and  those  of  their  adversaries  fairly 
together.  .  .  .  The  common  fwte  of  those  who  dare  to  appear  fair 
authors." — Lord  Shaftesbury. 

The  depth  of  erudition  displayed  in  the  Intellectual 
System  has  been  a  subject  of  admiration  to  the  learned  of 
all  varieties  of  opinion. 

"  It  contains  the  greatest  mass  of  learning  and  argument  that 
ever  was  brought  to  bear  on  atheism.  A  thousand  folio  pages, 
full  of  learned  iiuntations,  and  references  to  all  heathen  and  sacred 
antiquity,  demonstrate  the  fertility  and  laborious  diligence  of 
the  author.  And  whoever  wishes  to  know  all  that  can  be  said 
respecting  liberty  and  necessity,  fate  and  free-will,  eternal  reason 
and  justice,  and  arbitrary  omnipotence,  has  only  to  digest  the 
Intellectual  System."— Onne's  Bill.  Bib. 

"It  will  at  least  be  expedient,  I  had  almost  said  necessary,  to 
know  so  niufh  of  the  opinions  of  heathen  antiquity  as  is  to  bo 
learnud  from  those  authentic  documents  which  the  industry  of 
thu  iudefatigably  Cudworth  has  collected  and  arranged  with  great 
judgment." — Bishop  IIorsley. 

"Great  strength  of  genius  and  a  vast  compass  of  learning." — 
Bishop  Burnet. 

"  With  a  boldness  uncommon  indeed,  but  very  becoming  a  man 
conscious  of  his  own  integrity,  and  of  the  truth  and  evidence  of 
his  cause,  Dr.  Cudworth  launched  out  into  the  immensity  of  the 
Intellectual  System,  and.  at  his  first  essay,  penetrated  the  very 
darkest  recesses  of  antiriuity  to  strip  atheism  of  all  its  disguises, 
and  drag  up  the  lurking  monster  to  conviction." — Bishop  War- 
burton. 

"  Like  another  Atlas,  he  carried  in  this  work  the  whole  World 
of  Learning  on  his  broad  intellectual  shoulders." 

"  The  Intellectual  System  is  an  immense  storehouse  of  facts,  of 
arguments,  and  principles." 

"  That  great  master  of  learning  and  reasoning.  Dr.  Cudworth." 
— Dr.  J.  Pye  Smith. 

"The  Intellectual  System  will  forever  remain  a  precious  mine 
of  information  to  those  whose  curiosity  may  lead  them  to  study 
the  spirit  <.if  thp  undent  theories." — Duoalp  Stewart. 

"Thi'  Infplldtual  System  is  a  work  of  stupendous  erudition, 
and  of  freijuent  mastery  over  diction  and  illustration  on  subjects 
where  it  is  most  rare." — Sir  James  Mackintosh. 

"Cudworth  was  one  of  those  whom  Hobbes  had  roused  by  the 
atheistic  and  inmioral  theories  of  the  Leviathan;  nm-  did  any  an- 
tagonist of  that  philosopher  bring  a  more  vigorous  understanding 
to  the  combat." — IIallam:  Lil<-rary  History. 

"  Dr.  Palph  Cudworth  held  the  same  rank  in  Metaphysics  that 
Dr.  Barrow  did  in  the  Sublime  Geometry." — Gra7iffcr''s  Bing.  Hist. 

"The  Platonic  philosophy  was  with  greater  accuracy  and  sounder 
judgment  [than  evinced  by  Gale]  applied  to  the  refutation  of  im- 
piety by  Ralph  Cudworth.  ...  In  this  important  undertaking, 
he  very  successfully  employed  a  vast  fund  of  erudition.'" — Enfield's 
Hist  of  Pliilosr>ph)l. 

"Amongst  all  the  early  philosophical  writers  of  our  country, 
there  is  no  one  who  displayed  so  complete  a  mastery  over  the  me- 
taphysical systems  of  antiquity,  and  no  one  who  has  left  behind 
him  so  vast  a  monument  of  varied  and  accurate  learning,  as  Ralph 
Cudworth.  the  author  of  the  Intellectual  System." — MorelVs  Hist, 
of  Modem  Philosfiphy. 

It  is  pleasing  to  reflect  that  to  the  eminent  Cudworth 
may  bo  added  the  title  of  good  as  well  as  great : 

"  An  excellent  and  Warned  divine,  of  highest  authority  at  homo 
and  abroad." — Lord  Shaftesbury:  Cttaracteri.stic^. 

An  unimpeachable  authority  thus  enthusiastically  com- 
mends Cudworth  : 

"  He  was  a  great  man  in  all  parts  of  learning,  divine  and  hu- 
man;  an  honour  to  Kmanuel  College,  where  he  was  educated,  to 
Christ's  College,  where  he  afterwards  presided,  to  the  whole  Uni- 
versity of  Cambridge,  which  he  adorned  ;  and  to  the  church  and 
age  in  which  he  lived." — Bishop  BurtNET. 

AVill  not  the  University  of  Cambridge,  thus  honoured 
by  his  name,  honour  his  memory  by  publishing  his  MSS.  ? 
How  much  would  the  world  be  the  gainer  by  the  reflec 
tions  of  so  profound  a  thinker  as  Cudworth  upon  such  sub- 
jects as  "Moral  Good  and  Evil;"  ''  Liberty  and  Necessi- 
ty;" "The  Seventy  Weeks  of  Daniel;"  "The  Creation  of 
the  World;"  "The  Learning  of  the  Hebrews;"  "  The  Notion 
of  Hobbes  concerning  God  and  Spirits!"  We  feel  some 
pride  in  recording  the  fact  that  an  edition  of  The  True  In- 
tellectual System  of  the  Universe  has  been  published  in 
America — Andover,  1837,  2  vols.  r.  Svo — and  an  edit,  of  his 
whole  works  has  recently  been  issued  in  New  York,  2  vols. 
Svo.  Wo  must  not  omit  to  recommend  to  the  reader  the  ex- 
cellent edition  pnblishotl  in  London  in  1845,  3  vols.  Svo, 
which  contains  the  learned  Notes  and  Dissertations  of  tho 
Latin  edition  by  Jloshciin,  translated  by  Harrison. 

Ciulworlh,  Wm.     Sermons.  &c.,  1747,  '60. 

Cuff,  or  Cuffe,  Heury,  15G0?-1601,  Greek  Prof,  at 

4SI 


CUF 


CUM 


Morton  College.  Oxford,  was  executed  at  Tyburn  as  a  par-  I  Top.  Brit. ;  see  No.  23.    A  Remarkable  Frost,  Phil.  Trans., 


tifipant  of  the  treason  of  the  Earl  of  Essex.  The  DiffercDCe 
of  the  Ages  of  Man's  Life,  Lon.,  1607,  8vo.     He  left  some 
papers  evincing  great  learning.     See  Wood's  Atben.  Oxon. 
Cuffe,  Maurice.    News  from  Munster,  Lon.,  1642.  4to. 
Cuitt,  George.     Hist,  of  Chester,  1815,  8vo.     Etch- 
ings  of  Ancient  Buildings,  1816,  fol.     Wanderings  and 
Poncillings  amongst  Ruins  of  the  Olden  Time,  1848,  r.  fol. 
"  These  plates  are  etched  with  great  freedom,  and  remind  us  of 
the  etchings  of  Kome,  (by  Pyranesi,)  to  which  they  come  nearer 
than  any  modern  work  of  British  Art  of  a  similar  class."— ion. 
Times. 

Culbertson,  Robert.    Serm.,  1817.    Lectures  on  the 
Prophecies  of  St.  John,  1818,  2  vols.  8vo. 
*'  Itather  tedious,  but  always  sensible." — Orme. 
'*  The  production  of  a  man  of  no  ordinary  endowments." — Lon, 
Congregational  Mag. 

"One  of  the  most  judicious  expositions  of  the  Book  of  Reyela- 
tion." — Lon.  £A:hctic  Jiev. 

Culham,  B.  P.     The  Fig  Leaf;  a  Poem,  3d  ed.,  1805. 
Cull,  Francis.     Sermon,  Lon.,  1732,  8vo. 
Cull«  Richard.     Garrick's  mode  of  reading  the  Li- 
turgy :  new  ed.,  Lon.,  1840,  8vo. 

Culleu,  Arch.    Principles  of  the  Bankrupt  Law,  1800. 
"Written  with  brevity  and  distinctness;  omitting  nothing  that 
is  material,  and  introducing  nothing  that  is  unimportant." — Lon. 
Monthly  liojiew. 

Cullen,  C.  S.     The  Bankrupt  Court,  1830. 
Cullen,  Charles.     Chemical  Analysis  of  Wolfram, 
Lon.,  1785,  8vo.     History  of  Mexico,  1787,  2  vols.  4to. 

Cullen,  Edmund,  M.D.  Phys.  and  Chem.  Essays, 
1785-91. 

Cullen,  Margaret,  daughter  of  Dr.  Cdllen,  of  Edin- 
burgh, q.  V.  Home;  a  Novel,  1803,  5  vols.  Morton;  a 
Novel,  1814,  3  vols.  12mo. 

Cullen,  Michael.  Churchwarden's  Guide,Dubl.,1823. 
Cullen,  Paul,  R.  C.  Archbishop  of  Armagh,  conse- 
crated Feb.  24,  1850,  has  written  a  work,  '■  afKrming  the 
immutability  of  the  earth,  on  the  ground  of  his  interpre- 
tation of  the  theological  records." — Jfcn  of  the  Time,  Lon., 
1853. 

Cullen,  Stephen.  The  Castle  of  Inchvally ;  a  Tale, 
alas  !  too  true.  1796,  3  vols.  12mo.  The  Haunted  Priory,8vo. 
Cullen,  VVm.,  M.D.,  1712-1790,  a  native  of  Lanark- 
shire, made  several  voyages  to  the  West  Indies  as  surgeon 
in  a  London  trading  vessel.  He  afterwards  settlecl  at 
Shotts,  where  he  entered  into  copartnership  with  Dr.  Wm. 
Hunter.  In  1746  Cullen  was  appointed  Lecturer  on  Che- 
mistry in  the  University  of  Glasgow,  and  in  1751  became 
King's  Professor  of  Medicine.  In  1756  he  accepted  the 
chair  of  Chemistry  in  the  Univ.  of  Edinburgh,  and  in  1763 
succeeded  Dr.  Alston  as  Professor  of  Medicine.  When 
obliged  by  physical  infirmity  to  resign  his  office  to  Dr. 
Black,  he  became  associated  with  Dr.  Gregory  in  the  lec- 
tures on  the  practice  of  physic.  Synopsis  Nosologia;  Me- 
thodiciB  in  usum  Studiosorum,  Ediu..l769,  8vo  ;  many  edits.; 
the  best  by  Dr.  John  Thompson,  1814,  Svo.  Lectures  on 
the  Materia  Mcdica,  Lon.,  1772,  4to  ;  pub.  without  the 
author's  consent;  reprinted  with  his  permission,  1773,  4to; 
Cullen's  own  edit.,  1789,  2  vols.  4to.  The  last  is  the  edit, 
to  be  sought  for.  It  is  still  one  of  the  best  works  on  the 
subject.  The  Recovery  of  the  Drowned.  Edin.,  1775,  Svo. 
First  Lines  of  the  Practice  of  Physic,  Edin.,  1776-83,  4 
vols.  Svo;  many  edits.  Dr.  Rotherham's,  Edin.,  1796,  4 
vols.  Svo  ;  several  edits,  by  Dr.  P.  Reid  ;  last,  1816,  2  vols. 
Svo.  The  7th  edit,  in  2  vols.  Svo.  with  Notes,  was  pub.  by 
Dr.  Gregory.  Clinical  Lectures,  1765,  '66,  pub.  by  an  au- 
ditor, Lon.,  1797,  Svo  ;  by  John  Thompson,  Edin. ,1814,  Svo. 
Of  Cold  :  Ess.  Phys.  and  Lit.,  2  p.,  cxlv.,  1766.  This  tract 
is  also  pub.  with  some  Experiments  by  Dr.  Black,  Edin., 
1776-82. 

The  amiability  of  Dr.  Cullen's  character  elicited  the  love, 
whilst  his  professional  attainments  commanded  the  respect, 
of  his  associates  and  the  public  at  large.  See  his  Life  by 
Dr.  Anderson  in  The  Bee,  vol.  i. 

Culley,  George,  1734-1813.  Observations  on  Live 
Stock,  Lon.,  1786,  Svo.  Agricult.  of  Northumberland, 
1797,  Svo;  in  conjunction  with  J.  Bailey. 

"The  tre.ifise  on  live  stock  has  ever  been  very  justly  esteemed, 
and  the  county  survey  shows  an  enlightened  mind." — Donaldson^s 
■    Agricult.  Jiiog. 

Culloch,  Mc.  See  McCitlloch. 
Cullum,  Sir  Dudley.  Stove  ;  Phil.  Trans.,  1694. 
Cullum,  Rev.  Sir  John,  17.-13-1785,  FeHow  of  St. 
Catherine  Hall,  Cambridge  :  Rector  of  Hawstead,  1782  ; 
Vicar  of  Great  Thurlow,  1774.  The  Hist,  and  Anticp  of 
Hawstead  and  Hardwick,  Suffolk;  2d  ed.,  with  Notes  by 
his  brother.  Sir  Thomas  Gery  Cullum.  Lou.,  1813,  r.  4to. 
200  copies  printed.    The  1st  ed.  was  pub.  in  Nichols's  Bib. 


1784.     See  Nichols's  Literary  Anecdotes, 

Cullum,  Sir  Thomas  Gery.      Con.  to  Med.  Obs. 
and  Inq.,  1794.    Mem.  Med.,  1792.    See  article  next  above. 
Cullyer,  John.     Gent,  aod  Farmer's  Assistant,  Lon., 
1798,  12mo. 
"  I'sefuUy  compiled." — Dmald^oii' s  JgricuU.  Sing. 
Tables  for  Gentlemen,  Farmers,  &c.,  Norw.,  1803, 12mo. 
Culmer,  Rev.  Richard.     Cathedrall  Newes  from 
Canterbury,  Lon.,  1644,  4to. 
"  A  most  vile  pamphlet." — Histi  Oxon. 

Dean  and  Chapter  Newes  from  Canterbury,  1649,  4to. 
Minister's  Hue  and  Cry,  1651,  4to.  Lawless  Tithe  Robbers 
Discovered,  1655,  4to. 

"  Mr.  Hichard  Culmer  was  an  ignor.int  person,  and  with  his  ig- 
norance one  of  the  most  daring  schismatics  in  all  that  country, 
[Kent.]'' — Archbishop  L.\iid. 

See  an  account  of  Culmer — "  Blue  Dick  of  Thanet"— in 
Wood's  Fasti  Oxon. 

Culpepper,  Sir  John.  Speech  in  Parliament,  1641,fnL 
Culpepper,  Nathaniel.  Almanack,  Camb.,1686,8vo. 
Culpepper,  Nicholas,  1616-1654,  "student  in  Phy- 
sic and  Astrology."  was  a  violent  opponent  of  the  Royal 
College  of  Physicians.  He  pub.  a  number  of  works  on 
Medicine,  Medical  Botany,  Astrology,  the  Aurum  Potabile, 
&o. :  see  Watt's  Bib.  Brit.  His  English  Physician,  1652, 
fol.,  has  passed  through  many  editions.  His  Herbal  is  not 
without  merit : 

"  His  descriptions  of  common  plants  are  drawn  up  with  a  clear- 
ness and  distinction  that  would  not  have  disgraced  a  better  pen." 
— Dr.  Pulteney. 

Culpepper,  Sir  Thomas.  Moral  Discourses  and 
Essays,  Lon.,  1655,  Svo.  ^He  pub.  several  tracts  upon 
Usury,  1661-71,  urging  the' reduction  of  the  rate  of  inte- 
rest.    See  McCulloch's  Lit.  of  Polit.  Economy. 

Culros,  Lady  £liz.  M.  Ano  Godlie  Dreame  com- 
pylit  in  Scotish  meter,  Edin.,  1603,  4to. 

"  Lady  Culros's  Dreame  was  long  popular  among  the  Scottish 
Presbyterians." — Dr.  Letdex. 

Armstrong  states  in  his  Essays  that  he  recollected  having 
heard  it  sung  by  the  peasants  to  a  plaintive  air. 
Culverhouse,  C.     Bread  Laws,  Lon.,  1815,  Svo. 
Culverwell,  Ezekiel,  a  Puritan  divine.     Treatise 
of  Faith,  Lon.,  1629,  12mo.    A  Blessed  Estate,  1633, 12mo. 
Meditations,  1634,  12nio. 

Culverwell,  Nath.     Light  of  Nature,  Ac,  1652,  4to. 
Culy,  David.     Thcolog.  works,  Boston,  1787,  12mo. 
Cumberland,  Earls  of.     See  Clifford,  George, 
Henry. 

Cumberland,  Denison,  Bishop  of  Clonfert,  Ire- 
land, 1763;  of  Kilmore,  1772.  Serm.  on  Luke  xv.  10, 
1764,  4to;  on  John  xvi.  2,  3,  1765,  4to. 

Cumberland,  George.  Anecdotes  of  the  Life  of 
Julio  Bonafoni ;  with  a  cat.  of  his  Engravings,  Lon.^  1793, 
Svo.  Lewina.  &.C.,  1793,  4to.  Hafod,  and  the  neigh- 
bouring scenes,  Ac,  1796,  Svo.  Orig.  Tales,  1810,  2  vols. 
Con.  to  Nic.  Jour.,  18U7,  '10.  '11. 

Cumberland,  Richard,  1632-1718,  Fellow  of  Mag- 
dalen College,  Cambridge  ;  Rector  of  Brampton  ;  presented 
to  the  living  of  AU-hallows,  Stamford,  1667;  Bishop  of 
Peterborough,  1691.  1.  De  Legibus  Natura;  Disquisitio 
Philosophise,  Jtc,  ct  Elementorum  Philosophic  Hobbianas 
Refutatio,  Lon.,  1672,  fol.  Lub.  ct  Francf.,  1683,  4to.  In 
English  by  J.  Maxwell,  Lon.,  1727,  4to.  Abridged  in 
English  by  T.  Tvrrell,  Lon.,  1692,  Svo.  Trans,  with  Notes 
by  Rev.  John  Towers,  Dubl.,  1750,  4to.  In  French  by 
Barbeyrac,  Amst.,  1744,  4to. 

"  Ce  'ijvre  est  un  des  meilleurs  sur  le  droit  naturel,  quoique  un 
peu  abstrait." 

This  work,  like  mo.st  others  upon  the  same  difficult  sub- 
ject, has  been  superseded  by  Rutberforth's  Institutes  of 
Natural  Law,  (Lon.,  1754-56,  2  vols.  Svo.) 

"  Which  we  think  decidedly  pi'cferable  to  any  other  production 
on  that  topic,  with  which  we  are  acquainted." — Hojfman's  Legal 
Study.  112. 

2.  An  Essay  towards  the  Recovery  of  Jewish  Weights 
and  Measures,  1685,  Svo. 

"It  discovers  great  sagacity,  learning,  and  research.  The  sub- 
ject is  attended  with  many  difficulties,  which  the  bishop  of  Peter- 
borough combats,  pei-haps  as  successfully  as  could  reasonably  be 
expected.  The  work  n.is  attacked  by  Bernard  in  a  Latin  work  on 
the  same  subject,  loiblishi'ii  twoyears  after;  but  it  is  highly  spoken 
of  by  Le  Clorc." — urme;  liiljl.  Sib. 

"  A  good  treatise  on  the  subject."— Bickersteth  :  Chris.  Sluiknt. 

3.  Sanchoniatho's  Hist,  of  the  Phoenicians,  trans,  from 
Eusebius  de  Prcparatione  Evangelica,  with  a  continuation 
of  it  by  Eratosthenes  Cyranieus,  his  Canon,  &c.,  1720, 
Svo,  posth. 

"  A  curious  and  learned  work Perhaps  there  are  more  learn- 
ing and  labour  thrown  away  on  these  fragments,  than  theh  im- 
portance deserves."— Orme,  ubi  supra. 


CUM 


CUN 


4.  Origines  Gentium  Antiquissima; ;  or  Attempts  for 
diseoveriug  the  time  of  the  first  plantiug  of  nations,  1724, 
8vo»  posth. 

'*  Many  curious  and  obscure  particulars  are  embraced  in  this 
work.  They  are  very  similar  to  some  of  the  in ves titrations  of 
Michaelis  and  Bochart,  and  are  pursued  with  similar  ingenuity 
and  diligence." — Ibid. 

*'See  especially  Tract  iv.,  Concerning  the  possibility  of  a  suffi- 
cient increase  of  men  from  the  three  sous  of  Noiih,  to  a  number 
large  enough  to  found  all  fh--  nalirnis  mentinnnd  in  the  oldest  cre- 
dible histories,"  kz.—McCuUn,:h'^  Lit.  of  I'uld.  Ecnnnmy.  253. 

The  pastoral  industry,  atiectidiiate  zeal,  and  fervent 
piety  of  Bishop  Cumberland,  were  as  conspicuous  as  his 
learning  and  theological  acumen. 

Cumberland,  Richard,  1732-lSll,  was  son  of  De- 
nison  Cumberland,  Bishop  of  Kilmnre,  grandson  of  the 
celebrated  Dr.  Bentley,  and  great-grandson  of  the  Bishop 
of  Peterborough.  He  was  educated  at  Westminster  and 
Trinity  College,  Cambridge.  He  became  secretary  to  Lord 
Halifax,  and  in  1780  was  employed  on  a  secret  mission  to 
Spain  and  Portugal,  which  resulted  in  a  loss  of  credit  and 
money.  A  debt  of  £5000,  expended  by  him  for  the  pub- 
lic service,  was  disowned  by  the  ministry,  and  Cumberland 
was  obliged  to  part  with  his  patrimony,  and  retire  to  Tun- 
bridge  Wells,  where  he  devoted  himself  entirely  to  those 
literary  pursuits  which  had  been  a  source  of  recreation  in 
better  days.  We  notice  some  of  his  principal  productions. 
His  comedies  of  The  West  Indian,  The  Wheel  of  Fortune, 
The  Jew,  and  The  Fashionable  Lover,  were  most  favour- 
ably received,  and  possess  unquestionable  merit.  Pie  dis- 
plays a  higher  tone  of  morality  than  dramatic  literature  can 
always  claim,  and  Goldsmith  did  not  hesitate  to  style  him 

"The  Terence  of  England,  the  mender  of  Hearts." 

His  novels,  Arundel,  Henry,  and  John  de  Lancaster, 
are  devoid  of  that  vivacity  and  sprighttiness  which  con- 
stitute the  soul  of  fiction.  How  far  his  female  readers 
may  have  resented  a  characteristic  noticed  by  an  eminent 
authority,  we  shall  not  pretend  to  determine : 

*■  He  had  a  peculiar  taste  in  love  affairs,  which  induced  him  to 
reverse  the  natural  and  useful  practice  of  courtship,  and  to  throw 
upon  the  softer  sex  the  task  of  wooing,  which  is  more  gracefully. 
as  well  as  naturally,  the  province  of  the  man." — Sir  Walter  Scott. 

He  pub.  several  theological  tracts,  a  Version  of  Fifty  of 
the  Psalms  of  David,  The  Exodiad,  and  a  poem  entitled 
Calvary,  or  the  Death  of  Christ.  His  Anecdotes  of  Emi- 
nent Painters  in  Spain  during  the  16th  and  I7th  centuries, 
abound  in  interesting  and  curious  information.  In  1785 
he  pub.  in  2  vols,  the  series  of  Essays  under  the  title  of 
The  Observer,  enlarged  in  1786,  pub.  in  5  vols,  in  1790, 
and  in  1803  incorporated  with  the  British  Classics. 

''  The  Observer,  though  the  sole  labour  of  an  individual,  is  yet 
rich  in  variety,  both  of  subject  and  manner;  in  this  respect,  in- 
deed, as  well  as  in  literary  interest,  and  fertility  of  invention,  it 
may  be  classed  with  the  Spectator  and  Adventurer.  If  inferior  to 
the  latter  in  grandeur  of  fiction,  or  to  the  former  in  delicate  irony 
and  dramatic  unity  of  design,  it  is  wealthier  in  its  literary  fund 
than  either,  equally  moral  in  its  views,  and  as  abundant  in  the 
creation  of  incident,  I  consider  it.  therefore,  with  the  exception  of 
the  papers  just  mentioned,  as  superior,  iv  Us  poivers  nf  attraction, 
to  every  other  periodical  composition." — Dr.  Drale't:  Essays,  vol.  v. 
His  last  work,  pul).  in  the  year  of  his  death,  ia  entitled 
Retrospection,  a  Poem  in  Familiar  Verse.  The  work  by 
which  he  will  be  best  known  to  posterity  is  his  Memoirs, 
interspersed  with  Anecdotes  and  Characters  of  the  Most 
Distinguished  Persons  of  his  Time,  1806,  4to.  Supp., 
1807,  4to.  With  Illustrative  Notes,  edited  by  Henry 
Flanders,  [see  p.  602.  post,]  Phila.,  1856,  8vo. 

'■  It  is  indeed  one  of  the  author's  most  pleasing  works,  and  con- 
veys a  very  accurate  idea  of  his  talents,  feelings,  and  character, 
with  many  powerful  sketches  of  the  age  whii'h  has  passed  away." — 
Sir  Walter  Scott. 

Cuming,  Patrick.     Serm.,  1746,  8vo ;  do.,  1760,  Bvo. 
Cuiniug,  Ralph,  M.D.     Amanuensis  Med.  et  Chir., 
Lon.,  1S06.  8vo. 

Cuming,  Wm.,  M.D..  1714-178S,  of  Dorchester,  Eng- 
land, pub.  nothing  himself,  but  aided  in  Hutchin's  Hist. 
of  Dorset,  and  in  other  publications. 

Cumings,  Henry,  D.D.,  of  Billerica,  Mass.,  died 
182.^.     Fourteen  Discourses,  pub.  separately,  1783,  &c. 

Cumming,  Alex.,  of  Boston,  Mass.,  died  1763.  Serm. 
preached  at  his  own  installation,  1761. 

'■  It  is  a  specimen  of  his  t,ilents,  and  of  his  regard  to  the  truths 
of  his  gospel." — SewaWs  Funl.  Serm. 

Cumming,  Alex.,  d.  1814.  Clock  and  Watch  Work, 
Lon.,  1766,  4to.  Gravitation,  Edin.,  1803,  4to.  Broad 
Wheels  of  Carriages,  1804,  4to. 

Cumming,  James.  Fcltbam's  Resolves,  with  an  ac- 
count of  the  author,  Lon.,  1S06,  8vo. 

Cumming,  John,  D.D.,  b.  1810,  a  native  of  Aber- 
deenshire, Scotland.  In  1832  he  became  minister  of  the 
Scotch  Church  in  Crown  Court,  Covent-Garden,  London. 
*'He  has  distinguished  himself  as  a  popular  preacher,  an 


acute  and  skilful  controversialist,  and  a  diligent  and  suc- 
cessful author."  Many  pages  might  be  quoted  in  commen- 
dation of  his  works,  although  they  have  not  escaped  severe 
criticism.  His  writings  are  so  numerous  that  a  mere 
enumeration  of  titles  demands  more  space  than  we  can 
well  afford.  I.  Church  of  Scotland.  2.  Apocalyptic 
Sketches.  3.  Lectures  on  the  Seven  Churches.  4.  Lect. 
on  Christ's  Miracles.  5.  Lect.  on  the  Parables.  6.  Lect. 
on  Daniel.  7.  The  Finger  of  God.  8.  Christ  our  Pass- 
over. 9.  The  Comforter.  10.  A  Message  from  God.  II. 
The  Great  Sacrifice.  12.  Christ  receiving  Sinners.  13.  Is 
Christianity  from  God?  14.  Sab.  M.  Headings  on  Genesis. 
15.  On  Exodus.  16.  On  Leviticus.  17.  Benedictions.  18, 
Voices  of  the  Night.  19.  Of  the  Day.  20.  Of  the  Dead. 
21.  God  in  History.  22.  Infant  Salvation.  23.  The  Baptis- 
mal Font.  24.  Lectures  for  the  Times.  25.  Christian  Pa- 
triotism. 26.  TheCommunion-Table.  27.  Almost  Protestant, 
&c. :  4  Lectures.  28.  The  Church  before  the  Flood.  The 
following  numbers,  29  to  30  inclusive,  have  been  pub.  in  a  vol., 
under  the  title  of  Occasional  Discourses:  29.  Liberty.  30, 
Equality.  31.  Fraternity.  32.  The  Revulutionists.  33. 
The  True  Charter.  34.  The  True  Succession.  35.  Psalm 
for  the  Day;  Expos,  of  Ps.  xci.  36.  Thanksgiving;  Ex- 
pos, of  Ps.  ciii.  37.  Our  Father ;  a  Week's  Family  Prayers. 
38.  An  edit,  of  The  Pulpit  Psalm  Book;  Church  of  Scot>- 
land.  39.  An  edit,  of  Fox's  Book  of  Martyrs.  40.  An 
edit,  of  Albert  Barnes's  Notes.  41.  Trans,  of  the  last 
French  edit,  of  Bonaventure's  Psalter  of  the  Blessed  Vir- 
gin. 42.  Discussion  upon  Protestantism,  with  Daniel 
French,  Esq.,  held  at  Hammeri^mith  in  April  and  May, 
1839.  43.  The  Tent  and  the  Altar.  44.  Daily  FamUy 
Devotion,  4to.     Other  works. 

The  sale  of  Dr.  Cumming's  works  has  exceeded  that  of 
the  productions  of  any  other  theological  writer  of  the  day. 

"  The  Rev.  John  Cumming  is  now  the  great  pulpit  orator  of  Lon- 
don, as  Edward  Irving  was  some  twenty  years  since.  But  very 
different  is  the  doctor  from  that  strange,  wonderfully  elotjuent, 
but  erratic  man.  There  could  not  by  possibility  be  a  greater  con- 
trast. The  one  all  fire,  enthusiasm,  and  semi-madness;  the  other 
a  man  of  chastened  energy  aud  convincing  calmness.  The  oae 
like  a  meteor,  flashing  across  the  troubled  sky,  and  then  vanish- 
ing suddenly  in  the  darkness;  the  other  like  a  silver  star,  shining 
serenely,  and  illuminating  our  pathway  with  its  steady  ray." 

"Often  have  we  beard  Dr.  Cumming,  but  never  without  having 
noticed  that  be  referred  either  to  the  Apocalyptic  mysteries  or  to 
Papacy.  These  are  his  two  great  topics.  .  .  .  By  many  able  persons 
it  is  considered  that  Dr.  Gumming  is  mistaken  in  many  of  the  pre- 
dictions which  he  utters,  aud  that  his  great  abilities  are  wasted 
on  mysteries  which,  after  all,  are  unfathomable  by  mortal  mind."^ 
Pen-Fictures  of  Popular  English  Preachers,  ed.  1852, 13-28,  g.  v. 

"Careful  research,  acute argmnent,  brilliant  illustration,  graphic 
description,  and  eloquent  appeal,  all  unite  in  enriching  and  embel- 
lishing his  papers,  [Lectures  for  the  Times,]  alluring  the  most  indif- 
ferent to  read,  and  compelling  the  most  prejudiced  against  his 
views  to  pause  and  consider." — Edinburgh  Ecde.nustical  Journal. 

Cuminiug,  Preston,  Dictionary  of  Congregational 
Principles,  Boston,  1852,  12mo. 

Cummiug,  R.  G,  Five  Years'  Lion  Hunting  in 
South  Africa,  Lon.,  2  vols.  p.  8vo;  2d  ed..  1850. 

'*  It  is  difficult  to  lay  the  volumes  down  until  the  issue  of  each 
adventure,  as  they  rapidly  follow  one  another,  has  been  ascer- 
tained."— Lon.  Quart.  Ifeview. 

Cummin^s,  Abr.,  1755-1827.     Theolog.  treatises. 

CumminE:s,  George.     Sermon,  Lon.,  1713,  8vo. 

Ciimmiiig^s,  Jacob  A,,  1773-1820,  of  Boston,  pub. 
a  number  of  popular  educational  works. 

Cummings,  Maria,  an  American  authoress.  The 
Lamplighter,  Boston,  1854, 12mo.  So  great  is  the  popularity 
of  this  work,  that  40,000  copies  were  issued  within  eight 
weeks  from  its  first  publication,  and  seventy  thousand  in 
about  a  twelvemonth. 

"There  is  to  us  a  charm  about  this  story  which  we  cannot  fully 
express.  .  .  .  We  thank  Miss  Cummings  heartily  for  the  pleasure 
she  has  given,  and  is  yet  to  give,  to  thousands  of  readers.  May 
her  present  success — deserved  alike  by  the  merits  of  her  book  and 
her  motive  in  writing  it — stimulate  her  to  fm'ther  and  to  more 
Buccessfui  exertions  I" — Norton's  Lit.  Gazette. 

Mabel  Vaugban,  Bost.,  1857,  12mo. 

"It  is  a  charming  story,  to  which  the  character  of  'Rose'  gives 
the  same  interest  and  beauty  which  little 'Gertrude' and  the  old 
'Lamphghter*  gave  to  the  author's  first  production;  while,  con- 
sidered as  a  piece  of  literary  mechanism,  it  is  more  finished  and 
better  sustained.  The  interest  of  the  stoiy  does  nut  flag,  and  its 
arrangement  and  execution  are  far  in  advance  of  'The  Lamp- 
lighter.' " 

Cummings,  R.  T.     Church  of  Ireland.  12mo. 

Cummying,  Mrs.  Susannah.  Estelle,  Lon.,  1798, 
2  vols.  12mo.  Juvenile  Biography,  or  the  Lives  of  Little 
Children,  1801,  2  vols.  12mo. 

Cuuinghame,  Alex,  Dissertatio  Medica  de  Epilep- 
sia. Lugd.  Bat,  1725,  4to. 

Cuuinghame,  David,  Dissertatio  Medica  de  Dy- 
sentaria,  Tr.  ad  Kh.,  1725,  4to. 


CUN 


Cmiiiigliame,  James.    Warnings,  Lon.,  1711,  8vo. 

Cuninghame,  Mm.  Evidences,  Lon.,  1804,  12mo. 
Levi's  Diss,  on  Prophecies,  ISIO,  8vo.  Apostasy  of  the 
Church  of  Koine,  1818,  8vo.  Seals  and  Trumpets  of  the 
Apocalypse,  &c.,  1813,  8vo;  4th  ed.,  1843,  8vo. 

•'  Few  works  which  have  lately  appeared  on  the  Apocilypse  have 
higher  claims  to  the  character  of  research  and  InRenuity.  Many 
of'his  remarks  on  the  seals  and  trumpets  are  original  and  weu 

'""  A  Mdierly  written  and  truly  valuable  work."— T.  H.  House. 

See  Lon.  Christian  Observer,  xiii.  163-180. 

"This  work  contains  much  valuable  instruction,  just  applica- 
tion and  true  exposition All  of  Mr  C.'s  works  deserve  consi- 
deration."—Bickebsteth  :  see  Christian  Student  and  Guide  to  tbe 
Prophecies.  ,  ,      .,  i      ui.. 

This  learned  layman  has  pub.  several  other  valuable 

theolocical  works.  .     ,  ^  ,  .■ 

"Mr  Cuninch.amo  deserves  well  of  every  friend  to  revelation 
for  his  zeal  and  perseverance  in  defending  its  evidence  and  illus- 
trating its  subjects."— Obme:  BiW.  B.6.  -,~,.  ,. 
Cunn,  Samuel.  Mathcmat.  works,  Lon.,  1714-4S. 
Cunningham,  Alexander,  1654-1737  ?  a  native  of 
Ettrick,  Scotland,  was  British  Envoy  to  Venice,  1713-20. 
The  celebrated  criticisms  on  Horace,  pub.  in  1721,  2  vols. 
8vo,  and  some  remarks  on  Virgil,  pub.  1742,  have  been 
■ittributed  to  this  person,  but  there  seems  to  be  but  little 
doubt  that  the  annotations  in  ciuestiou  are  to  he  ascribed 
to  another  Alexander  Cunningham,  who  died  at  the  Hague 
in  1730.  See  Chalmers's  Biog.  Diet,  and  Scots  Mag.  for 
Oct  1804.  The  subject  of  this  article  wrote  The  History 
of  (i'reat  Britain  from  1688  to  the  Accession  of  George  I. 
Trans,  from  the  Latin  into  English,  by  Rev.  Dr.  Wm.  Thom- 
son, and  pub.  by  Rev.  Dr.  Thos.  HoUingberry. 

"  it  contains  manv  curious  anecdotes  and  tacts  not  to  he  found 
in  other  histories,  and  which  throw  new  light  on  several  important 
transactions  in  this  kingdom."  r  t>i     i 

Cunningham,  Allan,  1785-1842,  a  native  of  Black- 
wood near  Dalswinton,  Dumfriesshire,  Scotland,  was  the 
son  of  a  gardener.  He  was  apprenticed  to  his  uncle,  a 
country  mason,  but  feeling  dissatisfied  with  this  position, 
he  removed  in  1810  to  London,  whore  he  became  connected 
with  the  newspaper  press.  In  1814  ho  was  so  fortunate  as 
to  obtain  the  situation  of  Clerk  and  overseer  of  the  esta- 
blishment of  tlie  celebrated  sculptor,  Sir  Francis  Chantrcy. 
This  association  was  only  dissolved  by  the  death  of  Sir 
Francis  in  November,  1841.  Cunningham  survived  his 
friend  and  patron  less  than  a  twelvemonth.  He  industriously 
devoted  his  leisure  time  to  those  literary  pursuits  lor  which 
he  had  a  sta-ong  natural  predilection,  and  obtained  an  ho- 
nourable position  among  the  celebrities  of  the  day.  Among 
his  earlier  compositions  were  many  of  the  pieces  in  Cromek  s 
Remains  of  Nithsdale  and  Galloway  Song,  pub.  in  ISIO; 
q.  V.     In  1822  appeared  his  dramatic  poem  of  Sir  Marma- 

duke  Maxwell.  . 

"Manv  parts  of  the  poetry  are  eminently  beautiful.  .  ..ihe 
feult  which,  I  think,  attaches  to  Lord  Maxwell,  is  a  want  of  distinct 
precision  and  intelligibility  about  the  story,  wliich  counter.acts. 
especially  with  ordinary  readers,  the  effect  ol  beautiful  and  forciUe 
diction,  poetical  imagery,  and  animated  description.  — iir  HufJtr 
Scott's  Utters  U<  Ua  AuHmr.  ,  „„„    „        i 

2.  Traditionary  Tales  of  the  Peasantry,  1822,  2  vols. 
3  LordRoldan;  a  Romance,  3  vols.  4.  Sir  Michael  Scott ; 
a  Romance,  3  vols.     5.  Paul  Jones  ;  a  Romance,  3  vols. 

"It  has  established  the  author's  character  as  one  of  the  most  dis- 
tinguished writers  in  the  province  of  fiction."- iwj.iv;  Jlfoii(W^J/.i;7. 
6  The  Maid  of  Elwar;  a  Komanee.  7.  Songs  of  Scot- 
land, Ancient  and  Modern,  with  an  Essay  and  Notes,  his- 
torical and  literary,  1825,  4  vols.  cr.  8vo.  ^ 
" '  The  Ettrick  fhepherd  has  collected  not  a  few  of  those  things._ 
said  Scott, '  and  1  suppose  many  snatches  of  song  may  yet^be  found. 
Cmni-ngimm:  '  T  have  gathered  many  such  things  myself,  !^ir  V  al- 
ter and  as  I  still  propose  to  make  a  collection  of  all  Scottish  songs 
of  poetic  merit.  I  shall  work  up  many  of  my  .stray  verses  and  cu- 
rious anecdotes  in  the  notes.'  Scott:  •lamgl.adthatyouareabout 
such  a  thing :  any  help  xvhich  I  can  give  you,  you  may  command ; 
ask  me  auy  questions,  no  matter  how  many,  I  shall  answer  them 
if  I  can  Don't  be  timid  in  your  selection ;  our  ancestors  fouglit 
boldly,  spoke  boldly,  and  sang  boldly  too."'  gee  Cunningham  s 
llecoilections  of  Scott,  in  Lockhart's  Biography  of  Sir  -(V  alter. 

8  Lives  of  the  Most  Eminent  British  Painters,  Sculp- 
tors',  and  Architects,  1829-33,  6  vols.  12mo.  In  Murray's 
Family  Library.  Perhaps  the  most  popular  of  Cunning- 
ham's works.  ,.,.,.        .    ,. 

"The  critical  observations  profusely  scattered  through  these 
Biographies  will  render  them  useful  to  the  student,  while  the  per- 
sonal .anecdotes  with  which  they  abound  make  them  equally  allur- 
ing to  the  ordinary  reader."  1  Ti-r. 

9.  Biog.  and  Crit.  Hist,  of  the  Literature  of  the  last  !•  itty 
Years;  pub.  in  the  London  Athen.Tum  for  1833  ;  repub.  in 
Paris  Svo.  10.  Tlio  Works  of  Robert  Burns,  with  a  New 
Life  and  Notes,  1834;  2d  edit,  1835,  8  vols.  8vo.  This  edi- 
tion is  highly  commended.  11.  Biog.  and  Crit.  Disserta- 
tions to  Major's  Cabinet  Gallery  of  Pictures,  1833-34, 
2  vols.  r.  Svo;  73  beautiful  engravings. 
4eo 


CDN 

"  A  magnificent  work,  and  a  treasury  of  instructive  criticism." 
—Dr.  Dihd-in's  Hemmisccnces. 

Only  two  days  before  his  death  Cunningham  completed, 
12  The  Life,  Journals,  and  Correspondence  of  his  friend 
Sir  David  Wilkie,  pub.  in  1843,  in  3  vols.  Svo.  Sir  Robert 
Peel  had  remarked, 

"  If  ever  Sir  David  Wilkie's  correspondence  shall  see  the  light, 
it  will,  I  am  confident,  serve  to  add  to  the  honour  in  "hich  he  is 
already  held,  from  the  devotion  which  is  manifest  to  his  art,  and 
the  generosity  which  it  testifies  towards  every  competitor. 

It  is  no  small  praise  conferred  by  a  London  journal  of 
high  authority,  that  ,  ■    ,   .„  . 

"Mr  lllan  Cunninglmm  has  done  justice  to  his  sulject.  ana 
produced  a  work  of  great  interest  and  utility ."-CraU'm.msJ/ay. 
In  addition  to  the  works  noticed  above,  we  should  not 
omit  to  record  the  fact  that,  Mr.  Cunningham  was  a  contri- 
butor to  the  excellent  Conversation  Lexicon,  pub.  by  Blackie 
&  Son,  of  Edinburgh,  in  28  parts,  and  to  several  of  the 
periodicals  of  the  day.  In  1847  an  edit,  of  his  Poems  and 
Songs  was  pub.  by  his  son,  Mr.  Peter  Cunningham. 

"  •The  works  of  the  most  tender  and  pathetic  of  the  Scottish  min- 
strels, in  a  cheap  and  elegant  form."-i;!acli»ood's  Mag 

Many  interesting  particulars,  letters,  ic  relative  to  oul 
author  will  be  found  in  Lockhart's  Life  of  Sir  Walter  Scott, 
with  an  extract  from  which,  and  a  few  lines  from  a  distin- 
euished  female  critic,  we  must  conclude  our  article:  _ 

-NmemJx'rli.—Vfe  breakfasted  at  honest  Allan  Cunningham  s 
—honest  Allan— a  leal  and  true  Scotchman  of  the  old  cast.  A 
man  of  genius,  besides,  who  only  requires  the  tact  of  knowing 
when  and  where  to  stop,  to  attain  the  universid  praise  which  ought 
to  follow  it,  1  look  upon  the  alteration  of  'It  s  hame  and  it  s 
hame,'  and '  A  wet  sheet  and  ,i  tl.iwing  sea,'  as  among  the  best  songs  . 
going  His  prose  has  often  a.liidralile  passages;  but  he  is  obscure, 
Ind overlays  his  meaning,  vlii.h  "ill  not  do  now-a-days,  when  he 
who  runs  must  read.'-.«/- ir,.ttr  .Sco«'s  Wo.;^. 

"  His  ballads  and  lyiical  pieces  are  exquisite  in  feeling,  chaste 
and  elegant  in  style,  graceful  in  expression,  and  natural  in  concei^ 
tion-  they  will  bear  the  strictest  and  most  critical  inspection  of 
those  who  consider  elaborate  flourish  to  be,  at  least,  the  second  re- 
quisite of  the  writers  of  song."— Mas.  Hall. 

Cunningham,  Francis.  Origen  against  Celsus, 
Caml.    ISl'i,  Svo.     Letter  to  Lord  Bexley,  1827,  Svo. 

Cunningham,  Francis.  Trans,  of  Gicseler's  Text- 
Book  of  Ecclesiastical  History,  Lon.,  1842,  3  vols.  Svo. 
See  Davidson,  Rev.  Samuel,  LL.D.  „        -        . 

"  I  prefer  Oieseler's  to  any  other  Church  history."— PROF.  StcabT. 
Cunningham,    G.       Cheerful    Companion;    Songs, 
Catches,  and  Glees,  1797.  . 

Cunningham,  George  Godfrey.  Forfg"  Tales 
and  Traditions,  Lon.,  2  vols.  12mo.  Editor  of  A  History  of 
England  in  the  Lives  of  Englishmen  ;  last  edit.,  1853.  8  vols. 
8vc^  Lon.  and  Ediu.  This  excellent  work  is  beyond  all 
praise  We  have  occasionally  been  indebted  to  its  learned 
and  attractive  pages,  as  the  reader  will  observe  by  the  re- 
ferences in  the  present  work.  We  should  dwell  longer  upon 
its  merits,  but  that  we  find  ready  for  our  purpose  the  fol- 
lowing eulogies  from  sources  of  a  higher  character  than  .. 

"  "  In"ori.d™litv  and  excellence  of  plan,  this  work  is  entitled  to 
command  an  exfensive  sale.  The  matter  for  ™P!°.'"^"^,':f.^,V'' '°°: 
densalion.and  the  style  for  clearness,  vigour,  and  ™P»'  "'''y- "^ 
emi.u-ntlv  distinguished.  The  introductions  are  excellent,  and 
™    uownitliy  of  our  very  best   constitutional   writers.  -Lon. 

*"'l/mbSyin'-'the  history  of  England  in  the  lives  of  Englishmen, 
and  the  nl^refi  approach,'  compatibl..  with  truth,  to  »he  h.st-cal 
Tilavs  of  Shakspeare.  and  the  historical  ooycls  of  ^cott.  «  e  w  .iruiiy 
Sommend  the  work  as  a  mine  of  valuable  information  presented 
in  the  most  attractive  torm."—Tait  s  i^iui.  Mug. 

Cunningham,  Isabella,  Countess  of  Glencairn.  A 
Letter  to  thJ  Rt.  Hon.  Spencer  Perceval,  Bristol,  1812,  4to. 
Cunningham,  J.  W.,  Vicar  of  Harrow  AV  orld  with- 
out Souls,  Lon.,  180.5, 12rao;  ni.any  edits  Esj^y™  1°?"- 
duc.  Christianity  in  India,  1808,  Svo.  The  Velvet  Cushion, 
1814  Svo;  many  edits.  It  excited  much  controversy. 
Muriiing  Thouglits,  1825, 12mo.  De  Rauce ;  a  Poem,  Svo. 
Serms.,  3d  edit,  1823,  2  vols.  Svo,  and  1824.  Lectures  on 
Jonah.     Other  works.  . 

Cunningham,  James.  Essay  upon  the  In^"'Pt'»° 
of  Macduff's  Crosse  in  Fyfe.  By  I.  C,  Edin.,  1678,  4to, 
also  attributed  to  James  Carmichael. 

"  K  learned  essay."— Bisuop  Nicolsos:  Sent.  Hist.  iiO. 
In  Floridum  Asaphensem  Episcopum,  Scotorum  Reges, 
Rcnum,  Ritus  sacros,  ic,  1685.  ...  >• 

A  writer  "who  slew  the  Bishop  of  St.  Asaph  in  verse. 
Fi'rfc  Bp.  Nicolson,  lit;  siijjra. 

Cunningham,  James.  Voyage  to  China  ic,  m 
Phil.  Trans.,  1702:  and  in  Harris's  Voyages,  i.  biZ.     t.on. 

*°  Cunnhigham,  Major  James.    Brigade  "f  I^f^^'^y 
1804,  4to.     Tlie  T.ielies  of  the  Briti.sl.  Army   1S04,  4to. 

Cunningham,  John,  1729-1773,  a  native  of  Dub- 
lin   an  actor,  gained  considerable  reputation  as  a  poet. 


CUN 


CUR 


Love  in  a  Mist;   a  Farce,  Dnbl.,  1747.     Elegy  on  n  Pile  ' 
of  Ruins.     The  Contemplatist;    a  Night  Piece,  1762,  4to. 
Fortune;    an  Apologue,  1765,  4to.      Poems,  chiefly  Pas- 
toral, Lon.,  1766,  8vo;  Eilin.,  1781,  12mo. 

Cuuniughara,  John.  Copernican  System,  Lon., 
1789,  8vo. 

Cunningham,  Sir  John,  a  lawyer  and  antiquary, 
wrote  notes  on  that  part  of  Antonine's  Itinerary  which 
respects  Scotland.     8eo  Nieolson's  Scot.  Hist.  Lib. 

Cunningham,  Capt.  Joseph  D,  A  History  of  the 
Sikhs,  Lon.,  1849,  8vo. 

''  A  more  systematic  history  of  the  sect  calked  Sikbs  than  we  had 
hitherto  obtained  from  the  many  interesting;  sketches  which  have 
appeared  on  the  subject." — Lon.  Literary  Gazette. 

Cunningham,  Josh.    Eccles.  Courts  in  Ireland,  1834. 

Cunningham,  Josias.     Miscell.  Poems,  1764,  fol. 

Cunningham,  Lady  Margaret,  a  part  of  her  Life ; 
edited  by  C.  K.  Sharjio,  Edin.,  1826.  4to.  Privately  printed. 

Cunningham,  Peter,  surgeon  R.  N.  Hints  for  Aus- 
tralian Emigrants,  Lon.,  1841,  p.  8vo.  Two  Years  in  New 
South  Wales,  1828,  2  vols.  p.  8vo. 

"  The  best  book  of  general  information  that  has  been  written  on 
that  interesting  country." — Lon.  Monthly  Mag. 

Essays  on  Electricity,  Lon.,  1834,  p.  8vo. 

Cuuniugham,  Peter,  b.  1«16,  in  Pimlico,  eldest  son 
of  Allan  Cunningham,  {ante,)  and  a  sun-in-law  of  John 
Martin,  the  painter,  became  a  junior-clerk  in  the  Audit- 
Office  in  1834,  and  a  chiof-clerk  in  1854.  1.  The  Life  of 
Drummond  of  Hawthornden,  Lon.,  1835,  12mo.  2.  Songs 
of  England  and  Scotland,  1836,  2  vols.  12mo.  3.  Campbell's 
Spec,  of  the  Brit.  Poets.  Ac,  1841,  r.  Svo.  4.  The  Hand- 
Book  for  Visitors  to  Wcjitminster  Abbey.  1842,  fp.  Svo. 

*' A  very  complete  and  iiittrlligeut  guide." — Lon.  Spectator. 

5.  The  Life  of  luigo  Jones,  1848.  6.  Hand-Book  of 
London,  1849,  2  vols.  p.  Svo;  2d  ed.,  1850,  p.  Svo. 

"The  extraordinary  research  displayed  by  the  author  gives  hia 
work  a  literary  cliarm  which  ia  a  novelty  in  a  dictionary." — 
Cliambers's  Edin.  Jour. 

7.  Modern  London,  1851,  fp.  Svo;  3d  ed.,  1854,  fp.  Svo. 
"  It  is  one  of  the  excellencies  of  this  little  volume  that  wherever 

genius  has  left  a  footmark  Mr.  Cunningham's  sympathies  induce 
him  to  guide  us  to  the  track." — Lon.  Quar.  Kev.,  April,  1854. 

8.  The  Story  of  Nell  Gwyune,  <tc.,  1852,  p.  Svo.  9.  Pre- 
fatory Memoir  of  J.  M.  W.  Turner,  prefixed  to  John  Bur- 
net's Turner  and  his  Works,  1852.  4to.  10.  The  Works 
of  Oliver  (ioldsmith,  1854,  4  vols.  Svo. 

"Mr.  Cuuningh.ani.  whose  scrupulous  exactness  is  generally 
known,  has  furnished  the  first  complete  and  accurate  reprint  of 
Goldsmith.  Numerous  errors  which  had  crept  into  previous  edi- 
tions are  corrected,  omitted  passages  are  restored,  and  entire  pieces 
have  been  added.  .  .  .  The  new  edition  of  the  wi-rks  nf  f^ddsniith 
forms  part  of  a  series  of  the  British  Classics  whiih  U  iiinlntilitiiily 
the  best  selected  and  edited,  the  cheapest  and  tliehaiidsonirst,  that 
has  ever  issued  from  the  press." — Lon.  Quar.  Eev.,  Oct.  1854. 

11.  Johnson's  Lives  of  the  Most  Eminent  English  Poets, 
&c.f  1854,  3  vols.  Svo.  An  excellent  edition.  12.  The  Works 
of  Alexander  Pope:  see  Choker,  Rt.  Hon.  John  Wilson, 
B.C.L.  13.  The  Letters  of  Horace  Walpole,  Earl  of  Orford, 
Ac.,  1857-58, 9  vols.  Svo :  see  Athen.,  1857.  '58.  Mr.  Cunning- 
ham has  contributed  a  number  of  articles  to  Eraser's  Mag,. 
Household  Words,  The  Athonjcum,  Illust.  London  News,  &c. 

Cunningham,  Timothy.  Tithes,  4th  ed.,  Lon., 
1777,  8vo.  Bills  of  Exchange,  6th  ed.,  1778,  8vo.  Super- 
seded. Merchant's  Lawyer,  3d  ed.,  1768,  2  vols.  Svo.  Law 
Diet,  3d  ed..  17S2,  '83, 2  vols.  4to.  A  useful  work  for  obso- 
lete words  in  charters,  Ac,  Laws  resp.  Game,  1764,  12mo. 
Cases  in  K.  B.,  1766,  fol.  Pleadings  in  Actions,  1771,  4to. 
Customs.  Ac. .3d  ed.,  1778,  Svo.  Inns  of  Court  and  Chancery. 
1780,  Svo.  and  1790.  Rights  of  Election,  1783,  2  vols.  Svo^ 
Law  of  Simony,  1784.  Svo.  Laws  and  Constitution,  1763, 
Svo.     Lord  Ward's  Justices  of  the  Peace,  1 762,  2  vols.  Svo. 

Cunningham,  \Vm.,  M.D.  Lecturer  in  1565  at  Sur- 
geons' Hall.  London.  The  Cosmographical  Glasse,  Lon., 
1559,  fol.  Almanack,  1566,  Svo  and  16mo.  Comment  on 
nippocratcs,  &e. 

Cnnnin$;ham,  Wni.,  D.D.  Veto  Act,  Edin.,  1S40, 
Svo.     Speech,  1841. 

Cunnin^hame.  Explication  of  Thnssel's  Banner. 
With  a  Plato  of  the  Banner,  1640,  4to. 

Cunninghame,  VVm.  Principles  of  the  Constitu- 
tion of  Govornments,  with  Elustrations  from  the  Classics, 
Lon.,  1811.  4to;  1S13.  Svo. 

Cunynghamc,  Alex.     Sermon,  1770,  Svo. 

Cupper,  Wm.     Ccrtaine  Sermons,  Lon.,  1592,  Svo. 

Curate,  Jacob.  Scotch  Presb,  Eloquence,  Lon., 
1692,  4to. 

Curling,  Thomas  B.,  Assist.  Surg,  to  the  London 
Hospital.  Diseases  of  the  Testis,  &c.,  Lon.,  1843,  Svo.  A 
Treatise  on  Tetanus,  1S36,  Svo. 

"The  best  monograph  extant  on  tetanus." — Annals  of  Med, 

Diseases  of  the  Rectum  :  2d  ed.,  Svo. 


Cnrll,  Edmund,  d.  1748,  a  London  bookseller,  ia 
embalmed  in  the  bitter  herbs  of  the  Dunciad.  Curlism 
Di.splayed,  Lon.,  1712,  12mo.  Attcrburyaua,  1727,  12mo. 
Court  Secrets,  1727,  12mo.  The  unfortunate  bibliopole 
lost  his  ears  for  publishing  some  licentious  pieces.  If  the 
same  justice  were  now  meted  out  to  the  cm/t,  manj  pri- 
i^atrrrs  would  be  in  danger  of  eapture. 

Curll,  Walter,  Bishop  of  Winchester.  Serm.,  Lon., 
1622,  4to ;  rcpub.  in  1712,  Svo,  with  Some  Account  of 
Walter,  Bishop  of  Winchester,  &g. 

Curr,  Edward.  Van  Diemen's  Land,  Lon.,  1820, 
12mo.  See  Articles  on  the  Australian  Colonies,  and  no- 
tices on  the  above  '*  excellent  work"  in  the  Lon.  Quart, 
and  the  Westm.  Reviews. 

Curr,  John.  The  Pr.aetical  Coal  Viewer  and  Engine 
Builder's  Conipaniun,  1797,  4to. 

Curran,  John  Phili>ot,  1750-1817,  an  eminent 
member  of  the  Irish  Bar  and  House  <if  Commons,  was  a 
native  of  Newmarket,  near  Cork.  He  succeeded  Mr. 
Ponsonby  as  Master  of  the  Rolls,  and  retired  in  1814  on 
a  pension  of  £3000  per  annum.  *'  He  animated  every 
debate  with  all  his  powers.  He  was  copious,  splendid, 
full  of  wit,  and  life,  and  ardour."  Speeches,  Dubl.,  1805, 
Svo;  1808;  new  ed.,  with  a  Memoir,  1845. Svo;  do.,  1847. 
Life  by  his  son,  W.  11.  Curran,  1819,  2  vols.  Svo.  Letters 
to  Rev.  H.  Weston,  1819,  8vo.  Memoirs  of,  by  Wm.  O'Ro- 
gan,  1817,  Svo.  Recollections  ofj  by  Charles  Phillips, 
1818,  8vo;  4th  ed.,  1851,  Svo. 

"  Certainly  ooe  of  the  most  extraordinary  pieces  of  biography 
ever  produced.  Nothing  can  be  more  lively  and  picturesque  than 
its  representation  of  the  famous  original.  The  reader  can  hardly 
be  said  not  to  have  known  Ourran  and  Curran's  contemporaries. 
It  has  been  justly  said  of  this  admirable  work  that  it  is  Boswell 
minus  Bozzy." — Lord  Bbouoham. 

The  Life  of  Curran,  by  his  Son,  (nt  supra,)  was  repub- 
lished in  New  York  in  1819,  and  again  in  1855,  edited  by 
Dr.  R.  Shelton  Mackenzie,  with  considerable  additions,  &,c. 

Curray.     Collection  of  Sentences,  1732. 

Currey,  C.  The  Four  Gospels  exhibited  as  one  con- 
tinued Narrative,  Lon.,  1834,  4to. 

■■An  unassuming  Imt  neatly  executed  volume." — T.  H.  IIorn^e. 

Currey,  George.  Hulsean  Lectures,  1851,  Camb., 
1851.  8vo. 

Currie,  James,  M.D.,  1756-1S05,  a  native  of  Dum- 
friesshire, Scotland,  practised  medicine  at  Edinburgh  and 
Liverpool,  and  finally  settled  at  Bath  on  account  of  ill 
health.  Letter  to  Pitt,  commercial  and  political,  by  J. 
Wilson,  1793.  Water  in  Fever.  1797,  Svo;  5th  ed.,  1814, 
2  vols.  Svo.  Of  Tetanus  ;  Med.  Mem.,  iii.  147.  Immer- 
sion in  Water;  Phil.  Trans.,  1792.  The  foUuwiug  work 
was  generously  undertaken  for  the  benefit  of  the  poet's 
widow  and  children :  The  Works  of  Robert  Burns,  with 
Life  and  Criticism,  Liverp.,  ISOO,  4  vols.  Svo;  again  in 
1814:  1820,  with  addit.  notes  by  Gilbert  Burns.  Dr.  Cur- 
rio's  Jlcmoir  of  Burns  has  been  incorporated  with  later 
editions.     See  Burns,  Robert. 

"  If  you  have  not  got  Currie's  edition  of  Burns,  you  will  thank 
me  for  telling  you  of  it." — Sir  Jamks  Mackintosu. 

"As  a  comp.ict  and  regular  memoir,  the  work  is  a  failure.  .  .  , 
The  charm  lii-s  in  the  perfect  sincerity,  fine  sensibility,  and  easy 
.style  (if  the  wlml..  cnnipo.sition.  ...  It  was  a  labour  of  love  and 
of  charity. . .  Thf  good  aud  generous  Currie." — All.\n  Cunningbam. 

Currie,  Wm.,  M.D.  Foxglove:  Mem.  Med.,  iv.  10, 
1795.  Insalubrity  of  Marshy  Situations;  Trans.  Amen. 
Soc.  1799. 

Curry,  G,  G.,  M.  D.     Tetanus;  Med.  Trans.,  1813. 

Curry,  James,  M.  D.  Drowning,  1792,  Svo.  Mer- 
cury, 1810,  Svo.  Causes  of  the  late  high  Price  of  Provi- 
sions. 1815,  Svo. 

Curry,  John,  M.D.     Fevers,  1773;  Nature  of  ditto, 

1774.  Hist.  Review  of  the  Civil  Wars   of  Ireland,  Lon., 

1775,  4to,  anon. ;  2d  ed.,  with  name,  enlarged  and  edited 
by  C.  O'Conor,  1786,  2  vols.  Svo. 

"A  valuable  work  by  honest  Curry,'* — THOMAS  Moore. 

Hist.  Mem.  of  the  Irish  Rebellion  in  1041. 
Curry,  Thomas,  and  W«  B.  Miller.      Reports  of 
Cases  in  S.  Court  of  Louisiana,  1830—11,  19   vols..  New 
Orleans,  1831-41.       The  first  5  vols,  reported  by   Miller, 
the  remaining  14  by  Curry. 

Curry,  Otway,  of  Cincinnati.     Poems. 

Cnrry,  >Vm.  Abridgt.  aud  Cont.  of  Blackstone's 
Commentaries,  Lon.,  1796,  Svo;  2d  ed.,  1809,  Svo. 

"  Ably  executed,  and  extremely  useful  for  revision." — Hoffman's 
Leg.  Slu. 

Curson,  Henry.  Lex  Customaria,  1696,  Svo.  Comp, 
of  Laws.  1699,  12mo.  Sciences  Illustrated,  1702,  Svo. 
Estates  Taile,  1703,  Svo.     Arcana  Cleriealia,  1705,  Svo. 

Curson,  Jolin.     Vindication  from  Aspersions. 

Curteis,  Tliomas.     Essays  and  Sermons,  1704^31. 

461 


CUR 


CUR 


Curteis,  Thomas,     Serm.,  Maidstone,  1820,  Svo. 

Curteis,  W,  C.  Reports  Ecclesiastical  Courts,  1834 
-44,  Lon.,  1840-44,  3  vols.  Svo.  Case  of  Mastin  r.  Escott, 
1842,  Svo. 

Cutties,  Mariauue,  Classical  Pastime,  in  a  Set  of 
Poetical  Euigmas  on  the  Planets  and  Zodiacal  Signs, 
1818.  8ro. 

Curties,  T.  J.  Horseley.  Novels,  1801,  '02,  '04,  '05. 

Curtiu,  Samuel,  M.D.  Observations  on  the  Yellow 
Fever  of  the  West  Indies;  Med.  Com.,  1785. 

Curtis*  Dissertation  on  the  Unreasonableness,  Folly, 
and  Danger  of  Infidelity,  Lon.,  1725,  Svo. 

Curtis,  Alva,  M.D.,  b.  1797,  in  New  Hampshire;  for 
twenty  years  editor  of  Physio-Medical  Recorder  in  Cin- 
cinnati. Medical  Discussions,  1833,  12mo.  Lectures  on 
Obstetrics,  1838,  Svo.  Lectures  on  the  Theory  and  Prac- 
tice of  Medicine,  1842,  Svo;  repub.  in  England,  1847. 
Medical  Criticisms;  or,  A  Review  of  all  Systems,  1856. 

Curtis,  Mrs.  Anne,  sister  of  Mrs.  Siddons.  Poems 
on  Miscellaneous  Subjects,  Lon.,  1783,  12mo. 

"  Published,  we  presume,  for  the  sake  of  the  subscription, — which 
might  be  necessary  for  the  authoress.  The  pubhc  in  very  frequently 
addressed  in  worse  poetry." — Lon.  Month.  Rev.,  17S3. 

Curtis,  Benjamin  R.,  b.  1809,  "Watertown,  Mass., 
graduated  at  Harvard  University  in  1829 ;  studied  law 
under  Mr.  Justice  Story  in  the  same  institution;  practised 
in  Boston;  appointed  Associate  Justice  of  the  Supreme 
Court  of  the  United  States,  Sept.  1851 ;  resigned,  and 
returned  to  the  Bar,  1857.  1.  Reports  of  Cases  in  the 
Circuit  Courts  of  the  United  States,  Bost.,  1854:  vols,  i., 
ii.,  1857. 

"It  ia  almost  superfluous  to  say  that  these  Reports  are  of  great 
value.  Next  to  the  leading  elementary  treatises,  and  the  reports 
of  decisions  in  his  own  State,  every  American  lawyer  most  needs  the 
reports  of  the  decisions  of  the  United  States  Supreme  Court  and  of 
the  several  associate  justices  thereof  in  their  respective  circuits." 

2.  Decisions  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States, 
with  Notes  and  a  Digest,  comprising  the  Cases  reported  by 
Dallas,  4  vols. ;  Cranch,  9  vols. ;  ^yheaton,  12  vols. ;  Peters, 
16  vols.;  Howard,  17  vols. ;  Bost,,  22  vols.,  including  a 
Digest.  The  Old  Series  of  these  Reports  are  in  58  volumes, 
the  catalogue  price  of  which  is  $222.  This  edition  is  pub. 
at  $3  per  vol. 

"This  work  contains  the  decisions  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the 
United  States.  The  opinions  of  the  Court  are  in  all  cases  given  as 
they  have  been  printed  by  the  authorized  reporters,  after  correct- 
ing such  errors  of  the  press  or  of  citation  aa  a  careful  examination 
of  the  test  has  disclosed. 

*'  I  have  endeavored  to  give  in  the  head-notes  the  snhstance  of 
each  decision.  They  are  designed  to  show  the  points  decided  hy 
the  court,  not  the  dicta  or  reasonings  of  the  judges. 

"The  statements  of  the  cases  have  been  made  as  brief  as  pos- 
sible. For  many  yeare.  it  has  been  the  habit  of  all  the  judges  of 
this  court  to  set  forth  in  their  opinions  the  facts  of  the  cases  as 
the  court  viewed  them  in  making  their  decisions.  Such  a  stato- 
nient,  when  complete,  renders  any  other  superfluous.  When  nut 
found  complete,  I  have  not  attempted  to  restate  the  whole  case,  but 
have  supplied,  in  the  report,  such  fects  or  documents  as  seemed  to 
me  to  be  wanting. 

"In  some  cases  turning  upon  questions  or  complicated  states 
of  fact,  and  not  involving  any  matter  of  law,  I  have  not  thought 
it  necessary  to  encumber  the  work  with  detailed  statements  of 
evidence  which  no  one  would  find  it  useful  to  recnr  to.  These  in- 
stances, however,  are  few. 

"  To  each  case  is  appended  a  note  referring  to  all  subsequent 
decisions  in  which  the  case  in  the  test  has  been  mentioned.  It 
will  thus  be  easy  to  ascertain  whether  a  decision  has  been  over- 
ruled, doubted,  qualified,  explained,  or  affirmed,  and  to  see  what 
other  appUcatiuus  have  been  made  of  the  same  or  analogous  prin- 
ciples. 

"The  paging  of  the  authorized  reporters  has  be«n  preserved  at 
the  head  of  each  case,  and  in  each  margin  of  each  page,  for  con- 
venience of  reference;  the  reporters  being  designated  by  their 
initials,— D.  for  Dallas,  C.  for  Cranch,  W.  for  Wheaton,  P.  for 
Peters.  H.  for  Howard." — Extract  front  the  Preface. 

"  We  approve  the  plan  of  Mr.  Justice  Curtis's  '  Decisions  of  the 
Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States,'  and  believe  that  its  execu- 
tion by  him  will  be  of  much  utility  to  the  legal  profession  and  to 
our  country. 

"Roger  B.  Tanet,  Chief  Justice. 
"  I'ETER  T.  Daniel,  Associate  Justice. 
"John  McLean,  Associate  Justice. 
"Samuel  Nelson,  Associaie  Justice. 
"James  M.  W^afne,  Associate  Justice. 
"Robert  C.  Grier,  Associate  Justice. 
"John  Catron,  Associate  Justice. 
"S.  A.  Campbell,  Associate  Justice." 

3.  A  Digest  of  the  Decisions  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the 
United  States,  from  the  Origin  of  the  Court  to  the  Close  of 
the  December  Term,  1854,  Svo. 

Curtis,  Charles,  M.D.  Diseases  of  India,  Edin.. 
1807.  Svo. 

Curtis,  Charles.  Answer  to  Dr.  Parr,  Lon.,  1792,  Svo. 

Curtis,  George  Ticknor,  b.  1812,  at  "Watertown, 
Mass.,  an  eminent  legal  writer  of  Boston.  1.  A  Digest  of 
Cases  adjudicated  in  the  Courts  of  Admiralty  in  the  U.S. 


and  in  the  II.C.  of  Admiralty  in  England.  Bost.,  1839,  Svo. 
2.  A  Digest  of  the  Decisions  of  the  Courts  of  Common  Law 
and  Admiralty  in  the  U.S. :  vol,  i.,  by  T.  Metcalf  and  J,  C. 
Perkins;  vols.  ii.  and  iii.,  by  G.  T.  Curtis,  Bost.,  1S40-46, 
3  vols.  Svo.  3.  A  Treatise  on  the  Rights  and  Duties  of 
Merchant  Seamen  according  to  the  General  Maritime  Law 
and  the  Statutes  of  the  U.S.,  Bost,,  1841,  Svo;  Lon.,  Svo. 

"I  think  the  work  is  Avritten  with  great  ability,  accuracy,  and 
learning,  and,  if  published,  it  will  constitute  by  far  the  most 
valuable  treatise  now  in  existence  on  this  highly-important  branch 
of  law,  and  will  be  worthy  of  extensivf  public  patronage." — Joseph 
Storv. 

This  work  should  accompany  Abbot  on  Shipping,  (q.v.) 

4.  The  American  Conveyancer,  Bost.,  1846,  12mo;  new 
ed.,  1847. 

"Tliis  work  has  evidently  been  prepared  with  great  care." 

5.  A  Treatise  on  the  Law  of  Copyright,  &c.  as  adminis- 
tered in  Eng.  and  Amer..  Bost.,  1847,  Svo;  Lon.,  r.  Svo. 

"  So  far  as  we  know,  there  is  in  our  language  no  work  upon 
literary  property  so  complete  and  satisfactory  as  this  treatise  by 
Mr.  Curtis.'' — N.  Amcr.  liev. 

**  A  full  and  lucid  exposition  of  the  law  as  it  is  upon  the  subject 
in  question." — Western  Laiv  Journal. 

6.  Treatise  on  the  Law  of  Patents  for  Useful  Inventions 
in  the  U.S.  of  America,  Bost..  1849.  Svo. 

"It  is  valuable  not  only  to  gentlemen  of  the  law,  but  to  the 
originators  and  proprietors  of  useful  inventions  generally." — Law 
Mcporter. 

7.  Equity  Precedents  :  designed  as  a  Supplement  to 
illustrate  and  accompany  Mr.  Justice  Story's  Treatise  on 
Equity  Pleadings  :    vol.  i.,  1S50,  Svo. 

"We  are  much  pleased  to  see  a  collection  of  really  useful  Equity 
precede,  nts  collected  and  edited  in  the  very  excellent  manner  in 
which3Ir.  Curtis  has  prepared  this  book." — American  Law  Journal. 

8.  The  Inventor's  Manual  and  Guide  to  the  Patent- 
Office,  Boston,  12xno. 

"This  is  an  important  work  for  ingenious  men.  showing  them, 
when  they  have  made  a  patentable  invention,  how  a  patent  is  to 
be  obtained  and  how  to  protect  it  from  infringement.  It  is  the 
design  of  the  book  to  explain  the  law  of  Patents  to  practical  men, 
and  to  give  full  directions  how  to  obtain,  renew,  or  extend  a  patent." 

9.  History  of  the  Origin,  Formation,  and  Adoption  of 
the  Constitution  of  the  U.  States,  with  Notices  of  its  Prin- 
cipal Framers,  New  York,  Svo  :  vol.  i.,  pp.  500,  pub.  in 
1855 ;  vol.  ii.,  pp.  653,  1858.  In  the  preparation  of  this  work 
the  Hon.  Daniel  Webster  took  a  lively  interest,  and  almost 
with  his  dying  breath  urged  Mr.  Curtis  to  complete  what 
he  had  undertaken.  Mr.  Webster  at  one  time  designed  a 
work  of  this  character  himself. 

"Yuu  have  a  future;  I  have  none.  Yon  are  writing  a  History 
of  the  Constitution.  Ton  will  write  that  work :  I  shall  not.  Go  on, 
by  all  means:  and  you  shall  have  every  aid  tlmt  I  can  give  you." 

These  words  were  spoken  by  Mr.  Webster  but  a  short 
time  before  his  death. 

See  a  review  of  vol.  i.  in  Norton's  Literary  Gazette, 
New  York,  Jan.  1,  1855. 

"  Mr.  Curtis  writes  with\'igour  and  dignity;  and  his  work,  if  the 
second  volume  be  equal  to  the  first,  will  be  one  of  permanent  in- 
terest."— Lfjn.  Athenicum. 

"  In  fulness  and  cxplicitness  of  detail,  clearness  of  method,  im- 
partiality of  statement,  and  the  pervading  spirit  of  reverence  and 
love  for  the  Constitution  and  the  Union,  Mr.  Curtis  has  equalled 
the  highest  expectations  of  his  friends  and  the  demands  of  the 
theme.  His  history  umst  take  its  place  among  the  standard  works 
in  its  department.  AVhile  it  will  be  read  with  unflagging  interest, 
its  copious  index  fits  it  to  be  a  permanent  refereuce-book  aa  to  the 
whole  ground  that  it  covers." — N.  Amer,  Rev.,  clxxx.,  July,  185S. 
(Review  of  vol.  ii.) 

10.  Commentaries  on  the  Jurisdiction,  Practice,  and 
Peculiar  Jurisprudence  of  the  Courts  of  the  United  States, 
Phila.,  2  vols.  Svo:  vol.  1.,  1854;  vol.  ii.,  1858. 

"Mr. Curtis's  Commentaries  is  a  work  of  much  value.  Indeed, 
it  could  not  fail  to  be  so,  coming  as  it  does  from  the  hands  of  one 
so  justly  eminent  in  the  Profession.  I  take  pleasure  in  recom- 
mending it,— although  my  recommendation  can  hardly  be  necessary 
to  attract  to  it  the  attention  of  the  Profession."— R.  B.  Tanet. 

•*  Mr.  Curtis's  book  will  be  of  much  service,  by  the  clear  and 
luminous  exposition  it  contains  of  matters  interesting  not  merely 
to  the  lawj-er,  but  also  to  the  statesman  and  the  patriot." — Law 
jR^orter,  Nov.  1854. 

Curtis,  George  William,  bom  in  1824.  at  Provi- 
dence, Rhode  Island,  has  attained  considerable  celebrity 
as  an  author.  1.  Nile  Notes  of  a  Howadii,  New  York, 
1851.  12mo,  Lon.,  1852. 

•'  A  brilliant  book,  full  of  vivid  feeling  and  fancy." — Lsigh  Hunt. 

"Of  such  a  land  what  new  thing  remains  for  prose-poet  to  sing 
or  word-painter  to  draw?  The  answer  is  this  httle  book,— tlie 
unrhymed  poem— wild,  wilful,  fantastic,  but  very  beautiful — of  a 
wantk-rer  from  beyond  the  Atlantic,  who  has  brought  a  fresh  eye 
and  heart  to  see  the  wonders  of  Egjpt  and  a  master-hand  to  re- 
cord tbem." — Lon.  Weekly  JVews. 

"  We  heartily  congratulate  American  literature  on  this  addition 
to  the  list  in  which  Melville,  Ik  3IarveI,  and  Dr.  Mayo  flourish.'' — 
A\"iv  I'ork  Albion. 

"  Our  Ilowadji  is  a  gentleman  of  exquisite  poetic  taste,  refined 
but  glowing  in  feehng  and  fancy,  polished  in  his  style,  and  alto- 
gether a  most  captivating  writer." 


CUR 


CUS 


2.  The  Tlowndji  in  Syria,  New  York,  1S52, 12rao;  Lon., 
1852.  3.  Lotus  Eating,  a  Summer  Book,  New  York,  1S52, 
12mo;  Lon..  1852. 

*'  Brilliaut.  sketchy,  and  here  and  there  phil<isophica!. . . .  Th«^u?h  ' 
at  times  a  little  too  highly  coloured,  yet  it  is  gracefully  written,  | 
and  will  add  to  the  time  of  its  Howadji  author." — NorUni's  Lite-  I 
rary  Gazette.  I 

4.  The  Pntiphar  Papers,  reprinted  from  Putnam's  (New 
York)  Monthly  Magazine,  with  Illustrations  by  Augustus 
Hoppin,  New  York,  1854,  12mo.  j 

"  To  readers  outside  the  pale  of  fashionable  frivolity  they  will  i 
be  recommended  by  their  gayety  of  hiimnur  no  lees  than  by  their  I 
sharp  satire.    An  specimens  of  polished  invective,  they  are  rivalled 
by  the   productions  of  few  of  our  modern  Juvenals." — Oeorqe 
Ripley.  \ 

5.  Prue  and  I,  N.  York,  1856,  12mo.      Rural  Essays,  I 
by  A.  J.  Downing,  t-dited  by  G.  W.  Curtis,  with  a  Memoir 
of  the  author.     See  Downing,  A.  J. 

Curtis,  Henry«  Beauties  of  the  Rose,  pub.  in  num- 
bers, Lon.,  1851,  Ac,  4to. 

"Curtis's  Beauties  of  the  Rose  will  make  a  splendid  work." — 
Gard'mers'  and  Land  Stnvards\Journal. 

Curtis,  Jas,     Travels  in  Barbary  in  1801,  Lon.,  1803. 

Curtis,  John.  British  Entomology,  Lon.,  1824-40, 
193  Nos.,  16  vols.  r.  8vo,  £43  16«.  New  issue  in  course 
of  publication. 

*'For  ele?:ance  of  desi^rn,  accuracy  of  execution,  and  beauty  of 
drawing,  this  work  cannot  be  exceeded." — W<ii>d's  Oit.  of  Inspects. 

Curtis,  John  H.  Diseases  of  the  Ear,  Lon.,  8voj 
5th  ed.,  1836. 

''The  results  of  his  experience  appear  to  have  been  particularly 
favourable." — Lon.  Akd.  ami  Phys.  Journal. 

Present  State  of  Aural  Surgery. 

"  The  author  appears  well  versed  in  its  diseases." — Lon.  Lancet. 

Diseases  of  the  Eye,  2d  ed.,  1835,  8vo. 

"  Whoever  will  attend  to  the  sensible  advice  given  in  the  chap- 
ter on  sight  and  spectacles,  will  have  reason  to  thank  Mr.  Curtis 
for  an  unimpaired  eyesi^^ht  to  old  aa;e." — Lon.  Med.  and  Fhys.  Jour. 

Essay  on  the  Deaf  and  Dumb. 

'*■  Mr.  Curtis  is  entitled  to  the  best  thanks  of  the  public." — Lon. 
Lancet. 

Mr.  C.  has  pub.  other  valuable  works. 

Curtis,  R.     Treatise  on  the  Teeth,  Oxf.,  1769,  12mo. 

Curtis,  Richard,  Bishop  of  Chichester.  Sermons, 
1573, 75,  '76.  Trans,  of  Cardinalis's  Treat,  on  Rom.  i.  20, 
&c.,  1577,  8vo, 

Curtis,  Lt.  Roger.  Particulars  of  the  Country  of 
Labradore.     See  Ph-il.  Trans.,  1774. 

Curtis,  Samuel.  A  Monograph  on  the  Genus  Ca- 
mellia, Lon.,  1822,  large  fol.  £3  3«.,  col'd.  £6  IBs.  6^;.  The 
plates  are  from  nature,  by  Clara  Maria  Pope.  In  conjunc- 
tion with  Sir  W.  J.  Hooker.  Mr.  Curtis  superintended  the 
New  Series  of  the  Botanical  Magazine. 

Curtis,  Thomas.  The  Existing  Monopoly,  &c.  Aut. 
Vers,  of  the  Scriptures.  Lon.,  1833,  8vo.  See  Home's  In- 
troduction to  the  Scriptures. 

Curtis,  William,  1746-1799,  a  native  of  Alton, 
Hampshire,  had  botanical  gardens  successively  at  Ber- 
mondsey,  Lambeth,  Marsh,  and  Brompton.  1.  Collecting 
Insects,  &c.,  1771,  8vo.  2.  Fundamenta  Entomologiie ; 
trans,  from  Linnasus,  with  addits.,  Lon.,  1772,  4to.  3.  Flora 
Londinensis,  Lon.,  1774,  Ac.,  fol.,  revised  and  improved, 
by  George  Graves,  extended  and  continued  by  Sir  W.  J. 
Hooker,  Lon.,  1835,  5  vols.  r.  fol.,  (109  parts,)  647  plates. 
This  splendid  work,  pub.  at  £87  4*.,  has  been  offered  within 
the  last  few  years  for  £25  to  £30. 

"This  is  to  the  present  hour,  the  only  extensive  work  on  the 
IndiLjenous  Botany  of  this  country,  which  tribes  well-coloured  re- 
presentations of  the  plants  in  their  pull  natural  size.  .  .  .  This 
important  work  is  now  brought  to  a  close,  and  may  justly  boast 
of  unrivalled  excellence,  undiminished  splendour,  and  unabated 
accuracy." — Lon.  Monthly  Review. 

The  three  grandest  Indigenous  Floras  ever  published 
are  The  Flora  Londinensis,  The  Flora  Danica,  and  Sib- 
thorp's  Flora  Grseca. 

4.  The  Brown  Tail  Moth,  1782,  4to.  5.  Cat.  of  Plants 
in  the  Lon.  Botan,  Garden,  1784,  12mo.  6.  Comp.  to  the 
Botan.  Mag.,  1788,  8vo.  7.  Lectures  on  Botany,  arranged 
by  Saml.  Curtis,  1803,  '04,  2  vols.  8vo.  8.  Practical  Ob- 
servations on  the  British  Grasses,  1790,  8vo ;  several  edits., 
1812,  8vo. 

'•  A  very  useful  volume.  ...  No  subsequent  work  has  over- 
done the  merits  of  the  hook  in  the  small  compass  it  contains. 
The  portraits  are  true  in  the  likeness  and  correct  in  the  execu- 
tion."— Donald iion\<:  AgricuU.  Biog. 

Some  of  Mr.  C.'s  papers  will  be  found  in  Trans.  Linn. 
Soc,  1791,  1802. 

To  him  we  are  indebted  for  the  origination  of  the  Bota- 
nical Magazine,  commenced  in  1737;  new  series,  edited 
by  Samuel  Curtis  and  Sir  W.  J.  Hooker.  Complete  sets  of 
this  work,  lacking  the  last  few  years,  which  can  be  readily 
supplied,  can  be  had  in  London.     The  volumes  from  1787 


to  1842,  containing  nearly  4000  plates,  accurately  drawn 
and  coloured  after  nature,  subscription-price  upwards  of 
one  hnndred  f/uineas,  can  be  purchased  for  £35  to  £45,  ac- 
cording to  binding  and  condition. 

Curtis,  Wm.   Observ.  on  the  New  Com  Bill,  1804, 8vo. 

Curtiss,  N.  M.,  author  of  Byron  Blonday,  Haunted 
Chief,  Prairie-Guide,  Maid  of  Saranac,  and  numerous  other 
Lovelettcs. 

Curtois,  John.     Serms.,  1684,  '85.     Essay,  1679. 

Curwen,  B.   Proceed,  against  Sir  F.  Burdctt,  1810, 8vo. 

Curweu,  John  C,  M.P.  Speeches,  1797.  180'J, 
Hints  on  Feeding  Stock  and  Bettering  the  Condition  of 
the  Poor,  Lon.,  1809,  Svo. 

Observations  on  the  State  of  Ireland,  principally  directed 
to  its  Agriculture  and  Rural  Population,  Lon.,  1818,  2 
vols.  Svo. 

"The  reflections  of  a  man  of  pood  sense,  good  feelinps.  liberal 
sentiments,  and  comprehensive  views." — Lon.  Monthly  Rn'i'ic. 

Curzon,  Fre.  Lays  and  Legends  of  the  West,  Lon., 
1846,  12mo. 

Curzon,  Hon.  Robert,  Jr.  Visits  to  the  Monaste- 
ries of  the  Levant,  Lon.,  1849,  p.  Svo,  with  20  wood-cuts. 

"We  hazard  little  in  prophesyint;  that  Mr. Curzon's  work  will 
be  more  popular  than  any  other  recent  set  of  Oriental  descriptions, 
except  Mr.  Kin^lakf '?.''— ion.  9»rtW.  ffmfw,  Ixx.tjv.  461,  cir.Lsxvii. 
52.  e.t  Diidm^s  Literary  Reminiscences.  941. 

*■  Most  agreeable  writing,  replete  with  information  on  most  inte- 
resting points.'" — Lon.  Times. 

"  Unusually  picturesque  and  lively." — Lon.  AthencPitm. 

Cushing,  itirs.,  a  sister  of  Mrs.  Harriet  V.  Cheney, 
(.y.  r.,)  now  (1S55)  resides  at  Montreal,  Canada,  and  edits 
The  Literary  Garland.  She  has  pub.  several  juvenile 
works  aud  some  poems.  Esther,  a  Dramatic  Poem,  is  com- 
mended by  Mrs.  Hale  as  "a  work  of  deep  interest."  The 
Sunday  School,  or  Village  Sketches,  is  the  joint  produc- 
tion of  the  sisters,  now  Mrs.  Gushing  and  Mrs.  Cheney. 
The  Coquette,  or  the  History  of  Eliza  Wharton,  written 
by  the  mother  of  thepe  ladies,  (Mrs.  Hannah  Foster,)  and 
previously  noticed  by  us  as  one  of  the  earliest  American 
novels,  was  republished  in  1855.     See  Foster,  Hannah, 

Cushing,  Abel.  Historical  Letters  on  the  First 
Charter  of  Mas?arhusctts  Government,  Bost.,  1839,  ISmo. 
Cushin^,  Hon.  Caleb,  b.  ISOO,  at  Salisbury,  Mass., 
graduated  at  Harvard  College  at  the  age  of  17;  tutor 
at  Harvard  Coll.,  1819-21.  He  was  a  general  in  the  late 
Mexican  War,  has  occupied  several  public  posts  in  his  na- 
tive State,  and  been  Representative  in  Congress,  Attorney- 
General  of  U.  States,  <tc.  History  and  Present  State  of  the 
Town  of  Newburyport,  Mass.,  Newbnryport,  1826,  12mo. 

"  Valuable,  not  for  its  local  information  only,  but  for  its  gene- 
ral relation  to  the  history  of  Massachusetts." — North  American 
Review,  sxiv.  252. 

Review  of  the  Late  Revolution  in  France,  18.33,  12mo. 
Reminiscences  of  Spain,  N.  York,  1833,  12mo. 

"A  work  which  will  be  read  with  great  pleasure,  and  which 
holds  out  a  hij^h  promise  of  future  excellence.  The  best  parts  are, 
we  think,  the  descriptions  of  places  and  persons:  the  least  suc- 
cessful are  the  poems,  which  are  yet  not  without  considerable 
merit.  They  are  mostly  translations  from  the  Spanish,  and  exhi- 
bit in  some  instances  a  remarkable  facility  of  versification.  The 
tales  are  very  interesting." — Alexander  H.  Everett:  N.  Arrur. 
Rev.,  xxxvii.  84-IU4. 

Growth  and  Territorial  Progress  of  the  U.  States,  Spring- 
field, 1839.  Svo.  Life  and  Public  Services  of  Wm.  Henry 
Harrison,  Bost.,  1840,  ISmo. 

Cushing,  Mrs.  Caleb.  Letters  Descriptive  of  Public 
Monuments,  Scenery,  and  Manners  in  France  and  Spain  ; 
printed  for  private  distribution,  Newburyport,  1832,  2  vols. 
12mo.  Mrs.  Gushing  accompanied  her  husband  {v.  ante) 
to  Europe,  and  the  volumes  above  noticed  contain  letters 
to  her  friends  whilst  absent.  See  very  interesting  extracts 
in  the  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  xxxvii.  104^117,  (by  Ales.  H.  Everett.) 
"This  accomplif-hed  lady,  as  is  sufficiently  evident  from  tliese 
volumes,  was  eijually  well  fitted  to  shine  iu  the  hiij;her  sphere  of 
letters,  and  to  grace  the  private  walks  of  social  and  domestic  life." 
Cushing,  Jacob,  D.D.,  of  Waltham,  Massachusetts, 
died  1809,  aged  78.  Serms.,  1706,  71,  '72,  '78,  '93,  '96. 
Cushing,  John.  The  Exotic  Gardener,  1812,  Svo. 
CushiuG^,  Luther  Stearns,  18U3-1855,  Worcester 
CO.,  Mass.,  a  distinguished  Law  Writer  and  Judge.  Treatise 
on  the  Trustee  Process,  or  Foreign  Attachment,  Svo,  1833. 
Insolvent  Laws  of  Mass.,  12mo,  1S39.  Supp.  to  Revised 
Statutes  of  Mass.,  Svo,  1854.  Reports  of  Controverted 
Election  iu  Mass.,  Svo,  1852.  Proceedings  and  Debates  in 
the  House  of  Rep.  previous  to  the  election  of  Speaker  iu 
Jan.  1843,  Svo.  Pothier  on  Contracts,  translated  by  Gush- 
ing, Svo,  1839.  Civil  Laws  in  their  natural  order,  by 
Domat,  edited  by  Gushing,  2  vols.  Svo,  1850.  Rules  of 
Proceedings  and  Debates  in  Deliberative  Assemblies, 
18rao,  1854. 
"  This  is  the  standard  textbook  for  Legislative  Bodies  of  the  U.  S." 

463 


cus 

C.  J.  A.  Mittormaier  on  the  Effect  of  Drunkenness  on 
Criminal  Responsibility,  from  the  German,  by  Cushing, 
8vo,  1841.  Savigny's  Analysis  of  the  Law  of  Possession, 
from  the  French,  by  Cushing,  8vo,  1838.  A.  C.  Renouard's 
Theory  of  the  Rights  of  Authors,  from  the  French,  8vo, 
1S39.  Romodial  Law,  8vo,  1837.  Introd.  to  the  Study  of 
Roman  Law,  12mo,  1854.  Rep.  of  the  Supreme  Judicial 
Court  of  Mass.  from  1848,  8  vols.  Law  and  Practice  of 
Legislative  Assemblies  in  U.  S.,  1855.  One  of  the  leading 
editors  of  the  later  vols,  of  the  Jurist  .ind  Law  Magazine. 

"The  accurate  translation  of  Pothier  ou  the  Contract  of  Sale  by 
so  frood  a  writer  as  Mr.  Cu.shjug,  is  a  valuable  service  alike  to  the 
profession  and  general  reader." — N.  Amer.  Rev.,  xlviii.  553. 

*_'  Considering  the  age  and  circumstances  in  which  it  was  written, 
it  is  a  truly  wonderful  performance.  His  method  is  excellent,  and 
his  matter  clear,  exact,  and  comprehensive." — Judge  Story:  Pref. 
to  Bailmenls. 

Cushman,  Robert,  died  1626.  The  Sin  and  Dan- 
ger of  Self-Love,  Lon.,  1622;  Boston,  1724:  Plymouth, 
with  memoir  <if  Cushman,  by  John  Davis,  1785.  See  an 
account  of  this  energetic  layman  la  Belknap's  Amer.  Biog., 
et  V.  N.  A.  Review. 

Custance,  George.  View  of  the  Constitution  of 
England,  1808,  Svo ;  3d  ed.,  1815.  Drawn  from  Black- 
stone,  Christian,  De  Lolme,  and  others.  Reformation  and 
Fund.  Doctrines  of  the  Ch.  of  England,  1813,  Svo. 

Cutbiish,  James.  Treatise  ou  Pyrotechny,  Phila., 
1825,  Svo. 

Cuthbert,  died  about  678,  a  disciple  of  Bede,  wrote  a 
letter  to  Cuthwine,  giving  an  account  of  the  death  of  their 
master.  This  letter  will  be  found  in  Bede's  works,  Ac. : 
see  Wright's  Biog.  Brit.  Lit. 

Cuthbert  of  Canterbury,  died  758,  succeeded  Not- 
helm  in  the  sec  of  Canterbury,  about  740.  He  wrote  some 
metrical  compositions,  which  are  not  considered  as  indica- 
tive of  remarkable  poetical  genius. —  Ubi  supra. 

Cuthbert,  R.  Theory  of  Tides,  Quebec,  Lon., 1811, Svo. 

Cuthbertson,  John.  Electricity  and  Galvanism, 
Lon.,  1807,  Svo.  Other  works,  and  con.  to  Nic.  Jour., 
1798-1810. 

Cuthbertson,  Joua.     Distance-Measure,  1792,  Svo. 

Cutler,  Ueiijamin  Clarke,  D.D.,  b.  at  Roxbury, 
Mass.,  graduated  at  Brown  Univ.,  1822  ;  received  the  de- 
gree of  D.D.  from  Columbia  College,  N.  York,  1836  ;  was 
called  to  the  Rectorship  of  St.  Anne's  Church,  Brooklyn, 
1833,  and  still  continues  rector,  (1858.)  1.  Century  Sermon, 
Christ  Church,  Quincy,  Mass.,  1826.  2.  Sermon,  N.  York 
City  Mission.  1832.  3.  Thanksgiving  Sermon,  1835.  4. 
Sermon  on  National  Independence,  1840.  5.  Sermon  on 
the  death  of  Albert  ^V.  Duy,  1846.  6.  Sermon  on  the 
death  of  Rev.  F.  C.  Clements,  1853.  7.  Parochial  Ser- 
mons, 21  in  number,  Phila.,  1867,  12mo.  Other  sermons, 
discourses,  tracts,  Ac. 

Cutler,  Rev.  Manassch,  died  1823,  aged  SO.  Cen- 
tury Discourse,  1815.  American  Plants,  in  Mem.  Amer. 
Acad. 

Cutler,  Jfath.  Coasting  Pilot,  Lon.,  1728,  foK  This 
composes  the  second  part  of  the  Atlantis  Maritimi. 

Cutler,  Thomas,  M.D.  Surgeon's  Practical  Guide 
in  Bandages,  Lon.,  1836,  f.  8vo. 

"This  appears  to  be  a  valuable  little  treatise." — Lon.  Mrd.  Gaz. 

Popular  Surgery  from  the  French  of  Mayor,  with  addits., 
1846,  12mo. 

Cutler,  Timothy,  D.D.,  1CS3-1765,  Pres.  of  Yalo 


DAB 

College,  1719-22,  a  man  of  profound  learning.  Sermons, 
1717,  '57.  See  Holmes's  Life  of  Stiles,  387,  and  Annals, 
ii.  14.3. 

Cutlore,  Joseph.  Serm.  about  Swearing ;  on  Exod. 
XX.  7.  16S2,  4to.  An  excellent  subject.  The  profane 
swearer  should  be  driven  out  of  the  society  of  honest  men, 
Serm.  on  Rom.  xii.  10,  1682,  4to. 

Cutspear,  W.     Dramatic  Rights,  Lon.,  1802,  Svo. 

Cutter,  C,  M.D.,  a  j)opular  lecturer  on  Physiology, 
First  Lessons  in  Anatomy.  Ac,  N.  York,  12mo.  Anatomy, 
Physiology,  and  Hygiene,  12mo.  Anatomical  Plates  (10) 
for  schools. 

Cutter,  Capt.  George  VV.  Buena  Vista,  and  other 
Poems,  Cincinnati,  1848,  12mo.  Song  of  Steam,  and  other 
Poems,  with  a  Portrait,  Cincinnati,  12mo.  Poems,  Na- 
tional and  Patriotic,  Phila.,  1857,  Svo. 

''The  finest  of  his  compositions  is  The  Song  of  Steam,  which  is 
worthy  of  the  praise  it  has  received,  of  being  one  of  the  best  lyrics 
of  tile  century.  The  Song  of  Lightning,  written  more  recently,  is 
perhaps  next  to  it  iu  merit." — Grisvjold's  FoeU  and  Poetry  of  Ame- 
rica, q.  V. 

Cutter,  Wm.,  b.  1801,  in  Maine,  gr.aduated  at  Bow- 
doin  Coll.,  1821,  historian  and  poet.  Life  of  Putnam:  of 
La  Fayette.  Ancjnymous  author  of  some  12  vols.  Con- 
tributor of  poetry  and  miscellaneous  matter  to  various 
leading  journals. 

Cutting,  John  H.,  M.D.  Con.  to  Med.  Chir.  Trans., 
ISll. 

Cutts,  Rev.  Edward  L.  A  Manual  for  the  study 
of  the  Sepulchral  Slabs  and  Crosses  of  the  Middle  Ages, 
Lon.,  1S49.  Svo. 

Cutts,  Lord  John,  died  1707,  was  a  distinguished 
officer  in  the  wars  of  William  III.  Addison,  in  a  Latin 
poem,  applauds  the  bravery  of  Lord  Cutts  at  the  siege  of 
Buda,  1680.  His  lordship  was  author  of  a  Poem  on  the 
Death  of  Queen  Mary,  and  Poet.  Exercises,  Lon.,  1687,  Svo. 

Cutts,  John.  Rebellion  Defeated,  or  the  Fall  of  Des- 
mond ;  a  Tragedy,  1745,  4to ;  Reed,  7925.  £2  12«.  M. 

Cutwodc,  T.  Caltha  Poet.irum,  or  the  Bumble  Bee, 
Lon.,  1599,  sm.  Svo. 

"  Stay'd  at  the  press,  by  order  of  the  .\bp.  of  Canterbury  and 
Bp.  of  London,  and  such  copys  as  could  be  found,  or  were  already 
taken,  were  to  'bee  prcsentlye  broughte  to  the  Bp.  of  London  to 
be  burnte,'  and  '  noe  satvres  or  epigrams[tol  be  printed  hereafter.' " 
See  Steevens,  Sale  1040. 

This  r.are  piece  was  reprinted  in  1815,  4to,  by  Richard 
Heber.  Esq.,  for  the  Roxburghe  Club,  32  copies  taken. 
Sir  M.  M.  Sykes,  1018,  £2  ?,>.;  Boswell,  3026,  £4;  Dent, 
pt.  2,  1193,  £2.  See  Dibdin's  Literary  Reminiscences  j 
Lowndes's  Bibl.  Manual. 

Cuyler,  Rev.  C.  C.  The  Signs  of  the  Times,  Phila., 
12mo. 

Cuyler,  Rev.  Theodore  Ledyard,  born  1S22.  in 
New  Y'ork.  Str.ay  Arrows,  New  I'ork,  ISmo.  Contributor 
to  several  periodicals. 

Cynewulf,  Kenulf,  Kenulfns,  or  Chenulfus, 
who  died  1008,  was  made  Abbot  of  Peterborough  about 
992,  according  to  Hugo  Candidus,  the  historian  of  Peter- 
borough. He  is  supposed  to  have  been  the  author  of  some 
religious  poems  in  the  eolleclion  of  Anglo-Saxon  poems 
in  the  Exeter  and  Vercelli  MSS.  Mr.  Kemble  discovered 
the  name  concealed  under  a  playful  device.  Whether  Mr. 
Kemble's  Cynewulf  be  the  Abbot  of  Peterborough  or  not, 
is  a  question  involved  in  some  obscurity. 


D. 


Dabney,  J.  P.  Annotations  on  the  Bible,  New  York, 
12mo.  An  edit,  of  The  Now  Testament,  by  William  Tyn- 
dale,  the  Martyr,  Andover  and  New  York,  1S37,  Svo. 

"  The  Anglo-American  edition  is  edited  with  much  industry  and 
taste  by  the  liev.  J.  P.  D.ibney.  It  contains  first  a  reprint  o"f  the 
London  edition  just  noticed,  [pub.  in  1S;1C;]  secondly,  the  essential 
variations  of  Coverdale's,  Matthew's,  Cranmer's,  the  Genevan,  and 
Bishops'  Bibles  as  marginal  readings,  thus  presenting  a  complete 
variorum  edition  of  the  vernacular  versions;  and  thirdly,  a  pre- 
tace,and  an  interesting  memoir  of  the  martyr  Tindale,  recast  from 
the  memoir  cnnipiled  by  the  London  editor,  a  list  of  Tyndale's 
writings,  an  account  of  the  early  vern.%cu]ar  versions,  select  colla- 
tions of  the  first  and  second  editions  of  Tyndale,  and  a  tabular  list 
of  the  more  common  distinctive  expressions  used  by  him."  See 
Ilorne's  Bibl.  Bib.;  Biblical  Repository,  x.  496. 

Dabney,  Richard,  a  poet  and  scholar,  born  in  Louisa 
county,  Virginia,  about  1786,  of  an  ancient  family,  "  known 
in  early  times  in  England  by  the  name  of  Daubeney,  and 
in  France  by  that  of  D'Aubignfi.      Richard  was  nearly 


grown  before  his  classical  education  began,  but  he  made 
very  rapid  jiroficiency,  and  attained  a  rare  familiarity  with 
the  best  Latin  and  Greek  authors,  as  well  as  with  Italian 
and  English  literature.  At  the  burning  of  the  Richmond 
Theatre  in  ISll.  when  70  persons  perished,  he  escojied 
barely  with  his  life,  suffering  from  burns  and  bruises,  which 
permanently  shattered  his  constitution.  In  1812  he  pub- 
lished a  small  volume  of  Poems  and  Translations,  of  which 
a  second  edition  much  improved  appeared  in  1815,  pub- 
lished by  Mathew  Carey,  bookseller  and  publisher,  of 
Philadelphia.  The  translations,  some  of  them  spirited 
and  elegant,  were  from  the  Greek  of  Alcajus,  Euripides, 
Sappho,  Tyrta-us,  and  several  minor  poets  in  Dalzell's  Col- 
lectanea GriKca,  the  Latin  of  Martial  and  Seneca,  and  the 
Italian  of  Petrarch,  Carlo  Fugoni,  and  others.  He  early 
fell  into  habits  of  intemperance,  which,  co-operating  with 
his  injuries  received  at  the  burning  theatre,  made  him 


DAB 


DAL 


suffer  in  1S25  a  death  of  j,'reat  bodily  pfiin,  embittered  by 
disappointment,  and  the  consciousness  of  uncommon  powers 
almost  uselessly  spent." 

Daborne,  Robert,  A  Christian  turn'd  Turke;  a 
Tragedy.  Lon.,  1612,  4to.  The  Poor  Man's  Comfort:  a 
Trap;i-Comedy,  lfi55,  4to.     Perm,  on  Zach.  xi.  7,  161S,  8vo. 

Da  Costa,  Emanuel  Meiidez,fniei;,'n  secretary  to 
the  Royal  Pooiety.  d.  about  17S8.  Nat.  Hist,  of  Fossils, 
Lon.,  1757,  4to.  Trans,  of  Cronstedt's  Mineralogy,  1770, 
8vo.  Conchology,  1776.  Svo.  Hist.  Nat.  Testaceorura 
BritauniEe;  in  Eng.  and  French,  1778,  4to.  Con.  to  Phil. 
Trans,  on  Fossils.  &c.,  1747,  '5.3,  '57,  '59,  '62, 

"  A  Gentleman  well  skilled  in  Philosophical  learning  and  Natu- 
ral Knowledge,  particularly  in  what  relat4?s  to  the  jlineral  and 
Fossil  Parts  of  the  Creation;  one  exceedingly  dili^^ent  in  his  En- 
quiries; and  who,  by  applying  himself  with  p;ieat  assiduity  to  the 
Study  of  Natural  History,  is  likely  to  be  a  useful  Meniltpr  of  the 
Koyal  Society,  and  a  zealous  Promc^ter  of  Natural  Knowledge,  fur 
the  advancement  uf  whirh  the  s:inie  was  founded." 

Thus  complimentary  was  the  certificate  recommending 
Da  Costa  to  a  membership  of  the  Royal  Society.  It  was 
signed  by  the  Duke  of  Montagu,  Martin  Folkes,  Rryan 
Fairfax,  Henry  Baker,  Dr.  James  Parsons,  Peter  ColHnson, 
and  James  Theobald.  Much  interesting  matter  relative  tu 
Da  Costa  will  be  found  in  Nichols's  Literary  Anecdotes, 
and  an  account  of  his  family,  comj^iled  from  his  own  notes, 
may  be  seen  in  Gent.  Mag.,  Ixxxiii.  21. 

I>a  Costa,  J.  Fr.,  Eng.,  and  Spau.  Grammar,  Lon., 
1752.  8vo.  Alexandri  Pope  de  Honiine.  Jaoobi  Thomson 
et  ThomiB  Gray,  Selecta  Carmina  ex  Britanuica,  in  Latinam 
Linguam  translata,  P;idoua,  1776.  4to. 

Da  Costa,  J.,  M.D.  Trans,  from  the  Germ.an  of  Kol- 
liker's  Anatomy  of  the  Human  Body.  Phila.,  1855,  Svo. 

Dacre,  Lady,  has  acquired  considerable  celebrity  as 
a  novelist.  The  Recollections  of  a  Chaperon,  Lon.,  18.33, 
3  vols.  p.  Svo.  In  1834  appeared  Trcvelyan,  3  vols.  p.  8vo. 
This  novel,  pub.  anonymously,  was  ascribed  both  to  Lady 
Scott  and  Lady  Dacre,  and  declared  superior  to  any  pro- 
duction of  a  female  pen  since  the  publication  of  Miss 
Edgeworth's  Vivian.    Peerage  and  Peasantry,  3  vols.  p.  Svo. 

"  We  are  very  anxious  to  recommend  these  tales  to  our  readers; 
and  the  best  proof  of  the  opinion  we  have  formed  of  them  is  to  be 
found  in  this,  that,  with  this  anxiety,  we  have  coupled  them  with 
the  Tales  of  Wuman's  Trials  [by  Mrs.  P.  C.  Hall.]  They  will  not 
lose — perhaps  they  may  gain  by  the  comparison."— i?«i<im  Univ. 
Mag.,  vii.  2\X 

Dacre,  Rev,  B.  Testimonies  in  favour  of  Salt  as  a 
Manure,  Manches.,  1834.  Svo,  pp.  288. 

"  It  failed  to  lead  to  any  use  of  the  mineral  in  that  way." — Do- 
nnldson's  AgriruU.  Bing. 

Dacre,  Charlotte,  or  Mrs.  Byrne,  who  sometimes 
published  under  the  name  of  "  Kosa  Matilda,"  gave  several 
novels  and  poems  to  the  world.  Confessions  of  the  Nun 
at  St.  Omer's,  1805,  3  vols.  Hours  of  Solitude:  Poems, 
1805,  2  vols.  Svo.  She  also  pub.  Zofloya;  The  Libertine  j 
and  The  Passions. 

Dacres,>ViIIiam,  Elcmentsof  Water  Drawing,  Lon., 
1G60.  4to. 

Dadd,  George  H.,  M.D..  b.  1813,  England,  settled 
in  U.  S.,  1839,  Veterinary  Surgeon.  Outlines  of  Anatomy 
and  Physiology  of  the  Horse,  Svo.  pp.  306.  Amer.  Cattle 
Doctor,  Svo,  pp.  359.  Modern  Horse  Doctor,  1854,  Svo, 
pp.  432. 

"A  very  valu.'iMe  work  for  those  who  have  the  care  of  horses." 

Manual  of  Veterinary  Science.  8vn.  pp.  500,  1855.  Ed. 
Am.  A'etorinary  Journal.  Svo,  pp.  .3S4. 

Dacie,  John.     Almanacks,  155S.  1007,  Ac. 

Dade,  Wni.  Alnianaclss,  1624,  Ac.  John  and  Wm. 
Dade  seem  to  have  pub.  almanacks  *'for  the  greater  part 
of  the  17th  century." 

Dade,  Wm.,  il.  1790.  Proposals  for  the  History  and 
Anti(|nity  of  Hiddcrness.  Yorkshire.  IIH?,. 

Dadby,  Joseph.     Funl.  8crm..  Lon.,  1740.  Svo. 

Dafforiie,  Richard.  Merchant's  Mirror,  Lon.,  1635. 
Suhscquently  annexed  to  Gerard  Malyne's  Consuetudo  vel 
Lex  Mercatoria.  The  Apprentice's  'Time  Entertainer  Ac- 
comptantly.  1669,  4to. 

Dagge,  Henry.  Considerations  on  the  Criminal  Law, 
Lon.,  1772,  8voj  2d  ed.,  1774,  3  vols.  12mo.  A  valuable 
work. 

Dagse,  Jonathan.     Serms.,  170.3,  '09,  &c. 

Dagee,  Robert.  Proteus;  or  the  Jesuit  detected, 
1746,  Svo. 

Daggett,  Naphtali,  P.D.,  Pres.  of  Tale  College,  d. 
17S0.      .'lerms..  1767.  '70,  '73. 

Ditgleish.  Wm.,  D.D.     Bee  D.iloleish. 

Dagley,  Richard.  Gems,  principally  from  the  An- 
tique, with  Illustrations.  Part  1,  Lon..  1804,  4to.  New 
cd.,  1822,  p.  Svo,  with  Illustrations  in  Verse,  by  the  Rev. 
Geo.  Crolj.  Death's  Doings  ;  Prose  and  Verse,  1826,  Svo. 
30 


Dagnilar,  Miss  Rose.  Gortz  of  Berlichingen;  a 
Hist.  Drnrn.  i'rnm  the  German  of  Goethe,  1799. 

Dahme.     Sermons.  1755,  '58,  Svo. 

Daking,  Wm.,  D.D.  Trans,  of  the  Hist,  of  Catherine, 
Empress  of  Russia,  1798,  2  vols.  Svo.  Serms.,  1801,  '03, 
'06.  '07,  'OS,  '10. 

Dakins,  Wm.,  d.  1607,  one  of  the  translators  of  the 
Bible. /e»7J.  James  I.,  had  assigned  to  him  the  Epistles  of 
St.  Paul  and  the  canonical  Epi.ttles. 

Dalbiae,  Major  James  Charles.  A  Military  Cate- 
chism for  the  use  of  young  officers,  1806.  See  McCuUoch's 
Lit.  of  Polit.  Economy,  p.  SO. 

Dalby,  Isaac,  1744-1824.  Course  of  Mathematics, 
Lon..  ISllo.  (tc.  2  vols.  Svo.     Other  mathematical  works. 

Dalby,  Joseph.  The  Virtues  of  Cinnabar  and  Musk 
against  the  Bile  of  a  Mad  Dog,  Birm.,  1764,  4to. 

Dalcho,  Frederick,  1769-1836,  b.  in  London:  came 
to  the  U.  States  while  a  lad  ;  was  a  physician  in  Charleston, 
S.C..  1800.  and  became  an  Episcopal  minister  there  in  1819. 
1.  Evidence  of  the  Divinity  of  Our  Saviour,  1830.  2.  His- 
torical Accountof  the  Protestant  Episcopal  Church  in  South 
Carolina,  Charleston,  1820,  Svo.  3.  Ahimau  Rezon;  for 
the  Use  of  Freemasons.  1822,  Svo. 

Dale,  John.  Analysis  of  the  Epistles  N.  T.,  Oxf., 
1662.  12mo. 

Dale,  M.     Value  of  Annuities,  Lon.,  1777,  8to. 

Dale,  Robert.  Cat.  of  the  Nobility,  Ac.  of  England, 
1679.  Svo. 

Dale,  Samnel,M.D.,  1659-1739.  Pharmacologia  seu 
manuductio  ad  Materiam  Medicam,  Lon.,  1693,  Svo  ;  seve- 
ral edits,  much  improved,  1737,  4to.  Pub.  at  Leyden, 
1739.  '51,  4to. 

"The  whole  consists  almost  entirely  of  Names  and  Synonymes, 
with  a  very  brief  account  of  the  powers  of  each  medicine." — Dr. 
■W.\TT. 

'•Scarcely  in  any  author  is  there  a  more  copious  collection  of 
synonyms." — T>R.  I'ci.tenet. 

Hist,  and  Antiq.  of  Harwick  and  Dover  Court,  with  an 
Appendix  first  collected  by  Silas  Taylor,  alian  Dornville, 
and  now  much  enlarged,  Lon.,  1730.  4to  ;  2d  edit.,  1732,  4to. 

"That  part  of  this  work  which  rejiards  natural  history  is  so  cfr 
pious  and  accurate  as  to  render  the  book  a  real  acquisition  to 
science."     See  Pulteney's  Sketches  of  Botany. 

Dale  contributed  several  papers  to  Phil.  Trans, 

Dale,  Thomas.  De  Pareira  Brava  et  Ser.aphia  Off., 
Lugd.  Bat,.  1723,  4to. 

Dale,  Thomas.  Trans,  of  Reynault's  Entretiena 
Physiques,  Lon.,  1731,  3  vols.  Svo. 

Dale,  Thomas,  b.  1797,  London,  Canon-Residentiary 
of  St,  Paul's,  and  Vicar  of  St.  Paucras.  Widow  of  Nain, 
1818.  Domestic  Liturgy  and  Family  Chaplain,  1S46,  p.  Svo. 

"A  valualile  substitute  for  the  more  etfective  practice  of  com- 
munion wiiPU  circumstances  occur  to  interrupt  or  prevent  attend- 
ance at  public  worship.'' — Lfm.  Lit.  Gaz. 

Sabbath  Companion:  2  Series,  1S44,  Ac. 

'*  They  are  full  of  truth  and  beauty;  and  so  may  God  speed 
them!" — Ch.  of  Enffland  Qiiar.  Review. 

■Translation  of  Sophocles,  1824.  Sermons  at  Cambridge, 
1832,  '35,  '36,  3  vols.  Svo.  Sermons  at  St.  Bride's,  Lon- 
don, 1830,  Svo.  The  Good  Shepherd,  1845.  Golden  Psalm, 
1847.     Sermons  at  Denmark  Ilill,  Svo. 

''Dale's  Discourses  produce  an  overwhcliuing  effect  upon  hifl 
audiences,  spoken  as  they  are  in  the  author's  calm,  solemn  man- 
ner."— Preshijt.  Review,  Sept.  lS3t>. 

Poetical  Works:  new  ed.,  1.S42,  sm.  Svo. 

Dalechamp,  Caleb.  Viudicia^  Salamonis;  sive  de 
ejus  lajisu  statu(iue  letcrno,  Lon.,  1622,  4to.  Excrcita- 
tioues.  1624.  4to.  Ilarrisonus  honoratus,  Cantab.,  1632, 
Svo.     Hospitality:  on  Horn.  xii.  13,  1632,  4to. 

Dales,  Major  Sanil.  An  Essay  on  the  Study  of  the 
History  of  Eugland.  Lon,,  1809,  Svo. 

Daigarno,  George,  1627-1687,  a  native  of  Old  Aber- 
deen, was  noted  for  his  learning.  Ars  Signorum,  vulgo 
Character  universalis  et  Lingua  phi!osophica,Lon.,l  66  l,Svo. 

His  treatise  was  enlarged  upon  by  Bishop  Wilkins,  in 
his  Essay  towards  a  real  Character  and  a  Philosophical 
Language;  with  an  Alphabetical  Dictionary,  1668,  fol. 
Daltrarno  wrote  also  Didascolocophus,  or  the  Deaf  and 
Dumb  Man's  Tutor,  Oxf.,  1680,  Svo. 

Dalgleish,  John.     Sermons,  Edin..  1711,  4to. 

Dalgleish,  Wm.,  D.D.  Serms.,  Edin.,  1786,  '99,4 
vols.  Svo. 

Dalhusins,  J.  H.  Theolog.  and  other  works,  Lon. 
and  Edin..  1689.  '91. 

Dalison,  Dallison,  or  Dallizon,  Giilielme. 
Cases.  Reports.  Ac.  Lon.,  1609, 12mo.  Reports  des  divers 
Cases  adjugez  en  la  Court  del  Common  Bank  en  les  Regnes 
Mar.  et  Eliz.,  1689.  fol.  Dalison's  Reports  were  collected 
and  pub.  with  Benloe's,  by  John  Rowe,  and  others  had  ap- 
peared in  Ashe  and  Kcilwey. 

465 


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"  Of  Dalison  litHe  is  known,  and  his  Keports  long  since  ranlted 
omon"  the  antiquities  of  the  Law,  and  are  now  almost  obsolete  and 
valueless."— A/ai-mn's  Legal  Bibl.,  q.v.;  also  Bridg.  Leg.  BiW.,  19.i ; 
Wineh's  Rep.,  4.3 ;  and  ^Vallace's  Keporters,  14. 

Dallam,  James  W.     Laws  of  Texas,  Bait.,  1845,  Svo. 
Dallas,  Alevandcr  James,  1759-1817,  third  son 
of  Koliert  Charles  Dallas,  was  a  native  of  Jamaica,  to  which 
island  his  father,  an  eminent  physician,  had   emigrated 
from  Scotland  about  the  middle  of  the  18th  century.      Upon 
his  father's  return  to  Scotland.  Alexander  was  placed  at  an 
academy  in  the  neighbourhood  of  London,  under  the  care 
of  James  Elphinston.  a  familiar  name  to  the  readers  of 
BoswcU's  Johnson.     With  the  great  lexicographer,  and  the 
equally  famed  philosopher— Dr.  Franklin— young  Dallas 
became  acquainted  whilst  still  a  student.     In  178U  he  was 
married  to  Arabella  Maria  Smith,  a  daughter  of  Major 
George  Smith,  of  the  British  Army.     In   1781,  after  the 
death  of  his  father,  Mr.  Dallas  sailed  fur  Jamaica,  and  had 
resided  in  that  island  for  two  years  when  he  determined  to 
emigrate  to  the  United  States.     He  arrived  at  the  city  of 
New  York  in  1783,  and  proceeding  to  Philadelphia,  took 
the  oath  of  allegiance  to  the  Commonwealth  of  Pennsyl- 
vani.t  the  10th  day  after  his  first  landing  on  the  shores  of 
the  United  States.     In  1785  he  was  admitted  to  the  Bar  of 
the  Supreme  Court  of  Pennsylvania,  and  in  four  or  five 
years  became  a  practitioner  in  the  Courts  of  the  United 
States.     It  has  been  mentioned  as  a  striking  proof  of  his 
industry  and  zeal  in  his  legal  pursuits,  that 

*'  Within  five  years  after  his  admission  to  the  bar.  he  collected 
and  prepared  for  puljlication  a  volume  of  cases,  many  of  which 
were  decided  before  the  Revolution :  a  service  to  the  profession, 
and,  we  may  say,  to  the  law  itself  at  that  time,  which  we,  at  this 
day,  can  scarcely  appreciate." 

See  National  Portrait  Gallery  of  Distinguished  Ameri- 
cans. Phila.,  1S53,  (article  Geouge  Mifflin  D.yllas,)  to 
which  we  acknowledge  our  obligations. 

In  1791  Mr.  Dallas  was  appointed  Secretary  to  the  Com- 
monwealth of  Pennsylvania,  and  upon  the  election  of  Mr. 
Jefferson  to  the  Presidency,  he  became  Attorney  of  the 
United  States  for  the  Eastern  District  of  Pcniii-ylvania. 
He  continued  in  this  office  until  October,  1S14.  when  he 
was  appointed  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  of  the  Uuited 
States.  In  1S15  "he  undertook  the  additional  trust  of 
Secretary  of  War,  and  performed  with  success  the  delicate 
task  of  reducing  the  army  of  the  United  States." 

In  November,  1816,  the  country  being  at  peace,  its 
finances  arranged,  and  the  machinery  of  government  un- 
disturbed by  any  of  the  obstructions  which  had  so  long 
retarded  the  harmonious  action  of  its  various  functions,  Mr. 
Dallas  felt  that  he  had  a  right  to  claim  for  his  declining 
years  a  measure  of  that  repose  which  he  had  long  post- 
poned to  the  pressing  exigencies  of  his  adopted  country. 
He  therefore  resigned  his  official  trusts,  and  returned  to  the 
practice  of  the  law  in  Philadelphia.  But  the  pressing  re- 
sponsibilities which  had  so  long  tasked  his  mental  and 
bodily  powers  had  doubtless  affected  his  constitution,  and 
he  feil  an  easy  victim  to  an  attack  of  gout  in  the  stomach 
— the  result  of  exposure  to  the  cold  when  engaged  in  an 
important  suit — in  about  two  months  after  his  return  to 
private  life.  America  will  ever  have  reason  to  cherish  with 
affectionate  reverence  the  memory  of  the  name  and  services 
of  Alexander  James  Dallas. 

As  a  man  of  letters — equally  conversant  with  the  refine- 
ments of  elegant  literature,  and  the  graver  studies  incident 
to  his  professional  duties — Mr.  Dallas  enjoyed  great  repu- 
tation. His  contributions  to  the  periodical  literature  of 
the  day  were  numerous,  and  we  have  the  testimony  that 

"  Ilis  essays  will  bear  a  comparison  with  those  of  his  contempo- 
raries ;  and  this  is  no  small  pi-aise,  for  franklin,  Hush,  and  Hop- 
kiuson  were  of  the  number." 

He  was  for  some  time  editor  of  The  Columbian  Magazine. 
He  published,  1.  Featuresof  Jay's  Treaty,  1795.  2.  Speeches 
on  the  trial  of  Blount,  and  the  impeachment  of  the  Judges. 
3.  The  Laws  of  Pennsylvania  from  Oct.  14,  17110.  to  Dee. 
1,  ISOl;  with  Notes  Republished  under  the  authority  of 
the  Legislature.  4  vols,  fob,  1797-1801.  4.  Address  to  the 
Society  of  Constitutional  Republicans,  1805.  5.  Reports 
of  Cases  in  the  Courts  of  the  United  States  and  Pennsyl- 
vania, before  and  since  the  Revolution,  4  vols.  Svo,  1790- 
1807.  Vol.  i.  contains  Cases  adjudged  in  the  Courts  of 
Pennsylvania,  namely,  the  Common  Pleas,  Supreme  Court, 
and  the  High  Court  of  Errors  and  Appeals,  before  and  since 
the  Revolution  to  1789;  with  an  Appendix,  containing  the 
Cases  of  the  Court  of  Chancery  in  Pennsylvania  ;  3d  edit, 
with  addits.  and  copious  Notes  by  Thomas  I.  Wharton. 
Vtd.  iv.  has  recently  been  reprinted,  with  Notes  and  Re- 
ferences by  Benjamin  Gerhard,  Esq.  Vols,  ii.,  iii.,  and  iv. 
contain  Cases  adjudged  in  the  set-era/ Courts  of  the  United 


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Stiftss  and  of  Pennsylvania,  from  the  year  1781  to  Decem- 
ber Term,  1806,  Phila.,  1830,  4  vols.  r.  Svo. 

With  the  exception  of  Kirby's,  these  are  the  eldest  Re- 
ports in  the  United  States.  In  many  of  the  cases  the  re- 
porter was  engaged  as  counsel.  Of  the  value  of  these 
Reports  we  have  the  followiug  testimony  from  an  eminent 

authority: 

"They  do  credit  to  the  Court,  the  Bar.  and  the  Reporter;  they 
show  readiness  in  practice,  liljerality  in  principle,  strong  reason, 
and  legal  learning;  the  method,  too,  is  clear,  and  the  language 
plain."— Loud  M-ixsriELD.  t.    r    oo 

Peak's  Evid.  by  Randall,  Pref. ;  1  Com.  Rep.  Pref.,  28; 
6  Month.  Anth.,  156;  Marvin's  Leg.  Bibl.,  249. 

6.  Exposition  of  the  Causes  and  Character  of  the  lata 
AVar,  1815.  The  author's  son,  Hon.  George  Mifflin  Dallas, 
proposed  in  1817  to  publish  a  collective  edition  of  his 
father's  works  in  3  vols.  Among  his  papers  were  some 
unfinished  sketches  of  a  history  of  Pennsylvania,  which, 
if  completed,  would,  from  the  author's  familiarity  with  the 
topic  and  literary  .ability,  have  proved  a  valuable  record 
of  a  most  interesting  portion  of  the  annals  of  the  infant 
republic.  . 

Dallas,  Rev.  Alexander  Robert  Charles,  one  of 
the  most  exemplary  and  distinguished  of  the  clergy  of  the 
Church  of  England,  is  a  son  of  Robert  Charles  Dallas,  Esq., 
(the  friend  and  connexion  of  Lord  Byron,)  whose  literary 
labours  we  shall  have  occasion  to  chronicle  hereafter.     The 
subject  of  this  notice  served  for  many  years  as  an  officer 
in  the  English  army,  and  was  at  every  engagement  at  which 
the  Duke  of  Wellington  was  present,  throughout  the  Pen- 
insular War.     He  was  at  the  battle  of  Waterloo,  also,  as 
was  his  cousin  and  brother-in-law,  Mr.  (now  the  Rev.) 
Charles  Dallas,  who  was  badly  wounded  on  that  perilous 
day.     After  returning  to  England,  Charles  Dallas,  under 
the  promptings  of  religious  duty,  determined  to  assume 
holy  orders,  and  his  example  and  friendly  counsel  induced 
A.  R.  C.  Dallas  to  embrace  the  same  sacred  calling.     The 
exemplary  piety  and  unwearied  zeal  in  well-doing  of  these 
devoted  soldiers  of  the  cross,  are  well  known  to  the  world. 
A.  R.  C.  Dallas  for  several  years  laboured  with  great  suc- 
cess in  the  work  of  missions  in  Ireland.     For  the  following 
account  of  this  enterprise,  we  are  indebted  to  the  Hon. 
Judge  Kelley,  of  Philadelphia,  who  recently  spent  some 
days  in  the  hospitable  mansion  of  the  Rev.  Mr.  Dallas. 
Mr.  D.  is  a  first-cousin  of  our  distinguished  townsman, 
George  Mifflin  Dallas,  of  Philadelphia,  late  Vice-President 
of  the  United  States. 

'■  Ml .  Dallas  has  undoubtedly  been  the  chief  agent  and  supporter 
of  the  missionary  work  in  the  west  of  Ireland.  Uis  first  eflorts  in 
this  field  were  in  18+4,  since  when  they  have  been  unremitting, 
and  have  exhibited  in  a  peculiar  combination  the  devotion  of  the 
Christian  with  the  activitv  and  discipline  of  the  soldier.  Uis  first 
effort  was  to  establish  an  efficient  body  of  colporteurs :  this  accom- 
plished, he  obtained  the  name  and  post-office  of  every  farmer 
throu'-'hout  the  region  in  which  his  labours  have  since  been  so 
eflicient.  In  January.  1S45.  each  of  the  persons  whose  addresses 
were  thus  obtjiined.  25,000  in  number,  received  copies  of  the  tirst 
of  a  numerous  series  of  powerful  pamphlets.  The  first,  I  believe, 
was  entitled  'A  Voice  from  Heaven  to  Ireland.'  Since  then  Mr. 
Dallas,  though  faithful  to  hischarge  at  Wonston,  and  meeting  with 
great  frequency  the  committees  connected  with  the  mission  at 
Exeter  Hall— has  passed  a  portion  of  each  year  in  Connaught,  and 
is  personally  known  and  loved  by  thousands  of  its  inhabitants. 
In  1S47  he  assisted  in  founding  the  Connemara  Orphan  House, 
which  was  first  filled  with  those  whose  parents  were  swept  from 
them  by  the  famine  and  cholera  of  1846.  Some  idea  may  be  formed 
of  the  extent  and  blessed  results  of  these  labours,  from  the  fact 
that  0  churches  were  consecnated  by  the  Archbishop  of  Tu.am  in 
AuL'ust.  1852.  the  entire  congregations  of  which  had  but  a  short 
period  before  been  attached  to  the  church  of  Rome." 

Mr.  Dallas  is  the  author  of  many  excellent  works,  the 
beneficial  influence  of  which  upon  the  public  mind  of  Great 
Britain  it  would  be  difficult  to  exaggerate.  We  annex  a 
list;   1.  Practical  Serms.  on  the  Lord's  Prayer,  Lon.,  1823, 

12mo.  ,,   . 

"  The  great  recommendation  of  Mr.  Dallas's  Sermons  is  their 
plainness  and  simplicity:  the  style  is  easy  and  elegant,  and  with 
all  its  plainness  never  degenerates  into  homeliness." — Lon.  Cln-is- 
tian  Jiancmbrantyr. 

2.  Pastoral  Superintendence,  its  motive,  detail,  and  sup- 
port, 1841,  Svo.  ^    _,    , 

"  Many  useful  practical  hints."— BM'frsWft's  Chrishan  Sluaent, 

3.  Ciiratc's  Ofl'ering;  Village  Serms.,  12mo.  4.  Intro- 
duc.  to  Prophet.  Researches,  12rao.  5.  Lent  Lectures  on 
Christ's  Temptation,  ISmo.  6.  Ministerial  Responsibility, 
12mo.  7.  Miraclesof  Christ,  18mo.  8.  Parables  of  Christ, 
ISmo.  9.  Realizing;  the  Strength  of  an  Efi'ectual  Minis- 
try, ISmo.  10.  Rise,  Progress,  and  Prospects  of  Roman- 
ism, Svo.  11.  Scriptural  View  of  the  Position  of  the  Jews, 
12mo.  12.  Serms.  to  Country  Congregations.  13.  Chris- 
tian Mission  at  Castlekerke,  1S49. 12mo.  14.  Look  to  Jeru- 
salem; or  the  Position  of  the  Jews,  5th  ed.,  1853,  ]2mo. 
15.  Missionary  Crisis  in  the  Church  of  England,  1842, 12mo. 


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Ifi.  Pastor's  Assistant.  3  vols,  in  1,  1842,  ]2nio.  17.  Cot- 
tager's Guide  to  the  New  Testament,  6  vols.,  1830-45,  12mQ; 
18.  To  the  Acts  of  the  AposUes,  IS47,  ]2mo;  19.  To  the 
Epistles  of  St.  Paul,  1849.  I2mo.  20.  My  Churehynrrl.  2d 
ed.,  1848,  12mo.  21.  Book  of  Psalms  arranged  for  Devo- 
tional Readings,  2d  ed.,  1847,  32mo.  22.  Revelation  Read- 
ings; vol.  i.,  1848,  12m();  vol.  ii.,  ISJl,  12mo;  vol.  iii., 

1852,  12mo.  23.  Th.j  Point  of  Hope  in  Ireland's  Present 
Crisis,  1849;  2d  ed.,  1850,  12rao.  24.  Prophecy  upon  the 
Mount:  2d  ed..  1848,  12mo.    Transuhstautiation,  1857,  Svo. 

Dallas,  E.  S.     Poetics:  an  Essay  ou  Poetry,  Lon., 

1853,  p.  Svo. 

Dallas,  E.  W.  The  Elements  of  Plane  Practical 
Geometry.  Lon.,  1855,  Svo. 

Dallas,  George,  of  St.  Martin.  Sy.stem  of  Styles  as 
now  practicable  within  the  kingdom  of  Scotland ;  in  6  parts, 
Edin..  1697,  foL,  1774,  2  vuls.  4to. 

Dallas,  Sir  George,  Bart.,  1758-1833,  a  native  of 
London,  of  the  same  family  as  A.  .T.  Dallas.  A  Speech, 
praying  redress  against  an  Act  of  Parliament,  Lon.,  1786, 
Svo.  The  India  Guide;  a  Poem.  Thoughts  on  our  pre- 
sent Situation,  with  remarks  on  the  Policy  of  a  War  with 
France,  1793,  Svo.  Letters  ou  the  Trade  between  ludia 
and  Europe,  1S02,  4to.  Letters  to  Lord  Moiraon  the  Pulit. 
and  Com.  State  of  Ireland.  Vindication  of  the  Justice  and 
Pulicy  of  the  late  "Wars  carried  on  in  Hindostan  and  the 
Dekkan,  by  Marquis  Welle.^ley,  1806,  4to.  A  Biographical 
Memoir  of  the  late  Sir  Peter  Parker,  Bart.,  Captain  of  his 
Majesty's  Ship  Menelaus,  &e.,  1815,  4to.  Other  publica- 
tions. The  remarks  on  the  policy  of  a  war  with  France 
were  greatly  admired  by  Win.  Pitt,  and,  at  his  suggestion, 
reprinted  for  general  distribution.  We  give  an  extract 
from  a  letter  of  Robert  Southey's  : 

"  8ir  Georf^e  Dallas  has  sent  me  .'some  marvellou-s  varies  by  a  son 
of  his,  not  yet  thirteen — as  preat  a  prodi;^y  as  I  have  ever  read  of. 
Verse  appears  as  easy  to  him  as  speech ;  Latin  verse  isat  bisfinfrers' 
end  like  EngUsh;  and  he  has  acted  a  part  in  a  play  of  his  own 
composition,  like  another  Koscius." — To  C.  H.  Tow/islteiid,  Esq., 
ApriJVZ,  181S. 

Dallas, George  Mifflin, LL,D.,  b.  July  10,1792,in  the 
city  of  Philadelphia,  is  a  son  of  Alexander  James  Dallas,  a 
native  of  Jamaica,  and  one  of  the  most  distinguished  aud 
useful  of  America's  adopted  sons,  (v.  ante.)  Indeed,  in 
but  few  families  have  so  many  members  risen  to  distinction 
and  eminent  public  usefulness  as  in  that  of  the  subject  of 
this  notice.  His  grandfather.  Dr.  Dallas,  who  emigrated 
from  Scotland  to  Jamaica  about  the  middle  of  the  18th 
century,  was  one  of  the  most  firominent  professors  of  the 
particular  branch  of  science  to  which  his  energies  were  de- 
voted. Of  his  four  sons,  Robert  Charles  Dallas  became 
one  of  the  most  voluminous  and  useful  writers  of  his  age ; 
and  Alexander  James  Dallas,  Secretary  of  the  Treasury 
and  Secretary  of  War  of  the  Federal  Republic,  deservedly 
acquired  by  his  public  services  a  commanding  position  in 
the  eyes  of  the  American  people.  Their  sister,  Miss  Dallas, 
married  Capt.  Byron  of  the  English  navy,  and  was  mother 
of  the  present  and  seventh  Lord  Byron.  To  the  same 
family  belonged  the  distinguished  brothers,  Sir  George 
Dallas,  whose  political  writings  were  so  warmly  admired 
by  William  Pitt,  and  Sir  Robert  Dallas,  President  Judge 
of  the  Court  of  Common  Pleas.  Is'or  have  the  wisdom  of 
the  Bench  and  the  deliberations  of  the  councils  only,  been 
indebted  to  this  House  :  in  the  Church  it  is  ably  represented 
by  those  excellent  religious  instructors  through  the  pulpit 
and  the  press,  the  Rev.  Alexander  Robert  Charles  Dallas, 
and  Rev.  Charles  Dallas,  who,  after  gaining  military  laurels 
in  the  Peninsula  aud  at  Waterloo  under  Wellington,  are 
now  zealously  engaged  in  the  promotion  of  the  best  inte- 
rests of  the  human  race. 

Of  the  three  sons  of  Alexander  James  Dallas,  the  eldest 
rose  to  the  rank  of  Commodore  in  the  American  navy,  the 
third  was  the  late  Judge  Dallas  of  Pittsburg,  and  the 
second,  George  MitHin  Dallas,  after  occupying  many  pub- 
lic positions,  was,  in  1844,  elected  to  the  Vice-Presidency 
of  the  United  States.  The  particular  incidents  connected 
with  Mr.  Dallas's  career,  which  belong  to  political  rather 
than  t^i  literary  history,  will  not  be  expected  in  this  volume. 
The  reader  will  find  an  excellent  biographical  sketch  in 
the  National  Portrait  Gallery,  Phila.,  1853;  and  his  visit 
to  England  whilst  yet  a  youth  is  noticed  by  his  noble  con- 
nexion. Lord  Byron  the  poet,  in  his  correspondence  with 
Robert  Charles  Dallas.  We  may  mention  an  amusing  in- 
stance of  the  early  display  of  that  principle  of  sturdy  de- 
mocracy for  which  Mr.  Dallas  has  been  distinguished 
through  life.  Upon  his  arrival  in  England  he  called  upon 
and  paid  his  respects  to  his  distinguished  connexion.  Lord 
George  Gordon  Byron,  and  awaited  a  call  in  reply.  His 
uncle,  R.  C.  Dallas,  informed  him  that  peers  were  not  in 


the  habit  of  returning  visits  to  those  of  inferior  rank  to 
their  own,  and  that  it  was  his  place  to  visit  his  lordship. 
But  the  young  republican  declared  that  he  should  not  call 
again  unless  his  first  visit  were  returned.  Lord  Byron  was 
not  a  little  amused  by  this  practical  exhibition  of  repub- 
licanism, and  complied  with  the  code  thus  recommended  to 
him,  and  invited  Mr.  Dallas  to  visit  him  at  Newstead. 

1.  An  Essay  on  the  expediency  of  erecting  any  Monu- 
ment to  Washington  except  that  involved  in  the  preserva- 
tion of  the  American  Union:  printed  in  1811.  2.  An  Ad- 
dress to  the  Democrats  of  Philadelphia  in  vindication  of 
the  War  of  1812  :  delivered  ou  the  4th  July,  1815.  3.  An 
Appeal  to  the  Democracy  of  Pennsylvania,  for  the  election 
of  William  Findlay  as  Governor :  in  1817.  4.  A  Vindica- 
tion of  President  Monroe,  for  authorizing  General  Jackson 
to  pursue  the  hostile  Indians  into  Florida:  in  1819.  5.  An 
Oration  on  Reverence  and  Love  of  our  Country,  before  the 
Cliosophic  and  Whig  Societies,  at  Princeton  College:  in 
1831.  6.  An  Oration  at  Lafayette  College,  Easton,  on  the 
Public  Character  of  Pennsylvania:  iu  1834.  7.  AnAppeal 
to  the  People  of  Pennsylvania  in  favour  of  having  a  formal 
Bcrutiny  instituted  by  the  approaching  Constitutional  Con- 
vention, as  to  the  corrupt  creation  and  fraudulent  invalidity 
of  the  Charter  granted  by  their  Representatives  to  the  Bank 
of  the  United  States  :  in  1836.  8.  Address  before  a  Com- 
mittee of  the  Legislature  pursuing  an  Anti-Masonic  inves- 
tigation ;  denouncing  and  resisting  their  course  as  a  viola- 
tion of  the  private  rights  guaranteed  to  the  citizen  by  the 
Constitution:  in  1836.  9.  An  Address  to  sustain  the  nomi- 
nation of  Andrew  Jackson  to  the  Presidency:  in  182S. 
10.  A  Lecture  before  the  Mercantile  Institution  on  Russia; 
in  lS4n.  11.  Defence  of  Comm.  Jesse  D.  Elliott,  before  a 
Court  Martial:  in  1840.  12.  An  Oration  in  Commemora- 
tion of  the  Centennial  Anniversary  of  Jefferson's  Birth- 
Day:  in  1843.  13.  Eulogy  on  Andrew  Jackson:  at  the 
public  celebration  of  bis  Obsequies  by  the  citizens  of  Phila- 
delphia: in  1845.  14.  Speech  of  Vice-President  Dallas  to 
the  Senate  of  the  United  States,  on  giving  his  casting  vote 
in  favour  of  the  new  Tariff  of  duties  on  Imports:  in  1846. 
15.  Vindication  of  the  Vice-President's  casting  vote  on  the 
Tariff  of  1846,  in  a  series  of  letters:  in  1846.  16.  Address 
as  Chancellor  of  the  Smithsonian  Institute,  on  laying 
the  corner-stone  of  the  edifice  at  Washington:  in  1847. 
17.  Speech  at  the  Celebration  of  the  Centennial  Anniver- 
sary of  the  foundation  of  the  College  of  New  Jersey  :  in 
1847.  18.  Published  Letter  on  the  practicability  and  ex- 
pediency of  securing  by  the  treaty  of  peace  with  Mexico 
the  right  of  way,  and  of  opening  a  Ship  Canal  across  the 
Isthmus  of  Tehuantepec:  in  1847.  19.  Thoughts  on  Mr. 
Trist's  Treaty  of  Peace  with  Mexico:  in  1849.  20.  Eulogy 
on  the  Life  and  Character  of  James  K.  Polk:  in  1849. 
21.  Letter  to  Mr.  Bryan,  of  Texas,  on  the  character  of  the 
Federal  Constitution,  and  the  aj'proach  of  danger  to  the 
Union:  in  1851.  22.  Speech  on  the  trial  of  William  Ho- 
gan,  a  Roman  Catholic  Priest,  indicted  for  an  assault  and 
battery  on  Mary  Connell.  23.  S])eech  in  the  Senate  of  the 
United  States,  on  Nullification  and  the  Tariff:  in  1831. 

24.  Speech  in  the  U.  S.  Senate  on  the  Constitutionality  and 
Equality  of  the  Apportionment  of  Federal  Representatives 
by  the  Act  of  1832,  under  the   Fifth    Census:  in    1832. 

25.  Speech  in  the  U.  S.  Senate  in  vindication  of  Edward 
Livingston,  nominated  by  President  Jackson  for  the  office 
of  Secretary  of  State  :  in  1832.  26.  Speech  to  the  citizens 
of  Pitti^burg  on  the  War,  Slavery,  and  the  Tariff:  in  1S47. 

27.  Speech    to    the    citizens    of   HolHdaysburg:  in    1S47. 

28.  Speech  to  the  citizens  of  Philadelphia  in  Town-Meet- 
ing, on  the  necessity  of  maintaining  the  Union,  the  Con- 
stitution, and  the  Compromise:  in  1850.  29.  Speech  on 
the  application  to  the  Supreme  Court  for  au  Injunction 
against  the  Canal  Commissioners,  on  alleged  usurpations 
of  power  in  the  management  of  the  Columbia  Railroad: 
in  1853.  30.  Speech  in  maintenance  of  the  legal  right  of 
the  Corporation  of  Philadelphia  to  subscribe  to  the  North 
Pennsylvania  Railroad  Company:  in  1853. 

In  addition  to  the  works  previously  cited,  we  refer  the 
reader  to  notices  of  Mr.  Dallas  and  his  public  services  in 
Democratic  Review,  x.  158;  American  Whig  Review,  xiv. 
451:  Niles's  Register,  xliii.,  Sup.  124;  Chase's  Hist,  of  the 
Polk  Administration. 

Dallas,  Robert  Charles,  1754-1824,  uncle  of  the 
preceding,  and  brother  of  Alexander  James  Dallas,  was  a 
native  of  Kingston,  Jamaica.  He  was  educated  first  at 
Musselburgh,  and  next  under  Mr.  Elphinston.  He  was 
entered  of  the  Inner  Temple  as  a  law  student,  but  upon 
attaining  bis  majority  he  returned  to  Jamaica,  where  he 
continued  for  three  years,  when  he  again  visited  Europe, 
and  was  married  to  a  daughter  of  Benjamin  Har<ling.  Esq., 

467 


PAL 


of  Tlacton  ITnufe,  near  Ilnrnfluiroh.  Before  this  last  visit 
he  had  been  appointed  to  a  lucrative  ofiiee  in  Jamaira.  and 
returned  to  the  discharge  of  his  duties  after  his  marriage;  I 
but  the  climate  not  agreeing  with  Mrs.  Dallas's  health,  they 
quitted  the  West  Indies  forever,  and  resided  for  several 
years  upon  the  Continent.  That  terrilde  scourge,  the 
French  Eevolution,  drove  Mr.  Dallas,  with  almost  all  other 
men  of  proper  spirit,  from  unhappy  Fiance;  and  he  "e'er- 
mined  to  visit  America,  in  which  country  his  brother,  Alex- 
ander James  Dallas,  .subsec|uently  attained  great  distinc- 
tion, (r.  ante.)  Mr.  Dallas  was  not  sufficiently  pleased  with 
the  tTnited  States  to  induce  a  permanent  setllement,  and 
he  returned  to  England,  where  he  entered  upon  an  extended 
literarv  career,  for  which  his  talents  eminently  titled  him. 
His  best-linown  work— published  shortly  before  his  death- 
ly the  Recollections  of  Lord  Bvron.  Mr.  Dallas  was  related 
to  the  Byron  familv,  his  sister.  Miss  Dallas,  having  mar- 
ried Captain  Bvron  of  the  English  navy,  father  of  the  present 
and  seventh  Lord  Byron,  successor  of  the  noble  poet. 

Mr.  Dallas  had  great  influence  with  his  relative,  and  ex- 
erted it  in  a  manner  which  redounded  greatly  to  his  honour. 
The  reader  of  Moore's  Life  of  Byron  will  remember  that 
it  was  owing  to  Mr.  D.'s  agency  that  Childe  Harold  was 
given  to  the  world,  but  all  are  not  aware  that  many  objec- 
tionable verses  were  expunged  at  his  earnest  request,  and 
others  protested  against,  which  Byron  insisted  upon  retain- 
ini'      The  reader  who  would  do  justice  to  the  character  of 
th?s  excellent  man— Robert  Charles  Dallas— must  peruse  j 
the  Recollections,  and  especially  the  "preliminary  state-  ^ 
ment."  of  the  Rev.  A.  R.  C.  Dallas,  and  the  conclu.ling  chap-  . 
ter  of  the  book.     We  proceed  to  the  enumeration  of  Mr. 
Dallas's  productions: 

1  MiscellaneousWritings,  consisting  of  Poems;  Lucre- 
tia,  a  Tra.'edy,  and  Moral  Essays,  with  a  Vocabulary  of 
the  Passio'ns,'l707,  4to.  2.  Clery's  Journal  of  occurrences 
at  the  Temple  during  the  confinement  of  Louis  XVI. ;  from 
the  French,  1797,  8vo.  .3.  Annals  of  the  French  Revolu- 
tion: from  the  French  of  Bertrand  de  Moleville.  18011-02, 
9  vols.  Svo.  4.  Memoirs  of  the  last  year  of  Louis  XVI., 
3  vols.  Svo.  5.  Letter  to  the  Hon.  C.  J.  Fox.  respecting  an 
inaccurate  quotation  of  the  Annals  of  the  French  Revolu- 
tion, made  by  him  in  the  House  of  Commons,  by  Bertrand 
de  Moleville,"  with  a  trans.,  l.?no,  Svo.  6.  Correspondence 
between  Bertrand  de  Moleville  and  C.J.  Fox  upon  his  quo- 
tation of  the  Annals,  with  a  trans.,  ISOO,  Svo.  7.  The 
Briti.sh  Merourv ;  from  the  French  of  Mallet  du  Pan. 
8.  The  Natur.al  llistory  of  Volcanoes,  including  Submarine 
Volcanoes,  and  other  Analogous  Phenomena.  Trans,  from 
the  French  of  the  Abbe  Ordinaire,  1801,  Svo.  9.  Pereival, 
or  Nature  Vindicated;  a  Novel,  ISOl,  4  vols.  12mo. 

•■The  foundation  of  this  fascinating  and  instructive  work  of 
imacinatinn  is  laid  in  pure  reli^'ion  and  uncontiminated  nature; 
and  the  superstructure  is  raised  upon  a  lilieral  and  virtuous  educa- 
tion, under  the  direction  of  those  best  architects  of  the  human 
mind  sound  example  and  sound  precept."— Kurn;ifan  M'lgainw. 

'■It  presents  the  reader  throughout  with  a  very  bpautilul  picture 
of  virtue,  in  its  most  en'jagini;  fnrm.  delineated  in  the  clearest 
colouring  of  purity  of  style  and  simplicity  of  language."— ^n(i- 
Jacf'hin  Rcviitu. 

10.  Elements  of  Self-Knowledge,lS02,  Svo;  2d  ed.,  1806. 
11.  The  History  of  the  Maroons,  Lon.,  ISCS,  '04,  2  vols. 
Svo.  This  work  is  censured  with  much  severity  by  the 
Edinburgh  reviewer,  (vol.  ii.  376,)  whose  justice  is  ques- 
tioned by  Mr.  Rich : 

•■The  Edinhurirh  Review  seems  to  be  rather  too  severe  upon  this 
work,  for  by  its  own  account,  it  contains  much  curious  and  inte- 
restins  matter,  and  appears  to  form  a  useful  appendix  to  Brian 
Edwards's  West  Indies,  .^-c.'' 

Vide  Bibliotheca  Americana  Nova,  ii.  13. 

The  three  opinions  which  follow  are  entitled  to  great  re- 


DAL 

IStn-  century?  Our  country  is  afflicted  with  some  apolo- 
gists for  these  damning  crimes— but  "let  no  such  man  be 
trusted!"     14.  Aubrey,  a  Novel,  ISM...!'"'.^,-,!.!'??:. 


We  here  announce  ii  our  readers  a  very  agreeable  and  instrnc- 
the  incidents  theniselve 
aining.andthesentimec 
on>st  perceptions  of  reason  and  uature."-ion.  Mouthly  J)emw._ 


live  novel  in  which  the  incidents  themselves  afford  a  lesson  both 
l^;«;^^anacnter,aining.and|hesen,™en.sa.ejdw^..^ud^ 


spect:  .   ^      i.  3 

'•The  whole  work  is  curious,  interesting,  and  instructive,  and 

distinguished  for  the  sincerity  of  its  narrations."— i'jn.  Annual 


■'We  advise  the  inquisitive  to  consult  the  volumes  of  Mr.  Dallas, 
which  certainlv  afToirt  much  of  both  information  and  entertain- 
ment."—Ion.  3foii(/.li/ ^'''t'c'"'. 

"  This  book  was  much  esteemed  for  the  simplicity  of  its  narra- 
tion, and  authenticity  of  its  dct.ails."— ion.  (kntltman's  Mag. 

12.  The  Costume  of  the  Hereditary  Estates  of  the  House 
of  Austria,  from  the  French  of  B.  do  Moleville,  1804,  imp. 
4to.  13.  Refutation  of  the  Libel  on  the  Memory  of  the 
late  King  of  France,  pub.  by  Helen  Maria  Williams,  from 
the  French  of  B.  de  Moleville.  1804,  Svo.  We  confess  that 
the  zeal  with  which  this  excellent  man  espouses  the  cause 
of  the  "murdered  majesty"  of  France  recommends  his 
memory  to  our  profound  respect.  How  long  will  Ameri- 
cans degrade  thcm.selves,  and  disgrace  the  cause  of  that 
liberty  which  they  profess  to  cherish,  by  extolling  the  Eng- 
lish regicides  of  the  17th,  and  the  French  regicides  of  the 
468 


•'In  saving  Ihat  this  production  is  superior  to  the  generality  of 
novels  -^e  shall  be  thought  bv  many  toexpress  ourselves  hut  coldly 
of  Its  m"ri  s.  Aubrev  does.' in  fact,  deserve  a  higher  commenda- 
tion It  is  written  with  ease,  and  excites  much  interest  m  the 
mind  of  the  reader."— Brids'i  Crttic. 

15  Memoirs  of  Marie  Antoinette,  Queen  of  France,  from 
the  French  of  Joseph  Weber,  her  foster-brother,  1805,  Svo. 
16.  The  Morlands ;  Tales  illustrative  of  the  Simple  and 
Surprising,  1805,  4  vols.  12mo.  ^  „  .  , 

••Thus  concludes  thefir.st Taleof  the  Morlands:  we  sha  1  takea 
short  notice  of  the  second  hereafter.  This  Tale  is  certainly  much 
superior  to  the  general  course  of  novels.  The  language  is  natural 
Tnd  chas  e.  he  business,  in  general,  interesling  and  rapid  and  he 
moral  effect  is  such  as  will  often  instruct,  and  can  never  offend.  - 

'^^ihemStsofhoth  his  efforts  are  considerable;  our  judgment, 
however,  decides  for  the  last."— ^«(iV,>c.*in  ii'er.ru.. 

'■The  ;.alue  of  these  works  of  imagination  consists  in  the  faith- 
ful picture  of  mankind  which  they  present.  Mr.D.  s  JU^t  discri- 
minations of  character  are  evidences  of  his  awiuaintanc„  with  the 
world  Many  excellent  reflections,  and  precepts  of  the  best  mo- 
rality, ocur  in  the  work."— ion.  ihnlhhj  J/mew. 

17  The  Latter  Years  of  the  Reign  and  Life  of  Louis  XVI., 
from  the  French  of  Hue,  1S06,  Svo.  IS.  The  Knights; 
Tales  illustrative  of  the  Marvellous,  180S,  3  vols.  12mo. 
19  The  Sice  of  Rochelle,  an  historical  novel  from  the 
French  of  Madame  de  Genlis,  1S08,  3  vols.  12mo.  20.  Not 
at  Home;  a  Comedy,  1809,  Svo.  21.  The  New  Conspiracy 
against  the  Jesuits  detected  and  briefly  exposed;  with  a 
short  account  of  their  institutes,  and  observations  on  the 
dano-er  of  systems  of  education  independent  of  religion, 
1S16  Svo.  22.  Recollections  of  the  Life  of  Lord  Byron, 
from' the  year  ISOS  to  the  end  of  the  ye.ar  1814,  1S24,  Svo. 
"It  certainlv  does  appear  that  Mr.  Dallas,  from  the  first  to  the 
last  of  his  inliiii:icy  with  Lord  Byron,  did  every  thing  th.it  a  filend, 
with  the  feelings  of  a  parent,  could  do  to  win  his  lordship  to  the 
cause  of  virtue,  but  unhappily  in  vain."— ion.  Gmllcmayi  s  Mail. 
Mr.  Dallas  died  at  St.  Adresse,  in  Normandy,  at  the  ripe 

"^DallTsrThomas,  Surgeon.  On  the  Treatment  of  a 
Polypus  in  the  Pharynx  and  CEsophagus ;  Ess.  Phys.  and 
Lit  iii  525,  1771.  Sequel  to  the  preceding,  by  Dr.  Monro, 
iv.  634.  Fatal  Histories  of  dift'crent  Tetanic  Complaints, 
in  which  the  most,  powerful  remedies  were  employed  m 
vain;  Annals  of  Med.,  iii.  323,  1797. 

Dallas,  VV.  S.    1.  Nat.  Hist,  of  the  Animal  Kingdom, 

Lon    1S56,  p.  Svo.  2.  Elements  of  Entomology,  1867,  p.  Svo. 

"Tn  every  thin-  .■.^-..thd  the  book  is  excellent  and  will  prove  a 

useful  guide  for  tl otM„,MlMgic.il  etudeat."— -Innu/s  of  .\at.  Ht.H. 

Dallaway,  Mrs.  Harriet.  A  Manual  of  Heraldry 
for  Amateurs,  Lon.,  1S2S,  12mo.  ..    .      ,      c 

'•  A  useful  work:  the  descriptions  are  concise  and  simple.  Some 
copies  have  the  cuts  emblazoned."  r  -o  ■  .  i 

Dallaway,  James,  1763-1834,  a  native  of  Bristol, 
England,  was  educated  at  Trinity  College,  Oxford;  Rector 
of  South  Stoke,  Sussex,  1799  ;  Vicarof  Letherhead,  Surrey, 
ISOl  He  officiated  for  some  time  as  chaplain  and  physi- 
cian to  the  British  Embassy  at  the  Porte.  He  paid  much 
attention  to  antiquarian  pursuits.  1.  Letters  of  Bishop 
Rundell  to  Mrs.  Sandys,  Oxf ,  1789,  2  vols.  Svo.  2  Inqui- 
ries into  the  Origin  and  Progress  of  the  Science  of  Heraldry 
in  England,  Gloucester,  1793,  4to. 

"  The  author  of  this  elegant  and  erudite  work  has  here,  with  the 
nen  of  a  Tacitus,  ac-uratelv  defined,  in  a  most  comprehensive  man- 
ner the  rise  and  progressof  the  science  of  heraldry,  from  the  earliest 
through  the  most  interesting  period  of  British  history,  accommo- 
dating the  study  to  modern  systems."— J/irnk'sSiW.  Beraldtca. 

In  this  work  Mr.  D.  reprinted  the  part  of  the  celebrated 
"  Boke  of  St,  Alhau's,"  printed  in  1486,  which  relates  to 
Armorial  Bearings.  3.  Constantinople,  Ancient  and  Mo- 
dern 1797,  4to.  4.  Letters  and  W.irks  of  Lady  Mon- 
tagu, from  her  Original  MSS.,  with  Memoirs  of  her  Life, 
1806  5  vols.  Svo.  6.  Anecdotes  of  the  Arts  in  Eng- 
land,' 1800,  Svo.  6.  Walpolc's  Anecdotes  of  Painting 
in  England,  considerably  enlarged,  1806;   1S28,  S  vols. 


"  \n  admirable  puWicition;  quite  a  treasure,— beautiful  alike 
In  paper,  printing,  and  engraving,  and  truly  excellent  in  every 
tiling  which  d..pcndcd  upon  the  talents  and  exertions  of  its  editor. 
— L'm.  Ltleriirtf  Gazette.  ..     „ 

•■The  hives  .'if  the  Painters  by  Walpole,  with  notes  by  the  Rev. 
Mr.  Dallaway,  form  five  perfectly  '■'■^Pl"'''''';';  "'™,'?k J"„f  it° 
good  old  times  of  Bibliomania  this  work  «™W  "^jY  '  "'''^f* '  1"'! 
own  accord,  into  the  mahogany  book-cases  of  half  the  Collections 
in  London."— />iMin'.'  Ilibliomavia.  ,  ..      „        .       ,  c    „ 

7  History  of  the  Western  Division  of  the  County  of  Sus- 
sex, 1815,  '19,  imp.  4to ;  vol.  i.  and  vol.  ii.  part  1.  500  copies 


DAL 


DAL 


were  printed,  of  which  300  of  the  1st  vol.,  and  470  of  tho 
1st  piirt  of  the  2il,  were  destr<)yetl  hy  fire  at  Bcnsley's  print- 
ing office,  Bolt  Court,  Juno  26,  1819.  Parochial  Topogra- 
phy of  the  Rape  of  Arundel;  new  ed.  by  Cartwright,  and 
Cartwright's  Hist,  of  the  Rape  of  Bramber,  (forming  vol. 
ii.  of  Dallaway's  Western  Susses.)  2  vols.  imp.  4to,  1S30- 
32.  Cartwright's  Hist,  of  the  Rape  of  Bramber  was  pub. 
to  complete  Dallaway's  work,  and  should  not  be  neglected 
by  the  collector. 

8.  Observations  on  English  Architecture,  military,  eccle- 
Biastical,  and  civil,  1806,  8vo;  1833. 

"  Mr.  Dallaway  has  collectedallthemnst  striking  facts  respecting 
the  Paxon,  Norman,  and  Gothic  Architecture.  Those  whn  dt-sire 
to  collect  materials  respectintr  the  history  and  character  of  the  Kn-:- 
lish  Gothic  Architecture,  will  find  much  that  is  valuable  in  this 
Tolnme;  it  will  indeed  be  especially  serviceable  to  architectural 
students." — Lfifi.  Atlienaum, 

9.  Statuary  and  Sculpture  among  the  Ancients,  1816,  Svo. 
350  copies  were  printed,  of  which  2(10  were  destroyed  by 
fire  at  Bensley's  printing  office.  10.  \Viniam  Wyrcestre 
Redivivus,  Bristol,  1823, 4to.  11.  Noticcsof  Ancient  Church 
Architecture  in  the  15th  Century,  Lon..  1823,  4to.  12.  Pic- 
tures exhibiterl  in  the  Rooms  of  the  British  Institution 
frum  1813  to  1828.  In  the  Arcbicol.,  xv.  231,  1803.  will  be 
found  an  account  by  Mr.  D.  of  the  Walls  of  Constantinople. 

Dallaway,  J.  J,     The  Map  Pedometer.  4to. 
Dallaway,  R,  C.     The  Servant's  Monitor,  Lon.,  1815, 
12mo.     Observations  on  Education,  12mo. 

Dallington,  Sir  Robert,  d.  1637,  aged  76,  a  native 
of  Ge.ldington.  Northamptonshire,  was  "bred  a  Bible  clerk 
(as  I  justly  collect)  in  Bene*t  Cullege  :  and  after  became  a 
schoolmaster  in  Norfolk." — FuJIer'n  W,.rth!eii.  Wood  says 
ho  was  a  Greek  schular  in  Pembroke  Hall.  A  Book  "of 
Epit.iphes  made  upon  the  death  of  the  Right  Worshipfull 
Sir  Wm.  Buttes.  To  this  work,  consisting  of  poems  in 
Latin  and  Eni^lish.  contributions  were  made  by  Thomas 
Coibdld,  Heiiric  Gnsnolde,  Ac.  It  is  now  very  rare.  A 
Method  fur  Traiicll.  shewed  by  taking  the  View  of  France 
as  it  stoude  in  1598,  Lon..  by  Thos.  Creede.  8vo.  Inscribed 
''  To  all  gentlemen  that  have  trauelled.— Rob.  Dallington." 
Survey  of  the  Great  Duke's  State  in  Tnscanv,  in  the  year 
1596.  1604,  '05,  4to.  Aphorisms,  Ac;  2d  ed.,  1629,  with 
the  clause  of  Guicciardiue  defaced  by  the  Inquisition. 

'•  He  had  an  excclNnit  wit  and  judgment :  witness  his  most  accu- 
rate aphorisms  un  Tacitus.' — Fuller's  Worthies. 

Dallowe,  Timothy,  Boorhaave's  Chemistry,  with 
the  author's  correct,  and  emendat.,  Lon.,  1795,  2  vols.  4to. 
Dally,  FrankFether.  Apotheosisof  Shakspeare.and 
other  Poems.  Lou..  1848,  8vo.  The  Channel  Islands,  1858. 
Dalrymple,  Alexander,  1737-1808,  an  eminent  hy- 
drographer,  was  a  son  of  Sir  James  Dalrymple,  Bart.,  of 
New  Hailes.  In  his  16th  year  he  went  out  as  a  writer  in 
E.  I.  Company's  service,  and  was  placed  in  the  secretary's 
office.  In  1779  he  was  appointed  Ilydrographer  to  tho'E. 
I.  Company,  and  in  1795,  upon  the  "establishment  by  the 
Admiralty  of  a  similar  office,  Dalrymple  was  selected  to 
fill  the  post.  He  took  a  lively  interest  in  voyages  of  dis- 
covery. We  notice  a  few  of  Mr.  D.'s  many  publications. 
See  list  in  European  Mag.,  Nov.  and  Dec.  1802,  and  in 
Watt's  Bibl.  Brit. 

Account  of  the  Discoveries  in  the  South  Pacific  Ocean 
previous  to  1764,  Lon.,  1767,  Svo.  He  states  in  his  Histo- 
rical Collection,  that  but  few  copies  of  the  above  were 
printed,  and  that  "it  was  not  published  until  some  time 
after,  when  it  was  reported  that  the  French  had  discovered 
the  Southern  Continent,  the  great  object  of  all  his  re- 
searches." 

An  Historical  Collection  of  the  South  Sea  Voyages. 
Vol.  i.,  The  Spanish  Voyages  ;  Vol.  ii..  The  Dutch  Voyages] 
2  vols.  4to,  1770-71.  The  collector  should  see  that  the  2d 
vol.  has  a  chronological  table,  and  a  vocabulary,  for  these 
are  frequently  wanting.  Both  Burney's  and  Dalrymple's 
Collections 

*•  Are  by  men  well  qualified  bv  science,  learning,  research  and 
devotedness  to  their  object,  to  perform  well  what  thev  undertook 
on  any  subject  connected  with  geography  and  discovery."— ^/ercn- 
son  s  Voyages  and  Travels. 

"Dalrymple  is  a  preat  name  in  the  annals  of  Navigation  and 
Hydrography,  and  the  present  collection  is  amonff  the  verv  best 
of  his  works." — T.  F.  Dibdin. 

Collection  of  Voyages,  chiefly  in  the  Southern  Atlantic 
Ocean,  1775,  4to. 

A  Letter  to  Dr.  Hawkesworth,  occasioned  by  some  ground- 
less and  illiberal  imputations  in  his  account  of  the  late 
Voyages  to  the  South,  1773,  4to. 

*'The  indffativ'alile  Alexand^^r  Dalrymple.  who  appears  to  have 
been  the  first  projector  of  the  expeditions  undt-r  Wallis.  Cartaret, 
and  Cook,  to  the  South  8eas.  in  which  he  was  not  permitted  to  join! 
is  rather  severe  in  this  tract,  upon  some  parts  of  Dr.  Hawkesworth's 
account  of  these  voyages."— ieic/t's  Btbliotheca  Americana  Nam, 


Observations  on  Dr.  Hawkesworth's  Preface  to  the  2d 
edit.,  1773,  4to. 

An  Historical  Journal  of  the  expeditions  by  sea  and  land 
to  the  North  of  California,  in  1768,  '69,  and  '70;  when 
Spanish  establishments  were  first  made  at  San  Diego  and 
Monte  Rey,  1790,  4to. 

■'This  was  a  Spanish  MS.  presented  to  the  inerenious  and  indo- 
fktigable  Mr.  Dalrymple  by  Dr.  Robertson.  Mr.  D.  had  it  translated 
by  Mr.  Revely.  and  enriched  it  with  other  correspondinp  material, 
and  two  maps  of  this  hitherto  imperfectly  known  coast.  The  ac- 
count is  very  curious  and  interesting." — Lnti.Mimthly  L'evifw.  See 
Rich's  Bibl.  Amer.  Nova  under  1790,  and  the  notice  of  iJ/urio  His- 
toricn  under  1770. 

The  Oriental  Repository,  1791-180S,  2  vols.  imp.  4to. 
This  is  a  valualMe  collection  of  tracts  relating  to  the  com- 
merce, history,  manners,  and  natural  history  of  the  East 
j  Indies  and  China,  including  communications  from  Major 
I  Rennell.  Orme,  Wilkins,  Sir  W.  Jones,  Roxburgh,  &q.  The 
East  India  Company,  at  whose  charge  the  collection  waa 
pub.,  took  100  of  the  250  copies  which  were  struck  off. 

Collection  of  English  Songs,  with  an  Appendix  of  ori- 
ginal pieces,  1796,  Svo.    An  excellent  selection.    Catalogue 
of  Authors  who  have  written  on  Rio  de  la  Plata.  Paraguay, 
and  Chaco,  1809,  4to.     Dalrymple  pub.   some  papers  in 
,  Phil.  Trans.     In  the  London  Institution  is  a  very  complete 
I  copy  of  his  collection  of  plans  of  ports  in  the  East  Indies, 
I  with  descriptions,  a  MS.  index,  &c.  in  13  vols,  folio  and 
j  quarto. 

Dalrymple,  Campbell.  A  Military  Essay,  Lon., 
I  1761,  8vo. 

I      Dalrymple,  David,  Lord  Hailes,  son  of  the  pre- 
ceding. 1726-1792,  a.  native  of  Ediulmrgh,  was  a  learned 
,  and  industrious  lawyer  and  antiquary,  and  added  consider- 
ably to  the  historical  treasures  of  the  language.     In  1776 
he  became  Lord  Commissioner  of  the  Justiciary.     Many 
;  interesting  details  connected  with  his  literary  history  will 
;  be  found  in  Boswell's  Life  of  Johnson,  Tytler's  Life  of 
1  Lord  Kames,  and  Forhes's  Life  of  Reattie.     Sacred  Poems 
;  by  various  authors.  Edin.,  1751, 12mo.     A  Cat.  of  the  Lorda 
'  of  Session  from  1532,  17C7,  4to.     Memorials  and  Letters 
i  relating  to  the  Histories  of  Britain  in  the  reign  uf  James 
L,  Glasg.,  1762,  8vo;  1766,Svo;  in  the  reign  of  Charles  I., 
1766,  sm.  Svo  ;  the  same,  with  account  of  the  preservation 
of  Charles  II.  after  the  battle  of  Worcester.  1766.  sm.  Svo. 
Secret  Corresp.  of  Sir  Robert  Cecil  with  James  VI.,  Edin., 
1766,  12mo.     Annals  of  Scotland.  1056-1370,  2  vols.  4to, 
1776-79;   1819,  3  vols.  Svo,  including  other  works. 

"The  Memoirs  of  Dalrymple  contain  very  curious  information, 
and  will  e:ive  important  hints  most  useful  to  every  inquirer  into 
the  Constitutional  History  of  Kmrland.'' — Prof.  Smyth. 

"It  is  in  our  lanpuage,  I  think,  a  new  mode  of  history,  which 
tells  all  that  is  wanted,  and,  I  suppose  all  that  is  known.'without 
laboured  splendour  of  lantruaiie,  or  affected  subtility  of  conjecture. 
...  A  book  which  will  always  sell;  it  has  such  a  stability  of  dates, 
such  a  certainty  of  facts,  and  such  a  puuctnality  of  citation.  I 
never  before  read  Scotch  History  with  certainty." — Da.  Samdbl 

JOHXSOX. 

"  Lord  Hailes's  Annals  of  Scotland,  it  is  believed,  stands  unri- 
valled in  the  Ent'li'^h  language  for  a  purity  and  simplicity  of  style, 
an  elegance,  perspicuity,  and  conciseness  of  narration,  that  pecu- 
liarly suited  the  form  of  his  work,  and  is  entirely  void  of  that  false 
ornament  and  stately  irait  which  makes  the  works  of  some  other 
writers  appear  in  Rigantic  but  fictitious  majesty." — Edinburgh  Mag. 
Remainsof  Christian  Antiquity,  with  Notes,  Edin.,  1766- 
80.  3  vols.  12mo.     Lord  H.  pub.  translations  of  Laetantiua 

I  de  Justitia  and  other  works,  (see  list  in  Orme's  Bibl.  Bib.,) 

I  which  have  been  highly  commended: 

j  '■  These  work  s  by  Lord  Hailes  are  amon^  the  most  elejiant  speci- 
mens of  translation,  and  discover  a  profound  acquaintance  with 
the  most  minute  circumstances  of  wirly  Cliristian  antiquity.  .  .  . 
He  was  one  of  the  most  formidable  anta'^onists  of  Gibbon.'  His 
Inquiry  into  the  Secondary  Causes  [pub.  17!>i3,  4to:  new  ed..  ISOS, 
12mo]  is  a  most  triumphant  exposure  of  the  sophistry  and  mis- 
representations of  that  artful  writer.  The  preceding  works  are 
now  become  scarce:  but  I  know  not  a  hijjher  treat  which  can  be 
enjoyed  bv  a  cultivated  and  curious  mind  than  that  which  they 
afford."— Orm^-'s  Bihl.  Bib. 

"They  would  have  been  admired  in  davs  when  the  knowledge 
of  sarred  rritici';ni  w.is  less  rare,  and  when  the  value  of  it  was  more 
justly  e'ifimrit.-.l." — Dr.  Krskin'e. 

An  E.xamination  of  some  of  the  Arguments  for  the  High 
Antiquity  of  lief/iam  Majestatem  ;  and  an  Enquiry  into  tho 
Authenticity  of  Leges  Malcomi,  1768,  4to.  Tracts  relative 
to  the  Hist.' and  Antiquities  of  Scotland,  1800,  4to.  One 
of  the  tracts  in  this  collection  was  rigidly  suppressed  imme- 
diately after  publication.  For  other  works  of  this  learned 
author  see  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit.  In  1826,  2  vols.  4to,  were 
pub.  his  Decisions  of  the  Lords  of  Council  and  Session 
from  1766  to  1791,  selected  from  the  original  MSS.  by  M, 
P.  Brown. 
Dalrymple,  Sir  Hew,  1652-1737,  of  North  Berwick, 

President  of  the  Court  of  Sessions.     Decisions  of  the  Court 

of  Sessions  from  169S  to  1718,  Edin.,  1758,  fol.:  1792. 


PAL 

Dalrymple,  General  Sir  Hew ^Vhiteford,  Bart., 

1750-lS;jO,  commander  of   the   army  iu   l*ortLigal,  great- 
grandson  of  the  above.      Memoir  of  his  Proceedings  as  ■  h    h 
connected  with  the  Affairs  of  Spain  and  the  Commencement  ,  j^J^^i'leh" must  al 
of  the  Peninsular  War,  Lon.,  8vo. 

*■  It  forms,  with  the  documents  in  the  Appendix,  a  very  valuable 
and  authentic  addition  for  the  history  of  the  period  in  question." 
— United  Ser'.nce  Journal. 

Dalrymple,  James,  first  Viscount  Stair.  1619-1695, 
was  one  of  the  Lords  of  Session,  President  Judge  of  the 
Court  of  Session,  Lord  Advocate  and  Secretary  of  State. 
Institutions  of  the  Law  of  Scotland  deduced  from  its  ori- 
ginal, and  collated  with  the  Civil,  Canon,  and  Feudal  Laws, 
and  with  the  Customs  of  our  neighbouring  Nations,  Edin., 
1681,  fol. ;  2d  ed.,  1693  ;  3d  ed.,  1759  ;  4th  ed.,  with  Com- 
mentaries and  a  Supplet.  by  George  Brodie,  Edin.,  1825- 
32,  2  vols.  fol.     There  is  a  later  edit,  by  John  S.  More. 

*'  \  work  surprisingly  in  advance  of  the  age  in  which  it  was  pro- 
duced, and  rettectiof^  honour  upon  the  name  and  family  of  its 
gifted  author.'' — Warre.n^s  Law  Studies,  2d  edit..  SS7. 

"It  is  in  truth  to  be  regarded  as  a  Digest  of  the  judgments  of 
the  Court  of  Session,  reduced  to  order  according  to  the  spirit  and 
arrangement  of  the  Koman  jurisprudence." — G.  J.  BelVs  Ormmen- 
tariei  on  tkr  Law  of  Scotland,  vol.  i. — I*refact. 

"  A  Treati.se  on  Ueneral  Jurisprudence,  illustrated  by  reference 
to  the  Law  of  Scotland."     See  More's  edit. 

'•  Our  own  greatest  judicial  authors  maUc  frequent  use  of  the 
writings  of  Lord  Stair,  who  is  often  cited,  for  instance,  by  Black- 
stone." —  Warren's  Law  Studies,  8S8. 

Decisions  of  the  Lords  of  Council  and  Session,  1661- 
1681,  2  vols,  fol.,  1683-87.  Physiologia  Nova  Experiment- 
alis,  Lugd.  B.at.,  1686,  4to.  This  was  pub.  during  his  e.xile. 
An  Apologie  for  himself,  Edin.,  1690,  4to.  A  copy,  said  to 
be  unique,  is  in  the  Advocates'  Library.  In  1815  seventy- 
two  copies  were  printed  at  the  expense  of  Wm.  Blair,  Esq., 
for  the  members  of  the  Bannatyne  Club.  Modus  Litigandi, 
1681,  fol.     Vindication  of  the  Divine  Perfections,  illustrat- 


DAL 

and  Algernon  Sydney,  elicited  several  responses  by  Joseph 
Towers  and  others. 

'Another  publication  remains  yet  to  be  mentioned,  which  de- 

vedly  excited  the  attention  of  the  public  on  its  first  appearance, 
and  which  must  always  be  examined  with  great  care  by  every  in- 
quirer into  the  constitutional  history  of  England— the  Memoirsof 
Dalrymple.  They  contain  very  curious  information ;  and  will  give 
vei-y"  important  hints  respecting  the  character  and  views  of  both 
the  Duke  of  York,  the  king,  and  the  popular  leaders,  and  put  the 
student  into  possession  of  the  state  secrets  of  the  reign." — Prof. 
Smytli's  Lectures  m  Modtrn  Uisttn-y. 

'■This  Dalrymple  seems  to  be  an  honest  fellow;  for  he  tells 
equally  what  makes  against  both  sides.  But  nothing  can  be  poorer 
than  his  mode  of  writing;  it  is  the  mere  bouncing  ofa  schoolboy: 
'Great  lie !  but  greater  She !'  and  such  stuff."— DR.  S-tML.  JoHNSO«(. 

The  Rights  of  Great  Britain  asserted  against  the  claims 
of  America;  being  an  answer  to  the  declarations  of  the 
general  Congress,  Lon.,  1776,  Svo. 

"This  celebrated  performance  is  said  to  have  been  written, 
printed,  and  liberally  distributed,  both  in  Great  Britain  and  .\me- 
rica,  at  the  instance  and  expense  of  government ;  but  whether  this 
be  true  or  not,  the  work  itself  we  are  afraid,  will  answer  no  other 
purpose  than  to  exasperate  the  people  of  Great  Britain  ag.ainst 
their  brethren  of  America,  and,  by  inflaming  misrepresentations 
and  invectives.  aggrav.ate  the  evils  of  our  present  civil  discord." — 
Lon.  Montldy  Rfview. 

'■I  have  a  copy  of  the  Eighth  edition,  ('printed  in  the  same  year:) 
to  which  is  now  added  a  refutation  of  Dr.  Price's  State  of  the  na- 
tional debt;  which  belonged  to  Sir  James  Mackintosh,  who  has 
written  on  the  tiy-leaf,  '  now  owned  to  be  b,v  Sir  John  Dalrymple.' " 
• — Rich's  Bilfl.  Americana  Nova,  under  17713,  p.  '237. 

Dalrj-mple,  John,  1804-1852,  b.  at  Norwich.  Ana- 
tomy of  the  Human  Eye,  Lon.,  1834, 12mo.  Pathology  of  the 
Human  Eye  ;  complete  in  nine  fasciculi,  imp.  4to,  1849,  kc. 

'■  The  value  of  this  work  can  scarcely  be  overestimated." — Brit, 
and  For.  Medico-C'hir.  Review. 

"  The  most  truly  valuable  work  upon  the  pathology  of  the  hu- 
man eye  which  has  yet  appeared."— flii'i'in  Qunrterhi  Journal. 

"  As  practically  useful  as  it  is  beautiful." — Lon.  Lancet. 

Dalrymple,  Major  Wm.      Travels  through  Spain 


ing  the  Glory  of  God  in  them  by  Reason  and  Revelation,     and  Portugal  in  1774,  Lon.,  1777, 4to.     Treatise  on  Military 
Lon.,  1695,  4lo.  '  " 

Dalrymple,  Sir  James,  Bart.  Collections  concern- 
ing the  Scottish  History  preceding  the  death  of  King 
David  I.,  anno  1153,  Edin.,  1705,  Svo.  Vindication  of  the 
Ecclesi.astical  part  of  the  above,  Edin.,  1714,  Svo.  Sir 
James's  critic  was  Mr,  John  Gillane.  See  Gillane's  Life 
of  John  Sage. 

Dalrymple,  John,  5th  Earl  of  Stair,  d.  1789,  was 
called  the  "  Cassandra  of  the  State"  from  his  gloomy  pre- 
dictions concerning  matters  of  political  economy.  1.  The 
State  of  the  National  Debt,  Income,  and  Expenditure,  1776, 
fol.  2.  Factsand  theirConsequences, 1782. Svo.  3.  State 
of  the  Public  Debts.  4.  An  Attempt  to  balance  the  Income 
and  Expenditure  of  the  State,  1783,  Svo.  Appendix  to 
ditto.  5.  An  Argument  to  prove  that  it  is  the  Indispen- 
sable Duty  of  the  Public  to  insist  that  Government  do  forth- 
with bring  forward  the  Consideration  of  the  State  of  the 
Nation,  1783,  Svo.  6.  On  the  proper  Limits  of  Govern- 
ment's Interference  with  the  Affairs  of  the  East  India  Com- 
pany, 1784,  Svo.  7.  Address  to,  and  Expostulation  with, 
the  Public,  1784,  Svo.  Comparative  State  of  the  Public 
Revenues  for  the  Ye.ars  ended  10th  Oct.  1783,  .and  10th 
Oct.  17S4,  '85,  Svo.  Other  publications.  See  Park's  Wal- 
pole's  R.  and  N.  Authors. 

Dalrymple,  Sir  John,  1726-1810,  a  Baron  of  Exche- 
quer in  Scotland,  and  father  to  the  present  Earl  of  Stair. 
An  Essay  towards  a  General  History  of  Feudal  Property  He  made  some 
in  Great  Britain,  Lon.,  1757  and  1768,  Svo,  and  4th  edit,, 
1759,  12mo.  Highly  esteemed.  Considerations  on  the  Po- 
licy of  Entails  in  a  Nation,  Edin.,  1765,  Svo. 

'■  The  Considerations  on  Entail  is  one  of  the  best  defences  that 
has  been  put  forth  of  their  policy.  It  appears  to  have  been  prin- 
cipally intended  as  an  answer  to  the  following  tract.  [.\  Free  Dis- 
quisition concerning  the  Law  of  Entails  in  Scotland.  Ac,  PMin., 
17'35,  8vo.]  in  which  ent.ails  are  vigorously  and  ably  attacked." — 
McCalloch's  Lit.  of  Pol  it.  Economy. 

The  Question  considered  whether  Wool  should  be  allowed 
to  be  Exported  when  the  Price  is  Low  at  Home,  on  Paying 
a  Duty  to  the  Public?  Lon.,  1781,  Svo. 

"  A  well-written  pamphlet,  iu  which  the  question  is  answered  in 
the  affirmative." — Uld  supra. 

Memoirs  of  Great  Britain  and  Ireland,  from  the  Disso- 
lution of  the  last  Parliament  of  Charles  II.,  until  the  Sea 
Battle  off  La  Hogue.  With  the  Supplement  and  Appen- 
dices, 3  vols.  4to,  Edin.,  1771,  '73,  '88.  New  edit.,  with  a 
continuation  till  the  capture  of  the  French  and  Spanish 
Fleets  at  Vigo,  Lon.,  1790,  3  vols.  Svo. 

"  Dalrymple  was  the  first  to  procure  access  to  the  despatches  of 
Barillon.the  French  minister  at  the  Court  of  James  II..  and  thereby 
unveil  the  state  secrets  of  the  reign,  and  in  particular  the  fact  that 
the  leaders  of  the  "Whigs  were  in  the  pay  of  Louis  XIV.'' 


Tactics,  1781,  Svo. 

Dalrymple,  Wra.,  D.D.,  d.  1813.  aged  90.  History 
of  Christ,  1787,  Svo.  Family  Worship  explained;  in  four 
Semis..  1787,  Svo. 

Dalrymple,  Wm.  Treatise  on  the  Culture  of  Wheat, 
1800,  Svo. 

•■  This  work  treats  of  whe.at  on  strong  and  light  lands,  the  rota- 
tions of  cropping,  seed,  and  sowing,  and  steeps  or  brines.  The  ideas 
are  not  very  enlighteoed,  and  now  £ir  superseded." — Donaldson's 
Agricidt.  Bioq. 

Dalton,  Edward.  The  Jesuits,  their  Principles  and 
Acts,  Lon.,  1843,  jSmo. 

"  Yerv  useful." — Bickersteth. 

Six  Serins.,  1844,  ISmo.  Thoughts  for  Each  Day,  1844, 
ISiuo.     Life  of  Joseph,  1846,  12mo. 

Dalton,  J.     15  Serms.     A  Serm.,  1771,  '73,  Svo. 

Dalton,  Jame.s.  A  strange  and  true  relation  of  a 
youni:  Woman  possest  with  the  Devill,  Lon.,  1647,  4to. 

Da^lton,  John,  1709-1763.  Fellow  of  Queen's  Coll., 
Oxf.  ;  Prebendary  of  Worcester;  Rector  of  St.  Mary-at- 
Hill.  Two  Epistles,  1744,  4to.  Poem  on  the  Coal  Mines 
ne.ar  Whitehaven,  Ac,  1755,  4to.  Remarks  on  12  Designs 
of  Raphael.     Serms.,  1745,  "47,  '55.     Serms.,  1767. 

"The  discourse  r,n  I'eace  is  one  of  the  best  sermons  which  we 
remember  to  have  read  on  the  sulject."— ion.  Critical  Iteriew. 

Dalton,  John,  1767-1S44,  a  native  of  Eaglesfield, 
Cumberland,  was  a  teacher  of  mathematics  at  Manchester. 

Itiable  contributions  to  chemistry:  the 

Atomic  theory;  theory  of  Mixed  Gases  ;  meteorological  ob- 
servations, Ac.  Meteorological  Observations  and  Essays, 
Lon..  1793.  Svo. 

"  All  of  which  have  thrown  much  light  on  the  subject  of  which 
he  treated."— K.  D.  Thomson.  M.D.,  &c. 

2.  English  Grammar,  1801,  Svo.  3.  New  System  of 
Chemical  Philosophy.  Part  1st,  1808,  Svo.  Part  2d,  Man- 
chester, 1810,  Svo.  Part  3,  1827.  Chemical  Con.  to  Nic. 
Jour.,  1806,  '11 ;  to  Annals  of  Phil.,  1813,  '14.  Sec  Rich's 
Cyc.  of  Biog.,  1854,  and  Atomic  Theory  in  Thomson's 
Cyclopicdia  of  Chemistry ;  also  Brit.  Quar.  Rev.,  i.  157, 
and  Wcstm.  Rev.,  xlv.  88. 

Dalton,  Maria  R.  The  Vicar  of  Lansdowno ;  aTale, 
Lon.,  1789,  2  vols. 

Dalton,  Michael,  M.P.,  1554-1620,  an  English  law- 
yer. 1.  The  County  Justice,  1619,  fob;  10  or  12  edits.: 
last  1746,  fol. 

■•  A  book  which,  though  not  a  judicial  authority,  is  of  consider- 
able weight."— J/umn's  Leg.  Bibl.,  251 ;  3  Bos.  <t  Put.,  254 ;  1  Brod. 
tf-  R    57'!   bO^t 

2.'  Offlcium  Vicecomitum,  the  Office  and  Authority  of 
SheriB's;  with  an  Appendix,  Lon.,  1682,  1700,  fol. 

There  is  a  MS.  of  his  in  the  Brit.  Museum,  entitled  A 


See  Dalrymple's  second  volume.     The  statements  thus     Breviary  or  Chronology  of  the  State  of  the   Roman  or 
put  forth  respecting  the  character  of  Lord  William  Russell  I  Western  Church  or  Empire,  ic. 
470 


DAL 

Dalton,  R.  Every  Man  his  own  Physician;  or  the 
present  I'ractico  of  Physic,  Lon.,  1780.  12mo. 

Dalton,  Richard,  tl.  1791.  keeper  of  the  rictures, 
medals,  ic.  and  antiquary  to  Geor^'u  III.,  was  a  brother 
of  John  Dalton,  Piel)endary  of  Worcester.  E.\plan.  of  a 
set  of  prints  rcl.ative  to  the  Manners.  Customs,  &c.  of  the 
present  inhabitants  of  Egypt,  Lon.,  1781.  fol.  Artiquities 
and  Scenery  in  Greece  and  Eisypt,  175)1.  fol.  These  en- 
gravings include  the  basso-relievos  discovered  in  Carla,  Ac. 
Uaiviiiiart,  M.  Costume  of  Turlicy,  1802,  imp.  4to. 
Daly,  Charles  P.,  Judge  of  tlie  Common  Pleas,  N. 
Torli.  Historical  Slictch  of  the  Judicial  Tribunals  of  New 
York  from  1(;2:!  to  1846. 

Daly,  Daniel,  1595-1662.  an  Irish  Dominican  monk, 
founder  and  superior  of  a  college  of  his  order  at  Lisbon, 
luitium,  incrementum  et  exitus  familiar  Giraldinorum  Des- 
monias.  Ac.  Lisbon,  1655,  Svo. 

Daly,  Daniel,  Tri.il  between,  and  R.  R.jllcs.  1S0.5. 
Dalyell,  Sir  John  Graham,  d.  1851,  in  his  74th 
year.  JTragments  of  Scot.  History.  Edin.,  1798,  4to.  Scot. 
Poems  of  the  Sixteenth  Century,  1801,  8vo.  Tracts  on  the 
Nat.  Hist,  of  Animals  and  Vegetables,  Ac,  180.S,  2  vols.  8vo. 
Illust.  of  Scot.  Hist,  1806,  Svo.  Monastic  Antiquities,  1809, 
8yo.  Ancient  MS.  of  Martial's  Epigrams,  1812,  Svo.  Lind- 
say of  Pitscottie's  Hist,  of  Scotland,  new  ed.  Darker  Super- 
stitions of  Scotland,  18.34,  Svo.  Rare  and  Remarkable 
Animals  of  Scotland,  Lon.,  1847,  '48,  2  vols.  4to,  £6  6s. 

"  The  present  publication  will  not  only  prove  Sir  John's  inde- 
pendent discoveries  and  priority,  but  it  will  place  its  author  in  the 
first  rank  of  those  who  gain  deserved  honour  by  their  talent  for 
original  observation,  and  by  that  devoted  love,"  &c. — Annals  and 
Magazine  of  Natural  History,  Feb.  1848. 

Powers  of  the  Creator  Displayed  in  the  Creation,  1851- 
53.  2  vols.  4to.  £8  S.S.     Other  works. 

Dalzel,  Andrew,  1750?-1806,  a  native  of  Ratho, 
near  Edinburgh,  was  Professor  of  Greek  in  the  University 
of  Edinburgh.  The  Plain  of  Troy,  from  Chevalier,  Edin., 
1791,  4to.  Drysdale's  Serms.,  with  Life.  Ac.  1793,2  vols. 
Svo.  Analecta  Grceca  Minora  cum  Notts  Philologicis.  New 
edit.,  with  notes  l>y  Rev.  J.  T.  White.  Lon.,  1849,  p.  Svo. 
Collectanea  GrKca"  Majora,  Edin.,  1802,  '03,  2  vols.  Svo. 
■Vol.  i.,  4th  edit.,  1840;  vol.  ii..  Sth  edit.,  1845:  vol.  iii., 
1825.  Con.  to  Trans.  R.  Soc,  Edin.,  ii.  3.  1790.  In  Mr. 
White's  edit,  of  Dalzel's  Analecta  Gra?ca  Minora,  a  portion 
of  the  long  extracts  from  Lucian  has  been  retrenched,  and 
the  place  supplied  by  selections  from  Arrian  and  ^lian. 
The  notes  are  written  in  English,  and  the  Greek  Lexicon 
nas  been  remodelled  and  enlarged.  Substance  uf  Lectures 
on  the  Ancient  Greeks,  1821,  Svo.  See  a  review  in  Lon. 
Quarterly  Review,  xxvi.  243. 

Dalzel,  Archibald,  Governor  of  Whydah,  and  after- 
wards of  Cape  Coast  Castle,  in  Africa.  The  History  of  Da- 
Homey,  Lon.,  1793,  4to. 

"  The  otficial  situation  which  the  author  held  Rave  hiui  opportu- 
nities of  saitiing  muoh  v.iluable  information  of  this  kiu-^dom  and 
its  inhabitants,  the  accuracy  of  which  may  be  depended  on." — 
Stevciuon^s  Voyages  and  Travels. 

Dalzel,  James.  Short  Genealogy  of  the  Family  of 
Maitland,  Earl  of  Lauderdale,  Edin.,  1785,  4to.  Privately 
printed. 

Daman,  or  Damon,  Wm,,  one  of  Queen  Elizabeth's 
Musicians.  The  Psaumes  of  Dauid  in  English  meter.  Lon., 
1579,  long  Svo.  Gull.  Damon,  his  Psalmes,  in  foure  partes, 
1591.  4to. 

Damberger,  C.  F,  Travels  in  the  Interior  of  Africa, 
Lon..  ISOl.  Svo;  from  the  German.  Of  these  celebrated 
fictitious  travels,  written  in  a  garret  in  London,  two  trans- 
lations were  published  in  ISOl. 

Darner,  lion.  Mrs.  Diary  of  her  Tour  in  Greece, 
Turkey,  Egypt,  and  the  Holy  Land,  Lon.,  2  vols.  p.  Svo, 
1841,  '42. 

"The  Hon.  Mrs.  Bamer.  a  descendant  of  Lady  Mary  Wortley 
Montasu.  successfully  rivals  her  ladyship  in  the  very  features  in 
which  she  has  so  lonij  been  considered  the  most  deliijhtful  of  tour- 
ists. Such  pictures  of  Turkish  private  life  as  are  here  given,  it  is 
vain  to  look  for  elsewhere." — Lon.  jVcw  M'mUily  Mag. 

"  Information  that  cannot  but  be  considered  of  unrivalled  intei-- 
est  in  every  part  of  the  Christian  world." — Lon.  Sun. 

Damets,  Dr.  Juan.     Hist,  of  the  Baliarick  Islands, 
or  Kingdom  of  M.ajorca,  Lon.,  1719,  Svo. 
Damon,  Wm.     See  Daman. 

Dampier,  George.  Cure  for  bites  of  Mad  Creatures, 
Phil.  Trans..  1698. 

Dampier,  Thomas,  D.D.,  Dean  of  Rochester.  Serm., 
1782.  4to. 

Dampier,  Capt.  Wm.,  b.  1652,  a  celebrated  naviga- 
tor, was  a  native  of  Somersetshire.  A  sketch  of  his  voyages 
is  contiiined  in  Chalmers's  Biog.  Diet.,  and  in  the  Biogra- 
phic XJniverselle ;  but  the  reader  shoiJd  not  neglect  to  pe- 


DAN 

ruse  the  voyages,  the  best  edit,  of  which  will  be  found  in 
the  Collection  pub.  in  1729,  Lon.,  4  vols.  8vo.  Contents: 
1.  Capt.  Dampier's  Voyages  round  the  World.  2.  Voyages 
of  Lionel  Wafer.  3.  Voyage  round  the  World,  by  W.  Fun- 
nell.  Mate  to  Capt.  Dampier.  4.  Capt.  Cowley's  Voyage 
round  the  Glolje.  5.  Capt.  Sharp's  Journey  over  the  Isth- 
mus of  Darien,  and  Expedition  into  the  South  Seas.  6.  Capt. 
Wood's  Voyage  through  the  Strcights  of  Magellan.  7.  Mr. 
Roberts's  Adventures  and  Sufferings  among  the  Corsairs 
of  the  Levant. 

Dampier's  Account  of  a  New  A'oyage  round  the  World 
was  pub.  in  1697,  3  vols.  Svo;  1699,  2  vols.  Svo;  1703,  3 
vols.  8vo.  Voyage  to  Now  Holland,  1781,  Ac.  Besides 
several  edits.,  the  substance  of  his  story  has  been  transfer- 
red into  many  Collections  of  Voyages. 

"  It  is  not  easy  to  name  another  Voyager  who  has  given  more 
useful  information  to  the  World,  and  to  whom  the  Merchant  and 
Miirine  are  so  much  indebted." — Burnet. 

''Unequalled  as  an  observer,  and  gifted  with  the  most  remark- 
able powers  of  description." 

Dan,  Archdeacon.  Discourse  of  the  Army  of  the 
King  of  Spain,  assembled  at  Lisbon  against  England, 
Lon!".  lf)SS.  Svo. 

Dana,  Charle.s  Anderson,  b.  August  8,  1819,  at 
Hinsdale.  N.H.  He  entered  Harvard  Univ.  in  1S39,  but, 
owing  to  a  disease  of  the  eyes,  he  remained  there  but  two 
years,  and  received  an  honourable  dismissal.  He  suc- 
cessively edited  The  Harbinger,  a  Weekly  Journal  devoted 
to  Social  Reform  and  General  Literature ;  the  Boston  Chro- 
notype;  and  in  1847  he  became  connected  with  the  N.Y. 
Tribune,  and  is  now  (1858)  one  of  its  proprietors,  and,  in 
the  absence  of  Mr.  Greelev,  editor-in-chief.  He  edited  the 
Household  Book  of  Poetry,  N.Y.,  1S58,  Svo,  pp.  79.3. 

''  Dauii's  Household  Book  of  Poetry  is  a  success.  Everybody  is 
glad  to  have  in  a  single  volume  the  English  poems  to  which  they 
biibitually  love  to  refer."— Henry  T.  Tuckerjun. 

In  counexion  with  Geo.  Ripley,  he  is  editing  Appleton  a 
New  American  Cyclopajdia,  to  be  completed  in  15  vols. 
Svo.     See  KiPLEV,  George. 

Dana,  E.  Geogr.iphical  Sketches  of  the  Western 
Countrv  ;  for  Emigrants  and  Settlers,  Cin.,  1819,  12mo. 

Dana,  Francis,  LL.D.,  d.  ISll,  aged  68,  Chief  Jus- 
tice of  Massachusetts,  was  a  descendant  of  Richard  Dana, 
who  died  at  Cambridge  about  1695.  Francis  Dana  was 
envoy  to  Russia  during  the  American  Revolution,  a  mem- 
ber of  Congress,  and  of  the  Massachusetts  Conveutiou  for 
adopting  the  national  Constitution.  In  polities  he  was  a 
decided  and  energetic  Federalist.  His  Correspondence 
whilst  in  Europe  will  be  found  in  Sparks's  Diplomatic  Cor- 
respondence, vol.  viii.  AVe  shall  hereafter  have  occasion 
to  notice  the  literary  productions  of  Judge  Dana's  distin- 
guished son,  RicHAHn  H.  Dana. 

Dana,  James,  D.D.,  d.  1812,  aged  77,  a  minister  of 
New  Haven,  wasanative  of  Massachusetts.  Examination 
of  Edwards's  Inquiry  on  the  Freedom  of  the  Will.  Boston, 
1770,  Svo.  Anon.  The  Examination  Continued.  New  Ha- 
ven, 1773: — with  his  name — 3  Serms.  in  Amer.  Preacher, 
vol.  i  and  iii.  Serms.,  1763,  '64,  '67,  '70,  '74,  '90,  '91,  '92, 
'94,  '95,  1801,  '05,  '06.     See  Allen's  Amer.  Biog.  Diet. 

Dana,  Professor  James  Dwight,  b.  1S13.  at  Utica, 
New  York,  is  a  son  of  James  Dana.  1.  A  System  of  Jline- 
ralogy.  1st  edit.  New  Haven,  1837,  8vo,  pp.  572;  2d  edit, 
N.  York,  1844.  pp.  634;  3d  edit,  1860,  pp.  712;  4th  edit, 
1854,  2  vols.,  pp.  320  and  354  ;  5th  ed.,  1858,  Svo. 

"This  work  does  great  honour  to  America,  and  should  make  U9 
blush  for  the  neglect  in  England  of  an  important  and  interesting 
science." — Lon.  Athenaum. 

2.  Manual  of  Mineralogy,  New  ILaven,  1849,  12mo; 
1851,  pp.  432.  3.  Report  on  Zoophytes;  United  States 
Exphuing  Expedition  under  Commander  Charles  Wilkes, 
U.S.N.,  pp.  740,  4to,  with  an  Atlas  in  folio,  of  61  plates, 
Phila..  1S46.  Report  on  Geology,  (Ibid,)  pp.  756.  4to,with 
an  Atlas  in  folio  of  21  plates.  New  York,  1849.  Report  on 
Crustacea,  2  vols.  4to,  pp.  1620,  with  an  Atlas  in  folio  of 
96  plates,  1852.  Mr.  Dana  has  been  since  1846  one  of  the 
editors  of  The  American  Journal  of  Science,  and  to  this  pe- 
riodical and  the  proceedings  of  the  following  learned  bodies 
he  has  contributed  many  valuable  pajiers  :  The  proceedings 
of  the  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences  at  Philadelphia;  the 
Academy  of  Science,  Boston  ;  the  Lyceum  of  Natural  His- 
tory, N.  York  ;  the  American  Association  for  the  Advance- 
ment of  Science. 

Dana,  Professor  James  Freeman,  M.D.,  1793- 
1827,  grandson  of  Judge  Samuel  Dana,  and  son  of  Luther 
Dana,  was  Professor  of  Chemistry  and  Mineralogy  at  Dart- 
mouth College,  and  subsequently  Professor  of  Chemistry 
in  the  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons  at  New  York. 
Outlines  of  the  Mineralogy  and  Geology  of  Boston  and 


DAxV 

it^  Vicinity,  Boston,  1818,  8vo:  written  in  conjunction  witb 
his  brother,  Samuel  L.  Baua,  M.D.  An  Epitome  of  Che- 
mical Philosophy,  1825,  8vo,  He  contributed  to  sevenil 
journals.  See  Thacher's  Med,  Biog.j  Cat.  N.  H.  Hist. 
Sue,  ii.  290. 

Dana^  James  G.  Reports  of  Select  Cases  decided 
in  the  Cuurt  of  Appeals  of  Kentucky,  1834-40,  Frankfort, 
9  vols   Svo. 

Dana,  Joseph,  D.D.,  1742-1827.  a  minister  of  Ips- 
wich, Mat^sachusetts.  Discourses,  1782,  '95,  '99,  1800,  '01, 
'06.  '07.  '18. 

Daua,  Richard  Henry,  b.  1787,  at  Cambridge,  Mas- 
sachusetts, is  a  son  of  Francis  Dana,  (v.  ante,)  successively 
minister  to  Russia,  member  uf  Congress,  and  Chief  Justice 
of  Massachusetts.  The  first  of  the  family  who  settled  in 
America  (about  the  middle  of  Ihe  1 7th  century)  was 
Richard  Dana,  a  descendant  of  William  Dana,  Sheriff  of 
Middlesex  during  the  reign  of  Queen  Elizabeth.  After  a 
course  of  three  years'  application  to  his  studies  at  Harvard 
College,  he  adopted  the  profession  of  the  law,  which  he 
may  be  said  to  have  inherited,  as  his  father  and  grand- 
father, and  bis  mother's  father  and  grandfather, were  all 
gentlemeu  of  the  long  robe.  Mr.  Dana's  health  was  not 
robust,  and  this  impediment  to  active  exertion,  combined 
with  an  inclination  to  authorship,  caused  him  to  close  his 
office,  and  assume  a  portion  of  the  mingled  pleasures  and 
pains  attendant  upon  a  partial  editorship  of  the  North 
American  Review,  in  conjunction  with  his  relative.  Edward 
T.  Channing,  principal  manager  of  that  excellent  periodi- 
cal. Whilst  associate  editor — or  rather  assistant  in  the 
management — of  the  Review,  he  wrote  a  number  of  articles 
for  its  pages,  among  the  best  known  of  which  is  the  review 
of  Hazlitt's  Lectures  on  the  British  Poets.  We  may  here 
remark  that  Mr.  Daua  was  one  of  the  first  to  oppose  the 
despotic  sway  of  the  great  Jeffrey,  who  then  ruled  the  Re- 
public uf  Letters  with  a  *'  rod  of  iron  ;" — one  of  the  first  to 
claim  for  Wordsworth  and  Coleridge  the  tribute  which  has 
since  been  so  heartily  accorded  to  them.  Mr.  Dana's  con- 
nection with  theReviewceased  in  1820,  and  soon  after  his 
withdrawal  from  the  North  American  Club,  he  began  Tlie 
Idle  Man,  of  which  the  first  volume  appeared  in  1821. 
This  volume,  and  one  number  of  a  second,  compose  the 
whole  series  of  this  periodical.  It  was  unprofitable,  and 
Mr.  Dana  did  not  deem  it  a  duty  tn  amuse  and  instruct  the 
public  at  his  own  expense.  In  The  Idle  Man  appeared 
Tom  Thornton,  a  novel;  his  other  stories,  and  several  es- 
says. In  1821  Mr.  Daua  contributed  to  The  New  York 
Review — under  the  editorial  care  of  his  friend,  Wm.  0. 
Bryant — his  first  poem,  The  Dying  Raven.  In  1S27  he 
published  his  most  celebrated  production,  The  Buccaneer; 
eome  other  poems  were  included  in  the  same  volume.  In 
1833  he  gave  to  the  world  an  edition  of  his  Poems  and 
Prose  Writings,  including  The  Buccaneer  and  other  pieces 
embraced  in  his  previous  volume,  with  some  new  poema, 
and  his  own  compositions  originally  puldished  in  The  Idle 
Man.  Since  1833  Mr.  Dana  has  written  but  little.  He 
has  contributed  a  few  articles  to  The  Literary  and  Theo- 
logical Review,  and  The  Spirit  of  the  Pilgrims,  and  a  few 
poems  to  a  magazine  published  under  the  editorial  super- 
intendeuce  of  the  Rev.  Dr.  Griswold;  to  whose  works  on 
American  Authors  we  are  indebted  for  the  facts  contained 
in  this  notice. 

We  must  not  omit  to  notice,  as  among  the  most  valuable 
of  Mr.  Dana's  contributions  to  the  intellectual  wealth  of 
his  country,  a  course  of  ten  lectures  upon  Shakspeare,  de- 
livered in  the  winters  of  1839  and  '40  in  the  cities  of  Bos- 
ton, New  York,  and  Philadelphia.  Many  of  our  readers 
will  remember  the  interest  excited  among  the  more  intel- 
ligent classes  by  these  expositions  of  the  excellencies  of 
the  great  poet  of  human  nature  under  all  types  and  in  all 
ages.  A  collective  ed.  of  Mr.  Dana's  Poems  and  Prose 
Writings  was  pub.  N.  York,  1850,  2  vols.  12mo;  and  a 
vol.  entitled  The  Poetical  Works  of  Edgar  Allan  Poe  and 
Richard  H.  Dana  was  printed  by  Routledge.  Lou.,  1857, 
18mo,  pp.  260.  For  the  profit  of  the  reader,  we  give  some 
extracts  from  a  review  of  the  American  volumes  by  Mr.  S. 
G.  Brown  : 

*'  No  one  can  rise  from  even  a  rapid  perusal,  without  a  fresh  im- 
pulse towards  the  noblest  object  s  of  life ;  no  one  can  become  familiar 
with  them  without  being  unconsciously  led  to  a  habit  of  serious 
thought,  and  finding  his  best  affections  most  cherished,  and  his 
sympathies  witb  the  beautiful,  the  good,  and  the  tiuo,  eiilarj^ed 
and  strengthened.  .  .  .  An  exquisite  and  indescribable  delicacv 
and  pentleuessof  spirit  pervades  every  page,  and  beautifuUv  tinges 
the  tbou^'hts  which  another  would  have  expressed,  if  at  all.  with 
a  gIarini;obtrusiveness.  .  .  .  The  ^■pecial  power  of  the  iuiatiiuation, 
impenetrated,  warmed,  and  dirritcd  by  the  afTi  t-timis.  gives  a  pe- 
culi.ir  and  inimitable  vitiility  to  tlic  st\  Ir:  ;ind  jn-rhnps  llj.-re  is  no 
eiuj^le  quality  of  Mr.  Dana's  mind  which  so  strouglyiudividualizes, 


•■-. .  DAN 

elevates,  and.  as  we  may  say.  glorifies  his  writings.  Tn  the  gravest 
e^say.  no  less  than  in  the  story,  you  fall  upon  some  touchirii:  ex- 
pression upon  almost  every  page,  to  which  the  heart  gave  birth, 
not  the  head.  .  .  .  After  these  quntation.s  it  surelv  needs  no  word 
of  ours,  as  it  has  by  no  means  been  our  object,  to  viiidic;ite  the 
claim  of  the  author  to  what  the  gentle  Sir  Philip  calls  '  the  .'yicred 
iiauie  of  Poet.'  That  verdict  was  given  long  since.  Accuracy  of 
observation,  a  wide  and  genuine  sympathy,  au  insight  into  the 
secret  he-lrt  of  things,  a  just  judgment  and  ample  knowledge,  a 
fancy  to  paint  and  an  imagination  to  warm  and  enliven,  au  ear 
for  the  music  of  language,  and  a  mind  all  aglow  with  the  fire  of 
thought,  attest  the  truth  to  which  we  must  re-idily  assent."^ 
North  Amer.  Jfeview.  Ixxii.  115. 

The  reader  must  not  fail  to  peruse  a  notice  of  The  Buc 
caneer  in  Blackwood's  Magazine,  (sxxvii.  419,  1835,)  which 
the  famous  reviewer  introduces,  and  treats  throughout  in 
his  own  inimitable  style: 

'•  We  remember  some  years  ago  having  been  greatly  struck,  in 
Specimens  of  the  American  Poets — a  Collection  iu  three  volumes, 
which  some  consuumiate  villain  has  stolen  from  us — with  The  Buc- 
caneer, by  Kichardll.Dana.  It  is  included  in  this  volume,  (Selec- 
tions from  the  Ameiican  Poets.  Dublin.  1S34.  llimo,j  and  we  pro- 
nounce it  by  far  Ihe  most  powerful  and  original  of  American  poetr 
ical  compositions.  The  power  is  Mr.  Dana's  own ;  but  the  style — 
though  he  has  made  it  his  own  too — is  coloured  by  that  of  Ciabbe, 
of  Wordsworth,  and  of  Coleridge.  He  is  no  servile  follower  of  those 
great  masters,  but  his  genius  has  been  inspired  by  theirs — and  he 
almost  pLtces  himself  on  a  level  with  them  by  this  extraordinary 
story — we  mean  on  the  level  on  which  thev  stand  in  such  poems 
as  the  Old  Grimes  of  Ciabtie-  the  Peter  Bell  of  Wordsworth,  and 
the  Ancient  Manner  of  Coleridge.  The  Buccaneer  is  not  equal  to 
any  one  of  them,  but  it  belongs  to  the  same  class,  and  shows  much 
of  the  same  power  in  the  delineations  of  the  mysterious  workings 
of  the  passions  and  the  imagination.  The  opening  is  very  beau- 
tiful. ...  In  our  abridgment  the  Tale  has  seemed  almost  all  one 
uninterrupted  series  of  guilt  and  misery ;  but  sweet  and  soothing 
imagery  is  sometimes  very  skilfully  introduced  for  reliefs  sake, 
and  sometimes,  too,  touches  of  tenderness  that  may  awaken  tears." 
— CiiRisToi'fiER  North. 

A  notice  of  Mr.  Dana's  Thoughts  on  the  Soul,  by  F.  ^V. 
P.  Greenwood,  will  be  found  iu  the  North  American  Re- 
view, XXX.  274:  We  quote  a  few  lines: 

"The  poet's  Thoughts  on  the  Soul  are  evidently  the  breathings 
of  his  own  soul;  and  his  words  flow  out  warmly  from  his  own 
heart.  There  is  a  .^lerious  and  earnest  individuality  about  Mr.  D.v 
na's  muse,  which  forbids  the  suspicion  that  she  can  be  plavinga 
part,  or  that  she  is  iu  any  degree  otherwise  than  what  she  seems. 
The  love  which  she  demands  is  respectful  love,  the  homage  which 
is  rendered  to  the  beauty  of  holiness." 

Dr.  Griswold  also  notices  this  marked  individuality, 
which  is  so  strikiug  a  characteristic  of  Mr.  Dana's  compo- 
sitions: 

"The  strength  of  Mr.  Dana  lies  very  much  in  the  union  of  sen- 
timent with  imagination,  or  perhaps  in  au  ascendency  of  sentiment 
over  his  other  faculties.  It  is  this  whii.h  makes  every  character 
of  his  so  actual,  as  if  he  entered  into  each  with  his  own  conscience, 
and  iu  himself  suffered  the  victories  over  the  will,  and  the  remorse 
which  follows  them.  There  are  beautiful  touches  of  lancy  in  his 
tales,  but  as  in  his  poems,  the  fancy  is  inferior  and  subject  to  the 
imagination." 

See  also  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  vol.  v.,  (Wm.  C.  Bryant;)  Chris. 
Exam.,  XV.,  (C.  C.  Felton,)  xlviii.,  (E.  P.  Whipple ;)  Amer. 
Whig  Rev.,  v.,  (Wm.  A.  Jones;)  Amer.  Quar.  Obs.,  ii., 
(E.  C.  Tracy:)  Lit.  and  Theol,  Rev.,  (Neh.  Adams;) 
Amer.  Quar.  Rev.,  iii. ;  Amer.  Month.  Rev.,  iv. ;  N.  Eng. 
Mag.,  v.;  N.  Englander,  is. ;  Knicker.,  xxxviii. j  Phila. 
Mus.,  xxvi. 

"The  Idle  Man,  which  came  out  in  numbers  in  1821,  '22.  notr 
withstanding  the  cold  reception  it  met  with  from  the  public,  we 
look  upou  as  holding  a  place  among  the  first  productions  of  Ame- 
rican literature.  It  will  be  leferred  to  hereafter,  we  doubt  not, 
as  standing  apart  from  the  crowd  of  contemporary  writings,  and 
distinguished  by  a  character  of  thought  and  expn-ssion  peculiarly 
its  own.  One  reason  why  it  took  so  little  at  its  first  appearance, 
was  probably  the  hardihood  with  which  its  author  sli;„'hted  the 
usual  arts  of  attracting  the  public  attention,  and  conciliating  the 
public  favour.  It  was  not  a  work  that  reflected  the  passing  image 
of  the  day;  and  the  author  adopted  no  fashionable  modes  of  ex- 
pression, submitted  to  no  fashionable  canons  of  criticism,  copied 
no  popular  author,  and  intimated  no  consent  to  favourite  opinions. 
He  Seems  to  have  fixed  his  attention  only  upon  what  he  thought 
the  permanent  qualities  of  literature,  and  his  work  is  one  which 
will  be  read  acentury  hence,  as  at  the  present  time.  .  .  .  The  .style 
of  The  Idle  Man  is  genuine  mother  English,  formed  from  a  study 
of  the  elder  authors  of  the  language,  with  now  and  then  a  collo- 
quial expression  of  the  humblest  kind,  elevated  into  unexpected 
dignity,  or  au  obsolete  word  or  phrase  revived,  as  if  on  purpose  to 
excite  the  distaste  of  the  admirers  of  a  stately  or  .a  modernized  diiv 
tion.  It  is  free  from  all  commonplace  ornaments,  from  all  that 
multitude  of  stock  metaphors  and  illustrations  which  have  an- 
swered the  uses  of  authors  from  time  immemorial.  Add  to  this 
that  the  speculations  of  the  author  were  as  much  his  own  as  his 
style.  An  ori^rinal  turn  of  thinking  is  not  the  surest  passport  to 
immediate  popularity.  It  is  much  easier,  and  sometimes,  much 
safer,  to  follow  one  who  thinks  in  the  common  track.  .  ,  .  AVe  like 
this  work  [The  Buccaneer  and  other  Poems,  Boston,  IS'27,  Svo,  pp. 
113]  the  lietter.  perhaps,  because  some  of  its  merits  are  of  a  kind 
not  common  in  modern  poetry.  It  is  simpleand  severt-  in  its  .style, 
and  free  from  thatjierpetual  desire  to  be  glittering  and  imaginative, 
which  dresses  up  every  idea  that  occurs  in  the  same  allowance  of 
figures  of  speech.     As  to  what  is  called  ambition  of  style,  the  work 


DAN 


DAN 


does  not  contain  a  particle  of  it:  if  the  spntiment  or  image  pre- 
sented to  the  readf-r's  mind  be  of  itself  calculated  to  make  an  ini- 
pression,  it  is  allowed  to  do  so,  by  being  given  in  the  most  direct 
and  furciblw  language;  if  otherwise,  no  pains  are  taken  to  make  it 
pas9  for  more  tlmn  it  is  worth.  There  is  even  an  occasional  home- 
liness of  expri'ssinn  which  does  not  strike  ns  agreeably,  and  a  few 
passages  are  liable  to  the  charge  of  haishness  and  abruptness.  Yet, 
altogether,  there  is  power  put  forth  in  this  little  volume,  strength 
of  pathos,  talent  at  description,  and  command  of  language.  There 
is  the  same  i)roi)enBity  aa  was  exhibited  in  The  Idle  Man  to  deal 
with  strong  and  gluumy  passions,  with  regret,  remorse,  fear,  and 
despair,  with  feelings  over  which  present  events  have  no  control 
eKCopt  to  exaggerate  them,  and  which  look  steadilv  back  to  the 
unalterable  past  or  forward  to  the  mysterious  future." — Wm.  C. 
Bryant:  JV.  Anwr.  Itev.,  xxvi.  239. 

Dana,  Richard  Henry,  Jr..  son  of  the  preceding, 
and  a  distin<:uisheil  member  of  the  Boston  Bar,  is  known  as 
the  author  of  Two  Years  before  the  :\Iapt,  N.Y..  1840.  24mo. 
"This  is,  in  many  respects,  a  remarkable  book.  It  is  a  success- 
ful attempt  to  describe  a  class  of  men,  and  a  course  of  life,  which, 
thoui^h  familiarly  spoken  of  by  most  people,  and  considered  as 
within  the  limits  of  civilization,  will  appear  to  them  now  almost 
as  just  discovered.  To  find  a  new  subject  in  so  old  a  sphere  of 
humanity  is  something;  and  scarcely  second  to  this  are  the  spirit 
and  skill  with  which  it  is  handled.  It  seems  as  if  the  writer  must 
have  been  favoured  with  a  special  gift  for  his  novel  enterprise. 
.  .  .  The  style  we  had  never  thought  of  as  a  distinct  thing,  till  we  I 
began  to  prepare  this  notice;  and,  no  doubt,  because  it  cills  for  no  I 
separate  remark,  and  is  content  with  doing  its  work.  It  is  plain, 
straightforward  and  manly,  never  swollen  for  effect,  or  kept  down 
from  apprehension.  There  is  no  appearance  of  seeking  for  words; 
but  those  that  will  best  answer  the  purpose  come  and  foil  into 
their  proper  places  of  their  own  will;  so  that,  whatever  the  transi- 
tions may  be.  the  composition  flows  on  with  natural,  stream-like 
varieties,  while  we  partiike  of  the  changing  intluences  without  a  ■ 
word  of  comment,  and  probably  with  little  consciousness.  This,  i 
we  suppose,  is  the  perfection  of  style,  so  lar  as  impression  is  con- 
cerned; and  to  some  extent  it  will  always  be  found  in  an  intelli- 
gent writer,  who,  without  thinking  much  of  himself,  or  of  making 
a  sensation,  says  honestly  how  things  were,  and  how  they  affected  i 
him.  We  must  uot,  however,  attribute  too  much  to  sincerity,  or  > 
even  to  intelligence.  Where  language  is  employed  with  singular 
fitness  and  e;ise,  a  writer  must  be  deep  in  the  secret  of  its  power, 
though  at  little  troutJe  in  managing  it." — E.  T.  Channing  :  Nnrth 
Anicr.  Rev.y  lii.  56.  See  also  Chris.  Exam.,  vol.  xxix.;  Dem.  Rev., 
viii. ;  N.  York  Rev.,  vii. 

We  add  a  few  lines  from  a  transatlantic  critic  : 
*'  This  is  an  exceedingly  interesting  narrative,  depicting,  in  its 
true  colours,  what  is  the  real  life  of  a  sailor  before  the  mast.  It  is 
the  only  work  that  has  yet  appeared  from  the  pen  of  one  whose 
personal  experience  has  enabled  him  to  set  forth  to  the  public  what 
are  the  thoughts,  feelings,  enjoyments,  and  sufferings  of  our  sea- 
men: and  ^Ir.  Dana,  the  author  of  it,  has  been  most  successful  in 
his  delineation  of  them.  We  strongly  recommend  this  book  to  the 
attentionof  theTarsof  Old  England,  as  being  one  which  will  afford 
them  both  amusement  and  instruction.  The  fine  tone  of  manly 
feeling  and  tender  sympathy  which  runs  throughout  the  whole  of 
it.  will  not  only  suggest  to  them  how  they  may  make  themselves 
happy  in  their  condition  of  life,  but  how  they  may  encounter  and 
oveicome  the  many  troubles  and  trials  to  which  their  hardy  pro- 
fession is  necess:trily  exposed.  We  hope  to  hear  that  every  sailor, 
from  the  cabiu-boy  to  the  captain,  has  procured  for  himself  a  copy 
of  it.  We  are  sure  one  perusal  of  it  will  amply  repay  him  both 
the  expense  and  time  taken  up  in  it. 

"  We  understand  from  competent  judges — from  f^enmen  themselves 
— that  it  is  the  only  book  that  has  yet  appeared  which  gives  any 
real  idea  of  the  lite  of  a  sailor.  Captain  Marryat's  novels  do  not 
depict  what  life  on  board  ship  is.  Much  of  what  is  reported  in 
them  to  have  passed  in  conversation  was  never  spoken,  and  never 
had  existence  Imt  in  the  fertile  imagination  of  the  novelist:  it  is, 
in  short,  as  tar  different  from  the  re.il  life  and  chai-acter  of  the 
sailor,  as  it  possibly  can  be ;  and  those  who  want  to  see  what  is  the 
true  character  of  the  man  on  board  ship,  have  yet  to  peruse  the 
work  of  this  estimable  young  man.  It  is,  in  fact,  a  voice  from  the 
common  sailor. — a  true  picture  of  his  thoughts,  feelings,  the  fore- 
castle— a  faithful  simple  record  of  the  every-day  duty  of  enjoyments 
and  sufferings.'' 

Mr.  Dana  has  al.so  published  The  Seaman's  Friend,  con- 
taining a  Treatise  on  Practical  Seamanship,  with  plates,  a 
Dictionary  of  Sea  Terms,  Customs  and  Usages  of  the  Mer- 
chantService,  1841, 12mo;  Lou.,  1S56,  p.  Svo.  EditedWash- 
ington  Allston's  Lects.  on  Art,  and  Poems.  N.  ¥.,  1850, 12mo. 
Dana,  Samuel  L.,  M.D.  Treatise  on  Diseases,  Svo. 
Essny  on  Manures,  N.  York,  1850,  12mo.  Muck  Manual 
for  Manures,  Lowell,  1851, 12mo.  See  Dana,  James  Free- 
man. M.D. 

Dauby,  Thomas  Osborne,  Earl  of,  subsequently 
Duke  of  Leeds.  Copies  and  Extracts  of  some  Letters  writ- 
ten to  and  from  the  Earl  of  Danby,  1676-78,  with  particu- 
lar Remarks  upon  some  of  them,  Lun.,  1710,  Svo.  Pub. 
by  his  Grace's  direction  to  exculpate  himself  from  the 
charges  laid  against  him  in  Parliament  in  1678.  See  Ar- 
guments in  the  Court  of  King's  Bench  on  his  Motion  for 
Bail,  16S2,  fol.  j  Memoirs  relating  to  his  impeachment, 
1711.  Svo. 

Dance,  George,  d.  1824.  A  Collection  of  72  Por- 
traits from  Life,  engraved  by  Wm.  Daniel,  Lon.,  lSOS-14, 
12  Nos.  2  vols  iVd. 

Dancer.  History  of  the  Civil  Wars  of  Great  Britain 
and  Ireland,  1661,  fol. 


Dancer,  John.  Plato  and  Aristotle,  Lon..  1673, 12mo; 
Nicomcde,  a  Tragi-Couiedy,  1671  ;  Agrippa,  1675,  sm.  fol. ; 
all  from  the  French.  With  Nicomede  wilt  be  found  a  Cata- 
logue of  all  the  English  Stage  Plays  printed  till  this  pre- 
sent year,  1671.  Duaeertraus.  Amynta,  aPlay  from  Tasso. 
All  of  his  trans,  are  scarce. 

Dancer,  Thomas.  Med.  and  botanical  works,  1781- 
1S06. 

Dancy,  Mrs.  Elizabeth,  b.  1509,  second  daughter     ' 
of  Sir  Thomas  More,  was  a  correspondent  of  Erasmus,  who 
praises  her  for  "her  pure  Latin  style,  and  genteel  way  of 
writing."     See  Ballard's  Memoirs  of  Briti.'rh  Ladies. 

Dane,  John,  D.D.     Serms..  1705,  'lu,  'II.  '12. 

Dane,  Nathan,  d.  1834,  aged  82.  a  native  of  Ipswich, 
Massachusetts,  founded  in  l^^'J  the  Law  Professorship 
which  bears  his  name  at  Harvard  University.  Abridg- 
ment and  Digest  of  American  Law,  with  Notes  and  Com- 
ments, Boston,  1823,  9  vols.  Svo.  Appendix  to  ditto, 
1830.  Svo. 

"  Uis  comments  exhibit  various  learning  and  close  reflection, 
and  his  illustrations  cannot  fail  to  assist  such  as  seek  for  aid  in 
those  obscure  parts  of  the  law  which  perplex  by  their  intricacy 
and  equivocal  direction." 

"  Although  the  Abridgment  is  a  work  of  great  labour,  and  anafr 
knowledgedmonumentof  its  authoi-'s  industry,  care,  and  accuracy, 
yet  it  has  never  been  a  great  Civourite  with  the  profession,  from 
the  want  of  method  which  pervades  the  entire  work.  It  was  valu- 
able when  first  juiMished.  but  is  now  nearly  superseded  as  a  book 
of  reference,  and  ii"  niii.-  thinks  of  reading  it  as  an  elementary  trea- 
tise. Its  iniiotthudiral  plan  andthe  natural  changesand  progress 
of  American  jurisprudence  have  almost  consigned  to  ohlivion  the 
half-century's  toil  of  a  learned  jurist  and  a  true  philanthropist." — 
Marvin's  Legal  Bibh,  252;  4  .inicr.  Jurist,  Ixiii.  411;  i'J)  411. 

"A  liberal  and  learned  profession  will  hold  in  high  estimation 
the  labours  of  this  eminent  civilian  and  lawyer,  who,  for  half  a 
century,  has  made  American  jurisprudence  and  American  institu- 
tior.B  his  peculiar  study;  and  every  lawyer,  instead  of  feeling  re- 
gret tV.r  deficiencies,  ought  to  be  animated  with  sincere  gratification 
for  what  has  been  accomplished." — North  American  Review,  xxiii. 
1,  1S2G. 

AVhen  we  add  to  the  above  tribute  a  consideration  of  the 
benefits  which  have  resulted  from  the  Dane  Law  School 
and  Dane  Professorship,  which  has  been  dignified  by  the 
learning  of  a  Story,  a  Greenleaf,  and  a  Parsons — we  feel 
authorized  in  claiming  for  Nathan  Dane  a  prrmiinent  place 
in  the  first  rank  of  American  philanthropists.  It  were 
easy  to  add  to  the  catuloguo  of  ilr.  Dane's  claims  to  the 
respectful  rcinenibrance  of  his  countrymen. 

Danes,  John.  ALightto  Lilic;  or  the  Latin  Tongue, 
Lon. .1631, Svo.   Paralipomena,  OrthographiEe.(tc.,1638,4to. 

Danett,  Thos.  Historie  of  France,  from  the  death, 
of  Charles  8th  till  the  death  of  Henry  2d.  1600,  4to.  The 
Description  of  the  Low  Countreys;  an  Epitome  out  of 
Guicchardini,  1593,  Svo. 

Danforth,  John,  1660-1730,  aministerof  Dorchester, 
Mass.     Serms.,  1697,  1710.  '16,  &o.     Poems,  1727,  Ac. 

Danforth,  Samuel,  1626-1674,  a  minister  of  Rox- 
bury,  Mass.,  father  of  the  preceding,  was  a  native  of  Eng- 
land. Astronom.  descrip.  of  the  late  Comet,  Camb.,  New 
Eng.,  1665.  '66,  Svo.     Serms..  1670.  J:c. 

Danforth,  Samuel,  1666-1727.  a  minister  of  Taun- 
ton, Mass.,  son  of  the  preceding.  Eulogy,  1713.  Serm., 
1714.  He  left  in  MS.  an  Indian  Dictionary,  apartof  which, 
is  now  in  tlie  library  of  the  Mass.  Historical  Society. 

Danforth,  Thos.     Theory  of  Chimnies,  1796,  Svo. 

Dangerfield,  J.     Short-hand.  Chelsea,  1814,  Svo. 

Dan^gcrfield,  Thos.  Theolog.  treatises,  Ac.  1679-85. 

Daniel,  George.  The  Times;  or  the  Prophecy,  Lon., 
1812,  Svo :  2d  edit..  1S13.     Miscellaneous  Poems,  is'l2,  Svo. 

Daniel,  George.  Modern  Dunciad,  Virgil  in  Lon- 
don, and  other  Poems,  Lon.,  1835,  p.  Svo. 

"This  modern  Pope,  whoever  he  be,  has  produced  a  Dunciad, 
which  the  stinging  bard  of  Twickenham  would  not  be  ashamed 
to  own.  The  bard  spares  neither  poet  nor  courtier;  and  in  the 
office  of  a  satirist,  he  speaks  with  the  boldness  of  Juvenal." — Lfm. 
Munthjy  Iteview. 

The  Missionary,  a  Poem,  1847,  sm.4to.  Merrie  Englana 
in  the  Olden  Time,  1842,  2  vols.  p.  Svo.  This  is  an  in- 
structive and  amusing  volume.  The  good-humoured  anti- 
quary is  no  ignoble  philanthropist.  Democritus  in  Loudon, 
&c..  lSo2.  p.  Svo. 

Daniel,  Godfrey.  The  Christian  Doctrine,  in  six 
principles,  Dubl.,  1652,  Svo.     In  English  and  Irish. 

Daniel,  John.  Comfort  against  all  kinde  of  Calami- 
tie,  Lon.,  lo76,  Svo.  This  is  a  trans,  from  the  Spanish  of 
Perez. 

Daniel,  John.  TheJewi.=h  Unction,  Lon.,  1651, 12mo. 

Daniel,  John.  Life  and  Adventures  of,  Lon.,  1751, 
12mo.     Written  in  imitation  of  Peter  Wilkins. 

Daniel,  Rev.  John.  Ecclesiastical  History  of  the 
Britons  and  Saxons,  1S15,  Svo. 

473 


DAN 


DAN 


Daniel,  Mrs.  Mackenzie.  The  Poor  Cousin,  1846, 
3  vols.  p.  Svo.  My  8isttr  Minnie,  Lon.,  18i8,  3  vols.  p.  8vo. 
Georgina  Hammond,  1849,  3  vols.  p.  Svo.     Other  works. 

"  Amongst  our  novelists  we  have  no  more  pure.  asreeaV>le.  and 
genial  writer  than  Mrs.  Mackenzie  Daniel,  liccrcina  Hammond 
is  certitin  to  b'*come  one  of  the  standard  novels  in  the  language, 
and  to  be  read  over  and  over  again. — portraying,  with  a  graphic 
pencil,  the  manners,  thoughts,  customs,  and  feelings  prevailing  at 
this  moment  among  large  classes  of  the  English  people."— ion. 
Morninfj  Hprald. 

Daiiiel,  Iticliard.     A  Copy  Book,  Lon.,  1664,  fol. 
Daniel,  Ilichard.     A  Poem,  Lon.,  1714,  fol. 
Daniel,  Ilichard,  Dean  of  Armagh.     A  Paraphrase 
on  somo  Select  Psalms,  Lon. .1722,  Svo. 

Daniel,  Samuel,  1662-161»,  a  poet  and  historian, 
was  a  native  ot  Taunton.  Somersetshire.  He  was  educated 
at  Ma^^dalen  Hall,  Oxford,  and  was  subsequently  tutor  to 
the  celebrated  Anne  Clifford,  daughter  of  George,  Earl  of 
Cumberland,  and  afterwards  Countess  of  Pembroke.  Of 
his  personal  history  but  few  records  have  descended  to 
posterity,  and  later  researches  have  rendered  even  these 
question.able.  That  he  was  a  great  favourite  with  his  con- 
tempor.Tries,  we  have  ample  evidence.  For  some  years  he 
resided  in  a  small  house  in  the  parish  of  St,  Luke's,  Lon- 
don, associated  with  Shakspcare,  Marlowe,  Chapman,  and 
others,  and  towards  the  close  of  his  life  retired  to  a  farm 
at  Beckington  near  Philips-Norton,  in  Somersetshire.  Dis- 
course of  Rare  Inventions;  a  trans,  from  Paulus  Jovius, 
Lon.,  1585,  Svo.  Delia;  contayningcertayne sonnets,  1592, 
4to.  Delia  and  Rosamond  augmented,  1594,  4to.  The 
Tragedie  of  Cleopatra,  1594,  4to.  Historic  of  the  Ciuile 
Warres  betweene  the  Houses  of  York  and  L.ancaster,  1595, 
4to;  in  verse.  Octavia  to  Antouinus,  1599,  Svo.  Mvso- 
philvs,  1599,  4to.  Epistles,  1601,  4to.  Poems,  1602,  fol. 
Certaice  small  poems,  with  the  tragedy  of  Philotus,  1605, 
Svo.  Defence  of  Ryme  against  Thomas  Campion,  1603, 
Svo.  A  Panegyrike,  1628,  4to.  Twelve  Goddesses,  1604, 
Svo.  The  Qveenes  Arcadia ;  a  Pastoral!  Trage-Comedie, 
1605,  4to.  Tethy's  Festival,  1610,  4to.  The  History  of 
England;  Part  1,  reaching  to  the  end  of  K.  Stephen's  reign; 
in  prose,  16l:i,  4to.  Part  2,  reaching  to  the  end  of  the 
reign  of  K.  Edw.  III.,  1618,  '21,  '23,  '34,  fol.  Continued 
to  the  end  of  K,  Rich.  III.,  by  John  Russell;  to  which  is 
added  Lord  Bacon's  Life  of  Henry  VIL,  Lon.,  1621,  '50. 
To  which  is  .added  Hist,  of  Eng.  to  the  end  of  Henry  VI. 
See  Kennett's  Hist.  Certaine  small  Workes  heretofore  di- 
vulged, 1611,  ]2mo.  Poem  on  the  Death  of  the  Earl  of 
Devon.  1623,  4to.  Plays  and  Poems.  1623.  4to.  Hvmen's 
Triumph,  1623,  4to.  Collections  of  the  Hist,  of  Eng.  to 
the  end  of  Henry  III.,  1626,  fol.  Whole  Workes,  in  Poetry, 
1601,  fol.,  1  623,  4to.  Pub.  by  the  Author's  brother.  Bibl. 
Anglo-Poet.,  £4  14«.6ii.  Works.  1631.  fol.  Poetical  Works, 
■with  Mem.  of  his  Life  and  Writings,  1718,  2  vols.  12mo. 

"The  works  of  Samuel  Daniel  containe  somewhat  a  tlat.  yet 
withal  a  very  pure  and  copious.  English,  and  words  as  warrantable 
as  any  mans,  and  fitter  perhaps  for  prose  than  measure." — Bolton. 

"  For  sweetness  and  rhyming,  second  to  none," — Drdmmond. 

Gabriel  Harvey,  in  his  Foure  Letters  and  Certaine  Son- 
nets, praises  our  author  for  bis  efforts  to  enrich  and  polish 
his  native  tongue. 

*'  One  whose  memory  will  ever  he  fresh  in  the  minds  of  those  who 
fiiTour  history  or  poetry.  .  .  .  But  however  his  Cenius  was  quali- 
fied for  Poetry.  1  take  his  History  of  England  to  he  the  Crown  of 
all  his  WorVir—Laiigliaine's  Dramatick  I'oets.  leul. 

'■  His  liither  was  a  master  of  musick;  and  his  harmonious  mind 
made  an  impression  on  his  son's  genius,  who  proved  an  exquisite 
poet.  He  carried  in  his  Christian  and  surname,  two  holy  prophets, 
his  monitors  so  to  qnalifi  his  r.plur.s,  thai  hp  al.hnrnd  all  pro- 
phaneness.  He  was  als..a  judi  i.us  hi^tcnian,  witons:.  his  lives  of 
our  English  Kings  since  the  conquest  until  Edward  III.,  wherein 
he  hath  the  happiness  to  reconcile  brevity  with  clearness,  qualities 
of  great  distance  in  other  authors.  ...  In  his  old  age  he  turned 
husbandman,  and  rented  a  farm  in  Wiltshire,  nigh  the  Devizes. 
I  can  give  no  account  how  he  thrive. 1  llnTeupon.  For  though  he 
was  well  versed  in  Virgil,  his  lillnw  bn.-l«ndman-poet,  vet  there 
is  more  required  tomakearich  farmer,  than  only  to  say  his"  Georgics 
by  heart;  and  I  question  whether  his  Italian 'will  fit  our  English 
husbandry.  Besides,  I  suspect  that  Mr,  Daniel's  fancv  was  too  tine 
and  sublimated  to  be  wrought  down  to  his  private  profit," — PttUer's 

'■  Though  very  rarely  sublime,  he  hxs  ,skill  in  the  pathetic ;  and 
his  pages  are  disgraced  with  neither  ped.antrv  nor  conceit.  We  find, 
both  in  his  poetry  and  pi-ose,  such  a  legitimate  and  rational  flow 
of  language  as  approaches  nearer  the  style  of  the  l^th  than  the 
16th  century,  and  of  which  we  mav  ,safelv'assert.  that  it  never  will 
become  obsolete.  .  .  ,  In  his  Complaint  of  Cleopatra  he  has  caught 
Ovid's  manner  very  happily," — Hk.^dlet. 

'■The  character  of  Daniel's  genius  .seems  to  be  propriety,  rather 
than  elevation.  His  language  is  generally  pure  and  harmonious: 
and  his  reflections  are  just.  But  his  thoughts  are  too  abstract, 
and  appeal  rather  to  the  understanding  than  to  the  imagination 
or  the  hi-art;  and  he  wanted  the  fire  necessary  to  the  loftier  flights 
of  piictrv." — Str  Egkrtov  BUVhOES. 

1  iqV^  ^^  revert  to  the  sonnets  of  Daniel  which  were  published  in 
169_,  we  shall  there  find,  as  Mr.  Malone  had  previously  remarked, 
474 


the  prototype  of  Ph.akspeare's  amatory  verse.  .  .  .  There  is  reason 
to  suppose  that  none  of  Shakspeare's  sonnets  were  written  before 
the  appearance  of  Daniel's  Itelia,  .  .  .  There  is  also  in  Daniel  much 
of  that  tissue  of  abstract  thought,  and  that  reiteration  of  words, 
which  so  remarkably  distinguish  the  sonnets  of  our  bard. 

"  Sound  morality,  prudential  wisdom,  and  occasional  touches  of 
the  pathetic,  delivered  in  a  style  of  then  unequalled  chastity  and 
perspicuity,  will  he  recognise'd  throughout  his  work,  [The  Civil 
Wars  l>etween  the  two  Houses  of  Lancaster  and  York  ;]  but  neither 
warmth,  passion,  nor  sublimity,  nor  the  most  distant  trace  of  en- 
thusiasm, can  be  found  to  animate  the  mass.  .  .  .  But  these  histo- 
rians fKaleigh,  Hayward,  Knolles,  and  Lord  Bacon]  are  excelled, 
in  purity  of  style  and  perspicuity  of  narration,  by  Daniel,  whose 
History  of  England,  closing  with  the  reign  of  Edward  the  Third, 
is  a  production  which  reflects  great  credit  on  the  age  in  which  it  is 
written." — Droit's  Sliakspeare  and  his  Times. 

Certainly  Daniel  succeeded  better  as  a  prose  historian 
than  as  a  poetical  annalist.     Drayton  speaks  of  him  as 
■■too  much  hi.storian  in  verse. 

His  rimes  were  smooth,  his  metres  well  did  close; 

But  yet  his  manner  better  fitted  prose." 
*■  It  is  the  chief  praise  of  Daniel,  and  must  have  contributed  to 
what  popularity  he  enjoyed  in  his  own  age,  that  his  English  is 
eminently  pure,  free  from  affectation  and  archaism,  and  from  pe- 
dantic innovation,  with  very  little  that  is  now  obsolete.'' — Uulr 
lam's  Introduc.  to  the  Lit.  of  Europe. 

Read  a  review  of  Daniel's  poems  in  the  Retrospective 
Review,  viii.  227,  Lon.,  1823. 

Daniel,  Samuel.  Archiepiscopal  Priority  instituted 
by  Christ,  1642,  4to. 

Daniel, Samuel, M,D.  Dissertatiodelctero,  ]776,Svo. 

Daniel,  T.  British  Customs  of  the  Excise,  Lon., 
1752,  fol. 

Daniel,  Wm.  Journal  of  his  Expedition  from  Lon- 
don to  ,Surat  in  India,  Lon.,  1702,  Svo. 

Daniel,  VVm.     Treatise  on  Perspective,  1807,  12mo. 

'■  Well  calculated  to  answer  the  end  for  which  it  was  designed." 
—Urit.  Critic. 

Daniel,  Rev.  Wm.  B.  Rural  .'iports  or  Treatises 
on  Hunting,  Hawking,  Shooting,  Angling,  Fowling,  Ac, 
Lon.,  lS01,'02,2vols.4to.  Other  edits..  ISOl,  5  vols.  Svo; 
1805,  3  vols.  imp.  4to ;  1812,  3  vols.  r.  Svo,  and  large  paper 
in  4to;  Supplement,  1813,  r.  Svo,  4to,  and  imp.  4to.  En- 
gravings, principally  by  Scott.  The  value  of  this  splendid 
publication  is  well  known. 

Daniell,E.R.  1.  Practical  Observations  on  the  Kew 
Orders  for  the  reg.  of  the  Prac.  and  Proceed,  of  the  Ct.  of 
Chancery,  Lon.,  1841,  Svo.  2.  Considerations  on  Reform 
in  Chancery,  Lon.,  1842,  Svo.  3.  Reports  of  Cases  argued 
and  determined  on  the  Equity  side  of  the  Ct.  of  Exchequer, 
1817-20  inclusive,  Lon.,  1S24,  8vo.  4.  Practice  of  the 
High  Ct.  of  Chaucery;  2d  ed.  by  T.  E.  Headlam,  Lon., 
1845,  2  vols.  Svo;  1st  Amer.  edit,  by  J.  C.  Perkins,  Boston, 
1S45,  3  vols.  Svo  ;  and  2d  Amer.  edit.  Supplement  to  Da- 
niell's  Chancery  Practice,  by  T.  E.  Headlam. Lon. ,1851, Svo. 

*'  'The  universal  opinion  of  the  Profession  has  .st.amped  upon  Mr. 
Daniell's  bookahigh  character  for  usefulnessandgeneral  accuracy. 
It  has  become,  in  fiict,  the  manual  of  the  Chancery  Practitioner." 
— i>m.  Law  Mag. 

"  We  have  no  hesitation  in  declaring  that  this  is  the  most  able 
work  which  has  ever  been  written  on  the  Practice  of  the  Court  of 
Chancery," — Lnn.  Jurist. 

"  Undoubtedly  a  very  valuable  book." — Hon.  Roger  B.  Tanet, 
Chief  Justice  of  the  United  Slatts. 

"  I  regard  the  work  as  alike  desirable  to  the  student,  the  Prac- 
titioner, and  the  Judge,  and  should  consider  no  Equity  Library 
complete  without  it."— Hon,  Edward  Kino. /ate  Pres.  Jiirlge  I'liila. 
Ct.  of  Commcm  Pleas. 

"Daniell's  Chancery  Practice  is,  perhaps,  the  most  elaborate, 
complete,  and  satisfactory  treatise  on  the  subject  that  has  appeared." 
—Hon,  John  B,  Gibson,  late  Associate  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court 
of  Penna. 

Daniell,  John  Frederick,  D.C.L..  1790-1845,  b.  in 
London.  He  was  a  pupil  of  Prof.  Brande.  and  in  1S16,  in 
connexion  with  him,  he  commenced  the  Quarterly  Journal 
of  .Science  and  Art,  the  first  twenty  vols,  of  which  were  pub. 
under  their  joint  superintendence.  In  1823  appeared  the 
1st  ed.  of  his  great  work,  entitled  Meteorological  Essjiys; 
2d  ed.,  1S27;  3d  ed.,  1845,  2  vols.  Svo.  He  w.as  engaged 
in  revising  the  proofs  of  the  3d  ed.  at  the  time  of  his  death. 
"This  w.as  the  first  synthetic  attempt  to  explain  the  general 
principles  of  meteornlogy  by  the  known  laws  which  regulate  the 
temt>erature  and  costitution  of  gases  and  vapours,  and  in  \\liich 
the  scattered  iihscrvations  and  isolated  phenomena  presentctl  by 
the  earth's  atmosphere  were  considered  in  their  most  extensive 
and  general  bearings." — Knight's  Eng.  Cyc. 

Introduction  to  Chemical  Philosophy,  1S39,  Svo;  2d  ed., 
1S43,  Svo. 

Mr.  Daniell  takes  rank  as  one  of  the  most  distinguished 
scientific  men  of  the  nineteenth  century.  Ho  is  the  only 
individual  on  whom  all  the  three  medals  in  the  gift  of  the 
Royal  Society  were  bestowed.  For  a  very  carefully-pre- 
pared biographical  sketch  of  Mr.  D.,  and  a  list  of  his 
valuable  contributions  to  various  scientific  journals,  see 
Knight's  Eng.  Cyc,  Div.  Biog.,  vol.  ii. 


DAN 


DAR 


Daiiiell,  Saml.  African  Scenery  and  Animals,  Lnn., 
1808,  IVil.  1)<J.  Ac.  of  Ceylon,  1808,  fol.  Do.  Ac.  of  Southern 
Africa;  engraved  by  Wm.  Daniell,  1820,  r.  4to.  Views 
near  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope,  No.  I,  1801. 

Daniell,  Thomas,  1750-1840,  uncle  of  the  follow- 
ing, a  distini^uLshod  painter  of  Oriental  scenery,  animals, 
&c.    See  Bnhn's  Cat.,  Lon.,  1841,  and  the  following  article. 

Daniell,  William  Daniell,  R.  A.,  17B9-1837, 
painter  and  engraver.  At  the  ago  of  fourteen  he  accom- 
panied his  uncle,  Thomas  Daniell,  to  India.  They  spent 
ten  years  in  sketching  the  magnificent  scenery  from  Cape 
Comorin  to  the  Himalaya  Mountains.  Many  of  their 
drawings  were  afterwards  engraved  and  pub.,  the  original 
ed.  of  which — Oriental  Scenery  and  Antiquities,  elephant 
folio  size,  6  vols.  (150  views) — was  completed  in  1808,  and 
pub.  at  Two  Hundred  and  Ten  Pounds,  (£210.)  The  6th 
vol.  wa.s  executed  by  Thomas  Daniell.  The  coppers  were 
destroyed.  He  also  engraved  and  pul.i.  Picturesque  Voyage 
to  India;  Zoograpby,  in  conjunction  with  Mr.  W.  Wood; 
Animated  Nature,  2  vols. ;  The  Docks,  a  Series  of  Illustra- 
tions ;  The  Hunchback,  after  R.  .Smirke,  R.A.  From  1814 
to  '25  he  was  chiefly  engaged  in  a  work  of  extraordinary 
labour,  entitled  a  Voyage  Round  Great  Britain.  He  was 
the  chief  contributor  to  the  Oriental  Annual.  See  H.  G. 
Bohn's  Guinea  Cat,,  Lon.,  1841. 

Danis,  II.  II.  Exercises  on  the  Anabasis  of  Xcno- 
phon,  Lmu.,  12!ti'i. 

Dannett,  Kev.  H.     Sl.avc-Trade,  Lon.,  1788,  8vo. 

Danniston,  Gual.     Psalmi  Davidici,  8vo. 

Dannye,  Robert,  D.D.     Serm.,  York,  1718,  4to. 

Dansey,  Rev.  J,  C.  Hist,  of  the  English  Crusaders, 
Lon.,  1850,  imp.  4to.  Of  this  beautiful  work  only  40  copies 
were  printed  for  sale,  at  £3  13«.  &d.  It  is  executed  entirely 
on  stone,  in  the  black  letter,  with  31  plates,  &c. 

Dansey,  Rev.  Wm.  Arrian  on  Coursing:  The  Cyne- 
geticus  of  the  Younger  Xenophon,  Ac,  and  an  Appendix 
rel.  to  the  Canes  Venatici  of  Classical  Antiquity,  1S31, 
imp.  8vo. 

'•  A  most  complel*  and  almost  inexhaiiBtihle  fund  of  amusing, 
interesting-  pnictic.il.  and  instructive  information  on  the  subject." 
— Thicker  or  O'Ursivg. 

Horas  Decanicae  Rurales,  or  a  Hist,  of  Rural  Deans, 
1835,  2  vols.  sra.  4to ;  1844. 

"Abounding  in  solid  ecclesiastical  and  autiiiuarian  views." — 
Archdeacon  Ooddard. 

Dansie,John.  Mathemat.  Manual,  Lon.,  1(527, 12mo. 

Danson,  F.  i»I.,  and  Lloyd,  J.  H.  Reports  of  Cases 
rel.  to  Commerce,  Manufac,  Ac.  in  Cts.  C.  L..Lon.,1830,8vo. 

Danson,  J.  F.,  and  G.  D.  Dempsey.  The  Inven- 
tor's Manual;  a  Treatise  of  the  Law  of  Patents,  Lon., 
1843,  8vo.  V 

"This  is  a  uscfid  manual." — Lfgal  Observer. 

See  Curtis,  (Jeorge  Ticknor. 

Danson,  Thos.  Works  agst.  Quakers,  Ac,  Lon., 
165<)-!I4. 

Danverd,  John.  The  Royal  O.ake, ;  the  Travels, 
Escapes,  Ac.  of  Ch.arles  II.,  Lon.,  ItiljO,  4to. 

D'Anver.s,  Alicia.  Acarlemia;  or  the  Humours  of 
the  University  of  Oxford,  in  burlesque  verse,  Lon.,  lfi9I,4to. 

Danvers,  Arthur.     Serm.  on  Popery,  1736,  4to. 

D'Anvcrs,  Caleb,  of  6r.ay's  Inn.  The  Craftsman; 
being  a  Criticism  on  the  Hist.'of  the  Times,  Lon.,  1727, 
14  voks.  12mo.  See  Bolingeroke,  Lord.  Remarks  on 
the  History  of  England,  Lon.,  1743,  8vo. 

D'Aiivers,  Henry.  Works  on  Baptism,  Ac,  Lon., 
1674,  '75,  Svo. 

Danvers,  Henry.     Liberty  of  Conscience,  1649. 

Danvers,  Joseph.     Tipping  tipt  .Justice,  Lon.,  Svo. 

D'.\nvers,  Knightly.  A  Genl.  Abridgt.  of  the  Com- 
mon Law,  alphabetically  digested  under  proper  titles,  Lon., 
1705-13,  2  vols.  fol. ;  2d  edit.,  1725,  '32,  '37,  3  vols.  fol. 

This  is,  so  far  as  it  goes,  a  trans,  of  Rolle's  Abridgt.  It 
is  only  completed  to  the  title  Extinguishment.  See  Pref. 
to  vol.  xviii,,  Viner's  Abridgt. 

Danyel,  John.  Songs  for  the  Lute,  Viol,  and  Vovce, 
1601'..  ■'     ' 

Darbey.     Vapour  Bath.     Med.  Com.,  ix.  305,  1785. 

Darby,  John.  Manual  of  Botany,  Macon,  1841, 12rao. 
Botany  of  the  Southern  States;  in  two  parts,  New  Y'ork, 
1855,  12mo.  ' 

Darby,  Samuel.     Serms.,  1784,  '86. 

Darby,  Wm.,  d.  1827.  Descrip.  of  Louisiana,  1816, 
Svo.  Emigrant's  Guide,  1818,  Svo.  Tour  from  New  Y'ork 
to  Detroit,  1819.  Memoir  on  the  Geog.  and  Hist,  of  Flo- 
rida. 1821.  New  edit,  of  Brookcs's  Universal  Gazetteer, 
1823.     Maps  and  Plans. 

D'.4rblay,  Madame  Frances,  1752-1840,  was  the 
second  daughter  of  Charles  Bur.vev,  {q.  v.)  Musical  Doc- 


tor, and  was  a  native  of  Lynn  Regis,  Norfolk,  Engl.and. 
Much  of  what  might  otherwise  have  boon  said  here  relative 
to  the  brilliant  and  intellectual  circle  in  which  Fanny  Bur- 
ney  moved  from  her  childhood  has  been  auticijiated  in  our 
article  upon  Dr.  Barney.  We  may  add  that  the  circum- 
stances attendant  upon  the  composition  and  anonymous 
publication  of  Evelina  are  too  well  known  to  claim  repeti- 
tion. The  oft-told  story  was  never  so  well  told  as  by  the 
authoress  herself,  in  her  avowal  to  George  III.  Some  doubt 
has  been  expressed  relative  to  the  early  date  at  which  it  is 
asserted  Evelina  was  composed.  It  certainly  was  not  given 
to  the  world  until  1778,  when  Fanny  was  about  twenty-six. 
Had  the  work,  or  the  greater  portion  of  it,  been  lying  in 
MS.  for  nine  years?  Evelina  was  sold  for  £20;  but  this 
was  a  small  part  only  of  the  young  lady's  reward. 

'■  Evelina  seems  a  work  that  should  result  from  long  experience, 
and  deep  and  intimate  knowledge  of  the  world:  yet  it  has  been 
written  without  either.  Miss  Burney  is  a  real  wonder.  What  Nhe 
is,  .she  is  intuitively.  Dr.  Burney  told  me  she  had  the  fewest  ad- 
vantages of  any  of  his  daughters,  from  some  peculiar  circumstances. 
And  such  has  been  her  timidity,  that  he  himstlf  had  not  any  sus- 
picion of  her  powers.  .  .  .  Modesty  with  her  is  neither  pretence 
nor  decorum;  it  is  an  ingredient  of  her  nature;  for  she  who  could 
part  with  such  a  work  for  twenty  pounds,  could  know  so  little  of 
its  worth  or  of  her  own,  as  to  leave  no  possible  doubt  of  her  hu- 
mility."— I>n.  Johnson. 

The  testimony  of  a  still  more  distinguished  person  shall 
be  adduced  in  favour  of  the  merits  of  Cecilia,  pub.  four 
years  later: 

'•  There  are  few— I  believe  I  may  say  fairly  there  are  none  at  all 
— thatwillnot  lind  themselves  better  informed  concerninc  human 
nature,  and  thr  ir  stock  of  observation  enriched,  by  reading  your 
Cecilia.  .  .  .  1  miLdit  trespass  upon  your  delicacy  if  I  should  tilj  my 
letter  to  you  with  what  1  till  my  conversation  to  others;  I  should 
be  troul-ilesonie  to  you  alone  if  I  should  tell  you  all  I  feel  and  think 
on  the  natural  vein  of  humour,  the  tender  pathetic,  the  compre- 
hensive and  noble  moral,  and  the  sagacious  observation,  that  ap- 
pear quite  throughout  this  extraordinary  performance.  ...  In  an 
age  distinguished  by  producing  extraordinary  women.  I  hardly 
dare  to  tell  where  mv  opinion  would  place  ^  ou  amongst  them." — 
EOMUNB  Bueke:  Leiler  to  Miss  Burney.  Wli'iteliall,  July  29,  17S2. 

In  1786  occurred  the  most  unfortunate  event  of  Miss 
Burncy's  Life — her  appointment  to  the  post  of  Second 
Keeper  of  the  Robes  to  Queen  Charlotte.  From  this  in- 
tolerable slavery — for  slavery  it  was,  notwithstanding  the 
kind  treatment  of  her  royal  patrons — she  was  relieved  in 
1791,  and  in  1793  she  married  a  French  refugee  officer,  the 
Count  D'Arblay.  In  1802  she  accompanied  her  husband  to 
Paris,  and  was  obliged  to  remain  in  France — the  Count  hav- 
ing entered  the  army  of  Napoleon — until  1812.  He  died 
in  that  year,  and  their  son.  tho  Rev.  A.  D'Arblay  of  Cam- 
den Town  chapel,  near  Lond(jn,  followed  his  father  to  the 
grave  in  1832.  Mad.ame  D'Arblay  attained  the  great  ago 
of  eighty-eight,  dying  at  Bath  in  1840.  Her  other  produc- 
tions, which  by  no  means  fultilled  "the  promise  of  her 
spring,"  were  Edwin  and  Elgitha,  a  Tragedy,  1795;  Ca- 
milla, which  was  pub.  by  subscription  in  1796,  and  paid 
her  three  thousand  guineas;  and  The  Wanderer,  a  Tale  in 
5  vols.,  1814,  for  which  she  receivetl  £1500.  She  also  pub. 
Brief  Reflecticms  rekative  to  the  French  Emigrant  Clergy, 
1793,  8vo;  and  a  Memoir  of  her  father.  Dr.  Burney,  in 
1832,  3  vols.  Svo. 

The  Dhary  and  Letters  of  Madame  D'Arblay  were  given 
to  the  world  in  7  vols.  p.  Svo,  1842-46.  The  unreserved 
and  comprehensive  char.acter  of  the  lady's  journal  may  be 
inferred  from  her  prologue  : 

"To  have  some  account  of  my  thoughts,  actions,  and  acquaint- 
ance, when  the  hour  arrives  when  time  is  more  nimlile  than  me- 
mory, is  the  reason  which  induces  me  to  keep  a  journal ; — n  jnurnal 
in  wfiicfi  I  Shalt  coufess  every  thought—shall  t'pen  my  wlwle  tieart:' 

Notwithstanding  their  egotism  and  prolixity,  cert.ainly 
these  volumes  are  among  the  most  delightful  in  the  lan- 
guage!  To  the  mere  novel-reader  they  are  charming;  to 
the  student  of  literary  history  and  English  manners,  in- 
valuable. We  must  refer  the  reader  to  a  review  of  this 
work  by  T.  B.  Macaulay,  (Edin.  Rev.,  Jan.  1843.)  and  to 
notices  of  Madame  D'Arblay's  writings  in  the  London 
Quarterly  Review,  xi.  123,  Ixx.  134,  and  in  Blackwood's 
Magazine,  1.  784  : 

"  Miss  Burnev  did  for  the  English  novel  what  Jeremv  Collier  did 
for  the  Knirli^h  ilram.a.  She  first  showed  that  a  taie  misht  be 
written  in  "  Iji.  Ii  l.nth  the  feshionable  and  the  vulsar  life  of  London 
mijihtbeexhiliited  with  great  force,  and  with  broad  comic  humour, 
and  which  yet  should  not  contain  a  Rin(.de  line  inconsistent  with 
rigid  morality,  or  even  with  virgin  delicacy.  She  took  aw.ay  the 
reproach  which  Lay  on  a  most  useful  and  delightful  species  of  com- 
position. She  vindicated  the  right  of  her  sex  to  an  equal  share  in 
a  fair  and  noble  promise  of  letters.  .  .  .  Burke  had  sat  up  all  night 
to  read  her  writings,  and  Johnson  had  pronounced  her  superior  to 
Fielding,  when  Rogers  was  still  a  schoolboy  and  8outbev  still  in 
petticoats.  .  .  .  We  soon  discovered  to  our'great  delight  that  this 
Diary  was  kept  before  Madame  D'Arblav  became  eloquent.  It  is, 
for  the  most  part,  written  in  herearliest  and  best  manner;  in  true 
woman's  Knglish.  clear,  natural,  and  lively."— T.  B.  Macadlai 
Edin.  Review,  Jan.  1S43. 


DAR 


DAR 


"The  Piary  is  a  work  unequalled  in  literary  and  social  value 
Ly  any  tbinj^  else  of  a  similar  kind  in  the  language." — Loii.  ^aval 
and  Jiltlitury  Uozdlc. 

"This  wt^ik  presents  an  unrivalled  combination  of  attractions. 
That  e.xtraordinary  man,  .Tohuson,  is  painted  far  better  than  he  is 
by  Boswell." — Court  Joia-nul. 

The  reviewer  in  the  London  Quarterly  quite  forgets  his 
gallantry  in  his  disgust  at  Miss  Fanny's  egotism: 

'■  ThL-  interest  is  indeed  much  less  than  we  anticipated,  hut  in 
all  the  rest — the  difrusivene«;s — th'>  pomposity — the  prolixity — the 
false  colourin;; — the  factitious  ilif;ii Is— and.  above  .all.  the  personal 
ad'eclation  and  vanity  f>f  the  auilinr,  this  book  exceeds  our  worst 
apprehensions.  .  .  .  We  havt- indeed  brought  before  us  not  merely 
the  minor  notabilities  of  the  day,  but  a  jjreat  many  persons  whose 
station  and  talents  assure  them  an  historic  celebrity.  .  .  .  but 
■when  we  come  a  little  closer,  and  see  and  hear  what  all  these  emi- 
nent and  illustiious  personages  are  saying  and  doing,  we  are  not  a 
little  surprised  and  vexed  to  find  them  a  wearisome  congregation 
of  monotnnous  and  featureless  pi-osers.  brought  together  for  one 
single  object,  in  which  they,  one  and  all,  seem  occupied,  as  if  it 
were  the  main  business  of  human  life — namely,  the  glorification 
of  Miss  Fonny  Bttrnf-y — her  talents — her  taste — her  sagacity — her 
wit — her  manners — her  temper — her  delicacy — even,  her  beauty — 
and.  above  all,  her  modfsty  7" — Vol.  Ixx.  ■.i44. 

Allan  Cunningham's  summary  of  the  merits  and  de- 
merits of  the  author  of  Evelina  is  drawn  up  with  his  usual 
taste  and  judgment.  AVe  must  content  ourselves  with  a 
brief  extract: 

"  Her  works  are  deficient  in  original  vigour  of  conception,  and 
her  characters  in  depth  and  nature.  She  has  considered  so  anx- 
iously the  figured  silks  and  tamboured  muslins  which  Hutt^^r  about 
society,  th.xt  she  has  made  the  throbbings  of  the  hearts  which  they 
cover  a  secondary  consideration.  .  .  .  Fashion  passes  away,  and 
the  manners  of  the  great  are  unstable,  but  natural  emotion  be- 
longs to  immortality." — Biog.  and  Crit.  Ilist.  of  the  Lit.  of  the  last 
Fifty  Yf-ars. 

Darch,  John,     Sermon,  17fifi,  4to. 

Darcie,  or  Darcy,  Abraham.  Original  of  Idola- 
tries ;  a  trans.,  162-1,  4to.  I>:ircy  "  fathered  this  book  upon 
Isaac  Casauhon,  and  was  imprisoned  in  consequence."  See 
Fuller's  Church  History.  Annales:  The  True  and  Royall 
Hist,  of  Elizabeth,  Queene  of  England,  France,  and  Ireland, 
1625,  4to. 

"  A  tiunslation  of  Camden,  from  the  French,  by  Abraham  Darcy, 
■who,  according  to  Dr.  Fuller,  understood  not  tlie  Latin,  and  haa 
therefore  committed  mauy  mistakes." — Bp.  Xicolson. 

Other  works. 

D'Arcy,Patrick, Count,  1725-1779,  a  native  of  Gal- 
loway, Ireland,  served  in  tlie  French  army.  1.  Essai  sur 
I'Artillerie,  1760-62.  2.  Memoire  sur  la  Duree  des  Sensa- 
tions dc  la  Vue,  1765.     3.  Sur  la  Tht'oriede  la  Lune,  1749. 

4,  SurlaTheorieet  Pratiquedel'ArtiUerie,  1766.  5.  Nou- 
velle  Th^orie  d'Artillerie,  1766.  6.  Recueil  de  Pieces  sur 
un  Nouveau  Fusil,  1767.  He  made  experiments  in  elec- 
tricity and  mechanics. 

'•Condorcet  fit  sou  eloge  k  I'acadSmie  des  sciences.  Plusieurs 
de  ses  Merits  sont  inseres  dans  les  Memoires  do  I'academie  des  in- 
Bcriptions." — Bin/jraphir  ITnn'nsiUe. 

I)ai*c,  Wm.     Serm.  befnre  the  Freemasons,  1747,  Svo. 

Darell,  I^t.  Col.  Sketches  of  China,  India,  and  the 
Cape,  1853,  fol. 

Darell,  or  Darrell,  John.  Treatises  on  possession 
by  devils,  1600,  "02.  *41.     A  Detection  of  that  Discours  of 

5.  Harsnet,  entitled  a  Discoverie  of  the  fraudulent  prac- 
tices of  John  Darrell,  1609.  4to. 

"  In  this  treatise  '  full  of  sound  and  fury,'  Darrell  has  contrived 
to  render  it  somewhat  doubtful  whether  he  was  a  dupe  or  an  im- 
postor."— Oiffohd;  aud  see  Itliss's  Wood's  Athen.  Oxon. 

Darell,  John,  was  employed  from  1615  to  1665  in  the 
affairs  of  the  East  Indies.  East  India  Trade  first  disco- 
vered by  the  English,  Lon.,  1651,  4to.  Strange  News  from 
Indies,  1652.  4to.     Tlie  Second  partof  Amboyna,  1665,  4to. 

Darell, Re  v.Wm.  Hist,  of  Dover  Castle,Lon.,17S6,4to. 

Darker,  John.  A  Breviary  of  Military  Discipline, 
Lon.,  1692,  8vo. 

Darley,  George,  combines  two  characters  which  are 
not  thought  to  be  peculiarly  compatible — mathematician 
and  poet.  Poems.  Sylvia,  or  the  May  Queen,  Lou.,  1827, 
12mo.  F.amiliar  Astronomy,  1S30,  12mo.  Popular  Alge- 
bra, 3d  edit.,  1836, 12mo.  Geometrical  Companion,  2d  edit., 
1841,  12mo.  Ethelstan,  a  Dramatic  Chronicle.  1841,  Svo. 
Geometry,  5th  edit.,  1844,  12mo.  Errors  of  Extasie  and 
other  Poems,  Svo.     Trigonometry,  3d  edit.,  1S49,  12mo. 

*'No  prose  or  poetry  can  he  further  fiom  the  sonorous  school  of 
Addison,  and  nowhere  can  we  tind  rhythmical  cadences  of  greater 
beauty  than  in  some  occasional  passages  of  Darley. '* — A  critic  in 
Arcturits:  see  Griswold's  Poets  and  Poetry  of  Kngland. 

*' George  Darley  is  a  true  poet  and  exci^Ufnt  mathematician: 
there  is  much  compactaud  graceful  poetry  in  hi-;  May  IJueen ;  and 
in  The  Olympian  Revels  a  dramatic  freedoi]i  and  firvour  too  sel- 
dom seen  in  song." — Cunningham's  Biog.  and  Crit.  Hist,  of  Lit.  for 
the  lust  Fifty  Vmrs,  1S33. 

Darley,  J.  R.     Treatise  on  the  Dramatic  Literature 
of  the  Greeks,  Lon.,  IS40,  Svo.     Homer,  with  Questions, 
1848,  12mo. 
476 


Darley,  John.     Chelsea  College,  Lon.,  1662,  4to. 
Darley,  W,  F.     Public  G.  Statutes  rel.  to  Ireland, 
Dubl.,   1S41.  5  vols.  Svo.      General  Orders  Ct.  Court  of 
Chancery  in  Ireland,  &c.,  1843,  12mo. 

Darling,  J.  J.  Powers  and  Duties  of  Law  Officers, 
Lon.,  Svo.  Practice  of  the  Court  of  Session,  Scotland,  2 
vols.  Svo. 

Darling,  James.  Cyclopicdia  Bibliographica:  A 
Library  Manual  of  Theolog.  and  General  Literature,  and 
Guide  for  Authors,  Preachers,  Students,  and  Literary  Men. 
Analytical,  Bibliographical,  and  Biogriiphical.  Vol.  i., 
composed  of  21  Nos.,  1852-54.  Vol.  ii..  Parts  1  to  5, 
1857.  We  heartily  recommend  this  truly-valual»Ie  work — 
to  which  our  pages  have  been  frequently  indebted — to 
every  one  who  poss^esses  knowledge,  and  every  one  who 
seeks  it.  Vol.  i.  contains  Authors  aud  their  works,  alpha- 
betically arranged.  In  many  eases  tbe  volumes  are  care- 
fully dissected,  so  that  the  reader  can  see  at  a  glance  the 
topics  discussed,  and  turn  at  once  to  the  portion  which 
contains  the  matter  sought  for.  In  the  second  volume  the 
"  whole  of  the  matter  contained  in  the  first  is  arranged 
under  heads  or  common  places  in  scientific  order,  with  an 
Alphabetical  Index,  by  which  any  subject  can  bo  readily 
referred  to ;  and  all  authors  of  any  authority  who  have 
written  on  it  are  at  once  exhibited,  with  the  titles  of  their 
Works,  Treatises,  Dissertations,  or  Sermons,  and  a  refer- 
ence to  the  volumes  and  pages  where  they  are  to  be  found." 
"  Mr.  Darling  ha.=i  been  an  eminent  theological  bookseller  in  Lon- 
don for  at  least  forty  years,  llehiis  brought  all  his  bibliographical 
knowledge  to  bear  upon  this  most  valuable  and  accurate  work. 
All  the  leading  English  journals,  both  ecclesiastical  and  secular, 
episcopal  and  non-episcopal,  unite  in  commending  its  plan  and  exe- 
cution.''—T.  II.  IIoRN-E,  D.D.,  Assist.  Lib.  Brit.  Mus.,  in  a  Utter  to 
the  authiyr  of  this  Dictionary,  Aug.  31.  1858. 

Darling,  John.  Carpenter's  Rule,  Lon.,  1658,  Svo. 
Darling,  P.  I>I.  Romance  of  the  Highlands,  1810. 
Darling:ton,  William,  M.D.,LL.D.,  b.  17S2,  in  Bir- 
mingham township,  Chester  co.,  Penn.,  was  brought  up  to 
Agriculture  till  18  years  of  age.  In  ISOO  he  commenced 
the  study  of  Medicine  under  Dr.  John  Vaughau  of  Wil- 
mington, Del.,  and  in  1804  he  graduated  M.  D.  in  the  Uni- 
versity of  Penn.  In  1806,  '07  he  m.ade  a  voyage  to  India 
as  ship's  surgeon.  During  the  last  40  years  he  has  filled 
several  important  positions  of  trust  under  the  General  Go- 
vernment, as  well  as  that  of  his  native  State.  The  degree 
of  LL.D.  was  conferred  by  Yale  College.  Dr.  Darlington 
has  spent  a  long  life  in  the  pursuit  of  Botany,  his  favourite 
science,  in  which  he  has  obtained  an  enviable  reputation. 
The  following  are  his  principal  works:  1.  Mutual  Influence 
of  Habits  and  Disease,  Svo,  1S04-06.  2.  Flora  Cestrica, 
1st  ed.,  1826;  2d,  1837;  3d,  1853.  This  work  has  been 
favourably  noticed  by  the  greatest  botanists  of  Europe. 
3.  Edited  Reliquiie  CaldwiniiB,  1843,  Svo.  4.  Agricultural 
Botanv,  1847.  5.  Edited  Memorials  of  John  Bartram  and 
Humphrey  Marshall,  Phil.,  1849,  r.  8vo.  These  works  have 
all  been  favourably  reviewed  in  Silliman's  Journal,  q  v. 
Darnell,  VV.  N.  Sermons,  Lon.,  1816,  Svo. 
Darraeott,  R.  W.  Sermons,  1756,  12mo. 
Dart*  Complaintof  the  Black  Knight;  from  Chaucer, 
1718,  Svo. 

Dart,  J.  H.  Suggestions  for  a  General  Registry,  Lon., 
1844,  Svo.  Compendium  of  the  Law  and  Practice  of  Ven- 
dors and  Purchasers  of  Real  Estate.  2d  edit,  Lon.,  1852, 
Svo.  Amer.  edit.,  with  copious  Notes  and  References. 
Also  a  Preparatory  View  of  the  Existing  Law  of  Real  Pro- 
perty in  England  and  the  United  States,  by  Thos.  W.  Wa- 
terman, New  York,  1851,  Svo. 

''T  have  examined  with  attention  Dart's  Vendorsand  Purchasers 
of  Real  Estate,  edited  by  Mr.  Waterman.  It  is  a  most  excellent 
practical  work." — Hon.  Lewis  II.  Sandpobd,  Judge  of  the  Superior 
Omrt.  New  York. 

Dart,  John.  Hist,  and  Antiq.  of  the  Cathedral  Church 
of  Canterbury,  Lon.,  1726,  fol.  Hist,  and  Antiq.  of  the 
Abbey  Church  of  St.  Peter's,  Westm.,  1723.  2  vols.  fol. 
Darton,Nioh.  Christ  the  True  Bishop,  Lon.. 1641, 4lo. 
D'Arusniout,  Madame  Frances,  bettor  knoAvu  as 
Miss  Fanny  Wright,  d.  at  Cincinnati,  1852.  aged  57, 
made  herself  famous  in  America  about  1830  by  the  pro- 
mulgation of  some  foolish  doctrines,  which  we  understand 
she  subsequently  repudiated.  1.  Altorf ;  a  Tragedy,  Phila., 
1S19,  Svo.  2.  Views  of  Society  and  Manners  in  America, 
&c  in  1818-20,  N.  York.  1821,  Svo;  Lon.,  1821,  Svo.  3. 
A  Few  Davs  in  Athens,  Lon.,  1822,  Svo. 

Darwall,  Mrs.  E.     Poems,  1794;  ditto,  1811. 
Darwall,  John.     Political  Lamentations,  1777,410. 
Darwin,  Charles,  1758-I77S,  a  son  of  Erasmus  Dar- 
win, M.D.     Experiments  establishing  a  Criterion  between 
Mucilaginous  and  Purulent  M.atter,  Ac,  Lichfield,  17S0, 
Svo.     Pub.  by  his  father. 


DAR 


DAV 


Darwin,  Charles.  Narrative  of  the  10  years' Voyaj^e 
of  II.  M.  Sbips  Adventure  ami  Beagle.  Lon..  1839,  3  vols. 
Svo.  Vol.  i.  by  Capt.  King;  ii.  by  Capt.  Fitzroy;  iii.  by 
Chas.  Darwin,  giving  an  account  of  his  discoveries  in  Nat. 
Hist,  (Journal  of  Researches  j  Nat.  Hist,  and  Geology, 
1839,  Svo.) 

*'  Mr.  Darwin's  Journal  contains  many  valuable  contributions  to 
science.  I  cannot  help  considerini;  his  voya-je  rounil  the  world  as 
one  of  the  most  important  events  for  Genlo^rv  which  has  occurred 
for  many  vi  iis." — Sfr.  Whev-elVs  Addrrss  to  the  Gmlfig.  Sue. 

Z>n,\n'^y  (.(' the  Voy.  of  H.  M.  S.  Beagle.  1 832-36.  Edited 
and  snpt.iinteiided  by  Charles  Darwin,  1843,  4to.  For  di- 
visions see  Ilich's  Bibl.  Amer.  Nova,  or  the  London  Pub- 
lisher's Cat.  Geological  Observations,  1S42,  '44,  M*i,  8  vols. 
Svo.  Voyage  of  a  Naturalist  round  the  World,  2d  edit., 
1845,  p.  Svo. 

"The  author  is  a  first-rate  landscape  painter,  and  the  dreariest 
Bolitudea  are  made  to  teem  witli  interest." — Lon.  Quar.  Unh 

Monograph  of  the  Family  Cirripudia,  2  vols.  Svo,  pub. 
by  the  Royal  Society,  and  distributed  to  the  subscribers  in 
the  years  1851  and  '53. 

"  It  has  been  cltaracterised  by  a  competent  writer  as  one  of  the 
most  remarkable  works  on  zoology  produced  during  tlie  present 
century."  See  Knight's  Eng.  Cyc,  and  Agassiz's  Bibliographia 
Geologise  et  Zoologiie. 

DarAvin,  Erasmus,  M.D.,  1731-1802,  was  a  native 
of  Elton,  near  Newark,  Nottinghamshire.  He  studied  both 
at  St.  John's  College,  Cambridge,  and  at  Edinburgh,  and 
having  chosen  the  profession  of  medicine,  practised  first 
at  Northampton,  and  subsequently  at  Lichfield,  where  he 
acquired  a  profitable  practice.  Being  left  a  widower,  he 
was  married  in  17S1  to  Mrs.  Colonel  Pole,  by  whose  in- 
fluence he  was  induced  to  retire  to  Derl>y,  where  be  died 
suddenly  in  1S(!2.  Dr.  Darwin  enjoyed  considerable  repu- 
tation as  a  botanist,  philosopher,  and  poet.  Botanic  Gar- 
den :  a  Poem  in  two  parts.  Part  1  containing  the  Economy 
of  Vegetation.  Part  2,  The  Loves  of  the  Plants,  with 
Philosophical  Notes,  Lon.,  1791,  2  vols.  4to.  Part  2  had 
been  previously  pub.  anonymously  at  Lichfield,  1789,  4to. 

"  Pompous  rhyme — the  scenery  is  its  sole  recommendation." — 
Lord  Byron. 

But  there  must  have  been  some  merit  in  poetry  which, 
without  the  advantage  of  literary  reputation,  secured  the 
author  so  large  a  host  of  enthusiastic  admirers.  Darwin's 
powers  of  description  and  of  dramatic  etfect  were  umloubt- 
edly  great.  The  absence  of  judgment  and  taste  is  equally 
clear;  hence  the  decline  of  his  early  fame.  Zoonomia,  or  the 
Laws  of  Organic  Life,  Lon.,  1794-96,  2  vols.  4to;  3d  ed., 
1301,  4  vols.  Svo.  This  work  will  remind  the  reader  of  the 
speculations  contained  in  a  volume  which  has  lately  excited 
much  attention — Vestiges  of  the  Natural  History  of  Crea- 
tion. Darwin's  fallacies — especially  his  theory  which  re- 
fers instinct  to  sensation — have  been  amply  exposed  by 
Dr.  Thomas  Brown,  Dugald  Stewart.  Paley,  Good,  and 
others.  See  Dr.  Brown's  Observations  on  the  Zoonomia, 
Edin..  1798.  Svo.  Plan  for  the  Conduct  of  Female  Educa- 
tion in  Boarding  Schools,  Derby,  1797,  4to.  Phylologia, 
or  the  Philosophy  of  Agriculture  and  Gardening,  Lon., 
1800,  '01,  4to. 

''  The  section  on  manures,  or  the  food  of  plants,  is  the  sole  part 
that  interests  the  agriculturist,  and  it  is  much  too  refined  for  the 
grossness  of  the  farmer's  application  of  the  articles.  No  new  fact 
was  elicited  and  established,  but  much  light  was  cast  on  the  pro- 
cesses that  had  been  adopted.'' — Donahlson's  AgricuU.  Biog. 

The  Temple  of  Nature,  or  the  Origin  of  Society ;  a  Poem, 
with  Philosophical  Notes,  Lon.,  1803,  4to.  Posthumous. 
Profess,  con.  to  Med.  Trans.,  1785.  Phil.  Trans.,  1757, 
*60.  '74,  '78,  '85.  Poetical  Works,  with  Philosophical  Notes, 
1807,  3  vols.  8vo.  See  Memoirs  of  his  Life,  by  Anna 
Seward.  Lon.,  1804,  Svo;  reviewed  in  Edin.  Rev.,  iv.  230. 

The  reader  must  peruse  this  article,  and  see  if  he  can  trace 
any  resemblance  between  Dr.  Darwin's  school  and  the  poem 
of  Universal  Beauty,  pub.  Lon.,  1735,  fol.  See  a  review  of 
The  Temple  of  Nature,  Ac.  in  the  same  periodical,  ii.  491. 

"Only  a  few  years  have  elapsed  since  the  genius  of  the  author 
of  The  Botanic  Garden  first  burst  on  the  public  notice  in  all  its 
splendour.  The  novelty  of  his  plan — an  imposing  air  of  boldness 
and  originality  in  his  poetical  as  well  as  philosophical  speculations 
— and  a  striking  display  of  command  over  some  of  the  richest 
sources  of  poetical  embellishment,  were  sufficient  to  secure  to  him 
ft  large  share  of  approbation,  even  from  the  most  fastidious  readers, 
and  much  more  than  suflicient  to  attract  the  gaze  and  the  indis- 
crirainating  acclamations  of  a  herd  of  admirers  and  imitators. 
Yet,  with  all  these  pretensions  to  permanent  fame,  we  are  much 
deceived  if  we  have  not  already  observed  in  that  of  Dr.  Darwin 
the  visilile  symptoms  of  decay." — 180.3,  (by  T.  Thomson.) 

Dai-\vin,  Robert  Waring,  M.D.,  brother  to  the  pre- 
ceding. Prineipia  Botanica,  or  a  Concise  and  Easy  In- 
troduction to  the  Sexual  System  of  Linnseus,  3d  ed.,  cor- 
rected and  enlarged.  Lon.,  1810,  Svo.  Profes?.  con.  to 
Mem.  Med.,  1792;  Phil.  Trans.,  1786;  on  the  Ocular  Spec- 
tra of  Light  and  Colours. 


Oary,  Michael.     Mathcmat.  treatises,  1^04,  '09,  '77. 

Dashwood,  James.  The  Case  ofthc  Rector  of  D.,1S12. 

Paiibeny,  Charles,  D.D..  1744-1827.  was  educated 
at  New  College,  Oxford  ;  Prebendary  of  Sati.^bury,  1784; 
Archdeacon  of  Sarum,  1S04.  A  Guide  to  the  Church;  3d 
ed.,  Lon.,  1830,  r.  Svo.  Appendix  to  do.;  3d  ed..  1830,  r. 
Svo.  Vindiciiie  Ecclesiw  Anj^jlicanaj,  1S03,  Svo.  Remarks 
on  the  Unitarian  Method  of  Interpreting  the  Scriptures, 
1S15,  Svo.  Discourses,  1802-10.  3  vols.  Svo.  Charges, 
Serms.,  Ac,  1809,  *19,  Ac.  Dr.  Daubeny  is  said  to  have 
been  one  of  the  contributors  to  the  Anti-Jacobin  Review. 

Daubeny,  Charles  Giles  Bridle,  M.D.,  F.ll.S., 
Prof,  of  Bot:niy  anil  Chemistry  in  the  University  of  Ox- 
ford. 1.  Essay  on  the  Geology  and  Chemical  Phenomena 
of  Volcanoes.  Oxford,  1S24,  Svo.  2.  Description  of  the 
Active  and  Extinct  Volcanoes,  with  Remarks  on  their 
Origin.  Lon.,  1826,  Svo  ;  2d  ed.,  IS-IS,  Svo. 

"  One  of  the  most  nseful  contributions  to  geological  science  that 
has  yet  appeared." — Edinhttrgh  Revifw. 

3.  Introduc.  to  the  AtomicTheory,  1S31,  Svo  ;  with  Siipp., 
1840,  Svo  ;  new  ed..  1850.  Svo.  4.  Lects.  on  Agricult.,  1841, 
Svo.  5.  Popular  Grcog.  of  Plants.  Sfiuare,  lSo5.  6.  Lccts.  on 
Roman  Husbandry,  Oxf.,  1857,  Svo.  For  a  biog.  sketch 
of  Dr.  Daubeny  and  a  list  of  his  valuable  contributions  to 
the  various  scientific  journals,  see  Knight's  Eng.  Cyc. 

Daiibi§:ny.  Dissert,  in  Orat.  Dominic,  Lon.,  1704,  Svo. 

Dauborne,  Robert.     See  Daborne. 

Daubuz,  Charles,  1670  ?-l  740?  a  French  Protestant 
divine,  came  to  Enghind  on  the  revocation  of  the  Edict  of 
Nantz,  and  became  Vicar  of  Brotherton.  Pro  Testimonio 
Flavii  Josephi,  do  Jesu  Christo,  Lon.,  1706,  Svo.  The  Re- 
velations literally  trans,  from  the  Greek,  Lon.,  1712,  '20, 
fol.  Pub.  in  1730,  4to,  by  Peter  Lancaster,  under  the  title 
of  A  Perpetual  Key  on  the  Revelation  of  St.  John.  This 
is  the  best  edition.  A  portion  of  the  work — A  Dictionary 
of  Prophetic  Symbols — was  reprinted  in  1842,  Lon.,  Svo, 
with  a  Memoir  and  Preface  by  Habershon. 

"For  understandini?  the  prophecies,  we  are,  in  the  first  place,  to 
acquaint  ourselves  with  the  figurative  language  of  the  prophets." 
— Sir  Isaac  Newton. 

"There  is  no  commentator  who  can  be  compared  with  Daubuz 
for  the  accuracy,  the  care,  and  the  consistency  v^'itli  which  he  has 
explained  the  piophetic  symbols." — Illustrations  of  Prophec;/. 

"An  elaborate  and  very  useful  work,  of  which  later  author? 
have  not  failed  to  avail  themselves." — Hornets  Bihl   Bih. 

Dauby  and  Leng.     Arithmetician,  1814,  12mo. 

Daucet,  N.  B.  Fundamental  Principles  of  the  Laws 
of  Canada,  Montreal.  1841,  Svo. 

Daulby,  Daniel.  A  Descriptive  Catalogue  of  the 
Works  of  Rembrandt  and  of  his  Scholars.  Bol,  Livens,  and 
Van  Vliet,  Liverp.,  1796,  Svo.  A  work  of  authority.  The 
preface  was  written  by  Mr.  Roseoe. 

Daunce,  Edward.  A  Briefe  Discourse  of  the  Spanish 
State,  with  a  Dialogue  annexed,  intituled  Philobasilis,  Lon,, 
1590,  4to. 

Daiincey,  John.  Chronicle  of  Portugal,  Lon., 
1661.  Svo. 

D'Auverg^ne,  Edward.     See  Auvergne,  D'. 

Dauney,  Wm.  Ancient  Scottish  Melodies  from  a  MS. 
of  the  reign  of  K.  James  VI.,  Lon.,  1838,  r.  4to. 

"  We  can  now  refer  to  an  authentic  National  Collection  of  a  com- 
parative early  date,  in  which  a  number  of  our  Scottish  Melodies 
are  to  be  found,  and  among  these  some  of  those  which  have  been 
most  deservedly  admired,  and  are  here  presented,  as  we  conceive, 
in  even  a  more  enga^^ng  form  than  that  under  which  they  are 
popularly  known." — Blackiuood's  Magazine. 

Davall,  Peter,  d.  1768.  Trans,  of  the  Memoirs  of 
Cardinal  de  Retz,  Lon.,  1774,  4  vols.  12mo.  Vindication 
of  the  New  Calendar  Tables  and  Rules,  1761,  4to.  Con, 
to  Phil.  Trans..  1728.  '49,  *62. 

Davan,Kin^Nmill.  Essay  on  the  Passions. Lon., 1799. 

Davelcourt,  D.,  a  native  of  Scotland.  L'Artillier, 
Paris,  1606,  Svo. 

Daveiiant,  Charles,  LL.D.,  1656-1714.  eldest  son 
of  Sir  William  Davenant,  was  a  Member  of  Parliament, 
Inspector  of  Plays,  a  dramatic  author,  and  a  famous  writer 
upon  political  economy,  politics,  and  trade.  His  Tragedy 
of  Circe,  in  which  he  himself  performed,  was  written  at  the 
age  of  19:  pub.  1677,  4to;  also  in  1685  and  170:i.  A  col- 
lection of  his  works  upon  the  subjects  named  above  was 
made  and  revised  by  Sir  Charles  Whitworth,  Lon.,  1771, 
5  vols.  Svo.  They  excited  much  animosity  at  the  time, 
but  soon  gained  the  ear  of  the  public.  See  Censura  Lite- 
raria.  When  Lord  Oxford  suspected  Swift  of  having  writ^ 
ten  any  anonymous  piece,  he  used  to  remark  to  him: 

'•  This  is  very  much  in  the  style  of  Dr.  Pavenanf ." 

Respecting  the  merits  of  Davenant's  writings,  a  wide 
difference  of  opinion  has  been  expressed: 

"Davenant  is  certainly  a  most  valuable  political  author,  and 
undoubtedly  a  writer  whose  progress  was  more  advanced  than 

477 


could  have  been  expected  at  the  time  he  wrote.  He  had  access  to 
olKcial  information  from  which  he  derived  many  advantages.  lie 
possessed  a  very  considerable  command  of  language." — Sir  John 
Sinclair. 

''Admirable  works;  replete  with  curious  and  instructive  reflec- 
tions."— Duke  of  Grafton. 

'•  There  seem  to  be  but  slender  grounds  for  the  eulopies  bestowed 
on  his  writings,  or  for  thinking  that  they  at  all  accelerated  the 
progress  of  sound  commercial  knowledge.  They  contiiiu  little  that 
is  valuable  that  may  not  be  found  in  the  work  of  !>ir  Joshua  Child. 
Some  detached  paragraphs  are  exceedingly  good  ;  but  the  treatises 
of  which  they  form  parts  are  remarkably  inconclusivi".  and  are  for 
the  most  part  pervaded  by  the  narrowest  and  most  illibrral  views. 
There  is  no  evidence  to  show  thjit  Davenant  had  cvlt  rellected  on 
the  influence  of  commerce  in  facilitating  the  production  of  wealth, 
by  its  enabling  the  division  of  labour  to  be  carried  to  the  farthest 
extent:  that  is,  by  its  enabling  the  people  of  different  countries  to 
apply  themselves,  in  preference,  to  those  employments  for  the  pro- 
secution of  which  they  have  some  natural  or  acquired  advantage." 
—McCuUoch's  Lit.  of  rnlit.  Scnnonuj,  lS4o.  3.=)2. 

Davcnaut,  John,  D.D.,  1576-1641,  a  native  of  Lon- 
don, was  educated  at,  and  Fellow  of,  Queen's  College,  Cam- 
bridge; Lady  Margaret  Profess,  of  bivinity,  1609;  Master 
of  bis  College,  1614;  sent  by  James  L  to  the  Synod  of 
Dort,  1618;  Bisbop  of  Salisbury,  1621.  He  incurred  the 
displeasure  of  the  king  by  maintaining  the  doctrine  of 
predestination  in  a  sermon  preached  before  big  majesty. 
Expositio  Epistolaj  D.  Pauli  ad  Colossenes,  Cantab.,  1027, 
fol.;  3d  ed.,  Cantab.,  1639;  Amst.,  1646,  4to;  Groning., 
1655,  4to.  This  is  the  substance  of  Lectures  read  by  the 
author. 

"The  bishop  pays  considerable  attention  to  find  out  the  literal 
sense,  as  well  as  to  illustrate  the  doctrinal  and  practical  meaning, 
of  the  epistle.  Walch  commends  it;  and  the  learned  author  of  the 
Svnopsis  speaksofDavenant  as  an  interpreter  far  above  his  praise." 
-^Orme's  Bihl.  Bib. 

"Davenant's  Exposition  is  valuable,  notas  a  book  for  continuous 
perusal,  but  as  a  work  of  reference,  in  which  the  reader  will  find 


DAY 

cialiy  Shakespeare,  who  frequented  his  house  in  his  journies  be- 
tween Warwickshire  and  London.)  was  of  a  melancholic  disposi- 
tion, and  was  seldom  or  never  seen  to  laugh,  in  whirh  he  was  imi- 
tated by  none  of  his  children  but  by  Robert,  his  eldest  son.  after- 
wards Fellow  of  St.  John's  Coll.  and  a  venerable  doct.  of  div.  As 
for  William,  whom  we  are  farther  to  mention,  and  may  justly  stile 
•  the  sweet  swan  of  Isis,'  he  was  educated  in  grammar  learning  un- 
der Kdw.  Sylvester,  whom  I  shall  el.^ewhere  mention,  and  in  acade- 
mical in  Line.  Coll.  under  thecare  of  Mr.  Ban.  Hough,  in  1620,  or  21, 
or  thereabouts,  and  obtained  there  some  smattering  in  logic;  but 
his  geny  which  was  always  opposite  to  it,  lead  him  in  the  pleasant 
paths  of  poetry,  so  that  tho'  he  wanted  much  of  university  learn- 
ing, yet  he  made  as  high  and  noble  flights  in  the  poetical  faculty, 
asfancy  could  advance,  without  it." — Athen.  Oxon.,  Bliss's  ed., 
jli.  802. 

On  quitting  college  he  obtained  the  place  of  page  to  the 
celebrated  Duchess  of  Richmond,  and  subsequently  resided 
in  the  household  of  Sir  Fulke  Greville,  Lord  Brooke,  by 
whose  death  in  1628  he  was  once  more  thrown  upon  his 
own  resources.  In  the  same  year  appenred  his  Tragedy 
of  Albovine,  King  of  the  Lombards,  pub.  1629,  4to.  To 
this  .succeeded  The  Just  Italian,  a  Play;  and  The  Cruel 
Brother,  a  Tragedy,  both  pub.  1629,  4to.  The  success  of 
these  pieces,  and  other  compositions,  (see  a  list  of  his  pro- 
ductions in  Lowndes's  Bibl.  Manual.)  gave  the  author  a 
position  among  the  wits  of  the  day,  and  in  1637  be  suc- 
ceeded Ben  Jonson  as  poet  laureate.  In  1641  be  became 
involved  in  the  political  difficulties  which  entangled  most 
of  the  principal  men  of  the  time.  Of  course  he  was  a  royal- 
ist, and  for  his  efforts  on  behalf  of  the  unfortunate  mon- 
arch he  was  for  some  time  imprisoned,  and  was  glad  to 
retire  to  France.  After  a  short  residence  al:>road,  he  re- 
turned to  England,  and  served  with  the  royalist  forces  as 
lieutenant-general  of  the  ordnance  at  tho  siege  of  Glouces- 
ter. At  this  period  be  was  knighted  by  King  Charles. 
Again  repairing  to  Franco,  he  was  honoured  with  the  con- 


most  of  the  disputed  points  of  the  Papistical,  Oalvinistic,  and  some     fidence  of  Queen  Henrietta  Maria,  and  intrusted  by  her 


minor  controversies  treated  with  great  acuteness,  learning,  and 
judgment." — Lon.  Eclrctic  Ji'i:vieio. 

"  A  very  excellent  work,  full  of  valuable  elucidation." — Bicker- 
SteOi's  Chridian  Stu<h-nL 

Trans,  into  English,  with  a  Life  of  the  Autbor  and  Notes, 
by  the  Rev.  Josiah  Allport,  Lon..  1831,  '32,  2  vols.  8vo. 

*■  Mr.  Allport  has  conferred  no  small  favour  on  biblical  students 
by  rendering  Bishop  Davenant's  valuable  exposition  accessible  to 
English  readers." — Hornets  Bihl.  Bib. 

"The  translation  not  only  possesses  the  more  ordinary  and  abso- 
lutely indispensable  prerequisites  of  general  accuracy  and  fidelity, 
but  the  more  rare  recommendations  of  commendable  care,  propriety, 
and  even  elegance.  ...  A  very  valuable  feature  of  the  present 
work  is,  that  the  edition  has  appended  (in  the  form  of  notes)  bio- 
graphical sketches  of  the  Fathers  and  Schoolmen,  whose  names  so 
profusely  adorn  the  pages  of  Davenaut.  .  .  .  Ilis  notes  contain  a 
great  deal  of  curious  and  valuable  information.  The  Sketch  of 
the  Life  of  Cavenant  deserves  the  highest  praise:  it  is  the  onltj 
attempt  that  has  ever  been  made  to  give  any  thing  like  a  detailed 
account  of  the  history  and  writings  of  that  great  and  good  man." 
— Lo7i.  Eclectic  h'evifiv. 

Praelectiones.  &c.  de  Justitia  habitual!  et  actuali  altero. 
Cantab.,  1631,  fol.  Determinationes  XLIX.  Qua:!stionum, 
Ac,  1634,  fol. 

"  Many  debateable  doctrines  [in  the  two  vols.]  wisely  stated." — 
Bicl.rrstith^s  Clii-intian  Sludf-nt. 

Trans,  of  the  above  two  vols,  into  English  by  the  Kev. 
Josiah  Allport,  Lon.,  1844-46,  2  vols.  8vo. 

"  Well  calculated  to  meet  the  errors  which  are  most  prevalent  at 
the  present  time.  .  .  .  The  man  who  will  make  himself  master  of 
Davenant's  arguments  will  find  in  them  a  sufficient  safeguard 
against  Romanizing  tendencies  at  any  time." — Church  of  Kvgland 
Quar.  Bev. 

An  Exhortation  to  Brotherly  Communion  between  the 
Protestant  Churches,  1641,  12mo.  The  same  in  Latin, 
Camb.,  1640.  Svo. 

"  A  delightful  little  work  on  this  subject.  Milton,  Baxter,  Bur- 
roughes.  Bishop  Ptillingtleet,  and  others  wrote  with  the  same 
views." — Bicki'rstelh's  Christian  Sfmloit. 

Animadversions  upon  a  Treatise  written  by  Mr.  S.  (or  J.) 
Hoard,  entitled  God's  Love  to  Mankind,  kc,  Camb.,  1641, 
Svo.  Epistola  de  Sacramentis,  Lon.,  1649.  Svo.  Disser- 
tationes  dua)  de  Morte  Christi  et  Priedcstiuatione,  Cantab., 
1650,  fol. 

*•  In  his  elaborate  and  very  judicioxis  treatise  on  the  Death  of 
Christ,  Davenant  plainly  shows,  that  while  profoundly  impressed 
with  the  truth  of  the  main  doctrines  of  the  Calvanisfic  school,  he 
was  by  no  means  the  supralapsarian  which  many  of  the  opposite 
party  have  been  fond  of  representing  him.  lie  was  decidedly  a 
Bublapsarian." — Lmr.  Eclectic  Jievuw. 

See  an  interesting  account  of  this  excellent  man  in  Ful- 
ler's Worthies. 

Davenant,  Sir  William,  1605-1668.  a  native  of  Ox- 
ford, was  the  son  of  a  vintner — at  least  we  are  willing  to 
accept  this  version  of  his  paternity.  Wood  gives  an  in- 
teresting account  of  the  household: 

"His  mother  was  a  very  beautiful  woman,  of  a  pood  wit  and 

conversation,  in  which  she  was  imitated  by  none  of  her  children. 

but  by  this  William.    The  father,  who  was  a  very  good  and  discreet 

citizen,  (vet  an  admirer  and  lover  of  plays  and  play-makers,  espe- 

478 


with  a  communication  to  Charles.  Davenant  saw  no  pro- 
mise of  brighter  times  at  home,  and  therefore  determined 
to  try  bis  fortune  in  the  New  World.  The  vessel  in  which 
he  sailed  with  his  company  of  mechanics  and  weavers  was 
seized  by  an  English  man-of-war,  and  our  poetical  knight 
found  himself  for  the  second  time  a  prisoner.  Whilst  con- 
fined in  Cowes  Castle,  he  finished  the  first  part  of  the  poem 
of  Gondibert.  He  was  now  removed  to  the  Tower  of  Lon- 
don, and  would  probably  have  fared  badly  in  addition  to 
bis  two  years'  imprisonment,  bad  not  Milton  nobly  exerted 
himself  to  procure  bis  enlargement.  It  is  said  that  this 
debt  of  gratitude  was  repaid  at  the  Restoration,  when  Mil- 
ton was  beholden  for  his  safety  to  the  influence  of  bis 
brother  poet.  Davenant  now  employed  himself  in  the  in- 
troduction of  such  dramatic  entertainments — partaking  of 
the  character  of  the  opera — as  the  taste  of  the  age,  or  the 
forbearance  of  the  rulers,  rendered  practicable.  The  re- 
mainder of  his  life  seems  to  have  passed  in  the  quiet  en- 
joyment of  his  literary  tastes,  and  the  admiring  apprecia- 
tion of  bis  contemporaries.  He  was  honoured  with  a  last 
resting-place  in  AVestminster  Abbey,  and  the  sepulchral 
marble  was  not  thought  unworthy  of  the  expressive  epi- 
taph which  had  previously  been  npplied  to  his  successor  in 
the  honours  of  the  laurel: — "0  Rare  Sir  William  Daven- 
ant" the  poet  would  have  considered  as  ample  reward  for 
his  literary  exertions.  A  collective  edition  of  bis  works 
was  pub.  in  folio,  1672,  '73.  Gondibert — by  which  the  au- 
thor's name  is  best  known — is  a  heroic  poem,  the  events 
of  which  are  supposed  to  have  occurred  in  the  reign  of 
Aribert.  King  of  Lombardy,  653-661.  By  some  of  the 
principal  poets  of  the  day.  Cowley  and  Waller  being  of  the 
number,  it  was  rapturously  apjilauded  ;  by  others  it  was  so 
warmly  attacked,  that  the  author  felt  it  incumbent  on  him 
to  defend  liimsclf  from  their  censures.  He  had  no  heart 
to  continue  a  theme  so  little  appreciated,  and  Gondibert 
was  left  to  posterity  in  an  unfinished  state.  See  Disraeli's 
Quarrels  of  Authors;  Miscellanies  in  Prose  by  Aikin  and 
Barbauld;  Retrospective  Review,  (Lon.,  1S20,)  ii.  304-24: 
prefatory  remarks  to  vol.  iv.  of  Anderson's  British  Poets; 
Headley's  Select  Beauties ;  Hurd's  Letters  on  Chivalry  and 
Romance;  Biog.  Brit.;  Maloue's  History  of  the  Stage. 
Gondibert  has  now  but  few  readers.  The  four-lined  stanza 
with  alternate  rhymes  is  not  a  favourite  measure,  and  six 
thousand  lines  of  such,  in  a  solid  phalanx,  present  an  ap- 
pc:ir:uuo  sufficiently  formidable  to  repel  ordinary  readers. 
Yet  those  who  thus  neglect  the  bulky  tomes  of  old  English 
poetry  little  know  what  they  lose.  With  much  that  may 
bo  spared,  there  is  much  also  which  is  admirably  calculated 
to  charm  the  imagination,  to  delight  the  fancy,  and  to  im- 
prove the  heart.  If  it  were  only  to  enjoy  the  exqui>ito 
sketHi  of  the  Character  and  Love  of  Birthii,  would  it  not 
be  well  worth  while  to  read  the  six  thousand  lines  of  Gon- 
dibert?    But  we  are  extending  this  article  unwarrantably, 


DAY 


DAV 


and  must  conclude ;  not,  however,  without  the  citation  of 
some  opinions  upon  the  merits  of  the  once  thrice-famed, 
now  little  known,  ''Rare  Sir  William  Davenant !" 

"  I  found  hiui  of  so  quick  a  fancy,  that  nothing  was  proposed 
to  him  on  which  he  could  not  suddenly  produce  a  thought  ex- 
tremely pleasant  and  surprising;  and  those  first  thoughts  of  his, 
contrary  to  the  old  Latin  proverb,  were  not  always  the  least  happy. 
And  as  his  fancy  was  quick,  so  likewise  were  the  products  of  it  re- 
mote and  happy,  lie  borrowed  not  of  any  other,  and  his  imagina- 
tions were  such  as  could  not  easily  enter  into  any  other  man,  be- 
stowing twice  the  time  and  labour  in  polishing  which  he  used  in 
invention." — Dryden. 

Dryden  on  other  occasions  expresses  his  ohligations  to 
Davenant,  and  surely  the  latter  had  a  claim  upon  his  gra- 
titude, for  Dryden  remarks  in  his  preface  to  the  Tempest, 
which  they  had  altered : 

''  It  was  originally  Shakspeare's — a  poet  for  whom  he  had  par- 
ticularly a  high  veneration,  and  whom  he  first  taught  me  to  ad- 
mire.'' 

"Gondibert,  which  is  rather  a  string  of  Epigrams  than  an  Kpic 
Poem,  was  not  without  its  admirers,  among  whom  were  Waller  aud 
Cowley.  But  the  success  did  not  answer  his  expectation.  When 
the  novelty  ot  it  was  over,  it  presently  sunk  into  contempt;  and 
he  at  length  found,  that  when  he  strayed  from  Homer  he  deviated 
from  nature." — Granger,  iv.  4.3. 

''The  stanza  which  he  has  adopted  is  better  suited  to  elegiac 
than  to  heroic  poetry.  A  beautifully  descriptive  passage,  inter- 
spersed in  the  course  of  two  or  three  hundred  lines,  will  not  alle- 
viate the  tedium  of  the  rest;  as  an  occasional  flash  of  lightning 
cannot  illuminate  the  continual  gloominess  of  an  extensive  pros- 
pect."— Knox's  EsS(i>/s.  ii.  377. 

"  When  a  writer  who  is  driven  by  so  many  powerful  motives  to 
the  imitation  of  preceding  models,  revolts  against  them  all,  aud 
determines  at  any  rate,  to  be  original,  nothing  can  be  expected  but 
an  awkward  straining  in  every  thing.  Intproprr  method,  forced 
conceits,  and  ajdVcted  expressimi,  are  the  certain  issue  of  such  ob- 
stinacy. The  busine.ss  is  to  be  untile;  and  this  he  m.ay  very  pos. 
Bibly  be,  but  at  the  expense  of  graceful  ease  and  true  beauty." — 
Bii-twp  Hurd's  Critical  Commentaries.  Notes,  and  Dissertations,  ill. 
13S-144. 

But  Mr.  Headley  disputes  the  justice  of  the  bishop's 
critique : 

"  After  all,  it  seems  but  candid  to  examine  every  work  by  those 
rules  only  which  the  author  prescribed  himself  in  the  composing 
of  it:  every  contrary  step  is  but  trying  a  m.an  of  one  country  by 
the  laws  of  another.  What  right  have  we,  therefore,  to  be  offended 
at  not  finding  the  critical  acts  passed  by  Aristotle  originally,  and 
re-echoed  by  IJossu  and  the  French  critics,  rigidly  observed,  when 
it  was  the  author's  professed  intention  to  write  without  them?" — 
Bi"(].  Sketches  pr-ftxed  to  HeadJey's  Collection,  vol.  i.   See  Biog.  Brit. 

Davenant,  Kev.  William,  drowned  whilst  swim- 
ming, 1681,  fourth  son  of  the  preceding,  was  educated  at 
Magdalen  Hall,  Oxford.  Trans,  of  La  Mothe  le  Vayer's 
Animadversions  on  Greek  and  Latin  Historians. 

Davenport,C'hristopher,  1598-1 680,  became  a  Fran- 
ciscan, adopted  the  name  of  Sanct.a  Clara,  and  was  chap- 
lain to  Queen  Henrietta  Maria.  De  Prasdestinatione  Me- 
ritis,  &c.,  Lugd.,  1634,  Svo.  Apologia  Episcoporum,  1610, 
8vo.  Manuale  Miss.  Regularium,  Duaci,  1658,  8vo.  Sys- 
tema  Fidei,  &,:.  Lodi,  1G48,  4to.  Vindic.  of  R.  Catholics, 
IfioS).  Religio  l'hil..,«ophi,  ,1c,,  Duaci,  1662,  8vo.  R.  C. 
Belief,  1670,  Svo.  Middle  State  of  Souls.  See  Bishop 
Heber's  Life  of  Jeremy  Taylnr. 

Davenport,Francis.  Tides  at  Tonquin,  Phil.  Trans., 
16S4. 

Davenport,  Humphrey.  Abrigt.  of  Coke  upon  Lit- 
tleton. 4th  cd.,  Lon.,  1685,  12mo.     See  Marvin's  Leg.  Bibl. 

Davenport,  John,  1597-1670,  brother  of  Christopher, 
emigrated  to  Boston  in  1637,  aud  was  minister  at  New 
Haven  and  at  Boston.  He  was  of  great  learning,  piety, 
and  zeal.  AVhen  'Whalley  and  Goffe  fled  to  New  Havcii, 
he  concealed  them  in  his  own  house.  He  pub.  a  number 
of  serms.,  letters,  &c.,  1629-1637.  See  Athen.  Oxon. ; 
Mather's  Magnalia;  Trumbull's  Conn. ;  Hutchinson;  Win- 
throp. 

Davenport,  John.  Historic;il  Class  Book,  Lon., 
1839,  12mo. 

"One  of  the  most  useful  helps  to  education  which  has  fallen 
under  our  critical  cognizance." — Lon.  M.  Advertiser. 

Hist,  of  the  Bastille.  Lives  of  Eminent  Men.  Ali 
Pasha.     Narrative. 

Davenport,  K.  A.  Dictionary  of  Biography,  Lon., 
1831.  12mo. 

Davenport,  Richard.  Con.  to  Amer.  Phil.,  1815; 
Nat.  Phil. 

Davenport,  Robert.  New  Tricko  to  cheat  the  Divell, 
Lon.,  1639,  4to.  The  City  Night  Cap,  1655,  4to.  Other 
dramatic  pieces. 

Davenport,  Selina.     Novels,  1814,  '15. 

Daventer,  Henry.     Midwifery  Improved.  1716,  Rvo. 

Davey,  John.   Ohs.  on  Bane  in  Sheep.  Bath.  1830,  Svo. 

David,  St.,  the  Patron  of  Wales,  d.  544,  was  born  about 
the  close  of  the  5th  century.  He  wrote  the  Decrees  of  the 
Synod  of  'Victoria,  the  Rules  of  his  Monasteries,  some 


Homilies,  and  Letters  to  King  Arthur:  all  of  which  hara 
perished.  See  Butler's  Lives  of  the  Saints;  Wharton's 
Anglia  Sacra;  Tanner. 

David,  Ap  Gwillnm,  a  famous  Welsh  bard,  is  noted 
for  having  inscribed  147  poems  to  the  fair  Morvid.  Such 
a  deluge  was  too  much  for  her  constancj' — if  indeed  she 
ever  favoured  the  poet — and  she  was  married  to  a  soldier 
named  Rhys  Gwgan,  who  had  distinguished  himself  at  the 
battle  of  Crecy.  So,  in  this  case,  the  favourite  maxim  of 
authors  was  disproved, — the  Sword  outweighed  the  Pen. 
David's  works  were  edited  in  London  in  1789. 

David,  Ben.  Theolog.  Letters  to  Lon.  Quar.  Review, 
1825. 

David,  Job.  Review  of  Dr.  Priestley's  Letter  to  an 
AntiptBdc.baptist,  1803,  Svo. 

David,  M.   Effect  of  Motion,  Rest.  &c.,Lon.,  1790,  4to. 

David,  Michael.  Religion,  Ac.  of  J.  B.  Renoult, 
1708.  4to. 

David,  R.    1.  The  Fast.    2.  Fear  of  God,  1781, '82,  Svo. 

Davidson.     The  Christian  Prize;  a  Serm.,  Svo. 

Davidson,  Rev.  Anthony.  A  Sentiment.il  Journey, 
in  imitation  of  Sterne.     Serms.;  in  blank  verse. 

Davidson,  Charles.  Precedents  in  Conveyancing, 
4th  ed..  Lon.,  l.'^52, 12mo.  Common  Forms  in  Conveyanc- 
ing, 1S46,  r.  Svo. 

Davidson, David.  Thoughts  on  the  Seasons,1789,8TO. 

Davidson,  David.     English  Grammar.  1814,  12mo. 

Davidson,  David,  D.D.  Comment,  on  the  Bible, 
Lon.,  1845,  fol. ;  1836-46,  3  vols.  24mo.  Pocket  Biblical 
Diet.,  new  ed.,  1837,  24mo.  Prophecy,  1S39,  12mo.  Con- 
nec.  of  S.  and  P.  Hist.,  1842,  24rao. 

'■This  work  is  well  executed.  The  historical  plan  is  clear  and 
unique,  and  the  style  is  singularly  attractive,  on  account  of  its 
purity  and  strength.'' — Prote.^tant  Churchman. 

Davidson,fi.  B.arkTreeinSt.  Lucia.Phil.Trans.,17S4. 

Davidson,  G.  F.  Trade  and  Travel  in  the  East, 
Lon.,  1846,  p.  Svo. 

"One  of  the  best  and  most  entertaining  books  of  travels  pub- 
lished within  the  last  three  years.'' — Lon.  Dispatch. 

Favourably  reviewed  in  the  Edin.  and  Lon.  Quar.  Re- 
views. 

Davidson, Henry.  Waterloo;  a  Poem.Lon.,1816,Svo. 

Davidson,  James.     Two  Serms..  1804. 

Davidson,  .lohn.  Dialogue  betwixt  a  Clerk  and  a 
Courteour,  concerning  the  state  of  Parish  Kirks  in  Scot- 
l.and,  1570,  cr.  Svo.  40  copies  reprinted  at  Edinburgh  in 
1829. 

Helpes  for  Y.  S.  in  Chris.,  Kdin., 


Davidson,  John. 

1602.  Svo. 
Davidson,  John. 
Davidson,  John 

Scotland  in  1329, '30, '31 


Catechism,  Edin.,  1708,  Svo. 
Accounts  of  the  Chamberlain  in 
Obs.  on  the  Regiam  M.ajestatem, 
Edin.,  1792,  Svo.  Remarks  on  some  Edits,  of  the  Acts 
Pari,  of  Scotland,  1792,  Svo.  See  Sir  D-iviD  Dalrym- 
ple's  Anniils  of  Scothand,  iii.  340. 

Davidson,  Lucretia  Maria,  1808-1S25,  a  native 
of  Plattsburg,  New  York,  was  the  daughter  of  a  physician. 
Before  she  was  six  years  of  ago  she  wrote  quite  a  number 
of  origiuiil  poetical  compositions,  which  were  accidentally 
discovered,  having  been  carefully  concealed  in  a  closet  sel- 
dom visited.  Her  first  poem  which  has  been  preserved, 
w:is  written  when  she  was  nine  years  old.  The  earliest  of 
her  productions  which  has  been  published  w,as  written  at 
eleven  ye:irs  of  age.  Before  she  was  twelve  years  old  she 
had  read  much  of  Shakspcare,  Kotzebue,  and  Goldsmith, 
many  of  the  standard  English  poets,  and  several  histo- 
rians. Such  remarkable  precocity  of  course  excited  much 
observation,  and  when  about  16  years  of  age,  by  the  kind- 
ness of  Mr.  Moss  Kent,  she  was  placed  at  the  excellent 
seminary  of  Mrs.  Willard,  .at  Troy.  This  lady,  who  has 
done  so  much  to  educate  the  female  mind  in  America — • 
whose  name  is  so  familiar  to  many  mothers  who  are  now 
communicating  to  their  children  the  intellectn.al  and  moral 
lessons  acquired  from  their  former  preceptor — immediately 
recognised  the  peculiar  characteristics  of  the  mind  con- 
fided to  her  guidance.     She  remarks : 

'•  8be  at  once  surprised  us  by  the  brilliancy  and  pathos  of  her 
compositions;  she  evinced  a  most  exquisite  sense  of  the  beautiful 
in  the  productions  of  her  pencil;  always  giviog  to  whatever  she 
attempted  to  copy  certain  peculiar  and  original  touches  which 
marked  the  liveliness  of  her  conceptions,  and  the  power  of  her 
genius  to  embody  those  conceptions.  But  from  studies  which  re- 
quired calm  and  steady  investigation.  efTorfsof  memory,  judgment, 
and  consecutive  thinking,  her  mind  seemed  to  shrink.  She  had 
no  confidence  in  herself  and  appeared  to  regard  with  dismay  any 
requisitions  of  this  nature." 

During  the  vacation — a  few  months  after  her  reception 
into  Mrs.  Willard's  household — she  sufiTered  from  ill  health, 
but  rallied  sufficiently  to  be  jilaced  at  a  school  in  Albany, 
where  it  was  hoped  she  might  be  able  to  continue  her  stu- 

479 


DAY 


DAY 


dies.  Bui  il  was  soon  iipparcnt  that  hor  life  was  not  to  '  399 ;  Sparks'a  Amer.  Biog,,  vii.  209;  Lon.  Quar.  Rev.,  xll. 
be  prolun^jcil.  The  unfavourable  symptoms  which  had  289,  Ixix.  49  ;  Chris.  Examiner,  xxxi.  269.  In  London, 
alarmed  the  anxiety  of  her  family  and  friends  now  deve-  the  biographies  of  the  sisters,  by  Miss  Sedgwick  and  Mr. 
loped  themselves  with  increased  strength,  and  resulted  fa-  ,  Irving,  have  been  incorporated  into  one  volume, 
tally  on  the  27th  of  August,  1S25,  one  mouth  before  she  ,  Davidson,  iHaigaret  31.,  mother  of  the  two  preccd- 
had"  attained  the  age  of  17.  So  great  was  her  facility  in  I  ing.  A  volume  of  Selections  from  her  ^Uitmgs,  with  a 
composition,  that  she  left  no  less  than  two  hundred  and  !  preface  by  Miss  Sedgwick,  was  pub.  in  1843. 
seventy-eight  pieces,  (about  one  hundred  and  forty  had  I      '-There  is  nothing  in  her  book  to  »■•■■«»' ''"™!''°-    ^l''":?.';^'?" 

,  ,.  iiri.        i.i\  ii„        fi I  son  has  some  command  of  language,  and  a  knowltdfre  ol  ver&ifica- 

been  destroyed  before  her  death,)  among  which  were  five  ^P,"""^^^  ,hj,  ,i,ij.f  production  of  her  industry  in  this  line  isapara- 
poems  of  several  cantos  each,  a  number  of  romances,  and  ,  -jj^gj^^  of  six  books  of  Fintial.  Her  writings  are  interesting  onjy 
a  tragedy. 

A  collection  of  her  pieces,  with  a  memoir,  was  pub.  in 


1829,  by  Mr.  Samuel  F.  B.  Morse,  under  the  title  of  Amir 
Khan  and  other  Poems :  the  Remains  of  Lucretia  Maria 
Davidson.  An  interesting  review  of  this  volume  by  Ro- 
bert Southey  will  be  found  in  the  London  Quarterly  Re- 
view, xli.  289.  Miss  Catherine  M.  Sedgwick  also  has  pub. 
a  biography  of  her  life  and  character,  and  the  reader  will 
find  interesting  notices  of  Lucretia  M.  and  Margaret  M. 
Davidson  in  Dr.  Griswold'a  Female  Poets  of  America,  and 
in  Mrs.  Hale's  Records  of  Woman. 

"  In  these  poems  there  is  enough  of  originality,  enough  of  aspi- 
ration, enough  of  conscious  energy,  enough  of  growing  power,  to 
warrant  any  expectations,  however  sanguine,  which  the  patron, 
and  the  friends  and  parents  of  the  deceased  could  have  formed. 
...  In  our  own  language,  except  in  the  cases  of  Chatterton  and 
Kirke  Wliite,  we  can  call  to  mind  no  instance  nf  so  early,  so  ardent, 
and  so  fatal  a  pursuit  of  intellectual  advancement." — llOBERT 
SODTHEY,  iibi  su2:ira. 

Davidson,  Margaret  Miller,  182.'i-1838,  was  a  sis- 
ter of  the  preceding,  and  distinguished  by  the  same  re- 
markable precocity  of  intellect  and  facility  in  literary 
composition.  At  the  early  age  of  six  years  she  found 
great  delight  in  the  perusal  of  the  poems  of  Milton,  Cow- 
per,  Thomson,  Scott,  and  other  authors  of  the  same  class. 
"By  the  time  she  was  six  years  old,"  remarks  her  mo- 
ther, "her  language  assumed  an  elevated  tone,  and  her 
mind  seemed  filled  with  poetic  imagery,  blended  with  veins 
of  religious  thought."  About  this  time  she  commenced 
"  lisping  in  numbers,"  and  specimens  of  her  poetry  then 
written  will  be  found  in  Washington  Irving's  charming 
Memoir  of  this  wonderful  child,  for  she  was  but  fifteen 
years  and  eight  months  old  when  translated  to  a  brighter 
sphere.  Of  the  beautiful  stanzas  addressed  to  her  sister 
Lucretia,  Mr.  Irving  remarks : 

"  We  m.ay  have  read  poetry  more  artificially  perfect  in  its  struc- 
ture, but  never  any  more  truly  divine  in  its  inspii-ation." 

Leonore  is  the  longest  of  her  poems;  (the  volume  just 
quoted  contains  some  of  her  prose  compositions,  also:) 

"  It  is  a  story  of  romantic  love,  happily  conceived,  and  illustrated 
with  some  tine  touches  of  sentiment  and  fancy.  It  is  a  crcditaltle 
production,  and  would  entitle  a  much  older  author  to  considera- 
tion ;  but  its  best  passages  scarcely  equal  some  of  her  eailier  and 
less  elaborate  performances." — Oriswotd's  Female  Biets  of  America. 
Mrs.  Davidson  had  drank  deeply  of  the  cup  of  affliction  : 
few  could  lose  such  a  daughter  as  Lucretia  Maria: — but  it 
was  much  that  her  little  sister — then  not  quite  two  years 
old — was  left  to  comfort  the  stricken  p.arent.  When  only 
three  years  of  age  the  child  would  sit  "  on  a  cushion  at  her 
mother's  feet,  listening  to  anecdotes  of  her  sister's  life,  and 
details  of  the  events  which  preceded  her  death  ;  and  would 
often  e.xclaim,  while  her  face  beamed  with  mingled  emo- 
tions, '  Oh,  I  will  try  to  fill  her  place — teach  me  to  be  like 
her!'" 

Her  prayer  had  been  granted.  She  had  grown  up  to 
supply  her  sister's  place,  and  had  evinced  the  possession 
of  powers  calculated  to  honour  her  name  and  bless  her 
race — when  she  too  was  called  to  bo  numbered  with  the 
"early  lost,  the  long  deplored."  Again  the  fond  mother 
had  to  pass  through  the  afflicting  scenes  from  which  she 
had  already  suffered  so  deeply.  Some  four  years  after  she 
had  followed  Margaret  to  the  grave,  she  remarks  in  a  letter 
to  the  author  of  this  work — referring  to  an  incident  which 
had  recently  transpired — 

"I  will  not  attempt  to  describe  feelings  which  brought  before 
my  mind's  eye  with  all  the  freshness  of  yesterday,  some  of  the 
most  deeply  touching  incidents  in  my  sorrowing  and  varied  life, 
with  cherished  and  sacred  recollections  of  the  dear  one  who,  like  a 
bright  dream,  has  faded  away  from  my  sight  in  this  world  forever!" 
The  reader  must  not  fail  to  peruse  the  deeply  interesting 
memoir  by  Mr.  Irving  before  referred  to.  'We  may  fitly 
conclude  this  sketch  in  his  own  words: 

■'  We  shall  not  pretend  to  comment  on  these  records;  they  need 
no  comment,  and  they  .admit  no  ht-ightcning.  Indeed,  the  farther 
we  have  proceeded  with  our  subject,  the  nioie  has  the  intellectual 
beautj'  and  the  seraphic  purity  of  the  little  being  we  have  intended 
to  commemorate  broken  upon  us;  and  the  more  have  we  shrunk 
at  our  own  unworthiness  for  such  a  task." 

Notices  of  the  literary  history  of  the  gifted  sisters,  and 
reviews  of  Miss  Sedgwick's  and  Mr.  Irving's  biographies, 
will  bo  found  in  the  Southern  Lit.  Messenger,  i.  51 ;  is.  94, 

4S0 


as  Indexes  to  the  early  culture  of  her  daughters."— Grii-wi/Ws  Fe- 
male P'«-ls  nf  Amei-ica. 

Davidson,  Robert.     Serm.,  1(07,  4fo. 
Davidson,  Robert,  and  David  Douglass.     De- 
cisions of  the  C.  of  Sess.,  1792-96,  Edin.,  1797,  fol.     The 
same,  1796-1801.  fol. 

Davidson,  Samuel.  Con.  to  Med.  Com.,  1790. 
Davidson,  Rev.  Samuel,  LL.D.  Ecclesiastical  Po- 
lity of  the  N.  Test.,  Lon.,  1848,  8vo.  Introduo.  to  the  N. 
Test.,  1848-61,  3  vols.  8vo.  Biblical  Criticism,  Edin.,  1852, 
2  vols.  8vo  ;  new  ed.,  Lon.,  1855,  8vo.  Sacred  Hermeneu- 
tics  Developed  and  Applied,  1843,  Svo. 

"  Nothing  seems  to  be  left  undone  which  could  be  brought  within 
the  prescribed  limits ;  and  tliat  which  has  been  done  appears  to  be 
well  done  and  treated  in  an  intelligent  and  masterly  manner." — 
Ck.  nf  England  Quar.  Rev. 

Trans,  of  Gieseler's  Comp.  of  Eccles.  History,  Lon.,  1 846, 
ic,  4  vols.  Svo.     See  CLarke's  Foreign  Theolog.  Library. 

"Gieseler's  Church  History  is  an  invaluable  storehouse  of  refer- 
ence to  the  anxious  and  inquiring  studeut  and  doctrinarian." — 
Lon.  Eclec.  Rev. 

Text  of  the  Old  Testament  Considered,  Lon.,  1856,  8vo. 
Davidson,  Thomas.     Cantus;  Songs  and  Fancies, 
Aberdeen,  1666.     This  is  said  to  be  the  first  collection  in 
which  Scottish  Songs  are  to  be  found. 

Davidson,  Thomas.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1749,  8vo. 
Davidson, Thomas.  Sketch  of  Dr.  Erskine,1803,8vo. 
Davidson,  \Vm.     Sermon  on  Fasting,  Newc,  1793, 
Svo.     Brief  Outline  of  an  Exam,  of  the  Song  of  Solomon, 
Lon.,  1817,  Svo. 

"The  author  of  this  work  considers  the  Canticles  as  an  inspired 
song,  wholly  referring  to  the  spiritual  Solomon,  or  Christ  and  his 
true  spiritual  church.'' — Horne's  Bibl.  Bib. 

Davidson,  Wni.    The  Pulmonary  System.  Lon.,  1795, 

Svo.    Con. toMed.  Com., 1793;  to  Med".  Facts,  1792, '93, '94. 

Davidson,  Wm.,M.D.     On  the  Continued  Fevers  of 

G.  Britain  and  Ireland,  Lon.,  1841,  Svo.     Treatise  on  Diet, 

1843,  12mo;  1847. 

"The  volume  is  comprehensive;  it  includes  a  great  deal  of  most 
useful  matter;  and  will  be  a  valuable  guide  to  the  student  and 
young  practitioner." — Efliti.  Med.  and  Surg.  Jtrumal. 

Davidsone,  David.  Disp.  Inaug.  de  Febre  Quar- 
tana.  Lugd.  Eat.,  1686,  4to. 

Davidsone,  John.  Ane  brief  Commendatioun  of 
Vprichtnes.  Imprentit  at  Sanct  Androis  be  R.  Lekpreuick, 
1573.  4to. 

Davie, Charles  H.  Ilist.  of  the  Inquisition,1851,12mo. 
"  A  fair  and  full  account  of  the  evils  which  it  professes  to  de- 
scribe, since  its  statements  are  taken  from  the  most  authentic 
souices  of  information,  both  ancient  and  modern." — Chru.  Times. 
Davie,  John  C.  Letters  from  Paraguay,Lon.,1805,8vo. 
"  A  fictitious  work  of  no  reputation  or  value." 
Davie,  Sampson.     End,  Ac.  of  T.  Norton;  in  verse, 
1570,  Svo. 
Davies.     Antiquities:  see  Hearne's  Collec.,  ii. 
Davies,Arabella.    1.  Letters.   2.  Diary,17S8, 12mo. 
Davies,  .\nth.     The  Protestant's  Practice.     Sparkles 
of  the  Spirit,  1656,  '58. 

Davies,  B.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1785,  Svo. 
Davies,  C.  M.     Hist,  of  Holland,  Lon.,  3  vols.  Svo, 
1S41,  '42,  '44;  new  ed.,  1S51. 

"  Historical  students  must  and  ought  to  be  gr.ateful  to  the  au- 
thor of  this  valuable  work,  which  has  long  been  wanted." — Lon. 
Athevo'tnn. 

Davies,  C.  N.     Lectures  on  Prophecy,  1836,  12mo. 
"This  little  volume  displays  both  thought  and  feeling  oua  sub- 
ject of  the  deepest  interest."— -Bntis/j  Magurine. 

Davies,  Charles,  LL.D.,  born  at  Washington,  Con- 
necticut, for  many  years  Professor  at  West  Point.  Prof 
Davies  is  the  author  of  the  following  valuable  series  of 
Mathematical  works,  which  are  very  extensively  used  in 
schools  and  colleges  throughout  the  U.  S.,  and,  it  is  said, 
h.ave  produced  the  author  more  than  $50,000;  1.  Primary 
Table  Book.  2.  First  Lessons  in  Arithmetic.  3.  Intel- 
lectual Arithmetic.  4.  School  Arithmetic.  5.  Grammar 
of  Arithmetic.  6.  University  Arithmetic,  1st  ed.,  1S46. 
7.  Elementary  Algebra,  1st  ed.,  1839.  8.  Elementary  Geo- 
metry and  Trigonometry,  1st  ed.,  1840.  9.  Practical  Ma- 
thematics, 1852.  10.  Bourdon's  Algebra,  1st  ed.,  1834. 
11.  Legeudre's  Geoinefrv,  1st  ed.,  1828.  12.  Elements 
of  Surveying,  1st  ed.,  1832.     13.  Analytical  Geometry. 


DAV 


DAV 


14.  Differential  and  Integral  Calculus.  15.  De.=cri|itive 
Geometry,  1st  ed.,  182().  1H.  Shades,  Shadnw.s,  and  Pcr- 
spoetive.  17.  Logic  of  Mathematics.  18.  M.athematical 
Dictionary,  1855,  N.  York,  Svo.     See  Peck.  \Vm.  G. 

Davies,  Charles  G.     Scrm.,  Lon.,  1841,  8to. 

Davies,  D.     1.  Serm.     2.  Letters,  ISIO,  Svo. 

Davies,  D,  W.     Scrm.,  Cranbronk,  isii:!,  Svo. 

Davies, David.  Med.,  Ac.  con.  I(.  Phil.  Trans., 17nn,'01. 

Davies,  David.      ,Jurynion's  Guide,  Lon.,  177'.l,  8vo. 

Davies,  Rev.  David,  The  Case  of  Labourers  in 
Ilusliaudry  stated  and  considered,  Lon.,  1795,  4to. 

■■  A  pulilicition  ^vhich  tiiis  b.-eii  a  ^jood  deal  referred  to  for  its 
tacts  and  statements."— 3/c/'////ft(!/(>  Lit.  rtf  l^HL  Kc>m. 

Davies,  Rev.  David  Peter.  A  New  Historical  and 
Descriptive  View  of  Derbyshire,  Lon.,  1811,  Svo. 

Davies,  E.     Serm.,  1720,  Svo. 

Davies,  Ebenezer.  American  Scenes  and  Christian 
Slavery,  Lon.,  1S4S,  '53,  12mo. 

Davies,  Edward.     Art  of  War,  Lon.,  IfilS,  4to. 

Davies,  Edward.     Serm.,  176fl,  Svo. 

Davies,  Edward,  1756-1S.11,  Rector  of  Bi.shopston, 
and  Chancellor  of  Brecon.  Vacunalia;  E.ss.ay  in  verse, 
Lon.,  1788,  Svo.  Twelve  Dialogues  on  Different  Subjects, 
ISOl,  Svo.  Celtic  Eesearches,  or  the  Origin,  Tn'ulitions, 
and  Languages  of  the  Ancient  Britons,  1804,  Svo.  The 
Rites  and  Mythology  of  the  British  Druids,  ISno,  r.  Svo. 

"But  above  all  other  works  on  thi'  sulject  of  TIruidism  would 
we  reoommend  Davies.  ttie  author  of  the  Celtic  Itescarches.  His 
History  of  the  British  Druids  is  a  perfect  mine  of  information  on 
their  most  recondite  antiquities.  Davies.  thouRh  not  free  from  the 
hyper-enthusiasm  which  always  runs  in  the  blood  of  the  Welsh, 
has  never  been  excelled  by  any  writer  who  has  yet  discussed  Druid- 
leal  Literature.*'— Zon.  MmUhly  M'ttjazine. 

Davies,  Lady  Eleanor,  1(10.3-1653,  daughter  of 
Lord  George  Audley,  Earl  of  Castlohavcn,  and  wife  of  the 
celebrated  Sir  John  Davies,  gained  great  notoriety  as  a 
prophetess.  She  pub.  a  number  of  addresses,  appeals,  pro- 
phecies, Ac,  1641-52.  Her  Strange  and  Wonderful  Pro- 
phecies appeared  in  1649,  4to.  See  Heyliu's  Life  of  Arch- 
bishop Laud,  and  Ballard's  British  Ladies. 

Davies,  Evan.     Lightning,  Phil.  Tr,ans.,  n.'^n. 

Davies,  Franc.     A  Catichismo,  Lon.,  1613,  Svo. 

Davies,  Rev.  <i.     Introduc.  to  Reading,  1810, 12mo. 
Davies,  Georse  Ilarley.  Comedian.     The  Fight  of 
Trafalgar;  a  Descriptive  Poem,  1806,  4to. 

Davies,  Grittith.  Key  toB.'s  Trigonometry,1814,Svo. 
Davies,  Henry,  M.D.     Young  Wife's  Guide,  Lon., 
1852,  Svo. 

Davies,  Herbert.  On  the  Physical  Diagnosis  of  the 
Diseases  of  the  Lungs  and  Heart,  Lon.,  1851,  p.  Svo:  2a 
ed.,  revised  and  enlarged,  1854. 

"The  first  edition  of  this  work  was  published  in  1S.5I.  and  we 
then  recommended  it  to  the  attentive  consideration  of  our  readers 
as  embodying  the  Latest  view.s  of  the  Vienna  School.  So  valuable 
a  work  cannot  tail  to  re.ach  many  editions."— ion.  Mai.  Times  and 
Gazetfij. 

Davies, Rev. Hugh.  Welsh  Botanology.Lon.,lS13 
Svo.     Con.  to  Trans.  Linn.  Soc,  1794,  ISll,  '15. 

Davies,  J.     Instructions  for  History,  16S0,'svo. 

Davies,  James.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1679,  4to. 

Davies,  James.     Serm.,  1716,  4to. 

Davies,James.  Address  to  the  Aged, Lon. ,17.'!4,12mo. 

Davies,  James.  Supremacy  of  the  Scriptures,  with 
a  Preface  by  the  Rev.  J.  P.  Smith,  D.D.,  Lon.,  1846, 12mo 

."To  those  who  wish,  by  a  siusle  strain  of  thou-ht,  well  sus- 
tained, to  find  weapons  to  beat  down  the  whole  fabric  of  Popery 
and  every  kindred  system,  we  recommend  Mr.  Davies's  masterly 
treatise.  —Lrm.  Ffriu/eliod  Mag.  ' 

Davies,James  Seymour.  Stubborn  Facts,!  81 2  Svo 

Davies,  Sir  John,  1570-1626,  a  native  of  Wiltshire 
was  educated  at  Queen's  College,  Oxford,  and  afterwards 
studied  law.  In  1603  he  was  sent  as  solicit.ir-general  to 
Ireland,  soon  rose  to  be  attorney-general,  and  sul..ser|uently 
was  appointed  one  of  the  judges  of  assize.  In  li;il7  he 
was  knighted,  and  after  filling  several  offices  with  great 
credit,  he  was  in  1626  appointed  Lord  Chief  Justice  of 
liugland,  but  "died  suddenly  before  the  ceremony  of  set- 
tlement or  installation  could  be  performed." 

NosceTcipsum:  This  Oracle  expounded  in  two  Elegies  : 
1st,  ot  Hum,™  Knowledge,  2d,  Of  the  Soul  of  Man,  and 
the  Immortality  thereof:  title  of  2d  ed.  pub.  1602.  4to  •  1st 
pub.  in  1599,  4to.  Yet  the  dedication  to  tineen  Elizabeth 
bears  date  1592.  See  Chalmers's  Biog.  Diet. 
*i."  P'f  S°''.™  '''■  "'"=""'  dispute,  except  Speusar's  Faery  Queen, 
tne  best  that  was  written  in  Queen  Elizabeth's  or  even  in  Kinir 
James  the  First's  time."— A'ofe  in  the  edit,  nf  Davies's  thet.  mrks. 
■K  to,  i_mo. 

'■The  author  of  this  poem  merits  a  lasting  honour;  for,  as  he 
was  a  most  eloquent  lawyer,  so,  in  the  composition  of  this  piece 
a  f  !"  4 ;    if  ^'^^  ^  ^^"'"'^  ^^^  ^^^  ^^^^^  philosopher."— N.  Tate: 
31 


"  Davies's  Nosce  Teipsum  is  an  excellent  pnem,  in  opening  the 
nature,  faculties,  and  certain  immnrtality  of  man's  soul." — UiCHiRD 
Baxter:  Prc/aU-ri/  Address  to  his  i'u-ticnl  l-yitt/iiifiifs.  If.Sl. 

■■' Perhaps  no  lanyua;j:e  lan  produit-a  puMii,  t-xtumliii^  to  so  preat 
a  lenpth.  of  more  cuudunsatiou  of  thuuL'Iit,  nr  in  w  tiicb  fewc-r  lan- 
jruiil  vc-rsis  will  be  found.  .  .  .  Very  few  l^ivf  Ihimi  al-li.- tn  piL'Serve 
a  piTspicuous  brevity  without  stitlness  ci  ii.'d;intry.  (allowance 
madf  fur  the  subject  and  the  time.)  in  metaphysical  reasnning,  so 
successfully  as  Sir  John  Davies." — Hallam  ;  Jntroduc.  to  Lit.  of 

EUTOpP. 

'•  In  the  happier  parts  of  his  poem  we  come  to  Inciral  truths  so 
well  illustrated  by  ingenious  similes.  tii;it  we  knnw  nut  whether 
to  call  the  thoughts  more  poetically  or  pbilusnphically  just.  The 
judgment  and  fancy  are  reconciled,  and  the  inmgi-ry  of  the  poet 
Seems  to  start  more  vividly  from  the  surrounding  shades  of  ab- 
straction."— Campbell. 

*■  Sir  John  Davies  and  Sir  William  Davonant,  avoiding  equally 
the  opposite  faults  of  too  artificial  and  too  careless  a  style,  wrote 
in  nunilters  which  for  precision  and  cle-iirness,  and  felicity  and 
strength,  have  never  been  surpassed." — Suuthet. 

The  edition  of  his  poetical  works  pub.  in  1773,  12uio, 
.already  referred  to,  contains,  in  addition  to  the  above-no- 
tired  poem,  the  Hymns  of  A.strca — acrostics  in  praise  of 
Elizabeth — and  Orche.'itra.  a  Poem  on  Dancing. 

Reports  of  Cases  in  the  Law  in  the  King's  Courts  in  Ire- 
land, 2  Jac.  I.-IO  Jac.  I..  (1604-12.)  with  a  learned  Pre- 
face, dedicated  to  Lord  Chancellor  Ellesmere,  Dublin,  1615, 
fol.;  Lon.,  1628,  78,  (in  French;)  4th  ed.,  1762,  (in  Eng- 
lish,) Dublin,  Svo.  These  were  the  first  reports  of  Irish 
judgments  which  had  ever  been  made  public  during  the 
■100  years  that  the  laws  of  England  had  existed  in  that 
kingdom.  The  preface  to  these  report?,  which  is  "a  very 
learned  and  eloquent  eulogium"  on  the  Common  Law  of 
England,  and  a  vindication  of  its  professors,  "  vies  with 
Coke  in  solidity  and  learning,  and  equals  Blackstone  ia 
classical  illustration  and  elegant  language." 

In  additiiin  to  the  above-noticed  works,  and  some  Essaya, 
kc.  Sir  John  pub.  an  abridgt.  of  Coke's  Reports,  and  a 
number  of  hisfurical  and  political  tracts.  George  Chal- 
mers pub.  in  1786,  Svo,  an  edit,  of  his  Historical  Tracts; 
the  best  known  of  which  is  A  Discoverie  of  the  Trvo  Cavses 
why  Ireland  was  neuer  entirely  sulidued,  nnr  brought  un- 
der Obedience  to  the  Crowne  of  Engb.nd,  until  the  begin- 
ning of  his  Majesty's  Raigne,  Lon.,  1612,  4to;  Dubl.,  1664, 
'66.  Svo;  1704,  fol.;  Lon.,  1747,  12mo.  It  would  be  diffi- 
cult to  commend  this  performance  too  highly: 

"The  very  best  view  of  the  political  state  of  Ireland  from  the 
reign  of  Henry  IL  to  that  of  Jaines  I." — Bishop  Nicolson. 

*■  A  great  performance:  a  masterly  work,  and  contains  much 
depth  and  extensive  knowledge  in  state  matters  and  settling  of 
countries,  in  a  very  short  compass." — Earl  of  Chatham. 

In  versatility  of  talent,  brilliancy  of  imagination,  po- 
litical wisdom,  and  literary  taste,  few  Englishmen  have 
equalled  Sir  John  Davies. 

Pee  Athen.  0.xon.;  Biog.  Brit. ;  Johnson  and  Chalmers's 
English  Poets,  ISlO;  Life  by  George  Chalmers,  prefixed 
to  his  Tracts;  Warton's  Hist,  of  Eng.  Poetry;  Ellis's  Spe- 
cimens; Marvin's  Legal  Bibl.;  Wallace's  Reporters;  Re- 
trosp.  Review,  v.  44,  1822. 

Davies,  John.  Outinam:— 1.  For  Queene  Elizabeth's 
Securitie.  2.  For  her  Subiects  Prospcritie.  3.  Foragcne- 
rallConformitie.  4.  And  for  England's  Tranquilitie,  Lon., 
1591,  16mo. 

"This  volume  consists  of  a  fulsome  sermonicsl  address  to  the 
people;  an  indecent  prayer  for  the  queen,  Ac.  and  closes  with 
seven  six-line  stanzas  which  are  only  remarkable  for  their  demerit " 
— T.  Fark. 

Davies,  John,  D.D.,  a  native  of  Wales,  studied  at 
Jesus  College  and  Lincoln  College,  Oxford.  Antiqua;  Lin- 
guae Britannicie,  &c.,  Lon..  1592,  fol.  Dictionarium  Lntino- 
Britannicum,  by  T.  Williams;  to  which  is  added  Adagia 
Britannica,  Authorum  Britannicorum  Nomina  et  quando 
floruerunt,  1632,  Parson's  Resolutions  trans,  into  Welsh. 
He  assisted  in  a  version  of  the  Welsh  Bible,  pub.  1620. 

"  This  author  was  esteemed  by  the  academicians  well  vers'd  in 
the  history  and  antiquities  of  his  own  nation,  .-ind  in  the  Greek 
and  Hebrew  languages,  a  most  exact  critic,  an  indefatig.able  searcher 
into  ancient  scripts,  and  well  acquainted  with  curious  and  rare 
authors." — At/teti.  Ojrm. 

Davies,  or  Davis,  John,  "  of  Hereford,"  educated  at 
Oxford,  became  famous  as  a  poet  and  a  writing-master, 
Mr.  Chalmers  supposes  his  Mirum  in  Modum,  a  Glympse  of 
(Jod's  Glorie  and  the  Soule's  Shape,  1602,4to,  to  have  been 
his  earliest  work.  Sold  at  Lloyd's  sale  for  £5  2«.  M. 
Witte's  Pilgrimage,  sine  anno;  Bibl.  Anglo-Poet,  £25; 
Perry  Sale,  £28.  The  Holy  Roode  or  Christ's  Crosse; 
Bibl.  Anglo-Poet.,  £15  15«.  Other  publications.  A  list 
of  hi.^  works  will  be  found  in  Athcn.  Oxon.,  and  in 
Lowndes's  Bibl.  Manual,  and  notices  of  most  of  them  in 
Censura  Literaria,  The  Bibliographer,  and  Restituta. 

'•  Sir  John  Davies  was  more  a  scholar  than  a  lawyer;  but  this 
John  Davies  was  more  a  poet  than  a  scholar,  and  sonit-what  en- 
clined  towards  the  law;  which  hath  made  some  unwary  readers 
take  the  writings  of  one  for  the  other."— JMcn.  Oxvn. 

4Sl 


DAV 


Davies,  John,  1625-1693,  a  native  of  Carmarthen- 
shire, made  many  trans,  from  the  French  into  English. 
We  notice  a  few  of  his  pulilications.  Hist,  of  the  Carril)l>y 
Islands,  fol.,  Lon.,  166rt;  year  of  the  great  fire:  therefore 
this  is  a  rare  work.  Voyages  and  Travels  of  Frederic's 
Ambassadors.  1662,  fol.  Peregrinations,  1669,  fol.  Kites 
and  Monuments  of  Durham,  1672,  8vo. 

Davies,  John.     Answers  to  Papers  on  Free-Trade, 
1641,  4to. 
Davies,  John.     Apoealvpsis,  Lon..  16o8,  12mo. 
Davies,  John,  D.D.,  1679-17.32,  Prebendary  of  Ely, 
was  a  native  of  London,  and  educated  at  Queen's  College, 
Cambridge,  of  which  he  became  Fellow.     He  attained  con- 
siderable reputation  as  a  philologist,     Ma.timi  Tyril  Dis- 
sertationes  Gr.  et  Lat.  ex  interpretationes  Heinsii,  Ac.  1703, 
8vo.     C.  JuIiiCft-saris,  &c.,  Cant.,  1706  et '27,  4to.     De  Na- 
tura  Deorum,  171  S,  Svo.     Other  publications,  1707-27. 
Davies,  John.     Display  of  Herauldry,  1716,  12mo. 
Davies,  John.     Scrms.,  Ac,  1799,  1802,  '05,  '14. 
Davies,  John.  Innkeeper's  Guide,  Leeds,  1806, 12mo. 
Davies,  John.     Cases  resj).  Patents,  Lon.,  1816,  8vo. 
These  Cases  are  held  "  in  high  estimation."     See  Pref.  to 
Phil,  on  Pat. 

Davies,  Rev.  John.  Essay  on  the  0.  and  N.  Test., 
Camb.,  1843,  8vo.  Estimate  of  the  Human  Mind,  Lon., 
Svo  ;  new  ed.,  1847. 

"  A  great  varii-ty  of  topics  of  vast  interest  are  ably  and  eloquently 
discussed." — Lon'.  Omgn-fiational  Mag. 
Cultivation  of  the  Mind,  Lon.,  8vo. 
'■  An  able  Christian  view  of  the  suliject."— Hickersteth. 
*■  Mr.  Davies  is  every  way  qualified  for  the  task  he  has  hero  un- 
dertaken."— Imperial  Mag. 

The  Ordinances  of  Keligion  practically  Dlustrated  and 
Applied,  Lon.,  8vo. 

•'  We  content  ourselves  with  a  hearty  recommend.ttion  of  the 
volume."— inn.  I'lilint.  „      ,      t      r 

Davies,  Joseph.  Increase  of  Home  Trade,  Ac,  Lon., 
1731,  Svo. 

Davies,  Myles,  a  Welsh  divine,  a  native  of  Tre'r- 
Abbot,  Flintshire.  Icon  Libellorum:  or  a  Critical  Hist, 
of  Pamphlets,  Lon.,  1715.  8vo;  this  work  is  included  in 
the  following:  Athena:  Brit.annic»,  or  a  Critical  Hist,  of 
Oxford  and  Cambridge  Writers  and  Writings.  This  work 
is  one  of  the  rarest  in  the  English  tongue.  Mr.  H.  G. 
Bohn's  Cat.  of  1841  contains  the  Icon  Libellorum,  Svo, 
Athena  Britannicffi,  3  vols.  Svo;  and  I  vol.  4to,  1716  ;  vols. 
i.  and  ii.  being  a  Crit.  Hist,  of  Pamphlets.  The  4  vols,  are 
marked  £5  5<!.  In  his  Cat.  for  1848  the  6  vols,  are  marked 
£10  lOs.  The  5  vols,  were  pub.  in  Svo,  1716.  and  one  (vol.4) 
in  4to.  The  six  were  sold  at  the  Bindley  sale  for  £10  lOs. 
See  an  interesting  account  of  Davies  in  Disraeli's  Calami- 
ties of  Authors.  He  pub.  two  theological  treatises  on 
Arianism  and  Romanism. 

Davies,  Richard,  Bishop  of  St.  David's.  Fun.  Serm. 
on  the  Earl  of  Essex.  Lon..  1577,  4to.  Epistle  to  the  Welsh. 
Reprinted,  Oxon.,  1671,  Svo. 

Davies,  Richard.     Chester's  Trivmph  in  honovr  of 

her  Prince.     As  it  was  perfjrmed  vpon  St.  George's  Day 

in  the  foresaid  Citie,  Lon.,  1610,  4to.     Bibl.  Anglo-Poet., 

223,  £25.   Reprinted  in  Nichols's  Progresses  of  K.  James  I. 

Davies,Richard.Convincement.Ae.,Lon.,1710,12mo. 

Davies, Richard, M.D.  Profess., Ac.  treatises,1759,Ac. 

Davies,  Robert,  1770-1836,  a  Welsh  poet,  wrote  a 

Welsh  Grammar,  .and  some  poetical  works  in  Welsh,  which 

are  highly  esteemed. 

Davies, Roser.  Existence  of  a  Divine  Being,1724,8vo. 
Davies,  Samnel.     Serms.,  1768,  '59,  Svo. 
Davies,  Rev.  Samnel,  1724-1761.  a  native  of  New- 
castle. Delaware,  preached  with  great  success  in  Virginia. 
In  1759  he  succeeded  Jonath;in  Edwards  in  the  Presidency 
of  the  College  of  Now  Jersey  at  Princeton.     Mr.  D.  main- 
tained au  exemplary  character  in  all  the  relations  of  life. 
Religion  .and  Patriotism  the  constituents  of  a  good  soldier, 
a  Serm.,  preached  Aug.  17,  1755,  Phila..  1756,  Svo,  pp.  38. 
In  a  note  to  this  discourse,  p.  12,  Mr.  Davies  remarks, 
speaking  of  "martial  spirit:" 

"Asa  remarkable  instance  of  this.  I  may  point  out  to  the  pub- 
lic that  heroic  youth.  Colonel  [afterwards  General]  Washinpton, 
■whom  1  cannot  but  hope  Providence  has  hitherto  preserved  in  so 
signal  a  m.nnner  for  some  important  service  to  his  country."' 

The  Crisis  considered,  with  reference  to  Great  Britain 
and  her  Colonies,  a  Serm.,  Lon.,  1757,  Svo.  This  contains 
some  curious  parliculars  relative  to  the  loss  of  Oswego, 
Eraddock's  Defeat,  Ac  Other  serms.  and  addresses.  See 
Middleton's  Biog.  Evangel. ;  Rice's  Memoirs  of  Davies,  Ac. 
A  collection  of  his  sermons  was  pub.  by  Drs.  Finlcy  and 
Gibbons  of  London,  1767-71,  5  vols.  Svo  ;  later  edits,  in  4 
vols.,  ( Lon.,  1824,)  and  in  3  vols.,  (N.  York,  1849, 1851.)  Mr. 
Davies  excelled  ia 


DAV 

"Animated  and  pathetic  applic.ition.  in  which  he  collects  and 
concentrates  what  he  has  been  proviiiu-in  his  discourses, and  argues 
with  all  the  powers  of  forcible  and  iii.ltiMi.'  p.Tsu.ision  to  the  heart. 
I  most  sincerely  wish  that  youn-  uriiii>ters.  more  especially, 
would  peruse  these  volumes  with  the  dec|K-st  attention  and  serious- 
ness and  endeavour  to  form  their  discourses  according  to  the  mo- 
del of  our  author."— Dr.  Thomas  Glimoss. 

■>  fvani-elical  His  style  and  manner  are  not  .always  good,  but 
being  posthumous,  he  is  less  to  be  blamed.  On  Church  Govern- 
ment he  t.ikes  the  side  of  Dissenters.' —BicKERSTtTH. 

••President  Davies  is  generally  cited  as  the  most  eloquent  Ame- 
rican divine  of  the  past  age.  His  sermons  are  formed  on  the  decla- 
oiatorv  and  French  models,  and  are  direct,  vehement,  often  elo- 
ouent'and  moving  appeals,  but  wanting  accuracy  and  finish 

••  Ilid  til,-  ,<iir..r  been  less  scrupulous,  the  sermons  might  have 
appeind  tc.  mii.h  greater  advantage  as  to  the  method,  proportions, 
&c  'Thev  th..uld  be  read,  not  as  models  of  composition,  but  in 
reference'  to  the  serious  truths  they  contain,  and  the  xivida  vis 
animi  of  the  author."— Dr.  E.  WiLLiiMS.  ,.      ,        ,.  . 

They  abound  with  striking  thoughts,  with  the  beauties  and 

.-'  -  _.__     -_j    ..-;*u    .v..!    -i,.l,uct    im«„iirv  " PeESI- 


elegancies  of  expression,  and  with  the  richest  imagery.^ 
PENT  Allen.  tt    i 

The  edit,  of  Davies's  sermons  pub.  in  New  York,  1851, 
3  vols  Svo,  contains  an  essay  on  the  Life  and  Times  of  the 
Author  by  the  Rev.  Albert  Barnes  of  Philadelphia. 

Davies,  Sneyd,  d.  1769,  wrote  several  of  the  anony- 
mous imitations  of  Horace  in  Duncombc's  edit.,  1767,  and 
see  end  of  vol.  iv.,  and  Poems  in  Dodsley's  and  Nichols  9 
Collection,  and  in  the  Alumni  Etonenscs.  See  account  of 
Davies  in  Nichols's  Literary  Collection. 

Davies,  Thomas.  Serm.  on  Amos  ix.  2,  8vo. 
Davies, Thomas.  Sixteen  Discourses,Lon.,1720,8vo. 
Davies,  Thomas.  Laws  rel.  to  Bankrupts,  1744,  foL 
Davies,  Thomas,  1712?-1785,  studied  at  the  Uni- 
versity of  Edinburgh,  and  became  an  actor  and  bookseller. 
Dr.  Johnson,  who  valued  him  highly,  and  declared  that  he 
was  "le.arned  enough  for  a  clergyman,"  assisted  him  lihe- 
rally  in  his  pecuniary  difficulties.  He  married  Miss  Yar- 
row a  celebrated  beauty,  to  whom  we  shall  refer  presently. 
Life  of  David  Garrick,  Lon.,  1780,  2  vols.  Svo.  New 
(5th)  ed.  by  Stephen  Jones,  1808.  Dramatic  Miscellanies, 
1784  '85,  3  vols.  Svo.  Lives  of  Dr.  John  Eachard,  Sir 
John  Davies,  and  Mr.  Lillo,  prefixed  to  the  eds.  of  their 
works  pub.  by  T.  Davies.  Memoirs  of  Henderson.  Life 
of  Massinger.  Review  of  Lord  Chesterfield's  Character. 
Dramatic  Works  of  George  Lillo,  with  Memoirs  of  the  Au- 
thor, 1810,  2  vols.  18mo.  Interesting  particulars  of  our 
author  will  be  found  in  Bo-swell's  Johnson.  It  was  at  the 
house  of  the  bookseller  that  the  biographer  was  first  intro- 
duced to  the  great  lexicographer.  Who  that  has  ever  read 
BoswcU's  amusing  account  of  this  introduction  can  ever 

°-'  Both  Davies  and  his  wife  (who  has  been  celebrated  for  her 
beautv)  maintained  an  uniform  decency  of  character;  and  John- 
son es'teemed  them,  and  lived  in  as  ea.sy  an  intimacy  with  them  as 
with  any  family  which  he  used  to  visit." 

Churchill's  unmerciful  ridicule  of  Davies's  acting  drove 
him  from  the  stage  : 

••  With  him  came  mighty  Davies: — on  my  Ufa 
That  Davies  has  a  very  pretty  wife! 
Statesman  all  over, — in  plots  famous  grown,-— 
He  mouths  a  sentence  as  curs  mouth  a  bone. 

The  Bosaad. 

This  was  too  much  for  Davies,  and  he  again  tried  book- 
selling as  a  vocation.  If  he  could  not  "act  well  his  part" 
himself,  he  contrived  to  profit  by  the  success  of  a  brother 
actor:  for  his  Life  of  G.arrick  relieved  him  of  the  res  an- 
qustndimi,  and  gave  him  fame  in  the  world  of  letters. 

Davies,  Ma,j.  Gen.  Thomas.  Con.  m  Zoology  and 
Ornithology  to  'Prans.  Linn.  Soc,  1798,  1802. 

Davies,  Thomas  S.  Hutton's  Mathemat,  12th  ed., 
by  Gregory  and  Davies,  Lon.,  1840,  2  vols.  Svo.  Solutions 
of  the  prineip.al  questions  of  Hutton's  Mathemat,  1840,  Svo. 

"The  solutions  exhibit  a  degree  of  simplicity,  ingenuity,  and 
elegance,  rarely  to  be  met  with  in  works  of  this  nature,  —hciso 
Clirnmcle. 

Davies,  Rev.  Walter.  General  View  of  the  Agri- 
cult,  and  Domestic  Economy  of  North  Wales, Lon.. 181  l.Svo. 

"The  report  exhibits  much  sound  information,  and  an  acute 
Judgment  on  everv  point  of  discussion.  It  has  always  been  e^ 
teemed  and  recommended  as  a  source  whence  information  may  ne 
got." — DimaUhan's  Af/rictiU.  liUg. 

Davies,  William.    A  True  Relation  of  his  own  "Tra- 

vailes  and  most  miserable  Captiuitie,  Lon.,  1614,  4to.     Re- 
printed in  the  Oxford  Collection  of  Voyages  and  Travels, 

Davies,  Wm.      Plays  for  a  private  Theatre,  Lon., 

1786,  Svo. 

Davies,  sometimes  Davis,  ?.  r. 

Daviess,  Col.  Joseph  II.,  of  Kentucky,  d-  Jsll- 
View  of  the  President's  Conduct  con.  the  conspiracy  of  18Ut>. 

Daville,  John.     Serm.  on  Ephes.  v.  6,  1745,  Svo. 

Davis.     Welsh  and  Latin  Dictionary,  Lon.,  1632,  loL 


DAV 

A  Catalogue  of  the  most  noted  British  Authors,  <fec.  is  an- 
nexed to  this  volume,  which  is  truly  a  /(7>cr  rnriHsiiints. 

Davis.      Ilosanna  before  the  Bishops.  Lon.,  1642,  4to, 

Davis,  Explanation  aiul  Vindication  of  the  Rubrics 
before  the  New  Office  for  the  Uth  of  June.  Oxf.,  17.S1,  8vo. 

Davis,  Andrew  Jackson,  the  Poughkeepsie  Seer 
and  Clairvoyant,  w.as  born  at  Blooming  (Jrove.  Orange  CO., 
N.  Y..  1.S26.  1.  Nature's  Diviue  Revelations.  p]i.  SflO.  Svo, 
N.Y.  2.  The  Great  Ilarmonia,  6  vols.  12mo;  containing 
Physician,  Teacher,  Seer,  «tc.  3.  Review  of  Dr.  Horace 
Bushnell  on  Supernaturalism.  4.  Philosophy  of  Spiritual 
Intercourse.  8vo.  5.  Philosophy  of  Special  Providences, 
Svo.  6.  Harmonial  Man ;  or,  Thoughts  for  the  Age,  8vo. 
7.  Free  Thoughts  concerning  Religion.  8vo.  8.  Present  Age 
and  Inner  Life.  9.  The  Penetrjilia:  Harmouical  Answers. 
Wo  append  notices  of  two  of  Mr.  Davis's  publications : 

"  We  ctn  re;;ard  this  book  [The  Great  Ilarmonia}  in  no  other 
light  than  as  part  of  a  series  of  systematic  impostures.  The  iuti- 
delity  of  our  d.iy  is  to  a  considerable  extent  combitu-d  with  an 
amazing  degree  of  credulity  and  superstition.  .  .  .  We  have  no 
hesitatiou  in  predicting  that  money  Hill  be  lost  upon  this  volume 
and  the  remainder  of  the  series — either  by  the  publishers  or  by  the 
purchasers — and  we  tbinii  it  would  be  full  as  well  for  the  world  at 
large  that  the  loss  should  fall  upon  the  former." — Ncrton^s  (A'ew 
i'ork)  Litfrary  Gii:etle. 

A  well-known  writer  thus  refers  to  the  Principles  of  Na- 
ture, her  Divine  Revelation,  .and  a  Voice  to  Mankind: 

"Taken  as  a  wbole.  the  Mork  is  a  profound  and  elaborate  discus- 
sion of  the  Philosojihy  of  the  Universe;  and  for  grandeur  of  con- 
ception, soundness  <if  principle,  clearness  of  illustration,  order  of 
arrangement,  and  .  nryclope,ii<-al  ran^'e  of  sulj.'cts,  I  know  of  no 
work  of  any  single  nood  that  will  be;ir  away  IVoin  it  I  lie  palm.  To 
every  theme  the  inililioL'  mind  ;ipprn;iiti,>s  willi  a  certain  latent 
consciousness  of  mastery  of  all  its  piinciplcs.  details,  and  techni- 
calities; and  yet  without  the  least  ostentatious  display  of  superior 
mental  powers." — Professor  ISusu. 

Davis,  Asahel,  b.  1791,  in  M.assachusctt.s.  Ancient 
America  .and  Researches  of  the  E;ist.  .30th  thousand.  1854. 

Davis, Crusoe  R.  Life  and  Adventures  of,  Lon.,  1756. 

Davis,  Daniel,  of  Boston,  1773-1835.  Criminal  Jus- 
tice. Boston,  2d  ed.,  1828.  Svo;  3d  ed,  by  F.  F.  Heiird. 

"A  valuable  manual  of  criminal  law." — Marvin's  Lrgixl  Bibl. 

Precedents  of  Indictments.  Boston,  1831,  8vo. 

Davis,  Daniel,  Jr.  Manual  of  Magnetism,  6th  ed., 
Boston,  1854,  12mo.  One  of  the  best  works  upon  the 
Bubjeet. 

Davis,  David  D.,  M.D.  Trans,  of  Phincl  on  In- 
Banity,  Sheflf.,  1806,  Svo.  Acute  Hydrocephalus,  Lon., 
1840,  Svo. 

"  .K  treatise  eminently  calculated  to  e.Talt  the  high  reputation 
which  already  distinguishes  its  author."— itfm.  Mmith.  Med.  Jiiur., 
Jan.  1.S41.  ' 

Elements  of  Obstetric  Medicine,  Lon.,  4to.  New  ed.  in 
10  Nos.  Svo.  and  70  plates  in  4to,  1842. 

"  We  do  not,  therefore,  hesitate  to  say  that  it  is  a  work  which 
ought  to  be  found  on  the  table  of  every  teacher  and  medical  prac- 
titioner."— EfUn.  Medical  and  SurgicaZ' Magazine,  Jan.  1S42. 

Davis,  Edward,  Surgeon.    Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1747. 

Davis,  Edwin  Hamilton,  b.  1811,  in  Ross  county, 
Ohio  :  appointed  Prof,  of  Materia  Mcdica  and  Therapeu- 
tics in  the  New  York  Medical  College  in  1850.  As  early 
as  1833  he  commenced  his  antiquarian  researches,  the 
results  of  which  have  been  pub.  as  the  1st  vol.  of  the 
Smithsonian  Contrilnitions  to  Knowledge,  entitled:  1. 
Monuments  of  the  Mississippi  Valley,  by  E.  G.  Squier 
and  E.  II.  Davis.  2.  Report  on  the  Statistics  of  Calculous 
Disease  in  Ohio,  1850,  Svo.- 

Davis,  Francis.     A  Catechism,  Lon.,  iai2,  Svo. 

Davis,  George.     Serms.,  1758,  '63,  4to. 

Davis,  Rev.  H.  Exercises  in  Latin,  Lon.,  1844, 12mo. 

Davis,  Henry  W.  The  War  of  Ormuz.d  .and  Ahriman 
in  the  Nineteenth  Century,  Baltimore,  1853,  Svo. 

Davis,  Rev.  Henry  Edwards,  1756-1784,  edu- 
cated at,  and  Fellow  and  Tutor  of,  Baliol  Coll.,  Oxford, 
when  only  twenty-one  pub.  an  examination  of  Giljbon's  15th 
and  16th  chapters  of  the  Decline  and  Fall,  Lon.,  1778,  Svo. 
He  charges  Gibbon  with  misrepresentations  of  authors 
cited  and  with  want  of  accuracy  in  his  statements.  The 
historian  pub.  a  Vindication,  which  Davis  answered  in  A 
Reply  to  Mr.  Giljbon's  Vindication,  1779,  Svo. 

Davis,  Hewlett.  Farming  Essays,  Lon.,  1848,  Svo. 
'•These  essays  are  very  particular  for  sound  practice  and  enlightr 
ened  judgment."— DonaWson's  AgricuU.  Bing. 

Davis,  Hugh.  Do  Jure  Uniforniilatis  Eeelesiastiecc ; 
of  the  rights  belong,  to  an  unif  in  Churches.  Lon.,  1669. 

Davis,  J.  Exposition  of  the  Laws  rel.  to  the  Medical 
Profession,  Lon..  1844,  Svo. 

Davis,  J.  B.,  M.D.  1.  Fever  of  Waleheren,  Lon., 
1810,  Svo.  2.  Hist,  of  Nice,  1807.  3.  Bognor,  1807. 
4.  Asphyxies.  5.  Project.  6.  France,  Ac,  1807,  2  vols. 
12mo. 


DAV 

Davis,  J.  C.  B.     Mass.  Justice,  Worcest.,  1847,  Svo. 
Davis,  Jo.     Minucius  Felix,  cum  Notis  Jo.  Davisii, 

Glasg..  1750,  12mo. 

Davis,  John,  d.  1605,  a  celebrated  navigator,  was  a 
native  of  Saudridge,  Devonshire.  Between  1585  and  '87 
he  made  three  voyages  for  the  discovery  of  a  Northwest 
p.assage.  lie  discovered  the  strait  which  bears  his  name. 
In  1571  he  sailed  with  Cavendish  in  his  voyage  to  the 
South  Sea,  and  subsequently  made  five  voyages  to  the  East 
Indies  as  pilot.  In  the  l.asthe  was  killed  by  the  Japanese 
in  the  Strait  of  Malacca.  A  Traverse  Book  by  J.  D.  in 
1587.  A  Report  of  J.  D.  of  his  three  voyages  made  for 
the  Discovery  of  the  N.  West  Passage.  Pub.  by  Hakluyt. 
The  World's  llydrographieall  Description,  Lon.,  1595,  Svo! 
This  very  rare  vol.  was  pub.  by  Davis  himself.  The  Sea- 
men's Secrefs,  1595,  Svo,  1626  and  1657,  4to.  SeeHakluyt's 
Collection  fd"  Voyages. 

Davis,  John.    News  from  Ireland,  Ac,  Lon.,  1642, 4to. 
Davis,  John.     Theolog.  treatises,  Ac.,  1652,  '55. 
Davis,  John.     Serm.,  1814.  Svo. 
Davis,  John.     Travels  of  four  and  a  half  years  in  the 
U.  States,   1799-1802,   Lon.,   1803,  Svo;  1817.     Contains 
some  interesting  facts  relating  to  Pres.  Jefferson,  Col.  Burr, 
Ac.     He  pub.  some  other  works. 

■•  With  more  sincerity  than  is  usual  among  travellers,  he  states 
that  he  made  his  tour  on  foot,  because  he  could  not  atford  the  ex- 
pense of  a  b..is.'.  ■—;,'„•/,•»  Bibl.  Amrr.  Nm-a. 
Davis,  Sir  John.  See  Davies. 
Davis,  John  A.  G.,  1802-1840.  a  lawyer  and  professor, 
born  m  Middlesex  Co.,  Virginia.  Before  the  age  of  thirty 
"^he  was  appointed  Law-Professor  in  the  University  of 
Virginia,  and  filled  that  chair  for  ten  years  or  longer.  In 
18.'J9  he  pub.  a  valuable  Treatise  on  Criminal  Law,  and 
Guide  to  Justices  of  the  Peace,  pp.  600,  Svo.  For  gratuitous 
circulation,  a  trtict  on  Estates  Tail  Executory  De'vises,  and 
Contingent  Remainders  under  the  Virginia  Statutes  modi- 
fying the  Common  Law;  and  another  tract  against  the 
Conslitution.al  right  of  Congress  to  pass  laws  expressly  and 
especially  for  the  '  Protection'  of  Domestic  Manufactures, 
comb.ating  Mr.  M.adison's  views  upon  that  subject.  In 
Nov.  1840,  Mr.  Davis  w.as  shot  with  a  pistol  by  a  rioting 
student,  whom  he,  in  obedience  to  the  university-laws,  was 
endeavouring  to  arrest.  After  lingering  for  several  days, 
he  died,  leaving  a  widow  .and  seven  children." 

Davis,  John  Ford,  M.D.  Carditis,  Bath,  1808, 12mo. 
Davis,  Sir  John  Francis,  Governor  of  Hong  Kong, 
formerly  Her  British  Majesty's  Chief  Superintendent  in 
China.  1.  The  Chinese:  a  General  Description  of  China 
and  its  inhabitants,  Lon.,  1836,  2  vols.  p.  Svo.  Several 
edits.,  1840,  Ac. 

"  .Mr.  Davis  resided  twenty  years  at  Canton,  where  he  at  length 
rose  to  lie  chiet  of  the  factory;  he  accompanied  Lord  .\mhersfs 
embassy  to  Pekin:  and  be  ranks  as  one  of  the  few  Europeans  who 
have  ever  really  mastered  the  language  and  literature  of  China. 
We  have  a  right,  theiefore,  to  consider  the  statements  which  he 
has  now  submitted  to  the  public  as  containing  as  full  and  correct 
a  view  of  this  singular  people,  of  their  government,  laws,  and  in- 
stitutions—and.  Ill  short,  of  the  whole  frame  of  their  society,  as 
the  many  dimcullies  with  which  the  subject  is  beset  will  permit"— 
L'm.  (^narteelij  K,  ,-ieir. 

"This  is  uii.l.inlitedly  the  best  work  on  China  in  the  English 
languagi-.  •—Mc<  •nllaclis  Lit.  of  J'alit.  Eamomg. 

'■  My  informatiouis  derived  from  .Mr.  Davis's  able  and  lucid  work 
on  China." — DrKE  OF  AVellinotox. 

2.  Chinese  Moral  Maxims,  with  Tr.anslations,  Svo.  3.  Chi- 
nese  Novels,  Svo.  4.  The  Mass.acre  of  Benares;  a  chapter 
from  British  Indian  History,  fp.  Svo. 

"  The  whole  of  this  spirit-stirring  volume  is  well  entitled  to  te- 
rusal.  — Lan.  Literary  Gazette. 

5.  Sketches  of  China,  2  vols.  p.  Svo,  1841  ;  and  new  ed. 
6.  China  during  the  War  and  since  the  Peace,  1852,  2  vols, 
p.  Svo;  now  ed.,  1857,  2  vols.  p.  Svo. 

The  reader  can  perhaps  learn  as  much  of  the  Chinese  from 
these  works  as  from  any  other  volumes  in  the  language. 

Davis,  Joseph.     Last  Legacy,  Lon.,  1707.  i2nio. 

Davis,  Joseph.  Digest  of  Legislative  Enactments 
relating  to  the  Society  of  Friends,  commonly  called  Quakers, 
in  England  ;  with  occasional  Observations  and  Notes,  Lon., 
1820,  8vo;  2.1  ed.,  1849,  r.  Svo. 

Davis,  M.     Thimgbts  on  D.ancing,  1791,  12mo. 

Davis,  M.  S.  Caseof  Rev.  C.Jones,  N.  York.  1813,  Svo. 

Davis,  Mary  Anue.     Fables  in  Verse,  1813,  12mo. 

Davis,  Matthew  L.,  of  New  York,  d.  1850,  aged  84, 
Memoirs  of  Aaron  Burr,  N.  York,  1837,  '38,  2  vols.  Svo. 
Tlie  Private  Journ.al  of  Aaron  Burr,  1S3S,  2  vols.  Svo.  See 
an  obituary  notice  of  Mr.  Davis  in  Littell's  Living  Age, 
xxvi.  217. 

Davis,  Richard.  Auctio  Davisiana  Oxonii  habita, 
per  Gul.  Cooper  A  Ed.  Millington,  Bibliopol.  Lond.,Lon., 
1689,  4to. 

"  An  excellent  Latin  poem." — Wood. 


DAY 


Davis,  Rioharil.     Gospul  Liglit,  Lon.,  12mo. 
Davis,  Richard.   Tbculog.  treatises,  Lon.,  1693-1700. 
Davis,   Richard.     Narrative   of  Facts,   17S9,   8vo. 
General  View  of  the  Agrieult.  of  the  county  of  Oxford, 
Lon.,  179-1,  4to. 

"This  is  a  very  meagre  report,  and  was  but  little  noticed." — 
DonnJdstm^s  Afiricidt.  Bing. 

Davis,  Richard,  1649-1741,  an  Irish  divine.  1.  A 
Letter  to  a  Friend  (who  had  become  a  R.  Catholic)  con- 
cerning his  changing  his  Religion,  Lon.,  1694.  4to.  2.  The 
Truly  Catholic  and  Old  Religion,  showing  that  the  Kst.^- 
blished  Church  in  Ireland  is  more  truly  a  nieinher  of  the 
Catholic  Church  than  the  Church  of  Rome,  and  that  all 
the  ancient  Christians,  especially  in  Great  Britain  and  Ire- 
land, were  of  her  Communion,  Dublin,  1716,  4to.  3.  A 
Letter.  4.  Remarks,  4to.  5.  Serms..  1716,  Svo ;  1717,  4to. 
Davis,  Richard  Bingham,  1771-1799,  h.  in  the  city 
of  New  York,  llis  Poems  were  collected  after  his  death, 
and  puh.  with  a  Memoir  by  John  T.  Irving,  N.  York.  1807. 
Davis,  Thomas.  General  View  of  the  Agricult.  of 
the  County  of  Wilts.  Lon..  1794,  4to;  1811,  8vo. 

Davis,  Thomas.  Poems,  with  an  Introduction  hy 
John  Mitchell,  N.  York,  1856.  18mo. 

Davis,  Thomas  A.  Cosmogony;  or.  The  Mysteries 
of  Creation.  N.  York,  1858.  Svo. 

Davis,  Rev.  W.     The  Believer's  Assurance  of  Salva- 
tion:   Is  it  Attainable?  ISmo. 
Davis,  Wm.     See  Davies. 

Davis,  Wm.  Mathemat.  treatises,  Lon..  1798-1813. 
Davis,  Wm.  An  Olio  of  Bibliogr.apbical  and  Literary 
Anecdotes,  Lon.,  1814.  12mo;  and  Memoranda  original 
and  selected.  A  new  edit,  has  been  pub.  A  Journey  round 
the  Library  of  a  Bibliomaniac;  or  Cento  of  Notes  and 
Reminiscences  concerning  rare,  curious,  and  valuable 
Books,  1821,  sm.  8vo.  A  Second  Journey  round  the  Li- 
brary of  a  Bibliomaniac,  1825,  sm.  Svo. 

Davis,  Wm.  The  Acts  of  Congress  in  relation  to  the 
District  of  Columbia  from  July,  1790,  to  March,  1831,  &c., 
Wash.,  1831,  Svo. 

Davis,  Wm.     Theolog.  treatises,  Lon.,  1839,  Ac. 
Davison.     Letter  to  Bowles;  10  Letters,  1803;  refer- 
ring to  the  Nottingham  Election. 

Davison,  Alex.  Obs.  on  the  Report  of  the  Committee 
on  Military  Inquiry,  1807,  Svo. 

Davison,  D.,  M.D.  Trans,  of  F.  C.  Schlosser's  Hist, 
of  the  ISth  Century,  and  of  the  19th  till  the  Overthrow  of 
the  French  Empire,  with  particular  reference  to  Mental 
Cultivation  and  Progress,  Lon.,  1S43-52,  S  vols.  Svo.  This 
work  has  been  trans,  into  French  and  Dutch  also. 

"Sehlosser  is.  as  an  historian,  second  to  none  of  his  contempora- 
ries. We  possess  in  En^'land  no  writer  between  whom  and  him- 
self it  would  not  be  mere  irony  to  institute  any  comparison.  Ranke 
amonj;  German  and  Thierry  among  French  historians  may  enter 
the  lists  with  him.  In  the  deplh  and  variety  of  his  attainments, 
and  the  range  and  compass  of  his  view,  he  is  superior  to  them,  and 
among  modern  writers,  quite  unrivalled.'* — Wi-stminsUr  Bfi-iew. 

Davison,  Francis,  sonof  Wm.  Davison,  an  eminent 
statesman  irntp.  Elizabeth.  Poetical  Rhapsody.  Lon., 
1602,  '08,  '11.  '21.  With  a  Preface  by  Sir  E.  Brydges, 
1814-17,  3  vols.  Svo.  With  Memoirs  and  Notes  by  H.  H. 
Nichcdas,  1826.  cr.  Svo ;  250  copie.i  printed,  best  ed.  This 
excellent  collection  contains  poems  by  Francis  and  Walter 
Davidson,  Sir  John  Davies,  Sir  Philip  Sydney,  Sir  Walter 
Raleigh,  the  Countess  of  Pembroke,  Spenser,  Sir  H.  Wot- 
ton,  Donne,  (ireene.  and  others. 

"  liow  .say  you.  reader?  Is  not  the  above  a  glorious  pageant  of 
poets?  Does  not  the  mere  enumeration  of  them  beget  in  thee  a 
longing  to  explore  the  p-ages  which  contain  their  bright  thoughts 
and  tuneful  lines?" 

Davison,  H.,  and  Merivalo,  H.     Reports  in  the 
Q.  B.  and  upon  Writs  of  Error.ic.lS  l.'i.'44,Lon..l.S44,r.  Svo. 
Davison,  Ililkiah.     Scrm.,  Lon.,  1720.  Svo. 
Davison,  John.     Dr.  Bancrofts  Rashness  in  rayling 
against  the  Cli.  of  Scot,  noted.  Edin.,  1590,  16uio. 
Davison,  John.     Algebra,  Lon..  1789.  Svo. 
Davison,  John,  1777-1834.  Prebendary  of  Worcester. 
Discourses  on  Prophecy.  Lon.,  1824,  Svo  ;  6th  ed.,Oxf.,1845. 
'•  While  the  student  is  carried  forward  by  the  interest  of  critical 
research,  and  his  understanding  enlightened  by  the  wide  and  clear 
views  opened  to  him.  his  piety  will  not  fail  to  be  warmed,  his  faith 
strengtheui'd,  and  his  best  affections  exalted  and  improved."— 
British  Critic. 

"Some  useful  remarks  in  this  work,  with  much  deep,  serious, 
and  origin.al  thinking." — Bickersteth's  Christian  Stminit. 

Primitive  Sacrifice,  1825,  Svo.     Baptismal  Regeneration, 
1844,  Svo.     Remains,  and  Occasional  Publications,  Oxf., 
1840.  Svo. 
Davison,  Thomas.     Serm.,  1683,  'SS.  4to. 
Davison, Wm., M.D.   Med.  and  chem.  works.  1633-60. 
Davisson,  John.     Prot.  Minister's  Mission,  1721. 


DAV 

Davors,  Jo,  Secrets  of  Angling,  by  J.  D.,  supposed 
to  be  the  above,  Lon.,  1613.  12mo.  Augmented  by  Wm. 
Lauson,  Lon.,  1652.  In  Cen.s.  Lit,,  1811.  and  in  1812,  Svo. 
This  rare  work  is  also  ascribed  to  Davies,  Donne,  and 
Dennys.     Sec  Blakey's  Lit.  of  Angling,  1S56,  311. 

Davy,  Charles.     Trans,  of  Baurifs  Journey  to  the 

Glaciers  in  Savoy,  Norw.,  1775,  Svo:  in  conjunction  with  F. 

Davy.   Letters  upon  Subjects  of  Lit.,  Lon.,  1789,  2  vols.  Svo. 

College  Terms,  3d  ed.,  1S24,  4  vols.  12mo ;  1S45,  2  vols. 

12in(i.    "lluth;  an  Oratorio.     Balaam;  an  Oratorio. 

Davy,  Chris.  Architectural  Precedents,  Lon.,  1840, 
Svo.     Artificiiil  Foundations,  1841,  Svo. 

'■  A  sort  of  Chamber  Council  to  be  consulted  with  advantage  by 
all  practical  men." — Lon.  Mechanics'  Sh'g. 

Commended  by  the  Civil  Engineer's  Jour.,  The  Atlas.  &c. 
Davy,  Edm.     Chem.  con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1817.     Phih 
M.ag..  1817. 

Davy,  Henry.  Views  of  Gentlemen's  Seats.  Archi- 
tectural Antiq.  of  Suffolk.  1827-46. 

Davy,  Henry.  Landing  of  Rebels.  Lon.,  1643,  4to. 
Davy,  Sir  Humphry,  Bart,,  1778-1829,  was  a  na- 
tive of  Penz.ance.  Cornwall.  After  serving  an  apprentice- 
ship to  a  surgeon  and  apothecary,  he  became,  at  the  age  of 
20.  assistant  to  Dr.  Beddoes  in  the  Pneumatic  Institution 
at  Bristol.  In  1799  Dr.  Beddoes  pub.  a  work  entitled  Con- 
tributions to  Physical  and  Medical  Knowledge,  principally 
from  the  West  of  England.  To  this  collection  young  Davy 
contributed  Essays  on  Heat,  Light,  Respiration.  Gas,  and 
Colours.  In  1803  he  became  a  Fellow  of  the  Royal  So- 
ciety, in  1806  Secretary,  and  in  1820  President,  of  that 
distinguished  body.  In  1812  he  was  married  to  Mrs. 
Apreece.  a  lady  of  large  fortune.  In  1815-17  he  contri- 
buted to  Phil.  Trans,  the  celebrated  papers  on  the  Miner's 
Safety  Lamp,  for  which  useful  invention  the  coal  proprie- 
tors of  the  district  of  the  Tyne  and  Wear  presented  him 
with  a  service  of  plate  worth  £2000.  In  1818,  '19,  he  tra- 
velled in  Italy,  zealously  pursuing  his  scientific  investiga- 
tions, and  during  his  absence  was  created  a  baronet.  Ho 
again  travelled  on  the  Continent  in  1827,  hoping  to  benefit 
his  impaired  health,  but  he  experienced  only  temporary 
relief,  and  died  of  apoplexy  at  Geneva  in  1829.  For  an 
account  of  the  brilliant  discoveries  of  this  distinguished 
benefactor  to  science,  we  must  refer  the  reader  to  the  bio- 
graphies by  his  brother.  Dr.  John  D.avy,  and  Dr.  Paris.  In 
additions  to  Six  Discourses  delivered  before  the  Roy.il  So- 
ciety at  their  Anniversary  Meetings,  he  was  the  author  of 
more  than  fifty  Treatises  and  Lectures  upon  subjects  of 
scientific  investigation.  He  was  also  a  poet  as  well  as  a 
philosopher,  and  his  powers  as  an  essayist  are  displayed  to 

,..,..„*      ...]....  Tit„  rrn     5  r,      lilc    P  |-.T1  cnl  1,  t  i  ,,11 0    oC    Tmvpl.     HT\(\     liftVS 


great  advantage  in  his  Consolations  of  Travel,  and  Days 
of  Fly  Fishing. 

'■  Had  not  Davv  been  the  first  chemist,"  remarked  Coleridge  to 
Mr.  I'oole,  ■'  he  probably  would  have  been  the  first  pot't  of  his  age."' 
"Who  that  has  re;id  his  sul'lime  quatraius  on  the  doctrine  of 
Spinoza  can  duubt  that  he  might  have  united,  if  he  had  pleased, 
in  some  great  didactic  poem,  the  vigorous  ratiocination  of  Dryden, 
and  the  moral  majesty  of  Wordsworth." — Lockhart. 

Salmonia,  or  Days  of  Fly-Fishing.  By  an  Angler,  Lon., 
1S28,  12mo;  4th  ed.,  1851,  fp.  Svo. 

"We  are  informed  in  the  pretace,  th.at  many  months  of  severe 
and  dangerous  illness  have  been  partially  occupied  and  amused 
by  the  prcsiul  tre:itise.  when  the  author  was  incapable  of  attending 
to  iiii'rc  us,  tul  stiidii  s  ur  more  serious  pursuits.  While  we  regret 
that  the  ,uniiit  of  Micutilic  investigation,  which  has  led  to  such 
brilliant  results,  should  be,  for  a  moment,  interrupted,  we  have  heie 
an  example,  and  a  pleasing  one.  that  the  lightest  pursuits  of  such 
anmnasourangler— nay,  the  productions  of  those  languid  hours, 
in  which  lassitude  succeeds  to  pain,  are  more  interesting  and  in- 
structive than  the  exertion  of  the  talents  of  others  whose  mind 
and  body  are  in  the  fullest  vigour— illustrating  the  scriptural  ex- 
pression that  the  gleaning  of  the  grapes  of  Kphraim  are  better 
than  the  vintage  of  Abiezer." — Lon.  Quar.  Bcvtew,  xxxviii.  603. 

"This  is  a  book  on  a  very  delightful  subject,  by  a  very  distin- 
guished man.  But  although  it  is  occasionally  rather  a  plea.sant 
book  than  otherwise,  it  is  not  by  any  means  worthy  either  of  the 
subject  or  the  man — the  one  being  Angling,  and  the  other  Sir 
Iluiuphry  Tavy." — Prof.  Wilson:  Blackwofxl's  Mag.,  xxiv.  S4S. 
Read  this  very  amusing  review. 

"  We  have  been  greatly  delighted  with  this  work."— £o7!.  Monthly 
Rerivw. 

"  The  work  is  of  a  very  superior  character,  elaborately  written, 
full  of  most  ingenious  thoughts,  with  some  passages  of  a  great 
beauty." — Asiatic  Jimrnal. 

Consolations  in  Travel,  or  the  Last  Days  of  a  Philosopher, 
Lon.,  1S30,  Svo:  5th  ed.,  IS51,  fp.  Svo! 

"  Sir  H.  Davy  has  in  this  little  work  built  up  for  himself  a  monu- 
ment, which  indicates  not.  indeed,  the  extent  and  the  vast  advan- 
tages of  his  scientific  research,  but  which  exhibits  the  far  more 
interesting  portrait  of  a  man  who  holds  in  adequate  estimation 
the  blessings  of  religion,  and  who  endeavours  to  sustain  it  by  the 
suffrage  of  science— science  so  often  a  truant  to  this,  the  most  im- 
portant interest  of  mankind." — I-au.  Monthly  Review. 

•■  Ap:irt  from  the  scientific  value  of  the  laljours  and  researches 
of  Sir  U.  Davy,  they  are  pervaded  by  a  tone  and  temper,  and  an 


DAV 


DAW 


enthiisinstic  Inve  of  nature,  which  are  as  atlmirably  expressed  as 
their  intluouce  is  excellent.'' 

Eluinents  of  Agricultural  Chemistry,  in  a  Course  of  Lec- 
tures to  the  Boani  of  Agriculture.  Lon..  ISIH,  Uu  :  6th  ed., 
revised  by  John  Davy,  M.D.,  1839,  Svo.  By  Shier,  1840; 
new  ed.,  1850. 

■' ^;^nl^ideli^g  the  ten  years  of  research  and  niedifation  which 
the  aiiilior  has  bestowed  on  the  sulject.  its  execution  has.  on  the 
\\  Imli-,  lalk-n  short  of  our  expectations." — EiJin.  Jitvieiv.  xxii.  '2S0. 

Kcnd  this  review;  also  one  in  the  Lon.  Quar.  Rev.,xi.  313. 

"The  book  enjoyed  some  little  populaiify;  but  scarcely  added 
any  thing  to  our  previous  stor-k  <if  knowIfd'_'e.  It  was  hailed  as  a 
grand  beginning;  but  nearly  half  a  century  has  not  shown  any 
advancement.  And  this  deficiency  may  not  be  owinp  to  any  lack 
of  exeition.  or  remissness  in  using  and  connecting  the  kumvledtre 
that  exists  on  both  sides;  but  from  the  impossible  nature  of  the 
eiiiplo\  inent  that  has  been  projected.  AgricuUureand  chemistry 
arn  cuiinected  in  the  single  article  of  manures  only:  the  other  uses 
are  very  widely  dillerent.'* — Dojiafdsoti^s  Jgricult.  BiCg. 

A  cuUective  edition  of  Sir  Humphry's  Works,  with  his 
Life,  was  pub.,  Lou.,  1839-40.  9  vols.  8vo,  by  his  brother. 
Dr.  John  Davy.  Contents:  Vol.  L  Life.  IL  Early  Mis- 
cellaneous Papers.  1799-1805.  III.  iiesearches  concern- 
ing Nitrous  Oxide,  &c.  IV.  Elements  of  Chemical  Phi- 
losophy. V.  Bakerian  Lectures.  VI.  Miscellaneous  Papers 
and  Researches,  1815-28.  VIL,  VIII.  Agricultural  Lec- 
tures.    IX.  Salmonia;  Consolations  of  Travel. 

•'This  collection,  from  its  variety  and  interest,  promises  to  bo 
one  of  the  most  valuable  repultlicalions  of  our  time.'" — Lon.  Spect. 

Dr.  Davy's  Memoir  of  his  brother  is  commended  as 

"A  worthy  record  of  the  life  of  our  great  phiIoso|jher,  and 
should  be  studied  by  the  youtli  of  England,  that  they  may  know 
how  nii^hly  a  power  resides  in  the  miud  to  conquer  difficulties.' — 
Brit<niina. 

'This  biography  is  admiralily  written — correct  details,  full  of 
instruction,  and  amusing  throughout.'' — Lon.  Ji'' view. 

Dr.  Paris's  Life  of  the  philosopher,  Lon.,  2  vols.  8vo,  has 
been  characterized  as 

"  A  durable  monument  to  the  memory  of  Sir  Humphry  Davy, 
and  to  the  talents  of  Dr.  Pnri'J," — Lrm..  Grnl.  Mag. 

*"  No  one  who  reads  this  book,  and  studies  the  processes  by  which 
Davy  arrived  at  his  grand  results,  will  hesitate  to  place  him  in  the 
rank  of  immortal  genius." — Spectator. 

It  would  be  difficult  to  exaggerate  the  value  of  Sir  Hum- 
phry's contributions  to  science.  Whilst  yet  but  a  youth, 
officiating  as  assistant  to  Dr.  Beddoes, 

"  lie  discovered  the  remarkable  action  of  nitrous  oxide,  or  laugh- 
ing gas,  on  the  system,  and  thus  paved  the  way  to  the  application 
of  those  means  now  in  use  for  alleviating  pain  in  severe  opera- 
tions. .  .  .  lu  ISOti  he  made  the  important  discovery  that  the  com- 
binations and  decompositions  by  electi-irity  are  referable  to  the 
law  of  electrical  attractions  and  repulsions,  and  thus  demonstrated 
the  intimate  connection  between  electricity  and  chemistry.  His 
most  brilliant  discovery  was,  however,  that  of,  in  1S07.  the  compo- 
sition of  the  alkalies,  which  he  proved  to  be  combinations  of  oxy- 
gen with  metals.  In  1810  he  found  chlorine  to  be  a  simple  body, 
in  accordance  with  the  view  of  Scheele,  announced  in  the  previous 
century.  His  other  discoveries  were  that  of  the  Safety  Lamp,  ex- 
hibiting a  fine  example  of  inductive  reasoning;  and  his  mode  of 
preventing  the  corrosion  of  copp'-r  slu-athitig  by  the  protecting  in- 
fluence of  zinc." — R.  DutTDAS  Thumson,  M.D.,  Ac,  Prof. of  C/teviis- 
try,  St.  'rJioinas's  HnspHal  Colhge,  London. 

'*  Since  the  age  of  Sir  Isaac  Newton,  the  History  of  British 
Science  has  recorded  no  discoveries  of  equ-al  import,ance  with 
those  of  Sir  Humphry  Davy.  The  resrarches  of  Black.  I'riestlcy, 
and  Cavendish,  however  important  in  Ib.-ir  results,  were  less  biil- 
liant  in  their  generalizations,  less  stiikin^'  in  their  individual  phe- 
nomena, less  indicative  of  iuvfutive  talent,  and  less  fruitful  in 
their  practical  applications.  In  placing  Sir  Humphry  Davy,  there- 
fore, at  the  head  of  the  British  Chemists,  we  cannot  anticipate 
an  appeal  from  our  decision; — and  if  any  dissenting  voice  shall 
be  raised,  it  will  proceed  only  from  the  sinT.d  rcci-sses  of  personal 
esteem  or  family  atTection." — E'linburijh  Rrri.w.  Ixiii.  101. 

"  Davy  was  the  greatest  chemical  genius  that  ever  appeared." — 

M.  DCMAS. 

"Mr.  Davy,  not  yet  thirty-two  years  of  age,  occupied,  in  the 
opinion  of  all  that  could  judge  of  such  labours,  the  first  rank 
among  the  chemists  of  this  or  of  any  other  age;  it  remained  for 
him,  by  direct  service  rendered  to  society,  to  acquire  a  similar  de- 
gree of  reputation  in  the  minds  of  the  general  public." — Cuvicr's 
Eloge  of  Sir  H  Davi/. 

Davy,  John*  Serm.  on  the  death  of  Prince  George, 
17  OS. 

Davy,  John,  M.D..  brother  of  iSir  Humphry.  Ac- 
count of  the  Interior  of  Ceylon,  Lon..  1S21,  4to. 

'■This  is  an  excellent  work,  though  like  many  other  works  of 
excellence,  too  bulky;  its  chief  and  peculiar  merit  and  recom- 
mendation consists  in  its  details  on  the  natural  history  of  Cey- 
lon."— Steven.<;on's  Voyagfx  and  Trantx. 

Researches,  Physiological  and  Anatomical,  1.S39,  2  vols. 
Svo.  Notes  and  Observations  on  the  Ionian  Islands  and 
Malta,  Ac,  1842,  2  vols.  8vo. 

"  Dr.  Davy's  work  deserves  to  be  bought  as  well  as  ijerused,  so 
carefully,  completely,  and  extensively  has  it  been  got  up.  We 
trust  th.at  the  consciousness  of  having  discharged  such  an  import- 
ant duty  will  not  be  the  only  result  of  his  long  labour,  but  that 
the  work  will  prove  as  remunerative  as  it  ought  to  be." — Wfistmin- 
eter  I^Fview. 

Lectures  on  the  Study  of  Chemistry,  in  Connection  veith 


the  Atmosphere,  the  Earth,  and  the  Ocean;  and  Discourses 
oD  Agriculture,  18-19,  12mo. 

"  We  have  great  pleasure  in  recommending  this  volume  as  an 
excellent  popular  introduction  to  chemical  studies." — Lon.  Medi- 
cal Giuftle. 

For  notices  of  Dr.  Davy's  Memoirs  of  his  distinguished 
brother,  edit,  of  his  works,  Ac,  see  preceding  article. 

Davy,  John,  d.  1824,  a  musical  composer.  v?rote  some 
dramatic  compositions.  His  best-known  song  is — Just  like 
L<tve  is  yonder  Rose. 

Davy,  Mirhael.     Tale  of  a  Tub,  Lon.,  1674,  fol. 

Davy,  Wni,,  d.  1826,  curate  of  Lustleigh,  Ac.  Sys- 
tem of  Divinity,  Exeter,  1785,  6  vols.  12mo;  1825,  2  vols. 
8vo;  1827,  3  vols.  Svo.  System  of  Divinity,  Lustleigh, 
17116-1807,  26  vols.  Svo  ;  14  copies  only,  which  were  printed 
and  bound  by  the  author  himself.  Highly  commended  by 
the  Bishops  of  London,  Durham,  Bristol,  and  Norwich. 

"  In  persevering  industry,  you  are  without  a  rival.  In  theologi- 
cal knowledge  there  are  not  many  who  e'jual  you,  and  the  selec- 
tions and  arrangement  of  your  work  appear  to  me  judicious." — 
Bp.  of  Aorwich,  in  a  Letter  to  Bev.  W.  Davy. 

Davyes,  Hatton.     Serm.  on  Ephes.  iv.  14,  1708,  4to. 

Davyes,  Thomas.  The  Tenth  Worthy,  or  several 
Anagrams  on  the  name  of  that  Worthy  of  Worthies,  Oli- 
ver Cromwell,  1G58.  fol. 

Davys,  Sir  John.     See  Daties. 

Davys,  John.     Art  of  Decyphering,  1737,  4to. 

Davys,  Mrs.  Mary.  Works;  consisting  of  Plays,  No- 
vels, Poems,  and  Familiar  Letters,  Lon.,  1726,  2  vols.  8vo. 

*'  She  was  a  correspondent  of  Dean  Swift:  and  thirty-six  letters 
from  him  to  her  and  her  husband  were,  a  few  years  ago,  in  the 
hands  of  Dr.  Ewen  of  Cambridge." — Bi' g.Dramat.  ., 

Dawbeny,  H,  Ilistorie,  Ac,  rel.  to  Cromwell,  1659, Svo. 

Dawborn,  Mrs.     1.  Nursing.     2.  Assistant,  1805,  "06. 

Dawc,  Georg:e,  d.  1829,  an  English  painter,  of  whom 
some  account  will  be  found  in  the  Essays  of  Charles  Lamb. 
The  Life  of  George  Morlandj  with  Remarks  on  his  Works, 
1807,  Svo. 

Dau'c's,  Jack,  Prognostication  for  the  Year  1623, 
or  Vox  (Jraculi,  4to.  This  rare  pamphlet  was  sold  for 
£5  9«.  at  the  Gordonstouu  sale. 

Dawes.     Four  Sernis.,  1773.  Svo. 

Dawes,  John.     Admeasurement,  1797,  12mo. 

Dawes,  Lancelot,  1580-1633.     Serms..  1614-33. 

Dawes,  M.     8erms.,  1763.    Phil.  Consideration.s,  17S0. 

Dawes,  Matt.  Crimes  and  Punishments,  Lou.,  1782. 
Real  Estates,  1814.  Landed  Property,  1S18.  Arrests, 
1787.     Other  works. 

Dawes,  Richard,  1708-1766,  was  educated  at,  and 
became  Fellow  of,  Emanuel  College,  Cambridge.  He  was 
eminent  for  his  critical  knowledge  of  the  Greek  tongue, 
which  proficiency  he  perhaps  over-estimated.  He  seems 
to  have  been  jealous  of  Dr.  Bentley,  and  was  guilty  of  the 
absurdity  of  declaring  that  the  doctor 

"  Nihil  in  Gracis  cognovisse  nisi  ex  indicibus  petititum." 

In  1745  Dawes  pub.  his  Miscellanea  Critica,  Cambridge, 
Svo ;  new  edit,  by  Bishop  Burgess,  Oxon.,  1781 ;  by  Kidd, 
Cantab.,  1817. 

"  Second  only  to  Bentley's  Phalaris." — Porson. 

"  A  work  displaying  considerable  ingenuity  and  erudition." — 
Lon.  Quar.  Bw. 

Abroad  it  was  highly  commended  by  Valkener,  Pierson, 
Koen,  and  Reiskc.  There  is  no  doubt  of  the  ^alue  of  this 
work,  especially  with  the  improvements  of  the  latter  edits.; 
but  the  authority  of  Dawes  is  by  no  means  so  great  as  it 
was  for  some  twenty  years  after  the  publication  of  his 
canons.  He  has  been  proved  to  be  often  wrong,  and  an 
erring  dogmatist  meets  with  but  little  mercy. 

Daw'es,  Rufus,  b.  1803,  in  Boston,  is  the  son  of  Judge 
Thomas  Dawes,  whose  name  is  enrolled  among  the  poets 
of  America.  In  1830  Rufus  Dawes  pub.  The  Valley  of  the 
Nashaway  and  other  Poems,  aud  in  1839  Atbenia  of  Da- 
mascus, Geraldine,  and  his  miscellaneous  poetical  works. 
Nix's  Mate,  an  historical  romance,  appeared  in  1840.  For 
.'Specimens  of  Mr.  Dawes's  poetry,  see  Griswold's  Poets  aud 
Poetry  of  America. 

Dawes,  Sir  Thos.     Title  to  certain  Lands,  1654,  fol. 

Dawe.s,  Thomas,  1757-1825.  father  of  Rutus  Dawes, 
was  Judge  of  the  Municipal  Court  of  Boston,  and  Judge 
of  Probate.  He  pub.  some  poetical  compositions — see 
KettcU's  Specimens  of  American  Poetry — an  Oration  on  the 
Boston  Massacre,  and  an  Oration  on  the  4th  of  July,  1787. 

Dawes,  Wni,  Disp.  Med.  de  Variolis,  Lyons.  1680, 4to. 

Dawes,  Sir  Wm.,  1671-1724,  a  native  of  Essex,  was 
educated  at  St.  John's  College,  Oxford,  and  Catherine  Hall, 
Cambridge;  Master  of  Catherine  Hall,  1696;  Bishop  of 
Chester,  1707;  Archbishop  of  York,  1714.  An  Anatomy 
of  Atheism;  a  Poem.  Lon..  1693,  4to.  Serms.  pub.  sepa- 
rately, 1707-13.     Whole  Works,  with  a  Life,  1733,  3  vols. 

iS5 


DAW 

8vo.     Sir  Win.  was  one  of  the  most  popular  preachers  of 
his  day. 

"  Dawes's  sermoDS  are  plain  and  unaffected,  and  adapted  to 
eTery  compreht-nsion." — Will/ord's  Memnrials. 

Dawkes,  Thomas.     Medical  treatises,  173G,  '44,  '47- 

Dawne,  Derby,  M.D.  Health;  a  Poem,Lon.,1724,8vo. 

Dawuey,  Benj.  Crit.  Remarks  upon  the  Epistles, 
York,  17o5,  8vo.     See  Hume's  Bibl.  Bib. 

Dawson*     Paruch.  Clergyman's  Duty,  1716,  Svo. 

Dawsou.     Appeitl  in  defence  of  Christianity,  1733. 

Dawson,  Rev.  Abraham.  Trans,  of  portions  of 
Genesis,  1763,  '72,  '86,  4to. 

"  In  some  passages  he  improves  upon  the  common  translation; 
but  on  the  whole  his  woiUs  add  nothin^j;  of  great  importance  to 
our  biblical  apparatus." — Orme's  Bibl.  Bib. 

Dawson,  Ambrose,  M.D.     Profess,  works,  1744-78. 

Dawson,  Benj.,  Rector  of  Burgh,  d.  1814,  aged  85. 
He  pub.  some  works  on  the  "  Confessional  Controversy," 
and  other  treati;?es,  sermons,  Ac.,  1767-1806.  The  Neces- 
sitarian, 17S3,  Svo.  Now  very  rare.  Philologia  Aiiglicaj 
or  a  philological  and  synonymical  Dictionary  of  the  Eng- 
lish Language,  Lon.,  1806,  4to. 

"  A  Tery  operose  specimen  of  what  may  be  termed  an  annotated 
edition  of  Dr.  Johnson's  Dictionary.  The  design  is  to  strike  out 
the  superfluities  of  Johnson,  to  correct  his  errors,  to  amend  his 
definitions,  to  vary  his  examples,  and  to  supply  his  omissions." — 
Dr.  Drake. 

Dawson,  Birket.     Serm.,  1802,  Svo. 

Dawson,  Charles.  Analysis  of  Musical  Composi- 
tion. Lon.,  1845,  12mo.     Elements  of  Music,  1844,  12mo. 

'•  Teachers  of  music  will  find  a  library  of  useful  knowledge  in 
Mr.  Dawson's  well-digested  compendium;  and  we  heartily  recom- 
mend it  as  a  class-book  to  all  engaged  in  the  task  of  musical  in- 
struction."— MusicAtl  RevifV},  April  13,  1844. 

Dawson,  Eli.     Serm.,  1760.  4to. 
Dawson,  G.  Pearson,  M.D.     Walcheron  Diseases, 
1810.     A  Nosological  Practice  of  Physic,  Lon.,  Svo. 

"This  volume  contain.s,  we  will  ventui-e  to  say.  more  correct 
pathology  and  sound  practice  than  any  systematic  work  of  the  same 
Bize  in  the  English  hinguage." — Johnson'sMcd.-Chirurg.  Review. 

Dawson,  George.  OrigoLegum;  or  a  Treatise  of  the 
Origin  of  Laws,  and  their  obliging  power,  Lon.  1694,  fol. 
DaAVSon,  Rev.  George,  b.  1821,  in  London,  has  be- 
come distinguished  as  a  literary  lecturer.     Several  articles  , 
which  appeared  in  the  Birmingham  Mercury  were  attri- 
buted to  his  pen.      See     Uilfillan's     Second  Gallery  of 
Literary  Portraits. 
Dawson,  Henry.     Serm.,  1777,  12mo. 
Dawson,  J.  II.     Law  rel.  to  Attornics.  Ac,  Lon.,  1830. 
Dawson,  John.     Eighteen  Serms.,  Lon.,  1642,  4to, 
Dawson,  John.     Small  Pox.  &.C.,  1781,  '85. 
Dawson,  John.     Serm..  1791,  Svo. 
Dawsou,  John.      Lexicon    Novi    Testamcnti,  Lon., 
1709,  Svo.     Also  pub.  in  Greek  and  English  by  AV,  C.  Tay- 
lor, 1831,  Svo. 

Dawson,John,1734-1820,an  eminent  mathematician, 
had  controversies  with  Emerson,  Stewart,  and  Wildbore. 

Dawson,  Thos.  The  Good  Husiuve's  JeweU.  In  two 
parts,  Lon.,  1596,  "97,  16uio. 

Dawson,  Thomas.    Memoirs  of  St.  George,  the  Eng- 
lish Patron  ;  and  of  the  Order  of  the  Garter,  Lon.,  1714,  Svo. 
Dawson,  Thomas.     Dissertations  on  Biblical  Sub- 
jects. Lon.,  1727,  Svo. 
'■  It  is  not  a  book  of  much  importance." — Ormc^s  Bihl.  Bib. 
Dawson,  Thomas,  M.D.  Profess,  treatises.  1744,  '82. 
Dawson,  W.  C.     Laws  of  Georgia,  1831,  4to. 
Dawson,  Wm.     Serm.  on  Phik  iv.  13,  Svo. 
Dawson,  Wm,     Atheist;  a  Phil.  Poem,  1723,  4to. 
Dawson,  Wm.     Poetry  of  Nations.  1814,  Svo. 
Dax,  Thomas.     Offices  of  the  Masters,  Lon.,  1844, 
12mo.     Other  legal  treatises. 

Day.     Report  for  Committee  of  Survey  IT.  Commons, 
and  a  Charge  to  the  Grand  Jury  of  the  county  of  Dublin. 
Day,  Angel.     English  Secretorie,  Lon.,  1586,  4to. 
Day,  Charles  W«     Five  Years  in  the  West  Indies, 
Lon.,  2  vols. 

■•  It  would  be  unjust  to  deny  the  vigour,  brilliancy,  and  varied 
ioterest  of  this  work,  the  abundant  stores  of  anecdote  and  inte- 
rest, and  the  copious  detail  of  local  habits  and  peculiarities  in  each 
island  visited  in  succession." — Lon.  Globe. 

Day,  G.  E.  Diseases  of  Old  Age,  Ac,  Lon.,  1843,  Svo. 
Amer.  ed.,  Phil.,  1849,  Svo. 

Day,  Harry.     Stock  Companies,  1808,  Svo. 
Day,  Henry.     Serm.,  1696.  4to. 
Day,  Henry  N".,  b.  1808,  in  Connecticut,  grad.  at  Tale 
College,  1828 ;  Prof,  of  Rhetoric  at  Western  Reserve  Col- 
lege, 1840.    Art  of  Elocution.    Art  of  Rhetoric,  1850, 12rao. 
"  I  am  now  usinf;:  It.  with  vi-ry  [;rrat  sjitisfiiction.  in  the  instruc- 
tion of  my  classes." — John  W.  I'ratt,  Pr'f.  •>/  RhiU^ric  in  the  Uni- 
versity of  Alabama. 

Prof.  Day  has  contributed  to  numerous  journals. 


DAY 

Day,  Henry  T.  Serms.  at  Mendlcshara,  Lon.,  1838, 
12mn.     Algcr^ife  and  other  Poems,  1838.  12mo. 

Day,  J.     Stories  for  the  Young,  1807,  12mo. 

Day,  James.     Divine  Poetrie,  Lon.,  1637,  4to. 

Day,  Jeremiah,  LL.D.,  late  President  of  Tale  Col- 
le-^-e,  was  l»orn  in  Watshington.  Connecticut,  August  3. 1773. 
Author  of  Introduction  to  Algebra  for  the  Use  of  Colleges. 
A  Course  of  Mathematics  for  Colleges,  embracing  the  fol- 
lowing works:  Principles  of  Plane  Trigonometry,  Mensu- 
ration, Navigatinn,  and  Surveying.  These  works  have 
been  extensively  used  in  the  Colleges  throughout  the  U.  S, 
Inquiry  Respecting  Contingent  Volition,  12mo.  Exami- 
nation of  Edwards  on  the  Will,  12mo. 

Day,  Rev.  John,  1566-1627,  son  of  John  Day,  the 
famous  English  printer.  Twelve  Serms.,  1615,  4to.  Con- 
eiones  ad  Clernm,  Oxf.,  1612,  '15.  Day's  Dyall;  12  Lec- 
tures, 1614.   Comm.  on  the  first  8  Psalms  of  David,  1620, 4to. 

Day,  John,  of  Caius  College,  Cambridge.  The  Isle 
of  Guls,  Lon.,  1606,  4to;  1633.  Travels  of  the  three  bro- 
thers Shirley,  1607,  4to.  Law  Nicks,  1608,  4to.  Humour 
out  of  Breath;  a  Comedy,  1608,  4to.  The  Parliament  of 
Bees,  1640,  4to.  The  Blind  Beggar  nf  Bedual  Green,  1659, 
4to.     Vindication  of  John  Day,  1646,  4to. 

'■•A  flourishing  poet  and  comedian  of  his  time." — WooD.  Sea 
BioL'.  I)rani:it. 

Day,  Joseph.  Exam,  of  Attornics,  kc,  Lon.,  1795, 4to. 

Day,  llev.  Lionel,  son  of  John  Day,  the  famous  Eng- 
lish printer.     Concio  ad  Clerum,  Oxon.,  1632,  fol. 

Day,  Martha,  1813-1833.  was  a  daughter  of  President 
Day  of  Tale  College.  She  attained  great  proficiency  in 
mathematics  and  the  languages,  and  wrote  poetry  of  un- 
common merit.  A  collection  of  her  Literary  Remains,  with 
Memorinls  of  her  Life  and  Character,  was  pub.  at  New  Ha- 
ven by  Prof.  Kingsley. 

"  Her  poems  were  buds  of  promise,  which  justified  the  anticipsr 
tions  that  were  entertained  of  her  eminence  in  literature." — Uris- 
wold's  Fenwle  /lif/.t  of  America. 

Day,  Martin,  "  that  learned  and  judicious  divine.** 
22  Serms.,  Lon.,  1632,  4to.  Some  of  his  serms.  are  in  the 
collection  entitled  The  House  of  Mourning,  1660,  fol. 

Day,  Matthew.  Excerptain  sexprioreslibros  Homeri 
Iliiidns,  Lon.,  16.i2,  12mo. 

Day,  Rev.  Riehard,  son  of  John  Day,  the  famou* 
English  printer,  was  also  a  printer  as  well  as  a  clergyman. 
He  wrote  some  verses,  Contra  Papistos  Incendiaros,  in 
Fox's  Martyrology,  1676  ;  and  trans.  Fox's  De  Christo  tri- 
umphante  Coni^'edia,  to  which  he  wrote  a  preface  and  two 
dedications.  The  father  of  the  three  clergymen  just  no- 
ticed— John  Day — contributed  essentially  to  the  promotion 
of  the  English  Refurmation  by  his  editions  of  the  Bible, 
Fox's  Martyrs,  Ascham's   and  other  works. 

"  As  a  printer,  Kichard  Day  justly  merits  the  honour  of  attempt- 
ing a  tieneral  reform  in  the  distinct  use  of  the  letters j'  and  i,  v, 
and  u.  whii-h  he  observed  in  P.  Baro's  Treatises.  De  Fide.  Ac." 

Day,  Richard.     Petition  to  Parliament,  1652.  4to. 

Day,  Hon.  Robert.  Free  Thoughts,  in  Defence  of 
a  Future  State,  Lon..  1700,  Svo. 

Day,  Robert.     Serm.,  1779,  Svo. 

Day,  Sanniel  Phillips,  formerly  a  monk  of  the  or- 
der of  the  Presentation.  Monastic  Institutions;  their  ori- 
gin, progress,  nature,  and  tendency,  Lon.,  1844,  fp.  Svo; 
2a  cd.,  1846.     Life  in  a  Convent,  1848,  12mo. 

Day,  Thomas,  1748-1789.  a  philanthropist,  poet,  and 
political  writer.  The  Dying  Negro.  1773;  in  conjunction 
with  Mr.  Bicknell;  intended  to  promote  the  abolition  of 
slavery.  The  Devoted  Legions;  a  Poem  against  the  war 
with  America,  1776.  The  Desolation  of  America;  a  Poem, 
1777.  Letters  of  Marius,  1784,  Svo.  Reflections  on  the 
Present  State  of  England  and  the  Independence  of  Ame- 
rica, 1782,  Svo. 

"From  the  inflexible  spirit  of  the  Americans,  and  their  detei^ 
mined  resolution  to  be  free,  Mr.  Pay  pives  it  as  his  opinion  that 
America  ouixht  to  be  declared  independent.  He  conceives  that 
great  advantaj^es  will  result  from  this  measure,  and  his  reasonin;;s 
are  solid  and  well  supported.  He  afBrms  that  Knjrland  ought  to 
yield  with  magnanimity  what  she  cannot  withhold  by  arms." — 
Lon.  Mimthlr/  JCfvuv.: 

History  of  Sandford  and  Merton,  1783-89,  3  vols.  12mo. 
This  is  a  deservedly  popular  work.  It  was  trans,  into 
French  by  M.  Berquin.  History  of  Little  Jack.  Other 
publications.  See  Account  of  his  Life  and  Writings  by 
James  Kcir,  Lon.,  1791,  Svo. 

"The  pool  of  mercenary  and  time-serving  ethics  was  first  blown 
over  by  the  fre.sh  country  breeze  of  Mr.  Day's  Sandford  and  Mer- 
ton, a  production  that  I  well  remember,  and  shall  ever  be  grateful 
for.  ...  It  assisted  the  cheerfulness  I  inherited  from  my  father; 
showed  me  that  circumstances  were  not  a  check  to  a  healthy  gayely, 
or  the  most  masculine  self-respect ;  and  helped  to  supply  me  with 
a  resolution  of  standing  by  a  principle,  not  nu-rely  as  a  point  of 
lowly  or  lofty  sacrifice,  but  as  a  matter  of  common  sense  and  duty, 
and  a  simple  co-operation  with  the  elements  of  natural  warfare." — 

L£IGH  UUKT. 


DAY 


DEC 


Day,  Thomas.     Medical  treatises,  1772,  '85. 

Day,  Hon.  Thomas,  1777-1855,  a  native  of  Con- 
necticut. Reports  of  Cases,  Ac.  Supreme  Court  of  Errors 
of  Conn.  1814  to  '28  inc.,  6  vols.  8vo.  A  Digest  of  Re- 
ported Cases  of  Sup.  Court  of  Errors  of  Conn,  from  17S6 
to  1829.  Svo.  His  vols,  of  Reports  amount  to  26,  besides 
Digests  to  most  of  the  series.  He  also  edited  several  Eng- 
lish law-works,  in  all  about  40  vols. 

Day,  Valentine.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1818,  Svo. 

Day,  Wm.     1.  Isaiah.     2.  Romans,  1654,  '6fi. 

Day,  Wni.     Man's  Dcstructiou,  Lon.,  1713,  12mo. 

Day,  Wm.    The  Shepherd's  Boy :  Pastoral  Tales,  1S04. 

Day,  Wni.  Slavery  in  America  Shown  to  be  Peculiarly 
Abominable,  Lon.,  1841,  Svo.  Punctuation  Reduced  to  a 
System:  6th  ed.,  1853,  ISmo. 

"  Mr.  Day  has  laboured  with  success;  and  hia  little  book  should 
be  read  attentivelv." — T}ie  Critic. 

Daye,  Eliza.     Poems,  179S,  Svo. 

Daye,  James.     Serms..  1752,  4to. 

Daycs,  Etiward.  Works.  Lon.,  1805, 4to.  Contains 
an  excursion  through  Derbyshire  and  Yorkshire,  with  notes 
by  E.  W.  Braylcy;  essays  on  painting;  instructions  for 
drawing  and  colouring,  and  professional  sketches  of  modern 
artists. 

Dayrell,  Richard,  D.D.     Serm.,  1759,  4to. 

Deacon,Aug.  Elementsof  Perspec.  Drawing,lS41,Svo. 
*'  A  well-reasoned  and  dearly-written  pamphlet." — Lcn.  Exam. 

Deacon,  D.  D.,  Jr.     Poem.s  Chesterf,  1790,  4to. 

Deacon,  E.  E.  Game  Laws,  Lon.,  1831,  Svo.  L.  and 
P.  of  Bankruptcy,  2d  ed..  1846,  2  vols.  Svo.  Crim.  Law. 
1836,  2  vols.  Svo.  Coses  in  Bankruptcy,  1837-41,  4  vols, 
r.  Svo.  Guide  to  Magis.,  1843,  2  vols.  8vo.  Deacon,  E.  E., 
and  Chitty,  Ed.,  Rejiorls  in  Bankruptcy,  1S33-37,  4  vols. 

Deacon,  H.     Treat,  on  the  V.  Disease,  1789,  Svo. 

Deacon,  John.     Godlie  Serm.,  Lon.,  1586,  Svo. 

Deacon,  John.  Tobacco  tortured  in  the  filthy  Fumes 
of  Tobacco  refined,  Lon.,  1616,  4to.  Treatise  of  the  Flux, 
1657,  12mo. 

Deacon,  John.  Theolog.  treatises.  Discourses  of 
Spirits  and  Devils,  by  John  Duncan  and  John  Walker, 
1601,  4to. 

Deacon,  John.     Charge  and  Sermon,  1786,  Svo. 

Deacon,  John.     Hymns  and  Psalms,  ISOl,  ISmo. 

Deacon,  Thomasi  Theolog.  publications,  Lon., 
1734-48. 

Deacon,  W.F.  Annette;  a  Tale;  with  a  memoir  of 
the  author  by  Hon.  Sir  T.  N.  Talfourd,  Lon.,  1853,  3  vols. 
"It  has  enouphinit  of  life  and  interest  to  keep  it  for  some  years 
to  cnme  in  request.'* — Lon.  Eramini'r. 

Deacon,  Wm.     Justification  by  Faith,  1794,  4to. 

Deacon,  Wm.     Stage  Waggons,  do.,  1S07. 

Deakin,  Richard,  M.D.  Florigraphia  Britannica, 
Lon..  1S37-41.  4  vols.  Svo. 

Dcaltry,  R.  B.     Serm.,  1782,  4to. 

Dealtry,  Robt.     Monody;  Elegy,  1809,  4to. 

Dcaltry,  Wm.,  1775-1847,  Archdeacon  of  Surrey. 
Fluxions,  1810,  Svo;  1816.  See  Quart.  Rev.  Serms.,  Ac, 
1810-46. 

Dean,  Amos,  b.  1S0.3.  Lectures  on  Phrenology,  Svo, 
pp.  252,  1835.  Philosophy  of  Human  Life,  Svo,  pp.  300, 
1839.  Manual  of  Law,  Albany,  1S38.  Svo.  Principles  of 
Medical  Jurisprudence,  Albany,  1850,  pp.  664,  Svo. 

"  The  design  appears  to  hare  been  well  executed.'— ^uitr.  Law 
Journal. 

"  \Vhatever  may  be  deficient  in  the  work  of  Dr.  Beck,  will  be 
found  amply  supplied  in  the  one  of  which  the  title  is  placed  at  the 
head  of  this  article." — U.  S.  Lav>  Mag. 

See  also  Western  Law  Journal  and  The  Law  Reporter. 

Dean,  G.  A.  Construction  of  Farm  Buildings  and 
Labourers'  Cottages,  Lon.,  1S50,  r.  Svo. 

"  This  work  is  on  an  extensive  and  improved  scale,  and  its  merit 
is  very  considerable."— Z>'ynaWsow's  Agricult.  Btng. 

Dean,  John.     Legerdemain,  Lon.,  1622,  12mo. 

Dean,  John.  His  Sufl'erings,  Ac,  Lou.,  1711,  Svo. 
Falsification  of  the  above  by  Chris.  Longman,  N.  Miller, 
and  G.  White.  1711,  Svo. 

Dean,  John.     Account  of  Ship  Sussex,  1740,  Svo. 

Dean,  Rev.  Rd.     Future  Life  of  Brutes,  1768,  2  vols. 

Dean,  S.    Swedenborg's  writings,  1802.    Serms.,  1795. 

Deane,  Edmond,  b.  1572.  Spadacrene  Anglica,  or 
the  English  Spa-Fontaine,  Lon.,  1626,  4to. 

"  A  learned  and  ingenious  treatise." — Bishop  Nicolson 

Admiranda  Cliymica,  Frankf.,  1630,  Svo.  On  Harrow- 
gate  Water,  York,  1654,  Svo. 

Deane,  Henry.     Letter  to  Bp.  of  Salisb.,  1S45,  Svo. 

Deane,  Rev.  J.     Serpent-Worship,  Lon.,  1832,  4to. 

Deane,  John.     Letter  from  Moscow,  Lon.,  1699,  fol. 

Deane,  Richard.     Baptism.  Lon.,  1693,  12mo. 

Deane,  Saml.,  D.D.,  minister  of  Portland,  Maine,  d. 


1814,  aged  about  73.  New  England  Farmer,  or  Georgical 
Diet.,  2d  ed.,  1797,  Svo.     Serms.,  1794,  '95. 

Deane,  Silas,  d.  1789,  minister  of  the  U.  States  to 
Fr.ance.  Address  to  the  Independent  Citizens  of  the  U. 
States.  Letters  to  Hon.  Robt.  Morris.  New  London,  17S4, 
sm.4to;  Lon.,  Svo.  Deane's  vindication  from  alleged  mis- 
management of  the  public  funds  will  be  found  here.  The 
New  London  ed.  contains  matter  not  in  the  London  ed. 
Deane's  intercepted  Letters  to  his  brother  and  others  were 
pub.  in  1782.  He  died  in  great  poverty  at  Deal  in  Eng- 
land.    See  Warren's  Amer.  Rev. :  Marshjill :  Gordon. 

Dearborn,  Gen.  Henry  Alexander  Scammell, 
178.3-1S51.  b.  .It  Exeter.  N.ll..  sun  uf  Gen.  Dearborn,  of 
the  American  Revolution.  1.  Memoir  on  the  Commerce 
of  the  Black  Se.a,  Boston,  1S19,  2  vols.  Svo,  and  1  vol.  4to 
of  Maps.  2.  Letters  on  the  Internal  Improvements  and 
Commerce  of  the  West,  1S39,  Svo.  3.  Biography  of  Com- 
modore Bainbridge.  4.  Memoir  of  his  Father.  He  left 
in  MS.  A  Diary  in  45  vols.,  a  Memoir  of  his  Father-in- 
law,  Col.  Wm.  R.  Lee,  and  a  History  of  the  Battle  of 
Bunker's  Hill. 

Deare,  James.     Trans,  of  Virgil's  Georgics,  1808. 

Dearing,  or  Deering,  Sir  Edward,  was  first  a  re- 
publican, subsequently  a  zealous  supporter  of  K.  Cbas.  I. 
Collection  of  Speeches  in  matters  of  Religion,  Lon.,  1642, 
4to.  Character  of  Maria,  his  late  lady,  1601,  Svo.  Soma 
of  his  speeches.  Ac.  were  pub.  separately,  1641-44. 

Dearie,  Ediv.     Sure  Guide  for  Youth,  1791,  Svo. 

Dearn,  T.  D.  W.  Works  on  Architecture,  1807,  '09, 
'11,  '21.  Hist.  Topog.,  and  Descrip.  Account  of  the  Weald 
of  Kent,  1814,  Svo. 

Dearsly,  H.  R.  Drtiinage  Act,  10  and  11  Vict.,  Lon.. 
1847,  12ino.  Law  of  Banks  and  Bankers,  with  Charter) 
*fec.  of  Ek.  of  Eng. 

Deas,  Geo.,  and  Jas.  Anderson.  Cases  decided 
in  Ct.  of  Session,  Jury  Ct,,  and  H.  Ct.  of  Just.,  1829-32, 
Edin.,  1829-33,  5  vols.  Svo. 

Deasc,  Wm.    Med.  treatises,  Dubl.,  and  Lon.,  1776-Sd. 

Dcason,  T.     Serm.  on  Death,  1799,  Svo. 

Deason,  Wm.     See  Deacon. 

Debary,  Rev.  Thos.  Notes  of  a  Residence  in  the 
Canary  Islands,  the  South  of  Spain,  and  Algiers,  Lon., 
1851,  12nH.. 

Debdin,  Waldron.  Compendious  Hist,  of  the  Eng- 
lish Stage,  ISOO. 

Debenham,  Thos.     Med.  con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1751. 

Debords,  Lewis.     Serm..  1723,  Svo. 

De  Bow,  James  D.  B.,  was  born  in  Charleston, 
S.  C,  1820;  graduated  at  Charleston  Coll.,  1S42;  removed 
to  New  Orleans,  1845.  Professor  of  Political  Economy 
and  Statistics  in  the  University  of  Louisiana,  1847.  Edited 
the  Southern  Quarterly  Review,  1843^5.  Originated  De 
Bow's  Monthly  Review  at  New  Orleans,  1846,  which  he  still 
conducts.  Author  of  Industrial  Resources  and  Statistics 
of  the  Southern  and  Western  States,  1853,  3  vols.  Svo.  Two 
ye.ars  Superintendent  of  the  United  States  Census  at  Wash- 
ington. Compiled  3  vols,  of  the  Statistics,  the  quarto  edi- 
tion, and  the  Compendium  of  the  Census,  1854.  Also  the 
volume  of  Mortality,  Statistics,  Ac. 

Dcbraw,  John.     Sex  of  Bees,  Lon.,  1777.  Svo. 

Debrett,  John.  New  Foundling  Hospital,  Lon.,  1784, 
12mo.  State  Papers,  1791-1803;  pub.  in  11  vols.  Svo.  Par- 
liamentary Papers,  1797,  3  vols.  Svo.  New  Baronetage  of 
England,  1803,  2  vols.  ISmo;  new  ed.  by  G.  W.  Collen, 
1840,  Svo.  Peerage  of  England,  Scotland,  and  Ireland, 
Lon.,  1809, 2vols.  12mo;  IBth  ed.,  1826;  new  ed.  by  G.  W. 
Collen,  1849,  r.  Svo.  Asylum  for  Fugitive  Pieces  in  Prose 
and  Verse,  4  vols.  12mo. 

Decan.     Latin  Syllables,  Lon.,  1784,  Svo. 

De  Charms,  Richard,  b.  1796,  at  Philadelphia,  a 
Swedenborgian  divine,  has  contributed  to  the  literature  of 
his  Church,  and  edited  several  of  its  periodicals.  He  ia 
the  author  of  The  New  Churchman  Extra,  Sermons,  Lec- 
tures, &c. 

De  Chemant,  D.     Artificial  Teeth,  1798. 

Decker,  Sir  Matthew,  an  English  merchant.  Causes 
of  the  Decline  of  the  Foreign  Trade,  Lon.,  1 744,  4to  ;  Edin., 
1766,  12mo.  Considerations  on  High  Duties,  Lon.,  1743, 
Svo.  Fauquier  ascribes  the  first  tract  to  a  Mr.  Richardson, 
See  McCuIloch's  Lit.  of  Polit.  Economy.  Sir  M.  D.'s 
Scheme  for  a  Tax  on  Houses  Laid  open,  1757,  Svo. 

Decker,  P.     Chinese  Architecture,  Lon.,  1795,  4to. 

Decker,  Dekkar,  Derkar,  or  Dekker,  Thomas, 
acquired  some  celebrity  among  the  wits  of  the  reign  of 
James  I.  as  a  writer  of  plays  and  tracts  upon  the  vices  and 
customs  of  the  age.  He  wrote  plays  in  conjunction  with 
Webster,  Rowley,  Ford,  and   Jonson.     It  chanced,  how- 


DEC 


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ever,  that  "Rare  Ben"  quarrelled  with  him.and,  it  was  sup- 
posed, wont  so  far  as  to  ridieule  him  under  the  character 
of  Crispinus  in  the  "Poetaster."  But  Mr.  Gilchrist  has 
proved  that  Marston  was  intended  by  this  personage.  How- 
ever, Decker  displayed  Jonson  to  the  amusement  of  the 
town,  in  his  piece  of  Satiro-Mastii.  or  the  Untrus?ing  of 
the  humourous  Poet.  Ben  here  figures  as  Horace  Junior 
—he  had  asjiumed  the  name  of  Horace — and  his  allusions 
to  Decker's  ill-favoured  Tisage  are  thus  repaid: 

"You  starine:  Leviathan!  look  on  the  sweet  Tis,H}^e  of  Horace: 
lonk.  parboiled  face:  look — he  has  not  his  faco  puncht  fuUof  eylet 
holes.  like  the  cover  of  a  warminir  pan!" 

Jonson  replied  in  an  address  to  the  Reader  introduced 
in  the  4to  ed.  of  his  play,  styling  Decker  The  UntrnsHer. 

Decker's  plays  amount  to  twenty-ei^ht,  and  his  tracts  to 
about  five-and-twenty.  See  Lowndes's  Bibl.  Man. ;  Drake's 
Shakspeare  and  his  Times  ;  Warton's  Hist,  of  Eng.  Poetry  ; 
Bibl.  Anglo-Poet.:  Collier's  Hist,  of  Eng.  Dramat.  Poet 
His  best-known  plays  are  Fortunatus,  or  the  Wishing  Cap  : 
and  The  Honest  Whore;  and  his  best-known  tract  is  The 
Gull's  Horn  Book,  of  which  a  new  ed.  was  pub.  in  1S12, 
Bristol,  4to,  edited  by  Dr.  Nott. 

"  His  '  Gul's  Home  Booke,  or  fashions  to  please  all  sorts  of  Guls,' 
first  printed  in  1609.  exhiliits  a  very  curious,  minute,  and  interest- 
ing picture  of  the  manners  and  habits  of  the  middle  class  of  so- 
ciety, and  on  this  account  will  be  hereafter  frequently  referred  to 
in  these  paces." — Drake's  Sliaksp-^are  oml  fits  Times. 

Sir  Walter  Scott  draws  largely  from  the  Gull's  Horn 
Book,  in  his  description  of  London  life,  in  The  Fortunes 
of  Nigel.     Decker  is  supposed  to  have  died  about  16.'i9. 

De  Clarovade,  E.  Watchman's  Alarm,  or  the  Bur- 
den of  EuLrland.  Ireland,  and  Scotland.  Lon..  inifi,  4to. 

De  Clifford,  Lord,     Letter  to  Electors,  1790.  8vo. 

De  Coetlo^oD,  Charles  E.,  an  English  Calvinist 
divine  of  French  descent,  d.  1820.  Sermons,  &c.,  Lon., 
1776-1818. 

"The  matter  of  his  discnurses  was  replete  with  ineenious  illus- 
tration, sound  argument,  and  pointed  application." — Mid'Utlfm''s 
JCccl^SHlst iri tl  Mf  m oirs. 

De  Coetlogon,  Dennis,  M.D.  Profess,  and  other 
publications,  Lon.  1739-46.  Universal  Diet,  of  Arts  and 
Sciences.  Lon..  1745,  2  vols.  fol. 

De  Coignet,  P.  Befut.  of  Cotton's  Letter  for  the 
Jesuits'  killing  of  kings,  Ifill. 

De  Courcy,  Richard,  Vicar  of  St.  Alkmond,  d.  1803. 
Theolog.  treatises,  1776-1810. 

"His  sermons  were  in  laniriiafre  ditrnilied.  in  reasnninp  perspi- 
cuous, embellished  by  apposite  allusions,  and  ornamented  with 
many  of  the  ^traces  of  oratory." — Lnn.  Gent.  Mug. 

De  Crespigny,  Caroline.  Visions  of  Great  Men 
and  other  Poems,  Lon.,  12mo.  Enchanted  Rose,  from 
Schultz,  1844,  p.  8vo.  My  Souvenir,*  or  Poems  and  Trans- 
lations. 1844.  8vo. 

"  She  appt^ars  to  have  resided  lonpr  abroad,  and  to  have  caught 
Bomethinir  of  the  earnest  and  profound,  yet  mystical,  feeling  that 
pervades  the  poetry  of  Germany." — Britavnia. 

De  Crespigny,  Mrs,  Champion.  The  Poor  Sol- 
dier; inscribed  to  Mrs.  C,  Lon.,  1780.  4(o.  Letters  of 
Advice,  180:i.  8vo.     Monody  on  the  Death  of  Lord  C,  1810. 

Dedc,  James,  English  Botanist's  P.  Companion, 
1809. 

Dee,  Arthur,  son  of  the  famous  John  Dee.  was  phy- 
sician to  Charles  I.  Fasciculus  Chymicus,  Ac,  16;'.l,12mo. 
trans,  into  English  by  James  Hnsolle,  [i'.  e.  Elias  Ashmole,] 
1650.  12mo.     See  AsnMOi.K.  Eltas. 

Dee,  John,  1527-1608,  was  one  of  the  most  remark- 
able characters  of  a  remarkable  acre.  His  genius  was  of 
so  comprehensive  a  description,  that  he  could  alternately 
devote  his  attention  to  the  speculations  of  philosophy,  the 
lessons  of  divinity,  the  problems  of  mathematics,  the  ex- 
periments of  chemistry,  the  mysteries  of  astrology,  and  the 
incantations  of  magic.  When  only  15.  he  was,  he  tells  us, 
"meetly  well  furnished  with  understanding  of  the  Latin 
tongue,"  and  entering  St.  John's  College,  Cambridge,  '*  I 
was  so  vehemently  bent  to  study,  that  for  these  years 
[1543-45]  I  did  inviolably  keep  this  order:  only  to  sleep 
four  hours  every  night;  to  allow  to  meat  and  drink,  and 
some  refreshments  after,  two  hours  every  day:  and  of  the 
other  eighteen  hours,  all,  except  the  time  of  going  to,  and 
being  at.  the  divine  service,  was  spent  in  my  studies  and 
learning." 

In  1547  he  visited  Flanders,  and  on  his  return  was  made 
Fellow  of  Trinity  College.  His  devotion  to  astronomy 
drew  upon  him  the  suspicion  of  being  a  reader  of  the  st^rs, 
and  he  found  it  expedient  to  return  to  the  University  of 
Louvain,  where  he  became  highly  distinguished.  He  sub- 
sequently visited  Paris,  and  delivered  lectures  upon  Eu- 
clid, which  gave  so  much  satisfaction  that  he  was  invited 
to  accept  the  mathematical  professorship  of  the  University, 


In  1551  he  returned  to  England,  where  he  was  warmly 
received;  but  soon  fell  into  trouble,  being  suspected  of 
favouring  the  cause  of  the  Princess  Elizabeth  and  prac- 
tising against  Queen  Mary's  life  by  enchantments.  Unable 
to  convict  him  of  this  crime,  or  of  heresy,  his  prosecutors 
set  him  at  liberty,  and  in  a  few  months  afterwards  (Jan. 
15.  1556)  he  evinced  his  zeal  for  learning  by  presenting  a 
supplication  to  Queen  Mary  for  the  recovery  and  preserva- 
tion of  ancient  writers  and  monuments.  Upon  the  acces- 
sion of  Elizabeth  he  would  certainly  have  received  sub- 
stantial marks  of  her  regard — for  she  treated  him  with 
great  respect  at  different  times  during  her  reign — but  the 
public  insisted  that  he  was  too  intimate  with  the  great 
enemy  ;  and  even  went  so  far  as  to  break  into  his  house  dur- 
ing his  absence  from  the  kingdom,  and  destroy  his  mathe- 
matical instruments  and  many  of  his  books.  As  the  people 
would  have  it  that  he  was  a  magician,  Dee  seems  now  to 
have  imbibed  the  same  opinion,  and  forming  a  copartner- 
ship with  Edward  Kelley  and  the  Count  Laski.  a  Polish 
n<d)k'man,  he  professed  to  hold  communion  with  spirits. 
For  further  particulars  respecting  this  extraordinary  cha- 
racter and  his  writings,  the  reader  must  consult  the  works 
indicated  below.  The  philosopher  suffered  much  in  the 
latter  part  of  his  life  from  the  privations  incident  to  ex- 
treme poverty.  His  talents  and  acquirements  were  great. 
The  mathematical  notes  to  Sir  Henry  Billingsley's  trans, 
of  Euclid,  pub.  in  1570.  fol.,  would  have  done  credit  to 
any  scholar  of  the  age;  the  Memorials  pertayning  to  the 
perfect  Arte  of  Navigation.  1577,  fol.,  display  the  hand  of 
a  master,  and  the  reformation  of  the  calendar  entitles  him 
to  the  gratitude  of  posterity.  See  Life  by  Smith  in  VitEe 
Eruditissimorum  Virorum,  and  in  Hearne's  Joan.  Confra- 
tis  ct  Monachi  Glastoniensrs  Chronica,  2  vols.  8vo,  1726. 
Biog.  Brit. ;  Athen.  Oxon. :  Niceron,  vol.  i. ;  Lysons's  En- 
virons; Chalmers's  Biog.  Diet. ;  A  Relation  of  what  passed 
for  many  years  between  Dr.  John  Dee  and  some  Spirits : 
as  also  "the  Letters  of  sundry  great  Men  and  Princes  to 
said  Dr.  Dee  ;  with  a  Preface  by  Meric  Casaubon,  D.D., 
1659,  fol.  A  copy  of  this  curious  work,  which  excited 
much  attention  at  the  time  of  its  publication,  is  worth 
about  £5.  In  1842  the  Cambridge  Society  pub.  The  Pri- 
vate Diary  of  Dr.  John  Dee.  with  a  Catalogue  of  his  Li- 
brary of  Scientific  MSS.  This  was  edited  by  one  of  the 
most  eminent  antiquaries  of  our  own  day — James  Orchard 
Halliwell.  Esq. 
Deeble,  \Vm.  Thanet  and  the  Cinque  Ports,  2  vols. 
Deems,  Charles  F.,  D.D.,  b.  at  Baltimore,  1820; 
graduated  at  Dickinson  College.  1839 ;  Professor  in  the 
University  of  N.  Carolina,  1842;  Prof,  of  Chemistry  in 
Randolph  Macon  Coll.,  1848;  President  of  Greensboro' 
Coll..  1850;  President  of  Centenary  Coll.,  1854.  Author 
of — 1.  Triumjih  of  Peace,  and  other  Poems.  2.  Devotional 
Melodies.  3.  Twelve  College  Sermons.  4.  Life  of  Rev. 
Dr.  Clarke.  5.  Home  Altar.  6.  What  Now?  Edite.l  5 
volumes  of  Southern  Methodist  Pulpit.  Contrib.  to  the 
Gentleman's  Magazine,  Southern  Methodist  Quarterly,  and 
other  journals. 

Deering,  Charles,  M.D..  a  native  of  Saxony,  settled 
in  England,  and  d.  at  Nottingham  in  1749.  Smallpox, 
Lon.,  1737,  8vo.  Cat.  of  Planls,  1738,  8vo.  Nottingham! 
vetus  et  nova.  Nottingham,  1754,  4to. 

Deering,  Edward,  a  Puritan  divine,  d.  1576;  Rec- 
tor of  Pluckley.  1569;  of  Salisbury,  1571.  He  was  an 
eloquent  preacher  and  a  warm  disputant.  Workes,  1614. 
Pub.  separatelv.  1568-90. 

Dcering,  Sir  Edward.     See  Bearing. 
Deering,  Nathaniel,  a  native  of  Portland.  Maine, 
graduated  at  Harvard  College  in  1810.     He  is  the  author 
of  two  five-act  tragedies,  Carobasset,  or  The  Last  of  the 
Norridgewocks :  and  Bozzaris. 

Deering,  Richard,  a  musical  composer  and  organist 
to  Q.  Henrietta  Maria.  See  John  Playford's  Cantica  Sacra, 
1674,  fob,  for  some  of  his  compositions. 

Dees,  R.  D.  Insolvent  Debtors,  Lon..  1843,  12mo. 
De  Foe,  Daniel,  1661-1731,  was  a  son  of  James 
Foe.  (the  son  prefixed  a  De  to  his  name,)  a  butcher  of  St. 
Giles,  Cripplcgatc.  London.  Educated  among  the  Dis- 
senters, he  was  intended  for  a  Presbyterian  minister;  but 
we  find  him  first  a  political  author,  (in  1683)  then  a  sol- 
dier, as  an  adherent  of  the  Duke  of  Monmouth,  and  subse- 
quentlv  a  hosier,  a  tilemakcr.  and  a  woollen  merchant,  in 
i^uccession.  The  publication  referred  to  above  is  the  Trea- 
tise against  the  Turks,  which  was  intended  to  support  the 
cause  of  the  Austrian,s.  His  e.xcellent  treatise,  called  an 
Essay  upon  Projects,  appeared  in  1697.  In  1699  he  pub. 
n  poetical  satire  entitled  The  True-born  Englishman,  a 
defence  of  King  William  and  the  Dutch.     This  was  sue- 


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cessful,  and  gave  the  author  a  great  reputatinn.  Three 
years  later,  the  publication  of  The  Shortec^t  Way  with  the 
Dis.senters,  involved  De  Foe  in  great  trouble. 

"  In  this  pl.i>  ful  piece  of  irony,  the  author  ^rravely  pmpnsecl.  as 
the  easiest  and  speediest  way  of  riddint;  the  land  nf  l)issent<'rs.  to 
hang  their  ministers  and  banish  the  people.  Hut  huth  Church- 
men and  Disseuteiti  viewed  the  whole  in  a  serious  li;iht ;  and  while 
many  of  the  former  applauded  the  authfir  as  a  staunch  and  worthy 
Churchman,  as  many  of  the  latter,  filled  with  apprehensions  dire, 
began  to  prepare  for  Tyhurn  and  f^niithfield."' 

The  High  Church  party,  however,  were  not  disposed  to 
tolerate  irony;  the  House  of  Commons  dix-Iarcd  the  book 
a  libel,  and  ordered  it  to  be  burnt  by  the  hands  of  the 
common  hangman  ;  and  the  zealous  polemic  was  invited  to 
assume  a  prominent  position  in  the  pillory.  Pope  thus 
refers  to  this  unpalatable  exaltation  : 

"  Earless  on  hi[j;h  stood  unabashed  Be  Foe." — Diivdad. 

The  sufferer  himself  displayed  his  equanimity  by  indit- 
ing a  hymn  to  the  pillory,  which  he  describes  aa 
"  A  hieroi^lyphic  state-machine 
Condemned  to  punish  fancy  in." 

Whilst  imprisoned  in  Newgate,  where  he  was  confined 
for  two  years,  he  pub.  a  periodical  paper  called  The  Re- 
Tiew.  In  1706  he  again  entered  the  p(ditieal  field  by  his 
Essay  at  removing  Prejudices  against  an  Union  with  Scot- 
land, and  in  1709  pub.  his  celebrated  History  of  the  Union. 
The  last  of  his  political  tracts  was  An  Appeal  to  Honour  and 
Justice,  intended  a?  a  hint  to  the  House  of  Hanover  of  the 
obligations  due  to  the  neglected  writer.  A  proper  reward 
for  his  services  would  have  been  very  acceptable  to  tlie 
author,  for  he  seldom  prospered  in  trade,  and  often  knew 
the  bitterness  of  pecuniary  embarrassment.  Among  his 
best-known  works,  which  amount  in  number  to  at  least 
210 — Wilson  thinks  some  have  escaped  him,  and  see 
Lowndes's  Bibl.  Man.,  Watt's  Bibl.,  and  Biog.  Brit. — are 
the  following:  Robinson  Crusoe,  (first  pub.  in  1719;)  A 
New  Voyage  round  the  World ;  The  Life  of  Captain  Sin- 
gleton ;  The  Adventures  of  Roxana  ;  the  Hist,  of  Duncan 
Campbell;  The  Life  uf  Moll  Flanders:  The  Life  of  Colo- 
nel Jack:  The  I^Iemoirs  of  a  Cavalier  during  the  Civil 
Wars  in  England  ;  Religious  Courtship  ;  A  Journal  of  the 
Plague  in  1665  ;  The  Political  Hist,  of  the  Devil  and  A 
System  of  Magic;  A  Relation  of  the  Apparition  of  one 
Mrs.  Veal ;  A  Tour  through  England  and  Scotland ;  An 
Essay  on  the  Treaty  of  Commerce  with  France  ;  A  Plan 
of  the  English  Commerce;  Giving  Alms  no  Charity.  Of 
the  last  two  works  an  eminent  authority  remarks : 

"The  Plan  of  the  Ent^lish  Commerce  is  full  of  information  ;  and, 
thoujrh  desultory,  is  ably  written,  and  contains  sundry  p-issapes 
in  which  the  iuliuence  of  trade  and  industry  in  promoting  the 
well-beinj;  of  the  labouring  classes  and  the  public  wealth  is  set  in 
the  most  striking  point  of  view.  .  .  .  Giving  .ilms  no  Charity  is 
written  with  considerable  cleverness.  .  .  .  But  thesi'  arguments 
are  not  so  conclusive  as  some  have  supposed.  .  .  .  The  truth  is. 
that  in  matters  of  this  sort  De  Foe  was  quite  as  prejudiced  and 
purblind  as  the  bulk  of  those  around  him.  He  had  not  read,  or 
if  he  had  read,  he  had  plainly,  at  all  events,  profited  nothing  by, 
the  conclusive  reasonings  in  the  Tract  on  the  East  Tndia  Trade, 
previously  referred  to.    See  p.  100." — McCtiWtch''!iLit.of  PnUt.  Ecmi. 

Another  authority  entitled  to  great  respect,  remarks: 

*'  As  a  commercial  writer,  De  Foe  is  fairly  entitled  to  stand  in 
the  foremost  rank  among  his  contemporaries,  whatever  may  be 
their  performances  or  their  fame.  .  .  .  His  distinguishing  charac- 
teristics are  originality  and  depth.  He  has  many  sentiments  with 
regard  to  traffick.  which  are  scattered  through  his  Keviews.  and 
which  I  never  read  in  any  other  book.'" — George  Oialmers's  Life 
of  Dc  Foe.  Urn.  1790,  8vo. 

An  ed.  of  the  novels  of  De  Foe  was  pnb.  in  Edinburgh 
in  ISin,  12  vols.  8to.  Works,  with  Mem^.ir  of  his  Life  and 
Writings  by  W.  Hazlitt,  Lon.  1840-4.3,  3  vols.  Svo.  Mis- 
cellaneous Works,  with  Memoir.  Literary  Prefaces,  Illus- 
trative Notes.  Ac.  by  Sir  Walter  Scott  and  others,  (Tal- 
boy's  ed.,)  O-xford,  1840-41,  20  vols.  12mo.  This  ed.  is 
now  very  scarce.  It  was  pub.  at  £5.  The  reader  must 
not  fail  to  procure  that  interesting  work.  The  Life  and 
Times  of  Daniel  De  Foe,  with  Review  of  his  Writings  and 
Opinions  on  Important  Matters,  by  Walter  Wilson,  Lon. 
1S30,  3  vols.  Svo. 

'•  I  have  given  your  volumes  a  careful  perusal,  and  they  have 
taken  their  degree  of  classical  books  on  my  shelveg.  De  Foe  was 
always  my  darling:  but  what  darkness  was  I  in  as  to  far  the  larger 
part  of  his  writings!  I  have  now  an  epitome  of  them  all." — C.Lamb. 

Before  quoting  some  testimonies  to  De  Foe's  general 
merits  as  an  author,  and  notices  of  particular  works,  it  will 
he  only  proper  to  cite  some  opinions  upon  that  delightful 
romance — among  the  first  and  last  of  our  literary  luxuries 
— Robinson  Crusoe. 

'•  De  Foe  has  been  charcred  with  surreptitiously  appropriating 
the  papers  of  Alexander  Selkirk  to  the  formation  of  his  celebrated 
work;  but  the  charge,  thouizh  repeatedly  and  confidently  brought, 
appears  to  be  destitute  of  foundation." — Park. 

Howell's  Life  and  Adventures  of  Selkirk  must  not  be 
neglected  by  the  reader. 


"  .\s  this  is  the  latest,  so  it  is  the  most  authentic,  account  of 
Selkirk,  and  embraces  a  variety  of  particulars  relating  to  his  per- 
sonal history,  never  before  communicated  to  the  public.  It  is  an 
elegant  little  volume,  and  will  be  read  with  interest  by  every  ad- 
mirer of  Robinson  Crusoe." — Wilsnns  Mvmoir  of  Daniti  De  the. 

Other  accounts  of  Selkirk  will  be  found  in  his  own  nar- 
ration, entitled  Providence  Displayed,  printed  from  Capt. 
Woodes  Rogers's  Cruising  Voyage  round  the  World,  1712. 
See  Isaac  James's  publication  of  Providence  Displayed, 
Lon.,  1800,  12mo— in  Capt.  Edw.  Cooke's  Voyage,  1712, 
p.  34;  in  the  Englishman,  by  Sir  Rd.  Steele,  No.  26;  and 
in  Collet's  Relics  of  Literature,  341-44. 

Robinson  Crusoe  first  appeared  in  a  periodical  publico, 
tion  entitled   The  Original  London   Post,  or  Heathcote's 
Intelligencer,  Nos.  125  to  289  inclusive,  in  1719.     Its  suc- 
cess was  so  great,  that  four  edits,  were  pub.,  3  in  2  vols. 
Svo,  and  an  abridgt.  in  12mo.  in  the  same  year.     In  1720, 
Svo,  appeared  Serious  Reflections  during  the  Life  and  Ad- 
ventures of  Robinson  Crusoe  :  with  his  Vision  of  the  An- 
gelic World.     This  was  intended  as  a  third  vol.  to  Robin- 
son Crusoe,  but  was  not  so  well  received.     Of  the  many 
eds.  of  Crusoe,  we  may  especially  notice  Tyas's  illustrated 
one.  pub.  in  about  40  Nos.,  with  engravings  from  designs 
!  by  Granville,  and  an  ed.  of  1S20,  2  vols.  8vo,  with  engrav- 
'  ings  by  Charles  Heath,  from  designs  by  Mr.  Stothard, 
I      "  If  ever  the  late  Mr.  Stothard  entered  more  warmly  upon  any 
one  of  his  labours  than  another,  these  illustrations  to  Koldnson 
Crusoe  have  that  honour;  composed  at  a  time  when  he  was  in 
'  fullest  possession  of  his  powers,  there  is  a  charm  about   them 
i  which  no  other  book  illustrations  possess.    They  are  as  unique  in 
!  their  way  as  the  book  they  adorn." 

I      "  Robinson  Crusoe  must  be  allowed,  by  the  most  rigid  moralist.*!, 
!  to  be  one  of  those  novels  which  one  may  read,  not  only  with  plea- 
\  sure,  but  also  with  profit.     It   breathes  throughout  a  spirit  of 
I  piety  and  benevolence:   it  sets  in  a  very  striking  light  the  im- 
i  portance  of  the  mechanic  arts,  which  they  who  know  not  what  it 
1  is  to  be  without  them  are  apt  to  undervalue.    It  fixes  in  the  mind 
a  lively  idea  of  the  horrors  of  solitude,  and,  consequently,  of  the 
I  sweets  of  social  life,  and  of  the  lilessings  we  derive  from  conversa- 
tion and  mutual  aid;  and  it  shows  how  by  labouring  with  one's 
own  hands,  one  may  secure  independence,  and  open  for  one's  self 
many  sources  of  health  and  amusement,     I  agree,  therefore,  with 
Rousseau,  that  this  is  one  of  the  best  books  that  can  be   put  into 
the  hands  of  children.'" — Dr.  BealUe's  Mural  and  Critical  Dmer- 
tatifms. 

We  quote  from  Rousseau's  opinion,  referred  to  by  Dr. 
Beat  tie  : 

'*  As  we  must  have  hooks,  there  is  one  already  written,  which, 
in  my  opinion,  affords  a  complete  treatise  on  natural  education. 
This  book  shall  be  the  first  P^milius  shall  read;  in  this,  indeed, 
will,  for  a  long  time,  consist  his  whole  library,  and  it  will  always 
hold  a  distinguished  place  among  others.  It  will  afford  us  the 
text  to  which  all  our  conversations  on  the  objects  of  natural 
science  will  serve  only  as  a  comment.  It  will  serve  us  as  our 
guide  during  our  progress  to  a  slate  of  reason;  and  will  ever 
afterwards  give  us  constant  pleasure,  unless  our  taste  be  wholly 
vitiated. 

'■  You  ask  impatiently,  Wbat  is  the  titleof  this  wonderful  book? 
Is  it  Aristotle.  Pliny,  or  Buffon?  No;  it  is  Rodinson  Crusoe."— 
Em  ilius  and  S'"phia'.  or  a  New  Si/stem  of  Education,  ii.  59-63,  Eng- 
Dsh  trans.  1767,  I2mo. 

'■"Was  there  ever  any  thing  written  by  mere  man,  that  the  reader 
wished  longer,  except  Robinson  Crusoe,  Don  Quixote,  and  the 
Pilgrinrs  Progress?"— Dr.  Paml.  Johnson. 

"  How  happy  that  this,  the  most  moral  of  romances,  is  not  only 
the  most  charming  of  books,  but  also  the  most  instructive."— 
Chalmfrs. 

"  Robinson  Crusoe  is  delightful  to  all  ranks  and  classes.  It  is 
capital  kitchen  reading,  and  e«(ually  worthy  from  its  deep  interest, 
to  find  a  place  in  the  libraries  of  the  wealthiest  and  the  most 
learned."' — Charles  Lamb. 

'•  Perhaps  there  exists  no  work,  either  of  instruction  or  enter- 
tainment, in  the  English  language,  which  has  been  more  gene- 
rally read,  and  more  univerally  admired,  than  the  Life  and  -Ad- 
ventures of  Robinson  Crusoe.  It  is  difficult  to  say  in  what  the 
charm  consists,  by  which  persons  of  all  classes  and  denominations 
are  thus  fascinated;  yet  the  majority  of  readers  will  recollect  it  as 
among  the  first  works  that  awakened  and  interested  their  youth- 
ful attention :  and  feel,  even  in  advanced  life-  and  in  the  maturity 
of  their  understandinir,  that  there  are  still  associated  with  Robin- 
son Crusoe,  the  sentiments  peculiar  to  that  period,  when  all  is 
new.  all  glittering  in  prospect,  and  when  those  vis^ious  are  most 
bright,  which  the  experience  of  after  life  tends  only  to  darken  and 
destroy." — Sm  Walter  Scott. 

We  shall  now  quote  some  opinions  of  a  few  of  our  au- 
thor's other  works,  and  of  his  peculiar  excellencies  as  an 
author : 

"  De  Foe  was  employed  by  Queen  Anne  on  a  .special  mission  to 
Scotland  respecting  the  Union.  His  work  is  the  most  authentic 
on  the  subject." — Chalmers. 

"His  History  of  the  Union  is  sufficient  to  place  the  author 
among  the  soundest  historians  of  the  day." — T.  F.  DinniN, 

"  De  Foe  visited  Scotland  about  the  time  of  the  Union,  and  it  is 
evident  that  the  anecdotes  concerning  this  unhappy  period,  must 
have  been  peculiarly  interesting  to  a  man  of  his  liveliness  of  imar 
pination.  who  excelled  all  others  in  dramatizing  a  story,  and  pre- 
senting it  in  actual  speech  and  action  liefure  the  reader." — Lon, 
Qiiiir.  Frv.  xxiv.  Sr-l. 

"it  will  be  in  vain  to  contend  for  any  thing  like  the  same  merit 


DEF 


DEL 


(asin  Crusne)  in  MC.  Fland^.  Captain  S,„5,eton._Cc,ond  Jack    !  of;:-<iS  "t,  Z.^l^'^Sa^'tSa^tlSt^^-I^^S^ 


and  Koxaiia;  yet  it  is,  in  part,  of  the  same  description.  We  ad- 
Tcrt  to  the  singular  truth  and  correctness  of  the  individual  por- 
traiture. Whether  it  is  possible  to  benefit  the  world  by  veritable 
likenesses  of  harlots,  pirates,  and  sharpers,  ni.^y  be  doubted;  but 
it  is  somethiu'^  to  have  them  exhibited  in  their  native  deforruity, 
without  being  sentimentalized  into  Gulnares.  Conrads.  and  int*^ 
resting  eTi?a"sper(/i«  of  that  Byronic  description.     Whatever  ca- 


I  have  been  fed  more  by  miracle  than  Elijah,  when  the  ravens 
were  his  purveyors.  I  have  sometime  ago  summed  up  the  scenes 
of  my  life  in  this  distich ; 

No  man  has  tasted  differing  fortunes  more ; 

And  thirteen  times  I  have  been  rich  and  poor. 
"  In  the  school  of  affliction  I  have  learnt  more  philosophy  than 
at  the  acidemy,  and  more  divinity  than  from  the  pulpit:  in  prison 


TMtma'y'beenteredVgainst  these  productions,  the  first-rate  sign     I  have  learnt  that  liberty  does  not  consist  in  open  doors,  and  the 
-        ■  ■"    -^      ?'  = ■...-...J^^  character  within  a  certain     egress  and  regress  of  locomotion.    I  have  seen  the  rough  sideof 


of  genius,  the  power  of  imagining  _.____. 
range  of  existence,  and  throwing  into  it  the  breath  of  life  and  in- 
dividualization, was  a  pre-eminent   mental  characteristic  of  De 
Foe.'" —  W'l^tintnsler  Review,  xiii.  09,  &c. 

"  While  all  ages  and  descriptions  of  people  hang  delighted  over 
Robinson  Crusoe,  and  shall  continue  to  do  so.  we  trust,  while  the 
world  lasts,  how  few  comparatively  will  bear  to  be  told,  that  there 
exist  other  fictitious  narratives  by  the  same  writer— four  of  them 
at  least  of  no  inferior  interest :  Kosana— Singleton— Moll  Flanders 
— Colonel  Jack— are  all  genuine  offspring  of  the  same  father.  An 
nnpractised  midwife  would  swear  to  the  nose,  lip.  forehead,  and 
eye  of  every  one  of  them.  They  are,  in  their  way,  as  full  of  inci- 
dent, and  some  of  them  every  bit  as  romantic.  .  .  .  We  would  not 
hesitate  to  say,  that  in  no  other  book  of  fiction,  where  the  lives  of 
such  characteVs  are  described,  is  guilt  and  delinquency  made  less 
seductive,  or  the  suffering  made  more  closely  to  follow  the  com- 
mission, or  the  penitence  more  earnest  or  more  bleeding,  or  the 
intervening  flashes  of  religious  visitation  upon  the  rude,  unin- 
structed  so'ul.  more  meltingly  and  fearfully  painted." — C.  Lamh. 

«'  Most  of  our  readers  are  probably  familiar  with  De  Foe's  his- 
tory of  that  great  calamity  (the  I'lague)— a  work  in  which  fabu- 
lous incidents  and  circumstances  are  combined  with  authentic  nar- 
ratives, with  an  art  and  verisimilitude  which  no  other  writer  has 
ever  been  able  to  communicate  to  fiction.  .  .  .  The  author  of  Ro- 
binson t'rusce  was  an  Englishman,  and  one  of  those  Knglishmen 
who  make  us  proud  of  the  name." — EtUn.  liev.  xxiv.  .321. 

'  Few  men  have  been  more  accurate  observers  of  life  and  man- 


the  world  as  well  as  the  smooth;  and  have,  in  less  than  half  a 
year,  tasted  the  difference  between  the  cb  set  of  a  king  and  the 
dungeon  of  Newgate.  1  hare  suffered  deeply  lor  cleaving  to  princi- 
ples of  which  integrity  I  have  lived  to  say,  none  but  those  I  suf- 
fered for  ever  reproached  me  with  it." 

We  conclude  with  an  eloquent  tribute  to  De  Foe's  merits 
from  an  .^utho^ity  of  the  first  rank : 

■•  For  our  part,  surrounded  as  we  are  by  the  bustle  and  cares  of 
middle  a  'e,  the  mere  mention  of  our  author's  name  falls  upon  us 
as  cool  alid  refreshing  as  a  drop  of  rain  in  the  hot  and  parched 
midday  We  are  compelled  to  regard  him  as  a  phenomenon, 

and  to  consider  his  genius  as  something  rare  and  curious,  which 
it  is  impossible  to  assign  to  any  class  whatever.  Throughout  the 
ample  stores  of  fiction  in  which  our  literature  abounds,  more  than 
that  of  any  other  people,  there  are  no  works  which  at  all  resemble 
his,  either  in  the  design  or  execution.  Without  any  precursor  in 
the  strange  and  unwonted  path  he  chose,  and  without  a  follower, 
he  spun  his  web  of  coarse  but  original  materials,  which  no  mortal 
had  ever  thought  of  using  before ;  and  when  ho  had  done,  it  seems 
as  thou'-h  he  had  snapped  the  thread,  and  conveyed  it  beyond  the 
reach  of  imitation.  To  have  a  numerous  train  of  tollowers  is  usu- 
ally considered  as  adding  to  the  reputation  of  a  writer :  it  is  a  pe- 
culiar honour  to  De  Foe  that  he  had  none.  Wherever  he  has  stolen 
a  grace  beyond  the  re.ach  of  .irt,  wherever  the  vigour  and  freshness 
of  nature  are  apparent,  there  he  is  inaccessible  to  imitation.  .  .  . 
In  the  fictions  of  De  Foe  we  meet  with  nothing  that  is  artificial,  or 


ners,  and  of  the  mechanism  of  society,  than  De  Foe.  .  .  .  His  No-  |  ^^^^  ^^^  ^^^  breathe  the  breath  of  life."— ion.  Setrospcdwt  Ro- 


vels,  in  spite  of  much  improliability.  have  been  oftener  taken  for 
true  narratives  than  any  fictions  that  ever  were  composed." — Lon. 
Quar.  lUv.  xxiv.  ;ii;i. 

In  proof  of  the  above  assertion,  wo  may  mention  that 
the  alleged  appearance  of  the  apparition  of  Mrs.  Veal  was 
believed  to  be  sober  matter  of  fact;  the  Memoirs  of  a  Ca- 
valier have  been  often  cited  as  historical  authority,  and  were 
credited  by  Lord  ChiUham  ;  the  Journal  of  the  Plague  was 
believed  by  <as  keen  critics  as  Dr.  Mend  and  Dr.  Cheyne ; 
and  still  more  amusing — the  track  of  the  pretended  Voy- 
age round  the  World  was  actually  laid  down  in  a  staid, 
dignified,  respectable-looking  map  !  On  the  publication  of 
the  Voyage  to  the  World  of  Cartesius,  "  scarce  mention  was 
made  of  this  New  World,  but  an  infinite  number  of  French, 
English,  and  Dutchmen  resolve  to  go  and  see  it."  p.  1. 

The  complimeut  conveyed  in  the  last  sentence  of  the 
annexed  quotation  which  we  italicize  is  therefore  well 
deserved : 

'■  As  a  writer  of  fiction,  whether  we  consider  the  originality  of 
his  genius,  the  simplicity  of  his  design,  or  the  utility  of  his  moral, 
De  Foe  is  now  universally  acknowledged  to  stand  in  the  foremost 
ground.  That  his  inventive  powers  were  of  the  first  order,  no  one 
can  doubt;  nor  that  he }}O^S'-s^td  the  a>i,  above  most  other  men,  of 
infunn/j  itito  his  }>erfurmane'S  all  the  gmtiine  pjtfios  (tf  nature, 
with'nif  th''  /ca.^t  appirent  ejforl  or  exaggeration." — M'ilson. 

Sir  Walter  Scott  thus  defines  the  pathos  which  affects  us 
80  sensibly  in  the  writings  of  De  Foe: 

'■  Pathos  is  not  De  Foe's  general  characteristic ;  he  h.ad  too  little 
delicacy  of  mind.  When  it  comes,  it  comes  uncalled,  and  is  cre- 
ated by  the  circumstances,  not  sought  for  by  the  author.  The  ex- 
cess, for  instance,  of  the  natural  longing  fir  human  society  which 
Crusoe  manifests  while  on  board  of  the  stranded  Spanish  ves,';el, 
by  falling  into  a  sort  of  agony,  as  he  repeated  the  words,  *  Oh  that 
hut  one  man  bad  been  saved!  oh  that  there  had  been  but  one!'  is 
in  the  highest  degree  pathetic.  The  agonizing  refiections  of  the 
solitarv,  when  he  is  in  danger  of  being  driven  to  sea.  in  his  rash 
attempt  to  circumnavigate  his  island,  are  also  affecting.'' 

'■  He  must  be  acknowledged  as  one  of  the  ablest,  as  he  was  one 
of  the  most  captivating,  writers  of  which  this  isle  can  boast." — 
Ch.^lmers, 

In  an  estimate  of  the  writings  of  De  Foe,  tho  strongly- 
marked  moral  and  religious  tendency  of  his  compositions 
must  by  no  means  be  forgotten.  Tho  eminent  authority 
just  quoted,  who,  as  his  biographer,  carefully  investigated 
the  incidents  of  a  troubled  life  extending  to  the  threescore 
and  ten  years  allotted  to  man,  declares  as  the  result  of  his 
investigations  that 

"  The  events  of  his  life  prove  him  entitled  to  the  praise  of  inte- 
grity, sincerity,  and  unvaried  consistency." — SiK  Walter  Scott. 

Anotlier  biographer  remarks  that  his  review  of  the  life 
and  writings  of  De  Foe  had  satisfied  him  that 

"Religion  was  uppermost  in  his  mind;  that  he  reaped  its  con- 
solations, and  lived  under  a  habitual  sense  of  its  practical  import- 
ance."— WlLS'lN. 

"I  am  a  stoick,"  says  he,  "in  whatever  may  be  the  event  of 
things.  I'll  do  and  sav  what  I  think  is  a  debt  to  justice  and  truth, 
without  the  least  regard  to  clamour  and  reproach:   and,  as  I  am 


rr€W,  iii.  354.  1S21.  ,      t    ,.  p  ^ 

De  Forest,  J.  W.  1.  History  of  the  Indians  of  Con- 
necticut from  the  Earliest  Known  Period  to  1850,  Hartford, 
8vo.  2.  Oriental  Acquaint.ance  :  in  a  series  of  letters  from 
Asia  Minor,  N.  York,  185fi,  12mo.  3.  European  Acquaint- 
ance- being  Sketches  ofPeople  in  Europe,  N.Y.,lS5S,12mo. 

Uegg,  Simon.     A  Skeleton,  Ac,  Phil.  Trans.,  1727. 

Desse,Sir  Simon.  The  P.arson'8  Counsellor,  and  Law 
of  Tithes,  Lon.,  1G76,  Svo ;  7th  ed.,  by  C.Ellis,  1S20,  Syo. 

•■  A  text-book  which  Richards  referred  to,  as  he  had  always  un- 
stood  it  to  be  a  book  of  some  value  as  an  authority."— J/un)m'8 
Lenal  BM. 

"Ucgols,  Gerard.     Serms.,  &c.,  1711-26. 

Degravere,  J.     Thesaurus  Remediorum,  Lon.,  1662. 

Dt'liany,  \\m.  K.     Turnpike  Acts,  Lon.,  1S23,  12mo. 

Uc  Hart,  W.  C.     Military  Law,  N.  York,  1S46,  Svo. 

Uehou,  Theodore,  D.D.,  1776-1S17,  a  nalive  of 
Boston,  graduated  at  Harvard  College,  1795;  Keetor  of 
Trinity  Church,  Newport,  R.  L,  179S;  of  St.  Michael's, 
Charleston,  S.  C,  1809  ;  Bishop  of  S.  Carolina,  1812. 

'•  lie  was  respected  as  a  man  of  talents,  and  beloved  for  his 
amiable  .lualities  and  many  virtues."- vl«<n's  .-Imer.  Biog.  Diet. 

He  pub.  several  discourses  before  societies  and  some 
serms.  90  Serms.  on  the  Public  Means  of  Grace.  &c., 
1821,  2  vols.  8vo  ;  new  ed.,  Lon.,  1823,  2  vols.  Svo ;  Amer. 
ed.,  N.  York,  1857,  2  vols.  8vo. 

"  .\  silvery  eloiiuence  runs  through  the  whole  texture  of  these 
discourses."— I.i>n.  Christian  Observer. 

"  His  sermons  are  useful,  interesting,  and  eloquent."— Z>aj-Ii«p  s 

Deighan,  Paul.     Arithmetic  and  Key,  Dubl.,  1809. 

Deios,  Lawrence.  Serms.  against  Antichrist,  Lon., 
1509,  Svu. 

Dekar,  H.     Predestination.  2d  ed.,  1779,  Svo. 

De  Kay,  James  E.  Sketches  of  Turkey  in  1831,  '32, 
New  York,  8vo.  Natural  History  of  New  York;  Zoology, 
vols.  1-5.  This  work  is  in  I5vol5.  4to,  pub.  in  Albany, 
1842-49.  The  introduction  is  by  Hon.  Wm.  H.  Seward,  late 
Governor  of  N.  Y'ork.  See  Rich's  Bibliotheca  Americana 
Nova;  Roorbach's  Bibliotheca  Americana. 

Dekker,  Thomas.     Sec  Deckkr. 

De  La  Bechc,  Sir  Henry  Thomas,  17M-185.'), 
a  native  of  London,  entered  the  Royal  Military  College  in 
1810,  and  became  a  member  of  the  Gcol.  Soc.  in  1817.  He 
was  knighted  in  1848.  Trans,  of  a  Select,  of  the  Geolog. 
Memoirs  in  the  Aiinales  des  Mines,  with  Notes,  Lon.,  1824, 
Svo,  and  1836.  Geolog.  Notes,  1830,  Svo.  Sections  and 
Views  illus.  of  Geolog.  Phenomena,  1830,  4to.  Geolog. 
Manual,  1832,  Svo.  How  to  Observe,  Geology,  1835, 
sm.  Svo,  and  2d  ed. 

"  It  is  a  truly  Baconian  volume;  a  sort  of  Ifomm  Organm  of 
Geologv." 

Reiiort  on  tho  Geology  of  Cornwall,  Devon,  and. Somer- 
set, 1839,  Svo.     The  Geological  Obsemr,  with  upwards 


utterly  unconcerned  at  human  opinion,  the  people  that   throw  "    '            '                   .„.,    „     "  gd  ed  ,  1853. 

away  their  breath  so  freely  in  censuring  me  may  consider  of  some  of  300  wood-cuts,  IS51,  "J"' j'^  "="''  Jf  ,i      ,^    hibours  of 

Luir  imnrovement  to  make  of  their  passions  than  to  waste  them  "  No  one  could  be  found  so  capable  of  duecting  ine  laoours  oi 

on"  man'thatT  both  above  and  below'  the  reach  of  thein.   I  know  the  young  geologist,  or  to  aid  IjJ  his  ow^  experience  the  su^ 

too  much  of  the  world  to  expect  good  in  it,  and  have  learnt  to  value  dies  of  those  who  may  not  have  been  able  to  range  .so  ixnnsiveiy 

ittooUttleto*^Lconcom^S^                  1  have  gone  through  a  life  ,  over  the  earths  smli.ce.    We  strongly  recommend  b.r  Uenrj  De 


DEL 


DEL 


la  Beche's  book  to  those  -who  desire  to  know  what  has  been  done, 
and  to  learn  somethint^  of  the  wide  exauiination  which  yet  lies 
waitini;  for  the  industrious  olisfrver." — Lnn.  AthmKEum . 

De  La  Cour  or  Delacour,  James,  an  Irish  poet, 
1709-1781.  was  e<lucated  at  Trinity  CoUese.  Dublin,  and 
subsequently  took  billy  orders.    Abelardto  Eloisa;  a  Poem, 
172y.     In  imitatiun  of  Pope.    The  Prospect  of  Poetry,  1733. 
Delafaye,  Thco.     Serms.,  &c.,  1745-63. 
Delafon,  W,     Naval  Court  Martinis,  Lon.,  1805.  8vo. 
Delamaiii,  Rich.     Lands  in  Ireland,  Lon.,  1641,  fol. 
Delaniaiu,  Uobert.     Mathemat.  treatises,  1630,  '31. 
Delamayiie,  Thos.     Essay  on  Man,  1779,  4to. 
Delaniere,  Henry,  Earl  of  Warrington.     Collection 
of  his  Speeches,   Lou.,  1694,  fol.     Works  and  Speeches, 
1694.  Svo. 

Delmote,  P.  Intrnduc.  to  Mviscke,  Lon.,  1574,  8vo. 
De  Laiicey,  Mm.  lleathcotc,  D.D..  LL.D..  Prot. 
Episcopal  Bii^hnp  of  Western  New  York,  a  descend.ant  of 
Chief  Justice  De  Laneey,  was  born  in  1797  at  Mauuironeck, 
Westchester  county.  New  York ;  graduated  at  Yale  Col- 
lege, 1817;  Provost  of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania, 
1828;  assistant  rector  in  1833,  and  rector  in  1836,  of  St. 
Peter's  Church,  Philada. ;  consecrated  bishop  of  the  dio- 
cese of  Western  New  Y'ork,  1839.     Sermons,  &c. 

Delane,  Johu  T.,  the  editor  of  The  London  Times, 
was  educated  at  Magdalen  Hall,  Oxford,  where  he  took 
his  degree. 

'■As  the  responsilile  head  nf  the  most  widely  circulated  paper 
in  London.  Mr.  Dt-lane  pmbably  exercises  as  threat  a  power  for  stood 
—or  for  mischief— as  any  man  in  England." — Men  nf  the  time, 
Lon.,  1S53. 

Delane,  W.F.  A.  Turnpike  Acts.  Lon.,  1828, 12mo. 
Laws  for  reg.  the  Highways,  1835,  12mo.  Electors,  2d 
ed..  1836,  12mo. 

Delauey,  General  Oliver.  Considerations  on  the 
Propriety  of  Imposing  Taxes  in  the  British  Colonies,  Lon., 
1766. 

Delany,  3Iary,  1700-1788,  a  daughter  of  Bernard 
Granville,  Esq..  afterwards  Lord  Lansdowne,  was  married 
first  to  Alexander  Peudarves,  and  then  to  Dr.  Patrick  De- 
lany. She  corresponded  with  the  literary  celebrities  of  the 
day,  and  her  letters  have  been  much  admired.  Late  in  life 
she  commenced  writing  poetry.  Letters  of  Mrs.  Delany 
to  Mrs.  Frances  Hamilton,  1779-88,  8vo;  1821.  This  vol. 
contains  many  anecdotes  relating  to  the  royal  family.  See 
the  Diary  of  Mmc.  D'Arblay. 

Delany,  Patrick,  I686?-1768,  a  native  of  Ireland, 
was  educated  at,  and  Fellow  of,  Trinity  College,  Dulilin: 
became  Chancellor  of  Christ  Church,  and  Prebendary  of 
St.  Patrick's,  Dublin;  Dean  of  Down,  1744.  lie  was  an 
intimate  friend  of  Dean  tSwift,  and  wrote  some  strictures 
upon  Lord  Orrery's  Remarks  ">n  the  Life  and  AVritings  of 
that  distinguished  author.  The  Tribune,  a  Periodical  Pa- 
per, continued  through  20  Nos.,  commencing  in  1729.  Re- 
velation Examined  with  Candour,  1732-63,  3  vols.  8vo; 
3d  ed.  of  the  2  vols.,  1735;  4th  ed.,  1745,  anon. 

"  In  this  work  Br.  Delany  discovers  a  very  considerable  portion 
oflearning.  research,  and  acuteness.  It  contains  many  tbiii'Ts  not 
to  be  found  in  the  ordinary  class  of  comment.itors;  some  things 
that  are  fanciful;  and  some  thinjrs  not  in  unison  with  geuerally 
received  opinions.'' — Orine's  Bthl.  Bib. 

*'lt  is  a  work  of  uncommon  merit,  and  too  little  known.  It  com- 
prises a  number  of  Dissertations  on  the  most  important  facts  and 
histories  in  the  sacred  writin;;s;  and  especially  those  which  have 
been  cavilled  at  by  Deists  and  freethinkers  of  every  description. 
In  every  case  he  is  master  of  his  subject;  and  in  every  instance 
his  pretended  Anakim  opponents  die  grasshoppers  in  his  hands." 
— Dr.  Adam  Clakke. 

*'  An  able  defence  of  Natural  and  Kevealed  Religion  against 
Atheists  and  Deists." — Bickersteth. 

Reflections  upon  Polygamy,  1733.  Hist.  Account  of 
the  Life  and  Reign  of  David,  King  of  Israel,  1740-42,  3 
vols.;  1745,  *5S,  '69,  anon. 

"A  very  interestinji  and  elegant  work.  If  it  is  drawn  up  with 
less  sobriety  of  judi^ment  and  severity  of  criticism  than  the  Life 
of  David  by  Dr.  Chandler,  it  displays  much  greater  rehuement  and 
delicacy  of  thou;:ht  and  manner." — Williams's  Christinn  Preacher. 
'•  Unfortunately  for  its  n-putation,  a  similar  life  of  David  bv  Dr. 
Chandler  provokes  comparison;  and  every  one  who  has  read  the 
two  performances,  will  have  no  hesitation  in  preferring  the  work 
of  Chandler  to  that  of  Delany.  It  is  more  valuable,  both  as  a  book 
of  Scripture  criticism,  and  of  general  information." — Ornie's  Bibl. 
Bib. 

Bickersteth  thus  draws  the  comparison : 
"Chandler  more  critical  and  sober  in  judgment;  Delany  finer 
thoughts  and  more  tnsti'.    Chandler  too  much  palliates  David's 
crimes." — C'liristiiin  S(it*h-nt. 

"  A  respectabl.-and  ii^ifiil  work,  but  greatly  inferior  to  Dr.  Chand- 
ler's masterly  Critical  llistory  of  the  Life  of  David." — Onne's  Bibl. 
Bib. 

Serms.  upon  Social  Duties,  1744,  8vo;  1747,  '50. 
"The  Practical  Duties  of  Relij:ion  are  enforced  with  jjreat  Energy ; 
and  an  amiable  J^pirit  of  Candour,  Benevolence,  and  Piety  breathes 
throughout  all  his  Discourses." 


Delany  pub.  a  number  of  sep.aratc  sermons,  «S:c.  His 
last  work  was  the  following:  Eighteen  Discourses  and  Dis- 
sertations upon  various  very  important  and  interesting  Sub- 
jects, 1766,  8vo.  See  a  notice  of  this  volume — especially 
two  dissertations  at  the  end — in  Orme's  Bibl.  Bib. 

"Delany  was  a  man  of  ability  and  learning;  dis^posed  occasion- 
allv  to  use  his  &ncy.  and  to  reason  contidently  on  doubtful  or  dis- 
p\ited  premises.  There  is  also  a  great  lack  of  evangelical  sentiment 
ill  his  writings." — Ormk,  ubi  supra. 

Delap,Dr.  J.  The  Royal  Suppliants;  aTrag.,Lon., 
1731,  8vo.  Tlic  Captives;  a  Trag.,  1786,  8vo.  Elegies, 
1788.  '[){).     Sedition;  an  Ode,  1702. 

DeLip,  John,  D.D.     Serm.,  1762,  4to. 

Do  I^ara,  O.  E.    Key  to  Portuguese,  Lon.,  1825,  ISmo. 

Delaune,  Henry,  Legacy  to  his  Sons,  Lon.,  1057, 
sm.  4to. 

"  A  misct-llany  of  precepts,  theological,  moral,  political,  oecono- 
mical.  diirest.'d  into  seven  centuries  of  ijuadrins." 

'■'I'licadniniiiii.ms  ill  this  volume  are  estimable,  the  style  nervous, 
and  the  versitication.  in  general,  correct." — WttVs  Bibl.  Brit. 

Delaune,  Thos.  The  Present  State  of  London,  &c., 
1681,  12mo.  Continued  by  a  Careful  Uand  to  1690,  1690, 
12mo. 

"  Nor  is  De  Lauu's  pretended  stjite  of  the  city  much  different 
from  what  we  have  there  [in  Stow's  Chronicle."] — Bishop  Nicolson's 
Enf,.  Hi.^i..  lib.  l.i. 

Delaune,  Thomas.  Theolog.  treatises,  1667-1728. 
In  answer  to  Dr.  Calamy's  discourse  Concerning  a  Scru- 
pulous Conscience,  he  wrote  A  Plea  for  the  Nonconformists, 
1684. 1704,  4to;  preface  by  I>anicl  De  Foe.  His  opponents 
replied  by  putting  him  in  the  pillory,  taking  off  his  ears, 
fining  and  impris'ining  him.     He  die<l  in  prison. 

DcKiune,  Wni.,  D.D.,  Pres.  of  St.  John's  Coll.,  and 
Margaret  Pn.f.  of  Divinity  in  O.xford.  Serm.,  1702,  4to- 
Twelve  Serms..  Lini..  ITi'x,  8vo. 

Delaval,  Edward  Ilussey,  1729-1814,  an  eminent 
chemist  and  natural  philosopher.  Exper.  Inquiry  rel.  to 
the  Changes  of  Colours  in  Opake  and  Coloured  Bodies, 
Lon.,  1744,  4to.  In  French,  Paris,  1778,  8vo.  In  Italian, 
Mil.,  1779,  Svo;  Eolog.,  1779,  8vo.  Exper.  Inquiry  into 
the  Causes  of  the  Permanent  Colours  of  Opake  Bodies, 
Warr..  1785.  8vo.     Con.  to  Phil.  Trans..  1759,  '64,  *65. 

De  La  Warre.     True  Rehition  of  Virginia,  1611,  4to. 

Delepierre,  J.  Octave.  Old  Flanders;  or.  Popular 
Traditions  and  Legends  of  Belgium,  Lon.,  1845,  2  vols, 
p.  8vo. 

'•Twovolumes  written  with  considerable  spirit.  They  will  afford 
pleasure  to  many  a  reader  as  the  long  evenings  of  winter  draw  on.'* 
— Lon.  Erdviitu-r. 

Deletanville,  Thos.     Guides  to  French,  Lon.,  1758. 

Deljiailo,  Isaac.  New  Translation  of  the  JPenta- 
teuch,  Lun.,  1789,  4to. 

"■  A  learned  London  Jew.  who  has  given  some  good  observations 
on  the  i'eutateuch.'' — Dr.  Geddes. 

'■The  work  altogether  is  not  equal  to  its  pretensions,  and  both 
the  translation  aiul  the  not^s  discover  the  intluence  of  Jewish  pre- 
judice."—OrHig's  Bil'l.  Bib. 

Delisser,  Richard  L.,  born  in  the  West  Indies  in 
1820,  1.  Interest  and  Average  Tables,  N.  Y.  2.  Complete 
Time  Tables.  3.  Ready  Reckoner.  4.  Elements  of  Book 
Keeping,  .fee. 

Dell,  George.     Serm.,  1711,  4to. 

Dell,  John,  d.  at  Slurry,  in  Kent.  1810,  aged  5.3.  Po- 
etical Effusions  of  the  Heart,  1783,  Svo.  Contributed  to 
periodical.^  under  the  signature  of  Rusticus. 

Dell,  Jonas.     Theolog.  treatises,  Lon.,  1646.  '56, '58. 

Dell,  Win.,  Rector  of  Yelden,  and  Master  of  fionvil 
and  Caius  Cullege  :  ejected,  1662,  Serms.  and  theolog. 
treatises,  1645-97.     Select  Works,  Lon.,  1773,  8vo. 

De  liOier,  Peter.  Treatise  of  Specters  or  Straunge 
Sights,  Vi.-^ions,  and  Apparitions  appearing  sensibly  unto 
Men,  1605,  4to. 

De  Lolme,  John  Tjouis,  1745-1807,  a  Swiss  lawyer, 
resided  for  some  years  in  England,  where  at  times  he  re- 
quired the  assistance  of  the  Literary  Fund.  He  died  in 
Switzerland.  A  Parallel  between  the  English  Government 
and  the  Former  Government  of  Sweden,  Lon.,  1772.  Later 
eds.  of  this  work  include  the  English  version  of  the  follow- 
ing: The  Constitution  of  English;  written  in  French  and 
pub.  in  Holland;  trans,  into  English,  and  pub.  in  1775, 
with  the  Parallel,  3d  ed.,  1781;  4th.  1784,  with  Notes  by 
Dr.  Chas.  Coote,  1807,  8vo.  Late  eds.,  1822,  Svo.  With 
Notes  by  W.  Hughes,  1834,  Svo  ;  by  Stephens,  1838,  2  vols. 
Svo;  by  T.  G.  Western,  1838,  Svo;  by  J.  Macgregor,  1853, 
p.  Svo. 

De  Lolme  has  been  blamed  for  too  excessive  and  general 
admiraticm  of  the  Constitution  of  England;  but  this  is  a 
point,  we  tbiuk,  in  which  exaggeration  is  not  easy.  The 
merits  of  this  work  are  unquestionable.  Lords  Chatham 
and  Camden  commend  it  highly. 

491 


DEL 

"A  performance  deep,  solid,  and  ingenious." — Jdntus. 
"The  author  has  presented  a  view  of  English  Equity  Jurispru- 
dence, far  more  exact  and  comprehensive  than  many  of  the  Eng- 
lish text'Writers  on  the  same  sut  ject."— Chikf  Justice  Story.^ 

"  It  is  unquestionably  a  liiniiiinus.  candid,  concise,  yet  satisfac- 
tory, exposition  of  the  Tlrifisli  constitution,  and  is  written  in  a  pure 
and  nervous  style.*' — H"Jfmaii's  Lnjal  Study,  148. 

Hist,  of  the  Flagellants;  or,  Memorials  of  Human  Su- 
perstition, 1788,  4to. 

"  .Scarcely  reconcilable  to  decorum  in  style  or  matter.'' 
Observations  upon  the  late  National  Embarrassment,  Ac., 
1789,  8vo.  The  writer  coincides  with  Mr.  Pitt.  Essay 
containing  Strictures  on  the  Union  of  Scotland  with  Eng- 
land, ka.,  1787,  4to.  This  was  pub.  as  an  introduc.  to  De 
Foe's  Hist,  of  the  Union.  He  pub.  some  other  treatises. 
See  an  interesting,  yet  distressing,  account  in  De  Lolme's 
Narrative,  prefixed  to  his  essay,  of  the  difficulties  he  ex- 
perienced in  bringing  his  great  work  before  the  public : 

''  When  my  enlart;ed  Enfilish  edition  was  ready  for  the  press,  had 
I  acquainted  ministers  that  I  was  prepared  to  lioil  my  tea-kettle 
with  it.  for  want  of  being  al>le  to  afford  the  expenses  of  printing 
it" — ministers,  it  seems,  would  not  have  considered  that  he  was 
lighting  his  tire  "  with  myrrh  and  cassia  and  precious  ointment." 
See   Disr.^eli■s  Calamities  of  Authors. 

"De  Lolnie  had  the  art  of  pleasing  in  conversation,  though  the 
graces  did  not  appear  in  his  manner  or  deportment.  He  had  a  turn 
for  pleasantry  and  humour;  and  has  been  compared  to  Uurke  for 
the  variety  of  his  allusions  and  the  felicity  of  his  illustrations." 
See  Dr.  Chas.  Coote's  Preface  to  the  work  on  the  Constitution,  ed. 
1607,  8vo. 

Deloney,  Thomas.  Declaration  made  by  the  Archbp. 
of  CoUen  upon  the  Deed  of  his  Marriage,  Lon.,  1583,  12mo. 
See  Lowndes's  Bibl.  Man.  for  other  pieces. 
Delta.     See  Mom,  D.iviD  M.^cbeth. 
Delvin,  George.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1795,  8vo. 
Demaii,  E.  V.     Flax,  its  Cultivation  and  Manage- 
ment, 1851. 

"This  e.ssay  is  not  inferior  to  the  many  treatises  on  Flax." — 
DonuhUou's  AgTiciiU.  Biog. 

Deinarvllle.     Y.  L.adies'  Geography,  1758,  2  vols. 
Demetrius,  Charles.    Newes  from  Gulick and  Cleve, 
Lon.,  iei5,  4to. 

Democritus  Secuiidus,  a  fictitious  name.  The 
Fellow  Traveller,  through  Cily  and  Countrey;  Book  of 
Stories,  Lon.,  165S,  12mo. 

Demoivre,  Abraham,  1667-1757,  a  native  of  Cham- 
pagne, spent  most  of  his  life  in  England,  where  he  died 
in  the  above  year.  Miscellanea  Analytica,  Ac,  Lon.,  1730, 
4to.  Doctrine  of  Chances,  or  a  Method  of  calculating  the 
Probabilities  of  Events  in  Play,  1718.  4to;  best  ed.,  1756, 
4to.  Annuities  on  Lives,  1724,  '60,  '52,  8vo.  He  contri- 
buted a  number  of  papers  to  Phil.  Trans, 

De  Morgan,  Augustus,  b.  Ibliii.  in  the  island  of 
Modma,  coast  id'  Java:  Prol.  of  Mathemat.  in  University 
College,  Loudon.  His  lather  was  an  officer  in  the  British 
Army.  Has  pub.  a  number  of  valuable  works  on  Algebra. 
Arithmetic,  Trigonometry,  Logic,  Ac.  In  1847  he  gave 
to  the  world  a  volume  exhibiting  much  research,  entitled 
Arithmetical  Books  from  the  Invention  of  Printing  to  the 
Present  Time.  Every  teacher  and  student  of  Mathematics 
—and  of  course  every  bibliographer— should  possess  this 
volume.     See  Knight's  Eng.  Cyc. 

Dempsey,  G.  Drysdale.  1.  Papers  on  Railways, 
Lon.,  1845,  4to.  2.  Practical  Railway  Engineering;  4th 
ed.,  1855,  4to.  3.  Brick  Bridges.  Sewers,  and  Culverts, 
1850,  4to.  4.  Ex.amples  of  Iron  Roofs,  1850,  41o.  5.  Iron 
applied  to  Railway  Structure.  1850,  4to.  6.  Malleable 
Iron  Bridges,  1850,  4to.  7.  The  Builder's  Guide  in  Mate- 
rials and  "construction;  2d  ed.,  1857,  4to.  8.  Machinery 
•  of  the  Nineteenth  Century,  1852,  Ac,  4to.  9.  Railway 
.  Stations.  Engine-Houses,  Ac,  with  folio  plates.  1856.  10. 
Ten  Bridges,  with  details,  1856,  4to.  11.  Working-Draw- 
ings of  Stations,  Ac,  1856,  4to.     Other  works. 

Dempster,  George,  1736-1818,  a  native  of  and  M.P, 
for  Dundee,  Scotland.     Discourse  containing  a  Summary 


DEN 


of  the  Directors  of  the  Society  for  Extending  the  Fisheries 
of  Great  Britain,  1789.  Magnetic  Mountains  of  Cannay, 
8vo.     Letters  in  Agricult,  Mag.     Papers  and  Speeches. 

Dempster,  Thomas,  1579-1625,  a  native  of  Scot- 
laud,  studied  at  Pemlir.jkc  Hall,  Cambridge,  and  at  Paris, 
and  became  distinguished  for  his  erudition.  Ho  was  pro- 
fessor successively  at  Paris,  Pisa,  and  Bologna,  and  died 
in  the  last-named  city.  He  pub.  several  works,  a  list  of 
•which  wUl  be  found  in  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit.  His  best-known 
production  is  Historia  Ecclesiastica  (icntis  Scotorum,  Bo- 
Bon.,  1627,  4to.  Reprinted  for  the  Bann.atyne  Club,  1829, 
2  vols.  4to.     This  work  is  not  at  all  to  bo  relied  on. 

"Tho.  Dempster,  though  he  was  no  Jesuit,  stands  fair  for  the 
remaining  part  of  his  character  tliat  he  'was  as  well  inclined  to 
believe  a"'lye  a.s  any  man  in  his  time;'  and  was  as  well  quiilificd  to 
put  it  into  a  pretty  dress  of  poetry."— i'ls/mi)  Nicolsim's  .v™(.  HM. 
Lib.,  5S ;  nncl  the  BisUop  of  St.Asuph's  Uist.  Account,  p.  163. 
ie2 


*'  ITc  sbaniefnlly  published  I  know  not  how  many  fables."— BatIB. 
"IlewniM  have  wished  that  all  learned  men  had  been  Scots. 
He  for^'.il  tilli-s  nf  books  which  were  never  published,  to  raise  the 
elorv  '"t  bis  native  country,  and  has  been  guilty  of  several  cheat- 
ing tricks,  by  which  he  has  lost  his  credit  among  men  of  learning." 
— M.  Baillet. 

See  Mtickenzie's  Lives;  McCrie's  Melville;  Chambers  s 
Scot.  Biog. 
Dendy,  Edw.  Petition  to  Pari.,  Lon.,  1654,  fol. 
Dendy,  Walter  Cooper.  Book  of  the  Nursery, 
Lon.,  12ino.  Diseases  of  the  Skin  in  Children,  8to.  Dis- 
eases of  the  Scalp,  1849,  r.  4to.  Phenomena  of  Dreams 
and  Illusions,  12mo.     Philosophy  of  Mystery,  1841,  8vo. 

"  It  reminds  in  every  page  of  the  erudite  Burton,  whose  Anatomy 
of  Melancholy  drives  aw.Ty  the  vapours  from  the  most  confirmed 
hypochondriac."— Z)r.  Jnlnism's  Journal. 

Varieties  of  Pock  delineated  and  described,  1853,  p.  8vo. 
Discourse  (ui  the  Birth  and  Pilgrimage  of  Thought,  1853, 
square.     The  Beautiful  Islets  of  Britaine.  1857,  p.  8vo. 

Dene,  Will«mus  de.  Historia  Roflfcnsis,  1314-50, 
successione  Episcoporum  et  priorum,  &c.  Vide  Wharton 
Anglia  Sacra,  i.  327. 

Denhani.  Miners'  Charters,  Lon.,  1657,  4to. 
Dt'iihtim,  Captain.  See  (iuLLV,  Robert. 
Di'uliam,  Dixon,  Col.,  R.N.,  and  Governorof  Sierra 
Leone,  au  enterprising  tr.avellor,  1786-1828.  Narrative 
of  Travels  and  Discoveries  in  Northern  and  Central  Africli, 
1822-24,  by  Denham,  Clapperton,  and  Oudney,  Lon.,  1826, 
4to;  2d  ed.,  1828,  2  vols.  8vo.  He  who  desires  to  become 
acquainted  with  Africa  and  the  Africans  must  not  neglect 
this  invaluable  work.  See  Clappemo.v,  Hogh;  Lander, 
RicnAim.  ,      ,  ,  ,„.,  , 

Denham,  Rev.  J.F.  Marriage  with  a  deceased  \V  ile  s 
Sister  defended,  Lon.,  1847,  8vo.  Spelling  and  Reading 
Book ;  3d  ed..  Parts  1  to  3,  1848,  12mo.  Other  works. 
Denham,  Sir  James  Stenart.  See  Steuart. 
Denham,  Sir  John,  161.5-1668,  a  native  of  Dublin, 
was  the  only  s<.n  of  Sir  ,Iohn  Dciibiim.  Baron  of  the  Ex- 
chequer,    in  1631  he  was  entered  (.f  Trin.  Coll.,  Oxford. 

"  But  being  looked  upon  as  a  slow  and  dreaming  youug  man  by 
bis  seniors  and  contemporaries,  and  giving  more  to  cards  and  dice 
than  his  study,  thev  could  never  then  in  the  least  imagine  that  be 
could  ever  enrich  the  world  with  his  liincy,  or  issue  of  his  braiu, 
as  he  afterwards  did." — Wood. 

This  habit  of  gaming  clung  to  him  in  after  life,  to  his 
great  loss  and  disgrace.  He  was  made  Governor  of  Farn- 
ham  Castle  by  Charles  I. ;  his  fortunes  were  depressed  dur- 
ing the  Commonwealth,  revived  in  the  Restoration.  In 
1641  he  pub.  his  Tragedy  of  the  Sophy,  which  elicited  the 
enthusiastic  commendation  of  Waller,  who  remarks  of  the 
author,  that 

"  He  broke  out  like  the  Irish  Rebellion,  threescore  thousand 
strong,  when  nobody  was  aware,  or  in  the  least  suspected  it." 

In  1643  appeared  his  poem  of  Cooper's  Hill,  which  esta- 
blished his  reputation  as  an  author.  He  wrote  a  number 
of  other  pieces — The  Destruction  of  Troy,  Cato  Major, 
Ae. — translated  portions  of  Virgil,  and  imitated  Tally. 
The  6th  ed.  of  his  collected  works,  entitled  Poems  and 
Translations,  with  the  Sophy,  a  Tragedy,  was  pub.  in  1719, 
12mo.  The  reputation  of  Denham  is  not  so  high  as  it  was 
formerly,  but  few  poets  have  been  more  warmly  commended 
by  several  rigid  critics.  The  approbation  of  Waller,  Prior, 
Dryden,  Warton,  and  Johnson,  is  no  slight  guarantee  of 
merit. 

" '  Cooper's  Hill.'  says  Dryden,  *  for  majesty  of  style,  is.  and  ever 
will  1«,  the  stand.ard  of  good  writings;'  and  Pope  eulogizes  it 
highly  in  his  Windsor  Forest. 

"Denham  is  deservedly  considered  as  one  of  the  fathers  of  Eng. 
lish  poetry.    Denham  and  Waller,  according  to  Prior,  improved 
onr  versification,  and  Dryden  perfected  it."— i>r.  Johnson's  Lires 
of  the  EnriHsh  rorts. 
Denham,  John  E.     Serms.,  Lon.,  1821,  8vo. 
Denham,  Joseph.     Serm.,  1741,  8vo. 
Denham.  N.   Trans,  of  the  Way  of  Lyfo,  Ac,  1578, 4to, 
Denham,  Mm.     Serms.,  1742,  '43,  '45. 
Denholm,  James.     History  of  Glasg.,  1797,  12mo. 
Many  ed,s.     Tour  to  the  Lakes,  1804,  sm.  Svo. 

Denio,  Hiram,  born  1799,  at  Rome,  N.  Y.,  a  resident 
of  Utic.a,  N.  Y.,  Judge  of  the  Court  of  Appeals.  Reports 
of  Cases  argued  and  determined  in  the  Supreme  Court,  and 
in  tho  Court  for  the  Correction  of  Error  of  the  State  of  New 
York,  1845-48,  5  vols.  Revised  Statutes  of  the  State  of 
N.  Y.,  4th  ed.,  1852,  2  vols.,  prepared  by  Hiram  Denio  and 
William  Tracv.  „„„    . 

Denison, Charles  Wheeler,  b.  in  Conn.,  1809.  Ame- 
rican Village  and  other  poems.  Contrib.  to  the  Knicker- 
bocker and  various  other  magazines  and  journals. 

Denison,  Daniel,  1613-1682.  Irenicon,  or  a  Salve 
for  New  England's  Sore.     This  is  annexed  to  Hubbard  s 

Fuul.  Serm.  « «  ,.  ,  ,n„„ 

Denison,  Edward,  D.D.,  Bishop  of  Salisbury,  1837, 


DEN 


DEN 


Perms.,  Charges,  &c.,  1836-44.  Serms.  before  the  Univ. 
of  0.\f.,  1836,  8vo. 

"  A  volumeof  sermnnsworthyof  the  perus.ilof  all  sound  church- 
men."— Churcfi  of  Ertff.  Quar.  Kev. 

Denison,  Edward  B.  Marriage  with  a  Wife's  Sis- 
ter, Lnn.,  1851.  8vo.  Bp.  of  E.\eter's  Speech  on  the  Mar- 
riage Bill.  3ci  efl.,  1851,  p.  Svo. 

Denison,  George  Anthony.  Serm..  Lon.,  1S50. 8vo. 

Denison,  John,  d.  at  Reading,  1628-29.  Serms.  and 
treatises.  1616-24. 

Denison,  Mary  Andrews,  b.  in  Cambridge,  Mass., 
1826.  Author  of  Home  Tietures,  N.  York,  12mo.  What 
Noty  Phila.,  12mo.  Carrie  Hamilton,  Phila.,  12mo.  Gracie 
Amber,  N.York,  12rao.  Old  Hepsy  :  a  Tale  of  the  South, 
Js.  York,  18.')8,  12mo,  Has  eontriluifed  extensively  to 
many  of  the  lending  journals  of  the  Union. 

Denison,  Stephen.  Serms.,  Lon.,  1620-27.  The 
White  Wolfe,  1627,  4to.  At  p.  88  will  be  found  a  catalogue 
of  88  Sects  and  Heresies  which  sprang  up  in  the  primitive 
Church.  John  Hethorington  was  principally  aimed  at  in 
this  discourse.  He  was  obliged  to  recant  his  "fanatical 
doctrines"  before  the  king. 

"The  book  comprehends  .a  str.ange  mixture  of  learning  and  ex- 
travagant reasoniofj;.  and  is  altogether  a  siuyular  curiosity." — 
B>'lr':;^s  Anecdittiis  of  Scarce  Books. 

Dennran,  Jacob  S.,  b.  1814,  in  Now  Jersey.  Stories 
for  Children,  16mo.  Compiler  of  a  series  of  Heading  Books, 
in  8  parts. 

Denman,  Joseph,  M.D.     Buxton  Water,  1793.  Svo. 

Denman,  Thomas,  M.D.,  a  native  of  Derbyshire, 
practised  in  the  Royal  Navy,  and  subsetiuently  in  London. 
He  pub.  several  works  upon  obstetrics,  «tc.,  the  best-known 
of  which  is  Iiitroduc.  to  Theory  and  Prac.  of  Midwifery, 
6th  ed.,  1824,  Svo. 

Denmark,  Alex.,  M.D.     Med.  Chir.  Tr.ans.,  ISl.S. 

Denne,  Henry.     Serms.,  <te.,  Lon.,  1642-60. 

Deune,  John.     Answer  to  Bunyau,  1673,  Svo. 

Denne,  John,  D.D.,  1693-1767,  Archdeacon  of  Ro- 
chester, and  Rector  of  Lambeth.  Serms.,  Ac,  1720-77. 
Articles  of  Inquiry  for  a  Par.  Visitation,  1732,  4to.  Dr. 
D.  was  a  learned  auti<iuary,  and  contributed  to  Lewis's 
Life  of  Wicliff. 

Deune,  John.     Serm.,  1753.  4to. 

Denne,  Samncl,  1730-1799,  Vicar  of  Darent,  and 
SOD  of  the  Archdeacon  of  Rochester.  Hist,  and  Antiq.  of 
Rochester,  1772.  Palace  of  Mayfield,  1787,  4lo.  Hist. 
Partio.  of  Lambeth  Parish  and  Palace,  1795,  4to.  This 
forms  part  of  vol.  i.  of  the  Supp.  to  Nichols's  Bib.  Top. 
Brit.,  and  is  perhaps  the  scarcest  of  the  whole  series.  Dr. 
D.  pub.  many  antiiiuarian  papers  in  Archieol.,  1787-1800. 

Denneston,  E.     Revenue  of  Excise,  1707,  4to. 

Dennie,  Joseph,  1768-1812,  a  native  of  Boston, 
graduated  at  Harvard  University  in  1790.  Adopting  the 
profession  of  the  law,  he  opened  an  otSco  at  Walpole,  New 
Hampshire,  but  found  little  encouragement,  and  determined 
to  devote  himself  to  literary  pursuits.  In  1795  ho  pub.  in 
Boston,  The  Tatler,  a  weekly  paper,  and  issued  at  Walpole, 
The  Farmer's  Museum.  In  this  periodical  appeared  the 
essays  by  which  he  is  best  known,  entitled  The  Lay  Preacher. 
In  1799  Mr.  Pickering,  Secretary  of  State,  protl'cred  him 
aclerkship,  and  he  removed  to  Philadelphia,  where  in  1801 
he  established  The  Port  Folio,  which  he  conducted  until 
his  death  in  1812.  He  enjoyed  great  reputation  as  a  writer 
during  his  life,  and  for  some  years  after  his  decease.  Pa- 
triarchs of  the  "  lean  and  slippered  pant.aloon" — who  per- 
haps composed  a  part  of  the  "  mob  of  gentlemen  who  wrote 
with  ease"  about  the  beginning  of  this  century — still  ex- 
tol the  melodious  cadence  and  liquid  flow  of  the  essays  of 
the  American  Addison.  We  ourselves  are  so  old-fashioned 
as  to  consider  Dennie  a  charming  writer. 

"The  Lay  Preacher  of  Dennie.  and  his  articles  in  the  Portfolio, 
seem  to  me  feeble  and  affected,  though  occasionally  marked  by 
considerable  excellence.  It  was  natural  to  overrate  him,  as  in  his 
time  we  had  very  few  writers  with  whom  he  could  be  compared. 
For  several  years  after  the  death  of  Brockden  Brown.  I  believe  he 
was  the  only  man  in  the  country  who  made  literature  a  profession. 
...  He  was  a  preat  favourite  in  society,  and  his  brilliant  social 
qualities  gave  him  a  factitious  reputation  as  a  man  of  letters 
There  is  nothing  in  his  writings  deserving  of  reputation." — Oris- 
wohl's  Pr<*sf.  Writirs  r,f  America. 

Dennie,  Lt.  Col.  VVm.  H.,  R.A.,  d.  1842,  a  dis- 
tiugnished  officer,  mortally  wounded  at  the  siege  of  Jella- 
laljad.  Personal  Narrative  of  the  Campaigns  in  Affghan- 
istan,  Lon.,  1843,  12mo. 

Dennis,  C.  and  U.  Lloyd.  A  trans,  of  the  Contes 
Moraux  of  Marmontol.  under  the  title  of  Moral  Tales,  Lon., 
1781.  3  vols.  Sv.i;   Perth,  1792,  4  vols.  12mo. 

Dennis,  George.  The  Cid;  a  short  Chronicle, 
founded  on  the  early  poetry  of  Spain,  Lon.,  1846,  ISmo. 
The  Cities  and  Cemeteries  of  Etruria,  1848,  2  vols.  Svo. 


*'Cet  ouvrago  ne  s'adresse  pas  seulement  aux  amateurs  d'antt 
quites.  A  cote  des  recherches  savants  dirigees  par  un  esprit  d'ob- 
sei'vation  tr6s  eminent,  il  offre  cet  interet  pnetique  presque  tou- 
jours  inseparable  du  recit  d'un  voyageur  enthousiaste.  qui  Bait 
en  quul(iue  sorte  nous  transporter  au  milieu  de  la  contree  qu'il 
decrit,  et  nous  faire  partager  toutes  ses  impressions.  C'est  k  la 
fois  un  travail  historique  de  grande  valem-.  et  un  guide  precieux 
pnur  lea  persnnnes  qui  veulent  visiter  I'ltalie  avec  fruit." — Biblio- 
Cheqiie  Ufiiv.  de  Gcnere. 

'■  These  volumes  are  a  valuable  storehouse  of  classical  and  anti- 
quarian lore  to  every  scholar:  and  the  most  general  reader  must 
be  attracted  by  their  pleasant,  though  somewhat  discursive,  style." 
—Ellin.  Nn\ 

See  Gh.\t,  Mrs.  Hamilton. 

Dennis,  Jonas.     Sermons,  Exeter,  1800.  Svo. 

Dennis,  John,  1657-1734,  a  native  of  London,  was 
educated  at  Cains  College,  and  Trinity  Hall,  Cambridge. 
He  obtained  considerable  notoriety  as  a  dramatic  and  jio- 
litical  writer  and  critic.  Plays,  Lon.,  1697-1720.  They 
consist  of— A  Plot  and  No  Plot;  Rinaldo  and  Armida; 
Iphigenia;  Liberty  Asserted;  Orpheus  and  Euridice,  a 
Masque;  Appius  and  Virginia;  The  Comical  Gallant,  (an 
alteration  of  Shakspeare's  Merry  Wives  of  Windsor;)  The 
Invader  of  his  Country,  (an  alteration  of  Coriolanu.s.)  Let- 
ters, 1718,  2  vols.  Svo.  Select  Works,  consisting  of  Plays, 
Poems,  etc.,  1718,  2  vols.  Svo.  Dennis  w,is  no  gentle  cri- 
tic; he  handled  Addison's  Cato  without  mercy,  and  his 
reflections  upon  Pope's  Essay  on  Criticism  secured  him  a 
place  in  the  Dunciad.  Dr.  Johnson  regretted  that  Den- 
nis's works  had  not  been  collected.  See  his  criticism  on 
Cato,  in  Johnsim's  Lives  of  the  British  Poets,  a  life  of 
Dennis  in  the  Biog.  Brit.,  and  a  sketch  of  his  character  in 
Disraeli's    Calamities  of  Authors. 

"Dennis  attained  to  the  ambiguous  honour  of  being  distin- 
guished as  '  The  Critic,'  and  he  may  yet  instruct  ns  how  the  moral 
inHuences  the  literary  character,  and  how  a  certain  talent  that 
can  never  mature  itself  into  genius,  like  the  pale  fruit  that  hangs 
in  the  shade,  ripens  only  into  sourness."  —  Disk.\eli,  ui^i  siijira, 

Dennis,  Samuel.     Sermons,  1736,  4to. 

Dennis,  T.  or  J.     Way  of  Curing  Diseases,  166S. 

Dennis,  Rev.  Thos.     Psalms  in  Blank  Verse,  1S07. 

Dennison,  J.     Legends  of  Galloway.  1825. 

Denuison,  Wni.    "Koligic.us  Doctrine,  1805. 

Dennistone,  M'altcr.     Psalmi  civ..  Edin..l696. 

Dennistoun,  George.     Med.  Con.  Ess.  Phys.,  1754. 

Denny,  E.     Theolog.  treatises.  Lon.,  1849. 

Denny,  Sir  E.     Hymns  and  Poems,  Lon.,  12mo. 

Denny,  Henry.  Monographia  Pselaphidorum  et 
Seydmamidarum  Britannia;,  Norwich,  1825,  Svo.  Mono- 
graphia Anoplurorum  Britannia-,  Lon.,  1842,  Svo. 

"  Do  not  depreciate  any  pursuit  which  leads  men  to  contemplata 
the  works  of  their  Creator."— Soithev. 

Denny,  John.     Diseases  of  Horses,  Lon.,  1802,  Svo. 

Denny,  Sir  \Vm.  Pelecanicidium,  or  the  Christian 
Adviser  against  Self-Murder,  Lon.,  1653,  Svo.  In  versa 
and  prose,  with  plates  by  Barlow.  Bindley  sale,  pt.  1, 
1769.  £13. 

Densell.     See  Holles,  Lord. 

Denston,  It.  L.     The  Atmosphere,  Lon.,  1806. 

Dent,  Arthur,  minister  of  South  Sonberry,  a  Puritan. 
A  Plaine  Man's  Pathway  to  Heaven,  Lon.,  1622. 

"A  pr.actical  trejitise."— iJ('c/.-*?r.'ii(V/i"5  Christian  S/iuIent. 

Other  theolog.  treatises  and  sermons,  1582-1617. 

Dent,  Edward.     Sermon,  Lon.,  1692.  4to. 

Dent,  Giles.     Sermons,  Lon.,  1707-13. 

Dent,  John.  The  Lawyer's  Panic,  or,  Westminster 
Hall  in  an  Upro.ar,  1785,  Svo.  Force  of  Love;  a  Novel, 
1786,  2  vols.  12mo.  The  Candidate;  a  Farce,  1782,  Svo. 
Too  Civil  by  Half;  a  Farce,  17S3,  Svo.  The  Telegraph, 
1795,  Svo. 

Dent,  John.  A  Catalogue  of  the  Library  of,  Lon., 
1825.  20  copies  privately  printed.  Dent  sale,  2  at£10  10s.; 
4  at  £12;  1  at  £12  2s.  6rf. 

Denton,  Daniel.  A  Brief  Description  of  New  York, 
with  the  Customs  of  the  Indians,  Lon.,  1670,  4to.  Very 
rare.  Reprinted,  (100  copies  4to,)  New  York,  1S45,  with 
Notes  by  Hon.  Gabriel  Furman. 

This  is  supposed  to  be  the  first  printed  description  in 
English  of  New  Y'ork  and  New  Jersey,  then  under  one 
government.  We  know  of  but  three  copies  of  the  original 
in  the  United  States :  one  in  the  N.  York  State  Library 
at  Albany,  one  in  the  Library  of  Harvard  University,  and 
the  one  from  which  Mr.  Furman  printed  his  edition.  A 
copy  was  sold  at  the  Nassau  sale  i'or  1S». ;  in  New  York, 
recently,  for  $31  ! 

Denton,  J.  Bailey.  Model  Mapping  for  Drainage 
and  Irrigation,  Lon.,  2d  ed.,  1842,  Svo. 

•■  We  hope  it  will  be  generally  taken  up,  and  become  a  Parlia- 
mentary subject." — Lf'ii.  Surveyor's  Journal. 
Other  works  on  Draining,  1S49,  '52. 


DEN  - - . 

Denton,  John,  1625-1708,  Prebendary  of  York,  pub. 
some  sermons  and  theolug.  treatises. 

Denton,  Thomas,  1724-1777,  Rector  of  Ashted, 
Surrey.  Religious  Retirement;  from  Gother.  Immortality, 
1755,  4to.  The  House  of  Superstition,  1762,  4to.  The  two 
preceding  are  poems,  and  are  thought  to  be  good  imitations 
of  Spenser.  Serm.,  1775,  8vo.  lie  compiled  the  supple- 
mental vol.  to  the  1st  ed.  of  the  Biographical  Dictionary. 

Denton,  \Vm.,  M.D.,  1605-1691,  physician  to  Charles 
I.  and  Charles  II.    llorae  Subsecivse  :  rel.  to  Laws  against 
Papists,  Lon.,  1664,  4to;  another  treatise,  1675,  4to.     Jus 
Cicsaris  et  Eeclesia3  vere  dietfr,  (Anglice,)  16S1,  ful. 
Denzil.     See  IIolles,  Lord. 

Depalaine.  Repositury  of  the  Lives  and  Portraits 
of  Distinguished  American  Characters,  Phila.,  vols.  i.  and 
ii.,  Pt.  1  ;  IS  purtraits. 

Depping,  J*Ii.  Evening  Entertainments;  or.  Delinea- 
tions of  Manners  and  Customs,  Lon..  ISll,  2  vols.  12mo. 
Commended  by  Lnn.  Month.  Rev.  and  Lon.  Eclec.  Rev. 

De  Puy,  Henry  W.  1.  Kossuth  and  His  Generals, 
Buffalo,  12mo.  2.  Louis  Napoleon  and  his  Times,  1853, 
12mo.  3.  Ethan  Allen  and  the  Green  Mountain  Heroes 
of  "76,  1853.  12mo. 

De  Quiucey,  Thomas,  b.  1786,  the  son  of  an  Eng- 
lish merchant,  is  a  native  of  Manchester,  and  was  educated 
at  Eton  and  Oxford.     For  the  history  of  his  early  years  we 
must  refer  the  reader  to  the  glowing  pages  of  the  Confessions 
of  an  English  Opium-Eater.     This  famous  autobiography 
was  originally  pub.  in  the  Old  Loudon  Magazine  in  1821. 
and  appeared  in  a  vol.  in  1822.     The  reader  will  also  find 
much  of  interest  in  the  Autobiographic  Sketches,  pub.  by 
Mr.  De  Quincey,  1853,  &c.,  and  in  a  Memoir  of  his  Life, 
Bost.,  1855,  by  Dr.  R.  Shelton  Mackenzie.     The  author  has 
made  some  excellent  translations  from  Jean  Paul  Richter 
and  Lessing,  which  appeared  in  the  London  Magazine  and 
Blackwood,  and  contributed  many  articles,  on  biography, 
metaphysics,  and  philosophy,  to  the  periodicals  of  the  day. 
Among  his  best-known  articles  are  the  lives  of  Shakspeare 
and  Pope  in  the  Encyclopaedia  Britannica  ;  a  paper  on  the 
Knocking  at  the  Gate,  in  Macbeth;   the  Vision  of  Sudden 
Death ;  and  Murder  Considered  as  One  of  the  Fine  Arts. 
But  we  shall  confer  no  small  favour  on  the  reader  by  a 
catalogue  of  the  contents  of  an  edition  (the  only  complete 
one  pub.  in  Great  Britain  or  America)  of  the  writings  of 
this  popular   author,   collected   and  edited   by   Mr.  J.   T. 
Fields   and  issued  by  the  enterprising  house  of  Ticknor 
&  Fields,  Boston,  United  States;  Vol.  I.  Confessions  of  an 
English  Opium-Eat«r:  1.  The  Confessions;  2.  Suspiria  de 
Profundis.     II.  Biographical  Essays:    1.  Shakspeare;   2. 
Pope;  3.  Lamb;  4.  Goethe;  5.  Schiller.    III.  Miscellaneous 
Essays:  1.  On  the  Knocking  at  the  Gate,  in  Macbeth;  2. 
Murder  Considered  as  One  of  the  Fine  Arts;    3.  Second 
Paper  on  Murder  ;   4.  Joan  of  Arc :   5,  The  English  Mail- 
Coach;   6.  The  Vision  of  Sudden  Death  :    7.  Dinner,  Real 
and  Reputed;  8.  Orthographic  Mutineers ;  9.  Sortilege  on 
Behalf  of  the  Glasgow  Athenaeum.     IV.  The  Ca?sars.     V. 
Life  and  Manners :    1.  Early  Days ;    2.  London  ;    3.  Ire- 
land ;  4.  The  Irish  Rebellion  ;  5.  Premature  Manhood ;  6. 
Travelling;  7.  My  Brother;  8.  Oxford;  9.  German  Litera- 
ture.    VI.  and  VII.  Literary  Reminiscences:  1.  Literary 
Novitiate;  2.  Sir  Humphry  Davy  ;  3.  William  Godwin  ;  4. 
Mrs.  Grant;  5.  Recollections  of  Charles  Lamb;  6.  Wallad- 
mor;  7.  Coleridge;    8.  Wordsworth;   9.  Southey  ;  10.  Re- 
collections of  Grasmere;    11.  The    Saracen's   Head;    12. 
Society  of  the   Lakes;    13.   Charles  Lloyd;    14.  Walking 
Stewart;  15.  Edward  Irving;  16.  TalfouVd ;  17.  The  Lon- 
don Magazine;  18.   Junius;  19.  Clare ;   20.  Cunningham ; 
21.  Attack  by  a  London  Journal;    22.  Duelling.     VIII. 
and   IX.    Narrative    and    Miscellaneous    Papers:    1.   The 
Household  Wreck ;    2.  The  Spanish  Nun;    3.   Flight  of  a 
Tartar  Tribe;    4.  System  of  the  Heavens  as  Revealed  by 
the  Telescope ;  5.  Modern  Superstition  ;   6.  Coleridge  and 
Opium-Eating;    7.  Temperance  Movement:    8.  On  War; 
9.  The  Last  Days  of  Immanuel  Kant.     X.  Essays  on  the 
Poets  and  other  English  Writers:  1.  The  Poetry  of  Words- 
worth ;  2.  Percy  Bysshe  Shelley;  3.  John  Keats;  4.  Oliver 
Goldsmith;    5.  Alexander  Pope;    6.  W^illiam  Godwin;   7. 
Jnhn  Foster:  8.  William  Hazlitt;  9.  Walter  Savage  Lan- 
dor.     XL   and   XII.    IHstoncal   and   Critical  Essays:    1. 
Philosophy  of  Roman  History;  2.  The  Essencs ;  3.  Philo- 
sophy of  Herodotus ;    4.  Plato's  Republic ;    5.  Homer  and 
the  flomcridie;    6.  Cicero;   7.  Style;   8.  Rhetoric.     XIII. 
and  XIV.  Essays  on  Philosophical  Writers  and  other  Men 
of  Letters  :  1.  Sir  William  Hamilton  ;  2.  Sir  James  Mack- 
intosh ;   3.  Kant  in  his  Miscellaneous  Essays;   4.  Herder; 
5.  John  Paul  Frederick  Richter;  6.  Analects  from  Richter; 
7.  Lessing;  8.  Beutlcy;  9.  Parr.     XV.  Letters  to  a  Young 


DEQ 

Man  whose  Education  has  been  Neglected,  and  other  Papers. 
XVI.  and  XVII.  Theological  Essays,  and  other  Papers. 

XVIII.  Tlie    Note-Book    of    an     English    Opium-Eater. 

XIX.  and  XX.  Memorials,  and  other  Papers.  ■ 
A  selection  from  his  writings  is  now  in  course  of  pub-       I 

licatinn  at  London  and  Edinburgh.  Vols.  vii.  and  viii.  wero 
pub.  in  May.  1S58;  vol.  viii.,  (Edin.  ed..)  Essays,  Sceptical 
and  Anti-Sceptical;  orj  Problems  Neglected  or  Miscon- 
ceived. 1S58.  cr.  8vo. 

So  far  as  this  edition  has  proceeded,  it  will  be  seen  that 
Mr.  De  Quincey  has  simply  republished  (with  elucidatory 
notes)  from  the  American  edition.  It  is  but  proper  to  quote 
the  following  lines  from  a  late  biographical  sketch  of  the 
author: 

*■  In  the  Preface  to  this  edition  Mr.  De  Quincey  makes  a  classi- 
fication of  liis  writings  which  it  is  useful  to  remember.  The  im- 
mense medley,  which,  in  the  American  edition,  is  arranged  on  the 
loosest  possible  principle,  may  be  distributed,  he  eays,  in  the  main, 
iuto  three  classes  of  papers:  first,  papers  whose  chief  purpose  is 
to  interest  and  amuse,  (autobiographic  sketches,  reminiscences  of 
distinguished  contemporaries,  biographical  memoirs,  whimsical 
narratives,  and  such  like;)  secondly,  essays  of  a  speculative, 
critical,  or  philosophical  character,  addressing  the  understanding 
as  an  insulated  faculty,  (of  these  there  are  many;)  and,  thirdly, 
papers  belonging  to  the  order  of  what  may  be  called  '  prose-poetry  ;' 
that  is,  fantasies  or  imaginations  in  prose,  (of  which  class  Mr. 
De  Quincey  cites  the  'Suspiria  de  Profundis,'  originally  published 
in  Blackwood,  as  the  most  characteristic  specimen.)  Under  any 
one  of  the  three  aspects  here  indicated,  Mr.  De  Quincey  must  rank 
high  in  the  entire  list  of  British  prose-writers." — Knight's  Evghsh 
Cyc,  Biog..  vol.  ii.  568. 

"It  is  astonishing  bow  much  more  Boston  [J.  T.  Fields]  knowa 
of  my  literary  acts  and  purposes  than  I  do  myself.  M'ere  it  not  in- 
deed through  Boston,  hardly  the  sixth  part  of  my  literary  under- 
takings— hurried  or  deliberate,  sound,  rotting,  or  rotten — would 
ever  have  reached  posterity  :  which,  be  it  known  to  thee,  most  sar- 
castic of  future  censors,  already  most  of  them  have  reached. ' — Pre/. 
It  is  worthy  of  note  that  the  occasional  essays  of  a 
number  of  distinguished  British  authors  have  been  first 
collected  in  America.  We  may  instance  Macaulay,  "Wilson, 
Carlyle,  De  Quincey,  Talfourd,  Ac.  In  a  review  of  De 
Quiucey's  writings  pub.  in  the  Loudon  Eclectic  Review  in 
1851.  it  was  stated  that  it  was  not  probable  that  a  collective 
edition  of  his  works  would  ever  appear;  the  author,  in  con- 
sequence of  ill  health,  being  disinclined  to  accede  to  the 
request  of  several  publishers  that  he  would  prepare  such  a 
collection  for  puldication.  But,  not  discouraged  by  this 
unpromising  announcement,  Mr.  Fields  determined  to  col- 
lect \i'w  writings,  and  his  firm  (Ticknor  &  Fields)  offered 
the  author  a  share  of  the  profits  of  the  series.  Mr.  De 
Quincey  could  not  withstand  an  enthusiasm  so  creditable 
to  the  projectors:  he  gave  his  aid  to  the  enterprise,  and  the 
twenty  volumes  enumerated  above  are  the  result.  Publishers 
of  this  stamp  are  an  honour  to  an  honourable  profession. 

As  a  political  economist,  Mr.  De  Quincey  has  gained  as 
much  credit  as  he  has  secured  by  his  jjhilosophieal,  bio- 
graphical, and  critical  disquisitions.  The  Dialogues  of 
Three  Templars  on  Political  Economy,  chiefly  in  relation 
to  the  Principles  (respecting  value)  of  Mr.  Rieardo.  which 
appeared  in  the  London  Magazine  for  April  and  May, 
1824,  are  thus  commended  by  an  eminent  authority  : 

"Tliey  are  unequalled,  perhaps,  for  brevity,  pungency,  and  force. 
They  not  only  bring  the  Kicardian  theory  of  value  into  strong  re- 
lief, but  triutnphantly  repel,  or  rather  annihilate,  the  objections 
urged  against  it  by  Malthus  in  the  pamphlet  now  referred  to  [Thg 
Measure  of  Value  Stated  and  lllustratedj  and  his  Political  Eco- 
nriniy,  and  by  Say  and  others.  They  may,  indeed,  be  said  to  have 
exhausted  the  suiiject." — HcOitUoch's  Lit.  of  PoHt.  Economy,  p.  33. 
The  same  critic  thus  comments  upon  De  Quiucey's  Logic 
of  Political  Economy,  (Lon.  and  Edin.,  1844,  Svo  :) 

"This  very  clever  work  is  intended  to  unravel  intricacies  and  to 
expose  sundry  errors  in  the  application  of  the  Ricardian  theory  of 
value.  It  would,  however,  havi-  liccn  mure  jiopular  and  successful 
had  it  been  less  scholastic.  It  is  riglit  tu  btIo;;ical,  but  not  tobe  per- 
petually obtruding  logical  forms  ami  tei.linicalities  on  the  reader's 
attention.  This  sort  of  aCTectation  is  little  noticed  in  a  brief  essay 
like  the  Templars'  Dialogues;  but  in  a  goodly-eized  volume  like 
the  pre.scut  it  becomes  tiresome  and  repulsive.*' — Vbi  supra,  20. 

The  general  style  of  the  Confessions  is  thus  well  de- 
scribed by  an  English  critic  : 

"They  have  an  air  of  reality  and  life;  and  they  exhibit  such 
strong  graphic  powers  as  to  throw  an  interest  and  even  a  dignity 
round  a  siibject  which  in  less  able  hands  might  have  been  ren- 
dered a  tissue  of  tiiiles  and  absurdities.  They  are,  indeed,  very 
picturesque  and  vivid  sketches  of  individual  character  and  feel- 
ings, drawn  with  a  boldness  yet  an  exactness  of  pencil  that  is  to 
be  found  only  in  one  or  two  prominent  geniuses  of  our  day.  .  .  . 
They  combine  strong  sense  with  wild  and  somewhat  fantastic  in- 
ventions, accuracy  of  detail  with  poetic  illufitration.  and  analytical 
reasoning  and  metaphysical  research  with  uncommon  pathos  and 
refineuunt  of  ideas.  .  .  .  Much  truth  and  fine  colouring  are  dis- 
played in  the  descriptions  and  details  of  the  work :  its  qualities  are 
allot  a  rich  and  elevated  kind,— such  as  high  pathos,  profound 
views,  and  deep  reasoning,  with  a  happy  vein  of  ridicule  indulged 
at  the  writer's  own  expense." — Lon.  Mimth.  Jtet\,  c.  '2SS. 

Mr.  GilfiUan,  commenting  upon  the  charge  that  this  cele- 


DEQ 

brnted  work  owed  its  strength  to  the  inspiration  of  Opium, 
replies,  tliat  "  it  is  not  opium  in  De  Quincey,  but  De  Quin- 
cey  in  opium"  that  wrote  the  Suspiriaand  the  Confessions. 

It  is  to  be  regretted  that  the  eloquent  author  has  not  bet- 
ter learned  the  Art  of  Sinking- — to  the  proper  level  of  the 
evervdfty  tojfics  of  literature,  biography,  or  criticism, 
which  he  often  sees  fit  to  discuss.  In  the^e  ossnys  we  see 
a  striking  instance  of  Cicero's  dech-iration,  "  Rcrum  copia 
Terborum  copiam  gignet."  With  such  an  affluence  of  lan- 
guage, therefore,  Mr.  De  Quincey  can  well  afford  occasional 
simplicity  when  the  subject  demands  it. 

Another  prominent  fault  of  this  very  learned  critic,  is 
an  ostentation  of  learning,  and  a  thorough  contempt,  which 
he  is  at  no  pains  to  conceal,  for  those  whose  opinions  do 
not  happen  to  coincide  with  his  own.  And  yet,  no  man 
can  build  a  larger  superstructure  upon  a  slender  founda- 
tion— no  man  can  more  sophistically  exalt  a  hypothesis 
into  a  fact,  and  such  assumed  fact  into  an  infallible  canon 
— than  this  orthodox  stickler  for  the  lex  acripta. 

Mr.  De  Quincey's  conversation  is  described  as  fascinating 
beyond  description.  We  gire  a  short  extract  from  the  let- 
ter of  a  gentleman  who  visited  him  in  1854,  at  Lasswade, 
near  Edinburgh,  where  he  hag  resided  for  some  years: 

"  For  a  half  hnur  at  least  he  talked  as  we  have  never  heard  an- 
other talk.  We  have  listened  to  Sir  Wm.  Hamilton  at  his  own  fire- 
side, to  Carlyle  walkinfj  in  the  parks  of  London,  to  Lamarfine  in 
the  midst  of  a  favoured  few  at  his  own  house,  to  Cousin  at  the  Sor- 
bonne.  and  to  many  others,  but  never  have  we  heard  surh  sweet 
music  of  eloquent  speech  as  then  (lowed  from  De  Quiiicey"s  tongue. 
To  attempt  reporting  what  he  said  would  >)e  like  attemiitinjr  to 
entrap  the  rays  of  the  sun.  Strange  light  helmed  from  that  grief- 
worn  face,  and  for  a  little  while  that  weak  body,  so  long  fed  upon 
by  pain,  seemed  to  be  clothed  with  supernatural  youth." 

Dequir,  Fred.  Terra  Australis  incognita,  or  a  New 
Southern  Discovcrie,  1617,  4to. 

Derante,  P.     Med.  con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1722. 

Derby,  Charles  Stanley,  Earl  of,  Lord  of  Man 
and  the  Isles.  The  Protestant  Religion  is  a  sure  Founda- 
tion of  a  true  Christian  and  a  good  Subject,  a  great  Friend 
to  human  Society,  and  a  grand  Promoter  of  all  Virtues, 
both  Christian  and  moral,  Lon.,  4to,  1669,  anon.  ;  1671,  with 
author's  name. 

*■  llis  ftther  lost  his  head,  and  he  his  liberty,  for  Charles  the  Se^ 
cond.  The  grateful  king  rewarded  the  son  with  the  lord-lieuten- 
ancies of  two  counties. " — WaJpnJe's  Ji.  <£•  N.  Authurs. 

Derby,  Ferdiuando  Stanley,  5th  Earl  of,  was  the 
author  of  a  pastoral  poem,  communicated  to  the  Antiqua- 
rian Repertory  by  Sir  John  Hawkins.  It  will  be  found  in 
Park's  Walpole's  R.  &,  N.  Authors. 

*'Oneof  our  early  bards,  and  not  an  unpromising  one." — Hor.ice 
Walpole. 

Derby,  James  Stanley,  7th  Earl  of,  nephew  of  the 
preceding,  beheaded  1651,  was  distinguished  for  his  bravery 
in  defence  of  Charles  I.  His  widow,  also,  defended  the 
Isle  of  Man  against  the  republicans.  Hist,  and  Antiq.  of 
the  Isle  of  Man.  Pub.  in  Peek's  Desiderata,  vol.  ii.  1732. 
Declaration,  1649,  4to.  Message  to  Cbas.  IL,  1649,  4to. 
Charge,  1661,  4to.  Trial,  1651,  4to.  Speech  on  the  Scaf- 
fold. 1651,  4to. 

"  Among  the  sufferers  for  King  Charles  the  First,  none  cast  greater 
lustre  on  the  rause  than  this  heroic  lord." — Horace  Walpole. 

Derby,  John.  Comment,  on  the  four  Evangel,  and 
the  Acts,  with  other  thcolog.  pieces,  by  Zachary  Pearce, 
D.D.,  Lon.,  1777,  2  vols.  4to.  Serms.  by  Z.  Pearce,  D.D., 
177S,  4  vols.  Svo. 

Derby,  Richard.     Perm..  I7IS,  Svo. 

Dereney,  Thos.,  R.X.     Naval  Poems,  1S13,  4to. 

Derham,  Robt.  Independence  in  Ch.  Gov't  destruc- 
tive to  English  Law,  Lon.,  1646,  4to.  Rights  of  Parlia- 
ment, 1647,  Svo. 

Derham,  Saml.  Umington  Waters,  with  directions 
for  drinking  the  same,  Oxf.,  1685. 

Derham,  VVm.,  1657-1735,  entered  Trinity  Coll.,  Oxf., 
1675;  Canon  of  Windsor,  1716.     Physico-Theology,  Lon., 

1713,  Svo;  many  edits.,  179S,  2  vols.  Svo.     Astro-Theology, 

1714,  Svo;  3d  ed.,  1719.  These  works  have  been  greatly 
commended,  and  trans,  into  several  languages.  Christo- 
Theology,  1730,  Svo.  Miscellanea  Curioso;  being  travels, 
voyages,&c.  delivered  in  to  the  Royal  Society,  1720,  '26, '27, 
3  vols.  Svo.  See  Rich's  Amer.  Bibl.  Nova.  This  learned 
philosopher  and  divine  pub.  some  other  works,  and  many 
papers  in  Phil.  Trans.     See  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit. 

"  Few  men  have  had  more  accurate  and  extensive  acquaintance 
with  nature,  in  its  grandest  and  minutest  fe.-itures,  than  Dr.  Der- 
ham. He  was  equally  at  home  when  travelling  among  the  stars, 
and  when  sojourning;  among  the  insects  that  flit  in  the  breeze. 
...  In  all  the  operations  of  nature  he  delighted  to  trace  the  hand 
of  nature's  God." — Onnt's  Bibl.  Bib. 

'■What  hath  been  communicated  by  our  Ingenious  Derham  will 
nobly  serve  religion  as  well  as  philosophy." — CoTTON  Maiheb. 

Deriug,  Kdward.    See  Deeuing. 


DET 

Dering,  Sir  Edward,     See  Dearing. 

Derkar,  Thomas.     See  Decker. 

Dermody,  Thomas,  1775-1802,  a  native  of  Ennis, 
in  Irelan<l,  displayed  poetical  powers  at  a  very  early  age. 
In  1792  he  pub.  a  vol.  of  poems  written  in  his  thirteenth  year. 
In  1793  appeared  The  Rights  of  Justice,  a  polit.  pamphlet. 
Poems.  1801,  2  vols.  Peace;  a  Poem,  ISOl.  4to.  Poems, 
1802.  Svo.  The  Battle  of  the  Bards;  a  Poem.  He  became 
a  soldier,  but  disgraced  himself  by  intemperance  and  died 
in  poverty  at  Sydenham.  In  1806  Mr.  jas.  G.  Raymond 
pub.  his  Life,  Ac.,  in  2  vols.  cr.  8vo,  and  his  poetical  works, 
under  the  title  of  Tho  Harp  of  Erin,  in  1807,  2  vols.  Svo. 

Dermott,  L,     Free  Masonry,  Lon.,  ISOl,  Svo. 

Derodon,  David.     Funeral  of  the  Mass,  1673. 

Derok,  M.     Method  of  Copying,  1796. 

De  Iloos,  F.  F,  Travels  in  the  United  States  and 
Canada  in  lS2('t.  Lon.,  Svo. 

De  Ros,  Lord,  Colonel  R.  Army.  1.  The  Young 
Officer's  Companion,  Lon.,  1851.  12mo:  *2d  ed.,  1852,  I2mo. 
2.  Juurnal  of  a  Tour  in  the  Crimea  in  lS.'!5-36, 1S55,  p.  Svo. 

De  Ros,  W,  F.     Yeomanry  Regulations,  Lon.,  Svo, 

Derrick,  Chas.     The  British  Navy,  1806,  4to. 

Derrick,  Samuel,  1721-1769,  a  native  of  Ireland, 
.made  some  trans,  from  the  Latin  and  French ;  edited  I)ry- 
den's  works,  1762,  4  vols.  Svo;  pub.  The  Battle  of  Lora,  a 
Poem;  a  collection  of  voyages,  1703.  2  vols.  12mo ;  and  a 
view  of  the  stage,  under  the  name  of  Wilkes.  1759.  Der- 
rick's Jests  were  pub.  in  1769,  12mo.  He  is  best  known 
by  Letters,  written  from  Liverpool,  Chester,  &c.,  Dubl., 
1767,  2  vols.  12mo. 

"  If  they  had  been  written  by  one  of  a  more  established  name, 
they  would  have  been  thought  very  pretty  letters.'* — 1»R.  Samuio. 
Johnson. 

Derricke,  John.  The  Image  of  Irelande.  Lon.,  1581, 
4to.     Roxburgbe,  3324,  £9  9«.     White  Knight's,  £13. 

Derring,  EdAvard.     See  Deering. 

Desagulicrs,  J,  H.     Jeweller's  Accounts,  1734. 

Desaguliers,  John.     Serm.,  1717,  Svo. 

Dcsaussure,  Judge  H.  AV.,  of  S.  Carolina,  1775- 
1S39.  Reports  Ct.  Chan,  and  Ct.  of  H.  in  Equity,  in  S. 
Car.  from  the  Rev.  to  1813.  Columbia,  1817-19^  4  vols. 
Svo;  2d  ed.,  revised  and  corrected  by  a  member  of  th« 
Philadelphia  Bar,  4  vols,  in  2,  Svo,  Phila. 

Descherny,  David,  M.B.  The  Stone,  Lon.,  1753,  Svo. 
Fevers,  1760,  8vo.    Stnall-Pox,  1760,  Svo.    Gout.  1760,  Svo. 

Des  Barres.     Cape  Breton,  Lon.,  1804,  Svo. 

'*  Privately  printed,  and  suppressed." 

See  Colonel  Aspinwall's  Cat,  p.  55. 

Des  Barres,  J,  F.W.  The  Atlantic  Neptune;  pub. 
for  the  use  of  the  Royal  Navy  of  Great  Britain,  Lon.,  1777, 
2  vols,  atlas  fol. 

"The  most  splendid  collection  of  charts,  plans,  and  views,  ever 
published.  It  was  executed  at  the  expense  of  the  British  Govern- 
ment for  the  use  of  the  British  navy,  and  no  expense  appears  to 
have  been  spared  in  the  execution  in  order  tn  render  it  a  monu- 
ment worthy  of  the  nation." — liich^s  Bibl.  Amer.  N'ova,  q.  v.  for 
collation. 

Des  Ecotais,  Lewis,     Memoirs,  1677,  Svo. 
Deshler,  C.  D.     Selections  from  the  Poetical  "Works 
of  Chaucer,  N.  York,  1S47,  12mo. 
De  Sola,  Rev.  D.  A.  L.,  and  Raphall,  M.  J.    The 

Sacred  Scriptures  in  Hebrew  and  Greek,  Lon.,  1844,  1  vol. 
Svo:  all  that  luts  been  pub. 

Des  ftlaizeaux,  Des  Maiseaux,  or  Desmai- 
seaux,  Peter,  1666-1745,  a  native  of  Auvergne,  lived 
many  years  in  England,  where  he  died.  He  wrote  the 
Lives  of  St.  Evremond,  Bayle,  Boileau,  Chillingworth, 
and  John  Hales,  pub.  a  Collection  of  Pieces  by  Newton, 
Leibnitz,  Clarke,  Locke,  &c.,  (Amst.,  1720,  2  vols.  12mo,) 
and  engaged  in  several  other  literary  labours.  Bayle's 
Dictionary,  (in  English.)  2d  ed.,  to  which  is  prefixed  aLife 
of  the  Author  by  IJes  Maizeaux.  Lon.,  1734-37,  5  vols.  fol. 
This  ed.  is  worth  about  £5,  in  good  condition.  We  have 
already  dwelt  upon  the  merits  and  demerits  of  Bayle's 
Dictionary  in  our  article  Birch.  Thomas,  q.  v. 

Desmoiiii,  W.     Chemical  Pbilos.,  Lon.,  1S08. 

Desmus,  R.  Merlinus  Anonvmus,  an  Ephemeris 
for  the  year  1653;  ditto  for  1655,  Lon..  1654,  '55,  Svo. 

Despaurrius,  M,  Neville  Family,  founded  on  Facts, 
1S15,  3  vols. 

Dessian,  J.     On  Navigation,  1802,  '13. 

DesvcEux,  A.  V.  A  Philos.  and  Crit,  Essay  on  Eccle- 
siastes,  Lon.,  1760,  4to.     In  German,  at  Halle,  1764,  4to. 

"  He  deserves  well  of  all  the  lovers  of  sacred  literature  for  the 
pains  which  he  has  taken  to  elucidate  one  of  the  darkest  parts  of 
Scripture." — Orme's  Bibl.  Bib. 

"  The  author  has  shown  very  considerable  abilities  asacritic." — 
Lon.  Monthly  Btviiti:. 

Dethick,  Henry,  Carmina  in  Ferias  Saeras,  Lon., 
1577,  4to. 

495 


BET 


DEW 


Dethick,  Sir  >Vm.,  Garter  Principal  King  of  Arms. 
Antiquities  of  Funeral  Ceremonies;  of  Epitaphs.  Mottoes, 
and  the  Christian  Keligion  in  England.  See  Hearne's  Col- 
lections, 1771. 

Dethycke.     Gardener's  Labyrinthe,  1586,  4to, 

Deucliar,  A.     British  Crests,  Edin.,  1817,  Svo. 

Deusbery,  >Vm.     Theolog.  treatises,  1654-55. 

Deuwes,  Giles.      lutroduc.  to  Frenche,  Lon.,  4to. 

Devarius,  M.     Graeoae  Lingua;  Particulis,  1718. 

De  Veil,  Charles  3Iaria,D.D.,  a  learned  converted 
Jew  of  ^letz,  in  Lorraine,  joined  the  Ch.  of  Koine,  then  the 
Ch.  of  England,  and  tinally  attached  himself  to  the  Bap- 
tists, among  whom  he  preached  until  his  death.  Explicatio 
literalis  Evang.  sec.  Matt,  et  Marcum,  Lon.,  1672,  '78,  8vo; 
do.  Cantici  Canticorum,  1679 ;  do.  Minor  Prnph.,  16S0,  Svo ; 
do.  Ecclesiasticai,  1681;  do.  Auctorum  Apostolorumj  1684. 
An  English  trans,  of  this  last  was  pub.  1685,  Svo. 

"  All  his  expositnry  works  possess  considerable  value." — Orme^s 
Bill.  Bib.,  q.  V.  lor  particular  notices. 

Deveil,  Sir  Thos.     Life  and  Times,  1748.  Svo. 

Devenish,  Thos,  The  Duty  of  Love,  and  the  Evil 
of  Uncharitubleness,  1649,  4to. 

De  Vere,  Sir  Aubrey.  Song  of  Faith,  Devout  Ex- 
ercises, and  Sonnets,  Lon,,  1842. 

Dedication.— '•'•1^0  William  Wordswortb,  Esq.:  M;/  dear  sir— To 
know  that  you  have  pcrusfd  many  of  the  fullowirifi  I'oems  with 
pleasure,  and  did  not  hesitate  to  reward  them  with  your  praise,  has 
been  to  me  cause  of  unnun^ded  happiness.  In  acceptint;  the  Dedi- 
cation of  this  Volume,  you  permit  me  to  link  mj'  name — which  I 
have  hitherto  done  so  little  to  illustrate — with  yours,  the  noblest 
of  modern  literature.  I  may  at  least  hope  to  be  named  hereafter 
as  one  among  the  friends  of  Wordsworth.  As  such,  I  trust  you 
will  ever  regard  your  faithful  AcBHEr  De  Vere. 

"  Carra  Chase,  May  20.  1S42." 

Waldenses,  1842.  The  Search  after  Proserpine,  and  other 
Poems,  1843.  Mary  Tudor:  a  Drama,  with  Poems,  1847. 
English  Misrule  and  Irish  Misdeeds,  1848.  Sketches  of 
Greece  and  Turkey,  1850. 

De  Vere,  JVfaximilian  Scheie,  b.  1820, near Wexio, 
in  Sweden;  Member  of  the  Oriental  Society;  a  resident  of 
the  U.S.  1.  Outlines  of  Comparative  Philology,  N.  York, 
12mo.  2.  Grammar  of  the  Spanish  Language,  N.V.,  12mo. 
3.  Stray  Leaves  from  the  Book  of  Nature,  N.Y.,  1850,  12mo. 
Contrib.  to  Putnam's  Monthly,  South.  Lit.  Mess..  &.c. 

Devere!.     Surgical  con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1720. 

Deverell,  Mary.  Serms.,  1777.  Svo.  Miscellanies, 
1781,  2  vols.  12mo.  Heroic  Poem,  1786,  Svo.  Queen  of 
Scots;  a  Trag.,  1792,  Svo. 

Deverell,  Robt.  Antiquarian  works,  Lon.,  1802/06. 
Discoveries  in  Hieroglyphics  and  other  Antiquities,  1813, 
6  vols.  Svo.  Withdrawn  after  the  sale  of  a  few  copies  only. 
Fever,  4 to. 

Devereux.  Views  on  the  Mediterranean,  1847,  imp.  fol. 

Devereux,  Hon.  Capt.,  R.N.  Lives  of  the  Earls 
of  Essex,  1540-1646.  Lon..  1852,  2  vols.  Svo. 

Devereux,  J.  E.     Factions  in  Ireland.  ISOS. 

Devereux,  Robert,  second  Earl  of  Essex,  1567-1601, 
the  unfortunate  favourite  of  Queen  Elizabeth,  is  classed  by 
Horace  Walpole  among  the  Royal  and  Noble  Authors  of 
England.  See  a  list  of  his  writings  in  vol.  ii.  76,  Park's 
ed.  Many  of  his  letters  will  be  found  in  Birch's  Memoirs 
of  the  Reign  of  Queen  Elizabeth,  and  in  several  collections 
of  State  Papers.  The  Verses  written  in  his  Trouble  will 
be  found  in  Ellis's  Specimens;  and  the  Earlo  of  Essex,  his 
Buzze,  a  poetical  complaint,  is  in  Park's  Walpole's  R.  and 
N.  Authors.  Mr.  Park  is  disposed  to  think  that  if  Warton 
had  read  the  Buzze,  he  would  have  set  a  higher  estimation 
upon  the  Earl's  claims  as  a  poet: 

"A  few  of  his  sonnets  are  in  the  Ashmolean  Museum,  which 
have  no  marks  of  poetic  penius;  but  he  is  a  vifjorous  and  elegant 
writer  of  prose." — Wartoii's  Hist,  of  Eng.  Poetnj. 

Horace  Walpolo  considers  his  long  letter  to  the  Queen 
from  Ireland,  on  the  condition  of  that  country,  <fcc.,  (see 
the  Bacon  Papers,  vol.  ii.  415.) 

"  Of  all  his  compositions,  the  most  excellent,  and  in  many  re- 
spects equal  to  the  performances  of  the  greatest  geniuses." — R.  and 
A'.  Authors,  Park's  ed.,  ii.  106. 

Devereux,  Robert,  third  Earl  of  Essex,  1592-1646, 
only  son  of  the  preceding,  has  also  some  claims  as  an  au- 
thor. A  list  of  bis  Letters,  Speeches.  Proclamations,  &c. 
will  be  found  in  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit.,  and  some  in  Park's  Wal- 
pole's R.  and  N.  Authors. 

'*  Essex  had  ever  an  honest  heart,  and  though  nature  had  not 
given  him  eloquence,  he  had  a  strong  reason  which  did  express 
him  better."— Arthur  Wilson  :  Ifist.  nf  King  James,  p.  162. 

"  lie  was  in  his  friendships  just  and  constant,  and  would  not 
have  practised  foully  against  those  he  took  to  be  his  enemies." — 
Lord  Clarenhox:  Hist,  of  Ou-  h'fMlicn. 

"  He  was  in  no  way  inclined  to  the  sullen  opinion  of  those  men 
wlio  disdain  the  muses."— Wood:  Athen.  Ozon.     See  Park's  Wal- 
pole's R.  and  N.  Authors,  lii.  5. 
496 


■  .Devereux,  Thomas  P.  Reports  Supreme  Ct.N.  Car., 
1S26-H4.  Raleigh,  4  vols.  Svo,  1S29-36  j  in  Ct.  of  Equity, 
do.,  1S26-34,  2  vols.  Svo,  1838-40;  T.  P.  D.  and  W.  H.  Bat- 
tle. Reports  in  Superior  Ct.  of  N.  Car.,  1834-40,  4  vols. 
8vo,1837~40;  Equity  Rcports,lS34-40,  2  vols.  8vo,1838^0. 

Devereux,  Waiter,  first  Earl  of  Essex,  1540-1676, 
father  of  Elizabeth's  favourite,  was  the  author  of  A  Godly 
and  Virtuous  Song,  otherwise  called  The  Complaynte  of  a 
Sinner,  printed  in  the  Paradise  of  daintie  Devises,  1576. 
See  these  verses,  collated  with  the  MS.  and  printed  copies, 
in  Park's  Walpole's  R.  and  N.  Authors,  ii,  18. 

De  Vericour,  L.  R.  Milton  and  Epic  Poetry.  Mo- 
dern French  Literature.  Educational  Reports.  Other 
works.  Historical  Analysis  of  Christian  Civilization,  Lon., 
1850,  Svo;  1853. 

'•  The  ol'ject  of  this  work  has  been  to  trac*  an  outline  of  the  His- 
tory of  European  Nations,  and  of  Christian  Civilization  since  the 
Christian  Era,  and  to  place  the  Science  of  History  upon  its  lofty 
and  real  basis,  viz.:  the  doctrine  of  Progress." 

'*  An  immense  body  of  information  is  comprised  in  this  volume, 
and  this  too  embracing  all  the  ^;reat  points  in  the  civil  and  ecclesi- 
astical history  of  every  country  in  Europe." 

Appended  to  this  vol.  is  an  Historical  Library  or  Cata- 
logue of  Historical  Works,  occupying  twenty  pages. 

Devis,  Ellin.     Grammar,  Ac,  Lon.,  1777,  '84. 

Devis,  James.     Serm..  1756. 

Devlin,  J,  Dacres.  Helps  to  Hereford  History,  Civil 
and  Lt'fjendary.  1848,  12mo. 

*•  A  little  wortt  full  of  antiquarian  information,  presented  in  a 
pleasing  and  popular  form." — Nimcmfniinist. 

Devonshire,  Elizabeth  Hervey,  Duchess  of, 

1759-1S24.  distingui.^hed  for  beauty,  talents,  and  literary 
taste,  printed  an  edit,  at  Rome  of  the  poem  of  the  passage 
of  St.  Gothnrd  by  Georgiana,  the  former  Duchess  of  De- 
vonshire, (c.  j>o*^)  Slic  also  pub.  beautiful  edits,  of  the 
5th  satire  of  Horace,  lib.  i.,  and  the  jEneid  of  Virgil. 

Devonshire,  Georgiana,  Duchess  of,  1757-1806, 
also  distinguished  for  her  beauty  and  accomplishments, 
wrot-e  The  Passage  of  Mount  St.  Gothard,  a  Poem,  pub. 
together  with  an  Italian  trans,  by  Sig.  Polidori,  Lon..  1802, 
fol.  Another  ed.  in  English  and  French  by  the  Abbe  de 
Lille,  1802,  Svo.     An  edit,  was  also  pub.  at  Rome,  v.  ante. 

Dew,  Samuel.     Serm.,  1735,  Svo. 

Dew,  Thomas,  late  Pres.  of  the  Coll.  of  William  and 
Mary.  A  Digest  of  the  Laws,  Customs,  Manners,  and  Insti- 
tutiuns  of  tlic  Ancient  and  Modern  Nations,  N.Y..  1853,  Svo. 

"1  greatly  prefer  it  to  any  history  for  the  use  of  schools  which 
I  bavi*  seen.'" — Prof.  J.  J.  Owen,  N.  York  Free  Academy. 

DcAV,  Thomas  R.,  d.  1846,  graduated  at  William 
and  Mary  Cidlege,  and  at  the  age  of  23  occupied  the 
chair  of  Moral  Science  in  the  same  institution.  1.  Lec- 
tures on  the  Restrictive  System,  Richmond,  Svo.  2. 
Lectures  on  Ancient  and  Modern  History;  new  ed.,  N. 
York,  1S53,  Svo.  3.  A  volume  on  Slavery,  in  which  ho 
advocates  the  views  held  by  John  C.  Calhoun. 

Dewar,  Daniel,  D.D.  Observations  on  the  Irish, 
1812,  Svo.  Discourses  illus.  of  the  Designs  of  Christ'y., 
1S18,  Svo. 

"  The  style  is  generally  elegant,  chaste,  and  classical." — Ij}n. 
Conqrig.  Mag. 

The  Church,  1S45,  Svo.  The  Holy  Spirit,  His  Personality 
and  Divinity,  Lon.,  1847,  Svo. 

"We  earnestly  commend  the  book  to  students  of  divinity." — 
Lon.  Evangel.  Mag. 

The  Nature,  ReaUty,and  Efficacy  of  the  Atonement,!  2mo. 

'*  A  candid,  elaborate,  and  spirited  defence  of  the  truth  as  it  is  in 
Jesus." — Lon.  Christian  Instructor. 

Other  works. 

Dcwar,  Ed,  H.     German  Protestantism,  Oxf.,  1S44. 

Dewar,  Henry,  M.D.  Profess,  treatises,  Ac,  180.3-17. 

DeAveU,  T.,  M.D.     Philos.  of  Physic.  1784,  Svo. 

Dewees,  William  Potts,  M.D.,  1768-1841,  Prof,  of 
Midwifery  in  the  University  of  Pennsylvania.  Inaugural 
Essavs ;  2  edits.  Medical  Essays,  Phila.,  1823.  System 
of  M'idwifery.  12th  ed.,  1854,  Svo,  pp.  600. 

*'  It  is  founded  on  the  French  system  of  Obstetrics,  especially  on 
that  of  llaudelociiue.  It  takes  a  stand  in  advance  of  Dt^nham, 
Osborne,  llurns,  and  other  English  authorities  in  peneial  use  in 
our  country  at  that  period,  and  even  of  Baudelocque  himself,  in 
throwing  aside  from  his  excellent  system  much  that  was  useless, 
and.  it  may  be  said,  imaginative." — Memoir  by  U.  L.  Hodge,  M.D., 
in  Amer.  Mid.  Jmirual. 

A  Treatise  on  the  Physical  and  Medical  Treatment  of 
Children,  1825;  10th  ed.,  1854.  Svo,  pp.  548.  A  Treatise 
on  the  Diseases  of  Females,  1826;  10th  ed.,  lS54.Svo,  pp. 
532.     On  the  Practice  of  Medicine,  18;:!0. 

"lie  chose  Baudeloc<jue  for  his  teacher,  and  often  declared  that 
he  was  indebted  to  that  mostdistinguished  French  obstetrician  for 
all  that  he  knew  himself  of  midwifery.  The  disciple  was  worthy 
of  his  master." — Supra ;  vide  Williams's  Med.  Biof?..  1S45,  Svo. 

D'Ewes,  Sir  Symonds,  1602-1650,  a  native  of  Cox- 
don,  Dorsetshire,  was  educated  at  St.  John's  Coll.,  Camb. 


DEW 


DIB 


At  the  early  ago  of  IS  he  commenced  collecting  materials 
for  a  History  of  England.  These  were  pub.  after  his  death, 
revised  by  Paul  Bowes,  under  the  title  of  The  Journal  of 
all  the  Parliaments  during  the  Reign  of  Queen  Elizabeth, 
1682,  ful..  and  16S7,  '9^,  and  1708. 

''Tbe  Journals  of  tbe  Parliaments,  by  Sir  Symonds  D'Ewes,  is  a 
work  of  authority  connt-cted  witb  tbe  rei;;n  of  Quet^n  Kbzalieth. 
Tbe  prefiicf  is  worth  reading;;  it  is  auiniatiDj;,  it  is  edifying,  to  nee 
the  piety  and  industry  of  these  venerable  men  of  former  tiuies." — 
Prnf.  Smi/f?i's  Lects.  on  Mod.  Hist.  And  see  Ediii.  Kev.,  Ixxxiv.  7G. 
Two  Speeches:  1.  The  Antiquity  of  Camln-idge;  2.  The 
Privilege  of  Parliament,  ItUl.ful.;  1(142.  Other  Speeches, 
&c.  lu  1845  was  pub.  Sir  Symonds  D'Ewcs's  Autobiog. 
and  Corresp.,  edited  by  Ilalliwell,  1845,  2  vols.  8vo.  These 
vol?,  should  ace"m]iany  the  Diaries  of  Eveh'n  and  Pepys. 

Dewey,  George  \V.,  b.  ISIS,  at  Ualtimoro.  is  a  resi- 
dent of  Philadelphia.  He  has  contributed  a  number  of 
poems  and  prose  essays  to  the  periodicals  of  the  day.  See 
specimens  in  Griswold's  Poets  and  Poetry  of  America. 

•■Of  our  younger  and  minor  poets  no  one  has  more  natuial  grace 
and  tenderness  than  George  W.  Dewey.  .  .  .  lie  has  not  written 
much,  but  whatever  he  has  given  to  the  publii'  is  written  well,  and 
all  his  compositions  have  tbe  si;j:n  of  ,t  genuineness  that  neVL-r  fails 
to  please." — I  international  Magazine,  iii.  286,  lSr.l. 

Dewey,  Orville,  D.D.,  b.  1794,  in  Sheffield.  Berkshire 
CO.,  Massachusetts,  a  Unitarian  minister.     Dis.-our.'es  on 
Various  Subjects,  18^5,  3  vols.     The  Old  'World  and  the 
New;  or  Journal  of  a  Tour  iu  Europe.  18:^6,  2  v<ds.     Moral 
Views  of  Commerce,  Society,  and  Polities,  in  12  Discaurses,  ' 
1838.     Discourses  on  Human  Life,  1841.     Discourses  and  i 
Reviews  on  Questions  relating  to  Controversial  Theology 
and  Practical  Religion,  1846.     On  Human  Nature,  Human  I 
Life,  Ac.,  1847.     On  the  Nature  of  Religion  and  on  Busi- 
ness, 1847.     Works,  1847,  3  vols.      Many  of  Mr.  Dewey*s  ' 
works  have  been  repub.  in  London,  1838-51.  [ 

"  His  reasoniufi  is  generally  comprehensive,  and  his  illustrations  I 
often  poetical.  There  is  a  happy  mixture  of  ease  and  tinish  in  his 
style." — Griswold's  Prose  WriUrs  of  America. 

DeAvhirst.  Rev.  Chas.     Theolog.  treatises,  1813-35.  i 

Dewinp,  H.  C.     Mysteries  of  Paris,  r.  8vo. 

De  Wiut,  Mrs.  J.  i'.     The  Journal  and  Correspond-  ' 
cuce  of  Miss  Adams,  daughter  of  John  Adams,  President 
of  the  U.  States,  and  wife  of  Cnl.  Smith.  Sec.  to  the  Ame- 
rican Legation  at  London.  N.  York,  1S41-42,  2  vols.  Mrs. 
De  Wint  was  a  daughter  of  Mrs.  Adams. 

De  Witt,  Beiij.,  M.D..  of  N.  York.  d.  I.>19,  n^ed  45. 
Oxygen,  1797.     Oration.  1808.    Minerals  in  N.  York;  pub.  ) 
in  Mem.  of  A.  A.  S.,  vol.  ii.  I 

^  De  Witt,  Simeon,  of  Ithaca,  N.  York,  d.  1834,  aged  ' 
79.     On  Engineering,  Ac. 

De  M'itti  Susan,  d.  1 824.  The  Pleasures  of  Religion ; 
a  Pnem. 

•'  It  has  been  much  read  and  admired."— .4ff^j!  Amer.  Biog.  Diet. 

De  Wolf,  1..  E.     Constable's  Guide,  1845,  12mo. 

De  Wolf,  Wm,  P,  Rose's  Chemical  Tables,  1850, 
r.  Bvo. 

Dexter,  Samuel,  of  Boston,  1761-1816.  Secretary  of 
War  of  tbe  U.  States.     Speeches.     Political  Papers. 

Dey,  R.  Two  Books  over  Lincoln;  or  a  View  of  his 
Holy  Table,  Name,  and  Thing. 

Diaper,  Wm.  Dryades;  a  Poem,  and  a  trans,  from 
Oppian  into  English  Verse,  1713,  '22. 

Dilriben,  Thomas.     Serms.,  1711.  '12. 

Dibdin,  Charles,  1745-1814,  an  actor  and  dramatist, 
is  still  better  known  liy  his  famous  Sea-Songs,  which  amount 
to  nearly  1200  in  nutubor.  A  new  ed.,  with  a  Memoir  by 
T.  Dibdin,  illustrated  byG.  Cniikshank,  was  pub.  in  1850, 
fp.  8vo. 

**  These  Sonp^s  have  been  the  solace  of  sailors  in  long  voyages,  in 
storms,  in  battles;  and  they  have  Iieen  quoted  in  mutinies  to  the 
restoration  of  order  and  discipline." — Ditxlin's  tiff:. 

A  list  of  47  dramatic  pieces,  and  a  number  of  other  pub- 
lications, will  be  found  in  Biog.  Draraat.  He  pub.  in  1795 
a  complete  History  of  the  English  vStage.  5  vols.  8vo.  This 
work  is  not  much  valued.     See  Collier,  J.  P.  | 

Dibdin,  Charles,  Jr.,  d.  1833,  son  of  the  preceding, 
also  pub.  a  number  of  songs  and  dramatic  pieces.  See 
Biog.  Draniat.  | 

Dibdin,  Thomas,  1771-1841.  brother  of  the  pre- i 
ceding,  was  also  a  dramatic  poet  and  song-writer.  His  first 
piece,  The  Mad  Guardian,  was  pub.  under  the  assumed 
name  of  T.  Merchant.  See  a  list  of  his  pieces,  39  in  num- 
ber, in  the  Biog.  Dramat.  He  is  said  to  have  composed 
more  than  1000  songs.  In  1813  he  pidj.  The  Metrical  Hist, 
of  England,  2  vols.  Svo ;  and  in  1S28,  2  vols.  8vo,  appeared 
his  Reminiscences. 

"  Dibdins  Reroiniscenres  will  be  found  to  contain  a  larger  portion 

of  curious  history  relatino;  to  the  intrigues  and  cabals  connected 

with  the  intern.tl  manairement  of  our  national  theatres  than  any 

other  work  extant.' — Lon.  M.  Chronicle. 

32 


Dibdin,  Thomas  Frognall,  D.D.,  1775-1847,  an 
eminent  English  bibliographer,  was  a  nephew  of  Charles 
Dibdin,  thenaval  snng-writer,  and  asonof  Captain  Thomas 
Dibdin,  celebrated  by  his  brother  as 

"Poor  Tom  Bowlinfr.  the  darling  of  our  crew." 

The  subject  of  our  memoir,  who  was  born  at  Calcutta, 
lost  both  of  his  parents  when  he  was  but  ibur  years  of  age, 
and  being  sent  to  England,  was  placed  under  the  guardian- 
ship of  his  maternal  uncle,  Mr.  William  Compton.  After 
passing  through  his  preparatory  studies  at  Reading,  Stock- 
well,  and  Isleworth,  he  was  matriculated  at  Oxford  as  a 
commoner  of  St.  John's  College.  Selecting  the  profession 
of  law.  ho  became  a  pupil  of  Mr.  Basil  Montagu  of  Lin- 
coln's Inn  ;  but  having  determined  after  mature  reflection 
to  enter  the  Church,  he  was  in  1804  ordained  by  Dr.  North, 
Bishop  of  Winchester.  For  biograpbieal  details  connected 
with  Dr.  Dibdin  as  a  clergyman,  we  must  refer  the  reader 
to  his  own  Reminiscences,  pub.  in  1836,  2  vols.  8vo,  and  to 
the  excellent  obituary  notice  in  the  Gentleman's  Magazine 
for  Jan.,  1848,  to  which  sources  we  shall  be  indebted  for 
some  of  the  facts  which  it  is  our  intention  to  record. 
Whilst  at  Oxford  he  wrote  a  number  of  essays,  which  were 
pub.  in  the  European  Magazine,  and  some  poetical  pieces, 
which  were  printed  in  a  vol.  in  1797,  Svo.  The  author's 
estimate  of  these  productions  does  not  seem  to  have  been 
very  high : 

"I  struck  off  500  copies,  and  wns  triad  to  get  rid  of  half  of  them 
as  waste  paper;  the  remaininj;  half  have  been  partly  destroyed  by 
my  own  hands.  .  .  .  My  only  consolation  is  that  the  volume  is 
now  KXCEEDING1.V  BARE." — Bibliomania,  edit.  1S09.  See  Reminis- 
cences, 176. 

Whilst  at  Worcester  he  wrote  some  tales,  one  of  which, 
La  Belle  Marianne,  was  privately  printed  in  1824.  For  a 
short  time — the  journal,  indeed,  was  shr>rt-lived — Dibdin 
contributed  to  a  weekly  periodical  entitled  The  Quiz,  the 
articles  connected  with  antiquity  and  art.  While  still  en- 
gaged in  legal  pursuits,  he  pub.,  each  on  a  large  sheet,  an 
analysis  of  Blackstone's  Rights  of  Persons,  and  the  Law  of 
the  Poor  Rate.  In  1S02  he  edited  a  Ili.-t.  of  Cheltenham, 
and  pub.  the  first  edit,  of  his  Introduction  to  the  Greek 
and  Latin  Classics;  in  1805  trans.  Fenelun  on  the  Educa- 
tion of  Daughters ;  and  in  1807  contributed  to  the  Weekly 
Director,  of  which  he  also  edited  the  essays  entitled  Biblio- 
graphiana,  and  the  British  Gallery.  In  the  same  year 
he  edited  (under  tbe  assumed  name  of  Reginald  Wolfe) 
Quarlos's  Judgment  and  Mercy  lor  Afllicted  Souls,  and  in 
18(18  superintended  a  new  edit,  of  Sir  Thomas  More's  Uto- 
pia. In  1S09  Dr.  Ferriar  addressed  to  Richard  Heber.  Esq., 
the  princely  book-collector,  a  poetical  epistle  entitled  The 
Bibliomania.  This  suggested  to  Dr.  Dibdin  his  amusing 
and  instructive  volume  of  the  same  name.  The  first  edi- 
tion, printed  in  1809,  was  a  small  octavo  volume  uf  87  pages. 
It  was  reprinted  and  appended  t"  the  3d  edit.,  pub.  in  1842, 
where  it  occupies  but  64  pages.  An  enlarged  edit,  appeared 
in  1811,  8vo,  with  the  addition  of  A  Bibliographical  Ro- 
mance to  the  title.  It  was  favourably  received,  and  paid 
the  author  a  profit  of  £200.  It  was  pub.  at  £1  7s.;  19 
large-paper  copies  were  struck  off  in  2  vols.  imp.  8vo,  at 
ten  guineas  each.  This  edit,  was  in  such  demand  before 
the  publication  of  the  3d,  that  small  copies  were  sold  for 
eight  guineas,  and  large  paper  for  50  guineas.  We  quote 
some  opinions  upon  the  merits  of  this  favourite  volume: 

"It  would  be  mere  affectation  to  say  that  I  have  not  derived 
much  information  from  it.  .  .  .  Indeed  your  knowledge  of  biblio- 
graphy has  excited  my  surprise." — Dr.  Ferf.iar. 

"  Your  books  are  no  dead  letters— no  mere  dry  transcripts:  but 
while  tht-y  furnish  beautiful  ornaments,  set  tbe  senses  all  in  mo- 
tion; exhibit  a  happy  fcilent  of  reassembling  and  new-combining 
your  widt-sought  and  infinite  materials.  To  lead  the  dance  of 
ideas,  to  race  over  such  an  immeasurable  field  of  literature,  can 
only  be  given  to  one  of  the  most  elastic  and  vigorous  powers.'"— 
Sir  p.  Eqertos  Brtdoes. 

"I  have  not  yet  recovered  from  the  delightful  delirium  into 
which  your  'Bibliomania'  has  completely  thrown  me.  .  .  .  Tour 
book,  to  my  taste,  is  one  of  the  most  extraordinarj'  gratifications 
I  have  enjoyed  for  many  years.  You  have  glued  me  down  to  two 
hundred  pages  at  a  sitting,  and  I  can  repeat  the  pleasure  with- 
out lopin?  it." — Isaac    nsKAELi. 

''You  have  given  us  another  5Iori:e  Encomium,  seasoned  with 
a  salt  which  that  work  has  not — with  the  united  flavour  of  tjayety 
and  good  humour.  Y^et  I  fear  that  j'ou.  like  many  other  doctors, 
will  only  make  tbe  disease  worse.'' — Francis  Douce. 

"The  Bibliomania  being  once  entered  on,  compelled  me  to  he- 
come  a  'borrower  of  the  night  for  a  dark  hour  or  twain'  to  finish 
it.  I  can  truly  say  that  I  was  much  amused  and  interested  by 
it." — E.  V.  Utterson. 

"I  have  been  revelling  for  the  last  two  days  in  the  delichts  of 
your  new  edition  of  The  Bibliomania." — Sir  FRANas  Freeung. 

"  A  thousand  thanks,  my  dear  sir,  for  your  lively  satire." — 
Walteb  Scott. 

"To  the  extensive  and  amusing  information  contained  in  these 
works,  [edits,  of  1809  and  ISU.]  the  larmier  volume  espe-Mallv,  the 
limits  of  this  notice  are  iniidequate  to  render  justice.    -Ml  Mr.  Dil>- 

497 


DIB 

din's  puMic.itiAns  are  indispensably  necessary  to  the  >'iblio[rr.iphi- 
cal  student.  Happy  may  he  deem  himself  who  possesses  a  cofiy 
of  this  work." — Hi^rne's  Introduc.  lo  Biblifigrajihy,  p.  621. 

To  these  testimonies  of  the  value  of  the  Bibliomania  could 
be  addeil  those  of  Earl  Sjiencor,  the  Rt.  Hon.  Thus.  Gix-n- 
villc.  Sir  M.  M.  Sylies,  the  Rev.  Henry  Drury,  and  others. 
Of  illustrated  copies,  one  belonging  to  Mr.  Wm.  Turner 
of  Islington,  was  sold  to  Mr.  Town  of  Kew  York  for  60 
guineas,  and  the  author  remarks  : 

"  I  believe  I  have  seen  a  similar  copy  on  large  paper,  marked  in 
a  bookseller's  catalogue  at  one  hundred  and  twenty  guineas." 

The  third  edit,  of  the  Bibliomania  was  pub.  in  1842, 
r.  8vo,  small  paper,  £3  'is.;  large  paper,  £5  5«.  This  edit, 
is  much  the  best,  and  contains  a  key  to  the  assumed  Cha- 
racters in  the  Komanee. 

It  is  here  proper  to  notice  two  privately-printed  brochures 
of  Dr.  Dibdin  ;  one,  entitled  Specimen  Bibliothecse  Bri- 
tannicffl,  was  printed  in  180.S ;  the  other.  Specimen  of  an 
English  De  Bure,  in  ISIO.  In  1807-11  he  pub.  three  arti- 
cles in  the  Classical  Journal  on  the  first  Bilile  and  Psalters 
printed  at  Mentz ;  and  in  1811  he  printed  privately  the 
Lincolne  Nosegay,  a  selection  of  poetical  pieces. 

The  next  great  work  of  our  enterprising  bibliographer — 
The  Typographical  Antiquities  of  Great  Britain — has 
already  been  noticed  at  length  in  our  article  Ames.  Joseph, 
to  which  we  refer  the  reader.  The  66  large  paper  copies, 
imp.  4to,  were  pub.  at  £29  8«. :  small  paper,  £14  14». 
About  a  year  after  the  publication  of  the  2d  edit,  of  the 
Bibliomania,  at  the  suggestion  of  Dr.  Dilidin,  the  famous 
Roxburghe  Club  was  established.  It  may  be  said  to  have 
sprung  out  of  the  sale  of  the  Roxburghe  Library.  Earl 
Spencer  was  chosen  President,  and  our  author  Vice-Pre- 
sident. 

AVe  now  come  to  notice  the  Bibliotheca  Spenceri.ana, 
pub.  in  4  vols,  super-roy.  8vo,  in  1814;  small  paper  at  £S  8s. 
and  £9  9«..  and  large  paper  £18  18s.  The  germ  of  this 
splendid  work  was  a  small  volume  of  34  pp.,  of  which  36 
copies  were  printed,  entitled  Book  Rarities,  or  a  Descrip- 
tive Catalogue  of  some  of  the  most  curious,  rare,  and  va- 
luable books  of  early  date,  chiefly  in  the  collection  of  the 
Rt.  Hon.  George  Jolin,  Earl  Spencer,  K.  G.  It  is  devoted, 
with  two  exceptions,  to  the  early-printed  Dantes  and  Pe- 
trarcbs  at  Spencer  House.  To  the  Bibliotheca  Spenceriana 
a  supplement  was  added  in  1815,  and  ^des  Althorpiana? — 
a  description  of  Spencer  House  and  its  treasures — pub.  in 
1822,  may  be  considered  vols.  5th  and  6th,  and  the  Cata- 
logue of  the  Cassano  Library,  vol.  7th,  of  this  interesting 
series.  The  author  of  this  noble  set  of  books  might  well 
sav,  on  reviewing  the  results  of  his  labours: 

'*'  I  have  done  every  thing  in  my  power  to  establish,  on  a  firm 
foundation,  the  celebrity  of  a  Library  of  which  the  remembrance 
can  only  perish  with  every  other  record  of  individual  feme." 

In  1817,  3  vols.  r.  Svo,  appeared  The  Bibliographical 
Decameron,  or  Ten  Days'  Pleasant  Discourse  upon  Illumi- 
nated Manuscripts,  and  subjects  connected  with  Early  En- 
graving, Topography,  and  Bibliography.  The  small -paper 
copies,  of  which  there  were  760,  were  sold  at  £7  17s.  dd. 
to  subscribers ;  £9  9«.  to  non-subscribers ;  large  paper, 
£15  15«.  Overtures  were  made  for  its  republication  in 
French,  but  it  was  too  late.  The  curious  blocks  from  which 
the  engravings  were  made  had  been  destroyed  by  the  au- 
thor and  his  friends.  Although  a  thorough-paced  biblio- 
maniac, we  have  no  sympathy  with  such  barbarous  waste. 
The  Decameron  is  assuredly  one  of  the  most  beautiful,  as 
'  well  as  one  of  the  most  instructive,  books  in  the  language. 
We  have  space  for  the  quotation  of  one  opinion  only : 

"  The  volumes  not  only  exceed  my  expectation,  but  even  my 
imagination.  I  could  never  have  conceived  any  work  so  interest- 
ing for  its  decorations.  It  is  surely  without  a  rival  in  the  whole 
history  of  Typography."— Ts.vac   Disrieli. 

We  must  notice  two  illustrated  copies  of  this  work.     One 


is  in  the  library  of  Lord  Sp( 


at  Althorp.     Among 


other  rarities,  it  has  many  duplicate  proofs  of  coppe 
plates.  It  cost  his  lordship  upwards  of  150  guineas.  The 
other  copy  was  formerly  in  the  possession  of  George  Henry 
Freeling.  He  had  extended  his  three  volumes  to  eleven, 
which  were  bound  in  morocco  by  the  famous  Lewis.  Mr. 
Freeling,  as  will  readily  be  believed,  was  enthusiastically 
fond  of  the  Decameron. 

"If  the  gods  could  read,"  he  excLaimed,  "they  would 
never  bo  without  a  copy  of  the  Decameron  in  their  side- 
pocket  !" 

In  1821  our  author  gave  to  the  world  the  results  of  his 
nine  months'  exploration  of  continental  libraries,  in  A  Bi- 
bliographical, Antiquarian,  and  Picturesque  Tour  in  France 
and  Germany,  3  vols.  r.  Svo.  The  money  paid  to  engravers 
alone  in  the  getting  up  of  these  volumes  approached  £5000. 

"A  Work  the  most  costly  on  the  score  of  embellishments,  and 
the  most  perilous  on  that  of  responsibility,  in  which  a  Traveller — 
498 


DIB 

relying  upon  his  own  resources  exclusively — was  ever  engaged." — 
Author's  Rrmiiiiscenc^s. 

'•  One  of  the  most  t)eautiful  and  covetable  books  of  modern 
times." — UoBEr.T  Socthet. 

"  Your  splendid  work  is  one  of  the  most  handsome  which  ever 
came  from  the  liritish  Press."— W.ilteb  Scott. 

The  Tour  was  pub.  at  £9  9«.,  small  pap^,  and  £16  16»., 
large  paper.     Of  illustrated  copies,  perhaps  the  most  re- 
markable is  one  which  passed  through  the  hands  of  Henry 
Drury,  George  Hibbcrt,  and  P.  A.  Hanrott.     It  sold  at  Hib- 
bert's  sale  for   £92  8«.,  and  at  Hanrott's  for  £178  10». 
The  gentlemen  who  paid  this  price  for  it  was  induced  to 
part  with  it  liy  "a  very  splendid  offer,"  but  what  that  was, 
wo  believe,  has  not  transpired.     An  account  of  this  beau- 
tiful copy  may  be  seen  in   Bibliotheca  Hanrottiana,  No. 
2412.     A  second  edition  of  the  Tour,  in  3  smaller  volumes, 
was  pub.  in  1829.     It  is  a  very  meagre  affair  compared 
with  the  first  impression,  and  pub.  at  only  £2  15».     There 
is  also  a  French  trans,  by  M.  Theodore   Licquet,  Paris, 
1825,  4  vols.  8vo.     In  1819  Dr.  Dibdin  projected  a  His- 
tory of  the  University  of  Oxford,  which  it  is  much  to  be 
regretted  should  have  failed  for  want  of  encouragement. 
This  noble  university  is  much  to  blame  for  its  neglect  of 
a  matter  in  which  it  has  so  deep  an  interest.     From  June, 
1822,  to  Dec,  1825,  he  contributed  a  number  of  articles  to 
Valpy's  Museum,  a  periodical  of  short  continuance.     lu 
1824  he  pub.  The  Library  Companion,  or  the  Young  Man's 
Guide  and  the  Old  Man's  Comfort  in  the  choice  of  a  Library. 
A  second  vol.  was  contemplated,  but  the  British  Critic  and 
the  Westminster  Quarterly  Reviews  criticized  the  work 
severely,  and  it  was  not  continued.     Nevertheless,  it  is 
a  work*  of  considerable  value,  and  deserves  a  wider  circu- 
lation than  it  has  obtained.     It  was  pub.  at  £1  7s. :  a  few 
copies  on  large  paper  at  £5  5«.     A  second  edit,  appeared 
in  1825.     From  an  anecdote  recorded  at  page  394  of  the 
first  edit.,  concerning  "  certain  buckskins,"  and  which  is 
omitted  in  the  subsequent  one.  it  has  acquired  the  title  of 
the  '•  Breeches  Edition,"  and  is  quoted  as  such  in  the  Bib- 
liophobia. 

In  1820,  .and  also  in  1825,  our  author  pub.  a  volume  of 
sermons,  two  single  sermons  in  1830  and  1831,  an  edit,  of 
Thomas  a  Kcmpis's  Imitation  of  Christ  in  1828,  and  a 
collection  of  sermons  by  various  authors  in  6  vols,  in  1830. 
Of  this  collection,  entitled  The  Sunday  Library,  or  the 
Protestant's  Manual  for  the  Sabbath  Day,  more  than  4000 
perfect  sets  were  sold.  It  was  pub.  at  £1  10s.,  and  a  new 
edit,  was  issued  in  1851  at  the  very  low  price  of  16s. 

l^rincipal  Autkors. — Bp.  Blomfield,  Rev.  Robert  Hall, 
Bp.  Heber,  Jones  of  Nayland,  C.  W.  Le  Bas,  Bp.  Maltby, 
Bp.  Mant,  Dean  Milman,  Dr.  Parr,  Archdeacon  Pott,  Rev. 
Sidney  Smith,  Archbishop  Sumuer,  liji.  Van  Jlildert,  &e. 
In  1827  he  issued  a  4th  edit,  of  his  Introduction  to  the 
Greek  and  Latin  Classics.  Of  this  work  the  first  edit, 
was  pub.  in  1803,  the  2d  in  1804,  and  the  3d  in  1809.  The 
4th  edit,  was  pub.  at  £2  2«. :  large  paper,  £6  6s.  It  is  a 
most  valuable  work,  and  will  save  the  classical  student 
much  time  and  toil.  In  1831  he  pub.  anonymously  a 
pamphlet,  entitled  Bibliophobia :  Remarks  on  the  Present 
languid  and  depressed  state  of  Literature  and  the  Book 
Trade;  in  a  Letter  addressed  to  the  Author  of  the  Biblio- 
mania: by  Mercurius  Rusticus,  with  Notes  by  Cato  Par- 
vus. This  is  an  amusing,  though  to  the  true  Biblioma- 
niac also  a  melancholy,  volume.  In  1833  our  author  pub. 
two  small  vols,  entitled  Lent  Lectures. 

"These  subjects  are  well  chosen,  and  Dr. Dibdin,  who  doubtless 
knows  full  \v,ll  what  a  London  audience  is,  tells  them  very  plainly 
that  h<'  think';  it  i-xpi'dient  not  to  attempt  too  much,  but  to  set 
before  them  the  strongest  and  most  striking  points  of  each  sul)- 
ject." — llrili^li  Magazine. 

His  Reminiscences  of  a  Literary  Life,  which  should  be 
in  the  possession  of  every  one  aspiring  to  be  a  man  of 
books,  was  pub.  in  1836,  2  vols.  Svo.  It  is  a  most  valu- 
able storehouse  of  biographical  .and  bibliographical  anec- 
dote. In  1838  oppeared  A  Bildiogr.aphical,  Antiquarian, 
and  Picturesque  Tour  in  the  Northern  Counties  of  Eng- 
land aud  Scotland,  2  vols.  r.  Svo ;  small  paper,  £4  14s.  6d. ; 
large  paper,  £8  ISs.  6'^.  This  is  a  handsome  work,  but 
much  inferior  to  the  Tour  in  France  and  Germany.  To 
Dr.  Dibdin,  more  than  to  any  other  individual,  is  to  be 
ascribed  the  prevalence  of  the  spirit  of  Bibliomania  which 
raged  with  such  violence  iu  England  from  about  1812  to 
1S24.  Did  our  space  permit,  we  might  perhaps  occupy  a 
few  pages  not  unprofitably  in  considering  the  tempting 
subject  of  book-collecting,  its  use  and  abuse,  its  advan- 
tages aud  disadvantages,  its  excess  and  its  proper  limits. 
It  is  a  subject  much  misunderstood  by  the  ignorant,  and 
often  misrepresented  by  the  contracted.  Informed  by 
knowledge  and  restrained  by  discretion,  it  is  certainly  one 
of  the  moat  useful,  as  well  as  amiable,  of  euthusiasms. 


DIG 


DIG 


To  quote  from  the  author  whose  labours  in  this  depart- 
ment we  have  now  had  under  consideration ; 

"When  the  Study  of  Bujuoorapht  shall  be  more  generally  cul- 
tivated, its  uses  ivill  be  more  generally  acknowledged.  It  will  he 
found  to  rank  among  those  branches  of  antiquarian  research  which 
are  as  conducive  to  correct  taste  and  intelligence  as  any  other." 

But  we  should  be  disposed  to  claim  much  more  than 
this  for  enlightened  Bibliographv. 

Into  the  particular  merits  or  demerits  as  a  bibliographer, 
of  the  author  of  The  Decameron,  we  will  not  be  expected 
to  examine,  in  the  brief  limits  to  which  we  are  confined. 
There  can  be  no  question,  however,  of  the  justice  of  the 
commendations  which  we  now  quote  with  entire  approba- 
tion, and  with  which  we  shall  conclude  our  article: 

"  No  collection  can  be  com])lete  without  Dr.  Dibdin's  volumes, 
which  are,  independent  of  the  solid  information  they  contain,  fre- 
quently enlivened  by  literary  anecdotes,  and  rendered  generally  in- 
terestlog  by  gre-at  variety  of  observation  and  .acuteness  of  rema'rk.'' 
"  You  have  contrived  to  strew  flowers  over  a  path  which,  in 
other  hands,  would  have  proved  a  very  dull  one;  and  all  Biblio- 
mancs  must  remember  you  long,  as  he  who  first  united  their  an- 
tiquarian details  with  good-humoured  laillery  and  cheerfulness." — 
Sir  WalUr  fiaM  tii  Dr.  Uibdin. 
Diceto,  Radulph  De.     .See  RAnrLPH  de  Diceto. 
Dicey,  Thomas.     Hist.  Account  of  Guernsey,  with 
Remarks  on  Jersey  and  other  Lslands,  Lon.,  1750J  12mo. 
This  work  has  been  highly  commended. 

Dick,  Sir  Alex.,  17U.i-1785,  a  distinguished  Scottish 
jihysician.  De  Ei.ilepsia,  1725.  Account  of  his  Life. 
Trans.  R.  Soc,  Edin.,  1790. 

Dick,  Andrew  Coventry,  Advocate.  Dissertation 
on  Church  Polity,  Edin.,  li>35,  sm.  8yo;  last  ed.,  1851, 
12mo. 

"  An  excellent  piece  of  sound  and  eloquent  argumentation." — 
Lowndes's  Brit.  Lib. 

"  A  book  very  ably  written,  and  containing  the  best  arguments 
in  &vour  of  the  voluntar)'  ."iystem  that  1  Lave  ever  seen."— iord 
AbeJ-deen,  in  the  Hmtse  of  Lfirds. 

The  Nature  and  Office  of  the  Sf.ate,  Lon.,  ISiS,  8vo. 
Dick,  John,  D.D.,  1764-18.33,  a  native  of  Aberdeen, 
Prof,  of  Theol.  to  Uniteil  Secession  Church.     False  Teach- 
ers, Edin.,  1788,  8yo.     Inspiration  of  the  Scriptures,  1800, 
12mo;  1804,  8vo;  Glasg.,  1813,  8vo. 

"  Altoirether  the  best  essay  in  the  langu.aje  on  the  subject  of 
inspiration." — Ortnc's  Bibl.  Bib.,  1824. 

"  A  sensible  and  well-written  essay." — Home's  Bihl.  Bib. 
Lectures  on  Theology,  with  a  Memoir  by  his  son,  2d 
ed.,  Edin.,  1834,  4  vols.  8vo. 

oA  body  of  Christian  theology,  lucid,  discriminating,  compre- 
hensive, orthodox." — Witli^tms's  CItristian  Preacher. 

Lectures  on  the  Acts  of  the  Apostles,  Glasg.,  1805-08, 
2  vols.  8vo;  2d  ed.,  1822,  8vo;  3d  ed.,  1848,  sm.  8vo. 
"  Well  written,  though  not  critical."— Oimc's  Bibl.  Bib. 
"They  contain  altogether  a  useful  illustration  of  many  import- 
ant passages  of  the  Acts;  they  are  full  of  good  -sense  and  ortho- 
dox diviuity,  conveyed  in  a  perspicuous  and  easy  style." — Lon. 
Eclectic  Remexc. 

A  vol.  of  Dr.  Dick's  sermons  has  been  published. 
Dick,  Robert,  D.D.     Serms.,  1758,  '62,  Edin,,  8vo. 
Dick,  Robert,  M.D.     Derangement  of  the  Digestive 
Organs,  Lon.,   1843,  cr.  8vo.     Diet  and  Regimen,   1838, 
p.  8vo;  1839,  12mo. 

"One  of  the  most  enlightened  and  philosophical  writers  of  his 
class." — Lmi..  Monthly  Beriejc. 

"It  treats  most  nl.lv  nf  .iirt  and  physical  cultivation,  and  also 
of  moral  and  int..Ilrrfii.il  rr'AahMun."— Lon. Literary  Oazetle. 

Dick,  Rev.  Thomas,  LL.D.,  1774-1857,  b.  near 
Dundee,  Scotland,  nobly  earned  the  dignified  title  attached 
to  one  of  his  excellent  volumes, — The  Christian  Philoso- 
pher. He  was  educated  at  the  University  of  Edinburgh, 
and,  after  completing  his  studies,  entered  the  ministry 
of  the  Secession  Church.  Much  of  his  time  was  devoted 
to  teaching,  for  which  elevated  and  philanthropic  calling 
few  rnen  have  been  better  fitted.  An  interesting  notice 
of  this  venerated  benefactor  of  bis  race  will  be  found 
in  Professor  C.  D.  Cleveland's  (a  personal  and  attached 
friend  of  Dr.  Dick)  English  Literature  of  the  I'Jth  Century, 
in  which  work  we  find  the  following  list  of  Dr.  Dick's 
publications: 

1.  The  Christian  Philosopher,  or  the  Connection  of 
Science  with  Religion,  1823.  2.  The  Philosophy  of  Reli- 
gion, or  an  Dlustration  of  the  Mor.al  Laws  of  the  Uni- 
verse, 1825.  3.  The  Philosophy  of  a  Future  State,  1828. 
4.  The  Improvement  of  Society  by  the  Difl'usion  of  Know- 
ledge. 5.  On  the  Mental  Illumination  and  Mor.al  Im- 
provement of  M.ankind,  1835.  6.  Christian  Beneficence 
contrasted  with  Covetousness,  1836,  7.  Celesti.al  Scenery, 
1838.  8.  The  Sidereal  Heavens,  1840.  9.  The  Practical 
Astronomer,  1845.  10.  The  Solar  System,  1846.  11.  The 
Atmosphere  and  Atmospherical  Phenomena,  1848.  12. 
The  Telescope  and  Microscope,  1851.  Several  of  these 
works  have  been  trans,  into  other  languages,  and  the  So- 


lar System  into  the  Chinese.  Dr.  Dick  has  also  contri- 
buted largely  to  the  periodicals  of  the  day.  Messrs.  E. 
C.  &  J.  Biddle  of  Phibadelphia  pub.  in  1850  a  uniform 
edition  of  Dr.  Dick's  works  in  10  vols.  12mo.  Messrs.  Ap- 
plegate  &  Co.  of  Cincinnati  also  publish  a  fine  edition, 
complete  in  2  vols.  r.  8vo.  We  have  before  us  commenda- 
tory notices  of  Dr.  Dick's  volumes  from  no  less  than  twenty- 
three  British  periodicals.  From  these  we  extract  the  fol- 
lowing: 

Notice  of  the  Philosophy  of  Religion  : 

"In  discussing  these  interesting  and  imjxirtant  topics.  Dr.  Dick 
assumes  the  truth  of  Divine  Kevel.ation,  and  taking  nature  and 
revelation  as  they  stand,  ende.avours  to  show  the  philosophy— in 
other  words,  the  reasonableness — of  what  has  been  done,  so  as  to 
justify  the  ways  of  God  to  man.  The  design  of  such  a  work  is 
lofty  and  benignant,  and  Dr.  Dick  has  brought  to  his  great  argu- 
ment a  vast  .amount  of  illustration  and  proof,  presented  in  a  style 
condensed  and  perspicuous,  .and  imbued  with  the  feeling  appro- 
priate to  such  a  theme.  We  commend  it  earnestly  to  the  general 
reader,  and  not  less  so  to  the  Christian  preacher.  '  Such  modes  of 
dealing  with  the  foundation  of  things  need  to  be  more  common  in 
our  pulpits."— Brifiift  Quarterly  Review. 

Notices  of  Celestial  Scenery ; 
^  "This  fiimiliar  explanation  of  the  most  interesting  phenomena 
is  well  calculated  to  unfold  the  wonders  of  astronomy  to  those  who 
are  unacquainted  with  the  mysteries  of  that  science;  while  those 
who  have  learned  its  principles  will  derive  pleasure  from  the  specu- 
lations on  the  different  aspects  of  our  system,  as  viewed  from  the 
sun  and  the  several  planets." — Lon.  Alhenceum. 

"An  admirable  book  to  put  into  the  hands  of  youth  and  general 
readei-s.'  — Lon.  Literary  ikizdte. 

"  This  is  an  admirable  book,  not  more  v.aluable  for  the  excellence 
of  its  intention,  th.an  for  the  taste,  right  feeling,  and  manly  simpli- 
city of  its  execution.  It  is  one  of  the  most  beautiful  and  readable 
books  we  ever  had  in  our  hands."— G/«,«jio«i  Ckrmicle. 

"Dr.  Dick  is  not  a  mere  collector  of  the  opinions  of  others;  but 
one  who  has  thought  and  investigated  for  himself."— Zon.  Evan- 
gelical Magazine. 

Notices  of  the  Sidereal  Heavens : 

"A  very  interesting  compiLation,  made  by  a  practical  man,  and 
one  which  we  can  have  no  fear  of  recommending  as  a  fit  sequel  to 
the  Celestial  Scenery  of  the  same  author."— tVmrc/l  of  Enqland 
Quarterly  Revievj. 

"The  grandeur  of  our  author's  conceptions,  the  beauty  of  his 
style,  and  the  rationality  of  his  conclusions,  equally  charm  the 
mind.  We  most  unhesitatingly  recommend  our  readers  to  treat 
themselves  with  the  gratification  of  perusing  this  sublime  book 
Our  author  is  a  Christian  philosopher."- ira.  Herald  of  Peace. 

"  A  popular  work  on  astronomv,  in  which  the  author  addresses 
himself  to  general  students  rather  than  to  scientific  readers;  and 
he  further  improves  his  design  by  turning  the  thoughts  of  all  to- 
wards the  omnipotent  Deity,  whose  works  he  describes  as  far  as 
they  are  cognizable  by  human  faculties."— £o»!.  Literary  Gazette. 

"  No  one  can  peruse  this  volume  without  being  inspired  with 
profound  admiration  and  awe,  and  filled  with  emotions  of  deep  hu- 
mility and  reverence.  The  work  is  characterized  by  profound  and 
elaborate  research,  suited  to  the  high  and  imposing  theme,  and  is 
pervaded  by  a  reverential  spirit  towards  the  mighty  Architect  We 
unhesitatingly  commend  the  work  to  the  perusal  of  every  class."— 
Scottish  Pilot. 

"  We  have  seldom  met  with  a  more  readable  or  instructive  work, 
lie  who  has  fairly  mastered  its  contents  will  find  himself  a  sort  of 
living  encyclopa>dia  of  astronomical  facts.  It  is  pervaded  from 
beginniug  to  end.  by  a  feeling  of  the  deepest  piety  towards  that 
Demg  whose  celestial  architecture  it  is  the  author's  object  to  bring 
before  the  wondering  and  adoring  mind  of  the  reixin."— Grant's 
Journal. 

Notices  of  Christian  Beneficence  contrasted  with  Covet- 
ousness : 

'•A  treatise  of  singular  merit  and  interest,  which  cannot  be  read 
without  largely  instructing  the  understaading,  and  deeply  im- 
pressing .and  affecting  the  heart."— A'eiu  Cannexim  Magazine. 

"  It  is,  indeed,  a  truly  excellent  treatise.  In  every  part  it  comes 
forcibly  home  to  the  judgment  and  conscience  of  the  reader.  . 
The  style  of  Dr.  Dirk  is  correct,  dignified,  and  impressive.  The 
merit  of  the  work  lies  in  its  eminent  adiiptation  for  usefulness 
It  IS  a  manly,  judicious,  and  scriptural  statement  of  the  reasons 
and  grounds  of  liberality  of  conduct."— ftnerui  Baptist  Repository. 
W  e  hope  that  what  has  not  already  been  effected  by  sober  argu- 
ment and  solemn  appeals,  will  result  in  this  case  from  what  may 
be  regarJcHl  .as  a  volume  of  practical  evidence,  in  which  the  working 
of  tliese  aiKajrniiist  principles  is  fairly  set  forth."— ion.  Edec.  Sev. 
See  alsi.  Clin..   Month.  Spec,  ix.  149,  (bv  Denison  Olmsted.) 

Dick,  Thomas  Lauder.  Con.  on  Natural  Philoa. 
to  Annals  Phil.,  1815,  '16,  '17. 

^  Dick,  Sir  VVm.  His  lamentable  Case  and  distressed 
Estate,  Lon..  1656,  fol.  A  rare  book,  which  has  been  sold 
at  great  prices.  Dowdeswell,  312,  £52  10». ;  Dent,  pt.  1., 
837,  £26  5.. ;  Sir  P.  Thompson,  £28  17s.  6d. 

Dick,  VVm.     Dropsies;  Med.  Com.,  1786. 

Dick,  Wm.  A  Manual  of  Veterinary  Science  from 
the  7th  edit,  Encyc.  Brit.,  Edin.  and  Lon.,  1842,  p.  8vo. 

"All  Farmers  and  Cattle-de.alers,  Shepherds,  Stahlers,  Coach- 
contractors,  every  man  who  is  interested  in  the  s!  udy  of  Veteri- 
nary Medicine,  should  have  Mr.  Dick's  manual  in  his  possession." 
— Ellin.  Advertiser. 

"  Written  and  compiled  with  great  care.  .  .  .  The  views  will  h« 
found  sober,  practical,  and  judicious."— 9w7r.  Jour.of  AgricuU. 

Dicken,  Alldersey.     Scrms.,  Camb.,  1823. 

Dickens,  Chaileb.     Serms.,  1757,  'S3. 


DIG 

Dickens,  Charles,  b.  1812,  at  Lnndport,  Portsmouth.  ' 
Englancl,  enjoys  the  reputation  of  being  the  most  popular 
author  of  the  clay.  His  father,  John  Diekens,  held  a  post 
in  the  Navy  Pay  Department,  and  was  subsequently  a  re- 
porter of  parliamentary  debates.  Charles  was  intended  for 
the  profession  of  the  law,  but  finding  no  pleasure  in  his 
studies,  obtained  his  father's  consent  to  "join  the  parlia- 
mentary corps  of  a  daily  newspaper."  He  was  first  en- 
gaged in  the  office  of  the  True  Sun,  and  subsequently 
formed  a  connexion  with  the  Morning  Chronicle,  in  the 
evening  edition  of  which  appeared  the  Sketches  of  Life 
and  Character,  afterwards  pub.  as  Sketches  by  Boz  in  2 
vols.,  1836,  '37.  The  extraordinary  merit  of  these  papers 
was  at  once  acknowledgeil,  and  an  enterprising  publisher 
engaged  Mr.  Dickens  and  Mr.  Seymour,  the  comic  draughts- 
man, "  the  one  to  write  and  the  other  to  illustrate  a  book 
which  should  exhibit  the  adventures  of  a  party  of  Cockney 
Sportsmen."  Seymour  committed  suicide  before  the  book 
was  finished,  and  the  illustrations  were  continued  by  Hablot 
K.  Browne,  under  the  signature  of  "Phiz."  Never  was  a 
book  received  with  more  rapturous  enthusiasm  than  that 
•which  greeted  the  Pickwick  Papers  !  It  may  be  said,  with- 
out a  trope,  that  from  the  peer  in  his  p.alace  to  the  Jehu  on 


DIG 

Dwijht.)  xxxii.,  (by  A.  P.  Peabody  ;)  Bost,  Liv.  Age.  xxi,; 
N.  yTjrk  Eclcc.  Mag.,  v.,  vii.,  viii.,  ix.,  xvi. ;  N.  York  Eclec. 
Mus.,  i. ;  Phila.  Mus.,  xxxi.,  xxxii.  From  three  or  four 
of  these  reviews  we  append  brief  quotations: 

"The  popularity  of  this  writer  is  one  of  the  most  remarkable 
literary  ijheuomcna  of  recent  times,  for  it  has  been  fairly  earned 
without  resorting'  to  any  of  the  means  by  which  most  other  writers 
have  suci-eiiled  in  alliactiug  tUeattenlion  of  their  contemporaries. 
He  bus  tiattered  no  popular  prejudice,  and  profited  by  no  passing 
follv  :  he  lias  attempted  no  caricature  sketches  of  the  manners  or 
convei-satiou  of  the  aristocracy ;  and  there  are  very  few  political  or 
personal  allusions  in  his  works.  Moreover,  his  class  of  subjects 
are  such  as  tn  expose  him  at  the  outset  to  the  tatal  objection  of 
vul"arity :  and,  \vith  the  exception  of  occasional  extracts  in  the 
ue^vspapei  s.  he  received  little  or  no  assistance  from  the  press.  Yet, 
in  less  than  six  months  from  the  appearance  of  the  first  number 
of  the  Pickwick  Papers,  the  whole  reading  public  were  talkmg 
about  then:— the  names  of  Winkle,  Wardell,  Wcller,  Snodgrass, 
Dodson,  and  Fogg,  had  become  familiar  in  our  mouths  as  house- 
hold terms ;  and  Mr.  Dickens  was  the  grand  object  of  interest  to 
the  whole  tribe  of  ■  Leo-hunters,'  male  and  female,  of  the  metropo- 
lis. Nav,  Pickwick  chintzes  figured  in  linen-drapers'  windows,  and 
Weller  corduroys  in  breeches-makers'  advertisements;  lioz  cabs 
mi"ht  bo  seen  rattling  through  the  streets,  and  the  portrait  of  the 
aufhor  of  IMhani  or  Ciichton  was  scraped  down  or  pasted  over  to 
make  rnorn  f  r  th:itof  the  new  popular  favourite  in  the  omnibuses. 
This  is  only  to  Ije  accounted  for  on  the  supposition  that  a  fresh  vein 
of  himiour  had  been  opened;  that  a  new  and  decidedly  original 


his  box,  the  book  became  an  immediate  lavourite  wnu  an     „^yjX\xs,  had  sprung  up;  and  the  most  cursory  reference  to  pieced- 

classes  of  society.     The  public  were  equally  delighted  with     "  ._.^-.  =....: 

the  shrewd  facetiousness  of  Samuel  Weller,  and  the  unso- 
phisticated benevolence  of  his  estimable  master,  and  no 
less  charmed  with  the  oddities  and  affectations  of  the  otlier 
members  of  the  circle.  The  comparisons  of  Weller  Junior 
not  always  the  most  obvious — were  quoted  and  dupli- 
cated, if  no"t  improved  upon,  and  single  gentlemen  were 
continually  admonished  to  profit  by  the  example  of  the 
"old  gentleman,"  and  studiously  beware  of  respectable 
matrons  who  mourned  the  loss  of  their  conjugal  partners. 
An  author  so  successful,  and  who  seemed  to  jiossess  a 
perennial  spring  of  humour  and  a  m.arvellous  facility  of 
character,  not  unfrcquently  caricature,  drawing,  was  not 
permitted  to  forget  his  cunning:  the  publishers  and  the 
public  alike  insisted  upon  more  Pickwicks  and  Wellers; 
and  Nicholas  Nickleby,  Oliver  Twist,  The  Old  Curiosity  ... 
Shop,  and  Barnabyjludge,_were_eageriy  read  by  hundreds  |  J,°.S»,J^y--y^l'',f  ^.^tt 


of  thousands  of  delighted  readers.     On  the  completion  of 
Master  Humphrey's  Clock,  in  which  the  two  preceding  tales 
were  included,  Mr.  Dickens  visited  America,  where  he  hud  i 
no  reason  to  complain  of  a  lukewarm  reception. 

Upon  his  return  home  he  gave  the  world  the  result  of  | 
the  impressions  produced  by  his  tour,  in  his  American  Notes 
for  General  Circulation,  pub.  in  1S42.     This  volume  elicited 
a  vol.  pub.  in  N.  York,  1843,  8vo,  entitled  Change  lor  Aine-  ; 
rican  Notes,  in  Letters  from  London  to  New  York,  by  a  I 
Lady.     In  1843  he  commenced  Martin  Chuzzlewit,  in  which  | 
his  friends,  the  Americans,  were  not  forgotten.     He  visiled 
Italy  in  1844,  where  he  remained  for  about  a  year,  and  on 
his  return  in  1845  he  established  a  new  morning  newspa-  , 
per,  entitled  The  Daily  News,  whicii  he  conducted  for  a 
short  time.     It  is  now  a  leading  journal.     Among  other 
contributions    of    Mr.   Dickens,    a    number   of    sketches,  1 
styled  Pictures  of  Italy,  will  bo  found  in  its  columns. 

Since  the  relinquishment  of  the  Daily  News,  our  author 
has  given  to  the  world  Dombey  and  Son,  David  Copjier- 
field.  Bleak  House,  The  Child's  History  of  England,  Me- 
moirs of  Joseph  Grini.al.li,  and  the  Christmas  Tolesof  The 
Cricket  on  the  Hearth  and  The  Haunted  Man.  The  Chimes 
and  the  Christmas  Carol  had  been  previously  published. 
To  these  literary  labours  of  Mr.  Dickens  must  be  added 
Hard  Times,  for  These  Times,  1854,  p.  8vo  :  Little  Dorritt, 
1857.  Svo ;  and  papers  in  Tlic  Household  Narrative  of  Cur- 
rent Events,  and  in  Household  Words,  (of  which  vol.  xviii. 
was  pub.  in  1858.  Tho  circulation  of  the  latter  in  London 
alone  w.as  stated,  in  1853,  (not  Ijy  those  interested,  so  far 
as  we  are  aware.)  to  be  yO.OtlU  copies.  But  we  presume 
that  for  London  should  bo  read  Eiujhind.  This  periodical 
has  an  extensive  circulation  in  America,  also. 

New  eds.  of  several  of  Mr.  Dickens's  works  have  been 
republished  in  London  by  Messrs.  Ward  &  Lock,  Chap- 
man &  Hall,  and  Bradbury;  and  several  beautiful  eds. 
are  issued  in  Philadelphia  by  Messrs.  T.  B.  Peterson 
A  Bros.  For  critical  notices  of  the  merits  and  demerits 
of  this  popular  author  wo  refer  the  reader  to  Edin.  Rev., 
Ixviii.,  Ixxvi.,  Ixxxi.  ;  Lon.  t^uar.  Rev.,  lix.,  Ixiv., 
Ixxi.,  Ixxiii.;  Westm.  Rev.,  xxvii.,  xxxix.;  N.  Brit.  Rev., 
iv.,  vii.,  XV. ;  Eclec.  Rev.,  4th  Ser.,  i.,  xvii. ;  Blackw. 
Mag..  Hi.,  Ix. ;  Fraser's  Mag.,  xxi.,  xxv.,  xxvi.,  xlii. ;  Dubl. 
Unnr.  Mag.,  xii. ;  N.  Amcr.  Rev.,  hi.,  (liy  A.  P.  Pcabody, 
D.D.,)  Iviii.,  (by  C.  C.  Felton.)  Ixix..  (by  E.  P.  Whipple;) 
South.  Lit.  Moss.,  ii.,  iii.,  v.,  i.x. ;  Now  Englandcr,  i..  (by 
J.  P.  Tlioinpson;)    Bost.  Chris.  Exam.,  xxvii.,  (by  J.  S. 


.^^  English  writers  ot  tho  comic  order  will  show,  that,  in  his  own 
peculiar  walk,  Jlr.  Dickens  is  not  simply  the  most  distinguished, 
but  the  tirst."' — Lon.  Quart.  Hevitiv,  lix.  484;  Oct.  1837. 

"  'f  here  is  no  misanthropy  in  his  satire,  and  no  coarseness  in  his 
description.s— a  merit  enhanced  by  the  natuie  of  his  subjects.  His 
works  are  chietiy  pictures  of  hum'ble  life — hequently  of  the  hum- 
blest. The  reader  is  led  through  scenes  of  poverty  and  crime,  and 
all  the  characters  are  made  to  discourse  in  the  appropriate  language 
of  their  respective  classes — .and  yet  we  recollect  no  passage  which 
ought  to  cause  pain  to  the  most  sensitive  delicacy,  if  read  aloud  in 
female  society.  We  have  said  that  his  satire  was  not  misanthropic. 
This  is  eminently  true.  One  of  the  qualities  we  the  most  admira 
in  him  is  his  comprehensive  spirit  of  humanity.  The  tendency  of 
his  writings  is  to  make  us  practically  benevolent— to  excite  our  sym- 
pathy in  tiehalf  of  the  aggrieved  and  suffering  in  all  classes;  and 
especially  in  those  who  are  most  removed  from  observation.  He 
especially  directs  "ur  iitlention  to  the  h.lpless  virtims  of  untoward 
circumstances  or  a  i  ii-mu^  s\  slriii— ti>  tlir  iiiiinisniHd  ilrbtor — the 
orphan  pauper— tb.'  |,;oisb  aiiiinuliee— the  juvenile  riiiiiiiial— and 
■       •      •  — '      'i,  under  the  eomliiuation  of  itiiieutal  neglect, 

brutality  of  a  pedagogue,  may  be  exercised 


with  impunity  in  schools.  His  humanity  is  plain,  practical,  and 
manly.  It  is  quite  untainted  with  sentimentality.  There  is  no 
mawkish  w,ailing  for  ideal  distresses— no  morbid  exaggeration  of 
the  evils  incident  to  our  lot — no  disposition  to  excite  unavailing 
discontent,  or  to  turn  our  attention  from  remedial  grievances  to 
those  which  do  not  admit  a  remedy.  Though  he  appeals  much  to 
our  feelings,  we  can  detect  no  instance  in  which  he  has  employed 
the  verbiage  of  spurious  philanthropy.  He  is  equally  exempt  from 
the  meretricious  caut  of  spurious  philosophy." — £diii.  Jievuir, 
Ixviii.  77,  Oct.  1S38. 

"Dickens  as  a  novelist  and  prose  poet  is  to  be  classed  in  the  ti-ont 
rank  of  the  noble  company  to  which  he  belongs.  He  has  revived 
the  novel  of  genuine  practical  life,  as  it  existed  in  the  works  of 
fielding,  8moUett,  and  Goldsmith;  hut  at  the  same  time  has  given 
to  his  materials  an  individual  coloring  and  expres.sion  peculiarly 
his  own.  His  characters,  like  those  of  his  great  esemidars,  consti- 
tute a  world  of  their  own.  whose  truth  to  nature  every  reader  in- 
stinctively recognizes  in  connection  with  their  truth  to  Dickens. 
Fielding  delineates  with  more  exquisite  art,  standing  more  as  tho 
spectator  of  his  personages,  and  coniuienting  on  their  actions  with 
an  ironical  humour  and  a  seeming  innocence  of  insight,  which 
pierces  not  only  into,  but  through,  their  very  nature,  laying  bare 
their  most  uncouscious  scenes  of  action,  and  in  every  instance  in- 
dicating that  he  understands  them  better  than  they  understand 
themselves.  It  is  this  perfection  of  knowledge  and  insight  which 
gives  to  his  novels  their  naturalness,  their  freedom  of  movement, 
and  their  v.alueas  lessons  in  human  nature  as  well  as  consummate 
representations  of  actual  life.  Dickens'seyefor  the  forms  of  things 
is  as  accurate  as  Fielding's,  and  his  range  of  vision  more  extended; 
hut  he  does  not  probe  so  profoundly  into  the  heart  of  what  he  sees, 
and  he  is  more  led  away  from  the  simplicity  of  truth  by  a  tricksy 
spirit  of  fantastic  exaggeration.  Mentally  he  is  indisputatjly  bo- 
low  Fielding :  but  in  tenderness,  in  pathos,  in  sweetness  and  purity 
of  feeling,  in  that  comprehensiveness  of  sympathy  which  springs 
from  a  sense  of  brotherhood  with  mankind,  ho  is  indisputably  above 
him."— K.  V.  Whipple;  iV.  Amer.  Jiev..  Ixix.  392-393,  Oct.  1849. 

'■  The  mention  of  the  Waverlcy  Novels  and  their  broad  Scottish 
dialect,  leads  unavoidably  to  the  remark,  that,  unlike  the  author 
of  these  matchless  productions.  Mr.  Dickens  makes  his  low  charac- 
ters almost  alw.ays  vulgar.  It  is  not  easy  to  define  vulgarity,  hut 
every  one  can  feel  it;  and  we  know  that  Fldie  Ochiltree,  Cud'lie 
Ileadriig.  Bailie  Nicol  .larvie.  and  Domine  Sampson  are  not  vulgar, 
in  spite  of  their  accent,  language,  and  station;  neither  are  Jeaiiio 
Deans,  or  Meg  Meirilies,  or  the  Mui-klebackits;  and  while  the  au- 
thor draws  them  with  iierfect  truth,  he  often  conveys  through  their 
mouths  lessons  of  I  he  greatest  moial  elevation.  Every  reader  must 
havi^  felt  how  much  ulherwise  it  is  with  Mr.  Dickens. 

"  In  the  next  place,  the  good  characters  of  Mr.  Dickens's  novels 
do  not  seem  to  have  a  wholesome  moral  tendency.  The  reason  is, 
that  many  of  them— all  the  author's  favourites — exhibit  an  excel- 
lence flovviug  from  constitution  and  temperament,  and  not  from 
the  influence  of  moral  or  religious  motive.  They  act  from  impulse, 
not  from  principle.  They  present  no  struggle  of  contending  pas- 
sions; they  arc  instinctively  incapable  of  evil;  they  are,  therefore, 
not  constituted  like  other  human  beings ;  and  do  not  feel  the  force 


DIG 


of  temptation  »s  it  assails  our  less  perfect  breasts.     It  is  this  that 

makes  "'^^Vumesi' monsters,  that  the  world  ne'er  saw^' 
This  is  the  true  meaning  of -the  simple  beart,' wh>ch  Mr  D.ckens 
so  PC  ■petu.-illv  eulogizes.  Indeea,  they  often  dj-g™'™'". '°*V  " 
p?etofssometimes'into  mere  idiots.  .  .  .  Another  error  .s  the  un- 
due nrominence  civen  to  good  temper  and  kindness,  which  are 
constantTv  made  substitutes  for  all  other  virtues,  and  an  a  on,^ 
ment  for  the  want  of  them;  while  a  defect  in  these  good  quail  les 
£?he  li-nalf^r  instant  condemnation  and  the  charge  of  hypocrisy 
it  is  unfortunate,  also,  that  Mr,  Dickens  so  frequently  represents 
persons  with  pretin.sions  to  virtue  and  piety  as  mere  rogues  and 
£j^o  rites,  and  never  depicts  any  whose  sbitK-n  as  clergymen,  or 
reniitation  for  piety,  is  consistently  adorned  and  venfled.,  .  .  "o 
iXot  ut  sonielin  es  contrast  the  tone  of  Mr.  Dickens  s  purely 
sentin  e,  1  passages  with  that  of  J'ir  Walter  Scott  on  similar  occa- 
sion' and  the  MiH.,.1  pompwithwhich  the  firmer  often  parades  a 
flainil  1-  ,a '  of  thnadliare  morality  with  the  quiet  and  graceful 
eise  with  which  tlie  hitter  points  out  and  enforces  a  useful  lesson. 
—Xrirlli  British  h'eneio,lo\.i\. 

Dickens,  John.    Tin  Plates,  Lon.,  1(36.  Sto. 
Dickenson,  John.     Deorum  Conscs.sus,  L.m.,  15ai, 
8vo    Arisl.as,  l&iJI,4to,  Greene  in  Conceii.t,  Ac,  1598,  4to. 
Dickenson,  John.     Misrallanea  ex  Historus  Angli- 
canis,  Lugd.  Uatav..  KiOfi,  4to. 

Dickenson,  John.     Serm.  on  Ps.  Ixxxi. 
Dickenson,  John.     Serm.,  1779,  8vo. 
Dickenson,  Thomas.     Scrms.,  1712,   16,  Svo. 
Dickie,  J.     See  Mitchell,  J.  „       ,  ^, 

Dickins,  John,   Rcfister   of  the  Ct.  of  Chancery. 
Reports  in  Chancery,  by  J,  Wyatt,  Lon„  1803,  2  vols,  r,  8vo. 
'•Mr  Dickins  was  a  very  attentive  and  diligent  register,  tut  nis 
notes  being  rather  loose, "are  not  considered  as  good  authority.  — 
''""Fromtheaulhor-sofficial  station  greateMpectations  were  formed 
by  the  profession  from  the  proposed  publication  of  them;  sed  par- 
turiunt  montes,  etc:'— Bridgmans  Legal  IIM. 
Dickinson,  Adam.     N.  Test.  Grfece,  Lon  ,  1814. 
Dickinson,  Andrew.     My  First  Visit  to  Europe,  N. 
York    1851.  12ino,     A  2.1  0(1.  has  been  pub. 

'■  A  'very  r.  :ol d  Ir  l.ook— fresh,  nnalTected,  genuine.  His  narra- 
tion is  at  iiii^.'  f.iiililul.  varied,  and  interesting." 

Dickinson,  Kdmund,  1624-1707,  Physician  to  Chas. 
II  and  James  II.,  is  best-known  as  the  publisher  of  Delphi 
Phffinizicantes,  &c.,0.>Lnn.,  1655,  Svo,  a  learned  dissertation, 
written  to  prove  that  the  Greeks  borrowed  the  story  of  the 
Delphic  Oracles  from  the  Holy  Scriptures.  But  this  trea- 
tise was  really  written  by  Henry  Jacob,  and  appropriated 
by  the  dishonest  mcd!cus.  See  Athcn.  Oxon.  m  Orme  s 
liihl  Bib  Dickinson  wrote  a  work  entitled  PhysicaVetus 
et  Vera,  Lon.,  1702,  4to.  Parabola  Philosophica,  an.1  a 
treatise  on  the  Grecian  Games,  in  Latin,  pub.  with  an  Ac- 
count of  his  Life  and  Writings,  by  W.  M.  Blonbery,  1709, 

Svo ;  1739.  tfin  li 

Dickinson,  Francisco.    20  Rare  Secrets,  1649, 4to. 
Dickinson,  Capt.  H.      Instructions  for  forming  a 
Reciment  of  Infantry  tor  Parade  or  Exercise,  1798,  Svo. 

Dickinson,  John,  1732-1808,  member  of  the  As- 
sembly of  Penna.,  1764;  delegate  to  a  general  congress^ in 
New  York,  1705  ;  member  of  Congress  from  Penna.,  li  (4; 
ag.ain  in  1779  ;  President  of  Delaware,  1780  ;  President  of 
the  Supreme  Executive  Council  of  Penna.,  1782-85:  suc- 
ceeded by  Benjamin  Franklin.  Speech,  1764.  Reply  to 
a  Speech  of  Joseph  Galloway,  1765.  Late  Regulations 
respecting  the  British  C(donies  on  the  Continent  of  Ame- 
rica 1765.  Letters  from  a  Pennsylvania  Farmer  to  the 
Inhabitants  of  the  British  Colonies,  [12  Letters,]  1767-6S. 
Reprinted,  1774.  9  Letters  under  the  signature  of  Fahius ; 
intended  to  promote  the  adoption  of  the  Constitution,  1788; 
14  ditto,  to  encourage  a  favourable  feeling  towards  France, 
1797.  His  Polit.  Writings  were  pub.  in  2  vols.  Svo,  in  1801. 
Mr.  Dickinson's  style  was  distinguished  by  perspicuity, 
vigour,  and  a  flowing  elo(iuence  admirably  suited  to  the 
exciting  topics  which  coniinandod  his  pen.  He  was  au- 
thor ol°many  of  those  able  papers  issued  by  the  early 
American  Congress  which  elicited  the  ardent  eulogy  of 
Lord  Chatham.  . 

The  celebrated  Petition  to  the  King,  erroneously  ascribed 
by  Chief  Justice  Marshall,  in  his  Life  of  Washington,  to 
Mr.  Lee,  was  the  production  of  John  Dickinson. 

"It  won  the  highest  admiration  on  both  sides  of  the  Atlantic, 
and  will  remain  an  imperishable  monument  to  the  glory  of  its 
author,  and  of  the  assembly  of  which  he  was  a  member,  so  long 
as  fervid  and  manly  eloquence,  and  chaste  and  elegant  composi- 
tion shall  bo  appreciated."— TiiovAS  Aluuone  BunD:  Lijeof  John 
Vicldnson  in  the  Naiimal  Portrait  Gallery  of  Distmguuhcd  Amerv- 
ca?is,  P'(ita.,  1852,  vol.  ii.  . 

The  "  Second  Petition  to  the  King"  was  also  written  by 
John  Dickinson.  „  ,.    „    ^   t.      ■ .     » 

Dickinson,  Jonathan,  1 688-1747,  first  President 
of  the  College  of  New  Jersey,  1746-47,  was  for  nearly 
forty  years  "the  joy  and  glory"  of  the  1st  Presbyterian 
Church  of  Elizabcthtown,  New  Jersey.     He  pub.  many 


DIG 

serms.  and  thcolog.  treatises,  1732-46.  A  third  ed.  of  his 
Familiar  Letters  upon  Important  SubjeoLs  in  Religion  was 
pub.  at  Edin.  in  1757, 12mo,  and  a  collection  of  a  number  ol 
his  writings  was  issued  in  the  same  place  in  1793,  Svo.  Seo 
Pi'erson's  Serm.  on  his  death  ;  preface  to  his  serms.,  Edin. 
ed.  -Chandler's  Life  of  Johnson  ;  Allen's  Amor.  Biog.  Diet. 
Dickinson,  R.  Sheriffs,  Coroners,  Constables,  and 
Collectors  of  Taxes,  Springfield,  1810,  Svo.  Justices  of 
the  Peace,  Boston,  Svo. 

Dickinson,  Kobert.     Serms.,  1803-06,  Svo. 
Dickinson,  Robert.     Serms.,  Lon.,  1S18,  Svo. 
Dickinson,  Rodolphus.     New  and  corrected  Ver- 
sion of  the  New  Test,  with   Notes,    Boston,   1S:13,  r.  Svo. 
Severely  handled  in  the  Amor.  Month.  Rev.,  March,  1833. 
Dickinson,  Samncl.     Serm..  1784,  Svo. 
Dickinson,  VV  m,     Serm.,  Lon.,  1619,  4to. 
Dickinson,  VVm.     Ode  in  Artem  Anatonucam  oma- 
tissimo  doetissimo.iue  viro  Ricardo  Mead,  M.D.,  fid. 

Dickinson,  >Vm.  Antiquities  in  Nottinghamshire 
and  the  adjacent  Counties,  Newark,  1801-03,  4to,  vol.  i. 
This  is  an  untiuishcd  work,  containing  the  Hist  of  South- 
well. The  Hist,  and  Anti(i.  of  the  Town  of  Newark,  New- 
ark. 1806,  4to.     See  R.\st.\ll,  W.  Dickinson. 

Dickinson,  Wni.  Justice  of  the  Peace,  2d  ed.,  Lon., 
1822,  3  vols.  Svo.     Justice  Law  of  the  last  5  years,  1813- 

17,  1S18,  Svo.  .  ,  .,     ..v      ffi 

•■  A  very  good  and  convenient  Appendix,  executed  with  suffi- 
cient care  and  skill  to  answer  all  the  purposes  for  which  it  was 
undertaken."— ion.  *("»(;(/ /I'cc. 

Practical  Guide  to  the  Quarter  Sessions,  and  other  Ses- 
sions of  the  Peace ;  5tb  ed.  by  Mr.  Sergeant  Talfourd;  6th 
ed.  with  addits.  by  R.  P.  Tyrwhitt,  1S45,  Svo, 

Dicks,  John.     Gardener's  Directory,  1769,  fol. 

Dickson,  Rev.  Adam.  Treatise  on  Agriculture, 
Edin.,  1762,  Svo;  2d  ed.,  1765;  V(d.  ii.,  1769,  Svo;  new 
ed.,  1785,  2  vols.  Svo.  The  Husbandry  of  the  Ancients, 
Edin.  and  Lon.,  1788,  2  vols.  Svo. 

••This,  though  the  best  work  on  the  subject  in  the  English  lan- 
guage, is  inferior  to  th.at  of  Butel  Dumont,"— JfcC«/((vcA  s  LU.  nj 
Polit.  Ectmom  >/.  ,  ^    ,_        i-    *     * 

"  Dickson  iias  ever  been  very  justly  reckoned  to  be  a  flrst-rate 
writer  of  the  time  "—I'o"a'''soK's  .tin'iC(/rt. -Bi(i,<7,  ,.   ..   , 

Dickson,  Alex.  De  Vmbra  Rationis  et  Indicij,  Lon., 
1583, 16mo.    Libellusdememoriaverissima,Ac.,15S4,12mo. 

Dickson,  Caleb,  M.D.     Fever,  Lon.,  1585,  Svo. 

Dickson,  David,  158.3-1663,  a  native  of  Glasgow; 
minister  of  Irvine,  1618 ;  Proles,  of  Divinity  in  the  Univ. 
of  Glasgow,  1643,  and  afterwards  in  that  of  Edinburgh. 
Explanation  of  the  Epistle  to  the  Hebrews,  Aber.,  1635, 

fol.  and  12mo.  ,      „    ^      ,    n-i.t 

Not  so  satis&ctory  as  his  work  on  the  Psalms.  '—Orme  s  um. 

'Expositio  analytica  omnium  Epistolarum,  Glasg.,  1645, 
4to.     Exposition  of  the  Gospel  according  to  St.  Matthew, 

°°hort,  but  sensible  and  evangelical."— Bic/iOT((^A'5  Christian 

ABricf  Explication  of  the  Psalms,  165.3-55,  3  vols. 
Svo,  Glasg.  and  Lon.,  1S34,  3  vols.  12mo;  with  a  Memoir 
of  the  author,  by  the  Rev.  Robert  Wodrow. 

'•  Very  popular  dui  iiig  the  latter  part  of  the  seventeenth  cen- 
iVii-s."—lIoriie:s  Bihl.  hib.  .      .        ,     ,_  ,. 

"'The  exposition,  though  brief,  is  not  so  short  as  to  be  unsatis- 
factorv." — Onne's  Bibl.  Bih.  ,       ,  ^.        „ 

'•Of  use  for  the  justness  and  fertiUty  of  its  observations.  — 
WilUams's  Chi-istian  Preacher. 
Therapeutica  Sacra,  Edin.,  1695,  Svo.  ,,„.,. 

"An  experimental  and  profitable  work."— Sickerstdh  s  Christian 
Student.  .  .,  Acn    i*  1 

Exposition  of  all  the  Epistles,  1659,  fol. 
Dickson  was  engaged  in  some  other  works.     Edward 
Leiirh— see    a  Treatise  of  Religion   and   Learning,  Lon., 
1656,  fol.— commends  Dickson  highly,  and  Poole  repre- 
sents his  expositions  as  ....       „ 
"  Brief,  but  perspicuous,  ingenious,  and  judicious. 
See  Wodrow's  Jlcmoirs  of  Dickson ;  Law  s  Memonalls. 
Dickson,  David,  M.D.     Medical  Essay,  1712,  Svo. 
Dickson,  David.     Serms..  Edin.,  1818,  Svo. 
Dickson,  D.  M.     Ann.  of  Me(L,  1799. 
Dickson,  J.   Revelations  of  Cholera,  Lon..  1848,  Umo. 
Dickson,  J.     Breeding  of  Live  Stock,  Edin.  and  Lon., 
1850,  p.  Svo.  .„,.      ,„„,   ,, 
Dickson,  James.    Prac.  Discourses,  Edin.,  1731,  Svo. 
Dickson,   James,   d.  1822.    Fasciculus   Plantarum 
Cryptogamicarum  Britanni;-e,  Lon.,  178,3-1801,  4to.     Dried 
Plants,  1787-99,  sm.  fol.     BoUnical  Catalogue,  179i,  Svo. 
Con.  to  Trans.  Linn.  Soc,  1791,  '94,  '97,  and  to  Trans. 
Hortic.  Soc,  1815,  '17,  'IS. 

Dickson,  James  Hill.  Letters  on  the  improved 
mode  f.f  the  Cultivation  and  Management  of  Flax,  Lon., 
1846,  Svo.  .  ^, 


Die 


"The  intelligence  is  very  sound,  and  correctly  estimated."- 
%fck?olrU.  W:7m.D.    Practical  Agriculture ;  plaut- 

"'^tT^rm^Companion,  1811,  8vo.  I-P-«^|>- 
temof  Cattle  Mauagcment,  1^22  2  v„K4to.  He  eduU 
a  monthly  AL'ricultarnl  Journal,  1807,  U». 

Dicksou:  Rev.  Richard.    New  Interpretation  of 

Dickson,  ^"""V'svu  Fallacy  of  the  Art  of  Physic, 
rssrs^r  FaUa'c  efof  the  Fa^-ult/;  being  the  Spirit  of 
Jhe  Chronic  Treatment  System,  2a  ed.,  1841,  Syo;  6th  ed., 

'' n'ickso^  's^amuelHenry,  Professor  of  the  Prae- 
tic"f  MeX\norrbe  Jcffersor  Medical  College  Phila. 

^.i„h  n    fi,r  miny  years  Prof,  of  the  Institutes  and  Practice 

0  Sicin   rn  th^  111  CU.  of  the  State  of  South  Carolina. 

1  Dengue:  its  History,  Pathology,  and  Treatment,  Phila, 
1826  Svo  2.  Essays  on  Pathology  and  Therapeutics; 
beinethe  Substance  of  the  Course  of  Lectures  delivered  in 
thTul  Coll.  of  S.  Carolina,  1845,  2  vols.  Svo  3.  Essays 
on  Slavery,  1845,  and  sundry  Orations  and  Addresses.  4. 
Essays  on  Life,  Sleep,  Pain,  &c.,  Phila.,  1852,  12mo.  5. 
E  em^ntrof  Medicine,  1855,  8vo,  pp.  750.  Br.  Djckson 
has  contrib.  to  many  medical  and  miscell.  periodicals.  It 
wUl  be  observed  by  the  annexed  notice  that  this  distin- 

3^-^:Sy:s^fSt^SHsri 

S  r^vTni^lt'H^ir^^n  rgraoe  of  his  per^ds^ 

Adm^nrstraUun   Vindicated,   with    a  Pief.  by  J.  Seddon, 
"mcksoii,  Thomas.     De  Sanguinis  Missione,  Lugd. 

'^'^i,'i"ks^n:Thomas,  M.D.,  Physician  ^"^^^^^t 
Hospital.     Blood-letting,  Lon.,l(6D,  4to.     Con.  to  Med. 

*"  Di"ksou';'WaUer  R.     Domestic  Poultry,  Lon    1833, 
'46   12mo?  new  ed.  with  addits.  by  Mrs.  Loudon,  lUus.  by 

^^'TMl'i'fn''e.^en:n;  tre.^tise  on  poultry,  and  deserves  much 

i  is  the  most  comprehensive  work  on  the  ^"'jl^;.  ^"'^;°- 
raluable  to  all  who  raise  poultry  either  for  profit  or  pa»t.me. 

Dickson,  Wm.  Negro  Slavery,  Lon.,  17b9,8vo.  Wi- 
ti^at'on  n?  S  avery,  181472  vols.  8vo  ;  in  eonjunetaon  with 
Hon  I  Steele  Other  works.  Trans  of  serms.  by  Mas- 
Iluon  i798  3  vols.  8VO.  Every  one  should  read  the  serms. 
of  the  elo,i«ent  Bishop  "f,  Cl»remont^  ^^^  ^^^  ^^ 

-iHSSiS^SSJt^ri^ir^rofSs 

Mauey:  l''■J^V'n.°£f:''tZZ>^:u^d■  Flechieris  more  equ.il.  but 
cious,  but  he  neglects  tlie  ligniei  oiuaiueu..,  therefore, 

livelT  concise,  and  harmonious.  — i.  Aiimu.  .        .   t> 

Dicuil,  an  Irish  monk,  b.  755-760?  wrote  a  tract  Do 
Mensura  Orbis  Terras,  and  a  treatise  on  Grammar  ;  ho  lat- 
ter  annears  o  be  lost.  The  tract  De  Mensura,  Ac.  was 
tot  pub    L  1807  by  C.  A.Walckenaer,  Paris,  Svo,  from 

502 


DIG 

*    „  \T««    in  the  Koyal  (the  Imperial)  Library  at  Paris. 
Sim  a  "ew  ed    w'as  W  by 'a.  Letronne,  Paris   8v„, 
who  consulted  two  MSS.  in  Italy.     There  is  another  MS. 
Tf  th is  tract  in  the  Imperial  Library  at  Vienna, 
ot  tnis  tr.iei,  lu  I.UV.        1  nerfectlv  destitute  of  ornament; 

ie.uauu  ^       1-     J  Travels  in  New  Zealand,  1843,  I 

•;X'  1:7'  i™l\.  Me woA^ettainingan  extensive  Fauna 
rf  New  Zealand,  and  a  Grammar  and  Dictionary  of  the 

^  memar,  E .  M.    The  History  and  Amours  of  Rhodope, 

'^"i'i''iht"'Fvprard,  d  1592.  Theoria  Analytica,  Ac, 
T  ^1579  fto      Se  Duplici  Methodo  libri  duo,  1580,  8vo 

*De  Art^e'Natandi.  1587.  A  dissuasive  rel.  to  the  goods, 
Ae  c.f1he  Cbm^-h,  4to.  A  Short  Introduction  for  to  learn 
to  Swimine   trans,  by  Chr.  Middleton.  .  ,    j      , 

m-by,  Sir  Everard,  1581-1606,  distinguished  as 
"the  haml'somest  man  of  his  time,;  son  of  tbe  preceding 
executed  as  an  aceompliee  in  the  Gunpowder  Pot.  Some 
of  hTs  papers  were  pub.  with  other  pieces  relating  to  the 

''^T»i"^bv    Francis.     A  trans,  from  Xenophon. 

Si"by    (;corge,  Earl  of  Bristol,  1612-1676,  born  m 

:p:hC:hSofK:^bA674  and  1679  ^Elvira, 
T.  Comedy  'Tis  better  than  it  was.  Apology,  1642  4to 
Let  eTtothe  Queen,  1642,  4to.  Letters  between  Lord 
George  Digby  and  Sir  Kenelm  Digby,  Kt.,  eoncerning  Re- 
U '°of  1651, 12mo.  See  other  publications  of  his  in  Park  s 
wXolel  R.  and  N.  Authors.  See  also  Athen.  Oxon.; 
!>•  ij,.;t  .  Till  Warhurton's  In troduc.  to  Julian. 
^'"i'smguAson    whLe  life  ,vas  contradiction."-Hoa..c. 

'"■m'sby,  John,  Earl  of  Bristol,  1580-1653  father  of  the 
pr^ediu:-  Verses  on  the  Death  of  Sir  Henry  TJnton. 
Kr  Poems  See  Lawes's  Ayres  and  Dialogues,  Lon., 
i^^53fol      Trans,  of  P.  du  Moulin's  Defence  of  the  Catholic 

"ST^fm^e^Z:.     leJrarK-s  Walpole's  R,  --^  ^ ;^^^^''S:^ 
Digby,  Sir  John.     Letter  to  Col.  Kerr,  Gov.  of  Ply- 
mouth, persuading  him  to  betray  his  trust  1645 
Ditibv.  Lord  John.     Speeches,  1642,  60,  4 to. 
S  !by    Sir  Kenelm,  1603-1648,  son  of  Sir  Everard 
Dirty   was  e.ually  distinguished  for  his  supposed  skill  in 
S'phnosophy.  and  for  having  married  the  famous  beau- 
tv  Venetia  Ana^tasia,  daughter  of  Sir  Edward  Stanley, 
^■•- 1  Hdy  of  an  e."aordinary  beauty,  and  of  as  extraordinary  a 

'^"B^n'^n^twho  wrote  ten  pieces  in  her  praise,  thus 

'"■"""'Twere'nmJ  that  I  dy'd  too,  now  she  is  dead, 
Who  WMS  my  Muse,  and  life  of  all  I  said; 
The  siiirit  that  1  wrote  with,  and  conceiv  d. 
All  that  was  good  or  gn^at  with  me,  she  weav  d. 
Aubrey  gives  a  minute  account  of  her  appearance.     See 
Bliss's  Wood's  Athen.  Oxon..  111.  694-0.  f  „„,u,  •  A 

Sir  Kenelm  was  the  author  of  a  number  of  works.  A 
Conference  wUh  a  Lady  about  the  Choice  of  Religion  Pans, 
{fi3H  8™     L  n    1654.     His  and  Mr.  Montague's  Letters 

P:;^^g;;i:^  c™tri^^J-^;,-;„  - - 

^rri68^8:i^X;^<^|^2dStan.ain.he9th^Can^ 

s:3^^:^^b^^i:i^S;'^?at;7io:^^>^op^(^ 

?6"0  "sVo  "Imst.  'i66L12mo  The  Boav  -id  Soul  of 
Man  Paris  1644,  fol.  Of  Bodies  and  ot  Man  s  Soul,  <tc., 
Lon  1669  4to.  Institutionum  Peripatet.carmn  Pans, 
\lix  Le  ters  between  him  and  Lord  George  Digby  eon- 
■■  p  ,i,v;„n  1651  Svo.  Infallibility  of  Religion, 
p"ri6^  So'.  A^hc^ing  to  God,  Lon.,  1654.  Con- 
fai  IS,  100-,  i_iuo.  p..rinatetical  Institutiones,  trans. 

I'^Whi^  1656   Svo.-     D  Tantrum  Vegetatione,  1661, 
byT.  \\hite,  1000,010.     i  Ucceints    ..f  Surgery 

S-i-l^^l:^  r'ofSiar:nd  5S^d  .VateralnS 


DIG 


DIL 


Spirits,  1665,  '68,  '75,  8vo;  in  Latin,  by  George  Hurtman, 
lfi68,  8vo.  Trans,  into  many  languages.  His  Closet 
Opened,  1669,  '77,  8vo.  Chymical  Secrets,  pub.  by  S.  Hart- 
man,  1683,  8vo.  Excellent  Directions  for  Cookery,  1669. 
Remedies  Souuerains,  &o.,  Paris,  1684. 12mo.  Secrets  pour 
la  Beaute  des  Dames,  Ac,  Haye,  1700,  8to.  See  Biog. 
Brit. ;  Life  of  Lord  Clarendon ;  Bliss's  Wood's  Athen. 
Oxon. ;  Bibl.  Digbeiana,  1680,  8vo;  Life  of  Sir  Kenelm 
Digby,  pub.  from  his  own  MS.  by  Sir  N.  Harris  Nicolas, 
1827,  8vo. 

"A  Gentleman  absolute  in  all  Numbers." — Ben  .Tonson. 

" He  possessed  all  the  advantages  whiih  n.Hture and  art,  and  an 
excellent  education  could  ^nve  bim." — Lord  Clarendon. 

Digby,  Kenelm  Henry.  Broadstoue  of  Honour, 
(on  the  Origin,  Spirit,  ami  Institutions  of  Christian  Chi- 
valry.) 1st  Book  called  Godefridus;  2d  Book,  Tancredus; 
3d  Book,  Morus;  4th  Book,  Orlandus,  Lon.,  1S26,  '27,  fp. 
Svo.     New  ed.,  1845^8,  3  Tols.  12mo. 

"  He  identifies  himself,  as  few  have  ever  done,  with  the  cood  and 
threat  aud  heroic  and  holy  in  former  limes,  and  ever  rejoices  in  pass- 
ing out  of  himself  into  them.'' — ARcnuEAcoN  Hare:  Gucss>'sai  Truth. 

'•  We  have  never  read  a  volume  more  full  than  this  [Morus]  of 
loving  gentlcucss  and  earnest  admiration  for  all  things  beautiful 
and  excellent." — Sterling. 

Mores  Catholici;  or  Ages  of  Faith,  Anon.,  1844-47,  3 
vols.  r.  Svo. 

"That  delightful  writer,  who  has  collected,  like  a  truly  pious 
pilgrim,  the  fi-agi-ance  of  ancient  times;  whose  works  I  should  cer- 
tainly recommend  to  the  English  Aristocracy,  and  Irish,  too."— 
Archhishop  ok  'fl'AM. 

Digby,  Wm.,  Dean  of  Clonfert.  21  Lectures  on  Di- 
vinity, Dubl.,  1787.  Svo. 

Digges,  Sir  Dudley,  158.3-1 639,  eldest  son  of  Thomas 
Digges,  educated  at  University  College,  O.xford.  Four 
Par.adoxes,  or  Politique  Discourses,  &c.  by  Thos.  .and  Dud. 
Digges,  1604,  4to.    Defence  of  the  E.  India  Trade,  1615, 4to. 

'■  It  contains  some  curious  particulars,  but  wants  the  ingenuity 
and  oriiriuality  which  distinguishes  Mun's  tract."— JfcCui(oc/i's 
Lit.  of  Bilit.  Ecrm. 

Right  and  Privileges  of  the  Subject,  1642,  4to.  The 
Compleat  Ambassador,  1655,  '65,  fol. 

"  .i  pleasing  variety  of  letters." — Bp.  NicoLSON. 

Digges,  Dudley,  1612?-1643,  third  son  of  the  preced- 
ing. An  Answer  to  Observations  upon  some  of  his  Majes- 
ty's late  Answers  and  Expresses,  O.xon.,  1642  ;  tiHoa.  The 
Unlawfulness  of  Subjects  taking  up  Arms  against  their 
sovereign  on  what  case  soever,  1643,  '47,  4to ;  1662,  Svo. 
Review  of  the  Observ.ations  upon  some  of  his  M.ajesty'a 
late  Answers  and  Expresses,  Oxon.,  1043,  '44;  aao«. 

Digges,  Edward.     Silkworms,  Phil.  Trans.,  1665. 

Digges,  Leonard,  d.  about  1573,  an  eminent  mathe- 
matician, father  of  Thomas  Digges,  a  native  of  Barham, 
Kent,  was  educated  at  University  College,  Oxford.  Tec- 
tonicon;  measuring  of  Land,  &c..  Lon.,  1556, 4to.  A  Prog- 
nostication to  judge  of  the  weather,  Ac,  1555,  '40,  '56,  '64, 
'67 ;  augmented  by  T.  Digges,  1576,  '78,  '92, 1634,  4to.  An 
Arithmet.  Military  Treatise  named  Stratioticos ;  augmented 
by  T.  Digges,  1579,  '90,  4to. 

"There  is  here  a  brief  and  good  treatise  on  Arithmetic,  and  some 
Algebra  of  the  school  of  Recorde  aud  Scheubel;  but  the  gieater 
part  of  the  work  is  on  military  matters." — Professor  Dt  MornatVs 
Arithmetical  Bonks,  ton.,  1.S47,  Svo. 

"  A  most  excellent  mathematician,  a  skilful  architect,  and  a  most 
expert  surveyor  of  land." — Athen.  Oion. 

Digges,  Leonard,  15SS-1635,  gr.andson  of  the  pre- 
ceding, was  educated  at  University  College,  Oxford.  Ge- 
rardo:  from  the  Spanish  of  Gon^alo  de  Cespades,  Lon., 
1622,  4to.  The  Rape  of  Proserpine;  from  the  Latin  of 
Claudian,  1628,  4to.  His  commendatory  verses  to  Shaks- 
peare  were  prefixed  to  the  works  of  the  latter.  See  1st 
folio,  1623;  and  Poems,  1640,  Svo. 

"  A  great  master  of  the  English  language,  a  perfect  understandh-r 
of  the  French  and  Spanish,  a  good  poet,  and  no  mean  orator." — 
Athen.  Ozon. 

Digges,  Thomas,  d.  1595,  son  of  the  flrst-n.amed 
Leonard,  and  father  of  Leonard  the  younger  and  of  Sir 
Dudley,  is  known  chiefly  as  the  editor  of  his  father's  work.s, 
but  pub.  several  works  of  his  own.  A  Geometrical  Trea- 
tise named  Pantometria,  by  Leonard  and  Thos.  Digges, 
Lon.,  1571,  4to;  1591,  fol.  Alse.  sive  Scalse  Mathematics;, 
1573,  4to.  Stratioticos.  See  Digges,  Leon.ird.  Eng- 
land's Defence,  1680,  fob  Celestial  Orbs,  1592,  4to.  Hum- 
ble Motives,  1601,  Svo.  See  Archajol.,  vol.  vi.  Nova  Cor- 
pora Regularia,  1634,  4to.  Digges  commenced  a  number 
of  works  which  were  never  finished,  in  consequence  of  his 
becoming  entangled  in  lawsuits.  The  vexations  to  which 
he  was  thus  subjected  were  too  much  for  the  philosopher's 
equanimity ;  for  after  giving  us  a  catalogue  of  six  works 
which  he  had  designed  publishing,  he  thus  breaks  forth : 

'■  All  these,  and  other,  long  sithens.  the  author  had  finished  and 
published,  had  not  the  infernall  furies,  enuing  such  his  tailicitie 
and  happie  soeietie  with  his  mathematical  muses,  for  many  yeares 


I  so  tormented  him  with  lawe-brables  that  he  hath  bene  enforced 
to  disconiinuc  those  his  delectable  studies.'  See  Bliss's  ^Vood's 
Athen.  itxou.;  Stow's  Sui'vey  of  London,  i.  71.72,  edit..  Lon.,  1720; 
Biog.  Brit. ;  Brit.  Bibliographer,  where  are  some  curious  extracts 
fi-om  his  works. 

The  mathematical  genius  of  the  various  members  of  this 
family  is  remarkable.  It  is  supposed  that  a  spy-wlass  was 
in  their  possession,  the  invention  of  which  and  the  instru- 
ment itself  were  kept  secret. 

"One of  the  most  important  names  connected  with  the  advance- 
ment of  English  mathematical  science  in  the  16th  century  ia  that 
of  Digges." — Prof.  De  Morgan. 

Dighton,  T.     Kneeling  at  the  Sacrament,  1618. 

Dignan,  Browne,  M.D.  Ess,ay  on  the  Political 
Principles  of  Public  Economy,  1776,  12mo. 

Dikes,  T.     1.  Serm.     2."  F.  Penitentiary,  1811. 

Diligent,  J.     Log  of  the  Cumberland,  Svo. 

Diike,  Charles  Wentworth,  b.  1789,  the  proprietor 
and  for  many  years  editor  of  the  London  Athenieum,  was 
formerly  a  contributor  to  the  Westminster  and  Retrospec- 
tive Reviews  and  other  periodicals.  In  1814  he  edited  a 
valuable  collection  of  Old  English  Plays,  in  6  vols.  A 
notice  of  Mr.  Dilke  will  be  found  in  Men  of  the  Time, 
Lon.,  1853,  also  in  Knight's  Eng.  Cyc. 

Dilke,  Thomas.    The  Lover's  Luck;  a  comedy,  Lon., 

1 696,  4to.     The  City  Lady,  or  Folly  Reclaimed ;  a  comedy, 

1697,  4to. 

Dill,  E.  M.,  D.D.  Ireland's  Miseries;  the  Grand 
Cause  .and  Cure,  Edin.,  1852,  12mo. 

"  This  is  a  book  that  will  attract  much  attention." 

Dillaway,  Charles  K.,  late  principal  in  Boston  Latin 
School,  Mass.,  has  pub.  many  useful  educational  works. 

Dillenius,  John  James,  M,D.,  1687-1747,  an  emi- 
nent botanist,  a  native  of  Darmstadt,  settled  in  England, 
and  became  Prof,  of  Botany  in  the  University  of  Oxford. 
Catalogus  Plantarum,  Ac,"  Francf.,  1718,  '19,  Svo.  An 
improved  ed.  of  R.ay's  Synopsis  Stirpium  Britannicarum, 
1724.  Hortus  Elthamensis,  Ac,  Lon.  and  Oxf.,  17.32, 
2  vols.  fol. 
"  Est  opus  botanicum,  quo  absolutius  mundum  non  vidit." — 

LiN'NJil'S. 

Historia  Muscorum ;  a  general  History  of  Land  and 
Water,  Ac.  Mosses  and  Corals,  Oxon.,  1741,  2  vols.  4to. 
Dillenius  came  to  England  by  the  invitation  of  Dr.  Wm. 
Sherard,  who  left  £3000  to  establish  a  botany  professor- 
ship at  Oxford,  provided  Dillenius  should  first  fill  the 
chair.  See  Biog.  Brit. ;  I'ulteney's  Sketches  of  Botany  in 
Eng.:  Stoever's  Life  of  Linnaeus;  Rees's  Cyc;  Nichols's 
Lit.  Anecdotes. 

Dillingham,  Eras.     Theolog.  treatises,  1699-1617. 

Dillingham,  Wm.,  D.D.  Theolog.  and  poet,  works, 
1661-1700. 

Dillingham,  Wm.  H.,  1790-1854,  a  native  of  Lee, 
Berkshire  CO.,  Mass.,  for  many  years  a  resident  of  Phila- 
delphia. Tribute  to  Peter  Collinson.  Address  and  Ora- 
tions before  various  societies,  and  many  contributions  to 
the  periodicals  of  the  day. 

Dillon,  Lord.  Rosaline  de  Vere;  a  Romance,  Lon., 
2  vols.  p.  Svo.  The  Life  and  Opinions  of  Sir  Richard  Mal- 
travers,  an  English  Gentleman  of  the  17th  Century,  2  vols, 
p.  Svo. 

"  The  original  tone  of  thinking  of  these  volumes  cannot  but 
cause  them  to  be  much  read." — Neiv  Month.  Mag.,  1822. 

Eccelino  da  Romano ;  a  Poem,  Svo. 

"There  is  a  richness  of  diction  and  origin.ality  of  idea  such  as 
would  have  claimed  for  the  author  a  high  reputation  even  in  the 
best  days  of  our  national  poetry." — Lon.  NlVj  Mmith.  Maa.,  Sept. 
1S2R. 

Dillon,  Hon.  Arthur.  A  Winter  in  Iceland  and 
Lapland,  Lon.,  1840.  2  vols.  ]).  Svo. 

"These  volumes,  fall  of  information,  historical  and  descriptive, 
are  the  result  of  a  journey  not  less  creditable  to  Mr.  Dillon's  lite- 
rary character  than  his  courage.  The  history  is  a  sort  of  sea  ro- 
mance."— Lon.  Athis. 

Dillon,  Hon.  Henry  Augustus,  Viscount,  Col., 
and  M.P.  Letter  rehitive  to  the  Roman  Catholics  of  Ire- 
land, Lon.,  1S05,  Svo.  A  Commentary  on  the  Military 
Establishments  and  Defence  of  the  British  Empire,  Lon., 
18)  1,  '12,  2  vols.  Svo. 

Dillon,  Sir  J.  Case  of  the  Children  of  the  Duke  of 
Sussex  elucidated  ;  a  Juridical  Exercitation,  Lon.,  1832, 
4to  ;  of  Sir  A.  d'Este.  1832,  Svo. 

Dillon,  John  Joseph.  Legal  aud  Political  treatises, 
Lon.,  18110-13. 

Dillon,  John  T.  Travels  through  Spain,  Lon.,  1780, 
4to.  This  wnrk  treats  of  Natural  History  and  Physical 
Geograjihy.  Letters  from  Spain.  1781,  8vo.  Artof  Paint- 
ing, 1782,  Svo.  Survey  of  the  S.  Roman  Empire,  1782,  Svo. 
'  Hist,  works,  1788,  '90.  Oxen  for  Tillage  in  competition 
with  Horses,  from  the  French  of  De  Monray,  with  Notes, 
.  1796,  Svo. 

SOS 


DIL 

"  He  labours  bflrd.  as  all  others  on  the  same  subject,  to  eKtablish 
:.  fallacy,  and  a  ctmtradiction  to  the  ordinations  of  nature."— i>0- 
nal'h"n's  AgricnU.  Bi(jg. 

Dillon,  R.  C.  Lectures  on  the  39  Articles,  Lon., 
12mu.     (iLoasiunal  Serms.  Svo,     20  Serms.  Svo. 

'•Good  sp'^ciinens  of  the  style  of  preaching;  suited  to  a  polished 
audienre." — Lon.  Evangd.  Mag. 
Dillou,  Theobald.     Military  Plans,  1796. 
Dillon,  Wentworth,  Earl  of  Eoscommon.  b.  in  Ire-  ' 
land  about  1633,  d.  16!f-t.  was  a  son  of  James,  third  Earl  , 
of  Roscommon,  by  Elizabeth  Wentworth,  sister  of  the  great 
Earl  of  Strafford.     He  studied  for  some  time  at  tlie  Pro-  ^ 
tcstant  University  of  Caen,  in  Normandy,  under  Bochart, 
subsequently  resided  at  Rome,  returned  to  Ireland,  and  [ 
finally  settled  in  London,  where  he  was  made  master  of 
the  horse  to  the  Duchess  of  York,  and  married  the  widow  . 
of  Colonel  Courtney,  a  daughter  to  the  Earl  of  Burlington. 
He  died  in   1684  of  an  attack  of  the  gout,  repeating  with 
great  energy  at  the  moment  of  his  departure  two  lines  of 
his  own  version  of  Dies  Iraj : 

"  My  God.  my  Father,  and  my  Friend, 
Do  not  lbrs.ake  me  in  my  end!" 
Essay  on  Translated  Verse,  leSi,  4to.  Works,  1700, 
Svo;  with  those  of  Rochester,  1709,  Svo.  New  ed.  of  his 
Works,  with  an  Essay  on  Poetry  by  the  Earl  of  Mulgrave 
and  Duke  of  Buckingham,  together  with  Poems  by  Mr. 
Richard  Duke,  1717,  Svo.  And  his  poems  will  be  found 
in  Johnson's  and  Chalmers's  Collection  of  the  Poets.  They 
are  few  in  number,  but  have  considerable  merit.  His  Es- 
say on  Translated  Verse  and  his  trans,  of  Horace's  Art  of 
Poetry  have  been  highly  commended.  But  uo  praise  can 
be  higher  than  that  which  Pope  allows  him — of  being  the 
only  moral  writer  of  King  Charles's  reign  : 

"  Unhappy  Drydeo!  in  all  Charles's  days, 

Roscommon  only  boasts  unspotted  lays." 

"It  was  my  Lord  Roscommon's  Kssay  on  Translated  Verse  which 

made  me  uneasy  till  I  tried  whether  or  no  I  w.is  capable  of  follow- 

iug  his  rules,  and  of  reducing  the  speculation  into  practice.'' — 

Drvden  :  Pref.  to  his  AfisceUanie^. 

"In  the  writings  of  this  nobleman  we  view  the  ima;;e  of  a  mind 
naturally  serious  and  solid ;  richly  furnished  and  adorned  with  all 
the  ornaments  of  art  and  science:  and  those  ornaments  unaffect- 
edly disposed  in  the  most  regular  and  elegant  order." — Fenton. 

"Of  Roscommon's  works  the  judgment  of  the  pul-lic  seems  to 
be  right.  He  is  elegant,  liut  not  great;  he  never  labours  after 
exquisite  beauties,  but  he  seldom  falls  into  gross  faults.     His  ver- 


DIS 

ticularlv  such  as  the  Ancients  used  to  engrave  on ;  Phil. 
Ti:ans..'l747. 

Dingley,  Somerville.    App.  to  14th  ed.  of  Burns's 
Justice  of  the  Peace,  Lon.,  17S5,  Svo.     Parish  Officer's 
Companion,  17S6,  12mo. 
Dingley,  Wm.     Serm.  Oxon.,  1713,  Svo. 
Dinmore,  Kicliard.     English  Jacobins,  1796,  Svo. 
Dinnies,  Mrs.  Anna  Peyre,  a  daughter  of  Judge 
Shackleford   of  South  Carolina,  was  married  in  1830  to 
Mr.  John  C.  Dinnies,  then  of  St.  Louis,  now  of  New  Or- 
leans.    Mrs.  Dinnies  has  contributed  largely  to  the  \ie- 
riodicals  of  the  day  under  the  signature  of  "  Moina."     In 
1846  she  pub.  in  a  vol.,  entitled  The  Floral  Year,  "  one 
hundred  compositions  arranged  in  twelve  groups  to  illus- 
trate that  number  of  bouquets  gathered  in  the  different 
months." 

'•  Her  pieces  celelirating  the  domestic  affections  are  marked  by 
unusual  gr.ace  and  tenderness,  and  some  of  them  are  worthy  of 
the  most  elegant  poets."— Dr.  R.  W.  Griswold:  Femixk  Pods  of 
America,  q.  v.  for  specimens  of  her  compositions. 

"  The  holv  fire  of  poesy  burns  pure  and  bright  in  her  own  heart, 
and  she  cherishes  it  to"  illuminate  and  bless  her  own  hearth." — 
Mrs.  IlaU's  Wumun's  Kixirrd. 

Diusdale,  Joshua.     Serm.,  1740,  Svo. 
Dinsmore,  Robert,  b.  1757.  in  Windham,  N.H.    In- 
cidental Poems,  accompanied  with  Letters  and  a  few  Select 
Pieces,  mostly  Original,  Ac. ;  with  a  Sketch  of  the  Author's 
Life.  Haverhill,  Mass.,  1828. 

Dinwooddie,  Robertus.   De  Morbis  Spontaneis  ex 
Acido  Humore  oriuudus,  Lugd.  Bat.,  1730,  4to. 

Dirom,  Alex.,  Major,  Ac.     A  Narrative  of  the  Cam- 
paign in  India,  Lon.,  1793.  4to. 

"A  very  amusing  and  entertaining  dctiul  of  the  operations 
which  closed  the  late  Indian  war  in  17tl2." 

Corn   Laws;   with  a  Supp.   by  W.  Mackie,  1796,  4to. 
Plans  for  the  Defence  of  G.  Britain  and  Ireland,  1797,  Svo. 
Dirrill,  Charles.     Shakspeare's  Tempest,  1797. 
Disbrowe,  J.    Lett,  to  the  Speaker  of  Pari.,  1659,  4to. 
Disney,  Alex.     Christian  Holiness,  1800. 
Disney,  David,     fiod's  People,  Edin.,  1764. 
Disney,  John,  1677-1730,  an  excellent  magistral*, 
who  turned  diviue  in  1719;  Vicar  of  St.  Mary,  Notting- 
ham, 1722.     Penal  Laws,  Lon.,  1700,  Svo.     Primitte  Sa- 
cra, 1701,  Svo.     View  of  Ancient  Laws  against   Immo- 


siflcation  is  smooth,  but  rarely  righteous,  and  his  rhymes  are  re-  ,  rality  and   Prophaneness,  Camb.,  1729,  fol. :    this  is  a  new 


markably  ex.act.     Ue  improved  taste,  if  be  did  not  enlarge  know- 
ledge, and  may  be  mentioned  among  the  benefactors  to  English 
literature.  ...  He  is  perhaps  the  only  correct  writer  in  verse  be- 
fore Addison." — Dr.  John.wii's  Life  of  'Boscommon. 
"  Roscommon  not  more  learned  than  good, 
With  manners  generous  as  his  noble  blood ; 
To  him  the  wit  of  Greece  and  Rome  was  known. 
And  every  author's  merits  but  his  own." — Pope. 
"Roscommon  tills  with  elegant  remark 
His  verse  as  elegant;  unspotted  lines 
Flow  from  a  mind  unspotted  as  themselves." — 

Hurtlis's  Vtlliige  Curate. 
Dillwyn,  Lewis  W.  Synopsis  of  the  Brit.  Confervse, 
Lon.,  1802-09,  4to.  Botanist's  Guide  through  England 
and  Wales ;  by  D.  Turner  and  L.  W.  D.  Cat.  of  Plants 
near  Dover ;  Trans.  Linn.  Soc,  1S02.  Cat.  of  recent  shells, 
1817,  2  vols.  Svo.     See  Lister,  M.ietix,  M.D. 

Dilworth,  Thomas,  d.l780.    Book-Keeper's  Assist, 
Svo;  Schoolmaster's  do.,  12mo.     Arithmetic,  12mo  ;  Com- | 
pendium  of  do.  1752,  12mo.     Guide  to  English  Tongue, 
1761,  12mo.     These  were  long  popul.ar. 

Diinock,  Henry.  Serm.,  Oxf.,  1783,  4to.  Notes  on 
the  Psalms  and  Proverbs,  Glouce.s.,  1791,  4to ;  do.  on  Ge- 
nesis, Exodus,  Isaiah,  Jeremiah,  Ezekiel,  Daniel,  and  the 
Minor  Prophets,  1S04,  4to. 

"Almost  entirely  critical.  .  .  .  The  work,  on  the  whole,_  does 
credit  to  the  learning  of  the  author,  and  affords  some  aid  in  inter- 
preting the  nible."— Orme's  Bibl.  Bib. 

Dimond,  Wm.,  the  Y"ounger,wrote  a  number  of  poems 
and  dr.amatic  pieces,  1800-13.     See  Biog.  Dramat. 

Dirasdale,  Thomas,  Baron,  M.D.,  1718-1800,  acele- 
brated  inoculator  for  the  small-pox,  pub.  several  treatises 
upon  the  subject,  1767-SI,  some  of  which  formed  part  of 
a  controversy  between  the  author  and  M.  Lettsom.  See 
Blake,  John.  Dr.  Dimsdale  was  created  B,aron  of  the 
Empire  by  the  Empress  of  Russia  for  his  success  in  ino- 
culating her  Majesty  and  the  Grand  Duke.  See  Gent. 
Mag..  Ixxi.,  Ixxxviii!,  209,  669. 

Dine,  Wm.     Poems  on  several  occasions,  1771,  Svo. 
Diuely,  Sir  John.    Methods  to  get  Husbands.    Mea- 
sure in  Words  and  Syllables,  1793,  Svo, 


ed.  of  two  Essays  pub.  1708,  '10,  Svo.  Genealogy  of  the 
House  of  Brunswick-Lunenburg,  1714.  Flora,  and  the 
Tnans.  of  Mr.  Gardiner,  3d  ed.,  1728,  Svo.     Serms.,  ic., 

1711-27. 

Disney,  John,  D.D.,  1746-1S16,  Chaplain  to  Bishop 
Law,  and  Vicar  of  Swinderley,  subsequently  joined  the 
Unitarians.  He  pub.  many  serins.,  theolog.  treatises,  Ac., 
1781-1812.  Memoirs  of  Dr.  Sykes.  1785,  Svo;  of  Dr.  Jor- 
tin,  1792,  Svo;  of  T.  H.  Ilollis.  1780,  2  vols.,  4to;  now 
ed.,  180S,  4to.     Serms.,  179.3-1816,  4  vols.  Svo. 

"  The  style  is  generally  clear,  perspicuous,  and  well  suited  to 
common  capiicities."— Britisft  Critic. 

Disney,  John.  Laws  of  Gaming,  Horse  Racing,  Ac, 
Lon.,  1806,  '09,  Svo.  Abridgt.  of  Election  Law,  1812,  Svo. 
Acts  of  Parliament  rel.  to  Co.  and  Bor.  Elections,  1820, 
Svo.  6  Letters  to  Sir  S.  Romilly.  resp.  the  Penal  Laws, 
1810,  Svo.     Dodson's  Life  of  Sir  M.  Foster,  1S12,  Svo. 

Disney,  John.  Museum  Disneianum ;  3  ptirts,  r.  4to, 
Lon.,  1848-49.  127  Illustrations,  engraved  by  George  Mea- 
som,  £4  lis.  6d.  This  fine  collection  is  now  in  the  Fitz- 
william  Museum,  Cambridge,  England;  it  has  been  long 
known  and  prized  by  the  Archajologist,  and  won  the  en- 
comiums of  Flaxman,  Westmacott,  Sir  H.  Ellis,  Ac. 

'•  They  are  illustrat<?d  in  a  manner  which  every  one  must  allow 
gives  ample  evidence  of  the  learning  and  elegance  of  mind  of  their 
.accomplished  author." — Lon.  Chtssical  Museum,  April,  1849. 

"  'The  antii[uarian  and  the  lover  of  the  curiosities  of  by-gone 
ages  will  find  in  this  book  much  to  .amuse  and  instruct  him." — 
Lon.  Art  Journal.  S'pt.  1S48. 
Disney,  Samuel.     Discourses,  Lon.,  1788,  Svo. 
Disney,  W.,  D.D.     Serm.,  Ac.,  1790,  1800. 
Disraeli,  Rt.  Hon.  Benjamin,  b.  in  London,  1S05, 
is  a  son  of  Isaac  Disraeli,  author  of  the  Curiosities  of  Lite- 
rature, Ac,  (e.pHst.)     When  18  years  of  age  he  visited 
Germany,  and  on  his  return  pub.  Vivian  Grey,  1826, 2  vols. ; 
1827,  continued,  3  vols. 

"  The  history  of  an  ambitious  young  man  of  rank,  who,  by  dint 
of  talent,  personal  atlvant.ages.  and  audacity,  becomes  the  dictator 
of  certain  circles  in  high  life,  some  of  the  recent  occurrences  and 
actors  in  which  he  has  taken  the  liberty  to  describe  with  great 


Dingley,  Robert,  1619-1659.  a  Puritan  divine,  Roc- '  freedom.  Decidedly  the  cleverest  production  of  the  class  to  which 
torof  Brixton  Spiritual  Taste  described.  Lon- 1^9  Svo.  ,  ^V'i>^"g•:;7,t^1'^/:friTJteHn  bisart:  and  we  may  venture 
Deputation  of  Angels,  Ibol,  Svo.     Divine   Optics,  1655,  ;  ^^  ,  ^^  j^^^^,.^  j,^  ^,5  produced,  as  at  once  a  prognostic  and 

Svo.     Thunder.  1668,  12mo.  i  aooomplishment  of  original  invention,— that  rare  faculty  in  the 

Dingley,  Robert.     Gems  and  Precious  Stones,  par-    gt-nius  of  this  age." 

604 


DIS 


DIS 


"  These  Tolumos  abound  with  passa;zes  not  surpassed  for  their 
beauty  io  our  literature.  Delicacy  and  sweetness  are  mingled  with 
impressive  eloquence  and  enertretic  truth.  The  maRlc  of  the  style 
simply  consists  in  the  emotions  of  the  wiiter.  He  is  a  thinker  who 
inaUeB  others  think  ;  and  these  volumes  will  be  reperused  at  inter- 
vals with  the  delijiht  of  novelty." 

"We  must  allow  that  the  author  has  copied  with  considerable 
f:delity  the  tone  of  drawing-room  life,  and  transmitted  to  us  with 
great  truth,  by  means  of  a  few  felicitous  stroke.s,  a  number  of  por- 
traits, which  will  easily  be  recognised  as  resemblances  of  living 
ori-^inals." — Lon.  Mmithly  Bet-ieiv,  July,  TS26. 

In  1826  Mr.  Disraeli  visited  Italy  and  Greece.  In  1831 
ho  was  a  candidate — un  the  Radical  side — fur  the  borough 
of  Wycombe,  and  he  lust  the  election  in  two  contests.  He 
was  a  candidate  in  18.35  as  a  Conservative  for  the  borough 
of  Taunton,  and  fared  no  better  than  before;  but  in  1S37 
he  was  returned  to  Parliament  as  a  Tory  for  the  borough  of 
Maidstone.  In  1841  he  was  returned  for  Shrewsbury;  in 
18-13  he  supported  Peel,  but  in  the  three  following  sessions 
was  his  bitter  opponent  and  an  advocate  of  Protection. 

Upon  the  formation  of  Lord  Derby's  ministry  in  1852, 
Disraeli  became  Chancellor  of  the  Excheiiuer.  and  held 
that  positi<m  for  nine  months.  Since  his  retirement  he 
has  distinguished  himself  by  parliamentary  opposition  to 
Whigs  and  Peelites. 

Familiar  with  those  scenes  of  life  in  which  readers  are 
the  most  interested,  possessing  a  highly  imaginative  cast 
of  mind  and  descriptive  powers  of  no  common  order,  it  is 
no  marvel  that  the  author  of  Vivian  Grey  should  be  one 
of  the  most  popular  writers  of  his  time. 

We  enumerate  Mr.  Disraeli's  other  productions.  2. 
Voyage  of  Capt.  Popanilla,  1S2S.  3.  The  Young  Duke, 
1831.  4.  England  and  France.  5.  Contarini  Fleming, 
1833.  6.  Alruy,  the  Wondrous  Tale,  and  The  Rise  of 
Iskander.  1833.  7.  The  Revolutionary  Epic;  a  Poem,  18.34, 
4to.  8.  The  Crisis  Examined,  1834.  "  9.  Vindication  of  the 
English  Constitution,  1834.  10.  Letters  of  Runnymede, 
1836.  11.  Henrietta  Temple,  1836;  last  ed.,  1857.  12. 
Venetia,  1837.  13.  Alcaros  ;  a  Tragedy,  1839.  14.  Con- 
ingsby ;  or,  The  New  Generation,  1S44. 

*'  In  whatever  point  of  view  we  examine  this  work,  it  commands 
unmixed  admiration.  It  is  admirable  as  a  novel  of  real  life,  as  a 
picture  of  English  society,  as  an  exposition  of  political  parties  and 
principles,  as  a  gallery  of  living  portraits.  The  recommendation 
of  such  a  novel  to  our  readers  would  be  a  work  of  supererogation. 
Everybody  will  read  it."' — Court  Journal. 

15.  Sibyl;  or,  The  New  Nation.  1845. 

"Few  will  read  the  volumes  for  either  the  story  or  the  plot." — 
BrU.  Quar.  Rtiv.,  ii.  172. 

16.  Ixion  in  Heaven.  17.  Tancred;  or,  The  New  Cru- 
sade, 1847. 

"It  is  full  of  charming  effects  of  style  and  fine  delineations, 
when  living  characters  are  no  longer  the  subjects.  The  descrip- 
tions of  Oriental  life  are  only  to  be  compared  with  those  of  Anas- 
tasius  or  £othen." — Edin.  Heview,  Ixxxvi.  153. 

"  For  our  own  part,  we  cannot  se^uy  use  that  is  to  be  answered 
by  such  books  as  Tancred.  It  is  as  dumb  as  the  poor  chokt-d 
hunchback  in  the  Arabian  Nights,  when  we  ask  what  its  business 
is.  There  are  no  characters  in  it.  There  is  no  dramatic  interest, 
none  of  plot  or  incident.  .  .  .  Moralists  tell  us,  that  every  man  is 
bound  to  sustain  bis  share  in  the  wei;rht  of  the  world's  sorrows 
and  trials,  and  we  honestly  feel  as  if  we  had  done  our  part  by  read- 
ing Tancred." — J.  It.  Lowell,  in  Xorfh  Ain^-r.  Jfctvetv.  Ixv.  223. 

18.  Lord  George  Bentinck.  a  Polit.  Biog.,  5th  ed.,  1852. 

"In  this  most  interesting  volume  Mr.  I'i^raeli  has  not  only  added 
to  his  reputation,  but  we  v<_-iily  bcti<-v.- iiuist  increase  his  inHuence 
even  as  a  politiiian." — Dubl.  Unh:  Ma<jnzine. 

"This  ^liof^raphy  caimot  fail  to  attract  the  deep  attention  of  the 
public.  We  are  bound  to  say,  that  as  a  political  biocraphy,  we 
have  rarely,  if  ever,  met  with  a  book  more  dextrously  handled,  or 
more  replete  with  interest." — BlackwoijdC s  Magazine.' 

An  ed.  of  his  works  was  pub.  in  1853 ;  and  the  last  cd., 
in  10  vols.  p.  8vo, — comprising  Nus.  1,  3,  5,  6,  11,  12,  14, 
15,  16,  17,  suprUf — appeared  in  1857. 

We  are  also  indebted  to  Mr.  Disraeli  for  a  new  ed.  of  Mr. 
Isaac  Disraeli's  valuable  Commentaries  on  the  Life  and 
Reign  of  King  Charles  L,  1851,  2  vols.  8vo ;  and  he  is 
now  (1858)  engaged  iu  editing  a  new  uniform  ed.  of  his 
father's  Works,  with  a  Memoir  and  Notes. 

"The  years  between  Vivian  Grey  and  Tancred  have  not  been 
spent  idly  by  Mr.  Disraeli.  He  has  written  many  works  of  fiction, 
all,  we  believe,  successful,  and  some  of  them  among  the  best  of 
their  time :  some  verse,  in  which  he  has  rat  her  tried  than  exercised 
his  powers;  and  political  essays,  anonymous,  but  acknowledv'ed. 
in  which  the  thinj;  to  be  said  was  evidently  much  less  valued  than 
the  manner  of  saying  it.  The  Adventures  of  Captain  popanilla 
deserve  to  bo  remembered  as  an  admirable  adaptation  of  Gulliver 
to  later  circumstances;  and  the  Wondrous  Taleof  Alroy  is  a  most 
imaf^inative  atf^empt  to  naturalize  iu  our  language  that  rhymed 
and  assonant  prose  which  has  so  great  a  charm  for  Eastern  ears, 
but  which  with  us  will  scarcely  win  nmre  admirers  th:in  have 
been  gained  by  the  attempts  at  English  hexameters." — luiin.  He- 
view,  Ixxxvi-  139. 

See  a  Critical  Biog.  of  Mr.  Disraeli  by  G.  H.  Francis, 
Lon.,  1852,  12mo. 
Disraeli,  Isaac,  1766-1848,  father  of  the  preceding, 


and  son  of  a  Venetian  merchant  of  Jewish  extraction,  was 
a  native  of  Enfield,  near  London.  He  was  educated  at 
Amsterdam  and  Leyden,  and  travelled  for  some  time  in 
various  parts  of  the  Continent.  Inheriting  a  handsome 
fortune,  which  gave  him  the  command  of  his  time,  and 
possessing  a  strong  attachment  to  literary  investigations, 
we  need  not  be  surprised  that  this  gentleman  contributed 
so  much  valuable  matter  to  the  literature  of  his  age.  Two 
interesting  letters  of  the  young  aspirant  for  literary  honours 
and  usefulness  will  be  found  iu  the  Gent.  Mag. :  they  are 
addressed  to  the  Rev.  Dr.  Vicesimus  Knox,  and  bear  the 
date  of  1786.  In  December  of  the  same  year  he  pub.  in 
the  Gent.  Mag.,  Remarks  on  the  Biographical  Accounts  of 
the  late  Samuel  Johnson,  LL.D.,  with  an  attempt  to  vin- 
dicate his  character  from  late  misrepresentations,  signed 
I.  D.  I. 

The  youthful  .author  made  some  attempts  at  poetry,  but 
soon  satisfied  himself  that  he  was  not  to  look  for  distinc- 
tion in  this  sphere.  In  1790  he  pub.  A  Defence  of  Poetry, 
with  a  Specimen  of  a  New  Version  of  Telemachus,  4to,  and 
in  1803  a  volume  of  Narrative  Poems,  4to.  Some  of  his 
poetical  efl'usions  will  be  found  in  the  Gent.  Mag.,  Ixxi. 
446,  and  in  the  vol.  entitled  The  Claims  of  Literature. 

Curiosities  of  Literature,  vol.  i.,  1791;  vol.  ii.,  1793;  2d 
ed.,  1794.  8vo:  subsequently  eidarged  to  3  vols.,  (3d  vol., 
1817:)  2d  serie.«,  1823.  The  later  impressions  were  en- 
larged and  imjiroved ;  the  i2th  cd.  was  pub.  in  1841,  and 
the  14th  in  1850.  A  Dissertation  on  Anecdotes,  1793,  8vo. 
Essay  on  the  Manners  and  Genius  of  the  Literary  Cha- 
racter, 1795,  8vo.  Miscellanies  ;  or  Literary  Recreations, 
1796,  8vo.  Vaurien.  a  Satirical  Novel,  1797;  anon.  Ro- 
mances, 1799, 8vo.  Flim  Flams ;  or  the  Life  of  My  Uncle, 
&c.,  1805.  3  vols.  12mo.  Calamities  of  Authors,  1812, '13, 
2  vols.  Svo.  Quarrels  of  Authors,  1814,  3  vols.  Svo.  In- 
quiry  into  the  Literary  and  Political  Character  of  King 
James  the  First,  1816.  Svo.  Commentaries  on  the  Life 
and  Reign  of  King  Charles  L,  1828-31,  5  vols.  Svo;  and 
a  sequel.  Eliot,  Hampden,  and  Pym,  1832.  The  Genius 
of  Judaism,  1833,  p.  Svo.  Amenities  of  Literature,  1841, 
Svo.  This  work  was  intended  as  part  of  an  extensive  sur- 
vey of  English  Literature,  hut  partial  blindness,  induced 
by  long-continued  application,  prevented  the  completion 
of  this  praiseworthy  design. 

But  Mr.  Di.'^raeli  did  enough  to  entitle  him  to  the  lasting 
gratitude  of  posterity.  No  lover  of  letters,  old  or  young, 
should  be  without  the  following  volumes: 

Curiosities  of  Literature,  new  ed.,  with  Life,  Lnn.,  1851, 
r.  Svo.  An  edit,  in  3  vols.  Svo,  with  Life  of  the  Author 
by  his  son,  {see  Disraeli,  Rt.  Hon.  Benjamin;)  new  ed., 
with  Life  by  his  son,  Bost.,  185S,  4  vols.  Svo.  Mi.^cellanies 
of  Literature;  consisting  of:  1.  Literary  Miscellanies;  2. 
Calamities  of  Authors  ;  3.  Quarrels  of  Authors ;  4.  Charac- 
ter of  James  I. ;  5.  The  Literary  Character,  1840.  r.  8yo. 
Amenities  of  Literature ;  2d  ed..  1842,  3  vols.  Svo.  The  Life 
and  Reign  of  Charles  I. ;  a  new  ed.,  revised  by  B.  Disraeli, 
Esq.,  1851,  2  vols.  Svo.  Our  author  pub.  many  articles  in 
the  Gent.  Mag.,  and  was  a  contrib.  tn  Nichols's  Lit.  Anec. 

In  1837  Mr.  Bolton  Corney  pub.  a  vol.  entitled  Curiosities 
of  Literature  Illlustrated,  in  which  grave  charges  are  ad- 
duced against  Mr.  Disraeli's  literary  character.  AVe  have 
already  referred  to  this  vol., {see  CoRNEV.  Bolton,)  and  shall 
not  here  enter  into  any  examination  of  the  justice  of  these 
imputations. 

We  conclude  with  the  quotation  of  some  opinions  upon 
Mr.  Disraeli's  literary  merits. 

Calamities  of  Authors. 

*'The  middle  of  the  hook  is  much  better  than  the  two  ends:  it 
is  one  of  those  works  which  are  designed  for  the  breakfiist-tal'le 
and  the  sofa,  and  is  so  well  adapted  for  Its  purpose,  that  he  who 
takes  it  up  will  not  readily  lay  it  down.  The  matter  is  as  amus- 
ing as  any  lover  of  light  reading  can  desire,  and  of  such  a  desul- 
tory kind  that  a  comment  might  easily  be  made  as  extensive  as  the 
text." — Robert  Southey,  in  Lim.  Qiuxr.  Rerieiv.  viii.  93,  1812. 

"That  it  will  tend  to  meliorati-llu-  inmiition  of  authors,  or  detei 
a  single  young  m:iu,  of  scribbling  pruji.'nsiti.'S.  from  rushing  into  a 
profession  so  unprofitable,  is  ratb-T  tv  ^•e■  huped  than  expected." — 
British  Critic,  slvi.  12. 

Commentaries  on  the  Life  and  Reign  of  Charles  the 
First,  vols.  iii.  and  iv.,  1830. 

"Mr.  Disraeli  seems  not  to  have  considered  how  much  easier  it 
is  to  accumulate  great  masses  of  materials  than  to  impart  to  them 
a  harmonious  form.  Almost  any  artist  in  marble  can  imitate  the 
face;  but  to  give  it  the  divine  art  of  life  belongs  only  to  a  Canova 
or  a  Chantrey. 

"  We  do  not  know  how  we  can  better  convey  to  the  reader  our 
opinion  of  these  volumes  than  by  comparing  them  to  the  frag- 
ments of  a  broken  mirror,  reflecting  an  infinity  of  small  objects. 
We  perceive  no  master  hand  selecting  the  more  precious  materials, 
and  disposing  them  .according  to  a  felicitous  design." — Lon.  Monthly 
Rex'ipw.  c.\xiii.  195,  1S30. 

"By  far  the  most  important  work  upon  the  important  ^e  of 


DIS 


DIX 


Charlesl.  that  modern  times  have  produced.  .  ,  .  The  well-known  ' 
spirit  of  research  of  the  author,  and  his  acquaintance  with  the 
sources  of  secret  history,  have  produced  a  work  which  we  hesitate 
not  to  call  iJidispcnsable  for  all  desirous  of  formiug  an  accurate 
judgment  of  the  period  of  history  it  embraces."— Zoh.  Quor.  Bev.  . 
"The  presentisanotherdeli.'btfulbookadded  to  thefnrmer  pro   , 
ductions  of  this  esteemed  writer,  full  not  merely  of  his  usual  plea-  , 
sant  gossip  of  the  oldun  time,  but  of  curious  personal  politii-al  his- 
tory.    It  is  calculated  to  throw  an  impartial  li;;ht  upun  the  leading  ' 
events  in  the  reij::n  of  the  lirst  Charles — a  rt-i^'n  more  resembling 
a  romantic  tale,  or  a  trairic  drama,  than  almost  any  period  which  ' 
could  be  selected  out  of  the  history  of  any  nation." — Lon.  Liturary  j 
Gazette.  \ 

New  Series  of  the  Curiosities  of  Literature.  1S23,  3  vols.  ' 
"  We  fear  not  to  say.  that  no  .man  who  has  perused  these  volumes 
attentively,  atn  tail  to  be  a  great,  a  very  great  deal  more  kjiov.'ing 
than  he  was  when  he  be'j;an ;  and  that  the  fault  must  be  entirely 
his  own.  if  he  be  not  also  a  great  deal  wiser." — £UicKwo<xi's  Maga- 
ziitr,  xiii.  ItiS,  1S2I3, 

•'  The  numerous  editions  which  have  been  printed  of  the  Curiosi- 
ties of  Literature,  amply  attest  the  value  of  this  instructive  and 
amusing  work  on  literary  history  and  criticism." — T.  H.  IIorne: 
Introduc.  tn  Biblwf/rap?iy,  412. 

"Mr.  Disnieli,  from  whose  works  the  hestrinformed  reader  may 
learn  murh." — Kodert  Southet. 

"  His  works  must  live  in  honour,  and  in  freshness,  as  long  as 
our  history  and  literature  survive,  and  no  man  will  turn  over  their 
pages  three  hundred  years  hence,  without  sayiug  to  himself. — 
'This  was  a  man  of  indefatigable  zeal,  of  elegant  feelings,  and, 
above  all,  of  lofty  purity  of  character.'" — Blackwood's  Magazine, 
xiii.  163.  1S23. 

"Mr.  Disraeli  is  and  deserves  to  be  a  popular  writer:  bis  senti- 
ments are  liberal;  his  topics  are  various;  his  illustrations  display 
command  of  reading:  and  his  style  is  lively  and  poignant.  Few 
writers  instruct  so  amusingly  and  amuse  so  instructively." — Lon. 
Monthly  licvietv. 

"  He  is  one  of  the  most  learned,  intelligent,  lively,  and  agreeable 
authors  of  our  era;  he  h.as  composed  a  series  of  works,  which, 
while  they  shed  abundance  of  light  on  the  character  and  condition  j 
of  literary  men.  and  show  us  the  state  of  genius  in  this  land,  have 
all  the  attractions  for  general  readers  of  the  best  romances.  .  .  . 
I  see  it  intimated  that  Disraeli  has  the  llistory  of  British  Litera- 
ture in  contemplation ;  he  cannot  do  a  more  acceptable  service  to 
the  republic  of  letters,  than  write  it." — Allan  Cunningham  :  Biog. 
a7id  Orit.  Hist  of  the  Lit.  of  the.  hist  Fifty  Years,  1853. 

The  distinguished  author  whose  testimony  shall  con- 
clude our  article  profiteil  greatly  by  the  works  whose  merit 
he  thus  handsomely  aekunwled-^es  : 

"  That  most  entertaining  and  seiu-cbing  writer,  Disraeli,  whose 
works  iu  general  I  have  read  oftener  than  perhaps  those  of  any 
other  English  writer  whatever." — Lord  Byron. 

New  eds.  of  the  Curiosities  of  Literature,  Calamities  of 
Aut-hors,  Quarrels  of  Authors,  and  Miscellauies,  all  revised, 
with  Additional  Notes,  by  the  Rt.  Hon.  the  Chancellor  of 
the  Exchequer,  (Sir  (ieorge  Cornewall  Lewis,)  are  an- 
nounced (1S5S)  for  immediate  publication. 

Distiirnell,  Josiah.  Serm..  Lon.,  1791,  4to. 
Ditton,  Humphrey,  1675-1715,  a  mathematician  of 
considerable  eminence,  a  native  of  Salisbury,  was  elected 
Mathematical  Master  of  Christ's  Hospital  principally  by 
the  influence  of  Sir  Isaac  Newton.  Laws  of  Nature  and 
Motion,  Lon.,  1705,  8vo.  Fluxions,  1706,  8vo.  Synopsis 
Algebraicum  of  Helvetius,  with  addits.,  Ac.,  1709.  Per- 
spective, 1712,  Svo. 

"This  gave  the  iirst  hints  of  the  new  method  afterwards  en- 
larged upon  and  improved  by  Dr.  Brook  Taylor;  and  which  was 
pul^lished  in  1715." 

Other  raathem.^t.  works,  and  the  following  theolog.  trea- 
tise, which  has  been  highly  commended  and  trans,  into 
several  languages:  A  Discour.«e  concerning  the  Resurrec- 
tion of  Jesus  Christ,  in  three  parts,  with  an  Appendix, 
1712,  Svo;  5th  ed..  1740.  Svn. 

"  In  this  discourse  the  most  solid  reasoning  on  the  subject  of  the 
resurrection  will  be  found." — Bishop  Watson. 

"  The  two  treatises  of  Humphrey  Ditton  and  Gilbert  West  deserve 
particular  attention." — Dr.  Kij>pis's  Note  in  D"d<h'i'lge^s  Lfctwes. 
"  He  states  the  nature  of  moral  evidence,  and  alleges,  with  much 
force,  the  proofs  of  the  fact  of  the  Saviour's  resurrection." — Oi'm£s 
Bibl.  Bib-  See  Biog.  Brit.;  Whiston's  Memoirs;  Gospel  Mag.,  1777. 
DiXf  Dorothea  L.,  a  zealous  philanthropist,  a  native 
of  Massachusetts,  who  has  done  much  to  ameliorate  the 
condition  of  the  prisoner  and  the  lunatic,  has  pub.  several 
works  anonymously,  among  which  are  The  Garland  of 
Flora:  Conversations  about  Common  Things;  Alice  and 
Ruth;  Private  Hours ;  tracts  for  prisoners,  Ac. 

Uix,  Henry.  Art  of  Bracbygrajihy,  Lou.,  1641,  Svo ; 
and  an  edit.,  1633.  This  system  of  short-hand  resembles 
Willis's. 

Dix,  John*  Lays  of  Home,  Lon.  Local  Legends, 
1839,  t'p.  Svo.  Progress  of  Intemperance,  1839,  ob.  fol. 
Life  of  Thomas  Chatterton,  1837.  fp.  Svo ;  1851.  We  have 
noticed  this  vol.  under  Chatterton,  Thom.\s. 

Dix,  John  A.  Resources  of  the  City  of  N.  York,  N. 
York,  1S27,  Svo,  Decisions  of  the  Supt.  of  Com.  Schools, 
N.  York,  and  Laws  relating  to  0.  Schools,  Albany,  1S37, 
8vo.  A  Winter  in  Madeim.  and  a  Summer  in  Spain  and 
Florence,  N.  York,  1861,  12mo;  1S55. 
&06 


.Dix,  John  H.,  M.D.,  of  Boston.  Mass.  Strabismus, 
Pbila..  1S41.  Morbid  sensibility  of  the  Retina,  Boston, 
1849,  12mo.  Changes  of  the  Blood  in  Disease  j  trans, 
from  the  French  of  M.  Gibert,  Phiia.,  Svo. 

•'The  treatise  of  51.  Gibert  is  elaborate,  and  exhibits  a  very  good 
view  of  the  relation  of  the  blood  to  the  morbid  conditions  of  the 
system." — Wnsta-n  Lancet. 

Dix,  Thomas.  Land  Surveying,  Lon.,  1799,  Svo. 
Maps,  1805,  Svo.     Juvenile  Atlas,  1811,  4to. 

Dix,  Win.  S.  Grain  Machine,  1797,  4to.  See  Do- 
naldson's Agricult.  Biog.,  82. 

Dixon,  Kev.  Kdmund  Saul.  Dovecote,  ^c,  Lon.> 
1851,  '53-54,  ]2mu.  Ornamental  and  Domestic  Poultry, 
1S4S.  '5S,  ]2mo. 
Dixon,  Fletcher.  Serm.,  <fcc.,  1792,  '93. 
Dixon,  Frederick.  Geology  and  Fossils  of  the  Ter-- 
tjary  and  Cretaceous  Formations  of  Sussex ;  edited  by  ProL 
Owen,  assisted  by  Professors  Forbes,  Bell,  Mr.  Lonsdalcj 
Ac.,  Lon.,  1850,  r.  4to.  This  valuable  work  contains  mucU 
general  information  respecting  the  geology  of  England. 

Dixon,  Capt.  George.     Voyage  round  the  World^ 
but  more  particularly  to  the  N.  W.  Coast  of  America,  1785— 
88,  Lon.,  1789,  4to.     Voyage  of  Meares,  1790,  4to;  further, 
do.,  1791,  4to.     Navigator's  Assistant,  1791,  12uio. 
Dixon,  IIenr>'.     Mora;  Essays,  a.  I.  et  a. 
Dixon,  John.     Letters  on  Fisheries,  1802,  4to. 
Dixon,  Joseph,  M  D,     Con.  to  Med.  Com.,  1785. 
Dixon,  Joseph,  D.D.,  R.C.  Archbishop  of  Armagh. 
A  General  Introduc.  to  the  Sacred  Scriptures  j  repub.,  Bal- 
timore, 1853,  2  vols.  Svo. 

'■  Dr.  Dixon  has  given  us  the  first  Catholic  Introduction  to  Scnp- 
ture  which  has  appeared  in  our  language,  and  has  pertbrmed  his 
task  in  a  manner  that  reflects  high  credit  on  the  office  which  he 
holds,  and  the  place  in  which  he  occupies  it,"' — Dublin  Jievietv. 

Dixou,  Joshua,  M.D.  The  Literary  Life  of  Wm. 
Brownrigg,  M.D..  ISUl,  Svo. 

Dixon,  Joshua.     Church  Catechism  Illustrated,   6th 
ed.,  Lon.,  1S41,  18mo.     It  contains  4000  Scripture  refer- 
ences, and  is  an  invaluable  assistant  to  the  Suuday-sehool 
teacher.     Rcimb.  in  Boston.     Revised  and  adapted  to  the 
Liturgy  of  the  Church  in  America  by  Rev.  George  A.  Smith. 
Dixon,  R.     Law  relative  to  Title  Deeds  and  other  Docu- 
ments, Lon.,  1S26,  2  vols.  Svo.     New  Code  relating  to  Real 
Property,  1827,  Svo. 
Dixon,  Richard.     Serm.,  1812,  4to. 
Dixon^  Robert,  D.D.     Consnnguinity  and  Affinity, 
Lon.,  H374.  Svo.     Nature  of  the  two  Testaments,  1676,  fol. 
Dixon,  Robert.  Canidia,  or  the  Witches,  a  (Poetical) 
Rhapsody  in  five  parts,  Lon.,  1682,  "83,  4to. 
Dixon,  Robert.     Norfolk  Scenery,  ISlO,  '11,  4to. 
Dixon,  Roger.     Consultum  Sanitatus;  a  Directory 
to  Health,  Lon.,  1663,  12mo.    Advice  to  the  Poor,  1665,  4to. 
Dixon,  Thomas.     See  Dicksox. 
Dixon,  William.     Vegetable  Balls  Found  in  a  Lake 
in  Yorkshire  ;  Phil.  Trans.,  1751. 

Dixon,  William.  Distillation  from  Corn,  1811,  Svo, 
Dixon,  Wm.  Hepworth,  of  the  Inner  Temple,  b. 
1821,  in  the  West  Riding  of  Yorkshire,  settled  in  London 
in  1846,  and  soon  became  known  by  his  writings  in  pe- 
riodical works.  Appointed  editor  of  the  Atbenieum  in 
1853.  John  Howard  and  the  Prison-World  of  Europe, 
Lon.,  1850,  12mo;  3d  ed.,  1850,  12mo ;  5th  ed.,  1854,  fp. 

"A  Life  of  Howard  was  certainly  wanted,  and  our  author  nas 
proved  himself  competent  to  execute  the  task." — Lo7i.  AUiena-um. 
"Adventures  more  extraordinary  it  is  impossilile  to  conceive; 
and  they  are  recounted  by  Mr.  Dixon  with  a  succinctness,  simpli- 
city, and  animation,  that'leave  nothing  to  be  desired.    The  book 
is  more  interestin;;  than  any  romance." — Lou.  D.  Ktics. 
The  London  Prisons,  Ac.,  1850,  fp.  Svo. 
"These  volumes  relate  to  kindred  subjects;  and  are  written  by 
one  who  is  iu  every  way  calculated  to  do  justice  to  his  theme.    We 
only  express  our  calm  .and  settled  conviction,  when  we  state  it  as 
our  opinion,  that  no  works  of  equal  interest,  on  the  same  subject, 
have  .-^een  the  light  in  our  day."~X"W.  Evangelical  Mugazme. 

William  Penn,  a  Historical  Biog.,  with  an  extra  chapter 
on  the  "Macaulay  Charges,"  1851,  p.  Svo;  3d  ed.,  1856. 

"  His  style  is  [;ood  and  easy.  There  is  life  in  his  narrative  and 
vigour  in  his  descriptions." — Edin.  Hrview. 

"As  a  biography  the  work  has  claims  of  no  common  order. 
■Within  the  compass  of  a  single  volume  Mr.  Dixon  has  compressed 
a  great  variety  of  facts,  many  original,  and  all  skilfully  arranged 
so  as  to  produce  an  authentic  moral  portrait  of  his  hero.  The  lite- 
rary merits  of  the  volume  include  great  research,  and  a  narrative 
at  once  consecutive  and  vivid." — Lon.  Athen.,  1851,  S46,  and  1856. 

Robert  Blake,  Admiral  and  General  at  Sea:  based  on 
Family  and  State  Pai)er9,  1852,  12mo ;  2d  ed,,  1858. 

"The  subject  is  noble;  and  Mr.  Dixon  lias  treated  it  with  rare 
vigour,  spirit,  and  conscientiousness." — Lon.  Leader. 

The  French  in  England :  Both  Sides  of  the  Question  on 
Both  Sides  of  the  Channel,  1852. 

"The  author  wields  a  skilful  pen,  and  tells  his  story  with  true 
historical  fervour."— Xon.  Ocnt.  Mag. 


BOA 

Doanc,  Aiipiistiis  Sidney,  M.D..  1S0S-1S52,  a  na- 
tive of  Boston,  Mdss.,  removed  to  New  York  in  1830,  where 
he  resided  until  his  death.  An  edit,  of  Good's  Study  of 
Medicine.  Trans,  of  Maygrier  on  Midmfory,  Dupuytren's 
Surgery,  Lugol's  Scrofulous  Disease?,  Bayle's  Descriptive 
Anatomy,  Blaudin*s  Topographical  Anatomy,  Meckel's 
Anatomy,  Scoutctten  on  Cholera,  Ricord  on  Syphilis, 
Chaussier  on  the  Arteries,  &c.  Contributions  to  Surgery 
Illustrated,  and  to  sundry  medical  journals.  See  a  bio- 
graphical notice  of  tins  learned  physician  in  The  Interna- 
tional Mag.,  V.  427,  N.  York,  1S62. 

Doanc,  George  Washington,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  b.  in 
Trenton,  Now  Jersey,  1799,  graduated  at  Union  College, 
Schenectady,  at  lU;  ordained  Deacon  by  Bishop  Ilobart, 
1821;  Priest,  1823;  Rector  of  Trinity  Church,  New  Y<-rk, 
for  three  years.  In  1824  he  was  appointed  Professor  uf 
Belles  Lettres  and  Oratory  in  Washingtf)n  College,  Con- 
necticut. In  1S28  he  resigned  that  office,  and  soon  after 
assumed  the  charge  of  Trinity  Church,  Boston.  In  1832 
he  was  consecrated  Bishop  of  the  Diocese  of  New  Jersey. 
He  pub.  a  collection  of  poetical  pieces  in  1824,  entitled 
Songs  by  the  Way,  and  he  has  from  time  to  time  given  to 
the  world  a  number  of  theological  treatises,  discourses,  Ac. 
A  collection  of  his  Sermons  and  Charges  was  pub.  in  Lon- 
don in  1842,  8vo. 

Some  of  Bishop  Doane's  poems  have  been  greatly  ad- 
mired. 

Dobbin, Orlando  T.,LL.D.,  Trinity  College,  Dublin. 
Tentamen  Auti-Straussiauum  :  The  Antiquity  of  the  Gos- 
pels asserted  on  Philolugic.il  Orouiuls  in  Refutation  of  the 
Mythic  Scheme  of  Dr.  David  Frederick  Strauss:  an  Argu- 
ment, Lon.,  1845,  8vo. 

•■  A  work  in  no  lommon  deffree  acute,  learned,  eloquent,  and — 
what  is  rarer  still  in  a  region  so  often  traversed — original." — 
Church  of  Ireland  Mag. 

'*  It  leaves  Dr.  Strauss  without  a  loophole  whereby  to  escape,  and 
establishes  most  unanswerably  the  antiquity  of  the  Gospels.'' — 
Cfiurch  and  .Sfafe  Guzdtc. 

"  Complete,  conclusive,  and  unansweralile." — Christ.  Examiv'ir. 

The  Sabbath  of  Heaven,  Lon.,  1849.  8vo. 

Dobbs,  Arthur,  d.  1765,  Governor  of  N.  Carolina, 
1753.    Trade  and  Improvement  of  Ireland,  Dubl.,1729,8vo. 

'•This  essay  contains  some  iuterestinj^  statements  respecting  the 
trade  and  population  of  Ireland,  and  its  state  at  the  period  to 
wbifh  it  refers.'" — McCuUoch's  Lit.  nf  PuUt.  E<:'m. 

Captain  Middleton's  Defence,  1744,  8vo.  Countries  ad- 
joining to  Hudson's  Bay.  1744,  Svo.  Several  tracts  were 
elicited  by  this  work.  Sec  Lowndes's  Bibl.  Man.,  and 
Eieh's  Bibl.  Anier.  Nova,  anno  1754. 

Dobbs,  Francis.  The  Patriot  King,  a  Trag.,  1774, 
8vo.  Universal  Hist.,  Lon.,  1787,  4  vols.  12mo;  Summary 
of  do.,  1SU9,  9  vols.  Svo.     Other  works. 

Dobbs,  Richard.     Serm.,  1762,  8vo. 

Dobel,  D.  Primitive  Christianity  propounded;  or  an 
Essay  to  revive  the  ancient  mode  or  manner  of  Preaching 
the  Gospel,  Lon.,  1755,  Bvo.  Mr.  Dobel  insists  that  rcail- 
ing  sermons  is  not  ■preaching.  See  Lon.  Monthly  Rev.,  xii. 
240,  1755. 

Dobell,  John.  Selec.  of  700  Hymns,  1812,  Bvo  j  later 
eds.     Baptism,  1807.     Humanity,  1812,  8vo. 

Dobell,  Peter.  Travels  in  China,  Siberia,  and  Kamts- 
chatka,  Lon.,  2  vols.  Svo. 

•'  Full  of  curious  facts,  of  new  and  interesting:  accounts  of  coun- 
tries known  to  us  very  imperfectly,  and  in  many  particulars  not 
known  at  all." — Lon.  Spectator. 

Dobie,  A,  English  styles  for  Scotch  Law  practice, 
Lon.,  1824,  8vo. 

Dobuey,  J.  T.  Devotion  for  Schools,  3d  ed.,  Lon., 
1846. 

Dobson's  Dry  Bobs,  1610,  4to.  A  copy  is  among  Ca- 
pell's  Shaksperiana  at  Trinity  CuUcge,  Cambridge. 

Dobson,  John.     1.  Dr.  Pierce.     2.  Serm.,  1663,  70. 

Dobson,  Joshua.     Serm.,  1747,  8vo. 

Dobson,  Matthew,  M.D.,  d.  1784.  Medical  Comment, 
on  Fixed  Air,  Lon.,  1779,  Svo ;  2d  ed.  by  W.  Falconer,  M.D., 
1785,  Svo.  Con.  to  Med.  Obs.  and  Inq.,  1778 ;  Phil.  Trans., 
1774-81. 

Dobson,  Robert,  M.D.     Profes.  treatises,  1770,  '75. 

Dobson,  Mrs.  Susannah,  wife  of  Matthew  Dobson, 
M.D.  Life  of  Petrarch,  from  the  French  of  the  Abb^  de 
Bade,  Lon.,  1775.  2  vols.  Svo  :  Diibl,  1777.  12mo;  Lon., 
1840,  Svo.  Literary  Hist,  of  the  Troubadours,  Lou.,  1779, 
Svo;  1307;  Ancient  Chivalry,  1784,  Svo;  both  from  the 
French  of  St.  Palaye.  Traus.  of  Petrarch's  View  of  Hu- 
man Life,  1791,  Svo.  A  Dialogue  on  Friendship  and 
Society. 

Dobson,  W,  S,  R.  Hooker's  Works,  Lon.,  1825,  2 
vols.  Svo. 

Dobson,  Wm.     Prussian  Campaignj  a  Poem,  1758. 


DOD 

Dobson,  M'm.     Kunoptodia;  a    Practical    Essay  on 
Breaking  or  Training    the    English    Spaniel   or   Pointer, 
1814.  Svo. 
Dobyns,  John.     Surgical  con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1728. 
Dochant,  (-eorge.     Catechism,  Lou.,  165;l,  12mo. 
Docharty,  G.  B.     Institutes  uf  Algebra,  New  York, 
1852,  12mo. 

■■  Professor  rocharty  presents  the  topics  of  Algebra  in  a  natural 
order,  and  with  threat  clearness  of  statement  tbmu'^hout.  \Vy  cuu 
cnmmend  this  bonk  to  the  careful  examination  of  teachers." — 
Methodist  Quarterly  Review. 

Institutes  of  Arithmetic,  1854,  12mo. 
Dockirray,  Thomas.     Serms.,  1743,  '54. 
Docultrce,  Amoo.     Game  of  Ruwlet.  Lon.,  1774. 
Docura,  Ann.     Apostate  Conscience,  Lon.,  1700. 
Dod,  Charles    Roger,    1793-1855,    originally   in- 
tended lor  tlio  bar.     For  thirty-seven  years  he  was  con- 
nected with  the  journals  of  London,  and  for  twenty-three 
3'ears  he  was  connected  with  the  Times  newspaper.     He 
superintended  the  reports  of  the   debates  in   Parliament, 
and  wrote  the  memoirs  of  the  most  distinguished  persons 
who  died  during  that  time,  for  the  same  jourual.     The 
Parliamentary    Companion,   1855 :    24th   year.     Peerage, 
Baronetage,  and  Knightage,  1855  :  15th  year. 

"The  best  publication  of  this  kiud  that  we  have  seen." — West- 
minster  Hev. 

Annual  Biography.     Electoral  Facts.  1832-52  ;  new  ed., 
1853.     Manual  uf  Dignities  and  Precedence,  1842,  '44. 
Dod,  II.     Psalms  and  Songs,  Lon.,  1620.  Svo. 
Dod,  John,  1547-1645,  Rector  of  Fawesley,  1624,  is 
generally  called  The  Decalogist,  from  his  Comment,  on  the 
'  Ten  Commandments.     Although  a  Puritan,  he  was  a  zeal- 
ous Royalist.     Expos,  of  the  Ten  Commandments  by  Dod 
and  Rubt.  Cleaver,  Lon..  1606,  4to;  1626;  8th  ed.,  1632. 
Serms.,  1614,  'IS,  '21.     Expos,  of  the  Book  of  Proverbs, 
by  Dod.  Robt.  Cleaver,  and  Wm.  Flinde,  1606,  4to;  1611. 
Expos,  of  the  Lord's  Prayer,  1635,  fol. 

"John  Dod  was  by  nature  a  witty,  by  industry  a  learned,  by 
grace  a  ^odlv,  divine."— i^«//t:rs  Worthies  of  Cheshire. 

"  He  was  in  learning  excelled  by  few ;  and  in  noaffetted  piety  by 
none.  He  was  particuiarly  emiuent  for  his  knowledge  of  the  He- 
brew language,  whi'-h  he  taught  the  famous  John  Gregory  of  Christ 
Church,  in  Oxford.*— Granger. 

Dod,  John,     Serm.,  Lon.,  1777,  Svo. 
Dod,  Uev.  Marcus.      On    the   Incarnation   of  the 
Eternal  Wnrd.     New  ed.,  with  a  Notice  by  the  late  Rev. 
Thomas  Cliiilniers.  D.D. 
Dod,  Pierce,  M.D.     Profess,  treatises,  1729^3. 
Dod,  Samuel,     Serm.,  Lon.,  1714,  4to. 
Dod,  Thonijus.     Serm.,  Oxou.,  1717,  Svo. 
Dodd,  A.  Charles.     The  Contrast;  strictures  on  Dr. 
Price's  Addit.  Observ.  on  Civil  Liberty,  Ac,  Lon.,  1777,  Svo. 
"  A  very  illiberal  and  indecent  performance." — Lon.  Monthly 
Herifw. 
;      Dodd,  C.  E.     Law  of  Elections,  Lon.,  1826,  Svo. 
Dodd,  Charles,  or  Richard  Tootle,  d.  about  1745, 
a  Roman  Catholic  priestand  historian,  residing  at  Harving- 
'  ton,  Wurcesturshiro,  was  the  author  of  The  Church  Hist. 
I  of  England,   1500-1688,  the   labour  of  thirty  years.     It 
bears  the  imprint  of  Brussels,  (1737,  '39,  '42,  3  vols,  fol.,) 
\  but  is  supposed  to  have  been  printed  at  Wolverhampton, 
j  Staffordshire.     This  work  was  furmerly  entirely  neglected, 
I  but  within  the  last  few  years  has  been  sold  fur  as  high  aa 
'  £10  10s.     The  publication  uf  a  new  ed.  by  the  Rev.  M.  A. 
I  Tierney,  with  Notes,  Additions,  and  Continuation,  tu  be 
!  comprised  in  fourteen  vols.  Svo,  was  commenced  in  1839, 
I  and  its  completion  was  promised  by  the  end  of  1842.     It 
'  is  now  thirteen  years  later,  (1855,)  and  but  5  vols,  have  ap- 
peared, 1830-43.  v(d.  5th  being  supplemental  to  Dodd,  and 
written  by  Mr.  Tierney.     Whence  the  delay  ?     The  pub- 
lication price  of  the  new  ed.  was  12*.,  small  paper  j  21^., 
large  paper,  per  vol. 

"  A  book  of  rare  occurrence,  and  interesting  chiefly  to  the  curious 
in  biography.  It  was  published  as  an  antidote  to  Burnet,  and  is 
avowedly  written  as  a  defence  of  the  Komau  Catholics.  Theauthor 
was  a  caustic  and  not  unqualitied  writer.  His  love  of  ridicule  is 
apparent:  his  reliectious  upon  some  of  our  early  Reformers  are 
sometimes  both  unfounded  and  severe."— J»i6cfiM's  Library  Ct^n- 
vanion. 

'*  It  is  verv  rare  and  curious.  Much  of  our  own  domestic  history 
is  interwoven  in  that  of  the  fugitive  papists,  and  the  materials  of 
this  work  are  fre<iULntly  drawn  fmm  their  own  archives,  preserved 
in  their  seminai  ies  at  Douay,  Valladulid.  &c.,  which  have  not  been 
accessible  to  Protestant  writers.  Here  I  discovered  a  copious  no- 
menclature of  eminent  persons,  and  many  literary  men,  with  many 
unknown  facts,  Ijoth  of  a  private  and  jmblic  nature.  It  is  useful 
at  times  to  know  whether  an  English  author  was  a  Catholic." — 
IHsraeli's  Quarrels  of  Authors. 

In  the  new  edit,  the  biographical  part  is  not  intermixed 
with  the  history,  but  is  intended  tu  form  a  distinct  series  in 
the  vols,  after  the  5th.  In  1741  appeared  A  Specimen  of 
Amendments  candidly  proposed  tu  the  compiler  of  a  work 

607 


DOD 


wliich  he  calls  The  Church  History  of  England,  1500-168S ; 
liy  Clerophilus  Alethcs.  This  elicited  An  Apology  for  the. 
Church  History  of  England,  1500-1 6S8;  being  a  reply  to  a 
quarrelsome  libel  entitled  A  Specimen  of  Amendments,  ic., 
1 742, 8vo.  Dodd  also  wrote  Certamen  utriusque  Ecclesise.ic., 
1724,  4to.  See  the  Somers  Collection  of  Tracts,  vol.  xiii. 
Dodd,  George.  Days  at  the  Factories,  Lon.,  184.?, 
Svo.  Manufactories  of  Great  Britain,  1S44, '45,  6  vols.l8mo. 
'■  A  book  omini-ntly  suited  to  the  times.  ...  It  should  be  read 
by  all  who  would  know  how  it  is  that  England  has  acquired  the 
t  h.aracter  of  Wm^  the  greatest  workshop  of  the  world."— i'nfis/t 
i\iivd  fif  India  Magazine. 

The  Curiosities  of  Industry  and  the  Applied  Sciences, 
1S52,  Svo. 

Dodd,  James  A.,  h.  1807,  in  Virginia,  a  self-made 
mathematician,  was  chosen  Prof,  of  Mathematics,  Nat. 
rhilos.,  and  Astronomy,  in  the  Centenary  Coll.,  Miss.,  1841 ; 
in  Transylvania  Univ.,  184f) ;  President  j)ro  tern.,  1849-55. 
Elementary  and  Practical  Arithmetic.  High  School  Arith- 
metic. Elementary  .and  Practical  Algebra.  Algebra  for 
High  Schools  and  Colleges.  Elements  of  Geometry  and 
Mensuration.  Contrib.  to  Quarterly  Review  of  the  Meth. 
E.  Church  South,  Ac. 

Dodd,  James  S.  Satyrieal  Lecture  on  Hearts,  &c., 
8vo.  Nat.  Hist,  of  the  Herring,  Lon.,  1752,  Svo.  Trans, 
of  Dr.  Margafs  New  Prac.  of  Physio,  1774,  12mo.  Hist. 
of  Gibrolt.ar,  1781,  Svo. 

Dodd,  Mary  Ann  Hanmer,  b.  1S13,  a,t  Hartford, 
Connecticut,  has  contributed  many  poetical  pieces  of  un- 
common merit  to  The  Hermencthean,  The  Ladies'  Reposi- 
tory, and  The  Rose  of  Sharon.  A  volume  of  her  poems 
was  pub.  at  H.artford  in  1843.  We  may  instance  The  La- 
ment, The  Mourner,  To  a  Cricket,  The  Dreamer,  and  The 
Dove's  Visit,  as  compositions  of  rare  excellence. 

Dodd,  Philip  Stanhope.  Hints  to  Freshmen  at 
the  Univcrsilv  of  Cambridge,  3d  ed.,  1807,  12mo. 

Dodd,  Ralph.  Canals,  Lon.,  1795,  Svo.  Reports, 
1798,  4to.  Letters,  1799.  Water,  1805,  Svo.  Dry  Rot, 
1815,  Svo. 

Dodd,  William,  D.D.,  1729-1777,  a  divine  of  the 
Church  of  England,  equally  noted  for  his  great  abilities 
and  his  melancholy  end,  was  a  native  of  Bourne,  Lincoln- 
shire, of  which  parish  his  father  was  vicar,  and  educated 
at  Clare  Hall,  Cambridge.  He  was  ordained  in  1753,  and 
soon  distinguished  himself  as  one  of  the  most  eloquent 
preachers  in  London.  After  various  preferments.  Dr. 
Squier,  Bishop  of  St.  David's,  procured  for  him  a  collation 
to  a  prebend  of  Brecon,  and  in  the  same  year  he  received 
the  appointment  of  tutor  to  Philip  Stanhope,  afterwards 
Earl  of  Chesterfield.  He  was  made  one  of  the  king's  chap- 
lains in  1764.  Dodd  was  exceedingly  fond  of  display,  and 
lived  in  a  stylo  altogether  unsuited  to  his  moder.ate  cir- 
cumstances. Finding  himself  deeply  involved  in  debt,  he 
determined  to  make  a  bold  effort  to  secure  the  rectory  of 
St.  George's,  Hanover  Square,  which  had  fallen  to  the  dis- 
posal of  the  crown.  To  her  great  surprise,  the  lady  of 
Lord  Chancellor  Apsley  received  an  anonymous  letter  offer- 
ing to  present  her  with  £3000  if  she  would  obtain  for  Dr. 
Dodd  the  vacant  parish.  This  insulting  propos.al  was 
traced  to  the  aspirant  himself,  and  the  king  ordered  his 
name  to  bo  struck  from  the  list  of  his  chaplains.  In  1777 
he  forged  the  name  of  his  former  pupil,  Lord  Chesterfield, 
to  a  bond  for  £4200.  Detected  in  this  crime,  he  was  cast 
Into  prison,  tried,  and  convicted,  and — notwithstanding 
the  most  strenuous  efforts  to  save  his  life — executed  at  Ty- 
burn on  the  27th  of  June. 

Dodd's  publications — a  list  of  which  will  be  found  in 
Watt's  Bibl.  Brit. — are  numerous.  We  notice  the  follow- 
ing :  Discourses  on  the  Miracles  and  Parables  of  Christ, 
Lon.,  1757,  4  vols.  Svo.  Serms.  to  Young  Men,  1772,  3 
vols.  Svo ;  1st  Amer.  od.,  Phila.,  1848,  24mo.  An  excel- 
lent work.  The  Visitor,  Lon.,  1761,  2  vols.  12mo.  Com- 
fort for  the  Afflicted,  4th  ed.,  1789,  12mo.  Thoughts  in 
Prison,  in  5  parts,  1777,  Svo ;  many  eds.  Reflections  on 
Death,  3d  cd.,  1769,  ISmo.  The  Beauties  of  Shakspcare, 
1780,  3  V(ds.  12mo;  new  ed.,  1810,  '16.  Comment,  on  the 
Old  and  New  Test,,  with  the  Notes  and  Collections  of  John 
Locke,  Dr.  Watcrland,  Lord  Clarendon,  &c.,  pub.  in  num- 
bers, 1765,  &o. ;  3  vols,  fol.,  1770. 

"  This  work,  as  giving  in  general  the  true  sense  of  the  Scriptures, 
is  by  fiir  the  best  Comment  that  h.as  ever  yet  appeared  in  the  Eng- 
lish language." — Da.  Adam  Clarke. 

Perhaps  this  is  rather  extravagant.  We  have  already 
noticed  the  reprint  of  this  work,  (6  vols.  4to,  1801-03.) 
with  some  alterations  by  Dr.  Thomas  Coke,  q. 
name  of  John  Locke  in  the  title-page  is  an  error.  The 
notes  ascribed  to  him  were  really  written  by  Dn.  Ralph 
Cudwokth;  see  the  name  in  the  Biog.  Brit.,  last  od. 
HIS 


DOD 

Beauties  of  History,  1795,  12mo.  A  Common  Place 
Book  to  the  Holy  Bible,  by  John  Locke,  Esq.,  revised  and 
improved  by  Wm.  Dodd,  1805,  4to;  1S24.  The  authenti- 
city of  this  work  is  questionable. 

''  It  certainly  is  a  very  useful  book." — Home's  Bibl.  Bib. 
For  further  particulars  respecting  Dr.  Dodd,  see  Memoirs 
prefixed  to  his  Thoughts  in  Prison  ;  Hist.  Mem.  of  his  Life 
and  Writings,  by  Isaac  Reed,  1777,  Svo;  Jones's  Life  of 
Homo;  Gent.  Mag.,  Ix.,  1010,  '66,  '77;  Boswell's  Life  of 
Dr.  Johnson. 

Doddie,  John.  Associate  Synod,  1800. 
Doddridge,  Doderidge,  or  Dodridge,  Sir  John, 
1555-1628,  an  eminent  English  lawyer,  was  a  native  of 
Barnstaple,  Devonshire,  and  educated  at  Exeter  College, 
whence  he  was  removed  to  the  Middle  Temple,  appointed 
his  majesty's  principal  sergeant  at  law,  1607  ;  Judge  of  the 
Court  of  King's  Bench,  1613.  Among  his  works  are  Com- 
plete Parson,  1602;  last  ed.,  1641,  4to.  The  Lawyer's 
Light,  1602,  4to.  Hist.  Account  of  the  Estate  of  the  Prin- 
cipality of  Wales,  Duchy  of  Cornwall,  and  Earldom  of 
Chester,  1630,  4to. 

"  In  this  treatise.  Sir  John,  with  a  great  deal  of  industry  and 
ex.ictness,  calculates  the  ancient  and  present  revenues  of  the  pala- 
tinate ;  hut  is  not  curious  in  clearing  up  its  original  history."— 
Bishop  Nicohon's  Evg.  Hint.  Lib. 

English  Lawyer,  1631,  4to.  The  Laws  of  Nobility, 
Knights,  ic,  Lon.,  1658,  ]2mo.  This  is  an  enlarged  cd. 
of  Bird's  Magazine  of  Honour.  Opinion,  etc.  rel.  to  the 
power  of  Parliament,  1672, 12mo.  Sheppard's  Touchstone 
and  Wentworth's  Executors  have  been  ascribed  to  Judge 
Doddridge. 

Doddridge,  Philip,  1702-1751,  was  the  twentieth 
child  of  a  London  merchant,  and  lost  both  of  his  parents 
at  an  early  age.  His  mother  had  been  in  the  haldt  of 
teaching  liim  portions  of  Scripture  history,  by  means  of 
the  figured  Dutch  tiles  of  the  chimney  of  her  apartment. 
To  such  faithful  instruction  it  was  owing  that  we  find  him 
at  the  age  of  fourteen  visiting  the  poor,  calling  their  attell- 
tion  to  the  subject  of  personal  religion,  and  dividing  his 
pocket-monev  with  the  necessitous.  At  a  private  .school 
at  St.  Alban's,  his  application  and  piety  attracted  the  notice 
of  Dr.  Samuel  Clarke,  who  kindly  undertook  the  charge 
and  expense  of  his  education.  In  1719  he  entered  the  dis- 
senting academy  of  John  Jennings  at  Kibworth;  and 
afterwards  continued  his  studies  at  Hinckley  in  Leicester- 
shire. He  evinced  great  conscientiousness  in  declining, 
on  account  of  scruples  as  to  subscribing  to  the  thirty-nine 
articles,  the  liberal  offer  of  the  Duchess  of  Bedford,  to  sup- 
port him  at  the  university,  and  procure  him  preferment  in 
the  church,  if  she  should  live  until  he  had  taken  orders. 
He  met  with  much  discouragement  in  his  efforts  to  qualify 
himself  for  the  ofliee  of  a  dissenting  preacher.  He  says: 
"  •  I  waited  on  Dr.  Edmund  Calamy  to  beg  his  advice  and  assis^ 
ance,  that  I  might  be  brought  up  a  minister,  which  was  always  my 
great  desire.  lie  gave  me  no  encouragement  in  it,  but  advLsed  me 
to  turn  my  thoughts  to  something  else.'  Resolving  'to  follow  Pro- 
vidence, and  not  force  it.'  ho  was  about  applying  himself  to  the 
study  of  the  law ;  but  before  deciding  he  set  apart  one  morning  to 
earnest  solicitation  for  divine  guidance :  whilst  thus  occupied,  ho 
received  a  lettei  from  the  generous  Dr.  Clarke,  who  offered  to  ad- 
vance him  to  a  pastoral  otlice.  Looking  upon  this  timely  offer 
'almost  as  an  answer  from  Heaven,'  he  accepted  it  joyfully." 

In  his  studies,  he  was  uncommonly  diligent  and  method- 
ical. At  fourteen  years  of  age  ho  commenced  keeping  a 
diary,  in  which  he  "  accounted  for  every  hour  of  his  time." 
Whilst  studying  Homer,  he  made  annotations  sufficient  to 
fill  a  large  volume ;  and  his  interleaved  Bible  exhibits  a 
vast  quantity  of  extracts  and  remarks,  in  illustration  of 
the  text,  taken  from  the  works  of  eminent  commentators. 
Thus  did  he  lay  the  foundation  of  his  own  admirable  ex- 
position. He  was  never  too  busy,  however,  to  seek  assist- 
ance of  the  Father  of  Lights,  "without  whose  help  all 
labour  is  ineffectual,  and  without  whose  grace  all  wisdom 
is  folly."  (See  Dr.  Johnson's  prayer  on  commencing  the 
Rambler.)     He  says : 

"I  found  th.at  an  hour  spent  every  morning  in  private  prayer 
and  meditation  gave  me  spirit  and  vigour  for  the  business  of  the 
day,  and  kept  mv  temper  active,  patient,  and  calm." 

Among  his  private  papers,  written  about  this  period,  was 
a  solemn  pledge  to  devote  himself,  his  time,  and  his  abili- 
ties, to  the  service  of  religion,  (this  he  read  over  once  a 
week,)  and  a  set  of  rules  for  his  general  guidance.  By  aid 
of  these  monitors  he  enforced  upon  himself 

"The  necessity  of  earlv  rising,  of  returning  solemn  thanks  for 
the  mercies  of  the  night,  and  imploring  divine  aid  through  the 
business  of  the  day ;  of  divesting  his  mind,  while  engaged  in  prayer, 
of  every  thing  else,  either  external  or  internal;  of  reading  the 
Tl.'A  I  Scriptures  daily;  of  never  trifling  with  a  book  with  which  he  had 
^  "  no  business;  of  never  losing  a  minute  of  time,  or  incurring  any 
unnecessary  expense,  so  that  hemight  have  more  to  spend  for  God; 
of  endeavouring  to  make  himself  agreeable  and  useful,  by  tender, 
compassionate,  and  friendly  deportment;  of  being  very  moderate 


DOD 


DOD 


at  meals,  and  of  never  delaying  any  thing,  unless  he  could  prove  '. 
that  another  time  would  be  more  fit  than  the  present,  or  that  some 
otht-r  more  important  duty  lequired  his  immediate  attention." 

When  we  thus  behold  the  fuundation  upon  which  this 
excellent  young  man  began  to  build  his  character,  we  i 
need  not  be  surprised  at  the  lofty  elevation  and  striking  ■ 
beauty  to  which  the  superstructure  attained.  In  July, 
1722,  in  his  twentieth  year,  he  commenced  preaching  to  a 
small  congregation  at  Kibworth.  Here  he  pursued  his 
biblical  studies,  and  seems  to  have  enjoyed  both  these  and 
his  professional  labours:  I 

*'  One  day  passeth  away  after  another,  and  T  only  know  that  it  ' 
passeth  pleasantly  with  me.  .  .  .  lean  willingly  give  up  the  chaims  i 
of  London,  the  luxury,  the  company,  the  popularity  of  it.  for  the  i 
secret  pleasures  of  rational  employment  and  self-approbation;  re-  i 
tired  from  applau.<;e  and  reproach,  from  envy  and  contempt,  and 
the  destructive  habits  of  avarice  and  ambition," 

His  favourite  authors  in  his  retirement  were  Tillotson,  | 
Baxter,  and  Howe.  In  1727  he  was  chosen  assistant 
preacher  at  Market  Harborough.  Two  years  afterwards, 
by  the  solicitation  of  Dr.  Watt,  he  established  an  academy 
for  the  education  of  young  men  designed  for  the  ministry. 
Among  his  pupils,  were  Dr.  Kippis,  the  editor  of  the  Bio- 
graphia  Britaunica,  Dr.  Hugh  Farmer,  author  of  the  Essay 
on  tiie  Daimoniaes  of  the  New  Testament,  and  Newton 
Cappe.  In  December,  1729,  he  took  charge  of  a  congre- 
gation at  Northampton,  and  in  the  following  March  was 
ordained.  In  December.  1730,  he  was  married  to  a  lady 
named  Maris.  On  this  occasion  he  drew  up  the  following 
rules,  which  we  commend  to  all  our  married  readers,  and 
to  all  who  design  entering  into  that  happy  relation: 

"It  shall  be  my  daily  care  to  keep  up  flir  ^)iirit  of  piety  in  my 
conversation  with  my  wife;  to  recomm.Mni  litT  tn  the  divine  bless- 
ing; to  manifest  an  obliging,  tender,  disposition  towards  her,  and 
particularly  to  avoid  every  thing  which  has  the  appearance  of  pet- 
tishness,  to  which,  amidst  my  various  cares  and  labours,  I  may,  in 
some  unguarded  moments,  be  liable." 

He  contracted  a  cold  in  December,  1750,  whilst  travel- 
ling to  St.  Alban's  to  preach  a  funeral  sermon  on  Dr.  Clarke. 
The  next  July  he  preached  his  last  sermon.     A  voyage  to  I 
Lisbon  was  recommended,  but  his  scanty  means  presented  j 
an  obstacle  to  this  step.     Upon  this  becoming  known,  a 
clergyman  of  the  Church  of  England  set  on  foot  a  subscrip-  | 
tion  for  his  relief.     A  large  sum  was  raised,  and  Doddridge  I 
embarked   on   the   30th   of  September,  17ol;  the  voyage  \ 
proved  of  no  benefit,  and  he  expired  at  Lisbun,  a  fortnight  | 
after  he  had  landed :  his  remains  were  interred  in  the  burial- 
ground  of  the  British  Factory.     In  person  he  was  rather 
above  the  middle  height,  and  very  slender.     His  manners 
were  very  easy  and  polite,  his  conversation  was  agreeable 
and  at  times  brilliant.     Like  most  men  of  decided  talent, 
of  eminent  piety,  and  extensive  usefulness,  he  was  very 
fond  of  humour,  and  excelled  in  sprightly  sallies  ;  and  has 
been  described  as  taking  **as  much  delight  in  innocent  ' 
mirth  as  a  child,"  and  as  being  "by  far  the  most  lively  and 
amusing  member  of  the  circle  in  which  he  moved."     We 
have  referred  to  his  habit  of  early  rising:  unless  severely 
indisposed  he  quitted  his  bed  winter  and  summer  at  five 
o'clock : 

'*  I  am  generally  employed  with  veiy  short  intervals  from  morn- 
ing to  night,  and  have  seldom  more  than  six  hours  in  bed;  yet, 
such  is  the  goodness  of  God  to  me,  that  I  seldom  know  what  it  is 
to  be  weary." 

He  attributes  the  greater  part  of  his  literary  productions 
to  his  having  invariably  risen  at  five  instead  of  seven 
o'clock ;  "a  practice  which  if  pursued  for  forty  years,  would 
add  a  fourtJi  of  that  period  to  a  man's  life."  Dr.  Doddridge 
is  best  known  as  an  author  by  his  excellent  Family  Expo- 
sitor, and  his  Rise  and  Progress  of  Religion  in  the  Soul. 
These  works  have  been  frequently  reprinted,  and  so  long 
as  the  Bible  and  human  nature  exist,  must  always  be  popu- 
lar on  the  whole,  though,  like  all  man's  works,  not  without 
imperfections. 

"  One  part  of  Dr.  Doddridge's  Family  Expositor,  which  must  have 
cost  him  uncommon  pains,  was  his  having  everywhere  intt-rwoven 
the  text  with  the  paraphrase,  and  carefully  distinguished  the 
former  fK>m  the  latter  by  the  Italic  character.  By  this  method  it 
is  impossible  to  read  the  paraphrase  without  the  te.xt;  and  every 
one  may  immediately  see.  not  only  the  particular  clause  to  which 
any  explication  answers,  but.  also,  what  are  the  words  of  the  ori- 
ginal, and  what  merely  the  sense  of  the  commentator.  Nor  was 
our  author  content  with  barely  inserting  the  old  translation,  but 
gave  an  entire  new  version  of  the  whole  Testament,  the  merit  and 
usefulness  of  whji^h  will  in  many  resperts  be  acknowledged.  This 
translation  was  extracted  from  the  paraphrase,  and  published  in 
1765,  in  two  volumes  12mo,  with  some  alterations  and  improve- 
ments by  the  editor,  together  with  an  introduction,  and  a  number 
of  very  short  not^^s." — Dr.  Kippis,  in  Biog.  Brit. 

Dr.  Isaac  Watts  thus  speaks  of  our  author,  in  a  letter  to 
Rev.  Mr.  Longueville  of  Amsterdam,  who  wrote  to  Dr. 
Watts  respecting  a  translation  of  some  of  Doddridge's 
works  in  the  Dutch  tongue: 

"  I  have  no  need  to  give  you  a  large  account  of  his  knowludge 


in  the  sciences,  in  which  I  confess  him  to  be  greatly  my  superior; 
and  as  to  the  doctrines  of  divinity  and  the  gospel  of  Christ,  1  know 
not  any  man  of  greater  skill  than  himst-lf  and  hardly  one  sufficient 
to  be  his  second.  .  .  .  If  you  have  read  that  excellent  performance 
of  his,  the  Kis«  and  Progress,  Ac,  you  will  be  of  my  mind." 

For  the  latter  production  Doddridge  received  the  thanks 
of  many  eminent  divines,  and  the  Duchess  of  Somerset 
thus  writes  to  the  author  respecting  it: 

'•  I  may  with  truth  as.sure  you,  that  I  never  was  so  deeply  affected 
with  any  thing  I  ever  met  with  as  with  that  book;  and  1  could  not 
be  e;isy  till  I  had  given  one  to  every  servant  in  my  house." 

The  Family  Expositor  has  been  translated  into  almost 
every  European  language.  At  St.  John's  College,  Cam- 
bridge, the  Evidences  of  Christianity  has  long  been  used 
as  a  text-book. 

"  No  single  work  is  e^ual  to  the  admirable  course  of  lectures  by 
Dr.  Doddridge." — Simpson. 

'■  And  first,  as  an  universal  storehouse,  necessary  to  the  student 
in  the  conduct  of  hia  theological  pursuits,  Doddridge's  Lectures. 
[On  the  Principal  Subjects  in  i'neumatology.  Ethics,  and  Divinity."] 
Bp.  of  Durham's  Chary. 

'*  I  scarcely  know  a  more  useful  book." — Dr.  Parr:  notice  of  Uie 
same  tvork. 

The  Practical  Discourses  on  Regeneration 

"  Are  distinguished  by  the  amiable  and  excellent  author's  wonted 
clearness  of  statement  and  aflectionate  earnestness  of  persuasion.'' 
— Dr.  Ralph  W.\rdlaw. 

.Sermons  on  the  Power  and  Grace  of  Christ. 

"  1  have  read  them  with  much  pleasure  and  improvement;  they 
are  excellent." — Bp.  M'arbirton. 

"  After  all,  the  young  composer  may  find  the  popular  sermons 
of  Dr.  Doddridge  more  improving  models.  He  excels  in  distinct- 
ness and  scripture  phraseology." — Dr.  K.  "Wiluams. 

"  His  Family  Expositor  is  a  masterly  work.  This  admirable  com- 
mentary is  in  the  lists  of  books  recommended  by  Bishops  Watson 
and  Tomline,  and  almn.st  every  other  theological  tutor.  The  Har- 
mony of  the  four  Gospels  is  acknowledged  to  be  executed  with 
great  judgment,  independently  of  the  very  valuable  e.xposition 
and  notes  that  accompany  it." — T.  U.  Horne. 

Mr.  Orme  remarks: 

"  Of  a  book  so  well  known  and  so  generally  esteemed  as  the 
Family  Expositor,  it  is  scarcely  necessary  to  speak.  It  is  admirably 
adapted  to  the  otject  which  the  author  had  chiefly  in  view;  and 
no  book  can  be  read  in  a  Christian  family  with  more  advantage. 
.  .  .  The  translation  frequently  corrects  the  received  version ;  Ijut 
the  paraphrase  is  often  too  diffuse,  and  in  the  notes  he  sometimes 
discovers  an  anxiety  to  press  a  fine  thought  into  the  meaning  of 
the  sacred  writer.  I'lis  Harmony,  which  must  have  cost  him  great 
lalmur.  is  often  unsatisfactory,  has  too  many  transpositions,  and  is 
not  so  judicious  in  the  arrangement  as  Macknight's." 

'"  Of  all  our  author's  writings,  the  Family  Expositor  is  the  most 
important  and  valu.able." — Dr.  Kippis. 

Dr.  Dibdin  declares  that 

*'  The  Family  Expositor  should  find  a  place  upon  the  shelf  and 
upon  the  table  of  every  mansion  where  the  moral  duties  of  a  Chris- 
tian are  enjoined.  Doddridge's  heart  was  made  up  of  all  the  kind- 
lier feelings  of  our  nature,  and  was  wholly  devoted  to  the  salvation 
of  men's  souls.  Whatever  he  did,  he  appears  to  have  done  to  the 
glory  of  God." 

"  His  character  and  writings  will  long  continue  to  be  revered 
and  honoured  by  all  who  prefer  scriptural  truth  to  human  sys- 
tems.'"— MORELL. 

Dr.  Francis  Hunt,  Regius  Professor  at  Oxford,  bears  tes- 
timony to  the  excellence  of  the  Rise  and  Progress,  and 
Archdeacon  Wrangham  wrote  thirteen  practical  sermons 
founded  upon  that  work. 

■'In  reading  the  New  Testament,  I  recommend  Doddridge's 
Family  Expositor  as  an  impartial  interpreter  and  faithful  monitor. 
Other  expositions  and  commentaries  might  be  mentioned,  greatly 
to  the  honour  of  their  respective  authors,  for  their  several  excel- 
lencies: such  as,  elegance  of  exposition,  acuteness  of  illustration, 
and  copiousness  of  erudition:  but  1  know  of  no  expositor  who 
unites  so  m.any  advantages,  whether  you  regard  the  fidelity  of  his 
version,  the  fulness  and  per.'ipicuity  of  his  composition,  the  utility 
of  his  general  and  historical  information,  the  impartiality  of  his 
doctrinal  coainients.  or  lastly,  the  piety  and  pastoral  earnestness 
of  his  moral  and  religious  applications.  He  has  made,  as  he  pro- 
fesses to  have  done,  ample  use  of  thu  commentators  that  preceded 
him;  and,  in  the  explanation  of  grammatical  difficulties,  he  h.as 
profited  much  more  fiom  the  philologii.-jil  writers  on  the G reek  Te.s- 
tament  than  could  almost  have  been  expected  in  so  multifarious 
an  undertaking  .as  the  Family  Expositor."— Barbington.  Bish'^'p 
of  Durham. 

"  Doddridge  is  now  my  prime  favourite  among  divines." — Th^ 
Sev.  Robert  HalVs  Letters. 

"  He  was  author  of  one  of  the  finest  epigrams  in  the  English 
language.  It  is  in  Orton's  life  of  him.  The  subject  is  his  femily 
motto.  ■  DuTn.  vivimus  vivamus.'  whicli.  in  its  primary  signification, 
is,  to  be  sure,  not  very  suitable  to  a  Christian  divine;  but  ho  para- 
phrased it  thus: 

*  Live  while  you  live,  the  Epicure  would  say, 

And  seize  the  pleasures  of  the  present  day. 

Live  while  you  live,  the  sacred  Pnacher  cries, 

And  give  to  God  each  moment  as  it  flies. 

Lord,  in  my  views  let  both  united  be; 

I  live  in  pleasure,  when  I  live  to  thee.'" — Dr.  Johnson. 
Dr.  Doddridge's  works  are:  1.  Sermon  after  a  Fire,  on 
Amos  iv.  11,  1782,  8vo.  2.  Ten  Sermons  on  the  Power  and 
Grace  of  Christ;  or,  Evidences  of  his  glorious  Gospel, 
1736, 12mo.  3.  Absurdity  and  Wickedness  of  Per.-ccution 
for  Conscience'  sake ;  a  Sermon  on  Luke  ix.  55, 56. 1 736, 8vo. 

509 


DOD 

4.  Sermon  on  2  Cor.  iv.  5, 1737.  Svo.  5.  Sermon  on  2  Kings 
iv.  26, 1737,Svo.  6.  Sermon.  Northampton.  1738.  7.  Dis- 
course at  the  Interment  of  the  Kev.  J.  Newton,  Lon.,  1741, 
Svo.  8.  The  Evil  and  Banger  of  Neglecting  the  Souls  of 
Men  ;  a  Sermon,  Lon.,  1742,  Svo.  9.  Compassion  to  the 
Sick  Recommended  and  Urged  j  a  Sermon  on  Ps.  xli.  1-3. 
10.  On  the  Flight  of  the  Rebels;  a  Sermon  on  Luke  i.  74, 
V5,  1746,  8vo.  11.  Four  Sermons  on  the  Religious  Educa- 
tion of  Children,  1743,  Svo.  12.  Funeral  Sermon  on  2 
Kings  iv.  26,  1737,  Svo.  13.  Eighteen  Practical  Sermons 
on  Regeneration  ;  to  which  are  added  2  Sermons  on  Salva- 
tinn  by  Grace  through  Faith.  14.  On  occasion  of  a  second 
Shock  of  an  Earthquake ;  a  Serm.  on  Matt-  xi.  23.  24, 1750, 
Svo.  15.  Tracts,  1761,  3  vols.  12mo.  16.  Of  the  Evidences 
of  Christianity,  in  Answer  to  Christianity  not  Founded  on 
Argument,  Lon.,  1742,  '43,  Svo.  17.  Three  Letters  to  the 
Author  of  Christianity  not  Founded  on  Argument,  Lon., 
1743,  Svo.  IS.  A  Sermon  on  the  Heroic  Death  of  Colonel 
James  Gardiner,  Lon.,  1746,  Svo.  19.  Some  remarkable 
passages  in  the  Life  of  Col.  James  Gardiner,  from  his  birth, 
January  10,  1 6S7,  to  his  death,  in  the  Battle  of  Prestonpan, 
September  21,  1745;  with  an  Appendix  relating  to  the 
ancient  family  of  the  Munroes  of  Fowlis,  Svo.  Several 
editions.  20.  The  Rise  and  Progress  of  Religion  in  the 
Soul.  Lun.,  1750, 12mo.  The  most  popular  of  his  detached 
works.  It  has  gone  through  numerous  editions,  and  has 
been  translated  into  the  Dutch.  German,  Danish,  and 
French  languages.  21.  A  Funeral  Sermon,  Lon.,  1750, 
Svo.  22.  Hymns,  Salop,  1755,  Svo.  23.  The  Family  Ex- 
positor; or  a  Paraphrase  and  Version  of  the  New  Testa- 
ment, with  Critical  Notes  and  Practical  Improvements, 
Lon.,  1760-62,  6  vols.  4to.  The  same,  with  his  Life  by 
Dr.  Kippis,  Lon.,  1S08,  4  vols.  4to,  or  6  vols.  Svo.  New 
ed.,  1840,  4  vols.  Svo;  and  1839,  imp.  fol.  This  masterly 
work  has  been  often  reprinted.  An  abridgment  of  it  was 
published  by  the  late  Rev.  S.  Palmer,  entitled  The  Family 
Expositor  abridged,  according  fo  the  plan  of  its  Author; 
containing  his  Version,  and  the  most  useful  Explanatory 
Notes,  with  Practical  Reflections  at  the  end  of  each  Sec- 
tion entire,  2  vols.  Svo.  24.  Course  of  Lectures,  published 
after  his  Death,  by  the  Rev.  Samuel  Clarke,  1763,  4to. 
Republished  by  Kippis,  with  very  extensive  and  valuable 
additions,  Lou.,  1794,  2  vols.  Svo.  25.  Of  a  Person  who 
had  no  Ear  for  Music,  naturally  singing  several  times 
when  in  a  delirium,  Phil.  Trans.,  1747.  26.  Of  a  Wether 
giving  Suck  to  a  Lamb:  and  of  a  Monstrous  Lamb,  lb. 

AVe  also  notice:  Memoirs  of  his  Life,  Character,  and 
Writings,  Salop,  1766,  Svo.  His  whole  works  by  D.Wil- 
liams and  the  Rev.  E.  Parsons,  Leeds,  1802, 10  vols.  r.  Svo, 
£6.  Sermons  to  Young  Persons;  new  edit.,  Lon.,  1803, 
12mo.  Sermons,  1826,  4  vols.  Svo.  Private  Correspond- 
ence and  Diary,  1829,  5  vols.  Svo. 

*' These  volumes  must  rank  with  our  first  English  classics,  and 
must  go  down  to  posterity  as  specimens  of  the  English  languai^e 
rarely  surpassed." — Lon.  Evangel.  Mag. 

Miscellaneous  Works,  with  an  Introdue.  Essay  by  the 
Rev.  T.  Morell,  1S39,  imp.  Svo.  See  also  The  Life  and 
Labours  of  Doddridge  by  John  Stoughton,  Lon.,  1851, 
12mo;  2d  ed.,  1852.  We  do  not  feel  willing  to  conclude 
this  article  without  quoting  a  few  more  testimonies  to  the 
value  of  the  writings  of  this  truly  excellent  man : 

'•All  Dr. Doddridge's  addresses  to  his  fellow-sinners  breathed  at 
once  the  ardour  of  piety,  and  the  tendeiness  of  benevolence,  by 
which  that  spirit,  under  the  guidance  of  a  sound  and  divinely- 
enlightened  understanding,  was  ever  animated.'' — Db.  Wardlaw. 
"Clearness  of  thought,  unaffected  learning,  fidelity  to  the  souls 
of  men.  and  deep  and  chastened  devotion,  chamcterize  the  sermons 
of  Dr.  Doddridge." 

'*  The  Family  Expositor  is  a  very  judicious  work.  It  has  long 
been  highly  esteemed,  and  is  worthy  of  all  the  credit  it  has  among 
religious  people." — Dr.  Adam  Claree. 

'*  In  the  critical  part  of  the  New  Test.iment.  I  know  of  none  bet- 
ter than  Hammond  or  M'hltby :  and  for  the  harmony,  commentary, 
and  short  notes,  Doddridge  will  prove  most  useful." — Knowles. 

"  It  is  unnecessary  to  speak  its  prai-se.  Hervey  thought  he  occa- 
sionally leaned  to  the  trimming  side:  but  whnis  unexceptionable? 
Perhaps  there  is  more  feebleness  than  positive  trimming  in  his 
doctrinal  statement." — Bickcrsteth's  Chrv^tian  Siudent. 

The  same  writer  thus  refers  to  the  Course  of  Lectures  on 
Pneumatology,  Ethics,  and  Divinity,  with  Lectures  on 
Preaching : 

"  y\  uch  may  be  learned  from  this  learned  and  devout  writer :  he 
has  maijy  judicious  criticisms  on  different  authors;  but  there  is  a 
tone  of  excessive  canduur.  bordering  upnn  Latitudinarianism.  espe- 
cially in  giving  too  great  weight  to  objections,  when  treating  upon 
the  Evidences  and  Doctrines.  His  criticisms  on  theological  writers 
in  his  preaching  Lectures,  not  duly  respecting  Evangelical  Doctrine, 
fail  in  discrimination.  See  his  Criticisms  on  Tillotson,  Barrow, 
Atterbury." — BiCKEitSTETH,  ubi  supra. 

Sir  James  Stonehouse  remarks,  in  his  Correspondence, 
that  Doddridge's  three  Sermons  on  the  Evidences  of  the 
Uospel,  and  his  Rise  and  Progress  of  Religion  in  the  Soul, 


BOD 

particularly,  were  of  great  use  in  removing  his  prejudices 
against  Christianity,  and  forming  him  to  the  love  and  prac- 
tice of  religion. 

We  may  give  another  instance  of  the  benefit  resulting 
from  the  Sermons  on  the  Evidences  of  Christianity: 
_  '*  It  gave  the  author  singular  pleasure  to  know  that  these  ser- 
mons were  the  means  of  convincing  two  gentlemen,  of  a  liberal 
education  and  distinguished  abilities,  that  Christianity  was  true 
and  divine;  and  one  of  them  becjime  a  zealous  preacher,  and  an 
ornament  of  the  religion  he  had  once  denied  and  despised." — Mid- 
dleiim's  Evavgd.  Bing. 

The  Sermons  on  the  Evidences  are  pub.  by  the  London 
Tract  Society  for  3rf.  Mcllvaine's  Evidences  of  Chris- 
tianity is  one  of  the  best  manuals  on  the  subject,  and  has 
been  the  means  of  convincing  many  skeptics  of  the  truth 
of  the  Gospel.  Such  books  should  be  widely  circulated 
among  unbolievors,  or  those  who  have  lingering  doubts 
upon  this  all-important  subject. 

"Doddridge  was  a.  burning  and  shining  liirht  which,  in  days  of 
more  than  ordinary  coldne.ss.  Divine  Providence  was  pleased  to 
enkindle,  in  order  to  impart  both  warmth  and  illumination  to  the 
professing  Christian  world."— Bishop  .Tebb. 

Dodds,  James.     A  Century  of  Scottish  History,  Svo. 
"It  displays  much  judgment  and  discrimination." — Wiine&s. 
Dodgson,  Charles,  D.D.,  d.  1795,  Bishop  of  Ossory, 
1765;  trans,  to  Elphin,  1775.     Serms.,  1761,  '6S. 

Dodington,  George  Bubb,  Lord  Melcombe,  1691- 
1762,  a  statesman  of  considerable  notoriety  in  his  day,  is 
best  knownbyhisDiary,  1749-61,  pub.  by  Mr.  H.  P.  Wynd- 
haui,  Lon.,  1785,  Svo;  1823. 

"The  Diary  of  Dodington,  Lord  Melcombe,  must  by  no  me.ins 
be  negle*"ted,  for  by  its  means  we  are  allowed  a  slight  glance  into 
the  intrigues  and'  cabals  of  the  times.  It  is  generally  amusing, 
and  sometimes  important." — Prof.  SmyOt's  Led.  on  Mod.  Hist. 

"An  admirable  picture  of  himself,  and  an  instructive  lesson  for 
future  statesmen." — Edin.  Revicio. 

Dodington  pub.  some  poetical  and  political  pieces  j  see 
Park's  Walpole's  R.  and  N.  Authors. 

"Mr.  Dodington  has  written  some  very  pretty  love-verses,  which 
have  never  been  published."— Lord  Littelton:  Note  to  an  Eclogue 
entiilal  Hope,  inscribed  to  Dodington. 
Dodington,  J,  Govt,  of  France,  Lon.,  1657. 
Dodritius,  J,  Acta  in  Comitiis  Parliamentaribus, 
Londini,  Anno  MDXCIIL.  Contra  Catholicos  etPuritanos, 
1593,  Svo. 

Dods,  John  Bovee,  b.  1795,  in  the  State  of  N.  York. 
1.  Thirty  Sermons.  Svo.  2.  Philosophy  of  Mesmerism. 
3.  Philosophy  of  Electrical  Psychology.  4.  Immortality 
Triumphant,  &c.  5.  Spirit  Manifestations  Examined  and 
Explained,  N.  Y.,  1854. 

"  No  one  whose  mind  is  given  to  an  investigation  of  the  matter, 
should  neglect  the  perusal  of  this  volume.  It  is  both  curious  and 
instructive." — Geo,  Riplev. 

Dods,  Mrs.  Margaret.  The  Cook  and  Housewife'^ 
Mannnl.  10th  ed.,  Edin.,  1853.  12mo. 

"  A  valuable  compendium  of  culinary  knowledge." — Edinburgh 
Oournnt. 

"The  book  is  really  most  excellent  miscellaneous  reading." — 
Blackioood's  Magazine. 

Dodsley,  Robert,  1703-1764,  abookseller  and  author 
of  considerable  note,  a  native  of  Mansfield,  Nottingham- 
shire, was  an  apprentice  to  a  tradesman,  and  subsequently 
a  footman.  In  1732  he  pub.  a  volume  of  poems  under  the 
title  of  The  Muse  in  Livery,  or  the  Footman's  Miscellany. 
His  next  essay  in  literature  was  a  dramatic  piece  entitled 
The  Toy  Shop,  the  MS.  of  which  he  sent  to  Pope  for  his 
perusal  and  opinion.  The  great  poet  saw  the  merit  of  the 
production,  recommended  the  piece  to  Mr.  Rich,  the  mana- 
ger of  Covent-garden  Theatre,  and  became  henceforth  the 
author's  friend  and  patron.  Dodsley  now  determined  to 
set  up  a  bookstore,  and  his  success  proved  that  he  had  not 
been  too  sanguine  in  his  expectations.  He  soon  gave  to 
the  world  two  more  dramatic  pieces.  The  King  and  the 
Miller  of  Mansfield,  and  The  Blind  Beggar  of  Bethnal 
Green.  In  1741  he  commenced  the  Weekly  Register,  of 
which  24  numbers  were  pub.  A  Select  Collection  of  Old 
Plays,  edited  by  Thomas  Coxeter,  1744,  12  vols.  12mo;  2d 
ed.,  by  Isaac  Reed,  1780.  12  vols.  cr.  Svo.  Many  copies  of 
this  ed.  were  destroyed  by  fire.  A  few  copies,  large  paper, 
were  printed,  which  have  been  sold  at  very  high  prices. 
New  ed..  with  oddit  Notes  and  Corrections  by  Isaac  Reed, 
0.  Gilchrist,  and  the  editor,  J.  P.  Collier,  {q.  v.)  1825-27, 
12  vols.  cr.  Svo.  This  collection  contains  sixty  of  the  best 
and  scarcest  of  the  old  English  Plays,  beginning  with  the 
Moralities  or  Mysteries.  Much  valuable  information  is 
interspersed  throughout  the  volumes. 

"  We  may  here  perceive  how  this  noble  generation  of  poets,  some 
of  whose  names  are  not  familiar  to  us,  have  moulded  our  language 
with  the  images  of  their  tancy,  and  strengthened  it  by  the  stability 
of  their  thoughts."— DisaAEU. 

"  Xo  species  of  Fiction  is  so  delightful  as  the  Old  English  Drama; 
even  its  inferior  productions  possess  a  charm  not  to  be  found  in 
any  other  kind  of  Poetry." — T.  B.  Macaulay. 


DOD 

The  Preceptor,  17-tS,  2  vols.  Svo.  This  is  a  collection  of 
miscellaneous  pieces.  Dr.  Johnson  furnished  the  Preface, 
anil  The  Vision  of  Theodore  the  Hermit.  Trifles,  1748; 
A  Collection  of  Dodslcy's  dramatic  pieces.  The  CEconomy 
of  Human  Life,  1751,  Svo;  several  eds.  This  excellent 
moral  work,  written  by  Dodsley,  was  attributed  to  Lord 
Chesterfield.  Public  Virtue,  175.1,  Svo,  by  Dodsley.  The 
.\nnual  Register,  commenced  in  175S  at  the  suggestion  of 
Edmcsd  Bijuke,  iq.  V.)  who  had  charge  of  it  for  some  time. 
It  is  still  pub.  In  this  year  he  produced  at  Covent-gnrdcn 
Theatre  his  tragedy  of  Cleone,  of  which  Johnson  said  that 
"  if  Otway  h,ad  written  it,  no  other  of  his  pieces  would  have 
been  remembered."  Fables  of  Esop.  Ac,  1760.  A  Collec- 
tion of  Poems  by  several  hands,  1763,  6  vols.  Svo.  Fugi- 
tive Pieces,  1765,  2  vols.  Svo.  To  the  periodical  entitled 
The  World,  established  by  Dodsley  and  Moore,  the  former 
contributed  No.  32.  Miscellanies  :  Cleone,  Melpomene,  Ac., 
1772.  Dodsley  purchased  of  Johnson  in  1738,  London, 
(his  first  original  composition,  pub.  in  a  vol.)  for  ten  guineas  ; 
and  in  1749  gave  him  fifteen  guineas  for  The  Vanity  of 
Human  Wishes.  Dodslcy's  Poems,  which  possess  great 
merit,  are  pub.  in  vol.  xv.  of  Chalmers's  Collection  of  the 
Poets,  and  the  reader  will  find  inleresting  particulars  con- 
cerning him  in  the  Biog.  Brit.,  and  in  Boswell's  Life  of 
Johnson. 

Dodson,  James.     The  Antilogarithmic  Canon,  1742, 
fol.     Mathemat.   Repository,  Lon.,  1748-55,  .3  vols.  12mo. 
Dodson,  Jeremiah.     Serm.,  Lon.,  16SS,  4to. 
Dodson,  John,  LL.D.     Dalrymple  Case,  Lon.,  1811, 
Svo.     Admiralty  Reports.  T.  T.  1811  to  E.  T.  1S22,  Lon., 
1815-28,  2  vols.  Svo.     Dodson's  reports  were  continued  by 
Dr.  Haggard.     Dodson's  were  a  continuation  of  Edwards's. 
Dodsou,  Joseph.     Serms.,  Lon.,  1720,  '28. 
Dodson,  Michael,  1732-1799,  an  English  lawyer. 
New  trans,  of  Isaiah,  with  Notes  supplementary  to  those  of 
Dr.  Lowth.  <tc..  Lon.,  1790,  Svo. 

'■  Bodson  thought  he  discovered  numerous  and  very  considerable 
mist.ilies  and  defects  in  Bishop  Lowth's  version." 

See  Orme's  BihI.  Bib.  and  Home's  Bibl.  Bib.  for  an  ac- 
count of  the  controversy  connected  with  this  work.  Me- 
moirs of  Rev.  H.  Farmer.  He  pub.  eds.  of  Sir  M.  Foster's 
Trial  of  the  Rebels,  1762,  '76,  '92,  and  his  Life  in  1811 
See  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit. 

Dodson,  Wm.     Draining  of  the  Great  Level  of  the 
Fen  called  Bedford  Level,  Lon.,  1665,  4to. 
Dodswell,  Dr.     Hydatidos  in  Sheep,  &e.,  1778. 
Dodsworth,  Roger,  1585-1654,  a  learned  and  indus- 
trious antiquary,  wrote  122  folio  vols,  (never  pub.)  which, 
with  40  more  collected  by  him,  are  now  in  the  Bodleian 
Library.     See  Bishop  Nicolson's  Eng.  Hist.  Lib.  22.     He 
designed  using  some  of  these  materials  in  a  History  of  the 
Antiquities  of  Yorkshire,  but  the  project  was  not  completed. 
He  was  the  coadjutor  of  Sir  William  DucrALE  {q.r.)  in 
the  Monasticon  Anglicanum,  Lon.,  1655,  '61,  '71, 3  vids.  fol. 
"He  was  a  man  of  wonderful   industrv,  hut  less   iudiiment • 
.ilways  collecting  and  transcribing,  but  never  published  anv 
thmg. — Wood. 

Mr.Gough  says  th.at  in  the  first  part  of  this  description 
Wood  draws  his  own  character.  See  Gough's  Topogranhv 
vol.  i.;  Archajol.  vol.  i.  i   &    f  3, 

Dodsworth,  Wm.  Cathedral  of  Salisbury,  1792. 
Hist.  Acct.  of  the  Church  of  Sarum.  Ac,  1814,  r.  4to. 

Dodsworth,  M'm.  Discourses  on  the  Lord's  Supper 
1835,  12mo;  3d  ed.,  1841, 12mo.  The  Church  of  England  ; 
a  Protest  against  Romanism  and  Dissent,  1836,  "iSmo! 
Why  h.ave  you  become  a  Romanist?  a  Letter  to  Mr.  Sib- 
thorp,  2d  ed.,  1842,  Svo.  We  suppose  that  Mr.  Sibthorp's 
answer  was  not  satisfactory,  as  Mr.  Dodsworth  has  followed 
him  to  Rome  to  see  for  himself.  Priest's  Companion ;  new 
ed.,  1846, 12mo.  Signs  of  the  Times,  1849,  12mo.  An.'li- 
canism  considered  in  its  Results,  1851,  12mo.  Commeiits 
on  Dr.  Pusey's  Letter  to  the  Bp.  of  Loudon,  2d  ed.,  1851,  ' 
Svo.     Further  Comments,  1S51,  Svo.     Other  works. 

Dodwell,  Col.  Edward.  Classical  .and  Topographi- 
cal Tour  through  Greece,  1801,  '05,  '06,  Lon.,  1818,  2  vols 
4to.     70  Plates.     Pub.  at  £10  10s. 

"  By  far  the  best  work  on  Greece."— Da.  B.  D.  Clahke.  I 

"  This  work  displays  great  research,  aided  and  directed  by  much 
preparatory  knowledge,  and  a  sound  judgment  and  good  taste  "— 
Sttvemm's  rayages  and  Travels. 

Thirty  Views  in  Greece,  1821,  r.  fol.,  pub.  at  £18  ISs. 
Cyclopian  or  Pelasgio  Remains  in  Greece  and  Italy,  131 
drawings,  1834,  imp.  fol.     Pub.  at  £6  16«.  6d. 

Dodwell,  Henry,  1641-1711,  w.as  educated  at  Trinity 
College,  Dublin,  of  which  city  he  was  a  native.  In  1674 
he  adopted  London  as  his  residence,  and  in  1688  was  elected 
Camden  Professor  of  History  at  Oxford.  He  lost  this  post 
in  1691,  in  consequence  of  his  refusal  to  take  the  oaths  of 


DOI 

allegiance  to  William  and  Mary.  He  was  a  man  of  great 
learning  and  remarkable  industry.  Of  his  many  publica- 
tions we  notice  the  following:  Two  Letters  of  Advice, 
Dubl.,  1672,  Svo.  Separation  of  Churches  from  Episcopal 
Govt,  proved  Schismatical,  Lon.,  1679,  4to.  Reply  to  Rd. 
Baxter's  pretended  Confutation  of  the  above,  Ac,  1681, 
Svo.  DissertationesCyprianica-,  1682,  fol.  This  is  gene- 
rally appended  to  Bp.  Fell's  ed.  of  St.  Cyprian,  Oxf.,  1684, 
Svo.  Discourse  concerning  the  one  Altar  and  the  one 
Priesthood,  insisted  upon  by  the  Ancients  in  their  argu- 
ments against  Schism,  Lon.,  1683,  Svo.  De  Jure  Laioorum 
Ac,  1686,  Svo.  Prajlectiones  Academicse  in  Schola  His- 
torices  Camdeniana,  Oxf.,  1692,  Svo. 

''Highly  serviceal4e  to  all  such  as  shall  hereafter  engage  in  these 
studies." — Bp.  Nicolson. 

Annales  Velleiani,  Qvintilianei,  Statiani,  Oxf,  1698,  Svo ; 
1708,  Svo;  Lugd.  Bat,,  1719.  Annales  Thucydidei  et  Xeno- 
phontei,  Ac,  Synopsi  Chronologica,  Oxf.,  1702,  4to. 

'•Dodwell's  learning  was  immense;  in  this  part  of  history  espe- 
cially (that  of  the  Upper  Empire)  the  most  minute  fact  or  passage 
could  not  escape  him;  and  his  skill  in  employing  them  iseijualto 
his  learning.  The  worst  of  this  author  is  his  method  and  style; 
the  one  perplexed  beyond  imagination,  the  other  negligent  "to  a 
degree  of  barbarism." — GilAmi's  Miscellaneous  Works. 

De  Veteribus  Grsecorum  Romanorumque  cyclis,  Ac,  Oxf., 
1701,  4to.  An  Epistolary  Discourse,  proving,  from  the 
Scriptures  and  first  Fathers,  that  the  Soul  is  a  principle 
naturally  mortal,  but  immortalized  actually  by  the  ple.nsure 
of  God  to  punishment,  or  to  reward,  by  its  union  with  the 
divine  baptismal  spirit.  Wherein  is  proved  that  none  have 
the  power  of  giving  this  immortalizing  spirit  since  the 
Apostles,  but  only  the  Bishops,  Lon.,  1706,  Svo. 

•■  Its  absurdity  is  sn  evident,  that  only  the  character  of  Dodwell, 
and  the  seriousness  and  labour  with  which  he  defended  it.  could 
persuade  us  to  thiuk  that  he  believed  it  himself.  The  work  is  very 
curious,  as  a  specimen  of  the  torture  to  which  a  corrupted  creed  or 
system  is  capable  of  putting  the  Scriptures.  It  contains  some  sin- 
gular remarks  on  the  scriptural  distinction  between  lioul  and  spirit 
which  is  the  found.ition  f'f  his  whole  hypothesis." — Orme's  Bibl.  Bib. 
This  work  elicited  several  treatises  in  support  of,  and  in 
opposition  to,  Dodwell's  sentiments.  Among  the  writers 
were  John  Broughton.  D.D.,  H.  Layton,  W.  Coward,  M.D., 
F.  Gregory.  Saml.  Eold.  Danl.  Whitby,  Jos.  Pitts,  Edmund 
Chishull.  Thom:is  Mills,  and  Dr.  Samuel  Clarke.  The  last 
named  was  the  most  distinguished  of  the  opponents.  Dod- 
well believed  that  all  who  were  not  circumcised  under  the 
'  law,  and  all  who  are  not  baptized  under  the  gospel,  are 
condemned  to  annihilation  or  to  eternal  sleep.  Joseph 
J  Hallett  heM  the  same  opinion.  See  Dodwell's  Life,  with 
an  Account  of  his  Works,  and  an  Abridgment  of  them 
that  are  published,  and  of  several  of  his  MSS.  by  Francis 
Brokesby,  1715,  2  vols.  Svo;  2d  ed.,  1723,  2  vols.  Svo. 
_  Dodwell,  Henry,  eldest  son  of  the  preceding,  a  bar- 
rister, was  skeptical  in  his  opinions,  .and  pub.  in  1742  a 
tract  entitled  Christianity  not  founded  in  Argument.  It 
was  answered  by  Doddridge,  Leland,  and  the  author's  bro- 
ther William. 

Dodwell,  Wm.,  1709-1785,  younger  brother  of  the 
preceding,  became  Rector  of  Shottesbrooke,  Vicar  of  Buck- 
lersbury.  Prebendary  of  Salisbury,  and  Archdeacon  of 
Berks.  Ho  pub.  m.any  serms.  and  theolog.  treatises,  1743- 
67.  Serm.  on  a  Rational  Faith,  1745,  Svo.  This  is  an 
answer  to  his  brother  Henry's  (q.  v.)  Christianity  not 
founded  on  Argument.  Practical  Discourses.  1784-89,  2 
vols.  Svo.  Free  Answer  to  Dr.  Middleton's  Inquiry  into 
the  Mir.aculous  Powers  of  the  Primitive  Church,  1749,  Svo. 
The  Sick  Man's  Companion,  or  the  Clergyman's  Assistant 
in  Visiting  the  Sick,  1767,  Svo.  This  and  Paley's  work 
are  recommended  to  candidates  for  holy  orders  by  Bishop 
Van  Mildert.  The  Athanasian  Creed  vindicated  and  ex- 
plained in  three  Charges,  Oxf.,  1802,  sm.  Svo. 
Doe,  Charles.  AVorks  of  Grace,  Lon.,  Svo. 
Dogget,  Thomas,  an  actor  and  author,  d.  1721.  The 
Country  Wake  a  Comedy,  1696,  4to.  Altered  into  a  Ballad 
Farce,  under  the  title  of  Flora,  or  Hob  in  the  Well. 

Dogherty,  Mrs.  Ronaldsha,  lS08,3vols.  Castle  of 
Walforth  and  Mciuteagle,  1812,  4  vols. 

Dogherty,  Hngh.     The  Discovery,  1807,  12mo. 
Dogherty,  Thomas,  d.  1805.     'The  Crown  Circuit 
Assist.,  Lon.,  1787,  Svo;  Supplet.,  1787, '90,  Svo.     New  ed. 
of  Sir  Matt,  Hale's  Historia  Plsicilorum  Coronas;  the  Hist, 
of  the  Ple.as  of  the  Crown,  1800,  2  vols.  r.  Svo. 

Doig,  David,  d.  1800,  aged  81.  Two  Letters  on  the 
Savage  State;  addressed  to  the  late  Lord  Kames,  Lon, 
1792,  12mo.  Poem,  1796,  4to.  Dissert,  on  the  Ancient 
Hellenes,  in  Trans.  Roy.  Soc,  1794. 

Doig,  David.  To  this  gentleman  we  are  indebted  for 
the  able  article  on  Philology  in  the  7th  ed.  Encyc  Brit. 

"A  production  evincing  uncommon  learning,  research,  and'in- 
genuity."_J3aWi  Herald.  .      » ." 


DOL 


^ork 


,  with 


Dolben,  John,  1625-lGSB,  educated  at  Christ  Church, 
Oxford;  Prebendary  of  St.  Paul's,  1061;  Bishoi)  of  Ko- 
chester,  1666;  Archbishop  of  York,  1683. 

"  He  w.is  not  vpry  rarrful  to  priut  his  sermons,  irbich  mucU  Oi- 
serve  to  be  printed.'"— ^U'Cn.  Oj-(.i?.  ^  -ices. 

Vfo  know  of  only  three  that  were  pub.,  viz. :  two  m  IbbS , 
and  one  in  1666,  all  iu  4to. 

Dolben,  Sir  John,  D.D.,  Prebend  of  Durham.  Con- 
ciu  ad  elerum.  on  Heb.  .\ii.  1,  1726,  4to. 

Dolby,  Richard.  The  Cook's  Dictionary  and  House- 
keeper's Directory,  Lon..  p.  Svo.  ,i.,  pi„.i=tp^ 

"  It  appears  to  cont-nin  .ill  that  the  veriest  K<>".™''"''V'f H^Jolt  , 
dom  would  siuh  lor,  in  a  life  like  Methu..alem  s.  with    a  throat  a 
vard  lonR.  and  prilate  all  the  nay.'  "—Lon.  Lady  s  Mag. 
'    Dolby,  Thomas.    The  Shaksperian  Dictionary,  Lon., 
1832.  Svo  and  12mo.     An  excellent  book.     _ 

Doleman,  John.     Trans,  of  tho  Questions  of  Cicero, 

^'''Dolc'man,  Nic  or  Robert.     See  Parross,  Robert. 
Doler,  Sir  Daniel.     Charges  to  Grand  Junes,  Lon., 
1625,  '26. 

Dolland.     See  Doi.lond.  „...„,•> 

Dollman,  Francis  T.  Examples  of  Ancient  Pnlpits 
cxistiu-  in  England,  Lon.,  1840,  r.  4to  ;  30  plates,  three  of 
which  are  highly  finished  in  colours,  restored  accurately 
from  the  existing  indications. 

DoUond,  John,  1708-1761,  the  discoverer  of  the  laws 
of  the  dispersion  of  light,  anil  the  inventor  of  the  achro- 
matic tclescoi.e.  lie  pub.  a  number  of  papers  on  telescopes, 
Ac.  iu  Phil.  Trans.,  1753,  '58. 

Dollond,  Peter,  1730-1820,  son  of  the  preceding. 
Account  of  the  Discovery  made  by  John  Dollond,  ke..  Lon., 
1789  4to.     Con.  to  Phil.  Tran.5.  on  Light,  Ac,  1772,  '79,  '95. 
Dolman,  Nic.  or  Robert.     See  Parsons,  Robert. 
Domekins,  George  Peter.     Philosophia;  Mathe- 
matics Newtonian*  IlUistrata;,  Lon.,  1730.  2  vols.  Svo. 

Domerham,  Adam  de.     Historica  de  Rebus  Gestis 
Glastoniensibus,  Edit.  Th.  Hearne,  Oxon.,  1727,  2  vols.  8to. 
Domelt,  Philobeth.     Serm.,  1741,  Svo. 
Doraier,  >Vm.,  M.D.    Observ.  on  Malta  as  a  place  for 
invalids.  Lon.,  1810,  Svo.  „    ,       .       t         ,-oo 

Dominicet,  R.,  M.D.     Water  Baths,  Ac,  Lon.,  li  SO, 
8to      Medical  Anecdotes  of  the  last  30  years,  illustrated 
with  Medical  Truths,  1781,  Svo.    AmpthUl  Medicine  Baths, 
1788,  Svo. 
Dominick,  Andrew,  D.D.    Serm.,  1662,  4to. 
Don,  David.    Prodromus  Flora;  Nepalensis;  Plants 
in  Nepal  and  adjacent  Countries,  1S25,  12mo.     Th 
contains  systematical  descriptions  in  Latin  of  371  gene 
and  864  species  of  plants.     At  the  end  is  an  Index,  wi 
reference  to  the  Linna>an  classes  and  orders. 

>■  An  exceedingly  useful  work."— ^Vf  i'«o/  Literattirc  and  FaiJam. 
Don,  George.  System  of  G.ardening  and  Botany, 
Lon.,  1831-38,  4  vols.  r.  4to,  pp.  3250  ;  jnany  illustrations. 
This  invaluable  work,  founded  on  Miller's  Gardener's  Dic- 
tionary, although  pub.  at  £14  S«.  per  copy,  and  costing  in 
paper  and  piint"alone  upwards  of  £8,  can  now  be  had  for 
about  thirty  shillings.  The  excellence  of  the  work  need 
not  bo  enlarged  upon.  Every  oue  who  has  a  garden  or 
field  should  have  Don's  Dictionary. 

Don,  James.  Hortus  Cautabrigieusis ;  13th  ed.  by 
P.  N.  Don,  Lon..  Svo.  This  edition  includes  the  additions 
and  improvements  of  the  former  editors,  Pursh,  Lindley, 
and  Sinclair. 

Donald,James.  LandDrainage,&c.,Lon.,lS51,12mo. 
"A  most  valuable  addition  to  the  former  treatises  on  draining: 
the  author  shows  a  true  practice,  and  a  large  comprehension."— 
Xt07iaUhnn's  AgrirnU.  Hiog.  ,,     .        ,  , 

Donald,  Robert.  New  System  of  National  and 
Practical  Agriculture,  Guilford,  1822,  12ino.  Written  in 
hexameter  verse !     Other  pieces  are  included. 

"  The  poetry  is  nothing,  but  the  practical  ideas  perfectly  sound 
and  correct." — Ubi  supra. 

Donaldson.  Picktooth  for  Swearers,  or  a  Looking- 
glass  for  Atheists  and  Prophane  Persous,  Edin.,  1698, 12mo. 
In  verse. 

Donaldson,  James.  Tilling  and  Manuring  tho 
Groundin  ScolLand,Edin.,1697.12mo.  Husbandry  Anatom- 
ized. Lon.,  1697.  12mo.  Highly  commended  by  Scotch 
agricultural  writers. 

Donaldson,  James.  Modern  Agriculture,  Edin., 
1793-96,  6  vols.  Svo.     Other  agricnlt.  works. 

"  lie  treats  the  subjects  that  come  under  his  view  in  a  very  judi- 
cious and  cnli;htonrd  manner."— Don.i!rfs(m's  Agrioidl.Biog.,q.v. 
Donaldson,  John,  1737-lSOl,  an  artist,  a  native  of 
Edinburgh.     Elements  of  Beauty,  Ac,  Edin.,  1780,  Svo. 
Vol.  of  Poems. 

Donaldson,  John.     Works  on  Political  Economy. 
&c.,  1790-96. 
512 


BON 

Donaldson,  Professor  John,  ,an  eminent  agricul- 
turist. Treatise  on  Manures  and  Grasses,  Lon.,  1842,  8vu; 
2d  cd.,  1846,  Svo. 

■■  liy  far  the  best  treatise  on  manures  that  has  appeared.  —Lmir 
dons  Gurdener's  Mag.,  April,  1842. 

Cultivated  Plants  of  the  Farm,  1847,  12mo.  The  Ene- 
mies to  Agriculture,  184S,  12mo.  Land  Steward  and  Farm 
Bains',  1848,  Svo.  Bayldon's  Art  of  Valuing  Rents  and 
Tillages  ;  5th  ed.  rewritten  and  enlarged  by  J.  Donaldson, 
'•rewritten  by  one  of  the  best  practical  agriculturists  in  the 
country." — Gardener's  Mag.  _ 

"This  work  should  be  read  by  every  one  having  an  interest 
in  the  soil,  whether  as  landlord,  tenant,  or  agent." — Mark  Lane 
Express, 

Improved  Farm  Buildings,  with  72  designs,  1851,  4to. 
Clay  Lands  and  Loamy  Soils,  1852, 12mo.  Soils  and  Ma- 
nures, 1852,  12mo.  Agricultural  Biography,  1480-1854, 
Lon.,  1854,  Svo.  This  excellent  work  includes  the  lists  of 
Weston  and  Loudon,  and  contains  other  works  not  known 
to  them.  Wo  have  frequently  had  occasion  to  quote  it  in 
the  present  volume,  and  are  pleased  to  acknowledge  our 
obligations. 

Donaldson,  Rev.  John  Wm.  Latin,  Greek,  and 
Hebrew  Grammars,  and  others  educational  and  classical 
works,  Lon.,  1839-53. 

Donaldson,   Joseph.     Recollections  of  a  Soldier, 
Edin.,  12mo. 
*'  "We  cordially  recommend  the  work." — Scottish  Guardian, 
Donaldson,  T.  L.     Works  on  Architecture,  1S33-47- 
Donaldson,  Thomas.     Serm.,  1734,  Svo. 
Donaldson,  Thomas.     Poems,  1S09.  Svo. 
Donaldson,  Walter,  a  native  of  Aberdeen,  of  the 
17th  century.     Synopsis  Moralis  Philosophic,  1604,  Svo  , 
Franc,  1622,  12mo.     Synopsis  Locorum  commnnium,  4c.. 
Franc,  1612.     .Synopsis  (Economica,  Paris,  1620. 

Donaldson,"VVm.  Agriculture  considered  as  a  Moral 
and  Political  Duty,  in  Letters  to  his  Majesty,  1775,  Svo. 

'•  The  letteis  are  'wholly  retrospective  and  argumentative,  and 
brim;  forward  no  new  plan  of  comprehension,  nor  make  any  sug- 
gestion of  ioiportance."— -DonaWsoti's  AgriaiU.  Biag, 

Donat,  .llrs.,  and  lllrs.  Hudson.  Cookery.lS04,8vo. 
Done,  Wm.  Stafford,  D.D.,  Prebendary  of  Lincoln, 
and  Archdeacon  of  Bcdl'ord.     Serms.,  Lon.,  17S6,  Svo. 
Dongworth.  Richard.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1708.  4to. 
Donkin,  Major.     Military  Collections  and  Remarks, 
N.  York,  1777,  Svo. 

"  Published  for  the  benefit  of  the  Children  and  «  idows  of  tne 
valiant  soldiers  inhunianlv  and  w.intonly  butchered,  when  peace- 
.ably  marchioK  to  and  from  Concord,  April  19, 1775,  by  the  Kebels. 
— introductifm.  ,  i.      *    «».    tt 

"  This  work  contains  several  anecdotes.  Ac,  relative  to  tlie  \\  ar 
of  Independence." — IiicKs  Bill.  Arntr.  jVava. 
A  volume  of  great  rarity. 

Donn,  Abraham,  of  Bidford,  171S-1746.  Mathemr.t. 
works  pub.  by  his  brother,  Benjamin  Donn. 

Donn,  Benjamin,  of  Bidford,  1729-1798,  brother  of 
the   preceding.     Mathemat.  Essays,  1758,  Svo.     Map  of 
Devon  and  Exeter,  Lon.,  1765,  fol.     Other  works,  1766-74. 
Donn,  James.     Sec  Don. 
Donne,  B.     The  use  of  Georganon. 
Donne,  Renj.     English  History,  1312,  ISmo. 
Donne,  Daniel.     Semis.,  1623. 
Donne,  John,  1573-1631,  an  eminent  divine  and  poet, 
was  a  native  of  Limdon,  and  educated  in  the  principles  of 
tho  Church  of  Rome,  of  which  his  parents  were  devoted 
adherents.     He  studied  both  at  Oxford  and  Cambridge, 
and  distinguished  himself  greatly  by  his  remarkable  pro- 
ficiency.    In  his  19th  year  he  subjected  the  respective 
cl.aims  of  the  Church  of  England  and  that  of  Rome  to  a 
careful  examination,  which  resulted  in  his  embracing  the 
communion  of  tho  former.     He  pursued  for  some  time  the 
=tudy  of  the  law,  but  upon  inheriting  some  £3000  from  his 
father,  he  determined  to  follow  his  taste,  and  devote  him- 
self to  literary  pursuits.     Having  tho  good  fortune  to  secure 
the  post  of  secretary  to  Lord  Chancellor  Ellesmere,  he 
gained  the  afi'ections  of  his  lady's  niece,  a  daughter  of  Sir 
George  Moore,  Lieutenant  of  the  Tower,  and  a  private  mar- 
riage w.as  the  result.     Great  was  the  indignation  of  the 
stern  father,  and  the  young  bridegroom  lost  his  situation, 
and  was  actually  for  a  time  imprisoned  in  the  Tower. 

When  42  years  of  .age,  at  Ihe  urgent  solicitation  of  King 
James  I.,  he  was  ordained,  and  soon  became  so  famous  as 
an  eloquent  preacher,  that  he  had  the  offer  of  14  different 
livings  within  the  first  year  of  his  ministry.  In  1621  ho 
was  appointed  Dean  of  St.  Paul's.  He  enjoyed  great  repu- 
tation as  a  poet,  being  placed  at  the  head  of  the  Metaphy- 
sical School ;  and  after  long  neglect  has  received  some 
attention  within  the  last  few  years;  but  his  poetry  is  not 
of  a  character  calculated  to  gain  extensive  popularity.     He 


DON 

excelled  in  complimentary  addresses,  epigrams,  satires, 
elegies,  and  poems  of  a  tlieologieal  ebaracter. 

Among  his  most  remarliable  productions  are :  Pseudo- 
Martyr,  Lon.,  1610,  4to.  Polydoron.  I60I,  12iuo.  Juve- 
nilia; or  Paradoxes  and  Proldems,  Id.'iS,  4to.  A  Paradox 
or  Thesis  on  Self-homicide,  1644,  4to.  Paradoxes,  Pro- 
blems, Essays,  and  Characters,  1652,  8vo.  His  sermons, 
which,  perhaps,  have  been  more  generally  admired  than 
bis  lighter  works,  were  pub.  in  3  vols,  fol.,  1640,  '49,  '60. 
They  are  now  very  rare,  especially  the  3d  vol.  A  collec- 
tive edit,  of  his  poems,  including  Elegies  on  the  author's 
death,  was  pub.  in  1633,  4to;  1635, '39, '51,'6!M2mo;  with 
some  Account  of  the  Author,  1719,  12mo.  A  new  ed.  of 
his  Works,  including  his  Sermons,  Devotions,  Poems.  Let- 
ters, <to.,  with  a  new  Memoir  by  the  Rev.  Henry  Alford, 
was  pub.  in  1S39,  in  0  vols.  Svo,  Oxford.  We  presume  that 
this  edition  was  suggested  by  the  following  query  in  the 
London  Quarterly: 

"  We  cannot,  in  passing,  forbear  repeatinj;  Mr.  Cnleridce's  ques- 
tion, (Table  Talk.  p.  88, 2d  edit.,) 'Why  are  not  Donne's  volumes  of 
sermons  repriutod  at  Oxford!'  Surely  the  character  of  some  of  his 
juvenile  jwcHis  cannot  be  the  reason!  .  .  .  Why  does  Oxford  .hIIow 
one  hundred  and  thirty  sermons  ol" the  greatest  j>r(uc/i' r.  at  least, 
of  the  seventeenth  century — theadmired  of  all  hearers — to  remain 
all  but  totally  unknown  to  the  student  in  divinity  of  the  Church 
of  Kngland.  and  to  tb,-  literary  world  in  general?""— lix.  6.  1^:17. 

The  reader  should  peruse  Izaak  Walton's  Life  of  Donne : 
his  description  of  him  as  a  preacher  is  truly  eloquent: 

"A  preacher  in  earnest;  weeping  sometimes  tl'r  his  auditory, 
sometimes  with  them ;  always  preaching  to  himsel  t"  like  an  Angel 
from  a  cloud,  but  in  none;  carrying  some,  as  St.  I'aul  was.  to  hea- 
ven in  holy  raptures;  and  enticing  others  by  a  rticred  art  and 
courtship  to  amend  their  lives;  here  picturing  a  vice  so  as  to  make 
it  ugly  to  those  that  practised  it.  and  a  virtu,'  so  as  to  make  it  be- 
loved  even  by  those  who  Joved  it  not;  and  all  this  with  a  most 
particular  grace  and  an   inexpressible  addition  of  comeliness." 

Dryden  calls  Donne 

**The  greatest  wit,  though  not  the  greatest  poet,  of  our  nation." 

See  Biog.  Brit. ;  Walton's  Life  by  Zouch;  Drake's  Shak- 
speare  and  his  Times;  Retrosp.  Rev.,  yiii.  31,  1S23. 

Douue,  John,  LL.D.,  son  of  the  preceding.  The 
Humble  Petition  of  Covent  Garden  against  Dr.  John  Ba- 
ber,  a  physician,  1662.  Dr.  John  Donne,  Jr.,  docs  not 
seem  to  have  maintained  the  fiimily  honours ; 

"  lie  was  no  better  all  his  lifetime  than  an  atheistical  buffoon, 
ft  banterer,  and  a  persou  of  over-free  thoughts." — Wood. 

Donne,    William    Bodham.      1.  E^saya   on   the 
Drama,  Lon.,  1857,  p.  Svo.     2.  School   History  of  Rome, 
'1857. 

Donnegan,  James,  M.D.  Greek-and-English  Lexi- 
con, Lon.,  1826,  Svo;  4th  ed.,  1842,  Svo;  1846. 

"An  important  acquisition  to  such  of  our  countrymen  as  are 
desirous  of  gaining  a  knowledge  of  the  Greek  language."— Da 
MilTBT,  Bisimp  of  Durham. 

Donnel,  J.  A,,  M.D.     Hydrophobia,  1813,  Svo. 

Donoghue.     Poems,  1797,  '99. 

Dououghmore,  Earl  of.  See  Hutchinson,  Rich- 
ard H. 

Donovan,  Edward.  Works  on  British  Natural  Hist., 
viz.:  Insects,  16  vols.;  Birds,  10  vols.;  Shells,  5  vols.; 
Fishes,  5  vols. ;  Quadrupeds,  3  vols. ;  together  39  vols.  8vo| 
pub.  .at  £6  6«.  9rf.  Nat.  Hist,  of  the  Insects  of  China; 
new  ed.  by  J.  0.  Westwood,  1842,  4to,  pub.  at  £6  6«.  Nat. 
Hist  of  the  Insects  of  India,  by  J.  0.  Westwood,  1842,  4to. 

"Donovan's  works  on  the  Insects  of  India  and  China  are  splen- 
didly illustrated,  and  extremely  xxsefairSaturaliit. 

"A  great  number  of  species  are  here  delineated  for  the  first 
time. — SwAiNsoN. 

^  Instructions  for  preserving  Natural  Subjects.  Descrip- 
tive Excursions  through  South  Wales  and  Monmouthshire. 
1805,  2  vols.  Svo. 

"  A  work  of  high  and  various  merit." — Lon.  AnnnalSeview. 

Naturalist's  Repository  of  Exotic  History,  5  vols.  r.  Svo, 
pub.  at  £10  10«.     Other  works. 

Mr.  D.  was  so  fortunate  as  to  he  able  to  add  to  his  valuable 
collection  that  of  E.  M.  Da  Costa,  7.  v. 

Donovan,  3oi\n.     Scorbutic  Diseases,  4c.,  Svo. 

Donovan,  Michael.  Treatise  on  Chemistry,  4th  ed., 
1845,  2  vols.  12mo. 

"  The  best  existing  compendium  of  chemical  knowledge." — Edin. 
E.  Coiirant. 

Donovan,  Patrick.  Discursus,  &c.  S.  Patricii  Iber- 
norum  Apostoli,  Duaci,  1617.  ]2mo. 

Donnelly,  R.     Chancery  Cases,  1S37,  Svo. 

Doolittle,  Mark,  a  lawyer,  was  horn  in  Massachu- 
setts in  1781,  graduated  at  Yale  College,  1804.  Agricul- 
tural Address,  1826,  26  pp.  Svo.  Temperance  a  Source  of 
National  Wealth,  pp.  13,  Svo.  Hist,  of  the  Congregational 
Church  of  Belchertown.  JIass.,  282  pp.  12mo. 

Doolittle,  Samuel,  d.  1717.     Serms.,  Ac.,  1692, '93. 

Doolittle,  Thomas,  1630-1707,  an  eminent  Non- 
33 


DOR 

Conformist  divine,  pub.  a  number  of  theolog.  works,  1665 

-98.     The  Complete  Body  of  Practic:il  Divinity,  1723,  fol. 

"  I  am  willing  this  should  be  a  fire-kindler  for  you  "and  put  you 

in  the  way  to  set  conscience  about  its  work  when  you  come  to  that 

ai>plication  with  which  your  sermons  are  still  to  be  enlivened." 

Cotton  M^tiif.r. 

Dopping,  Dr.,  Bishop  of  Meath,  IreLand.  Moduste- 
nendi  Parliumentnm  in  Hil)ernia,  Dubl.,  1692,  12mo;  1722, 
Svo.  Funl.  Scrm.  on  the  Death  of  the  Archbp.  of  Dublin, 
1694.  4to. 

Doran,  John,  LL.D.,  b.  1807,  in  London,— family 
originally  of  Drogheda.  in  Ireland.  He  was  educated 
chiefly  by  his  father.  lOs  literary  bent  was  manifested  at 
the  a;,'e  of  15,  when  he  produced  the  melodrama  of  (1)  the 
"  Wandering  Jew,"  which  was  first  played  at  the  Surrey 
Theatre  in  1822  for  Tom  Blanchard's  benefit.  His  early 
years  were  spent  in  Fr.ance.  He  was  successively  private 
tutor  in  four  of  the  noblest  families  in  Great  Britain.  2. 
History  of  the  Borough  and  Castle  of  Reading,  Berks, 
1832.  This  work  obtained  for  him  the  degree  of  M.A., 
and  subsequently  LL.D.,  by  the  University  of  Marbury. 
3.  Anthon's  Xenophon's  Anabasis,  with  Notes,  1846.  4. 
Life  of  Dr.  Young;  which  is  prefixed  to  Tegg's  valuable 
edition  of  that  poet's  works.  6.  In  connexion  with  Mrs. 
Rouier,  Filia  Dolorosa,  1863.  Although  Mrs.  R.'s  name 
aiipcars  on  the  title-page,  she  had  written  but  a  few  pages 
when  she  was  attacked  by  a  fatal  illness ;  the  work  was 
chiefly  written  by  Dr.  Doran.  fi.  Table  Traits  and  Some- 
thing on  them.  7.  ILibits  and  Men.  8.  Knights  and  their 
Day.s.  9.  Qui  ens  of  England  of  the  House  of  Hanover. 
10.  Monarchs  retired  from  Business.  11.  History  of  Court 
Fools. 

"  -Any  thing  more  quaint,  subtle,  and  surprising  than  Dr.  Doran'fl 
tale  of  the  origin  of  court  fools  is  scarcely  to  be  found  in  the  pages 
of  the  greatest  and  must  genial  humourists." — L'm.  At/ten. 

The  above  works,  Nos.  6-11,  have  passed  through 
various  edits,  and  have  been  reprinted  in  the  U.S.  Edited 
a  weekly  paper  for  nearly  eleven  years,  and  Bentley's 
Ballads,  to  which  he  contributed  some  original  pieces;  also 
Last  Journals  of  Uor:ice  Walpole,  1772-1782.  Contrib. 
largely,  in  prose  and  verse,  to  various  periodicals. 

Dorcaster,  Nicholas.     The  Confession  of  the  Ba- 
nished Ministers,  Wyttonburge,  1554,  16mo. 
Dore,  James.     Semis.,  ic,  17S6-1S06. 
Dorislaus,  Jo.  J.  C.     Prielium  Nuportanum,  Lon., 
1640,  4 to. 
Dorman.     Sir  Roger  do  Coverloy,  1740,  Svo. 
"  A  wretcbi'd  plav." — Biag.  Dnimnt. 

Dorman,  Thomas,  a  R.  Catholic  writer,  d.  1572-77  ? 
pub.  several  controver.«ial  tracts,  1564,  '65,  '67.  See  Athen. 
Oxon. 

Dorman,  or  Dormer,  Wm.  12  Serms.  preached  at 
the  Rolls  Chapel,  Lon.,  1743,  sm.  Svo. 

Dormer,  John,  e  Soc.  Jes.  Usury  Explained;  or 
Conscience  ([uieted  in  the  Case  of  putting  out  Money  to 
Interest,  nncn..  Lon.,  1696,  Svo. 

Dornan,  Robert.  Emancipation;  a  Poem,  Lon., 
1814,  Svo, 

Dorney.     Certain  Speeches,  1653. 
Dorney,  Henry.     Divine  Contemplations,  16S4,  Svo. 
Dorney,  John.     Siege  of  Gloucester,  1643,  4to. 
Dornford,  J.     Hist,  and  Polit.  works,  1785-90. 
Dornlbrd,  Robert.     Gospel  Light,  1652,  12mo. 
Dorr,  Benjamin,  D.D.,  b.  1796,  in  M:issachusetts, 
grad.  at  Dartmouth  Coll.,  1S17;  ordained  Deacon  by  Bp. 
Hobart,  1820,  and    Priest,  1823;   Rector   of  the    United 
Churches  of  Lansingburg  and  Waterford,  N.  Y.,  1820-29  ; 
Rector  of  Trinity  Church.  Utica,  N.  Y.,  1829-35  ;  succeeded 
Rt.  Rev.  Bishop  White  in  Christ  Church,  Phil.,  1S37  ;  reed, 
honorary  degree  D.D.  from  Univ.  of  Penn.,  1838;  elected 
Bishop  of  Maryland,  1839,  but  declined  accepting  the  office. 
Hist.  Pocket  Prayer  Book,  written  by  itself,  16mo.    Church- 
man's M,anu.al,  12mo.     Recognition  of  Friends  in  Another 
World,  32mo.     History  of  Christ  Church,  Phila.,  12mo,  pp. 
430.     Sunday  School  'I'eacher's  Encouragement,  32mo,  i>p. 
52.     Prophecies  and  Types,  12mo,  pp.  72.     Invitation  to 
the   Holy  Communion,  16mo,  pp.  144.       Travels  in    the 
East,  1856,  12mo. 

"Dr.  Dorr's  works  have  had  an  extensive  circulatirn  among 
churchmen  in  the  United  States,  and  have  been  republished  iu 
England  and  the  British  I'roviuces." 

Dorr,  Julia  C.  R.,  b.  1825,  at  Charleston,  South  Caro- 
lina, the  daughter  of  Mr.  Win.  Y.  Ripley,  and  wife  of  Mr. 
Seneca  M.  Dorr,  has  resided  since  her  marriage  at  Chatham 
Four  Corners,  Columbia  county.  New  Y'ork.  She  com- 
menced publication  in  1848,  .and  since  then  has  contributed 
many  prose  and  poetical  articles  to  the  periodicals  of  the 
day.  Her  writings  have  been  much  admired. 
Dorrel,  Iladriau.     Wiilobie   his  Avisa,  or  the  true 

S13 


DOR 


DOU 


Pii'ture  of  a  modcpt  Maide,  and  of  a  cbast  and  constant 
Witt!,  Lull.,  1609.  -Ito. 

Dorrell,  John.     See  Darrei.l. 

Dorrington,  Theop.  Reformed  Devotions,  Lon., 
1687,  8vn;  1701.  Family  Devotions,  3d  ed.,  1703,  4  vols. 
8vo.     Other  works. 

Dorset.  Essaj'on  Defensive  War.  Philosophic  Venus. 
Condolence;  an  Elegiac  Poem. 

Dorset,  Mrs.  PeariK'k  at  Hume  and  other  Poems.  1809. 

Dorset  and  Pembroke,  Anne,  Countess  ol'. 
See  Clifford. 

Dorset,  Charles  Sackville,  Earl  of,  1037-1706, 
"Was  a  great  favourite  with  the  wits  uf  the  day.  He  wrot« 
a  few  satires  and  songs,  whiih  possess  considerahle  merit. 
His  most  celebrated  piece  was  a  Song  written  at  Sea  dur- 
ing the  Dutch  war,  1665,  the  Night  before  an  Engagement, 
"To  all  you  Ladies  now  on  land,"  &c. 

"I  would  instance  your  lotdship  iu  satire,  and  Shakspeare  in 
tra(jedy." — Dryd-n  to  Dorfit. 

"  There  is  a  lustre  iu  his  verses  like  that  of  the  sun  in  Claude 
Lorraine's  landscapes." — Prior. 

His  poems  will  be  found  in  Johnson's  Collection. 

"  He  wasaman  whose  elej^ance  and  jud-rnieiit  were  universally 
confi'ssed.  and  whose  bounty  to  the  iL-arued  and  witty  was  j^enerally 
known." — Life  by  Dr.  Jolnis(m. 

Dorset,  Charles  Sackville,  Duke  of,  1711-1769, 
pub.  a  number  of  prose  and  puctical  coinpusitions.  a  list 
of  which  will  be  fuuud  iu  Park's  Walpnle's  R.  and  N.  Au- 
thors. 

Dorset,  Etlward  Sackville,  Earl  of,  1590-1652. 
Speeches,  1620,  '-12,  '43,  '4L 

'•  A  person  of  acute  parts,  who  had  a  great  conmiand  of  bis  pen, 
and  was  of  able  elocution." — Wood. 

"  Uis  wit  was  pleasant,  spa^klinb^  and  sublime." — Lord  Cl.\ren- 

DON. 

Dorset,  Richard  Sackville,  Earl  of,  d.  1 677,wrotc 
a  poetical  address  to  tiic  Memory  of  Ben  Jonsun. 

Dorset,  Thomas  Sackville,  Earl  of,  and  Eord 
Buckhurst,  1536-l(iOS,  was  not  mure  distinguished  for 
bis  high  official  position — Lord  High  Treasurer  of  England 
— than  for  the  excellence  of  his  poetical  compositions.  We 
have  already  referred  to  his  masterpiece.  The  Induction 
to  the  Mirrour  for  Magistrates,  (see  Balhwis,  William,) 
and  he  wrote  two  pieces  of  considerable  length  in  this  cele- 
brated collection.  Warton  gives  Packville  the  merit  of 
being  the  primary  inventor  of  the  design,  but  Haslewood 
confers  it  upon  Baldwin.  See  authorities  referred  to  in 
article  Baldwin,  William.  Sackville  is  the  author,  or 
joint-author  with  Thomas  Norton,  of  the  first  tragedy  of 
any  consideration  in  the  English  language:  Ferrer  and 
Porrex,  commonly  called  Gorbuduc,  1565,  4to.  Warton 
questions  Kortou's  claim  to  any  share  in  the  authorship, 
but  the  three  first  acts  are  attributed  to  him.  Gorboduc  is 
in  five  acts,  and  in  regular  blank  verse,  though  Wood  tells 
us  that  it  is  written  in  "old  English  rhyme!" — so  much 
had  it  become  neglected.  Pope  determined  to  revive  it, 
and  Spence  aided  the  design  by  acting  as  editor,  and  a  new 
edit,  was  pub.  in  1736.  Svo.  Warton  considers  the  plot  to 
bo  *'  naked  and  uninteresting,"  but  remarks : 

"  Yf  t  it  must  be  granted  that  the  language  of  Gorboduc  has  great 
purity  and  perspicuity;  and  that  it  is  entirely  free  from  that  tumid 
phraseology  which  does  not  seem  to  have  taken  place  till  play-writ- 
ing had  become  a  trade,  and  our  poet^^  found  it  their  interest  to 
captivate  the  multitude  by  th«  false  sublime,  and  by  those  exag- 
gerated imageries  and  pedantic  metijthors  whii'h  are  the  blemishes 
of  the  scenes  of  Shakspeare.  and  whirh  are  at  this  day  mistaken 
for  his  capital  beauties  by  too  many  readers.  Here  also  we  have 
another  and  a  strongest  reason  why  this  play  was  never  ponular." 
—Histfny  of  English  B>dry. 

The  same  eminent  authority  conceives  the  Induction  to 
the  Mirrour  for  Magistrates  to  have  been  the  model  of 
Spenser  in  the  representation  of  allegorical  personages, 
and  he  remarks  that  The  Complaiut  of  Henry,  Duke  of 
Buckingham,  is  written 

■'  W  ith  a  force  and  even  elegance  of  expression,  a  copiousness  of 
jihraseulngy.  and  an  exactness  of  versification,  not  to  bo  found  in 
any  other  part  of  the  collection." 

Lord  Buckhurst's  Poetical  Works  were  reprinted  in  1820. 
A  Latin  Epistle  of  his  lordship's  will  be  found  prefixed  to 
Bartholomew  Gierke's  Latin  trans,  of  Castiglione's  Courtier. 

"  Gorboduc  is  full  of  stately  speeches  and  well-sounding  phrases, 
clyming  to  the  height  of  Seneca  his  stvle,  and  as  full  of  notable 
moralitie,  which  it  doth  most  delightfully  teach,  and  so  obtayuo 
tho  very  end  of  poesie."— .SVr  Philip  Sidne.y''s  D'fnio:  of  Bxsic. 

"In  hisgraveryears,  thebrilliancvof  hisimaL'ination  grew  more 
coiTect,  not  less  abundant."'— //./n  Wtlpole's  Jt.aiidl^.  Authors,  q.  v. 

See  CoUins's  Peerage  by  Brydges;  Biog.  Brit.;  Brit. 
Bibliog.;  Athen.  Oxon.;  Puttenham's  Art  of  Poetry. 

Dorsey,  Clement.  Test  Law  of  Maryland,  Bait., 
IS.'^S,  Rvo.     Statutory,  Ac.  Law,  1693-1839,  3  vols.  Svo. 

Dorsey,  John  L.     Insolvency,  Bait..  1832,  Svo. 

Dorsey,  John  Syng,  M.D.,  17S3-1S18,  an  eminent 


physician  of  Philadelphia.  Eleraentsof  Surgery,  1813, 2  vols. 
Svo.  Cooper's  Surgery,  with  Notes.  Con.  to  periodicals. 
See  Thacher's  Amer.  Med.  Biog. 

Dorsey,  W.  Ejectment  in  Maryland,  with  Notes  and 
Beferences  to  the  Present  Time,  by  R.  W.  Gill,  1841. 

Borville.     Pauline,  1794,  2  vols.  12mo. 

Dossie,  Robert.  Works  on  Chemistry,  Surgery, 
Ac,  Lf.n..  1758-70.  Memoirs  of  Agriculture.  Ac,  1768-82, 
3  vida.  Svo:  commended  by  Donaldson's  Agricult.  Biog. 

Doubleday.     Con.  to  Med.  Obs.  and  Inq.,  1778. 

Doubleday,  Edward,  1810-1849.  1.  Nomenclature 
of  British  Birds,  Lon.,  p.  Svo.  2.  Genera  of  Diurnal  Lepi- 
doptera,  40  parts  imp.  4toj  80  coloured  plates  :  commended 
by  Lon.  Eclcc.  Hev. 

Doubleday,  Thomas*  True  Law  of  Population. 
Lon.,  Svo ;  3d  ed.,  1853.  Financial  and  Monetary  History, 
1688-1847.  Svo.  1847. 

"  A  very  able,  painstaking,  and  useful  exposition  of  the  origin, 
progress,  and  evil  consequences  resulting  from  our  funding  sys- 
tem."— Ij'»i.  Atlos. 

Other  works. 

Douce,  Francis,  1757-1S34.  an  antiquary  of  great 
learning.  "The  Purson  of  old  English  and  French  Litera- 
ture," was  for  some  time  keeper  of  the  MSS.  in  the  British 
Museum.  Mr.  NuUekens,  the  sculptor,  lelt  him  a  large 
legacy,  which  i)l:ued  him  in  very  comfortable  circum- 
stances, though  it  does  not  seem  to  have  softened  his  irri- 
table temper. 

'"Xulliusaddictus  jurare  in  verba  magistrij'seemed,  of  all  others, 
to  be  the  motto  by  which  he  was  guided — the  pivot  upon  which  his 
intellectual  machinery  turned.  This  necessaiily  at  times  led  him 
into  errors,  if  not  into  scrapes.  lie  would  neither  bend  nor  bow 
to  any  man  breathing." — Dibdin's  Rrminisccncvs. 

He  is  introduced  in  the  Bibliomania  under  the  nnmc  of 
pROSPERO,  and  many  references  to  him  and  his  valuable 
library  will  l>e  found  in  the  two  works  just  named,  and  also 
in  The  Bibliographical  Decameron.  An  interesting  obituary 
notice  by  Wm.  Weller  Singer  will  he  found  in  the  Gent. 
Mag.  for  Aug.,  1834.  In  addition  to  the  two  works  pub. 
under  his  own  name,  Mr.  Douce  contributed  largely  to 
many  works  pub.  by  others,  and  a  number  of  papers  to  the 
Arcbienlogia  and  to  the  Gent.  Mag. 

He  left  a  large  collection  of  valuable  MSS.,  which — in 
consequence  of  a  hostile  review  of  his  Illustrations  of 
Shakspeare  in  the  Edin.  Review — be  ordered  to  be  kept  in 
a  sealed  box  in  the  British  Museum  until  January  1,  1900, 
when  they  are  to  be  brought  to  light. 

The  IUustrati<ms  of  Shakspeare  and  of  Ancient  Man- 
ners, with  Dissertations  on  the  Clowns  and  Fools  of  Shak- 
speare, on  the  collection  of  popular  tales  entitled  Gesta  Ko- 
manorum.  and  on  the  English  Morris  Dance,  was  first  pub. 
in  1807.  2  vols.  Svo;  new  ed.,  1839,  Svo.  The  engravings 
are  by  Jackson. 

"  This  petty  sort  of  aniiquarianism  probably  is  not  the  object  of 
any  one  who  takes  up  the  volumes  of  Shakspeare;  and  the  scanty 
elucidation  which  the  poet  nuw  and  then  receives  makes  us  but 
poor  amends  for  the  quantity  of  trash  whirh  is  obtruded  upon  us, 
with  or  without  the  apology  of  a  difficulty.  One  great  evil  of  this 
is  the  encouiJigemeut  of  pedantry  and  laborious  triUiug.  ...  Of 
these  merciless  annofators,  however,  some  arc  more  intolerable 
than  otheis.  .  .  .  Mr.  Douce,  we  suppose  is  as  good  as  any  of  them. 
Yet  we  think  him.  upon  the  whole,  very  feeble  and  very  dull :  and 
must  set  diiwn  his  hook  among  those  which  it  is  impossible  to  pe- 
ruse without  feelings  of  compassion  for  the  incredible  labour  which 
has  been  expended  with  so  little  return  either  of  instruction  or 
amusement.  We  shall  give  a  few  specimens  both  of  what  appears 
tritling  and  foolish,  and  of  what  is  curious  and  new,  iu  these  vo- 
lumes."—S^m.  Ee.v.,  1808,  xii.  469. 

*'  I  look  upun  this  work  as  a  sort  of  Hortus  ShaJcsperiamis,  from 
wTiich  fiuit  of  every  line  and  flavour  may  be  safely  pluckt  and 
eaten.  The  research  and  learning  bestowed  upon  it  are  immense. 
I  once  attemjitcd,  during  the  Uorie  Subsecirtc  of  a  watering-iilace, 
to  make  a  Ciitnlogue  of  the  authors  consulted  in  it;  but  my  cou- 
rage or  patience  failed.  My  own  copy,  smartly  bound  antique-wise 
by  poor  George  Faulkener,  was  presented  to  a  young  and  intelli- 
gent Frenchman,  who  was  perfectly  SnAESPEARE-MAD,  and  who 
devoured  its  pages  with  tho  voracity  of  an  alderman  over  a  Ja- 
maica turtle."— Dibdin:  Library  Cbmpainon. 

*'  In  the  criticismswhifhhavebeen  passed  upon  MrBouce'sIllus- 
trationsrif  Shakspeare  and  Ancient  Manners.it  has  not,Ithink,heen 
generally  noticed  that  this  work  is  distinguished  for  the  singular 
ditlidence  and  urbanity  of  criticism,  as  well  as  depth  of  learning 
which  it  evinces,  and  for  the  happy  ilhistrations  <if  the  subjects 
disi'ussed  by  means  of /tic  simile  wood-cuts." — BiUiomama. 

Mr.  Douce's  Dissertation  on  the  Dance  of  Death,  accom- 
panied with  fifty-four  engravings  on  wood,  pub.  by  Pick- 
ering, IS.'Ju,  Svo,  should  be  carefully  perused  by  all  who 
take  an  interest  in  the  works  of  Hans  Holbein,  Macaber, 
ifec.  In  this  vol.  will  be  found  an  ample  list  of  all  the 
Paintings  of  tho  Dance  of  Death. 

Jackson,  in  speaking  of  the  original  edition,  (Lyons, 
1538,)  remarks: 

"Sondunrably  are  these  cuts  executed — with  so  much  feeling 
and  with  so  perfect  a  knowled;je  of  the  capabilities  of  the  art — that 


DOU 


DOU 


I  dn  not  think  any  wood  onpraver  of  (ho  prespnt  day  is  capaVile  of 
surpassing  th-Mu.  The  manner  in  which  they  are  en>;raved  is  com- 
paratively  simple;  there  is  no  display  of  tine  work  merely  to  show 
the  artist's  talent  in  cutting  delicate  lines.  Kvery  line  is  expres- 
sive; and  the  end  is  always  obtained  hy  the  simplest  means." 

"  Holbein's  Dance  of  Death  is  unquestionably  a  masterpiece." — 
Papillon. 

Douch,John,    England's  Jubilee  ;  n  Serm.,  1660,  4to. 

Doudy,  Samuel.     Mc<I.  con.  to  Phil.  Trnns.,  1G96. 

Douespe,  E.  P.  de  la.     Serm.,  1777,  4to. 

Poii^all,  John,  d.  1822.  Mod.  Preeuptnr..tc.,lS10/i;j. 

Dou^all,  Will.     Con.  to  Med.  Comm.,  17no. 

Doughty.     C'liarity  Serin.,  1742,  Svo. 

Doughty,  Grcffory,     Serm.,  Cnmb.,  1724,  4to. 

Doushty,John,159S?-1672,Reetor<.rCheam.  Surrey, 
and  Prubendary  of  Westminster.  }Ic  pnU.  some  .term's, 
and  theolog.  works,  the  best-known  of  Aviiieh  is  Analecta 
Sacra,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1658,  Svo,  1660,  whieh  has  often  been 
reprinted  on  the  Continent. 

"  Douphty  endeavours  to  illustrate  various  parts  of  the  Old  and 
New  Testament  by  the  manners  nnd  customs  of  the  ancient  Gen- 
tiles. He  was  well  acquainted  with  them;  but  is  more  successful 
in  elucidat  ing  the  Old  than  the  New  Covenant  Scriptures." — Ormi's 
Bill.  Bib. 

Doughty,  John.     Serms.,  Lon.,  1744.  '52,  *61. 

Doughty,  Thomas.     Semis.,  1728,  ';58. 

Douglas.     Botanical  papers  in  Trans.  Hortie.  Soo.,  <fec. 

Douglas,  Dr.     Con.  to  Med.  Obs.  and  Inq..  1778. 

Douglas,  Mrs.     Life  of  Prof.  Gellert,  Ac.,  ISO.'i. 

Douglas,  Rev.  Mr.     Edwin,  a  Trag.,  1784.  Svo. 

Douglas,  Alex,     Poems.     Cuper  Fife,  1S06.  Svo. 

Douglas,  Andrew,  M.D.    Profes.  treatises,  1785,  '89. 

Douglas,  Archibald, M.D.  Profes.  treatipes,175S,'84. 

Douglas,  Charles.     The  Sea,  P"hih  Trans..  1770. 

Douglas,  Charles  A.,  M.D.  Profes.  treatises  in  Ed. 
Med.  Ess.,  1738. 

Douglas,  David.  De  Naturte  Mirabilibus  Opusculum, 
Paris,  1524,  4to. 

Douglas,  Lady  Eleanor.  The  Day  of  Judgment's 
Model,  1646,  4to. 

Douglas,  Francis.  Four  Letters  on  Celibacy  and 
Marriage.  Lon.,  1771,  Svo,  anon.  East  Coast  of  Scotland, 
1782,  12mo. 

Douglas,  Hon.  Fred.  Sylvester  North,  d.  1819. 
Resemblance  between  the  Ancient  and  Mod.  Grt-cks,  ISlJi. 

Douglas,  Gawin,  Gavin,  or  Gawen,  1475-1522, 
Bishop  of  Dunkeld,  was  third  son  of  Archibald,  fifth  Earl 
of  Angus.  He  completed  his  studies  at  the  University  of 
Paris,  entered  the  church,  and  in  the  tumultuous  events  of 
the  day  was  distinguished  for  his  "moderation  and  peace- 
ableness."  As  a  poet,  Bishop  Douglas  is  entitled  to  great 
respect.  His  principal  original  composition  is  The  Palico 
of  Honour,  which  will  forcibly  remind  the  reader  of  Bun- 
yan's  great  allegory. 

"The  object  of  The  Palice  of  Honour  is  to  show  the  instability 
and  insufficiency  of  worldly  pomp;  and  to  prove  that  a  constant 
and  uodeviatiug  habit  of  virtue  is  the  only  way  to  True  Honour 
and  Happiness,  who  reside  in  a  magniticent  pjilace  situated  ou  the 
summit  of  a  hiyh  and  inaccessible  mountain," 

King  Hart,  the  only  other  poem  of  much  extent  written 
by  Douglas,  presents  us  with  scenes  of  life  represented 
under  appropriate  metaphors. 

Bishop  Douglas,  however,  is  best  known  by  his  trans,  of 
Virgil's  jEneid  into  Scottish  verse,  executed  in  1513 ;  first 
pub,  1553.  It  is  remarkable  as  being  the  first  version  of 
a  classic  (unless  wo  call  Boethius  a  classic)  into  any  British 
tongue.  We  quote  some  opinions  upon  tliis  version  from 
two  celebrated  critics : 

'•This  translation  is  executed  with  equal  spirit  and  fidelity;  and 
is  a  proof  that  the  lowland  Scotch  and  Kn;;lish  languages  were  now 
Dearly  the  same:  I  mean  the  styli'  ^f  .oriipnvition  ;  more  especially 
iu  the  glaring  affectation  of  Hugtifizing  baliri  words.  The  several 
books  are  introduced  wilb  nic'trifiil  prologues,  which  are  often 
bighlj'  poetical ;  and  show  that  Iionglns's  proper  walk  was  original 
poetry." — Warton^s  Hist,  uf  Fjig.  I'l'ntnj. 

"  Without  pronouncing  it  the  best  version  of  this  poem  that  ever 
was,  or  ever  will  be.  executed,  we  may  at  least  venture  to  affirm, 
that  it  is  the  production  of  a  bold  and  energetic  writer,  whose 
knowledge  of  his  original,  and  prompt  command  of  a  copious  and 
variegated  phraseology,  qualified  him  for  the  performance  of  so 
arduous  a  task.  And  whetlier  we  consider  the  state  of  British 
literature  at  that  era,  or  the  rapidity  with  which  he  completed  the 
work,  [sixteen  months,]  he  will  be  found  entitled  to  a  high  degree 
of  admiration." — Dr.Irving's  Lives  of  the  Scottish  Poets. 

Mr.  Hallam  does  not  speak  of  Douglas's  poetry  with  so 
much  ardour  as  Warton  displays: 

■'  Warton  did  well  to  explain  his  rather  startling  expression,  that 
the  lowland  Scotch  and  English  languages  wero  then  uear^  the 
same;  for  I  will  venture  to  say.  that  no  Englishman,  without 
guessing  at  every  other  word,  could  understand  the  long  passage 
which  he  proceeds  to  quote  from  Oawin  Douglas.  It  is  true  that 
thedifferencesconsisted  mainly  in  pronunciation.and  consequently 
in  orthography;  but  this  is  the  great  cause  of  diversity  in  dialect. 
The  character  of  Douglas's  original  poetry  seems  to  be  that  of  the 


Middlo  Ages  in  general. — prolix,  though  sometimes  animated,  de- 
scriptive of  sensible  objects." — Intmduc.  to  Lit.  Hist. 

The  original  edit,  of  the  trans,  of  the  ^.neid  was  pub., 
as  wo  have  stated,  in  1553,  Lon.,  4to.  New  edit.,  with  a 
glossary  by  Ruddiman,  Edin.,  1710.  sm.  fol.  The  Palice 
of  Honour,  1553,  fol.;  1579,  4to:  1827,  4to:  presented  to 
the  members  of  the  Bannnfyne  Club,  by  John  G.  Kinnear, 
Esq,  He  trans.  Ovid's  De  Remedio  Amoris,  which  ap- 
pears to  have  been  the  earliest  of  his  works.  King 
Hart  was  pub.  for  the  first  time  from  an  original  MS. 
by  Mr.  Pinkerton.  Select  Works,  with  Memoirs  of  the 
Author,  a  (Jloss.,  and  Notes  by  Rev.  Mr.  Scott,  1787,  12mo. 

Douglas,  Gen.  Sir  Howard,  Bart..  D.C.L.,b.  1776, 
at  Gosport,  has  ilistinguished  himself  both  in  civil  and  in 
military  life.  Military  Bridges,  1816,  Svo;  3d  ed.,  1853, 
Svo.  Treatise  on  Naval  Gunnery;  4th  ed.,  1855,  Svo, 
This  ed.  contains  a  chapter  on  the  Siege  of  Sebastopol, 
1855,  and  the  operations  in  the  Crimea  generally.  Obs.  on 
Carnot's  System  of  Fortifications,  Svo.  Considerations  on 
the  Value  and  Import,  of  the  Brit.  Amer.  Provinces,  Lon., 
1831,  Svo.    Naval  Evolutions.  1832,  Svo  :  see  Clerk,  John. 

'•The  work  of  Sir  Howard  Douglas  has  not  only  stood  its  ground 
for  thirty  years  and  more,  but  (harder  task)  has  operated  on  the 
Ailmiralty.  The  new  edition  contains  an  account  of  all  the  im- 
provements that  have  taken  place  iu  the  theory  and  practice  of 
naval  gunnery  since  the  appearance  of  its  predecessor." — Lon. 
Spectator. 

Douglas,  George,  M.D.  Fossil,  "Vegetable,  and  Ani- 
mal substances  used  in  Physic,  Lon.,  1735,  Svo.  Anatomy, 
Edin.,  17(i3. 

Douglas,  George,     Matbemat.  works,  177fi-lS09. 

Douglas,  James.  1.  A  Prophecy,  2.  Strange  News 
from  Scotland,  lt}51,  4to. 

Douglas,  James,  Duke  of  Queensberry.  Speech  to 
the  PariiaiiiL'nt  of  Scotland.  Lon..  1702.  fol. 

Douglas,  James,  M.D.,  1675-1742,  a  physician  of 
great  reputation,  highly  cnmmended  by  Haller.  Myogra- 
phice  Comparator  Specimen,  Lon.,  1707,  12nio.  IBiblio- 
graphia?  Anatoniic.TJ  Specimen,  8vo.  Lateral  Operation, 
172G,  Svo:  Appendix,  1731,  Svo.  Lilium  Sarnese,  1725, 
fol.  Other  works.  Many  of  his  works  were  trans,  into 
Latin  and  other  languages. 

Douglas,  James.     Con.  to  Ed.  Med.  Ess..  1731. 

Douglas,  Rev.  James.  Tactics,  1781.  2  vols.  Svo. 
Travelling  Anecdotes,  1782,  2  vols.  Svo.  Nenia  Britannica, 
17S6-93,  fol.  Dissert,  on  the  Urbs  Rutupiae  of  Ptolemy, 
1787,  4to.     Other  works. 

Douglas,  James,  (Lord  Mordington,)  and  Mar- 
tin Laycock.    Proposals  ibr  the  Farm,  ut  Jl.  Coarlies,  fol. 

Douglas,  Jane,     tienuine  Memoirs  of,  1701,  12mo. 

Douglas,  Lady  Jane.     Letters  of.  1767,  Svo. 

Douglas,  James,  of  Clavers,  a  layman,  is  the  author 
of  many  valuable  works,  principally  theological.  AVe  no- 
tice The  Truths  of  Religion;  Errors  regarding  Religion; 
Popery  antl  Infidelity;  Thoughts  on  Prayer;  Ou  the  Phi- 
losophy of  Mind;  The  Structure  of  Prophecy. 

■'Our  respect  for  the  venerable  writer,  and  our  admiration  of 
these  Lectures,  are  so  profound,  that  we  can  no  longer  defer  an 
earnest  recommendation  of  them  to  the  reader." — Lmi.  Edec.  litv. 

Douglas,  John,  Surgeon  to  the  Westminster  Infir- 
mary, brother  to  James  Doi'glas,  M.D.,  {q.  v.,)  pub.  a  num- 
ber of  valuable  profes.  works,  a  list  of  which  will  be  found 
in  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit. 

Douglas,  John.     Con.  to  Ed,  Med,.  1731,  '38. 

Douglas,  John,  1721-1807,  educated  at  Baliol  Col- 
lege, Oxford,  Canon  of  Windsor,  1702;  Dean  of  Windsor, 
1780;  Bishop  of  Carlisle,  17S7;  trans,  to  Salisbury,  1701. 
The  learned  bishop  was  one  of  the  most  eminent  literary 
characters  of  his  day,  and  his  exposures  of  the  sophistry  of 
Hume,  and  the  forgery  of  Lauder,  to  say  nothing  of  his  keen 
critique  on  Bower's  marvellous  relations — prove  that  hia 
reputation  was  not  undeserved.  AVm.  Lauder  astonished 
the  literary  world  in  1791  by  publishing  an  essay  to  prove 
that  Milton  was  a  mere  plagiarist,  that  Paradise  Lost  was 
borrowed  from  other  quarters.  To  this  essay  Douglas  pub. 
an  answer  in  the  same  year,  entitled  Milton  no  Plagiary; 
or  a  Detection  of  the  Forgeries  in  Lauder's  Essay.  The 
bishop  completely  established  his  position.  See  Lacder, 
Wm.  In  1 756,  '57,  '58,  Douglas  pub.  his  four  tracts  against 
Bower.  He  undertook  to  prove  that  the  History  of  the 
Popes  was  in  fact  a  trans,  from  a  Popish  history  !  In  1756 
he  demolished  David  Hume's  argument  against  the  Chris- 
tian miracles,  in  his  Criterion  or  Miracles  Examined.  This 
work  has  been  several  times  reprinted. 

•*  In  this  excellent  work  the  sophistries  of  Hume  are  ably  and 
concisely  refuted;  the  delusions  of  paganism  and  popery  are  can- 
vassed with  great  acutencss;  and  the  miracles  recorded  in  the  gos- 
pel history  are  vindicated  by  unanswerable  arguments." — Bishop 
Van  Mildert. 

Bishop  Douglas  pub.  and  edited  several  other  works,  and 


DOU 


DOW 


was  the  autbor  of  a  number  of  political  pamphlets  and 
fugitive  papers.  His  Select  Works,  with  a  Memoir  by  the 
Rev.  W.  Macdonald,  were  pub.  in  1820,  Salisbury,  4to. 

Douglas,  John.  Letter  to  Henry  Brougham,  Esq., 
on  lijiw  Reform  in  Scotland,  Lon.,  1830,  8vu. 

Douglas,  Niel,     Serms.,  Poetry,  Ac,  1791,  '99. 

Douglas,  Robert.  Generation  of  Heat  in  Animals, 
Lon.,  1747,  8vo. 

Douglas,  Sir  Robert.  Peerage  of  Scotland,  Edin., 
176-1,  foi.  Continued  by  J.P.Wood,  1813,  2  vols.  foL, 
£10  108.  Baronetage  of  Scotland,  1798,  fol.  Original  ed. 
not  pub. 

Douglas,  Robert,  Variation  of  the  Compass,  Phil. 
Trans.,  1776. 

Douglas,  Robert,  D.D.  Oaths,  1783,  8vo.  General 
View  of  the  Agricult.  of  the  counties  of  Roxburgh  and 
Selkirk,  Edin.,  1798.  8vo;  Lon.,  1802,  8vo. 

"Always  reckoned  the  best  of  the  Scotch  reports." — Donaldsmi's 
AgricnU.  Biog. 

Douglas,  Robert,  Surgeon  R.N.  Adventures  of  a 
Medical  Student,  with  a  Memoir  of  the  Author,  Lon.,  184S, 
.3  vols.  p.  8vo;   1850,  p.  8vo. 

"  This  volume  will  be  welcome  in  evei-y  circulating  libraiy,  club. 
»nd  mess-room." — Ufiittd  SiTvice  Gazette. 

Douglas,  Sylvester,  Rt.  Hon.  Lord  Glenber- 
vie,  M.P.,  1747-1823.  Speech,  1799,  Svo.  Controverted 
Elections,  1775-77,  4  vols.  Svo;  2d  ed.,  1802,  4  vols.  Svo. 

"  A  collection  of  excellent  reports  on  the  law  of  parliamentary 
elections." — IIarurave. 

Reports  in  K.  B.,4th  ed.,by  W.  Frere,  1S13,  2  vols.  Svo; 
(1st  Amer.  ed.,  Phila.,  1807,  Svo;)  ditto,  vols.  iii.  and  iv., 
by  H.  Roscoe,  1S31,  2  vols.  r.  Svo. 

"  Douglas's  Ueports  are  of  the  hip;hest  autbonty,  and  bis  manner 
ifi  preferred  by  many  to  that  of  Sir  James  Burrow." — Hoffman's 
Leg.  Stu..  419. 

Life  of  John  Mercer,  1806,  Svo.  Con.  to  Phil.  Trans., 
176S.  '73. 

Douglas,  Thomas.  Vitis  Degeneris;  Ancient  Cere- 
monies. Lon..  1668,  IL'uio. 

Douglas,  Thomas,  Earl  of  Selkirk.     See  Selkirk. 
Douglas,  >Vm.     l>e  Lae  Venera.  1687. 
Douglas,  Capt.  Wm.     Trial,  *fec.,  1767,  Svo. 
Douglas,  Wm.     Serm.,  1812,  4to. 
Douglas,  Wm.,  M.D.,  d.  1752,  a  native  of  Scotland, 
settled  in  Boston.  Mass.,  where  he  obtained  considerable 
professional  reputation.     Treatises  on  the  Small  Pox,  1722, 
'30.     An  Epidemic  Fever,  1736.     Midwifery.     Brit.  Set- 
tlements in  N.  America.     Pub.  in  numbers,  Boston.  Jan., 
1749;   May,  1749,  forming  vol.  i.     Vol.  ii.  was  pub.  in  1753. 
Both  vols,  reprinted  in  London.  1755,  Svo;  again,  1760. 
The  death  of  the  author  left  the  work  incomplete. 

"  In  his  history  of  the  American  colonies,  he  is  often  incorrect; 
and  it  was  his  foible  to  measure  the  worth  of  men  by  his  personal 
friendship  for  them."  Bee  Whitney's  Hist.  Worcester;  Allen's 
Amer.  Biog.  Diet. 

"  The  honest  and  downright  Dr.  Douglas." — .\dam  Smitu. 
Douland,  or  DoAvland,  John,  d.  1615  ?  an  English 
musician,  pub.  several  musical  treatises,  among  which  was 
a  trans,  of  Ornithaphareus's  Micrologus,  or  Art  of  Singing, 
Lon..  1609,  fol. 

"  This  treatise,  though  the  best  of  the  time,  seems  too  meagre 
and  succiDct  to  have  been  of  great  use  to  the  students  of  sui-h 
music  as  was  then  practised." — Bunieg's  Hist,  of  Music,  q.  v.;  and 
also  Hawkins's  Hist,  of  Music. 

'*  We  are  assured  that  John  Douland  was  the  rarest  musician 
that  his  age  did  behold." — Wood. 

Douland,  or  Dowland,  Robert,  contributed  to 
John  DouUiud's  Lutu  Playing,  1610,  ful.,  and  pub.  a  Mu.si- 
call  Banqvet.  1610,  fol. 

Douley,  George.     Theolog.  Dialogues,  1616,  Svo. 
Doulevy,  Andrew.     Catechism,  Paris,  1642. 
Douna'us.     See  Downes,  Andrew. 
Donuamus,  Georgius.     See  Downahe. 
Doulhwaite,T.     The  Impartialist;  in  Poems,  1775. 
Doutre,  Joseph,  b.  1825,  near  Montreal,  Canada.     At 
eighteen  years  of  ago  he  wrote  a  French  historical  novel, 
entitled  Les  Fiances  de  1812.     He  has  been  the  first  lau- 
reate of  the  Canadian  Institute. 

Dovaston,  J.     Fitz-Guardine;  a  Ballad,  1S12. 
Dove.     Almanack  for  1662,  Camb.,  Svo. 
Dove,  Henry,  D.D.,  d.  1694,  '95.     Serms.,  1680-86. 
Dove,  James.     Religious  Experience,  1804,  Svo. 
Dove,  John,  D.D.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1597,  16mo.     Ch. 
Government,  1606,  4to.     Comment,  on  Canticles,  1613,  fol. 
Atheism,  1610,  Svo. 

Dove,  John,  d.  1772,  who  went  by  the  name  of  the 
"Hebrew  Taylor,"  from  his  learning  and  trade,  pub.  a 
number  of  theolog.  treatises,  among  which  are  The  Im- 
portance of  Rabbinical  Learning,  Lon.,  1746,  Svo,  and 
Plain  Truth,  or  Quakerism  Unmasked,  1756,  Svo. 
6LC 


Dove,  John.     Strictures  on  Agriculture. 
''  The  author  d<n's  not  state  any  ]iractii:al  knowledge,  and  is  lit- 
tle uoiiced."—Dfma!dson's  Agricult.  Bi"g. 

Shoal  of  Pumice  Stones  on  the  Sea,  Phil.  Trans.,  1728. 
Dove,  Richard.     Serm.,  1761,  8vo. 
Dove,  Wm.     Con.  to  Med.  Comm.,  1793. 
Dover,  liOrd.     See  Ellis,  Gkorge  J.  W.  A. 
Dover,  John.     The  Roman  Generals,  1667,  4to. 
Dover,    Robert.      Annalia    Dvhrensia;    see    Bliss's 
Wood's  Athcii.  Oxon.,  iv.  222.  223,  and  Dili.  Anglo- Poet.,891. 
Dover,  Thomas,     See  Dover,  John. 
Dover,  Thomas.     Medical  treatises,  1732,  '33. 
Dover,  Wm,     His  Case,  Lon.,  1741,  Svo. 
Dow,  Lieut.  Col.  Alexander,  a  native  of  Perth- 
shire, d.  1779.     Hist,  of  Hindostan,  from  the  Persian  of 
Ferishta,  Lon.,  1767,  '68,  2  vols.  4to  ;  a  continuation  being 
vol.  iii.,  1772,  4to;   1803,  3  vols.  Svo. 

"  Ferishta  was  employed  for  twenty  years  in  the  composition  of 
bis  history." — Turner. 

Dow  is  charged  with  borrowing  freely  from  Bernier'a 
Travels.  Tales  from  the  Persian  of  InatuUa,  1768,  2  vols. 
12mo.  Zingis,  a  Tragedy,  1769,  Svo.  Sethona,  a  Trag., 
1774,  Svo. 

Dow,  or  Dowe,  Bartholomew.  A  Dairie  Bookc 
for  all  good  Huswives,  Lon.,  1 588,  Svo.  Also  printed  with 
The  Householder's  Philosuphie,  &c, 

Dow,  Christopher.  Theolog.  treatises,  1636,  '37. 
Dow,  John.  Trial  of  A.  McKinlay,  ISIS. 
Dow,  Lorenzo,  1777-1834,  of  Coventry,  Connecticut, 
a  travelling  preacher  of  great  zeal  and  equal  eccentricity. 
Experience  and  Travels  in  Europe  and  America,  and  Po- 
lemical Writings,  Cincin.  Works,  ed.  by  Br.  Dowling,  N. 
York,  Svo. 

Dow,  P.  Reports  C.  in  H.  of  Lords,  Lon.,  1814-19, 
6  vols.  r.  Svo;  do.,  1827-32,  2  vols.  r.  Svo;  1830-32  by  P. 
D.  and  C.  Clark. 

Dowall,  James.  1.  Vindication.  2.  Appeal,  1681,  Ac. 
Dowcett,  Abraham.  Declaration  agst.  Ralph,  1648. 
Dowdall,  W.  Revenue  of  Ireland,  Lou.,  1720-29. 
Dowding,  W.  C,  Theolog.  Lectures,  Lon.,  1842, 12mo. 
DowdesAvell,  George  M.  Law  of  Life  and  Fire 
Insurances,  Lon.,  1S46,  12mo. 

"This  is  a  text-book  of  the  right  sort.  Instead  of  a  crude  strinj;: 
of  marf^ioal  notes,  not  very  honestly  culled  from  the  digest,  and 
very  clumsily  coupled  with  links  by  the  author,  Mr.  Dowdeswell 
has  jcriWfM  a  trrati.-:e  on  the  subject  he  professes  to  explain." — 
4  Law  Mug.,  JV.  S.,  .354. 

4th  ed.  of  Smith's  Comp.  of  Mercantile  Law,  1S48,  r.  Svo. 
6th  ed.  of  Bnyly  on  Bills  of  Exchange,  1849,  Svo.  G.  M. 
D.  and  J.  G.  Malcom;  4th  ed.  of  Starkie  on  the  Law  of 
Evidence,  1853.  r.  Svo.     Amer.  ed.,  Phila.  1853. 

"The  fourth  edition  of  Starkie  is  to  the  exjstintr  law  what  the 
first  edition  was  to  the  law  in  1^^4." — Jurist,  Dec.  1852. 

Dowel,  John.     The  Leviathan  Heretical;  or  a  Dis- 
course against  Hobbes,  Oxf.,  1683,  12mo. 
Dow^gtlass,  Robert.     Serm.,  Ac,  1651,  '60. 
Dowle,  John.     Serm..  Lon.,  1630,  Svo. 
Dowley,  Peter.     Letter  to  Dr.  Wells,  Oxon.,  1708. 
Dowling,  A.  S.  Statutes,  Lon.,  1830-32,  2  vols.  12mo. 
Reports  of  Cases,  1833-42.  9  vols.  Svo;  A.  S.  D.  and  V.; 
Continuation,  1842,  '43,  2  vols.  Svo;   A.  S.  D.  and  J.  J. 
Lowndes;  Continuation,  1844,  '45,  2  vols.  Svo. 

Dowling,  Daniel.     Book-keeping,  1766.    Key  to  the 
latest  ed.  of  Huttun's  Mathemat.,  1813,  3  vols.  Svo. 
Dowling,  E.  A.     Hebrew  tungue,  Lon.,  1797,  Svo. 
Dowling,  J.  Common  Law  Practice,  Lon.,  1S34, 13mo. 
J.  D.  and  Ryhmd  A.     Reports  K.  K.,  1822-31,9  vols.  Svo; 
do.  rel.  to  Magistrates,  1823-31,  4  vols.  Svo. 

Dowling,  John,  D.D..  b.  May  12,  1807,  in  Sussex, 
England,  settled  in  the  United  States  in  1832,  Since  1833 
he  has  been  highly  successful  as  a  writer  and  preacher. 
He  is  the  author  of  many  works,  the  following  being  the 
principal :  1.  A  Vindication  of  the  Baptists  from  the  charge 
of  Bigotry,  Svo.  2.  An  Exposition  of  the  prophecies  sup- 
posed by  AVilliam  Miller  to  predict  the  second  coming  of 
Christ,  1840,  18mo.  3.  A  Defence  of  the  Protestant  Scrip- 
tures from   the  attacks  of  Popish  Apologists,  &c.,  1843. 

4.  History  of  Romanism  from  the  earliest  corniptions  of 
Christianity  to  the  present  time,  Svo,  734  pp.,  N.  Y.,  1845. 
In  less  than  ten  years  25,000  of  this  large  work  were  soM. 

5.  Judson  Offering,  ISmo.  6.  Power  of  Illustration,  Jkc, 
ISnio.  Edited  the  Conference  Hymn  Book,  Baptist  Noel's 
work  on  Baptism,  with  an  Introductory  Essay.  Works  of 
Lorenzo  Dow.  Conyers  Middleton  on  the  Conformity  of 
Popery  and  Paganism.  Memoir  of  the  Missionary  Jacob 
Thomas.  Translated  from  the  French  the  Rev.  Dr.  Cotes's 
Un  mot  en  passant  U.  ccux  qui  ont  abandonue  I'^glise  Ro- 
maiue. 


DOW 


DOY 


"  TT  the  reader  wipbe?:  to  he  acquainted  with  the  errors  of  Ro- 
manism, he  has  only  to  open  the  p:iges  of  Dowling*s  History.  If 
the  reader  is  anxious  to  read  an  epitome  of  the  history  of  the  Popes, 
their  ambition,  their  intri'.;ues,  tljeir  avariciousuess,  their  tyranny, 
their  superstitious,  and  their  mummeries,  he  can  here  tiiid  all 
pr'ivfii  and  atdlierihcalal  by  the  most  accredited  authors  of  the 
Church  of  Home.'" — L.  (jIU.stimam. 

Dowling,  John  G.  Introduc.  to  the  Critical  Study 
of  Eccles.  Hist.,  Lon.,  18.18,  8to. 

"  A  useful  work,  with  partialities." — Btckersteth. 

N'jtitiaScriptorum  postauDum  1700,  8vo,  1839.  Serms., 
1841,  8vo. 

Dowling,  \Vm.     Quadrupeds  and  Birds,  1849. 

Dowmaii,  George,  .\1.D.     Seirrhus,  174S,  8vo. 

Downame,  or  Douuhani,  (ieorge,  D.D..  d.  16.''.4, 
educated  at  Cambridt^e,  and  Fellow  of  Christ  Cliurcb,  1585  : 
Bi.sh(ip  of  Derry,  1616.  A  Treatise  proviug  that  the  Pope 
is  Antichrist,  1603,  4to.  Lectures  on  Ps.  .\v.,  1604,  4to. 
"  Wherein  the  question  of  usurie  is  fully  and  plainly  de- 
cided." Abstract  of  Duties,  Ac,  1620,  Svo;  16:io.  justi- 
fication, 1623,  ful. 

"  \  full  reply  to  the  cavils  of  the  Romanists." — Bickersteth. 

Christian's  Freedom,  1635,  Svo;  new  ed.,  1836,  8vo. 
Prayer,  1640,  4to.     Otiier  works. 

"  A  learned  aud  godly  bishop." — Leigh's  Treatise  nf  Religion  and 
Learning. 

Downame,  John,  d.  1644,  brother  of  the  preceding, 
and  also  a  divine.  Spiritual  Physiek,  1600,  8vo.  Leet. 
upon  the  first  four  chap,  of  Hosea,  1608,  4to.  The  Chris- 
tian Warfare,  in  4  parts,  1609-18,  4to;  together,  1634.  fol. 

"  One  of  the  best  pieces  of  praclical  divinity  extant." — Ukrvf.v. 

Godliness,  1622,  fol.  Concordance  or  Tnhle  of  the  Bible, 
1639,  fol.     Sacred  Divinitic,  4to.     The  Sacrament,  1645. 

Downe,  B.     Modern  Geography,  1804. 

Dow'ne,  Darby.     Henlth;  a  Poem.  1724,  8vo. 

Downe,  John,  an  eminent  divine,  nephew  to  Bishop 
Jewel,  and  highly  commended  by  Bishop  Hall.  Serms. 
and  Tracts  agst.  Transubstautiation,  Oxf.,  1633,  4to.  Jus- 
tifying Faith,  1635,  fol. 

bownes.     A  Popish  King;  a  Serm.,  1745,  8to. 

Downes,  Andrew,  1550?-1627,  Greek  Prof,  at  Cam- 
bridge, 1586.  Praclectiuncs  in  Lysiam,  Cantab.,  1593,  8vo. 
Pra;lectiones  in  Demosthonis  Philippicam  vi.  de  Pace,  Lon., 
1621,  Svo.  He  was  one  of  the  trans,  of  the  Bible,  and 
some  notes  of  his  on  Chrysostom  will  be  found  in  Sir  Henry 
Savile's  edition  of  that  author. 

Downes,  George.  Three  Monthsin  the  North,  Lon., 
12mo.  Letters  from  the  Continent,  2  vols.  p.  Svo;  from 
Mecklenberg  and  Holstein,  1820,  8vo. 

*'  Not  so  full  and  various  as  miL'ht  have  been  expected :  on  man- 
ners and  German  literature  it  is  most  instructive."— S^ren.wH's 
Vor/^'ijes  and  TrareU. 

Downes,IIenry,D.D.,  Bishop  of  Killala,  1716;  trans, 
to  Elphin,  1720;  to  Meatb,  1724;  to  Derry,  1726.  Serms., 
1697-1725. 

Downes,  Henry.     Serms.,  1784,  2  vols.  8vo. 

Downes,  John.     Ilypochundriaca,  1660,  4to. 

Downes,  John.  Ro.scius  Auglicanus;  or.  An  His- 
torical Review  of  the  Stage.  Lon.,  1708,  8vo. 

"  But  for  this  work  we  should  have  known  little  or  nothing  of 
Gome  cctcbrated  actors." — Grangeb. 

Downes,  John.     Serms.,  1741-61. 

Downes,  John,  b.  1799,  in  Brooklyn,  distinguished 
mathematician  ;  assisted  in  prep.aring  the  American 
NauticTl  Almanac  since  its  first  publication  ;  author  of 
Logarithms  and  Logarithmic  Sines  and  Tangents,  with 
other  Tables,  1858.  4to. 

Downes,  Jos.     Speech  of  J.  Foster,  1799,  Svo. 

Downes,  Robert,  Bishop  of  Leighlin  and  Ferns. 
Serut.,  1750.  4to. 

Downes,  Samuel.  Lives  of  the  Compilers  of  the 
Liturgy,  and  an  hist..rical  account  of  its  several  reviewers. 
Bishop  Sparrow's  Rationale,  ed.    1722. 

Downes,  Thoop.     On  Allegiance,  1691,  4to,  Ac. 

Downes,  Thomas.  A  copious  Index  to  Pennant's 
account  of  London,  imp.  fol. 

Downey,  Thomas.     Naval  Poems,  1813,  4t«. 

Downhani.     See  Downame. 

Downham,  G.     Rex  Mens  est  Deus,  1643. 

Downie,  Murdo.  Marine  Survey  East  Coast  of 
Scotland,  Lon.,  1792,  4to.  The  Atmosphere,  Aberdeen. 
1800,  8vo. 

Downing,  Andrew  .Tackson,  1815-1852,  a  native 
of  Newburgh,  N.  York,  perished  in  the  conflagration  of  the 
steamboat  Henry  Clay,  on  the  Hudson  River,  July  28, 1852. 
Fruits  and  Fruit  Trees  of  .-Vmerica,  N.  York,  14th  ed.,  1852, 
Svo.     Sale  in  .\merica  to  1S53,  15,000  copies. 

"  Downing's  Fruit  and  Fruit  Trees  of  America  deserves  to  be 
more  generally  known  in  Europe."— rritd/ier's £iW.  GuidetoAmer 
LU.j  Lim,,  18o5,  12mo. 


Landscape  Gardening  and  Rural  Architecture,  N.  York, 
Svo.     Sale  in  America  to  1853,  9000  copies. 

"By  these  admirable  works  Mr.  Downing  has  done  much  to  im- 
prove the  taste  of  our  rural  inhabitants,  and  at  the  same  time  to 
promote  the  best  and  most  judicious  selection  and  culture  of  Fruit 
Trees." — Cuancellor  King. 

"  .Mr.  Downing  has  here  produced  a  very  delightful  work,  [Land- 
scape tJardening.]  and  has  convinced  us  that  sound  criticism  and 
retined  judgment  in  matters  of  Uiste  are  not  contined  to  this  side 
of  the  Atlantic.  " — Lan,  Art  t'ninn  Jnurnal. 

"  X  masterly  work." — Locdo.v. 

"The  standard  work  on  this  subject." — SiUiman's  Jnurnal. 

The  treatise  upon  Landscape  tiJardcning  is  a  most  com- 
prehensive work  upon  the  subject;  treating  of  History  and 
General  Principles,  Ancient,  Modern,  Natural  Styles,  In- 
fluence of  Poets,  <te.  Examples  Abroad  and  in  America, 
Beauties,  Capacities,  Picturesque  Simple  Beauty,  Wood 
and  Plantations,  Grouping,  Classification,  leading  Cha- 
racteristics. Trees,  History  and  Descriptions  of  finest 
deciduous  Evergreens,  Vines,  and  Climbing  Plants.  For- 
mation of  Walks,  Roads,  Fences,  Hedges,  Landscape  or 
Rural  Architecture,  Characteristic  Features  of  Country 
Houses,  Roman,  Dalian,  Swiss,  Tudor,  Old  English,  Eliza- 
bethan, Lodges,  Embellishments,  Rustic,  Floral,  Seal.s, 
Bridges,  Rockwork,  Dials,  Vases,  Fountains,  Decora- 
tions, <tc. 

Cottage  Residences,  N.  York,  Svo.  Sale  in  America  to 
1853,  6250  copies.  Architecture  of  Country  Houses,  N.  Y., 
Svo.     Sale  in  America  to  1853,  3500  copies. 

Rural  Essay.s,  by  the  late  A.  J.  Downing.with  a  Memoir  of 
the  Author,  edited  by  George  Wm.  Curtis,  and  a  letter  to 
his  friends  by  Frederika  Bremer,  N.  York,  1854,  Svo.  This 
volume  contains,  with  one  or  two  exceptions,  all  of  Mr. 
Downing's  editorial  papers  in  The  Horticulturist.  Mr. 
Downing  also  edited  Loudon's  Gardening  for  L.adies.  N. 
York,  12mo,  and  Wightwick's  Hints  to  Young  Architects, 
N.  York,  Svo. 

"Mr.  Downing  has  practical  knowledge  and  true  ta.ste,  and  evi- 
dently loves  his  pursuits,  'i  hese  qualities  give  freshness,  charm, 
and  value  to  whatever  he  writes  on  his  tavourite  topic." — Anur. 
Quarterly  Reriev. 

Downing,  Itladen.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1814. 

Downing,  C  T.  Fanqui.  or  Foreigner  in  China  in 
1836'  '37,  3  vcds.  p.  Svo ;  1838,  '40. 

"  An  account  of  the  habits,  manners,  manufactures,  and  laws 
of  China."— /.w(.  All  s. 

Downing,  t'alybute,  1606-1644,  a  Puritan  divine. 
State  Ecclesiastical.  Oxf.,  1632.  4to.  Considerations,  Lon., 
1641,  fol.  Serm.,  1641.  4to.  Discourse,  1641,  4to.  Dis- 
covery, 1641,  4to.  Diametrical  opposition  between  Pres- 
bytery and  Prelacy.  1644,  4to. 

Downing,  CU>ment.  Indian  Wars,  Lon.,  1737, 12mo. 

Downing,  George.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1760,  Svo. 

Downing, George.  Newmarket;  aCom.,  1763, 12mo. 
The  Parthian  Exile;  a  Trag.,  1774,  Svo.  The  Volunteers, 
1780.  Svo. 

Downing,  John.     Case  of,  Lon.,  1796,  Svo. 

Downing,  Joseph.     Disorders  of  H.  Cattle,  1797. 

Dowuiuge,  Sir  George.     Political  tract.s,  1664-72. 

Downman,  Rev.  Hugh,  M.D.,  1740-1809,  born  near 
Exeter,  educated  at  Balliol  College.  Infancy,  a  Poem  in 
6  Books:  1,1774;  2,1775;  .3,1775;  all4to;  whole  6, 1788, 
Edin..  12mo.  It  went  through  7  edits,  during  his  lifetime. 
Land  of  the  Muses  and  other  Poems,  1768,  4to.  Editha; 
a  Com.,  Lon.,  1785.  Svo.  L.  J.  Brutus;  a  Trag.,  1779. 
Poems,  1790;  do.  to  Thespia,  1805,  Svo.  Tragedies,  1792, 
Svo.  He  trans.  The  Death  Song,  &c.  from  Wormius,  and 
four  tragedies  from  Voltaire. 

Downiche,  Anne.  The  Frenche  Historic,  in  verse, 
Lon.,  1589,  4to.  A  rare  book.  Bibl.  Anglo-Poet,  226. 
£25;  resold  at  Saunders's,  1818,  £13  28.  6rf. 

Dowsing,  Wm.  Parliamentary  Visitor  for  demolish- 
ing the  Superstitions  and  Ornaments  of  Churches,  4c. 
within  the  county  of  Suffolk  in  the  years  1643  and  1644; 
his  Journal,  1786,  4to.  Here's  a  curious  book,  indeed! 
The  iconoclast  must  have  some  strange  tales  to  tell. 

Dowson,  James.  De  Numerorum  Figuratorum  Re- 
solutione,  Lon.,  1614,  8vo. 

Doyle,  Major,  is  said  to  be  the  author  of  A  New  Mili- 
tary Journal,  Lon.,  1803,  4to.  Instructions,  1804.  Mili- 
tary Catechism.  Svo. 

Doyle,  James,  d.  1834,  R.  Catholic  Bishop  of  Kildare 
and  Leighlin.  Letter  to  Archbishop  Magee.  Letter  to 
Daniel  O'Connell  on  Poor  Laws  for  Ireland.  Bishop  Doyle 
pub.  many  pamphlets,  letters,  ic.  on  theological  and  po- 
litical subjects. 

Doyle,  Martin.  Cyclopedia  of  Practical  Husbandry 
and  Rural  Afi'airs,  Dubl.,  1829,  p.  Svo.  New  ed.,  enlareed. 
1851,  Svo.  ^     ' 

"  A  plain  and  very  sensible  matter-of-Cict  exposition  of  current 

il7 


DOY 


DRA 


and  knowu  intelligence  in  a  very  acceptable  and  useful  manner/' 
— Donaldson's  Ag/ncuU.  Bing. 

Practical  Gardening,  1838.  12mo.  Flower  Garden,  4th 
ed.,  1845, 12mo.  Labouring  Classes  in  Ireland,  1846, 12mo. 
Catechisms  of  Gardening  and  Cottage  Farming,  1851,  ISmo. 
Works,  2  vols.  12mo. 

Doylc»  Wm,  Some  Account  of  the  British  Dominions 
beyond  the  Atlantic,  Lon.,  1770,  8vo. 

"  The  author  proposes  a  new  si-beme  nf  geography,  calling  South 
America,  Atlantis  ;  North  America,  Sebastia  ;  and  classes  the  Ame- 
rican colonies  under  the  names  of  Neanylia.  Jttcf>bsa,  and  MesiQy 
or  Midensia.'^ — Lon.  MunUily  I\'evi>'iv,  xlii.  413;  1770,  q.  v. 

The  collector  of  works  on  America  should  procure  this 
curious  volume. 

D'Oyley,  Catherine.  The  History  of  the  Life  and 
Death  of  our  Blessed  Saviour,  Southamp.,  1794,  8vo. 

D'Oyley,  Charles,  The  European  in  India,  1813, 
4to.  The  Illustrations  are  by  D'Oyley,  but  the  Preface 
and  History  are  by  T.  W.  Blagdon  and  Capt.  T.  Williamson. 
D'Oyly,  George,  D.D.,  1778-1846,  educated  at,  and 
Fellow  of,  Ben-'t  College,  Cambridge,  Rector  of  Buxted, 
1815  ;  of  Lambeth  and  Sundridge,  Kent,  1820.  Letters  to 
Sir  Wm.  Drummoud  rel.  to  his  (Edipus  Judaicus,  1812,  '13, 
8vo.  Two  Discourses,  1811,  8vo.  Life  of  Archbp.  San- 
croft,  1821,  2  vols.  Serms.,  chiefly  Doctrinal,  1827,  8vo. 
Occasional  serms.  and  pamphlets.  Serms.,  with  a  Memoir 
by  his  son,  1847,  2  vols.  8vo.  Dr.  D'Oyly  was  a  contri- 
butor to  the  London  Quarterly  Review.  In  1S13,  in  con- 
junction with  the  llev.  Richard  (now  Bishop)  Mant,  he 
commenced  the  preparation  of  an  annotated  Bible,  to  be 
pub.  by  the  Society  for  promoting  Christian  Knowledge. 
The  1st  number  appeared  Jan.  1,  1814;  complete,  Oxf. 
and  Lon.,  1814,  3  vols.  4to.  It  has  been  frequently  re- 
printed at  Cambridge  and  Oxford  alternately,  and  the  sale 
has  probably  not  fallen  short  of  40,000  copies.  New  edit., 
Lon.,  1848.  Vol.  i.,  Old  Test,  and  Apoc.  Vol.  ii..  N.  Test., 
r.  Bvo.  Pub.  also  with  the  sacred  text  In  3  vols.  r.  8vo, 
1850. 

"Of  the  labour  attending  this  publication  some  idea  may  be 
formed,  when  it  is  stated  that  the  works  nf  upwards  of  one  hun- 
dred and  sixty  authors  have  been  consulted  for  it,  amounting  to 
several  hundred  volumes.  On  the  fundamental  articles  of  Chris- 
tian verity. — the  Di'ity  and  atonement  of  Jesus  Christ,  and  the 
personality  and  offices  of  the  Holy  Spirit. — Ibis  work  may  be  pro- 
nounced to  be  a  library  of  divinity.'' — T.  H.  Home's  Bibl.  Bib.  See 
the  comments  in  Bickersteth's  Christian  Student. 

The  purchaser  should  also  procure  the  Rev.  Dr.  Wilson's 
Index  to  this  commentary.  It  is  more  comi)lete  than  the 
one  annexed  to  the  work.  The  Rev.  I\Ir.  Bellamy's  Con- 
cordance also  should  accompany  it.  The  Rt.  Rev.  Bishop 
Hobart  of  New  York  pub.  an  edit,  of  this  Bible,  with  ad- 
ditional notes.  New  York,  1818-20,  2  vols.  4to. 

*'  He  has  greatly  enhanced  the  value  of  this  work  by  numerous 
additional  notes,  selected  from  the  writings  of  upwards  of  thirty 
of  the  most  eminent  divines,  (not  noticed  by  Drs.  Mant  and  D'Oyly,) 
whose  names  areasuffitieut  pledge  for  the  orthodoxy  of  the  anno- 
tations taken  from  their  writings.  .  .  .  ^lauy  other  notes  are  like- 
wise selected  from  several  of  the  authors  cited  by  Up.  Mant  and 
Dr.  D'Oyly.  Bp.  llobarfs  additional  notes  are  twofold;  1.  Critical 
and  Explanatory  ;  aud'^.  Practical.  The  latter  are  most  numerous, 
and  are  greatly  calculated  to  increase  tha  value  of  this  comment- 
ary."— T.  II.  HoRNE,  uln  siipra. 

See  a  biographical  notice  of  Dr.  D'Oyly  in  Lon.  Gent. 
Mag.,  March,  184t),  and  Memoir  by  his  son,  prefixed  to  his 
Serms.  pub.  in  1S47. 

D'Oyly,  Robert.     Four  theolog.  Dissertations,  1728. 

"This  is  a  book  which  contains  some  original  and  curious  dis- 
quisitions, but  not  always  in  accordance  with  received  opinions. 
The  discussions  are  conducted  in  a  manner  somewhat  similar  to 
those  of  Delany." — Orme;  liibl.  Bib. 

The  Dissertations  are  recommended  by  Dr.  A.  Clarke- 

Doylye,  Dr.  Antiquity  of  Arms.  See  Ilearne's  Col- 
lection, p.  175,  1771.  Etymology,  Dignity,  and  Antiquity 
of  Dukes,  lb.,  p.  183. 

Drage,  Wm.     Medical  treatises,  Lon.,  1665-68. 

Drage,  or  Dragge,  Wm.,  Clerk  of  the  California. 
Voyage  of  the  California  for  the  discovery  of  a  Northwest 
passage,  Ac,  Lon.,  1748,  2  vols.  8vo. 

■'  A  pedantic,  disputatious,  dogmatical  performance." — Barrow's 
Arcti:  Voi/ages,  p.  "287,  1818. 

The  Great  Probability  of  a  N.  West  Passage,  176S,  4to. 

Drakard,  John.     Life  of  Col.  Wardle,  1810. 

Drake.     Introduction  to  English.  1688.  8vo. 

Drake.     The  Innocent  Vindicated,  1718,  8vo. 

Drake,  Mrs.     Defence  of  the  Female  Sex,  1696 

Drake,  Benjamin,  171U-1S41,  "a  native  of  Mason 
county,  Kentucky,  a  resident  of  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  a  most 
amiable  and  excellent  man,  a  lawyer  by  profession,  for 
many  years  edited  a  literary  and  family  nowspa])er,  pub- 
lished weekly  at  Cincinnati,  and  largely  circulated  in  Ohio. 
It  was  a  paper  of  high  moral  tone  and  literary  merit,  con- 
ducted with  ability  and  good  taste — filled  with  cheerful, 
&18 


attractive  contributions,  well-wrought  fictions,  and  sound 
criticism. 

His  published  writings,  other  than  the  above,were,  with 
their  dates : 

1827.  Cincinnati  in  1826.  By  B.  Drake  and  E.  D.  Mans- 
field, pp.  100,  12rao. 

1830.  The  Western  Agriculturist  and  Practical  Farmer's 
Guide;  a  compilation. 

18;i8,  The  Life  and  Adventures  of  Black  Hawk,  with 
Sketches  of  Keokuk,  the  Sac  and  Fox  Indians,  and 
the  late  Black  Hawk  War.  pp.  228,  12mo.  Tales  and 
Sketches  from  the  Queen  City,  pp.  ISO,  12mo.  This  is  a 
volume  of  cheerfully  and  tastelully  written  fictions  and 
sketches  of  life  and  manners  in  the  West.  It  is  creditable 
to  the  writer's  talents,  and  commendable  for  its  purity  of 
thought  and  sentiment. 

1840.  Life  of  General  William  Henry  Harrison  ;  a  small 
vol.  of  perhaps  250  pages,  prepared  by  B.  Drake,  jointly 
with  Col.  Charles  S.  Todd  of  Frankfort,  Kentucky. 

1841.  Life  of  Tecumseh,  and  his  brother  the  Prophet, 
with  a  Histrtrical  Sketch  of  the  Shawanee  Indians,  pp.  235, 
12mo.  This  i.s  the  most  elaborate  of  Mr.  Drake's  works, 
and  is  a  carefully-prepared  memoir  from  facts,  the  most  of 
which  were  collected  by  himself  in  the  country  where  Te- 
cumseh had  lived  and  acted,  and  from  a  great  number  of 
respectable  jiersuns  who  had  known  that  chief." 

For  the  above  notice  we  arc  indebted  to  a  well-known 
and  highly-respected  man  of  letters.  Judge  James  Hall, 
of  Cincinnati.  Ohio. 

Drake,  Charles  D.,  son  of  Dr.  Daniel  Drake.  Trea- 
tise on  the  Law  of  Suits  by  Attachment  in  the  U.  States, 
Boston,  1854,  Svo ;  2d  ed.,  1S58,  8vo. 

'■  The  members  of  the  pi-ofesBioii  owe  much  to  Mr.  Drake  for  his 
successful  labours  in  producinj;  this  valuable  treatise  upon  a  branch 
of  the  law  hitherto  untouched  by  any  writer." 

Drake,  Daniel,  M.D.,  1785-1852,  a  native  of  Plain- 
field,  New  Jersey,  a  resident  vt'  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  was  a 
brother  of  Benjamin  Drake.  "  When  he  was  quite  young, 
his  parents  removed  to  Mason  county,  Kentucky,  where  he 
received  such  .an  education  as  the  common  county  schools 
afforded.  When  grown  he  went  to  Cincinnati,  then  a  vil- 
lage, where  he  studied  medicine;  attended  two  courses  of 
lectures  at  the  Medical  School  of  the  University  of  Pcnna., 
at  Philadelphia,  where  he  graduated;  became  a  very  dis- 
tinguished practitioner  and  teacher  of  medicine  j  was  a 
professor  in  the  Ohio  Medical  College,  Cincinnati ;  Cincin- 
nati Medical  College,  do.;  Transylvania  Medical  College, 
Lexington,  Ky. ;  Louisville  Medical  College,  Louisville, 
Ky. ;  Jefferson  Medical  College.  Philada. — all  distinguished 
schools ;  where  he  was  associated  with  the  most  eminent 
men  of  the  profession,  and  held  equal  rank  with  the  fore- 
most. He  was  a  teacher  of  medicine  nearly  all  his  pro- 
fessional life;  an  able,  instructive,  and  popular  lecturer. 
He  was  an  original  thinker,  with  an  active,  vigorous  mind, 
an  ardent  temperament,  unwearied  industry,  and  a  perse- 
verance and  energy  of  purpose  wholly  indomitable,  and 
capable  of  extraordinary  achievement.  A  philanthropist 
in  the  largest  sense,  he  devoted  himself  freely  and  habit- 
ually to  works  of  benevolence  and  measures  for  the  ame- 
lioration of  distress,  the  extension  of  religion  and  intelli- 
gence, the  good  of  his  fellow-creatures,  the  honour  and 
prosperity  of  his  country.  His  habits  were  simple,  tem- 
perate, abstemious;  his  labours  incessant. 

List  of  his  books,  with  the  dates  of  publication; 

1810.  Notices  concerning  Cincinnati,  pp.  64,  12mo, 

1815.  Picture  of  Cincinnati,  pp.  250,  i2mo. 

18.32.  Practical  Essays  on  Medical  Education,  and  the 
Medical  Profession  in  the  United  States,  pp.  104,  12mp. 
A  Practical  Treatise  on  the  History,  Prevention,  and  Treat- 
ment of  Epidemic  Cholera,  designed  for  both  the  Profession 
and  the  People,  pp.  ISO.  12mo. 

1850.  A  Sy.stematic  Treatise,  historical,  etiological,  and 
practical,  on  the  principal  diseases  of  the  Interior  Valley 
of  North  America,  as  they  appear  in  the  Caucasian,  Afri- 
can, Indian,  ami  Esquimaux  varieties  of  its  population, 
pp.  878,  8vo.     Cincinnati :  published  by  W.  B.  Smith. 

1854.  The  second  volume  of  the  same,  posthumously 
published,  Phila.,  Lippincott,  Grambo  &  Co.,  pp.  985,  Svo. 
This  is  probably  the  most  important  and  valuable  work 
ever  written  in  the  United  States.  The  subject  is  large. 
The  work  could  not  be  compiled.  The  subject  was  new, 
and  the  materials  were  to  be  collected  from  original  sources, 
from  observation,  personal  inspection,  oral  evidence,  &.C, 
It  occupied  many  years  ;  and  was,  probably,  in  contempla- 
tion during  the  whole  or  the  most  part  of  Dr.  Drake's  long 
professional  life.  For  many  years  he  spent  the  vacations 
between  the  winter  courses  uf  lectures  in  travelling  over 


DRA 


DRA 


this  great  valley,  taking  a  district  at  a  time,  exploring  each 
district  thoroughly,  noting  distinctly  and  minutely  its  phy- 
sical character,  peculiarities,  climate,  soil,  mountains,  hy- 
drography, productions,  every  thing  which  could  affect 
health  or  longevity.  lie  visited  physicians  and  intelligent 
men,  and  collected  facts  and  opinions — and  established  cor- 
respondences. In  this  great  work,  he  describes  the  whole 
interior  of  I'ur  country,  from  Canada  to  Texas,  by  dis- 
tricts, most  cl(diortite/i/,  giving  by  far  the  best,  most  detailed, 
most  reliable,  topographical  and  physical  description  ex- 
tant. Then  be  gives  the  prevailing  diseases  of  each  local- 
ity, with  the  local  remedies  and  practice — classifying  and 
detining  the  effects  of  locality,  soil,  climate,  food,  &c. ;  the 
diseases  nf  the  North  and  South,  of  the  sea-coast,  the  inte- 
riiir,  and  tbe  lake — of  mountain  and  valley,  Ac. 

He  edited  for  many  years,  very  assiduously  and  ably,  a 
AVestern  Journal  of  Medical  Science,  published  periodically 
at  Cincinnati." 

For  the  above  notice  we  are  indebted  to  Judge  James 
Hall  of  Cincinnati,  Ohio.     See  Drake,  Benjamin. 

An  excellent  memoir  of  Dr.  Drake,  by  his  friend  Edward 
D.  Mansfield,  LL.D.,  has  been  issued  by  Applegate  &  Co., 
Cincinnati,  1855,  12mo,  pp.  408, 

Drake,  Edw,  Cavendish.  A  Collection  of  authentic 
Voyages  and  Travels  from  the  best  writers,  Lon.,  1770,  fol. 

Drake,  Sir  Francis,  1546-1596.  A  list  of  works, 
giving  an  account  of  the  voyages  of  this  eminent  navigator, 
will  be  found  in  Lowndes's  Bibl.  Manual.  Some  of  these 
were  compiled  from  his  own  notes,  or  we  should  have  been 
unable  to  introduce  his  name,  even  thus  briefly. 

Drake,  Francis,  d.  1770,  a  surge(.n  and  antiquary  of 
York,  England.  Eboracum,  or  The  History  and  Antiquity 
of  the  City  of  York,  the  Cathedral  Church,  and  Lives  of  the 
Archbps.  of  that  See,  from  its  original  to  the  present  time, 
Lon.,  1736,  fol. 

"  Drake  is  amonj;  the  most  tnilins  of  topographers ;  but  his  his- 
tory of  the  City  merits  tbe  ^ratituJe  of  the  townsmen.  It  is  a 
folio,  teemjne;  with  text,  and  full  of  copper-plate  embellishments." 
—I>ibdin's  \'>rthern  T»ur. 

A  magnificent  copy,  extensively  illustrated,  and  expanded 
to  six  vols,  folio,  was  sold  at  Mr.  Fauntleroy's  sale  for 
£136  10s.  It  was  purchased  by  Mr.  llurd;  subsequently 
it  fell  into  the  hands  of  Mr.  Henry  (ji.  Bohn — always  on 
the  lookout  for  book  treasures — and  he  offered  it  at  the 
comparatively  low  prite  of  £S0.  Drake  and  Mr.  Cjesar 
Ward  are  said  to  have  been  tbe  sole  authors  of  The  Parlia- 
mentary or  Constitutional  History  of  England,  1751,  2-4 
vols.  Svo.     Med.  con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1743. 

Drake,  James,  M.D.,  lfiG7-1707,  an  eminent  political 
writer,  physician,  and  anatomist.  His  principal  works  are  : 
Hist,  of  the  Last  Parliament,  Lon.,  1702.  Svo.  Historia 
Anglo-Scotia,  1703,  Svo.  These  two  works  gave  great 
offence,  (the  latter  to  the  Scots,)  and  were  burnt  by  tbe 
hands  of  the  common  hangman.  Memorial  of  the  Ch.  of 
England,  written  in  conjunction  with  Mr.  Polly,  170-1,  8vo. 
This  offended  the  Queen  and  Parliament,  and  great  efforts 
were  made  to  discover  the  author.  In  1706  he  was  prose- 
cuted for  pub.  Mercurius  Politicus,  a  newspaper  offensive 
to  the  government.  Tbe  Sham  Lawyer,  a  Comedy.  An- 
thropologia  Nova;  or  A  New  System  of  Anatomy,  17lt7, 
2  vols.  Svo:  posth.,  pub.  by  Dr.  Wagstaffe,  2d  ed.,  1717. 
Appendix,  172S.     This  is  a  work  of  merit. 

"  If  Dr.  Lower  h.is  lieen  so  niurh  jind  so  deservedly  esteemed  for 
his  solution  of  the  systole  of  the  heart,  Dr.  Drake,  "by  at-i-ountiiiK 
for  the  diastole,  ought  certainly  to  be  allowed  his  share  of  reput.v 
lion,  and  to  be  admitted  as  a  part  tier  of  his  lilory." — Dr.  Wagstaffe. 

Drake,  James.     Medical  Orations",  1742,  4to. 

Drake,  Joan.     Mrs.  Drake  revived,  1647,  12mo. 

Drake,  Joseph  Kodman,  1795-1820,  a  native  of 
New  York,  began  to  contribute  poetical  compositions  to  the 
periodicals  at  a  very  early  age.  The  first  four  of  tbe 
Croaker  Pieces,  (pub.  in  the  N.  York  Evening  Post,  March 
10-20,  1810.)  were  written  by  him;  after  the  fourth  num- 
ber, Fitz-Greene  Halleck  was  admitted  as  a  partner,  and 
the  literary  firm  was  henceforth  Croaker  &  Co.  The  lively 
satire  of  these  sallies  gave  them  a  great  reputation  at  the 
time  of  their  publication.  Drake's  longest  poem  is  The 
Culprit  Fay;  his  best-known  composition,  The  American 
Flag.  Their  poetical  merit  is  unquestionably  of  a  high 
order.  In  1836  a  collection  of  Drake's  poetical  pieces  was 
pub.  by  Commodore  Dekay,  son-in-law  of  the  author. 

"  The  extniordinary  mental  power  and  penius  of  Dr.  Drake  were 
manifested  at  a  very  early  period;  when  not  over  seven  years  of 
age,  he  had  acquired  much  literary  information;  and  attheajjeof 
fourteen  he  had  written  many  verses  of  merit,  ,  .  .  He  possessed 
great  tenacity  of  recollection  and  power  of  quick  discrimination. 
His  thouiihts  flowed  fjrrarefully.  and  his  power  of  lam^uage  was 
prompt.  Indeed  his  peculiarity  was  that  of  instantaneous  creation; 
for  thoujiht,  ima;^in:ition.  truth,  and  imagery,  seemed  to  combine 
and  produce  their  results  in  u  moment." — H.  1*.  Wilus. 


Drake,  Nathan,  Vicar  of  Sheffield  from  1695  to  1713. 

Semis..  Ifi05.  '97,  4to. 

Drake,  Nathan,  M.D.,  1766-18.36.  a  native  of  York, 
England,  and  a  descendant  of  the  preceding,  was  educated 
at  the  Univtjrsity  of  Dublin.  In  1792  he  settled  at  Ilad- 
leigh,  Suffolk,  where,  for  the  long  term  of  forty-four  years, 
he  ministereil  to  the  health  of  his  patients  and  the  mental 
and  moral  welfare  of  his  race.  The  following  list  of  his 
literary  works  we  extract  from  the  Lon.  Gent.  Mag..  Aug., 
1836:  The  Speculator;  a  Periodical  Paper  written  in  con- 
junction with  Dr.  Edward  Ash.  1790.  8vo.  Puems.  1793, 
4to.  Literary  Hours,  1st  ed..  1798,  Svo;  4th  ed.,  1820,  3 
vols.  8vo.  Essays  illustrative  of  the  Tatler,  Spectator,  and 
Guardian,  1805,  3  vols.  8vo ;  2d  ed.,  1812.  Essays  illus- 
trative of  the  Rambler,  Adventurer,  Idler,  and  other  pe- 
riodical papers  to  the  year  1809,  2  vols.  Svo.  The  Gleaner ; 
a  series  of  Periodical  Essays  selected  from  authors  not  in- 
cluded in  the  British  Essayists,  1811,  4  vols.  Svo.  Shak- 
speare  and  his  Times,  1817,  2  vols.  4to.  Winter  Kights, 
1820,  2  vols.  Svo.  Evenings  in  Autumn,  1822,  2  vols.  Svo. 
Noontide  Leisure,  1824,  2  vols.  Svo.  Mornings  in  Spring, 
1828,  2  vols.,  Svo.  We  regret  that  wo  have  not  space  to 
enlarge  upon  the  merits  of  Dr.  Drake's  invaluable  works. 
They  have  done  much  to  stimulate  a  taste  for  useful  and 
elegant  literature.  In  addition  to  the  publications  named 
above,  he  pub.  a  number  of  professional  treatit^es,  and  left 
in  IMS.  A  Selected  Version  of  the  Psalms,  with  copious 
Notes  and  Illustrations. 

We  have  been  surprised  and  mortified  to  notice  the 
shameful  ignorance  prevailing  in  America  respecting  the 
publications  of  this  eminent  writer.  We  rememl)er  on  one 
occasion  listening  to  an  hour's  dissertation  on  Shakspeare, 
from  a  well-known  public  lecturer,  who  confessed,  when 
we  recommended  to  him  the  study  of  Drake's  Shakspeare 
and  his  Times,  that  he  had  never  heard  of  such  a  book! 
Yet  that  high  authority,  Archdeacon  Nares,  thus  commends 
this  invaluable  storehouse  of  Shakspoarean  information: 

"  No  work  has  hitherto  appeared,  and  we  may  venture  almost  tO 
pronounce  that  none  can  in  future  be  produced,  in  which  so  much 
of  afj;reeable  and  weU-dij;ested  information  on  this  subject  will  be 
found,  as  in  this  masterly  production  of  Dr.  Drake.  .  .  .  Hmayba 
considered  as  a  magnificent  temple,  dedicated  to  the  genius  of 
Shakspeare.  .  .  .  Its  publication  will  form  an  epocha  in  the  Shak- 
spearean  history  of  this  country.  So  abundant  is  the  light  thrown 
by  it  upon  the  singularly  interesting  period  in  which  the  poet  lived, 
tiiat  not  only  every  admirer  of  his  wiitings,  but  every  person  who 
is  curious  on  the  subjects  of  our  literature,  manners,  customs,  and 
their  history,  must  occasionally  resort  to  it  for  information."  Kead 
the  whole  ofthis  interesting  review  in  Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  88,  Pt.  2:  p. 
241,  .'i:j4. 

We  must  find  room  for  one  or  two  opinions  upon  this 
literary  benefactor  of  his  age: 

"  In  1S03  I  got  a  bright  new  book,  fresh  from  the  press  in  those 
days,  on  which  I  still  reflect  with  pleasure;  namely,  Drake's  Lite- 
rary Hours.  It  became  my  favourite  companion  for  years  after- 
ward, and  it  was  this  work,  more  than  all  others,  which  at  that 
early  age  fixed  my  affections  on  literary  pursuits." — GtUies's  Lit^ 
rary  Vderan. 

"If  1  were  called  to  name  the  writer  in  the  lighter  walks  of  Eng- 
lish literature,  who.  by  his  essays  and  ingenious  illustrations  of 
our  standard  authors,  is  most  calculated  to  retine  the  taste  and  to 
excite  an  ardent  thirst  for  reading  and  literary  pursuits,  I  should 
name  Dr.  Nathan  Drake." — Clevelin(rs  Eng.  Lit.  of  the  Nineip-enth 
Century. 

Drake's  works  should  have  years  ago  been  republished 
in  America. 

Drake,  R,     Essay  on  the  Gout,  Lon.,  1758,  Svo. 

*'  A  work  of  no  merit,  being  little  more  than  a  quack  advertlse- 
ment."~Z)r.  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit. 

Drake,  Rev»  Roger,  Vindicioe,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1641,  4to. 
Sacred  Chronology,  1648,  Svo.  Holy  Mount,  1653,  12mo. 
The  Sacrament.  1656,  Svo. 

Drake,  Roger,  D.D.     Serms.,  1676.  '77- 

Drake,  Samuel,  D-D.  Serms.,  &c..  1670-1724.  New 
cd.  of  Archbp.  Parker's  De  Antiquitate  Britannicai  Eccle- 
sia-.  1729.  fol. 

Drake,  Samuel  G.,  b.  1798,  in  New  Hampshire,  au- 
thor and  bookseller,  was  the  first  to  establish  an  Antiqua- 
rian Bookstore  in  the  U.  S..  (Boston,  1S28.)  Hist,  of  Indian 
Wars,  1S25.  12mo.  Indian  Biography.  18;)2.  12mo.  Book 
of  the  Indians,  18-33.  New  cd.,  enlarged,  1852,  Svo.  Old 
Indian  Chronicle,  1836,  ISmo.  New  Eng.  Hist,  and  Gen. 
Regr.,  8  vols.  Svo.  Hist,  and  Antiquities  of  Boston,  1855, 
pp.  768.     Contrib.  to  numerous  periodicals. 

*The  Book  of  the  Indians  is  a  work  of  high  authority  for  facts.'* 

Drake,  Rev.  VV.  Antiquarian  papers  in  Archseol., 
1777,  '79,  '89. 

Drake,  Sir  Wm.     Speech  in  Pari.,  Lon.,  1641,  4to. 

Drake,  Wm.     Serm..  York,  1745,  Svo. 

Drake,  Rev.  Wm.  Theolog.  and  educational  works, 
Lon.,  1847-53. 

Dralloc,  John.     See  Collard,  John. 

fil9 


DRA 

Dransficld,  Wm.  Short  Scrms.  for  Families  and 
Villages,  Lon.,  1824-33,  3  vols.  12mo;  many  eds. 

"The  sentiments  Mre  strictly  scriptural  and  eTaii^elical,  ex- 
pressed in  a  clear  and  perspicuous  st.>Ie.  and  tlie  suljects  of 
whicii  they  treat  of  the  greatest  importalice."— iwi.  C<m(jvg-  M^^o- 

Guide  to  the  Choice  of  Books,  12mo.  Family  Worship, 
6th  ed.,  lS4f<.  p.  8vo. 

Drant,  Thomas,  D.D.,  d.  about  1578?  a  divine  of 
some  celebrity — "better  known  as  the  first  English  metri- 
cal translator  of  Horace  in  1567,  a  work  of  excessive  rarity 
when  found  in  a  perfect  state,"  {Dibdin) — was  a  zealous 
opponent  of  Popery.  See  a  notice  of,  and  e.xtracts  iVom, 
his  Three  godly  and  learned  Sermons,  15.84,  Svo.  in  Dib- 
din's  Library  Companion.  He  pub.  several  other  original 
works  and  translations. 

''Drant  is  equally  bold  and  fiimiliar  with  Latimer — but  more 
quaint,  with  frreater  affectation  nf  learning  and  with  less  warmth 
of  eloquence  ttian  Fo-\."  See  Tanner;  Phillips's  Theatrum  Poeta- 
rum ;  ^\'arton's  Hist,  of  Eng.  Poetry ;  Brit.  Uibliographer. 

Drant,  Thomas.     Serms.,  1637. 

Draper,  Charles.     Fables,  Lon.,  1761,  12mo. 

Draper,  I,t.  Col.  E.  A.  Address  to  the  Public  in 
the  case  of  lirig.  Gen.  Pictun,  Ac,  1806. 

Draper,  Henry.  Lectures  on  the  Liturgy,  Lon.,  1806, 
8to;  on  the  Collects,  1813,  '14.  3  vols.  Svo. 

"  A  perspicuous,  sensible,  evangelical  exposition." — Lwi.  Eclectic 
Jteview. 

"  Contains  no  small  portion  of  the  jargon  of  the  conventicle." — 
Lon.  Critical  i?cci>iy. 

Draper,  John  Wra.,  b.  1811,  near  Liverpool,  Eng- 
land; graduated  at  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1836; 
Prof,  of  Chemistry  in  the  Univers'ity  of  N.  York,  1S39:  has 
pub.  many  valuable  treatises  on  chemistry,  physiology,  and 
mixed  mathematics.  Some  of  his  memoirs  on  the  chemical 
action  of  light  have  been  trans,  in  France,  (jcrmany.  and 
Italy.  Human  Physiology.  Statical  and  Dynamical ;  or. 
The  Conditions  and  Course  of  the  Life  of  Man  :  being 
the  Text  of  the  Lectures  delivered  in  the  Medical  Depart- 
ment of  the  University  of  New  York  ;  illustrated  liy  nearly 
300  fine  wood-cuts  from  photographs;  new  ed.,  N.  Y'ork, 
1858,  Svo,  650  p.agcs. 

"Stands  first  of  our  physiological  tre-atises." — Lnn.  ^fM.  Times. 

"  Deserves  to  be  in  the  Ubrary  of  every  student  of  pliysioiogy." 
— Lott.  AUten. 

Draper,  Lyman  C,  b.  1S15,  near  Buffalo,  N.  Y'ork. 
Since  1833  he  has  been  actively  engaged  in  collecting  facts 
relating  to  the  History  and  Biography  of  the  Western 
States  of  the  U.S.,  and  the  result  of  his  researches  present 
perhaps  the  most  valuable  collection  of  material  for  a 
series  of  border-biographies  ever  made.  Such  a  series  is 
now  (1858)  in  course  of  preparation  by  Mr.  D..  assisted 
by  Benson  .T.  Lossing.  Esq.  He  edited  with  ability  vols. 
i.,  ii.,  and  iii.  of  the  Hist.  Soc.  of  Wiscousin  Collection. 

Draper,  W.  H.  The  Morning  Walk  and  other  Poems, 
Lon.,  1751,  Svo. 

Draper,  Sir  Wm.,  Lt.  Genl.  and  K.  B.,  1721-1 7S7,Lt. 
Govr.  of  Minorca,  1779,  visited  America  in  17611,  in  which 
year  he  married  Miss  De  Lancey,  daughter  of  the  Chief 
Justice  of  New  Y'ork.  This  lady  died  in  1778,  leaving  a 
daughter,  born  1773. 

Sir  Wm.  is  best  known  by  his  controversy  with  Junius, 
an  account  of  which  will  be  found  in  Woodfall's  edit,  of 
Junius's  Letters,  Lon.,  1812.  Answer  to  the  Spanish  Ar- 
guments, Lon.,  1764,  Svo.  Observs.  on  Murray's  Defence, 
1783,  4to. 

Draper,  Wm.  Serm.,  Lon.,  1791,  Svo.  20  Serms., 
1796,  Svo. 

"They  are  written  in  plain  and  easy  langu.ige,  and  are  well 
adapted  to  the  abilities  of  country  congre;:ations.' 

Reading  Lessons  for  Chiblren.     Pts.  1  and  2,  IS12,  Svo. 

Drapes,  Edward.     Theolog.  treatises,  164(i-49.  4to. 

Draxe,  Thomas.  Theolog.  works,  Ac,  Lon.,  1608-16. 

Dray,  Thomas.     Chronic  Diseases,  1772,  Svo. 

Drayton,  J.  U.     Poems,  1813,  12mo. 

Drayton,  John,  d.  1822,  aged  60.  Governor  of  S.  Caro- 
lina, 1800-02,  and  1808-10,  and  U.  States  District  Judge, 
pub.  the  historical  mnti/rivl  collected  by  his  father  under 
the  title  of  Memoirs  of  the  American  Revolution  from  its 
commencement  to  1776,  inclusive,  as  relating  to  the  State 
of  S.  Carolina,  Ac.,  1821,  2  vols.  Svo.  He  had  previously 
pnb.  View  of  S.  Carolina,  1802,  Svo. 

Drayton,  Michael,  1563-1631.  a  nativeof  Hartshill, 
Warwickshire,  is  said  to  have  studied  for  some  time  at  Ox- 
ford:  this  has  been  questioned,  but  we  think  that  the  tes- 
timony of  f+ir  Aston  Cokain  confirms  the  statement.  For 
his  education  he  appears  to  have  been  indebted  to  Sir 
Henry  Goodere.  and  among  his  most  eminent  patrons 
were  the  Countess  of  Bedford,  and  Sir  Walter  Aston.  To 
the  hospitality  of  the  latter  he  refers,  when  complaining 
620 


DRA 

of  his  want  of  success  in  gaining  the  smiles  of  the  court 
upon  the  accession  of  James  I. : 

"I  have  neglected  my  papers  [the  Polv  Olbion]  sometimes  two 
years  together,  finding  the  times  since  his  majesty's  happy  coming 
in,  to  fall  so  heavily  upon  my  distressed  fortunes,  after  my  zealous 
soul  had  laboured  so  longiii  that  which.withthogeneral  happiness 
of  the  kingdom  seemed  not  then  impossiljle  somewhat  also  to  have 
advanced  uie.  But  I  inst.antly  saw  all  my  long-nourished  hnpe.s 
even  buried  alive  before  my  face:  so  uncertain  in  this  world  be 
the  end  of  our  dearest  endeavours!  And  whatever  is  herein  that 
tastes  of  a  free  spirit,  I  thanUfulIv  confess  to  proceed  from  the  con- 
tinued bounty  of  my  truly  noble  friend  Sir  Walter  Aston;  which 
hath  given  me  the  best  of  those  hours,  whose  leisure  hath  effected 
this  which  now  I  publish." 

He  takes  care  that  the  name  of  his  benefactor  shall  never 
be  forgotten,  so  long  as  his  own  great  poem  shall  be  fresh 
in  men's  memory  : 

"Trent,  by  Tixall  graced,  the  Astons'  ancient  seat. 
Which  oft  the  Muse  hath  found  her  safe  and  sweet  retreat." 

The  Earl  of  Dorset  proved  as  kind  to  his  age,  as  Sir  Wal- 
ter Aston  liad  to  his  earlier  years,  and  under  the  roof  of 
this  generous  nobleman  he  spent  his  declining  days  in  re- 
pose and  comfort,  beloved  by  his  associates,  and  admired 
by  his  countrymen  at  large. 

In  1593  he  pub.  a  collection  of  pastoral  pieces  under 
the  title  of  Idea :  the  Shepherd's  Garland,  fashioned  in  9 
Eglogs,  Ac,  4to.  Reprinted  as  Pastorals,  Ac,  with  the 
Man  in  the  Moon.  Ac,  1619,  fol.  A  few  years  later  he 
gave  to  the  world  the  Barrens'  Warres,  4to,  (some  copies 
dated  1596,)  aud  England's  Heroical  Epistles,  1598,  Svo. 
The  Dowulall  of  Robert  of  Normandy,  Matilda,  and  Ga- 
veston  were  also  written  before  1598.  In  1613,  fob,  ap- 
peared the  first  of  his  principal  work  The  Poly-Olbion, 
containing  IS  songs.  This  was  reprinted  in  1622  with  the 
additi.rn  of  12  songs,  making  30  songs  in  the  whole,  or 
30,000  lines,  written  in  Alexandrian  couplets!  This  folio 
is  adorned  with  30  maps.  In  1627  he  pub.  The  Battaile 
of  Agincourt,  Nymphidia,  The  Court  of  Fayrie,  The  Moon 
Calf,  Elegies,  Ac,  fob,  and  in  1630  he  pub.  The  Muses  Eli- 
zium,  4to.  Many  of  his  smaller  poetical  pieces  were  issued 
separately,  as  his  Holy  Himues,  Moyscs,  The  Owl,  Ac. 
Collective  editions  of  his  poems  were  pub.  in  1605,  Svo; 
1609,  fob;  1610,  Svo;  1613,  Svo;  1619,  fob;  1630,  Svo; 
1637, 12mo.  Works,  1748,  fol;  1752,  4  vols.  Svo.  See  par- 
ticulars of  editions  of  his  separate  and  collected  works  in 
Lowndes's  Bihl.  Man. 

Among  the  most  admired  of  his  compositions,  with  the 
exception  of  his  princip.al  performance,  seem  to  h.ave  been 
the  Heroical  Epistles.  They  are  now  held  in  light  estima- 
tion, but  the  Nymphidia  can  never  become  obsolete  until 
the  spirit  of  true  poetry  shall  have  lost  its  charms.  In 
1814  (r.  Svo)  Sir  S.  Egerton  Brydges  reprinted  100  copies 
at  the  Lee  Priory  Press. 

Burton,  the  antiquary  of  Leicestershire,  his  "near  coun- 
tryman and  old  .acquaintance,"  considers  that  the  name  of 
Drayton  alone  exalted  the  poetical  eminence  of  England  to 
an  equality  with  Italy  itself! 

"Though  those  Trans.alpines  account  us  Tramontani  rude  and 
barbarous,  holding  our  brains  so  frozen,  dull,  and  barren,  that  they 
can  affoi-d  no  inventiinis  or  conceits,  yet  may  he  [Drayton]  compare 
either  with  their  old  Dante,  Petrarch,  or  Boccace,  or  Neoteric  Mari- 
nella.  Pignatello.  or  Stigliano.  But  why  should  I  go  about  to  com- 
mend him  whom  his  own  works  and  worthiness  have  suiBciently 
extolled  to  the  world?" — Descnptirm  of  Lrict^sUrshire. 

Drayton  was  not  entirely  neglected  in  the  generation 
stlcceeding  his  own : 

"The  Panms'  Wars  contains  several  pas.sages  of  considerabl# 
beauty,  which  men  of  greater  renown,  especially  Milton,  who 
availed  hinisi'lf  largely  of  all  the  poetry  of  the  preceding  age,  have 
been  «  illiiig  to  imitate." — I/allam's  Intrnduc.  to  Lit.  Hist. 

His  principal  performance.  The  Poly-Olbion,  is  indeed 
a  most  singular  production.  Imagine  a  poet  gravely  pro- 
posing as  the  subject  of  his  muse — A  Chorographical  de- 
scription  of  all  the  tracts,  rivers,  mountains,  forests,  and 
other  parts  of  this  renowned  Isle  of  Great  Britain  ;  with 
intermixture  of  the  most  remarkable  stories,  antiquities 
wonders,  Ac.  of  the  same. 

None  but  a  great  poet  could  have  made  such  a  subject 
attractive,  and  none  but  a  thorough  philologist  could  have 
forced  poetry  to  perform  so  well  the  office  of  prose.  Bishop 
Nicolson  greatly  prefers  the  first  portion  to  its  successor: 
"The  first  eighteen  of  these  songs  had  the  honour  to  be  pub- 
lished with  Mr.  Selden's  notes;  the  other  twelve  being  hardly  ca- 
pable of  such  a  respect." — Engliiih  Hist.  Lib. 

It  was  indeed  no  small  advantage  to  the  poet  to  have  so 
distinguished  an  annotator. 

"  Drayton  was  honoured  by  a  commentator  who  must  have  given 
fame  to  any  writer.  If  .Selden's  taste  was  equal  to  his  learning, 
Drayton  is  indeed  most  highly  distinguished." — Dr.  Vicennuit 
Knox's  £sstJ!/s. 

Headley  remarks: 

"  llis  Poly-Olbion  is  one  of  the  most  singular  works  this  country 


DRA 


DRU 


has  produced,  and  seems  to  me  eminently  oi-ij;inal.  The  informa- 
tion Lontaiut'd  ill  it  is  in  gtneral  so  acute,  that  he  is  quoted  as  an 
authority  both  by  Ilearne  and  Wood.  His  pfrpetual  allusions  to 
obsolete  traditions,  remote  events,  remarkable  facts  and  person- 
ages. togethiT  with  his  curious  ffenealojiies  <if  rivers,  and  his  taste 
for  natural  history,  have  contributed  to  render  his  work  very  valu- 
able to  the  antiquary." — S^:lect  Btaiifiis  of  Ancient  Bnglish  Ibetiy. 

"His  i'oly-Oliiion  is  ceitjunly  a  wonderful  work,  exhibiting  at 
once  the  learning  of  an  historian,  an  antiijuary.  a  naturalist,  and 
a  geographer,  and  embellished  by  the  imagination  of  a  poet." — 
Ellis's  Specimens  of  the  Karly  English  Pfels. 

Bp.  Nicolson  commends  the  accuracy  ofThe  Polj-Olbion: 

"  It  aftords  a  mut-h  truer  account  of  this  kingdom,  and  the  do- 
minion of  Wales,  than  could  well  be  expected  from  the  pen  of  a 
poet." — English  Hist.  Lib. 

"  Drayton  is  a  sweet  poet,  and  Selden's  notes  to  the  earlier  part 
of  the  Poly-Olbion  are  well  worth  your  perusii!.  .  .  .  Yet  there  are 
instances  of  sublimity  ia  Drayton." — C'lLtiniPdE. 

'■  Theie  is  probably  no  poem  of  this  kind  in  any  other  language, 
comparablt-  together  in  extent  and  excellence  to  the  l'oly-<flliion ; 
nor  can  any  uue  read  a  portion  of  it  wifhuut  adniiraiinn  for  its 
learned  and  highly-gifted  author.  Yet  perhaps  no  Knglish  pot'in, 
known  as  well  by  name,  is  so  little  known  beyond  its  name;  for 
while  its  immense  length  deters  the  commnn  render,  it.  allnrds.  as 
has  just  been  hinted,  no  great  harvest  for  selection,  and  would  be 
judged  vei-y  unfairly  by  partial  extracts.  It  must  be  owned  also, 
that  geographical  antiquities  may.  in  modern  times,  tn' taiiiht  bet- 
ter in  prose  than  in  verse;  yet  whoever  consults  the  I'l.lv-iiltiion 
for  such  objects  will  probably  be  repaid  by  petty  knowlidge  whith 
he  mav  not  have  found  anywhere  else." — HiUam's  Jnlroduc.  to 
Lit.  Hist.  See  also  Warton's  Hist,  of  Eng.  Poetrv;  Biog.  Brit.; 
Censura  Literaria:  Brydges's  Imaginative  Biog.;  Disraeli's  Ameni- 
ties of  Lit.;  Drake's  ;>haksp.  and  his  Times;  i'hillips's  Theatrum 
Poet  arum. 

One  of  the  raost  poetical  tributes  oflFered  to  Drayton's 
muse,  is  that  of  Dr.  Jas.  KirkpatricU  : 

'•Dravton,  sweet  ancient  Bard,  bis  Albion  ."^ung, 
^\'ith  their  own  praise  her  echoing  Valleys  rung; 
His  bounding  Muse  o'er  ev'ry  mountain  rode, 
And  ev'ry  river  warbled  where  he  ticw'd." 

Sea-Fifce,  canto  ii. 

Dra>^on,  Thomas,  D.D.     The  Promises,  Lon.,  1657. 

Drayton,  Chief  Justice  Wm.  Henry,  1742-1779, 
one  of  the  principal  promoters  of  American  independence, 
and  President  of  the  Provincial  Conpress,  died  suddenly 
in  Philadelphia,  while  attending  to  his  duties  as  a  member 
of  Congress.  He  compiled  a  History  of  the  American  Re- 
volution, &c.,  which  was  pub.  by  his  son.  See  Drayton, 
JOHK.  His  descendants  now  living  amply  sustain  the 
honour  of  the  family.  See  Ramsay's  Hist,  of  the  Revolu- 
tion in  S.  Carolina,  1785,  2  vols.  8vo. 

Drebel,  Cornelius,  1572-16.34.  a  native  of  Holland, 
died  in  London,  where  he  distinguished  himself  by  his 
knowledge  of  natural  philosophy.  The  principal  of  his 
works  is  entitled  De  Natura  Elementorum,  Hjimb.,1621,8vo. 

Drelingcoiirt,  P.     Speech,  Dubl.,  16s2,  4to. 

Drennan,  Wm.,  M.D.  A  Letter  to  Earl  Fitzwilliam, 
and  two  tu  Wm.  Pitt,  1795,  '99. 

Dreu',  Edward.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1803,  Svo. 

Drew,  G,  S.     8  Serms.,  Lon.,  1845,  8vo ;  1849. 

**The  composition  i.s  clear  and  forcible;  the  sentiments  are  evan- 
gelical: and  the  tendency  of  each  discourse  is  to  enlighten  and 
impress." — Lon.  Biblical  /I'er, 

Serm.,  1849,  Svo.  Evening  Classes  for  Young  Men;  2 
Lect.,  1852,  12mo. 

Drew,John.  A.ldre?s,1649;  Plea,  1651 ;  botbtheolog. 

Drew,  John.  Manual  of  Astronomy,  Lon.,  1845,  r. 
18mo;  2d  ed.,  1853.  12mo. 

Drew,Rich.  A  Balance  Level.Nic.Jour.,1  SOS.  The  So- 
ciety of  Arts  voted  Mr.  Drew  ten  guineas  for  this  invention. 

Drew>  Robert.     Serms.,  1725,  '35,  8vo. 

Drew,  Samuel,  1765-1S.33,  ashoemaker  of  Cornwall, 
a  converted  infidel,  became  editor  of  The  Imperial  Maga- 
zine. Remarks  on  Paine's  Age  of  Reason.  179S,  1803, 
.'20.  The  Immateriality  and  Immortality  of  the  Human 
Soul,  1802,  Svo ;  8th  ed.,  1848,  12mo.     Trans,  into  French. 

*'This  work  on  the  soul  is  truly  VFonderfiil.  aud  nothing  like  it 
was  ever  published."— P/Y'/.  Kidd,  in  a  Letter  (o  J.  H  Dreu'. 

"His  masterpiece  of  metaphysical  argument  is  contained  in  his 
Essay  on  the  .Soul,  from  which  he  has  been  styled  The  English 
Plato." — Lftn.  Chrtstian  Remembranar. 

Life  of  Dr.  Coke,  2  vols.  Identity  and  General  Resur- 
rection of  the  Human  Body,  1809,  Svo.  Being  and  Attri- 
butes of  God,  1820,  2  vols.  Svo.  Remains,  Sermons,  Ac, 
edited  by  his  son,  Svo.     Life  of,  by  his  son,  Svo. 

"Incident,  anecdote,  or  sentiment,  is  in  every  page;  and  the 
piety,  notenthusiasm.butrelisiious  philosophy,  that  runs  through- 
out, gives  a  charm  to  the  whole." — Lmi.  Chris.  Attvornte. 

Drew,  Wm.  Fontanieu's  Art  of  making  coloured 
crystals  to  imitate  Precious  Stones,  Lon.,  1789,  Svo. 

Drew,  Wm.  A.,  b.  1798.  in  Massachusetts,  an  agri- 
cultural writer.  Glimpses  and  Gatherings  during  the 
Great  London  Exhibition  of  1851,  12mo.  pp.  404.  Con- 
trib.  to  various  religious  and  agricultural  journals. 

Drewe,  Major  Edward,  of  35th  Regt.  Military 
Sketches,  1784,  8vo. 


Drewitt,  Thomas.     Theolog,  treatises.  1799, 1801. 

Drewry,C.S.  Patent  Law,  Lon..  1838, 8vo.  Injunc- 
tions. 1841,  8vo;  Supp.,  1849.     New  ed.,  with  Supp.,  1849. 

Drinker,  Anna,  a  native  of  Pennsylvania,  better 
known  by  the  n<>ni  de  plume  of  Edith  May.  has  attained 
considerable  distinction  as  a  poetess.  Her  contributions 
to  the  Home  Journal  were  highly  commended  by  N.  V, 
Willis.     Poetical  Works,  1851,  Svo;  2d  ed..  1854. 

*' Her  dramatic  power,  observation  of  life,  imagination,  fancy, 
and  the  tasy  and  natural  flow  of  her  ver.se.  which  is  nowhere 
marred  by  any  blemish  of  imperfect  taste,  entitle  this  very  youth- 
ful poet  to  a  place  in  the  common  estimation  inferior  to  none  occu- 
pied by  writers  of  her  years.  And  there  are  scattered  through  her 
poems  gleams  of  an  intelligence  which  they  do  not  fully  disclose, 
and  felicities  of  expression  betraying  latent  power  greater  than  is 
excited,  so  that  we  are  not  authorized  to  receive  what  she  has  ac- 
complished, brilliant  as  it  is.  as  a  demonstration  of  the  entire  cha- 
racter and  force  of  her  laculties." — Griswold's  Female  Fi)fts  of 
Anurica,  1S53. 

Tales  and  Poems  for  Children,  1855,  12mo. 

Drinkwater,  John,  Capt.  72d  Regt.  Hist,  of  the 
late  siege  of  Giliraltar,  with  a  Description  and  Account  of 
that  Garrison  from  the  earliest  Periods,  Lon.,  1785,  4to; 
new  ed.,  1844,  p.  Svo. 

"  A  book  so  replete  with  interest  and  information,  as  to  be  truly 
a  legend  of  the  United  Services  of  the  day." — Unii'd  Service  Mag. 

"  One  of  the  most  interestin  r  and  instructive  military  histories 
in  our  language.  No  officer  should  be  without  a  copy." — Naval 
ami  MihUiry  Guz. 

Drisler,  Henry,  b.  1S18,  on  Staten  Island,  New 
York;  graduated  at  Columbia  College,  New  York  City, 
1889;  appointed  Tutor  in  Ancient  Languages  in  the  same 
institution,  1S43;  Adjunct  Professor.  184.3^  and  Professor 
of  Latin,  1847.  Assisted  Professor  Anthon  in  several  of 
his  classical  works;  re-edited,  with  considerable  additions, 
Liddell  and  Scott's  edition  of  Porson's  Greek  Lexicon, 
New  York.  1851-52.  8vo.  The  sale  of  this  invaluable 
lexicon  reached  25.000  copies  in  two  years  after  publica- 
tion^ (1851-53.)  Had  in  press  a  greatly-enlarged  edition 
of  Yonge's  Engli.'^h-Greek  Lexicon,  which  was  destroyed 
by  fire.  It  is  now  (1858)  being  re-stereotyped.  Professor 
Drisler  has  in  a  forward  state  of  preparation  a  Greek-and- 
English  Lexicon  for  the  use  of  schools. 

Driver,  Abr.  and  Wm.     Agricult.  of  Hants,  1794. 

"It  claims  no  particular  nntioe." — Donaldson's  JgiHcult.  Biog. 

Driver,  Wm.     See  Driver,  Abr. 

Drope,  Francis.  Short  and  .sure  guide  in  the  prac- 
tice of  raising  and  ordering  Fruit  Trees,  Oxf.,  1672,  8vo. 

Drope,  John.     Hymenaean  Essay.  Oxf.,  Ifi22. 

Drought,  Rev.  Robert.  Anacreon,  with  trans,  &c. 
by  the  Kev.  Ilercules  Younge.  1802.  12mo. 

Dronville,  J.  B.     Lancers,  ISll,  4io. 

Druery.  J.  II.      Great  Yarmouth,  1826,  Svo. 

Druitt,  Robert.     Church  Music.  Lon.,  1845,  Svo. 

Druitt,  Robert*  Difl5eult  Subjects  in  Anatomy  and 
Surgery,  2d  ed.,  Lon.,  1846,  '48.  Surgeon's  Vade  Mecum, 
6th  ed.,  1853,  12mo.  Principles  and  Practice  of  Minor 
Surgery.  New  Amer.  ed.,  by  F.  W.  Sargent,  M.D.,  author 
of  Modern  Surgery,  Ac.,  Phila.,  Svo. 

"An  unsurpassable  compendium,  not  only  of  surgical,  hut  of 
medical,  practice." — Lon.  Aled.  Gaz. 

"It  is  a  useful  handbook  for  the  practitioner,  and  we  should  deem 
a  teacher  of  surgery  unpardonable  who  did  not  recommend  it  to  his 
pupils.  In  our  own  opinion,  it  is  admirably  adapted  to  the  wants 
of  the  student.'* — Provincial  Mfdical  and  Surgical  Journal. 

Drummond,  (in  association  with  Bromley.)  Obi;  or 
the  Hi.^tory  of  Three-fingered  Jack,  1800. 

Drnnimond,  Dr.  Abernethy.  Appendix  to  the 
Church  Catechism,  Lon.,  1759,  Svo. 

Drummond,  Alex.     Travels,  Lon.,  1754,  fol. 

Drummoud,  Alex.  M.     Febribus,  Edin.,  1770,  Svo. 

Drummond,  Rev.  D.  T.  K,  Corresp.  between,  and 
Bp.  Tcrrut,  Edin.,  1842,  Svo.  Episcopacy  in  Scot.,  1845. 
Other  works. 

Drummond,  Edward.  Voyage  up  the  Gambia 
See  Moore's  Travels,  p.  175. 

Drummond,  E.  A.  H.,  D.D..  175S-1S30.  Serm., 
1792,  4to.  Catcchet.  Ques.  prior  to  Confirmation,  Lon., 
1813,  Svo;    1818. 

Drummond,  George  H.  Theolog.  works,  Ac,  1790- 
1804. 

Drummond,  Mrs.  H.  Theolog.  works,  Edin.,  1845, 
8yo. 

Drummond,  Henry.  Dialogues  of  Prophecy,  1827- 
29,  3  vols.  Svo.  Defence  of  the  Students  of  Prophecy, 
Lon.,  1828,  Svo.  Social  Duties,  or  Christian  Principles, 
1839,  sm.  Svo.     Revealed  Religion,  1845.  8vo. 

"Contains  many  striking  passaj^es  of  great  power,  depth,  and 
truth."— ^/;/7/(.v//  Churchman. 

Drummond,  Henry  H.     Obs.  on  Edin.  Rev.,  1810. 
Drummoud,  James  L,,  M.D.     Letters  to  a  Young 

521 


DRU 

Naturalist  on  the  Study  of  Nature  and  Natural  Theoloffv. 
Lon.,  1832,  12mo.  ^■' 

"  Happily  calculated  to  generate  in  a  joung  mind,  to  sustain  in 
the^matured,  and  to  renovate  in  the  old,  an  ardent  loTe  of  naturo 
under  all  her  forms." — Lrm.  Monthly  Iteview. 

First  steps  to  Botany,  18K5,  12mo. 

"  Adapted  to  make  the  study  at  once  attractive  and  imprOTing 
in  a  high  degree." — Lon.  Eclectic  Iteview. 

First  Steps  to  Anatomy,  1845,  fp.  8vo. 

"The  work  of  a  master  throwing  off  the  results  of  his  own 
Knowledge." — Lon.  Spectator. 

On  Natural  Systems  of  Botany,  1845,  12mo. 
Drummoiid,  Lord  John.     His  Case,  1715.  8vo. 
Druinmond,  John.     Case  of  A.  Oswal.l,  1715,  8to. 
Drnmnioiid,  John,  M.D.     E.i.  Med.  Ess.,  1731. 
Drummond,  John.     Grammar,  1767. 
Drummoud,  Dr.  R.      Grammatical    Illustrations, 
Bombay,  1S08.  fol. 

Drumniond,  Robert  Hay,  1711-1776,  son  of  the 
Earl  of  Kinnoul,  educated  at  Christ  Church.  Oxford,  Bishop 
of  St.  Asaph.  1748  ;  trans,  to  S.ilisbury,  1761 ;  Archbishop 
of  York,  1761.  Serms.,  a  Letter  on  Theological  Study, 
and'Mcmoirs  of  his  Life,  by  his  son,  George  H.ay  Drum- 
mond,  Kdin.,  1803,  8vo.  These  sermons  had  before  been 
pub.  separately. 

Drummoud,  T.     Med.  Com.,  1789-9.S. 
Drummond,  T.     Theolog.  treatises,  1805-09. 
Drummoud,  T.     Theolog.  letters,  1812,  12mo. 
Drummond,  T.  B,    Forms  of  Proceedings,  ic,  1826. 
Drummoud,  Thoma.s.     Poems,  1756,  8vo. 
Drummoud,  William,  of  Hawthornden,  1585-1649, 
is  distinguished  as  the  first  Scottish  poet  who  wrote  well  in 
English.     He  was  the  son  of  Sir  .John  Drummond.  was 
educated  at  the  University  of  Edinburgh,  and  studied  civil 
law  in  France ;  but  upon  the  death  of  his  father  retired  to 
his  beautiful  seat  at  Hawthornden.  one  of  the  loveliest 
spots  in  the  world.     Here  it  was  that  Ben  Jonson  paid 
him  his  memorable  visit  in  1619.     Poems.  Edin.,  1616,  4to. 
Other  edits,  see  Lowndes's  Bibl.  Man.     Cypress  Grove,  a 
moral   treatise  in   prose.     Flowers   of  Zion,  or   Spiritual 
Poems,  1623,  '30,  4to.     Hist,  of  Scotland,  1423-1542,  Lon., 
1655,  fol. ;  1681,  8vo.     Memorials  of  State,  Familiar  Epis- 
tles, Cypress  Grove,  ic,   1681,  Svo.     Polemo  Middinia, 
Oxf ,  1691,  4to.     The  first  macaronic  poem  by  a  native  of 
Great  Britain.     Works,  Edin.,  1711,  fol.;  1791,  sm.  Svo. 
New  edit,  with  Life  by  Peter  Cunningham,  1833,  12mo. 
Among  the  most  admired  of  Drummond's  compositions  are 
The  River  of  Forth  Feasting,  On  Spring,  To  the  Nightin- 
gale, The  Praise  of  a  Solitary  Life,  To  his  Lute,  and  Tears 
on  the  Death  of  Moeliades. 

The  Forth  Feasting  is  designed  to  compliment  King 
James  II.  on  his  visit  to  Scotland  in  1617. 

"  It  attracted  the  envy  as  well  as  the  praise  of  Ben  .Tonson,  is 
superior  in  harmony  of  numbers  to  anv  of  the  compositions  of  the 
contemporary  poets  of  Scotland,  and  in  its  subjects  one  of  the  most 
elegant  panegyrics  ever  addressed  by  a  poet  to  a  prince."— LoRB 
>VooDHousELEE:  LifenfKamu. 

"Bruumionds  sonnets,  I  think,  come  as  near  as  almost  any 
others  to  the  perfection  of  this  kind  of  writing,  which  should  em- 
body a  sentiment,  and  every  shade  of  a  sentiment,  as  it  varies  with 
time  and  place  and  humour,  with  the  extravagance  or  lightness  of 
a  momentary  impression," — II.^zlitt. 

"The  sonnets  of  Drummond  of  Hawthornden.  the  most  cele- 
brated in  that  class  of  poets,  have  obtained  probably  as  much  praise 
as  they  deserve.  lint  tbey  are  pcilisbed  and  elegant,  free  fiom  con- 
ceit and  bad  taste,  in  pure  unblemished  English;  some  are  )iatlielic 
or  tender  in  sentiment,  .and  If  th.-v  do  not  show  much  ori-inalitv. 
at  least  would  have  ac.|uired  a  fair  place  among  the  lUllans  of  the 
sixteenth  century."— H.11J.AM  :  Introduc.  to  Lit.  Hint. 

As  a  prose  writer,  though  not  without  great  merit,  Drum- 
mond is  not  so  much  admired  as  in  the  more  congenial  walks 
of  poetry.  Yet  who  can  linger  over  the  solemn  cadence  of 
the  Cypress  Grove,  as  the  mor,alist  argues  against  unrea- 
sonable fears  of  the  "last  enemy,"  without  l)eing  continu- 
ally reminded  of  that  rare  old  master  of  impressive  thought 
and  eloquent  language — the  wise  Leech  of  Norwich,  Sir 
Thomas  Browne? 

Drummond,  Sir  William,  d.  1828.  Govt,  of  Sparta 
and  Athens,  Lon.,  1794.  r.  Svo.  Trans,  of  the  Satires  of 
Persius,  1798,8vo.  Acad.  Questions,  ISOo,  4to,  vol.  i.  Her- 
eulanensia,  1810,  4to  ;  in  conjunction  with  R.  Walpole,  Esq. 
Punic  Inscrip.,  1811,  r.  4to.  (Edipus  Judaieus,  1811,  8vo. 
"The  learned  tiaronet  gravely  maintainsthat  the  whole  Old  Tes- 
tament is  allegorical:  and  that  a  great,  if  not  the  leading,  object 
of  it,  is  to  teach  a  correct  system  of  astronomy."— Orme's  BM.  Bib. 
This  curious  work  was  answered  by  Drs.  D'Oyly,  Town- 
send,  and  in  the  Lon.  Quart.  Rev.,  ix.  329.  Odin,  part  1, 
1817,  r.  4to.  Origines,  or  remarks  on  the  origin  of  Em- 
pires, States,  and  Cities,  1824-29,  4  vols.  Svo. 

"Every  reader  of  these  pages  cannot  hesitate  to  attribute  to  him 
the  most  patient  industry  of  antiiiuarian  research,  and  the  appli- 


DKT 

cation  of  graat  learning  and  skill  to  the  varied  difficulties  of  his 
undertaking." — Bi'itisit  Ct-itic. 

Drummond,  William  H.,  D.D.  Battle  of  Trafal- 
gar; a  Poem,  1S06,  12mo.  Trans,  of  Lucretius,  1809,  cr. 
Svo.     Giant's  Causeway;  a  Poem,  1812,  Svo, 

Drnry.     Resurrection,  1812,  Svo. 

Drury,  Anna  Harriet.  Annesley  and  other  Poems, 
Lon.,  1847,  fp.  Svo. 

"  We  at  once  and  unhesitatingly  couple  her  name  with  the  fa- 
mous names  of  l.ioldsmith  and  Crabbe."— ion.  Littrary  Gaz. 

Friends  and  Fortunes;  a  Moral  Tale,  1849,  12mo;  2ded., 
1853.  The  Inn  by  the  Seaside,  1852,  fp.  Svo.  Light  and 
Shade,  1852.  12nio. 

Drury,  Charles.  Farmers' Discovery  in  Agriculture, 
Lon.,  1810,  Svo;  enlarged,  1815,  Svo. 

"  .4  person  of  fruitful  ideas,  but  punv  and  meagre,  and  had  not 
a  large  grasp  of  original  conception."— flonu/dsoirs  Agricult.  Bii.g. 

Drury,  Drew.  Illustrations  of  Natunal  History,  Lon., 
1770,  '73,  '82,  3  vols.  4to,  £7  17»,  6(/.,  plain;  £15  15«.,  co- 
loured. Highly  commended  by  Linnajus,  Fabricius,  and 
others. 

"  Opus  entomologicus  splendidissimus." — Rev.  Wm.  Kiebv. 
"A  most  beautiful  and  valuable  work  on  entomology.''— Ha- 

WORTH. 

New  ed.,  entitled  Hlustrations  of  Foreign  Entomology, 
edited  by  J.  0.  Westwood,  1S37,  3  vols.  4to,  £6  16s.  6rf. ; 
nearly  700  figures,  engraved  by  Moses  Harris. 

"  The  exquisite  work  of  Drury  displavs  the  complete  insect  in  a 
degree  of  perfection  that  leaves  nothing  to  be  desired."— Sir  James 
EnwARD  Smith.  Pres.  of  the  Linnaan  Ubiety. 

"  A'ery  accurate  and  excellent  flgures."- Swainson's  Zoological 
Itlustrations. 

"Drnry's  work  has  not  been  surpassed  in  beauty  and  accuracy 
of  execution  by  any  of  the  sumptuous  efforts  of  the  present  day  '" 
— Encyc.  Brit.:  Art.  EnUmolagy. 

"  A  few  years  ago,  a  new  edition,  with  impressions  from  the  ori- 
ginal plates,  was  published  under  the  editorial  care  of  Mr.  West- 
wood,  by  Mr.  Henry  liohn,  the  bookseller.  It  is  not  easy  to  speak 
of  this  edition  in  terms  of  too  high  commendation." — Sir  'Wiluam 
Japi<ine. 

Drury,  Edward.     Office  of  a  Bishop,  1709. 
Drury,  Capt.  O'Brien,  B.N.     Observations  on  Mag- 
netic Fluid;  Trans.  R.  Irish  Aoad..  17S8. 

Drury,    Robert.      Madagasc.ir;  or   Robert   Drury's 
Journal  during  15  Years  Captivity  there.  Lon.,  1722,  Svo. 
"  The  most  authentir-  .iccount  of  that  country  that  has  ever  itxr 
pe^n-i."— Will's  B,t/l.  Brit. 

Drury,  W.  B.  Report.",  1838,  '39,  Duhl.,  1840,  Svo, 
and  F.  W.  Walsh  ;  Reports  Irish  Ch.anccry,  1839^2, 2  vols. 
Svo,  and  R.  E.  Warren,  ditto,  184],  4  vols.  Svo. 

Drury,  Wm.,  teacher  of  Poetry  and  Rhetoric  in  the 
English  College  of  Douay  in  the  17th  century.  Dramma- 
tica  Poeniat.a,  Douay,  1628,  Svo;  1658,  12mo. 

Dryander,  Jonas,  1748-1810,  a  Swedish  naturalist, 
resided  for  many  years  in  London,  where,  at  the  time  of 
bis  death,  he  was  Vice  Pres.  of  the  Linn.'ean  Society,  of 
which  he  was  one  of  the  principal  founders.  He  wrote 
several  botanical  treatises,  edited  some  works  of  a  similar 
character.and  drew  up  Catalogus  BibliotheciE  Historico-Na- 
tunilis  Joseph!  Banks,  Baroneti,  5  vols.  Svo,  Londini,  1798. 
"An  excellent  and  admirably  arranged  catalogue;  the  most 
comprehensive  of  the  kind  ever  published.  It  contains  a  collation 
of  all  the  articles  in  the  library,  and  is  illustrated  with  much  cu- 
rious and  important  iiiforniation." — bowNOF.s. 

Dryeh,  Theophilus  Evans.  Y  Prif  Oesoedd  yn 
Ddwy  R.an.  Argrapliwyd.  1716,  Svo,  Concerning  Wales. 
Dryden,  Charles,  drowned  1704,  whilst  attempting 
to  swim  across  the  Thames,  near  Datchett,  was  the  eldest 
son  of  the  great  poet.  He  was  educated  at  Westminster 
and  King's  College,  Cambridge.  A  few  Latin  and  English 
fugitive  poems  comprise  his  contributions  to  the  literature 
of  his  country. 

Dryden,  John,b.  Aug,  9,  1631,  d.  May  1,  1700,  a  na- 
tive of  .Aldwiuckle.  Northamptonshire,  was  a  son  of  Eras- 
mus Driden,  fthe  poet  preferred  the  substitution  of  y,)  a 
rigid  Puritan,  of  an  ancient  family  of  great  respectability 
in  Northamptonshire.  The  grandfather  of  the  poet.  Sir 
Erasmus  Driden,  was  created  a  knight  by  James  I.  He 
had  the  good  fortune  to  he  placed  at  Westminster  School, 
under  the  tutorship  of  the  famous  Dr.  Busby,  the  stimulat- 
ing properties  of  whose  classic  rod  are  well  known  to  fame. 
Whilst  there  he  translated  the  third  Satire  of  Persius,  and 
wrote  an  elegy  on  the  death  of  Lord  Hastings.  In  1650 
he  was  removed  to  Trinity  College,  Cambridge,  where  ho 
took  the  degree  of  B.A.  in  January,  1653-54;  in  1657  he 
was  m.ade  A,M.  by  a  dispensation  from  the  Archbishop  of 
Canterbury.  In  the  same  year  he  removed  to  London, 
where  he  obtained  employment  as  secretary  to  a  relative. 
Sir  Gilbert  Pickering.  At  this  time  he  was  a  great  admirer 
of  Oliver  Cromwell,  and  on  his  death  in  1658  Dryden  com- 
memorated the  event  in  his  Heroic  Stanzas  on  the  late  Lord 
Protector.     He  dried  his  tears,  however,  in  time  to  enable 


DRY 

him  to  welcome  a  new  sovereign  in  Astrse  Redux,  a  Poem 
on  the  Restoration,  1060.  This  was  followed  by  A  Pane- 
gyrick  to  his  saered  Majesty,  King  Charles  II.,  on  bis  Co- 
ronntion,  1661.  In  1662  he  produced  his  first  play,  The 
Wild  Gallant,  which  does  not  seem  to  have  impressed  the 
public  very  favourably.  Not  discouraged,  however,  he 
soon  afterwards  gave  to  the  world  The  Rival  Ladies,  and 
The  Indian  Emperor.  The  last  made  hitn  famous;  but, 
alas,  it  made  him  also  a  married  man !  It  was  written  in 
conjunction  with  Sir  Robert  Howard,  through  whose  means 
he  became  aci|uainted  with  Lady  Elizabeth,  eldest  daughter 
of  the  Earl  of  Berkshire.  Poets  of  course  must  make  love 
to  such  of  the  opposite  se.f  as  they  happen  to  encounter; 
here  was  the  daughter  of  an  earl,  evidently,  too,  not  ill 
pleased  with  his  respectful  homage.  In  an  evil  day  he 
wooed  and  won.  The  parties  soon  discovered  that  they 
were  totally  unsuited  to  e.ach  other;  so  her  ladyship  railed, 
and  the  poet  revenged  himself  by 

"  Vendiiii;  such  t-itlt-rsarcasnis  against  the  matrimonial  state  as 
too  plainly  bore  evidence  to  his  domestip  misery." 

In  1667  appeared  Annus  Mirabilis,  the  Year  of  Wonders, 
being  an  account  of  the  events  of  1666.     Here  wo  have 
such  matters  noted  down  as  the  Great  Fire,  the  Dutch  W.ar, 
Ac.    Nonebutagreat  poetical  genius  could  have  triumphed 
over  the  prosaic  impediiuents  to  success  in  a  piece  of  this 
character.     The  following  verses,  describing  the  unhappy 
condition  of  those  London  citizens  whose  houses  h.ad  been 
destroyed  by  the  fire,  and  those  who  were  spending  their 
last  night  under  their  loved  roofs,  are  truly  graphic: 
"Those  who  have  homes,  when  home  they  do  repair. 
To  a  last  lodging  call  their  wandering  friends; 
Their  short  uneasy  sleeps  are  broke  with  care. 
To  look  how  near  their  own  destruction  comes. 
Those  who  have  none,  sit  round  where  once  it  was, 
And  with  full  eyes  each  wonted  room  reijuire: 
Haunting  the  yet  warm  ashes  of  the  place, 
As  murder'd  men  walk  where  they  did  expire." 
Dryden's  was  now  a  great  name  with  the  wits,  and  in 
1668  he  succeeded  Sir  William  Davenant  as  poet-laureate. 
His  excellent  essay  upon  Dramatic  Poetry,  published  in  the 
same  year,  proved  that  the  author  was  not  unworthy  of  his 
new  honours.     But  we  are  sorry  to  add,  that  as  a  dramatic 
author  he  displays — indeed  ostentatiously  obtrudes — faults 
of  the  gravest  character.     No  writer  seems  to  be  fonder  of 
what  is  unholy,  unlovely,  and  of  bad  report.     The  becom- 
ing decencies  of  domestic  life,  the  sanctity  of  the  matri- 
monial tie,  the  respect  due  to  the  ministers  of  the  Christian 
faith,  and  the  awful  consideration  of  accountability  to  the 
Supreme  Being,  would  be  deemed  strange  matters  in  Dry- 
den's dramatic  circles. 

"Unhappy  DrydenI  in  all  Charles's  days. 
Roscommon  only  boasts  unspotted  lays!" — Pope. 
The  following  is  a  list  of  the  plays,  with  their  appropri- 
ate dates,  of  which  Dryden  was  sole  or  joint  author  : 

1.  The  Wild  G.\llant,  Comedy,  1662. 

2.  The  Rival  Ladies,  Tragi-Comedy,  1664. 

3.  The  Indian  Emperour,  "Tragi-Comedy,  1667. 

4.  Secret  Love;  or.  The  Maiden  Qoeen,  Tragi-Comedy, 

166S. 

5.  Sir  Martin  Mar-all,  Comedy,  1668. 

6.  The  Tempest,  altered  by  Davenant  and  Dryden  from 

Shakspeare,  Comedy,  1670. 

7.  Tyrannick  Love;  or,  The  Royal  Martyr,  Tragedy, 

1670. 

8.  An  Evenixo's  Lote;  or.  The  Mock  Astrologer,  Co- 

medy, 1671. 

9.  The  Conque.st  of  Granada,  Tragedy,  1672. 

10.  Almanzor  AND  Almahide;  or,  The  Conquest  of  Gra- 

nada, part  2,  1672. 

11.  Marriage  A-la-mode,  Comedy,  1673. 

12.  The  Assignation;  or,  Love  in  a  Nunnery,  Comedy, 

1673. 

13.  Amboyna,  Tragedy,  167.3. 

14.  The  State  of  Innocence  and  Fall  of  Man,  Opera, 

1676. 

15.  Aurengzebe,  Tragedy,  1676. 

16.  All  for  Love,  Tragedy,  167S. 

17.  (Edipus,  by  Dryden  and  Lee,  Tragedy,  1679. 
IS.  Troilus  and  Cressida,  Tragedy,  1679. 

19.  The  Kind  Keeper;  or,  Mr.  LiMBEUHAM,Comedy,1680. 

20.  The  Spanish  Tyrant,  Tragi-Comedy,  1681. 

21.  The  Duke  of  Guise,  by  Dryden  and  Lee,  Tragedy, 

1683. 

22.  Albion  and  Albanius,  Opera,  1685. 

23.  Don  Sebastian,  Tragedy.  1690. 

24.  Amphytrion,  Comedy,  1690. 

25.  Kino  Arthur,  Opera.  1691. 

26.  Cleomenes;  or,  The  Spartan  Hero,  Tragedy,  1692. 

27.  Love  Triumphant,  Tragi-Comedy,  1694. 


DRY 

"  lie  also  brought  upon  the  stage  a  play  of  which  he  only  wrota 
one  scene,  called  The  Slistaken  Husband.  Comedy,  1675." 

See  Biog.  Dramat. ;  and  for  lists  of  Dryden's  various 
publications,  tirst  editions,  Ac,  see  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit,  and 
Biog.  Brit.  To  the  latter  work,  to  Johnson's  and  Scott's 
Lives  of  the  pi>et,  and  to  the  sources  noticed  below,  w© 
must  also  refer  the  reader  for  the  details  of  Dryden's  lite- 
rary life,  his  friendships  and  his  quarrels,  his  successes 
and  defeats,  his  trials  and  his  consolations.  He  was  truly 
"  a  man  of  war  from  his  youth,"  and  his  controversies  witb 
the  Buckiughams,  Rochesters,  Shadwells,  and  Settles  of 
the  day,  present  any  thing  but  a  flattering  picture  of  the 
manners  and  minor  morals  of  that  period.  We  have  al- 
ready animadverted  upon  Dryden's  share  of  culpability  in 
those  abuses  of  the  drama  which  provoked  the  righteous 
indignation  of  Jeremy  Collier.  We  were  pleased  to  be 
able  to  record  also  the  acknowledgment  and  repentance  of 
the  erring  dramatist. 

That  his  religious  impressions  became  more  lively  towards 
the  close  of  his  life,  we  have  good  reason  to  believe.  Shortly 
after  the  accession  of  King  James  he  became  a  convert  to 
the  Church  of  Rome,  in  whose  communion  he  yielded  up 
his  last  breath.  His  sincerity,  indeed,  has  been  much 
doubted  both  by  contemporaries  and  posterity  ;  but  we  are 
loath  to  suspect  hypocrisy  where  the  other  presumption  is 
at  all  tenable.  Scott  is  willing  to  lean  on  the  side  of  cha- 
rity, and  the  comments  of  Dr.  Johnson  exhibit  an  excellent 
specimen  of  his  rare  powers  of  comprehensive  yet  terse 
argumentation : 

"  That  conversion  will  alwivys  be  suspected  that  apparently  con- 
curs with  iuterest.  He  that  never  finds  his  error  till  it  hinders  his 
progress  towards  wealth  or  honour  will  not  be  thought  to  love 
truth  only  for  herself.  Yet  it  may  easily  happen  that  information 
may  come  at  a  commodious  time;  and,  as  truth  and  interest  are 
not  bv  any  fatal  necessity  at  variance,  that  one  may  by  accident 
introduce  the  other.  "When  opinions  are  struggling  into  popularity, 
the  arguments  Ijy  w  hkh  they  are  opposed  or  defended  become  more 
known;  and  he  that  changes  bis  profession  would  perhaps  have 
changed  it  before,  with  the  like  opportunities  of  instruction.  'I'his 
was  the  then  slate  of  Popery ;  every  artilice  was  used  to  show  it  in 
its  fairest  form;  and  it  must  be  owned  to  be  a  religion  of  external 
appearance  sutficiently  attractive." — Liff  of  Drythn. 
j  The  Revolution  dissipated  the  hopes  which  the  polemical 
poet  had  entertained  of  bettering  his  embarrassed  fortunes; 
and  when,  two  years  later,  he  was  called  to  his  last  account, 
he  left  not  enough  of  the  substance  for  which  he  bad  so 
laboriously  toiled  to  carry  him  in  peace  to  the  "  house  ap- 
pointed for  all  living." 

Without  crediting  the  '•  wild  story"  of  the  drunken  brawl 
[  and  "  tumultuary  and  confused"  proceedings  which  are  al- 
j  leged  to  have  interrupted  the  funeral  cortege  and  delayed 
the  solemn  services  for  the  departed,  there  seems  no  reason 
to  doubt  that  the  body  of  the  most  illustrious  Englishman 
of  the  day  was  obliged  to  wait  for  its  last  asylum  until  the 
completion  of  a  hasty  subscription  enabled  the  survivors 
to  discharge  the  expenses  connected  with  its  interment. 
He  lies  iu  Westminster  Abbey,  between  the  graves  of  Chau- 
cer and  Cowley. 

Of  the  family  of  the  poet,  his  widow  died  insane,  after 
surviving  her  husband  fourteen  years.  Charles,  the  eldest 
son,  was  drowned  in  the  Thames,  as  already  mentioned. 
John,  the  second  son,  died  at  Rome  in  1701.  Erasmus 
Henry,  the  third  son,  died  in  1710;  he  succeeded  to  the 
title  of  b.aronet,  which  passed  to  his  uncle,  the  brother  of 
the  poet,  and  thence  to  his  grandson.  The  present  repre- 
sentative of  the  family  (1855)  is  Sir  Henry  Edward  Leigh 
Dryden,  of  Canons-Ashby. 

It  is  now  proper  that  we  should  particularize  those  pro- 
ductions of  Dryden,  in  addition  to  those  already  noticed, 
which  have  secured  him  so  high  and  so  permanent  a  posi- 
tion in  the  repuitlic  of  English  letters.  In  accordance  with 
our  custom,  we  shall  adduce  the  opinions  of  those  who  by 
their  own  reputation  have  earned  a  right  to  a  respectful 
hearing  when  they  pronounce  upon  the  merits  or  demerits 
of  others.  The  limited  space  to  which  we  are  necessarily 
confined  will  be  a  sufficient  apology  for  the  paucity  and 
brevity  of  our  quotations. 

Absalom  and  Achitophel,  1681,  (of  the  2d  part,  1684,  all 
but  200  lines  of  Dryden's  was  written  by  Nahum  Tate.)  is 
a  poetical  satire  against  the  party  which  l)y  the  manage- 
ment of  Lord  Shaftesbury  placed  the  Duke  of  Monmouth 
at  its  head.  The  Duke  of  Buckingham  was  the  ostensible 
author  of  The  Rehearsal,  1671,  in  which  Dryden  was  ridi- 
culed under  the  name  of  Bayes.  The  poet  now  returned 
the  compliment  by  representing  Buckingham  in  the  cha^ 
racterof  Zimri,  in  Absalomand  Achitophel.  To  the  second 
part,  Dryden  contributed  about  200  lines,  in  which  he  in- 
troduces Settle  and  Shadwell  under  the  names  of  Doeg  and 
Og.     He  never  cared  for  disparity  of  numbers : 


DRY 


DRY 


"  Ilis  antagnnists  came  on  with  infinite  zeal  and  fury,  discbarp;- 
ing  their  iU-aiuied  blows  on  every  pjde,  and  exhausted  tht-ir 
»;trength  io  Tiolent  and  ineffectual  rage;  but  tht*  keen  and  tren- 
chant blade  of  Drydeu  nevtT  makes  a  thrust  in  vain,  and  never 
strikes  but  at  a  vulnerable  point."— Sir  Walter  Scott. 

"Of  this  poem,  in  which  personal  satire  was  applied  to  the  sup- 
port of  public  principles,  and  in  which  therefore  every  mind  was 
interested,  the  reception  was  eajrer.  and  the  sale  so  large,  that  uiy 
father,  an  old  bookseller,  told  nie  he  had  uot  known  it  equalled  but 
by  Sacheverell's  trial." — Dh.  Joh.nsox. 

"The  greatest  of  his  satires  is  Absalntn  and  Achitophel,  that 
work  in  which  his  powers  became  fully  known  to  the  world,  aud 
which,  as  many  think,  he  never  suipassed.  .  .  .  The  spontaneous 
ease  of  expression,  the  rapid  transiti'Jiis.  the  general  elasticity  and 
movement,  have  never  been  excelled.'" — IIallam  :  Inlroduc.  to  Lit. 
History. 

The  Medal,  a  satire  against  sedition,  1681,  may  be  con- 
sidered as  a  continuation  of  the  preceding.  It  drew  forth 
bitter  responses,  and  Shadwell's  zeal  against  the  satirist 
was  rewarded  by  his  becoming  the  hero  of  Mac  Flecknoe, 
pub.  in  the  ensuing  year. 

In  this  year,  also,  he  gave  to  the  world  Religio  Laici, 
which  professes  to  be  a  defence  of  the  Holy  Scriptures 
against  deists,  papists,  and  Presbyterians. 

Of  a  far  different  character,  however,  are  the  dogmas 
espoused  in  The  Dialogues  of  the  Hind  and  Panther,  IfiST, 
which  is  a  defence  of  his  newly-adopted  church  against 
the  Church  of  England.  We  need  have  no  doubts  of  the 
result  of  a  controversy  between  the  milk-white  Hind — the 
Church  of  Rome— and  the  Sp-itted  Panther— the  Church 
of  England.  Its  effect,  however,  was  rather  to  injure  than 
aid  the  cause  which  the  p«.ot  had  so  much  at  heart: 

"A  fable  which  exhibits  two  bensts  talkini^  Theology,  appears  at 
once  fuUof  absurdity ;  audit  was  accordiiv^ly  ridiculed  in  the  City 
Mouse  and  Country  Mouse,  a  parody  written  by  Montague,  after- 
wards Karl  «^f  Halifax,  and  Prior,  who  then  gave  the  first  specimen 
of  his  abilities,'" — Dit.  .lonNSON. 

But  Mr.  Hnllam  defends  the  poet's  rather  unusual  vehi- 
cle for  polemical  debate: 

"The  first  lines  in  the  Hind  and  Panther  are  justly  reputed 
among  the  most  musical  in  our  language:  and  perhaps  we  observe 
their  rhythm  the  better  because  it  does  not  gain  much  by  the  sense; 
for  the  allegory  and  the  fable  are  seen,  even  in  the  commencement, 
to  be  awkwardly  blended.  Yet  notwithstanding  their  evident  in- 
coherence, which  sometimes  leads  to  the  verge  of  absurdity,  and 
the  facility  they  give  to  ridicule,  I  am  not  sure  that  Dryden  was 
wrong  in  choosing  this  singular  fiction.  It  was  his  aim  to  bring 
forward  an  old  argument  in  as  novel  a  style  as  he  could;  a  dialogue 
between  a  pi  iest  and  a  parson  would  have  made  but  a  dull  poem, 
even  if  it  had  contained  some  of  the  CNcellent  paragraphs  we  read 
in  the  Hind  and  Panther.  It  is  the  crrotesqueness  and  originality 
of  the  fable  that  gives  this  poem  its  peculiar  zest,  of  which  no 
reader,  I  conceive,  is  insen.sible;  and  it  is  also  by  this  means  that 
Dryden  has  contrived  to  relieve  his  reasoning  by  short  but  beau- 
tiful touches  of  description,  such  as  the  sudden  stream  of  light 
from  Heaven  which  announces  the  concepM'm  of  .Taniess  unfor- 
tunate heir,  near  the  end  of  the  second  book."— /n^ror/uc.  to  Lit. 
History. 

In  1693  appeared  the  folio  which  contained  a  trans,  of 
Juvenal,  partly  by  Dryden,  and  of  Persius,  entirely  by 
Dryden. 

"  A  version  completely  surpassing  all  before  and  all  who  have 
succeeded  him." — Sir  Walter  Scott, 

His  trans,  of  Virgil,  pub.  in  3697,  has  always  been  held 
in  the  highest  estimation  by  many  critics,  but  perhaps  an 
equally  erudite  verdict  could  be  produced  against  it.  Dr. 
Felton  defends  him  against  the  critics: 

*'  Those  who  excel  him,  where  they  observe  he  hath  failed,  will 
fell  b,-low  biin  in  a  thousand  instances  where  he  hath  excelled" 

Dissertation  on  Reading  the  Clnssicks,  1730,  p.  130.  And 
Pope  remarks  in  reference  to  Dryden's  translation  of  some 
parts  of  Homer: 

"  Had  he  translated  the  whole  work,  T  would  no  more  have  at- 
tempted Homer  after  him  than  Tirgil :  his  version  of  whom  (not- 
withstanding some  human  errors)  is  the  most  noble  and  spirited 
trauslatiou  I  know  in  any  language."— /Vf/ut.€  to  PiiptS  trans,  of 
Homer' ^^  Uifl. 

Dr.  Trnpp  (see  his  trans,  of  Virgil  into  blank  verse,  1735) 
and  Mr.  Hallam  may  be  cited  as  dissentients  from  such 
florid  panegyric. 

In  1700  appeared  his  Fables,  Ancient  and  Modern,  trans- 
lated into  verse,  and  modernizeil  from  Homer.  Ovid,  Boc- 
cace.  and  Chaucer.  These  are  pnduibly  tlic  best-known  to 
the  present  generation  of  all  Dryilen's  pieces.  Though 
not  without  faults  of  haste  and  carelessness,  the  merits  of 
this  collection  are  not  to  be  questioned.  In  addition  to 
the  larger  pieces,  there  are  a  number  of 

"  Short  original  poems,  which,  with  bis  prnlocues,  epilogues,  and 
songs,  may  be  comprised  in  Congreve's  remark,  that  even  those, 
if  he  had  written  nothing  else,  would  have  entitled  him  to  the 
praise  of  excellence  in  bis  kind."— Dr.  .Iohnson. 

The  most  celebrated  of  these  compositions  is  the  Ode  for 
St.  Cecilia's  Day,  commonly  known  by  the  name  of  Alex- 
ander's Feast. 

'■  Theode  for  St.  Cecilia's  Bay.  perhaps  the  last  effort  of  his  poetry, 
hasbcenalwaysconsideredasexhil  il  ing  the  hi'j  best  fli^rht  of  fancy, 
aud  the  exactest  nicety  of  art.     This  is  allowed  to  stand  without  a 


rival.  If  indeed  there  is  any  excellence  beyond  it  in  some  other 
of  Dryden's  works,  thate.xcelleuce  must  be  found.  Compared  with 
the  ode  on  Killi;j;rew.  it  may  be  pronounced  perhaps  superior  on 
the  whole,  but  without  any  single  part  equal  to  the  first  stanza  of 
the  other." — Dit.  JoilNtO.v. 

Mr.  Hallam  considers  that  both  of  these  odes  have  been 
much  overrated: 

"  Dryden's  lame  as  a  lyric  poet  depends  a  very  little  on  his  Ode 
on  Mrs.  Killigrew's  death,  but  almost  entirely  on  that  for  St.  Ceci- 
lia's Day.  commonly  called  Alexander  .s  Feast.  The  former,  which 
is  much  praisiid  by  Johnson,  has  a  few  fine  lines,  mingk-d  with  a 
fiir  greater  number  ill  conceived  and  ill  expressed;  the  whole  coni- 
posiliou  has  that  spiiit  which  Dryden  hardly  ever  wanted,  but  it 
is  too  faulty  for  hij^h  praise.  The  latter  used  to  pass  for  the  best 
woik  of  Drydeu,  aud  the  best  ode  in  the  language.  Many  would 
now  agree  with  me  that  it  is  neither  one  nor  the  other,  and  that  it 
was  rather  overrated  during  a  period  when  criticism  Mas  not  at  a 
high  point.  Its  beauties  indeed  are  undeniable;  it  has  the  raci- 
ness.  the  rapidity,  the  mastery  of  language  which  belong  to  Dry- 
den; the  transitions  are  animated,  the  contrasts  effective.  But 
few  lines  are  highly  poetical,  and  some  sink  to  the  level  of  a  com- 
mon drinking-song.  It  has  the  defects,  as  well  as  the  merits,  of 
that  poetry  which  is  written  for  musical  accompauiment." — Intro- 
due.  to  Lit.  Hist. 

If  there  be  a  doubt  whether  Dryden  can  claim  a  place 
in  the  first  class  of  poets,  tbere  can  be  no  question  of  his 
pre-eminence  as  a  writer  of  prose.  A  few  opinions  upon 
this  department  of  his  labours,  together  with  some  com- 
ments upon  his  general  characteristics  as  an  author,  must 
conclude  our  article. 

"  The  niaf  chless  prose  of  Dryden,  rich,  various,  natural,  animated, 
pointed,  lending  itself  to  the  logical  and  the  narrative,  as  well  as 
the  narrative  and  picturesque;  never  balking,  never  cloying, 
never  wearying.  The  vigour,  freedom,  variety,  copiousness,  tha. 
speaks  an  exhaustless  Ibuntaiu  from  its  source:  nothing  can  sui-- 
pass  Dryden." — Lord  Bkolgiiam. 

The  great  Edmund  Burke  studied  the  prose  of  Dryden 
with  no  little  interest  and  profit.  Ilis  principal  prose  com- 
positions are  his  Essay  on  Dramatic  Poetry,  aud  his  ad- 
mirable Prefaces  and  Dedications. 

"  Dryden  may  be  properly  considered  as  the  father  of  English 
criticism,  as  the  writer  who  first  taught  us  to  determine  upon  prin- 
ciples the  merit  of  cooiposition.  Of  our  former  poets,  the  greatest 
dramatist  wrote  without  rules,  conducted  through  life  and  nature 
by  a  genius  that  rarely  misled  aud  rarely  deserted  him.  Of  the 
rest,  those  who  knew  the  laws  of  propriety  had  neglected  to  teach 
them." — Dr.  .Iohnson. 

"Dryden  as  a  critic  is  not  to  be  numbered  with  those  who  have 
sounded  the  depths  of  the  human  mind,  hardly  with  those  who 
analyze  the  language  and  sentiments  of  poets,  and  teach  others  to 
judgebyshowing  why  tbey  have  judged  themselves.  .  .  .  Thestyle 
of  Dryden  was  ^eiy  superior  to  any  that  Kngland  had  seen.  He 
seems  to  have  formed  himself  on  Montaigne.  Balzac,  and  \'oiture; 
but  so  ready  was  his  invention,  so  vigorous  his  judgment,  so  com- 
plete his  mastery  over  his  native  tongue,  that  in  point  of  style  he 
must  be  reckoned  above  all  the  three.  He  bad  the  ease  of  Mon- 
taigne, without  his  negligence  and  embarrassed  structure  of  pe- 
riods; he  had  the  dignity  of  Dalzac,  with  more  vaiied  cadences, 
and  without  his  hyperbolic.il  tumour;  the  unexpected  turns  of 
Voiture,  without  his  affectation  and  air  of  effort."'— Uallam,  vbi 
siijn'a. 

"The  prose  of  Dryden  is  the  most  numerous  and  sweet,  the  most 
mdhw  and  gmernus.  of  any  our  language  has  produced."— Dr. 
Warton  :  AV'oy  on  I\.pe. 

"There  is  no  modern  writer  whose  style  is  more  distinguished. 
Energy  and  ease  are  its  chief  characters.  .  .  .  His  English  is  pure 
and  simple,  nervous  and  clear,  to  a  degree  which  Pope  has  never 
exceeded,  and  not  always  equalled."— Z>r.  Beattie's  Essays. 

Pope's  admiration  of  Dryden  is  well  known.  He  de- 
clared that 

"  He  could  select  from  his  works  better  specimensof  every  mode 
of  poetry  than  any  other  English  writer  could  supply. 

"  As  to  his  writings.  1  may  venture  to  say  in  general  terms,  that 
no  man  hath  written  in  our  language  so  much,  and  so  various 
1  matter,  and  in  so  various  manners,  so  well.  .  .  .  His  prose  had  all 
I  the  clearness  imaginable,  together  with  all  the  nobleness  of  ex- 
I  pression.  all  the  graces  and  ornaments  projx'r  and  peculiar  to  it, 
without  deviating  into  the  language  or  diction  of  poetrv.  1  have 
heard  him  frequently  own  with  pleasure,  that,  if  he  had'any  talent 
of  English  pmse.  it  was  owing  to  liis  having  often  read  the  writ- 
ings of  the  great  Archbishop  Tillotson.  His  versification  and  his 
numlx*rs  he  could  learn  of  nobody:  for  he  first  possessed  those 
talents  in  perfection  in  our  tongue:  and  they  who  have  succeeded 
in  them  since  his  time  have  been  indebted  to  his  example:  and 
the  more  tbey  have  been  able  to  imitate  him.  the  better  thev  have 
succeeded.'— Conor  eve:  Dedication  o/  Dryden's  Dramatic  works  to 
t/ie  Ihile  of  Nervcasth. 

"  I  cannot  pass  by  that  admirable  English  poet,  without  endea- 
vouring to  make  his  country  sensible  of  the  obligations  they  owe 
to  his  Muse.  ^Vhether  they  consider  the  flowing  grace  of  his  ver- 
sification, the  vi'.'orous  sallies  of  his  fiincy.  or  the  peculiar  delicacy 
of  his  periods,  they  will  discover  excellencies  never  to  be  enough 
admired."— Dr.  Garth  :  JV^/.  to  the  trans,  of  Ovid's  Metamorphoses. 

See  Biog.  Brit,  where  will  be  found  also  Hayley's  and 
Churchill's  tributes  to  Dryden,  and  many  other  panegyrics 
well  worth  perusal.  The  celebrated  controversy  between 
Miss  Seward  and  Mr.  "Weston,  respecting  the  comparativo 
merits  of  Dryden  and  Pope,  will  be  found  in  (Jcnt.  Mug., 
1789.  *90.  The  opinions  of  two  distinguislied  modern 
critics,  one  upon  the  merits  of  our  author  as  a  poet,  the 


DRY 

other  respecting  his  excellencies  as  a  writer  of  prose,  must 
conclude  our  citations: 

"  He  is  a  writer  of  manly  and  elastic  character.  His  strong  judg- 
ment gave  force  as  well  as  direction  to  a  flexible  fancy ;  and  his 
harmony  is  generaUy  the  echo  of  solid  thoughts.  But  he  was  not 
gifted  with  intense  or  lofty  sensibility ;  on  the  contrary,  the  grosser 
any  idea  is,  the  happier  he  seems  to  expatiate  upon  it.  The  trans- 
ports of  the  heart,  and  the  deep  and  varied  delineations  of  the 
passions,  are  strangers  to  his  poetry.  lie  could  describe  character 
in  the  abstract,  but  could  not  embody  it  in  the  drdma;  for  he  en- 
tered into  character  more  from  clear  perception  than  fervid  sym- 
pathy. This  great  High-Priest  of  all  the  Nine  was  not  a  confessor 
to  tlie  finer  secrets  of  the  human  breast.  Had  the  subject  of 
Kloisa  fallen  into  his  hands,  he  would  have  left  but  a  coarse  draught 
of  her  p;ission." — (^tmpbrlt's  Essay  on  English  Pwtrij. 

"The  prose  of  Drvden  may  rank  with  the  best  in  the  Knglish 
language.  It  is  no  less  of  liis  own  formation  than  his  versifica- 
tion; it  is  eriually  spirited  and  equally  harmonious.  Without  the 
lengthened  and  pedantic  Sr/ntences  of  Clarendon,  it  is  dignified 
when  dignity  is  becoming,  and  is  lively  without  the  accumulation 
of  strained  and  absurd  allusions  and  metaphnis.  which  were  un- 
fortunately mistal;en  for  wit  by  many  of  the  author's  contempora- 
ries."— Sni  Walter  Scott. 

It  is  ditiicult  to  conclurle  with  so  many  valuable  com- 
ments around  us  yet  lackino;  a  place,  but  there  must  he  an 
end  to  all  articles.  The  reader  can  peruse  the  sul>ject  at 
his  pleasure,  and,  to  aid  his  investigations,  we  recommend 
to  him  the  consultation  of  the  following  worlds,  in  addition 
to  the  many  cited  aljove.  The  biographies,  explanatory 
prefaces,  and  critical  annottttions  to  he  found  in  many  of 
the  specified  editions  of  the  poet's  worlts,  will  prove  in- 
valuable auxiliaries  to  the  proper  understanding  of  his 
productions,  and  the  literary  and  political  history  of  the 
time : 

Miscellaneous  Works,  Lon.,  1702-09,  6  vols.  8vo;  1718, 
6  vols.  12mo.  Plays,  1725,  6  vols.  12mo.  Poems  and 
Translations,  1743.  2  vols.  12mo.  Miscellaneous  Works, 
with  Explanatory  Xotes  and  Observations;  also  an  account 
of  his  Life  and  Writings,  17f)0,  4  vols.  Svo:  edited  hy 
Samuel  Derrick.  Critical  and  Miscellaneous  Prose  Works  ; 
with  Notes  and  Illustrations,  an  Account  of  the  Life  and 
Writings  of  the  Author,  a  Collection  of  his  Writings;  hy 
Edmund  Malonc.  1800,  4  vols.  Svo.  Works,  now  first  col- 
lected, with  Nntcs.  Historical,  Critical,  and  Explanatory, 
and  a  Life  of  the  Author,  by  Walter  Scott,  1808,  18  vols. 
r.Svo;  2dedit., 1821.  18  vols.  Poetical  Works,  with  Notes 
by  Warton ;  edited  by  Mr.  Todd,  1812,  4  vols.  Svo.  Poems, 
with  Memoir  by  Rev.  John  Clifford,  18.34,  5  vols.  12mo; 
and  Boston,  1S54,  5  vols.  12mr<,  Ac.  Poetical  Works,  con- 
taining original  Poems,  Tales,  and  Translations;  with 
Notes  by  the  Rev.  Joseph  Warton,  D.D.,  the  Rev.  John 
Warton,  and  others,  1851,  r.  Svo.  Poetical  Works,  with 
Life,  Critical  Dissertation,  and  Explanatory  Notes,  hy  the 
Rev.  George  Gilfillan,  Edinburgh  and  New  York,  IS.io,  2 
vols.  r.  Svo.  Reviews  of  Dryden's  Works,  and  of  various 
editions:  Scott's  edition,  Edin.  Rev.,  xiii.  116;  Analect. 
Mag.,  ii.  148.  Works,  Edin.  Rev..  (T.  B.  Macaulay,)  xlvii. 
1;  Blackw.  Mag.,  (John  Wilson.)  Ivii.  13.3,  .503.  Dramatic 
Works,  Retrosp.  Rev.,  i.  113.  Poetictil  Works,  Museum, 
xiii.  162.  Prose  Works,  Retrosp.  Rev.,  iv.  55.  Life  and 
Times  of  Dryden,  Eclec.  Rev.,  4th  s.,  xi.  47.  Dryden  on 
Chaucer,  (John  Wilson,)  Blackw.  Mag.,  Ivii.  617,  771.  Dry- 
den and  Pope,  Blackw.  Mag.,  ii.  679;  (John  Wilsou,)  Ivii. 
369.  Dryden  and  his  Times,  Westm.  Rev.,  Ixiii.,  number 
for  April."  1S55. 

Dryden,  Johu,  1663?-1701,  second  son  of  the  pre- 
ceding, trans,  the  lltli  satire  for  his  father's  .Juvenal,  and 
wrote  a  Comely,  for  which  his  father  wrote  a  preface,  en- 
titled The  Husband  his  own  Cuckold,  Lon.,  16S)fi,  4to.  In 
1776  w.as  pub. .from  his  MS.,Voy!ige  to  Sicily  and  MaIta,8vo. 
Dryden,  John,  Surgeon.  Med.  Com.,  1788. 
Drysdale,  John,  D.D.,  1718-1788,  a  native  of  Kirk- 
caldy, ministerof  the  Tron  Church,  Edinburgh,     Serms., 

with  Life  by  A.  Dalzcl,  Edin.,  1793,  2  vols.  Svo. 

"The  style  is  everywhere  forcible  and  impressive,  and,  at  the 
same  time,  pure,  perspicuous,  and  elegantly  simple." — De.  Wm. 

MOODIE. 

"  He  possessed  a  most  uncommon  fertility  of  original  thought." 
— Prof.  Dalzel. 

Drysdale,  Wm,     Popery  Dissected,  1799,  Svo. 

Dryswich,  Ambrose.  The  Setting  Sun;  a  Poem, 
Lon.,  1812,  Svo. 

Dnane,  James,  d.  1797,  first  Mayor  of  N.  York  after 
its  recovery  from  the  British,  member  of  Congress  and 
Judge,  pub.  a  Law  Case.  See  Documentary  History  of  N. 
York. 

Duane,  Matthew.  Coins  of  Macedonia.  The  Plates 
by  Bartolozzi,4to.  Brockett,  1237,  £2  2s.  See  Lowndes's 
Bibl.  Man.,  ii.  614. 

Duane,  Wm.,  of  Philadelphia,  1760-1835,  a  native 
of  the  province  of  New  York.     1.  Mississippi  Question, 


DUG 

Phila.,  1803,  Svo.  2.  Military  Dictionary,  Phila.,  1810, 
8vo.  3.  An  Epitome  of  the  Arts  aud  Sciences,  1811. 
4.  Visit  to  Colombia  in  1822,  '23,  Rvo. 

Duane,  Wm.,  b.  1807,  at  Philadelphia.  1.  Passages 
from  the  Remembrancer  of  Christopher  Marshall,  contain- 
ing a  Revolutionary  Journal ;  edited  by  Wm.  Duane. Phila., 
1839,  12mo.  New  ed.,  enlarged,  entitled  Passages  from  the 
Diary  of  Christopher  Marshall,  1849.  2.  View  of  the  Re- 
lation of  Landlord  and  Tenant  in  Pennsylvania,  1844,  Svo. 
"It  does  infinite  credit  to  the  author,  not  only  fiom  the  clear- 
ness of  its  style,  but  its  lucid  and  judicious  arrangement  of  the 
decisions  upon  the  subject." 

3.  A  View  of  the  Law  of  Roads,  Highways,  Bridges, 
and  Ferries  in  Pennsylvania,  1848,  12mo.  i.  Coffee,  Tea, 
and  Chocolate ;  their  influence  upon  the  health,  the  intel- 
lect, and  the  Moral  Nature  of  Man;  translated  from  the 
French,  IS  16,  12mo. 

Duane,  Wm.  J.,  of  Phila.,  b.  1 780,  ,at  Clonmel,  Ireland. 
1.  The  Law  of  Nations  investigated  in  a  Popular  Manner, 
Phila.,  1809,  Svo.  2.  Letters  to  the  People  of  Penna.  on 
Internal  Improvements,  ISU,  Svo.  3.  Narrative  and  Cor- 
resp.  cooc.  the  Removal  of  the  Deposites,  1838,  Svo. 

Du  Barry,  Edmond  L.,  M.D.,  Surgeon  U.S.  Navy. 
The  United  Stales:  its  Power  and  Progress;  trans,  from 
the  Frcn.-h  of  (iuillaiime  Tell  Poussin,  Phila.,  Svo. 

Dubois,  Edward.  The  Wreath:  translations,  1799, 
Svo.  Old  Nick,  1S02,  3  vols.  12mo.  Boccaccio's  Decame- 
ron, 1S04,  2  vols.  Svo.  Francis's  Horace,  with  addit.  Notes, 
1807.  4  vols.  12mo.     My  Pocket-Book,  1807,  12mo. 

Dubois,  J.  A.     1.  The  Character,  Manners,  Customs, 
and  Institutions  of  the  People  of  India,  Lon.,  4to;  Phila., 
2  vols.  Svo.     2.  Letters  on  Christianity  in  India,  Lon.,  Svo. 
Dubois,  P.  B.     Reflections,  Oxon.,  1721,  Svo. 
Dubois,  Peter.     Serms.,  1732,  '37,  Svo. 
Dubose,  Catherine  A.,  a  daughter  of  the  Rev.  Wm. 
Richards,  is  a  native  of  England,  but  arrived  in  America 
whilst  yet  a  child.     In  1849  she  was  married  to  Mr.  Charles 
W.  Dubose,  a  lawyer  of  Georgia.     Within  the  last  year  or 
two  she  h.as  contributed  a  number  of  poetical  pieces  to  the 
Southern  Literary  Gazette,  edited  by  her  brother,  Mr.  Wm. 
C.  Richards,  of  Charleston,  South  Carolina.     Mrs.  Duboso 
is  .also  a  sister  of  Mr.  Thomas  A.  Richards,  a  painter  and 
poet,  resident  in  New  York. 

Dubost.     Appeal  to  the  Public,  1810,  Svo. 
Dubost,  Chr.     Merchant's  Assist.,  Lon.,  1804,  Svo. 
Elements  of  Com.,  1808,  2  vols.  Svo.     Commer.  Arithmetic, 
Lon.,  I2mo. 
"  A  very  neat,  clear,  and  precise  treatise." — Lon.  Month.  Review. 

Dubourdieu,  John.     Serms.,  ic,  1696-1724. 
Dubourdieu,  John.  Statistical  Survey  of  the  County 
of  Antrim,  Duhl..  1812.  2  vols.  Svo. 

Dubue,  M.  Alcohol,  Phil.  Mag.,  1814. 
Ducarel,  Andrew  Coltee,  171.3-1785,  an  eminent 
antiquary  and  civilian,  commissary  of  St.  Catherine's  and 
Canterbury,  pub.  a  number  of  topograpliical  and  antiqua- 
rian works,  a  list  of  which  will  be  found  in  Watt's  Bibl. 
Brit,  and  notices  in  Nichols's  Literary  Anecdotes.  Two 
of  his  best-known  works  are:  Anglo-Gallic,  Norman,  .and 
Aquitain  Coins.  Lon.,  1757, 4to.  A  new  edit,  h.as  been  long 
promised.  Anglo-Norman  Antiquities  consideredin  a  Tour 
through  Normandy,  1767,  fol. 

'■  A  valu.Tble  work  on  this  particular  subject." — SUvenson^s  Voy- 
ages and  Tiaids. 

Ducarel,  P.  J.  Orig.  Poems  and  tr.ans.,  1807,  or.  Svo. 
De  Wyrhale,  Svo.     Paraphrase  of  the  Psalms,  ic,  Svo. 

Duchal,  James,  1697-1761,  an  Irish  Nonconformist 
divine,  settled  successively  at  Cambridge,  Antrim,  and 
Dublin.  Arguments  for  the  truth  of  the  Chris.  Relig.,  4c., 
Lon.,  1753,  Svo. 

"A  work  of  singular  merit." — Kippis. 
Serm.,  2d  ed.,  1765,  3  vols.  Svo. 

"  Our  author's  style  is  in  general  nervous  and  clear." — Lon.  Ciil'- 
cal  Review. 

Duche",  Jacob,  D.D.,  d.  1798,  aged  about  fiO,  Rector 
of  Christ's  Church  and  St.  Peter's,  Philadelphia,  was  a  na- 
tive of  that  city.  His  pulpit  oratory  was  greatly  admired. 
Serin.,  1775,  Svo.  Cispipina's  Letters,  Phila.,  1774,  12mo  ; 
Bath,  England,  1777,  2  vols.  Svo.  See  Rich's  Bibl.  Amer. 
Nova,  1774,  '77.  Letter  to  Gen.  Washington  on  the  Decla- 
ration of  Independence,  Bath,  1777,  4to.  Discourses  on 
various  Subjects,  Lon.,  1779,  2  vols.  Svo;  1790.  Three 
edits.     Serm.,  1781,  8vo. 

"  His  discourses  have  great  warmth  and  spirit;  and  at  times  are 
in  the  straiu  of  our  old  divines." — Lon.  Monthly  Review. 

Duck,  Arthur,  1580-1619,  .an  eminent  English  civi- 
lian. Chancellor  of  London,  and  M.ister  of  the  Requests. 
Vita  Henrici  Chichele,  Ac,  Oxon.,  1017,  4to.  In  English, 
aud  added  to  Bates's  Lives,  Lon.,  1681,  4to;  and  again 


DUG 


Cup 


pub.,  1C99.  Sro.  De  Tsu  et  Auctoritafc  .Juris  Civilis  Eo- 
innnorum  in  dominiisprincipum  Christianorum,  Lon.,  10.t3, 
'7U,  8vo ;  several  edits,  at  home  and  abroad  ;  added  to  De 
Ferriere's  Hist,  of  the  Civil  Law,  Lon.,  1724,  8vo.  In 
this  worli  Buck  had  the  assistance  of  the  learned  Dr.  Ge- 
rard Langbaine. 

Duck,  Stephen,  who  drowned  himself  in  the  Thames 
in  a  fit  of  in.'Jajiity,  wa.s  originally  a  thresher,  but  became 
a  clergyman  of  the  Church  of  England.  Ho  wrote  a  good 
deal  of  jjoetry,  which  is  only  remarkable  from  the  humble 
condition  and  limited  opportunities  of  the  author.  The 
render  will  find  his  biography  in  Southey's  Lives  of  Un- 
educated Poets.  Poems,  Lon.,  1730,  8vo;'l736.4to;  1738, 
8vo.  Truth  and  Falsehood,  a  Fable,  1734,  fol.  Alrick 
and  Is.lbel,  a  Poem,  1740,  fol.  Caesar  Camp,  a  Poem,  1755, 
4to.  Poems,  with  Memoirs  of  his  Life  by  Spenee,1794,12mo. 
Swift  indulges  in  some  humour  at  the  expense  of  Duck's 
poetical  pretensions. 

Duckett,  Sir  George.  Trans,  of  Michaclis's  BurLil 
and  Resurrection  of  Jesus  Christ,  Lon.,  1827,  12mo.  Mi- 
chaelis  shows  that  the  testimony  of  the  evangelists  is  suffi- 
cient to  place  the  resurrection  of  Christ  beyond  the  reach 
of  doubt.  See  a  review  in  British  Critic  and  Theolog. 
Kov.,  v.  531. 

Duckett,  Thomas.  Proceedings  concerningthe  im- 
provement of  all  manner  of  Land,  *tc.,  Ifi59. 

Ducy,  Sir  Simon.  Speech  against  the  12  Bishops 
accused  of  High  Treason,  Lon.,  1642.  4to. 

DuddcU,  Benj.    Treatises  on  the  Eye,  Lon.,  1729-36. 
Dudgeon,  G.     Overseers  of  the  Poor,  Lon.,  1838,  Svo. 
Dudgeon,  U'm.     Unity  of  God,  Ac,  1737,  Svo. 
Dudley.     See  North. 

Dudley,  Dean,  b.  1823.  in  Kingfield,  Maine,  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Boston  Bar.  1.  The  Dudley  Genealogies,  Bost., 
1S48,  8vo.  2.  Pictures  of  Life  in  England  and  America, 
1851,  8vo. 

Dudley,  Earl.  Letters  to  the  Bishop  of  LlandafF,  2d 
ed.,  Lon.,  1840,  8vo. 

'■A  most  interesting  volume." — Lon.  Lit.  tlazetU. 
Dudley,  C  W.      Reports  Cases  Ct.  Appeals  S.  Caro- 
lina, 1837,  '38,  Columbia,  1838,  Svo ;  ditto.  Cases  at  Law, 
1837,  '38,  Columbia,  1838,  Svo. 

Dudley,  Dud.     Met.-iUum  Martis,  Lon.,  1665,  12mo. 
Dudley, Edmund,  1462-1510. osccutedfor high  trea- 
son, wrote  a  book,  still  in  MS.,  entitled  The  Tree  of  the 
Commonwealth. 

Dudley,  r.     Amoroso,  a  Novel,  1810. 
Dudley,  G.  M.     Reports  Cts.  Law  and  Chancery  of 
Georgi.a,  N.  York,  1837,  Svo. 

Dudley,  Sir  Gamaliel.  Letter  to  Prince  Rupert, 
O.\on.,  1644,  Svo. 

Dudley,  Howard.  Hist  and  Antiq.  of  Horsham, 
1836,  sm.  Svo.  Composed,  printed,  and  the  Illustrations 
engraved  and  lithographed  from  original  Sketches  by  a 
youth  under  sixteen. 

Dudley,  Rev.  Sir  Henry  Bate,  1745-1824,  Bart, 
LL.D.,  Prebendary  of  Ely,  was  distinguished  as  a  political, 
literary,  and  convivial  character,  and  still  more  as  a  most 
energetic  magistrate.  He  established  several  influential 
journals,  and  wrote  eight  dramatic  pieces,  for  a  list  of  which 
see  Biog.  Dramat.  The  Rival  Candidates,  a  Comic  Opera, 
was  pub.  in  1775.  Svo,  and  The  Travellers  in  Switzerland, 
also  a  Comic  Opera,  in  1793,  Svo;  and  again  in  1794,  Svo. 
Sir  Henry  also  wrote  some  tracts  on  political  economy. 
See  a  biographical  notice  of  this  gentleman  in  the  Gent. 
Mag.,  vol.  seiv.,  pt  2,  273,  638. 
Dudley,  I^ady  Jane.  See  Grky. 
Dudley,  John,  Duke  of  Northumberland,  Ac,  1502- 
1  .'i53,  father-in-law  of  the  preceding,  and  also  executed  for 
high  treason.  Sayings  vpon  the  Scaffulde,  Lon.,  1553,  Svo ; 
and  s.  a, 

Dudley,  John,  Archdeacon  of  Bedford.  Sermon  on 
Phil.  iii.  16,  1729,  Svo;  two  do.  on  the  Privileges  of  the 
Clergy,  1731,  Svo. 

Dudley,  John.  Serm.,  Lon.,  1807,  4to.  Metamor- 
jihosis  of  Sona:  a  Hindoo  Tale,  1811,  Svo. 

Dudley,  John.  Identity  of  the  Niger  and  the  Nilc,lS21. 
Dudley,  Rev.  John.      Naology;   or  a  Treatise  on 
Saore.l  Structures.  Lon.,  1 846.  Svo.     The  Anti-Materialist; 
denying  the  lieality  of  Matter,  1849,  Svo. 

Dudley,  .loshua.     His  Memoirs,  Lon.,  1772.  Svo. 
Dudley,  Sir  MattheAV.     On  Insects  in  the  Bark  of 
decaying  Elms  and  Ashes,  Phil.  Trans.,  1705. 

Dudley,  Paul,  1675-1751,  Chief  Justice  of  Massa- 
chusetts, pub.  12  treatises  on  Nat  Hist.  Ac.  in  Phil.  Trans., 
1720-35,  and  a  thcnlog.  essay  against  the  Church  of  Rome. 
Dudley,  Robert,  1532?-158S,  Earl  of  Leicester,  sod 


to  John,  Duke  of  Northumberland,  and  a  favourite  of 
Queen  Elizabeth.  Speeches;  preserved  in  the  Cabala, 
Strvpc's  Annals,  and  Peck's  Desiderata  Curiosa.  Lawcs 
and  Ordinances,  Lon.,  4to.  See  Secret  Memoirs  of  the 
Earl  of  Leicester,  1706.  Svo;  His  Life,  1727,  Svo;  Secret 
Memoirs  of  Queen  Elizabeth.  1706,  8vo. 

Dudley,  Sir  Robert,  1573-1639,  son  of  the  preced- 
ing, by  the  Lady  Douglas  Sheflield,  lived  in  great  magni- 
ficence at  his  castle  in  Florence,  where  he  ended  his  days. 
Voyage  to  the  Isle  of  Trinidad;  see  Uakluyt's  Voyages,  p. 
574,1698.  Catholicon.  A  Proposition  :  see  Rus'hworth's 
Collei-tions.     Del  I'Arcano  del  Mere,  1636,  '46,  fol. ;  1661. 

Dudley,  Sir  Wm.     His  Case,  fol. 

Duer,  John,  LL.D.,  1782-1858,  an  eminent  jurist,  a 
native  of  Albany,  N.Y.  His  publications  are  :  1.  A  Lecture 
on  the  Law  of  Representations  in  Marine  Insurances,  with 
Notes  and  Illustrations,  N.  York,  1S44,  pp.  256.  Mr.  Ar- 
nould  praises  tins  work  as  "vigorous,  learned,  and  original." 
(Arnould  on  Mar.  Ins.,  Lon.,  1848,  vol.  i.  489,  note.) 

2.  The  Law  and  Practice  of  Marine  Insurance  deduced 
from  a  critical  examination  of  adjudged  eases,  the  nature 
and  analogies  of  the  subject,  and  the  general  usage  of 
commercial  nations,  vol.  i.,  pp.  775,  N.  York,  1845  ;  vol.  ii., 
pp.  808,  N.  York,  1846,  Svo.  A  full  review  and  critical 
analysis  of  this  ebaborate  work,  from  the  pen  of  Professor 
Moore  of  the  University  of  Edinburgh,  will  be  found  in  the 
London  Magazine  and  Quarterly  Review  of  Jurisprudence, 
for  November,  1848.     Tlie  writer  says; 

*'  We  are  confident  that  this  work  of  Dr.  Duer  on  the  important 
rontrnot  of  Marine  Insurance  will  not  suffer  by  a  conip.'^rison  with 
the  «*i itin^s  of  any  other  juiist.  It  is.  so  far  as  it  has  t;one,  the 
most  complete  and  able  treatise  on  the  subject  which  has  ever  ap- 
peared in  our  l.inguage." 

3.  A  Discourse  on  the  Life.  Character,  and  Public  Ser- 
vices of  James  Kent,  late  Chancellor  of  the  State  of  New 
York,  delivered  by  request  before  the  Judiciary  and  Bar  of 
the  City  and  State  of  N.  York,  April  12,  1848 :  N.  York, 
D.  Appleton  A  Co.,  1848. 

"  A  most  able  and  interesting  eulogy."— W.  C.  Brunt. 

4.  Reports  of  Cases  argued  and  determined  in  the  Supe- 
rior Court  of  the  City  of'  N.  York  ;  vol.  v.  Mr.  Duer  waa 
one  of  the  revisers  of  the  laws  of  New  York  ;  and  in  con- 
junction with  his  colleagues,  the  Hi>n.  Bcnj.amin  F.  Butler 
and  the  Hon.  John  C.  Sponcer,  has  published  three  editions 
of  the  Revised  Statutes  of  that  State.  He  w.as  Chief-Jus- 
tice of  the  Superior  Court  of  the  city  of  New  York,  and 
official  reporter  of  its  decisions,  at  the  time  of  his  death. 

Duer,  William  Alexander,  1780-1858,  brother  of 
the  preceding.  Their  father  was  Col.  Wm.  Duer.  a  pro- 
minent delegate  to  the  Continental  Congress,  and  their 
mother  was  a  daughter  of  Lord  Stirling,  of  the  Revolution. 
Both  brothers  occupied  a  high  position  in  their  native 
State.  They  died  within  a  few  weeks  of  each  other.  Ho 
was  the  author  of  two  pamphlets  addressed  to  Cadwallader 
D.  Colden  on  the  Steamboat  Controversy. 

Dufay.  Oil  of  Olives  as  a  Cure  for  the  Bite  of  Vipers ; 
Phil.  Trans.,  1738. 

Duff,  A.  Feudal  Rights,  Edin.,  1838,  Svo.  Deeds, 
chiefly  aflecting  Movables,  1840,  Svo.  Comment  on  Re- 
cent Stat  in  Conveyancing,  1847,  Svo. 

Duff,  Alexander,  D.D.,  b.  1808,  Perthshire,  Scot- 
land, of  the  Free  Church  of  Scotland  Mission,  Calcutta, 
Missi(ms  the  Chief  End  of  the  Christian  Church,  Edin., 
1839,  ISmo.     On  India  and  India  Missions,  1839,  Svo. 

"  India  and  India  Missions  will  doubtless  take  a  high  place  in 
the  Christian  literature  not  merely  of  the  day  but  of  the  age,  and 
greatly  extend  the  missionary  spirit  and  zeal  of  the  country." — 
Guardian.    See  also  Presbyterian  Keview. 

The  Jesuits :  their  Origin,  Ac. ;  2d  ed.,  1845,  Svo.  Mis- 
sionary Addresses,  1850,  fp.  Svo.  Addresses  at  the  Asseni. 
of  the  Free  Church,  1851,  fp.  Svo.  Other  works  on  Missions. 
The  Indian  Rebellion  :  its  Causes  and  Results.  1858,  Svo. 

Duff,  James  Grant.  A  Hist  of  the  Mahrattas,  Lon., 
1826,  3  vols.  Svo. 

'•Besides  the  records  of  the  Mahratta  Governments  of  Poona 
and  Satara,  and  those  of  the  English  East  India  Company,  the 
authorities  for-  this  work  are  from  a  great  variety  of  authentic 
sources,  hitherto  inaccessible  to  the  public." 

Dnff,  p.  North  American  Accountant,  N.  York,  Svo. 
A  comprehensive  and  valuable  work. 

Duff,  Rev.  W.  Original  Genius,  1767,  Svo.  Criti- 
cisms on  Poetry,  1770,  Svo.  History  of  Rhedi.  Letters, 
1807,  Svo. 

Duff,  Wm.  His  Case,  1739,  Svo.  Hist  of  Scotland 
from  Robert  Bruce  to  James  VI.,  Lon.,  1750.  fol. 

Duffcriu,  Lady,  grandilaughter  of  Richard  Brinsley 
Sheridan,  and  sister  of  the  Hon.  Mrs.  Norton,  has  written 
many  luqnilar  songs  and  ballads,  of  which  the  Irish  Emi- 
grant's Lament  is  the  best  known. 


DUF 


Singular  conduct  of  Sir  W.  Lewes, 


Dufferin,  Lord.  Letters  from  Ilisb  LatiUiilos:  Tieing 
some  account  of  a  Yacht-Voyage  to  Icclan.l,  Jan  Mayen, 
and  SpitzbcrfTcn  in  1S56,  Lon.,  cr.  Svo.    Highly  commended. 

Duffett,  Thomas.  New  Poems,  S.mgs.  Prologues, 
and  Epilogues,  L.ui..  lOTH.  Svo.  See  a  list  ..f  his  [days  in 
Biog.  Dramat.     He  ridiculed  Dryden.  Shadwcll,  and  Settle. 

"  A  vein  of  scurrility  and  personal  ill-uaturo  is  anljarent." 

Duliie,  C.  R.     Serms.  for  Children,  N.  York,  ISmo. 

Sorms.,  2  viils.  Svo.  ,  . 

Dulfield,  George,  1732-1790,  a  Presbyterian  minister 

of  Philadelpliia.     Tour  with  Mr.  Beatty  along  the  frontiers 
of  Penna.     Thanksgiving  Sermon  for  the  restoration  of 

Peace,  1783.  .      a   ■  ■.     i 

Dutfield,  George,  b.  1 794,  in  Pennsylvania.  Spiritual 
Life  Svo.  Dissertation  on  the  Prophecies,  16mo.  Mil- 
lenai-ianism  Defended,  Ifimo.  Fugitive  Discourses  on 
Slavery,  Capital  Punishment,  Ac.  Claims  of  Episcopal 
Bishop's  Examined,  !6nio.  Obligation  and  Perpetuity  of 
the  Christian  Sabbath,  IGino.  Contributor  to  the  Biblical 
Kepository.  Presbyterian  Mag.,  Ac 
Dutfield,  John. 

Dufief,  N.  G.  Nature  Displayed  in  teaching  French, 
19th  ed.,  Lon.,  1841.  2  vols.  p.  Svo;  2l6t  ed.,  Phila.,  2  vols. 
Svo;  Spanish,  1S26,  2  vols.  Svo. 

"  The  Krc.itest  merit  of  Mr.  DuBef  s  system  is,  in  our  opinion.  Its 
being  so  perf.otiv  adapted  to  Koglish  people."-I.on.  Muga:me^ 
Pronouncing  Fr.  and  Eng.  Diet,,  new  ed..  1847,  p.  Svo. 
Dufour,  Alex.     Letter  resp.  the  Naval  Pillar.  1799. 
Dufour,  \V.     Diseases  of  the  Urinary  Passages,  Ac., 
Lon..  1794,  ISftl,  'OS,  Svo.     Cure  of  Rupture,  Svo. 

Dufton,  Will.  Deafness  and  Diseases  of  the  Ear, 
Lon  ,  1844.  12mo.     Amer.  ed.,  Phila..  1848,  12mo. 

Duganne,  Augustine  J.  H.,bnrn  1823,  in  the  city 
of  Boston,  is  the  author  of  many  contributions  to  our  na- 
tional literature,  both  in  verso  and  prose. 

"  Of  the  former  he  has  pub. :  Home  Poems,  Ticknor,  Bos- 
ton, 1844,  ISmo.  The  Iron  Harp,  Philada.,  1847,  ISmo. 
The  Lvdian  Queen,  a  Tragedy,  produced  at  the  Walnut  St. 
Theatre,  Pbihi.,  1848.  MDCCCXLVIIL,  or  the  Year  of  the 
People,  1849.  Parnassus  in  Pillory,  a  Satire,  Adrianee  &  Co., 
N.York,  1851.  The  Mission  of  Intellect,  a  Poem,  delivered 
at  Metropolitan  Hall,  Jan.  20,  1852.  The  Gospel  of  La- 
bour, a  Poem,  delivered  before  Mercantile  Library,  N.  York, 
1853.  The  True  Republic:  delivered  in  N.  Y'ork,  1854, 
Poetical  ^Vl.rks,  Phila.,  1856,  Svo;  illustrateil :  the  first 
complete  collection  of  his  poems.  Pro.se-Writings  :  a  series 
of  critiques  on  contemporary  authors,  published  in  Sartain's 
Magazine  under  the  title  of  'Revised  Leaves:'  several 
Dramas,  twenty  or  thirty  Novelettes  and  Romances,  and 
a  large  number  of  papers  upon  a  variety  of  subjects,  under 
various  iinma  tic  plume,  in  the  different  magazines  and  jour- 
n,als  of  the  day."  We  subjoin  a  criticism  from  the  pen  of 
Wm.  H.  Burleigh : 

"  Mr.  Duiianne's  lyric;il  powers  are  characterized  by  a  nervous 
energy,  a  generous  sympathy  with  humanity,  a  wonderful  com- 
mand of  language,  and  an  ardent  hatred  of  wrnnjx  and  oppression 
in  all  their  forms.    Tliese  poems  we  have  read  with  a  keen  delight 
and  a  growing  admiration  of  their  author's  genius.    They  have  a 
distinct  character  of  their  own— and  are  evidently  the  strong,  un- 
restrained, and  indignant  utterances  of  a  bold  spirit,  deeply  pene- 
trated with  a  love  for  its  kind,  and  intolerant  of  all  despotisms." 
Dugard,  Samuel.     Thcolog.  treatises,  1673,  '87. 
Dugard,  Thomas.     Death  and  the  Grave,  1649. 
Dugard,  Wm.,  1605-1662,  an  eminent  schoolmaster, 
pub.  a  Ijreek  Lexicon  and  other  educational  works,  1660,  Ac. 
Dugdale,  Gilbert.     The  Time  Triumphant,  or  the 
Arrival  of  King  James  into  England,  Lon.,  1604,  4to. 

Dugdale,  Sir  John,  son  of  Sir  William  Dugdale.  A 
Catalogue  of  the  Nobility  of  England  according  to  Prece- 
dencies, Lon.,  1685,  a  single  folio  sheet;  reprinted  with 
addits.  in  1690. 

Dugdale,  Richard.  Wicked  Plots  carried  on  by 
Seignior  Genelamon,  1679,  Ac. 

Dugdale,  Stephen.  His  Information  at  the  Bar  of 
Commons,  1680,  fol. 

Dugdale,  Sir  William,  1605-1686,  ore  of  the  most 
distinguished  of  the  many  learned  antiquaries  of  whom 
England  can  boast,  was  a  native  of  Shustoke,  near  Coles- 
hill,  Warwickshire.  He  was  educated  at  the  free-school 
of  Coventry,  and  afterwards  instructed  in  civil  law  and 
history  by  his  father.  In  1638  he  settled  in  London,  and 
formed  an  acquaintance  with  several  noted  antiquaries, 
whose  influence  promoted  his  taste  for  the  departments 
of  learning  in  which  they  delighted.  By  the  aid  of  Sir 
Henry  Spclman  he  was  created  a  pursuivant-at-arms  ex- 
traordinary, by  the  n.ame  of  Blauch  Lyon;  in  11540  was 
made  Rouge-Croix-pursuivant  in  ordinary,  and  in  1677 


DUG 

was  solemnly  created  Garter  principal  king-.at-arms.    The 
ne.xt  day.  much  against  his  will,  the  king  conferred  upon 
him  the  hmiour  of  knighthood.     To  this  step  Charles  IL 
was  no  doubt  incited  by  gratitude,  as  much  as  by  the  ex- 
traordinary merits  of  the  antiqu.ary,  for  Dugdale  had  been 
one  of  the' most  devoted  adherents  of  Charles  I.     We  pro- 
ceed to  notice  his  principal  works:  1.  Monasticon  Angli- 
canuni,  Londini,  1655,  '61,  '73,  3  vols.  fol.     Vols.  i.  and  ii. 
were  collected  and  written  by  Roger  Dodsworth,  but  ar- 
ranged, supplied  with  indexes,  and  corrected  through  the 
press,  by  Dugdale.     Dodsworth  died  before  the  tenth  part 
of  the  first  vol.  was  printed.     The  general  preface  to  the 
Monasticon  was  written  by  Sir  John  Marsham.     Vol.  i. 
was  reprinted  with  addits.  in  1682,  and  the  whole  work  was 
epitomized  in  English,  page  by  page,  by  James  Wright, 
the  historianof  Rutlandshire,  in  1695,  1  vol.  fol.     Another 
edit.,  abridged,  in  English,  was  pub.  in  1718,  fob,  and  two 
adilitional  vols.,  entitled  The  History  of  the  Ancient  Ab- 
beys, Monasteries,  Hospitals,  Cathedrals,  and  Collegiate 
Churches,  were  pub.  in  1722,  '23,  fob,  by  Capt.  John  Ste- 
vens.    Mr.  Peck  announced  a  fourth  vol.  as  nearly  ready 
in  1735,  (never  pub..)  and  left  some  MS.  vols,  in  4to,  now 
in  the  British  Museum.     See  Nichols's  Literary  Anecdotes, 
and  Ayscough's  Catalogue,  vol.  i.,  p.  65-67.     A  new  ediU 
of  the  Monasticon,  considerably  enlarged  and  improved 
by  John  Caley,  Henry  Ellis,  and  the  Rev.  B.  Bandinel.D.D., 
was  pub.  in  54  parts,  1817-30,  at  £141  15«.:  on  imp.  fob, 
large  paper,  proofs.  £283  10».     Re-issue,  1846,  8  vols,  fob, 
£31  10«. ;  in  1849  at  20s.  pr.  part.     Pub.  as  Coney's  Archi- 
tecture of  the  Middle  Ages,  in  parts,  containing  12  plates, 
at  one  guinea  each.     The  new  edit.,  1817-30,  (again,  1846, 
Ac.)  of  the  Monasticon,  contains  241  views  of  ecclesiasti- 
cal edifices— Monasteries,  Abbeys,  Priories,  Ac. — engraved 
by  Coney  after  the  originals  by  Hollar  and  King. 

"Cette  edit,  renferme  toute  la  substance  de  la  continuation  de 
Stevens,  d'autres  augmentations  et  les  notes  des  Sditeurs;  en 
outre,  beaucoup  de  nouvelles  figures  sont  ajnutSes  aux  anciennes, 


([ue  Ton  a  copiies  avec  exactitude.    Tels  sont  les  avantages  qui  la 
font  preferer  aux  premieres  edit."  — Bkonet:  Manurl.  d-c. 

"This  New  Eiiitiox  is  the  onlv  one  which  can  be  hereafter  con- 
sulted for  information,  or  quoted  for  authority,  on  subjects  con- 
nected with  Church  Historv  and  Ecclesiastical  Property.  .  .  It  may 
bo  honestly  avowed  that  the  annals  of  the  Press,  in  no  country 
throughout  Europe,  can  hoast  of  a  noliler  performance :  whether 
on  the  score  of  accuracv.ind  folnessof  intelligence,  or  of  splendour 
of  paper,  type,  and  graphic  embellishments."- WMin's  Library 
Compamim. 

To  give  some  idea  of  the  vast  expense  of  the  new  edit., 
we  need  only  mention  that  the  cost  of  drawing  and  en- 
graving the  plates  was  six  thousand  guineas  ! 

Of  the  value  of  this  great  work  it  would  be  difficult  to 
speak  in  terms  of  exaggeration : 

'•  Next  to  Doomsd.ay  Book,  it  is  the  most  ancient  and  ample  re- 
cord of  the  history  and  descent  of  the  greatest  portion  of  the  landed 
priipertv  of  this  country,  and  has  been  admitted  as  evidence  in  a 
court  of  justice,  where  the  original  documents  had  perished.  To 
the  Clergv  this  work  possesses  an  interest  not  only  of  an  antiqua- 
rian and  historical  character,  but  one  which  has  a  more  solid  claim 
to  THElB  NOTICE.  Bv  its  mcaus  they  are  freijuently  enabled  to  set- 
tle, without  employing  the  costly  machinery  of  the  law,  disputed 
questions  respi^cting  the  property  of  the  Church;  and  a  reference 
to  a  verv  copious  index  added  bv  the  Editors  to  the  Work,  will 
show  at'  once  that  there  is  scarCLdy  a  single  parish  which  is  not 
mentioned  in  its  pages.  „.  .     .        .. 

-Tlio  Clergy,  the  Lawyer,  tho  Antiquary,  the  Ilistorian,  the 
Architect,  and  Topographer,  as  well  as  the  possessor  of  real  pro- 
perty, will  find  the  Monasticon  ANoiiciNtiM  one  of  the  most  inte- 
resting and  in  dispensable  works  that  has  ever  issued  from  the  press 
of  this  country." 

The  reader  will  find  some  valuable  remarks  on  this  work, 
and  many  interesting  particulars  respecting  the  author,  in 
Tho  Life,  Diary,  and  Correspondence  of  Dugdale,  by  Win. 
Hamper,  1S27,  r.  4to. 

2.  The  Antiquities  of  Warwickshire,  1656,  fob      This 
work  was  the  result  of  twenty  years'  indefatigable  research. 
"It  must  stand  at  the  he.id  of  all  our  county  histories."— Oovoir. 
"  There  are  works  which  scrupulous  accuracy,  united  with  stub- 
born integrity,  has  elevated  to  the  rank  of  legal  evidences;  such 
is  Dugdale's  SVarwickshire."— Da.  WniTAKEn. 

Second  edit.,  revised,  augmented,  .and  continued  by  Wm. 
Thomas,  D.D.,  1730,  2  vols.  fol. 

Mr.  Gough  charges  Dr.  Thomas  with  being  careless  m 
his  authorities,  and  giving  himself  very  little  pains  to  ob- 
tain information.  The  Antiquities  of  Warwickshire  Illus- 
trated. Coventry.  1765,  fol.  This  wretched  affair  was  pub. 
by  a  bookseller,  who  could  not  bo  punished  by  banishment 
to  Coventry,  as  he  already  graced  that  famous  locality. 
3.  Tho  History  of  St.  Pnul'.s  Cathedral  in  London,  from  its 
first  foundation.  Lon.,  1658,  fol. ;  2d  edit.,  corrected  by  tho 
author's  own  hand,  with  autobiog.  details,  by  Edward  May- 
nard,  D.D.,  1716,  fol.  New  edit.,  with  a  continuation  and 
addit.  matter,  and  some  new  plates,  by  Sir  Henry  Ellis, 
1818.  fol.  This  edit,  is  printed  in  double  columns,  and  the 
'  42? 


DUG 


DUN 


plates,  principally  by  W.  Fiiulen,  are  faitiiful  copies  from 
the  originals.  Tiie  addit.  plates  are  illustrations  of  the 
present  cathedral.  4.  The  History  of  Imbanking  and 
Drayuing  of  divers  Ferns  and  Marshes,  1662,  fol.  This 
valuable  worit  was  published 

'•  At  the  instance  of  the  Lord  tJorges  and  others,  who  were  the 
principal  adventurers  in  that  costly  and  laud.iMe  undertaking  tor 
drainin;!:  the  threat  level  ext#ndiiij;  into  a  considerable  part  of  the 
counties  of  Cambridge,  Huntingdon,  Northampton,  Norfolk,  and 
Suffolk."— WciOD. 

Second  edit.,  revised  and  corrected,  with  three  indexes, 
by  Charles  Nalson  Cole,  1772.  fol.  5.  Origines  Juridiciales; 
or  Hist.  Memoirs  of  the  English  Laws.  Ctmrts  of  Justice, 
Forms  of  Trial,  Ac,  1666,  foL;  2d  edit.,  with  addits.  in 
the  Savoy,  Lon.,  1671,  fol.  j  3d  edit.,  with  addits.,  Lon., 
1680,  fol. 

*'  Uur  tirst  inquiries  after  the  History  of  the  Laws  of  this  king- 
dom onirht  to  beL'in  with  the  careful  rcadint:  of  Sir  William  Dug- 
dale's  Oi-igiiics  Jtiridiciiihs ;  which  we  shall  find  so  accurately 
penned,  and  «itU  so  good  a  mixture  of  learning  and  judi^mcnt, 
that  'twill  almost  do  the  work  alone.  I  cannot  give  a  better  view 
of  this  most  elaborate  treatise,  than  by  telling  the  reader  that  it 
fully  answers  its  title-page." — Bishop  Nicolson  :  Eiig.  Hist.  Lib. 

6.  Chronica  Juridicialia,  1658,  Svo.  A  good  abridgement 
of  the  above.  The  compiler  ^vni^  faithful,  in  one  sense  at 
least,  for  he  transfers  Sir  William's  materials  by  wholesale 
to  his  own  pages,  at  which  unblushing  piracy  old  Anthony 
Wood  waxes  wroth  ;  "  Published,"  says  he,  *'  by  some  down- 
right plagiary,  purposely  to  get  a  little  money." 

7.  The  Baronage  of  England,  1675,  '76,  :i  vols,  in  2,  fol. 
"A  work  abounding  in  the  most  valuable  information." — Rev. 

J.  Hunter:  Nisi,  of  ILdlamshiv.. 

"  A  work  which  will  exist  to  the  latest  age,  as  a  monument  of  its 
author's  historical  knowledge  and  antiquarian  learning." 

"  The  Baronage  is  distinguished  by  the  most  laborious  research 
and  extraoidinaryaccuiucy,  and  confers  honour  upon  its  author." 
— Sir  N.  Harhis  Nicolas. 

8.  Short  View  of  the  late  Troubles  in  England,  Oxf.,  1681, 
fol.  9.  The  Antient  Usage  in  bearing  of  Arras,  Oxf.,  16.S2, 
12mo;  16S3,  '85,  '90.  New  edit.,  with  addits.  by  T.  C. 
Banks,  1811,  fol.  10.  A  Perfect  Copy  of  all  Summons  of 
the  Nobility  to  the  Great  Councils  and  Parliaments  of  this 
Eealme,  Lon.,  1685,  fol.  Sir  William  also  pub.  a  second 
Tol.  of  Sir  Henry  Spelmau's  Councils  in  1664:  John  Sel- 
den's  Discourse  concerning  the  office  of  Lord  Chancellor 
of  England  in  1672,  fol.;  and  wrote  part  of  the  folio  pul). 
in  1716,  fol.,  giving  an  account  of  a  number  of  Cathedral 
and  Collegiate  Churches.  He  was  the  chief  promoter  of 
Somner's  Saxon  Diction.ary,  Oxon.,  1659,  fol.  We  have 
already  referred  the  reader  to  Hamper's  Life  of  Sir  William 
Dugdale:  we  also  notice  a  life  of  him  in  the  Heraldic  Mis- 
cellanies, pub.  by  the  Rev.  James  Dallaway ;  another  Life 
from  an  original  MS.,  1713,  Svo,  and  letters  between  Dug- 
dale  and  Sir  Thomas  Browne  in  the  postliumous  works  of 
the  latter,  1712,  8vo.  We  may  appropriately  conclude  our 
notice  of  this  great  man  with  the  fervid  eulogy  of  a  Her- 
cules in  the  same  field  of  research: 

"  What  Bugdiile  hath  done  is  prodigious.  His  memory  ought 
to  be  venerated  and  had  in  everlasting  remembrance." — Anthony 
Wood. 

As  an  illustration  of  the  term  "prodigious,"  we  may  re- 
mark that  Sir  William  left  27  folio  MS.  vols.,  written  by 
7ii«  onm  hanil.  to  the  University  of  Oxford  ;  and  these  con- 
tain the  collections  for  only  two  of  his  works,  viz.:  The 
Antiquities  of  Warwickshire,  and  the  Baronage  of  Eng- 
land. Of  16  other  MS.  vols.,  part  of  his  legacy,  some  were 
also  in  his  own  h.andwriting.  These  monuments  of  indus- 
try, learning,  and  research  are  now  in  the  Bodleian  Li- 
brary, the  Heralds'  College,  and  the  Ashinolean  Museum. 
Sir  William's  daughter  was  married  to  the  famous  Elias 
Ashmole:  of  this  learned  antiquary,  anil  his  widow,  we 
have  already  discoursed  at  length  on  a  preceding  page. 
See  AsHMoi.K,  Elias. 

If  any  of  our  countrymen — who  are  not  generally  sup- 
posed to  feel  the  most  lively  interest  in  the  records  of  the 
past,  save  as  they  pertain  to  the  title-deeds  and  other  secu- 
rities of  real  estate — feel  inclined  to  blame  us  for  lingering 
long  over  the  names  of  the  Ashnioles,  the  Camdcns,  the 
Gonghs,  and  the  Nicholses,  of  whom  a  utilitarian  age  is 
not  worthy,  we  shall  commend  to  their  meditations  the  fol- 
lowing true  maxim,  with  the  hope  of  a  profitable  result: 

"  A  contem(>t  tor  antiquity  is  rightly  considered  as  the  m.trk  of  a 
mean  and  narrow  intellect,  of  an  uneducated  and  illiberal  mind.'' 

Where  would  have  been  the  history,  the  art,  the  philoso- 
phy, of  past  ages,  had  there  been  no  provideut  conserva- 
tors, wise  for  all  generations,  to  transmit  these  precious 
relics  to  their  descendants? 

Diigmore,  Thomas.  Manor  of  Milhourne,  1800,8vo. 

Diigiicl,  Patrick,  M.D.  Convulsive  Disorder;  Med. 
Com.,  1777.  Virtue  of  the  Wild  Cabbage;  Ess.  Phys.  and 
Med.,  1760.  ^ 


Dugue,  Charles  Oscar,  b.  1821,  in  New  Orleans; 
educated  in  Paris.  1.  Essais  Pofdiques,  with  a  Preface 
by  A.  Rouquette,  of  Louisiana.  In  1850  he  pub.  two 
dramatic  works,  Mila,  or  The  Death  of  La  Salle  on  the 
discoveries  of  the  mouth  of  the  Mississippi  River ; 
and  Mingo,  or  The  Dying  Swan,  a  celebrated  Indian 
Chief. 

I>iihigg,  Bart.  King's  Inn  Remembrancer,  Dubl., 
1805,  .Hvo.     Hist,  of  the  King's  Inns,  ISO",  Svo. 

Diihriii;;,  Henry,  M.D.  Art  of  Living,  Lon.,  1843, 
p.  Svo.  Remarks  on  the  United  States,  1843,  p.  Svo.  Es- 
says on  Human  Happiness,  1848,  fp.  Svo. 

■•  Happy  is  life,  when  sound  health,  pure  feelings,  rational 
thrtughts,  and  noble  deeds  comtiine  to  exalt  its  earthly  course. 
Then  man  reveals  in  himself  the  image  of  the  Deity,  and  his 
home  becomes  a  Paradise." 

Ouigenaii,  Patrick,  1735-1816,  an  Irish  civilian, 
M.P.  for  Old  Leighlin,  and  afterwards  for  Armagh.  La- 
chrymfc  Academica;.  Political  pamphlets  and  Speeches, 
178i;-1810. 

Diiillier,  N.  F.     L;ititude  at  Sea,  170S. 

l)iike.  Rev.  Edward.  Prolusiones  Historicae,  or 
Essays  illustrative  of  the  Halle  of  John  Halle  of  Salisbury, 
Salisb.,  1837,  Svo;  vol.  i. ;  all  pub. 

"  We  have  never  encountered  any  antiquarian  disquisitions  that 
were  so  amusing,  delightful,  and  instructive." — Lon.  Mtmthlij  Jiev. 

Druidical  Temples  of  the  county  of  WiIts,Lon.,lS46,i2mo. 

*'  His  collections  on  the  literature  of  Wiltshire  are  nowhere  sur- 
passed."— Sali^lmry  Journal. 

Duke,  Francis.     Free  Grace,  1655,  '56,  4to. 

Duke,  George.  The  Law  of  Charitable  Uses,  with 
the  learned  readings  of  Sir  Francis  Moore,  Lon.,  1676,  fol. 

"It  was  always  considered  as  a  stand.ard  authority  upon  this 
branch  of  the  law." — Bridg.  Lt';/.  Bill. 

After  being  neglected  for  more  than  a  century,  this  work 
was  revived  and  continued  by  Mr.  R.  W.  Bridgman,  Lon., 
1805,  Svo. 

Duke,  Richard,  d.  1711,  Prebendary  of  Gloucester, 
was  educated  at,  ami  Fellow  of.  Trinity  College,  Cambridge. 
He  was  intimate  with  Otway.  engaged  with  some  others  in 
the  tr.anslations  of  Ovid  and  Juvenal,  and  wrote  a  number 
of  poems. 

"  In  his  Pieview,  though  unfinished,  are  some  vigorous  lines. 
His  poems  are  not  below  mediocrity ;  nor  have  I  found  much  in 
them  to  be  praised." — Dr.JiJuuon's  Lif-  of  Dtikc. 

Serm.,  1703;  two  serms.,  1704;  fifteen,  1714,  Svo. 

*'  In  his  sermons,  besides  liveliness  of  wit.  pui  ity  and  correctness 
of  style,  and  justness  of  argument,  we  see  many  line  allusions  to 
the  ancients,  several  beautiful  passages  handsomely  incorporated 
in  the  train  of  his  own  thoughts :  and.  to  s.ay  all  in  a  woi-d.  clas.sic 
learning  and  a  Christi.^n  spirit.''— Dn.  If.  Fei'ton.w*  Rntilingthf.  C 

Duke,  R.  T.  W.,  and  Francis  H.  Smith.  Ame- 
rican Statistical  Arithmetic,  Phila.    See  Smith,  Francis  U. 

Duke,  Wm.     Lectures  on  the  S.acraments,  1789. 

Dulaney,  Daniel.  Considerations  on  the  Policy  ol 
imposing  l;ixes  in  tlie  Brit.  Colonies,  Lon.,  1766,  Svo. 

Dumbcll,  John.     Matheuiat.  treatises,  1808,  '09. 

Dummer,  Jeremiah,  d.  1729,  a  native  of  Boston, 
wrote  several  theolog.  treatises,  a  defence  of  the  New  Eng 
land  Charter.s,  Lon.,  1728,  Svo,  and  1766;  and  a  Letter  to 
a  Noble  Lord  concerning  the  expedition  to  Canada,  1712. 

Dumon,  Wm.  Cantus  ;  The  Former  Book  of  the  Mu- 
sick  of  William  Dumon,  1591,  4to. 

Dun,  Lord.     See  Erskine,  David. 

Dun,  Uarclay.     Quadrilles,  1818. 

Dnu,  James.     Scrm.,  Edin.,  1792,  Svo. 

Dun,  John.     Serms.,  Kilm.,  1790,  2  vols.  Svo. 

Dunbar,  David.     Covenants,  Lon.,  1646. 

Dunbar,  George,  1774-1851,  appointed  Professor  of 
Greek  in  the  University  of  Edinburgh,  1805,  discharged 
the  duties  of  this  post  until  within  a  few  months  of  his 
death.  He  pub.  a  number  of  useful  educational  works, 
1812-44,  the  principal  of  which  is  his  Greek-English  and 
English-Greek  Lexicon,  the  fruit  of  eight  years'  laborious 
application,  1840,  Svo;  3d  cd.,  1S5.3,  Svo.  The  following 
commendation  of  a  distinguished  Grecian  must  have  been 
'■'B'^ly  gratifying  to  Professor  Dunbar: 

'J/;/  Drur  Lord:— I  am  greatly  obliged  to  you  for  having  jx-r- 
niitted  me  to  see  Professor  Dunbar's  Greek  Lexicon.  It  is  infinitely 
the  best  work  which  I  have  ever  seen.  It  has  already  been  of  groat 
service  to  me,  who,  as  you  know,  am  an  humble  but  a  most  ardent 
votary  of  Greek  literature.  It  will  tend  more  to  extend  the  study 
of  Greek  than  any  work  now  extant."— JVic  Marquis  of  WeUeski/  lo 
Loi-d  Brotiifhian.  Augud  17.  IS41. 

Dunbar,  James,  LL.D.,  Prof,  of  Philos.  in  the  Univ. 
of  Aberdeen.     Esstiys  on  the  Hist,  of  Mankind  in  rude 
and  uncultivated  Ages,  Lon.,  1781,  Svo :  2J  ed.,  with  addits., 
1782,  Svo. 
"  A  very  ingenious  book." — Dr.  Johnson. 

Dunbar,  John.     Epigrammatum,  Lon.,  1016,  Svo. 

Dunbiir,  William,  14(i3?-1530,  a  native  of  Salton, 
East  Luthiau,  Scullaud,  was  educated  at  the  University 


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of  St.  Andrew's,  and  afterwards,  becoming  a  Franciscan 
friar,  travelled  in  Scotland,  England,  and  France,  as  a 
mendicant  preacher.  He  was  subsequently  employed  in  a 
diplomatic  capacity  by  James  IV.,  and  resided  at  his  court 
in  receipt  of  a  pension.  Of  his  poems  but  little  was  known 
until  the  beginning  of  the  last  century,  when  many  of  them 
were  printed  from  the  MSS.  in  which  they  had  long  re- 
posed. Some  of  his  pieces  had  been  pub.  by  Chapman 
and  Millar  in  150S.  Thirty  of  Dunbar's  productions  are 
to  be  found  in  the  Ancient  Scottish  Poems,  pub.  from  the 
MS.  of  George  Bannatyne.  In  1834  a  complete  edit,  of 
his  works  was  pub.  by  David  Laing.  He  excels  both  in 
moral  and  humorous  poetry ;  and  is  peculiarly  happy  in  en- 
listing allegory  in  the  advocacy  of  truth.  His  principal 
allegorical  poems  are.  The  Thistle  and  Rose.  The  Dance 
of  the  Seven  Deadly  Sins  through  Holl.  and  The  Golden 
Terge.  The  Twa  Married  Women  and  the  Widow  exhibits 
a  specimen — not  the  most  delicate  in  the  world — of  bis 
Tein  of  humour.  Whether  the  Friars  of  Berwick  be  really 
his,  seems  matter  of  some  doubt.  The  Merle  and  Night- 
ingale may  be  cited  as  a  poem  of  great  merit. 

Sir  AV alter  Scott  declares  that  Dunbar  is  *'  unrivalled  by 
any  poet  that  Scotland  has  yet  produced,"  and  Mr.  EHis 
also  styles  him  the  **  greatest  poet  that  >Scotland  has  pro- 
duced." This  is  surely  high  praise.  For  an  elaborate 
review  of  Dunbar's  poetry,  we  must  refer  the  reader  to 
Warton's  Hist,  of  English  Poetry.  See  also  Biog.  Brit. ; 
Pinkerton's  Ancient  Scottish  Poets;  Lives  of  the  Scottish 
Poets.  Warton  remarks,  after  an  examination  of  the 
Daunce : 

"I  have  been  prolix  in  my  citations  and  explanations  of  this 
poem,  because  I  am  of  opinion  that  the  ima^'ination  of  Dunbar  is 
not  less  suited  to  satirif-al  than  to  sublime  allegory;  and  that  h.- 
is  the  first  poet  who  has  appr  ared  with  any  degree  of  spirit  in  this 
way  of  writing  since  I'iers  Plowman.  His  Tliistle  and  Rose  and 
Golden  Terge  are  generally  meutioued  as  his  capital  works,  but 
the  natural  complexion  of  his  genius  is  of  the  moral  and  didactic 
cast." — Hist,  of  English  Poetri/. 

But  Mr.  Pinkerton  thinks  that  this  judgment  must  not 
be  taken  too  strictly : 

"  The  Goldin  Terge  is  moral ;  and  so  are  many  of  his  small  pieces : 
but  humour,  description,  allegory,  great  practical  genius,  and  a 
Tast  wealth  of  words,  all  unite  to  form  the  complexion  of  Dun- 
bars  poetry.  He  unites  in  himself,  and  generally  sui-passes.  the 
qualities  of  the  chief  old  English  poets;  the  morals  and  satire  of 
Langland:  Chaucer's  humour,  poetry,  and  knowledge  of  life;  thy 
allegory  of  Gower;  the  description  of  Lydgate."— .S'co/^s7i  Ftiets. 

The  Golden  Terge,  though  moral  in  its  design,  is  a  pa- 
rody on  the  Popish  litanies;  surely  an  unfit  subject  for 
Buch  a  purpose. 

Mr.  Ellis  unites  in  the  general  commendation  of  Dun- 
bar's poetry : 

"Dunbar's  peculiar  excellence  is  much  good  sense  and  sound 
morality,  expressed  with  force  and  conciseness.  His  style,  whether 
grave  or  humorous,  whether  simple  or  ornanieuted,  is  always 
energetic;  and  though  all  his  compositions  cannot  be  exjwcted  to 
possess  equal  merit,  we  seldom  find  in  them  a  weak  or  redundant 
Btauza.."—.'<p€cimem  of  Earf}/  English  Poetry. 
_  Dunbar,  Wml,  d.  1810,  at  his  seat  at  Natchez,  Mis- 
sissippi, was  distinguished  for  his  acquisitions  in  Astronomy 
and  Natural  Science.  He  was  a  member  of  the  American 
Philosophical  Society  of  Philadelphia,  and  contributed 
some  pages  to  its  Triinsactions ;  see  vol.  vi. :  Signs  among 
Indians;  Meteor.  Observ.,  1800;  Description  of  the  Mis- 
sissippi. 

Duncan,  Alexander,  D.D.  Infidelity,  Edin.,  1774, 
12mo.  Hist,  of  the  Revolution,  16S8,  1790,  8vo.  Devout 
Communicant's  Assist.,  Berwick,  1792, 8vo.  Essays.  Edin., 
1799,  8vo.  J  '  ' 

Duncan,  Andrew.  Grammatica  Latina,  Edin.,  1595. 
8vo.  Rudiment!!.  Pietatis,  1595,  16mo.  Studiorum  Pueri- 
lium  Clavis,  1597,  8vo. 

Duncan,  Andrew,  M.D.,  1745-1828,  a  native  of 
Edinburgh,  delivered  clinical  lectures  in  the  University  of 
that^city.  and  afterwards  private  courses  for  fourteen  years, 
on  Cae  theory  and  practice  of  medicine.  He  pub.  several 
professional  treatises,  a  list  of  which  will  be  found  in  Watt's 
Bibl.  Brit. 

Duncan,  Andrew,  Jr.,  M.D.  Edinburgh  New  Dis- 
pensatory, Edin.,  1803,  Svo  j  1804,  '08,  '18.  Other  profess, 
publications. 

Duncan,Archibald,R.N.  Mariner's  Chronicle,  1804. 
Brit.  Tritlent;  register  of  Naval  Actions,  1805,  4  vols. 

Duncan,  Daniel,  1649-1735,  an  eminent  physician, 
a  native  of  Languedoc,  died  in  London.  He  was  the  au- 
thor of  Explication  nouvelle  et  moehanique  des  Actions 
Animales.  Pjiris,  1678;  La  Chymie  Naturelle,  1681,  Svo; 
and  some  other  works. 

Duncan,  Daniel,  D.D.,  d.  1761.  son  of  the  preced- 
ing, wrote  Collects  upon  some  of  the  Articles,  1754,  and 
some  other  theolog.  treatises. 

34 


Duncan,  Francis,  M.D.     Bowels,  1801,  Svo. 

Duncan,  Henry,  D.D.,  founder  of  Savings-Banka, 
Essays  on  the  Advantages  of  .Savings-Banks.  Lon.,  1816, 
8vo.  Cottage  Fireside,  new  ed.,  Edin.,  18.39,  18mo.  Sacred 
Philosophy  of  the  Seasons,  Edin.,  1836,  '37,  4  vols.  em. 
Svo:  new  ed.,  1853,  12mo. 

"We  know  of  no  work  more  simple  in  its  teachings,  and  of  none 
that  collects  more  glory  about  the  revolving  mouths  than  this." — 
LoJi.  Spectator. 

See  Memoir  of  Dr.  Duncan  by  his  son.  Rev.  J.  G.  Dun- 
can, 1848,  12mo;  new  ed.,  1853. 

Duncan,  James.  The  Scotch  History,  Glasg.,  1805, 
]2mo;  3d  ed.,  by  his  grandson,  James  Duncan,  1816;  4th 
ed.,  1SI9. 

Duncan,  James  F.  Popular  Errors  on  the  subject 
of  Insanity  examined  and  exposed,  Lon.,  1S53,  fp.  Svo. 

Duucau,  John,  D.D.  Essay  on  Happiness,  a  Poem. 
Serms.  and  thcolng.  treatises,  1769-1803. 

Duncan,  John.     Weaving.  Glasg.,  1808,  Svo. 

Duncan,  Kev.  John,  LL.D.  Declaration  against 
the  Pupe's  Supremacy,  by  K.Edward  VI.;  repub.,  Lon., 
1810,  Svo. 

Duncan,  John.  Essay  on  Genius,  or  the  Philos.  of 
Literature,  Edin.,  1814,  Svo.  Philos.  of  Human  Nature; 
Origin  of  Evil.  1815,  Svo. 

Duncan,  John  M.  Travels  through  part  of  the  U. 
States  and  Canada,  1S18,  '19,  Glasg.,  1823,  2  vols.  p.  Svo. 
Dedicated  to  Professor  Silliman  of  Yale  College,  Sabbath 
among  the  Tuscaroras. 

Duucau,  John  Shute.  Botano-Theology,  an  ar- 
ranged Compendium,  Oxf.,  1825,  Svo;  2d  ed.,  1826. 

"  Au  exceeding  pleasant  and  interesting  book." — Lowndes's  Brit. 
Lib. 

Duncan,  Jonathan.  Prosecutions  for  Religious 
Opinions.  Lon.,  Svo.  Religions  of  Profane  Antiquity, 
1838,  fp.  Svo. 

"  A  very  complete  key  to  the  old  systems  of  heathenism,  as  de- 
veloped especially  in  Greece  and  Rome." — Loji.  Monthly  Kev.;  and 
see  Lon.  Spectator. 

Dukes  of  Nurmandy,  from  RoUo  to  the  Expulsion  of 
King  John,  1839.  12m'o. 

"A  useful  supplement  to  the  ordinary  histories  of  England." — 
Lf/n.  Athenceiim. 

And  see  Lon.  Parthenon,  Examiner,  and  New  Monthly 
Magazine. 

Trans,  of  Felix  Bodin's  Summaries  of  the  Hist,  of  Eng- 
land and  France,  1840,  2  vols.  18mo. 

'■  A  very  accurate  view  of  the  constitutional  history  of  England." 
— Lon.  Athenauin. 

Religious  Wars  of  France,  1840,  fp.  Svo. 

"Well  written  and  concise;  its  dates  exact  and  well  placed."— 
Lon.  Courier. 

Hist,  of  Guernsey,  with  Notes  on  Jersey,  1842,  Svo. 

Duncan,  Mrs.'M.  G.  L.  Memoir  uf  G.  A.  Lundie, 
ISmo;  of  Geo.  li.  Philips,  18mo;  of  Mary  Lundie  Duncan, 
4th  ed.,  1845,  fp.  Svo. 

'•  A  most  sweetly-drawn  picture,  that  cannot  be  too  extensively 
contemplated." — Lon.  Christian  Ladies'  Mug. 

The  Children  of  the  Manse,  18mo.  America  as  I  found 
it,  16mo. 

"  A  very  readable  book," — Advocate  and  Guardian. 

Duncan,  Mark,  d.  1640,  a  Scottish  physician,  an  an- 
cestor of  the  preceding  Dr.  Daniel  Duncan,  was  principal 
of  the  Calvinists'  College  at  Saumur.  His  best-known 
work  is  Institutiones  Logicce,  libri  quinque,  Salmurii, 
1612,  Svo. 

"This  work  is  much  commended  by  Bui^ersdieius  and  others. 
Joseph  Scaliger  also  mentions  our  author  in  a  manner  which  seems 
to  indicate  no  common  respect.  Speaking  of  the  west  of  .Scotland, 
he  particularizes  it  as  the  district  which  produced  Duncan  and 
Huchanan;  and  Tomasinus  (Parnassus  P-uiraneus.  p.  8)  classes 
him  among  the  distinguished  literary  characters  of  the  age." 

Duncau,  Mark,  or  Cerisantes,  d.  1648,  a  son  of 
the  preceding,  wrote  some  poetical  pieces  pub.  in  miscella- 
neous collections,  the  most  remarkable  of  which  is  Carmen 
gratulatorium  in  nuptias  Caroli  R.  Ang.  cum  Henrietta. 
Maria,  filia  Henrici  IV.  R.  Fr. 

Duncan,  Mrs.  Mary  Lundie.  Rhymes  for  my 
Children,  Lon.,  32mo.  For  a  notice  of  a  Memoir  of  Mrs. 
M.  L.  Duncan,  see  Duncan,  Mrs.  M.  G.  L. 

Duncan,  Robert,  1699-1729,  a  native  of  Edinburgh, 
minister  of  Tilly  coultry,  1728.  An  Exposition  of  the  Epistle 
to  the  Hebrews,  Edin.,  1731,  Svo;  new  ed.,  1S44,  Svo. 

•■  It  may  be  considered  rather  as  an  abridgment  of  Owen  on  the 
Ifebrews,  than  as  an  original  work.  It  is  not,  indeed,  a  profe.eised 
abridtiment;  but  it  everywhere  shows  the  use  that  the  author 
made  of  that  elaborate  and  useful  work." — Ornie's  Bibl.  Bib. 

Duncan,  U'm.     Physiologia,  Tolos.,  1651,  4to. 

Duucau,  Mm.     Kings  of  Scotland,  Glasg.,  1722,  8to. 

Duncan,  Wui.,  1717-1760,  a  native  of  Aberdeen,  Prof, 
of  Philos.  in  the  Mariscbal  College.  1752,  trans,  the  select 
orations  of  Cicero,  (1777,)  and  Cesar's  Commentaries,  1752, 

529 


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fol. ;  also  in  2  vols.  8vo ;  often  reprinted.  His  work  entitled 
Elements  of  Logic  was  pub.  in  1748,  and  the  6th  ed.,  1770, 
Lon.,  12mo. 

Duncan,  Wm.     Syntax,  Ac.  of  Oreek,  1812,  8vo. 
Duncan,  Wm.     New  and  improved  edit,  of  A.  Dick- 
inson's Greek  Testament,  Edin.,  1830,  12mo. 

"  Mr.  Duncan  h.as  annexed  a  copious  selection  of  the  most  im- 
portant of  Griesbach's  various  readinfjs  and  emendations,  which 
appear  to  have  been  made  with  great  care." — Home's  Bibl.  Bib. 

Duncombe,  Giles.  Tryals  per  pais,  or  the  Law  of 
England  concerning  .Juries  by  Nisi  Prius,  Ac,  Lon.,  1682, 
8vo;  8th  ed.,with  addits.,  1766,  2  vols.  8vo;  9th  ed.,  Dubl., 
1793.  2  vols.  8vo. 

Duncombc,  Henry  J.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1837,  8vo. 
Duncombe,  John,  1730-1785,  Vicar  of  Uerne.  Three 
Serms.,   1776.     The   Feminead,   1754.     Trans,    of  Select 
Works  of  the  Emperor  Julian.  Ac,  1784.  2  vols.  8vo. 

*'The  Philosophical  Fable  which  Julian  composed  under  the 
name  of  thw  Caesars,  is  one  of  the  most  agreeable  and  instructive 
productions  of  ancient  wit." — Gibbon. 

The  Hist,  and  Antiq.  of  Reculver  and  Heme ;  princi- 
pally written  by  J.  D.  It  forms  the  18th  N".  of  the  Eilil. 
Top.  Brit.  Mr.  D.  contributed  to  the  Gent.  Mag.  for  twenty 
years,  under  the  signature  of  Crito,  &c.  He  pub.  and  edited 
several  other  works.     See  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit. 

Duncombe,  Mrs.  John,  wife  of  the  preceding,  d. 
1812,  wrote  the  story  of  Fidelia  and  Honoria  in  the  Adven- 
turer, contributed  to  the  Poetical  Calendar  and  Nichols's 
Poems,  and  in  1808  pub.  a  novel  entitled  The  Village  Gen- 
tleman and  the  Attorney-at-Law. 

Duncombe,  John,  inventor  of  the  Dendrometer. 
Treatise  upon  tho  Dendrometer,  Lon.,  1769,  8vo  ;  1771,  8vo. 
Conjointly  with  Thos.  Whittcll,  The  Antiq.  of  Richborough 
and  Reculver,  aljridged  from  the  Latin  of  Archdeacon  Bot- 
tely,  1774.  12mo.     New  Arithmet.  Dictionary,  1774,  8vo. 

buncombe,  Wm.,  1690-1769,  father  of  the  first- 
named  John  Duncombe,  is  best  known  by  his  trans,  of 
Horace,  made  in  conjunction  with  his  son,  pub.  in  2  vols. 
8vo,  1757-59.  He  made  some  other  trans,  from  the  Latin 
and  French,  collected  Archbishop  Herring's  sermons,  and 
pub.  several  other  poetical,  political,  historical,  and  theolog. 
works.     See  Watt's  BM.  Brit. 

Duncon,  Eleaz.  De  Adoratione  Dei  versus  Altare 
Deterrainatto  t'antab.  habita,  ainw  1633,  *60,  8vo. 

Duncon,  John.  Life  and  Death  of  Lady  Falkland, 
1648,  12mo.  See  (iibbon's  Memoirs  of  Pious  Women. 
Duncon,  Samuel.  Political  tracts,  1652-59. 
Dunciinib,  John.  Serms.,  1796, '97.  Pasture  Lands, 
1801,  Svo.  Hist,  and  Antiq.  of  Hereford,  1804-12,  2  vols. 
4to.  The  only  hist,  of  this  county  pub.  Agricult.  and 
Rural  Economy  of  Herefordshire,  1805,  Svo. 

Dundas,  Sir  David,  General  R.  A.,  1735?-1820,  a 
distinguished  officer,  in  1809  succeeded  the  Duke  of  York 
as  Commander-in-chief  Principles  of  Military  Movements, 
chiefly  applied  to  Infantry,  Lon.,  1788,  4to.  Adopted  and 
printed  as  Rules  and  Regulations  for  his  Majesty's  Forces. 
General  Dundas  also  planned  the  Rules  and  Regulations 
for  the  Cavalry. 

Dundas,  Rt.  Hon.  Henry,  Lord  Viscount  Mel- 
ville, 1741?-lsll.  First  Lord  of  the  Admiralty,  Ac. 
Speeches,  Letters,  anil  Opinions  upon  Politics,  the  Slave- 
Trade,  and  East  India  Trade;  pub.  separately,  1794,  '96, 
1800.  '13. 
Dundas,  James,  M.D.  Ed.  Med.  Ess.,  1733. 
Dundas,  John.  Abridgt,  of  tiie  Acts  of  the  General 
Assem.  of  the  Ch.  of  Scot.,  1638-1720.  Edin.,  1721,  Svo. 
Processes  against  J.  Simpson,  1728,  Svo. 

Dundonald,  Earl  of.  See  Cochrane,  Alex. 
Dungal,  a  celebrated  astronomer  of  the  9th  century, 
supposed  to  have  been  a  native  of  Ireland,  emigrated  to 
France,  where  he  died.  A  long  letter  of  his  to  Charlemagne, 
in  answer  to  some  queries  of  that  monarch  respecting  two 
eclipses  of  the  sun,  will  he  found  in  D'Acheri's  Spicilegium, 
vol.  iii.,  324,  of  the  fol.,  and  vol.  x.  of  the  4to  edit.  A  De- 
fence of  Images,  1608,  Svo ;  also  in  the  Biblioth.  Max.  Patr., 
xiv.  196.  He  wrote  some  poetical  iiieces,  ono  of  which  is 
in  a  collection  pub.  by  Martene  and  Durand.  1 729. 

Dunglison,  Kobley,  M.D.,  LL.D.,  a  distinguished 
benefactor  to  Medical  Science  and  Literature,  and  one  of 
the  most  popular  authors  of  the  day,  was  born  in  1798,  in 
Keswick,  Cuml>erland  county,  England.  He  commenced 
the  practice  of  medicine  in  London  in  1819,-  Professor  of 
Medicine  in  the  University  of  Virginia,  1824-33;  Profes- 
sor of  Materia  Medica,  Therapeutics.  &c.  in  the  University 
of  Maryland,  1833-36;  Professor  of  the  Institutes  of  Medi- 
cine and  Meilical  Jurisprudence  in  Jefferson  Medical  Col- 
lege, Philadelphia,  from  1836  to  the  present  time,  (1858.) 
Dr.  D.  is  one  of  the  vice-presidents  of  the  American  Philo- 
63tt 


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sophical  Society,  and  a  member  of  numerous  scientific  and 
literary  societies  at  home  and  abroad.  We  annex  a  list 
of  his  many  valuable  contributions  to  medical  science  : 

Author  OF  :  1.  Commentaries  on  Diseases  of  the  Stomach 
and  Bowels  of  Children.  Lon.,  1824,  Svo. 

2.  An  Introduction  to  the  Study  of  Grecian  and  Roman 
Geography,  by  Geo.  Long,  Esq.,  and  himself,  Charlottes- 
ville, 1829,  Svo;  the  Roman  by  Dr.  D. 

3.  Human  Physiology. with  numerous  illustrations,Phila., 
1832,  2  vols.  Svo;  8th  ed.,  1856. 

4.  A  new  Dictionary  of  Medical  Science  and  Literature, 
containing  a  concise  account  of  the  various  subjects  and 
terms,  with  the  Synonymes  in  difl'erent  languages,  Ac, 
Boston,  1833,  2  vols.  Svo".  The  seci.nd  and  subsequent  edi- 
tions were  published  in  Philadelphia  in  one  volume;  15th 
edit.,  1S5S. 

5.  On  the  In8uence  of  Atmosphere  and  Locality,  Change 
of  Air  and  Climate,  Seasons,  Food,  Clothing.  Ac.  on  human 
health,  constituting  Elements  of  Hygiene,  Phila.,  1835,  Svo. 
The  second  edition  was  published  under  the  title  of  Human 
Health,  Ac,  Phila,,  1844,  Svo. 

6.  General  Therapeutics,  or  Principles  of  Medical  Prac- 
tice, with  tables  of  the  chief  remedial  agents  and  their 
preparations,  and  of  the  different  poisons  and  their  anti- 
dotes, Phila.,  1S36,  Svo.  To  the  second  edition — in  two 
volumes — Materia  Medica  was  added.  The  6th  edition  was 
published  in  1857.  In  all  the  editions,  except  the  first, 
there  were  numerous  illustrations. 

7.  The  Medical  Student,  or  Aids  to  the  Study  of  Medicine, 
including  a  glossary  of  the  terms  of  the  science,  and  of  the 
mode  of  prescribing,  bibliographical  notices  of  medical 
works,  the  regulations  of  different  medical  colleges  of  the 
Union,  Ac,  Phila.,  1837,  Svo;  2d  edition,  modified,  Phila., 
1S44. 

8.  New  Remedies;  the  method  of  preparing  and  admi- 
nistering them ;  their  efi'ects  on  tho  healthy  and  diseased 
economy,  Ac,  Phiha.,  1839,  Svo ;  7th  edit.,  1856. 

9.  The  Practice  of  Medicine,  or  a  Treatise  on  Special 
Pathology  and  Therapeutics,  Phila.,  1842,  2  vols.  Svo;  3d 
edit.,  1S4S. 

10.  An  Appeal  to  the  People  of  Pennsylvania  on  the 
subject  of  an  Asylum  for  the  Insane  Poor  of  the  Common- 
wealth, Phila.,  iSSS,  Svo. 

11.  A  Second  Appeal  on  the  same  subject,  Phila.,  1840, 
Svo. 

12.  A  Public  Discourse  in  Commemoration  of  Peter  S. 
Duponceau,  LL.D.,  late  President  of  the  American  Philo- 
sophical Society,  delivered  before  the  Society  on  the  25th 
of  October,  1844,  Phila.,  1844.  Svo. 

13.  On  the  Blind,  and  Institutions  for  the  Blind  in  Europe ; 
a  Letter  to  the  President  of  the  Board  of  Managers  of  the 
Pennsylvania  Institution  for  the  Blind,  Phila.,  1S54,  Svo. 

14.  Numerous  Introductory  Lectures  to  his  Class  in  the 
Universities  of  Virginia  and  Maryhind.  and  in  Jefferson 
Medical  College  of  Philadelphia;  and  Charges  to  Gradu- 
ates :  the  Introductory  of  1854,  '55,  comprising  Recollec- 
tions of  Europe  in  1S54. 

EniTOR  OF :  1.  On  the  Use  of  the  Moxa  as  a  Therapeu- 
tical Agent,  by  Baron  D.  J.  Larrey,  translated  from  the 
French,  with  Notes  and  an  Introduction,  containing  a  his- 
tory of  the  substance,  Lon.,  1822,  Svo. 

2.  Formulary  for  the  preparation  and  mode  of  employing 
several  new  remedies,  viz. :  Morphine,  Iodine,  Ac,  trans- 
lated by  Charles  Thomas  Haden,  Esq. ;  2d  edit.,  with  nu- 
merous alterations  and  additions,  Lon.,  1824.  12mo. 

3.  Appendix  to  do.,  Lon..  1824,  12mo.  The  Formulary 
was  reprinted  in  Phila.,  1825. 

4.  The  Surgeon's  Vade  Mecum  of  Dr.  Hooper;  3d  edit., 
greatly  enlarged,  Lon.,  1824, 12mo.  Dr.  Dunglison's  name 
did  not  appear. 

6.  Medical  Clinics  of  the  Hospital  Neckar,  by  M.  Bri- 
cheteau ;  translated  by  Dr.  D.,  but  not  so  stated,  Phila., 
1837,  Svo. 

6.  Outlines  of  Physiology,  with  an  Appendix  on  Phre- 
nology, by  P.  M.  Roget,  M.D..  Ac. ;  revised,  with  nume- 
rous notes.  Philii.,  1S39,  Svo.     Name  not  on  the  title-page. 

7.  Outlines  of  a  course  of  Lectures  on  Medical  Jurispru- 
dence, by  Thomas  Stewart  Traill,  M.D.,  F.R.S.E.;  re- 
vised, with  numerous  notes,  Phila.,  1841,  Svo.  Name  not 
on  title-page. 

8.  The  Cyclopaidia  of  Practical  Medicine,  by  Drs.  Forbes, 
Tweedie,  and  Conolly :  thoroughly  revised,  with  numerous 
additions,  Phila.,  1845,  4  vols.  Svo. 

9.  The  London  Medical  Repository,  edited  by  James 
Copland,  M.D.,  and  Robley  Dunglison,  M.D.  Vols.  19  and 
20,  and  new  series,  vol.  i.,  Lon.,  1823.  '24. 

10.  Tho  Medical  Intelligencer,  or  Monthly  Compendium 


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of  Medical,  Chirurgicnl,  and  Scientific  Knowledge,  vol.  iv., 
Lull.,  1S23,  8vo.  The  earlier  vuluines  were  edited  by 
Messrs.  Armstrong.  Alcock,  Iladcn,  and  others. 

11.  The  Virginia  Literary  Museum  and  Journal  of  Belles- 
Lcttres,  Arts,  Sciences,  Ac,  edited  at  the  University  of  Vir- 
ginia, by  Professors  Geo.  Tucker  and  DunglisonjCharlottes- 
ville,  1830,  8vo.     Names  not  on  title-page. 

12.  The  American  Medical  Library  and  Intelligencer; 
a  concentrated  Record  i»f  Medical  Science  and  Literature, 
Phila.,  1S37  to  1842,  inclusive,  Svo.  A  Journal,  and  a  re- 
print of  valuable  foreign  works. 

CoNTniBiTOR  to:  The  Monthly  Magazine,  Lon.,  1817, 
'18;  The  Annals  of  Philosophy,  Lon.,  1820;  The  London 
Medical  Repository,  1823,  '24;  The  Quarterly  Journal  of 
Science  and  the  Arts,  1824 ;  The  London  Quarterlv  Review, 
1823;  The  Eclectic  Review.  1823,  '24;  The  Universal  Re- 
view, 1824;  The  American  Quarterly  Review,  1827,  and 
afterwards;  The  Virginia  Literary  Museum,  1830;  The 
Baltimore  Medical  and  Surgical  Journal,  1834 ;  The  North 
American  Archives  of  Medical  and  Surgical  Science,  1834, 
*35;  The  American  Journal  of  the  Medical  Sciences,  1832, 
and  afterwards;  The  American  Cyclopedia  of  Medicine 
and  Surgery,  1834,  *35 ;  The  British  and  Foreign  Medical 
Review,  1836;  The  Medical  Examiner,  Phila.,  1S38,  and 
afterwards;  &c. 

So  great  has  been  the  demand  for  Dr.  Dunglison's  works, 
that  of  the  Medical  Lexicon,  General  Therapeutics  and 
Materia  Medica,  Practice  of  Medicine,  Human  Physiology, 
Human  Health,  and  New  Remedies,  the  sale  to  1858,  wo 
have  reason  to  believe,  had  been  upwards  of  one  hundred 
thousand  volumes  !  Of  the  many  notices  before  us  of  these 
valuable  works  from  British  and  American  authorities, 
we  have  room  for  a  few  only,  and  these  must  be  abbre- 
viated. 

Medical  Lexicon,  12th  ed..  lS55;li'tIh  ed.  enlarged,  1858. 

"  An  admiralile  work,  and  indispensable  to  all  literary  medical 
men.  The  laboxir  which  has  been  bestowed  upon  it  is  something 
prodigious.  .  .  .  Ilevisfd  and  corrected  from  titiie  to  time.  Dr.  Dun- 
glison's  Medical  Lexicon  will  last  for  centuries." — Brit,  and  For. 
Med.  Chir.  Rev. 

"  A  miracle  of  labour  and  industry  in  one  who  has  written  able 
and  voluminous  works  on  nearly  every  bi-anch  of  medical  science. 
...  It  is  almost  as  iudispensable  to  the  other  learned  prolessions 
as  to  our  own.  .  .  .  From  a  careful  examination  of  the  present 
edition,  we  can  vouch  for  its  accuracy,  and  for  its  being  brought 
quite  up  to  the  date  of  publication.'*— Dui/^.  Quart  Jour,  of  Med. 
Science. 

'"The  most  comprehensive  and  best  English  dictionary  of  medi- 
cal terms  extant"— I injl'i I"  M'd.  J<mr.  See  also  Lon.  Med.  Gaz.; 
Amer.  Jour,  of  the  M>'d,  Scinnies;  Boston  Med.  Jouj.;  Edin.  Jour. 
of  Med.  Science;  Lon.  Mt-d.  Times  and  fJazette. 

General  Therapeutics  and  Materia  Medica,fith  edit.,1857. 

"Asa  text-book  for  students,  for  whom  it  is  particularly  designed, 
we  know  of  none  superior  to  it." — St.  Louis  Med.  and  Surg.  Jour. 

"We  consider  this  work  unequalled." — Bostoti  Med.  and  .Surg. 
Journal.  See  also  Charleston  Med.  Journal  and  Review;  Western 
Lancet;  N.  Orleans  Med.  and  Surg.  Jour.;  N.  York  Jour,  of  Med. 

The  Practice  of  Medicine,  3d  edit.,  1848. 
_"  Upon  every  topic  embraced  in  this  work,  the  latest  information 
will  be  found  carefully  posted  up." — Med.  Examiner. 

"  It  is  certainly  the  most  complete  treatise  of  which  we  have  any 
knowledge." — W'stei-n  Jour,  of  Med.  and  Surg.  See  also  Boston 
Med.  and  Surg.  Jour.;  Southern  Med.  and  Surg.  Jour. 

Human  Physiology,  7th  edit.,  1830  ;  Sth  ed.,  1856. 

"  It  has  long  since  taken  rank  as  one  of  the  medical  classics  of 
our  language.  To  say  that  it  is  by  far  the  best  text-book  of  phy- 
siology ever  published  iu  this  country,  is  but  echoing  the  general 
testimony  of  the  profession. '—A'  r-rk  Jour,  of  Med. 

"It  is  the  completest  work  on  Physiology  in  the  English  lan- 
guage, and  is  highly  creditable  to  the  author  and  publishers."— 
Qinaduin  Mai.  Jour. 

"The  best  work  of  the  kind  in  the  English  language,  and  is 
highly  creditable  to  the  author  and  publishers." — SUHman^sJour. 
See  also  Amer.  Med.  Jour.;  Western  Lancet. 

New  Remedies,  with  Formulae  for  their  Administration, 
6th  edit..  1853. 

"  The  great  learning  of  the  author,  and  his  remarkable  industry 
in  pushing  his  researches  into  every  source  whence  information  la 
derivable,  have  enabled  him  to  throw  together  an  extensive  mass  of 
fects  and  statements,  accompanied  by  full  reference  to  authorities ; 
which  last  feature  renders  the  work  practically  valuable  to  inves- 
tigat/irs  who  desire  to  examine  the  original  papers." — Amer.  Jour 
of  Pharmacy.  See  also  New  York  Med.  Gaz.;  Southern  Med.  and 
Surg.  Jour. 

Dunham,  S,  Astley,  LL.D.,  d.  1858,  in  London. 
Hist,  of  Poland,  183(1,  12mo. 

"  A  very  carefully   and   competently  written  compendium." 

—ion.  Eclectic  Review. 

Hist,  of  Spain  and  Portugal,  1832,  5  vols.  12mo. 

"The  very  best  work  on  the  subject  with  which  we  are  ac- 
quainted."—ion.  Athenieum.    See  also  Athen.,  1858,  111. 

"  A  work  of  acuteiict^s  and  information." — Wm.  11.  Prescott. 

Hist,  of  Europe  duriuir  the  Middle  Ages,  1833-36,  4  vols. 

"  A  work  which  may  lie  r.'giir'li.-il  ;i.s  a  sacrifice  of  a  very  learned 
and  very  laborious  writer  to  the  wants  and  curiosity  of  the  world." 
— Lon.  Athen. 


Hist,  of  the  Germanic  Empire,  1837,  3  vols.  12mo. 

"This  compi'Tidiura  is  masterly;  being  clear,  rich,  and  exten- 
sive."— Lon.  Miiuthly  Review. 

Hist,  of  Denmark,  Sweden,  and  Norway,  1839,  '40,  3 
vols.  12mo.  These  valuable  works  are  all  pub.  in  Lardner'a 
Cyclopaedia.  Lives  of  English  Dramatists,  by  R.  Bell,  Esq., 
Dr.  Dunham,  kc,  1837,  2  vols.  12mo.  The  Early  Writers 
of  Great  Britain,  by  the  same,  1840,  fp.  8vo. 

Duukin,  A.J.  Report  of  the  Brit.  Arch.  Assoc,  Lon., 
1845,  8vo.     Memoranda  of  Springhead,  1848,  Svo. 

Dunkiii,  John.    Divinity  of  the  Son  of  God,  1783,  8vo. 

Dunkiii,  John.  Hist,  and  Antiq.  of  Bromley,  1815, 
Svo;  of  Bicester,  1810,  Svo.  Hist,  and  Antiq.  of  the  Hun- 
dreds of  BuUington  and  Ploughley,  Oxfordshire,  1823,  2 
vols.  4to.  Printed  at  the  expense  of  Sir  G.  P.  Turner; 
only  70  copies  intended  for  sale.  Hist,  and  Antiq.  of 
Dartford,  Kent,  1844,  8vo. 

Dunkin,  Wm.,  D.D.  Epistles,  Dubl.,  1741,  '60.  Po- 
etical Works,  Epistles,  &q.,  1774,  2  vols.  4to. 

Dunlap,  Andrew,  1794-1835,  a  native  of  Mass. 
Admiralty  Practice  in  Civil  Cases  of  Maritime  Jurisdic- 
tion, Phila.,  1836,  8voj  2d  ed.,  N.  York,  ISoO. 

"  This  work  is  pronounced,  by  the  most  competent  judges,  to  be 
learned,  accurate,  and  well  digested."—!  KenVs  Oim.  381,  Note. 

Dunlap,  J.  I>.  Book  of  Legal  Forms,  Phila.,  1 852,  Svo. 

Dunlap,  John  A.  Justice  of  Peace  in  N.  York.  8vo. 
Abridgt.  of  12th  and  13th  Books  of  Coke's  Rep<'rts,  N. 
York,  1813,  8vo.  Prac.  Supr.  Ct.  of  N.  York  in  Civ.  Act., 
Albany.  1821-23,  2  vols.  Svo;  1841. 

"The  author  has  executed  his  laborious  task  with  an  accuracy 
and  extent  of  learning  which  support  his  weU-earned  reputation 
QS  a  lawyer." — 18  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  "211. 

Lloyd's  edit.  (3d)  of  Paley'.s  Agency;  3d  Amer.  edit. 

''The  care  and  labour  bestowed  upon  Dunlap's  Paley's  Agency 
cannot  fail  to  render  it  a  standard  work  of  great  utibty!" — rcnna. 
Law  Journal. 

Dunlap,  S.  F.,  son  of  Andrew  Dunlap.  (aj^^e,)  b.  1825, 
in  Boston.  1.  The  Origin  of  Ancient  Names.  Camb.,  1S56. 
8vo:  reprinted  from  the  Chris.  Examiner,  July,  1856.  2. 
Vestiges  of  the  Spirit-History  of  Man,  N.Y.,*  ISoS,  Svo. 
Edited,  with  Nntcs,  Dunlap's  Admiralty  Practice. 

Dunlap,  William,  1766-1839,  manager  of  the  Park 
Theatre,  N.  York,  a  dramatic  author  and  a  painter,  was  a 
native  of  Perth  Amboy.  N.  Jersey.  Life  of  George  Fre- 
derick Cooke,  Lon.,  1813,  2  vols.  8vo;  and  a  2d  ed. 

'■Those  who  desire  a  faithful  portrait  of  this  strange  genius 
may  be  safely  referred  to  the  Life  published  by  Dunlap.  a  close  ob- 
server and  a  truthful  writer." —  Wood's  Personal  RecolUctiuns  of  the 
Stage,  Plilla.,  1865. 12mo. 

"  Very  little  reliance  can  be  placed  on  the  theatrical  and  other 
anecdotes  recorded  in  these  volumes." — Lowndes's  Bibl.  Man. 

"  We  have  seldom  been  more  amused  and  instructed  than  by  the 
perusal  of  these  volumes." — Lon.  Theatrical  Inquisitor. 

The  American  Theatre.  N.  York,  1832,  Svo  ;  Lon.,  1833. 
Hist,  of  Arts  and  Designs  in  the  U.  States.  N.  York.  1834, 
2  vols.  Svo.  Thirty  Years  Ago:  a  Novel,  1836.  Hist,  of 
N.  York,  for  Schools.  1837,  2  vols.  12mo;  abridged,  1844, 
2  vols.  ISmo.  New  Netherlands  Province  of  New  York, 
1840,  2  vols.  Svo.     See  Duyckincks'  Cyc.  of  Amer.  Lit. 

Dunlop,  Bell,  and  Murray.  Decis.  Ct.  Sess..  1835- 
40,  5  vols.  Svo,  Eilin.,  1836-40;  ditto,  1S40,  '41,  1841,  Svo, 
by  Dunlop  and  Donaldson. 

Dunlop,  Alexander,  1684-1742,  an  American,  Pro- 
fessor of  Greek,  Uuiv.  Glasgow.  Greek  Grammar,  1736,' 
many  edits.     Long  used  in  the  Scotch  universities. 

Dunlop,  Alexander,  Treatise  on  the  Law  of  Scot- 
land relative  to  the  Poor,  Edin.,  182S,  Svo. 

'■  Decidedly  the  best  work  on  the  subject." — McCuUoch's  Lit.  of 
Polif.  Economy. 

Answer,  Ac.  rel.  to  Claims  Ch.  of  Scotland,  3d  ed.,  1S40, 
Svo.  Law  of  Patronage  of  Pjirocbial  Ministers  in  Scot- 
land, 8vo.     Parochial  Law  in  Scotland.  3d  ed.,  1841,  Svo. 

"As  an  able  and  accurate  exposition  of  the  law,  Mr.  Dunlop's 
Treatise  deserves  every  commendation,  and  may  be  considered  as 
our  safest  authority."—!  Eil.  L.  J.,  218. 

Dunlop,  James.  Laws  of  Pennsylvania,  1700-1853, 
chronologically  arranged,  with  Notes  and  References  to  all 
the  Decisions  of  the  Supreme  Ct.  of  Penna.,  giving  con- 
struction to  said  Laws,  with  a  copious  Index,  3d  ed.,  Phila., 
1853,  Svo.  Highly  commended  by  the  Hon.  Judges  Gib- 
son, Grier,  Coulter,  Rogers,  Burnside,  Woodward,  Thomp- 
son, Hepburn,  Lowrie,  <fec.  Digest  of  the  General  Laws 
of  the  U.  States,  Phila.,  1858,  r.  Svo.    Highly  commended. 

Dunlop,  John.  1.  History  of  Fiction,  Lon.,  1S14,  3 
Tols.  p.  Svo:  2d  ed.,  1816;  3d, 'l 845. 

"He  has  executed  a  defective  plan,  in  what  we  are  inclined  to 
think  rather  a  superficial  manner." — Lon.  Qunr.  Rev.,  xiii.  384. 

"  Upon  the  whole,  thoutrh  we  wish  to  see  the  History  of  Fiction 
executed  on  a  very  different  plan,  and  with  a  greater  spirit  of  philo- 
Bophical  intjuiryand  critical  acufeness,  we  recommend  the  jiresent 
publication  as  an  a^reealile  and  curious  jNIiscellauy.  which  disco- 
vers uncommon  iuformation  and  leai  uiug." — Eilin.  Riv.,  sxiv.  58. 


DUN 

2.  History  of  Roman  Literature.  1S23-2S.  3  vols.  8vo. 
3.  Memoira  of  Spain  during  the  Reigns  of  Philip  IV.  and 
Charles  II..  ir<31-1700.  Edin.,  1834,  2  vols.  8vo.  If  the 
reader  will  procure  this  work,  Watson's  Philip  II.  and 
III.,  Robertson's  Charles  V,,  and  Coxe's  Bourbon  Kings, 
he  will  have  a  continuous  history  of  Spain  to  1788. 

"  Mr.  Dunlop's  work  abounds  with  important  instruction  to  the 
philosopher  and  the  politician;  and  we  gladly  acknowledge  our 
oMiu;ations  for  this  valualde  contribution  to  i^panish  history.  He 
has  collected  matter  previously  dispersed  throu;:h  a  great  number 
of  works,  into  one  consecutive,  agreeable,  and  lively  narrative." — 
Lov.  AthrTKPiivi. 

Mr.  Dunlop  has  pnb.  some  other  work.i. 

Dunlop,  Robert  Glasgow.  Travels  in  Central 
America,  ttith  Journal.  Ac,  Lon.,  1837,  p.  8vo. 

"It  abounds  with  valuable  statistical  and  general  information 
of  the  towns,  the  people,  the  climate,  and  the  products." — Colonial 
Mixgaziiif. 

"Solid  information  is  the  distinguishing  feature  of  the  above." — 
Jjon.  SjwcUilor. 

Dunlop,  \Vm.,  1692-1720,  a  native  of  Glasgow,  Prof, 
of  Divinity  and  Ch.  History,  Univ.  Edinburgh,  1716. 

A  Collection  of  Confessions  of  Faith.  Catechisms,  Direc- 
tions, Books  of  Discipline,  Ac.  of  publick  authority  in  the 
Ch.  of  Scotland,  with  the  Acts  of  Assembly,  &.Q.,  Edin., 
1719-20,  2  vols.  sm.  8vo.  A  most  valuable  work.  Some 
copies  of  the  preface  were  struck  t)ff  separately,  under  the 
title  of  A  Full  Account  of  the  several  ends  and  uses  of 
Confessions  of  Faith,  Ac,  1721,  Svo;  again.  1775,  12mo. 

*■  Sensible  and  scriptural." — Bicker strth's  Chris.  Student. 

It  was  answered  by  Moses  Lowman  in  1721,  Svo.  Serms. 
and  Lectures,  2  vols.  Svo;  1716-22;  again,  1725.  Glasg., 
1747,  2  vols.  12mo.  Though  Professor  Dunlop  died  at  the 
early  age  of  28,  he  bad  attained  great  reputation  as  a 
powerful  and  jiathetic  preacher: 

"  When  hr  preached,  he  had  very  crowded  and  attentive  audito- 
ries. When  he  tiauied  in  the  pulpit,  and  triumphed  over  his  cap- 
tivated hearers,  it  was  not  by  mere  artificial  rhetorif,  but  from  the 
real  sentiment  and  alTectJons  of  his  own  soul  transferred  into  theirs. 
Argumentative,  copious,  and  fervent." — Dr.  E.  }Villiams'&  Chris. 
Prmcher. 

Dunn.  Index  to  the  Journals  of  the  H.  of  Commons, 
vol.  XXV.  to  Iv.,  inclusive,  Lon.,  2  vols.  fol.  Comes  down 
to  end  of  the  year  1800. 

Dunn,  I.ady,     Recluse,  a  Novel,  2  vols.  r.  12mo. 
Dunn,  Edward.     V.  Disease.  Lon.,  1724.  Svo. 
Dunn,  Edward,     Theolog.,  &c.  works,  1796-99. 
Dunn,  Henry.     Educational  works,  Ac,  1829-48. 
Dunn,  John.     Manners,  Customs,  and  Usages,  Ac.  of 
the  Nations  of  Asia.  Africa,  and  America,  from  the  French 
of  Lambert,  Lon.,  1750,  2  vols.  Svo. 

Dunn,  Sir  Patrick.     His  Case,  Ac,  fol. 
Dunn,  S.     Tbcolog.  and  biog.  works,  1837-47. 
Dunn,  Samuel,  Prof,  of  Mathemat.  at  Crediton  and 
Chelsea,  pub.  several  works  upon  astronomy,  navigation, 
mathematics,  &c.,  1759-93,  and  papers  in  Phil.  Trans., 
1761-64. 

Dunne,  Charles.  The  Chirurgical  Candidate,  or  re- 
flections on  surgical  education,  Lon.,  1S08,  Svo. 

Dunne,  John.  Notices  rel.  to  some  of  the  Native 
Tribes  of  N.  America;  in  Trans.  R.  Irish  Acad.,  1S03. 

Dunning,  Capt.  Scheme  for  preventing  the  Progress 
of  the  Plague,  fol. 

Dunning,  John,  Lord  Ashburton,  1731-17S.3,  one  of 
the  most  distinguished  of  modern  lawyers.  Defence  of 
the  United  Company  of  Merchants,  being  an  answer  to  the 
Dutch  Memorial,  1762,  4to.  Letters  to  the  Proprietors  of 
the  E.  India  Stock,  occasioned  by  Lord  Clive's  Letter  on 
bis  Jaghire,  1761,  Svo. 

Dunning,  Richard.  Office  of  Overseer  of  the  Poor, 
1686. 

Dunning,  Richard.     Cow  Pox,  Ac,  1800-06. 
Dunscombe,  T.     Tribute  to  Dr.  Evans,  1792,  Svo. 
Dunsford,  i>]nrtin,  d.  1S07.      Hist.  Memoir  of  the 
Town  and  Parish  of  Tiverton,  2d  ed.,  Lon.,  1790,  4to. 

Duns  Scotus,  John,  supposed  to  have  been  born 
about  1265,  died  at  Cologne,  1308,  is  believed  to  have  been 
a  native  of  Dunstimce.  near  Alnwick,  Northumberland. 
Others,  however,  claim  him  as  a  native  of  Dunse,  Berwick- 
shire, Scotland,  and  still  others  nssert  him  to  have  been  an 
Irishman.  "Whilst  young  he  joined  the  Miuorite  friars, 
■who  sent  him  to  Oxford,  where  he  was  admitted  into  Mer- 
ton  College,  of  which  he  became  Fellow.  In  1301  he  suc- 
ceeded William  Varrou  as  Profes.  of  Theology  at  Oxford, 
and  taught  with  such  eloquence  and  acceptance,  that  30,000 
scholars  thronged  around  his  chair.  We  cannot,  however, 
vouch  for  the  correctness  of  the  numbers.  In  1304  he  re- 
moved to  Paris,  and  about  1307  was  placed  at  the  head  of 
the  theological  school  of  that  famed  city  of  learning.  He 
is  said  to  have  been  the  first  teacher  of  the  doctrine  of  the 

532 


BUN 

immaoxilate  conception  of  the  Virgin  Mary.  He  was  for 
some  time  a  follower  of  Thomas  Aquinas,  but  differing 
from  him  on  the  qucf-tion  concerning  the  efficacy  of  divine 
grace,  he  established  a  new  school:  the  disputes  of  the 
Thomists  and  Scotists  henceforth  are  matters  of  history, 
trifling  as  their  subjects  often  were.  Scotus  was  so  noted 
for  his  acuteness  as  to  acquire  the  name  of  the  "  Subtle 
Doctor."  He  wrote  many  works  on  theology,  on  metaphy- 
sics, &c,  acoUective  edit,  of  which  (save  a  few  still  in  MS.) 
was  pub.  by  Luke  ^Vadding  in  1639,  Lyons,  12  vols.  fol. 

The  reader  who  wishes  to  sharpen  his  wits  in  dialectics 
will  find  ample  employment  in  these  volumes  for  the  long 
evenings  of  several  winters.  To  encourage  him  to  embark 
upon  so  fascinating  an  amusement,  we  give  a  specimen  of 
the  eulogies  which  were  lavished  upon  the  Subtle  Doctor 
by  his  followers: 

"  lie  was  so  consummate  a  pldlopopber.  that  he  could  have  been 
the  inventor  of  philosophy,  if  it  had  not  before  existed.  [How  un- 
fortunate!] His  knowledge  of  all  the  mysteries  of  Iteliyion  was 
so  profuund  .ind  perfect,  that  it  was  rather  intuitive  certainty  than 
belief.  He  described  the  divine  nature  as  if  he  had  seen  God; — 
the  attributes  of  celestial  spirits  as  if  he  had  been  an  au^el;— the 
felicities  of  a  future  statei  as  if  he  had  enjoyed  them;— and  the 
waysof  providence  as  if  he  had  pt-netrated  into  all  its  secrets.  He 
wrote  so  many  books,  that  one  man  is  hardly  able  to  read  them; 
and  no  one  man  is  able  to  understand  them.  He  would  have 
written  more,  if  he  had  composed  with  less  care  and  accuracy. 
Such  was  our  immortal  Scotus,  the  most  ingenious,  acute,  and  sub- 
tile of  the  sons  of  meu." 

See  Bale,  Pits,  and  Tanner;  Cave.  vol.  ii.;  Henry's  Hist. 
of  Great  Britain;  Wood's  Annals ;  Mackenzie's  Scotch  AVri- 
ters;  Biog.  Brit;  Bruckeri  Hist.  Philos.,  torn,  iii.,  p.  828. 
The  candid  confession  that  no  man  could  understand  the 
Subtle  Doctor's  profundities  reminds  us  of  a  saying  attri- 
buted to  Hegel,  when  dying ; — that  of  all  his  numerous 
disciples  only  one  had  understood  him, — and  he  misunder- 
stood him ! 

Dunstable^  John^  d.  1458,  an  English  musician,  au- 
thor of  De  Mensurabili  MusicTi,  quoted  by  Morley,  Fran- 
chinus,  and  Ravenseroft,  but  now  lost.  The  two  last  give 
some  fragments  of  Dunstable's  musical  compositions.  In 
the  Bodleian  Library  there  is  a  geographical  tract  by  Dun- 
stable. 

Dnnstan,  St.,  925-9SS,  a  native  of  Glastonbury,  So- 
mersetshire, Bishop  of  Worcester,  of  London,  and  finally 
Archbishop  of  Canterbury  about  959,  extended  the  Papal 
influence  throughout  England,  and,  as  the  representative 
of  Rome,  ruled  the  kingdom  with  a  rod  of  iron.  But 
Ethelred  was  not  so  easily  governed  as  his  predecessor 
Edgar  had  been,  and  Dunstan  retired  to  his  cloisters  to  die 
of  chagrin  and  mortification.  A  vol.  of  his  works  was 
pub.  at  Douay  in  1626,  Svo,  and  LauneelotColstou  pub.  one 
of  his  treatises  with  the  Philosophia  Maturata,  Lon.,  1668, 
12mo. 

Dunstanville,  Francis,  Lord  De.  Carew's  Survey 
of  Cornwall,  Lon.,  1811,  4to.  See  Carew,  Richabd. 
Speech  at  the  County  Meeting  of  Bodmin,  1S09,  8vo. 

Dunstar,  Samuel.  Auglia  Rediviva;  being  a  full 
description  of  all  the  Shires,  Cities,  Principal  Towns,  and 
Rivers  in  England,  Lon.,  1669,  Svo. 

Dunster,  Charles,  Rector  of  Petworth,  Sussex.  Mil- 
ton's Paradise  Regained,  with  Notes,  Lon.,  1795,  4to.  Con- 
siderations on  Milton's  Early  Reading,  aud  the  Prima 
Stamina  of  his  Paradise  Lost,  1800,  8vo.  A  valuable  work. 
He  gives  extracts  from  Joshua  Sylvester's  works.  Observ. 
on  St.  Luke's  Gospel,  1S05,  Svo;  on  St.  Matthew's,  1806, 
Svo;  on  St.  Luke's,  ISOS,  Svo.  Synopsis  of  the  three  first 
Gospels,  &.Q.,  1S12,  r.  Svo.     Other  works. 

Dunster,  Rev.  D.  Trans,  of  Drexelius  on  Eternity, 
edited  by  Rev.  H.  P.  Dunstcr,  Lon.,  1S44,  12mo. 

''(.If  siufiular  merit,  and  excellently  adapted  to  awaken  the  air 
tentiou  to  a  suVtject  so  important." 

Dunster,  H.  P.     Stories  from  Froissart,  Lon.,  1847, 
ISmo.    Sec  Ber.ners,  Lonn.    Fragments  of  History,  12mo. 
Dunster,  Henry,  d.  1659,  first  President  of  Harvard 
College,  in  conjunction  with  Richard  Lyon,  improved  the 
new  version  of  the  Psalms  made  by  Eliot,  Welde,  and  Ma- 
ther, printed  in  1640. 
I      Dunster,  Samuel,  D.D.     Trans,  of  Horace's  Satires 
and  Art  of  Poetry  into  English  verse.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1708, 
8vo. 
Dunstcrvill,  Edward.     Funl.  Serm.,  1642. 
Dunthorne,  Rev.  Richard,  1711-1775.  Astronomi- 
cal con.  to  Phil.  Trans..  1747,  '49,  '51.  '62. 

Dunton,  John.  A  True  lovrnall  of  the  Sally  Fleet, 
Lon.,  1637,  4to.     See  Oxford  CoUec.  Voy.  and  Trav. 

Dunton,  John,  1659-1733,  an  eccentric  bookseller, 
being  unsuccessful  in  business,  turned  author,  and  jmb. 
several  works.     The  Dublin  Scuffle,  1699,  Svo. 


DUP 

"This  curious  production  may  be  considered  as  the  earliest  at- 
tempt at  Irish  topography." 

The  Athenian  Mercury,  or  a  Scheme  to  answer  a  Series 
of  Questions  Monthly,  the  Querist  remaining  concealed. 
Continued  to  al)out  20  vols. ;  reprinted  by  Bell,  under  the 
title  of  The  Atheiiinn  Oracle,  1728,  4  vols.  8vo;  abridged, 
182U,  Svo.  Atlicnianisra,  or  the  Projects  of  Mr.  John 
Dunton.  This  contains  600  Treatises  in  Prose  and  Verse, 
The  Life  and  Ermrs  of  Mr.  John  Dunton,  with  the  Lives 
and  Characters  of  more  than  a  thousand  Contemporary 
Divines,  and  other  Persons  of  Literary  Eminence.  Lon., 
1705.  Svo.  We  here  find  an  account  of  his  visit  to  Boston, 
Kew  England,  (in  1685,)  where  he  resided  for  8  months, 
and  sketches  of  the  ministers,  booksellers,  and  other  citi- 
zens of  Boston  and  Salem.  New  edit,  with  .=electioDs  from 
Dunton's  other  works,  1818,  2  vols.  Svo.  Religio  Biblio- 
pulce,  or  the  Religion  of  a  Bookseller,  1728.  Svo.  See 
Bridgwater,  Benjamin.  The  Banger  of  Living  in  a 
Known  Sin,  and  the  Hazard  of  a  Death-Bed  Repentance, 
173S,  Svo.  See  a  list  of  Dunton's  many  pieces  in  Lowndes's 
Bibl.  Man. 

"Dunton's  Life  and  Errors  is  a  most  curious  Work,  abounding 
in  Literary  History  of  an  interesting  nature.*" — AwWe's  Granger. 

Duponceau,  Peter  S.,  1760-1844,  a  native  of  the 
Isle  of  Rhe,  on  the  western  coast  of  France,  was  for  some 
time  secretary  to  Count  de  Gebelin,  author  of  the  Monde 
Primitif.  Baron  Steuben,  however,  prevailed  upon  him  to 
resign  this  quiet  post,  and  accompany  him  to  America  as 
his  secretary  and  aide-de-camp.  They  lauded  at  Ports- 
mouth, New  Hampshire,  Dec.  1,  1777,  and  on  the  18th 
February  ensuing,  Mr.  Duponceau  was  appointed  a  captain 
by  brevet  in  the  army  of  the  United  States.  In  1780  his 
ill  health  obliged  bim  to  leave  the  army,  and  in  October, 
1781,  he  was  appointed  secretary  to  Robert  R.  Livingston, 
head  of  the  Departmeutof  Foreign  Affairs.  After  holding 
the  office  for  about  19  months.  Mr.  Duponceau  commenced 
the  study  of  the  law,  and  was  admitted  an  attorney  in 
June,  17So.  In  his  new  profession  he  soon  rose  to  great 
eminence,  and  felt  unwilling  to  resign  his  increasing  busi- 
ness fur  the  office  of  Chief  Justice  of  Louisiana,  which 
was  tendered  to  him  by  President  Jefferson.  Mr.  Dupon- 
ceau remained  a  resident  of  Philadelphia  until  his  death, 
taking  an  active  interest  in  legal,  philosophical,  and  philo- 
logical pursuits,  and  esteeming  as  not  the  least  of  the  re- 
wards of  his  labours,  an  election  to  a  Corresponding  Mem- 
bership of  the  French  Institute.  The  same  learned  body 
awarded  to  him  the  prize  of  "  Linguistique,'"  founded  by 
Volney,  for  a  Memoir  on  the  Indian  Languages  of  North 
America,  (in  French,)  which  was  subsequently  pub.  in  Paris. 
Mr.  D.  pub.  several  other  works,  and  was  the  author  of 
many  memoirs  communicated  to  literary  and  scientific 
societies,  addresses,  essays,  and  minor  pieces.  See  Encyc. 
Amer.,  xiv.  242.  A  Dissertation  on  the  Nature  and  Ex- 
tent of  the  Jurisdiction  of  the  Courts  of  the  U.  States ;  to 
which  are  added  a  brief  Sketch  of  the  National  Judiciary 
Powers  exercised  iu  the  United  States  prior  to  the  adoption 
of  the  present  Federal  Constitution,  by  Thomas  Sergeant, 
and  the  author's  Discourse  on  Legal  Education,  Phila., 
1824,  Svo. 

•■  A  work  that  should  be  profoundlv  studied  by  all  American 
authnrs."— A'  Anwr.  Rrview.  xx.  03,  1825. 

'■The  learned  author  of  this  Dissertation  is  well  known  as  a 
scholar  and  a  philosopher,  who  thinks  deeply  and  accurately.  The 
volume  has  been  extensively  read,  and  will  continue  so  to  be." — 
S'lffmaii's  Lvgal  Student,  5(J8, 

Eulogium  in  Commendation  of  the  Hon.  W.  Tilghman, 
Chief  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Penna.,  1827,  Svo. 
,  A  brief  View  of  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States,  ad- 
dressed to  the  Law  Academy  of  Philadelphia,  1834,  12mo. 
Dissertation  on  the  Nature  and  Character  of  the  Chinese 
System  of  Writing.  1838.  This  was  the  last  of  his  works. 
He  contends  that  the  Chinese  language  is  not  ideographic^ 
as  was  generally  maintained,  but  lexigraphic.  See  a  review, 
N.  Amei".  Rev.,  xlviii.  271. 

A  specimen  of  Mr.  Duponceau's  philological  criticism 
may  be  seen  in  his  Notes  to  the  new  edit,  of  John  Eliot's 
Grammar  of  the  Massachusetts  Indian  Language,  Boston, 
1822,  Svo.  This  is  a  reprint  of  EUot'a  Indian  Grammar, 
pub.  in  1666. 

Dupout,  John.  Serm.,  Lon.,  1757,  Svo. 
Duport,  James,  D.D.,  1606-1679.  an  eminent  Greek 
scholar,  educated  at,  and  Fellow  of,  Trinity  College,  Cam- 
bridge, Regius  Prof,  of  Greek,  1632;  Master  of  Magdalen 
College,  Cambridge,  1668.  Gnomologia  Homcri,  1660. 
Tres  Libri  Salomonis.  &c.,  1646, 12mo.  Metaphrasis  Libri 
Psalmorum.  <ic.,  1666,  4to.  Musse  SubsecivEe,  1676,  Svo. 
Sorm.,  1660,  4to.  Three  Serms.,  1676,  4to.  Lectures  on 
Theophrastus's  Characters,  1712. 


DUR 

Bnport,  John,  d.  1617,  Preb.  of  Ely,  1609,  was  ono 
of  the  iratis.  of  K.  .James's  version  of  tlie  Bilde. 

Duppa,  Brian,  1588-1662,  educated  at  Christ  Church, 
Oxford,  Bishop  of  Chichester,  163S ;  trans,  to  Salisbury, 
1 641 ;  Bishop  of  Salisbury,  1660.  1 .  The  Soul's  Soliloquies, 
164S,  Svo.  2.  Angels  Rejoicing  for  Sinners  Repenting, 
1648,  4to.  Both  the  above  are  sermons.  3.  A  Guide  for 
the  Penitent,  1660,  Svo.  4.  Holy  Rules  and  Helps  to  De- 
votion, 1074, 12mo.  He  is  said  to  have  assisted  K.  Charles 
in  composing  the  Eikon  Basilike. 

Duppa,  Richard,  d.  1831.  aged  64,  educated  at  Trin. 
Coll.,  Oxf.  Journal  at  Rome,  Lon.,  1799,  Svo.  12  Heads 
from  the  Last  Judgment  of  M.  Augeio,  1801,  imp.  fol. 
Head  from  Raffaelo,  1S03,  fnl.  Life  and  Works  of  Angelo, 
1806,  imp.  4to;  new  ed.,  1846.  Life  of  Raffaelo,  1816,  Svo. 
Price  of  Corn,  ISlo,  Svo.  Infroduc.  to  (ircck,  1815,  Svo. 
Dr.  Johnson's  Diary  into  N.  Wales,  with  Notes.  1816,  Svo, 
incorporated  in  Croker's  Boswell  Travels  on  the  Continent, 
1829,  imp.  Svo.  Linnjean  System  of  Botany,  3  vols.  Svo. 
Other  works.  Mr.  Q.  De  Quincey's  Life  of  Raffaelo  is  in- 
cluded in  the  new  edit.  (1846,  Svo)  of  Duppa's  Life  of 
M.  Angelo. 

•'  In  this  volume  we  have  combined  at  once  a  sket^-h  of  painting 
during  its  brightest  era,  and  an  account  of  the  two  great  masters 
who  may  empbatifally  be  described  as  the  restorers  of  art  in  Eu- 
rope."— E'hn.  Review. 

Du  Pratz,  M.  Le  Pa§:e«  Hist,  of  Louisiana,  or  of 
the  Western  Parts  of  Virginia  and  Carolina,  Lon.,  1763,  2 
vols.  Svo. 

"  This  author  seems  to  have  paid  particular  attention  to  geology, 
mineralogy,  and  other  branches  of  natural  history." — Loivndes^s 
Bihl.  Man. 

Dupre,  Edward.     Serm.,  1782,  4to. 

Dupre,  John,  D.D.,  d.  1835,  aged  82.  Serm.,  1781, 
4to.  Serms.,  1782-87,  2  vols.  Svo.  Discourses,  1S15,  2 
vols.  Svo. 

Dnpre,  Wm.    Lexicographia  Neologico-Gallica,  ISOl, 

Dn{inis,  Joseph,  Journal  of  a  Residence  in  Ashan- 
tee,  Lon.,  1824,  4to. 

"These  p-ipers  throw  much  light  on  the  subject  of  African  dis- 
covery, and  will  be  of  great  use  to  future  travellers." 

"The  work  of  a  man  of  considerable  talent." — Edin.  RevieAO. 

Dupuis,  Thomas  S,,  1733-1796,  an  English  musical 
composer.  Two  of  his  anthem.s  will  l)e  found  in  Page's 
Harmonia  Sacra.  A  selection  from  his  works  was  pub.  in 
2  vols,  by  his  pupil,  Mr.  Spencer,  nephew  and  son-in-law 
of  the  Duke  of  Marlborough. 

Dupny,  Eliza  A.,  born  at  Petersburg,  Va.,  a  descend- 
ant of  one  of  the  oldest  Huguenot  families  in  that  State. 
She  has  written  many  works,  of  which  the  following  are 
the  principal :  1.  The  Conspirator;  of  this  there  have  been 
24,000  copies  sold.  2.  Emma  Walton,  or  Trials  and  Tri- 
umphs. 3.  Celeste.  4.  Florence,  or  the  Fatal  Vow.  5.  Sepa- 
ration. 6.  Concealed  Treasure.  7.  Ashleigh.  8.  Tho 
Country  Neighbourhood,  N.  Y.,  1855. 

Dnqnery,  Henry.  Speech  in  H.  of  Commons  on  Ne- 
gotiation with  France,  1795,  Svo. 

Duquesne,  M.  Voyage  to  the  E.  Indies,  1690,  '91,  a 
descrip.  of  Maldives,  Cocos,  Andamant.  kc,  Lon.,  1696. 

Durand,  David,  1679-1763,  a  native  of  Languedoc, 
pastor  of  the  French  Church  in  the  Savoy,  London,  pub.  a 
number  of  works  upon  theologj-,  painting,  natural  history, 
&c.,  1717-53.  Serms.,  Rotterdam.  1711,  sm.  Svo.  Hist, 
du  seixieme  Siecle,  Lon..  1725-32,  7  parts,  Svo. 

Dnrant,  J.     Coal  Mine,  &q..,  Phil.  Trans.,  1746. 

Durant,  John,  b.  1620,  a  Nonconformist  divine, 
ejected  16(12.     Salvation  of  the  Saints,  Lon.,  1653,  Svo. 

"A  delightful  niillenariau  vrriter." 

Six  Serms.,  1655.  Svo.  Spiritual  Seamen,  1655.  Comfort 
and  Counsel,  1658,  Svo.  Altum  Silentium,  1659,  12mo.  A 
Cluster  of  Grapes  taken  out  of  the  Basket  of  the  Woman 
of  Canaan  ;  being  the  sum  of  certain  Serms.,  1660,  Svo. 

Dnrant,  John.     Art  in  Nature,  1697,  Svo. 

Duranti,  Saml.     Serms.,  1623,  Svo. 

Durbin,  J.  P.,  D.D.,  adistinguished  Methodist  divine, 
was  burn  in  Bourbon  county,  Kentucky,  in  1800;  entered 
Miami  University,  1822;  subsequently  studied  at  the  col- 
lege in  Cincinnati,  and  was  appointed  Professor  of  Lan- 
guages in  Augusta  College,  Ky. ;  Chaplain  U.  States  Senate, 
1831;  editor  Christian  Advocate  and  Journal.  1S32;  Pre- 
sident of  Dickinson  College,  Carlisle,  1834-45;  received 
the  degree  of  D.D.,  1S37;  visited  Europe,  Asia,  and  Africa, 
1842, '43;  pastor  of  a  congregation  in  Phila.,  1845;  Secre- 
tary of  the  Board  of  Foreign  and  Domestic  Missions,  1S50 ; 
this  oflBce  he  still  retains.  (1858.)  He  has  been  elected  to 
the  general  conference  of  the  Church  on  four  several  occa- 
sions, viz. :  in  1844,  '48,  '62,  and  '56.  See  Men  of  the  Time, 
N.Y.,  1852.  Author  of  Observations  in  Europe,  principally 
in  France  and  Great  Britain,  N.  York,  1844,  2  vols.  12mo. 

633 


DUR 

Higbly  commendecl  as  combining  information  and  enter-  1 
tainment  to  a  remarkable  dec^ree.  Also.  Observs.  in  E^ypt, 
Palestine,  Syria,  and  Asia  Minor,  1845,  2  vols.  12mo.  ; 
Edited  the  American  edit,  of  Wood's  Mosaic  History  of  \ 
the  Creation,  with  copious  Notes,  New  York,  1831,  8vo.  ! 
Contributed  to  sundry  periodicals.  For  further  particulars  , 
respecting  Dr.  Durbin,  see  the  National  Magazine,  pub.  by  i 
Messrs.  Carlton  and  Phillips,  New  York.  I 

Durel,  John,  D.D..  1025-16S3,  a  native  of  St.  Helier's,  I 
Isle  of  Jersey,  entered  Merton  Coll.,  Oxf.,  1640;  Prcb.  of  ] 
Salisbury  and  Canon  of  Windsor,  1663  ;  Dean  of  Windsor, 
1677.     During  the  Commonwealth  he  retired  to  France;  , 
at  the  Restoration  became  minister  of  the  French  Church 
in  the  Savoy,  London.     Respecting  the  Savoy,  see  Strype,  i 
Wood's  Athen.  Oxon..  or  Cunningham's   Hand   Book  of  [ 
London.     A  View  of  the  Govt,  and  Pub.  'Worship  of  God  ! 
in  Reformed  Churches  beyond  the  Seas ;  wherein  is  shewed  ; 
their  Conformity  and  Agreement  with  the  Ch.  of  England,  ! 
Lon.,  1662,  4to;  abridged,  1705,  8vo.     This  book  excited  [ 
a  warm  controversy;  see  Athen,  Oxon.     Sanctce  Ecclesiae 
Anglicame,   <fec.,   1669,   4to.       Theoremata    Philosophiae. 
Among  the  pieces  in  this  collection  is  a  French  trans,  of 
the  Whole   Duty  of  Man.  partly  written  by  Mrs.  Durel. 
The  Liturgy  of  the  Ch.  of  England  asserted,  in  a  Serm., 
preached  in  French;  trans,  into  English  by  G.  B.,  Lon., 
1662,  '68.  4to.     In  Latin,  1670,  Svo. 

Durell,  David,  D.D.,  1728-1775,  a  native  of  the  Isle 
of  Jersey,  educated  at  Pembroke  Coll.,  Oxf.,  became  Fel- 
low and  Principal  of  Hertford  Coll.  The  Hebrew  Text  of 
the  Parallel  Prophecies  of  Jacob  and  Moses,  relating  to 
the  twelve  Tribes,  with  trans.,  notes,  &c.,  Oxf.,  1764,  4to. 
Critical  Remarks  on  the  Book  of  Job,  Proverbs,  Psalms, 
Ecclcsiastes,  and  Canticles.  See  an  analysis  of  this  work 
in  the  Lon.  Monthly  Review,  0.  S.,  xlvii'.  119-129. 

''  Many  of  the  observations  in  these  volumes  are  of  considerable 
value.  Dr.  Durell  was  a  bold  critic,  and  dealt  freely,  and  sometiaies 
successfully,  in  emendations  of  the  text,  and  in  new  arrangements 
of  the  words  and  letters.  ,  .  .  His  works  deserve  a  place  in  every 
critical  library." — Orme's  Bibl.  Bib. 

Durell,  Philip.  A  Particular  Account  of  the  Taking 
of  Cape  Breton  from  the  French,  Lon.,  1745,  fol. 

Durfee,  Job,  1790-1847,  b.  in  Tiverton,  R.L  What- 
cheer;  a  Poem,  1832,  12mo.  Complete  Works  of,  with  a 
Memoir  by  his  Son,  Providence,  1849,  Svo. 

D'Urfey,  Thomas,  d.  at  an  advanced  age,  1723,  was 
a  descendant  of  an  ancient  French  Protestant  family  who 
settled  in  Exeter,  where  Tom — as  he  is  always  styled — hrst 
saw  the  light.  In  early  life  he  selected  the  law  as  a  pro- 
fession ;  but  a  taste  for  light  literature  indisposed  him  to 
serious  application  to  legal  research,  and  the  gay  company 
which  he  frequented  left  him  little  leisure  for  such  profit- 
able occupation  of  his  time.  Besides,  he  possessed  the 
dangerous  accomplishments,  seldom  combined,  of  being 
able  to  write  and  sing  a  good  song.  lie  also  commenced 
composing  dramatic  pieces, — The  Siege  of  Memphis,  1672; 
Madam  Fickle,  1677;  Bussy  D'Ambois,  1691,  and  29 
others, — see  list  in  Biog.  Dramat., — which,  fortunately, 
are  now  forgotten. 

Towards  the  close  of  his  life  he  was  a  sufferer  from  the 
res  aiujmta  domi ;  and — to  quote  his  own  language — 
**  after  having  written  more  odes  than  Horace,  and  about 
four  times  as  many  comedies  as  Terence,  he  found  himself 
reduced  to  great  diflSculties  by  the  importunities  of  a  set 
of  men,  who  of  late  years  had  furnished  him  with  the  ac- 
commodations of  life,  and  would  not,  as  we  say,  be  paid 
with  a  song."     See  Guardian,  No.  67. 

By  the  influence  of  Addison,  D'Urfey's  play  of  The 
Plotting  Sisters  was  acted  for  his  benefit,  and  seems  to 
have  produced  a  handsome  result.  In  the  Guardian,  No. 
67,  Addison  makes  a  strong  appeal  for  a  good  benefit  to 
the  veteran  wit  and  poet.  D'Urfey  excelled  in  song,  sa- 
tires, and  irregular  odes.  A  collection  of  these  was  pub. 
in  three  volumes,  under  the  singular  title  of  Laugh  and 
be  Fat,  or  Pills  to  Purge  Melancholy.  These  were  repub- 
lished, and  three  vols,  added,  by  subscription  in  1719,  '20, 
under  the  title  of  Wit  and  Mirth,  or  Pills  to  Purge  Melan- 
choly, 6  vols.  12mo.  It  would  appear  that  to  the  first  col- 
lection, at  least,  there  had  been  other  contributors  besides 
D'Urfey. 

*'  I  cannot  sufficiently  admire  the  facetious  title  of  these  volumes, 
and  must  censure  the  world  of  ingratitude,  while  they  are  so  negli- 
gent in  rewarding  the  jocose  laboursof  my  friend  Mr.  D'Urfey,  who 
was  so  large  a  contributor  to  this  treatise,  and  to  whose  humorous 
productions  so  many  rural  squires  in  the  remotest  parts  of  this 
island  are  obliged  for  the  dignity  and  stat«  which  corpulency  gives 
them." — Sir KiCHARD Steele:  Guardiiin,  No. 29,Aprill4, 1713.  KicU 
si  sapis. 

A  collection  of  his  Poems,  consisting  of  Satyrs,  Elegies, 
and  Odes»  was  pub.  in  1690,  Svo.     Stories,  Moral  and  Co- 


DUR 

mical,  1691,  Svo.  Tales,  Tragical  and  Comical,  1704,  Svo. 
New  Operas,  with  Comical  Stories  and  Poems,  1721,  Svo. 
See  Lowndes's  Bibl.  Man.  for  separate  publications.  To 
the  Essay  towards  the  Theory  of  the  .Intelligible  World, 
Swift  is  said  to  be  indebted;  particularly  for  the  idea  of 
his  marbled  pages.  These  volumes  are  now  scarce.  Mr. 
Henry  G.  Bohn,  London,  some  years  since  advertised  a 
collection,  14  vols,  iu  all,  uniformly  bound  in  morocco,  at 
£16  16«.  The  higher  such  books  are  held  in  price,  the 
better  for  the  public.  We  want  no  People's  Editions  of 
writers  of  this  class. 

D'Urfey's  Tory  songs  did  much  to  strengthen  the  royal 
cause,  and  his  Protestant  lays  helped  to  bring  popery  into 
disrepute.  In  the  style  both  of  his  personal  character 
and  his  writings,  no  man  could  have  better  suited  the  dis- 
solute circles  in  which  he  spent  his  youth  and  middle  age, 
than  Tom  D'Urfey. 

"I  myself  remember  King  Charles  leaning  on  Tom  D'Urfey's 
shoulder  more  than  once,  and  humming  over  a  song  with  him.  It 
is  certain  that  monarch  was  not  a  little  supported  by  'Joy  to  great 
Cfosar,'  which  gave  the  whigs  such  a  Mow  as  they  were  not  able 
to  recover  that  whole  reign.  My  friend  afterwards  attacked  popeiy 
with  the  same  success,  having  exposed  liellarmine  and  Porto-Car- 
rero  more  than  once,  in  short  satirical  compositions  which  have 
been  in  every  body's  mouth.  .  .  .  Many  an  honest  gentleman  has 
got  a  reputation  in  his  country,  by  pretending  tohave  been  in  com- 
pany with  Tom  D'Urfey." — Addison:  Guardian,  No.  67,  May  28, 
1713. 

Durham,  James,  1622  ?-1658.  a  captain  in  the  army, 
was  ordained  a  minit-ter  at  Glasgow,  1647  j  Prof,  of  Di- 
vinity there,  1650.     Test,  to  the  Oh.  of  Scot.,  1659,  Svo; 
Edin.,  1680,  12mo.     Expos,  of  Job,  Glasg.,  1659,   12mo. 
Revelation,Amst.,1660;  Edin.,  16S0,4to;  Glasg.,  1788,4to. 
"He  shortly  interprets  the  text,  endeavours  to  point  out  the 
application  of  the  distinct  prophecies,  and  supports  his  views  by 
historical  references.     He  also  occasionally  indulges  in  conjecture 
respecting  the  future." — fJrme's  Bibl.  Bib. 
"Very  spiritual  and  evangelical." — Bickersteth. 
7th  ed.,  Glasg.,  1769,  Svo.     62  Sermons  on  Isaiah  liii., 
Edin.,  16S3,  4to ;  1723,  fol.     Clavis  Cantiei;  or  an  Expos, 
of  the  Song  of  Solomon,  Lon.,  1669,  4to;  Edin.,  1724,  4to; 
Aberd.,  1S40,  Svo. 

"  A  tavourite  work  with  those  persons  who  enter  fully  into  the 
mystical  design  of  the  sacred  writer,  and  approve  of  its  entire  ap- 
plication to  Christ  and  the  church.'' — Orme;  ubi  supra. 

Expos,  of  the  Ten  Commandments,  Lon.,  1675,  4to. 
The  Unsearchable  Riches  of  Christ,  Glasg.,  16S5,  12mo. 
Heaven  upon  Earth,  Edin.,  16S5,  12mo. 

"The  expository  works  of  Durham  are  highly  respectable,  not 
for  their  display  of  learning  or  critical  knowledge,  but  for  their 
good  sense.  euHj^htened  piety,  and  practical  acquaintance  with  the 
Scriptures." — Orme:  ubi  supra. 

Durham,  James.  7  Serms.  on  Rev.  xiv.  13,  with  a 
vindication  of  W.  Guthrie,  Lon.,  1682,  12mo. 

Dtirliam,  James  George.  Christy  the  Friend  of 
Man,  Lon.,  1803.  Svo.  The  Providence  of  God,  1S04,  Svo. 
Durham,  Simeon  of.  See  Simeon. 
Durham,  >Vm.,  1611-1686,  a  native  of  Gloucester- 
shire, Rector  of  St.  Mildred's,  London,  &c.  Family  In- 
struction. Life  of  Dr.  Harris,  Prost.  of  Trin.  Coll.,  Oxf., 
1660.  12mo.  Sermons  on  1  Cor.  xvi.  13,  Lon.,  1671,  4to; 
on  Hebrews  xiii.  16,  1679.  4to. 

Durivage,  Francis  Alexander,  b.  at  Boston,  1814. 
1.  Cyclopedia  of  History.  Svo,  pp.  7S0.  2.  Stray  Subjects, 
Phila.,  12mo.  3.  Life  Scenes,  Boston,  12mo.  4.  Trans- 
lated, in  connection  with  W.  S.  Chase,  Lamartine's  History 
of  the  Revolution  of  1848.  Mr.  D.  is  the  author  of  several 
Plays  and  Poems,  and  has  contributed  largely  to  the  pe- 
riodical literature  of  the  U.  S. 

Durnford,  Charles,  and  E.  H.  £ast»  Reports  in 
Ct.  of  K.  B.,  17S5-1SU0,  Lon.,  1787-1800,  8  vols,  fob; 
1794-1802,  8  vols.  Svo.  New  ed.  {5th)  with  references, 
1817,  8  V(ds.  Svo.  3d  Amer,  ed.,  N.  York,  1S34,  S  vols,  iu 
4,  Svo.  Durnford  and  East  commenced  the  practice  of 
periodical  reports. 

*■  These  gentlemen  have  acquired  a  great  share  of  approbation 
and  the  reputation  of  j;reat  attention." — Bridg.  Leg.  Bib..  105. 

No  English  Reports  are  more  frequently  cited  in  Ame- 
rican courts  than  those  of  Durnford  and  East. 
Durnford,  W.     Trafalgar:  a  Poem,  1807. 
Durslon,  Wm.,  M.D.      Med.  con,  to  Phil.  Trans., 
1669.  '70. 
Dury,  Alex.     Be  Terrae  Motu,  Genev.,  1721,  4to. 
Dury,  John,  a  Scotchman  and  a  Jesuit.     Confutatio 
Responsiunis  G.  Whitakeri,  &c.,  Paris,  1582,  Svo. 

Dury,  John,  a  Scotch  divine,  who  laboured  to  unite 
the  Lutherans  and  the  Calviuists,  and  subsequently  to  pro- 
mote a  union  between  all  Christians.  Among  his  works 
are  Consultatio  theologico  super  ucgocio  Pacis  Ecclesiast,, 
Lon.,  1641,  4to.  A  Model  of  Ch.  Government,  1647,  -Ito. 
Earnest  plea  for  Gospel  Communion,  1664.     Summary 


DUS 


DWI 


Platfonn  of  Divinity.  1654.     See  a  list  of  others  in  Watt's  I  George  L.  Duyckinck   also  an  accomplished  scholar  are 


Bibl.  Brit,  The  piety,  zeal,  and  excellent  design  of  Dury 
entitle  his  memory  to  great  respect.  See  Tanner:  Mosheim; 
Benzelius's  Slietch  of  Pury.  Helmstadt,  1744;  Burnefs 
Life  of  Bedell;  Ward's  Gresham  Professors. 

Dusautoy,  Frederick.  20  Serms.  suitable  to  the 
times,  on  the  first  part  of  the  Book  of  Common  Prayer, 
Lon.,  1S45,  12mo. 

Dusautoy,  J.  A.     Reckoner,  1805,  8to. 

Uutens,  Lewis,  1729-1812,  a  native  of  Tours,  in 
France,  took  orders  in  the  Church  of  England,  and  became 


the  authors  iif  the  Cyclopedia  of  American  Literature, 
embracing  Personal  and  Critical  Notices  of  Authors,  and 
Selections  from  their  Writings,  from  the  Earliest  Period  to 
the  Present  Day,  with  portraits,  autograph?,  and  other 
illustrations,  N.  York,  1856.  2  vols.  r.  8vo.  This  work  has 
been  highly  commended  by  Washington  Irving,  Edward 
Everett,  Wm.  H.  Prescott,  Hon.  George  Bancroft,  and 
other  eminent  scholars;  and  it  well  deserves  a  place  in 
every  American  library.  AVe  acknowledge  our  indebted- 
ness to  it  for  many  facts  in  regard  to  American   authors. 


Kector'of  Elsdon,  Northumberland,    Xmong  his  works    ?/•  Griswold  wrote  a  "Uicism  on  it  which  appeared  in 


are  the  following :  Recherches  sur  I'Origine  des  Decou- 
Tcrtcs,  A-c.  Paris,  1766,  2  vols.  8vo;  trans,  into  English, 
and  pub.  at  London,  1769,  Svo.  Memoires  d'un  Voyageur, 
,lte., i.e.  Memoirs  of  a  Traveller  now  in  Retirement ;  con- 
taining Historical,  Political,  and  Literary  Anecdotes  rela- 
tive to  Several  of  the  Principal  Personages  of  the  Age, 
Lon.,  1806,  3  vols.  Svo.  An  interesting  work.  Biblio- 
theque  Complete  et  Choisie  dans  toutes  Ics  Classes  et  dans 
la  plupart  des  Langues,  Lon.,  1812,  Svo.  See  a  notice  of 
these  and  other  works  of  Mr.  Dutens  in  Gent.  Mag.,  Ixxxii., 
Pt.  2.  197,  and  a  long  Memoir  of  him,  .afterwards  printed 
in  4to,  from  Mr.  Nichols,  in  same  vol.,  391. 

Dntfield,  James.     Moths,  ic.,  1748,  '49,  4to. 
Duthy,  John.     1.  Provisions.     2.  Corn,  1800,  '01. 
Button,  Francis.     South  Australia  and  its  Mines, 
Lon.,  1846,  Svo. 

"  The  best  bonk  whirh  has  yet  issued  from  the  press,  descriptive 
of  the  resources  of  this  thriving  colony."— ioii.  Minuig  J,mrniil, 

Dutton,  H.  F.  History  made  Easy,  1799-1809,  3 
vols.  12mo. 

Dutton,  Hely.  Obs.  on  Archer's  Statis.  Survey  of 
the  Co.  of  Dublin,  Dub!.,  1802,  Svo.  Statis.  and  Agricult. 
Surveys  of  the  Counties  of  Clare  and  Galway,  Dubl.,  1809 
and  1814,  Svo. 

'•The  condition  and  usa^ies  of  these  remote  and  benighted  parts 
of  Ireland  are  very  sensibly  delineated  by  the  author,  who  seems 
to  have  well  known  the  statistics  and  circumstances  which  required 
the  representiition."— Z>onaWstin"5  AgricuU.  Biog. 

Dutton,  Henry.  Connecticut  Digest,  N.  Haven,  1833, 
Svo.  The  arrangement  of  this  Digest  is  analytical  instead 
of  alphabetical,  viz. :  1st,  Rights  of  Persons;  2d. Of  Things; 
3d,  Of  Wrongs  and  their  Remedies;  4th,  Of  Chancery; 
6th,  Of  Crimes. 

Dutton,  John,  alias  Prince  Dutton.  Farewell  to 
Temple-Bar,  1694,  4to. 

Dutton,  M.  R.,  17S3-1S25,  of  N.  Haven,  Connecticut, 
pub.  a  Course  of  ^Mathematics. 

Dutton,  Matthew.  Abridgt.  of  Irish  Statutes,  Dubl., 
1718,  4to.  Office  of  Sherifi's,  Ac.  in  Ireland,  1709,  '21, 
Svo.  Law  of  Landlord  and  Tenants  in  do.,  1726,  2  vols. 
Svo;  of  Masters  and  Servants,  1723,  Svo;  of  a  Justice  of 
the  Peace,  1726;  by  Warren,  1727,  Svo. 

"  Like  all  the  other  books  of  this  author,  it  merits  little  praise." 
~Pref.  to  Sml/th's  Juslice,  6. 

Diitton,  Thomas,  Guy  Nott,  and  John  Glover. 

Warnings  of  the  Eternal  Spirit  to  the  City  of  Edinburgh 
in  Scotland,  Lon.,  1710,  Svo. 

Dutton,  Thomas.  Pizarro  in  Peru,  from  the  German 
of  Kotzebue.  Lon.,  1799,  Svo.  The  Literary  Census;  a 
Satirical  Poem,  1798.  Svo.  The  Wise  Man  of  the  East;  a 
Satirical  Poem.  ISOO.  Svo.  Dramatic  Censor,  or  Weekly 
Review,  Lon.,  1800,  '01,  4  vols.  Svo.  Geo.  III.,  1802,  Svo. 
Other  works. 

Duval.     Digest  of  the  Laws  of  Florida,  1S40. 

Duval,  Francis.  Reasons  for  refusing  to  continue  a 
member  of  the  Ch.  of  Rome,  and  for  joining  the  Ch.  of 
England;  addressed  to  his  children,  Lon..  1846,  12mo. 

Duval,  M.     Sup.  to  Smith's  Optics,  17S5,  4to. 

Du  Val,  3Iichael.     Rosa  Hispani-Anglica,  Ac,  4to. 

Duverger.     Works  on  French,  Lon.,  1784-1812. 

Duyckinck,  Evert  A.,  of  the  city  of  New  York,  has 
gained  considerable  reputation  as  a  critic  and  accomplished 
essayist.  He  was  the  first  editor  of  the  New  York  Literary 
World,  (pub.  1S47-53,)  and,  after  occupying  the  chair  for 
about  two  years,  resigned  his  post  to  Mr.  Charles  Fenno 
Hoffman.  In  about  a  year  after  this  change  Mr.  Duyckinck 
became  proprietor  and  again  editor  of  the  periodical.  He 
•was  assisted  in  his  labours  by  his  brother.  George  L. 
Duyckinck.  In  conjunction  with  his  friend  Cornelius 
Mathews,  Mr.  E.  A.  D.  edited  Arcturus.  a  Journal  of  Books 
and  Opinions.  This  periodical  was  continued  for  about 
two  years.  Mr.  D.  h<as  also  contributed  to  the  New  York 
Quarterly  Review,  (pub.  1837-42.)  the  Democratic  Review, 
the  Morning  News,  and  other  periodicals.  A  highly-com- 
plimentary notice  of  this  gentleman  will  be  found  in  E.  A. 
Poe's  Literati.     Mr.  E.  A.  Duyckinck  and  his  brother,  Mr. 


the  New  Y^ork  Herald.  Feb.  13.  1S56.  and  which  he  after- 
wards pub.  in  pamphlet  form.  Edited  Wit  and  Wisdom 
of  Sydney  Smith,  with  a  Memoir.  1856.  12mo. 

Duyckinck,  George  L.,  of  the  city  of  New  York, 
has  contributed  a  number  of  essays  and  reviews  to  the 
periodicals  of  the  day.  Life  of  George  Herbert,  N.Y..  1858. 
Dwarris,  F.  Juvenile  Essays  in  Verse.  1805.  A 
General  Treatise  on  the  Statutes,  their  rules  of  construc- 
tion, and  the  proper  Boundaries  of  Legislative  and  Judicial 
Interpretation,  Lon.,  1830,  '31,  2  vols.  Svo.  See  Lieber'a 
Hermeneutics.  Criminal  Justice  in  the  W.  Indies,  1827,  Svo. 
Dwisht,  Rev.  H.  G.  O.  Christianity  revived  in  the 
East.  N.^York.  12mo;  Lon.,  1850,  p.  Svo.  Memoir  of  Mrs. 
Elizabeth  0.  Dwight,  N.  I'ork,  12mo. 

Dwight,  Henry  C,  of  New  Haven.  Conn.,  d.  1832. 
Travels  in  the  North  of  Germany  in  the  years  1825,  '26, 
N.  York,  1826. 

"This  work  contains  many  valuable  details,  not  unmingled, 
however,  with  mistakes,  which  a  longer  residence,  a  closer  obser- 
vation, or  more  prepar.atory  study,  might  have  enabled  a  foreign 
tourist  to  avoid." — North  American  Jtevicw. 

Dwight,  Jolin  S.,  Translator,  in  conjunction  with 
others,  of  Select  Minor  Poems  from  the  German  of  Goethe 
and  Schiller,  with  Notes,  Boston,  12mo.  pp.  439.  being  vol. 
iii.  of  Ripley's  Specimens  of  Foreign  Standard  Literature, 
Boston.  14  vols.  12mo. 

••\Vith  a  proper  allowance  for  the  difficulties  of  the  task,  we 
may.  with  a  good  conscience,  congratulate  Mr.  Dwight  on  his  gene- 
ral success.  Many  of  the  translations  are  extremely  well  done." — 
George  Hancroft.  in  N,  Amn;  ii'cc,  xlviii.  506. 

Dwight,  M.  A.  Grecian  and  Roman  Mythology, 
with  Prelace  by  Prof.  Tayler  Lewis,  N.  York,  1849,  12mo, 
and  some  on  large  paper,  Svo. 

"  Admirably  adapted  to  make  the  subject  intelli'-'ible  and  attract- 
ive to  teachers  and  pupils  in  cltissical  schools,  aud  in  the  higher 
English  semin^uies."— Prop.  W.  S.  Tvlir,  of  Amherst  folkge. 

Dwight,  N.  Lives  of  the  Signers  of  the  Declaration 
of  Independence.  N.  York.  12mo. 

Dwight,  Samuel.  De  Vomitione,  Ac,  Lon.,  1722, 
Svo.  De  Hydropibus,  1725,  Svo.  De  Febribus,  1731,  Svo. 
Dwight,  Sereno  O.,  D.D.,  1786-1S50,  a  native 
of  Greenfield,  Connecticut,  was  a  son  of  Dr.  Timothy 
Dwight,  President  of  Yale  College.  In  1803  he  graduated 
at  Yale  College,  where  he  was  for  some  time  a  tutor.  He 
subsequently  studied  law,  which  he  resigned  for  divinity. 
His  best-known  publications  are  a  life  of  his  great-grand- 
father, Jonathan  Edwards,  and  an  edition  of  his  works, 
1830,  10  vols.  Svo;  and  the  Hebrew  Wife,  (.an  Illustration 
of  the  Jewish  Laws  of  Marriage,)  pub.  iu  1S36.  See  In- 
ternational Mag.,  N.  York,  1850,  ii.  195.  A  voL  of  Dr. 
Dwight's  Select  Discourses,  with  a  Memoir  of  his  Life,  by 
W.  T.  Dwight,  D.D..  has  been  pub.  since  his  decease. 

Dwight,  Theodore.  Hist,  of  the  Hartford  Conven- 
tion, 1833,  Svo.  See  N.  American  Rev.,  xxxix.  208.  Mr. 
Dwight  was  secretary  of  the  Convention.  Character  of 
Thomas  Jefferson,  1839,  12mo.  Diet,  of  Roots  and  Deri- 
vations. Schoolmaster's  Friend.  The  Father's  Book, 
12mo.     The  Roman  Republic  of  1849,  12mo. 

Dwight,  Theodore,  Jr.  Hist,  of  Connecticut,  N. 
York,  1841,  ISmo.  Summer  Tour  in  Northern  and  Middle 
States. 

Dwight,  Timothy,  D.D.,  May  14,  1752-January  11, 
1817,  was  a  native  of  Northampton,  Massachusetts.  His 
father  was  a  merchant,  a  miin  of  exemplary  character  arid 
cultivated  mind,  who  had  been  so  fortunate  as  to  obtain  in 
marriage  the  hand  of  Mary,  the  third  daughter  of  the  cele- 
brated Jonathan  Edwards.  We  say  fortunate, — for  Mrs. 
Dwight  was  worthy  of  her  illustrious  parentage,  and  under 
her  assiduous  care  the  young  Timothy  had  more  than  the 
mere  name  to  remind  him  of  his  scriptural  namesake. 
When  13  years  of  age  he  entered  Yale  College,  and  in 
1769  graduated  with  distinguished  honours.  His  varied 
acquirements  eminently  qualified  him  for  the  ofl&ce  of  tutor 
in  his  alma  mater;  and  when  he  resigned  this  post  at  the 
age  of  25,  the  students  almost  to  a  man  signed  a  petition 
to  the  corporation  that  he  should  be  called  to  the  presi- 
dential chair.     The  presentation  of  this  request  was  only 

635 


DWI 

prevented  by  the  interference  of  the  object  of  such  flatter- 
ing regard. 

When  about  19,  Dwight  commenced  the  composition  of 
his  principal  poem,  an  epic  in  eleven  books,  entitled  The 
Conquest  of  Canaan;  completed  in  1774,  when  the  author 
was  not  quite  23  years  of  age. 

*■  \^  e  are  inclined  to  think  there  is  somethinj!:  too  unpoetical  In 
the  author's  adapt,ition  of  manners  to  the  pt- rsons  of  his  poem. 
He  h.as  studied  (to  use  his  own  words)  'a  medium  between  abso- 
lute barbarism  and  modern  refinement.  In  the  best  characters, 
he  has  endeavoured  to  represent  such  manners  as  are  removed 
from  the  peculiarities  of  .tny  age  or  country,  and  might  belong  to 
the  ambiblti  and  virtuous  of  every  ape.'  .  .  .  Corresponding  with 
the  laws  which  the  author  presciibed  to  himself  in  his  Conquest 
of  Canaan,  he  made  e^ery  thing  too  common.  There  is  little'that 
is  really  distinctive,  little  that  is  truly  orient.il,  about  any  of  his 
persons  or  scenes.  A  certain  equable  current  of  unexceptionable, 
and  oftentimes  pleasing,  thoughts  and  expressions  flows  through 
the  poem.  It  is  occasionally  animated,  and.  in  description,  some- 
times picturesque  and  poetical.  The  versification,  though  greatly 
monotonous,  having  little  variety  in  the  pau.ses.  is  for  the  most 
part  uncommonly  smooth.  In  the  expression  of  strong  emotion, 
there  is  avoidance  of  all  offensive  extravagance,  if  it  do  not  reach 
the  genuine  ardour  or  pathos  of  the  highest  order  of  poetry. 
Having  said  thus  much,  we  fear  we  have  said  all  that  is  due  to  tli'is 
poetical  work:  nor  do  we  say  this  to  deduct  anv  thing  from  the 
high  and  well-deserved  reputation  of  President  Bwigbt.  It  is  but 
the  lot  of  a  single  man  to  excel  in  every  thing;  and  it  is  often  our 
misfortune  to  make  a  false  estimate  of  our  own  powers,  and  to 
stake  too  much  of  our  intellectual  wealth  on  the  race  in  which  we 
are  unable  to  reach  the  goal."— S.  Willard.  N.  Ame.r.  Rn\,-f\\.  347. 

"  Some  of  the  passages  which  I  have  c[uoted  from  the  Conquest 
of  Canaan  are  doubtless  equal  to  any  American  poetry  produced 
at  this  period."— G^-!SK)(j/(f. I  Pf^s  and  Padi-y  of  America,  to  which 
we  acknowledge  our  obligations  for  many  of  the  facts  narrated  in 
this  article. 

_  In  1777  Dwight  was  licensed  to  preach  in  the  Congrega- 
tJonnl  Church,  and  in  the  same  year  entered  the  army  as  a 
chaplain;  resigned  his  commission  in  177S  ;  became  pastor 
of  the  Congrcg.ational  Church  in  Greenfield,  Conn.,  1783; 
President  of  Yale  College  from  1795  until  his  death  in 
1817.  Besides  acting  as  President,  Dr.  Dwight  discharged 
the  responsibilities  appertaining  to  the  posts  of  stated 
preacher,  professor  of  theology,  and  instructor  of  the  Se- 
nior Class.     The  following  is  a  list  of  his  works: 

1.  America,  a  Poem  in  the  style  of  Pope's  Windsor  Fo- 
rest, 1772.  2.  The  History,  Eloquence,  aud  Poetry  of  the 
Bible,  1772.  3.  The  Conquest  of  Canaan,  an  Epic  Poem, 
1785.  4.  An  Election  .Sermon,  1791.  5.  The  Genuineness 
and  Authenticity  of  the  New  Testament,  1793.  6.  Green- 
field Hill  a  Poem.  1794.  7.  The  Triumph  of  Infidelity,  a 
Satire,  1797.  8.  Two  Discourses  on  the  Nature  and  Dan- 
ger of  Infidel  Philosophy,  1797.  9.  Serm.  on  the  death  of 
Ehza  Goodrich,  1797.  10.  The  Duty  of  Americans  in  the 
Present  Crisis,  1798.  11.  Discourse"  on  the  Character  of 
Washington,  ISOO.  12.  Discourse  on  some  Events  in  the 
last  Century,  1801.  13.  Serm.  on  the  death  of  E.  G.  Marsh, 
1804.  14.  Sermon  on  Duelling,  1805.  15.  Sermon  at  the 
Andover  Theolog.  Seminary,  1808.  16.  Serm.  on  the  ordi- 
nation of  E.  Pearson,  1808.  17.  Sermon  on  the  death  of 
Governor  Trumbull,  1809.     IS.  Sermon  on  Ch.arity.  181 0. 

19.  Sermon   at   the   ordination   of  N.  W.  Taylor,   1812. 

20.  Serm.  on  two  days  of  Public  Fasting,  1812. '  2l!  Serm! 
before  the  Araer.  Ed.  of  I^oreign  Missions,  1S13.  22.  Re- 
marks on  a  Review  of  Inchiquin's  Letters,  pub.  in  Lon. 
Qu.ar.  Rev.  for  Jan.,  1814,  addressed  to  the  R.  H.  George 
Canning,  Esq.,  l)y  an  Inhabitant  of  New  Engbuid,  18l'5. 
23.  Oijservations  on  Language,  1816.  24.  Essay  on  Light, 
1816.  25.  Theology  Explained  and  Defended.'in  a  Series 
of  173  Sermons.  Middletown,  Conn.,  1818,  Ac,  5  vols.  Svo; 
Lon.,  1S19,  Svols.  8vo;  1822,  5  vols.  8vo;  1823,  5  vols.  Svo  ; 
1824,  5vols.  ISmo;  1827,  5  vols.  18mo ;  1828,  6  vols.  24mo; 
1840,  5  vols.  18mo;  6  vols.  Svo;  1  vol.  imp.  Svo.  New 
Amer.  edit.,  with  Memoir  of  the  Author,  N.  York,  1S46,  4 
vols.  Svo.  26.  Semis.,  Edin.,  1828,  2  vols.  Svo.  27.  Travels 
in  New  England  and  New  York,  New  Haven,  1821,  4  vols. 
Svo;  N.  York,  1822.  4  vols.  Svo;  Lon.,  1823,  4  vols.  Svo. 

These  notes  of  travels  are  the  results  of  historical,  topo- 
graphical, and  statistical  collections  made  during  trips  in 
the  summer  vacations. 

"The  work  before  us,  though  the  humblest  in  its  pretences,  is 
the  most  importantof  his  writings.and  will  derive addilinnal  value 
from  time,  whatever  m.ay  become  of  bis  poetry  and  of  his  sermons. 
...  A  wish  to  gratify  those  who.  a  hundred  years  hence,  might 
feel  curiosity  concerning  his  native  country,  uiade  him  resolve  to 
prepare  a  faithful  description  of  its  existing  state.  Ho  made  notes 
therefore,  and  collected  on  the  spot.  .  .  .  The  remarks  upon  natu- 
ral history  are  those  of  an  ob.servant  and  sagacious  man  who  makes 
no  pretensions  to  science;  thev  are  more  interestin-',  therefore 
than  those  of  a  merely  scientiflc  traveller;  and,  indeed,  science  is 
not  less  indebted  to  such  observers,  than  history  to  the  faithful 
chroniclers  and  humljler  annalists  of  former  times."— Kobert  Sou- 
THEv.  in  Lim.  Quar,  Rev.,  xxx.  1. 

One  would  hardly  suppose,  from  the  disparaging  refer- 


DTC 

ence  which  Mr.  Southey  makes  to  Dr.  Dwight's  "  Sermons," 
that  his  "Theology"  was  even  at  that  time  (1823)  in  high 
estimation  with  the  best  judges ;  yet  such  was  the  case : 
nor  IS  there  much  danger  that  this  profound  and  compre- 

'  hensive  work  will  ever  lose  the  position  which  it  has  so 
justly  acquired : 

I  "Xo  production  of  the  transatlantic  press  has  met  with  so  fa- 
vourahe  a  reception  in  this  country,  and  experienced  so  extensive 

1  ?  cireid-ilion,  as  this  work  of  President  Dwight.  Kor  is  its  popu- 
larity likely  to  be  ephemeral.  It  bears  the  impress  of  a  most  p.' w- 
erful  mind,  and  will  pass  down  to  posterity,  both  in  the  Old  and 
r»ew  «  orld.  as  the  work  of  one  of  the  master-spirits  of  the  Chris- 
tian Church.'  -Ormt's  BM.  Bib. 

"  Few  books  have  been  more  cordially  received,  or  more  widely 
circulated,  than  this  work  of  Professor  Dwight.  The  doctrinal  sen- 
timents which  it  contains  are  those  of  moderate  Calvinism-  the 
arrangement  is  distinct  and  methodical,  [Mr.  Orme  thinks  other- 
wise:] the  general  style  and  manner  chaste  and  neat,  well  adapted 
to  the  development  of  a  scheme  of  didactic  theology.  It  is  not 
a  work  of  extraordinary  depth  or  originality  of  thought;  but  is 
worth  reading,  and  is  very  useful  as  a  book  of  reference."— IP* 
hanis  s  Christian  Preacher. 

"  Dwight's  theology,  while  we  agree  not  in  its  statements  on 
church  government,  and  long  to  see  in  it  more  of  that  divine  unc- 
tion w-hlch  draws  the  heart  to  the  full  enjoyment  of  communion 
with  (jod  in  Christ,  is  still  the  work  of  a  powerful  and  intilli-ent 
mind,  holding  scriptural  views  of  divine  truth."— Acllcrite^/rs 
Christian  Student. 

The  reader  should  peruse  the  Life  of  Dr.  Dwight,  by  his 
son  Screno  0.  Dwight,  D.D.,  (see  the  name,)  the  biography 
by  Dr.  Sprague,  and  consult  Griswold's  Prose  Writers  of 
America,  and  Poets  and  Poetry  of  America,  for  specimens 
of  the  compositions  of  a  writer  whose  name  casts  no  feeble 
lustre  upon  the  literary  annals  of  America 

Dwyer,  P.  W.  The  Shield  of  G.  Brit,  and  Ireland: 
a  P.iem,  Lon.,  1803,  4to.  The  Soldier  of  Fortune;  a  Co- 
medy, Svo. 

Dyasoii,  Wm.  Poet,  and  Prose  Works,  1804,  7  vols. 
Uyce,  Rev.  Alexander,  b.  at  Edinburgh,  June  30, 
1797.  is  a  son  of  General  Dyce,  who  was  attached  to  the 
East  India  service.  He  w.as  educated  at  Edinburgh  and 
Oxford;  took  holy  orders,  and  served  as  curate  ,at  Lante- 
I  gh.s  in  Cornwall,  .and  Nayland  in  SufiFolk.  Inl827hemade 
London  his  permanent  residence.  In  this  year  he  pub. 
Specimens  of  British  Poetesses,  selected  and  chronologi- 
I  cally  arrangerl,  cr.  Svo.  The  Select  Tninslations  from 
Qumtus  Suiyrna>us  g.ave  the  world  an  opportunity  to  judge 
of  Mr.  Dyce's  classical  sehoLarship,  and  he  h.as  evinced  his 
critical  acumen  and  intimate  acquaintance  with  the  myste- 
I  ries  of  old  English  literature  by  his  editions  of  Greene, 
Webster,  Shirley,  Middleton,  Skelton,  Beaumont  and 
Fletcher,  Marlowe,  Peele,  Bentley,  Collins,  Shakspeare, 
Pope,  Akenside,  Bcattie,  Kemp's  Nine  Days'  Wonder,  the 
tragedies  of  Timon  and  Sir  Thomas  More,  "VVotton's  Poems, 
Porter's  Angrie  Women  of  Abington,  and  some  of  Dray- 
ton's Poems.  To  these  must  be  added  Specimens  of  Eng- 
lish Sonnets  from  the  Earl  of  Surrey  to  AVordsworth, 
Remarks  on  Collier's  aud  Knight's  editions  of  Shakspeare, 
A  Few  Notes  on  Shakspeare, — a  review  of  Mr.  Collier's 
newly-discovered  folio, — pub.  in  1S53,  and  his  new  .and 
complete  ed.  of  the  works  of  William  Shakspeare.  The 
text  revised.  With  account  of  the  Life,  Plays,  and  edi- 
tions of  Sh.akspeare,  Notes,  Ac,  6  vols,  demi  Svo.  Fine 
Portrait,  from  the  Stratford  Bust,    Completed,  185S. 

"  The  long  and  anxiously  expected  Labours  of  Mr.  Dyce  have  at 
bast  furnished — what  was  most  wanted— an  edition  of  the  great 
poet  presenting  the  most  perfect  text  now  to  be  obtained,  with 
brief  annotations,  siifticient  for  all  practical  purposes."— i>n.yf/;ifTi. 
".Mr.  Dyce  not  unfrequently  injures  the  real  value  of  liis  own 
knowledge  by  displaying  something  of  the  same  sneering  and 
self-satisfied  temper  with  which  Steevens  was  accnstomeil  to  .-issail 
his  brother  commentators."- A'jii:(7;i('s  Eng.  Cyc,  Dii:  Biog.,  vol.  ii. 
Mr.  Dyce  is  said  to  be  now  engaged  upon  a  translation 
of  Athen»us.  We  have  already  h,ad  occasion  to  refer  to 
some  of  the  labours  of  this  industrious  commentator,  and 
sh.all  have  other  opportunities  as  we  pass  under  review  the 
authors  whose  merits  he  has  illustr.atcd  and  whose  obscuri- 
ties he  has  explained.  As  to  the  erudition  aud  critical 
taste  of  Mr.  Dyce  in  the  department  of  literature  which 
he  has  selected,  we  presume  there  will  be  no  question,  save 
perhaps  on  the  part  of  that  rivalry  which  is  always  slow 
to  perceive  merit  in  dissent.  The  following  brief  testi- 
monies from  three  eminent  authorities  must  suffice  for  the 
present  article: 

"  Vie  hike  this  opportunity  of  expressing  our  very  high  opinion 
of  the  diligence,  skill,  and  judgment  of  the  Rev.  Alexander  Dyce, 
whose  editions  of  Peele.  Greene,  and  Webster,  leave  little  to  desire, 
and  still  less  tn  improve." — Ijon.  Qitar.  lini. 

"  We  think  that  no  materials  ever  laid  before  the  public  are  so 

well  calculated  to  advance  the  intelligent  study  of  our  immortal 

poet  (8bakspeare]  as  Mr- Dyres  unpretending  aude.xcellent  editions 

of  Peele  .ind  tireene." — £/lin.  Rev. 

"  The  acknowledged  reputation  of  Mr.  Dyce  as  a  reformer  of  cof 


DYC 


DYM 


mpt  texts  is  too  widely  extended  to  he  increaped  by  our  eulogy. 
Suffice  it  then  to  sUito  that  he  has  spared  nt-itber  industry  nor 
pains  to  produce  a  perfect  copy  of  these  immortal  dramas,  [Flays 
of  Beaumont  and  Fletcher."] — Lmi.  Literary  Gazette. 

The  same  excellent  periodical  thus  compliments  Mr. 
Djce'slatepublication — A  Few  Notes  on  Shakspeare,  1S53: 

'•  Mr.  Dyce  s  Notns  are  peculiarly  deli^'htful,  from  the  stores  of 
illustration  with  which  his  extensive  readinir,  not  only  amonj^  our 
writers,  but  amnng  those  ot  othercuuntries.especially  of  the  Italian 
poets,  has  enabled  him  to  enrich  them.  AH  that  he  has  recorded 
is  valuable.  We  read  his  littla  volume  with  pleasure  and  close  it 
with  rei'ret." 

Dyche,  Thomas.     Educational  Works,  1710,  &c. 

Dycknian,  Jacob,  M.D.,  17SS-1822,  a  native  of 
Tonkers,  West  Chester  co.,  N.  York,  practised  medicine  in 
the  city  of  N.  York.  Pathology  of  Human  Fluids.  Dun- 
can's Dispensatory,  ISIS.  Adipocire;  Trans.  N.  Y.  Ly- 
ceum. He  contemplated  writing  a  work  on  the  Vegetable 
Materia  Medica  of  the  U.  States,  and  had  made  collections 
for  this  purpose. 

Dyde,  W.  Hist,  and  Antiq.  of  Tewkesbury,  Tewk., 
1790,  Svo;   2d  ed..  with  addits.,  1798,  Svo. 

Dyer,  SirEdward,b.  about  1540?  d.  a  few  years  after 
the  accession  of  James  I.,  was  employed  in  several  foreign 
embassies  by  Elizabeth.  He  was  educated  at  Oxford, 
studied  chemistry,  associated  with  Dr.  Dee  and  Edward 
Kelly,  and  was  thought  to  be  a  Rusicrucian.  He  wrote 
pastoral  odes  and  madrigals,  some  of  which  will  be  found 
in  England's  Helicon,  repub,  in  the  Brit.  Bibliographer. 
A  number  of  his  compositions  are  still  in  MS.  See  Athen. 
Oxon.;  Brydges's  Phillips's  Theatrum  Poetarum ;  Brit. 
Bibliog. ;  Ellis's  Specimens;    Gent.  Mag.,  1S13,  p.  525. 

Dyer,  George,  of  Clifford's  Inn,  1755-1S41.  An  En- 
quiry into  the  Nature  of  Subscription  to  the  39  Articles, 
1790,  Svo;  enlarged  1792;  against  subscription.  Poems, 
1792,  4to.  Poems  and  Critical  Essays  on  Poetry,  1802,  2 
vols.  Svo.  Poetics,  1812,  2  vols.  Svo.  Four  Letters  on  the 
Eng.  Constitution,  1813,  8vo.  History  of  the  University 
and  Colleges  of  Cambridge,  including  notices  relating  to 
the  Founders  and  Eminent  Men,  1814.  2  vols.  Svo.  The 
Privileges  of  the  University  of  Cambridge,  together  with 
additional  observations  on  its  History,  Antiquities,  Litera- 
ture, and  Biography,  1824,  2  vols.  Svo.  Other  works.  He 
contributed  the  original  portions  (save  the  preface)  to  Val- 
py's  Classics,  141  vols.  On  this  work  he  was  engaged  from 
1819  to  1830.  He  edited  two  plays  of  Euripides  and  the 
Greek  Testament.  Charles  Lamb  says  of  Dyer,  besides  a 
notice  which  we  do  not  care  to  repeat,  of  two  vols,  of  his 
poems,  pub.  in  1S02: 

"D.  is  delij;htful  everywhere,  but  he  is  best  in  such  places  as 
these.  .  .  .  When  he  goes  about  with  you  to  show  you  the  Halls 
and  Colleges,  you  think  you  bare  got  with  you  the  interpreter  of 
the  House  Beautiful." — Ella.. 

Dyer,  George,  of  Exeter.  Restoration  of  the  ancient 
Modes  of  bestowing  Names  on  the  Rivers,  Hills,  Ac,  Exe- 
ter. 1S05,  Svo. 

Dyer,  Dier,  or  Deyer,  Sir  James,  1511-1582,  an 
eminent  lawyer  of  the  Middle  Temple,  London,  Speaker 
of  the  H.  of  Commons.  1552  ;  Chief  Justice  Common  Pleas, 
1559,  '60.  Reports  K.  B.,  C.  P..  Ex.  and  Ch.,  4  Hen.  VIIL- 
24  Eliz.,  (1513-1582.)  In  French,  Lon.,  15S5,  fol.,  1592, 
1601,  '02,  '06,  '09,  '21,  '72.  With  addits.  of  Lord  Treby's, 
1688,  fol.  In  English,  by  John  Vaillant,  with  addits,,  1794, 
3  vols.  Svo.  Abridgt.  in  English  by  Sir  Thomas  Ireland, 
1651,  Svo.  Abridgts.  in  French,  and  law  tracts.  His  Read- 
ing on  Wills  was  pub.  with  Brograve  on  Jointures,  and 
Risden  on  Forcible  Entries,  1648,  4to.  Dyer's  Reports 
have  been  highly  commended: 

'•Unto  the  painfull  and  diligent  student  they  will  both  now 
sufficiently  delight  to  read,  and  afford  pleutifull  store  of  matter 
worthie  his  travaile." — Lord  Coke. 

"  Some  humours  do  more  tancy  Plowden  for  his  fulness  of  argu- 
ment and  plain  kind  of  protif;  others  do  more  like  Dyer  for  his 
strictness  and  brevity." — Fulbeck^s  Directions. 

Dyer,  Rev,  John,  1700-1758,  son  of  Robert  Dyer,  a 
Welsh  solicitor,  was  educated  at  Westminster  School  He 
was  for  a  short  time  employed  in  the  study  of  the  law,  but 
abandoned  it  for  the  life  of  an  itinerant  artist.  He  subse- 
quently took  holy  orders,  and  had  conferred  on  him  the 
livings  of  Calthorpe,  Coningsby,  Bedford,  and  Kirkby. 
Grongar  Hill;  a  Poem,  1727. 

"Grongar  Hill  is  the  happiest  of  his  productions:  it  is  not,  in- 
deed, very  accurately  written :  but  the  scenes  which  it  displays  are 
60  pleasing,  the  images  which  they  raise  are  so  welcome  to  the 
mind,  and  the  reflections  of  the  writer  so  consonant  to  the  general 
sense  or  experience  of  mankind,  that  when  it  is  once  read,  it  will 
be  read  again. ' — Dr.  Jounson  :  Lifn  of  Dyer. 

The  Ruins  of  Rome,  a  Poem  in  Blank  Verse,  Lon.,  1740, 
4to.  This  was  elicited  by  a  visit  to  Italy;  it  was  not  so 
much  admired  as  its  predecessor.  The  Fleece,  a  Poem  in 
four  books,  1757,  4to.     This  work  treats  of 

"The  care  of  sheep,  the  labom'S  of  the  loom." 


I      Dr.  Johnson  considers  the  subject  an  impracticahlo  one 
I  for  poetry: 

"The  woolcomber  and  the  poet  appear  to  me  such  discordant 
I  natures,  that  an  attempt  to  bring  them  together  is  to  coupU  the 
I  serpent  witli  thf  fowl,  .  .  .  Let  me,  however,  honestly  report  what- 
:  ever  may  counterbalance  this  weight  of  censure.     I  have  been  told 
that  Akenside.  who,  upon  a  poetical  question,  has  a  right  to  be 
j  heard,  said,  'That  he  would  regulate  his  opinion  of  the  reigning 
1  taste  by  the  fate  of  Dyer's  Fleece,  for,  if  that  were  ill  received,  he 
should  not  think  it  any  longer  reasonable  to  expect  fame  from  ex- 
cellence.' " — Ubi  supra. 

Dr.  Drake  considers  Johnson's  "  stern  critique"  as  unjust, 
and  devotes  several  pages  to  Dyer's  vindication : 

"But  for  the  harsh  censure  of  the  author  of  the  liambler,  the 
pages  of  Dyer  would  now.  perhaps,  have  been  familiar  to  every 
lover  and  judge  of  nervous  and  highly  finished  description.  .  .  . 
To  refute  his  strictures  upon  Dyer  can  prove  a  task  of  no  very 
formidable  kind,  and  may  restore  to  due  rank  a  poem  which  con- 
tains a  vast  variety  of  landscapes,  drawn  and  coloured  in  the  most 
spirited  and  fascinating  style."  See  Drake's  Literary  Hours,  i.  IGO, 
et  seq. ;  ii.  35. 

A  collective  edit,  of  Dyer's  works  was  pub.  in  1761,  Svo. 
Dyer,  Richard*     A  Bleeding  Saviour;  on  I  Cor.  v. 
7,  Lou.,  167fi,  Svo. 

Dyer,  Samuel,  1725?-1772,  a  man  of  considerable 

learning,  revised  in  1758  the  English  edit,  of  Plutarch's 

Lives.     In  this  he  trans,  anew  the  lives  of  Demetrius  and 

I  Pericles.     Malone  asserts  him  to  have  been  the  author  of 

!  the  Letters  of  Junius,  but  offers  no  proof  to  support  thia 

!  assumption. 

Dyer,  Thomas  H.  Lifeof  John  Calvin,  and  extracts 
from  his  Correspondence,  Lon.,  1849,  p.  Svo. 

*'  A  careful,  painstaking,  and  elaborate  book,  grounded  upon  ori- 
ginal documents,  fspeci:illy  Calvin's  epistles,  and  the  various  bio- 
graphies of  him  that  have  appeared  from  the  time  of  Beza  to  the 
three  contemporary  German  volumes  of  Dr.  Henry." — Lon.  Athe- 
nceum. 

Dyer,  Wm.,  d,  1G96,  aged  60,  a  Nonconformist  divine, 
was  ejected  in  1602.  Late  in  life  he  became  a  Quaker. 
Serms.,  &c.,  If:i63,  '66,  '83.  Dyer's  style  has  been  thought 
to  resemble  Bunyan's. 
Dygbey,  or  Dygbeius.  See  Digbt. 
Dyke,  Daniel,  d.  about  1614,  a  Puritan  divine  of  great 
learning  nnd  piety,  educated  at  Cambridge,  was  minister 
of  Coggeshall,  Essex,  and  at  one  time  settled  at  St.  Alban's. 
He  was  suspended  in  158S.  Self- Deceiving,  Lon.,  1614, 
4to.     Repentance,  1631,  4to. 

"These  treatises  are  very  searching.  His  doctrine  falls  as  the 
small  rain  upon  the  tendei'  herb,  and  as  the  showers  upon  the  grass. 
His  works  are  well  written  for  the  times." — WiUiams's  Oiristian 
Prmchtr. 

Six  Evangelical  Histories,  1617,  4to.  Philemon,  1618, 
4to.  Christ's  Temptation,  1631,  4to.  "Works,  (6th  edit,  of 
some  of  them.)  pub.  by  Jeremiah  Dyke,  1635,  4to. 

Bishop  Wilkins  considers  Dyke's  sermons  as  among  the 
best  of  his  time. 

"The  writings  of  Dyke  have  a  singvdar  flavour  and  vigour  in 
them." — Mather's  S/vdeiit. 

Dyke,  Jeremiah,  d.  1620.  brother  of  the  preceding, 
and  also  a  Puritan  divine,  was  Minister  of  Epping,  Sussex, 
in  1609.  Sermons  and  theolog.  treatises,  Lon.,  1619-40, 
Worthy  Communicant,  1642,  Svo. 

Dyke,  T.  Webb.     Verses,  &c.,  1811,  Svo. 

Dykes.  The  Iloyal  Marriage  j  King  Lemuel's  Lesson, 
Lon.,  1722,  Svo. 

Dykes,  Oswald.  Moral  Reflections  upon  Select 
English  Proverbs,  Lon.,  1708,  Svo.     Discourses,  1722,  Svo. 

Dylliugham,  Francis.     Serm.,  Camb.,  1605,  12nio. 

Dymock,  John.  Editions  of  Csesar,  Sallust,  Ac,  for 
schoolsj  Kuddiman's  Latin  Rudiments,  Glasg.,  1812,  '19, 
&c. 

"Mr.  Dymock  is,  by  his  publications,  proving  himself  a  great 
friend  to  the  rising  generation;  and  they  well  deserve  the  popu- 
larity and  public  favour  they  have  received." — Lou.  Lit.  Gazftte. 

Dymoud,  Jonathan,  1796-1828,  a  native  of  E.^eter, 
England,  was  a  memlier  of  the  Society  of  Friends,  and  a 
linen-draper.  In  1823  he  pub.  an  Inquiry  into  the  Accord- 
ancy  of  War  with  the  Principles  of  Christianity.  This 
work  did  much  to  promote  that  earnest  advocacy  of  Peace 
between  nations  which  in  our  day  has  so  startled  and 
amazed  the  diplomatists  of  the  Old  School.  Dymond  had 
been  deeply  persuaded  of  the  great  influence  fur  good 
which  could  be  effected  by  a  comprehensive  exhibition  of 
the  true  principles  of  morality  as  based  upon  the  only  in- 
fallible standard,  the  Word  of  God.  To  a  preparation  of 
a  work  of  this  character  he  devoted  himself  with  great 
assiduity ;  rising  early  to  his  pleasing  task,  and  embracing 
every  interval  of  leisure  from  business  to  forward  his  phi- 
lanthropic design. 

In  May,  1828,  whilst  preparing  his  work  for  publication, 
he  died  of  a  consumption,  from  which  he  had  been  a  severe 
sufl'erer  since  the  spring  of  1S26.  His  Essay  on  the  Prin- 
ciples of  Morality,  and  on  the  Private  and  Political  Rights 

537 


DYM 

and  Obligations  of  Mankind,  was  pwb.  in  London,  in  1829, 
2  vols.  8vo.  The  5th  edit,  appeared  in  1.^52,  Lon.,  8vo. 
Several  edits,  have  been  circulated  in  America  also.  A 
long  review  of  this  work  by  Robert  Southey,  will  be  found 
in  the  London  Quarterly  Review,  xliv.  83-120.  Whilst  we 
do  not  pretend  to  endorse  all  of  Mr.  Dymnnd's  premises 
and  conclusions,  yet  we  must  record  our  conviction  that 
his  essay  is  one  of  the  most  valuable  works  in  the  lan- 
guage, and  should  be  carefully  studied  by  all  who  would 
desire  to  maintain  '*  a  conscience  void  of  offence  towards  God 
and  man." 

''  Whether  we  regard  the  soundness  of  his  reasonings,  the  tem- 
per, candour,  and  wis:dom  of  his  conclusions,  the  elegance  of  his 
style,  the  felicity  of  his  illustrations,  or  the  singularly  excellent 
spirit  which  pervades  the  whole,  it  is  entitled  to  rank  high  in  the 
highest  class  of  ethical  productions."— Professor  George  Bush  : 
JVf/.  to  Amer.  eilit. 

"  He  takes  the  word  of  God  as  his  infallible  standard  of  rectitude 
by  which  to  weiih  all  actions,  and  with  a  clear  head  and  an  honest 
conscience  he  follows  his  principles  wherever  they  lead,  knowing 
they  can  never  lead  wrong.  It  is  amusing  as  well  as  instructive 
to  see  with  what  ease  he  overthrows  all  the  previous  standards  of 
rectitude  which  varinus  men  had  set  up — as  utility,  expediency. 
&c.;  and  establishes  the  great  ceutml  truth,  that  the  will  of  God 
is  the  only  inlallible  standard  by  which  to  judge  concerning  the 


EAR 

right  or  wrong  of  actions."— Prof.  C.  D.  Cleveland:  English  Lit. 
of  the  \Wi  Century, 

Dyos,  Johu.  A  Sermon  preached  at  Paules  Crosse, 
the  I'Jth  of  Juli,  1579,  Lon.,  1599,  16mo. 

Dysart,  Earl  of.     Rational  Catechism,  Amst.,  1712. 

Dyson,  Humphrey.  A  Booke  containing  all  svch 
Proclamations  as  were  pvbUshed  dvring  the  Raigne  of  the 
late  Qveenc  Elizabeth,  Lon.,  161S,  fol. 

Dyson,  Jeremiah.  Election  for  Middlesex,  Lon., 
4to.  Epistle  to  Mr.  Warburton,  occasioned  by  his  treat- 
ment of  the  author  of  the  Pleasures  of  the  Imagination, 
Lon..  1744,  Svo ;  anon.  Dyson  was  the  generous  patron 
of  Akenside.     See  Akenside,  Mark,  M.D. 

Dyson,  Richard.  R,  The  Uistory  and  Antiquities 
of  the  Parish  of  Tottenham-higb-cross,  by  H.  G.  Oldfield 
and  Dyson.  Lon.,  1790.  Svo;  2d  ed.,  1792,  Svo. 

Dyson,  Theophilus^  Surgeon.  Med.  con.  to  Memoirs 
Med.,  1792,  1805. 

Dyve,  Sir  Lewis.  A  Letter  from  him,  giving  an  Ac- 
count of  his  Escape  out  of  the  Court  of  King's  Bench, 
1648,  4to.  Letter  to  the  Lord  Marquis  of  Newcastle,  giv- 
ing an  account  of  the  conduct  of  the  King's  Affairs  in  Ire- 
land from  1648  to  1650,  Hague,  1650,  4to. 


E. 


Eachard,  John,  D.D..  1636-1697,  a  natire  of  Suffolk, 
England,  admiltoil  at  Catherine  H.all.  Cambridge,  1653; 
Fellow,  165S;  Master,  1675.  The  Grounds  and  Occasions 
of  the  Contempt  of  the  Clergy  and  Religion  Inquired  into, 
Lon.,  1670,  Svo.  Observ.  upon  the  Answer  to  the  Inquiry, 
1671,  12mo.  Hobhes's  State  of  Nature  Considered  in  a 
Dialogue  between  Philautus  and  Timothy,  1672,  12mo. 
Some  Opinions  of  Ilobbes's  Considered  in  a  2d  Dialogue 
between  Philautus  and  Timothy,  1673.  12mo.  Noncon- 
forming Preachers,  1673,  12mo.  Works,  1705,  Svo  ;  171i, 
12mo.  With  a  Life  by  Thos.  Davies,  with  the  as.sistance  of 
Drs.  Johnson  and  Farmer,  1774,  3  vols.  12nio.  Eachard's 
Dialogues  exposing  the  absurdity  of  Ilobbes's  so-called 
philosophy,  made  even  that  conceited  dogmatist  sensitive  : 
"  I  was  in  company  with  Hobbes  when  he  swore  and  cursed,  and 
raved  like  a  madman  at  the  mention  of  Dr.  Kachard's  Timothy  and 
Philautus.  "—Da.  Hickes. 

Dr.  Warton  and  Mr.  Granger  remark  that  Swift  had  evi- 
dently studied  the  works  of  Eachard.  The  divine  was 
noted  for  his  success  in  ridicule,  but  on  subjects  of  a  serious 
character  did  not  appear  to  much  advantage.  Baker,  of 
St.  John's  College,  Cambridge,  was  greatly  disappointed 
"when  he  went  to  hear  him  preach,  and  Swift  tells  us 

"  I  have  known  men  happy  enough  at  ridicule,  who,  upon  grave 
subjects,  were  perfectly  stupid;  of  which  Dr.  Eachaid.  of  Cam- 
bridge, who  writ  The  Contempt  of  the  Clergy,  was  a  great  instance." 
Eachard,  John.     Serms.,  1645,  '46,  4to. 
Eachard.     See  Echard. 

Eades,  John.     Clear  and  Comprehensive  View  of  the 
Gospel  Ministry,  17S7,Svo.  Revised  by  J.  Hutton.  lS19,8vo. 
Eadie,  John.     Scripture  P.araphrases  in  Latin  Verse. 
Keign  of  Geo.  III.  and  other  Poems,  Glasg.,  1S18,  12mo. 

Eadie,  John,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  Prof,  of  Hcrmeneutics  and 
Evidences  to  the  United  Presbyterian  Church.  Biblical 
Cyclopedia,  6th  ed.,  Lon.  and  Glasg.,  1857,  p.  Svo. 

"We  give  it  our  most  cordial  and  unhesitating  recommenda- 
tion."— Ltyti.  Evangd.  Mag. 

Concord.ance  to  the  Scriptures,  12th  ed.,  1853.  Dictionary 
of  the  Bible  for  the  Young,  1849, 18mo;  4th  ed.,  1855,  sm. 
8vo.  Lectures  on  the  Bible  to  the  Young,  1848,  12mo  ;  2d 
ed.,  1852.  Earlv  Oriental  History,  1851,  p.  Svo.  Comment, 
on  the  Greek  Tc.xt  of  St.  Paul  to  the  Ephesians,  1853,  Svo. 
The  Divine  Love,  a  series  of  Doctrinal,  Practical,  and  E.x- 
perimental  Discourses,  1855,  12mo.  Prof  Eadie  is  one  of 
the  authors  of  Griffin's  Cyclopaedia  of  Biography,  edited 
by  Elihu  Rich,  Lon.  and  Glasg.,  1854,  p.  Svo. 

Eadmer,  d.  1 124  ?  the  friend  and  biographer  of  Ansclm, 
■was  elected  Bishop  of  St.  Andrew's  in  Scotland,  1120,  but 
was  never  consecrated.  His  principal  work  is  the  Historia 
Novorum,  or  History  of  his  Own  Times,  1066-1122.  It 
was  first  printed  by  Selden,  Lon.,  1623,  fol. 

A  Life  of  St.  Anselm,  1093-1109.  Often  printed  with 
Anselm's  works,  and  also  by  Wharton  in  the  Anglia  Sacra. 
The  Lives  of  St.  Wilfrid,  St.  Oswald,  St.  Duustan,  and 
others.  Also  in  the  Anglia  Sacra. 
Eadon,  John.  Arithniet.  works,  1793,  Ac. 
Eagle,  F.  K.,  .and  E.  Younge.  Cases  relating  to 
Tithes  from  the  Roign  of  K.  J"hn  to  the  6th  Geo.  IV., 
lion.,  1826,  4  vols.  r.  Svo.    An  invaluable  digest. 


Eagle,  Fra.  New  Theory  of  Pulmonary  Consump- 
tion. Lon..  1839,  Svo. 

Eagle,  P.  A.  Lifo-Assurance  Manual,  Lon.,  1852,  Svo. 
Eagle,  >Vm.     1.  Making  of  Wills.     2.  Case  of  Evans 
V.  Rowc,  1827.     3.  Law  of  Tithes,  1836,  2  vols.  r.  Svo.    4. 
Acts  for  Conimu.  of  Tithes  ;  3d  ed..  1843, 12mo.    5.  Magis- 
trate's Pocket  Companion ;  2d  cd..  1844,  12mo. 

Eagles,  Kev.  John.  1.  The  Sketcher,  Lon.,  1856, 
Svo.  2.  Essays.  1857.  Svo.  3.  Sonnets,  1658.  See  Lon. 
Athen.,  1858.  Pt.  2,  137. 

Eagles,  Thomas.  1.  Mountain  Melodies,  and  other 
Poems,  Lon.,  Svo.  2.  Rclvcdder,  Earon  Kolff,  and  other 
Poems,  Svo.  3.  Brendallah ;  a  Poem,  1838,  Svo. 
Ealred.  See  Ailred  op  Rievaox. 
Eames,  Mrs.  Elizabeth  J.,  formerly  Miss  Jesup,  a 
native  of  New  Y'ork,  has  contributed  m.any  excellent  po- 
etical compositions  to  the  New  Y'orker,  The  Tribune,  Gra- 
ham's Magazine,  and  The  Southern  Literary  Messenger. 
The  Crowning  of  Petrarch,  Cleopatra,  and  the  Sonnets  to 
Milton,  Dryden,  Addison,  and  Tasso  are  deserving  of  warm 
commendation. 

"  ■■^hi-  wiit.s  with  feeling:  but  she  regards  poetry  as  an  art,  and 
to  the  lullivation  of  it  she  brings  her  best  powers.  While  thoughtr 
ful  and  earnest,  therefore,  her  pieces  are  for  the  most  part  distiu- 
guisheJ  foia  taseteful  elegance."— GrisiooWs  Female  Potts  of  Amer. 
Eames,  Jane  A.,  of  Massachusetts,  is  favourably 
known  as  the  authoress  of  My  Mother's  Jewel,  Agnes  and 
Eliza,  and  other  religious  works  for  the  young,  pub.  by  the 
Prot,  Epis.  S.  S.  Union. 

Eames,  Johu,  d.  1744,  pub.  a  number  of  papers  on 
mathematics,  natural  philos.,  &c.  in  the  Phil.  Trans.,  1726- 
42.  In  conjunction  with  J.  Martyn  he  pub.  an  abridgt.  of 
the  Phil.  Trans.,  1719-1733,  in  1734,  2  vols.  4to. 

Earbery,  Matthias.  Deism,  1697,  Svo.  Power  of 
the  Prince,  1717,  Svo.  Hist,  of  the  Clemency  of  our  Eng- 
lish Monarchs,  1717,  Svo.  Vindication  of  ditto,  1720,  12mo. 
The  Pretended  Reformers,  1720,  Svo.  Earl  of  Notting- 
ham's Answer  to  Whiston,  Ac,  1721,  Svo.  The  Occasional 
Historian,  4  Nos.  in  1  vol.  Svo,  1730-32.  Earbery  under- 
went  much  persecution. 

Earl,  George  W.  Eastern  Seas;  or.  Voyages  and 
Adventures  in  the  Indian  Archipelago,  1832,  '33,  '34,  Lon., 
1837,  Svo. 

"  Mr.  Earl's  volume  contains  much  that  is  novel,  communicated 
in  an  unalTeoted  and  agreeable  manner."' — Lo7i.  Athcnteum. 

Enterprise  in  Tropical  Australia,  1846,  p.  Svo.  Native 
Races  of  Indi.anArchipelago— Papuans, (Ethnograph.Lib.,) 
Lon.,  1853,  Svo.  Trans,  of  D.  H.  Kolfi",  Jr.'a  Voyages  of 
the  Dutch  Brig  of  War  Dourga. 

Earle,  Augustus.  Residence  in  New  Zealand  in 
1827,  with  a  Journal  of  a  Residence  in  Tristan  d'Acunha, 

Lon..  p.  Svo.  .        .  ,        ..      ■ 

"  Mr.  Karle's  journal  gives  us  much  curious  miormation  in  a 
very  agreeable  manner.'" — Zo«.  Literary  Gazette. 

Earl,  Jabez,D.D.,  1676?-1768,  adissenting  mmister, 
pub.  a  number  of  serms.,  theolog.  treatises,  Ac,  1706-35. 
Treatise  on  the  Sacrament,  1707,  Svo.  Often  reprinted. 
New  ed.,  1816,  Svo.     His  style  is 

".ludicious,  pathetic,  and  very  laconic."— DR.  DonnnnjOE. 

A  small  collection  of  Poems  in  Latin  and  English. 


EAB 

Earle,  Sir  James,  Knt.,  Surgeon,  Chirurgical  Works 
of  Percival  Pntt.  with  a  Life.  Lon.,  1790,  3  vols.  8vo  ;  ISUS, 

3  vols.  Svo.  Hydrocele,  1791,  Svo ;  '.id  ed.,  1S05.  Opera- 
tiou  for  the  Stone.  1793,  '96,  Svo.  Curved  Spine,  1799,  Svo. 
Cataract,  1801,  Svo.  Fractures,  1807,  Svo.  Hiemorrhoidal 
Excre.scence?.  1807,  Svo.     Calculus;  see  Phil.  Trans.,  1809. 

Earle,  or  Earles,  John,  HiOl-IOfio,  entered  at  Mer- 
ton  Coll.,  Oxford,  1620,  became  cbaplaiu  and  tutor  to  Prince 
Charles,  and  accompanied  him  in  his  exile.  On  the  Resto- 
ration he  was  made  Dean  of  AVestminster,  consecrated 
Bishop  of  AVorcester  in  1662,  and  transferred  to  Salisbury 
in  1663.  Mierocosmograpbie:  or,  A  Pecce  of  the  World 
discovered  in  Es^ayes  and  Characters,  Lon.,  1628,  Svo;  6th 
ed.,  1630,  12mo;  I'oth  ed.,  Salisbury,  17S6.  New  ed.  (7S 
characters)  with  Notes  and  Appendix,  by  Philip  Bliss,  Lon., 
1811,  sm.  Svo.  This  ed.  contains  a  Catalogue  of  the  various 
Writers  of  Character  to  the  year  1700. 

'•Perhaps  the  most  valuable  collection  of  characters,  previous  to 
the  year  ITnii,  is  that  published  by  Bishop  Earle,  in  lt>2S,  uuder  the 
title  I  if  Mirrorawiiigraplti/,  aud  which  maybe  considered  as  a  pretty 
fiiitbful  di-liDe;ttiou  of  many  classes  of  characters  as  they  existed 
during  the  close  of  the  sixteenth,  and  commencement  of  the  seven- 
teenth, century." — iJrake's  ShaLspi:are  and  Jlis  Times. 

An  Elegy  upon  Francis  Beaumont,  by  Bishop  Earle,  will 
be  found  printed  at  the  end  of  Beaumont's  Poems,  16-tO. 
He  trans,  into  Latin  the  Eikon  Basilike,  (Hague,  1649.) 
and  Hooker's  Ecclesiastical  Polity;  the  last  was  destroyed 
by  the  carelessness  of  his  servants.  The  character  of 
Bishop  Earle  was  most  exemplary.  Warton  declares  that 
since  the  death  of  the  celebrated  Hooker,  none  have  lived 

■"  Whom  God  hath  blest  with  more  innocent  wisdom,  more  sanc- 
tified learnini;,  or  a  more  pious,  peaceable,  piimitive  temper." 

Bishop  Burnet  tells  us  that  Earle 

"  Was  the  man  of  all  the  clergy  for  whom  the  king  had  the 
greatest  esteem." 

Earle,  Rev.  John.  Remarks  on  the  Prefaces  to  the 
first  and  second  vols,  of  I>r.  Geddes's  Bible. 

£arle,  \Vm.,  Jr.     The  Welshmen ;  a  Romance.  1801, 

4  vols.  Welsh  Legends,  1801,  12mo.  Trifles;  in  Verse, 
1803,  12mo.     Obi ;  or,  Hist,  of  Three-fingered  Jack,  12mo. 

Earle,  >Vm.  Heusoii,  1740-1796,  reprinted  from  a 
scarce  pamphlet  an  exact  Relation  of  the  famous  Earth- 
quake and  Eruption  of  Mount  Etna,  1669,  to  which  he 
added  a  Letter  from  himself  to  Lord  Lyttelton,  Lon.,  1775, 
Svo.  Earle  was  a  munificent  benefactor  to  various  chari- 
ties in  Bristol,  Winchester,  and  Salisbury. 

Earlom,  Richard,  1742-1822,  an  eminent  engraver 
of  London.  Liber  Veritatis ;  or,  A  collection  of  Prints 
after  Claude  Lorraine,  with  descriptions,  Lon.,  1777-1804, 
3  vols,  fob  Baker's  sale,  257,  vols.  i.  and  ib,  and  Nos.  1 
and  2  of  vol.  iii.,  £55  138.  Fonthill,  2250.  3  vols.,  £91  7s. 
Portraits  of  Characters  illustrious  in  English  History,  by 
Rich.  Earlom  and  Turner,  1813,  4to. 

Earnest,  Robert.     Vaccination,  Lon.,  1S07,  Svo. 

Earnshaw,  C  The  Wreath;  Puet.  Gleanings,  1801, 
Svo. 

Earnshaw,  James.  Abstract  of  Penal  and  other 
Statutes  rel.  to  the  Customs,  Lon.,  1793-1807,  3  vols.  Svo. 

Earnshaw,  Thomas.  Time-keepers,  *tc.,  Lon.,  1806, 
'09.  Svo. 

Earnshaw,  Wm,,  M.D.  Profess.  Case,  Phil.  Trans,  iii. 

Earnshaw,  Wni,  Laws  rel.  to  Shipping,  Ac,  Lon., 
1818,  8vn.     l)in;cst  of  Acts  rel.  to  Shipping,  Ac,  1820,  Svo. 

Earsden,  John.     Ayres,  161S. 

Earnulph.     See  Ek.nulph. 

Eason,  Alex.,  M.D.     Med,  Com.,  1776. 

Eason,  Alex.,  Surgeon.     Med.  Com.,  ii.,  v.,  viii. 

Eason,  L.     Guide  to  Salvation,  Bruges,  1693,  Svo. 

East,  1).  J,  Western  Africa;  its  Condition,  and  Chris- 
tianity the  Means  of  its  Recovery,  Lon.,  1844,  12mo. 

'■The  analysis  of  your  book  embraces  almost  all  the  topics  re- 
lating to  Africa  worthy  of  notice:  and  if  they  are  well  handled,  as 
I  have  no  doubt  they  will  be.  will  form  a  very  valuable  and  useful 
work." — Thomas  Cfarlson  to  the  Autfior. 

"I  have  read  with  great  attention  the  analysis  of  your  forth- 
coming biiok,  with  which  I  am  much  pleased." — Sir  T.  F.  Buxton 
to  the.  Author. 

East,  Sir  Edward  Hyde.  King's  Bench  Reports, 
lSOO-12,  Lon..  1801-14,  16  vols.  Svo.  New  ed.  by  Thos. 
Day,  Phila.,  1817,  16  vols.  Svo.  With  Notes,  by  George  M. 
Wharton,  of  the  Phila.  Bar,  1845,  16  vols,  in  S,  Svo.  No- 
thing is  omitted  in  Mr.  Wharton's  ed.,  and  the  reader  has 
the  advantage  of  his  notes  as  well  as  those  of  Mr.  Day. 
The  price  of  the  last  ed.  is  but  $25.  Mr.  Day's  ed.  was 
pub.  at  $72.  The  value  of  East's  Reports  is  too  well  known 
to  render  comment  necessary.  See  Burnford,  C,  and 
East,  E.  H. 

Pleas  of  the  Crown;  or  a  General  Treatise  on  the  Prin- 
ciples and  Practice  of  Criminal  Law,  Lon.,  1S03,  2  vols. 


EAS 

Svo ;  Phila.,  1S06,  2  vols.  In  the  preparation  of  this  work 
the  compiler  expended  the  industry  of  fifteen  years. 

'•  He  has  presented  to  the  world  a  production  which  is  entitled 
to  the  praise  of  accuracy,  neatness,  and  conciseness;  a  classical 
performance  in  its  kind." — Lon.  MonVily  Jttvinv.  1.  420. 

See  Warren's  Law  Studies.  2d  ed.,  1845.  620. 

East,  John.  Serm..  1819,  Svo.  Sabbath  Meditations 
in  Prose  and  Verse,  182S,  2  vols.  Svo.  The  Happy  Moment, 
1S35,  ISmo.     Other  works. 

East,  Thomas.    Death-Bed  Scenes,  Lon.,  1S25, 12mo. 

'*  A  welcome  cnnipauion  on  the  bed  of  sickness  and  death.'" — 
Lou-nries's  Brit.  Lib. 

Other  works. 

Eastborn,  Rev.  James  M'allis,  d.  1819,  aged  22, 
an  American  poet,  a  native  of  New  York,  is  best  known  as 
a  colleague  of  Robert  C.  Sands  in  the  composition  of  Ya- 
moyden,  a  Tale  of  the  Wars  of  King  Philip,  pub.  at  New 
York  in  1820.  Some  interesting  particulars  concerning 
Mr.  Efistburn  will  be  found  in  Griswold's  Poets  and  Puetry 
of  America,  Uthed.,  1852.  p.  213,  article  Robert  C.  Sands. 

Eastbnrn,  Manton,  D.D.,  Bishop  of  the  Prot.  Epis. 
Church  of  Massachusetts,  was  born  in  England,  Feb.  9, 
1801.  He  was  consecrated  assistant  bishop  of  Mass.,  Dec. 
29,  1842,  and  in  1843,  by  the  decease  of  Rt.  Rev.  W.  Gris- 
wold,  became  bishop  of  that  diocese.  Lectures  on  the 
Epist.  of  St.  Paul  to  the  Philippians.  N.  York,  1S33,  8vo. 
Bp.  E.  has  pub.  a  number  of  sermons  and  charges,  edited 
Thornton's  Family  Prayers,  and  delivered  literary  lectures 
on  various  occasions. 

Eastcott,  Rev.  Richard.  Sketches  of  the  Origin, 
Progress,  and  Effects  of  Music.  Bath,  1793,  Svo. 

"An  entertaining  compilation  by  an  enthusiastic  admirer  of 
music." — Lowndes's  Brit.  Lib. 

Easterbrook,Jos.  Appeal  to  the  Public,  Bristol,  Svo. 

Eastlake,  Sir  Charles  Lock,  an  eminent  painter, 
b.  at  Plymouth,  Devonshire,  in  1793,  was  elected  President 
of  the  Royal  Academy  in  1850.  1.  Trnns.  of  Goethe's 
Theory  of  Colours,  Lon.,  1S40,  Svo.  2.  F.  Kugler's  Hand- 
Boukof  Painting,  trans,  by  a  Lady,  edited  by  SirCh.L.  E., 
2  parts,  r.  Svo,  1842,  '43;  2d  ed.,  1851,  2  vols.  p.  Svo. 

*'  By  fiir  the  best  manual  we  ai-e  acquainted  wiih." — Lon.  Eccle- 
siastic. 

3.  Materials  for  a  Hist  of  Oil  Painting,  1S47,  Svo. 

'*  From  the  invention  of  oil  painting  to  this  day.  Mr.  Eastlake's 
volume  carefully  examines  and  states  every  ascertainable  particu- 
lar, and  fairly  settles  questions  of  priority  and  mt;rit.' — Lou.  Lite- 
rary Giueite. 

4.  Contributions  to  the  Literature  of  the  Fine  Arts,  1S4S, 
Svo. 

"  There  cannot  be  a  doubt  that  a  knowledge  of  the  principles 
which  }iovern  any  branch  of  art  must  greatly  increase  the  power 
of  the  artist,  as  it  certainly  contributes  materially  to  the  pleasure 
derived  from  its  contemplation.  But  neither  English  painters  nor 
English  critics  are  overstocked  in  this  respect:  and  both  may  be 
glad  to  receive,  in  a  permanent  form,  such  additions  as  Mr,  East- 
lake  has  here  made  to  the  literature  of  the  tine  arts." — Lon.  Exam. 

Eastman,  Charles  G.,  an  American  poet,  who  haa 
been  connected  with  the  press  at  Burlington,  Woodstock, 
and  Montpelier,  Vermont,  pub.  a  collection  of  his  poems 
in  184S,  Montpelier,  ISmo.  He  has  been  highly  com- 
mended as  a  successful  delineator  of  the  "rural  life  of  New 
England." 

Eastman,  G.  W.,  and  Levi  S.  Fulton.  Works 
on  Book-keeping  and  Penmanships  pub.  in  New  York. 

Eastman,  Mrs.  j>Iary  H.,  is  a  daughter  of  Dr. 
Thomas  Henderson,  U.  S.  Army.  In  1835  she  was  mar- 
ried to  Capt,  S.  Eastman,  U.  S.  A. ;  and  as  a  companion  of 
her  husband  at  Fort  Snelling  and  other  frontier  stations, 
has  enjoyed  e.xcelltnt  opportunities  of  studying  the  Indian 
character,  which  she  has  so  graphically  depicted.  Mrs. 
Eastman  has  pub.  four  works  relating  to  the  Aborigines 
of  America — viz.  1.  Dahcotah,  or  Life  and  Legends  of  the 
Sioux,  N.  York,  1849,  12mo.  2.  Romance  of  Indian  Life, 
Phila.,  1852,  Svo.  Orig.  pub.  in  The  Iris  of  1852.  3.  Ame- 
rican Aboriginal  Portfolio,  illustrated  by  S.  Eastman,  U.  S. 
Army,  1S53,  4to.  4.  Chicora,  and  other  Regions  of  the 
Conquerors  and  Conquered,  1854,  sm.  4to. 

"Of  all  the  portraitures  of  Indian  life  and  character  that  have 
been  given  to  the  public,  none,  probably,  have  come  more  nearly 
to  the  truth  than  those  by  Mrs.  Eastman.  Her  books  are  among 
the  very  best  contributions  to  our  native  literature  that  have  lately 
appeared." — Prof.  Hart;  FamtU  Prose  Wi  iters  of  America,  q.  v. 

In  1852  Mrs.  Eastman  pub.  a  novel  entitled  Aunt  Phillis'a 
Cabin,  intended  as  a  response  to  Mrs.  Stowe's  Uncle  Tom's 
Cabin.  The  sale  of  the  former  work  reached  18.000  copies 
in  a  few  weeks.  She  has  also  contributed  to  Arthur's  Home 
Magazine  and  to  other  journals. 

Eastman,  Philip,  b.  1799,  at  Chatham,  New  Hamp- 
shire, grad.  at  Bowdoin  College,  1820.  As  commissioner 
under  a  resolution  of  the  legislature  of  Maine,  passed  Oct. 
22,  1840,  he  edited  the  revised  Statutes  of  that  State.     Ho 


EAS 


ECH 


also  prepsirefl  and  published  a  Di^st  of  the  Maine  Reports,  ' 
26  vols..  ISIO. 

£as1man,  Seth,  Capt.  in  U.  S.  Army,  grad.  at  West 

Point,  1829,  b.  at  Brunswick,  Maine,  illustrator  of  the  work 

pub.  by  Congress  entitled  History,  Condition,  and  Future 

Prospects  of  the  Indian  Tribes  of  the  U.  S.,  Ac.,  author  of  a 

Work  on  Topographical  Drawing,  Ac.     See  Eastman,  Mrs. 

£aslmeail,  VVm.     Human  Life,  Lon.,  1814,  12mo. 

Ea^stou,  James.  Human  Longevity,  Salisb.,lSOl),Svo. 

Easton,  M.  G.    Unitarianism:  its  History,  Doctrines, 

and  Tendencies,  Lon.,  1851,  12mo. 

Easton,  Thomas.     Fnul.  Serm.,  Lon.,  1692. 
£astwick,  Edward  B.,  an  emiueut  Oriental  scholar 
and  prufe^sur.     1.  Urauimaruf  the  Hindustani  Language, 
Lon.,  1847,  p.  Svo.     2.  Anvari  SuhaiU;  or,  The  Lights  of 
Canopus,  1854,  r.  8vo.    3.  Autobiography  of  Lutfalhih,  &c.; 
edited  by  E.  B.  E.,  1857,  p.  8vo.     See  Jones,  Sir  William. 
Eaton,  A.     Grammatica  Inglesa,  &g..  Lon.,  1814,  Svo. 
Eatoii,  3Iiss  Charlotte  E.     Rome  in  the  lyth  Cen- 
tury; 5th  ed.,  Lon..  1852.  2  vols.  12mo.     Excellent. 

Eaton,  Cyrus,  b.  1784,  at  Framingham,  Mass.,  waa 
for  40  years  a  successful  teacher  in  Maine.  In  1845  he 
became  totally  blind.  Annals  of  Warren.  Me.,  with  the 
Early  History  of  St.  Ueorge's  Broad  Bay  and  the  Neiiihbour- 
ing  Settlements  on  the  Waldo  Patent,  1851,  Svo.  Woman; 
a  Poem,  1854. 

Eaton,  Daniel  Isaac,  d.  1804.  Trial  for  Paine's 
Rights  uf  Man.  Lon..  1793,  8vo  ;  for  pub.  a  supposed  Libel, 
1794,  Svo.  Helvetius"s  System  of  Nature,  1811,  Svo.  Me- 
mnrial.  1813,  Svo.  Continuation  of  the  Age  of  Reason,  1S13. 
Eaton,  David.  Scripture  the  only  Guide  to  Religious 
Truth,  York,  ISUO,  Svo.  Baptism,  Lon.,  1826,  Svo.  Other 
works. 

Eaton,  John,  1575-1641,  minister  of  Wickham  Mar- 
ket, Suflolk,  is  considered  by  some  the  founder  of  Antino- 
miauism.  The  Discovery  of  a  most  dangerous  Dead  Faith, 
Lon.,  ItUlj  12mo.  The  Honeycomb  of  Free  Justification, 
1642,  4to.  Pub.  by  Rubt.  Lancaster,  who  informs  us  that  i 
"The  author's  faith,  zeal,  and  diligence  in  doinf;  his  calling,  and  : 
his  faith,  patience,  and  cheerfulness  in  RUlTeriog  fur  the  same,  were 
highlv  exemplary." 

Eaton,  General  John  Henry,  1786-1856.  Life 
of  General  Andrew  Jackson.  Phila..  1824,  Svo. 

Eaton,  Joseph.  Di&p.  Med.  Inaug.  de  Vertigine, 
Lngd.  Bat..  1686,  4to. 

Eaton,  Nathaniel.  Inquisitio  in  variantes  Theolo- 
gorum  riuijrundam  sententiasde  Sabbato  et  Die  Doininico, 
Fran.,  1633,  Svo.  Oratio  in  Acad.  Patavina,  1(U7,  4to. 
De  Fastis  Anglicis,  sive  Calendarium  Sacrum,  Lon.,  1661, 
12mo. 

Eaton,  Richard.  Funl.  Serm.,  Lon..  1616,  4to. 
Eaton,  Richard.  Rates  of  Md.se.  Dubl.,  1767,  Svo, 
Eaton,  Samuel.  Theolog.  treatises,  Lon.,  1645-54. 
Easton,  Samuel,  D.D.  Human  Life,  in  17  Serms., 
Lon.,  1764,  Svo.  Christy  as  taught  by  Christ  himself,  in 
18  Serms.,  1776,  Svo. 

"  Plain,  easy,  and  sensible  discourses,  aboundintj  with  good  sense, 
and  manifesting  the  author's  learning  and  application." — Lon. 
Motitfili/  L'evu'w, 

Eaiton,  Samuel,  minister  of  Harpswell,  Maine,  d. 
1822.  aged  S5.     Serm.  on  the  death  of  Jacob  Abbot,  1820. 

Eaton,  \V.     Political  Relations  of  Russia,  1803. 

Eberle,  J.,  M.D.  Notes  of  Lectures  on  the  Theory 
and  Practice  of  Medicine,  Phila.,  1844.  12mo.  Notes  and 
Additions,  by  Geo.  MeClellan.  M.D.,  1840,  Svo.  Treatise 
on  the  Diseases  and  Physical  Education  of  Children  ;  with 
Notes  and  Additions,  by  T.  D.  Mitchell,  M.D.,  Svo.  Trea- 
tise of  the  Materia  Medica  and  Therapeutics,  1847,  2  vols, 
in  1,  Svo. 

Ebers,  John.  Seven  Years  of  the  King's  Theatre, 
Lon.,  1828,  8v«>. 

Eburne,  Richard.  Serms.,  &c.,  Lon.,  1613, '16.  A 
plaine  Pathway  tu  Plantations.  In  three  Parts,  1624,  4to. 
In  this  vol.  will"  be  found  *' Motives  for  a  present  Plantation 
in  Newfoundland." 

Eccles,  Ambrose,  a  native  of  Ireland,  d.  1809,  pub. 
inthree  vols.,  (in  all,)  edits,  of  Cymbeline,  1793,  Svoj  King 
Lear,  1793,  Svo;  Merchant  of  Venice,  1805,  Svo. 

"  Each  Tolume  contains,  not  only  notes  and  illustrations  of  va- 
rious commentators,  with  remarks  by  the  editor,  but  the  several 
critical  and  historical  essays  that  have  appeared  at  different  times 
respecting  each  piece." — Biog.  DniTnat. 

Eccles,  James,  M.D.     Ed.  Med.  Ess.,  1737. 

Eccles,  John,  d.  1735,  a  musical  composer,  set  some 
of  Congreve's  songs  and  odes  to  music.  The  airs  were 
greatly  admired,  and  cunsidered  among  the  best  of  the  day. 

Eccles,  Samuel.     Serms.,  1750,  '51,  '53,  '54,  '55. 

Ecclestou,  James.  Introduction  to  English  Auti- 
MO 


qnities,  intended  as  a  companion  to  the  Ilist.  of  Eng.,  Lon., 
1847,  Svo. 

"It  has  demonstrated  its  usefulness  by  furnishing  us  at  once 
with  what  would  have  required  hours  of  search  among  dusty  tomes 
to  attain."' — Vhurch  and  State  Gazette. 

'■A  seasonalile  and  judicious  work." — Edin.  Btview. 
Questions  on  Mosheim  and  Burnet,  12mo.     Treatise  con- 
cerning the  Life  of  God  in  the  Suul  of  Man,  ISmo. 

Eccleston,  Theodore.  The  Quaker's  Case  of  not 
Swearing,  10U4,  4to. 

Ecclestone,  Edward.  Noah's  Flood,  or  the  De- 
struction of  the  "World;  an  Opera,  Lon.,  1679,  4to.  Repub. 
as  The  Cataclysm,  in  1685,  and  as  The  Deluge,  in  1691. 

Echard,  Laurence,  16717-1730,  a  native  of  Suffolk  j 
educated  at  Christ's  College,  Cambridge;  presented  to  the 
livings  of  Welton  and  Elkinlon,  Lincolnshire ;  Archdeacon 
of  Stowe,  1712;  presented  by  George  II.,  about  1722,  to 
the  livings  of  Rendlesham,  Sudborne,  and  Alford.  Suffolk. 
Description  of  Ireland,  Lon.,  16'JI,  12mo;  of  Flanders, 
1691.  Compend.  of  Geography,  1691,  1713,  8vo.  The 
Roman  History  to  the  settlement  by  Augustus  Caesar.  Of 
this  a  4th  ed.  was  pub.  in  1699,  Svo;  1699-1705,  5  vols. 
8vo;  with  a  continuation,  1713,  5  vols.  Svo;  1719,  '20,  5 
vols.  Svo.  The  Roman  Hist,  from  the  settlement  by  Aug. 
C»sar  to  the  removal  of  the  Imperial  seat  of  Constantino 
the  Great.  Of  this  a  2d  ed.  was  pub.  in  1699,  Svo.  Two 
continuations,  one  of  which  was  revised  by  Echard,  were 
afterwards  pub.  in  3  vols.  Svo.  A  General  Ecclesiastical 
HistorytoA.D.  313. 1702,  fol.;  1710,  2  vols.  Svo j  1712,6th 
ed.;  1722,  2  vols.  Svo. 

"The  Ecclesiastical  History  of  Mr.  Laurence  Echard  is  the  best 
of  its  kind  in  the  En':;lish  tongue." — Pridmiix's  Conifurion. 
"A  work  valuable  in  manv  respects." — Bishop  Watsox. 
The  History  of  England  to  1688,  1707-18,  3  vols.  fol. 
The  author  enumerates  many  authorities,  informing  us  that 
"  From  all  these  I  have  compiled  a  history  as  full,  comprehensive, 
and  complete,  as  1  could  bring  into  the  compass  of  the  proposed 
size  and  bigness.     And  that  nothing  might  be  wanting.  [  have  all 
the  way  enriched  it  with  the  best  and  wisest  saj  ings  of  great  men 
that  I  "could  find  in  larger  volumes,  and  likewise  with  such  short 
moral  reflections,  and  such  proper  characters  of  men,  as  might  give 
life  as  well  as  add  instruction  to  the  history." 

Calamy,  who  thought  the  historian  had  misrepresented 
the  Nonconformists,  and  Oldmixon,  who  conceived  that  ho 
discovered  many  historical  blunders,  both  attacked  our 
autbor.  See  Dr.  Calamy's  Letter  to  Echard,  1718,  and  Old- 
mixon's  Critical  Hist,  of  Eng..  &c.  But  nothing  did  more 
to  injure  the  work  than  Echard's  recital  of  Lindsey's  story 
of  the  conference  and  contract  between  Oliver  Cromwell 
and  the  Devil  on  the  morning  of  the  battle  of  Worcester. 
Echard  by  no  means  endorses  the  truth  of  the  narration, 
but  he  dismisses  the  subject  with  a  sly  innuendo — or  per- 
haps intended  pleasantry: — 

"■  How  far  Lindsey  is  to  be  believed,  and  how  far  the  story  is  to 
be  accounted  credible,  is  left  to  the  reader's  faith  and  judgment, 
and  not  to  any  determination  of  our  own,"' — Vnl.ii.  p.  713.  ed.lTlS. 
Echard's  History  lost  its  popularity  after  the  publication 
of  Tindal's  trans,  of  Rapin's.  The  large  circulation  of  the 
former  work  was  owing  in  part  to  the  convenience  of  his 
arrangement: 

"This  history, being  chiefly  intended  for  the  useful  diversion  of 
the  nobility  and  gentry,  is  put  in  such  a  method  as  appeared  to  be 
the  least  irksome  to  the  reader;  every  reign  being  divided  into  so 
many  stages  or  periods,  as  give  frequent  opportunities  of  pause 
and  rest." — Bishop  Nicolson:  L'Tig.  Hist.  Lib.  Gl. 

His  opponent,  Dr.  Calamy,  also  praises  this  feature  as 
well  as  other  merits  of  the  History : 

"The  clearness  of  your  method,  and  the  perspicuity  of  your  lan- 
guage, are  two  very  great  excellencies,  which  I  admire.  I  am  sin- 
gularly pleased  with  the  refreshing  divisions  of  your  mattei-.  and 
the  chronological  distinction  of  the  several  parts  of  your  history." 
But  the  doctor  proceeds  to  enumerate  grave  objections 
to  the  sprightly  chronicler: 

"I  neither  admire  many  of  the  authors  which  you  cite,  nor  your 
way  of  citing  them:  and  I  have  some  reason  to  think  I  am  not 
singular  in  either.  Many  of  the  authors  that  are  cited  by  you 
have  so  little  credit  in  the  world  as  to  be  far  from  giving  sufficient 
warrant  to  justify  your  inserting  things  from  them  into  an  his- 
tory that  should  give  an  account  to  posterity  of  past  transactions. 
And  vour  way  of  citing  them  is  liable  to  very  great  objections."— 
Ldl'T  to  Mr.ArcMeacf/tr  Echard.  p.  IIS,  119.     See  Biog.  Brit. 

The  Gazetteer;  a  Geographical  Index  to  Europe,  1703, 
'04,  2  vols.  18mo;  llthcd.,  1716, 12mo.  Classical  Geogra- 
phical Dictionary,  revised  by  S.  Echard,  1715,  Svo.  Trans, 
of  Three  Comediesof  Plautus,  2ded.,  1716.  Maxims  from 
Tillotson,  1719,  Svo.  Hist,  of  the  Revolution  and  Esta- 
blishment in  1688,  1725.  Svo.  Trans,  of  Terence,  by  Echard 
and  others,  9th  ed.,  1741, 12mo.  Serm.,  1698, 4to.  Serm., 
1726,  Svo. 

In  the  first  volume  of  Dodsley*s  Collection  of  Poems 
there  is  an  ejiigram — so  named — on  the  respective  histories 
of  Echard  and  Burnet,  which  reminds  us  forcibly  uf  the 
rapid  and  graphic  pencil  of  the  author  of  Hudibras: 


ECH 


EDG 


"Gil's  history  appears  to  me 

Political  anatomy ; 

A  case  of  skeletons  well  done, 

And  malefactors  every  one. 

His  sharp  and  strong  incisive  pen 

Historically  cuts  up  men, 

And  does  with  lucid  sl<ill  impart 

Their  inward  ails  of  head  and  heart. 

Laurence  proceeds  another  way 

And  well-dressed  figures  does  display; 

His  characters  are  all  in  flesh, 

Their  hands  are  fiiir,  their  taces  fresh, 

And  from  his  sweetening  air  derive 

A  better  scent  than  when  alive. 

He  wax-work  made  to  please  the  sons, 

"Whose  fathers  were  Gil's  skeletons.'* 
Echlin,  John.     Serm.,  Dubl.,  1712,  8vo. 
Ecking,  Rev.  Samuel,  1757-1785.     Three  Essays 
onGrace.Faith,andE.\iierience,1784,Svo;3(le(l.,lS06,12mo. 
Eckley,  Joseph,  D.D.,  1750-1811,  aminister  of  Bos- 
ton, Mass.,  was  a  native  of  England.     He   pub.  several 
serms.,  Ac,  1782,  '92,  '97,  1802,  '05,  06,  '09,  '10.     See  'VVis- 
ner's  Hist,  of  the  0.  S.  Church,  45. 

Ecton,  John.  Liber  Valorum  et  Deeimarum,  Lon., 
1711,  8vo;  several  eds.  Enlarged  and  repuh.  by  Browne 
Willis,  under  the  title  of  Thesaurus  Rerum  Ecclesiastica- 
rum;  last  ed.,  176.3,  4to.  A  still  later  edit,  of  the  Liber 
■Valorum  was  pub.  in  1786,  4to,  under  the  title  of  Liber 
Kegis.  Bounty  of  Queen  Anne.  &c.,  2d  ed.,  1720,  '21,  8vo. 
Eddis,  Wm.,  Surveyor  of  the  Customs  at  Annapolis 
in  Maryl.ind.  Letters  from  America,  Historical  and  De- 
scriptive, Lon.,  1792.  8vo.  This  work,  which  comprises  the 
period  from  1769-77,  contains  the  best  account  we  h-ave 
of  the  rise  of  Revolutionary  principles  in  Maryland.  The 
letters  are  forty  in  number. 

''These  letters  include  an  interesting  period,  and  relate  to  events 
which,  however  painful  in  their  detail,  and  dishonourable  to  the 


J  germs 
~~Lon.  Monthly  Review. 

We  need  hardly  urge  the  collectors  of  early  American 
History  to  secure  this  valuable  work. 

Eddy,  Rev.  Daniel  C.  1.  Young  Man's  Friend, 
Lowell,  12mo.  2.  Ministers  of  the  Olden  Time,  12mo. 
3.  Lectures  to  Young  Ladies,  12mo.  4.  Heroines  of  the 
Missionary  Enterprise,  Boston,  1850,  16mo. 

''The  biographies  are  written  in  a  remarkablv  graphic  style,  and 
they  remind  us  in  their  spirit  and  picturesqueness  of  ll'eadley's 
stirrinp:  pages.'' 

Eddy,  J.  H.,  1784-1817,  a  native  of  New  York,  pub. 
a  map  of  the  .State  of  N.  York,  and  was  engaged  on  a  ge- 
neral atlas  of  America  at  the  time  of  his  death.  He  was 
totally  deaf 

Eddy,  Samueljof  Providence,  Rhode  Island, d.  1839, 
aged  68.     Antiquities.  Ac. 

Ede,  James.  Gold  and  Silversmith's  Calculator,  1806, 
12mo.  New  ed.,  1847,  12mo.  Gold  and  S.  Coins,  1809, 
8vo.     Annals  of  Europe,  1809,  2  vols.  8vo. 

Edelen,  Philip.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1653,  8vo. 

Edelman,  W.     Scrms.,  Lon.,  1833,  12mo. 

Eden,  Charles  Page.  ,Serm.,  Isa.  xl.  31,  On  Early 
Prayer,  O.xf.,  1840,  8vo.  To  Mr.  Eden  we  are  indebted  for 
a  revised  ed.  of  Bp.  Heber's  ed.  of  the  Works  of  Jeremy 
Taylor,  Lon.,  1847-54,  10  vols.  8vo. 

'•  It  is  no  mean  praise  to  !>e  able  to  say  that  Mr.  Eden  has  hitherto 
escaped  from  the  unmerciful  and  unscrupulous  castigation  which 
has  been  bestowed  upon  others.  ...  It  is  utterly  impossible  to  pro- 
duce a  more  elaborate  or  correct  exposition  of  the  author,  whose 
enormous  labours  had  rendered  the  task  of  properly  editing  them 
well  nigh  Herculean."— BcZCs  Lm.  Messenger,  notice  of  vol.  vii 

Eden,  Hon.  Frederick.  Historical  Sketch  of  the 
International  Policy  of  Modern  Europe.  Lon.,  1823,  8vo. 

Eden,  Sir  Frederick  Morton,  Bart,  Director  of  the 
Glolie  Insurance  Co.,  Loudon,  1809.  1.  The  State  of  the 
Poor;  or,  an  History  of  the  Labouring  Classes  in  England 
from  the  Conquest  to  the  Present  Period,  Lon.,  lf97,  3 
vols.  4to. 

'■  This  is  the  grand  storehouse  of  information  respecting  the  la- 
bouring classes  of  England,  and  should  have  a  prominent  place  in 
every  library."— JfcCuZtoc/i's  Lit.  of  J'nlit.  Bymonnj. 

A  new  ed.  of  this  valuable  work,  with  a  continuation  to 
the  present  time,  is  much  needed. 

2.  Porto  Bello,  1798,  8vo.  3.  Inhabitants  in  G.  Britain 
and  Ireland,  1800,  8vo.  4.  Friendly  Societies,  1801,  8vo. 
5.  Eight  Letters  on  the  Peace,  and  on  the  Commerce  and 
Manufactures  of  Great  Britain,  1802,  8vo.  6.  Maritime 
Bights  of  G.  Britain,  2d  ed.,  1808,  8vo.  7.  On  the  Policy 
and  E.'ipediency  of  Granting  Insurance  Charters,  1806,  8vo. 

'■The  arguments  to  show  the  expediency  of  granting  charters  to 
insurance  companies  are  quite  conclusive,  and  their  validity  is  now 
universally  admitti-d" — >IrCui,LOCH,  ubi  supra. 

Eden,  Richard.  ATreatyseof  theNewIndia;  trans. 


from  the  Latin  of  Sehastian  Munster,  Lon.,  1553,  8vo.  The 
Decades  of  the  New  World ;  trans,  from  the  Latin  of  R. 
Martyr,  1555,  4to.  Augmented  Ijy  Richard  Willes.  1577, 
4to.  The  same  Englished  by  Eden  and  Lok,  1612,  4to, 
The  Arte  of  Nauigation  ;  trans,  from  the  Spanysl»e  of  Mar- 
tin Cortes,  1561,  '78,  '80,  '84,  4to.  A  very  few  copies  have 
a  folding  wood-cut  map  of  America.  This  is  very  valuable, 
especially  to  the  collector  of  American  History.  Decade 
of  Voyages;  trans,  from  the  Latin  of  Lewes  Vertomanus, 
1576,  8vo.  The  History  of  Travayle  in  the  West  and  East 
Indies,  and  other  Countreys  lying  eyther  w.ay  towardes  the 
fruitful!  and  rych  Moluccaes,  Ac.  Gathered  in  parte,  and 
done  into  Englishe,  by  Richard  Eden.  Newly  set  in  order, 
augmented  and  finished,  by  Richard  Willes,  1577,  4to. 
Willett,  844,  £3  ISs.  Roxburghe,  7179,  £6  10».  A  long 
extract  from  Willes's  explanatory  preface  to  this  rare  work 
will  be  found  in  Rich's  Cat.  of  Books  relating  principally 
to  America,  1832,  p.  14.  A  very  necessarie  and  profitable 
Booke  concerning  Nauigation;  trans,  from  the  Latin  of 
Joannes  Taisnierus.  Sold  along  with  the  Arte  of  Nauiga- 
tion, 1579,  4to. 

'■  Eden  was  the  first  Englishman  who  undertook  to  present  in  a 
collective  form  the  astonishing  results  of  that  spirit  of  maritime 
enterprise  which  had  been  everywhere  awakened  by  the  discovery 
of  America;  nor  was  he  a  mere  compiler;  we  are  indebted  to  him 
for  .several  original  voyages  of  great  curiosity  and  value.  He  is 
not  exempt  from  error,  but  in  point  of  learning,  accuracy,  and  in- 
tegrity is  certainly  superior  to  Ilakluyt;  yet  it  is  undoubted,  that 
while  the  name  of  the  latter,  like  that  of  Vespucci,  has  become  in- 
delibly associated  with  the  New  World,  his  predecessor  is  very  little 
known." — Jiicli's  Bii'I.  Ainer.  Nm'a. 

Eden,  Robert,  Archdeacon  of  Winton.  Jurispruden- 
tia  Philologica;  sive  Elementa  Juris  Civilis,  secundum 
Methodum  et  seriem  Institutionum  Justiniani,  notis  Clas- 
sicis  et  Historicis,  nee  non  Parallelis  Juris  Anglicani  Locis, 
illustrata,  Oxon.,  1744,  Svo;  Lon.,  1763,  4to.  Antonii 
Schultingii  Jurisconsulti  Oratio  de  Jurisprudentia  Marci 
Tullis  Ciceronis  Notis  Illustrata,  1761,  4to. 

Eden,  Robert,  D.D.,  Canon  of  Windsor.  Serms.  pub. 
separately,  1743,  '54,  '55,  '56. 

Eden,  Rev.  Robert.  Churchman's  Theolog.  Diet., 
2d  ed.,  Lon.,  1846,  12mo. 

"The  design  of  this  work  is  to  give  plain  and  simple  explana- 
tions of  the  Theological  and  Ecclesiastical  terms  which  are  used  in 
describing  and  discussing  religious  Ordinances,  Doctrines,  and  In- 
stitutions, without  entering  into  the  controversies  which  have 
arisen  respecting  their  object  and  import." 

Puller's  Moderation  of  the  Church  of  England.  A  new 
ed..  thoroughly  revised,  with  an  Introductory  Preface,  &c., 
1843,  Svo. 

"The  reader  of  it  will  be  surprised  and  delighted  at  the  disco- 
veries which  it  makes  to  him  of  the  msdom  of  our  Church." — Edir 
terras  Preface. 

''  A  calm  and  argumentative  statement  of  the  views  of  the  Church, 
as  conclusively  set  forth  in  her  Liturgy,  Articles,  and  Homilies. 
We  earnestly  recommend  it  both  to  the  clergy  and  laity." — Oh.  of 
Enrj.  Quar.  Iieview. 

JEden,  Hon.  Robert  Henley,  afterwards  Lord 
Henley.  1.  Reports  of  Cases  in  H.  C.  of  Chancery,  1757- 
66  ;  from  the  MSS.  of  Lord  Chancellor  Northington,  Lon., 
1818,  2  vols.  r.  8vo;  2d  ed.,  with  addits.,  1827,  2  vols,  in  1, 
8vo;  Phila.,  1S39.  Lord  Northington's  decisions  were  first 
pub.  by  Ambler,  (Cases,  1737-83 :)  the  publication  of  Mr. 
Eden,  however,  a  descendant  of  his  lordship,  (formerly 
Lord  Keeper  Henley.)  are  much  to  be  preferred.  Ambler's 
errors  and  imperfections  are  to  some  extent  rectified  and 
remedied.  Cox's  Reports  (the  editor  of  Peere  Williams) 
contain  some  decisions  of  Lord  Northington  and  also  of 
Lord  Hardwicke. 

"  The  authority  of  Lord  Northington  is  very  great,  and  it  arose 
from  the  uncommon  vigour  and  clearness  of  his  understanding." 
See  1  Kent's  Com.;  Wallace's  Reporters,  82;  21  Amer. 
Jurist,  241;  12  Leg.  Obs.,  524;  Marvin's  Leg.  BibL,  288. 

2.  A  Treatise  on  the  Law  of  Injunctions,  Lon.,  1821,  8vo. 
Ist  Amer.  ed.,  with  Notes  and  References  to  Amer.  Deci- 
sions, N.  York,  1822,  Svo;  Albany,  1839.    3d  Amer.  ed.,  by 
Thos.  W.  Waterman,  N.  York,  1852,  2  vols.  Svo.     A  new 
English  edit,  is  now  (1858)  in  preparation.     3.  A  Practical 
Treatise  on  the  Bankrupt  Law,  as  amended  by  the  New  Act 
of  the  6th  Geo.  IV.,  c.  16;  2d  ed.,  Lon.,  1826,  Svo;  Phila., 
1841,  Svo.     4.  A  Digest  of  the  Bankrupt  Law,  with  an  Ap- 
pendix of  Precedents.  Ac,  3d  ed.,  Lon.,  1832,  r.  Svo.     A 
new  ed.  is  now  (185S)  in  preparation. 
Eden,  Wm.     See  Auckland,  Lord. 
Edens,  J.     Account  of  a  Journey  from  Port  Oratavia 
to  the  top  of  the  Peak  of  Tenerifi'e,  Phil.  Trans.,  1714. 
Edes.     Serms.,  1604,  Svo. 

Edgar,  John.     Decisions  of  the  Lords  of  Sessions 
from  Jan.,  1724,  to  Aug.,  1725,  Edin.,  1726,  fol. 
Edgar,  Sir  John,  i.  e.  Sir  Richard  Steele. 
Edgar,  John,  D.D.     Female  Virtue,  Lon.,  1841,  Svo. 

Ml 


EDG 


JEDG 


Edgar,  Samuel.  The  Variations  of  Popery,  Bubl., 
1832,  Svo;  2d  ed.,  Lon.,  1838,  8vo. 

'^  It  furnishes  many  a  strange  commentary  on  infallibility,  unity, 
uninterrupted  succession,  universality,  and  so  fortb." — Lon.  Pres. 
Jitv.,  1S37. 

The  object  of  this  wnrk  with  respect  to  Popery  is  the 
same  as  Bussuet's  in  relation  to  Protestantism. 

Edgar,  Win.  Vectigalium  Systema;  or  British  Cus- 
toms, Lon.,  1714,  Svo.  Statutes,  &c.  rel.  to  Revenues  of 
Ireland,  1720,  Svo. 

Edgarton,  Miss  Sarah  C.     See  Mato. 

Edge,  Wni.  John.  Appeal  to  the  readers  of  "Ancient 
Christianity,"  Lon..  18-40,  Svo. 

Edgecumbe, James, D.D.  Human  Reason, 1736,8vo. 

Edgecumbc,  JLord  Mountmorres.     See  Mount- 

MORRES. 

Edgeworth,  C  Sneyd.  Memoirs  of  the  Abbe  Edge- 
worth,  L()n.,  1815.  Svo. 

Edgeworth,  3Iaria,  1767-1849,  was  the  daughter  of 
Richard  Lovell  Edgewiirth,  of  Edgeworth's-town,  in  the 
county  of  Longford,  Ireland;  a  gentleman  distinguished 
not  only  for  literary  taste  and  mechanical  ingenuity,  but 
also  as  the  successful  wooer  of  four  ladies,  who  in  turn  ac- 
cepted his  hand.  Maria,  a  daughter  of  the  tirst  marriage, 
was  born  in  Oxfordshire,  and  resided  in  England  until 
17S2,  when  her  father  succeeded  to  the  family  estate,  and 
removed  to  Ireland.  Mr.  Edgeworth  took  a  lively  interest 
in  the  cause  of  education,  and  was  pleased  to  find  in  Maria 
an  able  literary  coadjutor.  In  179S  appeared  a  Treatise  on 
Practical  Education,  a  joint  production.  Miss  Edgeworth 
pub.  in  1810,  Early  Lessons,  in  ten  parts,  and  her  father 
added  a  continuation  in  1S15,  2  vols.  12mo.  Another  joint 
work,  which  attained  great  popularity,  An  Essay  on  Irish 
Bulls,  made  its  appearance  in  1802.  Mr.  Edgeworth  is 
supposed  to  have  had  a  share  in  several  other  compositions 
pub.  by  Maria.  Castle  Rackrent,  issued  in  ISOl,  was  the 
first  of  a  series  uf  novels  which  proved  the  possession  of 
powers  of  a  diversified  character — descriptive,  philosophi- 
cal, pathetic,  and  humorous — seldom  combined  in  one  in- 
dividual. Nor  is  this  the  highest  praise  which  is  to  be  ac- 
corded to  Miss  Edgeworth.  In  Belinda,  Leonora,  The 
Modern  Griselda,  Moral  Tales,  Popular  Tales,  the  Tales  of 
Fashionable  Life,  Patronage,  Harrington,  Ormond,  Helen, 
&c.,  we  are  made  to  feel  that  our  amusement  is  not  the 
only,  nor  the  principal,  object  of  the  writer  who  so  charms 
us.  It  will  be  our  own  fault  if  mental  and  moral  improve- 
ment^— a  desire  to  gain  knowledge,  to  be  good,  and  to  do 
good — are  not  promoted  by  the  pen  of  Maria  Edgeworth. 
But  in  her  anxiety  to  teach  profitable  lessons  to  those  who 
had  already  assumed  the  responsibilities  of  life.  Miss  Edge- 
worth  did  not  permit  herself  to  forget  the  objects  of  her 
early  care,  to  whose  instruction  she  had  devoted  the  first 
fruits  of  her  clear  and  practical  intellect.  In  1822  she  pub. 
Rosamond,  a  Sequel  to  Early  Lessons ;  which  was  followed 
by  Harry  and  Lucy,  and  The  Parent's  Assistant.  She  com- 
pleted in  1820  a  Memoir  of  herfather,  (commenced  by  him.) 
who  died  in  1817.  We  give  the  contents  of  the  collective 
edition  of  Miss  Edgeworth's  Novels  and  Tales,  pub.  in  18 
vols.  12mo,  Lon.,  1832: 

Vu!.  I.  Castle  Rackrent;  Essay  on  Irish  Bulls;  Essay 
on  Self-Justification.  II.  Forester;  The  Prussian  Vase; 
The  Good  Aunt.  IlL  Angelina;  The  Good  French  Go- 
verness; Mademoiselle  Panache  ;  The  Knapsack.  IV.  Lame 
Jervas;  The  Will;  The  Limerick  Gloves;  Out  of  Debt, 
Out  of  Danger;  The  Lottery;  Rosanna.  V.  Murad  the 
Unlucky;  The  Manufacturers  ;  The  Contrast;  The  Grate- 
ful Negro;  To-morrow.  VI.  Ennui;  The  Dun.  VII.  Ma- 
noeuvring; Almeria.  VIII.  Vivian.  IX.  The  Absentee. 
X.  The  Absentee,  (concluded;)  Madame  de  Fleury;  Emilie 
de  Coulanges;  The  Modern  Griselda.  XL,  XII.  Belinda. 
XIIL  Leonora;  Letters.  XIV.,  XV.  Patronage.  XVL  Co- 
mic Dramas.  XVII.  Harrington ;  Thoughts  on  Bores. 
XVIII.  Ormond.    Tales  and  Novels,  N.Y.,  1833-34, 10  vols. 

In  1S34  Miss  Edgeworth  gave  to  the  world  Helen,  the 
last,  and  one  of  the  most  popular,  of  her  novels ;  and — true 
to  her  early  predilection  for  the  instruction  of  youth — closed 
her  useful  labours  by  the  juvenile  story  of  Orlandino.  A 
new  collective  edition  of  her  Tales  and  Miscellaneous  Pieces 
was  pub.  in  1848,  Lon.,  9  vols.  12mo.  Of  several  of  her 
works  there  have  been  numerous  editions.  In  America,  as 
well  as  at  home,  her  works  have  been  widely  circulated, 
and  are  highly  valued.  We  could  occupy  many  pages,  if 
permitted  by  our  limits,  with  commendations  by  the  highest 
authorities  of  Miss  Edgeworth's  compositions.  A  few  brief 
extracts  must  suffice: 

Sir  Walter  Scott  was  so  delighted  with  "  the  rich  humour, 
pathetic  tenderness,  and  admirable  tact"  of  her  Ii'ish  por- 

542 


traits,  that  he  determined  to  try  his  own  skill  in  drawing 
Scotch  character,  though  despairing  of  equalling  his  model : 
*"  If  I  could  but  hit  Miss  Edi;eworth"s  wonderful  power  of  vivi- 
fying all  her  persons,  and  making  them  \i\ea.sbei7i//s  in  your  mind, 
1  should  not  be  afraid.'  Often  has  the  Author  of Waverley  used 
such  language  to  me;  and  I  knew  that  I  gratified  him  most  when 
I  could  say — 'Positively  this  is  equal  to  Miss  Edgeworth.'  You 
will  thus  judge,  madam,  how  deeply  he  must  feel  such  praise  as 
you  have  bestowed  upon  his  efforts." — James  Ballanlyne  to  Maria 
Eiiqeivorth^  respect ing  iter  comintndaiion  of  WaverUy.  Wth  Nov.  1S14. 
See  Lockharfs  Life  of  Scott. 

We  need  hardly  remind  the  reader  of  the  memorable 
visit  paid  by  Maria  and  two  of  her  sisters  to  Abbotsford  ia 
1823: 

"Never,"  says  Mr.  Lockhart.  "did  I  see  a  brighter  day  at  Abbots- 
ford  than  that  on  which  Miss  Edgeworth  first  arrived  there;  never 
can  I  forget  her  look  and  accent  when  she  was  received  by  him  at 
his  archway,  and  exclaimed, '  Every  thing  about  yon  is  exactly  what 
one  ought  to  have  had  wit  enough  to  dream.' '" — Uhi  supra. 

A  review  by  Sir  Walter  of  Miss  Edgeworth's  Patronage, 
will  be  found  in  the  Edinburgh  Review,  xxii.  416 : 

"The  taste  and  gallantry  of  the  age."  remarks  the  distinguished 
critic,  "may  have  at  last  pretty  generally  sanctioned  the  ardent 
admiration  with  which  we  greeted  the  first  steps  of  this  distin- 
guished lady  in  her  literary  career;  but  the  calmer  spirits  of  the 
South  can  hardly  yet  comprehend  the  exhilarating  effect  which  her 
reappearance  uniformly  produces  upon  the  saturnine  complexion  of 
their  Northern  Heviewers." 

"  Iter  extraordinary  merit,  both  as  a  novelist  and  a  woman  Of 
genius,  consists  in  her  having  selected  a  class  of  virtues  far  more 
diflicult  to  treat  as  the  subject  of  fiction  than  others,  and  whicli 
had  therefore  been  left  by  former  writers  to  her." — Sir  James  Mack- 
int'isfi. 

''  As  a  writer  of  tales  and  novels,  she  has  a  very  marked  pecu- 
liarity. It  is  that  of  venturing  to  dispense  common  sense  to  her 
readers,  and  to  bring  them  within  the  precincts  of  real  life  and 
natural  feeling.  She  presents  them  with  no  incredible  adventures 
or  inconceivalile  sentiments,  no  hyperbolical  representations  of 
uncommon  character  or  monstrous  exhibitions  of  exaggerated 
passion.  "Without  excluding  love  from  her  pages,  she  knows  how 
to  assign  to  it  Its  just  limits.  She  neither  degrades  the  sentiment 
from  its  true  dignity,  nor  lifts  it  toaburlesriue  elevation.  It  takes 
its  proper  place  among  the  passions.  Her  heroes  and  heroines,  if 
such  they  may  be  called,  are  never  miraculously  good,  nor  detest- 
ably wicked.  They  are  such  men  and  women  as  we  see  and  con- 
verse with  every  day  of  our  lives:  with  the  same  proportional  mix- 
ture in  them  of  what  is  right  and  what  is  wrong,  of  what  is  great 
and  what  is  little." — Lord  Dudley  :  Lon.  Quar.  Rev.,  ii.  146,  1810. 

"  The  writings  of  Miss  Edgeworth  exhibit  so  singular  an  union 
of  sober  sense  and  inexhaustible  invention — so  minute  a  know- 
ledge of  all  that  distinguishes  manners,  or  touches  on  happiuess 
in  every  condition  of  human  fortune — and  so  just  an  estimate  hoih. 
of  the  real  sourcesof  enjoyment,  and  of  the  illusions  by  which  they 
are  so  often  obstructed. — that  it  cannot  be  thought  wonderful  that 
we  should  separate  her  from  the  ordinary  manufacturer  of  novels, 
and  speak  of  her  Tales  as  works  of  more  serious  importance  than 
much  of  the  true  history  and  solemn  philosophy  that  comes  daily 
under  our  inspection.  ...  It  is  impossible,  we  think,  to  read  ten 
pages  in  any  of  her  writings,  without  feeling,  not  only  that  the 
whole,  but  that  everv  part  of  them,  was  intended  to  do  good." — 
Lord  Jeffrey:  Iklin.' Kev..  xx.  lOO.  1S12;  xxviii.  391. 1817. 

''  Some  one  has  described  the  novels  of  Miss  Edgeworth  as  a  sort 
of  essence  of  common  sense;  and  the  definition  is  not  inappropri- 
ate."— SiE  "W.iLTER  Scott. 

''  She  is  the  author  of  works  never  to  be  forgotten :  of  works 
which  can  never  lose  their  standard  value  as  *  English  classics,' 
and  deserve  that  honourable  name  infinitely  more  than  half  the 
dull  and  licentious  trash  bound  up  in  our  libraries  under  that 
title.  .  .  .  Her  novels  always  found  an  eager  reception,  at  a  time 
when  the  poetry  of  Scott,  of  Campbell,  and  of  Crabbe.  was  issuing 
in  its  freshness  from  the  press,  when  the  Edinburgh  and  Quarterly 
Reviews,  then  splendid  novelties,  were  to  be  duly  read  and  studied, 
when  Bladame  de  Stael  was  at  her  zenith,  and,  in  a  word,  when 
the  competition  of  the  noblest  wits  was  only  less  keen  than  at  the 
present  day." — Edward  Everett:  N.  Amcr.  Bev.,  svii.  388, 1823. 

A  very  interesting  account  of  a  visit  to  Maria  Edgeworth, 
is  given  in  Mr.  and  Mrs.  S.  C.  Hall's  work,  entitled  Ireland  j 
and  reviews  of  her  works  will  be  found  in  the  Edin.  Rev., 
vols,  viii.,  siv.,  xx.,  xxii.,  xxviii.,  and  xxxiv. ;  Lon.  Quar. 
Rev.,  vols,  ii.,  vii.,  xvii.,  and  li. ;  Lon.  Monthly  Rev.,  vols. 
Ixxxviii.  and  cix ;  N.  Amer.  Rev., vols,  vi.,  xvii.,  and  xxxix. ; 
and  other  prominent  periodicals.  See  also  Allan  Cunning- 
ham's Biog.  and  Crit.  Hist,  of  the  Lit.  of  the  last  Fifty 
Years. 

Edgeworth,  Richard  Lovell,  1744-1817,  a  native 
of  Bath,  father  of  Maria  Edgeworth,  has  already  come 
under  our  notice  in  the  preceding  article.  The  reader  will 
find  a  particular  account  of  this  gentleman  in  his  Memoirs, 
(completed  by  his  daughter  Maria.)  pub.  in  1S20,  2  vols. 
Svo.  He  pub.  a  number  of  works  in  addition  to  those  al- 
ready noticed  as  the  joint  productions  of  himself  and 
daughter.  A  Letter  on  the  Telegraph,  and  on  the  Defence 
of  Ireland,  Lon.,  1796,  Svo.  Poetry  explained  for  the  use 
of  Young  People,  1802.  Svo.  Essays  on  Professional  Edu- 
cation, 1809,  4to.  An  Essay  on  the  Construction  of  Roads 
and  Carriages.  ISIO,  '13,  Svo. 

"  The  directions  for  making  roads  are  very  sensible  and  enlight- 
ened, and  put  forth  the  practised  modes  of  the  present  day."— 
DonaldSQJis  AgrictiU.  Biog. 


EDO 


EDW 


Continnation  of  Maria  Edgowortt's  Early  Lessons,  1815. 
Svo.  Contriljiitiuus  ou  Natural  PliilosDjiliy,  Natural  His- 
tory, Mechanics,  Ac,  to  Phil.  Trans.,  nn'.i.  '84;  Archseol., 
1786;  Trans.  Rov.  Irish  Acad.,  178S, '97:  Nic.  Jour.,  1806, 
'09,  '10,  '11 ;  Phil.  Mag.,  1816,  '16.  Mr.  Edgeworth  re- 
peatedly obtained  prizes  from  the  Society  of  Arts  for  his 
mechanical  contrivances.  He  was  the  principal  literary 
adviser  of  his  celclirated  daughter,  and  she  derived  great 
advantages  from  his  intelligent  co-operation.  We  have 
noticed  his  Letter  on  the  Telegraph,  puli.  in  1796.  An 
Essay  of  his,  on  The  Art  of  Conveying  .Secret  and  Swift 
Intelligence,  will  be  found  in  Trans.  Roy.  Irish  Acad.,  1797. 

Edgeworth,  or  Edgworth,  Roger,  d.  about  1560, 
a  zealous  K.  Catliolic  divine,  was  made  Chancellor  of  Wells 
in  1554.  lie  held  several  important  ecclesiastical  posts. 
Sermons  very  FruitefuU  and  Learned  preached  and  sette 
foorth,  Lon.,  1667,  4to  and  Svo.  Two  of  his  tracts,  on  the 
Sacraments,  and  Bishops  and  Priests,  will  be  found  in  the 
Appendix  to  Bisliop  Burnet's  History  of  the  Reformation  j 
and  copious  extracts  from  his  sermons  are  inserted  by  Dr. 
Dibdin  in  his  Library  Companion. 

'■  His  Discourses  are  not  only  worth  possessing,  from  being  very 
uncommon,  but  from  cont.iining  much  curious  and  interesting  iu- 
telIii:enoe:  delivered,  upon  the  whole,  with  considerable  caution, 
but  with  the  decisive  tone  of  Catholic  zeal." — Ubi  supra. 

Edgeworth,  Theodore,  supposed  to  be  an  assumed 
name.  The  Shipwreck;  or.  Memoirs  of  an  Irish  Officer 
and  his  Family,  ISll,  3  vols.  12mo. 

Edgley,  Samuel.     Serm.,  Oxf.,  1724,  4to. 

Edguardus,  Dav.  De  Indiciis  et  Praecognitionlbus. 
Eivsdem  in  Anatomicen  Introductio,  Lon.,  1532,  Svo. 

Edgworth,  Robert.     Case  of,  Ac,  fob 

Edie,  George.     English  Shooting,  Lon.,  1772.  Svo. 

Ediugtou,  Robert.  Penitentiarv  for  the  Employment 
of  Convicts,  1803,  4to;  1816.     Coal  Trade,  1S13,  Svo. 

Edkins,  Joshua.     CoIIec.  of  Poems,  1801,  Svo. 

Ediin,  A.  Two  Cases  of  Gout,  Uxb.,  1S04,  12mo. 
Bread-Mal<ing,  Lon.,  1805,  12mo.    Malignant  Sore  Throat. 

Edlyu,  Richard.  Astrological  Judgment,  Ac.,  Lon., 
1658,  '6Sf  Svo.     Prainuncius  Sydereus,  1664,  4to. 

£dmead,VViii.  Commuting  the  Tythes,Lon.,lS16,Svo. 

Ednier.     See  Ead.meii. 

Edmeston,  James.  Sacred  Lyrics,  Lon.,  1S21,  '22, 
3  vols.  12mo. 

"We  must  make  room  for  one  more  extract,  which  will  amply 
justify  Mr.  Edmeston's  claim  to  true  poetic  feeling." — Lde^ctic  Bc- 
vicw,  June.  18131. 

Hvmns,  1S44.  Sonnets,  1845.  Closet  Hymns  and  Poems, 
1846,  '53.     Sacred  Poetry,  1848. 

Edmond,ItIrs.  Amanda  M., formerly  Miss  Corey, 
is  a  native  of  Brookiine,  Massachusetts.  She  has  pub. 
The  Broken  Vow  and  other  Poems,  chiefly  written  between 
the  ages  of  14  and  18  ;  and  The  Forget-Me-Not :  a  gift  for 
Sabbath-School  Children. 

Edmondes,  Edmonds,  or  Edmunds,  Sir  Cle- 
ment, 1666-1622.  Renieml^rancer  of  the  City  of  London, 
a  son  of  Sir  Thomas  Edmondes,  filled  several  posts  at  court. 
Observ.  on  the  1st  5  Books  of  Caesar's  Commentaries,  Lon., 
1600,  fob;  on  the  6th  and  7th  Books,  1600,  fob  ;  on  Ciesar's 
Comment,  on  the  Civil  Wars,  1609,  fob  All  or  most  of  them 
are  reprinted  with  an  Sth  Comment,  by  Hirtius  Pansa,  1677, 
fob  Cassar's  Comment,  in  English,  1656,  '95,  fob  Observ. 
on  the  Landing  of  Forces,  kc,  1758,  Svo.  Of  Sir  Clement 
Edmondes,  we  are  told  that 

"  His  dextrous  pen  made  him  mostworthily  esteemed  in  his  own 
vocation;  and  in  the  art  military,  by  Cap,sar's  confession,  an  un- 
derstanding soldier.  He  lived  faithfully  industrious  in  his  place, 
and  died  religiously  constant  in  the  belief  of  the  resurrection,"  &c. 
— Epif'Tph  fm  liis  vioitinnunt, 

Edmondes, Sir  Thomas, 1563-1639,  a  distinguished 
English  statesman.  See  a  number  of  his  Letters  and  ab- 
stracts from  others  in  Dr.  Birch's  Hist.  View  of  the  Nego- 
tiations between  the  Courts  of  England,  France,  and  Brus- 
sels, 1692-1617,  in  Birch's  Memoirs  of  Queen  Elizabeth, 
and  in  Lodge's  Illustrations  of  British  History. 

Edmonds,  Charles.     See  Canning,  Geoi!ge. 

Edmonds,  Cyrus  R.  1.  Life  and  Times  of  General 
George  Washington,  Lon.,  1835,  2  vols.  ISmo;  1839,  2  vols. 
ISmo.  2.  Introduc.  to  Leland's  View  of  Deistieal  Writers, 
Lon.,  1837,  Svo. 

Edmonds,  John.  Wisdom  of  Providence,  Lon.,  1761, 
Svo. 

Edmonds,  Judge  John  W.,  and  George  T.  Dex- 
ter, M.D.  Spiritualism;  with  an  Appendix  by  Nathaniel 
P.  Tallmadge,  New  York,  1853-55,  2  vols.  Svo". 

Edmonds,  T.     4th  Commandment.  Ac,  1801. 

Edniondson,  Christopher.     Serm.,  1664,  12mo. 

Edmoudson,  Henry,  1607-1659.  Fellow  of  Queen's 
Coll.,  Oxf.     Lingua  Linguarum,  Lon.,  1655,  Svo.     Homo- 


nvma  et  Synonyma  Linguee  Latinte  conjuncta  et  distincta. 
1661. 

Edmondson,  J.     Prodigies,  Lon.,  1710,  fol. 

Edmonson,  Jonathan,  Wesleyan  minister.  Chris- 
tian Ministry,  Lon.,  1828,  12mo. 

"  A  very  valuable  and  judicious  manual,  more  especially  adapted 
to  the  use  of  junior  preachers  among  the  Wesleyan  .Methodists." 

Revealed  Religion,  1839,  12mo.  Short  Serms.,  6th  ed., 
1845,  2  vols.  12mo.  Heavenly  World,  3d  ed.,  1850,  ISmo. 
Self-Government,  4th  ed.,  1852, 12mo.  J.  D.  and  R.  Treffry ; 
Serms.  on  the  Holy  Ghost.  12mo. 

Edmondson,  or  Edmonson,  Joseph,  d.  1786,  ori- 
ginally  a  barber,  was  in  1764  appointed  Mowbray-Herald 
Extraordinary.  1.  Hist.  Account  of  the  Greville  Family, 
Lon.,  1766,  Svo.  2.  Companion  to  the  Peerage  of  Great 
Britain  and  Ireland,  1776,  Svo.  3.  A  Complete  Body  of 
Heraldry,  1780,  2  vols.  fol.  In  the  first  of  these  vols.  Ed- 
mondson had  the  valuable  assistance  of  Sir  Joseph  Aylotfo, 
Bart.  The  2d  vol.  consists  of  an  Alphabet  of  Arms,  which 
contains  upwards  of  50,000  coats,  crests,  Ac.  4.  Barona- 
gium  Genealogicum ;  or.  Pedigree  of  English  Peers,  1764- 
84,  6  vols.  fol.  In  this  work,  also,  Sir  Joseph  Aylofi'e  ren- 
dered assistance.  Marquis  of  Townshend,  1064,  £18  ISa. 
Large  paper,  Duke  of  York,  1988,  £26  16s.  6(;.  There  is  a 
copy  in  the  British  Museum,  with  MS.  notes  and  additions 
by  F.  Ilargrave.  When  possible,  there  should  stand  next 
to  this  work  on  the  shelf  the  Five  Reports  from  the  Lords 
Committee  touching  the  Dignity  of  a  Peer  of  the  Realm, 
Ac,  edit,  1829.  6  vols.  fol. ;  containing  the  copious  Indexes 
and  the  5th  Appendix,  "Patents  of  Creations,  and  Instru- 
ments affording  evidence  of  Creation."  6.  Tables  of  Pre- 
cedency, (1764,)  ISmo,  pp.  14,  all  engraved.  6.  The  Pre- 
sent Peerages.  1785,  Svo,  pp.  428,  with  S6  plates. 

Edmons,  Thomas.  To  Free-Masons,  Lon.,  1766,8vo. 

Edmoustone,  Sir  Arch.,  Bart.  1.  Journey  to  two  of 
the  Oases  of  Upper  Egypt,  Lon.,  1822,  Svo.  A  valuable 
work  to  the  antiquary.  The  most  remote  of  these  oases 
had  never  before  been  visited  by  a  European.  2.  Christian 
Gentleman's  Daily  Walk,  3d  ed.,  1850,  12mo.  3.  Progress 
of  Religion;  a  Poem,  1842,  12mo.  Meditations  in  Verse 
for  Sundays  and  Holidays,  1853,  ISmo. 

Edmoustone, Arthur,M.D.  Ophthalmia,  Lon.,  1802, 
Svo;  Treatise  on  ditto,  Edin.,  1806,  Svo.  View  of  the  An- 
cient and  Present  State  of  the  Zetland  Islands,  1809,  2 
vols.  Svo. 

"  Dr.  E.  is  a  native  of  these  islands,  and  has  long  resided  there : 
perhaps,  if  these  favourable  circumstances  had  been  aided  by  a 
sounder  judgment,  a  better  taste,  and  more  knowledge,  this  work 
would  have  been  improved.  As  it  is,  it  may  advantageously  be 
consulted  for  what  relates  to  the  civil,  political,  and  natural  his- 
tory, agriculture,  tisheries.  and  commerce,  antiquities,  manners, 
i'c,  of  these  islands.'' — StevensorCs  Vuyaffes  and  Trai-els. 

"  Upon  the  whole,  the  book  is  bad ;  and  though  it  does  state 
some  liicts  that  ought  to  be  generally  known,  bears  evident  marks 
not  only  of  haste  and  carelessness,  but  of  absolute  and  utter  igno- 
rance of  the  otiject  it  affects  to  discuss." — Edin.  Rn-icxv. 

Edmoustone,  Wm.  Prevention  of  an  Evil  Injurious 
to  He;iUh,  Lon.,  1782,  Svo.  The  Reviewers  Corrected, 
1785,  Svo. 

Edmund,  St.,  Archbishop  of  Canterbury,  d.  1242,  a 
native  of  Abingdon,  Berkshire,  was  educated  at  the  Uni- 
versity of  Paris  and  University  CoU.,  Oxf.  He  is  said  to 
have  been  the  first  who  taught  logic  at  Oxford.  He  was 
consecrated  Archbishop  of  Canterbury  in  1234  ;  went  into 
voluntary  exile,  and  died  at  Soissy.  He  left  many  writ- 
ings; see  Speculum  Ecclesi<e  :  Bibb  Max. Pair.,  xxv.  316: 
Liber  Miraculorum  B.  Eadmundi  Orienbalium  Anglorum 
regis,  auctore  anonymo :  Martene  et  Durand  Collectio,  vi. 
821. 

Edmund  de  Hadenham,  Monk  of  Rochester.  An- 
nales  Ecclesije  Roffensis,  804  ad  1307.  See  Wharton's 
Anglia  Sacra,  i.  327. 

Edmunds,  John.  Village  Serms.,  1st  series,  Lon., 
1851;  2d  series,  1853,  12mo. 

"  They  are  plain,  scriptural,  and  practical.'' — Lfin.  Chris.  Tima. 

Edmunds,  Richard.  Solicitor's  Guide.  Pleas  in 
Exchequer,  Lon.,  1794,  Svo. 

Edmundson,  Wm.  A  Journal  of  his  Life,  Travels, 
Sufferings,  and  Labour  of  Love  in  the  work  of  the  Minis- 
try, Lon.,  1774,  Svo. 

Edridge,  Mrs.  Rebecca.  The  Lapse  of  Time;  a 
Poem,  1802,  4to.  The  Highest  Castle  and  Lowest  Cave; 
aNovel,  3vols.  12mo.  TheScrinium;  a  Collection  of  Tales, 
2  vols.  12mo. 

"  We  would  sum  np  our  whole  review  of  the  Scrinium  by  say- 
ing that  it  is.  except  the  Sketch-Book,  [by  Washington  Irving,]  the 
best  miscellaneous  prose-work  of  its  kind  which  has  come  under 
our  notice." — Lon.  Literary  Register,  July  6,  1822. 

Edward  VI.,  King  of  England,  1538-1553,  son 
of  Henry  VIII.  aud  Jane  Seymour,  succeeded  to  the  throne 

643 


EDW 


EDW 


in  1547,  at  the  aj;c  often  years.  Injuncions  geven  by  Kynge 
Edward  ye  Sixtc,  1574,  4to.  Conference  with  the  Lord- 
Admiral."  Proceedings  in  Council.  Arguments  against  the 
Pope's  Supremacy,  16S2.  Ilolland  declares  that  the  king 
composed  a  "most  elegant  comedy,"  entitled  The  Whore 
of  Babylon.     His  Diary,  a  Journal,  was  pub.  by  Burnet. 

Edward,  Bowyer,  Lord  Bishop  of  Ely.  Serm., 
ISUI.     Ditto,  ISIO.     A  Charge,  181.3. 

Edward,  J.,  LL.D.  Report  of  Decisions  H.  Ct.  of 
Admiralty  rel.  to  Vessels  under  Brit.  Licenses,  1812. 

Edwardes,  Herbert  Benjamin,  Major  in  the 
E.  I.  Co.'s  Service,  b.  1820.  at  Frodesley,  Shropshire,  has 
distinguished  himself  in  India,  and  is  now  commissioner 
at  Peshawur.  An  account  of  some  of  the  most  important 
events  of  his  life  will  be  found  in  his  work  entitled  A  Year 
on  the  Punjaub  Frontier  in  1848-49,  Lon.,  1851,  2  vols.  8vo. 
Edwards.  OtbaandRutha;  a  Dram.  Tale,  1781, 12mo. 
Edwards,  Archdeacon,  of  St.  Mary's  Church,  Bre- 
con.    Serm.,  Lon.,  ISOl,  4to. 

Edwards,  Bela  B.,  late  Professor  at  Andover,  was 
well  known  as  the  author  of  a  Biography  of  Self-Taught 
Men,  Eclectic  Reader,  co-editor  of  Bibliotheea  Sacra,  con- 
tributor to  Ancient  Literature  and  Art,  Ac.  A  collection  of 
his  writings,  with  a  Memoir  by  his  late  colleague,  Professor 
Park,  was  pub.  in  1853,  Boston,  2  vols.  12mo. 

Edivards,  Bryan,  M.P.,  1743-1 800,  a  native  of  West- 
bury,  Wiltshire,  resided  for  some  years  in  the  West  Indies. 
He  pub.  several  treatises  on  W.  India  questions,  but  his 
principal  work  is  The  History,  Civil  and  Ecclesiastical,  of 
the  British  Colonics  in  the  West  Indies,  Lon.,  1793,  2  vols. 
4to;  2d  ed.,  1794,  2  vols.  4to;  vol.  iii.,  with  plates,  1801, 
4to.  This  last  vol.,  which  consists  chiefly  of  Tracts,  for- 
merly pub.  in  a  separate  form,  was  edited  by  Sir  William 
Young.  It  also  includes  Edwards's  History  of  St.  Domingo, 
(first  pub.  in  1791,  4to,)  and  a  Memoir  of  his  early  life, 
written  by  himself,  5th  ed.,  1819,  5  vols.  8vo,  and  one  4to 
vol.  of  plates;  vols.  iv.  and  v.  now  first  pub.,  considered 
inferior  to  their  predecessors.  An  abridgment  of  the  first 
three  vols,  was  pub.  in  1794,Lon.,2  vols.  8vo,aud  in  1799, Svo. 
"The  History  of  the  West  Indies  is  well  entitled  to  the  popu- 
larity it  has  long  enjoyed.  The  subject  is  varied  and  interesting; 
and  though  written  in  rather  an  ambitious  style,  with  a  strong 
bias  in  favour  nf  llie  old  tolonial  system,  and  a  disposition  to  ex- 
tenuate the  cruilliis  that  were  too  often  inflicted  on  the  slaves.  It 
is  a  most  valuaMi  addilinu  to  our  historical  library.  But  the  con- 
tinuation, we  are  sorry  to  say,  is  quite  unworthy  of  the  original 
work  and  of  the  subject;  and  we  do  not  know  th.tt  any  better  ser- 
Tice  could  be  done  to  colonial  and  commercial  literature  than  to 
publish  an  edition  of  Edwards's  work  that  should  complete  the 
history  and  continue  it  to  the  present  time." — JUcCtilloch^s  Lit.  of 
Polit.  EconOTH]/. 

**  This  work  justly  bears  an  excellent  character,  and  is  very  full 
and  minute  on  almost  every  topic  connected  with  these  islands." — 
Stevenson's  Voyages  and  Travds. 

In  1795,  Mr.  Wm.  Preston,  of  Dublin,  addressed  a  Letter 
to  Bryan  Edwards,  Esq.,  containing  obscrv.  on  some  pas- 
sages of  his  Hist,  of  the  West  Indies.  Mr.  P.  attacks  Ed- 
wards as  an  apologist  for  slavery. 

Of  the  History  of  St.  Domingo,  already  noticed,  a  2d  ed. 
was  pub.  separately  in  1797,  4to.  This  work  is  commended 
"  For  the  highly-important  tacts  and  observations  which  it  con- 
tains, for  the  ability  displayed  in  their  arrangement,  and  for  the 
strongly  expressive,  correct,  and  often  beautiful  language  in  which 
they  are  conveyed  to  the  reader's  understanding." — L&n.  Monthly 
Eevkvj. 

Mr.  Edwards  pub.  in  1798 — not  intended  for  sale — Pro- 
ceedings of  the  Association  for  promoting  the  Discovery 
of  the  interior  parts  of  Africa,  Ac,  4to.  A  vol.  of  his 
Poems  also  was  privately  printed. 

Edwards,  C'arolus.  Hanes  y  Ffydd  et  Hebraismo- 
mm  Cambro-Britannicorum  Specimen.,0.xon.,  1671,  Svo; 
1675,  410. 

Edwards,  Charles,  b.  1797,  in  England,  counsellor- 
at-law  in  the  city  of  New  York.     The  Juryman's  Guide  for 
the  State  of  New  Y'ork.  N.  Y'ork,  1831,  Svo.     Parties  to 
Bills  and  other  Pleadings  "     Chancery,  Albany,  1832,  Svo. 
Feathers  from  my  own  "SVings ;  Poems  and  Tales,  N.  York, 
1833,  12mo.      Receivers   in   Chancery;  1839,  Svo;  1840. 
Reports  of  Chancery  Cases,  1st  Circuit,  St.  of  New  Y^ork, 
1831-45,  4  vols.  Svo.     History  and  Poetry  of  Finger  Rings, 
1855,  12mo.     A  curious  and  interesting  volume. 
Edwards,  D.     Serms.,  Ac,  Lon.,  1770,  '76. 
Edwards,  E.     Twenty-one  Serms.,  Lon.,  1838, 12mo. 
Edwards,  E.,  of  the  British  Museum.     Fine  Arts  in 
England,  their  State  and  Prospects  considered  relatively 
to  National  Education,  Lon.,  1840,  Svo. 

Edwards,  Edward,  M.D.     Analysis  of  Chirvrgery, 
Lon.,  1636,  4to.     The  Cvre  of  all  sorts  of  Fevers,  1638,  4to. 
The  Whole  Art  of  Chirvrgery,  1C39,  4to. 
Edwards,  Edward.     Serm.,  1759,  Svo. 

Hi 


Edwards,  Edward.  Zcnophontis,  .tc,  Lon.,  1785. 
Serm.,  1794,  4to.  Brown  Willis's  Survey  of  St.  Asaph, 
enlarged  and  brought  down  to  the  present  time;  with  the 
Life  of  the  Author,  Appendices,  Ac,  1801,  '02,  2  vols.  Svo. 
Edwards,  Edward,  1738-1806,  teacher  of  perspec- 
tive in  the  Royal  Academy.  Treatise  of  Perspective,  Lon., 
1SII3,  4to;  1806,  4to.  Anecdotes  of  Painters  who  have  re- 
sided or  been  born  in  England,  1808,  4ti).  Intended  as  a 
continuation  of  Walpole's  Anecdotes  of  Painting.  Some 
copies  .are  on  large  paper,  r.  4to. 

Edw'ards,  Edward.  Mcmoirsof  Libraries,  together 
with  a  Practical  Hand-Book  of  Library  Economy,  2  vols, 
r.  Svo  ;  50  co])ics  on  large  paper,  imp.  Svo.  This  valuable 
work,  on  which  Mr.  Edwards  has  been  employed  for  some 
years,  is  now  (1858)  being  prepared  for  publication.  To 
Mr.  Edwards  we  are  also  indebted  for  the  Account  of  Ame- 
rican Libraries  in  N.  Triibner's  Bibliographical  Guide  to 
American  Literature,  1858,  Svo,  and  for  the  article  "News- 
papers" in  Encyc.  Brit,  vol.  xvL,  Sth  ed.,  1858. 

Edwards,  Frederic.  Laws  of  Gaming,  Horse  Rac- 
ing, and  Wages,  Lon.,  1839,  12mo. 

Edwards,  G.  C.  Powers  and  Duties  of  Justices  of 
the  Peace  and  Town  OfBcers  in  the  State  of  New  York,  4th 
ed.  by  D.  McMaster,  Ithaca,  1840,  Svo. 

Edwards, George,  1694-1773,  an  eminent  naturalist, 
travelled  in  Holland,  Norway,  and  France,  in  pursuit  of 
his  favourite  study.  Natural  History  of  Birds,  and  of 
some  other  rare  and  undescribed  Animals,  Quadrupeds, 
Reptiles,  Fishes,  Insects,  Ac,  Lon.,  1743,  '47,  '50,  '51,  4 
vols.  4to.  It  contains  figures  and  descriptions  of  216  birds, 
and  40  beasts  and  reptiles.  Gleanings  of  Natural  History, 
1758,  '60,  '63;  50  copper-plates,  exhibiting  70  birds,  Ac 
Considered  as  a  continuation  of  the  preceding  work.  The 
7  vols,  are  generally  sold  together.  A  new  edit,  of  the  7 
vols,  was  pub.  1802-06,  with  362  coloured  plates,  r.  4to, 
£30;  large  paper,  folio,  £50.  Essays  upon  Natural  His- 
tory, Ac,  1770,  Svo.  See  Memoirs  of  Edwards's  Life  and 
Works,  1776,  4to.  Some  papers  of  Mr.  E.'s  on  natural 
history  will  be  found  in  Phil.  Trans.,  1754,  '55,  '57,  '60, 
'63,  '65,  '71.  Edwards  revised  a  new  edit,  of  Catesbj's 
Nat.  Hist,  of  Carolina,  Ac.     See  Catesby,  M.irk. 

"Edwarils's  works  are  assuredly  the  most  valuable  on  gener,-!! 
ornitlinlnu'v  tb;tt  have  ever  appeared  in  England.  No  zoological 
li!iiai\  vlii'iilil  i,e  without  them.'" — Swainso.n, 

Edwards,  George.  Elements  of  Fossilogy,  Lon., 
1776,  Svo.     His  Adventures,  1751,  12mo. 

Edwards,  George,  M.D.  Perfection  of  6.  Britain, 
Lon.,  17S7,  2  vols.  4to;  Regeneration  of  do.,  1790,  2  vols. 
4to.  Diseases  of  the  Human  Body,  1791,  4to.  Dr.  Ed- 
wards wrote  other  works  on  politics,  political  economy,  Ac 

Edwards,  Henry.  A  Collection  of  Remarkable  Cha- 
rities and  Old  English  Customs,  Lon.,  1842,  p.  Svo. 

Edwards,  Henry,  D.D.,  LL.D.  Piety  and  Intellect 
relatively  estimated,  Lon.,  1843;  4th  ed.,  1S52,  12mo. 

Illustrations  of  the  Wisdom  and  Benevolence  of  tho 
Deity.  1845,  sq. 

"  a'  little  excursion  in  the  track  of  Paley  and  the  broad  road  of 
the  Bridgewater  Treatises." — Lon.  Lit.  Gazette. 

Marriage;  a  Poem  in  Four  Cantos,  3d  ed.,  1843,  fp.  Svo. 

"This  poem  will  be  greatly  admired  by  the  ladies." — TaiVs  Edin. 

Man- 

Dr.  Edwards  has  pub.  several  other  theolog.  and  poetical 

works. 

Edwards,  James.  TabulajDistantiae,  Dorking,  17S9, 
4to.  Companion  from  London  to  Brighthelmston,  Lon., 
1801,  4to. 

Edwards,  John,  D.D.,  1637-1716,  a  Calvinist  divine, 
a  native  of  Hertford,  Fellow  of  St.  John's  Coll.,  Camh. ; 
minister  of  Trinity  Church,  Camh.,  1664;  preferred  to  St. 
Peter's  Church,  Colchester,  about  1676;  removed  to  Cam- 
bridge, 1697.  He  was  a  son  of  Thomas  Edwards,  author 
of  Gaugraena,  Ac.  He  pub.  many  serms.  and  theolog. 
works,  some  of  which  we  notice :  An  Inquiry  into  four 
remarkable  Texts  of  the  N.  Test,  Lon.,  1692,  Svo;  a  farther 
Inquiry,  1692,  Svo.  Authority,  Style,  and  Perfection  of 
the  Books  of  the  Old  and  New  Test.,  1693-96,  3  vols.  Svo. 
Excercitationcs,  Critical,  Philosophical,  Historical,  and 
Theological,  1702,  Svo. 

"Much  acuteuess.  learning,  and  piety  in  these  writings,  [the 
three  last-named  works.]" — Bickersteth's  Cttristiayi  Student. 

The  Preacher;  three  parts,  1705,  '06,  '09. 

"  ."^ome  useful  remarks,  though  with  severity,  on  several  writers. 
He  was  answered  by  Robert  Lightfunt.  which  led  to  a  vindication 
and  a  riyoinder." — Bielcerstet/t's  Cfiri.'ilian  .'<fu<hnf. 

Veritas  Redux;  or,  Evangelical  Truths  Restored,  1707, 
Svo. 

"  Takes  the  opposite  views  to  'WbHhy."—Bichersteth's  C.  S. 

Thcologia  Roformata.  or  the  Substance  and  Body  of  tho 
Christian  Religion,  1713,  2  vols.  fol.     Vol.  iii.  (very  rare) 


EDW 


EDW 


puK  after  his  death,  in  172r),  fol     Another  ed.,  1733-43, 
3  vols.  ful. 

'*  Edwards's  Theologia  Reforuiata  will  be  no  contemptible  trea- 
sure for  jou  on  all  orc;ision>." — }fat!tiT's  Student. 

He  wrote  several  pieces  against  Locke's  Reasonableness 
of  Christianity.  Pathologia  (in  his  Remains,  1713,  8vo.} 
Edwards  here  takes  the  same  view  as  Daillio.  See  other 
publications  of  this  excellent  author  in  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit. 
He  did  not  hesitate  to  criticize  the  opinions  of  Whiston, 
Locke,  AVhitl)y,  and  Samuel  Clarke. 

*'  It  is  impnssii>le  to  peruse  any  of  the  writings  of  Edwards  with- 
out bein;i  pliMsed  with  the  earnestness  with  whirh  the  writer  de- 
voted himself  to  the  interpretation  of  the  Scriptures.  lit;  was  a 
man  of  piety  and  considerable  learning,  and  by  no  means  destitute 
of  acuteuess.  A  very  great  number  of  difficult  passages  are  ex- 
amined in  the  above  works.  [The  Inquiry.  Style,  and  Perfection  of 
the  0.  and  N.  Test,  and  Kxceroitatinns,  ;;iiiil  Ii.- must  be  no  ordinary 
scholar  who  does  not  find  instructiim  in  tlnm." — Ormc's  Bihl.  Bib. 

"That  he  was  a  man  of  extensive  k^iruing  cannot  be  denied; 
and  in  the  materials  from  whieh  we  have  dra.%vn  uji  this  article,  he 
is  said  tn  have  been  the  Paul,  the  Augustine,  the  lir.iwardine,  the 
Cahin  of  his  age." —  Dr.    Kippis  :   Bing.  Brit.,  q.  v. 

"  Edwards  was  a  voluminous  writer  of  a  controversial  spirit,  who 
pointed  out  and  endeavoured  touheck  the  departure  from  reforma- 
tion priuciples  in  his  time,  but  not  in  the  spirit  that  would  com- 
mend liis  sentiments." — Biclrrstfth''s  C  S. 

EdAVards,  John.  British  Herbal,  Lon..  1770,  fob; 
1775.  With  100  col'd  plates  of  flowers  which  blow  in  the 
open  air  of  G.  Britain,  with  de.scriptious  and  manner  of 
cultivation. 

Edwards,  John.     Scrms.,  Lon.,  1773,  Svo. 

Edwards,  John.  Goose  Grass  for  Scurvy,  Lon., 
1784,  8vo. 

Edwards,  John.  The  Patriot  Soldier;  aPoem,  17S4, 
4to.  Kathleen,  1808,  4to.  Abradatesand  Panthea;  aTra- 
gedy,  1808,  8vo.     Interests  of  Ireland,  1815. 

Edwards,  John.     Sernis.,  Ac.  Lou.,  1791-1806. 

Edwards,  Jonathan,  D.D.,  16;;9-1712,  a  native  of 
Wrexham,  Denhin;h.shire,  entered  Christ  Church,  Oxford, 
1655;  Fellowof.TesusColl.,lG62;  Rectoroflviddingtou,  Ox- 
fordshire, which  (in  1681)  he  exchanged  for  Ilinton,  Hamp- 
shire; Principal  of  Jesus  Coll.,  1686.  Remarks  upon  Dr. 
Sherlock's  Examination  of  the  Oxford  Decree,  Ac,  Oxf., 
1695,  4to ;  anon.  A  Preservative  against  Socinianism,  in  4 
parts;  with  an  Index  by  Mr.T.Hearne,  Oxf., 1698-1703,  4to. 

"  Valuabk'  and  satislactury." — Bicker.'iteth's  Chris.  StKdent. 

On  the  2d  Article,  1702.  A  Vindication  of  the  Doctrine 
of  Original  Sin,  Oxf.,  1711,  8vo.  This  is  against  Dr.  Daniel 
Whitby. 

EdAvards,  Jonathan,  1703-1758,  an  eminent  meta- 
physician ami  divine,  was  born  on  the  5th  of  October,  at 
Windsor,  in  the  province  of  Connecticut.  His  ancestors, 
who  were  English,  emigrated  to  America  in  the  reign  of 
Queen  Elizabeth.  His  father,  Ilev.  Timothy  Edwards,  was 
pastor  of  a  church  in  Windsor  for  sixty  years.  In  1716 
Jonathan  became  a  student  of  Yale  College,  where  he  re- 
ceived the  degree  of  B,A.  in  his  seventeenth  year.  He 
evinced  at  an  early  age  that  love  for  metaphysical  studies 
which  was  the  principal  characteristic  of  his  very  remark- 
able intellect.  When  only  thirteen,  he  read  Locke  On 
the  Human  Understanding,  with  a  keener  delight  than  a 
"miser  feels  when  gathering  up  handfuls  of  silver  and  gold 
from  some  newly-discovered  treasure."  In  1722  he  was 
licensed  to  preach,  and  exercised  his  ministry  for  eight 
months  in  the  city  of  New  York;  his  congregation  being 
composed  of  English  Presbyterians.  Returning  home  in 
the  spring  of  1723,  be  devoted  himself  to  his  studies.  In 
the  ensuing  spring  he  took  his  Master's  degree,  and  whilst 
at  New  Haven  was  appointed  tutor  in  Yale  College.  Tho 
duties  of  this  post  he  peribrmed  with  great  success  and 
reputation.  In  September,  1726;  he  accepted  an  invitation 
to  become  the  colleague  of  his  mother's  father,  Mr.  Stod- 
dard, in  a  church  at  Northampton.  He  was  installed  in 
February,  1727,  and  continued  the  discharge  of  his  minis- 
terial duties  in  this  post  for  twenty-four  years.  In  July  of 
this  year  he  was  married  to  Mi^^s  Sarah  Picrrepont. 

AVhilst  zealously  employed  in  his  efforts  for  the  spiritual 
improvement  of  his  charge,  Mr.  Edwards  was  pained  to 
find  that  some  young  men  of  the  congregation  had  im- 
ported a  number  of  improper  liooks,  and  were  engaged  in 
circulating  them,  to  the  great  injury  of  good  morals.  De- 
termined to  arrest  the  evil,  he  spared  not  in  his  reproofs  a 
number  of  the  members  of  the  most  influential  families, 
who  were  known  to  be  offenders.  This  praiseworthy  zeal 
elicited  much  dislike,  which  was  increased  by  his  insisting 
on  holiness  of  life  in  all  who  approached  the  table  of  our 
Lord.  After  several  meetings  of  the  members  of  his  con- 
gregation, it  was  finally  put  to  vote  whether  he  should  con- 
tinue to  act  as  their  pastor:  it  is  melancholy  to  be  obliged 
to  state  that  this  good  man  was  ejected  by  a  majority  of  ISO. 
3J 


Mr.  Edwards  now  removed  to  Stnekbridgc,  Massachu- 
setts, where  he  preached  to  the  Indians  and  a  few  white 
hearers.  During  his  residence  at  this  station,  he  devoted 
his  leisure  hours  to  writing  his  princii)al  works.  It  was 
hero  that  ho  completed  his  design  of  preparing  a  treatise 
on  the  subject  of  Free  Will : 

''It  was  not  till  the  month  of  July,  1752.  that  he  appears  to 
have  resumed  his  studies  on  the  subject  of  free  will;  for  the  7th 
of  that  month  he  write.s  Dr.  Erskine  that  he  hoped  soon  to  be  at 
leisure  to  resume  bis  design,  and  frives  him  another  sketch  of  the 
plan  of  his  book,  in  which,  thou^'h  there  l)e  uothin";  new.  there  is 
more  than  in  that  whifh  he  had  formerly  sent  him.  ^Vhatever 
opinion  may  be  held  «ith  re^'ard  to  Mr.  Edwards's  argument,  it 
must  appear  astonishin^i;  to  tlntsi^  who  are  capable  of  appreciating 
the  difficulty  of  bis  siibj.rt,  that,  in  nine  months  fiom  the  date  of 
this  letter,  on  the  14tb  of  April,  1753.  he  could  wiite  I)r.  Erskine 
that  he  had  almost  tinished  tht-  tirst  drau;.^ht  of  what  he  originally 
intended.  thout,'h  he  was  under  the  necessity  of  delaying  the  pub- 
lication till  he  knew  the  result  of  proposals  which  be  bad  circulated 
for  printing  his  book  by  subscription.  This  book  was  published 
in  1754;  and,  thouch  he  bad  made  some  progress  in  i>reparing  his 
materials  before  he  left  Northampton,  was  certainly  written,  and 
nearly  completed,  within  the  time  ascertained  by  the  two  letters 
referred  to,  and  must  be  admitted  to  convey  a  very  striking  idea 
bothofhisment;il  resources  and  of  bis  literary  ardour." — Sir  IIenri 
MoNCPlEFF:    Wellu'vod's  Lift:  of  Dr.  Er shine. 

In  1757,  on  the  death  of  his  son-in-law,  the  Rev.  Aaron 
Burr,  (father  of  Aaron  Burr,  afterwards  Vice-President 
of  the  United  States,)  Mr.  Edwards  was  chosen  his  suc- 
cessor as  President  of  the  College  of  New  Jersey,  at  Prince- 
ton. This  unexpected  call  found  him  deeply  engaged  in 
projecting  several  extensive  theological  works,  among 
which  were,  A  History  of  the  AVork  of  Redemption,  and  a 
Harmony  of  the  Old  and  New  Testaments.  Guided  by  the 
counsel  of  several  judicious  friends,  he  accepted  the  prof- 
fered office,  and  removed  to  Princeton  in  .January,  1758. 
On  the  16th  of  the  nest  month  he  assumed  the  duties  of 
the  presidency,  froui  which  he  was  removed  by  death  on 
the  22d  of  March  ensuing.  His  death  was  caused  by  an 
attack  of  the  small-pox.  then  prevailing  in  the  town.  Mr. 
Edwards  had  been  inoculated  about  a  month  before  his 
decease. 

His  Treatise  on  Original  Sin,  in  answer  to  Dr.  Taylor, 
of  Norwich,  was  finished  in  the  year  before  his  death.  It 
is  said  that  even  Taylor  acknowledged  that  he  was  defeated. 
The  excellent  Treatise  on  the  Religious  AflTections,  pub. 
1746,  has  been  highly  commended  as  one  of  the  best  ever 
penned  upon  this  most  important  theme.  In  addition  to 
these  works,  Mr.  Edwards  published  i^ermons,  1731,  '34, 
'38.  '41,  '44,  '46,  '52,  A  Narrative  of  the  Work  of  God  in 
the  Conversion  of  many  hundred  souls  in  Northampton,  in 
173G.  Thoughts  on  the  Revival  of  Religion,  1742.  An 
Attempt  to  Promote  Agreement  in  Prayer  for  the  Revival 
of  Religion,  1746.  Life  of  D.  Braincrd,  1746.  An  In- 
quiry into  tho  Qualifications  for  full  Comniuiiiun  in  the 
Church,  1749.  A  Reply  to  S.  Williams's  Answer  to  the  In- 
quiry, 1752.  After  his  death,  there  were  pul>lished  from 
his  MSS.  18  Sermons  {with  his  life)  by  Dr.  Hopkins,  1765; 
The  History  of  Redemption,  1774;  On  the  Nature  of  True 
Virtue,  1788;  God's  Last  End  in  the  Creation;  33  Ser- 
mons; 20  Sermons,  1789;  Miscellaneous  Observations, 
1793;  Miscellaneous  Remarks,  1796. 

Mr.  Edwards's  principal  work,  A  Careful  and  Strict  In- 
quiry into  the  modern  prevailing  notion  that  Freedom  of 
Will  is  supposed  to  be  essential  to  Moral  Agency,  is  un- 
doubtedly the  great  bulwark  of  Calvinistic  theology.  As  an 
intellectual  production,  it  proves  its  author  to  have  been 
one  of"  the  greatest  metaphysicians  that  the  world  has  ever 
seen.    We  have  many  testimonies  to  support  this  assertion ; 

"  I  consider  .lonathan  Kdwards  the  grcite.'^t  of  the  sous  of  men. 
He  ranks  with  the  brightest  Inminaries  of  the  Christian  church, 
not  excluding  any  country,  or  any  age,  since  the  apostolic." — Ro- 
bert Hall. 

"That  great  master-mind.  Jonathan  Edwards,  whose  close- 
sighted  observation,  clear  jndgment,  and  unbending  faithfulness, 
were  of  the  very  highest  order."— 1>R.  J.  PvE  Smitu. 

Dr.  Erskine  very  happily  groups  together  the  characte- 
ristics of  our  author: 

''.lonathan  Edwards  was  remarkable  for  the  penetration  and 
ext^ent  of  his  understanding,  for  bis  powers  of  criticism  and  accu- 
rate distinction,  quickness  of  thought,  solidity  of  judgment,  and 
force  of  reasoning.  .  .  He  very  early  discovered  a  genius  above  ths 
ordinary  size,  which  gradually  ripened  and  expanded  by  daily 
exertion  and  application.  By  nature  he  was  formed  for  a  logician 
and  a  metaphysician;  but,  by  speculation,  observation,  and  con- 
verse, greatly  improved.  JIo  had  a  good  insight  into  tho  whole 
circle  of  liberal  arts  aud  sciences:  pos6es.sed  a  very  valuable  stock 
of  classical  learning,  jihilosophy,  mathematics,  history,  and  chro- 
nology." 

Dr.  Erskine,  an  excellent  judge  of  men  and  books,  in- 
troduced several  of  our  author's  writings  to  the  British 
public,  '*and  declared  that  he  did  not  think  our  age  had 
produced  a  divine  of  equal  judgment  or  genius." 

543 


EDW 


EDW 


"Jonathan  Edwards  is  a  writer  of  great  originality  and  piety. 
and  with  extraordinary  mental  powers.  lie  in  fact  cuuimenced  a 
new  and  hijiher  school  in  divinity,  to  which  mnny  subsequent 
writers,  Erskine.  Fuller,  Newton,  Scdtt,  Kyland,  the  Milners, 
Dwiglit,  and  indeed  the  great  body  of  evangelical  authors  who 
have  since  lived,  have  been  indebted." — ItKV.  E.  IJjrKKKSTETH. 

Dugald  Stewart,  after  noticing  CulUns's  controversj  with 
Clarke,  remarks  that 

"It  is  remarkable  how  completely  Collins  has  anticipated  Dr. 
Jonjitlian  Edwards,  the  most  celebrated,  and  indisputably  the 
ablest,  champion  of  the  scheme  of  Necessity  who  has  since  ap- 
peared.'' 

The  reader  will  hardly  expect  us  to  voluntarily  engulf 
ourselves  in  this  whirlpool  of  metaphygics,  wherein  the 
■wits  of  many  great,  many  wise,  many  valiant  men  have 
been  so  completely  wrecked.  Baron  de  Grimm,  indeed, 
cut  the  Gordian  knot  without  ceremony,  but  we  doubt  if 
bis  noble  auditor,  the  Duko  of  Saxe  Gotha,  received  much 
either  of  instruction  or  edification  from  the  baron's  decla- 
mation;  and  certain  we  are  that  it  would  require  more 
than  Diderot's  letter  to  reconcile  us  to  Diderot's  philosophy. 

Sir  James  Mackintosh,  who  whilst  at  college  had  de- 
bated with  his  friend  Robert  Hall  "almost  every  import- 
ant position  in  Edwards  on  the  Will,"  thus  speaks  of  him 
in  later  years: 

-'This  remarkable  man,  Iho  me ti physician  of  America,  was 
formed  among  the  Calvinists  of  New  England,  when  their  sb?rn 
doctrine  retained  its  vigorous  authority.  His  power  of  subtile 
argument,  perhaps  unmatched,  certainly  unsurpassed  among 
men,  was  joined,  as  in  some  of  the  ancient  Mystics,  with  a  charac- 
ter which  raised  his  piety  to  fervour.  lie  embraced  their  doctrine, 
probably  without  knowing  it  to  be  theirs.  -True  religion,'  says 
he,  ■  in  a  great  measure,  consists  in  holy  affections.' . .  .  His  ethical 
theory  is  contained  in  his  Dissertatirm  on  the  Nature  of  True  Vir- 
tue; and  in  another,  On  God's  chipf  End  in  the  Creation.  ...  As 
tar  as  Edwards  confines  himself  to  created  beings,  and  while  his 
theory  is  perfectly  intelligible,  it  coincides  with  that  of  universal 
henevolence,  hereafter  to  be  considered."  See  2d  Prelim.  Dissert, 
to  Eucyc.  Brit. 

The  other  young  philosopher — -the  college  friend  of  Sir 
James,  who  rose  to  as  great  distinction  in  another  sphere — 
that  most  eloquent  orator,  Robert  Hall,  always  retained 
his  reverence   for  Edwards.     His  acquaintance  with  his 
writings  commenced  at  even  an  earlier  period  than  those  1 
happy  days  when  the  two  friends  debated  so  keenly,  yet  I 
amicably,  amidst  the  picturesque  scenery  of  the  banks  of 
tho  Don.     Dr.  Gregory  assures  us  that  when  Robert  Hall  i 
was  as  yet  a  mere  child,  ''  The  works  of  Jonathan  Edwards  I 
were  among  his  favourites;  and  it  is  an  ascertained  fact,  \ 
that  before  he  was  nine  years  of  age,  he  had  perused  and 
reperuscd,  with  intense  interest,  the  treatises  of  that  pro-  ' 
found  and  extraordinary'  thinker  on  the  *  Affections'  and  ■ 
on  the  'Will.'     His  regard  never  diminished;  he  for  full  i 
sixty  years  read  Jonathan  Edwards's  writings  with  undi- 
minished pleasure." 

It  is  hardly  necessary  perhaps  to  observe  that  in  quoting  ' 
these  testimonies  to  the  intellectual  greatness  of  Edwards, 
the  theological  system  of  which  he  was  so  able  an  exposi- 
tor is  not  at  all  intended  to  be  brought  under  consideration. 

"The  Treatise  on  the  Will  is  to  a  true  philosophy  of  human  na- 
ture as  the  demonstrations  of  Leibnitz  are  to  modern  mechanical 
science."' — Isaac  Tatlor. 

'■  To  theological  students  his  works  are  almost  indispensable. 
In  all  the  branches  of  theology,  didactic,  polemical,  casuistic,  ex- 
perimental, and  practical,  he  had  few  equals,  and  perhaps  no  supe- 
rior. The  number  and  variety  of  his  works  show  the  intenseness 
of  his  industry  and  the  uncommon  strength  of  his  intellectual 
powers.  The  Inquiry  into  the  Will  is  a  masterly  work,  which,  as 
a  specimen  of  exact  analysis,  of  profound  or  perfect  abstraction, 
of  conclusive  logic,  and  of  calm  discussion,  will  long  support  its 
high  reputation,  and  will  continue  to  be  used  as  a  classic  materi.al 
in  the  business  of  intellectual  education." — Lowmks's  Brit.  Lib. 

Of  this  work  the  London  Quarterly  Review  remarks : 

"  It  is  commonly  referred  to  by  nrnd-Tn  Cjilriiiists  as  containing 
both  their  sentiments  and  the  cnntnin.itiMn  of  tbi-in.  In  it  the 
metaphysical  reasonings  in  favour  nf  tin.-  ]>iv'lfstiiKition  tenets, 
produced  in  such  abundance  duiiiig  the  century  succeeding  the 
Keformation,  have  been  digested  and  brought  within  reasonable 
compass." 

The  Introductory  Essay  by  Isaac  Taylor  to  the  edition 
pub.  in  London,  1831,  has  been  highly  commended:  "It 
established  the  author's  claims  to  rank  among  the  most 
accomplished  metaphysical  writers  of  the  present  day. 
His  main  object  is  to  analyze  and  separate,  as  by  a  chemi- 
cal test,  the  different  elements  of  Edwards's  arguments, 
and  to  place  in  its  true  light,  or  to  refer  to  its  proper  de- 
partment of  science,  the  Inquiry  concerning  human  agency, 
free  will,  liberty,  and  necessity." 

"The  Inquiry  into  the  Will  is  .1  most  profound  and  acute  dis([ui- 
sitioo.  Thf^  English  Calviuists  have  produced  nothing  to  be  put 
in  competition  with  it.  .  .  .  That  extraordinary  man.  who  in  a 
metaphysical  age  or  country  would  certainly  have  been  deemed 
as  much  the  boast  of  America  as  his  greiit  countryman,  Franklin."' 
— Sir  .Tames  Mackintosh. 

The  Discourses  on  Justification  Mr.  Bickersteth  considers 
among  the  best  on  that  all-important  doctrine, 

546 


The  History  of  the  Work  of  Redemption,  which  is  a  mere  out- 
line of  what  the  author  intended,  (see  antt\)  exhibits  a  "method 
entirely  new.  Though  a  posthumous  pulilication,  it  di-'^covers  the 
same  originality  and  accuracy  of  thought  with  the  other  works  of 
the  author.'"~DR.  Wiluams. 

"It  shows  the  author's  intimate  acquaintance  with  the  plan  of 
heaven,  and  how  well  he  could  illustrate  its  progressive  develop- 
ment."— ORME. 

From  this  last-named  writer,  a  very  eminent  authority, 
we  quote  some  further  comments  on  our  great  author: 

"Jonathan  Edwards,  as  a  philosopher,  as  well  as  a  divine,  had 
few  equals,  and  no  superior,  among  his  contemporaries.  His  works 
will  live  as  long  .as  powerful  reasoning,  genuine  religion,  aud  the 
science  of  the  human  mind,  continue  to  be  objects  of  respect.  .  .  . 
The  Treatise  on  Religious  Affections  discovers  his  profound  ac- 
quaintance with  the  nature  of  genuine  religion,  and  with  all  the 
deceitful  workings  of  the  human  heart.  The  Inquiry  into  the  Free- 
dom of  the  Human  Will  displays  the  talent  of  the  author  as  a 
metaphysician,  and  his  accurate  knowledge  of  the  Arminian  aud 
Calvinistic  controversy.  His  Defence  of  the  Christian  Doctrine  of 
Original  Sin,  designed  partly  as  an  answei*  to  a  work  on  that  sub- 
ject by  Dr.  John  Taylor  of  Norwich,  discovers  the  same  high  quali- 
ties which  belong  to  his  former  works,  with  a  greater  portion  of 
excellent  critical  interpretation  of  the  Scripture.  His  style,  it  is 
to  be  regretted,  repels  many  from  the  examination  of  his  writings ; 
but  a  little  perseverance  and  attention  will  render  it  familiar  to  a 
diligent  student,  and  the  effect  of  his  close  and  convincing  reason- 
ing will  prove  eminently  beneficial  to  the  understandiug." — Bi- 
hlihthfca  Bihlica. 

"A  profound  searcher  into  the  genuine  sources  of  truth,  well 
versed  in  the  Holy  Scripture.^,  a  close  and  minute  reasoner,  a 
strenuous  defendiT  of  h'tliiiiss  and  the  rights  of  Uod;  plain  and 
perspicuous  in  his  untbod.  iiiindornfd  but  prolix  in  his  language. 
On  the  whole,  a  nin,-.t  cx'^ilbnt  wiitir.  both  practical  and  contro- 
versial."— Dr.  WiUnuna'^  Chnslian  Frmcher. 

Dr.  Jamieson  refers  to  the  respect  accorded  to  Edwards's 
powerful  work  by  both  parties  of  theologians: 

"  As  a  theological  writer,  he  occupies  the  foremost  rank  amongst 
metaphysical  divines.  His  work  on  the  Freedom  of  the  Will,  is 
universally  acknowledged  to  be  one  of  the  greatest  efforts  of  hu- 
man intellect;  and  while  he  is  regarded  by  the  Calviuists  as  the 
greatest  champion  of  the  ])hilosophical  necessity  on  which  their 
system  is  built,  the  Arminiaus  also  look  to  him  as  an  authority, 
whose  principles  and  reasoning  they  are  fnrced  to  treat  with  respect. 
Theotherworksof  Mr.  Edwards — i)nOriginalSiu,  On  the -Affections, 
The  History  of  Iledemption — be;ir  the  same  stamp  of  high  intel- 
lectual power,  and  all  enjoy  au  extensive  reputation." 

For  a  comparison  between  Bishop  Butler  and  Jonathan 
Edwards,  see  Butler,  Joseph,  in  this  volume.  A  highly- 
respected  authority  thus  advises  : 

"  Coming  on  to  modern  theological  writers,  I  recommend  you  to 
familiarize  yourselves  with  the  works  of  the  acute,  the  philosophi- 
cal, the  profound,  the  pious  Jonathan  Edwards,  and  those  of  An- 
drew Fuller.  I  know  nothing  like  the  latter  for  a  beautiful  com- 
bination of  doctrinal,  pr.actical.  and  experimental  religion.'' — 
Oiunsds  to  Students  of  Theology  on  leaving  College,  by  John  Angdl 
James. 

We  notice  the  following  editions  of  Edwards's  works: 
I.  Edit.  pub.  at  Worcester,  Mass.,  1809,  8  vols.  8vo.  (See 
No.  7.)  2.  E.lited  by  Dr.  Williams,  of  Rotherham,  Lon., 
1S17,  8  vols.  r.  Svo.  and  vols.  ix.  and  x.,  Edin.,  1847,  r.  8vo, 
£7  88.  3.  By  Edward  Hickman,  Lon.,  ls;U,  2  vols.  imp. 
Svo;  1839,  428.  4.  An  edit,  by  Dr.  Austin,  1809,  8  vols. 
5.  An  edit,  by  Dr.  Sereno  Edward  Dwight,  1830,  10  vols. 
Svo.  6.  An' edit.  pub.  in  New  York  in  4  vols.  r.  Svo,  1844. 
I  To  this  edit.  Mr.  Robert  Ogle,  of  London,  added  2  vols.  r. 
Svo,  in  1S46.  The  two  supplementary  vols,  contain  Tho 
Notes  on  the  Bible,  Miscellaneous  Observations,  Types  of 
the  Messiah,  and  17  Occasional  Sermons.  7.  A  reprint 
of  the  Worcester  edit,  was  pub.  in  N.  York  in  lS5o.  4  vols. 
Svo.  In  1852  (N.  York,  ISmo)  a  series  of  10  Lectures  on 
Charity  and  its  Fruits  was  pub.  from  President  Edwards's 
MSS.,  edited  by  the  author's  groat-grandson,  the  Rev. 
Tryon  Edwards,  D.D.,  of  New  London,  Connecticut.  Wc 
are  pleased  to  announce  that  this  gentleman,  the  trustee  of 
Edwards's  MSS.,  is  now  (I80SJ  engaged  upon  a  new  ed.  of 
the  works  of  his  distinguished  ancestor,  to  be  issued  in  Edin- 
burgh and  the  United  States  simultaneously.  We  venture 
to  express  the  hope  that  the  editor  will  not  hesit-ate  to  mako 
this  edition  as  complete  as  the  bue!itcsn  prospects  of  the  un- 
dertaking will  at  all  justify.  Few  of  the  admirers  of  Pre- 
sident Edwards  have  any  conception  of  the  vast  store  of 
his  writings  by  which  the  world  has  never  yet  had  an  oppor- 
tunity to  be  prolited.     Dr.  Tryon  Edwards  tells  us, 

•■  These  manuscripts  are  very  numerous.  The  seventeenth  cen- 
tury was  an  age  of  voluminous  authorship.  The  works  of  Bishop 
Ibill  :iinnunt  to  ten  volumes  octavo;  Lightfriot's,  to  thirteen;  Jere- 
my Taylor's,  to  fifteen;  Dr.  Goodwin's,  to  twenty;  Owen's,  totwenty- 
eizlit;  while  Baxter's  would  extend  to  some  sixty  volumes,  or 
fpini  thirty  to  forty  thousand  closely-printed  octavo  pages.  Tho 
manuscripts  of  Edwards,  if  all  published,  would  be  more  voluoii- 
nnus  than  the  works  of  any  of  these  writers,  if  possibly  the  last 
be  excepted.  And  these  manuscripts  have  been  carefully  preserved 
and  kept  together;  and  about  three  years  since  were  committed  to 
the  editor  of  this  work,  as  sole  permanent  trustee,  by  all  the  then 
surviving  graud-childreu  of  their  author." — Preface  I"  Charity  and 
its  Fruits. 

After  this  statement,  we  shall  hardly  excuse  Dr.  Edwards 


EBW 


Emv 


if  he  fail  to  add  considerably  to  the  contents  of  the  previous 
editions  of  the  works  of  his  great  iinee«tor.  In  addition 
to  the  notices  contained  in  the  works  already  referred 
to,  the  reader  must  peruse  the  biography  of  this  distin- 
guished divine  in  Middleton's  Evangel.  Biog.,  and  the 
Life,  by  Samuel  Miller,  in  Sparks's  Amer.  Biog.,  1st  series, 
viii.  1. 

Edwards,  Jonathan,  D.D.,  1745-1801,  son  of  the 
preceding,  graduated  at  the  College  of  New  Jersey,  1765; 
licensed  to  preach,  1766;  tutor  at  Princeton  College,  1767- 
69;  pastor  of  the  church  of  White  Haven  at  New  Haven, 
1769-95;  pastor  of  the  church  at  Colebrook,  in  Litchfichl 
county,  1796;  President  of  Union  Coll.,  Schenectady,  N. 
York,  1799-1801.  Dr.  Edwards  pub.  a  number  of  serms. 
and  theological  treatises,  for  a  list  of  which  see  Allen's 
Amer.  Biog.  Diet.,  and  a  collective  edit,  of  his  works  edited 
by  his  grandson,  Dr.  Tryon  Edwards.  He  was  a  contri- 
butor (signatures  I  and  0)  to  the  N.  York  Theolog.  Maga- 
zine, and  edited  from  his  father's  MSS.  The  History  of  the 
AVork  of  Redemption,  two  vols,  of  Sermons,  and  two  vols, 
of  Observations  on  important  theolog.  subjects.  Many  in- 
teresting particulars  respecting  the  second  President  Ed- 
wards— not  to  be  met  with  elsewhere — will  be  found  in  the 
Memoir  pub.  by  Dr.  Tryon  Edwards. 

*'  There  were  several  remarkable  coincidences  in  the  lives  of  Dr. 
Edwards  and  his  father.  Both  were  tutors  in  the  seminaries  in 
which  they  were  educated:  were  dismissed  on  account  of  their  re- 
ligious opinions:  were  settled  again  in  retired  situations;  were 
elected  to  the  presidentship  of  a  collepe;  and.  in  a  short  time  after 
they  were  inaugurated,  died  at  nearly  the  same  age.  They  were 
also  reniarkal'lv  similar  in  person  and  character." 

Edwards,  Joseph.     Serms.,  1731,  '36,  '43.  '50. 

Edwards,  Rev.  Joseph,  second  Master  of  King's 
College,  London,  has  pub.  a  number  of  useful  educational 
and  theolog.  works.  Some  of  the  former  were  written  in 
conjunction  with  W.  Cross  of  Queen's  Coll.,  Cambridge. 

Edwards,  Mrs.  M.  C.     Grammar,  1796,  Svo. 

Edwards,  Morgan,  1722-1795,  a  Baptist  minister,  a 
native  of  Wales,  came  to  America  in  1761.  and  became  pas- 
tor of  a  church  in  Philadelphia.  He  pub.  several  serms. 
and  theolog.  treatises,  iind  Materials  towards  a  History  of 
Baptists  of'  Penn.  and  N.  Jersey,  1792,  2  vols.  12mo. 

Edwards,  P.  H.  The  Imperial  Conspirator  Over- 
thrown:  a  serio-burlesque  performance,  ISOS,  Svo. 

Edwards,  Peter.  Candid  Reasons  for  renouncing 
the  principles  of  Antiptedobaptism,  Lon.,  1793,  Svo;  4th 
ed.,  Edin.,  1841,  12mo;   Phila.,  1S41. 

"Confining  his  attention  in  this  essay  to  a  few  principal  topics, 
he  has  produced  an  argument  of  unusual  power  and  conclusive- 
ness. It  cannot  be  overcome,  and  all  attempts  hitherto  employed 
to  set  it  aside  have  been  feeble." 

Baptism ;  being  an  address  to  Baptists  and  Ptedobaptists, 
]805,  12mo. 

Edwards,  Richard,  1523-1566?  an  early  dramatic 
writer,  educated  at  Corpus  Christi  Coll.,  and  Christ  Church, 
Oxf.,  is  best  known  as  the  designer  and  principiil  contri- 
butor to  The  Paradyse  of  Dayuty  Deuises,  and  as  the  author 
of  Damon  and  Pythias,  certainly  one  of  the  first  English 
dramas  upon  a  classical  subject.  This  tragedy — pub.  Lon., 
1570,  '71,  '82,  4to — was  acted  before  Queen  p]lizabeth  in 
1566.  Her  majesty  also  witnessed  the  performance  of 
Edwards's  Comedy  of  Palaemon  and  Arcyte  in  Christ  Ch. 
Hall,  1566.  Wood  gives  an  amusing  acount  of  the  per- 
formance, and  tells  us  that  the  cry  of  the  honnds  in  the 
hunting  of  Theseus  was  so  well  imitated,  that  some  of  the 
young  scholars 

"  Were  so  much  taken  and  surpriz'd  (supposinjr  it  had  been  real) 
that  they  cried  out.  There,  there — he's  caught,  he's  caught.  All 
which  the  queen  merrily  beholding,  said,  0  excellent!  those  boys 
in  very  truth  are  ready  to  leap  out  of  the  windows  to  follow  the 
hounds."    See  Athen.  Oxon..  Bliss's  ed..  i.  35."?. 

Besides  the  edits,  we  have  noticed  of  The  excellent 
[Tragical]  Comedie  of  two  of  the  mostefaithfullcbtFreendos 
Damon  and  Pithias,  there  is  another,  sine  anno.  The  ma- 
drigals and  other  poetical  pieces  of  Edwards  were  very 
popular.  His  **  May"  and  "I  may  not,"  the  lines  on  the 
maxim  of  Terence,  Amntttium  irrc  omorh  redintajratio  est, 
and  the  stanzas  "In  Commendation  of  Musick,"  (see  the 
first  stanza  in  Romeo  and  Juliet,)  are  compositions  of  rare 
excellence.  We  would  fain  linger  on  this  theme,  but  our 
limits  forbid.  Respecting  this  once-pupular  poet,  and  the 
Paradyse  df  Daynty  Denises,  (first  pub.  in  1576.  and  re- 
puh.  in  The  British  Bibliographer.)  the  reader  will  find 
copious  notices  in  Putteuhani's  Arteof  Eng.  Poet.;  Bliss's 
Wood's  Athen.  Oxon.;  Wood's  Annals:  Sir  E.  Brydges's 
edit,  of  Phillips's  Theatrum  Poetaruui ;  Brit.  Bibliog., 
vol.  iii. ;  Hawkins's  Hist,  of  Music:  Ellis's  Specimens 
Eng.  Poet. ;  Wartou's  Hist,  of  Eng.  Poet. ;  Biog.  Dramat. ; 
Collier's  Hist,  of  Dram.  Poet.,-  and  Drake's  .Shaksp.  and 
his  Times. 


"If  T  should  be  tbonpht  to  have  been  disprnpnrtionately  prolix 
in  speakiiit^  of  Edwaids,  1  would  be  understui..!  1.,  b.ive  partly  in- 
tended a  tribute  of  respect  to  the  memory  i-f  a  pm-t  who  is  ooe  of 
the  earlie.st  of  our  dramatic  writers  after  the  reformation  of  the 
British  stajje.  .  .  .  Edwards,  besides  that  he  was  a  writer  of  regular 
dramas,  appears  to  have  been  a  contriver  of  masques,  and  a  com- 
poser of  poetry  for  pajreants.  In  a  word,  he  united  all  those  arts 
and  accomplishments  which  minister  to  popular  pleasantry:  he 
was  the  first  fiddler,  the  most  feshionable  sonneteer,  the  readiest 
rhymer,  and  the  most  facetious  mimic  of  the  court.'" — WartoiVs 
Hist,  of  Kiig.  Poetry. 

Edwards,  Richard.  River  Neen,  Ac,  Lon. ,1749, Svo. 

Edwards,  Richard.  Letter  to  J.  Hanbury,  Esq., 
Lon..  1772,  4to.     Letter  to  Bp.  S.  Barrington,  177;:t.  4to. 

Edwards,  Richard.  3  books  on  Eng.  Prosody,  Ac., 
1S13. 

Edwards,  Roger.  Psalmes  and  Prayers,  Lon,,  1570, 
16mo. 

Edwards,  Sampson,    Lett,  to  Woodward,  Lon.,  Svo. 

Edwards,  Sydeiiham.  Cynographia  Britannica, 
Lou.,  1800,  4to.  61  Plates,  representing  about  160  Rare 
Plants,  Lon.,  1S09,  4to.  Botanical  Register,  14  vols.  r.  Svo, 
£2  9«.  each.  New  series,  edited  by  Dr.  Lindley,  with  750 
cord  plates,  1838-47,  10  vols.  r.  Svo,  £22.  1st  Series  was 
pub.  in  13  vols.  r.  Svo;  each  £2  10s.:  2d  Series,  10  vols.  r. 
Svo;  each  £2  10«. :  3d  Series,  10  vols.  r.  Svo;  each  £2  As, 

Edwards,  T.  W.  C.     Educational  works,  1818,  Svo. 

Edwards,  Tenison.  Orders  H.  Ct.  of  Chancery, 
1815-45,  Lon.,  1845.  ISmo  ;  Addenda,  1846^8, 1848, 12mo. 

Edwards,  Thomas,  d.  1647,  educated  at  Trinity- 
Coll..  Camb.,  became  a  clergyman  of  the  Church  of  Eng- 
land, which  he  renounced  for  Presbyterianisra.  He  was  a 
bitter  opponent  of  the  Independents,  and  pub.  against 
them,  in  addition  to  other  pieces,  Gangrtena;  or  a  Disco- 
very of  many  of  the  Errors,  Heresies,  Blasphemies,  and 
pernicious  practices  of  the  Sectaries  of  the  time,  vented 
and  acted  in  England  in  these  four  last  years,  3  parts,  Lon., 
1646,  4to. 

"  Edwards's  Gangrrena  gives  a  horrible  picture  of  the  state  of  the 
sects  in  th.it  time.  He  was  a  liirid  Presbyterian,  and  very  bitter 
agaiust  those  who  differed  from  that  system.  His  statements  can- 
not therefore  be  trusted." — Bickersteth^s  C.  S. 

This  attack  was  too  much  for  the  patience  of  the  Inde- 
pendents. They  drove  their  opponent  from  England,  and 
he  died  in  Holland.  This  he  could  not  complain  of,  as 
he  was  himself  a  violent  enemy  to  toleration,  and  wrote  a 
work  entitled  The  Casting  Down  of  the  last  and  strongest 
hold  of  Satan  ;  or.  A  Treatise  against  Toleration,  1647,  4to. 
See  an  account  of  Edwards  and  his  writings  in  Wood's  Fasti. 

Edwards,  Thomas.     Scrm.,  1660,  Svo. 

EdAvards,  Thomas.  Review  of  Crispinianism  Un- 
masked, Lon.,  1693,  4to.  Gospel  Truth,  *fcc.,  1693,  4to. 
Baxterianism  Barefaced.  1699,  4to. 

Edwards,  Thomas.  Praying  in  the  Spirit;  against 
Extemp.  Prayei-,  Lou.,  1703,  Svo.  Diocesan  Episcopacy 
proved  from  Holy  Scripture.  1705,  Svo. 

Edwards,  Thomas,  1699?-1757,  a  critic  of  consi- 
derable ability,  was  a  member  of  Lincoln's  Inn,  and  called 
to  the  bar,  but  never  practised.  He  was  devoted  to  the 
study  of  Shakspearc,  and  was  so  indignant  at  the  pompous 
ignorance  and  arrogance  displayed  by  Warburton  in  his 
edition  of  the  immortal  bard,  that  he  indited  an  epistle 
to  him,  entitled  A  Letter  to  the  author  of  a  late  Epistolary 
Dedicatiou,  addressed  to  Mr.  Warburton.  This  was  fol- 
lowed in  1747  by  a  Supplement  to  Mr.  Warburton's  edition 
of  Shakspeare.  It  pleased  the  public ;  and  in  1 748  a  3d  edit. 
was  pub.  under  the  title  of  The  Canons  of  Criticism,  and  a 
Glossary,  being  a  Supplement  to  Mr.  Warburton's  edition 
of  Shakspeare;  collected  from  the  notes  in  that  celeltrated 
work,  and  proper  to  be  bound  up  with  it.  Again  pub., 
1750,  Svo.  Best  (7th)  edit,  1765,  Svo,  which  contains  the 
Trial  of  the  Letter  Y  alias  Y  in  order  to  settle  the  ortho- 
graphy of  our  Language,  and  Sonnets.  Also,  Remarks  on 
Shakspeare  by  Mr.  Roderick. 

The  Canons  of  Criticism  was  a  fair  hit  at  Warburton  ; 
for  he  remarked  in  his  preface,  that  he  had  once  designed 
giving  the  reader  a  body  of  canons  for  literary  critici.sm, 
and  a  glossary,  but  that  he  had  not  carried  out  this  idea, 
as  these  uses  might  be  well  supplied  by  what  he  had  occa- 
sionally remarked  in  his  notes  on  Shakspeare. 

Edwards  thought  this  too  good  a  chance  to  be  lost.     He 
therefore  drew  up  a  set  of  the  most  absurd  px'etended  ca- 
nons from  Warburton's  notes,  and  gave  instances  in  sup- 
I  port  of  tliem  from  the  same  authority.     This  enraged  the 
'  amiable  prelate  not  a  little,  and  in  his  notes  to  the  Dunciad 
'  he  takes  advantage  of  Pope's  two  lines — 

"  Ilrr  children  first  of  more  distiDguished  sort, 
I  Villi)  study  Shakspeare  at  the  icns  of  court" — 

I  to  add  a  comment  most  abusive  of  the  satirist.     But  Ed- 
!  wards  had  altogether  the  best  of  the  battle.     Warton  ap- 

547 


EBW 


EGE 


proved  of  his  canons  highly,  and  thoy  were  applauded  by 
Dr.  Johnson,  but  the  latter,  who  was  a  great  admirer  of 
Warburton,  took  care  to  add — 

'■  8ir,  a  tly  may  sting  and  tease  a  horse,  and  yet  the  horse  is  the 
nobltT  animal." 

In  1761  was  pub.  a  tract  of  our  author's,  entitled  Free 
and  Candid  Thoughts  on  the  Doctrine  of  Predestination. 
It  contains  nothing  new.  See  Biog.  BriL;  Nichols's  Lit. 
Anecdotes;  Richardson's  Corresp. 

Edwards,  Thomas,  1729-1785,  entered  at,  (1747,) 
and  Fellow  of.  Cliire  Hall,  Camb. ;  Rector  of  John  the 
Baptist,  Coventry,  175S  ;  Vicar  of  Nuneaton,  Warwickshire, 
1771).  He  was  a  strenuous  Arminian.  New  English  trans.  ■ 
of  the  Psalms,  from  the  original  Hebrew,  reduced  to  metre 
by  the  late  Bishop  Hare,  with  Notes  and  Illustrations,  Lon., 
1755,  8vo.  Prolegomena  in  Libros  Veteris  Testament! 
Poeticos,  &c.,  Cantub.,  1762,  8vo. 

"These  works  contain  a  dcfenoe  and  illustration  of  Bishop  Hare's 
principles  of  Hebrew  metre,  which  have  had  few  advocates  since  the  ; 
publication  of  Lowth's  Lectures  on  th'.'  Hebrew  Poetry,  and  his 
Isaiah.  The  translation  of  the  Psalms  affords  occasional  assistance 
for  understanding  them,  and  contains  various  emendations  of  the 
Hebrew  text,  suggested  by  the  metre.  The  Latin  Prolegomena, 
which  defend  Hare  and  attack  Lowth,  are  sometimes  ingenious, 
but  seldom  satisfactory.  Br.  Kdwards  was  evidently  a  man  of 
learning  and  talents.'— Orme's  Bibl.  Bib. 

The  Doctrine  of  Irresistible  Grace  proved  to  have  no 
foundation  in  the  writings  of  the  New  Testament.  1759,  Svo. 
"I  mention  this  work,  not  on  account  of  its  theology,  which  is 
incorrect,  hut  of  its  criticism,  which  is  sometimes  valuable;  as  it 
goes  over  a  great  number  of  passages  in  the  New  Testament  criti- 
cally, and  places  some  of  them  in  new  aud  advantageous  lights." 
— Orme,  ubi  supra. 

"  A  very  accurate  and  learned  performance,  which  does  great 
honour  to  my  ingenious  friend,  the  worthy  author." — Dr.  Harwoud. 
Dr.  Edwards  pub.  several  other  learned  works. 
Edwards,  Thomas,  LL.D.   The  Jewish  and  Heathen 
Rejection  of  the  Christian  Miracles,  1790, 4to.  Other  works, 
Edwards,  Thomas.     Con.  to  Mem.  Med.,  1792. 
Edwards,  Thomas.     Reports  H.  Ct.  of  Admiralty 
on  Vessels  sailing  under  British  Licenses,  Lon.,  1812,  Svo. 
Reports  H.  Ct.  of  Admiralty,  1808-1812,  Lon.,  1812,  Svo. 
N.  York.  1813,  '51,  Svo. 

Edwards,  Timothy,  d.  1758,  aged  88,  father  of  the 
first  President  Edwards,  was  a  son  of  Richard  Edwards,  a 
native  of  Hartford,  Connecticut.  Timothy  graduated  at 
Harvard  Coll.  in  1691.  was  ordained  in  1694^,  and  was  the 
first  minister  of  East  Windsor,  Conn.  He  pub.  an  Election 
Sermon  in  1732.  It  appears,  from  R.  Wolcott's  dedication 
of  his  poems  to  him  in  1723,  that  Mr.  Edwards  had  some 
pretensions  as  a  poet. 

Edwards,  Timothy.  A  Paraphrase,  with  Critical 
Annotations,  on  the  Epistles  of  St.  Paul  to  the  Romans  and 
Galatians,  Lon.,  1752. 

*'  A  judicious  compilation  from  the  best  previous  commentaries 
on  the  two  epistles." — Loiondes's  Brit.  Lib. 

Edwards,  Tryon,D.D.,  h.  in  Hartford,  Connecticut, 
1809,  great-grandson  of  the  tirstand  grandson  of  the  second 
President  Edwards,  graduated  at  Yale  Coll.,  and  studied 
theology  at  Princeton.  New  Jersey.  Author  of  Child's 
Commandment  aud  Promise;  Self-Cultivation:  four  tracts 
pub.  by  the  Amer.  Tract  Soc.;  several  serms.  in  the  Na- 
tional Preacher;  aud  a  number  of  occasional  serms.  or  dis- 
courses. Memoir  of  Dr.  Bellamy,  pub.  with  his  Complete 
Works.  Memoir  of  President  Edwards  the  Younger,  pub. 
with  his  Complete  ^Vorks.  Christiiinity  a  Philosophy  of 
Principles,  &c.  Address  at  Williams  College.  Editor  of 
Works  of  the  younger  President  Edwards ;  Charity  and  its 
Fruits,  from  the  MSS.  of  the  elder  President  Edwards;  the 
Family  Christian  Almanac,  (for  several  years.) 

Dr.  Edwards  also  designed  and  edited  Select  Poetry  for 
Children  and  Youth;  Jewels  for  the  Household;  Anecdotes 
for  the  Family:  The  Commandment  Illustrated;  The 
World's  Laconics,  (under  the  assumed  name  of  Everard 
Berkeley.) 

Contributor  to  The  Christian  Spectator;  New  Englander; 
Biblical  Repository ;  Biblical  Repertory ;  and  other  period- 
icals. We  have  already  announced  the  fact  that  Mr.  Ed- 
wards is  now  (1858)  engaged  in  preparing  a  now  edition 
of  the  works  of  his  distinguished  ancestor,  the  elder  Pre- 
sident Edwards.     See  Edwards,  Jonatu.^n. 

Edwards,  Capt.  Wm.  Ordinance  of  the  Lords  and 
Commons,  &c.,  ]fJ44,  4to. 

EdAvards,  Wm,  H.  A  Voyage  up  the  Amazon,  Lon., 
1848,  p.  Svo. 

'*  Valuable  for  the  information  it  gives  on  this  very  little  known 
part  of  the  world." — Lon.  Ecmiomist. 

"This  book  is  full  of  novelty." — Ltm.  Athcnamm. 

Edwiu,  Archbishop  of  Vork.     22  Serms.,  Lon., 
1685,  4to.     Serms.,  ltJ16,  4to. 
Edwin,  John,  1749-1794,  a  celebrated  English  come- 


dian.     Eccentricities  arranged  and  digested  by  Anthony 
Pasquin,  Lon.,  2  vols.  Svo. 

Edy,  J.,  M.D.     Ruptures,  &c.,  Lon.,  1801,  Svo. 
Edy,  John  Wm.     Scenes  in  Norway,  Lon.,  1812,  fol. 
Edye,  John.     Lett,  to  Wilberforce  on  the  Importation 
of  Foreign  Corn,  1815,  Svo. 

Edzard,  J.  E.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1696.  4to. 
Eedes,  John.     Justification  by  Faith,  Lon.,  1654. 4to. 
Eedes,  Richard,  D.D.     6  Serms.,  Lon.,  1G04,  Svo. 
Eedes,  Richard.     Serm.,  Lou.,  1660,  4to. 
Eelbeck,  Henry,     Epinicion  AngUcauum,  Ac,  Svo. 
Eeles,  Henry.     Philos.  Essays,  or  Thunder,  Vapour, 
&c.,  Lon..  1772.  Svo.     Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1751. 
Efl",  Wm.     Praise  of  the  Gout,  1617,  4to. 
Egau,  Anthony.     Book  of  Rates  now  used  in  the  Sin 
Custom-house  of  the  Church  and  Court  of  Rome.  Lon., 
1674,  4to;  1678.  4to.     Other   publications.     See    Wood's 
Fasti  for  account  of  this  Franciscan. 

Egan,  Charles.  Assessed  Taxes,  Lon.,  1840,  12mo. 
Law  rel.  to  Building  Societies,  1S47,  Svo.  Observ.  on  the 
New  French  Law  of  Patents.  4to. 

Egan,  Robert.     E.xrhanger,  Dubl.,  1781,  4to. 
Egan,  Thomas,  M.D.     Profes.  con.  to  Trans.  Roy. 
Irish  Acad.,  1806. 

Egbert,  Ecbert,  or  Ecgbert,  Archbishop  of 
York,  b.  about  67S,  d.  766,  was  the  brother  of  Eadbert, 
King  of  Northumberland.  In  732  he  succeeded  the  younger 
Wilfrid  in  the  See  of  York.  1.  Dialogus  de  Ecelcsiastica 
Institutione,  Dubl..  1664.  4to  ;  Paris.  1666,  Svo.  By  War- 
ton  in  1693:  et  v.  Bibl.  Parr.  Gallandii,  xiii.  266.  2.  Con- 
stitutiones  Ecclesiasticje.  Egbert  composed  the  Confes- 
sionale  and  Pcenitentiale,  which  were  afterwards  the  stand- 
ard authorities  of  the  Anglo-Saxon  Church  ;  and  some 
other  works  are  ascribed  to  him.  See  Wright's  Biog.  Brit., 
and  the  authorities  there  quoted. 

Egelshem,  Wells.   Eng.  Grammar,  Lon.,  1781, 12mo. 
Egerton.  Theatrical  Remembrancer,  Lon.,  1788,  12mo. 
;  A  continuation,  said  to  be  incorrect,  was  pub.  by  Barker 
'  in  ISOl. 

Egerton, Charles.  Hist,  of  Eng.  in  Verse,  Lon.,  1780. 
I  Egerton,  D.  T.  Views  in  Mexico,  12  pictures,  Lon., 
j  18.S9,  '40,  atlas  fol.  A  beautiful  set  of  plates. 
I  Egerton,  Lady  Frances,  Countess  of  Ellesmere, 
accompanied  her  husband  in  the  journey  which  he  has  so 
graphically  described  in  his  Mediterranean  Sketches.  Her 
;  ladyship  also  pub.  a  record  of  her  impressions  under  the 

title  of  Journal  of  a  Tour  in  the  Holy  Land,  Svo. 
I       "  The  genuine  pihjrim's  heart  we  find  in  Lady  V.  Ejrerton's  un- 
pretendini;  journal  more  than  in  any  other  modern  expedition  to 
I  the  Holy  Land  we  know."'     See  an  article  entitled  Lady  Travellers, 
by  MisB  Rigby,  in  the  Lon.  Quar.  Review,  Ixxvi.  QS-lliT. 

Egerton,Francis,Earl  of  Ellesmere,  K.G.. 1800- 
1857,  second  snn  of  the  Duke  of  Sutherland,  added  thelustre 
of  letters  to  the  heraldic  honours  of  his  house.  His  trans, 
of  Goethe's  Faust,  of  Schiller's  and  Korner's  Poems,  his 
researches  in  Northern  Archajology,  and  Sketches  of  East- 
ern Travel,  are  too  well  known  and  appreciated  to  require 
an  extended  notice  in  this  place.  1.  Camp  of  Wallenstein 
and  other  Poems,  Lon.,  12mo.  2.  Catherine  of  Cleves,  and 
Heruaui;  Tragedies,  Svo.  3.  Trans,  from  the  German,  Svo. 
4.  Boyle  Farm,  12mo.  5.  Mediterranean  Sketches,  1843, 
p.  Svo.  6.  The  two  Sieges  of  Vienna  by  the  Turks,  1847, 
p.  Svo. 

"  Of  the  manner  in  which  the  Earl  of  Ellesmere  has  discharged 
the  various  duties  of  translator,  editor,  aud  author,  we  can  speak 
iu  terms  of  high  praise.  .  .  .  The  work  is  a  valuable  contribution 
to  tho  history  of  an  important  period." — L(m.  Afhen. 

7.  Guide  to  Northern  Archaeology,  1848,  Svo.  8.  The 
Military  Events  in  Italy.  1848,  '49;  trans,  from  the  Ger- 
man, p.  Svo.  1850.  Commended  by  Lon.  M.  Chronicle. 
9.  Life  and  Character  of  the  Duke  of  Wellington.  1S52, 
12mo.  10.  Hist,  of  tho  Two  Tartar  Conquerors  of  China  j 
from  tho  French  ;  with  an  Introduc.  by  R.  H.  Major,  Hak. 
Soc,  1854.  Svo.  11.  The  Pilgrimage,  and  other  Poems, 
1856.  4to.  See  Two  Funeral  Serms.  at  the  Funeral  of  the 
Earl  of  Ellesmere.  by  Rev.  S.  Y.  Eeechey,  1857.  Svo. 

Egerton,  Francis  Henry.  See  Bridgrwater, 
Earl  of. 

E§;erton,  Henry,  a  descendant  of  Lord  Chancellor 
Ellesmere,  Bishop  of  Hereford.  Serm.,  1727,  4to,-  1729, 
4to;   1701.  4to;   170:^,  4to. 

Egerton,  John,  son  of  the  preceding,  educated  at 
Oriel  Coll.,  Oxf.,  collated  to  the  living  of  Ross,  Hertford- 
shire, 1743;  Bishop  of  Bangor,  1756;  of  Lichfield  aud 
Covcntrv.  176S;  of  Durh.am,  1771.  Serm.,  Lon.,  1757, 4to; 
1761,  4iu;   170;i.  4to;  1763.  4to. 

Egerton,  Stephen.  Lecture,  Lon.,  1589,  Svo.  Cate- 
chizing, 15'J4,  lOoU,  Svo.  Subjection  to  God  and  the  King, 
1616,  Svo. 


EGE 

Egerton,  Stephen.  Boring  of  the  Enre.  Lon.,  1623, 
12mo. 

Egerton,  Thomns,  Baron  of  Ellesmere,  Viscount 
Brackley,  b.  nbout  lolO.  d.  1617,  educated  at  Brapenose 
^CoU..  Oxf.,  was  constituted  Lord  High  Chancellor  by  James 
1.  in  1603.  Speech  in  the  Exchequer  Chamber,  Lon.,  1609, 
4to.  Obscrv.  on  Lord  Coke's  Reports,  fol.  A  Treatise  on 
Chancery,  (1641.  4to,)  and  one  on  The  Chancellorship, 
(1651,  Svo,)  are  ascribed  to  him,  but,  it  is  thnught,  erro- 
neously. He  left  many  MSS.  on  legal  ami  political  sub- 
ject. See  Park's  Walpole's  R.  and  N.  Authors.  We  have 
already  noticed  a  biography  of  this  eminent  statesman, 
pub.  by  the  Duke  of  Bridgbwater,  q.  v. 

''  But  surely  all  Christendom  atTorded  not  a  person  which  carried 
more  gravity  in  his  countenance  and  behaviour  than  Sir  Thomas 
KgertOD,  insomuch  that  many  have  gone  to  the  Chancery  on  pur- 
pose only  to  see  his  venerable  garb,  (happy  they  who  had  no  other 
business!)  and  were  highly  pleased  at  so  acceptable  a  spectacle. 
Yet  was  his  outward  case  nothing  in  comparison  of  his  inward 
abilities,  quick  wit,  solid  judgment,  ready  utterance."— iWZtr's 
Worthies  of  Cheshire. 

Egerton,  VVm.  Life  of  Mrs.  A.  Oldfield,  Lon.,  1731, 
Svo. 

Eglesfield,  Fr.  Monarchy  revived  in  the  most  illus- 
trious Chas.  the  Second,  Lon.,  1661,  1822,  Svo,  14  portraits. 

Eglesfield,  James.     Serra.,  Lon.,  1640. 

Eg:leton,  John.     H.  of  Commons,  Lon.,  1714,  Svo. 

£glishani,  Eglisemmius,  or,  as  abbreviated,  Egli- 
sem,  George,  M.D.,  a  Scotchman,  "  Doctor  of  Physick, 
and  one  of  the  physicians  to  King  James  [II.]  of  happy 
memory,  for  his  Majestie's  person,  above  ten  years'  space," 
has  already  claimed  our  notice  in  the  article  on  George 
Buchanan.  Hypocrisis  Apologeticie  Orationis  Vorstiance, 
Delph.,  1612,  4to.  Duellum  Poeticum,  Ac,  Georg.  Bu- 
chanano,  Lon.,  1618.  '19,  Svo.  Prodromus  Vindictae  in 
Duccm  Buckinghamia?,  1626,  4to.  The  Forerunner  of 
Revenge,  1642.  4to.  Declaration  concerning  poisoning  K. 
James  of  happy  memory,  1648,  4to. 

Egmont,  Earls  of.     See  Perceval. 

Egremont,  John.     The  Mildew,  Lon.,  1806,  Svo. 

Egreinont,  John.  Law  of  Highways,  Ac,  Lon.,  1830, 
2  vols.  12rao. 

Egwiu,  a  native  of  the  districtof  the  Ilwiceas,  d.  about 
718,  was  made  Bishop  of  Worcester  on  the  death  of  Oftfor, 
about  692.  Bale  attributes  to  him  three  works:  a  History 
of  the  Foundation  of  Evesham,  a  Book  of  Visions,  and  a 
Life  of  Aldhelm. 

"  The  lattt-r,  if  it  ever  existed,  is  now  lost.  The  other  two  are 
without  doubt  the  same  as  those  from  which  his  biographer  [sup- 
posed to  be  Berctwald,  Archbishop  of  Canterbury]  has  given  such 
copious  extracts;  but  itisdifticuU  to  say  whether  they  still  existed 
at  the  time  of  Bale,  and  it  is  equally  uncertain  whether  they  were 
separate  books,  or  only  parts  of  one  work.  .  .  .  Egwin  of  Worcester 
is  remarkable  as  the  first  Englishman  who  wrote  any  thing  like  an 
autobiography;  but  this  was  only  an  account  of  his  pretended 
■visions." — Wrir/ht's  Biog.  Brit.  Lit..,  q.  v. 

Ehret,  G.  D.  Horticult.  con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1763- 
67.     Hist.,  ttc.  of  R.  Warner's  Jessamine,  fol. 

Eichelberger,  Rev,  S.,  Lutheran  preacher,  Winches- 
ter, edited  2  vols.  Sermons  on  National  Blessings  and  Obli- 
gations, 1S30. 

Eichorn,  Charles.  A  Practical  German  Grammar, 
N.  York,  1849,  12mo. 

'*  The  arranirement  is  excellent.  The  illustrations  are  sufficiently 
full  and  the  rules  comprehensive.  It  is  the  best  practical  grammar 
of  the  German  language." 

Eisdell,  J.  S.  Industry  of  Nations.  Vol.  i.,  Produc- 
tion.    Vol.  ii.,  Distribution,  &c.,  Lon.,  1839,  2  vols.  Svo. 

"The  fruits  of  great  diligence,  extensive  study,  well-digested 
arguments,  and  vai  ions  practical  conclusions,  not  the  less  valuable 
in  being  as  free  from  pedantry  as  they  are  from  all  bitterness,  either 
of  spirit  or  partisanship.'" — Erkrtic  Revinxv. 

Causes  and  Remedies  of  Poverty,  1852,  p.  Svo. 

Ekins,  Charles,  Rear-Admiral.  Naval  Battles,  1744r- 
1814.  Reviewed  and  Illustrated,  1S24.  4to. 

Ekins,  Jeffrey,  d.  1791,  Dean  of  Carlisle.  The  Loves 
of  Jledea  and  Jason,  from  ApoUonius  Rhodius,  Lon., 
1771.  4to. 

Eland,  Wm,  Tutor  to  Astrology,  Ac,  Lon.,  1694, 
12mo.     Tutor  to  Astr-.logy,  by  G.  Parker,  1704,  I2mo. 

Elborous^h,  Robert.     Fast  Serm.,  1660,  4to. 

Elborough,  Thomas.  Discourses,  1663,  Svo;  1673, 
12  mo. 

Elborow,  John,     Serm.,  Lon.,  1637,  4to. 

Elbridpe,  T.  K.   Dearness  of  Corn. tfec, Lon., 1772. 4to. 

Elehies,  Lord.  Decisions  Ct.  of  Session,  1732-1754; 
edited  fmm  the  ori^'.  MSS.  by  W.  M.  Morison,  Edin.,  1813, 
2  vols.  4to.  Annotations  on  Lord  Stair's  Institutions  of 
the  Law  of  Scotland,  1824,  4to. 

Elcockj  Ephraim*  On  a  Plea  for  Nonscribers, 
1651,  4to. 


ELI 

Elder.     Dumourier  on  Bonaparte,  Lon.,  1807. 

Elder,  John.  Letter  relative  to  Philip  and  Mary, 
(1555.)  16m(». 

Elder,  William,  M.D.,  b.  1809,  at  Somerset,  Penna., 
a  resident  of  Philadelphia.  1.  Periscopics  :  a  Volume  of 
Miscellanies,  N.  York.  1854,  12mo;  new  ed..  with  Addi- 
tions, <tc.,  entitled  The  Enchanted  Beauty,  N.  York,  1855, 
12mo.  2.  Life  of  Dr.  E.  K.  Kane,  Phila.,  1857,  Svo:  see 
Kane,  E.  K. 

Elderfield,  Chris.,  d.  1652,  Rector  of  Burton,  Sus- 
sex. Civil  Right  of  Tythes,  Lon.,  1650,  4to;  1654.  Re- 
generation, &c.,  1653,  4to. 

Elderton,  Wm.  A  new  merry  newes,  Lon.,  1606,  8vo. 
A  Ballad  against  Marriage,  nine  anno.  Respecting  Elder- 
ton — "a  ballad-maker  by  profession,  and  drunkard  by 
habit"— see  Ritson's  Bibl.  Poet. ;  Herbert's  Ames ;  War- 
ton's  Eng.  Poet.;  Evans's  Old  Ballads;  Harleian  Misc., 
vol.  X. 

Eldon,  Dr.  Abraham,  a  nom  de  plume.  The  Con- 
tinental Traveller's  Oracle;  or,  New  Maxims  for  Locomo- 
tion, 2  vols. 

"  He  is  an  acute  observer  of  human  nature,  and  has  seen  very 
much  of  society  both  at  home  and  abroad." — Lon.  Lit.  Gaz. 

Eldred,  Wm.  The  Gunner's  Glasse:  set  forth  by 
Wav  of  Dialogue,  Lon.,  1646,  4to. 

Eldridge,  F.  C.  N.  Hist,  of  Norwich,  Norw.,  (1738,) 
Svo. 

Ele,  Martin.     Making  Pitch,  Phil.  Trans.,  1697. 

Elemy,  Wm.  The  Sinner's  Thundering  Warning 
Piece;  an  account  of  a  great  storm,  Lon.,  8vo. 

Eley,  E.  S.     Visits  of  Mercy,  1813,  12mo. 

Elford, Walter.  Complaint  agst.  Sir  S.  Crow,1649,4to. 

El^an,  T.     The  Fallen  Farm-house,  1796. 

Elgin,  Thomas  Bruce,  Earl  of,  1771-1S40.  Mem. 
on  the  subject  of  his  Pursuits  in  Greece,  Edin.,  1810,  4to ; 
Lon.,  1811,  8vo.  For  other  publications  on  this  subjectj 
see  Lowndes's  Bibl.  Man.  His  lordship  expended  £74,000 
in  the  purchase  and  removal  of  his  vast  collection  of  Gre- 
cian antiquities.  They  were  bought  by  government  for 
£35,000.  So  that  the  charge  of  "mercantile  spirit"  lavished 
upon  his  lordship  seems  rather  out  of  place. 

Eliazar,  Bar  Isajah,  a  converted  Jew.  A  Vindica- 
tion  of  the  Christian  Messiah,  Lon.,  1653,  4to. 

Elibank,  Lord.  Considerations  on  the  Present  State 
of  the  Peerage  of  Scotland,  Lon.,  1771,  8vo. 

Elibank,  Patrick,  fifth  Lord.  Essays  on  the  Public 
Debt,  or  Paper  Money,  and  on  Frugality,  Edin.,  1753,  Svo. 
See  Dr.  Wallace's  Characteristics  of  the  Present  State  of 
Great  Britain.  Lon.,  1758,  Svo. 

Eliot,  Andrew,  D.D..  1719?-1778,  a  minister  in  Bos- 
ton. Occasional  Serms.,  1742,  '44,  '50,  "54,  '59,  '66,  71,  73. 
Dudleiau  Lecture,  1771.     20  Serms.,  1774,  Svo. 

Eliot,  Archdeacon  Edward.  Discourses  on  Chris- 
tian Responsibilities,  Lon.,  12mo.  Lectures  on  Chris- 
tianity and  Slavery,  preached  at  Barbadoes  Cathedral, 
1833, 'l2mo. 

"Written  in  Archdeacon  Eliot's  most  impressive  style.  It  may 
indeed  be  said  to  breathe  the  pure  spirit  of  apostolical  Christianity." 
— Lnn.  Chris.  Remrmb. 

Eliot,  Francis  Perceval.  Armed  Yeomanry,  1794, 
Svo.  Paper  Currency,  1811,  Svo.  Financial  Remarks, 
1S09,  Svo. 

Eliot,  Jared,  1685-1736,  a  minister  at  Killingworth, 
Connecticut,  was  a  grandson  of  John  Eliot,  "  The  Apostle 
of  the  N.  Amer.  Indians."  He  was  skilled  in  agriculture 
and  physic.  Agricult.  Essays;  several  edits.  Religion 
supported  by  Reason  and  Revelation,  1735.  Election  Serm., 
1738.     Serra.  on  the  taking  of  Louisbourg,  1745. 

Eliot,  John.  Ortho-Epia-Gallica:  Eliot's  Fruits  for 
the  French,  Lon.,  1593,  4to. 

Eliot,  John.  Poems.  Lon.,  1658,  sm.  Svo;  anon.  The 
name  of  John  Eliot  appears  at  the  end  of  a  poem  at  p.  34 
of  the  above  volume. 

"Composed  by  nobody  knows  whom,  and  are  to  be  had  everybody-- 
knows  where,  and  for  somebody  knows  what." 

Eliot,  John,  1604-1690,  a  minister  of  Roxbury,  Mass., 
usually  called  "  The  Apostle  of  the  N.  Amer.  Indians,"  was 
a  nativeofNasing, Essex,  England,  and  emigrated  to  Bos- 
ton, N.  England,  in  1631.  He  acquired  the  language  of 
the  Indians,  and  engaged  with  great  zeal  in  the  work  of 
their  conversion  to  Christianity,  in  which  he  was  eminently 
successful.  In  1661  he  pub.  bis  trans,  of  the  New  Testa- 
ment into  the  Indian  tongue;  2d  edit.,  1680;  and  in  1663 
appeared  the  trans,  of  the  whole  Bible  in  4to,  entitled  Ma- 
musse  Wunneetupamatamwe  Up-Biblum  God  naneeswo 
Nukkone  Testament  kah  wonk  AVusku  Testament.  A  2d 
edit,  was  pub.  in  1685,  4to,  revised  by  Mr.  Cotlonj  both 
were  printed  at  Cambridge,  N.  England. 

M9 


ELI 


ELL 


"This  version  has  now  heconie  a  literary  curiosity,  there  being 
scarcely  any  person  living  who  can  read  or  understand  a  single 
verse  in  it." — Horne's  Bibl.  Bib. 

If  this  declaration  oftend  the  philological  vanity  of  any 
of  our  readers,  we  give  them  an  opportunity  of  testing 
their  skill  by  asking  a  translation  of  the  shortest  verse 
before  us : 

*Numineetsuongash  asekesukokish  assmailnean  yeuyeu  ke- 
sukod." 

The  longest  word  used  in  the  Bible  is  in  St.  Mark  i.  40 — 
Wutappesittukqussunnookwehtunkquoh — 
"kneeling  down  to  him."  We  presume  that  these  speci- 
mens will  be  enough  fur  the  general  reader:  philologists 
are  referred  to  Eliot's  Indian  Bible.  Iti64,  4to.  New  ed., 
with  Notes,  by  P.  S.  Du  Ponceau,  and  Introduction,  by  J. 
Pickering,  Boston,  1S22.  8vo.  For  the  other  publications 
of  this  excellent  and  devoted  man.  and  particulars  of  his 
life,  we  must  refer  the  reader  to  Mather's  Magnalia;  Eliot's 
Life  and  Death  ;  Neal's  N.  E. ;  Mass.  Hist.  Coll. ;  Douglas ; 
Hutchinson;  Holmes:  Allen's  Amer.  Biog.  Diet. ;  Life  by 
Convers  Francis,  in  Sparks's  Amer.  Biog.,  Ist  ser.,  v.  i. 

The  excellent  Cottun  Mather  waxes  warm  when  he  takes 
up  his  fruitful  pen  to  depict  the  virtues  of  John  Eliot: 

"Having  implored  the  assistance  and  acceptance  of  that  God 
whose  blessed  word  has  told  us,  '  The  ri^-'hteous  shall  be  had  in 
evi-rlasting  remembrance,'  I  am  attempting  to  write  the  life  of  a 
righteous  person,  concerning  whom  all  things  but  the  meanness 
of  the  writer  invite  the  reader  to  expect  nothing  save  what  is  truly 
extraordinary.  It  is  the  life  of  one  who  has  better  and  greater 
things  to  be  affirmed  of  him,  than  could  ever  be  reported  concern- 
ing any  of  those  famous  men  which  have  been  celebrated  by  the 
pens  of  a  Plutarch,  a  I'liuy,  Laertius,  an  Euuapius.  or  in  any  Pa- 
gan histories.  It  is  the  life  of  one  whose  character  might  very 
agreeably  be  looked  for  among  the  collections  of  a.  Dorotheus,  or 
the  orations  of  a  Nazianzen;  or  is  worthy  at  least  of  nothing  less 
than  the  exquisite  stile  of  a  Melchior  Adam  to  eternize  it." — Ubi 
supra. 

"The  Apostle — and  truly  I  know  not  who  since  Peter  and  Paul 
better  deserves  that  name."— Ora/iwi  by  Hon.  Edward  Evei-ett  at 
Dorchester,  Mass.,  July  4,  1855. 

£liot,  John,  D.D..  1754-1813,  a  minister  of  Boston, 
Mass.,  son  of  Andrew  Eliot,  D.D.,  was  one  of  the  founders 
and  principal  contributors  to  the  Mass.  Hist.  Society.  Oc- 
casional Serms.,  1782,  '83,  '94,  '97.  ISOO,  'Oo.  &c.  Biog. 
Diet,  of  eminent  characters  in  N.  England,  Salem,  1809, 
8vo.  Papers  in  Mass.  Hist.  Coll..  iv.,  vi.,  viii.,  ix.,  x. 
Eliot,  L.  W.  Serm.,  Lon.,  1820,  8vo. 
Eliot,  Samuel,  b.  at  Boston,  Mass.,  1821,  educated 
at  Harvard  University,  and  in  Europe.  1.  The  Life  and 
Times  of  Savonarola.  2.  The  Liberty  of  Rome :  a  His- 
tory, N.  York,  1849,  2  vols.  8vo ;  Lon.,  1849,  2  vols.  Svo, 
and  a  folio  vol.  of  illustrations.  3.  The  History  of  Liberty, 
Bost.,  1853,  4  vols.  12mo  :  Pt.  1.  The  Ancient  Romans  ;  PL 
2,  (repub.  Lon.,  1853,  2  vols.  8vo,)  The  Early  Christians. 

"  The  character  of  this  remarkable  American  work  may  be  in 
part  surmised  from  one  of  the  mottoes  on  its  title-page :  '  The  His- 
tory of  the  World  is  one  of  God's  own  great  poems.'  Its  aim,  in 
tracing  accurately  and  philosophica.lly  the  struggles  of  Rome  after 
liberty,  is  to  show  that  over  antiquity,  as  over  our  own  times,  an 
overruling  Providence  prt^vailed,  and  that  none  can  tithom  the 
truths  of  history  but  with  the  plummet  of  Kevelation.  It  main- 
tains, and  satisfactorily  elucidates,  the  great  truth  of  the  univer- 
sality of  the  Divine  government  as  the  groundwork  of  every  his- 
■     tory  that  deserves  the  name." — President  King. 

4.  Manual  of  United  States  History,  1492-1850,  1856, 
12mo.     Articles  iu  periodicals. 

Eliot,  Samuel  A.  Sketch  of  the  History  of  Harvard 
College,  and  of  its  Present  State,  Bost.,  1848,  12mo. 

Eliot,  Thomas.     See  Elyot. 

Eliot,  VV.  H.,  Jr.  Genealogy  of  the  Eliot  Family;  [re- 
viseil  and  enlarged  by  W.  S.  Porter.  N.  Haven.  1854,  8vo. 

Eliot,  VVm.  Granville.  Treatise  on  the  Defence  of 
Portugal,  with  a  Military  Map  of  the  Country,  Lon., ISU.Svo. 

Eliot,  Rev.  Wni.G.,  D-D.,  of  St.  Louis,  Mo.  L  Unity 
of  God,  Bost.,  12mo.  2.  Doctrines  of  Christianity,  1852. 
3.  Lectures  to  Young  Men,  1853,  IGmo.  4.  Lectures  to 
Young  Women.  1853,  lOmo. 

"One  of  those  very  few  bnoUs  that  a  father  may  safely  place  in 
the  hands  of  his  daughter."— J/o(/(c/-'s  Assistant. 

5.  Early  Religious  Education  Considered  as  the  Di- 
vinely-Appointed Way  to  the  Rcgener.ato  Life.  1855.  6. 
A  Discourse,  1855.     7.  Discipline  of  Sorrow,  1855. 

Elis,  John,  D.D.     Defensio  Fidei,  Lon.,  1C60,  12mo. 

Elis.     See  Ellis. 

Elitos.     See  Elyot,  Thomas. 

Elizabeth,  Queen  of  England,  daughter  of  Henry 
VIII.  and  Anne  Boleyn,  1533-1603,  was  one- of  the  most 
learned  persons  of  lier  time,  and  author  of  sundry  transla- 
tions from  the  Greek,  Latin,  and  French,  and  some  original 
compositions.  1.  The  Mirrour,  or  the  Glass  of  the  SinfuU 
Soul;  trans,  from  the  French  when  she  was  only  eleven 
years   of  age.     2.    Prayers   and    Meditations;    from    the 

550 


French  of  Margaret  of  Navarre,  &c.,  Lon.,  1548,  8vo. 
3.  A  Dialogue  from  Xenophou,  between  Hiero  and  Simon- 
ides.  4.  Two  Orations  from  Isocrates,  trans,  into  Latin, 
5.  Latin  Oration  at  Cambridge.  6.  Latin  Oration  at  Ox- 
ford. 7.  Comment  on  Plato.  8.  Boethius  de  Consolatione 
Philosophise,  trans,  into  English,  1593.  Trans,  of  Sallust's 
Jugurthine  War  of  Plutarch  de  Curiositate,  Horace's  Art 
of  Poetry,  a  Play  of  Euripides,  &c.  For  other  composi- 
tions of  Elizabeth's,  see  Park's  Walpole's  R.  and  N.  Au- 
thors. For  publications  connected  with  her  reign  and  its 
literature,  and  accounts  of  her  personal  and  political  cha- 
racter, see  the  Histories  of  England  by  Hume,  Rapin, 
Eehard,  Keightley,  Lingard,  and  the  Pictorial  History, 
Camden's  Annals,  Strype's  Auuals  and  Memorials,  Bal- 
lard's Memoirs,  Wood's  Annals,  Nichols's  Progresses,  An- 
drews's Contin.  of  Henry's  Hist.,  Miss  Strickland's  Lives 
of  the  Queens  of  England,  Drake's  Shaksp.  and  his  Times, 
Harrington's  Nugae  Antiquse,  Hazlitt's  Dramat.  Lit.  of  the 
Age  of  Elizabeth,  Romantic  Biog.  of  the  Age  of  Elizabeth, 
and  many  other  works  which  wo  have  no  room  to  cite. 
Especially  should  Anthony  Bacon's  Memoirs  of  Elizabeth, 
1581-163  0,  be  carefully  perused: 

'■  From  this  excellent  collection  we  are  as  well  acquainted  with 
the  Earl  of  Kssex  and  the  Court  of  Queen  Elizabeth,  as  if  we  h.id 
lived  in  it." — Hardwicke's  State  I'apers.  i.  372. 

*■  I  have  been  informed  on  the  best  authority  that  Queen  Eliza- 
beth exercised  her  poetical  pen  more  voluminously  than  we  have 
hitherto  known,  for  that  there  exists  a  manuscript  volume  of  her 
majesty's  poems  in  that  rich  repository  of  state  papers — the  Hat- 
field Collection." — IHsraeWs  Amenities  of  Literature,  vol.  ii. 

Mr.  Headly  would  not  have  esteemed  this  volume  of  her 
majesty's  poetry  much  of  a  treasure: 

"  As  dead  queens  rank  but  with  meaner  mortals,  we  may  assert, 
withnut  much  fear  of  contradiction,  that  little  else  can  now  be 
gratified  by  the  perusal  of  Elizabeth's  poetry  than  mere  curiosity." 
The  Age  of  Elizabeth  is  certainly  the  most  brilliant  in 
the  literary  annals  of  England,  nor  is  it  likely  that  its 
splendour  will  ever  be  surpassed.  The  remarks  of  Mr. 
Hazlitt  in  this  connection  deserve  to  be  often  quoted,  and 
should  never  be  forgotten  by  the  Christian  and  man  of 
letters.  Referring  to  the  intellectual  activity  of  this  age, 
especially  the  many  mighty  names  which  adorn  the  dra- 
matic literature  of  the  times,  he  remarks: 

'•  For  such  an  extraordinary  combination  and  development  of 
fancy  and  genius  many  causes  may  be  assigned,  and  we  seek  for 
the  chief  of  them  in  religion,  in  politics,  in  the  circumstances  of 
the  time,  the  recent  diffusion  of  letters,  in  local  situation,  and  in 
the  character  of  the  men  who  adorned  that  period  and  availed 
themselves  so  nobly  of  the  advant.iges  placed  within  their  reach. 
.  .  .  The  translation  of  the  Bible  was  the  chief  engine  in  the  great 
work.  It  threw  open,  by  a  secret  spring,  the  rich  treasures  of  reli- 
gion and  morality,  which  had  been  there  locked  up  as  in  a  shrir*e. 
.  .  .  It  gave  them  a  common  interest  in  the  common  cause.  Their 
hearts  burnt  within  them  as  they  read.  It  gave  a  mind  to  the 
people,  by  giving  them  common  subjects  of  thought  and  feeling. 
It  cemented  their  union  of  character  and  sentiment;  it  created 
endless  diversity  and  collision  of  opinion.  They  found  objects  to 
employ  their  faculties,  and  a  motive,  in  the  magnitude  of  the  con- 
sequences attached  to  them,  to  exert  the  utmost  eagerness  in  the 
pursuit  of  truth,  and  the  niost  daring  intrepidity  in  maint.iining 
it." — Lectures  on  the  Dramatic  Lit.  of  the  Age  of  Elizabeth^  Lect.  I. 
Elizabeth,  H.R.H..  Princess,  3d  daughter  of  George 
III.  1.  Cupid  turned  Volunteer.  Lon.,  1808,  4to.  The 
poetical  illustrations  are  by  Thomas  Park.  2.  The  Power 
and  Progress  of  Genius,  in  a  series  of  21  Etchings,  1806, 
fol.  For  private  circulation  only.  3.  Six  Poems  (by  Wm. 
Coonibe)  illustrative  of  as  many  Engravings  from  designs 
by  H.R.H.,  1813.  4to. 
Elizabeth,  Charlotte.  See  Tonna,  Mrs. 
Kikes,  Richard.  Medicine  for  Soldiers,  Lon.,  1S43. 
Elkiu,  Ueuj.  Lett,  to  Editor  of  The  Voice  of  Jacob, 
rel.  to  the  Mishna.  Lon.,  1843. 

Elking,  Heury.  Interest  of  G.  Brit,  considered,  Lon., 

1723, 8vo.    Greenland  Trade  and  Whale-Fishery,  1722, 8vo. 

■■This  valuable  tract  embodies,  within  a  short  compass,  a  great 

deal  of  iuformatiou  respecting  the  early  history  of  the  whalo-Iish- 

ery." — McOuUoch's  Lit.  of  I^lit.  Econ. 

Elkin^toii.  Joseph.     See  Johnstone.  John. 
Ellaby,  Francis.  Church  of  the  Lord,Lon.,1838,12mo. 
Ellaby,  Janies,and  A.  S.  ThelAvall.     Anti-Mam- 
mon, or  an  Exposure  of  the  Unscriptural  Statements  of 
Mammon,  {by  Kev.  John  Harris,)  3d  edit.,  Lon.,  1837,  er. 
bvo.     See  Harris,  Jons. 

Ellesby,  James.     Serm..  16S4,  4to ;  do.,  1694,  4to. 
Ellesmere,  Couutess  of.      See   Egerton,  Lady 
Frances. 

See  Egerton,  Francis. 
See  Egerton,  Thomas. 
The  Mississippi  and  Ohio  Ri- 


Ellesmere,  Earl  of. 
Ellesmere,  Baron. 
Ellet,  Charles,  Jr. 

vers,  Phila.,  1853,  Svo. 

Ellet,  Elizabeth  F.,  a  daughter  of  Wm.  A.  Lummis, 
M.D.,  and  wife  of  Wm.  11.  Ellet,  M.D.,  late  Professor  of 


ELL 


ELL 


Chemistry  in  Columbia  College,  New  York  City,  and  in  the  j 
College  at  Columbia,  S.  Carolina,  is  a  native  of  Sodus,  New 
York.  Her  first  publication,  a  poem  in  the  American  La- 
dies' JNIagazine,  Boston,  appeared  in  1833,  and  a  trans,  of 
Silvio  Pcliico's  Euphemia  of  Messina,  in  1834 ;  since  which 
she  has  been  one  of  the  most  voluminous,  and  certainly 
one  of  the  most  popular,  writers  of  America.  We  give  a 
list  of  her  works:  1.  Poems,  Original  and  Selected,  1835, 
12mo.     2.    Teresa   Contariui ;  a  Tragedy  acted   in    1835. 

3.  Scenes   in   the   Life  of  Joanna  of  Sicily,   1S40,   12mo. 

4.  The  Characters  of  Schiller,  1841,  12mo.  5.  Rambles 
about  the  Country,  ISmo.  6.  Evenings  at  Woodlawn, 
12mo.  7.  The  "Women  of  the  American  Revolution,  1S4S, 
Ac,  3  vols.  12mo.  8.  Family  Pictures  from  tlie  Bible, 
I S40,  12mo.  9.  The  Domestic  History  of  the  American 
Revolution,  1850,  12mo.  10.  Watching  Spirits.  1851,  8vo. 
li.  Scripture  Gift  Book,  Svo.  12.  Pioneer  Women  of  the 
West,  1852,  12mo.  13.  Nouvellettes  of  the  Musicians, 
1 852,  12mo.  14.  Summer  Rambles  in  the  \Vest,  1853, 
12mo.  Mrs.  Ellet  has  contributed  many  articles  to  the 
North  American,  the  American  Quarterly,  and  the  South- 
ern Quarterly,  Reviews.  For  critical  notices  of  her  writ- 
ings, we  must  refer  the  reader  to  Griswold's  Female  Poets 
of  America,  Mrs.  Hale's  Woman's  Record,  Harfs  Female 
Prose  Writers  of  America,  and  the  Southern  Literary  Mes- 
senger, ii.  116. 

An  English  periodical  of  high  authority  and  most  vigor- 
ous tone  of  criticism   acknowledges  that 

"In  treating  the  Women  of  the  lleToIution,  Mrs.  Kllet  is  fair 
and  honest;  .  .  .  and  the  illustrations  whiuh  might  be  drawn  from 
a  book  like  this,  contain  a  lesson  neither  ephemeral  in  value  nor 
limited  in  its  application." — Lon.  Athtnirnvi. 

£llia9  Felix.  Norman  Banditti,  or  the  Fortress  of 
Constance;  a  Tale,  Lon.,  1799,  2  vols.  12mo. 

Ellicott,  Andrew,  1759-1820,  Prof,  of  Mathemat.  at 
West  Point,  N.  York;  Commissioner  of  the  U.  States.  His 
Journal:  rel.  to  Boundary  between  U.  States  and  Spain, 
Phila.,  1S03,  4to.  Astronom.,  &c.  con.  to  Trans.  Amer.  Soc, 
1793.  '99,  1802. 

EUicott,  C.  J.  Hist,  and  Obligation  of  the  Sabbath  : 
Ilulsean  Lecture,  Lon.,  1844,  Svo. 

£llicott,John.  Electricity,  Lon.,  1748,  4to.  Clocks, 
1753,  &c.,  4to.  Metals,  Diamonds,  Electricity,  Clocks; 
see  Phil.  Trans..  173(5,  '45.  '51. 

£Uiu^ton,  Edward.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1771,  Svo. 

Elliot.  Essays  upon  the  Husbandry  of  New  England, 
Lon.,  1764,  4to. 

Elliot  and  Strobel.  A  Digest  of  the  Militia  Law 
of  South  Carolina,  Charleston,  1834,  Svo. 

Elliot,  Miss.  Fancy's  W>eath ;  a  collec.  of  Fables 
and  Allegorical  Tales  in  Prose  and  Verse,  1S13,  Svo. 

Elliot,  Adam.     Vindic.  of  T.  Gates,  Lon.,  1682,  fol. 

Elliot,  Adam.     Travels,  Ac.  in  Fez. 

Elliot,  Charles,  D.D.,  b.  1792,  in  the  county  of  Do- 
negal, Ireland.  Indian  Missionary  Reminiscences,  N.  York, 
ISmo.  Delineation  of  Roman  Catholicism,  N.  York,  2  vols. 
Svo;  3d  ed.,  Lon.,  1851,  imp.  Svo.  This  distinguished  Me- 
thodist diviue  has  also  pub.  an  Essay  ou  Baptism,  (1834,) 
a  life  of  Rev.  Mr.  Roberts,  and  a  work  on  Slavery. 

Elliot,  Charles  H.  The  Republican,  in  a  Series  of 
Strictures  on  T.  Paine's  Rights  of  Man,  Lon.,  1791,  Svo. 

Elliot,  E.      Paraphrase  of  Job,  1792.  12mo. 

Elliot,  George,  Life  of  the  Duke  of  Wellington, 
Lon.,  1815,  Svo.     A  Narrative  of  his  Life,  Svo. 

Elliot,  Sir  Gilbert,  d.  1777,  distinguished  as  a  par- 
liamentary speaker,  and  father  of  the  first  Earl  of  Minto, 
wrote  "the  beautiful  pastoral  song"  (Sir  Walter  Scott)  be- 
ginning with  the  lines — 

"  My  sheep  I  neglected.  I  broke  my  sheep-book. 
And  all  the  gay  haunts  of  my  youth  I  foisook." 

Elliot,  Gilbert,  D.D.,  Dean  of  Bristol.  Serms.,  Lon., 
1850.  Svo.  Speech.  Bristol.  1850, 12mo.  Letter.  1851,  12mo. 

Elliot,  James,  is  well  known  as  the  author  of  several 
valuable  works  on  Geometry,  Mensuration,  Trigonometry, 
Algebra,  Ac,  Lon.,  1845-51. 

'■These  books  [on  Geometry  and  Mensuration]  are  the  work  of  a 
man  who  is  both  an  able  practical  Mathematician,  and  an  expe- 
rienced TeiichHr." — L&n.  Spectatoi; 

Elliot,  Miss  Jane,  sister  to  Sir  Gilbert  Elliot,  of 
Minto,  gained  considerable  reputation  by  her  song  entitled 
"Flowers  of  the  Forest" — a  dirge  for  the  slain  at  Flodden 
Field.  It  has  been  placed  in  competition  with  Mrs.  Cathe- 
rine Cockburn's  song  of  the  same  title. 

Elliot,  Sir  John.  Speech,  Lon.,  1641,  4to.  Argts. 
upon  the  Writ  of  Habeas  Corpus  contg.  Loans  in  the  K.  B. 

Elliot,  or  Elliott,  John,  M.D.,  d.  1786.  Works  on 
medicine,  physiology,  and  nat.  philos.,  Lon.,  1780-87. 

Elliot,  li,,  d.  1788,  formerly  of   Bene't  Coll.,  Camb., 


was  a  native  of  Kingsbridge,  Devon.  Serms.  and  thcolog. 
treatises,  1788-1813. 

Elliot,  Robert.     Spec,  of  Burnet's  Hist.,  1715,  Svo. 

Elliot,  Robert,  Capt.  R.N.  Views  in  the  East;  from 
Sketches  by  Capt.  E.,  imp.  Svo,  r.  4to,  and  imp.  4to. 

Elliot,  Samuel  H.,  b.  1809,  at  Brattleborough,  Ver- 
mont. 1.  Rolling  Bridge,  Bost.,  1838,  16mo.  2.  Sequel 
to  No.  1,  1844,  16mo.  3.  Emily  Maria,  N.  York,  1844, 
16mo.  4.  The  Parish  Side,  1854,  12ino.  5.  Dreams  and 
Realities,  1856,  12mo.  6.  New  England's  Chattels,  1858, 
12mo.     Also  papers  in  periodicals. 

Elliot,  Thos,    Chemistry  and  Nat.  Hist.,  1784.  2  vols. 

Elliotson,  John,  M.D.,  b.  London,  towards  the  close 
of  the  18th  century  ;  Pres.  Rny.  Mod.  and  Chir.  Soc,  Lon.  ; 
Prof.  Principles  and  Practice  uf  Medirine,  &c.  Univ.  Coll., 
Lou.;  Lecturer  on  the  Practice  of  Medicine,  St.  Thomas's 
Hospital,  Lon.  1.  Cases  of  the  Hydrocyanic  or  Prussia 
Acid,  Lon.,  1820,  Svo.  2.  Lectures  on  Diseases  of  the 
Heart,  1830,  fol.  3.  Principles  and  Practice  of  Medicine, 
1839,  Svo;  2d  ed.,  by  Drs.  N.  Rogers  and  A.  Cooper  Lee, 
1842.  Svo,  pp.  1232.  Amer.  ed.,  with  Notes  and  Additions 
by  T.  Stewardson,  Phila.,  1S44,  Svo.  This  valuable  work 
has  been  trans,  into  the  German  and  other  languages.  4. 
Human  Physiology,  1840,  '56,  Svo.  5.  Surgical  Operations 
in  the  Mesmeric  State  without  Pain,  1S43,  Svo, 

Elliott,  C.  B.  1.  Letters  from  the  North  of  Europe, 
Lon.,  Svo.     Commended  by  Lun.  Lit.  Gaz. 

2.  Travels  in  Austria,  Rusi^ia,  and  Turkey,  1838,  2  vols. 

Elliott,  Charles  B.,  Rector  of  Tattingstone.  The 
Vicissitudes  of  I-ife;  a  Serm.,  Godalming,  1838,  Svo.       ♦ 

Elliott,  Ebenezer,  1781-1849,  known  by  the  title  of 
**The  Corn-Law  Rhymer,"  was  a  native  of  Masborough, 
near  Rotherham.  Yorkshire.  His  father  was  a  clerk  in  the 
Iron-works,  at  a  salary  of  £70  per  annum,  with  which  a 
family  of  eight  children  were  to  be  supported.  Obliged  to 
commence  hard  labour  at  an  early  age  in  the  foundry,  there 
seemed  to  be  little  prospect  of  that  literary  reputation  which 
the  industrious  operative  was  destined  to  achieve.  A  taste 
for  reading,  however,  triumphed  over  all  obstacles,  and  a 
warm  admiration  of  poetry,  especially  the  rural  pictures 
of  Thomson,  soon  resulted  in  an  attempt  at  imitation,  which 
was  sufficiently  successful  to  excite  the  astonishment  of 
several  literary  gentlemen,  who  determined  that  such 
powers  should  not  be  allowed  to  lie  dormant.  His  first 
publication  was  the  Vernal  Walk,  written  in  his  17th  year. 
He  nest  gave  to  the  world  "Night,"  a  portion  of  which  is 
repub.  in  his  works  under  the  title  of  the  Legend  of  Wliarn- 
cliffe.  This  was  severely  handled  by  the  Monthly  Review 
and  the  Monthly  Magazine  ;  but  Elliott  was  not  easily  dis- 
couraged, and  again  ventured  before  the  public  in  a  volume 
of  Poems,  which  was  also  unsuccessful.  But  Southey  con- 
soled the  author; 

"There  is  power  in  the  least  of  these  tales,  but  the  higher  you 
pitch  your  tone  the  better  you  succeed.  Thirty  years  ago  they 
would  have  made  your  ri-putatian  ;  thirty  years  Jie7i<x  the  world  wil! 
wondtjr  that  they  did  not  do  so." 

To  this  volume  succeeded  the  Poem  of  Love,  prefaced 
by  a  savage  attack  upon  Byron's  Giaour;  to  which  his 
lordship  deigned  no  reply. 

Deserting  the  tender  themes  which  had  heretofore  in- 
spired his  muse,  Elliott  now  a])peared  in  the  character  of 
the  Corn-Law  Rhymer.  The  '■  Corn-Law  Rhymes" — urg- 
ing the  repeal  of  the  duties  and  free  trade  in  bread-stuffs — 
were  pub.  in  the  same  vol.  with  The  Ranter.  In  1829  he 
gave  to  the  world  "The  Village  Patriarch,"  and  in  1831 
contributed  to  the  New  Monthly  Magazine  a  Spenserian 
poem  entitled  "Byron  and  Napoleon,  or  they  met  in  Hea- 
ven." In  the  same  year  appeared  the  3d  edit,  of  Love, 
and  the  3d  edit,  of  Corn-Law  Rhymes.  The  "  Poet  of  the 
People"  had  now  gained  sufficient  reputation  to  justify  his 
favouring  the  public  with  a  collective  edit,  of  his  poems. 
They  appeared  in  three  vols.,  Lon.,  12mo,  1833,  '34,  '35; 
and  in  1840  an  edit,  was  issued  in  one  vol.  r.  8v6.  For 
further  particuhirs  respecting  Elliott,  sec  a  sketch  of  his 
life  (chiefly  taken  from  a  memoir  in  the  Sheffield  and  Ro- 
therham Independent)  in  the  Gent.  Mag.,  Feb.,  1850,  to 
which  we  are  indebted  for  the  above  facts.  See  also  The 
Life,  Character,  and  Genius  of  Ebenezer  Elliott,  by  J.  Serle, 
1850,  ISmo,  Poetry  and  Letters,  by  J.  Watkins,  1850,  p. 
Svo,  and  More  Verse  and  Prose,  vols.  i.  and  ii.,  1850,  i2mo. 
An  article  on  Elliott  will  be  found  in  Chambers's  Papers 
for  the  People,  and  an  autobiographical  Memoir  in  the 
London  Athenaeum  for  Jan.  1850.  By  his  attention  to  the 
iron  business,  in  which  he  was  engaged,  he  was  enabled  to 
gain  a  respectable  competence.  AVe  give  extracts  from  the 
opinions  of  several  known  authorities  respecting  the  merits 
,  of  Elliott  as  a  poet.     The  reviewer,  after  referring  to  tha 

551 


ELL 


ELL 


remarkable  dearth  of  true  poetry  which  distinguished  the  ' 
day,  proceeds  : 

*'lf  the  whole  welkin  hang  overcast  in  drizzly  dinyiness,  the  ^ 
fet-ljlest  li^ht-gleam  or  speck  of  blue  cannot  pass  uuheeded.    The  i 
Works  of  tUis  Curn-Law  Khynier  we  might  liken  ratht-r  to  some 
little  fraction  of  a  rainbow:  hues  of  joy  Jind  harmony,  painted  out  , 
of  troublous  tears.     No  round  full  bow,  indeed;  gloriously  span- 
ning the  Heavens;  shone  on  by  the  full  sun;  and,  with  seven- 
striped,  golden-crimson  border  (as  is  in  some  sort  the  office  of 
Poetry)  dividing  Black  from  Brilliant:  not  such;  alas,  still  far 
from  it !     Yet,  iu  very  truth,  a  little  prismatic  blush,  trlowing  genu- 
ine among  the  wet  clouds;  which  proceeds,  if  you  Mill,  fmiii  ;t  sun 
cloud-hiddfu,  yet  indiaites  that  a  sun  does  shine,  aud  almx,-  thnse 
vapours,  a  whole  azure  vault  and   celestial   firmament   stretch 
serene." — Tho.mxs  Cabltle:  Eihn.  i?«f..  Iv.  33S. 

"Ebenezer  Klliott  (of  whom  more  another  day)  claims  with  pride 
to  be  the  Poet  of  the  Poor— and  the  poor  might  well  be  proud,  did 
they  know  it,  that  they  have  suchapoet.  Notafewof  them  know 
it  now— and  many  will  know  it  in  future;  fur  a  muse  of  fire  like 
his  will  yet  send  its  illumination  -into  deep,  dark  holds.'  May  it 
consume  all  the  noxious  vapours  that  intist  snrh  n^iions— and 
purify  the  atmosphere— till  the  air  breathed  IIrmt  be  thi^  breath  of 
fife."_i>R0F.  Wilson  :  Kecreations  of  Ciu~isti'phcr  Ni>rtk—aii  Hour's 
Talk  about  Poeinj. 

"  Ilis  sky  never  shows  the  calm,  clear,  unclouded  summer  blue; 
some  speck  on  the  horizon,  although  no  bigger  than  a  man's  hand, 
ever  predicates  storm ;  and  It  is  impossible  to  mistake  Elliott's  moor- 
lands for  the  Klysian  fields.  As  a  depicter  of  the  phases  of  hu- 
manity, his  portraits  are  almost  all  of  one  class;  and  with  that 
class  are  identified  his  entire  sympathies,  llenco  it  is  that  he 
seems  deficient  in  that  genial  spirit  which  characterizes  more  ca- 
tholic natures:  in  those  expansive  feelings  which  embrace  society 
in  all  its  aspects;  in  those  touches  which  'make  all  flesh  kin.'" — 
Moir's  Poet.  Lit.  of  the  Past  Half  Century. 

"The  inspiration  of  his  verse  is  a  fiery  hatred  of  injustice.  "With- 
out possessing  much  creative  power,  he  almost  places  himself  be- 
%teide  men  of  genius  by  the  singular  intensity  and  might  of  his 
sensibility.  He  understands  very  well  the  art  of  condeosing  pas- 
sion. '  Spread  out  the  thunder.'  says  Schiller. '  into  its  single  tones, 
and  it  becomes  a  lullaby  for  children;  pour  it  forth  together,  in  one 
quick  peal,  and  the  royal  sound  shall  move  the  heaveus.'  The 
great  ambition  of  Elliott  is  to  thunder.  He  is  a  brawny  man,  of 
nature's  own  make,  with  more  than  the  usual  portion  of  the  an- 
cient Adam  stirring  within  him;  and  he  says,  '1  do  well  to  be  an- 
gry.' The  mere  sight  of  tyranny,  bigotry,  meanness,  prompts  his 
smiting  invective.  His  poetry  could  hardly  have  been  Avritteu  by 
a  man  who  was  not  physically  strong.  You  can  hear  the  ring  of 
his  anvil,  and  see  the  sparks  tly  off  from  his  furnace,  as  you  read 
his  verse." — Einvix  1'.  Whipple:  Essays  and  Iievi<^ios — Eng.  Poets 
of  the  Kind'cnlli  (••ntary. 

"I  am  ijuite  willing  to  hazard  any  critical  credit,  by  avowing 
my  persuasion,  that  in  originality,  power,  and  even  beauty,  when 
he  chose  to  be  beautiful,  he  might  have  measured  heads  beside 
Byron  in  tremendous  energy,  Crabbe  in  graphic  description,  and 
Coleridge  in  effusions  of  domestic  tenderness;  while  in  intense 
sympathy  with  the  poor,  in  whatever  he  deemed  their  wi-ongs  or 
their  sufferings,  he  e.tcelled  them  all — and  pei'haps  everybody  else 
among  contemporaries,  in  prose  or  verse.  He  was,  in  a  transcend- 
ental sense,  the  port  of  the  pfjor,  whom,  if  not  always  wisfly,  I  at 
least  dare  not  say.  he  loved  too  xodl.  His  personal  character,  his 
fortunes,  and  his  genius,  would  require,  and  they  deserve,  a  full  in- 
vestigation, as  furnishing  an  extraordinary  study  of  human  na- 
ture."— .Tamrs  ■\IONT(iOMERT;  rffereMC-c  tr>  Mnnriir  ahore.  See  also 
Allan  Cunningham's  Biog.  and  Crit.  Uist.  of  the  Lit.  of  the  last 
Fifty  Years. 

Klliott,  Edward  B,,  Preb.  of  Ileyteshury.     1.  Horjje 
Apocalypticae,  4th  ed.,  Lon.,  1851,  4  vols.  Svo. 
•'An  exceedingly  valuable  work.'' — Bickersteth''s  C.  S. 

2.  Reply  to  T.  K.  Arnold.  1845,  Svo.  3.  Reply  to  Dr. 
Candlish,  1847,  Svo.  4.  Vindicia3  Horariae.  Letters  to 
Dr.  Keith,  1848.  Svo. 

Elliott,  Frank  R.,  h.  1817,  at  Guilford,  Connecticut. 
American  Fruit-Grower's  Guide,  N.  York,  1854,  12mo. 
Contributions  to  various  agricult.  and  horticult.  journals 
of  the  U.  States. 

Elliott,  George  Percy.  Qualifications,  &c.  of  Par- 
liamentary Electors  in  Eng.  and  Wales,  2ded.,  Lon.,  1843, 
12m  0. 

Elliott,  H.  M.  Bibliographical  Index  to  Mohammedan 
History,  vol.  i.,  Lon.,  1819,  Svo. 

Elliott,  Henry  Venn.  Serm.  on  the  death  of  the 
Rev.  Henry  Murtlock. with  a  brief  Memoir. Lon. ,lS37,12mo. 

Elliotts  Jonathan.  The  American  Diplomatic  Code, 
■with  Treaties,  Ac,  1778-1834,  Wash.,  ISIM,  2  vols.  Svo. 

*'lt  appears  to  me  to  be  a  very  valuable  work  for  all  persons  who 
desire  to  have  a  knowledge  of  our  Diplomatic  History,  of  our  Trea- 
ties, and  of  the  general  principles  of  Public  Law  applicable  to  our 
iForeign  Relations.  It  seems  to  me.  also,  almost  indisp4^nsable  for 
the  library  of  a  statesman,  and  the  researches  of  a  j  urist." — Joseph 
Stoey,  Washinfjton,  lib.  15,  1834. 

Debates  in  the  Several  State  Conventions  on  the  Adop- 
tion of  the  Federal  Constitution  ;  2d  ed.,  1836,  4  vols.  Svo. 
Supplement,  (vol,  v.,)  1843,  Svo  ;  new  ed.,  revised,  Phila., 
1858.  5  vols.  Svo. 

Elliott,  Mary.  Tales  for  Boys.  183*).  ISmo;  for  Girls, 
1845.  ISmo:  of  Trutli,  1840.  12mo;  for  the  Young,  1852, 
ISmo;  for  Young  People,  new  edit.,  1852,  ISmo.  Other 
works  for  the  young. 

552 


Elliott,  Stephen,  LL.D.,  1771-1830,  Professor  of 
Botany  iu  the  Medical  College  of  S.C,  was  a  native  of 
Beaufort,  S.C.  He  was  one  of  the  principal  conductors  of 
the  Soutiiern  Review,  and  an  accomplished  scholar.  Sketch 
of  the  Botany  of  S.  Carolina  and  Georgia,  Charleston,  S.C, 
1821.2  vols.'Svo. 

Elliott,  Stephen,  Jr.,  D.D.,  b.  1806,  at  Beaufort,  S.C. 
formerly  Pruf.  of  Sacred  Literature  in  the  S.C.  College,  was 
ordained  deacon  in  1835  and  priest  iu  '36;  consecrated 
Bislmp  of  Geor-jia  iu  1841.     Sermons,  <fec. 

Elliott,  William,  b.  1788,  at  Beaufort,  S.C,  a  nephew 
of  Stephen  Elliott.  LL.D.  1.  Address  before  the  St.  Paul's 
Agricultural  Society,  Charleston,  1850.  2.  Fiesco;  a 
Tragedy,  printed  for  the  Author,  N.Y.,  1850,  12mo.  3. 
Carolina  Sports  by  Land  and  Water,  Charleston,  1856, 
12mo.     See  Duyckiucks'  Cyc.  of  Amer.  Lit. 

Ellis.     New  Britain;  a  Narrative  of  a  Journey  to  a 
country  in  the  Plain  of  the  Missouri.  Lon.,  1820,  Svo. 
"  A  work  of  tiction,  descriptive  of  a  Utopian  state  of  society." 
Ellis*    The  Clergyman's  Assistant ;  new  ed.,  Oxf.,  1S2S, 
Svo.     A  useful  work  on  the  legal  and  ecclesiastical  rights, 
duties,  and  liabilities  of  the  clergy. 

Ellis,  Dr.  Summary  of  the  Koman  Law,  takea  from 
Dr.  Taylor's  Elements  of  the  Civil  Law,  Lon.,  1772,  Svo. 

Ellis,  Benjamin,  M.D.  The  Medical  Formulary. 
Corrected  and  extended  by  S.  G.  Morton,  M.D.,  Phila., 
1849,  Svo ;  10th  ed.,  revised  and  enlarged  to  1854,  by  Ro- 
bert P.  Thomas.  M.D.,  Prof,  of  Materia  Medica  in  the  Phil. 
Coll.  of  Pharmacy,  1854,  Svo. 

"Particularly  useful  to  students  and  young  practitioners." — 
Charleston  JUrd.  Jour,  and  Iici\ 

Ellis,  Rev.  Charles.  Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1703; 
on  Printing ;  boy  with  letters  in  his  eye.  &c. 

Ellis,  Charles,     1.  Pleadiuiis  in  Suits  for  Tithes  in 
Equity,  Ac,  Lon.,  1821.  Svo.     2.  Law  of  Debtor  and  Credi- 
tor, 1822,  r.  Svo.     3.  Law  of  Fire  and  Life  Insurance  and 
I  Annuities,  1832,  Svo;  2d  ed..  1846. 

!      Ellis,  Charles  Thomas.     1.  Solicitor's  Instructor 
in  Parliament,  Lon.,  1799.  Svo.     2.  Practical  Remarks  and 
I  Prac.  of  Proceed,  iu   Pari,  on   Private   Bills,  1810,  Svo; 
App.,  1811. 

Ellis,  Clement,  1630-1700,  Preb.  of  Southwell,  1693. 
Poem,  Oxf.,  165S.  Poem,  Lon.,  1660,  fol.  He  pub.  a  num- 
ber of  semis,  and  tbeolog.  treati-scs,  1661-1700,  and  some 
were  pub.  after  his  death.  Discourse  on  the  Parables,  with 
an  Account  of  his  Life  and  Writings,  1704,  Svo.  The  Scrip- 
ture Catechist,  being  a  full  Expl.  of  the  Ch.  Catechism, 
1738,  Svo. 

"  His  writings  in  practical  theology  are  distinguished  for  eminent 
and  fervent  piety,  soundness  ofdoctrine.  and  a  vigorous,  unaffected, 
manly  style."'  See  Athen.Oxon.:  Wordsworth's  Kcclus.  liiog. ;  Chal- 
mers's Biog.  IMct.;  }!ickersteth"8  C.  S. 

Ellis,  Daniel.  Inquiry  into  the  Changes  induced  in 
Atmospheric  Air  by  the  Germination  of  Seeds,  the  Vege- 
tation of  Plants,  and  the  Respiration  of  Animals,  Edin., 
1807,  Svo.  Further  Inquiries,  &c.,  1811,  Svo.  This  is  a 
valuable  work  upon  a  very  important  subject. 
Ellis,  Dom.  SiTm..*Lou.,  168.^,  '86,  4to. 
Ellis,  Elis,  or  Elys,  Edmund.  Dia  Poemata,  Lon., 
1655,  12mo.  Divine  Poems,  Oxon.,  1658,  Svo.  Exclama- 
tion agst.  an  Apology  for  Cowley's  verses,  Lon.,  1670,  4to. 
Omnis  qui  audiunt  Evangelium,  &c.,  1677,  Svo.  For  an 
account  of  this  divine  and  his  numerous  publications,  see 
Wood's  Athen.  Oxnu. 

Ellis,  Edward*  A  Sudden  and  Cloudy  Messenger, 
Lon.,  1619,  4to. 

Ellis,  Gcorg:e,  1745-1815,  w.ns  a  contributor  to  The 
RoUiad.  and  tiic  Probationary  Odes,  in  which  Mr.  Pitt  met 
with  no  mercy.  1.  IMemoir  of  a  Map  of  the  Countries  be- 
tween the  Black  Sea  and  the  Caspian,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1788,  4to; 
anon.  2.  Fabliaux  trans,  from  Lc  Grand  by  G.  L.  Wav, 
with  Pref.  Notes,  and  App.  by  G.  Ellis,  1796-lSOO,  2  vols. 
Svo.  3.  Specimens  of  tije  Early  English  Poets.  1790,  Svo; 
ISOl,  '03,  3  vols.  8vo;  4th  ed.."l811,  3  vols.  Svo;  5th  ed., 
1845,  3  vols.  fp.  Svo;  1851.  This  is  a  work  of  consider- 
able value,  and  should  be  in  all  good  libraries.  It  elicited 
Southey's  Specimens  of  the  Later  English  Poets.  See 
Southey's  Life  and  Correspondence.  Ellis's  Specimens  of 
the  Early  English  Poets  is  noticed  by  an  eminent  critic,  as 
"  In  some  respects  a  judicious  and  entt.Ttaiuing  miscellany,  ai^ 
ranged  in  chronological  order:  hut  the  mutilation  of  several  of  the 
poems  at  the  mercy  of  the  editor,  with  only  a  general  acknowledg- 
ment in  the  preface,  seems  verv  repieln-nsible," — Sir  S.  E.  Brvdges: 
Pref.  to  his  ed.  of  Phillips's  theat.  P.et.  Awjlic. 

4.  Specimens  of  Early  English  Romances  in  Metre.  1805, 
3  vols.  Svo;  2d  ed..  1811,3  vols.  cr.  Svo.  New  ed.,  revised 
by  J.  0.  HalliwelU  Esq.,  F.R.S.,  1848,  sm.  Svo.  An  excel- 
lent work.  Sir  Walter  Scott  addressed  to  Ellis  the  5th 
canto  of  Marmion. 


ELL 

"  Qairgo  Ellis  wns  tin-  first  converse!- 1  ever  saw.  His  patience 
anJ  good  breeainj;  maJe  lue  often  ashamed  of  myself,  going  off  at 
score  upon  some  favourite  topic.''— 5ir  Walter  Scott's  Diary. 

Ellis,  Rev.  George  E.,  b.  1815,  Boston.  To  this 
"entlcman  wo  are  indebted  for  three  of  the  Lives  in  the 
Second  Series  of  Sparks's  American  Biography,— viz. :  1. 
,lohn  Mason,  iii.  307 ;  2.  Anne  Hutchinson,  vi.  107  ;  3. 
William  Ponn,  xii.  193.     Contrib.  to  the  N.  Amer.  Rev. 

Ellis,  George  James  Welbore  Agar,  Baron 
Dover,  1797-liS33,  was  in  1832  elected  President  of  the 
Royal  Society  of  Literature.  1.  The  True  History  of  the 
State  Prisoner,  commonly  called  "  The  Iron  Mask,"  ex- 
tracted from  Documents  in  the  French  Archives,  Lon., 
1S26,  8vo.  2.  Cat.  of  the  Principal  Pictures  in  Flanders 
and  Holland,  1822,  '26,  8vo.  Privately  printed.  3.  His- 
torical Ini|Uirics  respecting  the  Character  of  Edward  Hyde, 
Earl  of  Clarendon,  1827,  cr.  8vo.  4.  The  Ellis  Corre- 
spondence, illustrative  of  the  Revolution  of  1688,  1828, 
2  vols.  Svo. 

"  This  collection  refers  to  times  in  the  account  of  which  the  very 
spirit  of  our  history  is  concentrated.  The  more  we  have  of  such 
works,  the  better  will  history  be  studied,  the  more  perfectly  will  it 
be  known." — Lon.  Month.  Rev. 

b.  Life  of  Fred,  the  Second,  K.  of  Prussia,  1831, 2  vols.  8vo. 

'■  A  most  delightful  and  comprehensive  work,— .judicious  in  se- 
lection, intelligent  in  anangement,  and  graceful  in  style."- ion. 

Lord  Dover  also  edited  the  Letter.s  of  Horace  W.alpolc 
to  Sir  Horace  Mann,  and  left  in  MSS.,  written  for  the  in- 
struction of  his  son,  a  vol.  entitled  Lives  of  the  Most  Eiiti- 
nent  Sovereigns  of  Modern  Europe,  the  4th  ed.  of  which 
was  pub.  in  1853, 12mo.  Lord  Dover  was  a  contributor  to 
the  Edinburgh  and  Lon.  Quarterly  Reviews  and  other 
periodicals. 

Ellis,  George  Viiier,  of  University  Coll.,  London. 
Demonstrations  of  Anatomy  ;  being  a  (juide  to  the  Dissec- 
tion of  the  Human  Body,  Lon.,  1841,  p.  Svo  ;  2d  ed.,  1848  ; 
3d  ed.,  1852;  4th  cd.,  1S56,  p.  Svo. 

'•We  are  convinced  that  it  will  quickly  become  the  general  text- 
book of  every  working  student  in  anatomy."— Srrt.  and  Fur.  Med 
Rti'..  ,Tan.  1S41. 

Ellis,  II.  The  Rhyme-Book.  Lon.,  1851,  r.  Svo.  One 
of  tho  many  works  elicited  by  the  Great  Exhibition  in 
London  in  1S51. 

Ellis,  Henry",  Governor  of  Georgia.  A  Voyage  to 
Hudson's  Bay  in  1746,  '47,  for  discovering  a  N.  West  Pass- 
age, Lon.,  1848,  Svo. 

"Some  important  facts  and  remarks  relating  to  Hudson's  Bay 
are  given  in  this  Voyage."— S(€reHS07i's  Voyages  and  Travels. 

Considerations,  Ac.  rel.  to  the  N.  West  Passage,  1750,  4to. 
Dr.  Hale's  Ventilators,  Ac;  Phil.  Trans.,  1751.  Heat  of 
the  Weather  in  Georgia;  ib.,  1758. 

Ellis,  Sir  Henry,  K.C.B.,  d.  1855.  Journal  of  tho 
Proceedings  of  the  Late  Emba,ssy  [Lord  Amherst's]  to 
China,  Lon.,  1817,  4to;  1818,  2  vols.  Svo.  An  interest- 
ing and  valuable  work.  See  Abel,  Clark,  M.D.  ;  Lon. 
Gent.  Mag..  Dec.  1855. 

Ellis,  Sir  Henry,  K.H.,  b.  1777,  Principal  Librarian 
of  tho  Briti.sh  Museum  1827-56,  and  Librarian  since 
1805.  ].  Hist,  and  Antiq.  of  the  Parish  of  St.  Leonard 
Shoreditch,  and  Liberty  of  Norton  Falgatc,  in  the  Suburbs 
of  London.  Lon.,  1798,'  4to.  2.  Tho  New  Channel  of  Eng- 
land and  France,  by  Robert  Fabian  ;  from  Pynson's  ed.  of 
1516,  collated  with  subsequent  eds.,  Ac.  and  including  the 
Different  Continu.ations;  with  a  Biographical  Preface,  ISll, 
r.  4to.  3.  The  Channels  of  John  Hardyng ;  with  a  Con- 
tinuation by  Richard  Grafton.  To  which  are  added  a 
Preface  and"  Introduction,  1812,  4to.  4.  Brand's  Popular 
Antiquities,  revised,  with  various  Addits.,  1813,  2  vols.  4to  ; 
new  ed.,  1842,  3  vols.  12mo;  1849,  3  vols.  12mo.  An  in- 
teresting and  valuable  work,  the  foundation  of  which  was 
Henry  Bourne's  .\nli({nitates  Vulgaros.  first  pub.  1725,  Svo. 
5.  Original  Letters  illustrative  of  English  History,  from 
Autographs  in  the  British  Museum  and  one  or  two  oilier 
collections,  with  Notes  and  Illustrations.  1st  series,  1824, 
3  vols.  p.  Svo;  2d  series,  1827,  4  vols.  p.  8vo ;  3d  series, 
1S46,  4  vols.  p.  Svo;  new  ed.,  1848. 

"  We  rise  from  the  study  of  these  very  interesting  volumes  with 
renewed  gratitude  to  the  learned  editor." — Ixlin.  Revievj. 

"We  have  now  but  to  say  that  we  are  delighted  with  these 
volumes,  and  to  recommend  them  .iltogether  as  deserving  of  the 
utmost  public  favour — for  entertaining  narrative — for  the  correct- 
ness of  long-received  historical  theories;  for  the  development  of 
£imous  characters;  for  the  discovery  of  new  and  important  facts; 
and,  in  short,  for  every  thing  that  renders  such  a  collection  inte- 
resting in  a  country  that  is  keenly  alive  to  the  value  of  such  re- 
searches.''— Ij"n.  Lit.  Gaz. 

To  these  vols,  should  bo  added  Letters  of  the  Kings  of 
England,  (Rich.  I.  to  the  end  of  Chas.  I..)  now  first  pub., 
with  Notes,  Ac,  by  J.  0.  Halliwell,  1846,  2  vols.  p.  Svo; 
and  Letters  of  Royal  and  Illustrious  Ladies  of  Great  Bri- 


ELL 

tain,  now  first  pub.,  with  Notes,  Ac,  by  Mrs.  Wood,  1846, 
3  vols.  p.  Svo. 

6.  Elgin  and  Phigalean  Marbles  of  the  Classic  Ages, 
1S47,  2  vols.  12mo.  7.  Townley  Gallery  of  Classic  Sculp- 
ture, 1847,  2  vols.  12mo.  To  Sir  Henry  we  are  likewise 
indebted  for  his  labours  in  the  preparation  of  the  new  edi- 
tion of  Dugdale's  Mouasticon  Anglicanum,  and  the  History 
of  St.  Paul's  Cathedral,  the  compilation  (in  conjunction 
with  Mr.  Babcr)  of  the  Catalogue  of  the  Printed  Books  in 
the  British  Museum,  and  contributions  to  Dibdin's  Biblio- 
mania, the  Archaeologia,  and  other  valuable  records  of  the 
literature  of  tho  past  ages.  See  Nichols's  Illust.  Lit.  Hist., 
viii..  Indexes,  1S5S  ;  Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  March,  1836,  275. 
Ellis,  Humphrey.  Two  Serms.,  "Lon.,  1647,  4to. 
Psevdo-Christus;  or  the  impostures  of  Fornkelin,  Ac, 
1650,  4to. 
Ellis,  J.  Abridgt.  of  Murray's  Grammar,  Lon. 
Ellis,  James.  Law  Suits  relative  to  Property  devoted 
to  Pious  Uses  in  Rehoboth,  Warren,  1795,  12mo. 

Ellis,  or  Elis,  John,  Rector  of  St.  Mary's,  Dolgclly, 
Merionethshire,  d.  1665.  Comment,  in  Obadiam,  Lon.,  1641, 
Svo.  Clavis  Fidei,  Oxon.,  1642,  '43,  Svo.  Articulorum 
xxxix.  Ecclesiaj  Anglicana;  defonsio,  Amst.,  1696,  12mo. 

Ellis,  John,  Jr.  Serm.,  Lon.,  1643,  4to.  Vindiciaj 
Catholicw,  1647,4to.  Infant  Baptism,  1659,  Svo.  Retrac- 
tions and  Repentings,  1662. 

Ellis,  John.     Collectors  of  Excise,  1736,  Svo. 
Ellis,  John,  D.D.,  Vicar  of  St.  Catherine's,  Dublin. 
The   Knowledge  of  Divine   Things  from  Revelation,  not 
from  Reason  or  Nature,  Lon.,  1743,  Svo;  1747,  '71;  new 
ed.,  1811.  Svo. 

'■  A  valuable  Treatise,  with  much  new  and  original  thinking." — 
Biclerstelh's  r.  S. 

'■No  divine  (Uishop  Butler,  perhaps,  only  exceptedl  appears  to 
have  possessed  greater  maturity  of  thought,  and  a  richer  vein  of 
original  conception." — Lowndes's  Brit.  Lib. 

An  Inquiry  whence  conieth  Knowledge  and  Understand- 
ing to  Man,  1757,  Svo.  Appended  to  last  ed.  of  above  work. 
To  the  Knowledge  of  Divine  Things  was  subsequently 
added  Some  Considerations  upon  Mr.  Locke's  Hypothesis, 
That  tho  Knowledge  of  God  is  attainable  by  ideas  of  re- 
flection. 

Ellis,  John,  1698-1791,  a  literary  money-scrivener, 
memorable  as  the  subject  of  great  partiality  upon  the  part 
of  Dr.  Johnson,  Dr.  King,  and  Lord  Orrery,  was  fond  of 
translating  L.atin  into  English  verses,  and  perpetrating 
poetical  squibs  and  epigrams.  The  South  Sea  Dream;  a 
Poem  in  Hudibrastic  Verso,  1720.  A  trans,  from  the  Latin 
of  The  Surprise;  or,  the  Gentleman  turned  Apothecary, 
Lon.,  1739,  12mo.  Written  originally  in  French  prose. 
M.arston  Moor;  sive  do  obsidiiiuo  pra;Uoque  Eiioraconsi 
Carmen,  Lib.  vi.,  1750,  4to.  His  Travesty  of  Maphseus 
appeared  under  the  following  title  : 

"The  Canto  added  by  Jlaphseus 
To  Virgil's  twelve  books  of  iTlneas; 
From  the  orii;inal  bombastic. 
Done  in  English  Hudibrastic, 
M'ith  notes  beneath,  and  Latin  text 
In  every  other  page  annexed." — 1758. 
Ellis  always  pub.  anonymously.     He  contributed  some 
of  the  poems  in  Dodsley's  collection. 

"  It  is  wonderful,  sir.  what  is  to  be  found  in  London.  The  most 
literary  conversation  that  I  ever  enjoyed  was  .it  the  table  of  .Jack 
Ellis,  a  money-siriveuer.  behind  the  Hoyal  Exchange,  with  whom 
at  one  period'l  used  to  dfne  generally  once  a  week."— Br.  Julinson's 
remarlc  to  Bnsivell.  , ,  ■    -    j 

"  I  visited  him  [Ellis]  in  his  ninety-third  year,  .and  found  Ins  judg- 
ment distinct  and  clear,  and  his  memory,  though  faded  so  as  to  fail 
him  occasionally,  yet,  as  he  assured  me,  and  I  indeed  perceived, 
able  to  serve  him  very  well,  after  a  little  recollection."— Uoswell. 
Ellis,  John,  b.  about  1710,  d.  1776,  an  eminent  natu- 
ralist. An  Essay  towards  a  Natural  History  of  the  Conal- 
lines,  Ac,  Lon.,  1755,  4to.  Hist.  Account  of  Coffee,  1774, 
4to.  Mongostan  and  Bread  Fruit,  1775.  4to.  Treatise  on 
Cattle,  1776,  Svo.  Nat.  Hist,  of  Zoophytes,  17S6,  4to.  For 
other  publications  of  Ellis,  and  his  contributions  to  Phil. 
Trans.,  1752-76,  see  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit. 

Ellis,  Robert  Leslie,  in  conjunction  with  James 
Spedding  and  Douglas  Denon  Heath,  commenced  in  1855 
tho  preparation  of  a  new  and  complete  edition  of  tho  Works 
of  Francis  Bacon.  The  First  Division— the  Philosophical 
Works- has  been  pub.  in  5  largo  Svo  vols.;  i.-iii.,  1857; 
iv.,  v.,  1858,  £4  lOs.     See  SPEiinisa,  J.^mes. 

Ellis,  Philip.  Serms.  in  tho  "  Catholick  Sermons," 
2  vols.  Svo. 

Ellis,  Sir  Richard.     See  Ellvs. 
Ellis,  Robert.     Laws  of  Customs,  Lon.,  1826,  Svo. 
Ellis,  Mrs.  Sarah  SticUney,  formerly  Miss  Stick- 
ney,  is  one  of  the  most  voluminous  and  popular  writers 
of  the  day.     Her  Poetry  of  Life  had  given  her  considerable 


ELL 


ELL 


celebrity  before  her  marriage,  in  1837,  to  the  Rev.  William  ' 
KUis,  the  well-known  and  highly-respected  missionary  to 
the  South  Sea  Islands.  The  works  of  Mrs.  KUis  are  so 
numerous  that  we  can  promise,  in  the  brief  limits  to  which 
we  are  confined,  to  give  little  more  than  the  titles  of  her 
excellent  productions.  1.  The  Poetry  of  Life,  2  vols.  p. 
Svo.  2.  Conversations  on  Human  Nature,  12mo.  3.  Home, 
or,  The  Iron  Rule,  3  vols.  p.  Svo.  4.  Women  of  England, 
1838,  p.  Svo;  1846.  5.  Sons  of  the  Soil;  a  Poem,  2d  ed., 
1S40,  p.  Svo.  6.  The  Daughters  of  England,  1842,  p.  Svo; 
1846.  7.  The  Wives  of  England,  1843,  p.  Svo;  1846. 
8.  The  Mothers  of  England,  1843,  cr.  Svo;  1848.  9.  Fa- 
mily Secrets,  1S41-43,  3  vols.  Svo;  1846.  10.  Summer 
and  Winter  in  the  Pyrenees,  1841,  p.  Svo:  1S47.  11.  Voice 
from  the  Vintage,  1843.  fp.  Svo.  12.  Pictures  of  Private 
Life,  1844,  3  vols.  fp.  Svo.  13.  Young  Ladies*  Reader, 
1S45.  fp.  Svo.  14.  Look  to  the  End,  or  the  Bennetts  Abroad, 
1845,  2  vols.  p.  Svo.  15.  The  Island  Queen  ;  a  Poem,  1846, 
p.  Svo.     16.  Temper  and  Temperament,  1846,  2  vols.  Svo. 

17.  Prevention    better   than    Cure,    1847,    p.   Svo;    184S. 

18.  Rawdou  House;  Hints  on  Formation  of  Character, 
1848,  p.  Svo.  19.  Fireside  Tales.  New  ed.,  1848,  '49,  4 
vols.  p.  Svo.  20.  Social  Distinction;  or.  Hearts  and  Homes, 
184S,  '49,  3  vols.  Svo.  21.  My  Brother;  or.  The  Man  of 
Many  Friends.     New  ed.  of  Mrs.  Ellis's  Works,  1853,  &,c. 

With  the  many  well-deserved  encomiums  before  us  upon 
Mrs.  Ellis's  instructive  volumes,  we  cannot  but  regret  that 
we  can  find  room  for  only  a  few. 

Notice    of  The  Wives  of  England: 

"It  is  a  couifoit  to  think  that  in  all  things  we  are  not  retrograd- 
ing. The  talents  which  made  Hannah  More  and  Madame  DAiblay 
the  iduls  of  the  literary  world  in  their  generation,  would  now  se- 
cure them  liut  a  slender  share  of  homage.  The  cultivation  of  the 
female  mind  has  certainly  advanced ;  and  we  greatly  doubt  if  any 
woman  of  the  last  century  could  have  written  The  M'ives  of  Eng- 
land."— BrilL'^fi  Magazine. 

Notice    of  The  Daughters  of  England: 

"  An  admirable  work,  full  of  truthful  eloquence,  that  does  Mrs. 
Ellis  iutiiiite  honour,  and  will  be  productive  of  great  eventual 
gctod.  Education,  taste,  beauty,  fashion,  and  the  affections,  form 
themes  on  which  Mrs.  Ellis  enlarges  with  great  earnestness." — 
Court  Journal. 

Notices  of  The  Women  of  England: 

''■\Ve  know  no  volume  better  calculated  to  exercise  a  powerful, 
lasting,  and  beneficial  intluence.  If  we  could  have  our  own  way, 
every  liimily  should  oideracopy  of  The  Women  of  England.  Has- 
Jxmds,  especialli/  ynung  Husbands,  should  buy  it  for  their  Wives; 
Fhthiirs,  f'JT  their  Daughters;  Brothers,  for  their  Sisters.''^ — Lon. 
Mdhodisi  Mag. 

"  At  a  time  when  women  are  becoming  anxious  to  shine  in  other 
spheres  than  tliat  humble  but  holiest  of  all — home,  to  inculcate 
the  truth  that  the  paramount  and  peculiar  duties  of  woman  con- 
sist in  ministering  to  the  wants,  comforts,  and  happiness  of  her 
fellow-creatures,  especially  those  of  her  own  family  circle,  is  a  salu- 
tary task;  this  Mrs,  Ellis  has  accomplished  in  a  way  to  bring  con- 
viction to  the  minds  of  mothers  and  daughters — the  teachers  and 
the  taught." — i«m.  Spectator. 

Notices  of  The  Mothers  of  England: 

"This  is  an  appropriate  and  very  valuable  conclusion  to  the 
series  of  works  on  the  subject  of  female  duties  by  which  5Irs.  Ellis 
has  pleased,  and  we  doubt  not  protited,  thousands  of  readers.  Her 
counsels  command  attention,  not  only  by  their  practical  sagacious 
usefulness,  but  also  by  the  meek  and  modest  spirit  in  which  they 
are  communicated. 

Notice  of  Pretension;  series  3d  of  Pictures  of  Private 
Life: 

"  The  aim  of  the  writer  is  evidently  to  instruct  as  well  as  amuse, 
by  offering  these  admirable  sketches  as  beacons  to  warn  the  young, 
especially  of  her  own  sex,  against  the  errors  which  have  shipwrecked 
the  happiness  of  so  many." — Lon.  Gentleman's  Magazine. 
Notice  of  Look  to  the  End: 

"In  the  present  work  her  lessons  are  more  descriptive  and  va- 
rious, and  consequently  it  possesses  more  elements  for  popularity 
than  its  predecessors,  popular  as  they  have  been  and  are.'' — Lon. 
Literary  Qazdtf. 

What  higher  praise  could  any  author  covet  than  the  fol- 
lowing commendations  from  eminent  authorities? 

"We  can  conscientiously  aver,  that  no  woiks  within  our  know- 
ledge are  equally  calculated  to  interest  by  their  cheerful,  pleasant 
composition,  and  to  instruct  by  their  sagacious,  honest  counsels, 
those  for  whom  they  are  designed.  To  '  write  no  line  which  dying 
one  would  wish  to  blot,'  when  addres.sing  one's  self  to  subjects  so 
full  of  all  that  is  delicate  in  human  motives  and  all  that  is  pnwer^ 
ful  in  human  intluence,  is  a  display  of  honesty  and  coura;re,  as 
well  as  wisdom  and  morality,  which  should  be  appieciated  and 
honoured:  this  is  what  Mrs.  Ellis  has  done."— inn.  jyc^ciic  ii'crieu'. 

"  Mra.  Ellis  has  always  one  end  in  view — the  moral  improvement 
and  edification  of  her  fellow-creatures;  more  particularly  of  her 
own  sex." — Lon.  Literary  Gazi.ttc. 

£IUs,  T.F.,and  Adolphus,  J.  S.  Reports  of  Cases 
in  C(.  of  King's  Bench.     See  li.vit.VKWALi.,  H.  V. 

£llis,  Thomas.  A  true  Report  of  Mr.  Martin  Fro- 
bisher's  3d  and  last  Voyage;  by  T.  E.,  a  sailor,  and  one 
of  the  company,  Lon.,  1578,  4to. 

£llis,  TIkomas.     Traytors  Unvailed,  lfi61,  4to. 
KUis,  Thomas.     Gardener's  P.  Calendar,  Lon.,  1776, 
554 


Ellis,  W.  Voyage  of  Cook  and  Clarke,  1776-80,  with 
their  discoveries,  and  death  of  Cook,  Lon.,  17S2, 2  vols.  Svo. 
Ellis,  Wm.  1.  Practical  Farmer,  Lon.,  1732,  Svo.  2. 
Chiltern  and  Vale  Farming  Explained,  1733,  Svo.  3.  New 
E.xperiments  in  Husbandry,  1736,  2  vols.  Svo.  4.  Timber 
Tree  Improved,  1738,  Svo.  5.  Modern  Husbandman, 
1744,  Svo.  6.  Country  Housewife's  Family  Companion, 
1750,  Svo.  7.  Complete  Planter  and  Cyderist,  1757,  Svo. 
S.  A  Complete  System  of  Experienced  Improvements  made 
on  sheep,  grass  lambs,  and  house  lambs,  *tc.  This  title 
we  take  from  Donaldson.  He  discovered  the  book  in  the 
library  of  Geo.  IV.,  Brit.  Museum,  9.  Ellis's  Husbandry 
abridged  and  methodized,  1772,  2  vols.  Svo ;  A  sort  of  com- 
pound of  the  whole  of  Ellis's  works  on  Agriculture.  See 
a  critical  review  of  Ellis's  works  in  Donaldson's  Agricult. 
Biog. 

"■  Ellis  was  not  the  author  of  any  originality  on  the  subject  of 
agriculture,  nor  did  he  write  any  conception  that  merited  that 
appellation.  But  he  was  a  large  promoter  of  the  art  both  by  pre- 
cept and  example,  and  consequently  occupies  a  niche  of  no  low 
standing  in  the  temple  of  agricultural  tame." — Uhi  supra. 

Ellis,  Wm.  Every  Man  his  own  Farrier,  Lon.,  1759, 
Svo. 

Ellis,  Wm.     Cure  of  the  V.  Disease,  Lon.,  1771,  Svo. 
Ellis,  Wm.     CoUec.  of  English  Exercises,  Lon.,  17S2. 
Ellis,  Wm.     A  Treatise  (jn  Government,  trans,  from 
the  Greek  of  Aristotle,  Lon.,  1779,  4to. 

Ellis,  Wm.  Campagna  of  London,  with  Hist,  and 
Topog.  of  the  Parishes,  and  Biog.  anecdotes,  Lon.,  1791- 
93.  4to. 

Ellis,  William,  b.  1800.  in  the  vicinity  of  London, 
an  emiuent  writer  un  social  science.  1.  Outlines  of  Social 
Econom3\  2.  Introduction  to  the  Study  of  the  Social 
Sciences.  3.  Outlines  of  the  History  and  Formation  of  the 
Understanding.  4.  Questions  and  Answers  Suggested  by 
a  Consideration  of  Some  of  the  Arrangements  of  Social 
Life.  5.  Progressive  Lessons  in  Social  Science.  6.  Phe- 
nomena of  Industrial  Life  ;  edited  by  the  Dean  of  Here- 
ford. 7.  Education  as  a  Means  of  Preventing  Destitu- 
tion, 1851,  p.  Svo.  For  an  interesting  sketch  of  Mr.  Ellis's 
labours  in  the  cause  of  social  science,  see  Knight's  Eng. 
Cyc. 

Ellis,  Rev.  Wm.,  an  eminent  missionary  to  the  South 
Sea  Islands,  and  the  husband  of  Mrs.  Sarah  Stickney 
Ellis,  {v.  ante.)  1.  Missionary  Narrative  of  a  Tour  through 
Hawaii  or  Owhyhee,  Lon.,  1826,  Svo.;  4th  ed.  1S27,  Svo. 
•'Mr.  Kllis  has  given  us  a  plain,  intelligent,  and  uncommonly 
interesting  detail.  He  describes  well,  because  distinctly  and  un- 
affectedly. We  cannot  recollect  that  we  have  been  more  entirely 
rivettedby  the  perusal  of  a  book  of  Travels  since  we  read  Dr. 
llendersoii's  Iceland." — Lon.  Eclectic  Review. 

2.  Polynesian  Kesearches,  1829,  2  vols.  Svo.j  last  ed., 
1853,  4  vols.  12mo. 

"  A  more  interesting  book  than  this,  in  all  its  parts,  we  have 
never  perused,  and  seldom  so  immethodical  a  one." — Robert 
SoUTHEV,  in  Lon.  Quar.  Eev.  sliii.  1, 1830.  Head  this  interesting 
review. 

"The  simplicity  of  the  narrative. — the  graphic  beauty  of  many 
of  the  descriptions, — and  the  moral  grandeur  of  the  whole  subject 
of  these  volumes,  are  calculated  to  produce  the  most  powerful  and 
salutary  impression  on  every  religious  and  cultivated  mind." — 
Orme's  Discourse  on  tlie  SmUh  Sea  Mission. 

3.  A  Vindication  of  tlio  South  Sea  Missions  from  the 
Misrepresentations  of  Otto  Von  Kotzebue,  with  an  Appen- 
dix by  Wm.  Ellis,  1831,  Svo.  4.  Histmy  of  Madagascar, 
1S3S,  2  vols.  Svo. 

"  Here  is  a  work  as  copious,  as  comprehensive,  as  minute,  and. 
as  far  as  we  can  judge,  as  accurate,  as  it  would  be  possible  to  pro- 
duce."— Lon.  Eclrctic  lieview. 

5.  History  of  the  London  Missionary  Society,  vol.  i.,  1844, 
Svo.     6.  Village  Lectures  on  Popery,  1851,  fp.  Svo. 

''Remarkable  for  their  simple  and  explanatory  character.  .  . 
We  cominenil  them  to  readers  of  every  grade."— Lon.  Eclec.  Rev. 

To  Mr.  Ellis  we  are  also  indebted  for  an  improved  ed. 
of  Stewart's  Visit  to  the  South  Seas,  and  for  an  Intro- 
ductory Essay  on  the  Policy,  Religion,  &.c.  of  China,  pre- 
fixed to  Gutzlafl""s  Journal  of  Three  Voyages  along  the 
Coast  of  China,  ;id  ed.,  1839,  p.  Svo. 

Ellis,  Sir  Wm,  C,  M.D.,  Resident  Medical  Superin- 
,  tcndent,  and  formerly  of  the  Asylum  at  Wakefield.  Lot- 
;  ter  to  T.  Thompson,  M.P.,  on  the  necessity  for  Insane 
Asylums,  Lon.,  1815,  Svo.  A  Treatise  on  the  Nature, 
Symptoms,  Causes,  and  Treatment  of  Insanity,  with  Practi- 
cal Observations  on  Lunatic  Asylums,  and  a  descrip.  of 
the  Hanwell  Asylum,  Lon.,  1838,  Svo. 

"The  present  volume,  coming  from  the  pen  of  one  whose  repu- 
tation in  this  department  stands  so  high,  will  most  piobably  be 
sought  for  with  avidity.  It  abounds  in  a  great  variety  of  valu- 
able information,  with"  many  particulars  of  great  importance  to 
the  treatment  of  insanity,  and  to  the  interests  of  society.  We  ac- 
cordingly recommend  it  to  public  attention." — Loii.  Athe.no'UDi. 

*' In  this  unpretending  volume  will  be  found  a  vast  deal  of 


ELL 

hiiclily  important  and  useful  practical  iufurmatiou." — Lm.  J/c(i. 
C/7tr.'jlev.,Jub/.  1838. 
Ellison,  Cuthbert.     Serm.,  1748,  8vo. 
Ellison,  John.     Scrm.,  Newc,  1750,  4to. 
Ellison,  Nath.,  D.D.,  Archdeacon  of  Stafford.   Serm., 
1699,  4to;   1700,  Rvo  ;  1710. 

Ellison,  Nath.,   Vicar  of  Bolam.  Serm.,  1792,  4to. 
Ellison,  R.     Serm.,  1811. 

Ellison,  Seacome.  1.  Prison  Scenes,  Lon.,  1838, 
p.  8vo.  2.  Baptism,  1835,  8vo;  2d  ed.,  1846.  3.  The 
Millennium,  1850,  12mo. 

Elliston,  Robert  Wra.,  1771-I8.''.l.  a  celehrated 
English  actor.  The  Venetian  Outlaw,  a  Drama  adapted 
to  the  English  Stage,  1805,  Svo.  See  Raymond's  Memoirs 
of  R.  W.  Elliston,  by  G.  Raymond,  Lon.,  1816,  2  vols.  8vo. 
"  Maguifict-nt  were  thy  capriccios  on  this  globe  of  earth,  Robert 
■William  Klliston!"— Ouaeles  Lamd. 

Ellowis,  or  Elwes,  Sir  Gervase.  His  Speech  and 
Repentance  at  his  Execution,  Lon.,  1615,  4to. 

Ellsworth,  Erastus  VV.,  b.  1823,  Conn.  Poems, 
Hartford,  M<ab. 

"We  have  rarely  met  so  unequal  a  collection  of  poems:  none, 
indeed,  rising  to  the  highest  rank,  and  many  sinking  quite  below 
notice." — Piitnmn's  -V.  ynr!^  M'g. 

Ellsworth,  Henry  Wm.  1.  Report  on  Agriculture, 
N.  York.  2.  Sketches  of  the  Upper  Wabash  Valley,  1838, 
12mo.     3.  American  Swine  Breeder,  1844,  12mo. 

Ellsworth.  Oliver,  LL.D.,  Chief  Justice  of  the  U. 
States,  1745-18(17,  was  a  native  of  Windsor,  Coun.  Speech 
in  the  Convention  of  Connecticut  in  favour  of  the  Consti- 
tution, pub.  in  the  American  Mu'Jeura. 

Ellwood,  Thomas,  1639-1713,  the  friend  of  Milton, 
and  a  zealous  Quaker,  was  a  n.ative  of  O.xfordshire.  1.  For- 
gery no  Christianity,  1674,  12mo.  2.  The  Foundation  of 
Tithes  Shaken,  1682;  1720,  Svo.  3.  Wickh.am,  1690,  4to. 
4.  Sacred  History;  historical  part  of  the  Old  and  New 
Test,  digested,  Ac.,  1705-09  ;  1794.  2  vols.  fol.  5.  Davideis, 
a  Sacred  Poem,  1712.  12mo.  6.  His  Autobiography,  with 
a  Supp.  by  J.  W.,  1714,  8vo;  1791,  12mo.  As  reader  to 
Milton,  Ellwood  enjoyed  rare  opportunities  of  conversing 
with  the  great  b,ard.  After  perusing  the  MS.  of  Paradise 
Lost,  he  returned  it  to  the  author  with  the  remark: 

"Thou  hast  said  much  here  of  Paradise  Lost,  but  what  hast 
thou  to  sav  to  Paradise  found?" 

To  this  timely  hint  the  world  is  indebted  for  Paradise 
Regained.  An  interesting  review,  with  en]iious  extracts, 
of  EUwood's  Autobiography,  will  be  found  in  the  London 
Retrospec.  Rev.,  .xiii.  109.  Ellwood  was  a  man  of  the 
most  exemplary  character. 

Ellyot,  George.  A  verie  true  Report  of  the  Appre- 
hension and  taking  of  that  Arche  Papiste  Edmond  Cam- 
pion, Lon.,  1581,  Svo. 

Ellys,  Anthony,  1693-1761,  Preb.of  Gloucester,  1725; 
Bishop  of  St.  David's,  1752.  Plea  for  the  Sacramental 
Test,  Lon.,  1736,  4to;  1790,  Svo.  Serms.  pub.  separately,  ' 
1749,  '54,  '58,  '59,  '67.  Remarks  on  David  Hume's  Essay 
on  Miracles,  1752,  4to.  Tracts  on  the  Spiritual  and  Tem- 
poral Liberty  of  the  subjects  in  England,  1763-65,  4to; 
new  ed.,  1767.  4to. 

Ellys,  or  Ellis,  Sir  Richard,  d.  1742,  M.P.,1715-34, 
grandson  of  Hampden,  was  eminent  for  his  knowledge  of 
Hebrew,  Greek,  and  Biblical  antiquities.  Fortuila  Sacra, 
quibus  subjicitur  commeutarius  de  Cymbalis;  Rotterd., 
1727,  Svo,  anon. 

"  It  cont-iins  illustrations  of  twenty-four  pass.ages  of  Scripture, 
which  incident.ally  occurred  to  the  author,  and  which  discover 
very  considerable  critical  talents  and  great  .acquaintance  with  the 
languages  of  the  Bible." — Orme's  BilA.  Bilt. 

Ellys,  Tobias.  TheKingdomof  God,  Lon. ,1678,  Svo. 
Ellyson,  Thomas.  The  Shepherd's  Letters,  Lon., 
1646.  4to. 
Elmer,  J.  Weights  and  Measures.  Lon.,  1759. 
Elmer,  Joseph.  PracticeinLunacy.  Lon.,  1844, 12mo. 
Elmer,  L.  Q.  C.  A  Digest  of  the  Laws  of  New  Jer- 
sey, Bridgeton.  ls:!S.  Svo. 

Elmes,  James,  Architect,  b.  1782.  1.  New  Churches, 
1818,  Svo.  2.  Memoirs  of  the  Life  and  Works  of  Sir  Chris- 
topher Wren,  Lon.,  1 823,  4to.  3.  Improvements  of  Prisons. 
4.  Lectures  on  Architecture,  1823,  Svo.  5.  School  of  the 
Fine  Arts,  1825,  3  vols.  Svo.  6.  Genl.  and  Bibliog.  Diet, 
of  the  Fine  Arts,  1826,  Svo.  8.  Ecclesiastical  and  Civil 
Dilapidations,  Ac,  3d  ed.,  1829,  Svo.  7.  Architectural 
Juri.-prudence,  1827,  Svo. 

Elmham,  Thomas  de.  VitaetGestaHenrieiQuinti 
Anglorum  Regis;  cum  Prefatione  et  Notis  Th.  Hearne, 
Oxon..  1727,  Svo. 

Elmore,  H.  M.    Brit.  Mariner's  Directory  and  Guide 
to  the  Indian  and  China  Seas,  Lon.,  1802,  4to. 
Elmsley,  Peter,  D.D.,  1773-1825,  educated  at  West- 


ELP 

minster  and  Merton  Coll.,  Oxf. :  Principal  of  Alban  Hall 
and  Camden;  Professor  of  History,  1823.  Elmsley  was 
one  of  the  first  Greek  scholars  of  his  time.  1.  Articles  in 
the  Edinburgh  Review,  viz.:  No.  4,  On  Heyne's  Homer; 
No.  5,  On  Schweigh.auser's  Athenaius;  No.  35,  On  Blom- 
field's  Prometheus ;  No.  37,  On  Porson's  Hecuba.  2.  Ar- 
ticle in  tho  38th  No.  of  the  Quarterly  Review,  on  Lord 
Clarendon's  Religion  and  Policy.  3.  The  .\charnenscs, 
1S09.  4.  (Edipus  Tyrannu.s,  1811.  5.  HeraclidoB,  1815. 
6.  Medea,  1818.  7.  BaochsB,  1821.  8.  CEdipus  Coloneus, 
1823. 

■•  Tbeso  publications  est.ablished  his  fame  throughout  Europe  as 
a  judicious  critic  and  cousummate  master  of  the  Greek  language." 
— :^ee  Obituary  Xotice  in  Lon.  Uent.  Mag.,  .\pril.  1825. 

Robert  Southey  was  warmly  attached  to  Dr.  Elmsley, 
and  had  a  high  opinion  of  his  attainments: 

"  The  Edinburgh  lleviewers  I  like  well  .is  companions,  and  think 
little  of  as  any  thing  else.  Elmsley  has  more  knowledge  and  a 
sounder  mind' than  anv  or  all  of  them.  I  could  learn  more  from 
him  in  a  day  than  the.y  could  all  teach  me  in  a  year.  .  .  .  Elms- 
ley. I  .am  sorry  to  say.  is  tatter  than  ever  he  was:  he  is  one  of  my 
most  intimate  and  valuable  friends.  ...  Do  you  remember  Elms- 
ley at  Oxford— the  fattest  under-graduate  in  your  time  and  mine! 
He  is  at  Naples,  superintending  the  unrolling  the  Uerculaneum 
mauuscripts,  by  Davy's  process,  at  the  expense  of  the  Prince  lie- 
gent— I  should  say  of  George  IV.  The  intention  is,  that  Elmsley 
shall  ascertain,  as  soon  as  a  beginning  is  made  of  one  of  the  rolls, 
whether  it  shall  be  proceeded  wither  laid  aside,  in  hope  of  finding 
something  better,  till  the  whole  have  been  inspected."  See  Sou- 
they's  Life  and  C*rre>,pondence. 

Elphinston,  Lord  Balmerino.  His  Speech  in  Ct. 
of  Piirl.,  Swtland,  rel.  to  army  .ag.  Irish  Papists,  1641. 

Elphinston,James,1721-1809,anativeof  Edinburgh, 
was  for  many  years  the  bead  of  a  celebrated  school  at  Ken- 
sington, near  London.  Dr.  Johnson  esteemed  him  highly, 
and  during  his  residence  at  Edinburgh  he  superintended 
an  edit,  of  "The  Rambler,  pub.  in  8  v(ds.  12mo.  1.  A  Poet. 
Version  of  Racine's  Redemption,  1753.  2.  Fr.  and  Eng. 
Languages,  1756,  2  vols.  12mo.  3.  Education ;  a  Poem, 
1763.  Svo.  4.  Apology  for  the  Monthly  Review,  1763,  Svo. 
5.  Collec.  of  Poems  for  Youth,  Ac,  1761,  Svo.  6.  Eng. 
Langu:ige.  1705,  2  vols.  12mo.  Abridged,  1765,  Svo. 
7.  Verses,  1768.  fol.  8.  Poetffi  .Sententiosi,  Latini,  Ac, 
1794, 12mo.  Elphinston  was  a  zealous  advocate  of  a  change 
in  orthography,  which  he  contended  should  be  guided  by 
the  pronunciation,  Ac.  He  had  already  given  some  speci- 
mens of  his  "improvements,"  but  in  a  (9)  trans,  of  Mar- 
tial, 1782,  4to,  he  carried  the  system  out  to  a  greater  extent : 
" Elphinston's  Martial isjustcometohand.  Itistrulyan  unique. 
The  specimens  formerly  publi-sbed  did  very  well  to  laugh  at;  but 
a  whole  quarto  of  nonsense  and  gibberish  is  too  much.  It  is 
strange  that  a  man  not  wholly  illiterate  should  have  lived  so  long 
in  England,  without  learning  the  language."— I>r.  Beatlie  to  Sir 
Wi}i.  Fi/rbes. 

Nothing  dismayed  by  public  ingratitude,  in  1786,  2  vols. 
Svo,  Elphinston  gave  to  the  world  an  explanation  of  his 
system,  under  the  title  of  (10)  Propriety  ascertained  in  her 
Picture  This  he  followed  by  (11)  English  Orthography 
Epitomized,  (12)  Proprietie's  Pocket  Dictionary,  and  (13) 
Fifty  Y'ears'  Correspondence,  Inglish,  French,  and  Lattin, 
in  Prozo  and  Verse,  between  Geniusses  ov  boath  Se.xes, 
and  James  Elphinston.  1794,  8  vols.  12mo.  An  interest- 
ing memoir  of  this  worthy  man  will  be  found  in  Nichols's 
Literary  Anecdotes,  from  the  pen  of  one  already  honour- 
ably noticed  in  these  pages.     Mr.  Nichols  tells  us — 

"  My  .account  of  this  singular  but  truly  worthy  man  shall  he 
abridged  fiom  a  memoir  of  him.  which  was  presented  to  me  in 
isot)  by  11.  C.  Dallas,  Esq.,  one  of  his  grateful  pupils."— iit.  Ajiec, 
iii.  M. 

"  From  Mr.  Dallas's  situation  as  a  pupil  of  Mr.  Elphinston  s,  he 
had  the  honour  of  being  pi-esented  to  Dr.  .Tortin.  Dr.  Franklin,  of 
I'hiladelphia,  and  Dr.  Johnson ;  a  triumvirate  not  easily  matched. ' 
— Uld  supra. 

See  also  Forhes's  Life  of  Beattie,  and  Boswell's  Life  of 
Dr.  Johnson. 

Elphinston,  James.  Animadversions  upon  Ele- 
ments of  Criticism;  with  an  App.  on  Scotticisms,  Lou., 
1771.  8vo. 

Elphinston,  Wm.,  b.  1431  or  1437,  d.  1514,  Bishop 
of  Ross,  trans,  to  Aberdeen.  1484,  wrote  a  book  of  canons, 
some  lives  of  Scotch  saints,  and  the  history  of  Scotland 
from  the  rise  of  the  nation  to  his  own  time.  The  last  is 
now  in  the  Fairfax  JISS.  in  the  Bodleian  Library. 

Elphiustone,Hon.Mountstuart.  1.  An  Account 
of  the  Kingdom  of  Cabul,  and  its  dependencies  in  Tartary, 
Persia,  and  India,  Lon.,  181.5,  4to;  2d  ed.,  1S39,  2  vols. 
Svo;  3d  ed.,  1842,  2  vols.  Svo. 

"  The  interest  and  value  of  this  work  arises  more  from  the  sul)- 
ject  of  it.  than  from  the  manner  in  which  ii  is  executed:  respect- 
ing such  countries,  however,  as  Cabul,  and  others  as  little  known 
and  remote,  we  are  glad  of  all  accessions  of  information." — Steverv- 
son's  Voyages  and  Travels. 
"  There  are  not  many  regions  of  the  Globe  of  which  the  history 

655 


ELR 

nnd  "eography  are  less  known  than  those  of  the  country  which  is 
t  lie  subject  of  Mr.  Klphinstone's  important  and  distinguished 
worll." — Ediii.  Revietv. 

■'  The  Hon.  Mr.  Klphinstone's  Cabul  is  a  worl(  which  places  its 

author  in  the  first  rank  of  historians  and  travellers  in  the  East. 

.  .  Most  earnestly  do  I  recommend  the  hook  of  Mr.  Klphinstone 

to  every  libi-ary  of  any  pretension  to  a  Collection  of  Voyages  and 

Travels." — DiUlin's  Library  Compitnion. 

"This  work,  of  much  interest  on  many  accounts,  contains  the 
description  of  a  systematized  patriarchal  system,  which,  in  history 
at  least,  is  carried  out  by  division  and  subdivision,  from  the  king, 
throu"h  a  variety  of  larger  and  lesser  divisions,  tribes,  and  clans, 
to  the  last  head  of  a  single  family,  such  as  probably  e.xists  nowhere 
else."— iiVtcr's  Essays  on  Property  and  Labour. 

2.  A  History  of  India:  the  Hindoo  and  Mohammedan 
Periods,  1841,  2  vols.  8vo;  2ded.,  1S43;  3d  ed.,  1848,  8vo 
"Mr.  Elphinstone's  work  will,  we  trust,  be  eminently  usetui, 
and  tend  to  dispel  much  of  that  confusion,  prejudice,  and  apathy, 
which  still  linger  in  the  minds  even  of  many  highly-educated  per- 
sons on  the  subject  of  .\ncient  India."— imi.  Quar.  hcvim. 

"A  work  of  the  greatest  authority  and  learning;  one  of  the 
latest  and  most  valuable  works  on  the  Eastern  Empire.  — 37i«  late 
Sir  EM.  Peel,  in  the  House  of  Commons. 

EIrington,  John  Battersby.  Confessions  in  Ely- 
sium- from  the  German  of  Wieland,  1803,  3  vcds. 

EIrington,  Thomas,  D.I).,  d.  1835,  a  native  of  Ire- 
land obtained  a  scholarsTiip  in  the  University  of  Dublin, 
1778;  elected  Fellow,  17S1 ;  first  Donellan  Lecturer,  1794; 
Profess,  of  Mathemat.,  1795;  Rector  of  Ardtree,  Tyrone, 
1806;  Provost  of  Trin.  Coll.,  Dublin,  1811;  Bishop  of 
Limerick,  1820;  trans,  to  Loighlin  nnd  Ferns,  1822. 
Perms,  at  the  Donellan  Lecture,  &a.,  Dubl.,  179fi,  8vo. 
Ucflec.  rel.  to  Dr.  Milner,  1S09,  8vo.  The  Validity  of 
English  Ordination  Established,  1809,  8vo.  An  edit,  of 
Euclid,  witb  Notes,  (new  ed.,  1847,  fp.  8vo,)  now  tbo  text- 
book in  the  Dublin  University,  and  an  edit,  of  Juvenal, 
with  Notes,  critical  and  explanatory. 

Elsam,  Kichard.  Rural  Architecture,  1803,  4to. 
Desi"ns  for  Peasant's  Cottages,  ISlfi,  r.  4to. 

Elsdale,  Rev.  Samuel.  Death,  ,Iudgnient,  Heaven, 
and  Hell,  a  Poem;  with  Hymns  and  other  Poems,  1812, 
Bvo;  3ded.,  1813. 

Else,  Miss  Anne.     Lays  of  Carutb  and  other  Poejns. 
Else,  Joseph,  Surgeon.     Hydrocele,  &c..  Lon.,  1770, 
Svo.     Con.  toMed.  Obs.andlnq.,1767.     Works,  with  App. 
by  O.  Vaux,  1782,  Svo. 

Else,  R.  Income  Act  explained,  1804. 
Elsley,  Rev.  J.,  Vicar  of  Burenston,  near  Bedale. 
Annotations  on  the  Four  Gospels,  Lon.,  1799,  2  vols.  Svo; 
2d  ed.,  with  Annotations  on  the  Acts,  1812,  3  vols.  Svo; 
3d  od  1821,  3  vols.  Svo;  1824,  3  vols.  Svo;  6th  ed.,  1827, 
3vols''8vo;  7th  ed.,  1838,  2  vols.  Svo;  Sth  ed.,  1841,  2  vols. 
Svo;  1844;  9th  ed.,  1844,  Svo.  This  excellent  work  was 
pull.'  imonymously.  It  is  commended  by  Bishops  Lloyd, 
Van  Mildert,  Summer,  and  others. 

••  As  a  compilation,  it  is  a  very  respectable  work,  and  fitted  to  be 
useful  to  the  junior  students  of  the  New  Testament  or  those  who 
cannot  purchase  many  critical  books."— Ornif  s  BM.  JJib. 

*'  Elsley  is  a  convenient  compendium  fur   students.  — Hicker- 

'  '"  Altogether  we  say  without  the  smallest  reserve,  we  never  saw 
a  book  uTore  admirably  adapted  for  the  use  of  students,  more  credit- 
able to  an  author's  sa'iacitv.  diligence,  and  erudition,  or  more 
likely  to  make  the  investigation  of  the  xNew  Testament  easy  and 
agreealjle."— /iri(i.i/i  Critic. 

In  1816,  2  vols.  Svo,  the  Rev.  James  Halle  pub.  Annota- 
tions on  the  Epistles,  being  a  Continuation  of  Mr.  Elsley's 
Annot.  on  the  Gospel  and  Acts. 

Elsly,  Wm.,  Prob.  of  York.     Serm..  1732. 

Elslyot,  Thomas.  The  Lamb  taking  the  Wolf,  Lon., 
1652,  Svo.     The  True  Mariner  and  his  Pixis  Naulica,  1662, 


Elsmerc,  Sloane,  D.D.,  Rector  of  Chelsea.     Serms., 
Lon.,  1767,  2  vols.  Svo.     Recommended  by  the  Rev.  Samuel 

Elson,  Jane.     Romance  of  the  Castle,  1799,  2  vols. 
12ino.     The  Village  Romance;  a  Novel,  1802,  2  vols. 
"Elstob.     Trip  to  Kilkenny.  Lon.,  1778,  12mo. 

Eistob,  Elizabeth,  sister  of  Win.  Elstob.  1CS3-1756, 
was  celebrated  for  her  knowledge  of  the  Saxon  tongue. 
1  An  English  Saxon  Homily  on  St.  George's  Day,  with  a 
modern  En^'lish  version  and  Notes,  and  an  Appendix.  The 
same  Homily  in  Latin  by  Wm.  Elstob,  Lon.,  1709,  Svo. 
Newed.,(partof  thePrefaceomitted,)1839,8vo.  2.  Trans, 
of  Madame  Scudcry's  Essay  on  Glory.  3.  The  Rudiments 
of  Grammar  for  tiie  English  Saxon  Tongue,  1715,  4to. 
4  Saxon  Homilies,  Oxf ,  fob  Those  were  designed  as  a 
specimen  of  a  Saxon  Homilariuiu,  willi  an  English  trans., 
notes,  Ac.  Some  testimonies  of  a  number  of  learned  men 
in  favour  of  this  project  were  pub.  by  Bowyer  m  1713. 
See  Nichols's  Lit.  Anecdotes;  Biog.  Brit,;  and  Harleian 
MSS.  Mrs.  Elstob  was  an  excellent  linguist. 
S56 


ELT 

Elstob,  Wm.,  1673-1714,  a  native  of  Newcastle,  edu- 
cated at  Eton,  and  Catharine  Hall,  Camb.,  and  subsequently 
at  Queen's  Cid!.,  Oxf.;  Fellow  of  University  Coll.,  1696; 
Rector  of  St,  Swithin.and  St,  Mary  Bothaw,  London,  1702. 
Mr  Elstob,  like  his  sister  Elizabeth,  was  deeply  versed  in 
S't.-ion  learning.  1.  A  trans,  into  Latin  of  the  Saxon 
Homily  of  Lupus,  with  Notes  by  Dr.  IHckcs,  1701.  2.  Trans, 
into  English  of  Sir  John  Cheke's  Latin  version  of  Plutarch, 
printed  at  the  end  of  Strypo's  Life  of  Chcke.  3.  An  edit, 
of  Ascham's  Latin  Letters,  Oxf.,  1703.  4.  An  Essay  on 
the  great  Affinity  .and  mutual  Agreement  between  the  two 
professions  of  Law  and  Divinity,  with  a  Preface  by  Dr. 
Hickes,  Lon.,  Svo.  6.  Serm.,  1704,  4to.  6.  Serm.,  1704, 
4to.  7.  Homily  of  St.  Gregory's  Day,  1709,  Svo.  Saxon 
Laws,  with  great  additions,  and  a  new  Latin  version  by 
Somner,  4c.,  begun  by  Elstob,  and  completed  by  David 
Wilkins,  D.D.,  1721,  fol.  See  Nichols's  Lit.  Anecdotes 
and  Biog.  Brit. 

Elstob,  Wm.,  Rector  of  Sheldon.     Serm.,  1811,  4to. 
Elstobb,  W.     1.  Navigation  between  Clayhithe  and 
Denver  Sluice,  Camb.,  1779,  4to.     2.  Hist,  account  of  Bed- 
ford Level,  Ac,  Lynn,  1793,  Svo.     3.  On  Rivers. 
Elston,  J.     Serm.,  1681,  4to. 

Elstrack,  R.  28  Portraits  of  the  Kings  and  Queens 
of  England.  Reprinted  in  Martin's  Chrou.,  1631,  fob,  Ac. 
See  Bromley's  Engraved  British  Portraits,  1793,  4to. 

Elsnm,  John.  1.  Epigram  upon  the  Paintin.gs  of 
Eminent  Masters  by  J.  E.,  Lon.,  1700,  Svo.  Erroneously 
attributed  to  John  Evelyn.  2.  Art  of  Painting  after  the 
Italian  Manner,  1704,  Svo. 

Elsynge,  Henry,  1598-1654,  Clerk  of  the  House  of 
Commons.  1.  State  of  the  Kingdom;  probably  not  his. 
2  Passing  Bills  in  Parliament,  1656,  Svo.  3.  The  ancient 
Manner  and  Method  of  holding  Parliaments  in  England, 
Lon.,  1660,  '03,  '79,  Svo.  Best  ed.,  with  addits.  from  the 
author's  MS.,  1767,  12mo.  4.  Several  Treatises  of  Parlia- 
ment, 1703,  12mo. 

"  Mr  Henry  Elsynge,  late  clerk  of  the  Parliament,  was,  in  my 
judgment,  the  best  I  ever  knew  to  take  the  sense  of  the  House 
and  put  it  in  apt  terms.  He  was  an  excellent  scholar-had  the 
Italian,  French,  and  Latin  languages-a  very  honest  and  ingonious 
man,  and  fitter  for  a  much  better  employment  than  to  be  clerk  ol 
Parliiiment.  .  .  .  He  was  in  great  and  deserved  favour  of  the  House 
of  Commons,  and  gave  over  bis  place  because  he  won  d  not  meddle 
in  the  trial  about  the  king.  Ho  often  invited  >Ir  belden  and  me 
together  to  his  house  and  to  dinners,  where  we  had  great  cheer 
and  greater  learning  in  excellent  discourse,  whereof  himself  bore 
a  chief  part.  I  was  the  more  frequent  with  him,  being  godfather 
to  one  of  his  sons,  and  Mr.  Selden  the  other  god-father,  which 
brought  us  two  the  oftener  together  to  see  our  godson;  and  even 
in  these  I  gained  very  much  of  knowledge  from  the  most  learned 
and  rational  discourses  of  Mr.  Selden."— Whitelocki:;  Journal  of 
the  Swedish  Eiuhussy.  1772,  2  vols.  4to,  vol.  u,  p.  4-.b. 

Elton,  Rev.  Sir  Abraham.  Letter  to  Thomas  Bere, 
occasioned  by  his  attack  on   Mrs.  Hannah  More,  Lon., 

Eltoni  Charles  Abraham.  1.  Poems,  1804,  Svo. 
2.  Trans,  into  English  Verse  of  the  Remains  of  Hesiod, 

"Upon  the  whole,  we  are  disposed  to  give  Mr.  Elton  credit  for 
con«iderable  skill  in  versification.  Indeed,  though  his  translation 
is  close,  sometimes  too  close  for  perspicuity,  it  seems  at  least  equal 
to  the  original.  His  blank  verse,  in  which  he  excels  more  than  m 
the  couplet,  is  of  a  good  structure;  bearing  a  general,  but  not  ser- 
vile resemblance  to  .Milton,  with  a  little  cast  of  some  of  the  daring 
expietives  of  Cowper."— £J"i.  Kei:.  xv.  109-118. 

3  Tales  of  Romance,  with  other  Poems,  Lon.,  1810,  Svo. 
4  Specimens  of  the  Classic  Poets  in  Chronological  Series 
from  Homer  to  Trypliiodorus.  Trans,  into  English  verse, 
and  illustrated  with  Biog.  and  Crit.  Notices,  1814,  3  vols. 
Svo.  This  valuable  work  contains  passages  from  33  Greek 
and  27  Latin  poets.  A  beautiful  edit,  was  pub.  in  Phila- 
ilelpbiii  by  F.  Bell,  1854,  3  vols.  Svo.  .       ,,.  ^ 

His  success  is  very  unequal :  many  specimens  &Te,jn^blgti 


degree,  brilliant  and  spirited,  while  others  are  cold  stiff,  and  lag- 
Eing  In  general,  we  like  him  better  in  rhyme  than  in  blank 
verse  thou-h  the  arguments  in  behalf  of  the  latter  measure  in 
his  Preface  may  show  that  he  is  of  a  diHeTent  "'Pmion.  .  ■  ■  Bpon 
the  whole,  these  specimens  do  considerable  credit  tn  Mr.  Klton  s 
fluency  in  speaking  the  language  of  poetry."— io«.  Quar.  Jtemew, 

Elton,  Edward,  Minister  of  St.  Mary  Magdalen's, 

Bermondsoy.  1.  Exposition  of  the  Epistle  to  the  Colos- 
sians,  in  sundry  Serms..  Lon..  1615.4to ;  2d  ed.,  1620,  37,fol. 

•■  Both  these  Expositions  [Byfleld's  and  Elton'sJ  have  much 
spiritual  instruction."— BMcrslctt'.'i  C.  & 

2.  Expos,  of  the  7th  Chap,  of  the  Romans,  in  divers 

Serms.,  1618,  4to.  .  ,  ,,;  r  i 

"An  excellent  Puritan  Exposition."— B.c;.frsjc(7.  s  C.  *. 
"Ellon  on  Colossians  is  a  work  rich  m  matter,  dressed  In  the 

plain  and  somewhat  anP^PUbirlanguageof  its  day    ..^Ihe  work 

on  Koinans  is  nearly  on  the  same  plan  andof  Bimilar  character.  - 

Wdiiams's  C.  P. 


e£t' 


£ME 


3.  Expos,  offiof  theCnnimantlnicnts,  1619.  Svn.  l.Expo?. 
of,  or  Serms.  ou,  the  8th  chap,  of  Romans,  1023,  4to.  Othor 
works. 

Elton,  Richard,  Lt.  Col.  Completo  Body  of  the 
Military  Art  and  (iunnery.  Lon.,  1650,  '58,  fol. 

Elton,  Romeo,  D.D.,  a  native  of  Connecticut,  grad. 
at  Brown  Univer-sity,  1S12  ;  Prof  of  Ancient  Languages  in 
same  Institution  from  1S25  to  '43.  and  has  since  resided  in 
England.  Besides  several  published  sermons,  ho  edited 
Callender's  Century  Sermon,  with  copious  Notes  and  Bio- 
pcraphical  Sketches ;  The  Works  of  President  Maxcy,  with 
Memoir.  N.Y..  1841,  Svo ;  Biographical  Sketch  of  "Roger 
Williams,  pub.  in  Lr>n. 

Eltringhain,  Wni.  1.  The  Baptist  against  the 
B,aptist.  I. on.,  1756,  Svo.  2.  Remarks  on  The  Baptists' 
Vindic.  1767,  Svo. 

Elven,  J.  P.     Heraldry,  Lon.,  1815.  12mo. 

Elviden,  Edmnnd.  The  Closet  of  Counsells,  con- 
teining  the  aduice  of  dyuers  wyse  Philosophers,  Lon., 
1569,  Svo. 

Elwell,  Wm.  Odcll.  New  and  Complete  American 
Dictionary  of  Eng.  and  German,  N.  York,  12mo.  Highly 
commended  by  competent  authorities. 

Elwes,  Robert,  A  Sketcher's  Tour  round  the  World, 
with  21  Illustrations,  Lon.,  1854,  r.  Svo. 

"  Pieasanter  reading,  we  repeat,  need  not  be  offered  than  our 
Sketcher  brings." — L<m.  Athcnfvum. 

Elwin,  Fountain,  Vicar  of  Temple,  Bristol,  and  one 
of  the  ministers  of  the  Octagon.  Serms.  prcaclied  at  the 
Octagon  Chapel,  Batli,  Lou.,  1st  scries,  1842,  12mo:  2d 
series,  1849,  12mo.     Other  theolog.  works. 

Ellivood,  Mrs.  (A.  K.)  Col.  1.  Narrative  of  a  Jour- 
ney Overland  from  England  to  India,  &e.,  1S25-2S,  Lon., 
1 830,  2  vol.s.  Svo.  2.  Memoirs  of  the  Literary  Ladies  of 
England  from  the  Commencement  of  the  Last  Century, 
1S42.  2  vols.  p.  Svo;  1848. 

"  A  work  of  great  merit.  The  first  biognaphy  is  that  of  Lady 
Mary  Wortley  Jlont.igu;  the  last  that  of  Mrs.  JIaoIean.  better 
known  as  Miss  Landun:  it  thus  comprises  our  blue  Stockings 
from  the  commencement  of  the  last  century  down  to  the  present. 
Each  biof^raphy  is  marked  by  good  taste  and  excellent  judgment." 
. — Jnfni  Bull. 

Elworthy,  John.     Serm.,  Lon..  1753,  Svo. 

Ely,  Ezra  Styles,  D.D.,  of  Pliiladclphia.  assistant 
editor,  in  conjunction  with  Wm.  McCorkle  .and  the  Rev. 
Gregory  T.  Bedell,  of  a  Collateral  Bil>le,  or  Key  to  the 
Holy  Scriptures,  Phila.,  1826-28,  3  vols.  4to. 

"  These  volumes  comprise  the  Old  Testament.  The  correspond- 
ing texts  are  brought  together  in  one  view,  and  arranged  in  a 
familiar  and  easy  manner." — Lowndes's  Brit.  Librarian. 

Memoirs  of  his  Father,  the  Rev.  Zel)ulon  Ely.  Mental 
Science.     Visits  of  Mercy.     Sermons  on  Faith. 

Ely,  Henry,  D.D.     Fast  Serm.,  Lon.,  1S04. 

Ely,  Humphrey.  Certainebriofo  Notes  upon  a briefe 
Apology  set  out  under  the  name  of  the  Priests  united  to 
the  Arch. Priest,  1603,  Svo.  Written  against  Father  Par- 
sons, or  Persons,  and  often  quoted  l)y  Wood. 

Ely,  John,  a  Dissenting  minister  at  Rochdale.  Win- 
ter Lectures  ;  illus.  of  Divine  Dispensation,  Lon.,  1833,  Svo. 

"  This  volume  is  distinguished  by  a  character  of  deep  and  patient 
research,  and  by  an  extraordinary  force,  both  of  sentiment  and 
style." — Lim.  Evangel.  Mag. 

Other  works.  Sec  his  Posthumous  Works,  with  a  Me- 
moir, by  Hamilton,  1S4S,  Svo. 

Ely,  Zebulon,  minister  of  Lebanon,  Conn.,  d.  about 
1824.  Serm.  at  the  Election,  1804;  on  tho  death  of  Gov. 
Trumbull,  1809;  before  the  County  Foreign  Mission  So- 
ciety, 1815.  His  memoirs  were  pub.  by  his  son,  Ezra 
Styles  Ely,  q.  r. 

Elyot,  Sir  Thomas,  Knt,  d.  1546,  educated  at  St. 
Mary's  Hall,  Oxford,  was  employed  by  Henry  VIII.  on 
several  embassies.  He  was  noted  for  extensive  and  pro- 
found learning.    The  Governor,  Lon.,  1531,  Svo.    Manyeds. 

"Sir  Thomas  Klyot's  OoTeruor  was  designed  to  instruct  men. 
especially  great  men,  in  good  morals,  and  to  reprove  their  vices" 
— Strype. 

This  book  was  a  great  favourite  with  Henry  VIII.  The 
Castell  of  Health,  1534,  Svo.  Many  eds.  Dictionarium, 
Latin  and  English,  153S,  fol.  A  Defence  or  Apology  for 
Good  Women,  1545,  Svo.  Bibliotheca  Eliota;,  1641,  fol. 
Wo  have  .already  spoken  of  this  work,  and  various  editions, 
in  our  article  Cooper,  Thomas,  q.  v.  Bankctte  of  Sapience, 
1542,  Svo.  Education  of  Children.  De  Rebus  Memora- 
bilibus  Angliie : 

"  For  the  completing  of  which  he  had  perused  many  old  English 
monuments." 

Other  works  and  trans,  from  the  Latin  and  Greek.  See 
Biog.  Brit. ;  Strype's  Eccles.  Memorials;  Herbert's  Ames; 
Bayle,  in  art.  Encolpius;  Athen.  Oxon, ;  Brit.  Bibl. 

Elys,  Edmund.     Sec  Ellis. 


Embury,  Mrs.  Emma  C,  a  daughter  of  James  R. 
Manley.  M.D.,  of  New  York,  was  married  in  1828  to  Mr. 
Daniel  Embury,  now  of  Brooklyn.  She  has  attained  con- 
siderable distinction  both  in  the  walks  of  poetry  and  prose. 
*'  Iantiie"  was  a  favourite  signature  with  magazine  readers 
long  before  the  real  name  of  the  author  was  made  public. 
Many  of  these  early  compositions  have  since  been  gathered 
and  given  to  the  world  in  a  collective  form.  Mrs.  Embury's 
first  volume  was  entitled  (1)  Guide  and  other  Poems.  Sho 
has  since  pub.  2.  Constance  Latimer,  orthe  Blind  Girl,  and 
other  Tales.  3.  Pictures  of  Early  Life.  4.  Glimpses  of 
Home.  5.  Nature's  Gems,  or  American  Wild  Flowers ;  a 
collection  of  Poems,  1846.  6.  Love's  Token-flowers;  a 
collec.  of  Poems.  7.  The  Waldorf  Family,  or  Grandfa- 
ther's Legends ;  a  fairy  tale  of  Brittany,  partly  a  trans, 
and  partly  original. 

'■  since  her  mariiage she  has  given  to  the  public  more  prose  than 
verse,  but  the  former  is  charai-terized  Ijy  the  same  roman  tic  spirit 
which  is  tlie  essential  beauty  of  poetry.  Many  of  her  tales  are 
founded  upon  a  just  observation  of  life,  although  not  a  few  are 
equally  remarkable  for  attractive  invention.  In  point  of  style 
they  often  possess  the  merit  of  graceful  and  pointed  diction,  and 
the  lessons  they  inculcate  are  invariably  of  a  pure  moral  tendency." 
— OriswnhVs  Female  Pijcts  of  America. 

See  Hart's  Fem.ale  Prose-Writers  of  America;  Mrs.  Halo's 
Woman's  Record. 

Emerson,  Frederick,  17S9-1S57,  a  successful 
teacher  in  Boston  for  many  years,  author  of  Emerson's 
well-known  Arithmetics. 

Emerson,  George  Barrett,  teacher  and  naturalist, 
was  born  in  1797,  at  Kennebunk,  then  Wells,  in  York  co., 
Maine,  graduated  at  Harvard  Coll.  in  1S17,  A.A.S.  For 
several  years  he  was  President  of  tho  Boston  Soc'y  of  Nat. 
History,  and  Chairman  of  tho  Commissioners  for  the  Zoo- 
logical and  Botanical  Survey  of  Massachusetts.  Mr.  Emer- 
son has  been  a  teacher  in  colleges,  academies,  and  schools 
for  more  than  forty  years,  thirty-four  of  which  were  spent 
iu  Boston.  He  wrote  the  second  part  of  "  The  School  and 
the  Schoolmaster,"  of  which  Bp.  Potter  wrote  the  first  part, 
12mo,  pp.  552,  N.  York,  1S42.  A  copy  of  this  work  was 
placed  in  every  school  in  N.  York  and  Massachusetts.  A 
Report  on  the  Trees  and  Shrubs  growing  naturally  in  the 
forests  of  Massachusetts,  Boston,  1846,  pp.  635,  Svo,  17 
plates. 

"  J]very  page  seems  replete  with  interest,  both  of  things  old  and 
new,  rare  and  weU-known.  We  cheerfully  recommend  such  a  trea- 
tise as  this  to  the  friends  of  Horticulture;  feeling  that  the  stylo 
and  manner  in  which  the  subject  is  treated  will  be  peculiarly  in- 
teresting."— Hovet/'S  Magazine  of  ITorticnlture. 

Several  of  Mr.  Emerson's  Lectures  upon  Education  have 
been  pub.,  and  he  has  contributed  a  number  of  articles  to 
the  North  American  Review  and  the  Christian  Examiner. 

Emerson,  Gouverneur,  M.D.,  of  Philadelphia.  The 
Farmer's  and  Planter's  Encyclopaedia  of  Rural  Affairs,  by 
Cuthbert  W.  Johnson.  Adapted  to  the  United  States  by  G. 
E.,  Phila.,  1853,  Svo.  See  Johnson,  Cuthbert  W.  "Dt. 
Emerson  has  contributed  very  extensively  to  the  agricul- 
tural journals  of  the  U.S.  His  medical  writings  consist 
chiefly  of  extensive  contributions  upon  the  suljject  of  vital 
statlsiic.t,  including  the  mortality,  births,  and  changes  in 
the  population  of  Philadelphia  from  1808  to  *32  ;  show- 
ing, among  other  things,  the  excessive  mortality  of  males 
during  childhood,  and  its  causes.  Effects  of  Depressing 
Influences  in  Changing  the  Proportions  of  the  Sexes  at 
Birth.     ,Seo  Amer.  jour,  of  Med.  Sciences,  1827,  31,  48. 

Emerson,  James.  See  Tennent,  Sir  Jajies  Em- 
erson. 

Emerson,  Joseph,  1700-1767,  minister  of  Maiden, 
Mass.     Sernis.  Ac.  1727,  '35,  '38,  '47. 

Emerson,  Joseph,  1777-1833,  of  Beverly,  Mass. 
Miscellanies  in  Education. 

Emerson,  John  Swift.  Proceedings  Ct.  of  Exche- 
quer in  Ireland,  in  case  of  Johnson.  1806,  Svo. 

Emerson,  Ralph  Waldo,  the  son  of  a  Unitarian 
minister  of  Boston,  graduated  at  Harvard  College  in  1821, 
being  then  about  18  years  of  age.  After  some  attention 
to  theological  studies,  he  was  ordained  minister  of  tliu 
Second  Unitarian  Church  of  Boston;  but  this  connexion 
was  soon  sundered,  in  consequence  of  some  peculiarity  iu 
the  views  of  the  preacher.  He  now  retired  to  Concord, 
and  soon  became  absorbed  in  those  investigations  in  men- 
tal and  moral  philosophy  of  which  the  results  have  been 
from  time  to  time  communicated  to  the  world. 

An  oration  entitled  Man  Thinking,  delivered  before  the 
Phi  Beta  Kappa  in  1S37,  and  an  address  to  the  senior  class 
of  the  Divinity  College,  Cambridge,  in  1838,  attracted  con- 
siderable attention;  which  no  doubt  encouraged  Mr.  Em- 
erson to  address  the  public  through  the  medium  of  the 
press.  In  183S  he  pub.  Literary  Ethics,  an  Oration,  which 
was  followed  in  the  next  year  by  Nature,  an  Essay.     Iu 

<U7 


EME 


ENF 


18(0  he  commenced  tbe  publication  of  The  Dial,  a  maga-  ' 
ziue  devoted  to  the  discussion  of  mooted  points  in  litera- 
ture, philosophy,  and  history.  This  periodical  was  con- 
tinued for  four  years.  In  1841  ho  pub.  The  Methttd  of 
Nature,  an  Oration ;  Man  the  Reformer,  an  Oration  ,■  a 
lecture  upon  some  peculiarities  of  the  age;  three  Lectures 
on  the  Times,  and  the  first  series  of  his  Essays.  In  1844 
he  pub.  lectures  on  N.  England  Reformers,  the  Young 
American,  and  Negro  Emancipation  in  the  West  Indies, 
and  the  iSceond  Series  of  his  Essays.  He  subsequently 
delivered  lectures  on  Swedenborg,  Napoleon,  New  Eng- 
land, and  other  subjects.  In  1846  he  pub.  a  volume  of 
Puems.  He  visited  England  fur  the  second  time  in  1849, 
(bis  first  visit  was  paid  we  believe  about  1825.)  and  deli- 
vered a  series  of  lectures,  which  were  subsequently  pub. 
in  a  volume  under  the  title  of  Representative  Men.  In 
1852,  in  conjunction  with  Mr.  W.  H.  Channing  and  J.  F. 
Clarke,  he  pub.  The  Memtiirs  of  Margaret  Fuller,  and  in  1856, 
he  pub.  English  Traits.  Hehasalsocontrib.  toN.  Amer.  Rev. 
and  the  Chris.  Exam.  "Works,  unifurmed.,  6  vols. ;  Essays,  2 
vols. ;  Nature,  Addresses,  and  Lects.,  1  vol. ;  Representative 
Men,l  vol.;  English  Traits,  1  vol.;  Poems,  1  vol.  See  reviews 
in  West.  Rev.,  xxxiii. ;  Blaekw.  Mag.,  IxiL,  Ixiv. ;  Eclec. 
Rev.,  4th  Ser.,  xii.,  xxxi. ;  Chris.  Exam.,  xxx.,  (C.  C.  Fel- 
ton.)  xxxviii.,  (F.  II.  Hedge,)  xUi.,  xlviii.,  (both  by  C.  A. 
Bartol ;)  Amer.  Whig  Rev.,  i.,  vi. ;  Brownson's  Quarterly 
Review,  2d  Ser.,  i. ;  Christian  Review,  xv. ;  Princeton 
Review,  xiii. ;  Democratic  Review,  i.,  xvi. ;  New  Eng- 
lander,  viii. ;  Southern  Literary  Messenger,  xiii.;  Eclectic 
Magazine,  xiii.,  xviii. ;  Living  Age,  iv.,  xvi.,  xvii,,  (G.  Gil- 
fiUan,)  xxiii.,  xxiv.,  xxvi. 

"  We  suspect  that  Emerson  is  not  known  in  this  country  as  he 
deserves  to  be.  Willi  some  who  have  heard  his  name  coupled  with 
that  of  Carlyle,  he  passes  for  a  sort  of  echo  or  double  of  the  Eng- 
lish writer.  A  more  independent  and  original  thinker  can  nowhere 
in  this  age  be  found.  Tins  praise  must  at  all  events  be  awarded 
him.  And  even  in  America— which  has  not  the  reputation  of  gene- 
rally overlooking  or  underrating  the  merits  of  her  own  children — 
we  understand  that  the  reputation  of  Emerson  is  by  no  means 
wliat  it  ought  to  be;  and  many  critics  there  who  are  dissatisfied 
with  merely  imitative  talent,  and  demand  a  man  of  genius  of  (heir 
own,  are  not  aware  that  he  stands  there  amongst  them." — Black- 
wood's Magazii}€.  Ixiv.  643.  &c. 

'•We  warn  admirers  of  this  writer  against  a  doctrine  which 
tampers  with  the  difference  between  riijJd  and  wrong.  There  must 
be  such  a  difference :  it  deeply  concerns  every  man  who  pi-esumes 
to  teach  the  public  to  hold  fa^t  by  it.  .  .  .  No!  the  dnctrine  which 
Mr.  Emerson,  and  many  men  like-minded,  aie  compassing  sea  and 
land  to  propagate,  i^  not  true;  the  cultivated  intellect,  the  imagina- 
tion, the  conscience,  the  heart,  unite  in  the  disclaimer.  There  is 
a  deeper  philosophy  than  this,  a  nobler  poetry,  a  manlier  morality, 
a  stronger  stimulant,  a  sweeter  solace;  and'our  readers  need  not 
now  be  told  where  thrse  are  to  be  found.  .  .  .  Ilis  ethics  are  as  des- 
titute of  authority  as  bis  poetry  is  of  life  and  his  philosophy  of 
wi.rJum." — British  Quarterbj  Review. 

'■  It  is  better,  we  think,  for  a  man  to  tell  his  story  as  Jlr.  Irving, 
Mr.  Hawthoine.  or  Mr.  Longfellow  does,  than  to  adopt  the  style 
Emersonian— in  which  thoughts  may  be  buried  so  deep  that  com- 
mon seekers  shall  be  unable  to  find  them.  'Geoffrey  Crayon's'  ele- 
gance and  polish  do  not  imply  want  of  life  nr  the  absence  of  hu- 
mour. His  fancies  are  ideal,  not  typographical.  They  do  not 
consist  of  verbs  for  nouns— ov  full  stops  barring  the  way  when  the 
reader  desires  to  go  on,— of  tumid  epithets,  which  arrest  by  their 
strangeness,  not  their  appositeness, — of  foreign  idioms  and  forms, 
introduced  (it  may  not  be  uncharitable  to  divine)  by  way  of  .ip- 
prizing  the  public  that  the  writer  is  versed  in  Italian,  French,  or 
German." — Lon.  Athcn{Fuin,  Feb.  17.  IS.'iD.  102. 

Emersou,  T.  Courts  of  Law  of  London,Lon.,1794,8vo. 
_  Emerson,  Wm.,  1701-1782,  an  eminent  mathemati- 
cian, was  a  native  of  Hurworth,  near  Darlington,  England. 
He  pub.  many  treatises  upon  natural  philosophy,  astrono- 
my, and  various  branches  of  mathematics;  for  a  list  of 
which  see  Biog.  Brit. 

Emersou,  Wm.,  1769-1811,  a  minister  of  Boston, 
Mass.,  pub.  several  serms.,  theolog.  treatises,  Ac,  1794- 
1808.  After  his  death  was  pub.  his  sketch  of  the  history 
of  the  first  church  in  Buston,  with  2  semis.,  1S12,  Svo. 

Emersone,  John.  The  World's  Prospect;  or,  a  Com- 
mentary upon  Isa.  xxiii.  14,  Lon.,  1646,  12mo. 

Ernes,  Tnomas.  Alkali  and  Acid,  Lr.n.,  1609,  Svo. 
Atheist  turned  Deist,  1699,  Svo.     Predictions,  1707,  4to. 

Emlyu,  Henry.  Propositions  for  a  New  Order  of 
Architecture,  Lon.,  1782,  fol. 

Emlyn,  Thomas,  1663-1743.  a  learned  English  di- 
vine, a  native  of  Lincolnshire,  attracted  great  attention  by 
his  championship  of  Arianism.  In  explanation  of  his 
sentiments,  he  pub.  at  Dublin,  where  he  had  been  stationed, 
an  Humble  Inquiry  into  the  Scripture  Account  of  Jcsua 
Christ,  or  a  short  argument  concerning  his  Doity  and 
Glory,  according  to  the  Gospel.  This  led  to  his  prosecu- 
tion and  imprisonment.  Ho  wrote  a  number  of  other  con- 
troversial tracts,  n  list  of  which  will  be  found  in  Biog.  Brit, 
and  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit.     A  collective  ed.  of  his  Works,  with 


a  Memoir  by  his  son,  was  pub.  in  1746,  3  vols.  Svo.     See 
a  notice  of  some  of  his  works  in  Orme's  Bibl.  Bib. 

"Though  his  writings  are,  perhaps,  not  now  so  much  read  as 
they  formerly  were,  they  still  continue  to  be  held  in  reputation, 
and  have  a  number  of  admirers.  Our  author  was  what  is  called  a 
hi.;h  Arian;  believing  our  blessed  Saviour  to  be  the  first  of  derived 
Beings,  the  Creator  of  the  World,  and  an  object  of  worship." — Db. 
KlPPls,  m  Bing.  Brit. 

Emmerick,  A.,  Lt.  Col.  1.  Culture  of  Forests,  Lon., 
1789,  Svo.     2.  Light  Troops  to  an  Army,  1789,  12mo. 

Emmerton,  Isaac.  Culture  and  Management  of  the 
Auricola,  Ac,  Lon.,  1816. 

Emmet,  Thomas  Addis,  1764-1827,  a  native  of 
Cork,  wa.s  admitted  to  the  Dublin  Bar  in  1791.  Becoming 
a  leader  among  the  "  United  Irishmen,"  he  was  obliged  to 
emigrate  to  the  Continent,  after  suffering  imprisonment, 
and  in  1804  arrived  in  New  York.  Here  he  was  admitted 
to  the  bar,  and  in  1812  was  appointed  Attorney  General 
of  the  State.  He  died  of  an  attack  of  apoplexy  in  1827. 
He  wrnte,  whilst  in  prison  in  Scotland,  a  work  pub.  in  New 
York  in  1S07,  entitled  Pieces  of  Irish  History,  illustrative 
of  the  condition  of  the  Catholics  of  Ireland.  He  was  a 
brother  of  Robert  Emmet,  executed  for  treason  in  1803, 
and  of  Christopher  Temple  Emmet,  a  distinguished  lawyer 
of  Dublin.  See  Memoirs  of  Thomas  Addis  Emmet,  by 
Charles  Glidden  Haynes;  with  a  Biog.  Notice  of  Mr. 
Haynes,  Lon.,  1829,  12moj  and  a  Sketch  of  the  character 
of  Emmet  by  the  late  Judge  Story,  in  his  Misceh  Writings, 
801-807. 

'■That  he  had  great  qualities  as  an  orator  cannot  be  doubted  by 
any  one  who  has  heard  him.  His  mind  possessed  a  good  deal  of 
the  fervour  which  characterizes  his  countrymen.  It  was  quick, 
vigorous,  searching,  and  buoyant.  lie  kindled  as  he  spoke. 
There  was  a  spontaneous  combustion  as  it  were,  not  sparkling,  but 
clear  and  glowing.  His  rhetoric  was  never  florid;  and  his  diction, 
though  select  and  pure,  seemed  the  common  dress  of  his  thoughts, 
as  they  arose,  rather  than  any  studied  effortat  ornament."— J udob 
Story,  uhi  supra. 

Emmett,  J.  B.     Heat;  Annals  of  Phil.,  1S17. 

Emmons,  Nathaniel,  D.D.,  1745-1840.  CCXI. 
Serms.,  with  Lifb  by  Dr.  J.  Idc,  N.  York,  1842,  6  vols.  r. 
Svo.     These  vols,  contain  upwards  of  220  sermons. 

"One  of  the  most  eminent,  original,  and  able  preachers  of  his 
time."  See  Chris.  Kxam.,  xxxiii.  1G9;  Am.  Bib.  Rep.,  2d  s.,  viii. 
314,  s.  3j2:  Princeton  Uev.,  xiv.  520. 

Emmot,  G.,  of  Durham.  A  Northern  Blast;  or,  the 
Spiritual  Quaker  converted,  Lon.,  1655,  4to. 

Emory,  W.  H.,  Major  U.S.  Army,  b.  in  Queen  Anne's 
CO.,  Md.  1.  Notes  of  a  Military  Reconnoissance  in  Mis- 
souri and  California,  N.  York,  1S4S,  Svo.  2,  Notes  of 
Travel  in  Calir<>rnia;  from  the  Official  Reports  of  Colonel 
Fremont  and  Major  Emory,  N.Y.,  Svo. 

"This  work  contains  a  map  of  the  United  States,  Mexico,  and 
California,  together  with  a  sectional  map,  on  a  large  scale,  of  the 
Gold-Regions,  and  is  replete  with  interest." 

3.  Report  of  the  U.S.  and  Mexican  Boundary-Com- 
mission. Washington,  4to.     An  elaborate  work. 

Emms,  Robert.  Gospel  Dispensation,  Lon.,  1732, 4to. 

Enderbie,  Percy,  Cambria  Triumphans;  or,  Bri- 
tain in  its  perfect  Lustre,  from  the  first  uf  their  Princes  to 
Charles  I.,  Lon.,  1601,  fol.  Being  a  History  of  Wales. 
L..rd  Essex's  copy,  £30  9s.;  Heathcote's,  £29  ISs.  6(1.; 
Montolieu's,  £32  lis.  Reprinted,  Lon.,  1810,  fol.  See  an 
analysis  of  this  work  in  Sav.ige's  Librarian,  ii.  49-74. 

"As  fur  Enderbie,  who  was  an  author  of  no  considerable  note, 
as  having  not  had  that  just  education  which  is  requisite  for  a 
genuine  historian,  he  hath  done  his  work  but  very  meanly,  being 
mostly  a  scribble  from  late  authors,  and  gives  not  that  satisfaction 
which  curious  men  desire  to  know." — Athen.  Oxon.,  Blisses  cd.,  in. 
710. 

"Its  intrinsic  worth  in  respect  to  its  contents  is  not  very  great." 
— jS(va//e's  Librarian,  ii.  50. 

Y'et  so  scarce  had  the  original  folio  become,  that  a  year 
before  it  was  reprinted  the  same  authority  inlbrms  us, 

'•  At  present  1  believe  thatagood  copy,  bound  in  Russia  leather, 
is  difficult  to  l>o  procmcd  for  much  less  than  forty  guineas."' 

The  same  vol.  (original)  is  now  (1855)  worth  perhaps 
£5  to  £5  10s.  iu  good  condition  and  binding. 

Eiidress,  Rev.  Dr.,  Lutheran  pastor.  Christi  Regi- 
ment mit  wcltlicher  Monarchie  und  Aristocratic  unverein- 
bar.  171)1,  12mo;  also  posthumous  Sermons  published  in 
Lutheran  Preacher  and  Pulpit. 

Eulield,  Wm.,  LL.D.,  1741-1797,  a  Socinian  divine, 
a  native  of  Sudbury,  Suflolk,  minister  of  a  congregation 
at  Liverpool,  1763;  teacher  of  the  dissenting  academy  at 
Warrington,  1770-83,  when  it  was  dissolved;  minister  of 
a  congregation  at  Norwich,  1783-97.  Serms.,  Prayers, 
Selectiun  of  Hymns,  &c.,  176S-95.  The  Preacher's  Di- 
rectory; an  arrangement  of  topics  and  texts,  1771,  4to; 
1775,  9  vols.  12mo;  1782,  4to. 

"  An  excellent  work,  formed  upon  an  admir-nblo  plan,  and  exr^ 
cuted  with  great  accuracy  and  judgment.  This  performance  will 
be  particularly  usefid  to  those  who  compose  sermons,  as  it  will 


ENF 


ENG 


immediately  furnish  them  with  a  rririety  of  texts  on  every  sub- 
ject, niauy  of  which  are  selected  aud  applied  with  great  taste  and 
iugenuity.  We  will  venture  to  recommend  it  to  every  preacher  as 
the  best  booli  of  its  kind  that  has  ever  been  published." — Loti. 
Critical  Bn-if-iv. 

Essay  towards  a  Hist,  of  Liverpool,  from  papers  of  Geo. 
PeiTj,  "and  other  materials.  1773,  fol.  Literary  Propei'ty, 
1774. 4to.  The  Speaker,  1775,  8vo.  A  very  good  collection 
of  prose  and  poetry.  New  ed.,  1850,  12mo.  By  Rev.  J. 
Pyeroft,  1S51,  12mo.  Elocution,  1780,  12mo.  Natural 
Philosophy,  1783,  4to;  1799,  4to.  The  Hi.story  of  Philo- 
sophy from  the  earliest  periods  to  the  beginning  of  the 
present  century,  drawn  up  from  Brucker's  Ilistoria  Critica 
Philosophise,  1791,  2  vols.  4to ;  1S19,  2  vols.  Svo.  New  ed., 
1840.  Svo,  pp.  670.  Brucker's  great  work  was  pub.  in  6 
large  4to  vols.,  Leipsic,  1742^4.  A  new  ed.,  with  large 
nddits.  and  improvements,  appeared  in  6  vols.  4to,  Leipsic, 
1767.  The  author  had  previously  pub.  an  abridgment  in 
1765,  large  Svo.  Enfield's  work  is  un  abridgment  of  the 
best  edit.,  6  vols.  4to.  which  comprises  about  6000  closely- 
printed  pages.  The  value  of  Brucker's  work  is  well  known. 
"Whether  entitled  to  Enfield's  enthusiastic  eulogy,  it  must 
be  left  to  learned  inquirers  in  the  same  field  to  decide: 

'•A  vast  magaxineofimportint  facts,  collected  with  indefatigable 
industry,  digested  with  admirable  perspicuity  of  method,  aud  writ- 
ten with  every  appearance  of  candour  and  impartiality.  .  .  .  His 
work  bears  throughout  such  evident  marks  of  diligeut  attention, 
cool  judgment,  and  freedom  from  prejudice,  as  justly  to  entitle  his 
opinions  to  no  small  degree  of  respect;  but  as  far  as  concerns  facts, 
perhaps  no  historian  ever  had  a  better  claim  to  confidence.  No 
candid  reader  will,  without  the  most  careful  inquiry,  pronounce 
that  statement  of  facts  erroneous  which  was  the  result  of  a  course 
of  Investigation  in  which  the  life  of  an  industrious  student  was 
principally  occupied  for  the  long  term  of  fifty  years."— EnJieUrs 
Pre/,  f'l  his  Ahridgmait.  1791. 

"This  eminent  and  valuable  work  has  received  the  general  suf- 
frage of  the  learned,  as  being  the  most  comprehensive,  methodical, 
and,  impartial  history  of  theology  hitherto  wiitten.  It  is  both  a 
history  of  doctrines  and  of  men.  As  a  history  of  doctrines,  it  lays 
open  the  origin  of  opinions,  the  changes  they  have  undergone,  the 
distinct  characters  of  different  systems,  and  the  leading  points  in 
which  they  differ;  as  a  history  of  men,  it  relates  the  lives  of  the 
most  eminent  philosophers,  takes  notice  of  their  followers  and  op- 
ponents, and  describes  the  origin,  progress,  and  decline  of  their 
respective  sects;  and  throws  much  light  on  the  ancient  religions 
of  India,  Persia,  and  on  every  other  branch  of  Eastern  literature." 
'•  An  indispensable  work.  I  can  truly  say,  that  the  benefit  which 
I  have  derived  from  it  is  much  greater  than  it  would  be  possible 
to  express  by  any  quotation  or  acknowledgments,  however  nume- 
rous."— Burh/ti's  Bampton  Lixtures. 

Enfield  performed  his  task  in  a  most  creditable  manner : 
"It  may  be  truly  said,  that  the  tenets  of  philosophy  and  the 
lives  of  its  professors  were  never  before  displayed  in  so  pleasing  a 
form,  and  with  such  clearness  and  excellence  of  language." 

*' It  contains  a  fund  of  information  that  is  scarcely  anywhere 
elsetobemetwithiuthe  English  language.  Without  it  no  library 
can  be  considered  as  at  all  complete."— />r.  E.  Williams's  C.  P. 

It  is  not  to  be  denied,  indeed,  that  doubts  have  been  ex- 
pressed of  the  accuracy  of  some  of  his  paraphrases  of 
ancient  philosophic  propositions  and  conclusions.  Serms. 
on  Practical  Subjects,  with  Memoirs  of  the  Author,  by 
John  Aikin,  M.D.,  1798,  3  vols.  Svo;  2d  ed.,  1799,  3  vols. 
Svo. 

*•  These  Sermons  are  60  in  number,  and  are  almost  entirely  writ- 
ten upon  moral  subject.s.  to  illustrate  the  Character  of  our  Lord, 
to  explain  and  comment  upon  his  Parables,  or  to  enforce  some  of 
his  Precepts.  Hisebief  talent  consists  in  expressing  common  ideas 
in  clear  and  apposite  language:  and  he  so  well  inculcates  the  mo- 
ral precepts  of  Christianity,  that,  with  reference  to  them,  bis  Ser- 
mons may  be  read  to  advantage  by  every  class  of  believers." — 
British  (yitic. 

"■  In  Dr.  Enfield's  compositions  we  see  great  correctness  of  senti- 
ment, and  a  happy  mode  of  expression.  His  words  stand  for  ideas ; 
he  is  cle,ar  without  ni-edless  expansion,  and  concise  without  being 
confused." — Lmi.  MnnVtly  Review 

The  English  Preacher;  a  coUec.  of  short  Serms.  from 
various  authors,  1773,  '74,  9  vols.  12mo. 

"  Very  useful  to  young  preachers,  by  exhibiting  before  them  at 
one  view  a  great  variety  of  models  for  their  imitation." — Lowndes's 
Brit.  Librarian. 

Enfield  was  a  large  contributor  to  the  1st  vol.  of  Dr. 
Aikin's  General  Biography,  1799-1815,  10  vols.  4to.  See 
AiKiN,  John,  M.D.,  in  this  volume,  and  a  biography  of  Dr. 
Enfield  in  Aikin's  General  Biography: 

"He  joined  with  the  writer  of  this  article  in  laying  the  plan; 
and  all  the  lives  in  the  first  volume  marked  with  his  initial,  com- 
prising more  than  half  the  whole,  are  of  his  composition.  .  .  .  His 
language,  chaste,  clear,  correct,  and  free  from  all  affectation,  is  one 
of  the  best  specimens  of  that  middle  style  which  is  fitted  for  all 
topics,  and  he  communicut*-s  to  his  reader  all  that  clearness  of  idea 
which  reigned  in  his  mind." — DR.  .\iKis.  nhi  siipnt. 

Enfield.  Wm.  1.  New  Pronouncing  English  Diction- 
ary, 1807,  l'2mo. 

"Mr.  Enfield  has  displayed  considerable  judgment  and  great 
industry  in  the  cnmpilati'm  and  arrangement  of  the  useful  little 
volume'before  us." — Anti-Jaaibin  Bevieio.  Aug.  1S07. 

2.  New  Encyclopedia,  1809-11, 10  vols.  12mo.  3.  Natu- 
ral Theology,  1809,  12mo.      '    "  -      ^  -. 


Constitution  of  England.  1S09, 12mo.    5.  Mental  and  Mora! 
Philusoidiy  and  L..gic.l810. 12mo.    6.  Natural  Philosophy. 
England,  Rev.  George,     Inquiry  into  the  Morals 
of  the  Ancients,  1757,  4to. 

ElijE^laiid,  John.  Discourses,  1700,  Svo.  Serm.,  1710, 
Svo.     ,^erm..  1715.  Svo. 

Eniiland,Ut.  Rev.  John,D.D.,R-  Catholic  Bishop  of 
N.  Carnlin:!.  S.  Ciir<din:i.  and  Georgia,  for  twenty-two  years, 
died  at  Charle.^tnn.  April  11,  1S42,  aged  56.  Discourse  be- 
fore the  Hibernian  Society  of  Savannah,  Charleston,  1824, 
Svo.  See  a  review  in  the  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  xi.x.  470.  Expla- 
nation of  the  Construction.  Furniture,  and  Ornnments  of  a 
Church,  Ac.  Bait.,  Svo.  Letters  on  Slavery,  Svo.  Works 
edited  by  Bishop  Reynolds.  Bait.,  1849,  5  vols.  r.  Svo. 

England,  Thomas  R.  1.  Letters  from  the  Abb6 
Edgeworth  to  his  Friends,  1777-1 S07,  with  Memoirs  of  bis 
Life,  1810,  Svo.  Life  of  the  Rev.  Arthur  O'Leary,  &c.,  1822. 
Svo.  Illustrative  of  the  condition  of  the  IrisH  R.  Catholics 
in  the  18th  century. 

Englefield,  Sir  Henry  Charles,  M.P.,  1752-1R22, 
an  astronomer  and  antiquary.  1.  Tables  of  the  Apparent 
Places  of  the  Comet  in  lOtil,  Lon._,  1788,  4to.  2.  Letter 
rel.  to  the  case  of  Protestant  Dissenters,  1790,  Svo.  3.  Or- 
bits of  Comets,  1793,  4to.  4.  Walkthrough  Southampton; 
its  Antiquities,  ISOl,  Svo.  5.  Beauties,  Antiquities,  and 
Geological  Phenomena  of  the  Isle  of  Wight.  1S16,  fol. 
This  work  should  be  read  by  all  who  expect  to  visit  the 
Isle  of  Wight. 

"  .Sir  Henry  Knglefield  is  well  known  in  the  literary  world  as  a 
man  of  taste,  of  ext*^nsive,  various,  aud  accurate  information;  .ind 
the  description  of  the  Isle  of  Wight  is  a  work,  in  all  respects,  wor- 
thy of  a  person  distinguished  by  the  possession  of  such  accom- 
plishments.''— Etli)].  liev.,  xxix.  363-377. 

Con.  on  Astronomy,  Geology,  and  Natural  Philosophy, 
toPhil.  Trans.,  17S1,"S4;  Trans.  Linn.  Soc,  1802  ;  Archaj- 
ol.,  1782,  '90,  '92;  Nic.  Jour.,  1804;  Phil.  Mag..  1814. 
'15.  In  1819,  in  6  Nos.,  imp.  Svo,  appeared  the  Englefield 
Vases,  and  in  the  same  year,  in  6  Nos.,  was  pub.  The  Life 
of  Sir  H.  C.  Englefield,  bv  Sotheby. 

Engles,  Wm.  M.,  D.D.,  of  Philadelphia.  Rills  from 
the  Fountain  of  Wisdom ;  or  the  Book  of  Proverbs  arranged 
and  illustr.ated,  Phila.,  12mo.  The  idea  is  excellent,  and 
its  execution  has  been  highly  commended.  No  one  should 
be  without  this  little  volume. 

English,  E.  H.  Reports  of  Cases  in  Sup.  Ct.  of  Law 
and  Eq.  in  Arkansas,  Little  Rock,  lS4fi,  Svo. 

English,  George  B.,  d.  1828,  aged  39,  was  the  son 
of  Thomas  English,  of  Boston,  Mass.,  and  graduated  at 
Harvard  Coll.  in  1807.  1.  Grounds  of  Christianity  Exam- 
ined, 1813,  12mo.  This  was  answered  by  Edward  Everett, 
of  Massachusetts,  in  1S14,  and  also  by  Samuel  Cary  in  1813. 
Mr.  Everett's  answer  forms  a  vol.  of  about  500  pages.  He 
was  between  20  and  21  years  of  age  at  the  time  of  its 
publication.  2.  Letter  to  Mr.  Cary  on  his  Review  of  the 
Grounds  of  Christianity  Examined.  3.  Letter  to  Dr.  Chan- 
niug  on  his  2  serms.  on  Infidelity,  1813.  4.  Expedition  to 
Dongola  and  Sennaar,  1S23,  Svo.  5.  Five  Smooth  Stones 
out  of  the  Brook.  This  was  intended  as  an  answer  to 
Edward  Everett's  unanswerable  response  to  English's 
Grounds  of  Christianity  Examined. 

Mr.  Everett  convicts  English  of  the  most  flagrant  dis- 
honesty in  his  assertions,  and  bare-faced  plagiarism,  to  a 
degree  almost  unprecedented.  This  reckless  blasphemer 
of  "a  doctrine  which  once  he  preached,"  transfers  by 
wholesale  to  his  malignant  pages  the  sophistries  and  quib- 
bles, the  absurdities  and  the  blunders,  of  Evanson,  Collins. 
Toland,  and  other  such  worthies,  and  appropriates  without 
scruple  the  reflections  of  Semler,  Priestley,  Rabbi  Isaac, 
and  Orobio.  Mr.  Everett  shows  that  thus  ninety-four 
pages  are  borrowed  from  other  writers,  of  which  number 
Mr.  English  gives  credit  to  the  owners  for  twenty-four 
pages  only.  The  work  of  Mr.  Everett  would  do  honour  to 
any  critic,  however  far  advanced  in  years  or  experienced 
in  polemics ;  but  as  the  composition  of  a  mere  youth,  it  is 
one  of  the  most  remarkable  productions  of  the  human 
mind.  The  following  extracts  are  commended  to  the  class 
of  writers  especially  concerned : 

"Justly,  most  justly,  does  Dr.  Leland  observe,  that  *  It  would  be 
hard  to  produce  any  persons  whatever,  who  are  chargeable  with 
more  unfair  and  fraudulent  management  in  their  quotations,  in 
ciirtnilinf/.  adding  to,  and  altcriiir/.  the  pass't</i'S  they  cite,_  or  taking 
them  out  of  their  connexion,  and  mahinrf  them  sptak  directly  con- 
trary to  tite  sentiments  nf  their  aidhr/rs,'  than  the  Veistical  Writers." 
—EverfM's  Deftiux  of  Christianity,  108. 
Again : 

"It  is  a  peculiarity  of  the  skeptical  writers,  that  they  delight  to 
dwell  on  indelicate  and  indecent  themes.  The  reader  will  see  some 
tracesof  this  in  Mr.  English's  work.  .  .  .  Porsou,  in  the  preface  to 
his  unanswerable  letters  to  Travis,  justly  censures  Gibbon  for  this 


4.  Compend.  of  the  Laws  and  I  vulgar  vice,  and  there  needs  no  confirmation  to  the  remark  at  the 


ENG 


ERS 


beginning  of  tills  not*  to  one  who  has  read  the  works  of  Woolston, 
of  Mandeville,  or  Voltaire." — Ibid. iSl.  note. 

English  was  a  roving  eharactcr,  and  served  under  the 
Pasha  of  Egypt.  He  is  said  to  have  embraced  Islamisni, 
but  this  story  we  believe  to  be  untrue.  At  one  time  of  his 
life  be  was  a  member  of  the  community  at  New  HnrmoDy. 
Shortly  after  leaving  college  he  studied  theology,  and  was 
licensed  to  preach  as  a  candidate  for  the  ministry,  by  the 
''Boston  Association  of  Clergymen." 

£ii§:lish,  H.  S.  Laws  respecting  Pews  or  Seats  in 
Churches,  Lon.,  1.826,  8v". 

English,  J.  Obs.  on  Sheridan's  Dissert,  nn  the  English 
Tongue  :  difficulties  in  pronunciation,  Ac,  Lon.,  1762,  Svo. 

English,  J.     Serm..  1776,  8vo. 

Engli^ih,  John.  The  Grey  Spirit  of  the  Friar,  and 
the  Black  Spirit  of  the  Wye :  a  Romance,  ISIO,  2  vols.  12mo. 

English,  John  George.  Arithmetic,  &c.,  1795, 12mo. 

English,  Michael.     Assize  on  Bread,  1491. 

English,  Peter.  The  Survey  of  Policy  ;  or  a  Vindic. 
of  the  Commonwealth  agst.  Salmasius  and  other  Royalists, 
Lon.,  165a.  4to. 

English,  Rev.  Robert.  The  Naval  Review;  a  Poem, 
Lon.,  1773,  4to:  1774,  4to.     Elegy,  1777,  4to. 

English,  Thomas.     Serm.,  17.'')4.  4to. 

English,  Thomas  Dunn,  of  Philadelphia,  has  ac- 
quired considerable  reputation  as  a  contributor  of  prose 
and  poetical  articles  to  the  periodicals  of  the  d.iy. 

•■  Mr.  En^^lish  is  best  known  as  an  ori;;inal,  forcible,  and  some- 
times humorous,  writj/r  of  prose."  Seetiriswolds  Poets  and  Poetry 
of  Ameriira. 

Enoch,  Richard.     Serm.,  1707,  4to. 

Enos,  James  Lysander,  b.  1825,  in  the  State  of 
New  York.  Intellectual  and  Practical  Arithmetic.  Re- 
vised ed.,  N.  York,  1854,  18mo. 

Ensor,  George.  1.  Principles  of  Mor.ality.  1801,  Svo. 
2.  The  Independent  Man,  1806,  Svo.  3.  National  Govern- 
ment, 1810,  2  vols.  Svo.  4.  National  Education,  1811,  Svo. 
6.  Defects  of  the  English  Laws  and  Tribunals,  1812,  Svo. 

"  A  rambline,  desultory,  fault-finding.  ill-dit;ested  volume,  in 
which  the  author  finds  little  to  praise  and  much  to  blame." — Nar- 
vin's  Leg.  BilA. 

6.  Present  State  of  Ireland,  1814,  Svo.  7.  State  of  Eu- 
rope in  Jan.  1816,  1S16,  Svo. 

Ent,  Sir  George,  1604-16S9,  an  eminent  physician, 
was  a  native  of  Sandwich,  Kent,  and  educated  at  Sidney 
Susse.'E  Coll.,  Camb.  1.  Amicorum  Applausus  cum  Patavi 
M.D.  crearetur,  Pat.,  1636.  2.  Apologia  pro  Circulatione 
S.anguinis  contra  JEmilium  Parisnnum,  Lon.,  1641,  '85, 
Svo.  In  defence  of  Harvey.  3.  Animadversiones  in  Ma- 
lachiaj  Thrustoui  M.D.,  diatribam  de  respirationis  usu 
primario,  1G79,  '84,  '85,  Svo.  Whole  Works,  Lcyden,  1687, 
Svo.  He  is  said  to  have  trans,  the  whole  of  Harvey's  Ex- 
ercitationes  de  Generalionc  Animalium  into  Latin.  Con. 
to  Phil.  Tr.ans.,  1678,  '91. 

Entick,  or  Entinck,  John,  1713-1773.  Speculum 
Latinum,  Lon.,  1728,  Svo.  New  Naval  History,  1758,  fol. 
Gracral  History  of  the  Late  War,  by  Entinck  and  others, 
1763,  5  vols.  Svo.  Relates  principally  to  the  war  in  Ame- 
rica. See  Lon.  Monthly  Review.  Survey  and  History  of 
London,  Ac,  1766,  4  vols.  Svo.  Not  much  valued.  New 
Latin  .nnd  English  Dictionary,  1771,  12mo.  Many  eds., 
1786,  by  W.  Crackelt.  This  dictionary  has  been  "repub- 
lished within  the  last  few  years.  Present  State  of  the 
British  Empire,  1774,  4  vols.  Svo.  New  Spelling  Diction- 
ary, 1764,  12mo.  By  Crackelt,  1784,  12mo;  17S8,  4to ; 
1795,  I2mo.  New  ed.,  1850,  sq.  Other  works.  He  was 
engaged  in  some  tbeolog.  and  some  political  publications. 

Eutwisle,  Edmund,  D.D.     Serm.,  1697,  4to. 

Enty,  John,  a  dissenting  minister  of  E.\eter.  Serms., 
1707,  'Ki,  '20,  '25,  '37.     Other  publications. 

Equinox,  Thomas.  More  Conversation,  or  Ecclesi- 
astical Syna]itism,  Lou.,  1807,  Svo. 

Erbery,  \Vm.  Pub.  many  theolog.  treatises,  1627-54, 
which  seem  to  have  been  forgotten.  See  a  list  in  Watt's 
Bibl.  Brit.  [ 

Erdeswicke,  Sampson,  d.  1603,  was  an  antiquary  ! 
of  Sandon,  in  Staffordshire.  A  Short  View  of  Stafford-  \ 
shire,  Lon.,  1717,  Svo.  Again  by  Sir  Simon  Deggo  in  1723. 
But  Lowndes  speaks  of  both  the  above  as  one  edition.  (?) 
The  View  is  now  incorporated  in  Shaw's  Hist,  of  Stafford- 
shire. Erdeswicke's  View  is  said  to  be  inaccurate,  not- 
withstanding the  commendation  of  Wood,  who  tells  us 
that  it  I 

"  Was  begun  about  the  year  1593,  and  continued  by  him  to  bis 
death,  from  ancient  evidences  and  records,  with  brevity,  clearness, 
and  truth." 

Erdeswicke  is  supposed  to  have  written  The  True  State 
of  Armory,  pub.  under  the  name  of  William  Wyrelcy,  1592, 
4to,  but  this  is  very  doubtful. 
660 


Erichsen,  John,  Prof,  of  Surgery  in  University  Coll., 
London.  The  Science  and  Art  of  Surgery,  Lon.,  1853,  p. 
Svo.  Amer.  ed.,  with  Notes  and  Additions,  by  J.  H.  Brin- 
ton,  M.D.,  Phila.,  1854,  Svo;  nearly  900  pages. 

'•  The  volume  before  us  gives  a  very  admirable  practical  view  of 
the  science  and  art  of  surgery  of  the  present  day."— £(im.  Mtd. 
and  Sttrtj.  Jour. 

"Decidedly  the  best  treatise  on  the  subject  since  the  days  of  Ben- 
jamin Bell." — Pbof.  S.  D.  Gross.  May  17.  18.54. 

Erigena,  Johannes  Scotus,  a  celebrated  philoso- 
pher, a  native  of  Ireland,  long  resident  at  the  court  of 
Charles  the  Bald,  King  of  France,  is  supposed  to  have  died 
about  877,  but  of  this  date,  as  of  the  incidents  of  his  life, 
there  appears  to  be  much  doubt.  The  curious  reader  can 
refer  to  the  .authorities  cited  below.  Of  his  writings  a  cata- 
logue will  be  found  in  Cave  and  others.  Bale  has  added 
to  the  number,  but  it  is  thought  without  sufScient  evidence. 
The  following  have  been  printed  :  1.  De  Divisione  Nature, 
Oxon.,  by  Gale,  1681,  fol. 

"llis  book  entitled  The  Division  of  Nature  is  of  great  use  in 
solving  many  intricate  and  perplexing  questions,  if  wecan  forgive 
him  for  deviating  from  the  path  of  the  Latin  philosophers  and 
divines,  and  pursuini;  th.at  of  the  Greeks.  It  was  this  that  made 
him  appear  a  heretic  to  many ;  and  it  must  be  confessed  that  there 
are  many  things  in  it  which,  at  first  sight  at  least,  seem  to  be  con- 
trary to  the  Catholic  faith." — Hoveden. 

2.  De  Praidestiuatione  Dei,  contra  Goteschalcum,  edited 
by  Gilb.  Maguin  in  his  Vindiciai  Proedestinationis  et  Gra- 
tia;, vol.  i.  p.  103.  This  work  was  violently  attacked  by 
Prudentius  and  Florus.  3.  E.xcerpta  de  Differentiis  et  So- 
cietatibus  Gra;ci  Latiniquo  Verbi,  in  Macrobius's  works. 
4.  Do  Corpore  et  Sanguine  Domini,  1558,  '60,  1653;  Lon., 
1686,  Svo.  It  is  supposed  that  the  treatise  really  written 
by  Erigena  is  lost,  and  that  the  published  one  is  not  the 
genuine  tract.  It  is  certain  that  Erigena  denied  the  doc- 
trine of  transubstantiation.  It  was  intended  as  an  answer 
to  Paschasius  Radbertus.  Erigena's  treatise  was  con- 
demned to  be  burned  at  Rome  in  1059.  It  w.as  on  this 
account  that  his  name  was  stricken  from  the  roll  of  saints 
by  Baronius.  5.  Ambigua  S.  Maximi,  seu  Scholia  ejus 
in  difficiles  Locos  S.  Gregorii  Naziauzeni,  Latine  versa, 
with  the  Divisio  Natura-,  Oxford,  1681,  fol.  6.  Opera  S. 
Dionysii  quatuor  in  Latinam  Linguam  conversa,  in  the 
edition  of  Dionysius,  Colon.,  1536.  Many  of  his  MSS.  are 
still  in  existence.  He  trans,  from  the  Latin,  at  the  request 
of  King  Charles,  four  works  attributed  to  Dionysius  the 
Areopagite.  This  trans,  (see  conclusion  of  this  article) 
involved  Erigena  in  difficulty,  and  elicited  an  indignant 
letter  from  Pope  Nicholas  I.  to  the  King  of  France.  It  is 
suiii)osed  that  this  led  to  Erigena's  withdrawal  from  France, 
but  this  is  greatly  doubted.  See  Biog.  Brit. ;  Mackenzie's 
Scotch  Writers;  Wood's  Annals,  and  Colleges  and  Halls; 
Henry's  Hist,  of  G.  Brit.;  Cave;  Fabric.  Bibl.  Lat.  Med.: 
Brucker;  Saxii  Onomast,;  Hist.  Lit.  deFr.,  v.,  pp.  428,  429; 
Chalmers's  Biog.  Diet. ;  Wright's  Biog.  Brit.  Lit. 

"  He  was  a  skilful  logician  and  controversialist,  and  bad  imbibed, 
by  the  peru.sal  of  some  of  the  Greek  Fathers,  a  considerable  taint 
of  the  Platouism  of  the  School  of  Alexandria.  He  thus  became 
one  of  the  founders  of  the  philosophic  school  of  the  Realists,  who 
attracted  so  much  attention  in  the  eleventh  and  twelfth  centuries." 
— Wright,  tthi  supra. 

"  Anastasius  had  so  high  an  opinion  of  Erigena,  that  he  ascribed 
his  translation  of  the  works  of  Dionysius  to  the  especial  influence 
of  the  spiiit  of  God."' — Dr.  Kirpis.  in  Biog.  Brit. 

But  his  opponents  complained  of  the  trans,  as  "too  lite- 
ral, and  therefore  often  unintelligible,  or  liable  to  be  mis- 
understood ;  and  they  represented  it  as  ridiculous  that  a 
barbarian  from  the  extreme  edge  of  the  world  should  un- 
derstand Greek." 

The  reader  will  find  some  specimens  of  the  compositions 
of  Erigena  in  Usher's  Veterum  Epistolarum  Hibcrnicarum 
Sylloge.,  Dul)l.,  1632,  4to. 

Ernst,  Rev.  Dr.  Lutheran  Pastor,  Lebanon,  Pa. 
Sermon  on  the  Death  of  Washington. 

Ernulph,  or  Earnnlph,  b.  about  1040,  d.  1124,  a  na- 
tive of  Bcauvais,  and  pupil  of  Lanfranc,  was  made  Abbot 
of  Pctersborough  in  1107,  and  in  1114  was  promoted  to 
the  bishopric  of  Rochester.  Ho  collected  the  early  char- 
ters, &c.  of  his  see  into  a  volume,  which  is  still  extant,  and 
known  as  the  Textus  Roffensis.  In  addition  to  the  char- 
ters of  the  church,  it  contains  many  of  the  Anglo-Saxon 
and  early  Anglo-Norman  laws,  and  a  number  of  other 
doo*iments.  It  has  been  largely  drawn  from  by  the  com- 
pilers of  early  British  laws.  A  portion  of  its  contents  will 
be  found  in  Wharton's  Anglia  Sacra,  1091,  fol.,  pp.  329- 
34;  andthe  whole  was  printed  by  Hearnc.  Oxon.,  1720,  Svo. 
Two  Epistles  of  Ernulph's  will  be  found  in  D'.Achery's 
Spicilegium,  tomus  iii.,  Parisiis,  1723,  fob,  pp.  464-71. 

Erralt,  Thomas.     Con.  to  Mem.  Med.,  1799. 

Erskine,  Hon.  Andrew,  1739-1793.  third  son  of 
the  5th  Earl  'ji  KoUie.     Letters  between  him  and  James 


ERS 


ERS 


Boswell,  Esq.,  Lon.,  176:^,  Svo.     Town   Eclogues,  Lon., 
1773,  4to. 

"  A  good  poet  and  a  good  critic." — Bosweil,  in  life  nf  Johnson. 

Erskine,  Charles.  The  Institutes  of  Jletlic-inal  Pa- 
tholo{;:y.  from  the  Latin  of  H.  D.  Gaubuis,  Ediu.,  1775,  Svo. 
The  Syphilitic  Physiciiin.  1808,  12ino. 

Erskine,  David,  Lord  Dun.  1070-1755,  an  eminent 
Scottish  lawyer,  became  lord  of  session  in  1711,  a  commis- 
sioner in  the  court  of  justiciary,  1713-50.  Lord  Dun's 
Advices,  1752,  12uin,  several  eds.     A  work  of  ^reat  merit. 

Erskine,  David  Stewart,     See  Biohan,  Earl  of. 

Erskine,  Ebenezer,  1680-1754,  a  grandson  of  Ralph 
Erskine,  noted  for  having  thirty-three  children,  was  born 
in  the  Prison  of  the  Bass,  where  his  father  and  mother 
were  confined  during  a  season  of  religious  persecution  in 
Scotland  against  the  Presbyterians.  Ebenezer  was  edu- 
cated at  the  Univ.  uf  Edinburgh;  minister  of  Purtmoak, 
Kinross,  1703;  of  Stirling,  1731.  In  April,  1732,  he  was 
chosen  moderator  of  the  synod  of  Perth  and  Stirling,  and 
in  his  opening  sermon  he  censured  some  late  proceedings 
of  the  General  Assembly  of  the  Church  of  Scotland  respect- 
ing patronage.  These  strictures  occasioned  a  controversy 
which  resulted  in  a  schism,  and  Mr.  Erskine's  party  became 
known  as  the  Seceders.  For  an  account  of  this  body  we 
must  refer  the  reader  to  Brown's  Account  of  the  iSecession, 
8th  ed.,  1802,  12mo;  to  Mnckerrow's  History  of  the  Se- 
cession Church,  new  cd..  Edin.,  1841.  Svo;  and  see  article 
Seceders  in  En.-yc.  Brit.,  7th  ed.  The  character  of  Ebe- 
nezer Erskine  was  most  exemplary,  and  his  sermons  greatly 
admired.  Discuursos  on  Ps.  ii.  6,  Edin.,  1739,  12mo. 
Serms.,  1755,  Svo,  Discourses,  1757,  3  vols.  12nio.  Serms.. 
Glasg.,  1762,  4  vols.  Svo;  vol.  5th,  Edin.,  17*15.  Whole 
Works,  1798,  3  vols.  Svu ;  Lon.,  1799,  3  vols.  Svo;  Edin., 
1810,  3  vols.  8vo.  By  the  Rev.  D.  Eraser,  with  a  Memoir, 
Lon.,  1826,  2  vols.  Svo.  The  Life  and  Diary  were  pub. 
separately  in  1831,  12mo.  Serms.,  abridged  by  Fenton, 
1826,2  vols,  in  1,  12mo.  31  Serms.,  abridged  bv  Fisher, 
1827,  2  vols,  in  1,  12mo.  18  Serms.,  abridged,  1829,  12mo. 
Beauties  of  E.  Erskine,  Ac.,  by  the  Rev.  S.  McMillan,  Svo. 
Serms.  of  Ralph  and  Ebenezer  Erskine,  selected,  with  a 
Preface,  by  the  Rev.  Thomas  Bradbury,  1738,  3  vols.; 
1757,  3  vols.  Svo.  Select  Writings  of  Ebenezer  Erskine, 
edited  by  the  Rev.  D.  Smith,  Edin.,  1S4S,  Svo. 

"Were  I  to  read  in  ordt-r  to  refine  my  tnste  or  improve  my  style, 
I  would  prefer  Bp.  Atterbury's  8ermons.  Dr.  Bate's  Works,  or  Mr. 
Seed's  Discourses:  but  were  I  to  read  with  a  single  view  to  the  edi- 
fifiition  of  my  heart  in  true  fiiith,  solid  comfort,  and  evanfrelie.tl 
hi)Hness,  I  would  have  recourse  to  Mr.  Erskine,  and  take  his 
volumes  for  my  guide,  my  companion,  and  my  own  familiar 
friend." — Berver/'s  Theron  and  Aspasia. 

'*  The  works  of  Ralph  and  Ebenezer  Erskine  are  highly  evangeli- 
cal; the  productions  of  minds  very  strongly  attached  to  truth, 
devotional  and  zealous." — Williams's  C  P. 

"The  two  Erskines  Cecil  calls  the  best  Scotch  divines,  but 
speaks  of  them  as  dry  and  laboured.  He  did  not  at  tho  moment 
recollect  Leit:;hton,  Itutherford,  Maclaurin.  &c.*'— iJjcAcrs/^Wi's  C.  S. 

Erskine,  Hon.  Mrs,  Esme  Stewart.  Isabel;  a 
Tale,  in  two  Cantos ;  and  other  Poems,  Lon.,  1S14,  cr.  Svo. 

Erskine,  George.     Serm.,  1710,  4to;  do.,  1710,  4tu. 

Erskine,  H.  T,  The  New  Statute  for  the  Relief  of 
InsolventDebtors,  5  A6Vict.,e.  116,  &c.,  Lon.,  1842, 12mo. 

Erskine,  Henry,  1624-1696,  a  Scotch  divine,  father 
of  Ebenezer  Erskine,  left  some  Latin  MSS.  elucidating 
difficult  passages  of  the  Holy  Scriptures.  They  have  never 
been  pub. 

Erskine,  Hon.  Henry,  1746-1S17,  Lord  Advocate 
of  Scotland,  I)rothcr  of  Lord  High  Chancellor  Erskine, 
was  the  son  of  Henry  David,  10th  Earl  of  Buchan.  Ex- 
pediency of  Reform  in  the  Court  of  Session  in  Scotland, 
Lon.,  1807,  Svo.  See  Lon.  Monthly  Review,  liii.  442. 
See  a  biography  of  Mr.  Erskine  in  Chambers's  Lives  of 
IHus.  and  Dist.  Scotsmen,  ii.  237. 

Erskine,  John,  Baron  of  Dun,  150S?-159].  an  emi- 
nent Scotch  Reformer,  assisted  in  1577  in  the  cinnpilation 
of  the  Second  Book  of  Discipline,  or  model  fur  the  govern- 
ment of  a  Presbyterian  Church.  See  Scot's  Lives  of  the 
Reformers:  McCrie's  Life  of  Knox;  Cook'3  Hist,  of  the 
Reformation  in  Scotland. 

Erskine,  John,  1695-1768,  Prof,  of  Scottish  Law  in 
the  Univ.  of  Edinburgh.  The  Principles  of  the  Law  of 
Scotland,  Edin.,  1754,  '57,  '64,  Svo.  With  Notes  and 
Correc.  by  Gillon,  1809,  8vo.  New  ed.  by  J.  S.  Moore, 
Edin.,  1S27,  Svo.  Institutes  of  the  Laws  of  Scotland, 
1773,  foL;  2ded..enlarged,  1773,  fob:  3d  ed..  1785,  fob;  4th 
ed.,  1S04,  fob  With  Notes  by  Gillon,  1805,  fob  With 
Notes  by  James  Ivory,  1S24-2S,  2  vols,  fob  New  ed.  by 
A.  MacAllan,  1838,  2  Vols.  r.  Svo.  and  r.  4to. 

"  A  standard  work,  characterized   by  conciseness  and  perspi- 
cuity."—Warren's  Law  Studies.  888. 
36 


Both  of  the  above  works  are  on  the  plan  of  Sir  George 
Mackenzie's  Institutions  of  the  Law  of  Scotland. 

Erskine,  John,  D.D..  1721-1803,  educated  at  the 
Univ.  of  Ei.linburgh ;  minister  of  Kirkintilloch,  1744;  of 
Culross,  1754;  of  New  Grey-Friars'  Church,  Edinburgh, 
1758;  colleague  with  Dr.  Robertson  in  the  Old  Grey-Friars' 
Church,  1759.  Dr.  Erskine  pub.  a  number  of  serms.  and 
theolog.  dissertations,  1750-1802.  A  collection  of  his  Dis- 
courses was  pub.  at  Edin.,  1818,  2  vols.  Svo. 

'*  Very  scripturab  and  full  of  excellent  matter.'' — WiUiams's  C.P. 

Theological  Dissertations,  1765,  12mo.  Sketches  and 
Hints  of  Church  History  and  Theolog.Controversy,17yU-97, 
2  vols.  ]2mo;  2d  ed.,  1818,  2  vols.  12mo. 

"Whether  the  reader  shall  aijree  or  disa^rree  with  Dr.  Erskine 
in  all  the  views  of  Scripture  truth  which  the  Theological  Disserta- 
tions contain,  it  is  impossible  but  he  must  admire  the  shrewd 
sense  which  they  display,  and  their  tamiliar  and  extensive  ac- 
quaintance with  the  Ilible.  .  .  .  Tho  Sketches  of  Church  History 
discover  the  author's  extensive  acquaintance  with  the  modern 
Dutch  and  German  writers,  and  furnish  many  curious  extracts 
ft-om  books  that  are  little  known  in  this  country." — Ornie's  Bibl. 
Bib. 

"  Much  scarce  information.  .  .  .  An  account  of  Foreign  Works, 
and  translations  of  extracts  from  them,  on  the  plan  of  Erskine's 
Sketches  of  Church  History,  would  be  interesting  and  useful."' — 
BicUrsleth's  C.  S. 

See  An  Account  of  the  Life  and  Writings  of  John  Ers- 
kine, D.D..  by  Sir  Henry  Muncreiff  Wellwood,  Bart.,  M.D., 
Edin.,  1818,  Svo.  A  list  of  his  works  and  publications, 
edited  by  him,  will  be  found  in  Chambers's  Lives  of  Hlus. 
and  Dist.  Scotsmen,  ii.  262-4. 

Erskine,  John  Francis.  General  View  of  the  Agri- 
culture of  the  County  of  Clackmannan,  Ac,  Edin.,  1794,  4to. 

"This  work  had  much  repute,  beinj;  the  offspring  of  an  educated 
mind,  and  very  large  information  and  experience." — Donaldson'' s 
AgricuJt.  B'oq. 

Erskine,  Ralph,  1685-1752,  brother  of  Ebenezer 
Erskine,  was  a  native  of  Monilaws,  Northumberland  ;  edu- 
cated at  the  Univ.  of  Edinburgh  ;  minister  at  Dunfermline, 
1711;  joined  the  Seceders,  1734.  He  pub.  a  number  of 
Serms.,  Theolog.  Treatises,  Scripture  Songs,  Gospel  Songs, 
Ac,  1738-52,  and  several  of  his  works  were  pub.  after  his 
death.  We  have  already  referred  to  Bradbury's  ed.  of  the 
Serms.  of  Ralph  and  Ebenezer  Erskine.  Works,  Glasg.j 
1764-6fi,  2  vols,  fob;  1777,  10  vols.  Svo;  Lon.,  1821, 10  vols. 
Svo.  Gospel  Sonnets,  new  ed.,  1844,  24mo.  For  opinions 
upon  his  Works  see  Erskinf,,  Ebenkzkr. 

An  enthusiastic  admirer  thus  celebrates  the  merits  of 
our  excellent  author: 

"  Krskine!  whose  pen  spread  far  abroad 

Redeeming;  love,  the  sole  device  of  God. 

Subst.intial  themes  his  thou-ihts  did  much  pursue; 

Kept  pure  the  truth,  espoused  but  by  a  few. 

Integrity  of  heart,  of  soul  serene; 

No  friend  to  vice,  no  cloke  to  the  profane; 

Employ'd  his  talents  to  reclaim  the  vain." 

See  Life  prefixed  to  his  Works. 

Erskine,  Robert.  Tract  rel.  to  J.  Crookshanks,  Lon., 
1759,  ^\'^>.     Rivers  and  Tides,  1770,  '81.  8vo. 

Erskine,  Thomas,  Lord  Baron  Erskine,  of  Restor- 
mel  Castle,  co.  Cornwall,  1750-182.'J,  was  the  third  son  of 
Henry,  David  Erskine,  10th  Earl  of  Buchan  in  Scotland. 
He  was  educated  at  the  High  School  of  Edinburgh,  and 
the  University  of  St.  Andrew's.and  subsequently,  in  1777, 
entered  as  a  Fellow  of  Trin.  Coll.,  Camb.  At  the  age  of 
14  he  entered  the  Royal  Navy,  where  he  served  for  four 
years;  and  in  17(j8  became  attached  to  tho  army,  as  an 
ensign  in  the  Royals,  or  First  Regiment  of  Foot.  He  re- 
mained in  tho  army  for  eight  years.  Determined  to  adopt 
the  profession  of  the  law,  in  1777  he  inserted  his  name  as 
a  student  in  the  book  of  Lincoln's  Inn,  and  in  1778 — sav- 
ing two  years  of  probation  in  consequence  of  his  academical 
degree,  to  which  he  was  entitled  from  his  University  as  the 
son  of  a  nobleman — he  was  called  to  the  bar.  His  defence 
of  Captain  Baillie  at  once  established  his  fame,  and  hence- 
forth he  reaped  laurels  in  profusion.  In  1806  he  was  made 
Lord  High  Chancellor,  and  in  1815  received  the  Order  of 
the  Thistle.  His  professional  life  does  not  properly  come 
under  our  consideration  in  this  volume.  The  reader  is  re- 
ferred to  Boswell's  Johnson;  Chambers's  Lives  of  lUus. 
and  Dist.  Scotsmen;  Stanton's  Reforms  and  Reformers  of 
Great  Britain;  The  Georgian  Era;  Encyc.  Brit. ;  Edin. 
Rev.,  vols.  xvi.  and  xix. ;  Gent.  Mag.,  xciii.  553 ;  Good- 

,  rich's  Select  Brit.  Eloquence.  His  lordship  amused  his 
intervals  of  leisure  by  the  composition  of  Armata,  a  Frag- 
ment; a  political  romnnce,  Lon.,  1817,  2  vols.  Svo;  pub. 
anon. ;  and  wrote  some  pamphlets  in  favour  of  the  Greeks. 
His  burlesque  parody  of  Gray's  Bard  is  well  known.  His 
View  of  the  Causes  and  Consequences  of  the  Present  War 

I  with  France,  pub.  in  1797,  was  so  popular  that  48  edits. 

I  were  called  for  in  a  few  months.     A  letter  in  answer  to  it, 

661 


ERS 


ETH 


by  John  Gifford,  also  had  a  very  large  sale,  and  was  fre- 
quently republished. 

"  Seeing  also,  as  every  reader  must  here  see,  facts  opposed  to  de- 
clamation, and  proofs  to  bare  assertion,  we  cannot  conceive  our- 
selves bi.issed  by  any  kind  of  prejudice,  when  we  pronounce  th.%t 
this  publication  contains  a  complete  and  solid  answer  to  Mr.  Ei^ 
skine." — British  Critic,  Aprils  1797. 

A  list  of  his  separate  publications — speeches,  &,q. — will 
bo  found  in  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit.  There  have  been  several 
collective  edits,  of  his  speeches.  Speeches,  1S46,  r.  8vo. 
Speeches,  with  Memoir  by  Lord  Brougham,  1845,  '47,  4 
vols.  8vo. 

"  We  take  the  opinion  of  the  country  and  of  every  part  of  the 
world  where  the  languajre  is  understond,  to  be  that  ot  the  most 
unbounded  admiration  of  these  exquisite  specimens  of  .Tudicial 
Oratory,  and  of  a  great  obligation  to  the  Editor  of  the  collection." 
— Edin.  Jfeview.  vol.  .\ix. 

"  At  the  bar  Erskine  shone  with  peculiar  lustre.  There  the  re- 
sources lit  his  mind  were  made  apparent  by  instantaneous  bui-sts 
of  eloquence,  combining  logic,  rhetorical  skill,  and  legal  precision, 
while  he  ti  iumpbed  over  the  passions  and  prejudices  of  his  hearers 
and  moulded  them  to  his  will." 

"As  an  advocate  in  the  forum  I  hold  him  to  be  without  an  equal 
in  ancient  or  modern  times." — Lord  Campbell. 

Erskine,  Thomas,  of  Linletbau,  a  member  of  the 
Scottish  Bar.  1.  Remarks  on  the  Internal  Evidence  for 
the  Truth  of  Revealed  Religion,  .3d  ed.,  E.lin.,  1S21,  12mo. 

"  The  argument  from  the  internal  evidence  of  reliirion,  in  sup- 
port of  its  truth  and  suitableness,  is  very  powerfully  supported, 
though  the  author  uses  the  phrase  natural  rdii/vni  rather  .ambigu- 
ously."— Orinn's  Bibl.  Bib. 

2.  An  Essay  on  Faith,  3d  ed.,  1S23, 12mo.  An  ed.,  1S29, 
2  vols.  12mo. 

"Written  in  an  easier  style  of  argument,  and  contains  more  of 
scriptni-al  statement  and  explanation.  Both  works  are  much  fitted 
to  lie  useful." — Utii  supra. 

The  British  Critic  highly  praises  both  of  these  produc- 
tions. 3.  The  Unconditional  Freeness  of  the  Gospel:  in 
three  Essays,  2d  ed.,  1828,  12mo.  This  work  e.\cited  an 
animated  controversy.  See  an  account  of  "  The  Gairloch 
or  Row  Heresy"  in  the  Eclectic  Review  for  July,  1S30. 
4.  The  Biazen  Serpent;  or  Life  coming  through  Death,  2d 
ed.,  1831,  12mo.  5.  The  Doctrine  of  Election  illustrated, 
Lon.,  1837,  12mo.  This  useful  layman  was  profoundly 
versed  in  (Jreek  and  Biblical  literature.  See  Orme's  Bibl. 
Bib.,  174-75. 

Erswicke,  .Tohn.  Benefits  of  the  observation  of  Fish 
Days,  Lon.,  1642.  4to. 

Escheruy,  D.  D.  The  Distemper,  Lon.,  1756,  Svo. 
Probably  the  same  as  David  Deschekny,  M.D.,  (/.  v. 

Esdailc,  James,  M.D.  1.  Chi-istian  Theology,  Lon., 
8vo.  2.  Mesmerism  in  India;  and  it«  Practical  Applica- 
tion in  Surgery  and  Medicine,  fp.  Svo. 

"From  eight  months'  mesmei-ic  treatment  in  a  country  charity- 
hospital  in  13engal,  Dr.  Esdaile  attests  itsetticacy  in  rendering  sur- 
gical operations  painless,  and  aiding  medical  applications  in  every 
form." — Lon.  Litrrary  Gazette. 

3.  Letters  from  the  Red  Sea,  Egypt,  and  the  Continent, 
Calcutta,  1839,  Svo.  4.  Natural  and  Mesmeric  Clairvoy- 
ance, 1852,  12mo. 

Esliiig,  Catherine  H.  \V.,  formerly  Miss  Water- 
man, was  born  in  Philadelphia  in  1812.  In  1840  she  was 
married  to  Mr.  Esling  of  Philadelphia.  As  a  contributor 
to  the  periodicals  of  the  day  Jliss  Waterman  obtained  great 
and  deserved  celebrity.  In  1850  Mrs.  Esling  pub.  The 
Broken  Bracelet  and  other  Poems,  Phil.q.,  12mo. 

"  Her  poems  are  the  expressions  of  a  true  woman's  soul :  she 
excels  in  portraying  feeling,  and  in  expressing  the  warm  and  ten- 
der emotions  of  one  to  whom  home  has  ever  been  the  lodestar  of 
the  soul.  In  pathos  and  delicacy  she  has  few  equals."— j«cs.  Hales 
Woman's  Itprnrd. 

Espague,  John  d',  a  French  Protestant  divine,  mi- 
nisterofthe  French  Church  in  London  (emja.  James.I.  and 
Charles  I.,  pub.  several  theolog.  treatises,  1640-57,  the  best 
known  of  which  is  Popular  Errors  in  the  knowledge  of 
Religion,  Lon.,  1648,  Svo. 

Espinasse,  Isaac,  of  Gray's  Inn.  1.  Lawof  Actions 
and  Trials  at  Nisi  Priu.s,  Lon.,  1789,  2  vols.  Svo;  4th  ed 
1812,  2  vols.  Svo;  Phila..l791;  N.  York,  1811,  2  vols.  Svo; 
1822,  2  vols.  Svo.  2.  Reports  of  Cases  .at  Nisi  Prius,  Lon., 
1793-1811,  6  vols.  r.  Svo;  Hartford,  with  Notes  by  Thomas 
Day,  1808,  6  vols.  Svo;  1825.  3.  Law  of  Actions  on  Penal 
Statutes,  Lon.,  1813,  r.  Svo;  1818, '24;  N.  York,  1822,  Svo. 
4.  Laws  of  Actions  on  Statutes,  remedial,  penal,  Ji:c.,  Lon., 

1824,  r.  Svo.     5.  Evidence  for  Trials  at  Nisi  Prius,  2d  ed., 

1825,  Svo;  Phiba.,  1822,  Svo.  6.  Peel's  Acts,  Ac,  Lon., 
1827,  Svo.     7.  Cases  of  the  County  of  Dublin,  1827,  Svo. 

Espinasse,  James.  Law  of  Bankrupts  as  altered 
by  6  Geo.  IV.  c.  16.  Lon.,  1825,  r.  Svo. 

Espy,  James  P.,  b.  1785.  in  Washington  eo.,  Penna. 
The  Philosophy  ..f  Storms.  Boston.  1S41,  Svo.  Mr.  Espy 
investigates  the  theories  of  Col.  Reid,  Dr.  Piddington,  Ac. 

"As  a  connected  chain  of  cause  and  effect  in  the  production  of 
662 


storms  and  other  similar  meteors,  Mr.  Espy's  theory  is  the  most 
complete  that  has  hitherto  been  brought  forward,  and  it  may  be- 
come the  one  adopted  to  explain  a  vast  mass  of  meteoroio'gicjil 
phenomena." — Lon.  Literary  Gazcttr. 

"Mr.  Espy's  communication  contains  a  great  number  of  well- 
observed  and  well-described  facts.  His  theory,  in  the  present  stata 
of  science,  alone  accounts  for  the  phenomena;  and,  when  completed, 
as  Mr.  Espy  intends,  by  the  study  of  the  action  of  electricity  when 
it  intervenes,  will  leave  nothing  to  be  desired.  In  a  word,  for  phy- 
sical geography,  agriculture,  navigation,  and  meteorology,  it  gives 
us  new  explanations,  indications  useful  for  ulterior  researches, 
and  redresses  many  accredited  errors." — Conclusion  of  the  Beport 
of  the  AcaiUmy  of  Sciences  ^  Paris)  on  the  labours  of  J. 'P.  Espy,  con- 
cerning Tornadoes,  dc.  Chmmittce,  Messieurs  Arago,  Pouilkt,  Bi- 
binet  Heporter. 

]      Essex,  Arthur  Capel,  Earl  of.     See  Capel. 

Essex,  James,  1723-1784,  an  eminent  English  .archi- 
tect, a  native  of  Cambridge,  pub.  some  papers  in  the  ArchoeoL 
and  Bibl.  Top.  Brit.,  and  two  Letters,  Ctmb.,  1749,  Svo; 
Lon.,  1787,  4to.     See  Nichols's  Literary  Anecdotes. 

Essex,  John.  1.  Country  Dances,  Lon.,  1710,  Svo. 
2.  The  Young  Ladies'  Conduct,  1  722,  Svo. 

Essex,RobertDevereux,Earlof.  SeeDEVEREux. 
I      Essex,  Walter  Uevereux, Earl  of.  See  Df.vereux. 

Est,  Wm.  Serms.,  Lon.,  161],  '14,  Svo.  Lect.  on  St. 
James,  1616,  Svo.  Pirckheimer's  Laus  Podagrae  trans,  into 
English,  1617,  4to. 

Estcourt,  Richard,  166S-1713,  a  native  of  Tewkes- 
bury, acquired  considei'able  reputation  as  a  comic  aclor, 
and  is  frenuently  mentioned  in  the  Tatler  and  Spectator. 
1.  Fair  E,\ample;  a  Comedy,  1706,  4to.  2.  Prunella;  an 
Interlude,  4to. 

Este,  Rev.  Charles,  1753-1829,  abandoned  the  stage 
for   the   study  of  medicine,  and   the  latter  for  divinity. 

1.  Tracts  on  .Medical  Subjects,  Lon.,  1776,  Svo.  2.  My 
own  Life.  1787,  Svo.  3.  A  Journey  in  1793  through  Flan- 
ders, Brabant,  and  Germany,  to  Switzerland,  1795,  Svo. 
He  was  joint  editor  and  proprietor  of  the  periodical  called 
The  World. 

Este,  John.  Eookes  of  Madrigals,  Anthems,  Ac., 
1604.  '10,  'IS,  '24,  '38. 

Este,  M.  L.  1.  Royal  Institution,  Ac,  Lon.,  1810, 
Svo.  2.  Contagious  Dise.ases,  Baths,  Swimming,  Ac,  1812, 
Svo. 

Este,  Michael.     Madrigals,  Lon.,  1604,  Ac. 

Estey,  George.  Certaine  godly  and  learned  E.xpo- 
sitious  upon  divers  parts  of  Scripture,  Lon.,  1603,  4to. 

Estlin,  John  I'rior,  LL.D.,  a  Unitarian  preacher. 
Evidences  of  Revealed  Religion.  Serms.,  Discourses,  Ac, 
1791-1815. 

"  His  sermons  were  much  and  ju-stly  admired  for  the  classical 
purity  and  elegance  of  their  style;  he  treated  his  subjects  with 
perspicuity,  and  adorned  argument  with  all  the  attractions  of  genu- 
ine pathos."      Vide  Life. 

Eston,  John.  The  Falling  St.ars;  or  the  Dragon's 
bringing  down  and  trampliug  upon  Heavenly  Glory,  Lou., 
1663. 

Estrange,  E'.     See  L'Estrange. 

Estwick,  Nicholas.     Serms.,  Ac,  Lon.,  1633-56. 

Estwick,  Samuel,  LL.D.     1.  Serm.,  Lon.,  1696,  4to. 

2.  Negro  Cause,  1772,  Svo.  3.  Letter  to  Dean  Tucker  reh 
to  the  w,ar  with  America,  1776,  Svo. 

"  Mr.  Estwick  is  an  acute  reasuner  and  an  entertaining  writer; 
and  a  warm  and  zealous  advocate  for  the  Americans." — liich'sBibl. 
Amrr.  A'uva. 

Ethelred.     See  Ailred  of  Rievaiix. 

Ethelston,  Rev.  Charles  W.  Ode,  1803,  4to.  The 
Suicide;  with  other  Poems,  1804,  Svo.  Address  on  Schools, 
1812.  4to. 

Ethelward,  who  was  alive  in  1090,  is  known  by  a 
history  of  the  .\nglo-Saxons,  in  four  books,  ending  with 
the  reign  of  King  Edgar.  See  Rcrum  Anglicanum  Scrip- 
tores  post  Bedam  pra;cipui,  (edited  by  Savile,)  fob,  Francf., 
1601,  pp.  831-850.  Chronicorum  Ethehverdi  Libri  Qua- 
tuor.     Ethelward's  work  is  of  little  value: 

"The  whole  is  a  translation  of  a  very  false  and  imperfect  copy 
of  the  Saxon  Chronicle:  and  therefore  William  of  Malmesbuiy  has 
modestly,  out  of  defence  to  his  family,  [the  author  tells  us  that  he 
was  descended  from  Ethelred,  the  brother  of  King  Alfred.]  declined 
the  giving  a  character  of  this  writer's  performance.  If  he  hiid  done 
it  truly,  he  ought  to  have  told  us  that  his  stile  is  boisterous,  and 
that  several  parts  ofhis  history  are  not  so  much  as  hardlv  sense." 
—  Bp.  Nicols'm's  £>(<?.  Ui.'it  Lib.,  xl. 

Ethelwold,  supposed  to  have  been  born  about  925, 
d.  984,  a  native  of  Winchester,  was  called  by  his  contempo- 
raries the  Father  of  Monks.  In  963  he  was  consecrated 
Bishop  of  Winchester.  He  is  best  known  as  a  writer  by 
his  trans,  into  Anglo-Saxon  of  the  Rule  of  Monastic  Life, 
drawn  up  in  Latin  by  St.  Benedict.  Sec  Wright's  Biog. 
Brit.  Lit.,  and  authorities  there  cited. 

Ethelwolf,  b.  before  770,  was  an  inmate  of  a  small 
monastery  dependent  on  the  larger  one  of  Lindisfarne. 


ETH 


EUS 


He  wrote  a  metrical  history  of  the  abbots  and  other  emi-  I 
nent  persons   of  his  monastery  to   the  time  of  Egbert, 
Bishop  of  Lindisfarne,  802-S19. 

"Ttie  only  Enj^Iish  writer  of  the  beginning  of  the  ninth  century 
whom  we  can  trace  with  any  d^-trree  of  certainty,  is  an  Anglo- 
Latin  poet  named  Kthelwclf.  of  whom  we  have  no  further  informa- 
tion than  that  which  is  contained  in  the  only  one  of  his  poems  i 
now  extant.  .  .  .  This  poem  is  valualile  chieHy  as  a  document  of  j 
history:  but,  though  it  has  little  merit,  it  is  interesting  as  the  ' 
oulv  specimen  we  have  of  the  Anglo-Latin  poetry  of  that  period."  j 
—  in-iVy/^rs  Bing.  Brit.  Lit.,  q.  v. 

Etherege,  Sir  George,  born  about  16afi,  supposed  . 
to  have  died  about  16110,  is  said  to  have  studied  for  some 
time  at  the  University  of  Cambridge.  Whilst  yet  young 
he  travelled  on  the  continent,  and  on  his  return  devoted 
some  time  to  legal  pursuits.  But.  like  Tom  D'Urfey,  whom 
in  many  points  he  greatly  resembled,  he  soon  forsook  the 
Law  fur  the  Drama.  In  1064  he  produced  his  comedy  of 
The  Comical  Revenge:  or,  Love  in  a  Tub,  1664,  '68,"'69, 
*71,  '89,  '90,  '9.S,  4to.  Tliis  piece  was  successful,  and  intro- 
duced him  into  the  society  of  a  set  of  dissolute  idlers  who 
then  disgraced  English  society — the  Earl  of  Dorset,  the 
Duke  of  Buckingham,  Lord  Rochester.  Sir  Charles  Sedley, 
Ac.  He  next  brought  out  the  comedy  of  She  Would  if  ' 
She  Could.  1668,  '71,  '89,  '90.  '93,  4to.  This  was  succeeded  ; 
by  his  best-known  piece,  the  comedy  of  The  Man  of  Mode ; 
or.  Sir  Fopling  Flutter,  1676,  4to:  1715,  Svo. 

"It  is  perhaps  the  most  elegant  comedy,  and  contains  more  of 
the  real  manners  of  hi;,'h  life  than  any  one  the  English  stage  was 
ever  adorned  viWhr—Biog.  Dramat. 

"Sir  George  Etherege  was  as  thorough  a  fop  as  ever  I  saw;  he 
was  exactly  his  own  h^ir  Fopling  Flutter.  And  yet  he  designed 
Dorimant.  the  genteel  rake  of  wit,  for  his  own  picture."— L.  See 
Spence's  Anecdotes. 

In  1722,  Svo,  appeared  a  Defence  of  the  Comedy  of  Sir 
Fopling  Flutter.  He  pub.  a  short  prose  piece  entitled  An 
Account  of  the  Rejoycing  at  the  Diet  of  Ratisbonne.  per- 
formed by  Sir  George  Etherege,  Knight,  .fee..  Savoy.  1688. 
Works,  containing  his  Plays  and  Poems.  Lou.,  1704,  Svo. 
Sir  George  was  resident  minister  at  Ratisbon.  and  it  is  said 
that  after  a  gay  evening  party  given  by  him  in  that  city, 
he  fell  down  stairs  and  broke  his  neck  while  taking  leave 
of  his  guests.  Gibbon,  indeed,  asserts  that  he  returned  to 
England  after  the  Revolution,  and  died  there.  The  ac- 
counts also  differ  as  regards  the  manner  in  which  he  came 
to  be  knighted,-  but  these  are  matters  of  small  moment. 
He  seems  to  have  been  equally  devoid  of  principle  and 
careless  of  propriety,  without  any  just  sense  of  religion  or 
morality,  and  one  of  those  abandoned  writers  who.  by 
public  proclamation  of  their  licentiousness  and  indecency, 
may  be  truly  said  to  "glory  in  their  shame." 

Even  the  Biog,  Dramat. — by  no  means  a  rigid  critic — 
acknowledges  that 

_  "  Uis  works  have  not  escaped  censure,  on  account  of  that  licen- 
tiousness which  in  the  general  runs  through  them,  which  renders 
them  dangerous  to  young,  unguarded  minds;  and  the  more  so  for 
the  lively  and  genuine  wit  with  which  it  is  gilded  over,  and  which 
has  therefore  justly  banished  them  from  the  purity  of  the  present 
stage."— r&i.  /.,  rart  1,  223. 

Would  that  of  such  troubles  to  society  wo  had  seen  the 
last! 

Etherington,  Rev.  George.  General  Cautions  in 
the  Cure  of  Fevers,  Lon.,  176t»,  Svo.  This  is  a  compila- 
tion from  the  writings  of  Dr.  Huxham  and  other  eminent 
physicians. 

*'Such  a  compilation,  however  judicious,  can  avail  but  little  in 
supplying  the  want  of  a  regular  medical  education." — Lon.  Montldy 
Rev.,  xxiii.  2S1.  ITiJO. 

Etheriugtou,  George  F.,  M.D.  1.  Essays.  Medi- 
cal and  Scieutilie,  Lon.,  1841, 12mo.  2.  Vivisection  Vindi- 
cated, 1842,  Svo. 

"Dr.  Etherington.  hy  the  labour  he  has  bestowed,  the  keen 
observation,  and  calm,  criti-al  judgment,  has  evidently  proved 
himself  a  man  of  t^Uent."  &q.— Nottingham  Review. 

Etherington,  Thomas.     Fast  Serm..  1S08.  Svo. 

Ethryg,  or  Etheridge,  or.  in  Latin,  Edrycus,  ad- 
mitted of  Corpus  Christi  Coll.,  Oxf.,  lo.'U.  was  made  Pro- 
bationer Felh.w  in  15:i9,  and  Regius  Prof  of  Greek  in 
1553.  Acta  Henrici  Oetavis  Carmine  Gra'co.  Eneidos, 
Ac.,  1553.  Svo.  He  trans,  the  Psalms  into  Hebrew  verse, 
trans,  the  works  of  Justin  Martyr  into  Latin,  and  pub.  a 
vol.  of  Commentaries  on  Paulu?  iEginete,  1588,  8vo.  He 
was  a  zealous  Roman  CathuHe,  and  had  under  his  charge 
a  number  of  youth  of  his  own  persuasion. 

'*  Esteemed  a  nnt+-d  mathematician,  wt-Il  skilled  in  vocal  and 
instrumental  music,  an  eminent  Uebritian.  Grecian,  and  poet, 
and,  above  all,  an  excellent  physician.  .  .  .  John  Leland,  who 
was  his  familiar  friend,  did  celebrate  his  memory  by  verse  while 
he  lived,  and  told  him  thus: 

'  Scripsisti.  juvenis.  multa  cum  laude  libellos. 
Qui  regi  eximie  perplacuere  meo.'" — AVien.  Ozrm. 

Eton,  Wni.,  long  a  resident  in  Turkey  and  Russia. 


1.  A  Survey  of  the  Turkish  Empire,  Lon.,  1798,  '99,  1801, 
'09,  Svo. 

"A  work  remarkable  for  nothing  but  the  enthusiasm  with  which 
the  author  maintains  the  necessity  of  bringing  about  the  restora- 
tion of  the  Greeks."* — Lfuciides" !^  Bitil.  Man. 

2.  Materials  for  Hist,  of  People  of  Malta,  pub.  in  Nos., 
1802-07,  Svo.  3.  Commerce  and  Navigation  of  the  Black 
Sea,  1806,  Svo  ;  anon.  4.  Letter  on  the  PoUtical  Relations 
of  Russia,  1807,  Svo. 

EtOUgh,  Henry,  Rector  of  TherBeld,  Hertfordshire. 
Letter  to  the  Author  of  Christianity  not  founded  on  Argu- 
ment, Lon.,  1742,  Svo.,  pp.  43. 

Ettrick,  Henry.     Surg.  con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1740. 

Ettrick,  Rev.  W.  1.  The  Second  Exodus,  Lon., 
ISIO,  2  vols.  Svo;  lSll-12.  3  vols.  Svo;   1815,  3  vols.  Svo. 

2.  The  Season  and  Time,  1S16,  Svo.     These  works  relate 
to  Scriptural  prophecy. 

Euderbie.     See  Enderbie,  Percy. 

Euer,  or  Ever,  Sampson,  King's  Attorney  in  the 
Marches  of  Wales,  and  King's  Serjeant.  Doctrina  Placi- 
tandi,  ou  Part  et  science  de  Bon  Pleading,  Lon.,  1677,  4to; 
Dubl.,  1791,  Svo. 

"The  good  sense  and  sound  logick  of  modern  times  has  substi- 
tuted for  the  artitici;tl  pedantry  and  narrow  maxims  nfthe  dark  ages 
of  the  law.  rules  which  commend  themselves  to  all  men  by  their  in- 
trinsick  propriety  and  excellence  for  deciding  contested  rights.  The 
bestancient  treatise  on  the  subject  is  Mr.Kuer's  Doctrina  I'lacitandi, 
a  book  which  Lord  Chief  Justice  Willes  pronounced  in  bis  time 
to  contain  more  law  and  learning  than  any  other  book  he  knew, 
(2  Wils.  R.  SS;,)  yet  what  is  this,  when  compared  with  the  finished 
elementar}'  and  practical  treatises  of  Mr.  Lawes  or  Mr.  Chitty? 
It  were  indeed  desirable  that  modern  pleaders  should  endeavour 
to  imitate  more  generally  the  pointed  brevity  and  precision  of 
Rastall's  Kntries,  and  waste  fewer  words  in  their  drafts  of  decla^ 
rations,  which 

'  Like  a  wounded  snake  drag  their  slow  length  along.* 
"It  might  not  be  useless  for  them  to  consider,  that  the  great  aim 
ought  to  be.  not  how  much,  but  how  little,  may  be  inserted  with 
professional  safety-"" — Judge  Stoby.  in  a  rtvitw  <>/ Hoffman's  Legal 
Studg,  i\'.  Amer.  Rev..  fUo-78,  A'"r.  1S17. 

Let  every  member  of  the  legal  profession  carefully  peruse 
this  valuable  paper. 

A  system  of  Pleading,  including  a  Trans,  of  the  Doctrina 
Placitandi,  By  a  Gentleman  of  the  Middle  Temple,  1771, 4to. 

Eunson,  G.  The  Ancient  and  Present  State  of  Ork- 
ney, and  Poems.  Newc.  upon  Tyne,  1788,  12mo. 

Eusden,  Lawrence,  d.  1730,  a  son  of  the  Rev.  Dr. 
Eusden,  Rector  of  Spotsworth.  Yorkshire,  after  receiving 
his  education  at  Trin.  Cull.,  Camb.,  went  into  orders,  and 
was  for  some  time  chaplain  to  Richard,  Lord  M'illoughby 
de  Broke.  He  found  warm  friends  in  Lord  Halifax,  whose 
poem  Ou  the  Battle  of  the  Boyne  he  trans,  into  Latin,  and 
in  the  Duke  of  Newcastle,  whose  marriage  to  Lady  Godol- 
phin  he  celebrated  in  an  Epithalamium,  which  raised  the 
author  to  the  laureatesbip  in  1718.  He  pub.  a  number  of 
occasional  poems,  contrilmted  a  few  pieces  to  the  Spectator 
and  Guartlian,  and  left  in  MS.  a  trans,  of  the  works  of 
Tasso,  with  a  life  of  the  poet.  Some  specimens  of  his 
poetical  abilities  will  be  found  in  Nichols's  Poems.  Of 
course  he  did  not  wear  the  honours  of  the  laurel  without 
eliciting  the  enmity  of  his  brother  poets.  Pupe  put  him 
in  the  Duncind,  Oldmixon  attacked  him  in  his  Art  of  Logic 
and  Rhetoric,  and  Cooke  thus  refers  to  him  in  The  Battle 
of  the  Poets ; 

"  Kusden.  a  laurel'd  baid.  by  fortune  mis'd. 
By  few  been  read,  by  fewer  still  been  prais'd." 

We  are  sorry  to  learn,  from  a  letter  of  Gray's  to  Mason, 
that  Eusden  injured  his  mind  by  the  great  enemy  of  poets 
— the  "generous  bottle."  The  Duke  of  Buckingham,  in 
his  Session  of  the  Poets,  implies  that  the  fame  of  the  poet- 
laureate  was  rather  circumscribed: 

"In  rushed  Eusden,  and  cried.  -Who  shall  have  it 
But  T.  the  true  laureat.  to  whom  the  king  gave  it?' 
Apollo  beggd  pardon,  and  granted  his  claim. 
But  Tow'd  that  till  then  he  ne'er  had  heard  Lis  name." 

Eustace,  Evans.     Serms.,  1747,  4to. 

Eustace,  John  Chetwode,  a  R.  Catholic  divine, 
travelled  in  Italy  in  the  capacity  of  a  tutor.  He  died  of  a 
fever  at  Naples,  1815,  whilst  making  a  second  tour  through 
Italy.  1.  Elegy  to  Burke.  1797,  4to.  2.  Answer  to  the 
Charge  of  the  Bp.  of  Lincoln,  1818.  4to.  3.  Classical  Tour 
through  Italy,  Lon.,  1S13,  2  vols.  4to ;  4th  ed.,  ISlo,  4  vols. 
Svo;  6th  ed.,  with  addits.,  1821.  4  vols.  Svo. 

■'Mr.  Eustace's  work  is  very  full  and  minute  in  the  subject 
which  the  title  indicates.  It  is  written  in  good  taste,  but  in 
rather  a  prolix  style;  his  statements,  however,  are  not  always  to 
be  depended  upon,  especially  where  his  ptilitical  or  religious  opinions 
intervene." — .SYtTcii,wH's  Voyages  and  Travds. 

"One  of  the  most  inaccurate  and  unsatisfiictory  writers  that 
have  in  our  times  attained  a  temporary  reputation." — Sir  John 
Cam  IIobhovse, 

Yet  the  tour  of  Mr.  Eustace  is  well  worth  perusal,  and 
the  reader  should  then  take  up  A  Classical  Tour  through 

503 


EUS 


EVA 


Italy  and  Sicily — tending  to  illustrate  some  Districts  which 
have  not  been  described  bj  Mr.  Eustace  in  his  Classical 
Tour— by  Sir  Richard  Colt  Hoare,  Bart.,  1819,  2  vols.  4to. 
Au  ed.  in  3  vols.  Svo. 

''  It  has  been  a  topic  of  genei-al  regret  in  the  literary  world,  that 
Mr.  Kustace  did  not  live  to  furnish  the  Supplementary  Volume  to 
his  Classical  Tour,  so  as  to  form  a  complete  work  on  the  present 
and  past  state  of  Italy,  for  which  he  was  enjjaged  in  collecting 
materials  at  the  period  of  his  premature  decease.  But  what  Mr. 
Eustace  did  not  live  to  accomplish.  Sir  Richard  Colt  Iloare  has 
executed,  and  in  such  a  manner  as.  it  is  hoped,  will  be  at  once 
acceptiible  to  the  public,  and  gratifying  to  ttie  numerous  friends 
of  Mr.  Eustace,  as  a  tribute  of  respect  to  his  genius  and  of  affec- 
tion to  his  memory."' 

4.  Letters  from  Paris  to  George  Petre,  Esq. 

Eustace,  John  Skey,  d.  1S05,  aged  45,  a  military 
officer  during  the  Amerieiin  Revolution,  after  the  war  re- 
sided for  some  time  in  Georgia,  where  he  received  the 
appointment  of  Adjutant-General.  In  1794  he  visited 
France,  and,  entering  the  army,  became  Major-Genernl. 
In  1797  he  commanded  a  division  of  the  French  Army  in 
Flanders.  He  returned  to  America  in  1800.  and,  settling 
in  Orange  county,  N.  York,  devoted  his  attention  to  lite- 
rary pursuits  until  his  death  in  1805,  at  Newburgh.  Ac- 
count of  his  Exile  from  the  Kingdom  of  Great  Britain  by 
order  of  the  Duke  of  Portland,  Lon.,  1797,  Svo. 

Eustace,  Sir  Maurice.  1.  Letter  from  rel.  to  Irish 
Parliament,  Lon.,  1642,  4to.  2.  Letter  from  rel.  to  Ireland, 
1642.  4to. 

Evance,  Daniel.  Serm.,  Lon.,  1646 ;  do.,  1695,  4to. 
Ivsta  Honoraria;  or.  Funeral  Rites  in  honour  of  Robert, 
Earl  of  Essex,  1646,  4to,  in  verse. 

Evance,  Miss  S.     Poems,  1808,  Svo. 

Evander,  John.  A  Vuyage  round  the  World;  or,  A 
Pocket  Library,  Lon.,  Svo. 

Evanke,  George,  incumbent  of  Ayton  Magna,  York- 
shire, ejected  for  Nonconformity.  1662.     Serm.,  1663,  4to. 

Evans,  Abel,  of  St.  John's  Coll.,  Oxf.,  enjoyed  great 
reputation  as  an  epigrammatist.  Some  of  his  poems  will  be 
found  in  Nichols's  Select  Collection.  Sec  especially  the 
satire  on  Tindal,  entitled  The  Apparition,  and  Vertumnus, 
an  Epistle  to  Mr.  Jacob  Bobart,  1713.  Evans  is  mentioned 
in  the  Duuciad,  and  he  is  classed  among  the  Oxford  wits 
in  the  following  couplet: 
"Alma  Doveui  genuit  celebres  P.hedycina  poetas; 

But  Stubb.  Cobb.  Crabb.  Trapp,  Young,  Carey.  Tickell.  Evans." 

Evans,  Rev.  Alfred  Bowen.  Christianity  in  its 
Homely  Aspects,  1852.  12mo. 

Evans,  Arise,  or  Rice,  or,  according  to  Wood.  John, 
■was  a  Welsh  conjurer  and  astrologer,  of  whom  many  won- 
derful stories  have  been  related.  Watt  enumerates  nine 
pieces  of  his,  and  Wood  refers  to  some  almanacs,  &c.  See 
Bibl.  Brit..  Athen.  Oxon.,  and  Nichols's  Literary  Anecdotes. 
Bishop  Warburtun  treats  Evans  as  a  prophet,  and  in 
1751  (12mo)  pub.  An  Account  of  the  Prophecies  of  Arise 
Evans,  the  Welsh  Prophet,  in  the  last  century.  This 
publication  injured  the  bishop's  literary  reputation  con- 
siderably. 

Evans,  Arthur  B.  Serms.  on  the  Christian  Life  and 
Character,  Lon.,  1832,  Svo. 

'•  There  is  a  strength  and  vigour  in  his  delineations,  and  an  effi- 
caciousne.^s  in  his  arguments,  whic-h  will  bear  comparison  with 
the  most  splendid  specimens  of  our  old,  sterling,  matter-of-fact 
theologians." — Lon.  Vhris.  Sememb. 

Other  works. 

Evans,  C.     See  Evans,  Oliveii. 

Evans,  Caleb,  D.D.,  1737-1791,  a  Baptist  minister, 
a  native  of  Bristol,  England,  pub.  several  serms.,  »fec.,  and 
some  pieces  on  the  war  between  Great  Britain  and  the 
American  Colonies.  See  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit.,  and  Rich's 
Bibl.  Amer.  Nova. 

A  Letter  to  the  Rev.  John  Wesley,  occasioned  by  his 
Calm  Address  to  the  American  Colonies;  new  ed.,  Lon., 
1775,  12mo;  1st  ed.  pub.  under  the  signature  of  Ameriea- 
nus.  A  sup.  to  1st  ed.,  by  another  party,  was  pub.  in  1775. 
A  Reply  to  the  Rev.  Mr.  Fletcher's  Vindication  of  Rev. 
Mr.  Wesley's  Calm  Address,  Bristol,  1776,  12mo. 

"Mr.  Evans  is  a  livt-ly  and  sensibi,-  advnrati*  for  the  freedom 
of  the  colonies,  a  spirited  controvertiNl.  and  :i  z.  al-ms  assptt.-r  of 
those  liberal  and  noble  principles  to  wliiih  «.>  wim.-  iri<icM.d  f-r  the 
glorious  revolution,"  &c.     See  Kich'sliiti],  Amer.  Nova.  177ij.  No. 79, 

Evans,  Charles.  Trial  of  Judge  Chase,  Bait.,  1805, 
Svo. 

Evans,  Christmas.  Serms.;  a  new  trans,  from  the 
Welsh;  and  Memoir  of.  by  Kcv.  Joseph  Cross,  Phila.,  1854. 
Svo.  Memoirs  of,  by  I>.  Phillips,  N.  York.  Memoirs  of, 
by  D.  R.  Stephen.  Lon.,  12mo. 

Evans,  I).  I^,,  t^t.-Col,,  is  the  signature  appended  to 
Facts  relating  to  the  Capture  of  Washington,  &c.,  Lou., 
1829,  Svo.  B       ,        y  , 

5&i 


Evans,  David,     Serm.,  1808,  Svo. 

Evans,  Mrs.  E.  H.  Poems,  with  a  Preface  by  her 
brother,  the  Rev.  Thomas  IL  Stockton,  Pliila.,  1851,  l"2mo. 

Evans,  Edmund  C,  M.D.  Trans,  from  the  French, 
General  Notions  of  Chemistry,  by  J.  Pelouze  and  E.  Fremy, 
Phila.,  1854.  12mo. 

Evans,  Edward.     Sub.  of  4  Serms.,  Oxon.,  161.5, 4to. 

Evans,  Evan,  1730-1790.  a  Welsh  divine  and  poet, 
was  educated  at  Jesus  Coll.,  Oxf.  Dissortalin  de  Bardis; 
or,  Some  Specimens  of  the  Poetry  of  the  Ancient  Welsh 
Bards,  trans,  into  English,  with  Notes,  &c.  The  Love  of 
Our  Country;  a  Poem,  with  Hist.  Notes,  1772,  4to.  Some 
of  his  pieces  are  in  the  Diddaniock  Tenluaidd.  He  trans, 
two  vols,  of  Serms.,  by  Tillotson  and  others,  into  Welsh. 

Evans,  Rev.  G.  >V.  D.  1.  Classic  and  Connoisseur 
in  Italy  and  Sicily,  with  an  abridged  trans,  of  Lanzi's 
Storia  Pittorica,  Lon.,  1835,  3  vols.  Svo.  This  work  should 
be  added  to  the  classical  tours  of  Eustace  and  Hoare,  {ri'fe 
ante.)  2.  Lanzi's  Luminaries  of  Painting,  trans,  and 
abridg.  from  the  Italian,  1848,  p.  Svo. 

Evans,  Hu^h.     Serms.,  1773,  '81. 

Evans,  Hugh  Davy,  LL.D.,  b.  1792,  in  Baltimore. 
1.  Essay  on  Pleading,  Bait.,  1827,  Svo.  2.  Maryland 
Common-Law  Practice.  1839,  Svo.  3.  Essays  to  Prove 
the  Validity  of  Anglican  Ordinations,  1844.  12mo.  4. 
Second  Series,  1851,  2  vols.  5.  Essay  on  the  Episcopate 
of  the  Prot.  Epis.  Church  of  the  U.S.  of  America,  Phila., 
1855,  12mo.     Ed.  of  and  contrib,  to  several  Epis.  journals. 

Evans,  Israel,  d.  1817,  aged  59,  minister  of  Concord, 
N.  Hampshire,  was  a  native  of  Pennsylvania,  where  his 
father  and  grandfather  were  divines.  He  graduated  at 
Princeton  College,  1772,  was  ordained,  177G,  and  served 
in  the  Revolutionary  War  as  chaplain  ;  minister  at  Con- 
cord, 1789-97.  He  pub.  three  sermons  and  an  oration, 
1780,  "83.  '91,  &Q. 

Evans,  J.  Conjugation  of  French  Verbs,  Lon.,  1795, 
Svo. 

Evans,  James  Harrington,  17S5-1S49,  Baptist 
minister  of  John  Street  Chapel,  London.  1.  Dialogues 
on  the  Trinity,  Lon.,  1819,  Svo.  Subsequently  disapproved 
of  and  suppressed  by  the  author.  2.  Letters  to  a  Friend, 
12mo.  3,  Serms.  on  the  Spirit  of  Holiness,  4th  ed.,  18159, 
12  mo. 

"  Every  page  is  calculated  to  awaken  prayer  and  holy  meditation. 
We  cordially  recommend  it." — Lon.  Christian  Lafb/s  SSay. 

4.  Letters,  32mo.  5.  Serm.,  1837.  6.  Psalms  and  Hymns, 
18mo.  7.  Checks  to  Infidelity,  1840,  18mo.  See  notices 
in  Lon.  New  Method.  Mag.,  and  the  Evangel.  Mag.  8. 
Vintage  Gleanings,  1849,  r.  32mo,-  2ded..  1850.  Memoirs 
and  Remains  of.  by  his  son,  the  Rev.  J.  J.  Evans,  1852,  Svo. 

Evans,  John.     Almanacke  for  1631,  Lon.,  12mo. 

Evans,  John.  The  Universnll  Medicine;  or,  Vertuea 
of  the  Antimoniall  Cup,  Lon.,  1634,  12mo. 

Evans,  John,  Rector  of  St.  Ethelborough,  London. 
Senn.  on  Phil.  iv.  5.  1682,  4to. 

Evans,  John,  D.D.,  1680-1730,  a  disseniing  divine» 
a  native  of  Wrexham, Denbighshire,  became  assistant,  and 
subsequently  successor,  to  Daniel  Williams,  in  London. 
Ho  pub.  occasional  serms.,  letters,  kc,  1704-27,  but  is  best 
known  by  Discourses  concerning  the  Christian  Temper: 
3S  Serms..  4th  ed.,  1729,  2  vols.  Svo;  1738,  '52,  '55,  "70, 
1802,  '12.  with  Life,  by  Dr.  John  Erskine,  1825,  Svo.  Few 
works  have  been  so  highly  commended. 

''That  most  excellent  Treatise  called  Christian  Temper,  which 
my  worthy  friend  Dr.  Kvans  bath  sent  almiad.  and  which  is,  per- 
haps, the  most  complete  summary  of  those  duties  which  make  up 
the  Christian  life,  that  hath  been  published  in  our  age." — Dr. 
Wtittii's  Sfrmons. 

'*  Evans's  style  is  grave,  plain,  manly,  and  nervous.  Ilis  Chris- 
tian Temper  is  one  of  the  best  practical  pieces  in  our  language.'' — 
Dr.  Doddridije. 

'•  A  course  of  excellent  sermons  on  that  subject." — Dr.  E.  Wil- 
liaTns's  C.  P. 

"  His  sermons  fully  discuss  various  points  of  Christian  temper; 
not  enough  of  the  Saviour  iu  them." — Biclerstclh's  C.  .V. 

Evans,  John.  The  Case  of  Kneeling  at  the  Holy 
Sacrament  stated  and  resolved,  Pt.  1,  Lou.,  1(>S3,  4to;  Pts. 
1  and  2.  1684,  '85,  4to.  Serm.,  1695,  Svo,  on  the  Death  of 
Queen  Mary. 

Evans,  John,  of  Elwell.     Serm.,  1718,  Svo. 

Evans,  John.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1751. 

Evans,  John.  Cyssondel  y  Pedair  Etfengyl;  gyd  ag 
agoriad  hyrra  Nodau  Athrawas;  or,  A  Harmony  of  the 
Four  Gospels;  in  Welsh.  With  an  Expos.,  Annot.,  and 
Introduc,  Lon.,  1764,  Svo. 

Evans,  John,  M.D.  The  Bees,  a  Poem,  Lon.,  1806- 
13,  4to.      Con.  to  Med.  Com.,  177S-S5. 

Evans,  John.  1.  Tour  through  part  of  North  Wales 
in  1798   and  at  other  Times,  Lon.,  1800,  Svo.     2.  Letters 


EVA 


EVA 


written  during  a  Tour  through  South  Wales  in  1803   and 
at  other  Times,  1S04,  Svo. 

'•These  works  are  valuable  for  botanical  ioformation  as  well  as 
for  desciiptions  of  scenery,  manners,  agriculture,  manufactures, 
antiquities,  &c.,  and  for  mineralogy." — Stevenso7is  Voyages  and 
Travels. 

3.  A  Discourse,  1804,  Svo.  4,  The  Ponderer;  a  series  of 
Essays,  1812.  12mo.  5.  Remains  of  Mr.  Reed,  with  Life, 
&c-.,  1816,  Svo. 

Evans,  John,  LL.D.,  1767-1827,  a  Baptist  minister. 
a  native  of  Usk,  Monmouthshire,  was  from  1792  to  1827 
pastor  of  a  congregation  of  General  Baprists,  Worship  St., 
London.  He  pub.  many  serms..  theolog.  and  other  works, 
for  a  list  of  which,  see  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit.,  and  Gont.  Mag., 
xevii..  Pt.  1,  369.  In  17it7  he  pub.  An  Attempt  to  account 
for  the  Infidelity  of  the  late  Mr.  Gibbon;  founded  on  his 
own  Jlemoirs,  Svo.  His  best-known  work  is  A  Brief  Sketch 
of  the  different  Denominations  into  which  tlie  Christian 
Wurld  is  divided,  1794,  12mo.  From  this  date  to  the  death 
of  the  author  fourteen  eds.,  comprising  IIIO.UOO  copies,  were 
sold.  The  15th  cd.  was  revised  by  the  author  immediately 
before  his  death,  and  pub.  in  the  same  year,  18mo.  The  ' 
18th  ed.  was  pub.  in  1841,  fp.  Svo.  It  has  been  trans,  into 
Welsh,  and  various  continental  languages,  and  several  eds. 
have  been  pub.  in  the  United  States  of  America.  Unfor- 
tunately the  author  sold  the  copyright  fur  only  ten  pounds ! 

■■  lint  his  frii-nds  have  administered  to  bim  a  negative  cnnsola- 
tion,  by  remindin'^  him  that  a  similar  sum  was  paid  fur  the  copy- 
right of  Watts's  Hymns,  as  well  as  of  that  gigantic  product  of  hu- 
man genius,  Paradise  Lost." — Author's  dedication  of  the  1-ith  ed.  to 
Lord  ErslHne. 

A  correction  is  required  here,  which  we  leave  to  the  reader 
to  supply. 

In  1825,  Svo,  was  pub.  a  collection  of  Dr.  Evans's  Ser- 
mons, Funeral  Orations,  and  Tracts. 

'•  We  rejoice  to  see  the  diffusion  of  works  breathing  such  a  catho- 
lic ppiiit  towards  the  seventl  dennminatious  of  Christians,  and  such 
a  Iienevolent  tenipei  towards  all  the  human  race." — L"n.  M'-n.  Ri:p. 

Evans,  Katherine.  Sufferings  of  K.  E.  and  Sarah 
Chevers  in  the  luiiuisition  at  Malta.  1(j62.  4to.  History 
of  the  Voyage  of  K.  E.  and  S.  C.  to  Maltn.  with  their  Suf- 
ferings in  the  Inquisition  there  for  near  lour  Years,  1715. 

Evans,  Lewis.     Theolog.  treatises,  1565-1621. 

Evaus,  Lewis,  d.  1756,  a  surveyor  in  Pennsylvania. 
Map  of  the  MidiUe  Colonies,  &c.,  1749;  2d  ed.,  1755. 
Geograph.,  Hist.,  PoUt.,  Philos.,  and  Mechanical  Essays, 
2d  ed.,  Phila.,  1755,  4to;  do..  No.  IL,  Lon.,  1756.  4to.  A 
new  ed.  of  Evans's  Map  was  pub.  in  1776  by  Mr.  Pownall. 

Evans,  ^'athaniel,  1742-1767,  a  minister  in  New 
Jersey,  was  a  native  of  Philadelphia.  Poems  on  several 
occasions,  a  serm.,  &c.,  1772.  Account  of  T.  Godfrey; 
prefixed  to  Godfrey's  Poems. 

Evans,  Oliver,  175o-I819.  a  native  of  Pennsylvania, 
was  a  descendant  of  Evan  Evans,  D.D..  the  first  Episcopal 
minister  of  Philadelphia,  who  died  in  1728.  Mr.  Evans 
had  an  iron  foundry,  steam  mill,  &c.,  and  made  several  im- 
provements in  mechanics.  The  Young  Engineer's  Guide, 
1805.  Miller  and  Millwright's  Guide,  1797, 1807,  25  plates ; 
I4th  ed.,  with  addits.  and  corrections  by  Thomas  P.  Jones ; 
with  a  descriptiun  of  an  improved  Merchant  Flour  Mill, 
by  C.  and  0.  Evans,  Phil.a..  1853,  Svo. 

Evans,  R.  H.  Old  Ballads,  Historical  and  Narrative, 
Ac,  with  Notes.  Collected  by  Thomas  Evans,  Lon.,  1777, 
2  vols.  Svo ;  1784, 12mo.  Kevised  by  his  son,  R.  H.  Evans, 
1810,  4  vols.  Svo, 

Evans,  Robert.     Serm.,  1771,  4to. 

Evans,  Robert.  The  Dream;  or  Noble  Cambrians, 
ISOl,  2  vols.  12mo. 

Evans,  Robert  H.  A  Letter  on  the  Expediency  of 
a  Reform  in  Parliament.  Lon.,  1817,  Svo. 

Evans,  Robert  U'ilson,  Rural  Dean,  Vicar  of  He- 
versham.  and  late  Fellow  of  Trin.  Coll.,  Camb.  Biography 
of  the  Early  Church.  1st  and  2d  series,  Lon.,  1839,  12mo. 
Serms.,  1830.  Svo.  Serms..  1832.  Svo.  Tales  of  the  An- 
cient British  Church,  2d  ed.,  1841, 12mo.  Parochial  Serms., 
1844,  2  vols,  12mo  ;  2d  ed.,  1845,  '46,  2  vols.  12mo.  Bish- 
opric of  Souls,  3d  ed.,  1844.  12mo. 

"  Earnest  and  awakening,  but  with  partial  views."— SiciersfcWs 

as. 

Ministry  of  the  Body,  1847,  12mo;  2d  ed.,  1851,  fp.  Svo. 
Parochial  Sketches  in  Verse,  1850, 12mo.  Rectory  of  Vale- 
head,  15th  ed.,  1852,  12mo. 

"Universally  and  drdially  do  we  recommend  this  delightful 
Tolunie.  We  believe  no  person  could  read  this  work  and  not  be 
the  better  for  its  pious  and  touchinf;  lessons. — Lim.  Literary  Gaz. 

Mr.  Evans  has  written  a  number  of  other  u.«eful  works. 

Evans,  Smith.  Geology  Made  Easy ;  a  CuluuredChart 
of  the  Strata  pierced  by  the  Artesian  Well  at  Pcntonville, 
shewing  the  various  Strata  upon  which  London  is  built, 
commonly  known  as  the  London  Basin,  Lon.,  1851. 


"  This  Chart,  which  is  15  by  22  inches  in  size,  shews  the  order  in 
which  the  different  strata  of  the  earth  lie  upon  each  other,  with 
their  character,  localities,  and  organic  remains:  a  section  of  the 
Artesian  Well,  and  of  the  Loudon  Uasin,  and  representations  of 
the  tbssils  found  in  the  deposits.  It  may  be  considered  a  good 
compendium  of  the  geoloj^ical  informalinn  of  the  present  day." 

Evans,  Theopliilus.  Drych  y  Prif  CEsoedd,  (Mir- 
rour  of  the  Days  of  Yore,)  1716,  12mo.  Highly  commended. 
Now  a  rare  vnUnue. 

Evans,  Theophilus.  The  History  of  Modern  En- 
thusiasm, from  the  Reformation  to  the  present  time,  Lon., 
1752,  Svo. 

Evans,  Thomas.     (Edipus,  in  three  Cantos,  16-5. 

Evans,  Thomas.  Refutation  of  Linguefs  Memoirs 
of  the  Ba^tilc.  1 783.  Svo,     Letter  to  Earl  of  Sandwich.  1 791. 

Evans,  Thomas,  1742-1784,  an  intelligent  bookseller 
of  London,  pub.  a  collection  of  Ballads,  (see  Evans,  R.  H.,) 
and  issued  new  eds.,  with  dedications,  of  a  number  of 
valuable  works.  See  Nichols's  Literary  Anecdotes;  Gent. 
Mag.,  1784. 

Evans,  Thomas.  Cambrian  Itinerary,  Lon.,  1801, 
Svo.  Hist,  of  the  Ancient  Britons.  In  Welsh,  1804,  '10, 
12mo.  Eng.  and  Wel^h  Vocabulary  ;  with  a  Welsh  Gram- 
mar by  Thomas  Richards,  1804,  '10,  12mo,  An  ed.  by 
Wm.  Evans,  Carmarthen,  1771,  Svo. 

Evans,  Thomas,  of  Philadelphia.  Exposition  of 
the  Faith  of  the  Society  of  Friends.  Selected  from  their 
early  writings,  Phila.,  1828,  8vo:  Lon.,  1829,  Svo. 

Evans,  W,  J.,  M.D.  The  Sugar  Planter's  Manual, 
Lon.,  1847,  Svo. 

'•  Dr.  Evans's  masterly  work  is  full  of  the  most  valuable  infor- 
mation for  the  planter,  and  will  certainly  become  immediately  the 
text-book  and  standard  work  of  reference  on  sutrar-manulacture. 
It  should  be  in  the  hands  of  every  overseer,  book-keeper,  and  at- 
torney, who  ciinnot  fail  to  profit  by  a  careful  and  frequent  study 
of  its  contents." — G'lunial  Moi/. 

2.  Treatise  on  Endemic  Fevers  of  the  West  Indies,  Svo, 

Evans,  Wm.  Thamesiades,  or  Chastities  Triumph, 
1602,  Svo. 

Evans,  Wm.     Serm.,  Oxon..  1633.  4to. 

Evaus,  Wm.  Trans,  of  Grotius's  Treatise  concerning 
the  Law  of  War  and  Peace,  Lon.,  1715,  3  vols.  Svo. 

"  The  store.?  of  erudition  recommend  it  to  the  classical  scholar, 
while  his  h.appy  application  to  human  life  dmws  to  it  the  attention 
of  common  i-eaders." — Crari.es  Bl'tler. 

"  Such  richness  and  splendour  of  literature  have  a  powerful 
charm." — M.ackintosh. 

Evans,  Wm.  David.  1.  Salkeld's  Reports  K.  B.,  6th 
ed..  1793.  3  vols.  r.  Svo.  2.  Money  on  Law  of  Insurances, 
&c.,  1802.  Svo.  Edited  by  F.  X.  Martin.  Newbern,  1SU2, 
Svo.  3.  Decisions  of  Lord  Mansfield  in  Civil  Causes,  1802, 
2  vols.  4to.  Arranged  upon  the  plan  of  Blackstone.  4.  Po- 
thier  on  Law  of  Obligations,  1806,  2  vols.  5.  Letter  to 
Sir  S.  Romilly  on  the  Revision  of  the  B.ankrupt  Laws, 
1810,  Svo.  6.  Letters  on  the  Disabilities  of  R.  Catho- 
lics and  the  Dissenters,  1813,  Svo.  7.  Practice  of  the  C. 
Pleas.  Lancaster.  Lon.,  1814,  Svo.  8.  Acts  rel.  to  the  Clergy, 
with  Notes,  1817,  Svo.  9.  Collection  of  Statutes,  1818,  8 
vols.  Svo  ;  3d  ed..  continued  to  1835,  by  A.  Hammond  and 
T.  C.  Granger,  1829-36,  10  vols.  Svo. 

Evanson,  Edward,  1731-1805,  educated  at  Emanuel 
Coll.,  Camb.,  became  Vicar  of  South  Mimms  in  1768.  and 
two  years  later  Rector  of  Tewkesbury.  In  1771  he  was 
prosecuted  for  some  sentiments  expressed  by  him  in  a  ser- 
mon on  the  Resurrection,  and  in  1778  he  resigned  his  liv- 
ings and  became  head  of  a  school.  Relieved  from  all 
restraint,  he  soon  evinced  the  most  determined  opposition 
to  several  prominent  doctrines  of  Christianity,  and  is 
generally  styled  an  infidel. 

1.  The  Doctrines  of  a  Trinity  and  Incarnation  examined, 
1772;  anon.  2.  Three  Discourses,  1773,  Svo,  3.  Letter  to 
Dr.  Hard  on  the  Prophecies,  1777,  '92,  Svo.  4.  The  Sab- 
bath, 1792,  8vo.  5.  Dissonance  of  the  four  generally  re- 
ceived Evangelists,  and  the  Evidence  of  their  authenticity 
examined,  1792,  Svo.  Completely  refuted  by  Thomas  Fal- 
coner in  his  Certain  Principles,  <fec.,  1811,  Svo.  6.  Letters 
to  Dr.  Priestley's  Young  Man.  1794,  Svo.  7.  State  of  Re- 
ligion  in  Christendom,  1804.  Svo.  8.  Second  Thoughts  on 
the  Trinity,  1805,  Svo.  See  Lon.  Monthly  Mag.,  1805; 
Gent.  Mag.,  1805;  Nichols's  Lit.  Anecdotes. 

Evanson,  Rev.  R.  M,  Evelyn's  Rational  Account 
of  the  True  Religion,  now  first  pul).  from  the  original  MS. 
in  the  library  at  Wotton,  edited  with  Notes  by  R.  M.  E,, 
1850,  2  vols.  p.  Svo.     See  Evklyn.  John. 

Evanson,  Wm.  Alleyn,  Lecturer  of  St.  Luke's,  Old 
Street,  London.  Infidel  Credulity,  Lon.,  1826,  Svo.  Apo- 
logy for  the  Modern  Theology  of  Protestant  Germany;  a 
trans,  of  a  Review  of  Mr.  Rose's  Discourses  by  Dr.  Bret- 
schneider,  1 827,  Svo.  See  Dr.  Pusey's  work  on  the  same  sub- 
ject, and  Mr.  Rose's  comments  thereon.    Trans,  of  Knittel's 

665 


EVA 


EVE 


New  Criticisms  on  1  John  v.  7, 1829,  Svo. 

IntroiUic.  to  the  N.  Test,;  Lun.  Ei-lectic  Kiv..  'M  &enes,  ,  oi  uie  iii.i.i-,i,ui.     >.  ^^  ..>.^...,-~.   -.  --■■  =  - ,1,7;'  ,V"   = 

Bibl.  Bib.;   Orme  ou  the  Heavenly  W,t-     to  h„ve  been  written  by  a  French  NobleuKm      651      6mo. 

See   IIiLllam  s   Introdue. 


llorne'i 


iii.  81 
nessep. 

Evarts,  Jeremiah,  1781-1831,  secretary  of  the  Amer. 
Bd.  of  Cora,  f.ir  Foreign  Missions,  a  native  of  Vermont, 
was  from  1810-20  c.litor  of  The  Panoplist.  a  religious  and 
lilernrv  monthly  publication.  He  wrote  24  css.ays  under 
the  signature  of  Willium.  on  the  rights  and  claims  of  the 
Indians,  pub.  in  1829.  He  edited  the  volume  of  Speeches 
on  the  Indian  Bill,  and  wrote  the  Introduction.  See  Dis- 
courses on  Evarts,  by  Dr.s.  Woodand  Spring  ;  Miss.  Herald, 
Oct.  and  Nov.,  ISIU;  Memoirs  of  Jeremiah  Evarts,  Bos- 
ton. 1845,  8vo. 

Evarts,  Rev.  W.  W.  1.  Bible  Manual.  2.  Pastor  s 
Hand-Book.  3.  The  Bible  Prayer  Book.  4.  Scripture 
School  Reader;  in  c.mjunction  with  W.  H.  Wykoff. 

Eveleigh,  John,  D.D.,  1747-1814.  Provost  of  Oriel 
Coll.,  0.\f.  and  Preb.  of  Rochester.  The  Trinity.  1791,  8vo. 
Serms.  preached  before  the  Univ.  of  Oxford.  1792,  Svo; 
do.,  1810,  8vo.  Eight  Sermons,  preached  at  the  Bampton 
Lecture,  1792,  Svo.  Plurality  of  Persons  in  the  Godhead 
proved,  1797,  Svo.  Scrra.  on  27th  Ps.,  1806,  8vo.  Serms. 
before  the  Univ.  of  Oxford,  with  those  at  Bampton  Lecture. 
'■  He  tre.its  them  [the  topics]  with  a  degree  of  weight  aud  solidity 
which  shows  that  what  he  writes  is  the  fruit  of  de>*p  retlectioD.  and 
which  arrests  the  attention  of  the  considering  reader.  There  is  a 
character  of  sound  reasoning,  a  manner  of  sober  discussion,  which 
never  quits  the  author.  One  of  his  recommendations  is  the  total 
absence  of  all  ostentatious  diisplay  of  erudition."— ion.  Quurleiiy 
}ievi€w. 

Eveleigh,  Josiah.  Reply  to  Pierce,  Lon.,  1719,  Svo. 
Eveline,  Robert.  Direction  for  Adventurers,  and 
true  description  of  tlie  healthiest,  pleasantest,  and  richest 
Plantation  of  New  Alliion,  in  North  Virginia,  in  a  letter 
from  Mayster  Robert  Eveline,  that  lived  there  many  years, 
1641,  sm.  4to.     Litjer  rarissimus. 

Evelyn,  Charles.  Ladies'  Recreation  ;  or.  The  Plea- 
sure and  Profit  of  Gardening  improved,  Lon.,  1707,  '11,  '19, 
Svo.     In  German,  Leipsic,  1756,  Svo. 

Evelyn,  Sir  John.  Report  from  the  Committee  rel. 
to  Lord  Digby's  Speech  on  the  attainder  of  Strafford,  1641, 
4to. 

Evelyn,  John,  1620-1705-6,  was  a  son  of  Richard 
Evelyn,  of  Wotton,  in  the  county  of  Surrey,  where  John 
was  born  on  the  31st  of  October.  After  preparatory  studies 
at  Lewes  and  Southover,  he  was  placed  in  1637  as  a  fellow 
commoner  at  Balliol  Coll.,  Oxf.  He  entered  college,  as  he 
tells  us  with  much  modesty, 

'•  Rather  out  of  .')hame  of  abiding  longer  at  school  than  any  fit- 
ness, as  by  sad  exp.3rience  I  found,  which  put  me  to  releam  all 
that  I  had  neglected,  or  but  perfunctorily  gained." 

On  leaving  college  ho  removed  to  the  Middle  Temple, 
and  h.ad  been  there  but  a  short  time  when  he  lost  his  father. 
Anxious  to  see  something  of  foreign  countries,  he  deter- 
mined to  visit  the  continent,  whence  he  returned  after  an 
absence  of  three  months.  In  1643  he  again  left  home,  and 
for  a  number  of  years  resided  in  France,  and  other  parts 
of  Europe,  occasionally  making  a  short  visit  to  England. 
In  January,  1651,  '52  he  settled  permanently  in  the  latter 
country,  residing  at  Say's  Court,  near  Dcptford,  formerly 
the  seat  of  his  father-in-law.  Sir  Richard  Browne,  British 
resident  at  the  court  of  France. 

At  the  time  of  his  marriage  to  Miss  Browne,  in  1647,  at 
Paris,  she  had  not  attained  her  14th  year,  and  seems  to  h.ave 
been  a  grateful  and  docile  pupil  in  the  course  of  education 
prescribed  by  the  groom,  now  in  his  27th  year,  and  one  of 
the  most  accomplished  men  of  his  day.  She  survived  him 
about  three  years,  and  thus  commemorates  his  devotion : 

"  Ilis  care  of  my  education  was  such  .as  might  become  a  father, 
a  lover,  a  friend,  and  husband,  for  instruction,  tenderness,  affec- 
tion, and  fidelity,  to  the  last  moment  of  his  life,  which  obligation 
I  mention  with"a  gratitude  to  his  memory  ever  dear  to  me;  and  I 
must  not  omit  to  own  the  sense  I  have  "of  my  parents'  care  and 
goodness  iu  placing  me  in  such  worthy  hands." 

Indeed,  the  character  of  this  excellent  man,  placed  as 
he  was  amidst  the  corrupting  influence  of  a  most  unprin- 


See  Michaelis's  I  of  Evelyn  will  be  found  iu  the  Biog.  Brit.     We  notice  some 
Rev  ,  .".d  Series,  ,  of  tlie  principal.     1.  A  character  of  England,  purporting 
'        "  ■       1  written  by  a  French 

_ to    Lit.   Hist.     2.  Fumifugium 

or.  The  Inconvenience  of  the  Air  and  Smoke  of  London 
dissipated  ;  together  with  some  remedies  humbly  proposed. 
This  was  addressed  to  Charles  II.,  and  pub.  by  his  com- 
m.and.  3.  Tyrannus ;  or.  The  Mode,  in  a  Discourse  of 
Sumptuary  Laws,  1661,  Svo.  4.  Sculptura;  or.  The  His- 
tory and  Art  of  Chalcography  and  Engraving  on  Copper; 
with  an  ample  enumeration  of  the  most  renowned  Masters 
and  their  Works,  4c.,  1662,  Svo;  2d  ed.,  with  Life  of  the 
Author,  1755,  ]2ino.  This  work  was  written  at  the  re- 
peated request  of  Robert  Boyle.  5.  Sylva ;  or,  A  Discourse 
of  Forest  Trees,  and  the  Propagation  of  Timber  in  his 
Majesty's  Dominions:  to  which  is  annexed  Pomona;  rel. 
to  Fruit  Trees,  1664,  fob  :  2d  ed.,  1669;  3d  ed.,  with  addits. 
and  improvements,  1679,  fob;  4th  ed.,  17U6,  fol;  5th  ed., 
1729;  new  ed.,  by  Dr.  Hunter,  of  York,  with  Notes  and 
Engravings,  1776,  2  vols.  4to;  2d  ed.,  to  which  Terra,  a 
Philosophical  Discourse  on  Earth,  is  added,  17S6,  2  vols.  4to; 
4th  improved  ed.,  1812,  2  vols.  4to;  6th  improved  ed..  1825, 
2  vols.  4to.  This  work  was  written  by  the  command  of, 
and  was  the  first  book  pub.  by,  the  Royal  Society.  It  was 
elicited  by  certain 

"Queries  propounded  to  that  illustrious  assembly,  the  honour- 
able the  principal  Officers  and  Commissioners  of  the  Navy.'' 

Apprehensions  were  entertained  that  the  cultivation  of 
large  trees  was  so  much  neglected,  that  in  a  short  time  it 
would  Ik;  diEBcult  or  impossible  to  procure  sufficient  timber 
for  the  purposes  of  the  Navy.  Evelyn  made  an  earnest 
appeal  to  the  nation  to  treat  this  important  subject  with 
duo  regard.  His  work  was  eminently  successful.  In  the 
new  dedication  to  Charles  II.,  2d  ed.,  1669—5  years  after 
the  publication  of  the  Isl  ed.— Evelyn  tells  the  king 

"It  has  Ijeen  the  snle  occasion  for  furnishing  your  almost  ex- 
hausted dominions  with  more,  I  dare  say,  than  two  millions  of 
timber-trees,  besides  infinite  others,  which  have  been  propagated 
wifbin  the  three  nations,  at  the  instigation  and  by  the  direction 
of  this  work,"  &c. 

The  famous  Dr.  Wotton  declares 

'•  It  may  therefore,  perhaps,  lie  esteemed  a  small  character  of  Mr. 
Evelyn's  'discourse  ot  forest-trees  to  say,  that  it  out-does  all  that 
Theophrastus  and  Pliny  have  left  us  on  that  subject;  for  it  not 
only  does  that  and  a  great  deal  more,  but  contains  more  useful 
urecepts,  hints,  and  discoveiies,  upon  that  now  so  necessary  a  pirt 

'_  "      ...  ..        .-  ii ii,^ 1.)     l...^     +111    +Vi.iTi    L-nrMrn      frn-  Jill 


of  our  Hes  Kusticn.  than  the  world  had  fill  then  known,  for  all 
the  observations  of  former  ages.  To  name  others  after  him  would 
be  a  derogation  to  his  performance."— ifc/iecdmis  on  Ancient  and 
Modern  Learning. 

"  The  ■  Sylv.V  has  no  beauties  of  style  to  recommend  it,  and  none 
of  those  felicities  of  expression  by  which  the  writer  stamps  upon 
your  memory  his  meaning  in  all  its  force.  Without  such  charuLS, 
■Discourse  of  Forest  Trees,  and  the  Propagation  of  Timber  in  his 
Maiestv's  Dominions'  might  appear  fo  promise  dry  entertainment; 
but  he'  who  opens  the  volume  is  led  on  insensibly  from  page  to 
na-e  and  catches  something  of  the  delight  which  made  the  author 
en&r  with  his  whole  heart  and  all  his  fcculties  into  the  subject. 
It  is  a  great  repository  of  all  that  was  then  known  concerning 
tlie'  forest  trees  of  Great  Brifain,  their  growth  and  culture,  and 
their  uses  and  .ju.alitles,  real  or  imaginary ;  and  he  has  enlivened 
it  with  .all  the  pertinent  facts  and  anecdotes  which  occurred  to 
him  in  his  reading."— Robert  Soutmev  :  Lon.  Quart.  Renew.  xi.\.  4i . 
■■While  Britain  retains  her  awful  situation  among  the  nations 
of  Europe,  the  Svlva  of  Evelyn  will  endure  with  her  triumphant 
oaks  It  was  a'n  author  in  his  studious  retreat,  who,  casling  a 
pronbetic  eve  on  the  age  we  live  in.  secured  the  late  victnius  ■<! 
our  national  sovereignty.  Inquire  at  the  .\dmira  ty  how  the  fleets 
of  Nels,m  have  been  constructed,  and  they  can  tell  you  that  it  was 
with  the  oaks  which  the  genius  of  Evelyn  planted."— ZJisraefn 
Curiosities  of  Literature.  . 

'•  Tobii  Evelyn  did  perhaps  more  than  any  of  our  early  writers 
to  promote  and  strengthen  that  taste  for  rural  occupations,  among 
the  enlightened  classes,  which  has  now  happily  become  a  nafioual 
characteristic."  ,  ,  i.     ,    , 

■■  Say's  Court  was  afterwards  the  residence  of  the  celebrated 
Evelyn,  whose  'Sylva'  is  still  the  manu.al  of  British  planters,  and 
whose  life,  manners,  and  principles,  as  illustrated  in  his  Jleuioirs, 
ought  equally  to  be  the  manual  of  English  gentlemen.  —Sir 
Walteb  Scott:  A'eniTieort/i.  _ 

'■  A  dili"ent  perus,al  of  this  noble  work  may  animate  our  nobility 
and  gentry  to  improve  their  estates  by  the  never-failing  methods 
therein  recommended.  All  persons,  indeed,  who  are  owners  of 
I  land  may  find  infinite  delight,  as  well  as  profit,  in  this  book.  — 


cipled  court,  affords  a  delightful  subject  of  contemplation  ;  ^JnWi  Critic.  . .    ....      ..,.  . 

for  all  who  venerate  mor.al  worth,  in  this  case  rendered  ,  ■•Among  the  advantages  of  the  present  .splendid  edition  .ith  im- 
■  ■  -  ••    '  proved  ed,  1826,  2  vols.  4tol  are  the  copious  and  valuable  notes 

of  the  learned  editor,  which,  alone,  would  constitute  a  very  con- 
siderable volume  of  miscellaneous  extracts,  observations,  and  anec- 
dotes, on  the  nature,  properties,  culture,  and  uses  of  the  great 


more  conspicuous  by  intellectual  eminence.  Even  with 
the  dissolute  Charles  and  the  contemptible  crowd  of  cour- 
tiers who  ministered  to  his  vices,  the  learned,  religious 


and  accomplished  Evelyn  was  an  object  of  afl'ootion  as  well  |  varTeiy'of  The  trees  here  t'reated  of:  comprehending  .all  the  disco- 
asrespect.     They  could  not  but  admire  and  love  an  example  |  -veriesandimprovementswhichhavebeen  madesince  Mr.  t.velyns 

T     ..      Y,.        Ti  ..        xxa-\e:'—L<oi.  MonUihj  Fei'ii'iv. 

See  Lon.  Quar.  Review,  ix.  45. 

6  A  Parallel  of  the  Ancient  Architecture  with  the  Mo- 
dern 1664,  fol. ;  1669,  Svo;  3d  ed..  enlarged  and  corrected, 
1697   1733,  fol.;  with  the  addition  of  Sir  Henry  Wotton's 


which  they  were  content  not  to  imitate.  In  the  Biog.  Brit., 
and  especially  in  his  Diary  and  Correspondence,  the  reader 
will  find  ample  details  respecting  the  useful  life  of  one  of 
the  most  estimable  characters  of  literary  history. 

A  list  of  many  of  the  numerous  works  and  translations 
MS 


EVE 

Elements  of  Architecture.  7.  Public  Employment  and  an  ] 
Active  Life  preferred  to  Solitude,  1667,  8vo.  This  is  an 
answer  to  Sir  George  MacKen/.ie  on  the  other  side  of  the 
questi«>n.  8.  History  of  Three  hite  Famous  Impostures, 
1668,  '69,  8vo.  9.  A  Short  and  Plain  Discourse,  the  chief 
heads  of  the  History  of  Trade  and  Navij^ation,  their  origin 
and  progress,  1674,  8vo,     Dedicated  to  the  King. 

"  A  brief  and  necessarily  very  ioiperfect  sketch.  1 1  is  introduced 
by  some  observations  on  the  advantages  of  commerce  and  naviga- 
tion, as  exemplified  in  the  instances  of  Holland,  Venice,  &c." — 
McCuUocIi\';  Lit.  of  Pnlit.  Kcon.  | 

10.  Terra;  a  Philosophical  Discourse  of  the  Earth,  re- 
lating to  the  culture  and  improvement  of  it,  for  Vegeta-  ; 
tion,  and  the  Propagation  of  Plants,  1675,  fol.     See  notice  ! 
of  Sylva,  nn^t'.     11.  Mundus   Muliebris:   or  the  Ladies* 
Dressing  lluom  unlocked,  and  her  Toilette   spread.     In 
Burlesque.     Together  with  the  Fop's  Dictionary,  1G90,  4to. 
12.  Numismataj  a  Discourse  of  Medals,  ancient  and  mo- 
dern, 1697,  fol.  i 
"  We  mi^^bt  justly  have  expected  wbatever  could  have  been  de-  \ 
sired  on  this  subject,  from  the  excellently-learned  pen  of  Mr.  Eve- 
lyn, had  he  bent  his  thoughts,  as  was  believed,  towards  the  consi- 
deration of  our  British  coins  as  vrell  as  medals.     It  now  appeais 
that  his  Numismata  carried  him  no  farther  than  those  larger  and  , 
more  choice  pieces  that  are  usually  called  by  this  latter  name;  i 
whereon  he  has,  indeed,  treated  with  that  accuracy  and  fineness  ^ 
which  become  a  gentleman  and  a  scholar." — BisU"p  Nicolson's  Eng.  , 
Hut.  Lib.,  :*4S.  I 

IZ.  Acetaria;  or  a  Discourse  of  Sallets,  1699,  Svo.    This  j 
was   his  last  work.     He  contemplated  several  extensive  ' 
works — A  General  History  of  all  Trades,  The  Plan  of  a 
PkOyal  Garden,  &c. — which  were  never  compiled ;  see  Biog. 
Brit.     A  review  of  his  agricultural  works  will  be  found  in 
Donald-son's  Agricult.  Biog.  I 

Industrious  to  the  last,  he  was  but  a  short  time  before  , 
his  death  busily  employed  in  preparing  the  4th  ed.  of  Sylva 
for  the  press.  But  the  time  had  now  arrived  when  he  was 
permitted  to  enter  into  that  rest  to  which  his  heart  had 
ever  fondly  turned  during  the  course  of  his  long  pilgrimage 
on  earth.  He  died  Feb.  27,  1705-06,  in  the  86th  year  of 
his  age.  All  that  was  mortal  of  the  aged  Cbri.stian  was 
interred  at  Wottou,  where  his  tombstone,  by  his  direction 
— anxious  to  continue  his  usefulness  even  when  no  longer 
able  to  bear  a  living  testimony  to  the  truth — bears  this  in-  ^ 
scription :  ! 

"That,  living  in  an  ageof  extraordinary  events  and  revolutions, 
be  had  learned  from  thence  this  truth,  which  he  desired  mi,iiht  be 
thus  communicated  to  posterity  :  Th.\t  all  is  vanity  which  is  not  , 

HONEST,  and  that  THERE  IS  NO  SOLID  WISDOM  BUT  REAL  PIETY."  | 

This  is  "the  conclusion  of  the  whole  matter,"  and  we 
shall  be  wise,  indeed,  thoughtful  reader,  if  we  profit  by  the 
lesson. 

In  1825  Mr.  Wm.  Vpcott,  the  well-known  bibliographer, 
pub.  in  a  4to  vol.  a  collection  of  Evelyn's  Miscellaneous 
Writings — on  Morals,  Horticulture,  Art,  Science,  Com- 
merce. &c. — many  of  which  had  become  very  rare. 

•■  All  these  tempting  topics  we  are  compelled  to  fly  from,  with 
many  a  liii^'i  ring  look,  conscious  that  we  hare  occupied  a  large, 
thou:_'li  by  no  meaus  an  undue  space,  iu  affording  our  readers  some 
gusti>  ef  a  volume  upun  which  they  may  venture  to  make  many  a 
hearty  meal." — Jiritish  Chtic. 

In  1818,  2  vols.  4to,  appeared  Memoirs  illustrative  of  the 
Life  and  Writings  of  John  Evelyn,  Esq.,  comprising  his 
Diary  from  1641  to  1705-06,  and  a  Selection  from  his  Fa- 
miliar Letters,  2d  ed.,  1819,  2  vols.  4to;  3d  ed.,  1827,  5 
vols.  8vo.  New  ed.,  1850,  4  vols.  Svo;  again,  1854,  4  vols. 
8vo.  To  Mr.  Bray,  the  intelligent  editor  of  this  work,  and 
to  Mr.  Upcott,  his  assistant,  the  public  are  largely  indebted. 
It  has  been  truly  remarked  that 

'■  It  is  impossible  to  overrate  the  interest  and  value  of  a  diary 
and  correspondence  written  by  such  a  man  as  Evelyn,  and  in  such 
timus  as  those  of  Charles  I.,  Oliver  Cromwell,  Charles  II.,  James 
II.,  and  William  III." 

'•  This  work  is  a  necessary  companion  to  the  popular  histories  of 
our  country — to  Ilumc,  Ilallani.  Macaulay.  and  Lingard." 

'■Few.  if  any,  similar  publications  of  our  own  days  more  strongly 
attracted  public  attention  on  their  first  appearance,  or  are  likely  to 
retain  a  more  permanent  station  in  our  national  literature,  than 
the  Diary  of  Evelyn,  a  man  the  more  highly  honoured  ."tnd  valued 
as  our  acquaintance  is  permitted  to  become  closer." — BinXish  Critic. 

To  this  work  the  reader  must  add  The  Diary  and  Cor- 
respondence of  Samuel  Pepys,  and  he  may  congratulate 
himself  upon  the  possession  of  treasures  of  no  ordinary 
character. 

"  We  have  never  seen  a  mine  so  rich  as  the  volumes  before  us." 
— Sir  "Walter  .Scott. 

In  1848,  sm.  8vo,  was  pub.  by  Bishop  Wilberforce  of  Ox- 
ford, from  the  MS.  of  Evelyn,  his  Life  of  Mrs.  Godolphin. 
Now  first  pub. 

"  An  exquisite  book  is  this  for  the  refined  and  educated  reader. 
How  could  it  be  otherwise,  since  the  adminible  Kvelyn  has  seen 
tit  to  present  it  to  the  world?  This  little  book  cannot  but  be  at- 
tended with  many  blessings  on  account  of  the  purity  of  its  tone 
and  purpose." — Protestant  Cfiurchvian. 


EVE 

In  1850,  2  vols.  p.  Svo,  Rev.  R.  M.  Evanson  pub.  from 
the  MS.  of  Evelyn  his  Rational  Account  of  the  True  Re- 
ligion.    Now  first  pub. 

'•  As  an  epitome  of  all  the  later  arguments  against  the  infidelity 
of  the  seventeenth  and  eighteenth  centuries,  the  History  of  Reli- 
gion is  indeed  invaluable." 

Of  this  truly  excellent  man  we  may  say,  with  a  distin- 
guished critic : 

"  >'o  change  of  fashion,  no  alteration  of  taste,  no  revolutions  of 
science,  have  impaired  or  can  impair  his  celebrity.  Satire,  from 
whom  nothing  is  sacred,  scarcely  attempted  to  touch  him  while 
living;  and  the  acrimony  of  political  and  religious  hatred,  though 
it  spares  not  even  the  dead,  has  never  assailed  his  memory." — 
Robert  Southey:  Lfii.  Quar.  I^'view,  xix.  53. 

During  the  evil  days  when  unhallowed  violence  over- 
threw the  throne  and  the  altar,  Evelyn  was  a  sincere 
mourner,  and  ministered  to  the  necessities  of  those  who 
from  a  state  of  comparative  opulence  suddenly  found  them- 
selves reduced  to  straitne.=s  of  bread  and  the  melancholy 
prospect  of  continued  destitution.  When  that  intrepid 
champion  of  the  truth,  "  of  whom  the  world  was  not  wor- 
thy"— Jeremy  Taylor — was  consigned  to  the  cht-erless 
walls  of  a  prison,  it  was  John  Evelyn  who  not  only  ex- 
tended present  relief,  but  settled  upon  him  an  annual  al- 
lowance, that  be  might  not  be  careful  for  the  unirruw. 
From  a  letter  of  Evelyn's  to  this  attached  friend,  writteai 
in  these  troublous  times,  we  give  an  extract  which  reflects 
honour  both  upon  the  writer  and  the  one  addressed: 

"  For  my  part,  I  have  learned  from  your  excellent  assistance  to 
humble  myselfe,  and  to  adore  the  inscrutable  pathes  of  the  most 
high:  God  and  his  Truth  are  still  the  same,  though  the  founda- 
tions of  the  world  be  shaken.  Redivivus  can  shut  the  l^chooles 
indeede,  and  the  Temples;  but  he  cannot  hinder  our  private  iuter- 
courses  and  devotions,  where  the  Breast  is  the  Chappell  and  our 
Ileart  is  the  Altar.  Obedience  founded  in  the  understanding  will 
be  the  only  cure  and  retraite.  God  will  accept  what  remaines  and 
supply  what  is  necessary." 

Even  the  gossiping,  worldly-minded,  curiosity-hunting 
Horace  Walpole  is  betrayed  with  a  generous,  but  very  un- 
fashionable, enthusiasm,  when  expatiating  upon  the  cha- 
racter of  Evelyn : 

"  His  life,  which  was  extended  to  eighty-six  years,  was  a  course 
of  enquiry,  study,  cuiiosity,  instruction,  and  benevolence.  The 
works  of  the  Creator,  and  the  mimic  labours  of  the  creature,  were 
all  objects  of  his  pursuit.  He  unfolded  the  perfection  of  the  one, 
and  assisted  the  imperfection  of  the  other.  Ue  adored  from  ex- 
amination; was  a  courtier  that  flattered  only  by  informing  his 
prince,  and  by  pointing  out  what  was  worthy  for  him  to  counte- 
nance; and  was  really  the  neighbour  of  the  gospel,  for  there  was 
no  man  that  might  not  have  been  the  better  for  him.'"— Cafuto^/ue 
of  Eiigrav&rs. 

A  celebrated  author,  of  a  very  different  stamp,  bears  the 
same  testimony,  when  acknowledging  some  communica- 
tion designed  to  aid  an  important  literary  undertaking: 

"That  most  ingenious  and  \irtuous  gentleman,  Mr.  Evelyn,  who 
is  not  satisfied  to  have  advanced  the  knowlt^dge  of  this  age  by  his 
own  useful  and  successful  labours  about  planting  and  divers  other 
ways,  but  is  ready  to  coutribute  every  thing  in  his  power  to  perfect 
j  other  men's  endeavours." — Risuop  Burnet  :  Hist,  of  the.  Uffvrma- 
iiu)}. 

We  shall  conclude  our  article  with  the  tribute  of  one  of 
the  most  distinguished  poets  of  his  age: 
I  '*  Happy  art  thnu  whom  God  does  bless 

With  the  full  choice  of  thine  own  happiness; 
I  And  happier  yet.  because  th'ju'rt  blest 

With  prudence  how  to  choose  the  best. 
In  books  and  gardens  thou  hast  pl.ic'd  aright, 

(Things  which  thou  well  dost  understand. 
And  both  dost  make  with  thy  laborious  hand,) 

Thy  noble,  innocent  delight. 
And  in  thy  virtuous  wife,  where  thou  again  dost  meet 
IJnth  pleasures  more  reiin'd  and  sweet, 
The  fairest  garden  in  her  looks. 
And  in  her  mind  the  wisest  books: 
Oh,  who  would  change  these  soft  yet  solid  joys 
For  empty  shows  and  senseless  noise 
And  all  which  rank  ambition  breeds. 
Which  seem  su-h  beauteous  flowers,  and  are  such  pois'nons 
weeds."  ic.  Coivhij's  Garden. 

Evelyn,  John,  1654-55-1698,  3d  son  of  the  preced- 
ing, educated  at  Trin.  Coll..  Camb.,  was  in  1690  made  one 
of  the  chief  clerks  of  the  Treasury,  and  in  1691  w:is  elected 
a  commissioner  of  the  revenue  in  Ireland.  1.  Trans,  of 
Kenatus  Rapinus's  Latin  verses,  Of  Gardens,  1673,  Svo. 
2.  Trans  of  Plutarch's  Life  of  Alexander  the  Great;  in  vol. 
iv.  of  Plutarch's  Lives,  by  several  hands.  3.  Hist,  of  two 
Grand  Visiers,  Ac,  1677,  Svo.  A  trans,  from  the  French. 
See  Dryden's  Miscellanies,  and  Nichols's  Collection,  for 
some  of  his  poems. 

Ever,  Sampson.     See  Ever. 

Eveiard  of  >Vinchester,  temp.  Stephen,  wrote  a 
metrical  trans,  in  Anglo-Norman  of  the  Distirhn  of  Dio- 
nysius  Cato.  Ilelys  of  AVinchester  appears  to  have  bor- 
rowed largely  from  this  trans,  in  his  own  version  of  the 
Disticha,  now  in  MS.  in  the  British  Museum.  See  Le  Llvre 
1  des  Proverbes  Franj ais^  par  Le  Roux  de  Lincy,  Paris,  1842, 


EVE 


EVE 


12rao.  Tome  Second,  pp.  359-375.  Everard's  Trans,  of 
the  Distichs  (A  Cato.  Several  other  productions  are  as- 
cribed to  Everard.     See  AVright's  Biog.  Brit.  Lit. 

Everard.     Levellers  of  England,  Lon..  1()4S»,  4to. 

Everard,  Dr.  Hermes  Mercurius  Trismegistus  his 
Divine  Pnmander,  trans,  out  of  the  original  into  English, 
Lon.,  1657.  24rno. 

Everard,  Edmund,  sometime  under-secretary  to  the 
French  King.  1.  Discourses  on  the  Present  State  of  the 
Protestant  Princes  of  Europe,  Lon.,  1679,  ful.  2.  The 
great  pressures  and  grievances  of  the  Protestants  in  France, 
16S1,  fol. 

Everard,  Edward,  D.D.  Preparatory  Latin  Gram- 
mar, Lon.,  1843:  new  ed.,  1849,  12mo. 

"It  is  admirably  adapted  for  the  purpi^se,  and  has  our  Tvarmest 
recommendations." — Plymouth  {Eng.)  Herald. 

Serm.,  1844,  8vo. 

Everard,  Giles.     Panacea.  Lon.,  1659,  8vo. 

Everard,  John.  Britanno-Romanvs,  sive  Anglige- 
narvm  in  Collegio  llnmano  Vitae  Ratio,  Lon.,  1611,  8vo. 

Everard,  John,  D.D.,  a  Calvinist  divine,  temji. 
Charles  I.     Some  Gospel  Treasures.  Lon.,  1653,  8vo. 

Everard,  Thomas.     Stereometry.  Lon.,  lfiS4. 12mo. 

Everard,  W.    Mercantile  Book-keeping.  Lon.,  1075. 

Everardt,  Job.     Stenographia,  Lon.,  1658,  8vo. 

Everest,  Rev.  Charles  W.,  formerly  of  Meriden, 
Connecticut,  has  pub.  a  number  of  poetical  and  other  works. 
1.  Babylon ;  a  Puem.  2.  Hare  Bell.  3.  iMuss  Rose.  4. 
The  Memento.  5.  The  Snow  Drop.  6.  The  Poets  of  Con- 
nectieuL  7.  Vision  of  Death,  and  other  Poems.  We  may 
cite  his  poem  entitled  Agriculture,  as  a  beautiful  picture 
of  the  pleasures  of  a  country  life.  Since  1842,  Mr.  Everest 
has  given  nothing  to  the  press.  He  now  has  charge  of  the 
Rectory  School  at  Hamden,  Connecticut. 

Everett,  Alexander  Hill,  179a-!S47,  a  native  of 
Boston,  Massachusetts,  was  a  son  of  the  Rev.  Oliver  Eve- 
rett, and  a  descendant  of  Richard  Everett,  whose  name 
appears  in  the  public  records  of  Dcdham,  Massachusetts, 
for  the  year  1630.  Alexander  was  born  in  Boston  on  the 
19th  of  March.  1790.  and  entered  Harvard  College  in  the 
13th  year  of  his  age.  In  1806  he  graduated  with  the 
highest  honours  ;  and,  after  a  year's  experience  as  a  teacher 
in  the  Phillips  Exeter  Academy,  commenced  the  study  of 
law  in  the  office  of  John  Quiucy  Adams,  in  Boston.  In 
1809  he  accompanied  Mr.  Adiinis  on  his  mission  to  Russia, 
and  resided  at  St.  Petersburg  and  London  until  1812. 
Returning  to  the  United  States  on  the  declaration  of  war 
against  Great  Britain,  he  commenced  the  profession  of  the 
law  at  Boston,  but  was  soon  induced  to  accept  the  office 
of  secretary  of  legation  to  the  Netherlands.  On  the  re- 
tirement of  Mr.  Eustis  from  that  mission,  in  181S,  Mr. 
Everett  succeeded  him  as  charge  d'aflfaires,  and  retained 
this  post  until  1824.  In  this  year  he  returned  to  the  United 
States  on  leave  of  absence,  and  in  the  spring  of  1825  was 
appointed  by  President  Adams  minister  to  Spain.  In  1829 
he  returned  to  the  United  States,  and  became  proprietor 
and  editor  of  the  North  American  Review,  (1830-35,)  to 
which  he  had.  during  the  editorship  of  his  brother  Edward, 
been  one  of  the  most  valuable  contributors.  From  1830  to 
1835,  Mr.  Everett  occupied  a  seat  in  the  legislature  of 
Massachusetts,  and  during  these  years  and  a  few  following, 
gave  much  of  his  time  and  thoughts  to  state  and  national 
politics.  In  the  winter  of  1840  he  resided  as  a  confidential 
agent  of  the  U.  S.  Government  in  the  Island  of  Cuba,  and 
whilst  there  was  appointed  President  of  Jefferson  College, 
Louisiana.  He  entered  upon  the  responsible  duties  of  this 
post  in  June,  1841,  but  was  soon  obliged,  by  failing  health, 
to  return  to  New  England. 

Upon  the  return  of  Mr.  Caleb  Cushing  from  his  mission 
to  China,  Mr.  Everett  was  appointed  minister  plenipo- 
tentiary to  that  empire,  and  sailed  for  Canton  July  4th, 
1845.  A  severe  attack  of  illness  detained  him  for  some 
time  at  Rio  Janeiro;  and,  hopeless  of  amendment,  he  re- 
turned home ;  but  in  the  summer  of  1846  he  was  sufficiently 
recovered  to  allow  of  a  second  attempt  to  reach  his  desti- 
nation. Arrived  at  Canton,  it  soon  became  evident  that 
his  physical  powers  wore  too  much  prostrated  to  allow  of 
any  reasonable  hope  of  restoration,  and  he  closed  his  eyes 
in  a  strange  land,  June  2S(h.  1847.  For  the  above  facts, 
and  for  the  annexed  lists  of  Mr.  Everett's  contributions  to 
various  periodicals,  &c.,  we  are  indebted  to  Griswold's 
Prose  Writers  of  America. 

Mr.  Everett's  first  published  compositions  appeared  in 
The  Monthly  Anthology,  the  vehicle  of  communication 
with  the  public  of  the  Anthology  Club  of  Boston,  consist- 
ing of  George  Tickuor.  William  Tudor,  Drs.  Bigelow  and 
Gardener.  Alexander  H.  Everett,  and  Rev.  Messrs.  Buck- 
S68 


minster.  Thucher,  and  Emerson.  The  Monthly  Antho- 
logy, established  by  Phineas  Adams,  was  pub.  from  1803 
to  1811. 

The  following  list  of  Mr.  Everett's  publications  presents 
a  very  remarkable  instance  of  versatility  of  talent  and  en- 
larged range  of  erudition.  Politics  and  belles-lettres, 
political  economy  and  poetry,  statistics  and  aesthetics — sub- 
jects the  least  allied  in  character  or  criteria — alternately 
passed  under  the  review  of  the  "  pen  of  the  ready  writer." 

1.  Europe;  or,  A  General  Survey  of  the  Political  Situa- 
tion of  the  Principal  Powers,  witli  Conjectures  on  their 
Future  Prospects,  London  and  Boston,  1822,  8vo.  Trans- 
lated into  German,  French,  and  Spanish.  The  German 
version  was  edited  by  Professor  Jacobi,  of  the  University 
of  Halle. 

Mr.  Everett  devotes  the  first  chapter  of  his  work  to  an 
explanation  of  the  origin  of  the  controversy  between  God- 
win and  Malthus.  In  the  following  lines  he  lays  down  a 
position  which  opens  at  once  a  wide  field  of  debate: 

"It  is.  in  Cict,  somewhat  singular,  that  while  the  immediate 
object  of  Godwin  was  to  demonstrate  the  expediency  of  practif;il 
reform,  and  that  of  Mr.  Malthus  to  prove  its  inutility,  the  theorits 
of  both  thfse  writers  admit,  on  general  grounds,  of  pret-isely  the 
same  answer.  While  Godwin  considtMS  politioal  institutions  as 
absolutely  mischievous,  Malthus  affiims  that  they  are  completely 
indifferent.  The  true  answer  to  both  is,  that  they  are  neither 
mischievous  nor  indilTerent,  but  extremely  valuable;  that  the 
origin  of  evil  is  not  to  be  found  in  the  existence  of  society — not  in 
any  supposed  law  of  nature,  which  creates  a  necessity  of  perpetual 
famine — but  in  the  primary  constitution  of  the  universe." 

In  tho  eleventh  chapter  the  political  economist  will  find 
the  author's  explanation  of  the  manner  in  which  the  state 
of  civilization  atiects  the  rate  of  wages,  and  of  the  fact  that 
the  individual  producer  is  not  always  remunerated  in  pro- 
portion to  the  increased  wealth  of  the  community. 

He  attacks  the  theory  of  Malthus  as  totally  untenable, 
and  labours  to  prove  that  the  increase  of  population  is  in 
truth  a  princii>le  not  of  scarcity,  but  of  abundance.  A  re- 
view of  this  work  by  an  eminent  critic — Jared  Sparks, 
LL.D. — will  be  found  in  the  N.  American  Review,  xvii. 
288-310. 

2.  New  Ideas  on  Population,  with  Remarks  on  the  Theo- 
ries of  Godwin  and  Malthus,  London  and  Boston,  1822 
See  Mr.  E.'s  correspondence  upon  the  subject  of  political 
economy  with  Professor  George  Tucker,  of  the  University 
of  Virginia,  pub.  in  1845.  3.  America;  or,  A  general  Sur 
vey  of  the  Political  Situation  of  the  several  Powers  of  the 
Western  Continent,  with  Conjectures  on  their  future  Pros- 
pects, by  a  citizen  of  the  United  States,  Phila.,  1827,  Svoj 
Lon.,  1828,  8vo. 

"  The  appearance  of  this  work  has  been  expected  with  no  incon- 
siderable degree  of  interest.  It  was  generally  supposed  that  a 
volume  from  the  pen  of  the  author  of  'Europe.'  whatever  other 
qualities  it  might  possess,  could  scarcely  fail  of  being  an  ingenious 
and  elegant  production;  and  this  expectation  has  been  amply 
verified  in  the  present  instance.  We  believe  that  this  work  will 
be  generally  considered  as  a  valuable  accession  to  American  lite- 
rature; and  it  is  by  no  means  necessary,  in  order  to  appreciate  its 
merits  in  this  respect,  to  coincide  iu  all  the  opinions  and  views 
which  it  contains.  .  .  .  The  style  in  which  the  work  is  written 
would  alone  warrant  us  in  placing  it,  as  a  liteiary  production,  in 
the  highest  rank  of  English  classics.  It  is  a  style  equally  free  from 
the  nieretiiiious  ornament  so  prevalent  in  our  own  country,  and 
from  111.'  cMllinjuial  roughness  which  distinguishes  many  of  the 
aMist  Itiili^li  aufhoisof  the  present  time.  .  .  .  To  our  author  and 
to  Wasbiiigtnii  living  we  are  indeltted  for  two  of  the  most  success- 
ful elfnrts  which  have  been  made  in  the  present  century  to  revive 
the  Attic  elegance  which  distinguished  the  best  writers  of  the  days 
of  Addison." — A'uvtfi  AmL'rica7i  lievieto. 

"This  essay,  however  ohjectionable  it  may  be  to  an  Englishman 
in  several  respects,  is  marked  by  ability  of  the  very  first  order. 
8ince  the  puMication  of  those  admirable  Dissertations  which  were 
collected  in  T/ie  Federalist,  we  have  not  seen  any  political  compo- 
sition from  the  pen  of  an  American  that  can  at  all  be  compan'd 
with  this.  The  style  is  idiomatic  and  thoroughly  English,  foinud 
in  our  best  school.  We  are  often  compelled  to  admire  the  beauty 
of  the  periods  when  we  are  most  disposed  to  differ  from  the  senti- 
ments which  they  convey." — Lmi.  Moiithly  Hfvierv. 

4.  Critical  and  Miscellaneous  Essays.  Scries  First,  Bost., 
1S45,  12mo.  5.  Series  Second,  1847,  12mo.  G.  Poems,  1845, 
8vo.  To  Sparks's  American  Biography,  Mr.  Everett  con- 
tributed tho  Liic  of  Joseph  Warren,  in  1st  Series,  x.  91, 
and  the  Life  of  Patrick  Henry,  in  2d  Series,  i.  207. 

Mr.  Everett's  principal  contributions  to  the  North  Ameri- 
can Review  are  on  the  following  subjects:  1.  French  Dra- 
matic Literature.  2.  Louis  Bonaparte.  3.  Private  Life  of 
Voltaire.  4.  Literature  of  the  18th  Century.  5.  Dialogue 
on  Representative  Government,  between  Dr.  Franklin  and 
President  Montesquieu.  6.  Bernardin  de  St.  Pierre.  7. 
Madame  de  Stacl.  8.  J.  J.  Rousseau.  9.  Mirabeau.  10. 
Schiller.  11.  Chinese  Grammar.  12.  Cicero  on  Govern- 
ment. 13.  Memoirs  of  Madame  Camimn.  14.  Dcgerando's 
History  of  Philosophy.     15.  Lord  Byron. 


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The  following  were  written  whilst  in  Spain  : 

16.  McCulIoch's  Politifiil  Economy.  17.  Authorship  of 
Gil  Bins.  18.  Baron  de  t^tael's  Letters  on  Englami.  19. 
Paraguay.  20.  The  Art  of  Being  Happy.  21.  Politics  of 
Europe.  22.  Chinese  Manners.  2^.  Irving's  Columbus. 
24.  Definitions  in  Political  Economy,  by  Malthus.  25. 
Cousin's  Intellectual  Philosophy.     26.  Canova. 

The  following  were  written  whilst  editor  and  proprietor 
of  the  Review : 

27.  British  Opinions  on  the  Protecting  System.  28. 
Politics  of  Europe.  29.  Tone  of  British  Criticism.  30. 
Stewart's  Moral  Philosophy.  31.  The  American  System. 
32.  Life  of  Henry  Clay.  33.  Life  and  Writings  of  Sir 
James  Mackintosh.  34.  Irving's  Alliambra.  35.  XuUifi- 
cation,  36.  The  Union  and  the  States.  37.  Hamilton's 
Men  and  Manners  in  America.  38.  Early  Literature  of 
Modern  Europe.  39.  Early  Literature  of  France.  40. 
Progress  and  Limits  of  Social  Improvement.  41.  Origin 
and  Character  of  the  Old  Parties.  42.  Character  of  Jeffer- 
son.    43.  Dr.  Channing.     44.  Thomas  Carlyle. 

His  principal  contributions  to  the  Democratic  Review 
are  the  following: 

1.  The  Spectre  Bridegroom,  from  Burger.  2.  The  "Water 
King;  a  Legend  of  the  Xorse.  3.  The  Grecian  Gossips, 
imitated  from  Theocritus.  4.  The  Worth  of  Woman,  from 
Schiller.  5.  Enigma.  6  and  7.  The  Kramers  of  the  Con- 
stitution. 8.  Mrs.  Sigoumey.  9,  Sketch  of  Harro  Bar- 
ring. 10.  The  Texas  Question.  11.  The  Re-annexation 
of  Texas.  12.  Contemporary  Spanish  Poetry.  13.  Green- 
ough's  Statue  of  Washington.  14,  The  Young  American. 
15.  The  Malthusian  Theory  discussed  in  Letters  to  Pro- 
fessor George  Tucker,  of  the  University  of  Virginia.  16. 
The  Portress :  a  Ballad.  17.  The  Funeral  of  Goethe,  from 
Harro  Harring. 

The  contributions  to  the  Boston  Quarterly  Review  were 
chiefly,  if  not  altogether,  devoted  to  an  exposition  of  the 
questions  connected  with  currency.  Among  Mr.  Everett's 
published  orations  are  the  following:  1.  On  the  Progress 
and  Limits  of  the  Improvement  of  Society.  2.  The  French 
Revolution.  3.  The  Constitution  of  the  United  States. 
4.  State  of  Polite  Literature  in  England  and  the  United 
States.  5.  Moral  Character  of  the  Literature  of  the  last 
and  present  century.  6.  Literary  Character  of  the  Scrip- 
tures. 7.  Progress  of  Moral  Science.  8.  Discovery  of 
America  by  the  Northmen.  9.  German  Literature.  10.  Bat- 
tle of  New  Orleans.     11.  Battle  of  Bunker  Hill. 

Everett,  David,  d.  1813.  aged  44,  editor  of  Boston 
Patriot,  and  subsequently  of  The  Pilot,  was  a  native  of 
Princeton,  Massachusetts,  and  graduated  at  Dartmouth 
College  in  1795.  1.  Common  Sense  in  Dishabille,  or  The 
Farmer's  Monitor,  1799.  2.  Daranzel;  a  Tragedy,  1800. 
3.  Political  Essays  in  the  Boston  Gazette,  over  the  signa- 
ture of  .Junius  Araericanus. 

Everett,  Edward,  one  of  the  most  distinguished  ora- 
tors and  scholars  of  modern  times,  born  1794,  in  Dorches- 
ter, near  Boston,  Massachusetts,  is  a  younger  brother  of 
Ai.kxaSderH.  Evkrett:  see  ante.  He  entered  Harvard 
College  at  the  age  of  13,  and  graduated  with  distinguished 
credit  in  1811.  After  two  years  of  preparatory  study  in  the 
divinity  school  in  Cambridge,  he  was  at  the  early  age  of  19 
chosen  to  succeed  the  eloquent  Buckminster,  by  whose 
death  the  pulpit  of  the  Brattle  Street  Church  had  been  left 
vacant.  As  a  pulpit  orator  Mr.  Everett  soon  attained  that 
distinction  which  he  has  invariably  acquired  iu  every  de- 
partment of  life  which  he  has  successively  occupied.  An 
extract  from  a  letter  of  the  late  Judge  Story  will  prove 
interesting  in  this  connexion.  The  writer  refers  to  a  cele- 
brated sermon  of  Mr.  Everett,  entitled  "  Brethren,  the  time 
is  short,"  delivered  in  the  capitol  at  Washington,  in  Febru- 
ary, 1820: 

"The  sermon  was  truly  splendid,  and  was  heard  with  a  breath- 
It'Ss  silynce.  The  audiyuce  was  verj-  larce;  and.  beinp  in  thiit 
magnificent  apartment  of  the  House  of  RejtlL'St.-nt.Ttivt-s.  it  had  vast 
effect.  I  saw  Mr.  Kintr,  of  New  York,  and  Mr.  Otis,  of  Massachu- 
setts, there.  They  were  both  very  much  affected  with  Mr.  Everett's 
sermon;  and  Mr.  Otis,  in  particular,  wept  bitterly.  There  were 
gome  very  touching  appeals  to  our  most  delicate  feeliups.  on  the  loss 
ofourfrifuds.  ludeed.  Mr.  Everett  w.is almost  universallv  admired, 
as  the  most  eloquent  of  preachers.  Mr.  King  told  me  he  never 
heard  a  discourse  so  full  of  unction,  eloquence,  and  pood  taste." 

The  following  tributes  from  the  same  distinguished  au- 
thority may  perhaps  be  properly  quoted  in  this  place: 

'•I  thank  you  most  sincerely  for  "the  hi.,'h  pleasure  and  instruc- 
tion you  have  given  me  in  this  number  ofthe[X.  American]  Review, 
I  agree  with  you  as  to  Mr.  Tudor *s  book,  and  you  have  almost  per- 
suaded me  you  are  right  as  to  the  Indians.  If  you  continue  to 
write  thus  powerfully,  in  such  a  strain  of  manly,  vigorous  sense, 
with  such  glowing  elo<iuence.  you  will  humble  all  of  us,  but  nobly 
exalt  the  pride  and  character  of  our  country." — LtUer  to  £dward 
EvaxU,  Sulem,  January  15, 1820. 


"Mr.  Everett,  whom  you  may  remember  at  Boston,  made  his 
maiden  speech  on  this  occasion.  [Propo.^ition  to  amend  the  Con- 
stitution ;  debate  in  House  of  Kepresentatives.  Washington,  session 
of  1825-26.]  It  received  very  great  applause  from  its  manner  as 
well  as  imitter.  He  bids  fair  to  be  an  eminent  statesman,  after 
having  figured  a  considerable  time  as  an  eminent  clergyman." — Ltt- 
ter  t"  J.  Evrli/ii  Denison,  £sq.y  M.F.y  Washiii'jUju,  Much  15.  1S26. 

The  reader  will  thank  us  for  thus  recording  the  testimony 
of  Judge  Story  to  Mr.  Everett's  eminence  as  a  preacher, 
an  essayist,  and  a  political  orator.  We  shall  have  occa- 
sion, before  closing  this  article,  to  quote  still  further  from 
the  same  distinguished  autliurity.  No  man  mere  highly 
valued  Mr.  Everett's  natural  talents  and  rijie  schcdarship, 
and  no  man  would  have  more  heartily  welcomed  the  great 
intellectual  monument  which  he  so  well  knew  these  talents 
and  scholarship  were  capable  of  erecting.  But  we  antici- 
pate. In  1S12,  at  the  early  age  of  IS,  he  was  appointed 
Latin  tutor  in  Harvard  College. 

In  1S14  he  pub.  a  volume  of  about  500  pages,  entitled  A 
Defence  of  Christianity,  in  answer  to  The  Grounds  of 
Christianity  Examined,  by  (ieorge  B.  Engli.--h.  These 
works  we  have  already  noticed  at  length.  See  English, 
George  B. 

In  1S15  he  was  elected  professor  of  the  Greek  Language 
and  Literature  in  Harvard  College,  with  the  undeistanding 
that  he  should  spend  some  time  in  Europe  before  engaging 
in  the  arduous  duties  of  this  post.  M'hilst  abroad  he  made 
the  acquaintance  of  Scott,  Byron.  Jeffrey,  Campbell,  Mack- 
intosh, RomiU}'^,  Davy,  and  other  distinguished  literary 
and  political  characters. 

In  1S19  he  returned  home  and  entered  upon  the  duties 
of  the  Greek  Professorship.  In  addilii.tn  to  his  regular  lec- 
tures, he  found  time  to  publish  a  Greek  Grammar,  trans,  by 
him  from  the  German  of  Buttman,  and  a  Greek  Reader, 
based  upon  that  of  Mr.  Jacobs.  We  extract  a  notice  of 
this  portion  of  Mr.  Everett's  life,  from  Mr.  Hayward's  arti- 
cle on  American  Orators  and  Statesmen,  in  the  London 
Quarterly  Review  for  December,  1S40: 

'•Edward  Everett  is  one  of  the  most  remarkable  men  living.  He 
is  a  native  of  ."Massachusetts,  and  was  born  about  179H.  At  nine- 
teen be  bad  already  acquired  the  reputation  of  an  accomplished 
scholar,  and  was  drawing  large  audiences  as  a  Unitarian  preacher. 
At  twenty-one  (the  age  at  which  Roger  Ascham  achieved  a  similar 
distinction)  he  was  appointed  Professor  of  Greek  in  Harvard  Uni- 
versity, and  soon  afterwards  he  made  a  tour  of  Europe,  including 
Greece.  M.  Cousin,  who  was  with  him  in  Germany,  informed  a 
fiiend  of  ours  that  he  was  one  of  the  best  Grecians  he  ever  knew, 
and  the  translator  of  Plato  must  have  known  a  good  many  of  the 
best,  "n  his  return  from  his  travels  he  lectured  on  Greek  litera- 
ture with  the  enthusiasm  and  success  of  another  Abelard — we 
hoj»e.  without  the  lleloise." 

He  became  editor  of  the  North  American  Review  iu 
Jatiuary,  1820,  and  in  the  next  four  years  contributed  to 
its  pages  about  fifty  papers,  to  which  are  to  be  added  sixty 
more,  written  whilst  the  Review  was  under  the  manage- 
ment of  his  brother  Alexander,  and  of  those  who  succeeded 
him.  Mr.  Everett  has  given  us  reason  to  hope  for  the  pub- 
lication of  a  selection  from  these  excellent  papers,  and 
from  the  speeches,  reports,  and  correspondence,  prepared 
from  time  to  time  in  the  discharge  of  his  official  duties. 
We  trust,  however,  that  the  contributions  to  the  Review 
will  be  given  without  the  least  curtailment:  and  the  rather 
from  the  fact  that  the  earlier  numbers  of  this  periodical  are 
not  only  now  scarce,  but  not  to  be  had — save  on  rare  oc- 
casions— at  any  price  whatever.  On  the  Sth  of  May,  1822, 
Mr.  Everett  was  married  by  his  old  classmate,  the  Rev.  N. 
L.  Fruthingham.  D.D.,  to  Charlotte  Gray,  a  daughter  of 
Peter  Chardon  Brook.s  one  of  the  leading  men  of  Boston. 
Mr.  Brooks  died  January  1,  1S49,  and  his  biography  has 
been  written  by  Mr.  Everett. 

In  1824  Mr.  Everett  was  elected  to  the  United  States  Con- 
gress by  the  voters  of  Middlesex,  Massachusetts,  and  sat  in 
the  House  of  Representatives  for  ten  years.  Upon  his  re- 
turn from  Congress  in  1835,  he  was  for  four  successive  years 
elected  Governor  of  Massachusetts,  and  at  the  next  elec- 
tion defeated  by  only  one  out  of  more  than  100,000  votes. 
In  1841  he  was  appointed  Minister  Plenipotentiary  to  the 
Court  of  St.  James,  and  resided  in  London  for  about  five 
years.  Not  the  least  gratifying  testimonial  of  respect 
accorded  to  Mr.  Everett  in  England,  was  the  degree  of 
D.C.L.,  by  the  Universities  of  Oxford  and  Cambridge,  and 
from  Dublin.  On  his  return  home,  in  1 846,  he  was  elected 
to  the  Presidency  of  Harvard  College,  and  retained  this  ho- 
nourable post  until  1849,  when  he  tendered  his  resignation, 
and  was  succeeded  by  Jared  Sparks.  On  the  decease  of 
Daniel  Webster.  Mr.  Everett  was  appointed  Secretary  of 
State  of  the  United  States,  and  in  1863  he  succeeded 
John  Davis  as  a  national  Senator.  In  consequence  of  the 
failure  of  his  health,  he  soon  resigned  his  seat,  and  is 
now  (ISoSJ  living  in  retirement  at  Boston,  occupied,  it  la 

569 


EVE 


EVE 


believed,  in  the  preparntion  of  a  pvsteinatic  trentisc  on  the 
modern  Law  of  Nations.  See  Griswold".''  Prose  Writers  of 
America:  Men  of  the  Time,  N.  Yorli,  1S52;  Tiie  Hundred 
Boston  Orators,  by  James  S.  Loring,  Boston,  1.^54.  8vo. 

In  addition  to  the  Defence  of  Christianity,  already  men- 
tioned, and  a  number  of  occasional  addres.=es,  oflicial  let- 
ters, reports,  &c.,  Mr.  Everett  has  published.  1.  Orations 
and  Speeches  on  Various  Occasions,  18:^.fi,  Svo.  This  vol. 
contains  27  speeches,  tte.  delivered  from  1825-.36.  2.  Im- 
portance of  Practical  Education  and  Useful  Knowledge; 
a  selection  from  his  Orations  and  other  Discourses,  (pub. 
in  1836,)  N.  York,  1847,  12mo.  This  work  was  originally 
prepared  for  the  Massachusetts  District  School  Library,  at 
the  request  of  the  Board  of  Education.  3.  Orations  and 
Speeches  on  Various  Occasions  from  182fi  to  1S50,  2d  ed., 
Boston,  ISaO,  2  vols.  Svo.  This  ed.  includes  all  that  were 
in  the  ed.  of  lS:i(i.  3d  ed.,  1853.  2  vols.  Svo.  These  vo- 
lumes contain  cighty-ono  articles;  certainly  among  the 
most  valuable  ever  issued  from  the  American  or  British 
press.     The  titles  and  dates  are  as  follows : 

I.  The  Circumstances   Favourable  to   the   Progress  of 
Literature  in  America,  1824.     II.  The  First  Settlement  of 
New  England,  1824.     III.  The  First  Battles  of  the  Kevo-  j 
lutionary  War.  1825.     IV.  The    Principle   of  the  Ameri- 
can Constitutions,  182(i.     V.  Adams  and  JcfTerson,  1826. 
VI.  The   History  of  Libertv.   1828.     VIL  Monument  to 
John   Harvard,  1828.     VIl'l.  Speech  at  Nashville.  Ten- 
nessee, lS2il.     IX.  Speech  at  Lexington,  Kentucky.  1S29. 
X.  Speech  at  the  Yellow  Springs,  in  Ohio.  1829.     XI.  The  ' 
Settlement  of  JIassachusetIs, ']S30.     XII.  Importance  of 
Scientific  Knowledge  to  Practical  Men,  and  the  Encou- 
ragements to  its  Pursuit:  the  substance  of  several  addresses. 
XIIL  The  Working  Men's  Party,  1830.     XIV.  Advantage  ] 
of  Scientific  Knowledge  to  Working  Men,  1S31.     XV.  Co- 
lonization and  Civilization  of  Africa,  1832.     XVI.  Edu-  ! 
cation  in  the  Western  States.  1833.     XVII.  The  Bunker  ' 
Hill  Monument,  1833.     XVIIL  Temperance.  1833.     XIX. 
The  Seven  Y'ears'  War  the  School  of  the  Revolution,  1833. 
XX.  The   Education  of  Mankind,  1833.     XXI.  Agricul- 
ture, 1833.     XXII.  Eulogv  on  Lafayette,  1834.     XXIIL 
The  Battle  of  Lexington,  1835.     XXIV.  The  Youth  of  | 
Washington,  1835.     XXV.  Education  Favour:iblo  to  Li-  j 
borty,  Morals,  and  Knowledge,  1835.     XXVI.  The  Battle 
of  Bloodv  Bro.ik.  1835.     XXVIL  The  Boyhood  and  Youth 
of  Franklin,  1829.     XXVIII.  Fourth  of  July  at  Lowell, 
1830.      XXIX.    American    Manufactories,    1831.      XXX. 
Anecdotes  of  Early  Local    History,    1833.     XXXI.  The 
Western    Railroad,    1835.      XXXII.  Anniversary  of  the 
Settlement  of  Springfield,  1830.     XXXIII.  The  Import- 
ance of  the  Militia,  1836.     XXXIV.  The  Seventeenth  of 
June  at  Charlestown,  1836.     XXXV.  Harvard  Centennial 
Anniversarv,  1836.     XXXVI.  The  Settlement  of  Dedham, 

1836.  XXXVII.  The  Cattle  Show  at  Dnnvers.  1836. 
XXXVIIL  The  Irish  Chiiritahle  Society.  1837.  XXXIX. 
Improvements  in  Prison  Discipline.  1837.  XL.  Superior 
and  Popular  Education,  1837.     XLL  The  Boston  Schools, 

1837.  XLII.  The  Importance  of  the  Mechanic  Arts, 
1837.  XLIII.  Reception  of  the  Sauks  and  Foxes.  1837. 
XLIV.  Dr.  Bowditch,  1838.  XLV.  Fourth  of  July.  1838. 
XLVI.  EducationtheNurtureof  the  Mind,  1838.  XLVII. 
Festival  at  Exeter,  1838.  XLVIII.  Accumulation,  Pro- 
perty, Capital.  Credit,  1838.  XLIX.  Importance  of  Edu- 
cation in  a  Republic,  1838.  L.  The  Settlement  at  Barn- 
stable. 1839.  LI.  Normal  Schools,  1839.  LII.  Opening 
of  the  Railroad  to  Springfield,  1839.  LIII.  The  Scots' 
Charitable  Society,  1S39.  LIV.  John  Lowell,  Jr.,  Founder 
of  the  Lowell  Institute:  a  Memoir,  1839.  LV.  Dr.  Ro- 
binson's Medal,  1S42.  LVI.  British  Association  at  Man- 
chester, 1842.  LVII.  University  of  Cambridge,  1842. 
LVIII.  The  Royal  Agricultural  Society  at  Bristol,  1842. 
LIX.  Agricultural  Society  at  Waltham,'lS42.  LX.  York 
Minster,  1842.  LXI.  Lord  Mayor's  Day,  1842.  LXIL 
The  Ueological  Society  at  London.  LXIII.  The  Royal 
Academy  of  Art.  1843.  LXIV.  Royal  Literary  Fund, 
1843.  LXV.  The  Agricultural  Socie'ty  at  Derby,  1843. 
LXVI.  Reception  at  Hereford,  1843.  LXVII.  Saffron 
Walden,  1843.  LXVIII.  Scientific  Association  at  Cam- 
bridge, England,  1845.  LXIX.  The  Pilgrim  Fathers, 
1845.  LXX.  University  Education,  1846.  LXXL  The  New 
Medical  College  at  Boston.  1846.  LXXIL  The  Famine 
in  Ireland,  1847.  LXXIII.  .\id  to  the  Colleges  of  Massa- 
chusetts, 1848.     LXXIV.  Euloirv  on  John  Quincv  Adams, 

1848.  LXXV.  The  Cambridge  High  School,  1848.  "LXXVL 
Second  Speech  in  Aid  of  the  Colleges  of  Massachusetts, 

1849.  LXXVII.  American  Scientific  Association.  1849. 
LXXVni.  TheDcpartureof  the  Pilgrims,  1849.  LXXIX. 
Cattle  Show  at  Dedham,  1849.     LXXX.  The  Nineteenth 

670 


of  April  at  Concord.  1850.  LXXXI.  The  Bible:  Annual 
Meeting  of  the  Massachusetts  Bible  Society,  May  27, 1850. 
Since  the  above  was  written,  a  third  volume  of  Mr.  Eve- 
rett's Orations,  Discimrses,  &c.,  has  been  placed  in  the  bands 
of  the  printer,  and  is  to  be  pub.  in  Boston  in  1858.  It  will 
contain — Lectures  on  the  Civilization  of  the  Peruvians  and 
Aztecs,  and  on  the  Discovery  of  America  by  the  Northmen  ; 
Orations  and  Speeches  on  the  following  occasions  and  sub- 
jects: The  Anniversary  of  the  Battle  of  Bunker  Hill,  17th 
June,  1S50;  The  Annual  Examination  of  the  Cambridge 
High  School;  Dinner  to  Amin  Bey ;  Union  Dinner  at  New 
York,  22d  Feb.,  1851 ;  Cattle  Show  at  Lowell ;  The  Rail- 
road Festival  in  Boston,  on  opening  the  road  to  Canada; 
Massachusetts  State  Agricultural  Society;  The  Warren 
Street  Chapel ;  Dinner  of  the  Alumni  of  Harvard  College  ; 
Another  Cambridge  High  School  Examination  :  Dinner  to 
Mr.  Thomas  Baring;  Hampshire  Agricultural  Society ;  In 
Faneuil  Hall,  on  the  Death  of  Daniel  Webster;  Coloniza- 
tion Society  at  Washington;  Discovery  and  Colonization 
of  .America,  befi)re  tiie  New  YiTk  lli.-toriealSociety ;  Fourth 
of  July,  in  Faneuil  Hall,  on  Stability  and  Progress  ;  The 
Sailing  of  the  Pilgrims,  at  Plymouth,  in  August,  1853; 
New  Hampshire  Agricultural  Society  ;  Death  of  Vice  Pre- 
sident King:  Fourth  of  July.  1855,  at  Dorchester;  School 
Festival  in  Faneuil  Hall;  Death  of  Mr.  Lawrence,  in  Fa- 
neuil Hall;  United  States  Agricultural  Festival  in  Boston; 
Presentation  of  the  Cane  of  Washington,  Feb.  23,1858;  also 
a  Memoir  of  Peter  C.  Brooks,  and  some  other  articles.  This 
volume  will  contain  a  copious  index  to  the  three  volumes, 
making  it  a  nccess:iry  companion  to  vols.  i.  and  ii.  Those 
who  would  witness  a  remarkable  illustration  of  the  power 
of  eloquence  to  transfuse  life  and  beauty  into  the  teachings 
of  science,  the  lessons  of  history,  the  ethics  of  politics, 
anil  vicissitudes  of  letters,  will  not  neglect  to  devote  *' their 
days  and  nights''  to  the  Orations  of  Edward  Everett. 

We  need  hardly  remind  our  readers  that  Mr.  Everett  has 
substantial  claims  to  the  character  of  a  poet.  The  Dirge 
of  Alaric  the  Visigoth,  and  the  beautiful  poem  of  Santa 
Croce,  are  among  the  few  compositions  which  the  remem- 
brance of  school-boy  declamation  can  present,  without  fear 
of  rebuke,  to  the  maturer  judgment  of  riper  years.  Sevenil 
other  poetical  productions  are  among  the  evidences  of  their 
author's  reuuirkable  versatility  of  talent.  A  Notice  of  the 
Life  and  Works  of  the  late  Daniel  Webster,  by  Mr.  Eve- 
rett, will  be  found  in  the  collective  edition  of  the  works  of 
the  former,  Boston,  1852,  6  vols.  Svo.  To  the  same  dis- 
tinguished pen  belong  the  Life  of  General  .Stark,  in  .Sparks'a 
Library  of  American  Biography,  (1st  series,  i.  1.)  and  seve- 
ral of  the  Annual  Reports  of  the  Massachusetts  Board  of 
Education.  The  merits  of  Mr.  Everett's  productions  are 
duly  estimated,  both  at  home  and  abroad,  and  we  regret 
that  our  limited  space  renders  brevity  of  quotation  from 
commendatory  notices  a  matter  of  necessity. 

The  first  oration  which  drew  upon  Mr.  Everett  the  eyes 
of  his  countrymen  at  large  was  delivered  at  Cambridge 
before  the  Phi  Beta  Kappa  Society,  August  27, 1824.  The 
occasion  was  one  well  calculated  to  call  forth  the  eloquence 
of  the  young  orator.  He  stood  in  the  presence  of  much 
of  the  genius  and  learning  of  the  land :  of  those  who  had 
written  their  names  in  their  country's  history,  and  whose 
fame  was  not  confined  to  the  vast  republic  which  claimed 
them  as  her  sons. 

But  the  remembrance  of  the  mighty  dead  would  have 
proved  a  stronger  spell  than  the  presence  of  the  living, 
had  it  not  been  that  the  companion  of  the  departed,  the 
brother-in-arnis  of  the  Father  of  his  country,  sat  that  day 
an  honoured  guest  of  the  chief  estates  of  the  land  which 
he  had  aided  to  redeem.  When  the  youthful  orator  had 
excited  to  an  almost  painful  pitch  the  feelings  of  the  vast 
asseml'lage  who  hung  upon  his  lips, — when  they  smiled 
or  wept,  scirrowed  over  the  past  or  exulted  in  the  present, 
at  the  will  of  the  master  who  carried  them  as  he  listed, — 
be  suddenly  turned  to  the  illustrious  guest  who  bad  seen 
so  much  of  the  rise  and  fall  of  human  greatness — who  had 
witnessed  alike  the  destruction  of  a  throne  and  the  birth 
of  a  nation — and  addressed  him  in  an  apostrophe  never  to 
be  forgotten  by  auditor  or  reader : 

"  Welcome,  friend  of  our  fathers,  to  our  shores !  Happy  are  our 
eyes  th.%t  behold  those  venerable  features !  Knjoy  a  triumph  such 
as  never  conqueror  nor  monarch  enjoyed — the  assurance  that 
throuj^hout  America  there  is  not  a  bosom  which  does  not  beat 
with  joy  and  gratitude  at  the  sound  of  your  name!  You  have 
already'met  and  saluted,  or  will  soon  meet,  the  few  that  remain 
of  the  ardent  patriots,  prudent  ccuusellors,  and  brave  w.irriors, 
with  whom  you  were  associated  in  achievinsr  our  liberty.  But 
you  have  looked  round  in  vain  for  the  faces  of  many,  who  would 
hfive  lived  years  of  pleasure  on  a  day  like  this,  with  their  old 
companion-in-arms  and  brother  in  peril.  Lincoln,  and  Greene, 
and  Knox,  and  Hamilton,  are  gone;  the  heroes  of  Saratoga  and 


EVE 


EVE 


Yorlitown  have  fallen  before  theeuemy  that  conquers  all.  Above  ' 
all,  thj"  tirst  of  hcrties  and  of  men,  the  fiii-nd  of  your  youth,  the 
more  than  friend  of  his  country,  rests  in  thi'  bosom  of  the  soil  ho 
redeemed.  On  the  l-nmUs  of  the  Potoniar  In-  lies  in  glory  and  peace. 
You  \vill  revisit  thi.'  hospitable  shades  of  Mount  Vernon,  but  him  | 
■whom  you  venerated  as  we  did,  you  will  meet  not  at  its  door.  His 
voice  of  cunsohitidii.  which  reached  you  in  the  dungeons  of  Olniiit/., 
cannot  now  l>n:tlt  its  silency  to  bid  you  welcome  to  his  own  roof. 
But  the  |_'r;iieriil  .liildi'en  of  America  will  bid  you  welcome  to  our 
shores!  :uii.i  whilheisuever  your  course  shall  take  you.  throughout 
the  limits  of  the  contineut.  the  ear  that  hears  you  shall  bless  you, 
the  eye  that  sees  ynu  shall  give  witness  to  you.  and  every  tongue 
exclaim,  with  heartfelt  joy.  'Welcome!  welcome.  L.i  Fayette!'"       | 

A  review  of  thi.s  oratiou,  and  of  one  delivered  at  Ply- 
mouih  in  December  of  the  same  year,  will  be  found  in  the 
North  American  Review  fur  April,  183o.  To  recommend 
its  perusal  to  the  reader,  nothing  nmre  need  be  said  than 
to  give  the  name  of  its  author — Jared  Spark.s.  Mr.  Eve-  j 
rett's  successor  in  the  presidency  of  Harvard  College.  We 
quote  a  few  lines  from  the  conclusion  : 

"Pi'ofessor  Everett's  recapitulatory  remark.s  and  clasiuE;  reflec- 
tions are  uttered  in  a  style  of  uncommon  brilliancy  and  richness; 
they  inculcate  lofty  and  animating  sentiments,  and  constitute 
altogether  a  rai'e  specimen  of  elot^uence  and  fine  writing.' 

Perhaps  one  of  the  best  reviews  of  Mr.  Everett's  Ora- 
tions  is  that  by   Prof.  E.   Laboulaye.   of  the   College  of 
France,  in  the  Journal  des  D6bats,  Oi-t.  6,  lS5li.     We  re-  , 
gret  tliat  we  can  find  room  for  a  brief  extract  only:  ! 

'"11  est  curieux  de  suivre  la  vie  publique  dun  tel  homme,  et 
c'est  ce  qu'il  est  aise  de  I'aire  dans  les  deux  v<  lumes  que  nous  avons 
sous  les  yeux.  11  n'y  a  I^  ni  ses  teuvres  litteraires  ni  ses  harangues 
politiques,  mais  seulement  les  discoiirs  que  depuis  trente  ansa 
prononces  M.  Kverett  chaque  fois  qu'il  s'est  trouve  en  rapport; 
avec  ses  concitoyens.  Les  sujets  sont  naturellement  tr&s  varies,  | 
la  pensee  y  est  toujours  la  meme;  tout  s'y  reduit  k  un  seul  point,  ; 
leducation  intellectuelle.  morale,  patriotique,  du  peuple.  L'unit6  j 
est  dans  la  pamle  commo  elle  est  dans  la  vie  de  Tauteur."  I 

An  eloquent  review  of  Mr.  Everett's  orations,  by  Pro- 
fessor Felton,  will  be  found  in  the  N.  American  Keview  i 
for  October,  ISoO,  and  an  admirable  analysis  of  his  mental ' 
characteristics  and  oratorical  style,  by  a  distinguished 
critic,  himself  an  orator  of  renown,  occurs  in  the  same 
periodical  fur  January,  1837.  We  give  a  brief  extract 
from  the  latter: 

"  The  great  charm  of  Mr.  Everett's  orations  consists  not  so  much, 
in  any  single  and  sti-ougly-developed  intellectual  trait  as  in  that 
symmetry  and  finish  which,  on  every  page,  give  token  of  the 
richly-endowed  and  thorough  scholar.  The  natural  movements 
of  his  mind  are  full  of  grace;  and  the  most  inditTerent  sentence 
which  falls  from  his  peu  has  that  simple  elegance  which  it  is  as 
difficult  to  define  as  it  is  easy  to  perceive,  llis  level  passage6  are 
never  tame,  and  his  fine  ones  are  never  superfine.  His  stvle.  with 
matchless  Hexit'ility,  rises  and  falls  with  his  subject,  and  is  alter- 
nately easy,  vivid,  elevated,  ornamented,  or  picturesque;  adapting 
itself  to  the  dominant  mood  of  the  mind,  as  an  instrument  re- 
sponds to  the  touch  of  a  master's  hand.  His  knowledge  is  so 
extensive,  and  the  field  of  his  allusions  so  wide,  that  the  most 
familiar  views,  in  passing  through  his  hands,  gather  such  a  halo  of 
luminous  illustrrtiions.  that  their  likeness  seem«  transti^rmed.and 
weentertain  d.ivilitsofth.'ir  identity."— Georoe  Stiixman  Hillard. 

Mr.  Tuckerman  also  notices  this  remarkable  power  of 
adaptation  to  subjects  the  most  incongruous,  which  Mr. 
Everett's  mind  exhibits  in  so  eminent  a  degree: 

"  If  Webster  is  the  Michael  Angelo  of  American  oratory,  Everett 
is  the  Itaphael.  In  the  former's  definitiou  of  eloquence,  he  recog- 
nises its  latent  existence  in  the  occasion  as  well  as  in  the  man  and 
in  the  subject.  His  own  oratory  is  remarkable  for  grasping  the 
bold  and  essential;  for  developing,  as  it  were,  the  anatomical  basis 
^the  very  sinews  and  nerves  of  his  subject — while  Everett  in- 
stinctively catches  and  unfolds  the  grace  of  occasion,  whatever  it 
he;  in  his  mind  the  sense  of  beauty  is  vivid,  and  nothing  is  more 
surprising  in  his  oratory  than  the  ease  and  facility  with  which  he 
seizes  upon  the  redeeming  associations  of  every  topic,  however  far 
removed  it  may  he  from  the  legitimate  domain  of  taste  or  scholar- 
ship."— Characteristics  of  Literature;  second  series;  The  Orator: 
Everett. 

The  introduction  of  the  name  of  Daniel  Webster  gives 
us  an  opportunity  of  presenting  a  sketch,  drawn  by  this 
eminent  statesman,  of  the  services  and  character  of  the 
subject  of  our  notice: 

"  We  all  rememt>er  him, — some  of  us  personally, — myself,  cer- 
tainly, with  iireat  interest,  in  his  deliberations  in  the  Congress  of 
the  Vnited  States,  to  which  he  brought  such  a  degree  of  learning, 
and  ability,  and  eloquence,  as  few  equalled,  and  none  surpassed. 
He  administered,  afterwards,  satisfactorily  to  his  fellow-citizens, 
the  duties  of  the  chair  of  the  commonwealth.  He  then,  to  the 
great  advantage  of  his  country,  went  abroad.  He  was  deputed  to 
represent  his  government  at  the  most  important  court  of  Europe: 
and  he  carried  thither  many  qualities,  most  of  them  essential,  and 
all  of  them  ornamental  and  useful,  to  fill  that  hiu'h  station.  He 
bad  education  and  scholarship.  lie  had  a  reputation  at  home  and 
abroad.  More  than  all.  he  had  an  acquaintance  with  the  pnlitics 
of  the  world,  with  the  law  of  this  country  and  of  nati-ins,  with  the 
histnry  and  policy  ofthe  countries  of  Europe.  And  how  well  these 
qualities  enal^led  him  to  refiect  honour  upon  the  literature  and 
character  of  his  native  land,  not  we  only,  but  all  the  country  and 
all  the  world,  know.  He  has  performed  this  career,  and  is  yet  at 
such  a  period  ofHfe.  that  I  may  venture  sumethiii^'  npnn  the  cha- 
racter and  privilege  of  my  countrymen,  when  I  jindict  fh.it  those 
who  have  known  him  long  and  know  him  now,  those  who  have 


seen  him  and  see  him  now,  those  who  have  heard  him  and  hear 
him  n"W.  are  very  likely  to  think  that  his  country  has  demauds 
upon  him  for  future  efforts  in  its  service." — Spifch  of  Duni-i  W-bster 
at  the  first  Annivrrsary  Meetimj"/ the  NorfoJJ;  Atjy'icidtural  S'ciety. 

It  is  pleasing  to  know  that  the  friendly,  almost  fraternal, 
relations  which  united  the  hearts  of  these  two  distinguished 
patriots  were  never  disturbed  by  misunderstandings,  nor 
chilled  by  estrangements.  To  this  gratifying  truth  we 
have  the  annexed  touching  testimony.  It  occurs  in  a 
letter  from  Mr.  M'ebster  to  Mr.  Everett,  written  but  about 
three  months  before  the  decease  of  the  former; 

"We  now  and  then  see  stretching  across  the  heavens  a  clear, 
blue,  cerulean  sky,  without  cloud,  or  mist,  or  haze.  And  such 
appears  to  me  our  .icquaintance,  from  the  time  when  I  heard  ynu 
for  a  week  recite  your  lessons  in  the  little  schoolhouse  in  ^hurt 
Street  to  the  date  hereof  [l^lst  July,  ISJli."] 

Referring  to  Mr.  Webster's  hopes  of  future  patriotic 
efforts  upon  the  part  of  the  subject  of  this  eulogium,  we 
may  be  permitted  to  say  that  undoubtedly  the  best  service 
that  Mr.  Everett  can  confer  upon  his  country  is  the  pro- 
duction of  a  great  work  upon  some  broad  question,  with 
which  the  interests  of  humanity  arc  sufficiently  connected 
to  insure  the  preservation  of  the  fame  and  usefulness  of 
the  author,  with  the  vitality  cd'  the  subject.  AVe  are 
pleased,  therefore,  that  Mr.  Everett  has  selected  the  Law 
of  Nations  as  the  topic  of  the  treatise  which  he  is  now  be- 
lieved to  have  in  course  of  preparation.  But  we  cannot 
withhold  the  expression  of  our  hope  that  the  work  will  be 
less  restricted  in  its  field  than  the  author  leads  us  to  infer, 
when  he  informs  us  that  it  will  have  especial  reference 

'■To  those  questions  v^hich  have  been  discussed  between  the 
governments  of  the  United  States  and  Europe  since  the  peace  of 

The  commentaries  of  so  able  and  luminous  an  expositor 
upon  the  text,  original  and  collected,  of  (irotius,  Puffendorf, 
Burlamaqui.  Klul>er,  Ileincccius,  Fulbeck,  Selden,  Luc- 
chesi-Palii,  and  Masse,  would  make  even  the  laymati  in 
love  with  learning  which,  to  his  great  loss,  he  often  re- 
grets as  "beyond  his  line  and  measure."  We  must  con- 
fess that  we  are  altogether  unwilling  to  resign  to  tlie  eru- 
dite gentlemen  of  the  long  robe  all  the  intellectual  pleasure 
and  improvement  arising  from  the  investigation  of  the 
principles  of  "  the  perfection  of  reasoning,"  as  the  law  has 
— rather  ambitiously,  perhaps — been  styled.  Although  a 
laic,  we  have  found  the  philosophy  of  Jurisprudence  well 
worthy  of  the  "  Second  Brother's"  commendation  of  philo- 
sophy in  general,  in  that 

"Perpetual  feast  of  nectar'd  sweets," — 
the  Masque  of  Comus. 

But  to  return  to  Mr.  Everett's  projected  work:  we  con- 
fess that  wc  hope  with  trembling,  when  we  remember  the 
many  instances  in  which  the  great  intellectual  architects 
of  our  race  have  razed  the  half-built  edifice  to  the  ground, 
or  refused  to  finish  its  proportions,  from  a  despair  of  equal- 
ling an  ideal  model,  from  which  the  severity  of  an  e.xqui- 
sitely-refined  judgment  would  tolerate  no  defalcation. 
Much  is  thus  forever  lost  to  the  world,  which  wouM  have 
gladly  profited  by  that  which  has  been  mistakenly  with- 
held. Such  severe  judges  of  their  own  labours  must  con- 
sider not  only  what  their  works  lack  of  perfection,  but  to 
how  great  an  extent  the  minds  of  many  of  their  prospective 
readers  are  deficient  of  even  rudimental  knowledge,  and 
the  perception  of  first  principles. 

To  provide  for  such,  whilst  not  forgetful  of  the  more 
advanced, — to  call  in  the  pour  and  the  destitute,  who  cau 
make  no  recompense,  as  well  as  to  bid  those  who  can 
summon  in  return  to  the  intellectual  feast,— may  nut  be 
so  gratifying  to  ambition,  but  it  fulfils  charity,  and  is  re- 
commended by  the  highest  sanction. 

On  imposing  convocations,  indeed,  Jupiter  entertained 
the  gods  with  ambrosia;  but  the  Diovis  Pater  knew  also 
how  to  prepare  a  feast  suited  to  the  humbler  appetites  of 
mortals.  But  if  there  be,  indeed — though  we  are  persuaded 
better  things — any  well-grounded  apprehension  that  the 
world  is  never  to  behold  the  noble  superstructure  which 
Mr.  Everett  has  long  been  erecting  upon  the  sure  founda- 
tion of  his  deep  and  solid  erudition,  then  we  shall  feel  jus- 
tified in  invoking  the  aid  of  a  potent  champion  on  behalf 
of  a  cause  in  which  the  interests  of  society,  the  science  of 
legislation,  and  the  moral  and  intellectual  improvement 
of  millions,  are  so  deeply  concerned.  Surely  such  an  ap- 
peal as  the  following — an  appeal  so  eloquent,  and  from  an 
authority  always  so  venerable,  and  now  sanctified  by  the 
seal  ofthe  tomb — shall  not  prove  in  vain: 

"You  have,  I  trust,  many  years  before  you  of  health  and  labour. 

What  I  desire  is.  that,  in  addition  to  the  many  beautiful ay 

exquisitely  beau t if lil— specimens  of  your  genius  which  we  have 
had  upon  occasional  topics,  you  would  now  meditate  some  great 
work  for  posterity,  which  shall  make  you  known  and  felt  through 
all  time  as  we,  your  contemporaries,  now  know  and  esteem  you 

571 


EVE 


EYR 


This  should  be  the  crovrninj;  future  purpose  of  your  life.  Sat  vr- 
hum  sajjieufi.  If  I  should  live  to  see  it,  I  should  h;ul  it  with  the 
highest  pleasure.  If  I  am  dead,  pray  renieuilier  that  it  was  one 
of  the  thoughts  which  clung  most  closely  to  me  to  the  very  last." 
~~Jiidge  Sfiiry  to  Hon.  Eciicard  Everett,  Cumhridge,  May  Si),  ihiO. 
gee  Lift-  and  Letters  of  Judge  iStory,  ii.  3o3. 

Everett,  Erastus.  A  System  of  English  Versifica- 
tion, N.  York,  184S,  12mo. 

"This  treatise,  which  we  have  examined  with  some  care  and 
pains,  will  be  found  highly  useful  to  those  who  desire  to  become 
aciiuaiiitt-'d  with  the  l;i\vs  of  KiiL'lish  versification." 

Everett,  Georgre.  The  Pathway  to  Peace  and  Profit, 
or,  Truth  in  its  Plain  Dress.  Lou.,  1694,  4to.  Encourage- 
ment for  Seamen  and  Mariners,  1695,  4to.  ' 

Everett,  James.     See  Holl.\np.  Johx.  \ 

Everett,  John,  a  famous  highwayman,  the  terror  of  | 
benighted  travellers  on  Ilounslow  Heath,  was  executed  at 
Tyhurn,  February  2(1,  1729-30.  "Whilst  awaiting  death, 
he  wrote  an  autobiography  entitled  A  genuine  Narrative 
of  the  memorable  Life  and  Actions  of  John  Everett,  &c., 
Lon.,  IT^jO.  a  notice  of  this  curious  work,  accompanied 
■with  extracts,  will  bo  found  in  the  London  Ketrospective 
Review,  vi.  237,  1S22. 

"Perhaps  future  ages  may  render  classical  the  deeds  of  those 
younger  sons  of  good  families  who,  induced  by  necessity  rather 
than  choi»:e.  '  took  to  the  roatT  in  search  of  money  and  adventure." 
—  Ubi  supra. 

Evershed,  >Vm.     Sub.  of  2  Discourses,  1780,  8vo. 

Eves,  Mrs,  1.  The  Grammatical  Plaything,  ISOO,  8vo. 
2.  Scripture  made  Easy,  1S09,  8vo. 

Eves,  Georfje.     Funl.  Serm.,  Lon.,  1G61,  4to. 

Euart,  John,  M.D.     Cancer,  Bath,  1794,  Svo. 

Ewart,  Rev.  John.  Lectures  on  Psalms,  Lon.,  1822- 
26.  3  vols.  Svo. 

"  Pleasing,  moral,  and  pious." — Lotvnde^s  BHi.  Lib. 

Ewbank,  George.     Serm.,  1661,  4to. 

Ewbank,  Thomas,  United  States  Commissioner  on 
Patents,  was  born  in  the  tower  of  Barnard  Castle,  in  the  ; 
north  of  England,  in  1792.  Descriptive  and  Historical 
Account  of  Hydraulic  and  other  machines  for  raising 
Water,  Ancient  and  Modern;  including  the  progressive 
development  of  the  Steam  Engine,  New  York,  1842,  Svo; 
2d  ed.,  1849,  Svo. 

"It  is  full  of  tlie  gossip  of  the  art:  it  is  just  such  a  book  as  any 
amateur  of  mechanics  would  allow  to  be  open  on  his  table  for  the 
purpose  of  passing  the  little  fragments  of  his  time  iu  occupation 
of  a  light  and  useful  (ioscriptitm." — Lnn.  AtJien. 

The  World  a  Workshop.  N.Y.,  1855.  13mo.  Life  in 
Brazil,  illustrated,  N.Y..  1855.  Svo.  Thoughts  on  Matter 
and  Force.  N.  York,  1858.  See  Lon.  Athen..  1858,  Pt.  2, 
199.  Reminiscences  in  the  Patent-Office  and  of  Scenes  and 
Things  in  Washington.  1858.     In  preparation. 

Ewen,  James.     Ovid's  Heroids,  Lon.,  1787,  Svo. 

Ewen,  W.  >I.  1.  Grace  and  Truth,  Edin.,  1763, 12mo. 
2.  Essays,  Doctrinal  and  Practical,  1767,  2  vols.  12mo. 

Ewer,  John,  Bishop  of  Llandaff,  consecrated,  1761. 
Serm.  on  Prov.  xxi.  31,  1762,  4to;  on  Heb.  xiii.  16,  1766, 
4to ;  on  Rom.  x.  14,  1707,  4to. 

Ewes,  Sir  Symonds  U'.     See  D'Ewes. 

Ewing,  A.     Serm.  on  the  Church,  Forres,  12mo. 

Ewing,  Alexander,  or  Archibald,  teacher  of  Ma- 
thematics, d.  1804,  at  Edinburgh.  1.  Mathematics,  Lon., 
1772,  '99,  Svo.  2.  Arithmetic,  1773, 12mo.  3.  Astronomy, 
Edin.,  1797,  Svo. 

Ewing,  Alexander,  M.D.  Ohserv.  on  the  Harverian 
Doctrine,  in  Reply  to  George  Kerr,  Lon.,  1817,  12mo. 

Ewiiig,  Greville,  1767-1841,  a  native  of  Edinburgh, 
and  a  minister  of  the  Kirk  of  Scotland.  1.  Serm.,  Lon., 
1797,  Svo.  2.  Remarks  on  Dick's  Serm.,  1801.  3.  Greek 
Grammar,  and  Greek  and  Eng.  Lexicon,  Edin.,  1802,  Svoj 
Glasg.,  1812,  Svo  ;  Glasg.  and  Lon.,  1827,  Svo.  See  notices 
in  Orme's  Bibl.  Bib.,  Home's  Bibl.  Bib.,  and  Brit.  Critic. 

4.  Gov't,  &c.  of  the  Church  of  Christ,  Glasg.,  1S07,  12mo. 

5.  Essays  addressed  to  Jews,  Lon.,  1809,  '10,  2  vols.  12mo. 
'■They  display  particularly  a  very  accurate  acquaintance  with 

the  old  Testament  Scriptures,  and  place  many  passages  iu  a  new 
and  often  interestinir  liiiht." — Orme's  Bibl.  Bib. 

6.  An  Essay  on  Baptism.  Glasg.,  1823,  '24,  12mo. 

See  Mem.  of  GreviUe  Ewing,  by  his  daughter,  1843,  Svo. 

Ewing,  James.  Report  to  the  Directors  of  the  Glasg. 
Hosp.  rel.  to  the  City  Poor,  Glasg.,  ISIS. 

"  An  able,  well-written,  and  interesting  report." — McCuttocWs  Lit. 
of  B>lit.  Ec/>n. 

Report  of  a  Com.  on  the  Burgess  Oath,  1S19,  Svo. 

Ewing,  James.  Justice  of  the  Peace,  ^c.  in  N.  Jer- 
sey.    New  ed.,  by  a  mcmlier  of  the  Bar,  N.  Y.,  1848,  Svo. 

Ewing,  John,  D.D.,  1732-1802.  a  native  of  East  Not- 
tingham, JIaryland.  graduated  at  Princeton  College,  1752; 
Minister  of  the  First  Presbyterian  Church,  Phila.,  1758- 
1802;  Provost  of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1779- 
1S02.  Account  of  the  Transit  of  Venus  over  the  Sun: 
572 


Trans.  Amcr.  Soc.  i.  39.  Godfrey's  Quadrant,  ib.  iv.  126. 
Serm.  on  the  death  of  George  Bryan,  1791.  Serm.  in 
Amer.  Preacher,  ii.     Lectures  on  Nat.  Philosophy,  1809. 

"  His  qu;iliti  cat  ions  as  a  minister  of  the  Gospel  were  many  and 
eminent.  Science  was  with  him  a  handmaid  to  religion.  He  wr.s 
mi^'hty  in  the  Scriptures."  See  Linn"s  Funl.  Serm.;  Assembly's 
Miss.  Mag.;  Miller,  ii.  372;  Holmes,  ii.  4il;  Allen's  Amer.  Biog. 
Diet. 

Ewing,  Capt,  Peter,    The  Soldier's  Opera,  1792,  Svo. 

Ewing,  Thomas,  teacher  in  Edinburgh.  1.  The  Eng- 
lish Learner,  Lon.,  1815;  14th  ed.,  1849,  12mo.  2.  Prin- 
ciples of  Elocution,  revised  by  T.  B.  Calvert,  30th  ed.,  Lon., 
1S52.  12mo. 

'•  Its  materials  are  gathered  with  a  tasteful  hand  from  every  pe- 
riod of  our  literature.-' — Lon.  Quar.  Jour,  of  Eilucation. 

3.  Rhetorical  Exercises,  12mo.  The  three  preceding 
works  form  a  consecutive  series.  4.  A  New  System  of 
Geography,  1816;  with  a  new  General  Atlas,  17th  ed., 
1849,  12m*o. 

"  We  can  recommend  Mr.  Ewing's  book  to  the  Geographical  stu- 
dent."— Lfm.  Critical  Beview. 

"  By  far  the  most  elegant  and  accurate  Atlas  which  we  have 
seen  on  a  similar  scale." — Blackwood's  Mag. 

Ewington,  H.  The  Arcana  of  Short-Hand,  1S05, 
12mo.     New  ed.,  ISmo. 

'•This  little  ^vork  is  the  most  perspicuous,  concise,  and  expedi- 
tious method  that  has  been  hitherto  proposed,  and  we  are  per- 
suaded that  we  do  students  of  Short-hand  a  service,  iu  recom- 
mending it  to  their  attention.-' — Artti-Jaoibin  Jfa-ieiv.  Feb.  1808. 

Exall,  J.,  a  Baptist  minister  of  Tenterden.  1.  The 
Spirit  of  Inquiry  assisted, Tenterden,  12mo.  2.  Brief  Cal- 
vinistic  conclusions  on  the  attributes  of  God.  &c.,  1824,  Svo. 

Exall,  Joseph.    Serm.,  Prov.  xiii.  16,  Tenterden,  Svo, 

Exall,  Joshna.     Infant  Baptism,  Lon-..  1693,  4to. 

Exton,  Brudenot,M.D.     Midwifery,  Lon.,  1751,  Svo. 

Exton,  John,  LL.D.,  Judge  of  the  Admiralty.  Mari- 
time Discxnlngie;  or  Sea  Jurisdiction  in  England,  in  three 
books,  Lon..  1B64,  fol. ;  2d  ed.,  1746;  3d  ed..  1755.  Svo. 

Exton,  Richard  Brudenell,  Rector  of  Athelington. 

1.  Bishop   Hall's   Sacred  Aphorisms,   Lon.,   1823,   12mo. 

2.  Sixty  Lectures  on  the  Psalms  of  the  M.  and  E.  Service, 
1847,  12mo. 

*'The  Lectures  are  eloquently  and  piously  written;  and  they 
constitute  an  admirable  source  of  family  t'dification  for  the  even- 
ings of  the  Lord's  Day." — C/i.  of  Emj.  Jt<ur. 

Eyre, Edmund  John,  a  comedian, wrote  The  Dreamer 

Awake;   a   Farce,    1791,   Svo,   a  number  of  other   plays, 

and  some  poems.    See  Biog.  Dramat.,  and  AVatt's  Bibl.  Brit. 

Eyre,  Edward.     Secret  Instructions  of  Frederick  II. 

From  the  French  of  the  Prince  de  Ligne,  179S,  12mo. 

Eyre,  Francis,  d.  1804,  a  U.  Catholic  layman,  of 
Warkworth  C;istle.  1.  Remarks  on  Gibbon's  Decline  and 
Fall  of  the  R.  Empire,  Lon.,  1778,  Svo ;  2.  Appeal  relative 
to  ditto,  1799,  Svo.  3.  Christian  Religion,  1795,  Svo. 
4.  Letter  to  Rev.  R.  Churton,  1795.  5.  Reply  to  the  same, 
1798,  Svo.  The  controversy  was  upon  the  respective  merits 
of  the  Church  of  England  and  that  of  Rome. 

Eyre,  Sir  James,  1734-1799,  Lord  Chief  Justice  of 
the  Ct.  of  C.  Pleas,  was  a  native  of  Wiltshire.  Charge  to 
the  Grand  Jury,  Lon.,  1792,  4to. 

Eyre,  John,  D.D.,  Curate  of  Wylie,  Wilts.  Serms., 
1756,  '58,  '61,  '77.     Composition  of  a'Serra.,  1797,  Svo. 

Eyre,  John.  Remedies  proposed  for  the  Relief  of  our 
Embarrassments,  Lon.,  1813,  Svo. 

Eyre,  Joseph.  Observ.  on  the  Prophecies  relating 
to  the  Restoration  of  the  Jews,  Lon.,  1771,  Svo.  Extracts 
from  this  work  were  printed  in  1823  by  the  London  Society 
for  Promoting  Christianity  among  the  Jews. 

Eyre,  Richard,  a  Canon  of  Sarum,  and  Rector  of 
Burghclere,  Hants.     Serms.,  1713,  *15,  '1(5,  '17,  '26. 

Eyre,  Richard, D.D.,  Rector  of  Bright- Walton,  Berks. 
Serm.,  Lon.,  1707,  4to. 
Eyre,  Robert,  D.D.    Serms.,  169.3,  1700.  Svo. 
Eyre,  Robert,  D.D.,   Rector  of  Buckland,  Surrey. 
Serm.,  1735,  Svo;  4  do.,  173S,  Svo. 

Eyre,  Lt.  Vincent,  R.  N.  1.  Military  Operations  at 
Cabul,  4th  ed.,  Lon.,  1843,  cr.  Svo.  2.  Journal  of  Impri- 
sonments continued  and  concluded,  1843,  cr.  Svo.  3.  Por- 
traits of  the  Cabul  Prisoners,  1843,  Svo.  4.  Prison  Sketches, 
1843,  cr.  Svo. 

"  Lieutenant  Kyre,  whose  name  is  prominently  mentioned  in  the 
celebrated  letter  of  Lady  Sale,  was  a  foremost  actor  in  the  scenes 
of  this  dreadful  tinie,  and  has  described  them  with  the  knowledge 
and  precision  of  an  .iccomplished  soldier,  and  in  the  manner  and 
temper  eminently  suited  to  such  a  narrative — straightforward, 
manly,  unalTected." — Lon.  Examiner. 

"  I  will  ask  you  to  read  the  Narrative  of  Lieutenant  Eyre,  and 
remind  you  of  the  description  there  jiiven  of  the  greatest  disaster 
that  ever  Vfidl  a  British  Army."— SiK  Robert  Pkel,  in  the  House 
of  Ciimmo)is. 

Eyre,  W'm.,  d.  1670,  a  Calvinistic  divine,  a  native  of 
Wiltshire,  entered  the  Univ.  of  Oxf.,  1629,  aged  16 ;  minis- 


ETR 


FAB 


ter  of  8t.  Eilraund's  Clnirch.  .S;il!sbury,  1654;  ejected  for 
noiKdnrcirinily,  10(12.  Epistuhi  ad  Vsseriuin  de  texlus  Ile- 
hraii-i  v:iriiintiliU3  Leetionilms,  Lon.,  1R52,  4to.  The  true 
JustiliiMtinn  of  a  Sinner  exidained,  Ac,  1654;  in  Latin, 
under  the  title  of  Vindicise  Justiticationis  Gratuitee,  1654, 
4to. 

Eyre,  Wm.,  of  Buckingham.     Serm.,  1785,  4to. 

Eyres,  Joseph.  The  Church  Sleeper  awakened;  or, 
a  Perm,  from  Ai't.s  XX.  0,  Lon.,  1059,  12nio. 

Eytoii,  John,  Vicar  of  Wellington,  and  Kector  of  Ey- 
ton,  Sal.>p.  Serms.,  1S05,  '07,  '10.  Serms.  on  various  Sub- 
ject«,  Wellington,  1S15,  2  vols.  Svo. 

Eytoii,  11.  W.,  Kector  of  Ryton.  Antiquities  of  Shrop- 
shirc,  l*ts.  1  to  4,  comprising  vol.  i.,  1854,  r.  Svo;  ii.,  1855j 
iii.,  and  Pts.  1  and  2  of  vol.  iv.,  1856. 


'Myhen  completed  it  will  be  .i  book  wliich  m.iy  find  a  place  in 
every  gentleman's  library  in  the  country  to  whichit  belongs,  with- 
out the  olijectiou  of  enormous  bulb  or  excessive  price." — Lon. 
Alheua'um. 

"  It  is  written  in  that  unalToctcd  and  simple,  yet  lurid  and  forci- 
ble, style,  which  must  recnmiend  it  to  the  general  historical 
reader." — iShrnvshitry  Chronicl''. 

Eyton,  T.  C.'  1.  Hist,  of  the  Rarer  British  Birds, 
Lon.,  1838,  8vo.  This  forms  a  Supplement  to  Bewick's 
British  Birds.  2.  Monograph  of  the  Anatidw,  or  Duck 
Tribe,  Lon.,  1838,  4to.  3.  Lecture  on  Artificial  Manures, 
1844,  8vo.  4.  Herd-Book  of  Hereford  Cattle,  p.  Svo.  VoL 
i.,  1846;  vol.  ii.,  Pt.  1,  1848;  vol.  ii.,  Pt.  2,  1853. 

"The  work  contains  the  lists,  pedigrees,  and  portraits  of  the 
most  celebrated  bulls  of  that  breed,  and  the  prices  at  wbiuh  many 
of  them  were  sold.  It  is  a  very  entertaining  book  to  those  CQD- 
nected  with  Herelbrd  cattle.''— iJonaidsOTi's  Affricult.  Biog. 


E 


Faber,  Frederick  Wm.,  formerly  a  clergyman  of 
the  Church  of  England,  and  now  a  Priest  of  the'Oratory, 
in  the  Church  of  Rome.  1.  Tracts  on  the  Church  and  the 
P.  Book,  Lon.,  1839,  12mo.  2.  Serm.  on  Education,  1840, 
Svo.  3.  Cherwell  Water-Lily,  and  other  Poems,  Lon.,  1840, 
fp.  8vo.  4.  Styrian  Lake,  and  other  Poems,  1842,  fp.  8vo. 
5.  Sights  and  Thoughts  in  Foreign  Churches,  and  Foreign 
People,  1842,  Svo.  6.  Sir  L.ancelot,  a  Poem,  1844,  fp.  Svo. 
7.  Rosary,  and  other  Poems,  1845,  fp.  Svo.  8.  Jesus  and 
Mary;  or,  Catholic  Hymns,  ISmo.  9.  Essay  on  Beatifica- 
tion and  Canonization,  1848,  p.  Svo.  lO.'Oratory  of  St. 
Philip  Neri,  1S50,  12mo.  11.  Catholic  Home  Missions,  1851, 
12mo.    12.  All  for  .Jesus:  3d  ed.,  1855.  12mo.    Other  works. 

Faber,  George  Stanley,  1773-1S54,  Master  of 
Sherhurn  Hospital,  and  Prebendary  of  Salisbury,  educated 
at  University  Coll.,  O.xf.,  was  elected  Fellow  and  Tutor  of 
Lincoln  Coll.  before  he  had  re.ached  his  21st  year.  In  1803 
he  relinquished  his  fellowship  by  marriage;  after  which 
he  acted  for  two  years  in  the  capacity  of  curate  to  his  fa- 
ther, the  Rev.  Thomas  Faber,  of  Calverley,  near  Bradford, 
Yorkshire.  In  1805  he  became  vicar  o'f  Stockton-upon- 
Tees,  three  years  later  vicar  of  Redmarshall,  and  in  ISU 
vicar  of  Longnewton,  where  he  remained  for  21  years. 
For  these  preferments  he  was  indebted  to  the  friendship 
of  Bishop  Barrington.  In  1831  Bishop  Burgess  collated 
Mr.  F.aber  to  a  prebend  in  Salisbury  Cathedral;  and  in 
1832  Bishop  Van  Mildert  gave  him  the  mastership  of  Slier- 
burn  Hospital,  which  he  retained  fur  the  long  term  of  22 
years— being  called  to  his  rest  January  27,  1S54,  in  the 
Slst  year  of  his  age.  Mr.  Faber's  profound  erudition,  ar- 
dent piety,  and  uncompromising  advocacy  of  what  he 
esteemed  the  truth,  rendered  him  an  object  of  respect  and 
veneration  with  all  classes  of  his  fellow-men.  The  follow- 
ing list  of  his  writings  exhibits  in  a  striking  light  the  com- 
prehensive character  of  his  studies.  We  extract  the  titles 
from  the  London  Gentlemen's  Magazine  for  May,  1854, 
where  the  reader  will  find  an  interesting  biographical  no- 
tice of  this  excellent  man  and  useful  writer: 

1.  Two  Sermons,  Feb.  10,  1799.  2.  An  attempt  to  ex- 
plain, by  recent  events.  Five  of  the  Seven  Vials,  Rev.  xvii. 
1,  1799,  Svo.  3.  Horaj  Mosaica; ;  or,  A  View  of  the  Mo- 
saical  Records :  8  Lectures  at  the  Bampton  Lecture,  1801 
2  vols.  Svo;  2d  ed.,  1818,  2  vols.  Svo. 

"  The  leading  obj«t  of  it  is  to  establish  the  authenticity  of  the 
I'entateu.^h,  by  pointing  out  the  coincidence  of  its  lacts  and  state- 
ments with  the  remains  of  profane  anti^iuity.  and  their  connection 
with  Lbristianity.  .  .  .  Whether  the  Hoiw'.Mosaicie  be  considered 
as  a  work  on  the  evidences  of  Christianity,  or  as  furnishing  illus- 
trations of  various  parts  of  the  word  of  God,  its  claims  are  e.iuallv 
deserving  of  regard  from  theChristian  student."— Onus's  iJiW  Bih 

'  Ihose  who  liave  not  the  means  or  leisure  to  consult  the  very 
valuable  works  of  Mr.  Bryant,  Mr.  Maurice,  and  Sir  W.  Jones  iii 
this  line,  will  find  in  these  volumes  many  of  the  most  strikin.' 
fects  brought  together,  and  so  arranged  as  justly  to  corroborate 
and  conhrm  the  events  recorded  in  the  Pentateu,-h.  The  refe- 
rences to  other  authors  are  numerous:  nor  are  these  confined 
solely  to  the  ancients.  Additional  notes  and  illustrations  are  to 
oT'Jc?    ""^  ™*  °f  '"^"^  volume."— Brihs'i  Critic,  xix.,  0.  S., 

pp.  O^-.  OOfl.  '  ,  , 

•■  Erudite  and  evangelical."- Bi'rtcrstett's  (7.  S. 

4.  Divine  Authority  conferred  by  Episcopal  Ordination 
necessary  to  a  legitimate  discharge  of  the  Christian  minis- 
try, a  Serm.,  1802. 

5.  A  Dissert,  on  the  Mysteries  of  the  Cabyri;  or.  The 
great  (jods  of  Phtenicia,  kc,  1803,  2  vols.  Svo. 

"This  work  establishes  the  justice  of  the  remark  made  on  the 
author  s  profound  acjuaintance  with  anti,juitv.  In  this  respect 
It  is  second  only  to  the  .\ncient  .Myth..logy  of  liryaut,  from  which 
It  differs  on  several  important  points,  on  which,  however,  Mr  Bry- 


ant himself  changed  his  mind  after  the  publication  of  his  great 
wiirk.  There  are  many  things,  learned  and  curious,  and  many 
things  also  fanciful,  in  the  'Mysteries  of  the  Cabyri.'"— Orme'j 
BM.  Bih. 

6.  Thoughts  on  the  Arminian  and  Calvinistic  Contro- 
versy, 1803,  Svo.  7.  Dis.scrtation  on  the  Prophecies  that 
have  been  fulfilled,  are  now  fulfilling,  or  will  hereafter  be 
fulfilled,  relative  to  the  great  period  of  1200  years,  the 
Papal  .and  Mahiunedan  Aposlacies.  the  tyrannical  reign  of 
Antichrist,  or  the  Infidel  Power,  .and  the  Restoration  of 
the  Jews,  180C,  2  vols.  Svo;  4th  ed.,  1810:  5th  ed.,  1814; 
vol.  ill.,  ISIS.  Supplement  to  the  above,  1806,  Svo.  This 
work,  the  author  remarks,  is  superseded  by  his  Sacred 
Calendar  of  Prophecy,  1828,  3  vols.  Svo.  See  No.  18.  8. 
Answer  to  Bicheuo,  1S07,  Svo.  9.  View  of  the  Prophecies 
relating  to  Judah  and  Israel,  1S08,  2  vols.  Svo.  Again, 
1809,  2  vols.  8vo. 
"A  very  valnalile  work." — Bickersifth. 

10.  Dissert,  on  the  LXX.  weeks  of  Daniel,  ISll,  Svo.    11. 
On  the  Ordinary  Oiierations  of  the  Holy  Spirit,  1813,  Svo; 
6th  ed.,  1846,  fp.  Svo. 
"  A  valuable  expi-rimental  work." — Bickerafefh. 

12.  The  Origin  of  Pagan  Idolatry,  1816,  3  vols.  4to. 
".\n  elaborate  perfljrmance." — Ornie's  Bibl.  Bih. 

13.  Serms.  on  Various  Subjects  and  Occasions,  1816-20, 
2  vols.  Svo. 

"These  sermons  are  evidently  the  production  of  no  common 
mind.  They  comprise  many  suijects  of  high  importance,  and  are 
handled  with  such  force  of  argument,  and  such  correctness  of  lan- 
guage and  taste,  that  few  persons  will  take  up  the  work  without 
giving  it  an  entire  perusal."— £.»».  Christian  Observer. 

Also  highly  commended  in  the  British  Critic. 

14.  Serm.,  Isa.  Ix.  1-5 ;  the  Conversion  of  the  Jews,  &«., 
1822,  Svo.  15.  The  Genius  and  Object  of  the  Patriarchal, 
the  Levitical,  and  the  Christian  Dispensations,  1823, 2  vols. 
Svo. 

"  This  partakes  strongly  of  all  the  ch.iracteristics  of  Mr.  Faber's 
writings— strong,  masculine  sense,  extensive  classical  erudition, 
and  a  hearty  love  of  hypothesis.  There  is  a  great  deal  said  in 
these  volumes  that  r>iud  be  true,  much  that  may  be  true,  though 
not  proved  to  be  so.  and  many  things  that  we  believe  not  to  be 
true.  He  combats  Bishop  Warburton  very  successfully." — Orm^s 
Bill!.  Bih. 

16.  The  DiCBculties  of  Infidelity,  1824,  Svo. 

'■  A  masterly  and  powerfully-written  treatise,  the  purpose  of 
which  is  to  show,  not  only  that  Infidelity  has  its  own  proper  dilfl- 
cullies  as  well  as  Christianity,  but  that  those  difficulties  are  in- 
comparably greater  and  more  formidable." 

"  Falier's  works  are  full  of  research  and  valuable  matter:  he  is 
an  original  and  pious  writer." — BicWrstetfi. 

17.  The  Difficulties  of  Romanism,  1826,  Svo.  18.  Sup- 
plement to  ditto,  1828,  Svo:  2d  ed.,  1830,  Svo;  3d  ed.,1853, 
Svo.  Trans,  into  French  and  Italian.  An  Answer  to  this 
was  written  by  J.  F.  M.  Trevern,  Bishop  of  Strasbourg, 
trans,  by  the  Rev.  F.  C.  Ilusenbeth,  and  pub.  in  Lon., 
1828,  Svo.  Faber  replied  in  his  Supplement,  and  Mr 
Husenbeth  pub.  several  treatises  upon  the  subject.  See 
Lowndes's  Brit.  Lib. 

19.  Original  Expbatory  !5.acrifice,  1827,  Svo.  20.  The 
Sacred  Calendar  of  Prophecy,  1828,  3  vols.  Svo;  2d  ed., 
1844,  3  vols.  12mo. 

"  Worthy  of  careful  study.  It  throws  much  light  on  the  pre- 
dictions of  the  Book  of  Daniel." — Bickerstetii. 

"Mr.  Faber  h.as  endeavoured  to  combine  together  the  various 
prophecies  both  of  the  Old  and  New  Testament,  wbiih  treat  of 
the  grand  double  periud  of  .seven  times:  a  period  coinciding  with 
those  times  of  the  (ientiles,  which  are  styled,  by  Jlr.  Jlcde,  'The 
Sacred  Calendar  of  Prophecy.'  In  the  present  more  extensive 
work,  the  author  has  rectified  various  errors  in  his  preceding  pul>- 
lications  on  prophecy." — Hornets  Bibl.  Bib. 

See  an  analysis  of  this  work  in  British  Critic,  AprU, 

673 


FAB 

1S33.  21.  Letters  on  the  Catholic  Question,  1829,  8vo. 
22.  Answer  to  Mr.  Ilusenbeth,  1829,  8vo.  See  Nos.  17 
and  18.  23.  Four  Letters  on  Catholic  Emancipation, 
(1829,)  8vo.  24.  The  Fruits  of  Infidelity  contrasted  with 
the  Fruits  of  Christianity,  1S31,  12mo.  25.  Assize  Serm., 
1832,  8vo.  26.  The  Apostolicity  of  Trinitarianism,  1832, 
2  vols.  8vo.  27.  Recapitulated  Apostacy  the  only  Ration- 
ale of  the  concealed  Apocalyptic  name  of  the  Roman  Em- 
pire. 1833,  12mo. 

■•  Falier  lirin','s  arguments  to  show  that  aTTOtrTarn?  is  the  name 
inteudvil  by  St.  John,  and  its  number  mGr—Lown<(<\-i's  Brit.  Lib. 

28.  The  Primitive  Doctrine  of  Election,  183(5,  8vo;  2d 
ed.,  18-12,  Svo. 

"AVe  do  not  hesitate  to  express  our  opinion  that  this  will  be 
found  the  most  useful  of  all  Mr.  Faber's  writings."— i«n.  Christian 
RemembraJicer. 

'•  A  laborious  and  learned  work." — BriU'xh  Critic. 

'  Mr.  Faber  verifies  his  opinions  by  demonstration.    We  cannot 


FAI 

1516.  fol.;  2d.  printed  by  W.Rastell,  1553.  2  vols,  fol.:  3d, 
printed  by  Wm.  Bonham,  1542,  2  vols.  fol.  ;  4th,  printed 
by  John  Kyngton,  1559,  2  vols,  fol.;  5th,  with  a  biocrra- 
phical  and  literary  Preface,  and  an  Index  by  Henry  Ellis, 
1811.  r.  4to.  This  is  from  Pynson's  ed.,  collated  with  the 
other  eds.,  and  a  MS.  of  the  author's  own  time,  including 
the  different  continuations. 

'•  The  tirst  post  in  the  sixteenth  century  is  due  to  Robert  Fabian, 
an  eminent  merchant,  and  sometimeSberiff  of  London.  Both  Dal© 
and  Pits  subdivide  his  historical  writings  into  a  threat  many  seve- 
ral treatises;  but,  I  presume,  what  they  call  his  Ilistorarium  Con- 
cordantiieisthe  sum  of  all.  .  .  .  Ileis  very  particular  in  the  affairs 
of  London,  many  good  things  beinj:  noted  l.y  him,  whiih  concern 
the  government  of  that  great  city,  hardly  to  be  had  elsewhere.'' — 
Bishop  Niailsfm's  Eng.  Hist.  Lib. 

"Our  author's  transitions  from  verse  to  prose,  in  the  coursfi  of 
a  prolix  narrative,  seem  to  be  made  with  much  ease.  and.  ^hi-n  be 
begins  to  versify,  the  historian  disappears  only  l,>y  the  addition  of 
rhyme  and  stanza.  .  .  .  As  an  historian,  our  author  is  the  dull    * 


oav  it  hi"her  respect  than  by  recommending  it  to  all."— CAiircft     of  compilers.     He  is  etiuallv  attentive  to  the  succession  of  the 
^ .•  ,,        .r  ,.  "^  ■  I  n.»^^.c  ^e  t  /^r..i>^n  a .. H  i\f  tha  innii..! ri.lis  of  F.n»rl,.>nn  :  ant!  seems 


of  K'i'j.  <juar.  Review. 

29.'  Jlr.  Husenbeth's  professed  Refutation  of  the  Argu- 
ment of  the  Diffioulties  of  Komanism,  1S36,  Svo.  See 
Nos.  17.  18,  .ind  22. 

.SO.  The  Primitive  Doctrine  of  Justification,  1837,  Svo; 
2d  ed.,  18.39.     31.  Vallenscs  and   Albigenees,  IS.SS,  Svo. 

32.  Tlie   Primitive  Doctrine  of  Regeneration,  1S40,  Svo. 

33.  The  Doctrine  of  Transubstanti.ation,  associated  with 
(34.)  Rcmarlis  on  Dr.  Wiseman's  Lectures  on  the  Doctrines 
of  the  R.  C.  Church,  1840,  Svo. 

*'Tliis  work  will  be  found  full  of  sound  information  and  learn- 
jntr,  well  disposed,  and  broui^ht  with  Rood  effect  on  the  arpumeut. 
The  whole  book  is  written  with  logical  force  and  precision,  and 
the  sopliistries  of  his  antagonist  clearly  detected." — hon.  Gentle- 
ijuzh's  Ma'jiAzine. 

35.  Provincial  Letters,  on  the  "  Tracts  for  the  Times," 
1S42,  2  vols.  12mo:  2d  ed.,  1844,  2  vols.  12mo.  | 

"But  this  much  we  will  say,  that  no  one  desirous  of  fully  un- 
derstandiu'i  the  whole  of  the  controversy  relative  to  the  Tractarian 
School  should  omit  to  procure  these  volumes.  Mr.  Painter  has 
done  well,  both  for  the  Churchman  and  the  Church,  in  drawing 
forth  from  Mr.  Faber  these  Provincial  Letters;  and  Mr.  Faber  has 
proved  more  thau  ever  his  love  of  that  Church  of  which  he  is  a 
sincere  and  euli;;htened  and  high-principled  supporter." — Church 
and  State  Gazette. 

36.  Eight  Dissert,  upon  the  promise  of  a  Mighty  Deli- 
verer, 1845,  2  vols.  Svo. 

"  Mr.  Faber  has  not  confined  his  attention  to  one  branch  of  study 
. — he  lias  taken  the  whole  range  of  prophecy;  and  wherever  pro- 
fane learning  or  Gentile  traditions  could  throw  any  light  on  flie 
subject,  he  has  not  omitted  fully  and  judiciously  to  avail  himself 
of  tile  collateral  helps  for  better  understanding  what  m.iy  be  called 
the  macttinery  of  sacred  visions  and  prophecies;  and  so  more  cor- 
rectly applying  the  highly  wrought  predictions  to  the  truly  corre- 
sponding historical  events." — Ch.of  Eiiel.  Qiuir.  Review. 

37.  Letters  on  Tractarian  Secession  to  Popery,  1846, 
12mo.  38.  A  Reply  to  a  Letter  to  G.  S.  Faber,  hy  Christo- 
pher, Lord  Bishop  of  Bangor,  1847,  Svo.  39.  The  Three 
Unproved  Assertions,  Ac.,  1850,  12mo.  Refers  to  Baptis- 
mal Regeneration.  40.  Many  Mansions  in  the  Home  of 
the  Father,  1851,  Svo.  41.  Papal  Infallibility,  1851,  Svo. 
42.  The  Revival  of  the  French  Emiicrorship  anticipated 
from  the  necessity  of  Prophecy,  1853,  12mo;  4  eds.  in  the 
same  year. 

It  will  he  ohserved  that  Mr.  Faher's  forty-two  publica- 
tions extend  over  a  period  of  fifty-five  years,  t.  e.,  1799- 
1853.  Few  who  have  written  so  much  and  so  long  have 
so  well  maintained  their  reputation.  In  this  conne.xion 
we  may  justly  quote  the  remarks  of  the  author  of  The 
Christian  Preacher : 

"  Mr.  Faber  is  the  most  voluminous  writer  of  the  age.  For  seve- 
ral years  his  publications  have  appeared  with  surprising  rapidity, 
considering  their  nature;  and  yet  not  one  of  them  bears  any  mark 
of  undue  haste.  His  Horo'  Meisaicfp.  Origin  of  Idolatry,  Bitficulties 
of  Komanism.  Difficulties  of  Infidelity,  and  treatises  on  Election, 
Justification,  Regeneration,  .\postolici'ty  of  Trinitarj.anism.  &c.,  are 
among  the  most  valuable  publications  of  modern  times." — Dr.  E. 
WilHams's  C.  P. 

Faber,  John,  Sr.  Portraits  of  the  Founders  of  Col- 
leges in  Oxford  and  Cambridge,  in  mezzotinto,  Lon.,  1712, 
large  4to,  or  small  fol.  They  have  been  printed  with  the  ad- 
dition of  borders,  and  some  of  them  have  been  retouched, 
and  published  by  Parker.     See  Lowndes's  Bibl.  Man. 

Faber,  Nicholas.     A  Woman's  Prophecying,  4to. 

Fabian,  or  Fabyan,  Robert,  d.,  according  to  Stowc, 
1511,  .according  to  Bale,  1512,  an  alderman  of  London,  is 
celebrated  as  the  author  of  Fabyau's  Chronicle,  whiche  he 


mayors  of  London  and  of  the  monarchs  of  Kngland;  and  seems 
to  have  thought  the  dinners  at  Guildhall,  and  the  pageantries  of  the 
city  companies,  more  interesting  transactions  than  our  victories  in 
France,  and  our  struggles  for  public  liberty  at  home." — W-irt^m's 
Hist,  nf  Evq.  Poetry;  and  see  Ilibdin's  Typ.  Anti,i.  of  G.  Brit.,  and 
Sir  Henry  Ellis's  I'reC  to  Fabyan's  Chronicle,  edit.  l.Sll. 

Fackler,  David  Morris.  Letter  to  Rt.  Rev.  G.  W. 
Doane,  Bp.  of  N.  Jersey;  vindicating  his  (F.'s)  priesthood, 
N.  York,  1851,  Svo. 

Facy,  Wm.    Stenography,  1672. 

"This  system  exhibits  no  real  improvement  upon  those  of  its 
predecessors." — Lnwnde^'s  Bihl.  Man. 

Faden,  Wm.     The  Regal  Table,  Lon.,  171S,  12mo. 

Fadeu,  Wm.  G.  1.  The  Brit.  Colonies  in  N.  America, 
1777,  fol.  2-  Geographical  Exercises,  1778,  foh  3.  Atlas 
Minimus  Universalis,  1798,  12mo. 

Fagc,  John.  Speculum  Egrotorum  :  The  Sick  Man's 
Glass,  Lon.,  1606,  Svo;  1638,  4to. 

Fage,  Mary.  Fame's  Rovie,  Lon.,  1637,  Svo.  This 
contains  a  roll  of  420  persons  of  distinction.  Bibl.  .Anglo- 
Poet.,  £311,  q.  V.     Sir  M.  M.  Sykes,  Pt.  1,  1162,  £20  5«. 

Fage,  Robert.     Infant  Baptism,  Lon.,  1645,  12mo. 

Fage,  Robert.  Descrip.  of  the  World.  Lon.,  1658,  Svo. 

Fair,  F.  M.  Abridgt.  of  1st  Rep.  of  the  Commiss.  of 
Cts.  Com.  Law,  Lon.,  1829,  Svo. 

Fair,  George.     Weights  .and  Measures. 

Fairbairn.     Act  for  Arming  the  N.ation,  1803. 

Fairbairn,  John.  Treatise  on  Breeding,  Rearing, 
and  Feeding  Cheviot  and  Blaekfaced  Sheep,  1823,  Svo. 

Fairbairn,  Rev.  Patrick,  of  Salton.  1.  Exposition 
of  the  1st  Epist.  of  St.  Peter,  1836,  2  vols.  12mo. 

"Worthy  of  standing  on  the  same  shelf  with  Ernesti,  Tholuck, 
and  others."— -3/c//i*«Z.  Mag. 

]  2.  The  Typology  of  Scripture,  Edin.,  1S45,  '47,  2  vols. 
12mo;   3d  ed.,  1857,  2  vols.  Svo;  Phila.,  1853,  Svo. 

"By  far  the  soberest,  most  systematic,  and  most  .satisfactory 
work  of  the  kind  which  we  have  yet  seen." — Ch.of  Eng.  Quar.  h'ev. 

"A  learned,  judicious,  and  truly  evangelical  volume." — J.  PtE 
Smitti,  D.D. 

3.  Comment,  on  the  Psalms.  Trans,  from  E.  M.  Heng- 
stenberg,  D.D.,  hy  Rev.  P.  Fairbairn  and  Rev.  J.  Thomson, 
1845-48,  3  vols.  Svo. 

"  We  have  met  with  no  commentator  who  displays  higher  powers 
or  sounder  qualifications  than  Prof.  Uengstenberg." — Churcleman's 
Mantfily  Review. 

4.  Jon.ah,  his  Life,  Character,  and  Mission,  1849,  12mo. 
5.  Ezekiel,  and  the  Book  of  his  Prophecy,  1851,  Svo. 

"  A  work  which  casts  considerable  light  on  one  of  the  obscurest 
portions  of  God's  word." — Kitto^s  Journal. 

6.  The  Revelation  of  St.  John;  trans,  from  E.  W.  Ueng- 
stenberg, D.D.,  Edin.,  1851,  2  vols.  Svo.  7.  Prophecy,  Ac., 
lS5fi,  Svo.     8.  Hcrmeneutical  Manual,  1858,  Svo. 

Fairbanks,  George  R.  Hist,  and  Antiq.  of  the 
City  of  St.  Augustine,  Florid:i,  N.  York,  1S5S, 

Fairchild,  Ashbel  G.,  D.D.  The  Great  Supper: 
three  discourses  on  Luke  xiv.  16-24,  Phila.,  ISmo.  This 
defence  of  the  Calvinistic  systemhas  been  widely  circulated. 

Fairchild,  'rhomas.  On  the  difl'erent  .and  sometimes 
contrary  motion  in  Plants,  Phil.  Tr.ans.,  1724. 

Fairchild,  Thomas.     Serin.,  1757. 

Fairclongh,  Daniel  and  John.     See  Featlet. 

Fairclough,  Samuel.  The  Troublers  Troubled, 
Lon.,  1641,  4to.     Serms.,  1650,  '75. 

Fairfax,  B.    Treatise  of  the  Just  Interest  of  the  Kings 


^yriri^^u";;!  U^rcr^c^nS:^;:  of'ffiX;;;r  Thi;     of  England,'Ac.,1703,12mo     InLaudemBot^icesOratio, 
history  is  divhled  into  seven  portions:  1st  to  6th  inclusive,  .  1717,  4to.     Orat.o  Apologelica,  Ac,  1, 18   4to 
from  fhe  landing  of  Brute  t.'  the  Norm.an  Conquest;  7th,  1      Fairfax,  Brian,  of  Alexandria,  Virginia,  d.  1S02,  aged 
from  the  Conquest  to  the  ye.ar  1485.     In  this  last  we  have     75.     Serm 


the  results  of  his  personal  observations.  Ho  gives  a  copy 
of  verses  as  an  epilogue  to  each  portion,  under  the  title  of 
the  Seven  Joys  of  the  Blessed  Virgin.  Of  the  Chruniclo 
there  have  been  five  edits.— viz.,  1st,  printed  by  Pynsou, 
iU 


in  Anur.  Preacher,  vol.  i. 
Fairfax,  Bryan.  1.  Cat.  of  the  Pictures  of  the  Duke 
of  Buckingham,  Lon.,  1751,  4to.  2.  Cat.  of  his  Library, 
1756,  Svo.  This  library  was  purchased  by  Mr.  F.  Child, 
and  all  the  catalogues  except  twenty  destroyed.     It  came 


FAT 

into  the  possession  of  the  Countess  of  Jersey,  Osterley 
Park.  iMi.Mleses. 

rairlu.v,  lidward,  d.  1632,  the  second  son  of  Sir 
Tlniiu;is  Fairliix,  of  Denton,  Yorkshire,  passed  his  days  in 
lettered  ease  at  his  seat  at  Fuyistone.  He  wrote  a  poetical 
history  of  Edward,  the  Blaclt  Prince,  twelve  eclogues,  a 
Discourse  of  Witchcraft,  some  letters  against  the  Church 
of  Rome,  and  a  trans,  of  Tasso's  Recovery  of  Jerusalem. 
The  letters  seem  to  have  been  the  only  one  of  his  compo- 
sitions which  was  printed,  with  the  exception  of  the  fourth 
of  his  eclogues,  which  will  be  found  in  Cooper's  Muses' 
Library,  1737.  The  trans,  of  the  Recovery  of  Jerusalem 
was  first  pub.  in  1000,  fol. ;  2d  ed.,  162-1,  fol. ;  3d  ed.,  1687, 
8vo.  The  1st  ed.  is  the  most  correct;  the  2d  and  3d  are 
corrupted  by  interpolations.  4th  ed.,  17-19;  more  .iccurate 
than  the  2d  and  3d,  but  occasionally  modernized  by  the 
editor  without  much  taste  or  judgment.  5th  ed.,  by  Charles 
Knight,  from  the  old  folio  of  1600,  1817,  2  vols.  6th  ed., 
retaining  the  old  orthography,  by  Mr.  Singer,  1818,  2  vols. 
7th  ed.,  by  Charles  Knight,  1844,  2  vols.  8th  ed.,  1863, 
2  vols.  Amer.ed.,  last  impression,  1855, 12mo.  TheAmer. 
ed.  gives  the  te.\tof  Charles  Knight's  ed.  from  the  old  folio 
ed.  of  1600.  Prefl.\ed  will  be  found  a  Critique  on  Fair- 
fax's Tasso,  by  Leigh  Hunt,  Charles  Knight's  Lives  of 
Tasso  and  Fairfa.\,  and  (taken  from  Singer's  ed.)  the  Com- 
mendatoi-y  Poem  by  Robert  Gould  to  the  3d  ed.,  and  a 
Poem  entitled  The  Genius  of  Godfrey  to  Prince  Charles. 
To  this  excellent  ed.  we  must  refer  the  reader  for  much 
valuable  information  respecting  Tasso  and  his  translator. 
See  alsoEiog.  Brit,  for  an  interesting  account  of  Fairfax, 
by  Dr.  Kippis.  Few  translations  have  been  honoured  with 
commendations  from  so  many  distinguished  authorities. 
The  names  of  King  James,  King  Charles,  Dryden,  Waller, 
and  Collins,  by  no  means  exhajist  the  list. 

"  iMilton  has  acknowledged  to  me  that  Spenser  was  his  original ; 
and  mauy  besides  myself  have  beard  our  fimious  WaUer  own  that 
he  derived  the  harmony  of  his  numbers  from  'Godfrey  of  Bulloii-ne  ' 
which  was  turned  into  iinglish  by  Mr.  Fairfax."— iJruiicn's  Pnface 
to  hts  Fdhles. 

'•  Fairfax  has  translated  Tasso  with  an  elegance  and  ease,  and 
at  the  same  time  with  an  exactness,  which,  for  that  age,  are  sur- 
prisiug.'— Hume:  Uislory  of  England. 

"  We  do  not  know  a  translation  in  any  language  that  is  to  be  pie- 
ferred  to  this  in  all  the  essentials  of  poetry."— ion.  (JuartiTi^ifemcw. 
"  Fairfax  I  have  been  a  long  time  in  quest  of.  .Tohnson,  in  his  Life 
otVi  aller.  gives  a  most  delicious  specimen  of  him."— Cuaules  LiMc. 
Dr.  Johnson  introduces  the  ciuotation  to  which  Lamb 
refers,  with  the  remark  that  Fairfax's  version,  "after  Mr. 
Hoole's  translation,  will  perhaps  not  be  soon  reprinted." 
For  comparisons  of  the  two  translations  see  authorities 
cited  above. 

"Edmund  [Edward]  Fairfax,  one  of  the  most  judicious,  elegant 
and  haply  m  his  time  most  approved,  of  English  Translators,  bntlj 
for  his  choice  of  so  worthily  extoll'd  a  heroic  poet  as  Tortiualo 
Tasso,  as  for  the  exacln,-,«s  of  his  version,  in  which  he  is  judged  by 
some  to  have  appnivr,!  l,i,„sflf  no  less  a  poet  than  in  what  he 
hath  written  ol  Ins  cmn  '^,nuK:'—PliiUips's  Theat.  rnet. 

Fairfav,  Ferdiuauilo,  Lord,  d.  1648.  1.  Letter  to 
the  Earl  of  Essex,  Lon.,  1643,  4to.  2.  Letter  rel.  to  the 
Victory  at  Selby,  1644,  4to. 

Fairfax,  John.     Life  of  0.  Stockton,  1681,  4to. 
Fairtax-,  Nathaniel,  M.D.     Bulk  and  Selvedge  of 
the  World,  Lon.,  1674, 12mo.   Med.  &,(:.  con.  to  Phil.  Trans 
1667,  '68.  ' 

Fairfax,  Thomas,  Lord,  1611-1671,  the  celebrated 
Parliamentary  general,  was  a  warm  friend  to  learning,  and 
gave  to  the  Bodleian  Library  29  ancient  MSS.  and  49 
modern  ones.  He  was  the  author  of  Short  Memorials  of 
Thomas,  Lord  Fairfax,  Lon.,  1699,  8vo,  and  left  many  theo- 
logical, poetical,  and  other  MS.  compositions.  See  Biog 
Brit.;  Park's  Walpole's  R.  &   N.  Authors;  Bibl.  Brit. 

"One  can  easily  believe  his  having  been  the  tool  of  Cromwell 
when  one  sees,  by  his  own  memoirs,  how  little  idea  he  had  of  what 
he  had  been  iibout."— Horace  Waipole:  R.  d  n.  Aulliors. 

See  also  the  Fairfax  Correspondence,  being  Memorials 
of  the  Civil  War,  from  the  Correspondence  of  the  Fairfax 
Family  with  the  most  Distinguished  Personages  engai^ed 
in  the  contest;  edited  by  Robert  Bell;  fine  portraits  and 
facsimiles,  1849,  4  vols.  8vo,  (pub.  £3.) 

"The  discovery  of  the  Fairfax  i\ls8.  is  an  era  in  modem  literary 
history.  Crowded  with  minute  details  and  inaividual  experiences, 
they  bring  us  closer  to  the  actual  vicissitudes  of  those  stirrin- 
times  than  any  previous  publication ;  and  written,  for  the  mos't. 
part,  at  the  instant,  on  the  field  of  battle  or  in  the  midst  of  councils 
ol  war  they  preserve  a  vigour  and  freshness  which  contrasts  most 
agreeably  with  the  formal  histories  of  the  period  " 

Fairfax,  Thomas.  The  Complete  Sportsman;  or, 
Country  Gentleman's  Recreation,  Lon.,  8vo. 

Fairfax,  Wm.,  eldest  son  of  Edward  Fairfax,  the 
translator  of  Tasso,  tr.ans.  Diogenes  Laertius  out  of  Greek 
into  English.  He  was  grammatical  tutor  to  Thomas  Stan- 
Icy,  the  author  of  The  Hist,  of  Philosophy. 


FAL 

Fairfield,  Miss  Genevieve  Genevra,  b.  1832,  in 
N.  York,  is  the  eldest  daughter  of  Sumner  Lincoln  Fair- 
field. 1.  Genevra;  or.  The  History  of  a  Portrait.  2.  The 
Vice  President's  Daughter.  3.  The  Wife  of  Two  Husbands. 
4.  The  Innkeeper's  Daughter,  Irene,  Ac.  Miss  Fairfield  is 
a  resident  of  the  city  of  New  York. 

Fairfield,  iVIrs.  Jane,  widow  of  Sumner  Lincoln 
Fairfield,  is  a  native  of  Rahway,  N.  Jersey.  Life  of  Sum- 
ner Lincoln  Fairfield,  New  York,  1846,  12mo.  This  is  an 
interesting  volume,  and  does  great  credit  to  Mrs.  Fairfield's 
sensibility  and  conjugal  affection.  She  is  a  resident  of  the 
city  of  New  York. 

Fairfield,  John.  Reports  of  Cases  in  Sup.  Ct.  of 
M.aine.  Hallowell,  1835-37,  3  vols.  8vo. 

Fairfield,  Sumner  Lincoln,  1803-1844,  a  native 
of  Warwick,  Massachusetts,  acquired  considerable  reputa- 
tion as  a  poet.  His  principal  works  are  the  fidlowing  :  1. 
The  Cities  of  the  Plain.  2.  The  Heir  of  the  World,  1828. 
3.  The  Spirit  of  Destruction,  1830.  4.  The  Last  Night  of 
Pompeii,  1832.  6.  The  Sisters  of  Saint  Clara.  A  collec- 
tion of  his  writings  was  pub.  in  Phila.  in  1841.  Many  of 
his  poetical  and  prose  writings  were  originally  pub.  in  the 
North  American  M.agazine,  a  monthly  periodical  conducted 
by  him  for  some  years  in  the  city  of  Philadelphia.  For 
further  particulars  respecting  Fairheld — certainly  a  poet 
of  no  ordinary  rank — we  must  refer  to  the  biography  by 
his  widow,  Mrs.  Jane  Fairfield,  noticed  above. 

"  He  wrote  much,  and  generally  with  commend.able  aims.  His 
knowledge  of  books  was  extensive  and  accurate.  lie  had  consi- 
derable fancy,  which  at  one  period  was  under  the  dominion  of  culti- 
vated taste  and  chastened  feeling."— GnswoWs  I'ock  and  Poetry 
irf  America,  q.  v. 

Fairholme,  George.  1.  A  Genl.  View  of  the  Geo- 
logy of  Scripture,  in  which  the  unerring  truth  of  the  in- 
spired narrative  of  the  early  events  of  the  world  is  exhi- 
bited, and  distinctly  proved  by  the  corroborative  testimony 
of  physical  facts  on  every  part  of  the  earth's  surface,  Lon., 
1838,  8vo.  A  French  trans.,  entitled  Positions  Geologiqiies 
et  Verification  directe  de  la  Bible,  was  pub.  at  Munich  in 
1834,  8vo. 

"  We  strongly  recommend  this  work  to  the  religious  reader  as 
an  armoury  of  facts,  where  he  may  choose  defensive  weapons 
against  the  attacks  of  the  infldel."— ion.  Evang.  Register. 

2.  New  and  Conclusive  Physical  Detnonstr.ations,  both 
of  the  Fact  and  Period  of  the  Mosaic  Deluge,  and  of  its 
hiiving  been  the  only  event  of  the  kind  that  has  ever 
occurred  upon  the  earth,  1838,  8vo;  2d  ed.,  1840,  8vo. 

"Mr.  Faiiholme's  two  treatises  (especially  the  last  1  are  the  most 
scientific  ofall  the  publications  which  liav.-  hilliprlo  been  published 
on  the  subject  of  the  gclogiral  and  olbei-  ])livsir.-d  pioofs  of  the 
universal  deluge  recorded  by  Moses."— -Z/'/r/iL'*-  Uibl.  Bib. 

See  Lord,  David  N. 

Fairholt,  P.  W.  1.  Costume  in  England ;  A  History 
of  Dress  to  the  close  of  the  18th  century,  Lon.,  1846,  8vo. 

"  One  of  the  most  useful  and  interesting  books  we  b.ave  seen  for 
a  long  time." — Lmi,  Literary  Gazette. 

2.  The  Home  erf  Shakspere  Hlustrated  and  Described, 
1847, 12mo.  An  interesting  little  volume.  3.  Remarkable 
and  Scientific  Characters,  1849,  sq. 

Fairlie,  Mrs.  Portraits  of  the  Children  of  the  No- 
bility ;  from  drawings  by  Alfred  E.  Chalon  and  other  emi- 
nent artists.     Edited  by  Mrs.  Fairlie,  r.  4to. 

"The  conception  of  this  publication  was  a  brilliant  idea."— ion. 
Liierary  Gazette. 

"  A  splendid  volume.  It  is  appropriately  dedicated  to  the  Queen, 
and  will,  no  doubt,  speedily  find  its  way  into  almost  every  aristo- 
cratical  mansion  in  the  kingdom." — Eclectic  Rei-ieiv. 

Fairman,  Capt.  1.  Drawback  on  Wine,  1804,  Svo. 
2.  Letters  on  the  existing  Difi'erenccs  between  G.  Brit,  and 
Amer.,  1813,  Svo.     3.  Reduc.  of  the  Forces,  1SI4,  8vo. 

Fairman,  Wm.  1.  Longitude  at  Sea,  Lon.,  1783,  4to. 
2.  Treatise  on  Geography,  use  of  the  Globes,  and  Astro- 
nomy, 1788,  8vo. 

F'airman,  Wm.  1.  The  Public  Stocks  examined, 
Lon.,  1795,  Svo;  Appendix,  1796,  8vo.  2.  Life  Assurance, 
1811,  8vo. 

Fairwheater,  Thomas.     Serms.,  1697,  4to. 

F'aithorn,  John.     Liver  Complaint,  3d  ed.,  1818. 

Faithorne,  Wm.,  1616-1691,  a  celebrated  engraver, 
a  native  of  London.  The  Art  of  Engraving  and  Etching, 
Lon.,  1662.  See  Walpole's  Anecdotes;  Strutt's  Diet.;  Bry- 
an's Diet.;  Spooner's  Diet. 

Faleh,  N.,  M.D.  Latitude  at  Sea,  Lon.,  1771,  4to. 
Seamen's  Medical  Instructor,  1774,  Svo.  Other  works  on 
medicine,  mechanics,  Ac,  1772-79. 

Falcon,  Thomas.     Serm.,  1760,  Svo. 

Falcon,  Wm.     Astrologorum  Ludus,  Lon.,  1571,  4to. 

Falconar,  Harriet  and  Maria.  1.  Poems,  Lon., 
1788,  12mo.  2.  Poems  on  Slavery,  1788,  Svo.  3.  Poetic 
Laurels,  1791,  4to. 

675 


FAL 


ralcoiibridge,Alex.    SlaveTrade,  Lon.,  1788,  8vo.     j 

Falcoubiidge,  Anna  Maria.  Two  Vuyages  to  | 
Sierra  Lecue,  ITHl,  '92,  Lon.,  17il4,  12mo;  1795. 

Falconer,  Sir  David,  of  Newton.  Decisions  of  the  ] 
Lords  of  Council  and  Session,  Nov.  1681-Jan.  1686,  Edin.,  . 
1701,  4to.  . 

Falconer,  David.  Decisions  of  the  Ct.  of  Sessions, 
Nov.  17J:4-Dec.  1751,  Bdin.,  1746-53,  2  Yols.  fol. 

Falconer,  David.  A  Journey  from  Joppa  to  Jeru- 
salem, in  May,  1751,  with  occasional  Notes,  Lon.,  1753, 4to. 
Contains  many  amusing  passages. 

Falconer,  Hugh.  Selections  from  the  Bostan  ot 
Sadi,  Lon.,  1S38,  16mo.  These  selections  comprise  about 
a  third  part  of  the  Moral  Poems  or  chain  ot  Apologues,  the 

Bostan  of  Sadi.  „    ^-r  ,   t-  I 

*'  Sadii  opus  perfectissimum  Rustan." — Gul.  Joms. 

In  conjunction  with  Prohy  T.  Cautley :  launa  Antiqua  ; 
Sivalonis;  in  Pts.,  fol.,  1846,  Ac. 

•■  A  work  ofimmc-nse  labour  and  ,ese.-irch."->^<Mr«s o/ tte  Pre-  i 
sid.-nl  „f  Ih.-  Geulon.cal  Sociel!/  of  Lmulon,  ■MhF,h.,Wa. 

Falconer,  John.  Cryptomenys.s  Patefacta;  or,  ihe 
Art  of  Decyphoriiig  Secret  Writing,  Lon.,  1685,  8vo  ;  IbMJ. 

Falconer,  Magnus.  1.  Experimental  Intpuries  on 
Blood,  ic,  Lon..  1776,  8vo.  2.  Synop.  of  Lect.  on  Anat. 
and  Surgery.  1779,  8vci. 

Falconer,  Capt.  Richard.  His  Voyages,_Danger- 
ous  Adventures,  and  Imminent  Escapes,  Lon.,  1724,  8vo ; 
newed.,  1837,  18mo.  This  is  said  to  be  fictitious.  It  was 
a  great  favourite  of  Sir  Walter  Scott; 

■•  I  have  no  hubby-hcirsi,-a\  commissions  at  present,  unless  if  you 
meet  the  Voyages  of  Capfiii.  Ki.hiir.i  or  Kolwrt  Falconer,  in  one 
volume-' cow-heel,  quntl,  San.-lio'-I  mark  them  for  my  own.  — 
ScoU  to  Daniel  rtrry.  20H.  Oct.,  IHu. 

Scott  had  long  vainly  sought  for  this  coveted  volume: 

"  It  is  very  scarce;  for,  endeavouring  to  add  it  to  the  other  la- 
vourites  of  my  infancy,  I  think  I  looked  for  it  ten  years  to  no  pur- 
pose, and  at  last  owed  it  to  the  .active  kindness  of  Mr.  lerry.  — 

-Many  thanks  for  Captain  liichard  Falconer.  .  .  .  Nothingever 
disturbed  mv  feelings  more  than  when,  sitting  by  the  old  oak 
table  mv  au'nt.  I,adv  liaeburn,  used  to  read  the  lamentable  catas- 
trophe of  the  ship's  departing  without  Captain  Falconer,  iii  cons^^ 
quence  of  the  whole  party  making  free  with  lim,»punch  on  the  eve 
of  its  being  launched."— S»M  (o  Dixvid  Terry,  i\in>.  10,  1814.  See 
Lockhart's  Life  of  Scott. 

Falconer,  Thomas,  1736-1792,  a  learned  layman, 
a  native  and  resident  of  Chester,  England.  1.  Devotions 
for  the  Sacrament  of  the  Lord's  Supper,  1786,  anon.  Many 
eds  2  Chronological  Tables  from  Solomon  to  the  death 
of  Alexander  the  Great,  Oxf.,  1796,  4to.  See  strictures  on 
this  work  in  Rev.  Robert  Walker's  Historical  Time,  Lon., 
1798,  8vo.  3.  Strabouis  Geographia.  6r.  et  Lat.  This 
was  left  unfinished,  but  was  completed  and  pub.  by  Mr. 
F.'s  nephew.  Rev.  Thomas  Falconer. 

"  It  has  been  said  that  this  edition,  so  long  in  preparation,  dis- 
appointed the  expectations  of  the  learned.  Whatever  be  the  fact, 
it  is  vet  considered  as  the  most  valuable  and  ample  edition  of 
Ptrabo,  and  copies  are  not  to  be  procured  under  the  sum  ol  five  or 
six  guineas."— /'i6t/i>i'.<  Inlroduc.  In  Gr.  and  Lat.  Classics. 

4.  Observ.  on  Pliny's  Account  of  the  Temple  of  Diana 
at  Ephesus;  in  Archa'ol.,  vol.  xi. 

Falconer,  Rev.  Thomas,  d.  1839,  nephew  of  the 
preceding.  1.  The  Voyage  of  Hanno,  trans.,  &c.,  0x1., 
1797,  8vo.  2.  Remarks  on  Bryant  on  the  War  of  Troy, 
Lon.,  1799,  8vo.  3.  Strabonis,  see  ante.  4.  Certain  Prin- 
ciples in  Ev.anson's  Dissonance  of  the  Evangelists,  ex- 
amined in  8  discourses,  preached  ISIO,  at  the  Bampton 
Lecture,  Oxf.,  1 81  l,8vo;  Appendix,  1822,.Svo.  Other  works. 
"  To  sav  that  he  has  vanquished  Evanson  is  to  give  but  too  little 
oraise.  We  set  forth  the  volume  as  a  magazine  Irom  which  the 
warrior  in  the  cause  of  truth  m.ay  fill  his  quiver."— £iim.  Clinstiaa 

"Valconer,  Thomas.  On  the  Discovery  of  the  Mis- 
sissippi,   Lon.,  1S44,  12mo.  See  Rich's  Bibl.  Amor.  Nova, 

""Falconer,   Thomas,   and   E.   H.  Fitzherbert. 

Reports  of  controverted  Elections  determined  in  H.  C, 
Lon..  1839,  Svo.  ,.       -„,. 

Falconer,  William,  1730-1769,  the  son  of  an  Edm- 
bur<'h  barber,  at  a  very  early  ago  became  a  sailor  boy  on 
board  a  Leith  merchantman.  When  in  his  18th  year,  he 
was  wrecked  in  the  Britannia  off  Cape  Colonna,  only  three 
of  the  crew  being  saved;  and  in  1760  suHered  a  second 
shipwreck  in  the  Ramilies,  when  of  734  souls  only  26 
escaped.  In  1751  he  pub.  a  Poem  on  the  death  of  Frede- 
rick Prince  of  Wales.  This  sooms  to  have  excited  but 
little  attention.  But  eleven  years  later  be  gave  evidence 
of  the  possession  of  remarkable  poetical  powers  by  the 
publicaticm  of  The  Shipwreck,  (subsequently  enlarged  and 
improved,)  dedicated  to  the  Duke  of  York.  His  royal 
highness  acknowledged  the  compliment  of  the  dedication 

676 


FAL 

by  having  the  poet  appointed  a  midshipman.  After  acting 
in  this  capacity,  and  that  of  purser,  for  some  time,  he  re- 
tired to  the  enjoyment  of  domestic  life,  having  married  a 
Miss  Hicks,  daughter  of  the  surgeon  of  Sheerncss  Yard. 
He  now  pub.  an  Ode  on  the  Duke  of  York's  second  depart- 
ure fr.mi  England,  as  Rear-Admiral,  and  The  Demagogue, 
a  satire  on  Lord  Chatham,  Wilkes,  and  Churchill.  In 
1769  be  gave  to  the  world  A  Universal  Dictionary  of  the 
Marine,  4to,  1771,  '811,  '84,  '89.  New  and  enlarged  ed.  by 
Dr.  Wm.  Burney,  1815,  r.  4to. 

••  A  grand  National  work,  comprehending  every  thing  relating 
to  the  Marine  of  this  country  :  a  performance  which  displays  great 
industry,  sagacity,  and  precision,  and  is  indispensable  to  every  ona 
concerned  iu  maritime  affairs.  It  is  well  worthy  a  place  in  every 
English  library."- iwi.  Gent.  Mat/. 

About  this  time  he  is  said  to  have  received  proposals 
from  John  Murray,  afterwards  the  eminent  publisher,  to 
enter  into  the  book  business.     But  the  ofler  of  the  purser- 
I  ship  to  the  Aurora,  about  to  sail  to  India,  no  doubt  revived 
all  the  sailor's  love  of  the  sea,  and  Falconer  sailed  in  thi3 
vessel  from  England,  Sept.  30,  1769.     She  is  known   to 
have  touched  at  the  Cape,  but  was  never  heafd  of  after- 
wards     She  is  supposed  to  have  foundered  in  the  Mozam- 
biciue    Channel.     It  adds  a  melancholy    interest  to  the 
j  thrilling  scenes  depicted  in  The  Shipwreck,  to  remember 
that  the  author  experienced  all,  not  excepting  the  last  and 
most  fearful,  of  the  horrors  which  he  has  so  graphically  de- 
scribed.    A  second  ed.  of  The  Shipwreck  was  pub.  in  1764, 
Svo;  3d  ed.,  1785,  Svo;  New  ed.,  with  critical  Remarks, 
additional  Notes,  and  the  Life  of  the  Author,  by  the  Rev. 
James  Stanier  Clarke,  1804,  Svo.     Other  eds.  of  The  Ship- 
wreck, 1808,  r.  4to.,  1818, 12mo.     This  last  edition  contains 
an  engraving  of  a  ship,  with  references  to  an  explanatory 
table.     The  v.alue  of  this  auxiliary  to  a  non-nautical  reader 
need  not  be  enlarged  on.     The  other  productions  of  Fal- 
coner have  never  been  highly  estimated.     An  ed.  of  his 
Poems,  with  a  Memoir  by  the  Rev.  J.  Mitford,  (Pickering  s 
Aldine  Poets,  vol.  xxxvii.)  appeared  in  1836,  12mo.     In 
The  Shipwreck,  Falconer  describes  an  actual  occurrence 
in  which  he  was  a  participator— the  wreck  of  the  Britannia 

off  Cape  Colonna :  ,      i,.       »v       ■ 

"  In  all  Attica,  if  we  except  Athens  itself  and  Marathon,  there  is 
no  scene  more  interesting  than  Cape  Colonna.  To  the  antiquary 
and  artist,  sixteen  columns  are  an  insxhaustible  source  of  otiser- 
vation  and  design;  to  the  philosopher,  the  supposed  scene  ot  some 
of  Plato-s  conversations  will  not  be  unwelcome;  and  the  traieller 
will  be  struck  with  the  beauty  of  the  prospect  over  isles  that 
crown  the  Jigean  deep;'  but  for  an  Englishman  Colonna  has  yet 
an  additional  interest,  as  the  actual  spot  of  Falconer  s  Shipwreck 
Pallas  and  I'lato  are  forgotten  in  the  recollection  of  lalconer  and 
Campbell :  ,  .     i 

'  Here  in  the  dead  of  night,  by  Lonna  s  steep, 

The  seaman's  cry  was  heard  along  the  deep. 

(Pleasures  a/ Memory.)"— LORV  BvMy.  . 

"The  Shipwreck  has  been  always  popular,  and  will  remain  so, 
whUe  British  sympathies  are  excited  by  the  hazards  of  those  who 
'  Sweep  through  the  deep. 
While  the  storrov  tempests  blow.' 
It  contains  several  fine  descriptions  of  sceuei-y.  The  characters 
ot  the  oflicers  are  drawn  by  a  masterly  pencil.  'The  episode  of 
Palcmon  and  Anna  is  exquisitely  wrought,  '—a.  C.  Hall. 

The  merits  of  this  celebrated  composition  are  indeed  un- 
deniable. None  but  a  great  poet  could  have  written  The 
Shipwreck,  and  that  great  poet  must  of  necessity  have 
been  a  thorough  sailor.  What  home  and  its  placid  attrac- 
tions are  to  the  landsman,  the  sea  and  the  storm  were  to 
Falconer.  He  delights  in  decking  the  ocean  with  all  the 
terrific  sublimity  and  wild  beauty  of  which  it  is  capable, 
and  then  calling  upon  us  to  admire  the  picture :  our  admi- 
ration may  be  enforced,  but  whilst  we  tremble,  we  cannot 
but  applaud.  .v,        •. 

But  a  higher  value  is  claimed  for  this  poem  than  it 
possesses  as  the  means  of  mere  intellectual  gratification  ; 

'•  It  is  of  inestimable  value  to  this  country,  since  it  coutiuns 
within  itself  the  rudiments  of  navigation :  if  not  sufficient  to  form 

.,  ,.,,iiiol.t aman.  it  may  certainly  be  considered  as  the  grammar 

of  Ills  ,1  of.^i'.mil  science.  I  have  heard  many  experienced  officers 
declare  tluit  the  rules  and  maxims  delivered  in  this  poem,  for  the 
conduct  of  a  ship  iu  the  most  perilous  emergency,  form  the  best, 
indeed  the  only,  opinions  which  a  skilful  mariuer  should  adopt.  — 
See  Clarke's  ed.  of  The  Shipwreck. 

Falconer,  Wm.,  M.D.,  1743-1824,  a  native  of  Chester, 

and  a  brother  of  the  Rev.  Thomas  Falconer,  the  reviewer 
of  Evanson's  Dis.s(manco  of  the  Gospels,  pub.  many  medi- 
cal treatises  and  other  works,  on  natural  history,  theology, 
Ac,  a  list  of  which  will  be  found  in  the  Bibl.  Brit.,  and 
in  Gent.  Mag.  for  Oct.  1824.  1.  Remarks  on  the  Influ- 
ence of  Climate,  Ac.  on  Mankind,  Lon.,  1781,  4to.  2.  An 
Essay  on  the  preservation  of  the  Health  of  persons  engaged 
iu  Agriculture,  Ac,  17S9,  Svo. 

"The  author  discusses  the  employment  of  rural  lalxiurers,  tlieir 
diet,  accommodation,  and  medical  tTenlmenV-Donaldson  s  Jgn- 
\  cuU.  liufg. 


FAL 


FAN 


3.  Miscellaneons  Tracts  and  Collections  on  Nat.  History 
from  the  prioripal  writers  of  Antiquity,  179.'^,  4to. 

He  was  noted  for  his  large  stock  of  general  information, 
and  an  eminent  friend,  at  whose  table  he  often  dined, 
declared  that 

"He  never  saw  such  a  man:  that  he  knew  evfry  thing,  and 
knew  it  better  than  any  one  else." — Lord  TuuRLtnv. 

Faltlo,  Johu.  1.  Quakerism  no  Christianity,  Lon., 
1675,  8vo.  2.  21  Divines  cleared  from  the  Crimination  of 
W.  Penn.  Ifi7r..  Svo. 

FalUo,  Thomas.  Reformation  of  Courts  of  Justice 
and  Prufee"ling.s  at  Law,  1649,  4to. 

Fale,  Robert.  Report  rel.  to  Brit.  Fishery,  Lon., 
17S6.  Sv(K 

Fale,  Thomas.  Art  of  Dialling,  Lon.,  1503, 4to.  1626. 

Fales,  Faiiuy.    See  Swift,  Mrs.  Frances  Eliza- 

BRTH. 

Falgate,  Isaac.  Interest,  1G99,  Svo.  Tables  of 
do.,  12nio. 

Falkener,  a  surgeon.  Case  of  IIydru]>huliia  success- 
fully treated  ;    Med.  Trans.,  1772. 

Falkener,  EdAVartl.  I.  Museum  of  Classical  Anti- 
quities: a  series  of  Papers  on  Ancient  Art,  edited  by  E. 
F.,  Lon.,  1855,  r.  Svo. 

2.  Descrip.  of  some  important  Theatres  and  other  Re- 
mains in  Crete;  being  a  supp.  tu  No.  1,  1S55.  r.  Svo. 

3.  Inscriptiones  Gra^cas  in  itincrc  Asiaticu  collectns  ab 
Edvardo  Falkenero  edidit  Gu.  Heuzenius.  Ronia^:  ex 
annalibus  Archaiologioi,  Ann.  1852. 

Falkener,  or  Falkuer,  Wm.,  D.D.  I.  Libertas 
Ecclesiastica,  Lon.,  1674,  4to.  2.  Christian  Loyalty,  1679, 
Svo.  3.  A  Vindication  of  Liturgies,  1680,  Svo.  4.  Two 
Treatises,  1684,  4to.  5.  Serms.  on  the  Visitation  and 
Burial  Services:  tracts  of  Angl.  Fathers,  iii.  311. 

Falkirke,  Johu  de.  Annals  of  Irish  History,  1535- 
1641.  Lon..  1814.  vol.  i.,  Svo. 

Falkland,  tirst  Viscount.     See  Cary,  Hknry. 

Falkland,  third  Viscount.  See  Carv,  Henry 
Lucirs. 

Falkland,  second  Viscount.     See  Cary,  Lucifs. 

Falkland.     Essay  on  Bigotry,  Lon.,  1791,  Svo. 

Falkland.  Review  of  the  Irish  H.  of  Com.  and  the 
Parh    Representation,   DuM.,  1789-90,  2  vols.  Svo. 

"A  rutious  and  iiitei-esting  work." — Lmondrs^a  l/ihl.  Man. 

Falkland,  Charles,  Viscount.  Consid.  on  the  com- 
petency of  the  Pari,  of  Ireland  ti)  Union,  Lon.,  1797,  Svo. 

Falkland,  W.  Liberia;  aPoem,  1812.  2.  Variety; 
a  Collection  of  Poems.  1812,  Svo. 

Falkner,  Frederic.  In  cunjunction  with  the  Author 
of  British  Husbandry:  The  Muck  Manual  for  Farmers, 
Lon.,  1S43,  12mo.     New  cd.,  1846,  fp.  Svo. 

"A  very  useful  book." — Loud  I'almlrstun. 

*■  Much  reliable  fact,  and  we  i-annut  get  up  from  the  reading  of  the 
work  withoutbeingbenefitod  by  the  task." — Lim.  Gardener's  Guide. 

"A  very  neat  and  comprehensive  work,  and  a  very  creditable 
performance." — Dnndldsan's  Aijriritlt.  Biar/. 

Falkuer,  Thomas,  d.  1 780.  a  Jesuit  missionary  of 
Manchester,  resided  for  nearly  forty  years  in  South  Ame- 
rica. A  Description  of  Patagonia  and  the  adjoining  parts 
of  South  America,  Lon.,  1774,  4to. 

"  V>'e  have  only  to  regret  that  the  information  we  here  receive  is 
not  more  accurate,  and  the  author's  authority,  in  many  cases,  less 
exceptionable." — Lon.  Moii(hhj  Jicvicw,  li.  1774, 

Falkner,  Wm.,  D.D.     See  Falkener. 

Fall,  James.     Scrm..  1764,  Svo, 

Fall,  Thomas.  The  Surveyor's  Guide,  or,  every  man 
his  own  Road-maker,  Retford,  1829,  12mo. 

"A  most  valuable  treatise.  .  .  .  Surveyors  and  farmers  will  be 
much  iulbrnied.  and  repaid  by  the  labour  of  perusing  this  little 
volume." —  Donahhon'ii  A/jricult.  Bing. 

Fallal,  Ferdinando.  Carmina  Colloquia,  or  a  dia- 
logue bet.  the  Devil  and  an  Independent,  Edin.,  1649,4to. 

Falle,  Philip.  1655-1742,  a  native  of  Jersey,  became 
Rector  of  St.  Saviour's  in  Jersey,  of  Shenley  in  Herts, 
and  Preb.  of  Durham.  Serms.,  1687-1715.  Csesarea;  or, 
an  Account  of  the  Island  of  Jersey,  the  greatest  of  those 
islands  that  are  now  the  only  remainder  of  tbo  English 
Dominions  in  France,  Lon.,  1694,  Svo;  with  addits.  and 
corrections,  1734.  Svo.     This  work  is  highly  esteemed. 

Fallow,  T.  HI,,  Curate  of  All-Souls,  St.  Marylebone. 
The  Order  of  Bapti.-m,  both  Public  and  Private,  according 
to  the  use  of  the  United  Ch.  of  Eng.  and  Ireland,  Lon., 
1838,  12mo.  It  includes  Synoptical  Tables,  showing  the 
alterations  in  the  offices  at  the  revisions,  1552,  1604,  '61; 
history  of  the  conferences,  reasons  of  the  changes  made,  Ac. 

*'  If  any  man,  who  5;hall  desire  a  more  particular  account  of  the 
several  alterations  in  any  part  of  the  Liturjiy,  shall  take  the  pains 
to  compare  the  present  book  with  the  former,  we  doubt  not  but 
the  reason  of  the  change  may  easily  appear." — Preface  to  the  Book 
qf  Common  Prayer,  a.d.  ItJtil. 

37 


Fallowes,  Thomas.  Method  of  Curing  Lunatics, 
Lon.,  1705,  Svo. 

Fallowlield,  J.     Christian  Conductor,  1795,  Svo. 

Fallowfield,  John.  Examination  of  Wm.  Taswell'a 
Antichrist  revealed  annmg  the  Quakers,  Lon.,  1723,  Svo. 

Fallstair,  Sir  John.  Orijiinal  Letters  of  Sir  John 
Fallstair.     jiy  the  Kov.  Henry  Bate  Dudley. 

Fanch,  James,  a  Baptist  minister  at  Romsey.  10 
Serms.  on  Practical  Subjects,  Keith,  1768,  12mo. 

"  A  man  of  considerable  learning  and  excellent  judgment.  His 
sermons  are  fine  specimens  of  sound  divinity." — Hist,  of  the  Eng' 
lish  Baptists. 

Fancourt,  Samuel,  1 676-176S,  a  dissenting  minister, 
the  inventor  of  circulating  libraries  in  London,  pub.  several 
serms.  and  thcolog.  treatises,  1720-46,  &c.  See  Lon.  Gent. 
Mag.,  vol.  liv. 

Fane,  Lady  Elizabeth,  wrote  a  number  of  psalms, 
and  pious  meditations,  and  prnvcrlis,  printed  by  Robert 
Crowland,  Lun.,  1550,  Svo,  under  the  title  of  The  Lady 
Elizabeth  Fane's  21  Psalms  and  102  Proverbs.  Ballard  is 
at  a  loss  to  kn(jw  whetlier  this  lady  was  the  wife  of  Richard 
Fane  or  of  Sir  Thomas  Fane.  See  Memoirs  of  British 
Ladies. 

Fane,  Henry  Edward,  late  Aide-de-Camp  to  his 
Excellency  the  Curamander-in-Chief  in  India.  Five  Years 
in  India.  Lon..  1841,  2  vols.  p.  Svo. 

"This  is,  undoubtedly,  the  most  entertaining  work  illustrative 
of  India  we  have  read  of  late  years,  and  exactly  the  sort  of  work 
the  general  read.-T  will  be  sure  to  appreciate." — Lou.  JVew  Monthly 
Maij. 

Fane,  Sir  Francis,  Governor  of  Doncaster,  subse- 
quently Governiir  of  Lincoln,  temp.  Charles  II.  1.  Love 
in  the  Dark;  a  Com.,  Lon.,  1675,  4to.  2.  Masque  for  Lord 
Rochester's  Valoutinian,  1685,  Svo.  3.  Sacrifice;  a  Trag., 
1686,  4to.  Sir  Francis  wrote  a  number  of  poems  also. 
Three  will  be  found  in  Tate's  Collection. 

"  'Tis  not  in  Drauiatick  Toetry  alone  that  our  Author  is  a  Mas- 
ter, but  his  Talent  is  equal  also  in  Lyricks." — Langbaine^s  Eng. 
Dram.  Poets,  q.  v. 

Fane,  Hon.  Jnlian.  Poems,  Lon.,  1852,  fp.  Svo;  2d 
ed.,  with  n<lditi..nal  Notes,  1853,  12nio. 

Fannant,  Edward.  The  liist.  of  the  Life,  Reign, 
and  Death  of  Edward  II,,  King  of  England,  Lon.,  1680,  fol. 

Fannant,  Thomas.  An  Hist.  Relation  of  the  man- 
ner and  form  of  that  memorable  Parliament  which  wrought 
wonders,  begun  at  Westminster,  i;?86, 1641,  4to.  Another 
ed.  same  year,  with  an  addit.  to  the  title.  See  Harleian 
Miscellany. 

Fannin,  John.  A  Harmony  and  Exposition  of  our 
blessed  Lord's  hist  Prophecy,  Dubl.,  1S32,  Svo.  See  this 
noticed  in  Orme's  Bibl.  Bib. 

Fanning,  Golhcrt,  d.  1810,  in  Tennessee.  Correct 
method  of  searching  the  Scriptures.  Editor  of  the  Agri- 
culturist, 5  vols.  Svo,  and  editor  of  and  contributor  to  va- 
rious agricultural  journals. 

Fanshaw,  Sir  Thomas.  Practice  of  the  Exchequer 
Ct.  of  the  offices,  officers.  <tc.,  Lun.,  1658,  12mo. 

Fanshawe,Ann  Harrison,  Lady,  1625-1680,  the 
eldest  daughter  of  Sir  John  Harrison,  and  wife  of  Sir 
Richard  Fanshawe.  Memoirs  of,  written  by  herself,  now 
first  pub.  from  the  original  MS.  To  which  are  added  Ex- 
tracts from  the  Corresp.  of  Sir  Richard  Fanshawe,  Lon., 
1829,  Svo.     Edited  by  Sir  N.  Harris  Nicolas. 

"  A  charming  piece  of  autobiography."— Xom.  New  Mmithly  Mag. 

"Tli.'S.'  Memoii-s  will  probably  take  their  place  by  the  side  of 
Mrs.  Ilufiliinson's  Memoirs,  a  praise  which  the  admirers  of  the 
latter  will  know  how  to  estimate." — Lon.  Spectator. 

"There  is  not  much  in  this  book,  either  of  individual  character 
or  public  story.  It  is,  indeed,  but  a  small  affair— any  way;  but 
yet  pleasing,  and  not  altoj^'etber  without  interest  or  iustruction." 
— Lord  .Ieffrev:  E<lin.  TiViicic. 

AVhen  the  vessel  that  carried  Lady  Fanshawe  from  Ire- 
land to  Spain  was  attacked,  she  put  on  men's  clothes  and 
fought  with  the  sailors. 

Fanshawe,  Catherine,  a  literary  lady  of  the  last 
generation,  was  a  great  favourite  with  the  brilliant  circle 
of  which  Scott,  Southey,  Mackintosh,  and  Joanna  Baillic, 
were  such  distinguished  ornaments.  She  wrote  a  number 
of  poetical  pieces,  of  which  the  Enigma  on  the  letter  H — 
often  ascribed  to  Lord  Byron — is  tho  best  known. 

"Among  the  society  at  once  so  dazzlint;  and  so  charming,  theie 
was  no  name  more  distinp;uished  for  brilliant  and  variuus  talent, 
or  for  every  attractive  quality,  than  that  of  Catherine  Fanshawe." 
— Miss  Miifard's  Becnlbctioits  of  a  Litrrari/  Life. 

Faushawe,SirRichard,1608-1666,husbandofLady 
F.,  see  ante,  was  the  youngest  and  tenth  child  of  Sir  Henry 
Fanshawe,  Remembrancer  of  tho  Exchequer,  and  brother 
of  Thomas,  Lord  Fanshawe.  He  was  educated  at  Jesus 
Coll.,  Camb.,  travelled  on  the  Continent,  and  became  famuus 
for  scholarship  and  knowledge  of  modern  tongues.  Dur- 
ing the  Rebellion  he  fought  in  the  royal  army,  and  was  iu 

577 


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1651  taken  prisoner  at  the  battle  of  Worcester.  At  the 
Restoration  he  was  employed  in  several  ctiplomatio  nego- 
tiations, and  died  at  Madrid  in  1666,  whilst  amliassador  to 
the  court  of  S]iain.  1.  Trans,  in  rhyme  of  Guarino's  II 
Pastor  Fido;  or  the  Faithful  Shepherd.  With  other  Poems, 
Lon.,  1646,  '64,  '76,  8vo. 

"Sir  John  Denliam,  in  bis  Verses  on  this  TransLition,  infinitely 
commeuds  it:  and  tho'  he  seems  to  assent  to  our  Author's  Notions 
touching  Tr.inslations  in  general,  yet  he  shews  that  Sir  IHdiard 
has  admirably  succeeded  in  this  particular  Attempt,  as  the  reader 
may  see  by  the  following  Lines ;  where  after  having  blam'd  servile 
Jrauslators,  be  goes  on  thus: 

'A  new  and  nobler  W.ay  thou  dost  pursue 
To  make  Translations,  and  Translators  to(\ 
They  but  preserve  the  Ashes,  thou  the  Flame, 
True  to  his  Sense,  but  truer  to  his  Fame,' "  A'c. 

Lanf/baine's  Evfj,  Dram.  Poets,  q.  v. 
2.  The  Lusiadj  or  Portugall's  Historical!  Poem,  trans, 
from  Luis  de  Camoens,  1655,  fol.  See  comments  on  this 
trans,  in  Mickle's  Lusiad.  3.  Querer  por  solo  querer;  or 
to  Love  only  for  Love's  sake;  a  Dramatick  Romance. 
4.  Triestas  de  Aranjuez;  these  were  trans,  by  Sir  Richard 
in  1664  from  the  Spanish  of  Antonio  de  Mendoza,  1671, 
4to.  S.  Original  Letters  and  Negotiations  of  Sir  Richard 
Fanshawe,  Ac,  1671,  4to;  1701,  8vo;  1724,  2  vols.  8vo. 
In  this  collection  will  be  found  many  particulars  connected 
with  the  secret  history  of  the  period.  See  Life  of  Sir 
Richard  Fanshawe,  by  Edmund  Turner,  in  Biog.  Brit.,  a 
new  article,  vol.  v.,  1793.  In  some  copies  of  the  account 
of  Sir  Richard's  Embassies  in  Spain  and  Portug.al,  there 
occur  after  the  Preface  two  loaves  entitled  A  Short  Account 
of  his  Excellency  Sir  Richard  Fanshawe,  and  his  Writings. 
A  contemporary  MS.  note  (printed  in  J.  II.  Burns's  Cata- 
logue for  1827)  thus  reads: 

"  These  two  leaves  were  torn  out  by  Mrs.  Fanshawe,  who  is 
mightily  incensed  at  the  Bookseller  [Abel  Roper]  for  printing  them 
without  her  knowledge.  She  thinks  her  father  is  injured  by  this 
Account  of  him.  and  intends  to  publish  an  advertisement  of  it.  for 
which  Roper  threatens  to  sue  her,  alledgiug  'twill  spoil  the  sale  of 
his  books." 

Faraday,  Michael,  the  most  eminent  English  che- 
mist now  living,  born  in  1794,  was  the  son  of  a  poor  black- 
smith. Whilst  an  apprentice  to  a  bookseller  in  London, 
he  attended  the  four  last  lectures  given  by  Sir  Humphry 
Davy  as  Professor  to  the  Royal  Institution.  He  took  notes 
of  these  lectures  and  sent  thom  to  Sir  Humphry,  who  was 
eo  much  pleased  with  his  remtirkable  talents  that  in  1813 
he  appointed  him  assistant  in  tho  laboratory.  Mr.  Faraday 
has  made  many  important  discoveries  in  heat,  light,  mag- 
Botism,  electricity,  Ac.  In  1832  he  was  made  Doctor  of 
Laws  by  the  University  of  Oxford. 

1.  Chemical  Manipuhition,  3d  ed.  revised,  Lon.,  1842,  Bvo. 
"No  student  should  think  of  commencing  the  study  of  practical 

chemistry  without  having  previously  perused  this  indispensible 
guide." — Provincial  Medi&il  Journal. 

2.  Experimental  Researches  in  Electricity.  Reported 
from  the  Phil.  Trans,  of  1831-38;  2d  ed.,  vol.  i.,  1849;  vol. 
ii.,  1844.  3.  Six  Lectures  on  the  Non-Metallic  Elements, 
by  Dr.  Scoffern,  1853,  12mo. 

Farbrother,  Roger.     Serm.,  1697,  4to. 

Fardley,  Wm.  Francis  and  Josepha;  a  Tale.  From 
the  German  of  Huber,  1808,  Svo. 

Farewell.  An  East  India  Colation,  1633.  With  a 
Berm.  by  Farewell  on  tho  Inilians,  Jadis,  £4  19s. 

Farewell,  James.  The  Irish  Hudibras,  or  Fingal- 
lion  Princo,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1689,  Svo. 

Farey,  John,  1766-1826,  an  eminent  surveyor  and 
geologist,  a  native  of  Woburn,  Bedfordshire.  General  View 
of  the  Agricult.  and  Minerals  of  Derbyshire,  Lon.,  1811, 
'13,  '17,  3  vols.  Svo.     Pub.  by  order  of  tho  Bd.  of  Agricult. 

"It  contains  a  very  valuable  mass  of  information  on  the  geo- 
logy of  Derbyshire,  which  is  one  of  the  most  interesting  counties 
in  Britain  to  the  geognost." — Doiiakhon's  Agi-icult.  Bioq. 

Con.  to  Phil,  trans.,  1811 ;  Nic.  Jour.,  1813;  Phil.  Mag., 
1815,-17. 

Faria,  Fenasco.  His  Narrative  about  the  Popish 
Plot,  Lon.,  1680,  fol. 

Fariiulou,  or  Fariiigdon,  Anthony,  1596-1658,  a 
native  of  Sunning,  Berkshire,  was  admitted  scholar  of  Trin. 
Coll.,  Oxf,  1612;  elected  Fellow,  1617;  Vicar  of  Bray, 
Berks,  1634;  ejected  during  the  Rebellion;  subsequently 
pastor  of  St.  Mary  Magdalen,  Milk  Street,  London.  He 
■was  a  most  eloquent  preacher.  Serms.,  vol.  i.,  1647,  fol. ; 
vol.  ii.,  1663,  fol. ;  vol.  iii.,  1673,  fol. ;  2d  ed.  of  vols.  i.  and 
ii.,  with  addits.,  1672,  fol.;  new  ed.,  1S49,  4  vols.  Svo. 

"  A  noted  preacher,  an  eminent  tutor,  and  a  worthy  example  to 
he  imitated  of  all." — .Wien.  Oxfm. 

"  Without  exception,  the  best  preacher  among  the  Episcopal  mi- 
nisters of  that  age.  The  Clergy,  in  their  visits  to  Loudon,  used,  .as 
a  matter  of  course,  to  attend  his  ministry ;  for  his  pulpit  was  called 
'  a  divinity  professoi^s  chair.'  His  sermons  are  a  treasure  of  sacred 
erudition  and  theology."— i?r.  WiUiam^s  C'.P. 


FAR 

"Sanderson  and  Farindon,  to  an  extensive  and  accurate  know- 
ledge of  divinity,  united  an  admirable  judgment,  great  clearness 
of  conception,  and.  above  all,  a  fervent  and  unaffected  spirit  of 
devotion." — British  Ontir. 

Farindon  left  some  MS.  memorials  of  the  life  of  his  friend, 
the  famous  John  H.ales  of  Eton. 

Fariugton.  Religion  of  many  of  the  Clergy  of  tho 
Ch.  of  England,  Lon.,  1707,  Svo. 

Farington,  Joseph,  d.  1818.  1.  Views  of  [20]  the 
Lakes,  Ac.  in  Cumberland  and  Westmoreland,  Lon.,  1789, 
oblong  fol.  2.  The  Lakes  of  Lancashire,  Westmoreland, 
and  Cumberland,  1816,  imp.  4to. 

Farington,  Wm.     Serins.,  Warring.,  1769,  Svo. 
Farish,  Charles.    Toleration  of  Marriage  in  the  Uni- 
versities recommended,  1807, 8yo.    2.  Minstrels  of  Winder- 
mere, 1811,  Svo. 

Farish,  John,  of  Dumfries.  A  Treatise  on  Florin 
Grass,  1810,  Svo. 

"  His  ideas  of  practice  on  the  subject  of  florin  grass  might  pro- 
bably  have  been  worth  being  examined  and  recorded.    They  had 
not  upheld  the  use  of  the  plant."— />onc(Wson's  Af/ricuU.  Bioij. 
Farish,  Wm.     Report  of  Camb.  Bible  Soc.,  1811,'Svo. 
Farley,    Edward.     Imprist.  for  Debt   Unconstitu- 
tional anti  Oppressive,  Lon.,  1788,  Svo. 

Farley,  Harriet,  a  native  of  Cl.aremont,  New  Hamp- 
shire, has  been  for  a  number  of  years  a  contributor  to  and 
editor  of  The  Lowell  Offering,  a  monthly  periodical,  (com- 
menced January,  1841,)  sustained  by  the  literary  labours 
of  the  factory  girls  employed  in  the  mills  at  Lowell,  Mas- 
sachusetts. An  interesting  autobiographic  letter  from 
Miss  Farley  (not  intended  for  publication)  will  be  found 
in  Mrs.  Hale's  Woman's  Record.  In  1847  she  pub.  a  vo- 
lume in  Boston,  containing  extracts  from  the  periodical 
under  her  charge,  including  some  of  her  own  contributions, 
entitled  Shells  from  the  Strand  of  the  Sea  of  Genius.  A 
selection  from  the  Lowell  Offering,  entitled  Mind  among 
the  Spindles,  with  an  Introduction  by  Mr.  Charles  Knight, 
was  pub.  in  London  in  1849.  It  has  been  highly  com- 
mended by  English,  French,  and  German  critics. 

Farley,  Henry.  1.  Complaint  of  Paules,  1616,  4to., 
Reed,  6749,  £2  4«.  2.  St.  Pavles  Chvrch,  her  Bill  for  the 
Parliament.  1621,  4to.  A  curious  collection  in  prose  and 
poetry.     Bibl.  Anglo-Poet.,  262,  £5  6s. 

Farley,  J.  The  Duty  and  Office  of  Church-warden  in 
Ireland,  Dubl.,  1823,  Svo. 

Farley,  or  Farlie,  Robert,  a  native  of  Scotland. 
1.  K.alendarium  Hnmana;  Vita;,  The  Kalendar  of  Man's 
Life,  Lon.,  1638,  sm.  Svo.  This  contains  poems  on  tho 
four  seasons,  in  Latin  and  English.  2.  Lychnocausia.  sive 
Moralia  Facium  Emblemata:  Lights,  Morall  Emblems, 
1638,  12mo.  3.  Naulogia.  sive  Invonta  Navis,  4to.  This 
is  a  Latin  Poem,  inscribed  in  Prose  and  Verse  to  Sir  Ro- 
bert Aytoun. 

Farmer,  A.  W.  Facts  on  the  American  Congress, 
and  the  controversy  with  G.  Brit.  See  Rich's  Bibl.  Amer. 
Nova. 

Farmer,  Henry  T.,  a  native  of  England,  was  for 
some  time  engaged  in  commercial  pursuits  in  Charleston, 
S.  C,  and  subsetjuently  removed  to  New  York,  where  he 
became  a  medical  student,  and  was  licensed  as  a  physician 
in  1821.  Ho  practised  medicine  in  Charleston,  S.  C,  until 
his  death  at  the  age  of  46.  Whilst  a  student,  he  pub.  a 
vol.  entitled  Imagintition :  The  Maniac's  Dream,  and  other 
Poems.  A  specimen  of  his  composition  will  be  found  in 
E.  A.  and  G.  L.  Duyckincks'  Cyc.  of  Amer.  Lit. 

Farmer,  Hugh,  1714-1787,  a  dissenting  divine  of 
great  learning,  a  native  of  a  village  near  Shrewsbury,  was 
for  some  time  a  pupil  of  Dr.  Doddridge.  He  officiated  as 
chaplain  in  the  family  of  Wm.  Coward  of  Walthamstow, 
and  was  minister  to  a  congregation  in  that  village.  Mr. 
Coward  always  closed  his  house  at  six  in  the  winter  and 
seven  in  the  summer,  and  permitted  no  one,  visitor  or  resi- 
dent, to  enter  his  doors  after  the  stated  hour.  On  one  oc- 
casion Mr.  Farmer  was  shut  out,  and  sought  refuge  in  the 
house  of  Mr.  Wm.  Snell.  They  liked  their  visitor,  invited 
him  to  stay  where  ho  was,  and  the  accidental  visit  of  a 
night  extended  to  thirty  years.  This  reminds  us  of  Dr. 
Isaac  Watts's  thirty-six  years'  visit  to  Sir  Thomas  Abney's 
family,  and  Dr.  Johnson's  long  residence  with  the  Thrales. 

1.  Serm.  on  the  Suppression  of  the  Rebellion  of  1746,  '46. 

2.  Christ's  Temptation  in  the  Wilderness,  1761,  Svo; 
3d  ed.,  1776.  3.  A  Dissertation  on  Miracles,  1771,  Svo. 
4.  Exam,  of  Le  Moine's  Treatise  on  Miracles,  1772,  Svo. 
6.  Essay  on  the  Demoniacs  of  the  N.  Test.,  1775,  Svo. 
6.  Letters  to  Rev.  Dr.  Worthington  in  answer  to  his  late 
Treatise  entitled  An  Impartial  Inquiry  into  the  Case  of 
the  Gospel  Demoniacs.  1778,  Svo.  7.  Worship  of  Human 
Spirits  in  the  Ancient  Heathen  Nations,  1783,  Svo.     See 


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FAR 


Fell,  Jobs.  Life  by  Miclmel  Dudson,  1804,  5  vols.  8vo. 
See  this  Memoir,  and  article  in  Biog.  Brit.  He  left  many 
valuable  MSS.,  which  were  destroyed. 

"  The  works  of  F.irmer. are  among  the  most  ingenious  and  learned 
theological  productions  of  the  last  century.  They  contain  many 
things  worthy  of  consideration;  but  at  the  same  lime  they  require 
to  he  read  with  caution.  .  .  .  Our  Lord's  temptntion.  according  to 
Farmer,  was  a  divine  vision;  the  demoniacs  nf  the  gospel  were 
merely  persons  strongly  affected  by  certain  diseases.  .  .  .  The  chief 
opponents  of  Farmer  were  Worthington  and  Fell,  who  were  both 
meu  of  learning,  but  not  equal  to  Farmer  in  acutenessand  com- 
mand of  temper." — Or/ae's  Bihl.  Bib.,  q.  v.  See  also  the  remarks 
of  Bp.  Watson. 

Farmer,  Jacob.     Letter  rel.  to  Irish  Papists,  1642. 
Farmer,  John.     I.  Divers   and  Sundry  Wares,  Ac. 
upon  one  playn  Song,  Lon.,  1591,  Svo.     2.  English  Madri- 
gals, 1599. 

Farmer,  John.  Hist,  of  the  Town  and  Abbey  of 
W.altbam,  and  the  Hist.ofAbbies,  977-1558,  Lon. ,1755,  Svo. 
Farmer,  John,  a  dissenting  minister,  brother  of  Hugh 
Farmer,  was  assistant  minister  at  Fetter  Lane,  London, 
1730,  and  at  Coggeshall,  Esso.x,  1739.  20  Serms.  on  va- 
rious subjects,  Lon.,  1744,  Svo. 

Farmer,  John.  Select  Oases  in  Surgery,  collected 
in  St.  Bartholomew's  Hospital,  1767,  4to. 

Farmer,  John,  1789-1838,  of  Concord.  New  Hamp- 
shire. 1.  Genealogical  Register  of  the  First  Settlors  of  N. 
England,  Lancaster,  M.ass.,  1829,  Svo.  2.  In  conjunction 
with  J.  B.  Moore,  Gazetteer  of  New  Hamp.^hire,  Concord, 
N.  Hamp.,  1823,  12mo.  Mr.  F.  pub.  several  tracts  on  sub- 
jects of  local  history,  and  was  a  contributor  to  the  Collec- 
tions of  the  Mass.  .anil  N.  Hamp.  Hist.  Societies. 

Farmer,  R.  1.  The  Great  Mysteries  of  Godliness  and 
Ungodliness  discovered  from  the  writings  of  the  Quakers, 
Lon.,  1655,  4to.  2.  A  Plain  Dealing  and  Plain  Meaning 
Sermon,  1660,  4to. 
Farmer,  Richard.  Serm.,  Lon.,  1629,  4to. 
Farmer,  Richard,  a  linen  draper  at  Stow-on-tbc- 
Wold,  d.  1814,  aged  49.  The  Soldiers;  an  Hist.  Poem, 
1802,  Svo.  Analysis  of  the  Carbonated  Chalybeate  near 
Stow,  1809,  Svo. 

Farmer,  Richard,  D.D.,  1735-1797,  a  divine  of  e.\- 
tensive  learning,  a  native  of  Leicester,  was  educated  at 
Emanuel  Coll.,  Camb.,  of  which  he  became  Master  in  1775. 
He  subsequently  became  Vice-Chancellor  and  princip.al 
Librarian  of  the  University,  ami  obtained  prebends  at 
Lichfield  and  Canterbury.  He  e.'ichanged  the  latter  for  a 
canonry  at  St.  Paul's.  Both  an  English  and  an  Irish 
bishopric  were  offered  to  him  and  declined.  In  1766  he 
issued  propos.als  for  pnb.  a  History  of  the  Town  of  Leices- 
ter.from  the  MSS.  of  William  [shoulil  be  Thomas]  Staveley. 
He  found  the  work  too  laborious,  aud  gave  his  materials 
to  John  Nichols,  whoso  History  and  Antiquities  of  Lei- 
cester, 4  vols,  fob,  1790-1811,  is  deservedly  valued.  In 
1766,  Svo,  Dr.  Farmer  giive  to  the  world  his  celebrated 
Essay  on  the  Learning  of  Shakspeare,  2d  ed.,  with  largo 
addits.,  1767,  Svo.;  12  copies  on  thick  paper.  Reprinted 
in  1789  and  in  1821.  Also  printed  with  Steevens's  ed.  of 
Shakspeare,  1793,  and  the  eds.  by  Read  in  1803  and  Har- 
ris in  1812. 

The  e-'itent  of  Shakspeare's  knowledge  of  the  classics 
which  he  so  freely  u.sos  had  long  been  a  mooted  point. 
Farmer  hit  upon  the  only  plan  by  which  the  question  could 
be  settled.  He  proves  th.at  Shakspeare  derived  his  know- 
ledge through  trauslations.  and  not  from  the  originals,  by 
showing  that  he  has  cited  the  phraseology,  and  even  the 
errors,  of  the  translators.  We  must  then  agree  with  an 
eminent  critic  who  styles  Farmer's  Essay 

"A  work  by  which  nn  end  is  put  forever  to  the  dispute  concern- 
ing the  learning  of  Shakspeare." — De.  Warton. 

Dr.  Johnson  and  Farmer  were  well  acquainted  with  each 
other;  and  several  letters  from  the  lexicographer  to  the 
Master  of  Emanuel  College  will  be  found  in  Boswell's  Life 
of  the  former.  In  one  dated  March  21,  1770,  we  find  the 
following  reference  to  Farmer's  Essay ; 

"In  support  of  an  opinion  which  you  have  already  placed  above 
the  need  of  any  more  support.  Mr.  Steevens,  a  very  ingenious  gen- 
llem.in.Utely  of  King's  College,  has  collected  an  a'ccount  of  .all  the 
translations  which  Shakspeare  might  have  seen  aud  used.  lie 
wishes  his  cal^iloguo  to  be  perfect,  and  therefore  entreats  that  you 
will  favour  him  by  the  insertion  of  such  additions  as  the  accuracy 
of  your  inquiries  have  enabled  you  to  make." 

We  also  find  the  following  note  in  Langton's  papers : 
"Colman,  in  a  note  on  his  translation  of  Terence,  talking  of 
Shakspeare's  learning,  asks,  'What  says  Farmer  to  this';  What 
says  Johnson?'  Upon  this  he  observed.  'Sir,  let  Farmer  answer 
for  himself:  /  never  engaged  in  this  controversy.  I  always  said 
Shakspeare  had  Latin  enough  to  grammaticise  his  English.'" — 
.See  Boswell's  Life  of  Johnson. 

^  Dr.  Parr  excelled  in  epitaphs  and  other  eulogistic  flou- 
rishes.    He  complimented  Farmer,  both  living  and  dead.  , 


We  regret  th.at  we  lack  space  to  enable  us  to  give  both  or 
cither  to  the  reader.  And,  abas!  wh.at  space  have  wa 
wherein  to  depict  the  wonders  of  Farmer's  library  ?  It 
was  sold  by  Mr.  King,  in  1798,  and  produced  £2210,  which 
was  about  £1700  more  than  it  was  supposed  to  have  cost 

him.     But  for  a  continuation  of  this  ravishing  theme 

ravishing,  if  our  reader  be  a  true  Bibliomaniac — we  must 
refer  to  Dibdin's  Bibliomania.  Those  who  are  so  unhappy 
as  to  be  without  this  volume  deserve  pity,  and — room  or 
no  room — they  shall  have  a  few  linos  about  Rare  Richabl 
Faiimer: 

"How  shall  I  talk  of  thee,  and  of  thy  wonderful  collection,  0 
Rare  Richard  Farmer?— and  of  thy  scholarship,  .acuteness,  plea- 
santry, singularities,  varied  learning,  and  colloquial  powers  I  Thy 
name  will  live  long  among  scholars  in  general ;  and  in  the  bosoms 
of  virtuous  and  learned  bibliomaniacs  thy  memory  shall  be  ever 
shrined!  The  walls  of  Emanuel  College  now  cease  to  convey  the 
sounds  of  thy  festive  wit;  thy  volumes  are  no  longer  seen,  like 
liichard  Smitll's  '  bundles  of  s'ticht  books,'  strewn  upon  the  floor; 
and  thou  hast  ceased,  in  the  cause  of  thy  beloved  Shakspeare.  to 
delve  into  the  fruitful  ore  of  black-letter  literature.  Peace  to  thy 
honest  spirit;  for  thou  wert  wise  without  vanity,  learned  without 
pedantry,  and  joyous  without  vulgarity.  .  .  .  Farmer  had  his  fo- 
ragers, his  jackals,  and  his  avatit-courirrs,  for  it  was  well  kuown 
how  dearly  he  loved  every  thing  that  was  interesting  and  rare  in 
the  literature  of  former  ages.  As  he  walked  the  streets  of  London 
—careless  of  his  dress,  and  whether  his  wig  was  full-bottomed  or 
narrow-bottomed— he  would  talk  and  '  mutter  strange  speeches'  to 
himself,  thinking  all  the  time,  I  ween,  of  some  curious  discovery 
he  had  recently  made  in  the  aforesaid  pn-cious  black-letter  tomes. 
But  the  reader  is  impatient  for  the  l!lm.ioTUKr\  Fahmkuiana." 

Our  readers  also  must  be  iinpalient  lor  the  Bibliotheca 
Farmeriana,  and  procure  it  whenever  the  opportunity  may 
(■ccur,  which,  we  can  assure  them,  will  be  very  seldom. 
It  bears  date  M.ay,  1798,  and  contains  S199  articles— and 
such  articles  !     But  we  forbear. 

Farmer,  Thomas.   The  Plain  Truth,  Lon,,  1763, 4to. 
This  refers  to  the  Ess.ay  on  Women. 
Farmer,  Wm.  Alman.-ick  for  Ireland,  Dubl.,  1587,  4to. 
"  Perhaps  the  eailiest  .41mau.ac  printed  in  or  for  that  countiv." 
—  Wilt's  Bibl.  BHt. 
Farmerie,  Wm.     Serms.,  1710,  '16. 
Farnabie,  or  Farnaby,  Thomas,  1575-1647,  an 
eminent  gr,ammari£in,  a  native  of  London,  studied  for  some 
time  at  Morton  Coll..  Oxf.,  which  he  left  for  a  college  of  the 
Jesuits  in  Spain.     Returning  to  England,  he  taught  school 
alternately  at  Martock  in  Somersetshire,  in  London,  and 
at  Sevenoaks,  in  Kent.     lie  had  charge  of  the  sons  of 
many  of  the  noblemen,  and  acquired  a  liirge   property. 
During  the  Rebellion  he  suffered  imprisonment  as  a  friend 
to  the  monarchy.     He  pub.  several  learned  works— com- 
mentaries on  Juvenal,  Persius,  Seneca,  Martial,  Ovid,  Te- 
rence, .and  Lucian,  Index  Rhetoricus,  1625,  Svo,  Systema 
Grammaticum,  1641,  Svo,  Ac. — for  particulars  of  which 
sec  Athen.  Oxon.,  Biog.  Brit.,  and  Genl.  Diet. 

The  remark  of  his  which  offended  the  Parliament.ari.ans 
was,  that  it  was  "better  to  have  one  king  than  five  hun- 
dred :"  which  shrewd  reflection  is  of  itself  enough  to  prove 
him  a  man  of  excellent  sense.  The  nation  soon  came 
round  to  his  way  of  thinking.  But  good  laws  are  the  best 
kings. 

"  lie  was  the  chief  grammarian,  rhetorician,  poet,  latinisf,  and 
Grecian,  of  his  time;  and  his  school  was  so  much  frciuented,  that 
more  churchmen  and  statesmen  issued  thence  than  from  any  school 
taught  liy  one  man  in  England." — Allfu.  tixoi}. 
Farnaby,Giles.  Canzonets  to  Fovre  Voyces,159S,4to. 
"  Farnaby  assistid  Ravenscroft  in  putting  parts  to  some  of  the 
Psalm-tunes  published  at  the  beginning  of  the  next  century  "— 
Lowndps's  BilA,  Man. 

Farneworth,  Ellis,  d.  1762,  Rector  of  Carsington, 
Derbyshire.  1.  Life  of  Pope  Sextus  V.,  trtins.  from  the 
Italian  of  Gregorio  Leti,  Lon.,  1754,  fob;  Dubl.,  1778,  Svo. 
2.  A  short  Hist,  of  the  Isr.aelites,  trans,  from  the  French 
of  Abb^  Fleury,  Lon.,  1756,  Svo. 

"  This  little  book  contains  a  concise,  pleasing,  and  just  account 
of  the  manners,  customs,  laws,  polity,  and  religion,  of  the  Israelites. 
It  is  au  excellent  introduction  to  the  reading  of  the  Old  Testament, 
and  should  be  put  into  the  hands  of  every  young  person.  Au  ele- 
gant English  version  of  it,  by  Mr.  Farneworth.  was  first  printed 
in  175G,"     Vide  Bishop  Home's  Disanirses,  vol.  i. 

New  ed.,  by  Adam  Clarke,  q.  o.,  1805,  12mo.  3.  The 
Hist,  of  the  Civil  Wars  of  France,  trans,  from  the  Italian 
of  Davila,  1757,  2  vols.  4to. 

"The  great  historian  of  this  time  is  Tavila,  His  work  may  be 
referred  to  in  all  the  more  important  particulars,  especially  with 
respect  to  the  views,  interests,  and  intrigues  of  the  different  leaders 
aud  tactions." — Frof.  Smytirs  LiCf.  on  Mtid.  Hist. 

And  see  Avlesbcrv,  Wm.  ;  Cotterel,  Sir  Charles. 
4.  The  Works  of  Machiavel,  trans,  and  illustrated  with 
Notes,  Anecdotes,  .and  Life,  1761,  2  vols.  4to;  1775,  4  vols. 
Svo.     See  Bedingfield,  Thomas. 

"  We  are  fold  in  the  House  of  Commons  by  Mr.  Fox,  that  the 
authority  of  Machiavel  is  great.  The  founders  of  the  French  Re- 
public, and  refoundei  s  of  it,  seem  always  to  have  had  Machiavel's 
Discourses  or  Livy  in  their  ne\i:'— Pursuits  of  Literature. 

679 


FAR 


FAR 


"Machiavelli.  in  his  history  of  Florence,  instructed  the  Italians 
in  the  art  of  uniting  the  eloquence  of  history  with  the  depth  of 
reflection.  lie  has  attached  himself  much  less  tban  his  predeces- 
sors in  the  same  line,  to  the  narration  of  niilifary  events.  But  his 
work,  as  a  history  of  popular  passions  and  luiuults.  is  a  mastei^ 
piece;  and  Machiavellihas  completed,  by  this  noble  example  of  his 
theories,  his  analysis  of  the  human  heart.  He  has  left  three  come- 
dies, which,  by  the  novelty  of  the  plots,  by  the  strength  and  viva- 
city of  the  dialogues,  and  by  their  admirable  delineation  of  charac- 
ter, are  far  superior  to  all  that  Italy  had  then,  or  has  perhaps  since, 
produced.'' — Sismondi. 

We  lack  space,  and  it  does  not  enter  into  our  plan,  to 
discuss  the  vexed  question  of  the  morale  of  Machiavelli's 
remarkable  productions.  An  excellent  paper  on  the  sub- 
ject will  be  found  aiuonp;  Mr.  T.  B.  Macaulay's  Miscellanies. 

Farnham,  Mrs.  E.  \V.  Life  in  Prairie  Land,  N. 
York,  1846,  12mo.  A  work  of  great  sprightliness,  which 
should  be  read  by  all  who  think  of  "emigrating  to  the 
Western  Country." 

"This  is  a  delij;htful  book,  and  will  afford  most  agreeable  read- 
ing. The  authoress  has  a  quick  eye  and  graphic  pen.  and  describes 
the  statistics  of  a  large  city  or  the  peculiar  mode  of  a  sun-bonnet 
with  the  same  facility  and  pleasantness.'' 

"It  is  made  up  of  a  series  of  charming  and  lifelike  pictures  of  a 
personal  residence  in  the  Far  West — perfect  daguerreotypes  of  a 
settler's  daily  habits.  Ac.  together  with  graphic  sketches  of  travel 
in  various  sections  of  that  fiir-spreading  and  fertile  country.  The 
work  is  enlivened  by  a  rich  vein  of  irresistible  humour,  interwoven 
with  passages  of  great  power  and  eloquent  beauty,  eminently  im- 
pressive and  suggestive." — Dertwcratic  Review. 

Farnham,  Rt.  Hon.  Barry  Maxwell,  Earl  of. 
Examination  into  the  Principles  of  the  Sjieech  of  Lord 
Minto.  <tc.,  Dubl.,  ISOO,  8vo.  See  Park's  AValpule's  R.  k 
N.  Authors. 

FarnAvorth,  Richard,  pub.  a  number  of  theolng. 
treatises,  1653-58. 

Farquhar,  David.  The  Torch  of  Time,  Lon.,  1849, 
12mo.  This  is  one  of  three  excellent  Prize  Essays,  origi- 
nally pub.  in  one  volume,  intended  to  exhibit  the  Temporal 
Advantages  of  the  Sabbath  considered  in  relation  to  the 
Working  Classes.  The  subject  is  one  of  great  importance 
to  the  best  interests  of  Society. 

Farquhar,  Ferdinand.  The  Relics  of  a  Saint:  a 
right  merry  Tale.  Lon.,  1816,  12mo, 

Farquhar,  George,  1678-1707,  a  comic  dramatist, 
the  son  of  a  clergyman,  was  a  native  of  Londonderry.  In 
1694  he  was  sent  to  Trinity  Coll.,  Dublin,  which  he  de- 
serted for  the  boards  of  the  Dublin  theatre.  He  left  the 
stage  in  consequence  of  having  accidentally  stabbed  a 
brother  actor — not  fatally,  however — whilst  playing  Guyo- 
mar  in  the  Indian  Emperor  of  Dryden.  His  friend  Wilks, 
the  famous  actor,  persuaded  him  to  turn  author;  and,  un- 
fortunately for  the  world,  a  lieutenant's  commission,  con- 
ferred upon  him  by  Lord  Orrery,  enabled  him  to  corrupt 
the  age  by  his  licentious  plays,  instead  of  being  obliged 
to  get  his  living  by  some  honest  employment.  1.  Love 
and  a  Bottle;  a  Comedy,  1698.  2.  Constant  Couple;  or, 
Trip  to  the  Jubilee;  a  Comedy,  1700,  '10,  8vo.  3.  Sir 
Harry  Wildair;  or,  The  Sequel  of  the  Trip  to  the  Jubilee; 
a  Comedy,  1701.  4.  Miscellanies;  or,  Collection  of  Poems, 
Letters,  and  Essays,  1702.  5.  The  Inconstant;  or,  The 
Way  to  Win  Him;  a  Comedy,  170.3.  6.  The  Stage  Coach; 
a  Farce,  1704.  7.  The  Twin  Rivals;  a  Comedy.  8.  The 
Recruiting  Officer;  a  Comedy,  1706.  9.  The  Beaux  Stra- 
tagem; a  Comedy.  Works,  containing  all  his  Poems.  Let- 
ters, Essays,  and  Comedies,  10th  ed.,  corrected,  1772,  2 
vols.  12mo.  Farquhar 's  Dramatic  Works  have  been  re- 
cently republished  in  the  same  volume  with  those  of  Wv- 
cherley,  Congreve.  and  Vanbrugh,  Lon..  1849,  r.  8vo,  by 
Moxon.  Prefixed  will  be  found  a  critical  notice  of  his 
Life  and  Writings,  by  Leigh  Hunt,  (see  also  his  paper  in 
the  London  Atheuieum,  January  2,  1841,)  who  has  incor- 
porated into  his  article  Charles  Lamb's  sophistical  aud 
mischievous  essay,  entitled  On  the  Artificial  Comedy  of 
the  last  Century.  The  curious  reader  can  also  consult  the 
Biog.  Brit.,  Biog.  Dramat.,  Cibber's  Lives,  and  Spence's 
Anecdotes. 

"  Farquhar  died  young.  He  improved  in  each  play ;  his  last  was 
the  Iwst.  Had  he  lived,  he  would  probably  have  made  a  very  good 
writer  that  way." — Olmsworth:  Spence's  Anecdotes. 

*'  Considering  the  manner  of  writing  then  in  tashion,  the  purity 
Of  Sir  John  Suckling's  style  is  quite  surprising.— L.  (He  spoke 
of  Farquhar  at  the  same  time  as  a  mean  poet,  and  as  placed  by 
some  in  a  higher  rauk  than  he  deserved.  Mr.  Pope  always  used 
to  call  Farquhar  a  fiirce-writer.") — Ibid. 

*'As  a  writer,  the  opinions  of  critics  have  been  various.  The 
general  character  which  has  been  given  of  his  comedies  is,  that-^he 
success  of  most  of  them  far  exceeded  the  author's  expectations; 
that  he  was  particularly  happy  in  the  choice  of  his  subjects,  which 
he  always  took  care  to  adorn  with  a  great  variety  of  characters  and 
incidents;  that  his  style  is  pure  and  unaffected,  his  wit  natural 
and  flowing,  and  his  plots  generally  well  contrived.  But  then, 
on  the  contrary,  it  has  been  objected"  that  he  was  too  hasty  in  his 
580  -^ 


productions :  that  his  works  are  loose,  though  not  indeed  so  grossly 
libertine  as  those  of  some  other  wits  of  his  time;  that  his  ima;^ina- 
lion.  though  lively,  was  capable  of  no  great  compass;  and  his  wjt, 
thoujih  passal'Ie,  not  such  as  would  gain  ground  on  considera- 
tion."— Biog.  Dramat. 

"  He  seems  to  have  been  a  man  of  a  genius  rather  sprightly  than 
great,  rather  flowery  than  solid.  His  comedies  are  diverting,  he- 
cause  his  characters  are  natural,  and  such  as  we  frequently  meet 
with :  but  he  has  used  no  art  in  drawing  them,  nor  does  there  ap- 
pear .iny  force  of  thinking  in  his  performances,  or  any  deep  pene- 
tration into  nature,  but  rather  a  superficial  view,  ple.isant  enoush 
to  the  eye.  though  capable  of  leaving  no  great  impression  on  the 
mind." — Cibbrr''s  Liven. 

"  Farquhar  is  a  light  and  gay  writer,  less  correct  and  less  spark- 
ling than  Congreve,  but  he  has  more  ease,  and,  perhaps,  fully  as 
great  a  share  of  the  vis  comica.  The  two  best  and  least  excep- 
tionable of  his  plays  are  the  'Recruiting  Officer'  and  'Beaux  Stra- 
tagem.' I  say  the  least  exceptionable;  for.  in  general,  the  tendency 
of  both  Congreve  and  Farquhar's  plays  is  immoral." — Dr.  Blair: 
I^ct.  mi  Jxhel.  and  Belles- Lett  re?. 

We  have  already  given  our  opinion  at  length  upon 
authors  of  this  class  in  the  articles  on  Beaumont  and 
Fletcher,  and  Jeremy  Collier. 

Farquhar,  John,  minister  at  Nigg.  Serms.,  4th  ed., 
edited  by  Drs.  Geo.  Campbell  and  Alex,  Gerard,  Lon., 
1792,  8vo. 

'■A  pood  judge  will  not  be  at  a  loss  to  discern  in  this  preacher 
an  eminent  clearness  of  apprehension,  corrt-ctness  of  taste,  a  lively 
imagination,  and  delicate  sensibility  to  all  the  finest  feelings  of 
which  human  nature  is  susceptible." — Editor's  Pre/ace. 

'■AVe  recolle't  of  reading  his  sermons  the  first  time  with  a  deliG;ht 
bordering  on  enthusiasm.  They  discover  a  cultivated  mind  and 
a  feeling  heart;  much  rational  piety,  and  becoming  zeal  for  the 
eternal  interests  of  man." — Dr.  D.  Sait. 

Farquhar,  Robert  Townsend,  Suggestions  rel.  to 
Pop.  of  Brit.  W.  Indies,  and  abolition  of  Slave  Trade,  1807. 

Farquharson,  George.  Reports  of  Trials,  Ac, 
1808,  '09,  '11,  Ct.  of  Chancery.  Lett.  rel.  to  Lord  Eldon, 
1825. 

Farquharson,  \Vm.,  M.D.  Con.  to  Med.  Com.,  178S: 
to  Mem.  Med.,  1789,  '92. 

Farquharson,  \\n\.  Truth  in  pursuit  of  Colonel 
Wardle,  1810.     Was  he  caught? 

Farr,  Edward.  1.  Version  of  the  Psalms  of  David. 
2.  The  People  of  China.  3.  Bible  Biography,  fp.  8vo;  2d 
ed.,  1847.  4.  Select  Poetry,  1845,  2  vols.  18mo;  1847, 
r.  ISmo.  5.  Jephtheginia,  or  Jephtha's  Daughter,  and 
other  Poems,  1846,  32mo.  6.  Collegiate,  School,  and 
Family  Hist,  of  Eng.,  1S4S,  12mo. 

"Certainly  the  best  school  and  family  history  of  England  we 
have  seen.'" — Lrm.  Critic. 

7.  The  Hist,  of  France.  8.  Manual  of  Geography  fcr 
Schools,  1850,  l2mo. 

Farr,  Samuel,  M.D.,  1741-1795,  a  native  of  Taunton, 
Somerset.  1.  Acids,  Lon.,  17fi9, 12mo.  2.  Animal  Motion, 
1771,  8vo.  3.  Aphorism!  de  Marasmo  ex  Summis  Mcdicia 
CoUectis,  1772,  12mo.  4.  Blood-letting  in  Consumption, 
1775,  8vo.  Dr.  Farr  was  opposed  to  the  practice.  5.  Hist. 
of  Epidemics,  from  Hippocrates,  1781,  4to.  6.  Elements 
of  MediealJurisprudence.  1788,  8vo.;  1811,  1815,  12mo. 
A  trans,  from  the  work  of  Fascelius,  with  addits.  by  Farr. 
7.  On  the  Use  of  Cantharides  in  Dropsical  Complaints, 
Mem.  Med.,  1789. 

Farr,  Wm.,  M.D.  Locked  Jaw  and  Opisthotones ; 
Med.  Obs.  and  Inq.,  1770.  Meteorolog.  Observ.  at  Ply- 
mouth and  Bristol,  1768,  '69. 

Farr,  Wni.  1.  Essay  on  Cancer,  Lon.,  Svo.  2.  Trea- 
tise on  Scrofula,  8vo.  3.  Medical  Guide  to  Nice,  1841, 
12mo.      Mr.  Farr  is  editor  of  the  London  Medical  Annual. 

".Some  of  the  most  elaborate  and  important  papers  in  thw  Annual 
Reports  of  the  Registrar-General  [London]  have  bi-en  written  by 
Mr.  W.  Farr,  and  reflect  the  highest  credit  on  his  ability,  extensive 
mathematical  and  medical  learning,  and  industry." — McCultocWs 
Lit.  nf  Polit.  Econ. 

Farraut,  Henry.  Letters  rel.  to  the  See  of  Canter- 
bury, Lon.,  1716,  4to. 

Farraut,  Richard,  d.  about  1585,  an  eminent  com- 
poser of  music,  was  a  gentleman  of  the  Chtipel  Royal  in 
1564.  Some  of  his  music  will  be  found  in  the  collections 
of  Boyce  and  Barnard. 

Farrar,  Fliza,  the  wife  of  Professor  John  Farrar,  of 
Harvard,  is  well  known  as  the  author  of  The  Children's 
Robinson  Crusoe,  the  Life  of  Lafayette,  the  Life  of  How- 
ard, Youth's  Letter  Writer,  kc.  The  most  popular  of  ber 
volumes  is  The  Young  Lady's  Friend,  first  pub.  in  1837, 
and  frequently  reprinted  in  England  aud  America. 

"It  contains  no  flights  of  fancy,  or  attempts  at  fine  writing,  but 
for  .sound  practical  sense,  expressed  in  good  English,  and  in  a  style 
perfectly  adapted  to  the  subject,  it  is  a  work  worthy  of  Hannah  More 
or  Maria  Edgeworth." — HarVa  Female  Pro.<e  Writers  of  America. 

Farrar,  John,  has  pub.  man^-  valuable  works  (issued 
in  Boston,  Mass.)  on  Nat.  Philos.,  Topography,  and  various 
branches  of  the  mathematics. 

Farrar,  Rev.  John.     1.  Proper  Names  of  the  Bible, 


FAR 


FAU 


2d  ed.,  1844,  fp.  Rvo.  2.  Biblical  and  Theolog.  Diet,  1852, 
12mo.     8.   Ecolesiiistioal  Diet.,  1853,  12mo.  ! 

Farrar,  Richard.     Political  tracts,  1648,  '60.  | 

Farrar,  T.  Hejxjrt  of  the  Dartmouth  College  Case, 
Purtsmuuth,  1819.  Svo. 

Farre,  John  K.,  M.D.     Hydrocele,  1798,  Svo.     The 
Liver,   1812-15,  -Ito.     Saunders  on    tlie    Eye.  1812,  Svo.  , 
The  Heart,  1814,  Svo.     Cynanche,  in  Med.'  Chir.  Trans.,  ; 
1812.  j 

Farre,  Samuel.     See  Farr. 

Farrel,  illrss.  charlotte:  or,  the  sequel  to  the  Sorrows  ^ 
of  Wurter;  aud  other  Poeras.  1792.  4to.  i 

Farrel,  Charles,  M.D.     Ophthalmia,  1810,  '11.  ] 

Farrel,  <-eor^e.     Serm.,  1716,  Svo. 

Farrel,  James  A.     State  of  the  Nation.  1816.  Svo.    | 

Farrel,  John.  Hist,  and  Pulit.  View  of  Geneva  in  the 
18th  Cent.,  fn-m  the  French  of  F.D'Ivernois,  Lon.,1784,  Svo.  ! 

Farrel,  R.     Union  or  Separation,  1798,  Svo. 

Farrel,  R-,  M.D.  Lect.  of  Boyer  on  Diseases  of 
tlie  Bones,  hy  A.  Kii'hmond,  trans,  from  the  French,  Lon., 
1801,  2  vols.  Svo.  Researches  into  the  laws  of  Chemical 
Affinity,  from  the  French  of  C.  L,  BerthoUet.  1804,  Svo. 

Farreu,  Edwin  James.  1.  Hist.  Essay  on  the 
Early  Progress  uf  Life  Contingencies,  Lon.,  1844,  Svo. 

"Thip,  and  Mr.  Milne's  hi5torir:il  account  iu  the  Kncyclopaedia 
Britinnica.  are  the  only  ones  of  which  we  know,  that  treat  the 
Bubject  at  any  len-jth." — Lon.  Athenfrum. 

2.  Life  Contingency  Tables,  Part  1.  Chances  of  Prema- 
ture Death,  1850,  4to. 

Farren,  (-ieorge.  1.  Life  Assurance,  Lon.,  1822,  Svo. 
2.  Statute  made  Easy,  1837,  ISmo.  3.  Key  to  Statutes, 
&e.,  1S37,  18mo.  4.  Handhookfor  Judges,  Barristers,  Ac., 
1839,  Svo.  5.  Bill  of  Costs  in  Chancery,  1840,  12mo. 
€.  Rules  for  Reading  Acts  of    Parliament,    1840,   ISmo. 

7.  Digest  of  Equity  and  Common  Law  Rei)orts,  1841,  Svo. 

8.  Chart  of  Chancery  Practice,  1841,  sheet.  9.  Common 
Rules  and  Forms  for  drawing  Bills  iu  Chancery,  1842, 
ISmo.  Araer.  ed.  with  addits.  adapted  to  U.  States  Cts. 
of  Equity,  itc,  Boston,  1845,  12mo.  This  is  a  reprint  of 
Nos.  9andl0.  See  Barbour,  Oliver  Lorenzo;  Chancery 
Practice.  10.  Common  Forms,  <fec.,  answering  a  Bill  in 
Chancery,  Lon.,  1844,  18mo.  11.  Liabilities  of  Members 
of  Public  Companies  and  Partnerships,  184:4,  12mo. 

Farrer,  E.  The  Trial  of  Abraham;  a  Dramatic 
Poem,  1790.  8vo. 

Farrer,  Isaac.     Serm.,  1768,  Svo. 

Farrer,  John.  1.  Hebrew  Poems,  Lon.,  1780,  4to. 
2.    America;    a   Poem,   1780,   4to.      3.    Serm.,    ISOl,  4to. 

4.  Serms.  on  the  Mission  and  character  of  Christ,  with 
those  preached  at  the  Bampton  Lecture,  Oxf.,  1S04,  Svo. 

5.  Serms.  on  the  Parables.     New  ed.,  1809,  Svo. 
Farrer,  John.     1.  The  Hist,  of  Limerick,  1792,  Svo. 

2.  A  View  of  Ancient  and  Modern  Dublin,  1796,  Svo. 

Farrer,  Mary.  The  Appeal  of  an  Injured  Wife 
against  a  Cruel  Husband,  Lon.,  1788,  Svo. 

Farrer,  Wni.,  M.D.  1.  Med.  treatise  from  Tissot, 
Lon.,  1767,  Svo.     2.   Rickets  in  Children,  1773,  12mo. 

Farrer,  \Vm.,  LL.D.     1.  Brief  Outline  of  the  Study  j 
of  Theology,  trans,  from  the  late  Dr.  Frederick  Schleier- 
mncher,    with    Reminiscences  of  Sehleiermaeher,   by  Dr. 
Frederick  LUeke,  Lon.,  1S50,  Svo. 

"The  work  of  a  t^it;antic  Diind.  It  is  incomparably  the  most 
su<:?est  ire  work  we  ever  read ;  every  sentence  is  a  mine  of  thought" 
— Ki(t"'s  Joiirvid. 

2.  First  Lines  of  Christian  Theology,  by  John  Pye 
Smith,  D.D..  LL.D.,  Ac,  edited  from  the  author's  MSS., 
with  addit.  Notes  and  References,  1854,  Svo.  See  Smith, 
John  Pye,  D.D.,  LL.D. 

Farres,  Capt.  Speech  to  Earl  of  Warwick,  on  behalf 
of  the  County  of  E^sex,  Lon.,  1642,  4to. 

Farreslev,  Thomas.  Modern  Cases  in  Ct.  of  K.  B. 
at  Westminster,  reign  of  Q.  Anne,  Lon.,  1716,  fol.  See 
Modern  Reports,  vd,  viii.,  in  Marvin's  Leg.  Bibl.  520,  and 
Wallace's  Reports,  47. 

Farringloii,  Rev.,  of  Dinas.  Of  the  Char-Fish  In 
North  Wales;   Pl.il.  Trans.,  17.^5. 

Farrinston,  J.     Britannia   Depicta. 
Farriiigton,  John.     Origin  of  the  Grandeur  of  the 
Court  of  Rome.     From  the  French  of  Abbe  Vertot,  Lon., 
1754.  Svo. 

Of  this  eulcbratcd  writer  we  find  the  following  bio- 
graphical sketch  in  Biographic  Universelle,  nouvelle 
edition.  BnixL'lles,  1843-47,  21  vols.  imp.  Svo  : 

"Rene  Anbert.  Abb&  de  Vertut.  celftbre  historien,  nfi  le  25  No- 
venibre.  1655,  au  chatoan  de  Benetot,  dans  le  pays  de  Caux,  em- 
brassa  I'etat  ecclesiastiqne.  et  ne  tarda  pas  h  dnnncr  des  preuves 
d'une  devotion  exaltee.  qui  le  conduisit,  i  I'insn  de  sa  famille.dans 
un  couvent  de  capucing.  Mais  bientot  sa  vie  fut  en  peril,  et  on  le 
dfecida,  non  sans  peine,  ^  entrer  dans  Tordre  moins  austere  des 


Premontres.  Le  prjeur6  de  Joyenval  lui  fut  confer6  par  un  bref 
du  pape  et  des  lettres  du  roi;  mais  les  murnmres  de  ses  confrdrea 
le  decid^reot  k  s'en  demettre,  et  il  obtint  la  cure  de  Croissy-la- 
Garenne,  prde  de  Marly.  II  ee  hvra  alors  ji  I'etude,  sans  negUgei 
ses  devoirs  de  pasteur,  etfit  Imprinieren  l(jy9  Bon  premier  ouvrage, 
VHistoiredt  la  Conjuration  du  Portugal.  Bientot  apr^s  11  obtint 
une  cure  d'un  assez  gros  revenu,  aux  portes  de  Rouen,  et  n'en 
travailla  qu'avec  plus  d'ardeur.  Sept  ans  apres  son  premier 
ouvrage,  il  publia  VHistoire.  des  Ji&volutums  d^  Suede,  dont  cinq 
editinna  parureut  coup  sur  coup,  avec  la  meme  date,  et  qui  fut 
traduite  en  plusieurs  langues.  En  171.11,  lorsque  le  roi  donna  une 
forme  nouvelle  il  I'Acad^mie  des  Inscriptions,  Vertot  reijut  le  titre 
d'associS.  On  se  relacha  pour  lui  de  la  rigueur  du  r^glement  qui 
exigeait  residence,  et  il  lui  fut  permis  de  no  venir  singer  qu'en 
1703.  II  fut  nomme  pensionnaire  en  1703;  et  dda  lors  nul  ne  bo 
moutra  plus  assidu  ni  plus  zele.  En  ITIO  il  fit  parattre  un  TraiU 
de  la  Mouvance  de  Brltagne.  o\X  il  conibattait  le3  pretentions  des 
Bretons  k  Be  dire  ind^pendants  de  la  nionarchie  fian^aise,  avec 
laquelle  ils  etaient  lies  plutot  que  confondns.  Mais  son  oeuvre 
favorite  etait  VHistoire  des  Jf evolutions  de  la  Ripuhlique  Romaine^ 
qui  parut  en  1717  et  obtint  des  applaudissenienta  uuiversela.  Ce 
fut  alora  que  Tordre  de  Malte  le  pria  de  rediger  ses  annales  en  un 
corps  coraplet  d'histoire,  qu'il  publia  en  1726.  Pendant  qu'il  tra- 
vaillait  k  ce  long  ouvrage,  il  fut  nnnini6  secretaire  interprete.  puis 
secretaire  des  commandements  de  la  princesse  de  Bade,  femme  du 
due  d'Orleans,  fils  du  regent,  et  se  trouva  ainsi  en  possession  d'un 
revenu  coneiderable  et  d'un  logeinent  au  I'alaia  Royal.  II  passa 
la  derni^re  partie  de  sa  vie  dans  I'aisance  et  le  repos,  mais  aussi 
dans  un  etat  d'infirmite  continuelle,  qui  TempScha  d'executer  lea 
divers  projets  qu'lI  avait  en  tett*.  Vertot  mourut  le  15  Juiu.  1735. 
On  dut  rcgretterde  son  temps  plus  qu'on  ne  le  feiait  aujnurd'hui, 
qu'il  eQt  cesse  d'ecrire.  L'histoire  etait  pour  lui,  avant  tout, 
unei_euvre  litteraire:  il  n'aspirait  point  ksaisir  laverite  de  coul^ur 
et  negligeait  le  scrnpuleux  d6tail  des  faits  pour  viser  presque 
uniquement  I'eflTet  dramatique.  On  entend  de  nos  jours  autiement 
le  devoir  de  Thistorien.  L'6dition  la  phis  complete  de  ses  ffiiit-res 
choisies  est  celle  de  Paris,  1819  k  1821, 12  vols,  in  Svo." 

The  historical  reader  must  not  fail  to  peruse  the  criti- 
cism of  Gibbon  on  Vertot's  account  of  the  Social  AVar, 
(Vertot,  Revolut.  Rom.,  tom.  iii.  20-3(1.)  AVe  quote  a  few 
lines  from  the  introduction  and  a  few  from  the  conclusion: 
"I  shall  venture  to  make  some  reflections  on  this  extraordinary 
war,  the  principal  circnmstances  of  which  have  been  somewhat  mis- 
represented by  the  Abbe  Vertot, — an  author  whose  works  are  read 
with  the  same  pleasure  as  romances,  to  which  in  other  respects  they 
bear  too  much  resemblance.  .  .  .  The  Abbe  Vertot,  when  he  ex- 
plained the  difhculties  with  wliich  the  Romans  had  to  contend, 
should  alj^o  have  mentioned  the  resources  by  which  they  were  enabled 
to  surmount  them."— Gifi&on's  Miscell.  Wor\-s,  ed.  1837,  Svo,  510, 512. 

Whilst  the  reader  has  this  fascinating  volume  in  his  bands, 
let  him  turn  back  to  page  3S5,  and  mourn  with  us  that  the 
learned  historian  never  carried  out  his  admirable  project 
of  **  a  seventh  or  supplemental  volume"  to  his  great  work. 

Farrington,  Richard.     20  Serms.,  Lon.,  1741,  Svo. 

Farro,  Daniel.  Royal  Universal  Brit.  Grammar 
and  Vocabulary,  Lou.,  1754,  Svo  ;  1776.  R.  G.  Instructor 
for  Youth,  1770,  12mo. 

Farthing,  John.  Short  Writing  Shortened,  1654. 
See  Lowndes's  Bibl.  Man. 

Farthing,  Ralph.     Serm.,  1722,  Svo. 


Fary,  John. 


Lon.,  1645,  4t.o. 


Fasquellc,  Jean  Louis,  F.B.,  LL.D.,  b.  180S,  in 
France,  settled  in  the  U.  S.  in  1834.  Appointed  Prof,  of 
Languages,  (fee.  in  the  University  of  Michigan  in  1846. 
1.  A  new  method  of  learning  the  French  language,  2Uth 
ed..  N.  Y.,  1854.  30.000  copies  of  thi.^  work  have  also 
been  published  in  England.  2.  Tclemaque,  with  notes  and 
gramm.atical  references.  3.  The  Colloquial  French  Reader, 
4thed.,  1854.  4.  Napoleon,  (Dumas,)  with  notes,  .fee.  5.  A 
general  and  Idiomatical  Dictionary  of  the  French  and 
English  Languages. 

The  merits  of  Fasquelle's  New  French  Course  are  well 
known.  We  have  room  for  only  one  recommendation  from 
the  thirty  or  forty  before  us. 

"I  have  t.iught  many  claspcs  in  the  French  Ijan^uage,  .  .  .  and 
I  do  not  hesitate  to  s:iy  that  Fasiiuelles  Freneh  Course,  on  the  plan 
of  Woodbury's  Method  with  the  (ieriuan.  js  superior  to  any  other 
French  Grammar  I  have  met  with,  for  teaching  French  to  those 
wh('So  mother-tongue  is  Enj^Hsh.  It  combines,  in  an  admirable 
manner,  the  excellencies  of  the  old  or  classic,  and  the  new  or  (Jlbn- 
dorfian.  methods,  avoiding  the  faults  of  both."— .Tosf.ph  Wiluam 
Jenks,  Prof,  of  Languages  in  the  Neio  Ch.  Univ.  at  Urbanna,  Ohio. 

Faugeres,  Margaretta  V.,  1771-1801,  a  daughter 
of  Mrs.  Anne  Eliza  Bleecker,  was  a  native  of  Tonhanick, 
near  Albany,  New  York.  She  was  unhappily  married  to 
an  infidel  physician — Dr.  Peter  Faugeres  of  New  York — 
who  abused  his  wife,  and  squandered  her  fortune.  She 
subsequently  taught  school  at  New  Brunsi^ick  and  at 
Brooklyn.  In  1793  Mrs.  Faugeres  edited  the  posthumous 
works  of  her  mother,  (see  Bleecker.  Anne  Eliza,)  add- 
ing some  of  her  own  compositions  in  verse  and  prose.  In 
1795  she  pub.  Belisarius,  a  Tragedy  in  five  acts,  extracts 
'  from  which,  and  a  notice  of  the  author,  will  be  found  in 

Griswold's  Female  Poets  of  America. 
I      **Thou,ch  unsuited  to  the  stage,  this  tragedy  has  considerable 
I  merit,  and  is  much  superior  to  the  earlier  compositions  of  the  au- 


FAU 


FAY 


thor.  The  style  is  generally  dignified  and  correct,  and  free  from 
the  extravagant  declamation  into  which  the  suliject  would  have 
Seduced  a  writer  of  less  taste  and  judgment." — Ubi  supra. 

Fanlkener,  Charles.     Hints  to  Electors,  1796,  8vo. 

Faulkland.     See  Falkland. 

Faulkner,  A.  B.,  M.B.     A  Hospital,  &c.,  1810,  Svo. 

Faulkner,  B.     Insanity.  Lon.,  1790,  Svo. 

Faulkner,  George,  d.  1775,  a  Dublin  printer  and 
bookseller,  afterwards  resident  in  London,  edited  a  journal, 
and  enjoyed  the  patronage  of  Lord  Chesterfield  and  Swift. 
The  former  addressed  to  him,  under  the  name  of  Atticus, 
those  ironical  letters  which  attained  such  great  celebrity. 
Faulkner's  style  and  manner  were  ridiculed  in  An  Epistle 
to  George  Edmund  Howard,  Esq.,  with  notes  by  Georgo 
Faulkner,  Esq..  an  alderman,  reprinted  in  Dilly's  Reposi- 
tory, vol,  iv.  p.  175.  But  some  authentic  letters  of  Faulk- 
ner's will  be  found  in  Nicholses  Literary  Anecdotes,  and 
in  the  2d  vol.  of  the  Supplement  to  Swift,  whose  confiden- 
tial printer  he  was.  Faulkner  died  an  alderman  of  Dublin 
in  1775.  A  caricature  of  this  literary  printer,  by  Richard 
Cumberland,  will  be  found  in  the  Memoirs  of  the  Life  of 
the  latter,  p.  173.  4to  ed. 

Faulkner,  Thomas.  1.  Hist.  Descrip.  Acct.  of  the 
Roy.  Hosp.  and  Roy.  Milit.  Asylum  at  Chelsea,  Lon.,  1805, 
12mo.  2.  Hist.,  Topog.,  and  Statis.  Descrip.  of  Chelsea 
and  its  Environs,  1810,  Svo.  3.  Hist,  and  Topog.  Descrip. 
of  Fulham,  1813,  Svo,  4.  Hist,  and  Antiq.  of  Kensington, 
1820,  Svo. 

Faulkner,  W.     1.  Serms.    2.  Ch.  Service,  1802,  '13. 

Faulkner,  >Vm.  H.  Rights  of  Man  Invaded;  being 
an  Exposition  of  the  Tyranny  of  our  Gov.  in  India,  1792, 
Svo.     A  fruitful  theme,  truly. 

Faunt,  Arthur,  or  Laurence,  Arthur,  an  English 
Jesuit,  born  in  Leicestershire,  pub.  several  theolog.  trea- 
tises.    See  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit. 

Fauquier,  Francis.  Raising  Money  for  support  of 
the  War,  &.O.,  3d  ed.,  Lon.,  1757,  Svo.  Joseph  Massie  pub. 
Observations  on  this  Essay,  1756,  Svo.  See  McCulloch's 
Lit.  of  Polit.  Econ. 

Fausset,  Godfrey,  D.D.,  Canon  of  Christ  Church, 
Margaret  Prof,  of  Divinity,  Oxford,  and  Vicar  of  Crop- 
thorn,  Worcestershire.  1.  Serm.  on  the  Necessity  of  Edu- 
cating the  Pour  in  the  principles  of  the  Established  Church, 
Oxf.,  1811,  Svo.  2.  Claims  of  the  Established  Church;  8 
serms.  at  the  Bampton  Lecture,  1820,  Svo. 

"  We  will  only  premise,  therefore,  that  all  enemies  of  the  Church 
who  do  not  regard  her  doctrines  as  unscriptural.  will,  if  we  mis- 
take not,  find  in  this  volume  of  Eamptou  Lectures  the  reasons  of 
its  discipline  so  justly  explained,  and  the  importance  of  preserving 
that  discipline  so  ably  asserted,  th.it  if  they  be  but  men  of  tolerable 
fairness,  they  w  ill  hardly  be  able  to  avoid  a  feeling  of  regret  that  they 
are  at  enmity  with  a  Church  which  can  sustain  its  cause  by  a,  line  of 
argument  so  powerful  and  so  direct." — Lon.  Christ.  Rcniemhrancer. 

Also  highly  commended  in  the  British  Critic.  3.  Serm. : 
Revival  of  Popery,  1S3S,  Svo. 

Faustus,  a  monk,  b.  about  390,  supposed  to  have  been 
a  native  of  Britain,  Bishop  of  Riez,  in  Province,  466,  wrote 
against  predestination  and  reprobation.  These  writings 
will  be  found  in  Bibl.  Max.  Patr.,  viii.  See  Cave,  vol.  i. ; 
Milner's  Ch.  Hist.;  Siixii  Onomast. 

Faux,  W.,  an  English  Farmer.  Memorable  Days  in 
America;  being  a  Journal  of  a  Tour  in  the  United  States, 
Lon.,  1823,  Svo,  pp.  44S.  This  is  a  "Memorable"  work,  as 
being  the  occasion  of  two  spicy  reviews:  the  first  in  the 
Lon.  Quarterly,  vol.  sis.  338,  said  to  be  by  Gifford;  the 
other,  in  which  the  critic  of  the  Quarterly  is  roughly  han- 
dled, in  the  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  vol.  six.  92,  by  Edward  Everett. 

Favell.  Votes  of  Thanks  by  Southwark  to  Mr.  War- 
die,  1809.  Svo. 

Favell,  Charles.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1793,  4to. 

Favell,  James.  Abraham's  Case  in  ofi"ering  up  Isaac, 
Camb.,  1769,  4to. 

Favour,  John,  d.  1623,  Vicar  of  Halifax,  Yorkshire. 
Antiquitie  triumphing  over  Noveltie;  or  Antiquitio  a  cer- 
tain Note  of  the  Christian  Catholic  Church,  Lon.,  1619, 4to. 

"  lie  was  esteemed  a  person  of  great  piety  and  charity,  and  one 
well  read  in  substantial  and  profound  authors." — Athen.  Oxon. 

Fawcett,  Benjamin,  1715-17S0,  a  dissenting  mi- 
Dister  at  Kidderminster  for  35  years.  Serms.,  1756-80. 
Abridgt.  of  Baxter's  Saint's  Rest.  Religious  Melancholy, 
1780,  Svo. 

Fawcett,  J.,  a  dissenting  minister.  Serms.,  1749, 
Svo.     Crit.  Expos,  of  the  9th  Chap,  of  Romans.  1752,  Svo. 

Fawcett,  James,  Lady  Margaret  Preacher  in  the 
Univ.  of  Cambridge.  Serms.  preached  before  the  Univ. 
of  Cambridge,  Camb.,  1794,  Svo. 

"  These  si-rmoDS  are  truly  academic.  They  afford  young  preachers 
a  happy  example  of  the  manner  in  which  iuirenious  speculation 
may  be  united  with  practical  utility."— ion.  Monthly  A'tnew. 


Fawcett,  John,  D.D.,  1739-1817,  a  Baptist  minister. 
Serms.,  Hymns,  Poems,  &c.,  1775-91. 

Fawcett,  John,  D.D.  Serms.,  theolog.  treatises,  bio- 
graph,  sketches,  Ac,  1797-1807.  Devotional  Family  Bible; 
with  Notes  and  Illustrations,  Lon.,  1811,  2  vols.  r.  4to. 

"This  work  is  evaugelical,  judicious,  and  well  written."— 
Lowndes's  Brit.  Lib. 

"This  work  is  wholly  designed  for  family  use;  but  the  marginal 
renderings  and  parallel  texts  have  been  entirely  omitted.  The 
absence  of  these  is  inexcusable  in  any  edition  of  the  Bible  above 
the  size  of  a  duodecimo  volume." — Home's  Bibl.  Bib. 

Fawcett,  John,  Rector  of  Scaleby.  Serms.  for  Fa- 
milies, 3d  ed.,  Lou.,  1823,  2  vols.  12mo.  Familiar  Dis- 
courses, 1828,  Svo.     Other  works. 

FaAVcett,  John,  of  Covent-Garden  Theatre.  1.  Obi; 
a  Pant.  Drama,  1800,  Svo.  2.  La  Perouse;  a  Pant.  Drama, 
18(11,  Svo.  3.  The  Enchanted  Island;  a  Dram.  Ballad, 
1804,  Svo. 

"Successful  pieces." — Biog.  Dramat. 

Fawcett,  Joseph,  d.  1S04,  a  dissenting  minister  at 
Walthamstow,  afterwards  a  farmer.  He  pub.  several  serms., 
poems,  &c.    Serms.  at  the  Old  Jewry,  Lon.,  1795, 2  vols.  Svo. 

"  It  may  not  be  easy  to  find  many  volumes  that  can  boast  so 
happy  an  union  of  sound  sense  and  useful  instruction  with  all 
the  graces  and  energies  of  oratory." — Lon.  Monthly  Review. 

"  His  figures  of  speech,  his  metaphors  and  allusions,  are  beauti- 
ful, numerous,  and  striking." — Lon.  Critical  Review. 

Fawcett,  Richard,  D.D.,  Vicar  of  Newcastle,  and 
Preb.  of  Durham.     Serm.,  1768,  4to. 

Fawcett,  Samnel.     Serms.,  1641,  '68. 

FaAVcett,  Thomas.     Serms.,  Lon.,  1784,  Svo. 

FaAVcett,  General  Sir  Wm.,  1728-1804,  Gov.  of 
Chelsea  Hospital,  an  English  officer,  served  on  the  Conti- 
nent during  "the  seven  years'  war."  1.  The  Reveries,  or 
Memoirs  upon  the  Art  of  AVar;  from  the  French  of  Sase, 
1757,  4to.  2.  Reg.  for  the  Prussian  Cavalry;  from  the 
German,  1757.  3.  Reg.  for  the  Prussian  Infantry,  1759. 
4.  Rules,  &c.  rel.  to  his  Majesty's  Forces,  1786,  Svo;  1792. 

Fawconer,  Samuel.  Serm.,  Lon.,  1763,  Svo.  Es- 
say on  Modern  Luxury,  1765,  Svo. 

Fawkes,  Francis,  1721-1777,  educated  at  Jesus  Coll., 
Camb.,  Vicar  of  Orpington,  1755;  Rector  of  Hayes,  1774, 
1.  Eramham  Park ;  a  Poem,  1745.  2.  Descrip.  of  May, 
1752.  3.  Of  Winter.  4.  Trans,  of  Anacreon,  Sappho,  Bion, 
Mosehus,  and  Musaeus,  1760, 12mo;  1754;  both  from  Gawea 
Douglas.  5.  Original  Poems  and  Translations,  1761. 
6.  Partridge  Shooting;  a  Poem,  1767,  4to.  7,  Trans,  of 
the  Idylliums  of  Theucritus,  1767,  Svo.  S.  The  Argonau- 
tics  of  ApoUonius  Rhodius;  posth.;  completed  by  Rev. 
Henry  Meen  of  Emanuel  Coll.,  Camb.,  1780,  Svo.  9.  Fa- 
mily Bible,  with  Notes,  4to.  10.  In  conjunction  with  Mr. 
AVutty,  The  Poetical  Calendar,  vol.  i.,  1763, 12mo ;  intended 
as  a  supplement  to  Dodsley's  Collection.  The  Poetical  Ca- 
lendar and  Nichols's  Collection  contain  some  of  Fawkes*a 
poems.  His  song  of  The  Brown  Jug  is  still  a  great  fa- 
vourite.    Fawkes's  merits  were  considerable. 

"  His  threat  strength  lay  in  translation,  in  which,  since  Pope,  few 
have  equalled  him." — Nichols's  Literary  Aiucdotes.  q.  v. 

Dr.  Johnson,  not,  indeed,  a  first-rate  critic  in  Greek  lite- 
rature, remarked  that 

"  Frank  Fawkes  had  done  the  odes  of  Anacreon  very  finely." 

Fawkes,  James.     Life  of  Dr.  Seignior,  16S1,  Svo. 

Fawkes,  Walter.  1.  Chronol.  of  the  Hist,  of  Mod. 
Europe,  475-1793,  York,  1810,  4to.  2.  Speech  on  ParL 
Reform,  1812.  3.  The  Englishman's  Manual;  or,  A  Dia- 
logue between  a  Tory  and  a  Reformer,  1817,  Svo. 

Fawkner,  Anthony.     Serms.,  1630,  '35. 

Fawier,  John.     Surg.  Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1707. 

Fay,  Theodore  S,,  a  native  of  New  York,  Secretary 
of  Legation  for  the  United  States  at  the  Court  of  Berlin 
from  1837  to  1S53,  and  since  1853  Minister  to  Switzerland, 
enjoys  extensive  reputation  as  a  graceful  and  graphic 
writer.  In  1832  he  pub.  Dreams  and  Reveries  of  a  Quiet 
Man,  containing  The  Little  Genius,  and  other  essays  con- 
tributed to  that  excellent  periodical.  The  New  York  Mir- 
ror, of  which  Mr.  Fay  was  for  some  time  one  of  the  editors. 
He  has  since  pub.  The  Minute  Book,  a  journal  of  travels; 
Norman  Leslie,  a  Tale  of  the  Present  Times,  1835 ;  2d  ed. 
in  same  year;  Sydney  Clifton,  1839;  The  Countess  Ida, 
1840;  Hoboken,  a  Romance  of  New  York,  1S43;  Robert 
Rueful,  1844;  Ulric;  or,  The  Voices:  a  Tale,  1851.  Of  his 
fugitive  contributions  to  periodicals,  perhaps  the  best 
known  are  the  papers  on  Shakspeare.  Mr.  Fay  has  also 
some  pretensions  to  the  character  of  a  poet.  A  review  of 
the  Countess  Ida,  by  an  eminent  critic,  will  be  found  in 
The  North  American  Review,  11.  434-457.  We  quote  a 
few  lines  from  the  conclusion: 

"  The  work  shows  a  deep  sympathy  with  human  nature,  as  well 
as  a  familiar  acquaintance  with  the  higher  forms  of  Europeau 
social  life.     The  author  has  not  been  dazzled  by  the  trappinga  of 


FAT 


FEO 


rovalty  and  aristocrwv.  though  he  can  describe  tbem  so  well.    The  I  «  Charles  Fearne  was  a  man  of  a  rery  strong  and  subtle  intellect, 

■virtues  and  the  vices  "of  hi-hs.vietv  are  set  forth  l.vLim  with  im-  '  and  d-'li-hted  in    metaphysical   and    phil.isoijbiail    speculations. 

I)arti.<ility  and  force;  and  we  rise  from  his  pa^es  wi'th  a  cordial  re-  Th«  work  mentioned  in  the  text  [Contin-ent  KeraaindersJ  has 

spect  for  his  abilities,  a  sympathy  with  his  views  of  life,  and  an  long  been  a  fir.'^t-rate  legaljext-book,  characterized  by  accurate 

admiration  nf  the  moral  purity  whii-h  is  shed  over  the  scenes  he     and  profound  learning."  ~      '"      ' ' 


-  Warren's  L<iw  Studies,  2d  ed.,  xlv.  1S45. 


has  eo  vividly  placed  befijre  us." — Prof.  C.  C.  Felton, 

*'  Mr.  Theodore  S.  Fay.  our  Minister  to  Switzerland,  is  at  present 
engaged  in  writing  the  history  of  that  country.  Sevei-al  years,  it 
is  stated,  must  elapse  ere  the  completion  of  the  work,  which  will 
doubtless  be  a  highly  creditable  contribution  to  that  historical  lite- 
rature for  which  America  is  already  so  justly  distinguished." — 1!^55. 

Fayerman,  Francis*  Zarah;  that  is,  Christianity  , 
before  JudaiMU,  Lon..  1757,  8vo.  I 

Fayerman,  Richard.  Contemplation;  a  Poetical 
Essay  on  the  Works  of  Creation,  1776,  4to. 

Fazakerly,  Poemata  varia,  Lon.,  17S1,  8vo.  These 
poems  were  suppressed. 

Fea,  James,  1.  Grievances  of  Orkney  and  Shetland, 
Edin.,  1750.  Svo.  2.  Present  State  of  the  Orkney  Islands, 
1755.  Svo.     3.  Fishing  on  the  Coasts  of  Shetland,  1775,  Svo. 

Fea,  John  W.     Eldomiana,  Lon.,  1826.  Svo. 

Feake,  Christopher.  Theolog.  treatises,  Lon.,  1651- 
57.  4to. 

Feake,  John.     Serm.«.,  Lon.,  1660,  4to. 

Fearn,  John.      1.  Human  Cons^ciousness,  1811,  4to. 

2.  Review   of   Berkeley,   Reid,   and    Stewart,   181.3,  4to. 

3.  Primary  Vipion.  1S15,  4to.     4.  The  Human  Mind,  Svo. 
Fearne,  Charles,  Judge-Advocate  of  the  Admiralty, 

temp.  Geo.  IL  1.  Minutes  of  the  Proceedings  of  the  Trial 
of  Rear-Admiral  Knowle?.  Lon.,  1750,  Svo.  Report  of 
the  Trial  of  Admiral  Byug,  1756,  fol.  See  Bvng,  Honour- 
able John. 

Fearne,  Charles,  1749-1794,  son  of  the  preceding, 
was  educated  at  Westminster  school,  from  whence  he  was 
removed  to  the  Inner  TL-mjile.  He  soon  became  distin- 
guished for  his  legal  erudition,  and  could  have  secured  a 
large  professional  business,  had  not  a  fondness  for  chemi- 
cal and  philosophical  experiments  engrossed  a  great  por- 
tion of  his  time  and  thoughts.  From  this  cause  his  life 
was  embarrassed  with  difficulties,  and  his  last  hours  clouded 


4.  Posthumou.s  Works,  by  T.  M.  Shadwell.  1795,  '99,  8vo. 

Fearon,  Henry  Bradshaw,  a  London  surgeon. 
1.  Cancers,  Lon.,  1784,  8vo;  new  ed.,  1795,  Svo.  2.  Oba. 
on  Cancers,  Memoirs  Med.,  17S9.  3.  A  Narrative  of  a 
Journey  of  5000  miles  through  the  Eastern  and  Western 
States  of  America. 

"The  tone  of  ill-temper  which  this  author  usually  manifests  in 
speakinR  of  the  American  character,  has  grained  for  his  work  the 
approbation  of  persons  who  re;^ard  that  country  with  peculiar 
jealousy." — Lon.  Mfnthly  Hevietv. 

But,  if  Mr.  Fearon  be  a  truthful  witness,  there  seems 
to  be  but  little  occasion  for  "jealousy."  See  Lou.  Quart. 
Review,  xxi.  124. 

'■  Mr.  Fearon  is  a  much  abler  writer  than  either  of  the  two  last, 
[Palmer  and  IJradbury.]  but  no  lover  of  America,  and  a  little  given 
to  exaggerate  in  his  views  of  vices  and  prejudices.'" — Rev.  Sydney 
Smith:  iJlin.  iieiicw. 

Fearon,  James  Peter,  Theatrical  Criticismj  a 
Criticiue  on  the  School  of  Reform,  1805,  Svo. 

Fearon,  Joseph.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1756,  4to. 

Fearon,  Joseph  F.     .Serm..  Lewes,  1797,  4to. 

Featherstonehaugh,  George  William.  1.  Geo- 
logical Report,  made  in  1834.  of  the  elevated  country  be- 
tween the  Missouri  and  Red  Rivers,  Washington,  1S35,  Svo, 
pp.  97.  2.  Observ.  upon  the  Treaty  of  Washington,  signed 
9th  August,  1842,  Lon.,  1842,  Svo,  pp.  560.  See  a  review 
of  this,  and  other  publications  connected  with  this  treaty, 
in  the  Lon.  Quar.  Review,  Ixxi.  560.  3.  Excursion  through 
the  Slave  States,  1844,  2  vols.  Svo,  pp.  792. 

"  The  notices  of  the  natural  history  and  the  mines  are  novel  and 
interesting;,  and  his  pictures  of  the  hero*-s  of  the  Ijowie-knife  remarl*- 
ably  characteristic  and  entertaiuiug." — L"n.  New  Monthly  Mag. 

4.  Canoe  Voyage  to  the  Minnay  Soter,  1S47,  2  vols.  8vo- 

Featherstouehaugh,  H.     Serm.,  1724,  Svo. 

Featley,  Featly,  or  Fairclough,  Daniel,  1582- 
1644,  a  native  of  Charlton,  near  Oxford,  was  educated  at 


with  anxiety  for  those  whom  he  left  behind.  1.  Legigra-  Corpus  Christ!  Coll.,  Oxf. ;  Rector  of  Lambeth,  1618;  of 
phical  Chart  of  Landed  Property  in  England.  1709.  '94.  AUhallows,  1627;  and  subsequently  of  Acton.  A  bio- 
2.  An  Impartial  Answer  to  the  Doctrine  delivered  in  a  |  graphy  of  this  learned  divine  will  bi;  found  in  Chalmers's 


Letter  which  appeared  in  the  Public  Advertiser,  under  the 
signature  of  Junius,  1769.  Svo.  3.  An  Essay  on  the  Learn- 
ing of  Contingent  Remainders  and  Executory  Devises, 
1772,  Svo,  anon. ;  1773,  '75;  4th  ed.,  enlarged,  1791,2  vols. 
Svo.  This  ed.  contains  the  copies  of  Opinions  on  the  Will 
in  case  Perrin  v.  Blake,  pub.  1780,  Svo;  with  Notes  by 
Powell,  vol.  i.,  1801 ;  vol.  ii.,  1795,  Svo  ;  Gth  ed.,  with  Notes 
by  Charles  Butler,  1809,  Svo;  7th,  8th,  and  9th  edits,  vary 
but  little  from  the  6th  ed.;  10th  ed.,  enlarged  by  Josiah  W. 
Smith,  1S44,  2  vols.;  Phil.,  1845,  2  vols.  Svo.  This  con- 
tains Butler's  Notes  and  addits.  The  value  of  Fearne's 
great  work  is  well  known  to  the  profession.  We  quote 
from  some  eminent  authorities: 

"This  work  is  so  very  instructive  on  the  dry  and  obscure  sub- 
ject of  remainders  and  executory  devises,  that  it  cannot  be  too 
much  recommended  to  the  attention  of  the  diligent  student." — 
IIargbave:  Co.  Lit.,  'JU. 

*•  Where,  for  inst.tnce.  shall  we  look  for  a  work  like  Mr.  Fearne's 
Essay  on  Contingent  Remainders  and  Executory  Devises?  This 
subject,  which  constituted  one  of  the  most  obscure,  and  must  for- 
ever remain  one  of  the  most  intricate,  titles  of  the  common  law, 
had  been  already  sketched  out  by  the  masterly  hand  of  Lord  Chief 
Baron  Gilbert,  [see  Bacon's  Abridgment,  Guillim's  Edition,  title, 
Remainder  and  Reversion,  N<'t^ ;]  but,  like  all  his  other  writings, 
it  was  left  in  a  detached  and  imperfect  shape.  It  was  reserved 
for  Mr.  Fearne  to  honour  the  profession  by  a  treatise  so  profound 
and  accurate  that  it  became  the  guide  of  the  ablest  lawyers,  yet  so 
luminous  in  method  and  explanations  that  it  is  level  to  the  capa- 
city of  every  attentive  student.  He  has,  in  f;ict,  exhausted  the 
subject;  and  this  chef-d'oeuvre  will  forever  remain  a  monument  of 
his  skill,  acuteness,  and  research.  All  that  the  most  accomplished 
lawyer  can  reasonably  hope,  is  to  add  a  commentary  of  new  cases 
and  principles,  as  they  arise,  without  venturing  to  touch  the 
sacred  fitbrick  of  his  master.'' — JiiDOE  Stort  :  North  Ajner.  Bevitiv, 
vi.  W;  Nov..  1S17. 

*■  A  masterly  production  on  a  doctrine  generally  admitted  as  one 
of  the  most  abstruse  in  the  whole  system  of  English  law.  The  en- 
lightened and  giientific  manner  in  which  this  difficult  topic  has 
been  treated  by  Mr.  Fi-arne  has  imparted  to  it  an  interest  before 
unfelt,  and  strongly  illustnites  the  infinite  importiiuce  of  a  pro- 
gressive and  strictly  analytical  method  of  the  discussion  of  dry  and 
abstruse  doctrines." — Hnffinari's  Lfigal  Studtj. 

But  Mr.  Hoffman  does  not  think  Fearne  entirely  correct 
in  classification  and  definitions;  and,  referring  to  the 
opinion  we  shall  next  quote,  considers  that  the  "entire 
doctrine  of  these  subjects  is  capable  of  great  modification." 

•'If  it  were  desired  to  form  a  code  of  the  law  of  contingent  re- 
mainders and  executory  devises,  it  could  not,  perhaps,  be  better 
done  than  by  a  statute  which  should  propound,  in  the  form  of  a 
code,  all  the  principles  and  rules  of  law  laid  down  in  Mr.  Fearne's 
Essay,  and  declare  them  to  be  law." — Charles  Butler:  Lift  of 
Chancellor  lyAgnesseau,  p.  65. 


Biog.  Diet.  It  was  intended  for  the  commencement  of  the 
6th  vol.  of  the  new  ed.  of  the  Biog.  Brit,  never  completed. 
See  Dibdin's  Library  Companion.  For  a  list  of  Featley's 
works,  of  which  we  notice  a  few,  yee  Athen.  Oxon.  An- 
cilla  Pietatis,  Lon.,  1626,  4to;  a  work  of  great  popularity; 
Sth  ed.,  1676.  Hexatexium,  1637,  fol.  Clavis  Mystica, 
70  Semis.,  1638.  fol. 

'•  A  singular  exhibition  of  the  kind  of  eloquence  and  instruction 
which  was  in  vogue  during  the  period  in  which  the  author  lived. 
Featley  was  by  no  means  destitute  of  learning  and  imaiiination; 
but  his  powers,  quaint  conceits,  numerous  distinctions  and  divi- 
sions, display  the  lamentable  want  of  taste  and  good  sense  which 
prevailed." — Orin^^s  Bibl.  Bib. 

The  Dippers  Dipt :  or  the  Anabaptists  dvcked  and  plvng'd 
over  Head  and  Ears,  at  a  Disputation  in  Southwark,  1647, 
'51,  4to.  Noticed  by  Milton:  see  Lowndes's  Bibl.  Man.; 
Orme's  Bibl.  Man.  The  League  Illegal,  1660,  4to.  His 
nephew.  Dr.  John  Featlev,  pub.  a  work  entitled  Doctor 
Daniel  Featly  Revived,  with  his  Life  and  Death,  1660, 12rao, 

Featley,  John,  d.  1666,  a  nephew  of  the  preceding, 
visited,  in  1643,  St.  Christopher's,  in  the  West  Indies,  and 
was  the  first  preacher  of  the  Gospel  there.  1.  A  Divina 
Antidote  against  the  Plague.  2.  A  Fountnine  of  Teares, 
Amst,  1646,  24mo:  Lon.,  1683, 12mo.  3.  Divine  Antidote 
against  the  Plague,  1660.     4.  Serms. 

Featley,  Richard,  d.  16S1,  aged  61,  "a  nonconform- 
ing minister,  and  a  frequent  preacher  in  conventicles." — 
Athen.  O.ron.     One  or  more  of  his  serms.  will  be  found  in 
!  The  Morning  Exercise  against  Popery,  Ac,  Lon.,  1675,  4to, 

Febure,  Mrs.     A  medical  treatise,  Lon.,  1777,  Svo, 

"Nothing  more  nor  less  than  a  quack  advertisement." — L<m. 
Monthh/  Ht'rif^w. 

Feckeuham,  John  de,  D.D.,  d.  15S5.  so  called  be- 
cause born  near  the  forest  of  Feckenham,  (his  right  name 
was  Howman,)  was  the  last  mitred  abbot  who  sat  in  the 
house  of  peers.  This  excellent  Roman  Catholic  divine 
pub.  a  few  controversial  pieces.  See  Biog.  Brit.;  Dodd'a 
Oh.  Hist. ;  Strype's  Cranmer;  Athen.  Oxon.  He  was  con- 
tinually employed  in  doing  good  to  the  persecuted  Pro- 
testants of  his  day,  and  incurred  Queen  Mary's  displeasure 
by  the  pertinacity  with  which  he  urged  the  enlargement 
of  the  Princess  Klizabeth.  Upon  the  accession  of  the  lat- 
ter, she  ofi'ered  him  the  Archbishopric  of  Canterbury  upon 
condition  that  he  would  conform,  but  he  rejected  the  pro- 
posal. He  was  subsequently — to  the  disgrace  of  the  crown 
— imprisoned  with  other  Roman  Catholics,  and  died  a  cap- 
tive in  Wisbeach  castle,  in  the  Isle  of  Ely.     No  man  of 


FEI 


FEL 


the  age  has  been  more  commended  for  piety  and  benevo- 
lence: 

"  A  learned  and  pood  man,  that  lived  lon;^.  did  a  great  deal  of 
good  to  the  p<X)r,  and  always  solicited  the  minds  of  his  adversaries 
to  benevolence." — Camden  :  Amiales  Beg.  Eliz.,  ad  ami.  1559. 

*'  In  wonderful  esteem  for  his  learning,  piety,  charity,  humility, 
and  other  virtues.  All  the  time  of  Queen  Mary's  reign  he  em- 
ployed himself  in  doing  good  offices  for  the  afflicted  Protestants, 
from  the  highest  to  the  lowest,  and  did  intercede  with  the  queen 
for  the  lady  Elizabeth,  for  which  he  gained  her  displeasure  for  a 
time.'" — Wood:  Athen.  Oxon. 

"  A  man  cruel  to  none,  courtenusandcharitable  to  all  who  needed 
his  help  or  his  liberality." — Fuller:   WortJties  nf  Westminster. 

"A  charitable  and  generous  man,  that  lived  in  great  esteem  in 
England." — Bishop  Burnet:  Hist,  of  the  Hefoi-matifm. 

"Though  I  cannot  go  sn  far  as  Reyner,  {yidr  Apo.'it.  Benediotio. 
in  Anglia,]  to  call  him  a  martyr,  yet  I  can't  gather  but  that  he  was 
a  good,  mild,  modest,  chailtable  man.  and  a  devout  (.'bristian.'" — 
Dart:  Wt'^tmrmaderium,  vol.  ii..  in  the  Livrs  of  the  Abbots.  Vide 
Bicfj.  Bn(. 

Feild,  John*     Ephemcris,  Lon.,  1556,  *58,  4to. 

Feilde,  liev.  MattheAV,  d.  1796.  Preb.  of  St.  Paul's. 
Vertumnus  and  Pomona;  a  Pastoral,  17S2.  The  songs 
only  were  printed. 

"  An  unsuccessful  piece." — Biog.  Dram. 

Feilding,  Viscount,  and  Capt.  Kennedy.  Tra- 
vels in  Algeria  in  1S45,  Lon,,  2  vols. 

"  A  graphic  ami  picturesque  account  of  their  adventures,  includ- 
ing those  among  the  wild  Arabs  and  Bedouins  of  the  desert." — 
BoocVs  Magazine. 

Feist,  C.     Symbole  of  the  Apostles,  Lon.,  1581,  8vo. 

Feist,  Charles.  Poetical  Effusiuns,  and  other  works, 
Lon.,  181;^,  tfcc. 

Felgate,  Samuel.  The  Novelty  of  the  Modern  Ro- 
manish  Religion,  Lun.,  1682,  8vo. 

Felix  of  C'royland,  flourished  about  730,  compiled 
a  Life  uf  St.  (iuthlac.  See  Wright's  Biog.  Brit.  Lit.,  and 
authorities  there  cited. 

Felix,  N,  On  the  Bat;  a  Scientific  Inquiry  into  the 
Use  of  Cricket.  New  ed.,  Lon.,  1850,  4to.  Tlie  reader 
must  also  procure — The  Cricket  Field;  The  Cricketer's 
Companion ;  The  Cricketer's  Guide ;  Hints  on  Cricket; 
and  The  Principles  of  Scientific  Batting. 

Fell,  Elizabeth.     Fables,  Odes,  and  Miscel.  Poems, 
Lon.,  1771,  8vo.     Poem  on  the  Times,  1774,  4to.     Poems,  i 
1777,  4to. 

Fell,  John,  D.D.,  1625-1686,  a  son  of  Samuel  Fell,  1 
D.D.,  was  a  niiiive  of  Longworth,  Berkshire,  entered  of  ! 
Christ  Church,  O.xfurd,  16:{6  ;  at  the  Restoration  made  Pre- 
bendary of  Chichester,  and  Dean  of  Christ  Church;  Vice-  i 
Chancellor  of  the  University,  1666-1669;  Bishop  of  Ox-  , 
ford,  1676.  I 

"  He  Tras  the  most  zealous  man  of  hi.«  time  for  the  Church  of 
England,  and  none,  that  I  yet  know  of.  did  go  beyond  him  in  the  , 
performance  of  the  rules  l>elonging  thereunto.  .  .  .  His  charity  ; 
was  so  great  that  he  was  a  husband  to  the  affiicted  widow,  a  father  , 
to  the  orphan,  and  a  tender  parent  to  pocT  children." — Athen.  Ox^m.,  ] 
where,  and  in  Biog.  Brit.,  see  an  account  of  bis  life  and  works.        I 

Among  bis  works  are,  1.  The  Life  of  Dr.  Henry  Ham- 
mond, Lon.,  1660,  '61,  '62.  Reprinted  afterwards  at  the 
head  of  Hammond's  Works ;  also  in  Wordsworth's  Eccles. 
Biog.  This  excellent  biography  deserves  attentive  perusal. 
2.  Nemesii,  Philos.  et  Episc.  Emisseni,  de  Natura  Hominis 
Liber,  Gr.  et  Lat.  Notis  illustratus,  [Jo.  Fell,  Episc.  Oxon.,]  . 
Oxon.,  1671,  8vo.  | 

An  eminent  authority  thus  speaks  of  this  treatise  of 
Nemesius : 

''  Far  from  being  either  elegant  or  forcible,  there  is  no  new  infor- 
mation given,  nor  Is  the  old  placed  in  a  new  light;  the  opinions  of 
the  ancient  philosophers  are  opposed,  and  little  that  is  l>etter  given 
in  their  place:  in  physics,  Nemesius  appears  not  to  have  known 
much,  and  in  Metaphysics,  to  have  been  confused  in  what  he  did 
know." — Cl.\rke. 

3.  Gramraatica  Rationis,  sive  Tnstitutionis  Logica;.  1673, 
Svo.  4.  The  Vanity  of  Scoffing,  1674,  8vo.  5.  Novi  Tes- 
tamenti  Libri  Omnes  Graece,  1675,  Svo;  Leipsic,  1697 j 
1702,  fol.     By  Dr.  John  Gregory,  Oxf.,  1703,  fol. 

"The  text  is  formed  according  to  that  of  Robert  Stephens  and 
the  Klzevir.s ;  though  Wetstein  has  accused  it  of  reclaiming  errors 
of  the  former,  as  well  as  of  some  of  Walton's  Polyglotf  * — Name's 
Bibl  Bib.,  g.  v. 

"  An  excellent  edition,  and  an  indispensable  work  to  every  man 
engaged  in  sacred  criticism." — Bishop  North, 


of  Man.  and  had  Anthony  Wood's  History  and  Antiquities 
of  the  University  of  Oxford  trans,  into  Latin,  Oxf.,  1674, 
2  vols.  fol.  Wood  complains  of  this  trans.  See  Athen. 
Oxon. 

Fell,  John,  1735-1797,  a  dis.=enting  minister,  classical 
tutor  at  the  academy  at  Homerton,  pub.  several  theolog. 
and  other  works,  the  principal  of  which  arc.  1.  Genuine 
Protestantism,  1773,  Svo.     2.  Demoniacs,  1779,  Svo. 

"In  which  the  typothesis  of  the  Kev.  Mr.  Farmer  and  others  on 
the  subject  ai"e  con>idered." 

See  Farmer,  Hugh. 

3.  English  Grammar,  1784,  12mo.  4.  Idolatry  of  Greece 
and  Rome,  in  a  Letter  to  the  Rev.  Hugh  Farmer,  17So,  Svo. 

"In  these  works,  Mr.  Fell  defends  the  opposite  system  to  that  of 
Farmer,  which  is  generally  received.  Farmer's  views  of  demono- 
logy  had  been  previously  brought  forward  by  Joseph  Mede,  Lard- 
ner,  Dr.  Mead,  and  Sykes.  Fell's  reply,  both  on  this  subject  and 
on  that  of  the  ancient  idolatry,  is  able,  and  acknowledged  by  Dr. 
Kippis,  who  was  friendly  to  the  sentiments  of  Farmer,  to  contain 
many  things  which  would  have  been  deserving  of  consideration 
and  reply  ;  but  the  temper  in  which  he  has  written  has  been  justly 
censured." — Orm^'s  Bibl.  Bib. 

5.  Lectures  on  the  Evidences  of  Chris'y,  4  by  J.  F.,  and 
8  by  Henry  Hunter,  1798.  Svo. 

See  Prot.  Dii^senter's  Mag.,  vols,  iv.,  v.,  and  vi. 
Fell,  J.  Weldon,  M.D.,  a  native  of  the  U.S.,  removed 
to  London,  where  be  was  allowed  to  treat  the  patients  of 
Middlesex  Hospital  for  cancerous  diseases  upon  a  new  plan. 
In  1857  he  pub.  A  Treatise  on  Cancer  and  its  Treatment, 
Lon.,  Svo.  See  Report  of  the  Surgical  Staff  of  the 
Middlesex  Hospital,  1S57,  Svo. 

Fell,  Hunter  Francis,  Rector  of  Oulton,  Suffolk. 
Serms..  Lon.,  1834,  12mo. 

Fell,  Margaret,  For  Manasseth  Ben-Israel.  The 
Call  of  the  Jews  out  of  Babylon,  Lon.,  1656,  4to. 

Fell,  Rev.  R.C  Passages  from  the  Private  and  Official 
Life  of  the  lato  Alderman  Kelly,  Lon.,  1856,  '57,  fp.  Svo. 

Fell,  Ralph,  a  native  of  Yorkshire,  d.  1S14.  A  Tour 
through  the  Batavian  Republic  in  ISOO,  Lon..  ISOl,  '05,  Svo. 
"This  work  gives  an  interesting  picture  of  Holland  and  the 
Dutch  at  this  period,  besides  historical  and  political  details  and 
observations  on  its  connexion  with  France." — Steve?iso}i's  Tot/ages 
and  Travels. 

Memoirs  of  Charles  James  Fox,  1808,  4to.    He  edited  an 
ed.  of  Hudibras,  with'Notes  from  Gray,  &.C.,  2  vols.  18mo. 
Fell,  Samuel,  D.D.,  1594—1649,  a  native  of  London, 
educated  at  Christ  Church,  Oxf.,  Canon  of  Christ  Church, 
1619;  Margaret  Prof,  of  Divinity,  1626;  Dean    of  Lich- 
field, 1637;  Dean  of  Christ  Church,  1638:  Vice-Chancel- 
lor, 1645  and  1647.     1.  Primitia; ;  sive  Oratio  habita  Ox- 
oniae   in   Scholia   Theologize,  9th  Nov.,  1626.     2.  Concio 
Latina  ad  Baccalaureos  die  cinerum  in  Colos.  ii.  8,  Oxf., 
I  1627.     He  was  the  father  of  Dr.  John  Fell.  Bishop  of 
,  Oxford,  V,  ante.     See  Athen.  Oxon. ;  Lloyd's  Memoirs. 
!       Fell,   Stephen,  Surgeon,  Ulverstone.     Profess.  Con. 

to  Ess.  Phys.  and  Lit.,  1765. 
I       Fell,  Walter  William.      1.    Principal    Events  in 
Eng.  Hist.,  1811,  12mo.     2.  Lancaster's  System  of  Educa- 
tion, 1812.     Law  of  Mercantile  Guarantee,  1S12,  Svo.,  2d 
ed.,  1820;  1st  Amer.  ed.,  by   Charles  Walker,  N.  York, 
1825,  Svo. 
FellOAve,  Henry.  Laws  of  Copyholds,  Lon.,  1799,  Svo. 
Fellowes,  Sir  James.     Reports  of  the  Pestilential 
Disorder  of  Andalusia  at  Cadiz,  ISOO,  '04,  '10,  '13,  Lon., 
1S15,  Svo. 

"  A  work  of  great  interest  and  importance,  as  it  respects  the  dis- 
cussion of  a  curious  question  of  medical  theory  that  has  been  the 
subject  ol  very  warm  controversy." — Lon.  Mfrntltly  Bci'iew,  1S16.  q.  v. 

Fellowes,  Rev.  Robert,  of  St.  Mary's  Hall,  Oxf., 
Editor  of  tlic-  Lninlun  Critical  Review.  1.  Christian  Phi- 
losophy, 1798,  2d  cd.,  1799,  Svo.  2.  Supplet.  to  do.  3. 
Religion  without  Cant,  1801,  Svo.  4.  Guide  to  Immor- 
tality, 1804,  3  vols.  Svo.  5.  Poems,  1806,  12mo.  6.  Manual 
of  Pietv,  1S07,  Svo.  Other  publications;  the  principal  of 
which  "is,  7.  A  Body  of  Theology,  1807,  2  vols.  Svo. 

"  From  the  commencement  to  the  conclusion,  a  current  of  the 
purest  ethics  flows  with  such  beauty  and  spirit,  that  he  who  sur- 
veys it  cnn  possess  neither  tnste  nor  virtue  if  he  does  not  resolve 
on  taking  a  copious  draught  of  its  waters." — Lnyj.  Monthb/  Review. 

See  Brit.  Critic.     Dr.  Parr  (see  Spital  Sermon)  speaks  in 


6.  A  Paraphrase   and  Annotations  upon  all  St.  Paul's  high  terms  of  the  merits  of  FcUowes's  works. 
Epistles,  done  by  several  eminent  men  at  Oxford,  corrected         Fellowes,  Wm.  D.     1.  Loss  of  the  Lady  Hobart, 

and  improved  by  Bishop  Fell,  Lon.,  1702,  Svo.     New  ed.,  Lon.,  1803,  Svo.     2.  Paris  in  July,  1815  ;  in  a  Series  of 

Oxf.,  1852,  Svo.  Letters.  1S15,  Svo.     3.  Hist,  Sketches  of  Charles  I.,  Crom- 

"Fell  on  the  Epistles  is  very  short;  but  most  of  his  notes  are  well.  Charles  IT.,  and  the  Principal  Personages  of   that 

worthy  of  remark.  The  collection  of  paraUel  scripturen  isjudicioua,  p^^^^A    pan-    1S2S,  4to;   now  very  scarce.     A  few  copies 
and  the  translation  in  some  places  altered  for  the  better." — DR.  ,        '         ,        ,      „•  c      ^u  ^i  ^  r»     ■  »     t,-  »     -     i 

DoDDRipGE  only  were  struck  on  for  the  author  at  Pans.     An  historical 

'•  This  work  does  not  appear  to  me  to  be  of  much  value."— Orm«*«  account  will  he  found  in  this  work  of  the  sums  exacted  by 

Btbl.  Bib.  the  Commonwealth  from  the  Royalists,  the  names  of  those 

The  bishop  edited  the  works  of  St.  Cyprian.  16S2.  pub.  who  compounded  their  estates,  &c.     4.  Visit  to  the  Monas- 

Beveral  works  said  to  be  by  the  author  of  The  "Whole  Duty  tery  of  La  Trappe,  r.  Svo. 
534 


FBL 


FEL 


Fellows,  Sir  Charles,  an  enteqirising  traveller,  b.  j      The  cru.lition  of  Mr.  Felt,  as  an  antiquary,  has  been 
1799,    at   Noitiugham,    Kngland,    knighted    1845.      1.  A    acknowledged  by  one  of  our  highest  authorities : 


.Journal  written  during  an  Excursion  in  Asia  Minor  in 
183S,  Lon.,  1839,  imp.  Svo;  new  ed.,  including  No.  2, 
under  the  title  of  Travels  and  Researches  in  Asia  Minor, 
particularly  in  the  Province  of  Lycia,  1852,  p.  Svo. 

"  Since  my  return  to  England  I  have  learned  at  the  Geographical 
Society  that 'part  of  my  route,  which  lay  throuf^h  the  southern 
part  of  Asia  Minor  and  led  nie  to  the  remains  of  several  important 
ancient  cities,  had  not  before  been  traversed  by  any  European.'  It 
i^  on  this  account  alone  that  I  am  induced  to  lay  my  Journal  before 
the  public." — Preface. 

2.  More  Recent  Discoveries  in  Ancient  Lycia:  being  a 
.Tournal  kept  during  a  Second  Excursion  in  Asia  Minor, 
1841.  imp.  Svo.     See  No.  1. 

"  You  cannot  im.agine  the  pleasurable  excitement  of  discovering 
in  these  cities  the  works  of  art  and  objects  of  the  highest  interest 
to  the  archaiologist.  The  age  is  probably  earlier  than  the  fourth 
L-eutury  before  the  Christian  era,  and  the  works  are  illustrations  of 
Homer  and  Herodotus." — Letter  from  the  Aiitiior  tottie  Lmi.  Athen. 

"Our  author  h.os  discovered  eleven  ancient  Lycian  cities, and 
has  allowed  the  learned  world  to  perceive  that  Lycia  has  a  mine  of 
antiquarian  treasures  of  which  he  has  only  scraped  the  surface." — 
Loti.  Atlten. 

3.  Account  of  the  Xanthian  Marbles  in  the  Brit.  Museum, 
their  Acciuisition  and  Transmission  to  England,  1843,  r. 
Svo.  4.  Account  of  the  Trophy  Monument  at  Xanthus, 
1S48,  r.  Svo.  5.  Coins  of  Ancient  Lycia,  1855,  Svo.  See 
Eng.  Cyc,  Biog.,  vol.  ii.,  1858,  885. 

Fellows,  John,  a   Methodist,  pub.  several    poems, 
hymns.  Ac.     The  Holy  Bible  in  Verse,  1778,  4  vols.  12mo. 
Fellows,  Robert.     The  Rights  of  Property  vindi- 
cated against  Universal  Siill'rage,  Lon.,  1818.  12mo. 

Felltham,  or  Felthara,  Owen,  d.  about  1678?  a 
native  of  tfiiB'olk,  autlior  of  a  work  of  great  ability,  lived 
for  some  years  in  the  family  of  tlie  Earl  of  Thomond. 
With  the  exception  of  this  fact,  but  little  is  known  of  him. 
Resolves,  divine,  mural,  and  political,  in  two  centuriea, 
1st  ed.,  12nio,  date  uncertain.  2d  and  3d,  1628,  4to ; 
4th,  1631,  4to:  5th,  1634,  4to;  6th,  1636,  4to ;  7th,  1647, 
4to;  8th,  1661, fob;  9lh,  1670,  fob;  lOtb,  1677,  fob;  11th, 
1696,  fbl. ;  I2th,  1709.  Svo;  13th,  by  Mr.  Gumming,  1806, 
Svo;  14th,  also  by  Mr.  C,  1820,  Svo.  New  ed.,  1839,  fp. 
Svo.  Century  I.,  1840,  cr.  4to.  The  Beauties  of  Owen 
Feltham,  selected  from  his  Resolves,  by  J.  A.,  was  pub. 
in  1818,  12mo.  For  an  account  of  this  excellent  work, 
and  some  other  compositions  of  Feltham,  included  in  some 
of  the  edits,  of  the  Resolves,  we  must  refer  the  reader  to 
Mr.  Cumming's  edit.,  and  to  the  Lon.  Retrosp.  Review, 
X.  343-365,  1824. 

"  We  lay  aside  the  Resolves,  as  we  part  from  our  dearest  friends, 
in  the  hope  of  frequently  returning  to  them.  We  recommend  the 
whole  of  them  to  our  readers'  perusal.  They  will  find  therein 
moi-e  solid  maxims,  as  much  piety,  and  far  better  writing,  than 
in  most  of  the  pulpit  lectures  now  current  among  us." — Ubi  supra, 
"When  Feltham  lived,  casuistry  was  a  favourite  study.  This 
volume  is  a  cabinet  of  the  fashion  of  the  day ;  full  of  gorgeous 
ornaments  of  motherof-pearl  and  shells,  and  curiously  carved, 
traced,  and  hinged." — Archdeacon  Wrangham. 

"Of  this  book,  the  first  part  of  which  was  published  in  1627,  the 
second  not  until  after  the  middle  of  the  century,  it  is  not  uncom- 
mon to  meet  with  high  praises  in  those  modern  writers,  who  pro- 
fess a  faithful  allegiance  to  our  older  literature.  For  myself,  I  can 
only  say  that  Feltham  appears  not  only  a  lalxiured  and  artificial, 
but  a  shallow,  writer.  Among  his  many  faults,  none  strike  me 
more  than  a  want  of  depth,  which  his  pointed  and  sententious 
manner  renders  more  ridiculous.  .  .  .  He  is  one  of  our  worst  wri- 
ters in  point  of  style;  with  little  vigour,  he  has  less  elegance." — 
Hallam's  Introduc.  to  Lit.  Hist.  q.  v. 

Vfe  quote  one  observation  of  Feltham's,  pertinent  to  the 
object  of  this  Dictionary. 

"It  was  an  observation  of  the  excellent  Plutarch,  that  we  ought 
to  regard  books  as  we  do  sweetmeats:  not  chiefly  to  aim  at  the 
pleasantest,  but  chiefly  to  respect  the  wholesomest ;  not  forbidding 
either,  but  approving  the  latter  most. 

Feltham  says  truly  enough,  in  another  place, 
"Learning  falls  far  short  of  wisdom,  nay.  so  far,  that  you  can 
scarcely  find  a  greater  fool  than  is  sometimes  a  mere  scholar." 

Felt,  Rev.  Joseph  B.,  b.  1789,  at  .Salem,  Massa- 
chusetts, grad.  Dartmouth  Coll.,  1813.  1.  Annals  of  Salem, 
Salem,  1827,  Svo;  1845,  2  vols.  12mo. 

"An  accurate  and  useful  work,  the  fruit  of  much  original  re- 
search."— BANCaoFT. 

2.  Historical  Account  of  Mass.achusettsCnrrency.l  839, Svo. 
"Full  of  instruction  from  beginning  to  end.  not  only  as  tlirow- 

ing  great  light  upon  the  history  of  the  country,  and  the  working 
of  its  institutions,  hut  also  giving  practical  lessons,  applicable  to 
the  present  state  of  things." — North  Amer.  Beview,  1.  '266. 

3.  Hisfory   of  Ipswich,    Essex,   and    Hamilton,    1833. 

4.  Collections  for  the  American  Statistical  Association  on 
Towns,  Population,  and  Taxation,  1847,  pp.  596.  5.  Me- 
moir of  Roger  Conant,  1848.  Mr.  Felt  has  favoured  us 
with  some  other  statistical  and  topographical  labours. 
See  Rich's  Bibl.  Amcr.  Nova;  Ludcwig's  Lit,  of  Amer. 
Local  Hist. 


"  Rev.  .Joseph  B.  Felt,  whose  profound  acquaintance  with  the 
antiquities  of  Massachusetts  is  known  to  the  public." — Hon.  Ed- 
ward Everett  :  JVotf  to  his  Address  on  the  Battle  of  Bloody  Brook, 
delivered  Sept.  30, 183S :  Orations  and  Speeclies,  vol.  i.,  3d  ed.,  1863. 
Feltham,  John.  1.  Tour  tljrough  the  Isle  of  Man 
in  1797-98.  Lon.,  179S,  Svo.  2.  The  English  Enchiridion: 
Apothegms,  Moral  Maxims,  Ac,  Bath.  1799,  cr.  Svo.  3. 
Structure  and  Economy  of  the  Human  Body,  1803,  Svo. 

Felton,  Cornelius  Conway,  since  1834  Eliot  Prof, 
of  Greek  Literature  in  Harvard  University,  b.  1807,  at  West 
Newbury,  Mass.,  has  edited  several  of  the  classics,  pub.  a 
number  of  valuable  works,  and  contributed  many  papers 
to  the  North  American  Review  and  other  periodicals. 
1.  Iliad  of  Homer,  with  Flaxman's  Illust.  and  Eng.  Notes, 
1833,  Svo;  many  eds.  2.  Menzel's  Hist,  of  German  Litera- 
ture, trans.  1840, 3  vols.  12mo.  3.  Greek  Reader.  1840, 12mo; 
many  orts.  4.  The  Clouds  of  Aristophanes,  1841 ;  repub.  in 
England;  3d  ed.  5.  The  Panegyricus  of  Isocrates,  1,847; 
2dcd.,  1854.  6.  The  Agamemnon  of  .ilschylus,  1847, 12nio. 
This  was  reviewed  by  C.  A.  Bristed  in  the  Knickerbocker, 
xsx.  246,  by  Tayler  Lewis,  xxix.  543.  Mr.  Francis  Bowen 
answered  this  article  in  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  Ixv.  239.  Other 
papers  upon  the  same  subject  will  be  found  in  the  Knick- 
erbocker, XXX.  246:  Knickerbocker,  xxx.  260.  326.  374,  by 
C.  A.  Bristed;  Amer.  Lit.  Mag.,  i.  37,  124:  Chris.  Exam., 
xliii.  140.  7.  Metres  of  the  Greeks  and  Romans.  12mo. 
S.  'Ihe  Birds  of  Aristophanes,  with  Eng.  Introd.  and  Notes  ; 
repub.  in  England.  9.  The  Earth  and  Man  :  Lectures  on 
Comparative  Piiysical  Gei'grapby,  in  relation  to  the  His- 
tory of  Mankind,  by  Prof.  Arnold  Guyot ;  trans,  by  C.  C. 
Felton,  Boston,  1849,  12mo.  Several  eds.  of  it  have  lieen 
pub.  in  England ;  it  has  been  trans,  into  German  and  cir- 
culated on  the  Continent.  Several  discourses  on  education 
and  kindred  suVijects. 

"It  will  not  only  render  the  study  of  Geography  more  attract- 
ive, but  actually  show  it  in  its  true  light :  namely,  as  the  science 
of  the  relations  which  exist  between  nature  and  man  throughout 
history:  of  the  contrasts  observed  between  the  different  parts  of 
the  globe;  of  the  laws  of  horizontal  and  vertical  forms  of  the  di-y 
land,  in  its  contact  with  the  sea;  of  climate,  4c."— Pi-of  Louis 
Agassiz. 

"The  work  is  one  of  high  merit,  exhibiting  a  wide  range  of 
knowledge,  great  research,  and  a  philosophical  spirit  of  investi- 
gation. Its  perusal  will  well  repay  the  most  learned  in  such  sub- 
jects, and  give  new  views  to  all  of  man's  relation  to  the  globe  he 
inhabits." — SUliman's  Journal. 

Also  highly  commended  by  Mr.  George  S.  Hillard,  and 
in  the  N.  Amer.  Review,  and  in  the  Christian  Examiner. 
The  value  of  Prof.  Guyot's  Mural  Map  is  well  known  to 
teachers  and  pupils.  10.  Memorial  of  Prof.  Popkin.  1852. 
11.  Selections  from  the  Greek  Historians.  12.  Smith's  Hist. 
of  Greece,  with  a  continuation,  1855.  12.  Lord  Carlisle's 
Diary  in  Turkish  and  Greek  Waters,  with  Notes  and  Illus- 
trations, 1855,  Svo.  Articles  on  Agassiz,  Athens,  and 
Attica,  in  New  Amer.  Cyc.  Professor  Felton  is  also  one  of 
the  authors  (in  conjunction  with  Profs.  Sears  and  Edwards) 
of  Miscellaneous  Essays  on  .subjects  connected  with  Classical 
Literature,  pub.  by  Gould  &,  Lincidn  of  Boston,  under  the 
title  of  Ancient  Literature  and  Art.  Such  contributions  to 
theintellcctual  wealth  of  the  country  are  indeed  invaluable. 
To  Prof  F.  we  are  also  indebted  for  the  Life  of  Wm.  Eaton 
in  Sparks's  Amer.  Biog.,  1st  Series,  ix.  163,  and  several 
other  literary  labours. 

Feltou,  Daniel.  The  Examination  and  Confession 
of  Cnjd,  Lilbiirne  and  Capt.  Viviers,  Lon.,  1642. 

Felton,  EdnioJid.  Engines  invented  to  save  much 
Blood  and  Moneys,  (in  these  Times  of  Warre,)  and  to  do 
good  Service,  Lon.,  1644,  4to. 

Felton,  George.     Serm..  1715,  Svo. 

Felton,  Heury,  Rector  of  Malford.     Serm.,  1689. 

Felton,  Henry,  D.D.,  1679-1740,  a  native  of  London, 

educated  at  Westminster  School,  the  Charter  House,  and 

Edmund  Hall.  Oxf.:  Rector  of  WhiteweU,  Derbyshire.  1711; 

Principal  of  Edmund   Hall,  1722.     1.  Colebrook   Letter, 

1706      2.  Serm.,  1711,  Svo.     3.  Dissert,  on   reading  the 

Classics,  and  forming  a  just  style,  1711  :  4th  and  best  ed., 

1757      A  hi-'bly-estecmed  work.     4.  Semis,  and  theolog. 

treatises,  1725-48.     5.  Serms.,  pub.  by  his  son,  Rev.  Wm. 

Felton,  with  Life,  174S.  „,,»=„ 

Felton,  John  H.    The  Decimal  System,  Bost.,  1859. 

Felton,  Nicholas,  d.  1626,  Master  of  Pembroke  Hall, 

Cambridge.  1616:   Bishop  of  Bristol,  1617  ;    of  Coventry 

and  Lichtield,  1618:  of  Ely,  1619.     He  was  one  of  the 

translators  of  the  Bible  temp.  James  I. 

Felton,  S.  1.  Gleanings  on  Gardens,  Lon.  2.  On  the 
Portraits  of  English  Authors  on  Gardening,  with  Biog. 
Notices;  2d  ed.,  with  addits.,  1830,  Svo. 


ess 


FEL 


FEN 


Felton,  Wm.  Letter  to  Rev.  Mr.  Romaine  on  his  Dis- 
course on  the  Law  and  the  Gospel,  176],  8vo.     Serm.,  1773. 

Felton,  Wm,,  a  London  coaeh-makor.  Carriages 
and  Harness.  179-4,  '95;  Supp.,  1796,  3  vols.  8vo. 

FeltweU,  R.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1660,  4to. 

Feu,  James.     iSerm.,  16S6,  4to. 

Feu.     See  Fenn. 

Fenby,  Thomas.  English  Synonymes;  a  Copious 
Dictionary  of  Synonymes,  Classified  and  Explained:  with 
an  Outline  of  English  Grammar,  a  vSelectiun  of  Latin  and 
French  Quotations,  with  corresponding  English  Transla- 
tions. &c.,  Liverp.,  1853.  12mo. 

Fencer,  James.  The  Cow  Ragious  Castle-Combat, 
Lon.,  1635,  '45,  4to.     A  poetical  tract. 

Fenn,  Lady,  pub.,  under  the  assumed  name  of  Mrs. 
Lovechild,  a  number  of  useful  educational  works,  of  which 
the  sale  has  been  very  large.  1.  The  Child's  Grammar; 
44th  ed.,  Lon.,  1851,  18mo.  2.  The  Mother's  Grammar; 
22d  ed.,  1849.  ISmo.  3.  Parsing  Lessons  for  Elder  Pupils. 
4.  For  Children;  new  ed.,  1849,  18mo.  5.  Grammatical 
Amusements;  in  a  box.  6.  Sunday  Miscellany.  7.  Short 
Sermons  for  Young  Persons.  Under  the  name  of  S.  Love- 
child,  was  pub.,  in  1S52,  Lon.,  12mo,  Sketclies  of  Little 
Boys  and  Girls. 

Fenn,  Fen,  or  Feune,  John,  d.  1615,  a  R.  Catholic 
divine,  a  native  of  Montacute,  Somersetshire.  Fellow  of 
New  Coll.,  Oxf.,  1552,  became  confessor  to  the  English 
nuns  at  Louvain.  Life  of  St.  Catherine  of  Sienna,  from 
the  Italian,  1609,  8vo.  lie  also  wrote  Vitae  quorundam 
Martyrum  in  Anglia,  and  other  pieces,  and  made  trans. 
of  Bishop  Fisher's  and  other  works.  See  Athen.  Oxon.; 
Wood's  Annals;  Dodd's  Ch.  Hist.;  Fuller's  Worthies. 

Fenn,  Sir  John,  1739-1794,  an  antiquary,  a  native 
of  Norwich,  made  a  large  collection  of  original  letters, 
written  during  the  reigns  of  Henry  VI.,  Edward  IV., 
Richard  IIL,  and  Henry  VII.,  by  members  of  the  Paston 
Family,  and  others,  who  were  personally  conversant  with 
the  events  of  their  times.  Two  vols,  were  pub.  in  1787, 4to, 
and  2  more  in  1789,  4to;  vol.  v.,  1823,  4to.  There  are  a 
few  copies  of  the  first  four  vols,  on  large  paper,  which  bring 
a  high  price.  Indeed,  a  set  of  the  ordinary  size,  first  edit., 
was  formerly  worth  about  ten  guineas.  Of  the  first  two 
vols,  there  were  two  edits.,  of  which  the  second  is  to  be 
preferred,  having  addits.  and  corrections  by  the  editor  and 
George  Steevens.  New  ed.,  2  vols,  in  1,  sq.  12mo,  1840. 
Also  in  Knight's  Miscellanies,  1840,  '41,  2  vols,  sq.,  and 
in  Bohn's  Antiquarian  Library,  1849,  2  vols,  in  1,  12mo. 
In  the  new  edits,  the  duplicate  version  of  the  letters,  in 
old  English,  is  omitted. 

"  The  Paston  Letters  are  an  important  testimony  to  the  progres- 
sive condition  of  society,  and  come  in  as  a  preirious  link  in  the 
chain  of  the  moral  history  of  Enj^land,  which  thuy  alone  in  this 
period  supply.  .  .  .  Pictures  of  the  life  of  the  English  gentry  in 
that  ai^e." — Hallajii^s  Introduct.  to  Lit.  of  Europe. 

"  The  letters  of  Henry  the  Sixth's  reign  are  come  out,  and  to 
tne  make  all  other  letters  not  worth  reading.  I've  gone  through 
above  one  volume,  and  cannot  hear  to  be  writing  when  I  am  so 
eager  to  be  reading." — Hokace  Walpole:  Letters  to  Lady  Os^sory. 

'' Friday.  Ff6.  9,  17S7. 

'*I  am  now  reading  the  Paston  Family  Original  Letters,  written 
in  the  wars  of  York  and  LancastL-r,  and  am  greatly  entei-tained 
with  them.  Their  antique  air,  thuir  unstudii'd  '■ominuniration  of 
the  modes  of  those  old  times,  with  their  uudnul'tnl  juitlicuticity, 
render  them  highly  interesting,  curinus,  ami  iTifnruiiiig.  The 
Queen  told  me  she  had  beun  much  struck  with  the  Duke  of  Suf- 
folk's letter  to  his  son.  It  is  indeed  both  interesting  and  instruct- 
ive."— Madame  D'Arblay's  Diary. 

Sir  John  also  pub.  Three  Chronological  Tables  of  the 
members  of  the  Society  of  Antiquaries,  1784,  4to. 

Fenn,  Joseph.     Semis.,  Lon.,  18.30,  8vo. 

Fenn,  Richard.  Panegyricon  Inaugurale  PrEetoris 
Regii,  iic.  16;'>7,  4to. 

Fenn,  Warwell.  Serms..  Colch.,  1830.  '36,  2  vols.  8vo. 

Fenue,  Thomas.  Fenne's  Fruits,  Lon.,  1590,  4to. 
This  work  treats  of  Fame,  War,  the  Trojans,  Ac. 

Fennel,  James,  1766-1816,  a  native  of  London,  an 
actor,  emigrated  to  Philadelphia,  where  he  died.  1.  State- 
ment of  Facts  rel.  to  a  disturb,  at  the  Edin.  Theatre,  1788, 
8vo.  2.  Lindor  and  Clara;  a  Comedy.  1791,  8vo.  3.  Pro- 
ceedings at  Paris,  1792,  8vo.  4.  Apology  for  his  Life, 
1814,  2  vols.     See  Biog.  Dramat. 

Fenner,  Dudley,  d.  15S7,  aged  about  30,  a  Puritan 
divine,  pub.  several  theolog.  treatises,  1583-94,  and  the 
Artes  of  Logike  and  Rhetorike,  1584,  4to.     See  Bibl.  Brit. 

Fenner,  Lud.  John.     Serm.,  1777,  8vo. 

Fenner,  Wm.,  b.  1600,  d.  abuut  1G40,  a  Puritan  di- 
vine, educated  at  Pembroke  Hall,  Camb.,  became  a  preacher 
at  Sedgeley,  Stafiordshire;  Rector  of  Rochiord,  Essex, 
1629.  Works,  consisting  of  Serms.  and  Discourses,  Lon., 
1657,  fol. 


*'  His  works  discover  much  acquaintance  with  religion  in  all  its 
parts ;  his  inanuer  plain,  zealous,  and  alarming." —  Wdhanis's  C.  P. 

Feuning,  Daniel.  Works  on  mathematics,  geo- 
graphv,  philology,  and  commerce,  Lon.,  1750-72.  See 
Bibl.  Brit. 

Fennor,  Wm.  1.  Fennor*s  Defence,  Lon.,  1615,  8vo, 
2.  Speeches  before  the  King  and  Queen,  Ac,  1616,  4to. 
Bibl.  Anglo-Poet,  916,  £5  5».  Reprinted  in  Nichols'3 
Progresses  of  K.  James  I.  3.  The  Compter's  Common- 
wealth, 1617,  4to.  This  describes  the  troubles  of  an  un- 
fortunate debtor  in  the  hands  of  Serjeants  and  jailers. 
4.  Lawes,  .Justice,  and  Equity  of  a  Compter,  1629,  4to. 

Fenton,  Edward,  d.  1603,  a  navigator,  a  native  of 
Nottinghamshire,  and  a  brother  of  Sir  tieoffrey  Fenton. 
Certaine  Secretes  and  Wonders  of  Nature,  Lon.,  1569,  4to. 
Voyage  to  Magellan  in  1582,  written  by  his  Vice-Admiral, 
Luke  Ward.     See  Callander's  Voyages,  i.,  p.  373,  1766, 

Fenton,  Elijah,  1683-1730,  a  native  of  Shelton, 
Staffordshire,  educated  at  Jesus  Coll.,  Camb.,  is  best  known 
as  the  assistant  of  Pope  in  the  trans,  of  the  Odyssey.  In 
this  capacity  he  has  already  come  under  our  notice.  See 
Broome,  William.  Although,  according  to  Johnson  and 
Warton,  Fenton  trans,  only  the  1st,  4th,  19th,  and  20th 
books,  yet  the  Earl  of  Orrery  asserts  that  he  really  trans, 
double  the  number  of  books  that  Pope  has  owned: — 

'•  His  reward  was  a  trifle — an  an-ant  trille.  He  has  even  told  me 
that  he  thou^'ht  Pope  feared  him  more  than  he  loved  him.  Ue 
had  no  npiuiou  of  Pope's  heart,  and  declared  hioi,  in  the  words  of 
Bishop  Atterbury,  Meiis  curva  in  corpore  cun'o." — Earl  of  Orrery's 
Lfiter  to  Mr.  Duncomhe. 

He  was  for  some  time  master  of  the  Free  Grammar 
School  at  Sevenoaks,  Kent,  and  subsequently  tutor  to 
Lord  Broghill,  son  of  his  friend,  the  Earl  of  Orrery. 
1.  Poems  on  several  occasions,  Lon.,  1717,  8vo.  2.  Mari- 
anne ;  a  Tragedy,  8vo. 

"  The  tenor  of  his  verse  is  so  uniform  that  it  cannot  he  thought 
casual:  and  yet,  upon  what  principle  he  so  constructed  it  as  it  is, 
is  difficult  to  discover." — Dr.  JuhnsQiCs  Lift  of  Fenton. 

3.  Waller's  Poems,  with  Notes,  1729. 

*'  Notes  often  useful,  often  entertaining,  but  too  much  extended 
by  long  quotations  from  Clarendon.  Illustrations  drawn  fi-om  a 
book  so  easily  consulted  should  be  made  by  references  rather  than 
transcription." — Dr.  Johnson  :  vhi  supra.  Life  of  Miltoit  prefixed 
to  the  2'ocms  of  the  latter,  1723. 

"He  undertook  to  revise  the  punctuation  of  Milton's  poems, 
which,  as  the  author  neither  wrote  the  original  copy  nor  corrected 
the  press,  was  supposed  to  be  capable  of  amendment.  To  this  edi- 
tion he  prefixed  a  short  and  elegant  account  of  Milton's  life,  written 
at  once  with  tenderness  and  integrity." — Da.  Johnson  :  tdn  supra. 

See  Johnson's  Lives  of  the  English  Poets;  Nichols's 
Poems;  Bowles's  ed.  of  Pope;  Ruffhead's  Pope;  Spence's 
Anecdotes. 

Fenton,  Sir  Geoffrey,  Geffrey,  or  Jeffrey,  d. 

1608,  a  brother  of  Edward  Fenton,  q.  v.,  was  a  sagacious 
statesman,  for  twenty-seven  years  "privy-councillor  in 
Ireland,"  and  a  great  favourite  with  Queen  Elizabeth. 
1.  Certain  Tragicall  Discourses,  Written  out  of  Frencho 
and  Latiue,  Lon.,  1567,  '79,  4to. 

'"  In  point  of  selection  of  size,  perhaps  the  most  capital  collection 
of  this  kind  is  Fenton's  book  of  tragical  novels." — Warton's  Hist. 
of  Eng.  Pnetry. 
"  The  learned  stories  erste,  and  sugred  tayles  that  laye 

Kemoude  from  simple  common  sence,  this  writer  doth  displaye." 
— George  Tubervtlle  :  Kecommendatory  Poems,  prefixed  to  Certain 
7^-agicall  Discmirses. 

Golden  Epistles,  from  Guevara  and  other  Authours,  La- 
tin, French,  and  Italian,  1575,  77,  '82,  4to.  The  Epistles 
of  Guevara,  in  this  vol.,  are  not  contained  in  the  collection 
of  his  Epistles  pub.  by  Edward  llellowes  in  1674.  Fenton 
pub.  several  other  translations  into  English,  the  best  known 
of  which  is  The  History  of  Guieciardin,  1579,  ful.;  2d  cd., 
1599,  ful.;  3ded.,  1618,  foL 

"  Fenton  is  a  good  old  translator." — Loii.  Qmr.  Rev. 

'■  Even  Guicciardin's  siluer  Historie,  and  Ariosto'sgolden  Cantos, 
growe  out  of  refjuest.  and  the  Countess  of  Pembroke's  Arcadia  is 
not  greene  enough  for  queasie  stomaches,  but  they  must  haue 
Greene's  Arcadia." — Gjbriel  Harvey's  Foure  Letters,  <f-c.,  Lon.,  1592, 
4to,  lett.  iii..  p.  29. 

"It  is  probably  to  this  book  that  Gabriel  Harvey,  Spenser's 
Hobbinol,  alludes." — Warton's  Hist,  of  Eng.  Poetry. 

Of  Guicciardini's  celebrated  history  we  shall  have  some- 
what to  say  when  we  come  to  notice  Goddard's  translation. 
See  GoDDARD,  Austin  Parke. 

Fentou,  J.  King  James:  his  Welcome  to  London, 
Lon.,  1603,  4to.  Bibl.  Anglo-Poet.,  931,  £3  3s.  North, 
Pt.  .3,  792.  £2  9s. 

Fenton,  Richard,  a  Welsh  barrister,  d.  1821.  An 
Historical  Tour  through  Pcmlirokeshiro,  a  map,  .ind  30  en- 
gravings by  Storcr  and  Greig,  Lon.,  181 1,  4to,  ami  imp.  4to. 
In  this  valuable  work,  which  is  rich  in  the  history  and  an- 
tiquities of  Wales,  the  author  had  the  assistance  of  Sir 
Richard  Colt  Hoare.     Mr.  Fenton  also  wrote  A  Tour  in 


FEN 

Search  of  a  Genealogy,  Memoirs  of  an  Old  Wig,  and  left 
a  MS.  trans,  of  Athenaus. 

Fenton,  Roger,  D.D.  1.  Answer  to  W.  Alabaster— 
his  Motives,  Lon.,  1609,  -Ito.  2.  Treatise  of  Usury.  1612, 
4to.  See  an  examination  of  this  in  Sir  Roliert  Filmer's 
Quffistio  Quodlibetica,  1653,  '58,  8to.  3.  6  Serms.,  1616. 
4.  Ch.  of  Rome,  1617,  4to. 

Feuton,  Thomas,  Rector  of  Natoly-scures,  Hamp- 
shire. Annotations  on  the  Book  of  Job,  and  the  Psalms, 
collected  from  several  commentators,  and  methodized  and 
improved,  Lon.,  1732,  8vo.  1 

Fenwick,  Lt.  Col.     Address  to  Infantry,  1803,  4to.  j 

Fenwick,  Mrs.  E.  Secrecy;  a  Norel,  1799,  3  vols. 
12mo.     2.  Infantine  Stories,  1815,  12mo. 

"  One  of  the  most  interesting  books  that  can  posfiibly  be  put  into 
the  hands  of  a  child." 

Fenwick,  George,  a  Hutchinsonian  divine,  Rector 
of  Hallaton,  Leicestershire.  1.  Serms.,  Ac,  1737-58. 
2.  Thoughts  on  the  Hebrew  Titles  of  the  Psalms,  Ac,  Lon., 
1749,  8vo. 

"  A  curious  and  r.ither  interesting  production,  and  the  only  trea- 
tise on  the  .'iutijcct.  1  suppose,  in  our  language.  .  .  .  The  object  is 
to  show  that  Christ  or  his  church  is  the  burden  of  .ill  the  P.calms ; 
and  that  this  is  indicated  bv  the  titles  of  many  of  them.  It  is 
often,  no  doubt,  both  fanciful  and  hypothelical,  and  largely  im- 
bued with  the  theology  of  his  master;  but  the  hooii  contains  both 
learning  and  piety,  and  will  reward  a  perusal." — Orme's  BiU.  Btb. 

3.  The  Psalter  in  its  Original  Form,  1759,  8vo.  The 
design  here  is  the  same  as  in  the  former  work. 

*' "Written  on  this  hypothesis.  Mr.  Fenwick  is  often  fanciful  in 
his  interpretations,  lie  has,  however,  many  happy  renderings." — 
Umiie-s  llihi.  Bih. 

Fenwick,  John.  Mem.  of  Dumourior,  1794,  2  vols. 
8vo.  1.  The  Trial  of  J.  Coigley,  1798.  8vo.  2.  The  In- 
dian; a  Farce,  1800,  8vo.     3.  Grammars.  Ac,  1811. 

Fenwick,  John  Ralph,  M.D.,  of  Durham.  1.  Cal- 
careous Manures  ;  Electric  Fluids  in  Vegetation,  1798,  Svo. 

"The  author  trod  the  old  path,  and  did  not  find  a  new  read  to 
Itny  point." — Donaldson's  Ai/ricuU.  Bing. 

2.  Life  of  John  Clerk,  M.D.,  1806,  Svo.  3.  Oil  of  Tur- 
peutine  in  Ta>nia,  in  Med.  Chir.  Trans.,  ISll. 

Fenwick,  H.  O.     The  Goblin  Groom.  Edin.,  1S07, 4to. 

Fenwick,  Thomas.  1.  Practical  Mechanics,  Newc, 
1801,  Svo.     2.  Subterraneous  Surveying,  &c.,  1804,  Svo. 

Fenwick, Wm.  Theolog.  treatises,  Lon.,  1642,  '43,  4tn. 

Fenwick,  Wm.     Semi..  1701,  8vn. 

Fenwieke,  Lt,  Col,  John.  Christ  ruling  in  the 
miilst  of  his  Enemies,  Lon.,  1643,  4to. 

Ferebe,  George.  R.  AbrahamiFil.  Rattani,  Prcecep- 
ta  Judaicaaffirmativaacnegativa;  Lat. ;  Camb.,  1597,  Svo. 

Fergns,  Henry.  Laws  and  Institutions  of  Moses, 
Dumf.  and  Lon.,  (1811.)  Svo.  This  is  detached  from  the 
author's  unpublished  Hist,  of  the  Hebrews. 

"His  pamphlet  displ.iys  in  a  concise  yet  luminouB  manner  the 
several  topirs  whirh  the  ecclesiastical  government  of  the  Hebrews 
includes." — Lon.  Month.  Rev. 

2.  Hist,  of  the  U.  States  of  America,  1492-1829,  Lon., 
1830-32,  2  vols.  12mo.  3.  The  Testimony  of  Nature  and 
Revelation  to  the  Being,  Perfection,  and  Govt,  of  God, 
Edin..  1833.  p.  Svo. 

'•  It  displays  infinitely  more  of  orii^inal  thought  and  patient  re- 
search than  the  volumes  published  by  the  Managers  of  his  Lord- 
ship's [the  Bridgewattr]  Legacy." — Lon.  Athentsum. 

'•  He  has  avowedly  availed  himself  at  times  of  Ray.  Derham,  and 
Paley;  but  his  volume  has  many  sources  of  illustration  not  known 
to  tliose  writers."— Z.'>n.  Month.  Hev. 

Also  commended  in  the  Cong.  Mag.,  Evang.  Mag.,  Dubl. 
tJniv.  Mag.,  &c. 

4.  Readings  in  Natural  Theology,  Oxf.,  1S3S,  fp.  Svo. 
Fergnson.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1615,  4to. 
Ferguson.     Encroachments  of  Chas.  XL,  1689. 
Ferguson.     View  of  an  Ecclesiastick,  1698,  4to. 
Ferguson  and  Vance.     Tenure  of  Land  in  Ireland, 

1854,  Svo. 

"  A  very  full  and  detailed  statement  of  the  various  modes  of 
holding  laud  in  Ireland,  the  cultivation  of  the  soil,  its  products, 
and  value." — Dfmakhon''s  AgricuH.  Biog. 

Ferguson,  Adam.     Serm.,  1745. 

Ferguson,  Adam,  LL.D.,  1724-1816,  a  son  of  the 
Rev.  Adam  Ferguson,  minister  of  Logic  Rait,  Perthshire, 
was  educated  at  the  University  of  St.  Andrew's,  where  be 
was  distinguished  for  his  acquirements.  In  1744  he  en- 
tered the  42d  regiment  as  chaplain,  and  occupied  this  post 
until  1757,  when  he  accepted  the  situation  of  tutor  in  the 
family  of  Lord  Bute.  In  1759  he  was  chosen  Professor  of 
Natural  Philosophy  in  the  University  of  Edinburgh,  and 
five  years  later,  in  1764.  obtained  the  professorship  of  Mo- 
ral Philosophy.  From  1773  to  1775  he  travelled  on  the 
Continent  with  the  Earl  of  Chesterfield.  In  1778  he  was 
appointed  secretary  to  the  commissioners  sent  to  America 
to  endeavour  to  effect  an  amicable  compromise  with  the 


FER 

con'n'ess  representing  the  different  States.  In  1785  he  re- 
signed the  professorship  of  Moral  Philosophy  in  favour  of 
Dugald  Stewart.  Late  in  life  he  paid  another  visit  to  the 
Continent,  and  on  his  return  retired  to  St.  Andrew's,  where 
he  lived  in  the  enjoyment  of  literary  society  until  1816, 
when  ho  died,  in  the  93d  year  of  his  age.  1.  An  Essay  on 
the  Hist,  of  Civil  Society,  Edin.,  1767,  4to;  7th  ed.,  Lon., 
1811,  Svo. 

"There  are  uncommon  strains  of  eloquence  in  it;  and  I  was 
surprised  to  find  not  one  single  idiom  of  his  country  (I  thiukj  in 
the  whole  work.  His  appliratiou  to  the  heart  is  frefiuent,  and 
often  successful.  His  love  of  Montesquieu  and  Tacitus  has  led 
him  into  a  manner  of  writinii  too  short-winded  and  sententious, 
which  those  great  men,  had  they  lived  in  hetter  times,  and  under 
a  better  government,  would  have  avoided." — Gray,  t/ic  p':et. 

2.  Institutes  of  Moral  Philosophy,  for  the  use  of  Stu- 
dents, Edin.,  1769,  '70,  12mo.  3.  A  Reply  to  Dr.  Price  on 
Civil  and  Religious  Liberty,  1776.  4.  The  Hist,  of  the 
Progress  and  Termination  of  the  Roman  Republic,  Lon., 
178:1,  3  vols.  4to;  1805,  5  vols.  Svo.  The  value  of  this 
work  is  well  Itnown. 

"  Authentic  and  dignified ;  and  the  latter  volumes,  on  the  strug- 
gles and  termination  of  the  Republic,  are  full  of  interesting  reflec- 
tions."— Ch.vncellor  Kent. 

"  I  comfort  myself,  that  as  my  trade  is  the  study  of  human  na- 
ture, I  could  not  fix  on  a  more  interesting  corner  of  it  than  the 
end  of  the  Roman  republic.  Whether  my  compilations  should 
ever  deserve  the  attention  of  any  one  besides  myself,  must  remain 
to  be  determined  after  they  are  further  advanced." — Zetfcr  to  Ed- 
waril  mlihon,  IWi  April,  1776,  be/ore  the  completion  of  the  work  as 
piilitishcd. 

Ferguson's  History  is  carried  down  to  the  end  of  the 
reign  of  Tiberius,  and  should  be  read  as  an  introduction 
to  Gibbon's  Decline  and  Fall.     Ferguson  was  also  the  au- 
thor of  several  minor  publications.     See  Chambers's  Lives 
of  Illust.  and  Dist.  Scotsmen ;  Soots  Mag. ;  Public  Cha- 
racters, 1799, 1800  :  Lockhart's  Life  of  Scott;  Encyc.  Brit. 
Ferguson,   Andrew.      The    Gardener's    Universal 
Guide,  "Lon.,  17SS,  Svo. 
Ferguson,  Andrew,  M.D.     Med.  Researches,  1801. 
Ferguson,  or  Fergusson,  David.     Collection  of 
Scottish  Proverbs.    Printed  about  1598.    Reprinted,  Edin., 
1785. 

Ferguson,  Elizabeth  Grteme,  1739-1801.  a  native 
of  Philadelphia,  was  a  daughter  of  Dr.  Thomas  Grseme,  an 
eminent  Scotch  physici.an,  settled  in  Philadelphia,  son-in- 
law  to  Sir  William  Keith,  Governor  of  Pennsylvania,  1717- 
1726.  She  married  Hugh  Henry  Ferguson,  a  Scotchman, 
from  whom  she  was  separated  in  1775,  in  consequence  of 
Mr.  Ferguson's  adherence  to  the  British  Government  on 
the  occurrence  of  the  American  Revolution.  She  trans. 
FenCdon's  Telemachus  into  English  heroic  verse;  this  has 
not  been  printed;  (the  MS.  is  in  the  Franklin  Library, 
Phila. ;)  but  some  of  her  minor  poems,  letters,  &c.  have 
been  given  to  the  world.  For  an  interesting  account  of 
this  lady,  and  an  estimate  of  her  merits  as  an  author,  and 
some  specimens  of  her  composition,  see  Griswold's  Female 
Poets  of  America.  See  also  E.  A.  and  G.  L.  Duyckincks' 
Cyc.  of  Amer.  Lit.,  for  her  poetical  correspondence  with 
Rev.  Nathaniel  Evans,  which  is  not  without  merit. 
Ferguson,  H.  Serm.,  1743,  Svo. 
Ferguson,  or  Fergusson,  James,  Minister  at  Kil- 
winning, Scotland.  1.  Expos,  of  the  1st  and  2d  Epist.  to 
the  Philippians  and  Colossians,  Lon.,  1656,  Svo.  2.  E.xpos. 
of  the  1st  and  2d  Epist.  to  the  Qalatians  and  Ephesians, 
1659,  12mo. 

"  They  abound  with  pertinent  observations  deduced  from  the 
text  considered  in  its  proper  connexion,  and  in  a  method  almost 
peculiar  to  the  Scottish  divines  of  the  last  century."— Z'r.  Wilr 
liams's  C.  P. 

3.  Expos,  of  the  1st  and  2d  Epist.  to  the  Thessalonians, 
1675,  12mo. 

"These  short  expositions  [all  of  the  above]  are  uncommonly 
sensible,  and  display  very  considerable  capacity  for  explaiuing  tho 
Bible."— Omif's  Bibl.  Bib. 

New  ed.  of  the  above,  in  1  vol.  large  Svo,  Lon..  1S41. 

4.  Serms.  on  the  Errors  of  Toleration,  Erastianism,  Inde- 
pendency, and  Separation,  with  four  occasional  Serms., 
Edin.,  1698,  Svo. 

"A  good  old  Scotch  writer."— Bfc;,ersW/i's  C.  S. 

Ferguson,  James,  1710-1776,  a  native  of  Keith, 
Bamffshire,  whilst  yet  very  young,  without  the  advantages 
of  education,  exhibited  a  remarkable  genius  for  mechanical 
and  astronomical  investigations.  Whilst  employed  in  the 
humble  capacity  of  a  shepherd,  he  continued  his  studies 
with  untiring  zeal.  In  1743  he  came  to  London,  where 
he  attracted  great  attention  by  the  publication  of  astrono- 
mical tables,  and  the  delivery  of  lectures,  repeated  in  many 
towns  in  England,  on  experimental  philosophy.  A  list  of 
his  publications  and  contributions  to  Phil.  Trans,  will  be 
found  in  Bibl.  Brit.     Works,  edited  by  Sir  David  Brewster, 

587 


FER 


FER 


Edin.,  5  vols.  8vo.     Lectures  on  select  Subjects  in  Mccha-  ! 
nics,  Hydrostatics,  &c.,  edited  by  Sir  B.  B.,  2  vols.  8vo. 
Astronomy  explained  upon  Sir  T^^aac  Newton's  principles, 
1821,  2  vols,  8vo.     New  ed.,  18-11,  2  vols.  8vo. 

"He  was  universally  considered  as  at  the  head  of  astronomy 
and  mechanics  in  this  nation  of  philosophers;  and  he  raij!;ht  justly 
he  styled  self-taught,  or  rather  heaven-tauirht,  for  iu  his  whole  life 
he  had  not  received  above  half  a  year's  instruction  at  school." — 
Encyc.  Brit.     See  Chambers's  Lives  of  TUust.  and  Dist.  Scotsmen. 

Fergruson,  Sir  James,  of  Kilhenam,  one  of  the  sena- 
tors of  the  College  of  Justice.  Decisions  of  the  Ct.  of  Ses- 
sions, 1738-52,  in  the  form  of  a  Dictionary.  Pub.  by  his 
son,  Edin.,  1755,  fol. 

Ferguson,  James.  1.  Volunteer  Corps,  Edin.,  1806, 
Svo.  2.  Reform  in  Civil  Justice,  1807,  8vo.  3.  New  Biog. 
Diet,  1810, 18mo.  4.  Bill  rel.  to  separate  Tribunal,  1824, 
Svo.     5.  Entails,  1830,  Svo. 

"A  well-timed  and  admirable  treAtise." — Ayr  Advertiser. 

6.  Addit.  Obs.  on  Entails,  8vo.  7.  Actions  of  Divorce, 
1823.  8vo. 

*'  The  discussions  embrace  some  of  the  most  important,  and,  per- 
haps, some  of  the  most  difficult,  questions  which  can  be  agitated 
in  a  court  of  law.'' — Lon.  Quart.  Rev. 

8.  Consistorial  Law  in  Scotland,  1829.  8vo, 

Ferguson,  John.     Surg.  con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1738. 

Ferguson,  or  Fergusson,  John.  A  Diet,  of  the 
Hindostan  Language,  Lon.,  1773,  4to.  The  principal  part 
of  the  impression  was  lost  at  sea. 

Ferguson,  Robert,  d.  1714.  was  ejected  in  1662  from 
his  living  of  Godmarshara,  Kent.  1.  Justification,  Lon., 
1668,  12mo.  2.  Moral  Virtue,  1673,  8vo.  3.  The  Interest 
of  Keason  in  Religion,  of  the  Use  of  Scripture  Metaphors, 
Ac,  1675.  8vo. 

"  Part  of  a  controversy  in  which  the  author  and  some  others 
were  engaged  with  Dr.  Sherlock.  .  .  .  Ferguson's  work  contaips 
some  judicious  remarks  on  the  use  of  reason  in  religion,  and  also 
on  the  metaphysical  language  of  Scripture." — Orme's  Bill.  Brit. 

Other  works.  For  a  notice  of  works  pub.  against  Fergu- 
son's views,  see  Lowndes's  Brit.  Librarian,  758. 

Ferguson,  Robert.  1.  The  Shadow  of  the  Pyramid; 
a  series  of  Sonnets,  Lon.,  1847,  fp.  8vo.  2.  The  Pipe  of 
Repose;  or.  Recollections  of  Eastern  Travel,  1848,  12mo; 
3d  ed.,  1852,  sq. 

"  We  do  not  disparage  *  Eothen,'  when  we  offer  an  opinion  that 
It  is  Eotheti  in  niiTiiature,  Enfhen  in  spirit,  Eothen  in  popular  at- 
traction, and  quite  Eothen  iu  talent." — Lon.  Literari/  Gaz. 

3.  Swiss  Men  and  Swiss  Mountains,  1853,  16mo. 

Ferguson,  Robert.  A  Catalogue  of  Books  in  his 
Library.  Edin.,  1S17,  4to.     Privately  printed. 

Ferguson,  Robert,     See  Feugusson. 

Ferguson,  Win.  Interest  Tables,  Edin.,  1839, 12mo. 
New  ed.,  1853,  12mo. 

"For  completeness,  simple  arrangement,  and  consequent  ease 
of  reference,  these  Tables  excel  every  work  on  Interest  which  we 
have  yet  seen." — .Scotsman. 

Ferguson,  Wm.  1.  Spiritual  Ruin,  &c.  in  the  dio- 
cese of  Oxford,  Lon.  2.  The  Impending  Danger  of  our 
Country.  1848,  fp.  8vo. 

"The  facts  of  this  volume  are  heart-rending  and  appalling,  and 
the  nature  of  the  remedy  is  a  probU-ni  whirh  OTiuht  earnestly  to 
occupy  every  politician  and  every  enlarged  Christian." — A'onc&n- 
Jurmtst. 

Ferguson,  Wm.  D.  1.  Practice  of  Cts.  in  Ireland, 
Dubl..  1841,  '42,  2  vols.  Svo. 

"■  Of  the  treatises  which  have  appeared  on  the  practice  of  the 
Courts,  I  may  especially  allude  to  that  of  Mr.  Ferguson,  a  work  of 
very  great  merit  and  very  considerable  accuracy." — Professor 
Napier. 

2.  Practical  Proceed,  and  Pleadings  of  Cts.  in  Ireland, 
1845,  8vo.  3.  Irish  Cts.  Registrations,  1846,  12mo.  4.  Law 
of  Railway  Companies  in  Ireland,  1848,  12mo.  5.  Code 
rel.  to  Churches,  Lon.,  1851,  8vo.  6.  Tenure  and  iinprov, 
of  Land  in  Ireland,  1851.  Svo. 

Fergusone,or  Fergusson, David.  Sermon  preachit 
befoire  the  Regent  and  Nubilitic,  Sant'tandrois,  1572,  Svo. 

Fergusson,  David.  Epitbalamium  mysticum  Salo- 
monis  Regis,  Ac,  Edin.,  1677,  12mo. 

Fergusson,  James.  1.  Ancient  Topog.  of  Jerusa- 
lem, 1847,  imp.  Svo.  2.  Ancient  Architecture  in  Hindos- 
tan, Lon.,  1847,  fol. 

"  Exquisite  specimens  of  artistic  skill,  enhanced  in  value  by 
the  Ciithfuliiess  with  which  every  scene  and  place  is  recorded." — 
Lon.  Art  Union. 

3.  Hist.  Inquiry  into  the  true  Principles  of  Beauty  in 
Art,  more  especially  with  reference  to  Arehitceture,  1S48, 
imp.  8vo.  See  commendation  in  Lon.  Eclectic  Review. 
4.  The  Palaces  of  Nineveh  and  Pei'sepolis  Restored, 
1851,  Svo. 

*'This  lionk  contains  many  things  of  general  interest  relating  to 
one  of  the  most  wonderful  discoveries  that  have  occurred  in  the  his- 
tory of  the  world." — Lon.  Gent.  Mag. 

Other  works. 

Fergusson,  Robert,  1750-1774,  a  Scotch  poet  of  con- 

5SS 


siderablo  merit,  was  a  native  of  Edinburgh,  and  educated 
at  the  University  of  St.  Andrew's.  He  contributed  many 
pieces  to  Ruddiman's  Weekly  Magazine,  (commenced  in 
1768,)  which  he  pub.  in  a  volume  in  1773,  Edin.,  12moj 
Perth,  1789,  2  vols.  12mo;  Glasg.,  1800,  12mo.  AVith  Life, 
by  Alex.  Peterkin,  Edin.,  1807,  Greenock,  1810,  Svo.  With 
Life,  by  David  Irving  ;  numerous  edits.  A  new  ed.  has  re- 
cently been  pub.  by  A.  FuUarton.  Edinburgh. 

'*The  most  correct  and  authc-ntic  colleLtiou  of  the  works  of  Fer- 
gusson extant." — North  British  Mail. 

"An  edition  of  Fergusson,  such  as  this  is — complete,  careful,  and 
handsome — was  wanted,  and  is  welcome." — Scotsman. 

Habits  of  dissipation  resulted  in  poverty  and  despond- 
ency, and  the  poet  ended  his  life  in  the  Insane  Asylum  at 
Edinburgh.  An  interesting  memoir  of  Fergus.^on  will  be 
found  in  Chambers's  Lives  of  Illust.  and  Dist.  Scotsmen. 
Burns  greatly  admired  Fergusson,  and  was  stimulated  to 
poetical  composition  by  reading  his  effusions.  He  erected 
a  monument  to  his  memory  in  the  Canongate  churchyard, 
and  often  bewails  his  unhappy  end,  both  in  his  prose  and 
poetical  pieces.  Wo  nuute  the  following  elegy,  written  by 
Burns  in  a  copy  of  Fergusson's  works: 

"Curse  on  ungrateful  man  that  can  be  pleased, 
And  yet  can  starve  the  author  of  his  pleasure! 
Oh.  thou,  my  elder  brother  in  misfortune; 
By  far  my  elder  brother  in  the  muses. 
With  tears  I  pity  thy  unhappy  fate! 
"Why  is  the  bard  untitted  for  the  world. 
Yet  has  so  keen  a  relish  of  its  pleasures?" 

This  is  all  very  absurd.  If  "the  bard"  would  cultivate 
industry  and  virtue,  instead  of  addicting  himself  to  the 
"good  sherria  sack,"  he  would  do  well  enough  in  "the 
world." 

Fergusson,  Robert.  1.  Representation  in  Scotland, 
&c.,  1792,  Svo.  2.  Proceed,  rel.  to  Earl  of  Thanet,  &c.. 
1799,  Ac. 

Fergusson,  Wm.,  M.D.  1.  Con.  to  Med.  Chirurg. 
Trans.,  ISU,  '13.  2.  Notes  and  Rccollec.  of  a  Profesa. 
Life,  edited  by  his  son,  James  Fergusson,  Lon.,  1846,  8vo, 

"  To  the  medical  ofBcer.  and.  we  may  add.  in  many  instances,  to 
the  civil  practitioner  also,  it  cannot  fell  to  prove  both  interesting 
and  useful." — United  S'-n^ice  Gaz. 

3.  A  System  of  Practical  Surgery,  1842,  fp.  8vo ;  3d  ed., 
1852;  4th  Amer.  from  the  3d  Lon.  ed.,  Phila.,  1854,  Svo. 

'■  We  feel  persuaded  it  will  prove  as  great  a  fiivourite  as  it  de- 
serves." — Edin.  Jour,  of  M^d.  Science. 

■'No  work  was  ever  written  which  more  nearly  comprehended 
the  necessities  of  the  student  and  practitioner,  and  was  more  care- 
fully arianged  to  that  single  purpose  than  this."— A';  Y.  Med.  and 
Surf/.  Jour. 

Fermar,  Henrietta  Louisa,  Countess  of  Pomfret. 
Corrcsp.  between  her  .and  the  Countess  of  Hartford,  {after- 
wards Duchess  of  Somerset,)  Lon..  1803,  3  vols.  12mo. 

Ferme,  Cbarles,  d.  about  1620,  a  native  of  Edin- 
burgh, regent  1589.  afterwards  minister  of  Fraserburgh. 
Analysis  Logiea  in  Epistolam  Apostoli  Pauli  ad  Romanos, 
Edin..  1651, 12mo. 

"A  small  but  very  excellent  work,  in  which  the  argument  and 
meanint;  of  the  apostle  ai-e  very  accurately  unfolded." — Orme's 
Bill.  Bih. 

Fcrmor,\Vm.    Cow-pox  and  small-pox, Lon.,1800,8TO. 

Fern,  Or.     Med.  con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1698. 

Fern,  Fanny.    See    Parton,  Mrs.  Sauah  P. 

Fern,  Robert.     Funl.  serm..  Lon..  1710,  8vo. 

Fern,  Thomas.     Cure  for  the  King's  Evil,  Lon.,  4to. 

Fernandez,  Eleonora.  The  Economy  of  the  Hu- 
man Mind,  Lon..  8vo. 

Feme,  Henry,  D.D..  1602-1661,  a  native  of  York, 
educated  at  .St.  Mary  Hall.  Oxf.,  and  Trin.  Coll.,  Camb. 
He  became  Archdeacon  of  Leicester,  Dean  of  Ely,  Master 
of  Trin.  Coll.,  Camb.,  and  Vice-Chanceller.  and  in  1661 
Bishop  of  Chester.  He  pub.  four  tracts  against  the  Re- 
bellion, 1642,  '43,  two  serms.,  1644-49.  and  five  treatises 
in  defence  of  the  Ch.  of  Eng.  against  Romanism  and  Pres- 
byterianism,  1647-60.  His  tract.  On  Submission  to  tho 
Church,  will  be  found  in  Tracts  Angl.  Fathers,  iii.  11. 

Feme,  Sir  JoIin,d.  aboutlOlO,  an  eminent  antiquary, 
father  of  the  iireceding.  was  educated  at  Oxford,  whence 
he  went  to  the  Middle  Temple.  The  Blazon  of  Gentrie: 
deuidcd  into  two  Parts.  The  first  named  The  Glorio  of 
Generositiej  the  second,  Lacy's  Nobilitie,  Lon.,  1586,  4to. 
According  to  Dallaway,  this  was  the  most  complete  epi- 
tome then  extant. 

Feme,  or  Fern,  Robert.     Scrms.,  Lon.,  1721,  Svo. 

Feme,  AV'm.  Tract  on  Adam's  sin,  rel.  to  a  Letter 
to  C.  lieatty.  ami  Remarks  by  Vifm.  Ferguson,  Lon.,  12mo. 

Fcmehoush,  Wm,,  Vicar  of  Aspatria.  1.  Trent- 
ham  Park ;  a  I'oom.  Lon..  1789,  4to.     2.  Poems,  1814,  8vo. 

Fernei,  Jolin.     Christian  Reconciler.  1801,  ]2mo. 

Fernie,  John.  1.  Hist,  of  the  Town  and  Parish  of 
Dunfermline;  Dunfcrm.,  1815,  Svo.     2.  Serms.,  1SI8,  Svo. 


FER 


FER 


Feroii,  John.      Farriery.  Lue.,  1803.  4to;  1809,  8vo. 
Ferrall,  Denis.     Book-Kceping,  Dubl.,  8vo. 
Ferrall,  S.  A.    Under  this  name  appeared  Nos.  1  and 
3  of  the  works  nf  O'Fkrhall,  Simon  A.,  q.v,  ; 

Ferrar,  John.     1.  Hist,  of  Limerick,  Liin.,  17S7,  8vo.  : 

2.  Tour  from  I)ul)Iin  to  Loudon  in  17'J5,  Dubl.  1796,  8vo. 

3.  View  of  Anc  and  Mod.  Dublin,  1796,  8vo.  | 
Ferrar,  Nicholas,   I592-1H37,  one  of  the  most  ex-  ; 

cellent  of  men,  in  great  reputation  for  learning  and  piety, 
a  native  nf    London,  was  educated    at  Claro  Hall,  Cam- 
bridge.    He  acted  for  some  time  as  secretary  to  tbc  Vir-  | 
ginia  Company,  and  in  1624  was  chosen  member  of  Par-  i 
liament.      In   the  last-mentioned  year  he  purchased  the  , 
lordship  of  Little  Gidding,  in  the  county  of  Huntingdon,  ' 
where,  with   his  mother,  sister,   and   other  relations — he 
never  married — to  the  number  of  forty  pcr.'^ons,  be  esta-  ^ 
blished  what  has  often  been  called  The  English  Nunnery,  i 
More  properly  speaking,  the  community  of  Little  Gidding 
worshipped  God  after  the  strict  model  of  ancient  devotion,  i 
In  the  words  of  Bishop  Home, 

"The  pious  Mr.  Nicholiis  Ferrar  exhibited  in  the  last  century  ! 
an  instance  of  a  Protestant  family  in  which  a  constant  course  of  | 
Psalmody  was  appointed,  and  so  strictly  kept  up.  that,  through  j 
the  whole  four  and  twenty  hours  of  day  and  night,  there  was  no 
portion  of  time  when  some  of  the  members  were  not  employed  in  ' 
the  pevformintr  that  most  pleasant  part  of  duty  and  devotion." — 
Qiminent  on  CXXXIV.  Psalm.  \ 

This  excellent  family  did  not  only  "  show  piety  at  home,"  j 
but  were  the  nurses,  the  counsellors,  the  bodily  and  spiri-  | 
tual  physicians,  of  the  whole  neighbourhood.  Whether  i 
the  community  of  Little  Gidding  had  too  much  piety  or 
not,  it  less  becomes  the  reader  tt)  inquire,  than  whether  i 
he  himself  have  enough  !  If  the  banqueting  hall  of  j 
Lucullus  were  more  frequently  converted  into  the  oratory  I 
of  Little  Gidding,  it  would  be  difficult  to  show  that  society  , 
or  the  world  would  be  the  loser. 

We  would  fain  linger  on  this  pleasing  theme,  but  must 
refer  the  reader  to  Memoirs  of  the  Life  of  Mr.  Nicholas  , 
Ferrar,  by  the  Rev.  P.  Peckard,  D.D.,  Camb.,  1790,  8vo. ;  \ 
abridged,  Lou.,  1S52,  fp.  8vo;  to  Chalmers's  Biog.  Diet.,  ' 
and  to  Dibdin's  Bibliomania.    Nicholas  Ferrar  pub.,  with- 
out his  name,  a  trans,  of  the  110  Considerations  brought 
out  of  Italy  by  Vergerius,  Ac,  Oxf..  1638.  j 

Ferrar,  Robert,  Bishop  of  St.  David's,  1548,  burned, 
1555,  was  an  ancestor  of  the  preceding.     Bishop  Burnet 
says  he  was  one  of  the  committee  nominated  to  compile  ! 
the  English  liturgy,  but  his  name  does  not  appear  among 
those  who  prepared  the  new   liturgy  in   1547.     Probably  ' 
Burnet  refers  to  the  correction   of   the  liturgy   in   1540.  \ 
Ferrar's  name  appears  as  one  of  the  signers  to  the  confes-  | 
sion  of  faith.  May  8,  1554.     See  Foxe's  Acts  and  Monu- 
ments, Athen.  Oxon. 

Ferrarius,  James  Alex.  Euclides  Catholicus,  Lon., 
1673,  4to  ;  Oxon.,  1680,  8vo.  In  English,  by  J.  D.,  Lon., 
1673,  Svn.     See  Athen.  Oxon. 

Ferrebee,  Michael.  Serm.,  Lon.,  1732,  4to. 
Ferrerius,  Johannes.  See  Fehriek,  John. 
Ferrers,  Edward,  is  raentiuned  by  Wood  as  the 
author  (died  1564)  of  several  Tragedies,  Comedies,  and 
Interludes,  but  Wood  quotes  from  Puttenham,  who  calls 
George  Ferrers,  Edward  Ferrers.  It  is  therefore  very 
doubtful  whether  Edward  Ferrers,  who  was  of  a  War- 
wickshire family,  is  entitled  to  be  ranked  among  authors. 
See  Bliss's  notes  in  his  ed.  of  Athen.  Oxon.,  i.  340,  445. 

Ferrers,  George,  1512?-1579,  a  lawyer,  historian, 
and  poet,  a  native  of  a  village  near  St.  Alban's,  Hertford- 
shire, after  receiving  his  education  at  Oxford,  removed  to 
Lincoln's  Inn,  where  he  rose  to  great  distinction.  He  trans. 
Magna  Charta  into  Latin  and  English,  and  the  Laws 
enacted  temp.  Henry  III.  and  Edw.  I.  into  English,  and 
wrote  six  of  the  poetical  chronicles  in  the  Mirror  for  Magis- 
trates:—!. The  Fall  of  Robert  Tresilian.  2.  The  Tragedy 
of  Thomas  of  Woodstock,  Duke  of  Gloucester.  3.  The 
Tragedy  of  Richard  II.  4.  The  Story  of  Dame  Eleanor 
Cobham.  5.  The  Story  of  Humphrey  Plantagenet,  Duke 
of  Gloucester.  6.  The  Tragedy  of  Edward,  Duke  of  Somer- 
set. We  have  already  had  occasion  to  notice  this  grand 
old  work.  The  Mirror  for  Magistrates.  See  Baldwin,  Wil- 
liam ;  Dorset,  Thomas  Sackville,  Eahl  OF  ;  and  autho- 
rities cited  under  former  name.  Ferrers  seems  to  have 
been  accomplished  in  the  manners  of  the  day,  and  sus- 
tained the  office  of  Lord  of  Misrule  with  great  credit. 

"George  Ferrers,  gentleman  of  Liocolns-inn,  beint;  lord  of  all  the 
disportes  all  the  12  days  of  Christmas,  anno  MDLIII.,  at  Green- 
wich: also  fo  plt-nsantly  and  wisely  behaved  himself,  that  the 
king  bad  gre.it  ilelight  in  his  pasty nies."—.S/')ifc's  C/iroH.,p.  632. 

"Being  of  IjettfT  credit  and  estimation  than  fODimonlie  his  pre- 
decessors had  beenc  before,  he  received  all  his  commissions  and 
warrants  by  the  name  of  the  Maisteb  of  lUJi  Kl^■o's  PASiiMEa." — 


H'dinsh'd'i  C'iron.,  iii..  p.  1067  :  col.  ii.  10.  See  Warton's  HUt.  of 
Kuf];.  I'oetry  ;  liiog.  Brit. ;  Athen.  Oxon. ;  Brydges's  PhilUps'sTheii- 
trum  Put'taram. 

Ferrers,  Henry,  1579-1663,  of  the  same  family  as 
the  preceding,  educated  at  Oxford,  made  collections  used 
by  Dugdale  in  his  Antiiiuities  of  Norwichshire.  Sumo  of 
his  poetical  pieces  were  pub.,  and  he  left  some  MS.  compo- 
sitions. See  Bliss's  Wood's  Athen.  Oxon.  He  left  behind 
him  the  character  of 

"  A  well-bred  gent.,  a  good  neighbour,  and  an  honest  man." — 
Athen.  Oxon. 

Ferrers,  Richard.  The  Worth  of  Woman;  a  Poem, 
Lon.,  1622.  8vo. 

Ferrerz,  George.     See  Ferrers. 

F'errey,  Benjamin.  Hist,  of  the  Priory  of  Christ 
Church,  Hampshire,  Lon..  1S34,  4to,  and  imp.  4to.  This 
magniticent  edifice  is  suppo.=ed  to  be  coeval  with  Rufus. 

Ferriar,  John,  M.D.,  1764-1S15,  a  native  of  Chester, 
physician  to  the  Manchester  Infirmary,  possessed  great 
literary  taste,  and  was  an  excellent  critic.  1.  The  Prince 
of  Angola;  a  Trag.,  altered  from  the  Play  of  Oronooko; 
Lon.,  1788,  8vo.  2.  Medical  Histories  and  Keflections, 
1792-8,  3  vols.  8vo.  New  ed.,  1810,  3  vols.  8vo.  3.  Illus- 
trations of  Sterne,  with  other  Essays,  Manehes.,  1799,  8vo  ; 
Lon.,  1812,  2  vols.  8vo.  Sterne  is  proved  to  have  pillaged 
largely  from  Burton,  Hall,  and  the  old  French  novelists. 
Ferriar  gives  a  Biographical  and  Critical  account  of  the 
**  Shandy  Library." 

"  If  Vie  propose  to  look  closely  into  the  style  of  composition  which 
Sternf  tliought  proper  to  adopt,  we  find  a  sure  guide  in  the  inge- 
nious Dr.  Ferriar,  who.  with  the  nioBt  singular  patience,  has  traced 
oin*  author  through  the  hidden  sources  whence  he  borrowed  most 
of  his  striking  and  peculiar  expressions." — Sir  W.  Scott. 

4.  Foxglove,  Manehes.,  1799.  12mo.  5.  Bibliomania; 
an  Epistle  to  Richard  llcber,  Esq.,  Lon.,  1809,  8vo ;  and 
in  the  2d  ed.  of  the  Illustrations  of  Sterne,  &c. 

"  I  will  not.  however,  disguise  to  you  that  I  read  it  with  uniform 

delight,  aud  that  I  rose  from  the  perusal  with  a  keen  appetite  for 

'The  S'Uiall,  rare  volume,  black  wiih  tarnished  gold.'" 

Z>ibdin's  Bibliftmaniu,  ed.  ISll,  p.  3. 

Of  Dr.  Ferriar's  bibliomania,  and  of  the  disease  itself, 
we  have  had  something  to  say  in  our  article,  Dibbin, 
Thomas  Frognall,  q.  v. 

6.  Ad  Essay  towards  a  Theory  of  Apparitions,  1813,  8vo. 
Highly  commended.  7.  Case  of  Hydrophobia;  in  Med. 
Facts,  1791. 

Ferriby,  John.  Short  Discourse  rel.  to  Preachers, 
Lon.,  1653. 

Ferrier,  James,  Prof,  of  Moral  Philosophy  and 
Political  Economy,  St.  Andrew's,  son-in-law  of  the  late 
Professor  John  Wilson.  1.  Institutes  of  Metaphysics,  the 
Theory  of  knowingand  being,  Edin.  and  Lon.,  1854,  p.  8vo. 

"This  is  no  ordinary  book.  If  we  mistake  not,  its  publication 
■will  mark  an  epoch  in  the  history  of  speculation  in  this  country. 
The  author  is  familiar  with  what  has  been  done  in  this  field  by  an- 
cients and  moderns;  and  hisacutenessand  independence  of  think- 
ing are  as  conspicuous  us  his  learning.  The  author  himself  knows 
that  his  case  so  stands,  and  he  does  not  affect  to  conceal  from  you 
the  fact  of  his  knowing  it.  .  .  .  We  have  said  enough,  we  hope, 
concerning  Mr.  Ferriei's  book,  to  commend  it  effectually  to  such 
of  our  readers  as  are  wont  to  be  interested  in  publications  of  this 
nature."— iJrt((i/*  Qiiar.  Rev. 

"Both  among  the  details  which  command  our  assent,  and  in 
examining  the  leading  principle  from  which  we  have  so  widely 
differed,  we  meet  an  indepfudent  devotion  to  speculations  that 
we  love,  as  rare  as  it  is  refreshing  in  these  degenerate  days^.  When 
we  turn  from  these  pages  to  the  dull  wildernL'ss  of  i  nmuioiii.iace 
which  spreads  over  most  ofthe  literature  that  now  c-ill^  it^.-lliiliild- 
sophic^il,  we  remember  the  inclination  of  the  philosoiihir  limniin  : — 
Kerabe  undo  cum  PUdone,  quam  cum  isti.^  vera  sentur." — North 
Brit.  Bev. 

2.  The  Works  of  Prof.  John  Wilson,  edited  by  Prof. 
Ferrier,  12  vols.  12mo:  i.,  ii..  1855;  iii.-vi.,  1856;  vii.-x., 
1857;  xi.,  xii..  1858. 

Ferrier,  John.  Historia  Monasterii,  a  Kenlos  Ordi- 
nis  Cisterciensis  in  Scotia,  <tc.,  scripta  anno  1537,  Mart, 
et  Dur.  Coll..  vi.  319. 

Ferrier,  Miss  Mary,  d.  1855,  was  the  daughter  of 
James  Ferrier.  of  Edinburgh,  one  of  Walter  Scott's  "breth- 
ren of  the  clerk's  tabic."  '  She  was  the  authoress  of  three 
excellent  novels,  in  three  vols,  each,  viz. :  1.  The  Marriage, 
1818.  2.  The  Inheritance,  1824.  3.  Destiny;  or.  The 
Chiefs  Daughter,  1831.  All  repub.  in  Bentley's  Standard 
Novels,  vols!  Ixxxiii.,  Ixxsiv.,  Ixxxv.  In  the  conclusion  to 
The  Legend  of  Montrose,  Scott  pays  the  following  high 
compliment  to  Miss  Ferrier: 

"I  retire  from  the  field,  conscious  there  remains  behind  notonly 
a  lai'ge  harvest,  but  labourers  capable  of  gathering  it  in.  More  than 
one  writer  has  already  dispLiyrd  talents  of  this  description ;  and  if 
the  present  author,  himself  a  phantom,  may  be  permitted  to  dis- 
tinguish a  brother,  or  perhaps  a  si.^ter,  shadow,  he  would  mention 
in  particulartheauthor  of  the  very  lively  work  entitled  "Marriage."' 

The  reader  will  find  several  notices  of  Miss  Ferrier  in 


FER 

Lockhart's  Life  of  Scott.  She  was  a  favourite  guest  at 
Abbotsforii,  and  her  society  tended  to  cheer  the  nielnn- 
oholy  hours  which  clouded  the  last  months  of  the  life  of 
the  great  novelist.     Sir  Walter  describes  Mi.ss  Ferrier  as 

"  A  gifted  personage,  h.aTing,  besides  biT  great  talents,  c-onvei- 
sation  the  least  exiijmnte  of  any  author,  female  at  least,  whom  ho 
had  ever  seen  among  the  long  list  he  had  encountered:  simple, 
full  of  humour,  and  exceedingly  ready  at  repartee;  and  all  this 
without  the  least  alTectafion  of  the  blue-stocking." 

"  Edgeworth,  Ferrier,  Austen,  have  all  given  portraits  of  real 
society  far  superior  to  any  thing  man— vain  man— has  produced 
of  the  like  nature." 

"  To  a  warm  heart,  a  lively  fency,  and  great  powers  of  discrimi- 
nation,  .Miss  Ferrier  has  added  variety  of  knowledge,  and  a  graphic 
art  of  descriliing  all  she  sees  and  .ill  she  feels,  which  give  her  a 
distinguished  pl.ice  among  the  novt-lists  of  the  d.ay." — .l//(ia  Van- 
ninijham's  Biog.  and  Crit.  nisi,  of  the  Lit.  of  the  Last  Fifty  Years. 

Ferrier,  Robert.  Testimony  of  the  King  of  Mar- 
tyrs, Job  xvii.  .36,  37,  by  J.  Glass,  with  Pref.  by  R.  F., 
Edin.,  1747,  Svo. 

Ferrier,  W.     Two  Discourses,  Paisley,  1798,  1801. 

Ferris,  Benjamin.  A  History  of  the  Original 
Settlements  on  the  I>claware  from  its  Discovery  by  Hud- 
sou  to  the  Colonization  under  William  Penu,  Wilmington, 
Del.,  1846,  8vo. 

Ferris,  Benj.  G.,  late  Secretary  of  Utah  Territory. 
Utah  and  the  Mormons,  N.  York,  1854,  12mo. 

Ferris,  James.  1.  Strictures  on  the  Eng.  Constitu- 
tion, Lon.,  1806,  Svo.     2.  Union  with  Ireland. 

Ferris,  Richard.  Adventures  of  himself  and  others 
in  a  row  in  a  wherry-bo.at,  ic,  Lon.,  1590,  4to. 

Ferris,  Samuel,  M.D.  1.  Disputatio  de  Sanguinis, 
Ac,  Edin.,  1784,  Svo.  2.  Coll.  of  Physic,  Lon.,  1795,  Svo. 
3.  Con.  to  Med.  Facts,  1791. 

Ferris,  Sarah.     Mental  Perceptions,  1807,  12mo. 

Ferry.  Relation  of  Sir  Thos.  Roe's  Voy.  to  B.  India. 
See  Valli's  Travels,  p.  325,  1665. 

Ferryman,  R.  1.  Brit.  Quadrupeds  and  Birds  in  his 
Museum,  Brist,  1789,  Svo.  2.  Brit.  Quadrupeds  and  Birds 
in  the  Brit.  Zoiil.  Mus.,  Lon.,  1795,  Svo. 

Fessenden,  Thomas,  d.  1813,  aged  74,  minister  of 
Walpulc,  New  Hampshire.  1.  Science  of  Sanctity,  1804, 
Svo.  2.  The  Boston  self-styled  Gentleman  Reviewers  Re- 
viewed, 1806. 

Fessenden,  Thomas  Green,  1771-1837,  anative  of 
Walpole,  New  Hampshire,  and  a  son  of  the  above.  1.  Ter- 
rible Tracturatiun;  a  Poem,  by  Christopher  Caustic,  1S03, 
Svo.  Anon.  This  is  a  defence  of  the  Metallic  Tractors  of 
Perkins.  2.  Orig.  Poems,  1804, 12mo.  3.  The  Minute  Philo- 
sopher, 1806.  This  is  an  enlargement  of  No.  1.  A  third 
ed.  was  pub.  tow.ards  the  close  of  his  life.  4.  Democracy 
Unveiled,  1806,  12mo.  5.  American  Clerk's  Companion, 
1815.  6.  Law  of  Patents  for  New  Inventions,  2d  ed., 
1822,  Svo.  Severely  criticized  and  condemned  in  N.  Amer. 
Rev.,  xvi.  199.  Mr.  F.  wrote  many  Essays  on  Agriculture, 
and  was  editor  of  the  N.  England  Farmer,  The  Horticul- 
tural Register,  The  Silk  JIanual,  The  Reporter,  The  In- 
telligencer, and  The  Monitor.  An  interesting  account  of 
him  will  be  found  in  E.  A.  and  6.  L.  Duyckincks'  Cyc.  of 
Amer.  Lit. 

Festeau,  Paul.  Fr.  and  Eng.  Grammar,  Lon.,  1675, 
Svo. 

Festing,  Michael.     Serms.,  Lon.,  1757,  '59. 

Fetherstone,  Rev.  Christopher.  Dialogue  against 
Dauncing,  Lon.,  1582,  8vo:  trans.,  and  other  works,  1584-87. 

Fettiplace,  Thomas.  1.  The  Celesti.al  Lampe,  Lon., 
1637,  24nio.     2.  The  Sinner's  Tears,  1688,  12mo. 

Feuillerade,  Peter,  Rector  of  Bygrave.  Serm., 
1777,  4to. 

Fewterer,  John.  The  Myrrour,  or  Glasse  of  Christe's 
Passion,  1634,  fol.  Trans,  into  English  at  the  desire  of 
Lord  Hussey. 

Feylde,  Thomas.  A  lylel  Treatyse  called  the  Co- 
trauersc  bytwcno  a  Loner  and  a  Jaye,  Lon.,  by  W.  de 
Worde,  4to.  This  rare  ])oem,  in  six  lines  stanzas,  was  sold 
for  £39  in  the  Roxburghe  sale,  3274.  2.  The  Coplaynte 
of  a  Loner's  Lyfe,  Lon.,  by  Wynkyn  de  Worde,  4to ;  Rox- 
burghe, 3283,  68«.  New  ed.,  Lon.,  1818,  4to.  Presented 
to  the  members  of  the  Roxburghe  Club  by  the  Rev.  T.  F. 
Dibdin,  D.D.  30  copies,  and  one  upon  vellum.  Sykes, 
£7.  _  Dent,  £3  Is. 

Fidalgo,  S.  A  Lecture  of  Moving  Figures,  Lon., 
1768,  Svo.     A  political  pamphlet. 

Fiddes,  Richard,  D.D.,  1671-1725,  a  native  of  Ilum- 
manby,  near  Scarborough,  was  educated  at  Oxford,  and 
became  Rector  of  Halsham  about  1694.  Having  lost  the 
power  of  free  utterance,  he  devoted  himself  to  authorship. 
1.  A  Body  of  Divinity,  Lon.,  1718-20,  2  vols.  fol.  This 
was  well  received,  but  now  seems  neglected.     2.  46  Prac- 


FIE 

tical  discour.ses,  171.3-15,  3  vols.  Svo.  Dr.  Waterland  com- 
mends them  in  his  Advice  to  a  Student.  3.  52  Practical 
Discourses,  1720,  '28,  fol.  i.  Life  of  Cardinal  Wolsey, 
1724, '26,  fol.;  1742,  4  vols.  Svo. 

"In-.  Kiddcs  vilifies  the  Hef.jjmation,  depreciates  the  instrn- 
ments  of  it.  and  palliates  the  ahsurdities  of  the  Romish  Church  " 
— Dii.  Kmobt:  Life  r,f  Erasmus. 

There  is  but  little  vivacity  in  Fiddes's  biography.  R&. 
specting  the  Life  of  Wolsey,  see  Cave.vuish,  Georoe 
5.  Treatise  of  Morality,  1726,  Svo.  Fiddes  also  pub.  an 
answer  to  an  attack  upon  his  Life  of  Wolsey,  and  some 
minor  pieces. 

Fiddler,  Rev.  Isaac.     Observations  on  Professions, 
Literature,  Manners,  and  Emigration,  in  the  United  States 
and  Canada,  made  during  a  residence  there  in  1832  Lon 
1833,  ]2mo,  pp.  434.  '' 

*'  This  is  another  precious  specimen  nf  the  class  of  books  with 
which  .John  Bull  is  now  legulajlv  hunilnigijed  three  or  four  times 
a  year,  under  the  name  of  iilis.rvalinns  on  the  state  of  society, 
manners,  and  literature,  in  tln'  United  States,"— Alexander  H. 
Everett:  N.  Amer.  Hev.,  ixxvii.  273.  Ue:id  this  witty  article, by 
an  "eunnent  hand." 

Fidel,  Theop.  Interesting  Dialogue  between  the 
Parson  and  the  Farmer,  Lon.,  1806,  Svo. 

Fidell,  Thomas.  A  Perfect  Guide  for  a  studious 
Young  Lawyer;  being  Free,  for  Conveyancing,  1654,  4to; 
1658,  Svo. 

Fidge,  Wm.     Med.  Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1764. 

Field,  Baron.  1.  Analysis  of  Blackstone's  Comment., 
Lon.,  1811,  Svo;  3d  ed.,  1821,  Svo;   N.  York,  1822,  Svo. 

2.  Hints  to  Witnesses,  Lon.,  1815,  Svo.  3.  Geographical 
Memoirs  of  N.  South  Wales,  by  various  Hands,  1825,  Svo. 
See  an  article  on  the  Australian  Colonies,  with  notices  of 
Wentworth's,  Carr's,  and  Field's  works,  in  the  London 
Quarterly  Review,  xxxii,  311. 

Field,  Chester.  Scripture  Illustrated  by  interesting 
Facts,  edited  by  Rev.  John  Todd,  D.D.,  Lon.,  1850,  ISmo. 

Field,  Edwin  W.  Observ.  of  a  Solicitor  on  the 
Equity  Courts,  Lon.,  1840,  Svo. 

"  A  very  able  and  wcll-writton  pamphlet." — 4  Jurist,  113. 

Field,  Frederick.     Serm.,  Camb.,  1834,  Svo. 

Field,  George,  1777-1854.  I.Brit.  School  of  Modern 
Artists,  Lon.,  1802,  Svo.  2.  Chromatics,  or  Harmony 
of  Colours;  new  ed.,  1845,  Svo.  3.  Outlines  of  Analytical 
Philosophy,  1839,2  vols.  Svo.  4.  Tritogonia:  a  Synopsis 
of  Universal  Hist. ;  3d  ed.,  1846,  Svo.     Other  works. 

Field,  Henry.     Con.  to  Mem.  Med..  1799,  1805. 

Field,  Rev.  Henry  M.  The  Irish  Confederates,  and 
the  Rebellion  of  1798,  N.  York,  1851,  12mo. 

"A  personal  and  political  historv,  which  has  about  it  all  the 
charm  of  romance."— r/ie  Irish  Amiriean. 

Field,  Rev.  James,  of  Antigu.a.  Account  of  two 
cases  of  Wounds  in  the  Stomach,  Phil.  Trsins.,  1752.    Cured. 

Field,  John.     Theolog.  trans,  and  treatises,  1578-SS. 

Field,  John.  1.  Treatise  on  Prison  Discipline,  Lon., 
1846,  Svo.  New  ed.,  1848,  2  voLs.  Svo.  2.  Life  of  John 
Howard,  Lon.,  1850,  Svo.  3.  Corresp.  of  John  Howard, 
1855,  fp.  Svo. 

Field,  John.  Posthumous  Extracts  from  the  Veteri- 
nary Records  of  the  late  John  Field,  edited  by  his  brother, 
Wm.  Field,  Veterinary  Surgeon,  Lon.,  1843,  Svo. 

Field,  i>Iartin,  d.  1833,  aged  60,  of  Fayetteville,  Ver- 
mont, pub.  treatises  on  mineralogy  and  natural  history. 

Field,  Matthew.     See  Feilde. 

Field,  Matthew  C,  d.  1844.  aged  32,  whilst  on  a 
voyage  from  New  llrleans  to  Boston,  for  the  benefit  of  bis 
health.  He  contributed  many  poetical  and  other  articles 
to  the  Southern  journiils,  under  the  signature  of  Phazma. 

Field,  Nathaniel,  a  dramatic  author,  temp.  James  I. 
and  Charles  I.,  is  supposed  to  be  the  .same  Field  who  acted 
upon  the  stage.  1.  A  Woman's  a  ^^'cathercock ;  a  Com., 
Lon.,  1612,  4to.     2.  Amends  for  Ladies;  a  Com.,  1639, 4to. 

3.  In  conjunction  with  Massinger,  The  Fatal  Dowry;  a 
Trag.,  1632,  4to. 

"A  very  good  play." — Biog.  Dramat. 

Field,  Nathaniel,  Rector  of  Stourton,  Wilts,  a  son 
of  Richard  Field,  D.D.,  author  of  the  work  entitled,  Of  the 
Church,  pub.  Memorials  concerning  the  Life  of  Dr.  Richard 
Field,  with  a  Pref.  by  John  Le  Neve,  Lon.,  1716. 

Field,  Richard,  D.D.,  1561-1616,  a  native  of  Hamp- 
sted,  Hertfordshire,  educated  at  Magdalen  Hall,  Oxf.;  Di- 
vinity Reader  to  Lincoln's  Inn,  1594;  Rector  of  Burghclere, 
Hampshire,  and  Preb.  of  Windsor;  Dean  of  Gloucester, 
1610.  He  was  in  great  reputation  for  learning,  piety,  and 
public  usefulness.  His  great  work,  entitled,  Of  the  Church, 
was  first  pub.  in  1606,  finir  books,  1  vol.  fob;  5th  book, 
with  an  Appendix,  1610,  fob;  new  ed.  of  the  whole,  Oxf., 
162S,  1  vol.  fol. ;  again,  with  an  Appendix  and  Defence, 
1635,  fol.     New  ed.,  Camb.,  1847-52,  4  vols.  Svo,  42».; 


FIE 

n^ain,  1S53,  4  vols.  8vo.     See  Tracts  of  the  Angl.  Fathers, 
iii.  73. 

AVhen  Dr.  Kettle  endeavoured  to  persuade  Dr.  Field  not 
to  write  this  work,  telling  him  that  it  would  embroil  him 
in  controversy,  he  answered: 

"  I  will  so  write  that  they  shall  have  no  great  mind  to  answer 
me." 

King  James  I.  delighted  to  converse  with  Field  on  mat- 
ters of  divinity;  and  when  he  first  preached  before  him, 
he  said: 
"Is  his  name  Field?    This  is  the  Field  for  God  to  dwell  in!" 
When  he  heard  of  his  death,  he  exchumed  : 
"I  should  have  done  nmre  for  that  man." 

"He  was  in  his  time  esteemed  a  principitl  maintainer  of  Protes- 
tanoy,  a  powerful  preacher,  a  profound  schoolman,  exact  dispu- 
tant, and  so  admirable  well  knowing  in  the  controversies  between 
the  Protestants  and  Papists,  that  few  or  none  went  beyond  him 
in  his  time.  He  had  a  threat  memory,  and  any  lionk  which  he  read 
he  was  able  to  carry  away  the  substance  of  it  in  his  memonr',  and 
to  give  an  account  of  all  the  material  passages  therein."— .4i/(£n. 
Ox(tn, 

"  That  learned  divine,  whose  memory  smelleth  like  a  Field  wbicn 
the  Lord  hath  blessed."— Fuller. 

"This  one  volume,  thoioughly  understood  and  appropriated, 
will  place  you  in  the  highest  rank  of  doctrinal  Churcb-of-Enpland 
divines,  and  in  no  mean  rank  as  a  true  doctrinal  Church  historian." 
— Saml-el  Taylor  Coleridge:  LitUr  to  Ins  son,  the  Kev.  Dei-iveM 
OAeridr/e.  „  ,     .,  ,. 

*'  Field  on  the  Church  has  been  much  praised  by  Colend!:;e.  It 
is.  as  it  seemi-d  to  me.  a  more  temperate?  work  in  ecclesiastical 
theory  than  some  have  represented  it  to  1k'.  and  written  almost 
wholly  atrainst  Rome." — ITaUani's  Introduc.  to  Lit.  Hist. 

Dr.  Field  pub.  a  serm.,  1604,  4to,  and  had  in  course  of 
preparation  a  work  entitled,  A  View  of  the  Controversies 
in  Religion,  Ac.  The  Pref.  to  this  unfinished  work  will 
be  found  in  his  son's  Life  of  him.  See  Field,  Nathaniel, 
and  see  Athen.  Oxon.,  Bliss's  ed.,  ii.  81. 

Field,  Kichard  Stockton,  b.  1803,  at  Whitehill,  N. 
Jersey.  1.  The  Provincial  Courts  of  New  Jersey,  &.C.,  N.Y., 
1849,  Svo.  2.  Address  before  the  Surviving  Members  of 
the  Convention  to  form  a  Constitution  for  N.  Jersey  in 
1S44,  Svo,  1863.  3.  Address  on  the  Power  of  Habit,  185-3. 
4.  Contributions  to  Collections  N.  Jersey  Hist.  Soc,  &c. 

Field,  Theop.,  Bishop  of  St.  David's.  Serm.,  Lon., 
1624,  8vo. 

Field,  Rev.  W.  Use  of  the  Globes,  1811,  12mo. 
Field,  Rev,  W,  Memoirs  of  the  Life,  Writings,  and 
Opinions,  of  the  Kev.  Samuel  Parr,  LL.D.,  Lon.,  1828,  2 
vols.  Svo.  This  interesting  work  contains  anecdotes  of 
many  of  the  literary  characters  of  the  early  part  of  the  19th 
oentury. 

Field,  Wm.  1.  Letter  rel.  to  Dissenters.  1791.  Svo. 
2.  Second  do.,  1791,  Svo.  3.  Pract.  Ct.  K.  Bench  in  Per- 
sonal Actions,  3  pts.,  1798. 

Field,  Wm.     See  Field,  John. 
Fielder,  John,     Petition  to  Pari.,  1651,  4to. 
Fielder,  Richard.     Petition  of  the  Waggoners,  fol. 
Fielding,  Charles  George,  son  of  the  Earl  of 
Derby.     The  Brothers;  an  Eclogue,  Lon.,  1781,  Svo. 
Fielding,  George,     Surgical  Cases,  Lon.,  1813,  Svo. 
Fielding,  Henry,  1707-1754,  a  son  of  Lieutenant- 
General  Fielding,  and  great-grandson  of  William,  third  Earl 
of  Denbigh,  was  born  at  Sharpham  Park,  Somersetshire,  on 
the  22d  of  April.     After  prosecuting  his  classical  studies  at 
Eton,  he  went  to  the  LTniversity  of  Leyden,  where,  for  two 


FIE 

He  returned  to  London,  determined  to  put  into  profit- 
able exercise  that  knowledge  of  the  law  which  he  had  ac- 
quired in  happier  days.  There  is  every  reason — excepting 
an  apprehension  of  the  return  of  convivial  habits — to  sup- 
pose that  he  would  have  succeeded  in  the  arduous  vocation 
which  he  had  embraced  with  great  zeal,  had  it  not  been  for 
violent  and  repeated  attacks  of  the  gout,  which  forbade  his 
attendance  on  the  circuits.  He  therefore  again  .nought  and 
obtained  literary  employment,  and  we  soon  find  him  as- 
sistant editor  of  The  Champion,  a  periodical  paper,  and 
author  of  the  essays  On  Conven^ation,  On  the  Knowledge 
of  the  Characters  of  Men,  and  the  Journey  from  this  World 
to  the  Next.  At  this  time  also  he  produced  some  poetical 
compositions,  which  do  not  seem  to  have  possessed  any  un- 
common merit.  We  should  not  omit  to  mention,  as  a  proof 
of  his  diligence  whilst  yet  engaged  in  legal  pursuits,  that 
he  prepared  a  voluminous  Digest  of  the  Statutes  at  Large, 
in  two  folio  volumes,  which  remained  unpublished  in  the 
hands  of  his  brother.  Sir  John  Fielding,  his  successor  in 
the  post  of  Middlesex  magistrate.  He  now  gave  to  the 
world  a  curious  satire,  entitled  The  History  of  Jonathan 
Wild  the  Great,  which  has  received  the  rather  dubious 
compliment  of  being 

"  Perhaps  the  most  ingeniously-arranged  description  of  a  tissue 
of  blackj^uardisms  which  has  ever  been  given  to  the  world." 

In  1742  appeared  the  novel  of  Joseph  Andrews;  in  1749 
he  pub.  Tom  Jones;  and  two  years  later  gratified  his  large 
circle  of  admirers  by  the  novel  of  Amelia,  which  he  sold 
for  £1000. 

In  Amelia,  the  author  drew  a  picture  of  his  wife,  to  whom 
he  was  sincerely  attached,  and  whose  death  he  was  culled 
upon  to  mourn  whilst  struggling  amidst  pecuniary  embar- 
rassments. The  mourner,  however,  did  not  absolutely  re- 
fuse consolation. 

"  His  bio}j; raphe rs  seem  to  have  been  shy  of  disclosing  that,  after 
the  death  of  this  charming;  woman,  he  married  her  maid.  And 
yet  the  act  was  not  so  discreditable  to  bis  character  as  it  may  sound. 
The  maid  had  few  personal  charms,  but  was  an  excellent  creature, 
devotedly  attached  to  her  mistress,  and  almost  broken-hearted  for 
her  loss."  In  the  first  agonies  of  hi.s  own  grief,  whiih  approached 
to  frenzy,  he  found  no  relief  but  from  weeping  along  with  her; 
nor  solace,  when  a  decree  calmer,  but  in  talking  of  the  angel  tbey 
mutually  regretted.  This  made  her  his  habitual  confidential  asso- 
ciate, and  in  process  of  time  he  began  to  think  he  could  not  give 
his  children  a  tenderer  mother,  or  secure  fur  himself  a  moi-e  faith- 
ful housekeeper  and  nuise.  At  least  this  was  what  he  told  his 
friends;  and  it  is  certain  that  her  conduct  as  his  wife  confirmed  it, 
and  fullv  justified  his  good  opinion." — LdUrs  and  Warks  of  Lmli/ 
Mary  Worthy  Montagu.  Edited  by  Lord  Wharnclijfe.  Introduc. 
Anecdolt;s. 

In  1745  Fielding  supported  the  government  in  The  True 
Patriot,  and  in  174S  conducted  a  periodical  of  the  same 
character,  entitled  The  Jacobite's  Journal.  When  43  years 
of  age,  he  received  the  appointment  of  a  Justice  of  the 
Peace  for  the  county  of  Middlesex,  and  retained  this  post 
until  within  a  short  time  of  his  death.  He  seems,  from  his 
knowledge  both  of  law  and  criminal  character,  to  have 
been  admirably  adapted  to  this  troublesome  oflace,  and 
evinced  a  laudable  zeal  for  the  public  interest  by  publish- 
ing An  Inquiry  into  the  causes  of  the  late  increase  of  Rob- 
bers, 1751,  and  a  Proposal  for  making  an  Effectual  Pro- 
vision for  the  Poor,  for  amending  their  Morals,  and  for 
rendering  them  useful  Members  of  Society,  1753. 

''These  tracts,  having  been  written  by  the  most  eminent  of  Eng- 
lish novelists,  have  attracted  fully  as  much  attention  as  they  were 
entitled  to  on  account  of  their  intrinsic  merits.    The  first,  how- 


years,  he  devoted  himself  to  the  investigation  of  civil  law, 

The  straitened  circumstances  of  General  Fielding  placed  I  ever,  is  written  with  great  force,  and  contains  various  statements 
TT  •  iT  ■  ■*■  I  •    r  11   ™    *    1      »^    '  and  reasonmtrs  that  throw  a  great  deal  of  light  on  the  causes  of 

Henry  m  a  mortifying  position  among  his  fellow-students,     ^^j^^  ^^^  pauperism,  and  on  the  stite  of  the  London  poor  at  the 


and  before  the  termination  of  his  2lst  year  he  returned  to 
London,  and  became  a  writer  for  the  stage.  His  Comedy  of 
Love  in  several  Masques  appeared  in  the  same  year — 1727 
^in  which  he  returnefd  to  England,  and  notwithstanding 
the  little  encouragement  which  the  author  received,  he 
produced  a  long  list  of  plays,  of  which  even  the  names  are 
now  unknown  to  the  majority  of  readers.  In  1734  Field- 
ing fell  deeply  in  love  with  a  celebrated  beauty,  Miss 
Charlotte  Cradock,  possessed  of  many  accomplishments, 
and  £1500.  An  immediate  union  was  the  result  of  this 
acquaintance,  and  the  groom  at  this  time  coming  into  pos- 
session of  about  £200  per  annum  by  the  death  of  his 
mother,  the  young  couple  retired  to  their  estate  in  the 
country. 

Hero  they  might  have  lived  in  comfort  and  respectability ; 
but  these  substantial  blessings  by  no  means  satisfied  the 
ambition  of  a  gay  cavalier,  who  aspired  to  a  splendid  esta- 
blishment and  a  crowd  of  boon  companions.     A  host  of 


time.  But,  like  most  other  writers  on  the  same  suliject.  Fielding 
has  ascribed  tar  too  much  to  legislative  and  police  arrangements, 
and  too  little  to  the  care  and  discretion  of  individuals." — McC'ul- 
Ifjcli's  Lit.  of  Ihlit.  Econ. 

The  last  service  he  rendered  to  the  public  in  his  official 
capacity  was  the  extirpation — by  the  approbation  of  go- 
vernment, who  placed  a  fund  of  £600  at  his  disposal  for 
the  purpose— of  several  gangs  of  thieves  and  highwaymen 
who  grievously  afflicted  the  good  citizens  of  London.  Al- 
though now  in  a  wretched  state  of  health,  he  contrived  for 
a  twelvemonth  to  edit  with  great  ability  a  new  semi-weekly 
periodical,  entitled  The  Covent-Gardeu  Journal,  which  be- 
came a  great  favourite  with  the  public.  In  1754  he  sailed 
for  Lisbon  for  the  benefit  of  his  health,  and  died  October  S, 
two  months  after  his  arrival,  in  the  4Sth  year  of  his  age. 
His  Journal  of  his  Voyage  was  pub.  in  1755,  12mo.  We 
have  already  stated  that  Fielding  never  enjoyed  much 
popularity  as  a  writer  for  the  stage. 

While  it  must  be  acknowledged  that  Fielding's  genius  was  not 


.      ,  i_  1  J  :   11    *      iii.v         1        '      "  While  it  must  be  acknowledged  that  Fieldmg's  genius  was  not 

servants,  horses,  hounds,  and  an  open  table  to  all  the  rakes  j^^idedly  dramatic,  it  was  something  that  he  escaped  disapprobar 
who  chose  to  live  upon  his  bounty,  reduced  Fielding  to  tion,  though  he  was  at  times  received  with  indifference."— ifoscoe's 
poverty;   in  three  years  bis   coffers  were  exhausted,  his  '  Life  of  Pidding. 

constitution  shattered,  and  his  summer  friends  on  the]  The  dates  of  his  dramatic  works  we  take  from  the  Biog. 
wing  to  more  promising  pastures.  i  Dramat. :     1.  Love  in  several  Masksj  a  Com.,  1728,  2.  The 


PIE 


FIE 


Temple  Beau;  a  Com.,  1730.  3.  The  Author's  Farce,  1730. 
4.  The  Coffee-IIouse  Politifian  ;  a  Com.,  1730.  5.  The  Tra- 
gedy of  Tragedies,  1731.  6.  The  Letter  Writers;  a  Farce, 
1731.  7.  The  Grub  Street  Opera,  1731.  8.  The  Lottery, 
a  Farce.  1731.  9.  The  Modern  Husband;  a  Com.,  1732. 
10.  The  Mock  Doctor;  a  Com.  from  Moliere,  1732.  11.  The 
Covent-Garden  Tragedy;  a  Farce,  1732.  12.  The  Debau- 
chees ;  a  Com.,  1733.  13.  The  Miser;  a  Com.  from  Plautus 
and  Moliere,  1733.  14.  The  Intriguing  Chambermaid;  a 
Com.,  1734.  15.  Don  Quixote  in  England;  a  Com.,  1733. 
16.  An  Old  Man  taught  Wi.sdom ;  a  Farce,  1734.  17.  The 
Universal  Gallant;  a  Com.,  1735.  IS.  Pasquin  ;  Dram. 
Satire,  1736.  19.  The  Hi.«torical  Register  for  the  Year 
1736;  a  Com.,  [1737.]  20.  Eurydice;  a  Farce.  1735. 
21.  Eurydice  Hissed;  a  Farce,  1737.  22.  Tumble-Down 
Dick;  Dram.  Enlert.,  1737.  23.  Miss  Lucy  in  Town  ;  a 
Farce,  1742.  24.  The  Wedding  Day;  a  Com.,  1743. 
25.  The  Fathers;  or  the  Good-Natured  Man;  a  Com., 
1778,  8vo. 

"  His  dramatic  pieces,  every  one  of  which  is  comic,  are  far  fi-om 
being  couteaiptible.  His  farces  and  ballad  pieces,  more  especially, 
have  a  spri^htliness  of  manner,  and  a  forcjbleness  of  character, 
by  which  it  is  impossible  to  avoid  being  agreejtbly  entertained; 
and  in  those  among  others  which  he  has  in  any  degree  borrowed 
from  Moliere,  or  any  other  writer,  he  has  done  his  original  great 
honour  and  justice,  by  the  manner  in  which  he  has  handled  the 
subject." — Biog.  Dramat. 

In  addition  to  the  works  already  noticed,  Fielding  pub. 
BBveral  minor  pieces  upon  topics  of  a  temporary  character. 
Of  his  works  there  l)avu  been  many  edits.  1.  Works,  with 
the  Life  of  the  Author,  1762,  4  vols.  4to.  2.  1762,  8  vols. 
8vo.  3.  1766,  12  vcd.s.  4.  1767,  4  vols.  4to.  5.  1771,  S 
vols.  8vo.  6.  1775, 12vols.  12mo.  7.  17S3, 12  vols.  12mo. 
8.  With  an  Essay  on  his  Life  and  Genius,  by  Arthur  Mur- 
phy, 1784,  10  vols.  8vo.  9.  1806,  TO  vols.  sVo.  10.  1808, 
14  vols.  12mo.  11,  Select  Works,  1818,  6  vols.  8vo. 
12.  Works,  edited  by  Alex.  Ch.almers,  Lon.,  1821,  10  vols. 
8vo.  13.  With  Life  and  Notice  of  his  Works,  by  Thomas 
Roscoe,  1S40,  imp.  8vo.  14.  1843,  med.  8vo.  15.  1848, 
med.  8vo.     16.  1851,  imp.  8vo,  and  in  2  vols.  8vo. 

We  now  proceed  to  adduce  the  opinions  of  a  host  of 
eminent  authorities  respecting  those  works — his  three  no- 
vels— by  which  Fielding  achieved  so  general  and  so  durable 
a  reputation.  As  a  great  artist,  indeed,  e.tquisitely  happy 
in  catching  and  transferring  to  his  canvas  those  features 
of  human  nature  which  must  always  interest,  because  im- 
mediately recoguised  as  genuine  by  men  of  all  ages  and 
minds  of  all  grades.  Fielding  hiis  never  been  surpassed. 
How  deeply  then  is  it  to  bo  lamented,  that,  lacking  a  high 
sense  of  moral  responsibility,  he  delighted  chiefly  in  paint- 
ing the  least  refined,  least  elevated  characteristics  of  his 
species,  and  permitted  himself  to  stimulate  the  passions  to 
the  excesses  of  vice,  insteiid  of  causing  those  "passions  to 
move  at  the  command  of  virtue"  !  There  arc  never  want- 
ing apologists,  indeed,  for  greater  transgressors  than  Henry 
Fielding ;  and  Coleridge,  whose  language  we  shall  presently 
quote,  would  have  considered  the  above  an  uncharitable 
verdict.  But  it  is  not  to  be  questioned  that  there  are  many 
passages  in  Joseph  Andrews,  Amelia,  and  Tom  Jones, 
which  a  licentious  taste  would  gladly  extend  for  the  same 
reasons  that  would  induce  a  moral  censorship  to  have  them 
totally  expunged.  But  we  must  not  delay  our  promised 
citation  of  opinions. 

Those  who  are  inclined  to  think  us  too  rigid  in  this  judg- 
ment, should  remember  Fielding's  own  self-condemnatory 
verdict  upon  liis  early  dramatic  writings : 

"At  length,  repenting  frolic  flights  of  youth. 
Once  more  he  flics  to  Nature  and  to  'Truth: 
In  virtue's  just  defence  aspires  to  Cinie, 
Nor  courts  applause  with  the  applauder's  shame." 

Prologuf-  to  The  Mrjfkrn  IftisbaTid. 

Alas,  that  his  repentance  should  have  been  as  "the 
morning  cloud  and  the  early  dew"! 

1.  The  Adventures  of  Joseph  Andrews,  published  in  1742. 
This  work,  Dr.  Warton  informs  ns,  was  "  valued  by  Field- 
ing above  all  his  writings."  The  Doctor  adds,  "as  he 
justly  may."—  WooU'a  Life  of  Warlnn.  But  wo  imagine 
that  few  will  coincide  with  this  judgment.  Fielding  him- 
self tells  us  that  it  was  intended  for  an  imitation  of  the 
style  and  manner  of  Cervantes. 

"  How  delightfully  he  has  copied  the  humour,  the  gravity,  and 
the  floe  ridicule  of  his  master,  they  can  witness  who  are  acquainted 
with  both  writers." — Arthur  Mcbpuy. 

Both  Chalmers  and  Warton  dissent  from  this  opinion, 
and  consider  "  Fielding's  ridicule  of  a  very  different  species 
from  that  of  the  Spanish  novelist."  But  Dr.  Aikin  also 
refers  to  "the  grave  Cervnntic  style,  adopted  in  the  novel 
of  Joseph  Andrews."  However  this  may  be,  there  is  no 
doubt  at  all  that  Fieldinsr  intended  to  ridicule  the  "senti- 
692 


mentalism,"  as  it  is  generally  denominated,  of  the  great 
novelist  of  the  day — Samuel  Richardson. 

*'  While,  however,  it  is  highly  probatjle  that  he  had  Cervantes  in 
hiseye,  it  is  certain  that  the  satiiictud  burlesque  portion  of  Joseph 
Audrt-ws  was  suggested  to  him  by  the  perus;il  of  Itichardson's 
I'auK-la.  on  the  overwi-ought  refinement  and  strained  sentiment 
of  which  it  affords  a  humorous  commentary  in  the  adventures  of 
her  pioli?ssed  brother,  the  hero.  Besides  its  inti-insic  wit  and  ex- 
cellence, it  has  thus  a  twofold  attraction  in  the  comic  and  bur- 
lesque spirit  it  maintains  throughout,  in  the  sjioie  way  as  the  ad- 
ventures of  the  Spanish  knight  and  his  .squire,  however  ludicrous 
in  themselves,  are  relished  with  a  doul'le  zest  from  the  contrast 
they  ofter  to  the  dignified  bearing  and  marvellous  deeds  of  the  old 
Paladins.  IIow  exquisitely  Fielding  has  caught  the  humour,  as- 
sumed gravity,  and  delicate  satire  of  his  prototype,  they  who  have 
compared  the  two  master-pieces  will  readily  admit;  and  that  he 
loses  nothing  in  pnint  of  originality." — TuoMAS  IloscoK:  Life  and 
W"rks  tif  Henry  FmhUng. 

The  elder  novelist  was  greatly  offended  at  what  he  very 
naturally  considered  an  unwarrantable  liberty. 

"Uichardson  was  exceedingly  hurt  at  this;  the  more  so  as  they 
had  been  on  good  terms.aud  he  was  very  intimate  with  Fielding's 
two  sisters.  He  never  appears  cordially  to  have  forgiven  it,  (pei^ 
haps  it  was  not  in  human  nature  he  should. land  healwavs  speaks 
in  his  letters  with  a  great  deal  of  aspeiity  of  'Tom  .loiies.'  more 
indeed  than  was  quite  graceful  in  a  rival  author.  No  doubt  he 
himself  tbnu'-'ht  his  indignation  was  soi-ely  excited  by  the  loose 
morality  of  tile  work  and  of  its  author,  but  he  could  tolerate  Cib- 
ber.''— Mas.  Bard.iuld:  Minoir  of  fWdmr/. prefixed  to  his  Onrc- 
SpimdencF, 

Mr.  Thackeray  appends  the  above  to  an  apology  for  what 
we  must  consider  indefensible. 

"  Fielding,  no  doubt,  began  to  write  this  novel  in  ridicule  of 
Pamela,  for  which  work  one  can  understand  the  hearty  contempt 
and  antipathy  which  such  an  athletic  and  boisterous  genius  as 
Fielding's  must  have  entertained.  He  could  not  do  otherwise  than 
laugh  at  the  puny  cockney  bookseller,  pouring  out  endless  volumes 
of  sentimental  twaddle,  and  hold  him  up  to  scorn  as  a  moll-coddle 
and  a  milksop.  His  genius  had  been  nursed  on  sack-posset,  and 
not  on  dishes  of  tea.  ///s  muse  had  sung  the  loudest  in  tavern 
choruses;  had  seen  the  daylight  streaming  in  over  thousands  of 
emptied  bowls,  and  reeled  home  to  chambers  on  the  shoulders  of 
the  watchmen.  Itichardson's  goddess  was  attended  by  old  maids 
and  dowagers,  and  fed  ou  muffins  and  bohea.  'Milksop!'  roars 
Harry  Fielding,  clattering  at  the  timid  shop-shutters.  'Wretch! 
Monster!  Mohock!'  shrieks  the  sentimental  author  of  Pamela,  and 
all  the  ladies  of  his  court  cackle  out  an  affrighted  chorus." — Enff- 
lisfi  Humourists  of  the  ISth  Centttri/. 

Neither  the  wit  nor  the  morality  of  these  lines  are  very 
discernible  to  us.  They  exhibit  two  of  the  prominent 
faults  of  an  otherwise  good  writer:  a  constant  disposition 
to  caricature,  and  an  ever-present  willingness  to  apologize 
for  men  of  loose  manners  and  dissipated  habits.  We  have 
often  listened  with  pleasure — indeed,  with  edification — to 
Mr.  Thackeray's  moral  reflections  upon  the  Lives  and 
Works  of  the  departed  great,  but  we  soon  found  that  the 
summing  up  of  the  learned  judge  leaned  not  always  "to 
virtue's  side ;"  and  if  the  literary  offender  happened  to  be 
a  three-bottle  man,  we  entertained  no  apprehensions  for 
his  safety,  and  felt  quite  confident  that  a  gentle  rebuke, 
hardly  calculated  to  depopulate  the  tables  of  LucuUus, 
wouhl  be  the  extent  of  his  punishment. 

Even  the  displeasure  of  Richard.son  did  not  prevent 
Joseph  Andrews  from  immediately  finding  a  host  of  read- 
ers. The  faithful  subjects  of  the  great  master  were  not 
proof  against  the  fascinations  of  good  Parson  .'idam.-i  and 
the  unfortunate  Leonora ;  and  those  who  had  been  charmed 
■with  the  character  of  P.amela,  were  equally  delighted  with 
the  unsophisticated  virtue  of  her  worthy  brother,  the  ex- 
cellent Joseph  Andrews.  We  may  be  allowed  to  surmise 
that  many  of  Richardson's  adherents,  whilst  indignant  at 
the  ridicule  cast  upon  their  leader,  yet  could  not  but  se- 
cretly  propound  to  themselves  the  question  which  Sir  Wal- 
ter Scott  openly  proposes : 

"  IIow  can  we  wish  that  undone  without  which  Parson  Adams 
would  not  have  existed'^" 

The  book  became  a  general  favourite  with  all  classes  of 
readers,  and  equally  engrossed  the  literary  half-hour  of 
the  studious  mechanic  and  the  interval  between  the  Latin 
and  Greek  of  the  erudite  gownsman.  The  tea-parly  of  the 
tradesman  sympathized  with  the  perils  of  the  lovely  Fanny, 
and  West  writes  to  the  classic  Gray: 

'■I  rejoice  you  found  amusement  in  Joseph  .\ndrews." 

2.  History  of  Tom  Jones,  a  Foundling;  published  1749. 
The  foundation  of  this  work  was  laid  by  Fielding  while  in 
the  midst  of  the  excitement  of  political  partnership,  aud  it 
was  concluded  in  such  interv.als  as  he  could  snatch  from 
the  annoyances  inseparable  from  the  commencement  of  » 
career  of  magisterial  duty.  Yet  under  such  heavy  discou- 
ragements did  Fielding  construct  one  of  the  most  elaborate 
of  plots,  developed  by  an  astonishing  variety  of  cli.aracters  ; 

"No  author  has  introduced  a  greater  diversity  of  character,  or 
displayed  them  more  fully,  or  in  more  various  attitudes.  All- 
worthy  is  the  most  amiable  picture  in  the  world  of  a  m.an  who 
does  honour  to  his  species.  In  his  own  heart  he  finds  constant 
propensities  to  the  most  generous  and  benevolent  of  actions,  aud 


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his  understandinj;  conducts  him  with  discretion  in  tho  pei-form- 
ance  of  whatever  his  goodness  su^^^ests  to  him.  And  though  it  is 
apparent  that  the  author  labourfd  at  this  pnitrait  am  amore,  and 
meant  to  ofT.-r  it  to  mankind  as  a  just  ol>jt-i't  of  iinitatinn,  he  has 
soherly  restrained  himself  within  the  bounds  of  probability:  nay, 
it  may  be  said  of  strict  truth ;  as.  in  the  peneral  opinion,  he  is  sup- 
posed 10  have  copied  here  the  features  of  a  worthy  ctiaracter  still 
in  being.' — Arthur  MuRpnv. 

The  ''worthy character"  here  alluded  to  was  Ralph  Allen, 
of  Prior  Park,  the  "  Man  of  Bath,"  tbo  friend  of  Pope  and 
Warburton,  celebrated  in  the  well-known  lines  of  the 
former : 

'•  Let  humble  Allen,  with  an  awkward  shame, 
Do  good  by  stealth,  and  blush  to  find  it  fame." 

"Although  in  this,  as  well  as  in  other  writings  of  the  author, 
the  scenes  are  chieliy  drawn  from  low  life,  and  display  too  much 
of  the  vices  and  crimes  of  mankind,  yet  they  are  relieved  by  con- 
siderable admixture  of  nobler  matter,  and  contain  many  affecting 
pictures  of  moral  excellence.  Indeed,  it  cannot  be  doubted  the 
writer's  intentions  were  to  favour  the  cause  of  virtue;  and  pro- 
bahly  the  majority  of  readers,  judging  from  fheii-  feelings  in  the 
perusal,  will  pronounce  that  he  has  effected  his  purpose.  A  rigid 
moralist  will  object  to  him  the  common  fault  of  many  writers  of 
fiction,  that  of  sheltering  gross  deviations  from  rectitude  nf  con- 
duct under  tliat  vague  goodness  of  heart  whirh  is  sn  liltle  to  be 
relied  on  as  tho  guide  of  life;  yet  he  has  not  bei-ii  inattentive  to 
poetical  justice  in  making  misfortune  the  constant  concomitant 
of  vice,  though  perhaps  he  has  not  nicely  adjusted  the  degree  of 
punishment  to  the  crime." — Dr.  Aikin. 

Dr.  Beattie  can  hardly  find  terms  sufficiently  expressive 
to  convey  to  the  world  his  admiration  of  the  manogemeut 
of  the  plot  of  Tom  Jones : 

"  Since  the  days  of  Homer  tlie  world  has  not  seen  a  more  artful 
epic  fable.  The  characters  and  adventures  are  wonderfully  diversi- 
fied; yet  the  circumstiinces  are  all  so  natural,  and  rise  so  easily 
from  one  another,  and  co-operate  witli  so  much  regularity  in  bring- 
ing on,  even  while  they  seem  to  retard,  the  catastrophe,  that  the 
curiosity  of  the  reader  is  always  kept  awake,  and,  instead  of  tiag- 
ging,  grows  more  and  more  impatient  as  the  story  advances,  till 
at  last  it  becomes  downright  anxiety.  And  when  we  get  to  the 
end,  and  look  back  on  the  whole  contrivance,  we  are  amazed  to 
find  that  of  so  ma  ny  incidents  there  should  be  so  lew  superfl  uous ; 
that  in  snch  a  variety  of  fiction  there  should  be  so  great  a  proba- 
bility ;  and  that  so  complex  a  tale  should  be  so  perspicuously  con- 
ducted, and  with  perfect  unity  of  design.'' 

With  reference  to  Dr.  Beattie's  introduction  of  the  name 
of  Homer,  we  may  remark  that  Lord  Byron  styles  Fielding 
the  ''Prose  Homer  of  human  nature." 

''  In  Tom  .Jones,  his  greatest  work,  the  artful  conduct  of  the 
fable,  and  the  subserviency  of  all  the  incidents  to  the  winding  up 
of  the  whole,  deserve  much  praise." — Dr.  Bluir's  Lectures  on  Khe- 
toric  and  Bdks-LcUres. 

'•Manners  change  from  generation  to  generation,  and  with  man- 
ners morals  appear  tu  change — actually  change  with  some — but 
appear  to  change  with  all  but  the  abandoned.  A  young  man  of 
the  present  day  who  should  act  as  Tom  Jones  is  supposed  to  act 
at  Upton  with  Lady  Uellastou,  Ac,  would  not  be  a  Tom  Jones; 
and  a  Tom  Jones  of  the  present  day,  without,  perhaps,  being  in 
the  ground  a  better  man.  would  have  perished  rather  than  sub- 
mit to  be  kept  by  a  hariidan  of  fortune.  Therefore  this  novel  is, 
and  indeed  pretends  to  be,  no  example  of  conduct.  But.  notwith- 
standing all  this,  1  do  loathe  the  cant  which  can  recommend  '  Pa- 
mela' and  'Clarissa  Hartowe'  as  strictly  moral,  although  they  poi- 
son the  imagination  of  the  young  with  contiuu.al  doses  of  tinct. 
lytUs,  while  Tom  Jones  is  prohibited  as  loose.  1  do  not  speak  of 
young  women ;  but  a  young  man  whose  heart  or  feelings  can  be 
injured,  or  even  his  pa.ssions  excited,  by  this  novel,  is  already  tho- 
roughly corrupt.  There  is  a  cheerful,  sunshiny,  breezy  spirit  that 
prevails  everywhere,  strongly  contrasted  with  the  close,  day- 
dreamy  continuity  of  Richardson." — S.  T.  Colebidoe:  Likranj 
Remains. 

"Our  popular  novels  are  even  translated  into  Spanish.  'Tom 
Jones,'  indeed,  has  long  been  a  favourite  in  Spain.  It  may  be  re- 
marked, thus  the  most  intensely  natural  works  acquire  the  high- 
est reputation." — Hartley  Coleridge. 

"As  a  picture  of  manners,  the  novel  of  'Tom  Jones'  is  indeed 
exquisite;  as  a  work  of  construction,  quite  a  wonder:  the  by-play 
of  wisdom:  the  power  of  observation,  the  multiplied  felicitous 
turns  and  thoughts,  the  varied  character  of  the  great  Comic  Epic, 
keep  the  reader  in  a  perpetual  admiiation  and  curiosity.  But 
against  Mr.  Thomas  Jones  himself  we  have  a  right  to  put  in  a 
protest,  and  quarrel  with  the  esteem  the  author  evidently  has  for 
that  character.  Charles  Lamb  says  finely  of  Jones,  that  a  single 
hearty  laugh  from  him  'clears  the  air* — but  that  it  is  in  a  certain 
state  of  the  atmosphere.'' — Tlmcherai/'s  Humorists  "/(he  ISth  Cen- 
tury, q.  V. 

''  Ilis  Tom  Jones  is  quite  unrivalled  in  plot,  and  is  to  be  rivalled 
only  in  his  own  works  for  felicitous  delineation  of  character." — 
Taffnurd's  Misrd.  WHtint/s. 

"  In  Tom  Jones.  Fielding  has  comprehended  a  larger  variety  of 
Incidents  and  characters  under  a  stricter  unity  of  .story  than  in 
Joseph  Andrews;  but  he  has  given  to  the  whole  a  tone  of  worldli- 
ness  which  does  not  mar  the  delightful  simplicity  of  the  latter. 
As  an  expression  of  the  power  and  breadth  of  his  mind,  however, 
it  is  altogether  his  greatest  work;  and.  in  the  ^^nion  of  distinct 
pictorial  representiition  with  profound  knowledge  of  practical 
life,  is  unequalled  by  any  novel  in  tlie  language." — Kdwin  P. 
WmppLE :  Essays  and  Remews. 

Dr.  Johnson,  in  a  conversation  to  be  quoted  hereafter, 
declared : 

"Sir.  there  is  more  knowledge  of  the  heart  in  one  letter  of  Rich- 
hrdson's  than  in  all  Tom  Jones." 
33 


But  Fielding's  admirers  do  not  conceive  this  to  have 
been  an  impartial  judgment.  AVe  may  properly  conclude 
our  citation  of  opinions  of  this  remark;ible  work  by  the 
eloquent  tribute  of  a  writer  as  highly  di.stingui?hed  in  tho 
field  of  historic  investigation  as  tho  author  of  Tom  Junes 
was  in  the  walks  of  fiction: 

'"The  nobility  of  the  Spensers  has  been  illustrated  and  enriched 
by  the  trophies  of  Marlboi-ough,  but  I  exhort  them  to  consider  the 
Faery  Queen  as  the  most  precious  jewel  of  their  coronet.  Our  im- 
mortal Fielding  was  of  the  younger  branuh  of  the  Earls  of  Den- 
bigh, who  drew  their  origin  from  the  Counts  of  llapsburg,  tho 
lineal  descendants  of  Eltrico,  in  the  seventh  century,  Dukes  of 
Alsace.  Far  dilfereut  have  been  the  fortunes  of  the  English  and 
German  divisions  of  the  family  of  llapsburg.  The  former,  the 
knights  and  sheriffs  of  Leicestershire,  have  slowly  risen  to  the 
dignity  of  a  peerage;  the  latter,  the  Emperors  of  Germany  and 
Kings  of  Spain,  have  thre-atened  the  liberty  of  the  Old  and  in- 
vaded the  treasures  of  the  New  World.  The  successors  of  Charles 
V.  may  disdain  their  brethren  of  England;  but  the  romance  of 
'  Tom  Jones,'  that  exquisite  picture  of  human  manners,  will  out- 
live the  pahtce  of  the  Escurial  and  the  imperial  eayle  of  Austria." 

— GlUBON. 

3.  Amelia;  published  in  1751. 

"In  point  of  general  excellence  'Amelia'  has  commonly  been 
considered,  no  less  by  critics,  perhaps,  than  by  the  public,  as  deci- 
dedly inferior  to  'Tom  Jones.'  In  variety  and  invention  it  assu- 
redly is  so.  Its  chief  merit  depends  less  on  its  artful  and  elabo- 
rate construction  than  on  the  interesting  series  it  presents  of 
domestic  paintings,  drawn,  as  we  have  remarked,  from  his  own 
family  history.  It  has  more  pathos,  more  nioi-al  lessons,  with  far 
less  vigour  and  humour,  than  either  of  its  predecessors.  But  we 
agree  with  Chalmers,  that  those  who  have  seen  much  of  the  errors 
and  distresses  of  domestic  life  will  probably  feel  that  the  author's 
colouring  hi  this  work  is  more  just,  as  well  as  more  chaste,  than 
in  any  of  his  oilier  novels.  The  appeals  to  the  heart  are  far  more 
forcible." — TllOM.vs  Roscoe:  Life  and  Works  of  Henry  Fielding. 

With  reference  to  Fielding's  having  drawn  from  his  do- 
mestic history,  in  the  pages  of  Amelia,  his  celebrated  kins- 
woman, Lady  Mary  Wortley  M(»ntagu,  thus  discourses  in 
a  letter  written  shortly  before  the  death  of  the  novelist: 

"  II.  Fielding  has  given  a  true  picture  of  himself  and  his  first 
wife  in  the  characters  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Booth,  some  compliments  to 
his  own  figure  excepted;  and  I  am  persuaded  sevei-al  of  the  inci- 
dents he  mentions  are  real  matters  of  fact.  I  wonder  he  does  not 
perceive  that  Ihm  Jones  and  3fr.  Booth  are  sorry  scoundrels." — 
Letters  and  Works,  edited  by  Lord  Wharncliffe. 

Lady  Mary's  remark  relative  to  his  figure  may  appro- 
priately introduce  a  brief  description  of  his  outward  man : 

"  With  regard  to  his  personal  appearance,  Fielding  was  strongly 
built,  robust,  and  in  height  rather  exceeding  six  feet.  He  was 
also  remarkably  active,  till  rep '-ated  attacks  of  the  gout  had  broken 
down  the  vigour  of  a  fine  constitution.  Naturally  of  a  dignified 
presence,  he  was  equally  impressive  in  his  tone  and  manner, 
which,  added  to  his  peculiarly  marked  features,  his  conversational 
powers,  and  rare  wit,  must  have  given  him  a  decided  intiuence  in 
genera!  society,  and  not  a  little  ascendency  over  the  minds  of  com- 
mon men." — Tiiomvs  Ko^coe:  Life  and  Works  of  Hniry  Fielding. 

To  return  to"  Amelia :"Richardson  flattered  himself  that 
this  last  publication  would  prove  the  death-knell  of  his 
rival's  fame;  and  he  remarks,  in  a  letter  to  his  own  enthu- 
siastic admirer,  Mrs.  Donellan : 

"Captain  Booth,  madam,  has  done  his  business.  Mr.  Fielding 
has  ovei^writteu  himself,  or  rather  under-written,  and.  in  his  own 
journal,  seems  ashamed  of  his  last  piece,  and  has  promised  that 
the  same  muse  shall  write  no  more  for  him.  His  piece,  in  short, 
is  as  dead  as  if  it  had  been  published  forty  years  ago.  as  to  sale. 
You  guess  I  have  not  read  'Amelia?'  Indeed  I  have  read  but  the 
first  volume." 

Yet  Amelia  met  with  immediate  and  great  success : 

'•F'ielding's  Amelia  was  perhaps  the  only  book  of  which,  being 
printed  off  betimes  one  morning,  a  new  edition  was  called  for 
befm-e  night." — Dr.  .Tounson. 

We  know  that  the  stern  moralist  himself  read  the  book 
through  without  stopping,  and 

"Johnson  appears  to  have  been  particularly  pleased  with  the 
character  of  the  heroine  of  this  novel,  and  said  F'ielding's  Amelia 
was  the  most  pleasing  heioineofall  the  romances." — Malone. 

"I  admire  the  author  of 'Amelia,' and  thank  the  kind  master 
who  introduced  me  to  that  sweet  and  delightful  companion  and 
friend.  Amelia,  perhaps,  is  not  a  better  story  than  -Tom  Jones,' 
but  it  has  the  better  ethics:  the  prodigal  repents,  at  least,  before 
forgiveness;  whereas,  that  odious,  broad-backed  Mr.  Jones  carries 
otr  his  beauty  with  scarce  an  interval  of  remorse  for  his  manifold 
errors  and  short-comings,  and  is  not  half  punished  enough  before 
the  great  prize  of  fortune  and  love  falls  to  his  share.  I  am  angry 
with  Jones.  Too  much  of  the  plum-cake  and  rewards  of  life  fall 
to  that  boisterous,  swaggering  young  scapegrace.  Sophia  actually 
surrenders  without  a  proper  sense  of  decorum — the  fond,  foolish, 
palpitating  little  creature!  'Indeed,  Mr.  Jonei:,'  she  says. 'it  rests 
with  you  to  appoint  the  day.'  I  suppose  Sophia  is  drawn  from  the 
life,  as  well  as  Amelia;  and  many  a  young  fellow,  no  better  than 
Mr.  Thomas  Jones,  has  carried.  l>y  a  coup  de  main,  the  heart  of 
many  a  kind  girl  who  was  a  great  deal  too  good  for  him." — Thacke- 
ray''s  Emjlit^h  Humorists  nf  the  \Wt  dntury. 

"Of  .ail  his  novels,  it  leaves  the  finest  Impression  of  quiet,  do 
mestic  delighti  of  the  sweet  home  feeling,  and  the  humanities  con- 
nected with  it.  We  have  not  the  glad  spring  or  the  glowing  sum- 
mer of  his  genius,  but  its  autumn.al  mellowness  and  mitigated 
sunshine,  with  something  of  the  thoughtfulness  befitting  the  sea- 
son."— Edwin  P.  Whipple:  Essays  and  lieviiws. 

We  conclude  our  article^  which  we  know  not  well  how 

593 


FIE 

to  shorten,  by  quoting  the  opinions  of  a  mimher  of  distin- 
guished writers  upou  the  literary  characteristics  of  the 
great  Englisii  novelist: 

"We  have  auother  writer  of  those  imaginary  histories,  one  who 
has  not  long  since  descended  to  these  regions.  His  name  Is  FiL-Id- 
iug,  and  his  works,  as  1  have  heard  the  best  judges  say,  have  a 
true  spirit  of  comedy,  and  an  e.xact  repi-esentatinn  of  nature,  with 
fine  moral  touches.  Ho  has  not,  indeed,  given  lessons  of  pure 
and  consummate  virtue,  but  has  exposed  vice  and  meanness 
with  all  the  powers  of  ridicule."— LoKU  Lytteuon  :  DialoQius  of 
the  Vend. 

Lord  Lyttelton,  after  mentioning  some  particulars  of 
Pope,  Swift,  and  other  literary  characters  of  that  day,  when 
Fielding's  name  was  pronounced,  remarked  : 

"Henry  Fielding  bad  more  wit  and  Lumour  than  all  the  per- 
sons we  have  been  speaking  of  put  together.'' 

Fielding's  early  attempts  at  dramatic  authorship  were 
greatly  ridiculed  by  the  wits  then  in  the  ascendant ;  and 
Swift  compares  the  young  author,  not  in  tlie  most  compli- 
mentary manner  in  the  world,  with  Wellsted — no  "bright 
jjarticular  star:" 

"For  instance,  when  you  rashly  tbinlc 
No  rhymer  can  with  Wellsted'  sink, 
His  merits  balanc'd,  you  shall  tind 
That  Fielding  leaves  him  far  behind." 
Upon  which  Dr.  Warton  remarks  : 

"Little  did  .Swift  imagine  that  this  very  Fielding  would  here- 
after eiiual  him  in  works  of  humour,  and  excel  him  in  drawing 
and  supporting  char.acters,  and  in  the  artful  conduct  and  plan  of 
a  comic  epopee.'* 

Few  critics  have  been  so  sparing  of  their  compliments 
to  contemporary  writers  as  the  great  authority  to  be  next 
quoted  : 

"  Monsieur  de  Marivaux,  in  France,  and  Henry  Fielding,  in 
England,  stand  the  foremost  among  those  who  have  given  a  faith- 
ful and  chaste  copy  of  life  and  manners,  and.  tiy  enriching  their 
romance  with  the  best  part  of  the  comic  art,  may  be  said  to  have 
brought  it  to  perfection." — Bishop  WARitrRTO.v. 

"The  genius  of  Cervantes  was  transfused  into  the  novels  of 
Fielding,  who  painted  the  characters  and  ridiculed  the  follies  of 
lile  with  equill  strength,  humour,  and  propriety."— Smollett. 

Sir  Walter  Scott,  whom  we  sh.-ill  again  have  occasion  to 
quote,  thus  combines  the  names  of  Fielding  and  Smollett: 
"Smollett  and  Fielding  were  so  eminently  successful  as  novel- 
ists, that  no  other  English  author  of  that  class  has  a  ri"bt  to  be 
mentioned  in  the  same  breath.  We  readily  grant  to  Smollett  an 
equal  rank  with  his  great  rival.  Fielding— while  we  place  both  far 
above  any  of  their  succes.sors  in  the  same  line  of  fictitious  compo- 
sition. Perhaps  no  books  ever  written  excited  such  peals  of  in- 
extinguishable laughter  as  those  of  Smollett." 

"I  go  to  Sterne  fir  the  feelings  of  nature;  Fielding  for  its  vices; 
Johnson  for  a  knowledge  of  the  workings  of  its  powers :  and  Shaks- 
peare  for  every  thing."— Adernetfiy. 

"The  cultivated  genius  of  Fielding  entitles  him  to  a  hi"h  rank 
among  the  classics.  His  works  exhibit  a  .series  c.f  pictures  drawn 
with  all  the  descriptive  fidelity  of  a  Hogarth.  They  are  highly 
entertaining,  and  will  always  be  read  with  pleasme."— ft-.  Vicesi 
viiii  Knox's  J'J.'isays. 

".Mr.  Fielding's  Novels  are  highly  distinguished  for  their  hu- 
mour; a  humour  which,  if  not  of  the  most  relined  and  delicate 
kind,  IS  original,  and  peculiar  to  himself  The  characters  which 
he  draws  are  lively  and  natural,  and  marked  with  the  strokes  of  a 
hold  pencil.  The  general  scope  of  his  stories  is  favourable  to  hu- 
manity and  goodness  of  heart."— Dk.  Blaie:  Lectures  rni  Ithetoric 
ami  Bctles-Lettres. 

^  "  They  are  splendid  emanations  of  art,  and  artisliml.  as  the  critic 
l.oetho  correctly  expresses  it.  in  the  true  sense  of  the  word  " 

"  Fielding  will  forever  remain  the  delight  of  bis  countrv  and  will 
always  ret.ain  his  place  in  the  libraries  of  Kure|,,..  m.tuitbstanding 
the  unfortunate  grossness.— the  mark  of  an  uo.ulliiat,  d  taste  -- 
which  if  not  yet  entirely  excluded  from  convers^.tinn,  b:is  been  for 
some  time  banished  from  our  writings,  where,  duiim'  llie  liest  a"e 
of  our  national  genius,  it  prevailed  more  than  in  thos°e  of  any  otlier 
polished  nation."— Sir  -Tames  Mickixtosh:  Er/in.  K,v.  xxv!  4S5 

The  opinion  of  Fielding's  celebrated  kinswoman  will  in- 
terest many  readers ; 

"Fielding  has  really  a  fund  of  true  humour,  and  was  to  be  pitied 
at  his  first  entrance  into  the  world,  having  no  choice,  as  lie  said 
himspll  but  to  be  a  hackney-writer,  or  a  hackney-coachman.  His 
genius  deserved  a  better  fate:  but  I  cannot  help  blaming  that  con- 
tinued indiscretion,  togive  it  the  softest  name,  that  has  run  through 
his  life  and  I  am  afraid  still  remains.  ...  Since  I  was  born,  no 
original  has  appeared  excepting  Congrevo  and  Fielding,  who  would, 
1  believe,  have  approarlied  nearer  to  his  excellencies,  if  not  forced 
by  his  necessities  to  publish  without  correction,  and  throw  many 
productions  into  the  world  he  wonld  have  thrown  to  the  fire  if 
meat  could  have  been  got  without  money,  or  money  without  scrib- 
hling.  .  .  There  was  a  great  similitude  between  liis  [ Fielding's! 
clLiracter  and  that  of  Sir  Hichard  Steele.  He  had  the  advantage 
both  in  learning  and,  in  my  opinion,  in  genius;  they  both  agreed 
in  wanting  money,  in  .spite  of  all  their  friend.s.  and  wonld'have 
wanted  it  if  their  hereditary  lands  had  been  as  extensive  as  their 
liiMgination :  yet  each  of  them  was  so  formed  fo,-  happiness  it  is 

r!Ltr'?°'rr°!'*f' lli-[Fi.blin..'sUK,,,|,v:, institution 

(even  when  he  had  with  great  p:Lins  half  demolish.  ,1  il;  made  him 
forget  every  evil  when  he  was  befure  a  ;enis„n  jiaslv  or  over  a 
flask  of  champagne:  and  I  am  persuaded  he  knew  more  happy 
moments  than  any  prince  upon  earth.  His  natural  spirits  gav'e 
him  rapture  withacookmaid.and  cheerfulness  when  he  was  starv- 
'°e  in  a  garret."-Hl>Y  Marv  Wortlet  Movtaou 

'  "'"''"  "•'''**er  of  composition  Fielding  was!  upon  my  word  I 


TIE 

think  the  (Edipus  Tyrannus,  the  Alchemist,  and  Tom  Jones,  the 
three  most  jieifect  pints  ever  planned;  and  how  chaioiing,  how- 
wholesome  Fielding  always  is!  to  take  him  up  after  Uichardson  is 
like  emerging  from  a  sick-room,  heated  by  stoves,  into  an  open  lawn 
on  a  breezy  day  in  May." — S.  T.  Coleridge. 

Hartley  Coleridge,  when  speaking  of  Massinger's  habit  of 

"getting  into  a  passion  with  his  bad  characters,"  remarks: 

"  It  is  a  fault  which  nowhere  occui-s  in  Homer.  Cervantes,  Shak- 

speare,  the  great  and  true  dramatists,  and  very  seldom  in  Fielding 

and  Sir  Walter  Scott." 

But  it  is  time  that  we  had  quoted  the  tribute  of  Sir'^Valtcr 
to  the  illustrious  predecessor  with  whom  he  has  just  been 
named  : 

"  Fielding  is  the  first  of  the  British  Novelists.  His  name  is  im- 
mortal as  a  painter  of  natural  manners.  Of  all  the  works  of  ima- 
gination to  which  English  genius  has  given  origin,  his  writing) 
are  most  decidedly  her  own;  all  the  actors  in  his  narrative  live  in 
England,  travel  in  Engl.and,  quarrel  and  fight  in  England;  and 
scarce  an  incident  occurs,  without  its  being  marked  by  something 
which  could  not  well  have  happened  in  any  other  coun'try.  In  hia 
powers  of  strong  and  natural  humour,  and  forcible  yet  natural  ex- 
hibition of  character,  the  Father  of  the  English  Novel  has  not  yet 
been  approached  even  by  his  most  successful  followers.  He  is, 
indeed,  as  Byron  terms  him — 

•The  prose  Homer  of  human  nature.'" 
It  is  no  slight  evidence  of  the  great  popularity  of  Field- 
ing, that  in  so  many  cases  the  incidental  intripduction  of 
an  author's  name  gives  us  occasion  to  quote  the  opinion  of 
such  author  upon  tlie  merits  of  the  subject  of  our  iien.  We 
find  Smollett  and  Fielding  compared,  and  we  are  reminded 
that  Smollett  left  us  his  estimate  of  the  genius  of  Fielding. 
Again  we  tind  that  Swift  has  made  Fielding  the  "butt  of 
his  clum.sy  ridicule,"  and  we  must  repeat  what  Dr.  Warton 
says  of  botli.  The  names  of  Scott  and  Fielding  .are  com- 
bined, and  wo  recollect  Sir  Walter's  eloquent  tribute  to  hia 
great  predecessor.  Scott  quotes  Byron,  and  we  leel  that 
our  duty  will  not  be  discharged  without  quoting  Byron 
further  on  the  same  suggestive  theme : 

"  There  now  are  no  Squire  Westerns  as  of  old, 
And  our  Sophias  are  not  so  emphatic. 
But  fair  as  them  or  fairer  to  behold." 

Do/i  Juan,  c.  siii.  s.  110. 
A  critic  of  our  own  day,  of  great  eminence,  seems-  to 
have  shared  in  Byron's  feeling  of  familiar  acquaintance 
1  with  the  dramtilin  peisoim  of  these  meiuorable  novels  : 
;      "  What  a  wonderful  art,  what  an  admirable  gift  of  nature,  was 
it  by  which  the  author  of  these  tales  was  endowed,  and  which  en- 
abled him  to  fix  our  interest,  to  waken  our  sympathy,  to  seize  upon 
our  credulity,  so  that  we  believe  in  his  people— speculate  gravely 
upon  their  faults  or  their  excellencies,  prefer  this  one  or  that,  de- 
plore Jones's  fondness  for  drink  and  play.  Booth's  fondness  for 
i  play  and  drink,  and  the  unfortunate  position  of  the  wives  of  both 
1  gentlemen;  we  all  admire  those  ladies  with  all  our  hearts   and 
talk  about  them  as  faithfully  as  if  we  had  breaktjisted  with  them 
this  morning  in  their  actual  drawing-room,  or  should  meet  them 
ibis  afternoon  in  the  ParkI"— r7iac/.prui/'s  Eng.  Hum.  of  the  ISl/i 
Venturtl.  •" 

The  re.ader  must  peruse  for  himself  the  Essay  on  the  Life 
and  Works  of  Fielding,  prefixe.l  to  the  Works  of  the  latter, 
ny  Thomas  Roscoe  :  sec  ante,  notice  of  editions.  We  can 
make  room  for  a  short  extract  only  from  this  well-writteu 
composition ; 

I  _  "  How  far  Uichardson  was  inferior  to  his  great  rival  in  the  leJid- 
ing  characteristics  of  novel-ivriting,  and  in  none  more  than  in 
natuial  and  true  portraiture  of  character  and  manners,  the  differ- 

;  ent  popular  light  in  which  they  are  regarded  affords,  perhaps,  the 
surest  criterion.  While  Fielding  continues  to  rank  with  the  -fore- 
most men  of  all  the  world.'  with  Homer,  Cervantes,  Shakspeare, 
in  the  highest  rank  of  genius,  the  long,  wearisome,  thrice^elabo- 

j  rated  productions  of  Richardson  are  a  dead  weight,  and  sleep  un- 
disturbed upon  their  shelves.  Only  for  a  moient  contrast  the 
characters  they  hare  drawn;  the  truth-telling.  m,anlv  minds  of 

I  1  lelding,  of  which  the  calm  beauty,  •  the  sunshine  andthe  storm.' 

I  are  all  faithful  transcripts  of  nature,  with  the  feeble,  unvaryinir 
portraitures  of  his  contemporary." 

We  find  a  similar  judgment  expressed  by  a  late  eminent 
writer : 

"  When  we  read  Fielding's  novels  after  those  of  Richardson,  we 
leel  as  If  a  stupendous  pressure  were  removed  from  our  souls  We 
seem  suddenly  to  have  left  a  palace  of  enchantment,  where  we 
have  passed  through  long  galleries  filled  with  the  most  gor-'eous 
im.-iges,  and  illumined  by  a  light  not  quite  human  nor  yet  quite 
divine,  into  the  fresh  air,  and  the  common  ways  of  this  '  bright 
and  breathing  world.'  We  travel  on  the  highroad  of  humanrty, 
yet  meet  in  it  pleasanter  companions,  and  catch  more  delicious 
snatches  ot  refreshment,  than  ever  we  can  hope  elsewhere  toeniov  '' 

.—l\\.TO[niJ):XcwHonth.Mag.  ''  ■" 

I  Wo  can  form  some  faint  idea  of  the  growl  of  indignation, 
and  the  torrent  of  invective,  with  which  gruff  old  Johnson 
would  have  chastised  the  utterers  of  such  comparisons  as 
we  have  just  quoted.  And,  indeed,  as  Fielding  has  had  it 
all  his  own  way  for  some  time,  it  is  only  iair,  and  will  bo 
perhaps  agreeable  relief  to  the  reader,  to  show  "the  other 
picture," 

"It  always  appeared  to  me  that  he  estimated  the  compositions 
or  Kichardson  too  highly,  and  that  he  had  an  unreasonable  preju- 
dice against  Fielding.  In  comparing  those  two  writers,  he  used 
this  expression :  'that  there  was  as  great  a  difference  between  them 


FIE 


FIL 


as  'between  a  man  wbo  knew  how  a  watch  was  made,  and  a  man 
who  tould  tell  the  bnur  liy  looking  on  the  diul-plato.'  This  was  a 
short  and  fig;ur.'itive  stjitemeut  of  his  distinction  between  drawing 
characters  of  nature  and  characters  only  of  manners.  ,  .  .  Field- 
ing being  mentioned,  Johnson  exclaimed,  'He  was  a  blockhead;' 
and  upon  my  expressing  my  astonishment  at  so  strange  an  asser- 
tion, be  said,  '^Vhat  1  mean  by  his  being  a  blockhead  is,  that  he 
was  a  barren  rascal.'  Boswell:  '  Will  you  not  allow,  sir.  that  he 
draws  very  natural  picturesof  human  life?'  Johnson:  'Why.  sir, 
it  is  of  very  low  life.  Ilichardson  used  to  say  that,  had  he  not 
linown  who  Fielding  was.  he  should  have  believed  be  was  an  ostler. 
?ir,  there  is  more  knowledge  of  the  heart  in  one  letter  of  Richard- 
son's, than  in  all  Tom  Jones.  I,  indeed,  never  read  Joseph  An- 
drews.' ErisKine:  '  Surely,  sir,  liichardson  is  very  tedious.'  JoHM- 
eoN ;  '  Why,  sir.  if  you  were  to  read  Kichardson  for  the  story,  your 
impatience  would  be  so  much  fretted  that  you  would  hang  your- 
self. But  you  must  read  him  for  the  sentiment,  and  consider  the 
story  as  only  giving  occasion  to  the  sentiment.'" — BosivdVs  Life 
of  Johnson. 

An  eminent  authority  of  modern  times  thu.s  sntisfac- 
torily  accounts  for  the  early  popularity  of  Richardson  in 
Germany: 

"Fielding  conceived  life  as  it  was.  with  great  strength  and  dis- 
tinctness, and  brought  out  into  clear  light  those  contrasts  which 
are  indeed  now  well  enough  known,  but  which  were  then  remarked 
>iy  none,  because  England  was  regarded  as  a  paradise — a  Utopia. 
lie  showed  with  such  power  the  difference  between  appearance  and 
truth — between  a  flattering  clergy  and  true  reli^iou.  that  the  lovers 
of  sentimentality  and  the  multitude,  who  are  always  willing  to 
have  their  eyes  bound  that  they  may  dream  pleasantly,  were  in 
some  measure  driven  from  himself  to  his  countryman  Hiihaidson, 
the  discoverer  of  a  conventional  morality.  We  cannot,  therefore 
wonder  that  Fielding,  who  died  in  1754.  found  a  pulilic  in  CJermany 
much  later  than  Richardson,  whose  moralizing  and  sentimental 
heroes  and  heroines  had  already  become  the  fiisbion  by  means  of 
Rousseau,  at  the  same  time  with  the  idyllic  dreams  of  Gessner. 
We  must  po.HsesB  gnnd  practical  sense  and  a  kuowleiige  of  pure  old 
Knglish  life,  find  .-f  the  :ibiisos  of  its  hierarchy  and  clergy,  to  un- 
d'Tstand  Field ini:,  tn  rsliiiiatea  Joseph  Andrews  and  a  Tom  Jones, 
and  to  find  pleasure  in  them;  whereas  we  have  only  need  of  in- 
defiuite  general  notions  and  sensibility,  to  admire  Richardson's 
Pamela,  and  his  Sir  (.'harles  Grandison." — Schlossei^s  Hist,  of  the 
IStU  Ctnt.,  d-c;  Duruhon's  Tram.,  ii.  59,  60. 

Fielding,  James  Holvrod.  Boauehamp;  or  the 
■\Vhee!  of  Fortune,  ISIS.  4  vols. 

Fielding,  Sir  John,  d.  1780,  half-bmthor  to  Henry 
Fielding-,  the  great  novelist,  and  his  successor  in  his  ma- 
gisterial duties,  was  distinguished  for  his  public  sjiirit  and 
efforts  ftir  the  reformation  of  the  vicious.  In  consideration 
of  his  valuable  services  to  the  community,  he  was  knighted 
in  1761.  1.  Police  Act,  with  a  plan  rcl.  to  Girls  of  the 
Tovpn,  Lon..  1757,  '08,  8vo.  2.  Plan  of  an  Asylum,  or 
Home  of  Refuge  for  Orphans  and  other  deserted  Girls, 
1758,  8vo.  3.  Extracts  from  Penal  Law.s,  &c.,  1761.  '69, 
8vo.  4.  Universal  Mentor,  a  coUec.  of  Moral  and  Misc. 
Essays,  1762.  12mo.  5.  Charge  to  the  Grand  Jury,  1763, 
4to.  6.  Do.,  1766,  4to.  7.  Descrip.  of  London  and  West- 
minster, 1777,  12mo. 

Fieldiii?:,  John.  1.  Peerage  of  Eng.,  Lon.,  1781, 
12mo.  2.  New  Peerage  of  do.,  1784,  12nio.  3.  H.  Coach 
Rates.  1786,  12mo.     4.  Regal  Tables,  12mo. 

Fieldin^s:,  Robert.  Surg.  Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1709. 
Fielding,  Sarah,  1714—1768,  third  sister  of  the  great 
novelist,  lived  and  died  unmarried,  at  Bath.  She  was  a 
woman  of  great  learning.  1.  The  Adventures  of  David 
Simple  in  search  of  a  Faithful  Friend.  2  vols.  12mo.  Pub. 
shortly  after  the  appearance  of  her  brother  Henry's  Joseph 
Andrews.  A  third  vol.  was  added  in  1752.  New  ed.,  1756, 
2  vols.  8vo.  This  novel  was  well  received.  2.  The  Cry; 
a  Dramatic  Fable,  1754,  3  vols.  12mo.  This  has  also  been 
claimed  as  the  production  of  Patti/  Fielding  and  Miss  Jane 
Collier.  Sec  Mrs.  Barbauld's  Life  of  Richardson ;  Biog. 
Dramat,  vols.  i.  and  ii.  3.  Xenophon's  Memoirs  of  Socra- 
tes; Defence  of  Socrates  before  his  Judges,  1762,  8vo. 
Mr.  Harris  of  Salisbury  furnished  some  valuable  notes  to 
this  excellent  translation. 

"Done  with  equal  judgment  and  accuracy.'' — Clarke. 
4.  Familiar  Letters  between  the  chnraetcrs  in  David 
Simple,  2  vols.  5.  The  Governess,  or  Little  Female  Aca- 
demy. 6.  The  Lives  of  Cleopatra  and  Octavia.  7.  The 
Hi.st,  of  the  Countess  of  Delwin,  2  vols.  8.  The  Hist,  of 
Ophelia,  2  vols. 

"Her  unatTect*'d  manners,  candid  mind, 
Her  he-art  benevolent,  and  soul  resign'd; 
Were  more  her  praise  than  all  she  knew  or  thought, 
Though  Athen's  wisdom  to  her  sex  she  taught." 

Inscription  by  J>r.  John  Hnadly  on  the  Monument 
erected  by  him  to  her  memory. 

Fielding,  T.  Select  Proverbs  of  all  Nations.  New 
ed.,  Lon.,  1847,  18mo.     iSee  Ray,  John. 

Fielding,  T.  H.,  of  the  E.  I.  Comp.  Milt.  Coll.,  Ad- 
discombc.  1.  Painting  in  Oil  and  Water  Colours,  Lon., 
1839,  imp.  8vo;  4th  ed.,  1846. 

"  Mr.  Fielding's  work  may  be  honoured  in  France  as  M.  Merim^e's 
has  been  in  England  by  a  translation;  we  think  it  a  better  one, 
and  therefore  more  desersiug  of  it." — Lull.  Purthaivn. 


2.  Hist,  of  the  Art  of  Engraving,  Lon.,  1840,  r.Svo.  New 
ed.,  1848.  3.  Picturesque  Descrip.  of  the  River  Wye,  1841, 
4to.  4.  Synopsis  of  Practical  Perspective,  3d  ed.,  1843, 
8vo.  5.  Manual  of  Colours.  1844,  fp.  Svo.  6.  On  the  Know- 
ledge and  Restoration  of  Oil  Paiutings,  1847.  12mo. 

Fields, James  T.,  b.  1820,  at  Portsmouth, New  Hamp- 
shire, a  partner  of  the  well-known  Boston  publishing  house 
of  Ticknor  and  Fields,  has  won  considerable  reputation  as 
a  poet.  A  volume  of  his  poetical  compositions  was  pub. 
in  Boston  in  1849,  and  one  for  private  distribution  waa 
printed  at  Cambridge  in  1854.  In  1858  ho  also  privately 
printed  a  beautiful  volume  entitled  A  Few  Verses  for  a 
Few  Friends. 

*'  This  book  itself,  apart  from  its  contents,  is  a  poem.  In  paper, 
type,  edging,  and  ornament — in  all  the  varialde  details  uf  me 
ciianical  execution — it  vindicates  its  title  to  be  termed  a  work  of 
high  art.  The  poems  it  contains  are  gems  well  worthy  the  setting, 
— pure  thought,  genial  feeling,  tender  remembrance,  and  lambent 
fancy,  in  natural  measures  and  easy  rhythm,— such  poems  as 
always  win  a  higher  fame  than  ihey  seek  and  are  best  appreciated 
by  those  whose  verdict  is  of  the  most  significant  import." — 
N.  Amer.  Rev.,  clxxx.,  July,lR58. 

Among  his  principal  pieces  arc  Commerce,  read  before 
the  Boston  Mercantile  Association  on  its  anniversary  in 
1838,  and  The  Post  of  Honour,  read  before  the  same  so- 
ciety in  1848.  The  reading-world  is  indebted  to  Mr.  Fields 
for  a  complete  edition  of  Do  Quincey's  writings,  which  he 
collected,  edited,  and  published  in  20  vols.  16mo,  Bost., 
1858.  See  De  Quincey,  Thomas.  Specimens  of  Mr. 
Ficlds's  style  will  be  found  in  Griswold's  Poets  and  Poetry 
of  America,  and  Duyckincks'  Cyc.  Amer.  Lit. 

"  Besides  bis  serious  poems,  he  has  produced  some  very  original 
mirthful  pieces,  in  which  are  adroit  touches  of  wit,  felicitous  bits 
at  current  follies,  and  instances  ofquaint  humour,  laughing  through 
piim  ami  di-ron^us  lines,  which  evince  a  genius  for  I'ers  de  sociiti. 
The  pdi'nw  Mr.  Fields  has  given  us  are  evidently  the  careless  pro- 
ducts of  a  singularly  sensitive  and  fertile  mind — indications  rather 
than  exponents  of  its  powers — furnishing  evidence  of  a  cap.^city 
which  it  is  to  be  hoped  the  engagementsof  business  will  not  wholly 
absorb." — Griswold's  Poets  and  Poetry  of  America. 

"  Mr.  Fields's  visit  wasnec.^ssjirily  brief;  but  that  short  interview 
has  laid  the  foundation  of  a  friendship  which  will,  I  think,  last  as 
long  as  my  frail  life,  and  of  which  the  benefit  is  all  on  my  side. 
He  Sends  me  charming  letters,  verses  which  are  fast  ripening  into 
true  poetry,  excellent  books;  and  this  autumn  he  brought  back 
himself,  and  came  to  pay  me  a  visit :  and  be  must  come  again,  for, 
of  all  tbi!  kindnesses  with  whi.h  U''  In.uls  me.  1  like  his  company 
the  best." — MissMiTFOitP.in  hvrLdmiri/  Ii>rulh:r!ioiis. 

Fiennes,  Nathaniel,  1608-1669.  second  son  of  Lord 
Say  and  Sele.  educated  at  Oxford,  and  Lord  Privy  Seal 
under  Oliver  Cromwell,  pub.  several  speeches  and  political 
pamphlets,  1640-64.     Monarchy  the  best  Gov't,  1660. 

•'  Tho'  before  he  had  shew'd  himself  an  antimonarchisi,  yet  then, 
when  he  saw  what  (Oliver  aimed  at  [he]  became  a  lover  of  kingship 
and  monarchy,  purposely  to  gain  honour  and  riches  for  the  esta- 
blishing a  family  which  he  and  the  rest  of  the  godly  party  aimed 
at." — Athen.  Oion. 

Not  all,  Anthony;  be  a  little  more  charitable.  Fiennes 
was  for  some  time  colonel  of  horse  under  the  Earl  of  Essex. 
"  If  be  had  not  incumbered  himself  with  command  in  the  army, 
to  which  men  thought  bis  nature  not  so  well  disposed,  be  had  been 
second  to  none  in  those  councils  after  Mr.  Hampden's  death.'' — 
Lord  Clarendon. 

W.alker  ascribes  to  Fiennes  a  historical  tract  called  An- 
glia  Rediviva,  pub.  under  the  name  of  Sprigge. 

Fiennes,  William,  Lord  Say  and  Sele,  1582-1662, 
father  of  the  preceding,  educated  at  Oxford,  was  "very 
active"  with  Hampden  and  Pym,  yet  was  made  Lord  Privy 
Seal  and  Lord  Chamberlain  at  the  Restoration.  He  wrote 
some  political  tracts,  and  some  treatises  against  the  Qua- 
kers. The  Scots  Design  Discovered,  1653,  4to,  has  been 
ascribed  both  to  him  and  his  son  Nathaniel.  Wood  speaks 
of  the  honours  bestowed  upon  him  by  Charles  II.  with 
great  indignation : 

'*  While  others  that  suffered  in  estate  and  body,  and  had  been 
reduced  to  a  bit  of  bread  for  his  maj.  cause,  had  then  little  or  no- 
thing given  to  relieve  them ;  for  «'hicb  they  were  to  thank  a  hun- 
gry and  great  officer.  [Lord  Clarendon.— Cole,]  who,  to  fill  his  own 
coffers,  was  the  occasion  of  the  ruin  of  many." — Athen.  Oxon. 

"  lie  was  a  person  of  great  parts,  wisdom,  and  integrity." — 
Whitelocke- 

"A  man  of  a  close  and  reserved  nature,  of  great  parts,  and  of 
the  highest  ambition."— Lord  Clarendon.  See  Athen.  Oxon.; 
Park's  K.  and  N.  Authors. 

Fierburtus,  Nic.     See  Fitzhehbert. 
Fife,  Lord.     A  Catalogue  of  Lord  Fife's  Coins  and 
Medals.  1796,  4to. 

Fige;es,  James.  The  Excise  Officer's  Yade  Mecum, 
Lon.,  1781,  12mo. 

Fildin^,  Ford.  Trans,  of  Dan  Toussaius's  Exercise 
of  the  Faithful  Soule,  Ac.  Lon.,  1683,  8vo. 

Filewood,  F.  R.  Argts.  and  Proofs  of  the  Excellency 
of  the  Liturgy  of  the  Ch.  of  Eng.,  Lon.,  1792,  12mo. 
Filgate, Fitzherbert, Thorough  Draining,1848,18mo. 
"  The  author  writes  very  soundly  and  practically." — DonaUimn's 
AgHcuU.  Biog.  ■-    , 


FIL 

Filipowski,  H.  E.  A  Tj,ble  of  Anti-Logarithms,  2d 
ed.,  Lon.,  1851,  8vo. 

"  All  (hut  could  bo  « ished  in  extent,  in  structure,  and  in  typo- 

grapliy.     Ff.r  its  extent  it  is  unique  among  modern  tables  " Pruf 

Aug.  I)e  MnRG\x. 

Filkes,  John.  Serm.,  Lon.,  1713,  8vo;  do.,  1714,  8to. 
Filkes,  John.     Serm.,  &c.,  1802,  '04,  8vo. 
Fills,  Robert.      Theolog.   treatises   and   derotional 
works,  trans,  from  the  French,  Lon.,  1562-9(1,  Ac. 
Filmcr,  Edward.     French  Court  Ayres,  1629. 
Filmer,  Edward,  D.C.L.,  educated  at  All-Souls' Col- 
lege, 0.\f.,  disgraced   himself  by  defending   the   English 
stage  against  Jeremy  Collier,  in  A  Defence  of  Plays,  Lon., 
1707,  8vo.     He  also  pub.  The  Unnatural  Brother,  a  Trag., 
Lon.,  1697,  4to. 

•'  It  tiears  stronfj  testimony  to  the  understanding  and  abilities 
of  the  author." — liuiq.  Dramai. 

Filmer,  Sir  Robert,  d.  1647,  a  native  of  Kent,  father 
of  the  preceding,  educated  at  Trin.  Coll.,  Camb.,  wrote  a 
number  of  political  treatises  in  favour  of  arbitrary  power 
in  the  mimarch,  among  which  arc,  1.  The  Anarchy  of  a 
Mised  and  Limited  Monarchy,  1616,  '48,  '79.  2.  Neces- 
sity of  the  absolute  Power  of  all  Kings,  and  in  particular 
of  the  King  of  England,  1648,  '80.  3.  Original  of  Gov't; 
against  Milton,  ilobbes,  Grotius,  ILittou,  Ac,  1652,  4to. 
4.  Questio  Quodlibetiea;  or,  a  Discourse  whether  it  may  be 
lawful  to  take  use  for  Money,  165.3,  '78,  8vo.  5.  Free- 
holder's Grand  Inquest,  touching  the  King  and  his  Pari.; 
written  by  Sir  Richard  Hobhouse,  1679,  8vo.  6.  Patri- 
archia;  or.  The  Natural  Power  of  the  Kings  of  England 
asserted. 

'■In  which  he  endeavours  to  prove,  that  nil  government  was  mon- 
archical at  first,  and  that  all  legal  titles  to  govern  are  oriijinally 
derived  trom  the  hands  of  families,  or  from  such  upon  whoiii  their 
right  was  transterred,  either  by  concession  or  &ilure  of  the  line. 

"Ills  aiguments  are  singularly  insufficient;  he  r|uotes  nothing 
but  a  few  irrelevant  texts  from  Genesis;  he  seems  not  to  have 
known  at  all  the  strength,  whatever  it  may  be,  of  his  own  case 
and  it  is  hardly  possible  to  find  a  more  trilling  and  feeble  work 
It  had  however  the  advantage  of  opportunity  to  be  received  by  a 
party  with  approbation."— aii(/a»i's  Intraluc.  to  LU.  of  £,irope. 

This  work  has  elicited  able  confutations,  the  best  known 
of  which  will  be  found  in  Locke's  Treatises  on  Civil  Go- 
vernment. 7.  Political  Discourses,  1680,  Svo.  8.  Defence 
against  Algernon  Sidney's  Paper. 

"  Sir  Hubert  Kilmer  of  Kent  was  intimately  acqruiinted  with 
Camden,  who  told  him  he  was  not  sufTerod  to  print  many  things 
in  his  Elizabeth,  which  he  sent  over  to  his  fnrrespondeut  Thuamis 
who  printed  It  all  failhfully  in  his  annals  without  alterin'^a  word" 
Fillmore,  Augustus  D.,  b.  1823,  in  Ohio.  1.  Uni- 
versal Musician.  2.  Christian  Psalmist.  3.  Tree  of  Tem- 
perance and  its  Fruits,  Ac. 

Filson,  John.  Topog.  Description  of  the  West.  Terri- 
tory of  N.  America,  1793,  8vo.  In  association  with  George 
Imlay.  2.  The  Discovery,  Settlement,  and  present  State 
of  Kentucke,  Wilmington,  1784,  8vo;  Lon.,  1793,  8vo  In 
French,  Paris,  1785. 

"This  account  bears  every  ni.ark  of  authenticity.  It  was  drawn 
up  from  personal  notice  or  immediate  information,  and  is  attested 
by  the  signatures  of  three  respectable  inhabitants  of  the  countiy 
The  author  is  a  believer  in  the  selllemeut  of  a  Welsh  colony  in 
this  country  by  Madoc,  in  Ulur—Hichs  Bihl.  Amer.  Nma. 

Finch,  Anne,  d.  1720,  Countess  of  Winchelsea,  was 
the  daughter  of  Sir  William  Kingsmill,  of  Sidmonton, 
Southampton,  and  wife  of  Hcneagc,  E.arl  of  Winchelsea. 
Miscellaneous  Poems,  on  several  occasions,  Lon.,  1731,  Svo! 
Among  the  pieces  is  a  tragedy  called  Aristomines.  '  Her 
best-known  poem  is  The  Atheist  and  the  Acorn.  Pope  ad- 
dressed some  verses  to  her,  which  elicited  an  "  ele.'ant  re- 
plication," printed  in  Gibber's  Lives,  and  prefi.\ed  to  an  old 
edit,  of  his  works.  Her  poem  upon  the  Spleen,  imb  in 
Gildon's  Miscellany,  1701,  Svo,  w.-is,  with  several  other  of 
her  pieces,  inserted  by  Dr.  Birch  in  the  General  Biographi- 
cal Dictionary,  by  permission  of  the  Countess  of  Hertford, 
who  owned  the  originals. 

"  It  is  remarkable  that,  excepting  a  passage  or  two  in  the  Wind- 
sor iorestol  Pope,  and  some  delightful  pictures  in  the  poems  of 
Lady  Minchelsea,  the  poetry  of  the  period  intervening  between 
tlie  publication  ol  the  Paiadise  Lost  and  the  Seasons  does  not 
contain  a  single  now  image  of  external  nature."— Wordsworth. 

The  extravagance  of  this  assertion  appears  to  us  to  be 
manifest.  Had  Mr.  Wordsworth  perused  and  remembered 
all  the  poetry  lietwcen  Paradise  Lost  and  The  Seasons? 
Fint-h,  H.  Sonnets  and  other  Poems.  1805,  Svo 
Finch,  Charles,  Earl  of  Nottingham.  His  Royal 
Entertainment  when  Ambassador  to  the  King  of  Simin 
1605,  4to.  °  '       ' 

i^J^'"*^^**' ''''"'*'''  ^''™"<'  ^•^■•1  of  Nottingham.  1647- 
1729-30,  was  educated  at  Christ  Church,  0.vf.,  filled  several 
important  political  posts.  1.  Answer  to  Whiston's  Letter 
to  him  concerning  the  Eternity  of  the  Son  of  God  and  of 
the  llol.v^,host,  Lou.,  1721,  Svo;  3  edits,  in  the  same  year. 


FIN 

For  this  work  he  was  thanked  by  the  University  of  O.xford. 
2.  Letter  to  Dr.  Waterland,  printed  at  the  end  of  Dr.  New- 
ton's Treatise  on  Pluralities.  Observations  upon  the  State 
of  the  Nation  in  January,  1712-13,  has  been  ascribed  to 
him.  Horace  Walpole  states  that  he  was  assured  it  was 
not  his  composition. 

Finch,  EdAvard,  Vicar  of  Christ's  Church,  London, 
brother  ol  Sir  Heneage  Finch,  lirst  Earl  of  Nottingham, 
was  ejected  from  his  parish  by  the  parliamentary  inquisi- 
tors. Answer  to  the  Articles  preferred  against  liim,  1041, 
4to.  The  charges  exhibited  against  him  were  pub.  in  the 
same  year,  4to. 

Finch,  George.     Sketch  of  the  Romish  Controversy, 
Lon.,  1831-36,  2  vols.  Svo.     Reprinted,  1850,  2  vols.  Svo. 
"A  valuable  collection  of  documents  extracted  from  various 
Bomcesr—Bklersbth's  C.  S. 

Finch,  Heneage,  first  Earl  of  Nottingham,  1621- 
1682,  was  a  native  of  Kent,  and  educated  at  Oxford;  At- 
torney-General, 1670  ;  Lord  Keeperaboutl673;  LordHigh- 
Chancellor,  1675.  A  number  of  his  parliamentary  and 
judicial  speeches  were  pub.,  1660-1791.  He  left  Chancery 
Reports.  MS.  in  folio,  and  notes  on  Coke's  Institutes.  He 
is  highly  commended  by  Bishop  Burnet. 

"He  was  a  person  of  the  greatest  abilities  and  most  uncorrupted 
integrity ;  a  thorough  master  and  zealous  defender  of  the  laws  and 
constitution  of  his  country."- Sir  Wm.  Blackstone. 

See  Athen.  Oxon.;  Collins's  Peerage;  Park's  Walpole 'a 
R.  and  N.  Authors. 

Finch,  Heneage,  second  Earl  of  Winchelsea,  d.  1689, 
was  English  ambassador  to  Turkey.  1.  Narrative  of  the 
success  of  his  Embassy  to  Turkey,"  Lon.,  1661.  2.  A  Re- 
lation of  the  late  prodigious  Earthquake  and  Eruption  of 
Mount  Etna,  1669,  fol.  This  eruption  was  witnessed  bv 
his  lordship  on  his  return  from  Constantinople. 

Finch,  Sir  Henry,  d.  1625,  of  the  same  family  as  the 
Lord  Chancellor,  was  educated  at  Oxford,  and  became  an 
eminent  lawyer.  1.  Nomotechnia;  cest  a  Scavoir,  un  De- 
scription del  Commun  Leys  d'Angleterre,  &e.,  Lon.,  1613, 
fol.  Tran.s.  by  the  author  into  English  under  the  title  Of 
Law,  or  a  Discourse  thereof,  1627,  '36,  '61,  '78,  Svo.  New 
ed.,  with  Notes  and  References  by  Dunby  Pickering,  1769, 
Svo.  Another  trans.,  anon.,  1759,  Svo.  Finch's  Law  was 
the  principal  guide  of  law  students  until  the  publication  of 
Blackstone's  Commentaries.  The  best  portions  of  Finch 
are  incorporated  into  the  latter  work. 

"Before  wo  attempt  the  perus;il  of  our  ancient  law  writers  it 
will  be  highly  convenient  to  have  a  general  idea  of  the  common 
law  ilsflf,  the  chief  subject  of  all  their  tracts,  and  this  perhaps 
cannot  be  had  more  readily  than  from  that  methodical  system 
which  is  Well  known  by  the  name  of  Finch's  Law.  ...  It  is  still 
m  guod  credit  and  repute.  Out  of  it  is  extracted,  or  stolen,  an- 
other small  treatise,  which  is  called  Summary  of  the  Common  Law 
ot  Lngland."— Ks/iop  JVicolson's  Eng.  Hist.  Lib.,  179, 

The  Summary  noticed  by  the  bishop  was  pub.  in  1654, 
12mo.     2.  On  the  Calling  of  the  Jews. 
Finch,  Hon.  Henry,  Dean  of  York.  Serm.,  1712,  4to. 
Finch,  John.     1.  Travels  in  the  U.  States  and  Canada, 
Lon.,  Svo. 

''.Mr.  F.'s  observations  are  marked  by  good  sense,  impartialily, 
and  good  feeling." — Lon.  Monthly  Rev. 

2.  The  Natural  Boundaries  of  Empire,  1844,  fp.  Svo. 
"We  can  strongly  recommend  the  work,  both  for  its  usefulness 
and  the  exact  and  deep  research  of  its  most  intelligent  author  "~ 
Bell  s  M<Fseu<fr. 

Finch,  John  Lord.     Letters,  Ac,  1640-41. 

Finch,  Martin.  1.  Animad.  upon  Sir  Henry  Vane's 
Retired  Man's  Meditations,  Lon.,  1656,  12mo.  2.  Answer 
to  Mr.  Thomas  Grantham's  Dialogue  between  the  Baptist 
and  the  Prcsbyt.,  1691,  Svo. 

Finch,  R.  Tracts  containing  a  Defence  of  the  Doc- 
trines of  Regeneration.  AdvicetoY.  Clergymen.  Thoughts 
on  the  Sovereignty  of  God,  &<:,  1793,  Svo. 

"1'hey  are  really  valuable  tracts,  though  some  of  them  are  ex- 
pressed occasionally  in  too  much  severity  of  language.  In  this 
their  collected  foi-m,  with  real  nameof  the  author  prefixed,  I  never 
saw  another  copy."— J/.S'.  K:Je  by  l!ev.  P.  Ball. 

We  presume  this  R.  Finch  to  be  Robert  Poole  Finch, 
D.D.,  but  may  be  mistaken. 

Finch,  Richard.  1.  War,  Notting.,  1747.  2,  Exam, 
of  Cudworlh's  Thoughts  on  Election,  Ac,  Lon.,  1755. 

Finch,  Robert,  1783-1830,  an  antiquary,  collected 
a  valuable  library  and  collection  of  antiquities,  pictures, 
Ac,  which  he  bequeathed  to  the  Ashmolean  Museum  at 
Oxford.  The  Crown  of  Pure  Gold,  and  Protestantism  our 
surest  Bulwark;  two  Serius.,  1809. 

Finch,  Robert  Poole,  D.D.  Occasional  Serms., 
1746-1798.  Consid.  upon  Judicial  Oaths,  1788,  Svo.  See 
FiNcii.  R. 

Finch,  Rev.  Thomas.  1.  Early  Wisdom,  Lon.,  1794, 
2  vols.  12ino.  2.  To  Sailors,  1797,  Svo.  3.  To  the  Poor, 
Norw.j  Svo. 


FIN 


FIN 


Finch,  Thomas.  Treceaentsin  Chancery,  1689-1722, 
Lon.,  1747,  ful. ;  2iJ  ed.,  by  Thomas  Finch,  Lon.,  1786,  8vo. 
Lord  Hardwic-ke  states  that  the  notes  to  cases  to  170S  were 
taken  by  Mr.  Puulcy,  the  remainder  by  Mr.  Robins. 

"The  cases  are  biietty  r-'pnrted.  Vmt  are  of  respectable  authority." 
See  Pref.  18  Viuer's  AbiiJgt.;  1  Kent's  Com.,  49*2;  Marvin's  Leg. 
Bibl..  586. 

Finch,  Thomas.     1.  E.ssays   on    Man,  Lon.,  1811, 
12mo.     2.  On  Politiciil  Philos.,  1812,  8vo,     3.  Social  Vir- 
tues; aSerm.,  1812,  8vo.     4.  Scriptural  Christianity,  1812, 
8vo.     5.  Christian  Principles;  a  8erm.,  Lynn,  1815,  8vo. 
F'inch,  \V.     1.  Masonic  Treatise.     2.  Masonic  Plates. 
Finch,  Wm,,  D.D..  Preb.  of  Cant.     Serm.,  1704,  4to. 
Finch,  >Vni.,D.D.    1.  The  Objec.  of  Infidel  Historians, 
Ac.  agst.  Christianity;  in  8  sernis.  at  the  Bampton  Lecture, 
1797,  and  another  scrm.,  1797,  8vo.     2.  Serm.,  1798,  8vo. 
Fincher,  Joseph.     1.  Interpositions  of  Divine  Pro- 
vidence, Lon.,  12mo.     2.  Achievements  of  Prayer,  2d  ed., 
1828.  12mo. 

F''in(Ien,  W.  and  E.  The  splendid  publications  of 
these  gentlemen — The  Royal  Gallery  of  British  Art,  Por- 
traits of  Female  Aristocracy,  Tableaux,  Ports  and  Har- 
bours of  Great  Britain,  Landscape  Illustrations  of  the 
Bible,  &c. — arc  well  known  and  justly  valued  by  the  pub- 
lic in  and  nut  of  England. 

Findlater,  Rev.  Charles,  minister  of  Newlands, 
Peebles.  Genl.  Survey  of  the  Agricult.  of  the  County  of 
Peebles,  Edin.,  1802,  Svo. 

"The  suliject.  matter  is  well  arranged  and  very  judiciously  re- 
lated. The  not-es  and  appendix  are  very  valuable  on  the  social 
policy  of  the  district  and  its  re^'uhitions:  the  report  has  always 
been  esteemed.' — Dmiah/soii's  AgncaU.  Biog. 

Findlay,  A.  G,  1.  Modern  Atlas,  Lon.,  1843,  r.  Svo. 
2.  Outline  Maps,  1843,  r.  4to.  3.  Classical  Atlas  of  Ancient 
Geography,  1S47,  r.  Svo,  and  r.  4to,  N.  York,  1849,  Svo. 

"This  atlas  will  ha  found  to  answer  all  the  purposes  of  the  stu- 
dent. It  is  undoubtedly  the  best  collection  of  maps  for  its  size 
that  has  hitherto  appeared,  and  the  interesting  information  con- 
tained in  the  introduction  renders  the  work  doubly  valuable." — 
CHARLF5  Anthon.  LL.D..  CnlumJjia  College. 

4.  School  Classical  Atlas,  imp.  Svo,  5.  School  Atlas  of 
Modern  Geography,  1848,  4to. 

The  value  of  these  atlases  is  well  known,  and  they  are 
beautifully  gotten  up. 

*'The  artistic-al  portion  of  these  Atlases  cannot  be  surpassed." 
— Oiurch  awl  State  Gazette. 

6.  Directory  for  the  Navigation  of  the  Pacific  Ocean, 
1851,  2  vols.  r.  Svo.  7.  Sailing  Directory  for  the  East  Coast 
of  England  and  Scotland,  1852,  Svo.  8.  Comparative  Atlas 
of  Ancient  and  Modern  Geography,  1853,  imp.  4to. 

Findlay,  J.  Four  serms..  by  J.  F.,  J.  Tozer,  J.  Moody, 
and  G.  C.  Broadbelt,  Lon.,  1799,  Svo. 

Findlay,  John  K,,  son  of  Gov.  Findlay  of  Pennsyl- 
vania. Archbold'sfJ.  F.)  Law  of  Nisi  Prius;  3d  Amer.  ed., 
enlarged  and  improved,  by  J.  K.  F.,  Phila.,  1852,  2  vols. 
Svo.  The  editor's  Introduction  and  additions  to  the  body 
of  the  work  greatly  increase  the  value  of  the  original,  which 
is  perhaps  the  best  treatise  upon  the  subject.  See  Arch- 
BOLO.  J.  F. ;  Stephens,  ARCHiBALn  John. 

Findlay,  Robert,  1721-1814,  a  Scotch  divine,  was 
educated  at  the  University  of  Glasgow  and  at  Leyden :  one 
of  the  ministers  of  Glasgow.  1756 ;  Prof,  of  Divinity  in 
that  University,  1782.  1.  Two  Letters  to  Dr.  Kennicott, 
Lon.,  1762.  Svo.  Anon.  2.  Psalmody,  Glasg.,  1763,  Svo. 
Anon.  3.  Vindication  of  the  sacred  Books  and  of  Jose- 
phus  from  Voltaire,  1770,  Svo. 

'•  This  is  a  serious  and  solid  refutation  of  many  of  M.  de  Vol- 
taire's most  formidable  objections  to  the  sacred  writings." — Bishop 
Watson. 

4.  Letter  to  Dr.  Jebb,  1778,  Svo.  Anon.  5.  Remarks  on 
Lindsey's  Dissert,  on  Praying  to  Christ,  17S1.  Svo. 

"These  tracts  contain  importaut  observations  on  some  passages 
of  Scripture  in  that  department  of  the  Socinian  controversy." — 
Orme's  Bibl.  Bib. 

6.  The  Divine  Inspiration  of  the  Scriptures  of  the  Old 
Test,  asserted  by  St.  Paul,  2  Tim.  iii.  16;  and  Dr.  Ged- 
des's  Reasons  against  the  Tenor  of  his  Words  examined, 
1804,  Svo. 

"The  reply  to  Dr.  Geddes  is  a  most  satisfactory  one,  and  both 
vindicates  the  common  reading  of  2  Tim.  iii.  16,  and  supports  the 
generaliv  received  views  of  inspiration." — Orinc^s  Bihl.  Bib. 

Findley,  Wm.,  d.  1821.  a  member  of  the  U.  States 
Congress,  1812,  a  native  of  Irehind,  was  a  zealous  sup- 
porter of  the  American  Revolution.  1.  Review  of  the 
Funding  System,  1794.  2.  Hist,  of  the  Insurrection  of 
the  4  western  counties  of  Penn.,  Ac,  Phila,,  1796.  3.  Ob- 
serv.  on  the  two  Sons  of  Oil,  vindic.  religious  liberty  agst. 
Rev.  Samuel  B.  Wylie. 

Finegan,  J.  T.  An  Attempt  to  illustrate  a  few  Pas- 
sages in  Shakspeare's  Works,  Bath,  1S02,  Svo,  with  quo- 
tations from  *'  Pierce  Plowman's  Vision,"  respecting  the 


antiquity  of  which  the  author  dissents  from  Warton's 
opinion. 

Finett,  Sir  John,  Knt.,  1571-1640,  a  native  of  Soul- 
ton,  Kent.  1.  Finetti  Philoxemis,  rcl.  to  Forren  Ambassa- 
dors in  Eng..  Lon.,  1656,  Svo  ;  1756,  12mo.  Posth.;  pub.  by 
James  Howell.  A  curious  work.  See  an  analysis  in  Oldys's 
Brit.  Lib..  163-S.  2.  On  Estates;  from  the* French  of  R. 
de  Lusing,  1606. 

"He  was  bred  up  in  the  court,  where,  by  his  wit,  mirth,  and 
uncommon  skill  in  composing  songs,  he  very  much  pleased 
James  1." 

Fin^lass,  Esther.  The  Recluse;  or,  History  of 
Lady  Gertrude  Le?ly,  Lon.,  1790,  2  vols.  12mo. 

Finglass,  John^  D.D.,  Preb.  of  St.  Andrew's,  Dublin. 
Serms.,  161*5,  4to. 

F^inlason,  W.  1.  Leading  Cases  in  Pleading  and 
Parties  to  Action,  with  Notes,  Lon.,  1847,  r.  Svo;  Har- 
risburg,  1847,  Svo. 

"  The  Notes  themselves  are  learned,  and,  we  may  add.  elaborate 
Treatises  upon  the  matters  to  which  they  relate." — London  Laio 
Mag. 

*'A  valuable  addition  to  the  library  of  the  professional  man."— 
Penn.  Law  Jour. 

2.  Finlason.  W.,  and  Morris  R.,  Common  Law  Proce- 
dure Act,  1852;  with  Notes,  Lon.,  1852,  12mo. 

Finlay,  George.  1.  Greece  under  the  Romans,  B.C. 
146-A.D.  717,  Lon.,  1843,  Svo;  2d  ed..  1857,  Svo. 

"  His  work  is  therefore  learned  and  profound.  It  throws  a  flood 
of  liglit  upon  an  important  thoush  obscure  portion  of  Grecian 
history.  ...  In  the  essential  requisit*'S  of  fidelity,  accuracy,  and 
learning.  Mr.  Finlay  bears  a  fiivourable  comparison  with  any  his- 
torical writer  of  our  day.'" — North  Amer.  Rev. 

"  The  History  of  Greece  under  the  Romans  has  been  ably  written 
by  Mr.  Finlay." — Lon.  Qiiar.  Hev. 

2.  The  liist.  of  Greece  from  its  Conquest  by  the  Cru- 
saders to  its  Conquest  by  the  Turks,  and  of  the  Empire  of 
Trebizond,  1204-1461,  1851.  Svo. 

3.  Hist,  of  the  Byzantine  Empire,  716-1057,  185.3,  Svo. 
4.  Hist,  of  the  Byzantine  and  Greek  Empires,  1057-1453, 
1S54,  Svo. 

"At  a  time  when  so  much  attention  is  being  devoted  to  the  mo- 
dem history  of  the  Greek  race,  and  to  the  constitution  .ind  history 
of  the  Greek  Church,  and  when  even  our  scholars  are  catching  the 
enthusiasm,  and  insisting  on  the  necessity  of  studying  the  modern 
Greek  language  and  literature.  Mr.  Fiulay's  solid  and  careful 
works  will  be  welcomed  by  all  who  read  to  be  informed." — Lon. 
AthencFum. 

Finlay,  John,  1782-lSlO,  a  native  of  Glasgow,  and 
j  educated  at  the  University  of  that  city,  was  a  poet  of  some 
repute.  1.  Wallace;  or,  The  Vale  of  EUerslie;  with  other 
Poems,  Glasg.,  1802,  12mo ;  1804,  Svo.  2.  Scottish  Hist. 
and  Romantic  Ballads;  chiefly  ancient,  Edin.,  1S08,  2  vols. 
Svo.     3.  Life  of  Cervantes. 

"  Ilis  chief  poem,  'Wallace;  or,  The  Vale  of  EUerslie,'  which  was 
written  at  the  age  of  nineteen,  is  doubtless  an  imperfect  compo- 
sition ;  but  it  displays  a  wonderful  power  of  versification,  and  con- 
tains many  splendid  descriptions  of  external  nature.  It  possesses 
both  the  merits  and  defects  which  we  look  for  in  the  early  compo- 
sitions of  true  genius.  .  .  .  The  collection  of  '  Historical  and  Ro- 
mantic Ballads'  entitles  the  name  of  Finlay  to  a  place  among 
Scottish  antiquaries,  and  to  follow  those  of  Walter  Scott  and  Ro- 
bert .Tamiesou." — Blackirond'.';  Mag.,  ii.  186,  q.  v.  for  a  biographical 
sketch  and  specimen  of  Finlay's  poetry. 

Finlay,  John.  1.  Churchwardens,  Ac.  in  Ireland, 
Dubl.,  Svo.  2.  Landlord  and  Tenant  in  do.,  Svo.  3.  Law 
of  Tithe  in  do.,  Svo.  4.  Laws  of  Game,  (fee..  Svo.  5.  Law 
of  Renewals,  1822,  Svo.  6.  Digested  Index  to  all  the  Irish 
Rep.  Cases  in  Law  and  Equity,  1S30,  Svo. 

Finlayson,  Georg:e,  surgeon  and  naturalist  to  Mr 
Crawford's  Mission  to  Siam  and  Hue,  1821,  '22.  An  Ac 
count  of  the  Mission  from  the  Journal  of  the  late  G.  F.,  with 
a  Memoir  of  the  Author,  by  Sir  Thomas  Stamford  Raffles, 
Bart. 

"  We  are  satisfied  of  the  accuracy  with  which  he  has  recorded  the 
transactions  oft  his  abortive  mission." — Lon.  Quar.Rev.,\x\iu.lO-i- 
ISS.q.v.  for  an  interesting  account  of  this  unsuccessful  expedition, 

Finlayson,  James,  D.D..  the  colleague  of  Dr.  Blair. 
1.  Serms.,  by  Dr.  Blair,  with  his  Life.  2.  Serms.,  with 
Life  and  Character  of  the  Author,  Lon.,  1809,  Svo. 

"  In  originality  of  thought  and  cogency  of  reasoning,  we  think 
they  will  i<e  found  even  superior  to  those  of  Blair." — British  Critic 

Finlayson,  John.  Admonition  to  all  people,  1797, 
Svo. 

Finlayson,  John,  1780-1S26,  a  native  of  the  county 
of  Ayr,  an  eminent  agriculturist.  British  Farmer  and 
Ploughman's  Guide,  Glasg.,  1822,  Svo:  2d  ed.,  1829. 

"A  verv  useful  and  interesting  work." — Brit.  Birmer's  Chron, 
Fe}).  2J.  l'82o. 

*•  With  him  everv  thing  is  done  on  principle." — Brit.  Farmer't 
Ma(7.,M<n/,  1827. 

Mr.  F.  made  many  improvements  in  agricultural  imple- 
ments, &c.  See  an  interesting  notice  of  him  in  Donald- 
son's Agricult.  Biog. 

Finlayson,  Joseph  Andrews.     Serm. 

637 


FIN 

Finley,  Robert,  D.D.,  1-^2-1817,  a  native  of  Prince- 
toD,  N.  Jersey,  elected  President  of  the  University  of 
Georgia,  1817,  may  be  considered  as  the  father  of  the 
American  Colonization  Society.  He  pub.  several  serms. 
and  some  papers  on  Colonization  to  Africa. 

Finley,  Samuel,  D.D.,  171o-176(i,  a  native  of  Ar- 
magh, Irchmd,  emigrated  to  Phihidclphia  in  1734,  elected 
President  of  the  College  of  N.  Jersey  in  17G1.  He  pub. 
several  serms.  and  theolog.  treatises.  1741-57,  and  edited 
the  serms.  of  his  predecessor,  President  Davies. 

Finn,  Henry  J.,  1782-1840.  a  native  of  the  city  of 
^ew  Yorlj,  after  devoting  two  years  to  the  study  of  the 
law,  abandoned  Colie  and  Blackstoue  for  the  stage,  and 
made  his  first  appearance  at  the  H.iymarliot  Theatre.  Lon- 
don. In  1811  he  returned  to  Ameri'c.a,  and  obtained  great 
reputation  as  a  comic  actor.  He  perished  in  the  conflagra- 
tion of  the  steamboat  Lexington,  January  13,  1840.  "Ho 
pub.  a  Comic  Annual,  contributed  to  several  periodicals, 
wrote  a  drama  entitled  Montgomery,  or  the  Falls  of  Mont- 
morenci,  which  was  acted  and  pub.,"!ind  left  a  MS.  tragedy, 
specimens  of  which  appeared  in  the  A'ew  York  Mirror. 
The  bills  of  his  benefit  nights  were 

"  Usually  m.-nie  up  of  the  most  extr.Hoidin.iry  and  inconceivable 
puns,  for  %vhn'h  bis  own  naniL-  furnished  prolific  materials."— ii/e 
(1/  Fmn  hy  Epes  Sargent,  iii  Griswold's  Biographical  Annual,  New 
Jork,  1841,  12mo. 

Finn,  James,     1.  Sephardim;  or.  The  Hist,  of  the 

Jews  in  Spain  and  Portugal,  1841,  p.  8vo. 

"Of  all  the  hooks  about  the  Jews  (and  trulv  their  name  is  le'-ion) 
wnicli  the  modern  press  pours  out  on  the  world.  Sephardim  il  the 
most  learned,  the  most  accurate,  the  most  romantic,  .and  the  most 
instructive."— CTi.  nf  Eng.  (juar.  Jiev. 

2.  Hist,  of  the  Jews  in  China,  Lon.,  1843,  12mo 

FinncUy,  W.  1.  Elections  in  Eng.,  Scot.,  and  Ire., 
Lon.,  1830, 12mo.  2.Reform  Act,  Dubl.,  1832,  8vo.  3.  Re- 
ports: sec  Clark,  Ch.ihles. 

Finnerty,  Peter.  Burdetfs  Speeches,  1804.  His 
Case,  1811. 

Finney,  Charles  G.,  Prest.  of  Oherlin  Coll.,  Ohio, 
was  born  in  Litchtield  co.,  Conn.,  in  1792.  1.  Guide  to  the 
Saviour,  Oberlin,  16mo.  2.  Lectures  to  Professing  Chris- 
tians, 3d  ed..  Lon.,  1839,  12mo.  3.  Lectures  on  Revivals  of 
Religion,  13th  ed.,  with  Notes  and  Memoir,  1840,  Svo  In 
America,  six  editions  of  2000  copies  each  were  sold,  and 
the  sale  still  continues. 

"  Some  useful  thoughts."— Bickehsteth. 

4.  Serms.  on  Important  Subjects,  1839,  12mo.  5.  Skele- 
tons of  a  Course  of  Theolog.  Lectures,  1841,  Svo  6  Lee 
tares  on  Systematic  Theology.  New  ed.,  with  an  Introduc. 
by  the  Rev.  (reorge  Redford,  D.D.  New  ed.,  1851,  Svo 
Thl^'r'""""-^  deserving  the  attention  and  examination  of  British 
wfi?'?  ■  '  "■?■"  ••!,"''!?''l«  ""d  seasonable  contribution  to  Theo- 
logical Science."— Rev.  Geo.  Kedford.  D  D 

The  Lectures  to  Professing  Christians  on  Revivals  of 
Religion,  and  Serms.  on  Important  Subjects,  have  been 
pub.  together  in  London,  in  10  parts  Svo 
iC  i^V  ""'  J*!""*'""  in  ranking  the  Lectures  on  Reviv.ils.  and 
the  work  now  before  me.  entitled  Lectures  to  I'rofessing  Christians 
wTm^  Th  '"'  "Y^l'"?'  l"--"^  y™'---^  have  been  presented  o  the 
ft  1  .nHniiV?,  w'!,"'^""'"'  ""^  productions  of  a  man  full  of 
^lt;i  w"  ^u'  "'"''"•  "'■"^^  "■^ol"  ■™"1  appears  to  be  taken 
VJ  -,   S^  '"'  ""*  ""'^''  °f  ""S'™  "■"!  tbe  silVation  of  souls." 

—KEY.  J.   llARKER. 

A  review  by  Prof  Hodge  of  Mr.  F.'s  theological  views, 
will  be  found  in  the  Princeton  Biblical  Repository  for  June 
1847,  and  a  biographical  sketch  of  the  author  (Mr.  F.)  in 
Uartlett  s  Modern  Agitators.  N.  York,  1855,  12ma 
Finney,  John,  D.D.     Serm.,  1746,  4to. 
Fiott,  John.     East  India  Stock,  1791    'go  '93 
Firebrace,  John.     Serm.,  1767   Svo'       ' 
F""'/o 'iV'*'*'  lfil''-1697.  a  Nonconformist  divine,  a 
native  of  Suffolk,  emigrated  to  New  England  and  practised 
physic;  returned  and  became  minister  of  Stratford  Essex- 
ejected    1062      He  pub.  several  serms.  and  theolog.  trea- 
tises, 16_52-93,  the  best-known  of  which  is  The  Real  Chris- 
tian,  16/  0,  4to. 

Firmiu,  Thomas,  1632-1697,  a  native  of  Ip.swich, 
eminent  for  his  deeds  of  charity,  was  a  Socinian.  He  was 
an  intimate  friend  of  Archbishop  Tillotson,  .and  generallv 
esteemed.  Some  Proposals  for  the  Employing  the  Pool- 
especially  in  and  about  the  City  of  London:  and  for  the 
Prevention  of  Begging,  Lon.,  1678,  4to 

"The  author's  views  Were  sufficiently  benevolent,  but  not  very 
enlai-ged.  ■—D,m,ild.mn:t  AgricuU.  Bin/. 

Firtli,Wm.  A  Saint's  Monument;  aSerm.,  1662, 12mo. 

!■  irth,  Wm.  1.  Case  of  Lord  Thanet,  Lon.,  1799,  Svo. 
2  Letter  to  Bp.  Bathurst,  1813,  Svo.    3.  Recent  State  Trials, 

Fisgrave,  Anthony.  LL.D.  Midas ;  or  a  Serious  In- 
quiry into  Taste  and  Genius,  Lon.,  ISUS/Svo.  ''^"°"' ^° 


FIS 

Fish,  Henrj-,  of  Middleton.     Serm.,  1737,  Svo 

Fish,  Henry  Clay,  D,D.  b.l820,  in  Halifax,  Vermont, 
Pastor  of  the  First  Baptist  Church,  Newark,  N.J  1 
Primitive  Piety  Revived  :  a  Prize  Essay,  Boston,'  I'sao' 
12mo.  20.000  sold  in  two  years.  2.  History  and  Re- 
pository of  Pulpit-Eloquence,  N.Y.,  1850,  2  vols  Svo 

"  Kvery  minister  needs  these  volumes  as  illustrating  the  rules 
of  sacred  rhetunc  and  fiirnishing  rich  nntriment  to  his  mind  and 
heart." — Biblwtheca  Sacra. 

3.  Pulpit-Eloquence  of  the  XIX.  Century,  1S57,  Svo. 
4.  Select  Disc,  from  the  German  and  French,"  1S5S.  12mo. 

Fish,  Simon,  d.  about  1531,  a  native  of  Kent,  educated 
at  Oxford,  was  a  zealous  promoter  of  the  English  Reforma- 
tion. 1.  The  Supplicacyon  for  the  Beggars,  1526,  Svo. 
This  satire  upon  the  Popish  clergy  was  answered  by  Sir 
Thomas  More  in  his  Supplication  of  Souls  in  Purgatory. 

2.  The  Sum  of  the  Scriptures;  trans,  from  the  Dutch,  153o! 

3.  The  Boke  of  Merchants.     4.  The  Spiritual  Nosegay. 

"  And  thj-B  good  zele  liad  ye  wote  w-ell  Symon  Fishe  hadVhen 
lie  made  the  t-upplicacio'  of  beggers.  But  God  gaue  him  suche 
grace  afterwarde  yt  he  was  aory  for  that  good  zcale  and  repented 
Iiymsclfe,  and  came  into  the  church  agayne,  and  forsok  and  for- 
aware  all  the  whole  hill  of  these  heresyes,  ont  of  which  the  monn- 
t.-iin  of  that  same  good  zeale  epriige."— 5ir  Thomas  Mr.rr's  Works 
ed.  fol..  Lon.,  1657,  p.  8S1,  col.  1.  See  Athen.  Oxon.,  ed.  Bliss,  i  60 
tishacre,  or  Fizacre,  Richard,  d.  124S,  a  Domi- 
nican, studied  at  Oxford,  and  Leland  thinks,  also  at  Paris, 
with  Robert  Bacon.  Leland  gives  a  list  of  theolog.  trea- 
tises by  Fishacre. 
Fisher.  School  for  Ingratitude;  a  Com.,  1748,  Svo. 
Fisher's  Admirable  Hist,,  Illustrations  of  the  Bible, 
the  Waverley  Novels,  the  Drawing  Room,  and  Juvenile 
Scrap  Books,  &c.,  are  deservedly  admired  by  all  who  can 
appreciate  artistic  excellence. 

Fisher,  Admiral,  R.N.  1.  The  Petrel;  a  Tale  of  the 
Se.a,  Lon.,  1S50,  3  vols.  p.  Svo. 

2.  Ralph  Rutherford;  a  Nautical  Romance,  1S51,  3  vols 
p.  Svo. 

'•  Admiral  Fisher's  interesting  nautical  tale  of  Ralph  Rutherford 
IS  n  worlhy  memher  of  (he  -Marryat  class,  full  of  animated  scenes, 
serious  and  droll,  with  the  halo  of  a  love-story  thrown  around  it." 
—Uniled  Service  Giuette. 

Fisher,  A.     New  Grammar,  1753,  Svo.     Improved  by 
J.  Wilson,  1792,  Svo.      Enlarged  by  a  relative,  ISOl,  Svo. 
Fisher,  Alexander.     Journal'  of  a  Voyage  of  Dis- 
covery to  the  Arctic  Regions.  Lon..  1821,  Svo. 

Fisher,  Alexander  M.,  1794-1822.  Prof,  of  Mathe- 
mat,  in  Yale  rollegc,  a  native   of  Franklin,   JIass.,  was 
wrecked  on  the  coast  of  Ireland,  1822,  and  lost.     Papers 
on  Mathematics  and  Natural  Philos.  in  Silliman's  Journal. 
Fisher,  Ambrose.     Defence  of  the  Liturgy  of  the 
Ch.  of  England.  Lon.,  1630,  4to. 
Fisher,  Caroline  M.     See  SAwrEn. 
Fisher,  Daniel,  D.D.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1784,  Svo. 
Fisher,  Edward,  a  Calvinistic  divine,  educated  at 
Oxford.      1.  Appeal    to   thy  Conscience,   Oxf.,   1644,  4to. 
2.  Feast  of  Feasts,  1644,  4to.  Anon.     3.  The  Marrow  of 
Modern    Divinity,   1644,  Svo.      By  Rev.  J.  Hogg,  Edin., 
1720,  Svo.     With  Notes  by  Thos.  Boston,  1722-26.  2  vols. 
Svo.     The  republication  of  this  work  excited  a  warm  con- 
troversy in  the  Church  of  Scotland.     4.  A  Christian  Caveat 
to  the  Old  and  New  Sabbatarians,  1050,  '53,  4to.     Answered 
by  Dr.  Ceilings  and  Giles  Collier.     5.  Answer  to  16  Queries. 
Printed  with  the  Christian  Caveat,  1665. 

"He  became  a  noted  person  among  the  learned  for  his  great 
reading  in  ecclesiastical  history,  and  in  the  fathers,  and  li.r  his  ad- 
mirable skill  in  thcGreek  and  Hebrew  Langua-es."— J(/„,i.  Orr,,, 

Fisher,  George.    Educational  works,  Lon.,  1845,  <tc. 

Fisher,  Henry.     Discord;  an  Epic  Poem,  1794,  4to 

Fisher,  J.  15.  1.  Pathetic  Tales,  Poems,  Ac,  ISILS, 
12mo.  2.  Poetical  Rhapsodies,  1S18,  Svo.  3.  The  Her- 
mitage, a  Poem.  12mo. 

Fisher,  J.  F.     Early  Poets  of  Penn.sylv.ania. 

Fisher,  J.  T.,  Surgeon.     Asthma,  6tii  ed.,  1810. 

Fisher,  James.  The  Wise  Virgin;  or  a  Wonderful 
Narrative  concerning  Sarah  Hatfield,  Lon.,  1653,  12mo: 
1654,  '64. 

Fisher,  James.     Poems,  Essays,  Ac,  1790-1810 

Fisher,  James.  The  Assembly's  Shorter  Catechism 
E.xplained,  by  J.  F.,  Eb.  Ei-skine,  &c.,  17th  ed.,  1813, 12mo. 

lishcr,  Jasper,  D.D.  Fuimus  Trees,  jEneid.  2.  The 
True  Trojans,  Lon.,  1633, 4to.  Thisplay  is  in  Dodsley's  Coll. 

Fisher,  John,  1459-1535,  a  native  of  Beverley,  York- 
shire, was  educated  at  Michael  House,  now  Triiii"ty  Coll., 
Camb.,  of  which  he  became  Fellow,  Proctor,  and  Master! 
He  was  chaplain  and  confessor  to  Margaret,  Countess  of 
Richmond,  and  was  the  Margaret  Prof,  of  Divinity,  1502; 
Bishop  of  Rochester,  1504.  He  was  a  zealous  opponent 
ol  the  Reformation,  and  could  not  bo  persuaded  by  Henry 
\11L  to  approve  of  that  monarch's  divorce  from  Catherine 


ris 


FIS 


and  marriage  to  Anne  Bolcyn.  _^TI>e  kmg  had  a  sharp  jn--  '  ^^^P' j^.--  ;-,,,:,i;,;--H„-t,;VeTof  rh,  K.-t  m.u  in  the  iutervafbeinB 


'  expreF-i  the  "reat  sufloriogs  that  ho  had  endured  for  his  loyalty; 

,  =                 ,     ,      .V        1,  .•      .     "     1   .u-     1      ,„    1  but  his  iKilralile  Hntteries  of  the  Knat  mi-u  in  the  iuterval  being 

guraeut  always  ready  for  the  obstinate,  and  this  learncU  ^^t^^j^uJij, '|^^o„„.  he  could  ol.tain  imthini;  hut  what  his  wits  pro- 

andexeellcnt  man  was  murdered — i.e.  beheaded — by  kingly  |  cured,  lived  always  poor,  as  not  know  in;;  the  true  value  of  money, 

command,  June  22,  1535,  which  sad  act,  rightly  says  Bishop  :  and  void  of  a  prudential  loresight.  and  lunninf;  himself  much  in 

Burnet,  -  left  one  of  the  greatest  blots  upon  this  kingdom's  debt,  endured  several  years  imprisonment  m  the  Fleet,  and  he- 

,.          ..      Ti         1,                                  1. 1.      1        t,.f„i;=„a  '  came  the  object  of  charity.     He  had  a  very  Kood  command  of  the 

ceedmg.s.        He  pub.  some  serms   and  theolog.  treatises,  ,  J^Xn  p^n;  it  being,  as  'twere,  natural  to  him,  and  was  esteemed 


proc  ... 

a  list  of  which  will  be  found  in  the  Bibl.  Brit.,  and  see 
Lowndes's  Bibl.  Man.  A  collective  edit,  of  his  works  was 
pub.  at  Wurtiburg  in  1595,  fol.  The  early  edits,  of  his 
Treatise  cone,  the  Fruitful  Sayings  of  David,  1508,  '09, 
'25,  '29,  4to,  are  of  considerable  p8cuniar.y  value,  and  his 
serms.  on  the  Countess  of  Richmond  and  on  Henry  VII. 
were  sold  some  years  since  at  an  auction  in  London  for 
£9  9«.  each.  The  Life  of  Bishop  Fisher  was  pub.  by  Dr. 
Bailey  in  1655.  A  new  Life,  by  the  Rev.  John  Lewis, 
author  of  the  Life  of  Wickliffe,  Ac,  prepared  from  the  ori- 
ginal MS.  and  prefaced  by  an  Introduction,  by  T.  Hudson 
Turner,  may  he  shortly  expected.  ,Since  writing  the  above 
this  work  has  been  pub.,  Lon.,  IS55,  2  vols.  8vo,  uniformly 
printed  with  the  Clarendon  Press  eds.  of  the  author's  other  : 
biographical  works,  Strype's  Lives,  Ac.  Erasmus  gives  a 
noble  character  of  this  ornament  of  England: 

'■  Reverendus  Episcopus  Koffeusis,  vir  nou  solflm  mirabili  inte;xri-  [ 
tate  vitje,  verilm  etiam  alta  et  recondita  doctrina,  turn  morum 
quoque  inoredibiii  .imitate  commendatus  maximis  pariter  ac  mi- 
nimis. Aut  e;;re^'ie  fallor.  aut  is  vir  est  unus.  cum  quo  nemo  sit 
hac  tempestate  idiiferendus,  vel  iutegritate  vitae,  vel  eruditione, 
vet  animi  ma'.;nitudine." 

Fisher,  John,  an  English  Jesuit,  whose  true  name  was 
Peircy,  was  a  native  of  Yorkshire.  He  became  a  Jesuit  in 
1594,  and  was  living  in  1611.  1.  Treatise  of  Faith,  Lon., 
1600.  2.  Defence  of  do.,  1612.  .3.  Challenge  to  Protest- 
ants, 1612.  4.  Answer  to  some  points  of  Controvers.y.  His 
Conference  with  Laud  was  first  pub.  in  1624.  with  AV'hite's 
answer  to  Fisher's  reply  to  K.  James  I.  Laud's  Conierence 
with  Fisher,  6th  ed.,  will  be  found  in  the  new  ed.  of  Laud's 
works,  vol.  ii.,  Oxf.,  1S49.  For  other  controversial  tracts 
in  answer  to  Fisher,  see  Chalmers's  Biog.  Diet.,  and  sec 
Dodd's  Ch.  Hist. 
Fisher,  John.  Serms.,  172.1,  Svo. 
FisUer,  John,  Vicar  of  St.  Laurence.  15  Serms.  on 
Bevcral  Subjects,  1741,  Svo. 

Fisher,  John,  Vicar  of  St.  John's  in  Peterborough. 
On  Perjury;  a  Serm.,  Lon.,  17.^).'3,  4to. 

Fisher,  John.  The  Valley  of  Llanherne  (Cornwall) 
and  other  Pieces  of  Verse,  Istll,  12mo. 

Fisher,  John,  174S-1S25.  a  native  of  Hampton,  edu- 
cated at  Peterhouse,  Camb.,  Bishop  of  Salisbury,  1S07.  A 
Charge,  1805,  4to.     Serm.,  1806,  4to.     Serm.,  1807,  4to. 

Fisher,  Jonathan.  A  Picturesque  Tour  of  Killarney. 
With  20  Views,  Map.  ic,  Lon.,  1791,  foL 

Fisher,  Joseph.     Marriage;  a  Serm.,  1695,  4to. 
Fisher,  Rev.  Joseph.     1.  Remarks  rel.  to  Lindsey's 
Scrip.  Confutation,  1775,  Svo.     Priestley's  Philos.  Necess., 
1779,  12mo. 

Fisher,  Joseph, M.D.  Practice  of  Medicine  made  Easy, 

Lon.,  1785,  Svo.  CoalAVorks;  Trans.  R.  Irish  Acad.,  v.  266. 

Fisher,  Miss  Kitty.     1.  The  Juvenile  Adventures 

of,  Lon.,  1759,  2  vols.  12mo.     2.  Her  Miscellany,  with  a 

Dramatic  Serm.  by  two  Methodist  Preachers,  1760,  Svo. 

Fisher,  Myles,  d.  1819,  aged  71,  a  lawyer  of  Phila- 
delphia, a  member  of  the  Society  of  Friends,  pub.  an 
answer  to  Paine's  Age  of  Reason, 

" He  was  a  man  of  science,  and  an  eloquent  orator." — AJhn's 
Amer.  Biorj.  Diet. 

Fisher,  Xathaniel,  1742-1S12,  Episcopal  minister 
at  Salem.  Mass..  1781-1812,  was  a  native  of  Dedham, 
Mass.     .Serms.,  ISIS,  Svo. 

Fisher,  Payne,  or,  as  he  styled  himself  in  his  Latin 
pieces,  Paganus  Piseator,  1616-93,  a  native  of  Dorsetshire, 
was  educated  at  Hart  Hall,  Oxf.,  and  Magdalen  Coll, 
Carab.  He  served  in  the  army  in  the  Netherlands,  and 
subsequently  in  Ireland  and  England,  where  he  was  ad- 
vanced to  the  rank  of  Major.  In  1044  he  served  at  the 
siege  of  York,  and  was  present  at  the  battle  of  Marston 
Moor,  which  he  "  celebrated  in  his  first  published  i>oem," 
1650,  4to.  He  subsequently  joined  the  Parliamentarians, 
and  became  poet-laureate  to  Cromwell.  Wood  gives  a  long 
list  of  his  pieces,  and,  of  course,  speaks  of  him  with  undis- 
guised contempt: 

"  Beiufi  destitute  of  means  and  money,  he  retired  in  private  to 
London,  lived  there  by  his  wits,  favoured  by  his  pen  the  successful 
retjellion,  and,  as  a  true  time  server,  (incident  to  most  poets.l  iogi-.v 
tiated  himself  so  much  with  the  preat  men  then  in  power,  that  he 
did  homsijie  to.  and  became  at  length  poet-Iaureat  (or.  as  he  himself 
used  to  sav,  scribbler)  to  Oliver,  the  protector  of  Kngland,  a  pre- 
tended lover  of  musicians  and  poets;  but  the  niggardliness  and 
■    ■       "  *    1  .act 


„. pen;  .-    ^, 

by  many  judicious  persons  an  excellent  Latin  poet,  as  many  things 
of  that  faculty,  which  he  wrote  purposely  to  flatter  groat  persons 
to  obtain  rewards,  shew." — Athm.  Oxon. 

A  collection  of  his  poems  was  pub.  in  1663,  Svo.  His 
Book  of  Heraldry  was  pub.  in  16S2,  and  an  account  of 
The  Tombs,  Monuments,  ic.  in  St.  Paul's  and  St.  Faith's, 
in  1684,  4to. 
Fisher,  Peter.  Monies  raised  in  Suffolk,  1648. 
Fisher,  Philip,  D.D.,  Master  of  Charterhouse.  Serm. 
on  Eccles.  ii.  1,  Lon.,  1811,  4to. 

Fisher,  R.  T.  Act  rel.  to  Wills,  Lon.,  1837,  12mo. 
Fisher,  Richard  Barnard.  1.  Copyhold  Tenure, 
Lon.,  1794,  Svo;  2d  ed.,  1S03.  2.  Sketch  of  Lisbon, 
ISll.  12uio.  3.  Importance  of  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope,  1S14. 
Fisher,  Robert.  Serm.,  Prov.  xxiii.  23.  Tractari- 
anism  opposed  to  Truth,  the  Safety  of  the  Ch.,  Ac,  Lon., 
1843,  Svo. 

Fisher,  Roger.  Heart  of  Oak  the  British  Bulw.ark, 
Lon.,  171)3,  4to.  Advocates  the  propagation  of  Oak  Tim- 
ber, Ac.     See  Evelyn,  John;  title  Sijh'a. 

Fisher,  Samnel,  a  Quaker.  The  Testimony  of  Truth 
Exalted;  consisting  of  several  Treatises,  Lon.,  1679,  fol. 

Fisher,  Thomas.  Warlike  Directions;  or,  the  Sol- 
dier's Practice,  Lou.,  1643,  4to. 

Fisher,  Thomas.  1.  Bedlordshire  Antiquities,  1836, 
sm.  fol.  £S  S».,  and  r.  fol.  £10  10».  Nos.  1,  2,  3,  h,ad  been 
pub.  in  1812,  '13,  r.  4to.  The  subjects  are  for  the  most 
part  inedited,  and  consist  of  Churches,  Priories,  Castles, 
Old  Houses,  Door  Ways,  Monuments,  Brasses,  Tombs, 
Fonts,  Crosses,  Ancient  Sculpture,  and  Miscellaneous  Anti- 
quities. An  Index  is  prefixed,  with  paginal  references  to 
Lyson's  History  of  the  County. 

2.  Warwickshire  Antiquities.  (First  part,  1S07-09,  foL, 
3  pts.  not  completed;  33  plates.)  Edited  by  John  Gough 
Nichols,  1836,  r.  foh  £10  10s. 

'•The  ancient  fresco  paintings  are  especiiiUy  curious,  as  having 
been  executed  in  England  in  an  age  of  which,  according  to  the 
opinion  of  Walpole  in  his  History  of  fainting,  no  specimens  of  the 
Art  existed.  Only  120  copies  were  printed,  and  that  number  can- 
not now  he  increased  without  an  enormous  expense,  as  many  of 
the  plates  have  been  destroyed." — Lon.  Gent.  Mag. 

Fisher,  Thomas.     Dial  of  the  Seasons,  Phila.,  Svo. 

Fisher,  \\m.     Serm.,  Lon.,  15S0,  4to;  do.  1592,  Svo. 

Fisher,  Wni.     Serm..  1716,  Svo. 

Fishlake,  J.  R.  1.  Greek  Grammar,  Lon.,  Svo.  2. 
Cat.  of  Irreg.  Greek  Verbs,  2d  ed.,  1844,  Svo. 

"  Hut  tman's  Catalogue  con tainsall  those  prominent  irregularities 
so  fully  and  fundamentally  investigated,  that  1  was  convinced  a 
translation  of  them  would  piove  a  valuable  assistant  to  every 
lover  and  student  of  Greek  literature."— /'rc/ace. 

3.  Lexilogus:  Greek  Words  and  Passages  in  Homer, 
Hesiod,  Ac,  3d  ed.,  1S46,  Svo. 

'•.\  most  able  disquisition.  It  contains  a  deeper  and  more  criti- 
cal knowledge  of  Oieek,  more  extensive  research,  and  more  sound 
judgment,  than  we  ever  remember  to  have  seen  in  any  one  work 
before."— Z.OH.  QuarlfHi/  R.-view. 

4.  Larger  Greek  Grammar,  3d  ed.,  by  Supf,  1S48,  Svo. 
Fisk,  Prof.    Educational  works,  pub.  in  Boston,  Mass. 

I      Fisk,  George.     An  Analysis  of  Coke  upon  Littleton, 
'  in  a  Scries  of  Questions  to  be  answd.  by  the  Student,  Lon., 
1824,  Svo. 

'•This  work  cannot  fail  to  be  inestimable  to  the  student  desirous 
of  a  thorough  knowledge  of  the  first  Institute."- i/o/Zmaifs  Leg. 
St,(..  2:;0. 

Fisk,  Pliny,  1792-1S25,  a  native  of  Massachusetts,  a 
distinguished  missionary  in  the  East,  who  died  of  a  fever 
at  Beyroot,  prepared  an  English  and  Arabic  Dictionary, 
and  pub.  several  papers  in  the  Missionary  Herald.  See 
Alvin  Bond's  Life  of  Pliny  Fisk.  182S,  12mo. 

Fisk,  Wilbur,  D.D.,  d.  1S39,  aged  46.  first  President 
of  the  Weslevan  University,  Middletown,  Conn.,  an  emi- 
nent Method'ist  divine,  pub.  several  theolog.  and  educa- 
tional works,  and  a  vol.  of  Travels  in  Europe,  which  has 
had  a  wide  circul.ation,  and  been  greatly  admired.  See 
Life  of  Dr.  Fisk  by  Prof.  Iloldich,  N.  York,  1842,  Svo, 

Fiske,  Mrs.     Records  of  Fashion,  4to,  in  Nos, 

Fiske,  John,  1601-1677,  first  minister  of  Wenham 
and  Chelmsford,  Mass.  The  Olive  Branch  Watered;  a 
Catechism. 

Fiske,  Jonathan.  1.  His  Case,  Lon.,  1781,  Svo. 
2.  Life  and  Transactions  of  .Marq.  Nicolson,  1786,  Svo. 

Fiske,  Nathan  W.,  Prof,  of  Amherst  Coll.,  d.  1S47, 
in    Palestine.     1.  Manual  of  Classical   Literature,  based 


incompetency  of  his  reward  shewed  that  he  was  a  personatei 

of  greatness,  and  that  private  Cromwell  did  govern  prince  Oliver.  ,  ,       .,  ,       r    t    t    t^     i       i  -.i    i 

After  his  majesty's  restoration  he  turned  about,  endeuvomod  to  .  upon  the  German  work  of  J.  J.  Eschenburg,  with  large 


FIS 

addits.  and  a  sup.  vol.  of  platea,  Phila.,  1836;  4th  edit., 
J843.  The  first  three  parts  were  pub.  separ.itcly,  under 
the  title  of  Classical  Anticjiutics,  8vo.  2.  Young  Peter's 
Tour  around  the  World,  N.  York,  16mo.  3.  Slory  of 
Aleck;  or,  The  Hist,  of  Pitcairn's  Island,  Boston,  18mo. 

"His  talunis  were,  undoubtedly,  of  a  hi','hl.v  respectJililo  order 
his  modesty  remarkable,  while  the  bijrh-t.med  principles  of  honour 
which  Koverned  his  actions,  and  the  meekness,  humility,  and 
other  Cliristian  virtues  which  adorned  his  character,  were  such  as 
to  endear  bim  to  those  who  were  actiuaiuted  with  him." — Edwakd 
C.  Bll.DLE,  of  Phila. 


FIT 


Fiske,  Nathan,  D.D.,  1733-1799,  minister  of  Brook- 
field,  Mass.     Scrms.,  ic,  1775-1.501. 

Fiske,  Oliver,  d.  1S37,  aged  74.  Medical  Essays; 
Miscellaneous  papers. 

Fissen,  Major  J.  P.     The  Warning:  on  War,  1806. 

Fistoil,  Will,     (i.riuaine  Empire,  1695,  4to. 

Fitch,  Rt'v.  Elijah,   1745-17SS,   educated  at  Yale 

Coll.,  was  settled  at  llopkinton,  iMass.,  where  he  died  in 

the  17th  year  of  bis  ministry.     Poems:  The  Beauties  of 

Religion;  The  Choice;  Providence,  1789. 

Fitch,  J.     Receipts  for  making  Wines,  Lon.,  1815. 
Fitch,  Jabez,  1672-1746,  minister  of  Portsmouth, 
N.  Hampshire.     .Serms.,  1727-36.     He  made  Collections 
rel.  to  X.  H.,  to  which  Dr.  Bclkn.ap  had  access. 

Fitch,  John,  1743-1798.  a  native  of  Windsor,  Con- 
necticut, gained  more  celebrity  than  profit  by  his  applica- 
tion of  "steam  power  to  water  craft."  His  first  experi- 
ment with  a  steamboat  (the  Perseverance)  on  the  Delaware 
Kiverwas  made  May  1,  1787.  See  a  description  of  it  Ijy  Dr. 
Thornton,  (Eminent  .Mechanics,  p.  32.)  .and  a  Life  of  Fitch 
hy  Charles  Whittlesey,  in  Sparks's  Amer.  Biog.,  Second 
Series,  vi.  81.  1.  The  Original  Steamboat  supported,  Ac, 
Phila.,  1788,  8to.  This  is  against  Rumsey's  claim  to  pri- 
ority, as  asserted  in  his  pamphlet.  Joshua  Barnes  pub. 
an  answer  to  Fitch,  espousing  Rumsey's  claim,  in  the  same 
year,  8vo.  2.  An  E.i£plan.  for  keeping  a  Shi[>'s  Traverse 
at  Sea  by  the  Columbian  Ready  Reckoner,  Lon.,  1793. 

"The  diagrams  and  explanations  contained  in  this  book  of 
twenty  pages  show  a  high  mathematical  talent,  and  a  |>ift  of  .sim- 
plification and  order  truly  remarkable  in  a  self  tau"ht  mind  ''— 
W/nUleaei/s  Bioff.,  itln  supra. 

In  1858  was  pub.  Life  of  John  Fitch,  the  Inventor  of  the 
Steambo.at,  by  Thompson  Westcott,  Phila.,  12mo,  pp  415 
"The  hook  will  weU  reward  perusal;  for  many  of  his  persona! 
adventures  are  stranger  than  most  Action,  while  the  detiiils  with 
reference  to  the  early  history  of  steam-navig.ation  are  ciiious  and 
bear  all  the  marks  of  dihgeut  and  thorough  research."— Iv.  Amer 
Jiev.,  .July.  1S5S,  o,s3_ 

Fittlcr,  James.     Scotia  Dcpicta.  Lon.,  1804,  4to 
Fitton,  \Vm.,  M.D.    Con.  to  Trans.  Geol.  Soc,  1811. 
Fitz,  Asa.     Schi.id-Books,  pub.  iu  Boston. 
Fitz-Albion.     His  Letters  to  the  Rt.  Hon.  Wm.  Pitt 
and  the  Rt.  Hon.  H.  Addington,  Lon..  1804   Svo 
Fitz-Urian,  B.     The  (iood  Old  Cause,  1657.  4to. 
Fitzclarence,  Jut.-Col.,  Earl  of  Mimster.  Jour- 
nal oi  a  Route  across  In.lia.  through  Egypt,  to  England,  in 
1S17,    18,  4to;  1819,  4to.    Bought  up  hy  the  noble  author. 
"A  lively  and  interesting  narrative."— ton.  Quar.  Hn 
"Full  of  various  intrfligence."— Lon.  Lit.  Gaz. 
Fitzcotton,  Henry.     New  and  acciir.ate  trans,  of 
the  First  Book  of  Homer's  Iliad.  Dubl.,  Lon.    174M    hvo 
,  .^I"^"<^^«"''>''   Of   Fitz-Geoflry,    Charles,'  1575- 
Ib36.  a  native  of  Cornwall,  educated  at  Broad^atcs  Hall 
0.xf ,  became  Rector  of  St.  Dominick,  in  his  own  county' 
1.  The  Life  and  Death  of  Sir  Francis  Drake ;  a  Poem   Oxf 
1596,  12mo.     2.  Affania!  sive  Epigrammata,  Lib.  III.,  ami 
Ccnotaphi.a,  Lib.  L,  1601,  Svo.     He  appears,  also,  to  have 
been   the   author  of  a  prose   tract,  entitled,  A  Curse  for 
Corne-hordcrs,  1631,  4to,  and  a  religious  poem  called  The 
Blessed  Birth-day,  1634,  '36,  4to;  1654,  sm.  Svo.     He  also 
pub.  some  serms.,  and  wrote  commendatory  lines  to  several 
publications.     Wood  erroneously  ascribes  to  hiin  the  col- 
lection of  poetry  entitled,  Choyeest  Flowers,  Ac,  known 
as  England's  Parnassus,  which  belongs  to  Allot;  but,  as 
Dr.  Bliss  suggests,  Fitz-Gefl^ry  may  have  assisted  the  for- 
mer.    Fitz-Gefifry  was  highly  esteemed  by  his  contempo- 
raries.    In  the  following  linos  we  have  both  his  mental 
and  physical  portrait: 

*■  Blind  Poet  Ilumer  you  doe  equalize, 
Thouj-h  he  sjiw  moie  with  none,  then  with  most  eyes. 
Our  Oeoffry  Chaucer,  who  wrote  quaintly  neat. 
In  verse  you  match,  equal!  him  in  conce'it : 
Featur'd  you  are  like  Homer  in  one  eve. 
Rightly  surnam'd  the  Sonne  of  tieotTery." 
,1  -c-i        H.iyma7i-x  Qurdmcts.     See  Bliss's  Wood's  Athen.  Oxon 
*it7,geffrey  obtained  the  applauses  of  many  contemporaries  for 
tliK  reliKious  strains,  and  not  without  deservine  them,  since  he 
seems  to  have  performed  better  than  most  others  what  human 
mtellect  can  never  adequately  accomplish."— See  Athen.  Oxon  ; 
JJibUrra  her     "^      '^'"^"''"°  roetarum;  Censura  Liteiaria;  Brit. 
6UU 


Satyres    and    Epigrams, 


Fitz-Gcffrey,    Henry. 

1617,  '20. 

Fitzgerald,  tord.  His  Letter  discovering  a  Plot 
to  Kill  ProtestJinls  in  Ireland,  Lon.,  1647,  4to. 

Fitzgerald,  Edward.     The  Regent's  Feat;  a  Poem, 

ISI  ] ,  4t<). 

Fitzgerald,  George  Robert.  1.  Appeal  to  The 
Jockey  Club,  Lon.,  1775,  Svo.  2.  Reply  to  T.  Walker, 
1775,  Svo.  3.  Appeals,  Ac.  4.  Doctrine  of  Indict,  at  Com- 
mon Law,  Ac,  Dubl.,  1782,  Svo.  5.  The  Riddle,  Lon.. 
1787,  4to.  ' 

Fitzgerald,  Gerald,  D.D.,  Hebrew  Prof,  in  Dublin 
University.     1.  The  Academic  Sportsman  ;  a  Poem,  Dubl 
4to;   Lon.,  1773.     2.  Origin.ality  and  Permanence  of  the 
Biblical  Hebrew,  Dubl.,  1796,  Svo. 

"  The  object  of  Dr.  I'itzgerald.  in  this  volume,  is  to  prove  the  di- 
vine origin  of  the  Hebrew  language,  and  that  its  letters  hare  un- 
dergone no  change.  .  .  .  Thereareconsiderablelearningandacute- 
ness  discovered  in  this  tract;  but  several  of  its  positions  wUl  not 
be  assented  to  by  scholars."— Orm*'.?  BM.  Bib. 

3.  Poems,  Svo.     4.  A  Hebrew  Grammar  for  the  use  of 
the  Students  of  the  Univ.  of  Dublin,  1799,  Svo. 
■    "i'^  ^v',"'  '^''^'  *'"'  useful  introduction  to  the  Hebrew  tongue, 
in  hnglish.  for  the  use  of  students  in  our  Universities,  and  par- 
ticularly in  the  University  of  Dublin."— ion.  Mmllihi  Ilev. 

"The  author  has  pursued  an  intei-mediate  method  between 
adopting  all  the  Masoretic  rites  and  rejecting  them  all  to.^etber,  - 
VIZ..  by  retaining  the  vowel  points,  and  such  of  the  a.-cents  as  are 
most  distinguishable  and  useful,  and  omitting  all  the  other  ac- 
cents, (the  number  of  which  is  considerable,)  which  he  deems 
wholly  unnecessary  in  the  present  state  of  the  Hebrew  tongue  "— 
Homes  Bibl.  Bib.  ^ 

Fitzgerald,  James.     Poetical  Pastimes,  1811,  Svo 

Fitzgerald,  John.  Tracts  on  the  Popish  Plot,' 
16S1,  fol. 

Fitzgerald,  Keane.  Letter  to  the  Directors  E.  I. 
Comjiany,  Lon.,  1777,  Svo.  Steam  Engine,  Ac,  Phil 
Trans.,  1757-S2.  ,      "". 

Fitzgerald,  Kev.  P.  The  Hist.,  Topog.,  and  Antiq. 
of  Limerick,  Ac,  hy  the  Rev.  P.  F.  and  I.  I.  McGregor. 
Dubl.,  1826,  '27,  2  vols.  Svo. 

Fitzgerald,  Preston.  The  Spaniard  and  Siorlamb, 
and  other  Poems,  1810,  Svo.  Spain  Delivered,  and  other 
Poems,  1813.  Svo. 

Fitzgerald,   Samuel,  M.D.      Con.  to  Med.  Com., 

Fitzgerald,  Rev.  Wm.  Theolog.  and  other  works, 
1S39-51. 

Fitzgerald,  Wm.  Thomas.  Prologues  and  Epi- 
logues, 17113.     Other  poetical  pieces.  1793-1S14. 

Fitz-Gibbon,  John,  Earl  of  Clare.     See  Clare 

Fitzgibbons,  John.  Cases  in  K.  B.,  C.  P.,  Ex  and 
Ch.,  1728-33,  Lon.,  1732,  fol. 

"It  isof  no  authority. "—Lord  UARDvacKE. 

"  The  cases  in  this  Ixiok  are  very  incorrectly  reported."— Can;? 

The  learned  Judge  excepted  certain  cases  from  these 
censures  :  see  Wallace's  Reporters ;  Marvin's  Leg.  Bibl. 

Fitzhcury,  James.  Observ.  on  passages  from  jf. 
Barclti's  Jimr.  from  London  to  Genoa,  Lon.,  1770,  Svo 

Fitzherbert,  Mir  Anthony,  d.  153S,  an  eminent 
lawyer,  a  native  of  Norbury,  Devonshire,  was  educated  at 
O.xford;  Justice  of  the  Court  of  C.  Pleas,  1523.  1.  Le 
Graunde  Abridgement,  Lon.,  1514,  '16.  '65,  '77,  fol.  This 
valu.able  work  contains  a  digest  of  all  the  cases  in  the  Year 
Books  down  to  the  21  Hen.  VII.,  "painfully  and  elabo- 
rately collected,"  and  Ca.ses  from  the  reigns  of  Rich.  IL, 
Edw.  I.  .and  II.,  Hen.  III.,  and  m.aiiy  readings  and  origi- 
nal authorities.  It  is  most  probable  that  Statham's  Abridge- 
ment was  pub.  before  Fitzherbert's. 

"The  character  of  the  Abiidgements  of  Fitzherbert  and  Brooke 
[see  liiioOKE.  Sm  KocERT,  in  this  Dictionary]  m.ay  be  summed  up 
in  a  tew  words.  They  are  mere  indexes,  under  general  heads  of 
the  principal  adjudged  cases  up  to  their  own  times,  in  which  the 
points  are  accurately  stated,  but  without  any  attention  to  order 
or  any  attempt  at  classiflcation.  As  repositories  of  the  old  law' 
they  now  niaintain  a  very  considerable  value,  and  may  be  con- 
sulted with  advantage.  Whoever  examines  them  (for  a  thorough 
prus:il  of  them  will  be  a  mere  waste  of  time)  will  probably  fjel 
inclined,  when  he  can.  to  ascend  to  the  original  sources;  hut  if 
the.se  shoud  not  be  within  his  reach,  he  may  rely  with  confidence 
that  these  learned  judges  have  not  indulged  themselves  in  a  care- 
less transcription  or  a  loose  statement  of  the  law.  In  our  own 
practice  we  have  frequently  found  them  the  safest  guides  to  the 
old  law.  and  particularly  to  the  contents  of  the  Year  Books"— 
JtiME  Stoev:  a-.  Amer.  Ifev..  art.  Dane's  Abrittfft.  ofAmir  Law 

See  also  Marvin's  Leg.  Bibl.,  and  authorities  there  re- 
ferrcd  to.  In  Fulbeck's  Preparative  will  be  found  a  com- 
parison drawn  between  the  Abridgements  of  Brooke  and 
Fitzherbert.  2.  L'Oflice  et  Auctoritie  de  Justices  de  Peace 
Written  in  French  in  1514,  trans,  into  English  in  1538- 
enlarged  by  Richard  Crompton,  15S7,  4to.  See  Cnoiip- 
TON,  Richard.     Many  eds.  before  and   since  this  date 


FIT 

Kew  ed..  1704.  2  vols.  r.  Svo.     The  pHs.  Itctwccn  1653  and 
17IS  vary  but  little.     'A.  The  Buke  of  Husbandiie,  1523,  4to.  [ 
Many  eds.     This  is  the  first  work  in  the  Enj^lish  language  ■ 
entirely  devoted  to  agriculture.     4.  The  IJokc  of  Survey-  | 
ing  and  Improueincts,  152;^,  4t()  ;  several  eds.     Respecting 
these  works,  see  Donaldson's  Agricult.  Biog.     5.  La  Novel  | 
Natura  Brevlum,  1534,  Svo.     Between  this  and  the  New  , 
Natura    Brcvium,   9th    ed.,  so   called,   with   a  Comment,  j 
ascribed  to  Sir  Matthew  Hale,  twenty  imprints  appeared.  ! 
For   particulars  of  eds.,  tfec.  of   this   and   Sir  Anthony's  ' 
other  works,  see  Marvin's  Leg,  Bibl. ;  Bibl.  Brit.;  Lown- 
des's Bibl.  Man. 

'•The  Natura  Brevium  is  esteemed  an  exact  work,  excellently 
well  pt-nn'd.  and  hath  been  much  admired  by  the  noted  men  in 
the  common  law." — Ath^ir.  Oxon. 

'■  An  exact  work.  exqui>itfly  penned." — Lord  Coke. 

*' He  is  observed  in  this  book  never  to  cite  any  authority  but 
where  the  case  is  rare  and  doubtful;  following  herein  the  ^'reat 
example  of  Sir  Tho.  Littleton  in  bis  Cimous  Treatise  on  Tenures. 
It  was  carefully  reviewed  and  corrected  by  W.  iJastal,  who  added 
a  table  and  some  pi'oper  ornaments  to  what  its  excellent  author 
seems  to  have  left  unfini.'Jhed." — Blshoj)  Nicvlso7i*s  Eng.  Hist. 
Lib.,  191). 

The  Boke  of  Husbandrie  has  been  ascribed  to  another 
Anthony  Fitzherbert,  and  also  to  John  Fitzherbert,  Sir 
Anthony's  brother,  but  we  think  in  both  cases  without 
sufficient  reason.  See  Biog.  Brit.;  Athen.  Oxon.j  Shaw'a 
Staffordshire ;  Eridgman's  Leg.  Bibl. 

Fitzherhert,  E,  H.     See  Falconer,  Thowas. 

Fitzherbert,  Nicholas,  15oti?-lfil2,  grandson  of  the 
preceding,  educated  at  Exeter  Coll.,  Oxf.,  was  a  zealous  ! 
Roman  Catholic,  and  became  secretary  to  Cardinal  Alan.  I 
1.  Casae  Galatiei  de  Bonis  Moribus.  liume,  1595.  A  trans,  j 
from  the  Italian.  2.  Oxoniensis  in  AngUa  Academias  De-  I 
scriptio,  1602.  Svo.  3.  De  Antiquitate  et  Continuatione  I 
Catholica?  Religionis  in  Anglia,  16U8,  '38,  Svo.  4.  Vitte  , 
Cardinalis  Alani  Epitome,  160S.  i 

"Accounted  eminent  for  his  knowledge  in  both  the  laws  and  in 
human  literature." — Athem.  Oimi. 

Fitzherbert,  Thomas,  1552-1640,  cousin  of  the  pre- 
ceding, and  also  a  zealous  Roman  Catholic,  was  educated 
at  Oxford.  In  1614  he  became  a  Jesuit  at  Rome,  and  was 
Rector  of  the  English  College  in  that  city  for  23  years. 
He  pub.  a  Treatise  concerning  Policy  and  Religion,  Doway, 
1606-10,  4to,  and  several  tracts  in  defence  of  his  Church, 
for  a  list  of  which  see  Athen.  Oxon. 

Fitzherbert,  Sir  Wm.,  174S-1791.  of  the  same 
family  as  the  preceding,  was  educated  at  St.  John's  Coll., 
Camb.  1.  On  the  Knights  Made  in  1778.  Ascribed  to 
him.     2.  Revenue-Laws.     3.  Maxims. 

Fitzhugh,  George.  Sociology  for  the  South;  or, 
The  Failure  of  Free  Suciety,  Richmond,  1S55,  12mo. 

Fitzhiigh,  Wm.  Henry,  1792-1  S.-^O,  V.  Pres.of  Amer. 
Colonization  Society.  1.  Essays  :  Ojiinions  in  favour  of  the 
Amer.  C<d.  Soc,  pub.  in  Richmond  Inquirer,  1826.  2. 
Speech  at  9rh  Anniversary  Amer.  Col.  Soc.  3.  Review  of 
Tazewell's  Report  in  Afric.  Repos.,  1828. 

Fitz-James,  James,  Duke  of  Berwick.  See  Ber- 
wick. 

Fitz-James,  Oswald.  The  Wandsworth  Epistle. 
In  Metre,  Lnn.,  1762,  4to. 

Fitz- John,  Matilda.     Joan!!!  a  Nov..  1796.  4  vols. 

Fitzosborne,  Sir  Thomas,  i.  e.  31elmoth,  Wm., 
q.  V. 

Fitzpatrick,  H.  Penal  Laws  affecting  R.  Catholics  ; 
pub.  by  order  of  the  Catholic  Committee,  Dubl.,  1812,  Svo. 

Fitzpatrick,  Sir  Jeremiah.     Slave  Trade,  1797. 

Fitzpatrick,  John,  M.D.     Con.  to  Med.  Com.,  1784. 

Fitzpatrick,  K.  W,    Railway  Rights,  Lon.,  18-16,  8vo. 

Fitzsimon,  Henry,  1569-1644.  a  native  of  Dublin, 
educated  at  Oxford,  was  a  zealous  Jesuit.  He  wrote  a  Jus- 
tification of  the  Mass,  1611,  4to.  a  Cat.  of  the  Irish  Saints, 
1621,  Svo,  and  some  other  theolog.  treatises,  in  defence  of 
his  faith.     See  Athen.  Oxon. 

"  The  most  noted  Jesuit  of  his  time." — JThi  supra. 

Fitzsmith,  Richard.     Ephemeris  for  1654,  12mo. 

Fitzroy,  Capt.  Robert.     See  Darwix.  Charles. 

Fitzstephen,  Wm.,  d.  about  1191,  an  English  histo- 
rian, was  a  monk  of  Canterbury,  and  a  devoted  adherent 
of  Archbishop  Becket,  whose  Life  he  compiled  in  Latin 
under  the  title  of  The  Life  and  Passion  of  Archbishop 
Becket,  written,  according  to  Dr.  Pegge,  between  1170  and 
1 182.  To  this  work  is  prefixed  a  description  of  the  city  of 
London,  the  earliest  we  have  after  Domet^day  Book,  a  trans. 
of  which  was  pub.  by  Stowe  in  his  Survey  of  London. 
This  edition  being  obsolete,  and,  indeed,  incorrect,  Dr. 
Pegge  pub.  in  1772,  4fo,  an  edit,  with  the  Latin  and  Eng- 
lish, a  Commentary,  a  Dissert,  on  the  Author,  and  various 
Readings  and  Annotations. 


FLA 

"  We  rrav  i-hnllonfre  any  nation  inEumpe  to  produce  an  accnunt 
of  its  capital,  or  any  account  of  it.s  preat  cities,  at  so  remote  a  pe- 
riod as  the  twelfth  century." — Dr.  Pkoije. 

Fitzwaters,  Col.     Petition  to  II.  Cora.,  1642,  4to. 

Fitzwilliam,  Charles  William,  Earl,  in  conjunc- 
tion with  Sir  Richard  Buurke,  edited  the  Correspondence 
of  Edmund  Burke,  1774-97,  Lon.,  1844,  4  vols.  Svo. 
Reprinted  in  the  new  ed.  of  Burke's  Works  and  Corresp., 
1852,  8  vols.  Svo. 

Fitzwilliam,  G.  W.  The  Pleasures  of  Love,  from 
the  Asiatic  and  European  Languages,  1806;  2d  ed.,  im- 
proved. 

'•  His  orijrinal  poems  are  few  in  number,  but  they  display  both 
taste  and  penius." — Anti-Jacnhin  Rn\.  1806. 

F'itzwilliam,  John,  D.D..  Canon  of  "Windsor.  Serm., 
Lon..  ICS."^,  4to.      Do.,  1686.  ]2mo. 

Fitzwilliam,  William  Wentworth,  Earl,  1748- 
18:i;J,  Lord-Lieutenant  of  Ireland,  1794-95.  Two  Letters 
to  the  Earl  of  Carlisle,  explaining  the  Causes  of  his  Recall 
from  Ireland,  1795,  8vo. 

Fizerburtus,  Nic.     See  Fitzherbert. 

Fizes,  M.     Suppuration,  Lon.,  1759,  Svo. 

Flagg,  Edmund,  born  in  Wicasset,  Maine,  in  1815; 
graduated  at  Bowdoin  Coll.,  18.S5;  admitted  to  the  i>ar, 
18;i7;  edited  the  St.  Louis  Daily  Commercial  Bulletin,  1S3S; 
associate  editor  with  George  D.  Prentice  of  the  Louisville 
Literary  News-Letter,  1838-39;  practised  law  in  Vieks- 
burg,  Miss.,  with  the  Hon.  Sargent  S.  Prentiss,  1840,  Ac. ; 
conductor  of  the  Gazette,  pub.  at  Marietta,  Ohio,  1842; 
conducted  the  St.  Louis  Evening  Gazette,  1844-45  ;  subse- 
quently Reporter  of  the  Courts  of  St.  Louis  county ;  secre- 
tary to  the  Hon.  Edward  A.  Haunegan,  American  Minister 
to  Berlin,  1848;  subsequently  practised  law  at  St.  Louis; 
U.  States  Consul  for  the  Port  of  Venice,  1850;  subsequently 
conductor  of  a  democratic  newspaper  at  St.  Louis. 

In  1836  Mr.  Flagg  wrote  Sketches  of  a  Traveller,  for  the 
Louisville  Journal;  these  papers  were  afterwards  pub.  in 
a  work  entitled  The  Far  We.=t.  N.  York,  1S3S.  2  vols.  His 
other  works  are — Carrero,  or  the  Prime  Minister  :  a  Novel ; 
Francois  of  Valois:  a  Novel;  The  Howard  Queen  :  a  No- 
vel; Blanche  of  Artois:  a  Novel;  several  other  novels,  and 
some  dramas;  Venice,  The  City  of  the  Sea,  1797-1849.  N. 
York,  1853,  2  vols.  12mo.  A  third  vol.,  to  be  entitled  North 
Italy  since  1S49,  will  shortly  be  given  to  the  world.  See 
Duyckincks'  Cyc.  of  Amer.  Lit.  Those  who  would  have 
a  vivid  conception  of  Venice  in  her  latter  days  must  not 
fail  to  read  Mr.  Flagg's  City  of  the  Sea. 

"A  carefully-conipiled.  poetically-written  digest  of  the  history 
of  glorious  old  Venice." — N.Y.  KtiickerbocKer. 

Flagg,  J.  F,  B.,  M.D..  a  resident  of  Philadelphia, 
was  b.  in  Boston,  Mass.,  1804.  Ether  and  Chloroform: 
their  Employment  in  Surgery,  Dentistry,  Midwifery, 
Therapeutics,  &q.,  Phila.,  1851,  12mo.  This  work  has 
been  highly  commended. 

Flagg,  Wilson.  Studies  in  Field  and  Forest,  Bost., 
1856,  rjmo.     Highly  commended  by  Lon.  Critic,  Ac. 

Flaherty,  or  O'Flaherty,  Roderic,  an  Irish  his- 
torian, a  native  of  MoycuUin,  county  of  Galway.  Ogygia, 
seu  Rerum  Hibernicarum  Chromdogia,  Lon.,  1685,  4to. 
Trans,  into  Eng.  by  Rev.  James  Hely,  Dubl.,  1793,  2  vols. 
Svo.  See  an  account  of  this  work  in  ^yare's  Ireland,  by 
Harris,  and  in  Bishop  Nicolson's  Irish  Hist.  Lib.  Flaherty 
was  something  like  an  antiquarian :  the  Christian  era  was 
with  him  quite  a  modern  date.  Let  us  see  what  he  pro- 
mised the  Duke  of  Y'ork :  the  italics  are  our  own  : 

"His  patron,  the  then  Duke  of  York,  afterwards  Kin;^  .Tames 
the  Second,  is  encoura<:ed  to  expect  a  complete  chain  of  his  royal 
ancestors  in  a  right  line  of  an  hundred  and  fwni  ti/-f our  gevpra lions 
from  Adam  ;  vj/in-mfelevp-n  were  h'/'rrr- (he J1"f>d.  twenty-i^'w  between 
that  epocha  and  their  settlement  here,  tifty-one  in  Ireland,  and 
tbirty-six  in  Scotland:  but  afterwards  he  seems  not  to  lie  sure  of 
making  out  the  re^ial  stem,  without  interruption,  for  above  2700 
years." — Bishop  Nicolson's  Irish  Hist.  Lib. 

What  a  sad  falling  off!     Quite  a  modern  affair,  after  all. 

"Dr.  Loftus  said  that  among  all  the  chronolotrical  treatises  of 
Ireland  whirh  he  had  perused,  he  found  none  written  with  that 
exactness.  dilij;ence.  and  judjrment.  as  this.*' — Wire's  Jrelond. 

Flamsteed,  John,  1646-1719,  the  first  royal  astro- 
nomer, a  native  of  Denby,  Derby.'-hirc,  was  ordained  by 
Bishop  Gunning  in  1675,  and  received  the  living  of  Bur- 
stow,  Surrey,  about  1684.  He  was  devoted  to  astronomical 
investigations,  and  pub.  some  treatises  and  a  number  of 
papers  in  Phil,  Trans..  1672-1713,  upon  his  favourite  pur- 
suit. His  principal  work,  Historia  Coelestis  Britannicfe, 
liljri  duo,  was  not  pub.  in  a  complete  shape  until  after  his 
death,  when  the  necessary  addititms  were  made,  and  it  was 
given  to  the  world  in  1725,  3  vols.  fol.  This  contains  the 
places  of  2934  stars.  An  imperfect  edit,  was  pub.  in  1712, 
fob.  without  Flamsteed's  consent.  In  some  respects  it  is 
said  to  be  more  accurate  than  the  authorized  edit.     It  con- 

601 


FLA 


FLA 


tains  only  26S0  stars.  To  the  preceding  work  is  often  ' 
joined  ttie  Atlas  Coelestia,  1729,  '53,  fot.  Some  of  Flam- 
steed's  MSS.,  discovered  by  Mr.  Francis  Baily  in  the  Ob- 
servatory at  Greenwich,  together  with  some  of  his  letters 
and  autobiographical  memoranda,  were  pub.  in  1835  by 
order  of  the  Lords  of  the  Admiralty.  To  these  we  must 
refer  the  reader,  and  also  to  the  Biog.  Brit.;  Whiston's  . 
Life;  Lysons's  Environs;  Ward's  Greshani  Professors; 
Martin's  Biog.  Philosophicaj  Hutton's  Diet.;  Chalmers's 
Biog.  Diet.  I 

"The  Htatnria  Cek^is  Bn(<inmca  contains  our  first  trustworthy 
catalogue  of  the  fixed  stars — tbe  first  at  least  which  is  available 
for  modern  objects;  and  the  mass  of  lunar  observations  made  by  , 
Flamsteed  furnished  Newton  the  means  of  carrying  out  and  veri-  ■ 
fying  his  immortal  discovery  of  Gravitation." — John  P.  NlCHOL,  i 
LL.D.,  Frnfizs.  of  Astrnjtnmy  in  the  Vniv.  of  Glasgow. 

The  following  remarks  of  M.  Sigorgne,  (1719-1809,) 
Member  of  the  Sorbonne,  and  Professor  of  Philosophy  in 
the  Univ.  of  Paris,  are  interesting  in  this  connection: 

"With  respect  to  the  primary  planets,  the  attraction  of  the  sun 
only  is  Eufficit;nt  to  obli^B  them  to  desi-ribe  ellipses,  but  as  they 
ought  also  to  attract  each  other,  there  was  some  room  to  apprehend 
that  the  rej^'ularity  of  their  motion  mij^ht  be  thereby  somewhat 
disturbed.  We  ought,  hnwever.  to  take  Sir  Is;iac  Newton's  word 
upun  this  head,  since  we  shall  presently  see  from  what  he  has  done, 
that  there  is  no  reason  to  be  in  puin  upon  this  account.  According 
to  his  observation,  bodies  attract  each  other  in  a  direct  proportion 
of  the  quantities  of  matter  they  contain,  and  the  converse  propor- 
tion of  the  squares  of  their  distances,  and  in  this  proportion  it  is 
that  the  planets  affect  each  other.  Now  if  the  Newtonian  Philoso- 
phy be  true,  there  is  a  certain  method  of  knowing  the  quantity  of 
matter  in  the  planets,  and  consequently  of  calculating  the  force  of 
their  impi-essions:  such  a  calculation  being  made,  it  appears  that 
Mars,  our  Earth.  Venus,  and  Mercury,  attract  each  other  so  little 
in  proportion  to  the  foi'ce  with  which  they  are  attracts  by  the  sun, 
that  the  disorder  arising  from  thence  must  be  altogether  imper- 
ceptible in  many  revolutions;  and  hence  there  appears  a  wonder- 
ful agreement  between  the  principles  of  this  philosophy  and  the 
pha'nomena.  But  this  agreement  appears  still  more  clearly  in  what 
happens  with  respect  to  Jupiter  and  Saturn:  the  quantity  of  mat- 
ter in  Jupiter  is  so  great,  that  the  calculation  demonstrates  the 
effects  of  its  attraction  upon  Saturn  ought  to  be  very  sensible  in 
the  time  of  their  conjunction.  Sir  Isaac  Newton  predicted  this  to 
the  Astronomers  Flamsteed  and  Ilalley.  but  the  former  of  these 
great  men  gave  no  credit  at  all  to  that  prediction.  Ilcwever.  the 
conjunction  of  those  two  planets  approaching,  this  singular  obser- 
vation was  made  for  the  first  time,  and  the  consequence  was,  that 
the  calculation  was  exactly  verified.  This  procured  the  Newtonian 
Philosophy  the  approbation  of  so  great  .in  A^l^.pIlome^  as  Flam- 
steed; indeed  it  would  have  been  vei  v  ilitlii  nil  for  him  to  have 
denied  it." — Pi'eface  aiix  Inf!tUiUir'Ti>^  jytir/imn  iin<^,  p.  xvii,,  xviii. 

"Galileo  Galilei  was  the  first  who  discovend  tour  plaiu4s  mriving 
constantly  round  Jupiter,  from  thence  usually  ■alli-d  liis  s;ttellites, 
which  afterwaids  were  observed  to  have  a  constant,  n-gular.  and 
periodical  motion.  This  motion  is  now  so  exactly  known,  that  Mr. 
Flamsteed.  who  is  one  of  the  most  accurate  observers  that  ever 
was.  has  been  able  to  calculate  tables  of  the  eclipses  of  the  several 
satellites,  according  to  which.  Astronomers  in  different  quarters 
of  the  world,  having  notion  of  the  precise  time  when  to  look  for 
them,  have  found  them  to  answer  to  his  predictions,  and  published 
their  observations  accordingly.'' — Dr.  Wm.  Wotton:  HeJUxions 
upon  Ancient  and  Mixhrn  Learning. 

"Mr.  Flamsteed.  with  indefatigable  pains,  for  more  than  forty 
years,  watched  the  motions  of  the  stars,  and  has  given  us  innu- 
merable observations  of  the  sun,  moon,  and  planets,  which  he  made 
with  very  large  instruments  exactly  divided  by  most  exquisite  art, 
and  fitted  with  felesc()pical  sights." — Dr.  Jou.v  Keil:  1^-ef.tohis 
Intmduc.  to  the  triu-  P/u'/us.     See  Bioi^.  Bi  it. 

Flanagan,  S.  W.  and  C.  Kelly,     Reports  in  Chan. 
Rolls  Ct.    temp.  Sir  M.  O'Loghlen,  Dubl.,  1843,  Svu. 
Flanders,  Henry,  b.  at  Plainfield,  New  Hampshire. 

1.  A  Treatise  on  Maritime  Law,  Bost.,  1853,  8vo. 

"It  has  been  carefully  and  elegantly  written,  the  authorities  are 
numerous,  and  appear  to  be  cited  with  exactness,  and  within  its 
scope,  it  forms  a  complete  treatise  on  the  subject  which  it  em- 
hrnce f>:'—Ph<hi.  Ln,.  InUl. 

2.  A  Treatise  of  the  Law  of  Shipping,  Phil.i.,  185.S,  Svo. 
"  I  think  it  is  a  valuable  addition  to  our  stock  of  Miiritime 

Laws,  and  that  the  author  is  well  grounded  iu  his  trust  that  he 
had  done  tbe  profession  some  service.  I  have  only  been  able  to 
bring  it  to  their  further  notice,  by  citing  it  iu  the  second  edition 
of  my  third  volume  of  tiie  Law  of  Kvidence,  now  in  press." — S. 
Greenlk\f:   Onnhridge,  Sept.  5,  1853. 

3.  Lives  and  Times  of  the  Chief  Justices  of  the  United 
States:  First  Series.  1.  John  Jay.  2.  John  Rutledge, 
Phila.,  1855,  Svo. 

"  Mr.  Flanders  has  written  his  work  in  a  clrar  and  concise  style, 
and  has  mingled  with  the  biographical  notices  enough  of  the  in- 
cidents and  stirring  mementoes  of  those  times,  to  make  the  work 
exceedingly  interesting." — Nortoyi's  (A.  i'or/,-)  Lit.  Gaz. 

"Mr.  Flanders  has  fully  comprehended  the  difficulties  and  du- 
ties of  his  task,  and  has  accomplished  it  with  great  skill  and  com- 
pleteness. .  .  .  The  author  has  access  to  original  sources  of  in- 
formation, and  considerable  matter  hitherto  unpublished,  shedding 
new  light  on  our  earlier  history,  will  be  found  in  its  pages." — 
American  Law  litgisier. 

Second  Series — Wm.  Cushing,  Oliver  Ellsworth,  and  John 
Marshall — was  pub.  iu  1S5S,  Svo:    see  Van  Santvoord, 
Gkouge.    4.  Memoirs  of  Richard  Cumberland,  with  Not«s, 
1856,  Svo:  see  Cumbeula.nd,  Richahd. 
602 


Flather,  John,  1.  Index  to  Equity  Reports,  ISOS- 
22,  Lou.,  r.  Svo,  lS'2:i-25.  This  forms  a  supt.  to  BricJ;^'- 
mau's  Equity  Digest.  2.  Ct.  of  Bkrupt.  Act,  1832, 
12mo.  3.  New  Bkrupt.  Act,  2d  ed.,  1842,  12mo.  4.  New 
Stat.  rel.  to  Insolv.  &  B.,  1843,  12mo.  5.  Bkrupt.  Law 
Consol  Act,  1849.  12mo. 

Flatman,  Thomas,  1633-1672.  a  native  of  London, 
educated  at  Oxford,  was  skilled  iu  hiw.  painting,  and 
poetry.  A  collection  of  poems,  entitled  Virtus  Rediviva, 
&c.,  by  T.  F.,  pub.  in  1660.  may  bo  hi.s.  but  Wood  will  not 
affirm  it.  In  addition  to  minor  pieces  of  his  in  verse  and 
prose,  pub.  separately,  there  appeared  in  1674,  '86,  Svo, 
a  collection  of  his  poems  and  songs  ;  also  pub.  1676,  '82, 
'86.  He  composed  Pindaric  Odes  on  the  death  of  the 
Duke  of  Albemarle,  the  Earl  of  Ossory,  Prince  Rupert, 
and  Charles  II.  For  that  on  the  Earl  of  Ossory,  the 
Duke  of  Ormoud,  his  father,  presented  the  author  with  a 
diamond  ring  worth  £100.  Granger  does  not  value  his 
Pindarics  very  highly: 

"Flatman  really  excelled  as  an  artist :  a  man  must  want  ears 
for  harmony  that  can  admire  his  poetry,  and  even  want  eyes  that 
can  cease  to  admire  his  painting.  It  does  our  author  some  honour 
that  Mr.  Pope  has  very  closely  copied  several  of  his  verses,  in  his 
ode  of  *The  Dying  Christian  to  his  Soul.'  .  .  .  Some  of  his  taste- 
less contemporaries  thought  him  equally  excellent  in  both ;  but 
one  of  his  heads  is  worth  a  ream  of  his  Pindarics:  1  had  almost 
said  all  the  Pindaiics  written  iii  this  reign.  Ilis  works  are  ex- 
tremely scarce." — Biog.  Hist,  of  Eng. 

Oldys.  in  the  following  epigram,  refers  to  the  three  facul- 
ties in  which  he  was  skilled, viz.:  Law,  Painting,  and  Poetry : 
"Should  Flatman  for  his  client  strain  the  Laws, 
The  painter  gives  some  colour  to  the  cause; 
Should  critics  censure  what  the  Poet  writ, 
The  pleader  quits  him  at  the  bar  of  wit." 
Charles  Cotton  highly  commends  Flatman's  poems  and 
songs. 

"these  with  force  are  writ. 

As  full  of  sinewy  strength  as  well  as  wit." 
It  appears  from  the  following  bit  of  gossip  of  old  An- 
thony Wood — who  dearly  loves  a  sly  joke — that  Master 
\  Flatman,  like  many  bachelors  of  modern  times,  sometimes 
'  amused  himself  with  ridiculing  the  connubial  happiness 
which  he  afterwards  gladly  embraced : 

"This  person  was  in  his  younger  days  much  against  marriage, 
to  the  dislike  of  his  father,  and  made  a  song  describing  the  cum- 
hrances  with  it,  beginning  thus: 

'  Like  a  dog  with  a  bottle  ty'd  close  to  bis  tail, 
Like  a  tory  in  a  bog,  or  a  thief  in  a  jayle,'  &c. 
But  being  afterwards  smitten  with  a  fair  virgin,  and  more  with 
her  fortune,  [unkind  Anthony  !]  did  espouse  her.  26th  Nov.,  Ifi72, 
whereupon  his  ingenious  comrades  did  serenade  him  that  night 
with  the  said  song." — Athen.  Ozon. 

This  is  just  such  a  story  as  we  might  expect  from  such 
a  crusty  old  bachelor  as  Anthony  a  Wood. 

Flatters,  J.  J.     The  Paradise  Lost  of  Milton  illus- 
trated :  54  Plntes  for  Sculptors,  Artists,  &c.,  Lon.,  1851,  fol. 
Flavel,  John.    Tractatus  de  Demonstratione,  Oson., 
161D,  Svo. 

Flavel,  John,  1627F-1691,  an  eminent  Nonconformist 
Calvinistic  divine,  a  native  of  Worcestershire,  was  edu- 
cated at  University  Coll.,  Oxf.  ;  Rector  of  Diptford,  De- 
vonshire, about  1650  ;  removed  to  Dnrtmouth,  1656 ; 
ejected  for  nonconformity,  1662.  He  was  an  excellent  man, 
and  full  of  zeal  in  the  cause  of  religion.  I.  Husbandry 
Spirt tualized,  Lon.,  1669,  4to.  2.  A  Saint  Indeed,  1673, 
1S03,  Svo.  3.  Divine  Conduct,  1678,1814,  Svo;  1691, 
12mo.  4.  The  Touchstone  of  Sincerity,  1670,  Svo.  5.  Per- 
sonal  Reformation,  1691,  12mo.  6.  Remains,  1691,  Svo. 
7.  Expos,  of  the  Assemblie's  Catechism.  1092,  Svo.  8.  The 
Soul  of  Man,  169S.  4to.  9.  Method  of  Grace,  169S,  4to. 
Works,  1673,  2  vols,  fol.;  1701,  2  vols.  fol.  j  1740,  2  vols, 
fol.;  Paisley,  1770,  6  vols.  Svo;  Neweast.,  1797,  6  vols. 
Svo.  Other  eds.  Many  of  his  separate  pieces  have  been 
frequently  pub. 

New  ed.  of  works,  1S20,  6  vols.  Svo.  Select  Works,  by 
C.  Bradley,  1S23,  2  vols.  12mo.  Select  Works,  with  Life, 
1833,  Svo.  Among  the  most  esteemed  of  his  works  aie 
Husbandry  Spiritualized,  Navigation  Spiritualized,  The 
Fountain  of  Life,  Method  of  Grace,  Divine  Conduct.  The 
writings  of  but  few  authors  huve  been  so  highly  com- 
mended as  those  of  John  Flavel. 

"Plain,  popular,  and  tender;  proper  to  address  afflicted  cases, 
and  to  melt  the  soul  in  love.  His  Token  for  Mourners  is  inimi- 
table. Allusions  to  Pagan  stories  both  in  Bates  and  him  are  en- 
tertaining and  useful/' — Dn.  Doddridge. 

"  Tn  Flavel  you  will  find  the  true  savour  of  plain,  lively,  useful 
preaching." — Cotton  Mather. 

"  Fervent  and  affectionate,  with  a  masterly  hand  at  probing  the 
conscience  and  striking  the  pa.^sions." — Hervet. 

"Of  Mr.  FlavoPs  learning,  his  works  contain  sufficient  evidence, 
and  his  printed  Sermons,  which  are  a  model  for  pie.;irhers.  prove 
him  to  have  been  a  master  of  that  species  of  eloquence  which  reigns 
over  the  heart.'' — Bogue  and  Benwett. 


FLA 


TLB 


"There  are  few  writers  of  a  more  unexceptionable,  experimental, 
affectiunale.  practical,  popular,  and  eJif>iug  character  than  i'la- 
ye\."—Bick'rstetfi's  C.  S. 

The  Tokeu  for  Mourners  is  included  in  the  vol.  entitled 
The  Mourner's  Companion,  1825,  12mo.  See  Gobdos, 
Robert. 

Flavel,  Phineas.  The  Grand  Evil  of  the  Disciple's 
Heart  Discovered,  Lon.,  1676,  Svo. 

Flaxuiaii,  Johu,  1755-1826,  an  eminent  English 
sculptor,  was  a  native  of  York,  but  at  an  early  age  removed 
to  London  with  his  father,  a  manufacturer  of  plaster  casts. 
As  a  boy,  much  of  his  time  was  occupied  in  making  mo- 
dels in  clay,  which  evinced  a  remarkable  genius  fur  the 
art  in  which  he  afterwards  became  so  eminent.  In  17S7 
he  visited  Romo,  where,  during  a  residence  of  seven  years, 
he  executed  his  celebrated  designs  in  outline  from  Homer, 
^scbylu?.  and  Dante.  The  three  series  were  engraved  for 
him  by  Pimli,  The  designs  from  the  Iliad  and  Odyssey 
were  made  for  Mr.  Hare  Naylor;  those  from  Dante  for 
Mrs.  Thomas  Hope  j  and  those  from  .^schylus  for  the  late 
Countess  Spencer.  The  Homer  was  pub.  in  1793,  4to; 
again,  with  addit.  plates,  ISQo,  2  vols.  fol. ;  the  ^schylus 
in  1795;  again,  1831,  fol. ;  Dante  in  1807,  ob.  fol.;  Hesiod 
— made  after  his  return  to  England,  1S17,  ob.  fol.  There 
have  been  Italian,  French,  and  German  eds.,  of  which  we 
notice  e:^pecially  the  (Euvres  de  Flaxman,  par  M.  Nitot, 
Dufresne,  Paris,  1823,  which  contains  the  Homer,  ^s- 
chylus,  and  Hesiod,  with  text.  Whilst  at  Rome,  he  also 
executed  for  the  late  Earl  of  Bristol  his  magnificent  group, 
representing  the  Fury  of  Athamas,  from  Ovid's  Metamor- 
phoses, consisting  of  four  figures  larger  than  life.  For 
this  he  received  a  sum  insufficent  to  defray  the  cost — 
£600.  This  group  is  preserved  at  Ickworth,  the  seat  of 
the  Earl  of  Bristol,  in  Suflfolk.  At  this  period  also  he 
produced  his '^Gephalus  and  Aurora,"  for  Mr.  Hope.  In 
1794  he  returned  to  England,  and  commenced  the  monu- 
ment to  Lord  Mansfield,  now  in  Westminster  Abbey,  for 
■which  he  had  received  an  order  before  he  left  Rome.  For 
this  he  was  paid  X2600,  Among  his  other  works  may  be 
mentioned  the  monument  to  Lord  Nelson,  the  figure  of 
Sir  Joshua  Reynolds,  the  monument  to  the  family  of  Sir 
Francis  Baring,  in  Micheldean  Church.  Satan  and  Mi- 
chael, for  Lord  Egremont,  the  monument  to  Collins,  the 
poet,  in  Chichester  Cathedral,  the  monument  to  Miss 
Cromwell,  to  Earl  Howe,  to  Warren  Hastings,  to  Lord 
and  Lady  Palmerston,  and  the  beautiful  design  of  The 
Shield  of  Achillea,  {See  Homer's  Iliad,  Book  xviii.)  for 
Messrs.  RundcU  and  Bridge.  For  this  last  he  received 
£620,  and  four  casts  of  it  were  taken  in  silver  gilt,  each 
estimated  at  £2000.  This  is  one  of  his  greatest  productions. 
"A  divine  wnrk.  unequalled  in  the  comliiiiation  of  beauty. 
Vanity,  and  j;randeur,  whith  the  genius  of  .Miihael  Angelo  could 
not  have  surpassed." — Snt  Thumas  Lawrence. 

In  1831  (ob.  fol.)  were  pub.  his  eight  beautiful  composi- 
tions of  The  Acts  of  Mercy,  in  the  manner  of  ancient 
sculpture,  engraved,  in  imitation  of  the  original  drawings, 
by  F.  C.  Lewis.  His  Lectures  on  Sculpture,  as  delivered 
by  him  at  the  Royal  Academy,  illustrated  by  52  plates, 
appeared  in  1S29.  New  ed.,  with  addits,,  and  an  Address 
on  the  Death  of  Flaxman,  1838,  Svo.  We  have  already 
lingered  over  the  memory  of  this  eminent  sculptor  for  a 
greater  length  of  time  than  can  well  be  justified  in  a  Dic- 
tionary of  Literature,  but  cannot  conclude  without  record- 
ing some  tributes  from  eminent  authorities  to  the  merits 
of  one  who  has  beeu  denominated  by  judges  of  no  con- 
temptible authority — including  even  Canova  himself — the 
greatest  sculptor  of  modern  times. 

"The  greatest  of  modern  sculptors  was  our  illustrious  country- 
man, John  Khisauin.  He  not  only  had  all  the  fine  feeling  of  the 
ancient  Greekt«,  (which  Canova  in  a  dejxree  possessed.)  but  united 
to  it  a  readiness  of  invention  and  a  simplicity  of  design  truly  asto- 
nishing. Thi)Uj,'h  Canova  w.is  his  superior  in  the  manual  part, 
high  tinishiijg.  jet  in  the  hijiher  qualities,  poetical  feeling,  and  in- 
vention. Fla.xman  was  as  superior  to  Canova  as  Shakspeare  to  the 
dramatists  of  his  day.'' — i^ia  Kicuard  Westmacott. 

**  Flaxman  was  one  of  the  few — the  very  few — who  confer  real 
and  pL*rmanent  glory  on  the  countrj'  to  which  they  belong.  Iljs 
genius  was  ot  that  vast  and  lofty  nature  which  is  beyond  the  reach 
of  ordiuai-y  or  immediate  appreciation,  and  which  grows  gradually 
and  imperceptibly  on  the  estimation  of  mankind.  His  unequalled 
compositions  from  Homer,  iEschylus.  and  Hesiod,  have  long  been 
the  admiration  of  Europe.  Of  their  simplicity  and  beauty  the  pen 
is  quite  incapable  of  conveying  an  adequate  impressi'io.  .  .  .  Not 
even  in  Itaftaele  have  the  gentler  feelings  and  sorrows  of  human 
nature  beeu  traced  with  more  touching  pathos  than  in  the  various 
designs  and  models  of  this  estimable  man." — Sir  Thomas  LAWitENce. 
'■Flaxman  has  translated  Dante  best,  for  he  has  translated  it  into 
the  universiil  language  of  nature." — Loed  Byro\, 

"The  progeny  of  Flaxman's  pencil  and  chisel  were  of  the  highest 
rank:  there  is  a  prodiLiious  affluence  of  imagination  in  all  his 
sketches  and  drawings." — Allan  Cunningham. 

As  Mr.  Cunningham  was  equally  at  home  in  the  Fine 


Arts  and  in  letters,  we  quote  his  opinion  of  Flasman's  Lec- 
tures : 

'■  These  Lectures,  as  literary  compositions,  containing  a  clear 
and  commanding  view  of  sculpture,  ancient  and  modern — almn- 
dant  in  just  sentiments  and  wise  remarks,  and  such  profc^^i^||l:^l 
precepts  as  only  experience  can  supply — merit  mnre  regard  th:in 
they  have  as  yet  received-  The  account  of  the  Gothic  sculpture 
in  England  is  as  rich  as  a  chapter  of  old  romance,  and  intinitely 
more  interesting.  The  whole  of  the  Lectures  on  Beauty  and  Com- 
position ought  to  be  familiar  to  the  mind  of  every  student.  The 
order  of  thi-ir  arrangement  is  natural,  and  there  is  good  sense  and 
a  feeling  for  all  that  is  noble  and  heroic  scattered  over  every 
page." 

But  we  have  seen  that  the  only  one  who  could  complain 
of  Flaxman  having  the  first  post  assigned  to  him  amoug 
modern  sculptors  had  consented  to  the  verdict  that  places 
him  in  this  proud  position.     We  give  his  own  words : 

•'You  come  to  Rome,  and  admire  my  works,  while  you  possess, 
in  your  own  country,  in  Fla.xman.  an  aifist  whose  designs  excel 
in  classical  grace  all  that  I  am  acquaiuttii  with  in  modern  art." — 
Canova. 

Fla\mer,  Sarah.     vSatan  Revealed,  Ac.,  with  a  Tes- 
timony tliat  R.  Brothers  is  a  Prophet  from  the  Lord,  4to. 
Fleckie,  Andrew.     Answer  to  Sir  F.  Burdett's  arg. 
rel.  to  the  power  of  the  H.  of  Com.  to  imprison  persons  not 
Members,  Lon.,  1810,  Svo. 

Flecknoe,  Richard,  an  English  poet  and  dramatist, 
teiiij).  Charles  II.,  is  better  known  from  Dryden's  having 
borrowed  his  name  as  a  scourge  for  the  punishment  of 
Shadwell,  than  for  his  own  productions.  Dryden  held 
Fleeknoe  in  great  contempt,  which  was  naturally  aug- 
mented when  the  latter  was  named  poet-laureate  in  his 
stead.  Shadwell  subsequently  held  the  same  office,  and 
hence  Dryden  ridicules  him  as  the  poetical  son  of  Fleeknoe. 
1.  The  Affections  of  a  Pious  Soul  unto  Christ,  Lon.,  1610, 
Svo.  2.  Miscellanea,  or  Poems  of  all  Sorts;  with  divers 
other  pieces,  16o3,  12mo.  3.  Diarium,  ic,  1656,  12mo. 
4.  Love's  Dominion;  a  Dramatic  Piece,  16ol.  Reprinted 
as  Love's  Kingdom;  a  Pastoral  Tragi-Com.,  1664,  12mo. 
At  the  end  of  Love's  Dominion  is  a  Short  Treatise  on  the 
English  Stage — 

'■  Which  I  take  to  be  the  best  thing  he  has  extant." — Lavg- 
baine's  Uraviai.  Ihets. 

5.  Heroic  Portraits,  Ac.,  1660,  Svo.  6.  Ermina,  or  The 
Chast  Lady;  a  Tragi-Com.,  1661,  4to.  7.  Damoiselles  a 
la  Mode,  1667,  4to.  8.  Sir  Wm.  D'Avenant's  Voy.  to  the 
other  World,  1668,  Svo.  9.  Epigrams  and  Enigmatical 
Characters,  1669,  '70,  '73,  '75,  Svo.  10.  Marriage  of  Oce- 
anus  and  Britannia.  11.  A  Relation  of  Ten  Years  Travel 
in  Europe,  Asia,  Affrique,'  and  America,  by  way  of  Letters ; 
with  other  Historical,  Moral,  and  Political  Pieces;  sine 
anno,  sed  circa  1654.  Svo. 

Malone  unites  in  Dryden's  ridicule  of  Fleeknoe — see  his 
Life  of  Dryden;  but  Soiithey  thinks  more  favourably  of 
him — see  Southey's  Omnia. 

"His  acquaintance  with  the  Nobility  was  more  than  with  the 
Muses;  and  he  had  a  greater  propensity  to  Hjuiiug  than  a  Genius 
to  I'optry.  He  never  could  arrive,  with  all  his  industry,  to  get 
but  one  play  to  be  acted,  [Love's  Kingdom ;  '  it  had  the  misfortune 
to  be  damn'd  by  the  Audience.']  and  yet  he  has  printed  seveial. 
.  .  .  But  Mr.  Fkck-noe  was  to  make  the  best  ofa  Bad  Market;  and 
since  he  could  not  get  his  Plays  acted,  he  was  to  endeavour  to  get 
them  read,  by  labouring  to  persuade  people  that  Imaginatiou 
would  supply  the  defect  of  Action." — Langbaine's  Dramatic  I'ofts. 
''The  last  thing  that  Fleeknoe  would  think  of  as  the  cause  of 
his  plays  l>eing  rejected,  was  his  own  want  of  merit.  U  is  probable 
he  had  not  the  slightest  suspicion  of  such  a  thing.  He  seems, 
indeed,  to  have  been  a  vain,  bu.sy  coxcomb,  who  thought  it  genteel 
*mther  to  affect,'  to  use  his  own  expression,  'a  little  ne-tiiienco 
than  too  great  curiosity' in  his  writing.s.  He  attempted  toVrite 
smartly  rather  than  tersely;  wittily  rather  than  seriously ;  ingeni- 
ously rather  than  profoundly.  But  although  he  has  not  the 
slightest  claim  to  be  considered  a  man  of  genius,  we  cannot  deny 
him  the  praise  of  fancy  and  ingenuity;  and  that  he  had  these  two 
qualities  we  shall  proceed  to  adduce  our  proofs."— Xo«.  Hetrosvcc. 
i?fi'..  T.  2f>7,  2HS.  1822. 

See,  in  addition  to  works  cited  above,  Cibber's  Lives; 
Ware's  Ireland,  by  Harris;  Ellis's  Specimens. 

Fleet,  Charles.     Four  Serms.,  Salisb.,  1796,  Svo. 
Fleet,  Edward.     Address  &  Reply,  Lon.,  1777.  Svo. 
Fleetwood,  Mrs.     Let.  to  Mr.  Madan  rel.  to  the  rec- 
tory of  Aldwinkle.  Lon.,  1767,  Svo. 

Fleetwood,  Charles,  Lord-Deputy  of  Ireland  during 
the  Usurpation.  His  Petition  to  the  Parliament  of  Eng., 
1659,  fol.     His  Answer.  Ac,  4to. 

Fleetwood,  Everard.  Inquiry  into  the  Customary 
Estates,  &c.  of  those  who  hoM  lands  of  Church  and  other 
foundations,  &c.,  1731,  Svo;  Dubl.,  1748,  Svo.  Answered 
by  Henry  Gaily,  D.D.,  in  the  same  vear. 

Fleetwood,  Johu,  D.D.  1.  The  Christian  Prayer 
Book,  Lon.,  1772,  12rao.  2.  Christian  Dictionary,  1773, 
4to.  3.  Life  of  Christ,  and  the  Lives  of  the  Apostles,  John 
the  Baptist,  and  the  Virgin  Mary,  Glasg.,  1S13,  Svo.  Fre- 
quently printed. 


FLE 


Fleetwood,  Col.  William.  An  Tnliiipry  View 
of  the  Beluiviour  uf  my  Lord  Duke  of  Buckingham  at  the 
Isleof  Khee,  Loii,  1648.  ,t      j 

Fleetwood,  William,  d.  1603,  Recorder  of  London 
t.nip.  Eli/.iibeth.  1.  Oriition,  Lon.,  1571,  12mo.  2.  Anna- 
lUim  tam  Regum  Edwardii  V.,  &c.,  1579,  '97. 

•■  lialher  looked  on  as  a  taUe  or  Index  to  the  yeai-book  than 
any  historical  treatise."— Bis;»y  yicrJson's  Eng.JIist.  LiO. 

3.  Office  of  a  Justice  of  the  Peace,  16d/,  8vo,  Fosth. 
A.  Table  on  the  Reports  of  Edmund  Plowdcn,  in  French. 
5  Latin  Verses  prefixed  to  .'^ir  Thos.  Chaloner  s  Kepul). 
Anglorum  iustaurauda.  6.  Notes  upon  Lambarde  s  Arehei- 
on.  He  i.s  said  to  have  contributed  to  the  last  of  the  old 
edits,  of  Holinshed. 

Fleetwood,  William,  D.D.,  1656-1723,  of  the  same 
family  with  Lord-Deputy  Charles  Fleetwood,  was  born  iri 
tbe  Tower  of  L.uidon.  Ue  was  educated  at  Eton  and 
Kings  C.dl.,  Camb.,  and  became  Rector  of  M,  Austins, 
London,  and  Lecturer  of  St.  Dunstan's  in  the  West;  Canon 
of  Windsor,  1702;  Bishop  of  St.  Asaph,  li06;  trans,  to 
Ely  1714  He  pub.  a  number  of  serms.,  thcolng.  treatises, 
Ac  '  see  Bibl  Brit.  Weston  ascribes  to  him  a  work  not 
mentioned  by  Watt,  i-h.,  Curiosities  of  Nature  and  Art  in 
Husbandry  and  Gardening,  1707,  8vo.  Uis  Essay  on  Mi- 
racles, 1701,  8vo,  excited  some  controversy,  and  elicited 
treatises  by  Bishop  Hoadly  and  Gilbert.  ,,   .  „   . 

••The  two  main  Principles  of  this  Book— that  none  but  God  can 
worka(™«  Miracle,  and  that  it  cannot  be  supposed  that  a  true 
Miracle  was  ever  wrought  in  opposition  to  a  doctrine  established 
on  true  principles-were  opposed  by  Bp.  lloadly  in  a  letter  to  Bp. 
Fleetwood,  Svo  1702;  and  the  reading  of  the  two  tracts  ooaisioned 
Mr.  Locke  writing  his  Discourse  on  Miracles.'  ,      .     _, 

Among  the  best  known  of  Fleetwood  s  works  is  (^hroni- 
oon  Preciosum :  an  Account  of  Money,  Price  of  C^orn, 
Wages,  Ac,  in  England,  for  60O  Years  last  past,  17U7,  Svo; 

2d  ed.,  1745,  Svo.  .  ,,.... 

"This  work  contains  the  best  account  of  prices  puWished  in 
Kngland  previously  to  that  given  by  Sir  F.  M.  Eden.  — J/ctuKoc/.  s 
Lit.  of  I'lUt.  Emn.  ,  , 

A  collective  edit,  of  his  works  was  pub.  in  1737,  tot., 
under  the  title  of  A  Complete  Collection  of  the  Sermons, 
Tracts,  and  Pieces  of  all  kinds,  that  were  written  by  Bishop 
Fleetwood.  He  was  considered  the  best  preacher  of  his 
day.  When  one  of  the  ladies  of  the  bed-chamber  asked 
the  Queen  whom  she  intended  to  make  Bishop  of  St.  Asaph, 
her  Majesty  replied :  ^        ,  .  i 

"One  «hom  you  will  be  pleased  with:  whom  you  have  lalel> 
heard  preach  [he  had  just  officiated  as  chaplain] :  I  intend  it  for 
llr.  Fleetwood." 

His  sermons  are  recommended  by  Bishop  (..leaver. 

'•  Surnamed  silver-tongued:- remarkable  foreasy  and  proper  ex- 
pressions, lie  considers  several  cases,  which,  though  otten  occul- 
ting in  human  life,  are  seldom  taken  n^itice  ot  in  sermons.  On 
this  account  he  mav  he  consulted  with  adv.antage.  In  respect  of 
true  politeness  he  has  been  equalled  by  few.  His  sermons  on  Rela- 
tive Duties  are  good:— but  his  Four  Funeral  hermons  show  the 
orator  muc-h  more."— Dr.  Uoddrime. 

Dr  Doddridge  refers  to  the  serm.  on  1.  The  death  ol  li. 
Mary;  2.  The  Duke  of  Gloucester;  S.K.William;  4.  Mr. 
Noble. 

Fleming  and  Tibbins.  Royal  Dictionary  of  the 
French  and  Eug.  Languages,  Lon.,  1849,  2  vols.  4to,  £?,  38. 
Amer  cd  Ijy  .T.  Dobson,  Phila.,  Svo  ;  another  ed.,  sq.  12nio. 

••Incomparably  the  best  dictionary  of  the  two  languages  ex- 
tant."— Lfiii.  AUtfimnm. 

Fleming,  Abraham,  Rector  of  St.  P.ancras,  London, 
■was  known  in  his  day  as  an  industrious  translator  from  the 
Latin  and  Greek,  and  as  the  author  of  some  minor  devo- 
tional and  other  pieces,  which  are  now  known  only  to  the 
liter.ary  antitiuary.  His  puldicntions  range  from  1575  to 
1586  He  trans,  from  Virgil,  Elian,  Cicero,  Tully,  Iso- 
crates,  Pliny,  Synesius,  Ac.  His  Manual  of  Prayers  wiis 
pub.  in  1686,  16mo,  and  his  Verborura  Latinorum,  Ac,  in 
15S3,  fol.  Notices  of  his  pieces  will  be  found  in  Herbert, 
Peck,  Ritson.  Tanner,  Warton's  Hist,  of  Eng.  Poetry,  Cen- 
sura  Lit.,  and  the  Brit.  Bibliog.  ,     .,,    v 

"1  must  not  forget  that  the  same  Webb  [Wm.]  ranks  Abraham 
Flemin".  as  a  translator,  after  Barnal.ie  Orirge.  the  translator  ol 
Palin"e'nius's  Zodiack,  not  without  a  compliment  to  the  poetry  and 
leirni'nE  of  his  brother  Samuel,  whose  excellent  inventions,  he 
adds  had  not  vet  bscn  made  public."— Wurtoii's  Hist.  Evg.  B«-t. 

Fleming,  Alexander,  minister  of  Neilston,  Renfrew- 
shire, pub.  Letters  and  Answers  in  1808  rel.  to  the  intro- 
duction of  an  organ— the  first  attempt  since  the  Reforma- 
tion—into the  Church  of  Scotland.  He  also  pub.  Letters  to 
a  Young  Friend,  1810.  Examination  of  Resolutions,  Ac, 
1814.  Svo.  .    ,^^„ 

Fleming,  Caleb,  1698-1779,  a  Soeininn,  in  1752  suc- 
ceeded Dr.  James  F.ister,  at  Pinner's  Hnll.  He  pub.  many 
theolog.  treatises,  pvincipallv  controversial,  1735-78,  which 
are  now  forgotten.  His  Survey  of  the  Search  alter  Souls, 
by  Coward,  Clarke,  Baxter,  Law,  Ac,  was  pub.  in  1768,  Svo. 

lUU 


FLE 

"  His  writines  might  have  been  more  generally  acceptable  and 
useful  if  they  had  been  free  from  a  certain  quaintness  and  ot.scu- 
ri  v  of  stVle.  ^Aiming  at  origin:dity  and  strength  of  expression  he 
often  lost  perspicuity,  and  never  attained  to  elegance.- X»r.  Kip- 
jiis's  Life  of  Liirdmr. 

Fleming,  Curtis.     Serm.,  Ac,  1795,  Svo. 
Fleming,  Giles.     1.  Serm.,  Lon.,  1634.     2.  Stemma 
Sacrum  :  the  Royal  Progeny  delineated,  1660,  Svo. 

Fleming,  James.  Irish  and  Eng.  Statutes  rel.  to  his 
Majesty's  Revenues  in  Ireland,  Dubl.,  1741,  4to. 

Fleming,  James,  Surgeon  and  Man-midwife.  Trea- 
tise on  the  Formation  of  the  Human  Species,  Ac,  Lon., 
176S,  12mo.  ,  .,        .      ^ 

Fleming,  John,  D.D.,  Prof,  of  Nat.  Philos.  in  the 
Univ.  and  King's  C.dl.,  Aberdeen.  1.  On  a  Bed  of  Fossil 
Shells.  Annals  of  Phil.,  1S14.  2.  Junction  ot  the  Rivers 
and  the  Sea.  Trans.  Rov.  Soc,  Bdin.,  1817.  .3.  MoUuso- 
ous  Animals,  including  Shell  Fish,  Lon.,  1837,  p.  8vo. 

••  Distinguished  by  a  perfect  knowledge  of  the  very  curious  and 
interesting-  sulnect  of  which  it  treats,  by  a  severe  and  searching 
analysis  of  the  evidence,  and  a  clear  and  masterly  arrangement  of 
*he  multifarious  details  conne,-ted  with  \V~Glasg.  CmMuli^al 

4.  Hist,  of  British  Animals,  1842,  Svo.     A  work  of  high 

authority. 
Fleming,  Malcolm.  See  Flejiyng. 
Fleming,  Patrick,  baptized  Christopher,  1599- 
1631,  an  Irish  Catholic  Franciscan,  Lecturer  on  Divinity 
at  Prague,  was  murdered  by  some  peasants,  when  that  city 
was  besieged  by  the  Elector  of  Saxony  in  1631.  1.  Col- 
lectanea Sacra,  or  Lives  of  Irish  and  Scotch  Saints,  with 
edits  by  Thos.  Sirini,  Louvain,  1667,  fol.  2.  Ahridgt.  of 
Chronicon  consecrati  Petri  Ratisbonas.  He  supplied  \V  ard 
with  materials  for  his  Lives  of  the  Irish  S.aints.  The  works 
of  the  three  alibots,  Columban,  Aileran,  and  Cuniean,  in 
the  Bibl.  Patrum,  are  avowedly  taken  from  Fleming. 

Fleming,  Peter.  Land  Surveying,  Pt.  1,  Glasg., 
1815.  4to.  .         ,  „  ., 

Fleming,  Robert,  1630-1694,  a  native  of  Bathens, 
Scotland,  was  educated  at  the  Univ.  of  Edin.,  and  at  that 
of  St.  Andrew's,  where  he  studied  divinity  under  Samuel 
Rutherford.  He  became  minister  at  Cambuslaug,  Clydes- 
d.ale  •  ejected,  1662  ;  took  charge  of  a  Scotch  congregation 
at  Rotterdam,  where  he  died  in  1694.  1.  The  Fulfilling 
of  the  Scripture,  in  three  Parts,  Lon.,  1681,  2  vols.  12ino; 
many  eds. ;  5th  and  best  ed.,  with  Author's  Lite  and  a  Fu- 
neral Serm.  by  Daniel  Burgess,  1726,  fol. 

■•  An  elaboi  ati.  view  of  the  operations  of  Providence  in  preserving 
the  Church  through  all  the  vicissitudes  of  ecclesiastic:.  1  history. 

2.  Serm.  and  Discourses,  1692-1704.  3.  The  Confirming 
Work  of  Religion,  1693,  sm.  Svo. 

Fleming,  Robert,  Jr.,  d.  1716,  son  of  the  preceding, 
and  a  native  of  Scotland,  was  educated  at  home,  at  Ley- 
deu  and  at  Utrecht.  He  became  minister  of  the  English 
church  at  Leyden,  subsequently  of  the  Scotch  church  at 
Amsterdam,  and  afterwards  of  a  Scotch  church  at  Loth- 
burv,  London.  1.  Poet.  Paraphrase  on  the  Song  of  Solo- 
mon, with  other  Poems,  Lon.,  1691,  Svo.  2.  Funl.  Senu., 
1692,  Svo.  3.  Discourses  on  several  subjects,  viz.^The 
Rise  and  Fall  of  Papacy,  Ac,  1701,  Svo;  1st  ed.  of  greilt 
rarity.  The  first  Discourse  was  repub.  in  1793,  Svo,  under 
the  title  of  Apocalyptical  Key.  Late  eds.,  entitled  The 
Rise  and  Fall  of  Papacy,  IS4S,  '49,  '60.  In  this  celebrated 
discourse  are  many  predictions  which  coincide  most  re- 
markably with  events  in  the  early  history  of  the  French 
Revcdution,  at  the  close  of  the  last  century.  Fleming  in 
1701  expressed  his  belief  that  the  Fifth  Vial  would  be 
poured  out  on  the  Sign  of  the  Beast,  beginning  in  1794, 
and  more  especially  in  1S4S,  in  which  he  expected  that 
those  events  would  commence  which  wouhl  undenninB 
Papal  authority,  and  lead  to  its  complete  destruction. 

'The  remarkable  conjectures  of  Fleming  rest  on  sound  princi- 
ples of  interpretation."— CTi.  of  Eng.  Quar.  Rn 

••  Perhaps  the  most  remarkable  work  on  Prophecy  that  has  ever 
appeared." — Lon.  llti^c/fman. 

4.  Discourse  on  the  Death  of  King  William,  1702,  Svo. 

5.  Christology,  1705-08,  3  vols.  Svo.     Abridged,  Edin., 

1795,  Svo.  ^.  ^  .  V*   V   „- 

"The  author  did  not  complete  his  plan,  which  is  mnch  to  be  re- 
gretted :  as  he  possessed  a  powerful  and  very  original  mind.  IVlany 
ingenious  thou._-hts  occur  in  the  Christology.  and  many  passages 
of  Scripture  are  pl;iced  in  a  new  light."— Oi-mp'.'i  BM.  Bib. 

•  Many  original  remarks  and  valuable  thoughts."— .Bidcersld/i  l 


C.  S.  „  ,. 

6.  The  First  Resurrection,  1708.  7.  Discourses,  Edin., 
1790,  ]2nio.  8.  Discourse  and  Serm.,  1793,  Svo.  9.  Spe- 
culum Davidicum  Redivivum.  10.  Theocrity;  or  the  Di- 
vine Right  of  Nations.  11.  The  Mirrour  of  Divine  Love; 
with  a  Dramatic  Poem  called  the  Monarchical  Image,  or 
Nebuchadnezzar's  Dream.  12.  The  Hist,  of  Hereditary 
Right.     Fleming  was  eminent  for  piety  and  learning. 


FLE 


FLE 


Fleming,  Samuel.  1.  Merits  and  Demerits  of  Oppo- 
BJtion,  1797,  Svo.  2.  Utility  of  the  Learned  Languages, 
1807,  Svo. 

Fleming,  Rev.  Thomas.  Agitation  of  the  waters 
of  Loch  Tay;  Trans.  Roy.  Soe..  Edin.,  1788. 

Fleming,  Rev.  \V»,  d.  1742.  Poetical  Epistle  to  the 
Rev.  Eriisiuu^  Head. 

Fleming,  H'm,,D.D.  Gazetteer  of  the  0.  andN.  Tests., 
with  Niit.  Hi^t.  of  the  Cil.le,  &c.,  Edin.,  1838,  2  vols.  r.  Svo. 

Flemming,  Rev,  Francis.  Kaffraria  and  its  in- 
habitiiut:?,  Lnn.,  18j3,  p.  8vo. 

Flemming,  orFIemmynge,  Robert,  d.  14S;j,  Dean 
of  Linculu,  1451,  nephew  of  Richard  Fiemmiu>^,  Bit^hop  of 
Lincoln,  wrote  a  Dictionarum  Graeco-Latinuin,  Carmina  di- 
versi  generis,  Epi^tolarum  ad  diversas,  a  Latin  Poem  in 
praise  of  Pope  Sixtus  IV.,  &c.  See  Biog.  Brit.;  Lelandj 
Bale;  Pits. 

Flemyng,  or  Fleming,  Malcolm,  M.D.,  of  Brigg, 
pub.  several  professional  works,  a  list  of  which  will  be 
found  in  the  Bibl.  Brit. 

Flesher,  Rev.  John,editorofArvine*sCyc.  of  Moral 
and  Religious  Anecdotes,  Lon.  and  Glasg.,  1S50,  12mo. 
See  Arvine,  T. 

Flesber,  Thomas.  The  Laws  of  Honour,  or  an  Ac- 
count of  the  Suppression  of  Duels  in  France,  L<tn.,  1685, 
8vo,  pp.  198.  Dedicated  to  Henry  Howard,  Duke  of  Nor- 
folk. See  Sabine,  Lokenzo.  We  have  already,  more  than 
once,  in  the  course  of  this  volume,  expressed  our  views 
respecting  the  so-called  Laws  of  Honour. 

Fleta.     See  Seldex,  John. 

Fletcher.     Charge  to  Grand  Jury  of  Wexford,  1S15. 

Fletcher,  Abraham,  1714-1793,  a  self-taught  mathe- 
matician, botanist,  and  physician,  of  obscure  parentage, 
was  a  native  of  Little  Broughton,  Cumberland.  1.  Uni- 
versal Measurer,  Whitehaven,  1753,  2  vols.  Svo.  2.  Uni- 
versal Measurer  and  Mechanic,  Lon.,  1763,  Svo, 

Fletcher,  Alexander,  D.D.,  of  Fiusbury  Chapel, 
London.  1.  The  Devotional  Family  Bible,  Lon.,  2  vols. 
4to.  2.  Guide  to  Family  Devotion,  containing  730  Hymns, 
730  Prayers,  and  730  Passages  of  Scripture,  with  appro- 
priate Reflections,  4to;  30th  ed.  of  1000  each. 

"  30,000  copies  of  a  book  of  common  prayer,  recommended  by  25 
distinguished  ministers,  whose  names  ar^  given,  and  who  include 
some  of  the  most  prominent  of  the  day,  cannot  be  dispersed 
throughout  P'.niihttid  wiihout  working  some  considerable  change 
in  the  minds  of  prubably  liuO.oOO  persons." — Lfm.  Times. 

The  sale  to  1850  had  reached  from  40,000  to  50,000 
copies.  Testimonials  have  also  been  sent  by  nearly  100 
divines  of  America.  3.  Sabbath  School  Preacher,  1849, 
12mo.     4.  Addresses  to  the  Young,  1851,  fp.  Svo. 

"  We  do  not  know  of  any  terais  that  can  adequately  express  the 
value  of  these  Addresses." — British  Motlier.r  Afagazinp.. 

'■For  simplicity  of  style,  attractiveness  of  form,  richness  of  theo- 
logy, and  touching  illustrative  fe.cts,  these  Addresses  are  unri- 
valled."—  Wt'sley  Banner. 

"A  little  work  of  great  merit.  Dr.  Fletcher,  better  than  any 
other  living  man.  is  titted  for  a  juvenile  auditory.  It  is  a  charm- 
ing volume  for  the  young." — Standard  of  Freedom. 

5.  Mental  Culture;  Addressed  especially  to  Young  Men 
engaged  in  Commercial  Pursuits,  with  an  Introduction  by 
Dr.  A.  F.;  7th  thousand. 

"  Small  in  size,  but  very  considerable  in  value.  We  are  not  a 
little  ple.Hsed  to  find  that  "OnO  copies  of  it  are  now  in  the  hands 
of  the  pul.lio — a  feet  that  speaks  well  for  the  young  men  of  our 
day." — Bri(is/t  Banner. 

Mr.  Fletcher  is  the  author  of  several  other  works. 

Fletcher,  AndreAV,  1653-1716,  a  son  of  Sir  Robert 
Fletcher,  of  Saltoun,  Scotland,  filled  several  political  posts 
of  importance,  and  was  distinguished  for  his  republican 
zeal.  He  pub.  discourses  on  the  Aflairs  of  Scotland,  on 
Government,  Speeches,  &c.  A  collection  of  his  Political 
Works  was  pub.,  Lon.,  1722,  Svoj  eds.  in  1732,  '37,  Svo; 
Glasg.,  1749.  12mo. 

'•A  zealous  asserter  of  the  liberties  of  the  people." 

This  work  contains  two  discourses  concerning  the  affairs 
of  Scotland,  written  in  1693. 

''  The  indignities  and  oppression  Scotland  lay  under  galled  him 
to  the  heart,  so  that  in  his  learned  and  elaborate  discourses  he  ex- 
posed them  with  und;iunted  courage  and  pathetic  eloquence." — 

LOCKHART. 

An  Essay  on  his  Life  and  Writings  was  pub.  by  the  Earl 
of  Buchan.  See  Buchas,  David.  See  Chambers's  Lives 
of  Iliust.  and  Dist.  Scotsmen.  A  notice  of  his  Works  will 
be  found  in  the  Retrosp.  Rev.,  iv.  100-115. 

"He  was  by  far  the  most  nervous  and  correct  speaker  in  the 
parliament  of  Scotland,  for  he  drew  his  style  from  the  pure  models 
of  antiquity,  and  not  from  the  grosser  practical  oratory  of  his  con- 
temporaries; so  that  his  speeches  will  bear  a  comparison  with  the 
best  speeches  of  the  reijrn  of  Queen  Anne,  the  Aujjustan  age  of 
Great  Britain." — Kvhl  or  BtrnAN. 

"  Ue  was  always  an  admirer  of  both  ancient  and  modern  repub- 


lics, but  showed  a  sincere  and  honest  inclination  towards  the 
honour  and  interest  of  his  country.'" — Lockhart. 

A  contemporary  writer  applauds  him  as 

"A  gentleman  steady  in  his  principles,  of  nice  honour,  with 
abundance  of  learning;  brave  as  the  sword  he  wears,  and  bold  as 
a  lion — a  sure  friend,  and  an  irreconcilable  enemy — would  lose 
his  life  readily  to  serve  his  country,  and  would  not  do  a  base  thing 
to  save  it." 

The  sentiment  of  the  last  clause  is  admirable,  and  pre- 
sents an  honourable  contrast  to  the  foolish  and  wicked 
maxim  of  "  Our  country  right  or  wrong."  Heaven  is 
always  in  the  right;  and  when  my  country  is  wrong,  I  lack 
either  principle  or  courage  if  I  refuse  or  fear  to  condemn 
her.  The  eternal  distinction  between  right  and  wrong  ia 
older  than  my  country  and  holier  than  my  prejudices. 

It  is  in  a  Letter  to  the  Marquis  of  Montrose,  Ac,  en- 
titled. An  Account  of  a  Conversation,  &c.,  Edin.,  1704,  Svo, 
that  occurs  a  celebrated  saying,  erroneously  ascribed  to 
the  Earl  of  Chatham : 

"  I  knew  a  very  wise  man  that  believed  that  if  a  man  were  per- 
mitted to  make  all  the  ballads,  he  need  not  care  who  should  make 
the  laws,  of  a  nation." 

Fletcher,  Anue.  Study  of  Hist,  rendered  Easy.  Lon., 
1800,  2  vols.  12mo.     In  association  with  Saud  F.  button. 

Fletcher,  Rev,  Anthony.  Certaine  very  proper  and 
most  profitable  similes.  Lon.,  1595,  4to,     A  religious  work. 

Fletcher,  Archibald.  1.  Reform  proposed  in  the 
Royal  Burghs,  Edin.,  1819,  Svo.  2.  Examination  rel.  to 
do..  1825.  Svo. 

Fletcher,  Benjamin.  His  Treaty  with  the  Indiana 
of  the  Five  Nations.  N.  York,  1694,  Svo. 

Fletcher,  C.     Estates  of  Trustees,  Lon.,  1835,  12mo. 

Fletcher,  Charles,  M.D.  1.  Maritime  State;  Health 
of  Seamen,  Dubl.,  17S6,  8vo.  2.  The  Cock-Pit;  a  Poem, 
1787.  4to.     3.  The  Naval  Guardian,  Lon..  ISOU,  2  vols.  Svo. 

Fletcher,  Chrii^tian.  Letters  and  Narrative  of  the 
Mutiny  on  Board  the  Bounty.  Lon.,  1796,  12mo. 

"This  rare  .and  curious  little  volume  is  quite  at  variance  with 
the  ordinary  account,  according  to  which  Christian  was  killed  by 
the  natives  soon  after  the  mutiny." 

Fletcher,  E.     Serm.,  1742. 

Fletcher,  Francis.  The  AVorld  encompassed  by  Sir 
Francis  Drake;  collected  out  of  his  Notes,  Lon.,  1628,  4to. 
See  Drake,  Sir  Francis. 

Fletcher,  George.  The  Nino  English  Worthies, 
&c.     See  Fletcher,  Robert. 

Fletcher,  Giles,  LL.D.,  d.  1610,  uncle  of  John  Flet- 
cher, the  dramatic  poet,  was  educated  at  King's  Coll.,  Camb. 
In  15SS  he  was  English  Ambassador  to  Russia,  and  on  his 
return  wrote  a  curious  account  Of  the  Russe  Common 
Wealth,  pub.  1590,  Svo.  It  was  promptly  suppressed  for 
fear  of  giving  offence  to  the  Russian  court.  It  was  re- 
printed in  1643,  12mo,  and  is  inserted,  somewhat  abridged, 
in  Hakluyt's  Navigations,  Voyages,  <fec.,  vol.  i.  2.  Israel 
Redux:  an  Essay  on  probable  grounds  that  the  Tartars 
are  the  posterity  of  the  X. Tribes.  Printed  with  an  Essay 
on  the  Jews,  by  Samuel  Lee,  1677,  12mo.  This  opinion 
was  adopted  by  Whiston,  who  printed  the  treatise  in  vol. 
i.  of  his  Memoirs. 

Fletcher,  Giles,  1588?-1623,  son  of  the  preceding, 
and  brother  of  Pbineas  Fletcher,  was  educated  at  Eton  and 
at  Trin.  Coll.,  Camb.,  and  on  taking  holy  orders  obtained 
the  living  of  Alderton,  Suffolk.  He  was  the  author  of  a 
poem  which  has  been  greatly  admired,  entitled,  Christ's 
Victory  and  Triumph  in  Heaven  and  Earth  over  and  after 
Death,  Camb.,  1610,  4to ;  1632,  '40.  Again,  in  1783,  Svo, 
with  Pbineas  Fletcher's  Purple  Island.  In  this  ed.  alte- 
rations have  been  made.  New  ed.,  1824,  from  the  ed.  of 
1610,  with  a  biog.  sketch  of  the  author. 

"  A  poem  rich  and  picturesque,  and  on  a  much  happier  subject 
than  that  of  his  brother,  [see  FLEicnER.  Phixeas,]  yet  unenlivened 
by  per.sonification." — Htadhy's  Self ct  Beauties  nf  Ancient  Eng.  I't-et. 

"Giles  seems  to  have  more  vigour  than  his  elder  brother,  but 
less  sweetness,  less  smoothness,  and  more  affectation  in  his  style. 
.  .  .  They  both  bear  much  resemblance  to  Spenser.  Giles  some- 
times ventures  to  cope  with  him,  even  in  celebrated  passages, 
such  as  the  description  of  the  Cave  of  Despair ;  and  he  has  had  the 
honour,  in  turn,  of  being  followed  by  Milton,  especially  in  the  first 
meeting  of  our  Saviour  with  Satan  in  the  Pai-adise  Ilegained.'" — 
HaUani's  Introduc.  to  Lit.  of  Europe. 

'•Giles,  inferior  as  he  is  to  Spenser  and  Milton.  mig:ht  be  figured, 
in  his  happiest  moments,  as  a  link  of  connection  in  our  poetry  be- 
tween those  congenial  spirits,  for  he  reminds  us  of  both,  and  evi- 
dently gave  hints  to  the  latter  in  a  poem  on  the  same  subject  with 
'Paradise  Regained.'" — Campbell's  Eng.  Poet. 

Anthony  Wood  tells  us  that  Giles  was 

"  Kiinally  beloved  of  the  muses  and  graces." — Athen.  Oron. 

Fletcher,  J.  P.,  Curate  of  South  Hampstead.  1.  Nar- 
rative of  a  Two  Years'  Residence  at  Nineveh,  1850,  2  vols, 
p.  Svo. 

'■It  forms  an  instructive  pendant  to  Mr.  Layard's  exclusively 
antiquaiian  researches." — John  Bull. 


FLE 


^  auiu- 
-Lon. 


2.  The  Autobiography  of  a  Mis,=ionarT,  185  j,  2  vols.  p.Svo, 

'■  We  conSL-ientiously  recommend  this  book,  as  well  for  it-- 

sins  character  as  for  the  spirit  it  displays  of  earnest  piety." 
Sta-iuhird.  .,  ,       ,         ,. 

Fletcher,  James,  1811-18.32.  of  London,  for  some 
time  assistant  in  a  school,  committed  suicide  in  a  fit  of 
temporary  insanity.  Chozar  and  Sela.  The  Siege  of  Da- 
mascus.    The  Gem,  and  other  Poems.     Hist,  of  Poland, 

Lon.,  1831.  Svo.  ,    .  ,  • 

"The  writer  of  this  History  has  brought  to  his  undertaking 
much  learning,  great  industry  and  patience  in  research,  and  tne 
most  unbiassed  candour."  »  .«„^ 

-The  literary  matter  is  well  enough  put  together  for  a  tempo- 
rary purpose,  being  intdligible  without  pretension  to  elegance.  — 
Ijm.  Lit  Oil.-.,  ,/u/ie  18.  1831. 

Fletcher,  James  C,  b.  1823,  at  Indianapolis  ;  grad. 
at  Brown  Univ.,  18-16;  studied  theology  at  Princeton,  and 
Geneva,  Switzerland.  Brazil  and  the  Brazilians,  Portrayed 
in  Historical  and  Descriptive  Sketches,  by  J.  C.  F.  and  D. 
P.  Kidder,  D.D.,Phi!a.,  1857, Svo;  illust.  See  Kidder.  D.  P. 
"It  is  certainly  a  remarkable  monument  of  research  and  nice 
observation  ''— \V.  H.  Pbescott.  the  historian. 

•■Brazil  wiia  never  before  so  fully,  so  faithfully,  30  artistically 
photographed." — London  Atlicnitum. 

Fletcher,  John.     See  BE.irMOST,  Francis. 

Fletcher,  John,  R.  Catholic  pastor  at  Underwood. 

1.  Select  Remains  of  E.  White,  with  Jlemoir.  1812,  Svo. 

2.  Serms.  on  Various  Religious  and  Jloral  Subjects,  for 
all  the  Sundays  after  Pentecost,  1812.  2  vols.  Svo. 

'■These  sermons  deserve  the  perusal  of  every  Protestant  and 
every  Catholic  who  thinks  seriously  on  the  subject  of  religion. 
Whoever  peruses  them  will  be  equally  charmed  with  their  mild, 
unambitious  eloquence,  their  pure  morality,  and  their  persuasive 
reasoDing."--CHAP.LES  Butler. 

?,  The  Catholic  Manual,  with  Observs.  and  Notes,  1S18. 
Fletcher,  John,  M.D.  1.  Rudiments  of  Physiology, 
in  3  Pts. ;  edited  by  R.  Lewins,  M.D.,  with  a  Memoir  of 
the  Author,  Lon.,  1837,  Svo.  2.  Elements  of  General  Pa- 
thology ;  edited  by  Drs.  Drvsdale  and  Russell.  1842,  p.  Svo. 
Fletcher,  or  Flechiere,  John  William,  172a- 
1785,  a  native  of  Nyon,  Switzerland,  received  orders  m 
the  Church  of  England  in  1757,  and  three  years  later  was 
presented  to  the  living  of  Madely  Salop.  He  was  closely 
associated  with  John  Wesley  in  his  labours,  and  was  a 
man  of  most  exemplary  character.  His  writings  were 
princip.ally  directed  against  Antinomianism  and  Calvinism. 
His  Portrait  of  St.  Paul  has  been  greatly  admired.  Works, 
1803,  8  vols.  12mo;  1806,  10  vols.  Svo.  Other  eds.,  7  vols. 
24mo;  2  vols.  Svo ;  7  vols.  12mo,  1S25.  Selections  from 
his  Works,  with  his  Life,  by  S.  Dunn,  London,  12mo. 
This  often  accompanies  the  collective  eds.  of  his  Works. 
See  bis  Life,  compiled  from  Wesley,  Gilpin,  his  own  Let- 
ters. Ac,  by  the  Rev.  J.  Benson,  11th  ed.,  1839,  24mo. 

"  Fletcher  was  a  man  of  heavenly  temper ;  a  saint  in  the  ancient 
and  high  sense  of  the  term,  whose  enthusiasm  was  entirely  in- 
imical with  bitterness,  and  whose  life  and  death  are  aUke  edilying." 
. — Loji.  Qwjir.  Rev, 

"  One  of  the  holiest  men  that  the  Christian  Church  has  seen  in 
modern  times.  His  works  contain  an  unanswerable  defence  of  the 
doctrine  of  original  sin,  and  of  the  Godhead  of  Christ:  several 
pieces  in  vindication  of  gener.al  redemption,  and  other  points  with 
■which  it  is  connected  ;  with  a  '  Portrait  of  St.  Paul,'  which  every 
minister  should  carefully  study.  His  writings  are  distinguished 
by  uncommon  clearness  and  strength  of  argument,  an  uninter- 
rupted flow  of  sacred  eloquence,  and  a  benevolence  of  temper  which 
has  seldom  been  equalled." — Dr.  WilU.ims's  C.  P. 
1.  "  No  age  or  country  has  ever  produced  a  man  of  more  fervent 

piety,  or  more  perfect  charity :  no  church  has  ever  possessed  a  more 
apostolic  minister." — Robert  Sootuet. 

Fletcher,  Joseph.  The  Historic  of  the  perfect- 
cursed-blessed  Man.  EvLF.  Lon.,  1629, 4to.  Very  rare. 
Nassau,  PL  1,1513,  £3  19«.    Bindley,  Pt.  2,  £23  2«. 

Fletcher,  Joseph,  D.D.,  1784-1843,  a  native 
Chester,  Minister  of  the  Independent  Church  at  Black- 
burn, 1807  :  at  Stepney,  1822.  His  Lectures  on  the  R. 
Catholic  Religion,  pub.  separately,  and  in  the  collective 
cd  of  his  works,  have  attained  great  celebrity.  Select 
Works  and  Memoirs.  Edited  by  the  Rev.  Joseph  Flet- 
cher, Jr.,  of  Lon.,  1S46,  3  vols.  Svo.  5th  ed.  of  the  Leo- 
tures  on  R.  C.  Religion,  Ac,  1850,  12mo. 

"The  late  Dr.  Fletcher's  Lectures  is  an  inestimable  work,  of 
which  I  congratulate  the  Christian  public  that  a  fifth  and  cheap 
edition  is  now  announced."— Z)r.  J.  Pi/e  Smith's  Reasons  of  the 
Prattstanl  Jldujion.  .,    ,  t      ,  .  ,  .j     t* 

"  It  is  the  best  work  on  the  subject  that  has  lately  appeared.  It 
is  exceedingly  well  written,  and  condenses  into  a  narrow  compass 
a  large  portion  of  valuable  information;  and  while  it  instructs  by 
its  scriptur.al  reasonings.it  edilies  by  its  warm  and  fiilightened 
piety      It  is  firm,  moderate,  and  candid." — Onnc's  Bibt.  Btb. 

"  From  a  settled  persuasion  that  Popery  is  a  system  of  impiety 
and  imposture,  we  feel  thankful  at  witnessing  any  judicious  at- 
tempt to  expose  its  enormities  and  retard  its  progress.  The  Lec- 
tures published  by  ilr.  Fletcher  are  well  adapted  to  this  purpose, 
and  eiitiile  their  author  to  the  esteem  and  gratitude  of  the  pul)- 
lic."— Kev.  Robekt  Uall. 
600 


FLE 

"  A  man  of  masculine  mind,  distinguished  for  his  powers  of 
ratiocination.  His  Sermons  are  most  carefully  prepared— lucid  in 
arrangement  and  correct  in  style.  Dr.  Fletcher  is  one  of  those  in 
whose  discourses  you  see  a  happy  union  of  superior  intellect  vvith 
the  most  accurate  views  of  evangelical  truth." — Metrcpoliian 
I'ulpit. 

Fletcher,  Philip,  Dean  of  Kildare.  Serms.  1759,  '63. 
Fletcher,  Phineas,  15S4?-1650?  a  brother  of  Giles 
Fletcher  the  younger,  and  cousin  of  Beaumont's  dramatic 
colleague,  was  educated  at  Eton,  and  King's  Coll.,  Camb. 
Like  his  brother  Giles,  he  was  a  divine  and  a  poet.  In 
1621  he  was  presented  to  the  living  of  Hilgay,  Norfolk,  and 
here  remained  until  his  death.  1.  The  Locustes,  or  Apoll- 
yonists,  Camh.,  1627,  4to.  Very  rare.  Bibl.  Anglo-Poet., 
272,  £9  9s.     This  is  a  caustic  satire  against  the  Jesuits. 

"The  great  Milton  is  s.aid  to  have  ingenuously  confessed  that 
he  owed  his  immortal  work  of  Paradise  Lost  to  Mr.  Fletcher's 
Locustje."— /'<•<'/.  to  Ktv.  J.  Slerlinr/'s  Poems. 

2.  Sicelides;  a  Dramatic  Piece,  1631.  3.  Comment,  on 
the  First  Psalm,  1632,  4to.  3.  Joy  in  Tribulation,  1632, 
sm.  Svo.  4.  The  Purple  Island,  or  the  Isle  of  Man :  toge- 
ther with  piscatorie  Eclogs,  .and  other  poetical  Miscella- 
nies, 1633,  4to.  Bibl.  Anglo-Poet.,  large  paper,  £10  10». 
Small-paper  copies  have  sold  at  from  £1  to  £2  12«.  It  was 
also  printed  with  Giles  Fletcher's  Christ's  Victory,  in  17S3, 
Svo.  New  ed.,  by  Wm.  Jacques,  1816,  Svo.  This  is  one 
of  the  most  remarkable  poems  in  the  language. 

" 'The  title  of  The  Purple  Island  is  most  attractive  and  most 
fallacious.'  If  a  reader  should  take  it  up,  (as  would  probably  be 
the  ca.se  with  those  ignorant  of  its  nature.)  with  the  expectation 
of  finding  some  delightful  story  of  romantic  fiction,  what  must  be 
his  disappointment  to  plunge  .■it  once  into  an  anatomical  lecture 
in  verse  on  the  human  frame — to  find  that  the  poet  had  turned 
topographer  of  an  island  founded  upon  human  bones,  with  veins 
for  its  thousand  small  brooks,  and  arteries  for  its  larger  streams; 
and  that  the  mountains  and  valleys  with  which  it  is  diversified 
are  neither  more  nor  less  than  the  inequalities  and  undulations  of 


of 


this  microcosm  ?  He  might  perhaps  persevere  through  the  whole 
of  the  second  canto,  in  the  continued  hope  that  it  would  soon  be 
over;  but  when  he  had  achieved  this  t^isk,  and  found  that  he  had 
only'made  one  quarter  of  the  suriey.  he  must  of  necessity  be  con- 
strained to  lay  it  down  in  despair." — Jidrosp.  Hev..  ii.  312,  1820. 

But  if  be  should  thus  "  lay  it  down  in  despair,"  he  would 
be  greatly  the  loser :  for — to  quote  one  of  the  most  emi- 
nent of  English  critics — 

"After  describing  the  body,  he  proceeds  to  personify  the  passions 
and  intellectual  faculties.  'The  fatigued  attention  is  not  merely 
relieved,  hut  fascinated  and  enraptured:  and, notwithstanding  his 
figures,  in  many  instances,  are  too  arbitrary  and  fantastic  in  their 
habiliments,  often  disproportioned  and  overdone,  sometimes  lost 
in  a  superfluity  of  glaring  colours,  and  the  several  characters,  in 
general,  by  no  means  sutficieutly  kept  apart ;  yet,  amid  such  a 
profusion  of  images,  many  are  distinguished  by  a  boldness  of  out- 
line, a  m.ajesty  of  manner,  a  brilliancy  of  colouring,  a  distinctness 
and  propriety  of  attribute,  and  an  air  of  life,  that  we  look  for  in 
vain  in  modern  productions,  and  that  rival,  if  not  surpa.ss.  what 
we  meet  with  of  the  kind  even  in  Spenser,  from  whom  our  author 
caught  his  inspiration.  After  exerting  his  creative  powers  on  (his 
department  of  the  subject,  the  virtues  and  better  qualities  of  the 
heart,  under  their  leader  Edecta.  or  Intellect,  are  attacked  by  the 
vices :'  a  battle  ensues,  and  the  latter  are  vanquished,  after  a  vigor- 
ous opposition,  through  the  interference  of  an  angel,  who  appears 
at  the  pr.ayer  of  Eclecta.  The  poet  here  abruptly  takes  an  oppor- 
tunity of  paying  a  fulsome  and  unpardonable  compliment  to  James 
the  First,  (canto  xii.  stanza  65:1  on  that  account,  perhaps,  the 
most  unpalatable  passage  in  the  book.  From  Fletchers  dedication 
of  this  his  poem,  with  his  Piscatory  Eclogues  and  Miscellanies,  to 
his  friend  Kdmund  Beulowes.  it  seems  that  they  were  written 
very  early,  as  he  calls  them  '  raw  essays  of  my  very  unripe  years, 
and  almost  childhood.'  ..,,,. 

"It  is  to  his  honour  that  Milton  read  and  imit.lted  him.  as 
every  attentive  reader  of  both  poets  must  soon  discover.  He  is 
eminently  entitled  to  a  very  high  rank  among  our  old  English 
chissics."— iJrarf/cy's  Sdtct  ISeautits  of  AnrJetd  Eng.  Poet. 

In  the  Supplement  to  his  second  volume,  Hcadley  de- 
votes a  chapter  to  show  how  much  Fletcher  was  indebted 
to  Spenser,  and  Milton  to  Fletcher.  In  the  ne.\t  chapter 
he  proves  Milton's  obligations  to  Giles  Fletcher's  Christ's 
Victory.  This  fact  we  have  alreaily  referred  to.  See 
Fletcher,  Giles.  It  deserves  to  be  noticed  that  Francis 
Quarlos  inscribes  his  stanzas  of  three  lines  each,  prefixed 
to  Phineas  Fletcher's  Piscatorie  Eclogues,  &■<:..  "  To  my 
dear  Friend,  the  Spencer  of  this  age."  The  leaf  of  verses 
is  frequently  wanting ;  collectors,  therefore,  should  care- 
fully examine  copies  ofi'ered  for  their  inspection. 

Warton  refers  to  The  Purple  Island  in  but  faint  terms 
of  commendation,  and  the  further  that  criticism  has  been 
removed  from  the  conceits  which  distinguish  the  age  of 
the  poem,  the  less  indulgence  has  been  displayed  to  the 
peculiarities  of  the  author.  .... 

•■Through  five  cantos  the  reader  is  regaled  with  nothing  but 
alle-orical  anatomy,  in  the  details  of  which  Phineas  seems  tole- 
rabfy  skilled,  evincing  a  great  deal  of  ingenuity  in  diversifying 
hi»  met.anhors.  and  in  presenting  the  delineation  of  his  imaginary 
isl'uul  with  as  much  justice  as  possible  to  the  allegory  without 
ol.irndiTig  it  on  the  reader's  view.  In  the  sixth  canto  he  rises  to 
the  intellectual  and  moral  fiiculties  of  the  soul,  which  occupy  tha 


FtJB' 


FLI 


re5t  nf  the  poem.  From  its  nature  it  is  insuperably  wearisome; 
yet  his  lanirua^e  is  often  very  poetical,  bis  versification  harmo- 
uious,  his  invention  fertile.  But  the  perpetual  monotony  of  ale- 
(rorical  persons  which  somi-times  displeases  us  even  in  Spenser,  is 
seldom  relieved  in  Fletcher;  the  understanding  revolts  at  the 
confused  crowd  of  inconceivable  beings,  iti  a  philosophical  poem; 
and  the  justness  of  analotty,  which  had  given  us  some  pleasure  in 
the*  anatomical  cantos,  is  lost  in  tedious  descriptions  of  all  possible 
moral  qualities,  each  of  them  personified,  which  can  never  co-exist 
in  the  Purple  Island  of  oue  individual." — Hallam's  InlrodiiC.  to 
Lit  of  Eumpe. 

5.  Piscatory  Eclogues,  with  other  Poetical  Miscellanies, 
with  Notes  by  W.  Tytler,  Lord  Woodhouselee.  E<Iiu.,  1771, 
8vo  A  correct  ed.  6.  Sylva  Poetica,  Autore  P.  F.,  Can- 
tab., 1633,  8vo.  7.  De  Literis  antiqute  Britaunite,  Regi- 
Ijus  I  rffisertim  (jui  Doctrina  clarueruiit,  quique  Collegia 
Cantibrigiae  fundarunt,  1653,  12mo.  8.  A  Father's  Testa- 
ment, 1670,  8vo. 

M'ood  tells  us  that  at  King's  College  Phincas  Fletcher 
was  '^'accounted  an  excellent  poet;"  and  good  old  Izaak 
Waltofi  paid  him  a  twofold  compliment,  than  which  he 
knew  no  higher,  when  he  declared  him  to  be 

"An  excellent  divine  and  an  excellent  anyler." 

The  brothers  refer  to  each  other's  works,  and  their  merits 
have  often  been  compared.  See  Fletcher,  Giles.  It 
would  not  be  difficult  to  continue  these  comparisons,  but 
a  few  lines  must  conclude  an  article  already  sufficiently 
extended : 

"They  were  both  the  disciples  of  gpenser.  and.  with  his  diction 
gently  modernis^-d,  retained  much  of  his  melody  and  luxuriant 
expression.  Giles's  'Christ's  Victory  and  Triumph'  has  a  tone  of 
enthusiasm  peculiarly  solemn.  Phineas,  with  a  livelier  fancy,  had 
a  worse  taste.  Ue  lavished  on  a  bad  subject  the  graces  and  inge- 
nuity that  would  have  made  a  fine  poem  on  a  good  design.  .  .  . 
These  incongruous  conceptions  are  clothed  in  harmony,  and  inter- 
spersed with  beautiful  thoughts:  but  natuml  sentiments  and 
agreeable  imagery  will  not  incorporate  with  the  shapeless  features 
of  such  a  design.  They  stand  apart  from  it  like  thiu|i;s  of  a  differ- 
ent element,  and.  when  they  occur,  only  expose  its  deformity. 
On  the  contraiy.  in  the  brother's  poem  of  'Christ's  Triumph,'  its 
main  effect,  though  somewhat  sombrous.  is  not  marred  by  such 
repulsive  contrasts.  Its  beauties,  therefore,  will  tell  in  relieving 
tedium,  and  reconciling  us  to  defects." — Campbdl's  Engliih  Poetry. 
"Both  of  these  brothers  are  deserving  of  much  praise.  They 
were  endowed  with  minds  eminently  poetical,  and  not  inferior  in 
imagination  to  any  of  their  contemporaries;  but  an  injudicious 
taste,  and  an  excessive  fondness  for  a  style  which  the  public  was 
rapidly  abandoning — that  of  allegorical  personification — prevented 
their  powers  from  being  effectually  displayed." — Hallani's  Lit.  Hist, 
of  Europe. 

"It  grieves  me  to  think,"  says  Hervey.  "that  these  pieces 
rChrisfs  Victory  and  the  Purple  Island]  should  be  lost  to  the 
world,  and  be  forever  buried  in  obscurity.  'The  Purple  Island' 
abounds  with  picturesque,  useful,  and  striking  sentiments." 

Fletcher,  R.  1.  Radius  Heliconicus;  or,  The  Reso- 
lution of  a  free  State,  1650,  fol.  2.  Trans,  of  Martial's 
Epigrams,  1656,  8vo. 

Fletcher,  Ral.  A  Few  Notes  on  Cruelty  to  Animals ; 
or,  The  Inadequacy  of  Penal  Law;  on  General  Hospitals 
for  Animals,  (fee,  Lon.,  1846,  8vo. 

Fletcher,  Richard.  1.  First  Steps  to  Medical  Sub- 
jects, in  Latin,  Lon.,  12mo.  2.  Influence  of  a  Troubled 
Mind  on  Health,  Svo.  3.  Medico-Chirurgical  Notes  and 
Illustrations,  4to. 

Fletcher,  Robert.  1.  Introduc.  to  the  Love  of  God, 
&c.,  Lon.,  1531,  Svo.  2.  Solomon's  Song  trans,  into  Eng- 
lish verse,  1586.  3.  Epitaph,  1603,  4to.  4.  The  Nine  Eng- 
lish Worthies,  Lon.,  1606,  4to.  pp.  72.  This  is  an  historical 
register  of  the  English  royal  Henrys,  kings  and  princes,  in 
prose  and  verse.  Very  rare.  Bibl.  Anglo-Poet.,  276,  £35. 
Bindley,  Pt.  2,  1100,  £37  16s.     Hibbert,  3095,  £7  10«. 

Fletcher,  Robert.  Works  on  medicine  and  chemis- 
try, Lon.,  1074.  '76,  '79,  all  Svo. 

Fletcher,  Miss  S.     Gabrielle  et  Augustina,  1811. 

Fletcher,  Snmuel.     Enamel  Painting,  1803,  Svo. 

Fletcher,  Thomas.     Poems  and  Trans.,  1692,  Svo. 

Fletcher,  Thomas,     Serm.,  Dubl.,  1745,  '46,  4to. 

Fletcher,  Wm.,  LL.D.,  Dean  of  Kildare.  20  Serms., 
1772. 

Fleury,  Maria  de.  1.  Henry;  a  Poem,  Lon.,  17S9, 
8po.  2.  Antinomianism  Unmasked  and  Refuted,  1791,  Svo. 
3.  Divine  Poems  and  Essays  on  Several  Subjects,  1791,  Svo. 

Flexman,  Roger,  D.D.,  1708-1795,  a  Dissenting 
minister,  a  native  of  Devonshire,  pub.  Miscellanies,  1752; 
Serms.,  1752-74  ;  edited  Burnet's  Own  Times,  1753,  4  vols. 
Svo;  wrote  several  biographies,  and  aided  in  the  prepara- 
.  ♦ion  of  the  General  Index  to  the  Journals  of  the  House  of 
Commons.  He  also  made  an  index  to  The  Rambler,  and 
to  some  other  works.  The  maker  of  a  good  index  is  no 
'gnoble  philanthropist.  See  ATScorrrH.  Samuel.  Dr. 
Johnson  did  not  entirely  approve  of  Flexman's  Index  to 
The  Rambler.  When  his  name  was  once  mentioned  before 
the  lexicographer,  he  thus  vented  his  indignation: 


"Let  me  hear  no  more  of  him,  Pir !  That  is  the  fellow  who  mad« 
the  Index  toniy  Ramblers,  and  set  down  the  name  of  Milton  thus: 
— Milton.  3/r.  John." 

Flindall,  Johu  Morris,     Amateur's   Pocket  Com-       ^ 
paniou;  describing  rare  portraits  and  works,  Lon.,  1813, 
12mo.     2.  Family  Assistant. 

Flinders,  Captain  Matthew,  d.  1814.  an  English 
Navigator.  Voyage  to  Terra  Australis  in  1801-03,  Lon., 
1S14,  2  vols.  4to,  and  Atlas;  some  on  large  pnper. 

"The  intrinsic  worth  of  these  truly  seientitic  volumes  must  not 
be  measured  by  their  pecuniary  value,  for  I  have  known  a  well- 
bound  copy,  in  calf,  sell  for  only  £5  los.  W." — Dibdin's  Lib.  Comp^ 
See  a  review  in  Lim.  Quar.  Rev,,  xii.  1,  by  Sir  Jno.  Barrow. 

Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1S05.  "06. 

F^linders,  Matthew.     Con.  to  Mem.  Med.,  1799. 

Fliun,  Andrew,  D.D.,  d.  ]S2U,  minister  of  Charles- 
ton, S.  C.     Serm.,  ISIO.     Do.,  1811. 

Flint,  Austin,  M.D.  1.  Clinical  Reports  on  Con- 
tinued Fever.  Buffalo,  1853,  Svo.  2.  Physical  Exploration 
and  Diagnosis  of  Diseases  Affecting  the  Respiratory  Or- 
gans. Phila..  1856,  Svo. 

Flint,  Charles  L.  The  Agriculture  of  Massachusetts, 
as  shown  in  the  Returns  of  the  Agricultural  Societies,  Bost., 
lS53-5(.  2  vols.  Svo.  Treatise  on  (irasses  and  Forage 
Piant«.  X.  York.  1857,  12mo.    Dair\  Farming.  Bost.,  1859. 

Flint,  (ieorge.     Robin's  last  shift,  Part  1.  1717.  Svo. 

F'lint,  Henry,  d.  1760,  aged  S4,  tutor  in  Harvard 
Cull.,  1705-54.  educated  many  pupils  who  subsequently 
attained  eminence.  He  pub.  occasional  serms.,  1729,  '36, 
and  a  vol.  containing  20  Serms.,  1739,  8vo. 

Flint,  Rev.  James.     Serms.,  Boston,  1852,  12mo. 

Flint,  James.   Letters  from  America,  Edin.,  1822,  Svo. 

Flint,  Micah  P.,  a  son  of  the  Rev.  Timothy  Flint, 
was  the  author  of  a  vol.  entitled  The  Hunter,  and  other 
Poems;  and  pub.  a  number  of  pieces  in  periodicals. 

Flint,  Rev,  Timothy,  1780-1840.  father  of  the  pre- 
ceding, a  native  of  Reading,  Massachusetts,  after  gradua- 
ting at  Harvard  College,  became  minister  of  the  Congre- 
gational Church  in  Lunenburg,  in  the  county  of  Worces- 
ter, where  he  remained  until  1S14.  In  1815  he  became  a 
missionary  for  the  Valley  of  the  Mississippi,  and  in  the 
discharge  of  his  itinerant  duties  acquired  that  extensive 
knowledge  of  the  country  and  of  the  people  which  we  find 
displayed  to  such  advantage  in  his  Recollections  and  Geo- 
graphy and  History  of  the  Mississippi  Valley.  After  ten 
years,  spent  in  preaching  and  teaching  school,  he  returned 
to  the  Xurthern  States.  In  1S33  he  edited  several  num- 
bers of  the  Knickerbocker  Mag.,  and  was  subsequently 
editor  for  three  years  of  The  Western  Monthly  Mag. 

1.  Recollections  of  Ten  Years  passed  in  tlie  Valley  of 
the  Mississippi,  Boston,  1826,  Svo;  2d  ed.,  1S31,  Svo. 

•'With  obvious  faults,  Mr.  Flint's  style  is  marked  hy  counter- 
vailinfi  excellences,  being  lively,  flowing,  often  vigorous,  and,  in 
general,  quite  unaffected;  but  this  is  a  secondary  merit.  These 
pages  n-tlect  a  sincere,  humane,  and  liberal  character,  a  warm  and 
gentle  heart,  and  hardly  even  a  prejudice  that  is  not  amiable.'" — 
Lo7i.  Quar.  Ifev.,  xlviii.  201. 

"  One  valuable  effect  of  the  work  among  us  will  be  to  allay  local 
jealousies,  soften  prejudices,  correct  misapprehensions,  and  divest 
the  Western  character  of  many  untavourable  associations  with 
which  it  has  been  too  long  connected  in  this  quarter,  and  to 
strengthen  sentiments  of  mutual  esteem  between  the  people  of  the 
Past  and  West.'' — iV.  AituT.  Rev.,  xxiii.  359.  See  also  Amer. 
Month.  Kev..  iv.  460. 

2.  Francis  Berrian;  or.  The  Mexican  Patriot,  1826. 
This  ''purports  to  be  the  autobiography  of  a  New  Eng- 
land adventurer,  who  acted  a  conspicuous  part  in  the  first 
Mexican  revolution,  and  in  the  overthrow  of  Iturbide." 
See  Griswold's  Prose  Writers  of  America. 

3.  A  Condensed  Geography  and  History  of  the  Western 
States  in  the  Mississippi  Valley,  Cin.,  1S2S,  2  vols.  Svo; 
2d  ed.,  1832,  2  vols.  Svo. 

Mr.  Ward  remarks  that  this  work  is  interesting  and  in- 
structive, though  written  in  "a  most  uncouth  style."  See 
Ward's  Mexico  in  1827. 

4.  Arthur  Clenning;  a  Novel,  Phila.,  1828,  2  vols.  12mo. 
S.George  Jlason,  the  Young  Backwoodsman;  a  Novel. 
6.  The  Shoshonee  Vallev;  a  Romance,  Cin.,  1830,  2  vols. 
12mo.  7.  Indian  Wars  "in  the  West,  1833,  12mo.  8.  Lec- 
tures on  Nat.  Hist.,  Geology,  Chemistry,  and  the  Arts, 
Bost.,  1S33,  12mo.  See  a  Review  in  Amer.  Month.  Rev., 
iii.  261.  9.  Trans,  of  Droz's  L'art  d'etre  heureuse,  with 
addits.  by  the  translator.  10.  Trans,  of  Celibacy  Van- 
quished: or,  The  Old  Bachelor  Reclaimed,  Phila.,  1S34, 
12mo.  11.  Biograpb.  Mem.  of  Daniel  Boone,  the  first 
settler  of  Kentucky,  Cin.,  1834^  ISmo.  In  1S35  Mr.  Flint 
contributed  to  the  London  Athenaeum  a  series  of  sketches 
of  the  Literature  of  the  United  States. 

Flint,  Wm.  A  Treatise  on  the  Breeding,  Training, 
and  Managing  of  Horses,  Hull,  1815,  Svo. 

607 


FLI 


Flintoff,  Owen.  1.  Rise  and  Progress  of  the  Laws 
of  Ent'land  and  Wales,  Lon.,  1839,  8vo.  This  work  should 
accouTpanV  John  Keeve's  Hist,  of  the  Eng.  Law.  2.  Intro- 
duc.  to  Conveyancing,  1840,  Svo.  This  is  a  new  ed.  of 
the  2d  vol.  of  Blackstone's  Comment.,  adapted  to  the  pre- 
sent state  of  the  English  Law.  3.  Law  of  Real  Property, 
1839  '40,  2  vols.  Svo.  An  excellent  work.  The  M  vol. 
is  an  enlarged  edit,  of  his  Conveyancing.  The  works  ol 
Mr   Flintoff  occupy  the  first  place  among  legal  treatises. 

Flloyd,  or  Floyd,  Thomas.  1.  Bibliotheca  Bio- 
graphical A  Synopsis  of  Universal  Bj^g^Pl^y;  """^"^ 
and  modern,  Lon.,  1760,  3  vols.  Svo.  2.  Chronol.  Tables 
of  Univ.  Hist,  1762,  2  vols.  Svo. 

Flood,  Rt.  Hon.  Henry,  d.  1791,  a  distinguished 
orator  of  the  Irish  House  of  Commons,  wrote  some  poetical 
pieces,  put,,  in  the  O.xford  Collection,  and  Pub.  some 
Speeches,  1787,  Ac.  Uis  Life  and  Corresp.,  by  W.  Flood, 
appeared  in  1S3S,  Lon.,  Svo. 
Flood,  Robert.  See  FurrD. 
Florence  of  Worcester,  d.  1118,  a  monk  of  great 
erudition,  was  the  first  chronicler  who  wrote  in  England 
after  the  Norman  Conquest.  Chronicon  ex  Chronicis  ab 
Initio  Mundi  vsque  a<l  annum  Domini  1118  deductum. 
Accessit  etiam  Continuatio  vsq.  ad  Annum  Christi  1141, 
Lon  1592  4to.  The  continuation  is  anonymous.  Ke- 
printed,  etc.,  Francf.,  1601,  fnl. ;  and  see  Collection  of 
Historians  edited  by  order  of  the  Record  Commission,  vol. 
i    pp.  622-615 ;  615-644. 

"  Leland  fives  an  exagRerated  estimate  of  his  character.  His 
chronicle  is  little  better  than  a  compilatiun  from  the  Chronicle  of 
Marianus  Scotus,  and  from  the  Saxon  Chrnnicle.  The  part  wh  ch 
relates  to  our  own  island  is  almost  a  literal  translation  from  the 
L  ter  work.  An  anonymous  continuation  of  the  chronicle  of 
Florence  from  lllS  to  1141  is  of  much  greater  value  than  the  chTO- 
nicleitsclf— ir/itfM'si'Msr.  »■/(.  ill. 

Florian,  John.  1.  Human  Knowledge,  Lon.,  1796 
Svo  2.  Guide  to  the  Hist,  of  Eng.,  ISOl,  '04.  Svo.  3.  Lect. 
on  the  Sciences  and  Philos.,  1806,  2  vols.  Svo. 
Florilegus.  See  Matthew  of  Westminster. 
Florio,  John,  the  Resolute— for  so  he  styled  himself 
— d  16''5  was  a  native  of  London,  but  a  descendant  of 
the  Florii  of  Sienna.  He  took  great  delight  in  philology, 
and  offended  the  less  scrupulous  dramatists  of  the  d.ay  by 

'^''"The"plaies''that  they  do  plaie  in  England,  are  neither  ri^if 
cmacdif !,  nor  rigM  tragedies ;  but  representations  ot  hiUul  us  with- 

""sSkspMrTretaliated  this  assault  by  ridiculing  Florio 
in  his  character  of  Holofernes,  the  Schoolmaster  in  Love  s 

"  The''character  of  Holofernes,  however,  while  it  caricatures  the 
noculiar  fully  and  ostent;ition  of  Florio,  holds  up  to  ridicule,  at  the 
same  toe  the  general  pedantry  and  literary  affect.,tions  of  the 
ag"  and  amongst  these,  very  particularly  the  absurd  .i.uo>^tons 
wbich  Lilly  had  iutroduced."-flra;.<;'s  ShaksjKan  and  Ins  nmts. 
1  Florio  his  first  Fruites :  which  yeelde  familiar  Speech, 
mcrie  Prouerbes,  wittie  Sentences,  and  golden  sayings. 
Also  a  perfect  Introduction  to  the  Italian  and  English 
Tongues,  Lon.,  1578,  '91,  4to.  2.  Dialogues  of-  Grammar, 
Italian  and  English,  1578.  3.  Florios  Second  Frvtes  to 
be  gathered  of  twelvo  trees,  and  his  Garden  of  Recreation 
yielding  six  thousand  Italian  Proucrbs,  1591,  Svo.  4.  A 
Worlde  of  Wordcs  ;  or  most  copious  and  exact  Diclionarie, 
in  Italian  and  English,  1597,  '98,  fol.  W.arton  (Hist,  ot 
Eno-  Poet.)  says  that  the  first  ed.  was  in  1595.  but  we  pre- 
fer "the  authority  of  Wood.  Augmented,  .and  piil>- "ud" 
the  title  of  Queen  Anne's  New  World  of  Words,  Ibll,  fol. 
New  ed..  enlarged  by  Gio.  Torriano,  1659,  fol.     Even  the 

ed.  of  1611  .       ,,  ,     , 

"For  the  variety  of  words  was  far  more  copious  than  any  extant 
in  the  world  at  that  lime."— ^IWiCTi.  Ojoti. 

5.  Trans,  into  Eng.  of  the  Essays  of  Michael,  Lord  of 
Montaigne,  1603,  '13,  '32,  fol.  ,     .  ,        ,  . 

"The  independence  of  his  [Montaigne's]  mind  produces  great 
nart  of  the  charm  of  his  writings;  it  redeems  his  vanity,  without 
Vhich  it  could  not  have  been  so  fully  displayed,  or,  perhaps,  so 
Dowerfully  felt.  In  an  age  of  literary  servitude,  when  every  pro- 
vince into  which  reflection  could  wander  was  occupied  by  some 
desnot;  when,  to  s.ay  nothing  of  theology,  men  found  Aristotle, 
L'lpian.  or  Hippocrates,  at  every  turning  to  dict;ite  their  road,  it 
was  gralifviug  to  fall  in  company  wilh  a  simple  gentlenian  who, 
with  much  more  reading  than  generally  belonged  to  bis  class,  had 
the  spirit  to  ask  a  reason  for  every  rule.' —i/<i««»>l  s  ill.  aist.  oj 

"e'^Trans.  of  A  Narration  rol.  to  Nauigation,  &c.  to  Nowe 
Frauncc;  from  Kamutius,  1580,  4to.     Soo  Bliss's  Wood's 

Athen.  Oxon.  .       „     .■         c 

Ramnsio  was  the  editor  of  the  excellent  collection  ot 

Navigation  e  Viaggi,  maps  and  plates,  3  vols,  fob,  Venetia, 

Giunta,  1588-83-56.  „.i  „„,j-„„i 

"  lUimusio'8  collection  of  Voyages  and  Travels,  the  "lO^   P«rf'-<=' 

worker  that  nature  in  any  language  whatsoever;  containing  all 
603 


FLO 

the  Clscoveries  to  the  Ea.st,  West,  North  and  South;  with  full 
descriptions  of  all  the  countries  discovered;  judiciously  compiled, 
and  ftee  from  that  great  mass  of  useless  matter  which  swells  our 
Kngli-h  Hacklnvt  and  Purchas;  much  more  complete  and  full 
than  the  Latin  Ue  Bry,  and.  in  fine,  the  noblest  work  of  this  na, 

Floris,  Pet.  Williamson.  Journal  of  l"y>yfS« 
to  the  Bast  Indies.  See  Purchas's  Pilgrimes,  p.  319  ;  1625. 

Flower.  Heraldic  Visitation  of  the  County  Palatine 
of  Durham  in  1575,  edited  by  Philipson,  Newc,  1820,  fol. 
100  copies  on  small  and  20  copies  on  Large  paper. 

"This  is  the  first  instance  of  a  heraldic  visiUition  being  made 
public  by  means  of  the  press."  <•  m   t 

A  few  copies  only  were  printed,  at  the  expense  ot  IN.  J. 

Philipson.  .  ikao    s. 

Flower,  Benj.     French  Constitution,  i-c.,li9J,  <tc. 
Flower,  Christopher.     Serms.,  1660,  '66,  '69. 
Flower,  Henry.  Gout  and  Rheumatism,  Lon.,  iTOb, 

"  A  mere  quack  advertisement." — BM.  Brit. 

Flower,  John.    Serm.,  1669.  4to. 

Flower,   Richard.     Beer  and  Brewers,  1802,  Svo. 
Alleges  the  malt  tax  to  be  impolitic  and  unjust.     If  Eng- 
land would  abolish  her  "beer  and  brewers  altogether, 
she  would  be  greatly  benefited.      Intemperance    is    the 
irreatest  foe  which  a  country  can  cherish  in  her  bosom. 

FloAVer,  Richard.     1.  Letters  from  Lexington  and 
the  Illinois,  Lon.,  1819,  Svo.     Written  in  June  and  Au- 

^"?Thl  writer  appears  to  have  been  free  from  the  usual  English 
prejudfces.  and  speaks  weU  of  the  country  and  its  mhablt.anls.  - 

*2'"Letter1'"from''The  Hlincis,  [1820,  '21,]  1 822.  With  a 
Letter  from  Mr.  Birkbeck.  and  a  pref.  and  notes  by  Benj. 
Flower.     See  a  review  in  Lon.  Quar.Rev.,  xxvii.  1 1- 
Flower,  Robert  T.    The  Radix  ;  Logarithms,  1/71. 
Flower,  Thomas.     Serm.,  1754,  ic. 
Flower,  Rev.  W.  B.     1.  Sunday  Eve  Musings  and 
other  Poems,  Lon.,  1843,  cr.  Svo.     2.  Classical  Tales  and 
Legends,  1847.  ISmo.    3.  Reading  Lessons  for  the  Higher 
Chasses  in  Grammar  and  other  schools,  1848,  12mo.  Com- 
mended by  the  Archbp.  of  Canterbury   the  Bps.  of  Lon- 
don, Exeter,  Lichfield.  Ac.     4.  Tales  ol  Faith  and  Provi- 
dence, 1S49,  ISmo.     Theolog.  Treatises,  lS4i-5-. 
Flower,  Wm.     Sliding  Rule,  Lon.,  1 1 bS,  8vo. 
Flowerdew,  \.     Poems,  1803,  Svo  ;  3d  ed.,  1311. 
Flowerdew,  D.  C.     Orders  in  Court,_1807. 
Flowre,  John.     Church  of  Christ,  16dS,  12mo. 
Floyd,  Edward.     Locusts  in  Wales;  Spontaneous 
Combustion  of  Hay  Stacks.  Ac,  Phil.  Trans    1694. 

Floyd,  John,  an  Englishman,  visited  the  Continent, 
became  a  Jesuit  in  1593,  and  returned  to  England  as  a 
missionary.  He  pub.  several  controversial  tracts  against 
ChiUin-worth,  Crashaw,  Hobl),  and  other  Protestants, 
1612-37.     See  Dodd's  Ch.  Hist.;  Bibl.  Brit. 

Floyd,  Thomas.     Perfit  Commonwealth,  1600. 
Floyd,  Thomas.    See  Fllovd. 
FloyeJ,  Sir  John,  Knt.,  M.D.,  1649-1734,  a  native 
of  Hiuters,  Staffordshire,  educated  at  Oxford,  was  noted 
for  his  zeal  (a  most  laudable  one)  in  promoting  the  gene- 
ral use  of  the  cold  bath.     He  pub.  several  professiona 
works-Touchstone  of  Medicine,  Lon.,  1687,  f  vols  Svo 
works  on  Baths,  on  Asthma;  a  Comment,  on  42  Histonea 
described  by  Hippocrates,  1726,  Svo,   Ac;   Two  E^say., 
1717,  Svo,  and  the  following  curious  vol.: 

The  Sibylline  Oracles— trans,  from  the  best  Greek  Co- 
pies and  compared  with  the  Sacred  Prophecies,  especially 
with  David  and  the  Revelations,  and  with  as  much  history 
as  plainly  shows  that  many  of  the  Sibyl  s-  predictions  are 
exactly  fulfilled.     With  Answers  to  the  Objections  made 

''^  LTe'  he"'En^i;.f  translation  of  the  Sibylline  Oracles 
and  i  curious  not  only  -  a  version  of  these  ^'''f^-y}''^^;';^::^:; 
hi,!  as  it  fnrnishes  a  toleriiblv  accurate  account  of  the  controvcisy 
r"spectin"t™tb  and  authenticity,  of  which  Sir  John  appears 
tobavebeenafirml*lievcr."-Orm«siJ.W.  ii6.  ,.p.,a„„ 

The  name  of  Floyer  will  strike  P^^-^  "^  °".  "f "' 
pleasantly,  for  it  will  remind  them  o  <'Y,,^l'f,Zn£l: 
Johnson  It  was  by  Floyer's  advice  that  the  Inlant  Her 
cnlos"  was  sent  to  London  to  be  touched  by  Queen  Anno 
for  the  King's  Evil,  and  Johnson  vm„r 

"  A  very  short  time  before  his  death  strongly  P''"^*"!, '!■;  *;'^\'"e 

Johnson  was  labouring  under  the  same  ailment,  he  reters 

to  the  experience  of  the  P^'^'^'"-','.';."/ .  .^^  jo,„,F,„ver.  whom 

"  Nor  di-s  it  lay  dose  siege  to  "'''■'"^'"'^/'.^"'^"'t  books  upon 


FLO 


FOL 


havp  been  older  than  he  claimed  to  be.]" — Letter  to  Langton,  March 
27.  1784. 

'■I  am  now  looking  into  Fl oyer,  who  lived  with  his  asthma  to 
about  his  ninetieth  year." — Letter  to  Dr.  Brockteshy,  July  20, 1784. 

But  in  less  than  five  months  the  ''  mourners  went  about 
the  streets"  for  one  who  was  so  short  a  time  before  clinging 
with  such  tenacity  to  the  remains  of  life! 

Floyer,  Phil.  The  Proctor's  Practice  in  the  Eccles. 
Courts,  2<I  ed..  eiihirgea  by  Thos.  Wright.  Lon.,  1746,  8vo. 

Fiuilcl,  Robert,  M.D.,  or  tie  Fliictibus,  surnamed 
"The  Searciicr,"  from  bis  invcstigntiuns  in  philosophy, 
medicine,  mathematics,  Ac,  15r4-16o7,  was  devoted  to  oc- 
cult sciences,  and  "compounded  into  a  new  mass  of  ab- 
surdity all  the  mysterious  and  incomprehensible  dreams 
of  the  Caljli;ilist^  and  Paracelsiaus."  lie  was  a  native  of 
Bearstead,  Kent,  was  educated  at  St.  John's  Coll.,  Oxf ,  and 
afterwards  spent  six  years  in  travelling  in  Europe.  As  a 
physician  he  attained  great  eminence.  He  wrote  treatises 
on  alchemy,  philosophy, medicine,  theology,  Ac.,  "mostly 
written  in  Latin,  and  as  dark  and  mysterious  in  their  lan- 
guage as  in  their  matter."  See  a  list  in  Athen.  Oxon.  A 
collective  edit,  of  his  works  was  pub.  in  6  vols.  foL,  Op- 
penh.  et  Goud.  To  be  complete,  there  should  be  17  parts. 
See  Cat.  do  la  Valliere,  No.  1784:;  Lowndes's  Bibl.  Man., 
ii.  729. 

'•  He  was  esteemed  by  many  scholars  a  most  noted  philosopher, 
an  eminent  physician,  and  one  strangely  profound  in  obscure  mat- 
ters. He  was  a  zealous  brother  of  the  order  of  Rosa-Crusians.  and 
did  60  much  doat  upon  the  wonders  of  cbymistry.  that  hu  would 
refer  all  mysteries  and  miracles,  even  of  religion,  unto  it." — Athen. 
Oxim. 

"His  books  written  in  Latin  are  many,  gre^it,  and  mystical.  The 
last  some  impute  to  his  charity,  clouding  his  matt^?r  with  dark 
language,  lust  otherwise  the  lustre  thereof  should  dazzle  the  un- 
derstanding of  the  reader.  The  same  phrases  he  used  to  his  pa- 
tients; and  seeing  conceit  is  very  contiibutive  tn  the  wtll-working 
of  physic,  their  Cincy.  or  faith  natural,  was  much  advanced  by  bis 
elevated  expressions." — Fuller's  Wurl/ties  of  Kait. 

This  habit  of  "mystifying"  patients,  by  using  "elevated 
expressions,"  was  not  confined  to  the  physicians  of  Fludd's 
day.     Fuller  proceeds  to  remark: 

'•His  works  are  for  the  English  to  sliixht  or  admire,  for  French 
and  foreigners  to  understand  and  use:  uot  that  X  account  them 
more  judicious  than  our  countrymen;  but  more  inquiring  into 
such  difficulties.  The  truth  is,  here  at  home  his  books  are  not 
beheld  so  good  as  crystal,  which  (some  say)  are  prized  as  precious 
pearls  lieyond  the  seas." — Ubi  supra. 

Fludyer,  John.  Expos,  of  the  C.  Prayer  Book  of  the 
Ch.  of  Eug.,  Lon..  1739,  fol.     Serm.,  17ot),  8vo. 

Flutter,  J,  Notes  of  a  Bookworm,  consisting  chiefly 
of  Extracts  from  old  and  scarce  works,  1827,  12mo. 

Fly.     Aiamanack  for  1G62,  8vo. 

Fly,  Henry,  D.D.  1.  Serm..  1794,  4to.  2.  Serm., 
1798,  4to.  .3.  Serm.  preached  Oct.  19, 1803;  being  the  day 
appointed  for  a  Public  Fast.  Loo..  18((4,  8vo. 

Fobes,  Perez,  LL.D..  d.  1812,  aged  70,  minister  of 
Raynham,  graduated  at  Harvard  Coll.,  1762;  Prof,  in  the 
Coll.  in  R.  Island.  1786.  1.  Hist,  of  Raynham.  2.  Funl. 
Serm.  on  Prcst.  Manning,  1791.     3.  Election  Serm.,  1795. 

Foe,  De.     See  De  Foe. 

Fogg,  A.     Medical  Observations,  Newc,  1803,  8vo. 

Fogg,  Ezekias.     Comfort  for  the  Sicke,  1674. 

Fogg,  Laurence.  1.  Two  theolog.  treatises,  Chester, 
1712,  8vo.  2.  Theologia3  Speculativse  Schema,  1712,  8vo. 
3.  Election.  1713,  8vo. 

F'ogg,  Peter  Walker.  Dissert.,  Grammat.  and  Phi- 
los.,  Stoekp.,  1796,  8vo.  2.  Elementa  Anglicana,  1797,  2 
vols.  8vo. 

Folchard,  or  Folcard,  flour.  10B6,  a  French  monk 
who  settled  in  England,  wrote  the  Life  and  Miracles  of 
John  of  Beverley,  and  is  said  to  have  composed  biogra- 
phies of  St.  Berlin,  Bishop  Oswald,  St.  Adulf,  and  St.  Bo- 
tulf.  Vide  Acta  Sanctorum  Mensis  Mail,  tomus  ii.  fol., 
Antv..  1680,  pp.  168-173.  The  Lite  and  Miracles  of  John 
of  Beverley.  Mabillon  Acta  Sanctorum  Ordinis  S.  Bene- 
dicti.  Sa^culum  iii.,  pars  1.  fol.,  Paris.  1672,  pp.  108-112. 
The  Life  and  Miracles  of  St.  Berlin,  pp.  434,  435.  An 
abridged  copy  of  the  life  of  John  of  Beverley. 

"As  a  writer  there  is  little  in  Folchard's  style  to  distinguish  him 
from  the  common  writers  of  bis  age." — WriyhCs  Biog.  Brit.  Li(.,q.v. 

Foley,  James.     French  Delectus,  Lon.,  1815,  12mo. 

Foley,  Richard.    Pract.  Ct.  G.  Session, Lon. ,1792,8vo. 

Foley,  Rev.  Robert.  1.  Lett,  to  Dr.  Priestley.  Stourb., 
1793,  8vo.     2.  Defence  of  the  Ch.  of  Eng.,  Lon.,  1795.  8vo. 

Foley,  Robert.  Laws  rel.  to  the  Poor,  from  the  43d 
Eliz.  to  the  3d  Geo.  II.,  with  Cases,  Ac,  Lon.,  1739,  '43, 
'51,  *oS.  8vo. 

Foley,  Samuel,  Bishop  of  Down  and  Connor.  Serms., 
1683.  4to.     Giant's  Causeway.     Phil.  Trans.,  1694. 

Folger,  Peleg,  1734-1789,  a  native  of  Nantucket, 
Mass.,  was  employed  fur  a  number  of  years  in  the  fisheries 
39 


which  have  made  his  native  town  so  deservedly  famons* 
He  occasionally  beguiled  (he  tedium  of  his  voyages  by 
writing  very  credit.able  poetry,  a  specimen  of  which,  ex- 
tracted from  his  Journal,  will  be  found  in  Macy's  History 
of  Nantucket. 

Folger,  Peter,  1618-1690,  a  native  of  England,  set- 
tled at  Martha's  Vineyard  in  1635,  and  removed  to  Nan- 
tucket in  1662.  He  married  Mary  Morrill;  his  daughter 
Abiah  was  the  mother  of  the  celebrated  Benjamin  Franklin. 
He  wrote  a  poem,  finished  April  23,  1676,  entitled  A  Look- 
ing Glass  for  the  Times. 

"The  author  addresses  himself  to  the  governors  for  the  tim» 
being:  speaks  for  liberty  of  couscience,  and  in  favour  of  the  Ana- 
baptists, Quakers,  and  other  Sectaries,  who  had  suffered  persecu- 
tion. .  .  .  The  poem  appeared  to  he  written  with  a  manly  freedom 
and  a  pleasing  simplicity.'" — Dr.  Fban'KL1>'. 

The  following  is  a  specimen  of  this  splendid  effort  of 
genius : 

"I  am  for  peace  and  not  for  war, 
And  that's  the  reason  why 
I  write  more  plain  than  some  men  do, 

That  use  to   daub  and  lie. 
But  I  shall  cease,  and  set  my  name- 
To  what  I  here  insert; 
Because  to  be  a  libeller. 

I  hate  it  with  my  heart. 
From  Sherbon  town  wh<;re  now  I  dwell, 

.^ly  name  do  I  put  hnre 
Without  offence,  your  real  friend, 
It  is  Peter  Folger." 
This  was  pub.  in  1675,  and  reprinted  in  1763.     It  is  now- 
very  rare,  but  the  reader  will  find  it  in  that  valuable  work, 
which  none  ol  our  readers  should  be  without,  E.  A.  and 
G.  L.  Duyckineks'  Cyc.  of  Amer.  Lit. 
Folger  is  described  as  an 

"Able,  godly  Englishman,  who  was  employed  in  teaching  the 
youth  in  reading,  writing,  and  the  principles  of  religion  by  cate- 
chising."— Princess  Xiw  Enijland.  tiee  Allen's  Amer.  Biog.  Diet.; 
B.  Franklin's  Works. 

FoHot,  Gilbert,  d.  1188,  a  monk  of  Cluny,  Abbot  of 
Gloucester,  1139;  Bishop  of  Hereford,  1148;  of  London, 
1163.  He  wrote  Exp'isitio  iu  Cant.  Cantieorum,  edidit 
Patr.  Junius.  Lon.,  163S.  4to,  a  number  of  Letters,  <fec. 
Some  have  been  printed  in  the  Epistohe  S.  Thoma,  and 
many  are  in  MS.  in  the  Bodleian  Library,  Ac.  See  Wright's 
Biog.  Brit.  Lit. 

Foliot,Robert,d.l  1 86,Bishop  of  Hereford,  ll'74,wrote 
a  treatise  De  Sacramentis  Veteris  Testamenti.  —  ^ri/ */'/jra; 

Folkes,  Martin,  1690-1754,  au  eminent  English  an- 
tiquary, was  educated  at  Saumur,  and  at  Clare  Hall,  Camb. 
In  1 74 1  he  succeeded  Sir  Hans  Sloane  as  Pres.  of  the  Royal 
Society.  Tables  of  English  Gold  and  Silver  Coins,  with 
their  "Weights,  Intrinsic  Values,  Ac,  1736,  '45,  4to.  New 
ed.,  much  improved,  pub.  by  tlie  Society  of  Antiquaries»- 
edit.  by  Dr.  Andrew  Gifford.  1763,  2  vols.  4to;  1772,  4to. 
Con.  on  astronomy,  antiquities,  and  nat.  hist.,  to  Phil: 
Trans.,  1717,  '37,  '45,  '70.  An  interesting  account  of  this 
learned  antiquary  will  be  found  in  Nichols's  Lit.  Anecdotea 
from  materials  originally  drawn  up  by  Dr.  Birch.  See  a 
Catalogue  of  the  entire  and  valuable  library  of  M.  Folkes, 
sold  by  auction,  1756,  Lon.,  1756,  8vo. 

"Mr.  Martin  Folkes  may  justly  be  ranked  among  the  most  useful 
as  well  as  splendid  literary  characters  of  which  this  country  can 
boast.  The  collection  was  an  exceedingly  fine  one;  enriched  with 
many  books  of  choicest  description." — Dibdin's  Bibliomania. 

F'olkingham,  or  Folliugham,  W.  1.  Epitome  of 
Surveying  Methodised,  Lon.,  1610,  4to.  2.  Compound  Ale, 
1623, 12mo.  3.  Brachigraphy,  or  Shorte  Writing,  8vo.  See 
Donaldson's  Agricult.  Biog. 

Follen,  Charles  Theodore  Christian,  J.U.D.,  b. 
Sep.  4,  1796,  at  KomWid.  in  the  Grand  Duchy  of  Hesse- 
Darmstadt,  perished  iu  the  conflagration  of  the  steamboat 
Lexington,  Jan.  13, 1840.  He  held  several  responsible  posi- 
tiims  in  Europe  and  the  United  States,  and  from  1831  to 
18;U  was  Prof,  of  the  German  Language  and  Literature  in 
Harvard  Coll.  For  some  years  before  his  death  he  officiated 
as  a  Unitarian  minister,  and  in  May,  1839,  received  a  call 
to  a  congregation  at  East  Lexington,  Mass.  1.  German 
Grammar,  Bost.,  12mo.  2.  German  Reader.  3.  German 
Versification  of  the  Gospel  of  St.  John,  12mo.  A  collective 
edit,  of  his  Works,  edited  by  his  widow,  Eltza  Lee  Follen, 
was  pub.,  in  5  vols.  sm.  8vo,  in  1841,  and  in  the  same  year 
Mrs.  Follen  pub.  a  Memoir  of  his  Life,  12mo.  Reviews  of 
the  Life  and  Writings  of  Prof.  Follen  will  be  found  in  thO' 
Democratic  Rev.,  vii.  466;  Chris.  Examiner,  sxviii.  87; 
xxxiii.  33 ;  and  Life  by  H.  J.  Raymond,  in  Biog.  Ann.,  1841, 
8vo. 

Follen,  Eliza  Lee,  formerly  Miss  Cabot,  a  native 
of  Boston,  was  married  in  1828  to  Prof.  Charles  Follen, 
(see  above.)  She  has  pub.  several  works,  the  principal  of 
which  are  Sketches  of  Married  Life,  The  Skeptic,  and  a 


FOL 


FOR 


Lift  of  Charles  Fnllen.Just  .Miecd^,,  Phe  W  also  ,iven  '  Na^.    Vindication  of  his  Cc.,lucta^^  of 


tu  the  world  The  Well-Slieiit  Hour,  Words  of  Truth,  (Jer- 
man  Fairy  Tales,  Hymns,  .Songs  and  Fables,  Selections 
from  Fenelon,  Birthday  Poems,  and  Nursery  Songs.  The 
larger  part  of  her  poetry  will  be  found  in  a  vol.  pub.  in 
Boston  in  1839,  entitled,' Poems  on  Occasional  Topics. 
Folliot.  Fast  Serm.,  I,on.,  1798,  4to. 
Follisiiis,  Jacob.  JacoH  Follisii  Edinburgensis  ca- 
lamitosa;  Pestis  elegiaca  Dcploratio,  4to. 

Folsom,  Charles.  1.  Cicero's  Orations;  English 
Notes.  Bost.     2.  Livy ;  English  Notes. 

Folsom,  George,  grad.  at  Cambridge  Univ.,  1S22; 
in  184i  was  elected  to  the  Senate  of  the  State  of  N.Y.  1.  Ilist. 
Sketches  of  Saco  and  Biddcford,  Saco,  18:)0, 12mo.  2.  Mexico 
in  1842,  N.  York,  1842,  18mo.  3.  Letters  and  Despatches 
of  Cortez;  trans,  from  the  Spanish,  1843,  Svo  and  12mo. 

"This  Btirrinii  n.irr.itiTe  of  toil  and  adventure,  addressi-il  by 
the  celebrated  conqueror  of  Mexico  to  his  Sovereign,  althMiii:h  r<- 
plete  with  the  most  romantic  interest,  has  hitherto  escapi-d  an 
English  translator.  Written  amidst  the  very  scones  described,  in 
a  tone  of  honest  sincerity,  and  with  a  scrupulous  attention  to 
truth,  these  Letters,  or  Dispatches,  after  being  published  sep.a- 
ratelv  as  they  were  received  in  Spain,  seem  to  have  been  overlooked 
and  forgotten  when  in  the  lapse  of  time  the  original  editions  had 
disappeared  from  the  public  <:ye."—Eitract  from  the  Preface. 

This  is  a  trans,  of  the  second,  third,  and  fourth  letters  of 
Cortez,  from  the  ed.  pub.  in  Mexico  in  1770  by  Lorcnzana. 
Mr.  Folsom  must  not  forget  the  request  of  Mr.  Kich  that 
he  would  favour  us  with  trans,  of  other  letters  of  Cortez. 
4.  Address  before  the  Maine  Hist.  Soc,  Sept.  6,  1846,  8vo. 
Folsom,  N.  S.  Crit.  and  Hist.  Interp.  of  the  Pro- 
phecies of  Daniel,  Bost.,  1842,  12mo. 

Fonblanque,  Albany,  b.  1800,  a  son  of  John  de 
Greuier  Fonblanciue,  the  eminent  lawyer,  was  for  many 
years  proprietor  and  editor  of  the  London  Examiner,  which 
obtained  great  reputation  through  his  literary  abilities. 
Much  of  the  matter  in  his  work  entitled  England  under 
Seven  Administrations,  pub.  in  1837,  3  vols.  p.  Svo,  origi- 
ually  appeared  in  his  editorial  columns.  Upon  Mr.  F.'s 
acceptance  of  a  post  in  the  Board  of  Trade,  the  Examiner 
passed  into  the  charge  of  Mr.  John  Forster. 

Fonblanque,  John  do  Grenier,  1759-1837,  an 
eminent  English  lawyer.  Senior  King's  Counsel,  and 
Senior  Benchor  of  the  Hon.  Society  of  the  Middle  Temple. 

1.  A  Treatise  of  Equity,  1792,  '93,  2  vols.  8vo :  4th  ed., 
with  Fr.ancis's  Maxims  of  Equity,  1812,  7  vols.  8vo,-  5th 
ed.,  1820,  2  vols.  8vo ;  4th  Amer.  ed.,  by  Anthony  Laussat, 
Brooktield,  1835,  2  vols,  in  1,  Svo.  The  original  of  this 
work  was  an  anonymous  treatise,  pub.  Lon.,  1737,  fob, 
ascribed  to  Henry  Ballon.  Mr.  F.  added  as  much  as  he 
found,  both  in  quantity  and  value,  and  gained  great  repu- 
tation by  his  labours. 

"  Few  works  have  attained  such  universal  approbation,  or  been 
more  generally  read.  The  notes  are  copious,  perspicuous,  and 
learned,  and  the  authorities  are  full  and  pertinent."— i/':^"i^(»"s 
Leg.  Stu.,  400. 

It  has  been  pretty  much  superseded,  both  in  England 
and  America,  by  Maddock's  Chancery  and  Chief-Justice 
Story's  Commentaries  on  Equity  Jurisprudence. 

2.  Doubts,  Ac.  rel.  to  Bullion  Committee's  Recommenda- 
tion, 1810,  Svo.     3.  To  Electors,  Svo. 

Fonblanque,  J.  S.  M.,  Com.  of  Bkrupts.,  son  of  the 
preceding   Fonblanque.     1.  Bkrupt,    Statutes,  1825,  Svo. 

2.  Medical  Jurisprudence,  1823,  3  vols.  Svo,  in  conjunc- 
tion with  J.  A.  Paris,  M.D. 

Fonblanque,  J.  VV.  M.  Cases  in  the  several  Cts.  of 
the  Com.  of  Dkruptcv.  Act  1849.  Lon.,  1849-51,  Pts.  1  and  2. 

Fond,  John.     System  of  Music,  Lon.,  1725,  Svo. 

Foord,  or  Ford,  Anthony.  Summary  of  the  Sacra- 
ments, Lon.,  16mo.     Sine  aiuio. 

Foord,  Edward.     See  Ford. 

Foord,  John.     E.vpos.  lib.  Psalmorum,  1646,  4fo. 

Foord,  Joseph,  a  minister  of  the  Ch.  of  Scotland. 
19  Serms.,  Edin.,  1719,  Svo :  3d  od.,  1759,  12mo. 

Foot,  James.  Penseroso;  or.  The  Pensive  Man  in 
his  Solitudes:  a  Poem,  in  six  Books.  Lon.,  1771,  Svo. 

Foot^  Jesse,  1744-1827,  an  English  surgeon,  pub. 
several  professional  treatises.  The  Life  of  John  Hunter, 
1794,  Svo ;  The  Life  of  A.  R.  Bowes  and  the  Countess  of 
Strathmore,  1810,  Svo;  The  Life  of  Arthur  Murphy,  1811, 
4to,-  and  some  other  works. 

Foot,  John,  surgeon.     Appeal,  1769,  Svo. 

Foot,  Peter.     Agricult.  of  Middlesex,  1794,  4to 

"Always  riickuued  a  superior  work." — Oonaldsmi^s  AiiricuU.  Biog. 

Foot,  Rev.  Wni.     A  Charge,  Lon.,  1753,  Svo. 

Foote,  Lt.  Andrew  H.,  Cominandor  U.  States  Navy. 
Africa  and  the  American  Flag,  N.  York,  1854,  12mo.  An 
interesting  work. 

Foote,  Capt.  E.  J.,  Rear-Admiral  of  the  Blue,  R. 
610 


McArthur  anil  Clarke  in  the  Life  of  Nelson,  1807. 

Foote,  H.  S.  Texas  and  the  Texans,  Phila.,  1841, 
2  vols.  12mo.  See  Lieber's  Essays  on  Property,  &c.,  148. 
Foote,  James,  minister  of  the  Free  East  Church, 
Aberdeen.  1.  Lectures  on  the  Gospel  according  to  Luke, 
Edin.,  6  vols.  sm.  Svo;  2d  ed.,  1S49,  3  vols.  fp.  Svo;  3d 
ed.,  1857,  2  vols.  Svo. 

"  These  Lectures  are  characterized  by  the  valuable  qualities  of 
good  sense,  scriptural  sentiment,  and  perspicuous  siy\e."— Edin. 
Chris.  Instruc. 
"  Very  practical  and  useful." — Bickersleth's  C.  S. 
2.  Treatise  on  Effectual  Calling,  1846,  fp.  Svo. 
"  We  coidially  recommend  this  little  volume  as  well  adapted  to 
awaken  the  careless,  and  to  instruct  and  encourage  the  thought- 
ful."—/*//i/('5i  3/((,7. 

Foote,  Samuel,  1722-1777,  "The  English  Aristo- 
phanes," a  native  of  Truro,  Cornwall,  was  of  a  highly  re- 
spectable family.  After  pursuing  his  studies  at  Worcester 
Coll.,  Oxf.,  and"  at  the  Middle  Temple,  he  went  upon  the 
stage,  where,  not  meeting  with  the  success  he  desired,  ho 
determined  to  turn  dramatic  author,  and  write  pieces  suited 
to  his  capacities  as  an  actor.  In  1747  he  opened  The 
Little  Theatre  in  the  Haymarket,  with  a  piece  of  his  own, 
called  The  Diversions  of  the  Morning,  which  was  very 
successful.  Wo  need  not  marvel  at  this  when  we  consider 
that  he  represented  real  characters,  and  imitated  their 
voice,  gait,  and  gestures,  in  the  most  striking  manner. 
Thenceforth  the  Little  Theatre,  Haymarket,  was  under- 
stood to  be  the  regular  summer  resort  when  the  other  two 
theatres  were  closed. 

Of  the  following  comic  dramatic  pieces  of  his  composi- 
tion— taken  from  Biog.  Dramat. — twenty  were  pub.  1.  An 
Auction  of  Pictures,  1748.  2.  Taste,  1752.  3.  The  Eng- 
lisbman  in  Paris,  1753.  4.  The  Knights,  1754.  5.  The 
Englishman  returned  from  Paris,  1756.  6.  The  Author, 
1767.  7.  The  Minor,  1760.  8.  The  Orators,  1762.  9.  The 
Lyar,  1762.  10.  The  Mayor  of  Garrat,  1764.  11.  The  Pa- 
tron, 1764.  12.  The  Commissary,  1765.  13.  Prelude  on 
opening  the  Theatre,  1767.  14.  The  Lame  Lover,  1770. 
15.  Piety  in  Pattens,  1773.  16.  The  Bankrupt,  1776.  17. 
The  Devil  upon  Two  Sticks,  1768.  18.  The  Maid  of  Bath, 
1771.  19.  The  Nabob,  1772.  20.  The  Cozeners,  1774. 
21.  The  Capuchin,  1776.  22.  A  Trip  to  Calais.  177S. 
23.  The  Tryal  of  Samuel  Foote,  1763.  24.  Diversions  of 
the  Morning,  1747,  '58.  25.  Lindamira,  1805.  26.  The 
Slanderer.  Left  in  MS.,  27.  The  Young  Hypocrite.  For 
particulars  respecting  dates  sec  Biog.  Dramat;  and  see  ft 
notice  of  some  other  works,  .ascribed  to  him,  in  Bibl.  Brit. 
Dramatic  Works,  1778,  4  vols.  Svo.  Frequently  reprinted 
in  2  vols.  Svo.  Life,  1788,  Svo.  Memoirs  of  his  Life,  and 
some  of  his  Writings,  see  Cooke,  William. 

Foote  was  as  much  famed  for  his  numerous  powers  in 
social  life  as  he  was  on  the  stage.  Of  this  we  have  an 
amusing  evidence  in  the  following  story,  related  by  Dr. 
Johnson; 

"The  first  time  I  was  in  company  with  Foote  was  at  Fitzher- 
berfs.  Having  no  good  opinion  of  the  fellow,  I  was  resolved  not 
to  be  pleased;  and  it  is  very  diflicult  to  please  a  man  against  his 
will.  I  went  on  eating  my  dinner  pretty  sullenly,  aflecting  not 
to  mind  him ;  but  the  dog  was  so  very  comical,  that  I  was  obliged 
to  lay  down  my  knife  and  fork,  throw  myself  back  in  my  chair, 
and  fairly  laugh  it  out.  Sir,  he  was  irresistible." 
Boswell  remarks ; 

"  Foote  told  me  that  Johnson  said  of  him,  'For  loud,  obstrepe- 
rous, broad-faced  mirth.  I  know  not  his  enual.'" 

It  is  not  difficult  to  guess  at  the  secret  of  Foote's  success 
with  Johnson : 

"  lie  [Foote]  was,  perhaps,  the  only  man  among  the  set,  totjilly 
independent  of  .Johnson's  monarchy;  he  had  an  intrepid  wit  and 
pleasantry  of  his  own,  and  wa.s  fearless  of  any  colloquial  antiigo- 
nist." — Oilman's  Jiandom  Records. 

See  Boswell's  Life  of  Johnson;  Cooke's  Life  of  Foote; 
Davies's  Life  of  Garrick. 

Foote,  Samuel,  Jr.  Reform ;  a  Farce,  modernized 
from  Aristophanes,  Lon.,  1792,  Svo. 

Foote,  Wm.  Henry,  D.D.  1.  Sketches  of  North 
Carolina,  Hist,  and  Biog..  N.  York,  1S46,  Svo.  2.  Sketches 
of  Virginia,  Hist,  and  Biog.,  1st  Series,  Phila.,  1849,  Svo; 
2d  Series,  1855,  Svo. 

"And  now.  kind  reader,  you  shidl  be  introduced  to  some  of  those 
early  settlements  made  by  men  of  strong  minds,  ready  hands,  and 
brave  hearts,  the  elements  of  whose  character,  like  the  couutry 
they  chose,  have  been  developed  in  the  prosperity  of  Virginia."— 
Jn/rwittctimi. 

Forbes.  Eloge  de  la  Ville  Edinbourg.  divisg  en  qua- 
trcs  Cli.ants,  par  le  Sicur  de  Forbes,  Edin.,  1753,  12mo. 

Forbes,  Alexander.  An  Anatomy  of  Independency, 
Lon.,  1644,  4to. 

Forbes,  Alexander,  Lord  Forbes  of  Pifsligo.  d.  1749, 
an  adherent  of  the  exiled  Royal  family,  commanded  a 


FOR 

troop  of  horse  in  the  Rehellion  of  1745.  After  the  hnttle 
of  CuUoden  he  fled  to  France,  but  returned  to  Scotland  in 
1749.  Ho  is  supposed  to  be  the  prototype  of  the  Baron 
of  Brawardine  in  Sir  Walter  Scott's  Waverlcy.  He  wrote 
Moral  and  Philosophical  Essays,  1763. 

•'  His  lordship  is  said  to  have  been  a  man  of  good  parts,  great 
honour  and  spirit,  .ind  universally  beloved  and  esteemed."  See 
Park's  Walpole's  R.  A  N.  Authors. 

Forbes,  Alexander,  Hist,  of  Upper  and  Lower  Cali- 
fornia, Lon.,  1S39,  8vo. 

"This  work  furuishes  us  with  a  striking  illustration  of  the 
wretchedness  of  man,  if  he  lives  without  exrhange  and  well-de- 
veloped property,  even  though  surrounded  by  a  bountiful  nature." 
— Liebe^s  Essays  on  Prvperty  and  Labour,  p.  140;  and  see  pp.  liS, 
149. 

"  A  valuable  work.  The  author  was  one  of  the  first  of  the  Anglo- 
Saxon  race  to  explore  this,  till  lately,  unknown  country;  hereaped 
the  reward  of  his  enterprise  by  securing  the  possession  of  the  great 
quicksilver  mines,  uow  worked  by  the  firm  of  which  he  is  the 
head." 

"A  work  of  superior  excellence  and  most  useful  instruction." — 
Chancellor  Kent. 

Forbes,  Alexander  P.,  D.C.L.,  Bishop  of  Brechin. 
].  Comment,  on  the  Te  Deum,  1860.  ?,1mo.  2.  Short  Ex- 
plan,  of  the  Niceue  Creed,  Oxf..  1850,  '52,  8vo. 

Forbes,  Arthur,  Earl  of  Granard.  A  True  Copie  of 
Two  Letters  bruu;;lit  Ijy  Mr.  Peters,  Ac,  Lon.,  1642,  4to, 

Forbes,  Daniel.     Case  of  Ileus  ;  Med.  Com.,  1785. 

Forbes,  David.  A  Prophesiu  of  Doomsday,  2d  ed., 
Edin.,  1631,  ISmo. 

Forbes,  Rt.  Hou.  Duncan,  1685-1747,  a  native 
of  Culloden,  studied  at  Edinburgh,  Utrecht.  Leydon,  and 
Paris,  and,  after  his  return  from  the  continent  in  1707, 
practised  as  an  advocate  ;  Solicitur-General  from  Scotland, 
1717  ;  Lord  Advocate,  1725  ;  Lord  President  of  the  Ct.  of 
Sessions,  1737.  In  the  Rebellion  of  1745  he  zeab>usly  op- 
posed the  Pretender,  and  was  so  much  chagrined  at  the 
ungrateful  refusal  of  government  to  relmburt-e  his  expenses 
thereby  incurred,  that  he  fell  a  victim  to  a  fever  produced 
by  excitement  of  mind.  1.  Thoughts  on  Keligion,  Natural 
and  Revealed,  Edin.,  1735,  '43,  Svo.  Trans,  into  French 
by  Father  Houbigant. 

"President  Forbes  w.ts  a  considerable  Hebrew  scholar,  of  the 
school  of  Ilutchinsnn,  The  system  of  that  singular  writer  appears 
to  greater  advantage  in  this  small  volume  than  in  any  of  his  own 
works,  or  those  of  his  other  followers." — Orme's  Btbl.  Bib. 

2.  Letter  to  a  Bishop  resp.  some  imp.  Discov.  in  Philos. 
and  Theol.,  Lon.,  1735,  4to.  Also  trans,  into  French  by 
Father  Houbigant.  3.  Reflections  on  the  Sources  of  In- 
credulity with  regard  to  Religion,  Edin.,  1760,  2  vols. 
12mo,  or  1  vol.  12mo.     Posth. 

"A  little  jewel.  I  kuew  and  venerated  the  man;  one  of  the 
greatest  that  ever  Scotland  bred,  both  as  a  judge,  a  patriot,  and  a 
Christian." — Bishop  Warbueton. 

4.  Works,  with  a  bing.  Sketch  of  the  Author  by  J.  Ban- 
natyne,  Esq.,  Edin.,  1816,  .Svo.  Works,  2  vols.  12mo.  See 
Memoirs  of  the  Life  and  Writings  of  Duncan  Forbes,  Lou., 
1748,  Svo;  the  Cullodeu  Papers,  1S15,  4to ;  Lord  Woud- 
houselee's  Life  of  Karnes;  Chambers's  Lives  of  lUust.  and 
Dist.  Scotsmen ;  J.  H.  Burton's  Lives  of  Duncan  Forbes 
and  Lord  Lovat,  Lon.,  1847,  p.  Svo  j  Edin.,  Lon.  Quart.,  and 
N.  Brit.  Reviews. 

"Ilis  natural  talents  were  of  the  very  first  order,  enlarged  by  an 
excellent  education,  completely  disciplined  and  fully  matured  by 
hahits  of  intense  study,  and  of  minute,  and  at  the  same  time,  ex- 
tensive observation;  and  they  were  all  employed  most  honourably 
and  conscientiously  in  the  real  business  of  life." — Lord  Wooi>- 

BOUSELEE. 

Forbes,  Duncan.  1.  E.  India  and  Col.  Guide.  Lon., 
1841,  12rao.  2.  Hindustani  Manual,  1S45,  2d  ed.,  1848, 
ISmo.  3.  Hindustani  Gram.,  1846,  Svo.  4.  Hindu  Reader, 
r.  Svo.  5.  Persian  Gram.,  r.  Svo.  fi.  Bagh-0-Bahar :  Tales 
in  Hindustani,  1846,  r.  Svo.  7.  Diet.  Hind.-Eng.,  Eng.- 
Hind.,  1846,  Svo.  The  most  copious  diet,  of  the  kind  in 
a  portable  form.     8.  Oriental  Penmanship,  1S49,  4to. 

Forbes,  Prof.  Edward,  1S15-1854.  1.  Hist,  of 
Brit.  Star  Fishes,  Lon,,  1841.  demy  Svo  and  r.  Svo.  This 
vol.  is  uniform  with  the  Brit.  Quadrupeds  and  Brit.  Rep- 
tiles, by  Prof.  Bell,  and  the  Brit.  Birds  and  Brit.  Fit-hes, 
by  Mr.  Yarrell, 

''  Discloses  a  world  of  wonders  round  our  shores.  The  illustra- 
tions, in  which  fancy  is  made  to  enlighten  science,  are  very  beauti- 
ful."'—iJW^is/i  Critic. 

2.  Inaugural  Lect.  on  Botany,  1843,  Svo.  3.  Synopsis  of 
the  Brit.  Naked-eyed  Pulmograde  Medusae.  Ray  Society, 
3d  issue,  4th  year,  1S47.  4.  In  conjuuction  with  S.  Han- 
ley;  Hist,  of  Brit.  M<.llusca,  1853.  4  vols.  Svo.  £6  lOv.  r, 
Svo;  plates  col'd,  £13.  5.  Zoology  of  the  Voyngc  of  H. 
M.  Ship  Herald,  3  vols.  r.  4to.  6.  In  conjuetion  witb  Prof. 
Huxley ;  MoUusca  and  Radiata  of  the  Voyage  of  H.  M. 
Ship  Herald.     Preparing  for  publication,  (1855.) 

Forbes,  Eli,  D.D.,  1726-1804,  minister  of  Brookfield 


FOR 

and  of  Gloucester,  Mass.  Ho  pub.  A  Family  Book,  Serms., 
Ac,  1761-92,  &o. 

Forbes,  F.  E,  1.  Six  Months' Service  in  the  African 
Blockade,  Lon.,  p.  Svo.  Five  Years  in  China,  1842^7, 
1848,  Svo.  3.  Dahomey  and  the  Dahomans,  1849-50, 
2  vols.  p.  Svo,  1851. 

Forbes,  Francis.  1.  New  Husbandry,  Lou.,  1778, 
Svo.     2.  Improvement  of  Waste  Lands,  1778,  Svo. 

'•The  practical  part  is  nothmgy—VtmaUIson's  AgricuU.  Biog. 

Forbes,  G.  H.  Prize  Essay  on  the  Goodness  of  God, 
Edin..  1849,  Svo. 

Forbes,  J.  G.,  of  the  city  of  New  York.  Sketches 
of  Florida,  1821. 

Forbes,  James,  1749-1819,  a  native  of  London,  con- 
nected with  the  civil  service  of  the  East  India  Company. 

1.  Letters  from  France  in  1803-04,  Lon.,  1806,  2  vols.  Svo. 

2.  Kctlections  on  the  Character  of  the  Hindoos,  and  the 
importance  of  converting  them  to  Christianity,  1810,  Svo. 

3.  Oriental  Memoirs  :  a  Narrative  of  Seventeen  Years'  Re- 
sidence in  India,  including  Observ.  on  parts  of  Africa  and 
S.  America,  and  Journals  of  Four  Indian  Voyages.  Em- 
bellished with  95  fine  engravings,  by  Charles  Heath, 
Storer,  Greig,  Angus,  and  Wageman,  Lon.,  1813-15, 
4  vols.  4to.  Pub.  at  £16  16s.  Some  copies  have  27  addit. 
Plates,  by  Thomas  and  Wm.  Dauiell,  also  sold  separately 
[at  about  £2  2«.]  to  complete  former  copies.  The  Plates 
of  Nat.  Hist,  are  beautifully  col'd.  See  a  list  of  the  122 
engravings  in  II.  G.  Bohn's  Guinea  Cat.,  1841.  This 
splendid  work,  with  the  addit.  27  plates,  can  now  be  pro- 
cured for  about  eight  guineas.  For  an  extended  descrip- 
tion of  it  we  must  refer  the  reader  to  the  London  Quart. 
Rev.,  xii.  180-227.  Mr.  Forbes  compiled  this  work  from 
his  original  materials  of  150  folio  vols.,  containing  52,000 
pages  of  MS.  letters  and  drawings. 

■* The  volumes  weie  published  at  his  own  cost, and  a  work  more 
splendid  or  moie  complete  iu  its  decorations  we  have  seldom  seen." 
— Lnn.  Qitar.  Rev. 

"The  drawings  and  collections  of  Mr.  Forbes  seem  almost  to  ex- 
ceed the  powers  of  human  industry  and  perseverance,  and  this 
literary  mf>numeut  to  his  name  may  fairly  be  considered  the  es- 
sence of  his  extraordinary  researches.  The  whole  work  is  very 
entertaining  as  well  as  instructive." — Lon.  Lit.  Gaz. 

"Of  all  the  works  which  have  been  published  on  India,  this, 
perhaps,  is  the  most  sterlingly  valuable." — Lon.  Atlas. 

"It  is  to  be  regretted  that  this  very  splendid  and  expensive 
work  was  not  published  iu  a  cheaper  form,  as  it  abounds  in  most 
striking  pictures  of  the  manners,  customs,  &c.  of  India.' — Steven- 
sort's  Voyages  arid  Travels. 

Since  the  above  was  written,  Mr.  Forbes's  daughter, 
the  Countess  do  Montalemberi,  has  pub.  {in  1834)  an 
abridgt.  of  the  Oriental  Memoirs,  in  2  vols.  Svo,  with  a 
4to  Atlas  of  85  Plates,  of  which  24 — those  of  Nat.  Hist. — 
are  beautifully  col'd.  Such  copies  were  pub.  at  £5  15«.  6rf., 
and  can  now  be  had  for  about  £2  lbs.  j  or  the  Atlas  alone 
for  £1  15s. 

Forbes,  James  D.,  Prof,  of  Nat.  Philos.  in  the 
Univ.  of  Edin.  1.  Travels  through  the  Alps  of  Savoy, 
Lon.,  1S43,  imp.  Svo;  2d  ed.,  1845. 

*' This  work  contains  ample  and  exact  details  in  topography.  .  .  . 
It  abounds  with  daring  and  hazardous  adventures,  contains  no- 
tices of  occasional  catastrophes  that  have  beCillen  less  fortunate 
explorers,  presents  interesting  discoveries  with  new  deductions, 
and  is  clothed  in  a  stylo  and  diction  entirely  iu  keeping  with  the 
beauty  and  grandeur  of  the  subject.  .  .  .  We  have  perused  the 
work  with  intense  pleasure  and  large  instruction." — Silliman's 
American  Journal  of  ."Science  and  Arts. 

"  Ks  ist  uustreitig  eines  der  gediegensten  Werke  die  seit  langerer 
Zeit  Uber  die  Alpen  erschienen  sind.  .  .  .  Zugleich  ist  die  Dai^ 
stelluu^  so  geschmackvoll,  und  die  theoretischen  und  abstrakteren 
Untersucbungeu  sind  sogeschicktvei-flochten  mitbistorischeu  und 
beschreibenden  Sttlcken,  dasz  man  das  Ruch  mit  immer  Steigen- 
deu  Interesse  zu  Ende  liest." — Le-onhard's  Jahrbuch. 

''This  elaborate  aud  beautifully-illustrated  work."— §tfari€r;y 
Review. 

.  .  .  '-Pregnant  with  \nt&vc^i'''—E'iivburgh  Reviexo. 

2.  Norway  and  its  Glaciers  visited  in  1S5I,  Edin.,  1853, 
r.  Svo. 

Forbes,  James  Grant,  Sketches,  Hist. and  Topog., 
of  the  Floridas,  N.  York,  1821,  Svo. 

'•A  wretched  compilation  from  old  works." — N.  Avicr.  Jiev.,  xxvi. 
4S2. 

"Contains  much  valuable  information." — Hh,  xiil.  98. 

Forbes,  John,  1570  ?-1 634.  originally  a  minister  of 
the  Ch.  of  S<'utl:ind,  became  minister  at  Middleburg,  in 
Holland,  about  1011.  1.  A  Treatise  tending  to  clear  the 
Doctrine  of  Justification.  Middle.,  161fi,  4to  ;  1(536.  2.  Cer- 
taine  Records  touching  the  Estate  of  the  Kirk  in  the  Years 
1605  and  1606,  pub.  with  Wm.  Scot's  Ap(;logetical  Narra- 
tion rcl.  to  Kirk  of  Scotland,  Edin.,  1846,  Svo. 

F'orbes,  John,  of  Corse,  1593-1648,  second  son  of 
Bishop  Patrick  Forbes,  was  educated  at  King's  Coll., 
Aberdeen,  and  in  Germany;  Prof,  of  Divinity  aud  Eccles. 
Hist.,  King's  Coll.^  Aberdeen,  1619:  ejected  for  refusing 


FOR 


FOR 


to  sign  the  Covenant,  1640.  He  rcsi'lcd  for  two  years  in 
HoUani],  and  is  sometimes  confounded  with  John  Forbes, 
anfe.  His  Irenicum  pro  Ecclesia  Seotiana,  Aberd.,  1629, 
4to,  written  to  compose  the  religious  dissensions  of  Scot- 
land, and  the  Institutioues  Historico-Theologicao,  Anist., 
164S,  fol.,  have  been  greatly  admired.  A  collective  edit. 
of  his  works  was  pub.  by  Prof.  Gurtler,  of  Deventer,  and 
George  Garden,  of  Aberdeen,  in  170;i,  2  vols.  ful.  Opera 
Omnia,  inter  quaa  phirima  Posthuma  cum  Vita  Auetoris, 
Amst. 

*'The  most  valuable  book  of  the  kind  that  any  student  can  pos- 
sibly make  use  of.  lie  will  tbere  see  a  complete  history  of  all  the 
controversies  that  have  distr.iftfd  the  Church  of  Christ,  deduced 
through  every  age,  with  tht-ir  minutest  branches  and  subdivisions. 
The  proper  authorities  are  always  set  down,  so  that  nothing  needs 
to  be  taken  on  trust." — Wutton. 

"Forbes  was  an  e.tL'flkmt  man,  a  profound  scholar, aud  masterly 
writer." — Dr.  Williams's  C.  P. 

"Much  learnin<;  and  pli-ly  in  his  ^ovks."— Bicker  sir  th's  C.  S. 

Forbes,  Johu,  of  Delft.     Serm.,  Delft,  1642,  12mo. 

Forbes,  John.  Cure  of  the  Afflicted.  Lon.,  1643, 12mo. 

Forbes,  Johii*  Songs  and  Fancies  to  several  Musi- 
cal Parts,  with  a  Iirief  Introduc.  to  Musick.  Aberd.,  1682, 
4to.     2.  Mariner's  Everlasting  Almanack,  1685. 

Forbes,  Jobii.     Epigrammata,  Lou.,  1739,  4to. 

Forbes,  John,  D.D.,  minister  of  St.  Paul's  Church, 
Glasgow.  Theory  of  the  Differential  and  Integral  Calcu- 
lus, Lon.,  183S,  Svo. 

"Out!  of  those  brilliant  beacons  which  will  long  illuminate  the 
path  of  science." — Scottish  Giiardi'Tii. 

Forbes,  John,  LL.D.,  of  Donaldson's  Hospital,  Edin- 
burgh.    Symmetrical  Structure  of  Scripture,  Edin.,  Svo. 

"l)r.  Forbes  is  a  profound  and  accurate  scholar;  he  has  brought 
much  leaiuing,  both  oiiental  and  occidental,  to  bear  on  this  vo- 
lume."— Bihliotheca  Sacra. 

"A  most  valuable  commentary  on  the  passages  adduced,  as  well 
as  the  key  to  the  further  comprehension  of  the  sacred  writings  in 
general." — Oh.  of  Eng.  Qttar.  Rev. 

Forbes,  Sir  John,  M.D.,  D.C.L,,  Physician  to  her 
Majesty's  Household,  editor  of  the  Brit,  and  For.  Med. 
Rev.,  one  of  the  editors  of  the  Cye.  of  Practical  Medicine, 
(see  DuNGLisoN,  Robi.ev,  M.D.,  No.  8.)  Ac.  1.  Obscrvs. 
on  the  Climate  of  Penzance,  (fcc,  Loii.,  1S2S.  2.  A  Manual 
of  Select  Medical  Biblingraphy,  Lou.,  1835,  r.  Svo.  This 
otherwise  excellent  work  has  one  capital  defect, — the  want 
of  an  Index  Nominum.  We  marvel  at  so  great  an  over- 
sight. 3.  lUust.  of  Modern  Mesmerism,  Lon.,  1846,  Svo. 
4.  Treatise  on  Diseases  of  the  Chest,  8vo.  5.  Genl.  Index 
to  the  Brit,  and  For.  Med.  Eev.,  1849,  Svo.  0.  A  Phy- 
sician's Holiday;  or,  A  Month  in  Switzerland  during  the 
Year  1848  j  1849,  p.  8vo ;  3d  ed.,  1852. 

"Those  who  contemjilate  a  thorough  or  a  partial  tour  through 
Switzerland  will  find  A  Physician's  Holiday  very  useful." — 
Lon.  Sj»'ctator. 

7.  Memoranda  made  in  Ireland,  1852;  1852.  8.  Sight- 
Seeing  in  Germany,  Ac,  1855,  p.  Svo;  1856.  9.  Nature 
and  Art  in  the  Cure  of  Disease,  1857.  cr.  Svo;  2d  ed.,  1858. 

Forbes,  John,  M.D.  Physiological  Effects  of  Alco- 
holic Drinks,  Bost.  2.  Water-Curo  ;  or,  Hydropathy,  Phila. 
3.  Homrenpathy,  Allopathy,  and  Physic,  1846,  12mo. 

Forbes,  John  II.,  and  John  Jardine.  Decisions 
in  Ct.  of  Se^s..  Nov.,  18111-July,  1S07.  Edin.,  fol. 

Forbes,  3Iajor  John.  Eleven  Years  in  Ceylon; 
Field  Sports;  Nat.  Hist.;  Antiq.,  Lon.,  1840,  2  vols.  Svo. 

Forbes,  Leslie.     Speech  in  H.  of  Com.,  1817. 

Forbes,  Murray.     Gravel  and  Gout,  Lon.,  1793,  Svo. 

Forbes,  Patrick,  1564-1635,  Lord  of  Corse  and  Ba- 
ron of  O'Neil.  a  native  of  Aberdeenshire,  educated  at  Aber- 
deen and  St.  Andrews,  Chancellor  of  the  Univ.  of  Aberdeen, 
was  made  Bishop  of  Aberdeen  in  1618.  His  Lordship  pub. 
some  serms.,  1635,  4to,  and  two  theulug.  treatises,  1614,  '27, 
but  is  best  known  by  his  Commcntarie  upon  the  Revela- 
tion of  St.  John,  Middleb.,  1614,  4to.  A  trans.,  by  his 
eon,  John  Forbes,  {see  ante,)  was  pub.  at  Amst.  in  1616, 
4to.     This  includes  his  two  theolug.  treatises  noticed  above. 

"The  Commentary  is  bi-ief,  but  discovers  some  le-irning  and  at- 
tention to  the  meaning  of  the  Apocalypse.  The  author  was  one 
of  the  most  respectable  of  the  Scottish  divines  who  embraced  Epis- 
copacy."—  Ornie's  Bihl.  Bib. 

In  1635,  4to,  was  pub.  Funerals  of  Patrick  Forbes,  of 
Corse,  Bishop  of  Aberdeene,  consisting  of  serms..  onitions, 
epitaphs,  and  other  pieces  on  the  death  of  the  good  Bishop. 
This  was  reprinted  by  Charles  Farquhar  Shand,  Esq.,  Ad- 
vocate, Edin.,  1845,  Svo,  for  the  Spottiswoode  Society. 

"Few  such  literary  monuments  have  been  raised  to  the  memory 
of  distinguished  individuals  as  the  Funei-als  of  Bp.  Patrick  Forbes." 
Vide.  Preface. 

Forbes,  Patrick,  M.D.  Full  View  of  the  Pub. 
Transac.  in  the  Ileigu  of  Q.  Elizabeth,  Lon.,  1740,  '41, 
2  vols.  fol. 

Forbes,  Patrick,  D.D.     Principles  of  Interpretation 

612 


of  the  0.  Test.,  trans,  from  the  Institutio  Interpretis  Ve- 
teris  Testament!  of  J.  H.  Pareau,  Edin.,  1835-38,  2  vols. 
12mo.  This  work  also  forms  vols,  xxi.,  xsiv.,  of  the  Edin. 
Cabinet  Library. 

"It  is  a  very  useful  compendium  of  the  principles  of  sacred  her- 
men>-utics  applied  to  the  Old  Testament.  The  translation  is  fiiith- 
ful  and  accurate." — Home's  Bihl.  Bib. 

Forbes,  Robert.  CoUec.  of  Scot.  Poems,  with  a  Col- 
lec.  of  Scot.  Proverbs,  by  Rev.  David  Ferguson.  1777,  1 2mo. 

Forbes,  William,  1585-1634,  a  native  of  Aberdeen, 
and  educated  in  that  city  and  abroad,  became  Principal  of 
Marischal  Coll.,  Aberdeen,  and  Rector  of  the  Univ.  He 
was  the  first  Bishop  of  Edinburgh,  but  died  in  three  months 
after  his  consecration.  After  his  death  was  pub.  his  Con- 
siderationes  raodestae  et  pacifica;  Controversarium,  de  Jus- 
tificatione,  Purgatorio,  Invocatione  Sanctorum  et  Christo 
Meditatore,  Eucharistia,  Lon.,  1658,  Svo.  This  was  edited 
by  Dr.  Thomas  Gale.  It  is  in  course  of  republication,  4th 
ed.,  in  the  Lib.  Anglo-Cath.  Theol.,  voh  i.,  1850,  Svo;  vol. 
ii.,  we  presume,  may  be  expected  shortly. 

Forbes,  William,  Prof,  of  Law,  Glasgow.  1.  Bills 
of  Exchange.  Edin.,  1703,  '18,  12mo.  2.  Church  Lands 
and  Tithes,  1705,  12mo.  3.  Remarks  on  James  Gordon's 
Observ.  on  No.  2,  1706,  12mo.  4.  Justices  of  Peace  in 
Scot.,  1707,  12mo.  5.  Law  of  Election,  M.  P.,  for  Scot, 
1740,  Svu.  6.  Jour,  of  the  Session,  1714,  12mo.  7.  Insti- 
tutes of  the  Law  of  Scot.,  1722-30,  2  vols.  Svo. 

Forbes,  Sir  William,  1739-1806,  a  native  of  Pit- 
sligo,  in  conjunction  with  Sir  James  Hunter  Blair,  founded 
the  first  banking  establishment  in  Edinburgh.  Account 
of  the  Life  and  Writings  of  James  Beattie,  LL.D.,  inclu- 
ding many  of  hig  original  Letters,  Edin.,  1806,  2  vols.  4to; 
1807,  3  vols.  Svo  J  1824,  2  vols.  Svo.  See  Beattie, 
James,  LL.D. 

"  For  what  Sir  William  Forbes  has  written  in  these  volumes,  we 
can  e.isily  fortjive  him ;  but  he  cannot  escape  censure  for  much  of 
what  he  has  pu)ilislied.  .  .  .  Protestinf;,  as  we  have  always  done, 
against  thu  multiplication  of  needless  quartos  and  the  publication 
of  oiijinary  epistles,  we  cannot  avoid  saying  that  his  book  is  a 
great  ileal  longer,  and  a  great  deal  duller,  than  we  are  bound  to 
toll-rate," — Lord  .Ieffret:  Edin.  Rev.,  x.  172. 

Forby,  Rev.  Ilobert,  Rector  of  Fincham,  Norfolk. 

1.  Lett,  to  Bp.  of  Norwich  rel.  to  Bible  Society  and  Miss'y 
Society,  1815,  Svo.  2.  Vocabulary  of  Norfolk  and  Suffolk, 
by  Turner,  Lon.,  2  vols.  Svo.     New  ed.,  1840,  2  vols.  p.  Svo. 

Force,  Peter,  President  of  the  National  Institute  at 
Washington.  D.C.  His  library  of  works  relating  to  America 
is  perhaps  the  largest  ever  collected  in  the  U.S.  1.  The 
National  Calendar,  and  Annals  of  the  U.  States  for  1833, 
Washington,  1833, 12mo,  pp.  336 :  continued  for  a  few  years. 

2.  Tracts  and  other  Papers  relating  principally  to  the 
Origin,  Settlement,  and  Progress  of  the  Colonies  in  N. 
America  from  the  Discovery  of  the  Country  to  1776, 1836- 
47,  4  vols.  r.  Svo. 

"  With  these  slight  abatements,  [see  article.]  we  regard  the  vo- 
lume before  us  as  a  very  valuable  contribution  to  the  materials  of 
our  early  history,  and  as  highly  creditable  to  the  capacity  and  dili- 
gence of  the  editor.  .  .  .  We  intended,  had  the  limits  of  this. irticle 
permitted,  to  give  some  account  of  another  worii  projected  by  Mr. 
Force,  in  connection  with  Matthew  St.  Clair  Clarke,  under  a  con- 
tract with  tlie  Government  of  the  United  States,  to  be  entitled 
"The  Documentary  History  of  the  Revolution  ;'  a  work,  the  plan 
of  which  is  gigantic,  and  the  execution  of  which  would  be  a  t-ask 
truly  Herculean.  The  plan  contemplates  the  pulilishing  of  every 
document  relating  to  the  history  of  the  United  States,  whether 
printnl  or  manuscript,  fioni  the  origin  of  the  colonies  down  to  the 
adnptinn  nf  the  Federal  Constitution.  The  work  will  occupy  at 
Ifast  twenty-live  vol  unii's,  and  the  cost  nf  fifteen  hundred  copies  la 
fstimated  at  tour  hundred  and  eight  Ihousaud  dollars.  We  hope 
that  the  work,  in  some  modified  form,  will  go  on;  although  we 
very  much  fear  that  this  large  historical  drag-net  will  sweep  up 
some  rubbish,  as  well  as  much  valuable  material.  Should  the  first 
volume  ever  appear,  we  shall  take  an  opportunity  to  go  more  at 
large  into  the  subject." — J.  G.  Palfrey  ;  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  xliii.  274- 
27  R. 

3.  American  Archives :  Documentary  History  of  the 
American  Revolution;  4th  Series.  6  vols.,  Washington, 
1837-46;  5th  Series,  3  vols.,  1848-53,— in  all,  9  vols.  fol. 
Owing  to  a  misunderstanding  in  regard  to  the  law  author 
izing  the  publication  of  this  most  valuable  work,  it  was 
discontinued  while  Mr.  Marcy  was  Sec.  of  State  of  tbo 
U.S.  See  Clarke,  Matthew  St.  Claiii.  and  N.  Amcr. 
Rev.,  xlvi.  475.  4.  Record  of  Auroral  Phenomena  Ob- 
served in  the  Higher  Northern  Latitudes;  Smithsonian 
Ciintrib.,  Washington,  1856,  4to.  His  contributions  on 
the  subject  of  Arctic  Discovery  were  considered  as  au- 
thority by  Dr.  Kane. 

Ford,"  Dliss,     1.  Letter.      2.  Music  Glasses,  1761,  '62. 

Ford,  Anthony.     See  Foonn. 

Ford,  David.     Funl.  Serm.,  Lon.,  1794,  Svo. 

I'^ord,  David  Everard.  1.  Hud.  of  Music,  Lon.  2. 
Orig.  Psalm  and  Hymn  Tunes,  1833.     3.  Chorazin,  1841, 


FOR 


FOR 


18mo.    4.  Damascus,  1842,  18mo.    5.  Decapolisj  new  ed., 
1843,  ISmo. 

"  A  work  which  has  been  read  by  all  classes  of  the  community, 
and  has  Itc.-n  emineutly  bles,secl  by  God  to  the  revival  of  pure  and 
miiiefiled  rt-lijiiuD  in  various  parts  of  the  country." — Lon.  Congreg. 
Mar/.,  Aiiij.  1S41. 

G.  Pastoral  Addresses,  1843,  32mo.  7.  Laodicea,  1844, 
18mo.  8.  Alarm  in  Ziou,  1848,  ISmo.  9.  Congreg.  Psal- 
mody, 18-iy,  ob, 

"  We  congratulate  the  author  on  the  growinp  acceptance  of  his 
works;  thousand  folluwing  thousand  in  rapid  succession.  This 
fact  we  regard  as  a  token  for  good.  They  are  fitted,  by  the  blessing 
of  God,  to  confer  lasting  benefits  on  ihe  church  and  the  world.'' — 
Lon.  Ecmvali&t,  Oct.  Iti42. 

Ford,  Sir  Edward,  a  son  of  Sir  John  Ford,  Susses, 
was  educated  at  Trin.  Coll.,  Oxf.  1.  A  Det^ii^ne  for  bring- 
ing a  River  to  St.  (iyles,  Lon.,  1641,  1720.  4tn.  2.  Exper. 
Proposals  how  the  King  may  have  money,  Ac,  1GG6,  4tu. 
3.  Befence  of  Bill  Credit.  Printed  at  end  of  No.  2.  In  Chal- 
mers's Diet.,  and  also  in  Ruse's  Diet.,  we  find  this  author 
called  Sir  John  Ford. 

"He  was  a  great  virtuoso  of  his  time,  yet  none  of  the  Royal 
society,  and  nught  have  done  greater  matters,  if  that  he  had  not 
been  discouniged  for  these  things  he  had  done  before."— -flf/i^n. 
Oxon.,  q.  V. 

i'ord,  or  Foord,  Edward.  1.  Wine  and  Women, 
Lon.,  1647,  12mo.  2.  An  Alarm  of  Trumpets,  1651,  12mo. 
3.  Fair  Play  in  the  Lottery ;  or  Mirth  fur  Money,  ]  660. 12mo. 

Ford,  Edward,  surgeon.  Diseases  of  the  Hip  Joint, 
(fee,  Lon.,  1794,  8vu;  2d  ed.,  by  T.  Copeland,  18H).  8vo. 
Con.  to  Med.  Obs.  and  Inq.,  1778  ;  to  Med.  Tracts,  1791,  '94. 

Ford,  Georsje-     Serms..  1796,  1803. 

Ford,  J.     Grig.  Righteousness,  Ac,  1675,  Svo. 

Ford,  James,  late  of  Oriel  Coll.,  Prob.  of  Exeter. 
The  Gospel  uf  St.  Matthew  illustrated  from  ancient  and 
modern  authors,  Lon.,  1848,  8vo  ;  of  St.  Mark,  do.,  1S49; 
of  St.  Luke,  do.,  1851  ;  of  St.  John,  do.,  1852. 

Notice  of  the  work  on  St.  Matthew: 

"In  examining  this  work  wo  have  been  struck  with  its  adapta- 
tion to  the  wants  of  preachers.  The  tone  of  the  Preface  is  excellent, 
and  inspires  confidence  in  the  principles  of  the  writer;  his  selec- 
tions are  very  good." — English  }iet\,  Sept.  1848. 

Notice  of  the  work  on  St.  Mark : 

'■The  true  value  of  this  work  is  in  suggesting,  in  fact,  supply- 
ing. Sermon  thoughts." — Lon.  Chris.  Kememb.,  April,  1849. 

Notice  of  the  work  on  St.  Luke: 

"  The  brevity,  depth,  and  varit'fy  of  the  extracts  form  the  most 
peculiar  and  valual>le  features  of  the  work,  and  give  it  a  great 
practiial  superiority  over  most  other  commentaries,  both  for  the 
Clergy  and  Laity." — English  Churchman,  May  22,  1851. 

Ford,  John,  an  eminent  dramatic  poet,  was  born  at 
Islington,  Devonshire,  in  1586.  Of  the  time  of  his  death 
much  has  been  conjectured,  hut  nothing  is  known.  Where 
he  was  educated  does  not  appear,  but  wo  know  that  in 
1602  he  became  a  member  of  the  Middle  Temple,  and, 
unlike  most  authors,  and  especially  dramatic  authors, 
persevered  in  his  arduous  profession.  What  particular 
branch  of  the  law  he  pursued  wo  are  unaVile  at  this  late 
day  to  detormine.  As  early  as  his  18th  year  he  pub.  a 
poem  entitled  Fame's  Memorial,  a  tribute  to  the  memory 
of  Charles  Blount,  Lord  Mountjoy  and  Earl  of  Devon- 
shire. There  was  little  in  this  effusion  to  indicate  future 
eminence  in  the  walks  of  poetry;  but  the  publication  uf  his 
verses  was  suflBeient  to  give  him  that  taste  for  authorship 
which  almost  infallibly  follows  upon  seeing  "  one's  name 
in  print :" 

''Fame's  Memorial  is  worth  reading  as  a  warning  to  all  those 
figure-casters  who  prognosticate  the  success  or  failure  of  authors 
from  ihtf\r  J II  icnilia.  Had  any  Beer  predicted  that  (be  makerof  all 
that  stuff  was  to  deserve  a  lofty  seat  among  England's  dramatists, 
he  wiiuld  have  been  as  heartily  laughed  at  as  he  who  should  have 
firet^ild  to  Trajan  that  a  Christian  priest  would  one  day  fulmi- 
nate from  the  Seven  Uills  more  dreaded  edicts  than  bis  own." — 
Hartley  Coleridge. 

Some  time  after  this  ho  had  the  honour  of  assisting 
Webster  in  A  Late  Murthcr  of  the  Sonne  upon  the  Mother, 
a  play  which  appears  to  be  lost.  He  also  joined  with 
Decker  in  the  Fairy  Knight  and  The  Brisiowe  Merchant, 
neither  of  which  are  extant.  We  also  lack  three  of  Ford's 
plays,  entered  on  the  Stationers'  Books  in  1660,  (see  Nos. 
12,  13,  14.)  of  which  An  111  Beginning  has  a  Good  End,  a 
C(mie»ly.  was  played  at  the  Cockpit  in  1613.  The  follow- 
ing is  a  list  of  his  own  plays,  and  those  in  the  composition 
of  which  he  had  a  share  : 

1.  The  Lover's  Melancholy.  T.  C.  Acted  at  the  Black- 
friars  and  the  Globe,  Nov.  24.  162S.  Printed,  1629.  2.  'Tis 
Pity  She's  a  Whore.  T.  Acted  at  the  Pha-nix.  Printed. 
1633.  3.  The  Witch  of  Edmonton.  T.  By  Kuwley,  Decker, 
Ford,  &c.  Acted  at  the  Cockpit  and  at  Court;  probably 
soon  after  1622.  Printed,  1658.  4.  The  Sun's  Darling.  M. 
By  Ford  and  Decker.  Act<fd.  March.  1623-24,  at  the  Cock- 
pit Printed,  1657.    5.  The  Broken  Heart.  T.    Acted  at  the 


Blackfriars.  Printed,  1633.  6.  Love's  Sacrifice.  T.  Acted 
at  the  Phoenix.  Printed,  1633.  7.  Pcrkin  Warbeck.  H.  T. 
Acted  at  the  Phionix.  Printed.  1634.  8.  The  Fancies, 
Chaste  and  Noble.  C.  Acted  at  the  Phwnix.  Printed.  1638. 
9.  The  Lady's  Trial.  T.  C.  Acted  at  the  Cockpit.  May, 
1638.  Printed,  1639.  10.  Beauty  in  a  Trance.  T.  Entered 
on  the  Stationers'  Books,  Sept.  9,  1653.  but  not  printed. 
Destroyed  by  Mr.  Warburton's  servant.  11.  The  London 
Merchant.  C.  12.  The  Royal  Combat.  C.  13.  An  111  Be- 
ginning has  a  Good  End.  C.  Played  at  the  Cockpit,  1613. 
Nus.  11,  12,  and  13  were  entered  on  the  Stationers'  Books, 
June  29,  1660,  but  were  never  printed.  Destroyed  by  Mr. 
Warburton's  servant.  14.  The  Fairy  Knight.  Ford  and 
Decker.  Lost.  15.  A  Late  Murther  of  the  Sonne  upon  the 
Mother.  Ford  and  Webster.  Lost.  16.  The  Bristuwe  Mer- 
chant. Ford  and  Decker.   Lost. 

A  little  manual,  entitled  A  Line  of  Life,  pointing  at  the 
immortalitie  uf  a  vertuous  name,  1620,  12mo,  written  by  a 
John  Ford,  has  been  attributed  to  our  author.  A  collective 
edit,  of  Ford's  Dramatic  Works,  with  an  Introduction  and 
explanatory  Notes  by  H.  Weber,  Esq.,  was  pub.,  Lon.,  1811, 
2  vols.  Svo.  A  notice  of  this  edit.,  and  of  the  characters 
of  Ford,  by  Lord  Jeffrey,  will  be  found  in  the  Edin.  Rev., 
X.  275,  304,  and  another  by  William  Git!ord  in  the  Quart- 
Rev.,  vi.  462-487.  Also  sec  A  Letter  to  William  Giftord, 
Est].,  on  a  late  Erlitiou  of  Ford's  Plays,  chiefly  as  relating 
to  Ben  Jonson,  [in  which  it  is  proved  that  Jonson  and 
Ford  were  not  hostile;]  by  Octavius  Gilchrist,  1811,  8vo. 
A  Letter  to  J.  P.  Kemble,  Esq.,  involving  Strictures  on  a 
recent  Edition  of  Ford's  Dramatic  Works,  1811,  8vo,  and 
a  letter  on  the  same  subject  addressed  to  Richard  Heber, 
Esq.,  1812,  8vo.  Mr.  Giffurd,  in  the  critique  referred  to 
abo\'e,  complains  of  the  meagreness  of  AVeber's  biogra- 
phical account  of  his  author,  remarking  that 

"It  would  surely  be  unjust  to  appear  dissatisfied  at  the  imper- 
fect account  of  an  ancient  author  when  all  the  sources  of  informa- 
tion have  been  industriously  explored.  But  in  the  present  case  we 
doubt  whether  Mr.  Weber  can  safely  'l.iy  this  flattering  unction 
to  his  soul :'  and  we  shall  therefore  give  such  a  sketch  of  the  poefs 
life,  as  an  attentive  examination  of  his  writings  has  enabled  us  to 
compile." 

Mr.  Giffurd  proceeds  to  show  that  Weber  was  as  faulty 
an  editor  as  he  was  a  biograi)her.  We  need  not,  therefore, 
be  surprised  that  he  determined  himself  to  assume  those 
duties  which  had  been  so  inadequately  performed  by  an- 
other. His  edition  of  Ford's  Works  appeared  in  1827,  2 
vols.  Svo.  It  is  acknowledged  to  be  far  superior  to  the 
preceding  edition.  In  1847  Mr.  Tegg  pub.  Ford's  Works 
in  the  Dramatic  Series  of  the  Family  Library,  being  Nos. 
4  and  5,  18mo,  of  that  series.  How  heartily  we  ai»prove 
of  Mr.  Tegg's  expurgated  editions  of  the  dramatic  poets 
may  be  gathered  from  our  remarks  in  the  article  on  Beau- 
mont and  Fletcher,  where  we  refer  to  Mr.  Moxon's  editions 
of  the  same  authors.  In  this  latter  series,  The  Works  of 
Massinger  and  Ford  were  pub.  in  one  volume  in  1848.  In 
the  power  of  graphic  representations  of  the  tragic,  the 
terrible,  and  equally  in  the  melting  and  the  pathetic.  Ford 
has  few  equals.  It  is  greatly  to  be  deplored  that  his  taste 
was  as  bad  as  his  genius  was  splendid,  and  that  his  licen- 
tiousness disgusts  even  whilst  his  imagination  charms. 
Tlio  revolting  subjects  selected  for  his  best  dramas — The 
Broken  Heart,  Love's  Sacrifice,  and  'Tis  Pity  She's  a 
Whore — show  a  determination  to  excite  attention  even  if 
he  failed  to  command  respect,  and  to  surprise  the  mind 
rather  than  improve  the  heart.  Fur  this  great  error  of 
choice  and  treatment  of  subjects,  he  had  not  even  the  in- 
valid excuse — pleaded  for  some  in  his  day — of  importunate 
creditors  and  straitness  of  bread: 

"When  he  had  outgrown  the  vanities  of  his  youth,  and  esta- 
blished himself  in  business,  he  ostentatiously  disdained  all  view 
to  profit  in  his  writings,  and  appeared  on  the  stage  or  in  print  only 
at  irregular  intervals.  He  had,  and  took  time,  to  write  up  to  his 
own  ideal.  lie  disowned  all  courtship  of  the  vulgar  taste;  we 
might  therefore  suppose  that  the  horrible  stories  which  be  has  em- 
braced in  'Tis  Pity  She's  a  Whore,  The  liroken  Heart,  and  Love's 
Sacrifice,  were  his  own  choice  and  his  o%vn  taste.  Uut  it  would  be 
unfair  from  hence  to  conclude  that  he  delighted  in  the  cnntem- 
plation  of  vice  and  misery,  as  vice  and  misery.  He  delighted  in 
the  sensation  of  intellectual  power;  he  found  himself  strong  in  the 
imagination  of  crime  and  of  agony  ;  his  moral  sense  was  gratified 
by  indignation  at  the  dark  possibilities  of  sin.  by  compassion  for 
rare  extremes  of  suffering.  lie  abhorred  vice — he  admired  virtue ; 
but  ordinary  vice  or  modern  virtue  were,  to  him,  as  light  wine  to 
a  dram  drinker.  Ilis  genius  was  a  telescope,  ill  adapted  for  neigh- 
bouring objects,  but  powerful  to  bring  within  the  sphere  of  vision 
what  nature  lias  wisely  placed  at  an  unsociable  distance.  .  .  .  Un- 
rjuestionably  he  displayed  great  poiccr  in  these  horrors,  which  was 
all  he  desired;  but  had  he  been  'of  the  first  order' of  poets,  he 
would  have  found  and  displayed  superior  power  in  familiar  matter 
of  tf)-day,  in  failings  to  which  all  are  liable,  virtues  which  all  may 
practise,  and  sorrows  for  which  all  may  be  better." — Hartley 
Coleridge:  Introduction  to  Moxon's  Edition  of  Ford,  1848,  q.  v. 

613 


FOR 

This  verdict  is  sufficiently  charitable,  certainly.  In  the 
quotation  *' first  order  of  poets,"  Coleridge  doubtless  re- 
fers to  Charles  Lamb's  summing  up  uf  Ford's  merits: 

"Ford  was  of  the  first  ordtT  of  I'oets.  lie  sought  for  publimity 
not  by  parcels  in  metapbors  or  visible  iniaj;es,  but  directly  wbero 
she  has  ht-r  full  residence — in  the  heart  of  man ;  in  the  actions  aud 
sufferings  of  the  greatest  minds.  There  is  a  grandeur  of  the  soul 
above  mountains,  seas,  and  the  elements.  Even  in  the  poor  per- 
Terted  reason  of  Giovanni  and  Annaliella  we  discern  traces  of  that 
fiery  particle,  which  iu  the  irret;ular  starting  from  out  of  the  road 
of  beaten  action,  discovers  something  of  a  right  line  even  in  obli- 
quity, and  shews  hints  of  an  improveable  greatness  in  the  lowest 
descents  and  degradations  of  our  nature." — Lamb's  Specimens  of 
Eng.  Drum.  Poets. 

Mr.  Ilazlitt,  a  critic  of  higher  authority  than  Lamb,  places 
Ford  iu  a  much  lower  rank  than  the  *'  first  order  of  poets." 
He  remarks : 

"  Ford  is  not  so  great  a  favourite  with  me  as  with  some  others, 
from  whose  judgment  1  disst-nt  with  diffidence.  .  .  .  The  affected 
brevity  and  division  of  some  of  the  lines  into  hemistichs,  &c. — so 
as  to  make  in  one  cast-  a  umthematical  staircase  of  the  words  and 
answers  given  to  different  speakers,  is  an  instance  of  frigid  and 
ridiculous  pedantry.  An  artificial  elaborateness  is  the  general 
characteristic  of  Ford's  style.  In  this  respect  his  plays  resemble 
Miss  Baillie's  more  than  any  others  I  am  aciiuainted  with,  and  are 
quite  distinct  from  the  exuberance  and  unstudied  force  which  cha- 
racterized his  immediate  predecessors.  There  is  too  much  of  scho- 
lastic subtlety,  an  innate  perversity  of  understanding  or  predomi- 
nance of  will,  which  either  seeks  the  irritation  of  inadmissible 
subjects,  or  to  stimulate  its  own  iaculties  by  taking  the  most  bar- 
ren, and  making  something  out  of  nothing,  in  a  spirit  of  contra- 
diction. He  does  not dratvaloni/  ivith  the  reader:  ho  does  not  work 
upon  our  sympathy,  but  on  our  antipathy  or  our  indifference; 
and  there  is  as  little  of  the  social  or  gregarious  principle  in  his  pro- 
ductions as  there  appears  to  have  been  in  his  personal  habits,  if 
we  are  to  believe  Sir  John  Suckling,  who  says  of  him,  in  the  Ses- 
sions of  the  Poets — 

'In  the  dumps  John  Ford  alone  by  himself  sat 
With  folded  arms  and  melancholy  hut.'  " 

Led.  on  the  Dram.  Lit.  of  the  Age  of  Elizabeth. 
"  Reversing  the  observation  of  Dryden  on  Shakspeare,  it  may  be 
said  of  Ford,  that  he  'wrote  laboi'iously,  not  luckily;'  always  ele- 
gant, often  elevated,  never  sublime,  he  accomplished  by  patient 
and  careful  industry  what  Shakspeare  and  Fletcher  produced  by 
the  spontaneous  exuberance  of  native  genius.  Ue  seems  to  have 
acquired  early  in  life,  and  to  have  retained  to  the  last,  a  softness 
of  versificati'm  pecnliar  to  himself.  Without  the  majestic  march 
of  verse  wbiib  disiluiiuishes  the  poetry  of  Massinger,  and  with 
none  of  thai  itlayful  ^Miety  which  characterizes  the  dialogue  of 
Fletcher,  he  is  still  vasy  and  harmonious.  There  is.  however,  a 
monotony  in  his  poetry,  which  those  who  have  perused  his  scenes 
long  together  must  have  inevitably  perceived.  His  dialogue  is 
declamatory  and  formal,  and  wants  that  quick  chace  of  replication 
and  rejoinder  so  necessary  to  effect  iu  representation." — Wiluam 
Gifford:  Qiiar.Rev.,\\.\1o. 

In  Lord  Jeffrey's  review,  before  referred  to,  on  the  merits 
and  demerits  of  Ford,  he  quotes  abundantly  in  illustration 
of  his  criticisms : 

"  We  cannot  afford  any  more  space  for  Mr.  Ford;  and  what  we 
have  said,  and  what  we  have  shown  of  him,  will  probably  be 
thought  enough,  both  by  those  who  are  disposed  to  scoff,  and  those 
who  are  inclined  to  admire.  It  is  but  fair,  however,  to  intimate, 
that  a  thorough  perusal  of  his  works  will  afford  more  exercise  to 
the  former  disposition  than  the  latter.  Hi.s  faults  are  glaring  and 
abundant;  but  we  have  not  thought  it  necessary  to  produce  any 
specimens  of  them,  because  they  are  exactly  the  sort  of  faults 
which  every  one  acquainted  with  the  drama  of  that  age  reckons 
upon  finding.  Nobody  doubts  of  the  existence  of  such  faults: 
but  there  are  many  who  doubt  of  the  existence  of  any  counter- 
balancing beauties:  and  therefore  it  seemed  worth  while  to  say  a 
word  or  two  in  their  explanation." — EUv.  liev.,  xviii.  'Mi. 

We  cannot  persuade  ourselves  to  conclude — for  we  have 
already  lingered  long  enough  on  this  theme — without  quot- 
ing the  judicious  criticism  of  one  of  the  first  of  modern 
authors  : 

"At  a  considerable  distance  below  Massinger  we  may  place  his 
contemporary,  John  Ford.  In  the  choice  of  tragic  subjects  from 
obscure  fictions  which  have  to  us  the  charm  of  entire  novelty,  they 
reseml'le  each  other;  but  in  the  conduct  of  their  fable,  in  the  de- 
lineation of  their  characters,  each  of  these  poets  has  his  distin- 
guishing excellencies.  'I  know,'  says  Ciifford.  'few  things  more 
ditficult  to  account  for,  than  the  deep  and  lasting  impression  made 
by  the  more  tragic  portions  of  Ford's  poetry.'  He  succeeds  how- 
ever pretty  well  iu  accounting  for  it;  the  situations  are  awfully  in- 
teresting, the  distress  intense,  the  thoughts  and  language  becom- 
ing the  expression  of  deep  sorrow.  Ford,  with  none  of  the  moral 
beauty  and  elevation  of  Massinger,  has.  in  a  much  higher  degree, 
the  w>wer  over  tears;  we  sympathize  even  with  his  vicious  charac- 
ters, with  Giovanni,  and  Annabella,  and  Uianca.  Love,  and  love 
in  guilt  or  sorrow,  is  almost  exclusively  the  emotion  he  portrays; 
no  heroic  piisaion,  no  sober  dignity,  will  be  found  in  his  tragedies. 
But  he  conducts  his  story  well  and  without  confusion ;  his  scenes 
are  often  highly  wrought  and  effective;  his  characters,  with  no 
striking  novelty,  are  well  supported;  he  is  seldom  extravagant  or 
regardless  of  probability.  .  .  .  Of  comic  ability  this  writer  does  not 
display  one  particle.  Nothing  can  be  meaner  than  those  portions 
of  his  dramas  which,  in  compliance  with  the  prescribed  rules  of 
that  age,  he  devotes  to  the  dialogues  of  servants  and  buffoons." — 
Dallam:  Introduc.  to  the  Lit.  of  Europe. 

The  critics  of  a  former  age  thought  they  discovered  much 
of  the  manner  of  the  greatest  of  English  poets  in  the  lines 
of  the  author  of  Love's  Sacrifice,  and  The  Broken  Heart, 
6U 


^'■^-=^'  FOR 

and  the  latter,  as  we  have  already  seen,  has  often  been 

named  in  rivalship  with  Rare  Ben.     We  subjoin  a  verse  in 

which  the  two  are  introduced  with  no  contemptible  skill: 

"'Tis  said,  from  Phakspeare's  mine  your  play  you  drew, 

What  ueed— when  Shakspeare  still  survives  in  you? 

But  grant  it  were  from  his  vast  treasure  reft. 

That  plund'rer  Ben  ne'er  made  so  rich  a  theft." 

Thomas  May. 

Forti,  Sir  John.     Sec  Ford,  Sir  Edward. 

Fortl,  John,  Mayor  of  Bath.  Manner  of  celebrating 
his  Majesty's  Coronation  at  Bath,  April  25,  1661,  Lon., 
1661,  fol.     Reprinted  in  vol.  vii.  uf  the  Somers  Collection. 

Ford,  John.     Serm.,  1735,  8vo. 

Ford,  John,  M.D.     3  Letters  on  Med.  Subjects,  1803. 

Ford,  Unnulph.     Serms.,  Ac.,  1711-20. 

Ford,  Richard,  and  others.     Pet.  to  Pari.,  1654,  fol. 

Ford,  Kii'hard,     Works  on  Inoculation,  1791. 

Ford,  Richard,  1796-1858,  a  native  of  London. 
Handbook  for  Spain,  Lon..  1845,  2  vols.  p.  8vo;  2d  ed., 
1847,  1  vol. ;  new  ed.,  partially  rewritten,  1855. 

"  Lockhart  nodded  approbation ;  George  Borrow  praised  it  in  his 
fine  emphatic  language;  Lord  Stanhope  confirmed  the  decisiona 
of  Lockhart  and  Borrow;  while  across  the  Atlantic,  men  to  be 
listened  to— Washington  Irving,  Prescott,  and  Tick  nor— extended 
its  praises  to  the  farthest  civilized  confines  of  the  New  World." — 
X&n.  Tllust.  yews. 

Commended  by  Lon.  Quar.  Rev.,  &c. 

2.  Gatherings  from  Spain ;  being  extracts  from  No.  1, 
with  addits.,  1846,  2  Pts.,  12ino,  or  1  vol.  p.  8vo. 

"  Although  the  original  design  of  this  work  was  merely  to  pre- 
sent in  a  more  readable  type,  and  in  a  form  suited  to  the  library, 
a  series  of  entertjuning  extracts  from  the  Hand-Book  of  Spain,  the 
author  has  nearly  rewritten  the  whole  in  a  more  popular  style,  and 
has  introduced  a  vast  quantity  of  new  matter."~/Vc/ace. 

'■Mr.  Ford  has  shown  himself  an  adept  in  the  ai-t  of  literary 
rCchauffaf/e.  His  masterly  and  learned  Hand-Book  of  Spain  having 
been  found,  by  some  who  love  to  run  and  read,  too  small  in  type, 
too  grave  in  substance,  he  has  skimmed  its  cream,  thrown  in  many 
well-flavoured  and  agreeable  condiments,  and  presented  the  result 
in  one  compact  and  delightful  voliiuie.  equally  adapted  to  amuse 
byau  Knglish  fireside  or  to  be  useful  on  the  Spanish  highway."— 
BlackwooiVs  Mag. 

"The  best  English  book,  beyond  comparison,  that  has  ever  ap- 
peared for  the  illustration,  not  merely  of  the  genera!  topography 
and  local  curiosities,  but  of  the  national  character  and  manners 
of  Spain." — Lon.  Quar.  Rev. 

Washington  Irving  also  commends  it  as  the  best  modern 
popular  account  of  Spain. 

3.  Tauromachia:  the  Bull  Fights  of  Spain;  26  superb 
drawings  by  Lake  Price,  with  descriptions  by  R.  Ford, 
1852,  imp.  f^'I.     Pub.  at  £4  4«.     A  splendid  work. 

Ford,  Simon,  1619-16;tv».  a  divine  and  Latin  poet  of 
great  reputation,  a  native  of  Ea.st  Ogwell,  Devonshire,  was 
educated  at  Magdalen  Hall.  Oxf. ;  Vicar  of  St.  Laurence, 
Reading,  1651;  of  All-Saints,  Northampton,  1659  ;  and  of 
Old  Swintord,  Worcestershire,  1685.  He  was  one  of  the 
translators  of  Plutarch's  Morals,  pub.  1684,  and  pub.  a 
number  of  serms.,  Latin  poems,  Ac,  1646-96,  a  list  of 
which  will  be  found  in  Athen.  Oxon. 

Ford,  Stephen.  Evil  Tongue,  1672,  Svo.  Discourse, 
1675,  Svo. 

Ford,  T.     Acct.  rel.  to  Lord  Kilmarnock,  Ac,  1746. 

Ford,  Thomas.  Musicke  of  Sundrie  Kindes,  Lon., 
1607.  ful. 

F'ord,  Thomas,  1.  The  Times  Anatomized  in  severall 
characters,  Lon.,  1647,  12mo.  Sometimes  erroneously  at- 
tributed to  Thomas  Fuller,  the  hi:^torian.  2.  Ludus  For- 
tune, 1649.  12mo.  3.  Panegyric  on  Clias.  I.,  Ac,  1660, 
'61,  Svo.  4.  Foeuestra  in  Pet-tore,  1660,  Svo.  5.  Love's 
Labyrinth,  Ac. ;  a  Tragi-Comedy,  1660,  Svo.  6.  A  Theatre 
of  AVits.  1660,  Svo. 

Ford,  Thomas,  LL.D.     Serms.,  1775,  '83. 

Ford,  Thomas,  LL.D.     Serm.,  ISll.  Svo. 

Ford,  Thomas,  late  Gov.  of  Illinois.  A  Hist,  of 
Illinois  from  its  commencement  as  a  State  in  181S  to  1847, 
Chicago,  1S54,  12mo. 

"  This  is  an  excellent,  common-sense,  honest  history  of  one  of  our 
most  flourishing  States,  by  one  who  took  an  active  part  in  its  poli- 
tical struggles  from  its  first  organization," — Amcr.  Index,  Aug.  1855. 

Ford,  W.  A  Catalogue  comprising  the  Historical  and 
Poetical  Classics,  Ae.,  Part  1. 

Ford,  \Vm.,  or  Forde.    Funl.  Serm.,  Lon.,  1616, 4to. 

Ford,  Wm.     Serms.,  1733,  '35,  '57,  '53. 

Ford,  Will,     Serms.,  Ac,  1762,  '69,  76,  '81. 

Fordiiu,  John  De,  an  ancient  Scottish  historian,  a 
priest  in  the  Church  of  Fordun,  1377.  Of  the  particulars 
of  his  life  but  little  is  certainly  known.  From  his  work 
much  of  the  early  history  of  Scotland  is  derived. 

Scotichronicon  genuinum,  una  cum  ejusdem  Supple- 
mento  ac  Continuationo,  Oxonii,  1722,  5  vols.  Svo.  This 
is  Hoarne's  edit.  Another  edit,  was  pub,  at  Edin.,  1759, 
2  vols,  fol.,  and  1775,  2  vols,  fol.,  viz.:  Scotichronicon, 


FOR 


FOR 


cum  Sup.  et  Continuatione  Walteri  Bowori.  Cura.  Walteri 
Goodall.  (See  Goodal,  "Walteu.}  MS.  copies  of  For- 
dun's  history  are  in  mauy  public  libraries. 

"  Ue  begins  the  third  f book]  with  the  if  iiru  of  Fergus  the  second, 
and  tbence  continues  the  succession  witb  better  coutidence  tban 
he  has  done  in  the  foregoing  reigns,  wherein  he  is  vastly  outdone 
by  Boetbius  and  lato  historians." — Bishop  Nicolson's  i^ot  Hist. 
Lib.,  q.  V. 

'•The  Uarned  and  judicious  Mr.  C;inib<lt?n  has  observed,  That 
all  the  <^'.■"^■;  Ilistniians  Avhoh;ive  wmln  sinco  Fonluuii's  time,  have 
been  veiy  \\n\Ai  livln-Min-  to  liis  I'ili'.'riicr;  ami  >«'!  Ihi-reare  very 
Material' I>il]firii<TS  brtwixt  Iiis  Ai'i-Huitt  n|'  si'vnal  things  and 
theirs;  of  which  I  shall  give  the  reader  a  few  Ins-tauces." — Mao- 
kenzie's  Wn'ters  of  the  Scots  JVaticn,  q.  v. 

Fordyce,  David,  1711-1751,  a  uative  of  Aberdeen, 
brother  of  James  and  Sir  William,  afterwards  noticed,  en- 
tered Marischal  College,  1724,  and  was  appointed  Prof, 
of  Moral  Philos.  in  that  institution  in  1742.  Heturning 
from  an  extensive  continental  tuur,  ho  was  drowned  on 
the  coast  of  Holland  in  1751.  1.  Dialogues  con.  Educa- 
tion, Edin.,  1745-48,  2  vols.  8vo. 

*'A  work  of  very  considerable  merit,  but  somewhat  tinged  witb 
the  fopperies  of  the  school  of  Shaftesbury,  although  entirely  free 
from  its  more  injurious  notions." 

2.  Tbeodorus;  a  Dialogue  concerning  the  art  of  Preach- 
ing, 1752,  12mo;  3d  ed.,  1755,  12mo. 

"Some  useful  hints." — liiclersttth's  C.  .5. 

This  should  be  carefully  studied  by  all  young  divines. 

3.  Elements  of  Moral  Philosophy,  1754.  12mo:  4th  ed., 
1769,  12mo.  Originally  pub.  as  ninth  division  of  Dodsley's 
Preceptor.  4.  The  Temple  of  Virtue;  aDrcam,  1757, 12mo. 
Pub.  from  the  author's  MSS.,  with  some  addits.  by  James 
Fordyce,  D.D.,  1775,  12mo. 

Fordyce,  David.     Letter  Writer,  Lon.,  1790,  12mo. 

Fordyce,  George,  M.D.,  1736-1802,  nephew  of  Da- 
vid, James,  and  Sir  \Villiam,  took  his  doctor's  degree  at 
Leydeu  in  1758,  settled  in  1759  in  London,  and  became  a 
distinguished  lecturer  and  practitioner.  1.  Elements  of 
Agricult.  and  Vegetation,  Edin.,  1765,  '69,  '71,  Svo;  Lon., 
1796,  Svo. 

"This  little  work  has  always  been  esteemed  as  a  very  scientific 
treatise." — Donaldson's  Agricult.  Bing. 

2.  Elements  of  the  Practice  of  Physic,  Pts.  1  and  2, 
1767-70,  Svo.     3.  Dissertation  on  Simple  Fever,  1794,  Svo. 

4,  5,  6,  7.  Dissertation  on  Fever,  4  Pts.,  viz. :  1795,  '9S,  '99, 
1802,  Svo.  8.  Dissertation  5th,  with  conclusions  to  the 
four  preceding  and  present  Dissertations,  1803,  Svo.  Posth, 
Edited  by  W.  C.  Wells,  M.D.  Fordyce  on  Fevers,  2d 
Amer.  ed.,  Phila.,  1S46,  Svo. 

"The  dissertations  wbirh  compose  the  work  of  Dr.  Fordyce  on 
Fevers  are,  of  all  his  \wiiings,  these  which  in  an  especial  manner 
have  establisbi'd  his  i-.'|Julation  for  sound  medical  views." — South- 
ern Jour,  (if  M-d.  and  I'har. 

9.  Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1776,  '79,  'SO,  '85,  '87,  '92,  '94. 
10.  Con.  to  Trans.  Med.  and  Chir.,  1792,  1800. 

"  It  must  be  confessed  that,  notwithstanding  bisgreat  learning, 
which  embraced  many  subjects  noway  allied  to  medicine,  he  sel- 
dom wrote  eloy;antly,  often  obscurely  and  inaccurately." — Lon. 
Gent.  Marf.,  1802;   Ohit.  Nntic,  q.  v. 

Fordyce,Heiirietta,"reIictof  James  Fordyce,  D.D." 
Memoir  of,  with  orig.  Letters,  Anecdotes,  and  Pieces  of 
Poetry,  with  a  Sketch  of  the  Life  of  James  Fordyce,  D.D., 
Lon.,  12mo. 

"  The  book  is  a  pi  easant  book,  and  could  not  be  more  interesting 
than  it  is,  if  there  was  not  one  word  of  truth  in  it  from  beginning 
to  end.  But  it  is  a  very  entertaining  and  easily-written  bio^^raphy, 
in  which  none  of  the  sternness  of  fact  has  been  made  to  give  way 
to  the  lighter  graces  of  fiction." — Ltm.  Literary  Museum. 

Fordyce,  James,  D.D.,  1720-1796,  a  uative  of  Aber- 
deen, brother  of  David,  James,  and  Sir  William,  also 
noticed  in  this  Dictionary,  was  educated  at  Marischal 
Coll.,  and  became  minister  successively  at  Brechin,  Alloa, 
and  of  a  dissenting  congregation  of  Monkwell  Street,  Lon- 
don. He  pub.  several  serms.,  poems,  Ac,  1752-91.  1.  Cha- 
racter and  Conduct  of  the  Female  Sex,  1776,  Svo.  2.  Ad- 
dresses to  Ycmng  Men,  Lon..  1777,  2  vols.  Svo.  His  best- 
known  work  is  the  collection  entitled  Serms.  to  Young 
Women,  1765,  2  vols.  12mo;  9th  ed.,  1778,  2  vols.  sm.  8vo. 

*'They  discover  much  genius  and  imagination,  a  correct  taste, 
no  little  knowledge  of  the  world,  and  a  happy  method  of  engaging 
the  attention  and  interesting  the  feelings." — Witiiori's  Dissenters. 

Fordyce,  John,  M.D.  1.  Historia  Febris  Miliaris, 
Lon.,  1758,  Svo.  2.  Usefulness  of  Bark  in  Scrofula;  Med. 
Obs.  and  Inq.,  1755. 

Fordyce,  William.  Mem.  con.Herculaneum.  Trans, 
from  the  Italian,  Lon.,  1750,  Svo;  1770,  4to. 

Fordyce,  William.  History  and  Antiquities  of  the 
County  of  Durham,  1S57,  2  vols,  demy  4to. 

Fordyce,  Sir  William,  1724-1792,  a  brother  of  Da- 
vid and  James,  (see  aut^',)  surgeon  R.  A.,  and  subsequently 
Lord  Rector  of  Mari.schal  Coll.,  Aberdeen,  enjoyed  an  ex- 
tensive professional  practice  in  London,  whore  ho  died  in 
1792,     1.  Review  of  the  V.  Disease  and  its  Remedies,  Lon., 


1767,  '72,  Svo.  2.  Putrid  and  Inflam.  Fevers,  1773,  '77,  Svo. 
.S.  Fragmcnta  Chirurgica  et  Mcdica,  1784,  Svo.  4.  Muri- 
atic Acid  in  Putrid  Fevers ;  a  Letter  to  Sir  J.  S.,  1790,  Svo. 
5.  The  importance  of  cultivating  and  curing  Rhubarb  in 
Britain,  1792,  Svo.  At  this  time  imported  rhubarb  cost 
the  nation  £200,000  per  annum.  6.  Sarsaparilla  Root  in 
the  V.  Disease:  Med.  Obs.  and  Inq.,  1755. 

Foreiiess,  E.     Serms.,  1683,  '84,  4to. 

Forester,  Fanny.     See  Judson,  Mrs.  Emily  0. 

Forester,  Thomas,     Serm.,  1741.  4to. 

Forester,  Thomas.  1.  Norway  in  184S,  '49,  with 
Extracts  from  the  Journals  of  Lt.  M.  S.  Biddulph,  Lon., 
1850,  Svo.     New  ed.,  1855,  I6inn. 

"Thanks  for  this  very  pleasant  and  instructive  book,  say  we."— 
Lon.  C-fiurch  and  State  Gaz. 

2.  Everard  Tunstal;  a  Tale,  1S51,  3  vols.  p.  Svo.  3. 
Norway  and  its  Scenery,  1S53,  p.  Svo.  4.  Rambles  ia 
Sardinia.  Ac,  1858,  imp.  Svo. 

Foresti,  E.  Felix,  LL.D.,  Prof,  of  the  Italian  lan- 
guage and  literature  in  Columbia  Coll.,  and  in  the  Univ.  of 
the  City  of  New  York.     Italian  Reader,  N.  York,  12mo. 

Forjjes.  A  Catalogue  of  part  of  tho  Rarities  collected 
liy  n.  11..  Lon.,  Svo. 

"  Fornian,  t'harles.  Letter,  &c.  rel.  to  Ostend  Com- 
])nny,  Lon.,  1725,  '26.  Ancient  Parliaments  of  Franco, 
1739,  2  vols.  Svo. 

Forman,  Charles.  Queries  and  Observ.  upon  the 
Revol.  in  1688,  and  its  Consequences,  Lon.,  1741,  Svo. 

Forman,  Simon,  M.D.,  1552-1611,  a  noted  astro- 
loger, physician,  and  fortune-teller,  whose  name  excites 
sensations  of  horror  to  all  who  are  familiar  with  the  his- 
tories of  the  infamous  Countess  of  Essex  and  the  unfor- 
tunate Sir  Thomas  Overbury,  studied  for  two  years  at 
Magdalen  Coll.,  Oxf ,  and  subsequently  devoted  his  atten- 
tion to  physic  and  the  stars.  He  wrote  some  treatises  on 
Astrology,  (tc.  of  which  a  list  will  be  found  in  Athen. 
Oxon.  See  Bliss's  ed.,  ii.  9S,  373.  Many  of  his  MSS. 
are  deposited  in  the  Ashmolean  Museum  and  in  the  British 
Museum.  Tho  following  extract  will  recall  forcibly  Mr. 
James's  graphic  portraits  in  Arabella  Stuart  of  Dr.  For- 
man and  Mrs.  Anne  Turner: 

''He  professed  to  his  wife  that  there  would  be  much  trouble 
about  Sir  Kob.  Carr,  earl  of  Somerset,  and  the  Lady  Frances,  his 
wife,  who  frequently  resorted  to  biin.  and  from  whose  company  he 
would  .sometimes  lock  himself  in  his  .study  one  whole  day.  Ue 
had  compounded  things  upon  the  desire  of  Mrs.  Anne  Turner,  to 
make  the  said  Sir  Kob.  Carr,  callid  quo  ad  hanc,  and  Robert,  earl 
of  Essex,  fri^dd  quo  ad  hanc:  that  is.  to  his  wife,  the  Lady  Frances, 
who  had  a  mind  to  be  rid  of  him.  and  be  wedded  to  the  said  Sir 
Robert.  lie  had  made  also  certain  pictures  in  wax,  representing 
Sir  Robert  and  the  said  lady,  to  cause  a  love  between  each  other, 
with  other  such  like  things ;  but  Forman  dying  [he  died  suddenly 
in  a  boat  in  the  Thames]  before  he  could  effect  the  matter,  Mrs. 
Turner  found  out  one  Edward  Gresham,  an  astrologer,  to  conclude 
the  matter;  but  he  also,  if  I  mistiike  not,  dropt  away  before  the 
marriage  of  Sir  Robert  and  the  said  lady  was  concluded."— ITJi 
supra. 

Forman,  Sloper.  Trans,  from  the  French  of  M. 
Forney's  Elementary  Principles  of  the  Belles-Lettres,  Lon., 
1766,  *i2mo. 

Formby,  Henry,  1.  A  Visit  to  the  BRst,  Lon.,  1843, 
fp.  Svo.  2.  C.  C.  Guide  to  Psalmody,  1S47,  fp.  Svo.  3.  Tho 
Roman  Ritual,  1849, 12mo.  4.  The  Young  Singer's  Book 
of  Songs,  1851,  4to. 

Forrest,     A  brief  Defence  of  Curing  continued  Fevers. 

Forrest,  Alex.  Baptismal  Psalmody,  Lon. ,1751, 12mo. 

Forrest,  Lt.-Col,  C,  R.  Pictorial  Account  of  the 
Rivers  Ganges  and  Jumna,  Lon.,  imp.  4to,  with  24  col'd 
views.  Maps,  ifec,  £4  4s.;  large  paper,  £6  6s.  This  beau- 
tiful work  presents  the  most  picturesque  scenes  of  the  val- 
leys of  these  celebrated  rivers.  With  the  descriptions  much 
history  is  interspersed. 

Forrest,  Frederick,  1.  Ways  to  Kill  Care,  hy 
Young  D'Urfey,  Lon.,  1761.  Svo.  2.  A  Rattle  for  Grown 
Children ;  by  Young  D'Urfey,  sm.  Svo,  with  portrait,  by  W. 
Elliot. 

Forrest,  John,  M.D.  Inoculation  ;  Ann.  of  Med.,  1811. 

Forrest,  Robert.  Reports  Cases  in  Ct.  Exchequer, 
M.  T.  to  T.  T.  41  Geo.  III.,  Lon.,  Pt.  1,  1802,  Svo.  Never 
completed. 

Forrest,  Thomas.  A  Pcrfite  Looking-Glasse  for 
all  Estates;  from  Isocrates,  &e.,  Lon.,  loSO,  4to. 

Forrest,  Captain  Thomas.  1.  A  Voyage  (1774- 
76)  to  New  Guinea  and  the  Moluccas,  itc,  Lon.,  1779,  '99, 
4to. 

'•This  work  supplies  what  is  wanting;  in  Sonnerat's,  as  it  is  full 
on  the  physical  and  moral  character  of  the  inhabitants,  and  on 
their  language,  mode  of  life,  and  trade," — St^venso^i's  Oat.  of  Voy- 
ages and  lVare!s. 

I      Sonncrat  treats  of  natural  history,  especially  of  zoology 
I  and  ornithology. 

615 


FOR 


2.  A  Voyage  from  Calcutta  to  tfre  Mergui  Archipelago, 

&c..  1792,  4to.  .,,.,. 

"This  work  is  justly  of  great  autliority  for  its  details  m  mari- 
time geography."— fli^i  supra. 

Forrest,  Wm.  1.  A  New  Ballade  of  the  MarigoUle. 
Reprinted  in  vol.  x.  Harleian  Miscellany.  2.  Metrical 
Account  rel.  to  divorce  of  Q.  Catharine.  Reprinted  m 
vol.  iv.  Brit.  Bibliographer.  See  an  account  of  Forrest 
and  his  worlis,  printed  and  MS.,  in  Athen.  O-Kon.,  Bliss's 

edit. 

Forrest,  Wm.  S.  Hist,  and  Descrip.  Sketches  of  Nor- 
folk, Va.,  Portsmouth,  Ac,  for  2110  Years.  Phila.,  1S6.3,  8vo. 
Forrester,  Alexamler,  of  the  Middle  Temple,  was 
a  reporter  of  learning  and  skill,  but  would  not  permit  his 
name  to  be  attached  to  the  Chancery  Cases  lemp.  Talbot, 
taken  from  his  notes.     This  eollection  was  first  pub.  in 
1741 ;  again  in  1753,  fol. ;  and  in  1792,  8vo,  by  J.  G.  Wil- 
liams.    They  are  sometimes  cited  as  Forrester's  Reports. 
A  number  of  cases  in  Hovenden's  Supp.  to  Vesey,  Jr.'s 
Chancery  Cases  were  also  taken  from  Forrester's  MSS. 
Forrester,  Alfred  Henry.  See  CuowguiLL,  Alfred. 
Forrester,  J.  R.    Chemical  Observ.  and  E.iper.  on 
Air  and  Fire,  from   the  German  of  Chas.  Wm.  Scheele ; 
with  Notes  by  R.  Kirwan,  and  a  Letter  from  Dr.  Priestley, 
Lon.,  1780,  8vo. 

Forrester,  James.     Tho  Marrow  and  Juice  of  200 
Scriptures.  Lou,,  Kill,  4to. 

Forrester,   Thomas.      The  Ilierarchieal  Bishops. 
Ac;  in  answer  to  Dr.  Scott,  Dr.  Monro,  and  Mr.  Honey- 
man,  1699. 
Forrester,  Wm.     Gent.  Farrier,  1788,  Svo. 
Forry,  S.     1.  The  Climate  of  the  United  States  and 
its  Endemic  Influences,     N.  York.  1842,  8vo. 

"  A  volume  of    highly  interesting    facts    condensed   into  the 
smallest  compass." — ton.  Athenwum. 
2.  Meteorology,  1S43,  foL 

Forset,  Edward.  Bodies  Natural  and  Politique,  1 606. 
Forss,  Charles.  Practical  Remarks  upon  the  Educa- 
tion of  the  Working  Classes. 

Forster,  A.  V.     Fatal  Ambition  ;  a  Rom.,  1811. 
Forster,  Charles,  Rector  of  Stifsted.     1.  Discourses 
on  Scrip.  Hist.  &,c.,  Lon.,  1823,  8vo.     2.  Critical  Essays 
on  Genesis,  Cliap.  xx.,  and  on  Saint  Matthew,  Chap.  ii. 
17,  18;  with  Notes,  1827,  8vo. 

"  Tlie  professed  aim  of  Mr.  Forster  in  the  publication  of  these 
©SKiys,  is  to  lower  the  modem  continental  system  of  biblical  inter- 
pretation."— Vlji  supra,  q.  v. 

3.  Mahometanism  Unveiled,  1829,  2  vols.  Svo. 
"Objectional  statements  in  this  work.     See  Christian  Observer 
and  Burder* s  Rise  and  Progress  and  Termination  of  Mahommedan- 
ism,  1S30,  Svo."~Bidin-steth's  C.  .V. 

Also  see  areview  in  Brit.  Critic,  vii.  1.  4.  Life  of  Bishop 
Jebb;  new  ed.,  1837,  Svo. 

"  The  whole  of  the  biography  is  written  in  a  spirit  of  good  feeling 
and  good  taste,  which  do  the  highest  honour  to  Mr.  Forster." — 
Brit.  May. 

5.  The  Apostolical  Authority  of  the  Epistle  to  the  He- 
brews, 1838,  Svo. 

"The  irresistible  conclusion  from  the  whole  of  the  author's  ela- 
borate researches  is.  that  that  Epistle  is  the  genuine  production  of 
the  great  apostle  of  the  Hebrews." — Sonu^s  Bibl.  Bib.,  q.v.,et  Brit. 
Crit,  xxvi.  167. 

6.  The  Hist.  Geography  of  Arabia:  or,  the  Patriarchal 
Evidences  of  Revealed  Religion,  1844,  2  vols.  Svo.  The 
Appendix  contains  translations  of  the  celebrated  Hamya- 
ritic  Inscriptions,  recently  discovered  in  Hadraraaut. 
7.  The  One  Primeval  Language,  Pts.  1,  2,  and  3,  1S51-52- 
54,  Svo.     8.  Six  Preaclicr  Serms.,  1853,  Svo. 

Forster,  Rev.  Edward.  1.  The  Ar.ibian  Nights' 
Entertainment,  trans.,  with  engravings  from  pictures  by 
Smirke,  Lon.,  1802,  5  vols.  Svo.  Some  copies  on  largo 
paper,  4to.  Late  eds.,  1839,  r.  Svo;  1847,  r.  Svo;  1853, 
demy  Svo.  This  has  been  commended  as  a  very  elegant 
tr.anslation.  There  are  .also  versions  by  Beaumont,  Lane, 
Macnaghten.  Scott,  and  Torrens.  Res]iccting  new  transla- 
tio'ns,  see  Westminster  Rev.,  xxxi.  265,  xxxiii.  201,  and 
Lon.  Monthly  Rev.,  cix.  362.  Also  see  notices  of  the 
Arabian  Nights  in  Lon.  For.  Quar.  Rev.,  xiv.  350,  xxiv. 
139 :  Lon.  Eclec.  Rev..  4th  s..  viii.  041  ;  Amer.  Whig  Rev., 
vi.  601  ;  and  especially  the  introduction  to  Forster's  trans., 
ed.  1839,  by  G.  Moir  Bussey.  Tho  Rev.  Richard  Hole's 
Remarks  on  the  Arabian  Nights'  Entertainments,  Lon., 
1797,  Svo,  throw  much  light  on  the  subject.  This  work 
was  first  introduced  to  European  readers  in  1704,  through 
the  French  trans,  of  M.  Antony  Galland,  Prof,  of  Arabic 
in  the  Roy.  Coll.,  Paris.  Mr.  Forster  trans,  this  into  Eng- 
lish, correcting  M.  Galland's  inaccuracies.  Mr.  Lane's 
trans,  is  immediately  from  the  Arabic.  This  is  a  pleasant 
theme,  and  we  leave  it  with  regret.  We  should  be  glad 
616 


FOR 

to  quote  the  testimonies  of  Lady  Montague,  Colonel  Cap- 
per,  D.allaway,  Lane,  and  others,  to  the  value  of  this  work, 

_    <■    :.t.c..i ...»»:*.,«»  nf  t\\o  1<iT,r1  BjbATft    tbnv    **  talk  in 


as  a  faithful  portraiture  of  the  land  where  they 
flowers." 

"  The  Arabian  Nights  have  lost  none  of  their  charms  for  me.  All 
the  learned  and  wiseacres  of  Kngland  cried  out  against  this  won- 
derful work,  upon  its  first  appearance ;  Gray  among  the  rest.  Yet 
I  doubt  whether  an^  man,  except  Shakspeare,  has  afforded  so 
much  delight,  if  we  open  our  hearts  to  receive  it.  The  author  of 
the  Arabian  Nights  was  the  greatest  benefactor  the  East  ever  had. 
not  excepting  Mahomet.  How  many  hours  of  pure  happiness  has 
he  bestowed  on  six-and-twentv  millions  of  hearers !  All  the  springs 
of  the  Desert  have  less  refieshed  the  Arabs  than  those  delightful 
tales,  and  they  cast  their  gems  and  genii  over  our  benighted  and 
foggy  regions." — Leigh  Hu.nt. 

2.  Anacreontis  Oda?,  &c.,  1802.  Svo.  3.  The  Brit.  Gal- 
lery of  Engravings,  with  descriptions.  12  Nos.  complete  ; 
52  Plates,  £2  2«.  each  ;  large  paper,  £3  13».  6rf.  each. 
North  sale,  with  proofs  and  etchings  on  India  Paper, 
£40  19«. 
Forster,  Edward.  See  Foster. 
Forster,  Edward,  Jr.  Catalogus  Avium  in  Insulis 
Brit.annicis  h.aliitantiuui,  Lon.,  1817,  Svo. 

Forster,  George,  d.  1792,  an  employee  in  the  Civil 
Service  of  the  E.  India  Conip.any.  1.  Sketches  of  the  My- 
thology and  Customs  of  the  Hindoos,  Lon.,  1785,  Svo.  2.  A 
Journe"y  from  Bengal  to  England,  1798,  2  vols.  4to ;  1808, 
2  vols.  Svo.  This  traveller  is  not  to  be  confounded  with 
George  Forster,  the  companion  of  Captain  Cook,  who, 
being  a  foreigner,  (George  was  a  native  of  Dantzic,  and 
his  father,  J.  R.  Forster,  a  native  of  Dirschau,)  can  claim 
no  place  in  our  Dictionary. 

Forster,H.P.  1.  A  Bengalee  .and  English  Vocabulary, 
in  tw.>  Pts.,  Calcutta,  1799-1802,  2  vols.  4to.  2.  Essay  on 
the  Principles  of  Sanskrit  (Jramniar.  Pt.  1,  ISOl,  r.  4to. 

Forster,  John.  England's  happiness  increased  by  a 
Plantation  of  Potatoes,  Lon.,  1664,  4to. 

Forster,  John,  of  Beercrocomhe.     .Serm.,  174G,  4to. 
Forster,  John,  of  Elton.     Serms.,  1756,  '57,  '64. 
Forster,  John.     Observ.  on  our  Saviour's  Discourse 
with  the  Pharisee  Lawyer;  anon.,  Lon.,  «.  a.,  12mo. 

Forster,  John,  Her  Majesty's  Chaplain  of  the  Savoy. 
1.  The  Churchman's  Guide;  a  Copious  Index  of  Serms. 
and  other  Works,  by  eminent  Church  of  Eng.  Divines, 
digested  and  arranged,  according  to  their  subjects,  and 
brought  down  to  the  present  day,  Lon.,  1840,  Svo. 

"  I  would  have  young  clergymen  make  very  great  use  of  the 
works  of  able  Divines ;  not  inconsiderately  and  servilely  transcribe 
them,— but  moditj-,  digest,  contract,  amplify,  vary,  adapt  them  to 
the  purpose, — improve,  if  possible,  what  they  may  find  in  them  : 
for  then  it  will  fairly  become  their  own,  and  mix  naturally  with 
what  jiroceeds  altogether  from  themselves."— SECKElt, 
2.  The  Gospel  Narrative,  3d  ed.,  1847,  r.  Svo. 
"  I  think  the  work  will  be  very  acceptable  to  serious  readers,  by 
pointing  out  the  solution  of  doubts  and  objections,  and  setting 
the  language  and  actions  of  our  blessed  Lord  in  their  true  light." 
— T/ie  Late  Ardihhhap  of  Paiiterhurt/. 

"I  think  it  likely  to  be  extensively  and  profitably  used." — 
Arcltbishop  n/  York. 

"I  know  no  Harmony  which  m.ay  be  consulted  with  so  much 
advantage." — Bishop  of  Winc/irsler. 

Also  commended  by  the  present  Archbp.  of  Canterbury, 
the  Archbp.  of  Armagh,  and  the  Bps.  of  Exeter,  Lichfield, 
Lincoln,  Winton,  Lhindaff,  and  Worcester. 

Forster,  John,  of  the  Inner  Temple,  b.  1812,  at  New- 
castle, England,  occupies  an  eminent  position  as  a  jour- 
nalist and  author.  He  has  for  twenty-four  years  written 
for  tho  London  Examiner,  for  the  last  twelve  of  which  he 
has  had  tho  sole  charge  of  the  editorial  department  (See 
FosBL.iNQUE,  Alb.inv.)  Ho  has  contributed  to  the 
Edinburgh  Review,  the  Foreign  Quarterly  Review,  (of 
which  he  was  for  four  years  the  editor.)  and  other  publica- 
tions. After  Charles  Dickens  left  tho  Daily  News,  Mr. 
Forster  acted  as  editor  for  a  short  season.  Mr.  F.  is  best 
known  to  the  public  by  his  two  popular  works  entitled, 
1.  The  Statesmen  of  the  Commonwealth  of  England,  Lon., 
1840,  7  vols.  fp.  Svo.  New  ed.,  1854,  2  vols,  demy  Svo. 
Also  pub.  in  Dr.  Lardner's  Cabinet  Cyclopasdia,  vols,  ii.,  iii., 
iv.,  v.,  and  vi.  Amer.  od.,  N.  York,  1847,  Svo,  edited  by 
Rev.  J.  0.  Choulcs. 

"  This  chain  of  biographies  may  be  considered  as  constituting  a 
complete  narrative  of  the  most  extraordinary  and  eventful  period 
in  the  history  of  England.  We  regard  them  as  additions  ot  the 
very  highest  value  to  what  we  may  term  our  political  literature." 
— Lon.  Morn.  Citron. 

2.  The  Life  and  Adventures  of  Oliver  Goldsmith,  1848, 
Svo.  New  ed.,— The  Life  and  Times  of  Oliver  Gold- 
smith,—1S54,  2  vols.  Svo.  Abridged  ed.,  1855,  cr.  Svo. 
It  is  well  known  that  the  publication  of  this  work 
was  the  occasion  of  a  controversy  with  Mr.  Prior  rela- 
tive to  the  use  made  by  »Ir.  Forster  of  his  materials. 
See  Lon.  Athenseum,  June  16  and  17,  184S.      Without 


FOR 


FOR 


entering  into  nny  detailed  discussion  of  the  matter,  for 
whieii  we  have  neither  space  nor  inclination,  we  may  be 
excused  for  the  expression  of  the  opinion  that  Mr.  Prior 
greatly  ma,gniticd  his  grievances,  if  indeed  any  existed, 
of  which  we  are  by  no  moans  persuade*!.  Perhaps  Mf, 
Forster  should  have  been  rather  more  liberal  in  acknow- 
ledgments; but  Mr.  Prior 's  claim  to  a  permanent  mono- 
poly of  facts,  by  whomsoever  discovered,  which  have  be- 
come items  of  current  knowledge,  is  surely  unten.able. 
Mr.  Forster's  biography  has  been  greatly  and  deservedly 
admired  :  we  have  space  for  a  few  lines  only  of  quotations, 
and  must  refer  the  inquisitive  reader  to  the  Dublin  Univ. 
Mag.,  Sharpo's  Mag.,  and  the  N.  Amer.  llov.  Our  quota- 
tions shall  be  of  passages  in  which  the  three  prominent 
biographers  of  Goldsmith — Prior,  Forster,  and  Irving — 
are  all  introduced. 

"  Mr.  Forster's  spirited  .ind  eloquent  sketch,  though  deformed  by 
certain  mannerisms,  or  rather  Carlylisms.  which  we  would  rather 
have  seen  avoided,  is,  unquestionably,  a  valuable  addition  to  our 
standard  litL-raiy  biography  ;  whilst  to  the  ■  voluminous  and  in- 
defatigable" .Mr.  Prior  belongs  the  undisputed  honour  of  having 
colletded  and  preserved,  from  tradition  and  other  sources,  nearly 
all  the  particulars  of  Goldsmith's  life,  which  could  by  possibility 
t«  discovered.  We  do  not  wish  to  disparage  the  patient  research 
and  euthusi;istic  labours  of  Mr.  Prior,  when  we  speak  of  Mr.  Fors- 
ter's work  as  readable,  valuable,  and  entertaining;  for  the  diligent 
compiler  and  the  skilful  adapter  are  in  our  opinion  equally  en- 
titled to  their  meed  of  approbation.  Nor  will  we  quarrel  with  the 
work  of  Washington  Irving,  because  it  contains  no  startling  fact 
that  is  not  to  be  found  in  the  two  preceding  biographies." — 
F.  Lawren'ce:  Sliarj>^^s  ton.  Mag, 

"  Mr.  Prior  was  a  laborious  collector  of  tacts,  who,  bv  dint  of  pa- 
tient research,  and  nothing  else,  made  a  book  as  little  attractive 
as  a  Life  of  Ooldsmith  could  be.  Mr.  Foister  drew  from  the  distatf 
thus  carefully  stored  with  raw  material  a  smooth  thread,  around 
which  he  allowed  all  the  characteristic  circumstances  and  associa- 
tions of  the  time  to  crystallize,  forming  a  mass  at  once  solid  and 
transparent,  but  not  without,  now  and  then,  a  little  superfluous 
glitter.  Mr.  Irving,  selecting  at  will  from  the  whole,  has,  with  his 
usual  taste,  presented  us  with  ■  gems  in  order,  fitly  set,'  from  whose 
shifting  and  delicate  hues  Hashes  forth  a  portrait,  possessing  the 
accuracy  without  the  hardness  of  the  daguerreotype,  though  not, 
like  that,  made  of  sunshine." — iV.  Amer.  Rev..  Ixx.  266. 

Any  writer  might  well  feel  proud  of  the  commendation 
of  Washington  Irving,  and  wo  therefore,  in  justice  to  Mr. 
Forster,  quote  a  graceful  compliment  paid  to  the  latter  in 
the  Preface  to  Irving's  Life  of  Goldsmith.  Mr.  Irving's 
original  biographical  sketch  was  published  some  years  be- 
fore the  appearance  of  Forster's  biography.  This  sketch 
the  author  was  induced  to  enlarge  that  it"  might  take  its 
proper  place  in  the  revised  series  of  his  works,  issued  by 
Messrs.  George  P.  Putnam  &  Co.  of  New  York.  The  re- 
ference to  Mr.  Forster's  biography  alluded  to  is  as  follows : 
"When  I  was  about  of  late  to  revise  my  biographical  sketch, 
preparatory  to  publication,  a  volume  was  put  into  my  hands,  re- 
cently given  to  the  public  by  Jlr.  .Tohn  Forster,  of  the  "inner  Tem- 
ple, who,  likewise  availing  himself  of  the  labours  of  the  indefati- 
g.able  Prior,  .and  of  a  few  new  lights  since  evolved,  has  produced  a 
biography  of  the  poet,  executed  with  a  spirit,  a  feeling,  a  grace, 
and  an  elegance,  that  leave  nothing  to  be  desired.  Indeed  it  would 
have  been  presumption  in  me  to  undertake  the  subject  after  it  had 
been  thus  felicitously  treated,  did  I  not  stand  committed  by  my 
previous  sketch." 

Mr.  Forster  has  increased  the  obligations  of  the  public 
by  the  publication  of  his  Lives  of  Daniel  Do  Foe  and 
Charles  Churchill.  Reprinted,  with  Additions,  from  the 
Edin.  Rev.,  and  forming  Pts.  76  and  77,  or  vol.  xxxviii., 
of  Longman  &  Co.'s  Travellers'  Library.  In  these  bio- 
graphies Mr.  Forster  has  pursued  the  same  plan  which 
renders  his  Life  of  Goldsmith  so  v.aluable  a  picture  of  the 
men  and  manners  of  the  day :  ho  surrounds  us  with  the 
shades  of  the  departed  great,  the  contemporaries  of  De 
Foe  and  Churchill,  whose  influence  pervaded  all  the  rami- 
fications of  political  and  social  life.  Mr.  Forster  pub.  in 
1858  Historical  and  Biographical  Esisays,  2  vols. ;  com- 
posed of  articles  originally  contributed  to  "quarterly  reviews, 
and  of  new  matter.    Commended  in  Lon.  Athcn.,  1858,  020 

Forster,  Joseph.  The  Origin  of  Evil,  the  Fou'nda-' 
tion  of  Morality, and  the  Imniaterialitv  of  the  Soul,  1734, Svo 

Forster,  Nathaniel,  1717-1757,  a  divine  of  gre.at 
learning,  was  a  native  of  Stadscombe,  Devonshire,  and 
educated  at  Eton,  and  Corpus  Christi  Coll.,  Oxf.,  of  which 
he  bccamo  Fellow,  1729;  Rector  of  Hethe,  Oxfordshire, 
1749;  Preb.  of  Bristol  and  Vicar  of  Rochdale,  1754; 
Preacher  at  the  Rolls,  1757.  1.  Antiq.  of  Govt.,  Arts,  and 
Sciences,  in  Egypt,  Oxf.,  174,',,  8vo.  2.  Platonis  Dialog! 
quinque,  1745,  '52,  '65.  First  ed.  the  best.  3.  Account 
supposed  to  have  been  given  of  Jesus  Christ  by  Josephus, 
Oxf.,  174'.l,  Svo.  Highly  commended  by  Warburton  and 
Bryant.  4.  Eiblia  Hcbraica,  sine  punctis,  Oxon.,  1750,  2 
vols.  4to.  5.  Remarks  on  Stibbing's  Diss,  on  Marria^-e  of 
Minors,  1755.     6.  Serms.,  1746-67.  ° 

"  I  have  often  wished  for  a  hand  capable  of  collecting  all  the 


tV.agments  remaining  of  Porphyry,  Celsus,  Ilierocles,  and  .Julian, 
and  giving  them  to  us  with  a  just,  critical,  and  theological  com- 
ment, as  a  Defy  to  Infidelity.  .  .  .  This  would  be  a  very  noble 
work.  I  know  of  none  that  has  all  the  talents  fit  for  it  but  your- 
self .  .  .  Think  of  it;  you  cannot  do  a  more  useful  thing  to  reli- 
gion or  your  own  chanacter." — Bishop  Warburton'g  Letter  to  Dr. 
Forster. 

Would  that  the  hint  had  been  carried  out !  The  work 
would  have  been  curious  and  interesting;  though,  as  re- 
gards Evidences  of  Christianity,  he  who  can  withst;ind  tho 
evidences  within,  around,  and  before  him,  written  and  un- 
written, is  surely  beyond  all  human  suasion. 

Forster,  Nathaniel,  Rector  of  All-Saints,  Colchester. 
1.  Serms.,  1767,  '70.  2.  An  Inquiry  into  the  Causes  of  the 
Present  High  Price  of  Provisions,  in  two  Parts,  Lon., 
1767,  8vo. 

"This  is  pei'haps  the  ablest  of  the  many  treatises  published 
about  this  period,  on  the  rise  of  prices.  It  contains,  indeed,  not 
a  few  principles  and  conclusions  that  are  quite  untenable.  But 
the  comprehensiveness  of  the  author's  views,  and  the  liberal  and 
philosophical  spirit  by  which  the  wor-k  is  pervaded,  make  it  both 
valuable  and  intei-esting.  ...  It  affords  ample  evidence  of  tho 
authors  talent  and  zeal  for  the  public  good." — McCuUoch's  Lit.  of 
Polit.  Econ. 

3.  An  Answer  to  Sir  John  Dalrymplo's  Pamphlet  on  the 
Exportation  of  Wool,  Celebes.,  1782,  Svo. 

Forster,  Nicholas,  Bishop  of  Killaloe.     1.  Serm.  on 
l.Cor.  i.  111.  Dubl.,  1710,  4to.    2.  On  Tim.  ii.  1.  2,  1716,  Svo. 
Forster,  R.  B.     Travels  through  Louisiana,  trans, 
from  M.  Bossu,  1771-72,  2  vols.  Svo. 

"Chiefly  interesting  from  the  minute  details  into  which  it  enters 

respecting  the  Illinois  territory.   Sir.  Forster's  translation  contains 

a  catalogue  of  American  plants." — Strvenson's  Voyages  ami  Travels. 

M.  Bossu  pub.  a  few  years  afterwards  Nouveaux  Voyages 

dans  I'Amcrique  Septentrionale. 

Forster,  K.  W,  E.  The  Copyhold  and  Customary 
Tenure,  Ac.  Acts,  i  and  5  Vict.,  and  6  and  7  Vict.,  Lon., 
1843,  12rao. 

Forster,  Richard,  M.D.  Ephemerides  Meteorological! 
ad  ann.  1575.  ic,  Lon.,  1575,  Svo. 

Forster,  Richard.     Serm.,  16S4,  4to. 
Forster,  Rev.  Richard.     Bills  of  Mortality  of  Great 
Shefford,  and  other  con.  to  Phil.  Tr.ans.,  1757,  ■5"il,  '62. 
Forster,  Samuel.     See  Fosteh. 
Forster,  Samuel.     Digest  of  Laws  rel.  to  Customs 
and  N.avigation,  &c.,  Savoy,  Lon.,  1727,  Svo.     The  intro- 
duction contains  a  valuable  Dissertation  on  the  Nature, 
Extent,  and  Method  of  Collection  of  the  Ancient  Revenue 
of  the  Crown. 

Forster,  Thomas.   The  Layman's  Lawyer,  1656,  '58. 
Forster,  Thomas.     Serms.,  1672,  1715,  'IS. 
Forster,  Thomas.     A  New  Islaml,  lately  raised  out 
of  the  sea  near  Tercera;  Phil.  Trans.,  1722. 

Forster,  Thomas.  Serms.  and  Letters.  1759,  '64. 
Forster,  Thomas.  Tracts  ag.  (^u.akers,  Ac,  ISIO,  '13. 
Forster,  Thomas.  1.  Nat.  Hist,  of  the  Swallow, 
6th  ed.,  Lon.,  1817,  Svo.  2.  Atmospheric  Phenomena,  1813, 
'15,  '23,  Svo.  3.  Poems  of  Catullus,  ]2mo.  4.  Perpetual 
Calendar  Illustrating  the  events  of  every  Day  in  the  Year, 
as  connected  with  Hist.,  Chronol.,  Botany,  Nat.  Hist.,  As- 
tron.,  Customs,  Antiq.,  Ae.,  Svo. 

"  Much  credit  is  due  to  the  author-  for  the  mass  of  useful  infor- 
mation be  has  conrpiled.  and  for  the  judicious  manner  in  which  he 
has  contrived  to  relieve  the  dryness  of  scientific  detail  by  the  in- 
trodui-tion  of  .amusing  anecdotes  and  occasional  remar-ks." — Loii. 
Eclectic  Beview. 
Other  works. 

Forster,  Thomas  Furley.  1.  Flora  Tonbridgensis, 
1801, 12mo;  1816,  cr.  Svo.  2.  Viola.  3.  Caltha;  in  Trans. 
Linn.  Soc,  1802,  '07. 

F'orster,  Thompson.  1.  Con.  Med.  Facts,  1794,  '95. 
2.  Con.  to  Med.  Chir.  Trans.,  1814. 

Forster,  VVestgarth.  Treat,  on  a  Sec.  of  the  Strata 
from  Newcastle-upon-Tyne  to  Cross  Fells,  2d  ed.,  1821,  Svo. 
Forster,  VVni.  Oughtred's  Circles,  1632,  '60. 
Forster,  Wm.  Causes  and  Cures  of  Diseases,  1745,  Svo. 
Forster,  Wm.  Serm.,  Lon.,  1755,  4to. 
Forster,Wm.,Minister  of  the  Congreg.  Ch.,  Kentish 
Town.     Discourses,  &c.,  Lon.,  1850-52. 

Forsyth,  Alex.  Culture  of  the  Potato,  Lon.,  1848,  Svo. 
"Tbrt    subjects   are   most  judiciously   handled." — Donaldson's 
Agricidt.  Biog. 

Forsyth,  C.    Laws  of  Trusts  in  Scot.,  Edin.,  1S44,  Svo. 

Forsyth,  J.  S.  The  Antiquary's  Portfolio,  Lon.,  1825, 
2  vols.  p.  Svo. 

Forsyth,  J,  S.  A  Synopsis  of  Medical  Jurisprudence, 
Anatomically,  Physiologically,  and  Porensic.ally  illustrated 
for  the  Facirlty  of  Medicine,  Coroners,  M.agistrates  Law- 
yers, and  Jurymen,  Lon.,  1829,  12mo.  This  is  indeed  » 
subject  of  great  importance.  See  Beck,  J.  R.  and  John 
B.;  Dean,  Amos;  Dusolison,  Robley;  Fabr,  Samuel; 

617 


FOR 


FOR 


FoKBLANQUE,  John  S.  M. ;  Ray,  Isaac;  Traill,  Thomas 

Stewart;  Stille,  Moretox;  Wharton,  Francis,  Ac. 
Forsyth,  James.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1616,  4to. 

Forsyth,  John  Hamilton.  Mem.  of,  with  a  Selec- 
tion of  his  Serms.,  by  the  Kev.  Edward  Wilson,  Lon.,  1849, 
8vo;  2(1  ed.,  1S50,  8vo;  3d  ed.,  1851,  Svo. 

Forsyth,  Joseph,  1763-1815,  a  native  of  Elgin,  in  the 
county  of  Mor.ay,  conductor  of  a  classical  school  at  New- 
ington-Butts,  near  London,  travelled  upon  the  Continent, 
and  was  imjjrisoned  for  several  years  whilst  Great  Britain 
was  at  war  with  France.  Remarks  on  Antiiiuities,  Arts, 
and  Letters,  during  an  Excursiun  in  Italy,  1SU2-03,  Lon., 
1813,  Svo;  ■tth  ed.,  corrected  and  completed  to  1835,  8vo. 
_  "The  best  book  that  has  yet  appeared  on  Italy,  whether  we  con- 
sider the  depth  .ind  originality  of  the  remarks,  or  the  terseness  and 
nervousness  of  the  language.  Matthews  justly  describes  it  as  'a 
mine  of  uriginal  remarks,  expressed  in  the  most  forcible  language.' " 

"An  aduurable  work,  giving,  in  a  short  compass,  much  informa- 
tion, and  indicating  strong  powers  of  mind  and  a  correct  taste."— 
Stevenstni's  Voyages  and  Travels, 

"  There  are  countries  of  the  globe  which  possess  a  permanent 
and  peculiar  interest  in  human  estimation.  They  are  thr.se  where 
the  most  momentous  historical  events  occurred  and  civilization 
first  dawned.  Foremost  among  them  stands  Italy.  Thus,  so  ac- 
curate a  work  as  the  one  mentioned  will  be  perused  with  great 
interest  and  pleasure." — N.  Amer.  Ji<-ii. 

"An  .iccomplished  traveller,  of  extraordinary  capacity,  extensive 
erudition,  and  refined  taste." — Lord  Bvron. 

Forsyth,  Robert.  1.  Principles  and  Prac.  of  Agri- 
cult.  E.Kplained,  Ediu.,  1804,  2  vols.  Svo.  Originally  pub. 
in  Encyc.  Brit,  4th  ed. 

"The  writer  displays,  throughout,  much  sound  sense,  and  a 
sober  discretion,  ,as  in  every  work  that  was  done  by  the  author." 
— DonaldsmVs  Agricult.  Biog. 

2.  Beauties  of  Scotland,  1805,  5  vols.  8vo.  3.  The  Prin- 
ciples of  Moral  Science,  1805,  vol.  i.,  8vo. 

"It  cannot  be  denied,  we  think,  that  it  indicates  very  consider- 
able talents,  and  treats  of  a  most  important  subject  with  some 
spirit  and  ingenuity."— Lord  jEprEEv:  Edin.  lien.,  vii.  413.  q.  r. 

Forsyth,  Wm.,  1737-1804,  a  native  of  Old  Mcldrum, 
county  of  Aberdeen,  Sup't  of  the  Chelsea  Gardens  until 
1784,  when  he  became  Sup't  of  the  Royal  Gardens  at  Ken- 
sington and  St.  James.  1.  Diseases,  Ac.  of  Fruit  and  Fo- 
rest Trees,  Lou.,  1791,  Svo.  2.  Culture  and  Management 
of  Fruit  Trees,  1802,  4to;  1824,  Svo.  Trans,  into  French 
by  Pictet-Mallet. 

Forsyth,  VVm.,  Jr.,  son  of  the  preceding,  and  his  suc- 
cessor at  Chelsea  Gardens.  A  Botanical  ^'omenclator,  Lon., 
1794,  Svo.     Highly  esteemed  in  its  d.ay. 

Forsyth,  VVm.,  Barrister-at-Law,  late  Fellow  of  Trin. 
Coll.,  Camb.  1.  Ahridgt.  of  the  Slat.  rel.  to  Scot.,  1789- 
1827,  Edin.,  1S27,  3  vols.  Svo.  2.  Diet,  of  the  Stat.  Laws 
of  Scot.,  1842,  2  vols.  Svo.  3.  Compos,  with  Creditors,  Lon., 
1841,  Svo;  2d  ed.,  1S44,  Svo.  Amor,  ed.,  Ilarrisburg,  1845, 
Svo.  4.  Law  rel.  to  Simony,  1S44,  Svo.  5.  Hortensius : 
an  Hist.  Essay  on  the  Duties  of  an  Advocate,  1849,  p.  Svo. 

"  Hortensius  is  an  attempt  to  represent,  in  an  historical  fashion, 
the  progress  of  the  writer's  craft,  from  the  rude  forms  of  the  an- 
cient codes  to  the  complicated  m.achinerv  of  modern  statutes  at 
large ;  and  we  must  admit  that  the  author  has  written  a  very 
pleasant  and  u.seful  book." — Lun.  At/iena-um. 

6.  Laws  rel.  to  the  Custody  of  Infants,  1850,  Svo.  7.  Hist, 
of  Trial  by  Jury,  1852,  Svo.  Quoted  in  Lieber'a  Work  on 
Civil  Liberty. 

Fort,  Francis.     Gamaliel;  a  Serm.,  Lon.,  175.3,  Svo. 

Fortescue,  Earl.  Selce.  from  the  Speeches  and 
Writings  of  Lord  King,  with  a  Short  Introductory  Memoir 
by  Earl  Fortescue,  Lon.,  1S44,  demy  Svo. 

"lie  p'jssessed  those  great  rerjuisites  of  happiness — equanimity, 
cheerfulness  of  temper,  and  the  habit  of  continually  employing 
his  mind  in  the  pursuit  of  uoble  or  useful  objects."— £<;rd  King's 
Life  of  Locke. 

"Earl  Fortescue  has  rendered  good  service  to  both  economic 
and  moral  science  by  this  seasonable  publication.  His  selections 
are  most  judiciously  made,  aud  will  raise  his  relative's  character 
as  an  able  and  upright  politician,  whose  views  were  singularly  in 
advance  of  his  age.  while  every  parliamentary  session  adds  proof 
of  their  soundness." — Lon.  AtJiaicpum. 

Fortescue,  Lady  E.  Hymns,  mostly  from  the  Ger- 
man, Lon.,  1847,  18mo. 

P'ortescue,  J.,  D.D.  Essays,  Moral  and  Miscella- 
neous, Lon.,  1752,  '59. 

Fortescue,  Sir  John,  suppo.sod  to  have  died  about 
1485,  aged  90,  was  the  third  son  of  Sir  Honry  Fortescue, 
Lord  Chief  Justice  of  Ireland.  Prince,  in  his  Worthies 
of  Devonshire,  presumed  him  to  have  been  educated  at 
Oxford,  and  Bishop  Tanner  locates  him  at  Exeter  Coll. 
At  Lincoln's  Inn  he  soon  became  famous  for  his  knowledge 
of  civil  and  common  law,  and  in  14.i0  was  made  a  Serjeant- 
at-Law;  in  1441,  King's  Serjeant-at-Law;  and  in  1442 
Chief  Justice  of  the  King's  Bench.  He  stood  high  in  fa- 
vour with  Henry  VI.,  and  when  that  monarch  was  obliged 
to  take  refuge  in  Scotland,  Fortescue  clung  to  his  fallen 


fortunes.  It  was  probably  at  this  time  Henry  created  him 
Chancellor  of  England.  In  1463  he  accompanied  Queen 
Margaret,  Prince  Edward,  and  a  number  of  the  adherents 
of  the  House  of  Lancaster,  to  Flanders,  where  he  remained 
many  years.  Whilst  thus  in  exile,  he  composed  his  cele- 
I  brated  work  entitled  De  Laudihus  Legum  Angliie,  with  a 
view  to  the  future  guidance  of  Prince  Henry,  if  he  should 
ever  reach  the  throne.  The  young  prince  was  cut  off  by 
I  the  hand  of  the  murderer  in  tho  flower  of  his  days,  but  the 
j  De  Laudihus  Legum  Anglh'e  has  survived  many  thrones, 
I  and  is  still  resorted  to  as  a  fountain  of  inestimable  wisdom, 
Fortescue  returned  to  England  with  Queen  Margaret  and 
Prince  Edward,  and  was  taken  prisoner  after  the  battle 
of  Shrewsbury,  in  1471.  He  was  pardoned  by  King  Ed- 
ward, retracted  a  paper  he  had  written  against  the  claims 
of  the  House  of  York,  and  lived  the  rest  of  his  days  in 
learned  retirement  at  Ebburton,  in  Gloucestershire.  In 
addition  to  the  work  noticed  above,  he  left  many  Latin 
tracts,  (MSS.,)  and  an  English  treatise,  entitled  The  Dif- 
ference between  an  Absolute  and  Limited  Monarchy,  as  it 
more  particularly  regards  the  English  Constitution.  This 
was  pub.  in  1714,  Svo,  with  Remarks  by  the  author's  de- 
scendant, John  Fortescue  Aland.  It  proves  and  enlarges 
upon  the  superior  degree  of  liberty  possessed  by  the  Eng- 
lish over  the  French.  It  was  probably  written  after  De 
Laudihus,  Ac,  as  the  author  does  not  quote  it  in  the  latter 
work.  See  Oldys's  Brit.  Lib.,  250-254.  The  De  Laudihus 
Legum  Angliai  was  first  printed  by  Whitchurch,  sine  anno, 
but  in  the  early  part  of  the  reign  of  Henry  VIII.  In  1516, 
12mo,  a  trans,  into  English,  made  by  Robert  Mulcaster, 
was  given  to  the  world.  Reprinted  1567,  '73,  '76,  '7S,  '99, 
1609,  with  Hongham's  Summa;  Magna  et  Parva,  and  Notes 
by  Selden  on  De  Laudihus,  Ac,  1616,  '60,  '72.  Mulcaster, 
the  translator,  says,  in  his  dedication  to  John  Walshe : 

"It  hapued  me  of  late  to  light  upon  this  little  Treatise,  which  I 
incoutiuent  desired  to  runue  ouer,  because  it  seemed  to  discourse 
upon  some  points  of  the  law  of  our  couutrie  whereof  I  myself  then 
was  and  am  now  a  student.  AVhen  1  had  ouerrunne  it,  and  be- 
cause I  wished  all  men  to  bane  part  of  my  delight,  methougbt  it 
good  to  translate  it  into  Kuglish  forth  of  Latine." 

Trans,  into  English,  illustrated  with  the  Notes  of  Mr. 
Selden,  and  a  great  variety  of  Remarks  with  respect  to  the 
Antici.,  Hist.,  and  Laws  of  Eng. ;  to  which  arc  added  the 
Suuimae  of  Hengham,by  J.  Glanvill,  1737,  fob;  2d  ed.,  1741. 
Now  ed.,  including  Selden's  Notes  and  Hengham's  Summae, 
with  a  large  Hist.  Pref.  by  Francis  Gregor,  1775,  Svo. 
The  notes  and  references  in  this  ed.  are  more  ample  than  in 
any  of  the  preceding  eds.,  and  the  trans,  is  more  accurate. 
The  last  ed.  of  Fortescue  is  by  A.  Amos,  Camb.,  1S25,  Svo. 
The  trans,  is  the  same  as  Gregor's : 

"  Professor  Amos  judiciously  retained  some  of  the  notes  of  former 
editions,  but  for  tho  most  part  added  new  ones,  which  are  less 
copious  than  Gregor's.  Professor  Amos  discharged  the  office  of 
Anuotator  with  ability  and  moderation." — Marvin's  Leg.  Bibl.^  q. 
V.  for  a  reference  to  authorities  subjoined. 

In  1663,  fob,  Mr.  E.  Waterhouse  pub.  Fortescutus  Hlus- 
tratus;  or,  A  Comment,  on  that  Nervous  Treatise,  De  Lau- 
dihus Legum  Anglia3.  For  llargrave's  opinion  of  this 
work  see  W.\terhouse,  E.  The  merits  of  De  Laudihus 
Legum  Anglh-B  are  unquestionable  ;  and,  as  we  have  already 
stated,  its  authority  has  lost  nothing  by  the  lapse  of  time  : 

*'  All  good  men  and  lovers  of  tho  Enghsh  constitution  speak  of 
him  with  honour;  aud  he  still  lives,  in  tho  opinion  of  all  true 
Englishmen,  in  as  high  esteem  and  reputation  as  any  judge  that 
ever  sat  in  Westminster  Hall." — John  Fortescue  Aland. 

We  quote  some  other  commondations  of  this  learned 
Treatise ; 

"  Aureolum  hunc  dialogum-libellum.  de  quo  dicit  potest  id  quod 
de  fluvio  Teleboa  scripsit  Xenophon,  Mcyas  ftci;  of  xa^os  Sc  .  .  . 
Certe  leges  nostria?  ut  iu  illo  libro  videbis  persapienter  compo- 
sitae." — Sir  Wiluam  Jones,  in  a  klfer  to  a  tnirned  J'oreigner. 

"  ilis  writing  showeth  a  sharp  judgment,  and  in  this  is  exquisite 
and  artificial,  that  when  he  eudeavoureth  to  be  plain,  he  speaketh 
not  to  be  profijund,  for  he  writ  to  a  king,  who  deserved  things 
plainly  opened." 

"  Sir  John  Fortescue.  whose  learned  '  Commentaries  on  the  Law' 
make  him  famous  to  all  posterity," — Fttlkr's  Worthies  of  Devonshire. 

".\n  admiratile  treatise,  which,  for  the  excellence  of  its  method, 
solidity  of  matter,  aud  justness  of  its  views,  excels  every  work  on 
that  subject." — Henkv. 

"An  ingenious  defence  of  the  Common  Law  of  England  against 
the  attacks  of  civil  lawyers.  Bracton  and  Fortescue  are  the  two 
most  learned  and  almost  the  only  learned  of  the  Ancient  Law- 
yers."— Bishop  Warbititon. 

"It  displays  sentiments  upon  liberty  and  limited  government 
which  one  could  not  expect  to  find  in  a  writer  of  this  period;  and 
there  runs  through  the  whole  an  air  of  probity  that  conciliates  the 
attention  of  the  reader." 

See  10  Rep.,  Pref.  28;  3  Pref.  21;  Willes,  543;  1  West's 
Ca.,  temp.  Hard.,  27;  10  West.  Rov.,  97;  North's  Dis.,  85; 
No.  64.  L.  M.,  283;  1  Kent,  501  :  Pref.  Gregor's  Fortescue; 
Fulbeck's  Preparative,  70 ;  4  Reeves's  Hist,,  112;  Nicol- 
son's  Eng,  Hist.  Lib.,  163;  Marvin's  Log.  Bib.,  319. 


FOR 


FOS 


Fortescue,  Sir  John.  See  Alanh.  John  Fortescue. 
Fortescue,  John.     Serin.,  1760,  8vo. 
Fortescue,  Thomas.     The  Foreste  or  Collection  of 
Historyes — nu  less  protitable  than  pleasant  and  necessary, 
done  out  of  French  into  English,  Lon.,  1671,  4to. 

"The  genius  of  these  tak-s  may  hv  discerned  fruiii  their  history. 
The  book  is  said  to  have  been  written  in  Spanish  by  Petro  do 
Messia,  then  translated  into  Italian,  thence  into  French  by  Claude 
Crnget.  a  citizen  of  Paris,  and  lastly  from  French  into  English  by 
Fortescue.    Itut  many  of  the  stories  seem  to  have  originally  mi- 
grated from  Italy  to  Spain." — WuHmi's  Hist,  of  Eng.  Poi:t. 
Forth,  Earl  of.     Letter  to  Earl  of  Essex.  1643,  4to. 
Forth,  Henry.     Supper  of  our  Lord,  1548,  16mo. 
Forth,  Win.     Letter  to  Bp.  of  Norwich,  1813. 
Fortnum,  Mrs.     1.  The  Adventures  of  Victor  Allen ; 
a  Nov.,  lSti:»,  2  vnls.     2.  Cordelia.  2  vols. 

Fortrcy,  Samuel,  a  Gentleman  of  the  King's  Bed- 
chamber. England's  Interest  and  luiprovement,  consist- 
ing in  the  Increase  of  the  State  and  Trade  of  this  King- 
dom, Camb.,  166:J,  '73,  1744,  8vo. 

"  Chietiy  remarkable  for  having  powerfully  assisted  in  raising 
and  perpetuating  that  prfjudice  against  the  trade  with  France 
■which  resnlted  not  long  after  in  its  almost  total  prohibition." — 
McCuUoch's  Lit.  of  I'oUt.  Econ. 

F'ortuue,  E.  F.  T.  1.  Epitome  of  the  Stocks  and 
Funds,  Lon.,  1796.  12mo ;  16th  cd.,  by  D.  M.  Evans,  1851, 
12mo.  2.  Hist,  of  the  Bk.  of  England,  1796,  Svo.  3.  Nat. 
Life  Annuities,  1800. 

Fortune,  Robert,  b.  1813,  at  Berwick.  Scotland. 
Three  Years'  Waiidcriugs  in  the  Northern  Provinces  of 
China;  3d  ed.,  Lon.,  1853.  2  vols.  p.  8vo. 

"  Mr.  Fortune  was  sent  to  China  for  the  purpose  of  obtaining  new 
plants,  and  his  instructions  directed  him  to  pay  all  possible  attention 
to  the  horticulture  and  agriculture  of  the  people;  and  on  these 
points  his  work  will  be  most  welcome." — Lon.  Gardener's  Chron. 

"Tliis  is  a  genuine  book, — as  full  of  interest  and  amusement  as 
it  is  empty  of  pretences  at  fine  writing." — Lmi.  At/ien. 

Two  Visits  to  the  Tea-Countries  of  China,  2  vols.  p.  Svo. 
A  Residence  among  the  Chinesej  being  the  Third  Visit 
from  1853  to  1S56,  8vo,  1857. 

Fosbrooke,  John.  Six  Serms.,  Camb.,  1633,  4to. 
Fosbrooke, Thomas  Dudley,  1770-1842,  educated 
at  St.  Paul's  Scliool.  and  Pembroke  Coll.,  Oxf. ;  M.A., 
1792:  Curate  of  Ilorslej.  1794;  Curate  of  Walford,  1810, 
and  Vicar,  1830.  1.  The  Economy  of  Monastic  Life,  as  it 
existed  in  England;  a  Poem,  with  Pbilos.  and  Archa?ol. 
lUust.,  Lon.,  17'J5,  4to.  2.  British  Monachism  ;  or,  Man- 
ners and  Customs  of  the  Monks  and  Nuns  of  England. 
To  which  are  added,  I.  Pereijrinaturintn  Eeliij'njsum,  or 
Manners  and  Customs  of  ancient  Pilgrims;  II.  Cousuetu- 
dinal  of  Anchurets  and  Hermits;  III.  Account  of  the 
Contitientes,  or  Women  who  had  made  Vows  of  Chastity; 
IV.  Four  Select  Poems,  in  various  Styles,  2d  ed.,  1817,  4to. 
"  A  considerable  portion  of  this  work  having  been  re-writteu. 
with  the  view  of  introducing  large  and  impoitant  accessions  from 
the  ancient  Chroniclers,  and  especially  from  Dv  C.vnge,  (a  work  as 
recondite  as  MS.  to  all  but  our  first  aut)i[uaries,)  the  present 
edition,  enlivened  by  reflections  suited  to  history,  is  adapted,  not 
to  the  antiquary  only,  but  to  the  general  reader,  as  inteiest,  cu- 
riosity, and  entertainment,  have  been  studiously  consulted." 
New  ed.,  with  addits.,  1S43,  2  vols.  r.  Svo. 
The  first  edition  of  this  work  was  most  favourably  no- 
ticed by  all  the  lleviews. 

'•  Mr.  Fosbrooke  has  given  to  the  publick,  chiefly  from  MS.  au- 
thorities, a  comprehensive  view  of  the  character  and  manners  of 
monastic  life;  and  has  brought  together  many  tacts,  which  serve 
to  wist  a  li;j,ht  on  the  history  of  human  nature.  The  manners  of 
the  period  which  furnished  his  materials  were  so  entiiely  din"erent 
from  those  of  the  present  times,  that  the  relation  of  thom  is  highly 
gratifying  and  instructive.  This  work  contains  much  curious 
and  original  information." — British  Crilic,  1802. 

See  this  work  reviewed  in  the  Gentleman's  Magazine 
for  January,  February,  and  March;  and  also  in  the  British 
Critic  for  February,  1818. 

See  a  review  of  this  work,  and  an  elaborate  paper  on 
British  Monachism,  by  Robert  Southey,  in  the  London 
Quart.  Rev.,  xxiii.  59-102. 

"  Having  thus  noticed  some  errors  in  Mr.  Fosbrooke's  work,  it 
would  be  highly  unjust  were  we  not  at  the  same  time  to  state 
that  it  contains  a  great  deal  of  curious  and  reeondite  information, 
and  that,  wherever  the  subject  permits,  the  author  gives  proof  in 
the  liveliness  of  his  expressions  of  a  vigorous  and  original  mind." 
— Ubi  supra. 

"  Foshrooke's  learned  work  on  British  Monachism." — Silt  Walteb 

SOOTT. 

3.  Hist,  of  the  County  of  Gloucester,  from  the  Papers  of 
Ralph  Bigland,  &c.,  1807.  2  vols.  4to.  4.  Letter  to  Can- 
ning. 180y,  Svo.  5.  Key  to  the  N.  Te?t..  1815,  12mo. 
Compiled  from  Whitby,  Hammond,  and  Bishop  Mann. 
6.  Berkeley  MSS.,  1821,  4to.  7.  Companion  to  the  Wye 
Tour,  Ross,  1821,  Svo.  8.  Account  of  Cheltenham,  Lon., 
12mo.  9.  Account  of  Ragland  Castle,  12mo.  10.  Enry- 
clopsedia  of  Antiquities   and  Elements  of  Archjeology, 


1823-25,  2  vols.  4to ;  pub.  in  numbers,  1841,  r.  Svo.    New 
ed.,  with  improvements,  1843,  2  vols.  r.  Svo  ;  107  Plates. 

"■A  work  as  original  as  it  is  important — elegantly  written,  and 
full  of  interesting  information,  with  which  every  person  of  liher.al 
education  ought  to  be  acquainted.  No  good  library  should  be 
without  it." — Lon.  Literary  Chronicle. 

11.  Archseol.  Sketches  of  Ross  and  Archenfield,  1821, 
12mo.  12.  The  Tourist's  Grammar,  1826,  12mo.  13.  A 
Treatise  on  the  Arts,  Manners,  Manufactures,  and  Institu- 
tions of  the  Romans,  1833-35,  2  vols.  fp.  Svo;  Lardner's 
CycloptBdia.  Every  antiquarian  collection  should  contain 
Mr.  Fosbrooke's  works. 

Fosket,  Henry.  1.  Facts  Explan.  of  his  Conduct, 
1810.  Svo.  2.  Rights  of  the  Army  Vindicated,  1810,  Svo. 
3.  Supp.,  1812,  Svo. 

FosSj  Edward.  1.  The  Grandeur  of  the  Law;  or.  the 
Legal  Peers  of  England:  with  Sketches  of  their  Profess. 
Career,  Lon.,  1843,  12mo.  2.  The  Judges  of  England,  vol. 
i.,  1066-1199;  vol.  ii.,  1199-1272,  pub.  Lon.,  1348,  Svo. 
Vulsiii.  and  iv.,  1272-1483.  1851,  Svo.  Vol.  v..  The  Tudors, 
and  vol.  vi.,  The  Stuarts,  1857,  (an  interesting  portion  of 
constitutional  history.) 

Notices  of  vols.  iii.  and  iv. : 

"This  work  will  supply  an  important  deficiency  in  English 
literature, — a  deficiency  long  felt  and  acknowledged  by  more  than 
those  engaged  in  the  study  and  practice  of  the  law.  .  .  .  The 
Judges  of  England  is  an  excellent  book,  and  will,  without  doubt, 
be  appreciated  as  well  by  the  public  at  large  as  by  the  members 
of  the  legal  profession.'"— Ttn'/'s  E<lin.  M-.kj. 

"  A  correction  of  many  errors,  an  addition  of  much  new  informa- 
tion, and  a  better  general  view  of  a  strictly  legal  history  than  any 
other  jurist,  historian,  or  biographer,  had  heretofore  attempted  to 
give." — Lon.  Examiner. 

"  A  work  which  cannot  be  too  highly  estimated,  whether  for 
the  impoi-tance  of  its  object,  or  the  great  learning,  extraordinary 
research,  judgment,  and  impartiality,  which  are  bestowed  on  all 
parts  of  its  composition." — Lon.  Legal  Observer. 

"  He  has  written  a  book  which  has  added  more  to  our  know- 
ledge of  legal  history  than  any  single  book  published  since  M:v- 
dox's  History  of  theExchequer."— Z-oh.  Gent.  May. 

Foss,  John.     Serm.,  1735,  Svo. 

Fossat,  George.  On  the  Trinity,  Lon.,  1796,  '97,  Svo. 

Fossat,  Thomas.     Serm.,  1613,  Svo. 

Foster.  1.  First  Principles  of  Chemistry,  N.  York, 
12mo.     2.  Chart  of  the  Organic  Elements. 

Foster,  Mrs.  1.  Handbook  of  Modern  European 
Literature,  Lon.,  1S49,  12mo.  The  object  of  this  book 
is  not  so  uuich  to  give  elaborate  criticisms  on  the  vari- 
ous writers  in  the  languages  to  whose  literature  it  is  in- 
tended as  a  guide,  as  to  direct  the  student  to  the  best 
writers  in  each,  and  to  inform  him  on  what  subjects  they 
have  written. 

"  The  attempt  of  the  authoress  is  educational ;  but  the  qualities 
of  her  researches  are  so  laboured,  and  the  information  she  has  g.i- 
thered  is  so  comprehensive,  that  the  book  will  be  an  acquisition 
to  every  well-selected  library  as  a  means  of  reference  in  all  cases 
where  memory  tails,  or  where  much  time  without  it  would  be  lost 
in  making  reseaicbes."— £(.'W'.?  Lon.  Messenger. 

2.  Vasari's  Lives  of  the  Painters,  Sculptors,  and  Archi- 
tects; trans,  by  Mrs.  F.,  and  pub.  in  Bohn's  Standard 
Library,  5  vols.  p.  Svo. 

"The  enthralling  Biographies  of  Vasari, — biographies  which, 
from  their  peculiar  diversity  and  fascination,  have  caused  the  late 
unfortunate  Uaydon  to  exclaim  with  enthusiasm,  '  If  I  were  con- 
fined to  three  books  in  a  desert  island,  I  would  certainly  choose 
the  IJible,  Shakspeare,  and  Vasari.' ''—  Westminster  and  For.  Quar. 

Il-iV. 

Foster,  Lt.,  of  the  First  Dragoons.  Military  Instruc- 
tions from  the  late  King  of  Prussia  to  his  Generals,  1797. 

Foster,  A.  F.  1.  Spanish  Literature,  Lon.,  1851, 
12mo.  2.  General  Treatise  on  Geography,  1853,  12nio. 
3.  Italian  Literature,  1853,  12mo. 

Foster,  Authony,  1785-1820,  of  Charleston,  S.  C. 
Sernis. 

Foster,  Arthur.  Digest  of  the  Laws  of  Georgia, 
1820-29,  inclusive,  Phila..  1831,  Svo. 

"  This  is  an  unauthorized  Digest,  embracing  the  same  period  as 
Dawson's,  and  contains  an  Appoudix  of  Forms  used  in  carrying 
the  Laws  into  effect." 

Foster,  Sir  Augustus  J,,  Brit.  See.  of  Legation  at 
Washington,  180-1-06;  Envoy  to  America,  1811-12.  Notes 
on  the  United  States,  Lon.,  1841,  Svo.  Unpublished.  See 
an  interesting  review  of  this  work,  with  many  extracts,  in 
the  Lon.  Quar.  Rev.,  Ixviii.  20-57. 

"  We  cannot  conclude  wilhout  once  more  hinting  our  hope  that 
Sir  Augustus  Foster  may  give  these  Notes  to  the  public  at  large. 
The  specimens  now  quoted  will,  we  are  persuaded,  induce  both 
friends  and  strangers  in  Englaud  and  in  America  to  unite  in  our 
wishes.'' — Ubi  supra. 

Foster,  Benjamin, 1750-1798,  rainisterin  New  York, 
was  a  native  of  Danvers,  Mass.     Theolog.  treatises. 

Foster,  Birket.  1.  Christmas  with  the  Poets  j  a 
collec.  of  Songs,  Carols,  (fee,  with  50  Illus.  by  B.  F.,  Lon., 
1850,  r.  Svo;  2d  ed.,  1851,  r.  Svo. 


FOS 

"  We  unbesitatinply  place  this  most  perfect  specimen  of  biblio- 
praphic  art  at  the  head  of  its  class.  It  is  a  worlt  of  enduring 
value,  as  well  in  its  literary  as  in  its  elegant  embellishmentd." — 
X.  rork  Literary  Wurld. 

2.  Cowper's  Task,  with  Illustrations,  Edin.,  1855.  The 
London  Art  Journal  says  of  it : 

"  We  wonder  what  the  bard  of  Ouse  would  say  to  this  exquisite 
edition  of  his  favourite  poem,  could  he  see  it.  Such  a  lover  of  na- 
ture  as  he  was.  how  his  eye  would  have  li^ihted  up  at  Mr.  Foster's 
delicious  bits  of  landscape — simple,  truthful,  and  poetical  as  the 
lines  they  illustrate.  We  have  often  had  occasion  to  commend 
Mr.  Foster's  landscape  compositions,  but  we  have  never  seen  his 
pencil  more  charmiufily  evinced  than  on  this  volume." 

"One  of  the  most  beautiful  gift-lKioks  which  has  appeared  this 
season — one  of  the  most  beautiful,  indeed,  which  has  ever  appeared 
in  any  season — is  a  new  edition  of  'The  Task,'  of  Cowper,  richly  ^ 
illustrated  by  Birket  Foster." — ton.  Quar.  Jiev. 

"Among  the  pictorial  iiift-books  of  the  season,  the  chief  place 
belongs  to  the  'illustrated  edition  of  Cowper's  Task.'  It  is  alto- 
gether a  beautiful  work,  and  one  of  perennial  value." — L071.  Lit. 
Gcurette. 

To  Mr.  Foster  we  are  indebted  for  a  number  of  other  \ 
beautiful  Illustrations.  1 

Foster,  C.  J.  1-  On  the  London  University.  2.  Ele- 
ments of  Jurisprudence,  1854,  p.  8vo. 

Foster,  or  Forster,  Edward.     Prin.  and  Prac.  of  1 
Midwifery.     Completed  and  corrected  by  J.  Sims,  M.D., 
Lon.,  1781,  8vo. 

Foster,  Francis.  Thoughts  on  the  Times,  but 
chiefly  on  the  Profligacy  of  Women,  and  its  Causes,  Lon., 
1779.  12mo.  j 

Foster,  George.     1.  Sounding  of  the  last  Trumpet, 
IfioO,  4to.     2.  Pouring  out  of  the  Seventh  and  last  Vial, 
1660,  4to. 
Foster, Georgius.  De  Epilepsia,  Lugd.  Bat., 1679, 4to. 
Foster,  Hannah,  an  American  authoress.     The  Co- 
quette; or.  The  History  of  Eliza  Wharton.     New  ed.,  with 
a  Preface  by  Mrs.  Jane  E.  Locke,  1855.     This  melancholy 
story  is  founded  on  fact.    See  Cheney,  Hahriet  V. ;  CcsH- 
ING,  Mrs. 
Foster,  Henry.  Trained  Bands  of  London,  1643, 4to. 
Foster,  Henry.     Serm.,  1777,  8vo. 
Foster,  Henry,  1746-1814,  entered  at  Queen's  Coll., 
.  Oxf.,  1764;  Perpetual  Curate  of  St.  James's,  Clerkenwell, 
1804.     1.  Grace  Displayed  and  Saul  Converted;  sub.  of  a 
Serm.,  Acts  ix.  11,  Lon.,  1776,  8vo.     New  ed.,  1814,  8to. 

2.  The  Bible  Preaclier;   or.  Closet  Companion  for  every 
Day  in  the  Year,  1824,  12mo. 

"  A  work  worthy  the  attention  of  all  clergymen,  dissenting  mi- 
nisters, and  all  denominations  of  Christians." — LQivndvs's  Brit.  Lib. 

Foster,  Rev.  J.  K.  1.  RecoUee.  of  Rev.  G.  D.  Owen, 
Lon.,  1838,  8vo.     2.  Convers.  on  Brit.  Ch.  Hist..  1848, 12mo. 

3.  Strong  Consolation,  or  the  Penitent  Sinner  Encouraged, 
32mo. 

Foster,  James,  D.D.,  1697-1753,  a  native  of  Exeter, 
began  to  jireach  as  a  dissenting  minister,  1718,  minister  at 
Barbican,  London,  1724;  at  Pinner's  Hall,  1744.  Ho  was 
originally  an  Independent,  but  was  subsequently  baptized 
by  immersion.  In  1728  he  commenced  the  series  of  Sun- 
day Evening  Lectures — continued  for  more  than  twenty 
years — which  were  numerously  attended  by  persons  of  all 
ranks  of  life  and  all  classes  of  opinions. 

"  Here,"  says  Dr.  Fleming,  "  was  a  confluence  of  persons  of  every 
rank,  station,  and  quality.  Wits,  freethinkers,  numbers  of  clergy; 
who,  whilst  they  gratified  their  curiosity,  had  their  professions 
shaken  and  their  prejudices  loosened.  And  of  the  usefulness  and 
success  of  these  lectures  he  had  a  large  number  of  written  testi- 
monials from  unknown  as  well  as  known  persons." 

Perhaps  no  preacher  ever  maintained  an  enthusiastic 
popularity  for  a  longer  period.     Pope  sang  his  praises,  and 
Savage  declared  llnre  was  none  to  be  named  with  him. 
"Let  11U..I1  -.f  I'ostiT,  if  he  will,  excel 
Ten  Metropolitans  in  preaching  well." 

Prtf.  to  Pope's  Satires. 
"  But  see  the  accomplish'd  t>rator  appear, 
Kefined  his  language,  and  his  reason  clear! 
Thou,  Foster,  only,  hast  the  pleasing  art. 
At  once  to  charm"the  ear,  and  mend  the  heart." 

S.\v.\GE. 
Lord  Bolingbroke  noticed  the  popular  favourite  after  his 
own  fashion,  by  ascribing  to  him,  but  erroneously,  it  is  said, 
the  absurd  saying,  often  quoted  by  shallow  disputants, 
"Where  mystery  begins,  religion  ends." 
But  it  has  been  remarked  that, 

"  Whatever  his  person.al  virtues  and  popular  talents,  he  neither 
professed  nor  possessed  much  zeal  for  the  essential  doctrines  of 
Christianitv." 

1.  Occasional  Serms.,  1720,  '32,  '41,  '42,  8vo.  2.  Scrms., 
1732,  '33,  '37,  8vo.  3.  Serms.,  in  4  vols.  8vo  ;  4th  and  best 
cd.,  1755.  4.  Discouri-es  on  Natural  Religion  and  Social 
Virtues,  1749-52.  2  vols.  4to.  5.  Essay  on  Fundamentals; 
especially  the  Trinity.  1720,  8vo.  A  celebrated  essay. 
6.  Defence  of  the  Usefulness,  Truth,  and  Excellency  of  the 
Christian  Religion,  1731,  8vo.  Written  against  Tindah 
620 


'  ■■^'  FOS 

"  This  is  generally  and  justly  .acknowledged  to  he  an  ingenious 
performance,  and  written  with  great  clearness  of  thought  and  ex- 
pression."—ic^"(^'s  I>ei.stical  Writers,  q.  v. 

"It  reflects  much  credit  on  the  abilities  and  ingenuity  of  the 
author."    .'^ee  Wilson's  Hist,  of  Diss.  Churches. 

7.  Answer  to  Dr.  Stebbing's  Letter  on  Heresy,  1735,  8vo : 
do.  to  his  2d  Letter,  1736,  "8vo. 

Foster,  John.  1.  Oratio  habita  C.antahrigi.'E  in  Col- 
legio  Regali,  Cantab.,  1752,  4to.  2.  Dissertatio,  Lon., 
1768,  4to. 

Foster,  John,  of  Elton.     Serms.,  Lon.,  1756,  '57,  8vo. 

Foster,  John,  1731-1773,  a  native  of  Windsor,  edu- 
cated at  Eton  and  King's  Coll.,  Camb.,  Master  of  Eton, 
1765;  Canon  of  Windsor,  1772.  An  Essay  on  Accent  and 
Quantity,  Eton,  1762,  Svo  ;  3d  ed.,  1820,  Svo.  An  esteemed 
work.  The  3d  ed.  contains  Dr.  Gally's  two  Dissertations 
against  pronouncing  the  Greek  language  according  to 

Foster,Rt.  Hon.  John,M.P.  Speeches,1793,'99,8vo. 

Foster,  John.     Poems  on  Relig.  Subjects,  1798,  Svo. 

Foster,  John,  D.D.,  1783-1829,  minister  of  Brighton, 

Mass.,  husband  of  Hannah  Foster,  author  of  The  Coquette. 

Semis.,  1799,  !S02,  '03,  '05,  '09,  '17. 

Foster,  John.  On  the  Method  of  Illustrating  Scrip- 
ture from  the  relation  of  Modern  Travellers,  1802,  8vo. 

Foster,  John,  1770-1843,  a  native  of  Yorkshire,  Eng- 
land, was  the  son  of  a  farmer,  who  employed  his  leisure 
hours  in  weaving,  and  taught  his  son  the  use  of  the  hand- 
wheel.  When  14  years  of  age,  John  was  placed  under  the 
care  of  a  manufacturer,  who  soon  discovered  that  his  stu- 
dious apprentice  would  prove  but  .an  unprofitable  assistant. 
Discharged  from  a  distasteful  employment,  he  determined 
to  study  for  the  ministry,  and  entered  the  Baptist  College 
at  Bristol,  where  he  soon  gained  distinction  by  intellectual 
abilities.  In  1792  he  commenced  preaching,  and  officiated 
among  the  Baptists  at  Newcastle-upon-Tyne.  Dublin,  Chi- 
chester, Duwnend,  near  Bristol,  and  Frome,  in  Somerset- 
shire, in  succession.  Obliged  by  a  glandular  affection  of 
the  neck  to  discontinue  preaching,  he  retired  to  Stapleton, 
near  Bristol,  and  here  he  devoted  himself  to  literary  com- 
position, for  which  few  have  been  so  well  qualified.  He 
was  the  principal  contributor  to  the  Eclectic  Review,  and 
for  a  period  of  thirteen  years  wrote  for  its  columns  those 
excellent  essays  which  gave  that  periodical  so  extensive 
and  durable  a  reputation.  We  should  not  fail  to  mention 
that  the  "Friend"  to  whom  he  addressed  his  essays  was  a 
Miss  Maria  Snooke  of  Downcnd,  who  subsequently  became 
Mrs.  John  Foster.  For  further  particulars  respecting  this 
excellent  man  and  eminent  writer,  we  must  refer  the  reader 
to  his  Life  and  Correspondence,  by  J.  E.  Ryland  ;  with  No- 
tices of  Mr.  Foster  as  a  preacher  and  companion,  by  John 
Sheppard,  Lon.,  1846,  2  vols.  p.  Svo;  2d  ed.,  1848,  2  vols. 
Svo.  New  ed.,  (Bohn's  Stand.  Lib.,)  1852,  2  vols.  12mo; 
Boston,  1850,  2  vols,  in  1,  12mo. 

'■In  the  interesting  volumes  before  us  we  find,  and  principally 
in  his  own  woids,  a  full  and  tiithful  register  of  the  leading  events 
in  his  life,  and  of  the  more  interesting  movements  in  his  spiritual 
history.  The  book  is  arranged  on  a  plan  somewhat  similar  to  that 
adopted  in  Carlyle's  work  on  Cromwell.  The  biography  constitutes 
an  intermitting  chain  between  the  numerous  letters,  and  is  exe- 
cuted in  a  modest  and  intelligent  manner.  Besides  his  correspond- 
ence, theie  are  large  and  valuable  excerpts  from  his  journals,  and 
to  the  whole  are  appended  interesting  though  slight  notices  of  his 
character,  from  the  pen  of  Mr.  Sheppard." — Gilftllan's  Sccund  Gal- 
kry  of  Lit.  Pirrtraits. 

In  1SU5  Mr.  Foster  pub.  (1.)  Essays,  in  a  Series  of  Let- 
ters to  a  Friend,  on  the  following  sulijecis:  1.  On  a  man's 
;  writing  memoirs  of  himself;  2.  On  Decision  of  Character; 
3.  On  the  .'ippliealion  of  the  epithet  Romantic;  4.  On  some 
of  the  causes  by  which  Evangelical  Religion  has  been  ren- 
dered less  ucceplable  to  persons  of  cultivated  taste,  9th  ed., 
1830,  Svo.  Tlie  final  corrections  of  the  author  appear  in 
this  ed.,  from  which  the  subsequent  eds.  were  printed;  13th 
ed.,  1839,  12mo;  21st  ed.,  1850.  p.  Svo. 

"  I  happened  myself  to  be  in  Bristol  at  the  moment  when  his 
four  essays  were  first  issuing  from  the  press;  and  everywhere  1 
heard  so  pointed  an  account  of  the  expectations  connected  with 
Foster  by  his  religious  party,  that  I  made  it  a  duty  to  read  his 
book  without  delay.  It  is  a  distant  incident  to  look  back  upon; 
gone  by  far  more  than  thirty  years;  but  I  remember  my  first  im- 
pressions, which  were  these:— first.  That  the  novelty  or  weight  of 
the  thinking  was  hardly  sutficient  to  account  for  the  sudden  popu- 
larity, without  some  e3-tra  influence  at  work;  and,  secondly, That 
the  contrast  was  remarkable  between  the  uncoloured  style  of  his 
general  diction,  and  the  brilliant  felicity  of  occasional  images  em- 
broidered upon  the  sober  ground  of  his  text.  The  splendour  did 
not  seem  spontaneous,  or  growing  up  as  part  of  the  texture  within 
the  loom;  it  was  intermitting,  and  seemed  as  extraneous  to  the 
substance  as  the  fiowei  s  which  are  chalked  for  an  evening  upon 
the  floors  of  ball-rooms." — De  Quincet/'s  £ssays  cni  the  Ibets  and 
other  Eng.  Writers,  q.  v. 

The  eminent  authorities  next  to  be  quoted  take  a  very 
different  view  of  our  author. 


FOS 


FOT 


"The  author  places  the  idea  whirh  he  wishes  to  present  in  such 
a  flood  of  light,  that  it  is  not  merely  visible  itself,  but  it  seems  to 
illumine  all  around  it.  lie  paiuts  metaphysics,  and  has  the  happy 
art  of  arranj^inj;  what  in  other  hands  would  appear  cold  and  com- 
fortless abstractious,  in  the  warmest  colours  of  fancy.  Without 
quitting  his  argument  in  pursuit  of  ornament  or  imagery,  his 
imagination  becomes  the  perfect  handmaid  of  his  reason,  ready  at 
every  moment  to  spread  her  canvas  and  present  her  pencil." — 
Robert  IUll. 

"  I  have  read,  with  the  greatest  admiration,  the  Essays  of  Mr. 
Foster,  lie  is  one  of  the  most  profound  and  eloquent  writers  that 
England  has  produced." — Sir  James  Mackintosh. 

"  Mr.  Foster's  Essays  are  full  of  ingenuity  and  original  remarks. 
The  style  of  them  is  at  once  terse  and  elegant."' — Dr.  Dicdin  : 
Library  Coinjy. 

"A  very  accurate  and  powerful  writer  of  the  present  day,  Mr. 
Foster,  in  his  Essay  on  Decision  of  Characttr."  &c. — Samdel  \Var- 
ken:  Ten  Thousand  a  Y&ar.  And  see  the  same  author's  Introduc. 
to  Law  Studies. 

It  would  bo  easy  to  multiply  commendations. 

In  1S19  appeared  (2)  the  Essays  on  the  Evils  of  Popu- 
lar Ignorance.  New  ed.,  16th  thousand,  including  the 
Discourse  on  the  Communication  of  Christianity  to  the 
People  of  India,  1850,  sm.  Svo. 

This  the  author  considered  his  best  work,  and  is  the  one 
by  which  he  wished  his  literary  claims  to  be  estimated. 
The  fact  of  its  not  having  sold  so  well  as  bi.s  other  Essays 
was,  he  used  to  say,  a  proof  of  Popular  Ignorance.  The 
author  was  not  the  only  admirer  of  his  performance  : 

"A  work  which,  popular  and  admired  as  it  coufessi?dIy  is,  hns 
never  met  with  the  thousandth  part  of  the  attention  which  it  de- 
serves. It  appears  to  me  that  we  are  now  at  a  crisis  in  the  state 
of  our  country  and  of  the  world,  which  renders  the  reasonings  and 
exhortations  of  that  eloquent  production  applicable  and  urgent 
beyond  all  power  of  mine  to  express." — Dr.  J.  Pye  Smith. 

*'  If  any  have  yet  to  learn  the  Evils  of  Popular  Ignorance,  let 
them  survey  the  chambers  of  imagery  in  this  original  and  affect- 
ing Essay,  and  if  they  can  receive  impressions,  they  will  never 
more  forget  that  the  people  aiNj  destroyed  for  lack  of  knowledge." 
^Dr.  John  Harris,  author  of  Mamnum. 

3.  Contributions,  Biographical,  Literary,  and  Philosophi- 
cal, to  the  Eclectic  Review,  1840,  2  vols.  Svo. 

"They  are  worthy  to  go  along  with  the  reviews  of  Hall,  Macjiu- 
lay,  and  Jeffrey.  I'rofound,  keen,  courteous,  powerful  in  reason- 
ing, vigorous  and  massive  in  style,  and  eminently  Christian  in 
sentiment,  they  will  sulTer  nothing  by  comparison  with  the  writ- 
ings of  those  justly-celebrated  men  in  the  most  important  points, 
while  iu  some  they  possess  an  evident  superiority." — Lon.  Congre- 
gationul  Mog. 

"  We  believe  that  no  Review  in  England,  in  America,  or  on  the 
Continent,  can  boast  of  more  precious  treasure.s  than  those  dis- 
closed in  the  volumes  before  us." — Lon.  Evainj'lii-<i(  Mag. 

'"■  We  question  if  there  be  another  Review  in  Kinope  that  could 
show  such  a  series  of  papers  as  Foster  contributed  to  the  Eclectic." 
— United  S':cession  Magazine,  Anguj^t. 

"Had  the  Eclectic  Review  achieved  nothing  else  for  letters  and 
piety  than  eliciting  the  contributions  of  Foster,  it  would  have 
established  strong  claims  to  public  gratitude." — Lon.  Christian 
Wilnrss. 

4.  Lectures  delivered  at  Broadmead  Chapel,  Bristol. 
1st  Series,  1844,  Svo;  3d  ed.,  1848,  12mo.  2d  Series,  1847, 
8to;  2ded.,  1848,  12mo. 

"We  know  of  nothing  in  the  language  equal  to  the  Tjectnres 
upon  IliBtoiical  Subjects  from  the  Old  aud  New  Ti-staments  in 
point  of  grajihical  vividii.'ssof  description  and  pitiruinuily  instruct- 
ive comment.  All  tlie  discoveries  are  rich  in  thought  aud  deeply 
impressive;  and  of  all  Mr.  Foster's  writings,  they  give  us  the  best 
and  truest  impress  of  the  real  character  of  his  mind." — Lon. 
Patriot. 

5.  Introductory  Essay  to  Doddridge's  Rise  and  Progress, 
1847,  12mo. 

"In  point  of  direct  religious  utility,  it  has  been  surpassed  by 
none  of  his  writings." — Jiyhtnd's  Life  of  Foster,  vol.  ii.  p.  17. 

"  Several  parts  I  have  had  to  write  anew  and  differently;  minor 
corrections  to  an  endless  amount.  To  think  how  much  ado.  of 
talking,  fretting,  pacing  the  room  morning  and  night,  pleading 
excuse  from  preaching  and  visiting,  setting  aside  of  plans  for 
South  Wales,  &c.;  and  all  for  what? — a  Preface  to  Doddridge's 
Rise  and  Progress." — John  Foster. 

"In  simplicity  of  language,  in  majesty  of  conception,  in  the  elo- 
quence of  that  conciseness  which  conveys,  in  a  short  sentence, 
more  meaning  than  the  mind  dares  at  once  admit,  his  writings 
are  unmatched." — Ni/rth  British  Review. 

"  His  Essays  are  original,  and  calculated  to  enlarge  the  mind." 
— Sicker steth's  C.  S. 

"  For  twenty  years  we  have  heen  enthusiasts  in  reference  to  this 
writer's  genius." — GiLriLLA>f :  Seco/id  Gallery  of  Lit.  Pod. 

"  Mr.  (lilfiUan  possibly  overrates  the  power  of  this  essayist,  and 
the  hold  which  ho  has  upon  the  public  mind.  It  is  singular, 
meanwhile,  that  whatever  might  be  its  degree,  much  or  little,  ori- 
ginally his  influence  was  due  to  an  accident  of  position,  which,  in 
some  countries,  would  have  tended  to  destroy  it.  He  was  a  Dis- 
senter."— De  Quincev  :  Essays  on  the  Potts,  and  other  Eng.  Writers. 

The  reader  can  pure^ue  the  subject  in  the  two  works  last 
named,  and  many  of  the  leading  periodicals  of  the  day. 

Foster,  John  Leslie.  1.  Essay  on  the  Principles 
of  Commercial  Exchanges,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1804,  Svo. 

"  In  this  very  able  treatise  Mr.  Foster  gives  the  earliest  explana- 
tion of  the  real  natureand  influence  of  absentee  expenditures  that 
we  have  met  with." — MrCidh'ch^s  Lit.  of  Pjlit.  Kcon. 

2.  Speech  rol.  to  R.  Catholics  in  Ireland,  1812,  Svo, 


Foster,  Joseph.     Sec  Forster. 

Foster,  Mark.     A  Treat,  of  Trigonometry. 

Foster,  Sir  Michael,  IGS9-1763,  an  eminent  law- 
yer, a  native  of  Marlborough,  AViltr^hire,  educated  at  Exe- 
ter Coll.,  0.\f.,  entered  the  Mbldlo  Temple  in  170T,  was 
knighted  and  made  a  Judge  of  the  Court  of  King's  Bench 
in  1745.  1.  Letter  to  Prot.  Dissenters,  1720.  2.  Exam. 
of  the  scheme  of  Church  Power  laid  down  in  the  Codex 
Juris  Ecclosiastici  Anglieani,  Ac,  1735. 

"In  this  he  controverted  the  system  of  Church  power  vested  in 
the  clergy,  and  which  forms  the  groundwork  of  Bishop  <jiljsou's 
*  Codex."' 

Several  answers  appeared,  the  principal  one  by  Dr.  An- 
drews, a  civilian.  3.  The  King  against  Alex.  Bruadfoot, 
Oxf.,  1758,  4to.  4.  Report,  etc.  rel.  to  trial  of  the  Rebels 
in  1746;  1762,  fol.;  1770,  8vo.  New  ed.,  with  Discourses 
upon  a  few  Branches  of  the  Crown  Law,  1792,  Svo;  3d  ed., 
with  Appendix,  cont'g  Foster's  Opinion,  &q.,  and  Notes 
and  References  by  Michael  Dodson,  1809,  Svo. 

''The  tr  Illy  adniiralile  discourses  of  Sir  Michael  Foster." — Judge 
Story:  Mi.^irll.   iVriiiugs,!*). 

"The  autlioi-  did  not  attempt  to  write  a  regular  Treatise  upon 
Ciown  Law.  His  discourses  are  much  admired  for  their  sound 
and  accurate  learning." 

See  Pref.  Gilbert's  Evid.,  byLofft,37;  Cowp..  7;  3  East, 
582;  Warren's  Law  Stu..  620;  Marvin's  Leg.  Bibl..  321. 
Michael  Dodson,  his  nephew,  pub.  his  Life  in  ISll,  Svo. 

Foster,  Nich.     KebelUon  in  Barbadoes,  1650,  Svo. 

Foster,  P.  L.  N.    Act  rcl.  to  Wills,  Lon.,  1837. 12mo. 

Foster,  Rev.  Randolph  S.,  b.  1820,  in  Williams- 
burg, Ohio.  1.  Objections  to  Calvinism.  2.  Christian  Pu- 
rity, N.Y.,  1851,  12mo.    ."'>.  Ministry  Needed  for  the  Times. 

Foster,  Richard.     To  the  Rulers  in  Israel,  1650. 

Foster,  Robert,  or  William.  Hoplocrisma-Spon- 
gvs ;  or,  A  iSponge  tu  wipe  away  the  Weapon-salve,  Lon., 
lt)31,  4  to. 

Foster,  Samuel,  d.  1652,  a  native  of  Northampton- 
shire, educated  at  Emanuel  Coll.,  Camb.,  was  elected  Prof, 
of  Astronomy  in  Gresham  Coll.  in  1636,  and  again  in  1641. 
He  was  a  distinguished  mathematician.  His  principal 
works  are — 1.  Descrip.  of  a  Quadrant,  Lon.,  1624,  4to. 
Several  eds.  2.  The  Art  of  Dialling,  1638,  &c.,4to.  3.  Four 
Treatises  on  Dialling,  1654, 4to.  4.  Ilorologiographyj  1654, 
4to.     6.  Miscellanea,  Eng.  and  Lat.,  1659,  fol. 

Foster,  Thomas,     Serm.,  Lon.,  1631,  4to. 

Foster,  Thomas*     See  FonsTEti. 

Foster,  Thomas.  Chrestomatheia;  or,  A  Collection 
of  Morality  and  Sentiment  extracted  from  various  Authors, 
1793,  12mo. 

Foster,  Wm.     See  Forster. 

Foster,  Wm.     See  Fonnt^STEu. 

Foster,  Wm.,  D.D.     Visit.  Serm.,  Lon.,  1802,  4to. 

Foster,  Rev.  Wm.,  Head  Master  of  St.  Paul's  School, 
Snuthsea,  has  jmb.  Greek  and  Latin  Grammars,  &c.,  and 
works  on  Arithmetic  and  Algebra. 

Foster,Mrs.VV.  Lady  Marion, Lon. ,1853, 3  vols.  p.  Svo. 

*'TIiis  fascinating  novel  needs  not  the  attraction  of  the  name  of 
the  late  Duke  of  Wellington's  niece  upon  the  title-page  to  com- 
mend it  to  the  novel-readers  of  the  fashionable  world.  The  work 
gives  evidence  of  talent  of  uo  common  order." — John  Bull. 

Foster,  Wm.  L.  New  Hampshire  Reports,  vols,  i., 
ii.,  iii.,  pub.  to  1854,  Boston,  Svo. 

Fotherby,  Martin,  D.D..  1559-1619,  a  native  of  Lin- 
colnshire, educated  at,  and  Fellow  of,  Trin.  Coll.,  Camb., 
Preb.  of  Canterbury,  1596;  Bishop  of  Sarum,  1618.  1. 
Fo^ro  Serms.,  Lon.,  1608,  4to.  2.  Atheomasti;  or,  The 
clearing  of  Four  Truths  against  Atheists,  &c.,  1622,  fol. 

Fothergill,  Anthony,  a  husbandman,  pub.  three 
theulog.  treatises,  Lon.,  1754,  '56,  Svo. 

Fothergill,  Anthony,  M.D.,  of  Northampton,  pub. 
treatises  on  Fever,  Poison,  &c.,  1763-99,  and  contrib.  pro- 
fess, papers  to  Med.  Obs.  and  Inq.,  and  Phil.  Trans.,  1767- 
1805. 

Fothergill,  Charles.  1.  The  Wanderer:  Tales  and 
Essays,  1803,  2  vols.  12mo.  2.  Essay  on  Natural  History, 
1813.  ]2mo. 

Fothergill,  George,  1705-1760,  a  native  of  West- 
moreland, educated  at,  and  FeUnw  and  tutor  of.  Queen's 
Coll.,  Oxf. ;  Principal  of  Edmund  Hall,  and  Vienr  of  Bram- 
ley,  Hampshire,  1751.  1.  Occas.  Serms.,  Lon.,  1756,  *57, 
'58,  Svo.     2,  Serms.,  1761,  '62,  Svo;  Oxf.,  1765,  2  vols.  Svo. 

"  His  sermons  display  a  largo  share  of  manly  sense.  They  are 
clear,  rational,  and  instructive.  His  turn  of  thought  and  expres- 
sion is  ingenious  and  sprightly." — Lon.  Mimth.  Rev. 

Fothergill,  John,  M.D.,  1712-1780,  an  eminent  phy- 
sician, a  member  of  the  Snciety  of  Friends  or  Quakers, 
was  a  native  of  Carr  End,  Yorkshire.  After  travelling  on 
the  continent,  he  settled  in  London,  where  he  gained  such 
fame  in  his  profession  that  he  enjoyed  an  income  of  about 

621 


FOT 

£7000,  and  left  an  estate  of  £80,000.  He  endowed  a  semi- 
nary for  young  Quakers  at  Ackworth,  near  Leeds,  assisted 
Sydney  Parkinson  in  his  account  of  his  South  Sea  Voy- 
age, and  printed  Anthony  Purver's  (a  Quaker)  trans,  of 
the  Biblo  from  the  Hebrew  and  Greek,  at  an  expense  of 
£2000.  1.  Thesis  de  Emeticorum  usu,  in  variis  Morbis 
tractandis,  Edin.,  1738,  8vo.  2.  Sore  Throat  with  Ulcers, 
Lon.,  1748,  '54,  8vo.  3.  Rules  for  the  Preserv.  of  Health, 
1762,  8vo.  4.  Acct.  of  Dr.  Cullinson,  1770,  4to.  Anon. 
6.  Explan.  Remarks  to  the  Pref.  to  Sydney  Parkinson's 
Jour,  of  a  Vuy.  to  the  South  Seas.  1773,  4to.  6.  Hydro- 
phobia, 1778,  8vo.  7.  Con.  to  Ed.  Med.  Ess.,  1736.  8.  Con. 
to  Phil.  Trans.,  1744.  9.  Con.  to  Med.  Obs.  and  Inq..  1755, 
'67,  '78,  '84.  His  Works,  edited  by  John  Elliot,  M.D., 
with  Life  and  Notes,  1781,  8vo.  By  Gilbert  Thompson, 
1782,  8vo.  By  Dr.  Lettsom,  1783,  2  vols.  8vo;  1784,  4to. 
Hurtas  Uptoniensis;  or,  A  Cat.  of  Stove  and  Greenhouse 
Plants  in  Dr.  Fothergill's  Garden  at  Upton,  at  the  time  of 
his  decease,  1784,  8vo. 

"The  person  of  Ur.  Fothergill  was  of  a  delicate  rather  than  ex- 
tenuated make.  His  features  were  all  expressive,  and  his  eye  had 
a  peculiar  brilliancy.  His  understandinj^  was  comprehensive  and 
quick,  and  rarely  embarrassed  on  the  mosf  sudden  occa.'^iODS. 
There  was  a  charm  in  his  conversation  and  address  that  conciliated 
the  regard  and  confidence  of  all  who  employed  him;  and  so  dis- 
creet and  uniform  was  his  conduct,  that  he  was  not  apt  to  forfeit 
the  esteem  which  he  had  once  acquired." 

See  authorities  cited  above ;  also  Chalmers's  Biog.  Diet.  ; 
Nichols's  Lit.  Anecdotes;  Physic  and  Physicians;  The 
Lives  of  Brit.  Physicians;  and  for  a  list  of  his  separate 
papers  in  Ed.  Me<i.  Ess.,  Phil.  Trans.,  and  Med.  Obs.  and 
Inq.,  refer  to  Bibl.  Brit. 

Fothergill,  Samuel,  d.  1773,  an  eminent  Quaker 
preacher,  brother  of  the  preceding,  travelled  over  England, 
Scotland,  Ireland,  and  North  America,  holding  religious 
meetings.  He  was  greatly  respected.  1.  Remarks  on  an 
Address  to  the  People  called  Quakers,  and  a  Serm.,  &c.  by 
M.  Pilkington.  In  a  Letter  tu  the  Author;  with  Observ. 
by  Phipps,  1761,  8vo.  2.  Reply  to  E.  Owen  on  Water  Bap- 
tism, 1763,  8vo.     3.  Letters,  1816. 

Fothcrgill,  Samuelj  M.D.  Tic  Douloureux,  Lon., 
1804,  Svo. 

Fothergill,  Thomas.  Articles  against  Capt.  Neid- 
ham,  1653,  4to. 

FothcrgiH,  Thomas,  D.D.  Provost  of  Queen's  Coll., 
and  Preb.  of  Durham.  Serms.,  Oxf.,  1749,  '53,  '56,  '60, 
'62,  '64. 

Fouler.     See  Fowler. 

Fouler,  Wm.  Truth's  Vindication  of  Election  and 
Reprobation,  Lon.,  1652,  12mo. 

Foulface,  Philip.  Bacchvs  Bovntie,  Describing  the 
debonairc  dietie  of  his  bountiful  godhead,  in  the  royall 
obseruance  of  his  great  feast  of  Pentecost.  Necessaire  to 
be  read  and  marked  of  all,  for  the  eschuing  of  like  enor- 
mities. By  Philip  Foulface  of  Ale-foord,  student  in  good 
fellowship,  Lon.,  1594,  4to.  Partly  in  verse  and  partly  in 
prose;  much  in  the  style  of  Robert  Greene.  Three  sheets 
only.  Bibl.  Anglo-Puet.,  74,  £6.  It  is  reprinted  in  the 
Harleian  Miscellany. 

"  The  intention  of  this  Pamphlet  was  to  expose  the  sin  of  drunk- 
enness, and  the  folly  and  danfrer  of  those  who  give  themselves  up 
to  that  chargeable,  silly,  and  health-destroying  vice:  a  vice,  in 
which  a  man  takes  the  utmost  pains  to  drown  his  own  reason,  to 
commence  a  fool,  the  object  of  a  sober  man's  resentment  and  re- 
proach, and  to  ruin  both  bisown  eshite  and  constitution." — Oldys. 

To  this  "let  nil  the  people  say,  Amen!" 

Foulis,  or  De  Foliis,  Henry,  1638?-1685,  entered 
Queen's  Coll.,  Oxf.,  1654 ;  Fellow  of  Lincoln's  Coll.,  1659  ; 
took  holy  orders,  but  devoted  himself  to  historical  studies. 
1.  Hist,  of  the  Wicked  Plots  and  Conspiracies  of  our  blessed 
Saints,  the  Presbyterians,  Ac,  Lon.,  1662;  Oxf.,  1674,  fol. 

'■A\'hich  book,  tho'  full  of  notable  girds  against  that  party,  yet 
it  hath  been  so  pleaf«ing  to  the  royalists,  (who  have  found  much 
wit  and  mirth  therein,)  that  some  of  them  have  caused  it  to  be 
chained  to  desks  in  public  places,  and  in  some  country -churches, 
to  be  read  by  the  vulgar.  But  as  by  the  publishing  of  this  book  he 
hath  much  displeased  the  Presbyterians,  of  whom  some  have  fallen 
foul  upon  him  in  their  writings  for  so  doing;  so  hath  he  more 
displeased  another  party  for  the  writing  of  this  book  following: 

•'  [2.j  The  History  of  the  Romish  Treasons  and  Usurpations,  with 
an  Account  of  many  gross  Corruptions  and  Tmpostuies  of  the 
Church  of  Rome,  Ac.  Lon..  1071  and  'SI,  fol.  Which  book,  had  it 
not  fallen  into  the  hands  of  a  knavish  bookseller,  might  have  been 
extant  in  the  lifetime  of  the  author,  and  so  consequently  more 
compleat  and  exact  than  it  now  is.  At  its  first  publication,  I  was 
informed  by  a  letter  written  by  a  noted  man  of  that  party,  that 
the  papists  did  look  upon  the  said  book  as  a  simple  thing — That 
he  (the  author)  fought  against  his  own  shadow,  and  that  all  sober 
Catholics  did  disallow  much  of  what  he  combats  against." — Atftt7i. 
Oxon. 

Watt  ascribes  to  Foulis  (3)  Cabala;  or,  the  Hist,  of  the 
Conventicles  Uncased,  1664,  4to;  and  Foulis  left  a  MS. 
622 


■-"---  FOW 

Account  of  all  Serms.  preached  before  Parliament,  1640- 
48;  in  Wood's  Collect.,  Ashmole's  Museum,  84S0,  18. 

Foulis,  Sir  James,  Bart.,  d.  1791.  1.  Lett,  on  Irish 
Affairs,  Lon.,  1806,  Svo.     2.  Catholic  Emancip.,  1812,  Svo. 

Foulis,  Oliver.  Under  this  name  David  Lloyd  pub. 
his  work  Of  Plots,  Ac,  Lon.,  1664,  4to. 

Foulis,  Kobert,  d.  1776,  a  celebrated  printer,  as  was 
also  Andrew,  his  brother,  who  d.  1774.  Cat.  of  Robert 
Foulis's  Pictures,  by  the  most  admired  Masters,  Lon.,  1776, 
3  vols.  Svo.  Sold  at  a  great  sacrifice.  The  balance  over 
the  expenses  amounted  to  only  fifteen  shillings.  Respect- 
ing the  brothers  Foulis,  see  Nichols's  Lit.  Anecdotes;  Le- 
moine's  Hist,  of  Printing;  Timperley's  Diet,  of  Printers 
and  Printing. 

Foulkes,  E,  S.,  Fellow  and  Tutor  of  Jesus  Coll.,  O.^f. 
Manual  of  Ecclesiastical  History  from  the  1st  to  the  12  th 
Cent,  inclusive,  Oxf.,  1851,  Svo.  Mr.  Foulkes's  principal 
authorities  are — Spanheim,  Spondanus,  Mosheim,  Fleury, 
Gieseler,  and  Dcillinger. 

"  Mr.  Foulkes  writes  in  a  spirit  of  manly  faith." — Scottish  EccUs. 
Jour.,  Mcfj/,  1852. 

Foulkes,  Martin.     See  Folkes. 

Foulkes,  Peter,  D.D.     Serm.,  Oxf.,  1723,  4to. 

Foulkes,  Robert.  1.  Alarme  for  Sinners,  Lon.,  1679, 
4to.  2.  Ilis  Confession  and  Life,  1679,  4to.  An  Account 
of  His  Trial  and  Execution  for  Murder  and  Adultery  was 
pub.  in  the  same  year. 

Foulston,  J.  Public  Buildings  of  the  West  of  Eng- 
land, Lon.,  1838,  imp.  4to. 

'■  The  noble,  elegant,  and  truly  classical  works  of  this  eminent 
Architect  furnish  admirable  examples  both  of  taste  and  profes- 
sional skill  in  grappling;  with  and  overcominf;  some  of  the  difficul- 
ties of  the  art,  namely,  in  arrangement  and  adaptation." — Bbitton 

and  liRAYLEY. 

Fountain,  John.  His  Catechisme,  trans,  by  T.  W., 
(Tho.  Wilcox.)  1578,  Svo. 

Fountain,  John.  The  Rewards  of  Vertue;  a  Come- 
die,  Lon.,  1661,  4to.  Altered  by  Sbiulwell,  and  represented 
with  success  under  tho  title  of  The  Royal  Shepherdess, 
T.  C,  1669,  4to. 

Fountain,  or  Fountayne,  John,  D.D.,  Dean  of 
York.     Fast  Serm.,  Lon..  1756,  Svo. 

Fountaine,  Sir  Andrew,  d.  175.3,  an  eminent  anti- 
quary, the  friend  of  Dean  Swift  and  other  wits  of  the  age, 
is  commended  for  his  antiquarian  knowle<lge  by  Montfau- 
con  in  the  preface  to  L'Antiquite  Expliquce.  Swift  often 
mentions  him  in  his  Journal  to  Stella. 

1.  Numismata  Anglo-Saxonica  et  Anglo-Danica  reviter 
illustrata,  Oxon.,  1704,  fol.  Vide  Hickes's  Thesaurus. 
2.  Notes  in  Anglo-Saxonum  Nummosa  D.  Andrea  Foun- 
taine editos.  (abEdv.  Thwaites,)  Oxon.,  1708,  Svo.  3.  His 
Case  in  relation  to  a  Bill  under  the  name  of  Sir  Charles 
Holt,  Bart.,  fol. 

Fountaine,  John.  Letter  to  Dr.  Turner  concerning 
the  Ch.  and  the  Revenues  thereof,  Lon.,  1647,  4to.  Anon. 

Fountainhall,  I^ord.  Chronol.  Notes  of  Scot.  Affairs, 
16.30-1701,  taken  chiefly  from  the  Diary  of  Lord  Foun- 
tainhall, Edin.,  1822.  4to. 

Fountainhall,  Sir  JohnLauder,Lord.  Decisions 
of  the  Lords  of  Council  and  Session,  1678-1712,  Edin., 
1759-61.  2  vols.  fol. 

Four,  Du,  VV,     See  Ddfour. 

Fourestier,  James.  The  Pearle  of  Practise;  or, 
Praetiser's  Pearle  for  Physicke  and  Chirurgerie;  found  out 
by  J.  H.,  (John  Hester.)  a  Spagericke,  or  Distiller,  amongst 
the  learned  obseruations  and  proued  practices  of  many 
expert  men  in  both  faculties,  Lon..  1594.  4to. 

Fourestier,  Paul.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1758.  Svo. 

Fournier,  Daniel.  Perspective,  Lon.,  1762, 4to.  This 
is  based  on  the  principles  laid  down  by  Dr.  Brook  Taylor.^ 

Fovargue,  Stephen.  A  new  Cat.  of  Vulgar  Errors,' 
Lon.,  1767,  Svo.  Intended  as  a  supplement  to  Dr.  Thomas 
Browne's  work  of  the  same  title. 

Fowkc,  John.  Account  of  his  Enquiries  for  Extin- 
guishing Fires,  fol. 

Fowldes,  Wni.  The  Strange  and  WonderfuU  and 
bloudy  Battell  betwcene  Frogs  and  Mice ;  a  Poem,  1603, 4to. 

FoAvIe,  FulmerWm.,  Preb.  of  Salisbury.  1.  Twelve 
Serms.,  Lon.,  1835,  '36,  2  vols.  12mo.  2.  Serms.  on  Faith, 
1845,  12mo.     3.  Memoranda  of  1846,  '47,  fp.  Svo,  1848. 

FoAVie,  Thomas.     Almanacks,  1681,  '84, 12mo. 

Fowie,  Wm.,  M.D.  1.  Hurricanes.  &c.  in  W.  Indies, 
Lou.,  1781,  Svo.  2.  Mercury  in  the  Small-Pox,  1793,  8vo- 
3.  Fevers  of  the  W.  Indies.  1800,  Svo. 

Fowler.     Serm.  on  Luke  xxiii.  10.  1699,  4to. 

Fowler,  Christopher,  1611-1676,  a  clergyman  of 
the  Church  of  England,  joined  the  Presbyterians  in  1641, 
and  became  a  noted  preacher,  as  we  shall  presently  see. 


TOW 


FOX 


1.  Dacmonium  Meridianum,  1st  Pt,  1655,  4to:  2d  Pt.,  ! 
1656,  4to.  This  work  relates  to  the  ejection  of  Rev.  John  , 
Pordage.  2.  Anti-Christian  Blasphemies,  Ac,  1655,  4to. 
3.  Answer  to  Thos.  Speed,  a  Quaker,  1656.  In  this  he  i 
was  assisted  by  Simon  Ford.  George  Fox  animadverts  ! 
upon  this  work.  -4.  Serin.,  1675,  4to.  5.  A  few  Occasional  ' 
Serms. 

*■  A  very  conceited  and  fantastical  preacher. . . .  For  by  his  very 
many  odd  gestures,  and  antic  behaviour  (unbeseeming  the  serious  i 
gravity  to  be  used  iu  the  pulpit)  he  drew  constautly  to  his  con-  ! 
gre^^ation  a  numerous  crowd  of  silly  women  and  youug  people,  who 
seemed  to  bi;  huj,'ely  taken  and  enaniour'd  with  his  obstreporous- 
ness  aud  undecent  cants.'' — withen.  Oxmi. 

It  is  to  be  remembered  that  Anthony  Wood  shows  no 
raercy  to  Dissenters ;  especially  such  as  had  left  the 
Church  uf  England ;  unless,  indeed,  they  became  Roman 
Catholics.     Mr.  Cooper  describes  Fowler  as 

"  An  able,  holy,  faithful,  indefatigable  servant  of  Christ.  He 
was  quick  in  apprehension,  solid  in  his  notions,  clear  in  his  con- 
ceptions, sound  in  the  faith,  strong  and  demonstrative  in  arguing, 
mij^hty  in  conviucing,  aud  zealous  for  the  truth  against  all  errors." 

Fowler,  David  Burton.  The  Prac.  in  the  Ct.  of 
Exch.  upon  Proceed,  in  Equity,  1795;  2d  ed.,  1S17,  2  vols. 
Svo. 

Fowler,  Edward,  16P.2-1714,  originally  a  Presby- 
terian, conformed  at  the  Restoration  ;  Preb.  of  Gloucester, 
1676;  Bishop  of  Gloucester,  1691.  He  pub.  many  serms. 
and  theolog.  treatises,  the  best-known  of  which  is  The 
Design  of  Christianity,  Lon.,  1671,  Svo;  3d  ed.,  1699,  Svo. 
This  was  attacked  by  John  Bunyan,  and  defended  by  the 
author.  Libertas  Evangelica,  a  sequel  to  the  Design  of 
Christianity,  was  pub.  iu  1780.  The  Design,  &q.  will  be 
found  in  the  6th  vol.  of  Bishop  Watson's  CoUec.  of  Theolog. 
Tracts. 

"  This  work  was  first  published  in  1671 :  there  have  been  seve- 
ral editions  of  it  since,  but  not  so  many  as,  from  the  worth  of  it, 
might  have  been  expected." — Bisiiop  Watson. 

Fowler,  George.  1.  Three  Years  in  Persia,  Lon., 
1S41,  2  vols.  p.  Svo. 

'■  Mr.  Fowler's  volumes  possess  great  interest  f^r  those  who  love 
to  study  pictures  of  foreign  life." — Lon.  AUicnaum. 

2.  Livesof  the  Sovereigusof  Russia,  from  Rurick  to  Nicho- 
las: vols.  i.  and  ii..  p.  Svo.  1852.  '54;  iii..  1858:  see  Lon. 
Athen.,  1858, 687.  3.  Hist,  ofthe  Ottoman  Empire,1854,p.8vo. 

Fowler,  J.  Hist,  of  the  Troubles  iu  Suethland  and 
Poland  which  oecas.  theexpul.  of  8ig.  III.,  Lon.,  1656,  fol. 

Fowler,  John,  b.  at  Bristol,  England,  d.  at  Denmark, 
Germany,  1579,  a  learned  English  printer,  educated  at 
and  Follow  of  New  Coll.,  Oxf.,  reduced  into  a  Compen- 
dium the  gumma  Theologica  of  Aquinas,  wrote  Epigrams 
and  other  verses,  and  engaged  iu  some  other  literary 
labours,  1578,  &c.,  besides  printing  many  books  in  favour 
of  Romanism. 

"  Being  a  zealous  papist,  he  could  not  comport  with  the  Reforma- 
tion, but  conveyed  himself  and  his  press  over  to  Antwerp,  where 
he  was  sif^nally  serviceable  to  the  Catholic  cause,  in  prlntin^^  their 
pamphlets,  which  were  sent  over  and  sold  in  England." — Fuller's 
Worlf,i>s  of  Bristol. 

"  He  was  well  skilVd  in  the  Greek  and  Latin  tongues,  a  tolerable 
poet  aud  orator,  and  a  theologist  not  to  be  contemn'd.  So  learned 
was  he  also  in  criticisms,  and  other  polite  learning,  that  he  might 
have  passed  for  another  Kobert,  or  Henry,  Stephens,  printers." — 
Athen.  Oxon. 

See  the  above  authorities,  and  Dodd's  Church  Hist., 
vol.  i. 

Fowler,  John,  surgeon  at  Ayton.  Hints  rel.  to  re- 
covery of  the  drowned,  Lon.,  1784,  8vo. 

Fowler,  John.     The  Last  Guinea:  a  Poem,  Svo. 

Fowler,  Orrin  S.  Works  on  Phvsiology,  Education, 
Phrenology,  Ac,  N.  York,  1848-53.  &c. 

Fowler,  Kiehard.  Animal  Electricity,  or  Galvanism, 
Edtn..  1793,  Svo. 

Fowler,  Robert.    A  Quaker's  Sea  Journal,  1659,  4to. 

FoAvler,  Thomas.     Funl.  Serm.,  Lon.,  1754,  Svo. 

Fowler,  Thomas,  M.D.,  1736-1801.  a  native  of 
York,  England,  practised  at  Stafford  and  York.  1.  Dis- 
sertatio  Medica,  Edin..  1778,  Svo.  2.  Med.  Reports  of  the 
Effects  of  Tobacco,  1785,  Svo.  3.  Effects  of  Arsenic,  17S6, 
Svo.  4.  Effects  of  Blood-letting,  *tc.,  1795,  Svo.  5.  Con. 
to  Med.  Com.,  1777,  '78,  '94.     6.  Memoirs  Med.,  1792. 

'■Some  idea  of  his  indefatigable  labours  may  Ixt  conceived,  when 
we  mention  that  he  left  in  manuscript  the  history  of  more  than 
six  thousand  cases,  which  fell  under  his  own  inspection  and  treat- 
ment."   See  Rees's  Cyclopo'dia, 

Fowler,  W.  The  Eastern  Mirror;  an  Illust.  of  the 
Scriptures  from  celebrated  Travellers,  Exeter,  1814,  Svo. 
This  is  an  abridgt.  of  Harmer  and  Burder,  with  some  ad- 
ditions. 

Fowler,  W.  C.  The  English  Language  in  its  Ele- 
ments and  Forms.  N.  York,  1850,  Svo. 

"  A  work  of  great  elaboration  and  care^  which  carries  the  rela- 


tions of  grammar  to  other  sciences  further  than  is  usual  in  such 
treatises.'' — Wo(:liman  and  Observer. 

Fowler,  nr  Fouler,  Wm.  Answer  to  Hamilton,  1581. 

Fowler,  Wm.  Engravings  of  Mosaic  Pavements  and 
paintings  in  Stained  Glass,  2  vols,  eleph.  fob,  Winterton, 
York  :  v.  y.  Of  this  beautiful  work  not  forty  copies  were 
completed.  It  is  worth  about  £24.  Mr.  Fowler,  who  was 
originally  a  journeyman  carpenter,  was  emphatically  the 
author  of  this  book ;  for  he  made  the  drawings  and  en- 
gravings, prepared  the  colours,  and  even  made  the  paper 
itself. 

Fowles,  Rev.  James  H.,  1S12-1S54,  b.  at  Nassau, 
New  Providence,  was  the  sun  of  Lt.  Henry  Fowles  of  the 
British  Army.  He  graduated  at  Yale  College  in  1831,  and 
about  1833  was  licensed  to  preach  by  the  Presbytery  of 
New  York.  He  subsequently  received  ordination  at  tho 
hands  of  Bishop  Bowen  of  S.  Carolina,  and,  after  officiating 
in  several  parishes  in  that  State,  iu  1845  accepted  the  rec- 
torship of  the  Church  of  the  Epiphany,  Philadelphia,  then 
recently  vacated  by  the  removal  of  the  Rev.  Dr.  Stephen 
H.  Tyng  to  New  York.  He  here  laboured  with  great  zeal 
until  within  a  few  months  of  his  death,  when  obliged  to 
resign  his  duties  from  ill  health.  1.  Protestant  Epis.  Views 
of  Baptism  Explained  and  Defended,  Phila.,  1846,  ISmo. 
2.  Serms,  [30]  preached  in  the  Church  of  the  Epiphany, 
Phila.  J  preceded  by  a  biographical  sketch  of  the  author, 
1S55,  Svo. 

"We  should  be  glad  to  make  some  extracts  from  these  sermons, 
but  it  is  about  as  difficult  to  do  this  as  it  would  be  to  substitute 
any  other  Iani,'uage  for  that  ofthe  author.  Each  sermon  is  a  piece 
of  solid  masonry.  It  must  be  taken  as  a  whole  to  be  appreciated; 
and.  what  is  uncommon,  there  is  not  a  sermon  in  the  book  which 
will  not  read  better  the  second  time.  For  close  logical  reasoning, 
for  distinctness  of  doctrine,  for  scriptural  sfyle.  and  for  power  of 
thought,  few  sermons  we  have  ever  seen  equal  them." — Prot.EpU. 
Quar.  Ifev.  and  Ch.  Reg.,  N.  lor/.-,  April,  iSoo. 

Mr.  Fowles  also  edited  and  wrote  Introductions  to  Goode's 
Better  Covenant  and  The  Convict  Ship. 

FoAvnes,  George,  late  Prof,  of  Prac.  Chem.  in  Univ. 
Coll.,  London.  1.  Chemistry  as  exemplifying  the  Wisdom 
and  Beneficence  of  God,  being  the  Actonian  Prize  Essay 
of  100  Guineas,  awarded  by  the  Com.  of  the  Royal  Instit. 
of  G.  Brit.,  Lon.,  1844,  p.  Svo;  2d  ed.,  1848,  12mo. 

"  The  field  which  the  author  has  gone  over  is  one  of  the  utmost 
interest.  He  has  embraced  all  the  leading  facts  of  the  subject,  and 
made  them  to  bear  upon  his  principal  argument." — Lun.  Aihuna^itni. 

2.  Chemical  Tables,  Lon.,  1846,  sm.  fol.  3.  Introduc.  to 
Qualitative  Analysis,  1846,  p.  Svo.  4.  Rudimentary  Che- 
mistry, 1848,  12mo.  5.  Manual  of  Elementary  Chemistry, 
1844,  fp.  Svo;  4th  ed.,  revised,  1852  ;  5th  ed.,  with  addits,, 
edited  by  H.  Bence  Jones,  M.D.,  and  A.  W.  Hofman,  Ph. 
D.,  1854;  4th  Amer.  ed.,  by  Robert  Bridges,  M.D.,  Phila., 
1855,  r.  I2mo. 

*'An  admirable  exposition  of  the  present  state  of  chemical  sci- 
ence, simply  and  clearly  written,  and  displaying  a  thorough  prac- 
tical knowledge  of  its  details,  as  well  as  a  prolound  acquaintance 
with  its  principles.  The  illustrationa,  and  the  whole  getting  up 
ofthe  book,  merit  our  highest  praise." — Brit,  and  Fur.  Med.  Rev. 

'"One  of  the  best  elementary  works  on  Chemistry  accessible  to 
the  American  and  English  student."' — N,  York  Jour,  of  Med.,  March, 
1854. 

Fownes,  Joseph,     Serms.,  <tc.,  Lon.,  1760-90. 

Fowiies,  or  Fowns,  Richard,  D.D.,  domestic 
chaplain  to  Prince  Henry,  son  of  James  I.  1.  Concio  ad 
Clerum  Academia  Oxon.,  Lon.,  1606,  4to.  2.  Trisagion ; 
or,  the  Three  Offices  of  Christ,  1619.  4to.     3.  Serm.,  1660. 

Fox,  General.  Hist,  of  the  War  in  the  Peninsula, 
Lon.,  18.'i7,  'i  vols.  Svo. 

"Without  question,  the  most  eloquent  and  masterly  picture 
ever  attempted.'' — Lon.  Moiithly  Review. 

Fox,  Abr.  L,     Surgery,  Lon.,  1656,  Svo. 

Fox,  Bohuii.     Self-condemned  Quaker,  1707,  Svo. 

Fox,  Charles.     A  Series  of  Poems,  Bristol,  1797,  Svo. 

Fox,  Rt.  Hou.  Charles  James,  Jan.  24,  1749- 
Sept.  13,  1806,  second  sou  of  the  first  Lord  Holland  and 
Lady  Georglana  Carolina,  eldest  daughter  of  Charles, 
Duke  of  Kichmond,  was  educated  at  Eton,  and  at  Hert- 
ford Coll.,  Oxf.  He  studied  the  classics  to  great  advan- 
tage under  the  eye  of  tho  celebrated  Drs.  Barnard  and 
Newcome,  and  distinguished  himself  by  his  proficiency  in 
the  ancient  languages.  This  taste  and  erudition  he  re- 
tained through  life,  as  is  abundantly  evinced  by  his  let- 
ters to  Gilbert  Wakefield  and  his  controversies  with  Dr. 
AVarton.  In  his  14th  year  he  visited  the  continent,  and 
also  iu  1765  and  %io,  where  that  love  of  gaming  was  ac- 
quired which  proved  the  bane  of  his  future  life.  In  17GS 
he  took  his  scat  in  Parliament,  and  entered  upon  that 
brilliant  political  career  which  for  a  long  term  of  years 
gave  him  so  commanding  a  position  in  the  eyes  of  the 
world.  As  it  is  in  this  capacity  that  Mr.  P'ox  is  princi- 
pally known,  a  detailed  account  of  his  life  will  not  he 


FOX 

expected  in  a  work  devoted  to  authors  and  their  produc- 
tions. It  is  sufficient  that  we  indicate  the  works  where 
fuller  infoi-matinu  can  he  had.  Tlic  student  is  therefore 
referred  to— 1.  Hist,  of  the  Political  Life  and  puhlic  Ser- 
vices as  a  Senator  and  a  Statesman  of  the  Rt.  Hon.  C.  J. 
Fox,  Lon.,  178.3,  8vo.  2.  Memoirs  of  the  Life  of  R.  B. 
Sheridan,  1799,  8to.  3.  Recollec.  of  the  Life  of  C.  J.  F., 
by  B.  C.  Walpole,  1806,  8vo.  4.  Gent.  Mas.,  Sept.  180(5, 
pp.  88.3-886.  6.  Memoirs  of  the  Puhlic  Life  of  C.  J.  F., 
by  R.  Fell,  1808,  4to.  6.  Lord  Holland's  (his  nephew)  In- 
troduc.  to  C.  J.  F.'s  Hist,  of  the  Early  Piirt  of  the  Reign 
of  James  IL,  1808,  4to.  7.  Characters  of  the  late  C.  J.  F., 
selected  and  in  part  written  hy  Philopatris  Yarricensis, 
1809,  8vo.  This  work,  principally  a  collection  of  eulogies 
upon  Fox,  is  by  Br.  Samuel  Parr.  See  a  review  of  it  by 
the  Rev.  Sydney  Smith,  Edin.  Rev.,  xiv.  353.  8.  Memoirs 
of  the  latter  years  of  C.  J.  F.,  1811,  Svo.  Appendix,  same 
year,  by  J.  B.  Trotter.  This  gentleman  was  Mr.  Fox's 
private  secretary.  9.  Sir  S.  E.  Brydges's  cd.  of  Collins's 
Peerage,  1812.  lO.Corresp.  of  C.  J.  F.wilh  Gilbert  Wake- 
field, 1.796-1801,  1813,  Svo.  See  end  of  this  article. 
11.  Speeches  in  the  H.  of  Commons,  with  an  Introduc.  hy 
Lord  Erskinc,  1815,  6  vols.  8vo.  12.  Rees's  Cyclopedia, 
1819.  13.  Occasional  Speeches,  etc.,  1782-1803.  14.  Article 
Fox,  Charles  James,  in  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit.,  vol.  iii.,  1824. 
15.  Field's  Memoirs  of  Parr,  1828,  2  vols.  8vo.  16.  His 
Speeches,  (Modern  Orator,  vol.  ii.,)  1847,  r.  Svo  ;  3d  ed., 
1853.  17.  Select  British  Eloquence,  by  0.  A.  Goodrich, 
D.D.,  N.  York,  1852,  Svo.  18.  Memoirs  and  Corresp.  of 
Francis  Horner,  1853,  2  vols.  Svo.  19.  Memorials  and 
Corresp.  of  C.  J.  F.,  edited  by  Lord  John  Russell,  vols,  i.,  ii., 
iii.,  pub.  to  Dec.  1854.  20.  Hist.  Sketches  of  the  most 
eminent  Orators  and  Statesmen  of  ancient  and  modern 
time,  N.  York,  1S55,  Svo.  21.  Article  Bl'UKE,  EnjlUND,  in 
AUihone's  Critical  Dictionary  of  English  Literature  and 
Eng.  and  Amer.  Authors,  Phila,,  1859,  imp.  Svo. 

To  these  many  other  works  might  be  added;  such  as 
Wraxall's  Memoirs,  Wilbcrforce's  Life,  Ac,  but  our  list  is 
sufficiently  long  for  most  readers.  In  addition  to  the 
Speeches,  Ac.  already  referred  to,  Mr.  Fox  is  the  author 
of  some  juvenile  Latin  and  Greek  conipusitions,  some 
pieces  in  the  New  Foundling  Hospital  for  Wit,  an  Essay 
on  Wind,  of  which  60  copies  were  privately  printed,  political 
pamphlets,  the  14th,  16th,  and  perhaps  some  other  numbers 
of  the  "Englishman,"  pub.  in  1779,  and  a  History  of  the 
Early  Part  of  the  Reign  of  James  II.,  pub.  in  180S,  4to, 
by  his  nephew.  Lord  Holland.  This  is  an  unfinished  pro- 
duction, written  with  great  accuracy,  but  with  such  phara- 
saical  punctiliousness  of  style,  that  the  absence  of  the 
Jierum  copia  vcrhonim  of  Cicero  is  painfully  felt. 

"  He  once  assured  me.  says  Lord  Holland,  that  he  would  admit 
no  word  into  his  book  for  which  he  had  not  the  authority  of 
Dryden.'' 

This  remark  reminds  us  of  the  elegant,  the  truly  classi- 
cal, compliment  paid  by  Mr.  Preseott  to  Washington  Irving 
in  the  Preface  to  the  History  of  Ferdinand  and  Isabella. 
The  eloquent  histori.an,  who  has  performed  his  task  in  that 
masterly  manner  which  forbids  all  regret  at  the  .selection 
of  his  theme,  remarks  that  had  Mr.  Irving  persevered  in 
a  design  once  entertained  by  him  of  occupying  the  same 
ground,  he  should  have  abandoned  the  field, 

"If  not  from  courtesy,  at  le.ist  from  policy;  for,  though  armed 
with  the  weapons  of  Achilles,  this  could  j^ive  me  no  hope  of  suc- 
cess in  a  competition  with  Achilles  himself" 

Had  Dryden's  vocabulary  been  at  the  command  of  the 
historian  of  the  Reign  of  James  II.,  we  should  still  have 
lacked  the  magical  charm  which  captivates  the  reader  of 
the  Essay  on  Dramatic  Poesy.  We  may  truly  apply  to 
him  what  he  declares  of  Shakspeare : 

*'  Dryden's  majric  could  not  copied  be. 
Within  that  ciicle  none  durst  wallc  but  he." 
In  the  House  of  Commons,  indeed,  Fox  could  display 
the  force  and  beauties  of  the  English  tongue  in  a  manner 
which  Dryden  would  have  gladly  copied;  but  he  needed 
the  excitement  of  opposition  or  the  stimulus  of  immediate 
applause,  and  sank  in  the  socket  when  there  was  no  one  to 
admire  his  brilliancy.  Dr.  Parr,  whoso  admiration  of  Fox 
was  excessive,  and  who  would  h.avo  commended  the  his- 
tory of  Tom  Thumb,  if  recorded  by  the  loader  of  the  New 
Whigs,  is  glad  to  have  a  legitimate  occasion  for  the  ex- 
pression of  his  devout  veneration. 

"  Nothing,"  says  he,  referring  to  Fox's  History  of  James  II.. 
"  can  exceed  his  anxious  endeavour  to  discover  the  truth  of  facts 
for  himself,  nor  his  scrupulous  care  to  present  it  fairly  and  fullv 
to  his  readers.  In  this  respect,  all  must  own  he  discharged  his 
trust  with  ability  rarely  equalled,  and  with  fidelity  never  sur- 
passed." 

Yet  the  work  elicited  Some  Observations,  by  the  Rt.  Hon. 
George  Rose,  1S09,  4to,  which  were  answered  in  a  Vindi- 
021 


FOX 

cation  of  Fox's  History,  by  Sergeant  Samuel  Heywood, 
1811,  4to.  There  was  also  pub.,  in  Svo,  a  work  entitled 
Remarks  on  Fox's  History  of  James  IL  We  should  not 
omit  to  state  that,  of  the  History  of  James,  some  copies  were 
pub.  on  large  paper,  4to,  and  some  of  elephant  folio  size. 

••  It  was  also  during  the  early  progress  of  piinting  tlie  first  volume 
of  these  [Typographical]  Antiquities,  at  .Mr.  Savage's,  in  Bedford- 
bury,  Oovent-Gardeu,  that  I  used  to  see  the  sheets  of  Mr.  Fox's 
Historical  Work  hanging  up  in  every  direction  through  the  dwell- 
ing-house and  adjacent  yard.  It  will  l,e  naturally  supposed  that 
five  thousand  copies  of  a  quarto  volume,  with  five'  hundred  more 
upon  a  laiger  paper,  and  yet  another  two  hundred  and  fifty  of  an 
elcphantme  size,  were  not  likely  to  be  carried  through  the  press 
where  the  premises  were  small,  without  seeming  to  suffocate  every 
pas.i.age  and  corridor  of  the  building.  .  .  .  [AW,.]  Itwas  douljtless 
the  boldest  experiment  ever  made  with  a  large  paper  speculation : 
but  it  succeeded.  In  due  course,  what  at  first  came  forth  as  a  rapid 
and  overboiling  torrent,  at  a  high  price,  subsided  intoa  quiet  chan- 
nel, and  became  obtainable  on  very  moderate  terms.  Yet,  consider- 
ing the  extraordinary  number  of  copies  printed,  I  do  not  consider 
this  book  of  the  commonest  possible  occurrence.  As  the  work  of 
an  AUTHOR  whose  name  can  never  perish,  it  must  necessarily  form 
'  part  and  parcel'  of  every  well-ordered  library.  Why  is  it  not 
classed  in  '  rank  and  file'  with  the  octavo  Humes,  Kocertsons,  and 
GlBRONS  ?" — DibdiiVs  RaninUcmces  of  a  Lit.  Life,  vol.  i.,  277. 

'•The  topmost  step  [of  Authorship]  .  .  .  may  be  considered  as 
the  tender  of  the  leading  booksellers  of  the  d.ay  to  become  pur- 
chasers (and  of  course  publishers)  of  Mr.  Fox's  Historical  Work 
when  Mr.  Miller  was  the  fortunate  adventurer  at  the  price  of  Four 
TH0US.4ND  GUI.VE.18."— itid..  Vol.  i.,  1S6. 

The  octavo  size,  for  which  Dibdin,  the  Bibliomaniac, 
sighed,  can  now  be  obtained.  Fox's  History  was  pub.  in 
an  oct.avo  vol.  by  Boguo  of  London,  in  1846,  bound  with 
Arm.and  Carrel's  Revolution  in  England;  again,  1S54.  See 
Cauuel,  Armand. 

A  copy  of  the  elephant  quarto  size  was  illustrated  by  the 
late  Mr.  Gray  of  Harringay  Park,  at  an  expense  of  36 
guineas.  It  is  bound  in  2  vols.  4to.  It  fell  into  the  hands 
of  Mr.  H.  G.  Bohn  of  London,  who  offered  it  at  the  triflinf 
price  of  £8  8».  ° 

This  article  is  already  longer  than  we  can  well  justify, 
yet  we  feel  unwilling  to  conclude  without  quoting  a  few 
lines  of  tribute  to  the  eloquence  of  this  great  orator.  This 
subject  is  ably  treated  by  our  learned  and  excellent  corre- 
spondent. Dr.  C.  A.  Goodrich,  in  his  .admirable  work,  already 
referred  to,  entitled  Select  British  Eloquence.  In  this 
volume,  which  should  be  in  every  collection  of  any  pre- 
tensions, will  also  be  found  six  of  Mr.  Fox's  best  speeches. 
Undoubtedly  Fox  owed  much  of  his  success  as  an  orator 
to  the  most  careful  and  elaborate  cultivation  of  his  great 
natural  genius.  He  proposed  to  himself,  as  the  first  object 
of  life,  oratorical  distinction  ;  and  by  gradual  ascents  he  at 
length  reached  the  summit.  We  by  no  means  rank  him 
with  Pitt  in  vigour,  or  with  Burke  in  fervour;  but  in  prompt- 
ness, lucidity,  and  fulness.  Fox  knew  no  superior. 

Burke  describes  him  exactly,  in  those  graphic  lines 
which  excited  the  bitter  indignation  of  meddling,  pompous 
little  Dr.  Parr: 

"  I  knew  him  when  he  was  nineteen :  since  which  time  he  has 
risen  by  slow  degrees  to  be  the  most  brilliant  and  accomplished 
debater  the  world  ever  saw." 

This  is  it:  he  was  a  brilliant  and  accomplished  debater. 
He  had  on  ordinary  occasions  far  greater  power  over  his 
auditors  than  either  of  his  great  contemporaries  and  rivals. 
He  lacked  the  moral  elevation  and  the  commanding  sway 
of  Pitt,  but  he  know  better  how  to  touch  the  p.assions.  Ho 
had  less  philosophy  than  Burke,  but  he  possessed  far  more 
tact.  In  the  knowledge  of  man  he  was  inferior  to  either, 
but  in  the  knowledge  of  men  he  left  both  far  in  the  rear. 
Their  respective  influence  over  their  auditors  illustrated 
our  distinction.  When  Pitt  thundered  his  anathemas, 
they  hung  their  heads  with  confusion;  when  Burke  ex- 
horted thoiu  by  their  love  of  virtue  and  truth,  they  were 
half  persuaded  to  make  an  alliance  with  virtue;  but  when 
Fox  arose,  full  of  blandishments  of  voice  and  manner, 
and  instructed  and  amused  them  by  turns,  they  forgot 
their  terror  and  their  repentance,  and  gave  him  their  hearts 
and  their  votes. 

The  discussion  of  the  question,  how  far  the  eloquence 
of  Fox  may  properly  be  compared  with  the  ancient  model, 
to  which  doubtless  he  laboured  to  conform  his  style,  has 
elicited  opinions  so  contradictory,  from  two  great  critics, 
that  we  may  well  decline  to  enter  the  lists. 

"He  certainly  possessed,  .above  all  moderns,  that  union  of  reason, 
simplicity,  and  vehemence,  which  formed  the  prince  of  orators. 
He  W.1S  the  most  Demosthenean  speaker  since  Demosthenes." — Sui 
J.\MEs  Mackintosh. 

But,  says  Lord  Brougham,  in  reference  to  this  dictum,— 
"There  never  was  a  greater  mistalte  than  the  fancying  a  close 
resemblance  between  his  eloquence  and  that  of  Demosthenes.'' 

In  reviewing  these  rather  antagonistic  opinions,  Dr. 
Goodrich  points  out  ten  characteristics  of  the  oratory  of 
Fox  which  bear  a  striking  resemblance  to  the  well-known 


FOX 


FOX 


peculiarities  of  Demosthenes,  .iiij  instances  other  points 
in  wbieh  Ilie  dissiniihirity  is  quite  iis  ohvious.  The  clear- 
ness of  iiitelleet  which  (H^^tiu^uished  the  great  English 
orator  did  not  lack  that  prevailing  influence  which  can 
only  he  lent  hy  the  warmth  of  the  passions. 

■'  His  feilinj;,"  says  Coleridi^e,  "■  ^Yas  all  intt-Uuct,  and  his  intel- 
lect was  Jill  feeling;." 

*'I  have  seen  his  cnuntenanre,"  says  Godwin,  ''lightt-n  up  with 
more  than  mortal  ardour  and  Roodness;  1  have  been  preseut  when 
his  Toit-e  was  suffocated  with  tears." 

In  kindliness  of  temper  and  geniality  of  disposition  in 
private  life  no  man  surpassed  the  indignant  "Thunderer" 
of  the  Commons  of  England.  lie  knew  no  animosities 
outside  of  the  lines  of  party  entrenchments. 

■  lie  was."Fjiid  Mr.  Burke,  shortly  after  their  separation,  "a  man 
who  was  made  to  be  loved." 

Dr.  Franklin,  a  close  observer  of  men  and  manners,  was 
most  favourably  impressed  with  the  appearance  of  sincerity 
and  warmth  which  pervaded  his  whole  character.  In  a 
letter  to  David  Hartley,  dated  '*  Passy,  6th  Sept.,  17S3," 
he  remarks : 

•'  EncluSL-d  is  my  letter  to  Mr.  Fox.  I  beg  you  would  assure  him 
that  my  expressions  of  esteem  for  him  aru  not  mere  prutessioos. 
I  really  tliink  him  b.  prmt  man,  and  I  should  not  think  so,  if  I  did 
not  belii've  he  was  at  bottom,  and  would  prove  himself,  ngood  oue." 
— Sparhs''s  Works  of  lyanUi?!,  vol.  x.  1,  "2. 

But  alas  !  that  period  never  arrived  ;  a  great  man  and 
an  elofiuent  orator  Fo,x  certainly  was:  hut  to  that  highest 
title  which  can  be  proposed  to  man's  loftiest  ambition — a 
GOOD  MAN — the  great  English  statesman  could  lay  no  claim. 
Two  articles  on  Fox,  by  the  Kt.  Hon.  John  Hookham 
Frere.  will  be  found  in  the  Lon.  Quar.  Rev.,  ii.  37o,  and 
vi.  518.  See,  also,  articles  by  the  Rev.  Sydney  Smith, 
in  Edin.  Rev.,  xiv.  490,  and  xviii.  lV2i> ;  and  a  review  of 
Fo.\'s  Corrcsp.  with  Gilbert  Wakefield,  by  the  Earl  i.f  Dud- 
ley, in  Lon.  Quar.  Rev.,  ix.  313.  Sec  also  a  review  of 
Fox's  James  II..  by  Lord  Jeffrey,  in  Edin.  Rev.,  xii.  271  ; 
and  a  notice  by  Francis  Horner  of  the  French  trans,  of 
this  work,  in  Edin.  Rev.,  xv.  I'.IO. 

We  have  referred  to  Dr.  Parr's  enthxisiastic  admiration 
for  Mr.  Fox.     We  quote  an  amusing  exemplification  : 

"When  I  pronounced  the  words  '^  Mr.  f}>x  amsc.^  ['arr  would 
roar  out  'stop!'  and,  after  shakinj^  the  ashes  out  of  his  pipe,  and 
filling  it  afrfsh.  he  would  add.  '  Kow,  you  dog,  do  your  best: 

"  In  the  course  of  the  spt'tch,  he  would  oftt-n  interrupt  me,  in  a 
tone  of  triumpliaut  exultation,  with  exclamations  such  as  the  fol- 
lowing: 'Capital!'— '.);tsi/vT  that,  if  you  can.  Mailer  Pitt!'  and  at 
the  conclusion,  '■That  is  iJie  sperch  of  the  orator  and  statesman:  " — 
AVw  Month.  Mag.,  Aug.  1826,  where  will  be  found  many  interesting 
recollections  of  Dr.  Parr. 

"  If  I  were  to  be  asked  what  was  the  nature  of  Mr.  Fox's  elo- 
quence, I  should  answer  that  it  was  only  asking  me  in  other  words 
what  I  understood  to  be  the  character  of  eloquence  itself,  when 
applied  to  the  transactions  of  British  Government  and  Laws." — 
Krskine. 

Fox,  C.  J.  Guide  to  Officers  of  Towns,  Concord,  New 
Hamp.,  1S43.  12mo. 

Fox,  Edmniid.  Enthusiasm;  a  Poem,  with  Notes 
variorum,  Ac,  Lon.,  1758,  8vo. 

Fox,  Edward,  d.  1533,  Bishop  of  Hereford,  and 
Almoner  to  Henry  VIII.,  wrote  De  Vera  Differentia  Regiie 
Potestatis  et  Eeclesiasticie,  Ac,  1534,  '38,  (trans,  into  Eng- 
lish by  Henry,  Lord  Stafford,)  Annotations  upon  the 
Mantnan  Poet,  and  an  Oration.  See  Riog.  Brit. ;  Llovd's 
State  Worthies:  Strype's  C'ranmer;  Dodd's  Church  Hist. 

Fox,  Edward.  Formula  JMedicamentorum  Selects, 
Lnn..  1777,  8vo. 

Fox,  Francis.     Serm.,  Lon.,  16S3,  4to. 

Fox,  Francis,  d.  1738,  Vicar  of  Pottern,  Wiltshire, 
and  Preh.  uf  Salisbury;  Vicar  of  St.  Mary's,  Readiuo-, 
1726.  1.  Serms.,  1705,  '15.  '27.  2.  Oaths.  1710.  Svo.  3. 
Duty  of  Public  Worship,  17LS,  12mo  :  4th  ed.,  1727.  4. 
N.  Testament  Explained,  1722,  2  v(ds.  Svo.  New  ed.,  1742. 

"In  this  work  the  references  are  all  given,  in  words  at  full 
length,  under  the  test;  so  that  the  parallel  texts  may  be  all  seen 
at  oue  view.  ...  It  contains  also  a  few  notes  on  some  difficult 
passages." — Ormrs  Bibl.  Brit. 

"The  editor  of  this  useful  publicatinn  has  given,  for  the  most 
part,  all  the  references  in  the  last  and  fidlest  edition  of  the  Uible, 
together  with  a  great  number  collected  by  himself;  ami  has  fur- 
ther added  the  chronology  of  Bishop  Usher,  tin-  niaruiiKil  render- 
in<;s,  and  several  good  notes  on  really  dillirult  pus>age.s,  together 
with  a  rnpiuus  index.  The  work  is  now  only  to  be  procured  at  a 
very  hii^h  price." — Horyw's  Bihl.  Bib, 

Fox,  George,  1624-1G90,  the  founder  of  the  Society 
of  Friends  or  Quakers,  was  a  native  of  Drayton,  Leices- 
tershire, where  his  father  followed  Iho  occupation  of  a 
weaver.  George  was  bound  apprentice  to  a  shoemaker 
and  grazier,  and,  whilst  engaged  in  tending  his  sheep,  en- 
joyed those  opportunities  fur  undisturbed  meditation 
which  resulted  in  the  formation  of  that  character  of  solid 
piety  and  religious  zeal  which  eminently  distinguished  his 
future  life.  In  1643  ho  abandoned  his  occupation,  and 
4U 


I  four  years  later  he  became  an  itinerant  preacher,  re- 
j  buking  sharply  whatever  he  deemed  worthy  of  repre- 
hension, and  often  "holding  forth,"  without  invitation,  to 
congregations  assembled  for  regular  service.  These 
"breaches  of  the  peace"  led  to  frequent  imprisonments, 
involving  great  hardships  and  privations,  which  were 
patiently  submitted  to  by  one  who  was  always  ready  to 
lay  down  his  life  in  defence  of  what  he  believed  to  be  the 
truth.  About  1(H)9  he  was  married  to  Margaret  Fell,  the 
widow  of  Thomas  Fell,  a  Welsh  Judge.  It  will  not  be 
expected  that  wo  should  follow  him  in  his  arduous  and 
unremitting  efforts  for  the  benefit  of  his  fellow-beings. 
The  reader  will  find  ample  sources  of  information  in  the 
works  indicated  below.  In  the  course  of  his  public  minis- 
trations he  twice  visited  the  continent,  spent  two  years  in 
assiduous  labours  among  the  American  colonies,  and  re- 
peatedly visited  different  portions  of  Great  Britain.  He 
died  in  London  in  16'J0,  continuing  his  public  addresses 
until  within  a  few  days  of  his  death.  A  list  of  his  separnto 
publications  will  be  found  in  Bibl.  Brit.  His  writings  were 
published  in  three  vols,  fob,  viz.:  1.  Journal  of  his  Life. 
Travels,  Ac,  161)4,  fol.;  1709,  2  vols.  Svo;  1765,  fol.  2.  Col- 
lection of  many  Select  and  Christian  Epistles,  Letters,  and 
Testimonies  written  by  George  Fox,  1698.  3.  Gospel  Truth 
Deumnstrated  in  a  collection  of  doctrinal  books  given  forth 
by  (Tcorge  Fox;  containing  principles  essential  to  Chria- 
tianity  and  Salvation  held  among  the  people  called  Qua- 
kers, 1706.  A  new  ed.  of  his  works  has  been  pub.  in  Phila., 
8  vols.  Svo.  See  Sewel's  Hist,  of  the  Quakers;  Neal's 
Puritans;  Rees's  Cyclopaedia;  Jonah  Marsh's  Life  of  Fox, 
I  1848,  12mo;  Samuel  M.  Janney's  Life  of  Fox,  with  Disser- 
tations on  his  Views  concerning  the  Doctrines,  Testimonies, 
and  Discipline  of  the  Christian  Church,  Phila.,  1853,  Svo, 
Fox's  .Journal  is  a  volume  of  great  interest,  and  baa 
been  highly  commended  even  by  those  who  felt  little  sym- 
pathy for  the  author's  religious  peculiarities. 

"  It  is  one  of  the  most  extraordinary  and  instructive  narratives 
in  the  world;  which  no  reader  of  competent  jud^^ment  can  peruse 
without  revering  the  virtue  of  the  writer." — Sir  .James  Mackintosh. 
"  I  have  read  through  the  ponderous  folio  of  Geotf^e  Fox.  Pray 
how  may  I  return  it  to  Mr.  Skewell,  at  Ipswich?  I  fear  to  send 
such  a  treasure  by  a  stage-coach;  not  that  I  am  afraid  of  the  coach- 
man or  the  guard  reading  it.  but  it  miixht  be  lost.  Can  you  put 
me  in  a  way  of  sending  it  safely?  The  kind-hearted  owner  trusted 
it  to  me  for  six  months;  I  think  I  was  about  as  many  days  in  get- 
ting through  it,  and  I  do  not  think  that  1  skipped  a  word  of  it."— 
Charles  Lamb  to  Btrnard  Burloti,  Frb.  1SJ3. 

The  reader  will  find  a  brief  notice  of  Fox's  labours  in 
Scotland  in  this  Dictionary,  article  Barclay,  Bodert.  We 
have  quoted,  in  the  article  referred  to,  William  Penu'a 
opinion  of  Robert  Barclay,  and  it  is  but  fitting  that  we 
should  record  the  testimonj'  of  the  same  eminent  authority 
to  the  excellence  of  the  character  of  George  Fox.  He 
mentions  in  terms  of  warm  commendation  his  meekness, 
humility,  and  moderation  ;  tells  us  that  he  was 

"  Civil  beyond  all  furms  of  breeding  ;  in  his  behaviour  very  tem- 
perate, eating  little,  and  sleeping  less,  though  a  bulky  person.  . .  . 
He  had  an  extraordinary  gift  in  opening  the  Scriptures,  but.  above 
all,  excelled  in  prayer.  The  reverence  and  solemnity  oj  his  address 
and  behaviour,  and  the  ferventness  and  fulness  of  his  words,  often 
struck  sti'angers  with  admiration." 

Fox,  Henry.  1.  New  Diet,  in  French  and  Eng.,  Lon., 
1769,  12mo.  2.  View  of  Univ.  Mod.  Hist.,  476-1648,  trans. 
from  the  French  of  Chev.  Mehegan,  1779,  3  vols.  Svo. 

"  EIiHjueot  aud  animated  style,  and  philosophical  and  impartial 

spirit." 

Fox,  Henry  Richard,  third  Lord  Holland,  nephew 
of  Charles  James  Fox.  1.  Some  Account  of  the  Life  and 
Writings  of  Lope  Felix  de  Vega  Carpio,  Lon.,  1806,  Svo; 
2d  ed.,  with  a  Life  of  Guillen  de  Castro,  1817,  2  vols.  Svo. 

'■This  is  evidently  the  work  of  a  person  of  taste  and  intelligence, 
not  much  accustomed  to  write  with  a  view  to  publication.  It  is 
composed  in  an  easy  conversational  style,  with  very  little  of  the 
getting  up  of  authorship,  or  the  parade  of  literary  accomplish- 
ments. It  is  written,  however,  in  a  very  pleasing  and  lively  man- 
ner, and  indicates  great  good  sense  and  liberality  of  sentiment; 
although  the  want  of  pretension  is  sometimes  carried  the  length 
of  carelessness,  and  the  want  of  method  is  sometimes  productive 
of  considerable  embarrassment." — Lokd  Jeffrey  :  hXUn.  Bcv..  ix. 
224-242. 

'-It  is  a  pleasant  book,  and  contains  a  good  notice  of  both  its 
subjects,  and  judicious  ciiticisms  on  their  works;  i)ut  it  is  quite 
as  interesting  for  the  glimpses  it  gives  of  the  fine  accomplishments 
and  generous  spirit  of  its  author,  who  spent  some  time  in  Spain 
when  he  was  about  thirty  years  old.  and  never  afterwards  ceased 
to  take  an  interest  in  its  affairs  and  literature.  .  .  .  An  excellent 
abstract  of  it  [in  the  play  of  The  8tar  of  Seville]  in  its  original 
state,  and  faithful  translations  of  parts  of  it,  are  to  be  found  in 
Lord  Ili-illand's  Lite  of  Lope.  .  .  .  For  notices  of  him  [JovenallosJ 
see.  .  .  .  Lord  Holland's  Life  of  Lope  de  A'ega,  1S17,  Tom.  II., 
where  is  a  beautiful  tribute  to  him,  worthy  of  Mr.  Fox's  nephew." 
—  Ticlnor's  Hist,  of  Spanish  Lit.,  2d  ed..  ii.  121.  205;  iii.  .'504. 

But  whoever  would  understand  the  Life  and  Times  of 
Lope  do  Vega,  and  indeed  of  Spanish  authors  generally, 

625 


FOX 


FOX 


must  consult  the  invaluable  volumes  of  Mr.  Ticknor  him- 
self.    See  Ticknor,  George. 

2.  Three  Cmedies  from  the  Spanish,  1807,  8vo.  And 
see  article  Fox.  Rt.  Hon.  CnARLES  James.  No.  6,  and 
IIoLLANn,  Henry  Richard  Varrall.  third  Lord. 

Fox,  J,  1.  Tancred  ;  a  Tale  of  Ancient  Times,  Lon., 
1791,  2  vols.  12mo.     2.  Sancta  Maria;  a  Romance.  1787. 

Fox,  or  Foxe,  John,  1517-1587,  the  Martyrologist. 
a  native  of  Boston,  Lincolnshire,  was  educated  at  Bra- 
senose  Coll.,  Oxf.,  where  he  attiiined  great  distincti<m  by 
his  extraordinary  acquisitions.  His  love  of  study  lie  re- 
tained after  he  had  left  college;  fnr  we  are  assured  by  his 
son  thnt  before  he  was  thirty  years  of  age  he  had  read 
over  all  the  Oreek  and  Latin  futhers,  the  schoolmen,  and 
the  proceedings  of  councils  and  consistories.  He  received 
the  degree  of  B.A.  in  1538,  and  in  1543  was  elected  Fellow 
of  Magdalen  Ci)llege.  In  1545  he  was  accused  of  heresy, 
and,  boldly  proclaiming  his  opinions  to  be  in  favour  of  the 
Protestant  Reformatiou,  he  was  expelled  from  his  college. 
After  supporting  himself  for  some  time  as  a  tutor  in  the 
family  of  Sir  Thomns  Lucy,  of  Warwickshire,  and  subse- 
quently in  the  household  of  the  Duke  of  Xorfnlk,  he  found 
himself  in  danger  from  the  vigilance  of  Gardiner,  and 
escaped  with  difficulty  to  the  continent.  He  here  medi- 
tated his  groat  work — the  Acts  and  Monuments  of  the 
Church,  or  Book  <>f  Martyrs.  The  first  druft  of  it  was  an 
octavo  volume,  pub.  at  Strasbourg,  1554,  in  Latin,  entitled, 
Commentarii  rerum  in  Ecclesite  Gestarum,  maximarum- 
que  per  totem  Europam  persecutiooem  a  Wielavi  teuipori- 
bus  ad  banc  usque  setatara  dcscriptarum  ;  in  one  book. 
Reprinted,  with  5  other  bonks,  at  Basil,  1551).  fol.  On 
the  accession  of  Elizabeth  he  returned  home,  was  pen- 
sioned by  his  former  pupil,  now  fourth  Duke  of  Norfolk, 
and  through  Secretary  Cecil  received  a  prebend  in  the 
Church  of  Salisbury.  No  office  in  the  church  would  have 
been  thought  too  good  for  him,  had  he  been  willing  to 
forget  scruples  to  which  he  adhered  with  self-denying  per- 
tinacity. He  refused  to  subscribe  to  some  of  the  canons, 
and  boldly  petitioned  the  Queen  on  behalf  of  the  German 
Anabaptists.  He  spent  the  rest  of  his  days  in  great  esteem 
for  his  profound  learning,  sincere  piety,  and  unfeigned 
humility,  and  died,  amidst  the  blessings  of  the  nation,  in 
1587,  in  his  70th  year.  He  pub.  a  number  of  theolog. 
treatises,  tables  of  Grammar,  the  Latin  play  of  Do 
Christo  triumphante,  <tc.,  an  account  of  which  will  be 
found  in  the  authorities  cited  below;  but  he  is  best  known 
by  the  great  work  already  mentioned — the  Acts  and  Monu- 
ments of  these  latter  and  perilous  dayes.  touching  matters 
of  the  Churehe;  wherein  are  comprehended  and  described, 
the  great  persecutions  ,and  horrible  trouldes  that  have  been 
wrought  and  practised  by  the  Romish  Prelates,  speoiallye 
in  this  Realme  of  England  and  Sootlande.  from  the  year 
of  our  Lord  1000,  unto  the  tyme  now  present.  Gathered 
and  collected  aecordyng  to  the  true  copies  and  wrytingcs 
certificatorie,  as  well  of  the  parties  themselves  that  sutfered, 
as  also  out  of  the  Bishops'  Registers,  which  were  the  doers 
thereof,  Lon..  1563,  fol.  ;  1583.  fol.  Enlarged,  1570, 
2  vols,  fol.;  1570,  2  vols.  fol.  ;  1612,  '32,  '43,  3  vols,  fob; 
1650,  2  vols,  fob;  9th  ed.;  1684.  3  vcds.  fol 

Respecting  the  new  editions  of  this  valuable  work,  we 
can  give  nothing  more  to  the  purpose  than  the  following 
extract  from  a  letter  before  us,  written  by  an  eminent 
bibliographer,  who,  having  instructed  our  grandfathers  in 
his  youth,  continues  in  his  advanced  age  to  enlighten  their 
descendants  with  the  results  of  his  pains-taking  researches. 
It  woubl  indeed  be  difficult  to  estimate  the  value  of  this 
gentleman's  thirty-five  years'  service  in  the  British  Museum. 

"A  new  edition,  superintended  by  the  Rev.  S.  A.  Ciittley.  M.A., 
was  published  at  London.  1836-41,  in  8  vols.  8vo;  to  which  was 
pretixed  a  Life  of  Foxe,  including  a  vindication  of  his  work  from 
the  attacks  of  Romanists,  by  the  Rev.  George  Townsend,  D.D..  of 
Durham.  This  edition  having  been  severely  criticised,  (and  not 
witliout  rea.son.)  a  carefully-revised  and  considerably-iniproved 
edition  was  published  between  the  years  1846  and  1849.  But  the 
bfM  edition  of  Foxe's  Acts  and  Monuments  will  be  found  in  tlie 
Reformation  Series  of  the  Ecclesiastical  Historians  of  England, 
pulihslied  at  London,  also  in  S  vols.  8vo.  in  1853  and  following 
years.  The  editors  (the  Rev.  R.  R.  Mendhani.  M.A.,  and  Josiali 
Pratt,  .Tun..  M.A.)  have  most  carefully  corrected  the  wlinle  work, 
and  have  verified  the  documents  consulted  by  Foxe.  This  edition 
is  beautifully  and  accurately  printed,  and  is  enriched  with  a 
valuable  AppL'ndix  of  Documents.  Dr.  Towosend's  Life  and  Vindi- 
cation of  Fo.ve  are  retained,  with  some  corrections." — ThoMas 
Eartivll  Ilorup,  D.D.,  tu  S.  Austin  AUiboiu^  British  Museum.  Lon- 
don,  ApHl  25,  1856. 

All  the  other  so-called  Foxe's  Book  of  Martyrs,  edited 
respectively  by  Milner,  Buckley.  Pratt,  Clarke,  Cobbin, 
Cumming,  Kennedy.  Seymour,  Mrs.  Touna,  or  any  one 
else,  are  merely  abridgments, — of  more  or  less  value.  The 
first  abridgment,  by  Rev.   Timothy  Bright,  M.D.,  (?.r.,) 


pub.  in  1581,  and  again  in  1589,  4to,  is  now  a  rare 
book,  but  is  little  valued.  We  have  already  referred 
under  the  appropriate  head  to  the  Rev.  Dr.  Thomas 
B'-sy's  M.irtyrology,  or  Papal  Usurpation  and  Persecu- 
tion, 1712,  fob,  intended  as  a  supplement  to  the  Acts  and 
Monuments. 

The  Acts  and  Monuments  received  the  approbation  of 
the  first  three  Archbishops  of  the  Reformecl  Church  of 
England,  viz.:  Parker,  Grindal.  (Avho  assisted  Fox  in  the 
work,)  and  Whitgift.  It  was  ordered  to  be  set  up  in  every 
one  of  the  parish  churches  in  England,  as  well  as  in  the 
common  halls  of  archbishops,  bishops,  deans,  archdeacons, 
and  heads  of  colleges;  and  its  influence  in  keeping  alive 
the  Prntestant  feeling  in  Great  Britain  and  North  America 
is  tno  well  known  to  be  disputed. 

Without  entering  at  large  into  the  merits  of  the  work, 
it  certainly  would  appear  that,  as  regards  conscientiousness 
of  performance  and  adherence  to  records,  the  faithfulness 
of  the  Book  of  Martyrs  cannot  intelligently  be  questioned. 
For  the  same  reason — abundant  testimony — that  we  be- 
lieve Sir  Thomas  More,  the  Roman  Catholic  Chancellor, 
to  have  been  one  of  the  best  of  men,  do  we  believe  John 
Fo.\,  the  Protestant  chronicler,  to  have  been  one  of  the 
most  veracious  of  historians.  As  regards  the  credit  accru- 
ing to  their  respective  communions  from  the  adherence  of 
these  two  great  men,  it  is  to  l)e  reuieuibered  that  More 
simply  retained  the  bias  of  cducatiim  and  habit,  whilst 
Fox  bad  to  overcome  both  of  these  before  he  could  be  a 
Protest-ant.  Both  were  honest  as  the  sun  ;  and  had  Sir 
Thomas  More  pre.sented  us  with  Roman  Catholic  Acts  and 
Monuments  as  well  attested  as  those  of  John  Fox,  we 
should  have  considered  them  entitled  to  equal  credence. 
It  has  been  confidently  declared  that 

"All  the  popish  writers  from  Ilarpslield  to  Milner  have  not 
proved,  and  it  never  will  be  proved,  that  John  Fox  is  not  one  of 
the  most  faithful  aud  authentic  of  all  historians." 

The  testimony  of  the  two  eminent  authorities  subjoined 
must  have  great  weight  with  those  who  can  appreciate  the 
value  of  evidence: 

".Mr.  Fox  must  not  go  without  the  commendation  of  a  most 
paiuful  Searcher  into  records,  archives,  and  repositories  of  ori;^inal 
acts  and  letters  of  state,  and  a  givat  collector  of  MSS.  All  the 
world  is  intinitoly  beholden  io  him  for  abundance  of  extracts 
thence  communicated  to  us  in  his  volumes.  And  as  he  hath 
been  found  most  dilij^ent,  so  most  strictly  true  and  faithful  in  his 
transcriptions." — Strype:  Annah  of  the  Ifeformaiion. 

"Mr.  Fox  hath  very  dilijjeutly  and  faithfully  laboured  in  this 
matter,  [of  Archbishops  and  Metropolil.ins.]  and  searched  out  the 
truth  of  it  as  learnedly  as  I  knowe  any  man  to  have  done," — • 
Ap.cuBisfiop  Whitgift,  aft^^r  he  "  had  read  over  his  Acts  and  Monu- 
ments from  the  one  end  to  the  other."  See  Defence  of  the  Answer 
to  the  Admonition,  p.  33;J. 

The  great  Camden  thus  refers  to  the  Martyrologist  and 
his  work : 

"  Ex  eruditorum  numero  obiit  .Tohannes  Foxu.s  Oxoniensis.  qui 
EeclesiastiL'ani  Angli:e  l^i-^toriam  sive  Martyrologiam  indefesso 
veri talis  studio,  primum  latine  postea  angliceauctius,  magna  cum 
laude  contexuit." — Annaks  Elizahrt/i,  p.  558,  edit.  8vo. 

Bishop  Burnet,  a  most  pains-taking  searcher  into  origi- 
nal papers,  thus  sets  his  seal  to  Fox's  conscientiousness  as 
a  historian ; 

'*  Having  compared  these  Acts  and  Monuments  with  the  records, 
I  have  never  been  able  to  discover  any  errors  or  prevarications  in 
them,  but  the  utmost  fidelity  and  exactness." — Prff.  to  Hist,  of 
the  Ef'fnrmatiini. 

But  faithfulness  in  a  historban  is  one  thing;  infallibility 
is  quite  another  thing;  and  we  doubt  not  at  all  that,  as 
Wood  and  Collier  among  Protestants,  and  many  Roman 
Catholic  eomiucntators,  affirm,  Fox  has,  without  any  inten- 
tion to  deceive,  admitted  exaggerations,  and  even  some- 
times fictions,  which  diminish  the  value,  whilst  they  add 
to  the  bulk,  of  a  book  of  great  learning,  research,  and  his- 
torical as  well  as  theological  value. 

But  for  critics,  who  lived  long  after  the  historian  and 
the  historian's  opportunities,  to  pretend  to  know  the  con- 
tents of  records  which  they  never  saw,  is  a  little  more  than 
absurd :  it  is  foolish  and  impertinent,  and  places  the 
offender  beyond  the  lines  of  polite  and  intelligent  contro- 
versy. Undoubtedly  John  Fox  was  not  an  infallible  chro- 
nicler nor  a  perfect  man  ;  and  if  any  modern  Quixote  seek 
for  a  religionist  without  zeal,  an  advocate  without  parti- 
alities, a  partisan  without  prejudice,  and  a  man  without 
passions,  be  must  needs  go  altogether  out  of  the  world  for 
his  Phceni.^. 

It  is  much  to  be  said  of  any  man,  in  the  absence  of  all 
perfection,  which  is  recorded  by  Fuller  of  our  historian: 

".\Uhoui;h  the  riehest  mitre  iu  England  would  have  counted 
itself  preferred  by  beiu!:^  placed  upon  his  ht-ad.  he  cont+'Ofni  him- 
self with  a  prebend  of  Salisbury.  How  learnedly  be  wrote,  how 
con.stautly  he  preached,  how  piously  he  lived,  and  how  cheerfully 
he  dii'd,  may  bo  seen  at  large  in  the  lite  pretixed  to  his  book." — 
Church  History. 


FOX 


FRA 


To  this  life,  written  by  hi?  son,  nnri  to  the  authorities 
guhjoincd  below,  we  refer  the  curious  reaih  r  who  wishes 
to  ?ee  a  specimen  of  that  which  has  been  written  for  and 
against  the  famous  Martyrologist: 

'•Several  of  Fox's  other  works — his  Treatise  nn  Justification, 
and  tbe  Sermons  on  Christ  Crucified,  and  on  Christ  Triumphant 
— aie  excellent." — Birhfr^teth'x  C.  .9. 

Nor  should  we  omit  to  acknowledge  the  pious  zeal  of 
Fox  in  collecting  the  Works,  appending  thereto  the  Lives, 
of  William  Tyudale,  John  Frith,  and  Robert  Barnes.  1573, 
fol.     He  tells  us  that  he  collected  them  that  they  might 

"Remain  as  perpetual  samples — shyninj:  in  the  church  of  Christ 
— to  peeve  liirht  to  all  posteritie.'' — See  Barnes.  Robert, 

See  Ptrype's  Annals  and  Lives  of  the  Archbishops,  pns- 
»!m  ;  Bale;  Fuller's  Worthies,  and  his  Church  Hist. ;  Athen. 
Oxon. :  Fox's  MSS.,  Collec.  in  Horleian  MSS.  in  Brit.  Mus.  ; 
Biog.  Brit. ;  Fuller's  Abel  Redivivus:  Churton's  Life  of  No- 
well  ;  Wordsworth's  Eccl.  Biog.,  Preface,  Ac.;  Collier's  Eccl. 
Hist.:  Dodd's  Ch.  Hist.;  Chalmers's  Biog.  Diet. 

Fox,  John.  I.  Agrieult.  of  M-mmouth,  Brentf.,  1794, 
4to.     2.  Agrii'ult.  of  (Jlamorgan,  Lon.,  1796,  4to. 

Fox,  Joseph.     Serm.,  1702,  4to. 

Fox,  Joseph.  Parish  Clerk's  Vade  Mecum,  177S, 
12mo. 

Fox,  Joseph,  of  Roy.  Coll.  of  Surgeons,  pub.  a  num- 
ber of  profess.  an<l  educational  and  thcolog.  works.  The 
following  is  still  in  estimation:  Nat.  Hist,  and  Diseases 
of  the  Human  Teeth,  Lon.,  180.3-06,  4to.  Of  this  work 
there  have  been  three  English  eds.  Also  pub.  in  N.  York 
and  Phila.  Remodelled,  with  an  Introduct.,  and  nearly 
two-thirds  of  addit.  matter,  by  Chapin  A.  Harris,  M.D., 
Prof,  in  Baltimore  Coll.  of  Dent.  Surgeons.  With  30 
plates.  Phila.,  sup.-roy.  8vo, 

"A  work  which  we  think  e%"ery  dental  studont.  and  especially 
practitioner,  should  possess.  The  plates  alone  are  worth  the  price 
of  the  book,  [$o.]" — Amr:r.  Jour,  of  Dental  Science. 

Fox,  Joseph  Bolton.  Lectures  on  Modern  Socini- 
anism,  1824,  12mo. 

"The  productions  of  a  mind  imhued  with  piety,  and  distin- 
guished by  just  views  of  Evangelical  truth."— Lon.  Evangdical 
Mug. 

Fox,  or  Foxe,  Luke.  Northwest  Fox,  or  Fox  from 
the  Northwest  Passage,  By  Captain  Lvke  Foxe,  of  King- 
Etone-vpon-HulI,  Lon..  1635.  4to. 

*'This  treatise  contains  many  important  facts  and  judicious  ob- 
servations on  the  ii-e.  the  tides,  compass,  northern  lights,  Ac." — 
LoumdiS's  Bill.  Man. 

Fox,  M.  C,  and  B.  C  Smith.  Reports  of  Cases  in 
Ct.  of  K.  B.  and  Ct.  of  Error,  1822-24,  Dubl.,  1825.  Svo. 

Fox,  Margaret,  wife  of  George  Fox,  the  founder  of 
the  Quakers.  Passages  rel.  to  her  Birth,  Life,  Ac.,  with 
sundry  of  her  Epistles,  <fec..  Lon.,  1710,  Svo.  See  Jan- 
ney's  Life  of  George  Fox,  Phila.,  Svo. 

Fox,  Richard,  d.  1528,  a  native  of  Grantham,  Lin- 
colnshire, educated  at  Magdalen  Coll.,  Oxf.,  was  made 
Bishop  of  Durham  by  Henry  VII.  He  was  subsequently 
translated  to  Winchester.  He  founded  Corpus  Christi 
Coll.,  Oxf.,  with  two  Lectures  for  Greek  and  Latin,  and 
several  free  schools.  1.  The  Contemplncyon  of  Synners, 
Lon,,  1499,  4to.  2,  Letter  to  Cardinal  Wofsey-  See  Chal- 
mers's Hist,  of  Oxf.;  Life  in  Biog.  Brit.;  Life  by  Gough 
in  the  Vetusta  Monumenta :  Wood's  Colleges  and  Halls; 
Athen.  Oxon.;  Jortin's  Erasmus;  Chalmers's  Biog.  Diet. 

Fox,  Samnel.  Monks  and  Monasteries,  being  an  ac- 
count of  English  Monachism,  Lon.,  1845,  sm.  Svo.  Other 
works. 

Fox,  W.  J.,  M.P.,  b.  1786,  near  Wrentham,  Suffolk, 
formerly  a  Unitarian  preacher,  is  well  known  as  a  pro- 
minent member  of  the  extreme  liberal  party.  In  1847 
and  1852  he  was  elected  M.P.  for  Oldham.  As  a  periodi- 
cal-writer he  has  been  connected  with  the  Westminster 
Review,  for  which  he  wrote  the  first  article  of  the  first 
number,  and  other  papers;  the  Monthly  Repository,  and 
the  Weekly  Dispatch  newspaper.  1.  Letter  to  Rev.  J.  P. 
Smith,  D.D.,  18!:i.  Svo,  2.  Funl.  Serm,  on  T.  P.  Powell, 
M,D.,  1816.  .3.  The  Life  and  Literary  Remains  of  Charles 
Rcece  Pemberton.  Edited  by  John  Fuwler,  1843,  Svo. 
4,  Lectures  to  the  Working  Classes,  Vols,  i.-iii.,  1845-49 ; 
Vol.  iv..  1851,  12mo.  5.  On  the  Religious  Ideas,  1849,  Svo. 
New  ed.,  1851,  12mo. 

Fox,  VVm.  1.  Exam,  of  Paine's  Writings,  Lon.,  1793, 
Svo.  2.  Remarks  on  Agrieult.  Reports  made  in  1794,  Lon., 
179S,  4to. 

"The  author  has  selected  well  and  observed  very  acutely." — 
Donaldson'' s  Agrieult.  Biog. 

Mr.  Fox  also  pub.  several  polit.  and  thcolog.  works, 
1793-1813. 

Fox,  Wm.  A  Treatise  on  Simple  Contracts,  and  the 
Action  of  Assumpsit,  Lon.,  1842,  12iiio. 

'■An  admirable  outline  of  the  Law  of  Contracts,  containing  much 


infoi-matinn  in  a  condensed  form." — 6  Jurist,  \&1 ;  24  Leg.  Obs., 
102:  Marrin'^  I^g.  Bib..  322. 

Fox,  Wm.,  Jr.  La  Bagatelle;  or.  Delineations  of 
Home  Scenery:  a  Descriptive  Ptieni,  1801.  Svo. 

Foxcrafti  Alex,     Lett,  to  W.  Davidson,  1803.  Svo. 

Foxcroff ,  John.  The  Gond  of  good  Gov't  and  a  well- 
founded  Peace,  opened  in  a  Serm.,  Lon.,  1045,  4to. 

Foxcroft,  John.  Serms.,Ifi95,  '97,  Svo,  12mo.and4to. 

Foxcroft,  Thomas,  d.  17<19,  aged  72.  a  Concrega- 
tional  niini.^tcr  in  Boston,  Mass.,  graduated  at  Harviird 
Coll.  in  1714.  He  pub.  a  number  of  serms.,  &c.,  17I>*-r-0, 
for  a  list  of  which  see  Allen's  Amer.  Biog.  Diet.;  Chand- 
ler's Life  of  Johnson. 

"  His  writin-rs  evince  a  clearness  of  perception,  cnpipusness  of 
invcnfii'n.  livt'liuess  of  imagination,  and  soundness  of  judgment." 

Foxell,  John.     1.  Serm.  on  Lord  Nelson,  1S06. 

Foxle,  George.  Groans  of  the  Spirit  in  the  Trial 
of  the  Truth  of  Prayer,  Lon.,  1639.  Svo. 

Foxley,  Thomas.     Serm.,  1756,  Svo. 

Foxon,  Wm.  A  Brief  Discovery  rel.  to  the  Infinite 
Being  and  Reigning  of  God  in  Mankind. 

Foxton,  Rev.  Frederick  J,,  perpetual  Curate  of 
Stoke,  Prior,  and  Docklow.  Herefordshire.  Popular  Chris- 
tianity, Lon.,  1849,  p.  Svo. 

'•  His  book  appears  to  us  to  contain  many  just  and  profound 
views  of  the  reli^'ioas  character  of  the  present  age.  and  its  indica- 
tions of  propiress." — Z>m.  Piosprrtiff  Kfv.,  Km\  1849. 

Foxton,  Thomas,     Moral  Songs  for  Children,  1728. 

P'oxwell,  W.      Primitive  State  of  Adam,  1807, 

Foye,  Kcv.  M,  W.  Early  Iri.-h  Church,  2d  ed..  Lon., 
18-f5,  12mo.  New  ed..  1S5I.  2.  Romish  Rites,  offices  and 
legends.  This  forms  Gibson's  Preservative,  Suppl.  7;  2d 
ed.,  1S51.  p.  Svo. 

Foyster,  J.  G.     Serras.,  Lon.,  lS2(i,  Svo. 

Franipton,  Algjernon,  M.D.  Robert  Thomas's  Mo- 
dern Practice  of  Physic.  11th  ed..  Lon.,  1853,  2  vols.  Svo. 

Frampton,  John.  1.  Joyfull  Newes  out  of  the  new 
founde  Worhle,  Lon.,  1577,  '80,  '9ti,  4to.  From  the  Span- 
ish of  Monardi.  3d  ed.,  printed  with  No.  4,  2,  Ports, 
Creekes,  Bayes,  and  Hauens  of  the  W.  Indies,  from  the 
Castill  tongue,  1578,  4to.  3.  Trans,  of  the  Travels  of 
Marco  Polo,  1579,  4to.  4.  The  Bezoar  Stone,  Ac.  15S0, 
4to.  Printed  with  No.  1.  5.  Arte  of  Navigation,  from 
the  Spanish  of  P.  de  Medina.  15S1,  fol.;  1595.  4to. 

Frampton,  Matthew,  LL.D,    Serms.,  1769,  '76,  4to. 

Frampton,  Th.     Serm.,  1712,  Svo. 

Framton,  G.     Election  for  Dorset,  1S07.  Svo. 

Franchorc,  Gabriel,  b.  17S(),at  Montreal.  Travels 
in  Oregon;  1st  ed.  in  French,  1819-20.  English  trans., 
N.  York.  1854. 

FranciUon,  F.  Essay  on  Punctuation,  Lon.,  1842, 
fp.  Svo. 

"A  treatise  which  we  can  safely  recommend.  .  .  .  The  work  also 
bears  evident  marks  of  considerable  learning.'' — Oxf.  Univ.  Herald. 

See  Day,  Wm.  ;  Wjlson,  John. 

FranciUon,  John.     Of  a  Scarabasus,  1795,  4to. 

Francis.     10  Semis..  1771,  I2uio. 

Francis,  Anne,  d.  ISnO.  an  English  lady.  1.  A  Po- 
etical Trans,  of  the  Song  of  Solomon,  from  the  original 
Hebrew,  Lon.,  1781,  4to. 

"The  versification  is  smooth  and  lively.  The  plan  of  the  poem 
is  constructed  on  the  principles  of  Ilarmer's  Outline,  to  whom, 
and  to  Parkhurst.  she  is  indebted  for  many  of  her  notes  and  illus- 
trations."—  Orme's  Bihl.  Bih. 

"  Her  version  is  eleprantly  executed." — Home's  Bihl.  Bn't. 

2.  Obsequies  of  Demetrius  Poliorcetes;  a  Poem.  17S5, 
4to.  .3.  Charlotte  to  Werter,  178S,  4to.  4.  Miscell.  Poems, 
1790,  12mo. 

F'rancis,  B,  1.  Elegy,  Lon.,  1771,  4to.  2.  Poem, 
1786,  Svo. 

Francis,  C,  of  Wath.     Serm,,  1788,  Svo. 

Francis,  Charles.   Union  with  Ch,  of  Eng.,  1S07, 4to. 

Francis,  Convers.  1.  Life  of  John  Eliot  in  Sparks's 
Amer.  Biog.,  1st  Series,  v.  1.  2.  Life  of  Sebastian  Rale, 
in  2d  Series,  vii.  157. 

Francis,  Eliza  S«  Sir  Willibert  de  Waverley,  or  the 
Bridal  Eve;  a  Puem,  Lon.,  1815.  Svo. 

Francis,  F.     lutroduc.  to  Geography,  Lon.,  1812. 

Francis,  F,  J,  Two  Lectures  on  Physical  and  Fos- 
sil Geology.  Lon..  1S.*J9,  p.  Svo. 

"The  Lectures  are  carefully  corrected,  clearly  written,  and  will 
prove  a  vahial'le  addition  to  the  existing  elementary  works  on  one 
of  the  most  interestinfj  and  important  of  the  physical  sciences." — 
Lon.  fiTew  Mfmihly  Mag. 

2.  Orig.  Designs  for  Churches  and  Chapels,  1841,  imp. 
4to. 

Francis,  George  Hy.  1.  The  Duke  of  Wellington's 
Maxims  and  Opinions,  Lon.,  1845,  Svo. 

'■  It  is  the  most  compendious,  the  most  agreeable,  and.  all  things 
consideri'd.  the  best.  b<  ok  that  has  been  published  respecUng  tbe 
Duke  of  \\  ellinytou." — Luit.  Tiinns. 


FRA 

2.  Orators  of  the  Age,  1847,  p.  8vo. 

"No  man  livini;  has  had  such  admirable  opportunities  of  oh- 
serTiDg  our  rarliamentary  orators,  or  has  evinced  so  much  fitness 
for  the  very  delicate  task  of  treating  each  man  after  his  deserts. 
y,'e  commend  the  volume  to  general  attention  for  its  truthfulness, 
its  exceeding  good  taste,  and  its  very  pleasant  style."— i'm.  Pic- 
ioi-ial  Ttmfs. 

3.  Critical  Biographies :  B.  Disraeli ;  the  late  Sir  Ro- 
bert Peel,  1852,  12iuo;  Lord  Brougham,  1853,  12mo. 
Opinions  anil  Policy  of  the  Rt.  Hon.  Viscount  Palmer- 
Etou.  with  Memoir,  1852,  8vo. 

"  This  work  ought  to  have  a  place  in  every  political  library.  It 
gives  a  complete  view  of  the  sentiments  and  opinions  by  which 
the  policy  of  Lord  Palmerston  has  been  dictated  as  a  diplomatist 
and  statesman." 

Francis,  Henry.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1723,  8vo. 

Francis,  J.  G.  Notes  from  a  Journal  kept  in  Italy 
and  Sicily,  1844-46,  with  S  Illust.,  Lon.,  1847,  8vo 

"He  [Mr  Francis]  is  an  active  and  enterprising  traveller.  He 
has  a  good  taste  in  art.  a  keen  relish  for  the  beauties  of  nature,  a 
knowledge  of  history,  acquired  by  reflecting  as  well  as  reading,  an 
observing  eye  for  mankind,  and,  what  is  more,  a  sympathy  with 
them."— inn.  Speclalor. 

Francis,  J.  T.,  M.D.  Change  of  Climate  considered 
as  a  Remedy  in  Dyspeptic,  Pulmonary,  and  other  Chronic 
Affections,  Lon.,  1S55,  p.  8vo. 

"  Proceeds  from  the  pen  of  a  well-informed  practitioner  and  an 
accomplished  gentleman,  well  acquainted  with  the  subject  upon 
which  he  treats."— imi.  Lancet.  „  ,   ^.  ,  „ 

'•.\  very  meritorious  production." — Lon,  Med.  Times  and  Ooj. 

Francis,  John,  LL.D.,  minister  of  St.  John's,  Nor- 
wich.    Serin.,  1746,  4to. 

Francis,  John,  Vicar  of  Lekeham.  1.  Serms.,  1764, 
'66    '67,  '70.     2.  Reflections  on  David,  1765,  8vo. 

Francis,  John,  LL.D.,  Rector  of  Morley,  Suffolk. 
Serins.,  1773,  2  vols.  12mo. 

Francis,  John.  1.  Hist,  of  the  Bk.  of  England,  Lon., 
1847,  2  vols.  p.  8vo;  3d  ed..  1848.  2.  Chronicles  and  Cha- 
racters of  the  London  Stock  Exchange,  1S49,  8vo. 

'■  All  the  great  operations  that  have  taken  place  relating  to  the 
funds,  lotteries,  loans,  bribes,  speculative  manias,  and  panics,  are 
faithfully  delineated;  and  Mr.  Francis  has  brought  together  such 
a  variety  of  interesting  anecdotes  and  historical  facts  as  were  never 
before  collected." — Lnn.  Banh-ers  Afng. 

"  A  volume  at  once  the  most  Interesting  and  the  most  terrible 
in  modern  Knglish  literature."- ruiCs  Ulin.  Mig. 

•'  No  romance  whatever  has  yet  been  constructed  from  materials 
of  deeper  interest."— S/actwcO'i's  Mag. 

3.  Hist,  nf  the  English  Railway,  1820-45,  1S51,  2  vols. 
8vo.  4.  Annals,  Anecdotes,  and  Legends  of  Life  Assurance, 
1853,  p.  8vo. 

Francis,  John  W.,  M.D.,  LL.D.,  one  of  the  most  dis- 
tinguislied  of  American  physicians  and  men  of  letters,  b, 


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of  the  science  and  erudition  of  their  race.  The  ardent 
thirst  for  knowledge,  tho  acuteness  of  perception,  and 
breadth  of  comprehension,  which  distinguished  the  young 
American,  did  not  escape  the  notice  nor  fail  to  elicit  the 
approbation  of  his  distinguished  European  friends. 

»■  A  mind  more  ardent  in  the  pursuit  of  useful  knowledge, 
writes  the  late  Patrick  Colquhoun, '•  perhaps  never  existed;  and 
I  have  no  doubt  he  will,  in  a  few  years,  st;ind  at  the  head  of  his 
profession."    See  Life  of  Eddy,  by  S.  L.  Knapp. 

Upon  the  return  of  the  young  traveller  to  New  York,  ho 
was  ,appointed  Professor  of  the  Institutes  of  Medicine  in 
the  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons  ;  and,  on  the  death 
of  Dr.  Stringh.am  in  1817,  succeeded  that  gentleman  in  the 
department  of  Medical  Jurisprudence.  Two  years  later 
he  became  Professor  of  Obstetrics,  in  addition  to  his  former 
duties,  and  held  this  appointment  until  1S26,  when  he  re- 
signed at  the  same  time  with  his  colleagues,  Drs.  Hosack, 
Mott,  McNevin,  and  Mitchill. 

A  majority  of  the  professors  who  had  resigned  from  the 
College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons  organized  a  new  in- 
BtitutTon  under  the  name  of  Rutgers  Jledical  College,  and 
its  success  was  so  great  that  at  the  end  of  four  terms  the 
Legislature  closed  the  doors  of  the  last-named  institution. 
In  the  Rutgers  Medical  College  Dr.  Francis  was  chosen 
Professor  of  Obstetrics   and   Forensic   Medicine,  and  his 
classes  were  crowded  with  students  from  different  parts  of 
the  republic,  attracted  by  his  great  and  growing  reputa- 
tion.    For  other  particulars  connected  with  the  life  of  this 
eminent  physician,  useful   citizen,  and  public  benefactor 
in  many  senses,  we  must  refer  the  reader  to  the  source  to 
which  we  are  indebted  for  tho  facts  above  stated. — the  bio- 
graphy of  Dr.  Francis  in  the  National  Portrait-Gallery  of 
Distinguished  Americans,  vol.  iv.,  Phila.,  1S53,  8vo.     See 
also  New  England  Magazine,  vol.  vii. ;  Griswold's  Prose 
Writers  of  America;   Men  of  the  Time,  N.  York,  1852;  a 
review  of  Dr.  Francis's  literary  works  in   the  Southern 
Quarterly  Review,  xix.  226  ;  and  Knickerbocker  Magazine, 
Aug.  ISoS,  for  a  sketch  of  Dr.  Francis,  with  a  steel  portrait. 
We  annex  a  list  of  Dr.  Francis's  writings  ; 
1.  An  Inaugural  Dissertation  on  Memory,  N.Y.,  1811, 
8vo,  pp.  56.     2.  Cases  of  Morbid  Anatomy,  1814,  4to,  pp. 
36.     3.  Letter  on  Febrilo  Contagion,  1816,  8vo,  pp.   24. 
4.  Notice  of  Thos.  Eddy,  the  Philanthropist,  1823.  12mo, 
pp.   10.     5.  Dr.  T.    Deuman's   Prac.   of  Midwifery,  with 
Notes,  Ac,  1825,  Svo.     6.  Aildress  before  the  N.Y.  Horti- 
cult.  Society,  1S3U,  8vo,  pp.  34.     7.  Address  before  the 
Philoxian  Society,  1831,  Svo,  pp.  43.    8.  Letter  on  Cholera 
Asphyxia  of  1832,  Svo,  1832,  pp.  35.     9.   Observations  on 
the  Mineral  Waters  of  Avon,  1834,  8vo,  pp.  36.     10.  Dis- 
course before  the  N.Y.  Lyceum  of  Natural  History,  1841, 


1789,  in   the   city  of  New  York,  is  the  son  of  Melchior  ]  g^j,^  pp,  93.     n.  Discourse  before  the  N.Y.  Academy  of 


Francis,  a  native  of  Germany,  who  settled  in  America 
about  1784.  The  subject  of  this  memoir  enjoyed  as  a 
youth  the  learned  preceptorship  of  George  Strebeck  and  i 
John  Conroy,  distinguished  for  their  attainments  in  the 
classical  and  mathematical  departments.  In  1809  he  gra- 
duated at  Columbia  College,  from  which  in  1812  he  re- 
ceived the  degree  of  Master  of  Arts.  In  1807,  whilst  still 
an  uuder-griuluate,  he  commenced  the  study  of  medicine 
under  the  eye  of  tho  celebrated  Dr.  Hosack,  and  gained 
the  warm  approbation  of  his  discriminating  tutor  by  his 
assiduous  devotion  to  the  object  of  his  pursuit. 

"  During  the  period  of  his  professional  studies  for  four  collegiate 
years,  he  never  absented  himself  from  a  single  lecture,  nor  attended 
one  without  making  notes  or  abstracts  on  the  subject  taught  by 
the  lecturer." 

What  an  example  is  this  to  the  students  of  the  present 
day,  and  how  great  has  been  the  reward,  in  large  stores  of 
professional  erudition,  in  public  esteem,  and  national  repu- 
tation, of  the  hours  thus  devoted  to  the  acquisition  of  use- 
ful knowledge ! 

In  1811  tho  laborious  student  received  from  the  College 
of  Physicians  and  Surgeons  of  N.  York,  organized  in  1807, 
the  degree  of  M.D. ;  and,  a  few  months  later,  received  from 
his  old  preceptor.  Dr.  Hosack,  the  offer  of  a  co-partnership 
in  business.  This  flattering  offer  was  indeed  the  highest 
compliment  that  coubl  be  paid  to  the  talents  and  acquire- 
ments of  the  young  physician,  and  was  of  course  accepted. 
The  connection  thus  formed  lasted  until  1S20.  In  1813 
Dr.  Francis  was  appointed  lecturer  on  the  Institutes  of 
Medicine  and  Materia  Mcdica  in  the  College  of  Physicians 
and  Surgeons  of  New  York,  and  laboured  with  great  zeal 
in  the  discharge  of  his  arduous  duties.  Anxious  to  trans- 
plant to  his  native  soil  whatever  was  valuable  in  the  re- 
nowned medical  schools  of  Europe,  he  left  homo  for  a  tour 
in  Scotliind,  Ireland,  Holland,  and  France,  and  derived 
profitable  themes  of  meditation  and  practice  from  the 
friendly  converse  of  the  celebrated  Gregory,  Jainiesnn, 
McCartney,  Denon,  Gall,  Cuvier,  and  other  lienefaetors 
626 


Medicine,  1847,  Svo,  pp.  112.  12.  Inaugural  Address  he- 
fore  the  N.Y.  Academy  of  Medicine,  1848,  Svo,  pp.  23. 
13.  Address  before  the  N.Y.  Acad,  of  Med.  on  the  Election 
of  Prof  Mott,  1849,  Svo,  pp.  8.  14.  Address  before  the 
Typographical  Society  of  N.Y".  on  Dr.  Franklin,  1850, 
Svo.  15.  Before  do.  on  the  Publishers,  Printers,  and 
Editors  of  N.Y'.  In  International  Mag.,  edited  by  Dr. 
Griswold,  1851.  16.  Old  New  York;  or,  Reminiscences 
of  the  Past  Sixty  Years,  N.Y.,  1857,  Svo ;  2d  ed.,  enlarged, 
1858,  12mo. 

"Dr.  Francis  writes  as  he  might  bare  told  the  story  in  suc- 
cessive sittings,  bound  by  no  prearranged  order,  but  letting  each 
name  or  topic  suggest  that  which  succeeds.  The  style  is  collo- 
quial.—by  which  we  do  not  mean  slipslinrt.  but  unartiticial,— tlie 
style  in  vvliich  one  may  talk  who  adds  to  tho  fluent  speech  that  is 
the  gift  .and  grace  of  nature  the  culture  of  a  scholar  and  a  gentle- 
man."— A.  P.  Pe.vbody,  D.D.:  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  July,  IS08. 

Also  reviewed  in  Lon.  Athen.,  July  10,  1858,  No,  1602. 
17.  Numerous  biographical  articles  in  divers  works, 
medical  papers  in  different  journals,  Ac.  18.  The  Ame- 
rican Medical  and  Philosophical  Register,  ISll.  "12,  '13, 
'14,  Svo  :  edited  by  David  Hosack,  M.D.,  and  Prof.  John 
W.'  Francis,  M.D."  19.  The  N.Y.  Medical  and  Physical 
Journal,  1822,  '23,  '24,  Svo:  edited  by  John  W.  Francis, 
M.D.,  Jiihn  B.  Beck.  M.D.,  Jacob  Dyckman,  M.D. 

"  For  forty  years  he  has  been  engaged  in  the  most  active  exer- 
cise or  professional  duties  in  his  native  city.  But  amid  the  inces- 
smt  avocations  of  a  large  practice.  Dr.  Fr.ancis  has  found  time  to 
manifest  his  interest  in,  and  genius  for,  the  liberal  studies.  In  a 
series  of  atile  discourses  delivered  before  various  literary  and  scien- 
tific liodies,  he  has  illustrated  the  value  and  charms  of  horticul- 
ture, the  fine  arts,  American  biography,  history,  and  science.  lie 
is  identified  with  the  city  of  .New  York  more  prominently  than  any 
individual  in  the  same  professional  sphere.  He  is  always  consulted 
in  questiiais  of  local  and  personal  interest,  and  his  cooperation  is 
deemed  essential  on  occasions  of  municipal  festivity,  literary  ana 
scientific  anniversaries,  and  charitable  enterprises."— J/en  itf  t''« 
Tim.:  N.  Yi.rk.  1S52,  P2mo.  .    v    1  . 

■■  I  n  his  social  character  Dr.  Francis  represents  an  almost  obsolets 
class.  He  is  emphatically  a  New  Yorker  in  his  feelings  and  assiv 
ciations.  The  frauk  hospitality  of  tho  early  colonists  is  combined 
around  his  fireside  with  the  discursive  intercourse  of  the  savant 


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and  the  patriotic  sentiment  of  the  citizen.  In  American  history 
anJ  lii(itjia[thy  he  is  an  oracle,  and  has  beon  an  efficient  member 
of  all  th-'  iii-stttiitions  originated  to  advance  the  interests  of  litera- 
ture an'I  s.ii'iicf  in  his  native  city.  Witli  enlarged  benevolence, 
auiind  nnwi'iuieil  in  inquiry,  constant  association  witli  men  and 
books,  and  an  ardent  love  of  knowledge  as  well  as  friend>lii|)  for 
its  promoters,  Dr.  Francis  tinds  time,  even  amidst  the  unceasing 
claims  of  an  extensive  practice,  thus  to  identify  his  name  with  the 
progress  of  the  age  and  the  literature  of  his  country." — JS'ational 
Jhrlrait-G^tUeri/  uf  DLtinguished  Aimricans,  vol.  iv.,  1S53,  8vo. 

Francis,  Philip.  The  Mistiemeanours  of  a  Traytor 
and  Treasurer  discovered;  an  answer  to  C.  Vaughan, 
1644.  4tu. 

Francis,  Philip,  d.  1773,  son  of  the  Rector  of  St. 
Marv't^.  L>iihlin,  resided  fur  many  years  and  died  in  Eng- 
land. 1.  A  Poet,  trans,  of  the  books  of  Horace,  first  pub. 
probably  about  1743;  8th  ed.,  177S,  4  vols.  Svo. 

''The  lyrical  part  of  Horace  never  can  be  properly  translated; 
go  much  of  the  excellence  is  in  the  numV-ei-s  and  the  expression. 
Francis  has  dnne  it  the  best:  111  take  his,  five  out  of  six,  against 
them  all." — Dr.  Samuel  Johxsox. 

2.  Eugenia;  a  Trag.,  Lon.,  1752,  Svo,  3.  Constantine;  a 
Trag..  1753,  Svo. 

"As  a  diamatic  writer  Dr.  Francis  was  not  very  successful; 
having  written  only  two  pieces.which  were  both  coldly  received." 
— Bif>g.  Drattutt. 

4.  Trans,  of  the  Orations  of  Demosthenes,  1753-55,  2 
vols.  4to. 

"  Applauded  as  a  difficult  work  well  executed  and  acceptable  to 
every  friend  of  genius  and  literature;  but  its  success  was  by  no 
means  correspondent  to  the  wishes  of  the  author  or  his  friends." 

Dr.  Francis  was  at  one  time  supposed  to  be  the  author 
of  the  Letters  of  Junius:  see  Junius. 

Pee  Chesterfield's  Letters  and  Miscellanies;  Boswell's 
Johnson  ;  Chalmers's  Eiog.  Diet. 

Francis,  Sir  Philip,  1740-1818,  son  of  the  preced- 
ing, was  a  native  of  Dublin,  and  educated  under  the  eve 
of  his  father,  and  at  St.  Paul's  School,  London.  After 
visiting  Portugal  in  1760,  in  company  with  Lord  Kinnnul, 
the  B^ili^h  Envoy,  and  holding  a  clerkship  in  the  War 
Office,  which  he  resigned  in  1772,  he  went  in  1774  to  India, 
where  he  became  a  member  of  the  council  of  Bengal. 
Brought  into  contact  with  that  disgrace  to  the  British 
name — that  man  of  violence  and  blund — Warren  Hastings, 
Francis  opposed  his  measures,  and  a  controversy  ensued 
which  resulted  in  a  duel,  in  which  the  latter  was  wounded. 
He  returned  to  England  in  17SI,  was  chosen  M.  P.  for 
Yarmouth,  Isle  of  Wight,  in  17S4,  received  the  order  of  the 
Bath  in  18(16,  and  died  in  1818.  He  pub.  a  number  of 
political  Speeches,  Remarks  on  the  defence  of  Warren 
Hastings,  Letters  ou  the  E.  India  Company,  Reflections 
on  the  Currency,  Ac.,  1784—1814.  These  were  but  of  tem- 
porary interest,  and  are  now  forgotten;  but  the  name  of 
Sir  Philip  Francis  will  always  occupy  .a  prominent  place 
among  literary  men,  in  consequence  of  the  persuasion  en- 
tertained by  many  that  he  was  the  author  of  the  famous 
Letters  of  Junius.  But  this  is  by  no  means  a  settled 
point,  and  we  think  that  the  claims  put  forward  on  behalf 
of  Sir  Philip  Francis  are  now  less  readily  allowed  than 
tbcy  were  some  twelve  or  fifteen  years  past.  We  do  not. 
however,  by  this  rem.ark  intend  to  express  any  opinion  of 
our  own  upon  the  subject.  We  shall  best  discharge  our 
duty  by  indicating  to  the  reader  the  ?t)nrces  of  informatiou 
upon  tliis  famous  controversy.     See  Junius. 

Francis,  Richard.     Maxims  of  Equity,  1729.  '39, 

'46.    Amer.  ed.,  by  W.   W.  Hening,  Richmond,  1823,  Svo. 

Francis,  Sophia  L.     Novels,  Ac,  1803-09. 

Francis,    W,       Farmer's   Assist,    in    computing    the 

value  of  Land,  1808,  12mo:    Franciscus  a  Sancta  Clara. 

See  Davescort,  CunisTOpnER. 

Franck,  Richard.  1.  Rabbi  Mons;  or  a  Philos. 
Treat,  on  tlic  Origin  of  Things.  Written  in  America.  Lon., 
IGS7,  8vo.  2.  Northern  Memoirs,  &e.,  with  the  Contem- 
plative and  Practical  Angler.  Writ  in  1658,  1694,  Svo. 
New  ed.,  with  Preface  and  Notes  by  Sir  Walter  Scott, 
1821.  Svo. 

Sir  Walter  Scott  humorously  signs  the  preface  as  one 
who  is 

"No  fisher. 
But  a  well-wisher 
To  the  game.'' 
*'  Franck's  conte.sts  with  the  salmon  are  painted  to  the  life,  and 
his  directions  to  anglei-s  in  that  noble  branch  of  the  art.  whit-h  ex- 
ceeds all  otber  uses  of  the  anglinj^^-rod  as  much  as  fox-huntin;; 
exceeds  hare-hunting,  arc  generally  given  with  great  judgment." 
— Editor. 

See  Retrosp.  Rev.,  and  Censura  Literaria,  1S23,  Svo, 
270-294,  ISlo;  iv.  270-272. 

Francklin.     Two  Discourses,  Lon.,  1683,  4to. 
FrauckHn,(<racious.  Answer  to  Freeman, 164R,  4to. 
Francklin,  R.    Tractatus  de  Tonis  in  Lingua  Gncca, 


Lon.,  1630.  '50.  '73,  Svo;  1633.  12mo.  Repub.,  with  ad- 
dit?.  In-  Ricb:ird-on,  1717,  12mo. 

Francklin,  Thomas,  D.D.  An  Epistle  written  from 
Lucifer  unto  die  persecuting  Popish  Prelates.  1642,  4to. 

Francklin,  Thomas,  I721-17S4,  Greek  Prof,  at  Cam- 
bridge, 1730,  ]ircferred  to  Ihu  livings  of  AVare  and  of 
Thundrich,  1757,  and  to  that  of  Braste-i  in  1776.  He  pub., 
separately,  trans,  from  Phalaris,  Cicero,  Si)pbocles,  and 
Lucian,  1740-Sl.  Of  this  last  author,  an  eminent  autho- 
rity retuarks : 

'"•There  is  a  vein  of  ease  and  pleasantry  in  the  works  of  Lucian 
which  I  have  always  thought  inimitable,  nor  do!  know  any  au- 
thor, ancient  or  modern,  that  in  this  respect  can  enter  into  com- 
petition with  him." — Li^bp  Lyttelton. 

He  also  wrote  some  plays,  serms.,  Ac. ;  and  4  vols,  of 
his  scrms.  were  pub.  after  his  death,  viz.,  in  1790. 

"In  his  sermons.  aUhouj;h  they  have  not  nuich  pretension  to 
original  genius,  there  is  an  order  and  perspicuily  in  the  arrange- 
ment of  the  matter,  with  an  elegance  and  propriety  in  the  laa- 
guage,  characteristically  free  from  all  affectation,  which  dws  great 
honour  to  the  Doctor's  abilities." — Lon.  Ci-itical  Rev.  See  Biog. 
Dramat. 

Francklin,  Capt.  Wm.  1.  Observ.  made  on  a  Tour 
from  Bengal  to  Persia  in  1786-87,  Lon.,  1790,  Svo. 

'•  The  most  original  and  valuable  portion  of  this  work  relates  to 
Persia,  especially  the  provinc-e  of  Faristan ;  it  conhiins  also  much 
informatinn  respecting  Ooa,  Bombay,  &c.  M.  Langles  translated 
it  into  French,  and  added  a  learned  memoir  on  Persepolis." — 
StevpiK'Hi's  Celt,  iif  Voij-iges  and  Travels. 

2.  The  Lives  of  Comarupa  and  Caraalata :  from  the  Per- 
sian, 1793,  Svo.  3.  Hist,  of  the  Reign  of  Shah-Aulum, 
1798,  4to.  4.  Plain  of  Troy,  1800,  4to.  5.  Memoirs  of 
George  Thomas,  Calcut-,  1803,  4to ;  Lon.,  1805,  Svo.  Con- 
tains some  interesting  particulars  respecting  the  interior 
of  India,     fi.  Tracts  on  Ava.  itc,  1810.  Svo. 

Francklvn,  Gilbert.  Works  ou  the  Slave  Trade  and 
on  politics.  1789-^15. 

Francklyn,  Rev,  Thomas.    Advice.  <tc.,  1766,  Svo. 

Franco,  R.  Solomon,  Truth  springing  out  of  the 
Earth,  lOtW,  4to;   1070,  fol.     Refers  to  Christ. 

Frank,  John.     Serm.,  Lon..  1756,  Svo. 

Frank,  Joseph,  Editor  of  The  Office  of  Bailiff  of  a 
Liberty.     Frnm  the  MS.  of  J.  Ritson.  1811,  Svo. 

Frank,  Mark,  1613-1604.  Archdeacon  of  St.  Alban'a, 
1660;  Master  of  Pembroke  Hall,  Camb.,  1662;  Rector  of 
Barley,  1663.  1.  51  Serms..  Lon..  1672.  fob;  O.xf.,  1849, 
2  vols.  Svo.     2.  Epitome  of  Divinity,  1665.     In  verse. 

Frank,  Thomas.     Letter,  Lon.,  1732,  Svo. 

Frunkland,Mrs.  Leavesof  Poesy,  Lon.,  1838,  fp.  Svo. 

Frankland,  1$.  Outlines  of  Literary  Culture,  Lon., 
185.3,  12mo. 

Frankland,  Capt.  Charles  Colville.  1.  Visits  to 
Courts  of  Russia  and  Sweden,  Lon.,  2  vols.  Svo.  2.  Travels 
to  and  from  ConstautiuopUj  1829,  2  vols.  Svo. 

"  His  volumes  teem  with  interest  and  instruction." — Zon.  Sun. 

Frankland,  Rev.  Thomas,  1633-1690,  a  physician 
and  historian,  was  educated  at  and  Fellow  of  Brasenose 
Coll.,  Oxf.  1.  The  Honours  of  the  Lords  Spiritu.al  asserted, 
Lon.,  1679,  fol. ;  Anon.,  but  ascribed  to  him.  2.  Original 
of  Kingly  and  Eccles.  Govt.,  16S1,  Svo.  3.  The  Annals  of 
K.  James  I.  and  King  Charles  I.,  IGSI,  fol. 

*'A  faithful  and  impartial  account  of  th^  great  affairs  of  State, 
Parliaments,  ic.  with  many  proclamations,  addresses,  and  other 
official  docum-'Uts.'' 

Frankland,  Sir  Thomas,  Bart.  Cautions  to  Young 
Sportsmen.  L(m.,  ISOO,  Svo. 

Frankland,  Wm.  Speech  rel.  to  Criminal  Law, 
ISll,  Svo. 

Franklin.     See  Fkancklin. 

Franklin.  Farewell  to  the  World,  with  his  Christian 
Contrition  in  Prison  before  his  Death  ;  broad  sheet.  Frank- 
lin was  executed  in  1615  for  poisoning  Sir  Thomas  Over- 
bury. 

Franklin.  Parables  of  our  Lord  illustrated  by  12 
engravings,  fnl. 

'•^Vorthy  fif  all  commendation." — Lmi.  Art  Jouryial. 

Franklin,  Andrew,  Farces,  Comedies,  &c.,  1792- 
1804.      See  Biog.  Dramat. 

Franklin,  Benjamin,  LL.D..  January  17th.  1706- 
April  17th,  1790,  one  of  the  most  distinguished  of  modern 
philosophers,  was  a  native  of  Boston,  Massachusetts,  where 
his  father,  Josiah  Franklin,  an  emigrant  from  England, 
carried  on  the  business  of  a  tallow-chandler  and  soap- 
boiler. At  the  age  of  eight  years,  Benjamin,  the  youngest 
but  two  of  seventeen  children,  was  sent  to  a  gruminar 
school;  from  which  he  was  removed  in  less  than  a  year  to 
be  placed  under  the  tuition  of  George  Brownell.  who  con- 
ducted a  seminary  in  which  writing  and  arithmetic  formed 
the  principal  branches.  His  father  designed  him  f<tr  the 
ministry,  but,  needing  his  assistance  at  home,  withdrew 

t>29 


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FHA 


him  frnra  school  when  only  ten  years  of  age.  ami  set  the 
future  philosopher  to  work  at  *' cutting  wicks  for  the 
caniUes,  filling  the  inouhlti  for  cast  candies,  attending  the 
shop,  going  of  errands,"  Ac. 

If  we  at  first  feel  inclined  to  blame  the  father  for  so 
soon  ilepriving  his  son  of  the  benefits  of  schooling,  we  must 
remember  that  the  good  lalluw-chnndler  was  straitened  iu 
circumstances,  and  liad  the  expenditures  of  a  large  family 
to  provide  for  from  a  business  probably  incapable  of  much 
profitable  extension. 

His  occupation  was  extremely  distasteful  to  him,  and  he 
felt  a  strong  inclination  to  exchange  it  for  the  roving  life 
of  a  sailor,  but  paternal  prudence  prevented  the  consum- 
mation of  this  prujei-t.  His  father  allowed  the  ynuth  to 
abandon  a  trade  for  which  he  evinced  so  strong  an  aver- 
sion, and  bound  him  apprentice  to  his  brotlier  James,  who 
had  recently  (in  1717)  returned  from  London,  and  esta- 
blished a  printing-office  in  ]j".stnn.  Young  Franklin  soon 
became  an  adept  in  his  new  business,  and  doubtless  was 
stimuhited  by  the  nature  of  his  duties  to  that  love  for 
reading  which  remained  with  him  through  life. 

Among  his  favourite  works  were  The  Pilgrim's  Pro- 
gress. Plutarch's  Lives,  Burton's  Historical  Collections, 
an  odd  volume  of  The  Spectator,  and  Cotton  Mather's 
Essays  to  do  Good.  The  perusal  of  this  last  wurk  had  so 
great  an  effect  upon  his  future  life  that  we  shall  be  excused 
for  quoting  from  a  letter  from  Dr.  Franklin,  written  after 
he  had  attained  great  eminence,  to  a  son  of  Cotton  Mather: 

'•When  I  was  a  boy,  I  met  a  book  entitled  Essays  to  do  Good, 
which  I  think  was  written  by  your  father.  It  had  been  so  little 
regarded  by  its  former  possessor  that  several  leaves  nf  it  were  torn 
out,  but  the  remainder  g-ive  me  such  a  turn  of  thinkin;^:.  as  to 
have  an  influence  upon  my  conduct  throu-jh  life;  for  I  have  always 
Bet  a  greater  value  on  the  fhai-acter  of  a  doer  of  good  than  any 
other  kind  of  reputation  :  and  if  I  have  been,  as  you  seem  to  think. 
a  useful  citizen,  the  public  owes  all  the  advantage  of  it  to  that 
book." 

We  may  remark,  as  a  comment  to  the  above,  that  the 
first  edit,  of  the  Essays  to  do  Good  was  pub.  in  1710,  12mo, 
In  1807,  12mo,  it  was  repub.  by  the  Rev.  George  Border, 
who  detracted  greatly  from  its  value  by  making  such  altera- 
tions in  the  style  as  he  thought  would  "render  it  more 
agreeable  to  a  modern  render," — changing  "  many  quaint 
and  obsolete  words  and  phrases  for  others  more  intelligible 
and  pleasant."  This  is  as  intolerable  as  the  modern  ver- 
sions of  Chaucer  and  .Spenser.  Carrying  out  this  bright 
idea,  Mr.  Burder  favours  us  with  no  less  than  three  hun- 
dred "improvements"  on  the  first  eighteen  pages!  But 
we  are  happy  to  state  that  the  Massachusetts  S.  School 
Society  have  recently  (Boston,  1845,  ISmo)  issued  an  exact 
reprint  of  the  original ;  the  latter  is  now  so  scarce  that  a 
copy  was  recently  sold  iu  Boston  for  six  dollai's.  The  new 
edit,  is  pub.  at  a  low  price,  and  should  be  circulated  by 
thousands  and  tens  of  thousands  through  the  land.  If  the 
whole  of  the  seed  thus  sown  shall  produce  but  one  more 
Franklin,  the  expenditure  will  be  richly  repaid. 

But  to  return  to  the  subject  of  our  memoir.  Among 
young  Franklin's  first  literary  eflTorts  were  some  specimens 
of  ballad  poetry,  which  he  printed,  and  sold  himself  in  the 
streets  of  Boston : 

"  One  was  railed  Tlie  Light-Hotise  Tragedy,  and  contained  an  ac- 
count of  the  shipwreck  of  Captain  Wortbilalce  with  his  two  daug:h- 
ters;  the  other  was  a  sailor's  Kong,  on  the  takiug  of  the  Jamous 
Teach,  or  Blachbeard  the  pirate.  They  were  wretched  stuff,  in 
street-ballad  style;  and  when  they  were  printed,  my  brother  sent 
me  about  the  town  to  sell  them.  The  first  sold  prodisriously,  the 
event  being  recent,  and  havinp  made  a  preat  noise.  This  success 
flattered  my  vanity;  but  my  father  discouraged  me  by  crilicisin-j; 
my  performances,  and  telling  me  verse-makers  weie  generally  beg- 
gars. Thus  I  escaped  beiug  a  poet,  and  probably  a  very  bad  one." 
"—Aiifobingraphy. 

The  autobiography  from  which  we  have  quoted  is,  or 
should  be,  familiar  to  all  of  our  readers,  and  a  repetition 
will  not  be  expected  here.  To  this  work,  and  to  Dr.  Jnred 
Sparks's  continuation  of  his  Life,  we  must  refer  the  reader 
for  interesting  particulars  connected  with  the  career  of 
this  extraordinary  man  and  his  important  contributions 
to  human  knowledge.  A  rapid  summary  of  the  jirincipal 
incidents  in  his  lile  is  all  that  our  space  will  allow.  In 
172.3,  disgusted  with  the  continued  severity  of  his  brother's 
treatment  of  him,  he  removed  to  Philadelj)liia,  where 
he  obtained  emplo3'mcnt  with  a  printer  named  Keimer, 
and  devoted  himself  to  his  business  with  great  industry 
and  intelligence.  Having  made  the  acquaintance  of  Sir 
William  Keith,  then  Governor  of  Pennsylvania,  he  en- 
couraged him  to  establish  a  printing-office  for  himself.  As 
his  father  did  not  second  this  proposal,  Sir  William  sent 
him  to  London  in  1724  to  select  tbe  proper  stock  for  a  small 
printing-establishment.  Unable  to  accomplish  the  object 
jf  his  visit,  he  worked  at  his  trade  in  London  for  about 

63U 


two  years,  and  then  returned  to  Philadelphia.  It  was  whilst 
still  in  Lnn<h.n.in  t72.S,  that  he  pub.  A  Dissertation  cm  Li- 
berty and  Necessity,  Pleasure  and  Pain.  This  essay  in- 
troduced him  to  the  acquaintance  of  Mandeville,  tlie  auihor 
of  The  Fable  of  the  Bees.  It  is  not  to  be  doubted  that 
intimacies  with  English  freethinkers  at  this  period,  and 
with  French  deists  and  atheists  at  a  later  stage  of  his  life, 
did  much  to  engender  those  latitndinarian  sentiments  uiiou 
religious  suVgects  which  Franklin  is  known  to  have  enter- 
tained. Tbe  essay  on  Liberty  and  Necessity,  Ac.  is  not  to 
be  found  in  any  edition  of  Franklin's  Works.  When  Dr. 
Sparks,  in  1840,  pub.  his  edit.,  this  essay  was  supposed  to 
be  lost;  but  a  copy  has  since  been  discovered  in  Englancl. 
See  (London)  Notes  and  Queries  No.  114,  Jan.  3,  IS52; 
Duyckincks'  Cyc.  of  Amer.  Lit.  In  1727  he  entered  into 
partnership  with  a  person  named  Meredith,  and  two  years 
later  wrote  and  published  an  anonymous  pamphlet  on  the 
Nature  and  Necessity  of  Paper  Currency;  which  was  the 
cause  of  an  i>sue  of  bills  amounting  to  eighty  thousand 
pounds.  In  the  same  year  he  purchased  from  Keimer  the 
Pennsylvania  Gazette,  the  1st  Nt>.  of  which  bears  date  Dee. 
24,  172S.  Franklin  ami  ^Meredith's  first  issue  was  No.  40. 
Through  the  columns  of  tbis  j<uiinal,  and  by  the  agency 
of  the  Junto — a  club  established  by  him  on  his  return 
from  London — the  enterjirising  printer  now  controlled 
political  influence  to  no  contemptible  extent.  In  1730 
he  was  married  to  his  old  acquaintance,  Mrs.  Rogers,  for- 
merly Miss  Head,  who  had  been  deserted  by  her  husband; 
and  in  the  same  year  be  founded  the  public  library  in 
Philadelphia.  In  17;^2  he  first  pub.  Poor  Richard's  Alma- 
nac, wbirh  had  a  great  run — in  several  cases  an  annual 
sale  of  10,000  copies — for  25  years.  Franklin  was  now  a 
prominent  memlier  of  the  community,  and  in  1736  was 
chosen  Clerk  of  the  Provincial  Assembly;  in  1737  he  be- 
came deputy  postmaster  at  Philadelphia;  and  in  1753 
Postmaster-General  for  British  America.  In  1741  he  pub. 
The  General  Magazine  and  Historical  Chronicle  for  all  the 
British  Plantations  in  America;  in  1742  he  invented  what 
is  still  called  The  Franklin  Stove;  in  the  next  year  he 
originated  The  American  Philosophicol  Society:  in  1749 
he  had  the  great  satisfaction  of  establishing  in  Philadel- 
phia an  institution  of  learning,  which,  in  the  maturity  of 
its  age  and  fame,  as  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  has 
conferred  honour  of  the  most  substantial  kind  upon  the 
country  at  large;  in  1752  he  was  rejoiced  at  the  demon- 
stration of  the  truth  of  his  theory  of  tbe  identity  of  light- 
ning with  electricity;  in  1754  he  sat  as  a  delegate  in  the 
Congress  of  Commissioners  of  the  Colonies  convened  at 
Albany,  in  expectation  of  a  rupture  with  France ;  the  value 
of  bis  suggestions  in  this  assembly,  respecting  articles 
of  union  between  the  colonies,  is  well  known  to  the  student 
of  early  American  history.  Nor  must  we  omit  to  mention, 
among  the  services  rendered  by  Franklin  at  this  period, 
the  important  aid  which  he  rendered  to  Braddock  at  the 
moment  of  extreme  need.  In  1756  we  find  Franklin  com- 
manding in  person  on  the  frontier,  and  ready  to  endure 
any  hardships  or  perils  %vhich  the  nature  of  his  duties 
might  impose.  From  1757  to  1762  he  spent  in  England, 
as  agent  for  Pennsylvania,  (he  was  complimented  by  the 
degree  of  Doctor  of  Laws,  conferred  by  the  Universities  of 
Edinburgh,  Oxford,  and  St.  Andrew's,  and  chosen  Fellow 
of  the  Royal  Society,)  and  iu  1764  again  visited  England, 
with  a  petition  for  a  change  in  the  charter.  Whilst  in 
Great  Britain,  he  was  not  forgetful  of  the  interests  of  the 
colonies  at  large,  and  it  was  doubtless  greatly  owing  to  the 
eflfect  produced  by  his  celebrated  examination  before  the 
Parliament  in  1766  that  the  obnoxious  Stamp  Act  was 
repealed. 

When  the  difficulties  between  Great  Britain  and  her 
colonies  had  been  aggravated  to  a  state  of  open  hostility, 
Franklin  was  elected  a  member  of  the  American  Congress, 
and,  after  signing  tbe  Declaration  of  Independence,  was 
appointed  Minister  Plenipotentiary  to  France,  where  he 
arrived  in  December,  1776.  His  success  in  enlisting  the 
sympathies  and  substantial  assistance  of  tbe  French  peo- 
ple in  behalf  of  the  American  colonies  is  well  known.  He 
returneil  to  Philadelphia,  September  14,  17S5,  at  which 
period  he  had  attained  the  advanced  age  of  SO  years,  and 
was  received  with  the  enthusiastic  acclamations  of  a  grate- 
ful nation.  From  the  original  letter  in  the  valuable  col- 
lection of  our  esteemed  friend,  George  P.  Putnam,  of  New 
York,  we  copy  the  following  testimonial  to  the  patriotic 
services  of  the  individual  to  whom  it  is  addressed: 

'•  Momit  Vernon,  S^t.  25.  17S5. 
*'  Tear  Sir  :  Amid  the  public  gratulation  on  your  safe  it-turn  to 
America,  after  a  Ioul;  absence,  and  the  many  eminent  ser\  lees  you 
had  rendered  it — for  whi(.'h  as  a  benefitted  person  I  feel    the  obli- 
gation— i>ermit  an  individual  to  join  the  public  voice  iuexprebslug 


FRA 


his  sense  of  them;  and  to  assure  you,  that  as  no  one  entei-tains 
more  respect  for  your  character,  so  nuue  can  salute  you  with  more 
sincerity   or  with  greater  pleasure  than  I  do  on  the  occasion. 
*i  am — dear  sir, 

"  Your  most  obt. 

"  and  most  Hble.  Servt., 

"ti.  Washington. 
"The  Ilnn'ble  DocT.  Franklin." 

He  tJlleil  the  dignified  office  of  President  of  the  Com- 
monwcalili  of  Pennsylvaniii  from  1785  to  17SS,  and  in 
17S7  sat  ttilh  Washington  and  Hamilton  in  the  Federal 
Convention  which  framed  the  Constitiitiun  of  the  United 
States.  His  last  public  act  was  to  sign  his  name,  as  Pre- 
sident of  the  Abolition  Society,  to  a  memorial  to  Congress, 
and  the  last  paper  which  he  composed  was  on  the  same 
subject.  He  died  of  a  disease  of  the  lungs,  after  a  short 
illness,  on  the  17th  of  April,  1790. 

We  have  already  referred  to  the  religious  opinions  of 
this  eminent  philosopher  as  "  latitudinarian,"  and  we  know 
not  that  we  could  have  selected  a  better  word.  Nothing 
can  bo  fairer,  in  this  connexion,  thau  to  quote  his  own 
words,  in  a  letter  to  Dr.  Stiles,  dated  March  9,  1790,  but  a 
few  weeks  before  his  death  : 

"  As  to  Jesus  of  Nazareth,  my  ophiion  of  whom  you  particularly 
desire,  I  think  the  system  of  morals  and  bis  reli.^ion,  as  he  left 
them  to  us,  the  best  the  world  ever  saw,  or  is  likely  to  see;  but  I 
apprehend  it  has  received  various  corrupting  changes;  and  I  have, 
with  most  of  the  present  dissenters  in  England,  sume  doubts  as  to 
his  divinity."' 

"  It  may  not  be  unnecessary  to  remark,  that  if  we  may  credit 
Dr.  Priestley.  Dr.  Franklin  was  not  correct  in  estimating  the  senti- 
ments of  a  majority  of  the  dissenters  ia  Engluud." — rRKsiDENT 
Allen. 

When  Thomas  Paine  proposed  to  publish  his  infamous 
Age  of  Reason,  Franklin  wrote  to  him, 

"I  would  advise  you  not  to  attempt  unchaining  the  tiger,  but 
to  buru  this  piece  before  it  is  seen  by  any  other  person.  If  men 
are  so  wicked  with  religion,  what  would  they  be  without  it?" 

A  notice,  however  cursory,  of  the  religious  opinions  of 
Benjamin  Franklin,  would  be  hardly  just  if  it  omitted  to 
notice  a  memorable  declaration  made  by  him,  on  an  august 
occasion,  of  his  profound  belief  in  the  overruling  provi- 
dence of  Almighty  God. 

His  celebrated  speech  in  the  Convention  for  forming  a 
Constitution  for  the  United  States,  when  supporting  his 
motion  fur  providing  daily  prayer  in  the  Convention,  was 
in  these  words : 

"In  the  beginning  of  the  contest  with  Britain,  when  we.  tvrre 
sensible  of  danger,  we  had  daily  prayers  in  this  room  for  the  Divine 
protection.  Our  piayers,  sir.  were  "beard. and  they  were  graciously 
answered.  All  of  us  who  were  engaged  in  the  struggle  must  have 
observed  frequent  instances  of  a  superintending  Providence  in  our 
favour.  To  that  kind  Providence  we  owe  thts  happy  opportunity 
of  consulting  in  peace  on  the  means  of  establishing  our  futinr  na- 
tional felicity.  And  have  we  now  forgotten  this  powerful  frinnd? 
or  do  we  imagine  we  no  longer  need  His  assistance?  I  have  Hvd, 
ti}\alongUine,[ii\  years;]  and  th^- longer  I  live.  Vie  more  cuvmcmg 
proofs  I  sec  of  this  truth,  that  God  gova-ns  in  the  affairs  of  man. 
And  if  a  sparrow  cannot  fall  to  the  ground  without  His  notice,  is 
it  probable  that  an  empire  can  lise  without  His  aid?  AVe  have 
beeu  assured,  sir,  in  the  sacred  writings,  'that  except  the  Lord 
build  the  house,  they  labour  in  vain  that  build  it.'  1  tiinily  be- 
lieve this;  and  I  also  believe  that  without  Ilis  concurring  aid.  we 
shall  succeed  in  this  political  building  no  better  than  the  builders 
Of  Babel;  we  shall  be  divided  by  our  little  partial  local  interests; 
our  projects  will  be  confounded;  and  we  ourselves  shall  become  a 
reproach  and  a  by-word  down  to  future  ages.  And  what  is  worse, 
mankind  may  herejifter,  from  this  unfortunate  instance,  despair 
of  establishing  government  by  human  wisdom,  and  leave  it  to 
chance,  war,  or  conquest.  I  therefore  beg  leave  to  move  that 
henceforth  prayers,  imploring  the  assistance  of  Heaven  and  its 
hlefsing  on  our  deliberations,  be  held  in  this  assembly  every 
morning  before  we  proceed  to  business;  and  that  one  or  more  of 
the  clergy  of  this  city  be  requested  to  officiate  in  that  service." 

His  death  was  sincerely  mourned  both  in  Europe  and 
America. 

*'  Mirabeau  announced  in  the  General  Assembly  of  France  that 
*the  genius  which  had  freed  America,  and  poured  a  flood  of  light 
over  Europe,  had  returned  to  the  bosom  of  the  Divinity.'  'Every- 
where,' to  use  the  language  of  Koebefoucauld.  '  he  was  the  object 
of  the  regrets,  as  he  had  been  of  the  admiration,  of  the  friends  of 
liberty.'" 

Turgot  celebrated  his  discoveries  in  electricity,  and  his 
labours  in  bchiilf  of  freedom,  in  the  striking  line  written 
by  him  under  Franklin's  portrait; 

'■  El  ipuit  cwlo  fulmen,  sceptrumque  tyrannis." 

The  history  of  this  celebrated  line  need  not  here  be  re- 
peated. 

His  E.xperiments  and  Observations  on  Electricity,  made 
at  Philadeliihia,  [proving  that  lightning  and  electricity 
are  the  same,]  and  communicated  in  several  Letters  to  Mr. 
P.  Collinson  of  London,  were  pub.  in  that  city  in  1751,  '53, 
'54,  3  Pts.  4to.  They  were  not  originally  designed  for 
publication,  but  Collinson  thought  them  too  important 
to  be  withheld.  The  public  interest  in  these  experiments 
justified  CoUinson's  anticipations.   "  Notbiug,"  says  Priest- 


FRA 

ley,  "was  ever  written  on  the  subject  more  justly  applauded- 
All  the  world,  even  kings,  flocked  to  see  them,  and  retired 
full  of  admiration."  They  were  tested  with  eminent  suc- 
cess by  M.  de  Loz,  in  Paris,  I'y  M.  Beccaria,  in  Turin,  by 
Richmann,  in  Russia,  and  by  philosophers  in  various  coun- 
tries. Professor  Richmann,  as  if  to  rebuke  his  temerity, 
was  struck  dead,  in  the  midst  of  his  investigations,  by  the 
formidable  element  which  he  had  chosen  for  a  plaything. 
The  4th  edit,  of  his  letters  and  papers  on  electricity,  en- 
larged by  essays  on  variims  philosophical  subjects,  appeared 
in  1769,  4to.  This  edit.,  and  the  5th,  which  was  pub.  five 
years  later,  is  supposed  by  Dr.  Sparks  to  have  received 
some  degree  of  attention  from  the  author,  who  was  then 
in  London.  Translations  of  his  writings  were  made  into 
Latin,  French,  Italian,  and  German,  and  appeared  in  va- 
rious parts  of  Europe.  In  1772  M.  Dubourg  made  a  new 
collection  of  Franklin's  writings,  including  some  not  be- 
fore printed,  and  pub.  them  at  Paris.  2  vols.  4to.  In  1779 
another  collection  was  pub.  in  London,  consit^ting  of  Po- 
litical. Miscellaneous,  and  Philosophical  Pieces.  These, 
few  of  which  were  in  print  before,  were  edited  by  Benja- 
min Vaughan,  an  intimate  friend  and  correspondent  of  the 
author.  In  1787  a  selection  from  the  above  edits,  was  pub. 
in  a  thin  8vo. 

In  179.3  there  appeared  in  London  what  is  called  The 
Works  of  Dr.  Franklin,  in  2  vols.  ;  in  179S  a  selection  of 
his  pieces  was  pub.  in  Paris,  2  vols.  Svo;  and  in  ISOH  an 
edition,  superintended  by  a  Mr.  Marshall,  w.is  issued  in  Lon- 
don, in  3  vols.  Svo.  In  1816-19  edits,  were  pub.  iu  Eng- 
land and  the  United  States,  by  William  Temple  Franklin, 
grandson  of  the  author,  and  Mr.  AVilliara  Duane  of  Phila- 
delphia, (also  a  descendant  of  Dr.  Franklin,)  first  in  3  vol3. 
4to,  (Lou.,)  subsefiuentlv  in  6  vols.  Svo,  Lon.,  1S18;  also 
iu  1S33;  Phila.,  ISIS,  the  Phila.  ed.,  in  6  vols.  Svo,  con- 
tains some  ])ai)ers  and  letters  not  to  be  found  in  the  Lon. 
ed.  It  ha?  licen  reprinted  in  2  vids.  r.  Svo.  There  is  a  Lon. 
ed.  of  his  Life  and  Writings.  ISIS.  2  vols.  Svo.  There  has 
been  rcpub.  at  Paris,  in  2  vols.,  a  selection  from  Franklin's 
writings  in  Spanish,  translated  from  the  French  by  Man- 
gino.  Further  particulars  respecting  the  eds.  of  Franklin's 
writings  will  be  found  in  the  Preface  to  Sparks's  ed.,  Bos- 
ton, 1836-40,  to  which  we  are  indebted  for  many  of  the 
facts  now  stated.  New  ed.  of  the  same,  thoroughly  revised, 
with  additions  and  new  illustrations.  Phila..  1858,  10  vols. 
Svo.  This  edition  is  the  only  complete  one.  and  contains 
about  six  hundred  and  fifty  letters  and  miscellaneous 
papers  (more  thau  one-third  of  the  whole  bulk  of  the  new 
ed.)  not  to  be  i'ound  in  any  other  collection.  Of  these, 
upwards  of  four  hundred  and  sixty  had  never  been 
printed.  The  Familiar  Letters  of  Franklin,  pub.  in  1833 
by  Dr.  Sparks,  are  included  in  this  ed..  and  magazines, 
pamphlet?^,  and  newspapers  have  been  industriously  exa- 
mined, and  no  printed  paper  omitted  which  is  known  to 
have  been  written  by  Franklin.  The  number  of  books, 
papers,  &c. — excluding  letter.s — is  no  less  than  304! 

"  In  classifying  these  materials,  the  following  arrangement  haa 
been  adopted : 

'•1.  Autobiography. 

"2.  Essays  on  Religious  and  Moral  Subjects  and  the  Economy 
of  Life. 

''3.  Essays  on  General  Politics.  Commerce,  and  Polit.  Economy. 
"4!  Essai,  s  and  Tracts,  Uistorical  and  Political,  before  the  Ame- 
rican Hevolution. 

"  5.  Political  Papers  during  and  after  the  American  Revolution. 
"  6.  Letteis  and  Papers  on  Electricity. 
"7.  Letters  and  Papers  on  Philosophical  Subjects. 
'■8.  Correspondence. 

"  Under  each  head  all  the  artiiles  have  been  placed  in  the  order 
in  which  they  were  written,  nlth  the  date  of  each  prefixed  wher- 
ever Ibis  could  be  ascertained.  The  Correspondecce  i.s  also  printed 
in  chnmological  order  from  beginning  to  end,  without  regard  to 
the  contents  of  the  letters.  This  method  was  believed  to  be  pre- 
ferable to  any  atteqipt  at  a  classification,  because  in  numernus  in- 
stances a  t^ingle  letter  treats  of  various  subjects,  both  of  a  political 
and  of  a  private  nature." — Preface. 

We  need  not  dwell  upon  the  great  value  of  the  learned 
editor's  notes  and  historical  remarks,  which  illustrate  the 
text.  Dr.  Sparks  has  not  forgotten  the  great  importance 
of  a  copious  index  to  a  work  of  this  character— to  a  good 
work  of  any  character.  He  gives  us.  indeed,  no  less  than 
five  indexes,  viz.:  Index.  I.  A  List  of  the  Author's  Writ^ 
ings,  chronologically  arranged.  II.  Letters  written  by 
Franklin  to  Individuals  and  Public  Bodies.  II L  Letters 
addressed  to  Franklin  by  Various  Persons.  IV.  Miscel- 
laneous Letters,     V.  General  Index. 

Can  any  collector  of  American  history  do  without  such 
a  noble  set  of  volumes  as  this? 

As  regards  minor  publications,  Franklin's  autobio- 
graphy has  been  frequently  pub.  in  America  and  England, 
and  we  have  edits,  of  his  Life  by  HoUey,  Stanley.  Weema, 


631 


FRA 

and  Weld,  and  sundry  compilations  from  his  writin^f. 
On  this  eminent  philosopher  and  statfsman — of  whom  Lord 
Brougham  declares  that  "his  genius  ranks  him  with  the 
Galileos  and  the  Newtons  of  the  Old  World,"  and  i.f  whom 
Mirabeau  does  not  scruple  to  assert,  "Antiquity  would 
have  raised  altars  to  this  mighty  genius," — it  would  be 
easy  to  quote  pages  of  panegyric :  but  our  space  allows 
of  but  brief  citation.  At  the  conclusion  of  this  article, 
however,  we  shall  refer  the  reader  to  other  papers  upon 
the  fertile  themes  of  Franklin  and  bis  discoveries. 

"  A  singular  felicity  of  induction  guuted  all  his  lepearchea.  and 
by  very  Piiiall  means  he  estahlished  very  grand  truths.  The  style 
and  maimer  of  his  publication  on  electricity  are  almost  as  worthy 
of  admiration  as  the  doctrine  it  contains.  He  has  endeavoured  to 
remove  nil  mystery  and  obscurity  from  the  subject.  lie  has  wiit^ 
ten  eriually  for  the  uninitiated  and  for  the  philosopher:  and  he  has 
rendered  bis  details  amusing  and  perspicuous,  elegant  as  well  as 
simple.  Science  appears  in  his  language  in  a  dress  wonderfully 
decorous,  best  adapted  to  display  her  native  loveliness.  He  has 
in  no  instance  exhil»ited  that  false  dignity  by  which  philosophy  is 
kept  aloof  from  common  applications;  and  he  has  sought  rather 
to  make  her  a  useful  inmate  and  servant  in  the  common  habita- 
tions of  man,  than  to  preserve  her  mei'ely  as  an  object  of  admira- 
tion in  temples  and  palaces." — Siit  Humpury  Davy. 

"This  self-taught  American  is  the  most  rational,  perhaps,  of  all 
philosophers.  He  never  loses  sight  of  common  sense  in  any  of  his 
speculations:  and  when  his  philosophy  dues  not  consist  entirely 
in  its  fair  and  vigorous  application,  it  is  aUvtiy.?  regulated  and  con- 
trolled by  it  in  its  application  and  result.  No  individual,  perhaps, 
ever  possessed  a  juster  understanding,  or  was  so  seldom  obstructed 
iu  the  use  of  it  by  indolence,  enthusiasm,  or  authority.  .  .  .  The 
distinguishing  feature  of  his  understanding  was  great  .soundness 
and  sagacity;  combined  with  extraordinary  quickness  of  penetra- 
tion. He  possessed  also  a  strong  and  lively  imairinalion.  which 
gave  his  speculations,  as  well  as  his  condui-t,  a  singularly  original 
turn.  The  peculiar  charm  of  his  writings,  and  his  great  merit 
also  in  action,  consisted  in  the  clearness  with  which  he  saw  his 
object, — and  the  bold  and  steady  pursuit  of  it.  by  the  surest  and 
the  shortest  road.  He  never  suffered  himself,  in  conduct,  to  be 
turned  aside  by  the  seductions  of  interest  or  vanity,  or  to  be  scared 
hy  hesitation  and  fear,  or  to  be  misled  by  the  arts  of  bis  adversa- 
ries. Neither  did  he,  in  disi-ussion,  ever  go  out  of  his  way  in 
search  of  ornament,  or  stop  shurt  from  dread  of  the  consequences. 
He  never  could  be  cau^rht,  in  short,  acting  absurdlv.  or  writing 
nonsensically :  at  all  times,  and  in  every  thing  he  uudertocik,  the 
vigour  of  an  understanding  at  once  original  and  practical  was 
distinctly  perceivable. 

"  But  it  must  not  be  supposed  that  his  writincs  are  devoid  of 
ornament  or  amusement.  The  latter  especiully  aUiunds  in  almost 
all  he  ever  composed:  only  nothin;;  is  sacrificed  to  them.  On  the 
contrary,  they  come  most  naturally  into  their  places;  and  they 
uniformly  help  in  the  purpose  in  hand,  of  which  neither  writer  nor 
reader  ever  loses  sight  for  an  instant.  Thus,  his  style  has  all  the 
vigour  and  even  conciseness  of  Swift,  without  any  of  his  harsh- 
ness. It  is  in  no  degree  more  flowery,  yet  both  elegant  and  lively. 
The  wit,  or  rather  humour,  which  prevails  in  his  works,  varies  with 
the  subject.  Sometimes  he  ia  bitter  aud  sarcastic;  often  gay  and 
even  droll:  reminding  us,  in  this  respect,  far  more  frequently  of 
Addison  than  of  Swift,  as  might  naturally  be  expected  from  his 
admirable  temper,  or  tlie  happy  turn  of  his  investi'.'ation.  .  .  . 
Upon  the  whole,  we  look  upon  the  life  and  writings  of  Dr.  Franklin 
as  affording  a  striking  illustration  of  the  incalculable  value  of  a 
eound  and  well-directed  understanding,  and  of  the  comparative 
Tiselessness  of  learning  and  laborious  accomplishments.  Without 
the  slightest  pretensions  to  the  character  of  a  scholar  or  man  of 
science,  he  has  extended  the  bounds  of  human  knowledge  on  a 
variety  of  subjects,  which  scholars  and  men  of  science  had  previ- 
ously investigated  without  success;  and  has  only  been  found  de- 
ficient in  those  studies  which  the  learned  have  generally  turned 
from  in  disdain.  We  would  not  be  understood  to  say  any  thing 
in  disparagement  of  scholarship  and  science;  but  the  value  of  these 
instruments  is  apt  i>)  be  overrated  by  their  possessors  :  and  it  is  a 
wholesome  mortifi-ari.in  to  shew  them  that  the  work  may  be  done 
without  them.  We  have  long  known  that  their  employment  does 
not  insure  its  success." — Lord  Jeffrey  ;  £izn.  Eev.,  viii.  327-344 : 
zxviii.  275-302,  q.  v. 

These  last  reflections  of  Lord  Jeffrey  hardly  require  a 
serious  answer.  It  were  as  wise  to  say  that  the  American 
Indian,  whose  native  talent  enables  him  to  fashion  his 
canoe  with  a  rudo  flint,  could  not  make  a  better  canoe, 
and  sooner  despatch  his  work,  with  the  steel  axe  and  the 
sharp  tools  used  by  his  civilized  neighbour.  Had  Franklin 
been  an  educated  man,  doubtless  he  would  have  been 
enabled  to  add  larger  contributions  to  the  stock  of  human 
knowledge  than  those  which  have  immortalized  his  name. 

See  papers  on  Franklin,  his  Correspondence  and  his 
Discoveries,  in  the  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  vii.  2S9.  by  A.  Norton  ; 
xxxvii.  249,  by  W.  B.  0.  Peabody ;  lix.  44fi,  by  Francis 
Bowen  ;  Meth.  Quar.  Rev.,  vii. 'im,  by  Wm.  11.  Allen ; 
Lon.  Month.  Rev..  Ixxxiii.  IS,  133,  Ixxxviii.  409,  cxxxii. 
239  :  Amcr.  Month.  Rev.,  iv.  124.  The  reader  must  also 
peruse  John  Foster's  Review  of  Dr.  Franklin's  Private 
Correspondence,  (contrih.  to  the  Lon.  Eclec.  Rev.,  and  re- 
pub,  in  the  collective  ed.  of  his  contribs.  to  that  periodical,) 
and  Edward  Everett's  Boyhood  and  Youth  of  Franklin. 

We  are  glad  to  observe  an  announcement  of  the  intended 
publication  (N.Y.,  lSo9)  of  Letters  to  Benjamin  Franklin 
from  his  Family  and  Friends :  a  coUectiou  of  about  eighty 

con  O        i/ 


FRA 

I  original  letters,  1751-90.  These  are  in  the  possession  of 
i  Franklin  Bathe.  M.D.,  and  are  being  carefully  copied  and 
)  annotated  by  Mr.  William  Duane,  (great-grandsons  of  Ben- 
I  jaCAin  Franklin.)  Edition,  260  copies,  (Svo,  about  250 
pp. :)   10  copies  on  large  paper,  $10  each. 

Franklin,  Eleanor  Ann,  1795-1825,  a  daughter  of 
Mr.  Porden,  architect,  was  married  in  1823  to  Sir  John 
Franklin,  the  unfortunate  navigator.  1.  The  Veils;  or, 
The  Triumph  of  Constancy  ;  a  Poem,  in  six  Books,  Lon., 
1815,  Svo.  2.  The  Arctic  Expedition;  a  Poem,  1813. 
This  poem,  suggested  by  a  visit  to  the  hnheUa  and  Alex- 
nnder,  discovery  ships,  led  to  an  acquaintance  with  Sir 
John  Franklin,  one  of  the  adventurers,  which  resulted  in 
marriage.  3.  Coeur  dc  Liou  ;  an  Epic  Poem  on  the  third 
Crusade,  1824,  2  vols.  8vo.  Mrs.  Franklin  died  six  days 
after  the  departure  of  her  husband  on  his  second  expedi- 
tion.    See  Franklin,  Sir  John. 

Franklin,  J.  Hist,  of  anc.  and  mod.  Egypt,  from  the 
most  authentic  records,  Lon..  ISllO,  3  vols.  12mo. 

Franklin,  James.  A  Philos.  and  Polit.  Hist,  of  the 
13  U.  States  of  America,  Lon.,  1784.  12mo. 

Franklin,  James,  Present  State  of  Hayti,  Lon., 
1828.  cr.  Svo. 

"The  statements  concerning  the  productions,  commerce,  re- 
sources, population,  aud  govei-nment  of  Hayti.  are  minute  and 
particular,  and  were  obt.nined  by  personal  iuquiry  during  a  resi- 
dence in  the  West  Indies.'' — N.  Amer.  Kev. 

Franklin,  Sir  John,  an  eminent  navigator,  b.  1786, 
at  Spilsliy,  Lincolnshire,  entered  the  Royal  Navy  as  a 
midshipman  in  1^(10,  was  present  at  the  battle  of  Trafal- 
gar in  I80f)  and  the  battle  of  New  Orleans  in  1814,  and 
was  selected  in  1819  to  head  an  expedition  overland  from 
Hudson's  Bay  to  the  Arctic  Ocean.  After  encountering 
great  hardships,  and  very  frequently  at  the  point  of  death 
from  hunger  and  fatigue,  he  reached  home  in  October, 
1822.  In  the  next  year  he  was  married  to  Miss  Porden. 
See  Fn.ANKLiN,  Eleanor  Ann.  In  1825  he  submitted  to 
Lord  Bathurst  "a  plan  for  an  expedition  overland,  to  the 
mouth  of  the  Mackenzie  river,  and  thence  by  sea,  to  the 
N.  West  extremity  of  America,  with  the  combined  object 
also,  of  surveying  the  coast  between  the  Mackenzie  and 
Copper  Mine  rivers." 

This  proposition  was  accepted,  and,  to  superintend  the 
expedition,  he  embarked  at  Liverpool,  February  16,  1825, 
after  the  *' severe  struggle  of  taking  leave  of  his  wife, 
whose  death,  then  hourly  expected,  took  place  six  days 
after  his  departure." 

After  encountering  great  hardships,  the  moving  masses 
of  ice  forced  the  heroic  sailors  to  retrace  their  steps.  Sep- 
tember 1,  1827,  Captain  Franklin  arrived  at  Liverpool, 
married  a  second  time  in  November  of  the  following  year, 
and  in  1829  received  the  honour  of  knighthood.  The  per- 
severing zeal  of  Lady  Franklin  iu  stimulating  the  search 
for  Sir  John,  for  ten  years  pa.st.,  is  well  known  to  the 
world.  He  was  greatly  disappointed  at  his  unsuccessful 
attempts  to  accomplish  the  object  of  his  voyages ;  remark- 
ing, with  reference  to  his  compulsory  return  in  1827  : 

'•  It  W.1S  with  no  ordinary  pain  that  I  could  now  bring  myself 
even  to  think  of  relimjuishing  the  great  object  of  my  ambition, 
[the  discovery  of  a  North  West  passage  from  the  Atlantic  to  the 
P.acitic  Ocean.]  and  of  disappointing  the  flattering  hopes  which  had 
been  reposed  in  my  exertions.  But  I  h.ad  hiL'her  duties  to  perform 
than  the  gratification  of  my  own  feelings,  and  a  mature  considera- 
tion of  all  things  forced  me  to  the  conclusion  that  we  hati  reached 
that  point  beyond  which  perseverance  would  be  rashness  and  the 
best  efforts  would  be  fruitless." 

The  Montreal  Gazette  of  Sept.  11,  1822,  remarks: 
*'It  appears  that  the  toils  and  sufferings  of  the  expedition  have 
been  of  the  most  tryimr  description,  and  that,  if  they  do  not  ex- 
ceed belief,  they  were  at  least  of  such  a  nature  as  almost  to  over- 
come the  stoutest  heart,  and  deter  all  future  attempts  of  a  similar 
tendency." 

But  this  writer  little  knew  the  iron  stuff  of  which  Sir 

John  Franklin  was  made. 

I       On  the  26th  of  May.  1845,  Sir  John  started  upon  a  third 

I  expedition,  in  two  ships,  the  Erebus  and  Terror;  he  was 

I  heard  from  on  the  26th  of  July  of  the  same  year,  and 

passed  his  first  winter  in  a  cove  between  Cnpe  Riley  and 

Beechey   Island.      Since   that  period,  many   expeditions 

fro[u  England  and  America  have  been  despatched  in  search 

of  the  adventurer,  but  it  was  not  until  November,  1854, 

that  news  reached  England  which  leaves  little  doubt  that 

I  the  whole  party  perished  in  the  winter  of  1850-51.     See 

!  London  Gent.  Mag.,  Nov.  1854,  479;    Dec,  1854,  594-95. 

Since  the  above  was  written,  we  have  further  intelligence, 

— by  the  return  of  Mr.  James  G.  Stewart's  expedition,  de- 

I  spatched  by   the  British   Hudson's   Bay   Company,    18th 

Nov.,   1854;    arrived  at  St.  Paul,  Minnesota,   lOth   Dec, 

1856. — which  places  beyond  all  doubt  the  loss  of  Sir  John 

Franklin  and  his  party.     Some  of  their  shoes,  cooking- 


FRA 


FRA 


utensils,  &c.,  were  found  among  the  Esquimaux,  who  de- 
clared that  they  had  died  of  starvation. 

By  a  curious  coincidence,  on  the  day  that  we  are  pen- 
ning this  article,  (Oct.  11,  1S65,)  the  last  expedition — sent 
specially  in  search  of  Dr.  Kane  and  his  party — which  sailed 
from  New  York  in  June,  18o5,  has  arrived  at  home.  The 
explorers  bring  with  them  Dr.  Kane  and  all  of  his  com- 
pany save  three — a  carpenter,  a  cuok,  and  a  seaman,  lost 
by  deatli.  The  remainder  of  the  party  are  more  or  less 
frost-bitten.  Of  the  last  expedition — the  steamer  (pro- 
peller) Arctic,  Lieut.  Simms,  and  the  barque  Release, 
Lieut.  Hartstcne^the  Arctic  (Lieut.  Hartstene  was  on 
board)  made  its  way  north  to  hit.  78°  'A2',  when  it  was 
stopped  by  the  ice.  The  Advance,  Dr.  Kane's  vessel,  had 
been  pushed  as  far  north  as  possible,  (.«ee  "  Geographical 
Results,"  below,)  when  she  was  frozen  in,  and  of  course 
had  to  be  abandoned.  The  ship's  company  were  found  by 
the  Arctic  and  Release  on  the  island  of  Disco.  They  have 
been  absent  from  home  since  May  31,  1853,  and  are  re- 
ceived with  great  rejoicings.  They  have  made  several 
important  discoveries,  and  added  largely  to  our  knowledge 
of  the  inhospitable  region  the  perils  and  discomforts  of 
which  they  have  so  bravely  encountered.  From  a  state-  ' 
ment  in  the  New  York  Tribune  of  Oct.  12,  1855,  we  extract 
the  following  resume  of  the  results  uf  Dr.  Kane's  last  voy- 
age. For  an  account  of  his  former  explorations,  see  his 
work  noticed  at  the  end  of  this  article.  I 

"  GEOORAPHICAL  RESULTS. 

"I.Greenland  has  been  followed  ami  charted  by  Dr.  Kane  to-  | 
ward  the  Atlantic  with  a  coast-line  puinting  due  north,  until  a  , 
stupendous  glacier  abaolutt^ly  checked  tbt-ir  profrress.  This  mass  , 
of  ice  rose  in  a  lofty  precipice  five  hundivd  feet  high,  abutting  into 
the  sea.  It  undoubtedly  is  the  only  barrier  between  Greenland  ! 
and  the  Atlantic.  It  is  an  effectual  larrier  toall  future  exploration.  I 

'•This  glacier,  in  spite  of  the  difficulty  of  falling  bergs,  was  ful-  I 
lowed  out  to  sea  by  means  of  sledges ;  the  party  rafting  themselves 
across  open-water  spaces  on  masses  of  ice.  In  this  way  they  suc- 
ceeded in  travelling  eighty  miles  along  its  base,  and  traced  it  into 
a  new  northern  land.  This  glacier  is,  we  believe,  the  largest  ever 
discovered  by  any  navigator. 

"II.  This  new  land  thus  cemented  to  Greenland  by  protruding 
ice  was  named  Washiui^ton.  The  large  bay  which  intervenes  be- 
tween it  and  Greenland  bears  the  name  of  Mr.  Peabody  of  Balti- 
more, one  of  the  projectors  of  the  expedition.  This  icy  connection  of 
the  Old  and  New  World  seems  to  us  a  feature  of  romantic  interest. 

"III.  The  range  of  the  sledge  journeys  may  be  understood  from 
the  fact  that  the  eniire  circuit  of  Smith  Sound  has  been  effected 
and  its  shores  completely  charted.  But  the  real  discovery  of  the 
expedition  is  the  open  I'olar  sea.  The  channel  leading  to  these 
waters  was  entirely  free  from  ice;  and  this  mysterious  feature  was 
rendered  the  more  remarkable  by  the  existence  of  a  belt  of  solid 
ice  extending  one  hundred  and  twenty-five  miles  to  the  south- 
ward. This  sea  verifies  the  views  of  Dr.  Kane  as  expressed  to  the 
Geographic^il  Society  before  his  departure.  The  lashings  of  the 
surf  against  the  frozen  beach  of  ice  was  impressive  beyond  descrip- 
tion. Several  gentlemen  with  whom  we  have  conversed  speak  of 
the  matter  as  one  of  peculiar  interest.  An  area  of  three  thousand 
square  miles  has  been  seen,  entirely  free  from  ice.  This  channel 
has  been  named  after  the  Hon.  J.  l\  Kennedy,  late  Secretary  of  the 
United  States  Xavy,  under  whose  auspices  the  expedition  was  un- 
dertaken. 

"IV.  The  land  to  the  north  and  west  of  this  channel  has  been 
charted  as  high  as  82°  30'.  This  is  the  nearest  land  to  the  Pole 
yet  known,  it  bears  thenameof  Mr.  Henry  Grinnell,  the  founder 
of  the  enterprise." 

Perhaps  so  long  an  article  on  this  subject,  in  aLiterary 
Dictionary,  is  rather  out  of  place ;  but  who  can  resist  being 
led  away  by  such  themes?  The  render  who  desires  to 
pursue  this  interesting  topic  must  refer  to  the  following 
publications: — 1.  Capt.  John  Franklin's  Narrative  of  a 
Journey  to  the  Shores  of  the  Polar  Sea,  1819-22,  with  an 
Appendix  on  various  Subjects  relating  to  Science  and 
Natural  History,  Lon.,  1823,  4to,  pp.  784;  34  Plates,  and 
four  Maps,  £4  4«.  The  Appendix  on  Natural  History  is 
by  Sir  John  Richardson,  Sabine,  Lieut.  Hood,  &c.  The 
Plates  are  beautifully  engraved  by  Finden  (some  of  them 
coloured)  after  drawings  by  Lieuts.  Hood  and  Back.  A 
Becond  and  third  edit,  were  pub.  in  1824,  both  in  2  vols. 
8vo,  without  the  plates. 

Also  an  ed.  in  Phila.,  8vo,  same  year. 

'■The  unstudied  and  seaman-like  simplicity  of  the  style  is  not 
the  least  of  its  merits;  and  the  illustrations  and  embellishments, 
fi-om  the  drawings  of  the  late  unfortunate  Mr.  Hood  and  Mr.  Uat'k, 
are  of  a  very  superior  kind." — 2>m.  Qiiar.  Itev. 

'■A  work  of  intense  and  indeed  painful  interest,  from  the  suffer- 
ings of  those  who  performed  this  journey;  of  value  to  geography 
by  no  means  proportional  to  these  sufferings ;  but  instructive  in 
meteorology  and  natural  history." — Stcvrntun's  Voy.  and  Travels. 

2.  Capt.  John  Franklin's  Narrative  of  a  Second  Expedi- 
tion to  the  Shores  of  the  Polar  Sea,  1825-27;  including 
an  Account  of  the  Progress  of  a  Detachment  to  the  East- 
ward, by  John  Richardson.  M.D.,  F.R.S.,  .tc.  Surgeon 
and  Naturalist  to  the  Expedition.  Illustrated  bv  numerous 
Maps  and  Plates,  1828,  4to,  pp.  447,  £4  4«.     The  Second 


Expedition  has  not  in  England  been  pub.  in  Svo,  but  see 
below. 

"The  views  of  Arctic  Scenery  with  which  this  volume  is  both 
illustrated  and  embellished  are  of  extreme  beauty.  They  supply, 
in  a  great  measure,  the  absence  of  pic-turesque  description,  and 
delineate,  with  singular  truth,  the  striking  peculiarities  which 
distinguish  the  aspect  of  these  regions  from  that  of  the  temperate 
climates." — J'jlin.  J\^:^\ 

"It  is  difficult  to  do  sufficient  justice  either  to  the  skill  and 
intelligence  displayed  in  it^-j  conduct,  or  the  information  to  be  de- 
rived from  it." — Amei;  Quay.  iltv. 

There  is  an  edit.  pub.  in  1S29,  Lon.,  4  vols.  18mo,  of  Sir 
John  Franklin's  Two  Journeys  to  the  Shores  of  the  Polar 
Sea  in  1819-27,  with  engravings  by  Finden,  £1.  Anedit.- 
of  the  second  expeditiun  was  pub.  in  Phila..  1828,  Svo. 

The  render  must  also  peruse,  1.  Mr.  P.  L.  Simnionds'a 
account  of  Sir  John  Franklin  and  the  Arctic  Regions, 
1851,  12mo;  2d  ed.,  1852,  12mo ;  3d  ed.,  1853,  12mo.  2. 
Papers  and  Correspondence  relative  to  the  Arctic  Expedi- 
tion under  Sir  John  Franklin.  Ordered  by  the  House  of 
Commons  to  be  printed,  March  5, 1850-52,  fol.  3.  The  Frank- 
lin Expedition,  or  Considerations  on  Measures  for  the  Dis- 
covery and  Relief  of  our  Absent  Adventurers  in  the  Arctic 
Regions  ;  with  Maps,  by  the  Rev.  AV.  Score.«by,  D.D.,  1850. 
4.  Arctic  Searching  Expedition  :  a  Journal  of  a  Roat  Voy- 
age through  Rupert's  Land  and  the  Arctic  Sea,  in  Search 
of  the  Discovery  Ships  under  Command  of  Sir  John  Frank- 
lin ;  with  an  Appendix  on  the  Physical  Ger.grapliy  of 
North  America.  By  Sir  John  Richardson,  M.D..  F.R.S., 
kc.  Inspector  of  Hospitals  and  Fleets.  PuIJished  by 
Authority  of  the  Admiralty.  With  a  coloured  Map,  seve- 
ral PLates  printed  in  Colours,  and  Woodcuts,  2  vols.  8vo. 

■'  Valuable  alike  to  the  scientiiic  student  or  the  future  wanderer 
over  these  wild  plains,  and  the  lonely  settler  whom  European  en- 
terprise may  locate  among  these  far  distant  tribes.  It  is  a  book 
to  study  rather  than  to  read:  and  yet  so  attractive  in  its  style,  and 
so  instructive  in  its  collation  of  facts,  that  many  will  be  led  to  its 
study  as  a  work  of  science  whilst  merely  engaged  in  its  perusal  as 
a  book  of  travels." — Britannui. 

5.  A  Lecture  on  Arctic  Expeditions,  delivered  at  the 
London  Institution,  by  C.  R.  Weld,  Esq.  Second  edition, 
Map,  p.  Svo. 

"An  intelligent  general  view  of  the  subject  of  Arctic  Discovery 
from  early  times,  a  rapid  but  well-informed  sketch  of  its  heroes 
and  its  vicissitudes  in  modern  days,  a  hopeful  view  of  the  chances 
of  Franklin's  return,  and  an  account  of  the  circumstances  of  the 
original  expedition  and  of  the  voyages  in  search,  whiih  will  be 
read  with  considerable  interest  just  now." — Lon.  Examiner. 

6.  Article  entitled  Attempts  to  find  a  North-West  Pas- 
sage, in  N.  Anier.  Rev.,  Ixix.  1  ;  and  the  following  articles 
on  Sir  John  Franklin  and  the  Arctic  Regions  :  7.  N.  Amer. 
Rev.,  Ixxi.  IGS.  8.  N.  York  Eclec.  Mag.,  xx.  60.  9,  10. 
Boston  Living  Age,  (from  the  London  Examiner,)  xxiv. 
275  and  279.  Search  for  Sir  J.  F.  11.  Eraser's  Ma^'.,  xliii. 
198  ;  same  art.,  N.  York  Eclec.  Mag.,  xxii.42U.  12.  Fraser'a 
Mag.,xliv.  502.  13.  Boston  Living  Age.  (from  the  Lon. 
New  Monthly  Mag..)  xxxi.  291.  Second  Expedition  of  Sir 
J.  F.  14.  Lou.  Quar.  Rev.,  xxxviii.  335.  15,  16.  Lon. 
Month,  Rev.,  cii.  1,156;  cxvii.  1.  17.  South  Rev.,  iii.  261, 
Track  of  Sir  J.  F.  18.  N.  York  Eclec.  Mag.,  xxii.  112. 
Also,  19.  Meare.<!,  J.,  Voyages  made  in  17S8-S9  from  China 
to  the  Norlh-West  Coast  of  America;  with  Observations 
on  the  Existence  of  a  North-W'est  Passage,  &c.,  maps  and 
plates,  1790,  4to. 

To  the  above  must  be  added,  20.  Dr.  Elisha  Kent  Kane's 
Narrative  of  the  Expedition  in  search  of  Sir  John  Frank- 
lin, N.York,  1854,  Svo,  the  Voyages  of  Beechey,  Parry  and 
Ross,  Back's  Arctic  Expedition,  Sabine's  North  Georgia 
Gazette,  1821, 4to,  and  A  Souvenir  of  the  late  Polar  Search 
by  the  Officers  and  Seamen  of  the  Expedition,  1852,  Svo. 
Nor  must  the  Historical  Accounts  and  numerous  essays  of 
Sir  John  Barrow  upon  this  subject, -be  overlooked  by  the 
reader.  \Yq  are  ]>romised  another  work  from  Dr.  Kane, 
who,  as  mentioned  above,  has  returned  this  day  from  a 
fruitless  search  after  Sir  John  Franklin.  Upon  the  sub- 
ject of  a  North-West  Passage,  we  append  an  interesting 
paper  from  the  New  York  Herald  of  Oct.  12,  1S55. 

"  THE  EFFORTS   MADE   TO  DISCOVER  A   NORTH-WF.ST   PASSAGE. 

"  The  attempt  to  discover  a  north-west  passage  was  made  by  a 
Portuguese  named  Cortereal,  about  A.  D.  louO.  It  was  attempted 
by  the  English  in  1553;  and  tlie  project  was  greatly  encouraged 
by  Queen  Klizabeth  in  15S5.  in  which  year  a  company  was  asso- 
ciated in  London,  and  was  called  the  '  Fellowship  for  the  Discovery 
of  the  \orth-\Vest  Passage.'  The  following  voyages  with  this  de- 
sign were  undertaken,  under  British  and  American  navigators,  in 
the  years  respectively  stated; 

Sir  Hugh  Willoughby's  expedition  to  find  a  north-west  pas- 
sage to  China  sailed  from  the  Thames May  20,  1553 

Sir  Martin  Frobisher's  attempt  to  find  a  north-west  passage 

to  China 1575 

Captain  Davis's  expedition  to  find  a  north-west  passage 1585 

BarBntz's  expedition 1594 

Weymouth  and  Knight's WHZ 

633 


ERA 


FRA 


Hu<l!;on's  voyages;  the  last  UDdertaken 1610 

Sir  Thomas  Buttan's Itil2 

Baffius IfilG 

Foxe's  expedition 1031 

(A  number  of  enterprises,  undertaken  by  various  cuuotries, 
followed.) 

Middleton's  expf(lition.« 1742 

Moore's  ai.d  Smith's 1746 

Feiirnes  hmd  t-xpt-ditiou 17*59 

Captain  rhipps,  afterwards  Lord  Mulf^rave,  his  expedition....  1773 

Captjiin  (  ook,  in  the  Kesolution  and  Discovery July,  1776 

Macki-nzie's  expedition 17-'^9 

Capt^iiu  Dunciin's  voyage 1790 

The  liiscovery.  Captain  Vancouver,  returned  from  a  voyage 
of  survey  and  discovery  on  the  north-west  coast  of  Ame- 
rica  Sept.  24,  1795 

Lieut,  Kotzebue's  expwlitioD Oct.  1^15 

Captain  Buchan's  and  Lieut.  Franklin's  expedition  in  the 

Dorothea  aud  Trent 1818 

Captain  Koss  and  Lieut.  Parry,  in  the  Isabella  and  Alexander  1S18 

Lieuls.  Pairy  and  Liddon,  in  the  llecla  aud  CJriper May  4,  1S19 

They  return  to  Leith Nov.  3,  1820 

Capts,  Parry  and  Lyon,  in  the  Fury  and  Hecla May  8,  1821 

Capt.  Parry's  third  expedition  with  the  Hecla May  S,  1824 

Capts.  Franklin  and  Lyon,  after  having  attempted  a  land  ex- 
pedition, ayain  sail  from  Liverpool Feb.  10,  1825 

Capt.  Parry,  again  in  the  Hecla,  sails  from  Deptfard...March  25,  1827 

And  returns Oct.  6,  1S27 

Captain  Hdss  arrived  at  Hull,  on  his  return  from  his  Arctic 
expedition,  alter  an  absence  of  four  years,  and  when  all 

hope  of  his  return  had  been  nearly  abandoned Oct.  IS.  1833 

Captain  B;ick  and  his  companions  ariived  at  Liverpool  from 
their  piTilous  Ari'tic  land  e.\peditiou.  after  having  visited 
the  Great  iish  IUver,and  examined  its  course  to  the  Polar 

Seas Sept.  8,  1S35 

Captain  Back  sailed  from  Chatham  in  command  of  His  Ma- 
jesty's ship  Terror,  on  an  exploring  adventure  to  Wager 
Kiver.  Captain  Back,  in  the  month  of  December.  1J>35, 
■was  awardt-d,  by  the  Tieographical  Society,  the  King's 
annual  premium  for  his  polar  discoveries  and  enter- 
prise  June  21,  1836 

Dease  and  Simpson  traverse  the  intervening  space  between 
the  discoveries  of  Ross  and  Parry,  aud  establish  that  there 

is  a  north-west  passage Oct.  1839 

Sir  John  Franklin  and  Captain  Crozier,  in  the  Erebus  and 

Terror,  leave  England May  2-t,  1845 

Captnin  Knss  returned  from  an  unsuccessful  espediticn  in 

star.h  ot  Franklin 1849 

Another  Rxpedition  (one  sent  out  by  Lady  Franklin)  in  search 
of  Sir  Ji.hu  Franklin,  consisting  of  two  vessels,  sailed  from 

England April-:\Iay,  1850 

Another,  under  Capt.  McClure,  who  succeeded  in  effecting  a 
transit  over  ice  from  ocean  to  ocean;  and  another  under 

Sir  Edward  Belcher 1851 

Another,  consisting  of  two  vessels,  the  Advance  and  Rescue, 
liberally  puichased  for  the  purpose  by  lleury  Grinnell.  a 
New  York  merchant,  and  manned  at  govei-nment  cost  fi-nm 
the  United  States  navy,  under  command  of  Lieut.  De  Ha- 
ven, sailed  from  New  York ^lay.  1850 

The  expedition  of  Dr.  Kane,  in  the  Advance May  31,  1853 

The  last  expedition,  consisting  of  the  Release  and  Arctic, 

under  Lieut.  Uartsteue- June,  1S55 

And  returns Oct.  11.  1856 

"  There  may  be  some  omissions  in  the  above,  but  it  will  be  found 
generally  correct." 

Franlilin,  Richard.  Discourse  of  Antichrist  and 
the  Apooalypse.  Lon..  1075.  fol. 

Franklin,  Robert.     Serin..  Lon.,  16S3,  4to. 
Franklin,  Thomas.     Defence  of  Lecturers.  1721. 
Franklin,  Thomas,  D.D.,  Hector  of  Brasted,  Kent. 
Berins  .  1748-74. 

F'ranklin,  Thomas,  Rector  of  Langton  Herring. 
Serni.,  17iJB,  Svo. 

Fraukliu,  Thomas,  Vicar  of  Ware.  Serms.,  1703- 
68,  4  to. 

Franklin,  William.  Pee  FnANCKLiN. 
Franklin,  William  Temple,  d.  at  Paris,  1823,  son 
of  Williiiiu  Franklin,  the  last  r<iyal  Governor  of  New  Jer- 
sey, and  ^^randsun  of  Dr.  Benjamin  Franklin,  has  already 
been  mentioned  as  editor  of  his  grandfather's  works.  See 
Fbankli.n,  Bkn.iamin,  LL.D. 

Franklyn,  Francis,     Perm..  1724.  Svo. 
Franks,  James,  of  Halifax.     1.  Serm.,  1V90,  Svo. 
2.  Tlie  Pious  Mother.  1794,  12mo.     3.  Memoirs  of  Pre- 
tendcil  Prophets,  1795,  S\'o. 

'*\Vell  adapted  to  curb  prophetical  extravaj^ance." — Low7ides^s 
£rit.  Lit. 

4.  Sacred  Literature ;  or,  Remarks  upon  the  Book  of  Gene- 
sis, 1802,  Svo.   Consi!>tsprincipally  of  extracts.     The  author 
"  Has  contented  himself  with  forming;  the  arrangement,  which 
Is  clear  and  pood,  and  in  sterliui;  short  passay;es  to  seive  for  con- 
nexinn  and  eluridalicm."— flriV.  Ciitic,  O. .%.  xxi.  fiSO,  681. 

Franks,  James  Clarke.  1,  2.  Hulsean  Lectures: 
for  1821,  on  the  Evidences  of  Chris'y,  Camb.,  1S21,  Svo; 
for  1823,  on  the  Apostolical  Preaching,  Ac,  1S2.%  Svo. 

"Many  orij^inal  remarks. — Btclerslelh's  C.  S. 

3.  Christian  Psalmody,  lS;i4,  24mo. 

Franks,  John.     1.  Animal  Life  and  Apparent  Death, 
Ion.,  1790,  Svo.     2.  Typhus  Contagion,  1799,  Svo. 
634 


Frankz,  Thomas.  1.  Tour  through  France,  Ac, 
Lon..  17-^5,  Svo.  2.  Eclipses,  1736,  8vo.  3.  t>ilesia,  1741,  Svo. 

Fraser,  Alexander,  Lord  Saltoun.  1.  Arrangements 
CB  C'ivil  Polity;  rel.  to  Husbandry,  Mines,  Fi^heries,  and 
Manufactures  in  this  Kingdom,  Lon. ,1786, Svo.  2.  Thoughts 
on  disqualihcations  rel.  to  elections,  1788,  Svo. 

Fraser,  Alexander*  1.  Speech  of  H.  Brougham, 
1808,  Svo.  2.  Account  of  the  Festival  of  the  Free-Masons, 
given  by  the  Fail  of  Moira.  the  Grand  Master,  previous  to 
his  departure  for  India,  1S13,  Svo. 

Fraser,  Alexander,  minister  of  Kirkhill.  1.  Key 
to  Prophecies  not  yet  accomplished,  Edin.,  1795,  Svo. 

"Tbisisa  work  of  some  merit.  It  contains  rules  fur  the  arrange- 
ment of  the  unfultilled  prophecies — observations  on  their  dates — 
and  a  general  view  of  the  events  foretold  in  them." — Oniie's  Bibl. 
Bib. 

2.  Comment,  on  Isaiah,  1800,  Svo. 

"Much  li^ht  is  thrown  on  passages  by  the  principle  here  adopted." 

— BlCKKBSTETH. 

"  It  discovers  much  sound  sense  and  scriptural  knowledge,  and 
a  talent  for  criticul  exposition,  whii  h  it  is  to  be  regretted  the  au- 
thor did  not  exercise  to  a  greater  extent." — Orme's  BiU.  Bib. 

Fraser,  D.  "Works  of  Ebenezer  Erskine,  with  a  Me- 
moir, Lon.,  lS2fi,  2  V(il.-i.  Svo.  The  Life  and  Diary  of  Ers- 
kine was  pub.  separately  in  1S31,  I2mo. 

Fraser,  Henry,  M.D.  1.  Vaccine  Inoculation,  Lon., 
1S05,  Svo.  2.  Epilepsy  and  the  use  of  Viscus  Querciuus, 
ISilfi,  Svo. 

Fraser,  Rev.  James.  Loch  Ness;  Phil.  Trans.,  1699. 

Fraser,  James,  of  Brea,  b.  1639,  minister  of  Culcross, 
Scotland.  1.  Saving  Faith,  Edin.,  1722,  12mo.  2.  Cor- 
rupt Ministers,  1744,  3.  Memoirs  of  himself.  Select 
Biog.,  ii.  S9. 

Fraser,  James.  1.  Hist,  of  Nadir  Shah,  Lon.,  1742, 
Svo.  This  is  an  interesting  work,  but  we  have  a  better 
biography,  pub.  by  Sir  Wm.  Jones.  2.  Cat.  of  MSS.  in  the 
Persic,    Arabic,  and  Sanscrit  Languages,  Lon.,  1742,  Svo. 

Fraser,  James,  1700-1769,  a  minister  of  the  Church 
of  Scotland.  The  Scripture  Doctrine  of  Sanclitication, 
Edin.,  1774,  12mo.  Several  eds.,  Edin.,  1813,  12mo. 
Abridged,  Lon.,  1849,  ISmo. 

"'Ibis  valnaljle  worU  was  edited  by  Dr.  Erskine  of  Edinburgh, 
who  prefi.xed  to  it  a  short  at-t-ount  of  the  author  and  his  father. 
It  is  one  of  the  ablest  expositions  of  this  difficult  portion  of  Scrip- 
ture we  possess;  and  exposes,  with  great  ability,  the  mistakes  of 
Grotius.  Hammond.  Locke,  Whitby.  Taylor.  Alexander,  and  others. 
The  doctrinal  viewsof  the  author  will  not  be  relished  by  those  who 
are  violently  opposed  to  Calvinism  ;  but  the  critical  interpretation 
on  which  they  are  founded  it  will  be  difScult  to  overlhiow.'" — 
Onus's  Bibl.  Bib. 

'•  An  able  defence  of  the  doctrines  of  the  Gospel." — Bicherskth's 

a  s. 

Fraser,  James,  D.D.  Lectures  on  the  Pastoral  Cha- 
racter, newly  edited  by  J.  F.,  Lon.,  1811,  Svo. 

Fraser,  James.  Pilgrinmge  to  Craigmullar  Castle; 
with  oilier  Poems,  Edin.,  1817,  12mo. 

Fraser,  James.  1.  Guide  through  Ireland,  4th  ed., 
Lon.,  1S54,  p.  Svo. 

*•  As  a  work  of  typography,  it  possesses  a  high  degree  of  excel- 
lence; aud  its  statistics  will  be  found  available  and  most  useful  to 
the  traveller." — Dublin  E.  Mail. 

2.  Guide  to  the  County  of  Wicklow,  Dubl..  1842,  12mo. 
"We  cannot  speak  too  hii^hly  of  this  excellent  little  work;  it  is 

decidedly  the  best  guide-  tn  the  picluresijue  beauties  of  the  county 
of  WicUiow  we  have  i-ver  met  with." — Duhlin  Monitor. 

3.  Belfast  and  its  Environs,  Lon..  12mo.  4.  Handbook 
to  the  Lakes  of  Kilhirncy.  Dub.,  1850,  12mo. 

Fraser,  James  Bailie,  after  travelling  for  many 
years,  and  delighting  the  worhl  witii  his  narrations  of  what 
"be  saw  and  was,"  returned  to  Scotland  to  settle  on  his 
patrimonial  estate  of  Rcetig,  Inverness-shire,  "a  quiet 
highl.and  glen."  1.  Journal  of  a  Tour  through  part  of  tho 
Snowy  Range  of  the  Hininia  Mountains.  Ac,  1820,  4to,  r. 
4to,  and  imp.  4to.  Imp.  4to,  with  fol.  vol.  of  20  coloured 
views  in  the  Himala  Mountains,  pub.  at  £21. 

"Notwithstanding  Mr.  Frasers  ignorance  of  natural  history,  in 
a  country  quite  now.  and  full  of  most  interesting  olyects  in  this 
science,  and  that  he  had  no  means  of  measuring  heights  or  ascer- 
taining the  temperature  or  pressure  of  the  air;  and  notwithstand- 
ing a  want  of  method,  aud  a  lieaviness  and  prolixity  in  the  style, 
this  book  possesses  great  interest,  for  the  scenes  of  nature  aud 
pictures  of  mauueis  which  it  exhibits." — Sltvc}ison':i  Vot/offes  aTid 
Tmv>  Is. 

2.  Journey  into  Khorasan,  1821-22,  1825,  4to. 

''Mr.  Fraser,  by  his  intelli,L:once  and  enterprise,  has  made  valu- 
able additions  to  our  knowledge  of  Persia,  and  gained  a  right  to 
rank  as  the  very  tirst  to  whom  we  owe  a  distinct  view  of  any  cou- 
sideralile  part  of  Persian  Chorasin," — jEi^m.  Jiev.,  Ko.  85;  and  see 
Lon.  Month.  Kev. 

3.  Travels  and  Adventures  in  the  Persian  Provinces  on 
the  Southern  Banks  of  the  Caspian  Sea,  1826,  4to.  4.  The 
Kuzzilbash;  a  Tale  of  Khorasan,  1828,  3  vols.  p.  Svo.  Tho 
Turkish  word  Kuzzilbash  signifies  red-head,  but  the  author 
complains  that  some  of  the   English  public  mistook  his 


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romantic  Inle  for  a  cookeo'-bnuk.  He  tberefure  wisely 
pub.  the  continuation  under  the  title  of — 5.  The  Persian 
Adventurer,  t^  vuU.  p.  8vo. 

"Itiis  work  is  replefe  wiih  spirit,  interest,  and  l'>cal  information. 
It  is  cine  of  the  most  aniinaled  and  entertaining  of  our  recent 
An;j;li>  h-ieMt;il  romances." — Lon.  (hurt  JouriKil. 

6.  The  Khan's  Tale,  1833,  12ino:  ISoO,  12mo.  7.  Nar- 
rative of  the  Resilience  of  the  Persian  Princes  in  London, 
1835-36,  1S38,  2  vols.  er.  Svo. 

"  Fioui  thf  sulijfft.  and  from  theautbcr.  we  certainly  anticipated 
an  entt-rtainiiij;  puMieaiiun;  but  we  had  no  idea  thateven  the  lat- 
ter wi'h  all  his  Uiienlal  acquirements  and  acknowledged  talents, 
could  have  nmde  thi*  former  so  very  curious,  as  well  as  entertain- 
ing."— Lmi.  Lit.  G'az. 

8.  A  Winter  Journey  (Tatar)  from  Constantinople  to 
Tehran,  with  Travels  through  various  Parts  of  Persia, 
1838,  2  vols.  8vo. 

"Indeed,  these  volumes  can  hardly  be  .surpassed  in  lively  de- 
lineations, rapid  but  graphic  sketches,  and  the  excitement  of  tra- 
Telling  over  strange  gmund.  with  a  L'uide  eijually  reuiaikaMe  foi- 
the  extent  of  his  good-humour  and  the  depth  of  his  inlormatiou." 
■ — 2jon.  Athfnirnm. 

9.  Travels  in  Koordistan  and  Mesuputamia,  1S40,  2  vols. 
Svo. 

"One  of  the  most  valuable  bnoksnf  travels  which  has  emanated 
from  the  press  for  a  consideralile  tiuie.  All  the  regions  \  isited  aie 
curious  and  characteristic  in  their  natural  features  and  the  man- 
ners of  the  people.  We  recommend  the  work  to  the  reader  as  one 
of  the  best  accounts  of  the  countries  of  which  it  treats.'' — Lrm. 
i<pectiit<>r. 

10.  The  Highland  Smugglers.  11.  Allee  Neemroo,  1S42, 
3  vols.  r.  l2mo.  12.  Dark  Falcon;  or,  the  Tale  of  the  At- 
truek.  1S44,  4  vols.  p.  Svo.  13.  Hist,  of  Persia,  Auc.  aud 
Mod..  (Edin.  Cab.  Lib.,  No.  lo.)  1847,  ]2ino. 

'■  This  volume  of  the  >-.diD>iur2h  Caliinet  Library  "ill  in  no  way 
be  fuuud  inferior  to  its  predecessors;  the  author  has  had  the  ad- 
vantage of  having  visited  a  great  proportion  of  the  tract  which  he 
describes,  and  of  thus  being  enabled  to  separate  the  truth  from 
error  or  falsehood  in  preceding  accounts." — A.-iaiic  Jnitrnal, 

14.  Mesopotamia  and'As^yria,  (Ediu.  Cab.  Lib.,  No.  32,) 
1847,  12mo. 

Fraser,  John.     Thoolng.  treatises,  Paris,  1G04,  '05. 

Fraser,  John.     Second  Sight.  Edin.,  1707,  I2ino. 

Fraser,  John.     American  Gra-^r^s,  <tc.,  Lon.,  1789.  ful. 

Fraser,  John,  1745-lS  19,  minister  at  Auchtermuchty, 
1768.     Serrns.  and  Eirsays.  Edin.,  1820,  12ino. 

Fraser,  Patrick.  On  Law  as  to  relations,  Scotland, 
Edin..  lS4(i.  2  xuU.  8vo. 

Fraser,  R.  Scientific  Wanderings,  Lon.,  1843,  fp.  8vo. 

"No  reader,  be  he  old  or  young,  will  rise  from  the  peru.sal  of 
this  handsome  little  volume  without  deiiving  from  it  both  grati- 
fication and  instiuction.'' — EMii.  Advtiliser. 

Fraser,  Robert.  1.  Agrieult.  of  Devon,  Lon.,  1793, 
4to.  2.  Agricult.  and  Mineral,  of  Wicklow,  Dubl.,  1801, 
8vo. 

"  It  is  very  sensibly  written,  and  prospectively  moderate." — 
Donaldson's  AgHcult.  Bing, 

3.  Gleanings  in  Ireland  rel.  to  Agricult.  Mines  and  Fishe- 
ries. Lon.,  1802.  Hvu.  4.  Letter  on  Fisheries,  lb03.  Svo. 
5.  Review  of  the  Domestic  Fisheries  uf  G.  Brit,  and  Ire- 
land. Edin.,  1818,  4to.  At  the  conclusion  of  his  list  of 
works  on  Fisheries,  Mr.  McCulloch  remarks: 

"SirT.  C.  Morgan  has  added  an  Hisfui  i.-.-i!  Hket.b  of  the  British 
aud  Irish  Fisheries  to  the  First  Report  r-f  th-'  ('nnimi-sinni-rs  of  In- 
quiry into  the  State  of  the  Irish  Fisln-ries.  folin.  iHiliiiii,  1S30.  Sir 
John  Barrow  has  contributed  a  valuable  article  on  the  Fisheries  to 
the  last  edition  nf  the  Encyclop;edia  Uiitannica.  And  there  is  an 
article  on  the  Herring  Fishery  in  the  Commercial  Lictimiary,  &c 
But  a  good  work  on  the  history,  state,  and  prospects  of  the  Litter 
continues  to  he  a  desideratum." — Lib.  nf  Poh't.  Econ.,  lS4.'i.  'Z'io. 

Fraser,  Robert  W.  1.  Moriah  ;  or,  Sacred  Kites  of 
Ancient  Israel,  Lon.,  1849,  12mo:   1851,  12ino. 

"The  author  has  a  graphic  pen,  a  sober  judgment,  and  a  Chris- 
tian heart-  These  qualifications  make  his  volume  a  very  pleasant 
one  for  readers  who  want  varied  pictures;  an  instructive  one  for 
persons  who  have  only  the  common  knowledge  of  its  subjects; 
and  an  edifying  one  for  devout  hearts." — Lon.  Eilectic  Hevicw, 

"  Full  of  well-digested  information,  and  equally  fitted  to  enlighten 
and  to  edify." — British  Bantir.r. 

2.  Leaves  from  the  Tree  of  Life,  1S51,  16mo.  3.  Ele- 
ments of  Physical  Science,  1854,  12mo.  4.  Turkey,  An- 
cient and  Modern,  1854,  p.  Svo. 

Fraser,  Simon,  Lord  Lovat,  lfit}7-1747,  a  native  of 
Beaufort,  near  Inverness,  a  warm  adherent  of  Charles  Ed- 
ward, the  Pretender,  and  the  hero  of  many  remarkable 
adventures,  wa.s  executed  for  high  treason,  April  9,  1747, 
at  the  advanced  age  of  eighty  years.  See  Memoirs  of  his 
Life,  Lon.,  1746,  Svo.  His  Trial,  1747,  fol.  Memoirs  of 
his  Life,  written  by  himself  in  French,  and  now  first  trans, 
from  the  original  MS.,  1797,  Svo.  Life,  in  Chambers's  Lives 
of  Illust.  and  Dist.  Scotsmen,  1833,  ii.  378. 

Fraser,  Simon.  1.  Reports  rcl.  to  Elections  H.  Com., 
Lon.,  1791-93,  2  vols.  Svo.  2.  Burns's  Eceles.  Law,  6th 
ed.,   1797,  4  vols.  Svo.      3.   Case   of  R.  Sherson,   1815. 


4.  Trial  of  J.  AVatson  and  four  others  for  High  Treason, 
1817,  Svo. 

Fraser,  Mrs.  Susan.  Comillo  de  Flurian,  and  other 
Poems.  ISOll.  Svo. 

Fraser,  Thorn  as.  1.  Inoi-nlalion  in  .^nlignn.  175.'»,  Tifi, 
Lon..  1778.  Svo.    2.  Oiium  Rieini :  Mod.obs.  and  In-i..  KfVJ. 

Fraser,  \V.  TrnveLs  in  isiltl  tVum  Italy  to  England, 
Ac,  IVom  the  Italian  of  the  Marquis  du  Salvo,  Lou.,  1807, 
12mo. 

Fraser,  W.  \V,,  Snrgeon-Mnjnr.  An  Essay  on  the 
Sb(iuider  .li.int  OperatifMi.  1813,  Svo. 

Fraunce,  Abraham,  an  English  poet  (c»'^j.  Eliza- 
beth, was  educated  at  8t.  Jolin's  Coll.,  Camb..  at  the  ex- 
pense of  Sir  Philip  Sidney;  he  afterwards  went  to  Gray's 
Inn,  and  was  subsequently  failed  to  the  B:ir  ot  llie  Court 
of  the  Marches  in  Wales.  1.  Tiie  Lamenkitious  of  Amyn- 
tus  tor  tiie  death  of  Phyllis  ;  in  Engli.>h  Hexameters,  l.^S7, 
^"6^,  4to.  2.  Lawier's  Logike;  cKempUfying  the  Precepts 
of  Logike  by  the  Practice  of  the  Common  Lawe,  158S.  4to. 
After  the  dedication  in  rhyme  to  Henry,  Earle  of  Pem- 
broke, occurs  an  a'ldress  '*  To  the  learned  Lawyers  ot  Eng- 
land, especially  the  Gentlemen  uf  Gray's  Inne."  The  book 
generally  is  in  prot^e.  The  poetical  part  consists  of  Vir- 
gil's Eclogue  of  Alexis,  trans,  into  hexameters,  aud  exem- 
plifications to  illustrate  the  rules  of  logic.  3.  lusignium 
Armorum  Emljlematum,  Slc,  I  jSS,  4to.  4r,  5.  The  Coun- 
tesse  of  Pembroke's  Yuychiirch  (pp.  94)  and  Emauuei, 
(])p.  3S,)  1591,  4io.  All  in  English  hexameters.  Tlie  two 
are  priced  in  Bibl.  Anglo-Poet.,  i;45 ;  resold  by  Saunders 
iu  ISIS,  £13  2tf.  (i(/.  6.  The  third  part  of  the  Yuychurch, 
entitled  Aminta's  Dale,  pp.  122,  15*J2,  4to.  In  English 
hexameters.  Bibl.  Auglu-Poet.,  £40.  7.  Heliodorus's 
Ethiopics,  {the  beginning,)  la'Jl,  Svo. 

8.  Arcadian  Rhelorike;  or,  the  Precepts  of  Rhetorieke 
made  plaiue,  by  examples  Greeke,  Latyne,  En<;lishe, 
Italyan,  Frenche,  and  Spauishe,  1588,  Svo.  This  is  a 
mixture  of  prose  and  verse. 

'- An  aftected  and  unineanini;  title.  .  .  .  Valuable  for  its  English 
exampl.'s," — WarUnCs  Hint,  nf  Eng.  Jbet. 

Fraunce  is  commended  by  George  Peele  as 

"A  peerless  sweet  translator  of  our  time." — rb-m  nf  Vie  Order 
nf  till'  Garlnr.  sine  anno,  sed  circa  \b9'i,  4to. 

"Fraunce  shines  particuhirly  as  an  EnLdish  hexametrist.  His 
Count*?ss  of  Pembroke  s  Yvychurch  and  his  translation  of  part  of 
Ileliodoius.  are  written  in  melodious  dactj  Is  aud  spondees,  to  the 
no  small  admiration  of  Sidney,  llar\ey.  Ac." 

Harvey's  Commendation— in  his  Foure  Letters  and  cer- 
taine  Sonnets — classes  him  in  good  conijiany: 

'-1  cordially  recommend  to  the  dear  loners  of  the  Muses,  and 
namely  to  the  ptnftpsed  sonnes  of  the  same,  Edmnnd  trpencer, 
Kichard  Staniburst,  Abraham  Fraunce.  Thomas  W.ilson.  Samuell 
Daniel.  Thomas  Nashe,  and  the  rest,  whom  1  affectionately  thancke 
for  their  s'udious  eudeunur.';  ci>muiendably  employed  in  enriching 
and  ()n|i>hinL:  thvir  natiue  tonu'ue,  ,^c." — Lett,  iii,.  p  2y.  \bs2.  4to, 

Galtriel  Harvey  is  so  far  from  being  ashamed  of  his 
English  hexameters,  which  have  been  violently  attacked, 
that  he  exclaims,  in  the  same  publication  from  which  we 
have  just  quoted, 

"  If  I  never  deserve  any  better  remembrance,  let  me  be  epitaphed 
the  Jnr'-7)lotir  nf  the  English  hexamftt-r!  whome  learned  .^ir.Stani- 
hurst  imitated  in  his  Virgill,  and  exct-llent  Sir.  P.  Sidney  di.--daiued 
nut  to  f.lluw  in  bis  Arcadia,  and  elsewhere." 

Mr.  Park,  in  quoting  the  above,  adds: 

"  Ascbam  in  1oij4  had  well  observed  that  '^  cm-mtm  h^ramdrum 
doth  rather  trotte  aud  hoble  than  runne  smoothly  in  our  Knu'lish 
tong.' — Scliolannster.  p.  60.  Yet  Stanihurst  strangely  protVss.-s  in 
his  dedii-atirin  to  take  upon  hira  -to  execute  some  part  of  .Maister 
Asthams  will,  who  had  recommended  cormen  vnuhicum  while  he 
dispraised  cannni  hxanutrum.'"    See  Marten's  Hist,  of  Kng.  Poet. 

Some  of  our  modern  poets  have  revived  English  hexame- 
ter—  we  beg  pardon,  not  revived,  but  exhumed;  as  a 
mummy  is  exhumed; — all  that  makes  lile.  wauling,  and 
even  the  form  shrunken  and  uncomely.  Where  Soufhcy 
and  Longfellow  have  failed,  the  fault  must  be  in  the  ma- 
terial, not  the  artist.  Mr.  Longfellow  himself  gives  :i  hjippy 
illustration  of  the  subject,  when  he  says  that  "the  mo- 
tions of  the  English  Mu?e  [iu  the  hexameter]  are  not 
unlike  those  of  a  prisoner  dancing  to  the  music  of  his 
chains." 

We  give  an  opinion  upon  the  subject,  in  which  our 
author  is  introduced,  from  an  ancient  authority  j  the  italics 
are  our  own : 

"  .\br.iham  Fraunce,  a  ver.'^ifier  in  Queen  Elizabeth's  time,  who, 
imitatiuj;  Latin  measure  in  English  ver.se,  wrote  his  Iviechurch 
and  some  other  things,  in  Hexameter;  some  also  in  He.Nameter 
and  Pentameter;  nor  was  he  altogether  singular  in  thi.s  ivay  of 
writing;  for  Sir  Philip  Sidney  in  the  pastoral  interludes  of  his 
Art^adia,  uses  not  only  these,  but  all  other  sorts  of  Latin  measure, 
in  which  no  wondi^r  he  is  followed  b]/  so  few,  since  thf.i/  v>it}»'r  hrcnme 
Ihe  E)i'jlish,  nnr  tniy  other  modern  language^ — Phillipi^s  T/ieatrum 
Pottarnm  Aiighcanorum. 

The  Ciog.  DramaL  also  is  greatly  disgusted  at  Fraunce's 
choice  of  metre  ; 

635 


FRA 

"He  has  written  several  things  in  the  awkwardest  of  all  verse, 
thriuu'li  at  that  time  grt-aliy  in  vo-ue.  Englisli  hexa,n.-ti-r." 

Atiu-li  „i  interest  upon  this  subject  may  be  found  in  the 
Pre  ace  and  Notes  to  Soutliey's  Vision  of  Judgment,  and 
in  tlie  following  papers  upon  English  hexameters: 

I.N  Amer.Rev.,lv.l21,byProf.C.C.Fcdton.  2.  Ditto, 
Ixyi.  21o;  revievv  of  Longfellow's  Evangeline,  by  same 
?n  v'o;  f;i"''?-  ^'^■'  '"'-"'^-  *22.  4.  Elaokw.  Mag.,  Ix. 
'  '.j.oS,  x.^™""'"  *'"S-.  i-x.xvi.  665.  6.  Ditto, 
:£xxix  342  7.  Ditto,  xlii.  62.  8.  Boston  Living  Age, 
XVI.  172.  9.  N.  Bnt.  Rev.,  May,  1863.  The  reader-  mSst 
also  procure  a  volume  pub.  by  Mr.  Murray  of  London,  in 
1847,  Svo,  entitled  English  Hexameters;  from  the  German. 
By  Sir  John  Herschel,  Dr.  Whewell,  Archdeacon  Hare,  Dr 
Hawtrey,  and  J.  G.  Lockhart.  Also,  Goethe's  Herman  and 
Dorothea;  a  Tale  of  the  French  Revolution.  Translated 
into  English  Hexameters  from  the  German  Hexameters  of 
the  Author;  with  an  Introductory  Essay  on  the  Orioin  and 
Nature  of  the  Poem,  1849,  1  vol.  fcp.  8Vo.  " 

"Goethe's  peculiarities  may  sbiue  out  more  conspicuou-ily  in 
some  of  hi.s  other  works,  but  in  noue  else  are  they  so  collected  into 
a  focus." — \V,  VON  Humboldt. 

"  Goethe  is  held,  by  the  unanimous  voice  of  Europe,  to  have  been 

one  of  the  greatest  poets  of  our  own    or  of  any  other  time  " 

■\Vhewell. 

"0';' be,  simple  yet  profound,  united  the  depth  of  philosophical 
thou.'ht  to  the  simplicity  of  childish  atTcction;  and  stiikiu'' with 
almo.st  inspired  felicity  the  chord  of  native  affection,  produced  that 
mingled  flood  of  poetic  medifafionand  Individ  u,al  observation  which 
has  rendered  his  fame  unbounded  in  the  Fatherland-"— Alison. 

Frazer,  Mrs.  The  Practice  of  Cookery,  Pastry 
Pickling,  Preserving,  &c..  Edin.,  1791,  8vo. 

Frazer,  Alex.  Judicial  Proceedings  before  the  High 
Ct.  of  Admiralty,  Ac,  Edin.,  1814,  Svo. 

Frazer,  James.     Answer  to  R.  Stewart,  1787,  4to. 

Frazer,  John,  a  native  of  Ohio.  The  American  Form- 
Book.     New  ed,,  Cln.,  1855. 

Frazer,  S.     Roads  of  Lorraine,  1729,  Svo. 

Frazer.     See  Fraser. 

Freake,  A.  1.  Humulus  Lupulus  for  Gout,  Ac.,  2d  ed 
1816,  Svo.     2.  Addit.  Cases,  ISll,  Svo. 

FreaUe,  Wm.  Secret  Designs  and  Bloody  Projects 
of  the  Society  of  Jesuits,  Lon.,  1630,  4to. 

Frederick,  Charles.     Idalia,  Lon.,  1768,  fol. 

Frederick,  Sir  Charles.  Course  of  the  Ermine 
Street  through  Northamp.,  &e.,  Archfeol,  1770. 

Free,  B.  B.  1.  Exercises  in  the  Inns  of  Ct.  prep,  to 
the  Study  of  Law,  Lon.,  1784,  2  vols.  Svo.  2.  E.xempla 
Erasmiania,  1805, 12mo.  3.  New  Spelling  Dictionary,  1808 

Free,  John,  D.D.,  Vicar  of  East  Croker,  Somerset- 
shire.    Seruis.,  Poems,  Ac,  1739-86. 

Free,  John.  Political  Songster,  Birm.,  1784,  '90, 12mo 

Freebairn,  James.  Life  of  Mary,  Queen  of  Scots : 
from  the  French  of  Bois-Guibbert,  Edin.,  1725   Svo 

Freedley,  Edwin  T.,  of  Philadelphia.  '].  Money 
how  to  Get,  Save,  Spend,  Give,  Lend,  and  Bequeath  it,  Phila 
1852,  12mo;  several  English  eds.  by  different  houses;  5th 
ed.,  lSa3.     Edited  by  John  McGregor,  Esq.,  M  P     1863 
12ino.  '  ' 

"This  book  is  American  in  origin  and  completely  American  in 
character.  No  other  country  could  have  Bent  forth  such  a  work  - 
so  plain-spoken,  so  honest,  so  judicious,  so  reasonable.  .  Mr 
1  reedley  s  is  a  capital  book,  and,  considered  as  a  representation  of 
the  dai  y  dealings  of  the  Americans,  it  raises  them  very  much  °n 
voun'  The  "•,  J^'  ™-'<,™E';t  to  b"  «ad  by  all  tr..de,^."rd  anS 
young.  The  old  may  find  m  it  ennobling  and  deli-htful  remi- 
niscences; the  young  can  only  learn  from  it  how  &  attain^n 
obedience  to  the  strictest  principles  of  morality,  excellence  in  the 
conduct  of  business."— ioK.  Economist.  ''  "'■""'"""' '"  *"« 

"Wo  are  glad  to  learn  the  fact  of  an  entire  edition  being  dis- 
posed of  in  one  day."— Zore.  Times.  »""iou  oeing  uis 

2  Leading  Pursuits  and  Leading  Men,  Phila.,  1856,  Svo. 
d.  Philadelphia  and  its  Manufactures,  185S,  12mo,  pn 
490.     A  book  of  great  value. 

Freeke,  Wm.,  b.  1663,  an  English  Socinian,  wrote  a 
Dialogue  on  the  Deity,  and  A  Confutation  of  the  Doctrines 
of  the  Trinity,  for  which  he  was  fined  £500  and  obli^'ed 
to  recant  m  Westminster  Hall.  His  book  was  publit-ly 
burnt.  '  •' 

Freeland,  W.  H.     Poems,  Lon.,  1848,  p   Svo 
♦l,!!,!'1  t"'"'^',,''   abound   with   evidences   of  graceful    and    tender 
thought,  scholarly  accomplishment,  and  poetic  fancy."- CA    of 
Ji^ng.  Qiiar.  Rpv.  ^  '   -^ 

And  see  Westm.  Rev. ;  Oxf.  Univ.  Herald ;  Bell's  Life  Ac 

lof/^o^™''^,'^''"'"''''^-   ^'  C'^"'''^^''  Restoration,  Lon.,' 

Ib4b,  Svo.     2.  Hist,  of  Architecture,  1849,  Svo. 

♦1,1'  l'  '","''*'>"'  admitted  that  he  has  produced  a  treatise  posses.in.' 

8vt^4:^-uti:-::y'^^:^.:-^^^:'-:i'--' 

6M  '"'"'"''•  "''  ^''i°''''fl'  L'athedral,   1850,   Svo.  '  6. 


FRE 


Poems,  Legendary  and  Historical,  by  E.  A   F  and  «   W 

Cox,  1850,  Svo;  2d  ed.,  1S52,  Svo. 
Freeman,  Francis.  Theolog.  treatises,  1647, '54  4to 
Freeman,  Francis.     Serms.,  Lon.,  i72'> 
Freeman,  G.,  of  the  Inner  Temple  Day;  an  Epistle 

to  C.  Churchill,  Lon.,  1762. 

Freeman,  G.     Sketches  in  -(Vales,  or  a  Diary  of  three 

walking  Excursions  in  that  Principality  in  1823-26,  1826, 

Freeman,  George.  Exhortation  from  the  sin  of 
Drunkenness,  Lon.,  1563,  4to 

nr^n'r"w"'Tp'""'!°''''-  '^'"^  Downfall  of  the  Bailiffs; 
or,  a  Lash  for  Burns,  Lon.,  1675   4to 

or^brn'l'"''  "«'■"';.«  Augusta.  Astra-a's  Return; 
or,  the  Halcyon  Days  of  France,  in  the  year  2440.  From 
the  French  ol  Mercier,  12mo. 

Freeman,  Ireneus.  The  Reasonableness  of  Divine 
Service,  Lon.,  1661,  4to.  -^^'vino 

12mo'^*^™^°'  ■'*  ^'     ■"■  ^"'"' '°  '^"""^  '^''''''■'"'  ^™''  l^^l' 

C!„',',fj"''  l';''.i''''J«»'  interested  in  the  present  state  of  affairs  in 
Southern  Africa  should,  without  delay,  possess  this  book." 

•.?\^-  •^-  ^'  *™-''  ^'  -^"tii's  Narrative  of  Persecutions  at 
Madagascar,  1840,  12mo. 

Freeman,  James,  1759-1835,  of  Boston.  Serms. 
and  Charges,  1832,  12mo.  Severely  criticized  in  Robert 
Southey  s  Letter  to  the  Lord  Bishop  of  Limerick,  March  6, 

Freeman,  John.  The  Comforter,  Lon.,  1591,  1600 
ibmo.  ' 

Freeman,  John.     Serm.,  Ac,  1812,  '13 
^/''''^f  "*•".'  John  D.    Reports  in  Sup.  Ct.  of  Chancery 
State  ot  Mississip.,  Cin.,  1844,  Svo 

Freeman,  Joseph  Elisha.  1.  F.aith  Triumphant: 
or,  the  World  Overcome,  Lon.  ,2.  Heaven  Anticipated 
New  ed.,  lSo3,  ISmo.  3.  Heaven  Unveiled,  18mo.  4.  Hea- 
ven Entered  1837  ISmo.  5.  Israel's  Return,  or  Palestine 
Regained,  1840,  12mo. 

in'lpnJJJl"  ,?».,'""'''  P'™™>'f  ,to/ead  Israel's  Return.  It  accords, 
in  general,  with  my  own  published  sentiments  on  this  subject 

"Has  many  valuable  thoughts.»-&me,  in  CImstian  Student. 

Freeman,  Joshua.  Lett.  totheClergy,Lon.,172''  Svo 

Freeman,  Josiah  Bumstead,  b.  i826,  at  Boston. 
Irans.  and  editor  of  Ricord's  work  on  the  V.  Disease  ;  Con- 
tributor to  the  N  York  Med.  Times,  Virginia  Surg,  and 
Med.  Jour.,  and  other  medical  periodicals 

Freeman,  Kenuet.  Repertorium  Juridicum ;  or, 
an  Index  to  all  the  Cases  in  the  Year  Books,  Entries  Re 
ports  .and  Abridgts.  in  Law  and  Equity ;  also  an  Alpha- 
bet. Table  of  the  Titles  referring  to  the  Cases,  1742,  fol 
f^°"  <**''  ii!  I>  l-'t-  »™t-  also  what  has  since  been  pub! 
by  1.  E.  Tomlms  of  the  Inner  Temple,  1786,  '87   fol 

Freeman,  Lyon.  The  Commonwealth's  Catechism, 
JLon.,  ibijv,  12ino,  ' 

Freeman,  R.  The  merits  of  the  Craftsman  consi- 
dered, Lon.,  17:j4.  Sv.). 

Fre^eman,  IJichard,  Lord-Chancellor  of  Ireland, 
temp.  Queen  Anne.  1.  Reports  K.  B.,  C.  P.,  1670-1704 
Lon.,  1742,  fol.;  2d  ed.,  by  Edward  Smirke,  1826,  Svo' 
2.  Cases  in  Ch.  and  Ex.,  1660-1706,  1742,  fol.;  2d  ed  by 
J.  E.  Hoveuden,  1823,  Svo.  Freeman's  cases  were  'for- 
merly neglected;  they  .are  now  more  esteemed. 
ulS^l°^  "'"  ""*"  '"  '''■e>'man  are  very  well  reported."-LOED 

"  Freem.an's  notes  are  generally  good."-LOED  LooOHBOROOon. 

See  ■(Vall.acc's  Reporters,  60;  Marvin's  Leg.  Bibl.  323 

Freeman,  S.     Medical  Works,  I776-S9 

Freeman,  S.,  M.D.  Address  rel.  to  the  Universal 
Medicine  of  the  Ancient  Magi,  Lon.,  1781    Svo 

Freeman,  S.     Brit.  Plaints,  No.  I,  1797,  fu'l 

Freeman,  Samuel,  D.D.,  Dean  of  Peterborough, 
berms.  and  Discourses,  1643-1700. 

Freeman,  Samuel,  1743-1831,  of  Portland.  Maine; 
Judge  ot  Probate.  1.  Town  OfiScer.  New  ed.,  Bosf.,  1808, 
l.mo.  2.  The  Massachusetts  Justice;  2d  ed.,  ISO-"  Svo 
3  Probate  Directory,  1803,  12mo.  4.  Amer.  Clerk's  Mag.,' 
6th  ed.,  ISOo.  "  ' 

Freeman,  Stephen.     Serm.,  1790,  Svo. 

o  E,'''";,™'"''  ^''''<'-    '•  A'''  of  Horsemanship,  1806,  4to. 
2.  The  Horse's  Foot,  1796,  4to.     New  ed     4to 

Freeman,  Theop.     To  the  Quakers,  1803. 

I-reeman,  Thomas,  a  native  of  Gloucestershire, 
entered  Magdalen  Coll.,  Oxf.,  1607,  aged  about  16.  Rub 
and  a  Great  Cast ;  and  Ruune  and  a  Great  Cast.  The 
Second  Bowl.     In  200  Epigrams. 

"."."  ,"'"\'idd  in  esteem  by  Sam.  Daniel,  Owen,  the  Kpisji-am- 
niafisl,  Ui .  John  Donn,  Shakspeare,  George  Chapman,  Tho.'  Uoy- 


FRE 


FRE 


wood,  the  playmaker,  and  others.  To  some  of  whose  jud^rments 
be  submitted  his  two  books  of  epia:rams." — Atlun.  Oxnn. 

'•  Freemau's  ICpigrams  are  so  extremely  rare,  that  except  a  copy 
in  the  late  Mr.  Brand's  collection,  [sold  for  £4  12s.,]  and  that  in 
the  Bodleian.  I  know  not  where  to  i-efer  for  one.     On  this  account 

1  have  ventured  to  give  the  tollowing  extr.acts." — Db.  Bliss  :  in 
his  ed.  of  AVten.  Ox^m,  q.  v. 

Freeman,  W.     Agst.  Calvinism,  1765,  8vo. 

Freeman,  W.  Faucy,  or  the  ElTusions  of  the  Heart; 
Poems,  1812,  Svo. 

Freeman,  \Vm.     Agst.  Col.  Codrington,  1702,  4to. 

Freeman,  Wni.     Serm.,  1730,  4to. 

Freeman.  Uin.  Of  a  Woman  who  had  a  Stone  under 
her  Tongue;   Phil.  Trans.,  1794. 

Freemantle,  W.  R.  1.  .Serm.,  Godalming,  18.38, 
12mo.  2.  Address  to  the  Bishop  of  Lincoln,  on  the  State 
of  the  Eastern  Churches. 

Freer,Adam,M.D.  Ring  Worm;  in  Ann. of  Med., 1800. 

Freer,  George,  surgeon.  Aneurism,  Birm.,  1807,  4to. 

Freese,  J.  H.    Commer.  Class-Book,  Lon.,  1849,  Svo. 

".\n  admirablecommen-ial  instruction-book. ""—G/KSf/oie  Citizen. 

Freeston,  J.  H.     Soeinianism,  Cov.,  1812,'8vo. 

Freher,  Philip.     Peace  of  the  Church,  1646,  4to. 

Freind,  John,  M.D.,  1675-1728,  a  native  of  Croton, 
Nortbamplonshire,  educiited  at  Christ  Church,  O.xford, 
was  a  distinguished  classical  scholar,  and  concerned  in  the 
publication  of  several  Greek  and  Latin  authors.  His  prin- 
cip.il  professional  work  is  The  History  of  Physic,  from  the 
time  of  Galen  to  the  beginning  of  the  lOth  century,  Lon. 
Pts,  1  and  2,   1725,  '26,  8vo;    1727,  2  vols.  8vo;  1758, 

2  vols.  Svo.  In  Latin,  by  .J.  Wigan,  1734,  Svo.  In 
French,  by  Pomet,  Leyd.,  1727,  Svo.  It  was  censured  by 
8ir  Clifton  Wintringham  in  an  anonymous  tract.  Observa- 
tions on  Dr.  Freind's  Hist,  of  Physic,  1726  ;  and  by  John 
Le  Clerc  in  the  Eibliothcque  Ancienne  et  Moderne.  Its 
character,  however,  stands  very  high.  A  Defence  of  Dr. 
Freind's  Hist,  of  Physic  was  pub.  1727,  '28,  Svo.  A  col- 
lective ed.  of  his  Latin  Works — Opera  Omnia  Medica — 
was  pub.  by  Dr.  Wigan  in  1733,  fol. ;  Paris,  1735,  4to; 
Leyd.,  1 734,  and  in  1750, 3  vols.  Svo.  Wigan  included  in  his 
edit,  of  Freind's  Works  his  trans,  into  Latin  of  Freind's 
Hist,  of  Physic.  Freind  had  a  controversy  with  Dr.  Wood- 
ward in  consequence  of  his  (Freind's)  pub.  of  Hippocrates 
de  Morbis  Popularibus,  and  on  the  subject  of  the  fever  in 
the  small-pox.  We  have  already  referred  to  Freind  in 
our  articles  on  Alsop,  Anthony  ;  Bextley,  Richahd  ; 
Boyle,  Chaei.es. 

"Ilis  writings  were  admired,  and  the  notions  he  advanced  ap- 
plauded, by  the  greatest  men  in  the  profession  throughout  Europe, 
such  as  Hoffman,  in  Germany  ;  Helvotius  and  Ilecquet  in  France; 
and  Boerhaave  in  Holland :  which  abundantly  demonstrates  his 
abilities  in  his  profession."— Bwjrrnp/ii/  in  Biog.  Brit.,  q.  v. 

"  As  to  Freind,  I  have  known  him  long,  and  cannot  be  without 
some  partiality  for  him,  since  he  was  of  Christ  Church.  He  has 
excellent  parts,  is  a  thorough  scholar,  and  I  am  told  is  very  able 
in  his  profession."— Lord  Bolingbroke  :  Letters  hi/  Parke, 

Freind,  Robert,  D.D.,  1667-1751,  of  Westminster, 
brother  of  the  preceding,  was  also  engaged  in  the  famous 
w.ar  about  the  Epistles  of  Phalaris.  See  Bentley,  Richakd. 
He  wrote  some  Latin  and  English  poetry,  for  which  see 
Nichols's  Collection.  He  also  pub.  a  serm.  preached  be- 
fore the  House  of  Commons,  1711,  Svo,  and  Cicero's  Orator, 
1724.     Freind  was  a  celebrated  writer  of  Latin  epitaphs. 

See  Memoirs  of  Freind  in  Nichols's  Liter.ary  Anecdotes. 

Freind,  Wm,,  D.D.,  Preb.  of  Westminster  and  Dean 
of  Canterbury,  son  of  the  preceding.  Serm.,  Lon.,  1755, 
4to.     Concio  ad  Clerura,  1761,  4to. 

Freize,  James.     Levellers  Vindic,  1649,  4to. 

Freke,  Freak,  or  Freake,  Edmund,  Bishop  of 
Rochester.  St.  Augustine's  Introduc.  to  the  Loue  of  God, 
Lon.,  1574,  '81,  Svo.     See  Fletcher,  Robert. 

Freke,  John.  1.  Electricity,  Lon.,  1746,  Svo.  2.  Fire, 
17JS,  Svo.  3.  Earthquakes,  175"6,  Svo.  Med.  con.  to  Phil, 
Trans.,  1740. 

Freke,  Thomas,     Serms.,  1704-16. 

Freke,  Wm.     Select  Essays,  Lon.,  1693,  Svo. 

Freligh,  Martin,  M.D.  Homreopatbic  Practice  of 
Medicine,  N.  York,  12mo. 

Fremont,  John  Charles,  the  "Pathfinder  of  the 
Rocky  Mountains,"  b.  in  Savannah,  6a.,  1813,  has  greatly 
distinguished  himself  by  his  bravery,  energy,  and  perse- 
verance in  extensive  explorations  which  '■  have  opened  to 
America  the  gates  of  her  Pacific  empire."  Ho  was  a  can- 
didate for  the  Presidency  of  the  United  States  in  1856;  and, 
though  not  elected,  he  received  a  large  vote,  (1,341,812.) 
An  interesting  biographical  notice  of  Col.  Fremont  will  be 
found  in  the  Men  of  the  Time,  N.Y.,  1852,  and  one  in  the 
Gallery  of  lUust.  Americans,  N.Y.,  fol.  Also  see  Life  by 
J.  Bigelow,  ed.  N.Y'.  Evening  Post,  N.Y.,  1856,  12mo. 
Life   and   Explorations,    by  C.  W.  Upham,  Bust.,   1856, 


12mo.  Upwards  of  50,000  copies  of  this  work  were  sold  as 
soon  as  issued.  Narrative  of  the  Exploring  Expedition  to 
the  Rocky  Mountains  in  1842,  and  to  Oregon  and  North 
California  in  1843-44;  reprinted  from  the  Oflicial  Report 
ordered  to  be  pub.  by  the  U.  States  .Senate,  N.Y.,  1846, 
Svo,  Exploring  Expedition  through  the  Rocky  Moun- 
tains, Oregon,  and  California,  Buffalo  and  N.Y.,  12mo. 
See  Emory,  W,  H,  Fremont's  and  Emory's  Accounts 
were  pub.  in  London,  1849,  fp.  Svo.  Will  be  pub.,  Pbila., 
1859,  2  vols.  Svo,  Col.  J.  C.  Fremont's  Explorations; 
prepared  by  the  Author,  and  embracing  all  his  Expedi- 
tions, superbly  illustrated  with  steel  plates  and  woodcuts, 
engraved  under  the  immediate  superintendence  of  Col. 
Fremont,  mostly  from  daguerreotypes  takeu  on  the  spot, 
containing  a  new  steel  portrait  of  the  author. 

"The  illustrations  had  the  special  attention  of  Hamilton,  Darley, 
Schuessele,  Dallas,  Kern,  and  "VVallin,  comprising  masteriiieces  of 
each  of  these  distinguished  artists,  and  were  engraved  in  the 
highest  style  of  the  art,  under  the  supervision  of  J.  M.  Butler. 

*'  This  work  was  prepared  with  great  care  by  Col.  J.  0.  Fremont, 
and  contains  a  resume  of  the  first  and  second  expeditions  in  the 
years  1842,  '43,  and  "44.  and  a  detailed  account  of  the  third  expedi- 
tion during  the  years  1845,  '46,  and  '47,  across  the  Rocky  Moun- 
tains through  Oregon  into  California,  covering  the  conquest  and 
settlement  of  that  country;  the  fourth  expedition,  of  1848^9,  up 
the  Kans.as  and  .\rkansas  Rivers  into  the  Rocky  Mountains  of 
Mexico,  down  the  Del  Norte,  through  Sonora  into  California;  the 
fifth  expedition,  of  1853  and  '54,  across  the  Rocky  Mountains  at 
the  heads  of  the  Arkansas  and  Colorado  Rivers,  through  the  Mor- 
mon settlements  and  the  Great  Basin  into  California, — the  whole 
embracing  a  period  of  ten  years  pas&ed  among  the  wilds  of  America. 

"  The  rimmS  of  the  first  and  second  expeditions  was  prepared  by 
George  S.  Hillard.  Esq.,  whose  acknowledged  position  as  one  of  the 
most  accomplished  writers  of  America  is  a  sure  guarantee  that  it 
is  ably  executed. 

*'  The  scientific  portion  of  the  work  is  very  complete,  containing 
able  articles  from  Professor  Torrey  on  Botany,  Blake  on  Geology, 
Cassin  on  Ornithology,  Hubbard  on  Astronomy,  &c.,  illustrated 
and  compiled  from  material  furnished  by  the  author. 

"  The  greatest  possible  care  was  taken  to  insure  the  accuracy  of 
the  maps,  which  fully  illustrate  all  the  above-named  expeditions. 
They  were  engraved  under  the  superintendence  of  the  well-known 
hjdrographers,  Messrs.  E.  &  G.  W.  Blunt,  of  New  York." 

Fremont,  Philip  Richard.  1.  Defence  of  his  in- 
tended publication  on  the  knowledge  of  Human  Bodies, 
Lon,  1722,  4to.  2.  Supplice  a  Sa  Majesty  Louis  XV., 
1754,  fob 

French,  Surgeon  to  the  Infirmary  of  St.  James's, 
Westminster.  The  Nature  of  Cholera  Investigated, Lon., Svo. 

"  This  is  one  of  the  best  treatises  on  cholei^  which  we  hiive 
lately  read.  His  theory  of  the  nature  of  cholera  is  ingenious,  and 
is  argued  with  acuteness." — Lon.  Med.  Tiiit^  and  fjaz. 

French,  Benjamin  Franklin,  b.  at  Richmond,  Va., 
June  8,  1799.  One  of  the  founders  of  the  New  Orleans 
Fisk  Free  Library.  1.  Biographia  Americana,  Svo,  N.  Y., 
1825.  2.  Memoirs  of  Eminent  Female  Writers,  ISmo, 
Phila.,  1S27.  3.  Beauties  of  Bvron,  Scott,  and  Moore, 
2  vols.  ISmo,  Phila.,  1828.  4.  Historical  Collections  of 
Louisiana,  5  vols.  Svo,  N.  Y.,  1346-53. 

''  These  volumes  contain  translations  of  Memoirs,  Journals,  and 
valuable  documents,  relating  to  the  early  history  of  Louisiana;  to 
which  h.ave  been  added  numerous  Historical  and  Biographical 
notes,  giving  a  full  account  of  the  early  explorations  and  settle- 
ment of  that  State." 

Two  additional  vols,,  bringing  the  annals  of  Louisiana 
down  to  the  date  of  its  cession  to  the  United  States,  are 
now  (1858)  nearly  ready  for  publication.  We  may  soon 
expect  from  Mr.  French  two  vols,  of  Historical  Annals  re- 
lating to  the  History  of  N.  America,  1492-1850.  6.  Hist,  and 
Progress  of  the  Iron  Trade  of  U.  States,  1621-1857,  Svo,  1858. 

French,  Daniel.  The  Henriade  of  Voltaire,  1807,  Svo. 

French,  Daniel,  Barrister-at-Law.  1.  Protestant 
Discussion  between  D.  F.  and  the  Rev.  John  Cumming, 
D.D.,  held  at  Hammersmith  in  April  and  May,  1839.  2. 
Hymnus  dies  ir»,  in  linguam  Gra^cam  conversus,  1842,  Svo. 

French,  David,  a  son  of  Col.  John  French,  of  Dela- 
ware, was  the  author  of  sis  poetical  translations  from  the 
Greek  and  Latin,  written  between  1720-30,  and  inserted 
in  John  Parke's  Lyric  Works  of  Horace,  Ac,  Phila.,  17S6, 
Svo.  See  Fisher's  Early  Poets  and  Poetry  of  Pennsyl- 
vania;   Duyckincks'  Cyc.  of  Amer.  Lit.  i.  116,  305-308. 

French,  G.  Advice  rel.  to  the  V.Disease,  1776,  12mo. 

French,  George.  1.  Hist,  of  Col.  Parke's  Adminis- 
tration in  the  Leeward  Islands,  Lon.,  1717,  Svo.  2.  An- 
swer to  A  Lett,  to  G.  French,  1719,  Svo. 

French,  G.  J.  1.  Practical  Remarks  on  Church  Fur- 
niture, Lon.,  1844,  fp.  Svo.  2.  The  Tippets  of  the  Canons 
Ecclesiastical.  1850,  Svo. 

French,  George  Russell.  1.  Genealog.  and  Biog. 
Hist,  of  Eng,  Lon.,  p.  Svo.  2.  Ancestry  of  Victoria  and 
Albert,  1841,  p.  Svo.  3.  Royal  Descent  of  Nelson  and 
Wellington.  1S53,  p.  Svo. 

French,  James  Bogle.  Experiments  on  mixing 
Oils,  ic. ;  Med.  Obs.  and  Inq.,  1765. 

637 


FRE 

T  ^\^T^:  .''"''"'  ^-^^  '"'"-'SS?,  educated  at  New- 
Inn-hull  Oxf.,  served  n.s  physician  to  the  Parliamentary 
forces.      1.  Art  ol   Distillation.  Lon..  1641,  'SI.  4to      Fo, 

rr7^,TJ.  .If'"""''^-  ^"^-  "-i'h-S-The  London  Dis- 
,ller,  165.  '67,  4to.  .3.  The  Yorkshire  Spaw,  1652,  '54, 
12mo;  Hahfa.v,  1760,  12mo 


FRE 


lH^M^"""^  '""^  Ingenious  treatise.''-^;,.  NMson's  Eng.  Hist. 

French,  Jonathan,  1740-1809,  ministerof  Andover, 
Mass.     .Serms.,  1777-1805. 

French,  Matthew.  Answer  to  Boyse's  Serm.,  1709 
1  -l^,''''',',*-,  '  '^•<;''o'as,  R.  Catholic  Bishop  of  Ferns. 
1.  Ihe  \  nkmde  Desertor  of  lovall  .Men  and  true  Friends, 
Fans,  16,6.  Towneley,  Pt.  1,  697,  £.31  10». 
T  "/""i'  ■"■■'!.''■''■'''  """"-k  throws  great  li-ht  upon  the  rebellion  in 
Ireland,  and  particularly  on  the  conduct  of  Glamorgan  and  Oi- 
mond."— ir,!e/,A,«'s  BM.  Man, 

2.  Bleeding  Iphigenia,  1674,  8vo. 

"This  incendiary  wrote  the  Bleeding  Iphigenia:  wherein  he 
aTOwedlyjuslines  every  step  made  in  that  tm^terous  enferprize 
[the  Irish  Rebellion  of  I641."]-Bp.  McUonS  IrM  m"£b,2l, 
2.2.,    See  Beling.  Kichard.  '     ' 

Unkinde    Deserter  of  Loyall   Men  and  True  Friends, 
Uleeding  Iphigenia,  Settlement  and  Sale  of  Ireland   Ac 
accnrately  reprinted,  Lon.,  1846,  2  vols    l^njo  '       '' 

French,  Rev.  R.  N.  Verses,  Lon.,  "iSOS,  8vo 
trench,  Hin.  Cm.  to  Memoirs  Med.,  1782  '<i'> 
I'rench,  «m.,  D.D.,  d.  1849,  in  his  (i3d  year,' was 
educated  at  Caius  Coll.,  Camb. ;  Master  of  Jesus  Coll., 
1820  ;  Canon  of  Ely,  1832.  1.  New  Trans,  of  the  Proverbs 
of  Solomon,  with  Notes  by  W.  F.  and  (Jeorge  Skinner, 
Lon  1831,  8vo.  By  the  same  authors,  2.  New  Trans,  of 
the  Book  of  Psalms,  with  Notes,  Camb.,  1830,  8vo  New 
ed.,  Lon.,  1842,  8vo. 

carSuU:s'ofrhe''pslims?- '^  "'"'""  ""  P™""""  ""^  *•>"  •>"«•■• 

This  trans,  was  attacked  by  a  critic  in  the  London  Re- 
cor.J  newspaper.     See  a  Review  in  Brit.  Crit.,  ix    404 

f  rend,  H.  T.,  and  T.  H.  Ware,  Precedents  of 
Lonveyances.  <tc.,  Lon.,  1846,  8vo. 

Frend,  Wm.,  1757-1841,  in  1787  resigned  the  living 
of  Madingley,  Cambridgeshire,  in  consequence  of  having 
adopted  Socmian  views.  He  pub.  a  number  of  works  on 
tbeology,  astronomy,  political  economy,  &c.  His  Evenine 
Aniusements  on  the  Beauty  of  the  Heavens  Displayed  was 
pub.  annually  from  1804-22. 

Frende,  Gabriel,  practitioner  in  Astrology  and 
1592"ac'"'        '"""'•■'''''^  '^"'^  Prognostications  annually, 

Freneau,  Peter,  d.  1813,  long  resident  in  Charleston, 
bouth  Lan.lina,  was  a  brother  of  Philip  Freneau.  In  1795  he 
became  editor  and  proprietor  uf  the  (Charleston)  Cily  Ga 
zette,  and  contributed  to  it  many  articles  of  great  literary 
merit.  He  was  versed  in  the  ancient  and  modern  lan- 
guages, and  possessed  a  wide  range  of  general  knowledge 
An  interesting  biographical  account  of  Mr.  Freneau,  frSm 
the  pen  of  Dr.  Joseph  Johnson  of  Charleston,  will  be  found 
in  Duyckincks'  Cvo.  of  Amer.  Lit. 

Frenean,  Philip,  1752-1832,  a  native  of  New  York 
descended  of  a  French  Protestant  family,  entered  Nassau 
f "'  •  P^inf.f "°.  ^'"''  Jersey,  in  1767,  and  graduated  in 
J7a.      Whilst  residing  in  New  York,  in   1774  or  1776   he 
commenced  writing  those  poetical  satires  on  the  royalists 
and  their  cause  which  have  transmitted  his  name  to  pos- 
terity.    In  1,76  he  visited  the  Danish  AVest  Indies,  where 
T^}^  i""  "''  '"'*  Pi'iiK^'I'il  poems.  The  House  of  NL^ht 
and  The  Beauties  of  Santa  Cruz.     Two  years  later  he  was 
^   S!m"'/  ,\-  -'■'1  '"^  ''°  "'^^  engaged  in  editorial  labours 
m  Philadelphia,  having  the  superintendence  of  the  United 
States  Magazine,  pub.  by  Francis  Bailey.  He  subsequently 
boc.ame  a  sea-captain,  and  made  many  voyages  belwee'n 
1,84  and  1,89,  .and  1798  and  1809.      In   1797  he  com- 
menced the  publication  in  New  York  of  The  Time  Piece 
and  Literary  Comp.anion— a  short-lived  periodical,— and 
displayed  considerable  ability  in  its  literary  management. 
He  was  for  some  time  Translating  Clerk  in  the  Department 
of  State  under  Thomas  Jefferson,  and  editor  of  the  Na- 
tional Gazette.     The  attacks  upon  General  Washington's 
administration  which  appeared  in  this  paper  are  to  he  at- 
tributed to  Jefferson  and  his  clerk,  if  the  latest  assertions 
of  the  latter  are  to  be  believed.     After  leading  a  wander- 
ing life   .and  engaging  in  many  literary  underlakin.'S,  he 
perished  in  a  snow-storm,  in  his  80th  year,  Dec   18    183'' 
near  Freehold,  New  Jersey.     In  1786," Mr.  Bailey  jnlb.  n:; 
Philadelphia  the  first  collection  of  Froneau's  poems,  in  a 
vol.  of  upw.ards  of  400  pages.     A  second  e.l.  appeared  in 
179D,  and  a  third  in  1809.     A  collection  of  his  poems  con- 
nected w^h  the  war  of  1812,  and  other  subjects,  written 


between  1797-1S1.5,  was  pub.  in  New  York  in  2  vols.  For 
further  p.irticulars  respecting  this  patriotic  poet,  we  must 
refer  the  reader  to  the  source  for  which  we  are  indebted 
to  the  above  facts— Griswold's  Poets  and  Poetrv  of  Aine 
nca,  16th  ed.,  Phila,,  1855,  and  to  Duyckincks'  Cyclo- 
pa;dia  of  American  Literature,  New  York  1856  The 
Reminiscences  of  Freneau  by  Dr.  John  W.  Francis!  in  the 
valuable  work  last  cited,  possess  peculiar  intere.st 

"Ihe  productions  of  bis  pen  aniiimted  his  countrymen  in  the 
darkest  days  of  '76,  and  the  effusions  of  his  muse  cheered  the  d.! 
lu^dr^f.  'isali'"  "'       ''''""'"  """  ''^"''='  of  freedom.-- Jfo„„,<,„,4 

Dr.  Francis  of  N.  York  remarks,  in  relating  his  remi- 
niscences of  Freneau : 

I  tolT'bi,'nwh'I,T!;'',"v'''-':?''^''S°™'  P°^"'  ™=  1""e  romantic, 
hisiri  .^  HI,,,'  ''*"'''  i'^'"^'  ""^  ■'''■''''■•>  reviewer,  sav  of 
nf  I  ,  r^  '  "'■'*,''^'*  "■"<■  "ouM  arrive  when  bis  poetrv.  like  that 
Ol  Uudibras,  would  command  a  commentator  like  Giev'"— i?,-om  ,. 
pap^ re^ul  b,,.„  U.II,.t  Sec;, ,./ N.  nn.;  b,,  Mr.  E.  A.  Du/cLZk. 

r  rere,  B.     Novels,  play.s,  Ac.,  1790-1813. 

Frere,  Charles.  Practice  of  Committees  in  the  H 
of  Com.  with  respect  to  Private  Bills,  Ac,  -Westminster, 
1846,  8vo. 

Frere,  James  Hatley.  1.  A  Combined  View  of  the 
Prophecies  of  Daniel,  Esilras,  and  St.  John,  Ac,  Lon 
1815  8vo.  New  ed.,  1826,  8vo.  2.  Eight  Lett,  on  the 
Proph.  reL  to  the  last  Times,  1834,  8vo.  3.  Three  Lett 
on  the  Proph.,  1833,  Svo.  See  Lowndes's  Brit.  Lib  959* 
4.  Doctrine  of  Confirmation,  p.  Svo.  5.  The  Harvest  of 
the  Earth.  1846,  12mo.  6.  The  Revolution— the  Expira- 
tion of  the  Times  of  the  Gentiles.  1848,  8vo.  7.  Notes  on 
the  Interpretation  of  the  Ap.icalvpse.  1850,  Svo-  186'>  8vo 
,.T  ^c""  n'"^;  "'•  """•  ••"''"  "ooliham,  of  Roydon  HalL 
Norfolk,  1,69-1846.  who  filled  several  important  diploma! 
tic  posts- the  most  memorable  of  which  was  his  ministry 
in  Spam  during  the  Peninsular  War— evinced  early  in  life 
the  possession  of  great  poetical  abilities.  His  excellent 
jeu-d  esprit  entitled  Prospectus  and  Specimen  of  an  In- 
tended National  Work,  by  Wm.  and  Robt.  Whistleeraft,  Ac 
intended  to  comprise  the  most  interesting  Particul.ar's  re- 
lating to  King  Arthur  and  his  Round  Table,  doubtless 
suggested  to  Lord  Byron  his  disreputable  poem  of  Don 
Juan.  The  merit  of  the  Whistleeraft  poem  is  very  great, 
and  the  author  could  have  placed  his  name  amon"-  the 
most  distinguished  poets  of  the  age,  if  his  ambition  had 
been  equal  to  his  genius.  His  translation  of  the  Saxon 
poem  on  the  victory  of  Athelslan  at  Brunnenburgh,  made 
by  him  at  a  very  early  ago,  elicited  the  following  enthusi- 
astic commendations  from  eminent  .authorities- 

"A  translati.m  made  hy  a  school-boy  in  the  eighteenth  century 
of  this  8axon  poem  of  the  tenth  century  into  the  English  nf  the 
ourteenth  cenluiy,  is  a  double  imitation,  unmatched,  perhaps  in 
literary  history,  m  which  the  wi  iter  gave  an  earnest  of  that  faculty 
of  catching  he  peculiar  genius  and  pieserving  the  characteristic 
manner  of  his  original,  whi,h.  though  the  specimens  of  it  be  too 
«;;';/ ''if?-  I^™  ,»'o"i'  nmong  English  translators."-Sir  Janits 
Maci.mtosh  s  Hist,  of  Kng. 

^ZIJ"""^-  r'-^c^ft '?  Py  researches  into  these  matters,  with  one 
poem  which  If  It  had  been  produced  as  ancient,  could  not  have 
been  detected  on  internal  evidence.  It  is  the  War  Song  upon  the 
victory  at  Brunnanburgh,  translated  from  the  Anglo-.^axon  into 
Anglo-Norman,  by  the  Bight  Hon.  John  Hookham  Frere.  See 
il"!^%';r'°"";t°fS'.«^"'''''°''tr.v,vol.i.p.32.  The  accomplished 
editor  tells  us.  that  this  very  singular  poem  was  intended  as  an 
imitation  of  the  style  and  language  of  the  fourteenth  century.and 
was  jritten  during  the  controversy  occasioned  by  the  poems  attri- 
buted to  Rowley  Mr.  Ellis  adds-'  The  render  will  probably  hear 
with  some  surprise  that  this  singular  instance  of  critical  ingenuitv 
w.ts  he  composition  of  an  Eton  schooIboy."'-.SiR  Walteb  Scott : 
SetLi  Works''   ""  ^mimt  Ballads,  (writUn  in  1S30;)  see 

Some  interesting  p.articulars  connected  with  Frere  who 
was  one  of  the  founders  of  the  London  Quar.  Rov  and  a 
contributor  to  the  Etonian  and  the  Anti-Jacobin,  will  be 
found  in  Lockharfs  Life  of  Sir  Waller  Seott,  and  in  Lon 
Gent.  Mag.,  March  and  April,  1846.  Frere  expressed  a 
warm  admiration  of  Scott's  Sir  Tristrem.  declaring  it  to  bo 
-Ihe  most  interesting  work  that  has  yet  been  published  on  the 
subject  of  our  earlier  poets,  and,  indeed,  such  a  piece  of  literarv 
antiquity  as  no  one  could  have,  dpriori.  supposed  to  exist  " 

This  eulogy  delighted   Scott  greatly,  and  he  wrote  to 
Jillis,  who  had  quoted  Frere's  opinion, 

tv,r/r''''''''',f'".'[.'^"''','"'"**erof  the  ancient  style  of  composition, 
that  I  would  rather  have  his  suffrage  than  that  of  a  who£  synod 
of  yonrvulg.ar  antiquaries."— FW.wy,ra,-  and  see  SoutheyVlife 
and  Corresp..  and  .lliss  Mitford's  Eecollec.  of  a  Lit.  Life 

Mr.  Frere  died  at  his  residence  in  the  Pieta  Malta,,  where 
he  had  lived  for  a  number  of  years. 

,  .f/*^**^"'  Ja>»es.  1-  Kngland's  Perspective  Glass,  Lon., 
1646,  4to.     2.  Com.  Law  of  Eng.,  1656,  4to. 

J  lesselicque,   John.     1.  Serm.,   Lon.,   1793,  4to. 
2.  Serm..  Gosp.,  1794,  Svo. 

__Freston,  A.      1.  Poems,  1787,  Svo.     2.  Elegy,  Lon. 
1787,  4to.     3.  Discourse  on  the  Laws,  1792,  4to.     4.  Evi-' 


THE' 

deuces  for  the  Divinity  of  Christ,  ISOT,  Svo.  5.  Serms., 
1S(I9.  Svo. 

Freval,  John  Baptist  De.  1.  Orationcs  qufpdam  in 
Universitii(e  Uxonieiisi,  habita;.  Lon.,  17-13,  Svo.  2.  Vin- 
dic.  of  Dr.  Frewer.  171.'!,  Svo.  This  is  a  vindication  of  the 
Archliishop  of  Yorli  from  the  alleged  misrepresentations 
of  Dr.  Drake,  in  his  Hist,  of  York. 

Frewen,  Accepted.  La  Spectacle  de  la  Nature. 
Trans,  from  .\ntoinc  Xocl  de  Plcuch,  Lon..  17M9,  4  vols.  Svo. 

Freweii,  John.     Two  theolog.  treatises,  15S7,  1621. 

Freiven,  Thomas,  .M.D.     Profess,  works,  1749-80. 

Frcwiu,  Richard,  and  Wm.  Sims.  Rates  of  Mer- 
chandise, 1782,  Svo.  R.  F.  and  N.  Jickling;  Digested 
Abridgt.  of  the  Laws  of  the  Customs,  Lon.,  1819,  Svo. 

Frey,  Rev.  Joseph  Samuel  C.  F.,  d.  1S50,  at  Pon- 
tiac.  Mil  hij;an.  in  his  79th  year,  born  of  Jewish  parents  in 
Germany,  became  a  Christian  when  about  25  years  of  age, 
came  to  the  U.  Slates  in  ISlfi.  w.t5  for  some  time  a  Pres- 
byterian minister  in  New  York,  and  subsequently  became  a 
Baptist  preacher.  He  laboured  both  in  England  and  this 
country  as  a  missionary  of  societies  established  for  the  con- 
version of  the  Jews.  1.  Narrative.  Lon.,  1SII9,  '12,  12mo. 
2.  Vandcrhooght's  Hebrew  Bible.  Pt.  1,  IS!  I,  Svo.  3.Bil)lia 
Hebraica.  4.  A  Hebrew  Gram,  in  the  Eng.  Lan.,  Lon.,  1813, 
Svo.  New  ed.,  by  George  Downes,  1823,  Svo;  10th  ed., 
1839,  Svo. 

"  Mr.  Frev's  mode  of  te-aching  the  Hebrew  is  very  masterly." — 
Lnn.  Mnnth.  Rn:.  -V.  .5.,  Ivii.  55. 

5.  Hebrew  Letter  and  Eng.  Dictioniiry,  Pts.  1  and  2, 1816, 
Svo,  £4  16<.;  royal  paper,  £7  4s.;  3d  ed.,  1842,  Svo. 

"  \  book  of  more  promise  than  performance,  and  now  entirely 
superseded  by  the  valuable  Le-xicon  of  Gesenius." — H'irms  Bill.  [ 
Bib. 

"The  author,  at  least  in  regard  to  Hi^brew  learning,  appears  to 
liave  continued  a  .lew.  He  is  a  devoted  disciple  of  the  Itabbins, 
whom  he  seems  to  have  considered  the  only  authorities  in  Hebrew 
literature.  Little  appears  in  his  writings  of  any  ac(|uaintance  with 
the  modern  oriental  scholars,  either  of  the  Continent  or  Great 
Britain.  As  a  lar;:;e  vocabulary,  the  book  may  be  of  some  use  to  a  j 
learner;  but  it  has  added  nothins  to  our  stock  of  Hebrew  know- 
ledge as  a  dictionary." — Ormt's  Bihl.  Bib. 

6.  Joseph  and  Benjamin,  2  vcds.  12mo.     This,  the  most  ' 
popular  of  his  works,  is  intended  to  illustrate  the  points 
of  difference  between  Jews  and  Christians.     7.  Judah  and  , 
Israel;  or,  the   Restoration  of  Christianity.  1837,  12mo.  \ 
8.  Hebrew  Reader,  N.  York.     9.  Hebrew  Student's  Pocket 
Companion.     10.  Jewish  Intelligencer,  vol.  i.     11.  Pass- 
over.    12.  Lectures  on  the  Scripture  Types,  1841,  2  vols. 
12mo.     See  an  account  of  Mr.  F.  in  the  N.  X.  Internal. 
Mag.,  i.  11. 

Frick,  Charles,  M.D.  Renal  Affections;  their  Diag- 
nosis and  Pathology,  Lon.,  1850,  12mo. 

Frick,  George,  M.D.  Diseases  of  the  Eye,  by  TVell- 
bank.  Lon..  Svo. 

Frick,  Wm.  The  Laws  of  the  Sea,  with  reference  to 
Maritime  Correspondence:  trans,  from  the  German  of 
Frederick  J.  J.acohsen,  (Altona.  1S15.)  Bait.,  1818,  Svo. 

"  Mr.  Frick  appears  to  be  perfectly  competent  to  his  t.ask.  both  in 
learniu,?  and  dili,;;ence;  and,  so  tar  as  he  has  permitted  himself  to 
appear  in  the  notes,  he  h;is  acquitted  himself  in  a  manner  very 
creditable  to  his  talents  and  his  acquirements." — Judge  Story; 
N.  A.  Rti'.,  vii.  323-347. 

"We  know  of  no  on"  work  on  general  maritime  .iurisprudence, 
in  the  whole  liiitliotheca  le-^um.  that  we  can  more  strongly  recom- 
mend."— H'tfin'iu's  Lig.  Sin.,  475:  and  see  p.  471. 

Fridegorde,  flourished  956,  a  monk  of  Dover,  wrote 
in  956,  in  heroic  verse,  the  Life  of  Wilfrid.  The  old  biblio- 
gr.aphers  also  ascribe  to  him,  1.  The  Life  of  St.  Audoenus. 
2.  A  Treatise  de  rauliere  peccatrice  in  Evangelio.  3.  Hie- 
rusalem  supra.  4.  De  Visione  Beatornm.  5.  Contempla- 
tiones  varia;.  The  Life  of  Wilfrid,  which  is  e.xtant,  is  a 
metrical  version  of  Eddius  Stephanus.  It  will  be  found  in 
MabiUon,  AqIo,  Sanctorum,  Ac.  Sa;culum  III.,  pars  prima, 
fol.,Luteci!e,  Paris,  1672,  pp.  171-196.  lb.;  S;tc.  IV.,  pars 
prima,  pp.  722-726.  See  Wright's  Biog.  Brit.  Lit.,  Anglo- 
Saxon  Period. 

Friend.     See  Fp.eixd. 

F'rierson,  Henry.     Livesey's  Victory,  1648,  fol. 

Vrike,  Joseph.  1.  Guide  to  Harmony,  Lon.,  1793, 
4to.     2.  Treatise  on  Thorough  Bass,  4to. 

Fringo,  P.     Treatise  on  Phrensy.  Lon.,  1746,  Svo. 

Frisbie,  Levi,  1748-1806,  minister  of  Ipswich,  Mass., 
graduated  at  Dartmouth  College  in  1771.  laboured  for  some 
time  as  a  missionary  among  the  Delaware  Indians  west  of 
the  Ohio.     Orations  and  Serms.,  17S3-1S04. 

Frisbie,  Levi,  17S4-1S22,  son  of  the  preceding,  gra- 
duated at  Harvard  University  in  1798;  appointed  Latin 
tutor  in  his  college,  1805;  Prof,  of  the  Latin  language, 
1811 ;  Prof,  of  Moral  Philosophy,  1817.  He  was  a  contri- 
butor to  The  North  American  Review.  The  Christian  Dis- 
ciple, and  The  Monthly  Anthology;  and  his  writings  are 


FRO 

thought  to  disphaj  talents  of  no  ordinary  character.  Some 
of  his  philosophical  lectures,  a  number  of  his  poems,  and 
papers  first  pub.  in  periodicals,  and  a  memoir  of  his  life, 
were  pub.  in  1823,  Svo,  by  his  friend.  Prof.  Andrews  Norton. 
Frith,  or  Fryth,  John,  burnt  at  Smithfield,  July  4, 
1533,  was  the  son  of  :in  inn-keeper  at  Sevenoaks,  in  Kent, 
He  studied  both  at  Oxford  and  Cambridge,  and  was  early 
distinguished  for  his  proficiency  in  learning.  His  advocacy 
of  the  doctrines  of  the  Reformation  caused  him  to  be  sent 
to  the  Tower  by  Sir  Thomas  More,  then  Lord-Chancellor, 
with  whom  he  held  a  personal  controversy,  without  any 
change  being  effected  in  the  opinions  of  either  disputant. 
Remaining  firm  to  his  convictions,  it  occurred  to  his  oppo- 
nents that,  if  they  could  not  out-argue  him.  they  could  burn 
him,  and  this  charitable  settlement  of  the  m.atter  was  not 
delayed.  He  pub.  A  Disput,acion  of  Purgatorye,  and  some 
other  theolog.  treatises  ;  see  vol.  viii. — containing  the  writ- 
in,gsof  Tyndale,  Frith,  and  Barnes — of  the  Brilifh  Reform- 
ers, Lon.  Tract  Soc,  12  vols.  12mo:  vol  iii.  of  The  Works  of 
the  Eng.  and  Scot.  Reformers,  edited  by  Thomas  Russell, 
1828,  3  vols.  Svo.  These  three  vols.,  all  that  have  been 
pub.  of  this  series,  contain;  Tyndale's  Prologues  to  the 
Books  of  Moses  and  Book  of  Jonas ;  Parable  of  the  Wicked 
Mammon;  Obedience  of  a  Christian  Man;  Practice  of  Pre- 
lates; Answer  to  More's  Dialogue;  Exposition  of  chap,  v., 
vi.,  vii.,  of  Matthew,  and  of  the  First  Epistle  of  John  ;  Path- 
way to  Scripture  ;  On  the  Sacraments;  Frith's  Life  and  Mar- 
tyrdom ;  On  Purgatory;  Bulwark  against  Rastell :  Judg- 
ment on  Tracy's  Testament;  Letter  from  the  Tower;  a 
Mirror;  On  Baptism;  Christ  and  the  Pope ;  Articles;  the 
Eucharist ;  Epistle. 

His  Life,  and  a  selection  from  his  Writings,  will  be  found 
in  vol.  i.  of  The  Fathers  of  the  English  Church,  edited  by 
the  Rev.  Legli  Richmond,  1807-12,  8  vols.  Svo.  We  h.ave 
already  referred  to  the  collection  of  the  works  of  Wm. 
Tyndale,  John  Frith,  and  Robert  Barnes,  (see  these  names,) 
by  John  Fox,  the  Martyrologist,  1573,  fol.  See  Fox,  Jons. 
Frith,  Rev.  W.  C.  Parish  Registers,  1811,  Svo. 
Frizell,  Rev.  W.  Expositor  and  Sunday  Family  In- 
structor. 1S12.  Ac,  Svo.     This  was  a  periodical. 

Frobenius,  Dr.  Chem.  con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1730. 
Frobisher,  Sir  Martin,  d.  1594.  an  enterprising 
navigator  and  naval  hero,  was  a  native  of  Y'orkshire.  He 
is  generally  named  as  the  first  Englishman  who  attempted 
to  find  a  North-West  Passage  to  China;  but  Sir  Hugh 
Willoughby  has  also  been  thought  entitled  to  the  head  of 
the  list.  See  Best,  George  ;  Fr.4VKlin,  Sm  John:  Set- 
tle, DlONYSE,  in  the  present  vol.  Frobisher's  three  voy- 
ages, 1576,  '77,  '7S,  will  he  found  in  Pinkerton's  Collection 
of  Voyages  and  Travels,  vol.  ,\ii. ;  a  life  of  Frobisher  in 
the  Biog.  Brit.,  and  some  remarks  on  the  errors  in  the 
original  map  of  his  Voyages,  will  be  found  in  Pennant's 
Introduc  to  Arctic  Zoology. 

Frokelewe,  John  De.    Annales  Edwardi  II.,  Hen- 
rici  de  Blaneforde  t?hronica.     Et  Edwardi  II.,  Vita,  Ac, 
Edit,  a  Thorn.  Ilearne,  Oxf.,  1729,  Svo. 
Frome,  John  Sibree.     Serm.,  1813. 
Frome,  Samuel  Blake.     1.  The  Songs  in  the  Opera 
of  Sketches  from  Life.Lon.,lS09,Svo.    2.  Poems. 181.'),12mo. 
Fromento,  John  F.     French  Verb.s,  Lon.,  1796,  4to. 
Frommenius,   Andrew.      Synopsis    Metaphysica, 
Oxon.,  1669,  Svo. 
Fromondus  Libertus.  Meteorologica.Lon.,1670,Svo. 
Frost,  B.,  of  Glamsforth.     Serm.,  1741,  Svo. 
Frost,  Charles.  Witnesses  in  Civil  Actions.  1  SI  5,  Svo. 
Frost,  Charles.     Notices  relative  to  the  Early  His- 
tory of  the  Town  and  Port  of  Hull,  1S27,  4to. 

"  It  will,  we  hope,  be  inferred  from  what  we  have  said  of  Mr. 
Frost's  work,  that  we  appreciate  the  labour  and  research  which  it 
displays."— iwi.  Relrosp.  I/n:.  .V.  .v..  1S27,  i.  l'.)4-2y4. 

"Ihose  who  are  interested  in  Hull  should  read  Frost's 
book,  and  the  review  from  which  we  have  quoted. 

Frost,  J.  Scientific  Swimming,  Lon.,  1S16,  demy  Svo. 
"If  we  had  no  other  motive  than  that  kind  of  anticipation  of 
possible  utility,  which  the  thou;.rbtful  will  ever  connect  with  the 
art  of  swimming,  we  should  incline  to  commend  Mr.  Frost's  per- 
formance. But  his  precepts  deserve  attention  for  other  causes 
also.  The  plates  are  a  considerable  advantage  to  the  work."' — Lon. 
Library  Pinwrama.JuJy,  1816.  See  also  Critical  Keview  of  the 
same  month,  and  Monthly  Review.  May,  1S17. 

Frost,  John,  Fellow  of  St.  John's  Coll.,  Camb.,  sub- 
sequently pastor  of  the  Church  at  St.  Olave's,  Hart  St., 
London.  Select  Serms.,  Camb.,  1658,  fol.  Prefixed  is  a 
portrait  of  the  author  by  Vauglian. 

Frost,  John.  Remarks  on  the  Mustard-Tree  men- 
tioned in  the  N.  Test,  Lon..  1827,  Svo. 

Frost,  John,  b.  in  Kennebunk,  Maine,  in  ISOO,  en- 
tered Bowdoin  College,  181S;  passed  to  Harvard  College, 
Cambridge,  1819;  graduated  at  Harvard,  1822  ;  appointed 


FRO 


FRY 


Head  Master  of  Mayhew  School,  Boston,  1S23.  Removed 
to  Phila.,  1S2S  J  conducted  a  private  school  for  young 
ladies  till  18;^S,  when  he  was  appointed  Professor  of  Belles- 
Lcttres  in  the  Central  High  School,  which  situation  he 
resigned  in  1S45.  Since  then  he  has  been  engaged  in 
compiling  books  for  popular  use.  He  has  published  a 
great  number  of  works,  chiefly  school  and  juvenile  books, 
and  historical  and  biographical  compilations,  intended  for 
di.vtriljution  by  subscription  agents.  The  Pictorial  History 
of  the  United  States,  3  vols.  Svo,  seems  to  have  been  popu- 
lar, as  upwards  of  50,000  copies  have  been  sold.  The  Pic- 
torial History  of  the  AVorld,  3  vols.  Svo,  has  also  had  a  wide 
circulation.  Among  the  numerous  titles  of  Dr.  Frost's  books 
are  Lives  of  American  Generals,  and  Lives  of  the  Ame- 
rican Naval  Commanders,  Book  of  the  Army,  Book  of 
the  Navy,  ami  many  others  illustrating  American  History. 

Frost,  Qiiiutiii.  The  Harper,  and  other  Poems,  Lon., 
1806.  Svo. 

Frost,  Itichard,  d.  1778,  aged  78,  a  Dissenting  mi- 
nister of  (irc.-it  Yarmouth,  Norfolk.     Serms.,  1729-52. 

Frothin^ham,  Nathaniel  l.an§;ilon,  D.D.,  b. 
17!'3.  at  Bi'Stnn,  JIass.,  graduated  at  Harvard  in  1811,  was 
at  the  age  of  nineteen  appointed  instructor  in  Rhetoric  and 
Oratory  in  the  college,  (the  first  incumbent  of  the  oflBce,) 
and  in  1815  became  pastor  of  the  First  Congregational 
Church  in  Boston.  Dr.  F.  retained  this  post  for  the  long 
term  of  35  years,  resigning  in  1850,  in  consequence  of  ill- 
health.  1.  Deism,  or  Christianity,  in  four  discourses, 
Boston,  1845.  2.  Serms.  in  the  order  of  a  Twelvemonth, 
1852,  Svo.  3.  Metrical  Pieces,  translated  and  original, 
1855,  16mo,  highly  commended.  Dr.  F.  has  also  pub. 
about  fifty  occasional  serms.  and  addresses.  His  principal 
poem  is  a  version  of  The  Phenomena  or  Appearances  of 
the  Stars,  from  the  Greek  of  Aratus.  His  translations  from 
the  German  have  elicited  warm  commendations  from  those 
best  qualified  to  judge  of  them. 

"Asiui^ular  jxrace  of  expression  and  refinement  pervades  the 
prose  writings  of  Dr.  Frotbinjibam,  aud  bis  pnetry  is  also  marked 
by  exquisite  finish  and  tiisteful  elBgance.  His  works  are  among 
the  beFt  modfrls  of  composition  which  contemporary  New  Kngland 
srholars  will  present  to  posterity." — Oi-iswoUi's  rods  and  Fuetry 
of  America^  lOth  rd.,  1855,  q.  v. 

Frothiiigham,  Richard,  Jr.  Hist,  of  the  Siege  of 
Boston,  and  of  the  Battles  of  Lexington,  Concord,  and 
Bunker  Hill.  Also  an  Account  of  the  Bunker  Hill  Monu- 
ment, with  Illustrative  Documents.  Embellished  with  16 
Maps  and  Engravings,  Boston,  1849,  Svo;  2d  ed.,  ISol,  Svo. 

"The  accurate  and  judicious  historian  of  CharleRtown,  Mr. 
Richard  Frothinghani,  Jr." — Edivard  Everett's  Oi-aiions  and 
S2>ef:ches>  3d  ed..  i.  183. 

"In  my  judgment  the  Siege  of  Boston  excels  any  that  has  ap- 
peared on  insulated  points  of  our  history.  It  is  the  best  of  our 
historic  monographs  that  I  have  seen.  Its  author  has  been  patient 
in  research,  and  very  successful;  has  been  most  impartial;  has 
bruught  to  excellent  materials  a  sound  and  healthy  judgment; 
and,  after  finishing  all  thin,  his  work  is  pervaded  with  a  modesty 
whi  h  leuds  a  new  charm  to  its  merit." — George  Bancroft,  the 
Historian  f if  the  Unikd  Slates. 

Froude,  James  Anthony,  Fellow  of  E.xeter  Coll., 
Oxford.     1.  Shadows  of  the  Clouds,  Lon.,  1S47.  Svo. 

'■Mr.  Froude  is  no  common  writer:  his  style  is  vivid  and  em- 
phatic; he  touches  some  of  the  most  secret  springs  of  tlie  heart's 
passions ;  he  enchains  our  sympathies." — John  Bull. 

2.  The  Nemesis  of  Faith  ;  2d  ed.,  1849,  p.  8vo:  see  re- 
views in  Fraser's  Mag.,  xxxis.  445 :  Bost.  Chris.  Exam., 
{by  S.  Osgood,)  xlvii.  y3.  3.  The  Book  of  Job,  1854,  p.  8vo. 
4.  Hist,  of  Eug.:  vols,  i.,  ii..l856;  2d  ed.,  1858;  iii..iv.,  1858. 

Froude,  Richard  IlurreH,  1803-1836,  entered 
Oriel  Coll.,  Oxf.,  1821;  elected  Fellow,  1826;  Tutor,  1827- 
30:  ordained  deacon.  1828;  priest,  1829,  Remains, 
Lon.,  1S38-39,  4  vols.  Svo.  The  publication  of  these 
vols. .which  are  of  the  Oxford  Tract  School,  elicited  a  warm 
controversj. 

•■  The  publication  of  Froude's  Remains  is  likely  to  do  more  harm 

than is  capable  of  doing.     The  Oxf  ird  School  has  acted  most 

unwisely  in  giving  its  sanction  to  such  a  deplorable  example  of 
mistaken  zeal."— Korert  Southey  :  Letter  to  Rev.  John  Miller,  July 
21, 1838. 

"Mr. Froude,  or  rather  his  editors,  appear  to  have  fallen  into 
the  error  of  supposing  that  his  pi-ofession  gave  him  not  merely  the 
right  to  admonish,  but  the  privilege  to  scold.  ...  A  good  and 
able  man,  a  ripe  scholar,  and  a  devout  Christian." — Sir  Jas.  Ste- 
PEiEN  :  thp  lives  of  Whitfield  and  Froud^^,  in  Edin.  Iter..  1838. 

Frowde,  Capt.  Neville,  of  Cork.  His  Life,  Extra- 
ordinary Adventures,  Voyages,  and  Surprising  Escapes, 
Lon.,  1708,  8vo. 

Frowde,  Philip,  d.  1738,  an  English  poet,  was  edu- 
cated at  Oxfurd,  where  he  formed  a  friendship  with  Joseph 
Adilison,  who  took  pains  to  introduce  him  to  those  whose 
good  will  would  bo  likely  to  profit  him,  and  pub.  some  of 
his  Latin  poems  in  the  Musie  Auglieante.     He  wrote  two 

tragedies :~1.  The  Fall  of  Saguntum,  1727,  Svo;    2.  Phi- 
640  t=  f  >  } 


lotas ;  both  unsuccessful  in  representation,  yet  not  without 
literary  merit. 

"  Mr.  Frowde's  tragedies  have  more  poetry  than  pathos,  more 
beauties  of  languace  to  please  in  the  closet,  than  strokes  of  inci- 
dent and  action  tn  strike  and  astonish  in  the  theatre:  and  conse- 
q'is.;.intly  they  miiiht  furce  a  due  ap].lause  from  the  reading,  at  the 
same  time  that  they  mii<ht  appear  very  heavy,  and  even  insipid, 
in  th.*  representation." — Biog.  Dramat.,  q.v. 

Froysell,  Thomas,  d.  1672.  1.  Serm.,  1651,  4to. 
2.  Serms.,  1658,  Svo.  3.  Serm.,  Lon.,  1658,  12mo.  4.  Serms. 
cone.  Grace  and  Temptation;  with  an  Account  of  his  Life 
by  R.  Steel,  1678,  Svo. 

■'  A  divine  of  extraordinary  worth.  Moderation,  Blameless  Living, 
and  an  excellent  preacher,  of  Clun,  Shropshire.'' — Palmer's  Nou' 
conft-rmists,  vol.  ii. 

if-'ry,  Alfred  A.  1.  Case  of  the  Canadian  Prisoners, 
with  an  Introduc.  on  the  Habeas  Corpus,  Lon.,  1839,  Svo. 
2.  Genl.  Highways  Act,  with  Notes,  1843,  12mo.  3.  Do., 
■with  Surveyor's  Guide,  12mo.  4.  Stat.  rel.  to  Parishes, 
1844,  ISmo. 

Fry,  Anne.  The  Voice  of  Truth  ;  or.  Proofs  of  the 
Divine  Origin  of  Scripture,  1807,  12mo. 

Fry,  Caroline.     Hist,  of  Eng.  in  Verse,  1802, 12mo. 

F^ry,  Caroline.     See  Wilson. 

Fry,  I>.  P.  1.  Local  Taxes  of  the  LTnited  Kingdom, 
Lon.,  1846.  r.  8vo.  2.  Poor  Law  Acts  of  1S5L  Introduc. 
Notes  and  Inilex,  1851,  12mo. 

Fry,  Edmund,  M.D.  1.  Spec,  of  Printing  Types, 
Lon.,  1785,  '98,  Svo.  2.  Pantographia;  copies  of  all  the 
known  Alphabets,  &c.,  1798,  r.  Svo. 

•'The  specimens  of  characters  in  this  interesting  and  laborious 
work  are  executed  with  great  neatness.'' — JVatt's  liihl.  Brit. 

Fry,  Mrs.  Elizabeth,  1780-1845,  one  of  the  most 
eminent  of  modern  philanthropists,  a  sister  of  Joseph  John 
Gurney,  equally  well  known  for  public  and  private  use- 
fulness, was  a  native  of  Norwich.  England.  In  1800  she 
was  married  to  Mr.  Fry,  and  became  the  mother  of  a  large 
family.  For  an  account  of  her  **  abundant  labours"  in 
prisons  and  among  the  captives  of  ignorance,  we  must 
refer  to  the  Memoirs  of  her  which  have  been  given  to  the 
world.  Mrs.  Fry  pub.  Observations  on  visiting  Female 
Prisoners,  Texts  for  every  Day  in  the  Year;  new  ed.,  Lon., 
1850,  64mo,  &c.  1.  Memoirs,  Letters,  and  Journal,  edited 
by  two  of  her  daughters,  1847,  2  vols.  Svo;  2d  ed.,  1848. 

'*  We  rise  from  its  perusal  with  softened  yet  elevated  thouLjhts. 
It  is  worthy — do  mean  praise — to  take  its  place  upon  our  shelves 
beside  the  more  rugged  but  equally  kind  and  catholic  journal  of 
George  Fox,  the  great  founder  of  the  society.  ...  It  is  a  book  to 
make  a  kind  man's  eye  spaikle  beniirnautly." — Lon.  Examiner. 

"A  woman  of  whom  her  country  may  justly  be  proud,  and 
whose  name  may  well  be  enrolled  among  the  benefactors  of  the 
human  lace." — British  Critic. 

2.  Memoirs  of.  by  Rev.  T.  Timpson,1846,  12mo;  2d  ed., 
1S47;  3d  ed.,  1853.  3.  Life  of,  compiled  from  her  Journal, 
by  Susannah  Corder,  1853,  Svo. 

Lady  Holland  gives  us  an  interesting  extract  from  a 
sermon  preached  by  her  father,  the  late  Rev.  Sydney 
Smith,  after  visiting  Newgate  with  Mrs.  Fry : 

''Indeed  the  subject  of  imprisonment  occupied  bis  mind  so 
much,  that  during  a  visit  to  town,  having  been  much  interested 
by  the  account  of  Mrs.  Fry's  benevolent  exertions  in  prison,  he 
requested  permission  to  accompany  her  to  Newgate;  aud  I  have 
heard  him  say  he  never  felt  more  deeply  affected  or  impressed  than 
by  the  beautiful  spectacle  he  there  witnessed:  it  made  him,  he 
said,  weep  like  a  child.  In  a  sermon  he  preached  shortly  after,  he 
introduced  the  follnwing  pasfji^e  : 

"'There  is  a  spechicle  which  this  town  now  exhibits,  that  I  will 
venture  to  call  the  most  solemn,  the  most  Christian,  the  most  affect^ 
ing,  which  any  human  being  ever  witnessed.  To  see  tliat  holy  wo- 
man in  the  midst  of  the  wretched  prisoners,  to  see  them  all  calling 
earnestly  upon  God,  soothed  by  her  voice,  animated  by  her  look, 
clinging  to  the  hem  of  her  garment;  and  worshipping  her  as  the 
only  being  who  has  ever  loved  them,  or  taught  them,  or  noticed 
them,  or  spoken  to  them  of  God!  This  is  the  sight  which  breaks 
down  the  pageant  of  the  world;  which  tells  us  that  the  short  hour 
of  life  is  passing  away,  aud  that  we  must  prepare  by  some  good 
deeds  to  meet  God;  that  it  is  time  to  give,  to  pray,  to  comfort; 
to  go,  like  this  blessed  woman,  and  do  the  work  of  our  heavenly 
Saviour,  .Jesus,  among  the  guilty,  among  the  broken-hearted,  and 
the  sick,  and  to  labour  in  the  deepest  and  darkest  wretchedness 
oMife.'" 

Fry,  H.  P.  1.  System  of  Penal  Discipline,  Lon.,  Svo. 
2.  Apostolic  Succession,  1844,  Svo. 

'•We  regard  this  work  as  a  great  curiosity;  it  is  far  the  best  trear 
tisethat  has  come  under  our  notice,  from  the  Traetarian  school,  on 
these  very  difficult  subjects;  full  of  Icirning  and  information  of 
the  riLiht  kind." — Church  of  Eng.  Quar.  Bev. 

Fry,  J.  Reese,  a  journalist  of  Philadelphia.  The 
Life  of  General  Zachary  Taylor,  by  J.  R.  F.  and  Robert  T. 
Conrad.  Phila.,  12mo. 

''On  the  whole,  we  are  satisfied  that  this  volume  is  the  most  cor- 
rect and  comprehensive  life  yet  published."— i/«Ji('i-  McTcfianCt 
Mag. 

Fry,  James.     Sorm.,  Lon.,  1789,  Svo. 

Fry,  John,  M.P.  I.  The  Accuser  Shamed.  Lon..  1648. 
2.  The  Clergy  in  their  Colovrs;   or,  a  brief  character  of 


FRY 


FUL 


tlioni,  1650,  ISmo.  Both  ordered  to  be  burned  bj  the 
.Sheriffs  of  Loudon  and  Middlesex.  3.  Divine  Beams  of 
Glorious  Li^bt,  1651,  4to. 

Fry*  John.  Marriage  between  near  kindred^  Lon., 
1750.  '7'A.  .Svo. 

Fry,  John.  Seloc.  from  Thos.  Carew's  Poet.  Works, 
with  a  Life  and  Notes,  Lon.,  1810,  8vo.  2.  The  Legend 
of  Marv,  Queen  of  Scots,  and  other  Ancient  Poems  from 
MSS.  of  Ihe  1 6th  Century,  1804,  4to  and  8vo. 

Fry,  John,  llectur  of  Desford,  brother  of  Caroline  Fry, 
afterwards  Mrs.  Wilson.  1.  Canticles,  or  Song  of  Solomon  j 
a  new  Trans.,  Lon.,  1811,  8vo ;  2d  ed.,  1826. 

*•  In  this  publication  the  author's  plan  is  tirst  to  give  an  accurate 
translation  of  the  Soufi  of  Solomon,  and  to  show  the  nature  and 
dysij^n  of  tin-  liook.  He  has  availed  himself  of  the  labours  of  pre- 
vious traiistatois,  especially  Bishop  I'ercy  andDr.  J.  M.Good;  after 
the  lattt-r  of  whom  he  considers  the  iSong  of  Solomon  as  a  collec- 
tion of  idyls  or  little  poems,  which  are  desitjned  for  instruction  and 
edilicatioo  in  the  mysteries  of  our  holy  reliL'ion.  Thoui^h  the 
translitor  has  taken  much  pains  in  consultiui^  other  writers,  his 
work  bears  ample  testimony  that  he  has  not  servilely  fnllowed 
them,  but  has  evidently  thnuj^ht  for  himself." — Home's  liihl.  Bib. 

2.  The  Sick  Man's  Friend,  Leicester,  1814,  8vo.  3.  Pre- 
sent for  the  Convalescent,  12mo.  4.  Lcct.,  Esidan.  and 
Prac,  on  Komans,  1816,  8vo;  1825. 

"  Althou^'h  the  writer  of  these  remarks  can  hy  no  means  agree 
with  Mr.  F.  in  his  doctrinal  views,  he  cheerfully  adds  that  it  is 
almost  impossible  to  peruse  a  single  lecture  without  being  deeply 
impressed  with  the  important  praclifal  considerations  which  are 
earnestly  urged  upon  the  reader's  attention." — IIorxe. 

"  Devotional  and  practical." — Bickerst elk's  Christtan  Studeiit. 

5.  Lyra  Davidis;  or,  a  New  Trans,  and.  Expos,  of  the 
Psalms,  on  the  principles  of  Bishop  Uorsley,  Lon.,  1S19, 
8vo;  2d  ed.,  1842. 

■'  The  love  of  system  or  hypothesis  is  carried  to  the  utmost  len^ith. 
Mr.  Fry  is  a  Hutchinsonian  or  Uorsleyan,  to  the  very  core.  The 
Psalms  are  not  translated,  but  traveslied.  The  opinion  or  system 
of  the  translator  rather  than  a  ver.sion  of  the  Psalms,  is  constantly 
obtruded  on  us.  The  utmost  violence  is  often  done  to  the  mean- 
ing of  words,  to  the  construction  of  sentences,  and  to  the  design 
of  the  inspired  writer,  in  order  to  support  a  useless  and  nni^rounded 
hypothesis.  The  book  contains  leaiuiug,  and  is  also  orthodox:  but 
is  on  the  whole  an  indifferent  performance.'' — Orme's  Bthl.  Bib. 

''It  is  subject  to  the  same  defects  which  characterize  all  those 
interpreters  of  the  Book  of  Psalms  who  expound  them  wholly  of 
the  Messiah." — HoiTie's  Bibl.  Bib. 

"On  the  plan  of  Bp.  Uorsley  and  Mr.  Allix,  but  much  farther 
extended  than  Uorsley.  or  perhaps  than  he  justly  maintained.  .  .  . 
I  have  found  this  work  throw  much  light  on  the  I'siluis." — BicK- 

ERSTETH. 

6.  The  Second  Advent,  1822.  2  vols.  Svo. 

"There  is  scarce  a  prophecy  in  the  Old  Testament  concerning 
Christ  which  doth  not,  in  something  or  other,  relate  to  hi.s  second 
coming." — Sir  Isaac  N'ewtox. 

''Fry's  work  on  the  Second  Advent  is  designed  purposely  to 
bring  the  prophecies  together  on  this  subject,  and  to  illustrate 

them." — ElCKERSTETH. 

"It  is  generally  allowed  to  be  an  admh-able  work." — XowJ7irf«*s 
Brit.  Lib. 

7.  A  Short  Hist,  of  the  Christian  Church,  1825,  Svo.  An 
excellent  work,  on  the  plau  of  MiUier's  History. 

"  In  Fry's  History  we  have  in  one  volume  a  history  of  the  church 
at  large:  but  we  yet  want,  in  a  single  volume,  a  history  of  the 
church  in  our  country  to  the  present  time."— Bickersteth. 

This  want  has  since  been  supplied.  Sec  Baxter,  John  A. 

8.  A  New  Trans,  and  Expos,  of  the  Eook  of  Job,  1827,  Svo. 
"Opposing  the  rationalists." — Bicker. \tc.lli's  Chri&lian  StiaUnt. 

9.  Observ.  on  the  Unfulfilled  Prophecies  of  Scripture, 
1S38,  Svo. 

"A  most  interesting  volume."— Pres6i/('^r/on  Rev. 

"  Many  valuable  thoughts  in  this  work." — Bicker&tWis  Christian 
Studmt. 

Fry,  John.  1.  Cat.  of  Valuable  Old  Books,  including 
several  Specimens  of  Early  Printing,  Bristol,  1814.  2.  Bib- 
liographical Memoranda;  in  Illustration  of  Early  Eng. 
Lit.,  1816,  sm.  4to.  Only  ninety-nine  printed,  at  £3  13s.  6rf. 
Some  very  silly  remarks  occur  on  pages  85,  86. 

Fry,  Richard.     Serms..  Lon..  1795,  '99,  Svo. 

Kry,  Sainuol.     Serms..  Lon..  1745,  '56,  '59,  8vo. 

Fry,  Kev.  Thomas.  The  Guardian  of  Public  Credit; 
a  new  System  of  Finance,  Lon.,  1797,  Svo. 

Fry,  Thomas,  Rector  of  Emberton,  Bucks.  Funl. 
Serm.  on  Mrs.  J.  S.  Stevens,  Camb.,  1832,  Svo. 

Fry,  Wm.  New  Vocabulary  of  the  most  difficult 
Words  in  the  Eng.  Lan.,  Lon.,  1784.  12mo. 

Fry,  Wm.  H.  Complete  Treat,  on  Artificial  Fish- 
Breeding.  Lon.,  1854,  p.  Svo.  AVc  have  here  the  substance 
of  four  French  and  three  English  books,  and  trans,  of 
French  reports  on  this  interesting  subject. 

"The  discovery  of  artificial  fish  culture  claims  to  show  how,  at 
little  c;irf  and  little  cost,  barren  or  impoverished  streams  may  be 
stocked  toan  unlimited  extent  withthe  rarest  and  most  valuable 
breeds  of  fish,  from  ezgs  artificinlly  procured,  impregnated,  aud 
hatched."— ^'f^'tfcZ/rfWi  Preface. 

See  copious  extracts  in  Boston  Living  Age,  vol,  xliv., 
pp.  21-;i0. 


Fryc,  C.  B.     Cutting  for  the  Stone,  Lon.,  ISll,  Svo. 

Fryer,  Henry,  Surgeon.  Con.  to  Med.  Facts,  1797, 
1800;  to  Trans.  Med.  and  Chir.,  ISOD. 

Fryer,  John,  M.D.  New  Account  of  East  India  and 
Persia;  being  nine  years'  travels,  1672-81,  with  cuts, 
Lon.,  1698,  fol. 

"  Contitins  many  curious  particulars  respecting  the  Natural  His- 
tory and  Medicine  of  these  countries." — Bibl.  Brit, 

Fryth,  John.     See  Fitirn. 

Fulbeck,  or  Fiilbecke,  >Vm.,  b.  in  Lincoln  in  1560, 
educated  at  St.  Alban  Hall,  and  Corpus  Christi  Coll.,  Oxf., 
removed  to  Gray's  Inn,  and  became  learned  in  the  law. 
1.  Christian  Ethics,  Lon.,  1587.  Svo.  2,  Factions.  Ae.  of 
the  Romans  and  Italians,  1600,  '01,  4to.  3.  A  Direction  or 
Preparatiue  to  the  Study  of  the  Lawe,  1000-20,  Svo.  By 
T.  H.  Stirling,  1829,  Svo. 

"  Sir  Tho.  Kgerton.  Lord  Chancellor,  publickly  declared  on  the 
bench,  'That  he  did  never  read  any  book  of  this  subject  that  bet- 
ter pleased  him  for  stile  and  method.'  Hie  auribus  audivi.  T  [ho] 
8  [andersouj  Line,  llosp.,  1000." — MS.  Note:  see  Lowndes's  Uibl. 
Man. 

4,  A  Parallele  or  Conference  of  the  Civill  Law,  the  Ca- 
non Law,  and  the  Common  Law  of  this  Realme  of  Eng- 
land. Digested  in  sundry  Dialogues,  1601-02,  two  parts, 
sm.  4to. 

"  But  this  book  lying  dead  on  the  bookseller's  hands,  he  put  a 
new  title  to  the  first  part,  as  if  the  whole  had  been  leprinted  at 
London.  Itds,  but  to  the  second  not,  leaving  the  old  title  bearing 
date  ltio2." — Atlifn.  Oron. 

5.  The  Pandects  of  the  Law  of  Nations,  1G02,  sm.  4to. 
6.  Abridgt.  of  lloman  Histories,  1608,  4to. 

"A  neglected  but  ingenious  writer."~IIvRoiiAVE. t»  citing No.^. 

Fulcher,  G.  W.  L  Pout.  Miscell.,  Lon.,  1842,  '53, 
32mo.  2.  Village  Paupers,  and  other  Poems,  2ii  ed.,  1846, 
fp.  Svo.     New  ed.,  1S53. 

"  Had  Gn]d?mith  live<l  in  these  days,  he  would  have  written 
The  Aiilage  Paupers;  it  is  Goldsmith  Redivivus." — Hood's  Mag. 

"There  is  no  exag'.'cration,  no  striving  at  efi'ect.  in  this  quiet 
poem,  which  is  much  in  Crabbe's  style;  but  the  unaffert.-d  re;dity 
of  the  thing  renders  it  most  heartrreuding." — Chai-loUe.  Elizabeth's 
Christian  Lai.hfs  M-ig. 

3.  Farmer's  Dav-Bo«.k,  6th  ed.,  1S54,  4to.  4.  Ladies 
Mem.  Book  and  Poet.  Miscell.  for  1853,  1852,  roan,  tuck. 

Fulco,  Wm.     See  Fi  lke. 

Fuilbril,  Francis,  D.D.,  formerly  Rector  of  Trow- 
bridge. Wilts  :  Bishoj)  uf  Montreal,  1850.  1.  Plain  Serms. 
on  the  Ch.  of  Eng..  Lon..  1837-40.  2  vols.  Svo.  2.  Pro- 
gress of  the  Reformation  in  Eng.,  1841,  18mo. 

FuUbnl,  Wm,     See  Fulwoop.  AVm. 

Fnlham,  John.     Serm.,  1749.  Svo. 

Fulhame,31rs.  Essay  on  Combust  inn,  Lon.,  17 04, Svo. 

Fulko.     See  Grevillk. 

Fulke,  Wm.,  D.D.,  d.  1589.  an  eminent  Puritan  di- 
vine, a  native  of  Loudon,  educated  at  and  Fellow  (1564) 
of  St.  John's  Coll.,  Camb. ;  Rector  of  Warley,  Essex,  1571 ; 
soon  after  Rector  of  Keddingtnn,  Suffolk.  He  was  subse- 
quently Master  of  Pembroke  Hall,  and  Margaret  Prof,  of 
Divinity.  1.  A  Goodly  Gallerye,  Lon.,  1563,  lOmo.  With 
new  title-page,  1571.  Refers  to  meteors.  2.  The  Philo- 
sopher's Game.  This  is  a  treatise  on  Chess.  Lowndes 
ascribes  these  two  works  to  another  Wm.  Fulke.  3.  As- 
trologorum  ludus.  Played  after  the  manner  of  Cliess,  but 
with  seven  pieces  representing  the  seven  planets,  4.  Serms., 
1571.  5.  Pradectionesin  Apoealypsium,  1573,  4to.  In  Eng- 
lish by  George  Gyffard  .^r  Gyfford,  1573.  4to.  (>.  The  Test 
of  the  N.  Tost.,  translated  out  of  the  Vulgar  Latin  by  the 
Papists  of  the  traitorous  seminarie  at  Rheims.  Whereunto 
is  added  the  translation  out  uf  the  original  Greek,  com- 
monly used  in  the  Church  of  England;  with  a  confutation 
of  all  such  arguments,  glo.=ses,  and  annotations  as  contain 
manifest  impietie,  heresy,  treason  and  slander  against  tho 
Catholic  Church  of  God,  and  the  true  teachers  thereof,  or 
the  translations  used  in  the  Church  of  England,  1580, 
'89,  1601.  fol.  And  in  11117  and  1G33,  fol.,  with  a  defence 
of  the  English  trans,  of  the  Scriptures,  against  Gregorie 
Martin,  This  last  piece  was  repiib.  by  the  Parker  Society, 
edited  by  the  Rev.  C.  H.  Ilartshorne,  Camb.,  1843,  Svo; 
and  the  same  society  repub.  Martiall's  Reply,  edited  by 
the  Rev.  Richard  Gibbing.s  1848,  Svo. 

Fulke's  Text  of  the  N.  Test.,  &c.  is  an  invaluable  as- 
sistant to  the  Protestant  divine: 

'^  This  work  may  be  said  to  imbody  the  whole  popish  controversy 
respei-tius  the  Scriptures.  And  as  it  gives  in  parallel  columns 
the  Khemish  translation  of  the  Vulgate,  and  the  Bishops' Transla- 
tion, it  enables  the  reader  to  make  an  easy  ccmi  arison  of  their 
respective  merits.  At  the  end  of  the  voUuue  is  an  elaborate  da- 
fence  of  the  English  translations  of  the  S..'riptures  against  Gregory 
Martin,  which  contains  much  curious  and  learned  information. 
Fulke  was  a  very  able  man,  and  his  work  is  entitled  to  a  place  id 
every  critical  library.  Mr.  [Charles]  Uutler,  though  a  Catholic, 
very  candidly  recommends  it  as  very  curious  aud  deseiving  of  afc 
iention:'—Oi-mc'$  Bibl.  Bib. 

Dm. 


FUL 


TVe  may  add  that  the  learned  Mr.  Butler  was  dissatisfied 
with  the  "  Douay  Bible."     He  remarks  : 

"Still  tbe  version  is  imperfect :  a  more  correct  version  is.  per- 
h.ips,  at  present,  tlie  greatest  spiritual  want  of  the  Knglish 
Catholics." 

"That  late  elegant  scholar  and  pious  divine,  the  Rev.  .lames 
Hervey,  (though  sometimL'S  rather  too  candid  and  indiscriminate 
in  his  public  recommendations  of  books.)  passed  the  follnwiug 
very  just  encomium  on  Dr.  Fulke's  noble  performance: — He  styles 
it  'a  valuable  piece  of  autient  controversy  and  criticism,  full  of 
sound  divinity,  wei!{hty  arguments,  and  important  observations  ;' 
adding,—'  would  the  young  student  be  tauglit  to  discover  the  very 
sinews  of  popery,  and  be  tnabled  to  give  an  effectual  blow  to  that 
couiplicalion  of  errors,  I  scarce  know  a  treatise  better  calculated 
for  the  purpose.'  "—ffonu-'s  Bibl.  Bib. 

See  Home's  Introduction  for  an  account  of  the  contro- 
versy connected  with  this  version. 

"  A  very  complete  reply  to  the  Romanists'  notes."— Bictcrsleth  s 
Chris.  Stu. 

Thomas  Cartwright,  q.  v..  also  wrote  a  Confutation  of 
the  Rhemish  Translation,  ic,  1618,  fol.  Fulke  wrote 
several  other  works,  iirincipally  against  the  Church  of 

Fuilager,  John.    1.  Religion.    2.  Doctrine,  Ac,  1801, 

Fiillarton,  Col.  1.  Agricult.  of  Ayr,  Edin.,  179.3,  4to. 

'■  One  of  the  best  of  the  Scotch  surveys."— />.«iaWs»«'s  Agricult. 
Biog. 

2.  Lett,  on  Torture,  1806,  4to. 

Fullarton,  John.  The  Turtle-Dove,  Ac.  By  a  Lover 
of  the  Celestiall  Musos,  Edin.,  166i,  sm.  8vo. 

'■  Chielly  composed  iu  verse,  but  of  no  very  elevated  character." 
^Lowutks's  BibL  Man. 

Marked  in  a  bookseller's  cat.,  about  18.34,  £5  5s. 

Fullarton,  John.  On  the  Regulation  of  Currencies, 
Lon.,  1844,  Svo ;  2d  ed.,  1845. 

"  The  volume  is  one  of  great  merit,  and  ought  to  be  in  the  hands 
of  all  who  interest  themselves  in  the  subject.  It  is  one  of  the 
ablest  which  the  discussions  of  Sir  Robert  Peel's  Bank  Bill  havo 
produced." — Scotsman. 

"  With  the  single  exception  of  the  '  Histoiy  of  Prices,'  no  work 
has  appeared  so  well  calculated  to  suggest  important  reflections 
and  considerations  on  these  subjects,  or  which  will  so  amply  repay 
the  trouble  of  a  careful  perusal."- ion.  Ecrmmiist. 

Fullarton,  Wm.  1.  English  Interests  in  India  and 
Military  Operations  in  the  Southern  part  of  the  Peninsula 
in  178'2-84,  Lon.,  1787.  8vo.  2.  Letter  to  Lord  C,  1801, 
Svo.     ?..  Trinidad,  1804,  4to.     4.  Ans.  to  Picton,  1805,  4to. 

Fuller,  Andrew,  1754—1815,  an  eminent  Baptist 
minister,  a  native  of  Wicken,  Cambridgeshire,  was  settled 
for  a  short  time  at  Soham.  and  afterwards  removed  to 
Kettering,  whore  he  resided  until  his  death.  The  works 
of  this  excellent  man  are  greatly  esteemed.  We  notice 
the  principal :  1.  The  Calvinistical  and  Socinian  Systems 
e.xamined  and  compared  as  to  their  Moral  Tendency, 
1794,  '96,  1802,  Svo.  Repub.  as  No.  18  of  Ward's  Lib.  of 
Standard  Divinity. 

"  A  highly  valuable  publication  for  the  author's  masterly  defence 
of  the  doctrines  of  Christianity,  and  his  acute  refutation  of  the  op- 
posite erna-s." — Wm.  Wilderforce,  M.P. 

"A  most  valuable  work,  with  much  power  of  reasoning  and 
unction  of  spirit." — Bv:ht;rsteth^s  Chris.  Hlit. 

2.  Socinianism  Indefensible.  In  reply  to  Toulmin  and 
Kentish.  3.  The  Gospel  its  own  Witness,  1799-1800,  Svo. 
"Convince  him  [the  infidel]  of  sin,  there  is  an  end  of  his  infi- 
delity, root  and  branch.  .  .  .  Fuller  in  hisGospel  its  own  Witness 
has  pursued  this  train  of  ai-gument,  and  made  the  infidel  feel  the 
point  of  the  two-edged  sword." — BiclcrstetlCs  C/tris.  S(u. 

4.  Memoirs  of  Rev.  S.  Pearco,  1800,  Svo. 
"  This  is  an  interesting  piece  of  biography." — Dr.  E.  Willictms's 

Christian  Preacher. 

5.  The  Backslider,  ISOl,  Svo.  Now  ed.,  with  Pref.  by 
the  Rev.  J.  A.  James,  1840,  ISino;  1847,  24mo.  B.  View 
of  Religions,  by  Haun.ah  Adams,  with  addits.,  1805,  Svo. 
The  3d  Lon.  edit,  with  the  improvements  of  (he  4th  Amcr. 
ed.,  and  many  new  Articles  and  Corrections  throughout, 
of  Miss  Adams's  excellent  work,  was  pub.  in  1823,  Svo; 
edited  by  T.  William.s,  with  addits.  and  reflections.  7. 
Thornton  Abbey;  being  Religious  Letters  by  Mr.  John 
Satchell,  1806,  3  vols.  12mo.  8.  Dialogues,  Letters,  and 
Essays  on  various  Subjects,  1806,  12mo.  9.  E.'jpos.  Dis- 
courses [58]  on  Genesis,  1806,  2  vols.  Svo. 

"  Chiefly  intended  for  family  use."— WlLLLOls. 

"  His  discourses  are  not  critical,  (for  he  was  mostly  a  self-taught 
man.)  but  they  are  shrewd,  instructive,  and  touching.  He  seizes 
the  principal  points  of  the  passage,  and  often  illustrates  them  very 
happily.— Ormc's  DiU.  Bib. 

"  Rliich  originality  of  critical  remark  must  not  be  expected,  nor 
must  the  reader  be  surprised  if  he  often  meet  with  a  trite  and  ob- 
vious reflection;  but  we  will  venture  to  promise  him.  much  more 
frequently,  a  manly,  judicious,  and  useful  train  of  observation, 
expressed  in  simple  and  vigorous  language." — Lon.  Eclectic  Rev., 
O.  S.,  2d  Pt.,  ii.  896. 

"  Judicious,  evangelical,  and  practical." — BicJ^crsteth^s  CJiris.  Stu. 

"The  author  selects  a  paragraph  of  convenient  length,  and  fur- 


FUL 

nishes  a  concise  exposition  of  its  leading  circumstances,  accom- 
panied with  a  few  practical  reflections." 

"  Those  who  have  Fuller  and  Bush,  with  a  prayerful  mind,  have 
every  aid  they  can  desire  in  the  study  of  this  book."— i&n.  Evan- 
ad.  Mot/". 

'  '-The  author  of  this  work  has  lone;  been  known  by  his  able 
publications  on  the  absurdity  of  deism,  and  the  immoral  tendency 
of  Socinian  tenets."— Borne' s  Bibl.  Bib. 

Serms.  on  various  subjects,  1814,  Svo. 


10. 


-Lowndes's  Bihl. 


These  sermons  are  much  valued  by  Baptists.'' 
Man. 

11.  Expos.  Discourses  on  the  Apocalypse,  1815,  Svo. 
"There  is.  however,  but  little  novelty  in  the  work,  but  little  to 

gratify  the  anxious  curiosity  of  the  age.  or  to  elucidate  the  unful- 
filled and  uinre  difficult  parts  of  the  Revelation.  The  general  outline 
of  the  prophetic  scheme  is  boldly  sketched,  and  its  various  ramiti- 
cations  are  marked  with  that  precision  which  was  common  to  the 
writer;  but  iu  general  there  is  an  extreme  of  modesty  and  diffi- 
dence, with  scarcely  any  attempts  to  pass  the  usual  boundaries  of 
thought  on  these  subjects,  or  any  adventurous  flight  of  specula- 
tion."—jtforn's's  Memoirs  nf  Mr.  Fuller,  where  see  (pp.  200-260)  an 
abstract  of  F.'s  scheme  of  the  Apocalypse. 

"  His  Genesis  is  superior  to  the  Apocalypse ;  for  the  exposition 
ofwhichhehad  neither  sufficient  reading  nor  leisure."— Ormis's 
Bibl.  Bib. 

12.  The  Harmony  of  Scripture;  or,  re  attempt  to  recon- 
cile various  Passages  apparently  contradictory,  1817,  Svo. 
Posth. 

"The  Harmony  contains  some  judicious  observations  on  fifty- 
five  passages,  written  originally  for  the  use  of  a  private  friend."— 
Orme''s  Bibl.  Bib. 

In  1815,  Svo.  Mr.  J.  W.  Morris  pub.  Memoirs  of  the  Life 
and  Writings  of  Andrew  Fuller.  A  memoir  by  the  author'? 
son,  Andrew  Gunton  Fuller,  is  prefixed  to  the  complete 
edit,  of  the  former's  Works,  1831-32,  5  vols.  Svo.  There 
have  been  also  eds.  of  his  Complete  Works,  1838,  imp.  Svo; 
1840,  imp.  Svo;  1S45,  imp.  Svo;  1852,  imp.  Svo;  1853, 
imp.  Svo.  There  is  also  an  e.Kcellent  ed.,  in  3  vols.  Svo, 
pub.  by  the  Baptist  Publication  Society  of  Phila.,  edited 
by  the  Rev.  Joseph  Belcher,  well  known  as  the  editor  and 
author  of  many  vnluahle  works.  See  the  name  in  this 
Dictionary.  Principal  AVorks,  with  a  Mem.  by  his  sou, 
Bohn's  Standard  Lib.,  1852,  p.  Svo.  Reports  of  his  serms. 
and  a  number  of  his  treatises  have  been  repub.  from  time 
to  time.  We  conclude  with  some  testimonies  from  eminent 
authorities  to  the  value  of  this  able  writer  and  truly  ex- 
emplary man : 

"  I  am  sluwly  reading  Andrew  Fuller's  works.  He  was  an  inte- 
resting man;  oneof  the  wisest  and  most  moral-minded  of  his  day. 
He  possessed  wonderful  strength  of  mind;  and  is  an  instance  how 
Providence  can  draw  forth  instruments  from  the  most  unlikely 
quarters."— Bishop  .Tebb. 

*'  A  biographer  of  Fuller  has  justly  remarked  of  him,  that  he 
thought  with  Owen,  and  wrote  with  the  pointed  pen  of  Baxter." 
—  Orme's  Bibl.  Bib. 

*'  He  was  a  writer  among  the  Baptists,  but  of  the  same  good 
school  of  divinity  as  Scott.  With  a  lively  imagination  and  all  the 
powers  of  a  masculine  mind,  he  maintains  the  distinguishing  doc- 
trines of  the  gospel,  and  insists  on  its  practical  holiness.'' — Bich- 
erstctb's  Chris.  Stu. 

'■The  Kev.  Andrew  Fuller  has  been  styled  by  the  Americans. 
*The  Franklin  of  Theologv  ;'  and  it  is  said  of  him.  that  all  his 
writings  bear  the  powerful  stamp  of  a  mind  which,  for  native 
vigour,  original  research,  logical  acumen,  profound  knowledge  of 
the  human  heart,  and  intimate  acquaintance  with  the  Scriptures, 
has  had  no  rival  since  the  days  of  President  Edwards." 

"■  Coming  on  to  modern  theological  writers,  I  recommend  you  to 
familiarize  yourselves  with  the  works  of  the  acute,  the  philosophi- 
cal, the  profound,  the  pious,  Jonathan  Edwards,  and  those  of 
Audrtrw  Fuller.  I  know  nothing  like  the  latter  for  a  beautiful 
conibin.atiou  of  doctrinal,  practical,  and  experimental  religion."— 
Cbunscls  to  Students  of  Theoloyy  on  leaving  College,  by  John  Angell 

The  same  author  also  remarks  : 

'■  Did  our  students  and  young  ministers,  yes,  and  old  ones  too, 
know  the  almost  inexhaustible  mine  of  truth  in  his  works,  not 
one  that  could  afford  to  purchase  them  would  be  without  them. 
They  contain  the  most  entire  union  of  sound  Calvinistic  divinity 
of  the  moderate  school.  Christian  ethics  and  religious  experience, 
not  even  excepting  the  works  of  President  Edwards,  in  the  Eng- 
lish language." 

''  Fuller  was  a  man  who.se  sagacity  enabled  him  to  penetrate  to 
the  depths  of  every  subject  he  explored;  whose  conceptions  were 
so  powerful  and  luminous,  that  what  was  recondite  and  original 
appeared  familiar :  what  was  intricate,  easy  and  perspicuous  in 
his  hands ;  equally  successful  in  enforcing  the  practical,  in  stating 
the  theoretical,  aiid  iu  discussing  the  polemical  branches  ol  theo- 
logv."— Robert  Hai.i.. 

Fuller,  Anne.     Novels,  17S7-89. 

Fuller,  Frances  A.,  b.  in  Mourocville,  Ohio,  about 
1826,  has  gained  some  reputation  as  author  of  a  number 
of  fugitive  pieces  in  prose  and  verse.  The  poem  entitled 
*' A  Keverv"  possesses  decided  merit. 

Fuller,  Metta  Victoria,  younger  sister  to  the  pre- 
ceding, is  belter  known  by  the  rather  fanciful  title  of 
"Singing  Sibyl."  Of  her  poetical  compositions,  "Mid- 
night" and  "The  Silent  Ship"  may  be  instanced  as  pieces 
of  great  beauty.  1.  Poems  of  Sentiment.  N.  York,  12mo. 
2,  Fresh  Leaves  from   western  Woods,  Buffalo  and  New 


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York,  1852,  12mo.  3.  The  Senator's  Son;  or,  The  Maine 
Law  a  Last  Refuge,  Cleveland.  12mo.  An  excellent 
title,  conveying  an  important  truth.  But  why  should 
not  the  ''Maine  Law"  be  the  first  safeguard  instead  of 
the  'Mast  refuge"?  4.  Fashionable  Dissipation,  Phila., 
1854,  12mo. 

Fuller,  Francis,  d.  1701,  aged  64,  a  Nonconformist 
divine,  curate  of  M^irksworth,  near  Banbury,  after  lf)62, 
when  he  was  ejected,  preached  in  various  places.  1.  8erm., 
Lon.,  Itt96,  4to.  2.  8erm..  IT'Ht,  12mo.  3.  Medicina  (iym- 
nastica,  1704,  8vo.  Many  eds.  By  sume  ascribed  to 
Thomas  Fuller,  M.D. 

Fnller,  H.  \V.,  M.D.,  Assist.  Phys.   to  St.  George's  I 
Uosp.,   Loudon.      On    Rheumatism,   Gout,   and   Sciatica, 
Lon.,  1852,  8vo;  N.  York,  Svo. 

"Wft  woulfl  prtrticuliirly  rt^^ouimend  a  careful  peinisal  of  Dr. 
Fullor's  pages."— 7i"".  LavcH. 

Fuller,  Hiram,  a  native  of  Plymouth  county,  Mass., 
publisher  and  editur  of  The  New  York  Mirror  fur  fourteen 
years,  pub.  The  Groton  Letters  in  1816,  and  in  1858  gave 
to  the  world  a  series  of  lively  letters,  entitled  Belle  Brit- 
tan,  collected  into  a  volume, — the  first  edition  of  which 
was  cxl^austed  in  a  few  weeks. 

Fuller,  Ignatius,     Three  Serms.,  Lon.,  1672,  Svo. 

Fuller,  J.     Views  in  Ireland,  Lon.,  1815. 

Fuller,  John.     Serm.,  1681,  4to. 

Fuller,  John.  Con.  on  nat.  philos.,  Ac.  to  Phil. 
Trans.,  1704,  '.-'.S. 

Fuller,  John,  M.D.  1.  Recov.  of  the  Drowne.l,  Lon., 
1785,  8vo.  2.  Hist,  of  Berwick-upon-Tweed,  Edin.,  17t*it, 
8vo. 

Fuller,  John.     The  Teeth,  3d  ed..  1813.  Svo. 

Fuller,  Nicholas,  of  Gray's  Inn.  Argument,  proving 
that  Eccles.  Commissiuners  have  no  power  to  imprison, 
mulct.  Ac.  11107,  '41,  '74,  4to. 

Fuller,  Nicholas,  1557-1622,  a  native  of  Southamp- 
ton, educated  at  Hart  Hall.  Oxf.,  became  Rector  of  Ailing- 
ton,  Wiltshire,  Preb.  of  Salisbury,  and  Rector  of  Bishop- 
Waltbam,  Hampshire.  Miscellanea  Theolugica,  lib.  iii., 
Heidelb.,  1612,  Svo.  Pub.  with  a  4th  bo'.k,  Oxou.,  1616, 
4to;  Lon.,  1617,  4to.  Pub.,  with  5tb  and  6th  bouk.s— Mis- 
cellanea Sacra,  cum  Apologia  coutra  V.  cl.  Johau  Dru- 
sium,  Lugd.  Bat.,  1622,  4to.     Leyd,  1650,  4to. 

"  All  which  Miscellanies  are  remitted  into  the  ninth  vol.  of  the 
Critics,  [Critica  Sacra.]  and  scattered  and  dispersed  through  the 
whole  work  of  M.  Pool's  Syunpsis.'" — Athen.  Oxun. 

"  The  author  was  one  of  the  best  oriental  scholars  of  his  time. 
The  six  books  of  the  Miscellanea  include  a  cousiderable  number 
of  curious  and  important  di.scussions." — Ormc's  B,bl.  Bib. 

"  Urusius,  the  BelM:iau  critic,  ^'rown  old,  angry,  and  jealous  that 
he  should  be  outshined  in  his  own  sphere,  foully  cast  some  drops 
of  ink  upon  him,  which  the  other  as  fairly  wiped  off  again." — 
FuJkr's  Worthier  of  Hampshire. 

Fuller  had  never  even  seen  the  books  of  Drusius. 

'•  Nicholas  Fuller,  the  most  admired  critic  of  his  time."— J^^ico. 
O.rorj.  See  Bliss's  ed.  for  a  notice  of  some  other  works  of  this 
author. 

Fuller,  Richard,  b.  1808,  at  Beaufort,  S.  Carolina, 
an  eminent  Baptist  minister,  was  formerly  one  of  the  most 
prominent  lawyers  of  his  native  State.  He  has  been  in  the 
ministry  for  many  years,  and  since  1847  has  been  con- 
nected with  the  Seventh  Baptist  Church  in  Baltimore. 
1.  Corresp.  with  Bishop  England  concerning  the  Roman 
Chancery,  Bait.,  12mo.  2.  Corresp.  with  Dr.  Wayland. 
3.  Serms.  4.  Letters.  5.  An  Argument  on  Baptist  and 
close  Communion,  Richmond,  1849,  12mo.  6.  The  Psalmist, 
with  Supp.  by  R.  F.,  and  J.  B.  Jeter,  Best,  various  sizes. 
This  hymn-book  is  in  general  use  among  the  Baptists  in 
the  U.  States,  and  has  been  introduced  into  the  British 
Provinces  and  London. 
Fuller,  S.  Margaret.  See  Ossoli,  Marchesa  d'. 
Fuller,  Samuel.  1.  Serm.,  1682,  4to.  2.  Canonica, 
1690,  4to. 

Fuller,  Stephen.  Jamaica  Acts,  Ac.,  1788,  '89,  4to. 
F'uller,  Thomas,  1608-1661,  a  native  of  Aldwinckle, 
Northamptonshire,  at  the  early  age  of  twelve  entered 
Queen's  Coll.,  Camb.,  and  studied  with  such  perseverance 
that  he  took  the  degree  of  A.B.  in  1624,  and  that  of  A.M. 
in  1628.  In  1631  he  became  Fellow  of  Sidney  Coll.,  and 
in  the  same  year  was  made  Prebendary  of  Salisbury,  after 
astonishing  his  hearers  with  his  eloquence  from  the  pulpit 
of  St.  Bennet's,  Cambridge  :  and  not  long  after  was  re- 
warded by  the  Rectorship  of  Broad-Windsor,  Dorsetshire. 
Upon  the  death  of  his  first  wife,  about  1641,  he  removed 
to  Loudon  and  became  minister  of  the  Savoy.  We  may  here 
mention  that,  after  remaining  a  widower  for  thirteen  years, 
he  was,  in  1654,  married  to  a  sister  of  Viscount  Baltin- 
glasse.  After  Charles  had  quitted  London,  (in  1642,) 
Fuller  preached  a  sermon  in  which  he  displayed  both  his 


FUL 

loyalty  and  the  love  of  pertinent  illustration  which  is  ob- 
servable in  his  works.  To  the  great  indignation  of  the 
Parliamentarians,  he  gave  out  his  text,  *'  Yea,  let  him  take 
all,  so  that  my  lord   the  king   return  in  peace." 

This  sermon  was  published,  and  brought  the  good 
preacher  into  disrepute  with  those  whose  purposes  would 
not  have  been  furthered  by  *'  bringing  the  king  again  in 
peace."  Nothing  daunted,  when  the  Royalists  took  up 
"carnal  weapons"'  to  defend  their  sovereign,  Fuller  joined 
the  army  as  chaplain,  and,  not  content  with  praying  f«r 
the  success  of  his  soldiers,  he  so  excited  their  courage  by 
his  exhortations,  that  Sir  William  Waller  was  obliged  to 
raise  the  siege  of  Basinghouse  with  great  loss.  This  is 
just  what  one  would  expect  from  the  hearty,  vigorous, 
genial  tone  of  the  author  of  the  Worthies  of  England.  As 
regards  its  propriety,  we  are  not  called  upon  to  express  an 
opinion.  After  the  surrender  of  Exeter,  in  April,  1646,  he 
removed  to  London,  where  he  found  his  lecturer's  [ilaee 
filled  by  another  preacher.  ]Iis  eloquence,  however,  was 
too  well  known  to  permit  of  his  being  long  without  em- 
ployment. He  was  soon  chosen  lecturer  at  St.  Clement's 
Lane,  near  Lombard  Street;  removed  to  St,  Bride's  in 
Fleet  Street;  was,  in  1648,  presented  to  the  living  of 
Waltham  in  Essex,  which  he  left  in  1658  for  that  of  Cran- 
ford,  Middlesex;  recovered  his  prebend  at  the  Restora- 
tion, readmitted  to  his  Lectureship  at  the  Savoy,  and 
died  in  the  year  following.  His  principal  works  are  the 
following ; 

1.  I)avid's  Ilainous  Sinne,  Heartie  Repentance,  Heavio 
Punishment;  a  Poem,  1631.  This,  his  first  publication,  a 
tract  of  46  leaves,  is  now  very  rare.  Bindley,  £5  15s.  6d. 
Hjlibert,  same  copy,  £6  6s.  2.  The  Historic  of  the  Holy 
Warre.  Camb.,  16^9,  '40,  '42.  "47,  '51,  f.il.,  with  the  Holy 
State,  1652,  fol.  Holy  Warre,  new  ed.,  Lon.,  1840,  sm.  Svo. 
3.  The  Holy  and  Profane  State;  a  collection  of  Characters, 
Moral  Essays,  and  Lives,  ancient,  foreign,  and  domestic, 
Camb.,  1642,  '48,  '52,  '58,  fol.  New  ed,,  1840,  Lon.,  sm. 
8vo.     By  Jas.  Nichols,  1841,  Svo. 

'■  Perhaps  upon  the  whok-  it  is  the  hest  of  his  works;  and  cer- 
tainly displays  to  better  advantage  than  any,  his  origiuiil  and  vi- 
jj;oroua  powers  of  thinkiug.  It  consists  of  two  parts — the  II"l;j  nnd 
tht'  Pri'finie  Stutf :  the  former  proposinj;  examples  for  our  imitation ; 
and  the  latter  their  opposites,  for  our  abhorrence.  Each  contains 
characters  of  individuals  in  every  department  of  life,  as  •  the  fiither,' 
'  husband,' '  soldier,"  and  '  divine ;'  lives  of  eminent  persons  as  illus- 
trative of  these  characters;  and  general  essays.  In  his  conception 
of  character  he  has  followed  Bishop  Earle  and  Sir  Thomas  Dver- 
bury,  but  his  manner  of  writing  is  essentially  dillereut." — Lon. 
Jtetrosp.  Hrv.,  18iil,  iii.  55. 

The  Holy  State  contains — Lives  of  Monica,  Abraham, 
Eliezer,  Lady  Paula,  Hildegardis,  Paracelsus,  Br.AVhitaker, 
Julius  Scaliger,  Perkins,  Dr.  Metealf,  Sir  Francis  Drake, 
Camden,  Haman,  Cardinal  Wolsey,  C.  Brandon,  Duke  of 
Brandon,  Lord  Burleigh,  Sir  John  Markham,  St.  Augustin, 
Bishop  Ridley,  Lady  Jane  Grey,  Queen  Elizabeth,  Gustu- 
vus  Adolphus,  Edward  the  Black  Prince. 

The  Profane  State  contains — Lives  of  Joan  Queen  of 
Naples,  Joan  of  Arc,  Ctesar  Burgia,  John  Audronicus,  the 
Duke  of  Alva. 

4.  Good  Thoughts  in  Bad  Times,  Exeter,  1645,  12mo; 
Lon.,  1646,  18mo;  1810,  ISmo.  The  first  fruits  of  the 
Exeter  press.  Fuller  t<?lls  us.  5.  Good  Thoughts  in  Worse 
Times,  Lon.,  1640,  16mo;  1647.  6.  Mixt  Contemplations 
in  Better  Times,  1660,  12mo.  A  new  ed.  of  Nos.  4,  5,  and 
6,  in  one  ISmo  vol.,  1830.  Nos.  4  ai\d  5  pub.  together, 
1669,  12mo. 

7.  Audronicus;  or,  the  Unfortunate  Politician,  1649,  Svo. 
"This  is  one  of  the  least-known,  if  not  the  rarest,  of  the  produo- 

tions  of  the  quaint  writer  whose  name  it  bears.  .  .  .  The  subject 
of  this  piece  is  the  usurpation  of  Androuii'us,  an  obscure  portion 
of  the  history  of  the  Eastern  empire  which  the  writei'  has  chosen 
for  the  purpose  of  moralizing  its  facts  and  epigrammatiziug  the 
records  that  remain  concerning  it." — Lon.  Itetrosp.  liev.,  1827, 
N.  X,  i.  39G. 

8.  A  Pisgah-Sight  of  Palestine,  and  the  confines  thereof, 
with  the  Hist,  of  the  0.  and  N.  Tests,  acted  thereon.  With 
Plates,  1650,  '62,  fol. 

'•  This  is  one  of  the  most  curious  works  ever  written  on  the  Scrip- 
tures. .  .  .  ThoViewof  Palestine  is  not  a  mere  gf"t,'r:iphual  work; 
it  contains  many  things  relating  to  Jewish  aiitiiiiiiti.s,  aiul  to  the 
manners  and  customs  of  the  people,  and  incidi-ntally  illustrates  a 
number  of  passages  of  Scripture." — Or7ne''s  Bib!.  Bib. 

9.  The  Church  History  of  Britain  from  the  birth  of  Christ 
to  1648,  1655,  fol.  Contains  a  Hist,  of  the  Univ.  of  Camb. 
from  the  Comiuest  to  164;!,  and  of  Waltham  Abbey.  A 
new  ed.  of  the  Church  Hist.,  with  the  author's  corrections, 
edited  by  James  Nichols,  1837,  3  vols.  Svo;  1842,  3  vols. 
Svo.     Edited  by  the  Rev.  J.  S.  Brewer,  1845,  6  vols.  Svo. 

"  It  is  divided  into  eleven  books,  whereof  the  sixth  gives  the 
history  of  the  allies  of  England  from  the  first  rise  of  monkery  to 
the  final  eradication  of  it  under  Henry  the  Eighth.  These  are 
subdivided  into  lesser  sections,  which  are  severally  dedicated  to 


rcL 


FUL 


such  patrons  as  were  most  likely  to  make  their  due  acknowledg- 
ments to  the  author.  Nor  were  these  infant  lords  and  rich  alder- 
men the  only  people  he  designed  to  flatter.  He  was  to  make  his 
court  to  the  powers  then  in  fashion;  and  he  well  knew  nothing 
would  be  more  i^rateful  to  them,  than  squinting  reflections  on  the 
manu;^ement  of  the  late  king's  chief  ministers  of  state,  eminent 
churchmen,  tic.  For  such  misbehaviour  as  this,  he  was  severely 
taken  to  task  by  Teter  Ileyliu,  in  his  Examen  Ilistoricum;  to 
which  was  added  Dr.  Cosin's  Apolo^jV:  in  answer  to  some  passages 
io  that  history  whiL-h  concerned  himself.  .  .  .  Even  the  most  se- 
rious and  most  authentic  parts  of  it  are  so  interlaced  with  pun 
and  quibble,  that  it  looks  as  if  the  man  had  designed  to  ridicule 
the  annals  of  our  church  into  fable  and  romance.  .  .  .  There  are 
in  it  some  things  of  moment,  hardly  to  be  had  elsewhere,  which 
may  often  illustrate  dark  passages  in  more  serious  writers." — 
Bi^hnp  XicoUon's  Enr/.  Hid.  Lib.,  96. 

"liishop  Nicolsonwas  too  censorious  upon  Dr.  Fuller's  Church 
History.'" — Bing.  Brit.,  q.  v. 

"  There  are  only  two  writers  of  the  genuine  History  of  our  Church 
who  deserve  the  name  of  historians.  Collier  and  Fuller." — Bishop 
WUrburton's  Directiims  to  a  Stnilrnt  in  Tlieology. 

*'  Quaint  and  witty,  but  sensible,  pious,  candid,  and  useful;  an 
invaluable  body  of  information  to  the  death  of  Charles  the  First."' 
—Bickerstelh's  Christian  Stud'tnt. 

"The  historical  works  of  Fuller  are  simply  a  caricature  of  the 
species  of  composition  to  which  they  professedly  belong;  a  syste- 
matic violation  of  all  its  proprieties.  The  gravity  and  dignity  of 
the  historic  muse  are  continually  violated  by  him.  But  not  only 
is  he  continually  cracking  bis  jokes  and  perpetrating  his  puns; 
his  matter  is  as  full  of  treason  against  the  laws  of  history  as  his 
manner.  .  .  .  Never  was  there  such  a  medley.  First,  each  book 
and  section  is  introduced  by  a  quaint  dedication  to  one  or  other 
of  his  many  admirers  or  patrons.  Nicolsou  in  his  English  Uisto- 
rical  Library  is  rather  severe  ou  his  motives  for  such  a  multiplica- 
tion of  dedication.  Second,  the  several  paragraphs  into  which  the 
Church  History  is  divided,  (most  ofthem  introduced  by  some  quaint 
title.)  are  many  of  them  as  little  connected  with  church  history  as 
with  the  history  of  China.  Thus,  in  one  short  *  section,'  comprising 
the  period  from  1330  to  1301.  we  find  'paragraphs'  relating  to  the 
'ignorance  of  the  English  in  curious  clothing — to  'fullers'  earth,' 
which,  he  tells  us,' was  a  precious  commodity' — to  the  manufacture 
of  'woollen  cloth,'  and  to  the  sumptuary  laws  which  'restrained 
excess  in  apparel.'  Here  is  a  strange  mixture  in  one  short  chapter." 
— Henry  Hooers:  Edi7i.  liev.,  Ixxiv.  352-53,  and  in  his  Essays. 

'•AH  the  charms  of  Snuthey's  prose  may  please  you  in  his  Book 
of  the  Church;  on  turning  to  the  old  church  historian,  Thomas 
Fuller,  you  may  find  in  his  History  of  the  Church  in  Great  Britain 
(one  of  the  most  remarkable  works  in  the  language)  the  varied 
powers  of  learning,  .sagacity,  pathos,  an  overtiowing  wit,  humour, 
and  imagination,  all  animating  the  pages  of  a  church  history." — 
Henry  Reed's  LpcIs.  on  Eng.  Lit.,  Phila.,  1S55,  12mo. 

10.  The  Appeal  of  Injured  Innocence,  1659,  fol. 
''Soon  after  [the  publication  of  Heylin's  Examen  Historicum] 

Tb.  Fuller  came  out  with  a  thin  fol.,  full  of  submission  and  ac- 
knowledgment, entit.  The  Appeal  of  Injured  Innocence." — Athcn. 
Oxon..  q.  V. 

This  volume  is  necessary  to  complete  The  Church  His- 
tory by  the  same  author.  The  Appeal  of  Injured  Inno- 
cence is  a  running  commentary  on  each  of  the  eleven 
books  of  The  Church  History. 

"  It  embraces  almost  every  topic  within  the  range  of  human  dis- 
quisition, from  the  most  sublime  mysteries  of  the  Christian  reli- 
gion and  the  great  antiquity  of  the  Hebrew  and  Welsh  languages, 
down  to  ■  the  tale  of  a  tub,'  and  criticisms  on  Sbakspeare's  perver- 
sion of  the  character  of  Sir  John  Falstaff." 

New  ed.  of  the  Hist,  of  the  Univ.  of  Camb.,  edit,  by 
Prickett  and  Wright,  IS40,  8vo.  The  Hist,  of  the  Univ. 
of  Camb.,  of  Waltham  Abbey,  and  the  Appeal  of  Injured 
Innocence,  edit,  by  James  NicbolSj  IS-iO,  Svo.  See  Bishop 
Nicolson's  Eng.  Hist.  Lib.,  129. 

11.  Hist,  of  the  Worthies  of  England,  16fi2,  fol.  Posth.; 
pub.  by  his  son.  New  ed.,  with  Notes  by  John  Nichols, 
1811,  2  vols.  4to. 

The  learned  and  industrious  editor  of  this  present  edition 
was  assisted  by  Mr.  Bindley,  Mr.  Malone,  Mr.  Alex.  Chal- 
mers, Sir  Henry  Ellis,  Dr.  Bliss,  Sir  Egerton  Brydges,  nud 
the  indefatigable  author  of  Cathedral  Antiquities,  Mr. 
John  Britton. 

With  Notes,  Indexes,  &c.,  by  P.  Austin  Nuttall,  LL.D., 
ISiO,  3  vols.  Svo. 

Bishop  Nicolson  is  as  severe  upon  this  entertaining  work 
as  he  is  upon  the  Church  History: 

"  It  was  huddled  up  in  haste,  for  the  procurement  of  some  mode- 
rate profit  for  the  author,  though  he  did  not  live  to  see  it  published. 
It  corrects  many  mistakes  in  his  ecclesiastical  history;  but  makes 
more  new  ones  in  their  stead." — Ettg.  Hist.  Lib  .  t. 

But  see  a  defence  of  Fuller  in  the  Biog.  Brit.  His  bio- 
grapher there  very  pertinently  reminds  us  of  Fuller's  own 
I>lea  for  himself,  when  excusing  John  Fox's  error  in  assert- 
ing Marbeck  to  have  been  burnt  at  the  stake,  when  Mar- 
beck  "lived" — for  all  that  we  know  to  the  contrary — "a 
prosperous  gentleman:" 

"  And  it  is  impossible  for  any  author  of  a  voluminous  hook,  con- 
sisting of  several  persons  and  circumstances,  (Re^^der,  in  pleading 
for  Master  Foxe  I  plead  for  myself.)  t^  have  such  ubiquitary  intelli- 
gence, as  to  apply  the  same  infallibility  to  every  particular." 

'*  His  Worthies  is,  we  believe,  more  generally  perused  than  any 
of  his  productions,  and  is  perhaps  the  most  agreeable;  suffice  to 
say  of  it.  that  it  is  a  most  fascinating  storehouse  of  gossiping,  anec- 
dote, and  quaintness;  a  most  delightful  medley  of  interchanged 
644 


amusement,  presenting  entertainment  as  varied  as  it  is  inexhaust- 
ible. His  Good  Thoughts  in  Bad  Times,  and  lesser  works,  are  all 
equally  excellent  in  their  way,  full  of  admirable  maxims  and  re- 
flections, agreeable  stories,  and  ingenious  moralizations.  It  was, 
hs^^ever.  in  biography  that  Fuller  excelled."' — Lon.  Retrosp.  Rev., 
18*21,  iii.  M. 

Our  Dictionary  is  greatly  indebted  to  the  Worthies  of 
England,  as  our  fretjuent  acknowledgments  testify. 

The  Catalogues  of  the  SheriflFs  and  the  lists  of  the  Gentry, 
as  they  were  returned  from  tlie  several  counties  in  the 
twelfth  year  of  Henry  the  Sixth,  are  very  useful. 

But  we  have  already  given  to  honest  Fuller  more  space 
than  we  can  well  afford,  and  must  dismiss  him  after  the 
citation  of  two  or  three  more  testimonies  of  his  general 
excellence  as  a  writer. 

•'  Next  to  Shakspeare,  I  am  not  certain  whether  Thomas  Fuller, 
beyond  all  other  writers,  does  not  excite  in  me  the  sense  and  emo- 
tion of  the  marvellous;  the  degree  in  which  any  given  faculty,  or 
combination  of  faculties,  is  possessed  and  manifested,  so  tar  sur- 
passing what  we  would  have  thought  passible  in  a  single  mind,  as 
to  give  one's  admiration  the  flavour  and  quality  of  wonder.  Fuller 
was  incomparably  the  most  sensible,  the  least  prejudiced  great  man 
of  an  age  that  boasted  of  a  galaxy  of  great  men.  In  all  his  nu- 
merous volumes,  on  so  many  different  subjects,  it  is  scarcely  toe 
much  to  say.  that  you  will  hardly  find  a  page  in  which  some  one 
sentence  out  of  every  three  does  not  deserve  to  be  quoted  for  Itself 
as  a  motto  or  as  a  maxim.  .  .  .  Fuller,  whose  wit  {alike  in  quan- 
tity, quality,  and  perpetuity,  surp;issing  that  of  the  wittiest  in  a 
witty  agej  nibbed  him  of  the  praise  not  less  due  to  hiui  for  an 
equal  superimity  in  sound,  shrewd,  good  sense,  and  freedom  of 
intellect." — S.  T.  Coleridge. 
'•A  man  of  fancy.'* — BiSBOP  Burxet. 

"The  writings  of  Fuller  are  usually  designated  by  the  title  of 
quaint,  and  with  suificient  reason;  for  such  was  his  natural  bias 
to  conceits,  that  I  doubt  not,  upon  most  occasions,  it  would  have 
been  going  out  of  his  way  to  have  expressed  himself  out  of  them. 
But  his  wit  is  not  always  lumen  siccum,  a  dry  tiiculty  of  surpris- 
ing ;  on  the  contrary,  his  conceits  are  oftentimes  deeplv  steeped  in 
human  feeling  and  passion.  Above  all,  his  way  of  telling  a  story, 
for  its  eager  liveliness,  and  the  perpetual  running  commentary  of 
the  narrator  happily  blended  with  the  narration,  is  perhaps  un- 
equalled."— Charles  Ij^mb. 

See  the  authorities  cited  above,  and  an  article  on  Fuller 
and  his  Writings,  in  the  Boston  Christian  Examiner : 
highly  landed  by  an  eminent  English  authority.  The 
reader  must  procure,  also.  Memorials  of  the  Life  and  Writ- 
ings of  Thomas  Fuller,  by  the  Rev.  Arthur  T.  Russell,  Vicar 
of  Caxton,  Cambridgeshire.  Lon.,  1844,  sm.  Svo.  And  see 
Broome,  Rev.  AnrnuR,  in  this  Dictionary. 

Fuller  was  remarkable  for  his  piety,  his  wit,  his  kind- 
ness of  heart,  his  learning,  his  conversational  powers,  and 
his  wonderful  memory. 

'•  He  had  a  memory  so  vastly  comprehensive  that  he  is  deservedly 
known  for  the  first  inventor  of  that  noble  art  [memoria  technics: 
but  this  was  known  to  the  ancients]  whereof  he  left  no  rules  be- 
hind him,  but  many  extraordinary  jiroofs;  as.  after  a  walk  from 
Temple-Bar  to  the  furthest  conduit  in  Cheapside  his  repeating  all 
the  signs  on  both  sidesof  the  way,  orderly,  without  missing  or  mis- 
placing one;  and  so  he  would  do  by  the  words  of  diHerent  languages 
to  any  number;  [500,  at  least,  after  twice  hearing  them,  it  has  been 
stated:]  to  the  great  astonishment  of  his  hearers." — Bing.  Brit. 

Fuller,  Thomas,  M.D..  1654-1734,  honourably  dis- 
tinguished for  his  kindness  to  the  poor,  (see  Cotton  Mather's 
Essays  to  do  Good,)  was  educated  at  Queen's  ColL,  Camb., 
and  practised  at  Sevenoaks,  Kent.  1.  Pharmacopoeia  Ex- 
temporanea,  Lon.,  1701,  Ac,  Svo.  Trans,  into  French  and 
German.  2.  Pharmacopceia  Bateana,  171S,  <fcc.,  12mo. 
3.  Pharmacopceia  Domestica,  1725,  &e.,  Svo.  4.  Introduc- 
tio  ad  Prudentiam,  1726-27,  Svo;  1743,  with  an  addit, 
vol.,  2  vols.  New  ed.,  recently  pub.,  12mo.  5.  Introduc- 
tio  ad  Sapientam,  1731,  12mo.  6.  Exanthemalogia,  1730, 
4to.  7.  Adagies,  Proverbs,  Wise  Sentiments,  and  Witty 
Sayings,  ancient  and  modern.  Foreign  and  British,  1732, 
12mo.  8.  Family  Dispensatory,  173S,  Ac,  Svo.  We  sub- 
join the  epitaph  in  Sevenoaks  Church,  made  by  Dr.  Fuller 
on  himself: 

"Ante  obitum  felix  canto  epicedia  nostra: 
Octoginta  annos  sum  passus  Iristia  terrie; 
Mors  dabjt  his  finem.  uiecum  hehmiinie  amici; 
iEternum  posthac  ccelorum  laeta  teneho." 

See  Nichols's  Lit.  Anec. 
Fuller,  Thomas,     Journal,  &,c.  on  board  Cavendish's 
ship,  the  Desire,     See  Callander's  Voyages,  i.  471,  1766. 

Fuller,  Thomas,  D.D.  The  Causes  and  Cure  of  a 
Wounded  Conscience.  ISIO,  12mo. 

Fuller,  \Vm.     Serra.,  Lon.,  162S,  4to. 
Fuller,  Mm.     Ephemeris  Parliamentaria,  Lon.,  1654, 
'63,  '81,  fol. 

Fuller,  Mm.  Tracts  rel.  to  the  Pretended  Prince  of 
Wales.  Ac.  Lnn..  1702-16. 

FullertOH,  Col.     Views  in  the  Ilimalaya  and  Neil- 
gherry  Hills:  24  plates,  Lon.,  1S4S,  4to. 
Fu'llertou,  Alex.     Toleration;  aSerm.,  Abcrd.,  17S4. 
F-ullerton,  I^ady  Georsjiana,  oneof  the  most  popu- 
lar of  modern   English  novelists.     1.  Ellen  Middleton;  a 
Tale,  2a  ed.,  Lon.,  1844,  3  vols.  p.  3vo. 


FUL 

"We  scarcely  know  a  Action  of  the  last  ten  years  that  so  com- 
pletely takes  hold  of  the  reader  as  Ellen  Middleton." — Mrs.  Hale's 
Ifoiium's  Bccord, 

2.  Grantley  Mnnor,  lS-17,  3  vols.  p.  8vo ;  2ded.,lS54,12mo. 
"The  author  is  perhaps  too  elaborate  io  her  diction,  and  is  stirred 

too  ofton  by  an  ambition  for  the  superfine,  to  c;itch  that  tlo\Yini; 
felicity  of  style  which  should  be  the  aim  of  the  novelist — a  style 
in  which  sentences  should  only  represent  thought  or  fact,  and 
never  dazzle  away  attention  from  the  matter  they  convey.  But 
with  some  faults  of  manner,  and  some  llunders  in  plot,  the  novel 
evinces  considerable  dramatic  power,  .ind  has  a  number  of  striking 
characters.  The  interest  is  well  sustained,  though  rapidity  of 
movement  in  the  story  is  ever  subsidiary  to  completeness  of  de- 
lineation in  the  characters."— E.  P.  Whipple:  Essays,  ii.  405. 

"  G  i-antley  Manor  is  the  title  of  an  exceedingly  interesting  volume, 
whicli  we  have  read  with  more  than  ordinary  pleasure.  The  style 
is  elegant^  the  story,  which  involves  a  succession  of  mysteries  and 
cross-purposes,  is  well  developed,  and  the  scene  and  character  paint- 
ing is  full  of  spirit  and  truth.  The  authoress  is  certainly  a  woman 
of  genius,  which  she  has  used  to  excellent  purpose." — Sniitliern 
Literari/  Messtngin-. 

3.  Lady-Bird;  a  Tale,  1352,  3  vols.  p.  Svo. 

Fullmer,  or  Fulmer,  Samuel.  The  Young  Gar- 
dener's Best  Companion  for  the  Kitchen  and  Fruit  Garden, 
Lon.,  1781,  12mo. 

Fullom,  S.  W.,  a  modern  author,  enjoying  great  popu- 
larity.   1.  The  Daughter  of  Night,  Lon.,  1851,3  vols.  p.  Svo. 
"  A  most  powerfully-told  and  fascinating  ia.\e."—J')lm  Bull. 

2.  The  Marvels  of  Science,  and  their  Testimony  to  Holy 
Writ,  3d  ed.,  1S52,  p.  Svo;  8th  ed.,  1854;  9th  ed.,  1855. 

"Genuine  service  has  been  done  to  the  cause  of  revelation  by 
the  i«sue  of  such  a  book." — Lon.  Globe. 

3.  The  Great  Highway ;  3d  ed.,  1854,  3  vols.  p.  Svo. 
4.  The  Human  Mind,  1857,  2  vols.  p.  Svo. 

l<"ullwood,  Francis,  D.D.,  Archdeacon  of  Totness, 
in  Devon.  Vindicite  Slediorum  et  Mediatoris,  Lon.,  IGol, 
Svo.  He  also  pub.  some  serais.,  and  several  discourses  in 
defence  of  the  Ch.  of  Eng.  and  against  the  Ch.  of  Rome. 
Of  these,  Roma  ruit;  the  pillars  of  Rome  broken,  was  re- 
pub,  in  1S47,  Svo.  edited  by  Mr.  C.  Hardwicli. 

Fullwood.  Wm.     Sec  Fulwood. 

Fulman,  Wm.,  1632-1688,  anative  of  Kent,  educated 
at  Oxford  through  the  kindness  of  Dr.  Hammond,  attained 
some  eminence  as  an  antiqunry.  1.  Academire  0-\ouiensis 
Notitia,  Oxon.,  1665,  4to.  With  Addits.  and  Correct,  from 
Wood's  Latin  Hist.,  1675,  4to.  2.  Appendix  to  the  Life 
of  E.  Stanton,  D.D.,  Lon.,  1673.  3.  Rerum  Anglicanum 
Seriptorum  Veterum. 

"Done  with  greater  accuracy  than  Gale's  two  volumes."— LovE- 
CAY,  irt  Bliss's  Wtjod's  Atfien.  Ojon.;  where  see  a  further  account 
of  Fulman's  literary  labours. 

He  made  some  observations  on,  and  corrections  of,  Bur- 
net's Hist,  of  the  Reformation,  some  of  which  are  appended 
to  that  work.  He  also  edited  the  works  of  Charles  I.  and 
of  Dr.  Hammond. 

P'ulmer,  Samuel.     See  Fullmer. 

Fulthrop,  Christopher.  The  Practice  of  a  Devout 
Christian,  Lon.,  174S,  Svo. 

Fulton,  George,  pub.  a  number  of  valuable  books 
upon  spelling,  ttc,  and,  in  conjunction  with  C.  Knight, 
gave  to  the  world  a  Pronouncing  and  Explanatory  Dic- 
tionary, first  pub.  in  18U2,  12mo,  which  is  still  highly 
esteemed;  the  last  ed.  was  issued  in  1843,  12mo.  Mr.  F. 
also  pub.  Johnson's  Diet,  in  Miniature,  which  passed 
through  a  number  of  eds. 

"  In  point  of  notation,  quantity,  and  syllabication.  Mr.  Fulton's 
system  is.  in  our  opinion,  decidedly  superior  to  auy  which  has  yet 
been  adopted  in  Spelling-books  and  Dictionaries." — Britis/t  Critic. 
r  Sketches  in  various  Countries, 


Fulton,  H.    Trave 
Lon.,  1S40,  2  vols.  12mo. 

Fulton,  J.  W.  Brit.-Indian  Book-Kceping,  1804,  Svo. 

Fulton,  Kev.  John.  See  Brown,  Thomas,  and  the 
notice  of  Olshauscn's  Comment. 

Fulton,  Levi  S.     Sec  Eastman,  G.  W. 

Fulton,  Robert,  1765-1815,  a  native  of  Little  Bri- 
tain, Pennsylvania,  has  linked  his  name  indissolubly  with 
improved  steam  navig.-ition.  For  an  account  of  his  life 
and  labours  we  must  refer  the  reader  to  his  biography  in 
Sparks's  Araer.  Biog.,  1st  series,  x.  1-89,  written  by  James 
Renwick,  LL.D.,  and  to  C.  D.  Colden's  Life  of  Fulton,  N. 
York,  1817,  Svo.  An  interesting  account,  narrated  by 
Fulton  himself  to  the  late  Judge  Story,  of  the  first  voyage 
of  the  Clermont  up  the  Hudson,  from  New  York  to  Albany, 
August,  1807,  will  be  found  in  Story's  Miseell.  Writings, 
480^82.  See  also  Robert  Walsh's  Appeal  from  the  Judg- 
ment of  Great  Brit.,  Phil,  and  Lon.,  1819,  Svo.  See  also 
the  works  of  Daniel  Webster,  iv.  464,  vi.  (5,  Boston,  1S54 ; 
Encyc.  Americana,  v.  335-337  ;  Lon.  Quar.  Rev.,  xix.  347- 
357  ;  Phila.  Museum,  xxxiii.  340;  Phila.  Analectic  Mag., 
V.  394,  X.  177;  Niles's  Register,  xiii.  61,  xxxiii.  15. 

Treatise  on  the  Improvement  of  Canal  Navigation,  Lon., 
1796,   4to.      This  work,   illustrated  by  17  plates  and  a 


FUR 

portrait,  is  very  rare.     A  copy  in  a  late  bookseller's  cata- 
logue is  priced  §12. 

Fulwell,  Ulpin,  b.  1556,  Rector  of  Naunton,  Glou- 
cestershire. 1.  The  Flower  of  Fame,  Lon.,  1575,  4to. 
This  is  an  historical  work  rel.  to  Hen.  VIII.,  &e.,  in  prose 
and  verse.  A  copy  has  been  sold  for  £30  9».  It  is  re- 
printed in  the  Harleian  Miseell.,  vol.  ix.  2.  Ars  Adulandi, 
the  Art  of  Flatterie,  1579,  4to. 

Our  readers  should  ponder  this  truth  : 

"Who  reads  a  booke  rashly,  at  random  doth  runno; 
Ilee  goes  on  his  errande,  yet  leaues  it  undone." 
3.  A  pleasant  Interlude  entitled  Like  will  to  Like,  quoth 
the  Devil  to  the  Collier,  15S7,  4to.     This  is  a  moral  dra- 
matic piece. 
Fulwood,  Francis.     See  Fillwood. 
Fulwood,  Peter.     Scrms.,  1073,  Svo. 
Fulwood,  or  Fullwood,  Wm.,  a  London  merchant. 
1.  Trans,  of  Wm.  Gratarolus's  Castle  of  Memorie,  from  the 
Italian,  Lon.,  1562,  '63,  '73.     Watt  ascribes  this  trans,  to 
Wm.  Fulford,  also  to  W^  Fulward,  and  to  Wm.  Fulwood. 
A  curious  list  of  orthogr.apbical  errors.     For  an   account 
of  the  work,  see  Feinagle's  Art  of  Memory,  and  the  Cen- 
sura  Literaria,  ed.  1815,  v.  309. 

"Memory  taketh  leave  other  disciples  with  the  following  pithy 
admonition: 

"  To  him  that  would  me  gladly  gaine, 
These  three  preceptes  shal  not  be  vaine  : 
The  fvrst,  is  wel  to  understand 
The  thing  that  he  doth  take  in  hand. 
The  second  is  the  same  to  place 
In  order  good,  and  formed  race. 
The  thvrde  is,  often  to  repeats 
The  thing  that  he  would  not  forgeate." 

Quolal  in  Cen.  Lit.,  uhi  supra. 
2.  The  Enimie  of  Idleness.     Teaching  the  maner  and 
stile  how  to  eudite,  compose,  and  write  all  sorts  of  Epistles 
and  Letters,  Ac,  1568,  '98,  Svo  and  16mo,  consisting  of 

"Sundi-y  Letters  belonging  to  Love,  as  well  in  Verse  as  in 
Pro.se." 

All  is  in  prose,  save  the  last  thirteen  pages,  which  con- 
tain seven  metrical  love-epistles.  We  give  a  specimen  of 
the  poetry: 

"  A  constant  lover  doth  expresse 
His  griping  grifes.  which  still  encrease." 
***** 
"  A  lover,  pearst  with  Cupide's  Iwwe, 
Thinks  long  till  he  be  rid  from  woe." 
***** 

"  A  lover  hath  his  ladie's  hart. 
And  writes  to  hir  as  is  his  part." 

(JwAed  in  Ccn.  Lit.,  x.  5. 

We  presume  that  the  "  Ladies"  will  not  insist  upon  fur- 
ther specimens.     See  also  Herbert's  Typ.  Antiq.  of  G.  Brit. 

Funuell,  Wm.,  mate  to  Capt.  Dampier.  A  voyage 
round  the  World,  containing  an  account  of  Capt.  Dam- 
pier's  Expedit.  into  the  South  Seas,  in  the  St.  George, 
1703-04,  Lon.,  1707,  Svo.  This  relation  was  unauthorized 
by  Capt.  Dampier,  who  ]>ub.  a  Vindication  of  his  voyage, 
in  the  same  year,  in  answer  to  it.  The  Vindication  elicited 
a  reply  from  John  Welbc,  a  midshipman  in  Dampier's 
ship.  See  an  account  of  this  matter  in  Rich's  Bibl.  Amer. 
Nova,  under  1707  ;  and  see  Dampier,  Capt.  Wm.,  in  this 
Dictionary.  FunucU's  n.arrative  is  repub.  in  Harris's 
Collec.  of  Voy.  and  Trav.,  vol.  i.  2.  Voyage  to  Magel- 
lanica  in  1703.     See  Callander's  Voy.,  iii.  145,  1766. 

Furber,  Robert.  1.  Cat.  of  Eng.  and  For.  Trees, 
Lon.,  1727,  Svo.  2.  Flower-Garden  display 'd,  1732,  4to. 
3.  Short  Introduc.  to  Gardening,  1733,  Svo.  4.  CoUec.  of 
Flowers  for  the  twelve  Months,  fol. 

Furley,  Lieut.  Maxims  and  Morals  for  our  Conduct 
through  Life,  1791,  12mo. 

Furlong,  J.  S.  Law  of  Landlord  and  Tenant  in  Ire- 
land. Dubl.,  1845,  2  vols.  Svo. 

Furlv,  Samuel.     Scrm.,  1779,  4to. 

Furman,  Richard,  D.D.,  d.  1825,  a  Baptist  minister 
of  Charleston,  S.  C,  pub.  a  serm.  in  1796,  and  furnished 
Rams.iy,  the  histori.an.with  a  statistical  account  of  Camden. 

Furneaux,  Philip,  D.D.,  1726-1783,  a  Dissenting 
minister,  lecturer  at  Clapham,  in  Surrey,  1753-76,  pub. 
Scrms.,  1758-69,  Letters  to  Justice  Blackstone  on  his 
Expos,  of  the  Act  of  Toleration,  1793,  Svo.  His  Letters 
to  Blackstone  are  said 

"  To  have  induced  the  learned  commentator  to  alter  some  posi- 
tions in  the  subsequent  editions  of  his  valuable  work."  See  Lon. 
Gent.  Mag.,  vols,  li.,  liii 

Furness,  Rev.  John.  ThePract.  Surveyor,  Lon. ,1809. 

Furness,  Rev.  William  H.,  b.  in  Boston,  April  20, 
1802;  grad.  at  Harvard  Coll.  in  1820;  completed  his  theo- 
logical education  in  1823  :  ordained  as  pastor  of  the  First 
Congreg.  Unitarian  Church  in  Philadelphia.  Jan.  12,  1825. 
1.  Remarks  on  the  Four  Gospels,  Phila.,  1S36;  Lon.  1837, 


645 


FUR 


GAD 


'51.  2.  Jesus  and  his  Biographers,  1838.  3.  A  History  of 
Jesus,  1850.     New  etl..  1S63  ;  Lon.,  1850. 

**The  author  is  a  man  whom  to  know  is  to  love,  who  is  deeply 
penetrated  with  the  spirit  of  Cbristiiinity,  and  whose  whole  life  anil 
character  have  frrown  from  intimate  heart-communion  with  the 
objects  of  his  religious  faith.  He  is  a  man  of  a  rich,  active,  and 
fruitful  intellect,  of  the  most  liberal  culture,  of  warm  enthusiasm 
and  giowiu]^  fiincy.  But  heisiieithera  logician  norcritic.  ^^sthetic 
considerations  weigh  more  with  him  than  historical  proofs,  and 
vividness  of  conception  than  demonstration.  So  far  is  he  from 
needing  facts  to  verify  his  theories,  that  he  is  ready  to  reject  the 
best-authenticated  facts,  if  they  would  not  flow  necessarily  from 
his  d  prioH  reasoning.  ...  A  History  of  Jesus  is  a  title  worthy  of 
the  author's  honesty.  The  definite  article  would  have  been  sadly 
out  of  place;  for  the  work  is  not  an  exposition  of  the  Gospels  as 
they  are.  but  an  original  Gosptd.  embracin;^  and  endorsing  such 
portions  of  the  record  of  the  evangelists  as  accorded  with  his  no- 
tions of  what  must  and  should  have  been,  and  telling  the  rest  of 
the  story  as  the  evangelists  would  have  told  it  had  they  belonged 
to  his  school  of  philosophy  and  theology.  His  theoiy  is,  we  believe, 
entirely  original  and  peculiar.  It  is  naturalism  in  a  form  so  irra- 
tional and  untenable  that  we  can  hardly  conceive  of  its  ever  find- 
ing a  second  advocate." — A.  I*.  PEAcoDy,  in  N.  Amer.  Hev.,  Lxxi. 
464;  see  also  Chris.  Exam.,  xlix.  209;  xv.  277. 

4,  Domestic  Worship,  1842.  New  e*l.,  1850.  5.  Mirror 
of  Nature,  trans,  from  the  German  of  Schubert.  6.  Gems 
of  German  Verse. 

"  He  is  a  poet  of  fine  taste,  and  deep  feeling,  and  has  published 
fugitive  poems,  chiefly  hymns  and  devotional  pieces.  He  has  made 
exquisite  translations  from  the  German,  chief  of  which  stands  his 
version  of  Schiller's  '  Song  of  the  Bell.'  He  is  a  lover  of  the  beauti- 
ful arts,  and  has  rendered  them  great  service  in  Philadelphia." — 
Mm  of  the  Timf,  iV'  lark,  1852. 

7.  A  vol.  of  Discourses,  1855, 12mo.  8.  Julius,  and  other 
Tales  J  from  the  German,  Phila.,  1856,  12mo.  9.  Thoughts 
on  the  Life  and  Character  of  Jesus  of  Nazareth,  Bost., 
1859,  12mo. 

Mr.  Furness  edited  The  Diadem,  a  Philadelphia  annual, 
for  three  years,  and  has  occasionally  contributed  to  the 
Christian  Examiner,  pub.  in  Boston. 

Furniss,  William,  of  N.  York.  1.  The  Old  World; 
or,  Scenes  and  Cities  in  Foreign  Lands,  with  a  Map 
and  Illustrations,  New  York,  1850,  8vo.  2.  Waraga; 
or,  The  Charms  of  the  Nile.  12mo.  3.  The  Land  of  the 
Caesar  and  the  Doge,  1853,  12mo.  See  Putnam's  Maga- 
zine, i.  2;:'>0. 

Fursman,  John.     Serm.,  1715,  8vo. 

Furtado,  Johu.  1,  2.  Works  on  Thorough  Bass,  179S, 
8vo.     3.  The  Piano  Forte,  ^c,  1798,  4to. 

Fuseli,  Henry,  1741-1825,  a  celebrated  painter,  a 
native  of  Zurich,  visited  England  in  1763,  and  was  per- 
suaded by  Sir  Joshua  Reynolds,  who  discovered  his  great 
abilities,  to  adopt  the  profession  of  an  artist.  In  1770  he 
visited  Italy,  where  he  remained  for  nine  years,  and  on 
his  return  at  once  took  a  position  among  the  first  painters 
of  the  day.  From  this  time  until  his  death  he  annually 
contributed  to  the  Royal  Academy.  He  died  at  the  ripe 
age  of  87,  when  on  a  visit  to  the  Countess  of  Guilford,  at 
Putney  Hill.  For  an  account  of  his  life,  artistic  labours, 
and  his  views  of  professional  matters,  we  must  refer  the 
reader  to  his  Life  and  Works,  (Lectures  on  Painting, 
Aphorisms,  History  of  Arts  in  the  Schools  of  Italy,  &c..) 
the  former  written,  the  latter  edited,  by  John  Knowles, 


1831,  3  vols.  Svo.  See  also  Autobiography  of  Haydon: 
By  Tom  Taylor,  Lon.,  1853,  3  vols.  8vo.  His  Lectures, 
two  series,  were  also  pub.  separately,  1801,  &e.  As  early  as 
1765,  8vo,  he  pub.  Reflections  on  the  Painting  and  Sculp- 
ture of  the  Greeks,  with  Instructions  for  the  Connoisseur, 
and  an  Essay  on  Grace  in  Works  of  Art,  trans,  from  the 
German  of  the  Abbe  Winkelmann ;  and  in  1805  he  gave 
to  the  world  an  improved  ed.  of  Pilkington's  Diet,  of 
Painters,  4to.  Of  this  work  there  have  been  later  eds. 
See  the  name.  The  Life  and  Works  of  Fuseli  must  not  be 
neglected  by  the  student: 

'■  These  volumes  are  pi^-rhaps  the  most  valuable,  as  regards  the 
fine  arts,  ever  published  in  England.  Every  one  who  possesses 
the  lectures  of  Sir  Joshua  Reynolds  should  possess  also  those  of 
Fuseli.  comprised  in  the  above  work,  together  with  the  painter's 
Aphorisms  on  Art,  and  his  History  of  the  Italian  Schools  of  Paint- 
ing and  Sculpture,  all  of  which  are  included  in  the  present  edi- 
tion."— Lan.  Month.  Eev.  See  also  Wornum's  Lectures  hy  the 
llnyal  Academirian.s,  ic,  1848. 

Mr.  Robert  Balmanno,  now  (1858)  living  in  Brooklyn, 
New  York,  was  an  intimate  friend  and  one  of  the  execu- 
tors of  Fuseli.  As  already  stated,  (sceBALiiANXo,  Robert.) 
we  have  earnestly  urged  Mr.  B.  to  give  to  the  world  some 
reminiscences  of  the  departed  great, — the  friends  who  have 
passed  before  him  into  the  world  of  spirits.  We  fear,  how- 
ever, that  this  desire  must  remain  among  the  ungratified. 

Fyfe,  Andrew.  1.  A  System  of  Anatomv  and  Phy- 
siology. 2  vols.  8vo ;  2d  ed.,  1787,  3  vols.  Svo ;  1800, 3  vols. 
4to.  New  ed.,  1820,  3  vols.  4to.  "2.  Anatomy  of  the  Human 
Body,  Edin.,  1800,  3  vols.  4to ;  vol.  iv.,  1804,  '07,  3  vols. 
8vo.  3.  Anatomia  Britannica,  1804,  3  vols.  12moj  4th  ed., 
ISIO,  3  vols.  Svo,  entitled  A  Comp.  of  the  Anatomy  of  the 
Human  Body.  New  ed.,  1822.  4  vols.  8vo.  4.  Compara- 
tive Anatomy,  1813,  Svo.  5.  Elements  of  Chemistry,  Svo. 
6.  Manual  of  Chemistry,  12mo.  7.  Reciprocal  Influence 
of  Body  and  Mind,  Svo. 

Fyfe,  Archibald.  Poems  and  Criticisms,  Paris, 
180t;.  12mo. 

Fyler,  Samuel.     Serms.,  Ac,  16S0-17O0. 

FyloU,  Jasper.  A  Treatise  against  the  Possessions 
of  the  Clergye,  gedderd  and  compyled  by  J.  F.,  Lon., 
lOmo. 

Fynch,  Martin.     Practical  Divinity,  Lon.,  165S,  Svo. 

Fynes,  Charles,  LL.D.     Serm.,  1798,  4to. 

Fynn,  Robert.  Brit.  Consuls  Abroad;  their  Origin, 
Rank.  Privileges,  Duties,  Ac,  2d  ed.,  Lon.,  1848,  12mo. 

"  This  work  is  written  with  manifest  care  and  judt^ment;  its 
contents  are  not  only  of  vital  importance  to  Consuls,  but  to  Mer- 
chants, Ship-ownei-s,  Captains,  and  Travellers." 

Fynney,  Fielding  Best,  Surgeon.  Con.to  Mcd.Com., 
1775,  76, '85  j  to  Memoirs  Med.,  1789:  to  Phil.  Trans., 
1777. 

Fysh,  Henry,  Vicar  of  Middleton,  Norfolk.  Serm.  on 
Pruv.  X.  27.  1738,  8vo. 

Fysh,  Thomas.     Serm.  on  Zech.  xii.  8,  1085,  4to. 

F'ysher,  Robert.  Catalogus  Impressorum  Librorum 
Biltliotheca  BodleianiB  in  Academia  Oxoniensi,  Oxon., 
1738,  2  vols.  fol.     See  Bodley,  Sir  Thomas. 

Fyson,  Thomas,  Chaplain  to  the  Earl  of  Usbridge. 
Serm.  on  1  Cor.  xv.  58,  1715,  Svo. 


G. 


Gabb,  Rev.  Thomas.  Finis  Pyramidis ;  or,  Dis- 
quisitiona  concerning  the  Antiquity  and  Scientific  End  of 
the  great  Pyramid  of  Giza.  Lon.,  1806.  Svo. 

Gabbett,  Joseph.  1.  Abridgt..  ie.  of  the  Stat.  Law 
of  Eng.  and  Ire.,  Dubl.,  1S12-18,  4  vols.  Svo.  New  ed.,  to 
1841,  inclusive. 

*'  An  excellent  and  accur.ite  digest." 

See  Warren's  Law  Studies,  SSI  ;  1  Leg.  Rep.,  245  ; 
Tomlin's  Diet.,  Pref.     2.  Crim.  Law,  18,35-43,  2  vols.  Svo. 

Gabble,  Gridiron,  <.  c,  Joseph  Haslewood. 
Green  Room  Gossip;  or,  Gr.avity  gallinipt. 

Gabell,  Henry.  1.  Hif;h  Price  of  Corn,  Lon.,  1796, 
Svo.     2.  A  Fust  Serm.,  1799,  Svo. 

Gabriel,  John.  Essay  towards  the  Theory  of  an 
Invisible  World,  The  Archetypally,  2d  ed.,  1700,  Svo.  It 
is  supposed  that  Swift  was  indebted  to  the  Theory  of  an 
Invisible  World. 

Gabriel,  Rob.  Burd,  D.D.,  d.  1804.  Tracts  reh  to 
the  Rev.  Dr.  White's  Bampton  Lect.,  Lon.,  1789,  Svo. 

Gace,  Wni.     Theolog.  treatises,  Lon.,  1578,  '79. 

Gadbury,  Job,  d.  1715,  a  disciple  of  John  Gadbury, 
probably  succeeded  him  in  the  publication  of  his  almanac. 

Gadbury,  John,  1627-1092?  a  notorious  astrologer, 


pull,  almanacs,  astrological  treatises,  nativities,  &e.,  1656- 
91,  a  list  of  which  will  ho  found  in  the  Bibl.  Brit.  The 
Black  Life  of  John  Gadbury,  written  and  pub.  by  Par- 
trid.L^e,  appeared  in  1(393. 

Gadbury,  Thomas  or  Timothy.  Astrolog.  Pre- 
dict, of  Chas.  IL,  his  coming  to  the  Crown  of  Eng.,  Lon., 
IfiOO,  fol. 

Gaddesby,  or  Gadesby,  Richard.  1.  Decimal 
Arilh.,  Lon.,  1757,  Svo.     2.  Geography,  1776,  12mo. 

Gaddesden,  John  of,  who  lived  in  the  early  part 
of  the  14th  century,  was  the  first  Englishman  employed 
as  a  physician  at  court,  being  appointed  by  Edward  II. 
Before  this  the  court-physicians  had  been  foreigners.  Dr. 
Freind,  in  his  Hist,  of  Physic,  exposes,  in  a  humorous 
manner,  the  ignorance,  quackery,  and  superstition  of  Gad- 
desden. He  wrote  Rosa  Anglica :  seu  Praetica  Medicinse 
a  Capita  ad  Pedus  Papioe,  1492,  '99,  fol.  Venct.,  1502, 
'06,  fol.  Neapoli,  1508.  Trew,  1516,  fol.  Aug.  Vind., 
1595,  2  vols.  4to,  with  Notes  by  Schopfius.  Sc«  Bibl. 
Brit. 

'■  He  Feems  to  have  made  a  collection  of  all  the  receipts  he  had 
ever  met  with  or  heard  of;  and  this  book  atfords  us  a  cuiuplete 
history  of  what  niedirines  were  in  use.  not  only  anions  the  phy- 
sicians of  that  time,  but  among  the  common  people  in  all  parts  of 


GAD 


See 


Englard,  both  In  the  empirical  anil   superstitious   way 
Frelnd's  History  ofPhyEic.  ^     ,,      •      1    ^:»    1 

•'  The  m^tlKwl  of  proaucins  fresh  from  salt  water  by  simple  ais-  . 
tillation.  (in  an  alembic- with  a  iientle  heat.l  is  fiimiliarly  men- 
tioned bv  this  author,  even  at  so  remote  a  period.      fcee  Aikin  s 
BiO"  Memoirs  of  Med.;  Kees's  Cyc. ;  Chahuers's  Biog.  Diet. 

Gadsden.  Funl.  Serm.  on  Bp.  Dehon.  In  Dehon  s 
Serms.,  ii.  529. 

Gael,   Samuel  H.      1.   Contingent  and    Eventual 
Losses,  Lon.,  8vo.     2.  Legal  Composition,  1S40,  Svo.     An 
excellent  work.     3.  Prec.  of  Exam.,  &.C..  1S43,  12mo. 
"This  is  a  very  useful  work." — 7  Jurist.  351. 
Gage,  Viscouut.     Lett.  rel.  to  legalizing  marriage 
with  a  fleceaserl  wife's  sister,  Lon.,  1851,  Svo. 

Gage,  John.  1.  Hist,  and  Antiq.  of  Ilengrave  in 
Suffolk,  Lon.,  1822,  r.  4to  and  imp.  4to.  Highly  com- 
mended. 2.  Hist,  and  Antiq.  of  .Suffolk,  1S:',8,  r.  4to  and 
imp.  4to.  This  work  contains  the  complete  history  of  the 
Thint'O  Hundred,  which  is  all  that  h.is  been  pub. 

Gage,  M.  1.  Cryptography  ;  or.  Secret  Writing,  Norw., 
1809,  Svo.  2.  Answer  rel.  to  W.  Blair  resp.  a  Cypher, 
1809,  Svo.  ,  ,  I 

Gage,  Thomas,  a  R.  Catholic  missionary  who  turned  , 
Protestant,  and  obtained  the  living  of  Deal,  in  Kent.  In 
addition  to  some  theolog.  treatises,  he  pub.  A  New  Survey 
of  the  W.  Indies,  Lon.,  1648,  '65,  '77.  fol.  lu  the  3d  ed.  ' 
a  chapter  which  reflected  on  the  character  of  Archbp. 
Laud  was  omitted.  Gage's  sermon  was  trans,  iuto  Span- 
ish.    See  Rich's  Bibl.  Amer.  Nova. 

"Though  r.age  pretends  to  have  collected  his  materials  on  the 
spot,  the  account  of  that  place  (Mexico)  is  copied  verbatim  £i-om 
kicholas's  Conquest  of  \V east-India."— Pb.  Southet. 

Gager,  Wm.,  a  poet  and  civilian,  was  entered  of 
Christ  Church,  Oxf.,  in  1574.  1.  Excquiao,  Ac.  D.  Phi- 
lippi  Sidnasi,  ic,  Oxon.,  1587,  4to.  2.  Mcleager  Tragcedia, 
1592,  Svo.  3.  Viisses  Redvx,  Tragredia  Nova,  1592.  He 
contended  for  the  lawfulness  of  stage-plays  against  Dr. 
John  Rainolds,  and  insisted  upon  a  position  of  his,  very  i 
properly  attacked  by  Mr.  Hale,  viz. :  •'  Thai  it  was  lawful  ] 
for  husbands  to  beat  their  wives."  Whether  Mr.  t^ager 
indulged  in  this  elegant  and  manly  amusement  we  have 
no  means  of  knowing. 

"  He  was  an  e.xcelleut  poet,  especially  in  the  Latin  tongue,  and 
reputed  the  best  comedian  (i.  e.  dramatic  writer)  of  his  time."— 
Athen.  Ox^-n.  . 

Gahagau,  John.  Irritability  of  Plants ;  in  Med. 
Com.,  1789. 

Gahagan,  Matthias,  M.D.,  of  Grenada.  Con.  to 
Med.  Com.,  1783. 

Gahagan,  Usher,  executed  at  Tyburn,  1749,  for 
clipping  the  coin,  edited  Brindley's  Classics,  and  trans, 
into  Latin  Pope's  Ess.ay  on  Criticism,  the  Temple  of 
Fame,  and  the  Messiah. 

Gahan,  VVm.,  a  R.  Catholic  divine.  1.  Serms.  and 
Moral  Discourses,  6th  ed.,  Dubl.,  1847,  Svo.  2.  Manual 
of  Catholic  Piety,  1847,  12mo. 

Gailhard,  J.  Theolog.,  hist.,  and  educational  works, 
Lon.,  1660^99. 

Gaimar,  GeofTrcy.  See  Geoffrey  G.*im.\r. 
Gaiuesforde,  or  Gainsford,  Thomas.  1.  Hist, 
of  Trebizaud,  Lon.,  1611).  4t(..  2.  Scrutonccr's  Study,  1616, 
4to.  3.  Hist,  of  Pcrkin  Warbeck,  1618,  4to.  4.  Glory  and 
Prerog.  of  Eng.,  1618,  4to.  5.  Hist,  of  the  Earl  of  Tirone, 
1619,  4to. 

Gairdeu,  George,  D.D.  1.  Fuul.  Serm.,  1726,  Svo. 
2.  Works  of  the  Rev.  H.  Scougal,  1818. 

Gairduer,  Wm.,  M.D.  On  Gout:  its  history,  cause, 
and  cure,  Lon.,  1849,  p.  Svo:  3d  ed.,  1854. 

"  This  book  is  the  work  of  a  man  mature  in  years,  and  who  has 
spent  his  life  in  studying  the  phenomena  of  which  he  now  renders 
an  account.  .  .  .  Our  readers  will  find  an  ample  storehouse  of  in- 
teresting and  important  matter." — Lfm.  L'incd. 

Gaisford,  Stephen.  Abolit.  Slave  Trade,  1811,  Svo. 
Gaisl'ord,  Thomas,  D.D.,  1780-1S55,  Regius  Prof, 
of  Greek,  Ijxf.,  and  Dean  of  Christ  Church,  d.  1855,  in  his 
75th  year.  1.  Hephfestionis  Alcxandrini,  Ac,  Oxon.,  1810, 
Svo.  '2.  Poet.  Minores  Gra;ci,  1816,  4  vols.  Svo.  3.  Lectiones 
Platonicfe,  1820,  Svo.  4.  Herodotus:  new  ed.,  18-10,  2  vols. 
Svo.  5.  Suidas,  1834,  3  vols.  fol.  6.  Scriptores  Latini  Bei 
Metricse,  1838,  Svo.  7.  Etymologicon  Magnum,  1818,  fol. 
8.  Theodoreti  Episcopi,  ic.  1854.  Svo.  Dr.  G.  prepared 
Pt.  1  of  the  Cat.  of  MS.  of  E.  D.  Clarke,  in  the  Bodlei.an 
Library,  1812,  4to.  For  an  account  of  his  life  and  par- 
ticulars of  his  literary  lalnjurs,  we  refer  to  the  London 
Athen,^um  anil  the  Gent.  Mag. 

Gaitskcll,  Wm.,  Surgeon,  Med.  .and  Chem.  con.  to 
Med.  Facts.  1793:  Memoir.^  Med..  1793,  '95,  '99. 

Galhraith,  Kev.  Joseph  A.,  and  Rev.  Samuel 
Haughton.  1.  Manual  of  Plane  Trigonometry,  Lon., 
1851,  12mo. 


GAL 

Svo.  3.  By  Messrs.  Galbraith  and  Haughton,  in  conjunc- 
tion with  Erasmus  Smith,  Manual  of  Astronomy,  1855,  fp. 
Svo.  Mr.  G.  has  pub.  several  works  on  mathematics,  me- 
chanics, and  nat.  philos. 

Galbraith,  Richard.     Latiu  Grammar,  Virgd,  Ac, 
1841-46. 

Galbraith,  Wm.     Works  on  surveying,  astronomy, 
and  engineering,  1842,  Ac. 

Gale.  Cabinet  of  Knowledge,  1797.  12mo. 
Gale,  Benjamin,  M.D.,  1715-1790,  a  native  of  Long 
Island,  pub.  a  Treatise  on  luoculation  for  the  Small  Pox, 
Phil  'irans.,  1763;  on  the  Bite  of  Raltlesnakes,  same  year; 
some  Essavs  in  Transac.  Med.  Soc.  of  New  Haven ;  and  a 
Dissert,  on  the  Prophecies.  See  Thachcr's  Amer.  Med.  Biog. 
Gale,  C.  J.  1.  Stat.  3  and  4  Will.  IV.,  c.  42,  Lon.,  1S33, 
12mo  2.  Rep.  Ct.  Ex.,  1836-38,  2  vols.  Svo.  3.  Rep.  Case 
of  the  Queen  ...  S.  W.  R.  R.  Co.,  1842,  r.  Svo.  4.  C.  J.  G. 
and  Tho.  D.  Whately,  Law  of  Easements,  1839,  Svo ;  .2d 
ed  1848.  1st  Amer.  ed.,  by  E.  Hammond,  N.  York,  1840, 
Svo  6.  C.  J.  G.  and  H.  Davison.  Rep.  Ct.  Q.  B.  and  Ex. 
C     1841-43,  3  vols.  Svo;  1841-43.     See  Datison,  H. 

Gale,  Dunstan.  Pyr.amus  and  Thisbe,  a  Lovely  Poem, 
Lon.,  1617,  4to.  Bindley.  Pt.  4,  167,  £6  8s.  &d.  See  Rit- 
son's  Bibl.  Poet.,  214.  215.  . 

Gale,  John,  1680-1721,  an  eminent  Baptist  divine,  a 
native  of  London,  studied  at  Leydeu  and  Amsterdam,  and 
ou  his  return  home  became  one  of  the  ministers  of  St. 
Paul's  Alloy,  near  Barbican,  London.  Wm.  AVall,  D.D., 
pub  his  Hist,  of  Infant  Baptism  in  1705,  2  vols.  Svoj  2d 
ed  1707,  4to.  In  1711,  Svo,  Gale  pub.  (1)  Reflections  on 
Wall's  Defence  of  Infant  Baptism,  2d  cd.,  1720,  Svo.  New 
ed..  1820,  Svo.  Wall  responded  to  Gale:  see  Wall,  ^^  si., 
D.D.     The  reader  must  procure   The   History  of  Infant 


Baptism,  together  with  Gale's  Reflections  and  Wall's  De- 
fence. New  ed.,  by  the  Rev.  Henry  Cotton,  D.C.L.,  1836, 
4  vols.  Svo :  again,  1844,  4  vols.  Svo. 

"  Both  the  works  of  these  learned  writers  on  this  subject  are 
worthy  of  examination  on  account  of  the  learning  and  knowledge 
of  ecclesiastical  history  which  they  contain."- OniK's  BM.  Bih. 

The  publication  of  Gale's  work  gave  him  reputation, 
and  it  is  still  perhaps  the  best  work  on  the  subject. 

"Gale  and  Booth  are  the  piiucipal  standard  works  on  the  side 
of  the  Baptists."— BicKERSTETB. 

2.  Serms.  on  several  occasions,  2d  ed.,  1726,  4  vols.  Svo. 
"  lie  was  considered  to  be  one  of  the  ablest  ministers  of  his  time 
among  the  general  Baptists.  The  congregation  to  which  Dr.  Gale 
preached  is  said  to  have  been  numerous  and  respectable;  his  voice 
was  clear  and  melodious,  his  stvle  easy  and  strong,  his  method 
exact,  his  reasoning  convincing."- iJ"<(ue  and  Benmlt's  Hist,  of  the 
Di^se7lt€rs. 

See  his  serms.  highly  commended  in  the  Lon.  Theolog. 

Mag.;  aJsorefer  to  Life  prefixed  to  his  Works;  Biog.  Brit. ; 

Nichols's  AtterburyCorresp.;  Crosby's  Hist,  of  the  Baptists. 

'      Gale,  Levin.     A  List  of  Eng.  Stalutes  supposed  to  be 

applicable  to  the  several  States  of  the  Union,  Svo. 

Gale,  Roger,  1672-1744.  a  sou  of  the  learned  Thomas 
Gale,  D.D.,  educated  at,  and  FeUow  of,  Trin.  Coll.,  Camb., 
i  represented  Northallerton  in  three  parliaments,  was  Com- 
I  missioner  of  Excise,  and  the  first  Vice-President  of  tho  An- 
tiquarian  Society.  1.  The  Knowledge  of  Medals,  from  the 
French  of  Jobert,  Lon.,  1697,  1715,  Svo.  2.  Antonini  Iter 
Brit:inniaruui  Comnicntariis  ilUistratum,  1709,  4to,  3.  Re- 
gistrum  Honoris  de  Richmond,  ex  libro  Domesday,  1722, 
fol.  4.  Antiquarian  con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1718,  '23,  '36,  '45  ; 
to  Archa'ol.,  vol.  ii.  p.  25  ;  to  Leland's  Itinerary,  vol.  vi. 
p.  93.  See  Nichols's  Lit.  Anecdotes ;  Bibl.  Top.  Brit..  No.  2. 
Gale,  S.,  of  Charleston,  South  Carolina.  Four  Essays 
on  the  Nature  and  Principles  of  Public  Credit,  Lon,,  1784, 
'85,  '86,  Svo.  See  an  interesting  article  on  the  English 
Sinking  Fund — "  the  grossest  delusion,  certainly,  by  which 
any  civilized  people  was  ever  blinded  and  deceived" — in 
McCulIoeh's  Lit.  of  Polit.  Econ.,  334-36. 

Gale,  Samuel,  168'2-1754,  a  brother  of  Roger  Gale, 
was  one  of  the  revivers  of  the  Antiquarian  Society  in 
1717,  and  the  first  treasurer,  1.  Hist,  and  .\ntiq.  of  Win- 
chester Cathedral,  begun  by  the  Right  Hon.  Henry,  Earl 
of  Clarendon,  and  continued  to  this  time,  Lon.,  1715,  Svo. 
2,  Antiquarian  con,  to  Archajol.,  1770,  and  in  the  Bibl.  Top. 
Brit. 

Gale,  Theophilus,  1628-1678,  a  learned  Noncon- 
i  formist,  a  native  of  Devonshire,  educated  at,  and  Fellow 
',  of,  Magdalen  Coll.,  Oxf.,  settled  at  Winchester,  and  became 
a  popular  preacher.     Refusing  to  conform  at  the  Restora- 
tion, he  was  ejected  from  his  fellowship,  travelled  as  tutor 
with  the  two  sons  of  Lord  Wharton,  and  on  his  return  be- 
came assistant  and  subsequently  successor  to  Mr,  John 
Rowe,  who  had  a  congregation  at  Holborn.    He  bequeathed 
library  to  the  promotion  of  dissenting  principles  in 


_ ^_  _  ,     hi:  .  .  _   .         _ 

Manual  of  Ai-ithmetic,°2d  ed.,  1855,  fp.  !  England.     He  pub.  four  Serms.,  1671,  72,  '73,  '74.     The 

617 


GAL 

true  idea  of  Jansenism,  ]6C9,  8vo;  a  biog.  notice  of  T. 
Tregasse,  l.,,l;  Idea;  Theologize,  1673,  8v"o;  Philosophia 
Generalis,  lb,  6,  12mo;  and  Tlie  Court  of  tlie  Gentiles,-  or, 
a  D.seourse  touching  the  Original  of  Human  Literature 
both  Pin lologic  and  Philosorhic,  from  the  Scriptures  and 
Jewish  Church  Ac  In  4  Pts.,  but  pub.  in  5  vols.,  viz. 
Vo  .  1,  Ft.  1  of  Philologie,  Books  1,  2,  3,  2d  eJ.,  revised 
and  cnhirged,  0.^f..  1672,  4to.  Vol.  ii.,  Pt.  2,  of  Barbaric 
and  (jiccanic  Philosophic,  Books  1,  2,  3,  4,  2d  ed.,  enlarged, 
Lon.  ]h,6,  4to.  Vol.  iii.,  Pt,  3,  The  Vanity  of  Pagan  Phi- 
losophic demonstrated,  Books  1,  2.  1077,  4to.  Vol  iv  Pt 
4,  of  Reformed  Philosophic,  Books  1,  2,  1677,  4to.  Vol  v 
Pt.  4  continued,  of  Reformed  Philosophic,  Book  3,  I682! 
4to.  It  IS  this  last  part,  treating  of  divine  Predetermina- 
tion, Book  3  of  Pt.  4,  which  is  so  often  wanting.  The  1st 
eds.  of  the  5  Pts.  were  pub.  1669-77.  This  great  work 
occupied  the  author  for  more  than  twenty  years.  It  had  a 
narrow  escape  from  destruction  by  fire.  8ee  Athen.  Oxon. 
"They  [the  various  p,irt6  of  which  the  work  is  composed]  shew 
tlie  author  to  have  been  well  read  in,  and  conversant  with,  the 
writings  of  the  fathers,  the  old  philosophers,  and  those  that  have 
given  auy  account  of  them  or  their  works :  as  also  to  have  been  a 
good  m,-taph.vsician  and  school-divine."— .4W,m   Oxon 

"  This  learned  and  elaborate  work,  after  falling  for  a  time  into 
obscurity  is  now  m  great  repute.  The  leading  object  of  it  is,  to 
trace  all  human  learning,  philosophy,  and  religion,  to  the  ancient 
Scriptures  .and  the  Jewish  church.  Gale  certainly  carries  his  ideas 
fh,t  tL  ;1  1*^  must^he  very  prejudiced  or  stupid  who  does  not  see 
that  the  substance  of  his  argument  is  made  out.  The  style  of  the 
work  IS  clumsy  and  verbose,  the  numerous  quotations  render  it 
irksome  to  read,  and  tbe  reasonings  are,  in  some  pCs,  obscure 
and  metaphysical;  but  it  is  a  work  of  real  merit  and  learning,  and 

rid  o7sLlr,'''^".^-"i?Ti?='"™  '"  '^^"'^  '''">  ""  partial  to  the 
kind  of  subjects  which  it  discusses."— Ornu-'s  Bihl  Sib 

'Our  countryman  Gale  is  for  deriving  all  a,ts  and  sciences 
wl=  b,"  ,"™'"'°"',f''rv."''=  J«>"-  VVho  would  not  think  the  man 
was  bantering  us,  had  he  not  given  so  sad  a  proof  of  his  being  in 

SI  f  VYh-*"  '"■'"';?.  ""■''''  ''""'-''  volumes  in  support  of  These 
wonderfuldiscovenes!"- BisBOP  Warbdrto.v 

,^r'^?„»"^"'  ""''  •'a'=*  B'-ya"'-  when  writing  his  Ancient  System 
Dr  PARR  '''^'  ""'  °'""'  "*'"  ''^  ''^■''■''  '^°"'-'  °'  "">  Oeutiles."- 
J^'^nn  '""T'"'  ^''T\S,<'"['^ip^  "  vast  body  of  information  on  Pa- 

Bickersteth  also  commends  Gale's  Discourse  concerning 
Christ  s  Second  Coming,  1673,  8vo ;  new  ed.,  1839, 18mo,  a1 

"A  very  practical  and  useful  work."  ' 

We  do  not  forget  that  the  Ars  Sciendi,  16S2,  8vo  is  as- 
cribed to  Gale  by  Wood,  but  Calamy  expressly  denies  it 
to  be  his.  He  left  in  MS.  an  unfinished  lexicon  and  con- 
cordance (in  one)  of  the  Greek  Test.,  proposals  for  publish- 
ing which  he  issued  in  167S.  Why  does  not  some  enter- 
prising bookseller  republish  the  Court  of  the  Gentiles  '  It 
IS  now  rarely  to  be  mot  with  complete,  and  is  worth  not 
much  less  than  £3.  See  authorities  cited  above;  also 
Biog.  Brit.,  and  Brucker's  Hist,  of  Philos 

Gale,  Thomas,  b.  1.507,  an  eminent  English  sur- 
geon served  in  the  army,  and  subse.:|ucntly  settled  in 
London  where  he  acquired  great  reputation  for  profes- 
sional skill.  L  Treatise  of  Gun-shot  Wounds,  Lon.  1563, 
.■^°'  /■  l'°<!lnndion  of  Chirurgerie,  1563,  8vo.  3  Trea- 
tise of  Gun-shot  Wounds,  Institution  of  a  Chirurgeon, 
Enchiridion  of  Surgery,  and  Antidotaire  ;  all  four  prTntcd 
toge  her,  1563,  ;86,  4to.  4.  Certain  Wo;ks  of  Ga'^en,  in 
English    1586,  4to.     5.  Whole  Works  of  John  Vigo,  kc, 

bu7s'o™rr°f ''t'h'''''''"'''''^  *>' ■■'"5' °' ''■'■•'''^  "^  ""'"f  »«'b  v.alue, 
but  some  of  them  contain   curious   information  resnectin-  thj 

mog.  Meu'^^S'""  "'  '""  "■"^•"  ^-  ^-"--^  BillTlikius 
^.fV"'  "^homas,  D.D.,  1636-1702,  father  of  Roger 
and  Samuel  Gale,  one  of  the  most  eminent  of  English 
classical  scholars,  a  native  of  Yorkshire,  was  educated  at 
Westminster  school  and  Trin.  Coll.,  Camb.,  of  which  he 

wT«i  P  r  •A^^'',"T^''"f-  "f  «'-<^«I<.  1866;  Head  Mas- 
^I„J  h     ''"'  "  School,  London,  1672 ;  Preb.  of  St  Paul's 

WV'  "^Ftr  "'  T°?b  ''"•  "^  r-^-  Opuscllla  Mytho: 
logica,  Ethica,  et  Physica,  Gr.  et  Lat.,  Svo;  Hisioria3 
Poeticae  Scnptores  antiqui,  8ro;  Rhetores  Selecti,  8vo  • 
Jambhchus  de  Mysteriis;  Psalterium  ju.xta  E.xemplar 
Alexandrinum  ;  Herodoti  Historiarum;  Ciceronis  Opera  • 
Historiao  Anglicana)  Scriptores,  fob;  Hietoria;  Britan' 
niciB  SaxoniciB  Anglo-Danicaj  Scriptores  XV  accessit 
rerum  et  Verborum  Index  Locupletissimus,  fol. ;  contains 
Gildas,  Lddius,  Nennius,  Asser,  Ralph  Higden,  Polychro- 
nicon,  Guil.  Malmsburiensis,  Jo.  Wallingford,  Fordunus, 
Alcuinis,  et  aliorum.  ' 

There  were  pub.  after  his  death  from  his  MSS  a  vol 
of  serms.  on  the  Holy  Days  of  the  Ch.  of  England,  1704' 
im^if  ^  tk'""'  I'i"'^'-';""'"  Britannia,,  pub.  by  bis  son 
643  "  "  ^        '•''^"'    '^  I^is«""'se  of  Dr.  Gale's 


GAL 


on  the  Original  of  Human  Literature,  with  Philology  and 
Philosophy,  will  be  found  in  Phil.  Trans.,  vol.  vi  The 
portion  of  the  Rerum  Anglicarum  Scriptores  veteres,  edited 
by  him,  is  not  thought  to  be  equal  to  that  edited  by  Wm 
-ulman:  see  the  name.  See  Biog.  Brit.;  Knight's  Life 
of  Colet;  Nichols's  Lit.  Anec. 
"The  reason  why  I  troubled  you  with  the  question  to  Mr. Gale 

Zlf^tl^)^^r  i'^^'i^r,  '"*  ""'"1^'  preserved  as  Dean  Gale's 
c«;toW(,o»^s  4c  which  I  was  sensible  did  not  come  down  with 
his  MSS.  And  If  they  were,  secondly,  to  know  how  to  get  at  them 
for  there  is  one  or  two  that  I  should  be  glad  to  consult  "—Dr 

l.a»redus  Monumetensis.  Amjlioe,  Geoffrey 
OF  Monmouth,  q.  v. 

Galitfe,  James  A.  Italy  and  its  Inhabitants:  Ac- 
count of  a  Tour,  1816-17,  Lon.,  1820,  2  vols.  Svo 

(.ahndo,  Mrs.     Lett,  to  Mrs.  Siddons,  1809,  Svo 

l.alindiis,  Fortuniiis.  Discourse  of  the  Reasons 
why  the  Jesuits  are  so  generally  hated,  Lon.,  1659   Svo 

Gall,  James.     1.  The  End  and  Essence  of  Sabbat'h- 

fooQ  ,0"'"'''°=  '""'  ^""""y  Religious  Instruction,  Lon., 
iojy,  Izmo.  ' 

ii,";SSy/cv:"..1,,r'™'"™  "■"  ^■"P'y  ^'^^y  attention.-- 
2.  Gosp.  of  St,  John  for  the  Blind,  4to.     3.  Philos   of 
Education,   12mo      4-7.  Help  to  the  Acts;  the  Gospels; 
Life  of  Christ;  St.  Luke's  Gospel. 

Gall,  Richard,  1776-1801,  a  printer  of  Edinbureh 
gained  considerable  reputation  as  a  poet.  His  best  knowi! 
songs  are  My  only  Jo  and  Dearie  0,  the  Farewell  to  Ayr 
shire  There's  wacfu'  news  in  yon  town.  As  I  came  throuch 
Glendochart  Vale,  The  Braes  o'  Drumlie,  I  winna  gane 
back  to  my  Minny  again,  and  Peggy  wi'  the  gowden  hair! 
Ihe  poem  of  Arthur's  Seat  has  also  been  highly  com 
mended  A  vol.  of  his  Poems  and  Songs,  with  a  Memoir, 
was  pub.  after  his  death,  Edin.,  12mo. 

.u"T'"'J°r',.™*'"'^'^''"""''^  Seat  displays,  in  many  passages 
the  fervid  feeling  and  buoyant  fancy  of  a  trie  poc-t :  and  of  the 
songs  It  IS  far  higher  praise  than  any  criticism'^of  ours  can  b^ 
stow,  to  mention,  that  some  of  them  have  been  commonly  mis- 
taken for  genume  effusions  of  Bums,  and  that  others  h.ave  loni? 
ago  obtained  in  Scotland  that  extensive  and  settled  popularuf 
which  forms  the  surest  test  of  the  author's  adherence  to  trSth  and 
Rjt„  f/<'°>l"/™P';"'J',';haracterizesaU  his  lyrical  effusions." 
— JiAlm.  Maij.  and  Lit.  Miscdl. 

tb»S"  °;"p'  '"^""'"'■'h  stand  on  the  Hst  next  to  Bums,  and  by 
the  side  of  Ramsay,  Fergusson,  Bruce,  and  Macneill,  It  is  in  his 
songs  and  short  effusions  that  Gall's  name  is  destined  to  live 
There  is  nothing  better  or  sweeter  in  the  Scottish  language  than 
some  of  these;  and  whenever  Gall's  songs  are  set  to  appropriate 
airs,  It  IS  easy  without  the  spirit  of  prophecy,  to  foretell  the  r 
popularity.  My  mUy  Jm  and  Dearie  O^and  the  FarZmto  Tyr- 
sAirc,  are  known  to  every  lover  of  modem  Scottish  song  -—ScoUman 
JJ-  ■■''"'""'»■■  "hen  this  song  [My  only  Jo  and  Dearie  01  was  ex^ 
ceedmgly  poiiular;  its  sweetness  and  ease,  rather  than  its  origi- 
nality and  vigour,  might  be  the  cause  of  its  success.  The  third 
InmtvTl'It""  H  '■"''  ^'^"F"'  Pi'^t"'-'*  »f  <!'->rly  nttachment-a 
ff^  J.^b  '  1;!*  'T*  ""'■'■'  '""  school-girl  will  appear  to  many 
a  fancy  when  these  hues  are  sung."— Allan  CiiNNiiioHiM  " 

Gallagher,  MattheAV,  printer,  Trinidad.     Letters 

°i°  .1.  T™','  ''°''  *"  "'"  ^"'r'-i^-  "ud  Discharge  of  the 
Author,  Trinidad,  ISIO,  12nio. 

Gallagher,  William  D.,  b.  in  Phikdelphiain  180S 
removed  to  Cincinnati  in  1816,  and  in  his  seventeenth 
year  entered  the  printing-office  of  a  newspaper  of  that 
city.  Ihero  his  literary  talents  soon  attracted  attention, 
although  the  young  author  preserved  his  incognito  for  a 
number  ot  years;  and  in  1830  Mr.  Gallagher  formed  a 
connection  with  the  Backwoodsman,  a  political  journal 
pub.  at  Xenua,  Ohio.  In  1831  he  became  editor  of  The 
Cincinnati  Mirror ;  in  1836  of  The  Western  Literary  Jour- 
nal and  Monthly  Review,  and  in  1837  of  The  Western 
Monthly  Mag:izinc  and  Literary  Journal.  He  ha«  since 
been  engaged  in  the  management  of  several  periodicals. 
Wlaen  Mr.Corwin  became  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  in 
1849  he  appointed  Mr.  Gallagher  his  confidential  clerk, 
and  he  resided  in  Washington  until  1853,  when  he  removed 
to  Louisville  Kentucky,  where  ho  was  for  a  brief  period 
one  of  the  editors  of  the  Daily  Courier.  For  further  parti- 
culars respecting  this  laborious  son  of  letters  we  must 
relor  the  reader  to  the  source  for  which  we  are  indebted 
to  the  above  facts— Griswold's  Poets  and  Poetry  of  Ame- 

Mr.  Gallagher  is  the  author  of  many  poems,  some  of 
which  have  elicited  enthusiastic  commendation.  Ho  has 
pub.  three  small  vols,  of  his  juvenile  poetical  composi- 

r«'  Tlr  "■"  .""'  "f  '^'■™"''  l**35-37,  and  a  vol.,  in 
1846,  of  the  productions  of  maturer  years.  Some  of  his 
pieces  w-iU  be  found  in  Selections  from  the  Poetical  Litera- 
ture of  the  West,  Cincinnati,  1841 

„  Jl'""i  P°«".' of  Mr.  Gallagher  are  numerous,  various,  and  of  very 
unequal  merit  Some  are  exquisitely  modulated,  and  in  every 
respect   finished   with    excellent  judgment,  while  others  aJeYn^ 


GAL 

barmonioup,  inelesant,  and  b>'tray  iinniistnkeablesignsof  careless- 
ness.   His  most  unstuilu-d  lu-ifurinantt'S.  however,  are  apt  to  be 
forcible  and  picturesque.  fi;iL'r:nit  with  the  freshness  of  western 
woof-Is  and  fields,  and  instinct  wirh  the  aspiring  and  determined 
life  of  the  race  of  western  men.    The  poet  of  a  new  country  isnatu-  | 
mlly  of  the  party  of  progress:  his  noblest  theme  is  man,  and  his  ' 
highest    law.  liberty." — R.  W.  OitiswoLD,  tiln    mtpra.      And  see  I 
ISouthern  Literary  Messenger,  h'.  452. 

Gallatin,  Albert,  1761-1849,  a  native  of  Geneva, 
emigrated  to  America  in  his  nineteenth  year,  and,  entering 
into  political  life,  became,  in  17'J0,  a  member  of  the  Penn-  ; 
sylvauia  Lej;it:lature ;  in  1792,  a  member  of  the  national  i 
House  of  Representatives  ;  in  179S,  U.  States  Senator;  in  1 
ISOl,  Secretary  of  the  IT.  States  Treasury;  in  1813.  com-  I 
missioncr  to  Ghent;  subsequently,  minister  from  the  U.  | 
States  to   France,  the  Netherhuuls,  antl  England,  succes- 
sively.    He  had  great  natural  powers  and  enlarged  erudi-  i 
tion,  and  devoted  much  attention  to  ethnology,  philology,  ] 
and  political  economy.     He  pub.  an  Indian  Vocabulary —  I 
a  subject  in  which  he  took  a  lively  and  intelligent  inte-  \ 
i-est ; — Views  of  the  Public  Debt  in   1801;  Reports  and  ^ 
Letters  rel.  to  the  U.  States  Bank.  ISU),  '11  ;  Considera-  , 
tions  on   the  Currency  and    Baifliing   System  of  the   U. 
States,    18:n;    Tlie   R'igbt  of  the   U.  S.   of  Amer.  to   the 
North-Eastern    Boundary    claimed    by   thcui.    1840,   ^43  ; 
pome  historical  and   other  papers.     He  died  at  Astoria, 
New  York,  in  1810.     Some  interesting  reminiscences  of 
Gallatin  will  be  found  in  Judge  Story's  Life  and  Letters, 

"He  is  a  most  industrious  and  indefatigable  man,  and,  by  the 
consent  of  all  parties,  of  accomplished  genius  and  great  acquire- 
ments. .  .  .  Let  me  say  he  is  a  truly  great  statesman.  I  rank  him 
side  by  side  with  Alexander  Hamilton.  .  .  .  Mr.  Gallatin  preserved 
a  purity  of  rhar;icter  that  is  as  valuable  in  a  politicl.in  as  it  is  rare. 
A  man  o!  gn;it  leaniiug.  he  daily  adds  weight  to  his  counsels,  and 
glory  to  his  name." — Jlipge  Stort.  uln  mipm. 

See  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  Hi.  424-452;  Democratic  Rev.,  with 
portrait,  xii.  ("id;  Banker's  Mag.,  Boston,  iv.  773;  an  in- 
teresting sketch  by  "Sentinel,"  originally  pub.  in  the  N. 
York  Courier  and  Inquirer,  in  the  Living  Age,  Boston, 
xxiii.  324;  Reminiscences  of  Albert  Gallatin,  by  John 
Russell  Bartlett,  N.  York.  1849. 

Gallaudet,  Rev.  Thomas  H,,  LL.D.,  I7S7-1851, 
a  native  of  Philadelphia,  late  Principal  of  the  Connecticut 
Asylum,  U.  States,  for  the  Education  of  the  Deaf  and 
Dumb.     1.  XVI.  Discourses,  Lon.,  1818,  Svo. 

"Admiralile  specimens  ot  composition  for  the  pulpit;  equally 
remote  from  coldness  and  enthusiasm;  animated,  interesting,  and 
judicinus." — Lon.  Cfiris.  Observi^r. 

2.  Bible  Stories  for  the  Young,  1838.  18mo. 

"  .\^  series  of  Scripture  Stories  for  the  Young,  told  in  the  Author's 
own  winning  manner." — Sundat/School  Teacher's  Miig.,  Oct.  18o8. 

3.  The  Child's  Book  of  the  Soul,  3d  ed.,  1850,  18mo. 

Dr.  G.  also  pub.  The  Youth's  Book  of  Natural  Theo- 
logy, N.  York,  1852,  a  Family  and  School  Dictionary,  {in 
conjunction  with  Horace  Hooker,)  Ac.  For  an  account 
of  his  Life,  Character,  and  Public  Services,  see  the  Dis- 
course so  entitled,  by  H.  Barnard,  Hartford,  1852,  Svo, 
and  Barnard's  Tribute  to  Gallaudet,  N.  York,  1852.  Not 
only  as  an  author,  but  also  as  a  most  intelligent  instructor 
of  the  deaf  and  dumb,  Mr.  Gallaudet  was  a  man  of  eminent 
usefulness.  A  review  of  Mr.  G.'s  serms.  will  be  found  in 
the  Christian  Monthly  Spectator,  New  Haven,  i.  27.  Seo 
also  Life  by  Rev.  H.  Humphrey,  D.D.,  N.  York,  1857,  12mo. 
Reviewed  in  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  Oct.  1858.  by  0.  Tiffany. 

Gallaway,  Wm.     Scrms..  1692.  '94,  '97. 

Galley,  George.     Live  Stock,  Lon.,  1786,  8vo. 

Gallianl.  The  Hymn  of  Adam  and  Eve,  out  of  Mil- 
ton, sot  to  musie,  Lon.,  1728. 

Galliarcl,  Biadshaw.     Odes,  Lon.,  1774,  4to. 

Galliiuore^  Francis.     Serra.,  1694,  4to. 

Gallisoii,  John,  1788-1820,  a  native  of  Marblehead, 
Massachu.-^etts,  a  nephew  of  Chief  Justice  Sewall,  educated 
at  Cambridge  Uuiversity,  jiractised  law  for  a  brief  period 
in  his  native  town,  and  subsequently  removed  to  Boston, 
where,  for  a  year  or  two.  he  edited  the  Weekly  Messenger. 
In  addition  to  his  excellent  Reports,  he  pub.  an  Address 
to  the  Peace  Society,  1820,  <fcc.  Reports  of  Cases  in  Cir. 
Ct.  U.  States,  IstCir.,  1812-15;  vol.  i.,  1815;  vol.  li.,  1817. 
2d  ed.,  with  addit.  Notes  and  References,  Boston,  1845,  2 
vols.  8vo.  Of  the  judgments  of  Mr.  Justice  Story  during 
his  circuits  in  1812  and  1813,  (see  vol.  i.,)  only  four  were 
reversed  by  the  Supreme  Court;  and  of  the  judgments  re- 
corded in  vol.  i..  no  one  was  reversed.  The  leading  cases 
in  vol.  i.  are.  The  Rapid.  The  Grotius,  The  Julia,  The  Alli- 
gator, and  U.  S.  v.  Wonson,  all  involving  questions  in  Ad- 
miralty and  Prize  Law,  as  do  most  of  the  cases  in  this  vol. 
The  leading  cases  in  vol.  ii.  are,  Maissonnaire  v.  Keating, 
The  Invincible,  The  Jerusalem,  aud  the  celebrated  case  of 
Be  Lovio  w  Boit. 

"I  should  omit  doing  justice  to  my  own  feelings,  as  well  as  to 
the  cause  of  truth,  if  I  were  not  to  select  the  decisions  in  Gallison's 


GAL 

and  Mason's  Iteports.  as  specimens  of  pre-eminent  merit.  They 
may  fairly  be  placed  upon  a  level  with  the  best  productions  of  the 
Ent^lish  Admiralty,  for  deep  and  accurate  learning,  as  well  as  for 
the  hiiihest  ability  and  wisdom  in  decision." — 3  Kftit,  "20;  2:  527. 

Judge  Story  sent  these  volumes  {1st  ed.)  to  Sir  William 
Scott,  who  thus  acknowledged  their  receipt: 

"I  have  received  with  great  pleasure  the  volumes  of  Reports, 
and  am  very  glad  to  add  my  testimony  to  the  acuteness  and  learn- 
ing which  are  everywhere  displayed  in  them.  It  is  highly  gratify- 
ing to  us  to  see  the  same  printiple-s  to  which  we  think  we  owe  go 
much  in  England,  still  adhered  to  in  America,  and  built  upon  as 
occasion  may  retjuiie.  with  equal  zeal,  but  with  equal  caution  in 
all  the  deductions." — Sir  Witliain  Scott  to  Judgt  Stori/,  London,  July 
2, 1818.     Thr  Life  and  Letters  of  Joseph  Story,  i.  307. 

From  the  same  interesting  work  we  extract  the  following 
anecdote : 

"  At  an  evening  club,  where  Sir  James  Mackintosh  was  present 
with  I..ord  Stowell,  (then  Sir  William  Scott,)  Sir  William  lirant 
came  in  with  a  book  in  his  pocket,  which  was  no  other  than  a  vo- 
lume of  the  Reports  of  the  excellent  and  lamented  Gallison,  and 
which  he  drew  out  rather  archly,  observing  to  Sir  William  Scott, 
'This  Mr.  Story  appears  to  be  a  promising  pupil;'  adding,  'You 
must  not  expect  these  doctrines  of  yours  to  be  confined  to  one 
belligerent  power,  but  they  must  make  the  tour  of  all  the  belli- 
gerents.' This  was  done  by  Sir  AVilliam  Grant,  as  Sir  James  Mack- 
intosh said.  '  with  malice  prepense.'  " 

To  Gallison's  Report  of  Judge  Story's  decisions  must  bo 
added  those  of  William  P.  Mason,  {q.  v.,)  Boston,  1836, 
5  vols.  Svo,  aud  those  of  Charles  Sumner,  {q.  v.,)  1851, 
3  vols.  8vo. 

In  Judge  Story's  admirable  .address  upon  the  Progress 
of  Jurisprudence,  delivered  before  the  Members  of  the 
Suffolk  Bar,  Sept.  4,  1821,  will  be  found  an  eloquent  tri- 
bute to  tho  virtues  of  GalUson,  who  had  died  in  the  pre- 
ceding year.     We  append  an  extract: 

'■I  will  nrit  dwell  upon  his  distinguished  talents  and  virtues, 
his  Ijl.iiiiilrvs  innocence  of  life,  his  elevated  piety,  his  unwearied 
dilij>  111  ■■,  III-  i'\tpnsive  learning,  his  ardent  devotion  to  literature, 
his  aclive  lienevolence,  exhausting  itself  in  good  deeds,  and  Milush- 
ing  to  find  it  fame.'  You  knew  him  well,  and  your  sympathies 
have  mingled  with  the  tears  and  sorrows  that  embalm  his  memory. 
But  I  may  propose  him  as  an  example,  polished,  if  not  perfect,  of 
that  excellence  which  the  studies  I  have  this  day  ventured  to  re- 
commend, are  calculated  to  produce." 

Sec  also  The  Character  of  Mr.  Gallison,  by  W.  Phillips, 
in  the  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  xii.  424,  and  a  Memoir  of  Mr.  G.,  in 
the  Christian  Disciple,  Boston,  lii.  15. 

Galloway,  Lieut. -Col.  Ou  the  Law  and  Constitu- 
tion of  India,  Lon.,  8vo. 

Galloway,  George.  1.  The  Admirable  Crichton;  a 
Trag.,  1802,  Svo.  2.  The  Battle  of  Luncarty ;  a  Hist.  Play, 
1806,  12mo. 

Galloway,  John  Cole.  1.  Serm.,  1779,  Svo.  2. 17 
Seruis.,  Lon.,  1785,  Svo. 

Galloway,  Joseph,  17.^0-1803,  a  native  of  England, 
became  an  eminent  lawyer  in  Pennsylvania,  was  a  speaker 
of  the  House  of  Assembly,  and  subsequently  a  member  of 
the  first  Congress,  1774.  Ho  was  opposed  to  the  separa- 
tion of  the  colonies  from  Great  Britain,  joined  the  British 
Army,  and  in  1778  went  to  England;  deserting  an  estate, 
according  to  his  statement  before  the  House  of  Commons 
in  1779,  (pub.  Lon.,  1779,  Svo,)  worth  more  than  £40,000. 
He  pub.  several  tracts  respecting  the  war  and  its  conduct, 
and  some  other  works.  1.  Speech  in  answer  to  John  Dick- 
inson, Lon.  and  Phila.,  17G4,  Svo.  2.  Candid  Examina- 
tion, N.  York,  1775,  Svo;  Lon.,  1780.  Svo.  3.  Letters  to  a 
Nobleman,  1779,  Svo.  4.  Reply  to  Sir  Wm.  Howe.  1780, 
Svo.  5.  Cool  Thoughts,  1780,  Svo.  6.  Hist,  and  Polit.  Re- 
flec,  1780,  Svo.  7.  Letter  to  Lord  Howe,  1780.  8.  Com- 
ment, upon  the  Revelation,  Ac,  1802,  Svo.  9.  Prophet, 
and  Anticipated  Hist,  of  Rome,  1803,  Svo.  See  Franklin's 
Works;  Lon.  Monthly  Rev.;  Sabine's  Hist,  of  the  Royal- 
ists; Curwen's  Jour.,  edited  by  AVard;  Trumbull's  McFin- 
gal.  Canto  III. 

A  new  ed.  of  Galloway's  Exara.,  by  a  Com^^  of  the  House 
of  Commons,  has  just  made  its  appearance,  Phila.,  1855, 
r.  Svo.  It  is  reprinted  by  the  Council  of  the  Seventy-six 
Society,  edited  by  Thomas  Balch,  Esq.,  a  lawyer  of  Phila., 
to  whom  the  public  is  also  indebted  for  Letters  and  Papers 
relating  chiefly  to  the  Provincial  Hist,  of  Penna.  Pri- 
vately printed,  Phila.,  1S55,  12mo,  and  other  valuable  his- 
torical papers. 

Galloway,  Patrick.     See  Galoway. 
Galloway,  Uobeit.     Poems,  Glasg.,  1788,  12mo. 
Galloway,  Robert.    1.  Manual  of  Quantitative  Ana- 
lysis, Lon.,  1850,  p.  Svo. 

'■  This  is  really  a  valuable  little  book.  We  have  not  for  a  long 
time  met  with  an  introductory  Manual  which  so  completely  fulfils 
its  intention." — Lon.  Atlienn^am. 

2.  The  First  Step  in  Chemistry,  1851,  p.  Svo. 

"■We  heartily  commend  this  unpretendiugand  useful  work  to  the 

be,ids  of  srlini;tstic  i-stablishuients,  and  to  others  who  are  anxious 

to  initials  Ibrii'  jmjiils  into  the  principles  of  a  most  fascinating  and 

most  useful  branrh  of  human  knowledge." — Lon.  Jour,  of  Medicine, 

M9 


GAL 


GAM 


Galloway,  Wm.  Brown,  Curate  of  Barnard  Castle. 
1.  Philos.  and  Relig.,  revised  ed.,  Lon.,  1842.  Svo.  2.  The 
Gate  of  Prophecy,  1840,  2  vols.  Svo.  3.  Vow  of  the  Gi- 
leadite;  a  Lyric  Narrative,  1846,  fp,  Svo. 

'■  The  fine  flowing  style  in  wliiuh  it  is  writti'n,  and  tbe  pure  and 
hallowed  feeling  which  seems  to  have  dictated  every  line,  are  quali- 
ties sufficient  to  ensure  for  this  Poem  a  lasting  reputation." 

4.  An  Apocalyptic  Chart,  1852.  5.  The  Messiah  Theo- 
logically and  Practically  Contemplated,  1854,  Svo, 

Gallup,  James,  M.D.  Sketches  of  Epidemic  Diseases 
in  the  State  of  Vermont  to  1815,  1816,  Svo. 

Gaily,  Henry,  D.D.,  1G96-1769,  Lecturer  of  St.  Paul's, 
Covent-Garden,  1721;  Pruh.  of  Gloucester,  1723.  1.  Two 
Serms.,  Lon.,  1723,  Svo.  2.  The  Moral  Characters  of  Theo- 
phrastus,  from  the  Greek,  1725,  Svo.  3.  Church  and  Col- 
lege Fines,  1731,  Svo.  In  answer  to  EvERAitD  Fleetwood, 
7-  V.  4.  Serm.,  1739,  4to.  5.  Clandes.  Marriages,  1750,  '51, 
8vo.  6.  Dissert,  ags.  pronouncing  Greek  according  to  Ac- 
cents, 1754,  '55,  Svo.     7.  Second  Dissert,  on  do.,  1702,  Svo. 

Galoway,  or  Gallon  ay,  Patrick.  HisCatechi^me, 
Lon.,  15SS,  Svo. 

Galpine,  Calvin.     Serms.,  1721,  Svo;  1722,  4to. 

Galpine,  John.     Serms.,  1703,  Svo. 

Galpine,  John.  A  Synoptical  Compend  of  British 
Botany,  Salisb.,  1S05,  12mo;   Lou.,  1S06,  12mo;  Liverp., 

1819,  l2mo.     New  cd.,  Lon.,  1854,  12mo. 

''  The  most  complete  book  of  the  kind  on  so  small  a  scale,  in  the 
English  language." — Lmvndes's  Bihl.  Man. 

Gait,  John,  1779-1S39,  a  native  of  Ayrshire,  educated 
at  Greenock,  proving  unfortunate  in  trade  in  London,  com- 
menced the  study  of  the  law,  which  ho  soon  forsook  for 
letters.  He  acted  for  some  time  as  agent  to  a  company  for 
establishing  emigrants  in  Canada,  (see  his  novel  of  Lawrie 
Todd,)  but  quarrelled  with  the  Government,  and  was  sus- 
pended by  the  Cauada  Company.  After  his  return  to  Eng- 
land he  supported  himself  by  the  labours  of  a  most  prolific 
pen. 

The  following  list  of  works,  many  of  them  in  two  and 
three  vols,  each,  exhibits  a  life  of  great  literary  industry. 
1.  Four  Tragedies,  viz. ;  Maddalen,  Agamemnon,  Lady 
Macbeth,  Antonio  and  Clytemnestra.  Severely  criticized 
in  the  Lon.  Quar.  Rev.,  xi.  33—41.  2.  Voyages  aud  Travels 
in  1809,  '10,  '11.  3.  Life  of  Wolsey,  1812.  Severely  cri- 
ticized in  the  Lon.  Quar.  Rev.,  viii.  163-172.  4.  Reflec.  on 
Polit.  and  Commercial  Subjects.  5.  Letters  from  the  Le- 
vant, 1813.  6.  Life  and  Studies  of  Beuj.  West,  ISIO,  and 
Pt.  2.  7.  The  Majolo.  1816.  S.  Pictures  from  Eng.,  Scotch, 
and  Irish  Ilist.  9.  The  Wandering  Jew.  10.  Andrew  of 
Padua.     11.  The  Eartlnfuake.     12.  The  Ayrshire  Legatees, 

1820.  13.  The  Annals  of  the  Parish,  1821.  Highly  com- 
mended by  Sir  Walter  Scott;  see  his  Life.  14.  Sir  An- 
drew Wylie.  15.  The  Entail.  16.  The  Steam-Boat.  17. 
The  Provost:  thought  by  (lult  to  be  his  best  novel.  18. 
Ringan  Gilhaize.  19.  The  Spaewife.  20.  Rothelan. 
21.  The  Last  of  the  Lairds.  22.  Lawrie  Todd.  23.  South- 
ennan.  24.  Guide  to  the  Canadas,  by  A.  Picken.  25.  The 
Omen,  1824.  26.  Eben  Erskine.  27.  Glenfell.  28.  Lives 
of  the  Players.  29.  The  Bachelor's  Wife.  30.  Rocking- 
Horse.  31.  Gathering  of  the  West.  32.  Poems.  33.  The 
Member.  34.  The  Radical.  35.  Stories  of  the  Study. 
36.  Apotheosis  of  Sir  Walter  Scott.  37.  New  British 
Theatre.  38.  Memoirs  of  George  the  Third.  39.  Life  of 
Lord  Byron,  1S30.  40.  Bogle  Corbet.  1831.  41.  Stanley 
Buxton,  1832.  42.  The  Stolen  Child,  1833.  43.  Autobio- 
graphy of  John  Gait,  1833.  44.  Literary  Life  and  Mis- 
cellanies, 1S34.  Mr.  Gait  also  edited  an  edit,  of  Henry 
Mackenzie's  Works,  aud  engaged  in  other  literary  labours. 

In  addition  to  the  authorities  cited  above,  see  Lon. 
Quar.  Rev.,  vii.  297,  xxvi.  364;  Ed.  Rev.,  xxiii.  40; 
Westm.  Rev.,  xii.  405,  xiii.  345,  xvi.  321,  xvii.  182;  Fra- 
ser's  Mag.,  i.  236,  ii.  555  ;  Lon.  Mouth.  Rev.,  cxxxii.  249 ; 
Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  July,  1839,  92-94;  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  by 
Willard  Phillips,  xxxi.  380;  Life  of  the  Rev.  Sydney 
Smith,  vol.  ii. ;  Maddeu's  Life  of  the  Countess  of  Bless- 
ington;  Mrs.  Thompson's  RecoUec.  of  Lit.  Characters,  etc. 

*■  There  is  a  thorough  quiiintness  of  phrase  .ind  dialogue  in  Mr. 
Galfs  hest  works,  whiLh  plact'S  him  apart  tiom  all  other  Scotch 
novelists;  much  knowledge  of  life,  vari'-'ty  of  character,  liveliness 
and  humour,  are  displayed  in  these  novels,  and  render  them  justly 
popular.  This  humour  and  truth  were  recognised  as  admii-able 
hy  Sir  Walter  Scott.  The  public  will  not  soon  forget  his  Ayrshire 
Iiegatees.  his  Annals  of  the  I'arish,  nor  the  Entail;  which  last 
we  think  one  of  his  best  novels.  Mr.  Gait's  biof^raphies,  and 
many  of  his  other  Inter  wurks,  manufactured  for  the  booksellers, 
are  of  a  very  different  character." — Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  July,  1S39, 
03-94. 

"According  to  our  judc;ment,  he  has  never  written  better  than 
second-rate  books;  thout^h  we  have  ever  found,  in  what  we  consi- 
dered his  worst  picL-L'S.  something  of  his  best  self,  and  something 
which  carried  us  through  the  whole,  at  the  same  time  leaving  in- 
65U 


struction  fi-esh  and  precise  upon  our  minds.  And  this  is  paying  a  ' 
creat  deal,  when  we  consider  the  cataloj^ue  of  his  writinjj;s.  Indeed, 
his  mind  is  such,  that  it  cannot  t;ive  out  any  thing  belon^Jting  to 
it,  which  partakes  not  of  its  original  nature.  Strong,  and  what  is 
called  rnufjh  good  sense  is  ever  there;  familiar  but  most  expresf^ive 
thoughts  find  similar  illustrations  most  readily  with  him,  which 
we  presume  could  not  have  been  improved  by  long  study.  .  .  .  He 
is,  besidi'S,  strictly  a  moral  as  well  as  remarkablv  entertaining 
writ«r."— Zo».  M(mth.  Rev.,  vol.  xxiv..  ;V^,  S.,  1833,  249-267. 

■'  He  has  no  classic  predilections,  and  sets  up  no  favourite  au- 
thor as  a  model;  he  aims  at  no  studied  elegance  of  phrasL%  cares 
nothing  for  formal  accuracy  of  costume,  seems  not  at  all  solicitous 
about  the  dignity  of  human  nature,  and  thinks  chivalry  a  joke. 
He  leaves  all  these  matters  to  take  care  of  themselves,  and  sets  to 
work  to  reail  us  a  chapter  of  living  life,  like  one  sure  of  securing 
listeners."— Allan  Cunninguam  :  Bivg.  and  Crif.  Hist,  of  the 
Lit.  nf  the  hist  Fifty  Years. 

Gait,  Matthew.     Serms.,  1807,  Svo. 

Galton.     Conformity  required  by  Law,  1705,  Svo. 

Gallon,  S.  T.  Chart  of  Notes,  Bullion,  &c.,  Lon., 
1S13,  8vo. 

Galton,  Saml.  On  Canal  Levels,  in  Thorn.  Ann. 
Philos.,  1817. 

Gam,  David.    Adi^inis.  of  Wra.  Pitt,  Lon.,  1797,  Svo. 

Ganiage,  Wm,  Linsi-Woolsie;  or,  two  Centuries 
of  Epi^rammes,  Oxf.,  1G13,  12mo. 

*'  Another  title-page  bears  the  date  of  1621 ;  hut  it  is  rather  un- 
likely that  such  trash  should  go  through  a  second  imprt-ssion." — 
Bibl.  Bnt. 

Surely  much  "  trash"  has  gone  through  many  "  impres- 
sions." 

Gamage,  Wm.,  M.D.,  of  Boston,  Mass.,  d.  1818, 
aged  '.i7.  He  pub.  several  articles  in  the  N.  E.  Jour,  of 
Med.,  and  some  account  of  the  fever  of  1817-18,  with  some 
remarks  on  typhus. 

Gambado,  Geoffrey.     See  Bt:NBURY,  Henry. 

Gambier,  Sir  E.  J.  Parochial  Settlement,  2d  ed. 
by  J.  (ircenwoud.  Lon.,  1S?>5,  12mo. 

Gambier,  Rev.  Jas,  Ed,  Introduc.  to  the  Study  of 
Moral  Evidences,  Lon.,  1800,  'OS,  '10,  Svo. 

"■  A  work  of  sound  interesting  argument." — BickeTsteth*s  Chris. 

St2l. 

Gamble,  Rev.  H.  J.  1.  Scripture  Baptism,  Lon., 
1S50,  12uio.     2.  Paul  the  Aposlle,  1851,  12mo. 

'•The  book  is  wfll  adapted  under  tlie  Divine  blessing  to  create 
and  foster  a  healthy  and  manly  piety." — Lon.  Christian  Times. 

Gamble,  John.  Songs  and  Dialogues  by  Tho. 
Stanley,  set  to  Musick.  Lun.,  1057,  fol. 

Gamble,  John.  1.  Communication  by  Signals,  Lon., 
1797,  4to.  2.  Dublin  and  the  N.  of  Ireland  in  1810,  *11, 
Svo;  do.  in  1812,  '13,  Svo. 

"  Always  agreeable  aud  often  edifying." — Lon.  Crit.  Rev.,  1813. 

"Of  a  very  ordinary  description — low  scenes  and  low  humour 
making  up  the  principal  part  of  the  uaiTative." — ItEV.  Sydney 
Smitu  :  Iklin.  Rev.,  1820. 

3.  Sar-sfield  ;  a  Tale,  1814,  3  vols.  12mo.  4.  Howard  ;  a 
Nov.,  1815,  2  vols.  12mo. 

Gambeld,  W.     Welsh  Grammar,  Carm.,  1727,  Svo. 

Gambold,  John,  d.  1771,  a  bishop  among  the  Unitas 
Fratrum,  or  Moravian  Brethren,  was  a  native  of  South 
Wales,  and  educated  at  Christ  Church,  Oxford.  He  was 
for  somo  time  a  clergyman  of  the  Church  of  England.  Ho 
pub.  an  ed.  of  the  Greek  Te.'^t.,  a  number  of  Discourses, 
poems,  hymns,  a  tragedy,  Ac.  Ho  was  professedly  the 
editor,  and  was  one  of  the  principal  translators  from  the 
High  Dutch,  of  Crantz's  History  of  Greenland,  1767,  2  vols. 
Svo;   with  continuation,  1820,  2  vols.  Svo. 

•'  As  to  Greenland,  (making  mention  of  Torfa'us  hereafter,)  may 
I  not  rest  satisfied  with  the  exclusive  recommendation  of  tho 
translation  (by  tbe  pious  and  leaiiied  Gumhold)  from  the  high 
Dutch  of  old  Ci-antz  in  1767.  2  vols.  Hvo,  with  cuts — worth  about 
ISs.  8(i." — Dilniin's  Lib.  Comp. 

Works,  with  Life,  Bath,  1789,  Svo.  New  ed.,  with  Essay- 
by  Thomas  Erskine,  Esq.,  Advocate,  Glasg.,  1822,  12mo. 

''It  is  impossible  to  read  Gambolds  works  without  being  con- 
vinced that  he  enjoyed  much  communion  with  God,  and  was  much 
conversiint  with  heavenly  things,  and  that  hence  he  had  imbilted 
much  of  the  spirit,  and  caught  much  of  the  tone,  of  the  gloriOed 
church  aliove." 

"  The  specimens  you  have  presented  of  his  writings  give  me  a 
high  opinion  of  his  genius,  and  there  are  occasional  flashes  in  hia 
poetry  of  great  brilliancy  and  power.  The  *  Mystery  of  Life' con- 
tains some  exiiuisite  touches,  and  cannot  but  recall  to  every  man 
who  has  indulged  in  musings  beyond  this  sublunary  scene  some 
of  those  thouj-hts  whif-h  have  pjissed  before  him  in  an  unearthly 
form,  as  he  has  communed  with  his  own  soul." — Judge  Joseph 
Sfory  to  Rev.  John  Bracer,  JV'W.  10,  ItiSG.  Sloi-y's  Life  and  Letters, 
ii.  239.     See  Nichols's  Lit.  Anec. 

GammcU,  William,  b.  1S12,  at  Medfield,  Mass.,  is 
a  son  of  Ilev.  William  Gammell.  who  was  settled  iit  New- 
port, R.  I.  Tho  subject  of  this  notice  graduated  at  Brown 
University,  Providence,  K.  I.,  in  1831,  was  appointed 
Professor  of  Rhetoric  in  that  University  in  183ti,  jind  ia 
1850  was  transferred  to  tho  chair  of  History  and  Poli- 
tical Economy,  which  ho  still  occupies,  (1858.)     1.  Life  of 


GAM 

Roger  Williams,  in  Sparks's  Amer.  Biog.,  2(1  series,  vol.  iv., 
aud  afterwartls  in  a  separiite  vol.  Seo  this  reviewed  in 
N.  Amer.  llev.,  Ixi.  1-21).  2.  Life  of  Samuol  Ward,  Go- 
vernor of  Rhode  Island,  in  Sparks'a  Amer.  Biog.,  2d  se- 
ries, vol.  iv.  3.  Hist,  of  the  Amer.  Baptist  Missions, 
Boston,  12uio. 

Extract  from  the  Certiiicato  of  Rev.  Drs.  Cone,  Sharp, 
and  Chaso,  Committee  appointed  by  the  Missionary  Union 
to  examine  the  Work ; 

"The  undersigned  having  been  requested  by  the  Executive 
Committee  of  the  Missionary  Union  to  re;id.  in  manuscript,  Prof. 
Ganmiell's  History  of  American  Baptist  Missions,  are  happy  to 
state  tbat,  in  our  opinion,  the  work  is  well  adapted  to  accomplish 
the  important  purposes  for  which  it  was  written.  Such  a  history 
we  think  to  he  much  needed,  and  worthy  of  bcinc  read  by  all.  It 
exhibits  gratifying  evidence  of  research,  tidelitv  and  ^lci!l.  It  sets 
before  the  reader,  in  a  lucid  manner,  facts  thai  sIk-oM  n<-ver  be 
forgotten.  i;;omeof  them  in  power  to  awaken  al  ten  I  ion  and  touch 
the  heart,  could  scarcely  be  surpassed  iiy  fiction." 

And  see  a  review  of  this  work  in  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  Isx. 
57-78.  Mr.  Oammell  has  also  pub.  several  discourses, 
Ac,  and  contributca  many  articles  to  Reviews,  especially 
to  the  Christian  Review,  Boston,  of  which  be  was  for  three 
or  four  years  associate  editor. 

Games,  John.     Gardening,  1724,  4to. 

Gammon,  John.     Discourse,  173S,  ]2mo. 

Gamou,  Hannibal.     Serm.,  Lon.,  11)29,  Ito. 

Gamier,<-rt'i^ory,lvnt.  Poet. Tales,Bath,l 779, SQi.4to. 

Gander,  Josi!i>h.  1.  Fishery,  Lon.,  1699,  Svo.  2.  R. 
Navy,  17l)o,  4to.  3.  Q.  Anne's  Sovereignty  of  the  Sea  as- 
serted, 170:!.  4to. 

Gaudulphy,  Peter,  1760  ?-lS21,  a  R.  Cath.  priest. 
1.  The  Ancient  Faith,  Lon.,  1812,  8vo.  2.  Liturgy,  1812, 
Svo.  3,  4.  Letters  to  H.  Marsh,  D.I).,  1812,  '13,  8vo.  5. 
Serms.,  1813,  Svo.  6.  Serm.,  1813,  4to.  The  works  of  this 
writer  are  highly  esteemed  by  many  members  of  his 
church. 

Gandon,  James,  1760-1824,  an  architect,  edited  the 
Vitruvius  Britanuicus,  3  vols,  fol.,  &o.  See  his  Life,  with 
notices  of  contemp.  artists,  Lon.,  1847,  Svo. 

Gaudy,  Henry.     Govt,  of  England,  Lon.,  1705,  Svo. 

Gandy,  Henry.  Theolog.  treatises,  Lon.,  1709-12. 

Gaudy,  Joseph.  1.  Designs  for  Cottages,  Ac.,  Lon., 
1S05,  4to.     2.  Rural  Architect,  1806,  4to. 

Gane,  John.     Serm.,  172S,  Svo. 

Ganly,  'I'.  J.  Trans,  of  M.  Girard's  Treatise  on  the 
Teeth  of  the  Horse,  Lou. 

"The  above  useful  treatise  is  calculated  to  be  of  considerable 
service  in  the  present  state  of  our  knowledge.  V^e  i-ecommend  the 
work  to  the  Amateur,  the  Practitioner,  and  the  Veterinary  Stu- 
dent."— Lon.  L'lnct'l. 

Gannett,  Rev.  Caleb,  1745-181S.  Obsorv.  on  an 
Eclipse:  Aurora Borealis;  Trans.  Amer.Acad., vols.  i.  and  ii. 

Gano,  Rev.  John,  d.  1804,  aged  77.  Mem.  of  his 
Life,  1S06,  12mo. 

Gapper,  K.  P.     Con.  to  Memoirs  Med.,  1S05. 

Gar.,  Bar.     See  Garter,  B.^rnard. 
Garbett,  James,  Archdeacon  of  Chichester,  Prof, 
of  Poetry,  Oxford.     1.  Christ  as  Prophet,  Priest  aud  King ; 
S  Lects.  at  Bnuijiton  Lect.,  1842,  Lon.,  1842,  2  vols.  Svo. 

"  An  able,  learned,  and  valuable  publication,  the  fruits  Of  many 
years'  study  and  rellection." — L(»l.  Chris.  Observ. 

2.  Parochial  Serms.,  1843,  '44,  2  vols.  Svo.  3.  Review 
of  Dr.  Pusey's  serm.,  and  the  doctrine  of  tho  Eucharist, 
1843,  Svo.      4.  De  Re  Poetica  Pra^lectioues  Academicne, 

1846.  5.  De  Re  Critica  Pra3lectiones  Academtca^  1S47. 
6.  Christ  on  Earth,  in  Heaven,  and  on  tho  Judgment-Seat, 

1847,  2  vols.  12mo. 

"  No  one  can  read  these  volumes  without  great  delight  and  pro- 
fit."—Zoji.  Chris.  Observ. 

7.  The  Beatitudes  of  the  Mount,  in  17  Serms.,  1853,  p.  Svo. 
"As  a  poet,  a  scholar,  a  theologian,  and  a  Christian.  Archdeacon 
Garbett  is  moi-e  than  usually  qualified  for  such  a  task  as  that 
which  he  has  here  imposed  on  himself.  His  licb  and  tlnwing  style 
is  w,^ll  aii.ipted  to  the  grandeur  and  beauty  of  bis  sol)JHct.  aud  we 
frequently  meet  with  passages  of  great  and  philosopbical  depth,  as 
well  as  gre.at  oratorical  powers." — C/t.  of  Eng.  Quar.  licv. 

Prof.  Garbett  has  also  pub.  a  number  of  occasional 
serms.,  letters,  Ac,  1843-53. 

Garbutt,  Richard.  Theolog.  treatises,  1669,  '75,  '99. 

Garde,  Richard.  1.  Law  of  Evidence,  Lon.,  1830, 
12mo.     2.  Rules  of  Pleading,  2d  ed.,  l,S4l,  Svo. 

Garden,  Alex.     Scottish  Kings,  Edin.,  1709,  4to. 

Garden,  Alex.,  1685-1756,  a  clergyman  of  the  Epis- 
copal Church,  resided  many  years  in  Charleston,  S.  C. 
1.  Six  Lett,  to  Whitefield,  1740.  2.  Justification.  3.  Two 
Serms..  1712. 

Garden,  Alex.,  M.D.,  1730-1791,  a  native  of  Edin- 
burgh, resided  in  Charleston,  S.  C,  1750-S3.  1.  Med. 
properties  of  the  Virginia  Pink  Root,  1764,  '72.  2.  Con. 
to  Ess.  Phys.  and  Lit.,  1771.     3.  To  PhU.  Trans.,  1775. 


GAR 

See  Ramsay's  Biog.  Sketches,  in  his  Hist,  of  S.  Carolina, 
vol.  ii. 

Garden,  Charles,  D.D.  An  Improved  Version  at- 
tempted of  tho  Book  of  Job,  Lou.,  17U6,  Svo. 

"  It  is  not,  I  have  reason  to  think,  a  bookof  auy  importance." — 
Oi-mc'.s-  lUbl  Bib. 

"A  blink  of  great  pretensions,  but  indilTerent  execution.  See  an 
analysis  of  it  in  the  British  Critic,  U.  S.,  vol.  is.,  pp.  lt>8-175." — 
Home's  Hibl.  Bib. 

Garden,  Francis,  Lord  Gardenstone,  1721-1793,  a 
Scottish  Judge.  1.  Travelling  Memoranda,  Lon.,  1792-95, 
3  vols.  12mo.  2.  MiscelLanies  in  Prose  and  Verse,  Edin., 
1791,  12mo.  3.  Lett,  to  the  Inhabitants  of  Laurencekirk. 
"Containing  much  salutary  advice." — Btlil.  Brit. 
See  Sinclair's  Statis.  Reports ;  Life  prefixed  to  the  last 
vol.  of  his  Memoranda;  Encyc.  Brit, 

Garden,  Francis.  1.  Vindic.  of  the  Scot.  Episcopate, 
Edin.,  1847,  Svo.  2.  Discourses  on  Heavenly  Knowledge 
and  Heavenly  Love,  1848,  Svo.  3.  Lectures  on  the  Beati- 
tudes, 1853,  12mo.  4.  Four  Serms.  on  the  Present  Crisis, 
1854.  12mo. 

Garden,  George,  M.D.  Cou.  to  Phil.  Trans,  on  nat. 
philos.,  .ic,  1677-96. 

Garden,  James,  D.D.,  Prof,  of  Theol.,  King's  Coll., 
Aberd.     Circular  Monuments  in  Scotl. ;  in  Archseol.,  1776. 
Garden,  James.     Hist,  of  Henry  III.,  last  of  tho 
House  of  Valois.  K.  of  France,  Lon.,  1783,  Svo. 
Gardener,  Thomas.     Art  of  Embalming,  4to. 
<iardenor,  VVni.     1.  Articled  Clerk's  Assist.,  Lon., 
1839,  12mo.     2.  Direc.  for  Drawing  Abstracts  of  Title,  2d 
ed.,  1847,  12mo. 

Gardenstone,  Lord.  See  Garden,  Francis. 
Gardiner,  Capt.  A.  F.,  "the  Patagonian  martyr." 
1.  Missionary  Journey  to  tho  Zoolu  Country  in  1835,  Lon., 
1S36,  Svo.  2.  Visit  to  Indians  on  the  Frontiers  of  Chili, 
1841,  p.  Svo.  3.  A  Voice  from  South  America,  1847,  12mo. 
Gardiner,  Edmund.  Tri.al  of  Tobacco;  expressing 
its  uses  in  Physic,  Lon.,  1610,  4to. 

Gardiner,  J.  Excur.  from  London  to  Dover,  with 
acct,  of  Manufactures,  &c.,  Lon.,  1806,  2  vols.  12rao. 

Gardiner,  James,  Bishop  of  Lincoln.      1.  Serm., 
Lou.,  1695,  4to.     2.  Advice,  1097,  4to.     3.  Serm.,  1701,  4to. 
Gardiner,  James.     Serms.,  1096-1713. 
Gardiner,  James,  Sub-Dean  of  Line.  1.  Serm.,  Lon., 
1713,  8vo.     2.  Expos,  of  the  Serm.  on  the  Mount,  1720.  Svo. 
Gardiner,  John.     Circ.  of  the  Blood,  1700,  '02,  4to. 
Gardiner,  John.     Serm.,  1752,  4to. 
Gardiner,  John,  M.D.     1.  Animal  (Economy,  Edin., 
1784,  Svo.     2.  Gout,  &a.,  1793,  Svo.     3.  Essays,  1803,  '04, 
2  vols.  Svo.     4.  Con.  to  Ess.  Phys.  and  Lit.,  1771. 

Gardiner,  John,  D.D.,  Rector  of  Brailsford,  and  Vi- 
car of  Shirley,  Derbyshire,  pub.  a  ntimber  of  occasitmal 
serms.,  1793-1811,  and  a  vol.  of  serms.  preached  at  Bath, 
1802,  Svo. 

"  A  volume  by  Dr.  Gardiner,  the  eloquent  preacher  of  Bath,  dis- 
plays an  union  of  Alignment  and  Eloquence  not  often  met  with 
in  English  Sermons." — Clapha;m. 

"  We  perceive  that  he  is  au  admirer  and  imitator  of  the  French 
Ilivines:  his  work,  therefore,  partakes  of  some  of  their  imperfec- 
tions, but  has  also  many  of  their  excellencies." — Lon.  Chns.  Obstrv. 
Gardiner,  John  Smallman.  The  Art  and  Pleasure 
of  Hare  Hunting,  Lon.,  1750,  Svo.  An  extended  ed.  of 
this  pamphlet  was  pub.  by  Wm.  Blake.  1781,  '88,  Svo. 

Gardiner,  John  Sylvester  John,  D.D.,  1765-1830, 
an  Episcopal  minister.  Rector  of  Trinity  Church,  Boston, 
Mass.,  was  a  native  of  South  Wales.  He  died  at  Harrow- 
gate,  England,  where  he  was  residing  on  account  of  his 
health.  He  pub.  a  number  of  serms.  and  theolog.  treatises, 
1802-13.  Sec  Duyckincks'  Cyc.  of  Amer.  Lit.  and  autho- 
rities there  cited. 

Gardiner,  Ralph.  England's  Grievance  discovered 
in  rel.  to  tho  Coal  Trade,  Lon.,  1655,  4to. 

Gardiner,  Richard,  1691-1670,  Canon  of  Christ  Ch., 
1629;  Chaplain  to  Charles  I.,  1630.  1.  Oceas.  Serms.,  1622- 
76.  2.  Specimen  Oratorium,  1653,  '57,  '62,  '68,  '75,  Svo. 
3.  16  Serms.,  1659,  Svo. 

"  A  quaint  preacher  and  orator." — Athfn.  Oron. 
Gardiner,  Richard.     Elegy,  Ac,  Lon.,  1754,  fol. 
Gardiner,  Capt.  Richard.      1.  Expcd.  to  the  W. 
Indies.  1759,  Birm.,  1762,  4to.     2.  Siege  of  Quebec,  Lon., 
1761.  4to.     3.  Lett,  to  Sir  Harbord,  1778,  Svo. 

Gardiner,  or  Gardner,  Richard.  Answer  to  a  Nar- 
ration by  ,Jas.  Poole,  1805,  Svo. 

(Jardiuer,  Samuel,  D.D.  Theolog.  treatises,  1597- 
1611. 

Gardiner,  Samuel.     Theolog.  treatises,  1660-81. 
Gardiner,  Samuel.     Visit.  Serm.,  1672,  4to. 
Gardiner,  Samuel.     E.xam.  of  Pius's  Creed,  Lon., 
1689,  fol.     In  Gibson's  Preservative,  xiv.  242. 

651 


GAR 


Gardiner,  Stephen,  1483-1555,  a  native  of  Bury 
St.  Edmund's,  educated  at  Trinity  Hall,  Camb.,  hecaiue 
Secretary  to  Cardinal  Wolsey.     In  1627,  in  comrany  with 
Edward  Fox,  he  visited  Rome,  and  made  an  ineflectual 
attempt  to  persuade  the  pope  to  consent  to  the  divorce  of  I 
Henry  VIII.  from  Queen  Catherine.     He  however  aided 
his  royal  master  in  the  prosecution  of  his  wirkeil  design, 
and  was  made  Secretary  of  State,  and  in  1631   Bishop  of 
Winchester.     Being  opposed  to  the  Keformation,  he  was 
imprisoned  under  Edward  VI..  but  restored  to  his  bishopric  i 
upon  the  accession  of  Queen  Mary,  and  in  1553  made  Lord     Calendar;  or,  T 
Chancellor  and  Prime  Minister.     He  used  his  power  for  ]  _    Oarlieia,  J 
the  purposes  of  persecution,  anil  the  Protestants  iound  in 
him  a  most  determined  foo.     He  was  a  man  of  great  learn- 
int?,  judgment,  and  tact,  and  deeply  versed  m   the  Itnow 
led.'e  of  human  nature.     1.  Devera  Obedientia,Lon.,163i, 
'35°4:to      In    English,  by  M.  Wood,  Roan,  1563,  12mo. 
With  Bonner's  Pref.,  Ilamh.,  1536,  8vo.      2.  A  Necessary 
Doctrine  of  a  Christian  Man,  1543.     3.  Sacrament  of  the 
Aulter,  1551,  8vo.     He  also  pub.  some  tracts  rel.  to  Bucer 
&c.,  1544-54.     He  wrote  a  number  of  letters  to  Smith  and 
Ch'e'ke,  respecting  the  proper  pronunciation  of  the  Greek 
tongue.     See  an  account  of  this  controversy  in  Baker  a 
Reflections  on  Learning.  .^  ^  ^.        u 

"  linger  Ascham,  wilh  a  couitlv  address,  declares,  that  thou!?!! 
the  kni»hts  shew  themselves  better  critics,  yet  tiardinei's  letters 
manifest  a  superior  genius,  and  were  only  liable  to  censure,  from 
his  entering  further  into  a  dispute  of  this  kind,  than  was  neces- 
sjiry  for  a  person  of  his  dignity." 

Godwin  and  Parker  say  that  he  died  repeating  these 
words  :  "  Erravi  cum  Petro,  et  nou  flevi  cum  Petro." 

"  He  was  to  be  traced  like  the  fox :  and.  like  the  Hebrew,  w.as  to 
be  read  backwards."— Woyrf's  StaU  Worthi/ts. 

See  Biog.  Brit. ;  Strype's  Cranmer,  and  also  his  Annals 
and  Memorials;  Burnet;  Fox;  Collier;   Gilpin;  Ueylin; 
Dodd. 
Gardiner,  W.     See  Giebon,  Edwakd. 
Gardiner,  Wm.     Expos,  of  Two  Prophecies,  8vo. 
'    Gardiner,  Wm.     Logarithms,  Lou.,  1752,  4to. 
Gardiner,  Wm.     The  Sultana,  in  5  Acts,  1806,  '09. 
Gardiner,  Wm.,  is  favourably  known  as  the  author 
of  Music  of  Nature,  Music  and  Friends.  Sights  in  Italy,  &c. 
Gardner,  Augustus  K.,  M.D.,  a  physician  of  New 
York,  a  son  of  Samuel  .lackson  Gardner,  (see;w«(,)  is  the 
author  of  Old  Wine  in  New  Bottles ;  or,  Spare  Hours  of  a 
Student  in  Paris,  N.  Y.,  1848,  12mo.     He  has  pub.  a  num- 
ber of  med.  tracts  and  essays. 

Gardner,  Charles  K.,  U.  S.  Army.  A  Dictionary  of 
all  ofBcers  who  have  been  commissioned,  or  have  been  ap- 
pointed and  served  in  the  Army  of  the  United  States,  1789- 
1853,  with  other  matter,  N.  York,  1853,  12ino,  pp.  687. 
This  useful  work  is  the  result  of  the  labour  of  four  years. 
Gardner,  D.  Pereira.  Medical  Chemistry,  Lon., 
1848,  p.  Svo;   Phila.,  1S4S,  &c.,  12mo.     Other  works. 

Gardner,  Edward,  M.D.     Reflections  rel.  to  Pop., 
Provisions,  Ac,  Lon.,  1800,  Svo.    2.  Inoculation,  1801,  Svo. 
Gardner,  George,  M.D.     Travels  in  the  Interior  of 
Brazil,  1836-41,  Lon.,  1846,  Svo;  2d  ed.,  1847. 

'•  Not  satisfied  with  the  mere  exploration  of  the  coasts  he  plunged 
into  the  interior  as  far  to  the  west  as  the  tributariesof  the  Amazon, 
and  from  near  the  equator  to  the  iSd  degree  of  south  latitude. 
Some  of  the  regions  which  he  visited  have  seldom  been  trod  by 
Europeans— never  by  Englishmen.'"— Zoti.  Ath<:na:um. 

Gardner,  J.  Student's  Guide  to  the  Inner  Temple, 
2d  ed.;  Lon.,  1823,  12mo. 

Gardner,  John.     Con.  to  Med.  Com.,  1777. 
Gardner,  John,  M.D.     Familiar  Letters  on  Chemis- 
try, by  Justus  Liebig,  M.D.,  edited  by  J.  G.,  1st  and  2d 
series,  Lon.,  1841-45,  2  vols.  fp.  Svo. 

"  That  the  public  will  discover  its  merits,  and  that  it  will  find  its 
way  into  the  drawing-room  as  well  as  the  library.' and  be  equally 
prized  by  the  advanced  man  of  science  and  the  student,  we  ven- 
ture to  say  is  certain ;  and  it  must  increase  the  respect  enteitamed 
for  chemistry  wherever  it  is  read."— i<m.  Chemical  GazeUc. 

Gardner,  L.  P.  1.  Serm.  2.  Education,  1803, 12mo. 
Gardner,  Richard.  See  Gardiner. 
Gardner,  Samuel  Jackson,  b.  at  Brookline,  Mass., 
1788,  a  contributor  and  for  some  time  editor  of  the  Newark 
Daily  Advertiser,  has  written  many  essays  for  periodicals, 
under  the  signatures  of  Decius  and  other  titles.  His  writ- 
ings have  never  been  collected.  See  Duyckincks'  Cyc.  of 
Amer.  Lit.  ,  ,  Tir  , 

Gardner,  Thomas.  1.  Roads  in  Eng.  and  Wales, 
Lon.,  1719,  4to.  2.  Hist,  Acct.  of  Dunwich,  Blithburgh, 
and  Southwold.  1754,  4to. 

Gardner,  or  Gardiner,  W.     Poems,  ic.,  1813-15. 
Gardner,  Wm.     Serins.,  1726,  '45. 
Gardnor,  John.     1.  Serm.,  Lon.,  1799,  4to.     2.  J.  Q. 
and  R.  G.,  Jr.,  Views  near  the  Rhine  at  Aix-Ia-Chapelle, 
Ac,  1788,  '92,  4to. 


GAR 

Gardyner,  George.  Description  of  America  and  the 
people,  Lon.,  1C51,  12mo. 

Garencieres,  Theophilus.     General  Instructions; 

Divine,  Moral,  Historical,  Ac,  York,  1728,  Svo.     We  pre- 

suiiia  this  author  to  have  been  a  son  of  Theophilus  De 

Garencieres,  a  native  of  Paris,  a  physician,  first  at  Caen 

and  afterwards  in  London,  and  the  author  of  some  medical 

and  other  works.  f5ee  Bibl.  Brit. ;  Wood's  Fasti ;  Rees's  Cyc. 

Garencieres,TheophilusI>e.  See  preceding  article. 

Garey,  Samuel.    1.  Serm..  Lon.,  1615,  4to.    2.  Little 

Triple  Diary,  1618,  4to. 

Trans,  of  the  Dialogues  on  Polygamy 
by  Bernardin  Ochinus. 

Garioch,  George.  1.  Serms.,  Doct.  and  Prac,  Edin., 
Svo.  2.  Association ;  or,  the  Progress  of  Feeling;  a  Poem 
in  four  books,  1839,  12mo. 

"  The  author  has  evidently  cultivated  the  spirit  of  gen  nine  poetry, 
and  with  it  that  of  philosophy  and  true  religion."— ioa.  Evangel. 
Mag. 

Garland,  Edward.  Answer  to  Richard  Coppin's 
book,  i-alled  A  Blow  at  the  Serpent,  Lon.,  1667,  4to. 

Garland,  II.  A.,  d.  1850.    1.  Life  of  Thomas  Jefferson. 
2.  Life  of  John  Randolph  of  Roanoke,  1850,  2  vols.  12mo. 
"Itenmrkable  volumes   in    interest    and    attraction."— i?«ni's 
Merch.  Mag. 

Garland,  John,  or  Joannes  de  Garlandia,  who 
flourished  about  the  11th  century,  is  said  to  have  been  a 
native  of  Garlande  en  Brie,  Normandy,  but  Bale,  Pits, 
Tanner,  and  Prince,  think  that  he  was  born  in  England. 
1.  A  Poem  on  the  Contempt  id'  the  World,  Lyon,  1489,  4to. 
2  Synonyma,  Paris,  1490,  4to.  3.  Multorum  Vocabulorum 
ilquirocorum,  Lon.,  1492.  1500,  '14,  4to.  4.  Floretus;  or, 
Faith,  Ac.  5.  Facetus;  a  Poem,  Cologne,  1520,  4to.  6.  Diet. 
Artis  Achymise,  Basle,  1571,  Svo. 

Garlich,  Thomas.     Medical  treatises,  1719,  '41. 
Garlick,  Theodatus,  M.D.,  b.  1808,  in  Middlebury, 
Conn.     Treatise  on  the  Artificial  Propagation  of  Certain 
Kinds  of  Fish,  N.  York,  1857,  Svo. 

Garmston,  John.     Serms.,  1712-27. 
Garmston,  Shadrach.     Serms.,  1716-24. 
Garner,  Rev.  John,  M.D.     Serms.,  med.  treatises, 
Ac,  1760-05. 

Garner,  Robert.     Theolog.  treatises,  1C45-1701. 
Garneau,  Francis   Xavier,  b.  1809,  in    Quebec. 
1.  Histoire  du  Canada,  depuis   sa  decouverte  jusqu'a  nos 
jours,  Quebec,  3  vols.,  2d  ed.,  1852.      2.  Voyage  en  An- 
gleterre  et  en  France  dans  les  annees  1S31,  '32,  '33,  Ac. 

Garner,  Robert.  Nat.  Hist.,  Antiq.,  Manufac,  Ac. 
of  the  County  of  Stafl'ord,  Lon.,  1844,  Svo. 

''This  handsome  volume  is  e\artly  such  a  book  as  a  county 
natural  history  should  be.  Staffordshire  may  now  boast  of  having 
the  best  account  of  its  natural  features  and  productions  of  any 
county  in  England." — Lim.  Athena:iim.  March  'JO,  1844. 

Garnet,  Henry,  1555-1606,  superior  of  the  Jesuits 
in  England,  was  proved  to  be  privy  to  the  Gunpowder 
Plot,  and  executed  for  high  treason.  1.  Canisius's  Cate- 
chism, trans,  from  the  Latin,  Lon.,  1590,  Svo;  Si.  Omer's, 
1622.  2.  Treat,  of  Christian  Regeneration  or  Birth,  Lon., 
1616,  Svo.  See  a  Relation  of  the  Proceedings  against  him 
and  his  Confederates,  1606,  4to. 

Garnett,  J.  Total  Eclipse  of  the  Sun,  June  16,  1806, 
Ac,  in  Nicholson's  Jour.,  1808. 

Garnett,  John,  D.D.,  d.  1782,  aged  75;  Bishop  of 
Ferns,  1752  ;  trans,  to  Clogher,  1758.  He  pub.  serms., 
Ac,  1740-56,  and  a  Dissert,  on  the  Book  of  Job,  1749, 
'54,  4to. 

"Dr. Garnett  contends  that  the  book  of  Job  is  an  allegorical 
drama,  designed  to  represent  the  fall  and  restoration  of  a  captive 
Jew.  and  with  a  view  ti)  recommend  the  virtue  of  patience.  The 
author  he  supposes  to  have  been  Ezekiel,  and  the  period  of  its 
production  subsequent  to  the  Babylonish  captivity.  Uis  hypo- 
Ihesis  is  nearly  allied  to  tliat  of  Warburton,  but  diflVrently  sup- 
ported.''— Onuc'n  Bibl.  Bib. 

Garnett,  John,  Prcb.  of  Winchester.  Serms.,  1802, 
'03,  4to. 

Garnett,  Thomas,  M.D.,  1766-1802,  pub.  several 
profess,  works,  and  Observ.  on  a  Tour  through  the  High- 
lands and  Part  of  the  Western  Islands  of  Scotland,  Lon., 
1800,  2  vols.  4to. 

''  Agriculture,  manufactures,  commerce,  antiquities,  botany,  and 
manners,  are  treated  of,  though  not  In  a  masterly  manner."- 
Stevenson's  Vaij.  and  Trav. 

After  his  death  was  pub.  his  Zoonomia,  1804.  4to.  He 
contributed  to  Med.  Com.,  1788  ;  Trans.  Irish  Acad.,  1794; 
Memoirs  .Med.,  1795. 

Garuham,  Robert  E.,  1753-1802,  a  native  of  Bury 
St.  Edmund's,  curate  of  Newton  and  Great  Welnetham, 
pub.  a  number  of  theolog.  letters,  reviews,  Ac,  1789-94. 
See  Lon.  Gout.  Mag.,  1802. 


GAR 


GAR 


Gamier,  Thomas,  Rector  of  Trin.  Cb.,  Marylebone. 
Domestic  Duties:  Serins.,  Lon.,  1S51,  12iuo. 

Garnons,  John,  d.  about  1792.  Serma.,  Lon.,  179;^, 
2  vols.  Svo. 

Garrard,  ^Edmund.  Intermarriages  between  the 
Koyal  Lines  of  Eng.  and  Spaine,  &c.,  1624,  4to. 

Garrard,  Eliz.     Miscell.  Prose  and  Verse,  1800. 

Garrard,  George.  Descrip.  of  Oxen  in  the  Brit. 
Isle?,  Lon..  1802.  ob.  fol.,  with  28  engravings. 

Garrard,  Will.  The  Arte  of  VVarre,  corrected  and 
finished  by  Captaine  Hitchcock,  1691,  4to. 

Garrard,  \Vm.  Trigonom.  Tables,  Lon.,  17S9,  Svo. 
2.  Lunar  Observ.,  1799,  4to.  3.  Seamen's  Preceptor, 
1802,  Svo. 

Garratt,  Samuel,  Minister  of  Trin.  Ch.,  St.-Giles-in- 
the-Fields.  1.  Scripture  Symbolism,  Lon.,  1848,  fp.  Svo. 
2.  Dawn  of  Life,  2d  ed.,  1849,  12mo.  3.  Our  Father,  1854, 
12mo. 

Garratt,  W.  A.     Proceed,  in  Chancery,  Lon.,  1837. 

Garrete,  Walter.     Theolog.  treatises.  16S0-17O3. 

Garrick,  David,  1716-1779,  the  grandson  of  a 
Frenchman,  and  son  of  Peter  Garrick,  a  captain  in  the 
Royal  Army,  was  a  native  of  Hereford.  In  1735  he  was 
placed  at  a  school  opened  in  Lichfield  by  Samuel  John- 
son; and  when  his  master  determined  to  try  his  fortune  in 
London,  the  pupil  thought  that  he  could  do  no  better  than 
bear  him  company.  The  great  eminence  in  their  respec- 
tive departments  to  which  the  adventurers  attained  is  well 
known  to  our  readers.  After  a  short  experience  as  a  wine- 
merchant,  Garrick  indulged  a  darling  passion  which  had 
long  possessed  him,  and  made  his  appearance  on  the  stage, 
where  his  success  was  unbounded.  For  a  period  of  forty 
years  he  trod  the  boards  without  a  rival,  and  at  his  death 
left  an  estate  valued  at  £140,000.  He  was  equally  at 
home  in  tragedy  or  comedy. 

*'  Every  passion  of  the  human  breast  seemed  subjected  to  his 
powers  of  expression;  nay,  even  time  itself  appeared  to  stand  still 
or  advance  as  he  would  have  it.  Rage  and  ridicule,  doubt  and 
despair,  transport  and  tenderness,  compassion  and  contempt,  love, 
jealousy,  fear,  fury,  and  simplicity,  all  took  in  turn  possession  of 
his  features,  while  each  of  them  in  turn  appeared  to  be  the  sole 
possessor  of  those  features.  One  night  old  a-^e  sat  on  his  counte- 
nance, as  if  the  wrinkles  she  had  stamped  there  were  indelible; 
the  next  the  gaiety  and  bloom  of  youth  seemed  to  overspread  his 
face  and  smooth  even  those  marks  which  time  and  muscular  con- 
formation might  have  really  made  there.  These  truths  were  ac- 
knowledged by  all  who  saw  him  in  the  several  characters  of  Lear, 
or  Uamlet,  Richard,  Uorilas,  Romeo,  or  Lusignan;  iu  his  Ranger, 
Bays,  Drugger,  Kitely,  Brute,  or  Benedict." 

Mrs.  Garrick,  who  was  a  MissViegel,  (she  subsequently 
changed  her  name  to  Violette,)  a  native  of  Vienna,  and  a 
stage-dancer  in  London,  survived  her  husband  forty-three 
years,  dying  in  1822,  in  her  97th  year.  See  Lon.  Gent. 
Mag.,  Nov.  1822. 

As  an  author,  Mr.  Garrick's  talents  were  respectable. 
Of  his  original  compositions.  The  Lying  Valet,  Miss  in  her 
Teens,  and  The  Clandestine  Marriage,  {the  last  written  in 
conjunction  with  Colman,)  are  the  principal  favourites. 
A  list  of  more  than  forty  pieces,  written  or  altered  by 
him,  will  be  found  in  the  Biog.  Dramat. ;  and,  in  addition 
to  these  and  others,  he  wrote  epigrams,  odes,  and  many 
prologues,  epilogues,  and  songs.  Dramatic  Works,  Lon., 
1768,  3  vols.  12mo;   1798,  3  vols.  12mo. 

"  A  wretched  and  imperfect  collection." — Loimides^s  Bthl.  Man. 

Poetical  works  now  first  collected,  with  Explan.  Notes, 
1785,  2  vols.  12mo.  Of  Garrick's  Mode  of  Reading  the 
Liturgy,  a  new  ed.,  by  R.  Cull,  was  pub.  in  1840,  Svo.  See 
Davies's  and  Murphy's  Lives  of  Garrick;  Biog.  Dramat.; 
Nichols's  Lit.  Anec. ;  Boswell's  Johnson  ;  Cumberland's 
Life;  Mason's  Life  of  Whitehead;  Colmau's  Random 
Records. 

Much  of  interest  relating  to  the  literary  hi.story  of  the 
times  will  be  found  in  Garrick's  Private  Correspondence 
with  the  most  celebrated  persons  of  his  time,  now  first 
published  from  the  originals,  and  illustrated  with  Notes 
and  a  New  Biographical  Memoir,  splendidly  printed,  with 
fine  portrait  by  Sir  Joshua  Reynolds,  1831-32,  2  vols,  r, 
4to,  pub.  at  £5  bs. 

This  interesting  work  contains  upwards  of  two  thousand 
letters  from  many  of  the  eminent  men  of  the  times  in  which 
Garrick  lived — from  Lords  Lyltelton,  Camden,  Chatham, 
Dr.  Johnson,  Boswell,  Goldsmith,  Gibbon,  Sheridan,  Hume, 
Robertson,  Murphy,  George  Steevens,  Richard  Cumber- 
land, Bp.  Warburtnn,  Bp.  lloadly,  Burke,  Junius,  Wilkes, 
Dr.  Franklin,  Churchill.  Sir  J.Reynolds,  Gainsborough, 
George  Colman.  Mrs.  Clive,  Mrs.  Montague,  and  fifty 
others.  There  are  also  numerous  letters  from  foreign  cor- 
respondents, iimong  whom  may  be  named  Voltaire,  Beau- 


marchais,  Algarotti,   Diderot,   Baron   Grimm,   Helvetius, 
Riccoboni,  Baron  Koch,  and  Wieland. 

*'  Have  you  seen  the  second  volvime  of  the  Garrick  Correspond- 
ence? Ir  it  not  a  treat?  Glorious  Garrick!" — The  late  C.  Mathews. 
"Garrick's  appearance  forms  an  epnch  in  the  history  of  the  Kug- 
Hsh  theatre,  as  he  chiefly  dedicated  his  talents  to  the  great  cha- 
racters of  Shakspeare,  and  built  his  own  fanio  on  the  growing 
admiration  of  the  poet.  Befor.-  his  time.  Shakspeare  had  only  been 
brought  on  the  stage  in  mutilated  and  disfiguied  alterations.  Gar- 
rick returned  on  the  whole  to  the  true  orii^inals.  thoui,'h  he  still 
allowed  himself  to  make  some  very  unfortunate  changes.     It  ap- 

I  pears  to  nie  that  the  only  excusable  alteration  of  Shakspeare  is, 
10  leave  out  a  few  things  not  in  conformity  to  the  taste  of  the  time. 

1  Garrick  was  undoubtedly  a  gi-eat  actor.  Whether  he  always  con- 
ceived the  parts  of  Shakspeare  in  the  sense  of  the  poet.  I  from  the 
very  circumstances  stated  in  the  eulogies  on  his  acting  should  be 

!  inclined  to  doubt.  lie  excited,  however,  a  noble  emulation  to 
represent  worthily  the  great  national  poet;  this  has  evei-  since 

i  been  the  highest  aim  of  actors,  and  even  at  present  the  stagf  can 
boast  of  men  whose  histrionic  talents  are  deservedly  famous." — 
Schl^'f/ePs  LecL  on  Dramat.  Art  and  Lit. 

Garrison,  \Vm.  Lloyd,  L  Thoughts  on  African 
Colonization,  Bost.,  1832,  Svo.  2.  Sonnets  and  other 
Poems,  1843,  18mo.  The  sonnet  entitled  The  Free  Mind 
possesses  decided  merit. 

Garrod,  Alfred  B.,  M.D.,  and  Edward  Ballard, 
M.D.  Elements  of  Materia  Medica  and  Therapeutics,  Lon., 
1845,8vo.  Amer.ed.,eclited by  R.E.Griffith. M.D.,Phila., Svo. 

"  As  a  manual  for  students,  it  is  the  best  that  has  yet  appeared. 
;  and  will  be  found  to  contain  much  matter  well  woithy  of  perusal 
I  by  the  practitioner." — J?anHnf/^s  Ettport. 

i       Dr.  Garrod  has  also  pub.  Physical  Diagnosis  of  Dis- 
eases of  the  Abdomen,  Lon.,  1S52,  12mo ;  and  On  Pain 
■  after  Foorl,  1854,  p.  Svo. 

'  Garrow,  D,  W.,  D.D.  1.  Hist,  and  Antiq.  of  Croy- 
don. Crny,  1S18,  Svo.     2.  8erms..  Lon.,  1820,  Svo. 

Garrow,  J.     Semi.,  Lon.,  LS12. 

Garroway,  Alderman.     Speech,  1642,  4to. 

Garstin,  John,  Major-Gcneral,  Trans,  of  Paul 
Frisi's  Treat,  on  Rivers  and  Torrents,  &c. 

Garter,  Barnard.  1.  The  tragical  Hist,  of  two  Eng- 
lish Lovers,  written  V»y  Bar.  Gar.,  Lon.,  1565,  IGmo.  In 
verse;  95  leaves.     Bindley,  £30  19?.  6(7.     Perry,  £32  10s. 

Garth,  John.     Psalms  set  to  Mu^ic,  Lon.,  1759,  fol. 

Garth,  Sir  Samuel,  d.  1718-19,  a  native  of  York- 
shire, was  educateil  at  Peter  House,  Camb.,  where  he  took 
his  degree  of  M.D.  in  1001,  and  was  admitted  Fellow, 
June  26.  1G93.  In  16S7  commenced  a  quarrel  lietwecn 
the  physicians  and  apothecaries,  the  latter  of  whom  op- 
posed the  design  of  the  former  to  furnish  the  poor  with 
advice  gratis  and  medicines  at  prime  cost.  To  hold  the 
apothecaries  up  to  public  reprobation  and  ridicule,  Garth 
pub.  in  1699,  4to,  his  satirical  poem  of  the  Dispensary, 
which  pleased  the  town  so  much  that  it  went  through 
three  editions  in  a  few  months,  and  many  were  subse- 
quently pub.  The  9th  ed.,  which  contains  a  number  of 
episodes  and  inscriptions,  appeared  in  1706.  Pope  re- 
marks that  it  had  been  "corrected  in  every  edition,  and 
that  every  change  was  an  improvement."  AVhen  Garth,  in 
1697,  spoke  what  is  now  called  the  Ilarveian  Oration,  he 
followed  up  the  blow  in  Latin,  and  the  poor  apothecaries 
were  placed  completely  hors  du  ronibat.  lie  also  wrote 
the  epilogue  to  Addison's  tragedy  of  Cato,  pub.  a  poem 
entitled  Chircmout,  and  in  an  ed.  of  Ovid's  Metamorphoses, 
pub.  in  1717,  trans,  the  whole  14th  book,  and  the  story  of 
Cippus  in  the  15th  ;  the  Preface  is  also  his.  Works,  1769, 
12mo.  He  lived  witliout  religion,  and.  according  to  Pope 
— an  intimate  friend, — died  a  Roman  Catholic. 

'"His  poetry  has  been  praised  at  least  equally  to  its  merit.  In 
the  Dispensary  there  is  a  strain  of  smooth  and  free  rei-sification; 
but  few  lines  are  eminently  elegant.  No  passages  fall  below  me- 
diocrity, and  few  rise  much  above  it.  The  plan  seems  formed  with- 
out just  propoition  to  the  subject;  the  means  and  end  have  no 
necessary  connection.  Resnel,  in  his  Preface  to  Pope's  Essay,  n-- 
marks.  that  Carth  exhibits  no  discrimination  of  characters;  and 
that  what  any  one  says  might,  with  e'lual  propriety,  have  bei-n 
said  by  another.  The  general  design  is.  perhaps,  open  to  criticism  ; 
but  the  composition  can  seldom  be  charged  with  inaccuracy  or  neg- 
ligence. The  author  never  slumbers  iu  self-indulgence;  his  full 
vigour  is  always  exerted;  scarcely  a  line  is  li-ft  unfinished;  nor  is 
it  easy  to  find  an  expression  used  by  constraint,  or  a  thouifht  im- 
perfectly expressed.  It  was  remarked  by  Pope,  that  the  Dispen- 
sary had  been  corrected  in  every  edition,  and  that  every  chaugc 
was  an  improvement.  It  appears,  however,  to  want  something  of 
poetical  ardour,  and  something  of  general  delectation;  and  there- 
fore since  it  has  been  no  longer  supported  by  accidental  and  in- 
trinsic popularity,  it  has  been  scarcely  able  to  support  itself.'' — I>r. 
Jofmsoji's  Lives  of  the  Puets. 

See  also  Biog.  Brit. ;  Gibber's  Lives;  Spence's  Anecdotes. 

Garthshore,  Maxwell,  M.D.,1732-1S12,  a  physician 
in  London  for  nearly  fifty  years,  pub.  an  Inaugural  Dissert., 
Edin..  1764,  Svo,  and  contributed  to  Med.  Obs.  and  Inq., 
1770,  and  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1787.  See  his  biog,  acct.  of  Dr. 
Ingenhousz,  iu  Thorn.  Ann.  Philos.,  1817. 

653 


GAR 


GAS 


Garthwait,  Ilrnry.  The  Evangelical  Harmony, 
reducintr  the  IViur  Evangelists  into  one  continued  Test, 
Camb..  1(>34,  4to. 

Garton,  James.     Practical  Gardener,  Lon.,  1709. 

Gartside,  M.,  a  lady.  1.  Light  and  Shade,  Colours, 
and  Composition,  Lon.,  1S04,  4to.  2.  Ornamental  Groups, 
Descrip.of  Flowers,  Birds,  Shells,  and  Iusects,1809, imp. foL 

Gartwood,  or  Garwood.  Short  Tntroduc.  to  Hist., 
suggested  by  Coghlan's  Sys.  of  JInemouics,  Lon.,  1814. 

Garwood,  John.     The  Bible,  Lon.,  1S40,  Svo. 

Gascoigne,  Sir  Crisp.  Address  rel.  to  his  conduct 
in  the  Cases  of  E.  Canning  and  M.  Squires,  1754. 

Gascoigiie,  George,  1537-1577,  after  studying  for 
some  time  al  Cambridge,  removed  to  Gray's  Inn,  which  he 
deserted  for  the  army,  and  served  in  Holland,  where  he 
received  a  captain's  commission  from  the  Prince  of  Orange. 
Returning  to  England,  he  became  a  courtier,  and  contri- 
buted to  the  festivities  which  enlivened  the  business  of 
statesmen  and  the  progress  of  the  queen.  The  name  of 
The  Princely  Pleasures  of  Kenilworth  Castle,  one  of  Gas- 
coigne's  masques,  will  remind  many  of  our  readers  of 
Amy  Robsart  and  Sir  Richard  Varney,  of  the  ambitious 
Earl  and  his  imperious  mistress.  Among  Gascoigne's  best- 
known  pieces  are;  The  Glasseof  Gouernment ;  a  Tragicall 
Corned ie,  Lon.,  1575,  4to.  The  Steele  Glas  ;  aSatyre,  1576, 
4to.  A  Delicate  Diet  for  daintie  moutbde  Droonkards ; 
wherein  the  fowle  abuse  of  common  carousing  and  quaff- 
ing with  heartie  draughtes  is  honestly  admonished,  1576, 
Svo.  The  Broome  of  Doomes  Day;  wherein  the  Frailties 
and  Miseries  of  Man's  Life  are  Huely  portrayed  and  learn- 
edly set  forth,  15S6,  4to.  The  Comedie  of  Supposes,  and 
the  Tragedie  of  locasta,  in  the  collective  ed.  of  his  Whole 
Woorkes,  15S7,  4to.  Warton  says  that  the  Comedie  of  Sup- 
poses was  the  first  comedy  written  in  English  prose;  and 
Dr.  Farmer  in  his  Essay  on  Shakspeare  says  that  the  latter 
borrowed  part  of  the  plot  and  of  the  phraseology  of  this 
play,  and  transferred  it  into  his  Taming  of  the  Shrew. 
This  was  the  opinion  of  Chalmers,  Warton,  and  Gifford, 
also.  Many  of  Gascoigne's  works  are  reprinted  in  Chal- 
mers's ed.  of  the  Poets.  For  notices  of  early  eds.,  and  of 
the  author,  see  Athcn.  Oxon. ;  Whetstone's  Remembrance 
of  Gascoigne;  Censura  Literaria;  Brit.  Bibliog. ;  Warton's 
Hist,  of  Eng.  Poetry;  Brydges's  Phillips's  Theat.  Poet; 
Ritson's  BibL  Poetica;  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit. ;  Lowndes's  Bibl. 
Man. ;  Chalmers's  British  Poets. 

"One  of  the  smaller  poets  of  Queen  Elizabeth's  days,  whose 
poetical  works  nevertheless  have  been  thought  worthy  to  he  quoted 
among  the  chief  of  that  time;  his  Supposes,  a  Comedy;  Glass  of 
Government,  a  Tragi-Comedy ;  Jocasta.  a  Tragedy,  are  particularly 
remembered." — PhiUi2)ss  Theat.  Poet. 

*'  A  writer,  whose  mind,  though  it  exhibits  few  marks  of  strength, 
is  not  destitute  of  delicacy ;  he  is  smooth,  sentimental,  and  harmo- 
nious."— Hcadhy^s  Sdect  Beauties  of  Anc.  Eng.  Poet. 

'■  lie  has  much  exceeded  all  the  poets  of  his  age  in  smoothness 
and  harmony  of  versification." — Wartoji's  Obs.  en  the  Fairy  Queen. 

■'  From  what  I  have  seen  of  his  works,  his  fancy  seems  to  have 
been  sparkling  and  elegant,  and  he  always  writes  with  the  powers 
of  a  poet.'"— Sir  P.  E.  I{rydges.  (>)  his  e'?.'^ of  Phillips's  Thait.  Poff. 

"In  George  Gascoigne's  poem  there  are  many  things  about  the 
Dutch,  showing  that  the  English  despised  them,  and  despaired  of 
their  cause,  just  as  in  our  days  happened  to  the  Spaniards: 
■•'And  thus,  my  lord,  your  honour  may  discerne 
Our  perils  past,  Ac.'" 

lioht.  Snuthey  to  John  JRiclmon,  March  23,  1814. 

"The  general  commendations  of  Chalmers  on  this  poet  seem 
rather  hyperbolical.  But  his  minor  poems,  especially  one  called 
The  Arraignment  of  a  Lover,  have  much  spirit  and  gaiety:  and  we 
may  leave  him  a  respectable  place  among  the  Elizabethan  versi- 
fiers."— Hallam's  Lit.  Hist,  of  Europe. 

Gascoigne,  Henry  B,  Suggestions  for  the  Em- 
ployment of  the  Poor  of  the  Metropolis,  &c.,  1S17. 

Gascoyn,  Sir  Bernard.  Descrip.  of  Germany,  its 
Govt.,  &c.:  vide  Brown's  Miss.  Aulie,  1702. 

Gaskarth,  John,  D.D.  Texts  examined  cited  by 
Papists  for  their  Doctrine  of  Satisfaction,  Lon.,  1688,  4to. 
And  in  Gibson's  Preservative,  x.  264.  Sei*ms.,  &c.,  1683- 
1713. 

Gaskell,  Mrs.,  formerly  Miss  Stromkin,  wife  of  a 
Unitarian  minister  at  Manchester,  England,  has  attained 
considerable  popularity  as  the  authur  uf  The  Moorland 
Cottage,  Ruth,  Mary  Barton,  North  and  South,  and  Cran- 
ford.    Mary  Barton ;  a  Tale  of  Manchester  Life,  Lon.,  1848. 

"Mary  Barton  is  a  work  of  higher  pretensions  than  an  ordinary 
novel.  It  aims  not  only  at  the  delineationof  the  joys  and  sorrows, 
the  loves  and  hatreds  of  our  common  humanity,  but  it  professes 
also  io  give  a  picture  of  the  feelings,  habits,  opinions,  character, 
and  social  condition  of  a  particular  class  nf  the  people, — a  class, 
too,  which  has  of  late  yeai-s  attracted  a  great  share  of  public  atten- 
tion, and  has  probalOy  been  the  subject  of  more  misconception  and 
misrepresentation  than  b;is  fallen  to  the  lot  of  any  other.  .  .  .  The 
literary  merit  of  th^-  work  is  in  some  respects  of  a  very  high  order. 
Its  interest  is  intense;  often  painfully  so."— Iklin.  Rev.,  Ixxxis. 


402-135. 


654 


See  a  review  of  Ruth,  in  the  N.  Brit.  Rev..  May.  1853, 
and  of  North  and  South,  in  Blackw,  Mag.,  May,  1855. 

Life  of  Charlotte  Bronte,  Author  c)f  Jane  Eyre,  Shirley, 
Villette,  &c.,  1857,  2  vols.  p.  8vo.  This  work  was  alleged 
to.  contain  several  inaccuracies.  The  last  ed.,  pub.  in  1858, 
varies  considerably  from  the  earlier  issues :  see  Bronte, 
Charlotte.     Around  the  Sofa,  1858. 

Gaskin,   George,   D.D.,    Rector    of   St.  Benedict. 

1.  Serms.,  1798,  2  vols.  8vo.     2.  Occas.  Serms.,  1798-1821. 
Gaskin,  James  J.     1.  European  Geography  made 

Easy,  Lon.,  1843,  12mo:  2d  ed..  Lon.,  1846.  2,  Geography 
and  Sacred  Hist,  of  Syria,  1846,  18mo. 

Gaskiu,  John.     Serms.,  Brist.,  1844,  8vo. 

Gaspey,  Thomas,  an  author  of  our  own  times,  has 
pub.  The  Witch  Finder,  The  Self-Condemned,  The  History 
of  George  Godfrey,  and  other  romances.  In  oonjunciion 
with  George  Moir  Bussey,  he  pub.  in  1850,  2  vols.  imp.  Svo, 
Pictorial  History  of  France  and  of  the  French  People,  from 
the  establishment  of  the  Franks  in  Gaul  to  the  French 
Revolution,  illustrated  by  nearly  400  beautiful  engravings 
on  wood,  pub.  £2  16*. 

"An  admirably-written  and  very  interesting  work,  compiled  from 
the  writings  of  Sismtmdi,  Lacretelle,  and  Thiers.  It  is  a  very  de- 
sirable precursor  to  the  various  Lives  of  Napoleon  and  IlistorieB 
of  the  French  Kevolution." 

Gaspine,  John.  Serm.  on  Luke  xii.  32,  1663,  4to. 
See  p.  348  of  Farewell  Serms.,  Lon.,  1816,  Svo. 

Gass,  Patrick,  A  Jour,  of  the  Voyages  and  Travels 
of  a  corps  of  discovery  under  the  command  of  Capts.  Lewis 
and  Clarke,  1804-06,  Pittsburg,  1807,  12mo;  Lon.,  I  SOS, 
Svo;  Phila.,  1810,  '12,  12mo. 

'■  It  is  curious  to  observe  how  ingeniously  Mr.  Gass  has  avoided 
whatever  could  interest  or  amuse.  All  he  says,  we  have  no  doubt, 
is  strictly  true:  at  least,  if  intolerable  dullness  he  a  symptom  of 
truth  in  narration,  he  has  amply  vindicated  his  veracity.'' — Lon. 
Quar.  Rev.,  i.  293-304. 

See  Allen,  Paul;  Biddle,  Nicholas;  Lewis,  Meri- 
wether. 

Gast,  John,  D.D.,  Archdeacon  of  Glandclogh.  1.  Rud. 
of  Grecian  Hist,  to  Philip  of  Macedon,  Lon.,  1754,  Svo. 

2.  Hist,  of  Greece  from  Alex,  of  Macedon  till  the  final  Sub- 
jection to  the  Koman  Power,  1782,  4to.  3.  Lett  from  a 
Clergyman,  Ac.  to  his  Popish  Parishioners. 

Gaston,  Rev.  Hngh.  A  Scripture  Account  of  the 
Faith  and  Practice  of  Christians,  consisting  of  collections 
of  pertinent  texts  of  Scripture  upon  the  sundry  Articles  of 
Revealed  Religion.  Lon.,  1764,  Svo.  New  ed.,  enlarged, 
by  Joseph  Strutt,  1813,  Svo.  Again,  1824,  Svo.  To  this 
ed.  20,000  references  are  added.  Again,  1S47.  Svo;  Phila., 
1855,  Svo.  Pub.  by  F.  Bell.  See  Pehcy,  Thomas.  The 
ed.  by  Mr.  Bell  is  that  corrected  and  revised  by  the  Rev. 
John  Hall.  The  late  eds.  are  entitled  Gaston's  Common- 
Place  Book,  Ac. 

"The  arriin^ement  is  clear,  the  selection  of  texts  is  sufficiently 
ample,  and  a  useful  index  enables  the  reader  to  find  passages  of 
Scripture  arranged  on  almost  every  topic  he  can  desire.  .  .  .  As  it 
is  of  easy  purchase,  it  may  be  substituted  for  any  of  the  larger 
common-plnce  books." — Holme's  BibL  Bib. 

"The  attributes,  perfections,  and  operations  of  God;  the  glories 
of  the  Saviour:  the  accomplished  work  of  redemption,  and  the 
agency  of  the  Holy  spirit,  are  severally  enlarged  upon.  The  divine 
law  is  amplified  with  the  consentaneous  illustrations  of  its  pre- 
cepts by  our  Lord  himself,  and  by  the  prophets  and  apostles.  The 
personal  and  relative  duties  of  mankind  are  largely  insisted  upon." 
— Lowmles's  Brit.  Lib. 

Gastrell,  Francis,  1662-1725,  a  native  of  Slapton, 
Northampton,  entered  Christ  Church,  Oxf.,  I6S0  ;  preacher 
at  Lincoln's  Inn,  1(594;  Canon  of  Christ  Church,  Oxf., 
1702;  Bishop  of  Chester,  1714.  1.  Considerations  on  the 
Trinity,  Lon.,  1G1>6,  1702,  '07,  4to.  Also  reprinted  in  Bp. 
Randolph's  Enchiridion  Theologicum,  vol.  iii.  2.  The 
Certainty  and  Xecessity  of  Religion  in  General;  8  Serms. 
at  Boyle's  Lcct.  on  Heb.  xi.  G,  ltJ97,  ViVi,  Svo;  1739,  fol. 
Gastrell  followed  up  this  attack  upon  Atheism  by  a  blow 
at  Deism  in  (3.)  The  Certainty  of  the  Christian  Revela- 
tion, and  the  necessity  of  believing  it,  established,  169'J, 
Svo.  4.  Fast  Serm.,  1704,  '07,  4to,  5.  The  Christian  In- 
stitutes; or,  the  Sincere  Word  of  God,  1707,  ^09,  Svo; 
1717,  12mo.  Frequently  reprinted;  recently  by  the  Lond. 
C.  K.  Society  in  12mo. 

**  This  valuable  little  work,  which  may  perhaps  be  considered  as 
a  Concordance  of  parallel  passages  at  full  length,  ....  may  be 
very  advanta^'eously  substituted  for  any  of  the  subsequent  larger 
and  more  expensive  works.  The  'Economy  of  a  Christian  Lite,' 
published  by  the  Kev.  W.  Bingley  in  1SU8,  2  vols.  12mo,  is  similar 
in  design,  but  upon  the  whole  better  arranged  than  Bp.  Gastrell's 
little  manual.'' — Home's  Bibl.  Bib. 

6.  Serm.,  1712,  4to.  7.  Serm.  1714,  4to.  8.  Remarks 
upon  the  Seripturo  Doctrine  of  the  Trinity,  by  Dr.  Samuel 
Clarke,  1714. 

"  Dr.  Clarke  acknowledged  that  the  objections  to  his  doctrine 
were  there  set  forth  to  p.irticular  advantage,  by  the  skill  of  a  very 


GAS 


GAU 


aHe  and  learned  writer,  and  pnjpnsed  with  a  reasonable  and  good 
spirit." 

9.  His  Case  with  respect  to  the  Wartlenship  of  Man- 
chester, 1721.  10.  Certainty  of  a  Future  State,  1725,  '37, 
Svo.  11.  Tracts,  8vo.  Some  other  treatises  are  ascribed 
to  him. 

"  lie  left  a  sufficient  monument  of  himself  in  bis  writings,  and 
his  virtues  are  far  from  being  yet  forsottsn." — Dr.  Willis. 

See  Biog.  Brit. ;  Atterbury  Curresp. :  Nichols's  Lit.  Anec. 

Gastrell,  Peregrine,  LL.D.  Enquiry  into  the  Es.- 
ercise  of  some  parts  of  Ecclesiastical  Jurisdiction,  Lon., 
1747,  Svo. 

Gataker,  Charles,  1614?-!  GSO,  son  of  the  celebrated 
Thomas  Gataker,  educated  at  Sidney  Coll.,  Camb.,  and 
Pembroke  Coll.,  Oxf.,  became  Rector  of  Iloggeston,  Buck- 
inghamshire, about  1647,  and  continued  there  until  his 
death.  lie  wrote  some  treatises  against  the  Papists,  The 
Way  of  Truth  and  Peace,  or  a  Reconciliation  of  St.  Paul 
and  St.  James  concerning  Justification,  another  work  on 
Justification,  animadversions  on  Bull's  Ilarmonia  Aposto- 
lica,  &c.     See  Athen.  Oxon. ;  Gcnl.  Biog.  Diet. 

Gataker,  Thomas,  1574-1(554,  was  educated  at  St. 
John's  Coll.,  Camb.;  preacher  at  Lincoln's  Inn,  1001; 
Rector  of  Rotherhithe,  1611.  He  was  for  many  years  de- 
barred from  active  pastoral  duty  by  ill  health.  He  was 
one  of  those  who  suiiscribed  the  Covenant,  but  professed 
his  attachment  to  Kpiseopaey,  and  in  the  time  of  the  Com- 
monwealth sided  with  the  Presbyterians  rather  thaji  the 
Independents.  He  was  one  of  the  most  learned  critics  of 
his  day,  and  Salmasius,  Aenius,  Culomies,  Morhof,  Baillet, 
as  well  as  the  British  scholars,  united  in  his  praise.  Among 
his  principal  works  are; — 1.  Of  the  Nature  and  Use  of 
Lots;  aTreatise,  Hist. and Theolog., Lon.,  1616, '19, *27,4to. 

"This  publication  made  a  great  noise,  and  drew  him  afterwards 
into  a  controversy." 

2.  Serms.,  1620,  4to;  1637,  fol.  He  also  pub.  a  number 
of  other  serms.  and  discourses,  1620-1707. 

"  In  his  sermons,  suitably  to  the  very  great  learning  of  the 
man.  there  is  a  wonderful  variety  of  useful  matter." — Dr.  Wotto7i's 
Study  of  Divinity- 

3.  Dissertatio  de  Stylo  Novi  Testament!,  1648,  4to.  4. 
Cinnus.  <fec.,  1651,  4to.  5.  Adversaria  Miscellanea,  1659, 
fol.     This  was  completed  by  his  son. 

"Gataker  vindicates  the  purity  of  the  Greek  of  the  New  Testa- 
ment writers  from  Hebraisms  and  barbarisms  against  Pfochenius; 
and  illustrates  many  of  its  difficult  words  and  idioms.  He  was  a 
profound  Greek  scholar,  and  applied  his  knowledge  very  success- 
fully to  the  illustration  of  the  Scriptures,  and  also  of  the  clast^ics; 
though  his  ide;»s  of  the  correctness  and  elegance  of  the  style  of  the 
New  Te^tamnnt  were  carried  to  au  extreme.  Some  of  his  Knglish 
writings,  as  his  Essay  on  the  Nature  and  Use  of  Lots,  are  also 
worth  reading." — Ornie^s  Bibl.  Bih. 

"  Gataker  examines  this  subject  [Lots]  with  great  learning,  judg- 
ment and  accuiacy." — Wordsworth'' s  Chris.  Instit. 

His  share  of  the  annotations  upon  the  Scriptures — the 
books  of  Isaiah,  Jeremiah,  and  Lamentations — written  by 
divines  of  the  Westminster  Assembly,  was  so  admirably 
performed,  that  Calamy  does  not  scruple  to  assert  that  no 
commentator,  ancient  or  modern,  is  entitled  to  higher 
praise. 

Opera  Critica,  edente  Hermanno  "Witsio.  Traj.  ad  Rhen., 
169S,  2  tom.  in  3  vols.  fol.  Tom.  II.  continent  M.  Anto- 
nini  Imp.  de  Rebus  suis,  Libros  XII.  et  Opuscula  Vuria. 
*' A  very  learned  divine,  Thomas  Gafciker,  one  whom  a  foreign 
writer  has  placed  among  the  six  I'rotestants  most  conspicuous,  in 
his  judgment,  for  depth  of  reading.  .  .  .  Gat-iker  stood,  ppi  haps, 
next  to  Usher,  in  general  estimation." — HaUam's  Lit.  Hist,  of 
Europt. 

See  Mr.  Hallam's  comments  upon  Gataker's  Cinnus, 
Ac,  Adversaria  Posthuma,  and  Marcus  Antoninus.  The 
English  reader  should  procure  The  Meditations  of  Anto- 
ninus, with  Gataker's  Preliminary  Discourse,  and  Dacier's 
Life  of  the  Emperor,  trans,  by  Jeremy  Collier,  1701,  Svo. 
After  reading  Gataker's  Prelim.  Discourse,  ho  is  not  to 
read  the  Meditations  in  this  trans.,  for  it  is  inelegant, 
vulgar,  and  ludicrous,  but  must  read  the  trans,  by  R. 
Graves,  Bath,  1792,  Svo,  or  some  other  good  version. 
Antoninus  is  well  worth  attention  : 

''His   Meditations,  though    they  want   style,  will  well   I'epay 
perusal,  from  the  pure  sentiments  of  piety  and  benevolence  which 
they  exhibit," — Wakefield. 
"  A  profound  scholar." — Dr.  Parr. 

Baillet  commends  his  great  learning,  but  considers  him 
to  have  been  too  bold  in  his  conjectures. 

"  Vir  stupend;e  lectionis  magni  que  judicii." — Morhof. 
"Ecriticis  omnibus  qui    hoc  s^eculo  ad  politiorum  literarum 
illustrationem  aliquid  scripsere,  vix  ac  ne  vis  quidera  ullas  in- 
venietur,   qui   in   auth'oribus  dilijenter    ac  accurate   tractandis 
rhomae  Gatakero  palmam  praeri  piat." — Paul  Colomesius. 

Gataker,  Thomas,  surgeon,  pub.  a   trans,  of  Le 
Dran's  Surgery,  nnd  some  other  profess,  treatises,  1749-64. 
Gatchell,  Thomas.     Serin.,  1706,  4to. 
Gates,  Geottrey.     The  Militarie  Profession,  1579. 


Gatford.     Serms.,  1643,  4to. 

Gatford.  A  Disquisition,  how  far  Conquest  gives  the 
Conqueror  a  Title.  Anon. 

Gatford,  liiouel.      1.  Hyperphysical  Directions  in 

the  Time  of  the  Plague,  Oxf.,  1644,  4to.  2.  Public  Good 
without  Private  Interests;  or,  a  Compendious  Remon- 
strance of  the  sad  State  and  Condition  of  Virginia,  Ac, 
Lon.,  1657,  4to,  pp.  27.  The  Charter  of  Virginia,  pp.  23, 
is  annexed  to  this  pamphlet.  3.  Narrative  of  the  Death 
of  Mr.  W.  Tyrel,  and  the  Preservation  of  Sir  John  Rous, 
1661,  4to. 

Gathercole,  Rev.  M.  A.  Letters  to  a  Dissenting 
Minister,  with  the  Author's  Reasons  for  conforming  to  the 
Ch.  of  Eng.,  5th  ed.,  Lon.,  183fi.  This  little  work,  twice 
noticed  by  the  Bishop  of  London,  excited  much  attention. 
See  an  account  of  the  controversy  connected  with  it  in 
Lowndes's  Brit.  Lib.,  1147. 

Gatisdcu.     See  GADDEsnEN, 

Gatton,  Benj.  Theolog.  treatises,  &c.,  1701-32. 
Eighteen  Serms.,  Oxon.,  1732,  Svo. 

Gatty,  Alfred,  Vicar  of  Eccles6eld.  1.  Serms.,  Lon,, 
2  vols.  12mo,  vol.  i.,  1843  j  2d  ed.,  1S47  j  vol.  ii.,  1648. 
Notice  of  vol.  i. : 

"The  subjects  treated  of  are  various  and  full  of  interest,  and  all 
are  treated  with  pn.-at  energy  and  with  considerable  perspicuity 
of  expression  and  orijiiuality  of  thought.  These  productions  are 
eminently  indicative  of  mind,  judfrment,  and  pure  intention,  and 
are  constructed  for  general  use." — Church  and  State  G'tziite. 

"  All  the  topics  are  handled  in  a  plain,  practical,  straightforward 
manner,  and,  though  moderate  in  doctrine,  they  are  always  sound, 
and  have  often  much  originality." — Ch.  f>f  Eng.  Quar.  Itev. 

Notice  of  vol.  ii. : 

"  They  are  sermons  of  a  high  and  solid  character,  and  are  the 
productions  of  a  good  Churchman.  They  are  earnest  and  affec- 
tionate, and  follow  out  the  Church's  doctrine." — Lon.  Theologian. 

2.  The  Bell ;  its  Origin,  History,  and  Uses.  New  ed., 
1848,  12mo. 

"  A  very  varied,  learned  and  amusing  essay  on  the  subject  of 
bells." — Lon.  Spectator. 

3.  The  Vicar  nnd  his  Duties,  1853,  12mo.  4.  Serms.  for 
Wayfarers,  1854,  cr.  Svo. 

Gatty,  Mrs,  Alfred.  The  Fairy  Godmothers;  and 
other  Tales,  Lon.,  1851,  12mo. 

*'  Uer  love  for  fairy  literature  has  led  Mrs.  Alfred  Gatty  to  com- 
pose four  pretty  little  moral  stories,  in  which  the  fairies  are  grace- 
fully enough  used  as  machinery.  They  are  shght,  but  well  writ- 
ten."— Lmi.  Guardian. 

"  Approaching  in  tone  and  tendency  to  the  fairy-tales  of  Ander- 
sen. Most  commendable  as  a  fairy-book,  with  a  beautiful  illus- 
tration by  an  amateur  artist,  Miss  L.  K.  Barker." — Lon.  AtliKuauiu. 

Gaudeu,  Johu,  D.D.,  1605-1662,  a  native  of  Jlay- 
field,  Essex,  educated  at  St.  John's  Coll.,  Camb.,  became 
Vicar  of  Chippenham,  and  subsequently  Rector  of  Bright- 
well,  Berkshire.  Being  appointed  chaplain  to  Robert, 
Earl  of  Warwick,  he  preached  before  the  House  of  Com- 
mons, Nov.  29,  1640,  and  so  pleased  the  members  that 
they  gave  him  a  silver  tankard,  and  in  the  next  year 
presented  him  to  the  rich  deanery  of  Booking,  in  Essex. 
When  he  discovered  the  murderous  designs  entertained  by 
the  Parliamentarians,  he  boldly  opposed  them  in  a  published 
protest,  (1648,  fob,)  and  after  the  king  had  been  put  to 
death,  he  wrote  A  Just  Invective  against  those  of  the 
army  and  their  abettors  who  murthered  K.  Charles  L,  Ac. ; 
written  Feb.  10,  1648.  But  this  was  not  pub.  until  after 
the  Restoration,  i.  e.  in  1662.  In  1660  he  was  made  Bishop 
of  Exeter,  and  in  1662  translated  to  Worcester.  He  wrote 
a  number  of  treatises  in  vindication  of  the  Church  of  Eng- 
land and  its  ministers,  among  which  are  Hieraspistes,  or 
A  Defence  of  the  Ministry  and  Mini.--ters  of  the  Ch.  of 
Eng.,  1653,  4to  ;  The  Case  of  Ministers'  Maintenance  by 
Tithes,  1653 ;  Petitionary  Remonstrance  to  Oliver  Crom- 
well in  behalf  of  the  Clergy  of  Eng.,  1659,  4to;  Ecclesiie 
Anglicana;  Suspiria;  The  Tears,  Sighs,  and  Complaints 
of  the  Ch.  of  Eng.,  1659,  fol.;  Antisacrllegus,  1600,  4to; 
serms.,  &c. 

The  character  of  Gauden  has  been  violently  assailed ; 
but  he  lived  in  days  when  prominent  men  of  either  party 
were  not  likely  to  meet  with  much  mercy  from  their  oppo- 
nents. Witliout  entering  into  any  examination  of  his 
character,  it  is  but  fair  to  quote  Wood's  declaration,  and 
thus  give  him  credit  for  what  cannot  be  disputed: 

'*  While  he  continued  there  [tutor  at  Wndham  College]  the  great- 
ness of  his  parts  were  much  improved  by  the  greatness  of  indus- 
ti-y,  bestowing  the  most  part  of  the  day  and  night  too  in  the  study 
of  divine  matters;  .  .  .  esteemed  by  all  that  knew  him  a  very 
comely  person,  a  man  of  vast  parts,  and  one  that  had  been  strangely 
improved  by  unwearied  labour." — Athoi.  Oxon. 

But  we  must  no  longer  delay  the  introduction  of  a  sub- 
ject which,  more  than  all  other  causes  of  notoriety,  has  in- 
vested and  still  invests  the  , name  of  Gauden  with  deep 
interest  to  the  student  of  political  and  literary  history: — 
the  authorship  of  Eikon  Basilike.     In  our  articles  on  An- 


GAU 


NESLET,  AnTHCR,  Earl  OF,  and  Charles  I.,  King  of  Eng- 
land, we  have  already  dwelt  somewhat  upon  this  vexed 
question,  and  referred  the  reader  to  the  article  he  is  now 
perusing,  promising  to  direct  him  to  the  hest  sources  of  iu- 
formation  on  this  subject.  The  "famous  memorandum" 
in  the  Earl  of  Anglesey's  copy  of  the  Eilion  Basilike  was 
discovered  by  Mr.  Millington,  the  auctioneer  who  sold  his 
lordship's  library.  It  is  a  MS.  declaration  by  the  E.arl 
that  K.  Charles  II.  and  the  Duke  of  York  had  both  assured 
him  that  the  work  in  question 

•■  Was  nom-  of  the  said  Knic's  oompiline,  but  made  by  Dr.  Gau- 
den.  Kishop  of  Chester,  which  I  here  insert,  for  the  undeceiving 
others  in  lljis  point,  by  attesting  so  much  under  my  band." 

This  memor.andum  was  given  to  the  world,  and  great 
was  the  controversy,  and  many  were  the  books,  to  which  it 
gave  rise.  As  regards  the  work  itself,  wo  have  already 
said  so  much  uuder  the  name  of  Charles  I.  that  we  may 
be  excused  from  lingering  much  on  this  point.  Those  who 
are  disposed  to  jiursue  the  subject  at  length  can  examine 
the  dissertations  upon  this  question  by  Milton,  Jane,  Lud- 
low, HoUingworth,  Walker,  Long,  Wagstaff,  Burnet,  Dug- 
dale,  Nash,  Birch,  Granger,  Burton  ;  Gent.  Mag.  for  1754  ; 
Nichols's  Lit.  Anec. ;  Lon.  Quar.  Rev. ;  Brydges's  Resti- 
tuta;  see  these  and  other  authorities  cited  in  Lowndes's 
Bibl.  Man.;  also  see  authorities  cited  in  Biog.  Erit. ;  Laing's 
Hist,  of  Scotland;  Lloyd's  Memoirs;  Maty's  Review; 
Dean  Barwick's  Life;  Who  wrote  Icon  Basilike?  by  Chris- 
topher Wordsworth,  D.D.,  1824,  '26,  '28,  3  vols.  8vo;  and 
a  review  of  vol.  i.  of  this  work  I)y  Sir  James  Mackintosh, 
in  Edin.  Rev.,  xliv.  1-47.  It  is  fair  to  add  that  in  his  last 
vol.  Dr.  Wordsworth  stoutly  defends  his  position  against 
Lingard,  Todd,  Broughton,  tho  Edinburgh  Review,  and 
Hallam.  Surely  the  good  doctor  had  his  hands  full.  Mr. 
Todd  rejoined  in  the  next  year,  1829. 

If  the  reader  .ask  iis  "Who  wrote  Icon  Bfisilike?"  we 
shall  be  obliged  to  reply  as  we  shall  when  he  (by  supposi- 
tion) asks  us  "Who  wrote  Junius?" — Really,  we  cannot 
tell.  To  show  him  that  we  have  no  great  reason  to  blush 
for  our  ignorance,  we  beg  to  tell  him  that  the  learned  Dr. 
Wordsworth  "proves"  th.at  King  Charles  I.  wrote  it,  and 
the  equally  learned  Sir  James  Mackintosh  "proves"  that 
Bishop  G.auden  wrote  it.  Now  it  is  cert.ain  that  both  can- 
not be  right,  and  it  is  just  as  certain  that  it  would  puzzle  a 
wiser  head  than  ours  to  prove  that  either  is  wrong.  Those 
who  wish  to  see  Dr.  Wordsworth  supported  can  turn  to  the 
London  Qu.arterly  Review,  xxxii.  467-505 ;  and  those  who 
wish  to  see  Sir  James  Mackintosh  countenanced  can  con- 
sult Todd's  answer  to  Wordsworth,  and  Henry  llallam's 
Introduction  to  the  Literature  of  Europe.  The  quotation 
of  the  opinion  of  the  last-named  eminent  authority  may 
fitly  conclude  this  article : 

"The  famous  loon  Dasilice  .ascribed  to  Charles  I.  may  deserve  a 
place  in  literary  history.  If  we  could  trust  its  panegyrists,  few 
books  in  our  langu.age  have  done  it  more  credit  by  dignity  of  sen- 
timent and  beauty  of  style.  It  can  hardly  be  necessary  for  me  to 
express  my  unhesitating  conviction  that  it  was  solely  written  by 
Bishop  Gauden.  who  after  the  Restoration  unequivocally  claimed 
it  as  his  own.  The  folly  and  impudence  of  such  a  claim,  if  it  could 
not  be  substantiated,  are  not  to  be  presumed  as  to  any  man  of 
good  understanding,  fair  character,  and  high  station,  without 
stronger  evidence  than  has  been  alleged  on  the  other  side;  espe- 
cially when  we  find  that  those  who  had  the  best  means  of  inquiry, 
at  a'time  when  it  seems  impossible  that  the  falsehood  of  Gaudeu's 
assertion  should  not  have  been  demonstrated,  if  it  were  false, 
acquiesced  in  his  pretensions.  We  have  very  little  to  place  against 
this,  except  secondary  testimony,  vague,  for  the  most  p.art.  in  itself. 
and  collected  by  those  whose  veracity  has  not  been  put  to  the  test 
like  that  of  CanJen.  The  style  also  of  the  Icon  Basilice  has  been 
identified  by  Mr.  Todd  with  that  of  Gauden  by  the  use  of  several 
phrases  so  peculiar  that  we  can  hardly  conceive  them  to  have  sug- 
gested themselves  to  more  than  one  person.  It  is  nevertheless 
superior  to  his  acknowledged  writings.  A  strain  of  majestic  mt^ 
lancholy  is  well  kept  up;  but  the  personated  sovereign  is  rather 
too  theatrical  for  real  nature,  the  language  is  too  rhetorical  and 
amplified,  the  periods  too.irtiticially  elaborated.  None  but  scholars 
and  practical  wi-ilers  employ  such  a  style  as  this.'' — Ed.  3d,  Zwi., 
1847,  vol.  Hi.  152,  153. 

Here  we  had  intended  to  stop.  But  fearful  that  the  last 
quotation  may  settle  the  question  with  our  reader,  and  hav- 
ing a  charitable  desire  to  leave  him  in  the  same  pleasing 
uncertainty  with  which  we  shall  dismiss  him  from  the  Ju- 
nius controversy — in  the  same  state,  in  short,  in  which  we 
find  ourselves — we  throw  out  for  his  consideration  the  fol- 
lowing comment,  which  has  at  least  the  authority  of  a  great 

name: 

"  To  go  no  further  for  a  testimony,  let  his  own  writings  witness, 
which  speak  him  no  less  an  author  than  a  monaich,  composed  with 
such  a  commanding  majeslic  pathos,  as  if  they  bad  been  writ  not 
with  a  pen  but  with  a  sceptre,  and  for  those  who.sc  virulent  and 
ridiculous  calumnies  ascribe  that  incomparable  piece  to  others,  1 
say  it  is  a  sufficient  argument  that  those  did  not  write  it  because 
thev  could  not." — South. 

Since  we  prepared  the  above  article  for  the  press,  Mr. 
666 


GAY 

Macaulav  has  pub.  vols.  iii.  and  iv.  of  his  Hist,  of  Eng- 
land, (Lon.,  Dec.  1855,)  and  in  this  learned  and  instructive 
work  we  find  the  following  expression  of  opinion  upon 
that  ve.ted  question  .above  noticed : 

■'■  l-n  that  year  [1692]  an  honest  old  clergyman  named  W  alker, 
who  had.  in  the  time  of  the  Commonwealth,  been  Gauden's  curate. 
wrote  a  book  which  convinced  all  sensible  and  dispassionate  readers 
that  Gauden,  and  not  Charles  the  I'irst,  was  the  author  ol  the  Icon 
Basilike."  . 

Gaiile,  John,  wrote  several  works  on  theology,  witch- 
craft, and  astrology,  1628-60.  See  Bibl.  Brit.,  and  Lon. 
Retrosp.  Review,  iv.  223-30,  1821,  for  a  notice  of  his  Dis- 
tractions; or,  the  Holy  Madnesse,  162a,  8vo. 

".lohn  Oaule  seems  to  have  thought  that  the  art  of  pleasing  was 
wrapt  up  in  a  pun.  or  in  marshalling  an  overpowering  collection 
of  epithets  in  •  battalous  array.'  '^—Ubi  supra. 
Gaunt.  John.  Three  Serms.,  1769,  Svo. 
Gauntiett,  Henry,  Vicar  of  Olney.  1.  Scrrn.,  Oxon., 
1809  Svo.  2.  Proverbs  of  Solomon,  with  Observ.,  1813. 
3  Expos.'of  tho  Book  of  Revelation;  being  the  substance 
of  44  Discourses,  2d  ed.,  1821,  r.  8vo;  4th  ed.,  revised, 
since  pub. 

"  Very  much  on  the  plan  of  Bishop  Newton  and  l^cott^practical 
and  useful."— a'c.'.ers/cMi's  Cliris.  Stu. 

"His  interpretations  of  the  prophecies,  whether  fullilled  or  ex- 
pected to  be  so.  are  mostly  supported  by  venerable  authorities ; 
and  where  he  differs  fiom  them,  it  is  with  modesty  and  candour. 
—Britith  Bet-iew,  xviii.  306. 

Gavin,  Antony.  Master  Key  to  Popery,  Lon.,  li 25- 
26,  3  vols.  8vo;  3d  ed.  of  vol.  i.,  1729. 

"  An  extraordinary  work,  exposing  the  system  of  Popery. 
Gavner,  John.    The  100  Weight  Fraction-Book,  1815. 
Gawen,  Nicholas.     Christ's  Pre-eminence  Asserted 
and  Vindicated.  Oxon.,  1668,  fol. 

Gawler,  Wm.     Harmonia  Sacra,  1781,  4to. 
Gawton,  Richard.     The  Lord's  Supper,  1612,  Svo. 
Gay,  Ebcnczcr,  D.D.,  1696-1787,  minister  of  Hing- 
ham,  Mass.     Serms.,  &e.,  1726-81. 

>•  Dr  Chauncy  pronounces  him  to  have  been  one  of  the  greatest 
and  most  valuable  men  in  the  country."  See  Allen's  Amer.  Blog 
Diet.,  and  authorities  there  cited. 

Gay,  John,  1688-1732,  a  native  of  Barnstaple,  the 
descendant  of  the  ancient  family  of  the  Le  Gays  of  Oxford 
and  Devonshire,  was  at  an  early  age  apprenticed  to  a  silk- 
mercer  in  London.  A  brief  experience  proved  both  to 
himself  and  his  master  that  he  was  ill  suited  for  the  duties 
of  active  life,  and,  obtaining  a  discharge  from  his  inden- 
tures, he  determined  to  follow  his  literary  inclinations. 
The  amiability  and  unobtrusiveness  of  his  character  re- 
commended him  to  the  friendship  of  Pope,  Swift,  and 
other  wits  of  the  day,  and  his  new  attachments  were 
strengthened  by  the  evidence  of  poetical  abilities  displayed 
in  his  Rural  Sports,  a  descriptive  poem  addressed  to  Pope, 
and  pub.  in  1711.  In  the  next  year  he  obtained  the  situa- 
tion of  domestic  secretary  to  the  Duchess  of  Monmouth ; 
and  two  years  later  produced  The  Fan;  a  Poem,  and  The 
Shepherd's  Week,  in  VL  Pastorals.  Trivia;  or,  the  Art 
of  Walking  the  Streets,  appeared  in  the  succeeding  year. 

But  during  this  period  ho  had  not  neglected  the  stage— 
a  successful  appearance  on  which  was  the  great  object  of 
ambition  to  the  poets  of  his  day  and  the  preceding  reigns. 
In  1713  his  comedy  of  tho  Wife  of  Bath  had  been  con- 
demned ;  but  in  the  next  year  the  play  of  What  D'ye  Call 
It?  a  kind  of  mock  tragedy,  met  with  better  success,  and 
was  honoured  by  tho  presence  of  the  Prince  and  Pvinces.^ 
of  Wales.     Encouraged  by  his  good  fortune,  he  presented 
the  town,  in  1717,  with  the  comedy  of  Three  Hours  after 
Marriage.     This  piece  proved  a  failure,  and  Gay  bore  all 
the  disgrace  attaching  to  want  of  success  ;  although  Pope 
and  Arbuthnot  would  probably  have  claimed  a  share  in 
the  authorship  had  any  laurels  been  forthcoming.     How- 
ever, Gay's  wounded  feelings  were  somewhat  soothed  by 
a  profit  of  £1000  on  an  edition  of  his  Poems,  pub.  by  sub- 
scription in  1720;  and  he  also  received  about  this  time  a 
present  from  Mr.  Secretary  Craggs  of    some  South  Sea 
stock.     His  interest  in  this  famous  buljble  was  supposed 
to  be  worth  £20,000,  but,  not  willing  to  accept  this  sum. 
ho  held  his  stock,  and  soon  found  it  to  be  utterly  worth- 
less.    In  1724  he  wrote  the  tragedy  of  The  Captives,  which 
was  tolerably  successful  on  the  stage,  and  seems  to  have 
pleased  the  Princess  of  W.ales.  who  heard  it  read  by  the 
author  in  MS. ;  for  she  engaged  him  to  write  for  the  bone- 
fit  of  the  Duke  of  Cumberland,  then  an  infant,  some  fables 
in  verse.     This  was  the  origin  of  the  Fables,  by  which, 
next  to  the  Beggar's  Opera,  Gay  is  best  known  to  the  pre- 
sent generation. 

The  famous  play  just  named  was  produced  in  November, 
1727,  and  immediately  took  the  town  by  storm,  enjoying 
a  run  of  no  less  than  sixty-three  nights.  The  author  and 
his  friends  were  in  ecstasies.    The  ladies  carried  about  the 


GAY 

favourite  songs  in  fans,  the  morals  of  thousands  of  hope- 
ful youug  people  were  corruptt-a  for  life,  and,  as  if  n.dulity 
itself  must  make  a  costly  (.ifering  to  the  shrine  of  infamy 
— Larinia  Fentun,  (the  Polly  I'fachum  of  the  play,)  a 
notorious  unmarried  courtesan  win.  had  long  known  ma- 
ternal responsibilities,  was  led  tu  the  altar  in  pomp  by  the 
Right  Uon.  Lord  Charles,  third  Duke  of  Bolton. 

We  are  not  ignorant  that  the  injurijus  influences  which 
we  charge  upon  the  Beggar's  Opera  have  beun  dcniud  :  and 
this  might  surprise  us  if  any  thing  in  the  way  of  efiVontery 
or  sophistry  could  now  excite  our  wonder.  But  the  fact 
which  we  are  about  to  quote  is  worth  more  than  all  the 
special  pleading  which  has  been  lavished  upon  such  sub- 
jects from  the  days  of  John  D'Urfey  to  the  present  gene- 
ration : 

"  In  the  year  1773,  Sir  John  Fielding  told  the  bench  of  Justices 
that  he  had  written  tn  Jlr.  Garrick  roncerning  the  impropriety  of 
performing  the  Beiri^ar's  Opem.  which  never  ivas  npre^nit'd  with- 
out creatiug  an  additional  nitmher  of  thkres  ;  and  they  particularly 
requested  that  he  would  desist  from  performiug  that  opera  on 
Salurdiii/  evcninij.  ^urh  also  were  the  fears  of  the  church  ns  to  the 
effects  of  this  play,  that  Dr.  liening,  then  Archbishop  ot  Cautt-r- 
bury,  preached  a  sermon  a;rainst  it;  and  Beau  Swift  was  writing 
in  favour  of  it  in  the  Intelli;_-encer. 

"Gay  was  called,  iu  ccusequence  of  it,  the  Orpheus  of  IIi;;liway- 
men." 

But  excepting  fame — or  disgrace,  as  we  should  term  it 
— Mr.  Gay  received  but  little  compensation  for  the  mis- 
chievous effects  produced  by  the  Beggar's  Opera.  He 
pocketed  but  £400,  and  perhaps  this  was  hardly  sufficient 
to  soothe  the  compunctious  visitings  naturally  excited  by 
such  evil  agency.  He  therefore  wrote  a  sequel  to  the  Beg- 
gar's Opera,  entitled  Polly,  the  representation  of  which 
was  forbidden — for  political  reasons — by  the  Lord-Cham- 
berlain. This  refusal  excited  the  ire  of  the  party  in  op- 
position, and  a  profit  of  £1100  or  £1200  accrued"  to  Gay 
from  the  publii.ation  of  the  prohibited  piece.  Nor  was 
this  his  only  triumph.  The  Duke  and  Duchess  of  Queens- 
berry  adopted  bim  as  a  member  of  their  family,  and  his 
Grace  became  pecuniary  guardian  of  the  poet,  who,  like 
most  poets,  knew  not  how  to  keep  his  money.  His  lord- 
ship proved  so  able  a  financier,  that  on  his  death,  Dec.  4, 
1732,  Gay  left  a  property  of  £:5000.  In  addition  to  the 
works  already  noticed,  he  wrote  The  Distressed  Wife,  a 
Comedy;  Achilles,  an  Opera;  Dione,  a  Pastoral,  &c. ;  and 
many  songs  and  ballads.  The  best-known  specimen  of 
his  prose  is  the  letter — in  which  he  was  assisted  by  Pope 
— from  Lord  Haroourt's  seat  in  Oxfordshire,  giving  an 
account  of  the  death  of  two  village  lovers  by  a  stroke  of 
lightning.  Among  his  minor  poems  may  be  instanced 
The  Hare  with  many  Friends,  The  Court  of  Death,  and 
Black-Eyed  Susan.  As  a  poet,  his  merits  were  great;  as 
a  man,  he  was  indolent,  amiable,  and  irresolute;  as  a 
moralist,  he  is  entitled  to  no  consideration  whatever.  He 
lived  with  no  higher  purpose  than  to  please,  and  died  with 
the  consciousness  that  he  had  done  little  or  nothing  to 
profit  or  instruct. 

His  Poems  on  several  occasions  were  pub.  in  1720,  2 
vols.  4to;  Miscellanies,  by  Swift,  Pope,  Arbuthnot,  and 
Gay,  1727,  3  vols.  8vo;  Gay's  Works,  1722-25,  6  vols. 
12mo;  Poems,  1727,  2  vols.  12mo;  173T,  2  vols.  Svo ; 
1762,  2  vols.  12mo;  1767,  2  vols.  12mo ;  Miscell.  AVorks, 
1773,  4  vols.  12mo;  Poems  never  printed,  1820,  12nio: 
Fables,  1727-38,  2  vols.  4to ;  1733-38,  2  vols.  Svo;  with 
Notes  and  Life  of  the  Author  by  W.  Coxe,  1790,  12nio; 
new  ed.,  with  memoir  by  0.  F.  Owen,  Lon.,  1854,  12mo. 
They  have  been  trans,  into  Latin,  Italian,  and  French;  a 
trans,  en  vers  Fran^ais,  par  le  Chevalier  de  Chateiain, 
was  pub.  by  Mr.  Whiltaker  in  London,  1853.  Z2mo.  For 
other  eds.  of  Gay's  Fables,  pieces  pub.  separately,  &c.,  see 
Bibl.  Brit.,  Lowndes's  Bibl.  Man.,  aud  authorities  sub- 
joined. 

"  As  a  poet  he  i;annot  be  rated  very  high.  He  was,  as  I  once 
heard  a  female  critic  remark,  '  of  a  lower  order.'  He  had  not  in 
any  degree  the  mens  divinior.  the  dignity  of  genius.  Sluch.  how- 
ever, must  be  allowed  to  the  author  of  a  new  species  of  composi- 
tion, though  it  be  not  of  the  blithest  kind.  We  owe  to  Gay  the 
Ballad  Opera;  a  mode  of  comedy  which  at  first  was  supposed  to 
delight  only  by  its  novelty,  but  has  now  by  the  experience  of 
half  a  century  been  so  well  accommodated  to  the  disposition  of  !t 
popular  audience,  that  it  is  likely  to  keep  long  possession  of  the 
stage." — Dr.  Joh7ison's  Li/e  of  Gay. 

But  Dr.  Wharton  condemns  the  Beggar's  Opera  as  the 
parent  of  "  that  most  monstrous  of  all  absurdities,  the 
Comic  Opera." 

*•  G.ny's  Fables  are  certainly  a  work  of  great  merit  both  as  to  the 
quantity  of  invention  implied,  and  as  to  the  elegance  and  facility 
of  the  execution.  They  aie,  however,  spun  out  too  long;  the  de- 
scriptions and  narrative  are  too  diffusive  and  desultory;  and  the 
moral  is  sometimes  without  point.  They  are  more  like  Tales  than 
Fables.  The  best  are.  perhaps.  The  Hare  with  many  Friends,  the 
Monkeys,  aud  the  Fox  at  the  Point  of  Death.    Uis  Pastorals  are 


GED 

pleasing  and  poetical.  But  liis  capital  worll  is  his  Be'Ear's  Ooera  " 
HazUWs  Led.  tm  Ihe  Eng.  I'utls. 

See  Biog.  Brit. ;  Swift's  AVorks  ;  Pope's  Works ;  Spence'a 
Anecdotes  ;  MiscLiel's  arising  from  Lis  Beggar's  Opera, 
Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  vol.  xliii. ;  Howitt's  Homes  and  Haunts 
of  eminent  Brit.  Poets;  Thackeray's  Humorists  of  the 
ISttl  century. 

Gay,  John,  Miniature  Pictures,  newly  adapted  to  the 
most  Fashionable  and  Public  Characters  of  both  se.\os,  now 
living,  17S0,  4to. 

Gay,  Joseph.  The  Confederates;  a  Farce,  Lon.,  1717, 
Svo.  We  have  already  noticed  this  play,  and  other  works, 
under  the  real  name  of  the  author,  Capt.  Johs  DtJHANT  de 
Brev.\l. 

Gay,  Nicholas.     Union  between  G.  E.  and  Ire.,  1799. 

Gay,  Will.     Eleven  Serms.,  Lon.,  1655,  Svo. 

Gayarre,  Charles  E.  Arthur,  b.  Jan.  3,  1S05,  at 
New  Orleans,  is  a  descendant  of  one  of  the  most  an- 
cient and  historical  families  of  the  State  of  Louisiana,  and 
has  held  many  high  posts  of  honour  in  his  native  Slate. 
1.  Historical  Essay  on  Louisian.a,  iu  French,  New  Orleans, 
1S30,  2  vols.  12mo.  2.  History  of  Louisiana,  in  French, 
1846.  2  vols.  Svo. 

•'  Tliis  work  begins  with  the  discovery  of  Louisiana,  and  comes 
down  to  1769,  when  the  Spaniards  took  final  possession  of  the 
colony.  It  gives  a  lull  and  authentic  account  of  the  Fn  lali  .li  inioa- 
tiun  in  Louisiana,  aud  contains  many  interesting  ilo-  iiineiits  winch 
are  thus  preserved  in  the  verniicular  language  ut  the  hist  settlers.'* 

3.  Romance  of  the  history  of  Louisiana,  New  York,  1S48, 

4.  Louisiana:  its  history  as  a  French  Colony,  1S51,  Svo. 

5.  Louisiana;  its  histoi-y  as  a  French  Colony;  2d  series, 
1852,  Svo.  G.  History  of  Louisiana,  (French  domination,) 
1854,  2  vols.  Svo.  7.  History  of  Louisiana,  (Spanish  do- 
mination,) lSo4,  Svo.  8.  School  for  Politics;  a  Dramatic 
Novel,  IS54.  9.  Influence  of  the  Mechanic  Arts  on  the 
Human  Race,  1854.  Mr.  Gayarre  has  also  pub.  several 
political  addresses,  &.<:. 

Gayler,  Charles,  b.  1820,  in  New  York.  At  an 
early  age  commenced  to  write  for  the  stage  while  editing 
a  newspaper  iu  Cincinnati;  aud,  returning  to  his  native 
city  in  1850,  has  since  been  there  connected  with  the 
newspaper  and  periodical  press.  Has  written  upwards  of 
forty  dramatic  pieces  of  various  kinds,  every  one  of  which 
has  been  successful  on  representation.  Among  those  which 
have  been  published  between  1846  and  '58  arc  The  Gold- 
Hunters,  a  Dr.ama;  the  operetta  of  The  Frightened  Fiend; 
Taking  the  Chances,  a  Comedy  ;  The  Love  of  a  Prince,  a 
Comedy;  The  Son  of  the  Night,  a  Urama;  Galieno  Fa^ 
liero,  a  Tragedy  ;  and  Isms,  a  Comedy. 

Gaylord,  Lewis,  and  Luther  'i'ucker.  American 
Husbandry  ;  being  a  series  of  Essays,  &c.  designed  for 
its  Improvement.  N.  Y'ork,  2  vols.  ISmo. 

Gayton,  Edmund,  or  De  Specioa  Villa,  1609- 
1666,  wrote  a  number  of  humorous  works,  1645-63,  of 
which  the  Festivious  Notes  upon  Don  Quixote,  1054,  &e., 
is  the  best  known.  Wood  tells  us  that,  when  turned  out 
of  employment,  he 

"Lived  in  London  in  a  sharking  condition,  and  wrote  trite 
things  merely  to  get  bread  to  sustain  him  and  bis  wife." — Alhen. 

0X071. 

Who  would  believe  such  presumption  possible?  Why 
did  not  Anthony  teach  "him  and  his  wife"  how  to  live 
without  "  bread"  ?  No  marvel  that  his  honest  indigna- 
tion was  aroused!  Some  of  Gayton's  works  now  bring 
high  prices.  See  Athen.  Oxon. ;  BiW.Brit. ;  Lowndes's 
Bibl.  Man. ;  Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  Ivii.  399. 

Geach,  Francis,  M.D.,  d.  1798,  of  Plymouth,  Eng- 
land, pub.  several  profess,  treatises,  1766-81.  See  Bibl. 
Brit. 

Geard,  John.  The  Beauties  of  Matt.  Henry,  with 
his  Life,  Character,  Labours  and  Death,  Lon.,  1797,  Svo. 

Geare,  Allen.  Ebenezer;  or,  preserv.  from  Ship- 
wreck.    See   Osborne's  Voyages,  ii.  787  :  1746. 

Geare,  llev.  E.  P.irents'  Complaint,  Lon.,  1848, 12nio. 

Gearing,  W'ni.     Serms.,  Lon.,  1660-73. 

Gedde,  John.     Works  on  Bees,  1675,  1721. 

Gedde,  Waller.     See  Gidde. 

Geddes,  Alexander,  1737-1802,  a  Roman  Catholic 
divine,  was  suspended  from  all  ecclesiastical  functions  after 
the  puljlication  of  vol.  i.  of  his  trans,  of  the  Bible  with 
Notes,  which  gave  great  otfence  to  Christians  generally. 

1.  The  Holy  Bible;  trans,  from  the  original,  with  Notes, 
Remarks,  Ac,  Lon.,  1792-97,  2  vols.  4to.  2.  Critical  Re- 
marks on  the  Hebrew  Scriptures,  ISOO,  4to.  3.  New  Trans, 
of  the  Psalms,  with  Notes,  &a.,  1807,  Svo. 

Geddes  did  not  complete  his  design.  The  books  trans, 
are  those  from  Genesis  to  Chronicles,  and  the  Book  of  Ruth, 

"Geddes's  version  is  admitted  to  coul^iio  mauy  hapjiy  render- 
ings, many  just  emendations  of  the  text,  and  many  profound  and 

657 


GED 


GEL 


ingeniouR  observationa  on  its  sense,  and  to  discoTer  a  profound 
knowledge  in  the  Hebrew  lanRUage.  But  the  propriety  of  the 
greater  part,  both  of  his  emendations  and  interpretations,  has  been 
questioned." — Charles  Butler. 

"  Dr.  Geddes  applied  the  whole  weii^ht  of  his  learning  and  talents 
to  an  artful  attack  upon  the  Divine  authority  of  the  Scripture?. 
Through  the  medium  of  a  new  translation  he  strives  to  shew  that 
these  Scriptures  are  entitled  to  no  other  respecter  veneration  than 
what  is  due  to  them  as  curious  remaius  of  antiquity." — BUhop 
Van  MilderVs  Boyle  Lectures. 

*'The  volume  of  Remarks  only  comprehends  the  Pentateuch. 
It  is  in  these  remarks  that  the  sentiments  of  the  translator  are 
most  offensively  stated.  All  the  freedom  of  the  modern  conti- 
Qental  critics  is  used  with  the  sacred  writings,  without  the  veil 
of  a  foreign  language  interposed,  to  conceal  its  unsightliness." — 
Orme's  Bill.  Bib. 

Dr.  Boothroyd,  in  his  tran."?.,  has  availed  himself  of  the 
labours  of  Gerldes,  but  has  not  been  misled  by  his  errors. 
A  review  of  Geddes's  trans.,  attributed  to  Bishop  Horsley, 
appeared  in  the  British  Critic,  vols,  iv.,  xiv..  .xix.,  and  x.x. 
In  Dr.  John  M.ason  (Jood's  Life  of  Geddes,  1.S04,  8vo,  will 
be  found  some  valuable  criticisms  on  his  writings.  Ani- 
madversions on  Geddes's  trans,  were  reprinted  in  1803, 
8vo,  from  the  British  Critic  for  1802. 

Geddes's  trans,  of  the  Psalms  noticed  above,  a  posthu- 
mous publication,  edited  by  Dr.  Disney  and  Charles  Butler, 
extends  only  to  the  11th  verse  of  Psalm  cxviii. ;  the  rest  is 
added  from  an  interleaved  copy  of  Bishop  Wil.son's  Bible 
corrected  by  Dr.  G. 

"Though  many  things  have  displeased  ns  in  the  perusal  of  this 
work,  we  are  not  prepared  to  say  that  the  learned  editors  should 
have  altogether  uithlirld  this  new  version  from  the  public.  Dr. 
Geddes  \ras  uoilMul.t.dly  a  considerable  scholar,  and  his  lucubra- 
tions may  be  turned  by  other  scholars  to  good  account,  though 
they  cannot  be  implicitly  adopted."— /in"(i,s7i  Critic,  O.  .S,  xxiii.  368. 

Dr.  G.  also  pub.  trans,  from  Homer,  Horace,  Ac.,  Letters, 
Serms.,  ic,  for  an  account  of  which  see  Bibl.  Brit,  and 
Good's  Life  of  Geddes. 

Geddes,  James,  1710-1749.  a  Scotch  advocate.  An 
Essay  on  the  Composition  and  Manner  of  Writing  of  the 
Ancients,  particularly  Plato,  Glasg.,  1748,  8vo.  Highly 
commended. 

Geddes,  Michael,  D.D.,  d.  1715,  a  native  of  Scot- 
land, Chancellor  of  the  Ch.  of  Sarum.  1.  Hist,  of  the  Ch. 
of  Malabar,  from  the  Portuguese,  Lon.,  1694,  8vo.  2.  Hist, 
of  the  Ch.  of  Ethiopia,  &c.,  1096,  8vo.  X  The  Council  of 
Trent  no  Free  Assembly,  Ac,  1697,  1714,  Svo.  4.  Miseell. 
Tracts,  1702,  '06,  '06,  3  vols.  Svo.  Reprinted,  3  vols.  Svo^ 
1714,  '30.  5.  Tracts  against  Popery,  1715,  8vo.  Robert 
Southey  greatly  admired  Geddes,  and  frequently  quotes  his 
works. 

Geddes,  Wm.  Saints  Recreation,  3d  part:  upon  the 
State  of  Grace.  Edin.,  16.S3,  4to.     All  pub. 

Geddes,  Wm.,  M.D.,  late  surgeon  of  the  Madras  Eu- 
ropean Regiment.  Clinical  Illustrations  of  the  Diseases 
of  India,  Lon.,  1846,  Svo. 

_"  A  more  elaborate  display  of  medical  statistics  has  rarely  been 
given  to  the  public.  ...  Asa  vast  amount  of  facts,  the  book  is 
really,  we  believe,  unrivalled." — Loii.  Spectntor. 

Gee,  Alex.     Ground  of  Christianitie,  1594? 

Gee,  Edward,  D.D.  Serms.,  Ac,  1620,  '53,  '58. 
Steps  of  Ascension  to  God ;  or,  a  Ladder  to  Heaven. 

"Printed  at  least  27  times,  mostly  in  a  manual,  or  in  a  vol.  called 
twenty-fours;  the  "JTth  edit,  came  out  in  1C77." — At/ten.  Oxoti. 

Gee,  Edward,  Rector  of  St.  Benedict,  London.  Trea- 
tises  against  the  Jesuits,  &c.,  Lon.,  1687-92. 

Gee,  J.     Impositions  on  Parliament,  1765,  Svo. 

Gee,  John,  d.  1639,  a  clergyman  of  the  Church  of 
England,  embraced  Roman  Catholic  opinions,  but  subse- 
quently renounced  them,  and  pub.  a  warning  to  Protest- 
ants, &.C.,  entitled  The  Foot  out  of  the  Snare ;  or.  Detection 
of  Practices  and  Impostures  of  Priests  and  Jesuits,  Lon., 
1624,  4to.  There  was  pub.  with  this,  A  Gentle  Excuse  to 
Mr.  Gregg,  Ac,  and  the  two  were 

"  Printed  four  times  in  the  .said  vear.  Ifi24.  because  all  the  copies 
ormostof  them,  were  bought  up  by  R.  Catholics."— ytWicii.  Ox.m,  '/.i'. 

Geo  tilso  pub.  a  Serm.,  1624,  4to,  and  New  Shreds,  Ac, 
1624,  4to. 

Gee,  Joshua,  minister  in  Boston,  d.  1748,  aged  50 
Serms.,  Lett,  to  N.  Eells,  Ac,  1728-43. 

Gee,  Joshua.  The  Trade  and  Navigation  of  G. 
Britain  Considered,  Lon.,  1729,  '30,  8vo:  Glasg.,  1735  '60 
Svo;   1767,  12mo. 

'■  The  account  given  in  it  of  the  state  of  our  trade  is,  for  the  most 
part,  as  deceptive  as  the  means  suggested  for  its  improvement  are 
illiberal  and  inefBcient."— .JfcCii/teA's  Lit.  of  Polit.  Ji-on..  q.  r. 

Geere,  John.     Answer  to  Godwin,  Lon.,  1649,  4to. 

Getl'e,  Nicholas.     Silk-Worms.  Lon.,  1607,  4to. 

Geikie,  Archibald.  The  Story  ofa  Boulder,  Lon.,185R. 
"  lie  h.os  put  forth  known  facts  in  a  pleasing  manner  for  the 
beginner."— Lon.  Atlini.,  1S&8,  Pt.  2,  237. 

Geldart,  T.  C.  Scotch  Judicature  Bill,  Lon.,  1825,  Svo. 

658  .  )  1       v 


Geldart,  Mrs.  Thomas,  has  pub.  Stories  of  England 
and  Ireland,  and  other  juvenile  works,  1849,  Ac. 

"  She  writes  as  one  who  understjinds  and  loves  children.  Her 
style  is  interesting;  her  moral  is  always  sound.' — Notice  of  Stories 
o/  Knriland,  in  the  Lon.  Eclectic  I^evuw, 

■  Gell,  John.  Causes  of  Insolvency  in  Retail  Business, 
Ac,  Lon.,  1796,  Svo. 

Gell,  Philip.     Idiom  of  the  Hebrew,  Lon.,  1821,  Svo. 

Gell,  Robert,  D.D.,  of  London,  d.  1665.  1.  Serm., 
Lon.,  1650,  4to.  2.  Serm.,  1655,  4to.  3.  Essays  towards 
the  Amendment  of  the  Eng.  Trans,  of  the  Bible,  1659,  fob 
4.  Remains  or  Select  Scrip,  of  the  N.  Test.,  1 676,  2  vols.  fol. 

"These  are  very  curious  books,  consisting  of  a  number  of  dis- 
courses on  particular  passages,  full  of  allegorical  and  cabalistical 
illustrations,  along  with  some  ingenious  and  solid  criticisms.  Dr 
Gell  was  an  Arminian.  and  is  spoken  of  by  Mr.  Baxter  as  one  of 
the  sect-makers  of  the  time." — Orme's  Bibl.  Bib. 

The  Remains  are  commended  Ijy  John  Wesley.  Charles 
Wesley  took  hints  for  some  hymns  from  Gell's  Notes. 

Gell,  Sir  William,  1777-1836,  an  eminent  classical 
antiquary,  educated  at,  and  Fellow  of,  Emanuel  Coll., 
Camb.,  was  knighted  in  1803;  subsequently,  to  1820,  he 
resided  altogether  at  Rome  or  Naples.  1.  Topography  of 
Troy  and  its  Vicinity,  Lon.,  1804,  fol. 

"  t4ell's  Topography  of  Troy  and  Ithaca  cannot  fail  to  ensure  the 
approbation  of  every  man  possessed  of  classical  taste,  as  well  for 
the  information  Mr.  (Jell  conveys  to  the  mind  of  the  reader  as  for 
the  aljility  and  research  therespective  works  display  ."—Lord  BvRON. 

Reviewed  in  the  Edin.  Rev.,  and  Lon.  Quar.  Rev.  2.  Geo- 
graphy and  Antiq.  of  Ithaca,  1807,  4to. 

"  His  Geography  of  Ithaca  comprehends  a  full  survey  of  the  far- 
famed  island  which  the  hereof  the  Ddyssey  has  immortalized;  for 
we  really  are  inclined  to  think  that  the  author  has  established  the 
identity  of  the  modern  The;iki  with  the  Ithaca  of  Homer." — Lord 

BVRON. 

3.  Itinerary  of  Greece,  1810,  r.  4to.  4.  Itinerary  of  the 
Morea,  1817,  Svo.  5.  Attica,  1817,  fol.  6.  Tour  in  the 
Morea,  1823,  Svo.  7.  Topography  of  Rome  and  its  Vi- 
cinity, 1834,  3  vols.  Svo  and  r.  Svo;  including  the  Map. 
1840,  2  vols.  Svo;  with  the  Map.  New  ed.,  by  E.  H.  Bun- 
bury,  1846,  Svo.  This  excellent  work  should  accompany 
Gibbon's  Decline  and  Fall.  To  .say  nothing  of  the  fatigue 
and  trouble  involved  in  this  undertaking,  the  expense  of 
surveys  and  measurement  alone  was  upwards  of  £600. 

"These  volumes  are  so  replete  with  what  is  valuable,  that  were 
we  to  employ  our  entire  journal,  we  could,  after  all,  afford  but  a 
meagre  indicarion  of  their  interest  and  worth." — Loji.  Lit.  Giisetle. 

8.  By  Sir  Wm.  Gell  and  J.  P.  Gandy,  Pompeiana;  or, 
descrip.  of  the  Topog.,  Edifices,  and  Ornaments  of  Pom- 
peii, 1817-19,  2  vols,  in  1,  imp.  Svo  and  imp.  4lo;  1824,  2 
vols.  r.  Svo;  1S62,  2  vols.  r.  Svo.  Second  series,  1830,  2 
vols.  r.  Svo,  imp.  Svo,  and  4to.  The  value  of  these  works, 
which  give  the  result  of  the  excavations  since  the  com- 
mencement in  1748,  need  not  be  enlarged  on.  By  their 
aid,  he  who  stays  in  his  library  will  have  a  better  idea  of 
Pompeii  than  he  who  visits  the  entombed  city  without 
them.  Sir  Wm.  Gell  also  contributed  to  the  letter-press  of 
the  illustrations  of  the  Antiquities  of  lona,  pub.  by  the 
Society  of  DiletLanti,  (of  which  he  was  a  member,)  1797- 
1840,  3  vols.  imp.  fob,  pub.  at  £21.  In  this  work  will  be 
found  the  illustrations  of  the  ruins  of  those  buildings  which 
were  distinguished  by  Vitruvius  and  other  ancient  writers 
for  their  elegance  and  magnificence;  such  as  the  Temple 
of  Bacchus,  at  Teos,  the  country  of  Anacreon  ;  tlie  Temple 
dedicated  to  Minerva.  atPriene,  by  Alexander  of  Macedon; 
and  the  Temple  of  Apollo  Didymajus,  near  Miletus. 

"Gell's  notions  of  authorship  were  ofa  very  aristocratic  nature. 
All  his  works  were  brought  out  on  so  large  and  extensive  a  scale 
as  to  be  out  of  the  reach  of  that  class  of  readers  foi-  whom  his  topo- 
graphical and  antiquarian  researches  would  have  been  especi.ally 
useful — for  travellers  in  those  countries  whose  remains  wei-e  de- 
scribed by  him."— />r.  Miidilrn's  Li/ro/tlie  ihunlessof  Blemnglm, 
where  will  he  found  some  interesting  notices  of  Gell.  Also  see 
Willis's  Pencillings  by  the  Way;  Byron's  Hours  of  Idleness  and 
Notes;  and  an  obituary  notice  of  Sir  Wm.  in  the  Lon. Gent.  Ma"., 
June.  Vi'id.  iXb,  BtlO.  ° 

Gellibrand,  Henry,  1597-1636,  a  native  of  London, 
educated  at  Trin.  Coll.,  Oxf,  became  curate  of  Chidding- 
stone,  Kent;  Prof  of  Astronomy  at  Gresham  Coll.,  1627. 
He  pub.  An  Appendix  concerning  Longitude,  1633,  An 
Institution  Trigonometrical,  1634,  '52,  a  Discour.se  Ma- 
thematical, 1635,  An  Epitome  of  Navigation,  1674,  '98, 
and  a  Latin  Oration  in  praise  of  the  Astronomy  of  Gas- 
sendus;  but  is  best  known  as  a  writer  by  his  completion 
of  Henry  Briggs's  Trigonometria;  Britannicse,  of  which  we 
have  already  treated  in  the  proper  place.  See  Athen. 
Oxon. ;  Biog.  Brit. ;  Ward's  Gresham  Professors;  Martin's 
Biog.  Philosophica. 

Gellibrand,  Joseph.     Poem,  Lon.,  1783,  4to. 

Gellius,  John.  1.  Apologia,  Ac,  Rupella;,  1605,  Svo. 
2.  Epith.  in  Nuplias  Fred.  V.,  Heidelb.,  1613,  4to.  3.  Ao- 
clamatio  ad  Jaeubum  I.,  Edin.,  1617,  4to. 


G^EIi 


GER 


Gellman,  James,     Bite  of  Rabid  Animals,  1S12. 
Gem,  Richard.     The  Stone.  Lon..  1741. 
Gemmil,  John.     Con.  to  Ed.  Med.  Ess.,  1736. 
Geiiest,   P.      Account  of  tbe  English    Stnge,  1660- 
1830,  Bath,   1832,  10   vols.   8vo.     This  work  commences 
where  Collier's  ends.     Mr.  G.  is  said  to  have  spent  his 
whule  life   in   collecting  materials  for  this  history.     He 
might  have  made  a  much  hetter  use  of  his  time.     Since 
writing  the  above,  we  meet  with  the  following : 

••  A  more  rt-uiarkablc'  instance  of  waste  of  time  and  paper  we 
never  remember." — L&il.  AihcttCEum^  Oct.  19,  1833.  See  this  caustii; 
review. 

Geneste,  M.  The  Parallel  Histories  of  Judah  and 
Israel,  Lon.,  1843,  2  vols.  8vo. 

"  Useful  in  pointing  out  tbe  times  when  the  Prophets  lived." — 
BickeriifeWs  Chris.  SCu. 

Genevais,  J.  A,     Navigation,  Lon.,  1769,  Svo. 
Gengembre,  P.  W..  Prnf.  of  Foreign  Languages  in 
Girard  Cull.,  Phila..  and  J,  H.  Browu.      Elements  of 
English    Grammar,     Phila.,    1855,    12mo.       Highly    com- 
mended by  Pres^ident  W.  U.  Allen  of  Uirard  College,  and 
by  many  teachers  of  the  public  schools  of  Phila. 
Genings,  J,     Life  of  E.  Genings,  1614,  4to. 
Gent.     Vindic.  of  Europe  and  G.  Brit.,  1S03. 
Gent,  Thomas,  1691-1778,  a  printer  and  antiquary 
of  York.      1.  Hist,  of  York,  Lon.,  1703,  Svo.      2.  Hist,  of 
Rippon,  &c.,  York,  1733,  Svo.     3.  Hist,  of  Kingston-upon- 
Hull,  1735,  Svo.     4.  Hist,  of  Eng.  and  Rome,  1741,  2  vols. 
12mo.     5.  Hist,  of  the  great  Eastern  Window  of  St.  Peter's 
Cathedral,   1762,   Svo.      6.  Life   of  St.  Robert   of  Knares- 
borough,  Ac,  12mo.     7.  Job,  a  Poem.     8.  Autobiography, 
1S32,  Svo.     Other  works. 

"  His  autobiography  is  .ts  characteristic  as  John  Bunton's,  and, 
like  it.  contains  much  information  relating  to  the  statt*of  the  prt-ss 
in  his  days,  and  the  trade  of  literature." — Soidhey'.'i  Doctor,  q.  v. 
Gent,  Thomas.     Poetic  Sketches,  1806,  ^07,  '11. 
Gentil.     Solitary  or  Carthusian  Gardener;  being  Dia- 
logues between  a  Gentleman  and  Gardener,  1706,  Svo. 

GentiHs,  Albcricus,  LL.D.,  1550-1611,  an  Italian 
lawyer,  was  in  1587  appointed  by  Queen  Elizabeth  Prof, 
of  Civil  Law  at  0.\,furd,  where  he  lectured  fur  twenty-four 
years.  He  pub.  De  Jure  Belli,  and  some  other  works  in 
Latin.     See  Athen.  Oxou. 

Gentilis,  Robert,  1590-1654,  son  of  the  preceding, 
trans.  Servita's  Hist,  of  the  Inquisition,  and  some  other 
works,  into  English.    See  Athen.  Oxon. 

Gentleman,  Francis,  1728-1784,  a  soldier,  actor, 
and  author.  1.  Characters;  an  Epistle,  Lon.,  1766,  4to. 
2.  Royal  Fables,  1766,  Svo. 

"Poetical  productions  of  very  considerable  merit." 
3.  Dramatic  Censor,  1770,  2  vols.  Svo.      4.  Ed.  of  Shak- 
speare's  Plays,  pub.  by  Bell,  1774—75. 

'■The  worst  edition  that  ever  appeared  of  any  English  author." 
— Biog.  Dramat. 

This  is  saying  a  great  deal. 

Gentleman,  Robert.  1.  Scholar's  Companion,  1788, 
12mo.     2.  Addresses  to  Youth,  Lon..  1792,  ]2mo. 

Gentleman,  Tobias.  1.  The  Best  Way  to  make 
England  the  most  Wealthy  Kingdom  of  Europe,  by  ad- 
vancing the  Fishing  Trade,  Lon.,  ful.  2.  England's  Way 
to  Win  Wealth  and  to  employ  Ships  and  Mariners, 1614, 4to. 
Geotfrey  de  Vinsauf,  ?e»7).  Richard  I.,  is  supposed 
by  some  to  have  written  several  works,  but  we  can  only 
attribute  to  him  with  certainty  a  metrical  Latin  treatise 
on  the  art  of  poetry,  which  bears  the  name  of  Nova  Poe- 
taria.  For  edits.,  and  an  account  and  specimens  of  this 
treatise,  see  Wright's  Biog.  Brit.  Lit.  There  are  many 
MSS.  of  it  extant. 

"  It  is,  however,  a  heavy,  tiresome  poem,  and  is  only  interesting 
as  being  the  key  to  the  general  style  of  the  Latin  poetical  wiiters 
of  the  thirteenth  century  which  was  formed  on  the  rules  given  in 
this  work." — ITbi  siipi-a. 

Geoffrey  Gaimar,  a  distinguished  trouverc  of  the 
reign  of  Stephen,  was  the  first  who  pub.  an  Anglo-Norman 
version  of  the  History  of  the  British  Kings  by  Geoffrey 
of  Monmouth.  See  the  Ancient  romance  of  Havelok  the 
Dane,  &c.,  with  an  Introduc,  &o.,  by  Fred.  Madden,  Esq.: 
printed  for  the  Roxburghe  Club,  Lon.,  1828,  4to;  the  por- 
tion of  Gaimar  which  relates  to  the  story  of  Havelok ; 
Chroniques  Anglo-Normandie,  Rouen,  1835,  Svo  ;  CoUec. 
of  Historians,  ed.  by  order  of  the  Record  Commission, 
vol.  i.  pp.  764-829;  the  portion  of  the  history  previous  to 
the  Conquest,  with  the  concluding  lines  of  tbe  poem,  in 
which  the  author  speaks  of  himself  and  his  undertaking; 
Wright's  Biog.  Brit.  Lit. 

Geoffrey,  or  Stephen,  Dean  of  Llandaff,  flourished 
1120,  wrote  a  Life  of  the  Welsh  saint  Telivaus  or  Teilo, 
and  is  said  to  have  composed  the  Register  of  the  Church 
of  Llandaff,  pub.  by  the  Rev.  W.  J,  Rees,  for  the  Welsh 


MSS.   Society.   Llandovery,  1840,   Svo.      See  Wharton's 
Angl.  S:ic.,  ii.  663,  Lon..  1691,  fol. 

Geoffrey  of  Monmouth,  d.  1154,  Archdeacon  of 
Monmouth,  was  made  Bishop  of  St.  Asaph  in  1152,  but 
afterwards  returned  to  the  monastery  of  Abingdon,  where 
he  was  abbot.  He  wrote  a  Latin  version  of  the  prophecies, 
Ac.  of  Merlin,  Chronicon  sive  Historia  Britunum,  (written 
about  113S?} ;  and  some  other  works  are  ascribed  to  him. 
His  History  became  very  popular,  and  there  are  few  works 
of  which  so  many  MSS.  are  extant.  Edits,  in  Latin,  Paris, 
1508,  4to;  1517,  4to ;  Heidelb.,  1587,  fob,  (in  Kerum  Bri- 
tan.,)  &c.  For  a  particular  account  of  edits,  of  this  work 
and  its  author,  we  refer  to  Thompson's  Pref.  to  his  tran^.j 
Bale,  Pits,  and  Tanner;  Bp.  Nicolson's  Eng,  Hist.  Lib.; 
Warton's  Hist,  of  Eng.  Poetry  ;  Wright's  Biog.  Brit.  Lit. 
Aaron  Thompson's  trans,  into  English  was  pub.  Lou., 
1718,  Svo.     New  ed.,  by  J.  A.  Giles,  LL.D.,  1S42,  Svo. 

"  It  is  imposMble  to  consider  Geoffrey  of  Monmouth's  History 
of  tbe  British  Kings  in  any  other  ii;;ht  than  as  a  tisi^ue  of  titt>les. 
Its  author  was  either  deceived  by  his  materials,  or  he  wished  to 
deceive  his  readers/' — Biog.  Brit.  Lit. 

Both  Shakspeare  and  Milton  have  drawn  from  old 
Geoffrey's  Chronicle.  Of  the  Life  and  Prophecies  of  Mer- 
lin, forty-two  copies  were  printed  for  the  Roxburghe  Club 
in  1S.30,  4to. 

Geotthegan,  Edwartl.     Med.  treatises,  1801-10. 

Georgje,  Anita,  Mrs.,  a  native  of  Cuba,  who  catne 
to  the  U.  Suites  in  1S48,  and  whilst  in  Boston  completed 
Memoirs  of  the  Queens  of  Spain,  with  Notes  by  Miss 
Pardoe,  Lon.,  1850,  2  vols.  Svo.  Severely  condemned  in 
the  London  Athenteum,  1850,  91S-19,  1375-76. 

'■It  is  unfortunate,  however,  for  the  present  writer  that  this 
portion  of  Spanish  history  should  have  been  .so  ably  and  so  com- 
pletely gone  over  by  an  historian  of  such  high  standinj?  as  Mr. 
Prescott — and  we  can  easily  believe  the  hesitation  and  anxiety 
which  the  writer  modestly  tells  us  she  felt  in  entering  on  this 
part  of  her  task.  .  .  .  We  regret  that  Mrs.  George  should  so  re- 
peatedly throw  out  insinuations  as  to  the  integrity  of  Isabella's 
motives,  both  in  her  war  against  the  Moor,  and  in  the  severer 
measures  adopted  by  her  against  the  Jews.  Mr.  Prescott,  who 
cert'iinly  has  had  access  to  every  document  which  could  throw 
light  on  her  character,  expressly  maintains  '  the  unsuspected  in- 
tegrity of  her  motives.'  " — Wn  supra. 

George,  John.     1.  Offence  of  Libel.  Lon.,  1812,  Svo. 
"  Too  much  praise  cannot  be  given  to  him  for  the  liberality  of 
the  principles  which  pervade  it." — Etiiii.  Jiev.,  Oct.  1813. 

2.  Law  rel.  to  Joint  Stock  Companies,  2d  ed.,  1825,  Svo. 
3.  Cause  of  Dry  Rot  Discovered,  Svo. 

"One  of  the  most  valuable  of  modern  improvements." — Lon. 
Giirdener's  M\ig..  April.  IS'J't. 

George,  \Vm.,  D.D.     Serms.,  1732,  '49. 

Georgeson,  Sir  P.  Defence  of  Pari.  In  Latin.  Trans. 
by  S.  Rand,  Lon..  1692,  4to. 

Gerahty,  James.     Letter  to  Lord  Cottenham,  1845. 

Gcrality,  James.     See  (tkrathy. 

Gerard,  Alexander,  D.D.,  1728-1795,  a  divine  of 
the  Ch.  of  Scotland;  Prof,  of  Philos.  in  Marischal  Coll., 
Aberdeen,  1750;  of  Divinity,  1760;  of  Divinity  in  King's 
Coll.,  Aberdeen,  1771.  1.  Essay  on  Taste,  Lon.,  1759,  Svo ; 
Edin.,  1764,  12mo;  17S0,  Svo.  2.  Serms.,  1759-61.  3. 
Dissertations,  1766,  '67,  Svo.  4.  Essay  on  CJenius,  1767, 
'74,  Svo.  5.  Serms.,  1776-78.  6.  19  Serms.,  Lon.,  17S0- 
82,  2  vols.  Svo. 

'•  Ilis  Sermons  were  simple  and  plain,  adapted  to  the  common 
class  of  hearers,  but  so  accurate  as  to  secure  the  approbation  of 
the  ablest  judges."— Chalmers. 

7.  Pastoral  Care,  ed.  by  Gilbert  Gerard,  1799,  Svo. 

"In  this  highly  meritorious  work  the  able  author  has  reudered 
that  service  to  the  Church  of  Scotland  which  our  own  had  pre- 
viously derived  from  that  of  Bp.  Burnet." — Lowndes's  Bi-it.  Lib. 

8.  Evidences  of  Natural  and  Revealed  Religion,  by 
Alex.  Gerard,  D.D.,  and  Gilbert  Gerard,  D.D.,  1828,  Svo. 
See  Encyc.  Brit. 

Gerard,  Capt,  Alexander.  1.  Account  of  Koona- 
wur  in  the  Himalaya,  ed.  by  G.  Lloyd,  Lon.,  1841.  Svo. 

"  If  the  adventures  through  which  Captain  Gerard  passed  had 
been  in  the  hands  of  some  of  our  book-maker.s,  what  three-tomed 
ad-captandum  exploits  they  would  have  carved  out  of  them!  What 
penciilings  Willis  would  have  made  from  Captain  Gerard's  expe- 
riences!''— L'rii.  Atlas,  Nov.  13. 1841. 

2.  Capt.  A.  Gerard  and  Major  Sir  Wm.  Lloyd's  Tours  in 
the  Himalaya,  1846,  2  vols,  in  1,  Svo. 

"  Of  the  three  tours,  the  two  by  the  enterprising  brothers  Gerard 
Were  purely  scientific  in  their  oljects.  .  .  .  Major  Sir  W.  Lloyd's 
contribution  is  in  the  foi-m  of  a  journal ;  and  is  the  most  popular 
portion  of  the  work.'* — Lon.  Sprctat/rr. 

'*  A  more  valuable  and  engaging  work  we  would  strive  in  vain 
at  this  moment  to  name  among  the  recent  mass  of  new  books." — 
Li>n.  Mimtfili/  Bev. 

Gerard,  Gilbert,  D.D.,  d.  1815,  Prof,  of  Greek,  and 
subsequently  of  Divinity,  in  King's  Coll.,  Aberdeen,  was  a 
son  of  Dr.  Ale.xander  Gerard.  1.  Serm.,  Lon.,  1797,  Svo. 
2.  Institutes  of  Biblical  Criticism,  Lon.,  1806,  Svo;  Edin., 
1808,  Svo. 

659 


GER 


GIB 


"  Of  general  and  elemmtary  treatises  there  is  none  which  is  more 
to  be  recomuiended,  either  for  perspicuity  or  correctness,  than  the 
Institutes  of  Biblical  Criticism,  by  Dr.  Gerard." — Bishop  Marsh. 

"  No  one  can  deny  the  merit  of  accurate  learnini;  and  judicious 
arrangement  to  this  work;  but  it  certainly  is  one  of  the  driest  and 
most  uninteresting  books  ever  written  on  the  Bible.'' — Onus's 
BihI.  Bib. 

See  GERAnn.  Alexander,  D.D. 

Gerard,  Jame^,  M.D.  1.  Con.  to  Med.  Com.,  17S5. 
2.  Con.  to  Mem.  Me-l.,  1795. 

Gerard,  ur  Gerrard,  Wm.  The  Seaman's  Preceptor, 
1SII3.  8vo. 

Gerarde,  John,  1545-1607  ?  a  surgeon  and  herbalist 
1.  Catalogus  Arburium.  &c.,  Lon.,  159fi,  4to;  1599,  fol. 
Very  rare.  2.  The  Herbal;  or,  General  Hist,  of  Plant?, 
1597,  fol.  By  Dr.  Thomas  Johnson,  1633,  '36,  fol.;  1744, 
8vo. 

"  From  its  being  well  timed,  from  its  comprehending  almost  the 
whole  of  the  subjects  then  known,  by  being  written  in  English, 
and  ornamented  with  a  more  numerous  set  of  figures  than  hud 
ever  accompanied  any  work  of  the  kind  in  this  kingdom,  it  ob- 
tained great  repute.  "—PULTEiMEY. 

See  PAnKiNSON,  John. 

"  A  book  in  whi-h  the  botanical  student  will  find  much  amuse- 
ment, and  an  excellence  of  description  rare  even  in  modern  works." 
— Di'.  J.  Johnston's  Benmck  Flora. 

'•  It  is  not  now  esteemed  at  all  by  botanists,  at  least  in  the  first 
edHnn.'^—Hiitlam'a  Lit,  Hist,  of  Europe. 

See  Sir  James  Ethvard  Smith's  English  Flora.  He  often 
quotes  and  commends  it. 

Gerardot,  Rev.  J.     French  Grammar,  Ac,  1S15. 

Gerat,Capt.  liarry.  Military  Discipline.  In  Irish, 
with  figures,  Brtixelles,  1634,  fol. 

Gerathy,  or  Gerahty,  James.  1.  State  of  Ireland, 
Lon.,  1799,  Svo.     2.  The  Union,  1799,  Svo. 

Gerbicr,  Sir  Balthazar,  1591-1667,  an  artist,  a  na- 
tive of  Antwerp,  emigrated  to  England,  where  he  resided 
at  the  time  of  his  death.  He  pub.  some  treatises  on  For- 
tifications, Building,  &c.,  1649-65.  See  Lowndes's  Bihl. 
Man.;  AValpole's  Anecdotes  of  Painting ;  Pilkingtou's  DicLj 
Lysons's  Environs. 

Gerbier,  Charles.  1.  Astrologo-Mnstrix,  Lon.,  1646, 
4to.     2.  The  Praise  of  Worthy  Women.  1651,  12nio. 

Gerbier,  George  D'Ouvilly.  The  False  Favourite 
disgraced,  Ac;  a  Trngi-Ci>m.,  Lon.,  1657,  12ino. 

Gere,  Wm.     Reformation  of  (he  Law.  1659,  4t.o. 

Geree,  John,  1*100-1649,  a  Puritan  divine,  minister 
of  St.  Alban's,  1645,  of  St.  Faith's,  London.  1649,  pub. 
Vindicite  Ecclesia^  Anglieanae,  1644,  4to,  some  serms.,  &c. 

Geree,  John.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1706,  4to. 

Geree,  Stephen,  brother  of  the  first-named  John, 
and  also  a  Puritan  divine,  pub.  a  Serm.,  Lun..  1639,  Svo, 
!iud  The  Doctrines  of  the  Antinomians  confuted;  an  an- 
swer tn  Dr.  Crisp,  Lon.,  1644,  4to. 

Gerhard,  Benjamin,  a  lawyer  of  Phila.  Williams 
(Joshua)  on  Personal  Pmperty.  Second  Amer.  from  the 
Eng.  ed.  of  1852.  CarefuUv  and  thoroughly  annotated,  by 
B.  G..  Phila.,  1854,  Svo.     See  Williams,  Joshua. 

Gerhard,  W.  \V.,  M.D.,  b.  1S09,  in  Philadeli)hia.  Lec- 
turer on  Clinical  Med.  in  the  Univ.  of  Penna.,  V>rother  of 
the  preceding.  1.  Clinical  Onide,  Phila.,  Svo.  2.  Lect.  on 
the  Diagnosis.  Pathology,  and  Treatment  of  the  Diseases 
of  the  Chest.  1S42,  Svo;  new  ed.,  1854,  Svo. 

"This  is  the  best  refutation  of  the  charges  which  are  constantly 
made  against  physical  exploration  in  medicine,  by  those  who  ap- 
pear to  imagine  that  science  can  never  advance  beyond  the  point 
at  which  they  ceased  to  learn." — Amer.  Jour,  of  Med.  Sci. 

Edited  Graves's  System  of  Clinical  Medicine,  with  Notes 
and  Additions,  Phila.,  Svo.  lie  has  also  contributed  many 
articles  to  the  Amer.  Jour.  Medical  Sciences,  Medical  Exa- 
miner, Ac. 

Gerlaud,  flourished  10S2,  the  earliest  known  writer  in 
England  in  mathematical  science  after  the  Norman  Con- 
quest, composed  a  treatise  on  the  Computus,  beginning  with 
11S2,  and  a  treatise  on  the  Abacus.  The  first  will  be  found 
in  the  British  Museum,  and  the  latter  in  the  Bibliotheque 
Royale  at  Paris  ;  both  in  MS. 

"The  author  appears  to  be  learned  in  his  subject,  and  avows 
that  his  desitrn  in  compiling  this  work  [on  the  Computus]  was  to 
correct  and  clear  up  the  ennrs  and  doutitsof  his  predecessors,  espe- 
cially of  Bede."— irr/f/Zj/'.s-  Bi>;/.  Brit.  Lit. 

Gerrald,  or  Gerald,  Joseph.  Political  tracts,  1793, 
94,  Svo. 

Gerrans,  B.  Travels  of  Rabbi  Benjamin  through 
Europe,  Asia,  and  Africa,  Lon.,  1783,  12mo.  These  travels 
were  performed  during  the  J 2th  century. 

Gerrard,  Miss,  d.  1807,  pub.  a  vol.  of  miscellanies  in 
prose  and  verse. 

Gerrard,  John.     Poems,  Lon.,  1770,  4to. 

Gerrard,  Rev.  John.  The  Roman  Sigallarium.Lon., 
1792,  4to.  In  English  and  Latin.  This  valuable  treatise, 
660 


a  great  assistance  to  those  engaged  in  the  study  of  Roman 
antiquities,  was  reprinted  in  Facciolati's  Lexicon. 

Gerrard,  Philip.  A  Godly  Invective,  Lon.,  1547, 
'59,  Svo.     He  advocates  "free  passage"  for  the  Bible. 

Gerry,  Elbridgje,  1744-1814,  a  native  of  Marblehead, 
Mass.,  Governor  of  Mass.,  1810,  Vice-Prest.  U.  States,  1813, 
pub.  some  political  papers.  See  James  T.  Austin's  Memoira 
of  his  Life,  Boston,  1828,  Svo; — reviewed  by  Edward  Eve- 
rett, in  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  xxviii.  37 j — Goodrich's  Lives; 
Amer.  Quar.  Rev.,  iii.  469. 

Gersaint,  E.  F.     Etchings  of  Rembrandt,  1752. 

Gervase,  a  monk  of  the  priory  of  Christ  Church,  Can- 
terbury, temp.  Richard  I.,  wrote  Tractatus  de  Combustione 
et  reparatione  Dorobornensia  ecclesiie,  (in  Eng.  ed.  by  A. 
J.  Dunkin,  Lon.,  1S45,  Svo;)  another  tract;  a  history  of 
the  Archbishops  of  Canterbury  ;  and  a  Chronicle  of  the 
reigns  of  Stephen.  Henry  II.,  and  Richard  I.  These  will 
be  found  in  Twysden's  Hist.  Anglican.  Seriptores  Decem, 
1652.  ful.;  c<dl.  1285-1684. 

■'Keported  to  have  been  a  most  judicious  antiquary,  and  me- 
thodical historian,  and  to  have  made  excellent  collections  of  th« 
British  and  English  story,  from  the  coming  in  of  the  Trojans  down 
to  the  year  1200." — Bishop  NicoUoiVr  Eng.  Hi^t.  Lib. 

'■  His  chronicle  of  the  reigns  of  Stephen.  Henry,  and  Richard,  is 
one  of  the  most  valuable  of  the  historical  memorials  of  the  twelfth 
century." — WrighCx  Bv-g.  Brit.  Lit. 

Gervase  of  Chichester,  flourished  1170,  is  best 
known  by  his  Commentary  on  the  prophecy  of  Malachi 
on  the  duties  of  the  Priesthood,  of  which  there  is  a  good 
MS.  in  the  British  Museum,  MS.  Reg.  iii.,  B.  s.  He  also 
wrote  a  book  of  Homilies,  and  some  other  theolog.  treatises. 
Gervase  of  Tilbury,  tetiij3.  Henry-  II.,  has  had  a 
number  of  works  ascribed  to  him,  but  an  eminent  authority 
(Thomas  AVright)  assures  us  that  the  Otia  Imperialia  is  the 
only  one  he  is  known  with  any  certainty  to  have  written. 
The  Otia  Imperialia  is  a  curious  compendium  of  history, 
geography,  natural  phenomena,  &c.  For  an  account  of 
this  work,  its  edits.,  and  other  works  ascribed  to  Gervase, 
see  Wright's  Biog.  Brit.  Lit.,  and  authorities  there  cited. 

Gervis,  Henry.     Con.  to  Med.  Chir.  Trans.,  ISll. 

Gery,  Robert,  of  Islington.     Serm.,  1706. 

Gery,  Thomas.     Divinity  of  the  Scriptures,  1657. 

Gesner,  Abraham,  M.D.,  a  distinguished  geologist, 
a  native  of  Cornwallis,  Nova  Scotia,  has  pub.  a  work  on 
the  Mineralogy  and  Geology  of  Nova  Scotia,  one  on  the 
Industrial  Resources  of  Nova  Scotia,  and  several  other 
treatises.  He  has  also  attained  considerable  reputation  as 
a  chemist,  and  among  the  results  of  his  investigations  is 
the  discovery  of  the  Keroseal  Gas. 

''The  -Mineralogy  and  Geology  of  Nova  Scotia  was  the  ^ide- 
book  of  Sir  Charles  Lyell  in  his  geological  suivey  of  Nova  Scutia, 
and  after  the  most  thorough  examination  was  pronounced  by  him 
to  be  exceedingly  correct." — Men  of  the  Time,  N.  I'oric,  ls52. 

Gest,  £dmund.  A  Treatise  againste  the  preue  Masse, 
in  the  behalfe  and  furtheraunce  of  the  mooste  holi'e  Com- 
munyon,  Lon.,  15  IS,  16uio. 

Gethin,  Lady  Grace,  1676-1697,  a  daughter  of  Sir 
George  Norton  of  Abbots-Leith,  Somersetsliire,  married 
Sir  Richard  Gethin  of  Gethin-grott,  in  Ireland.  After  her 
death  was  pub.  Reliquiae  Gethiiiiana;;  a  Collection  of  choice 
Discourses,  Pleasant  Apothegms,  and  Witty  Sentences, 
Lon.,  1699,  1700,  4to.  Very  rare.  See  Ballard's  Memoira 
of  British  Lailies. 

GethinfT,  Itichard,  a  famous  penman,  a  native  of 
Herefordshire,  settled  in  London  about  1616.  1.  A  Copy- 
book, ob.  4to.  2.  Chirographia,  1645,  '64.  3.  Calligrapho- 
technia,  1652,  fol. 

Getseus,  Daniel.  Ch.  of  England,  Ac,  Oxon,, 
1658,  Svo. 

Getz,  George.  Precedents  in  Conveyancing,  3d  ed., 
Phila.,  1S45.  Svo.     See  AVestern  Law  Jour.,  140. 

Geyer,  II.  S.     Statutes  of  Missouri,  St.  Louis,  1817. 

Ghyles,  Thomas.     Joint  Sickness  or  Gout.  1685. 

Gib,  Adam,  1713-17SS,  a  native  of  Perthshire,  was 
one  of  the  founders  of  the  Secession  Church  in  Scotland. 
See  EusKiNK,  Ebknezer,  and  authorities  there  referred 
to,  and  Stark's  Biographia  Scotica.  Gib  was  the  leader 
of  the  division  called  Antiburghers.  1.  Present  Truth;  a 
display  of  the  Secession  Testimony,  Edin.,  1774,  2  vols. 
8vo.     2.  Sacred  Contemplations,  Ac,  1786. 

Gibb,  John.  Serm.  on  Rom.  xiii.  6,  7,  Brist,  1721,  4to. 

Gibbens,  Nicholas.  Questions  and  Disputatious 
upon  the  lirst  fourteen  Chapters  of  Genesis,  Lon.,  1601,  4to. 

Gibbes,  Charles,  D.D.     31  Serms.,  Lon.,  1677,  4to. 

Gibbes,  George  Smith,  M.D.,  pub.  treatises  on 
Animal  Matters,  171*6 ;  Bath  Waters,  ISIlO, '03;  and  con. 
to  Phil.  Trans.,  1794,  and  to  Nicholson's  Jour..  1799. 

Gibbes,  Robert  Wilson,  M.D.,  b.  LSOy,  in  Charles- 
ton, S.C.  President  of  the  South  Carolina  Medical  AsDOcia- 


GIB 


GIB 


tion.  1.  Memoir  of  James  Dc  Vcaux,  the  Artist,  1S45.  2. 
Biographical  Sketch  of  Charles  Fraser,  the  Artist.  'S.  Do- 
cumentary Histipry  of  the  Ameriean  Revolution  ;  consisting 
of  Liittt.TS  and  Papers  relating  to  the  Contest  for  Liberty, 
chiefly  in  South  Carolina,  from  Originals  in  the  possession 
of  the  Editor,  and  other  Sources,  Columbia.  S.C.,  and  N.Y., 
lSo3,  &c.,  3  vols.  8vo:  vol.  i.,  1764-1 7 70;  vol.  ii.,  1776-1781; 
vol.  iii.,  1781-1782. 

'■  The  editor,  with  a  rare  spirit  of  patriotism,  lias  been  engaged 
for  tweuty-five  years  in  collecting  these  valuable  and  interesting 
papers,  in  the  hope  of  preserving  materiids  Ibr  American  history 
which  might  otherwise  have  been  lost.  The.--e  are  given  tbr  their 
intrinsic  value,  and  in  the  order  of  dates,  without  refrreuce  to  spe- 
cial events.  He  trusts  they  wiU  be  received,  as  they  are  offered,  as 
a  contribution  to  the  history  of  that  glorious  Revolulion  ot"  which 
every  memorial  is  dear  to  South  Carolina  and  her  sister  States." 

In  1842,  bo  pub.,  in  Amer.  Jour,  of  Med.  Sciences,  an  ar- 
ticle on  Pneumonia,  which  revolutionized  its  treatment,  by 
opposing  the  use  of  the  lancet.  It  has  been  incorporated 
in  Watson's  Practice  of  Medicine. 

Gibbiii^s,  Richard.  Roman  Forgeries,  &c.,  Lon., 
1842.  'i;!.  Svo. 

Gibbon.     Scrm.  on  Justification,  Ac.  1670. 
Gibbou,  Alex.     Past  and   Present  Delusions  in  the 
Polit.  Econ.  of  the  United  Kingdom,  Lon.,  1850,  8vo. 

Gibbon,  Charles,  pub.  The  Remedie  of  Reason, 
1589.  4to;  A  Work  worth  the  Reading,  &c.,  1590-1604, 
all  4  to. 

Gibbon,  Edward,  April  27,  1737— Jan.  16,  1794, 
one  of  the  mo^>t  eminent  of  modern  historians,  was  de- 
scended from  an  ancient  family  of  Kent.  His  grandfather, 
Edward  Gibbon,  was  one  of  the  Commissioners  of  Customs 
during  the  last  fVuir  years  of  Queen  Anne;  and  his  father, 
also  Edward  (xibbon,  sat  in  Parliament  in  1  734  for  Peters- 
field,  and  in  1741  for  Southampton.  The  subject  of  this 
notice,  born  at  Putney,  in  Surrey, — the  eldest  of  five  bro- 
thers and  a  sister,  all  of  whom  died  in  their  infancy, — was 
admitted  at  Westminster  school  in  1749,  and,  three  years 
later,  in  1752,  was  matriculated  as  a  gentleman-commoner 
of  Magdalen  College,  Oxford.  Not  having  received  that 
preparatory  training  which  could  alone  have  qualified  him 
for  deriving  much  advantage  from  his  collegiate  cour.'^e, 
we  need  not  marvel  that  the  fourteen  months  which  he 
spent  at  this  famous  seat  of  learning  were  '*  idle  and  un- 
profitable." He  tells  us.  indeed,  that  he  brought  to  Ox- 
ford "a  stock  of  erudition  that  might  have  puzzled  a 
doctor,  and  a  degree  of  ignorance  of  which  a  schoolboy 
would  have  been  ashamed;"  but  the  latter  statement  will 
be  accepted  with  more  readiness  than  the  former.  At  the 
early  age  of  sixteen  he  was  led,  by  the  perusal  of  the 
works  of  Bossuet  and  Parsons,  to  entertain  doubts  of  the 
soundness  of  the  principles  of  the  Reformation,  and  in 
1753  we  find  him  solemnly  abjuring  these  errors  at  the 
feet  of  a  Roman  Catholic  priest  in  London.  His  father, 
anxious  both  for  his  mental  improvement  and  spiritual 
benefit,  sent  him  to  Lausanne,  in  Switzerhind,  charging 
his  instructor,  the  Rev.  Mr.  Pavilliard,  a  Calvinist  minis- 
ter, to  persuade  him,  if  possible,  of  the  unsoundness  of 
the  tenets  which  he  had  so  lately  embraced.  Young  Gib- 
bon was  not  impregnoble,  and  on  Christmas  day,  1754, 
only  eighteen  months  aft«r  his  conversion  to  Romanism, 
after  "a  full  conviction,"  he  received  the  sacrament  in 
the  church  at  Lausanne. 

Having  now  none  of  the  temptations  to  gay  company 
which  had  robbed  him  of  many  of  his  college  hours,  he 
applied  himself  to  study  with  a  praiseworthy  anxiety  to 
store  his  mind  with  useful  knowledge,  and  speedily  ac- 
quired a  creditable  acquaintance  with  the  Greek, Latin,  and 
French  languages,  Jurisprudence,  and  Relles-Lettres.  His 
hours  of  application  were  relieved  by  the  society  of  a  young 
lady  of  great  beauty  and  many  accomplishments.  Made- 
moiselle Susan  Curchod,  to  whom  the  attentions  of  the 
English  student  were  not  disagreeable.  But  the  father  of 
the  object  of  his  affections  discouraging  a  m.atrimonial 
alliance,  the  young  people  bore  their  disappointment  in  a 
most  philosophical  manner.  Gibbon  tells  us  that  his 
wound  was  insensibly  healed  by  time,  and  that  the  lady 
was  not  unhappy:  he  returned  to  the  classics,  and  Mile. 
Curchod  became  the  wife  of  the  celeljrated  Mr.  Necker, 
and  the  mother  of  Mme.  de  Stael.  Rut  the  youthful  lover 
did  not  seek  consolation  in  the  marriage  state;  he  lived 
and  died  a  bachelor.  "  Since  the  failure  of  my  first  wishes," 
he  remarks,  when  over  fifty.  *'  I  have  never  entertained 
any  serious  thoughts  of  a  matrimonial  connection." 

In  1758  he  returned  to  England,  after  an  absence  of 
nearly  five  years,  and,  through  his  acquaintance  with  David 
Mallett,  gained  admittance  into  a  class  of  society  which 
enabled  him  to  display  his  own  acquirements,  and  gather 
that  general  knowledge  of  current  English   literature  in 


which  he  felt  himself  to  be  not  so  well  versed  as  in  more 
abstruse  researches.  Finding  that  Swift,  Addison,  Ro- 
bertson, and  Hume,  were  praised  for  various  graces  of 
style,  or  strength  and  perspicuity  of  diction,  he  read  them 
with  great  care,  and  ardently  longed  to  gain  some  measure 
of  that  distinction  which  had  rewarded  their  efforts  to  in- 
struct or  please  the  world. 

In  1761  Gibbon  confided  to  Dr.  Maty  the  secret  that  he 
had  in  a  matured  state  an  E.^^sai  sur  I'etude  de  la  Litt^ra- 
tnre.  composed  in  French,  and  requested  his  opinion  of  its 
merits.  His  counsellor  urged  its  publication,  and  when 
the  young  author  hesitated  to  trust  himself  into  the  hands 
of  critics,  his  father,  ever  anxious  for  his  advancement, 
insisted  upon  its  being  given  to  the  world.  Accordingly, 
it  made  its  appearance  in  176i,  in  a  12mo  vol.  The  foreign 
critics  commended  it,  but  at  home  it  was  scarcely  noticed, 
and  made  no  impression  at  all  upon  the  public  mind. 
Some  years  later  it  was  sought  for  with  avidity  : 

"ITiepublicatlonofroy  History,  fifteen  years  afterwards,  revived 
the  memory  of  my  first  production,  and  the  Essay  was  eagerly 
sought  for  in  the  .^hnps;  but  I  refused  the  permission  of  repiint- 
ini;  it.  and  when  a  copy  has  been  discovered  at  a  sale,  the  primi- 
tive  value  of  2s.  Gd.  has  risen  to  the  fanciful  price  of  20  or  30 
shillintTs." — Autnhingraphy. 

About  the  time  of  the  publication  of  this  Essay  he  was 
appointed  Captain  of  the  South  battalion  of  the  Hampshire 
militia,  and  for  two  years  and  a  half  endured  "a  wander- 
ing life  of  military  servitude."  He  discharged  his  duties 
with  zeal  and  fidelity,  but  was  not  sorry  to  return  to  the 
ease  of  civil  life,  upon  the  disbanding  of  his  regiment  on 
the  restoration  of  peace  in  17(t2-(i3.  At  a  later  period  he 
resumed  his  military  duties,  and  attained  the  rank  of 
lieutenant-colonel,  and  commandant  of  his  regiment.  In 
1763  he  again  visited  the  continent,  furnished  with  letters 
to  persons  of  distinction  in  France  from  Horace  Wuljiole, 
the  Duke  de  Nivernois,  Lady  Hervey,  and  David  Mallett. 
In  Paris  he  was  pleased  to  find  that  his  Essay  had  made 
his  name  familiar  to  the  leaders  of  fashion  and  letters,  and 
he  soon  mingled  on  easy  terms  with  D'AIembert,  Diderot, 
Helvetius.  Count  de  Caylus.  the  Abbe  de  Bleterie,  Bar- 
thelemy,  Raynal,  Arnaud,  and  others  of  more  or  less  note. 
Those  who  appear  surprised  at  the  deep-seated  infidelity 
and  easy  effrontery  iu  indecency  which  are  so  painfully 
manifest  in  the  Decline  and  Fall  of  the  Roman  Empire, 
lay  too  little  stress  on  the  fact  that  a  moral  ruin  in  the 
better  nature  of  the  author  had  preceded  the  political 
decadence  which  he  has  so  eloquently  described.  We  have 
here,  of  course,  no  reference  to  habits  of  life  or  the  eco- 
nomy of  social  duties.  We  go  further:  we  speak  of  the 
"heart,  out  of  which  are  the  issues  of  life,"  and  we  affirm 
that,  when  the  desire  of  the  approbation  and  fear  of  the 
judgments  of  God  have  been  banished,  then  the  glory  has 
departed  from  the  temple,  and  the  palace,  however  beauti- 
ful, can  claim  but  the  chilling  grandeur  of  the  tomb. 

In  May,  1763,  Gibbon  revisited  Lausanne,  where  he  had 
resided  for  nearly  a  year,  and  in  1764  we  find  him,  with 
all  that  devotion  which  he  had  once  cherished  for  Chris- 
tianity transferred  to  the  worship  of  classical  antiquity,  a 
pilgrim  at  the  gates  of  the  Eternal  City. 

He  had  long  anxiously  revolved  in  his  mind  many  pro- 
minent eras  in  the  history  of  the  world,  in  the  hope  of  ac- 
quiring by  their  happy  treatment  that  fame  which  Robert- 
son and  Hume  considered  as  an  ample  reward  for  their 
"  days  and  nights"  of  patient  research  and  wearisome  toil. 
The  mind  of  Gibbon  was  therefore  in  a  state  peculiarly 
alive  to  the  influence  of  strong  emotion,  and  this  visit  to 
Rome  decided  the  theme  which  should  carry  his  name  to 
posterity,  gathering  in  its  progress,  we  may  add,  the 
mingled  admiration  and  reproach  of  successive  generations 
to  the  end  of  time.  That  biographer  will  do  the  historian 
injustice  who  shall  relate  for  him  what  he  has  so  eloquently 
told  himself — the  inception  and  completion  of  the  Decline 
and  Fall  of  the  Roman  Empire. 

'•  It  was  at  Rome,"  he  tells  us,  "  on  the  15th  of  October,  1764.  as 
I  sat  musing  amidst  the  ruins  of  the  Capitol,  while  the  bare-footed 
friars  were  siujiinfi  vespers  in  the  temple  of  Jupiter,  that  the  idea 
of  writing!;  the  decline  and  fall  of  the  city  first  started  to  my  mind. 
But  my  orifiiual  plan  was  circumscribed  to  the  decay  of  the  city 
rather  than  of  the  empire:  and,  thout;h  my  readiotr  and  reflectiong 
be..:an  to  point  towards  that  object,  sume  years  elapsed,  and  sev&. 
ral  avocations  intervened,  before  I  was  seriously  engaged  in  the 
execution  of  that  laborious  work." — AutobiograpUy. 

In  1767,  Mr.  Deyverdun,  a  Swiss  gentleman,  then  in 
England,  to  whom  Gibbon  was  warmly  attached,  united 
with  him  in  the  publication  of  a  literary  Journal,  entitled 
Memoircs  Litterairesdela  Grande  Brt^tagne,  of  which  only 
two  vols,  appeared,  (1767-68.) 

"It  is  not  my  wish  to  deny  how  deeply  I  was  interested  in  theso 
Memniis.  of  which  I  need  nut  be  ashamed.  ...  I  will  presume  to 
say  that  then-  merit  was  superior  to  their  repuUttion ;  but  it  is 

661 


GIB 


GIB 


not  less  true  that  they  were  productions  of  more  reputation  than 
eninlument.." — Aufohiiigraphy. 

We  may  remark  that  the  version  of  part  of  Anstey's 
New  Bath  Guitle,  in  the  Memoirs,  has  been  dechired  equal 
to  the  celebrated  Towneley  Hudibras  :  the  Review  of  Wal- 
pole's  Historic  Doubts  was  written  by  David  Hume.  These 
two  (l2njo)  vols,  are  now  rare.  Hanrott's  copy  sold  for 
£6  16s.  6d.  Gibbon's  next  publication — an  anonymous  one, 
in  1770 — was  Critical  Observations  on  the  Sixth  Book  of  the 
^neid.  This  was  an  attack  upon  Bishop  Warburtou's 
celebrated  hypothesis  in  the  Divine  Lejjation  of  Muses, 
respecting  the  descent  of  ^neas  to  hell. 

''According  to  Ci.shnp  Warburton  the  descent  to  hell  is  not  a 
felsebutamimic  scene;  which  represt-nfs  the  initiation  of  JEneas. 
in  the  character  of  a  lawfriver.  tfl  the  Eleusinian  mysteries.  This 
hypothesis,  a  sinpiular  character  in  the  divine  location  of  Moses, 
had  been  admitted  by  many  as  true;  it  was  praistd  by  all  as  inge- 
nious, nor  had  it  been  exposed,  in  a  space  of  thirty  years,  to  a  fair 
and  critical  discussion.  ...  As  the  Bishop  of  Gloucester  and  his 
party  maintained  discreet  silence,  my  ciitical  disijuisition  was  soon 
lost  among  the  pamphlrts  of  the  day ;  but  the  public  coldness  was 
overbalanced  to  m>  frelin;^s  by  the  weighty  approbation  of  the  last 
and  best  editor  of 'Mr;:il.  I'rofi-ssor  Ileyne.  of  Gottingen ;  who  ac- 
quiesces in  my  confutation,  and  styles  the  unknown  author 'doc- 
tus  .  .  .  et  elegantissimus  Britannus.'  ...  In  the  fifteen  years 
between  my  Essay  on  the  Study  of  Literature  and  the  first  volume 
of  the  Decline  and  Fall.  (1761-1776.)  this  criticism  on  Warburton, 
and  some  articles  in  the  journal,  were  my  sole  publications." — 
Aut/^biography. 

From  the  year  1768,  Gibbon  devoted  himself  with  zealous 
industry  to  the  preparation  of  his  great  work,  "  the  labour 
of  six  quartos  and  twenty  years,"  and  in  1776  gave  the 
first  volume  to  the  world.  Its  success  was  immediate  and 
complete. 

'■•  1  am  at  a  loss  how  to  describe  the  success  of  the  work,  without 
betraying  the  vanity  of  the  writer.  The  first  impression  was  ex- 
hausted in  a  few  days;  a  second  and  third  edition  were  scarcely 
adequate  to  the  demand;  and  the  bookseller's  property  was  twice 
invaded  by  the  pirates  "^f  Dublin.  My  book  was  upon  every  table, 
and  almost  on  every  toilette;  the  histoiian  was  crowned  by  the 
taste  or  fashion  of  the  day." 

But  though  the  "  historian"  was  warmly  and  justly  com- 
mended, the  assailant  of  Christianity  did  not  escape  strong 
and  deserved  rebuko.  A  list  of  the  principal  strictures 
elicited  by  the  famous  15th  and  16th  chapters  will  be  found 
in  Chalmers's  Biog.  Diet.,  to  which  we  refer  the  reader. 
Some  of  these  works  we  have  already  had  occasion  to  no- 
tice, and  others  will  come  under  our  consideration  in  future 
portions  of  this  volume.  Among  those  pnrticulnrly  noticed 
by  Gibbon  in  his  Autobiography  are  those  of  Davis,  Wat- 
son, Apthorpe,  Taylor,  Priestley,  Dalrymple,  and  White. 
Bishop  Watson's  work — An  Apology  for  Christianity,  in  a 
Series  of  Letters  to  Edward  Gibbon — is  now  the  best-known 
of  these  vindications.  It  is  not  at  all  necessary  that  we 
should  enlarge  upon  a  theme  which  has  received  such  am- 
ple consideration  from  so  many  who  are  well  qualified  to 
judge  in  the  premises.  That  Gibbon  was  successful  in  de- 
ceiving even  himself  by  his  sophistry  we  do  not  at  all 
believe:  and  that  any  candid  inquirer  can  attach  much 
weight  to  objections  so  specious  it  is  still  more  difficult  to 
credit.  The  aversion  with  which  the  mind  of  the  historian 
contemplated  the  subject  of  Christianity  can  be  no  marvel 
when  we  remember  the  impenitent  remorse  which  must 
have  mingled  with  his  assumption  of  philosophical  skepti- 
cism. That  he  strove  to  be  an  infidel  we  have  ample  evi- 
dence ;  that  he  ever  rested  satisfied  in  the  exchange  which 
he  had  made  for  the  faith  of  his  early  days  we  cannot 
concede.  He  speaks  of  Christianity  as  we  may  imagine 
the  ingrate  to  speak  of  that  friend  whose  kindness  he  had 
rewarded  by  an  attempt  to  ruin  his  peace,  betray  his  con- 
fidence, and  blast  his  reputation.  To  use  the  admirable 
languiige  of  Mr.  Milraan, 

'■Christianity  alone  receives  no  embellishment  from  the  magic 
ofUibbous  language;  his  imagination  is  dead  to  its  moral  dignity; 
it  is  kept  down  by  a  general  tone  of  jealous  disparagement,  or  neu- 
tralised by  a  painfully  elaborate  exposition  of  its  darker  and  de- 
generate periods.  There  are  occasions,  indeed,  when  its  pure  and 
exalted  humanity,  when  its  manifestly  beneficial  infiuence,  can 
compel  even  him,  as  it  were,  to  fairness,  and  kindle  his  unguarded 
eloijuence  to  its  usual  fervour;  but  in  general  he  soon  relapses  into 
a  frigid  apathy;  affectsan  ostentatiously  severe  impartiality;  notes 
all  the  faults  of  Christians  in  every  age  with  hitter  and  almost 
malignant  sarcasm;  reluctantly,  and  with  exception  and  reserva- 
tion, admits  their  claim  to  admiration.  .  .  .  The  glories  of  Chris- 
tianity, iu  short,  touch  on  no  cord  in  the  heai-t  of  the  writer;  his 
imagination  remains  unkindled;  his  words,  though  they  maintj»in 
their  stately  and  measured  march,  have  become  cool,  argumenta- 
tive, and  inanimate."' 

In  1774  Mr.  Gibbon  entered  the  House  of  Commons,  in 
which  he  sat  for  eight  years  a  silent  supporter  of  Lord 
North's  administration.  His  claims  were  not  overlooked, 
and  a  seat  at  the  Board  of  Trade,  with  an  income  of  £700 
to  £800,  which  he  enjoyed  for  three  years,  was  an  agreeable 
addition  to  the  revenue  derived  from  his  paternal  acres. 


In  1781  appeared  the  2d  and  3d  vols,  of  the  Decline  and 
Fall.  Tlie  author  complains  of  "  the  coldness  and  even 
prejudice  of  tlie  town,"  but  we  are  assured  by  contempo- 
raneous authority  that  they  were  received  with  "eager- 
ness and  approbation."  In  September,  1783,  the  historian 
put  into  execution  a  plan  lung  cherished  and  ardently 
anticipated, — a  permanent  establishment  at  Lausanne. 

■■  Fnini  my  early  acquaintance  with  Lausanne.  I  had  always 
cheri^lied  a  secret  wish  that  the  school  of  my  youth  might  become 
the  retreat  of  my  declining  age.  A  moderate  fortune  would  secure 
the  blessings  of  ease,  leisure,  and  independence:  the  country,  the 
people,  the  manners,  the  language,  were  congenial  to  my  taste; 
and  I  miiiht  indulge  the  hope  of  passing  some  years  in  the  do- 
mestic society  of  a  friend.  After  travelling  with  several  English, 
Sir.  Deyverdun  was  now  settled  at  home,  iu  a  pleasant  habitation, 
the  gilt  of  his  deceased  aunt:  we  had  long  been  separated,  we  had 
long  been  silent;  yet  in  my  first  letter  I  exposed,  with  the  most 
perfect  confidence,  my  situation,  my  sentiments,  and  my  designs. 
His  immediate  answer  was  a  warm  and  joyful  acceptance  :  the 
picture  of  our  future  life  provoked  my  impatience;  and  the  terms 
of  arrangement  were  short  and  simple,  us  he  possessed  the  pi"0- 
perty,  and  I  undertook  the  expense  of  our  common  house." — 
Aulobi'igraphy. 

In  this  delightful  retreat,  the  charms  of  which  the 
recluse  has  drawn  with  so  exquisite  a  pencil,  tbeconcluding 
chapters  of  the  Decline  and  Fall  moved  rapidly  on  to 
completion,  and,  iu  1787,  vols,  iv.,  v.,  and  vi.,  were  ready 
for  the  press.  Bearing  in  remembrance  what  we  have 
remarked  in  a  preceding  page,  we  give  the  account  of  the 
author's  feelings  on  concluding  a  work  so  grand,  so  truly 
great,  in  his  own  language  : 

'■  It  w.as  on  the  day.  or  rather  night,  of  the  27th  of  .Tune,  1787, 
between  the  hours  of  eleven  and  twelve.th.it  I  wrote  the  last 
lines  of  the  last  page,  in  a  summer-house  in  my  garden.  After 
Laying  down  my  pen.  I  took  several  turns  in  a  berceau,  or  covered 
walk  of  acacias,  which  commands  a  prospect  of  the  country,  the 
lake,  and  the  mountains.  The  air  was  temperate,  the  sky  was 
serene,  the  silver  orb  of  the  moon  was  reflected  from  the  waters, 
and  all  nature  was  silent.  I  will  not  dissemble  the  first  emotions 
of  joy  on  the  recovery  of  my  freedom,  and,  perhaps,  the  establish- 
ment of  my  fame.  But  my  pride  was  soon  humbled,  and  a  sober 
melancholy  was  spread  over  my  mind,  by  the  idea  that  I  had  t.iken 
an  everlasting  leave  of  an  old  and  agreeable  companion,  and  that 
whatsoever  might  be  the  future  date  of  my  history,  the  life  of  the 
historian  must  be  short  and  precarious." 

Alas  for  that  prospect  which  is  bounded  by  the  tomb! 
Had  the  hope  of  the  Christian  animated  the  breast  of  the 
scholar,  the  anticipation  of  a  "life  short  and  precarious," 
instead  of  being  a  cause  of  grief,  would  have  been  produc- 
tive of  joy.  But  the  thought  of  the  Morning  of  the  Resur- 
rection, if  at  all  entertaiued  by  the  skeptic,  could  have 
been  a  source  of  nothing  but  horror,  surely  not  of  desire. 
Thus  did  not  Boerhnave,  thus  did  not  Grotius,  nor  New- 
ton, nor  Burke,  regard  the  coming  on  of  ''  that  night  when 
no  man  can  work."     The  historian  proceeds  to  remark  : 

''  1  will  add  two  facts,  which  have  seldom  occurred  in  the  com- 
position of  six,  or  even  of  five,  quartos.  1.  My  first  rou-h  manu- 
script, without  any  intermediate  copy,has  been  sent  to  the  press. 
2.  Not  a  sheet  has  been  seen  by  any  human  eyes  excepting  those 
of  the  author  and  the  printer;  the  faults  and  the  merits  are  ex- 
clusively my  own." — Antfibiiigmphy. 

Gibbon  now  visited  England,  to  superintend  the  publica- 
tion of  the  conclusion  of  his  work,  for  which  he  received 
a  large  sum  from  the  publisher,  Mr.  Cadell.  When  the 
sheets  were  all  printed,  the  day  of  publication  was  de- 
layed, that  it  might  coincide  with  the  author's  fifty-first 
anniversary  of  his  birthday  : 

"The  double  festival  was  celebrated  by  a  cheerful  literary  din- 
ner at  Mr.  Cadell's  house;  and  I  seemed  to  blush  while  they  read 
an  elegant  compliment  from  Mr.  Ilayley,  whose  poetical  talents 
had  more  than  once  been  employed  iu  the  praises  of  his  frieud." 

The  sale  of  the  last  vols,  was  rapid;  and,  to  supply  the 
demand,  an  edition  of  the  whole  work,  in  12  vols.  Svo,  was 
pub.,  1788-90.  Gibbon's  profit  on  the  whole  is  stated  to 
have  been  £6000.  whilst  the  booksellers  netted  the  hand- 
some sum  of  £611,000. 

Mr.  Gibbon  returned  to  Lausanne,  July  30,  1788,  and  in 
about  a  year  from  this  time  met  with  an  irreparable  los3 
in  the  death  of  his  friend  Deyverdun.  He  was  now  thrown 
more  upon  his  own  resources  for  amusement,  and  occupied 
himself  in  writing  his  own  Memoirs, — to  which  we  have 
been  largely  indebted  in  this  sketch. — projecting  a  series 
of  biographical  portraits  of  eminent  Englishmen  from  the 
time  of  Henry  VIII.,  (never  prepared,)  and  some  other 
literary  labours. 

The  events  which  followed  the  first  excesses  of  the 
French  Revolution  threatened  the  peace  of  Switzerland, 
and  the  blast  of  war  startled  the  recluse  in  his  library. 
With  reluctant  steps  he  left  the  charming  retreat,  endeared 
to  him  alike  by  the  remembrances  of  boyhood  and  the 
tranquil  satisfactions  of  mature  years,  and  bent  his  way  to 
the  great  metropolis  of  his  native  land.  He  arrived  at 
London  in  June,  1793,  spent  some  time  in  the  city  with 
his  friend  Lord  Sheffield,  and  subsequently  accompanied 


GIB 

him  to  Sheffield  Place,  where  they  passed  the  summer.  In 
October  he  paid  a  visit  to  Mrs.  Gibbon,  the  widow  of  his 
father,  and  to  Lord  Spencer  at  Althorp,  and  then  returned 
to  London,  whore  he  expired,  after  a  few  hours'  illness, 
January  15,  179i,  from  the  effects  of  a  rupture  (resulting 
in  hydrocele)  of  more  than  thirty  years'  standing. 

"  The  valH-tk-cliamln-e  observed,  that  Mr.  Gibbon  did  not,  at 
any  time,  shew  the  le;tst  sign  of  alarm,  or  apprehensiou  of  death; 
and  it  does  not  appear  that  he  ever  thought  himself  in  danger, 
unless  his  desire  to  speait  to  Jlr.  Darrei!  may  be  considered  in  that 
light."— i-vrd  SfuJJidd's  ikmoirs. 

Uis  lordship  informs  us  that,  "  twenty  hours  before  his 
death,  Mr.  Gibbon  happened  to  fall  into  a  conversation 
not  uncommon  with  him  on  the  probable  duration  of  his 
life.  He  said  that  he  thought  himself  good  for  ten,  twelve, 
or  perhaps  twenty  years." 

In  1799,  Lord  Sheffield,  for  many  years  his  attached 
friend,  pub.  The  Miscellaneous  Works  of  Edward  Giljbon, 
Esq.,  with  Memoirs  of  his  Life  and  Writings,  composed 
by  himself:  illustrated  from  his  Letters,  with  occasional 
Notes  and  Narrative,  2  vols.  4to.  A  3d  vol.  was  added  in 
1S15;  and  a  new  ed.  of  the  whole,  with  addits.,  in  5  vols. 
8vo,  was  issued  in  the  same  year;  also  pub.  in  r.  8vo.  New 
ed.,  in  one  large  8vo  vol.,  pp.  84S,  1837.  The  Antiquities 
of  the  House  of  Brunswick  was  printed  (privately)  sepa- 
rately in  1814.  The  forty-fourth  chapter  of  the  Decline 
and  Fall,  under  the  title  of  A  Survey  of  the  Civil  Law, 
Ac.,  has  been  printed  separately  several  times  at  home 
and  abroad. 

There  are  several  French  edits.,  one  corrected  and  en- 
larged by  Professor  Warnkoi/nig,  Liege,  1821,  8vo.  See 
also  A  Survey  of  the  Civil  Law,  with  Notes  by  Professor 
Hugo;  trans,  from  the  German  by  W.Gardiner,  Edin., 
1824,  12mo.  The  value  of  this  Survey  it  would  be  diffi- 
cult to  exaggerate. 

"  Perhaps  the  most  masterly  and  elaborate  account  of  the  Civil 
Law  whifh  is  extant  is  to  he  found  in  the  forty-fourth  chapter  of 
Gibbon's  Decline  and  Fall  of  the  lloman  Kmpire.  Lord  Mansfield 
characterised  it  as  '  beautiful  and  spirited.'  " — Warnn's  Law  Slu- 
dits. 

''  We  have  no  hesitation  in  strongly  recommending  this  chapter 
to  the  attentive  perusal  of  the  student,  as  containing  a  succinct 
and  masterly  historical  view  of  the  Roman  Law.  As  a  summary 
it  certainly  stands  unrivalled,  and  as  a  mere  outline  ouly  is  it  to 
be  read.  .  .  .  This  chapter,  for  what  it  professes  to  he,  is  luminous, 
learned,  succinct,  and  satisfactory. 

"  But  the  high  estimation  in  which  Mr.  Gibbon's  outline  is  held 
on  the  continent,  where  the  lloman  Law  has  for  so  many  centu- 
ries been  thoroughly  studied,  and  elaborately  written  on.  will  be 
regarded  as  strong  evidence  of  its  high  merit." — ll<ijf man's  Legal 
Stml,,. 

Professor  Hoffman  censures  the  depreciating  rem.arks 
upon  Gibbon's  Survey  thrown  out  by  the  editor  of  Sir  Wm. 
Jones's  Treatise  on  Bailments.  For  other  opinions  upon 
the  Survey,  see  1  Brown's  Civil  Law,  Pref.,  2  ;  Irving's  Civil 
Law,  188. 

We  have  already  noticed  two  edits,  of  the  Decline  and 
Fall  of  the  Roman  Empire,  viz. : — 1.  1776-88,  5  vols.  4to ; 
2.  1788-90,  12  vols.  8vo.  We  proceed  to  notice,  3.  1802, 
12  vols.  8vo;  4.  Abridgt.,  by  the  Rev.  Charles  Hereford, 
1789,  2  vols.  8vo;  5.  Edin.,  1811,  12  vols.  8vo  ;  6.  Lon., 
1815, 12  vols.  8vo ;  7.  Expurgated  ed.,  by  Thomas  Bowdler, 
1826,  5  vols.  Svo. 

"  The  indecent  expressions,  and  all  allusions  of  an  improper 
tendency,  have  been  erased."' 

8.  Corrected  ed.,  particularly  in  the  Greek  Notes,  Oxf., 
1828,  8  vols.  8vo;  9.  Pub.  by  H.  Bohn,  imp.  8vo ;  10.  By 
Chalmers,  pub.  by  Longman,  8vo  ;  11.  By  Guizot,  pub.  by 
A.  Hall,  2  vols.  r.  Svo ;  12.  Pub.  by  Pickering,  8  vols.  8vo, 
and  large  paper;  13.  By  AVestley  and  Davis,  1837,  1  vol. 
r.  8vo;  14.  With  the  Notes  of  Guizot,  Wenck,  and  the 
Editor,  by  the  Rev.  H.  N.  Milman,  pub.  by  Murray,  1838, 
12  vols.  8vo.  (See  Nos.  15  and  18.)  15.  Secoud  ed.  of  the 
preceding,  with  addits.,  1846,  6  vols.  Svo;  16.  Pub.  by 
Virtue,  illustrated,  1850,  2  vols.,  sup.  r.  Svo;  17.  With 
variorum  Notes,  including  those  of  Guizot,  Wenck,  Nie- 
huhr,  Hugo,  Neander,  and  other  foreign  scholars,  editetl 
by  an  English  Churchman,  pub.  in  Bolm's  Brit.  Classics, 
vols,  i.-v.,  1853-54 ;  18.  Third  ed.  of  Milman's  ed.,  with 
additional  Notes  by  Dr.  Wm.  Smith,  portrait  and  maps, 
pub.  by  Murray,  1854-55,  8  vols.  8vo. 

This  edition  includes  the  Autobiography  of  Gibbon,  and 
is  distinguished  by  careful  revision  of  the  text,  verifica- 
tion of  all  the  references  to  ancient  writers,  and  notes 
incorporating  the  results  of  the  researches  of  modern 
scholars  and  the  discoveries  of  recent  travellers. 

The  Life  and  Corresp.  of  Gibbon,  edited  by  Mr.  Mil- 
man,  were  pub.  in  1839,  8vo;  and  an  edit,  of  the  Autobio- 
graphy was  pub.  by  Wbittaker  in  2  vols.,  12mo  and  ISmo. 
°  "  The  Life  of  tiilibon  is  a  valuajjle  and  necessary  companion  to 
the  Vcdim  and  Rdl.     No  one  who  desires  to  be  informed  in  the 


GIB 

most  engaging  and  dignified  manner  of  the  most  important  eras  in 
tlie  world's  annals  can  allow  himself  to  remain  unaciuainted  with 
the  life  and  correspondence  of  its  very  remarkable  author."— Ztm. 
Mnnthhj  Kev. 

"  It  is  perhaps  the  best  specimen  of  autobiography  in  the  hnglish 
language.  iJescending  from  the  lofty  level  of  his  history,  and 
ielaxiug  the  stately  march  which  he  maintains  throughout  that 
work,  into  a  more  natural  and  easy  pace,  this  enchanting  writer, 
with  an  ease,  a  spirit,  and  a  vigour  peculiar  to  himself,  conducts 
his  readers  through  a  sickly  childhood,  a  neglected  and  desultory 
education  and  a  youth  wasted  in  the  unpromising  aud  unscholar- 
like  occupation  of  a  militia  officer,  to  the  period  when  he  resolutely 
applied  the  energies  of  his  genius  to  a  severe  course  of  voluntary 
study,  which,  in  the  space  of  a  ft-w  years,  rendered  him  a  consum- 
mate master  of  Itoman  antiquity,  and  lastfy  produced  the  history 
of  the  decline  and  fatl  of  the  mighty  empire."— iod.  Qiiar.  Itev., 

xii.  3fiS-391.  q.v.  i,     ,.    ,   ^      w    t,    ., 

"The  autobvnraphy  of  GimoN,  attached  to  his  Posthumous 
Works,  edited  by  Lord  Sheffield,  has  been  perhaps  the  most  popu- 
lar production  of  its  kind,  of  modern  times.  It  is  winning  in  an 
unusual  degree.  The  periods  Oow  with  a  sort  of  liquid  cadence. 
The  facts  are  beautifully  l.n.oght  together  and  ingeniously  argued 
upon;  and  the  life  of  a  stiidinus  Ueclnse  ha.s  something,  about  it 
of  the  air  of  a  romantic  Adventurer.  This  is  attributable  to  the 
charm,  the  polish,  the  harmony  of  the  style.  But  the  Autobio- 
graphy of  Gibbon  is,  in  fact,  the  consummation  of  Art  ;  and  never 
were  pages  more  determinedly  and  more  elaborately  written  for 
the  admiration  of  posterity.  How  different  is  the  Autobiography 
of  lIliMEi  But  hnth  these  great  writers  were  the  sai«<'—in  then' 
own  memoirs  .and  their  histories:  the  former,  like  Johnson's  de- 
scription of  Gray,  had  generally  'a  kind  of  strutting  dignity,  and 
was  tall  by  walking  on  tip-tne;'  the  latter,  all  simplicity  and  per- 
spicuity, would  rather  be  courted  by,  than  court,  the  Graces:  and 
his  style  was  grace  itself."— -D*<'i«'s  Lib.  Omip.  ,  ti  ii 

As  regards  the  various  edits,  of  the  Decline  and  Fall, 
Dean  Milman's  (see  No.  18,  above)  has  no  rival.  For 
family  reading,  where  it  is  not  pleasant  to  he  obliged  to 
keep  the  eyes  always  a  little  in  advance  of  the  voice,  if 
reading  aloud,  or  where  you  hesitate  to  trust  infidelity  and 
indecency  uncorrected  to  your  children,  Bowdler's  edit,  is 
to  be  preferred;  and  we  should  be  glad  to  see  a  new 
edition,  s.ay  in  3  vols.  Svo,  price  not  over  £2.  Of  course 
the  scholar  can  by  no  means  dispense  with  Milman's  ex- 
cellent edition,  which  contains  the  unmutilated  text  of 
Gibbon,  carefully  revised,  particularly  in  the  quotations  ; 
and  illustr.ated  with  notes,  to  correct  the  errors  of  Gibbon, 
and  especially  to  put  the  unwary  reader  on  his  guard 
against  his  misstatements  regarding  Christianity. 

The  chief  works  from  which  Mr.  Milman  derived  his 
materials  are  : — I.  The  French  translation,  with  Notes, 
by  M.  Guizot.  II.  The  German  translation,  with  Notes 
of  Wenck.  III.  The  new  edition  of  Le  Beau's  Histoire 
du  Bas  Empire,  both  with  Notes  by  M.  St.  Martin  and  M. 
Brosset.  IV.  Such  works  as  have  come  to  light  since  the 
appearance  of  Gibbon's  History. 

"  There  can  be  no  ciuestiim  that  this  edition  of  Gibbon  is  the  only 
one  extant  to  which  parents  and  guardians,  and  academical  au- 
thorities, ought  to  give  any  measure  of  countenance.  The  editoi-'s 
illustrations'on  subjects  of  secular  and  literary  interest  are  in 
every  respect  such  as  might  have  been  anticipated  from  bis  cha- 
racter, as  one  of  the  most  accomplished  scholars  and  writers  of  his 
a„„."_KEV.  J.  3.  Blont,  in  Lrm.  Quar.  Rev.,  Ixii.  360-385.  q.  v. 
°"  Gibtjon's  History,  especially  as  edited  by  Mr.  Milman,  is  a  work 
for  all  time  and  for  all  classes.  It  never  before  was  a  work  which 
could  be  safely  put  into  the  hands  of  the  young,  or  of  those  whose 
opportunities  and  means  for  detecting  its  perversions  were  few. 
Now,  however,  the  errors  of  this  luminous  and  imposing  history 
have  been  skilfully  and  convincingly  noted.  The  poison,  if  not 
extr.acted,  has  been  made  palpable."— ifm.  Monthly  Ktview. 

"The  name  of  Gibbon  will  occur  to  the  student  as  a  splendid, 
but  in  some  respects  dangerous  guide,  down  to  the  close  of  the 
sixteenth  century.  We  say  he  is  a  dangerous  guide,  in  respect  of  his 
gross  and  malignant  misrepresentations  concerning  the  Christian 
religion;  and  we  recommend  the  student  to  procure  the  Rev.  H. 
Milman's  edition  of  Gibbon,  in  which  that  great  writer's  errors 
and  misrepresentations  will  be  found  exposed  with  candour,  free- 
dom, and  learning."— IRirrc7rs  Law  Stadia. 

See  also  Lon.  Quar.  Rev.,  1.  273-307,  for  a  review  of 
Guizot's  trans,  of  the  Decline  and  Fall  into  French,  Paris, 
1828 ;  a  review  of  Gibbon's  Life  in  the  Lon.  Eclectic 
Rev  4th  series,  vi.  142 ;  and  articles  in  Eraser's  Mag., 
xliii.  291 ;  Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  1846,  Pt.  1,  230,  687  ;  Best. 
Chris.  Rev.,  xiii.  34;  N.York  Democrat.  Rev.,  xx.  621; 
N.  York  Lit.  and  Theolog.  Rev.,  ii.  38;  Phila.  Museum, 
xxiv.  526  ;  Phila.  Analectic  Mag.,  vi.  89.  The  student 
must  also  peruse  Person's  severe  strictures,  in  the  preface 
to  his  Letters  on  Travis,  on  the  indecency  of  portions  of 
the  Decline  and  Fall,  especially  vols.  v.  and  vi. ;  and  the 
notices  of  Gibbon  in  W.  H.  Prescott's  Biog.  and  Crit.  Mis- 
cellanies, and  in  the  other  authorities  from  which  we  shall 
I>roceed  to  quote. 

We  confess  to  so  ardent  an  admiration  of  this  truly 
great  author,  that  it  is  with  p.ain  we  are  obliged  to  advert 
to  his  grave  errors,  for  which  genius,  however  exalted, 
learning,  however  profound,  and  diction,  however  splen- 
did, can  make  no  adequate  atonement.  Not  for  the  genius 
of  Homer,  the  wealth  of  the  Indies,  nor  "  all  the  learning 

6«3 


GIB 

of  tbo  Egyptinns,"  would  we  be  willing  to  write  one  line 
calculated  to  disturb  tbe  faith  of  the  humblest  Christian 
in  that^.nspired  record  which  '•  hath  God  for  its  Author, 
Iruth  lor  Its  substance,  and  Salvation  for  its  end  '"  In  a 
world  of  trial,  sorrow,  and  temptation,  let  no  impious 
hand  presume  to  assail  that  Ark  of  Refuge  and  Consola- 
tion which  Divine  mercy  has  provided  for  the  guilt  and 
misery  ot  humanity. 

We  conclude  our  notice  of  this  distinguished  writer 
With  some  quotations  from  eminent  authorities : 
h.,'i  «f;'^"''i'"/'''^'/''"'''''  P*-™'=>b  "hich  allowed  1.10  to  feel  nothinR 
but  the  Interest  of  a  narrative  always  animat.d.  and,  notwhh- 
liJtii'f  "!  e'"™'  "Id  'he  vaiiety  of  ol.jects  which  it  makes  to 
pass  nelore  the  view,  always  perspicuous,  I  entered  upon  a  minute 
examination  of  the  details  of  which  it  was  composed,  and  the 
opinion  which  I  then  formed  was.  I  confess,  sin-ulaily  severe  I 
aiscoTored.  in  certain  chapters,  errors  which  appeared  to  me  suffi- 
ciently important  and  numerous  to  make  me  believe  that  they  hid 
been  written  with  extreme  ne-liience;  in  others,  I  was  struck 
with  a  certain  tinge  of  |arti,,lity  „nd  prejudice,  which  imparted  to 
the  exposition  of  the  f„ts  ll.at  waut  of  truth  and  justice  which 
the  Iinftlish  express  by  Iheir  happy  term  misrepraentalnj,,.  Some 
^Km^^*  J'™''"^^r*  quotations,  some  passages  omitted  uninten- 
tionally or  desijrnedly  have  cast  suspicion  on  the  houeslv  (bonne 
foij  of  the  author:  and  his  violation  of  tbe  first  law  of  historv- 
inS",^  S^'  Ivf  ^^  the  prolonged  attention  with  which  I  oc- 
cupied myself  with  every  phrase,  every  note,  every  rellectioii- 
caused  me.toform  on  the  wholes  judgment  far  too  rigorous  A  ler 
having  finished  my  labours,  I  allowed  some  time  to  elap"e  l^f,  re 
I  reviewed  the  whole.     A  second  attentive  and  re^-ular  n-ru  ",    of 

«J1;?.  /,K  ■  ""'"  *°  "ibjoin.  showed  me  how  much  I  had  ex- 
aggerated the  importance  of  the  reproaches  which  Gibbon  re.illv 
deserved.     I  was  struck  with  the  same  errors,  the  same  p°  tial    y 

ti^/'.o  A"  '■'"'•"''"''•■  "■"  '  "••'<»  '■"^  far  from  doing  adCluate  jus 
tice  to  the  imnicusify  of  his  researches,  the  variety  of  h  s  knn"v- 

juft'essTdVtmm  ;;';■■'£  '"f  "■?!.^  philosophical  -di-scrhui nation 

Ehti,  ,:  '^'"'-11''"*'*  O"'  P'"-h"t  itself  to  he  blinded  by  the  clouds 
which  t  me  gathers  around  the  dead,  and  which  prevents  us  from 
seeing  that  under  the  toga  as  under  the  mode™  Sressn  the 
senate  .as  in  our  councils,  men  were  what  they  slih  .are  and  that 
Z-s''  iThen^'n:  ?;,="-■■ -"'uries  ago  as  th(v  take  pla"  fn'ou 
aajs.  1  then  felt  that  his  book,  in  sp  te  of  its  faults  will  alw-ivs 
be  a  noble  work ;  and  that  we  may  correct  his  en  rs  a"  d  combi? 
b  ne''d1"wr,%';l'J'r'  --'■>^'.'' »<"-"  'bat  few  men  ha^e  com- 

fcVr  V"  "'  '■'':"-''^P»''»eSs  ofluiowt  ge,and  we'?an 

ral  s  orth'''T  "'"'i  w""^  ""■°"'''''  ^'"^  instrumeiality7he  r° 
suits  ot  the  learned  labours  of  the  irre.at  collc-lnrc  „f  „    .     ■  , 

As  bcblosser  has  introduced  the  name  of  Lord  Brougham 
m  h,s  review  of  the  characteristics  of  Gibbon,  it  wifl  no 
be  m.appropr,ate  to  quote  some  comments  of  the  former 
upon  tlie  style  of  the  great  historian  of  the  Ro  nan  E mphe 

"He  will  not  condescend  to  be  plain-  be  for-ets  Vw  Vi  '^ 

mmiiBmsm 

darkness   it.self.     The   main  fault  nf  hi      ,"1"^  .""'nteresting  as 

self  a'^h!'?'"'''''  "/  !"■■•  ^'■'''™"  '"  ""^  connction-him- 

in?clp:r.'tWeh°t,ZsTand  r/,r"?r  ■■'^  "'■■""'■^  "■"«  -"«''° 
uncertai'n  of  pSli"°fav™r''Aud  h  deed"  hi:'",'  'i"'"  ""^  ""'  "^^" 
ingly  commended  by  tbe  nio.st  con  pete.d  ,   m-  '  if  1^',  T'""'' 

popular  appl'ause  V,  b,f;  h  :n7r„'';,,^'''l  'fh'''','';"  ""■'-^  "' 
day.  his  increased  c,,i,se,,o,.,  v  b,",  ,  .T:^,  „  '"''  .'",»»'■!■•"'  "'  'be 
sumed  staleliness  and  ,  iii    .        ,  r ",  i   "i™  "^''''»  '"  ""■  »''■ 

after  this  period,  wlunev"  V  e  Vn    i  ;    i.      o  m"!'"";-    ","1  "'"' 


GIB 


It  will  now  be  interesting  to  see  what  was  the  author's 
own  opinion  of  the  comparative  merits  of  his  different 
Toluines : 

-The  style  of  the  first  volume,  in  my  opinion,  is  somewhat  crude 
and  elaborate;  in  the  .second  and  thiid  it  is  ripened  intoease  cor 
rectness  and  numbers;  but  in  the  three  last  I  m.Hv  have  been 
seduced  by  the  fiicility  of  my  pen.  and  the  constant  h.diit  of  spe!ak 
mg  one  language  and  writing  another  may  have  infused  some 
mi.xture  ol  Ualhc  idioms."-.4„to(,!«<,r„;,/,y  mmsea  some 

The  tribute  of  the  historian  of  Modern  Europe  to  his 
great  predecessor  is  truly  eloquent : 

"  (iilibon,  the  architect  of  a  bridge  over  the  dark  gulf  which  sena- 
rales  ancient  from  modern  times,  who.se  vivid  genius  has  tinTd 
wuh^brilliant  colours  the  greatest  historical  wol^k'lL  exSSn  ".^•- 

<5nftJ"'■^^?•T"■''"'u  •''?'"  ^^^  ''''''=  "'"I'-e  ol  Professor 
omyth  IS  all  lor  which  we  can  find  space  • 

thanhisw'l  h"  "!"'  "'"^-v?  history,  it  is  oftjn  something  more 
than  history,  and  above  it;  it  is  pbilo.sopby,  it  is  theology   it  is 

suSwitHwEifi'  ■  ''  '?''"""  '.'"'  n-""'  ^"S'erly  upo7e  cry 
suojea  witli  which  literature  can  be  connected.     If  the  stvie  bo 

toVou's  tn  1^  :1"'1-''  ''^t°''^'>f'™  «b»™re,  to  te  often  mono- 
tonou.s  to  he  sometimes  even  ludicrously  disproportioned  to  tho 
subject.  1  must  at  the  same  time  be  allowed,  th.nt  whenever  an 
opportunity  presents  itself,  it  is  the  striking  and  adequate  renrS 
sentation  of  comprehrn.sive  thought  and  weighty  remaX  It  may 
be  necessary  no  doubt  to  warn  the  student  again.st  the  irnta"  on 
ofa  mode  ofwriting  so  little  easy  and  natmal  R„i  .>,.  „ 
cessity  of  the  cau.i,,,,  i„,pH„s  ,hi  ^It™!"  m  Itfs  tot  re^s.^d" 

unatta  nable  to  tbe  immaturity  of  his  own  mind,  he  would  alr,;I 
consent  to  iidmire.  or  hope  to  emulate.  .  .  When  such  is  ?h! 
work    ,t  IS  placed  beyond  the  justice  or  the  injustfce  of Cit  dsm 

g^m"iS  !^;^- ,  t,-n-<7;is^?i  =£S 
?'siJ»|i;^-^ritsrs-i„£iH 

so  r.are.  that  the  History  of  tbe  Decline  and  Fall  must  alwl^s  h2 
pean,h  only  with  the  civilization  of  the  world."_Zec(.  on  Mod 

po;«'^"^Jn^iS;^';°[^s';?-->--!^,!s:'S 
sj^n^rK-"^- :i-hsr™-  T.!r;^H£? 

of  Vohair''Th"-'  •"  "«.'"M^'l  "Pini-ns  and  imp  ™Vmocke    fs 

;sr^xi°-s;er^--:--'^  £gSS 

sunf  and\ThT;"w^nw"  %^'l";fy^e"^'tu' h  ? ''' '''rr'"".= 

of  a.I,ZZl,t  ■"  f^/^^""'  PO'-x-ber  in  the  Philosophical  Essays 

of  n  1   /iwTb      1-  '■"  *"'  ■■'■P'-'"''™'ation  of  the  unsra^al  characte? 

b5SfS^"!SSHSS?i£H 
i>^;9y^,:!rnn^cC:^;^;^:.:L-^°^r:i-,:r 

breys  Miscellanies,  and  in  ,he  Harleian  Mis'iell  ,ny  "" 
,  Gibbon,  John,  11129-1719?  an  ancestor  of  ibe  histo 
nan,  educ.atcd  at  Jesus  Coll.,  Camb.,  after  lending  for  ome 
time  a  soldier's  life  in  France,  the  Netherlandf  and  Vir- 
ginia, obtained  the  appointment  of  Blue  Man  le  by  the 
patronage  of  Sir  Wm.  Dugdalc,  then  Norroy       He  pub 


GIB 


GIB 


guiii.  An  English  text  is  perpetually  interBpfrspd  with  Latin 
senfem-es  in  prosH  and  verse;  but  in  his  own  poetry  he^'laiuis  ;in 
exenipiinn  from  the  laws  of  prosody." — Edward  Giiboit^s  Aulo- 
biO:/rn}>hif. 

Gibbon,  Thomas,  Account  of  the  Cromwell  Family, 
177:^.  svn. 

Gibbon,  Wni.     Serms.,  1743,  '47,  4to. 

Gibbons,  Christopher,  Mus.  Doc,  son  of  Orlando 
Gil'ljons,  was  nUo  a  composer  of  music. 

Gibbons,  D.  1.  Lex  Temporis.  Lon..  IS.SS,  12rao. 
2.  Law  of  Fixtures,  18;i0,  12aio.  ;i  Law  nf  Dilnpiilations 
and  Nuisances,  1839,  '49,  Svo.  4.  Metrupol.  Building  Act, 
1844.  fp.  Svo. 

Gibbons,  Kllis,  son  of  Orlando  Gibbons,  was  also  a 
composer  of  uiusie. 

Gibbons, Orlando,  15S3-1625,  a  celebrated  composer 
of  music.  Madrigals  and  Mottets  for  Viols  and  Voyccs, 
Lon..  1G12.  This  vol.  is  Tenor.  He  composed  the  tunes 
for  George  Wither'a  trans,  of  Hymns  and  Sougs  of  the 
Church,  and  in;iny  pieces  of  music. 

Gibbons,  Uiehard,  1549-16;i2,alcarned  Jesuit,  born 
at  AViiuhester,  jiuli.  F.  Hilierie  Com.  in  duodecim  Pro- 
phetas  miuores,  Doway,  1612,  and  several  other  works. 
See    Alegambe;   Dodd's  Ch.  Hist. 

Gibbons,  Thomas,  D.D.,  1720-1785,  a  Calvinist  dis- 
senting divine,  a  native  of  Reak,  minister  nf  the  Inde- 
pendent congregation  at  Haberdashers'  Hnll,  London, 
1743-85.  He  pub.  many  serms.,  theolog.  treatises,  poems, 
memoirs,  a  collection  of  hymns.  &c.,  1743-S7.  Among  his 
best-known  works  are,  1.  The  Christian  Minister;  in  three 
Poetical  Epistles  to  Philander,  Ac,  Lon.,  1772,  Svo. 

*'Uere  you  have  a  thousand  hints  respeL-tini;  the  reading  nf  the 
best  authors,  thi-  composing  of  seriuous,  kc." — OdUm  Mather. 

2.  Rhetoric,  1707,  Svo.  3.  Memoirs  of  eminently  pious 
Women,  1777,  2  vols.  Svo.  New  ed.,  enlarged,  by  Rev. 
George  Jcrment  and  Rev.  Saml.  Burder,  1815,  3  vols.  Svo. 
4.  Memoirs  of  Dr.  Isaac  Watts,  17S0,  Svo.  5.  Serms.  on 
Evangel,  and  Prac.  Subjects,  1787.  3  vols.  8vo. 

"  Directed  to  a  practical  purpose,  and  tend  to  ft-riii  the  heart  to 
piety  and  goodness.  The  style  is  plain  aud  properly  adapted  to 
the  pulpit." — Lon.  MimVibj  Rev. 

See  Daviks,  Rkv.  Samuel. 

Gibbons,  Thomas,  M.D.  Medical  Cases  nnd  Re- 
marks, Sudbury.  17119,  Svo;  2d  ed.,  Lou..  iSdl.Svo.  Con. 
to  Ann.  of  Med..  1790. 

Gibbons,  Wm.     Iron  Trade.  Ac.  Lon.,  1785,  Svo. 

Gibbs,  Dr.     Cures  of  King's  E\il.  Lon.,  1712,  Svo. 

Gibbs,  George.  1.  The  Judicial  Chrcmicle,  Camb., 
1834,  Svo.  2.  Memoirs  of  the  Administrations  of  Wash- 
ington and  John  Adams.  Edited  tVoni  the  papers  of  Oliver 
Wolcott,  Secretary  of  the  Treasury,  N.York.  I  S46.2voIs.8vo. 

'•  Of  inestimalile  value  for  its  authentic  materials." — President 
King. 

'•  Mr.  Gibbs  [the  crandson  of  Oliver  WolcottJ  has  performed  his 
task  extremely  well." — North  American. 

Gibbs,  Dr.  James.  1.  Poem,  Lon.,  1700,  foL  2.  The 
first  15  Psalms  of  David  trans,  into  lyric  verse,  1701,  4to. 

Gibbs,  James,  1674?-1754,  an  eminent  architect,  a 
native  of  Alierdeen.  1.  Book  of  Architecture,  Lon.,  1728, 
fol.  2.  Rules,  Ac.  rel.  to  Architecture.  1732,  '38,  foL 
3.  Bibliotheca  Radcliviana,  1747.  fol.  4.  Trans,  of  Osorio's 
Latin  Hist,  of  the  Portugese,  1752,  2  vols.  Svo. 

Osorius  has,  from  the  purity  of  his  language  and  taste, 
been  called  the  Cicero  of  Portugal. 

Gibbs,  John.     Serms.,  1698. 

Gibbs,  John.  English  Gothic  Architecture,  Lon., 
1855,  imp.  4to. 

*'  Mr.  (jiljljs's  desiims  evince  a  great  amount  of  professional  skill 
and  good  taste,  and  will  bear  comparison  with  the  best  works  of  a 
similar  nature  of  Mr.  ru'j;in." — Oxfnrd  Clir/midc. 

Gibbs,  Josiah  Willard,  Prof,  of  Sacred  Literature 
in  Yale  College  since  1.S24.  A  Helirew  nnd  Eug.  Lexicon 
to  the  Old  Test.,  including  the  Biblical  Chaldec.  from  the 
German  Works  of  Prof.  W.  Gesenius,  Andover,  1824,  r.  Svo ; 
Lon.,  lS27,8vo;  2d  ed.,  1832,  Svo.  Of  this  excellent  work, 
which  may  be  called  a  new  Hebrew  and  English  Lexicon, 
an  ed.  for  schools  was  pub.  in  Andover,  1828,  Svo ;  2d  ed., 
N.  Haven,  1832,  Svo  ;  Lon.,  1833,  Svo.  An  account  of  these 
works  will  be  found  in  Home's  Bibl.  Bib.,  Lon.  Evangel. 
Mag.,  Ac.  Philological  Studies,  with  English  Illustrations, 
N.  Haven,  1S37,  12mo.     A  New  Latin  Aniilyst.  1859. 

Gibbs,  Philip.  Hist.  acct.  of  Compendious  and 
Swift  Writing,  &<;.,  Lon.,  1736,  Svo. 

"The  historical  aeoount  displays  extensive  reading,  impartial 
judtjaient,  and  much  ltnowled;j;e  of  the  theory  of  the  art.  but  the 
system  is  siiij^ularly  obscure  and  confused." — Lowndes's  Bihl.  Man. 
See  Dr.  Biichs  Ded.  to  the  Life  of  Aichbishop  Tillotson. 

Gibbs,  Philip.     Theidog.  treatises,  1737-40. 

Gibbs,  Kichard.  The  new  I>iaorders  of  Love;  a 
Novel,  1687,  Svo. 


Gibbs,  Samnel.  Common  Recoveries,  Lon. ,1821, Svo. 

Gibbs,  T.  IVI.  Trans,  into  English  of  M.  le  Royde 
Gomberville's  Doctrine  of  Morality,  Lon.,  1721.  fol. 

Gibbs,  Sir  Vicary,  1752-1820,  Chief-Justice  of  the 
Common  Pleas,  1813-20.  1.  Speech  in  Defence  of  T. 
Hardy,  1795,  Svo.  2.  Speech  in  Defence  of  John  Home 
Tooke,  17115,  Svo. 

Gibbs,  W.  Handbook  of  Architectural  Ornament, 
Lon..  1 851,  Svo. 

Gibbs,  Wm.     Funl.  Serm.,  1600,  4to. 

Giblelt,  Paul.     Calumnies  of  G.  Horrower,  1815. 

Gibney,  John,  M.D.  1.  Sea  Bathing,  1SI3,  Svo, 
2.  Vapour  Bath,  Svo. 

"The  work  is  bntli  instructive  and  amn«:in)2;;  and  though  ob- 
viously written  for  the  public,  is  not  without  its  value  to  the 
profi?ssion." — Lon.  Lancet. 

Gibson.     Funl.  Serm.,  Lon.,  1092,  4to. 

Gibson.  Memoirs  of  Queen  Annej  being  a  Supp.  to 
the  Hi^t.  of  her  Reign,  1729,  Svo. 

Gibson,  Abraham,     Serms.,  1613,  '19,  Svo. 

Gibson,  Sir  Alexander,  of  Durie.  Decisions  of  the 
Lords  of  Council  and  Session,  1621-42,  Edin.,  1690,  fob 

Gibson,  Antony.  A  Woman's  Wourth  defended 
against  all  the  Men  in  the  World,  proving  them  to  be 
more  perfect,  e.xcellent.  and  absolute  in  all  virtuous  Actions 
than  any  Man  of  what  Qualitle  soever.  Written  by  one 
that  has  heard  much,  seene  much,  but  knowes  a  great  deal 
more,  Lon.,  1599.  Svo.  Antony  Gibson  was  the  editor  of 
this  work,  which  is  supposed  to  be  a  trans,  from  tlie  Cham- 
pion des  Femnies  of  the  Chevalier  de  I'Escale.  The  hearty 
galbmtry  of  the  title  is  very  observable,  and  his  positions 
perhaps  not  fur  out  of  the  way. 

Gibson,  Art.  1.  Club  Serms.,  Lon.,  1844,  12rao;  3d 
ed..  1854.     2.  Serms.  on  various  subjects,  1S53,  12mo. 

Gibson,  Benj.  1.  Artificial  Pupil  of  the  Eye,  Lon., 
ISU,  Svo.     2.  Con.  to  Nich(d.  Jour.,  1806. 

Gibson,  Edmund,  D.D.,  1669-1748,  a  native  of 
Bampton,  Westmnreland,  entered  Queen's  Coll..  Oxf.,  1686; 
Rector  of  Lambeth,  1703;  Archdeacon  of  Surrey,  1710; 
Bishop  of  Lincoln.  1715  ;  trans,  to  London,  1723.  He  waa 
a  learned  thetdogian  and  antiquary,  and  pub.  a  number  of 
works,  among  which  are  the  following:  1.  Chronicon  Sax- 
onicum.  trans,  into  Latin  with  the  Saxon  original,  aud 
Gibson's  Notes,  Oxf.,  1692,  4to. 

"  Allowed  by  the  Warned  to  be  the  best  remains  extant  of  Saxon 
antinuity." 

2.  Trans,  of  Camden's  Britannia  into  English,  with  ad- 
ditions, 1722,  2  vols,  fob;  1753,  '72.  See  Camden,  Wil- 
liam. 3.  Reliquiae  Spelmanniso,  with  Life  of  the  author, 
Ac,  1698,  fol.  4.  Synodus  Anglicana,  1702,  Svo.  5.  The 
Holy  Sacrament  Explained,  1705,  Svo.  Anon.  Often  Re- 
printed. 6.  Family  Devotion,  1705,  Svo.  Anon.  7.  Codex 
Juris  Ecclesia;  Anglican.'e,  Lon.,  1713,  2  vols,  fob;  2d  ed., 
enlarged  and  corrected,  Oxf.,  1761,  2  vols.  fol.  A  splendid 
work  from  the  Clarendon  press. 

"  This  is  by  murh  the  most  valuable  work  we  have  on  this  sub 
ject;  it  may  be  proper,  however,  to  read  along  wiih  it  a  pamphlet 
said  to  have  been  written  by  Jud^^e  Foster,  entitled  An  Examina- 
tion of  the  Scheme  of  Church  Power  laid  down  in  the  Codex  .luris 
Kcclesiastici  Anglicani,  Third  edition,  Lon.,  1730." — Bishop 
Watoon. 

8.  Pastoral  Lett,  on  Infidelity.  Lon.,  1728,  '29,  Svo.  This 
was  occasiimed  by  Woolston's  Discourses  on  Miraeles. 

"  An  excellent  pastoral  letter,  written,  as  all  his  are,  with  great 
clearness  and  strength." — LtUmd's  Di  isliraf  JVnlers. 

Three  Pastoral  Letters,  1732,  Svo.  Five,  1760,  12mo; 
and  Pour  are  reprinted  in  Bishop  Randolph's  Enchiridion 
Theologicum. 

"Gibson's  Pastoral  Letters  contain  a  clear  and  excellent  sum- 
mary of  the  arguments  in  defence  of  (Jospei  revelation,  as  well  as 
a  powerful  preseivative  against  the  writings  that  favour  the  cause 
of  Intidelity." — Ow-n's  Din-ctions. 

*■  Some  useful  reniai-Us — of  Tillotson's  School." — Bickerd-Vi's  C.  S. 

10.  A  Collect,  of  the  principal  Treatises  against  Popery 

173S,  3  vols,  fob      New  ed.,  edited  and  revised  tor  Brit 

Reform  Soc,  by  John  Cumming,  D.D.,  1848-49,  18  vols 

Svo.     Supp.,  1850,  8  vols.  Svo. 

"A  valuable  collection  of  tracts  against  popery,  chiefly  on  ra- 
tional and  argumentative  grounds.  It  enibodies  several  valuable 
Protestant  pamphlets,  and  though  wanting  in  the  evangelical 
spirit  of  the  Heformation.  as  far  as  just  argument  and  just  reason- 
ing go,  it  furnishes  an  armoury  of  weapons  against  popery." — 

BlCKLRSTETH. 

"  An  impregnable  barrier  against  the  usurpations  and  supersti- 
tions of  the  Church  of  Home."— Jkremy  Bentham. 

The  theological  student  should  also  procure  Lud.  Le 
Blanc's  Theses  Theologies,  1683,  fob 

'*  This  work  may  very  properly  accompany  Gibson's  Preservative 
against  Popery,  as  it  is  written  with  great  learning  and  candour, 
upon  the  principal  subjects  of  controveisy  between  the  KomaQ 
and  the  lU-fMrmtd  Churches."— Bishop  Wvtsos. 

"  Highly  worthy  of  an  attentive  perusal." — Mosheim. 

665 


GIB 


GIF 


Eigbop  Gibson  also  pub.  several  occasional  serms., 
tracts,  (fee. 

'•In  private  life  he  possessed  the  social  virtues  in  an  eminent 
degree,  and  bis  Ijeneficenco  was  very  extensive."' 

See  Bioj;.  Brit. ;  Whistou'a  Life;  Coxe's  Life  of  Walpole; 
Censura  Literaria. 

Gibson,  Francis.  1.  Strearashall  Abbey;  a  Play, 
1800,  8vo.  2.  Mem.  of  the  Bastile,  1S02,  8vo.  3.  Con. 
to  Archwol.,  1792. 

Gibson,  Henry.     Con.  to  Med.  Olis.  and  Inq.,  1770. 

Gibson,  James.  Jour,  of  the  Siege  of  Cape  Breton, 
1745.  8vo. 

Gibson,  James.     Theolog.  treatises,  A-c,  1830,  &c. 

Gibson,  John.     Ills  Catechisme.  Lon.,  1579,  8vo. 

Gibson,  John,  D.D.     Serm.,  1719,  8vo. 

Gibson,  John.     Serm.,  1727,  8vo. 

Gibson,  John.     Serm.,  Edin.,  1762,  8vo. 

Gibson,  John.     Serm.,  Edin.,  l7tiS,  8vo. 

Gibson,  John,  M.D.  1.  The  Fruit  Gardener,  Lon., 
1768,  8vo.  Anon.  Doubtful.  2.  Fevers,  1769,  Svo.  3.  The 
Principal  Elements:  or,  Primary  Particles  of  Bodies  in- 
quired into,  <tc.,1772,8vo.  4.  Bilious  Diseases, &c., 1799, 8vo. 

Gibson,  John.     Midwifery,  Colches.,  1773.  12mo. 

Gibson,  John.     Odes  and  other  Poems,  1818,  Svo. 

Gibson,  John.     Serms.,  ic.,  1837,  &c. 

Gibson,  Joseph.     Con.  to  Ed.  Med.  Ess.,  1731. 

Gibson,  Joseph.  Hist,  of  Glasgow,  Glasg.,  1777,  Svo. 

Gibson,  Rev.  Kennet.  Comment,  upon  part  of  the 
6th  .Jour,  of  Antoninus  tlirough  Britain,  Lon.,  1800,  4to. 
Postb.  ;  ed.  and  enlar;;ed  by  Richard  Gough. 

Gibson,  Leonard.  Tower  of  Trustinesse,  Lon., 
16nio.  fi!uie  aitni>.     In  verse  and  prose. 

Gibson,  Matthew.  Churches  of  Door,  Hume-Lacy, 
and  Ilein|isted,  Lon.,  1727,  4to. 

Gibson,  Robert.  Land  Surveying,  Lon.,  1767,  Svo. 
New  ed.  by  M.  Trotter,  1860,  Svo. 

Gibson,  Samuel.     Serms.,  1645,  1709. 

Gibson,  T.,  of  St.  Matthew's,  Bethnal  Green.  Lects. 
on  the  Hist,  of  Joseph.  Lon.,  1853,  Svo. 

"  Useful  inform.ition.  pleasing  des<Tiption,  and  faithful  teaching 
are  c(*iiibiiied  in  tllese  Lectures." — Jour,  of  Sacred  Lit.,  Oct.  185^. 

Gibson,  T.  A.     Educational  works,  Lon.,  1840,  &c. 

Gibson,  Thomas,  d.  1562,  a  learned  printer  and 
physician,  wrote  several  medical  ,and  theolog.  works.  He 
was  a  warm  friend  to  the  Reformation.  See  Tanner ;  Bale ; 
Athen.  O.xon. ;  Aikin's  Biog.  Mem.  of  Med. 

Gibson,  Thomas.     Serms.,  1584,  1618. 

Gibson,  Thomas.     Syntaxis  Matbematica,  1655. 

Gibson,  Thomas,  M.D.  Anatomy  of  Human  Bodies 
Epitomized,  Lcm.,  1682,  '84,  '88,  '97,  1703,  Svo. 

Gibson,  Thomas.     An  Ode,  Lon.,  1755,  4to. 

Gibson,  W.     Tythes,  1673,  4to. 

Gibson,  W.  S.,  has  pub.  several  works  on  Geology, 
Topography,  Literary  History,  Ac,  Lon.,  1840-54.  His 
work  On  the  Mediaeval  Writers  of  English  History  was  pub. 
in  1848,  Svo. 

Gibson,  Capt.  Walter  M.  The  Prison  of  Weltevro- 
den;  or,  a  Glauce  at  the  East  Indian  Archipelago.  Capt.  G. 
here  gives  an  account  of  his  adventures  aud  his  imprison- 
ment l)y  the  Dutch.    See  Putnam's  Mag.,  Dec.  1855.  p.  651. 

Gibson,  Westby.  Forest  and  Fireside  Hours;  Ori- 
ginal Poems,  3d  ed.,  Lon.,  1855. 

"  Worthy  of  distinguished  notice." — Lon.  Literary  Gazette. 

Gibson,  Wni.     Works  on  farriery,  Lon.,  1720-55. 

Gibson,  \Vm.     Poetical  works,  Lon.,  1772-81. 

Gibson,  Wni.  1.  Elidure  and  Ella;  a  Cambrian  Tale, 
Ac,  Lon.,  1805.     2.  Stone  Cross;  in  Archseol.,  1803. 

Gidile,  or  Gedde,  Walter.  1.  Draughts  for  Gar- 
deners, Glasiers,  and  Plaisterers,  Lon.,  1615,  4to.  New  ed., 
with  addits.,  117  Plates,  edited  by  H.  Shaw,  1848,  Svo. 
2.  The  Matnier  how  to  Anneile,  or  Paint  in  Glass.  1616,  4to. 

GidUings,  Joshua  R.,  for  twenty  years  a  Representa- 
tive ot  the  State  of  Ohio  in  the  Congress  of  the  U.S.  The 
Exiles  of  Florida.  Columbus,  Ohio,  1858,  12mo.  Reviewed 
by  Josiah  t^iiincy,  in  Atlantic  Monthly. 

Giddy,  Davies.     See  Gilbert,  D.ivies. 

GiesecKe,  Prof.     Mineral  System,  Dubl.,  1815,  Svo. 

Gitl'ard,  Dr.,  a  native  of  Ireland,  editor  of  the  St. 
James's  Chronicle,  1819-27;  of  the  London  Standard, 
1827,  to  the  present  time,  (1855.)  Dr.  G.  is  a  warm  sup- 
porter of  Protestant  interests  in  Ireland. 

Gitfard,  B.  Serms.  in  (vol.  ii.  153)  Catholick  Serms., 
Lon.,  1741.  2  vols.  Svo. 

Gitlard,  Edward.  1.  A  visit  to  the  Ionian  Islands, 
Athens,  and  the  Morea,  Lon.,  1837,  p.  Svo. 

"  .\lr- tJiltard's  work  is  very  creditable  to  its  author." — Lon. 
Qltar.  Iter. 

2.  Deeds  of  Naval  Daring,  1852,  fp.  Svo  ;  2d  Series,  1S54. 
666 


Giffard,  Francis.     Serms.,  16S1,  4to. 

Gitfard,  George.     See  GvFP.\ni>. 

Gilfard,  Ilardinge.     Ode  for  Oct.  25,  1809,  I2mo. 

Gitfard,  John.     Family  Religion,  Lon.,  1713,  '15. 

Gilfard,  John.     See  Giffobd. 

Gitlard,  Wm.  I.  325  Cases  in  Midwifery;  revised 
and  jmb.  by  Edward  Hody,  M.D.,  Lon.,  1734,  4to.  2.  Con. 
to  Phil.  Trans.,  1726,  '30. 

Gilford.  Dissert,  on  the  Song  of  Solomon  and  a  poet, 
version,  Lon.,  1751,  Svo.  Anon. 

'•  The  writer  considers  the  poem  as  a  pastoral,  composed  by  Solo- 
mon for  the  amusement  of  his  li^'hter  hours,  shortly  after  his  nup- 
tials with  I'haraoh's  dau'ihter." — Ormc's  Bibl.  Bib. 

Gilford,  Andrew,  D.D.,  1700-1784,  a  Baptist  minis- 
ter and  noted  antiquary.  1.  Serm.,  1733,  8vo.  2.  Tables 
of  Eng.  Silver  and  Gold  Coins,  Lon.,  1763,  2  vols.4to; 
1772,  4to.  See  Folkes,  M.irtin.  3.  Serm.,  1784.  See 
Nichols's  Lit.  Anec. ;  Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  vol,  liv. 

Gilford,  Archer,  of  Newark,  N.  Jersey.  1.  N.  Jersey 
Statutory  Constructions,  Newark,  1852,  r.  Svo.  2.  N.Jer- 
sey Statutory  Index,  1852,  r.  Svo.  3.  Unison  of  the  Liturgy  : 
vol.  i..  1S56,  12mo:  vol.  ii.  is  ready  for  the  press,  (1S58.) 

Gilford,  Bonaventura,  D.D.     Serm.,  1687,  4to. 

Gilford,  C  II.  Hist,  of  the  Wars  occasioned  by  the 
French  Revolution,  Lon.,  1816, 4to.  A  good  subject.  See 
Clifford,  Rob. 

••  In  little  estimation." — LmuncUs^i  Bibl.  Man. 

Giflord,  E.  Castleton.  France  and  England;  or, 
Scenes  in  each,  Lon.,  1815,  2  vols.  12mo. 

Gill'ord,  George.     Mystery  of  Providence,  1695. 

Gilford,  Humirey.  A  Posie  of  Gilloflowers,  eche 
differing  from  other  in  Colour  and  Odour,  yet  all  sweete, 
Lon.,  1580,  4to. 

"The  only  known  copy  of  this  book  is  in  the  royal  library." — 
Lowni/es^a  liihl.  Man. 

"This  very  same  volume  contains  prose  translations  from  the 
Italian  and  French,  and  a  collection  of  poems,  devotional,  moral, 
and  narrative.  Gifford  wrote  with  great  facility,  as  will  appear 
horn  the  fallowing  specimens." — EHis's  .'<ptcimcns. 

Giflord,  James.  1.  Unity  of  God,  5th  ed.,  Lon., 
1815.  Svo.     2.  Remonstrance  of  a  Unitarian,  1818,  Svo. 

Gilford,  John.  De  Ratione  Alendi  Ministros  Evan- 
gelicus.  et  Querela  et  Mystarum  Calamitatibus,  Hamb., 
1619,  Svo. 

Gilford,  John,  1758-1818,  whose  real  name  was  John 
Richards  Green,  assisted  in  the  establishment  of  the 
British  Critic,  1793,  and  the  Anti-Jacobin  Review,  1798, 
and  pub.  a  number  of  historical  and  political  works,  among 
which  are,  1.  Hist,  of  France,  trans,  from  several  French 
authors,  Lon.,  1791-94,  5  vols.  4to.  2.  Reign  of  Louis 
XVL,  and  Hist,  of  the  French  Revolution,  1794,  '96,  4to. 

3.  Narrative  of  the  Transac.  rel.  to  Louis  XVI.,  1795,  4to. 

4.  Residence  in  France  in  1792-95,  in  Letters  from  an  Eng- 
lish Lady,  1797,  2  vols.  Svo;  3  eds.  pub.  Not  written,  but 
pub.,  by  Gifibrd. 

"  It  is  only  justice  to  say,  that  the  style  is  as  polished  as  the 
matter  is  interesting  and  important;  nor  have  we  any  doubt  that 
the  book  will  remain  a  permanent  monument  of  the  taste  and 
talents  of  the  writer." — Britis/t  Critic.  April,  1797. 

5.  Hist,  of  the  Polit.  Life  of  the  Rt.  Hon.  Wm.  Pitt,  1809, 
3  vols.  r.  4to,  and  also  in  6  vols.  Svo.  For  his  defence  of 
the  government,  Gifford  was  made  a  police  magistrate  and 
rewarded  with  a  pension.  See  an  account  of  Gifford  and 
his  works,  several  of  which  were  trans,  from  the  French, 
in  the  Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  March  and  May,  1818. 

"  Mr.  Gilford's  great  erudition  has  elevated  him  to  the  first  rank 
of  modern  authors,  and  several  of  the  productions  of  his  pen  are 
standard  works,  and  very  justly  considered  of  sterling  worth,  be- 
ing published  on  a  great  variety  of  political  subjects.'" — Lon.  GeiU. 
Mag..  Marcli,  1818. 

Gilford,  John.  English  Lawyer;  or,  Every  Man  his 
own  Lawyer.  Lon.,  1827,  Svo. 

Gilford,  Richard,  d.  1807,  aged  82,  Rector  of  North 
Okendon,  Essex,  1772,  wrote  Remarks  on  Kennicott's  Dis- 
sert, on  the  Tree  of  Life  in  Paradise;  Contemplation,  a 
Poem  ;  Outlines  of  an  Answer  to  Dr.  Priestley's  Disquisi- 
tions on  Matter  and  Spirit. 

Gifford,  William.  De  Turco-Papismo  contra  Re- 
ginald! et  Giffordi  Calvino-Turcisinum,  Lon.,  1599,  fol. 

Gifford,  William,  1756-1826,  an  eminent  critic,  a 
native  of  Ashburton,  Devon,  was  the  son  of  poor  parents, 
who  left  him  an  orphan  before  ho  had  attained  his  13th 
year.  The  youth  tried  the  sea  for  a  short  time  in  a  coast- 
ing-vessel, and  was  subsequently  bound  to  a  shoemaker, 
with  whom  he  remained  until  he  had  almost  reached  the 
ago  of  twenty,  when  he  was  sent  to  Oxford  by  the  kind 
offices  of  Mr.  Cookesley,  a  surgeon  of  the  town.  After 
leaving  college,  he  travelled  in  Europe  as  companion  to 
Lord  Belgrave,  and  on  his  return  settled  in  London  and 
devoted  his  attention  to  literature. 


GIF 


In  1794  he  pub.  the  B.-iviad,  a  poetical  satire,  in  imita- 
tion of  the  tirst  satire  ol  Persius,— elicited  by  the  effusions 
of  Mrs.  Pio/.zi,  Bertie  Oreatheae.  Robert  Merry,  William 
Parsons,  Ac.  The  history  of  the  literary  party  at  Florence 
is  familiar  to  many  of  our  readers.  In  Uili  appeared  his 
Mseviad,  an  imitation  of  Horace,  which  was  aimed  at  the 
low  state  of  dramatic  authorship  then  prevailing.  These 
satires  were  so  greatly  admired  tliat  the  6th  ed.  of  the  two 
was  pub.  in  1801),  in  a  12mo  vol.  In  17a7  he  became  editor 
of  the  Anti-Jacobin,  a  weekly  paper,  established  by  Mr. 
Canning  and  otlier  gentlemen.  During  the  twelvemonth 
of  the  e.Kistence  of  this  paper,  a  difficulty  with  Dr.  Wolcot 
elicited  from  Uifford  a  poetical  Epistle  to  Peter  Pindar. 
In  18112,  4to,  he  pub.  a  trans,  of  Juvenal,  and  in  the  ne.\t 
year  issued  an  E.tamination  of  the  Strictures  of  the  Criti- 
cal Reviewers  on  this  trans. ;  a  Supp.  to  the  E.Namination 
was  pub.  in  1S04.  In  1S05,  4  vols.  8vo,  appeared  his  ex- 
cellent ed.  of  Massinger,  and  in  1S16  he  gave  to  the  world 
an  ed.  of  Ben  Jonson,  9  vols.  8vo.  His  eds.  of  Ford  and 
Shirley,  completed  by  other  hands,  were  pub.  after  his  death, 
the  first  in  1S27,  2  vols.  Svo,  and  the  latter  in  ISoo,  6  vols. 
Svo. 

But  it  was  as  editor  of  the  Quarterly  Review,  from  its 
commencemenl  in  ISO'J  until  1824,  that  Mr.  Gifford  is  best 
knovvu  to  tlie  world.  Many  interesting  particulars  con- 
nected with  the  editor,  and  this  famous  periodical,  will  be 
found  in  Lockhart's  Life  of  Scott,  Southey's  Life  and  Cor- 
respondence, and  other  literary  memoirs  connected  with 
the  earlier  years  of  the  present  century.  He  pub 
trans,  of  Juvenal,  1802,  an  autobiographical  narrative, 
which  is  well  worth  perusal  as  an  indication  of  what  can 
he  accomplished  by  persevering  industry.  A  list  of  the 
authors  of  many  of  the  contributions  to  the  Quarterly  oc- 
curs in  the  Gent.  Mag.: 

1844,  Pt.  1,  137-141,  Writers  in  Vol, 

1844,  "       677-680,         "         " 

1845,  "      599-602,         "         " 
1847,  Pt.  2,    34-  37, 

See  also  a  paper  on  the  originators  of  the  Quarterly,  in 
Gent.  Mag.,  1844,  Pt.  1,  p.  246. 

Giffurd's  trans,  of  Juvenal  has  been  pronounced  to  be 
the  "  best  poetical  version  of  a  classic  in  the  English  lan- 
guage," wliilst  Mr.  Hazlitt  declares  it  to  be  "  the  baldest, 
and,  in  parts,  the  most  offensive  of  all  others." 

It  is  well  known  that  the  reviewer  displayed  hut  little 
mercy  to  unfortunate  authors  whose  works  failed  to  secure 
bis  approbation. 

"  Ue  «as  a  m.in  with  whom  I  had  no  literary  sympathies;  perhaps 
there  was  nothinj;  upon  which  we  ajrreed  except  great  political 
questions.  ...  lie  had  a  heart  lull  of  Idudness  lor  all  living  crea- 
tures except  authors;  (/itm  he  regarded  as  a  fishmonger  regards 
eels,  or  as  Isaac  Walton  did  slugs,  worms,  and  frogs.  I  always 
protested  agaiust  the  indulgence  of  that  temper  in  his  Review."— 
Southrys  Lift  und  Ctiritip.  ^      j.      ,,    .        n 

'■>Ir.  Gifford  was  originally  bred  to  some  handicraft;  he  after- 
wards contrived  to  learn  Latin,  and  was  for  some  time  an  usher  in 
a  school,  till  he  became  a  tutor  in  a  noVlemau's  family.  The  low- 
bred, self-taught  man,  the  pedant,  and  the  dependant  on  the  great, 

contribute  to  form  the  editor  of  the  Quarterly  Ueview Mr. 

Gifford.  as  a  satirist,  is  violent  and  abrupt,  lie  tidies  obvious  or 
physical  defects,  and  dwells  upim  them  with  much  labour  and 
harshness  of  invective,  but  with  ver)  little  wit  or  spirit.  lie  ex- 
presses a  great  deal  of  anger  and  contempt,  but  you  cannot  tell 
very  well  why— except  that  he  seems  to  be  sore  and  outof  humour. 
His  satire  is  mere  peevishness  and  spleen,  or  something  worse — 
person.ll  antipathy  and  rancour.  We  are  in  quite  as  much  pain 
for  the  writer,  as  lor  the  abject  of  his  resentment.  ...  As  an  editor 
of  old  authors.  Mr.  Uifford  is  entitled  to  considerable  praise  for  the 
pains  he  has  taken  iu  re\  isiug  the  text,  and  for  some  impi  ovements 
he  has  introduced  into  it.  lie  had  better  have  spared  the  notes, 
in  which,  though  he  has  delected  the  blunders  of  pievious  com- 
mentators, he  has  expf  scd  his  own  ill-temper  .ind  narrowness  of 
feeling  more.  Asacritic,  he  has  thrown  no  light  on  the  character 
and  s'Jiirit  of  his  authors.  He  has  shown  no  strking  power  of 
analysis,  nor  of  original  illustration,  though  he  has  chosen  to  ex- 
ercise his  pen  on  wiiters  most  congenial  to  his  own  turn  of  mind 
from  their  dry  and  caustic  wit:  Massinger  and  Ben  Jonson. 
What  he  will  malie  of  Marlowe,  it  is  difficult  to  guess. 


GIL 

could  he  but  have  suppressed  his  rancours  against  those  who  had 
preceded  him  in  the  task;  hut  a  niiscoustruclion  or  misiuteipreta- 
tioii,  nay,  the  misplacing  of  a  comma,  was  in  Uillord's  eyes  a  crime 
worthy  of  the  most  severe  .-inimadvcisidu.  Tile  same  fault  of  ex- 
treme severity  went  through  his  critical  lat.ours.  and  iu  general 
he  liagellated  with  so  little  pity,  that  people  lost  thiir  sense  of  the 
criminals  guilt  in  dislike  of  the  savage  pleasure  which  ihe  execu- 
tioner seemed  to  take  in  intlicting  the  punishment,  'this  lack  of 
temper  probably  arose  from  iudilTerent  health,  for  he  was  very 
valetudinary,  and  realized  two  verses,  wheiein  he  says  I'ortune 
assigned  him 

"  ■  One  eye  not  over  good, 
Two  sides  that  to  their  cost  have  stood 

A  ten  years'  hectic  cough, 
Aches,  stitches,  all  the  various  ills 
That  swell  the  devilish  doctor's  bills, 
And  sweep  poor  mortals  off.' 
"But  he  might  also  justly  claim,  as  his  gift,  the  moral  qualities 
expressed  in  the  next  fine  stanza — 

"  *  A  soul 
That  spurns  the  crowd's  malign  control,    . 

.\  firm  contempt  of  wrong; 
Spirits  above  affection's  power. 
And  skill  to  soothe  the  lingering  hour 
With  no  inglorious  song.' 
"He  was  a  little  man.  dumpled  up  together,  and  so  ill-mado  as 
to  SCI  1.1  nl^Lli^t  .l.lnrnied.  but  with  a  singular  expres.sion  of  talent 
in  iii-^  cnuiit.niao.e."— .Wr  Walter  .S'coH's  Hunii.  Jamiury  17,  1S27. 

'■  W  illiam  laib.rd.  the  editor  of  the  Quarterly  Keview.  seems  to 
have  united  in  himself  all  the  bad  qualities  of  the  criticism  of  his 
time.  He  was  fierce,  dogmatic,  bigoted,  libellous,  and  un.sympa- 
thi/.ing.  W  hatever  may  have  been  his  talents,  they  were  exqui- 
sitely unfitted  for  his  position— his  literary  judgments  being  con- 
temptible, where  any  sense  of  beauty  was  required,  and  principally 
with  his  I  distinguished  for  malice  and  word-picking.    The  bitter  and  snarl 


l.-xi.'i. 
xxi.-xxxix. 

xli.-lix. 
Ixi.-lxxviii. 


rng'spirit  with  which  he  commented  on  excellence  he  could  not 
appreciate;  the  extreme  narrowness  and  shallowness  of  his  taste; 
the  laboured  blackguardism  in  which  he  was  wont  to  indulge, 
under  the  impres'i'U  that  it  was  satire;  his  detestable  habit  of 
carrying  his  politi.-al  hatreds  into  literary  criticism;  his  gross  per- 
sonal athacks  on  Hunt.  Hazlitt,  and  others,  who  might  happen  to 
profess  less  illiberal  principles  than  his  own;  made  him  a  danger- 
ous and  disagreeable  adversary,  and  one  of  the  worst  ciilics  of 
modern  times.  Through  his  position  as  the  editor  of  an  influential 
journal,  his  enmity  acquired  an  importance  neither  due  to  his  ta- 
lents nor  his  character."— E.  P.  Whipple:  N.  Amer.  Hev.,  Ixi.  489- 
490;  07)d  in  Itis  tysat/s  and  Ifevitws. 

ClilTorile,  George.     See  (jYffahd. 
Gihon,  John  II.,  M.D.,  Johu  Soule,  and  James 
Nisbet.     Annals  of  San  Francisco,  X.  Yolk,  1856,  Svo. 

'•This  noble  vtilume  contains  by  far  the  most  satisfactory  his- 
tor>'.  not  only  of  8an  Francisco,  but  of  California,  that  we  have 
met  with." 

Gil.     Sco  Gilt,. 

Gilbaiik,  Joseph,  Jr.  Scrm.,  1779,  4to. 
Gilbaiik,  W.  Serins.,  poein,  Ac,  177.3-1804. 
Gilbtirt,  James  H'illiam,  General  Manager  of  the 
London  and  Westminster  Bank.  1.  A  Practical  Treatise 
on  Banking,  Lon.,  1827,  Svo;  6th  ed.,  1849,  2  vols.  Svo. 
The  6th  ed.,  in  2  vols.  12mo,  is  now  (Nov.  1855)  in  the 
press.  Reprinted,  edited  by  J.  Smith  Homans  of  Boston, 
N.  York,  1861,  Svo;  Phila.,  1864,  Svo. 

"  The  work  in  its  present  form  [.5th  ed.]  is  far  more  comprehen- 
sive than  any  of  the  previous  editions,  and  embraces  a  great  va- 
riety of  topics  of  great  interest  to  bankers." — Lmi.  Bankei^n  Mug.; 
and'  see  N.  Amer.  Itev..  Ixxiii.  270. 

2.  Hist,  and  Principles  of  Banking,  Lon.,  1834,  Svo;  2d 
ed.,  1835.  3.  Banking  in  Ireland,  1S36,  Svo.  4.  Bank- 
ing in  America,  1837,  Svo.  5.  Causes  of  Pressure  on  the 
Money  Market,  1840,  Svo.  6.  LecL  on  the  Hist,  and  Prin- 
ciples of  Ancient  Commerce,  1847,  p.  8vo ;  2d  ed.,  1853. 
7.  The  Elements  of  Banking,  1862.  12ino;  2d  ed.,  1854, 
12mo.     8.  Logic  for  the  Million,  4th  ed.,  1854,  12ino. 

'•  .Mr.  Gilbart's  works  on  Banking  have  attained  a  just  celebrity." 
— Lon.  Ecotiomist. 

Also   highly  commended   by  the  Spectator,  Atlas,  &c. 
Mr.  McCulloch   objects    to  Gilbart's  partiality  for  joint- 
stock  banks,  &c.,  but  acknowledges — what  indeed  it  would 
I  be  fully  to  dispute — that  his  publications 

"Contain  much  useful  information,  presented  in  a  clear,  com- 
pendious form."— i//.  nf  Bid.  Bun.,  q.  v. 
,.u„o„,.  No  American  banker — no   banker  of  any  country,  in- 

Ile  has  I  deed — should  fail   to  carefully  peruse  and  reperu.se  the 


none  of  ■  I  he  fiery  quality'  of  the  poet. '— WojlifCs  .S/arit  nj  lite  Arje. 

"He  was  a  man  of  extensive  knowledge;  was  well  acquainted 
with  classic  and  (dd  Knglish  lore;  so  learned,  that  he  considered 
all  other  people  ignorant;  so  wise,  that  he  was  seldom  pleased  with 
any  thing;  and.  as  he  had  not  risen  to  much  eminence  in  the 
world,  he  thought  no  one  else  was  worthy  to  rise.  He  almost 
rivalled  Jeffrey  in  wit.  and  he  surpassed  him  in  scorching  sarcasm 
and  crucifying  irony.  Jeffrey  wrote  with  a  sort  of  levity  which 
indu  ed  men  to  doubt  if  he  were  sincere  in  his  strictures :  Gifford 
wrote  with  an  earnest  fierceness  which  showed  the  delight  which 
he  took  in  his  calling."— AL1.AX  Ctis.MS0B.\M :  Bmg.  and  Crit.  Hist, 
of  the  Lit.  of  tlie  lust  Fifty  Years. 

"lie  was  a  man  of  rare  attainments  and  many  e.xcellent  quali- 
ties His  Juvenal  is  one  of  the  best  versions  ever  made  of  a 
classical  author,  and  his  .satire  of  the  Baviad  and  Mwviad  squa- 
bashed  at  one  blow  a  set  of  coxcombs,  who  might  have  humbug- 
ged the  world  long  enough.    As  a  commentator  he  was  capital, 


works  of  this  intelligent  member  of  the  profession. 

Gilbart,   Thomas.      Lectures  on    the  Holy  Bible, 
with  Notes,  Dnhl..  1820,  Svo. 
"A  man  ol  rare  genius  .and  profound  learning."— Ch/iprcj.  Mai;. 

Gilbart,  Thomas.     See  GiLiiKnT. 

Gilbee,  Earle,  D.D.    See  Wilks,  Matthew. 

Gilbert,  Mrs.  Aune.  1.  Hymns  for  Infant  Minds. 
2.  Seven  Blessings  fur  Little  Children. 

"  It  would  really  constitute  a  pcifect  blessing,  if  little  children 
were  early  indjued  with  the  sentiments  so  beautifully  expi-essed 
In  this  little  work.  It  is  worthy  of  the  gifted  authoress,  whose 
avocation  of  writing  for  little  children  we  reckon  to  be  one  of  the 
highest  and  noblest." — .Sottish  Covgrryational  Moffazine. 

3.  The  Convalescent,  in  12  Letters,  1839,  fp.  Svo.  New 
ed.,  1840. 


GIL 

could  .varo-lv  l^"BokeS  '/^f.h'P"'-"'^ '°  "^  ma.iner.  and  «ri,ii.h 

of  fhe  C^nn',     Vr      "'^';'  .^"P-'S-  ='°'l  H"='Id.  Survey 

r     hPr,'  ^'"".le-  Theoloij.  treatises.  Lon..  1657-S3. 
ic5^  '■^''"**'  ""■'ginollT    named    Giddv,    1767- 

Sod<;,v"m,h'"A"p,'""'2"-'"'-'''  ••"'''  P^^identof  the  Royal 
r.n!!-  "^^  1 "  D  '^',V  ^'^"=">';ut  of  tl.e  Bullion  Quest  on 
(answered  by  Baufill  and  Rutherford)  and  edited  Wm 
Joi-dan  s  {trans,  by  John  Keigwin)  Creation  of  the  World! 
and  some  other  Cornish  productions.  He  contributed  some 
papers  o,i  Cornish  topography,  ic,  to  the  -Antiquarian  So- 

f.^'  •'!'' Vf /ys  to  the  transactions  of  other  bodies,  Ac       I 
f„r  .hfi"  V  "''T  *""*  ""Sht  to  be  perpetuated  in  marble  ' 

for    he  honour  of  mathematics.    Such  a  forVhead  I  never    ™'-_ 
Saulh,y,Lifia„da.rre.<p.    See  an  interesMnj  memoir  of  Drvies 
andan  account  of  his  literary  labours,  in  Lon.  Gent.  Ma^    Feb  Tsw    j 
Gilbert,  Eleazer.     News  from  Poland  of  the  Cruel 

mf's™  •"    '^'"'^^  "=•■''""  "'"  P'-"'«-''a''ts.  w, 

Gilbert.  E.  W.      Bills  of  Costs,  Ac.  in  Cis  of  O   R 

Gi  belt,  FoUot.     See  FoLioT,  Gilbert. 

Gilbert,  Sir  Geoffrey  or  Jeffrav,  IGrHT'e 
Ch.et  Baron  of  the  E.«heqner  in  Ireland.'lTlo  o^  716 
and  ,n  England  1725.  left  many  valuable  JISS..  mo'  of 
which   were    subsequently  published.       1.  Rep    Ca<es   in 

vols  in  Ibmo,  Dub  1,06;  Lon..  175S.  3.  Hist,  and  Prac 
of  Chancery,  17oS.  4.  Of  tl.e  Exchequer.  175S  "59  Svo' 
5.  Rents,  17oS,  Svo.  6.  Cases  in  Law  aniEquity  Um' 
?™;   J- ^=^"™'ions.  1763,  Svo.     S.  Devise.    4e     3d  ed 

,03.  Svo.     9.  Civil  Actions  in  C.  Picas,  3d    d  ,  iV/if  it' 
10   Ejectment.,   2d  ed.,   with  addits.   by  C.  Runniligton; 
i      ,'  ''1°-     ^l-  Evidence,  ic,  5th  ed.,  by  Lofft,  1791-96 
4  vols.  Svo.      In  addit.  to  the  treatise  on   EWdence  this 
ed.  contains  Gilbert's  abstract  of  Locke  on  the  UndersVnd 
in^,  and  also  (pub.  Lon.,  1752.  Svo)  an  argument  on  Ho: 
m.cide,  and  an  account  of  the  .author;  6th  ed.  of  the  trea 
s™  ""if  l^'^"'"'  .V-  ^'=''s>vick,  ISOI.  Svo  ;  Phi  a.  IS  ,5, 
Sio.     12.  Ises  and  Trusts.  3d  ed    bv  F  R  «„„i„   r 
ISn,  Svo      ,3.  Distress  and  Repie4    4^h'ed'  w' W  j' 
}^l^^:]f^h  ^'"^     »•  Tenures,  4tJi  ed.,  by  C   Watkin. 

fr'..;  1  '  **™-     ^'""  opinions  on  the  works  of  this 

Com-       Ke^Pfc''"  T^","''^^  '"  '^'■•'^'^•^  Com.;  Ba 
k"      ;   lY   \^  ^"°'-'    I^itler  and    Hargrave's    Co    Lit.- 
Xincr's  Abrdjit. ;  Clarke's  Rib    T  »„         i  ■^'>:'>    "-o.  i,l^, 
„  Yf  „o     .v    o^- '   ^ ''•rive  s  liiD.  -Leg.,    naesuti. 

tisef  ^t',''''  ?"'•  ^"'.''■"f  "f'-^ious  eds.  of  Jeffrav's  trea- 
tises. It  ,s  known  that  Bacon's  Abridgment,  as  oHgiualry 
pub.  was  pnnc.pally  founded  on  Bnr.Tn  Gilbert's  JISS  ^ 
of  Q  w  !i  '  %"ii»>^Pbrey,  1539-15S3,  a  half-bro"her 
of  S,r  Walter  Raleigh,  a  soldier  and  an  en t;rprisin»^  navi- 
gator was  lost  at  sea  on  his  return  from  IsLwrouSdhnd 

EliT  'i"m  '"  '/?;'•  '"^  '"""^  "°^-"«-'-™  ■»  ">'=  name  of  Queen' 
Elizabeth.     A  Discourse  of  a  Discouerie  for  a  new  Pas    , 
sage  ,0  Cathaia  and  the  East  Indies,  Lon.,  1576,  4to      Re:  I 
printed  in  Hakluvts  Voyat'cs  '",  »™.     xve-  , 

^See  also  Biog.  Brit.,  Bibl.  Brit.,  and  Lowndes's  Bibl. 

Gilbert,  James,  is  well  known  as  the  author  of  a 
lumber  of  vn  iioi.io  ,,....1-.  „_  ,. ,       Jr    .""'"or  01  a 


GIL 


number  ol  valuable  works  on  Geography,  Geology,  Politi 
cal  tconomy,  &c.,  pub.  Lon.,  1S3S-5] 

Gilbert,  John.     Theolog.  treatises,  16S6-1706 

on^  Sam   x'vf  "1   "^^0"°^  "'  ^'•-■^t'-'^^-  ^^on.    1.  Scrms. 
Dis'C  K24"  ;-o;     ^- ^^  ^''■"- ^"- '' "99,  4to.     3.  Prac. 

trans  "?!'■«' i^f*''"'  f:^'"''  ^'"^"'^  of  ""-daff,  1740; 
trans,   to   Salisbury,    174S;    Archbishop  of  York    1757 
Occas   Serm.v..  1724.  '42.  '43,  '44,  '45.  '46  ' 

Gilbert,  John.     Serms.,  1744,  '46,  Svo 

His^'l^^'T"'  ''"''"•      Chronological  Pictures  of  English 
liistory,  Lon.,  in  parts.  .""onou 


and  a  work  on  the  Christian  Atonement,  (Third  Series  of 
.  the  Congregational  Lectures,)  Lon..  Svo  1S36  'i'  %4 
which  has  been  highly  commended.  See  Br  l^h  Critic' 
X.X1.  450;  and  also  a  Biographical  Sketch  of  Vr-iht' 
by  his  widow,  1S53,  rmS     '  '^''  "'  ^"^  l"'bert, 

i       rilheri'  ?»«'»«"*«"•'    Serm.,  Lon.,  1S05,  Svo 
Gi  bert,  Uobert.     Serms.,  Lon.,  1756   '59 

l|:  .•;:,s,sr'',Jr=i>-"."- 

Sv^    ?\-  '  ^''^'-  ■f'>""'»*-     1-  The  Poor.  Lon    1775 

sS  t:^:  ^■"^^=- '" «°"™-  PMi^iptvofrge-tVN: 

religious  poem.  ^  '*  a 

dsmU7,rlmos"o''p,nSl''rS---^^'?''„"P'™'t«''  -«•'  1*»^ 

?^^^s?]^S.---™p-^-?^'£i^*'wSS"X^i^ 

Gilmer!:  rGi^^^S^f^'^lIfi^-  .  , 
great  repuUition  at  home^ind  a'/road  bV  hi^di.covfrTo'f 
some  0    the  properties  of  the  loadstone.  De  Ma  il 

MSS.  by  Sir  Wm  Bo"  vdl      P>t    ■        '"'• '  ''"''■  '■■"'"  '''^ 

brated  'phMoso;:;.?" ^nt '-his'^ri  rugtrj' Bio'^'V^h 

!  workt^\h:r<;n^r"-  ^-''^■"•^  "'^'-  -^  ^--      His 

:  jec';  Wo'-.^'iris'Hmi'ral  iftSe  n'l^^'t'i:"*^^"  """™  <"■  •"••"  -b- 
subject;  and  mav  not  u.  justh  W  sTfl''i'[r'''"""  ""  ""'^  •^^"'™"^ 

of  .t- p;.!!?;\stf"^b,r4l';^'.'"iV■■';/r"''„'■^""'=''  n'-™- 

A„.cr  andl'rovid^lceH/ai^'""'-  -^'-  ^^'^■"'"11  s  Apok^i^  „/  (,„ 
^'^tfifariiT/  "!«''"''■"»'  ^OA."-Lord  Bacon's  AUvanc^ 
S^p.X'^-^f^^l^Sir''''' "'  ""^  I-Ostone."- 

Skill  ir/hU'isto^-^isfo^o';;'" '-  p"""^"'^''-^-'  «°<'  --^"Ue 

in  tit^Bru""""''  ^'"'"""''  ''"'^  -"^^  -">°ri'-^  cited 
Pjssa^of'^high  cr^/^S^^L't„!^»  -^i^-ta™ 

floJ;ilKl2it  if Ifcii-  J;Sl?i  ^r-^"^' 
'  ^S^:i::^rin^^^^''^^^'^""^^'^^^'^"'-^tS 

I  :t'^^;«  !v"^:p::rri-i:i:^-f?^Hnt  a 

appeared  uLer  the  title  :fL'aieaAnglican'a".'';rc°„m^ 
pendium  totus  Jledicinia;,  Genev     IfiOS  lV„      4  , 

CycfFrel'^l'll^^Uof'^Ph";:;;'  '°   "^    ^'S>a.u.;   Rees'a 

ph;i"ars!ii''£ftL'f;irTrf'LT„';"''""°'"'°^^°f'''-*™wa„ 

soiietimes.'iXrhrttn4its  who;''°ch"f  '"  ""'"  '""'''■'^; 
methods  recomu^'ode-db,  the  ancients  ••'""'''''""'  """  '"«="  '"« 

'tii^ri:^i::;irr-;-r'^"'°-  ^-  -*^-^ 

•i/r^r^'Vn!^-pi^ri^;v"^"'"^^'  ^''"-  *'="=•'  '^^^' 

in  Med.  and  Phts:  Jout  ls"oO        ""'  ^""^  '°   '''"''""''' 


GIL 

"A  book  whifh  will  claim  the  interest  of  English  readers  long 
beyond  the  uiere  season  and  occasion  of  its  appearauue."— ir«toi. 
Ji'ev.,  Oct.  ISoo. 

Gilchrist,  Ebenezer,  M.D.,  1707-1774,  an  eminent 
physician  of  Dumfries,  Scotland.  1.  On  tlie  Use  of  Sea 
Voyages  in  MeJicine,  Lon.,  1756,  8vo.     Reprinted,  1771. 

"  The  chiel  object  of  this  wmk  is  to  recommend  sea  Toya"es  in 
cases  of  consumption." — Bii.W  ^tt:  JJihl.  Br,'[,  ° 

2.  Nervous  Fever;  Ed.  Med.  Es.5.,  vols.  iv.  and  v.  He 
recommends  wine  and  opium.  3.  Con.  to  Ess.  Phys.  and 
Lit,  vols.  ii.  and  iii. 

"Few  physicians  of  the  last  century  have  been  more  successful 
in  the  exercise  of  their  profession,  or  have  contributed  more  to  the 
improvement  of  the  healing  art."     See  Encyc.  Urit. 

Gilchrist,  James.  1.  Serm.,  Lon.,  1812,  Svo.  2.  Lan- 
guage, &c.,  1814.  Svo.  3.  Rational  Philosophy,  1815,  Svo. 
4.  Philosophic  Etymology;  or.  Rational  Grammar,  1816 

Gilchrist,  James  P.  The  Origin  and  History  of 
Ordeals,  with  Chronological  Register  of  the  principal  Duels 
since  17611,  Lni,.,  1S21,  Svo.     See  S.ibine,  Lorenzo. 

Gilchrist,  Johu.  A  Collection  of  ancient  and  modern 
Scottish  BalUads,  Tales,  and  Songs;  with  E.fplan.  Notes 
and  Observations,  Edin.,  1816,  2  vols.  12mo. 

■•A  sensible  and  judicious  selection."— in,„„,A..,'sBiW.j)fan.. 

Gilchrist,JohiiBorth\vick,LL.D.,  I753-IS41,pnb. 
many  valuable  works  on  the  Hindostanee  language,  Ac  , 
for  a  list  of  which  see  liil.l.  BriL,and  Lowndes's  Bibl.Man! 

Gilchrist,  Octavius,  1779-1823,  a  native  of  Twick- 
enham, educated  at  Magd.alen  Coll.,  Ok(.  1.  E.vam.  of  the 
charges  of  Ben  Jonson's  enmity  towards  Shak.speare,  1808, 
Svo.  See  Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  Ix.^i.-;.  53.  2.  The  Poems  of 
Richard  Corbet.  Bishop  of  Norwich,  with  Notes  and  Life 
1808  Svo.  See  Lon.  Gent,  Mag.,  l.x.iviii.  1169.  3.  Letter 
to  W.  bifford  on  a  late  ed.  of  Ford's  Plays,  1811,  Svo.  See 
our  article  on  Ford,  John.  Mr.  Gilchrist  projected  (in  1S14) 
a  Select  Collection  of  Old  Plays,  in  15  vols.  Svo,  but  was 
deterred  from  publication  by  the  appearance  of  the  peri- 
odical series  entitled  Old  Plays.  An  article  of  Gilchrist's 
in  the  London  Magazine  elicited  a  warm  controversy  re- 
specting the  Life  and  Writings  of  Ale.tander  Pope.  See 
Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  sci.  291,  533;  .\ciii.  278. 

Gilchrist,  Paul.  Letter  to  Mr.  Saunders  on  the  Re- 
volution in  Russia,  Ac,  Lon.,  1762,  Svo. 

Gilchrist,  Peter.     On  the  Hair,  Lon.,  1770,  '87,  Svo 

Gildas,  or  Gilcliis,  surnamcd  the  Wise,  commences 
the  catalogue  of  Anglo-Sa.\on  writers.  He  is  said  to  have 
flourished  in  the  6th  century,  but  every  thing  concerning 
him,  and  even  the  existence  of  such  a  person,  is  involved 
m  doubt  and  obscurity.  We  must  refer  the  curious  reader 
to  Wright  s  Biog.  Brit.  Lit.,  and  the  authorities  there  cited. 
Iho  work  attributed  to  him  with  the  most  confidence  is  the 
Epistola  de  excidio  Britannia;,  et  castigatio  ordinis  eccle- 
siastica ;  first  ed.,  Lon.,  1525,  Svo,  and  several  eds.  since 
See  authorities  cited  above.  New  ed.,  by  Joseph  Steven- 
son, pub.  by  the  Historical  Society,  Lon.,  1838,  Svo.  Also 
pub.  a  new  trans,  with  the  works  of  Nennius,  by  J  A  Giles 
LL.D.,  1841,  Svo.  ' 

"Gildas's  work  gives  a  superfici.al  sketch  of  British  history  vn- 

?it'mLl°T«°''/°''f.T"J'  """^"'5  between  the  Britons  and 
the  Plots  and  Scots  and  the  Saxon  invasions;  and  also  an  account 
ol  the  vices  of  the  kings,  clergy,  and  laity  of  the  time.  This  work 
IS  supposed  to  have  been  written  about  i  D  6S1 
n'll.^'-^""^  contains  little  information,  even  if  it  be  authentic. 
It  IS  written  in  aii  luliated  style,  not  much  unlike  that  of  Aldhelm 
.  .  .there  is  no  independent  authority  now  existing  which  will 
fnmrL'.r  'ss  .'fa's  historical  truth  of  this  tract,  and  we  have  no 
information  relating  to  its  writer  which  merits  the  slightest  degree 
of  credit."     See  Wright's  liiog.  Brit.  Lit  ==i.uet,co 

Gilderdale,  John.  1.  Nat.  Religion,  Lorn,  1837,  Svo 
2.  Hist,  and  ChronoL.  4to.  3.  Family  Prayers,  1838,  12mo. 
Gilding,  Elizabeth.  Poems  and  Essays,  1776 
Gildon,  Charles,  1665-1723,  a  native  of"Gillingham, 
Dorsetshire,  gained  but  little  reputation  as  an  author,  and 
still  less  as  an  actor,  but  Pope  has  embalmed  him  in  the 
Dunciad.  In  1693  he  pub.,  with  an  introduction,  Charles 
Blount  s  Oracles  of  Reason,  and  subsequently,  in  1705  to 
atone  fur  this  publication,  he  gave  to  the  world  The  Deist's 
Manual  For  an  account  of  these  works  see  Leland's  De- 
istical  V.  Titers,  and  article  Blount,  Charles,  in  this 
volume.  He  also  pub.  Miscell.  Letters  and  Essays,  1694, 
8vo;  the  Complete  Art  of  Poetry,  1718,  2  vols.  12mo;— 
see  Halhwell  s  Shaksperiana,  p.  20,  No;!.  3,  6,  and  6  •— 
five  unsuccessful  plays,  1697-1703;  a  Comparison  between 
the  two  Stages,  1702,  Svo;  a  Life  of  Betterton,  1710;  a 
New  Rehearsal,  1714,  Svo;  some  other  publications. 

.tt'.m,?rH°°  "iT*  '''<■'•?♦"'■'■•  but  a  mean  genius  ;  who,  having 
attemp  ed  several  kinds  of  writing,  never  gained  much  reputation 
in  any.  —Boytr's  r,4tl„:al  Slnlr.  x.xvil  1IJ2 

„,';°''bose  disciples  l^^'li  „les  Blount]  the  most  noted  wasa  bad 
w.  Iter  named  Gildon,  Ao  lived  to  pester  another  generation  with 
dnggrel  and  slander,  and  whose  memory  is  still  presei-ved,  not  by 
his  own  voluminous  works,  but  by  two  or  three  lines  in  which  his 


GIL 

stupidity  .and  venality  have  been  contemptuously  mentioned  by 
I'ope.'— jt/aciiH/u.v'.'! //ijJ.  I./ £«(7.,  vol.  iv.,  ISoli. 

Mr.  Maeaulay  ably  exposes  the  true  character  of  Blount's 
Oracles  of  Reason. 

Giles.     Med.  con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1697. 

Giles,  Henry,  b.  Nov.  l,181y,near(;orcy,co.  of  Wex- 
ford, Ireland,  one  of  the  most  popular  of  the  many  literary 
lecturers  who  draw  crowded  audiences  in  the  United  States. 
1.  Lectures  and  Essays,  Boston,  1850,  2  vols.  16mo. 

"Those  persons  who  have  listened  to  the  greater  part  of  the 
contents  of  these  two  volumes  in  the  various  lecture-rooms  throU"h- 
out  the  country,  will  probably  be  even  more  anxious  to  read  them 
than  many  wlio  have  only  heard  the  name  of  the  author.  They 
will  revive  in  the  reader  the  delightful  wit.  the  clear  mental  attrac- 
tion, and  the  high  pleasure  which  they  uniformly  excited  in  their 
delivery." 

These  lectures  are  also  highly  commended  by  Miss  Mit- 
ford:  see  her  Recollections  of  a  Literary  Life.  2.  Chris- 
tian Thought  on  Life;  in  a  series  of  Discourses,  2d  ed., 
1S51,  16mo.  3.  Illustrations  of  Genius  in  some  of  its  rela- 
tions to  culture  and  society,  1854,  16mo. 

Giles,  Rev.  J.  A.,  LL.D.,  nuper  Soeius  C.  C.  C,  Oxon., 
has  written  aud  edited  many  valuable  works,  some  of  which 
we  notice.  1.  English-Greek  and  Greek-English  Lexicon, 
new  ed.,  1S46,  Svo. 

'■  This  is  a  worthy  companion  to  Riddle's  Latin  Dictionary,  con- 
taining all  the  information  neces.sary  to  a  student— and,  what  is 
ot  eriual  importance,  no  more.  The  author  is  generally  successful 
in  developing  the  structure  and  composition  of  the  Greek  lan- 
gu.ige;  avoiding  the  quibbling  derivations  which  disfigured  the 
older  Lexicons,  and  especially  that  of  Schrevelius  :  he  points  out 
the  genuine  radicals  so  far  as  they  can  be  discovered  with  certain- 
ty."— Lon.  AtliencEitm, 

2.  Scriptores  Gra3ei  Minores,  1840, 12mo.     3.  Patres  Eo- 
elesire  Anglicanaj,  now  first  collected  into  one  series,  35 
vols.  Svo,  £9  9s. ;  aud  a  sup.  vol.,  10s.     4.  Hist,  of  the  An- 
cient Britons,  1847,  2  vols.  Svo. 
"A  valuable  addition  to  every  historian's  library."— Xon.  ii(. 

••  This  is  the  most  valuable  work  that  has  appeared  of  late  years 
on  the  History  of  the  Ancient  Britons.  Nowhere  else  has  the  sub- 
ject been  treated  so  fully  with  strict  regard  to  real  history,  and  in 
e.xclusion  of  all  fabulous  legends.  Vol.  II.  consists  of  the  original 
Histories  fi.mi  which  this  work  has  been  compiled,  viz.:  Excerpta 
ex  Scni.tnrilois  lir.  et  Lat.;  Gildas;  Nennius;  Excerpta  ex  Beda; 
Kicar,los(i,es(reusisdeSitu  Biitanniae;  VitaGilda;.  auctoreCara- 
doco:  MtaGiUta-.  auctore  Anonymo;  Inscriptiones  ex  Nummis; 
luscriptiouesex  Lapidibus." 

5.  The  Entire  Works  of  the  Venerable  Bede,  1843-44, 
12  vols.  Svo.     See  our  article  on  Bede. 

"  We  trust  that  Dr.  Giles  will  be  encouraged  to  continue  his  ex- 
ertions in  thus  diffusing  a  saund  knowledge  of  mediiev.al  divinity 
and  ecclesiastical  history."— io».  Quarterly  Berir.w.  Oct.  1844. 

6.  Hist,  of  the  Town  and  Parish  of  Bampton,  2d  ed., 
1848,  Svo.  7.  Lives  of  the  Abbots  of  Weiemouth  .and 
Jarrow,  Ac,  1845,  Svo.  8.  Life  and  Letters  of  Thomas 
a  Beckett,  1846,  2  vols.  Svo.  We  are  also  indebted  to  Dr. 
Giles  for  his  new  ed.  of  Thompson's  Geofl'rey  of  M.mmouth, 
(see  our  article  on  Geoffrey,)  his  labours  on  Zeuuius's 
Terence,  his  manuals  of  Latin  and  English  (Grammar, 
English  History,  Ac;  nor  must  we  omit  to  make  special 

mention  of  one  of  the  most  valuable  of  his  publications 

The  Life  and  Times  of  Alfred  the  Great,  2d  ed.,  1854,  Svo.    - 

"The  most  valuable  and  authentic  Lifeof  Alfred  the  Great  In- 
cluded are  Alfred's  ^Vill,  in  Saxon,  with  translation ;  the  Treaty 
between  Alfred  and  Guthrum,  in  Saxon;  Eulke's  Letter  to  Alfred- 
Alfred's  Preface  to  Gregory's  Pastoral  Care,  in  Saxon,  with  a  trans- 
lation ;  a  Chronological  Summary  of  Anglo-Saxon  History,  ic." 

"  Dr.  Giles  is  in  thorough  possession  of  his  materials  and  of  his 
intention,  which  produces  the  clearness  that  arises  from  mastery 
and  he  exhibits  the  same  general  hmilmmmie  and  chronicler  dispo- 
sition for  minute  and  picturesque  narrative  which  we  noted  in  his 
Lite  of  Becket,  with  more  of  a  critical  spirit."— ion.  Spectator. 

Giles,  John.     The  Pine  Apple,  Lon.,  1767,  Svo. 

Giles,  Joseph.  Poems,  revised  and  corrected,  by 
Wm.  Shcnstoiie,  Lon.,  1771,  Svo. 

Giles,  lUascall.  Against  Superstitious  Jesu  Worship, 
Lon.,  1642,  4to. 

Giles,  Wm.  Defence  of  Dr.  Sherlock's  Preservative 
against  Popery,  Lon.,  16S8,  4to. 

Giles,  Wm.  1.  On  Marriage,  Lon.,  1771.  2.  Poems. 
1775,  Svo. 

Giles,  Wm.  Branch,  d.  1830,  Governor  of  Virginia, 
1826-29,  was  for  many  years  a  member  of  the  Congress  of 
the  United  States.  He  pub.  Political  Letters  to  the  People 
of  Virginia,  occasional  letters,  a  speech,  Ac,  1808-25. 

GilfiUan,  Rev.  George,  born  1813,at  Comrie,  Perth- 
shire, Scotland,  was  educated  at  Glasgow  Coll.,  and  tit  the 
United  Secession  Hall  of  the  United  Presbyterian  Church 
In  1835  he  was  licensed  to  preach,  and  in  the  next  year 
was  ordained  to  the  Schoolwynd  congregation,  Dundee 
where  he  still  remains.  About  1842  he  was  encourac'cc 
by  Mr.  T.  Aird,  editor  of  the  Dumfries  Herald,  to  write 
sketches  of  the  principal  characters  of  the  day.     These 

669 


GIL 


QTL 


ofT-liand  portraits  were  well  received,  and  in  1845  they  were 
published,  with  some  others,  as  The  GuUery  of  Literary 
Piirtraits,  2d  ed.,  1851.  In  1849  Mr.  G.  pub.  his  Second 
Gallery  of  Literary  Portraits;  2d  ed.,  1862;  and  in  1855 
nj>peared  the  Third  Series.  In  1854  was  pub.,  in  1  vol.  p. 
8vo,  a  new  ed.  of  the  1st  and  2d  series;  and  vol.  i.  of  the 
last  ed.  of  the  work  appeared  in  1857.  In  1850  ho  gave  to 
the  world  The  Bards  of  the  Bible,  4th  ed.,  1856;  in  1851 
he  pub.  The  Book  of  British  Poesy,  Ancicut  and  Modern  ; 
in  1832,  The  Martyrs,  Heroes,  and  Bards  of  the  Scottish 
Covenant,  2d  ed.,  1854;  in  1854.  The  Grand  Discovery, 
2d  ed.,  1856;  in  1S56.  History  of  a  Man;  and  in  1867, 
Christianity  and  our  Era,  He  has  also  pub.  a  Discourse 
on  Hades,  Five  Discourses  on  the  Abuse  of  Talent,  &c., 
and  edited  Win.  C.  Bryant's  Poems,  with  Notes  and  an 
Introductory  Essay,  &c.  He  is  now  engaged  in  editing  a 
new  and  splendid  Library  Edition  of  the  Popular  Poets 
and  Poetry  of  Britain,  with  Biographical  and  Critical 
Notes.     The  issue  for  the  first  year  comprised — • 

1,  2.  Milton's  Poetical  Works.  3.  Thomson's  Seasons 
and  other  Poems.  4.  George  Herbert's  Poetical  Works. 
5.  Young's  Poetical  Works.  6.  The  Poetical  Works  of 
Goldsmith.  Collins,  &c.  The  issue  for  1864  comprised,  7, 
8.  Cowper's  Poetical  Works.  9,  10.  Butler's  Poetical  Works. 
IL  Shenstone's  Poetical  Works.  12.  Beattie.  Blair,  and 
Falconer's  Poetical  M'orks.  This  is  by  far  the  handsomest 
edition  of  the  British  poets  ever  published,  and  we  see  not 
huw  it  can  be  surpassed.  A  vol.  is  pub.  every  alternate 
month,  forming  in  the  year  6  vols,  averaging  lioi)  pp.  each  ; 
annual  subscription  one  guinea,  or  in  French  morocco,  gilt 
top,  £1  11«.  6'L  The  scries  is  intended  to  include  the  fol- 
lowing authors : 

Wm.  Drunmiond.  Peter  Pindar. 

Falconer.  Pope. 

Fert^usou.  Prior. 

Gay.  Francis  Quarles. 

Gifford.  Allan  Itanisay. 

Goldsmith.  ]!o;j:ers. 

.James  Grahame.  Alexander  Ross. 

Gray.  Scntt. 

W.  Hamilton.  Shelley. 

Genrpe  Herbert.  I^henstone. 

Robert  Ilerrick.  Smollett. 

Iln-^^.  Spenser. 

I)r.  Johnson.  Swift. 

Ben  Jonson.  Tannahill. 

Leyden.  James  Thomson. 

Lojian.  Waller. 

Macphersone.  Thomas  Warton. 

Milton.  .  "Watts. 

Mrs.  Opie.  Klrke  White. 

Paniell.  Kdward  Young. 

Di-.  Percy.  Etc. 

As  a  critic  Mr.  Gilfillan  has  been  warmly  praised,  and 
not  slightly  censured.  He  possesses  one  of  the  most  dan- 
gerous of  arts  for  any  one  who  would  achieve  solid  and  last- 
ing reputation, — that  of  great  verbal  facility,  approaching 
to  conversational  familiarity.  He  is  sometimes  happy  in 
his  metaphors  and  apt  in  his  allusions,  but  is  more  likely 
to  be  extravagant  in  the  one  and  grotesque  in  the  other; 
reminding  us  forcibly  of  the  bombast  and  egotism  so  gene- 
rally observable  in  the  prevailing  style  of  second-rate 
American  writers. 

Mr.  Giltillan  is  by  no  means  devoid  of  talent;  and  it  is 
well  worth  his  while,  by  a  course  of  wholesome  discipline  of 
his  natural  abilities,  to  correct  the  errors  of  a  critical  pen 
which  sometimes  displays  more  passion  than  judgment 
and  more  vigour  of  language  than  depth  of  thought. 

A  critic  in  the  Dublin  University  Magazine,  in  a  review 
of  Mr.  GilfiUan's  First  Gallery  of  Literary  Portraits,  refer- 
ring to  the  author's  fondness  for  overstrained  metaphor 
and  ambitious  style,  justly  remarks  that 

"  In  all  such  habitual  use  of  strong  language  a  writer  is  throw- 
ing away  his  wealth,  and  making  his  style  in  reality  poor  and 
meagre.  Words  are  lavished  with  profusion  when  they  absolutely 
represent  nothing,  and  none  but  the  man  who  has  read  through  a 
volume  of  words  with  the  wish  really  to  ascertain  the  amount  of 
instruction  it  gives,  ran  judge  of  the  unutterable  weariness  pro- 
duced by  this  careless  habit  of  stating  every  thing  in  a  temper  of 
exagy,eration.  Simplicity  of  style  is.  however,  seldom  the  distin- 
guishing grace  of  a  young  writer's  compositions." 

We  are  happy  to  be  able  to  add  from  the  same  articlej — 
for  it  is  more  pleasant  to  quote  praise  than  censure, — 

"Mr.  Giltillan's  effort  to  make  his  readers  acquainted  with  the 
greatest  men  whom  he  has  met  on  the  highway  of  literature  is  no 
doubt  an  ambitious  one,  and  has  on  the  whole  been  successfully 
executed." — xxvii.  G52-rif4. 

The  Bards  of  the  Bible  has  elicited  much  rapturous  com- 
mendation— in  which  we  were  never  able  to  coincide — and 
severe  censure,  the  justice  of  which  we  do  not  feel  able  to 
disprove. 

His  piety  warms  our  heart,  but  his  style  shocks  our  taste. 
One  of  the  most  learned  Orientalists  of  modern  times,  re- 
670 


Addison. 

Akenside. 

Kobert  Blair. 

Bloomfield. 

Thomas  Brown. 

Bruce. 

George  Buchanan. 

Burns. 

Samuel  Butler. 

Byron. 

Campbell. 

Chatterton. 

Chaucer. 

Coleridge. 

Collins. 

Cotton. 

Cowley. 

Cowper. 

Crab  be. 

Petihalm. 

I>rvden. 


cently  deceased,  makes  graver  objections  to  the  work  than 
mere  want  of  literary  taste: 

•  -'•  A  pompous  and  gaudy  style  is  exceedingly  out  of  place  when 
it  appears  in  books  that  treat  of  sacred  things.  We  feel  tbat  the 
subject  is  degraded.  It  is  as  if  a  painter  were  to  attempt  sketches 
of  Isaiah,  and  Paul,  and  John,  and  should  put  on  them  the  cos- 
tume of  a  Bond  street  or  Broadway  exquisite.  We  enter  a  solemn 
protest  against  all  such  doings.  God.  Christ,  eternity,  heaven,  hell, 
and  man's  immortal  spirit  and  welfare  are  things  beyond  rhapsody. 
.  .  .  'the  inconceivable  majesty  of  such  subjects  should  awe  the 
mind  tbat  contemplates  them  into  the  most  grave,  and  sober,  and 
humble  attitude.  .  .  .  There  are  some  passages  in  it,  and  many  sin- 
gle expressions,  which  convey  vivid  ideas,  and  present  pleasing 
images.  We  concede  to  him  fancy,  imagination,  and  a  very  con- 
siderable acquaintance  with  the  sources  of  poetical  imagery.  But 
these  are  not  the  only  qual  i!i  cat  ions  that  are  needed  to  write  in- 
structively on  Hebrew  poetry.  His  book  reminds  us  very  strongly 
of  a  passage  in  another  poet  and  critic,  somewhat  different  li'om 
the  author  of  the  Bards  of  the  Bible.     It  runs  thus  : 

"*  Inceptis  gravibus  plerunique  et  magna  professis, 

Purpureus,  late  qui  sjileudeat,  unus  et  alter 

Assuitur  jiannus. 

Amphora  ccepit 

Institui;  currente  rota,  cur  urceus  exit? 

Denique.  sit  quodvis,  simj^lex  duntaxat  et  unum.* 
"Yes,  this  precious  simplex.'  Of  all  the  books  on  eaith,  the  Bible 
exhibits  it  most.  A  comment  on  it,  of  any  kind,  which  is  spotted 
throuizhout  with  'purpurei  panni  qui  late  splendeanf  seems  to  us 
one  of  the  greatest  of  all  incongruities." — MoSES  Stuart,  lat':  Prof, 
of  Sticrid  Litrruture  in  the  Ihtolog.  ikminary  of  Andover.  See  N. 
Amer.  Kev.,  Jsxiii.  238-267. 
;  Whatever  other  charges  Mr.  GilfiUan's  critics  may  bring 
against  him,  he  certainly  cannot  be  accused  of  indolence, 
as,  ill  acldition  to  his  professional  duties,  he  contributes  to 
no  less  than  five  or  six  periodicals.  It  is  no  slight  com- 
mendation— but  one  to  which  he  may  justly  lay  claim — 
that  a  high  moral  purpose,  a  kindly  spirit,  and  a  hearty 
appreciation  of  the  good,  the  right,  and  the  true,  are  pro- 
minent characteristics  of  his  writings.  It  will  be  seen, 
from  a  glance  at  the  accompanying  tables  of  contents  of 
the  -Galleries  of  Literary  Portraits,  that  Mr.  Gilfillan  has 
been  by  no  means  partial  in  his  selection  of  subjects,  but 
has  employed  his  pencil  upon  representatives  of  almost  all 
classes  of  opinion,  both  in  church  and  state: 

FIHST  GALLERY  OF  LITEBAHY  PORTRAITS. 

CONTENTS. 

Lord  Jeffrey.                       Preachei'S  of  the  Charles  Lamb. 

William  Godwin.               Pay.  Ehenezer  Elliott. 

William  Ilazlitt.  Walter  Savage  Lan-  Allan    Cunningham 

Robert  Hall,                       dor.  and     the     Itural 

Percy  Bysshe  Shelley.  Thomas  Campbell.  Poets. 

Dr.  Chalmers.  L"rd  Itrnu-'hitm.  John  Keats. 

Thomas  Carlyle.  Sanuii-I  T.  t 'nk-ridge.  T.  B.  Macaulay. 

Thomas  deQuincey.  Ralph  Waldo  Emer-  Thomas  Aird. 

John  Foster.                         son.  Kcibert  .Southey. 

Proffssur  A\ilson,  Wm.  Wordsworth.  John    Gibson    Lock- 

Edw.  Irving,  and  the  Robert  PoHok.  hart. 

SECOND  GALLERY  OF  LITERARY  PORTRAITS. 

CONTENTS. 


John  Milton. 

George  Dawson. 

William  Anderson, 

Lord  Byron. 

Alfred  Tennyson. 

Leigh  Hunt. 

George  Crabbe. 

Professor  Nichol. 

Thomas  Moore. 

John  Foster. 

Mi-s.  Hemans. 

Isaac  Taylor. 

Thomas  Hood. 

Mrs,  E.  B.  Browning. 

H.  W.  Longfellow. 

Thomas  B.  Macaulay. 

Mrs.  Shelley. 

Philip  .Tas.  Bailey. 

Dr.  George  Croly. 

William  Cobbett. 

John  Sterling. 

SirE.BulwerLytton. 

James  Montgomery. 

Wm.  Wordsworth. 

Ralph  Waldo  Emer- 

Sydney  Smith. 

John  Buuyan. 

TIIIRD  GALI 

ERY  OF  LITERARY 

CONTENTS. 

PORTRAITS. 

AI" 

h  of  French  Revolutio 

nists. 

Mir.abeau. 

Robespierre,  and 

Vergniaud. 

Marat, 

A  Cot 

Dan  ton. 
steHation  of  Sacred  A 

Napoleon. 
ifhors. 

Edward  Irving. 

Robert  Uall. 

Dr.  Chalmers. 

Isaac  Taylor. 

A  Clitster  of  New  Poets 

Sydney  Yendys. 

J.  Stanyan  Bigg. 

Gerald  Massey. 

Alexander  Smith. 

Modem  Critics. 

Hazlitt  and  Hallam. 

Delta. 

Thomas     Babington 

Jeffrey  and  Coleridge. 

Thackeray. 
MisoU'tneous  SJ>etch€S 

Macaulay. 

Carlyle  and  Sterling. 

Sir   Edward    Lytton 

.SIschylus ;     Prome- 

Emerson. 

Bulwer. 

theus  Bound  and 

Neale  and  Bunyan. 

Benjamin  Disraeli. 

Unbound. 

Kdmuud  Burke. 

Professor  Wilson. 

Shakspeare— A  Lec- 

Edgar A.  I'ue. 

Henry  Rogers. 

ture. 

Gilfillan,  Robert,  a  native  of  Dunfermline,  a  modern 
poet  of  considerable  reputation.  For  an  account  of  this 
bard,  we  must  refer  the  reader  to  the  Memoir  attached  to 
the  4th  ed.  of  his  Poems  and  Songs,  pub.  in  Edinburgh, 
1851.  12mo.  Reprinted,  1853.  See  bis  K.Kile's  Song,  and 
In  the  Days  Langsyne.  in  Chambers'^Cye.  of  Eng.  Lit. 

'■The  songs  of  Mr.  Giltillan  are  nLirke^Dy  gentle  and  kindly 
feelings,  and  a  smooth  tlow  of  versification,  which  nL-iketi  them 
eminently  suitable  for  being  expressed  in  music." — Uln  mpra. 


GIL 

Gilfillan,  Rev.  Samuel.  1.  Discourses  on  the  Holy 
Spirit,  Edin.,  12mo.  2.  Essay  on  the  Sanctification  of  the 
Lord's  Dav,  Sth  ed.,  18?,-,  18mo. 

Gilkie",  James.  Every  M.in  his  Own  Procurator;  or, 
the  Country  Gentleman's  Vnde-Mrciim,  Edin.,  1778,  12mo. 

Gilks,  Morton.     Petrifiictions;  Phil.  Trans.,  1740. 

Gill.  Selections  from  the  Court  Keports,  originally 
pub.  in  the  Boston  M.  Post,  1S34-.37,  Bost.,  1S.37.  12mo. 

"It  cont.'iins  some  {rrapbic  illustrations  of  the  administration 
and  effect  of  the  law,  that  may  be  perused  with  advantage." — 
JUan-in's  L<<j.  Bilil. 

Gill,  Rev.  Alexander,  1564-lfi.'55,  a  native  of  Lin- 
colnshire, educated  at  Corpus  Christi  Coll.,  O.xf ,  head  mas- 
ter of  St.  Paul's  School,  1608.  1.  The  Trinity,  1601,  Svo. 
2.  Logonomia  Anglioa  Gramniaticalis,  1619,  '21,  4to. 

*■  This  work  contains  as  singular  a  propnsition  for  a  vernacular 
orthography  as  Tho. Campion's  (Observations  on  the  Art  of  Eng- 
lish foesie)  for  poetry.  The  work  is  quoted  by  Dr.  Johnson." — 
Lowndfs^s  Bthl.  il<tn. 

3.  Sacred  Philos.  of  Holy  Scrip. ;  or,  a  Comment,  on  the 
Creed,  1635,  fol.  The  treatise  on  the  Trinity  is  repub.  at 
the  end  of  this  work. 

"  Esteemed  by  most  persons  to  be  a  learned  man,  a  noted  Latin- 
ist,  critic,  and  divine,  and  also  to  have  such  an  excellent  way 
of  training  up  youth,  that  none  in  his  time  went  beyond  hiin. 
"Whence  'twas,  that  many  noted  persons  in  church  and  state  did 
esteem  it  the  greatest  of  their  happiness  that  they  had  been  edu- 
cated under  him." — Allien,  Oxou. 

See  also  Knight's  Life  of  Colet. 

Gill,  Alexander,  D.D.,  1597-1642,  son  and  successor 
of  the  preceding,  educated  at  Trin.  Coll.,  O.vf.  became 
head  master  of  St.  Paul's  School  in  1635.  Whilst  usher 
of  St.  Paul's  he  had  charge  of  the  education  of  John  Mil- 
ton, who  was  his  favourite  scholar,  and  by  whom  he  was 
greatly  beloved.  Three  of  the  great  poet's  familiar  letters 
to  him  in  Latin,  still  extant,  are  "  replete  with  the  strongest 
testimonies  of  esteetn  and  friendship.  Milton  also  pays 
him  high  compliments  on  the  excellence  of  his  Latin 
poetry." 

Most  of  his  Latin  poetry  was  pub.  in  a  vol.  entitled 
Poetici  Conatus,  1632,  12mo,  and  Wood  enumerates  some 
other  productions  of  his,  printed,  and  in  MS.  He  was  for 
some  time  usher  under  the  famous  Thomas  Farnaby.  See 
Athen.  Oxon.;  Knight's  Life  of  Colet;  Warton's  Milton; 
Letters  by  Eminent  Persons,  1S13,  3  vols.  Svo. 

Gill,  Jeremiah.     Reform  in  H.  Commons,  1785. 

Gill,  John,  D.D.,  1697-1771,  a  Baptist  divine  of  great 
learning,  a  native  of  Kettering,  Northamptonshire,  received 
his  early  education  at  the  Grammar  School  of  his  native 
town,  but  may  be  said  to  be  self-educated,  as  he  left  school 
whilst  yet  very  young.  He  was  a  preacher,  first  at  Higham- 
Ferrers,  then  at  Kettering,  and  in  1719  became  pastor  of 
the  Baptist  congregation  at  Horselydown,  Southwark, 
where  he  continued  for  fifty-one  years.  Whilst  yet  a  mere 
boy,  he  was  so  fond  of  frequenting  the  bookstores  that  it 
became  a  current  expression,  "  Such  a  thing  is  as  sure  as 
John  Gill  is  in  the  bookseller's  shop."  We  need  not  there- 
fore be  surprised  that  he  became  an  excellent  Latinist, 
Grecian,  and  Orientalist.  He  wrote  many  works,  some  of 
the  principal  of  which  we  proceed  to  notice. 

1.  Exposition  of  Solomon's  Song,  1728,  fol.;  1751,  '68, 
4to ;  1805,  2  vols.  Svo.  In  the  later  eds.  the  Targum  is 
left  out.  This  exposition,  which  differs  from  the  one  con- 
tained in  his  Comment,  on  the  Bible,  comprises  the  sub- 
Btance  of  122  discourses  delivered  from  the  puli>it. 

"  A  minute  detail  on  the  allegorical  sense,  and  a  spiritual  im- 
provement.''— Dr.  E.  \Villi.\ms. 
'■  It  is  hi.shly  allegorical  in  its  interpretation.'' — Hfirne's  Bihl.  Bib. 

2.  Prophecies  resp.  the  Messiah,  fulfilled  in  Jesus,  1728. 
In  answer  to  Collins's  Scheme  of  Literal  Prophecy  con- 
sidered. 3.  The  Cause  of  God  and  Truth,  being  an  Ex- 
amination of  the  several  Passages  of  Scripture  made  use 
of  by  the  Arrainians.  In  four  parts,  1735-38,  4  vols.  Svo; 
1755,  4  vols.  Svo;  1772,  '75,  4to;  1816,  2  vols.  Svo;  1838, 
Svo.  This  is  an  answer  to  Dr.  Whitby's  Discourse  on  the 
Five  Points. 

'•  If  vou  read  Wbitby  on  the  Five  Points,  read  Dr.  Gill's  reply. 
.  .  .  It  is  the  fullest  answer  to  Whitby.  ...  In  Part  IV.  of  this  Work, 
Dr.  Gill  goes  through  the  testimonies  of  the  Fathers  before  Augus- 
tine, to  give  passages  that  support  Calvinistic  views." — Bickersteth. 

"  It  is  an  elalxirate  work,  and  may  be  considered  a  very  able 
defence  of  Calvinism." — ll'/.s-rtH's  Dissrnlinff  Churches. 

4.  Exposition  of  the  New  Testament,  1746-47-13,  3  vols, 
fol.  5.  Exposition  of  the  Old  Testament,  1748-63,  6  vols. 
New  ed.  of  both  Testaments,  with  a  Memoir  by  Dr.  Rip- 
pon,  and  a  portrait,  1816,  9  vols.  4to.  Pub.  at  £12  12s.; 
large  paper,  £16  16s.  Still  worth  about  £12  to  £13,  in 
good  binding.  Vol.  i.  of  a  new  ed.  of  the  Exiios.  of  the 
0.  and  N.  Tests,  was  pub.  by  Aylott  of  London  in  1852,  r. 
Svo,  and  a  new  ed.  of  his  Exposition  of  the  Old  Test,  was 
pub.  by  CoUingridge  in  1854,  6  vols.  r.  Svo,  £3  1S«. 


GIL 

*'Tbe  author  always  keeps  sipht  of  his  creed.  ...  He  was  a  very 
learned  and  good  man;  but  has  often  spiritualized  his  text  to 
absurdity." — 1>R.  Adam  Clahke. 

''It  abounds  with  rabbinical  and  theoloijical  information:  but, 
though  upon  the  wh'ileavery  valuable  work,  it  is  often  prolix  and 
tautoloftifal.  and  sometimes  injudii-ious." — Dr.  E.  Williams's  C.  P. 

"  It  is  prized  as  an  invaluable  mine  of  knowledge  by  judicious 
Christians  of  every  denomination."' — Wilson. 

*'  He  moves  through  his  exposition  like  a  man  in  lead,  and  over- 
■whelms  the  inspired  writer  with  dull  lucubrations  and  rabbinical 
lumber.  lie  is  an  ultra-Calvinist  in  his  doctrinal  sentiments.  .  .  . 
If  the  reader  be  inclined  for  a  trial  of  his  strength  and  patience, 
he  may  procure  the  burden  of  Dr.  (iill.  lie  was,  after  all.  a  man 
of  undoubted  learning,  and  of  prodigious  labour."— Onus's  Bihl. 
Bib. 

'•  In  rabbinical  literature  Dr.  Gill  had  no  equal,  and  he  has  hence 
been  enabled  to  illustrate  many  important  passages  of  Scripture. 
...  An  occasional  leference  to  this  learned  work  is  all,  perhaps, 
that  can  be  recommended." — Home's  Bill.  Brit. 

"Valuable  for  rabbinical  learning;  a  variety  of  meaning*  sug- 
gested: Calvinistic  in  sentiment." — Biclerskth's  C.  S. 

6.  Dissert,  on  the  Antiq.  of  the  Hebrew  Language,  Let- 
ters, Vowel-points,  and  Accents,  1767,  Svo. 

"This  is  also  a  laboured  exposition  and  defence  of  the  doctrines 
of  the  Massorets." — Omii's  Bihl.  Bib. 

7.  A  Body  of  Doctrinal  and  Practical  Divinity,  1769-70, 
3  vols.  4to.     Several  eds.     New  ed.,  1839,  2  vols.  Svo. 

"Gill  was  a  very  learned  and  pious  man;  but  his  notions  of 
moral  obligations  were  not  correct;  which  led  him  to  some  pe'-u- 
liarities  of  sentiment  respecting  grace  being  the  obliging  as  well 
as  the  efficient  cause  of  evangelical  duty,  and  which  disposed  him, 
in  arguing  with  Arminians.  too  often  to  cut  the  knot  of  difficulty, 
instead  of  solving  it,  and  to  deal  in  round  assertions  with  slender 
arguments." — Wi/lioms's  C.  P. 

S.  Serms.  and  Tracts,  several  of  which  were  never  before 

printed.     To   which   are   prefixed    Memoirs  of  tlie    Lite, 

Writings,  and  Character  of  the  Author.  177:^  2  vols.  4to. 

"If  any  man  can  be  supposed  to  have  trod  the  whole  circle  of 

human  leiirning,  it  was  Dr.  (iill.     M'hile  true  religion  and  sound 

learning  have  a  single  friend  in  the  British  empire,  the  works  and 

name  of  Gill  will  be  precious  and  revered. . . .  With  a  solidity  of 

judgment  and  with  an  acuteness  of  discernment  peculiar  to  few, 

j  he  exhausted,  as  it  were,  the  very  soul  and  substance  of  most 

j  arguments  he  undertook." — Toplady. 

I  Gill  pub.  several  treatises  upon  Baptism,  and  many  occa- 
i  sional  serms.  See  the  Life  prefixed  to  his  Serms.  and 
Tracts,  No.  7  above,  and  Steunet's  Funeral  f?erm.  A  new 
ed.  of  bis  E.xpos.  of  Solomon's  Song  was  puh.  in  1S54-,  r. 
Svo ;  a  new  ed.  of  his  sermons,  in  3  vols.  Svo.  has  appeared  ; 
and  Rippnn's  Memoirs  of  his  Life  and  Writings  has  been 
pub.  separately  in  12mo. 

Gill,  Joseph.     Law,  &c.  rel.  to  Insolvents,  Lon.,  1S36. 

Gill,  R.  \V,,  and  J.  Johnson,  Cases  in  Ct.  of  Ap- 
peals of  Maryland.  1829-41.  Bait.,  1829-45,  12  vols.  Svo. 

Gill,  Thomas.     Con.  to  Med.  Com.,  17S7. 

Gill,  Thomas.  Trial  of  George  Manners  for  Libels, 
in  the  Satirist,  on  the  Character  of  Wm.  ILiUett,  1S12,  Svo. 

Gillan,  R.  Abridg.  of  the  Acts  Genl.  Assembly  of 
Ch.  of  Scot.,  Edin..  1S21,  Svo. 

Gillane,  John,  d.  1735,  consecrated  a  bishop  in  the 
Episcopal  Ch.  of  Scot,  1727:  Bishop  of  Dunblane,  1731. 

1.  Remarks  upon  Sir  Jas.  Dalryniple's  Hist.  Collec,  Edin., 
1714,  Svo.  See  Dalrtmple,  Sir  James.  2,  Life  of  Rev. 
John  Sage,  1714,  Svo. 

Gillespie.  Narrative  of  the  most  remarkable  Events 
of  tho  Life  of  K.  William  III.  Also  a  revised  History  of 
the  Siege  of  Londonderry,  Deiry,  1823,  8vo.  See  Mr. 
Macaulay's  graphic  account  of  the  horrors  of  this  siege, 
in  his  History  of  England,  vol.  iii.,  just  pub.,  (1856.) 

Gillespie,  Major  Alex.  1.  Hist.  Review  of  the 
Royal  Marine  Corps.  Lon.,  1S03.  4to.  2.  Gleanings,  A'c. 
at  Buenos  Ayres,  ISIS,  Svo.  A  memoir  of  Maj.  Gillespie 
has  been  pub. 

Gillespie,  George,  d.  1648,  one  of  the  four  Com- 
missioners from  the  Ch.  of  Scot,  to  the  Westminster  As- 
sembly in  1643.  1.  Dispute  against  the  English  Ptpish 
Ceremonies  obtruded  upon  the  Ch.  of  Scut.,  1637,  '60,  4to. 

2.  Dialogue  between  a  Civilian  and  a  Divine  cone,  the  Ch. 
of  Eng.,  1644,  4to.  Anon.  3.  Recrimination  charged  upon 
Mr.  Goodwin,  1644,  4to.  Anon.  4.  Serm.,  1644.  4to. 
5.  True  Resolution,  &c.,  1645,  4to.  6.  Mr.  Colman's  Piece, 
Ac,  1645,  4to.  7.  Serm.,  1645,  4to.  8.  Wholesome  Se- 
verity, &.C,,  1645,  4to.  Anon.  9.  Aaron's  Rod  Blossoming, 
1646,  4to.     New  ed.,  1843,  Svo. 

"One  of  the  chief  works  on  the  government  of  the  Church  of 
&cot\iiud."—Bickerb-tttn's  C.  S. 

10.  Male  Audis.,  1646,  4to.  11.  Treat,  of  MisceU.  Ques- 
tions, 1649,  4to. 

**  This  is  a  practical  and  controversial  book,  but  contains  a  con- 
siderable portion  of  learned  discussion  respecting  the  meaning  of 
I  the  Scriptures." — Orme^s  Bibl.  Bib. 

I       12.  The  Ark  of  the  Testament  Opened,  2  vols.  4to :  vol. 
i.,  1661 ;  vol.  ii.,  1677.     13.  Notes  of  Debates  and  Proceed- 
ings of  the  Westminster  Assembly,  <fec.,  with  Life  by  Kev. 
I  Dr.  Uetherington,  1846,  r.  Svo.     Gillespie's  treatises  have 

671 


GIL 


GIL 


recently  been  repub. ;  a  collective  ed.  of  bis  Theolog. 
AVorks,  1844-46,  2  vols.  r.  Svo ;  Serms.,  &c.,  1S44,  r.  8vo. 
Tbe  Dispute  against  English  Popi:?h  Ceremonies  obtruded 
on  the  Ch.  of  Scot,  can  be  had  separately.  For  an  account 
of  his  Life,  we  refer  the  reader  to  Dr.  Hetherington's  Me- 
moir, noticed  above. 

*'  A  man  of  very  considerable  talents,  who  supported  the  cha- 
racter of  his  country^  and  the  cause  of  presbytery,  with  fsrvAt 
ability  and  zeal,  duriui;  tbe  stormy  period  of  the  civil  wars." — 
Ormk:  nbi  svpra. 

Gillespie,  James,  D.D.,  Principal  of  St.  Mary's  Coll., 
Univ.  of  Aberdeen.  Serms.  from  the  Author's  MSS.,  pub. 
by  George  Hill,  D.D.,  Lon.,  1796,  Svo. 

"  Such  of  us  as  saw  the  vigour  of  his  days,  remember  the  delight 
with  which  we  hung  upon  his  lips;  the  grace  of  his  elocution; 
the  interestiog,  devotional,  pathetic  style  of  his  discourses." — I>B. 
George  Hill. 

Gillespie,  Leonard,  M.D.  Profess,  publications, 
Lon..  1798,  1800,  Svo. 

Gillespie,  Kev.  Thomas,  of  the  Presbytery  of 
"Relief."  d.  1774.  Treat,  on  Temptation,  Edin.,  1774, 
12nio.     New  cd. 

Gillet>pie,  Thomas.  The  Seasons  Contemplated  in 
the  Spirit  of  the  Gospel,  Lon.,  1S22,  12nio. 

Gillespie,  W.  1.  The  Necessary  Existence  of  God. 
New  ed..  Eilin.,  1834,  8vo.  2.  China  and  tbe  Chinese 
Missions,  with  Hi;?t.  of  Revolution,  Lf)n.,  1854,  12nio. 

Gillespie,  Rev.  William.  1.  The  Progress  of  Re- 
finement, and  other  Poems,  Edin.,  1805.  *07.  fp.  Svo.  2.  Con- 
solation; with  other  Poems.  Lon.  and  Edin.,  1815,  Svo. 

Gillespie,  >V  lUiam  iViilchell,  LL.D.,  b.  181S,  inN, 
York.  grad.  at  Columbia  Coll.,  1834;  Pruf.  of  Civil  Engineer- 
ing in  Union  Coll.  since  1845.  1.  Rome  as  seen  by  a  New 
Yorker,  1843-44,  N.  York,  1845,  12mo,  pp.  216. 

*' A  good  title  to  a  good  book.  The  endeavour  tn  convey  Rome 
only  by  those  impressions  whjr-h  would  natui-ally  be  made  upon 
an  American,  liivesihe  work  a  certain  air  of  ori^jinality  ; — the  rarest 
of  all  qualities  in  descriptions  of  the  Eternal  City.  The  style  is 
pure  and  sparkling,  although  occ:isionaIIy  flippant  and  diletan- 
tesijue.  The  tone  of  remark  is  much  in  the  usual  way — sdrm  hs 
regies — never  very  exceptionable,  and  never  very  profound." — 
Edgar  A.  I'Oe's  Literati, 

2.  Roads  and  Railroads;  a  Manual  for  Road-making, 
1S45  ;   7th  ed.,  1854,  8vo,  pp.  372. 

"  If  the  well-established  principles  of  Road-making  which  are  so 
plainly  set  forth  in  Professor  Gillespie's  valuable  work,  and  so  well 
illustrated,  could  be  at  once  put  into  general  use  in  this  country, 
every  traveller  would  bear  testimony  to  the  fact  that  the  author 
is  a  great  public  benefactor." — SiUi)7tan''s  Amer.  Jour.  <>/  Science. 

"  It  is,  in  all  respects,  the  best  work  on  this  subject  with  which 
I  am  acquainted;  being  from  its  arrangement,  comprehensiveness, 
and  clearness,  equally  adapted  to  the  wants  of  Students  of  Civil 
Engineering,  and  the  purposes  of  persons  in  any  way  engaged  in 
the  construction  or  supervision  of  roads." — Professor  Mahan,  of 
the  Military  Aojdemy. 

3.  Phibisophy  of  Mathematics,  from  the  French  of 
Auguste  Comte,  1851,  Svo,  pp.  260. 

"Tbe  classification  given  of  the  Sciences  at  large,  and  their 
regular  order  of  development,  is  uniiuestionaldy  a  master-piece  of 
scientitic  thinking,  as  ample  as  it  is  comprehensive." — MoreU's 
Spfculatii^c  Philosophy  of  Europe. 

4.  The  Principles  and  Practice  of  Land  Surveying,  1855, 
Svo.  pp.  420;  6th  ed.,  1858. 

"  This  really  capital  work  ie  worth  more  than  all  the  purely  theo- 
retical works  upon  the  same  Eubject  that  were  ever  published."— 
Simthern  Litttnry  Frviciv. 

"What  Monge  did  for  descriptive  geometry,  Gillespie  has  done 
for  surveying:  he  has  reduced  and  consolidated  into  an  harmonious 
and  eystematii:  whole  the  heterogeneous  details  of  a  principle-less 
practice." 

Gillespy,  Rev.  K.     Criminal  Laws,  Lon.,  1793,  Svo. 

Gillet,  K.  1.  The  Pleasures  of  Reason  ;  or.  the  Hun- 
dred Thoughts  of  a  Sensible  Young  Lady.  In  English 
and  French,  Lon,,  1796,  sm.  12mo.  2.  Moral  Philos., 
1799.  12mo. 

Gillett,  J.  T,  His  Trial  and  his  Address  to  the  Public, 
Lon..  1796,  Svo. 

Gillette,  Abram  Dunn,  b.  1S09,  Cambridge,  N. 
York,  Pastor  of  Calvary  Church,  N.  Y.  City.  1.  History 
of  the  Eleventh  Baptist  Church,  Philadelphia.  2.  Memoir 
of  Rev.  Daniel  Holbrook  Gillette.  3.  Pastor's  Last  Gift. 
Edited  Social  Hymns,  and  Minutes  of  Philadelphia  Baptist 
Association  from  1707  to  1807.  He  has  contributed  largely 
to  various  journals. 

Gillies,  John,  D.D.,  1712-1796,  minister  of  the  New 
College  Churoh,  Glasgow,  1742-96.  1.  Historical  Collec- 
tions of  the  Success  of  the  Gospel,  Ac,  Glasg.,  1754,  2  vols. 
Svo.  Supp.,  1761.  12mo.  A  Second  Supp.  was  pub.  by 
Br.  Erskinc  in  1796.  New  ed.  of  the  whole,  with  a  Pref. 
and  Continuation  by  the  Rev.  H.  Bonar.  Kelso,  1845,  r.  Svo. 

"A  very  interesting  book,  and  well  deserving  of  attention  from 
the  lover  of  Christianity  and  of  Church  history.'— t>?-??j(-'s  Bihl.  Bib. 

"A  very  profitable  book  for  a  minister." — Bickersteth's  C.  iS". 

2.  Devotional  Exercises  on  the  New  Test.,  Lon.,  1796, 
672  J  >  } 


Svo;  2d  ed.,  with  a  Memoir  of  tbe  Author  by  W.  Nicol, 
D.D.,  ISIO,  2  vols.  Svo.     The  first  ed.  has  not  the  text. 

•  The  work  corresponds  most  fiiithfully  with  its  title,  and  seema 
to  reflect  in  every  page  the  piety  and  high  devotion.il  spirit  of  the 
author.  Such  a  work  may  beavery  important  companion  to  many 
of  the  dry  and  more  critical  volumes  recommended  in  this  Biblio- 
theca." — Orme's  BibL  Brit. 

"  Beautiful  and  striking,  though  undesigned,  pictures  of  bis 
pious  and  benevolent  heart." — Da.  Erskine. 

".Much  calculated  to  raise  the  heart  to  communion  with  God, 
through  the  word." — Bickersleth\<i  C  S. 

"  A  most  valuable  book  for  those  who  read  fanuly  devotion,  every 
important  fact,  doctrine,  or  precept,  being  made  the  ground  and 
matter  of  prayer;  and  that  in  such  a  style  as  to  he  an  excellent 
model  of  devotinn.'' — Lon.  Evan.  Mag. 

3.  Life  of  Rev.  Geo.  Whitefieid,  Ac,  1772,  Svo;  181.3. 
His  Life  is  the  7th  vol.  of  Whitefield's  Works,  in  7  vols., 
1771,  Svo.  4.  Essay  on  the  Prophecies  relating  to  the 
Messiah,  Edin.,  1773,  Svo.  5.  Miltou's  Paradise  Lost, 
Illustrated  with  texts  of  Scripture,  Lon.,  17SS,  12mo. 

Gillies,  John,  LL.D.,  1747-1836,  a  native  of  Brechin, 
Forfar,  Scotland,  educated  at  tbe  University  of  Glasgow, 
was  for  some  time  a  travelling  tutor  to  the  sons  of  the  Earl 
of  Hopetoun,  and,  upon  the  death  of  Dr.  Robertson,  was 
appointed  historiographer  to  the  King  of  Scotland. 

1.  Trans,  of  the  Orations  of  Isocrates,  and  those  of  Ly- 
sias,  &c.,  Lon.,  1778,  Svo.  2.  Hist,  of  Ancient  Greece,  its 
Colonies,  and  Conquests,  1786,  2  vols.  4to ;  Dubl.,  1786,  3 
vols.  Svo;  Lon.,  17S7,  4  vols.  Svo:  Basil,  1790,  5  vols.  Svo  j 
1792,4vols.  Svo;  Lon.,  1809,  4  vols.  Svo  ;  1S20,  8  vols.  Svo. 

"This  work  enters  less  into  critical  and  recondite  details  than  I 

that  of  Mr.  Mitford,  though  sufficiently  accurate  and  comprehen- 
sive for  all  historical  purposes;  and  is,  in  style  of  composition, 
decidedly  superior  to  it.  It  has  been  translated  into  the  German 
and  French  lantjuages." — Samuel  Warren. 

Another  authority  thus  compares  the  histories  of  Gillies 
and  Mitford: 

•These  are  works  of  considerable  merit;  the  former  is  the  most 
learned,  the  latter  tbe  most  popular;  the  furmer  is  abrupt  in  the 
style,  tbe  latter  is  more  fluent ;  by  the  perusal  of  the  one  the  render 
is  more  amused  than  instructed,  by  the  study  of  the  other  he  is 
more  instructed  than  amused." — Dr.  Carpenter. 

3.  Trans,  of  Aristotle's  Ethics  and  Politics,  comprising 
his  Practical  Philosophy,  .fee,  1786-97,  2  vols.  4to;  2d  ed., 
1804,  2  vols.  Svo.  Supp.  to  the  Analysis  of  Aristotle's 
Spec.  Works.  1804,  4to;  3d  ed.,  1813.  2  vols.  Svo. 

*■  Aristotle's  treatise  on  politics  is  the  most  valuable  work  on  that 
branch  of  philosophy  that  has  descended  to  us  from  antii^uity. 
The  version  given  of  it  in  this  work  is  sufficiently  close  to  make 
the  reader  actjuainted  with  all  that  is  really  valuable  in  the  ori- 
ginnl." — McCuUoch's  Lit.  of  PoUt.  Ecmi. 

'■  It  was  the  earliest  effort  of  antiijuity  to  establish  a  system  of 
political  philosophy.  His  politics  displayed  his  profound  sagacity, 
and  it  is  admitted  that  Cicero,  Machiavel,  Montesquieu,  liacon,  and 
other  statesmen,  were  largely  indebted  to  Aristotle  for  the  most 
solid  of  their  speculations." — Chancellor  Kent. 

4.  A  view  of  the  Reign  of  Frederic  IL  of  Prussia,  &.C., 
1789,  Svo. 

'■  The  work  of  Dr.  Gillies  I  can  in  no  respect  admire.  There  ap- 
pear some  good  observations  about  the  king's  military  genius,  and 
there  are  some  incidents  mentioned  of  a  general  nature,  which  I 
do  not  observe  in  other  P^nglish  works.  On  the  whole,  I  can  re- 
commend it  to  the  student  only  when  he  wishes  to  learn  what  tan 
be  said  in  the  praise  or  defence  of  Frederic.  Gillies  appears  to  me 
only  a  warm  panegyrist,  and  on  this  occasion  neither  a  historian 
nor  a  philosopher."— P/v/.  Smyth's  Lcct.  on  Mod.  Hist. 

5.  The  Hist,  of  the  World  from  the  Reign  of  Alexander 
to  Augustus,  1807-10,  2  vols.  4to. 

'*  It  does  not  appear  to  present  such  a  luminous  and  masterly 
view  of  the  very  interesting  period  which  it  embraces,  as  would 
have  been  given  by  JMr.  Gibbon  or  Dr.  Robertson;  but  it  exhibits 
proofs  of  learned  research,  and  may,  upon  the  whole,  we  think,  be 
read  with  pleasure  and  advantage.  It  deserves  no  praise  on  the 
score  of  style,  which  is  commonly  diffuse  and  overcharged;  and 
often  vulgar  and  slovenlv."— -EV/t'n.  Bev.,  xi.  40-61. 

6.  Trans,  of  Aristotle's  Rhetoric,  1S23,  Svo.  The  his- 
torical works  of  Dr.  Gillies  may  still  be  consulted  by  the 
student  with  advantage,  but  should  be  fnllowed  by  a  care- 
ful perusal  of  the  results  of  more  recent  investigations. 

Gillie.s,  Robert  Pieree,  one  of  Blackwood's  early 
contributors,  the  "  Kemperhausen"  of  the  Noctes  Ambro- 
siAN,E,  the  originator  and  first  editor  of  the  Foreign  Quar- 
terly Review,  the  author  of  Varia,  Childe  Alariqne,(  Poems ;) 
Recollections  of  Sir  Walter  Scott,  1827;  Sir  Henry  Lon- 
gueville,  (a  Novel.)  Ac;  and  translator  of  German  litera- 
ture, has  told  his  own  story  in  the  Memoirs  of  a  Literary 
Veteran,  Lon.,  1S51,  3  vols*,  p.  Svo,  to  which  we  refer  the 
reader. 

"  Mr.Gillies  has  this  advantage  over  many  collectors  of  similar 
reminiscences,  that  he  was  not  only  an  author  among  authors,  but 
that  his  social  position  in  early  life  gave  him  access  to  the  best  cir- 
cles. Scott.  Wordsworth.  Campbell,  the  Ettrick  8hepherd,  Kogers, 
Oalt,  Maginn,  Ilaydon,  and  many  more  names  of  interest,  figure 
frequently  in  his  pages." 

'•Mr.  Robert  Pierce  Gillies  is  a  gentleman  of  the  Scotch  bar, 
favourably  known  bv  translations  from  the  German." — Wm.  U. 
Pbescott;  iV.  Aincr.  Bev.,  xlvi.  434,  April,  183S. 


GIL 


GIL 


Gxlliland,  Thomas.  1.  Dramatic  Synopsis,  Lon., 
1S04,  Svo.  2.  Elbow  lloom,  1804,  Svo.  3.  Dramatic  Mir- 
ror; containiDg  the  Hist,  of  tbo  iStnge  from  the  earliest 
period  to  the  present  time;  inchidin>^  a.  Biog.  and  Crit. 
account  of  all  the  Dramatic  "Writers  Irum  10(55  to  the  pre- 
sent time;  and  also  a  Hist,  of  the  Country  Theatres  in 
England.  Ireland,  and  Scotland,  Lon.,  1S07,  2  vols.  12mo. 

"This  history  of  Ihe  sta^e  and  account  < if  dramatic  writers  is  of 
little  ^  .tlue," — L'/wTuks^s  Bibl.  Man. 

Gillin^,  Isaac.     Serms..  1704,  'OS,  '19,  all  Svo. 

GiUiiigwatcr,  Edmuucl.  1.  ParUh  Workhouses, 
Lon.,  17:StJ.  Svo.  2.  Ilist.  Acct.  of  Lowestoft,  1790.  4to. 
3.  Hist,  and  Duscrip.  Acct.  of  St.  Edmund's  Bury,  Suffolk, 
St.  Edm.,  181)4.  12mo;  1811,  Svo. 

GiUiss,  Lieut.  J.  M.,  U.  S.  Navy,  distinguished  for 
his  scientific  acquirements,  and  especially  for  astronomical 
erudition.  The  U.  »S.  Naval  Astronomical  Expedition  to 
the  Southern  Hemisphere  during  the  years  1S49,  *60,  '51, 
'52.  Lieut.  J.  M.  GiUiss,  Superintendent;  Lieut.  Archibald 
Macrae,  Acting  Master  S.  L.  Phelps,  Capt.'s  Clerk  E.  R. 
Smith,  Assistants.  Vol.  L  Chile:  its  Geography,  Climate, 
Earthquakes,  Government,  Social  Cnndition,  Mineral  and 
Agricultural  Resources,  Commerce,  etc.  etc.  Vol.  IL  The 
Andes,  Minerals,  Animals,  Plants,  and  Fossils ;  Phila.,  1856, 
2  vols.  4to,  pp.  566  and  .3(J0.  Dee])ly  interesting,  and  most 
valuable  contributions  to  our  knowledge  of  this  portion  of 
the  American  Continent. 

Gillniaii,  James.  Dissert,  on  the  Bite  of  a  Rabid 
Animal,  Lon.,  1812.  Svo.  This  essay  received  a  prize  from 
the  Roy.  Cull,  of  Surg. 

Gilimau,  John,  D.D.     Scnr.,  1721,  Svo. 

Gillmau, Webster.    Poll  for  Kent,(tc.,1796,lS02.Svo. 

Gillmor,  C,  Vicar  of  Dartford.  1.  Reply  to  Mr. 
Baptist  W.  Noel's  Essay  against  the  Union  of  Church  and 
State,  1S49,  ISmo;  2  eds. 

"  The  reply  should  everywhere  tread  upon  the  heels  of  the  Es- 
say." — Nonconform  ht. 

*'It  is  a  most  al-le  and  di5;pas>;ionnte  refutation  of  the  many 
reasons  brought  forward  by  Mi-.  .Noel." — Bnth  Herald. 

2.  Israel  in  the  Ascendant,  2d  ed.,  1853.  Svo. 

Gillon,  Joseph.  1.  Erskine's  (John)  Institute  of  the 
Law  of  Scotland,  1805,  fol.  2.  Erskine's  (John)  Principles 
of  the  Law  of  Scotland,  1809,  Svo. 

GiHou,  Thomas.  Catholic  Principles  of  Allegiance 
illustrated.  Lon.,  1S07,  Svo. 

Gillray,  James,  d.  1S15,  a  celebrated  ciiricaturist, 
exerted  no  small  influence  ou  the  politics  of  his  day.  Sets 
of  his  original  plates,  all  engraved  by  himself  between 
1799  and  1810,  had  become  extremely  rare — indeed  a  com- 
plete set  could  not  be  procured  at  any  price — when  Mr. 
Henry  Bohn.  in  1849,  repub.  an  ed.  in  one  large  atlas  fob, 
for  the  trifling  price  of  £8  8s.  To  this  vol.  should  be 
added  the  descriptive  vol.  of  letter-press,  by  Thomas 
Wright  and  R.H.Evans,  1850.  8vo.  Some  years  before 
the  appearance  of  Bohn's  ed.,  Mr.  Maclean  pub.  one  at  the 
price  of  twenty-five  guineas,  in  two  thin  vols.  This  ed.  is 
now  rare.  Its  contents,  with  additional  subjects,  will  be 
found  in  Mr.  Bohn's  ed. 

Gillson,  Edward.  1,  Lectures  on  the  Second  Ad- 
vent, Lon.,  1S45,  ]2mo;  1S47. 

*'  Four  ysceilent  discourses.  .  . .  The  sulject  is  handled  through- 
out ill  a  practical  way.'' — AchiR.  Mks.  Herald. 

2.  The  Relapsed  Demoniac.  3.  Parting  Token:  Ten 
concluding  Sernis.,  1854,  fp.  Svo. 

GilUim,  K.,  M.D.     Letter  to  Dr.  Mill,  1803. 

Gillum,  Mm.,  d.  1797.  1.  Misceli.  Poems,  and  a 
Farce  called  What  will  the  World  say?  Lon.,  1787,  Svo. 
2.  The  present  AVar  with  France,  1794,  Svo. 

Gilly,  Sarah.     Receipts,  Lon.,  1602,  Svo. 

"  With  a  portrait  of  S.  Gilly,  by  W.  Faithorue,  (after  Lely.)  This 
portrait  was  atterwards  altered  to  Hannah  Woo\ky. "—Lowiides's 
Bibl.  Man. 

Gilly,  W.  O,  S.  Shipwrecks  of  the  Roval  Navy, 
1793-1819,  Lon.,  1850,  p.  Svo;  1S51. 

Gilly,  \Vm.  Stephen,  D.D.,  Canon  of  Durham,  and 
Vicar  of  Norham,  d.  1855.  1.  The  Spirit  of  the  Gospel, 
1818,  8vo. 

"This  volume  is  a  valuable  addition  to  the  divinity  treasuj-y : 
its  lan3:uage  and  comments  are  matured;  but  it  rarely  has  ipse 
dixit  opiuious." — AntiJncohin  Rrv.,  Xo.  245. 

2.  Excursions  to  the  Mountains  of  Piedmont,  and  Re- 
searches among  the  Vaudois,1824,4to;  1825, Svo;  lS26,Svo. 

"One  of  the  most  interesting  volumes  that  has  lately  appeared."' 
— Lnn.  Quar.  Ri'v.,  x.xxiii,  134-176. 

All  who  are  interested  in  the  Wablenses  should  read  both 
this  and  the  following  volumes — Nus.  3,  5,  and  7 — and  the 
review  from  which  we  have  just  quoted. 

3.  Second  Visit;  or,  Waldcusian  Researches,  1831.  Svo. 
'•  Exceedingly  intt^resting,  and  th^  more  so  as  all  the  details  are 

given  from  actvuU  ob3erv.ition." — Lon.  A(?ien<Eum. 

4a 


4.  Horje  Catecheticce,  1828,  Svo. 

"An  esteemed  vfcrk."~L<»rn'U::i's  lint.  Lib. 

6.  Valdenses,  Valdo,  and  VIgilantius;  being  the  articles 
under  these  heads  in  the  l?eveuth  Ed.  Encyc.  Brit.,  1841, 
p.  Svo. 

'•  An  eloquent  account,  fram  personal  observation,  of  that  small 
comniuoity  of  Protestants,  who,  in  the  secluded  valleys  of  the 
Cotti;m  Alps,  have  for  many  centuries  maintained  the  purity  of 
their  faith  and  worship,  and  kept  up  the  vestal  fire  of  their  moun- 
tain church,  in  the  midst  of  privations  and  persecutions  not  yet 
estinpuished." — Lon.  Quarterly  Hevicw. 

6.  The  Peasantry  of  the  Border;  an  Appeal  in  their 
Behalf,  1842,  Svo. 

"Give  them  good  cottages,  and  help  them  to  educate  their 
children." 

Of  this  excellent  work  a  second  ed.,  enlarged,  has  ap- 
peared, with  plans,  estimates,  Ac. 

7.  Vigilantius  and  his  Times,  1844,  Svo. 

*'  The  history  of  this  reformer  and  his  controversy  with  Jei-ome 
have  b.'en  recently  subje<fed  to  an  elaborate  examination  by  the 
Kev.  Tir.  Gilly  in  his  learned  and  instructive  work,  Vit;i]antius  and 
his  Tiuies,  which  the  student  ou;;lit  by  all  means  to  consult  in 
order  to  obtain  a  clear  idea  of  the  deplorable  sfat«  of  religion  in  the 
earlypartof  this(the5th)centurv."— Dr.  J.  SeatonKeid,  £(/i7oro/ 

8.  Roraaunt  Version  of  the  Gospel  according  to  vSt.  John. 
1848,  Svo. 

Gilmau,  Mr.s.  Caroline,  a  daughter  of  the  late 
Samuel  Howard  of  Boston,  wa;>  born  in  that  city,  October 
8,  1794.  At  the  e:irly  age  of  16.  she  wrote  a  poem  entitled 
Jcphthah"?  Ra.-h  Vow,  which  wns  succeeded  by  another 
poetical  eliusi.  n,  Jainis's  Daughter,  which  was  pub.  in 
The  North  An  eriean  Review.  In  1S19  she  was  married 
to  Samuel  Gilnian.  D.D.,  wlio.  shortly  after  this  event,  be- 
came pastor  of  the  Unitariau  Church  in  Charleston,  South 
Camlina,  which  office  he  retained  until  his  death,  in  1858. 
In  1832  Mrs.  Gilman  commenced  editing  The  Rosebud,  a 
hebdomadal,  perhaps  the  first  juvenile  newspaper  pub.  in 
the  United  States. 

"  From  this  periodical  I  h.ave  reprinted,  at  various  times,  the 
following  volumes: — Recollections  ola  New  Enj;land  Housekeeper; 
Kecollections  of  a  Southern  Matron;  Kuth  Kajmoiid;  or.  Love's 
Projiress;  Poetry  of  Travelling  in  the  United  States;  Tales  and 
Ballads;  Verses  of  a  Life- Time;  Letters  of  l-^liza  Wilkinson  during 
tbi-  Inva-sion  of  Chaileston.  Also  seveial  volumes  for  youth,  now 
collected  in  one,  and  recently  published  as  Mrs.  Gilman's  GL1- 
Book."    See  Mrs.  Hales  Records  of  Women,  N.  Y.,  1853,  r.  Svo. 

To  this  list  must  be  added  Oracles  for  Youth,  1854; 
Oracles  from  the  Poets;  and  Sibyl;  or,  New  Oracles  from 
the  Poets,  1554. 

Mrs.  (Oilman  is  best  known  by  the  Recollections  of  a 
New  England  Housekeeper,  and  Recollections  of  a  Southern 
Matron,  of  both  of  which  there  have  been  many  editions. 

'■  Her  works  will  long  be  valued  for  the  spirit  and  fidelity  with 
whi.h  she  has  painted  rural  and  domestic  lil'e  in  the  northern  and 
in  the  southern  states.  Her  Recollections  of  a  New  England 
Housekeeper  and  Recollections  of  a  Southern  Matron  are  equally 
happy,  and  both  show  habits  of  minute  observation,  skill  in  cha- 
racter-writing, and  an  artist-like  power  of  grouping.  They  are 
also  pervaded  by  a  genial  tone,  and  a  true  love  of  nature  and 
good  sense.  .  .  .  The  poems  of  Mrs.  Gil-'^in  abound  in  e.xpressions 
of  wise,  womanly  feeling,  and  are  frefjuenUy  marked  by  a  graceful 
elegance  of  manner."' — Griswold's  Female  I'otls  of  America. 

See  Glovkii,  Mrs.  Caroline  H. 

Gilmau,  Charles.  Decisions  Sup.  Cts.  of  Indiana 
and  Illinois,  and  Cir.  Ct.  U.  S.  for  7th  Cir.,  Columbus, 
1844,  Svo. 

Gilmau,  Samuel,  D.D.,  b.  1701,  in  Gloucester, 
Massachusetts;  entered  Hnrvard  College  in  18li7,  in  the 
same  class  with  N.  L.  Frothingham  and  Edward  Everett 
lie  graduated  in  ISll,  and  was,  from  1817  to  1819,  tutor 
in  his  college.  In  1819  he  was  married  to  Miss  Caroline 
How.ard,  (see  Gilman,  Mrs.  Caroline,)  and  removed  to 
Charleston,  South  Carolina,  where  he  remained  until  his 
death  in  185S,  as  pastor  of  the  Unitarian  Church  of  that 
city.  Dr.  Gilman  contributed  many  valuable  papers  to  tho 
North  American  Review  on  the  Lectures  of  Dr.  Thomas 
Brown,  a  trans,  of  several  of  the  satires  of  Boileau,  Ac, 
and  pub.  other  essays  upon  various  subjects  in  the  Boston 
Christian  Examiner,  the  London  Monthh-  Repository,  &c., 
together  with  discourses,  biographies,  essays,  and  transla- 
tions, which  exhibit  a  wide  range  of  knowledge  and  are 
"all  executed  with  taste  and  scholarship."  His  Memoirs 
of  a  New  England  Choir,  of  which  there  have  been  three 
eds.,  has  been  greatly  admired  for  the  lone  of  humorous 
vivacity  and  graphic  descriptivcness  which  distinguishes  it 
He  pub.,  in  1852,  the  Pleasures  and  Pains  of  a  Student's 
Life,  and,  in  1856,  a  vol.  entitled  Contributions  to  Litera- 
ture, Critical,  Humorous,  Biographical,  Philosophical,  and 
Poetical.  Noticed  in  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  July,  LSofi,  271,  by 
A,  P.  Peabody,  D.D.  Of  his  poems.  The  History  of  the 
Ray  of  Light,  and  his  Poem  read  before  the  Phi  Beta  Kappa 
Society  of  Harvard  College,  are  among  the  best-knowa, 

673 


GIL 

A  review  of  some  of  Dr.  Gihuan's  sermons  will  be  found  in  j 
the  Boston  Christian  Disoiiile.  iv.  33.     See  an  interesting 
biographical  sketch  of  Dr.  (jilman  in  the  Monthly  Eoli- 
gious  Magazine,  Boston,  April,  1S58.     Also  Dr.  Burnap's 
Funeral  Discourse. 

Gilmer,  W.  Cases  Deoiiled  in  Ct,  Appeals  of  Vir- 
ginia, 1K20  to  1821,  Richmontl,  1S21,  8vo. 

Gilmour,  Sir  John,  of  Craigmill.ir.  Decisions  of 
the  Lords  of  Council  and  Session  from  July,  1661,  to  July. 
1666,  Edin.,  1701,  4to. 

Gilmour,  Capt.  Robt.  1.  Lnthalre:  a  Romance, 
181.=i.  Svo.  2.  The  Battle  of  Waterloo ;  a  Poem,  ISlfi,  8vo. 
Gilpin,  Bernara,  1317-1SS:5,  the  "Apostle  of  the 
North,"  a  native  of  Westmoreland,  educated  at  and  Fel- 
low of  Queen's  Coll.,  Oxf ,  became  Vicar  of  Norton,  Dur- 
ham, 1552,  and  subsequently  Rector  of  Huughton-le- 
Spring.  He  refused  the  bishopric  of  Carlisle  and  the 
provostship  of  Queen's  College.  He  embraced  the  prin- 
ciples of  the  Reformation  with  great  ardour,  and  no  man 
of  his  day  was  more  famous  for  abundant  labours,  un- 
quenchable zeal,  and  holiness  of  life.  1.  A  Godly  Serm., 
1581.  Also,  aiiie  aiiMi.  1.  Serm.,  16.'j0,  4to.  Ills  Life 
was  written  by  Bishop  Carleton,  1628,  Ac. — see  Words- 
worth's Eccl.  Biog.,  iv.  367  :  an  article  by  Southey  in  the 
Quar.  Rev.,  xxxi.x.  375  ;  and  his  Life  by  his  descendant.  Rev. 
Wm.  Gilpin,  1753.  New  ed.,  with  Introduc.  Essay  by  the 
Rev.  Edward  Irving.  1824,  12mo:  1830,  l2mo ;  1854,  Svo. 
"Thus  died  Bernitrd  Gilpin,  wlio,  for  his  exemplary  piety,  labo- 
rious virtue,  and  unbounded  beuevolenco,  desenes  to  have  his 
name  transmitted  to  posterity  with  respect  and  i-everence,  and 
who  obtained — and  most  deservedly — among  his  contemporaries  the 
title  of  the  Northern  Apostle." 

Gilpin,  Bernard,  Rector  of  Warmington,  Warwick- 
shire.    Accession  Serm.  on  Judges  xvii.  6,  1717,  Svo. 

Gilpin,  Bernard,  Rector  of  St.  Andrew,  Hertford. 
Anthologia  Sacra.  Lon.,  1832,  Svo. 

Gilpin,  Edw.  Skialetheia;  or,  A  Shadow  of  Truth 
in  Certain  Epigrams  and  Satyres,  Lon.,  1508,  16mo. 

Gilpin,  George,  brother  of  Bernard,  Privy-Counsellor 
of  Queen  Elizabeth,  and  her  ambassador  at  the  Hague, 
negotiated  Treaty  of  1596.  between  her.  Henry  IV.  of 
France,  and  the  Dutch  Republic ;  trans,  from  the  Dutch 
Alegambe's  satire  against  P<tpery,  entitled  The  Bee  Hiue 
of  the  Romishe  Churche,  Lon.,  1580,  '98,  16mo. 

Gilpin,  George,  Secretary  of  the  Royal  Society.  Con. 
(ui  Nat.  Philo,s.  to  PhU.  Trans.,  17'J4, 1806,  and  Nic.  Jour., 
1807. 

Gilpin,  Gilbert.  Con.  on  Machines  to  Nic.  Jour., 
1806.  '08. 

Gilpin,  Henry.  Massacre  of  the  Bards,  and  other 
Poems.  Luu.,  1830,  12mo. 

Gilpin,  Henry  D.,  a  lawyer  of  Philadelphia,  noted  for 
his  attainments  in  the  Greek  and  Latin  classics,  b.  in  1801 ; 
graduated  in  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1819 ;  Attor- 
ney of  the  U.S.  for  Pennsylvania,  1832 ;  Solicitor  of  the 
Treasury  of  the  United  States,  1837;  Attorney-General  of 
the  United  States,  1840;  now  President  of  the  Pennsyl- 
vania Academy  of  the  ]?ine  Arts,  Vice-President  of  the 
Historical  Society,  and  Director  of  Girard  College.  1.  Re- 
ports of  Cases  Dist.  Ct.  U.S.  for  East.  Dist.  Penna.  1S28- 
?,6,  Phila.,  1837,  Svo. 

*'  Judge  Hopkinson's  decisions  occupy  the  greater  part  of  the 
volume,  and  are  very  able  and  excellent  expositions  of  Admiralty 
Law.  'The  Reporter  has  given  clear  and  concise  statements  of  the 
fai-ts  in  each  case,  and  the  book  enjoys,  in  all  respects,  a  high 
reputation." — Marvin's  Leg,  Bihl.     See  IS  Amer.  Jur.,  521. 

2.  Opinions  of  the  Attorneys-General  of  the  U.S.  from 
the  beginning  of  the  Govt,  to  1841  :  taken  from  Official 
Documents  transmitted  to  Congress,  AVash.,  1841, 2  vols.  Svo. 
"  The  work  is  an  interesting  one,  and  every  way  a  fitting  monu- 
ment t«  the  reputation  of  the  distinguished  men  who  have  suc- 
cessively filled  the  Attorney-Generalship  of  the  United  States." — 
1  Pa.  Law  J.,  264. 

To  Mr.  Gilpin  we  are  also  indebted  for  the  supervision 
of  the  publication,  by  authority  of  Congress,  of  The  Papers 
of  .J.aiues  Madison,  vols,  i.,  ii.,  iii.,  pp.  580,  xxii. ;  662 ;  382, 
ccxlvi.,  1840,  Svo.  These  papers  were  purchased  from 
Mrs.  Madison  by  the  Govt,  of  the  United  States  for  thirty 
thousand  dollars.  See  a  review  of  their  character,  by 
Charles  Francis  Adams,  in  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  liii.  41. 

Mr.  Gilpin  edited  and  wrote  many  articles  in  prose  and 
verse  in  the  Atlantic  Souvenir,  the  firstliterary  annual  pub. 


GIL 

of  Livingston,  Wright,  Forsyth.  Poinsett,  and  other  states- 
roen,  now  deceased,  with  whom  he  was  associated.  Nume- 
roijs  addresses  and  speeches  of  his  have  been  printed,  deli- 
vered on  public  occasions  or  before  societies  connected  with 
literature,  science,  and  the  Fine  Arts. 

Gilpin,  Jeremiah.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1787,  Svo. 
Gilpin,  John,  of  Kendal,  Eng.    The  Quakers  Shaken, 
Lon.,  1653,  4to. 

Gilpin,  Joseph.     Epidemic  Fever  at  Gibr.a!tar  in  the 
years  1804.  'Id,  '13  ;  :\Iedico-Chirurg.  Trans.,  v.  333,  1S14. 
Gilpin,  Joshua,  Vicar  of  Wrockwardine.     Sermons 
and  Tlicol.  Tieat,,17S5-lS17.    Life  of  St.  Paul,  ISOB.   Mo- 
nument of  Parental  Affection,  1812. 

Gilpin,  Joshua,  Phila.  Memoir  on  a  Canal  from  the 
Chesapeake  to  the  Delaware,  1821,  Svo.  Verses  written  at 
the  Fountain  of  Vaucluse,  1799,  Svo.  Farm  of  Virgil,  and 
other  Poems,  1830.  12mo. 

Gilpin,  Kand.  Liturgica  Sacra,  Carmine,  1657,  Svo. 
Gilpin,  Richard,  1625-1 699,  graduated  M.D.  at 
Leydcn  :  studied  divinity,  and  was  Rector  of  Graystock 
in  Cumb. ;  resigned  it  from  non-compliance  with  the  Act 
of  Uniformity.  Di.sputatio  Medicade  Hysterica  Passione. 
The  Temple' Rebuilt,  Lon.,  1658.  Sermons,  Lon.,  1700. 
Demonologia  Sacra;  or,  A  Treatise  of  Satan's  Tempta- 
tions.    In  three  parts,  Lon.,  1677,  4to. 

"  If  ever  there  was  a  man  that  was  clearly  .tcquainted  with  the 
cabinet  councils  of  hell,  this  author  is  the  man." — Rijland's  Cotton 
Matlier. 

'*  An  excellent  work  ;  shows  the  snares  of  our  great  enemy,  and 
is  full  of  Christian  experif  nee." — Bichcrslftli's  C.  A'. 
Gilpin,  Richard.     ,Serm.,  Lon.,  1700,  4to. 
Gilpin,  Rev,  Thomas,     The  Odes  of  Auacreon,  in 
English  Prose.  Lon..  1807.  12mo;  1808. 

Gilpin,  Thomas,  Phila.,  original  member  of  the 
Amor.  Phil.  Society,  1769.  Con.  to  its  Transactions,  vol.  i. 
339,  ii.  2:'.6. 

Gilpin,  Thomas.  Exiles  in  Virginia:  Observations 
and  Official  Documents  rcl.  to  Friends  during  the  Ameri- 
can Revolution,  1S4S,  Svo.  On  Representation  of  Minori- 
ties, 1844.  Svo.  On  Organic  Remains  Connected  with  an 
Ancient  Tropical  Region.  1843,  Svo. 

Gilpin,  William,  1724-1804,  Vicar  of  Boldre,  in  the 
New  Forest,  and  Preb.  of  Salisbury,  was  the  author  of 
many  valuable  theological  and  other  works,  some  of  which 
we  notice.  He  left  the  profits  of  his  publications  for  tlio 
endowment  of  a  school  or  schools  at  Boldre.  He  was  an 
accomplished  artist,  as  his  illustrations  to  his  vols,  abun- 
dantly prove.  His  brother  Snwrey,  a  professional  artist, 
contributed  etchings  of  cattle  to  William's  picturesque 
works.  1.  Life  of  Bernard  (Jilpin,  Lon.,  1753,  Svo.  2  Of 
Latimer,  1755,  Svo.  3.  Of  Wickliff,  &c.,  1765,  Svo.  4.  Of 
Cranmer,  1784,  Svo.  5.  Of  the  Reformers,  1809,  2  vols.  Svo. 
6.  Lect.  on  the  Catechism  of  the  Ch.  of  Eng.,  1779,  2  vols. 
12mo. 

■•  This  book  greatly  merits  the  attention  of  young  persons.  — 
Bishop  Watson. 

7.  Expos,  of  the  N.  Test.,  1790,  4to ;  2d  ed.,  1 1 93,  2  vols. 
Svo.     Other  eds. 

"A  justly-admired  and  ably-executed  work.'  —Home  s  BiU.  Bit>. 
See  lliit.  Ciit.,  0.  S.,  iv.  122. 

8.  Dialogues  on  the  Amusements  of  the  Clergy,  1797, 
12mo. 

"  Written  under  the  assumed  name  of  Dr.  Frampton,  hut  really, 
as  1  believe,  by  the  late  Rev.  William  Gilpin,  Vicar  of  Boldre.  m 
the  New  I'orest.  A  olergvnian  may  derive  from  it,  I  am  per- 
suaded, many  valuable  bints  with  respect  to  his  amusements, 
and  he  will  be  amply  repaid  for  the  perus.al  by  the  neatness  and 
entertaining  character  of  the  composition,  as  well  as  by  the 
general  correctness  of  its  sentiments."— £/<.  Manfs  Ckrgymalis 
ObUnatimis,  p.  338.  .       ,      -v, 

**  Sound  arguments  ag.ainst  many  that  are  indefensible,  and  a 
pleading  for  those  less  objectionable."— i)!c/.frs/c//rs  C.  S. 

9.  Serms.  preached  to  a  Country  Congregation.  Vol.  i., 
1799;  3d  ed.,  1802;  vol  ii.,  2d  ed.,  ISOl ;  vol.  iii.,  1S03; 
vol.  iv.,  1805. 

"  We  strongly  recommend  these  discourses  to  the  frequent 
perusal  and  tli'e  careful  imitation  of  the  young  clergy,  espe- 
cially those  who  reside  in  the  country.  "—-Dr.  Aikin's  Annml 
Eevicw.  n,     /-,  , 

10.  We  class  under  one  head  a  series  of  Mr.  6.  s  works 
generally  sold  together,  the  first  issued  of  which.  Forest 
Scenery,  was  pub.  (first  ed.)  in  1791,  2  vols.  Svo.  Works 
on  the  Picturesque  in  Landscape  Scenery  and  Gardening, 


in  America,  Phila.,  1826-32.  He  is  also  the  author  of  many  '  comprising  Observations  and  Artistical  Remarks  on  the 
articles,  literary  and  political,  in  the  American  Quarterly  Picturesque  Beauty  of  various  Parts  of  England,  ^J"'^'' 
Review  and  the  Democratic  Review,  and  some  in  the  North  and  Scotland,  in  a  Series  of  Tours  and  Essays,  1808,  &c. 
American  Review.  A  Large  number  of  the  Biographies  of  1.  Northern  Tour,  2  vols.  2.  Southern  Tour,  1  vol. 
theSignersof  the  Declaration  of  Indeiiendenco  were  written  3.  Western  Tour,  1  vol.  4.  Eastern  Tour,  1  vol.  5.  Scot- 
by  him:  and  the  .second  edition  of  that  colkcti..n  was  on-  1  tish  Tour,  2  vols.  6.  River  Wye,  Ac,  1  vol.  7.  iorest 
tirely  revised,  enlarged  with  much  fresh  original  matter,  |  Scenery,  Ac,  2  vols.  S.  Five  Essays:  on  1  icturesque 
and  edited  by  him.  He  has  published  biographical  notices  i  Beauty,  Travel,  Landscape,  Drawings,  1  vol.  9.  1  rints 
674 


GIL 


GIS 


and  Early  Engravers,  1  vol.  Together,  12  vols.  8vo, 
1808,  &c.,  with  187  aquatiuta  engravings.  Pub.  at  £10 
10s.  Now  (1856)  worth  about  £3  10«.  to  £4  10».,  accord- 
ing to  condition. 

"A  gentleman  by  whose  pen  and  whose  pencil  I  have  been 
almost  t'liually  tlt.'li^hted,  and  who,  with  an  originality  that  alwaya 
accompanies  true  genius,  may  be  considered  as  having  opened  a 
new  source  of  enjoyment  in  surveying  the  works  of  nature." — 
Green's  Diary  of  a  Lover  of  Literature. 

"All  these  works  [Gilpin's  Tours]  display  a  deep  and  sincere 
judgment,  and  are  written  in  a  style  approi)riate  to  the  subject 
and  worthy  of  the  matter." — St^vensori's  Voyages  and  T)-avelx. 

"Gilpin  has  described,  in  several  justly-esteemed  tours,  the 
Picturesque  Beauties  of  Great  Britain.  All  his  volumes  arc  ac- 
companied by  engravings  in  aqnatint,  executed  by  liimself  with 
the  tiiste  and  feelings  of  a  painter.  He  has  in  some  measure  cre- 
ated a  new  kind  of  tour,  which  has  found  bail  imitators  every- 
where. All  his  works  abound  with  ingenious  n-tlections,  proper 
to  enrich  the  theory  of  the  arts  and  to  guide  thf  practice  of  them." 
— liiograp/iif-  l~inre-r.<plle,. 

Gilpiu,  William,  d.  1848,  Rector  of  Pulverbatch, 
1806,  son  of  the  preceding,  and  his  successor  as  master  of 
the  school  at  Cheam,  Surrey,  Serms.,  illustrative  and 
practical,  Lon.,  1820,  8vo. 

Gilpin,  William  Sawrey,  d.  1S43,  aged  81,  land- 
scape-gardener, sou  of  Sawrey  Gilpin,  arti?t  of  the  Royal 
Academy,  and  cousin  to  the  subject  of  the  preceding 
notice.  Practicnl  Hints  upon  Landscape  Gardening,  Lon., 
1832,  r.  8vo;   1835. 

"A  very  interesting  work.  Mr.  Gilpin's  well-known  labours, 
and  their  effect  in  advancin;^  and  refining  the  portion  of  our  home 
enjoyments  connected  with  the  garden,  render  it  unnecessary  for 
us  to  say  more  than  that  this  volume  contains  graplii'-  enibL-llish- 
ments  which  at  once  adorn  the  work  and  illustrate  its  instruc- 
tions."— Lon,  Literary  Gazette. 

Gilpin's  terms  were  five  guineas  a  day  and  travelling 
expenses  paid. 

Gilroy,  C.  G.  Art  of  Weaving  by  Hand  and  by 
Power;  2d  ed.,  Manches.,  1853,  r.  Svo. 

'*  We  have  s«ldom  or  never  seen  a  more  elaborate  work  upon 
anv  department  of  the  art.  It  is  a  curious  and  extraordiuaay 
hoo\i:'—Belfad  Times. 

Gilson,  David,  Curate  of  St.  Saviour's,  Southwark. 
1.  Serms.  on  Prac.  Subjects,  Lon.,  1/88,  Svo.  2,  3,  4.  Oc- 
cas.  Serms.,  1793,  '94,  ISOO.  5.  Serms.  on  Prac.  Subjects, 
with  IMemoir. 

"  Contains  many  beautiful  and  impressive  passages,  much  solid 
argument,  and  a  great  deal  of  useful  and  edifying  instruction.'' — 
Vi'le  Life. 

Gipps,  George.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1645,  4to. 

Gipps,  Henry,  Vicar  of  St.  Peter's,  Hereford.  1. 
Treat,  on  the  First  Resurrection,  &c.,  Lon.,  1831,  12mo. 

*'An  elaborate  work,  written  against  the  millenarian  view  of 
Scripture." — Low7}des's  Brit.  Lib. 

2.  Serms.  and  Sketches  of  Serms.,  with  Remarks  upon 
his  Pulpit  Ministry,  by  the  Rev.  J.  H.  Latrobe,  1S33,  Svo. 

'■These  sermons  of  the  Evangelical  school  are  composed  in  a 
plain  and  homely,  but  sometimes  energetic  style,  and  with  an 
earnest  sincerity,  sometimes  harshness,  of  tone." — Brit.  Cnt.,  18-34. 

"  A  volume  nf  evangelical  sermoDS,  by  one  of  the  most  eminent 
and  devoted  ministers  of  the  Establishment." — London  Congrega- 
tional Magazine. 

Gipps,  Thomas.     Serm.,  Ac.,  1683,  '99. 

Giraltlus  Cambrensis.     See  Barry,  Girald. 

Girdler,  J.  S.  1.  Forestalling,  Regrating.  and  In- 
grossing,  &c.,  Lon.,  1800,  Svo.  2.  High  Price  of  Pro- 
visions, 1800. 

Girdleston,  Rev.  J.  L.  1.  New  Version  of  Pindar, 
Lon.  and  Norw.,  1810,  4to.  2.  Facts  tending  to  prove 
that  General  Lee  was  Junius,  Lon.,  1813,  Svo.    See  Junius. 

Girdlestone,  Charles,  Rural  Dean,  Rector  of  Kings- 
wiuford.  Staffordshire.  1.  New  Test.,  with  a  Comment., 
Lon.,  1S32-35,  4  pts.  Svo ;  2  vols.  New  ed.,  1850,  2  vols.  Svo. 

*'  These  labours  are  an  honour  to  Mr.  Girdlestone,  and  a  service 
to  the  Christian  world." — Brit.  Critic.  ^ 

2.  Old  Test.,  with  a  Comment.,  1836-38,  pts.  1  to  3,  Svo. 
New  ed.,  1850,  4  vols.  Svo. 

"  Two  most  valuable  pr.ictical  expositions  of  the  Old  and  New 
Testaments." — ITorne's  Bibl.  Bib. 

We  cite  also  the  following  commendation  of  Mr.  Girdle- 
stone's  Commentaries  on  the  Old  and  New  Testaments : 

'•All  controversial  doctrines,  all  abstruse  theories,  and  all 
learned  discussions  are  carefully  avoided,  while  the  capacities  and 
wants  of  an  ordinary  domestic  circle  are  kept  steadily  in  view." — 
L^m.  C/iris.  Bemem. 

Mr.  G.  has  also  pub.  several  series  of  serms.,  Ac.,  and 
edited,  in  conjunction  with  the  Rev.  Wm.  A.  Osborne,  an 
expurgated  and  annotated  edition  of  the  Greek  and  Latin 
classics,  adapted  to  the  use  of  young  persons;  pub.  by 
Messrs.  Longman  &  Co.,  of  London. 

Girdlestone,  Thomas,  M.D.,  1758-1822,  a  native 
of  Holt,  Norfolk,  practised  for  36  years  at  Yarmouth. 
1.  Diabetes,  Tarm.,  1799,  Svo.  2.  Odes  of  Anncreon,  in 
English  verse,  Lon.,  1S03,  cr.  Svoj  3d  ed.,  1806. 


Girdlestone,  Rev.  Wm.  Observ.  on  Daniel  and 
on  part  of  the  Revelations  of  St.  John,  with  an  Append, 
on  the  24th  chap,  of  St.  Matt.,  Ac.  Oxf..  1820,  Svo. 

Girle,  S.     Serms.,  1790.  1803,  *05.  all  Svo. 

Girrard,  J.     Lect.  on  Education,  Eson.,  1757.  12mo. 

Girtin,  James.  Seventy-five  Portraits  of  Celebrated 
Painters,  from  authentic  Originals,  Lon.,  1817,  4to. 

Girtin,  Thomas.  Views  in  Paris,  Lon.,  1803,  ob- 
long ful. 

Girton,  Daniel.  The  Complete  Pigeon-Fancier, 
Lon.,  1779,  12mo. 

"A  very  judicious  compilation." — Lonmdes's  Bibl.  Man. 

Girvan,  Alex.  Reginald  Selwyn;  or,  Lights  and 
Shades  of  Literary  Life,  1S25,  Svo. 

"  We  can  recommend  this  book  to  the  perusal  of  all  who  can 
appreciate  lift-like  portraiture." — L<ni.  M.  Herald. 

Girvin,  John,  1734-1804.  Exportation  of  Kock 
Salt.  Ac,  Lon.,  1800,  Svo. 

Gisborne,  John.  The  Vales  of  Wever;  a  loco-de- 
scriptive Poem,  Lon.,  1797,  4to;  2d  ed.,  1851,  12mo.  A 
Memoir  of  J.  G.,  with  Extracts  from  his  Diary,  was  pub. 
in  1852,  p.  Svo. 

Gisborne,  L.  The  Isthmus  of  Darien  in  1852  :  Jour- 
nal of  E.\pe<lition  of  Inquiry,  Lon.,  1853,  p.  Svo. 

Gisborne,  Thomas,  175S-1S46,  a  native  of  Derby, 
entered  Harrow  School,  1773;  St.  John's  Coll.,  Camb., 
1776;  ordained  deacon,  1781;  priest,  17S2,-  Perpetual  Cu- 
rate of  Barton-under-Ncedwood,  Staffordshire,  17S3;  re- 
sided at  Yoshall  Lodge,  near  Barton,  1783-1S46  ;  Preb.  of 
Durham,  1826.  A  biographical  notice  of  Mr.  G.,  with  a 
list  of  his  works,  will  be  found  in  Lon.  Gent.  Mag.  for 
June,  1846.  His  principal  works  are — 1.  Principles  of 
Moral  Philosophy,  Lon.,  1789,  Svo;  4th  ed.,  with  Remarks 
rel.  to  Slave  Trade,  (pub.  1792.)  179S. 

"A  well-u-iitteu  work,  containing  many  judicious  obsei*va- 
tions." — Loivndes's  Bibl.  Man. 

2.  An  Enquiry  into  the  Duties  of  Men  in  the  Higher 
Rank  and  Middle  Classes  of  Society  in  G.  Brit.,  1794,  4to ; 
1795,  2  vols.  8vo.  3.  Walks  in  a  Forest  j  or,  Poems,  Ac, 
1794,  4to;   1797,  Svo;  7th  ed.,  12mo. 

"Gisbome's  Poems  have  a  title  to  particular  note,  as  possessing 
just  claims  to  original  description.  That  entitled  Walks  in  .i 
Forest  is  a  peculiarly  attractive  work,  not  deficient  in  pathetic 
incident  or  digressional  decoration." — Dr.  Draee. 

4.  Duties  of  the  Female  Sex,  1797,  Svo;  14th  ed.,  1847, 
24mo.  5.  Familiar  Survey  of  the  Chris.  Relig.  and  Hist., 
1797,  Svo ;  8th  ed.,  1840,  fp.  Svo. 

"It  is  a  plain  but  judicious  and  useful  work.  The  first  division 
gives  the  history  of  the  Old  and  New  Testament;  the  second  ex- 
plains the  leading  doctrines  of  our  reIi';ion;  and  the  third  con- 
veys the  history  of  Christianity  from  its  origin  to  the  present 
time." — Lovmde.'i's  Brit.  Lib. 

6.  Poems,  1798,  Svo;  3d  ed,,  12mo.  7.  Serms.,  vol.  i., 
5th  ed.,  1809;  vol.  ii.,  4th  ed.,  1806.  On  Christian  Mo- 
rality, 2d  ed.,  1810,  Svo.  (He  also  pub.  several  occasional 
serms.)  His  serms.  are  considered  "a  model  for  young 
students  of  divinity." 

"The  heart  must  be  cold  which  is  not  moved  by  them,  nor 
should  we  admire  the  head  which  was  impenetrable  to  their  argu- 
ments."— Brit.  Critic. 

"  We  have  read  these  sermons  with  so  much  satisfaction,  that 
were  it  in  our  power  to  aid  their  circulation  by  any  testimony  of 
our  approbation,  we  should  be  almost  at  a  loss  for  terms  suffi- 
ciently strong  and  emphatic." — Rev.  Robert  Hall. 

"Mr.  Gisborne's  style  is  clear  and  nervous,  his  piety  dignified 
and  elevated,  and  his  zeal  tempered  with  mildness  and  candour. 
These  exrellencics  render  his  sermons  a  model  for  young  students 
of  divinity.  esp<'fiaUy  those  who  may  have  to  address  congrega- 
tions of  the  higher  i^lass." — Lon.  Chris.  Observer. 

8.  Serms.  (8)  on  St.  Paul's  Epistle  to  the  Colossiana, 
1816,  12mo. 

"A  practical  exposition  of  an  important  epistle.  It  embodies  an 
evangelical  spirit,  and  affords  some  excellent  illustiations  both  of 
the  doctrine  and  general  influence  of  the  gospel." — (hmc's  Btbl.Bib. 

"A  very  useful  little  work." — Horw'ft  Bibl.  Bib. 

See  an  analysis  of  it  in  the  Lon.  Chris.  Observer  for  1816, 
vol.  XV.,  pp.  525-534. 

9.  The  Testimony  of  Natural  Theology  to  Christianity, 
1818,  12mo. 

'•  Some  additional  illustrations  to  Taley." — Bickersfeth-s  C.  S. 

10.  Considerations  on  the  modern  theories  of  Geology, 
and  their  consistency  or  inconsistency  with  the  Scriptures, 
1837,  Svo. 

11.  An  Enquiry  respecting  Love  as  one  of  the  Divine 
Attributes,  183S,  fp.  Svo. 

*'A  series  of  writings  on  moral  and  theological  subjects,  calm, 
rational,  intelligent,  and  impressive,  contribute  to  place  Gisborne 
in  the  number  of  the  best  Christians,  if  not  of  the  best  writers,  of 
the  age." — Lon.  Qit/ir.  Bev. 

"All  valuable.  They  are  characterized  throughout  by  sound 
principles,  an  elegant  diction,  a  benevolent  and  devout  spirit." — 
Dr.  E.  Williams's  C.  P. 

"The  moral  writings  of  Mr. Gisborne  are  well  known. and  have 
been  long  liighly  prized." — Ormc's  Bibl.  Bib. 

676 


GIS 

Gisborne,  Thomas,  of  Yoxhall  Lod;je,  Staffordshire. 
X.  Letter  to  Rev.  H.  Phillpots,  D.D.,  Lou..  1S27,  8vo. 
2.  Essays  on  Agriculture  :  I.  Cattle  ami  Sheep.  II.  Agri- 
cultural Draiuage.  III.  Ancient  Agricultural  Literature. 
rV.  High  Farming.  Lon.,  1S5.3,  p.  8vu.  These  essays  ap- 
peared originally  in  the  Lon.  Quar.  Rev. 

'■  These  essays  are  very  creditable,  and  sliow  the  author  to  have 
taken  much  more  than  an  amatt-ur  view  of  the  subjcL-ts,  and  to 
have  trathered  a  knowled^ie  very  far  beyond  the  station  ot  litt; 
which  he  occupied.  . . .  The  subjt-cts  are  well  understood  and  very 
sensiblv  discussed." — Donaldson's  Agricult.  Biog. 

Gisborne,  Wni.,  D.D.  Inquiry  into  the  Principles 
of  National  Order.  Ac.  1798.  ISOU,  8vo.  Prefixed  are  two 
tracts  written  by  Edward,  Earl  of  Clarendon,  on  War  and 
Peace. 

Gittiiis,  or  Gittings,  Dan.  1.  Serm.,  1744,  8vo. 
2.  Serin.,  Lon.,  1755,  8vo.  3.  Remarks  on  the  Tenets  and 
Prineii.les  of  the  Quakers  as  contained  in  the  Theses  Theo- 
lugicie  of  Robert  Barclay,  1758,  8vo. 

Gladstone,  J.  Leiter  to  the  Earl  of  Clancarty  on 
the  linpoitatiun  of  Wnul  from  the  U.  States,  Lon.,  1814. 

Gladstone,  Rt.  Hon.  Mm.  Ewart,  b.  at  Liverpool, 
Dec.  29,  1809,  the  youngest  son  of  v^ir  Jitbn  Gladstone, 
was  educated  at  Eton  and  Christ  Church,  Oxf. ;  entered 
Parliament  as  member  for  Newark.  18^2;  represented 
Oxford  University  since  1847;  Chancellor  of  the  Exche- 
quer, 1851.  Mr.  G.  has  also  held  several  other  important 
public  stations.  1.  The  State  in  its  Relations  with  the 
Church,  Lon.,  1S3S,  8vo;  4th  ed.,  1841,  2  vols. 

"  If  Mr. Gladstone  were  an  ordinary  character,  we  should  be  in- 
clined to  spfak  strongly  of  the  sinRular  vij^our.  depth  of  tlinuijht. 
and  eloquence,  wliirh  he  has  displayed  in  his  essay.  Hut  he  is 
evidently  notan  ordinary  character;  thoujih  it  is  to  be  hoped  tliat 
many  others  are  now  forming  themselves  in  the  same  school  with 
him  to  act  hereafter  on  the  same  principles." — Lon.  Quar.  Rev., 
Ixv.  97-153. 

"We  certainly  cannot  wish  that  Mr.  Gladstone's  doctiines  may 
become  fashionable  with  public  men.  But  we  heartily  wish  that 
his  laudable  desire  to  penetrate  beneath  the  surface  of  questions, 
and  to  arrive,  by  long  and  intense  meditalioo.  at  the  knowledge 
of  great  general  laws,  were  much  more  fashionable  than  we  at  all 
expect  it  to  become."— T.  B.  Macaulay  :  J^in.  Kev.,  Ixix.  231-2S0. 
Also  see  lirit.  Critii-,  xxvi.  355. 

2.  Church  Principles  considered  in  their  Results,  1840, 
12mo. 

Of  the  two  preceding  works  Mr.  Bickerstcth  remarks: 
"  Useful  thoughts,  but  with  Tractarian  tendencies."' — Christian 
Student. 

3.  Inaugural  Address  at  the  Collegiate  Institution,  Liver- 
pool, 1843,  8vo.  4.  Remarks  on  Recent  Commercial  Legis- 
lation, 1845,  8vo.  5.  Manual  of  Family  Prayers  from  the 
Liturgy,  1845,  ]2mo.  6.  Two  Letters  to  the  Earl  of  Aber- 
deen on  the  state  prosecutions  of  the  Neapolitan  Govern- 
ment, 11th  e<l.,  1851,  12mo,  pp.  48.  7.  An  Examination 
of  the  Official  Reply  of  the  Neapolitan  Government,  1852, 
8vo,  pp.  52.  Copies  of  Mr.  Gladstone's  celebrated  Letters 
— a  protest  against  the  cruelties  of  the  Government  of 
Naples,  founded  upon  the  writer's  personal  visits  to  the 
prisons,  Ac.  of  that  country — have  been  sent  by  the  British 
Government  to  the  court  of  every  European  state.  Those 
who  have  been  interested  in  Mr.  (xladstoue's  correspondence 
upon  ecclesiastical  matters  with  the  Chev.alier  Bunsen, 
should  read  the  work  of  the  latter,  entitled  Constitution 
of  the  Church  of  the  Future:  a  Practical  Explanation  of 
the  Corresp.  with  the  Rt.  Hun.  Wm.  E.  Gladstone  on  the 
German  Church,  Episcopacy,  and  Jerusalem.  With  a 
Preface,  Notes,  and  the  Complete  Correspondence  Trans., 
1847,  p.  8vo.     See  Cottrell,  C.  H. 

*' A  volume  which  is  destined  to  produce  a  very  strong  sensation 
in  the  religious  world.  The  King  of  Trussia  has  just  given  his 
kingdom  an  important  constitutional  change;  but  it  can  bear  no 
comparison  with  the  more  extensive  and  momentous  views  enter- 
tained by  his  Minister  in  regard  to  the  Church  and  the  future  of 
Christianity." — Lnn.  Lil.  6'u^.  Sec  MmtE,  CoL.  Wiluam,  M.P. 

Gladwin,  Francis.  Ayeen  Akery;  or.  the  Institutes 
of  the  Emperor  Akbar.  From  the  Persian,  Lon.,  1777, 
4to;  Calcut.,  1783-86,  3  vols.  4to.  Best  ed.  Reprinted, 
Lon.,  1800.  2  vols.  4to.     See  Lowndes's  Bibl.  Man, 

"  A  description  of  the  whole  Indian  Empire." 

"Perhaps  no  book  in  the  Kepublic  of  Letters  contains  so  much 
information  in  so  small  a  space." — Clarke. 

Gladwin  also  pub.  a  Hist,  of  Hindostan,  Calcut,  1788, 
4to,  translations  from  the  Persian,  and  works  upon  the 
philology  of  this  language,  Ac,  1788-1800. 

Glandore,  Earl  of.     Speech,  Dubl.,  1799,  8vo, 

Glanius.  1.  Voy.  to  Bengala,  Lou.,  1GS2,  8vo,  2.  New 
Voy.  to  the  E.  Indies. 

Glauvil,  Bartholomew.     See  Bartholom^us  An- 

GLICUS. 

Glanvil,  Sir  John,  d.  1661,  King's  Sergeant,  and 
Fpeaker  of  Parliament,  a  son  of  John  Glanvil  of  Tavis- 
tock,    Reports  of  Cases  of  Controverted  Elections.     Pub. 


GLA 

by  John  Topbam,  Lon.,  1775,  8vo.  This  volume  contains 
maijh  valuable  information  on  the  troublesome  question  of 
eontroverted  elections.  See  Prince's  Worthies  of  Devon; 
Atben.  Oxon. ;   Lloyd's  Memoirs. 

Glanvil,  John,  1664-1735,  grandson  of  the  preceding, 
a  native  of  Broiid  llintou.  Poems,  Lon.,  1725,  8vo.  He 
made  the  first  English  trans,  of  Fontenelle's  Plurality  of 
Worbhs. 

Glanvil,  or  Glanvill,  Joseph,  1636-1680,  a  native 
of  Plymouth,  entered  Exeter  Coll.,  Oxf.,  1652;  Rector  of 
the  Abbey-church,  Bath,  1606;  Prcb.  of  Worcester,  1678. 
He  was  a  man  of  learning  and  genius,  a  zealous  member 
of  the  lloyal  Society,  a  warm  opponent  of  the  Aristoteleian 
philosophy,  and  a  firm  believer  in  witchcraft.  Ho  pub.  a 
number  of  scrms,,  philosophical  treatises,  Ac,  of  which  the 
following  are  the  principal:— 1.  The  Vanity  of  Dogmatiz- 
ing, Lon.,  1661,  8vo  and  12mo;  1662,  8vo.  With  addits., 
and  entitled  Scepsis  Scientifiea;  or,  Confest  Ignorance  tho 
way  to  Science.  1665,  4to. 

-  The  whole  work  is  strongly  marked  with  the  features  of  an 
acute,  anoriu'ioal.  and.  in  matters  of  science,  a  somewhat  sceptical 
genius;  and^  when  compared  with  the  treatise  ou  witchcraft  [see 
Nos.  3  and  10]  by  the  same  author,  adds  another  proof  to  those 
already  mentiouedof  the  possibleunion  of  the  hiy;hest  intellectual 
gifts  with  the  most  degrading  intellectual  weakness."— Buqalu 
Stkwart :  J*)elini.  Dissert,  to  Encyc.  Brit. 

Could  Glanvil  read  this  complimentary  reflection,  doubt- 
less he  would  have  considered  that  it  "added  another  proof 
to  those  already  mentioned"  of  the  Vanity  of  Dogmatizing. 
2.  Lux  Orientalis,  Lon.,  1662.  Svo.  With  Anuot.  by  Dr. 
H.  More,  1682.  Svo.  3.  Blow  at  Modern  Sadducism;  on 
Witches  and  Witchcraft,  Ac,  1666,  4to;  1667,  fob;  1688, 
Svo.  4.  Plus  ultra;  or,  the  Progress  of  Knowl.  since  Aris- 
totle, 1668,  8vo. 

''The  sca!cest  and  most  estimable  of  his  works.'" — Gbanger. 
5,  6.  Two  tracts  ags.  H.  Stubbe,  1671,  Svo.     7.  Philoso- 
phia  Pia,  1671,  Svo.     S.  Essays,  1676,  4to.     9.  Essay  ou 
Preaching,  1678.  Svo;   170.3,  12mo, 

"  A  plain  and  sensible  treatise.'" — Lowndes^s  Brit.  Lib. 
10.  Sadducismus  Triumpbans;  or,  A  full  and  plain 
Evidence  cone.  Witehes  nnd  Apparitions;  with  some  Acct. 
of  the  Author's  Life  and  Writings,  by  Dr.  Henry  More, 
1681,  Svo.  With  addits.,  1682,  1726,  Svo.  See  an  interest- 
ing essay  on  witchcraft,  prefaced  with  a  catalogue  of  works 
upon  the  subject,  in  the  Lon.  Retrosp.  Review,  v.  86-136, 
1822.  11.  Some  Discourses.  Serms.,  and  Remains.  Pub. 
by  Dr.  Henry  Horneck,  1681,  4to. 

"The  Author  of  these  discourses,  as  his  wit  lay  out  of  the  com- 
mon road,  so  this  genuine  offspring  of  his  fei-tile  braiu  soars  above 
the  common  level  of  ecclesiastical  orations." — Dr.  Horneck. 

'"lie  w.nsa  person  of  more  than  ordinary  parts,  of  a  quick,  warm, 
spruce,  and  gay  fancy,  and  was  more  lucky,  at  le-ast  in  his  own 
judgment,  in  his  first  hiuts  and  thoughts  of  thinj;?.  than  iu  his 
after-notions,  examined  and  digested  by  longer  and  more  mature 
deliberation.'' — Athni.  Oxmi. 

See  Athen.  Oxon.;  Biog.  Brit.;  Prince's  Worthies  of 
Devon. 

Glanvil,  Glanvill,  or  Glauville,  Uannlph  <le, 
Chief-Justiciary  ofall  En;;l;iiid,accumpanied  King  Richard 
in  the  Crusades,  and  fell  at  the  siege  of  Acre,  at  an  ad- 
vanced age.  Tbe  following  work  is  generally  ascribed  to 
him: — Tractatua  de  Legilms  consuetudinibus  Ilegni  An- 
glian, tempore  Regis  Ilenrici  Secundi,  Lun..  1554,  '57?  'SO, 
1604,  '7:i  12mo.  Best  ed.  by  John  Wilmot,  17S0,  12mo. 
Trans,  into  English  by  John  Beamcs,  1812,  Svo,  This 
traus.,  the  only  one  in  English,  is  accurate,  and  the  text  is 
enriched  with  learned  notes.  It  is  by  no  means  certain 
that  this  work  was  written  by  Glanvil.  It  has  been  as- 
cribed to  E.  de  Narbrougb,  and  also  to  King  Henry  II. 
It  resembles  so  closely  the  Regiam  Majestateni,  that  no 
doubt  one  was  copied  from  the  other;  and  it  seems  most 
probable  that  the  De  Legibus  is  the  elder  work. 

"But  as  on  the  one  side.  I  dare  not  be  confident  that  it  is  Gbu- 
vill's,  so  I  make  little  question  that  it  is  as  antient  as  his  time,  if 
not  his  work."— JoMN  Selden. 

Glnnvil  is  relied  upon  as  authority  by  Coke,  Spclman, 
Selden,  Hale,  Blackstone,  Ac. 

"Whom  I  cite  many  times  in  these  Reports  for  the  fruit  which 
I  confess  myself  to  have  reaped  out  of  the  liiir  fields  of  his  labours." 
— Loud  Coke. 

Reeves  incorporated  the  principal  part  of  Glanvil's  Trac- 
tatus  in  his  Hist,  of  the  Common  Law. 

An  eminent  authority,  well  known  for  his  partiality 
to  old  English  law-writers,  several  of  whom  he  iiad  re- 
printed with  his  own  annotations,  thus  compares  Glanvil 
and  Littleton: 

"  Aoici  I'opinion  que  j'ai  concue  du  recueil  deGlanviUe.  11  in- 
diitue  la  niethode  hi  plus  sure  pour  faire  execiiter  la  loi;  et  Little- 
tnn  nnus  JTistruit  des  causes  et  du  but  de  cette  methode.  Celui-ci 
pr..|.(isi-  t(>ut..-fi  les  maxinie';:  et  la  compilation  de  Olanville  com- 
prciid   toutes  les  ProcfiduifS  propres  it  mettre  ces  moxlmes  en 


GLA 

action.  Ces  denx  oiiyrages  rtunis  suffisent  pour  inBtruire  !l  fond 
des  coutumeset  de  roi-dre  judicaire  observes  chez  les  anciens  Nor- 
mauds." — M.  IIouard. 

See  tbe  above  authorities  cited,  and  others  referred  to, 
in  Marvin's  Leg.  Bibl.  The  Mirror  declares  that  Glanvil 
was  the  inventor  of  tbe  famous  writ  of  Assize  or  De  Novel 
Disseisin ;  but  other  authorities  affirm  ibis  to  be  more  an- 
cient. Of  tbe  wurlis  referred  to  above,  Bi.shop  Nicolson's 
Eng.  Hist.  Lib.  must  be  specially  consulted. 

Glanville,  John.  Articuli  Fidoi  Ecclesise  Anglicanse, 
carmine  exprcssi,  Oxon.,  Tfil.'J,  4to. 

Glapthoiii,  or  Glaptliorne,  Henry,  a  dramatic 
author  (cmjj.  Charles  L  1.  AlbertusWallenstein,  Tr.,  Lon., 
1634,  4to.  2.  Argalus  and  Parthenia,  Tr.  Cora.,  1639,  4to. 
3.  The  Ladies'  Privilege,  16411,  4to.  4.  The  Hollander,  C, 
1640,  4to.  6.  Wit  in  a  Constable,  1640,  4to.  6.  The  Para- 
side,  N.  P.  7.  The  Vestal,  N.  P.  8.  The  Noble  Tryal,  Tr. 
C,  N.  P.  9.  The  Dutchess  of  Fernandina,  Tr.,  N.  P. 
10.  Poems,  to  Lucinda,  Ac,  1039,  4to. 

"Plays  which  I  iirusume  in  those  days  past  with  good  Approba- 
tion at"  thi'  dlulii'  and  Cock-pit  Pliiyhouses;  thn'  I  cannot  agree 
with  :\Ir.  \^■installloy.  [Knglish  Poets,  page  115.1  Tliatliewas  onenf 
ike  chufest  I'ruinuti'c  Puds  ttfthis  Agp,.'' — Lanffhainp's  Dram.  Poets. 
"Though  his  plays  are  now  entirely  laid  aside,  yet.  at  the  time 
they  were  written,  they  met  with  considerable  approbation  and 
success." — Biijg.  Dramat. 

"  Glaptborne  is  certainly  a  better  writer  than  a  dramatist,  more 
eloquent  than  impas.sioned.  more  poetii^al  than  pathetic,  infinitely 
better  qualified  to  describe  than  to  feel,  and  to  describe  outward 
and  visible  tilings,  than 

" '  To  paint  tbe  finest  features  of  the  mind ; 
And  to  most  subtle  and  mysterious  things 
Give  colour,  stren-_'tb,  and  motion.'" 

Lon.  Srirnsp.  Bn:,  x.  121-160,  1824. 
Glas,  Adam.     .Sorm.,  1712,  8vo. 
Glas,  or  Glass,  George.     Hist,  of  the  Canary  Is- 
lands; from  the  Spanish,  Lon.,  1764,  4to.     Also  in  Pinker- 
ton's  Collec.  of  Voy.  and  Trav.,  vol.  xvi. 

"The  affinity  of  the  Aborigines  of  these  Islands  to  the  American 
Tribes  is  one  of  the  most  interesting  questions  of  ethnological 
science." 

Glas,  or  Glass,  John,  1635-1773,  a  Scotch  divine, 
a  native  of  Dundee,  was  the  founder  of  the  Glassites, 
afterwards  called,  from  his  son-in-law,  Robert  Sandeman, 
Sandem.anians.  See  an  account  of  their  tenets,  in  Wil- 
son's Hist,  of  Dissent.  Churches;  Encyc.  Brit,;  and  their 
own  exposition,  pub.  in  1766.  1.  Tbe  Testimony  of  the 
Kingof  Martyrs,  1727.  New  ed.  See  Ferries,  Robert. 
"Mr.  Glas  was  a  minister  of  the  Established  Church  in  Scotland; 
but,  for  maintaining  that  theliingdomofChiist  is  not  of  this  world, 
was  expelled  by  a  Synod.  His  sentiments  are  explained  in  his 
Testimony  of  the  King  of  Martyrs,  first  published  in  1729." — 
Evans's  Sketch. 

"  His  tract.  The  Testimony  of  the  King  of  Martyrs,  though  its 
leading  argument  may  be  disputed  by  many,  contains  some  beau- 
tiful illustrations  of  the  Bible."— Orme's  Bihl.  Bib. 

2.  Works,  Edin.,1762, 4  vols.  8vo ;  Perth,  1782, 5  vols.  8vo. 
"These  works  are  chiefly  controversial;  but  they  contain  fre- 
quent critical  discussions  of  the  meaning  of  Scripture  which  are 
worthy  of  attention.  .  .  .  The  volume  of  Notes  on  Scripture  texts 
shows  that  he  possessed  no  inconsiderable  portion  of  learning  and 
critical  sagacity.  Glas's  works  also  contain,  wbat  I  do  not  know 
is  to  be  found  elsewhere,  an  English  translation  of  the  Discourse 
of  Celsus."— Or??n's  Bibl.  Bib. 

Glas,  or  Glass,  John,  1725-1765,  a  surgeon,  and 
afterwards  ship-master,  son  of  the  preceding,  was  mur- 
dered, with  bis  family,  by  part  of  the  crew  of  a  vessel,  in 
which  he  was  sailing  from  tbe  Brazils  to  Loudon.  A  De- 
scription of  Tcneriffe;  with  the  Manners  and  Customs  of 
tbe  Portuguese  who  are  settled  there. 

Glascock,  Capt.  VV.  N.,  R.  N.  1.  Tales  of  a  Tar, 
Lon.,  p.  8vo.  2.  Naval  Service,  2  vols.  p.  8vo.  3.  Naval 
Sketch-Book,  1S26,  2  vols.  p.  8vo. 

"  By  far  the  greater  part  of  these  volumes  must  be  utterly  unin- 
telligible to  all  but  naval  men  :  to  them  it  will  afford  a  considerable 
treat;  and  as  we  were  at  sea  ourselves,  long  ago,  in  our  youth,  we 
also  can  taste  its  humour  perfectly.  .  .  .  Every  word  smells  of  pitch 
and  tar;  and  really  some  parts  of  it  are  so  well  done,  that,  like 
the  Panorama  of  Leith  Roads,  they  are  apt  to  make  one  a  little 
qualmish." — Lon.  Moiitldi/  Bev..  cix.  200-212. 

4.  Naval  Sketch-Book,  2d  Series,  2  vols.  p.  Svo.    5.  Sailors 
and  Saints,  1829,  3  vols.  p.  Svo;  1831.     6.  Land  Sharks 
and  Sea  Gulls,  new  ed.,  1838,  3  vols.  p.  8vo.     7.  Naval 
Officer's  Manual,  2d  ed.,  1848,  p.  Svo.     New  ed.,  1854. 
Glascocke,  T.     Serm.,  1702,  4to. 
Glascott,  Cradock.     Fast  Serm.,  Lon.,  1777,  Svo. 
Glasier,  Hugh.     Serm.  at  Paides  Crosse,  1555. 
Glass,  Francis,  educated    in    Philadelphia,  taught 
school  for  some  time  in  tbe  interior  of  Pennsylvania,  and 
in  1817  or  'IS  removed  to  Miami  county,  Ohio,  whore  he 
performed  the  duties  of  aschoolmaster  in  different  localities. 
An  account  of  Mr.  Glass  will  be  found  in  Mr.  Reynolds's 
preface  to  the  following  work  by  the  former : 

Georgii  Washingtonii,  America^  Scptentrionalis  Civita- 
tum  Fsederatarum  Prassidis  primi,  Vita,  Francisco  Glass, 


GLE 

A.M.  Ohioensi,  Literis  Latinis  conscript.n.  Neo-Eboraco- 
poli,  1835,  12uio.  Typis  Fratrum  Har|ierorum.  A  review 
of  this  work,  by  J.  L.  Kingsley,  appeared  in  the  N.  Amer. 
Rev.,  xliii.  37-42.  This  elicited  some  anitnadversions  in 
the  Knickerbocker  Mug.,  viii.  473,  which  were  replied  to 
by  Mr.  K.  in  the  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  .xliv.  270-272.  A  notice 
of  Glass's  work  will  also  be  found  in  the  South.  Lit.  Mess., 
ii.  52.     Mr.  Kingsley  admits  that  tTlass 

"  Is  often  happy  in  tbe  choice  of  words  and  phrases,  and  pas- 
sages occur  of  terseness  and  strength;  nor  does  the  author  seem 
to  have  been  wanting  in  any  thiug  to  make  this  work  a  worthy 
companion  of  the  modern  histoi-ies  in  tbe  same  language  but  a 
freer  access  to  books  and  the  advantages  of  a  more  correct  and 
thorough  criticism." 

But  he  thinks  it  his  duty  to  add : 

"We  doubt,  however,  whether  this  Life  of  Washington  can  be 
used  to  advantage  in  schools:  certainly  not  without  constant  at- 
tention on  the  part  of  the  instructor  to  point  out  its  errors  and 
defects."' — N.  Amer.  Rev.,  xliii.  43. 

The  fairest  advice  which  wo  can  offer  to  tbe  intelligent 
reader  is  that  he  should  read  the  articles  pro  and  con.  and 
then  examine  the  work  for  himself. 
Glass,  G.  H.     See  Glasse. 
Glass,  H.     Servant's  Directory,  Lon.,  1760,  Svo. 
Glass,  Samuel.     Dropsy:  Phil.  Trans.,  1746. 
Glass,  Thomas,  M.D.     Med.  treatises,  1742-75. 
Glasse,  Capt.     Hints  for  Officers,  1812,  Svo. 
Glasse,  Dr.  Magistrate's  Assist, 1784,  Ac;  4th  ed., ».  a. 
Glasse,  Henry  George,  d.  1809;  presented  to  the 
living  of  Hanwcll,  Middlesex,  17S5.     He  trans.  Mason's 
Caractacns,  17S1,  '83,   and  Milton's   Samson    Agonistes, 
1788,  into  Greek   verse;    pub.  Contemplations  from  the 
Sacred  History,  altered  from  the  Works  of  Bishop  Hall, 
1793.  4  vids.  12ino;  and  Serms.  Ac,  17S7-1805. 
Glasse,  John.     Poems,  Lon.,  1763,  4to. 
Glasse,  Samuel,  D.D.,  Rector  of  Wanstead,  Essex, 
pub.  a  number  of  occasional  serms.,  1773-1803  ;  an  Expos, 
of  tbe  10  Commandments,  1801,  12mo;  Six  Lects.  on  the 
Ch.  Catechism,  1801,  12nio;   and  Lectures  on  the  Holy 
Festivals,  2d  ed.,  1802,  Svo. 

"  These  most  excellent  sermons  on  the  Festivals  convey  very 
sound  and  pleasing  iustruction.  and  iu  every  instance  give  you 
the  most  ;iuthentic  account  of  the  person  who  is  the  subject  of  the 
d:iy's  celebration." — British  Critic. 

Glassford,  James,  of  Dougalston,  Advocate.  1.  Scot. 
Courts  of  Law,  Edin..  1812,  Svo.  2.  Evidence,  1820,  Svo. 
3.  Enigmas,  &c.,  12mo.  4.  Three  Tours  in  Ireland,  1824- 
26,  12mo.  5.  Trans,  of  Lord  Bacon's  Latin  Pieces,  ISmo. 
6.  Covetousness  brought  to  the  Bar  of  Scripture,  1 837,  p. Svo. 
"The  subject  is  placed  before  us  in  so  strong  and  impressive  an 
aspect,  and  yet  so  entirely  freed  from  all  exaggeration  of  state 
ment,  that  we  sincerely  hope  the  treatise  will  meet  with  that  ex- 
tensive circulation  which  the  excellent  talents  and  Christian 
worth  of  the  author  so  eminently  deserve." — Edin.  Presh.  Beview. 
7.  Metrical  Versions  and  lUus.  of  Scripture.  8.  Popular 
Education  with  ref.  to  Ireland,  1S3S,  12mo.  9.  Lyrical 
Compositions  from  the  Italian  Poets,  with  translations, 
1846,  12mo.  The  2d  ed.  is  greatly  enlarged.  The  former 
edition  was  thus  noticed  in  tbe  Edinburgh  Review: 

"  We  have  been  greatly  pleased  with  this  little  volume,  as  much 
from  its  general  character,  as  from  the  grace  and  polish  of  its  exe- 
cution. It  is  evidently  the  production  of  one  possessing  a  quick 
natural  sensibility  to  natural  beauty,  improved  by  art  and  study, 
and  no  inattentive  observer  of  the  poetry  of  our  times." 

Glazebrook,  James,  1744-1803,  a  native  of  Ma- 
doley,  Shropshire,  Vicar  of  Belton,  Leicestershire,  and 
minister  of  St.  James's,  Latchford,  Warrington.  Serms. 
and  Life,  Warring.,  1805,  Svo. 

Glazier,Wm.  Belcher,  b.  1827,  at  Hallowell,  Maine. 
Poems,  Hallowell,  1S53,  12mo.  Mr.  G.  has  contributed  to 
several  periodicals. 

Gleig,  Rt.  Rev.  George,  LL.D.,  one  of  the  Bishops 
of  the  Episcopal  Church  of  Scotland;  coadjutor  to  the 
Bishop  of  Brechin,  1808;  preferred  to  the  sole  charge, 
1810;  Primus,  1816.  1.  Supp.  to  the  3d  ed.  of  Encyc. 
"Brit.,  Edin.,  1801,  2  vols.  4to.  2.  Occasional  Serms., 
1803,  Svo.  3.  A  Charge,  1809,  4to.  4.  Two  Serms.,  Lon., 
1814,  Svo.  5.  Staokbouse's  Hist,  of  the  Bible,  corrected 
and  improved,  1817,  3  vols.  4to. 

"  With  important  corrections,  and  several  valuable  dissertations, 
which  tended  gi-eatly  to  increase  its  utility."— iforae's  Bibl.  Bih. 
See  Stackhouse,  Thomas. 

6.  Directions  for  tbe  study  of  Theology,  in  a  series  of 
Letters  from  a  Bishop  to  his  son  on  his  admission  to  holy 
orders,  1S27,  Svo. 

"A  learned  and  sensible  guide,  which  appears  to  divide  itself 
into  three  parts :  1.  Of  Natural  Religion ;  2.  Of  the  Foundation  of 
Morals,  viewed  in  reference  both  to  their  object  and  their  author- 
ity ;  and  3.  Of  the  Doctrines  which  are  peculiar  to  Christianity." — 
Loii'ndi's's  E^it.  Lib. 

Bishop  Gleig  contributed  a  number  of  articles  to  the 
Anti-Jacobin  Review  and  to  the  British  Critic. 

677 


GLE 

Gleig,  George  Robert,  born  in  171*5,  a  son  of  tho 
preceding,  is  one  of  tbe  most  voluminous  writers  of  the 
day.  He  was  educated  at  Oxford,  which  he  left  to  join 
the  army,  then  marching  through  the  city  for  Lisbon; 
served  in  the  Peninsula,  (see  the  Subaltern.)  and  subse- 
quently in  the  campaign  of  Washington,  where  he  was 
severely  wounded;  took  holy  orders;  presented  to  the  living 
of  Ivy  Church,  Kent,  1822 ;  Chaplain  of  Chelsea  Hospital, 
1844;  Chaplain-General  to  the  Forces,  1846;  devised  a 
scheme  for  the  education  of  soldiers,  and  appointed  In- 
spector-General of  Military  Schools.  1.  The  Subaltern, 
1825,  12mo.  2.  Allan  Breck,  3  vols.  p.  Svo.  3.  Chelsea 
Pensioners,  1829,  ■40.  3  vuls.  p.  Svo;  alsu  in  1  vol.  12mo. 
4.  Serms.,  Doct.  and  Pract.,  1830,  12mo.  5.  Hist,  of  the 
Bible,  1830,  '31,  2  vols.  p.  Svo.  6.  Brit.  Milt.  Commanders, 
1831,  '32,  3  vols,  fp.  Svo.  7.  Hist,  of  Brit.  India,  1831-33, 
'48,  4  vols.  18mo.  S.  Country  Curate,  1834,  '49,  2  vols.  p. 
Svo;  also  in  1  vol.  12mo.  9.  Soldier's  Help  to  Divine 
Truth,  1S35,  12mn.  10.  Chronicles  of  Waltham.  1835,  3 
Tols.  p.  Svo.  11.  Guide  to  the  Lord's  Supper,  1835,  12mo. 
12.  Family  Hist,  of  Eug..  1836,  '54,  3  vols.  12mo.  13.  The 
Hussar,  1S37,  2  vols.  p.  Svo  ;  also  in  1  vol.  12mo.  14.  Tra- 
ditions of  Chelsea  College,  1838,  '48,  3  vols.  p.  Svo;  also 
in  1  vol.  12mo.  15.  Visit  in  1837  to  Germany,  Bohemia, 
and  Hungary,  1839,  3  vols.  p.  Svo.  16.  The  Only  Daughter, 
1839,  3  vols.  p.  Svo.  17.  Life  of  Sir  Thos.  Munro,  3  vols.  Svo, 

2  vols.  Svo,  and  new  ed.,  1849,  1  vol.  p.  Svu.  18.  Hist, 
of  Eng.  for  Schools.  3d  ed.,  1850,  12mo.  19.  Veterans  of 
Chelsea  Hospital,  1841,  3  vols.  p.  Svo.  20.  Things,  Old 
and  New,  r.  Svo.     21.  Memoirs  of  Warren  Hastings,  1841, 

3  vols.  p.  Svo.  22.  Serms.  for  Advent.  Christmas,  and  the 
Epiphany,  1844,  12mo.  23.  The  Light  Dragoon,  1844,  '4S, 
'50,  '54,  2  vols.  p.  Svo  ;  also  in  1  vul.  12mo.  24.  Milt. 
Hist,  of  G.  Brit,  1845,  12mo.  25.  Sale's  Brigade  in  Af- 
ghanistan, 1846,  p.  Svo.  20.  Campaigns  of  the  Brit.  Army 
at   Washington   and   N.  Orleans,   1814-15,  1847,  p.  Svo. 

27.  Story  of  the  Battle  of  Waterloo,  1847,  p.  Svo.  The 
reader  should  also  peruse  the  Story  of  the  Peninsular  War. 

28.  Life  of  Lord  Clive,  1848,  12mo.  29.  School  Series, 
1850,  Ac,  in  18  vols.  This  series,  composed  of  works  by 
Mr.  Gleig  and  other  writers,  comprises  many  valuable 
contributions  to  the  interests  of  education.  It  is  still 
(1854)  in  course  of  publication  by  Longman.  30.  Leipsic 
Campaign,  1852,  12mo.  It  is  unnecessary,  after  such  a 
long  catalogue  of  works,  following  each  other  in  rapid 
succession,  to  say  that  Mr.  Gleig  is  a  very  popular  writer. 
Without  entering  into  any  detailed  examination  of  his 
merits  or  demerits,  we  cannot  avoid  entering  a  protest 
against  his  zealous  advocacy  of  one  of  the  most  uuscru- 
pulous,  cruel,  and  remorseless  wretches  who  ever  disgraced 
humanity  in  general,  and  the  British  name  in  particular — ■ 
Warren  Hastings.  Mr.  Gleig's  Life  of  Hastings  forms  a 
proper  companion  to  Abbott's  Life  of  Napoleon.  We  can 
say  nothing  more  condemnatory  of  both.  To  prove  that 
we  **do  well  to  be  angry"  with  the  Chaplain-General's  re- 
markable production,  entitled  The  Memoirs  of  Warren 
Hastings,  we  shall  fortify  our  position  by  a  brief  extract 
from  an  eminent  critic,  who  adds  to  his  multifarious  eru- 
dition an  intimate  acquaintance  with  East  India  Affairs  : 

"This  book  seems  to  have  been  manufai-tured  in  pursuance  of  a 
contract,  by  which  tbe  representatives  of  Warren  IListings,  on  the 
one  part,  bound  themselves  to  furnish  papers,  and  Mr. Gleig,  on 
the  other  part,  bound  himself  to  fui-nish  praise.  It  is  but  just  to 
say  that  the  covenants  on  both  sides  have  been  most  faithfully 
kept;  and  the  result  is  before  us  in  the  form  of  three  big  bad  vo- 
lumes, full  of  undigested  correspondence  and  undiscerning  pane- 
gyric. If  it  were  worth  while  to  examine  this  performance  in 
detail,  we  could  easily  make  a  long  article,  by  merely  pointing  out 
inaccurate  statements.  inele;.';ant  expressions,  and  immoral  doc- 
trines. But  it  would  be  idle  to  waste  criticism  on  a  bookmaker; 
and,  whatever  credit  Mr.  Gleig  may  have  justly  earned  by  former 
works,  it  is  as  a  bookmaker,  and  notbio'^  more,  that  he  now  comea 
before  us.  More  eminent  men  thmi  Mr,  Chig  have  written  nearly 
esillashe.  when  they  have  st Ml. ppd  to  similar  drudgery.  It  would, 
he  unjust  to  estimate  Goldsuiith  by  the  History  of  Greece,  or  Scott 
by  the  Life  of  Napoleon.  Mr.  Gleig  is  neither  a  Goldsmith  nor  a 
Scott;  but  it  would  be  unjust  to  deny  that  he  is  capable  of  some- 
thing better  than  these  memoirs.  It  would  also,  we  hope  and 
believe,  be  unjust  to  charge  any  Christian  minister  with  the  guilt 
of  deliberately  maintaining  some  propositions  whifh  we  find  in 
this  work.  It  is  not  too  much  to  say,  that  Mr.  Gleig  has  written 
several  passages,  which  bear  the  same  relation  to  tbe  Prince  of 
Machiavelli  that  the  Prince  of  Machiavelli  bears  to  the  Whole  Duty 
of  Mao,  and  which  would  excite  amazement  in  a  den  of  robbers, 
or  on  board  of  a  schooner  of  pirates.  But  we  are  willing  to  attribute 
these  offences  to  haste,  to  thoughtle.S'sness,  and  to  that  disease  of 
the  understanding  which  may  be  called  the  Furor  Biographicus. 
and  which  is  to  writers  of  lives  what  the  goitre  is  to  an  Alpine 
shepherd,  or  dirt^eating  toa  Negro  slave." — T.  B.  Macaulw:  RUn. 
Rev..  Oct.  1841 ;  and  in  his  MiscellanieSy  undfr  tfu;  title  of  Warren 
JlasHngs. 

We  have  already  referred  to  Mr.  Gleig's  Memoir  in  our 
678 


GLI 

article  on  Edmund  Burke,  pp.  292,  29.'?,  and  perhaps  in 
other  parts  of  this  volume.  Mr.  Gleig's  sermons  have  been 
higHly  commended.  Essays,  Biographical,  Historical,  and 
Miscellaneous,  contributed  chiefly  to  the  Edinburgh  and 
Quarterly  Reviews,  1858,  2  vols.  cr.  Svo.  A  notice  of  Mr. 
G.,  with  a  portrait,  will  be  found  in  Eraser's  Magazine,  x. 
282. 

Glemham,  Charles.    Prayers,  Lon.,  1569,  Svo. 

Gleii)  A.     Assize  Serm.,  1781,  Svo. 

Glen,  John,  Minister  of  the  Chapel  in  Portobello.  A 
Treatise  on  the  Sabbath,  Edin.,  1822,  12mo. 

'■  A  very  excellent  work  on  a  most  importiint  subject." — Chris. 
Jtfcnler. 

"This  is  a  history  of  the  institution  of  the  Sabbath,  and  of  the 
change  as  to  the  time  of  its  being  kept.  It  is  written  with  becom- 
ing earnestness,  and  in  its  historical  account  is  sufficiently  inte- 
resting."— Lon.  A>io  Atunthly  Magazine,  No.  IS. 

Glen,  John  King.     Poems,  Lou.,  1752,  Svo. 
Glen,  W'm,     Treat,  on   the   Bills  of  Exchange,  Pro- 
missory Notes,  and  Letters  of  Credit  in  Scotland,  Edin., 
ISOr.  Svo;  2d  ed.,  1824. 

"The  references  in  the  first  edition  are  almost  wholly  to  Scotcn 
decisions,  but  in  thia  to  both  Scotch  and  English."— Marvin. 
Glen,  Wm.  C.     Legal  publications,  Lon.,  1846-58. 
Glenbervie,  IjOrd*     See  Douglas,  Sylvester. 
Gleneuiru,  Isabella.     A  Representation  of  the  Case 
of  the  Counters  of  GUncairn,  1812. 

Glenie,  James,  1750-1817,  a  Scotch  mathematician, 
and  a  lieut.  in  the  artillery,  paid  much  attention  to  forti- 
fications, and  pub.  The  Hist,  of  Gunnery,  Edin.,  1776,  and 
a  number  of  mathemat,  and  other  works.  He  also  con- 
tributed mathemat.  &c.  papers  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1776,  '77, 
and  to  Trans.  Soc,  Edin.,  1796,  1812,  *15. 

Glenorchy,  Willielma,  Viscountess,  1741-1786. 
Her  Life,  with  extracts  from  her  Diary  and  Corresp.,  by 
T.  S.  Jones,  D.D.,  minister  of  her  chapel,  Edinburgh,  Edin., 
1822,  Svo. 

Gleuton,  Fred.  Widows,  Ac.  of  Medical  Men,  1792. 
Gliddon,  George  R.,  d.  at  Panama,  Nov.  16,  1857, 
aged  50,  U.  S.  Consul  for  Cairo,  in  Egypt,  and  twenty-tbreo 
years  a  resident  of  the  Valley  of  the  Nile,  was  a  son  of  the 
late  John  Gliddon,  U.  S.  Consul  for  Egypt.  1.  Ancient 
Egypt:  her  Mimuments,  Hieroglyphics,  History,  and  Ar- 
chseology,  and  other  Subjects  connected  with  Hieroglyphic 
Literature  ;  12th  ed.,  Lon.  and  Phila.,  1850,  4to  ;  new  ed., 
Lon.,  1853,  imp.  Svo.  This  work  has  elicited  commenda- 
tion from  many  quarters.  18,000  copies  were  circulated  in 
America  in  less  than  three  years.  Mr.  Gliddon's  Lectures 
upon  the  subjects  discussed  in  this  work  have  been  attended 
by  large  audiences  in  various  parts  of  the  I'nited  States. 
A  notice  of  Gliddon's  Egypt,  by  Rev.  A.  B.  Chapin,  will  be 
found  in  tbe  Amcr.  Bib.  Rep.,  2d  S.,  x.  1^4.  2.  Appeal  to 
the  Antiquaries  of  Europe  on  the  Destruction  of  the  Mo- 
numents of  Egypt.  1841,  Svo. 

"  Mr.Gliddon,in  this  cleverly-written  publication,  brings  forward 
matter  of  very  great  importance  to  all  who  admire  antiquity,  or 
who  are  interested  in  history.  lie  appeals  to  the  Antiquaries  of 
Europe  on  behalf  of  the  Monuments  of  Egypt.  If  they  do  not 
step  forward  for  the  preservation  of  Egj-ptian  Monuments,  in  a 
very  few  years  travellers  may  save  themselves  the  trouble  of  a 
journey  beyond  the  preciucts  of  the  Lritish  and  Continental  Mu- 
seums. We  heartily  recommend  his  work  to  the  public." — Lon. 
Citi/  Chrvnide. 

3.  Discourses  on  Egyptian  Archaeology.  Lon.,  Svo. 
4.  A  Memoir  on  the  Cotton  of  Egypt,  1841,  Svo. 

'•This  Memoir  was  drawn  up  at  the  suggestion  of  the  lion.  Levi 
Woodbury,  late  Secretary  to  the  Treasury  of  the  United  States,  at 
Cairo.  Here  are,  in  a  very  few  pages,  a  complete  treatise  on  tho 
History  and  Manufacture  of  Cotton  in  Egypt,  acd  of  the  dreadful 
system  under  whiih  the  wretched  Fellkh  is  compelled  to  produce 
it.  They  who  feet  alarmed  at  the  apparition  of  a  blue-book,  and 
its  crowded  folio  of  details,  will  find  a  useful  analysis,  as  well  as 
an  original  essay  of  great  value,  in  Mr.  Gliddon's  Memoir." — ion. 
Atlas. 

5.  Otia  Egyptiaca,  1S49,  Svo.  Mr.  Gliddon  also  trans. 
Henry  Venel's  Chronos,  and  pub.,  Phila.,  1854,  4to,  in  con- 
junction with  J.  C.  Nott,  M.D.,  of  Mobile,  The  Types  of 
Mankind;  or,  Ethnological  Researches,  Ac,  consisting  in 
part  of  inedited  papers  of  Saml.  George  Morton,  M.D., 
and  contributions  from  Prof.  L.  Agassiz,  LL.D.,  W.  Usher, 
M.D.,  and  Prof.  H.  S.  Patterson,  M.D.  The  remainder  of 
the  work  is  by  Dr.  Nott  and  Mr.  Gliddon. 

"Whether  this  monument  will  turn  out  to  be  *fere  perennius,' 
or  whether  it  will  crumble  to  pieces  under  the  somewhat  severe 
weathering  which  it  will  most  assuredly  receive  from  European 
Ethnologists,  is  more  than  we  will  venture  to  prophesy.  In  any 
case,  the  Types  of  Mankind  appears  to  us  to  be  by  far  the  most 
elaborate  efficient  brief  which  has  yet  been  drawn  up  for  the  use 
of  those  who  plead  on  the  side  of  the  original  diversity  oi  human 
races.  Its  writers  are,  at  any  rate,  thorough-paced,  and  shrink 
before  none  of  the  consequences  of  their  own  logic." — Wa.tunnster 
Revieiv,  July,  1S54,  131-134. 

A  Notice  of  the  Types  of  Mankind,  by  John  Bachman, 


GLI 


GLO 


D-D.,  of  Cliarleston,  S.  C,  was  pub.  in  that  city,  in  1S54- 
55;  and   the  work   has    been    reviewed   in   several  other 

quarters. 

-It  [Dr.  Bachman's  Notice]  is  in  tone  dignified,  gentlemanly, 
and  at  the  same  time  excoriatiug.  .  .  .  The  shallowness  and  posi- 
tive ignorance  of  Nott.  and  the  empty  pretence  of  Gliddon,  are 
shown  up.  and  these  men  are  left  without  muoh  to  boast  of 
A-'aPsiz  does  nut.  with  his  hasty  and  crude  conclusions,  figure  to 
much  advantage,  and  we  are  sorry  to  say.  that  by  an  inevitable 
necessity,  the  reputation  of  Morton  is  damaged.  .  .  .  Where  are 
the 'Typesof  Mankind' now?  Sinking  lower  and  lower.  .  .  .  The 
Presbyterian  Quarterly  Review  for  Septeml>er  [1854]  contains  an 
able  and  searchiug  review  of  the  -Types  of  Mankind,'  recently 
ushered  to  the  world  by  Messrs.  Gliddon  and  Nott.  It  is  at  once 
instructive  and  amusing  to  see  these  gentlemen  under  the  dis- 
seoting-knife  of  a  scholar,  who  not  only  exposes  the  malignity  of 
their  shallow  science,  but  their  utter  unfitness  in  point  of  scbolar- 
sbip  to  dabble  in  the  orii^'inal  languages  of  the  Scriptures.  Mr. 
Gliddon,  especially,  pretends  to  a  critical  acquaintance  with  the 
Hebrew  text,  and  his  pretension  might  have  passed  current  had 
he  not  ventured  on  proofs  of  his  critical  acumen;  but  alas  for 
him!  he  has  written  a  book  which  has  enabled  bis  learned  readers 
to  detect  his  miserable  shallowness.  .  .  .  Our  own  estimate  of  the 
'Types  of  Mankind'  has  already  been  laid  before  our  readers.  A 
further  examination  of  the  book  has  only  temled  to  confirm  our 
first  impressions.  As  a  work,  of  science  it  is  wortliless;  full  of  pre- 
tension, and  yet  full  of  ignorance  and  contradiction." — Lyman 
CuLEMAN,  D.D. :  Phila.  Presbi/tenan. 

'•It  did  not  take  long  to  satisfy  ourselves  that  Mr.  Gliddon's 
exposition  of  Genesis  xi.,  being  a  compilation  without  complete- 
ness, arrangement,  or  any  philosophical  method  whatever,  has  no 
claim  to  be  regarded  as  a  literary  work  It  is  not  to  our  taste  or 
inclination  to  rest  content  with  condemning  Mr.  Gliddon's  lucu- 
brations in  general  terms.  To  express  our  sense  of  their  character, 
we  can  find  no  epithets  which  have  not  lost  their  force  from  his 
profuse  mis;ipplication  of  them.  Our  duty  requires  us  to  enter 
into  parti<-ulars  to  refute  bis  arguments,  if  such  bis  assertions 
may  be  called,  from  A  to  Z,  as  he  is  mistaken  all  through.  It  is 
a  humiliating  task,  to  be  sure,  to  refute  a  work,  which,  to  every 
Hebraist,  carries  its  own  refutation  on  the  face  of  every  page." — 
Boston  Chi~is.  Examiner. 

Rt.  Rev.  Dr.  Alouzo  Potter,  Bishop  of  the  Episcopal 
Church  in  the  diocese  of  Pennsylvania,  remark-s  with  re- 
ference to  the  flippant  sneers  which  some  controversialists 
obtrude  into  discussions  upon  the  truth  of  the  Scriptures: 
'*  We  must  confess,  however,  that  we  have  never,  in  the  whule 
extent  of  our  reading,  met  any  thing  which,  in  this  respect,  is  so 
offensive  to  good  taste  and  to  the  first  principles  of  Inductive 
Philosophy,  as  the  elaborate  work  receutly  given  to  the  world 
under  the"  title  of  Types  of  ManK-ind.  Written  under  the  influ- 
ence of  avowed  prejudices  against  certain  races  of  men,  and  de- 
scending to  the  use  of  caricature  in  order  to  bring  them  into  dis- 
repute, it  stops  at  hardly  any  thing  which  can  cast  reproach  on 
Scripture.  No  jests  are  too  coarse,  no  revilings  too  bitter  or  con- 
temptuous, no  special  pleading  too  perverse.  It  is  mournful  to 
find  that  such  names  as  those  of  Morton  and  Agassiz  are  destined 
to  go  down  to  posterity  associated  with  such  unseemly  exhi- 
bitions of  spite  and  intolerance.  A  cenotaph  to  Morton,  one  of 
the  calmest  and  most  dignified  philosophers  that  any  age  or 
country  has  seen,  should  be  stained  by  no  scurrility,  defamed  by 
no  violence.  It  is  an  insult  to  his  memory  to  suppose  that  he 
could  have  desired  his  unpublished  writings  to  Im-  given  to  the 
world,  in  close  connection  with  an  attack  on  the  Bible  the  ma- 
levolence of  which  is  only  equalled  by  its  impotence." — Introdnc- 
tirni  to  Lectures  on  the  Evidences  of  Christianitj/y  delivered  in  Phila., 
1853-54,  Phila.,  1S55.  8vo. 

See  Historical  Magazine.  (Xew  York,)  Jan.  1S58,  32. 
Glingall,  Richard  Butler,  Earl  of,  1794-1858, 
an  Irish  peer,  author  of  the  Iri:!;h  Tutor,  a  Farce;  The 
Follies  of  Fashion,  a  Comedy  :  and  other  dramatic  works 
of  some  merit.  At  one  time,  he  wrote  largely  for  the  Age 
and  other  Conservative  London  journals. 

Glisson,  Francis,  M.D..  1597-1077,  President  of 
the  London  College  of  Physicians,  was  in  great  repute  for 
professional  learning.  1.  Tractatus  de  Rachitide  seu  Morbo 
Puerili  Rickets  Dicto,  Ac.  Lon.,  1650,  '(10,  8vo.  In  Eng- 
lish, by  Philip  Armin,  1651,  8vo.  By  Culjiepper,  1C6S, 
12mo.     See  Bate,  ticoRGE,  M.D. 

2.  Anatomia  Hepatis,  Ac,  1654,  8vo ;  Amst.,  1659,  8to  ; 
1669.  fol. ;  Hague,  1681,  12mo;  Genev.,  1685.  Also  in 
the  Collec.  of  Mongeters.  3.  De  Naturte  Substantia  Ener- 
getica,  Ac,  Lon.,  1672,  4to.  4.  Tractatus  de  Vcntriculo 
et  Intestinis,  Ac,  1676,  4to ;  Amst.,  1677,  12mo  ;  Genev., 
1685,  fol.  ;  Lugd.  Bat.,  1691,  12mo.  Opera  Medica  Ana- 
tomica,  1691,  3  vols.  12mo. 

''  This  worthy  doctor,  to  whose  learned  lucubrations  and  deep  dis- 
quisitions in  physic  not  only  Great  Britain,  but  remoter  kingdoms, 
owe  a  particular  respect  and  veneration." — Wimd's  FaM  Oxon. 
See  Aikin's  Biog.  Mem.  of  Med.;  Birch's  Hist.  Roy.  Soc. 
Glisson,  >Vm.,  and  Gulston,  Ant.     The  Common 
Law  Epitomized,  etc.,  Lon.,  1679,  8vo. 

"  This  was  formerly  called  common  law  epitomized,  &c.,  without 
a  nanu.,  1661,  and  it  was  first  entitled  Survey  of  the  Law,  Ac, 
1659   [Svo]."— ^'/ar/.e's  BUd.  Leg. 

Glossy,  Saml.,  M.D.     Diseases,  Lon.,  1763,  8vo. 

Gloster,  Arch.,  M.D.,  of  St.  John's,  Antigua.  Cure 
of  Tetanus  and  Lock  Jaw.  by  amazing  quantities  of  Opium. 
Tran3.  Amer.  Soc,  i.  379. 


See    Robert  of   Gloc- 


Gloucestcr,  Robert  of. 

CEKTKll. 

Glover.     Tracts  on  Trade.  Lon.,  1774,  75^  Svo. 
Glover,  3Irs.  Caroline  II.,  a  daughter  of  Rev.  Dr. 
Saml.  and  Mrs.  Caroline  Gilman,  was  born  in  Charleston, 
1823;  married  in  1340.     She  was  left  a  widow  in  18-16, 
and  has  since  that  period  resided  with  her  parents.     She 
id  known  as  the  author  of  many  contributions  to  periodi- 
cals, consisting  of  juvenile  literature.  Ac,  under  the  signa- 
ture of  Caroline  Howard,  Vernon  Grove,  N.  York,  1858. 
Glover,  Fred.     Serm.,  L(tn.,  1841,  8vo. 
Glover,  Henry.     Serms.,  1663,  '64,  4to. 
Glover,  Phillips.    Theolog.  Lett,  to  Rev.  Dr,  "Water- 
land,  1734,  8vo. 

Glover,  Richard,  1712-1785,  a  native  of  London, 
and  a  merchnut  of  that  city,  was  one  of  the  best  Greek 
scholars  and  most  famous  poets  of  his  day.  He  was  edu- 
cated at  the  school  of  Cheam,  in  Surrey,  and  whilst  tbere 
wrote,  in  his  16th  year,  his  poem  to  the  memory  of  Sir 
Isaac  Newton,  appended  by  Dr.  Henry  Pemberton,  in 
1728,  to  his  View  of  Newton's  Philosophy.  In  1760 
Glover  became  a  member  of  Parliament,  and  for  many 
years  enjoyed  considerable  political  influence.  1.  Leuni- 
das;  a  Poem,  Lon.,  1737,  4to ;  1738,  Svo.  It  passed 
thi-ough  4  eds.  in  1737-38.  5th  ed.,  extended  from  It  to  12 
books,  1770,  2  vols.  12mo.  With  plates,  1798,  2  vols.  Svo. 
New  ed.,  24mo.  This  poem — now  almost  entirely  neg- 
lected— which  celebrates  the  defence  of  Thermopylae,  was 
enthusiastically  applauded,  both  for  its  poetry  and  politics : 
"The  whole  plan  and  purpose  of  it  beiii^  to  show  the  superi- 
ority of  freedom  over  slavery ;  and  how  mueh  virtue,  public  spirit, 
and  the  love  of  liberty  are  preferalde.  both  in  their  nature  and 
eEfects,  to  riches,  luxury,  and  thy  insuleuce  of  power."' — Lord 
Ltttelton:  in  f.hmmon  .Sense. 

2.  London,  or  the  Progress  of  Commerce  ;  a  Poem,  Lon., 
1739,  4to.  3.  Hosier's  Ghost,  1739.  This  poem,  written 
to  excite  the  nation  against  the  Spaniards,  became  very 
popular.  It  was  composed  whilst  Glover  was  a  visitor  at 
Stowe;  and  there  is  an  amusing  anecdote  connected  with 
its  composition,  in  which  Lady  Temple's  tulips  bear  a 
prominent  part.  4.  Application  to  Purl.  rel.  to  Trade, 
1751,  Svo.  5.  Boadiceaj  a  Tragedy,  1758,  Svo.  This 
piece  was  performed  fur  nine  nights,  but  seems  to  have 
disappointed  Glover's  friends.  6.  Medea;  a  Tragedy, 
1761,  4to. 

"Written  on  the  Greek  model,  and  therefore  unfit  for  the  mo- 
dern stajre." 

7.  Jason  ;  a  Tragedy,  1799.  Svo.  Never  acted,  and,  the 
Biog.  Dramat.  says,  never  pub. 

"As  it  required  .'^cenery  of  the  most  expensive  kind,  it  never 
■was  exhibited." — Biog.  Dramat. 

8.  The  Atheniad;  a  Poem,  17S7,  3  vols.  12mo.  This  is 
a  continuation  of  Leonidas. 

"The  Atheniad  ought  always  to  accompany  the  Leonidas.  Mr. 
Chalmers  censures  it,  because,  he  siiys.  the  events  of  history  are 
so  closely  followed  as  to  give  the  whole  the  air  of  a  poetical  chro- 
nicle. To  this  opinion  we  may  oppose  the  fact  of  having  ourselves 
lejieatedly  perused  it  in  early  youth,  for  the  interest  which  the 
story  continually  excited.  Glover  endeavoured  to  imitate  the 
ancients,  but  wanted  strength  to  support  the  severe  style  which 
he  had  chosen.  He  has.  however,  many  and  great  merits;  this 
especially  auionp  others,  that  instead  of  treading  in  the  sheep- 
track  wherein  the  writers  of  modern  epics,  till  his  time,  servum 
peciis,  had  gone  one  after  the  other,  he  framed  the  stories  of  both 
his  poems  according  to  their  subject,  without  reference  to  any 
model,  or  any  rule  but  that  of  propriety  and  good  sense." — Lon. 
Quar.  Bev..  .xi.  498.  4"J9. 

"  His  Leonidas  acquired  extraordinary  populatity  in  its  day.  and 
appear.s.  like  the  pseudo-Ossian,  to  have  obtained  a  higher,  or,  at 
least,  a  more  lasting,  reputation  on  the  continent,  than  in  its  own 
country;  where,  however,  it  still  retains  its  rank  as  an  English 
classic.  . . .  The  Atheniad  was  intended  as  a  sequel  to  Leonidas,  and 
embraces  the  remainder  of  the  Persian  war,  from  the  death  of 
Leonidas  to  the  battle  of  Platea.  It  was  the  work  of  the  author's 
old  age,  and  its  defects  are,  in  part,  attributable  to  the  circum- 
stance of  its  not  having  received  his  finishing  hand.  In  this 
latter  performance,  accordingly,  the  abilities  of  the  author  shew 
themselves  more  matured,  a^nd  his  peculiar  properties  more  fully 
developed.*' — Lmi.  Betrosp.  Bev.,  ii.  105-133,  1S20. 

In  1813,  Svo,  was  pub.,  from  a  Diary  or  part  of  a  Diary, 
written  by  Glover.  Memoirs  of  a  distinguished  Lit.  and 
Polit.  Character,  from  1742-57,  &c.;  and  in  1S15  appeared 
an  Inquiry,  &c.  rel.  to  these  Memoirs,  designed  to  prove 
that  Glover  was  the  author  of  the  Letters  of  Junius.  To 
these  publications  we  shall  refer  in  our  article  on  JuNIUS. 
A  writer  in  the  Edin.  Rev.  remarks: 

"The  sole  value  of  the  Memoirs  of  this  vulgar,  bustling,  self- 
important  politician,  consists  in  the  particulars  he  has  given  of 
some  privatedeliberationsof  opposition  to  which  he  was  admitted.** 
But  see  this  same  periodical,  xxii.  475-4S4. 
"  A  portion  of  this  history  has  lately  been  made  public,  and  it  is 
as  interesting  as  any  thing  can  be  which  relates  to  the  politics  of 
such  unimportant  times.  .  .  .  We  should  rejoice  if  this  inquiry 
[see  ante]  should  bring  forth  more  of  bis  remains,  and  lead  to  a 


679 


GLO 


GOD 


collected  edition  of  the  works  of  an  author  who.  though  too  highly 
extolled  in  bis  own  day,  must  ever  hold  a  respectable  rank  among 
the  English  poets." — Lon.  Quar.  Iter.,  xi.  498.  499. 

See  Johnson  and  Chalmers's  Eng.  Poets,  ISIO;  Chal- 
mers's liiog.  Diet.;  art.  in  Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  bj  Dr.  Brock- 
lesby. 

Glover,  Robert,  154.3-15SS,  a  native  of  Ashford, 
Kent,  was  first  made  Portcullis  Pursuivant,  and  in  1571 
Somerset  Herald.  1.  De  Nobilitate  pulitiea  vel  civili. 
'Oub.  by  his  nephew,  Thos.  Milles.  Lon.,  1608,  fol.  2.  A 
Catalogue  of  Honour,  1610.  fol.  This  refers  to  the  Eng- 
lish nobility.     It  was  also  pub.  by  T.  Milles. 

"  Being  the  first  work  in  that  kind,  he  therein  traced  untrodden 
paths;  and  therefore  no  wnuder  if  such  who  since  succeeded  liiiu 
in  that  sulijoct  have  found  a  nearer  way.  and  exceed  him  in  accu- 
rateuess  tlierein." — Fulli^y's  M'>rt/nfs  nf  Kt-itt. 

Edniondson's  Complete  Body  of  Heraldry  (vol.  i.)  con- 
tains Glover's  Ordinary  of  Arms,  augmented  and  improved. 
He  wrote  an  answer,  never  pub.,  to  the  Bishop  of  Ross's 
book,  asserting  Mary  Queen  of  Scots'  claim  to  the  crown, 
assisted  Camden  in  his  pedigrees  for  the  Britannia,  and 
engaged  in  other  literary  labours.  See  Noble's  Coll.  of 
Arms;   Oent.  Mag.,  Lxiii.  .311;  Fuller's  Worthies. 

Glover,  Thomas,  Surgeon.  Aeet.  of  Virginia;  Phil. 
Tr.ins.,  1676.  Mr.  G.  gives  an  account  of  "a  most  prodi- 
gious creature,"  half  fish  and  half  man,  which  appeared 
to  him  in  the  water  of  the  Rappahannock.  Whether  this 
occurred  bel'ore  or  after  dinner,  we  are  unable  to  state. 

Glover,  Serjt.  W.  Practical  Treat,  on  the  Law  of 
Municipal  Corporations,  Lon.,  ISil,  8vo.  This  treatise  is 
preceded  by  a  Historical  Summary  of  the  ancient  and  mo- 
dern Corporate  System,  «fee. 

Glover,  Wm.     Serm.  on  James  iv.  1. 

Glyii,  Thomas  C,  and  Robert  S.  Jameson.  Rep. 
Casesin  Bankruptcy,!  820-28,  Lon.,  1821-28,  12  vols.  r.  8vo. 

Glynn,  John,  Proceedings  on  the  King's  Commission 
of  the  Peace,  Jtc,  Lun.,  1775,  4to. 

Glynn,  Robert,  M.D.,  d.  1800,  a  native  of  Cambridge, 
Fellow  of  Queen's  Coll.  The  Day  of  Judgment,  a  Poetical 
Essay,  Lon.,  1757,  Ito.  This  obtained  the  Seatonian  prize 
in  1757. 

"Tho'  the  Author,  in  his  Fjrordimn,  modestlv  disclaims  any 
poetical  power,  many  parts  of  the  sequel,  and,  indeed,  the  poem 
taken  altogethei-.  will  dispose  his  Readers  to  dissent  agreeably 
from  bis  self-dimdence."— ion.  Mmtli.  I/ei'.,  Nm.  1767. 

Goad,  Christopher,  Fellow  of  King's  Coll..  C.amb. 
Refreshing  Drops  and  Scorching  Vials,  Lon.,  1653,  4to. 
New  ed.,  1827,  12mo. 

'*  When  on  his  Sermons  we  but  cast  our  eye 
And  in  so  plain  a  dress  such  beauty  spy, 
A  native  splendour,  which  not  tiuctuiMl  is 
With  skill  or  art,  we  can  experience  this: 
That  treasures  in  an  earthen  ves.sel  lie, 
And  we  a  burning,  shining  light  descry 
In  camel's  h.Tir  attiied." 

Goad,  John,  1615-16S9,  an  eminent  classical  teacher 
and  divine,  a  native  of  London,  Vicar  of  St.  Giles,  Cxf., 
1643;  of  V  am  ton,  1646;  head-master  of  Merchant  Taylors' 
school  for  nearly  twenty  years.  1.  Serm.,  166.3.  4to. 
2.  Serm.,  1C64,  4to.  3.  Genealogicon  Latinum,  2d  ed., 
1676,  8vo.  4.  Astro-Meteorologia,  1680,  fol.  Founded 
on  thirty  years'  experience.  5.  Auto-didactica,  1690,  Svo. 
6.  Astro-Meteorologia  sana,  16510,  4to. 

"A  learned  and  religious  person." — Athen.  Oron. 
'■(iooduess  inspire  me,  while  I  write  of  one. 
Who  was  all  goodness;  but  alas!  he's  gone.*' 

Jakes  Wright,  iibi  supra. 

Goad,  Thomas,  D.D.,  d.  1638.  God's  Decrees,  1601. 

Goadby,  Henry,  M.D.  A  Text-Book  of  Vegetable 
and  Animal  Physiology,  N.Y.,  1858,  Svo.  See  N.  Amer. 
Rev.,  Oct.  1858,  (by  A.  P.  Peabody.  D.D.) 

Goadby,  J.     Observ.  on  the  Art  of  War,  1809. 

Goadby,  Robert,  d.  1778,  a  printer  of  Sherborne, 
Dorsetshire,  was  author  of  The  Universe  Displayed,  The 
Life  of  Bamfylde  Moore  Carew,  The  King  of  the  Beggars, 
&C.,  and  edited  An  Hlustration  of  the  Holy  Scriptures,  by 
Notes  and  Explications,  Ac,  Sherborne,  1759-64,  3  vols, 
fol.;  frequently  reprinted.  10th  ed.  of  the  N.  Test.,  a.  «., 
serf  circa  1800,  fol. 

"  It  contains  many  judicious  notes ;  .  .  .  but,  while  it  seems  to  be 
orthodox,  is  written  entirely  on  the  Arian  hypothesis."— Dk.  A. 
Clarke. 

*' The  false  and  erroneous  interpretations  contained  in  this  work 
were  forcibly  and  ably  exposed  by  the  Rev.  Walter  Sellon,  in  his 
Remarks  upon  certain  pasMges  in  a  work  entitled  an  Illustration 
of  the  Holy  Scri|>lures.  London.  1765,  12mo."—Hr,rne's  Bibl.  Bil: 

Gobat,  Rt.  Rev.  Samuel,  D.D.,  Bishop  of  the 
Church  of  England  in  Jerusalem.  Jour,  of  a  Three  Years' 
Residence  in  Abyssinia:  with  a  brief  Hist,  of  the  Ch.  in 
Abyss.,  Ijy  the  Rev.  Saml,  Lee,  D.D.,  2d  ed.,  Lon.,  1847,  8vo. 

God,  John.     A  Discf.urse  of  the  great  Crueltie  of  a 
Widow,  Ac,  set  forth  in  English  Verse,  lOmo. 
6SU 


Godbold,  N.     Consumption,  1784,  '87,  Svo. 

Godbolt,  John,  Justice.  Rep.  Cases  in  the  Cts.  of 
flBtord,  1575-16:;8.     Ed.  by  Win.  Hughes,  Lon.,  1652,  4to. 

"Uodl'Olt.  tJoldsborotigh,  and  March,  mean  reporteis,  but  uot  to 
he  rejected." — Niirt/i's  Stu.  Liiw.  'li. 

Goddam,  or  Voddam,  Adam,  an  Englishman. 
Super  iv.librosSentenliarum.  Par.,ap.  J.  Barbier,  1512,  fol. 

Goddard,  Austin  Parke,  Knight  of  the  Militarv 
Order  of  St.  Stephen.  The  Hist,  of  Italy,  1490-1532.  In 
20  books.  From  the  Itnlian  of  Guicciardini,  Lon.,  1755- 
69,  10  vols.  Svo.  See  Fenton,  Sm  Geoffhey.  For  an 
account  of  the  edits,  of  Guicciardini's  Hist,  of  Italy,  see 
Disraeli's  Curiosities  of  Lit. ;  Iloscoe's  Leo  the  Tenth; 
Watt's  Bibl.  Brit.;  Brunei's  Man.,  Ac.  This  is  supposed 
to  be  one  of  the  works  studied  by  Shakspeare.  Guicciar- 
dini is  high  authority  : 

''The  historical  wjitings  of  Guicciardini  have  not  only  entitled 
their  author  to  the  indisputable  precedence  of  all  tbi-  historians  of 
Italy,  but  have  placed  him  at  least  on  a  level  with  those  of  any 
age  or  of  any  country." — Jiofcoes  Life  of  Leo  the  Tenth. 

''  We  have  finished  the  twentieth  and  last  book  of  Guieciardini's 
history;  the  most  authentick  I  believe  (may  I  add,  I  fear)  that 
ever  was  composed.  I  believe  it,  because  the  historian  was  an 
actor  in  his  terrible  drama,  and  personally  knew  the  principal  per- 
formers in  it ;  and  I  fear  it.  because  it  exhibits  the  woful  picture  of 
society  iu  the  fifteenth  and  sixteenth  centuries.'" — Sir  Wm.  Jones. 

'*  This  work  is  unquestionably,  in  respect  to  the  importance  and 
authenticity  of  its  matter,  the  most  valuable  part  of  the  annals 
of  Itjily  that  has  ever  been  written." — Mills. 

"I  should  not  scruple  to  prefei-  Guicciardini  to  Thucydides  in 
every  respect." — Lord  BoLlNoanoKE. 

"This  historian  represents  man  in  his  darkest  colours.  Their 
drama  is  teriific.  The  actors  are  monsters  of  perfidy,  of  inhu- 
manity, and  inventors  of  crimes  which  seem  to  want  a  name. 
They  were  all  princes  of  darkness,  and  that  age  seemed  to  afford  a 
triumph  to  Manicheism.  'I'he  worst  passions  were  called  in  by  all 
parties." — Disraeli. 

"  The  predominating  love  of  narrative,  more  especially  when  the 
exploits  of  a  favourite  nation  weie  the  sul  ject,  rendered  this  book 
very  popular;  and  it  came  recommended  to  the  public  bv  a  title- 
page  which  promised  almost  the  entertainment  of  a  romance." — 
Warto.v. 

Goddard,  Charles,  D.D.,  Archdeacon  and  Preb.  of 
Lincoln.  1.  Serm.,  Lon..  1822,  Svo.  2.  Eight  Serms.  at 
B.Tmpton  Lect,,  1823,  Oxf.,  1824,  Svo.  3.  Serms.  and 
Charges.  1838,  sm.  4to. 

Goddard,  James.  Case  between  the  Managers  of 
the  Royal  Family  Privateers.  Ac,  Lon.,  1756. 

Goddard,  Jonathan,  M.D.,  1617-1674,  a  physician, 
chemist,  botanist,  and  promoter  of  the  Roy.al  Society. 
1.  Observ.  cone,  a  Tree,  Lon..  1664,  fol.  2.  The  Fruit 
Trees'  Secrets,  1664,  4to.  3.  Discourse  on  Physic,  1669, 
'70,  '78,  4to.  4.  Chemical,  Ac  eon.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1676. 
His  recipes.  Arcana  Goddardiana,  were  pub.  at  the  end  of 
the  Pharmacopoiia  Bateann,  1691.  His  memory  was  long 
preserved  among  doctors  and  patients  by  the  Goddard 
Drops.  Bishop  Ward  says  that  Goddard  was  the  first 
Englishman  who  made  the  telescope.  The  following  not« 
will  please  the  bibliomaniac: 

"  He  was  master  of  a  most  curious  library  of  books,  well  and 
richly  bound." — Athen.  Oxon. 

See  Biog.  Brit.;  Ward's  Gresham  Prof.;  Birch's  Hist, 
of  the  Roy.  Soc. 
Goddard,  Paul  B.,  M.D.,  an  eminent  physician  of 

Philadelphia,  b.  Jan.  26,  1811,  iu  Baltimore.  1.  On  the 
Arteries,  12  plates.  Phila.,4to.  2.  On  the  Nerves,  12  plates, 
4to.  3.  The  Anatmny,  Physiology,  and  Pathology  of  the 
Human  Teeth,  with  the  most  approved  Methods  of  Treat- 
ment. Aided  in  the  practical  part  by  Joseph  E.  Parker, 
Dentist;  30  plates,  1844,  4to;  1849;  N.  York,  1854,  4to.  4. 
A  System  of  Hum.an  Anatomy,  General  and  Special,  by 
Erasmus  Wilson.  M.D.  Edited  by  P.  B.  G.  4th  Amer. 
from  the  last  Lon.  ed.,  Svo;  nearly  000  pp.,  with  250  illust. 
5.  The  Dissector;  or,  Prac.  and  Surg.  Anatomy,  by  Eras- 
mus Wilson,  M.D.  Modilied  and  rearranged  by  P".  B.  G.; 
2d  ed.,  improved,  large  12mo,  pp.  440,  with  over  100  wood- 
cuts. 6.  Practical  Treatise  on  Midwifery,  by  F.  J.  Moreau. 
Ed.  by  P.  B.  G.;  SO  plates,  Phila.,  1844,  Svo.  7.  Illustra- 
tions of  Syphilitic  Disease,  by  Philip  Ricord,  50  plates.  Ed. 
by  P.  B.  G.,  1851,  Svo.  8.  The  Iconographic  portion  of 
Rayer  on  the  Skin.  1845.  9.  Ashwell  on  Diseases  of  Fe- 
males.    Ed.  by  P.  B.  G.,  1850,  Svo. 

Goddard,  Peter  Stephen,  D.D.,  d.  1781,  Preb.  of 
Peterborough,  and  of  St.  Paul's;  Fellow  of  Clare  Hall, 
Camb.,  1727;  Master,  1762.  His  popularity  as  a  preacher 
was  so  great  that  he  was  known  .as  "  The  Young  Tillotson." 
1.  Serm.,  1746,  Svo.  2.  Serm.,  1759,  8vo.  3.  Serm.,  1759. 
4.  Serm.,  1759.     5.  Serm.,  1769,  4lo.     6.  Serm.s.,  1781,  Svo. 

Goddard,  Philip,  of  Beneham.     Serm.,  1714,  Svo. 

Goddard,  Thomas.     Miscellanea,  Lon.,  1661,  4to. 

Goddard,  Thomas.  Plato's  Demon,  Lon.,  1684, 
Svo.     This  is  an  answer  to  Pluto's  Redivivus. 


GOD 


GOD 


Goddarcl,  Thomas,  Canon  of  Windsor.  1^.  Occas. 
Sei-Qis..  170;i-10.  5.  Six  Serms.,  1715.  6,  7.  Letters, 
1710,  Ac. 

Goddard,  Thomas,  Rector  of  Swell,  Somersetshire. 
Reformation  of  the  Liturgy  j  a  Serm.  on  Jno.  xviL  3,  1772, 
8vo. 

Goddard,  Wm.  1.  A  Neaste  of  Waspes,  Dort,  1615, 
■Ito.  2.  Doi^s  from  the  Antipodes,  in  41  Satyrs,  4to.  3.  A 
Mastif- "Whelp.  This  consists  of  126  Satyrs.  Boswell,  975, 
£9  9s.  4.  A  Satyrieall  Dialogue:  or,  a  sharplye  inuectiue 
Conference  hetwecne  Alexander  the  great  and  that  trulye 
Woman-hater  Diogynes.  Imprinted  in  the  Lowe  Countryes 
for  all  such  Gentlewomen  as  are  not  altogether  idle  nor  yet 
well  occupyed,  4to.  In  this  work  the  ungallant  author  has 
the  temerity  to  attack  the  gentler  sex.  It  is  not  unlikely 
that  he  was  a  captious  old  hachelor,  who  deserved  to  re- 
main i-n. 

Goddard,  Wm.,  d.  1817,  at  Providence,  R.  I.,  in  his 
78th  year,  was  connected  with  the  newspaper  press  in 
various  parts  of  the  United  States.  In  1762  he  commenced 
the  Providence,  R.  Island,  Gazette ;  in  17(57  he  established 
the  Pennsylvania  Chronicle,  Phila. ;  in  177^^  he  commenced 
the  Maryland  Journal  at  Baltimore,  whitdi  he  relinquished 
in  1792,  and  subsequently  resided  in  Rhode  Island.  He  was 
at  one  time  connected  with  the  publication  of  Parker's 
Journal  in  New  York.  An  interesting  acc<)unt  iif  Goddard 
will  be  found  in  Thomas's  Hist,  of  Printing.  His  claim  to 
a  place  in  our  volume  is  founded  on  the  fact  of  his  having 
pub.  a  Hist,  of  the  Penn.  Chronicle,  1770.  He  married  a 
Miss  Angell,  of  Providence,  and  the  name  of  the  lady  sug- 
gested to  a  friend  of  the  groom  the  b-nt  nwt  that  Goddard 
had  "taken  an  angel  for  his  wife."  It  would  appear, 
therefore,  that  wit  is  not  entirely  a  recent  invention. 
AVhether  Mr.  Goddard's  facetious  friend  deserved  the  com- 
mendation of  Barrow  — 

"It  seemeth  to  argue  a  rare  quickness  of  parts,  that  one  can 
fetch  in  remote  conoits  applicable:  a  notable  skill,  that  he  can 
dexterously  accommodate  them  to  the  purpose  before  him" — 
we  shall  not  stop  to  inquire. 

Goddard,  Wm.  Giles,  d.  at  Providence,  R.  I.,  1846, 
aged  52,  son  of  the  preceding,  was  in  1S25  appointed  Prof, 
of  Moral  Philos.  and  Metaphysics  in  Brown  University; 
the  title  of  the  Professorship  was  in  1S34  changed  to  that 
of  Belles-Lettres.  Prof.  G.  resigned  his  post,  in  consequence 
of  ill  health,  in  1842.  He  pub.  an  Address  before  the  Phi 
Beta  Kappa  Society  of  Brown  University,  on  The  Value 
of  Liberal  Studies;  a  Sketch  of  the  first  president.  Man- 
ning; an  Address  on  the  death  of  Wm.  Henry  Harrison, 
Pres.  U.  States;  and  a  Discourse  on  tlie  Change  of  the 
Civil  Govt,  of  R.  Island  in  1843.  From  1814  to  1825  he 
was  proprietor  and  editor  of  The  Rhode  Island  American, 
a  paper  pub.  at  Providence. 

Goddard,  Wm.  Stauley,  D.D.,  1757-1S45,  Rector 
of  Repton,  Herby.  1.  Serm.  on  the  Visit,  of  the  Bishop, 
Winches.,  1811.  8vo.  2.  Serm.  at  the  Consec.  of  Bp.  How- 
ley,  Lon.,  1814,  4to. 

Godden,  Thos.,  D.D.,  Preb. -in-Ordinary  to  her  Ma- 
je^rty.  1.  Serms.,  1686.  2.  Serms.,  1686,  4to.  See  Cath. 
Serms.,  1741. 

Godet,  Gylles-  Genealogie  of  the  Kinges  of  England, 
1560-62,  fol.     Kings  from  Brute  to  Elizabeth. 

''Of  this  very  mre  and  curious  book  no  other  copy  is  known, 
but  that  at  Althorp."— Z/(7<?.  Grawill.,  q.  v. 

See  also  Herbert's  Ames,  1314,  and  Bibdin's  ^Edes  Al- 
thorpiana^,  i.  180-184. 

Godfrey  of  Winchester,  d.  1107,  prior  of  St. 
Swithin's  at  Winchester,  was  the  author  of  a  number  of 
Epistles,  epigrams,  verses,  &c.  The  two  last-named,  all 
that  are  known  to  exist,  are  preserved  in  a  MS.  iu  the  Cot- 
tonian  Library,  and  in  two  MSS.  in  the  Bodleian  Library. 
See  Wright's  Biog.  Brit.  Lit.,  and  authorities  there  cited. 

"Godfrey  of  Winchester  was  the  fir.st  and  best  of  the  Anglo- 
Norman  writ+TS  of  Latin  Terse;  in  such  of  his  works  as  are  now 
extant,  he  rises  more  successfully  than  any  other  poet  of  his  own 
or  the  succeeding  a^e  above  the  barbarisms  of  medieval  style,  and 
in  some  of  his  epigrams  he  approaches  nearly  to  the  purity  of 
Martial,  who  was  his  model." — Btog.  Brit.  Lit. 

Godfrey,  Amb.  and  Johii.  Elements  of  Water^ 
Lon..  1747,  4to. 

Godfrey,  Boyly.  1.  Fires,  1724.  2.  Experiments, 
1757. 

Godfrey,  C.  B.     Treat,  on  V.  Disease,  1797,  Svo. 

Godfrey,  Cap!.  Johu.     Back-swurd,  1747,  4to. 

Godfrey,  Michael,  d.  1695.  A  Short  Account  of  the 
intended  Bank  of  England,  Lon.,  16'J4,  4to. 

"This  tract  was  written  by  Michael  Godfrey,  Esq.,  first  Deputy- 
Governor  of  the  Bank,  and  one  of  the  most  active  coadjutors  of 
Paterson  in  its  formation." — McCuUoch's  Lit.  of  PnUt.  ICcoji. 

An  interesting  account  of  the  manner  in  which  Godfrey 


came  to  his  death — at  the  siege  of  Namur,  in  1695,  whilst 
on  an  official  visit  to  King  William — will  bo  found  in  T.  B. 
Macaulay's  Hist,  of  England,  vnl.  iv.,  just  pub.  The  un- 
fortunate Deputy-Governor  was  a  brother  of  Sir  Edmonds- 
bury  Godfrey, 

*'  Whose  sad  mysterious  death  had,  fifteen  years  before,  produced 
a  terrible  outbreak  of  popular  feeling.  Michael  was  one  of  the 
ablest,  most  upriLiht.  and  most  npnlent  of  the  merchant  princes 
of  London.  lie  was.  as  might  have  been  expected  from  his  near 
connection  with  the  martyr  of  the  Prdtestant  fiiith.  a  zealous  Whig. 
Some  of  his  writings  are  still  extant,  and  prove  him  to  have  had  a 
strong  and  clear  mind." — Macaolay.  idn  siipi-a. 

Godfrey,  Robert.     Physic,  Lon.,  1678,  '74,  Svo. 

Godfrey,  Robert.     Serm.  on  Acts  ii.  47. 

Godfrey,  Samuel.     Bills  of  Exchange,  1791,  Svo. 

Godfrey,  Thomas.  A  Kich  Storehouse;  or.  Trea- 
sury for  the  Si(_ke  full  of  Christian  Counsailes  and  Godl^- 
Meditation,  1758,  Svo. 

Godfrey,  Thomas,  1736-1763,  a  son  of  the  inventor 
of  *'IIadley's  Quadrant,"  was  a  native  of  Philadelphia, 
whore  for  some  time  he  was  apprentice  to  a  watchmaker. 
In  175S  he  was  made  lieutenant  in  the  Pennsylvania  troops 
raised  for  the  expedition  against  Fort  Du  Quesne.  He  was 
subsequently  employed  as  a  factor  in  North  Carolina,  and 
also  as  a  supercargo  in  a  voyage  to  the  island  of  New  Pro- 
vidence. His  tragedy  of  The  Prince  of  Parthia,  which 
was  offered  to  a  company  performing  in  Phila.  in  1759,  is 
sn(>posed  to  be  the  first  dramatic  work  written  in  America. 
The  Court  of  Fancy,  a  Poem,  Phila.,  1763,  4to,  was  evi- 
dently written  with  an  eye  to  Chaucer's  House  of  Fame. 
A  vol.  of  his  Poems — many  of  which  had  already  ajipeared 
in  the  American  Mag. — was  pub.  by  Godfrey's  friend,  N. 
Evan.-,  in  1767,  4to,  pp.  224. 

Godliiilus.  1.  The  Book  of  Knowledge  of  Things 
Unknown,  8vo,  2.  The  same,  with  the  Husbandman's 
Practice  and  the  Shepherd's  Prognostication,  1688,  8vo. 

"The  pi-ognosticationsof  the  weather  from  astrologic;il  observa- 
tions do  not  now  attract  any  notice,  and  this  book  does  not  con- 
tain aijy  piactical  matter." — Doimli/son's  AgricuU.  Biog. 

Godkiii,  James,  formerly  a  R.  Catholic.  1.  Apos- 
tolic Christianity;  or,  Antidote  against  Romanism  and 
Puseyism,  Lon.,  1842,  Svo.  2.  Touchstone  of  Orthodoxy, 
1842,"  12mo.  3.  Guide  to  tho  Church  of  Christ;  3d  ed., 
1S46.  Svo. 

Godley,  Johu  Robert.  Letters  from  Canada  and 
the  United  States,  Lou.,  1S44,  2  vols.  p.  Svo. 

'•The  production  of  a  sensible  and  enlightened  traveller,  who  is 
evidently  concerned  to  do  justice  to  the  pL-i-pIe  whom  he  describes, 
and  to  fninish  useful  information." — Lon.  E'.'hctic  Hf.o. 

"•  Fnr  thi-  impartiality  which  he  everywhere  exhibits,  he  deserves 
all  the  riiitil  lh:it  he  claims.  Here,  then,  is  at  least  one  English 
book  of  whiih  thy  Americans  cannot  reasonably  complain.'' — Lan. 
AfhaKviim. 

'■The  farming  or  emigration  prospects  and  practicabilities  of 
Canada  are  what  most  deeply  interest  English  readers;  and  they 
will  find  here  a  good  deal  of  information  that  bears  every  mark  of 
being  weli  cousideied  and  judicious." — Tait's  Edin.  Mug. 

Godmau,  Johu  D.,  1794-1830,  a  native  of  Annapolis, 
Maryland,  was  in  his  youth  cmydoyed  first  as  a  printer, 
and  subsequently  as  a  sailor  in  the  navy.  In  1815  ho 
commenced  the  study  of  medicine,  and  attained  a  high 
rank  in  his  profession,  especially  in  the  department  of 
anatomy.  He  was  also  distinguished  for  his  knowledge 
of  natural  history  and  the  ancient  and  modern  languages. 
After  receiving  his  medical  degree,  he  practised  for  some 
time  in  Philadelphia  and  ttther  places,  and  in  1S21  was 
appointeil  Prof,  of  Anatomy  in  the  .Medical  College  of  Cin- 
cinnati. In  1822  he  removed  to  Phila.,  and  fuur  years 
later  accepted  a  call  to  the  Professorship  of  Anatomy  in 
Rutgers  Medical  College,  New  York.  Obliged  by  failing 
health  to  embark  on  a  voyage  to  the  '\Vest  Indies,  where 
he  remained  for  a  winter,  he  settled,  on  his  return,  at  Ger- 
mantown,  Penna.,  where  he  died  of  consumption,  April 
17,  1830. 

In  addition  to  his  work  on  American  Natural  History, 
Dr.  Godman's  principal  works  are — Anatomical  Investi- 
gations ;  American  Natural  History,  commenced  in  1823 
and  completed  in  1S28,  pub.  in  3  vols.  Svo;  Acct.  of  some 
Irregularities  of  Structure  and  Morbid  Anatomy  ;  Rambles 
of  a  Naturaii^rt;  an  edit,  of  Bell's  Anatomy,  with  Notes; 
Trans,  of  Levasseur's  Acct.  of  La  Faj'ette's  Progress 
through  tho  United  States.  He  pub.  many  Addresses, 
delivered  on  various  public  occasions,  contributed  a 
number  of  articles  to  the  American  Quarterly  Review 
and  other  periodicals,  and  wrote  tho  articles  in  the  Encyc. 
Americana  to  end  of  the  letter  C.  He  established  the 
Western  Quarterly  Reporter,  projected  by  Dr.  Drake,  and 
for  some  time  assisted  in  Dr.  Chapman's  Medical  Journal, 
pub.  in  Philadelphia. 

For  further  particulars  we  must  refer  the  reader  to  tho 

681 


GOD 

Mtmoir  of  Dr.  Gorlman,  by  Thos.  Sewall,  M.D.,  Prof,  of 
Anatomy  and  Pliydology  in  the  Columbian  College, 
Washington,  D.  C,  1S3U ;  and  a  Review,  by  Dr.  Lindsley, 
of  this  Memoir,  in  the  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  xl.  87-99.  Of  God- 
man's  American  Natural  History  the  reviewer  remarks: 

•'  We  do  not  intend  to  chiini  for  this  work  very  great  merit.  In 
Buch  an  enterpiisu.  not  to  have  SiiU-d  is siitliiieut glory— especially 
when  undertaken  amidst  such  a  uiultiplicitv  of  other  engage- 
uicnts.  .  .  .  But  notwithstanding  all  the  disadvautaires  under 
Mhi.-hDr.  Godman  laboured— notwithsfandins  the  paucity  of  ma- 
terials at  his  command  from  which  to  select,  and  the  limited 
period  he  allotted  to  himself  to  prepare  and  arrange  such  as  he 
could  procure,  he  has  produced  a  work  which  will  confer  honour 
on  his  industry,  judgment  and  taleuts,  and  which  is  undoubt- 
edly superior  to  any  previous  puldicatiou  on  the  s.ame  subject.  .  .  . 
■\Ve_ consider  Dr.  Godman,  in  some  respects,  among  the  most  extra- 
ordinary men  that  have  adorned  the  medical  protession  of  our 
;ountry.'' 

Dr.  Sewall's  Memoir  of  Dr.  Godman  has  been  pub.  as  a 
tract  by  the  American  Tract  Society,  and  has  also  been 
appended  to  the  Amer.  cd.  of  Newman  Hall's  Narrative 
of  the  Closing  Scenes  of  the  Life  of  Dr.  Wm.  Gordon. 
See  GouDu.v.  Wm.,  M.D.  Both  of  these  distinguished 
physicians  were  zealous  professors  of  the  Christian  faith, 
and  died  rejoicing  in  its  consolations. 

Godman,  Wm.  Serm.  on  Eccles.  x.  17,  1660,  4to. 
Godolphin,  John,  1017-1678,  an  eminent  civilian, 
a  native  of  Godolphin,  in  the  island  of  Scilly,  was  edu- 
cated at  Gloucester  Hall,  Oxf ;  was  constituted  Judge  of 
the  Admiralty  in  1653.  and  after  the  Restoration  made 
King's  Advocate.  1.  The  Holy  Limbec,  1650,  fol.  2.  The 
Holy  Harbour;  a  Body  of  Divinity,  1651,  fol.  From  these 
treatises  he  is  ranked  among  the  Puritan  writers.  3.  Ad- 
miralty Jurisdiction,  1661,  Svo;  2d  ed.,  with  addits.,  16S5. 
The  same,  under  the  title  of  Laws,  Ordinances,  Ac.  of  the 
Admiralty,  1766-67,  2  vols.  Svo.  See  3  Mason's  Rep.  245. 
4.  The  Orphan's  Legacy;  a  Testamentary  Abridgt.,  Lon., 
1674,  '77,  '85,  1701,  4to.  5.  Rcpertorinm  Canonicum;  or, 
An  Abridgt.  of  the  Eccles.  Laws,  167S,  'SO,  "87,  4to. 

"Esteemed  a  learned  man,  and  as  well  read  in  divinity  as  in 
his  own  laculty,  as  may  lie  seen  in  the  books  following' of  his 
writing,  [see  Xos.  1  and  2.}"—Allirii.  Oj-nii. 

Godolphin,  Sydney,  1610-164.'!,  a  poet,  a  native  of 
Cornwall,  educated  at  E.xeter  Coll.,  Oxf.,  fought  in  the 
King's  army  during  the  Rebellion,  and  was  slain  at  Chag- 
ford,  Devonshire.  He  wrote  several  original  poems,  and 
trans,  the  Lives  of  Dido  and  JJneas  from  Virgil,  135S.  Svo. 
"  I  have  known  clearness  of  judgment  and  largeness  of  fancy, 
strength  of  reason  and  graceful  elocution;  a  cour.age  for  the  wfir. 
and  a  fear  for  the  laws;  and  all  enunently  in  one  man;  and  that 
was  my  most  noble  and  houour'd  fiiend  Mr.  Sydn.  Godolphin,"  &c. 
— Hobby's  Lrviut/mn. 

"  Sydn.  Godolphin,  who  deserved  all  elogy  that  he  gives  of 
him,"  Ac— EiRL  of  Clake.ndon:  Bri,-/  Vicwaitd  Survci/ of  Mobbes's 
Leviathan. 

"  Thou'rt  dead.  Godolphin,  who  lov'dst  reason  true. 
Justice  and  peace;  soldier  belov'd.  adieu!" — IIoBflRS. 
See  an  interesting  account  of  Godolphin  in  Athen.  Oxon. 
Godschall,  Wm.  M.    Pl.an  of  Police,  Lon.,  17S7,  Svo. 
God.'tkitll,  James.     Medicine.  Lon.,  1604,  Svo. 
Godson,  Kichard,  M.P.    Law  of  Patents  for  Inven- 
tions and  of  Copyright,  2d  ed.,  Lon.,  1840,  Svo.     Supp., 
1844.     New  supp.,  by  Peter  Burke.  1851,  Svo. 

'•  The  author  was  the  flrst  English  writer  to  publish  a  methodi- 
cal treatise  upon  this  comparatively  new  departmoit  of  the  law. 
He  has  given  a  general  and  accurate  analysis  of  the  Cases,  and 
presented  the  whole  learning  upon  a  subject  no  less  difficult  than 
import-int,  in  a  very  attractive  manner."- Jif.irri/i's  Lrri.  BiU 
See  I'ref  Phil.  Pat. 

"A  clear,  comprehensive  and  useful  work.'" — McCulloch's  Lit.  of 
PoHt.  i}:int. 

Godson,  Robert.  Astrologia  Reformata;  or,  A  Re- 
form, of  the  Pro-nostical  i>artof  Astrol.,  Lon.,1696, '97,Svo. 

Godwin,  Edward.     Serms.,  1721-29,  all  Svo. 

Godwin,  Franci.s,  D.D.,  1561-1633,  a  native  of  Hav- 
ington,  Northamptonshire,  was  a  son  of  Thos.  Godwin, 
Bishop  of  Bath  and  Wells.  He  was  educated  at  Christ 
Church,  Oxf,  and  became  Rector  of  Samford,  Orcaius, 
Preb.  of  Wilts,  and  Sub-dean  of  Esoter  ;  Bishop  of  Llan- 
daff,  1601:  trans,  to  Hereford,  1617.  1.  Concio  Lat.  in 
Luc.  v.  3.  1601,  4to.  2.  Cat.  of  the  Bishops  of  England; 
from  the  first,  with  their  lives  and  actions,  Lou.,  1601,  4to. 
With  addits.,  1615,  4to.  In  Latin.  1616,  4to,  entitled  De 
Praesulibus  Anglias  Commentarius,  &c. ;  Appendix,  &.c.  2, 
sheets  in  4to,  1621-22.  With  a  Contin.  by  Dr.  Richard- 
son, 1743,  fol. 

"  For  the  writing  of  which  Q.  Elizabeth  immediately  preferr'd 
him  to  the  bishopilck  of  Ll.andall.'"— .l//icn.  Oxon. 

Wood  refers  to  Godwin's  first  ed..  1601,  4to.  See  Athen. 
Oxon.  for  an  account  of  the  subsequent  improvements,  and 
for  titles  and  particulars,  of  Godwin's  other  works.  It  is  a 
curious  fact  that  the  flrst  ed.  of  his  catalogue  caused  Queen 
Elizabeth  to  give  him  the  bishopric  of  Llaudafl^  and  the 


GOD 

last  was  rew.arded  by  King  James  with  the  bishopric  of 
EcFeford.  3.  Ann.ales  Rerum  Anglicarum  Henrico  VIII., 
Edward  VI.,  et  M.aria  Regnantibus,  1616,  fob;  1628,  4to. 
Trans,  by  his  son,  Morgan  Godwin,  and  pub.  as  Annals  of 
England,  &c.,  1630,  '76,  fol.  4.  Nuncius  Inanimatus.  (or 
the  Inanimate  Messenger,)  1629,  Svo;  1657.  Trans,  by 
Dr.  Thos.  Smith,  and  pub.  with  The  Man  in  the  Mooii. 
This  is  supposed  to  have  given  rise  to  Bp.  Wilkins's  Mer- 
cury, or  Secret  and  Swift  Messenger.  Godwin  hints  at  an 
art  by  which  messages  m.ay  bo  conveyed  m.any  miles  with 
incredible  swiftness.  5.  Value  of  the  Roman  Sesterce,  and 
Attic  Talent,  1630.  6.  The  Man  in  the  Moon;  or,  a  Dis- 
course of  a  Voyage  thither  by  Domingo  Gonzales,  written 
between  1599  and  1603,  [see  No.  4,]  Perth,  1638,  Svo. 
Several  eds. 

"  It  was  translated  in  French,  and  became  the  model  of  Cyrano 
de  Bergerac,  as  he  was  of  Swift.  Godwin  himself  had  no  prototype, 
as  far  as  I  know,  but  Lucian.  He  resembles  those  writers  in' the 
natural  and  veracious  tone  of  his  lies.  The  fiction  is  rather  inge- 
nious and  amusing  throughout ;  but  the  most  remarkable  part  is 
the  happy  conjectures,  if  we  must  say  no  more,  of  his  philosophy. 
Not  only  docs  the  writer  declare  positively  for  the  Copernican  sys- 
tem, which  was  uncommon  at  that  time,  but  he  has  surpiisinglv 
understood  the  pi  inciple  of  gravitation,  it  being  distinctly  supposed 
that  the  earth's  attraction  diminishes  with  the  distance."— iftii- 
lam's  Lit.  Hist,  of  Europe. 

7.  Life  and  Reign  of  Q.  Mary  of  England.  See  Rennet's 
Collections,  vol.  ii.  329,  1706. 

"  A  person  also  he  was  so  celebrated  by  many  in  his  time,  whether 
at  home  or  beyond  the  seas,  that  his  memory 'cannot  otherwise  but 
be  precious  in  succeeding  ages,  for  his  indefatigable  pains  and  travel 
In  collecting  the  succession  of  all  the  bishops  of  England  and  Wales, 
since  the  flrst  planting  of  the  gospel  among  the  Christians  not  pre- 
termitting such  of  the  British  church,  or  any  that  have  been  re- 
membered by  the  care  and  diligence  of  preceding  writers,  or  had 
been  kept  in  memory  in  any  old  monument  or  record."— .d(/t!». 
Oxon. 

'■The  church  of  LlandafT  was  much  beholding  to  him;  yea.  the 
whole  church  of  England;  ye,%  the  whole  church  militant;  yea, 
many  now  in  the  church  triumphant  had  had  their  memories 
utterly  lost  on  earth,  if  not  preserved  by  his  painful  endeavours 
in  his  Catalogue  of  English  Bishops."— i^uifer's  WoHhits  of  NorUtr 
ampttmshire. 

Godwin,  George.  Facts  and  Fancies;  a  Collection 
of  Tales  and  Sketches,  Lon.,  1844,  p.  Svo. 

"A  pleasant  volume  of  light  reading.    Those  who  are  weary  of 
every-day  facts  and  the  conventional  fictions  of  real  life,  may  find 
relief  and  amusement  in  the  F.acts  and  Fancies  of  Mr.  Godwin."— 
Westminster  Beview. 
Other  works. 

Godwin,  Mary  Wollstonecraft,  1759-1797,  a  na- 
tive of  London  or  its  vicinity,  was  the  daughter  of  a  person 
who  was  alternately  a  tradesman  and  a  farmer,  without 
much  profit  from  either  occupation.  There  seems  to  have 
been  an  entire  absence  of  all  proper  discipline  in  the  house- 
hold of  this  vacillating  individual,  and  to  this  fact  is  doubt- 
less to  be  imputed  the  beginning  of  many  faults  exhibited 
in  Mary's  wayward  career.  After  residing  for  some  time 
as  a  companion  to  a  lady  at  Bath,  in  1783,  assisted  by  her 
two  sisters  and  a  friend,  she  established  a  day-school  at 
Islington;  but  in  a  few  months  removed  her  seminary  to 
Newington  Green. 

A  trip  to  Lisbon  interrupted  her  professional  duties,  and  on 
her  return  she  abandoned  the  school,  and  accepted  the  situa- 
tion of  a  governess  in  the  family  of  Lord  Kingsborough, 
where  she  remained  until  17S7.  In  17S6  she  pub.  Thoughts 
on  the  Education  of  Daughters,  which  was  followed  by 
M,ary,  a  fiction;  Original  Stories  from  Real  Life;  the  Fe- 
male Reader;  trans,  and  abridgments  of  Salzinan's  Ele- 
ments of  Morality,  Lavater's  Physiognomy,  &o.;  and  some 
articles  in  the  Analytical  Review.  In  1791  she  acquired 
considerable  notoriety  by  the  publication  of  her  Answer 
to  Burke's  Reflections  on  the  French  Revolution,  and  her 
Vindication  of  the  Rights  of  Women.  She  now  mixed  a 
good  deal  iu  literary  society,  and,  unaccustomed  to  restrain 
any  feeling  which  happened  to  be  uppermost,  cherished  an 
attachment  for  Fuseli,  the  artist,  who  was  already  maiTied 
and  very  properly  discouraged  the  advances  of  his  enthu- 
siastic admirer.  Disgusted  with  the  world,  and  perhaps 
with  herself,  Miss  Wollstonecraft  left  England,  and  in  1792 
we  find  her  in  France,  where  she  formed  an  alliance- not 
of  the  most  irreproachable  character— with  Mr.  Inilay,  an 
American.  She  was  now  perfectly  satisfied,  or  professed 
to  be  so;  but  Mr.  Imlay  was  not:  he  abandoned  her  to 
loneliness,  and  in  her  despair  she  made  two  attempts  upon 
her  own  life.  An  acquaintance  with  Mr.  William  Godwin, 
soon  to  be  noticed  iu  our  work,  restored  her  to  her  former 
equanimity ;  and  this  acquaintance— in  accordance  with  the 
lady's  ideas  of  the  Rights  of  Women— soon  ripened  into 
relations  of  the  most  intimate  character,  but  without  the 
usual  formalities  of  legal  sanction  and  priestly  benediction. 
After  residing   together  for  about  six  months,  the  two 


GOD 

friends  were  united  Iiy  marria;,'o.  Mrs.  Godwin  died  in 
September,  1797,  leaving  an  infant  daugliter,  who  became 
the  wife  of  Percy  Bysshe  Sbellcy. 

In  addition  to  the  wurlis  noticed  ahove,  Mrs.  Godwin 
pub.  A  Moral  and  Historical  Relation  of  the  French  Revo- 
lution— one  vol.  only  appeared; — Letters  from  Sweden, 
Norway,  and  Denmark,  1796;  Young  Grandison;  a  trans, 
of  Necker  on  the  Importance  of  Religious  Opinions.  After 
her  death  Mr.  Godwin  pub.  her  Miscellanies,  Letters,  and 
an  unfinished  novel,  with  a  Life  of  the  author,  1798, 4  vols. 
12mo,  and  1  vol.  8vo. 

"  Mr.  Godwiu  wrote  and  published  the  Memoirs  of  Mary  Woll- 
stonecraft.  a  work  disi-eputaVile  to  bis  name,  as  well  as  that  of  his 
wife;  she  appe;irs  to  have  been  grossly  irreligious,  indelicate,  and 
dissolute." — Lnn.  Grnt.  Muff.,  Juiir,  1836. 

Lawrence's  Empire  of  the  Nairs;  or,  the  Rights  of  Wo- 
man; an  Utopian  Romance.  1S1.3,  4  vols.  12mo,  adopts  the 
anti-marriage  theory  of  Mrs.  Godwin.  Such  speculations 
would  provoke  ridicule,  were  they  not  too  mischievous  to 
be  laughed  at. 

"  No  woman  (with  the  exception  of  the  greatest  woman,  Madame 
de  Stael)  has  made  any  impression  on  the  public  mind  during  the 
last  fifty  years,  to  be  compared  with  Mrs.  Godwin.  This  was  per- 
haps more  especially  true  in  the  provinces,  where  her  new  and 
startling  doctrines  were  seized  with  avidity,  and  acted  upon  in 
some  particulars  to  considerable  extent,  particularly  by  married 
women.  .  .  .  She  was,  I  have  been  told  by  an  intimate  friend,  very 
pretty  and  feminine  in  manners  and  person;  much  attached  to 
those  very  observances  she  decries  in  her  works;  so  th.it  if  any 
gentleman  did  not  fly  to  open  the  door  as  she  approached  it,  or 
take  up  the  handkerchief  she  dropped,  she  .showered  on  him  the 
full  weight  of  reproach  and  displeasure;  an  inconsistency  she 
would  have  doubtless  despised  in  a  disciple.  I  have  heard  the 
late  Miss  Jewsbury  express  an  intention  of  so  remodelling  the 
Rights  of  Women,  that  it  would  uot  fail  to  liecome  attractive,  and 
ehe  thought  useful." — Communication  in  Mrs.  i^lwood's  Literary 
Ladies  "f  Eng. 

"  He  [Coleridge]  asked  me  if  I  had  ever  seen  Mary  Wollstonecraft, 
and  I  said,  I  had  once  for  a  few  moments,  and  that  she  seemed  to 
me  to  turn  off'  Godwin's  objection  to  something  she  advanced  with 
quite  a  playful,  easy  air.  He  replied  that  '  this  w.as  only  one  in- 
stance of  the  ascendency  which  people  of  imagination  exercised 
over  those  of  mere  intellect.'  lie  did  not  rate  Godwin  high,  (this 
was  caprice,  or  prejudice  real  or  affected.)  but  he  had  a  great  idea 
of  Mrs.  Wollstonecraft's  powers  of  conversation ;  none  at  all  of  her 
talent  for  book-making."— HiZUIT ;  My  First  Acquaintance  with 
Pods. 

Godwin,  Morgan,d.  1645,  Archdeacon  of  Shropshire, 
a  sou  of  Francis  Godwin,  D.D.,  trans.,  as  we  have  noticed, 
his  father's  Annales.  He  was  ejected  by  the  Parliamentary 
Commissioners,  and  his  family  reduced  to  distress. 

Godwin,  Morgan,  son  of  the  preceding,  became  a 
minister  of  Virginia  umler  the  administration  of  Sir  Wm. 
Berkeley.  1.  The  Negroes'  and  Indians'  Advocate  suing 
for  their  admission  to  the  Church,  Lon.,  16S0,  Svo. 
2.  Supplet.,  IBsl,  Svo.  3.  Serm.  rel.  to  the  Plantations; 
on  Jer.  ii.  34.  1085,  4to. 

Godwin,  Parke,  b.  robru.ary  25,  1816,  at  Paterson, 
New  Jersey,  is  a  son  of  General  Godwin,  an  officer  of  the 
war  of  1812,  and  a  grandson  of  a  soldier  of  the  American 
Revolution.  After  graduating  at  Princeton  College  in  1S34, 
Mr.  G.  studied  law  and  was  admitted  to  practice,  but  found  a 
stronger  charm  in  the  cultivation  of  letters.  From  1837  to 
1853  he  assisted  his  celebrated  father-in-law,  William  C. 
Bryant,  in  the  editorial  duties  connected  with  the  New  York 
Evening  Post.  In  Feb.  1843,  he  commenced  the  publica- 
tion of  a  weekly  periodical  entitled  The  Pathfinder.  The 
title  proved  to  be  a  misnomer,  for,  although  admitted  to  be 
admirably  conducted,  it  failed  to  find  the  path  to  public 
favour,  and,  after  a  brief  existence  of  three  months  and 
fifteen  numbers,  it  expired.  Mr.  G.  has  pub.  Goethe's  Au- 
tobiography, trans,  and  edited;  Zschokke's  Tales,  trans.; 
a  Popular  View  of  the  Doctrines  of  Fourier;  Vala,  a 
Mythological  Tale;  Hand-Book  of  Universal  Biography, 
compiled  from  Maunder  and  other  authorities;  pub.  as  one 
of  the  vols,  of  Putnam's  Home  Cyelopa.Hlia;  Constructive 
Democracy;  articles  in  the  Democratic  Review:  on  Shel- 
ley ;  Democracy ;  Edward  Livingston ;  Jeremy  Bentham ; 
Goethe;  Free 'i'rade ;  William  Leggctt;  Political  Econo- 
my; Wa.shington  Irving;  Downiug's  Landscape  Garden- 
ing; Carlyle's  Chartism  ;  England  and  China;  Journalism  ; 
The  Loggerheads  ;  Bryant's  Poems;  American  Poetry,  Ac; 
also  articles  in  Putnam's  Monthly  Mag.:  on  American 
Authors;  The  Works  of  American  Statesmen;  Our  New 
President;  Parties  and  Politics;  Annexation;  What  im- 
pression ilo  we  make  abroad?  The  Pacific  Railroad;  The 
Know  Nothings;  How  they  manage  in  Europe;  Comte's 
Philosophy;  A  Few  Days  in  Vienna;  From  Venice  to 
Vienna;  A  Day  on  the  Danube;  French  Almanacs;  A 
Letter  to  John  Bull;  The  Eastern  Question,  Ac;  and  most 
of  the  editorial  notes. 

Mr.  Godwin  has  in  preparation  (we  are  glad  to  state)  a 


GOD 

work  on  The  History  of  Franco,  to  which  he  has  devoted 
many  years,  one  on  the  Nineteenth  Century,  with  its  Lead- 
ing Men  and  Movements,  and  a  book  of  Travels,  to  be  en- 
titled A  Winter  Harvest,  giving  an  account  of  interviews 
with  a  number  of  Frcn<-h  and  English  political  reformers. 
Godwin,  Ricliard.  Religious  Zeal,  Lon.,  1780. 
Godwin,  Thomas,  1587-1643,  a  native  of  Somerset- 
shire, entered  at  Magdalen  Hall,  Oxf..  16U2  ;  chief  master 
of  the  Free  School  at  Abingdon.  161)9;  became  Rector  of 
Brightwell,  Berkshire,  and  resigned  his  school.  1.  Ro- 
maniB  Historise  Anthologia;  an  Eng.  Expos,  of  the  Roman 
Antiquities,  Oxf.,  1613,  '23,  '25,  '33,  4to;  Lon.,  165S,  '68, 
'85;  16th  ed.,  1686,  4to;  1668,  '86,  8vo.  A  valuable  work 
in  its  day.  2.  Moses  and  Aaron,  or  the  Civil  and  Ecclo- 
siastical  Rites  used  among  the  Ancient  Hebrews  observed 
and  at  large  opened  for  the  clearing  of  many  obscure  Texts 
throughout  the  whole  Scripture,  Lon.,  1614,  4to  ;  Oxf., 
1616,  '22,  '25,  '28,  4to ;  Lon.,  1655,  '62,  '68.  '72;  12th  e.l., 
1685,  4to;  in  Latin,  Ultraj.,  1690, '98,  Svo;  Franeker,  1710, 
12mo;  Francf.,  1716,  12mo;  Lugd.  Bat.,  1723,  '24,  Svo. 

"It  was  also  transl.ated  into  Latin  liy  Reiz,  and  published  with 
his  notes  in  1679.  It  was  edited  in  1094.  by  the  celebrated  Wit- 
sius.  u  liN  :idded  two  dissertJitions.  one  on  the  theocracy  of  Israel, 
ami  ;irii.t!jrr  on  the  Rechabites.  Hettinger  published  it  with  con- 
sid.-rabtu  additions  and  improvements  in  1710.  Cai-pzov's  Appa- 
ratus of  Hebrew  Antiiiuities  ['The  most  elaborate  system  of  Jew- 
ish autiiiuities,  perhaps,  that  is  extant. — Ilornes  Bihl.  Bil>.']  is  a 
learned  commentary  on  it;  and  Jenning's  work  on  Jewish  Anti- 
quities is  of  the  same  nature.  It  is,  on  the  whole,  a  valuable  and 
accurate  work.  There  is  often  bound  up  with  it  a  work  on  Roman 
Antiiuities,  by  the  same  writer,  and  another  on  Grecian  Antiqui- 
ties, by  Francis  Rous,  the  four  la.st  chapters  of  whicti  were  written 
by  the  learned  Zachary  BoL'an.  The  wliole  form  a  useful  and  not 
expensive  body  of  antiquities." — Orme's  Bitl.  Bib. 

Moses  and  Aaron  is  recommended  by  the  celebrated 
Witsius. 

3.  Synopsis  Antiquitatum  Hebraicarum,  in  iii.  lib.,  Oxon., 
1616,  4to.  4.  Florilegium  Phr.asioon  ;  or,  A  Survey  of  the 
Latin  Tongue,  for  the  use  of  his  School.  5.  Three  Argu- 
ments to  prove  Election  upon  Foresight  by  Faith.  This 
occasioned  a  controversy  with  Dr.  Wm.  Twisse,  of  New- 
bury, Berkshire,  in  which  Godwin  is  thought  to  have  been 
confuted. 

"The  Presbyterian  writers  [Geo.  Kend.al  and  Dr.  Saml.  Clarke] 
say  that  tho'  Dr.  Godwin  was  a  very  learned  man  in  the  antiqui- 
ties of  the  Hebrews,  Greeks,  and  Latins,  yet  he  was  fitter  to  in- 
struct Grammarians  thjin  deal  with  logicians,  and  bad  more 
power  as  master  of  a  school  at  Abingdon  than  .as  a  doctor  of  divi- 

'  nity.  They  further  add,  also,  that  Twisse  did.  by  bis  writings 
and  disputes,  whip  this  old  schoolmaster,  and  wrested  that  ferula 
out  of  bis  bands  which  he  had  enough  used  with  pride,  and  ex- 
pos"d  him  to  lie  derided  by  boys." — Athen.  Oxon. 

Godwin,  Thomas.  1.  Catholics  no  Idolaters ;  against 
Dr.  StiUingfleefs  chiirge  of  idolatry  against  the  Ch.  of 
Rome,  Lon.,  1672,  Svo.     2.  Discharge  to  Dr.  Stillingfleet's 

I  charge  of  Idolatry  against  the  Ch.of  Rome,  P.aris,  1677.  Svo. 
Godwin,  Timothy,  Bishop  of  Kilmore  and  Ardagh. 
1.  Serms.  on    Ps.  xcviii.  1.     2.  Serms.  on   Ezek.  xvii.  19, 
1716,  4to.     3.  Serms.  on  Heb.  xiii.  16,  1724,  4to. 

Godwin,  William,  1756-1836,  a  native  of  Wisc- 
heach,  Ombridgeshire,  where  his  father  was  a  dissenting 
minister,  was  educated  at  the  Dissenting  College,  Hoxton, 

!  where  ho  remained  for  .above  five  years,  under  the  tuition 
of  Doctors  Rees  and  Kippis.     In  1778  Godwin  became 

1  minister  to  a  dissenting  congregation  near  London,  and 
soon  afterwards  took  charge  of  a  meeting-house  at  Stow- 
market,  Suffolk.  In  1782  he  determined  to  relinquish  the 
ministry  and  seek  a  livelihood  by  the  use  of  his  pen,  and 
accordingly  he  removed  to  Londi>n  as  a  permanent  resi- 
dence. For  the  particulars  of  his  social  life,  we  must 
refer  the  reader  to  the  detailed  account  pub.  in  the  Lon- 
don Gent.  Mag.  for  June,  1836,  shortly  after  his  decease. 
This  account  is  principally  derived  from  a  sketch,  bio- 
graphical and  critical,  prefixed  to  tho  novel  of  Caleb 
Williams,  pub.  in  Bentley's  Standard  Novels.  We  need 
only  remark,  here,  that  in  1797  ho  became  the  husband 

!  of  a  woman  of  notoriously  bad  character — Mary  Woll- 
stonecraft (see  ante) — with  whom  ho  had  previously  lived 
on  disreputable  terms,  and  after  her  death  was  again 
married.  He  was  once  principal  conductor  of  the  New 
Annual  Register,  for  a  time  a  bookseller,  frequently  a 
member  of  distinguished  literary  circles,  and  always  a 
lover  of  letters.  His  few  last  years  were  rendered  inde- 
pendent by  an  appointment  to  the  sinecure  office  of  Yeo- 
man Usher  of  the  Exchequer.  He  bad  considerable  abili- 
ties, little  judgment,  and  loss  wisdom;  and  in  his  efforts 
for  reform  lacked  that  foundation  without  which  all  such 
attempts  are  hopeless — a  recognition  of  man's  moral  de- 
pravity, and  the  necessity  of  maintaining  a  constant  sense 
of  strict  accountability  to  his  Maker.  We  proceed  to 
notice  his  publications: 

683 


GOD 

1.  Sketches  of  History,  in  Six  Serms.,  Lon.,  1784, 12mo. 
2.  An  Enquiry  concerning  Political  Justice,  and  ita  Intiu-  i 
once  on  General  Virtue  and  Happiness,  1793,  2  vols.  4to ;  i 
3d  ed.,  1797,  2  vols.  8vo.     For  this  work  he  received  £700.  j 
It  at  once  attracted  the  public  attention,  but  has  long 
been  neglected, 

"No  work  in  our  time  gave  such  a  blow  to  the  pbilnsophi(\il 
iiiiDd  of  the  country  as  the  celebrated  Enquiry  concernivg  Pnhti- 
cal  Justice.  Tom  Paine  was  considered  tor  the  time  as  a  Tom  Fool 
10  him;  Paley  an  old  woman;  Edmund  Burke  a  flashy  sophist. 
Truth,  morartruth,  it  was  supposed,  had  here  taken  up  its  abode; 
and  these  were  the  oracles  of  thought.  'Throw  aside  your  books 
of  Chemistry,'  said  Wordsworth  to  a  young  mau,  a  student  in  the 
Temple,  'and  read  Godwin  on  Necessity.'"— -Hac^M's  Sjrint  of  the 
Age. 

*'This  was  a  bold  and  astounding  piece  of  writing,  a  very 
master-stroke  of  levelization.  pardonable  only  as  having  been  con- 
ceived in  the  madness  of  a  distracting  period  in  the  history  and 
affairs  of  Europe.  "VVe  are  told  it  became  so  popular,  that  the 
poorest  mechanics  were  known  to  club  subscriptions  for  its  pur- 
chase, and  thus  was  it  directed  to  mine  and  eat  away  contentment 
from  a  nation's  roots.  In  a  very  short  time  the  author  himself 
.saw  he  had  transgressed  the  bounds  of  prudence,  and  in  what 
was  called  a  second  edition  recanted  many  of  the  most  erroneous 
and  alarming  doctrines  of  the  first" — Biog.  AUice  in  Lon.  Gent. 
May.,  June,  1836,  666-670. 

"You  supped  upon  Godwin  and  oysters  with  Carlisle.  Have 
you,  then,  read  Godwin  with  attention?  Give  me  your  thoughts 
of  his  book;  for.  faulty  as  it  is  in  many  parts,  there  is  a  mass  of 
truth  iu  it  that  must  make  every  man  think.  Godwin,  as  a  man, 
is  very  contemptible.  I  am  afraid  that  most  public  characters 
will  ill  endure  examination  in  their  private  lives.  ...  Do  not 
despise  Godwin  too  much.  ...  lie  will  do  good  by  defending 
Atheism  in  print,  because  when  the  arguments  are  known  they 
mav  be  easily  and  satisfactorily  answered." — Robert  Soiithe</  to  G. 
C.  Bedford,  1795-96.  In  another  place  Southey  calls  Godwin  "  the 
Goliath  of  the  philosophical  Cauaanites." 

"  Uis  Political  Justice,  with  all  the  extravagance  r,f  its  first 
edition,  or  with  all  the  inconsistencies  of  its  last,  is  a  noble  work, 
replete  with  lofty  principle  and  thought,  and  often  leading  to  the 
most  striking  results  by  a  process  of  the  severest  reasoning." — Sir 
T.  N.  T.^lfourd:  Lon.  New  Month.  Mag.,  and  in  his  Orit.  and 
Miscell.  Writings. 

"I  cannot  but  consider  the  author  of  Political  Justice  as  a 
philosophical  reasoner  of  no  ordinary  stamp  or  pretensions.  That 
work,  whatever  its  defects  may  be,  is  distinguished  by  the  most 
acute  and  severe  logic,  and  by  the  utmost  boldness  of  thinking, 
founded  on  a  love  and  conviction  of  truth.'' — HuzUtt  on  the  Eng- 
lish Sovelists. 

'■  Whatever  may  be  its  mistakes,  which  we  shall  be  the  last  to 
underrate,  it  is  certain  that  works  in  which  errors  eijually  dan- 
gerous are  maintained  with  far  less  ingenuity,  have  obtained  for 
their  authors  a  conspicuous  place  in  the  philosophical  history  of 
the  eighteenth  century." — Sir  James  Mackintosh  :  Eiii?i.  Jicv.,  48S, 
and  in  his  3tisc.  Works. 

"  Seldom  has  so  buld,  powerful  and  collected  a  thinker  investi- 
gated questions  of  this  nature.  His  Inquiry  is  scarcely  tinged 
with  the  atmosphere  of  ordinary  life.  He  takes  up  the  subject 
like  a  new-comer  to  our  planet,  unswayed  either  by  habit  or  asso- 
ciation. His  work  may  be  described  as  the  application  of  intellect 
to  life.  The  result  way,  that  he  proved  that  reason  is  not  the  only 
guide,  and,  in  doing  this,  he  fulfilled  a  vast  though  negative  ser- 
vice; besides  incidentally  contributing  new  impul.se  and  informa- 
tion to  the  cause  of  individual  culture  and  social  progress."' — II.  T. 
Tvckerman:  Characteristits  of  Literature :  The  Reformer :  Godwin. 
"The  influence  nf  the  work  I  can  myself  remember.  In  any 
ordinary  state  of  the  woi-ld  it  must  have  fallen  lifeless  from  the 
press;  highly  metaphysical,  continually  running  into  general  ab- 
stractions, into  disquisitions,  never  ending  still  beginning,  no- 
thing was  ever  less  fitted  to  attract  a  reader  than  this  repulsive 
Inquiry  concerning  Political  Justice;  and  if  the  state  had  not 
been  out  of  joint,  most  assuredly  scarce  a  reader  would  have  been 
found.  Some  years  after,  when  the  success  of  the  work  had  been 
estiiblished.  Mr.  Burke  was  asked  whether  he  had  seen  it.  '  Why. 
yes,  I  have  seen  it,'  was  the  answer,  'and  a  mighty  stupid-looking 
book  it  is.'  No  two  words  could  better  have  described  it.  The 
late  excellent  Sir  Samuel  Komilly.  who  had  then  leisure  to  read 
every  thing,  told  a  friend  who  had  never  heard  of  it.  that  there 
had  just  appeared  a  book,  by  far  the  most  absurd  that  had  ever 
come  within  his  knowledge,  (this  was  the  work  of  Godwin;!  and 
sirs.  Barbauld.  who  at  length,  by  the  progress  of  its  doctrines, 
was  compelled  to  look  at  it,  declared,  that  what  was  good  in  thi^ 
book  was  chiefly  taken  from  Hume;  and  that  it  was  'borrowed 
sense,  and  original  nonsense.'  ...  It  is  no  longer  possible,  I 
think,  to  read  the  book:  the  world  is  now  in  a  more  settled  state, 
and  people  no  longer  make  "  inquiries  concerning  political  justice, 
and  its  influence  on  morals  and  happiness,'  according  to  the  title 
of  his  book.  I  will  therefore  endeavour  to  give  you  some  general 
notion  of  the  leading  principles  of  the  work,  in  the  most  concise 
manner  I  am  able. 

"  This  sentence  was  written  many  years  ago.  like  the  rest  of  the 
lectures  I  am  now  delivering;  but,  as  I  mentioned  in  my  intro- 
ductory lecture  to  this  course.  I  have  lived  to  see  all  the  doctrines 
of  Godwin  revived.  They  are  the  .'^me  as  those  which  now  infest 
the  world  and  disgrace  the  human  understanding,  delivered  by 
Mr.  Owen,  by  the  Chartists,  the  St.  Simonians,  Ac.  Ac,  and  by 
many  other  "political  theorists,  in  these  kingdoms,  in  France,  on 
the  continent,  and  the  '  Workees.'  as  they  call  themselves,  in 
America.  .  .  .  Books  like  Mr.  Godwin's  fand  I  have  therefore 
called  your  attention  to  his  work,  merely  as  a  specimen  of  all 
other  revolutionary  works  and  reasonings)  have  a  fatal  tendency 
to  animate  and  exasperate  men  of  .'^nguine  and  benevolent 
minds  with  talse  ideas  of  the  perfectibility  of  human  nature,  and 
erroneous  estimates  of  the  evils  they  see  existing ;  they  create  in 
6S4 


GOD 

them  a  hasty,  unreasonable  impatience  and  scorn  for  the  more 
bumble  and  unassuming  principles  upon  which  those  who  would 
melittiate  the  condition  of  their  fellow-creatures  mnat  proceed; 
they  prepare  tbe  way  for  the  appearance  and  success  of  daring 
and  bad  men ;  of  revolutionists  of  the  worst  description ;  and  while 
they  profess  to  further  the  great  cause  of  liberty,  and  the  improve- 
ment of  mankind,  they  bring  into  suspicion  and  contempt  some 
of  the  noblest  and  best  virtues  of  the  human  character;  they 
make  patriotism  useless,  and  benevolence  ridiculous.'' — Prof. 
Smyth's  Lccts.  on  the  Hist,  of  the  French  Revi'lution.  See  Green's 
Examination  of  Godwin's  Political  Justice.  &c.,  Lon.,  1798,  8vo. 

Sir  Walter  Scott,  who  had  the  same  difficulty  in  ''sparing 
or  passing  by  a. jest,"  when  writing,  that  Lord  Bacon  had 
when  speaking,  thus  pleasantly  rallies  Godw  n  upon  the 
maxims  of  property  contained  in  bis  Political  Justice. 
The  remark  occurs  in  Scott's  review  of  Godwin's  Life  of 
Chaucer,  and  refers  to  the  biographer's  complaint  that  tbe 
owners  of  libraries  refused  to  lend  him  the  books  which 
he  required  for  consultation  : 

"We  cannot  help  remarking  that  the  principles  of  a  modern 
philosopher  continue  to  charm  the  public  after  the  good  man  him- 
self has  .ibandoned  them ;  just  as  the  very  truest  tale  will  some- 
times be  distrusted  from  the  habitual  falsehood  of  tbe  narrator. 
We  fear  this  may  have  incommoded  Mr.  Godwin  in  his  antiquarian 
researches,  more  than  he  seems  to  be  aware  of.  'When  he  com- 
plains that  private  collectors  decline  'to  part  with  their  treasures 
for  a  short  time  out  of  their  own  hands,'  did  it  never  occur  to  Mr. 
Godwin  that  the  maxims  concerning  property,  contained  in  his 
Political  Justice,  were  not  altogether  calculated  to  conciliate  confi- 
dence in  the  author!'" — Edm.  Rev.,  iii.  >i37-452. 

3.  Things  as  they  are,  or  the  Adventures  of  Caleb 
Williams;  a  Novel,  1794,3  vols.  12rao;  1796,  3  vols.  12mo; 
1816,  3  vols.  12moj  1832, 12mo;  1S49,  12moi  1854,  f p.  8vo. 
This  work  has  also  a  political  tendency: 

"A  general  review  of  the  modes  of  domestic  despotism,  by  which 
mau  ^comes  the  destroyer  of  man." 

The  author  received  for  it  the  small  sum  of  £S4. 
"A  master-piece,  both  as  to  invention  and  execution.  The  ro- 
mantic and  chivalrous  principle  of  the  love  of  personal  fame  is 
embodied  in  the  finest  possible  manner  in  the  character  of  Falk- 
land; as  in  Caleb  Williams,  (who  is  not  tbe  first,  but  the  second 
character  in  the  piece.)  we  see  the  very  demon  of  curiosity  personi- 
fied. Perhaps  the  art  with  which  these  two  characters  are  con- 
trived to  relieve  and  set  off  each  other  has  never  been  surpassed 
in  any  work  of  fiction,  with  the  exception  of  the  immortal  satire 
of  Cervantes."— i/(r--/t/rs  Spirit  of  the  Age. 

"There  is  not  a  im-nient's  p;iuse  in  the  action  or  sentiment:  the 
breath  is  suspended,  tbe  tiiiulties  are  wound  up  to  the  highest 
pitch  as  we  read.  Page  after  page  is  greedily  devoured.  There  is 
no  laying  down  the  book  till  we  come  to  the  end,  and  even  then 
the  words  .still  ring  in  our  ears,  nor  do  the  mental  apparitions  ever 
pass  away  from  the  eye  of  memory." — Edin.  Rev. 

"Caleb  Williams,  the  earliest,  is  also  the  most  popular,  of  our 
author's  romances,  not  because  his  latter  works  have  been  less 
rich  iu  sentiment  aud  passion,  but  because  they  are,  for  the  most 
part,  contined  to  the  development  of  single  characters;  while  in 
this  there  is  the  nppn.sition  and  death-grapple  of  two  beings,  each 
endowed  with  poignant  sensibilities  and  quenchless  energy.  There 
is  no  work  of  tictiun  which  more  rivets  tbe  attention — no  tragedy 
which  exhibits  a  struggle  more  sublime  or  sufferings  more  in- 
tense than  this ;  yet  to  produce  tbe  elTect,  no  complicated  machinery 
is  employed,  but  the  springs  of  action  are  tew  and  simple.  The 
motives  are  at  once  common  and  elevated,  and  are  purely  intel- 
lectual, without  appearing  for  an  instant  inadequate  to  their 
mighty  issues," — Sir  T.  N.  Talfoubd:  New  Month.  Mag.,  aiid  in 
his  Grit,  and  Mi&cdl.  M'l  itinga. 

Mr.  Gilfillan  also  commends  Caleb  Williams  in  the 
most  eulogistic  terms,  and  is  taken  to  task  for  his  enthu- 
siasm by  Mr.  De  Quincey,  who  remarks  : 

"It  happens,  however,  that  other  men  of  talent  have  raised 
Caleb  Williams  to  a  station  in  the  first  rank  of  novels:  whilst 
many  more,  amongst  whom  I  am  compelled  to  class  myself,  can 
see  in  it  no  merit  of  any  kind." 

Read  this  article,  which  is  suflBciently  amusing,  in  De 
Quincey's  Essays  on  the  Poets  and  other  English  Writers. 
"  Few  there  are  who  do  not  enter  into  and  understand  the  work- 
ings of  the  mind  of  Caleb  "Williams,  where  the  demon  uf  curiosity, 
finding  a  youth  of  an  active  and  speculative  disposition,  without 
guiJe  to  advise,  or  business  to  occupy  him,  engages  his  thoughti; 
and  bis  time  ujion  the  task  of  prying  into  a  mystery  which  noway 
concerned  him.  and  which  from  the  beginning  he  had  a  well- 
founded  conviction  might  prove  fatal  to  him  should  he  ever  pene- 
trate it.  The  chivalrous  frenzy  of  Falkland,  in  the  same  piece, 
though  perhaps  awkwardly  united  with  the  character  of  an  assas- 
sin, that  love  of  fame  to  which  he  sacrifices  honour  and  virtue,  is 
another  instance  of  a  humour,  or  turn  of  mind,  which,  like  stained 
glass,  colours  with  its  own  peculiar  tinge  every  object  beheld  by 
the  party." — Sir  W.vlter  Scott:  Blackwood's  Mifi.,  x\.  b^. 

"Caleb  Williams  is  the  cream  of  his  mind,  the  rest  are  the 
skimmed  milk :  yet  in  that  wondrous  novel  all  must  be  ofi'ended 
with  the  unnatural  and  improbable  character  of  Falkland;  the 
most  accomplished,  the  most  heroiial  and  lofty-minded  of  men 
murders  one  who  liad  affronted  him.  allows  others  to  hang  for  the 
deed,  and  persecutes  to  the  brink  of  ruin  a  man  whose  sole  sin 
was  a  desire  to  penetrate  through  the  mysteiy  in  which  this  pro- 
digy of  vice  and  virtue  had  wrapped  himself.  Williams  suffers 
merely  because  it  was  necessary  for  the  story  that  he  should;  a 
single  word  would  have  set  all  right  and  saved  him  from  much 
unnatural  terror.  In  short,  the  fault  is,  that  the  actions  which 
the  dramiitis  prrsonxr  perform  are  not  in  l^eeping  with  their  cha- 
racters."— Allan  Cunningham  :  Biog,  and  Crit.  Hist,  of  the  Lit.  of 
tlte.  last  Fifty  Years.    See  ^'o.  18. 


GOD 

"Caleb  'Williams  is  prohiiblv  the  finest  novel  produix'd  by  a  ' 
man,— at  least  since  the  Vicar'of  Wakefield.  Tha  seutimeuts,  if 
not  the  opinions,  fiom  whirh  it  arose,  were  transient.  Local 
usages  and  institutiuns  were  the  subjects  of  its  satire,  exaggerated 
beyond  the  u.su;il  privile^'e  of  that  sjiL-cies  of  writing.  Yet  it  has 
beon  translated  into  mnst  I;ingua,L:es.  and  it  has  appeared  in  va- 
rious forms  ou  the  theati.s  not  uiily  of  England,  but  of  France 
and  Germany.  There  is  scarcely  a  Continental  circulating;  Hlirary 
in  which  it  is  not  one  of  the  books  which  most  quickly  rciiiire  to 
be  replaced.  .  .  .  There  is  scarcely  a  fiction  in  any  lani;u;i^f  wbiih 
it  is  so  difficult  to  lay  down.  .  .  .  The  passaj;es  which  betiay  the 
metaphysician  more  than  the  novelist  oui^ht  to  be  weeded  out 
with  more  than  ordinary  care."— Sm  James  Mackintosh:  Ikdn. 
JUcv.,  XXV.  4.S5-486.  and  in  his  Mv^cell.  Wi-itiiigs. 

4.  Cur&ory  Strictures  ou  the  Charge  delivered  by  Lord 
Chief-Justice  Eyre  to  tbe  Grand  Jury,  Oct.  2,  1794.  Svo. 
This  refers  tu  the  trial  of  Holcroft,  Theiwall,  and  other 
woiild-lie  political  reformers,  who  were  tried  for  high  trea- 
son. Godwin's  pamphlet  is  thought  to  have  secured  their 
acquittal.  See  No.  11.  5.  The  Enquirer:  Reflections  on 
Education,  Manners  and  Literature,  in  a  series  of  Essays, 

1797,  Svo;  1823,  12ino.  6.  Memoirs  of  Mary  AVollstone- 
craft   Godwin.    1798,   Svo.     7.  Her    Posthumous    Works, 

1798,  4  vols.  12mo.  See  our  article  on  this  person,  and 
see  No.  11  in  this  biography.  8.  St.  Leon  ;  a  Tale  of  the 
16th  century,  1799,4  vols.  i2mo:  1S32,  12mo;  1849, 12mo. 
This  title  was  much  ridiculed,  and  a  humorous  counter- 
part to  St,  Leon  was  pub.  uuder  the  name  of  St.  Godwin  : 
a  Tale  of  the  16th,  17th,  and  18th  century,  by  Count  Regi- 
nald de  St.  Leon,  180U,  12mo.  But  Mr.  Godwin  had  the 
laugh  on  his  side,  for  he  received  400  guineas  for  bis  copy- 
right. 

"In  St.  Leon  Mr.  Godwin  h.is  sou?;ht  the  stores  of  the  super- 
natural ; — but  the  '  metaphysical  aid'  which  he  has  condescended 
to  accept,  is  not  adapted  to  carry  him  farther  from  nature,  but  to 
ensure  a  more  intimate  and  wide  commuuion  with  its  mysteries. 
His  hero  does  not  acquire  the  philosophei's  stone  and  the  elixir 
of  immortality  to  furnish  out  for  himself  a  dainty  solitude,  where 
lie  may  dwell,  soothed  with  the  music  of  his  own  undyint; 
thoughts,  and  rejoicing  in  his  severance  from  his  frail  and  transi- 
tory fellows." — Sir  T.  N.  Talfocrd  :  Ativ  Munth.  Mwj.,  and  in  his 
Cnt.  and  MisctU.  Wrilivgs. 

"After  Caleb  M'illiams.  it  would  be  injustice  to  Mr.  Godwin  to 
mention  St.  Leon,  where  the  marvellous  is  employed  too  fre- 
quently to  excite  wonder,  and  the  terrible  is  introduced  till  we 
have  become  familiar  with  terror.  The  description  of  Bethlem 
Gabor,  however,  recalled  to  our  mind  the  author  of  Caleb  Wil- 
liams; nor.  upon  the  whole,  was  the  romance  such  as  could  have 
been  written  bv  quite  an  ordiuarv  pen." — t/lin.  Bev-,  vi.  182.  See 
No.  18. 

9.  Antonio,  or  The  Soldier's  Return;  a  Tragedy,  Lon.. 
1801,  Svo. 
"A  miracle  of  dulness." — Sir  T.  N.  Talfourd. 
And  so  tbe  audience  thought;  for,  after  being  bored  be- 
yond endurance,  human  nature  gave  way,  and  they  hooted 
the  actors  from  the  stage,  in  the  presence  of  the  unhappy 
author.  Talfourd  gives  an  amusing  account  of  the  equa- 
nimity displayed  by  Godwin  on  this  trying  occasion. 
10.  Thoughts  on  Dr.  Parr's  Spital  Serin.,  1802,  Svo. 

"A  chner  though  disordered  composition.'' — Lon.  Gent.  Mag., 
June,  is:;ti. 

11.  The  Life  of  Geoffrey  Chaucer,  Ac.,  1S03,  2  vols,  4to  ; 
2d  ed.,  1S04,  4  vols.  Svo.     We  have  already  referred  to  this 
work,  both  in  the  present  article  and  in  our  life  of  Chaucer,  I 
but  cannot  let  it  pass  without  adding  a  few  lines.  | 

*'In  his  Life  of  Mary  Wollstonecraft  he  has  written  little  and 
said  much;  and  in  his  account  of  Chaucer,  he  has  wiitten  much 
and  said  little.  ...  It  has  been  said  that  a  spoonful  of  truth  will 
colour  an  ocean  of  fiction;  and  so  it  is  seen  in  Godwin's  Life  of 
Chaucer:  he  heaps  conjecture  upon  conjecture — dre.imupon  dream 
— theory  upou  theory;  scatters  learninj^;  all  around,  and  shows 
everywhere  a  deep  sense  of  the  merits  of  the  poet;  yet  all  that  he 
has  related  niitrht  have  been  told  in  a  twentieth  part  of  the  space 
which  he  has  taken."— Allan  Cunni-nouam:  Biog.  and  Crit.  Hist. 
of  the  Lit.  of  the  Last  Fifty  Years. 

^'Theperus;il  of  this  title  excited  no  small  surprise  in  our  critical 
fraternil-y.  The  authenticated  passages  of  Chaucer's  life  may  be 
comprised  in  half  a  dozen  pages;  and  behold  two  voluminous  quar- 
tos! .  .  .  We  have  said  that  Mr.  Godwin  had  two  modes  of  wire- 
drawing and  prolonfiing  his  narrative.  The  first  is,  as  we  have 
seen,  by  hooking  in  the  description  and  history  of  every  thing 
that  existed  upon  earth  at  the  .sjime  time  with  Chaucer.  In  this 
kind  of  ctjmpnsition.  we  usually  lose  si^iht  entirely  of  the  proposed 
subject  of  ;Mr.  Godwin's  lucubnitions.  travelling  to  Kome  or  Pales- 
tine with  as  little  remorse  as  if  poor  Chaucer  had  never  been  men- 
tioned in  the  title-page.  The  second  mode  is  considerably  more 
ingenious,  and  consists  in  making  eld  Geoffrey  accompany  the 
author  upon  these  striking  excursions.  For  example,  Mr.  Godwin 
has  a  fancy  to  describe  a  judicial  trial.  Nothing  can  be  more  easily 
introduced:  for  Chaucer  certainly  studied  at  the  Temple,  and  is 
supposed  to  have  been  bred  to  the  bar." — Sir  Walter  Scott:  Edin. 
liev.,  iii.  437—152. 

Read  the  whole  of  this  amusing  review,  which  is  redo- 
lent of  that  exquisite  humour  in  which  the  great  magician 
was  certainly  never  surjiassed. 

*'  Ills  Life  of  Chaucer  would  have  civen  celebrity  to  any  man  of 
lotfeis  possessed  of  three  thousand  a  year,  with  lei«i!re  to  write 
quartos:  a-s  the  legal  acutcucss  in  his  lieiuut:!cs  on  Jtulge  Kyte's 


GOD 

Charge  tn  the  Jury  would  have  raised  any  briefless  barrister  to  the 
height  of  his  profession." — Huzlttt's  Spirit  of  the  Age. 

The  Life  of  Chaucer  should  by  no  means  be  neglected 
on  account  of  its  bulk,  which  jterhaps  the  enthusiastic 
student  of  early  English  history  would  not  have  curtailed 
by  a  single  page.  This  kind  of  clc^ultory  gossip  is  no 
ignoble  treat  for  a  long  wiuter'.s  evening. 

12.  Fleetwood,  or  the  Kew  Man  of  Feeling;  a  Novel, 
1805,  3  vols.  12mo;   1849.  12mo. 

'•  There  is.  perhaps,  little  f;eneral  sympathy  with  the  over-strained 
delicacies  of  Fleetwood,  who.  like  Falkland  in  the  School  for  Scan- 
dal, is  too  extravagant  in  his  peculiarities  to  deserve  the  reader's 
pity."_Sm  Walter  Scott:  Blaclivood's  M"g-.  xx.  53. 

"  In  short,  the  New  Man  of  Feelinj,',  in  his  calm  moments  a  de- 
termined egotist,  is.  in  his  state  of  irritation,  a  fiantic  madman, 
who  plays  on  a  barrel-or^'an  at  a  puppet-show,  till  he  and  the 
wooden  druviatis  pcrsmce  are  all  possessed  by  the  foul  fiend  Flib- 
bertigibbet, who  presides  over  mopping  and  mou>i7tg."—JCUin.  Bev., 
\i.  lS-2-193. 

"  Fleetwood  has  less  of  our  author's  characteristic  energy  than 
any  other  of  his  works.''— Sir  T.  N.  Talfourd:  Neio  Month.  Mag., 
ati'd  Crit.  and  Mii.<xll.  Writings. 

i;3.  Faulkner;  a  Tragedy,  1807,  '08,  Svo.  This  met  with 
the  same  fate  as  Antonio  had  experienced;  see  No.  9. 
14.  An  Essay  on  Sepulchres;  or,  a  Proposal  for  erecting 
some  Memorials  of  the  Illustrious  Dead  in  all  ages,  on  the 
spot  where  their  remains  have  been  interred,  1809,  cr.  Svo. 

"Of  all  Mr. Godwin's  writings  the  choicest  in  point  of  style  is  a 
little  essay  on  Sepulchres.  Ilere  his  philosophic  thou;^ht,  sub- 
dued and  sweetened  by  the  contemplation  of  mortality,  is  breathed 
forth  in  the  gentlest  tone."— Siu  T.  N.  Talfourd:  Jfew  Month. 
Mag  ,  and  in  his  Crit.  and  Misctil.  Writings. 

15.  The  Life  of  the  Earl  of  Chatham.  See  an  amusing 
anecdote  connected  with  this  volume  in  Hazlitt's  Spirit  of 
the  Age,  article  Willi.ui  Godwin.  16.  The  Lives  of  Ed- 
ward and  John  Phillip;^,  nephews  and  pupils  of  John 
Milton,  Ac,  1S15,  4to. 

'■This  work  is  written  in  a  pleasing  style,  and  is  a  valuable  ac- 
cession to  literary  history."' — Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  JioWy  183ti. 

"It  cannot  be  denied  that  great  acuteuess  is  shown  in  assem- 
bling and  weighing  all  the  very  minute  circumstances  from  which 
their  history  must  often  be  rather  conjectured  than  inferred.  It 
may  appe^ir  singular  that  we,  in  this  speculative  part  of  the  island, 
should  consider  the  digressions  from  biography,  and  the  passages 
of  general  Rpeculatiou,~lis  the  part  of  the  w(;rk  which  might,  with 
the  greatest  advantage,  be  retreuched.  But  they  are  certainly 
episodes  too  large  for  the  action,  and  have  sometimes  the  air  of 
openings  of  chapters  in  an  intended  history  of  England.  These 
two  faults,  of  digressions  too  expanded,  and  details  too  minute, 
are  the  principal  defects  of  the  volume;  which  must  be  considered 
hereafter  as  a  necessary  part  of  all  collections  respecting  the  biogra- 
phy of  Milton."— Sir  James  M.\CELiNTOsa:  £din.Iicv.,  xxv.  485-501, 
and  in  his  Miscdl.  Works. 

17.  Letters  of  Vera.\  to  the  Morning  Chronicle,  on  the 
assumed  grounds  of  the  present  War,  1S15.  18.  Mande- 
ville:  a  Tale  of  the  17tb  century,  Edin.,  1817,  3  vols.  12mo. 
This  work  was  written  in  accordance  with  a  contract  made 
with  Constable,  the  bookseller,  in  181(3,  when  Godwin  paid 
a  visit  to  Edinburgh. 

'■  Maudeville  has  all  the  power  of  its  author's  earliest  writings, 
but  its  main  subject — the  de^  elopment  of  an  engrossing  and  mad- 
dening hatred — is  not  one  which  can  excite  human  sympathy. 
There  is,  however,  a  bright  relief  to  the  gloom  of  the  picture,  iu 
the  angelic  disposition  of  Clifford,  and  the  sparkling  loveliness  of 
Henrietta,  who  appears  'full  of  life,  and  splendour,  and  joy." — 
Sir  T.  N.  Talfourd:  New  Month. Mag.,  and  Crit.  and  Miscell.  Wriir 
ings. 

■■  Ilis  St.  Leon  and  his  JIandeville  are  ten  degrees  darker  than 
his  Falkland :  iu  the  latter,  there  are  many  ties  to  connect  us  with 
truth  and  nature,  and  we  go  on — as  the  sailors  keep  by  a  sinking 
vessel— in  the  hope  that  all  must  be  righted  soon.  Maudeville  is 
one  of  those  unhappy  persons  whose  minds  are  never  so  free  from 
the  storms  of  passion  as  to  be  fully  rational,  and  yet  cannot,  save 
in  fits  of  fury,  be  considered  wholly  mad." — Allan  Cunninguam  : 
Bif>g.  and  Crit.  Hist,  of  the  Lit.  of  the  Last  Fifty  Years. 

'■  This  is.  in  our  opinion,  a  very  dull  novel  and  a  very  clever 
book. . .  .  We  are  therefore  obliged  to  pronounce  this  work  intoler- 
ably tedious  and  disgusting,  though  its  author  has  proved  himself 
intimately  skilled  in  the  perversity  of  the  human  mind,  and  in  all 
the  blackest  and  most  horrible  passions  of  the  human  breast." — 
Ijon.  Qiiar.  Eev.,  xviii.  176-177. 

"The  language  of  Maudeville  is  throughout  nervous  and  manly. 
It  has  indeed  many  affectations;  but  these,  as  has  always  been  the 
case  in  the  writings  of  Godwin,  vanish  whenever  he  grapples  with 
vioknt  emotions.  He  is  at  home  in  the  very  whirlwind  of  terrors, 
and  seems  to  breathe  with  the  greatest  freedom  in  the  most  tem- 
pest uuus  atmosphere." — Blackwood's  Mag.,  ii.  26S-279. 

"  Like  his  other  novels,  it  contains  an  important  lesson,  forcibly 
inculcated — it  shows  theforlornnessandmisery  of  a  jealous,  sullen, 
aspiring  mind,  that  makes  great  claims  on  the  world,  without  pro- 
per efforts  to  justify  or  enforce  them."^W.  Phillips:  N.  Avier. 
Rev.,  vii.  <r2-105. 

"The  announcement  of  a  new  work  of  fiction  by  the  author  of 
Caleb  Williams  was  enough  to  send  the  reading  world  distraught ; 
but  Maudeville  did  not  answer  its  expectations,  and  is  much  in- 
ferior to  his  former  efforts." — Lrm.  Gent.  Mag..  June,  1836. 

19.  On  Population;  being  an  Enquiry  concerning  the 
Power  of  Increase  in  the  Numbers  of  Mankind,  Lon., 
1820,  Svo.  This  was  in  answer  to  the  celebrated  theory 
of  population   propounded   by  Malthas.     See   this  work 

£89 


GOD 


GOL 


noticed,  and  dissertations  on  the  respective  theories  of 
Godwin  and  Malthus,  in  the  Lon.  Quar.  Rev.,  xxvi.  148; 
Edin,  Rev.,  xxxv.  362.  See  also  notices  of  Godwin's  work 
in  the  Edin.  Month.  Rev.,  v.  535 ;  Lon.  M<inth.  Rev.,  xciv. 
113.  20.  History  of  the  Commouwealth  of  England  from 
the  Commencement  to  the  Restoration  of  Charles  II.,  1S2-4, 
'25,  '26,  '27,  '28,  4  vols.  8vo. 

"  During  the  progress  of  this  history  the  author  has  derived  an 
invaluable  accession  of  authorities  fi-om  the  records  of  the  proceed- 
ings of  the  Long  Parliament,  which,  owing  to  the  re  searches  of  Mr. 
Lemon,  have  been  recently  discovered  in  the  State  Paper  Office. 
These  documents,  and  the  coUtction  of  Commonwealth  Tmcts 
Ziveu  by  George  III.  to  the  British  JIuseum,  have  enabled  Mr. 
^lodwin  to  throw  much  new  light  upon  the  general  history  of  the 
time,  and  especially  to  clear  up  certain  mysterious  and  controverted 
points  connected  with  the  early  transactions  of  the  regicides." — 
Official  advertisement  at  the  tivie  of  publication. 

*'  We  cannot  take  leave  of  Mr.  Godwin  without  expressing  our 
gratitude  to  him  for  the  new  and  correct  lights  he  has  thrown 
upon  a  page  of  history  hitherto  too  much  blotted  by  malice,  and 
blurred  and  garbled  by  hostility.  We  rise  from  such  a  work  with 
thoughts  and  feeliuf^'s  instructed  and  refined — instructed  by  its 
correct  views  and  laborious  research,  and  retined  by  the  proofs  it 
exhibits  of  the  suavity  and  temperance,  as  well  as  uubeuding  jus- 
tice and  principle,  of  the  writer." — Lon.  Critical  Gazettf.. 

So  much  for  one  side  of  the  picture:  now  for  the  other: 

"The  pains  and  extensive  reseaich  evidently  bestowed  in  the 
construction  of  these  volumes,  might  have  placed  Godwin's  name 
high  as  an  historian  of  his  country,  had  they  not  been  tinged  with 
a  partial  and  democratic  colouring,  which  must  ever  detract  from 
the  character  and  value  of  his  work." — Lon.  Gait.  Mag.,  June,  1S36. 

We  are  almost  inclined  to  suspect  some  difference  of 
polities  between  the  two  last  quoted  authorities. 

But,  whatever  may  be  thought  of  Mr.  Godwin's  politics, 
his  research  and  excellence  of  arrangement  have  elicited 
the  following  commendation  from  one  of  the  most  eminent 
of  living  critics: 

"  In  the  original  ordinance  the  members  of  both  houses  were 
excluded  during  the  war;  but  in  the  second,  which  was  carried, 
the  measure  was  not  made  pi-ospective.  This,  which  most  histo- 
rians have  overlooked,  is  well  pointed  out  by  Mr.  Godwin." — Hal- 
lam's  Conatitutifmal  Hist,  of  Eug.,  7th  ed..  1S54,  p.  181,  n. 

"■  Mr.  Godwin's  History  of  the  Commouwealth,  a  work  in  which 
great  attention  has  been  paid  to  the  order  of  time." — Ibid.,  p.  196,  n. 

"  Mr.  Godwin  has  published  a  work  which  must  be  considered  as 
the  defence  of  the  Republican  party.  ...  It  should  by  all  means 
be  read;  it  is  always  interestinp, and  sometimes  contains  anecdotes 
and  passages  that  are  curious  and  striking; — Godwin  is  always  a 
powerful  writer; — and,  above  all,  it  is  the  statement  of  the  case  of 
the  Kepublicans.  But.  on  the  whole,  in  these  volumes  of  Godwin 
there  is  no  sufficient  instruction  given  of  the  religious  hypocrisy 
aud  cant  of  the  Presbyterians  first,  or  of  the  Independents  and 
Cromwell  afterwards.  The  history  is  an  eflort  in  favour  of  the 
Republicans  of  those  times,  founded  on  the  paramount  merit  of  a 
republic  at  all  times.  It  is  also  very  nearly  a  panegyric  of  Crom- 
well— certainly  so  as  far  as  regard  for  the  Kepublicans  admitted." 
— Prof.  Smyth's  Lectures  on  M<kI.  Hist. 

"It  is  a  political  counterpart  of  that  of  Lord  Clarendon;  for  the 
writer  was  of  the  radical  school  of  politics,  and  of  the  atheistic 
school  of  philosophy." — Chancellor  Kent. 

"This  work  is  a  solid  proof  of  great  endowments  and  abilities, 
and  throws  new  light  upon  a  most  interesting  period  of  our  na- 
tional annals." — Lon.  Lit.  Gazette. 

21.  Cloudesley;  a  Novel,  1830,  3  vols.  p.  8vo. 

"  Cloudesley  is  better  written  than  Caleb  Williams.  The  expres- 
sion is  everywhere  terse,  vigorous,  and  elegant^a  polished  min-or 
without  a  wrinkle." — Edin.  Jiev. 

"A  dull  though  clever  novel." — Lon.  Gent.  Mag..  1S36. 

"The  new  novel  of  Cloudesley,  by  this  celebrated  writer,  is  ad- 
mitted to  be  worthy  of  his  genius." — Lon.  Clu-rmicle. 

"  A  work  of  genius,  which  will  be  read  by  all  who  possess  genius, 
or  respect  it  in  others."' — Scotsman. 

22.  Thoughts  on  Man;  his  Nature,  Productions,  and 
Discoveries.  Interspersed  with  some  Particulars  respect- 
ing the  Author,  1831,  8vo. 

"The  results  of  the  thirty  years'  meditations  of  the  Author  of 
the  Inquiry  into  Political  Justice  are  well  entitled  to  consideration. 
Sound  reason  and  humane  principles  form  the  essence  of  this  ex- 
cellent volume:  which,  being  the  production  of  a  thinking  man, 
will  be  a  fountain  for  thoughts  in  all  his  readers." — Lon.  Lit.  Gaz. 

"  .\  series  of  essays  in  the  style  and  manner  of  his  earlier  works 
^full  as  irreverent  and  almost  equally  as  noxiuus;  like  the  ser- 
pent, venomous,  but  enticiug."^ion.  Gent.  Mag.,  JnnCy  1836. 

23.  Lives  of  the  Necromancers,  1834,  Svo. 

"With  every  disposition  to  speak  favourably  of  this  production, 
■we  must  acknowledge  that  an  authentic  histoiy  of  Necromancy, 
and  a  faithful  biography  of  its  votaries,  still  remain  a  desideratum 
in  our  literature.  A  writer  of  patient  research,  and  possessed  of  a 
competent  knowledge  of  physics  and  chemistry,  is  alone  capable 
of  doing  justice  to  the  subject. ...  On  the  first  "perusal  of  Mr.  God- 
win's volume,  we  were  disposed  to  quarrel  with  him  on  accoimt 
of  its  irreligious  character.  It  is  enough,  hov^ever,  to  have  guarded 
our  young  readers  against  the  snare  which  is  laid  for  them.  Reli- 
gion is  founded  on  too  secure  a  basis  to  be  thus  shaken;  and  we 
might  as  well  assail  the  truths  of  modern  science  bv  charging 
some  of  its  votaries  with  the  follies  of  Animal  Magnetism,  as 
attempt  to  discredit  Christianity  becau>-e  some  of  its  pi-ofessors 
believed  in  sorcery  and  practised  magic." — Edin.  Rev..  Ix.  37-54. 

The  Lives  of  the  Necromancers  was  Mr.  Godwin's  last 
production.  In  nddition  to  the  twenty-three  works  which 
have  corae  under  our  notice,  he  also  wrote  a  number  of 


minor  educational  and  other  juvenile  works,  when  a  book- 
o'eilor, — about  1804,  and  the  few  following  years, — under 
the  assumed  name  of  Edward  Baldwin.  Mr.  Godwin  was, 
indeed,  a  voluminous  author,  and  it  is  a  sad  reflection,  that 
of  one  so  capable  of  benefiting  the  world  by  his  talents, 
the  condemnatory  verdict  should  be  recorded  that, 

"  In  weighing  well  his  merits  with  his  moral  imperfections,  it  is 
melancholy  to  discover  how  far  the  latter  preponderated,  aud  we 
are  led  to  the  very  painful  though  certain  conclusion,  that  it  might 
have  been  better  for  mankind  had  he  never  existed.  . . .  Eccentric 
notions  are  alluring,  and  the  wildest  theories  are  too  often  mis- 
taken for  the  grandest  and  the  deepest.  The  opinions  maintained 
by  Mr.  Godwin,  on  the  existing  state  of  society  aud  actions  of 
mankind,  are  sour  and  uuhealthy.  Pride  was  the  basis  and  the 
root  of  his  philosophy. ...  As  a  novelist  Mr.  Godwin  is  to  all  in- 
tents original;  he  has  taken  no  model,  but  has  been  himself  a 
model  to  the  million.  lie  heads  that  voluminous  class  of  writers 
whose  chief,  nay  whose  only,  aim  is  to  excite  the  painful  sensibili- 
ties by  displaying,  in  a  rigid  depth  of  colouring,  the  darkest  and 
the  blackest  passions  which  corrupt  mankind.  But  his  novels 
have  not  the  moral  effect  of  Hogarth's  pictures,  which  reform  vice 
by  holding  it  to  view;  they  rather  contaminate  the  young  and 
eager,  by  familiarising  them  with  scenes  and  characters  which  it 
would  be  better  that  they  never  knew  even  in  works  of  fiction, 
however  artfully  glossed  over." — L<>n.  Geld.  Mag.,  June.  1836. 

GodAVin,  William,  Jr.,  d.  of  cholera  in  1832,  only 
child  of  the  preceding  by  his  second  wife,  was  a  parlia- 
mentary reporter,  and  contributed  a  number  of  papers  to 
the  periodicals  of  the  day.  He  left  in  MS.  a  novel  pub. 
by  his  father  in  3  vols.  p.  Svo,  entitled  Transfusion. 

"  It  partakes  of  the  family  wildness  and  irregularity  of  genius.'' 
— Lon.  Gt:nt.  Mag..  June,  1836. 

Goerilig,  Jacob,  Lutheran  minister  at  York,  Pa. 
Besiegter  Wiedertaufer,  178.'i,  Svo.  Answer  to  a  Method- 
ist's Remonstrance,  York.  Der  Verkappte  Priester  Aaron, 
(iiber  die  Siebentager:)  pub.  about  1790. 

Gotf,  Goflfe,  or  Goiigh,  Thomas,  1592?-1629,  a 
native  of  Essex,  educated  at  Westminster  and  Christ 
Church,  Oxf.,  preferred  to  the  living  of  East  Clandon, 
Surrey,  1629.  1,2.  Latin  Orations.  1622,  *27.  Serm.,  1627, 
4to.  3.  Raging  Turk;  a  Trag.,  1656,  Svo.  4.  Courageous 
Turk,  1656,  Svo.  5.  Tragedie  of  Orestes,  1656,  Svo. 
6.  Careless  Shepherdess ;  a  Tragi-Com.,  with  an  alphabetical 
cat.  of  all  such  Plays  that  were  ever  printed,  1656,  4to. 
This  cat.  is  incorrect.  7.  Cupid's  Whirligig;  a  Com. 
Ascribed  to  him,  without  much  probability  of  truth,  by 
Phillips  and  Winstanley.  It  has  been  supposed  that  he 
trans.  The  Bastard,  a  Tragedy;  and  Wood  and  Langbaine 
both  give  him  Selimus,  which  was  printed  when  Goff  was 
but  two  years  old. 

"Goff's  tragedies  are  full  of  ridiculous  bombast;  his  comedies  are 
not  without  merit.'"— GiFFOFP. 

His  melancholy  fate  is  a  warning  to  all  bachelors: 

"  Taking  to  wife  a  meer  Xantippe,  the  widow  of  his  predecessor, 
notwithstanding  he  had  always  before  professed  himself  an  enemy 
to  the  female  sex,  and  was  esteemed  by  many  another  Joseph 
Swetuam.  he  was  so  much  overtop'd  by  her  and  her  children 
which  she  had  by  her  former  husband,  that,  his  life  being  much 
shortened  thereby,  he  died  at  length  in  a  manner  heart-broken." 
— Atfien.  Oxon. 

Joseph  Swetnam,  who  was  distinguished  by  the  not  very 
amiable  title  of  the  Woman-hater,  will  claim  a  place  in 
another  part  of  our  volume. 

Golborue,  John*     See  Brindley,  James. 

Golburiie,  Johu.  1.  Trans,  of  Voyon's  Cat.  of 
Doctors  of  God's  Church,  Lon..  1598,  16mo.*  2.  Trans,  of 
Two  Theolog.  Treatises  by  Valera,  1600,  4to.  3.  Trans, 
of  an  Act  ofDispute,  «fec.,*1602,  fol. 

Gold,  F,  1.  Trans,  of  Remand's  Travels  in  the 
Pyrenees.  Lon.,  1813,  Svo.  2.  Trans,  of  Biehat's  Re- 
cherches  Physiologiques,  1815,  Svo. 

Golden,"  Wm.     Poems,  1791,  1802. 

Goldesborough,  GoUlshorou^rh,  or  Gonlds- 
boron§;h,  John.  Reports  in  all  the  Courts  of  West- 
minster, 1586-1602 ;  with  Notes  by  "W.  S.,  1653,  '75,  '82,  4to. 

"For  thy  further  satisfaction  know,  that  thou  hast  here  not  a 
spurious  deformed  brat,  falsely  fathered  upon  the  name  of  a  dead 
man,  too  usuall  a  trick,  played  by  the  subtile  gamesters  of  this 
serpentine  age ;  but  thou  hast  presented  to  thee,  though  I  cannot 
say  the  issue  of  learned  Gouldsborough's  own  brain,  yet,  I  dare 
say,  the  work  of  his  own  hand :  and  that  which,  were  be  living, 
he  would  not  blush  to  own." — Preface. 

"Godbolt,  (^oldsborough  and  March;  mean  reporters;  but  not 
to  be  rejected." — Nartli's  Stu.  Law.  24. 

Brownlow's  Reports  contains  a  number  of  Cases  reported 
by  J.  Goldesborough,  but  the  entire  collection  of  cases  will 
be  found  in  the  above  work.     See  Brownlow,  Richard. 

Goldicnlt,  John.  1.  Antiq.  of  Sicily,  from  Draw- 
ings by  J.  C,  1819,  fol.  2.  Decorations  from  Pompeii, 
1826,  imp.  Svo  and  4to. 

Goldie,  George,  I748-1S04,  a  minister  of  the  Ch.  of 
Scotland,  had  charge  of  the  Church  of  Athelstancford  for 
twenty-six  yenrs.     Serms. ;  with  Life,  Edin.,  1S05.  Svo. 

Goldie,  John.    1.  Gospel  Recovered,  1779-84,  6  vols. 


GOIi 


GOL 


Pro.  2.  Evidences  of  a  Deity,  1S09.  Upon  the  publica- 
tion of  these  Essays,  Burns,  the  poet,  addressed  an  Epistle 
to  tlie  author. 

Goldiug,  Arthur,  a  poet  and  translator,  of  the  16th 
century,  a  native  of  London,  was  patronized  by  Sir  Philip 
Sidney,  secretary  to  Lord  Cobham  and  other  leading  cha- 
racters of  the  day.  He  completed  a  trans,  of  Mornay's 
Trewnesse  of  the  Christian  Religion,  commenced  by  Sir 
Philip  Sidney  ;  and  made  translations  from  Calvin,  Chy- 
trseus,  Beza,  Marlorat,  Heraingius,  Justin,  Caesar,  Ac.  His 
best-known  trans,  is  that  of  Ovid's  Metamorphoses;  The 
fyrst  fower  bookes.  1565  ;  The  XV.  Bookes,  1575,  '87,  1603, 
'12 ;  all  in  black  letter,  4to. 

"His  style  is  poetical  and  spirited,  and  his  versification  clear; 
his  manner  ornamented  and  diffuse,  yet  with  a  sufficiLmt  obser- 
vance of  the  original.  On  the  whole.  I  think  him  a  better  poet 
than  Phaier.  .  .  .  Ovid's  Metamorphoses,  just  translated  by  Gold- 
iog.  to  instance  no  further,  disclosed  a  new  world  of  fiction,  even 
to  the  illiterate.  ...  I  think  his  only  ci-i^'inal  work  is  an  account 
of  an  Earthi]uake  in  16S0,  [pub.  1580,  8vo.]  Of  his  original  poetry 
I  recollect  nothing  more  th.in  an  encomiastic  copy  of  verses  pre- 
fixed to  IJaret's  Alveare,  published  in  1580.  It  may  be  regretted 
that  he  gave  so  much  time  to  translations." — Warton's  Hist,  of 
Eng.  Poet. 

His  trans,  of  Beza's  drama  of  Abraham's  Sacrifice, 
1577.  ISmo,  has  given  him  a  place  in  the  Biog.  Dramat. 

"  Golding's  Translation  of  Ovid's  Metamorpho.ses  is  a  good  one, 
considering  the  time  when  it  wa.*»  written.  It  is  in  Alexandrine 
verse,  as  well  as  Phaer's  Virgil." — Ali^s.^nder  Pope  :  Spencers  Anec- 
dotes. 

An  ancient  critic  ranks  Richard  Edwards  with  Phaer, 
Haywood,  Nevile,  Googe,  and  our  author.  Guiding: — 
*'  With  him  also,  as  seemeth  me, 
Our  Edwards  may  compare; 
Who  nothying  gyuing  place  to  him 
Doth  syt  in  egall  chayre." 

T.B.^s  Brcommendatory  I^)€m,  prefixed  tw  John  Studley's  English 
version  of  Seneca's  Agamemnon,  printed  in  1566.  See  Warton's 
Eng.  Poet. :  Phillips's  Theat.  Poet.;  liiljl.  Brit. 

Puttenham,  in  his  Arte  of  English  Poesie,  in  his  criti- 
cisms on  contemporary  English  poets,  commends 

"Phaer  and  Onlding  for  a  learned  and  well-connected  verse, 
specially  in  f  laiislation.  clear,  and  very  faithfully  answering  their 
author's  intent." 

"The  trinslitions  of  ancient  poets  by  Phaer.  Golding,  Steny- 
hurst,  and  s./veral  more,  do  not  challenge  our  attention  ;  most  of 
them,  in  fact,  being  very  wretched  performances." — Uallam's  Lit. 
Hist,  of  Europe. 

Golding  thus  feelingly  complains  of  the  innovations 
which  were  changing  the  character  of  the  English  tongue 
in  his  day  : 

'*  (lur  English  tongue  is  driven  almost  out  of  kind, 
Di.'^meuiher'd.  hack'd,  maim'd,  rent,  and  torn, 
Defaced,  p.atch'd,  marr'd,  and  made  in  scorn." 

Golding,  P*  Sleydane's  Epitome  of  Froissard,  Lon., 
1603.  '08,  4to. 

'■  In  no  estimation." — Nicolson. 

It  is,  however,  well  to  have  it  in  a  Shaksperian  collec- 
tion. 

Golding,  Widdows.     Con.  to  Med.  Facts,  1797. 

Goldiugham,  B.  See  next  article,  and  references 
there  cited. 

Goldingham,  Henry.  1.  Queen  Elizabeth's  Pro- 
gress to  Norwich;  a  Masque,  Lon.,  157S,  4to.  2.  Garden 
Plot;  an  Allegorical  Poem,  and  a  reprint  of  his  Masque. 
39  copies  printed  for  the  Roxburghe  Club,  1825,  4to.  See 
this  work;  also  Warton's  Hist,  of  Eng.  Poetry;  Ritson's 
Bibl.  Poet.  ;  Stcevens's  Shaksp. 

Goldisboroiigh,  John.  Almanack,  Lon.,  1C62,  8vo. 

Goldney,  Edward,  Sr.  1.  Friendly  Epist.  to  the 
Jew?,  Kfil,  8vo.     2.  Epistle  to  the  Deists,  1761,  8vo. 

Goldsborough,  Charles  W.  United  States  Naval 
Chronicle,  Washington,  1824,  vol.  i,,  pp.  395. 

'•A  valuable  repository  of  historical  facts  and  ofiRcial  state- 
ments."— iV.  Amer.  liev.^  sxi.  1-19. 

Goidsmid,  Anna  M.  1.  Trans,  from  the  German 
of  Br.  G.  Salomon's  12  serms.  delivered  in  the  New  Tem- 
ple of  the  Israelites  at  Hamburg,  &c.,  Lon.,  1839,  8vo. 

"Many  of  them  will  be  found  available  for  per.=;t»us  of  every 
religious  denomination  and  sect." — Translator's  Frrfnre. 

2.  Trans,  from  the  German  of  Dr.  Ludwig  Philippsohn's 
Development  of  the  Religious  Idea  in  Judaism,  Chris- 
tianity, and  Mohammedanism  :  Considered  in  12  Lects.  on 
the  Hist,  and  Purport  of  Judaism,  Lon.,  1855.  8vo.  pp.  278. 
These  lectures  were  delivered  at  Magdeburg  in  1847.  The 
translator  has  added  explanatory  notes,  which  the  reader 
will  find  very  useful. 

Goldsmith,  or  Gouldsmith,  Francis,  temp. 
Charles  I.  Hugo  Grotius,  his  Sophompaneas,  or  Joseph  ; 
a  Tragedy.  With  Annotations,  Lou.,  S('«e  anno,  acd  1652. 
8vo. 

Goldsmith,  G.  1. Equity.  Lon.,  1838;  4th  cd.,  1849. 
2.  English  Bar,  1843,  fp.  Svo;  2d  ed.,  1849. 


Goldsmith,  Rev.  J.  Geography,  Ac,  180.3-15.  Of 
Goldsmith's  Grammar  of  Geography  there  have  been  new 
eds..  1844-51,  by  Hughes,  Kenny,  and  AVright. 

Goldsmith,  Lewis,  b.  17tifj.  a  Jew,  a  native  of  Eng- 
lanil,  gained  considerable  notoriety  by  pub. — 1.  The  Crimes 
of  Caliincts,  Lon.,  ISDl,  8vo;  and  subsequently  gave  to 
the  world — 2.  The  Conduct  of  France  towards  America, 
1809,  8vo  ;  N.  York,  1810.  8vo.  3.  The  Secret  Hist,  of  the 
Cabinet  of  Bonaparte,  Lon.,  ISll.  8vo;  1814,  2  vols.  Svo. 
4.  Manifestos,  &c.  of  Bonaparte.  Ac,  1811,  8vo;  1813, 
4  vols.  Svo.  5.  Secret  Hist,  of  Bonaparte's  Diplomacy, 
1812,  Svo.  6.  Memorial  of  M.  Carnot,  Ac,  1814.  Svo. 
7-  An  appeal  to  the  Sovereigns  of  Europe  on  the  Necessity 
of  bringing  Napoleon  Bonaparte  to  public  Trial,  1S15. 
At  one  time  he  edited  the  Paris  Argus,  and  interested 
himself  ill  French  politics. 

Goldsmith,  3Iiss  Mary*  1.  Casualties;  a  Novel, 
Lon.,  1784,  2  vols.  12mo. 

"Learn,  ye  mantua-makers  all,  from  this  instructive  lesson,  to 
mind  your  needles  and  earn  a  '  virtuous  bit  of  bread.'  As  a  com- 
position, this  novel  boasts  no  hij^h  merit." — Lon.  MmtJu  Sev.,  xlvii. 
208. 

2.  She  lives;  a  Comedy,  1803.  3.  Angelina;  a  Comic 
Opera.  1804,  N.  P. 

Goldsmith,  Oliver,  November  10,  1728-April  4, 
1774,  one  of  the  most  distinguished  ornaments  of  English 
literature,  was  a  native  of  the  village  of  Pallas,  Pallice,  or 
Pallasmore,  in  Leinster,  Ireland,  county  of  Longford,  IJ 
miles  S.  E.  of  Ballymahon.  The  character  of  his  excellent 
father — the  Rev.  Charles  Goldsmith,  a  clergyman  of  the 
Established  Church,  holding  tlie  living  of  Kilkenny 
West — has  been  so  well  described  by  his  son  in  the  cha- 
racters of  The  Man  in  Black  in  The  Citizen  of  the  World, 
The  Preacher  in  the  De^^erted  Village,  and  Doctor  Prim- 
rose in  the  Vicar  of  Wakefield,  that  no  other  portraiture 
can  be  needed  nor  should  be  tolerated.  The  good  man 
lived  to  see  five  sons  and  two  daughters  surrounding  the 
family  board  before  he  wns  called  to  his  rest,  which  event 
occurred  in  the  year  1740.  His  son  Henry  followed  his 
calling,  and  his  exauiple  and  his  virtues  have  been  com- 
memorated, in  lines  which  the  world  will  never  '*  let  die," 
by  the  same  pen  which  depicted  the  amiable  characteristics 
of  the  "Village  Preacher.'*  He  who  can  peruse  without 
emotion  the  impassioned  burst  of  fervent  gratitude  and 
tender  ^en^^mbrance  with  which  the  houseless  wanderer 
celebrates  his  brother's  kindness  and  his  brother's  peace- 
ful home  has  but  little  claim  to  the  better  feelings  of  our 
nature  : 

''Kemote,  unfriended,  melancholy,  slow, 
Or  by  the  lazy  Scheldt,  or  wandering  Po; 
Or  onward,  where  the  rude  Carinthian  boor 
Airainpt  the  houseless  stranger  shuts  the  door; 
Or  where  Campania's  plain  forsaken  lies, 
A  Weary  waste  expanding  to  the  skies; 
Where'er  I  roam,  whatever  realms  to  see, 
Sly  heart,  untraveird,  fondly  turns  to  thee. 
Still  to  my  brother  turns  with  ceaseless  pain, 
And  drags  at  each  remove  a  length'ning  chain. 
Eternal  blessings  crown  my  earliest  friend. 
And  round  his  dwelling  guardian  saints  attendl 
IJlest  be  that  spot  wheie  cheerful  guests  retire 
To  pause  from  toil,  and  trim  the  ev'ning  fire ; 
Blest  that  abode,  where  want  and  pain  repair. 
And  ev'ry  stranger  finds  a  ready  chair; 
Blest  be  those  feasts,  with  simple  plenty  crown'd, 
AVhere  all  the  ruddy  family  around 
Laugh  at  the  jests  or  pranks  that  never  fail, 
Or  sigh  with  pity  at  some  mournful  tale; 
Or  press  the  bashful  stranger  to  his  food,  ^ 

And  learn  the  luxury  of  doing  good. 
But  me,  not  destin'd  such  delights  to  share, 
My  piimo  nf  life  in  wand'ring  spent  and  care, 
Impell'd  with  steps  unceasing  to  pursue 
Some  fleeting  good,  that  mocks  nie  with  the  view; 
That,  like  the  circle  bounding  earth  and  skies, 
Allures  from  far,  yet.  as  I  follow,  flies; 
INIy  fortune  leads  to  traverse  realms  alone, 
And  find  no  spot  of  all  the  world  my  own." 

The  TraveUer. 
If  we  have  somewhat  anticipated  our  story  by  the 
quotation  of  the  beautiful  lines  just  cited,  wo  shall  be 
readily  forgiven.  Perhaps  there  could  be  no  better  in- 
troduction to  a  biography  of  Oliver  Goldsmith,  The 
warmth  of  his  affections,  the  tenderness  of  his  heart,  his 
roving  propensities  and  vacillation  of  mind,  are  all  here 
presented  to  the  reader  in  the  poet's  happiest  and  most 
graphic  style. 

At  the  age  of  six  years  Oliver  was  placed  under  charge 
of  the  village  schoolmaster,  Thomas  Byrne,  a  retired 
quartermaster  of  an  Irish  regiment,  who  seems  to  have 
expended  many  of  the  hours  which  should  have  been  de- 
voted to  instruction,  in  recitals  of  military  adventures,  in 
which  the  narrator  himself  had  burne  no  obscure  and  uu- 

687 


GOL 

lionoured  share.  We  do  not  find,  however,  that  his  youth- 
ful auditors — the  future  vilhige  Cromwells  of  the  school-^ 
ever  seriously  complained  of  this  want  of  faithfulness 
upon  the  part  of  their  military  preceptor.  With  a  keen- 
ness of  perception  and  politic  wisdom  which  would  not 
have  disgraced  practised  courtiers,  the  subjects  of  this 
despotic  ruler  seem  to  have  carefully  studied  his  character 
and  adapted  their  deportment  to  his  changing  mood  : 

"  AVell  bad  the  bodin;;  tremblers  learned  to  trace 
The  day's  disasters  in  his  mornin;:;  face; 
Full  wfll  they  laughed  with  counterfeited  glee 
At  all  his  jokes,  for  many  a  joke  had  he; 
Full  well  the  bupy  whisper,  circling;  round, 
Convey'd  the  dismal  tidings  when  he  frown'd." 
Little  Oliver  was  interrupted  in  his  studies  under  Mr. 
Byrne  by  an  attack  of  the  small-pox,  the  signnture  of 
wiiieh  he  bore    legibly  inscribed  on  his  face  for  the  rest 
of  his  life.      Upon  his  recovery,  he  was  placed  at  sch(jol, 
first  at  Elphin,  in  Roscommon,  then  at  Athlune,  and  sub- 
t^equently  at  Edgeworthstown.     It  was  whilst  attending 
the  seminary  at  Elphin,  boarding  meanwhile  at  his  uncle's, 
John  Goldsmith,  that  he  displayed  his  juvenile  wit  by  a 
celebrated  epigram,  which  has  been  carefully  preserved  by 
all  the  poet's  biographers.     During  an  evening  party  at 
his  uncle's,  when  the  guests  were  engaged  in  the  mazes  of 
the  dance,  Oliver, — then  only  nine  years  old, — disposed  to 
contribute  his  share  to  the  amusements  of  the  evening, 
undertook  the  execution  of  a  hornpipe,  which  was  pro- 
bably performed  with  more  zeal  than  elegance.     The  mu- 
sician of  the  party,  who  was  more  forcibly  impressed  with 
the  awkward  form  and  pitted  face  of  the  juvenile  Athlete 
than  with  his  Terpsichorean  proficiency,  raised  a  laugh  at 
his  expense  by  calling  him  his  little  ^sop.     But  Oliver 
soon  turned  the  Laugh  upon  his  assailant  by  tlie  retort: 
''  Our  herald  hath  proclaimed  this  saying. 
See  ^sop  dancing,  and  his  monkey  playing." 
A  large  portion  of  the  expenses  of  Oliver's  early  educa- 
tion was  defrayed  by  his  kind-hearted   uncle,  the  Rev- 
Thomas  Contarine,  who  was  at  all  times  one  of  his  most 
devoted  and  generous  friends. 

On  the  11th  of  June,  1745,  Oliver  entered  Trinity  Col- 
lege, Dublin,  as  a  sizar,  under  the  tutorship  of  the  Kev. 
Theaker  Wilder,  from  whose  petty  tyranny  the  youth  suf- 
fered so  acutely  that  at  times  his  life  was  an  almost  in- 
tolerably burden.  In  our  life  of  Edmund  Bur^e  we  have 
noticed  the  fact  that  he  was  a  contemporary  at  college 
with  the  subject  of  the  present  article.  The  poor  sizar 
did  not  display  either  that  genius  or  that  application  which 
gains  collegiate  distinctions,  but  he  was  so  fortunate  on 
one  occasion  as  to  secure  one  of  the  minor  prizes,  the 
value  in  money  of  which  was  about  thirty  shillings. 

"This  turn  of  success  and  sudden  influx  of  wealth  proved  too 
much  for  the  head  of  our  poor  student.  He  forthwith  gavea  sup- 
per and  dance  at  his  chamber  to  a  number  of  young  persons  of 
both  sexes  from  the  city,  in  direct  violation  of  colleiie  rules.  The 
unwonted  sound  of  the  fiddle  reached  the  ears  of  the  implacable 
Wilder.  He  rushed  to  the  scene  of  imhallowed  festivity,  inflicted 
corporal  chastisement  on  the  '  father  of  the  feast,'  and  turned  his 
astonished  guests  neck  and  heels  out  of  doors." — Jrviiig's  Life  of 
Goldsmith. 

Mortified  beyond  measure  at  this  inglorious  termination 
to  the  evening's  festivities,  and  ashamed  to  meet  either  the 
companions  of  his  studies  or  of  his  feasts,  Goldsmith  left 
college  the  next  day  in  a  state  of  high  disgust,  determined 
to  seek  his  fortunes  in  some  land  *'  beyond  the  flood," 
where  he  might  hope  to  prosper  by  the  exercise  of  his  in- 
dustry or  of  his  wits.  He  lingered  in  Dublin  until  all  his 
money  was  spent  save  a  solitary  shilling,  and,  when  that 
wns  gnne,  several  of  his  garments  followed,  until,  at  la.-^t, 
hungry  and  lialf-naked,  be  was  saved  from  starvation, 
when  on  his  way  to  Cork,  by  a  handful  of  gray  peas  given 
him  by  a  country-girl  at  a  wake.  He  never  forgot  his 
humble  benefactor.  Poor  fellow  !  he  had  fasted  for  twenty- 
four  hours  when  this  seasonable  relief  was  accorded  to 
him;  and  long  afterwards,  when  applauded  in  the  world 
of  fashion  and  an  honoured  guest  at  great  men's  feasts, 
he  declared  to  Sir  Joshua  Reynolds  that  of  all  the  ex- 
quisite meats  he  had  ever  tasted  that  handful  of  gray  peas 
was  the  most  delieiou.?. 

By  the  kind  offices  of  his  brother  Henry,  ho  was  again 
placed  at  loUeL^e,  whoie  he  remained  for  nearly  two  j'ears 
longer.  Feb.  27,  17-49,  be  was  made  Bachelor  of  Arts,  and 
turned  his  back  upon  his  Alma  Mater  without  the  loss  of 
many  tears.  It  was  now  incumbent  on  him  to  select  a 
profession,  and  he  was  induced  by  his  kind  but  injudicious 
uncle  Contarine  to  become  an  applicant  for  holy  orders. 
The  twu  years  of  probation  were  passed  in  a  desultory 
manner,  often  in  amusements  not  altogether  of  the  most 
clerical  character;  and  when,  at  the  age  of  twenty-three, 


GOL 

the  candidate  passed  in  review  under  the  scrutinizing  eye 
of  the  Bishop  of  Elphin,  he  was  promptly  rejected : 

■■-I'e  was  intended  for  the  church,  and  went  to  the  IJishop  of 
Elphin  to  be  examined  for  ordere,  but.  appearing  in  a  pair  of 
san-U-t  breaches,  he  was  rejected."— i>r.  A.  Slrmn's  Letter. 

But  other  reasons  are  urged  for  the  prelate's  rejection 
of  the  application.  His  sister  tells  us  that  the  bishop 
thought  him  too  young :  another  version  is  that  his  habits 
were  known  to  be  unsuited  to  the  gravity  of  the  profes- 
sion to  which  he  sought  admittance.  Certain  it  is  that 
the  church  lost  nothing  by  the  bishop's  refusal.  It  is 
possible  to  weaken  an  army  by  increasing  its  numbers; 
and  such  a  clergyman  as  Goldsmith  would  in  all  pro- 
bability have  proved  would  have  done  little  to  advance 
the  cause  which  ho  professed  to  espouse.  The  candidate 
was  not  heart-broken  by  the  bishop's  decision  : 

"  For  the  clerical  profession,"  says  his  sister,  Mrs.  Ilodson,  "  he 
had  no  lijtinc-"' 

Good  old  Uncle  Contarine  was  sadly  disappointed,  but 
relaxed  nothing  in  his  efforts  to  serve  his  wayward  nephew. 
He  soon  procured  him  employment  as  a  tutor  in  the  family 
ofMr.  Flinn;  but  this  situation  was  lost  in  consequence  of  a 
quarrel  between  the  preceptor  and  one  of  the  family  over 
a  game  of  cards.  Oliver  left  Mr.  Flinn's  with  what  seemed 
to  him  an  almost  fabulous  amount  of  money — no  less 
than  thirty  pounds;  but  even  this  amount,  vast  as  it 
was,  was  not  proof  .n  gainst  the  repeated  demands  to  which 
the  owner  subjected  it.  and  in  six  weeks  he  returned  to 
his  mother's  house  at  Ballymahon  without  a  shilling  in 
his  pocket,  and  on  the  back  of  a  steed  of  much  humbler 
appearance  than  the  one  which  shortly  before  carried  in 
triumph  the  happy  owner  of  thirty  pounds  sterling.  Part 
of  this  sum.  indeed,  had  been  expended  in  the  purchase 
of  a  passage  to  America;  but,  as  the  passenger  was  on  an 
excursion  in  the  country  when  the  wind  served  in  the 
harbour  of  Cork,  the  captain  "  never  inquired  after  him, 
but  set  sail  with  as  much  indifference  as  if  he  had  been  on 
board." 

How  much  depended  upon  that  country  excursion ! 
What  would  have  been  the  history  of  the  author  of  the 
Vicar  of  Wakefield  and  the  Deserted  Village  had  he 
landed,  a  friendless  stranger,  on  the  shores  of  America? 
In  all  probability  the  world  would  never  have  seen  these 
immortal  productions;  and  Oliver  Goldsmith,  a  Revolu- 
tionary leader,  might  have  shed  his  blood  at  Bunker  Hill, 
or  a  Western  planter,  in  the  enjoyment  of  a  hale  old  age, 
have  nursed  on  his  knee  his  children  of  the  third  genera- 
tion. 

We  have  often  thought  that  a  most  interesting  narra- 
tive might  bo  compiled  of  the  real  and  supposed  lives  of 
the  afterwards  great  men  who  at  one  time  or  other  in- 
tended settling  in  America.  As  a  colonist,  Cromwell, 
"  guiltless  of  his  country's  blood,"  would  have  passed  his 
days  in  the  useful  pursuits  of  agriculture  or  commerce  ; 
and  Edmund  Burke  would  have  contributed  to  the  legis- 
lative sagacity  and  oratorical  splendour  which  so  proudly 
distinguished  tho  first  American  Congress.  John  Hamp- 
den would  not  have  been  stigmatized  by  the  great  Claren- 
don as  the  modern  Cinna;  and  the  ruthless  ambition  of  a 
Bonaparte  would  have  been  resisted  by  a  spirit  mightier 
than  lais  own.  But  these  are  speculations:  let  us  return 
to  facts.  What  should  be  done  now  for  the  improvident 
youth  who  had  already  so  sadly  disappointed  those  who 
had  striven  beyond  their  means  to  advance  his  fortunes  ? 
To  be  discouraged  in  his  efi"orts  for  poor  Oliver  belonged 
not  to  the  kind-hearted  Contarine.  If  Oliver  would  be 
neither  a  clergyman  nor  a  tutor,  the  law  was  still  open, 
and  here  his  abilities  would  at  once  command  success. 
To  plan  and  to  do  was  the  same  with  the  good  man;  and 
he  soon  had  nearly  the  sum  of  fifty  pound.s, — a  large  sum 
for  his  circumstances, — which  he  placed  in  Oliver's  hands 
and  dismissed  him  with  his  benediction.  With  this  capital 
the  young  man  must  manage  until  he  had  secured  a  foot- 
ing which  should  place  him  in  a  position  to  earn  his  own 
bread.  But,  alas!  the  attractions  of  a  gaming-table  were 
too  strong  for  his  virtue;  he  was  persuaded  to  risk  his 
whole  capital,  with  the  encouragement  that  it  would  be 
doubled  ;  but,  as  might  have  been  anticipated,  his  money, 
with  the  exception  of  a  few  shillings,  passed  into  the  pos- 
session of  his  dangerous  acquaintances,  and  he  was  again 
a  ruined  man. 

Goldsmith's  mental  agony  was  now  indeed  great.  How 
unworthy  had  ho  proved  himself  of  the  kindness  of  his 
friends,  especially  of  that  uncle  and  brother  who  had 
strengthened  him  with  words  of  good  cheer  when  all  others 
had  lost  faith  in  his  resolutions  and  his  promises!  But 
offences  repeated  "  seventy  times  seven"  would  not  have 
exhausted  the  fount  of  tenderness  which  yearned  in  the 


GOL 

heart  of  that  good  uncle  towards  the  repentant  prodigal. 
"Wlien  he  was  yet  a  great  way  o£f."  he  was  ready  tii  run 
ftnth  tn  meet  him,  to  "fall  on  liis  neck,"  and  again  "kill  for 
him  the  I'attcd  calf"  He  took  him  in  his  own  house,  made 
him  exhibit  his  talents  in  the  long  winter  evenings  by  lite- 
rary discussions,  and,  when  his  duties  called  him  away, 
was  delighted  to  see  his  daughter  turn  entertainer  to  the 
poor  outcast,  and  join  the  music  of  her  harpsichord  to  the 
notes  of  his  flute.  Not  satisfied  with  this,  he  again  an.K- 
iously  considered  how  he  could  best  promote  his  advance- 
ment in  the  world;  and  a  hint  which  fell  from  the  great 
man  of  the  family — Dean  Goldsmith,  of  Cloyne,  then  on  a 
visit  to  the  worthy  pastor — was  sufficient  to  cause  him 
again  to  tax  his  narrow  purse  for  further  supplies  for 
Oliver. 

If  neither  the  Church,  the  tutor's  chair,  nor  the  bar, 
were  to  afford  a  field  for  the  exercise  of  his  nephew's  abili- 
ties, he  should  be  a  doctor  of  medicine !  Many  had  at- 
tained a  large  and  profitable  practice  who  had  startoil  as 
late  in  life  as  Oliver;  why  could  not  Oliver  do  the  same? 
At  least,  the  experiment  should  be  tried.  Behold,  then, 
our  adventurer  again  starting,  in  the  autumn  of  1752,  to 
try  his  fortune  in  the  world. 

Arrived  in  Edinburgh,  he  soon  became  famous  in  the 
social  circles  of  that  city  as  a  teller  of  good  stories  and 
singer  of  Irish  songs.  But  his  eighteen  months  of  resi- 
dence here  were  not  thrown  away.  He  was  too  apt  a 
scholar  to  be  unprofited  by  the  excellent  lectures  to  which 
he  listened  and  the  chemical  experiments  in  which  ho  took 
a  part. 

Ho  now  determined  to  visit  the  continent,  that  he  might 
enjoy  opportunities  of  completing  his  medical  studies 
and  gratify  a  taste  for  travelling,  which  was  one  of  his 
strongest  propensities.  Uncle  Contarine's  purse  was  al- 
ways ready,  and  to  it  the  student  again  had  recourse. 
Yet  it  is  to  be  recorded,  to  his  credit,  that  his  economy 
was  stringent,  that  his  applications  might  be  as  few  and 
as  moderate  as  it  was  possible  to  make  them.  His  grati- 
tude, too,  to  his  generous  benefactor  was  deep  and  un- 
feigned : 

"I,et  me  acknowledge,"  he  writes  to  hiai,  when  advising  him 
of  intended  absence,  "  the  humility  of  the  slation  in  whii-h  you 
found  me;  let  me  tell  you  how  I  w.is  despised  by  most  and  hate- 
ful to  myself.  Poverty,  hopeless  poverty,  was  my  lot.  and  Melan- 
choly was  beginning  to  make  me  her  own.  When  you  ..." 
"  Thou  best  of  men,"  he  exclaims  in  another  letter,  written  from 
Leyden,  "may  Heaven  guard  and  preserve  you  and  those  vou 
love!" 

With  this  benediction,  so  richly  deserved,  wo  may  take 
our  leave  of  good  Uncle  Contarine,  who  breathed  his  last 
before  his  nephew,  whom  he  had  so  dearlv  loved  and  for 
whom  he  h.ad  done  so  much,  had  attained  that  celebrity 
and  prosperous  fortune  which  no  one  would  have  rejoiced 
in  more  than  himself.  May  the  memor.y  of  that  good  man 
ever  bo  fresh  in  the  world's  history ! 

Arrived  at  Leyden,  Goldsmith  seems  to  have  devoted 
some  attention  to  the  pursuit  of  knowledge,  gainin",  moan- 
while,  a  precarious  subsistence  by  acting  as  tutor,  and 
sometimes  winning,  but  genenilly  losing,  by  the  gaming- 
table. In  February,  1755,  he  left  Leyden  for  the  purpose 
of  travelling  on  foot  through  Europe.  His  wardrobe,  furni- 
ture, and  finances,  amounted  exactly  to  "a  guinea  in  his 
pocket,  a  shirt  on  his  back,  and  a  flute  in  his  hand." 

The  manner  in  which  he  "disputed  his  way  through 
Europe"  by  accepting  university  challenges,  and  gained 
many  a  night's  lodging  by  the  notes  of  his  flute,  are  too 
well  known,  and  have  been  too  beautifully  described  by 
himself,  to  justify  us  in  dwelliug  upon  them  here; 

'■Whenever  I  approached  a  pe.isaiit's  house  towards  nifhtCdl 
I  played  one  of  my  most  merry  tunes,  and  that  procured  me  not 
"cm"''""'  ''"'  '*"''*''^''^°<^«  f"''  the  next  day."— riciiro/  Wake- 
*'Gay,  sprightly  land  of  mirth  and  social  ease, 
Pleas'd  with  thyself,  whom  all  the  world  can  please. 
How  often  have  I  led  thy  sportive  choir 
"With  tuneless  pipe  beside  the  murmuring  Loire! 
Where  shading  elms  along  the  margin  grew. 
And,  freshen'd  from  the  wave,  the  zephyr  flew; 
And  haply,  though  my  haish  touch,  falt'ring  still. 
But  mock'd  all  tune,  and  marr'd  the  dancers'  skill. 
Yet  would  the  vilhige  praise  my  wondrous  power. 
And  daoce,  forgetful  of  the  noon-tide  hour."— TAe  Tiavellcr. 
Whilst  abroad,  either  at  Padua  or  at  Louvain,  he  took 
his  degree  of  Bachelor  of  Medicine.     On  the  1st  of  Febru- 
ary, 1756,  Goldsmith  landed  at  Dover,  wiser  in  experience, 
but  more  destitute  in  pocket,  than  at  any  former  period 
of  his  life.     He  made  his  way  to  London ;  and  here  starva- 
tion stared  him  in  the  face.     In  vain  he  bogged  for  a  situii- 
tion  as  a  componnder  of  prescriptions  or  as  an  errand-boy 
among  the  London  apothecaries  ;  no  one  would  employ  an 
assistant  who  could  give  no  references.     At  last  he  ob- 

44 


GOL 

tained  a  situation  as  shop-tender  with  a  chemist  of  ths 
namo  of  Jacob,  where  he  remained  until,  by  the  aid  of  an 
old  fellow-studenl,— Dr.  Sleigh,— he  was  enabled  to  .sot 
up,  in  an  humble  way,  as  a  physician  among  the  poorer 
classes.  Prosperity  did  not  smile  upon  his  new  vocation, 
but  incidentally  it  opened  the  wey  to  a  better  business. 

Ho  had  a  patient — a  printer's  workman — who  had  per- 
ception enough  to  discern  that  the  doctor  was  himself  the 
victim  of  a  terrible  malady — nothing  less  than  consuming, 
soul-corroding  poverty.  The  poor  man  had  learned  benevo- 
lence of  his  employer.  He  told  Goldsmith  that  his  master 
had  a  kind  heart,  .and  before  this  had  relieved  distress;— 
would  he  not  let  him  speak  a  word  for  him?  The  kind 
ofiices  of  his  humble  patient  wore  not  in  vain  ;  and  behold 
the  quondam  physician  installed  as  reader  and  corrector  of 
the  press  to  Samuel  Richardson,  the  author  of  "  Clarissa." 
About  tho  beginning  of  1757,  (unless  wo  adopt  the  earlier 
date  assigned  by  Mr.  Allport,)  he  obtained  a  situation  as 
usher  in  the  academy  of  Dr.  Milner,  at  Peckham,  and  was 
still  in  this  humble  employment^tho  mortification  of 
which  ho  has  so  well  described  in  the  person  of  George 
Primrose— when  he  was  engaged  by  Grifliths  as  a  stated 
contributor  to  The  Monthly  Review.  An  agreement  was 
made  for  one  year,  and  Goldsmith  moved  his  scanty  ward- 
robe to  tho  house  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Griffiths.  It  is  not 
without  reason  that  wo  mention  the  latter:  she  was  quite 
as  much  master  of  the  house  as  her  husband  was,  and 
ruled  the  poor  contributor  with  so  despotic  a  sway  that  at 
tho  end  of  five  months  he  was  glad  to  cancel  his  engage- 
ment. 

From  this  time  until  the  appe.aranco  of  his  first  work 
of  any  pretensions,  with  the  exception  of  another  tlial  at 
ushership  in  Dr.  Milner's  school.  Goldsmith  earned  a 
scanty  subsislence  as  a  hack-writer,  with  a  ready  pen 
always  at  the  disposal  of  those  who  wore  able  to  pay  a  few 
shillings  or  a  few  pounds,  as  it  might  be,  for  the  desired 
article,  A  Life  of  Voltaire  and  an  unfinished  tragedy 
are  among  the  labours  of  this  period.  The  disappoint- 
ment of  his  hopes  of  a  lucrative  medical  post  at  Coro- 
mandel,  and  his  rejection  by  the  College  of  Surgeons, 
added  to  tho  bitterness  of  his  melancholy  lot. 

Tho  Inquiry  into  tho  Present  State  of  Polite  Learning 
in  Europe  was  pub.  by  Dodslcy  in  April,  1759,  12nio.  It 
appeared  without  the  writer's  name,  but  the  authorship 
was  no  secret.  Kenrick's  savage  attack  upon  the  new 
work  was  worthy  of  the  base  character  of  tho  man.  The 
Inquiry  was  not  without  merit,  though  perhaps  not  entitled 
to  the  unqualified  commendation  of  the  learned.  To  quota 
the  language  of  one  of  the  author's  late  biographers; — 

"In  the  present  d.iy,  when  tho  whole  field  of  contemporary 
literature  is  so  widely  surveyed  and  amply  discussed,  and  when 
the  curient  productions  of  every  country  are  constantlv  collated 
and  ably  criticised,  a  treal  ise  like  that  of  Goldsmith  would  be  con- 
sidered as  extremely  limited  and  unsatistiictory ;  but  at  that  time 
it  possessed  novelty  in  its  views  and  wideness  in  its  scope,  and, 
beiug  indued  with  the  peculiar  charm  of  style  inseparable  from 
the  author,  it  commanded  public  attention  and  a  profitable  sale  " 
—IrL'in,/'s  Life  of  Gnl^lsmitli. 

Goldsmith's  next  literary  undertaking  was  The  Bee,  a 
weekly  periodical,  pub.  on  Saturd.ays,  the  first  number  of 
which  appeared  on  the  6th  of  October,  1750,  and  the  eighth 
and  last  on  tho  29lh  of  November.  It  possessed  excellence 
of  no  ordinary  character,  but  failed  to  command  support. 
On  the  12th  of  January,  1760,  Mr.  Newbory,  the  famous 
publisher  of  children's  books,  commenced  tho  publication 
of  Tho  Public  Ledger,  and  Goldsmith  contributed  to  it  his 
celebrated  Chinese  Letters,  which  were  collected  and  repub. 
by  Newbery,  at  tho  close  of  1700,  in  2  vols.  12mo.  under 
the  title  of  The  Citizen  of  the  World  ;  or,  Letters  from  a 
Chinese  Philosopher  residing  in  London,  to  his  friends  in 
the  East.  They  were  commended  by  the  British  Magazine 
as  "light,  agreeable  summer  reading;"  and  oven  Kenrick 
was  forced  by  Griffiths  to  make  an  awkward  apology  for  his 
brutal  attack  on  tho  "Inquiry"  and  its  author,  and  com- 
mended the  Chinese  Letters  in  high  terms.  Some  opinions 
upon  the  merits  of  this  work  will  be  found  on  a  later  page. 
The  ropntation  of  his  new  work  caused  publishers  to  seek 
tho  aid  of  tho  author  in  various  undertakings,  and  the 
editorship  of  Tho  Lady's  Magazine,  contributions  to  The 
British  Magazine,  prefaces  to  a  number  of  works,  a  revision 
of  a  History  of  Mecklenburg,  Newbery's  Art  of  Poetry, 
Compendium  of  Biography,  and  a  Life  of  Beau  Nash,  were 
among  the  literary  labours  that  replenished  tho  exhausted 
coffers  of  The  Citizen  of  the  World.  On  tho  aist  of  May, 
1761,  an  event  of  no  ordinary  interest  occurred  to  the  now 
rising  author.  This  was  his  introduction  to  Dr.  Johnson, 
"The  Great  Cham  of  Literature,"  through  the  good  offices 
of  Dr.  Percy,  afterwards  Bishop  of  Dromore.  Tho  strong 
attachment  which  the  lexicographer  at  once  formed  for 

633 


GOL 

Goldsmith,  notwithstanding  his  faults  and  foibles,  and  the 
friendly  aid  which  he  afforded  him  by  the  disposal  of  The 
Vicar  of  Walieficld,  are  pleasing  incidents  in  the  lives  of 
these  two  truly  great  men.     The  nodes  amlruawnrK  of  the 
Literary  Club  were  now  partaken  of  by  Goldsmith,  and  he 
found  himself  the  associate  of  men  whom  heretofore  he 
had  long  worshipped  at  a  distance.     Still  busily  employed 
with  his  pen,  we  find  him  engaged  on  a  revision  of  a  De- 
scription of  Millennium  Hall  and  of  Dr.  Brookes's  System 
of  Natural  Hi.-tory,  additions  to  the  Wonders  of  Nature 
and  Art,  contributions  to  The  Marlial  Keview  or  General 
History  of  the  late  War,  to  the  Critical  and  Monthly  Maga- 
zines, prefaces  to    Universal    History   and    several    other 
works,  and  a  compilation  entitled  A  History  ol  tngland, 
in  a  series  of  Letters  from  a  Nobleman  to  his  Son.     This 
has  passed  through  many  edits,  in  English,  been  trans,  into 
French,  and  was  confidently  attributed  to  Lord  Chester-  I 
field.    Lord    Orrery,    and    especially    to   Lord    Lyttelton.  ; 
Among  his  many  literary  projects  which  were  never  exe- 
cuted may  bo  mentioued  one,  the  title  of  which  interests 
u^  not  a  "little:  A  Chronological  History  of  the  Lives  of 
Eminent  Persons  in  Great  Britain  and  Ireland.     This  book 
would  doubtless  have  been  one  of  the  most  charming  in 
style  and  inaccurate  in  slatement,  one  of  the  most  delight- 
ful companions  and  unsafe  guides,  in  the  language.     It  was 
to  be  comprised  in  two  octavo  vols,  of  thirty-five  sheets  ■ 
each,  to  be  paid  for  at  the  rate  of  three  guineas  a  sheet, 
and  to  be  furnished  in  two  years.     But— for  Dodsley  well  \ 
knew  the  habits  of  authors— the  publisher  stipulated  that 
he  should  be  subjected  to  no  advance  until  the  work  was 
completed.  This  was  enough  to  seal  its  fate  with  Goldsmith. 
He  sent  a  proposition  to  Tonson  to  prepare  for  him  a  new 
edition  of  the  works  of  Pope.     Tonson — not  always  the 
most  amiable  of  mortals— returned  an  impertinent  answer, 
and  the  disappointed  author  vented   his   indignation   by 
immediately  inflicting  a  caning  upon  Tonson's  unhappy 
messenger. 

It  was  in  1764  that  the  well-known  incident  just  referred 
to  occurred,— an  incident  so  graphically  described  by  Dr. 
Johnson  himself,  that  we  cannot  do  better  than  quote  his 
own  language: 

'*  I  received  one  morning  a  message  from  poor  Goldsmith  that  he 
was  in  great  distress,  aud.  as  it  was  not  iu  his  power  to  couie  to  nie, 
begeing  that  I  would  come  to  him  as  soon  as  possible.  I  sent  him 
a  guinea,  and  promised  to  come  to  him  dii-ectly.  I  accordingly 
went  as  soon  as  I  was  dressed,  and  found  that  his  laiidlioiy  had 
arrested  him  fur  his  rent,  at  which  he  was  in  a  violent  passiuu.  I 
perceived  that  he  had  already  changed  my  guinea,  aud  had  got  a 
bottle  of  madeira  and  a  gl.oss  before  him.  1  put  the  corlt  into  the 
bottle,  desired  he  would  be  calm,  and  began  tn  tall;  to  him  of  the 
means  by  which  he  might  be  extricated.     Ue  then  told  me  he  had 


GOL 

'•  The  beauties  of  this  poem  are  so  great  and  various,  that  wfl 
cannot  but  be  surprised  they  have  not  been  able  to  recommend  i1 
to  more  general  notice."  ,     ., 

A  month  after  this  notice,  a  second  edition  appeared ;  tho 
third  soon  followed,  a  fourth  was  issued  in  August,  and  the 
ninth  appeared  in  the  year  of  the  author's  death. 

We  have  no  evidence  that  Goldsmith  received  more  than 
twenty  guineas  from  the  publisher,  the  elder  Newbery.  But 
the  author  felt  that  his  reputation  w.as  on  the  ascendant, 
and  he  ventured  to  leave  his  own  cpnarters  in  Wine-Office 
Court  iind  removed  to  chambers  <in  the  library  staircase 
of  the  Temple.  Johnson  paid  him  a  visit  shortly  after- 
wards, and  inspected  the  new  apartments  rather  closely  ; 
which  induced  Goldsmith  to  exclaim,  "  I  shall  soon  be  in 
better  chambers,  sir,  than  these."  "  Nay,  nay,  sir,"  re- 
sponded Johnsiin;  "never  mind  that:  Nil  te  e.itra  quasi- 
vcris  extra."  Poor  Goldsmith !  did  ho  remember  then  the 
miseries  of  Green  Arbour  Court,  which  have  been  so  gra- 
i  phically  described  by  Washington  Irving  in  his  Tales  of  a 
Traveller?  We  shall  reserve  for  a  later  page  some  com- 
mendatory notices  of  this  beautiful  poem.  In  17(15,  a 
number  of  his  contributions  to  periodicals  were  pub.  under 
the  title  of  Essays  by  Mr.  Goldsmith.  Many  of  them  had 
long  been  favouriteswith  the  public,  (though  their  author- 
ship was  not  generally  known.)  had  been  reprinted  many 
times,  and  claimed  by  several  who  had  no  title  to  them, 
;  This  volume  paid  the  author  a  profit  of  twenty  guineas 
only;  it  however  extended  his  reputation,  was  trans,  into 
'  French,  and  is  still  a  favourite  with  the  public. 

It  was  at  this  period,  .also,  that  he  wrote  the  beautiful 
ballad  of  Edwin  and  Angelina. 

"  Without  informing  any  of  us  [at  the  Club]  he  wrote  and  ad- 
dressed to  the  Countess,  afterwards  Duchess  of  Northumberband, 
one  of  the  first  poems  of  the  lyric  kind  that  our  language  has  to 
boast  of." — Sir  .John  Hawkins. 
i  Whether  Goblsmitb  was  really  the  author  of  a  famous 
biography  which  appeared  in  tliis  yc:ir,  of  less  pretensions, 
but  equ.al  notoriety,  with  The  Hermit,— the  story  of  Goody 
Two  Shoes, — we  shall  not  pause  to  discuss. 

Towards  the  close  of  this  year  he  received  from  Newbery 
the  respectable  sum— judging  by  his  Ibrmer  receipts — of 
sixty  guineas  for  A  Survey  of  Experimental  Philosophy 
I  considered  in  its  Present  State  of  Improvement.  He  was 
engaged  in  the  completion  of  this  work  in  the  year  of  bis 
!  death,  and  it  was  pub.  in  1776,  2  vols.  Svo,  It  should  not 
be  forgotten  that  at  this  period  he  essayed  for  a  brief 
season  to  resume  the  practice  of  physic  ;  but  the  experi- 
ment proved  both  unprofitable  and  unpalatable,  .and  was 
soon  abandoned.  At  last  appeared,  March  27,  1766, 
eighteen  months  after  its  memorable  sale  to  Newbery  the 
younger,  the  novel  of  The  Vicar  of  Wakefield.     The  wits 


a  novel  ready  for  the  press,  which  he  produced  to  me.    1  looked  [  3^,1  critics  were  this  time  behind  the  public  in  their  accla- 


iuto  it.  and  .saw  its  merit ;  told  the  landlady  I  should  soon  return ; 
and,  having  gone  to  a  bookseller,  sold  it  for  sixty  pounds.  1 
brouiiht  Goldsmith  the  money,  and  he  discharged  his  rent,  not 
without  rating  his  landlady  in  a  high  tone  for  having  used  him 
so  ill." — BoswcU's  Lifi'  0/  Johnson. 

On  the  day  of  the  sale  of  The  Vicar  of  Wakefield,  the 
Traveller  received  the  last  touches  of  the  author.  Johnson 
had  greater  hopes  of  the  success  of  the  poem  than  of  the 
novel ;  he  read  the  proof-sheets,  substituted  here  and  there 
a  line  of  his  own,  (only  nine  verses  iu  all,)  and  immedi- 
ately prepared  for  it  a  warm  recei>tiou,  through  the  medium 
of  the  Critical  Review,  iu  a  notice  of  bis  own  composition. 
It  was  published — the  first  production  which  bore  his 
name — December  19,  1764,  and  dedicated  to  his  brother 
Henry,  to  whom  eighty  of  the  last  lines  in  it  bad  been  dis- 
patched in  a  letter  many  years  before,  when  the  author 
was  a  "  houseless  stranger"  in  a  foreign  land.  The  lines 
inserted  by  Johnson  were  the  one  which  now  stands  420th 
in  the  poem,  and,  omitting  the  last  couplet  hut  one,  the 
eight  concluding  lines. 

The  success  of  The  Traveller  was  decided  and  immediate 
among  the  wits,  but  some  time  elapsed  before  it  became  a 
favourite  with  the  public  at  large.  Johnson  pronounced 
it  "  a  poem  to  which  it  would  not  be  easy  to  find  .any  thing 
equal  since  the  days  of  Pope."  The  lexicographer  read  it 
aloud  to  Miss  Reynolds,  and  the  lady — who  had  recently 
toasted  Goldsmith  as  the  ugliest  man  of  her  acquaintance 
— declared  that  she  should  never  again  tliiuk  him  ugly. 

"  '  There  is  not  a  had  line  in  that  poem  of  The  Traveller,'  said 
Langton,  as  they  sat  talking  at  Keynold.s's  four  years  after  the 
poet's  death ;  '  hot  one  of  Dryden's  careless  verses.'  '  I  was  glad,' 
interposed  Reynolds,  '  to  hear  Charles  Fox  s.ay  it  was  one  of  the 
first  poems  in  the  English  language.'  'Why  was  you  glad!'  re- 
joined Langton;  'you  surely  had  no  doubt  of  this  before?'  'No,' 
exclaimed  Johnson,  decisively,  '  the  meiit  of  The  Traveller  is  so 
well  established,  th.at  Mr.  Fox's  praise  cannot  augment  it,  nor  his 
censure  diminish  it.' " 

Two  months  after  its  publication,  the  St.  James's  Chro- 
nicle, the  leading  literary  paper  of  tho  time,  remarked : 
69U 


mations.  In  about  two  mouths  a  second  edition  was  de- 
manded; three  months  later  the  third  appeared,  and  the 
sixth  was  pub.  in  the  year  of  the  author's  death.  This 
charming  tale  will  be  noticed  more  at  large  on  a  subsequent 
page.  We  have  now  reached  a  point  in  the  literary  history 
of  Goldsmith  when  we  may  be  permitted  to  take  a  rapid 
survey  of  the  labours  which  employed  his  pen  from  the 
tiino  of  the  publication  of  the  Vicar  of  Wakefield  until 
his  death.  For  detailed  information  concerning  these 
publications  ami  their  author,  we  must  refer  the  reader  to 
the  sources  to  which  every  biographer  of  Goldsmith  must 
acknowledge  his  obligations — the  biographies  of  Percy, 
Brydges,  Mitford,  Scott,  Prior,  Forstcr,  and  Irving. 
i70fi  :  Poems  for  Young  Ladies,  12ino. 
"A  respectable  selection  of  pieces,  chietly  from  Parnell.  Pope, 
Thomson,  Addison,  and  Collins,  with  .additions  of  less  importance 
from  less  eminent  hands,  and  some  of  the  occasional  verses  of  his 
friend  Robert  Nugent." 

For  this  compilation  he  received  ten  guineas ;  and  for 
writing  a*'  Short  English  Grammar"  had  but  half  that  sum, 
1767:  Beauties  of  English  Poesy,  2  vols.  12mo, 
In  this  selection,  for  which  he  received  fifty  pounds, 
appeared  two  pieces. — The  Ladle  and  Hans  Carvel, — 
which  were  not  of  a  character  to  promote  the  general 
circulation  of  the  work, 

1768:  The  Good-Natured  Man;  a  Comedy,  Svo.  This 
was  not  successful  on  the  stage,  but  sold  so  well  that  tho 
whole  of  the  first  edition  was  taken  on  the  second  day. 
The  author's  profits  on  the  stage  aud  by  its  sale  amounted 
to  about  £500. 

"  His  two  admirable  Comedies  of  '  The  Good-Natured  Man'  and 
'  She  Stoops  to  Conquer'  are  the  greenest  spots  in  the  Dr.amatic 
waste  of  the  period  of  which  we  aie  speaking.  Tliey  are  worthy 
of  the  author  of 'The  Vicar  of  WaLefuld.'  and  to  praise  them  more 
highly  is  impossitile.  AVit  wilhout  lic-iilii.usii.ss:  Humourwith- 
out  extravagance:  bi-illiaut  and  elegant  dialogue;  and  forcible  but 
n.atural  delineation  of  character,  are  the  excellences  with  which 
his  pages  are  prodigally  strewn."— //wiry  KeeU's  Lects.  cm  Eng 
i  llrantat.  PiKt. 


GOL 

"  The  best,  as  we  think,  of  his  dramatic  efforts."— Peof.  Botieu  : 
Gaiter!/  of  lliiist.  Ii-Mmt7i:  Duhl  Univ.  Mag.,  vii.  3S. 
1769  :  Roman  History,  2  vols.  Svo. 

"  Sir,  it  is  the  great  excellence  of  a  writer  to  put  into  his  hook 
as  much  as  his  book  will  hold.  Goldsmith  has  done  this  in  his 
history.  .  .  .  Uoldsniith'sabridgmeut  is  betterthan  that  of  Lucius 
Floras  or  Eutropius;  and  I  will  venture  to  .say,  that  if  you  com- 
pare him  with  Vertot,  in  the  same  places  of  the  Roman  History, 
you  will  And  that  he  excels  Vertot.  Sir,  he  has  the  art  of  com- 
piling and  of  saying  every  thing  he  has  to  say  in  a  pleasing  man- 
ner.' — Dr.  Johnso.v  :  Boswdrs  life. 

'■■  Ooldsmith-s  Aln-idijcnmls  r>f  Ihc  Histnri,  of  Roms  and  England 
mity  here  be  noticed.  Thcv  an-  iniliii'iitly  well  calculated  to  intro- 
duce youth  to  the  knowlcd-e  of  their  sludics;  for  they  exhibit  the 
most  interesting  and  striluiig  events,  without  cntcriti"  into  con- 
troversy or  dry  detail.''— &>  Walirr  ScoWs  LU'r  of  l,\,hhmHJi. 

"  Goldsmith's  brief  and  enchanting  epitome  ofRumau  History  " 
— Chancellor  Kent. 

"  Though  a  work  written  for  bre.ad.  not  fame,  such  is  its  ease, 
perspicuity,  good  sense,  and  the  delightful  simplicity  of  its  style, 
that  it  was  well  received  by  the  critics,  commanded  a  prompt  and 
extensive  Siile.  and  has  ever  since  remained  in  the  hands  of  young 
and  old."— /)-fi«<7's  Life  of  Ooldmiitli. 

^  "  Intended  for  the  perusal  of  the  young,  and  certainly  written 
in  an  interesting  manner,  but  almost  always  superficial  and  fre- 
quently inaccurate." — A".  ^Imcr.  i?cy. 

Of  the  author's  abridgment  of  his  History  of  Rome 
there  have  been  edits,  edited  by  Co.te,  Davis,  Dymock, 
Piunock,  Simpson,  Ac.  It  w.as  in  this  year  that  he  con- 
tracted with  Griffin  for  his  Natural  History,  or  the  His- 
tory of  the  Earth  and  Animated  Nature.  See  years  1772 
and  1774, 

1770:  Life  of  Dr.  Parnell,  prefl.\ed  to  an  edit,  of  his 
poems  pub.  in  this  year,  Svo. 

"Goldsmith's  Life  of  Parnell  is  poor;  not  that  it  is  poorly 
written,  but  that  he  had  poor  materials;  for  noliody  can  write  the 
life  of  a  mau  but  those  who  have  eat  and  drunk  and  lived  in 
social  intercourse  with  him."— Dr.  Johnson:  BosmcWs  Life. 

Life  of  Lord  Bolingbroke,  originally  prefi.\ed  to  his 
Dissert,  on  Parties,  repub.  in  this  year,  Svo;  afterw.ards  to 
Bolingbroke's  Works.  It  wtis  in  this  year  that  Goldsmith 
accompanied  Mrs.  Horneck  and  her  two  beautiful  daugh- 
ters—Little Comedy  and  the  Jessamy  Bride — to  Fran'ce. 
He  was  now  in  the  height  of  his  reputation,— for  two 
months  before  he  left  London  the  town  was  thrown  into 
raptures  by  the  publication  of  The  Deserted  Village,  a 
Poem,  4to.  The  1st  edit.,  pub.  M.ay  6,  was  immediately 
e.xhausted,  and  by  the  16th  of  August  the  5th  edit,  was 
pub.  Previous  to  its  publication  tlie  author  received  from 
the  publisher  a  note  for  the  price  agi-eed  upon,— one  hun- 
dred guinesis.  A  friend  remarked  to  Goldsmith  that  it 
was  a  great  price  (five  shillings  a  couplet)  for  so  small  a 
poem : 

"In  truth,"  said  Goldsmith,  "I  think  so  too;  it  is  much  more 
than  the  honest  man  can  allord,  or  the  piece  is  worth.  I  have 
not  been  easy  since  I  received  it." 

He  therefore  returned  the  note  to  the  publisher,  and 
desired  him  to  pay  him  when  it  should  be  ascertained 
what  the  poem  was  worth. 

We  shall  reserve  the  citation  of  opinions  upon  this  poem 
—criticism  is  hardly  a  proper  word  for  (with  one  e.KCeption) 
unmixed  and  enthusiastic  eulogy— for  a  later  page. 

But  we  must  here  refer  the  reader  to  Prior's  Life  of 
Goldsmith  and  Huwitt's  Homes  and  Haunts  of  Eminent 
British  Poets  for  gr.aphic  descriptions  of  The  Deserted 
Village — Lissoy — and  to  the  article  from  a  London  peri- 
odical, on  the  same  attractive  theme,  quoted  in  Irving's 
Life  of  Goldsmith.  In  the  London  Genllcman's  Maga- 
zine for  June,  18.38,  pp,  .'>92,  593,  will  be  found  an  inge- 
nious argument,  by  Mr.  John  Cunnington,  in  which  it  is 
asserted  that  Springfield,  near  Chelmsford,  England,  (and 
not  Lissoy,  in  Ireland.)  is  entitled  to  the  honours  which 
pertain  to  the  far-famed  Deserted  VilUage  of  Goldsmith. 

We  must  not  fail  to  commend  that  beautiful  volume, 
The  Deserted  Village,  illustrated  by  80  designs  by  the 
Etching  Club,  Lon.,  1811,  imp.  8vo,  £5  5».;  colombier  4to, 
£5  6«.;  portfolio;  colombier  fol.,  £10  10«.;  proofs,  £13  13s! 
This  is  gener.ally  considered  the  chef-rVaui-re  of  the  Etch- 
ing Club.  It  is  the  united  production  of  some  of  the  most 
eminent  artists  of  the  day,  including  Webster,  Redgrave 
Creswick,  Cope,  J.  Bell,  Horslcy,  F.  Tayler,  Townsend' 
and  C.  Stonehouse. 

••  No  poem  in  the  language  perhaps  holds  out  so  many  opportu- 
nities to  the  artist.  The  exquisite  little  gems  with  which  it  is  so 
thickly  studded  are  all  wrought  out  in  a  spirit  of  graceful  poetry 
worthy  of  the  genius  of  Golds.mith,  and,  by  the  beauty  and  deli- 
cacy of  their  execution,  carry  us  back  to  the  'olden  time,'  when 
the  greatest  luminaries  of  Painting  were  also  the  first  amon"  the 
Etchers."  " 


1771:  The  Haunch  of  Venison;  a  Poem,  Svo.  This  was 
a  poetical  epistle,  acknowledging  the  receipt  of  a  Haunch 
of  Venison  from  Lord  Clare,  with  whom  Goldsmith  spent 
some  time  in  the  country. 

"\\ritten  with  no  higher  aim  than  mere  pleasantry;  a  more 


GOL 

delightful  piece  of  humour,  or  a  more  finished  piece  of  style,  has 
probaWy  been  seldom  written."— Forster  :  Life  of  (loldmlith. 

"Some  of  the  lines  pleasantly  set  forth  the  emliarrassment 
caused  by  the  appearance  of  such  an  aristocratic  delicacy  in  the 
humble  kitchen  of  a  poet,  accustomed  to  look  up  to  mutton  as  a 
treat : 

"  *  Thanks,  my  lord,  for  your  venison,  for  finer  or  fatter 
Never  raug'd  in  a  forest,  or  sniok'd  in  a  platter.'" 

VTashinoton  iRvma :  Life  of  Oohlmith. 
History  of  England  from  the  earliest  times  to  the  Death 
of  George  IL,  1771,  i  vols.  Svo;  2d  ed.,  1774,  4  vols.  Svo. 
Abridgt.,  1774,  Svo.     This  is  an  acknowledged  compila- 
tion from  R.apin,  Carte,  Smollett,  and  Hume, — 

"Each  of  whom,"  says  Goldsmith,  in  the  preface,  "have  their 
admirers,  in  proportion  as  the  reader  is  studious  of  political  antl 
quities,  fond  of  minute  anecdote,  a  warm  partisan,  or  a  deliberate 
reasoner," 

The  Whigs  of  course  detected  a  smack  of  Tory  doctrine 
in  the  new  History,  and  charged  the  compiler  with  be- 
traying the  liberties  of  the  people.  Goldsmith's  defence 
against  the  attack  is  very  characteristic  of  the  man, — may 
we  not  say  characteristic  of  an  author? 

_  "  I  had  no  thought  for  or  against  liberty  in  my  head ;  my  whole 
aim  being  to  malce  up  a  book  of  a  decent  size,  and  which,  as 
'Squire  Hichard  says,  would  do  harm  to  nobody."— Goldsmith's 
I^etler  to  Lanrfton. 

"The  history  on  the  whole,  however,  was  well  received;  some 
of  the  critics  (b  ,1  n,  ,1  that  English  History  had  never  before  been 
so  usefully,  s..  ii.._,iiiily  and  agreeably  epitomized;  'and.  like  his 
other  histnii,  ,1  uiiiiugs,' it  has  kept  its  ground  in  English  lit(^ 
rature."— Washim^'kjn  Irving:  Life  nf  GoldsmiUi. 

"As  a  historian  Goldsmith  accomplishes  all  at  which  he  aims. 
He  does  not  promise  much,  but  he  does  more  than  he  promises. 
He  takes,  it  is  true,  facts  which  had  been  already  collected,  but 
he  shapes  them  with  an  art  that  is  all  his  own."— Henev  Giles; 
Lecturer  and  Essays. 

See  Boswell's  Life  of  Johnson  for  the  lexicographer's 
comparison  between  Robertson  and  Goldsmith  as  hi.sto- 
rians.  For  this  work  Davies  paid  Goldsmith  £500.  Of 
this  history  there  have  been  numerous  eds.  and  abridgts., 
edited  by  Coote,  Lynam.  Morell,  Rose,  Wright,  Bigland, 
Coxe,  Davis,  Dymock,  Kenny,  Pinnoek,  Simpson,  Stew- 
art, &c. 

1772:  In  this  ye.ar  he  was  employed  upon  his  History 
of  the  Earth  and  Animated  Nature,  (Natural  History,  as 
it  is  sometimes  called,)  for  which  ho  had  contracted  with 
GriflSn  in  1769,— S  vols,  at  100  guineas  per  vol.  The  work 
was  commenced  in  1769,  but  not  prosecuted  systematically. 
It  was  not  finished  and  pub.  until  1774.  It  was  in  this 
year  tilso  that  he  wrote  the  latest  of  the  Essays  in  the 
collection  which  now  bears  that  title;  and  at  this  period 
he  .abridged  his  Roman  History,  and  wrote  portions  of  a 
tale  for  Newbery  but  rejected  by  him,  intended  to  be  of 
the  same  character  as  The  Vicar  of  Wakefield.  For  an 
account  of  the  announcement  in  Paris  of  Histoire  de 
Franfois  Wills,  see  the  biographies  of  Goldsmith. 

1773:  She  Stoops  to  Conquer;  or.  The  Mistakes  of  a 
Night,  Svo.  The  plot  of  this  phvy  and  the  incident  upon 
which  it  is  founded  are  so  well  known  that  we  shall  not 
repeat  them.  And  who  can  forget  Richard  Cumberland's 
graphic  account  of  the  first  performance  and  that  lauu-h- 
ing  Adam  Drummond,  who  had  almost  ruined  the  whole 
afliiir  ? 

Cumberland  must  tell  his  own  story,  which,  whether 
exaggerated  or  true  to  nature,  is  told  with  admirable 
etiect: 

"  We  were  not  over-sanguine  of  success,  but  perfectly  determined 
to  struggle  bard  for  our  author.  We  accordingly  assembled  our 
strengtli  at  the  Shakspeaie  Tavern,  in  a  considerable  body,  for  an 
e.arly  dinner,  where  Samuel  .Johnson  took  the  chair  at  the  head 
of  a  long  table,  and  was  the  life  and  soul  of  the  corps.  The  poet 
took  post  silently  by  his  side,  with  the  Burkes.  .Sir  Joshua  Hev- 
nolds.  lltzherbert.  Caleb  ^Vhiteford,  and  a  phalanx  of  Noifh 
.,'■'1,  '„f"''"'''''"™'°"*  aPPlauders.  under  the  banner  of  Maior 
Mills,  all  good  men  and  true.  Our  illustrious  president  was  in 
inimitable  glee;  and  poor  Goldsmith  that  day  took  all  his  raillery 
as  patiently  and  compLacently  as  my  friend  Boswell  would  have 
done  any  day  or  every  day  of  his  life.  In  the  mean  time,  we  did 
not  forget  our  duty;  and  though  we  had  a  better  comedy  going 
in  which  Johnson  was  chief  actor,  we  betook  ourselves  in  good 
time  to  our  separate  and  allotted  posts,  and  waited  the  awful 
drawing  up  of  the  curtain.  As  our  stations  were  preconcerted,  so 
were  our  signals  for  plaudits  arranged  and  determined  upon  in  a 
manner  that  gave  every  one  his  cue  where  to  look  for  them  and 
how  to  follow  them  up. 

"  We  had  among  us  a  very  worthy  and  eiticient  member,  long 
since  lost  to  his  friends  and  the  world  at  large.  Adam  Drummond 
of  amiable  memory,  who  was  gifted  by  nature  with  the  most 
sonorous  and  at  the  same  time  the  most  contagious  laugh  that 
ever  echoed  from  the  human  lungs.  The  neighing  of  the  horse 
of  the  son  of  Hysta.spes  was  a  whisper  to  it;  the  whole  thunder 
of  the  theatre  could  not  drown  it.  This  kind  and  ingenuous 
friend  fairly  forewarned  us  that  he  knew  no  more  when  U>  give 
his  fire  than  the  cannon  did  that  was  planted  on  a  battery  Ho 
desired,  therefore,  to  have  a  flapper  at  his  elbow,  and  1  bad  the 
honour  to  be  deputed  to  that  oflice.  I  planted  him  in  an  ui.per 
box.  pretty  nearly  over  the  stage,  in  full  view  of  the  pit  and  gal- 


GOL 


lerio'!  and  perfectly  well  situated  to  give  the  echo  all  its  play 
thriiuKh  the  hollows  and  recesses  of  the  theatre.  The  success  of 
our  manoeuvre  was  complete.  All  eyes  were  upon  Johnson,  who 
sat  in  a  front  row  of  a  side  box;  and  when  he  laughed,  everybody 
thour'bt  themselves  warranted  to  roar.  In  the  mean  time,  my 
friend  followed  signals  with  a  rattle  so  irresistibly  comic,  that 
when  he  had  repeated  it  several  times,  the  attention  of  the  specta- 
tors was  so  engrossed  by  his  person  and  performances,  th.it  the 
progress  of  the  play  seemed  likely  to  become  a  secondary  object, 
and  1  found  it  prudent  to  insinuate  to  him  that  be  might  halt  Dis 
music  without  any  prejudice  to  the  author.  But  alas!  it  was  now 
too  late  to  rein  biiu  in;  b.j  had  laughed  upon  my  sign;<l  where  he 
found  no  joke,  and  now,  unluckily,  he  fancied  that  he  fbund  a 
joke  in  .ilmost  every  thii.g  that  was  said;  so  that  nothing  in  na- 
ture could  be  more  malapropos  than  some  of  bis  bursts  ever>  now 
and  then  were.  These  were  dangerous  moments,  for  the  pit  began 
to  take  umbrage;  but  we  carried  our  point  through,  and  triumphed 
not  only  over  Colman's  judgment,  but  our  own. 

The  illustrious  president  of  this  band  of  Goldsmith's 
friends— Samuel  Johnson— thus  records  his  judgment  on 
She  Stoops  tu  Conquer : 

"  I  know  of  no  comedv  for  many  years  that  has  so  much  exhila- 
rated an  audience;  that  has  aoswered  so  much  the  great  end  of 
"omedy,  making  an  audience  merry." 

Davies  remarks  that  the  success  of  this  piece 
"  Revived  fancy,  wit,  gaycly,  humour,  incident^  and  character, 
in  the  place  of  sentiment  and  moral  preachment." 

Davies  is  too  honest  to  pretend  that  "  the  theatre  is  the 
school  of  morals,"  as  is  often  foolishly  asserted.  Undoulit- 
edly  the  modern  stage  is  most  emphatically  the  school  of 
vice,  and  we  see  not  how  it  can  consistently  be  counte- 
nanced by  those  who  pretend  to  a  regard  for  morals,  or 
even  ordinary  decency.  But  upon  this  theme  wo  have 
already  discoursed  at  large  in  our  life  of  Jeremy  Collier,  q.  v. 
But  we  h:id  almost  forgotten  to  cite  an  extract  referring 
to  this  comedy  from  a  letter  of  Dr.  Johnson  to  the  late 
Bishop  White,  for  many  years  the  venerable  diocesan  of 
the  Episcopal  Church  in  the  State  of  Pennsylvania: 

•Dr  Uold'-milh  h.as  a  new  comedv  in  rehearsal  at  Covent  G.ar- 
den  to  which  the  manager  [Colman]  predicts  ill  success.  I  hope 
he  will  be  mistaken.  I  think  it  deserves  a  kind  reception.  —To 
the  Uev.  Mr.  White,  [at  Pliiladelpliia.]  March  4,  1773. 

And  this  e.'itract  very  naturally  reminds  us  of  Bishop 
(the  Rev.  Mr.)  White's  visit  to  Goldsmith  in  1770.  INIany 
a  fellow-citizen  of  our  own  will  thank  us  for  the  good 
Bishop's  account  of  this  memoraUe  visit;  and  we  shall  not 

withhold  it:  .       .    „  .  ,  ^      . 

■■  We  lod"ed,  for  some  time,  near  to  one  another,  in  Brick  tonrt, 
of  the  Temple.  I  had  it  intimated  to  him.  by  an  acquaintance  of 
both,  th.at  I  wished  for  the  pleasure  of  making  him  a  visit.  It 
ensued ;  and  in  our  conversation  it  took  a  turn  which  excited  in 
me  a  painful  sensation,  from  the  circumstance  that  a  man  of  such 
a  genius  should  write  for  bread.  His  -Deserted  Village'  came 
under  notice;  and  some  remarks  were  made  by  us  on  the  piinciple 
ol  it— the  decay  of  the  peasantry.  He  said,  that  were  he  to  write 
a  pamrhlet  on  the  subject,  he  could  prove  the  point  incontro- 
vertibly.  On  his  being  asked  why  he  did  not  set  his  mind  to  this, 
his  answer  was:  'It  is  not  worth  my  while.  A  good  poem  will 
bring  me  one  hundred  guineas;  but  the  pamphlet  would  bring 
uie  nothing.'  This  was  a  short  time  before  my  leaving  of  Eng- 
land, and  1  saw  the  Doctor  no  more." 

We  need  hardly  say  that  the  Bishop's  reminiscences  of 
Johnson  are  also  exceedingly  interesting. 

But  our  readers  will  fear  that  we  have  entirely  lost 
sight  of  She  Stoops  to  Conquer: 

•■  The  dramatic  powers  of  Uoldsmith— for  a  restricted  space 
warns  us  to  leave  a  too  seductive  topic— were  not  perhaps  of  the 
very  highest  order.  Yet  his  plays  are  a  valuable  accession  to  our 
st.a'^e  literature.  They  do  not  fail  below  Cumberland  or  Cibber  in 
plot  or  character,  while  they  surpass  the  former  in  liveliness  of 
humour,  and  the  latter  in  preservation  of  decorum."— Prof.  But- 
LEH:  GaUeri/  of  Illust.  Irishmen,  IluU.  ITnh:  Mail.,  vii.  47. 

"  The  plot  turns  on  what  may  be  termed  a  farcical  incident— two 
parties  mistaking  a  gentleman's  house  for  an  inn.  But  the  ex- 
cellent discrimination  of  character,  and  the  humour  and  vivacity 
of  the  dialogue  throughout  the  play,  render  this  piece  one  of  the 
richest  contributions  wliiih  have  been  made  to  modern  comedy. 
The  native  pleasantry  and  originality  of  tioldsmith  were  never 
more  happily  displayed." 

•■  Asa  dramatist,  Coldsmith  is  amusing;  and  it  to  excite  laugh, 
ter  be,  as  Johnsi>n  asserts  it  is,  the  chief  end  of  comedy,  tioldsmith 
attains  it.  Uis  plots,  however,  are  extravagant,  and  his  personages 
are  oddities  rather  than  characters.  Goldsmith's  plays  want  the 
contrivance  which  belongs  to  highest  art ;  but  they  have  all  those 
ingenious  accidents  that  are  notable  for  stage  effect.  Tbey  are, 
in  fact,  deficient  in  that  insight  which  pertains  only  to  great  dra- 
matic genius.  .  .  .  Both  of  them  [The  Good-Natured  Man  and  She 
gtoops  to  Conquer]  abound  in  drollery  and  strong  touches  of  n.a- 
ture:  but  thev  do  not  give  the  author  an  exalted  position  among 
dramatists,  aiid  they  do  not  promise  that  he  could  have  reached 
it." — Henry  Giles:  Lectures  and  Essays. 

See  also  the  criticisms  under  the  head  of  The  Good- 
Natured  Man,  year  1768.  She  Stoops  to  Conquer  pro- 
duced to  the  happy  author  a  clear  profit  of  no  less  than 
£,H00.  In  this  year  he  projected  the  compilation  of  a 
Dictionary  of  Arts  and  Sciences,  which  was  never  exe- 
cuted. Cradock  tells  us  that  Goldsmith's  Introduction  to 
it  was  excellent. 


GOL 

1774:  Grecian  History,  from  the  earliest  State  to  the 
D."!)th  of  Alexander  the  Great,  2  vols.  8vo. 

-A  most  desirable  abridgment,  and  may  be  put  most  safely  into 
youn"  persons'  hands;  combining  beauty  and  ability,  and  so  at- 
tracti"e  as  to  hold  children  from  their  play."  ,     ,  .  j 

"This  work,  although  elegantly  written,  and  highly  calculated 
to  attract  and  interest  young  readers,  enters  into  no  critical  dis- 
cussion of  disputed  points,  and  is  superficial  and  inaccurate." 

'It  would  be  unjust  to  estimate  Goldsmith  by  the  History  of 
Greece  "— T.  B.  M.iCAi'HV ;  see  Gleig.  George  Hodert. 

This  work  has  been  abridged,  and  many  edits,  have 
appeared,  edited  by  Coxe,  Dymoek,  Pinnock,  Prince, 
Simpson,  &c. 

Retaliation;  a  Poem :  including  Epitaphs  on  the  most 
distinguished  Wits   of  the   Metropolis,  with   explanatory 
Observations,  4to.      Reprinted  with   other  pieces  of  the 
author,  1777,  4to.     A  number  of  mock  epitaphs  had  been 
composed  on  Goldsmith,  and  Garrick's  is  preserved: 
'■  Here  lies  poor  Goldsmith,  for  shortness  called  Noll, 
Who  wrote  like  an  angel  but  talkd  like  Poor  Poll." 
Goldsmith  was  called  on  for  Retaliation,  and  he  took  it. 
"  Ketaliation  had  the  effect  of  placing  the  author  on  a  more  equal 
footing  with  his  society  than  he  had  ever  before  assumed."— SlB 
W.\i.TER  Scott. 

The  portraits  of  Garrick  and  Reynolds  in  this  poem  have 
excited  especial  .admiration. 

History  of  the  Earth  and  Animated  Nature,  8  vols.  8vo. 
"  It  is  to  science  what  his  abridgements  are  to  history;  a  book 
which  indicates  no  depth  of  research  or  accuracy  of  information, 
but  which  presents  to  the  ordinary  reader  a  general  and  interest- 
ing view  of  the  subject,  couched  in  the  clearest  and  most  beautiful 
lan^ua^e,  and  abounding  with  excellent  reflections  and  illustra- 
tioi?s.  'it  was  of  this  work  that  Johnson  threw  out  the  remark 
which  he  afterwards  interwove  in  his  friend's  epitaph. —  '  lie  is  now 
writing  a  Natural  History,  and  will  make  it  as  agreeable  as  a  Per- 
sian tale.'"— Sir  Walter  Scott.  ,    ,_     ,. 

"  I  remember  him.  when.inhisch.amberin  the  Temple,  he  showed 
the  beginning  of  bis  Animated  Nature,  it  was  with  a  sigh,  such  as 
genius'draws  when  hard  necessity  diverts  it  from  its  bent  to  drudge 
for  bread,  and  talk  of  birds  and  bea.sts  and  creeping  things,  which 
Piddock's  showman  would  have  done  as  well.  Poor  lellow!  he 
hardly  knew  an  ass  from  a  mule,  nor  a  turkey  from  a  goose,  but 
when  he  saw  it  on  the  table.  But  publishers  hate  poetry,  and 
Paternoster  liow  is  not  Parnassus. '-A'lc/iurd  Cumberland's  Me- 


"The  descriptions  and  definitions  are  often  loose  and  inaccurate, 
and  the  chief  defect  of  the  work  arises  from  its  being  a  mere  com- 
pilation from  books.  It  has  therefore  none  of  the  fie.shness  of 
personal  observation;  nothing  which  awakens  the  curiosity  and 
inspires  the  confidence  of  the  reader,  as  in  the  delightful  pages  of 
White.  Montague,  or  Rennie."— Jons  .Miipobd:  Life  of  GiMsmith. 
Yet  Mr.  Mitford  commends  the  work  highly  for  the 
beauty  of  its  style  and  justness  of  the  occasional  reflec- 
tions with  which  its  pages  arc  interspersed.  Another 
biographer,  whilst  freely  admitting  the  defects  of  this 
work,  remarks: 

"There  are  yet  m.any  passages  of  exquisite  c')H7i^rr/obsei'vation  in 
it;  and  not  a  lew  in  which  the  grace  of  diction,  the  choice  of  perfect 
and  finely-finished  imagery,  and  an  elegant  clearness  and  beauty 
in  the  tone  of  rettection,  may  compare  with  his  best  original  com- 
positions, in  poetry  or  prose." — Iohn  Forster:  Life  of  Goldsmith. 
"Goldsmith  composed  this  work  out  of  BulTon  and  others,  in  a 
manner  both  amusing  and  instructive,  although  the  scientific 
acquirements  of  the  author  were  uot  suflScient  to  guard  him 
against  numerous  errors." 

"He  died  in  the  midst  of  a  triumphant  course.  Every  year 
that  he  lived  would  h.ive  added  to  his  reputation.  There  is  assu- 
redly no  symptom  of  decadence  in  the  picturesque  pages  of  his  last 
work,  the  History  of  Animated  Nature:  a  book  which,  not  pos- 
sessing indeed  the  character  of  authority  only  to  be  granted  to 
faithful  reports  of  personal  observation,  is  yet  unequalled  foi- clear- 
ness of  expression,  and  all  the  charms  of  a  most  -lacelul  style. 
Northcote  tell  us  that  he  had  just  begun  a  novel  beloi-  bis  death; 
and  a  second  Vicar  of  Wakefield  may  have  been  buried  in  the  tomb 
of  Goldsmith."— Peof.  Butler:  Galleri/  of  lUust.  L-islnien:  Gold- 
smith :  DuU.  Univ.  Mag.,  vii.  53. 

Of  the  Animated  Nature,  the  2d  edit,  was  pub.  in  1779, 
8  vols.  Svo.  New  edit.,  1791,  8  vols.  12mo;  18114,  4  vols. 
8vo;  1800,  6  vols.  8vo.  With  corrects,  and  addits.  by  W. 
Turton,  M.D.,  1816,  6  vols.  8vo.  Natural  History  of  Birds 
and  Beasts  abridged,  1807,  12mo;  1807,  8vo;  1838,  4  vols. 
24mo;  1850,  2  vols.  r.  8vo;  1850,  18mo.  Other  eds. 
The  last  quotation  will  have  prepared  the  reader  for  the 
I  closing  scenes  of  Goldsmith's  life.  He  was  at  the  Edgewaro 
Cottage  when  he  put  the  last  touches  to  his  Animated  Na- 
ture ;  and  here  also  he  was  completing  the  Grecian  History, 
making  another  Abridgment  of  English  History  for  schools, 
translating  Scarron's  Comic  Romance,  revising  for  James 
Dodsley  (for  the  sum  of  five  guineas)  a  new  edit,  of  his 
Inquiry  into  Polite  Learning,  finishing  his  Survey  of  Ex- 
perimental Philosophy,  and  writing  his  poem  of  Retaliation. 
In  the  middle  of  March  he  arrived  in  London,  labouring 
under  severe  indisposition  produced  by  sedentary  htibits, 
and  "  continual  vexation  of  mind,  arising  from  liis  involved 
circumstances."  On  the  afternoon  of  the  2oth  ho  took  to 
his  bed;  but,  instead  of  following  judicious  counsel,  per- 
sisted, against  the  advice  of  his  physician,  in  swallowing 


GOL 


GOL 


large  doses  of  James's  Powders,  which  greatly  aggravated 
his  disorder.  "Towards  the  last  it  occurred  to  Doctor 
Turton  to  put  a  very  pregnant  question  to  his  patient, 
*  Yuur  pulse,'  he  said,  '  is  in  greater  disorder  than  it  should 
be,  fr'>m  the  degree  of  fever  which  yu  have.  Is  your 
mind  at  ease?'  '  No,  it  is  not,'  was  Goldsmith's  melancholy 
answer.  They  are  the  last  words  we  are  to  hear  him  utter 
in  this  world." 

And  now  that  death  had  forever  removed  from  his 
familiar  haunts  this  simple-hearted,  aifectionate  man, — now 
that  those  who  had  rudely  spurted  with  his  harmless 
eccentricities,  and  uften  made  him  the  "butt  of  their 
clumsy  ridicule,"  ftdt  that  they  should  see  his  face  no 
more  forever, — there  was  iinaEfected  grief,  and  hearty,  per- 
chance profitable,  contrition.  Nor  did  such  alune  mourn 
him  :  the  ghiry  of  his  age  and  of  the  English  nation,  the 
most  illustrious  statesman  and  orator  of  his  day,  burst 
into  tears  when  he  heard  the  sad  news.  The  messenger 
of  death  found  Sir  Joshua  Reynolds  in  that  studio  from 
whence  had  emanated  so  many  exquisite  conceptions  of 
the  painter's  genius : — but  the  mournful  tidings  took  his 
heart  from  his  work;  he  felt  that  his  "hand  had  lost  its 
cunning,"  laid  by  his  pencil — "  which  in  times  of  great 
family  distress"  he  had  not  been  known  to  do — and  left  the 
room  fur  the  day. 

And  there  were  mourners,  too,  of  a  different  rank  of  life 
indeed,  but  those  whose  lamentations  were  as  sincere,  and 
their  grief  as  heartfelt;  those  in  whose  sorrow  for  their 
departed  benefactor  there  is  in  our  eyes  a  value  of  no  ordi- 
nary worth,  as  in  their  prnyers  for  the  living  there  is  a 
peculiar  benediction.  AVhen  the  poor  and  the  needy,  the 
outcast  and  the  forsaken,  the  "ruined  spendthrift"  and 
the  "aged  beggar,"  heard  that  he  who  had  out  of  his  own 
poverty  ministered  to  their  necessities  should  greet  them 
no  more  with  the  voice  of  kindness  and  the  word  and  deed 
of  consolation  and  relief,  they  forgot  the  awful  distance 
which  ordinarily  excluded  them  from  the  presence  of  the 
great,  and  crowded  their  wa}'  to  his  humble  lodgings,  re- 
gardless of  the  presence  of  fashionable  friends  who  had 
come  to  take  their  "last  look  at  poor  Goldsmith." 

"On  the  stairs  of  his  apartment  there  was  the  himentation  of 
the  old  and  infirm,  and  the  sobbipg  of  wonieii ;  poor  ol  jeets  of  his 
charity,  to  whom  he  had  ne^er  turned  a  deaf  ear,  even  when 
Btruj.'glin>;  himself  with  poveity.  .  .  .  Mourners  without  a  home, 
without  domesticity  of  any  kind,  with  no  fiiend  but  him  they  had 
come  to  weep  for:  outcasts  of  that  preat,  solitary,  wicked  city,  to 
whom  he  had  never  forgotten  to  be  kind  and  charitable." 

And  the  beautiful  Jessamy  Bride,  wliora  perhaps  poor 
Goldsmith  loved  more  than  he  ever  loved  any  other 
woman, — whose  image  was  associated  with  his  happiest 
days  on  earth, — she  was  not  absent  at  this  hour  ;  the  coffin 
wjis  opened  at  her  request;  and  she  bore  away  a  lock  of 
his  hair,  which  "she  treasured  to  her  dying  day." 

'•'1  was  abroad  at  the  time  of  his  death,'  writes  Dr.  McDonnell, 
a  youth  whom  when  in  distress  he  had  employed  as  an  amanuen- 
sis, 'and  I  wept  bitterly  when  the  intelligence  first  reached  me. 
A  blank  came  over  my  heart  as  if  1  had  lost  one  of  my  nearest  rela- 
tives, and  was  followed  for  some  days  by  a  feeliug  of  despondency.'" 

"•Of  poor  dear  Uoldsniith,'  write.*;  Johnson,  three  months  after 
the  event,  'there  is  little  to  be  told  more  than  the  papers  have 
made  public.  He  died  of  a  fever,  made,  I  am  afraid,  more  vinlent 
by  uneasiness  of  mind.  His  debts  be^ran  to  be  heavy,  and  all  his 
resources  were  e.xhausted.  ^fir  Jcthua  is  of  opinion  that  he  owed 
not  less  than  two  thousand  pounds.  Was  ever  poet  so  trusted 
before  V  " 

The  unhappy  state  of  his  affairs,  thus  alluded  to,  pre- 
vented that  pompous  funeral  with  which  his  friends  pro- 
posed to  testify  their  admiration  of  his  genius  and  regret 
for  his  loss. 

He  wns  privately  interred  in  the  burial-ground  of  the 
Temple  Church  ;  but  his  monument  in  Westminster  Abbey, 
dignified  by  the  celebrated  epit,Tph  of  Johnson,  and  not 
unworthy  of  the  pen  of  the  disciple  of  Sir  Thomas  Browne, 
arrests  the  steps  of  the  contemplative  stranger  as  he  lin- 
gers in  the  aisles  of  the  departed  great.  To  that  epitaph 
who  would  not  be  willing  to  add  the  emphatic  testimony 
of  its  author  to  the  genius  of  its  subject? — "  Let  not  his 
tiiults  be  remembered  :  he  was  a  very  great  man." 

And  now,  in  the  calm  review  of  the  chequered  life  of  the 
author  of  the  Traveller  and  the  Deserted  Village,  his  happy 
childhood,  his  youth  of  suffering,  his  manhood  of  alternate 
triumphs  and  mortifications,  his  last  days  of  embarrass- 
ment and  trial,  and  his  lonely  death  among  strangers,  un- 
attended by  one  friend  of  his  early  years,  who  can  refuse 
the  tribute  of  a  tear  to  the  touching  lines  in  which  the 
stranger  and  pilgrim  on  the  earth  had  breathed  out  his 
earnest  desire  to  die  amidst  the  scenes  of  his  childhood? 
"  In  all  my  waud'riufrs  round  this  world  of  caie, 
Id  all  my  priefs — and  tlod  has  giv'n  my  share — 
1  slill  had  hopes  my  latest  hours  to  crown, 
Amidst  these  humble  bow'rs  to  lay  me  down; 


To  husband  out  life's  taper  at  the  close, 
And  keep  the  flame  from  wastinf;,  by  repose: 
I  still  had  hopes,  for  pride  attends  us  still, 
Amidst  the  swains  to  show  my  bookdearn'd  skill, 
Around  my  fire  an  eY'Ding  group  to  draw, 
And  tell  of  all  I  felt,  and  all  I  s;iw ; 
And.  as  a  hare  whom  hounds  and  horns  pursue 
Pants  to  the  place  from  whence  at  first  she  flew, 
I  still  had  hope.s  my  long  vexations  past, 
Here  to  return — and  die  at  home  at  last!" 
We  still  have  much  to  tell  of  Goldsmith, — many  illus- 
trations of  his  eccentricities,  many  anecdotes  of  his  sim- 
plicity; many  evidences  of  his  benevolence  of  heart;  but 
we  have  already  extended  his  biography   until,  like  Robin 
in  the  churchyard,  we  are  afraid  to  look  behind  us,  and 
compute  the  space.     But  let  those  who  would  find  fault 
with  us  for  dwelling  so  long  on  Oliver  Goldsmith  turn  at 
once  to   the  political  economy,  the  commerce,  the  meta- 
physics, of  our  volume.     They  are  not  at  home  here:  to 
quote  Dr.  Johnson's  character  of  his  Lichfield  friend,  their 
"  talk  is  of  bullocks."     And,  now  that  we  have  banished 
from  our  little  company  those  who  cannotsympathize  with 
the  enthusiasm  of  which  we  are  not  ashamed  and  for  which 
therefore  we  offer  no  excuse,  let  us  return  to  the  contempla- 
tion of  a  character  which  we  cannot  but  warmly  love,  even 
whilst  unable  at  all  times  to  commend. 

The  faults  of  Goldsmith,  like  the  faults  of  other  men,  are 
neither  to  be  denied  nor  excused.  His  improvidence,  his 
fondness  for  games  of  chance,  and  his  want  uf  high  moral 
and  religious  tone,  are  deeply  to  he  deplored  ;  but  that 
genuine  and  ever-flowing  benevolence  of  heart  which  few 
have  equalled,  and  perhaps  none  excelled,  calls  for  our 
unmixed  admiration  and  hearty  esteem.  Of  this  amiable 
trait  we  could  produce  many  instances; — taking  the  blankets 
from  his  own  bed  to  cover  a  poor  woman  and  her  helpless 
children;  leaving  a  gay  party  in  the  midst  of  his  amuse- 
ments, or  his  bed  in  the  dead  of  night  to  relieve  a  poor 
creature  in  the  street;  pouring  out  his  hard-earned  pro- 
fits like  water  to  supply  destitute  authors  with  the  comforts 
of  life;  spending  the  wages  of  an  usher's  servitude  in  gin- 
gerbread for  the  children  and  alms  for  those  who  lacked 
bread; — but  we  must  be  content  with  the  touching  narra- 
tive of  one  scene,  which  George  C'olman  has  himself  told 
so  well  that  we  shall  not  attempt  to  tell  it  for  him  : 

'•  I  was  only  five  years  old  when  Goldsmith  took  me  on  his  knee, 
while  he  was  drinking  coffee,  one  evenini;,  with  my  father,  and 
began  to  play  with  me:  which  amiable  act  I  returned  with  the 
ingratitude  of  a  peevish  brat,  by  giving  him  a  very  smart  slap  on 
the  face  :  it  must  have  been  a  tingler,  for  it  left  the  maiks  of  my 
little  spiteful  paw  upon  his  cheek.  This  infantile  outrage  was 
followed  by  summary  justice,  and  I  was  locked  up  by  my  indig- 
nant father  in  an  adjoining  room,  to  undergo  solitary  imprison- 
ment in  the  dark.  Here  I  began  to  howl  and  scream  most 
abominably;  which  was  no  bad  step  towards  liberation,  since 
those  who  were  not  inclined  to  pity  me  might  be  likely  to  set  me 
free,  for  the  purpose  of  aliating  a  nuisance. 

"At  length  a  generous  friend  appeared  to  extricate  me  from 
jeopardy,  and  that  generous  friend  was  no  other  than  the  man  I 
had  so  wantonly  molested  by  assault  and  battery, — it  was  the 
tender-hearted  doctor  himself,  with  a  lighted  candle  in  his  hand, 
and  a  smile  upon  his  countenance,  which  was  still  partially  red 
from  the  effects  of  my  petulance.  I  sulked  and  subbed,  and  be 
fondled  and  soothed,  till  I  began  to  btigbten.  Goldsmith,  who 
in  regard  to  children  was  like  the  Village  Preacher  he  has  so 
beautifully  described. — for 

'Their  welfare  pleased  him,  and  their  cares  distressed,' — 
seized  the  propitious  moment  of  returning  good-humour;  so  he 
put  down  the  candle  and  began  to  conjure.  He  placed  three  hats, 
which  happened  to  he  in  the  room,  upon  the  carpet,  and  a  shilling 
under  each :  the  shillings,  he  told  me,  wei-e  England,  France,  and 
ypaiu.  ■  Hey.  presto.  cockoloruQi!'  cried  the  doctor,  and,  lo!  on 
uncovering  thft  shillings  which  had  been  dispersed,  each  beneath 
a  separate  hat,  they  were  all  found  congregated  under  one.  I  was 
no  politician  at  five  years  old.  and,  therefore,  might  not  have 
wondered  at  the  sudden  revolution  which  brought  England, 
France,  and  Spain,  all  under  one  crown  ;  but,  as  I  was  also  no 
conjurer,  it  amazed  me  beyond  measure.  Astonishment  might 
have  amounted  to  awe  for  one  who  appeared  to  me  gifted  with  the 
power  of  performing  miracles,  if  the  gnod-nature  of  the  man  bad 
not  obviated  my  dread  of  the  magician  :  but,  from  that  time, 
whenever  the  doctor  came  to  visit  my  father, 

'I  pluck'd  his  gown  to  share  the  good  man's  smile;' 
a  game  at  romps  constantly  ensued,  and  wf^  were  always  cordial 
friends  and  merry  playfellows.  Our  unequal  companionship 
varied  somewhat  in  point  of  sports  as  I  grew  older,  but  it  did  not 
last  long;  my  senior  playmate  died,  alas!  in  his  forty-fifth  year, 
some  months  after  I  had  attained  my  eleventh.  His  death,  it  has 
been  thought,  was  hastened  hy  'mental  intjuietude.'  If  this 
supposition  be  true,  never  did  the  turmoils  of  life  subdue  a  mind 
more  warm  with  sympathy  for  the  misfortunes  of  our  fellow-crea- 
tures. But  his  character  is  tinmiliar  to  every  one  who  reads :  in 
all  the  numerous  accounts  of  his  virtues  and  foililes.  his  genius 
and  absurdities,  his  knowledge  of  nature  and  his  ignorance  of  the 
world,  his  'compassion  for  another's  woe'  wa.s  always  predomi- 
nant; and  ray  trivial  story  of  his  humouring  a  froward  child 
weighs  but  a  feather  in  the  recorded  scale  of  his  benevolence." 
We  should  hardly  feel  that  our  duty  as  a  biographer 

693 


.GOL 


GOL 


was  entirely  fulfilled  did  we  omit  to  nlliide  rjither  more 
fully  than  we  hiive  yet  dune  to  pour  (iol(l.-iiiiti)'.s  ineffectual 
efforts  to  shine  as  a  star  of  the  first  uKi;;nitii'le  in  that 
brilliant  galaxy  of  conversationists  which  could  at  the 
same  moment  boast  of  a  Johnson,  a  Burke,  a  Keynulds,  a 
Beauclerc,  and  a  Langtun.  Many  amusing  anecdotes  of 
Goldsmith's  colloquial  essays — not  always  unrewarded 
with  success — will  be  found  in  Boswell's  Life  of  Juhnsou, 
and  iu  other  works  which  shall  be  cited  before  we  con- 
clude our  notice. 

••  t>f  our  friend  Goldsmith  he  [Johnson]  said.  *Sir.  he  is  so  much 
afraid  of  being  unuoticed,  tliat  he  often  tallis  merely  lest  you 
should  forget  that  he  is  in  the  coDip;iny.'  BoswtLL:  'Yes,  he 
stands  forward.'  Johnson:  -True,  sir,  but  if  a  man  is  to  stand 
forward,  he  should  wish  to  do  it  not  io  au  awkward  posture,  not 
in  rajjs.  not  so  as  that  he  shall  be  exposed  to  ridicule.'  Boswell: 
'For  my  part,  1  like  very  well  to  hear  honest  tioldsmith  talk 
away  carelessly.'  Johnson  :  '  Why,  yes,  sir,  but  he  should  not 
like  to  hear  himself  The  misfortune  of  Goldsmith's  conversa- 
tion is  this:  he  goes  on  without  knowing  how  he  is  to  get  off. 
His  genius  is  great,  but  his  knowledge  is  small.  As  they  say  of  a 
generous  man,  it  is  a  pity  he  is  not  rith.  we  may  say  of  Goldsmith, 
it  is  a  pity  he  is  not  knowing.  He  would  not  keep  his  knowledge 
to  himself.  .  .  .  Sir,  he  knows  nothing,  he  has  made  up  his  mind 
about  nothing.  .  .  .  No  man  was  more  foolish  when  he  had  not  a 
pen  in  his  hand,  or  more  wise  when  be  had.  .  .  .  Goldsmith 
should  not  be  forever  attempting  to  shine  in  conversation  :  he  has 
not  temper  for  it,  he  is  so  much  mortified  when  he  fails.  Sir,  a 
game  of  jokes  is  composed  partly  of  skill,  partly  of  chance,  as  a 
man  may  be  beat  at  times  by  one  who  has  not  the  tenth  part  of 
his  wit.  Now  Goldsmith's  putting  himself  against  another,  is 
like  a  man  laying  a.  huudrcd  to  one  who  cannot  spare  the  hun- 
dred.    It  is  not  worth  a  man's  while.'  " 

Boswell  gives  us  a  characteristic  illustration  of  the 
candid  manner  in  which  Goldsmith  would  let  the  company 
know  what  was  passing  in  his  mind : 

"Goldsmith,  iu  his  diverting  simplicity,  complained  one  day, 
in  a  mixed  company,  of  Lord  Camden  : — 'I  met  him,'  said  he.  '  at 
Lord  Clare's  house  in  the  country,  and  he  took  no  more  notice  of 
me  than  if  I  had  been  an  ordinary  man.'  " 

The  laugh  which  Burke  raised  at  his  expense  on  the  occa- 
tion  of  the  visit  of  some  foreign  ladies  to  London  is  an- 
other proof  that  the  popular  poet,  the  charming  novelist, 
the  successful  dramatist,  and  the  witty  essayist,  was  not 
disposed  to  underrate  his  claims  to  public  admiration. 

It  is  natural  to  wish  to  know  something  of  the  personal 
appearance  and  social  manners  of  those  in  whose  works 
or  character  we  take  an  interest : 

*'  In  person,"  says  Judge  Day,  -  he  was  short,  .ibout  five  feet  five 
or  six  inches;  strong,  but  not  heavy,  in  make:  rather  fair  in  com- 
plexion, with  brown  hair;  such,  at  least,  as  could  be  distinguished 
from  his  wig.  His  featui-es  were  plain,  but  not  repulsive, — cer- 
tainly not  so  when  lighted  up  by  conversation.  His  manners 
were  simple,  natural,  and  perhaps  on  the  whole,  we  may  say.  not 
polished;  at  least  without  the  refinement  and  good  breeding 
whii.h  the  exquisite  polish  of  his  compositi'-us  would  lead  us  to 
exp-it  He  was  always  cheerful  and  animated,  often,  indeed, 
boisterous  in  his  mirth;  entered  with  spirit  into  convivial  society; 
contributed  largely  to  its  enjoyments  by  solidity  of  information, 
and  the  naivete  and  originality  of  his  i-haracfer;  talked  often 
without  premeditation,  and  lavighed  ]"ndly  wilhout  restraint." 

But  we  promised  to  gratify  the  reader  with  the  citations 
of  some  opinions,  in  addition  to  the  many  which  we  have 
already  recorded,  respecting  the  merits  of  several  of  Gold- 
smith's most  admired  works,  and  his  general  characteristics 
as  a  writer.  This  promise  it  now  becomes  us  to  fulfil. 
The  Vicar  of  Wakefield: 

"  Now  Herder  came,  and  together  with  his  great  knowledge 
brought  many  other  aids,  and  the  later  publications  besides. 
Among  these  he  announced  to  us  the  '  A'icar  of  Wakefield'  as  an 
excellent  work,  with  the  German  translation  of  which  he  would 
make  us  acquainted  by  reading  it  aloud  to  us  himself.  .  .  .  The 
delineation  of  this  character  [that  of  the  'excellent  Wakefield'] 
on  bis  course  of  life  through  joys  and  sorrows,  the  ever-increasing 
int-nst  of  the  story,  by  the  combination  of  the  entirely  natural 
witli  the  strange  and  the  .singular,  make  this  novel  one  of  the 
best  which  has  ever  been  written.  ...  I  may  suppose  that  my 
readers  know  this  work,  and  have  it  in  memory  ;  whoever  hears 
it  named  for  the  first  time  here,  as  well  as  he  who  is  induced  to 
read  it  again,  will  thank  me."— Goethe  :  Truth  and  Poetry ;  from 
3Ii/  Own  Life,  Eiiglis?i  trans. 

The  great  German  dwells  at  length  upon  the  merits  of 
the  work,  but  we  must  be  content  with  our  brief  quota- 
tion.    He 

••  Declared  in  his  eighty-first  year  that  it  was  his  delight  at  the 
age  of  twenty,  that  it  had  in  a  manner  formed  a  part  of  his  educa- 
tion, influencing  his  taste  and  feelings  throughout  life,  and  that 
he  had  recently  read  it  again  from  beginning  to  end,  with  re- 
newed delight,  and  with  a  grateful  sense  of  the  early  benefit  de- 
rived from  it." 

This  testimony  will  remind  the  reader  of  the  eloquent 
tribute  of  the  Great  Magician  of  the  North  : 

"The  admirable  ease  and  grace  of  the  narrative,  as  well  as  the 
pleasing  truth  with  which  the  principjil  characters  are  designed, 
make  the  Vicur  nf  Wahfuhl  one  of  the  most  delicious  morsels  of 
fictitious  composition  on  which  the  human  mind  was  ever  em- 
ployed. .  .  .  We  re.id  the  Vicar  of  Wahrfeld  in  youth  and  in  atre; 
We  return  to  it  again  and  again,  and  bless  the  memory  of  an 


author  who  contrives  so  well  to  reconcile  us  to  human  nature."— 
j>iiL  Wai.tir  Sour:  Life  of  Goldsmith. 

.  ;•  The  humanity  of  the  Vicar  of  Wakefield  is  less  deep  than  that 
of  Hoft.'rick  Kandom,  but  sweeter  tinges  of  fancy  are  cast  over  it. 
The  sphere  in  which  Goldsmith's  power  moved  was  never  very  ex- 
tensive, but  within  it  he  discovered  all  that  was  good,  and  shed 
on  it  the  tenderest  lights  of  his  sympathizing  genius.  No  one 
ever  excelled  so  much  as  he  in  depicting  amiable  follies  and  en- 
dearing weaknesses.  His  satire  makes  us  at  ouce  smile  at  and 
love  all  that  he  so  tenderly  ridicules.  The  good  Vicar's  trust  in 
monogamy,  his  son's  purehase  of  the  spectacles,  his  own  sale  of 
his  horse  to  his  solemn  admirer  at  the  tiiir,  the  blameless  vanities 
of  his  daughters,  and  his  resignation  under  his  accumulated  sor- 
rows, are  among  the  best  treasures  of  memory.  The  pastoral 
scenes  in  this  exquisite  tale  are  the  sweetest  in  the  world.  The 
scents  of  the  hay-field  and  of  the  blossoming  hedge-ivws  seem  to 
come  freshly  to  our  senses.  The  whole  romance  is  a  tenderly- 
coloured  picture, in  little,  of  human  nature's  most  genial  quali- 
ties.*'—Sir  T.  N.  Talfoup.d:  Afiscdl  Wn'timjs. 

"  It  is  needless  to  expatiate  upon  the  qualities  of  a  work  which 
has  thus  passed  from  country  to  country,  and  language  to  lan- 
guage, until  it  is  now  known  throughout  the  whole  reading 
world,  and  is  become  a  household  book  in  every  hand.  The  secret 
of  its  universal  and  enduring  populaiity  is  undoubtedly  its  truth 
to  natuie.  but  to  nature  of  the  most  amiuMe  kind;  to  nature  such 
as  Goldsmith  saw  it.  .  .  .  Rogers,  the  Nestor  of  British  literature, 
whose  refined  purity  of  taste  and  exquisite  mental  organization 
rendered  him  eminently  calculated  to  appreciate  a  woi'k  of  the 
kind,  declared  that  of  all  the  books,  which,  through  the  fitful 
changes  of  three  generations  he  had  seen  rise  and  fall,  the  charm 
of  the  Vicar  of  Wakefield  had  alone  continued  as  at  first ;  and 
could  he  revisit  the  world  after  an  interval  of  many  more  genera- 
tions, he  should  as  surely  look  to  find  it  undiminished." — Wash- 
ington Irving;  Life  of  Goldsmith. 

We  give  some  opinions  from  other  biographers  and  ad- 
mirers of  Goldsmith  : 

"  Fortunately  he  had  just  finished  his  delightful  history  of  the 
Ticar  of  Wjikefield;  a  tale  which,  if  I  may  without  presumption 
speak  my  own  opinion,  I  should  fur  sweetness  and  simplicity  of 
style,  truth  of  circumstance,  adherence  to  nature,  easy  change  of 
incident,  bright  and  clear  delineation  of  character,  apart  from  all 
violent  exaggeration,  and  command  at  once  of  the  humourous  and 
pathetic,  place  among  the  very  foremost  productions  of  fiction.  It 
has  the  truth  of  Richardson  without  his  minuteness,  and  the 
humour  of  Fielding  without  his  grossness  :  if  it  yields  to  Le  Sage 
in  the  diversified  variety  of  his  views  of  life,  it  far  excels  him  in 
the  desciiplion  of  the  domestic  virtues,  and  the  pleasing  moral 
of  the  tale." — Rev.  John  Mitford  :  Life  of  Goldsmith. 

"  With  its  ease  of  style,  its  turns  of  thought  so  whimsical  yet 
wise,  and  the  humour  and  wit  which  sparkle  freshly  through  its 
narrative,  we  have  all  of  us  profitably  amused  the  idle  or  the 
vacant  hour;  from  year  to  year  we  have  had  its  tender  or  mirthful 
incidents,  its  forms  so  homely  in  their  beauty,  its  pathos  and  its 
comedy,  given  back  to  us  from  the  canvas  of  our  Wilkes,  Newtons, 
and  Stothards,  our  Leslies,  Maclises.  and  Mulreadys;  but  not  in 
those  graces  of  style,  or  even  in  that  home  cherished  gallery  of 
familiar  faces,  can  the  secret  of  its  extraordinary  fascination  be 
said  to  consist.  It  lies  nearer  the  heart.  A  something  which  has 
found  its  way  there;  which,  while  it  amused,  has  made  us  hap- 
pier; which,  gently  inweaving  itself  with  our  habits  of  thought, 
has  increased  our  good-humour  and  charity;  which,  iu.sensibly  it 
may  be.  has  corrected  wilful  impatiences  of  temper,  and  made  the 
woild's  daily  accidents  easier  and  kinder  to  us  all:  somewhat 
thus  should  be  expressed.  I  think,  the  charm  of  the  Vicar  of 
\V<tLeJi,!d."—JoHy  FoRSTER:  Life  of  Goldsmith 

"  liis  Vicar  of  Wakefield  has  charmed  all  Europe.  What  reader 
is  there  in  the  civilized  world  who  is  not  the  better  for  the  story 
of  the  washes  which  the  worthy  Dr.  riimrose  demolished  so  de- 
liberately with  the  poker— for  the  knowledge  of  the  guinea  which 
the  Miss  Primroses  kept  unchanged  in  their  pockets, — the  adven- 
ture of  the  picture  of  the  Vicar's  family,  which  could  not  be  got 
into  the  house.— and  that  of  the  Flamborough  family,  all  painted 
%vith  oranges  in  their  hands. — or  for  the  story  of  the  case  of 
shagreen  spectacles  and  the  cosmogony?" — H.*zlitt:  Lectures  on 
the,  EmjUsh  Ports. 

•'Look  ye  now,  for  one  moment,  at  the  deep  and  delicate  hu- 
mour of  Goldsmith.  How  at  his  touch  the  veni.il  iufirmiries  and 
vanity  of  this  good  Vicar  of  Wakefield  live  lovingly  before  the 
mind's  eye!  How  we  sympathize  with  poor  jVIoses  in  that  deep 
trade  of  his  for  the  green  spectacles!  How  all  our  good  wisbes 
for  aspiring  rusticity  thrill  lor  the  showman  who  would  let  his 
bear  d.-vnce  only  to  the  genteelest  tunes!" — Whipple:  Lectures; 
Wit  and  Humour. 

The  TRAVELLEit;  a  Poem: 

"We  talked  of  Goldsmith's  Traveller,  of    which  Dr.  Johnson 
spoke  highly;  and  while  I  was  helping  him  on  with  hi';  great- 
coat, he  repeated  from   it   the  character  of  the  British  nation, 
which  he  did  with  such  energy  that  the  tear  started  into  his  eye: 
"  '  Stern  o'er  each  bosom  reason  holds  her  state, 
With  daring  aims  irregularly  great, 
Pride  in  their  port,  defiance  "in  their  eye, 
1  see  the  lords  of  human  kind  pass  by. 
Intent  on  high  designs,  a  thoughtful"  band, 
By  forms  unfashion'd,  fresh  from  nature's  hand; 
Fierce  in  their  native  hardiness  of  soul, 
True  to  imagined  light,  above  cnntroul, 
While  even  the  peasant  boasts  these  rights  to  scan, 
And  learns  to  venerate  himself  as  mam'  " 

BoswelVs  Life  ofjnhnsrm. 
Here  we  have  epigrammatic  terseness  indeed;  but  the 
character   of  a  nation   of  a  very  difterent  complexion  is 
even  still  more  concisely  expressed  : 

'There  is,  perhaps,  no  couplet  in  KmiHsh  rhyme  more  per- 
spicuously condensed  than  these  two  hnes  of  The  Traveller,  in 


«GI, 


GOL 


which  the  author  describes  the  at  once  flattering,  vain,  and  happy 
character  of  the  French. 

['They  please,  are  pleased,  thoy  f^ive  to  get  esteem, 
Till,  seeming  blest,  they  grow  to  what  they  seem.']" 

Thomas  Campbell. 

"The  Traveller  is  indeed  a  very  finished  and  a  very  noble  poem. 
The  Sentiments  are  always  interesting,  generally  just,  and  often 
new;  the  imagery  is  elegant,  picluresiiue,  and  occasionally  sub- 
lime; the  language  is  nervous,  highly  finished,  and  full  of  har^ 
mony.'' — Sir  S.  Eoerton  BRTDOEa:  Life  of  Goldsmith  in  Coisura 
LiUraria, 

"In  The  Traveller  Goldsmith  has  expressed,  in  verse  of  un- 
equalled grace,  the  philosophy  of  man  and  of  society  which  in 
other  forms  pervades  his  entire  writings.  The  docti-ine  he  dis- 
closes in  this  poetical  survey  is  the  basis  of  all  that  strain  of 
universal  tolerance  and  moderation  which  constituted  the  whole 
extent  of  his  political  and  moral  views.  And  doubtless  it  is  no 
bad  philosophy.  .  .  .  Uowever  the  philosophy  of  The  Traveller 
may  be  [tniisfd  or  censured,  there  is,  we  presume,  little  dispute 
about  thi-  pM,-try.  There  has  seldom  been  so  much  lively  and 
varied  desi-ription  comprised  in  so  small  a  space,  and  ornamented 
with  moral  assni-iatiniis  so  (tJUL'hing  and  true." — Prof,  Butler  : 
Gallety  of  Jltust.  IrixliDirn  :  Duhl.  Vviv.  Mag.,  vii.  51,  5*2. 

"The  Traveller  has  the  most  ambitious  aim  of  Goldsmith's 
poetical  compositions.  The  author,  placed  on  a  height  of  the 
Alps,  muses  and  moralizes  on  the  countries  around  hifli.  His 
object,  it  appears,  is  to  show  the  equality  of  happiness  which  con- 
-sists  with  diversities  of  circumstances  and  situations.  The  poeni 
is.  therefore,  mainly  didactic.  Description  and  retiection  are  sul>- 
servient  to  an  ethii'al  purpose,  and  this  purpose  is  never  left  out 
of  sight.  The  descriptive  passages  are  all  vivid,  but  some  of  them 
are  imperfect.  Italy,  for  instance,  in  its  prominent  aspects,  is 
boldly  sketched.  We  are  transported  to  the  midst  of  its  moun- 
tains, woods,  and  temples;  we  are  under  its  sunny  skies,  we  are 
embosomed  In  its  fruits  and  flowers,  we  breathe  its  fiagi*ant  air, 
and  we  are  charmed  by  its  matchless  landscapes;  but  we  miss 
the  influence  of  its  arts,  and  the  solemn  impression  of  its  former 
graudeur.  We  are  made  to  survey  a  uatiim  in  degeneracy  and 
decay ;  but  we  are  not  relieved  by  the  glow  of  RafTael,  or  excited 
by  the  might  of  the  Coliseum." — IIenrt  Giles:  Lectures  and  Es- 
says:  Oliver  Goldsmith. 

The  Desertep  Village;  a  Poem: 

"The  Deserted  Village  has  an  endearing  locality, and  introduces 
us  to  beings  with  whom  the  imagination  contracts  an  intimate 
friendship.  Fiction  in  poetry  is  not  the  reverse  of  truth,  but  her 
soft  and  enchanted  resemblance;  and  this  ideal  beauty  of  nature 
has  been  seldom  united  with  so  much  sober  fidelity  as  in  the 
groups  and  scenery  of  the  Deserted  Village." — Thomas  Campbell. 

'•The  Deserted  Village  is  a  poem  far  inferior  to  The  Traveller, 
though  it  cont;tius  many  beautiful  passages.  I  do  not  enter  into 
its  pretensions  to  skill  in  political  economy,  though,  in  that  respect, 
it  contains  a  strange  mixture  of  important  truths.  My  business 
is  with  the  poetry.  Its  inferiority  to  its  predecessor  [The  Traveller] 
arises  from  its  comparative  want  of  compression,  as  well  as  of  fon'o 
and  novelty  of  imagery.  Its  tone  of  melancholy  is  more  sickly, 
and  some  of  the  descriptions  which  have  been  most  praised  ai'o 
marked  by  all  the  poverty  and  flatness,  and  indeed  are  peopled 
with  the  sort  of  comic  aud  grotesque  figures,  of  a  Flemish  land- 
scape."—Sir  S.  JiGERTON  Brvdoes;  Life  of  GoUlamith  in  Censiira 
Litcrnria. 

Read  this  remarkahle  piece  of  criticism, — that  on  The 
Deserted  Village, — with  which  we  imagine  lew  readers  will 
concur. 

"ilm  the  tells  the  transport  with  which  the  circle  he  now  lived 
in  hatli-d  it.  when  they  found  tln-nisehes  once  more  as  in  another 
beloved  Wakefield;  and  with  what  zeal  he  at  once  set  to  work  to 
translate  it  into  German.  One  tribute  he  did  not  hear,  and  was 
never  conscious  of;  yet  from  truer  heart  or  finer  genius  ho  bad 
none,  ami  none  that  should  have  given  him  greater  pride.  Gray 
was  pas-ill:^  tbe  siunnier  at  Malvern  (the  last  summer  of  his  life) 
with  bis  fi  ii-nd  Ni'bi'lls.  when  the  poem  came  out;  and  he  desired 
^■ichl.)lls  f'l  read  it  alnud  to  him.  He  listened  to  it  with  fi.\ed  nt^ 
teution  from  the  beginning  to  the  end.  and  then  exclaimed,  "That 
man  is  a  poet.'  .  .  .  All  the  characteristics  of  the  first  poem  (Tbe 
Traveller]  seem  to  me  developed  in  the  second;  with  as  chaste 
simplifity,  with  as  choice  selectness  of  natuial  expression,  in  verso 
of  as  musical  cadence;  but  with  yet  greater  earnestness  of  pur- 
pose, and  a  tar  more  human  interest.  .  .  .  Within  the  circle  of  its 
claims  and  preleiisidos.  a  more  entirely  satisfactory  delightful  poem 
than  the  Deserted  \'illage  was  probably  never  written.  It  lingers 
in  the  memory  whei'e  once  it  has  entered;  and  such  is  the  soften- 
ing influence  (on  the  heart  even  more  than  the  underst.anding)  of 
the  mild,  tender,  yet  clear  light  which  makes  its  images  sn  distinct 
and  lovely,  that  there  are  few  who  have  not  wished  to  rate  it  hiL'her 
than  poetry  of  yet  higher  genius.  '  What  true  and  pretty  pastoral 
images,'  exclaimed  Burke,  years  after  the  poet's  death,  ■  has  Gold- 
smith in  his  Deseited  Villagel  They  beat  all :  Pope  and  I'hillips, 
and  Sppnscr  too.  in  my  opinion.'" — John  Forster:  Li f  •  nf  Gobi  smith. 

*'Aswg  do  not  pretend  in  this  summary  memoir  to  go  into  a 
criticism  or  analysis  of  any  of  Goldsmith's  wi-itiugs.  we  shall  not 
dwell  upon  the  peculiar  merits  of  this  poem;  we  cannot  help  no- 
ticing, however,  how  truly  it  is  a  mirror  of  the  author's  heart,  and 
of  all  the  fond  pictures  of  early  fiiends  and  early  life  forever  present 
there.  It  seems  to  us  as  if  the  very  last  acmunts  received  fimn 
home,  of  his  ■  shattered  family,' and  tin- di-s<.]:itinn  that  siemed  to 
have  Settled  upon  the  haunts  of  his  <qiildli"T.,i-  ii;id  cut  to  the  ronts 
one  fondly-cherished  hope,  and  produced  the  fuUuwiug  exquisitely 
tender  and  mournful  lines: 

"'III  all  my  wand'rings  round  this  world  of  care, 
In  all  my  griefs — and  God  has  giv'n  my  share' — 

[Quotation  continued  to  and  including  the  line  "  Here  to  return 
and  die  at  home  at  last."] 

••How  touchingly  expressive  are  the  succeeding  lines,  wrung 
from  a  heart  which  all  the  trials  and  temptations  and  hutTetings 


of  the  world  could  not  render  worldly;  which,  amid  a  thousand 
follies  and  errors  of  the  head,  still  retained  its  childlike  innocence; 
and  which,  doomed  to  struggle  on  to  the  last  amidst  the  din  and 
turmoil  of  the  metropolis,  had  ever  been  cheating  itself  with  a 
dream  of  rural  quiet  aud  seclusion  : 

'"Oh  bless'd  retirement!  friend  to  life's  decline, 
Ketreats  from  care  that  never  must  he  num.' " 

[Quotation  continued  to  and  including  the  line  "His  heaven 
commences  ere  the  world  be  past."] 

Washinoton  Iryixg:  Life  of  Goldsmith. 

"Yet  even  tbe  Traveller  had  not  shewn  the  perfection  which 
Goldsmith's  genius  was  capable  of  attaining.  It  remained  for  him 
still  to  present  to  his  countrymen  a  poem  which  contains  a  more 
accurate  portraiture  of  nature  in  one  of  its  sweetest  phases,  a  more 
profound  pathos, and  a  more  exquisite  selectlonof  affecting  images 
than  any  production  of  its  class  in  this  or  in  any  other  language." 
— Prof.  Butler:  Gallery  of  lllust.  Irishmen:  GoklsmUh:  Jjubl. 
Univ.  Mag.,  vii.  b'2. 

The  Citizen  of  the  World  ;  or,  Letters  of  a  Chinese 
Philosopiiek. 

'■  Goldsmith's  Citizen  of  the  World.  like  all  his  works,  bears  the 
stamp  of  the  author's  mind.  It  does  not  'go  about  to  cozen  repu- 
tation without  the  stamp  of  merit.'  He  is  more  observing,  more 
original,  more  natural  and  picturesque  than  Johnson.  His  work 
is  written  on  the  model  of  the  Persian  Letters,  and  contrives  to 
give  an  abstracted  and  somewhat  perplexing  view  of  things,  by 
opposing  foreign  prepossessions  to  our  own,  and  thus  stiipping 
objects  of  their  customary  disguises.  Whether  truth  is  elicited  in 
this  collision  of  contrary  absurdities.  I  do  not  know;  but  I  confess 
the  process  is  too  amliiguous  and  full  of  intricacy  to  be  very  amu.s- 
ing  to  my  plain  understanding.  For  light  summer  reading  it  is  like 
walking  through  a  garden  full  of  traps  and  pitfalls.  .  .  .  Beau  Tibbs, 
a  prominent  character  in  this  little  work,  is  the  best  comic  sketch 
since  the  time  of  Addison;  uniivalleil  in  his  fancy,  his  vanity, 
and  his  poverty." — Hazlitt:  On  tin'  I'e  rim  Heal  Essayists. 

'■  If  in  any  of  his  writings  Goldsmith  could  be  truly  said  to  have 
echoed  the  measured  tone  of  Johnson,  it  was  probably  in  his  most 
varied  and  agreeable  Citizen  of  the  World;  a  work  written  at  a 
period  when  his  geiiius  was  scarcely  yet  independent  enough  to 
allow  of  abjuring  allegiance  to  tbe  reigning  powers  of  literature. 
Yet  even  here  an  imitation  is  but  sometimes  perceptible,  and  when- 
ever it  occurred  was.  perhaps,  only  the  involunt.iry  work  of  the 
ear  taking  up  the  rich  and  elaborate  harmony  which  it  was  most 
accustomed  to  hear,  and  which,  in  those  days,  was  seldom  heard 
unaccomjianied  liy  unqualified  manifestations  of  almost  rapturous 
applause.  ...  Of  that  g,ay  and  sparkling  facetiousuess  whi<h  he 
himself  was  wont  to  admire  so  highly  in  other  writers,  the  instances 
in  this  collection  are  innumerable." — Prof,  Butler:  Gallrry  of 
lllust.  Irishmen:  Goldsmith:  Dubl.  Univ.  Mtrg.,  vii.  44,  45. 

Having  thus  given  copious  quotations  from  eminent 
authorities  respecting  the  best-known  of  tbe  productions 
of  Goldsmith,  we  imagine  that  tbe  reader  will  not  be  dis- 
pleased if  we  enlarge  our  article  by  citing  opinions  on  tho 
general  characteristics  of  an  author  so  justly  distinguished 
and  so  general  a  favourite. 

"  A  man  of  such  variety  of  powers,  and  such  felicity  of  per- 
formance, that  he  always  seemed  to  do  best  that  which  he  was 
doing;  a  man  who  had  the  ai-t  of  being  minute  without  tedious- 
ness,  and  general  without  confusion ;  whose  language  was  co)>ious 
without  e.\uberance.  exact  without  constraint,  and  easy  without 
weakness." — Dr.  Johnsox  :  Life  if  Dr.  Parnell. 

"Whether,  indeed,  we  take  him  as  a  poet,  as  a  comic  writer,  or 
as  a  historian,  be  stinds  in  the  first  class.  ...  He  deserved  a  place 
in  Westminster  Abbey ;  and  every  year  he  lived  would  have  de- 
served it  better.'' — Dr.  Johnson  :  Lip  by  BnsioeU. 

On  another  occasion,  when  Goldsmith's  character  was 
attacked  by  some  who  were  dining  at  Sir  Joshua  Rey- 
nolds's, Johnson  exclaimed  with  warmth,  *'  Is  there  a  man, 
sir,  now,  who  can  pen  an  essay  with  such  ease  and  elegance 
as  Dr.  Goldsmith  ?" 

"Tbe  wreath  of  Goldsmith  is  unsullie.I;  be  wrote  toexalt  virtu© 
and  expose  vice;  and  he  accomplished  bis  task  in  a  niannerwhich 
raises  him  to  the  highest  rank  among  British  authors.  We  close 
his  volume  with  a  sigh  that  such  an  author  should  have  written 
so  little  from  the  stores  of  his  own  genius,  and  that  he  should  have 
been  so  prematurely  removed  from  the  sphere  of  literature  which 
he  so  highly  adorned." — Sir  Walter  Scott:  Life  <f  Gi'ld smirk. 

"Goldsmith,  both  in  verse  and  pro.se,  was  one  of  the  most  delight- 
ful writers  in  the  language.  Ills  verse  flows  like  a  limpid  stream. 
His  ease  is  quite  unconscious.  Every  thing  in  him  is  spontaneous, 
unstudied,  unaffected;  yet  elegant,  harmonious,  graceful,  and 
nearly  taultless.  ...  As  a  poet,  he  is  the  most  flowing  and  elf};-int 
of  our  versifiers  since  Pope,  with  traits  of  artless  nature  which 
Pope  had  not.  and  with  a  peculiar  felicity  in  his  turns  upon  words, 
which  he  constantly  repeated  with  delightful  effect." — IIxzlitt. 

"As  for  Goldsmith  and  Chun-hill,  whatever  they  have  ajipeared 
to  owe  to  Pope,  they  are  remembered  and  admired  for  what  they 
possessed  independent  of  him,  each  having  wealth  enough  of  his 
own  to  be  a  freeholder  of  Parnassus,  after  paying  off  any  mortgage 
on  his  little  estate  due  to  that  enormous  capitalist." — Jas.  Mont- 
GOMERV :  Lect.  on  Mod.  Eng.  Lit. 

"  Goldsmith  I  have  ah'eady  had  occasion  to  mention  several  times 
in  the  course  of  these  Lectures,  as  the  various  classes  of  Ji^nglish 
Poetry  in  which  he  has  written  have  come  under  our  review.  He 
now  appears  before  us  in  the  character  of  a  Didactic  Poet;  and 
what  can  I  say  of  him  better  than  by  repeating  the  true  and  elo- 
quent eulogium  in  bis  Kpitapb? 

'Nullum  quod  tetigit  non  ornavit.' 
The  'Traveller*  and    "The  Deserted  Village'  scarcely  claim  any 
notice  from  me.     They  are  in  every  one's  hands;    they  live  in 
every  one's  memory ;  they  are  felt  in  everyone's  heart;  they  are 
daily  the  delight  of  millions." — Henet  Neele:  Lects.  on  Eng.  L'oei. 

6Dd 


GOL 

"There  is  something  in  Goldsmith's  prose  that,  to  my  ear  is 
uncommonly  sweet  and  harmonious;  it  is  clear,  simple,  easy  to  be 
understood;  we  never  want  to  read  his  periods  twice  over,  except 
lor  the  pleasure  it  bestows;  obscurity  never  calls  us  hack  to  a 
repetition  of  it.  That  he  was  a  ptwt  there  is  no  doubt;  but  the 
paucity  of  his  verse  does  not  allow  us  to  rank  him  in  that  hi-h 
station  where  his  genius  might  have  carried  him.  There  must  be 
bulk,  \aiiety.  and  grandeur  of  dcsiin  to  constitute  a  first-rate 
poet.  — IticiiARD  CUMEERL.tND:  Memoirs. 

Prof.  Butler  criticizes  Cumberland's  comments— the 
whole  of  which  we  have  not  quoted,  and  the  reader,  we 
think,  will  be  gratified  with  the  professor's  comments  :  see 
Gallery  of  Illust.  Irishmen  ;  Goldsmith  ;  Dub.  Univ.  Mag., 
vii.  52,  5.'i.  See  also  Sir  S.  Egerton  Bryilges's  criticism 
on  Cumberland's  comments;  Censura  Literaria. 

"Goldsmith,  Cowper,  Burns,  are  all  original,  and  all  uneiiualled 
In  their  w;iy.  Falconer  is  another  whose  works  will  last  forever.'" 
—Robert  .Southey:  Life  and  Carresp.;  LetUr  to  G.  C.  Bedford 
Afril  13,  1806. 

'■Where  is  the  poetry  of  which  one-half  is  good?  Is  it  the 
^neidt  is  it  Miltnn's?  is  itDryd^msf  is  it'anv  one's  except  Bijie's 
and  Goldsmith's,  of  which  all  is  good?'— ioirf  Biirrni  to  Miirrau 
April  23,  1820.  " 

"  His  pictures  may  be  small,  may  be  far  from  historical  pieces, 
amazing  or  confounding  us;  may  be  even,  if  severest  criticism 
will  have  it  so.  mere  happy  tableaux  de  genre  hanging  up  against 
our  walls:  but  their  colours  are  exquisite  and  unfadingT  they 
have  that  fiimiliar  sweetness  of  household  expression  which  wins 
their  welcome  alike  where  the  rich  inhabit,  and  in  huts  where 
poor  men  lie;  and  there,  improving  and  gladdening  all.  they  are 
likely  to  hang  for  ever."— John  Forster:  i?/e  ,/  GolUsmitli. 

Washington  Trying — the  very  sight  or  sound  of  whose 
beloved  name  never  fails  to  excite  pleasing  emotions  in 
thousands  of  bosoms  at  home  and  abroad — in  the  preface 
to  his  Life  of  Goldsmith  pays  the  following  be.autiful 
tribute  to  his  author: 

"  For  my  own  part,  I  can  only  regret  my  shortcomings  in  what 
to  me  is  a  labor  of  love ;  for  it  is  a  tribute  of  gratitude  to  the 
memory  of  an  author  whose  writings  were  the  delight  of  my  child- 
hood and  have  been  a  source  of  enjoyment  to  me  thioughout  life  ; 
and  to  whom,  of  all  others,  I  may  address  the  beautiful  .ipostropho 
of  Iiaut«  to  Virgil : 

"  '  Tu  se'  lo  mio  maestro,  e  '1  mio  autore  : 
Tu  se'  solo  colui  da  cu'  io  tolsi 
Lo  hello  stile,  che  m"  ha  fatto  onore.'  " 
"The  prose  of  Goldsmith  is  the  model  of  perfection,  and  the 
standard  of  our  language;    to  equ.al  which  the  elTorts  of  most 
would    be  vain,  and   to    exceed   it,  every  expectation  follv  " — 
Headley. 

"Goldsmith  is  one  of  the  most  various  and  most  pleasing  of 
English  writers.  He  touched  upon  every  kind  of  excellence,  and 
that  with  such  inimitable  grace,  that  where  he  liiiled  of  originality 
most  he  had  ever  a  freshness  and  a  charm." — Mrs.  ,S.  C.  Hall. 

"But  ncine  of  us  probably  ever  thiuk  of  weighing  his  political 
opinions,  or  his  claims  to  the  title  of  a  great  philosophical  poet 
His  fame  and  inHuence  depend  on  neither.  We  are  not  gratefui 
to  him  because  he  possesses  extraordinary  poetical  power.  There 
Is  so  much  of  genuine  feeling,  just  thought,  true  description,  and 
sound  moral  distinction,  in  these  poems,  [The  Traveller  and  The 
Deserted  \'illage,]  the  language  is  so  clear,  the  strain  so  liquid, 
the  general  style  not  quite  magnificent,  but  yet  of  such  an  easy, 
natural  elevation  and  dignity,  that  they  glide  into  our  affections 
and  memory  in  youth,  and  are  never  displaced,  we  apprehend,  by 
the  more  exciting  pleasures,  the  more  subtile  and  complicated 
conceptions,  which  we  owe  in  later  years  to  poetry  of  a  iiir  hi^-hcr 
and  infinitely  more  varied  character."— E.  T.  Channing  :  JV.  Amer 
lim.,  xlv.  91-110. 

_  It  would  not  be  difficult  to  greatly  extend  our  quota- 
tions,—indeed  the  difficulty  is  to  refrain  from  quoting, 
■with  so  many  authorities  yet  unnoticed  at  our  elbow; 
but  there  must  be  an  end  to  the  longest  article,  and  this 
is  already  sufficiently  extenderl.  Of  the  three  principal 
biographies  of  our  author  we  have  already  discoursed  at 
some  length  in  our  notice  of  John  Forster,  to  which  the 
reader  is  referred. 

Of  edits,  of  Goldsmith's  histories,  the  Vicar  of  Wake- 
field, the  Deserted  Village,  and  The  Traveller,  the  name 
is  legion.  His  Poet,  and  Dramat.  Works  were  first  col- 
lected and  pub.  in  1780,  Lon.,  2  vols.  12mo;  17SB,  8vo  ; 
1791,  2vols.  12mo;  1808,  Svo;  1816.  Miscell.  Works,  with 
Life  and  Essays,  Perth,  1792,  7  vols.  12mo.  With  Life 
and  Writings,  Lon.,  1801,  4  vols.  Svo;  1S06,  5  vols.  12mo; 
1807,  4  vols.  8vo  ;  1812,  4  vols.  Svo  ;  1820,  4  vols.  Svo. 
But  these  and  all  preceding  edits,  were  thrown  into  the 
shade  in  1836  by  the  publication  of  Prior's  edit,  of  Gold- 
smith's Miscellaneous  Works,  with  Life  of  the  Author,  6 
vols.  Svo.  Contents:  Vol.  I.  The  Bee  :  Es.says  ;  Present 
State  of  Polite  Learning,  Ac. ;  Prefaces  and  Introduction. 
IL  Citizen  of  the  World;  Introduction  to  the  Study  of 
N.atural  History.  IIL  Vicar  of  Wakefield ;  Biographies 
of  Voltaire,  Nash,  Parnell,  and  Bolingbroke  :  Miscella- 
neous Criticism.  IV.  Poems;  The  Good-Natured  Man; 
She  Stoops  to  Conquer;  The  Grumbler;  Criticism  relating 
to  Poetry  and  the  Belles- Lettres.  V.,  VI.  Prior's  Life  of 
Goldsmith. 

"This  is  the  only  complete  edition  containing  additions  made 
to  previous  collections  of  Goldsmith,  which  perhaps  it  would  be 


GOL 

safe  to  say  constitute  nearly  one.half  of  the  collection  in  the  pre- 
sent edition.  This  edition  is  the  only  one  having  anvjuet  claim 
to  a  pl.ve.  as  embodying  the  full  perfofmances  of  Goldsmith,  and  as 
the  fair  exponent  of  his  genius." — Lort.  Quar.  Rev. 

The  same  eminent  authority  commends  the  letters  of 
Goldsmith,  collected  by  Mr.  Prior's  indefatigable  industry, 
in  researches  extending  from  1826  to  1S;J6  : 

"No  poet's  letters  in  the  world. not  even  those  of  Cowper.  ap- 
pear to  us  more  interesting  for  the  light  they  thr-ow  on  tbe  habits 
and  feelings  of  the  man  that  wrote  them:  and  we  think  it  will  also 
be  ackuowledged  that  the  simple  gracefulness  of  their  language  is 
quite  worthy  of  the  author  of  the  Vicar  of  Wakefield.  We  may 
differ  from  many  of  our  readers  as  to  all  the  rest,  but  we  are  con- 
fident that  if  .Mr.  Prior  had  done,  and  should  do.  nothing  else,  the 
services  he  h.as  rendered  to  literature  by  recovering  and  recording 
these  beautifully  characteristic  effusions  would  be  enough  to 
secure  honour  to  his  memory.  And  who  will  not  be  rejoiced  to 
hear  that  in  one  instance  at  least  the  best  secondary  monumeut 
of  a  great  Irish  genius  has  also  been  erected  by  an  liish  hand?" 

Mr.  Prior  doubtless  richly  deserves  all  that  can  be  said 
in  praise  of  his  labours;  but  even  his  excellent  edition  of 
the  Works  of  Goldsmith  has  been  superseded  within  the 
last  year  or  two  by  Peter  Cunningham's  edition,  1854, 
4  vols.  Svo,  forming  the  first  issue  of  Murray's  British 
Classics.  For  an  account  of  this  edition,  see  Cunningham, 
Peter. 

Of  the  many  be.autiful  editions  of  The  Vicar  of  W.ake- 
field,  we  must  especially  note  the  one  embellished  with 
thirty-two  Illustrations  by  Wm.  Mulready,  Lon.,  184.'!, 
cr.  Svo. 

"  It  is  the  nearest  to  perfection  of  any  volume  that  has  hitherto 
issued  from  the  British  press."— ioi!.  Art.  Union  Jour.,  Jan.  1843, 
"  One  of  tbe  most  beautiful  editions  of  any  standard  author 
that  has  appeared  for  many  years,  and  decidedly  the  best  which 
has  ever  been  published  of  this  deservedly  popular  English  clas- 
sic."—Fni(erf  Service  Gazette,  Jan.  7,  1843. 

"  Briefly,  we  have  no  hesitation  in  asserting  the  superiority  of 
these  designs  as  works  of  art  illustrative  of  family  lite  over  every 
thing  that  has  been  done  in  recent  times  either  in  France  or  Qer^ 
many,  or  our  own  country." — Lon.  Athenantm,  Jan.  21,  1843. 

The  reader  must  also  procure  the  editions  of  the  "Vicar 
of  Wakefield,  illustrated  respectively  by  Westall,  Richter, 
Thoni.is,  and  Absolon.  We  must  also  notice,  as  a  v.aluable 
companion  to  the  modern  editions  of  Goldsmith's  Works, 
an  edition  of  his  Poetical  Work.s,  with  Remarks  attempt- 
ing to  ascertain  from  local  observation  the  actual  scene 
of  the  Deserted  Village,  embellished  with  seven  illustra- 
tive engravings,  by  Mr.  Aitkin,  from  dr.awings  taken  on 
the  spot.  By  the  Rev.  R.  H.  Newell,  B.D.,  1811.  4to.  Nor 
must  the  collector  of  a  (Joldsmith  Library  consider  that 
he  has  done  justice  to  his  design  until  he  can  number 
among  his  treasures — a  fit  companion  for  the  Deserted 
Village,  illustrated  by  the  Etching  Club,  before  noticed — 
the  beautiful  edition  of  The  Poetical  Works  of  our  great 
author,  illustrated  by  Wood  Engravings  from  the  designs 
of  G.  W.  Cope,  A.R.A.  ;  Thomas  Creswick,  A.R.A.;  J. 
C.  Horsley;  R.Redgrave,  A.R.A. ;  and  Fred.  Taylor, 
members  of  the  Etching  Club ;  with  a  biogr,aphical 
Memoir,  and  Notes  on  the  Poems.  Edited  by  Bolton 
Corney,  1845,  Svo.  This  beautiful  volume  has  been 
already  noticed.     See  Coknev,  Bolton. 

Wo  have  referred  to  that  h.appy  individual  of  good  taste 
and  excellent  judgment, — perhaps  yon  claim  the  appella- 
tion, gentle  reader, — the  collector  of  a  "Goldsmith  Li- 
brary." Ho  will  thank  us  for  indicating  sources  of  in- 
formation, in  addition  to  any  little  aid  our  humble  labours 
m,ay  have  afTorded  him,  respecting  his  favourite  author. 

Let  him  then  consult — Life  prefixed  to  (ioldsmith's 
Works,  Lon.,  1801,  also  1807,  4  vols.  Svo,  principally 
written  by  Bishop  Percy;  Johnson's  and  Chalmers's  Eng- 
lish Poets,  1810;  Life  by  Sir  S.  Egerton  Brydges,  in  the 
Censura  Literaria,  vol.  vii.,  2d  ed.,  1815;  Chalmers's  Biog. 
Diet.;  Life  by  Rev.  John  Mitford;  Life  by  James  Prior; 
Life  by  John  Forster;  Life  by  Washington  Irving; 
Northcote's  Life  of  Sir  Joshua  Reynolds ;  Cradock's  Me- 
moirs;  Davies's  Life  of  Garrick;  Boswell's  Life  of  John- 
son; Miss  Hawkins's  Anecdotes;  Colman's  Random  Re- 
cords; Cumberland's  Memoirs;  Northcote's  Conversations; 
Hawkins's  Life  of  Johnson  ;  Prof.  Butler's  Gallery  of  Illust. 
Irishmen,  in  Dubl.  Univ.  Mag.,  vii.  26-54;  Do  Quincey's 
Essays  on  the  Poets,  Ac. ;  various  authorities  quoted  from 
or  referred  tu  iu  preceding  pages;  also  the  fullowin" 
articles:— in  Edin.  Rev.,  Ixv.  108,  lxx.\viii.  102;  Lon.Quar! 
Rev.,  Ivii.  149;  N.  Brit.  Rev.,  ix.  100;  N.  Amcr.  Rev.,  (by 
E.  T.  Channing.)  xlv.  91,lxx.  265;  Bl.ickwood's  Mag., 
Ixvii.  137,  297,  liii.  771;  Eraser's  Mag.,  xv.  387;  South. 
Lit,  Messenger,  (by  H.  T.  Tuckcrmiin,)  vi.  207. 
Goldsoil,  Wm.  Catechism,  Lon.,  1595,  Svo. 
Goldson,  U'ni.  Medical  Treatises,  Lon.,  I7S7,  1S04, 
'05.  Observ.  on  the  Passage  between  tbe  Atlantic  and 
Pacific,  Portsm.,  1 793,  4to.  Prefixed  is  a  historical  abridg- 
ment of  discoveries  in  the  north  of  America. 


GOL 


GOO 


Goldwcll,  Charles,  Reason's  Metamorphosis  and 
Restnratinn.  &c..  I'Ml. 

Goldwell,  Henry.  A  Briefe  Declaration  of  the 
Shews.  I>evii_es,  Ae.  before  the  Quecuc's  Mnjestie  and  the 
J'rench  Ambassadors  in  Whitsun  weekc,  loSl. 

"Only  oiif  ''"pv  known." — Lnwndes^s  Bibl.  Mini. 

Sold  at  different  times  at  £6  6«  to  £S  ISv  6c/.  It  is  re- 
printed in  Nichols's  Progresses  of  Q.  Elizabeth. 

Goldwin,  Wm.  Serms.,  1707-Sl.  Poet.  Descrip.  of 
Bristol,  17ol,  8vo.     Revised  by  T.  Smart. 

Golledge,  John.  1.  Adam's  Death.  Lon.,  1789,  '90, 
Svo.     2.   Ahx.  Crumbie's  Phil.  Necess.,  1799,  12mo. 

Golovin,  Ivan,  b.  ISIO,  in  Russia,  educated  at  Berlin 
and  Heidelberg;  was  exiled  by  the  Czar  in  1843,  and  be- 
came a  naturalized  Englishman  in  \Si6.  1.  Political 
Science  to  teach  Sovereigns  how  to  Govern.  2.  Russia 
under  Nicholas.  1845.  This  w()rk  attracted  considerable 
attention  throughout  Europe,  and  was  translated  into  seve- 
ral languages.  3.  The  Russian  Political  Catechism.  4, 
Memoirs  of  a  Russian  Priest.  5.  The  Caucasus  and  the 
Nations  of  Russia  and  Turkey,  1S33.  He  visited  the  U.S. 
in  1S55.  and  pub.  a  series  of  Letters  in  the  N.Y.  Tribune, 
and  the  Nat.  Intelligencer,  at  Washington.  On  his  return 
to  England,  he  issued  a  volume  entitled  (G)  Stars  and  Stripes; 
or,  American  Impressions. 

Golt.  Divine  Hist,  of  the  Genesis  of  the  World,  1670, 4to. 

Golty,  Richard.     Serm.,  Lon.,  IGSS,  4ti>. 

Gomersal,  or  Goiner^all,  Robert,  n;00-1646,  a 
native  of  London,  educated  at  Christ  Church,  0.\f.,  became 
Vicar  of  Thornconibe,  Devonshire.  1.  The  Levite's  Re- 
venge, containing  Poetical  Meditations  on  Judges,  chaps. 
iix.  and  xx.,  Lon.,  162S,  '33,  Svo.  2.  Lodowick  Sforza,  Duke 
of  Milan  ;  a  Tragedy,  1628,  '32,  12mo.  With  No.  1,  ^c, 
1633,  '38,  12mo. 

"  He  was  esteemed  excellent  for  dramatic  poetry." — Athen.  Ozon. 

3.  Serms.  on  1  Pet.  ii.  13-16,  Camb..  1634,  4to. 

'*A  very  tlorid  preacher."  See  Bliss's  ed.  of  Athen.  Oxon.,  where 
will  be  found  a  ppeciinen  of  tJomersall's  poetry. 

Goniersall,  Mrs.  A,  1.  Eleanora;  a  Nov.,  Lon., 
1789.  2  vols.  12ino.  2.  The  Citizen;  a  Nov.,  1790,  '91,  2 
vols.  12nio.     3.  The  Disappointed  Heir,  1796,  2  vols.  12mo. 

Gonim,  James.  Narrative  of  Events  in  St.  Marcou, 
Lon..  ISUI,  '07,  8vo. 

Gomni,  John.  Hist.  Inquiry  resp.  the  performance 
on  the  Hiirp  in  the  Highlands  of  Scotland,  1807,  4to. 

Gompertz,  Benj.     Mathematics,  1817,  Ac. 

Gonipertz,  John.  1.  Time,  or  Light  and  Shade;  a 
Poem,  4to.  2.  The  Modern  Antique,  or  The  Muse  in  the 
Costume  of  Queen  Anne;  a  Poem,  Svo.  See  Anti-Jac. 
Rev.,  Nov.  ISIS.     3.  Devon;  a  Poem,  Svo. 

Gouson,  Sir  John.     Charges  to  Juries,  1728,  '29,  *fee. 

Gonzales,  3Ianoel.  Voyage  to  Great  Britain. 
This  will  be  found  in  vol.  i.  of  Osborne's  Voyages,  and 
in  vol.  ii.  of  Pinkerton's  Voyages  and  Travels.  It  was 
written  by  an  Englishman — perhaps  by  Daniel  Defoe. 

Gooch,  Benjamin,  D.D.,  an  eminent  surgeon.  Sur- 
gery, Lon.,  1758,  Svo.  Enlarged,  Norw.,  1767,  2  vols.  Svo. 
Appendix,  Lon.,  1773,  Svo.  Profess,  con.  to  PhiL  Trans., 
I7H9.  7.'). 

Gooch,  Bernard.  The  Whole  Art  of  Husbandrie, 
Lon.,  1614,  4to.  We  find  this  in  the  Bibl.  Brit.,  but 
doubtless  it  is  Barnaby  Googe's  Eouro  Bookes  of  Hus- 
bandrie. 4th  ed. 

Gooch,  Eliza  S.  V.  R.     Novels,  &c.,  17SS-1804. 

Gooch,  Robert,  M.D.,  1784-1830,  a  native  of  Yar- 
mouth, practised  in  Croydon,  and  subsequently  in  Lon- 
don, (from  ISU,)  with  great  reputation  and  success. 
1.  Diseases  peculiar  to  Women,  Lon.,  1829,  Svo.  3  eds. 
have  appeared  in  America. 

''Distinguished  in  a  very  uncommon  degree  for  originality, 
precision,  aud  vigour  of  thought." — Dr.  Fergusson:  Lon.  Qiiar. 
Eev.,  sli.  K3-1S3.     Read  this  interesting  essay  on  iusanity,  Ac. 

"The  most  valuable  work  on  that  subject  iu  any  language;  the 
chapters  on  puerperal  fever  and  puerperal  madness  are  pruhably 
the  most  important  additions  to  practical  medicine  of  the  present 
age." — Lives  »/  Bi-ilish  r/it/sidans. 

2.  Women  and  Children,  Svo.  3.  Compendium  of  Mid- 
wifery, prepared  by  George  Skinner,  12mo.  4  eds.  in 
America. 

'■Among  these  great  masters  [of  medical  science]  Robert  Gooch 
will  always  staod  pre-eminent." — Amer.  Jour.  Med.  Science. 

'■Never  was  a  man  more  desirous  of  doing  all  in  his  jiower  to- 
wards diuiiuishing  the  sum  of  human  misery." — Kobert  Southet: 
Life  and  O/rresp.,  q.  v. 

Gooch  was  a  contributor  to  the  Lon.  Quar.  Rev.,  and 
pub.  iu  that  periodical  some  valuable  papers  on  the  Plague, 
Anatomy,  Ac.  See  Lives  of  Brit.  Physicians,  No.  14  of 
Murray's  Family  Library. 

Gooch,  Sir  Thomas,  Bart,  d.  1754;  Bishop  of  Bris- 
tol, 17tJ7 ;  trans,  to  Norwich,  1738;  to  Ely,  1748.     1.  Serm., 


1711,  4to.     2.  Funl.  Serm.,  \1\?>,  Svo  and  4to.     3.  Fast 
Serm.,  1740.  4to. 

Gooch,  Rev.  W.  General  View  of  the  Agricult.  of 
Cambridgeshire,  Lon.,  1811,  Svo. 

'■  The  work  is  very  neatly  performed,  and  in  a  superinr  manner. 
The  authnr  shows  a  very  liberal  spirit  on  agiicultural  pnlicy.  and 
much  sound  knowledge  on  piactical  subjects.'" — Donaldson's  Agi'ir 
cult.  Biiiij. 

Good,  B.     Hanover  Treaty,  Lon.,  1727,  Svo. 

Good,  J.  E.     Serm.  on  the  Mount,  1829,  Svo. 

"Thfse  lectures  are  very  perspicuous,  resembling  windows  of 
clear  rather  than  painted  glass;  they  are  of  very  convenient 
length,  and  much  like  a  pious  and  beuevolent  companion,  who, 
if  he  travels  with  you  but  a  shoit  way,  gives  you  much  and  ;ood 
informalinn." — Lwn.  Bnptist  Mag. 

Good,  Joliii.    Works  ..n  Dialling.  Lon..  1711,  '30,  Svo. 

Good,  John  Mason,  M.D.,  17fi4-1827.  one  of  the 
most  probnindly  learned  Englishmen  of  modern  days,  waa 
a  native  of  Epping,  Essex,  and  the  son  of  a  dissenting  mi- 
nister. At  tifteen  he  was  i)hiced  apprentice  with  a  surgeon 
at  Gosport,  and  in  17S4  coninienced  praclice  at  Sudbury. 
In  171*3  he  removed  to  London,  where  he  practised  as  a 
surgeon  and  apothecary,  and  in  1S20,  having  received  a 
diploma  from  the  University  of  Aberdeen,  became  a  phy- 
sician. An  interesting  biographical  sketch  of  Dr.  G.  will 
be  found  in  the  Lou.  Gent.  Mag.  for  March,  IH27  ;  and  a 
Memoir  of  his  Life  was  pub.  by  his  friend  Dr.  Olinllius  Gre- 
gory, Lon.,  1S2S,  Svo.  1.  Maria;  an  Elegiac  Ode,  Lon., 
1786,  4to.  2.  Diseases  of  Prisons  and  Poor-Houyes,  1795, 
12mo.  3.  Hist,  of  Medicine  as  far  as  it  relates  to  the  pro- 
fession of  an  Apothecary,  1795,  12mo.  4.  Piuish  Work- 
houses, 179S,  1805,  Svo.  5.  Address  to  the  Corp.  of  Sur- 
geons, 1800,  Svo.  6.  Song  of  Songs,  or  Sacred  Idyls, 
Trans,  from  the  Hebrew,  with  notes  crit.  and  explan., 
1803,  Svo. 

"Dr.  Good  considers  the  Song  of  Solomon  neither  a  continued 
epithalamium  nor  a  regular  drama,  but  a  collection  of  idyls  on  a 
common  subject, — the  loves  of  the  Hebrew  monarch  and  his  fair 
bride.  Into  the  mystical  design  of  the  poem  (though,  with 
Lowth  and  liorner.  he  believed  it  to  h:tve  one)  he  enters  little; 
so  that  the  spirituality  of  the  liibie  nowhere  appears  in  the  version 
or  the  notes.  Admitting  his  hypothesis  to  be  cori-ect.  and  con- 
sidering the  Song  of  Songs  merely  as  an  oriental  collection  of  love- 
songs,  Dr.  Goods  version  cannot  be  denied  the  praise  of  elegance 
and  general  accuracy.  He  fir.st  gives  a  kind  of  literal  prose  trans- 
lation, and  then,  on  the  opposite  page,  a  metrical  version.  'J'he 
notes  follow  at  the  end,  and  di.splay  a  great  prolusion  of  ancient 
and  modern  learning.  As  lar  as  religion  is  concerned,  however, 
tUe.reader  may  as  well  cousult  the  odes  of  Horace  or  the  pastorals 
of  Virgil."— Orjne'ji  Bild.  Bib. 

"So  much  elegant  learning  and  successful  illustration  we  have 
seldom  seen  within  so  email  a  compass  as  the  presL'Ut  volume." — 
Brit.  Crit.,  O.  S.,  xxvi.  454,  455.  See  also  Lou.  Mouth.  Hev.,  N.  S., 
xivii.  oUi2-or.i. 

7.  Triumph  of  Britain;  an  Ode,  1S03.  S.  Memoirs  of 
the  Life  and  Writings  of  Alex.  Geddes,  LL.D.,  1803,  Svo. 
See  Geddes,  Alexander,  LL.D.  9.  The  Nature  of  Thing.s; 
a  Didactic  Pt.iem,  trans,  from  the  Latin  of  Titus  Lucretius 
Cams,  with  the  original  text  and  Notes  philolog.  and  es.- 
plan.,  1805-07,  2  vols.  4to. 

"  A  noble  translation;  the  notes  contain  a  vast  vaiiety  of  mis- 
cellaneous literature." — DR.CLAUtiE. 

■'These  vast  volumes  are  more  like  the  work  of  a  learned  Ger- 
man professor,  than  of  an  ungraduated  Knglishman.  They  dis- 
play e.stensive  eiudilion,  considerable  judgment,  and  some  taste; 
yet,  upon  the  wliolo,  tbey  are  e.\tremely  heavy  and  uninteresting, 
and  the  le^iding  emnti^ju  they  excite  in  the  reader  is  that  of  sym- 
pathy with  the  fatigue  the  author  must  have  undergone  in  the 
compilation.  .  .  .  The  truth  is,  that  Mr. Good,  though  very  intelli- 
gent, is  veiy  indiscriminate  in  the  selection  of  his  informalion; 
and  though,  for  the  most  part,  sufticiently  candid  and  judicious  in 
his  remarks,  is  at  the  same  tini.-  iutnlerably  dull  and  tedious.  He 
has  no  vivacity;  no  deii.acy  of  t;i,-ie  or  fancy;  very  little  origi- 
nality ;  Jiud  a  gift  of  extreme  piolixity.  His  prose  is  better  than 
bis  poetry  ;  his  reasonings  are  mojo  to  be  trusted  to  than  his  criti- 
cism; and  his  statements  and  explanations  are  of  more  value  than 
his  argument." — Lmui  Jeffrey:  Bdin.  Bev.,  x.  217-".i34. 

*' Almost  every  polished  langu.age,  Asiatic  as  well  as  European, 
is  laid  under  coutiibution;  and  the  versions  which  uniformly 
accompany  the  numerous  parallelisms  and  i|Uotations  are.  for  the 
most  part,  executed  iu  a  masterly  style," — Lon.  Gent.  Mug.,  xcvii. 
277. 

10.  Oration  on  the  Structure  and  Physiology  of  Plants, 
1808,  Svo.  11.  Essay  on  Medical  Technology.  ISIO,  Svo. 
This  essay  gained  the  Fothergillian  Medal.  12.  The  Book 
of  Job  literally  trans,  from  the  Hebrew  and  restored  to  its 
natural  arrangement;  with  Notes  crit.  and  ilhist.,  and  an 
Introduct.  Dissert.,  1S12,  Svo.  A  critique  on  this  version 
appeared  in  the  Eclectic  Kev.  for  Feb.  1816;  to  this  Dr. 
Good  replied,  and  a  rejoinder  followed  in  the  number  for 
Dec.  ISIG. 

"Ko  work  of  criticism  in  the  language  affords  such  a  display  of 
acquaintance  with  ancient  and  modei-n  languages.  ...  Dr.  Good  is 
a  firm  believer  in  the  antiquity  of  the  book,  contends  that  Moses 
was  the  writer  of  it,  and  that  it  contains  the  great  pi  iuciples  of  the 
patriarchal  faith.  .  .  .  His  translation  is  the  most  valuaMe  work  on 
Job  in  the  English  language,  and  must  materially  assist  any  iniii- 

097 


GOO 


GOO 


vidiiftl  in  the  interpretation  of  that  difficult  book."— Orwi^'s  Btht. 
Bib. 

"On  the  whole,  we  rejrard  this  work  as  a  valuable  accession  to 
our  stock  of  sacred  literature ;  and  we  can  recommend  it  with  con- 
fidence to  th«  bililical  student,  as  contaiiiinj;  a  great  mass  of  use- 
ful information  and  valuable  criticism." — Lon.  Christian  Obaervej; 
sii.  306. 

13.  New  ed.  of  Mason's  Self-knowledge;  with  a  Life  of 
the  Author  and  Notes,  1812,  8vo.  Dr.  Good's  mother  was 
Miss  Pejto,  the  favourite  niece  of  John  Mason.  14.  A 
Physiological  System  of  Nosology,  1SI7,  8vo. 

"It  bids  fair  to  supersede  every  attempt  which  has  hitherto  been 
made  in  the  difficult  provinces  of  medical  technology  and  sys- 
tematic arrangemeut." — Lmi.  Gent.  Mag.,  xcvii.  277. 

15.  Sketch  of  the  Revolution  in  1688.  16.  In  conjunc- 
tion with  Olinthus  Gregory,  LL.D.,  editor,  and  Newton 
Bosworth,  Pautalogia ;  or  Encyclopaedia,  comprising  a  Ge- 
neral Dictionary  of  Arts,  Sciences,  and  General  Literature, 
pub.  periodically,  completed  in  1813.  12  vols.,  with  neaily 
400  engravings,  r.  Svo,  X20.  17.  The  Study  of  Medicine, 
1822,  4  vols.  Svo ;  3d  ed.,  1832,  5  vols.  8vo,  i3  15s. ;  edited 
by  Samuel  Cooper,  M.D.,  F.K.S.,  Prof,  of  Surgery  in  the 
Univ.  of  London,  «fcc. 

'•If  the  general  tenor  of  his  book  ....  (what  seems  to  me  to 
be  the  fact)  ....  be  so  excellent  that  no  other  modern  system  is, 
on  the  whole,  half  so  valuable  as  the  Study  of  Mediciue.  it.s  imper- 
fections will  be  induli^ently  re','arded  by  every  liberal  critic,  and 
its  genuine  merit  warmly  admired." — Dr.  Cooper,  the  edit<jr. 

*■  The  additions  to  the  text  and  notes  by  Mr.  Cooper,  as  may  have 
been  expected,  are  numerous  and  valuable,  and  the  eutire  work 
merits  our  most  unqualitied  recommendation.  The  surgeon  who.^e 
library  contains  Good's  t>tudy  of  Medicine,  and  Cooper's  Surgical 
Dictionary,  need  look  around  him  for  little  more  that  is  either 
scientitic.  useful,  or  practical,  in  any  branch  of  his  profession." — 
Lon.  Lancet,  'Ho.  304. 

'*  ^Ve  hare  no  hesitation  in  pronouncing  the  work,  beyond  all 
conip:iiison.  the  best  of  its  kind  in  the  English  language." — Lon. 
M'dici>-Chirurg.  Rt-v. 

'•  As  a  work  of  reference,  at  once  systematic  and  comprehensive, 
it  has  no  rival  in  medical  literature." — Lon.  Mxl.  Gaz. 

American  ed.  pub.  by  Harpers,  N.  York,  2  vols.  Svo,  with 
Notes  by  A.  S.  Doane,  M.D.,  &c.  18.  The  Book  of  Nature, 
1826,  3  vols.  Svo;  3d  ed.,  corrected,  3  vols.  fp.  Svo. 

Contents. — Vol.  L  Nature  of  the  Material  World,  and 
the  Scale  of  Unorganized  and  Organized  Tribes  that  issue 
from  it.  On  Matter  and  a  Material  World;  on  Geology j 
on  Organized  Bodies,  and  the  Structure  of  Plants  compared 
with  tliat  of  Animals;  on  the  Principle  of  Life;  on  the 
Bones,  &c.;  on  the  Digestive  Functions;  on  the  Circula- 
tion of  the  Blood;  on  the  Processes  of  Nutrition;  on  the 
External  Senses  of  Animals.  Vol.  II.  Nature  of  the  Ani- 
mate World;  its  Peculiar  Powers  and  External  Relations; 
Means  of  Communicating  Ideas;  Formation  of  Society. 
Vol.  III.  Nature  of  the  Mindj  its  General  Faculties  and 
Furniture. 

"  This  volume  i.s  designed  in  take  a  systematic,  but  popular,  sur- 
vey of  the  most  interesting  features  of  the  general  science  nf  na- 
ture, for  the  purpose  of  elucidating  what  has  been  fuund  obscure, 
controverting  and  correcting  what  has  been  felt  erroueous,  and 
developing,  by  means  of  original  views  and  hypotheses,  mm-h  of 
■what  yet  remains  to  be  more  satisfactorily  explained." — Prrfuce. 

*'The  work  is  certainly  the  best  Philosophical  digest  of  the  kind 
which  we  have  seen." — Li>n.  Month.  Reo. 

19.  Thoughts  on  Select  Texts  of  Scripture,  12mo. 
20.  Historical  Outline  of  the  Book  of  Psalms,  by  Neale, 
Svo;  by  Henderson,  1854,  Svo.  Dr.  Good  contributed  many 
papers  to  the  periodicals  of  the  day,  and  was  for  some  time 
editor  of  the  Analytical  and  Critical  Review,  and,  we  be- 
lieve, of  the  New  Annual  Register,  and  the  Gallery  of  Na- 
ture and  Art.  His  review  of  the  Junius  controversy — see 
our  article  on  Junius — is  one  of  the  finest  pieces  of  criti- 
cism of  modern  times.  There  are  few  names  that  cast 
greater  lustre  upon  the  archives  of  British  Medical  Science 
and  philological  learning  than  that  of  John  Mason  Good. 
Good,  Kev,  Joseph.  Poems,  Lon.,  1792,  Svo. 
Good,  Thomas,  D.D.,  Master  of  Baliol  Coll.,  Oxf. 
Fermiauus  et  Dubi  tan  tins ;  or,  Dialogues  concerning 
Atheism,  Infidelity,  and  Popery,  Oxf.,  1671,  Svo. 

Good,  Thomas,  Rector  of  Ashley,  Worcestershire. 
Thanksgiving  Serm.  on  Matt.  v.  9,  1715,  4to. 

Good,  Thomas.  Speech  in  H.  of  Commons,  1800, 
8v... 

Good,  Wm.     Measurers  and  Tradesman's  Assistant, 

Edin.,  1775,  Svo. 

Goodacre,  Robert.   Educational,&c.works,lS03-12. 

Goodal,  or  Goodall,  Walter,  17116-1766.  a  Scotch 

antic^uary,  a  native  iy(  Banffshire,  educated  at  King's  Coll., 

Aberdeen,  became    librarian  of  the  Advocates'    Library, 

Edinburgh,  and  assisted  Thomas  Ruddimau  in  compiling 

the  catalogue  of  that  library  upon  the  plan  of  the  Biblio- 

theca  Cardinalis  Imperialis;  it  was  pub.  in  1742,  fob    1.  An 

Exam,  of  the  Letters  said  to  be  written  by  Mary  Queeu  of 

Scots  to  James,  Earl  of  Bothwell,  shewing  by  intrinsic 

69a 


evidence  that  they  are  forgeries.  Also  an  Enquiry  into  the 
Murder  of  King  Henry,  Edin.,  1751,  2  vols.  Svo.  2.  An 
edit,  with  Eniendatory  Notes  of  Sir  John  Scott's  Stagger- 
ing State  of  Scots  Statesmen,  1754.  3.  An  Introduc.  to 
the  Hist,  and  Antiq.  of  Scotland,  Lon.,  1769,  Svo;  Edin., 
1773,  12mo.  Originally  written  in  Latin,  and  prefixed  to 
hisedit.  of  Forduu's  Scotichronicon  :  see  Fokdun,  John  De. 
*'  His  edition  of  Fordun  was  not  executed  with  judgment." 

He  contributed  also  a  Pref.  and  Life  to  Sir  J;imes  Bal- 
four's Practicks,  and  some  articles  to  Keith's  New  Cata- 
logue of  Scotch  Bishops. 

Goodall,  Baptist,  merchant.  The  Tryall  of  Trauell; 
or,  1.  The  Wonders  in  Trauell.  2.  The  Wortlies  of  Trauell. 
3.  The  Way  to  Trauell.  In  three  boukes  Epitomized,  Lon., 
1630,  4to.  A  poetical  work  of  40  leaves.  Sir  M.  M.  Sykes, 
Pt.  1,  1329,  £5.     Bibl.  Anglo-Poet.,  314.  £12  12s. 

Goodall,  Charles,  M.D.  1.  The  College  of  Physi- 
cians vindicated  against  the  Corner  Stone,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1674, 
'76,  Svo.  2.  Hist,  of  the  Roy.  Coll.  of  Physicians,  &c., 
1684,  4to.  3.  Hist.  Acct.  of  the  Colb's  proceedings  against 
Empyrics,  Ac,  16S4,  4to. 

Goodall,  Charles.  Poems  and  Translations,  Lon., 
1689,  Svo.     Anon. 

Goodall,  Henry,  D.D.,  Archdeacon  of  Suffolk  and 
Preb.  uf  Norwich.     Serins.,  1741,  '51,  '60. 

Goodall,  John.  Liberty  of  the  Clergy  by  the  Laws 
of  the  Realm.     Printed  tii^q>'ll^n.  VIII.  by  R".  Weir. 

Goodcole,  Rev,  lienry.  1.  Eras.  Robinson,  Lon., 
1618,  4to.  2.  The  Prodigal's  Tears,  1620,  Svo.  3.  Prayers, 
Ac,  1620,  Svo.  4.  London's  Cry,  1620,  4to.  5.  Eliz.  Saw- 
yer, 1621,  4to. 

Goode,  Francis.  1.  The  Better  Covenant,  5th  ed., 
Lon.,  1S48,  fp.  Svo.  Highly  commended.  2.  Serms.  on 
Doctrine,  Practice,  and  Experience,  1838,  Svo.  3.  Serm. 
before  the  Ch.  Miss.  Soc.  1838,  Svo.  4.  Watch-Words  of 
Gospel  Truth,  12mo.     5.  Posthumous  Serm?.,  Svo. 

Goode,  Wm,  1.  Serm.,  Lon.,  1645,  4to.  2.  Serm., 
1646,  4to. 

Goode,  Wm.,  1762-1816.  a  native  of  Buckingham, 
entered  of  Magdalen  Hall,  Oxf.,  1780  ;  succeeded  Mr.  Ro- 
maine  as  Rector  of  St.  Ann's,  Blackfriars,  London,  1795. 
1.  A  New  Version  of  the  Book  of  Psalms,  Lon.,  ISll,  2 
vols.  Svo. 

"A  useful  help  to  the  devotional  understanding:  of  the  Psalms, 
which  are  here  translated  into  Enj^lish  verse,  and  in  various 
metres." — llm-ne's  Bibl.  Brit. 

*■  The  poetical  execution  of  Goode's  version  never  rises  above 
mediocrity." — Loti.  Eclectic  Rev, 

2.  Essays  on  all  the  Scriptural  Names  and  Titles  of 
Christ,  1822,  6  vols.  Svo. 

'■A  most  valuable  elucidation  of  all  the  Scriptural  Titles  of  the 
Redeemer." — L<ywtide.s's  Bnt.  Lih. 

"A  valuable  work  for  ministers; — a  mine  for  composition  of 
sermons." 

3.  Eight  Serms.,  separately  pub.,  1795,  <fec.  See  a  me- 
moir of  Mr.  Goode  by  W.  Goode.  Svo. 

Goode,  Wm.,  Rector  of  Allhallows  the  Great  and 
Less,  London,  has  pub.  several  treatises  against  the  doc- 
trines of  the  Oxford  Triicts,  and  on  other  subjects.  Lou., 
1834-52.  Among  the  best-known  of  his  works  are — 1.  The 
Extraordinary  Gifts  of  the  Spirit,  1834,  Svo.  2.  The 
Established  Church,  1834,  Svo.  3.  Tracts  on  Church 
Rates,  1840,  Svo.  4.  The  Divine  Rule  of  Faith  and  Prac- 
tice, 1842,  2  vols.  Svo;  2d  ed.,  1853,  3  vols.  Svo. 

'■  This  very  able  work  if  a  defence  of  the  great  Protestant  prin- 
ciple of  the  sufficiency  of  holy  scripture,  in  opposition  to  the  doc- 
trine of  Dr.  Pusfy  and  his  party,  who  claim  for  tradition  a  co- 
ordinate authority  with  the  written  word  of  God.  It  is  one  of  the 
able  publicatiuus  of  the  day." — Dr.  E.  Williams's  C.  P. 

5.  Two  Treatises  on  the  Church,  by  Drs.  Jackson  and 
Sanderson,  and  a  Letter  of  Bp.  Cosin.  With  Introduc. 
Remarks,  1843,  sm.  Svo. 

'■Seasonable  truth  a;iainst  Tractarians." — Bickersttth's  C.  S. 

6.  Tract  XC.  historically  refuted,  1845,  Svo.  7.  Doc- 
trine of  the  Ch.  of  Eng.  as  to  the  effects  of  Baptism  in  the 
case  of  Infants,  1849,  Svo.  8.  Aids  for  determining  some 
Disputed  Points  in  the  Ceremonial  of  the  Ch.  of  Eng. ;  2d 
ed.,  1S51,  Svo,  9.  A  Vindication  of  the  Doctrine  of  the 
Ch.  of  Eng.  on  the  Validity  of  the  Orders  of  the  Scotch 
and  Foreign  Non-Episcopal  Churches,  in  three  pamphlets : 
I.  A  General  Review  of  the  Subject :  II.  A  Reply  to  Chur- 
ton  and  Harrington,  &c.,  2d  ed. ;  III.  Reply  to  Bp.  of  Exe- 
ter, ic;  3d  ed.,  1852,  Svo.  10.  Letter  to  Sir  W.  P.  M'ond, 
Q.C.,  M.P.,  rel.  to  the  Prayer  Book;  2d  ed.,  with  the 
Answer  of  Sir  W.  P.  Wood  and  the  Author's  Reply,  1852, 

I  Svo. 

I  Goodenough,  Samuel,  LL.D.,  1743-1827,  educated 
,  at  Christ  Cliurch,  Oxf.;  Canon  of  Windsor,  1798;  Dean 
1  of  Rochester,  1802;  Bishop  of  Carlisle,  1808. 


GOO 

"lift  is  but  jitaf  promote.l.  to  the  satisfaction  of  all  who  know 
him.  an.l  to  the  shaiilr  of  thnse  who  so  Ion;:  ne;:lected  him. 

'•Quis  trrt-uiic  Eiu-eladi  aocti.[ue  r,\Lj;M"Nis  atfert  Quantum 
GRAMM-iTiccs  Meruit  Labor '(" — Pursuits  nf  Literature,  ed.  1S08,  p. 
332. 

1.  Serm.,  1809,  4to.  2.  Serra.,  1812.  3.  Con.  in  Nat. 
Hist,  to  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  1792,  '95,  '98.  See  a  Biog. 
Sketch  of  Bp.  (i.  in  Lon.  (icnt.  Mag.,  xcvii.  366,  367. 

GoodenoWf  John  j>I.  Amer.  Jurisp.  in  Contrast 
with  the  Doet.  of  Eng.  Com.  Law,  Steuben.,  Ohio,  1819, 
8vo. 

'•The  professed  ol'.iect  of  the  author  is  to  prove  that  the  Courts 
in  Ohio  were  not  ywissessed  of  Common  Law  Jurisdiction,  and  more 
espeeially  iu  the  case  of  crimes  and  offences  at  Common  Law.  The 
hook  is  exceedinjcly  scarce,  less  than  one  hundred  copies  having 
been  piinted." — Marvin's  Lf'j.  BUjl.;  GriJJHh's  Law  Reff.,3SS;  12 
Amcr.  Jttr.,  SSi. 

Goodfellow,  J.  Universal  Directory;  or.  Complete 
P.  Assistant  for  Masters  of  Ships,  Ac,  Lon.,  1779,  Svo. 

Goodhugh,  Will.,  a  learned  bookseller  of  London, 
d.  1842,  aged  13.  1.  Crit.  Exam,  of  Bellamy's  Trans,  of 
the  Bible,  1822.  2.  Gate  to  the  French,  It;iliiin,  and  Span- 
ish Languages  unlocked.  3.  Gate  to  the  Hebrew,  Arabic, 
and  Syriac  unlocked  by  a  new  and  easy  method  of  learn- 
ing the  Accidents,  1827,  Svo.  4.  The  English  Gentle- 
man's Library  Manual;  or,  A  Guide  to  the  Formation  of 
a  Library  of  Select  Literature,  accompanied  with  original 
Notices,  Biograjdiical  and  Critical,  of  Authors  and  Books, 
1S27,  8vo.  This  volume  does  not  exhibit  a  very  compre- 
hensive catalogue  of  books,  but  contains  some  good  criti- 
cism and  several  interesting  items  of  literary  history. 
5.  A  Course  of  XII.  Lectures  on  the  Study  of  Biblical  Lite- 
rature, Lon.,  1838,  8vo.  Re-issued  under  the  title  of  Lec- 
tures on  Biblical  Literature. 

"An  admirable  manual  of  topics  connected  with  the  history  and 
interpielatiMU  of  the  Scriptures.  The  autlior  not  only  discovers  a 
Lnui-Lthle  entliusiasm  for  his  subject,  but  he  treats  it  like  a  master." 
—Lmi.  Ihniinij.  M'tj. 

'■  It  is  with  much  plea.sure  we  aeain  meet  a  frentlcman  to  whom 
the  theological  world  is  undergreat  oblii^ations  for  the  very  masterly 
manner  iu  which  he  exjiosed  the  incompetency  of  .John  Bellamy 
to  the  task  of  improving  the  received  version  of  the  Bible.  .  .  . 
We  warmly  recommend  this  work  [the  Lectures]  to  the  attention 
of  all  who  would  render  themselves  familiar  with  the  literature 
of  the  Bible." — Lon.  Evaiujd.  Mag.,  1S3.S.  5tt5. 

6.  The  Bible  Cyclopedioe.  Mr.  G.  only  lived  to  prepare 
this  work  to  the  letter  R.  It  was  pub.  in  2  vols.,  fol.  He 
had  been  engaged  in  its  compilation  for  the  three  years 
preceding  his  death.  In  1840  he  issued  proposals  for  a 
society  to  be  calleil  the  Dugdale  Society,  for  the  elucida- 
tion  of  Brilish  Family  Antiquity.  But  the  project  was 
not  encouraged. 

Goodiiige,  Tlios.  Law  ag.B'krupts,1719,'29,  '41,  Svo. 
Goodi!>oii,  Will.  An  Hist,  and  Topog.  Essay  upon 
the  Islands  of  Corfu,  Leucadia,  Cephalonia,  Ithaca,  and 
Zante,  Lon.,  1822,  Svo,  pp.  267,  with  Maps  and  Sketches. 
'•An  interestiog  little  volume,  containing  much  curious  matter 
not  unworthy  the  attention  of  the  scholar  and  the  antiquary." — 
Loiimdiis's  Bthl.  Man. 

Goodlad,  Wm.  Absorbent  System,  Lon.,  1814.  Svo. 
Goodniiiii,  Christopher,  1520?-1001?  a  Puritan 
divine,  educated  at  Brasenose  Coll.,  0.vf.,  was  a  prominent 
advocate  of  the  Reformation  in  Scotland.  1.  How  far  Su- 
perior Powers  ought  to  be  obeyed  of  their  Subjects,  Ge- 
neua,  1568,  16mo. 

"An  absurd  and  factious  pamphlet  against  Queen  Mary."  See 
Warton's  Hist,  of  Kng.  Poetry. 

'■Christopher  Goodman  almost  filled  up  every  chapter  in  this 
book  with  railing  speeches  against  the  Queen,  [Mary  of  England.] 
and  stirr'd  up  the  people  to  rebel  against  her." — Heylin's  Hist,  of 
the  I^e/annation. 

2.  A  Commentary  upon  Amos.  Wood  erroneously  as- 
cribes to  Goodman  John  Knox's  book,  entitled  The  First 
Blast  of  the  Trumpet  against  the  Monstrous  Regiment  of 
Women.  For  accrmnts  of  Goodman,  see  Knox,  John; 
Bliss's  Wood's  Athen.  Oxon. ;  Strype's  Life  of  Parker; 
Scott's  Lives  of  the  Scotch  Reformers ;  Peck's  Desiderata, 
■vol.  i. 

'•  The  truth  is.  Goodman  was  a  most  violent  nonconformist,  and 
for  rigidness  he  went  tieyond  his  friend  Calvin,  who  remembers 
and  mentions  him  in  his  epistles.  1561." — At/ten.  Oxon. 

Goodman,  Godfrey,  1583-1655,  an  English  prelate, 
"and  the  only  one  who  forsook  the  Church  of  England 
for  that  of  Rmne  since  the  Reformation,"  was  a  native 
of  Ruthvyn,  Denbighshire,  and  educated  at  Westminster 
School  and  Trin.  Coll.,  Camb. ;  Dean  of  Rochester,  1620; 
Bishop  of  Gloucester,  1625;  suspended  by  Archbishop 
Laud,  1639 :  soon  after  his  suspension  he  became  a  member 
of  the  Church  of  Rome.  He  pnb.  a  treatise  on  the  Fall 
of  Man,  1624,  4to;  Animad.  on  Hakcwill  on  Providence, 
Ac;  but  is  best  known  to  modern  readers  by  his  Hist,  of 
his  Own  Times,  comprising  Memoirs  of  the  Courts  of  Eliza- 


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beth  and  James  I.;  edited  from  the  original  MSS.  by  John 
S.  Brewer,  Lon.,  1839,  2  vols.  Svo. 

"  An  amusing  and  useful  pntflicafion,  abounding  in  anecdotes 
illustrative  of  the  puldic  characters  of  the  latter  end  of  Klizabeth's 
reign,  and  during  the  reign  of  James  I.  The  bishop  was  a  shrewd 
observer,  and  relates  his  tacts  and  observations  in  a  sensible, 
lively,  and  unaffected  style." — Lon.  Times. 

Goodman,  James.     Serm.  on  Ps.  Ixxvi.  4. 

Goodman,  John,  D.D.,  Rector  of  Hadham,  Herts, 
and  Archdeacon  of  Middlesex,  pub.  a  Discourse  on  .\uri- 
cidar  Confession,  (see  Gibson's  Preservative,  i.  10:)  The 
Penitent  Pardtmed.  1679,  4to,  often  reprinted  ;  some  serms. 
and  other  theolog.  treatise.?,  1674-97. 

Goodman,  Tobias,  a  Jewish  Rabbi.  Trans,  of  Rabbi 
Judias's  Investigation  of  Causes,  Ac. ;  containing  theolog. 
sentences,  Lon.,  1808,  12mo. 

Goodrich,  Rev.  Charles  A.,   of  Hartford,   Conn. 

1.  Lives  of  the  Signers  to  the  Declaration  of  Independence, 
Hartford,  1829,  8vo,  pp.  469;  Lon.  and  N.  York,  1836.  Svo. 

2.  Hist,  of  the  U.  States  of  America.  New  ed.,  Boston, 
1852,  12mo,  pp.  425.  The  last  ed.  of  this  excellent  work 
brings  d<iwn  the  history  to  July  15,  1850.  3.  Family 
Sabbath  Day  Miscell.any,  Phila.,  1855,  12mo.  4.  A  Geo- 
graphy of  tlie  Chief  Places  mentioned  in  the  Bible,  and 
the  Principal  Events  connected  with  them,  New  York, 
ISmo,  pp.  19j.     Other  works. 

Goodrich,  Charles  B.  Lowell  Lectures:  The 
Science  of  Government,  as  exhibited  in  the  Institutions 
of  the  United  Stales  of  America,  Boston,  1S53,  Svo.  The 
value  of  expositions  of  this  character — when  ability, 
accuracy  of  statement,  and  popularity  of  style,  are  com- 
bined— ^cannot  be  too  highly  estimated;  and  in  Mr.  Good- 
rich's work 

"The  powers  of  the  general  government  and  the  relations  of 
the  Federal  and  State  authorities  and  laws  are  very  carefully  and 
thoroughly  stated  and  explained.  It  m:ikes  an  admirable  book 
of  reference,  and  is  not  encumbered  with  legal  technicalities  or 
the  repulsive  show  of  dry  learning." 

Goodrich,  Charles  R.,  of  Flushing,  Long  Island, 
d.  1855,  studied  medicine,  but  never  practised. 

•'  His  attainments  as  chemist  and  naturalist  were  extensive  and 
accurate." 

1.  The  World  of  Science,  Art,  and  Industry,  Illustrated 
with  500  drawings  from  the  New  York  (1853)  Exhibition. 
Edited  by  Prof  B.  SiUimau,  Jr.,  and  C.  R.  Goodrich,  N. 
York,  1854,  4to. 

"An  exceedingly  handsome  work,  got  up  with  much  taste  and 
spirit." — Lim.  Art  .Journal. 

2.  Practical  Science  and  Mechanism  Illustrated.  Edited 
by  C.  R.  Goodrich,  aided  by  Professors  Hall,  Silliman,  Jr., 
Ac,  1854,  4to.     This  work  professes  to  be 

"  A  careful  and  laborious  analysis  of  the  present  state  of  Science 
and  the  Arts  throughout  the  world,  with  import,ant  statistical 
filets  posted  up  to  the  present  time.  [1S54.]" 

The  statistics  of  Coal  and  Minerals  presented  are  of 
great  value  to  tlie  practical  reader. 
I      Goodrich,  Chauncey  A.,  D.D.,  b.  Oct.  23,  1790, 
I  at  New  Haven,  Conn.,  graduated  at  Y'ale  College  in  1810. 
In  1812  he  became  a  tutor  in  that  institution,  and,  at  the 
request  of  President  Dwight,  prepared  a  Greek  Grammar, 
i  which  was  extensively  used  in  the  schools  and  colleges 
of  New  England.     This  was  followed  by  Greek  Lessons, 
and  Latin  Lessons,  designed  to  lead  the  pupil  by  regular 
stages  into  a  knowledge  of  the  ancient  languages,  on   a 
plan  afterwards  applied  to  modern  languages  by  Ollen- 
dorff.    After  two  years  spent  in   tlie  ministry,  he  was  ap- 
'  pointed  in  1817  Professor  of  Rhetoric  and  Oratory  in  Y'ale 
College,  the  duties  of  which   office,  in   part,  he  still  per- 
1  forms,  in  connection  with   those  of  the  professorship  of 
Pastoral  Theology,  to  which  post  he  was  appointed  in 
1839.      In   1S20  he  was  elected   President   of   Williams 
College,  Massachusetts,  but    declined    the   office.      Soon 
after  the  publication  of  Dr.  Noah  Webster's   (father-in- 
law  to   Dr.  Goodrich)  American   Dictionary  in   1828,   he 
I  superintended  an  abridgment  of  the  work,  pub.  in  r.  Svo, 
'  for  general  use  ;  and,  with  the  author's  consent,  coutbrined 
the  orthography,  in  most  respects,  to  that  which  has  been 
commonly  received  in  the  United  States.  In  1S47  he  pub. 
a  revision  of  both  the  4to  .and  Svo  dictionaries,  with  large 
additions,  the  Jesuit  of  many  years  of  labour,  in   which 
he  was  aided  by  his  colleagues,  Messrs.  Silliman,  Olm- 
sted, Ac.     See   N.  Amer.  Rev.,  Ixvi.  256,  257.    For  a  num- 
ber of  years  Prof    G.   discharged   the   duties   connected 
with  the  editorship  of  the  Quarterly  Christian  Spectator. 
But  perhaps  the  most    important  contribution  made  by 
him  to  the  literature  of  the  age  is  his  vol.  entitled  Select 
British  Eloquence,  embracing   the  Best  Speeches  Entire 
of  the  most  eminent  Orators  of  Great  Britain  for  the  last 
two  Centuries,  with  Sketches  of  their  Lives,  an  Estimate 

699 


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of  their  Genius,  and  Notes  Critical  and  Explanatory,  N. 
York,  1852,  8vo,  pp.  947. 

'■  This  bulky  volume  performs  more  than  it  promises.  It  is  not 
only  a  collection,  made  with  excellent  taste  and  jiid<:ment,  of  the 
beet  specimens  of  English  eloquence,  whether  parliamentary, 
forensic  or  popular,  but  the  biojrr^iphical  and  iliustrative  matter 
annexed  is  copious  enousrh  to  form  a  tolerably  complete  political 
history  of  Kn^Oand  from  Queen  Anne's  time  to  the  present  day. 
At  any  rate,  a  full  acquaintance  with  the  contents  of  this  volume, 
taking  the  speeches  and  the  commentary  to;rether.  would  be  a 
Very  useful  appendajje  to  that  kuowlediie  of  the  political  events 
of  the  period  which  may  be  derived  from  works  professedly  his- 
torical or  biographical  in  their  character.'" — N.  Amcr.  Jicv.,  Jxxvi. 
253-255. 

Having  perused  this  volume  with  care  as  well  as  de- 
light, we  are  able  to  fully  endorse  the  preceding  com- 
mendation. No  student  of  history,  biogrnphy,  political, 
forensic,  or  sacred  eloquence,  should  be  without  this  work. 
Those  who  have  not  seen  it  will  be  surprised  to  learn  that 
Prof.  G.  gives  us  in  this  one  volume  one-sixth  more  of 
matter  than  is  contained  in  Chiipman's  Select  Specclics,  or 
Williston's  American  Eloquence,  in  5  vols.  8vo  each.  It 
comprises  the  substance  of  Prof.  G.'s  lectures  on  the  great 
English  orntors. 

"A  distinct  volume,"  the  author  remarks,  "would  be 
necessary  for  American  eloquence  if  the  lectures  on  that 
subject  should  ever  be  published." 

We  trust  the  "  distinct  volume"  will  be  published,  and 
also  the  author's  lectures  on  Demosthenes'  Oration  for  the 
Crown.  Such  contributions  to  the  cause  of  public  educa- 
tion are  beyond  price. 

In  1856,  he  edited  a  r.  8vo  ed.  of  Webster's  American 
Dictionary  of  the  English  Language,  exhibiting  the  Origin, 
Ortbngrapliy.  Pronunciation,  and  Definition  of  Words.  To 
whi'.l]  arc  added  a  Synopsis  of  Words  differently  pronounced 
by  'litk'reiit  Orthoepists;  and  Walker's  Key  to  the  Classical 
Pronunciation  of  Greek,  Latin,  and  Scripture  Proper  Names, 
revised  and  enlarged.  With  the  Addition  of  a  Vocabulary 
of  Modern  Geographical  Names,  with  their  Pronunciation; 
containing  all  the  words  in  the  Quarto  Edition,  and  also 
an  arrangement  of  Synonj'ms  under  the  leading  Words. — 
a  new  and  important  feature,  and  not  to  be  found  in  any 
other  work,  and  particularly  useful  to  young  writers.  It 
embraces  more  than  six  hundred  articles  of  this  kind,  being 
a  larger  number  than  is  cont;iined  in  any  similar  work  in 
our  language,  with  the  exception  of  Crabbe.  In  the  same 
year  he  pub.  (Webster's  University  Dictionary)  A  Pronoun- 
cing and  Defining  Dictionary  of  the  English  Language; 
abridged  from  Webster's  American  Dictionary.  8vo,pp.  610. 

Goodrich,  Frank  lioott,  b.  1826,  in  Boston,  son  of 
S.  G.  Goodrich.  (Peter  Parley.)  For  several  years  he  was 
the  Paris  correspondent  of  the  N.Y.  Times  over  the  signa- 
ture of  Dick  Tinto.  L  Tri-Colored  Sketches  of  Paris.  N. 
y.,  1854,  12mo.  2.  Court  of  Napoleon:  or,  Society  under 
the  First  Empire,  with  Portraits  of  its  Beauties,  Wits,  and 
Heroines,  N.Y.,  1857,  r.  4to.  An  elegant  volume.  3.  Man 
upon  the  Sea:  or.  History  of  Maritime  Adventure.  Explo- 
ration, and  Discovery.  Phila.,  1S58,  8vo.  4.  AVomcn  of 
Beauty  and  Heroism.  N.Y.,  1S59,  r.  4to.  This  is  a  com- 
panion-volume to  No.  2. 

Goodrich,  Samuel  Griswold,  alias  Peter  Par- 
ley, was  born  Aug.  ly,  1793,  at  Ridgcfield,  Connecticut. 
Shortly  after  attaining  bis  majority,  he  commenced  the 
business  of  a  publisher  in  Hartford,  and  devoted  himself 
to  this  branch  of  trade  for  some  years.  In  1823-24,  he 
visited  England,  France,  Germany,  and  Holland,  and  not 
long  after  his  return  home  commenced  the  publication  of 
the  famous  Peter  Parley  volumes. 

In  1S28  Mr.  Goodrich  commenced  the  publication  of 
The  Token,  an  original  annual,  which  he  edited  for  four- 
teen years.  In  this  series  appeared  many  of  his  poems, — 
for  Peter  Parley  is  a  poet  of  no  mean  rank, — afterwards 
pub.,  together  with  prose  pieces,  also  contributed  to  The 
Token,  &c.  under  the  title  of  Sketches  from  a  Student's 
Window,  1841.  The  Outcast  and  other  Poems  h.ad  pre- 
ceded this  vol.  by  four  years,  being  pub.  in  1S37.  In  1851 
appeared  a  beautiful  edit,  of  his  Poems,  (including  The 
Outcast,)  with  Pictorial  Illustrations.  Tlie  designs  (about 
forty)  are  mostly  by  Mr.  Billings,  the  engravings  by  Bob- 
bett  &,  Eduionds,  Lossing  «t  Barrett,  HartwuU,  and  others, 
and  the  printing  by  Mr.  John  F.  Trow. 

Mr.  Goodrich  has  had  an  eye  to  intelligent  legislation 
as  well  as  juvenile  in^:truction  ;  and  his  valuable  parents'  , 
assistant,  entitled  "Fireside  Education,"  (1838,  12mo,) 
was  composed  in  sixty  days,  while  the  author  was  occupied 
with  the  important  duties  devolving  upon  him  as  a  member 
of  the  Massachusett^s  Senate.  How  greatly  parents  have 
been  ai'lcd  and  encouraged — as  well  as  children  instructed 
and  dcliy;hted — through  the  earlier  volumes  of  Parley's 
700 


Magazine,  Merry's  Museum,  Parley's  Cabinet  Library,  and 
bJii  numberless  volumes  of  many  kinds,  who  shall  estimate  ? 

In  1851,  the  President  of  the  United  States — his  Rvcel- 
lency  Millard  Fillmore — conferred  a  deserved  compliment 
upon  Mr.  Goodrich  by  appointing  him  Consul  to  Paris. 
In  1S55  Mr.  G.  returned  to  the  United  States,  and  is  now 
(1858)  residing  in  New  York. 

We  have  spoken  of  the  volumes  of  this  popular  author  as 
"numberless;"  but  here  we  are  a  little  extravagant. — for  the 
author  has  been  obliged  to  *' number"  them  in  self-defence. 
See  Recollections  of  a  Lifetime :  or.  Men  and  Things  I  have 
Seen,  by  S.  G.  Goodrich,  N.  York,  1858,  2  vols.  12mo. 

"List  of   WorlcH  of  ivhich  S.  G,  Goodrich  is  the  Editor  or 
Author. 

"  My  experience,  as  an  author,  has  been  not  a  little  singular,  in 
one  respect.  While  on  the  other  side  of  the  Atlantic  my  name  has 
Ix-en  largely  used,  as  a  passpoi  t  to  the  public,  for  books  I  never 
wrote,  attempts  have  been  made  in  this  country  to  deprive  me  of 
the  authorship  of  at  least  a  hundred  volumes  which  1  did  write. 
It  requires  some  patience  to  reflect  upon  this  with  equanimitv;  to 
see  myself,  falsely,  saddled  with  the  paternity  of  things  which  are 
either  stupid,  or  vulgar,  or  immoral, — or  perhaps  all  together;  and 
tbon  to  be  deprived,  also  by  falsehood,  of  the  means  of  effectually 
throwing  them  off  by  appealing  to  genuine  works — which  have 
obtained  general  favor— through  .1  Kuspicion  cast  into  the  public 
mind  that  1  am  a  mere  pretetider,  and  that  the  real  authorship 
of  these  works  belongs  to  another  per.snn. 

*'This,  however,  has  been,  and  peihaps  is,  mv  position,  at  least 
with  some  portion  of  the  public.  I  have  thought  it  worth  while, 
therefore,  to  print  a  cat;iIogue  of  my  genuine  works,  and  also  a  list 
of  the  false  ones  issued  under  my  name,  with  such  notes  as  seem 
nei'essary  to  set  the  whole  matter  cleai-ly  before  the  public. 

"The  following  comprise  all  my  works,  to  the  best  of  my  recol- 
lection : 

MISCELLANEOUS. 

Datp  of       No 
publication.  Tola. 

The  Token— A  New  Year's  and  Christmas  Present 1828. ..14 

[The  first  volume  was  issued  iu  1S2S.  and  it  was  con- 
tinued, yearly,  till  1S42 — \h  years.  ISmoand  12mo. 
Edited  by  me.  except  that  in  1S29  it  was  edited  by 
N.  P.  Willis.  Among  the  contributors  to  this  work 
were.  E.  Everett.  Bishop  Doane.  A.  H.  Everett.  J.  Q. 
Adams.  H.  W.  Lonirfellow.  L  McLellan,  Jr.,  N.  II.iw- 
thorne,  MissSed'-'wi'-k,  Mrs.  Sigournev.  Willis  Gay- 
lord  Clark,  N.  P.  Willis.  J.  Neafe.  Gren'ville  Mellen, 
Geo.  Lunt,  .John  I'ierpnnt,  Caleb  Gushing.  H.  Pick- 
ering, Aliss  Leslie.  T.  II.  Gallaudet,  Mrs.  Child,  P. 
W.  P.  Greenwood.  Rev.  T.  Flint.  II.  F.  Gouid,  W.  L. 
Stone,  n.  T.  Tuckerman,  Madame  Calderon  de  la 
Barca.  O.  W.  Holmes.  Mrs.  Seba  Smith.  Mrs.  Osgood, 
Mrs.  Lee,  J.  Inman.  Horace  Greelev.  1.  C.  Pray.  Oi*- 
ville  Dewey.  0.  M'.  B.  Peabodv.  James  Hall,  Mrs. 
Hale.  M rs.  Hotland.  J.  T.  Fields,  Miss  M.  A.  Browne, 
R.  C.  Waterslon.  N.ith.  Greene,  II.  H.  Weld,  G.  C. 
Verplanck.  T.  S.  Fay,  J. O.  Rockwell,  C.  Spr  ague.etc] 
A  History  of  All  Nations,  from  the  Earliest  Period  to  the 
Present  Time — In  which  the  History  of  every  Nation, 
Ancient,  and  Modern,  is  separately  given.     Large  iivo, 

1200  pp 1849...  1 

[In  the  compilation  of  this  wry-k  T  had  the  assistance 
of  Rev.  Royal  Robbins.  of  B(?llin,  Conn.,  Rev.  W.  S. 
Jenks.  and   Mr.  S.  Kettell.  of  Boston,   and  F.  B. 
Goodrich,  of  New  York.] 
A  Pictorial  Geography  of  the  World.    Large  Svo,  1000  pp.  1840...  1 
[The  first  edition  of  this  work  was  published  in  1S31, 
but,  being  found  imperfect,  was  revised  and  remo- 
deled at  this  date       Iu  the  original  work  I  had  the 
assistance  of  J.  O.  Sargent  and  S.  P.  Ilolbrook,  Esqs., 
and  Mr.  S.  Kettell:  the  new  edition  was  mainly 
prepared  by  T.  S.  Bradfurd.  Esc^.] 
Sow  Well  and  Reap  Well,  or  Fireside  Education.    12mo.  1S38..,  1 

A  Pictorial  History  of  America.    Svo 1845...  1 

Winter  Wreath  of  Summer  Flowers.  Svo.  Colored  En- 
gravings   1853...  1 

The  Outcast,  and  other  Poems.     12mo 1S36...  1 

Sketches  from  a  Student's  Window.    12mo 1841...  \ 

Poems.    12mo 1851...  1 

Ireland  and  the  Irish.    12mo 1842...  1 

Five  Letters  to  my  Neighbor  Smith 1839...  1 

Les  Ktats  Unisd*Ame^iq^^e.    Svo „.,..  1852...  1 

[This  was  published  in  Pnris.J 

The  Gem  Book  of  British  Poetry.    Square  Svo 1854...  1 

The  Picture  Play  Book 1855...  1 

Recollections  of  a  Lifetime;  or,  Men  and  Things  I  have 
Seen,  in  a  series  of  Familiar  Letters— Historical.  Bio- 
graphical, Anecdotical,  and  Descriptive:  addressed  to 
a  F'riend.     12mo 1857...  2 

SCHOOL  BOOKS. 
Ancient  IHstory,  from  the  Creation  to  the  Fall  of  Rome. 

I'-^nio 1846...  1 

Modern  History,  from  the  Fall  of  Rome  to  the  present 

time.     12mo 1847...  1 

History  of  North  America;  or.  The  United  States  and  ad- 
jacent Countries.    ISmo 1846...  1 

Historyof  South  America  and  the  West  Indies.    18mo...  1846...  1 

History  of  Europe.     ISmo 1848...  1 

History  of  Asia.     18mo 1848...  1 

History  of  Africa.     ISuio 1850...  1 

[In  Ihe  compilation  of  the  preceding  six  volumes,  ex- 
cluding Nnrth  Americi,  I  had  large  assistai^^e  horn 
Mr.  S.  Kcttell.j 


GOO 


GOO 


Date  of 
pui>iic»tion.  T 

A  Comprehensive  Geography  and  History,  Ancient  auj 

Modern.    4tn 1849... 

The  National  Geography.    4tn 1849... 

A  Primer  of  History,  for  Beginners  at  Home  and  School. 

24mo 1850... 

A  Prioier  of  Geography,  for  Home  and  School,    With 

Maps 1850.. 

A  t'irtnri.i!  Ili-liPiyof  the  United  States.     12mo 1846.. 

A  inLturiil  History  of  England.    12ino 1846.. 

A  Pkt.iri.ll  l[i-.l(irvof  France.     I2nio 1846.. 

A  PiitoiKil  llisi^ry  of  Greece.     12mo 1846.. 

A  Pi.iniial  Ui^turyof  Rome.     12mo 1848... 

[lu  tlie  piepsralion  of  the  pieceding  five  volumes,  I 
had  assistance  from  Dr.  Alcott,  Mr.  J.  Lowell,  &e.  I 
was  largely  assisted  in  the  preparation  of  Kome  by 
Mr.  S.  Kettell.] 

A  Pictorial  Natural  History.     12mo 1842...  1 

The  Young  American;  or,  A  Book  of  Government  and 

Law.     12mo 1842...  1 

The  Malte-Brun  School  Geography.     16mo 1830...  1 

M.ips  for  the  same.    4to 1830...  1 

The  Child's  Own  Book  of  Geography;  or,  The  Western 

Hemisphere.    With  Maps.  Squai'el2mo.  (Outof  print.)  1834...  1 
Tbp  Child's  Own  Book  of  Geugraphv ;  or,  The  Kastern 

Hemisphere.    With  Maps.  SriuarePimo.  (Outof print.)  1S34. 

Goodrich's  First  Reader.     ISmo 1846. 

Goodrich's  Second  Reader.     ISmo 1846. 

Goodrich's  Third  Reader.     ISmo 1840. 

Goodrich's  Fourth  Reader.     12mo 1846, 

Goodrich's  Fifth  Reader.     12mo 1846, 


Dftts  of       No. 

pubUcftiJoa.  »oLb. 

as  by  Peter  Parley;  they  have,  however,  passed 
under  that  name  for  several  years.] 
Parley's  Tales  about  Ancient  Kome,  with  some  account 

of  Modern  Italy.     Square  16mo 1832...  1 

Parley's  Tales  about  Aucient  and  Modern  Greece.  Square 

16mo 1833...  1 

Histoire  des  liltats  Unis  d'Amerique.     Published  in  Paris 

and  the  United  States.    12mo 1853...  1 

Petite  Histoire  Uuiverselle.     Published  in  Paris  and  the 

United  States.     12mo 1853...  1 

[In  the  piuparation  of  some  of  these,  I  had  the  aid  of 
N.  Hawthorne  and  J.  0.  Sargent,  Esqs.,  ic] 

PARLEY'S  MISCELLANIES. 
Parley's  Cabinet  Libraut  :  20  vols,  small  12mo,  as  follows: 

EIOGRAPIIICAL  DEPARTMENT. 

1.  Lives  of  Famous  Men  of  Modern  Time.^i 1S44-5.. 


Lives  of  Famous  Men  of  Ancient  Times.. 

Curiosities  of  Human  Nature 

Lives  of  Benefactors 

Lives  of  Famous  American  Indians.. 
Lives  of  Celebrated  Women 


HISTORICAL   DEPARTMENT. 


TALES  UNDER  THE  NAME  OF  PETER  PARLEY. 

The  Tales  of  Peter  Parley  about  America.    Square  16mo.  1827...  1 
Do.  do.  Europe.  do.  1S2S...  1 

Peter  Parley's  AVinter-Evening  Tales.  do.  1829...  1 

Peter  Parley's  Juvenile  Tales.  do,  1830...  1 

The  Tale  of' Peter  Parley  about  Africa.  do:  1830...  1 

Do.  do.  Asia.  do.  1830...  1 

Poter  Parley's  Tales  about  the  Sun,  Moon,  and  Stars. 

Square  lOmo 1830...  1 

Peter  Parley's  Tales  of  the  Sea.     Square  16mo 1831...  1 

Peter  Parley's  Tales  about  the  Islands  in  the  Pacific 

Ocean.     Square  liimo 1831...  1 

Peter    Parley's   Method   of   Telling    about    Geography. 

Square  16mo 1830...  1 

[This  work  was  remodelled  and  reproduced  in  1S44, 
under  the  name  of"  Parley's  Geography  for  Begin- 
ners, at  Home  and  School."  Two  millions  of  copies 
of  it  were  sold:  the  publisher  paid  me  three  hun- 
dred dollars  for  the  copy-right,  and  made  his  for- 
tune by  it.j 
Peter  Parley's  Tales  about  the  World.     Square  16mo. 

(Out  of  print.1 1831...  1 

Peter  Parley's  Tales  about  New  York.     Square   16mo. 

(put  of  print.) 1832...  1 

Peter  Parley's  Tales  about  Great  Biitain — Including  Eng- 
land, Scotland,  and  Ireland.    Square  16mo.    (Out  of 

print.) 1834...  1 

Parley's  Picture-Book.     Square  lOmo 1834...  1 

Parley's  Short  Stories  for  Long  Nights.    Square  16mo....  1S34...  1 

Peter  Parley's  Book  of  Anecdotes.  do 1836...  1 

Parley's  Tales  about  Animals.     12mo 1831...  1 

Persevere  and  Prosper;  or.  The  Siberian  Sable-Hunter. 

18mo 1843...  1 

Make   the   Best  of  it;   or.  Cheerful   Cherry,  and  other 

Tales.     18mo 1843...  1 

Wit  Bought;  or.  The  Adventures  of  Robert  Merry.  ISmo.  1844...  1 
What  to  do,  and  How  to  do  it;  or,  Morals  and  Manners. 

ISmo 1844...  1 

A  Home  in  the  Sea;  or,TheAdventuresofPhilipBrusque. 

ISmo 1845...  1 

Right  is  Might,  and  other  Sketches.     ISmo 1S45...  1 

A  Tale  of  the  Revolution,  and  other  Sketches.     18mo....  1845...  1 
Dick  Boldhero;  or.  The  Wonders  of  South  America.  ISmo.  1846...  1 

Truth-Finder;  or.  Inquisitive  Jack.    ISmo 1846...  1 

Take  Care  of  No.  1 ;  or,  The  Adventures  of  Jacob  Karl. 

ISmo 1850...  1 

Tales  of  Sea  and  Land 1846...  1 

Every-Day  Book.    Square  16mo.    (Out  of  print.) 1S35...  1 

Parley's  Present  for  All  Seasons.    12mo 1853...  1 

Parley's  Wanderers  by  Sea  and  Land.    12mo 1854...  1 

Parley's  Fagots  for  the  Fireside.     12mo 1854...  1 

Parley's  Balloon  Travels  of  Robert  Merry  and  his  Young 

Friends  in  various  parts  of  Kurnpe,     i2mo 1856...  1 

Parley's  Adventures  of  Gilbert  Goahead.     12rao 1856...  1 

Parley's  Adventures   of  Billy  Bump,  all  the  way  from 

Sundown  to  California.    {In  press.) 1857...  1 

Parley's  Balloon  Travels  of  Robert  Merry  and  his  Young 
Fiiends  in  the  Holy  Land  and  other  parts  of  Asia. 
12mo.    (In  press.) 1857...  1 

PARLEY'S  HISTORICAL  COMPENDS. 
Peter  Parley's  Universal  History  on  the  basis  of  Geogra- 
phy.    Large  square  lOmo 1837...  2 

Peter  Parley's  Common  School  History.    12mo 1837...  1 

The  First  Book  of  History  for  Children  and  Youth.   Large 

square  12mo 1831...  1 

The  Second  Book  of  History — Designed  as  a  Sequel  to  the 

First  Book  of  History.    Large  square  12mo 1832...  1 

The  Third  Book  of  History — Designed  as  a  Sequel  to  the 

First  and  Second  Books  of  History.     Squarel2mo 1833...  1 

[The  two  preceding  volumes  were  compiled  under  my 
direction,  and  were  then  remodelledby  me,  but  were 
not  published,  nor  were  they  intended  to  appear, 


7.  Lights  and  Shadows  of  American  History 

8.  Lights  and  Shadows  of  European  History 

9.  Lights  and  Shadows  of  Asiatic  Hi.story 

10.  Lights  and  Shadows  of  African  Histoi-y 

11.  History  of  the  American  Indians 

12.  Manners,  Customs,  and  Antiquities  of  the  Ameri- 

can Indians 


MISCELLANEOUS. 

13.  A  Glance  at  the  Sciences 

14.  Wonders  of  Geology 

15.  Anecdotes  of  the  Animal  Kingdom 

16.  A  Glance  at  Philosophy 

17.  Book  of  Literature,  with  Specimens 

18.  Enterprise,  Industry,  and  Art  of  Man.. 

19.  Manners  and  Customs  of  Nations 

20.  The  World  and  its  Inhabitants 


Parley's  Panorama;  or.  The  Curiositie."!  of  Nature  and 
Art,  History  and  Biography.  Large  8vo,  double  co- 
lumns   1849...  1 

Parley's  Geography  for  Beginners.     Square  16mo 1844...  1 

[This  is  a  reproduction  and  remodelling  of  '■  I'arley's 
Method  of  Telling  about  Geography  for  Children.''] 
Parley's  Farewell.    Large  squarel6mo.    (Out  of  print.)...  1836...  1 

Parley's  .Arithmetic.    Square  16mo 1833...  1 

Parley's  Spelling-Book.     (Out  of  print.) 1833...  1 

Parley's  Book  of  the  United  States.     Square  16mo 1833...  1 

Geographie  Elemeutaire.     8vo 1S54...  1 

[Published  at  Paris.] 

Elementary  Geography.     8vo.     With  Maps 1834...  1 

[Published  in  London.] 

Parley's  Present.     Small  24mo.     (Out  of  print.) 1836...  1 

Parley's  Dictionaries — Of  Botany,  of  Astronomy,  of  the 
Bible,  of  Bible  Geography,  of  History,  of  Cuiumerce. 

Six  vols,  large  square  16mo 1834...  6 

Three  Months  at  Sea,  (an  English  book,  with  additions 

and  mod  iti  cat  ions.)     Square  16mo 1832...  1 

The  Captive  of  Nootka  Sound.    Square  16mo 1832...  1 

The  Story  of  Capr.  Riley.  do 1832...  1 

The  Story  of  La  Perouse.  do 1832...  1 

The  Story  of  Alexander  Selkirk.  do 1833...  1 

Bible  Stories,  (a  London  hook,  with  additions.)     Square 

16mo 1833...  1 

Parley'.'?  Magazine.  Began  1832.  Large  square  12mo....  1833...  1 
[This  work  was  planned  and  established  by  me:  but 
after  about  a  year  I  was  obliged  to  relinquish  it, 
from  ill  health  and  an  affection  of  my  eyes.  It  was 
conducted,  withoutany  interest  or  participation  on 
my  p;irt.  for  about  twelve  years,  when  it  ceased.] 
Merry's  Museum  and  Parley's  Magazine.     Large  square 

12mn.    Commenced  1S41 1841... 28 

[This  work  was  begun  and  established  by  me,  under 
the  title  of  Merry's  Museum,  but  after  the  discon- 
tinuance of  Parley's  Magazine  the  latter  title  was 
added.  The  work  continued  under  my  exclusive 
editorship  until  I  left  for  Europe  in  1850;  from  that 
time,  while  I  bad  a  general  chargeof  the  work.  Rev. 
S.  T.  Allen  was  the  home  editor.  At  the  close  of  the 
fourteenth  year,  (the  twenty-eighth  semi-annual 
volume.  1854,)  my  connection  with  the  work  en- 
tirely ceased.] 

"  Bemarlcs. 

"  1  thus  stand  before  the  public  as  the  author  and  editor  of  about 
one  hundred  and  seventy  volumes — one  hundred  and  sixteen  bear- 
ing the  name  of  Peter  Parley.  Of  all  these,  abnut  seven  millions 
of  volumes  have  been  sold:  about  three  hundied  thousand  vo- 
lumes are  now  sold  annually. 

'•A  recent  writer  in  the  Boston  Courier  has  said  that  the  late 
Mr.  S.  Kettell  was  the  '  Veritable  Peter  ParUif — thereby  asserting, 
in  effect,  and  conveying  the  impression,  that,  he  being  the  author 
of  the  Parley  Books,  I,  who  have  claimed  them,  am  an  impostor. 
He  has,  moreover,  claimed  for  him,  in  precise  terms,  the  actual 
authorship  of  various  works  which  have  appeared  under  my  own 
proper  name.  For  reasons  which  will  appear  hereafter,  I  deem  it 
necessary  to  expose  this  impudent  attempt  at  imposture — absurd 
and  preposterous  as  it  appears  upon  its  very  face. 

••  First,  as  to  the  Parley  Books : — it  will  probably  be  sufficient  for 
me  to  make  the  following  statement.    In  respect  to  the  thirty-six 

701 


GOO 

TOlumes  of  Farley's  Tal4^s,  in  the  preceding  list,  the  earlier  num-  i 
bers  of  which  began  and  gave  currency  to  the  entire  Parley  stries, 
no  jirrson  ea-cejtt  m_i/sdf  etier  tvrote  a  siyigle  sentence. 

"  As  tn  I'arli y'ii  I/isli>na.t!  fmnprnds — some  nine  or  ten  volumes 
— I  had  tbe  ii.ssislaiir.-  i.l  N.  Hawthorne  and  J.  0.  Sargent,  Ksqs., 
and  <>thi.Ms;  hut  Mr.  K-ihil  mrcr  lurote  a  lint  "f  avyonn  «/  theitil 

"As  to  I'arki/s  Mi^i:dkuu(&—ahOMt  fifty  volumes — I  had  some 
assistance  from  several  persons  in  about  a  dozen  of  them.  Mr. 
Ketlell  wrote  a  few  sketches  for  five  or  six.  volumes  of  the  Cabinet 
Library,  which  1  adapted  to  my  purpose,  and  iust-rted:  this  is  the 
whale  exUnt  nf  his  participittion  in  the  entire  Parley  series — tme  hun- 
dred and  sixteen  vfjliimes! 

*'  J^&^  He  ni^rr  vrotr.  jihinnrd.  rfytfr>'iivd.  or  jYrrtmnh-il  to  hr  the  au- 
thor of  a  Sin'/lc  vuJunn  h.-,n-i,ni  I'.nh-f^  H^nur.  Th.  /o.l.N'-r  !/,.(s 
set  up  for  htm^  smcr    his    th-xfU,   /:■    lis  j'l'  l"i   ^  '■'"/.;  !'■■   '!   IS   iin/'llili  lit 

and/alse.  U  ii;„ilil  /„■.  nxh-.-l,  ahuut  a^  VLU^onaUi-  tu  duimjui-  hiin 
the  authorship  '•/'  Don  (^in.<-<>t,\  or  Gil  Blm,  or  I'lhjnm's  I'royress, 
as  thustogivr  him  lli.-  till.-  nf  Hic  'Veritable  refer  I'arhy: 

"The  writyr  abuv*;  iiutiued  also  claims  for  Mr.  Kettell  the  chief 
authorship  of  Merry's  Museum,  extending  to  about  thirty  volumes 
largo  octavo.  This  claim  is  disposed  of  by  the  following  letter 
from  i;ev.  S.  T.  Allen— better  qualified  than  any  other  person  to 
be  a  witness  in  the  case : — 

"■New  York,  Jan.  28, 1856. 
"  S.  G.  GooDBiCH,  Esq.  : 

*•  Dear  Sir: — I  have  read  the  several  articles  in  tb.-  liostonrnurier, 
signed  'Veritas,'  claiming  for  the  late  Mr.  Kellill  tln'  aiilborship 
of  Peter  Parley's  Tuks,  Merry's  Museum,  Ac.  As  ynu  reqii'St  finiii 
me  a  statement  as  to  my  knowledge  on  the  subject,  1  cheerfully 
give  it.  which  you  can  publish  if  you  please. 

"  I  purchased,  with  an  as.'^ociate,  the  entire  Merry's  Museum  in 
1S4S  or  1849,  from  the  beginning  in  1841.  and  have  been  its  pub- 
lisher until  October  last;  that  is,  over  six  years.  I  have  nearly, 
from  that  time  to  the  present,  been  its  editor,  wholly  or  In  part, 
liuiing  this  period.  Mr.  Kettell  has  never  written  any  thing  for  the 
work.  It  is  within  my  knowledge  that  he  wrote  some  articles  in 
the  earlier  volumes,  probably  iu  all  not  exceeding  one  hundred 
and  eighty  to  two  hundred  pages.  His  principal  articles  were  the 
'Travels  of  Thomas  Trotter'  and  'Michael  Kastoff;'  these  pos- 
sessed no  particular  merit,  and  did  not  aid  or  advance  the  reputar 
tjou  of  the  work. 

"The  articles  by  you, extending  through  fifteen  volumes, nearly 
all  of  which  have  since  been  separately  published  as  Peter  Parley's 
Tales,  gave  lili-,  <  inulatitni,  and  characti!r  to  the  work.  1  have  had 
large  opportunity  tu  judge  of  this  matter,  as  1  have  been,  for  more 
than  six  years,  in  constant  communication  with  the  subscribers, 
{ten  or  twelve  thousand  in  number,)  and  I  say,  unhesitatingly, 
that  your  articles  iu  the  Museum  have  fully  sustained  your  repu- 
tation as  the  ablest,  best-known,  and  most  popular  writer  for  youth 
in  this  country. 

"  1  may  say,  furthermore,  that  I  have  lately  been  in  Europe,  and 
it  is  within  my  knowledge  that  Parley's  works  have  been  published 
there  iu  various  languages,  and  are  highly  esteemed. 

"  I  further  state  that  I  have  read  your  reply  to  the  Boston  Cou- 
rier and  '  Veritas'  of  January  13.  and  so  far  as  my  knowledge  ex- 
tends, and  especially  in  respect  to  Merry's  Museum,  it  is  strictly 
correct. 

"  I  need  hardly  say,  in  conclusion,  therefore,  that  I  consider  these 
claims  of  the  Boston  (.'ourier  and  'Veritas,'  in  favour  of  Mr.  Ket- 
tell, a.s  wbitlly  witlmut  fnuiidation.  ,1//  ///((/  cm  jirnprrly  In'  .sail! 
is,  that,  lint  of  fivr  or  sit  thnasunil  piifieii 'f  Mrrrfs  Mnsntm.  h>:  run- 
trihuted  about  two  hundred  puges,  marked  loUh  no  partiruhir  ejcd- 
lence.  The  only  qualification  that  need  be  made  is,  that  1  have 
understood  that  Mr.  Kettell  had  some  general  superintendence  of 
the  work  for  about  six  months,  while  you  were  absent  in  Europe ; 
that  is,  from  September.  1847,  to  March,  1848.  Kven  during  this 
period,  Mr.  Kettell's  labors  seem  to  have  been  confined  to  writing 
a  few  small  articles  and  reading  the  proofs. 

"  Yours  respectfully,        Stephen  T.  Allen. 
"  .605=-  Here^  then,  are  eightrand-twenty  vohtTnes  of  Merry\K  Museum, 
in  addition  to  eight y-eight.  volumes  of  Parley's  ivorks,  rescued  front 
the  claims  of  this  irholisidr  litirary  hnrglar. 

"  Another  claim  in  bcli/ilf  of  .■\ir.  Kettell  is,  that  he  was  the  au- 
thor of  various  valualjlr  ami  inipurtant  school-bonks,  such  as  tbe 
Pictorial  History  of  tbr  l'ni(.-d  Stairs. a  Pictorial  Histiny  nf  (irctc,', 
Ac.  &C.&C.  The  subjoin,  il  b.lt.'r  fmui  Mr. George  Sav.i-.-.  ol  the  late- 
firm  of  Huntington  A;  Saiage,  and  now  associated  witli  Mr.  .1.  II. 
Colton  &  Co.,  Map  and  Geography  Publishers  in  ^■ew  York,  will 
settle  this  claim  also. 

"Kew  Fork,  Jan.  31,  1856. 
<'  Mr.  Goodrich  : 

"Pear  Sir: — I  have  looked  over  the  several  attacks  made  upon 
you  in  the  Boston  Courier  by  'Veritas.'  claiming  that  Mr.  Kettell 
was  the  author  of  several  books  «lii(b  bear  your  name.  I  am 
acquainted  with  the  history  of  scveial  nf  these  works;  and,  so  far 
as  my  knowledge  extends,  the  sUitenients  of '  Veritas'  are  entirely 
destitute  of  foundation.  I  can  speak  positively  as  to  four  of  the 
books — the  Geographies — '  Parley's,'  the  -  Primer,'  the  '  National,' 
and  the  '  Comprehensive,'  for  I  am.  and  have  been  for  some  years, 
their  proprietor  and  publisher.  I  have  also  been  interested  in 
them  from  the  beginning,  and  it  is  within  my  knowledge  that  you 
wrote  them  wholly  and  entirely.  The  statements  of  ■  Veritas'  as 
to  Mr.  Kettell's  authorship  of  the  Pictorial  History  of  Greece  and 
the  United  States  are  equally  untrue. 

'"Veritas'  quotes  a  contract  between  you  and  Mr.  Kettell  of 
May  26,  184<i,  to  show  that  Mr.  Kettell  had  written  some  of  the 
*  Parley's  Compends  of  History.'  If  he  will  look  at  the  books  re- 
ferred to  in  this  contract,  he  will  see  that  your  name  is  given  as 
thy  author,  and  not  Parley's. 

"  1  speak  of  these  works,  because  I  have  been  engaged  in  pub- 
lishing them,  or  most  of  them.  It  is  evident  that  the  articles  iu 
the  Courier  are  written,  throughout,  with  great  rashness;  and. 
though  I  do  not  iini)Ugn  tbn  mntivcs  of  the  writer.  I  feel  free  to 
say  that,  so  far  as  they  depend  upon  him,  they  seem  to  me  entirely 
•luworthy  of  confidence. 
702 


GOO 

"I  have  seen  your  replies,  and.  having  had  a  large  knowledge 
of  vour  operations.  I  think  your  statements  have  been  exact,  rea- 
soEaJde,  and  just,  and  haveno  doubt  the  public  will  think  so. 
"Yours,  truly,  George  S.wage. 

"Another  claim,  in  behalf  of  Mr.  Kettell.  made  by  this  adven- 
turous writer,  is,  that  the  History  of  All  JS'atvms—a.  work  of  1200 
pages,  royal  Svo,  which  appears  under  my  name — was  published, 
with  the  exception  of  a  few  dry  pages,  ^as  it  came  from  Mr.  Ket- 
tell s  graceful  and  Hmoing  pettP  In  reply,  1  offer  the  tbllowing 
letter,  to  which  1  invite  the  special  attention  of  the  reader,  inas- 
much as  it  not  only  refutes  this  audacious  pretence,  but  it  explains 
the  nature  of  my  connection  with  Mr.  Kettell.  the  reason  why  I 
employed  him,  and  the  nature  aud  extent  of  the  services  he  ren- 
dered me : 

«  New  TorJc,  Feb.  3, 1856. 
"  To  THE  Editor  of  the  Boston  Courier  : 

»^,r.— I  bave  read  the  controversy  which  has  been  progressing 
for  some  weeks  in  your  journal,  as  to  the  alleged  claims  of  Mr. 
Kettell  to  the  authoi-abip  of  several  works  which  have  appeared 
under  my  father's  name. 

"These  claims,  urged  after  Mr.  Kettell's  death,  and  by  a  person 
totally  irresponsible,  seem  hardly  to  merit  serious  consideration ; 
but  as  they  have  been  pressed  in  a  spirit  of  evident  hostility  and 
malice,  it  may  be  well  for  me  to  state  what  I  know  upon  the 
subject.  . 

'•  For  the  la.^t  ten  years  T  have  been  femiliar  with  my  fathers 
literary  labours.  I  have  seen  the  greater  part  of  the  manuscripts 
sent  to  the  printing-olBce.  and  have  read  the  greater  part  of  the 
proofs  returned,  and  can  bear  witness  to  the  accuracy  of  the  state- 
ments made  in  this  connection,  in  my  father's  letter,  published  in 
the  New  York  Times  of  the  31st  December.  Having  suffered 
severely  from  weak  eyes  for  the  past  twenty-five  years,  he  has 
been  obliged  to  use  the  services  of  others  in  consulting  author- 
ities, and  sometimes  in  blocking  out  work  to  be  afterwards  syste- 
matized and  reduced  to  order  by  him.  In  thi.-.  Mr.  Kettell  was 
his  principal  assistant.  He  wrote  alw.iys,  as  I  und.-rslnnd  it,  as 
an  assistant,  and  in  no  sense  as  an  authoi-.  His  mi.i7ui.<rnj>t.i  were 
never  fniishnl  so  us  to  be  fd  for  the  press.  Their  publie-Aion,  as 
they  VMn\  woubi  have  been  fatal  to  the  reputatiun  of  any  man  who 
should  have  taken  the  responsibility  of  them.  It  was  my  father's 
task,  after  having  planned  these  works,  to  read  and  remodel  the 
rough  drafts  of  Mr.  Kettell.  to  suit  them  to  his  own  views,  and  to 
prepare  them  for  the  public  eye.  This  was,  in  some  cases,  a  more 
serious  and  liitiguing  labor  than  it  would  have  been  to  write  the 
work  from  the  beginning.  I  may  add  that  at  one  period  Mr.  Ket- 
tell's manuscripts  were  referred  to  me  for  examination,  and  that 
I  was  empowered  to  accept  or  leject  them.  Somewhat  later  I  had, 
for  a  time,  occasion  to  remodel,  adapt,  and  partly  to  re-write  such 
portioDS  as  were  accepted. 

"  I  h.ave.  naturally,  no  wish  to  detract  from  the  merits  of  Mr. 
Kettell.  But  in  regard  to  the  History  nf  All  Nations,  a  work 
attributed  by  '  Verita.s' to  the  'gr.iceful  and  flowing  pen  of  Mr. 
Kettell,'  I  must  state  that  five  persons  (Mr.  Kettell,  Kev.  Mr.Kob- 
bins,  of  Berlin,  Conn.,  Kev.  Mr.  Jenks,  of  Boston,  my.self,  and  my 
father)  were  engaged  upon  it;  the  heaviest  share— the  plan,  the 
fiUing.  the  refining,  the  systematizing,  and  the  general  views — 
falling  upou  the  latter.  Perhaps  'Veritas'  will  pardon  me  if  I 
claim  for  myself  the  entire  authorship  of  seventy-five  pages,  so 
cnnfidentlv  attributed  by  him  to  the  'graceful  and  flowing  pen 
of  Mr,  Ki-ttell." 

'•Tokr  notice,  Mr.  Editor,  that  lappend  my  real  name  to  t?iis  com- 
munication. In  controversies  of  this  Irind.  where  lionor,  truth,  and 
the  mcijitmance  of  n  good  name  are  invnlnil.  anouymous  corre- 
spi-mdence  is  held  by  the  community  to  argw  in  its  author  meaytness, 
treachery,  and  cowardice.  I  think  Mr.  Ki-ttcll,  were  he  living, 
would  be  the  first  to  disavow  this  eager  service  in  his  behalf  by 
his  irresponsible  advocate.  1  am  yours,  respectfully, 

"  F.  a.  Goodrich. 

"I  believe  I  may  now  leave  this  matter  to  the  judgment  of  the 
public,  with  a  few  brief  observations: 

"  The  enormous  claims  in  behiilf  of  Mr.  Kettell,  set  up  by  the 
Boston  Courier  and  its  anonymous  cor re.spon dent  '  Veritas,'  have 
been  disposed  of  as  follows : 

"  1.  Mr.  Kettell  never  wrote  a  line  of  the  thirty-six  volumes  of 
Parley's  Tales  ;  never  a  line  of  the  ten  volumes  of  I'arley's  Histori- 
cal Compends.  expressly  and  repeatedly  claimed  /or  hi^n ;  and  of 
the  fifty  volumes  of  Ihrby's  Miscdlanies  he  only  wrote  a  few 
sketches  in  half  a  dozen  of  them.  To  pretend,  therefore,  th.at  he 
is  the  'Veritable  ]'<:trr  Parley.''  is  as  gross  an  imposture  as  to  call 
him  the  '  Veritable  Author'  of  Pickwick,  or  Guy  Mannering,  or  the 
Spectator. 

"2.  The  claim  for  Mr.  Kettell  of  the  authorship  of  Meny's  Mit- 
setim — thirty  vnlnnies — is  reduced  to  tin-  writing  of  about  two 
hundred  paj:rs  nf  indin.-n-nt  niattt-i-,  as  a  coinspnndent. 

"3.  His  claim  In  tb.-  aut  Imrsbip  of  the  Ilistnri/  of  Greece.  Hisfwy 
of  the  Vnitnl  .states,  I'arley's  Geography,  the  Primer  of  Geography, 
National  Gmgrofihy,  Compreliensive  Geof/raphy  and  History, — posi- 
tively Hss.-rtrd  i>y  '  Veritas,* — is  shown  to  be  false  in  the  beginning, 
the  middle,  and  the  end. 

"4.  Tbe  audacious  claim  of  the  entire  authorship  of  the  History 
of  All  Nations  comes  to  this:  that  Mr.  Kettell  was  one  of  four  per- 
sons who  assisted  me  in  the  compilation  of  that  work. 

"5.  It  appears,  inasmuch  as  my  eyes  were  weak  for  a  series  of 
twenty-five  years,  rendering  it  sometimes  impossible  for  me  to 
consult  books,  that  I  employed  Mr.  Kettell  to  block  out  sever.il 
works,  accoiding  to  plans  minutely  and  carefully  prescribed  by 
me ;  and  that  the  materials  thus  furnished  were  redxiced  to 
method,  style,  and  manner,  by  me.  so  as  to  suit  my  own  taste; 
and  that  the  works  were  published  as  thus  remodeled,  and  not 
as  they  were  written  by  him.  It  appejirs.  furthermore,  that  all 
this  was  done  with  Mr.Kettell's  full  consent,  upon  written  and 
explicit  agieements,  and  that  he  never  did  plan,  devise,  contrive, 
or  finally  prepare,  any  book  published  under  my  name,  nor  was 
he,  nor  did  he  ever  claim  to  be,  the  author  of  any  hook  thus  pub- 
lished. 


GOO 


GOO 


"  6.  Tt  is  material  to  state,  diptinctly,  that  while  '  Veritas'  claims 
for  Mr.  Ketti'll  the  entire  authorship  of  over  one  hundred  and 
twenty  volumes  of  my  works,  he  (Jlr.  Kettell)  never  assisted  me, 
in  any  way  or  in  any  dej^ree,  in  mori3  than  twenty  volumes,  and 
these  only  in  the  manner  above  indicatt-d ;  that  is,  in  blocking 
out  works',  mostly  historical,  under  my  direction,  and  to  be  finished 
by  me. 

"7. 1  do  not  mean  by  this  to  depreciate  Mr.  Kettell's  abilities; 
but,  inasniurh  as  these  audacious  claims  in  his  behnlf  have  been 
pertinaciously  and  impudently  urfred.  it  is  proper  fur  me,  in  this 
formal  manner,  to  reduce  them  to  their  true  dimensions. 

"8.  While  I  thus  acknowled-^e  the  assistance  rendered  mo  by 
Mr.  Kettell  in  my  historical  compilations,  it  is  proper  to  state  that 
I  had  the  aid  of  other  persons — some  of  them  of  hi^'her  name  and 
feme  than  he.  Among  my  assistants  were  N.  Hawthorne.  E.  Sar- 
gent, J.  0.  Sar;^ent,  S.  V.  Ilolbrook,  Ksqs..  Uev.  Koyal  Uobbins,  Rev. 
E.  U.  Smith.  Uev.  \V.  8.  Jenks,  and  others.  The  claims  of  '  Veri- 
tas,' if  admitted,  would  not  only  rob  me  of  the  authorship  of  a 
hundred  volumes,  which  I  wrote,  but  would  transfer  to  Mr.  Ket- 
tell about  twenty  volumes,  to  which  several  other  authors  contri- 
buted with  greater  ability  than  he. 

"9. 1  think  it  r.iay  Vie  safely  assumed  that  in  the  history  of  lite- 
rature there  is  not  a  more  impudent  attempt  at  imposture  than 
this,  which  originated  in  the  Uoston  Courier.  It  is  easy  to  com- 
prehend why  the  author  has  not  dared  to  give  his  name  to  the 
public  but  has  continued  to  make  his  attacks  behind  the  mask 
of  an  anonymous  title.  That  I  deem  myself  called  upon  to  notice 
him  arises  frum  the  firt  that  he  derived  a  certain  color  of  author- 
ity from  the  Editor  nf  the  Courier,  and  from  publishing  papers  .ind 
documents  beloiiuinu  to  Mr.  Ketteirs  heirs — thou^rh  these  con- 
tributed in  nil  dc'-nee  either  to  refute  the  statement  here  made  or 
to  substantiate  any  portion  of  the  claims  here  referred  to. 

"10.  Literary  history  is  full  of  instances  in  which  littleness, 
allied  to  mali;:nir,y.  has  signalized  itself  by  seeking  to  deprive 
authors  of  their  just  cbiiins;  and.  while  thus  doing  wrong  to  their 
literary  labfirs.  atteiiii.tin^  also  to  des^nde  them  in  the  eyes  of 
the  world  as  guilty  ot  aiipinpi  i;iliug  to  themselves  honors  which 
do  not  belong  to  them.  It  is  also  a  vice  of  base  minds  to  believe 
imputations  of  this  sort  without  evidence,  or  even  against  evi- 
dence, when  once  they  have  been  suggested.  I  do  not  think  it 
best,  therefore,  to  leave  my  name  to  be  thus  de^xlt  with  by  future 
pretenders,  who  may  desire  to  emulate  this  Boston  adventurer. 

SPURIOUS   PARLEY   BOOKS. 

AMERICAN   COUNTEHFEITS  AND   IMPOSITIONS. 

"In  tbe  United  States  the  name  of  Parley  has  been  applied  to 
several  works  of  which  I  am  not  the  author,  though  for  the  most 
part  from  mistake  and  not  from  fraudulent  designs.  The  follow- 
ing are  among  the  number : 

^  Date  of       No. 

publioBtlon.  vols. 

Parley's  Washington.    18mo 1S3'2...  1 

Parley's  Columbus.  do 1832...  1 

Parley's  Franklin.  do 1832...  1 

[The  name  of  Parley  is  not  in  the  title-page  of  any 
of  these  works,  but  is  put  upon  the  back,  and  they 
are  sold  as  Parley  books,  hut  without  authority, 
though  at  the  outset,  as  I  believe,  with  no  im- 
proper design.] 

Parley's  Miscellanies.     18mo 

Parley's  Consul's  Daughter,  and  other  Tales.    18mo 

Parley's  Tales  of  Humor.      ISmo 

Parley's  Tales  of  Terror.  do ■ 

Parley's  Tales  for  the  Times,   do 

Parley's  Tales  of  Adventure,  do 

[The  publication  of  this  series,  under  the  name  of 
Parley,  is,  I  believe,  abandoned,  as  I  remonstrated 
with  the  publishers  against  it,  as  a  fraud  upon  the 
public] 

Parley's  Picture-Books— 12  kinds ...12 

[these  1  have  not  seen  :  they  are,  however,  imposi- 
tions.] 

The  Rose,  by  Peter  Parley 

The  Bud,  by  Peter  Parley 

The  Mines  of  different  Countries,  by  Peter  Parley 

The  Garden,  by  Peter  Parley 

The  Gift,  by  Peter  Parley 

The  Flower-Basket,  by  Peter  Parley 

Fairy  Tales,  by  Peter  Parley 

[The  preceding  seven  volumes  I  have  not  seen,  but 
I  find  them  in  some  of  the  American  catalogues. 
They  are  all  spurious.] 

Parley's  Book  of  Books.    Square  Ifimo ...  1 

[This  book,  I  believe,  consists  of  extracts  from  Par- 
ley's Magazine.     Its  publication  in  this  form,  so 
far  as  it  may  convey  the  idea,  that  it  is  written  by 
me,  is  deceptive.] 
Parley's    Pictorial — A   book   for  Home  Education   and 

Family  Entertainment.    8vo ...  1 

Parley's  Household  Library.     8vo ...  1 

[these  two  works  are  from  old  altered  plates  of  Par- 
ley's Magazine,  and  are  designed  to  deceive  the 
public  by  making  it  believe  that  they  are  origi- 
nal works,  and  by  the  author  of  Parley's  Tales. 
They  are  a  gross  and  shameful  imposition.] 

EXGLISQ   COUNTERFEITS  AND   IMPOSITIONS. 

[The  London  publishers  and  authors  have  made  a 
large  business  of  preparing  and  jinblisliing  Parley 
books.  Some  of  these  are  repnbiii.ilious.  without 
change,  from  the  genuine  Auieriniu  c'litions.  to 
which  I  make  no  objection;  some  are  the  genuine 
works,  more  or  less  altered;  and  many  others  are 
counterfeits,  every  m>'ans  being  used  to  pass  them 
off  upon  the  public  as  by  the  original  author  of 


Parley's  Tales.   Among  the  most  notorious  of  these 
are  the  following: 

TtaU  of      Xo. 
publication.  TOlfc 

Peter  Parley's  Annual.    A  Christmas  and  New  Year's 

Present.  'Published  by  i^uWon  rf  Cb 1841...14 

[This    is  a  large    16mo,   with  colored  engravings, 
and  has  been  continued  from  1841  to  1855 — 14 
volumes.] 
Peter  Parley's  Royal  Victoria  Came  of  the  Kings  and 

Queens  of  England.     ISmo.     Ihirtnu  rf-  a> 1834...  1 

Parley's  Book  of  Gvmnastics.    Sq.  lOmo.    Darton  <£■  Co.  1840...  1 
Parley's  Parting  Gift.  do.  do.  IS46...   I 

Parley's  Book  of  Industry.  do.  do,  1855...  1 

Parley's  Book  of  Poetry.  do.  do.  lS4.'i...  1 

Parley's  Ireland.  do.  do.  1843...  1 

Parley's  Wonders  of  Earth,  Sea,  and  Sky. 

Square  Ifimo.  d".  185^...  1 

Parley's  Odds  and  Ends.    Square  16mo.  do.  ]s40...  1 

Parley's  Peeps  at  Paris.  do.  do.  1848...  1 

Parley's  I'ri/e  Book.  do.        "  do.  1848...   I 

Parley's  School  Atlas.  do.  do.  1842...  1 

Parley's  Canada.  do.  do.  1839...  1 

Parlev's  China  and  the  Chinese,  do.  do.  1844...  1 

Parley's  Child's  Own  Atlas.     Square.  do.  1853...  1 

Parley's  Life  and  Journey  of  St.  Paul.     Square  16mo. 

Sunphim 1846...  1 

Peter  Parley's  Lives  of  the  Twelve  Apostles.     Sq.  16mo. 

Bogue. 1844...  1 

Peter  Parley's  Visit  to  London  during  the  Coronation. 

Sq.  16mo.     Srt//w 1838...  1 

Peter  Parley's  Tales  of  England,  Scotland,  and  Ireland. 

Sq.lGmo.     Tfgg 1842...  1 

Peter  Parley's  Mythology  of  Greece  and  Rome.    Sq.  16mo. 

Tf-gg :. 1841...  1 

Peter'  Parley's  Tales  of  Greece,  Ancient  and  Modein. 

Square  lOmo,     Tcgg 1842...  1 

Peter  Parley's  Tales  of  Ancient  Rome  and  Modern  Italy. 

Sq.  16mo.     T»^og 1840...  1 

Peter  Parley's  Tales  about  Christmas.    Sq.  16mo.     Trgg.  1839...  1 
Peter  Parley's  Shipwrecks.  do.  do.     1846...  1 

Parley's  Plants..  do.  do.    1839...  1 

Parley's  Modern  Geography  do.  do.     1837...  1 

Parley's  Bible  Geography.     Sq.  16mo.     J.  S.  Ilndsrm 1839...  1 

Parley's  Child's  First  Step.    Sq.  16mo.     C/emmts 1839...  1 

[there  are  still  other  counterfeits  of  Parley's  works, 
issued  by  various  parties  in  London.    The  utter 
disregard  of  truth,  honor,  and  decency,  on  the 
part  of  respectable  British  authors  and  publishers 
in  this  wholesale  system  of  imposition  and  injustice, 
is  all  the  more  remarkable  when  we  consider  that 
the    British   public,   and   especially   the    British 
authors  and   booksellers,  are  denouncing  us  in 
America  as  pirates,  for  refusing  international  copy- 
right. 
The  conduct  of  all  these  parties  places  them,  morally, 
on  a  footing  with  other  counterfeiters  and  forgers: 
public  opinion,  in  the  United  States,  would  con- 
sign persons  conducting  in  this  manner  to  the 
same  degree  of  reprobation.    Can  it  be  that,  in 
England^  a  man  who  utters  a  counterfeit  five- 
pound  note  is  sent  to  Newgate,  while  another  may 
issue  thousands  of  counterfeit  volumes  and  not 
destroy  his  reputation?"] 
The  above  list  certainly  presents  a  tolerable  proof  that 
Mr.  Goodrich  has  been  no  idler  in  the  Republic  of  Letters. 
And  his  works  are  nut  among  those  which  clog  the  book- 
seller's shelves   and  excite  his  periodical  indignation  on 
the  annual  review  of  his  stock  in  trade.     They  may  bo 
emphatically  called  **  Live  Stock," — for  of  some  of  them 
more  than  fifty  thousand  copies  sire  circulated  every  year, 
and   of  all  of  them,  as  before  stated,  the  aggregate  sale 
amounts  to  about  three  hundred  thousand  volumes  annu- 
ally : — in  all  about  seven  millions  of  volumes  have  been 
sold  !     And  here  we  must  remark  that  it  would  be  a  great 
error  to  suppose  that  Peter  Pauley  confines  his  energies 
to  his  personal  aggrandizement  only: 

"  Mr.  Goodrich  has  been  a  liberal  patron  of  American  authors  and 
artists;  and  it  is  (|uestionable  whether  any  otln-r  person  has  done 
as  much  to  inipn.v.'  the  style  of  the  l-oi^k  muuit.icture.  or  to  pro- 
mote the  arts  of  entnaving.  It  isbeliev.'d  that  he  b:ts  put  in  circula- 
tion more  than  two  [seven]  millions  of  volumes  of  his  own  produc- 
tions; all  of  which  inculcate  pure  morality  and  cheei  lul  vtews'uf 
life.  His  style  is  simple  and  unaffected;  the  How  of  his  verse  me- 
lodious: and  his  subjects  generally  such  as  be  is  capable  of  tieat- 
ing  most  successfully."— GmwcWs  Povls  and  Po-try  of  America. 
Can  an  author  desire  higher  commendation  than  that 
which  follows  ? 

"  For  twenty  years  he  has  preserved  the  confidence  of  parents 
and  teachers  of  every  variety  of  condition  and  opinion,  by  an  in- 
defectible morality  and  strong  practical  sense,  which  are  univer- 
sally understood  and  approved." — hiti'matumal  Magazine,  ii.  154. 
"Mr.  Parley  has  too  much  reputation  as  a  popular  instructor 
of  the  young,  to  need  any  very  urgent  recommendation  ou  our 
I)art."' — Lon.  MonthJij  Repository. 

*'  The  honoured  name  of  Peter  Parley  (S.  G.  Goodrich)  when  pro- 
nounced calls  to  mind  many  of  the  pleasantcst  incidents  of  our 
youth.  For  more  than  twenty  years  his  delightrul  compositions 
have  instructed  and  edified  children  in  both  hemispheres:  and  it 
is  to  be  regretted  that  unprincipled  usurpers  have  invaded  the 
field  of  his  well-eiirned  fame,  even  under  his  own  banner."^ 
Tru!mrr\''  i:ihli",,):ii>/nral  (.'uidr  in  Am>-r.  Lit. 

Goodrich,  Siiiiou.     Clocks;  Nic.  Jour.  17119. 

7U3 


GOO 


GOO 


Goodrich,  Thomas,  d.  1554,  Bishop  of  Ely,  1534,  ; 
aiJed  in  the  revision  of  llic  trans,  of  the  New  Testament, 
1540,  in  the  compilation  of  the  Common  Pra\'er  Book  of 
1548,  and  in  The  Institution  of  .1  Christian  Man;  or,  the 
Bishop's  Book.  See  Burnet's  Reformation  :  Strype's 
Cranmer;  Strype's  Parker  ;  Master's  Hist,  of  C.  C.  C,  C; 
Bentham's  Hist,  of  Ely. 

Goodrick,  John,  Bishop  of  Norwich.  A  thanks- 
giving germ,  for  Victory  over  the  Rebels,  on  Ps.  xlvi. 
10.  11,  10.S5,  4to. 

Goodricke,  Henry.  1.  Observ.  on  Dr.  Price's  Civil 
Liberly,  &.<:.,  Lon.,  17711,  .9vo.     2.  A  Speech,  1779,  8vo. 

Goodricke,  John.  Astronom.  con.  to  Phil.  Trans., 
17S3,  '85,  '86. 

Goodridge,  John.  The  Phcenix;  or,  Reasons  for 
believing  that  the  Comet  is  the  real  Phceni.^  of  the  An- 
cients, Lon.,  1781,  8vo. 

Goodsir,  John.     Con.  to  Annals  of  Med.,  1801,  '02. 

Goodwin.     Tran.sub.^tantiation,  Lon.,  1688,  fol. 

Goodwin,  Christopher,     See  Goodwvn. 

Goodwin,  K.  S.,  of  Sandwich,  Mass.,  d.  1833,  aged 
46.     Serms. 

Goodwin,  Francis,  an  eminent  architect,  d.  1835. 
Domestic  Architecture.  New  ed.,  Lon.,  18o5,  r.  4to ;  96 
plates.  New  ed.,  including  the  supplement,  1850,  2  vols. 
4to.  This  eminent  architect  designed  many  of  the  hand- 
some buildings  which  arrest  the  eye  of  the  traveller  in  the 
midland  counties  of  England,  and  in  parts  of  Ireland. 
Lissadcll  Court  is  one  of  his  works,  and  in  the  vols,  noticed 
above  will  be  found  the  details  connected  with  the  erection 
of  this  pile.  Perhaps  the  Manchester  Town-Hall  is  his 
chef-d'ceuvre.  At  the  time  of  his  death  he  was  preparing 
plans  for  the  erection  of  the  new  Houses  of  Parliament. 
His  intense  application  to  this  duty  brought  on  a  fit  of 
apoplexy,  whiclj  proved  fatal. 

Goodwin,  George.  Melissa  Religionis  Pontificse 
ejusdemque  apostrope  X.  Elegiis,  Lon.,  1620,  4to.  The 
same  in  English,  by  John  Vicars,  Lon.,  1624,  4to. 

Goodwin,  Harvey,  late  Fellow  and  Mathemat.  Lec- 
turer of  (Jonville  and  Caius  College.  1.  Elementary  Course 
of  Mathematics;  5th  ed.,  1857,  8vo.  2.  Problems  to  above, 
1847,  8vo.  3.  Parish  Serms.,  1847,  12mo.  4.  Second 
Series  of  do.,  1851,  12mo.     5.  Four  Serms.,  1853,  12mo. 

6.  Short  Serms.  at  Celeb,  of  Lord's  Supper,  1853,  12mo. 

7.  Comment,  on  the  Gospel  of  St.  Matthew,  1857,  p.  8vo. 
Goodwin,  Isaac.     1.  The  Town  Officer;  or.  Laws  of 

Mass.  rel.  to  the  Duties  of  Municipal  Officers,  Ac,  Wor- 
cester, 1825,  12mo. 

'•  Mr.  Goodwin  has  adopted  the  planof  Dickinson's  Town  Officer, 
or  rather,  we  should  .say.  the  plan  of  every  author  of  Digests  and 
Abridi^ments,  from  Brooke  to  Bigelow,  and  has  done  his  work 
more  thorouishly  than  any  of  his  predecessors." — 1  U.  S.  Lit. 
doz.,  31. 

2.  The  New  England  Sheriff,  Worcester,  1830,  Svo. 
'•  To  every  Sheriff,  Coroner  and  Constable,  it  will  be  an  indis- 
pensable HKHnual." — 5  Aincr.  Jur.,  208. 

Goodwin,  John,  1593-1665,  an  independent  divine, 
was  a  zealous  republican,  and  promoted  the  condemnation 
of  Charles  I.,  and  afterwards  endeavoured  to  justify  his 
course  by  writing  a  pamphlet  called  The  Obstructors  of 
Justice,  1649,  4to.  This,  together  with  Wilton's  Eicono- 
clastes,  and  Defensio  pro  Populo  Anglicano,  were,  on  the 
Restoration,  burnt  by  the  common  hangman,  Au"-.  27, 
1660.  He  was  educated  at  Queen's  ColL,  Camb.  T  pre- 
sented to  the  living  of  St.  Stephen's,  Coleman  Street, 
London,  1633;  dismissed  for  refusing  to  baptize  the  chil- 
dren of  his  parishioners  promiscuously,  and  to  administer 
the  Lord's  Supper  to  his  whole  parish.  He  became  a 
warm  Arminian,  and  was  a  zealous  supporter  of  his 
opinions.  He  pub.  a  number  of  theolog.  and  political 
works,  of  which  the  following  ore  the  best  known.  1. 
Treatise  of  Justification,  Lon.,  1642,  fol.  New  ed.,  by 
Wesley,  12mo. 

"  John  Goodwin,  not  yet  turned  Arminian,  pre.ached  and  wrote 
with  great  diligence  about  justification,  again.st  the  ligid  sense 
of  imputation;  who  being  answered  by  Mi-.  Walker  and  Mr. 
Itoborough,  with  far  inferior  strength,  his  book  had  the  greater 
success  for  such  answerers." — Baxter. 

2.  The  Divine  Authority  of  Scripture  Asserted,  164S,  4to. 
'■  Pcssessed  of  very  considerable  merit.     It  contains  uiore  oritd- 

nality  and  ingenious  biblical  interpretation  than  most  books  of 
the  period  known  to  me;  and  throughout  it  I'reathes  a  .spirit  of 
tile  purest  piety  towards  God,  and  of  good  will  toivards  men." — 
Orme's  Bibl.  Bih. 

*'  It  has  ever  been  considered  a  masterpiece  of  polemical  i\iQO- 
\o^y."— Lowndes's  Brit.  Lib. 

"  \  work  of  great  value;  full  of  sound  theology  and  original 
views  of  the  Bible.'" — Lon.  Chris.  Instructcr. 

3.  Right  and  Might  well  met :  or  a  briefe  and  impartiall 


Enquiry  into  the  Proceedings  of  the  Army  under  Lord 
Fairfax,  &<:.,  1648,  4to. 

■'  ?'his  was  considered,  at  the  time  of  its  pullication,  one  of  the 
most  powerful  and  successful  pamphlets,  written  on  religious 
principles,  in  favour  of  the  Ilepublicau  army." — Lowndes's  Bibl. 
Man.  . 

4.  Redemption  Redeemed,  1651,  fol.   New  ed.,  1840,  Svo. 
"  The  alilest  defence  of  general  redemption   that  ever  appeared 

in  an  finglish  dress,  and  may  be  fairly  cousidei'ed  as  exhibiting 
the  strength  of  that  cause."— Z>r.  E.  WdLiams's  C.  I'. 

'■  Though  assailed  by  Twisse  and  others,  Goodwin's  work  has 
never  been  successfully  refuted." 

"  Redemption  Kedeemed  is  perhaps  as  powerful  a  plea  for  Ar- 
minian views  as  has  been  published.  If  you  read  it,  read  also 
Kendall's  and  Owen's  able  Replies." — Bickersteth. 

Thos.  Lamb  and  Richard  Resbury  were  also  among  the 
answerers  to  this  work. 

5.  An  Exposition  of  the  Ninth  Chap,  of  the  Epist.  of 
St.  Paul  to  the  Romans.  New  ed.,  with  a  Pref.  by  Thomas 
Jackson,  1835,  8vo. 

"An  able  and  earnest  defence  of  the  important  tenet  of  justifica- 
tion by  f:ulh."—Dr.  E.  Williams's  C.  P. 

"The  public  owes  some  giatitude  to  Mr.  Jackson  (the  eminent 
"Wesleyan)  for  the  publication,  in  so  very  handsome  a  form,  of  this 
standard  work  of  Goodwin's,  in  which  the  Arnnnian  doctrine  is 
most  ably  advocated.  Goodwin's  ironical  preface  to  the  Lord- 
Mayor  and  Aldermen,  as  a  theological  council,  is  first-rate  in  its 
way." — British  Magazine. 

6.  Christian  Theology,  selected  and  systematically  ar- 
ranged from  his  Writings,  with  Life,  by  Saml.  Dunn, 
1836.     7.  Life  by  Jackson,  Svo. 

"  An  able  defence  of  this  celebrated  Arminian." — Bickerstftii's 
Chris.  Stu. 

'■Contains  many  curious  particulars  about  the  author  and  his 
times.' — Ormc's  Bibl.  Bib. 

Goodwin's  violence  as  a  politician  has  prejudiced  many 
against  him,  not  without  cause,  we  think;  but  as  a  theo- 
logian few  have  been  more  highly  commended. 

"  A  person  whom  his  worth,  pains,  diligence,  and  opinions,  and 
the  contests  wherein  on  their  account  he  hath  publicly  engaged, 
have  delivered  him  from  being  the  object  of  any  ordinary  thoughts 
or  expressions.  Nothing  not  great,  not  considerable,  not  some 
way  eminent,  is  by  any  spoken  of  him,  either  consenting  with 
him,  or  dissenting  from  him." — Dr.  Owen. 

"  He  had  a  clear  head,  a  fluent  tongue,  a  penetrating  spirit,  and 
a  marvellous  faculty  in  descanting  on  Scripture." — Dr.  Cal.^mv. 

"His  great  learning,  good  .sense,  and  extraordinary  style  for 
that  day.  render  his  works  worth  reading." — John  Orton. 

"  He  possessed  no  ordinary  portion  of  strength  and  originality 
of  mind,  a  large  measure  of  disinterested  zeal,  and  a  cap.icity  for 
usefulness  which  was  e.\ceeded  by  few  of  his  contemporaries." — 
Orme. 

See  Neal's  Puritans;  Calamy;  Barton's  Remains,  p.  122. 

Goodwin,  John,  Rector  of  Clapham,  Surrey.  Serm. 
on  Prov.  xix.  2,  1738,  4to. 

Goodwin,  Nath.     Serms.,  1705,  Ac.,  4to. 

Goodwin,  P.  A.  Memoirs  of  Andrew  Jackson, 
Hartford.  12mo. 

Goodwin,  Peter.     Serms.,  1732,  '37,  '40,  Svo. 

Goodwin,  Philip,  d.  1699?  Vicar  of  Watford,  pub. 
a  work  on  the  Lord's  Supper,  one  on  Dreams,  and  other 
treatises,  16f9-58. 

Goodwin,  Simon.  The  Messiah  ;  a  Poem,  Lon., 
1772.  4to. 

Goodwin,  T.  The  Loyal  Shepherd,  or  the  Rustic 
Hendiic;  a  Dram.  Past.  Poem.,  Lon..  1779,  Svo. 

Goodwin,  'i'homas,  D.D.,  1G00-I097,  a  high-Cal- 
vinist  Independent  divine,  a  native  of  Rolesby,  Norfolk, 
was  educated  at  Christ  Church  and  Catherine  Hall,  (of 
which  ho  became  Fellow,)  Camb. ;  Lecturer  of  Trinity 
Church,  Camb.,  I62S;  Vicar,  1632;  relinquished  his  pre- 
ferments, 1634,  and  became  pastor  of  an  Independent 
congregation  at  Arnheim.  Holland  ;  returned  to  London, 
and  became  a  member  of  the  Assembly  of  Divines  ;  Pre- 
sident of  Magdalen  Coll.,  Oxf.,  164*9  ;  ejected  at  the 
Restoration;  preached  in  London  until  his  death  in  1697. 
After  his  death  a  number  of  his  work.? — valuable  theolo- 
gical treatises — were  pub.  in  5  vols,  fol.,  1  681,  '83,  '92, 
'97,  1704,  but  some  pub.  in  his  lifetime  (1647,  4to)  were 
not  included, — viz.  :  Certain  Select  Cases  Resolved  ;  A 
Child  of  Light  walking  in  Darkness;  The  Returne  of 
Prayers;  The  Tryall  of  a  Christian's  Growth,  Ac;  Ag- 
gravation of  Sinne,  Ac;  Vanitie  of  Thoughts;  Christ  set 
Forth;  The  Heart  of  Christ;  Encouragements  to  Faith; 
and  also— in  the  collective  ed.  of  his  works — Christ  the 
Universal  Peace-Maker.  Some  other  treatises  and  sepa- 
rate series  were  also  pub.  before  his  death.  See  BiW. 
Brit.;  Lowndes's  Bibl.  Man. ;  Darling's  Cyc.  Bibl.,  and 
authorities  below. 

"  Goodwin's  pieces  published  in  his  lifetime  are  the  most  valuatde. 
.  .  .  Many  accurate  and  valuable  remarks  on  Sci-ipture.  TheCbilii 
of  Light  walking  in  Darkness  is  very  useful  for  afflicted  con- 
sciences."    See  Dr.  E.  Williams's  C.  P. 


GOO 


GOR 


Bickersteth  styles  Goodwin's  Exposition  of  the  1st  and 
part  of  the  2d  chapter  of  Ephesians 

'•  A  remarkalile  display  of  the  riches  of  the  Scriptures,  and  full 
of  evat)^i-lii-:il  matter." — Christian  Sduh-nt. 

"  His  Works,  besides  many  discoui-ses.  include  an  exposition  of 
part  of  the  Epistle  to  the  tphesians.  part  of  the  book  of  Revela- 
tion, and  some  other  portions  of  Scripture;  but,  from  their  extent 
and  prolixity,  they  are  not  likely  to  be  much  consulted.  Dr. 
Goodwin  was  a  learned  man.  said  to  be  rather  hij;h  in  his  Calvin- 
istic  sentiments,  (thouph  I  have  not  observed  much  of  this.)  but 
excelled  in  expounding!;  the  Scriptures.  lie  delij^hted  to  search 
into  abstruse  and  difficult  t*;xts.  The  least  particle  of  speech  came 
under  his  imlire.  and  in  numerous  iuslancfs  he  h.-is  made  it  ap- 
pear how  much  depends  upon  the  conuectiii;^^  particles  in  Scrip- 
ture, which  are  generally  overlooked." — Oniw'.<  Hihl.  Bib. 

"Dr.  Goodwin,  with  sentiments  truly  evanj;elical,  and  a  most 
happy  talent  at  opening,  sifting,  and  displaying  thu  hidden  riches 
of  Scripture."— IlERVfiV. 

Anthony  a  Wood  considered  Owen  and  Goodwin  the 
two  Atlases  and  Patriarchs  of  Independency. 

"Dr.  Goodwin's  Works  are  numerous,  and,  in  point  of  sentiment, 
valuable.  .  .  .  He  was  a  good  scholar,  and  an  eminent  divine  and 
textuary.  Ilis  style  is  involved  and  obscure." — Dr.  E.  Williams's 
C.P. 

"  A  Puritan  Divine  of  very  superior  powers,  whose  wri(in;:s  cast 
much  lifrht  on  tho  Scriptures  on  which  he  treats.  He  enters  very 
fully  into  the  peculiar  mode  of  expression  in  the  sacreil  «  ritings, 
is  very  evangelical,  and  full  of  useful  matter." — Bi''k''!Tslel/i''s  C  S. 

Goodwin's  treatises — original  edits. — had  become  very 
scarce  and  dear  ;  but  the  new  edits.,  1840-51,  pub.  by 
Mr.  Shaw,  Seeleys,  and  the  Luiidon  Religiuu?  Tract  So- 
ciety, have  reduced  the  value  of  the  former.  See  Athen. 
Oxon. ;   Calamy  ;  Neal's  Puritans. 

Goodwill?  Thomas,  son  of  the  preceding,  and 
pastor  of  a  Dissenting  congregation  at  Pinner,  Middlesex. 
A  Discourse  of  the  True  Nature  of  the  Gospel.  In  an- 
swer to  the  Rev.  Mr.  Thos.  Lurimer's  Apology,  Lon., 
1695,  4to. 

Goodwill,  Thomas.  Hist,  of  the  Reign  of  Henry 
v..  King  of  England,  Ac,  Lon.,  1704,  fol. 

"Compiled  from  good  authorities."'  See  Bp.  Nicolson's  Eng. 
Hist.  Lib. 

Goodwin,  or  Goodwyn,  Thomas,  surgeon.  Hamp- 
stead  Waters  and  Bathing,  Lon.,  1804,  12mo. 

Goodwill,  Wm.     Serni.  Oxun.,  1614,  4to. 

Goodwyn,  or  GoodAvin,  Christopher.  1.  The 
Chaiioe  of  the  Dolorous  Louer,  Lon.,  1520,  4to. 

"  Mr.  Heber's  richly-furnished  library  may  boa^it  uf  n  copy  of  it." 
DiMin's  Lib.  Onup. 

"A  lamentable  story  without  pathos." — WaHnn's  Hist,  of  En>j. 
Poet. 

But  not  without  passion  :  for  thus  the  *'  Dolorous  Louer" 
apostrophizes  his  Ladie  Faire : 

"  0  rubycunde  ruby  and  perle  most  argent, 
0  gyloffer  gentyll  and  swete  flowre  delyce, 
O  daynte  dyamounde  and  moost  resplendent, 
0  doulcet  bloasome  of  a  full  grete  pryce." 

Could  the  lady  resist  an  appeal  so  impassioned? 

2.  The  Mayden's  Dreme,  compyled  and  made,  1542, 
eine  anno,  4to. 

"A  vision  without  imagination." — Wahton  :  uhi  supra. 

Goodwyn,  £dmund,  M.D.  Med.  treatise,  ITSCj 
'88,  8vo. 

Goodwyn,  H.     Interest  Table;  Nic.  Jour.,  ISOl. 

Goodwyn,  John.     Gauging,  Lon.,  1594,  16mo. 

Goodwyn,  Thomas.     See  Goodwin. 

Goodyear,  Aaron.  Serpent's  Bite,  Phil.  Trans. ,1698. 

Goodyeare,  Win.,  merchant.  Trans,  of  John  Car- 
themy's  Wandering  Knight,  Lon.,  15S4  ;  again,  sine  anno, 
4to.  AVe  have  already  noticed  this  allegorical  work  ;  see 
BuNYAX,  John  ;  Lon.  Retrosp.  Rev.,  i.  250,  1820. 

Googe,  Barnaby,  b.  1538?  a  poet  and  translator, 
of  whom  but  little  is  known,  was  educated  at  Christ's 
Coll.,  Cambridge,  whence  he  removed  to  Staples  Inn.  See 
authorities  cited  below.  1.  Trans,  of  the  Firsto  Three 
Bokcs  of  Palingenius's  Zodinke  of  Lyfe,  Lou.,  1560.  The 
trans,  of  the  Firste  Syxe  Bokes  was  pub.  in  1561,  12mo. 
The  whole  in  1565,  16mo,  Svo,  and  4to;  1588,  4to.  These 
edits,  are  rare;  Bibl.  Anglo-Poet.,  edit,  of  1561,  £5  5s.; 
of  1565,  £y  9«. ;  of  1588,  £6  6s, 

"Googe's  Zodiac  of  Palingenius  was  a  favourite  performance, 
and  is  constantly  classed  with  the  poetical  translations  of  the 
period  by  cotemporary  critics.  The  work  itiself  was  written  by 
(J.  A.  Manznlius.  and  contains  sarcasms  against  the  I'ope,  the  Car- 
dinals, and  the  Church  of  Rome." — Ellis. 

But  see  Warton's  Hist,  of  Eng.  Poet. 

'■  This  poem  is  a  general  satire  on  life,  yet  without  peevishness 
or  malevolence:  and  with  more  of  the  solemnity  of  the  censor 
than  the  petulance  of  the  satirist." — Warton  :  uhi  supra. 

••  Copious  extracts  from  this  wretchedly  dull  boolc  are  given  in 
Cens.  Lit. ;— hut  why  are  they  given '("—/)i/jrfm's  Lih.  Oomp. 

2.  Eglogs,  Epitaphes,  aud  Sonnettes,  1563,  Svo ;  1570, 4to. 

"  Mr.  isteevens,  of  which  library  this  book  formed  No.  876,  (sold 
for  £10  16s.  M..)  said  there  was  no  scarcer  book  in  the  English 
language  than  tiiia.     It  now  belf^ngs  to  Mr.  Ilebcr," — Cots.  Lit. 


There  is  another  copy  in  the  Library  of  Triu.  Coll., 
Camb.  3.  Trans,  of  T.  Nnugeorgius's  Popish  Kingdom, 
1570,  4to.  4.  Trans,  of  Foure  Bookes  of  Husbandrie  from 
Heresbachius,  enlarged,  1577,  *S6,  4to.  By  Gervase  Mark- 
ham,  with  Notes  and  Illustrations,  1614,  4to.  See  Donald- 
son's Agricult.  Biog.  5.  Trans,  of  The  Proverbea  of  Sir 
James  Lopes  de  Mendoza,  1579,  lOmo.  (iouge  also  pub. 
trans,  of  Aristotle's  Categories  and  Virgil's  Georgics.  Sec 
Fleming,  ABUAn.vM ;  Goocii.  Bkunaiui,  in  this  vol.;  and 
the  following  works,  in  addit.  to  those  cited  above:  Tuber- 
ville's  Sonnets,-  Tanner;  Brydges's  Phillips's  Thcat.  Poet.; 
Churton's  Life  of  Nowel;  Strypc's  Parker;  Restituta : 
Ellis's  Specimens. 

Gooldn,  Daniel,  d.  1687,  aged  75,  a  native  of  Kent, 
England,  emigrated  to  Virginia,  1621  ;  settled  in  Cam- 
bridge, Mass.,  1644;  visited  England,  1656:  Major-Geue- 
ral  of  Mass.,  1681-86.  He  was  Superintendent  of  the 
Indians  who  had  submitted  to  the  governor  of  Massa- 
chusetts, from  1656  until  his  death,  aud  zealously  co-ope- 
rated with  Eliot  in  his  efforts  for  their  spiritual  instruc- 
tion. Historical  Collections  of  the  Indians  in  New  Eng- 
land. This  was  written  in  1674,  and  remained  in  MS. 
until  1792,  when  it  was  pub.  by  the  Mass.  Hist.  Soc.  He 
also  wrote  history  of  N.  England.  See  Mass.  Hist.  Coll., 
i.  226,  228:  vii.  23;  Holmes's  Hist,  of  Camb.;  Hutchin- 
son; Mather's  Magnalia:  Johnson's  Wond. -Work.  Prov., 
109,  192;  Stith,  205;  Allon'.s  Atner.  Biog.  Diet. 

Gookiu,  Kathauiel,  d.  1734,  aged  46,  grandson  of 
the  preceding,  and  minister  of  Hampton,  N.  H.,  graduated 
at  Harvard  Coll.,  1703  ;  succeeded  Jcjin  Cotton.  1710.  He 
pub.  three  serms.  occasioned  by  the  earthquake  in  Oct, 
1727,  to  which  is  added  an  account  of  the  earthquake,  Ac. 
See  Mass.  Hist.  Coll.,  vii.  55 ;  Allen's  Amer.  Biog.  Diet. 

Gookin,  Vincent.  Transplanting  the  Irish  into  Con- 
naught,  Ac. :  in  answer  to  Rich.  Laurence,  Lon.,  1695,  4to. 

Goold,  Rev.  Wm.  H.     See  Owet*.  John,  D.D. 

Goolilcn,  Samuel.    Gangrene ;  Ed.  Med.  Ess.,  1734. 

Gordon,  a  layman.     Serm.,  1733,  8vo. 

Gordon.  1.  Comedies  of  Terence  in  Eng.  Verse,  Lon., 
1752,  12mo.     2.  Powers  of  Ecclesiastics,  1776,  Svo. 

Gordon  of  Lochinvar.  Encouragements  for  such  as 
shall  have  Intention  to  bee  Undertakers  in  the  new  Planta- 
tion of  Cape  Briton,  now  New  Galloway,  in  America,  by 
mee,  Lochinvar,  Edin.,  1620,  4to;  Gordoun?ton,  1073.  £3. 

Gordon,  Lt.-C'ol.  To  the  Volunteer  Corp.-, Lon., 1805. 

Gordon,  Abraham.  Con.  to  Med.  Ohs.  and  Inq., 
1755. 

Gordon,  Sir  Adam,  Rector  of  West  Tilbury,  Essex, 
Preb.  of  Bristol.  His  best-known  works  are — 1.  Serms., 
Lon.,  1700,  2  vols.  2.  Discourses,  &Q.;  the  substance  of 
the  Homilies  in  a  modern  style,  1795,  2  vols,  Svo;  1817, 

2  vols.  Svo. 

"  Very  necessary  for  every  clergyman  to  possess,  who  wishes 
properly  to  discharge  his  pastoral  duties." — Bp.  To.iiline. 

But  see  Bickersteth's  Chris.  Stu..  4th  ed.,  p.  325. 

3.  Serms.,  1796,  8vo.  4.  Fifty-two  Lectures  on  the 
Catechism  of  the  Ch.  of  Eng.  with  three  Discourses,  1817, 

3  vols.  8vo.     He  pub.  a  number  of  occasional  serms :  see 
Bibl.  Brit. 

Gordon,  Alexander.  Tyrocinium  Linguce  Latinge, 
Lon.,  1664,  Sv.i. 

Gordon,  Alexander.  Theatre  of  the  Scottish  Kings, 
1700,  4t... 

Gordon,  Alexander,  d.  1750,  a  Scotch  antiquary, 
resided  for  many  years  on  the  continent,  and  also  visited 
Carolina  in  1741,  and  died  there.  He  was  a  good  Greek 
scholar,  and  an  excellent  draughtsman.  1.  Itinerarium 
Septentrionale;  or,  a  Journey  through  mostof  the  Counties 
of  Scotland,  and  those  in  the  North  of  England.  In  two 
Parts,  Lon.,  1726,  fol.  2.  Supplement  to  al>ove,  1732,  fol. 
A  Latin  edit,  of  Nos.  1  and  2  was  pub.  in  Holland,  1731. 
3.  The  Lives  of  Pope  Alex.  VI.  and  his  sou  Caesar  Borgia, 
&c.,  Lon.,  1729.  fol.  4.  Trans,  of  Maffei's  Hist,  of  the 
Ancient  Amphitheatres,  1730,  Svo;  2d  ed.  enlarged,  625 
Plates  of  Mummies,  about  1739,  fol.  5.  Essays  resp. 
Mummies,  1737,  fol.     Sec  Nichols's  Lit.  Anec. 

Gordon,  Alexander,  of  Achintoul,  several  years 
Major-General  in  the  Czar's  service.  1.  Hist,  of  Peter 
the  Great,  Aberdeen,  1755.  2  vid.s.  Svo.  2.  The  Prussiad; 
an  Heroic  Poem,  &c.,  Lon.,  1759,  4to. 

Gordon,  Alexander,  M.D.  1.  Puerperal  Fever  of 
Aberdeen,  Lon.,  1795,  Svo.  2.  In  conjunction  with  Rev. 
Dr.  Colin  Milne,  Indigenous  Botany,  vol.  i.,  1793,  Svo. 
3.  Con.  to  Med.  Com.,  1793. 

Gordon,  Sir  Alexander  Duff,  Bart.  1.  Trans,  of 
Sketches  of  German  Life,  Lon.,  1847,  p.  Svo. 

*•  This  is  a  selection  des'-Ts  ing  of  more  than  ordinary  attention. 


GOR 


Thoupb  the  writer  [Ton  Enpe]  does  not  take  a  hif;:h  rank  amoBg 
thti  authors  of  niodf  rn  Germany,  io  ri^'bt  either  oi^  ori)j:iQal  talont 
or  any  peculiar  charm  of  style  as  a  narrator,  he  is  easy,  circura- 
gtautial,  and  trustworthy.  He  has  lived,  too,  anioug  distiuj;uished 
people  and  in  stirrinR  times."' — Lon.  Athfna-um. 

2.  Trans,  of  A.  WciU's  Village  Tales  from  Alsatia.  New 
ed.,  1847,  sq.  3.  In  conjunction  with  Lady  Duff  (jordon, 
Trans,  of  Leopold  Ranke's  Memoirs  of  the  House  of 
Brandenburg  and  Hist,  of  Prussia,  1849,  3  vols.  8vo. 

"Professor  Kanke  has  devoted  some  eight  or  ten  years  to  the 
examination  of  materials  especially  relating  to  the  period  embraced 
by  this  history ;  he  was,  moreover,  one  of  the  t'omnnssion  ap- 
pointed to  superintend  the  preparation  of  the  new  .-dition  of  the 
Great  Frederick's  works  now  in  course  of  publication  at  li.rhu, 
and  has  thus  been  enabled  to  gain  a  fresh  insight  into  several 
portions  of  that  monarch's  life,  and  to  throw  a  new  light  upon 
several  of  his  actions."— IVujis/citois' Pre/ace. 

"The  translation  transfers  the  whole  value  of  the  original  work 
into  our  language,  and,  whatever  may  be  its  merits  as  an  historical 
composition,  they  no%«  belong  as  much  to  English  as  German 
literature." — Lmi.  K.-mn'mist.  ... 

"The  translation  is  well  done,  on  a  somewhat  free  principle; 
not  free  as  to  the  sense,  for  the  translators  have  completely  pene- 
trated their  author's  meaning ;  but  free  with  respect  to  the  choice 
of  words  and  the  structure  of  opinion." — Loii.  .^j'ectator. 

Gordon,  Alexander  George,  M.D.  The  Com- 
plete English  Physician  ;  or,  a  Univ.  Lib.  of  Family  Med., 
Lon.,  1778,  Svo. 

Gordon,  AndreAV,  1712-1751,  Prof,  of  Philos.  in 
the  Scots  Monastery  of  the  Benedictines  at  Erfurt.  His 
principal  works  are— 1.  Progr.  de  studii  philosophici  digni- 
tate  et  utilitate,  Erfurt,  17;!7,  4to.  2.  Do  Concordandis 
mcnsuris,  1742,  4to.  3.  Phsenomenaelectricitatis  exposita, 
1744,  8vo.  4.  Physica  experimentalis  elementa,  1751-52, 
2  vols.  Svo,  with  plates.  Dr.  Priestley  says  that  Gordon 
was  the  first  person  who  used  a  cylinder  instead  of  a  globe 
in  the  electrical  apparatus.  See  Hirsching's  Manual  of 
Eminent  Persons  who  died  in  the  18th  Century. 

Gordon,  Anthony.  Science  of  Defence,  Lon.,  1805, 
4to. 

Gordon,  Bernard,  a  native  of  Gordon,  in  Rouvergne, 
France,  is  improperly  called  a  Scotsman  by  Watt.  For 
an  account  of  him  and  his  medical  works,  see  Memoires 
pour  servir  a  I'histoire  do  la  faculte  de  Moulpellicr,  par 
Astruc ;  Biog.  Univ. 

Gordon,  C.  A.  A  Concise  Hist,  of  the  antient  .and 
illust.  House  of  Gordon,  Aberd.,  1754,  12mo.  Privately 
printed,  Jadis,  84,  17s. 

Gordon,  Charles  Alexander,  M.D.  1.  Tlio  Prin- 
cipal Diseases  of  India  briefly  described,  Lon.,  1847,  12mo. 
Hand-Book  for  Medical  Officers  of  Hor  M,ajesty's  Service 
in  India,  1852,  12mo. 

Gordon,  D.  Pharmacopina.'i,  Aberd.,  1625,  4to. 
Gordonstouu,  1021,  £5  178.  6^. 

Gordon,  Duncan,  M.D.  Letter  to  John  Hunter, 
Lon.,  17Sfi,  4to. 

Gordon,  Francis.  Predestination,  Ac,  Edin.,  1712, 
4to. 

Gordon,  George.  1.  Newtonian  Philos.,  Lon.,  1719, 
12mo.  2.  Longitude,  1724,  Svo.  3.  Astronomy,  Ac,  1726, 
Svo. 

Gordon,  George.  Annals  of  Europe,  Lon.,  1739-43, 
6  vols.  Svo. 

Gordon,  George.  De  Natura  Rerum,  Qujestioncs 
Philosophicie,  Glasg.,  175S,  Svo. 

Gordon,  (Jeorge.     Serms.,  Lon.,  1794,  1S05,  4to. 
Gordon,  George  Campbell.    Serm.,  Luke  xxii.  19  ; 
riie  Holy  Comuuinion,  Lon.,  IS50,  r.  12mo. 
Gordon,  J.  Memoirs  concerning  Popery, Lon. ,1733, Svo. 
Gordon,  James,  D.D.,  1543-1620,  surnained  Huut- 
l£eus,  from  his  connection  with  the  noble  family  of  Gor- 
don ;  a  Scotch  Jesuit,  was  for  nearly  fifty  years  professor 
of  Hebrew  and  divinity  in  several  parts  of  Europe,  and 
for  some  time  a  missionary  in  Scotland  and  England  ;  and 
bis  zeal  in  making  converts  caused  him  to  be  twice  im- 
prisoned. 

1.  Controversarium  Fidei  Epitome,  Ac:  1st  torn.,  Aug. 
Pict.,  1612 ;  2d  tom.,  Paris  ;  3d  torn.,  Cologne,  1620,  all  Svo. 

"This  work  is  entitled  to  a  place  here,  were  it  only  because  it 
partly  led  to  the  puldication  of  the  Philologia  Sacra  of  Qlassuis. 
In  one  of  the  tracts  which  it  contains,  De  "Verbo  Dei,  he  [Gordon  | 
attacks  with  great  vigour  and  acuteness  the  present  Hebrew  text, 
and  extols  exceedingly  the  Latin  Vulgate." — Ormr's  Bib}.  Brit..ij.v. 

2.  Summaries  of  the  Controversies,  Ac.  betwecne  Catbo- 
lickes  and  Protestants,  1618,  Svo.    3.  Traditions,  1614,  Svo. 

Gordon,  James,  D.D.,  1553-1641,  surnaincil  Les- 
morsens,  from  his  connection  with  the  family  of  Lesmore; 
a  Scotch  .lesuit,  was  born  at  or  near  Aberdeen,  He  was 
Rector  of  the  Colleges  of  Toulouse  and  Bordeaux,  and 
confessor  to  Louis  XIII.  1.  Opus  Chrouologicum,  Col. 
Agr.,  1614,  fol. 

"  It  is  not.  I  believe,  a  work  of  great  value." — Ormc\^  Jii'A.  Bib. 
706 


GOR 

2.  Chronologia  .ab  Orbe  condita  ad  annum  Christi,  1617; 
Aug.  Rot.,  1617,  fol.  3.  Catholica  verltate,  diatriba,  Bur- 
dfo-,  1623,  12mo.  4.  Biblia  Sacra :  cum  Commentariis,  Ac, 
Paris,  1630,  3  vols.  fol. 

"These  volumes,  according  to  'Walch,  contain  many  things 
which  raay  be  read  with  profit."— Orme:  ubi  sitin-a. 

5,  Thcologia  Moralis,  tomus  prior,  P.aris,  1634.  6.  Opus- 
cula  Chronologicum,  Uistoricum,  Geogr.aphicum,  Col.  Agr., 
1636,  Svo. 

Gordon,  James,  Bishop  of  Aberdeen.  1.  The  Re- 
formed Bishop,  Lon.,  1679,  Svo.  Anon.  2.  To  R.  Catho- 
lics, 1687,  4to.  3.  Fables  of  Esop,  as  commented  on  by 
Sir  Roger  L'Estrange,  Edin.,  1700,  fol.  4.  A  Generous 
Prince,  Lon.,  1703,  Svo. 

Gordon,  James.     An  Ordination  Serm.,  1735. 
Gordon,  James,  Parson  of  Uothiemay.     1.  Hist,  of 
Scots  Affairs,  1637-41,  Aberd.,  1810-42,  3  vols.  4to,  Spald- 
ing Clul),  vols,  i.,  iii.,  v.     Only  250  copies  printed. 

"  This  valuable  work  is  printed  from  a  unique  MS.  in  the  library 
of  the  King's  College  at  Aberdeen,  and  forms  a  work  of  great  au- 
thority, and  the  principal  writers  of  this  period  have  all  referred 
to  it,  even  while  locked  up  in  manuscript." 

2.  Description  of  bothe  Towns  of  Aberdeene,  edit,  by  C. 
Inncs,  1842,  4to,  Sipalding  Club,  vol.  iv. 

Gordon,  James,  Vicar  of  B.arrngh,  Rector  of  Kil- 
legny,  Ac,  Ireland.  1.  Terraquea ;  or,  a  New  System  of 
Geography  and  Modern  Hist,  Lon.,  1790-93,  2  vols.  Svo. 
2.  Hist,  of  the  Rehell.  in  Ireland  in  1798,  Ac,  1801,  '03, 
Svo.  3.  Hist,  of  Ircl.and  from  the  earliest  accounts  to  the 
Union  in  1801,  2  vols.  Svo,  1806.  In  French,  by  P.  La 
Montague,  Paris,  1808,  3  vols.  Svo. 

"The  author  has  not  derogated  from  the  reputation  which  he 
derived  from  his  prior  publication,  since  we  discover  in  it  the  same 
clear  discernment,  the  same  sound  judgment,  the  same  strong 
good  sense,  the  same  manly  sentiments,  and  the  same  fearless 
fntegrity  and  devotion  to  truth."— Z."7(.  Montlt.  Rev. 

"  A  jiarty  work  abounding  in  misrepresentation." — Lowndes's 
Bill.  Man. 

4.  Hist,  of  the  Brit.  Islands,  Great  Brit.,  and  the  Islands 
that  with  it  compose  a  geographical  group,  from  the  earliest 
accounts  to  1807,  4  vols.  Svo.,  1815. 

Gordon,  Kcv.  James  Bentley.  An  Hist,  and 
Geographical  Memou-  of  the  N.  Aiuer.  Continent:  its 
Nations  and  Tribes  ;  with  a  summary  Acct.  of  his  Life, 
Writings,  and  Opinions.  Edited  by  Thos.  Jones,  Dubl., 
1S20,  4to. 

Gordon,  John,  Gentleman  of  the  Chamber  to  the 
King  of  France.  Panegyriciue  de  Congratulation  pour  la 
Concorde  dcs  Roy.aumcs  "de  la  Grande  Bretagne  en  Vnitc 
de  Religion  ct  Vniquo  Royaute,  Paris,  1603,  sm.  Svo;  Ro- 
chelle,  1603,  Svo.  In  English,  Lon.,  1603,  4to.  Liber 
r.arissimus.  This  work  is  ascribed  by  Lowndes  to  Dr. 
Gordon,  Dean  of  Sarum. 

Gordon,  John,  D.D.,  Dean  of  Sarum,  pub.  Assertionis 
pro  vera  vera?  Ecclesise  Nota,  1603,  Svo;  Anti-Torto-Bel- 
larminus,  Ac,  1610,  4to:  and  other  theolog.  treatises.  Sec 
Bibl.  Brit.;  Lowndes's  Bibl.  Man. 

Gordon,  John.     Serm.  on  the  Union,  Lon.,  1604, 4to. 
Gordon,  John,  of  Glencat.  Autobiog.,  Lon.,1733,  Svo. 
Gordon,  John,   of  Buthlaw.     De    Nuptijs   Roberti 
Senescalli   Scoti:c   atque    Elizabelhaj    Morse    Dissertatio, 
Edin.,  1749.     For   a   trans,  of  this    work — highly  com- 
mended— see  Scotia  Rediviva,  vol.  i.,  Edin.,  1826,  Svo. 

Gordon,  John.  Specimen  Animadversionum  Criti- 
carum  in  priscam  Evangeliorum  Gothicam ;  item  novse 
ejusdem  versionis  interpretationis  Latince,  Edin.,  1760, 
Svo. 

Gordon,  John.  The  Famous  Bull,  or  Constitution 
Unigenitus,  Ac;  related  in  the  Memoirs  of  John  Gordon, 
who  was  thirteen  years  in  the  Scots  College  at  Paris ;  2d 
ed.,  Lon.,  12mo,  sine  iniiio. 

Gordon,  John,  D.D.,  Archdeacon  of  Lincoln,  d.  1793, 
aged  68.  1.  Serm.,  Camb.,  1767,  4to.  2.  Serm.,  Lon., 
1771.  410. 

Gordon,  John.  Poems,  Lon.,  1807,  '12,  12mo. 
Gordon,  John,  M.D.  Lect.  on  Anat.  and  Physiol., 
Edin.  1.  Structure  of  the  Brain,  comprising  an  estimate 
of  the  claims  of  Drs.  Gall  and  Spurzhcim,  Edin.,  1807,  Svo. 
2.  A  System  of  Anatomy,  1S15,  Svo;  engravings  (22)  to 
do.,  1817,  Svo. 

■•.\  much-esteemed  work." — Loi'mdes's  Bibl.  Man. 
3  Lcct.  on  Human  Physiology,  1817,  Svo.     4.  Caloric; 
Tlioiii.  Ann.  Piiilos.,  1814. 

Gordon,  John.  Eng.  Spelling,  Lou.,  1814,  ISmo. 
Gordon,  I'rol'.  Lewis,  of  (jlasgow.  1.  Lect.  on 
Civil  Engineering  :ind  Mechanics,  Edin.,  r.  Svo.  2.  Tr.ans. 
of  Prof.  Julius  Weisbach's  Principles  of  the  Mechanics  of 
Machinery  and  Engineering,  1S47-4S,  2  vols.  Svo.  First 
Amcr.  ed.,  with  addjts.  by  Prof.  Walter  R.  Johnson,  Phila., 
1S49.  2  vols.  Svo. 


GQB 


GOB 


"  The  most  valuable  contribution  to  practical  science  that  has 
yet  appeared  in  this  country."— i('?t.  Athemruvi. 

"In  every  way  worthy  of  being;  recommended  to  our  readers." 

— Franklin  JnsUtutc  Jintr. 

Goriloii,  Kev.  Louilon  Ilareoiirt.  An  Apology 
for  the  CoiidtK-t  of  the  (iurclons,  <ic.  rel.  tu  Mrs.  Lee,  Lon., 
1804,  Svn. 

Gordon,  Lady  Lucie  Duff,  wife  of  Sir  Alexander 
Duff  Gordon,  is  a  daughter  of  Mrs.  Sarah  Austin  ;  see  ante. 
1.  Trans,  of  Niebuhr's  Greek  Legends.  2.  Trans,  from 
the  German  of  The  Amber  Witch  :  the  mo.st  interesting 
Trial  for  Witchcraft  yet  known,  Lon.,  1841,  p.  Svo.  A 
new  English  ed.  was  pub.  in  1849,  l8mo. 

'*lf  this  work  by  genuine,  it  is,  undoubtedly,  as  it  announces 
itself,  the  most  interesting  nf  all  those  strange  trials  for  witch- 
craft, so  absorbing  and  souiLtimes  so  inexplicable,  which  occur 
at  a  certain  period  in  almost  every  country  in  ICurnpe;  if  it  be  a 
fiction,  it  is  worthy — we  can  give  nobi;,'her  praise — of  Defoe.  The 
editor  professes  to  have  found  the  manus'iipt  in  a  manner  by  no 
means  improbable,  yet  rather  too  like  that  which  the  author  of 
Waverley.  as  well  as  many  others  of  inferittr  name,  have  been  so 
fond  of  playing  off  upon  us.  It  was  bron^ibt  to  him  by  his  sexton 
out  of  a  niche  or  closet  in  the  chutih,  w  here  it  had  long  lain  hid 
among  a  heap  of  old  hymn-books  and  us.-less  parish-accounts.  We 
have  read  nothing  for  a  long  time,  in  fiction  or  in  history,  which 
has  so  completely  riveted  and  absorbed  our  attention." — Lou. 
(^uar.  ii*et'.,  Jttne,  1S44. 

But  hear  the  conclusion  of  tbe  story: 

"The  Amber  Witch  is  one  of  the  '  Curiosities  of  Literature,'  for 
in  the  last  German  editiou  (he  author  is  obliged  to  prove  that  it 
is  entirely  a  work  of  imagination,  and  not,  as  almost  all  the  Ger- 
man critics  believed  it  to  be  when  it  appeared,  thf  reprint  of  an 
old  chronicle.  It  was.  in  fact,  written  as  a  trap  for  the  disciples 
of  Strauss  and  his  sch'iol,  who  had  pronounced  the  Scriptures  of 
the  Old  and  New  Testaments,  from  historical  research,  assisted 
by  'internal  evidence,'  to  be  a  collection  of  legeuds.  Meinbuld 
did  not  spare  them  when  they  fell  into  the  snare,  and  made  merry 
with  the  historiciil  knowledge  and  critical  acumen  that  could  not 
detect  the  contemporary  romancer  uudiT  the  ni.tsk  of  the  chronicler 
of  two  centuries  ago,  while  they  decided  so  jmsitively  as  to  the 
authority  of  thu  most  ancient  writings  in  the  world." — Lun.  Ttnu^s, 
Juhj,  1850. 

3.  Trans,  of  Lt.  Lamping's  [a  young  Oldenburg  soldier] 
work  entitled,  The  French  in  Algiers,  1844,  p.  Svo. 

*'The  events  are  described  in  a  pleasing  style  of  easy  epistolary 
narrative.  The  glimpsi-s  which  they  alTord  of  Ih*^  bai-barities  of 
the  French  African  war  fully  confirm  the  worst  opiiiions  which  we 
had  formed  on  the  suttject." — N'>rtlo:m  Whiy. 

4.  Trans,  from  the  German  of  Ritter  Von  Feuerbach's 
Remarkable  Crimes  and  Trials,  1846,  Svo. 

"  The  reader  is  taken  into  a  new  woi'ld.  in  which  al!  is  grotesque 
and  borrilile.  .  .  .  The  secrets  of  the  prisou-house  are  opened  to 
him."— £i////.  }{t>,i\ 

'The  tiansbttion  is  excellent,  and  a  judicious  compression  of 
the  original  has  added  much  to  the  effect.'' — Loti.  ExanUmr, 

"Lady  Gordon  possesses  in  a  high  degree  the  rare  faculty  of 
translation,  to  which  she  has  a  hereditary  right.  .She  has  skil- 
fully pruned  the  luxuriant  details  of  some  of  the  cases,  and  omit^ 
ted  the  disquisilions  on  evidence  and  othei-  h'g.il  topics,  which, 
however  valuable  in  themselves,  would  be  uninteresting  to  gene- 
ral readers.  The  present  collection  of  criminal  cases  forms,  as  far 
as  we  are  aware,  the  most  interesting  specimen  existing  in  our 
language." — 1  Law  Mtig.,  N.  S.,  310;  and  see  4  Law  Rev. 

The  legal  student  should  add  to  this  volume  Dumas's 
Celebrated  Crimes. 

"Dumas's  book  is  very  striking.  The  tragedy  of  Truth — the 
serious  side  of  what  is  called  the  Romance  of  Real  Life — had  never 
such  startling  illusti-ation  as  this  remarkable  book  aff.>rds.  What 
a  story  is  that  of  the  Marchioness  de  Ganges!" — Loti.  Examiner. 

5.  Trans,  of  Stella  and  Vanessa;  a  Novel,  by  L6on  de 
Wailly.  6.  Trans,  of  Ferdinand  and  Maximilian,  by  Ranke. 
7.  Trans,  of  the  Village  Doctor,  by  the  late  Comtesse  d'Ar- 
bouville.  8.  Trans,  of  MoUke's  Russian  Campaigns  of 
1S28-29  on  the  Danube;  pub.  in  1S54.  9.  In  conjunction 
Tvith  Sir  Alexander  Duff  Gordon,  Trans,  of  Ranke's  Me- 
moirs of  the  House  of  Brandenburg,  and  Hist,  of  Prussia, 
1849,  3  vols.  Svo. 

Gordon,  N.  M.  Alleghan;  a  Poem  in  Nine  Books, 
Cin.,  1855,  12mo.  In  blank  verse.  The  theme  of  the 
poem  is  the  spread  of  the  Gospel. 

Gordon,  Patrick,  1.  Neptunus  Britannicus  Cory- 
donis,  Lon.,  1613,  4to.  2.  Historie  of  Penardo  and  Laissa, 
&Q.,  in  heroik  Verse,  Dort,  1615,  12nin.  3.  The  famovs 
Historie  of  Robt.  Bruce,  Jcc,  Dort,  161iJ,  4to;  Ediu., 
1718,  12mo. 

Gordon,  Patrick.     Geography,  &c.,  1693,  Ac. 

Gordon,  Patrick,  Lt.-Gov.  of  Penna.  Two  Indian 
Treaties  at  Conestogue,  172S;  Phila.,  1728,  fol. 

Gordon,  Pryse  Lockhart.  Personal  Memoirs; 
or,  Reminiscences  of  Men  and  Manners  at  Home  and 
Abroad  during  the  last  Half- Century,  with  occasional 
sketches  of  the  Author's  Life,  Lon.,  1830,  2  vols.  Svo. 

"With  many  pleasant  anecdotes  of  men  and  things,  we  have  in 
these  volumes  an  abundance  of  commonplace  and  almost  puerile 
narrative,  which  necessarily  must  take  the  load  in  fixing  a  charac- 
ter on  this  book." — Lou.  Month.  Rev. 


"The  best  collection  of  real  anecdotes  and  adventures  that  we 
have  seen  for  many  a  day." — Lnn.  ,Sprctu(or. 

"We  know  not  any  species  of  work  so  calculated  to  give  a  real 
view  of  life  in  its  infinite  varieties." — Court  Jnurnal. 

Gordon,  Robert,  of  Stralogh,  Scotland,  d.  about 
1650,  wrote  a  topographical  work  entitled  Theatrum  Scotite, 
illustrated  with  maps,  and  dedicated  to  Cromwell.  It  was 
printed  at  Amsterdam. 

"On  y  trouve  une  description  compl&te  de  rficosse,  avec  des 
cartes  particuli^res  de  chaque  comte.  On  y  ajnute  le  livre  de 
Buchanan,  De  Jure  regni  apud  .Scotos." — Biog.  ITuiiers. 

Gordon,  Robert.     Deafness;  Med.  Com..  1775. 

Gordon,  Sir  Robert,  of  Gordonstouu.  Bart.,  Gen- 
tleman of  the  Bedchamber  to  K.  James  I.  and  K.  Charles 
I.,  &c.  A  Genealogical  Hist,  of  the  Earldom  of  Suther- 
land, Edin.,  1S13,  fol.  Bindley,  Pt.  1,  2046,  £1  13». 
Largest  paper,  Brookett.  1329,  £1  19*.  One  copy  was 
struck  off  on  vellum  for  the  Marquis  of  Stafford.  This 
splendid  volume,  edited  by  Henry  Weber,  was  pub.  under 
the  auspices  and  at  the  charge  of  the  Marchioness  of 
Stafl'ord,  (in  her  own  right  Countess  of  Sutherland.) 

"The  paper,  printing,  and  style  of  getting  up  are  worthy  of  the 
intrinsic  value  of  the  Toluuies.  Such  works  are  sometimes  not 
only  highly  curious  and  interesting,  but  are  absolutely  necessary 
to  the  Historian  and  Antiijuary  for  the  satisfactory  completion  of 
their  historical  labours.  In  this  work  we  have  materials  which 
equally  appertain  to  English  and  Scottish  history." — JJibi/iit's  Bibl. 
Spenseriuna. 

The  bibliographer  must  not  fail  to  procure  if  he  can— 
which  is  greatly  to  bo  questioned — A  Catalogue  of  the  Sin- 
gular .and  Curious  Library,  originally  formed  between  1610 
and  1650,  by  Sir  Robert  Gordun,  of  Gordounstoun,  .fee, 
with  some  addits.  by  his  successors,  comprising  an  extra- 
ordinary number  of  rarities  in  the  literature  of  the  six- 
teenth and  seventeenth  centuries.  Sold  by  auction,  Lon- 
don, in  J\I:iri'h  and  April,  1816. 

Gordon,  Robert,  D.D.,  minister  of  the  Free  High 
Church,  Ediu.  22  Evangelical  Serms-,  Edin.,  1825,  '26, 
'33,  8vo. 

"  These  are  orations,  these  are  arguments,  worthy  of  a  high  and 
permanent  place  in  our  theological  literature.  They  display  a 
vigour  and  originality  of  thought  which  it  is  truly  refreshing  to 
meet  with  in  printed  sermons,  and  are,  at  the  same  time,  bnldly 
explicit  in  the  enunciation  of  the  Gospel  system." — Lnyi,  J-Mectic 
Ji(v. 

In  The  Mourner's  Companion,  1825,  12mo,  containing 
treatises  by  Flavel,  Cecil,  and  Shaw,  will  be  found  an  Es- 
say by  Dr.  Gordon. 

"This  volume  is  well  IStted  to  be  a  companion  to  the  afflicted; 
nor  can  the  Christian  rise  from  the  perusal  of  the  treatises  witlmut 
some  salutary  impressions,  calculatrd  to  soothe  him  under  present 
sufl'ering,  or  tit  him  for  meeting  future  trials  with  devout  acqui- 
escence in  the  divine  appointment." 

Gordon,  T.  Trans,  of  ftlenzel's  Hist,  of  German 
Literature,  with  Notes,  Oxf..  1840,  4  vols.  p.  8vo. 

"  There  is  no  higher  name  in  the  living  literature  of  his  country 
than  ^lenzel:  he  is  eloquent  and  popular  at  the  same  time." — 
BUickiimid's  Mag. 

Gordon,  Tliomas,  16S4?-1750,  a  native  of  Kirkcud- 
bright, (ialloway,  settled  in  Loudon,  and  became  a  noted 
political  and  religious  writer.  1.  Tacitus,  trans,  into  Eng- 
lish, &c.,  Lon.,  1728-31,  2  vols.  fol.  2.  The  Independent 
Whig;  or,  a  Defence  of  Primitive  Christianity,  1732,  2 
vols.  12mo.  3.  Sallust,  trans,  into  English,  1744,  4to. 
4.  Review  of  a  pamph.  by  Chas.  Yorke,  1740,  Svo.  5.  In 
conjunction  with  John  Trenehard,  Cato's  Letters,  1724, 
'37,  '48,  "55,  4  vols.  12mo.  6,  7.  Two  Collec.  of  Tracts:  I. 
A  Cordial  for  Low  Spirits,  1750,  3  vols.  12mo:  3d  ed.,  by 
Richard  Baron,  1763,  3  vols.  12mo.  II.  The  Pillars  of 
Priestcraft  and  Orthodoxy  Shaken,  1750,  2  vols.  12mo, 
New  cd..  by  Richard  Baron,  1768,  4  vols.  12mo. 

Gordon,  Thomas,  1.  Naval  Architecture,  Lon., 
1784,  Svo.     2.  British  Fisheries,  1785,  Svo. 

Gordon,  Thomas,  of  Aberdeenshire,  General  of  a 
Division  of  the  Greek  Army.  Hist,  of  the  Greek  Revolu- 
tion, Lon.,  1832,  2  vols.  Svo;  2d  ed.,  Lon.,  1842. 

"It  is  utterly  impossible  for  us  to  do  any  thing  like  justice  to 
the  merits  of  these  important  volumes;  but  we  have  seen  more 
than  enough  to  justify  us  in  declariug  that  they  must  at  once  take 
tht-'ir  rank  among  our  standard  liistorit'S." — Lan.  Athenmum. 

■'  Hundreds  of  books  have  been  written  about  the  Greek  Revo- 
lution, but  its  history  is  now  truly  written  for  the  first  time." — 
Lou.  Examiurr. 

Gordon,  Thomas  F.  1.  Digest  of  the  Laws  of  tho 
United  States,  Phila.,  1S27,  Svo;  4th  ed.,  1851. 

"An  exceedingly  useful  work,  very  carefully  prepared." — Jfor- 
vin'sLeg.Bihl.^VJ.;  IS  Amer.Jur.^-Z'l'A;  19,257;  1  Lrg.  Exam.,  263. 

2.  Hist,  of  Pennsylvania  from  its  Discovery  to  1776, 
1823,  '29,  Svo.  3.  Hist,  of  New  Jersey  from  its  Discovery 
to  17S9,  Trenton,  1831,  Svo.  4.  The  Hist,  of  America, 
Phila.,  1 831.  2  vols.  12mo.  The  first  two  vols,  of  the 
Cabinet  of  American  History.  Two  more  were  pub.  in 
1832  :  see  No.  5.     5.  The  Hist,  of  Ancient  JVlexico,  2  vols. 

707 


GOR 


GOR 


12mo.     See  No.  4.     6.  Gazetteer  of  New  Jersey,  Trenton,  I 
1834,  8vo.     7.  Gazetteer  of  New  York,  lx:i6,  8vo. 

Gordon,  W'm.     1.  Serm.,  1710.  4tu.    2.  Do.,  1717,  Svo. 

Gordon,  >Vm.   Theolog.  treatises,  Lon.,  1718,  '19,  Svo. 

Gordon,  Wra.  Hist,  of  tlie  Ancient  Noble  and  lUust. 
Family  of  tiie  Gordons  to  1690,  Edin.,  1726,  2  vols.  8vo. 

'■  CoIIecti'd  from  Scots  and  foreign  historical  manuscripts,  records, 
and  registers  of  the  nation." 

Gordon,  W'm.     Serm.,  1746,  Svo. 

Gordon,  Wm.  1.  The  Universal  Accountant  and 
Complete  Merchant,  1763,  '65,  '74,  2  vols.  Svo. 

"A  worli  of  this  Itiud  adapted  to  the  present  state  of  science 
and  commerce  is  a  desideratum  " — McOnWjcti's  Lit.  of  PnlU.  Econ. 

Mr.  McCuUoch  heads  the  department  devoted  to  Book- 
keeping and  Mercantile  Accounts  in  the  valuable  work 
from  which  we  have  just  quoted,  with  the  following  apt 
citation  from  an  eminent  authority: 

*'The  couutiug-house  of  an  accomplished  merchant  is  a  school 
of  method,  where  the  great  science  m.iy  be  learned  of  ranging  par- 
ticulars under  generals,  of  bringing  the  different  parts  of  a  trans- 
action together,  and  of  showing  at  one  view  a  long  series  of  dealing 
and  exchange.  Let  no  man  venture  into  large  business  while  he 
is  ignoi-ant  of  the  method  of  regulating  books;  never  let  him 
imagine  that  any  degree  of  natural  abilities  will  enable  him  to 
supply  this  deficiency  or  preserve  multiplicity  of  affairs  from  in- 
extricable confusion.'' — Dr.  Johnson:  Pn-Jaix  to  Rolfs  Dictivnuru 
tif  Trade  and  Oiin7yi<:rcc. 

2.  Arithmetic,  1779,  12mo.  3.  Livy,  in  English,  1813, 
12mo. 

Gordon,  Wm.     Thanksg.  Serm.,  Lon.,  1776,  Svo. 

Gordon,  Wm.,  D.D.,  1729-1807,  a  native  of  Hitchin, 
Hertfordshire,  England,  was  pastor  of  an  Independent 
church  at  Ipswich,  and  was  subsequently  successor  to  Dr. 
David  Jennings  in  the  church  at  Old  Gravel  Lane,  Wap- 
ping.  In  1770  he  removed  to  America,  and  became  minister 
of  the  Third  Church,  Roxbury,  Mass.  In  1786  he  returned 
to  England,  and  preached  both  at  St.  Neot's,  Huntingdon- 
shire, and  at  Ipswich.  He  died  in  the  latter  place  Oct.  19, 
1807.  He  pub.  semis.,  Ac,  1772,  '75,  '77,  'S3;  an  Abridgt. 
of  Jonathan  Edwards's  Treatise  on  the  Religious  Affec- 
tions, and  a  History  of  the  Rise,  Progress,  and  Establish- 
ment of  the  Independency  of  the  U.  States  of  America, 
Ac,  Lon.,  1788,  4  vols.  Svo;  N.  York,  17S9,  3  vols.  Svo  ; 
1794,  3  vols.  Svo. 

"The  language  of  this  work  deserves  little  encomium,  but  the 
merit  of  fidelity  is  the  first  qualification  in  an  historian;  and  to 
that  claim  we  believe  the  piesent  dispassionate  writer  is  fully  en- 
titled."— Lou.  Month.  Hnv.,  Mn/.  ITs'j,  441.  44:2. 

"The  History  of  Gordon,  in  tour  thick  octavo  volumes,  will,  in 
like  manner,  be  consulted  with  best  effect  when  other  accounts 
have  been  perused.  The  author  appears  to  have  access  to  good 
sources  of  information;  and  the  work  is  an  immense  assemblage 
of  tacts,  presented  to  the  reader  with  little  or  no  comment,  aud 
with  great  impartiality." — Smi/th's  Lects.  on  Mod.  Hist. 

But  audi  alteram  partem  : 

"This  however  is  rather  a  collection  of  facts  than  a  regular  his- 
tory, for  the  writing  of  which,  indeed,  the  author  had  no  talent ; 
his  style  is  vulgar  and  confused,  and  his  reflections  commonplace. 
The  best  parts  of  it  occur  where  he  made  most  use  of  Dodsle.v's 
Annual  Register.  The  colouring  be  attempts  to  give,  as  may  be 
expected,  is  entirely  unfavourable  to  the  English,  nor  does  he  en- 
deavour  to  disguise  his  partialities." — Supp.  vol.  to  the  Diet.  Ilist.. 
1812. 

"  There  arises  some  suspicion  that  Dr.  Gordon  actually  wrote 
under  the  influence  of  .Vmerican  prejudice." — Lon.  Critical  Etr. 

Gordon,  Wra.,  M.D.,  1801-1849,  was  educated  at  Ri- 
pon,  Engl.and,  in  the  vicinity  of  which  city  he  was  born. 
After  some  years'  experience  as  a  general  practitioner,  in 
1841  he  took  the  degree  of  M.D.,  and  settled  as  a  physi- 
cian in  Hull.  1.  Academical  Examin.ations  on  the  Practice 
of  Surgery,  1828.  2.  Critical  Inquiry  concerning  a  new 
Membrane  of  the  Eye,  1832.  3.  Contributions  to  Medical 
Journals.  See  The  Christian  Philosopher  triumphing  over 
Death ;  a  narrative  of  the  Closing  Scenes  of  the  Life  of 
the  late  Wm.  Gordon,  M.D.,  F.L.S.,  of  Kingston-npon-HuU, 
by  Newman  Hall,  Lon.,  1849,  12mo;  5th  cd.,  1854.  Wo 
have  referred  to  this  work  in  our  life  of  Godman,  Joir.v  D. 

Gore,  Mrs.  Catherine  Grace,  a  celebrated  English 
novelist,  the  widow  of  Mr.  Charles  Gore,  has  perhaps  done 
more  to  familiarize  the  public  mind  with  the  tone  of  fash- 
ionable manners  and  conversation  than  any  other  writer 
of  the  day.  The  following  alphabetical  list  of  her  writings 
presents  the  best  illustration  of  her  literary  industry. 
From  the  date  of  her  first  work,  (about  1823,) — Theresa 
Marchmont;  or.  The  Maid  of  Honour, — Mrs.  Goro  has  been 
in  constant  communication  with  the  public.  1.  Agathonia, 
1844,  12mo.  2.  Ambassador's  Wife,  1S42,  3  vols.  p.  Svo. 
3.  Banker's  Wife,  1843,  3  vols.  cr.  Svo.  4.  Birthright,  and 
other  Tales,  1843,  3  vols.  p.  Svo.  5.  Bond ;  a  Dramatic 
Poem,  Svo.  6.  Cabinet  Minister,  1839,  3  vols.  p.  Svo. 
7.  Castles  in  the  Air,  1847,  3  vols.  p.  Svo.  8.  Cecil ;  or. 
Adventures  of  a  Co.xcomb,  1845,  3  vols.  p.  Svo;  1849, 
12mo.     9.  Courtier  of  the  Days  of  Charles  the  Second, 


and  otber  Tales,  1839,  3  vols.  p.  Svo.  10.  Daerc  of  the 
South,  or  the  Olden  Time;  a  Tragedy,  1840,  Svo.  11.  De- 
bntante,  2d  ed.,  1846,  3  vols.  p.  Svo.  12.  Dean's  Daughter; 
or.  The  Days  We  Live  In,  1853,3  vols.  p.  Svo.  13.  Diamond 
and  the  Pearl,  1848,  3  vols.  p.  Svo.  14.  Diary  of  a  Desen- 
nuyee,  1836,  2  vols.  p.  Svo.  15.  Dowager;  or.  Modern 
School  of  Scandal,  1840,  3  vols.  p.  Svo;  1854,  12mo. 
16.  Fair  of  May  Fair,  1832,  3  vols.  p.  Svo.  17.  Fascination, 
and  other  Tales,  (edited  by  Mrs.  Gore,)  1842,  3  vols.  p.  Svo. 

18.  Greville;  or,  A  Season  in  Paris,  1841,  3  vols.  p.  Svo. 

19.  Hamiltons,  3  vols.  p.  Svo;  1850,  12mo.  20.  Heir  of 
Selwood,  1838,  3  vols.  p.  Svo.  21.  Historical  Traveller, 
1831,  2  vols.  p.  Svo.  22.  Hung.arian  Tales,  3  vols.  p.  Svo. 
23.  Inundation;  a  Christmas  Story,  1843,  '50,  12mo.  24. 
Lady  Leighton.  25.  Lettre  de  Cachet;  The  Reign  of 
Terror;  two  tales,  1S27,  p.  Svo.  26.  Lost  Son.  New  eil., 
1854,  12mo.  27.  Mammon ;  or,  the  Hardships  of  an 
Heiress,  1855,  3  vols.  p.  Svo.  28.  Man  of  Fortune,  and 
other  Tales,  1841,  3  vols.  p.  Svo.  29.  Manners  of  the 
Day;  or.  Women  as  they  are,  1S30,  3  vols.  p.  8vo.  30. 
Mary  Raymond,  and  other  "Tales,  1S37,  3  vols.  p.  Svo. 
31.  Memoirs  of  a  Peeress ;  edited  by  Lady  Charlotte  Bury. 
3  vols.  p.  Svo.  32.  Men  of  Capital;  Two  Stories,  1S46. 
3  vols.  p.  Svo.     33.  Modern  Chivalry,  1843,  2  vols.  cr.  Svo. 

34.  Money-Lender,   1843,   3  vols.  cr.  Svo;     1854,  12mo. 

35.  Mothers  .and  D.aughters,  1831,  3  vols.  p.  Svo;  1834, 
*49,  12mo.  36.  Mrs.  Armytage;  or.  Female  Domination. 
3  vols.  p.  Svo;  1848,  12mo.  37.  New  Year's  Day,  1846, 
'50,  12mo.  38.  Opera  ;  a  Story  of  the  Beau  Monde,  3  vols, 
p.  Svo.  39.  Ormington,  or  Cecil  a  Peer:  a  sequel  to 
Cecil  a  Coxcomb,  1842,  3  vols.  p.  Svo.  40.  Paris,  Pictu- 
resque and  Romantic;  letter-press  by  Mrs.  Gore,  with  21 
illustrations  by  Mr.  T.  Allom,  1842,  r.  Svo.  41.  Peers  and 
Parvenus,  1846,  3  vols.  p.  Svo.  42.  Pin-Money,  3  vols.  p. 
Svo.  43.  Polish  Tales,  3  vols.  p.  Svo.  44.  Popular  Mem- 
ber, and  other  Tiilcs,  1844,  3  vols.  p.  Svo.  45.  Prefer- 
ment; or,  my  Uncle  the  Earl,  1S39,  3  vols.  p.  Svo.  46. 
Progress  and  Prejudice,  1854,  3  vols.  p.  Svo.  47.  Queen 
of  Denmark,  1845,  3  vols.  p.  Svo.  48.  Quid  Pro  Quo;  a 
Comedy,  Svo.  49.  Romances  of  Real  Life,  3  vols.  p. 
Svo.  50.  Rose-Fancier's  Manual,  a  trans,  from  the  French. 
1838,  p.  Svo.  51.  Self,  3  vols.  p.  Svo.  52.  Sketch-Book 
of  Fashion,  3  vols.  p.  Svo.  53.  Sketches  of  English  Cha- 
racter, 1846,  2  vols.  p.  Svo  ;  1S52,  12mo.  54.  Suow-Storm  ; 
a  Christmas  Story,  1845,  '50,  '54;  12mo.  55.  Soldier  of 
Lyons,  1841,  '49,  12mo.  56.  Stokeshill  Place;  or.  The 
Man  of  Business,  1837,  3  vols.  p.  Svo.  57.  Story  of  a 
Royal  Favourite,  1S46,  3  vols.  p.  Svo.  58.  Temptation 
and  Atonement,  1847,  3  vols.  p.  Svo.  59.  The  Lover  and 
the  Husband,  (a  free  trans,  of  M.  Bertrand's  Gerfault;J 
The  Woman  of  a  Certain  Age,  Ac,  1841,  3  vols.  p.  Svo. 
60.  The  Peeress.  61.  Theresa  Marchmont;  or,  the  Maid 
of  Honour,  about  1S23.  ISmo.  62.  Tuileries,  3  vols.  p. 
Svo.  63.  Two  Broken  Hearts;  a  Poem,  Svo.  64.  Womau 
of  Business.  65.  Woman  of  the  World,  183S,  3  vols.  p.  Svo. 
This  list  might  be  lengthened  by  [he  addition  of  The  Maid 
of  Croissy,  The  Sledge-Driver, — dramas  from  the  French, 
— The  School  for  Coquettes,  a  Comedy ;  Life's  Lesson,  1856 ; 
The  Two  Aristocracies,  1857,  and  a  number  of  works  pub. 
without  the  author's  name.  Mrs.  Goro  is  said  to  have  in 
preparation  for  tho  press.  Memoirs  of  the  Present  Cen- 
tury, Social,  Literary,  and  Political,  (1858.) 

'The  success  of  this  popular  novelist  in  her  sketches  of 
the  prevailing  tone  of  fashionable  society  is  admitted  by 
the  ablest  critics  : 

"The  more  respectable  of  Mrs. Gore's  personages  are  affecters 
of  an  excessive  prudery  concerning  the  decencies  of  life, — njiy, 
occasionally  of  an  exalted  aud  mystical  religious  feeling.  What- 
ever, therefore,  they  do,  is  a  fair  and  absolute  measure  of  the  pri>- 
vailing  opinions  of  the  class,  aud  may  l)e  regarded  as  not  deroga- 
tory to  their  position  in  the  eyes  of  their  equals.  But  the  low 
aver.age  standard  of  morality  thus  depicted,  with  its  conventional 
distinctions,  cannot  be  invented.  It  forms  the  atmosphere  in 
which  the  parties  live;  and  were  it  a  fictitious  compound,  fabri- 
cated at  the  author's  pleasure,  the  beiugs  who  breathe  it  could  not 
but  be  universally  acknowledged  as  fantastical,  and  as  mere 
monstrosities;  they  would,  indeed,  be  incapable  of  acting  in 
harmony  and  consistence  with  the  known  laws  and  usages  of 
civil  life.  If  the  situations  and  dialogues  of  Mrs.  Gore's  novels  be 
compared  with  these  usages  and  laws,  and  with  any  of  the  records 
of  the  actual  sayings  and  doings  of  high  life, — such  as  a  series  of 
parliamentary  reports,  county  meetings,  race-course  transactions, 
Ac,  they  will  be  found,  with  a  reasonable  allowance  for  artistic 
colouring,  to  reflect  accurately  enough  the  notions  current  among 
the  upper  classes  respecting  religion,  politics,  domestic  morals, 
the  social  affections,  and  that  coarse  aggregate  of  dealing  with  our 
neighbours  which  is  embraced  by  the  term  common  houesty, 

"It  is  this  average  morality  of  the  aristocratic  classes  that 
chiefly  concerns  society  at  large.  The  specific  overt  acts  of  high 
life  are  as  much  out  of  the  reach  of  imitation  by  inferiors  as  its 
deportment  and  carriage."— ion.  AUiaiaum,  1839,  8S8,  889.  Head 
the  whole  of  this  p.apBr. 


GOB 


GOR 


"  Many  of  Mrs.  Gore's  novels  are  works  in  which  the  present 
state  of  society  and  manners  is  more  or  less  clearly  impressed: 
they  are  ptcturesof  the  time,  and  no  more." — Allan  Cunninguam: 
Bioff.  and  Ci-it.  Hist,  of  the  Lit.  of  the  Laat  Fifty  I'mrs. 

"Among  the  novelists  of  the  day,  Mrs.  Gore  is  entitled  to  a 
high  place." — Edin.  I!ev. 

'•  Mrs.  Gore's  style  is  always  animated,  lipht,  and  playful.  Tt 
is  sustained  by  origiaality  of  thought,  and  sparkles  with  satirical 
allusions." 

"All  the  productions  of  Mrs.  Gore  afford  evidence  of  great  apti- 
tude, cleverness,  and  talent." — Lon.  Lit.  GmtJte. 

*'  Mrs,  Gore  is  certainly  foremost  among  the  female  novelists  of 
the  day,  for  wit,  acuteness  of  observation,  for  originality  of  re- 
mark, and  generally  for  her  graphic  powers." — Lon.  Observer. 

'■  The  novel  of  conventional  and  artificial  lify  belongs  to  no  one 
so  much  as  to  Mrs.  Gore.  Who  does  not  know  the  ring  of  her 
regular  sentences? — the  dialogue  which  chimes  in  exactly  the 
same  measure,  whether  the  speakers  speak  in  a  club,  or  in  the 
dowager-duchess's  sombre  and  pious  boudoir?" 

The  critic  proceeds  to  notice  the  sameness  of  this  lady's 
scenes  and  characters  in  her  different  works,  and  then 
continues : 

"  Nevertheless.  Mr?.  Gore's  novels  have  a  host  of  readers,  and 
Mrs.  Giires  readers  are  interested.  People  will  be  interested,  we 
Buspei.'t,  till  the  end  of  the  world,  in  the  old.  old  story  how  Edwin 
and  Angelina  fell  in  love  with  each  other;  how  they  were  sepa- 
rated, pciseruted,  and  tempted:  and  how  their  virtue  and  con- 
stancy triumphed  over  all  their  misfortunes.  And  there  is  much 
vivaiity  and  liveliness,  and  a  good  deal  of  shrewd  observation,  in 
these  books.  They  are  amusing,  pleasant  beguilers  of  a  stray 
hour;  and,  after  ail  our  grand  pretensions,  how  valuable  a  pro- 
perty is  this  in  the  geuns  novel,  which  proclaims  itself  an  ephe- 
meron  in  its  very  name!" — Modern  Novelists,  Great  a7ui  Small: 
Blackwood" s  M'ff.,  May,  1855. 

Gore,  Charles,     A  work  on  ships,  Lon.,  1790.  4to. 

Gore,  Christopher,  175S-1S27;  Governor  of  Mas- 
sachusetts, 1809;  U.  States  Senator,  1SI4-17;  pub.  a 
Masonic  Oration,  1783.  See  Amer.  Ann.  Reg.,  1S26-27, 
p.  339-341.  Gov.  Gore  left  to  Harvard  College  a  bequest 
amounting  to  nearly  one  hundred  thousand  dollars. 

Gore,  Henry.     Elements  of  S.  Geometry,  1733,  8vo. 

Gore,  John.     Serm.,  Phil.  iv.  II,  Lou.,  1634.  4to. 

Gore,  Montagu.  Some  Remarks  on  the  Foreign 
Relations  of  England  nt  the  present  Crisis,  Lon.,  1838, 
8vo.  Reviewed  by  Lrjrd  Brougham  in  the  Edin.  Rev., 
Ixviii.  495-537  ;  and  in  his  Contrib.  to  the  Edin.  Rev., 
vol.  ii.  132-184,  1856. 

Gore,  R.  T.,  of  the  Roy.  Coll.  of  Surgeons,  London. 
Trans,  of  J.  F.  Blumenbach's  Elements  of  Natural  His- 
tory. From  the  10th  German  ed.  New  ed.,  Lon.,  1826,  Svo. 

'•  It  is,  indeed,  remarkable  for  its  clear  arrangement,  and  for  the 
immense  quantity  of  interesting  and  valuable  information  it  con- 
tains, condensed  into  a  small  compass.  It  is  altogether  the  best 
Klementary  Book  on  Natural  History,  in  any  language." — Law- 
rence's Lectures. 

A  trans,  of  Blumenbach's  System  of  Comparative  Ana- 
tomy, with  addits.  by  W.  Lawrence,  was  pub.  in  1807,  8vo. 

Gore,  Thomas,  1G31-1684.  a  heraldic  writer,  a  na- 
tive of  Aldertou, Wiltshire,  was  educated  at  Magdalen  Coll., 
Oxf.,  and  was  subsequently  for  a  short  time  an  iumato 
of  Lincoln's  Inn.  1.  A  Table  showing  how  to  Blazon  a 
Coat  ten  several  ways,  lft55  ;  a  single  folio  sheet,  copied 
from  Sir  John  Feme,  q.  v.  2.  Nomenclator  Geographicus, 
&c.,  Oxon.,  1667,  8vo.  3.  Series  Alphabetica,  Latino- 
Anglica,  Nomina  Gentilitiorum,  sive  Cognominum  plumi- 
rarum  Familiarum,  quje  multos  per  Annos  in  Anglia 
tioruere,  Ac,  1667,  8vo.  4.  Catalogus  in  certa  Capita,  sen 
Classes,  alpbabetico  ordine  concinnatus,  plerorumque 
omnium  Authorum  (tarn  antiquorum  quam  recentiorum) 
qui  de  re  Heraldica,  Latine,  Gallice.  Ital..  Hispan.,  Germ., 
Anglice,  scripserunt:  &c.,  lt;68,  4to.  With  enlargements, 
1674,  4to.  In  this  lafalogue  raisonnee — for  such  it  is — we 
have  simply  the  names  of  the  authors,  and  brief  titles  of 
their  productions. 

"  This  work  displaved  much  tjilent,  and  the  hooks  were  classed 
in  a  scientific  method;  but  the  Ust  w.is  confined  entirely  to  an 
enumeration  of  the  names  of  authors,  and  brief  titles  of  their 
works.  The  tract  has  become  so  exceedingly  scarce,  that  it  is  now 
to  be  found  in  very  few  libraries,  and  its  purchase  is  only  to  be 
obtained  at  a  price  considerably  above  its  intrinsic  value."' — 
Mould's  Bill.  Heraldica,  (Pre/.)  q.  v. 

5.  Loyalty  Displayed  and  Falsehood  Unmasked,  Lon., 
16SI,  4to.     See  Athen.Oxon.  ;  Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  vol.  Ixii. 

Goree,  Father.     A  New  Island;  Phil.  Trans.,  1711. 

Gorges,  Sir  Arthnr.  Transcript,  &c.  rel.  to  an 
office  called  the  Public  Register  fur  General  Commerce, 
Lon.,  1611.  '12,  4to. 

Gorges,  Sir  Ferdinando,  d.  1647,  Proprietor  of 
the  Province  of  Maine,  was  the  Governor  of  Plymouth, 
and  an  early  member  of  the  Plymouth  Company  in  Eng- 
land. He  expended  £20,000  in  his  American  enterprises. 
A  narrative  of  his  proceedings  relative  to  the  settlement 
of  New  England  will  be  found  in  his  grandson  Ferdinando 


Gorges's  America  Painted  to  the  Life.  See  Belknap's 
Biog.  of  Gorges  ;   Bancroft's  Hist,  of  America. 

Gorges,  Ferdinando,  grandson  of  the  preceding 
and  inheritor  of  his  interests  in  New  England,  pub.  a  de- 
scription of  New  England,  entitled  America  Painted  to 
the  Life,  Lon.,  1059,  4to  ;  pub.  at  £1  1«.  It  is  seldom 
found  complete:  see  collation  in  Lowndes's  Bibl.  Man. 
Johnson's  Wonder-Working  Providence  is  annexed  to  some 
copies,  and  the  History  of  the  Spaniards'  Proceedings,  Ac, 
is  sometimes  found  separate. 

Gorham,  George  Cornelius,  Vicar  of  Brampford- 
Speke,  Devon.  1.  Public  Worship,  Lon.,  1809.  2.  Pro- 
ceedings rel.  to  2d  Anniv.  Camb.  Bible  Society,  1814. 
3.  Hist,  and  Antiq.  of  Eynesbury  and  St.  Neot's  in  Hun- 
tingdonshire, and  of  St.  Neot's  in  County  of  Cornwall, 
Lon.,  1820,  8vo.  3.  A  Statement  submitted  to  the  Mem- 
bers of  the  Brit,  and  For.  Bible  Soc.  on  the  impropriety 
of  circulating  the  Apocryphal  Books  indiscriminately  inter- 
mingled with  the  inspired  writings,  1825,  8vo. 

"Deserving  of  a  place  in  the  student's  library,  on  account  of  the 
various  and  interesting  information  which  it  contains  relative  to 
the  literary  History  of  the  Apocrypha.  The  second  edition  is  the 
best."— //i^rnf's  Bill.  Bib. 

It  elicited  two  Letters  from  L.  Von  Ess,  D.D.,  which 
were  pub.,  with  Mr.  Gorham's  Reply,  1826,  8vo.  See 
Home,  nfii  supra.  But  the  name  of  Gorham  is  suggestive 
of  another  controversy — with  the  Bishop  of  Exeter  and 
his  advocates,  on  the  efficacy  of  Infant  Baptism — which 
has  excited  great  interest  both  at  home  and  abroad. 
Respecting  this  matter,  we  refer  the  reader  to  the  Exa- 
mination of  Mr.  Gorham  before  the  Bishop  of  Exeter, 
1848,  8vo;  The  Gorham  Case  Complete,  5th  ed.,  1850, 
12mo;  The  Gorham  Case,  by  E.  F.  Moore,  1852,  r.  18mo ; 
The  Judicial  Com.  of  the  Privy  Council,  and  petition  fur 
a  Church  Triliunal  in  lieu  of  it,  1850,  Svo;  and  an  elabo- 
rate review  of  The  Gorham  Controversy  in  Edin.  Rev., 
xcii.  263-292. 

Gorham,  John,  M.D.,  of  Boston,  Mass.,  d.  1829. 
aged  46,  adjunct  Prof,  of  Chemistry  and  Materia  Mediea 
at  Cambridge,  1809  ;  of  Chemistry  and  Mineralogy,  1816. 
1.  Inaug.  Address,  1817.  2.  Elements  of  Chemical  Science, 
1819,  2  vols.  Svo.  3.  Con.  on  Sugar  to  Thom.  Ann.  Pbilos., 
1817. 

Gorham,  VVm.  Dividing  the  Land  of  Israel,  Ac,  Lon., 
1688.  This  is  by  some  supposed  to  be  the  production  of 
Thos.  Rannew. 

Goring,  C  Thoughts  on  Revelations,  «fec.,  Lon., 
1807,  8vo. 

"Shewing  the  unity  of  the  prophecies  of  Daniel  and  Esdras  with 
the  Apocalypse:  and  their  clear  explanation  of  the  events  which 
are  now  acting  in  Christendom."- — Lowndes's  Bibl.  Man. 

Goring,  Col.  His  Declaration  rel.  to  the  late  Con- 
spiracy, Ac,  1641,  4to. 

Gorrie,  Rev.  P.  Douglass,  b.  1813,  at  Glasgow, 
Scotland,  emigrated  to  the  II.  States,  1820.  1.  Essay  on 
Episcopal  Succession.  2.  Lives  of  Eminent  Methodist 
Ministers  in  Europe  and  America,  pp.  400.  3.  Black 
River  Conference  Memorial,  pp.  350.  4.  The  Churches 
and  Sects  in  the  U.  States,  N.  York.  1850,  12mo.  5.  Epis- 
copal Methodism  as  it  was  and  is.  Auburn,  1852, 12mo. 

Gorton,  John.  1.  500  Ques.  on  Goldsmith's  Hist  of 
Eng.,  Lon.,  1815,  18mo.  2.  Populat.  Returns  of  G.  Brit. 
for  1831,  Svo.  3.  A  General  Biographical  Dictionary, 
1828-30,  2  vols.  8vo.  Pub.  in  numbers.  Enlarged,  1833, 
3  vols.  8vo;  1841,  3  vols.  Svo.  New  ed.,  with  a  Supp.  to 
1850,  edited  by  Cyrus  Redding,  1851,  4  vols.  Svo. 

Notices  of  first  ed. : 

"This  Dictionary  is  peculiarly  valuable  as  a  work  of  reference 
for  the  general  reader,  on  account  of  information  respecting  pro- 
minent characters  that  have  tit^ured  on  the  stage  of  lifn  Iwing  more 
its  object  than  an  alphabetical  list  of  individuals  of  various  note 
and  merit:  and  upon  this  ground  particularly  it  lias  a  claim  to 
distinguished  notice.  Impartiality  is  another  recommendation; 
and.  as  far  as  we  have  observed,  this  spirit  is  very  creditably  main- 
tained throughout." — Lon.  New  M<mtli.  Mag. 

"Mr.  Gorton's  publication  is  altogether  one  of  great  excellence, 
calculated  to  be  useful  to  a  large  number  of  students,  and  deserv- 
ing extensive  popularity.  We  may  also  mention  that  it  is  suffi- 
ciently large  to  contain  every  thing  necessary,  but  not  too  exten- 
sive for  the  ordinary  purposes  of  study ;  filling,  in  this  respect,  an 
open  space  in  the  fields  of  biographical  lit«rature." — Lon.  Athe- 

4.  A  New  Topographical  Dictionary  of  G.  Brit,  and  Ire- 
land, with  maps  by  Sidney  Hall,  1830-33,  3  vols.  Svo  and 
1  vol.  4to.  Pub,  in  numbers.  See  Lon.  Month.  Rev., 
June,  1S30,  305. 

Gorton,  Samuel,  d.  1677.  at  an  advanced  age,  a 
native  of  Gorton,  England,  emigrated  to  New  England  in 
1636.  and  excited  great  opposition  by  the  theological 
opinions  which  he  preached.  For  particulars  respecting 
his  career  and  writings,  the  reader  is  referred  to  his  bio- 

709 


GOS 

graphy,  by  John  M.  Mackie,  in  Spurks's  Amer.  Biog.,  2d 
series,  v.  317-411.  1.  Simplicitie's  Defence  against  Seven- 
Headed  Policy,  Lon.,  1640,  sm.  4to;  2(1  ed.  1647.  It  was 
answered  by  Governor  Edward  AVinsluw,  1646.  "Winslow 
also  pub.  A  Narrative  of  Disturbances  made  in  New  Eng- 
land by  Samuel  Gorton  and  his  accomplices,  1649,  4to. 
Simplicitie's  Defence  was  rcpub.  in  vol.  ii.  Trans.  R. 
Island  Hist.  Soc.  2.  An  Incorruptible  Key,  compuscd  of 
the  ex.  Psalme.  &c.,  sm.  4to.  3.  Saltniarsh  returned  from 
the  Dead,  Ac,  1655,  sm.  4to.  4.  An  Antidote  against  the 
Common  Plague  of  the  AVorld,  &c.,  1657.  5.  Certain 
Copies  of  Letters,  &c.  He  also  left  some  works  in  manu- 
script. 

Gosdan,  Bookbinder,  St.  Martin's  Lane.  Songs  of 
the  Chase,  Racing,  &c.;  2d  ed.,  1813,  8vo. 

Gosling,  Mrs.  Jane.  1.  Moral  Essays  and  Reflec- 
tions, Sheflield,  17SU.  Svo.  2.  Ashdale  Village;  a  Moral 
Work  of  Fancy,  1794,  2  vols.  12mo. 

'■The  writtT  appears  to  possess  very  just  ideas  concerning  the 
female  chaiaoter.  and.  throu.;h  the  medium  of  her  fictitious  tale, 
which  is  chiftly  domestic,  conveys  useful  hints  to  parents  and 
children  on  the  iniportant  subject  of  female  education."— ion. 
Month.  Fev..  xv.  109. 

Gosling,  Robert.  Trans,  of  Desault's  Parisian  Chi- 
rurg.  Jour.,  Lon.,  1794,  2  vols.  Svo. 

Gosuell,  Thomas  K.  Book-keeping,  Lon.,  1796,  4to. 

Goswold,  Paul.     Serm.,  Oxon.,  1644,  4to. 

Goss,  Prothesia  S.  1.  The  Philanthrupist,  Lon., 
12mo.  2.  Spirit  of  .Sectarianism.  3.  The  Piedmonte.=;e 
Envoy;  or,  The  Men,  Manners,  and  Religion  of  the  Com- 
monwealth, 1S44,  12mo. 

"An  agreealjl3*-written  picture  of  the  times  of  the  Common- 
wealth."— Lon.  Sprdator. 

Gosse,  Philip  Henry,  b.  ISIO,  at  Worcester,  Eng- 
land, was  removed  in  infancy  to  Poole,  in  Dorsetshire. 
He  resided  eight  years  in  Newfoundland,  three  years  in 
Lower  Canada,  and  one  year  in  Alabama.  1.  The  Cana- 
dian Naturalist,  Lon.,  1840,  p.  Svo;  44  illust. 

'■  This  work  contains  the  observations  of  the  author  when  wan- 
dering, throughout  the  seasons  of  several  years,  in  the  woods  aud 
fields  of  Lower  Canada." — Advertisement. 

"An  elegant  volume,  comprising  much  information,  the  result 
of  local  knowledge." — Asiatic  Journal. 

"Replete  with  interesting  observation  and  good  feeling.  The 
wood-cuts  are  real  ornaments  to  a  text  which  could  well  afford  to 
stand  without  embellishment." — Colonial  Maijazine. 

''A  more  delightful  and  instructive  book  for  readers  of  all  ages 
can  scarcely  be  conceived." — United  Service  Gazette. 

2.  Birds  of  Jamaica,  1847,  p.  Svo.    Illust.  to  do.,  imp.  Svo. 
"A  very  attractive  and  original  volume,  valuable  to  the  natu* 

ralist  for  its  information,  and  acceptable  to  the  general  reader  for 
its  lifelike  descriptions  of  the  habits  of  the  birds  and  the  land- 
scapes in  which  they  are  found,  as  well  as  for  incidental  glimpses 
of  colonial  manners  and  habits." — L<ytt.  Spectator. 

3.  Nat.  Hist,  of  Birds,  Mammals,  Reptiles,  and  Fishes, 
1848-51,  4  vols.  fp.  8vo.  4.  Ocean  Described.  New  ed., 
1849,  12mo.  5.  British  Ornithology;  70  col'd  illust., 
1849,  sq.     New  ed.  1853. 

"This  was  a  book  much  wanted,  and  will  prove  a  boon  of  no 
common  value,  containing,  as  it  does,  the  names,  descriptions,  and 
habits  of  all  the  British  birds,  handsomely  got  up."— Lon.  Mirror. 

6.  Rivers  of  the  Bible,  illustrated,  1850.  p.  Svo;  2d  ed. 
1854.  7.  Hist,  of  the  Jews,  1S51,  p.  Svo.  8.  A  Naturalist's 
Sojourn  in  Jamaica,  1851,  p.  Svo.  9.  Text-Book  of  Zoo- 
logy for  Schools.  1851.  12iuo.  10.  Assyria.  1852,  p.  Svo. 
11.  A  Naturalist's  Rambles  on  the  Devonshire  Coast, 
1853,  p.  Svo.  12.  The  Aquarium;  an  Unveiling  of  the 
Wonders  of  the  Deep,  1854.  Svo. 

"If  it  once  gets  a  lodgment  in  drawing-room  or  srhool-room,  we 
may  safely  trust  to  every  boy  and  girl  of  spirit  that  there  will  be 
very  little  pe-ace  iu  that  devoted  household  till  it  has  made  au 
attempt  at  an  k(\\iKniiin:'—Bluck wood's  Mag.,  Aug.  1S66.     See 

13.  A  Hand-Book  of  the  Marine  Aquarium,  1855,  12mo. 
14.  Manual  of  Marine  Zoology,  1855-56.  15.  Tenby;  a 
Sea-Side  Holiday,  185(i.  16.  'introduc.  to  Zoology,  1856. 
2  vols.  17.  Omphalos  :  an  Attempt  to  Untie  the  Geological 
Knot,  1857.  18.  Hist,  of  Brit.  Sea-Anemones,  &c.,  1858,  Svo. 

Gosson,  Stephen,  1554-1623,  a  divine  and  poet,  a 
native  of  Kent,  educated  at  Christ  Church.  Oxf.,  became 
Rector  of  St.  Botolph,  Bishopsgate  Street,  London,  which 
post  he  retained  until  his  death.  It  is  much  to  his  credit 
that  he  was  distinguished  for  his  opposition  to  the  dra- 
matic entertainments  of  the  day.  1.  The  Schoole  of  Abuse, 
conteining  a  plesaunt  invective  against  Poetes,  Pipers, 
Players,  Jesters,  and  such  like  Caterpillars  of  a  Common- 
wealth. Lon.,  1579,  16mo;  1586,  '87.  4to.  One  of  the 
earliest  treatises  against  the  stage.  Reprinted  in  vol.  iii. 
of  the  Somers  Collection  of  Tracts,  2.  The  Ephemcrides 
of  Phialo,  deuided  into  three  books,  1679,  16aio;  15S5  or 
1586,  16mo.  3.  Plays  confuted  in  fine  Actions,  prouing 
that  they  are  not  to  be  suffred  in  a  Christian  Common- 
woale,  1580,  Svo.  4.  The  Trumpet  of  Warre;  a  Serm. 
710 


GOU 

on  2  Chron.  xx.  20,  1598,  Svo.  Gosson  also  wrote,  be- 
sides minor  poetical  pieces,  the  three  following  dramas, 
which  were  not  printed:  5.  Catiline's  Conspiracies.  6. 
The  Comedie  of  Captain  Mario.  7.  Praise  at  Parting; — 
Morality. 

'■  He  was  noted  for  his  admirable  penning  of  pastorals,  being  so 
excellent  therein  that  he  was  ranked  (by  Meres  in  his  Wit's  Trea- 
surie,  159S)  with  ?ir  Ph.  Sidney,  Tho.  Chaloner.  Edm.  Spencer, 
Abrah.  Frauncc.and  Rich.  Bernfield,  noted  poets  of  their  time."— 
Athm.  Oxmi. 

Gostelo,  Walter.  1.  Letter  to  the  Lord  Protector, 
Lon.,  1654,  fol.  2.  Charles  Stewart  and  Oliver  Cromwell 
united,  1656,  8vo.  3.  The  Coming  of  God  in  Mercy,  in 
Vengeance;  beginning  with  Fire,  to  convert  or  consume, 
at  this  so  sinful  City  London :  oh !  London,  London, 
1658,  Svo. 

'■  The  medical  term  halluduation ,  as  defined  by  Dr.  Ferrarin  his 
scientitic  and  rational  Theory  of  Apparitions,  may  be  well  applied 
to  describe  the  state  of  the  author's  mind  when  he  wrote  this 
siuL'ular  hooW:'—ReHituta.  iii.  100-120,  where  see  copious  extracts. 

Gostliu^:,  \Vm.,  1705-1777,  Vicar  of  Stone,  in  the 
Island  of  Oxney,  and  minor  canon  of  the  cathedral  of 
Canterbury.  1.  A  Walk  in  and  about  the  City  of  Canter- 
bury, Lon.,  1774,  Svo.  Enlarged,  Canterb.,  1777,  Svo. 
2.  On  a  Fire  Ball,  kc,  Phil.  Trans.,  1741. 

Gostwyke,  Roger.  Trans,  of  Polanua's  treat,  on 
Predestination,  Camb.,  1599,  Svo. 

Gostwyke,  Wm.     Serms.,  1685,  '92,  '96,  all  4to. 
Goswell,  John.     Discourses,  1716,  Svo. 
Go^ynhyll,  Edward.     The  Prayse  of  all  Women, 
called    Muleru  Pean.     Very  fruytfuU  and  delectable  vnto 
all  tho  redcrs. 

"  Loke  and  rede  who  that  can, 
This  booke  is  prayse  to  eche  woman." 
Lon.,  sine  anno,  (1544?)  4to,  pp.  40.  Black-letter. 
Very  rare.  Bibl.  Anglo-Poet.,  917,  £31  IDs;  resold  at 
Saunders's,  iu  1818,  £22  Is.  Ilibbert.  3482,  £11  lU. 
The  poet  was  not  ashamed  of  bis  performance,  for  he 
concludes  with — 

"  Yf  question  be  moved  who  is  thyne  authour, 
Be  not  addrad  to  utt«r  his  name. 
Say  EuwARDE  Gosvnhyll  toke  the  labour,"  Ac. 
Gotch,  F,  W.      On  the  word  BAnTlZSt,  Ac,  Lon., 
Svo,  s.  n. 

Gother,  John^  d.  1704,  a  native  of  Southampton, 
a  member  of  the  Church  of  England,  became  a  Roman 
Catbclic  priest,  resided  chiefly  in  London,  and  wrote  a 
number  of  controversial  works.  His  style  is  commended 
by  Dryden  as  a  masterpiece.  His  principal  work,  A 
Papist  Misrepresented  and  Represented,  1666,  4to,  which 
was  answered  by  Sherlock,  Stillingflect,  «fec.,  we  have 
already  noticed,  (see  Challoneh,  Richard,  D.D.,)  and 
refer  the  reader  to  Lowndes's  Brit.  Lib.,  1087,  1088.  His 
Nubes  Testium.  lfiS6.  4to,  also  excited  some  controversy. 
See  Lowndes's  Brit.  Lib.,  1089.  A  new  ed.  of  his  Sincere 
Christian's  Guide  in  the  Choice  of  Religion  was  pub.  in 
1804,  ISmo.  A  new  ed.  of  his  Lessons  on  the  Feasts  was 
put  forth  by  Huscnheth,  1S46,  2  vols,  12mo.  A  new  ed. 
of  his  Sinner's  Complaint  to  God  was  pub.  by  Mr.  Dol- 
man, bookseller,  London,  1839,  12mo.  There  have  been 
various  eds.  of  separate  treatises  of  Guther's;  and  a  col- 
lective ed.  of  his  Spiritual  Works,  consisting  of  his  Moral 
and  Devotional  Writings,  appeared  in  1790,  16  vols.  12mo, 
Newcastle.  To  his  literary  merits  we  have  the  following 
testimony  by  an  eminent  authority: 

"The  leader  of  Gother's  works  will,  perhaps,  think  with  the 
present  writer,  that  no  composition  in  the  English  language  ap- 
proaches nearer  to  the  severe  and  nervous  simplicity  of  the  best 
writings  of  the  Dean  of  St.  Patrick's."'— On. uiles  Butler. 

Gotselin,  d.  109S,  a  Frenchman,  a  monk  of  the  mo- 
nastery of  St.  Berlin,  was  brought  to  England  by  Here- 
man  in  1058,  and  became  a  monk  of  Canterbury.  His 
principal  work  was  a  series  of  lives  and  miracles  of  Saints 
more  especially  connected  with  Canterbury.  For  an  ac- 
count of  Gotselin.  his  works,  and  edits,  of  them,  we  refer 
the  reader  to  Wright's  Biog.  Brit.  Lit. 

'•We  find  little  original  matter  of  any  importance  in  Gotselin's 
bio;jraphies.  They  consist  chiefly  of  inflated  versions  of  the 
simpler  style  of  the  older  writers;  on  which  account  Fabricius 
compares  him  to  thc-Gret-k  hagiographer  Simeon  Metaphrastes." — 
Wi-ight's  Bing.  Brit.  L,t. 

Gott-  Samuel.  An  Essay  of  the  True  Happiness 
of  Man,' Lon.,  1650,  Svo. 

Gouge,  Thomas,  1605-1681,  a  native  of  Bow,  justly 
celebrated  for  his  zc:il  in  good  works,  was  the  son  of  Wil- 
liam Gouge,  D.D.  He  was  educated  at  Eton  School  and 
King's  Coll.,  Camb.,  of  whk-h  he  became  Fellow.  In  1638 
he  was  presented  to  St.  Sepulchre's,  and  laboured  there 
zealously  in  the  discbarge  of  his  ministerial  duties  until 
1662.  when  the  Act  of  Uniformity  silenced  his  preaching. 
He  now  devoted  himself  to  tho  propagation  of  religion, 


GO0 


GOU 


especially  in  TVales,  where  his  schools  soon  numbered  in 
time  between  300  and  400,  all  of  which  he  visited  at  least 
once  every  year.  Ho  had  printed  SOOO  copies  of  the  Bible 
in  Welsh,  and  had  trans,  into  the  same  language  The 
Practice  of  Piety,  The  "Whole  Duty  of  Man.  The  Church 
Catechism,  &c.  lie  used  to  say  that  he  had  "two  livings 
which  he  would  not  exchange  for  two  of  the  greatest  in 
England."  He  referred  to  Wales  and  to  Christ's  Hospital, 
London,  where  he  instructed  the  children  in  the  principles 
of  religion.  But  time — and  surely  i>ur  space — would  fail 
to  tell  the  tenth  i)art  of  this  good  man's  efforts  for  the 
glory  of  God  and  the  salvation  of  man.  When  at  last 
called,  at  the  rijio  age  of  seventy-seven,  to  rest  from  bis 
labours,  his  death  was  regarded  as  a  public  loss.  The 
great  Dr.  TiUotson,  who  preached  a  most  afl'ecting  sermon 
in  honour  of  his  memory,  declared  that, 

"All  things  considered,  there  have  not  since  the  primitive  times 
of  Cbristiauity  been  niaoy  among  the  Pons  of  M»^n  to  whom  that 
glorious  CharafttT  of  the  Son  of  God  might  be  better  applied — that 
he  went  about  doing  good.  And  Wales  may  as  worthily  boast  of 
this  truly  Apostolical  Man  as  of  their  fanious  St.  David." 
We  have  other  testimonies  to  the  same  effect: 
"But  Mr.  Gouge's  most  eminent  distinction  was  his  unwearied 
diligence  in  doing  good,  in  which  be  had  a  most  singular  sagacity 
and  prudence  in  contriving  the  moRt  effectual  means  for  it."' — Dr. 
TuoMAS  Birch:  Life  of  Archlnshop  TiUotson. 

'*I  never  heard  any  one  person,  of  whatever  rank,  sort,  or  sect 
soever,  speak  one  word  to  his  dishonour,  or  name  any  fault  that 
they  chargfd  on  his  life  and  doctrine." — Kicuard  Baxter:  i\'a>Ta- 
live  of  his  own  Life  ajid  Times. 

"The  excellent  Gouge!  .  .  .  My  honoured  Gouge!  ...  It  is 
lamentable  to  see  the  ignorance  and  wickedness  yet  remaining 
even  in  many  parts  of  the  British  dominions  in  Wales,  in  the 
Highlands,  and  in  Ireland.  Are  the  Gouges  all  dead?" — Cotton 
Mather  :  Essai/s  to  do  Good. 

This  excellent  man  pub.  a  biography  of  his  father,  pre- 
fixed to  the  works  of  the  latter,  16f>a.  Several  serms., 
1663,  '73,  '77.  '79.  The  Principles  of  the  Christian  Re- 
ligion Explained,  1679.  The  Young  Man's  Guide  to 
Heaven,  Christian  Directions,  and  A  Word  to  Sinners  and 
a  Word  to  Saints,  16S1.  An  accession  serm.  was  pub. 
after  his  death,  1717;  and  a  collective  ed.  of  his  works, 
with  Dr.  Tillotson's  Puneral  Serm.,  was  pub,  in  1706,  Svo. 
"Gouge's  Works  are,  like  their  veneiable  author,  full  of  piety, 
charity,  humility,  and  moderation;  in  a  word,  full  of  practical 
wisdom,  accompanied  with  zea!  for  the  glory  of  God  and  the  salva- 
tion of  souls." — Willium.t's  C.  P. 

Of  The  Surest  and  Safest  Way  of  Thriving,  viz.,  by 
Charity  to  the  Poor ;  a  Serm.  on  Matt.  x.  41,  42,  167."i,  4to. 
A  new  ed.  was  issued  in  1S52,  18mo ;  and  another  in  the 
present  month.  May.  1856,  fp.  Svo,  with  Prefatory  Remarks 
by  Baxter,  and  Drs.  Owen.  Manton,  Bates,  and  T.  Binney, 
and  a  Sketch  of  the  Author's  Life  by  the  latter.  The  Young 
Man's  Guide  to  Heaven  has  also  been  republished.  The 
practice  of  this  good  man  in  the  matter  of  "giving,"  ac- 
corded with  his  precept:  for  when  his  annual  income  was 
reduced  to  £loO,  he  gave  away  the  £100  and  lived  ou  the 
£50. 

Gouge,  WiUiam,  D.D..  1575-1653,  a  native  of  Bow, 
father  of  the  preceding,  was  educated  at  Eton  School  and 
King's  Coll.,  Camb. ;  Rector  of  St.  Ann,  Elackfriars,  Lon- 
don, 1608-53  ;  one  of  the  Assembly  of  Divines,  1643.  He 
was  one  of  those  who  protested  against  the  murder  of 
Charles  I.  1.  The  World's  Great  Restoration,  (written  by 
H.  Finch.)  Lon.,  1621,  4to.  2.  Explan.  of  the  Lord's 
Prayer.  1626,  4to.  3.  Domestical  Duties,  1626,  fob  4.  The 
Whole  Armour  of  God,  1G27,  fol.  5.  Works,  in  4  parts, 
1627,  fol.  6.  God's  Three  Arrows,  1631,  4to.  7.  Com- 
ment, ou  Ps.  cxvi.,  1632,  4to.  8.  Serm.,  1642, 4to.  9.  Serm., 
1646,  4to.  10.  Comment,  on  the  Hebrews,  with  Life  of 
Thomas  Gouge,  1655,  2  vols.  fol.  This  excellent  work 
contains  the  substance  of  nearly  one  thousand  sermons 
delivered  on  lectures  on  Wednesday  for  thirty  years  ! 

"  A  verv  full,  evangelical,  and  practical  commentary." — Bicker- 
stettii  as. 

'* Gouge  was  a  learned  and  pious  divine,  and  a  good  t«xtman: 
he  was  counted  (whilst  he  livedj  the  father  of  the  London  minis- 
ters.'"— Leigh. 

"For  forty-five  years  he  was  the  laborious,  the  exemplary,  and 
the  much-loved  minister  of  St.  Anne's.  Itlackfriars,  where  none 
e%er  thought  or  spoke  ill  of  him  but  such  as  were  inclined  to 
thinli  or  speak  ill  of  religion  itself." — Granger. 

Gouge,  William  M.,  b.  Nov.  10,  1796.  at  Phila- 
delphia, was  for  many  years  engnged  in  the  preparation 
of  the  Documents  in  the  Treasury  Department  of  the  U.  S. 
1.  A  Short  History  of  Paper  i\Ioney  and  Banking  in  the 
U.  S.,  including  An  Inquiry  into  the  Principles  of  the 
System,  with  considerations  of  its  effects  on  Morals  and 
Happiness,  Philada..  1833,  12mo,  pp.  396;  2d  ed.,  Philad., 
1842.  This  work  has  attracted  considerable  attention 
throughout  Europe  and  America.  A  mutilated  edition  of 
the  tirst  part  waa  republished  in  England  by  Wm.  Cubbett, 


under  the  title  of  '*  The  Cur.^e  of  Paper  Money."  An 
abridgment  of  the  work  appeared  in  La  Revue  Univer- 
selle,  Brussels.  See  McCuUoch's  Lit.  of  Polit.  Econ.  2.  An 
Inquiry  into  the  Expediency  of  dispensing  with  Bunk 
Agency  and  with  Bank  Paper  in  the  Fiscal  Concerns  of 
the  U.  States,  1837,  pp.  56.  3.  History  of  the  American 
Banking  System,  12mo,  N.  Y.,  1.S35.  4.  The  Fiscal  His- 
tory of  Texas,  Svo,  pp.  327,  Philad.,  IS52.  Mr.  Gouge 
has  edited  several  journals,  and  has  contributed  for  the 
last  thirty  years  many  valuable  articles  on  banks  and 
banking  to  vari<jus  journals  of  the  Union. 
Gou^h,  C  J.  Serm.,  Lon..  1794.  4to. 
Gough,  J.  The  Strange  Discovery;  a  Tragi-Comedy, 
Lon.,  164(1,  4to. 

Gough,  J.     Discourse,  &c.,  1789,  '91,  both  Svo. 
Gough,  John.      1.  Godly  Boko,  Lon.,  1561,  16mo. 
2.  Answer  to  Freeman,  1570,  Svo. 

Gough,  John.  Ecclesire  Anglicanae  Threnodia.  In 
qua  perturbatissimus  Regni  et  Ecclesise  Status  sub  Ana- 
baptistica  Tyrannida  lugetur,  Londini,  1661,  Svo. 

Gough,  John.  Hist,  of  the  Quakers,  from  their  first 
Rise  to  the  present  time ;  compiled  from  authentic  Records 
and  from  the  Writings  of  that  People,  Dubb,  1789-90,4 
vols.  Svo. 

Gough,  John.  1.  Positions  of  Sonorous  Bodies, 
1807.  2.  Con.  to  Nicholson's  Jour.,  1798-1S13.  See  Bibl. 
Brit. 

Gough,  John  B.,  a  celebrated  temperance  lecturer, 
b.  1817,  at  Sandgate,  in  Kent,  England,  removed  to  the 
United  States  at  the  age  of  twelve  years,  has  pub,  his 
Autobiography,  Lon.,  1846,  '53,  ISmo,  and  his  Orations, 
1854,  ISmo.  A  Sketch  of  his  Life,  by  Rev.  W.  Reid,  was 
pub.  in  1854,  sq. 

Mr.  Gough  has  accomplished  an  incalculable  amount 
of  good  by  his  advocacy  of  the  only  remedy  for  nine-tenths 
of  the  crime  and  pauperism  which  afflict  Great  Britaia 
and  the  United  States.     See  B^KcnER,  Lyman,  D.D. 

Gough,  Richard,  1 735-1 S09,  "The  Camden  of  the 
18th  century,''  has  been  already  noticed  in  our  article  ou 
the  illustrious  antiquary  just  named;  but  a  detailed  ac- 
count of  Mr.  Gough  and  his  labours — principally  from  hia 
own  pen — will  be  found  in  Nichols's  Lit.  Anec,  vi.  262- 
343;  and  see  other  vols,  of  that  excellent  work.  He  was 
a  native  of  London,  educated  at  Bune't  Coll.,  Camb. ;  and, 
being  the  inheritor  of  a  large  fortune,  devoted  his  life  to 
the  zealous  prosecution  of  antiquarian  research.  Among 
his  principal  works,  in  addition  to  his  edit,  of  the  Bri- 
tannia, already  particularly  noticed  by  us,  are,  1.  Anecdotes 
of  British  Trqiography,  Lon.,  1768,  4to.  Enlarged,  1780,  2 
vols.  4to.  This  last  impression  was  corrected  with  a  view 
to  a  third  ed.,  and  presented  to  the  author's  friend,  John 
Nichols : 

"Who  will  readily  relinnuish  his  right  if  the  respectable  Cura- 
tors of  the  Oxf  jrd  Press  think  proper  to  undertake  a  new  Edition.'* 
Nicholses  Lit.  Anec,  Ti.  27 o. 

Respecting  this  subject,  see  Preface,  p.  2,  to  Mr.  Up- 
cott's  Bibliographical  Account  of  the  Principal  Works  re- 
lating to  English  Topography,  Lon.,  1818,  3  vols.  Svo. 
2.  Sepulchral  Monuments  in  Great  Britain,  applied  to  illus- 
trate the  History  of  Families,  Manners,  Habits,  and  Arts 
at  the  dift'erent  periods  from  the  Norman  Conquest  to  the 
i7th  ccnturj'.  Vol.  i.,  containing  the  first  four  centuries 
from  the  Conquest,  1786,  fol.  Vol.  ib,  containing  the  15th 
century,  1796,  fol.  Introduction  to  vol.  ii.,  1799.  Vol,  ii. 
consists  of  three  Parts,  and  the  whole  work  is  generally 
described  as  in  3  vols,  fob,  bound  in  5.  Many  copies  of 
this  work,  particularly  of  the  3d  vol.,  were  destroyed  by 
fire,  and  the  whole  work  is  seldom  found  free  from  stains. 
A  perfect  set  is  worth  from  £b5  to  £62,  according  to  bind- 
ing and  condition.  See  collation  in  Lowndes's  Bibl.  Man. 
Mr.  Gough  had  made  extensive  preparations  for  a  new 
edit.,  and  the  drawings,  &c.  collected  with  this  design 
form  part  of  his  bequest  to  the  Bodleian  Library.  Its 
appearance  elicited  enthusiastic  commendations,  of  which 
we  quote  some  specimens: 

'•I  found  here  your  most  magnificent  present  of  the  Second 
Volume  of  Sepulchral  Monuments,  the  moFt  splendid  work  I  ever 
saw.  and  which  I  congratulate  myself  on  having  lived  long  enough 
to  see.  Indeed.  I  congratulate  my  country  on  its  appearance 
exactly  at  so  illustrious  a  moment,"  &c. — Horace  Walpole. 

"  This  truly  magnificent  work  would  alone  have  been  sufficient 
to  perpetuate  his  fame,  and  the  credit  of  the  Arts  in  England; 
where  few  works  nf  superior  splendour  have  before  or  since  ap- 
peared. The  independent  master  of  an  ample  fortune,  he  was  in 
all  respects  prt-eminently  qualified  for  the  labours  of  an  Anti- 
quary ;  the  pain  of  whose  reseaiches  can  but  rarely  meet  an  ade- 
quate remuneiation.  This  magnificent  work  niu.st  long  ago  have 
convinced  the  world  that  he  possessed  not  only  the  most  inde- 
fatigable perseverance,  but  an  ardour  which  no  expense  could 
possibly  deter." — Siidiols's  Lit.  Anec:  ubi  supra. 

7U 


GOD 


A  minor  work  (lf94,  4to)of  Mr.  Gough— but  one  of  great 
interest  to  the  bibliographer — is  the  Account  of  the  Bed- 
ford Missal,  presented  by  Henry  VI.  to  tbe  Duchess  of 
Bedford  ;  purchased  by  Mr.  Edwards  at  the  Duchess  of 
Portland's  sale.  Mr.  Edwards  gave  for  this  splendid  MS., 
in  1786,  i213.  lie  was  twice  or  thrice  offered  500  guineas 
for  it.  It  was  purchased  at  his  sale  in  1816,  by  the  Mar- 
quis of  Blandford— the  purchaser  of  the  Valdarfer  Boc- 
caccio for  £2240  !-— for  £687  158.  Mr.  Gough  pronounces 
it  the  finest  example  of  the  art  of  that  period  (opening  of 
the  15th  century)  he  had  ever  seen.  Eefer  to  Gough's 
Account,  Dibdiu's  Biljliographical  Decameron,  and  Ed- 
wards's Sale  Catalogue,  1815.  Mr.  Gough's  library,  prints, 
antiquities,  Ac.  were  sold  in  1810,  and  produced  £406U 
98.  6i/.  The  bibliographer  must  possess  this  catalogue, 
and  also  the  Catalogue  of  his  Books  relating  to  Topo- 
graphy, Ac.  bequeathed  to  the  Bodleian  Library,  Oxf, 
1814,  4to.  The  character  of  this  eminent  antiquary  has 
been' thus  eloquently  sketched  by  Dr.  Dibdin : 

"  Whil.'  tbe  grcat.?r  number  of  his  associates  might  have  been 
emulous  of  distinguishing  themselves  in  the  gaieties  of  the  table 
or  the  rliace.  it  was  the  peculiar  feeling  and  master  pas.iiion  of 
young  tiough's  mind  to  be  constantly  loolting  upon  every  arti- 
ficial ol'ject  without  as  food  for  meditation  and  record.  Tlie 
mouldering  tuni't  and  the  crumbling  arch,  the  moss-covered 
stone  and  the  obliterated  inscription,  served  to  excite,  in  bis  mind, 
the  most  ardent  sensations,  and  to  kindle  that  fire  of  antiqtiarian 
research,  which  afterwards  never  knew  decay  :  which  burnt  with 
undiminished  lustre  at  the  close  of  his  existence,  and  which 
prompted  him,  when  in  the  full  enjoyment  of  his  bodily  faculties, 
to  explore  long-deserted  castles  and  mansions,  to  tread  long- 
neglected  by-wavs,  and  to  snatch  from  impending  oblivion  many 
a  precious  relicii.  and  many  a  venerable  ancestry.  He  is  the 
Cahpen  of  modern  times.  lie  spared  no  labour,  no  toil,  no  ex- 
pence,  t^  obtain  the  best  information :  and  to  give  it  publicity, 
when  obtjdued,  in  a  manner  the  most  liljeral  and  effective." — 
A(C/(0?£'8  Ttijtf»ira})h.  Alltiq.  o/  G.  Brit. 

As  an  evidence  of  Gough's  early  love  of  letters,  we  may 
cite  his  trans,  from  the  French  of  the  History  of  the  Bible 
(160  folio  sheets)  performed  between  the  agos  of  11  and  124 
years  ;  and  a  trans,  from  the  French  of  Claude  Fleury's  Cus- 
tom of  tbe  Israelites,  performed  when  in  his  sixteenth  year. 
Gough,  Strickland.     Serms.,  1709,  'i:!,  '14,  all  8vo. 
Goiii;h,  iStricklaiid.     Serms.,  <tc.,  1733-75,  all  8yo. 
Gougll,  Will.     Londinum  Triumphans  ;  or,  an  Hist. 
Acct.  of  the  grand  Influence  the  Actions  of  the  City  of 
Loudon  have  had  upon  the  Affairs  of  the  Nation  for  many 
Ages  past,  Lon.,  1082,  8vo. 

Gougli,  Wm.     Discourses,  1695,  12mo. 
Goughe,  Alex.     The  Queen;  or,  the  Excellency  of 
her  Sex,  Lon,  1653,  4to. 

Goughe,   Hugh.     House  of    Ottomano,   &a.,   Lon., 
8,  o.,  8vo. 

Goulburn,  Edward.  1.  Tbe  Blueviad;  a  Satirical 
Poem,  18(15,  8vo.  2.  The  Pursuits  of  Fashion  ;  a  Satirical 
Poem,  1812.  3.  Edward  de  Montfort ;  a  Nov.,  1812,  3  vols. 
Goulburn,  Edward  Meyiick,  D.D.,  Master  of 
Rugby  School.  1.  Serm.,  1  Sam.  xix.  20,  Lon.,  1849,  8vo. 
2.  The  Doctrine  of  the  Resurrection  of  the  same  Body,  as 
taught  in  Holy  Scripture ;  Eight  Serms. :  Bampton  Lec- 
tures, 1850,  Oxf,  1850,  8vo.  3.  Devotional  Forms,  Lon., 
1851,  12mo.  4.  Treat,  on  Grammar,  1852,  12mo.  5.  Paro- 
chial and  other  Serms.,  Oxf,  1853,  8vo. 

Gould,  Augustus  Addison,  M.D.,  b.  April  23, 
1805,  at  New  Ipswich,  N.  Hampshire,  received  the  degree 
of  Bachelor  of  Arts  at  Harvard,  1825,  and  of  Doctor  of 
Medicine,  1S30.  1.  Lamarck's  Genera  of  Shells,  with  a 
List  of  Species;  translated  from  the  French,  Host.,  1833, 
12mo.  2.  A  Svstem  of  Natural  History ;  containing 
Scientific  and  Popular  Descriptions  of  Various  Animals, 
Ac,  1833,  r.  8vo.  Of  this  valuable  work  many  editions 
have  been  issued.  3.  Report  on  the  Invertebrata  of  Mas- 
uachusetts,  Camb.,  1S41,  8vo.  4.  Principles  of  Zoology, 
by  Louis  Agassiz  and  Augustus  A.  Gould,  Best.,  1848, 
l2mo;  2d  ed.,  revised  and  enlarged,  1851.  This  work  was 
republished  in  Bohn's  Scientific  Library,  Lon.,  1851. 
Trans,  into  German  by  Prof.  Bronn;    pub.  at  Stuttgard, 

1851.  ,      . 

"  The  design  of  this  work  is  to  furnish  an  epitome  of  the  leadmg 
principles  of  the  science  of  zoology  as  deduced  from  the  present 
state  of  knowledge,  so  illustrated  as  to  be  intelligible  to  the  be- 
ginning student.  No  similar  treatise  exists;  and,  indeed,  some 
of  the  topics  have  not  been  touched  upon  before,  unless  in  a 
ttrictly  technical  form  and  in  scattered  articles."— £i(iuc(  from 
the  Preface. 

"  A  work  emanating  from  so  high  a  source  hardly  requires  com- 
mendation to  give  it  currency.  The  volume  is  prepared  for  the 
itudent  in  zoological  science;  it  is  simple  and  elementary  in  its 
style,  full  in  its  illustrations,  compi-ehensive  in  its  range,  yet  well 
condensed,  and  brought  into  the  narrow  compass  requisite  for  the 
purpose  intended." — Sil!hna7i^s  Journal. 

"  This  work  places  us  in  possession  of  information  balf  a  century 
in  advance  of  all  our  elementary  works  on  this  subject.  ...  No 
712 


GOU 

work  of  the  s.ame  dimensions  has  ever  appeared  in  the  Knglish 
lan^u.-ce  containing  so  much  new  and  valuable  information  on 
the'subjert  of  which  it  treats."— Paor.  James  Ii\tL,  nf  AUmnii. 

■5.  The  Terrestrial  Air-breathing  Mollusks  of  the  United 
States  and  the  Adjacent  Territories  of  North  America; 
described  and  illustrated  by  Amos  Binney,  2  vols.  8vo; 
text  and  1  vol.  plates,  Boston,  1851-55.  A  Posthumous 
work,  edited  .and  completed  by  A.  A.  Gould.  Dr.  Gould 
has  prefixed  to  this  splendid  work  a  biographical  Memoir 
of  its  distinguished  author.  6.  M<dlusca  and  Shells;  being 
vol.  xii.  of  the  United  States  Exploring  Expedition,  1852, 
4to,  with  an  atlas  of  plates,  and  f  il.  7.  History  of  New 
Ipswich,  N.  Hampshire,  from  its  First  Grant  in  1736  to 
1852,  by  A.  A.  Gould  and  Frederic  Kidder,  Bost.,  1852, 
8vo.  Dr.  Gould  has  edited  and  contributed  many  valuable 
articles  to  various  scientific  and  medical  journals. 

Gould,  Benjamin  Apthorp,  Jr.,  b.  Sept.  27,  1824, 
in  Boston  ;  grad.  at  Harvard  Coll.,  18-44,  and  at  Gottingen, 
1848;  Associate  Royal  Astronomical  Soc,  1854;  appointed 
Director  of  the  Dudley  Observatory,  Albany,  N.Y.,  1856. 
Dr.  Gould  established  in  1849  tlio  Astronomical  Journal, 
which  he  edits  with  great  ability.  It  now  (1858)  makes 
four  large  quarto  vols.  The  Solar  Pariillax,  (U.S.  Naval 
Astron.  Exp..)  Washington,  1857,  pp.  230,  4to.  He  has 
contrib.  to  the  U.S.  Coast  Survey  Reports,  1852-57,  Astro- 
nomisehe  Nachrichten,  1847-56,  Amer.  Jour,  of  Sci.,  Proc. 
Amer.  Assoc,  for  Adv.  of  Science,  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  Chris- 
tian Examiner,  Now  York  Quarterly,  Ac. 

j\lr.  Everett,  in  his  Discourse  on  the  Uses  of  Astronomy, 
delivered  at  Albany  on  the  28th  of  August,  1856,  on  occa- 
sion of  the  inauguration  of  the  Dudley  Observatory,  notices 
among  tbe  happy  auspices  under  which  the  Observatory 
commenced  its  history  that  it  was 

"  committed  to  the  immediate  supervision  of  an  aetronomer  (Dr.  B. 
A.  Gould,  Jr.)  to  whose  distinguished  talent  has  been  added  the 
advantage  of  a  thorough  scientific  education  in  the  most  renowned 
universities  of  Europe,  and  who,  as  the  editor  of  the  American 
Astronomical  Journal,  has  shown  himself  to  be  fully  qualified  for 
the  high  trust."— p.  15.  ,.,„,,     ^ 

Gould,  Edward  S.,  b.  1S08,  Litchfield,  Conn.,  a 
merchant  of  N.  York,  is  a  son  of  the  late  Judge  James 
Gould  of  Ccmnecticut,  author  of  a  celebrated  Treatise  on 
the  Principles  of  Pleading  in  Civil  Actions  ;  sec  post.  1. 
Travels  in  Egypt;  translated  from  Dumas,  1S38.  2.  Demo- 
cracy in  France  ;  trans,  from  Dumas,  1839.  3.  Eugenie 
Gr.audet;  trans,  from  Balzac,  1841.  4.  Father  Goriut; 
trans,  from  Balz.ac,  1842.  5.  The  Sleep-Rider ;  a  burlesque 
tale,  1842.  6.  Abridgment  of  Alison's  Hist,  of  Europe, 
1843.  7.  The  Very  Age  ;  a  Comedy,  1850.  Also  a  con- 
tributor to  many  literary  and  theological  journals,  and  the 
author  of  several  translations  from  Victor  Hugo  and  A. 
Royer,  in  addition  to  those  above  noted. 

Gould,  Ilauuah  Flagg,  a  native  of  Lancaster,  Ver- 
mont, removed  in  early  life  to  Newburyport,  Massachu- 
setts, wliere  she  has  since  resided.  In  1832  she  pub.  a 
vol.  of  poems,  which  had  originally  appeared  in  the  pe- 
riodicals of  the  day.  In  1835  a  second,  and  in  1841  a 
third,  vol.  were  given  to  the  world.  The  number  of  edits, 
of  these  productions  is  tbe  best  proof  of  the  extensive 
popularity  of  the  author.  Encouraged  by  such  success, 
in  1846  she  pub.  a  collection  of  her  prose  articles,  under 
the  title  of  Gathered  Leaves,  or  Miscellaneous  Papers, 
and  in  1850  favoured  the  reading  public  with  a  volume 
of  New  Poems.  In  the  same  year  appeared  The  Diosma  : 
a  perennial— a  vol.  of  poems  selected  and  original ;— and 
The  Y'outh's  Coronal,  a  book  of  poems  for  little  people. 
She  has  since  pub.— in  1853— The  Mother's  Dream,  and 
other  poems.  . 

"  In  truth,  the  great  power  of  her  poetry  is  its  moral  application. 
This  hallows  every  object  she  looks  upon,  and  ennobles  every  in- 
cident she  celebrates.  She  takes  lowly  and  homely  themes,  but 
she  turns  them  to  the  light  of  heaven,  and  they  are  beautiful  and 
refined  and  elevated."— i/r.'-  HaUCs  H'omaii's  Becord. 
See  also  Griswold's  Female  Poets  of  America. 
Gould,  Judge  James,  1770-1838,  educated  at  'Tale 
CoUce,  became  widely  known  as  Professor  in  tbe  Law 
School  at  Litchfield,  Connecticut,  In  1816  he  was  ap- 
pointed Judge  of  the  Superior  Court  and  Supreme  Court 
of  Errors  in  Connecticut.  A  memoir  of  this  distinguished 
ornament  of  the  legal  profession  will  bo  found  in  G.  II. 
HoUister's  Hist,  of  Connecticut,  vol.  ii.  A  Treatise  on 
the  Princiides  of  Pleading  in  Civil  Actions,  1832,  Svo; 
2d  od.,  N.York,  1836,  Svo;  3d  ed.,  Burlington,  1849,  Svo. 
This  work  is  compiled  from  the  lectures  delivered  by 
Judge  Gould  in  the  course  of  bis  duties  at  Litchlield. 

"  We  should  be  pleased  to  find  Judge  Gould's  productinn  in  the 
hands  of  every  student,  alongside  of  Mr.  Stephen  s.  —Hojgmau  s 
Lea.  Stu.,  xxxviii.  1.  ,  ..     ^    . 

•■The  work  does  not  enter  much  into  detail.s.  but  as  a  concise 
and  accurate  collection  and  statement  of  the  principles  of  I  leading 
it  is  not  equalled  by  any  similar  production  except  Serjeant  bts, 


GOT! 

phen's.  GouM's  Pleading  is  a  lt';;al  classic  of  the  hi^best  order, 
;iod  has  placed  its  author  among  the  very  best  le*;al  writers  of  the 
age."  See  Marvin's  Leg.  Bibl.,34'2;  8A.J.,74;  15,495;  IL.R.,53. 
Gould,  John,  an  eminent  naturalist,  b.  at  Lyme,  Dor- 
setshire, England,  Sept.  14,  1804,  displayed  in  early  life  a 
taste  for  those  pursuits  the  successful  prosecution  of  which 
has  eained  him  such  merited  distinction.  1.  A  Century  of 
Birds  iVom  the  Himalaya  Mountains,  Lon.,  1831-32,  imp. 
fol.,  £14  14s.  2.  Birds  of  Europe,  1S32-37,  5  vols.  imp. 
ful.,  £76  8«.  6d.  3.  Monograph  of  the  Ramphastidae;  or, 
Family  of  Toucans,  1834,  imp.  fol.,  £7.  4.  Icones  Avium, 
1837-38,  Pty.  1  and  2,  imp.  fol.,  35s.  each.  5.  Monograph 
of  the  Trogonida;;  or,  Family  of  Trogons,  1838,  imp.  fol., 
£8.  In  1838  Mr.  Gould  visited  Australia  with  the  laudable 
design  of  studying  the  natural  productions  of  that  country. 
As  the  result  of  this  visit,  we  have  the  following  splendid 
work:  6.  The  Birds  of  Australia,  1842-51,  7  vols.  imp.  fol., 
£115.  A  Synopsis  of  this  work  has  been  pub.,  imp.  Svo, 
at  25«.  each  Pt.  7.  Monograph  of  the  Macropodida; ;  or, 
Family  of  Kangaroos,  1841—12,  imp.  fol.,  Pts.  1  and  2, 
each  £3  3s.  8.  Monograph  of  the  Odontophorinas ;  or, 
Partridges  of  America,  1844-46,  imp.  fol.,  £8  8s.  9.  Mam- 
mals of  Australia,  1845,  Pts.  1  and  2,  imp.  fol.,  each  £3  3«. 
10.  Trochilidec;  or.  Family  of  Humming  Birds,  1850,  Pt. 
1,  imp.  f<jl.,  £3  3s.  To  Mr.  Ciiuild's  knowledge  and  taste 
the  public  is  indebted  for  the  collection  of  Humming  Birds 
now  exhibited  in  the  Gardens  of  the  Zoological  Society, 
Regent's  Park,  London.  This  collection  should  be  e.\a- 
mined.  after  an  attentive  perusal  of  W.C.  L.  Martin's  General 
History  of  the  Trochilida"',  with  especial  reference  to  the 
Collection  of  J.  Gould,  F.R.S.,  Ac  This  volume  ranges 
with  Jardine's  Naturalist's  Library,  and  completes  the 
Humming  Birds  in  that  series.  V,'e  should  not  omit  to 
give  Mr.  Gould  credit  for  his  labours  in  aiding  to  prepare 
the  department  of  ''Birds"  in  the  Zoology  of  the  Voyage 
of  H.  M.  S.  Beagle.  In  this  vol.  will  be  found  a  notice  of 
their  habits  and  ranges  by  Charles  Darwin,  q.  v. 

Gould,  Johu  W.,  1814^1838,  a  native  of  Litchfield, 
Conn.,  a  hrutber  of  Edward  S.  Gould,  and  son  of  Judge 
James  Gould,  contributed  a  number  of  articles  to  the  New 
York  Mirror,  and  the  Knickerbocker  Magazine,  in  the 
years  1834—35.  These  were  collected  after  bis  death  and 
privately  printed  by  his  brothers  in  1839,  Svo.  The  Tales 
and  Sketches  of  the  vol.  entitled  Forecastle  Yarns  were 
pub.  by  the  New  World  Press  in  1843,  and  a  new  ed.  by 
Stringer  and  Townsend,  N.  York,  1854.  See  Duyckincks' 
Cyc.  of  Ainer.  Lit. 

Gould,  Lucius  D.,  b.  1814,  in  N.  Jersey,  America. 
House-Ciirpenter's  and  Joiner's  Assistant,  N.  York,  4to. 

Gould,  ,>I.  T.  The  Stenographic  Reporter ;  a  monthly 
Journal.  Wa>hington,  1S4I)-41,  2  vols.  8vo. 

Gould,  Xathauiel  D.,  of  Boston.  Mass.  1.  Com- 
panion to  the  Psalmist.  2.  Natii'ual  Church  Harmony. 
3.  Sabbath  School  Harmony.  4.  Social  Harmnny.  5.  Sa- 
cred Minstrel.  6.  Beauties  of  Writing.  7.  Writing  Mas- 
ter's Assistant,  8.  Progressive  Penmanship.  9.  Hist,  of 
Church  Music  in  America. 

Gould,  Robert,  1.  Ludus  Scacchia;  a  Satyr,  with 
other  Pucms,  Lon.,  1675,  8vo.  2.  Poems,  chiefly  consist- 
ing of  Satyrs  and  Satyrical  Pieces,  1689,  Svo.  3.  The 
Corruption  of  the  Times  by  Money;  a  Satyr,  1693,  fol. 

Gould,  W.  T.     Address   Introduc.  to" the  2d  Course 
of  Lectures  in  the  Law  School  at  Augusta, Augusta,1835,8vo. 
Gould,  Wra.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1676,  4to. 
Gould,  Wm.    Con.  on  nat.  philos.,  &c.  to  Phil.  Trans., 
1684. 

Gould,  Wm.     English  Ants,  Lon.,  1747,  8vo. 
Gould,  Wm.     Serm.,  1774,  4to. 

Gould,  Wm.  Trans  of  A  Short  Discourse  of  the 
Sacrament,  by  Maurus  Rabanus,  Aberd..  1624,  12mo. 

Gould,  Wm.  M.  Zephyrs  from  Italy  and  Sicily,  N. 
York,  1852.  Ifimo.     Highly  commended. 

Goulde,  Wm.     Sermk.  1672.  '74,  '76,  '82.  all  4to. 
Gouldin^,  Kev.  F.  K.,  of  Kingston,  Georgia.     Ro- 
bert and  Haloid  ;  or,  The  Young  Marooners  on  the  Florida 
Coast,  Pbila.,  1852,  18mo. 

"  I  have  read  the  Young  Marooners  in  MS.  with  exceeding  in- 
terest, and  think  it  oue  of  the  most  attractive  books  for  the  young 
I  hare  ever  seen.  My  group  of  children,  to  whom  I  read  it,  wirh 
unanimous  acclaim  pronounced  the  bonk  to  be  ttjual  to  Rahunon 
Crusoe.  A  child's  verdict  cannot  give  bij^her  praie.e." — Rev.  John 
S.  C.  Abbott. 

"We  do  not  hesitate  to  say  that  it  is  a  remarkable  little  book; 
and  will  undoubtedly  become  a  great  favourite  with  the  young,  as 
it  well  deserves  the  confidence  and  favour  of  parents." — PliUa. 
Biblical  Jiepertory. 

Gouldman,  Francis.  Lat.  and  Eng.  Dict'y,  Lon., 
1664,  4tM  ;  Camb.,  1674,  4to.  "With  addits.'by  Dr.  Scatter- 
g<>:>d,  1678,  foL 


GOW 

Gouldsborough,  John.  See  GoLDE.sBonoucH,  Jons. 
Goulston,  Goulson,  or  Gulson,  Theodore, M.D., 

d.  1632,  a  native  of  Northarniitonshirc,  founder  of  the  Lec- 
tureship of  Pathology  which  hears  his  name,  was  eilucated 
at,  and  Fellow  of,  Alerton  Coll.,  Oxf.  He  enjoyed  an  ex- 
tensive practice  in  London,  nnd  wag  distinguished  as  a 
Latin  and  Greek  scholar.  1.  Vcr.«io  Latina  et  Paraphrasis 
in  Aristotclis  Rhetoricam,  Lon.,  1619,  '23,  4to.  2.  Aristo- 
telis  de  Poetica  Liber  Latine  conversus,  et  Analytica  Me- 
thodo  illustratus,  1623,  4to.  Cum  Notis  Sylburgi  Heinsii, 
Camb.,  1696,  Svo.  3.  Versio  Varia)  Lectiones  et  Annota- 
tinnea  Critical  in  Opuscula  varia  Galeni,  Lon.,  1640,  4to. 
Edited  by  his  friend,  the  Rev.  Thomas  Gataker,  of  Ro- 
therhithc. 

Gourdon.     Request  to  R.  Catholics,  Lon.,  1687,  4to. 
Gourdon,  Sir  llobert.     Receipt  to  Cure  Mad  Dogs 
or  their  bile;   Phil.  Trans..  16S7. 

Gourlay,  John.     Art  of  War,  1809,  Svo. 
Gourlay,  Robert.     1.  Reform,  1S09,  Svo.     2.  Lett, 
to  Earl  of  Kellie,  18U9,  Svo.     3.  Upper  Canada,  1822,  3 
vols.  Svo. 

Gourlay,  Wm.,  M.D.     I.  Diseases  of  Jamaica,  1783- 
1808,  Lon..  1811.  Svu.     2.  Con.  to  Med.  Com.,  1785,  '91. 
Gove,  Rev.  Richard.     Theolog.  treatises,  1650-54. 
Goveanus,  Thomas.     1.  Ars   Sciendi,  Lon.,  1682, 
8vo.     2.  Logica  Elenatica,  Dubl.,  1683,  12mo. 
Govett,  K.     Theoh.g.  works,  Lon..  1841-53. 
Govett,  R.,  Jr.     E.xpos.  of  Isaiah,  Lon.,  1841,  Svo. 
"Some  valuabli?  lemarks  on  the  prophecies,  but  too  little  regard- 
ing their  past  fulfilment." — Bickcr&Utlis  C  S. 
Other  theological  works. 

Gow,  IVeil.     1.  Reports  N.  P.  Ct.,  C.  P.,  and  Oxf.  Cir., 
M.  T.,  1^1^.  to  E.  T.,  1820.  Lon.,  1828,  Svo.    2.  Prac.  Treat 
on  Law  of  Partnership,  3d  ed.,  with  addits.,  1841,  r.  Svo. 
2d  Amer.  ed.,  with  Notes  and  ref.  to  Amer.  Cases,  Phila., 
and  Append,  to  1844,  Pliila..  1837-45,  Svo.     3d  Amer.  ed. 
"Mr.Iugraham  has  enriched  this  work  by  a  series  of  It-arned 
notes,  in  which  the  American  cases  are  dilii^ently  collected,  and 
the  force  and  application  of  them  ably  considered." — Kp-?it's  O/ni. 
Gowar,  F.  R.     Cbem.  con.  to  Nic.  Jour.,  1811. 
Gower.     Patriotic  Songster,  <fee.,  Lon.,  1793,  12mo. 
GOAVer,  Foote,  M.D.     1.  Sketch  of  the  Materials  for 
anew  Hist,  of  Che:^hire,  Ac,  Lon.,  1771,  4to;  2d  ed.,  Ches- 
ter, 1772,  4to;  3d  ed.,  by  AVm.  Latham,  1800,  who  pub.  an 
Address  to  the  Public  on  the  subject,  as  did  also  (1772, 4to) 
Dr.  Foote. 

Gower,  Humphrey,  D.D.,  Master  of  St.  John's  Coll., 
Camb.  1.  Two  Funl.  Serms.,  16S5,  4to.  2.  Serm.,  1685. 
Gower,  John,  1325?-I402,  the  contemporary  and 
friend  of  Chaucer,  is  entitled  to  some  share  of  the  honours 
which  principally  pertain  to  the  latter  as  the  Father  of 
English  Poetry.  The  personal  history  of  Gower — Sir 
John  Gower,  so  some.  Judge  Gower,  so  others — is  involved 
in  great  obscurity.  All  that  can  be  considered  settled  is 
that  he  was  a  student  of  law  in  the  Inner  Temple,  learned 
in  his  profession,  a  man  of  substance,  and  in  high  esteem 
with  his  contemporaries,  and  lost  his"  sight  about  three 
years  before  his  death.  Ilis  monument,  which  retains  "a 
considerable  portion  of  ancient  magnificence,"  is  atill  to 
be  seen  in  St.  Saviour's  Church. 

'■It  is  of  the  Gothic  style,  covered  with  three  arches,  the  roof 
within  spriut;ing  into  many  anj^les,  under  which  lies  the  .statue 
of  the  deceased,  in  a  long  purple  pown;  on  his  head  a  coronet  of 
roses,  resting  on  three  volumes  entitled  Vnx  Cloma7iiis.  t<j)iculitni 
Jileditantis  and  Cimfessio  Aviantis.  His  dress  has  iiiven  rise  to  some 
of  those  conjectures  respecting  his  history  which  cannot  now  be 
determined,  as  his  being  a  kni;j;ht,  a  judge,  etc." 

His  principal  work  consists  of  three  parts,  only  the  third 
of  which — finished  in  1393 — has  been  printed:  I.  Specu- 
lum Meditantis,  or  the  Mirrour  of  Meditation;  in  French 
rhymes,  ten  books:  it  treats  of  the  nature  of  virtue  and 
vice  ;  conjugal  fidelity ;  the  duty  and  mode  of  repentance. 
11.  Vox  Clamantis,  or  the  Voice  of  one  crying  in  the  Wil- 
derness, contains  in  seven  books  of  Latin  elegiacs  a  metri- 
cal chrrjniele  of  the  insurrection  of  the  Commons  in  the 
reign  of  Richard  the  Second.  III.  The  Coniessio  Aman- 
tis,  or  the  Lover's  Confession,  is  an  English  poem  in  eight 
books,  (said  to  contain  30,000  verses,)  written  by  command 
of  Richard  the  Second,  who,  "meeting  our  puet  Gower 
rowing  on  the  Thames  near  London,  invited  him  into  the 
royal  barge,  and  after  much  conversation  requested  him 
to  'book  some  new  thing.'" 

"It  is  on  the  last  of  these  pieces — the  Confessio  Amantis — that 
Gower's  character  and  reputation  as  a  poet  are  almost  entirely 
founded.  This  poem,  which  bears  no  inmiediate  reference  to  the 
other  two  divisions,  is  a  dialogue  between  a  lover  and  his  con- 
fessor, who  is  a  priest  of  Venus,  and.  like  the  mystagogue  in  the 
Picture  of  Cebes,  is  called  Genius.  Here,  as  if  it  had  been  impos- 
sible for  a  lover  not  to  be  a  good  Catholic,  the  ritual  of  religion  is 
applied  to  the  tender  passion,  and  Ovid's  Art  of  Love  is  blended 
with  the  breviary.     In  the  course  of  the  confession,  every  evil 

713 


GOW 


GRA 


affection  of  the  human  heart  which  may  tend  to  impede  the  pro- 
gress or  counteract  the  success  of  love,  is  scientifically  subdivided, 
and  its  fatal  effects  exemplified  fty  a  variety  of  apposite  stories, 
extracted  from  classics  and  chronicles.  The  poet  often  introduces 
or  recapitulates  his  matter  in  a  few  couplets  of  Latin  long  and 
short  verses.  This  was  in  imitation  of  Boethius."—  Wurtun's  Hist, 
of  Eiig.  Pndry. 

The  reader  must  carefully  jieruse  Warton's  elaborate 
criticism  on  Gower's  productions.     For  the  biographical 
detail  of  the  little  that  is  known,  and  that  which  is  sur- 
mised, respecting  the  author,  he  must  refer  to  Dr.  Camp- 
bell's Life  of  Gower,  in  the  Biog.  Brit.,  from  which  we 
shall    quote    Some   ancient    opinions   respecting    Gower's 
merits  as  a  poet.     Even  in  the  lighter  strains  of  his  muse 
he  sought  to  be  the  instructor  of  the  dark  age  in  which 
his  lot  was  cast.     He  is  well  entitled  to  the  honourable 
appellation,  conferred  upon   him  by  the  most  illustrious 
English  poet  of  the  times,  of  Moral  Gower: 
*'  O  moral  Gower  I  this  hoke  I  direete 
To  the,  and  to  the  philosophicall  strode, 
To  vouchsafe  there  nede  is  for  to  correcte 
Of  your  benignities  and  zelis  gode." 

Omdiision  of  Ti-oilus  and  Cn]Sside. 

It  is  not  perhaps  altogether  irrelevant  to  show  that 
Gower  was  not  insensible  to  the  merits  of  his  fellow-poet 
and  literary  disci)de.  In  the  Uonfessio  Amantis  ho  makes 
Venus  pay  the  following  tribute  to  Chaucer  : 

"  And  grete  wel  Chaucer,  when  ye  mete, 
As  my  disciple  and  my  po&te : 
For  in  the  flowers  of  his  youth 
In  sundry  wise,  as  he  well  couthe. 
Of  ditees'and  of  songes  glade 
The  which  he  for  my  sake  made,"  Ac. 
Gower  subsequently  omitted  these  verses,  and  it  is  sup- 
posed that  the  friendship  which  subsisted  between  these 
eminent  scholars  and  poets  sufTered  some  interruption  in 
the  latter  jiart  of  their  lives;  but  this  presumption  is  not 
beyond  doubt,  nor  is  it  a  theme  upon  which  we  care  to 
linger. 

Berthelette,  in  dedicating  Gower's  Confessio  Amantis  to 
K.  Henry  VIII.,  is  enthusiastic  in  its  conimendatioa  : 

"And  who  so  ever  in  redvnge  of  this  worke  doth  consider  it  well, 
shall  fynde  that  it  is  plenlifully  stuffed  and  fournisbed  with  niani- 
folde  eloriueut  reasons,  sharpe  and  quicke  argumentes,  and  ex- 
amples of  great  aucthorilie,  perswadynge  unto  vertue,  not  only 
taken  out  of  the  |)oets,  oratours.  historic-writers,  and  philosophers, 
but  also  out  of  the  holy  scripture.  There  is  to  my  dome  no  man 
but  that  he  male  by  readinge  of  this  worke  get  righte  great  know- 
ledge, as  well  for  the  understandynge  of  many  and  divers  auctours, 
whose  reasons,  sayenges.  and  histories,  are  translated  in  to  this 
worke,  as  for  the  pleintie  of  English  words  and  vulgars,  beside  the 
furtherance  of  the  life  to  vertue." 

Putlteuham,  treating  of  the  parents  of  English  poetry, 
remarks : 

"I  will  not  reach  above  the  time  of  King  Edward  the  third  and 
Richard  the  second,  for  any  that  wrote  in  English  metre;  Iweause, 
before  their  times,  bv  reason  of  the  late  Noi man  Conquest,  which 
had  brought  into  this  re;ilin  much  alteration  both  of  our  langUirge 
and  lawes.and  theiewithall  a  certain  martial  barbarousnes,  where- 
by the  study  of  all  good  learning  was  so  much  decayed,  as  long 
after  no  man,  or  very  few,  inteuded  to  write  on  any  laudable  sci- 
ence; so  as  beyond  that  time  there  is  little  or  notbiie.;  w..rlli  com- 
mendation to  be  founde  written  in  this  arte.  And  those  ot  the 
first  age  were  Chaucer  and  Gower,  lioth  of  them,  as  I  suppose, 
Knightes.  After  whom  followed  .lohn  V.idgate,  the  Monke  of 
Bm-v.  and  that  nameless,  who  wrote  the  Satyre  called  Tiers  Plow- 
man."— Art  of  En(fUsh  Poane. 

"  In  the  Italian  language  the  first  that  made  it  to  aspiio  to  be  a 
Treasure-House  of  ^icieuce  were  the  poets  Dante,  Boccace,  and  I'e- 
trarch.  So  in  our  English  were  Gower  and  Chaucer,  after  whom, 
encouraged  and  delighted  with  their  excellent  foregoing,  others 
have  followed  to  beautifie  our  mother  tongue,  as  well  in  the  same 
kind  as  other  arts."— &r  P/iilip  Skliiei/'s  Vifena  of  Poesie. 

"  Gower  lieing  very  gracious  with  Iting  Ilenrie  the  fourth,  in  his 
time  carried  the  name  of  the  only  poet;  but  his  verses,  to  say 
truth,  weie  pool-  and  plaine.  yet  full  of  good  and  grave  mor.alitie, 
but  while  he  affected  altogether  the  French  phra.se  and  words, 
made  himself  loo  obscure  to  his  re,ader,  beside  his  invention 
cunieth  far  short  of  the  promise  of  his  titles."— I'e.^cham  :  The 
I  imiplt'at    Gnitlcman. 

But  Dr.  Warton  defends  Gower  and  others,  who  share  in 
the  censure,  against  those  critics  who  blame  these  writers 
for  not  adhering  more  closely  to  their  own  tongue  : 

"  I  close  this  section  with  an  apology  for  Chaucer.  Gower,  and 
Occleve.  who  are  supposed,  by  the  severer  etymologists,  to  have 
corrupted  the  purity  of  the  English  language  by  affecting  to  inti-o- 
duce  so  manv  foreign  words  and  phrases.  But  if  wo  attend  only 
to  the  politics  of  the  times,  we  shall  find  these  poets,  as  also  some 
of  their  successors,  much  less  blameable  in  this  respect  than  the 
crilics  imagine." 

Read  this  satisfactory  vindication — Hist,  of  Eng.  Poet., 
Section  xx.,  and  see  Section  xix.  for  an  account  of  (Jower's 
works  still  in  MS. 

Mr.  Ilnllam's  opinion  of  Gower's  merits  as  a  poet  seems 
to  coincide  very  nearly  with  that  of  Peachani: 

"A  vast  iutcrval  must  be  made  between  Chaucer  and  any  other 
Eu'disb  poet;  yet  Gower.  his  contemporary,  though  not,  like  him, 
aiioet  of  nature's  growth,  had  some  effect  in  renderiui;  the  lau; 
Jti 


guage  less  rude  and  exciting  a  taste  for  verse;  if  he  never  rises, 
he  never  sinks  low;  he  is  always  sensible,  polished,  perspicuous, 
and  not  prosaic  in  the  worst  sense  of  the  word." — Lit.  Hist,  of 
jLu-wpe. 

Wc  have  referred  to  Warton's  account  of  Gower's  works 
in  manuscript.  In  the  History  of  English  Poetry  will  be 
found  copious  extracts  from  the  Cinquante  Balades,  or 
Fifty  French  Sonnets,  which  compose  the  "  most  curious 
and  valuable  part  of  Lord  Gower's  manuscript."  In  1818, 
4to,  the  entire  contents  of  the  MS.,  with  the  exception  of 
the  poem  "  De  Pacis  Commendatione,"  was  printed  by 
Lord  Gower,  subsequently  Duke  of  Sutherland,  for  the 
Members  of  the  Roxburghe  Club.  .Sir  M.  M.  .Sykes,  162S, 
£5  5«.  Boswcll,  3045,  £5  5«.  Dent,  Pt.  2,  1206,  £i  10«. 
Of  the  Confessio  Amantis,  the  Confessyon  of  the  Loner, 
the  first  ed.  was  printed  by  Caxton  in  1493,  (misprinted 
1483,)  fob: 

"  The  lloxburgbe  copy  of  this  book  produced  the  enormous  sum 
of  33t,?.,  purchased  by  the  Duke  of  Devonshire.  The  Merly  copy 
was  purchased  lor  315^  bv  the  Duke  of  -Marlborough ;  and,  at  the 
sale  of  the  Duke's  books.'biought  the  sum  of  2I16(.  16.1.  The  pur- 
chaser was  Mr.  tieorge  Watson  T.aylor :  at  the  sale  of  whose  library 
again  in  18'J3.  it  was  found  to  be  imperfect,  and  sold  for  57^  15s." 
— Dibdin's  Lib.  Cimp. 

In  Dibdin's  Typ.  Antiq.  of  G.  Brit.,  i.  177-185,  will  be 
found  a  full  account  of  the  Caxtonian  ed.  of  the  Confessio 
Amantis. 

Thomas  Berthelette  printed  a  second  ed.  in  15.^2,  fob, 
and  a  third  in  1654,  fol.  These  have  sold  at  prices  rang- 
ing from  £2  to  £S  1S«.  6(/.  each,  according  to  condition, 
state  of  the  bibliomania,  ,tc.  In  addition  to  the  author- 
ities already  cited,  the  reader  must  consult  Todd's  Illustra- 
tions of  Gower  and  Chancer,  which  has  been  noticed  in 
our  life  of  Ch.aueer  ;  Ellis's  .Specimens  of  Early  Eng.  Poet.; 
Chalmers's  British  Poets ;  Brydgcs's  ed.  of  Phillips's  Theat. 
Poet.  See  an  interesting  anecdote  respecting  the  Confessio 
Amantis,  K.  Ch.arlos  I.,  and  the  Marquess  of  Worcester,  in 
Mr.s.  Thomson's  Recollections  of  Literary  Characters  and 
Celebrated  Places,  ii.  299-301.  We  may  be  excused  for 
devoting  so  much  space  to  an  author  who  is  almost  un- 
known to  the  modern  reader,  when  we  have  the  high 
authority  of  Dr.  Warton  to  justify  us  in  the  assertion  that 
if  Chaucer 

"had  not  existed,  the  compositions  of  Gower  would   have  been 
Buthcient  to  rescue  the  r.-igns  of  Edward  the  Third  and  Kichard 
the  Second  fruni  the  imputation  of  barbarism." 
Gower,  John.     Serm.,  1772,  4to. 
Gower,  Natliiiiiiel.     Serm.,  1709,  4to. 
Gower,  Kichard.  Children's  Diseases, Lon.,16S2,Svo. 
Gower,  Kicliaril  Hall.     1.  Seamanship,  Lon.,  1793, 
'96,  1S08,  8vo.     2.  Siipp.  to  do.,  1807,  '10,  8vo.     3.  Con- 
voys, 1811,  8vo.     4.  Naval  Architecture,  ISll,  8vo. 
Gower,  Stanley.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1044,  4to. 
Grace,  Henry.     His  History  of  his  Life  and  Suffer- 
ings, Reading,  Eng.,  1764,  Svo,  pp.  56. 

"Tile  author's  recital  of  the  various  hardships  he  underwent 
affords  that  painful  entertainment  we  usually  find  in  historical 
details  of  distress,  especially  when  they  have  any  thing  of  arfcc7i- 
t((rt'  in  them,  as  is  the  case  with  the  present  artless  but  affecting 
narrative." — Lull.  Mntith.  Iiei<. 

Grace,  Job.     Serm.,  2  Cor.  xix.  6,  1710,  4to. 

Grace,  SheHieUl.  1.  A  Survey  of  Tullaroan,  or 
Grace's  Parish,  Duhl.,  1819,  Svo.  2.  Memoirs  of  tho 
Family  of  Grace,  Lon.,  1823,  8vo.  Both  privately  printed. 
For  an  account  of  these  records  of  the  Grace  Family,  and 
a  notice  of  the  Grace  Mausoleum,  Dubl.,  1819,  8vo,  sea 
Martin's  Eibl.  Cat.  of  Books  Privately  Printed. 

Gracin,  i>I.     Horticult.  con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1730. 

Grady,  S.  G.  I.  Regis,  of  A'oters  Act,  kc,  Lon., 
1843,  12uio.  2.  Law  of  Fixtures,  1846,  12nio.  3.  In  con- 
junction with  C.  H.  Scotland,  Law  and  Practice,  Crown 
side,  Ct.  of  il  B..  1844,  12ino. 

Gra!m,  l'.  Montis,  K.  Pielas  in  Patrcm  e  vita  de- 
cedentem.  Kiliii..  1009.  4to. 

Gneme,  Jolin,  1748-1772,  a  native  of  Carnw.arth, 
Lanarkshire,  Scotland,  ('(Uiiposcd  a  number  of  poems 
which  were  collected  and  itnb.  at  Edin.  in  1773,  8vo. 

"There  are  few  of  them  entitled  to  su|ierier  praise,  and  certainly 
none  that  can  justify  the  length  to  which  the  detail  of  his  life  and 
opinions  has  been  extended."  See  Chalmers's  Biog.  Diet.;  Ander- 
son's roets;   I'arU's  i'oets;  Brit.  Crit..  vol.  vii. 

Gripme,   Wnt.,  M.D.      1.  Knowl.  in  Physic,  Lon., 

1729,  8vo.  2.  Ilist<iria  Morbi  Tho.  Herdman,  1730,  Svo. 
In  English,  by  Isaac  Massay,  1730,  Svo. 

Grafton,  Augnstus  Henry  Fitzroy,  Duko  of, 
1736-1  Sll,  reprinted  an  ed.  of  Griesbach's  Greek  Test,  at 
his  own  expense.  1.  Hints  to  tho  Clergy,  Nobility,  and 
Gentry.    2.  .Apclcnlhcrus.    This  treats  of  theolog.  subjects. 

Grafton,  II.  IJ.,  C.apt.  U.  States  Artillery.  Treatise 
on  the  Camp  and  March,  &a.,  Bust.,  1S54,  12mo. 


GRA 


GRA 


Grafton,  Mary.  1.  Spiritual  Gleanings,  Lou.,  ISOS, 
Svo.     2.  Pleasures  of  Religion,  iyi4,  8\'o. 

Grafton,  Richard,  an  English  printer  to  Edward 
VI.,  of  the  16th  century,  is  best  known  to  posterity  by 
the  Chvoiiielos  which  bear  his  name.  Iq  the  time  of 
Henry  VIII.  he  was  imprisoned  six  weeks  in  the  Fleet 
for  printing  Matthew's  Bible  and  the  Great  Bible  without 
notes  ;  and  he  was  subeequently  deprived  of  his  patent  for 
printing  the  proclamation  of  Lady  Jane  tirey,  Queone  of 
England,  &c.,  1563,  fol.  Ho  pub.  in  1562,  16mo,  An 
Abridgment  of  the  Chronicles  of  England, 

'■Reprinted  the  two  succeedinR  years,  and  in  1572.  And  as 
Stowe  had  published  his  Summarie  of  the  Englyshe  Chronicles  iu 
1565,  Grafton  sent  out  as  a  rival,  an  abridsenient  of  his  abridge- 
ment, which  he  entitled  'A  Manuell  of  the  Chronicles  of  Eng- 
land'; and  Stowe,  not  to  be  behind  with  him.  published  in  the 
same  year  his  'Summarieof  Chrnnicles  Aliridged."  This  i-ivalship 
was  accompanied  by  harsh  reflections  on  each  other  in  their  re- 
spective preliices.  In  1509  Grafton  published  his  'Chronicle  at 
large,  and  meere  History  of  the  Affayres  of  Knplande,'  ["and 
Kinges  of  the  same,'  2  vols,  folio,]  some  part  of  which  seems  to 
have  been  unjustly  censured  by  Buchanan." 

See  Ames  and  Herbert's  Typ.  Antiq.  of  G.  Brit.,  and 
Dibdin's  edit,  thereof,  for  an  account  of  Grafton's  publica- 
tions. Grafton's  Chronicle  was  repub.,  Lon.,  1S09,  2  vols. 
4to,  with  his  Table  of  BailifFs,  Sheriffs,  and  Mayors  of 
London,  1189-1558,  corrections,  and  copious  index.  Yot 
the  edit,  of  1569,  2  vols,  fid.,  sometimes  bound  in  one  vol., 
is  not  to  be  had  when  perfect,  save  at  a  high  price.  The 
collector  must  observe  that  the  copy  which  he  buys  has 
♦he  original  wood-engraved  frontispiece,  containing  por- 
ti'aits  of  the  Kings  of  England,  also  a  portrait  of  Q.  Eliza- 
beth, and  the  table  or  index  to  the  second  vol.,  consisting 
of  five  leaves,  on  the  last  page  of  which  is  Grafton's 
woodcut  device — a  Tun.  Such  a  copy,  well  bound,  will 
hardly  be  sold  at  less  than  £10  to  £12.  As  an  authority, 
Grafton  does  not  occupy  the  first  rank.  Bishop  Nicolson 
speaks  with  but  little  respect  of  Hall's  Chronicles,  and 
with  still  less  of  our  author's  : 

''  A  great  borrower  from  this  Hall  was  Richard  Grafton,  whn.  ns 
Buchanan  lightly  observes,  was  a  very  heedless  and  unskilful 
writer;  and  yet  he  has  the  honour  done  him  to  >ie  snmetimes 
quoted  by  Stowe  and  others." — Eng.  Hist.  Lib.,  ed.  1777,  p.  58. 

But  it  is  not  to  be  forgotten  on  Grafton's  behalf  that 
he  assures  us  that  he  himself  wrote  the  completion  of 
Hall's  continuation  of  his  Chronicle ;  and  if  Bishop 
Nicolson  alludes  to  the  continuation,  he  seems  to  do  Graf- 
ton injustice.  In  1543,  4to,  Grafton  pub.  Harding's 
Chronicle,  with  a  continuation  of  his  own,  in  prose,  to  the 
thirty-fourth  year  of  Henry  VIII. 

Graglia,  C.  1.  Itiilian  Exercises,  Lon.,  12mo.  2. 
Grammar,  12mo.  3.  Letters,  12mo.  4.  Ital.  and  Eng. 
Dictionary,  new  ed.,  1851,  18mo. 

Graglia,  G.  A.  1.  Dictionary  of  Ital.  and  Eng.,  Lon.. 
17S6,  sm.  4to;  1795,  12mo;  1815,  12mo,  2.  Guide  to 
Italian,  1803,  12mo. 

Graham.     See  Gr.eme. 

Graham.  Wallace;  a  Tragedy,  Edin.,  1799,  Svo. 
Only  six  coi)ies  printed. 

Graham,  Dr.  Con.  to  Med.  Com.,  17S7. 
Graham,  Catherine.  See  Macaulav. 
Graham,  David,  Jr.,  of  the  New  York  Bar.  1. 
Cts.  of  Law  and  Equity  in  N.  York,  N.  York,  1S39.  Svo. 
2.  New  Trials,  1834,  Svo.  New  ed..  greatly  enlarged,  by 
D.  Graham,  Jr.,  and  Thos.  W.  Waterman,  1856,  3  vols. 
Svo.  3.  Prac.  of  the  Supreme  Ct.  of  N.  York,  2d  ed.,  1836, 
Svo  ;  3d.  cd.,  v<d.  i.,  1847,  8vo.     Vol.  ii.  in  preparation. 

Graham,  Dougal.  Hist,  of  the  Rebellion  in  Brit, 
in  1745-40;  5th  ed.,  Glasg.,  17S7,  12mo ;  9th  ed.,  Fal- 
kirk, 1812,  Svo. 

Graham,  George,  1675-1751,  an  astronomical  in- 
strument maker,  a  native  of  Cumlierland,  contributed 
astri>n'un.  and  other  papers  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1721-48. 

Graham,  George.  IVlemachus ;  a  Mask,  Lon., 
1762,  4to. 

Graham,  George  Farquhav.  1.  Essay  on  Musical 
Composition,  Edin.,  1838,  4to.  2.  Art  of  English  Composi- 
tion. 1840.  12mo;  4th  ed.,  1858.  3.  First  Steps  to  Latin 
Writing;  2d  ed..  1844,  12mo.  4.  Chart  of  English  Sove- 
reigns, 1843,  Svo.  5.  Helps  to  English  Grammar,  1843, 
12mo.  6.  English  Synonymcs,  1846,  12mo;  edited  by 
Henry  Reed,  LL.D.,  N.  York,  1847,  12mo ;  3d  Lou.  ed., 
1S58.  7.  English  Spelling-Book,  1847,  12mo.  8.  Studies 
from  the  English  Poets,  1852,  12nio ;  2d  ed.,  1858.  9. 
Songs  of  Scotland,  1856,  r.  Svo.  10.  English  Style,  1S57, 
12mo.  Also  articles  Music,  Organ,  &c.  in  Encyc.  Brit., 
8th  ed..  1853-60. 

Graham,  Isabella,  1742-1814,  a  native  of  Lanark, 
Scotland,  a  daughter  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  John  Marshall,  in 


1789  .selected  N<-;w  York  as  a  permanent  residence,  and 
lived  iu  that  city  until  her  death.  She  was  devoted  to 
good  works;  and  several  useful  institutions  of  the  city  are 
her  best  monuments.  Her  grandson,  tlie  Rev.  George  W. 
Bethuno,  D.D.,  of  Brooklyn,  New  York,  inherits  both  her 
liternry  talents  and  moral  virtues.  Dr.  Mason  pub.  Me- 
moirs of  Mrs.  Graham  ;  and  of  her  Life  and  Writings, 
(first  pub.  1816,  Svo)  more  than  50,000  copies  have  been 
sold  in  America,  and  many  in  England  and  Scotland. 
New  ed.,  L'>n.,  1838,  Svo.  Letters  and  Correspondence, 
selected  by  her  daughter,  Mrs.  Bethune,  N.  York,  1838, 
Svo.  Edited  by  the  Rev.  J.  Marshall,  Lon.,  1839,  Svo. 
Memoir  of,  N.  York,  12mo:  also  by  the  Anier.  Tract  Soc. 

Graham,  James,  Marquis  of  Montrose,  1612-1650, 
one  of  the  most  illustrious  characters  of  modern  history, 
murdered  in  the  most  brutal  manner  by  his  political  ene- 
mies, was  the  author  of  a  number  of  poems,  &c.  See 
Watson's  Collection;  Pinkerton's  Scottish  Ballads:  Rit- 
son's  Scottish  Songs.  It  is  rather  doubtful  what  pieces 
may  be  certainly  ascribed  to  him  ;  but 

''To  the  Ver.ses  on  Charles  the  First  he  has  an  unquestionabla 
right;  and  they  are  conceived  with  tho  vigour  and  dignity  of  a 
Bol*i\ev."—Umd!^tj's  Select  Bc'mh>s  of  Anc.  Eng.  Poet. 

"  lie  was  not  without  vanity,  but  bis  virtues  were  much 
superior,  and  he  well  deserved  to  have  his  memory  preserved  and 
celebmted  among  the  most  illustrious  persons  of  the  age  in  which 
he  lived.''— Loan  CtARENDON. 

See  Lloyd's  Memoirs  ;  Do  Rebus  prjeclare  ab  eo  gestis, 
1647,  Svo  ;  Park's  Walpolo's  R.  and  N.  Authors,  and 
authorities  there  cited. 

Graham,  James.  Con.  to  Med.  Obs.  and  Tnq.,  1755. 

Graham,  James,  M.D.     Med.  works,  1779-90. 

Graham,  James.     Population,  1816,  Svo. 

Graham,  James,  of  New  Orleans,  has  now  (1856) 
in  preparation,  jnomised  in  the  present  year.  The  Life  of 
Col.  Daniel  Morgan,  of  the  Continental  Army,  from  hia 
unpub.  letters  and  papers.  Mr.  G.  is  a  grandson  of  Col. 
Morgan.  No  life  of  the  hero  of  Cowpens  has  yet  ap- 
peared, and  the  only  biographical  sketch  which  lias  been 
published  is  not  thought  by  Mr.  Graham  to  do  justice  to 
its  subject. 

Graham,  Rt.  Hon.  Sir  James  Robert  George, 
h.  June,  1702,  has  occupied  many  important  positions 
under  the  British  Government.  Coin  and  Currency:  an 
Address  to  the  Land-owners,  Lon.,  1827,  Svo. 

"An  exceedingly  well-written,  able  pamphlet."^J/cC^Hoc7i'* 
Lit.  of  PoUt.  Ecoii.,  q.  V. 

Graham,  Johu,  1694-1773,  minister  in  Woodbury, 
Connect.  1.  Ballad  against  the  Ch.  of  Eng.  in  Connec.» 
1732.  2.  Tract  on  the  same  subject.  3.  Rejoinder  to 
Johnson's  Answer.  See  Chandler's  Life  of  Saml.  John- 
son, D.D. 

Graham,  John.     Serms.,  Ac,  1800,  '06,  '10. 

Graham,  Johu.     Serms.,  1835,  ''6^. 

Graham,  Rev.  John.  1.  Hist,  of  Ireland,  1689-91, 
Lon.,  1839,  I2mo.  2.  Siege  of  Londonderry;  new  ed., 
1841,  12mo. 

Graham,  John  A.,  LL.D.  Sketch  of  Vermont,  Lon., 
1797,  Svo.     Sec  Rii-h"s  BiM.  Amcr.  Nova. 

Graham,  John  Lorimer,  born  in  Vermont,  pub. 
Letters  from  Vermont,  Junius  Identified,  A-c. 

Graham,  lYIaria.  See  Calloott,Lady  Maria  ;  Lon. 
Gent.  Mag..  Jan.  1843,  98-99. 

Graham,  Mary  Jane,  1S03-1830,  a  native  of  Lon- 
don, removed  a  few  years  before  her  death  to  Stoke- 
Floming,  where  she  died.  She  trans,  the  Vicar  of  AVake- 
field  into  French,  Latin,  and  Sjianish,  and  commenced  an 
Itiilian  version.  None  of  these  tran.^Iations  were  pub. 
She  was  also  acquainted  witii  Greek,  and  skilled  in  ma- 
thematics ;  up()n  this  S(nence  she  left  an  original  MS. 
Some  of  her  adtlresses  and  questions  written  for  the  chil- 
dren of  her  parish,  jind  other  remains,  have  been  pub.  She 
is  best  known  by  The  Test  of  Truth,  the  7th  ed.  of  which 
appeared  in  1852,  sq. 

An  interesting  Memoir  of  Miss  Graham  was  pub.  by 
the  Rev.  Charles  Bridges,  Vicar  of  Old  Newton,  Sulfolk, 
1st  ed.,  1832  ;  2d  ed.,  1833.     New  ed.,  1853,  fp.  Svo. 

"The  writer  is  irlad  to  find  that  the  lai-^'e  extent  nf  {[Ufitafinn 
[from  the  Test  of  Truth]  with  which  he  has  indulged  hiuiself  has 
in  some  means  been  etfectual  to  inti-oduce  Miss  Graham's  work 
from  the  comparative  obscuiity  of  an  anonymous  publication  into 
that  more  general  acceptance  which  in  his  own.  and.  he  presumes 
he  may  add.  in  his  reader'.s  judgment  it  well  deserves." — Kev. 
Charles  Bkiiioes:  Mi-moir  of  M.  J.  Graham. 

Graham,  Patrick,  D.D.  1.  Scenery  of  Perthshire, 
Edin..  1S06,  "10,  '12,  12mo.  2.  Authenticity  of  Ossian, 
1807.  Svo;   Lon..  1810,  Svo. 

Graham,  Rich.     Latitude;  Phil.  Trans.,  1734. 

Graham,  Robert,    Lett,  to  Wm.  Pitt,  Lon.,  1788,  Svo. 

715 


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Graham,  Robert,  JI.D.  1.  Fever,  Glasg,  ISIS,  Svo. 
>    Obstriictod  Aurtii;  Medico-Chirurg.  Trans.,  18U. 

Graham,  Robert  Hay,  M.D.  Water  Cure  as  prac- 
ised  at  Graefenberg,  Lon.,  1844,  8vo. 

"  During  the  two  months  Dr.  Graham  pas.wd  at  or  near  Graefen- 
l.erff  he  had  ample  opportunitiesof  investigating  the  nature  of  the 
treatment  pursued  bv  Preissnitz.  the  class  of  persons  who  ™nsti- 
lute  his  patients,  and  the  results  whi.  h  are  olitained;  and  of  these 
opportunities  he  availed  himself  to  the  utmost.  His  book  is  cer- 
tidnlv  the  most  seientiflc  and  most  impartial,  and  yet  the  mrat 
merciless,  r:rpos(  of  the  Graefenberg  fiaud,  that  we  have  met  with  ; 
the  most  complete  history  that  has  appealed,  not  only  of  hydro- 
pathy as  piactised  by  the  followers  of  I'reissnltz,  but  as  practised 
bv  Flover.  Baynard,  Currie,  &c"—Lon.  Lanctt. 

Graham,  Thomas,  D.C.L.,  b.  1805,  at  Glasgow; 
Master  of  the  Mint;  Prof,  of  Chemistry  in  University  Coll., 
London.  1.  Elements  of  Botany.  Lon.,  Ih42,  12mo.  I. 
For  Schools,  1S48,   p.  Svo. 


3.  Elements   of   Chemistry, 


1848,  Svo.  Amer.  ed.,  with  Notes  and  Addits.  by  Robert 
Bridges,  M.D.,  Phila.,  1852,  Svo ;  new  ed.,  Pt,  1,  Lon.,  lS5b : 
Pt  ■>  1858  8vo,— forming  2  vols.  A  work  of  great  value. 
Graham,  Thomas  J.  1.  The  Cold-Water  System; 
an  Essay  e.thibiting  the  merits  and  most  safe  and  effectual 
cmployliient  of  this  excellent  System  in  Debility,  Indi- 
gestion, Ac,  2d  ed.,  Lon.,  1843,  Svo.  2.  Modern  Domestic 
Medicine,  11th  ed.,  1853,  Svo.  ,     „    ^  .     ^  , 

"  We  shall  preserve  it  as  the  advice  of  an  invaluable  friend,  to 
which  we  can  refer  in  the  hour  cf  ne«d.  without  any  doubt  of  be- 
ing benefited  by  its  wisdom."— io?!.  LUcrary  CUionule. 
Other  medical,  &c.  works. 

Graham,  Rev.  W.  The  Jordan  and  the  Rhine ;  or, 
the  East  and  the  West,  Lon.,  1854,  Svo. 

"  ParUcularly  rich  in  notes  of  modern  Eastern  habits,  customs, 
and  peculiarities,  as  illustrative  of  Scripture;  and  in  re:-'ard  to 
these  communicating  a  mass  of  information  often  of  a  singularly 
curious  and  suggestive  kind."— ion. -tdi'Prfiso-.  _ 

Graham,  Walter,  M.D.  Water  in  Cjstisis  adhering 
to  the  Periluna?uin;  Phil.  Tr-ana.,  1741. 

Graham,  >Vm.  Semis.,  Ac,  1759, 71, 72,  Lon.,  all  Svo. 
Graham,  VVm.,  Rector  of  Stapleton.     The  Eclogues 
of  Virgil,  trans,  into  English  Verse.  Lon.,  1786,  Svo. 

Graham,  Rev.  Wm.,  of  Newcastle.  1.  Review  of 
Eccles.  Establish,  in  Europe,  Glasg.,  1792;  Lon.,  1S12, 
Svo.     2.  Missionary  Societies,  1797,  Svo. 

Grahame,  James,  17fi5-1811,  a  native  of  Glasgow, 
and  educated  at  the  University  of  that  city,  after  devoting 
tome  years  to  legal  pursuits,  took  holy  orders,  and  became 
successively  Curate  of  Shipton,  in  Gloucestershire,  and  of 
Sedgefield,"in  the  county  of  Durham.  He  wrote  a  number 
of  poems,  the  principal  of  which  are  in  blank  verse.  1. 
Mary  Stewart,  Queen  of  Scots,  Edin.,  1801,  Svo. 

"  His  drama  of  ,^Iary  Stuart  wants  that  passionate  and  happy 
vigour  which  the  stage  requires."— ^ftin  CumiinghairCs  Biog.  and 
Crit.  Hist,  nf  tlie  Lit.  of  the  last  FSfly  Tears. 

"  A  subject  naturally  attractive  to  a  young  Scottish  poet.  But 
his  genius  was  utterly  undramaticand  althcmgh  it  possesses  some 
fine  passages  it  failed  in  commanding  attentir'U." — D.  M.  Moia; 
Sl.itdies  of  the  Pml.  Lit.  nf  the  I'.ist  Half-'  ■•iitury. 

2.  The  Sabbath ;  a  Poem.  Anon.,  1804,  Svo ;  2d  ed.,  with 
Sabbath  Walks,  1805,  12mo.     3  eds.  same  year. 

"The  greater  part  of  it  is  written  in  a  heavy  and  inelegant  man- 
ner .  .  It  contains  a  good  deal  of  doctrine  and  argumentation, 
indeed,  both  in  the  text  and  in  the  notes:  but  nothing  that  is  not 
either  very  trite  or  very  shallow  and  extravagant.  . .  .  The  whole 
publication,  indeed,  thr.uih  not  entitled  to  stand  in  the  first  rank 
of  poetical  excellrnre.  is  i.spectat'ly  executed,  and  may  be  consi- 
dered as  veiy  creililahle.  either  to  a  beginner,  or  to  one  who  does 
not  look  U|ion  yioetrv  as  bis  primary  vocation."— Lord  Jeffrey: 
Jidin.  !:• ,:.  V.  4:i7-442. 

"While  the  criticasters  of  his  own  country  were  pronouncing 
sentence  of  condemnation  upon  it.  for  its  pious  dulness  and  in- 
anity, the  Sabt-ath  had  fvmnditsway  from  oneendof  (ireat  liritain 
to  the  other."— lioBERT  Soi'TUET:  Lnn.  Quiir.  Her.,  iii.  456-461. 

"The  poem  of  the  Sabliath  will  long  endear  the  name  of  .lames 
Grahame  to  all  who  love  the  due  ohsenance  of  Sunday  and  are 
acquainted  with  the  devout  thoughts  and  poetic  feeling  which  it 
inspires."— All^n  CrN.viNoUAM  :  nbi  siipru. 

3.  Biblical  Pictures.  Lord  Byron  styles  this  and  the 
preceding  work  "  two  volumes  of  cant,  by  sepulchral  Gra- 
hame." The  world  would  not  have  been  the  loser  if  his 
lordship  had  favoured  us  with  some  of  the  same  kind  of 
"cant"  in  lieu  of  his  Don  Juan  and  productions  of  a 
eimilar  character. 

i.  Birds  of  Scotland,  and  other  Poems,  1806,  cr.  Svo  and 

12mo. 

"Grahame's  Birds  of  Scotland  is  a  delightful  poem:  yet  its  best 
passages  are  not  superior  to  .some  of  Clare's  about  the  same  charm- 
ing creatures — and  they  are  both  ornithologists  after  Audubon's 
and  our  own  heart." — Prof.  .Tohn  Wilson  :  Recreations  of  Cliristo- 
pher  North  :  An  Hour's  Talk  about  Poetry. 

"The  Birds  of  Scotland  is  a  fine  series  of  pictures,  giving  the 
form,  the  plumage,  the  haunts  and  habits  of  each  individual  bird, 
with  a  graphic  fidelity  rivalling  the  labours  of  Wilson."— Alx.\N 
CeNNiNGJl.\M;  uhi  siip7-a. 

"The  work  by  which  Mr.  Grahame  is  already  known  to  the  pub- 
lic [The  SabbaihJ  is  distinguished  by  the  abundance  of  faithful 
716 


GRA 

delineation  of  natural  objects,  and  the  interest  thrown  over  them 
bv  the  strou"  expression  of  characteristic  sentiments :  and  the  same 
truth  and  foVceof  description,  with  the  same  interest  arising  from 
the  development  of  the  writer's  mind,  will  be  found  In  the  Birds 
of  Scotland. '—io?!.  Jl/0"W.  ie™.  ,     ,^^.         ,  .  „     .^ 

"  We  need  not  add  that  the  perusal  of  this  volume  has  afforded 
us  a  very  uncommon  degree  of  pleasure.  The  sensibility,  without 
any  affectation,  which  the  author  on  all  occasions  displays,  cannot 
fail  to  interest  evei-y  reader:  he  plainly  feels  every  chai-m  of  nar 
ture  he  describes." — Lon.  Literary  Journal. 
6.  Poems,  Lon.,  1807,  2  vols.  Svo. 

"  His  Sabl>ath  Walks.  Biblical  Pictures,  and  Rural  Calendar,  are 
all  alike  remarkable  for  accuracy  of  description,  and  an  original 
turn  of  thought." — Allan  Cunningham:  ubi supra. 
6.  British  Georgics,  1809,  4to. 

"  In  The  British  Georgics,  the  last  and  most  ambitious  of  Gra- 
hame's  productions,  we  bare  disappointment,  less  from  the  falling 
off  iu  power  than  from  the  unhappy  selection  of  subject.  ...  At 
all  events,  we  know  that  the  British  agriculturist  neglects  James 
Grahanio's  Georgics  for  Henrv  Stephens's  Book  of  the  Farm.' — 
D.  M.  Mom :  ri:et.  Lit.  of  the  Past  Half-Ckntury. 

"No  practical  farmer,  he  may  depend  upon  it,  will  ever  submit 
to  be  schooled  in  blank  verse,  however  near  it  may  approach  to 
prose,  or  will  ever  condescend  to  look  into  the  British  Georgics  for 
instruction;  while  the  lovers  of  poetry  must  be  very  generally  dis- 
gusted liv  the  tediousness  of  those  discourses  on  piactical  hus- 
bandry, which  break  in  every  now  and  then,  so  ungracefully,  on 
the  loftier  strainsof  the  poet.  They  who  do  read  on.  however,  will 
I  be  rewarded,  we  think,  by  many  very  pleasing  and  beautiful  pas- 
sages; and  even  those  whose  natures  are  too  ungentle  to  admire 
this  kind  of  poetry  must  love  the  character  from  which  it  pro- 
ceeds, and  which  it  has  so  strong  a  tendency  to  form."— Loan 
Jeffrey  :  Edin.  Pev..  xvi.  213-223. 

"It  does  not  exhibit  any  particular  system  of  husbandry;  it 
amuses  rather  than  instructs,  and  recommends  the  study  of  the 
science  rather  than  teaching  of  it.  The  work  embraces  a  mixed 
description,  and  is  lavish  on  rural  modes  and  manners;  the  poetry 
is  both  lame  and  tame,  and  never  rises  beyond  a  feebleness  of  con- 
ception, and  a  descriptive  halt.  T'he  portion  of  practical  knowledge 
is  very  minute,  with  incidental  notices  of  new  introductions."- 
Donotdson's  Agricult.  liiofj. 

"If  the  poet  has  failed  in  his  present  attempt,  the  fault  lies 
chiefly  in  the  subject.  There  .are  the  same  marks  of  a  pious  mind, 
of  amiable  feelings,  and  of  accurate  observation  of  natural  objects, 
as  in  his  former  works;  but  unhappily  he  has  bound  himself  not 
merely  to  describe  the  opeiations  of  agriculture  throughout  the 
year,  from  January  to  December,  but  to  give  directions  for  them ; 
for  drying  manure  and  lime,  preparing  compost,  spreading  manure, 
ploughing,  paring,  and  burning,  ic.  What  can  be  done  with  such 
subjects?'" — Lon.  Qmir.  Per.,  iii.  456-461. 

7.  Poems  on  the  Abolition  of  the  Slave  Trade,  with  en- 
gravings from  pictures  by  Smirke,  1810,  4to. 

Few  poets  have  been  more  highly  commended  by  emi- 
nent .authorities  than  the  author  of  the  Sabbath: 

"The  genius  of  Grahame  ...  is  characterized  by  that  cheerful- 
ness which  seeks  and  sees  beauty  in  all  the  aspects  of  creation, 
and  finds  deliiht  in  whatever  is  high.  'holy.  pure,  and  of  good 
report.'  This  must  be  felt  by  every  one  capable  of  dissociating 
fanaticism  from  true  religion  and  of  believing  that  Chiistianity 
and  gloom,  instead  of  being  synonymous  terms,  are  utterly  irre- 
concilable and  separated."— D.  M.  MoiR :  «')•  supra. 

"There  is  a  quiet  natural  ease  about  all  his  descriptions;  a  light 
and  shade  both  of  landscape  and  character  in  all  his  pictures,  and 
a  tiuth  and  beauty  which  prove  that  he  copied  from  his  own  emo- 
tions, and  painted"  with  the  aid  of  his  own  eyes,  without  looking, 
as  Dryden  said,  through  the  spectacles  of  books.'' — Allan  Cun- 
NlNrjHAM:  ubi  supra. 

"  liis  taste  was  singular,  and  his  m.anner  correspondent.    The 
general  tenour  of  his  style  is  homely,  and  frequently  so  prosaic 
that  its  peculiar  giaces  appear  in  their  full  lustre  fiom  the  con- 
trast of  meanness  that  suriounds  them.    Ilis  readers  may  be  few : 
but  whoever  does  read  him  will  probably  be  oftener  surprised  into 
admiration  than  in  the  perusal  of  any  one  of  his  conteniporarie.s. 
The  most  lively,  the  most  lovely  sketches  of  natural  sceneiy,  of 
minute  imagery,  and  of  exquisite  incident,  unexpectedly  dereloped, 
occur  in  his  compositions,  with  ever-varying  yet  ever-assimilating 
features." — James  Montgomery  ;  Lects.  on  Genl.  Lit.,  Poet.,  (£c. 
"Such  glory,  Grahame!  thine:  Thou  didst  despise 
To  win  the  ear  of  this  degenerate  age 
Bv  gorgeous  epithets,  all  idly  heap'd 
On  theme  of  earthly  state,  or.  idler  still. 
By  tinkling  measures  and  unchasten'd  lays, 
Warbled  to  pleasure  and  her  siien-traiu, 
Profaning  the  best  name  of  poesy. 
W'ith  li'ftier  aspirations,  and  an  aim 
More  worthy  man's  immortal  nature.  Thou 
That  holiest  spirit  that  still  loves  to  dwell 
In  the  upright  heart  and  pure,  at  noon  o.'  night 
Didst  fervently  invoke,  and.  led  by  her 
Above  the  ,\oni:in  mount,  send  from  the  ft.irs 
Of  heaven  such  soul-subduing  melody 
As  Bethlehem  shepherds  heard  when  Christ  was  bom.'* 

John  AVilson. 
Grahame,  James.     A  Defence  of  the  Usury  Laws 
against  the  Arguments  of  Mr.  Bentham  and  the  Edinburgh 
Reviewers,  Edin.,  1817,  Svo. 

Grahame,  James,  pub.  An  Inquiry  into  the  Prin- 
ciples of  Population,  Edin.,  1816,  Svo  ;  AVhn  is  to  Blame? 
or.  Cursory  Review  of  the  American  Apology  for  Ame- 
rican Accession  to  Negro  Slavery,  Lon.,  1842,  Svo ;  and 
some  Poems  on  the  Abolition  nf  Shavery ;  but  is  best 
known  by  The  History  of  the  Rise  and  Progress  of  the 


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United  States  of  North  America  till  the  British  Revo- 
lution in  1688,  Lou.,  1827.  2  vols.  8vo.  New  ed,  with  a 
Contiuuatiuu,  bringing  the  history  down  to  the  year  1776, 
1836,  4  vols.  8vo.  Rcpub.  in  Phila.,  1845,  4  vols.  8vo; 
1846,  2  vols.  8vo;  1848,  2  vols.  8vo.  The  2d  Amer.  ed. 
contains  a  Memoir  by  President  Quincy,  to  which  we 
refer  the  reader.  See  also  The  Memory  of  the  late 
James  Grahame,  the  Historian  of  the  United  States,  Vin- 
dicated from  the  Charges  of  Mr.  Bancroft,  by  Josiah 
Quiney,  Bost.,  1846.  8vo. 

"Tbuif  iHu  lie  ii"  dmilit  that  hid  researches  after  materials  for 
his  purpose  liave  been  extensive,  and  that  hia  use  of  authorities 
iiaa  been  laborious  and  careful.  And  his  style,  though  sus- 
ceptible of  impiovement,  is  in  general  clear,  simple,  and  there- 
fore agieeiiMe.  Its  cliief  deficiency  is  in  force:  but  it  retjuires only 
a.  little  more  cultivation  and  revision  to  en.sure  for  it  the  praise 
of  perfect  correctness  and  even  elegance.  The  few  marks  of  bad 
taste  .ind  defective  judgment  which  Mr.  Grahame  has  betrayed 
call  rather  for  friendly  admonition  than  severe  censure." — Lon. 
Month.  Mrv..  cxii.  407-419,  1827. 

"A  valuable  acquisition  to  the  History  of  the  World.  In  these 
volumes  Mr.  Grahame  has  pbilosophically  investigated  the  origin 
and  progress  of  one  of  the  most  extraordinary  revolutions  that 
have  ever  occupied  the  atteutiou  of  mankind.' — Loii.  Literary 
Gazette. 

"  With  an  apparent  desire  to  be  above  prejudice,  with  industry 
equal  to  a  thorough  investigation  of  facts,  and  with  a  spirit  able 
to  appreciate  the  value  of  his  subject,  Mr.  Grahame  has  published 
what  we  conceive  to  be  the  best  book  that  has  any  wliere  appeared 
upon  the  early  history  of  the  United  States.  IIo  has  corrected, 
with  a  proper  bnldutss.  the  mistikes,  whether  of  ignorance  or  ma- 
lignity, which  his  pudecessors  in  the  same  labors  bad  committed." 
—4^.  F.  Adams:  N.  Amer.  Ho'.s  sxxii.  174-195,  1831. 

*'The  most  thorough  work,  and  incomparably  the  best  on  the 
subject  previous  to  the  appearance  of  Mr.  Bancroft's,  is  the  well- 
known  history  by  Mr.  Grahame,  a  truly  valuable  book,  in  which 
the  author,  though  a  foreigner,  has  shown  himself  capable  of 
appreciating  the  motives  and  comprehending  the  institutions  of 
our  Puritan  ancestors.  He  has  spared  no  pains  in  the  investiga- 
tion of  such  oiiginal  sources  as  were  at  his  command;  and  has 
conducted  his  incjuiiies  with  much  candor,  niauift-sting  through- 
out the  spirit  of  a  wholar  and  a  gentleman.'"— Wm.  II.  Prescott:  N. 
Amer.  Rev.,  Hi.  83-84, 1841.  See  also  Ferdinand  and  Isabella,  11th 
ed.,  vol.  ii.  407,  n. 

*'It  is  written  with  great  gravity  and  dignity,  moderation  and 
justice." — Chaxcei-lor  Kent. 

Yet  this  excellent  work  was  suffered  to  lie  on  the  book- 
sellers' shelves  in  London  :  the  reasons  for  which  are  satis- 
factorily stated  by  Mr.  Adams  and  Mr.  Preseutt.  We 
must  not  omit  tu  cull  the  attention  of  the  reader  to  Mr. 
Grahame's  amusing  lamentations  over  the  humour  of  the 
illustrious  Chronicler  of  Knickerbocker: 

"If  this  writer  had  confined  his  ridicule  to  the  wars,  or  rather 
bloodless  buffetings  and  squal.-bles,  of  the  Dutch  and  the  Swedes, 
his  readers  would  have  derived  more  unrepioved  enjoyment  from 
his  performance.  Probably  my  discernment  of  the  un suitableness 
of  Mr.  Irving's  mirth  is  tjuickened  by  a  sense  of  personal  wrung, 
as  I  cannot  help  feeling  that  he  has  by  anticipation  ridiculed  my 
topic  and  parodied  my  narrative.  If  Sancho  Panza  had  been  a 
real  governor,  misrepresented  by  the  wit  of  Cervantes,  his  future 
historian  would  have  found  it  no  easy  matter  to  bespeak  a  grave 
attention  to  the  annals  of  his  administration." 

Grahame,  Simeon.  1.  The  Passionate  Sparke  of  a 
Relenting  Minde,  Lon.,  1601,  4to.  This  is  a  collection  of 
poems.  Lloyd,  527,  £0  128.  2.  The  Anatomic  of  Ilumours, 
Edin.,  1609.  4to.  Gordonstoun,  105S.  £4  \U.  6(/.  Reed, 
2170,  £2  Is.  Bindley,  pt.  2.  1448,  £7  17*.  6f/.  This  con- 
sists of  prose  intermixed  with  verse.  It  is  thought  that 
it  suggested  to  Burton  the  first  idea  of  his  Anatomie  of 
Melancholic. 

Graile,  Edmund.  Little  Timothy's  Lesson  j  or,  The 
Hist,  of  the  Bible  in  metre,  Lon..  1611,  8vo. 

Graile,  John.  1.  Doctrine  of  Condition.?  in  the  Cove- 
nant of  Grace  against  W.  Eyre.  With  Preface  by  Count 
Jessop  in  vindic  of  Dr.  Twisse,  Lon.,  1665,  4to.  2.  Sacra 
Privata,  2  pts.,  16[!D,  8vo. 

Graile,  John,  of  Blickling.     Serms.,  1685,  1720. 
Grainger,  Edward.     Med.  and  Surg.  Remarks,  &c., 
Lon.,  ISIo,  8vo. 

Grainger,  James,  M.D.,  172.3 ?-1767,  a  native  of 
Dunse,  served  fur  some  time  as  a  surgeon  in  the  army  in 
Scotland  and  Germany;  afterwards  practised  as  a  phy- 
sician, first  in  London,  and  subsequently  at  St.  Christo- 
pher's, iu  the  West  Indies.  He  died  in  the  latter  place 
in  1767.  1.  Historia  Febris  Anomalai  Batava?,  annorum 
1746-47-48.  Ac,  Edin.,  1753,  8vo.  2.  Poet.  Trans,  of  the 
Elegies  of  Tiljullus  and  of  the  Poems  of  Sulpicia,  Lon., 
1758,  2  vols.  12mo.  Severely  criticized  by  Smcdlett  in  the 
Critical  Review.  This  criticism  elicited — 3.  A  Letter  to 
Smollett,  1759,  8vo.  4.  The  Sugar-Cane;  a  Poem  in  10 
Books,  with  Notes,  1764,  4to.  This  subject  was  not  the 
best  that  could  have  been  selected  for  poetical  treatment, 
and  the  language  is  not  always  of  the  most  elevated 
description  : 
"  la  the  West  Indies  this  poem  might  have  charms,  if  readers 


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could  be  found :  but  what  poetical  fancy  can  dwell  on  the  economy 
of  canes  and  copper-boilers,  or  find  interest  in  the  transactions  of 
plantei'S  and  sugar-brokers?  His  invocations  to  his  muse  are  so 
frequent  and  abrupt,  that  '  the  assembled  wits  at  Sir  Joshua  Rey- 
nolds's mi^ht  have  found  many  passages  as  ludicrous  as  that 
which  excited  their  mirth.'" 

The  "ludicrous  passage"  referred  to  is  quoted  in  the 
following  anecdote,  which  we  find  in  Boswell's  Life  of 
Johnson : 

'•Having  talked  of  Grainger's  Sugar-Cane,  I  mentioned  to  him 
Mr.  Langlon's  having  told  me  that  this  poem,  when  read  in  manu- 
script at  Sir  Joshua  Reynolds's,  had  made  all  the  assembled  wits 
burst  into  a  laugh  when,  after  much  blank  verse  pomp,  the  poet 
began  a  new  paragraph  thus: 

'Now,  Muse,  let's  sing  of  rats.* 
And  what  increased  the  ridicule  was,  that  one  of  the  company, 
who  slyly  overlooked  the  reader,  perceived  that  the  word  had  been 
originally  7hic«,  and  had  been  altered  to  rats,  as  more  dignified.'* 

But  this  story  requires  an  explanation,  for  which  the 
reader  is  referred  to  Boswell.     Miss  Reynolds  gives  rather 
a  different  version,  and  tells  us  that  when  Johnson  heard 
the  poem  read,  and  the  author  came  to  the  line 
"Say,  shall  I  sing  of  rats!"' 
*'No!"  cried  Dr.  Johnson,  with  great  vehemency. 
Boswell  remarks: 

"Dr.  Johnson  said  to  me,  'Percy,  Sir,  was  angry  with  me  for 
laughing  at  the  Sugar-Cane:  for  he  had  a  mind  to  make  a  great 
thing  of  Grainger's  rats.'" 

The  objectionable  line  was  altered.  Dr.  Johnson  cer- 
tainly liked  the  poem,  on  the  whole,  and  sent  a  favourable 
review  of  it  to  the  London  Chronicle  of  July  5,  1764.  We 
quote  some  other  opinions: 

''The  novelty  of  West  Indian  scenery  inspired  him  with  the 
unpromising  subject  of  the  Sugar-cane,  in  which  he  very  poetically 
dignifies  the  poor  negroes  with  the  name  of '  swains.^ " — CampbdVs 
Essay  on  English  Pontry. 

"  If  Grainger  has  invoked  the  muse  to  sing  of  rats,  and  meta- 
morphosed in  Arcadian  phrase  negro  slaves  into  swains,  the  Ciult 
is  in  the  writer,  not  iu  the  lyric.  The  arguments  which  he  has 
prefixed  are  indeed  ludicrously  flat  and  formal." — Robert  Southey  : 
L(m.  Quar.  Hev.,  x'l.  489,  q.  v. 

And  see  also  Johnson  and  Chalmers's  Poets,  1810  ;  Chal- 
mers's Biog.  Diet. 

The  Great  Cham  of  Literature  was  also  greatly  delighted 
with  Grainger's  Ode  on  Solitude,  which  appeared  in  Dods- 
ley's  Collection: 

''When  repeating  to  me  one  day  Grainger's  Ode  on  Solitude, 
I  shall  never  forget  the  concordance  of  the  sound  of  his  voice  with 
the  grandeur  of  these  images;  nor,  indeed,  the  Gothic  dignity  of 
his  aspect,  his  look  and  manner,  when  repeating  sublime  passages." 
— Miss  Reynolds. 

'■  Ue  praised  Grainger's  Ode  on  Solitude  in  Dodsley's  Collection, 
and  repeated,  with  great  energy,  the  exordiimjj  .  .  .  observing, 
'  This.  Sir,  is  very  noble.' " — Roswell. 

*■  In  it  (the  Ode)  are  assembled  some  of  the  sublimest  images  in 
nature." — Bisuop  Percy. 

5.  West  India  Diseases,  1764,  8vo.  6.  Dysentery;  in 
Ess.  Phys.  and  Lit,  1756.  Dr.  Grainger  was  also  the 
author  of  many  contributions  to  the  i\Ionthly  Review  and 
the  Grand  Magazine,  and  of  other  productions,  for  an  ac- 
count of  which,  and  for  an  interesting  biography  of  the 
author,  we  must  refer  the  reader  to  Nichols's  Illustrations 
of  Literary  History,  vol.  vii.  In  this  vol.  will  also  be 
found  the  correspondence  of  Grainger  with  his  friend 
Bishop  Percy,  who  commends  him  in  no  measured  terms: 
"  lie  was  not  only  a  man  of  genius  and  learning,  but  had  many 
excellent  virtues,  toeing  one  of  the  most  generous,  friendly,  and 
benevolent  men  I  ever  knew." 

Grainger,  T.  B.     See  Kennedy,  L. 
Grauau,  Edward.      Trans,  into  English  verse  of 
Vida's  Christiad,  Lon.,  1772,  8vo. 

Grand,  Wm.  A  Letter  to  the  Vice-Chancellor  of  the 
Univ.  of  Cambridge,  1793. 

Graudi,  S.  Method  of  preparing  pannels  for  Painters; 
Nic.  Juur.,  1S07. 

Grange,  Lady.  Epistle  to  Edward  D.,  Lon.,  179S,4to. 
Grange,  John.     The  Golden  Aphroditis:  whereunto 
bo  annexed  his  garden,  Lon.,  1577,  4to.     Again,  sine  anno, 
4to.     Part  verse,  part  prose. 

"  Of  John  Grange  I  have  not  met  with  any  biographical  intima- 
tion :  but  as  a  poetical  writer  he  is  placed  by  Webbe  with  AVhet- 
stone,  MuuJay,  Ac.,  and  not  without  propriety." — Censura  Lit^- 
raria,  ed.  1815,  i.  378-386,  where  see  copious  extracts;  see  also 
Webbe's  Discourse  of  English  Poetrie,  158G  ;  Kitson's  Bibl.  Poet., 
223. ^24. 

Granger,  Gideon,  1767-1822,  a  native  of  SuffieM. 
Connec,  a  member  of  the  Senate  of  New  York,  and 
Postmaster-General  of  the  U.  States  lSOl-14,  pub.  some 
essays,  under  the  signature  of  Senectus,  on  the  school- 
fund;  and  a  number  of  papers  in  1S09  (signed  Algernon 
Sidney)  and  iu  1820  (signed  Epaminondas)  in  favour  of 
the  administrations  respectively  of  President  Jefferson 
and  of  Governor  Clinton  of  New  York. 

Granger,  James,  d.  1776.  aged  about  60,  was 
educated   at   Christ  Churchy  Oxford,  and  became  Vicar 

717 


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of  Shiplake,  in  Oxfordshire.  lie  pub.  two  scrms.,  1772, 
'7.'^,  but  is  best  known  by  his  Biugruphical  Hist,  of 
Kngland.  from  E,i,'bert  the  Great  to  the  Revolution,  con- 
sisting of  Characters  dispersed  in  dit!"erent  Chtsses,  and 
adapted  to  a  Methodical  Catalogue  of  Engraved  British 
Heads.  Intended  as  an  Essay  towards  reducing  our  Bio- 
graphy to  system,  and  a  help  to  the  knowledge  of  Por- 
traits ;  with  a  variety  of  Anecdotes  and  Memoirs  of  a  great 
number  of  persons,  not  to  be  found  in  any  other  Biogra- 
phical Work.  AVith  a  Preface,  showing  the  utility  of  a 
collection  of  Engraved  Portraits  to  supply  the  defect,  and 
answer  the  various  purposes  ot"  Medals,  Lon.,  1709,  2  vols. 
4to.  Supplet.,  consisting  of  Corrections,  large  Additions, 
Ac,  1774,  4to ;  2d  ed.,  witli  addits.  and  improvements, 
1775,  4  vols.  8vo;  .3d  ed.,  4  vob.  8vu  ;  4th  ed.,  1S04,  4  vols. 
8vo;  5th  ed.  with  upwards  of  400  luMit.  Lives,  1S24,  fi  vols. 
8vo.  The  impressions  of  Granger's  Hist.,  pub.  by  Baynes, 
are  in  6  vols.  Svo,  £3  .3«. ;  with  Phxtcs,  £M  Ss.  j  6  vols.  r. 
8vo.  £4  10s.;  with  Plates,  £12  128.;  .3  vols,  fob,  £18; 
with  Plates,  Indin,  £;J1  10s.  To  Granger's  History  the 
collector  must  add — I.  Rev.  Mark  Noble's  continuation" 
of  Granger's  History  : — from  (he  Revolutinu  to  the  end 
of  George  I.'s  Reign.  The  Materials  being  supplied  by 
the  Manuscripts  left  by  Mr.  Granger  anrl  the  Collections 
of  the  Editor,  1806,  3  vols.  8vo.  II.  A  Collection  of  Eng- 
lish Portraits,  (310  in  number,)  engraved  from  rare  Prints 
or  Original  Pictures,  8vo,  pub.  by  Richardson.  The  late 
impressions  are  inferior.  Bindley,  Pt.  3,  1572,  72  Nos., 
£6  16s.  6(1  III.  Copies  of  Rare  Granger  Portraits,  in- 
cluding some  to  Noble's  Supplement,  1820-22,  Svo,  pub. 
by  T.  &  II.  Rodd,  in  Nos.  at  6.s.  each.  Large  paper,  4to, 
7«.  fif/.  each.  Proofs  in  India  paper,  12s.  each.  If  ho 
have  an  illustrated  copy,  he  will  not  need  the  two  pre- 
ceding works.  IV.  Letters  between  the  Rev.  James 
Granger  and  many  of  the  most  eminent  literary  men  of 
his  Time,  &c.,  1805,  Svo. 

As  Granger's  passion  for  portraits  has  been  but  little 
understood  by  some  readers,  it  is  but  just  to  quote  his 
own  words  in  his  vindication  : 

"  In  every  age  aud  nation  distinguished  for  arts  and  learning, 
the  inoliuationof  transmiltiuii  the  memory  and  eveu  the  features 
of  illustrious  persons  to  posterity  has  uniformly  prevailed.  The 
greatest  poets,  orators,  and  historians  were  contemporaries  with 
the  most  celebrated  painters,  statuaries,  and  engravers  of  gems 
and  medals;  and  the  desire  to  be  acquainted  with  a  man's  aspect 
has  ever  risen  in  proportion  to  the  known  excellence  of  his  cha- 
racter and  the  admiration  of  his  writings." 

The  publication  of  Granger's  work  excited  an  eager 
competition  for  portraits,  and  unfortunately  many  of  his 
disciples  carried  their  zeal  to  the  highly-censurable  ex- 
treme of  mutilating  valuable  works  for  the  sake  of  the 
portraits  which  they  contained : 

"Previciusly  to  the  pulilication  of  the  first  edition  of  this  work 
in  1769,  five  shillings  was  considered  a  liberal  price  by  collectors 
for  any  English  portrait:  and  the  late  Lord  Oxford,  ^ir  U  illiam 
Musgrave,  aud  Uiohard  Bull,  Esq.,  have  declared  to  several  per- 
sons still  living,  that  the  most  valuable  prints  in  their  Collections 
were  purchased  by  them  at,  or  under,  that  sum.  But  on  the  ap- 
pearance of  Mr.  Granger's  work,  the  rage  to  illustrate  it  with 
portraits  was  so  prevalent,  that  scarcely  a  copy  of  a  book  orna- 
mented with  portraits  could  be  found  in  an  unmutilated  state;  and 
books  of  this  description  rose  in  price  to  five  times  their  original 
value.  Holland's  '  Herologia,'  Anderson's  'Genealogical  History 
of  the  Houst-  of  Yvery.'  Dugdalu's  -Origines  Juridicales,'  Birch's 
*Lives  of  Illustrious  Persons,'  Collins's  'History  of  the  Noble 
Houses  of  Vere  aud  Cavendish,'  Rapiu's  and  Larrey's  '  History  of 
England,'  Smith's  '  History  of  Vjrgiuia,'  Clarke's  and  Lupton's 
'Lives  of  Eminent  Divines,'  Knight's  'Lives  of  Erasmus  aud 
Dean  CoU-t,'  and  all  works  of  a  similar  description,  have  been 
freely  plundered  for  the  sake  of  their  attractive  embellishments." 
— P/v/.  to  bth  ed.  nf  Grang,-fs  Biog.  Hist,  of  Extj. 

Rowo  Mores,  in  his  criticism  upon  Ames's  Catalogue 
of  English  Heads,  is  loud  in  his  complaint  of  these  muti- 
lators— often  depredators : 

*' If  this  ^Of((  for  prints  and  thieving  continues,  let  private 
owners  and  public  libraries  look  well  tu  their  books,  for  there  will 
not  remain  a  valuable  bonk  ungarbled  by  their  connoisseuring 
villauy ;  for  neither  honesty  nor  oaths  restrain  them." 

This  is  a  tempting  subject,  but  we  must  (ly  from  it.  We 
have  touched  upon  a  branch  of  this  illustrating  mania  in 
our  article  on  Bagfoied,  John.  The  literary  merit  of 
Granger's  History  ia  of  a  high  order: 

■*  danger's  Biographical  History  is  full  of  curious  anecdotes, 
but  might  have  been  better  done;  thj  dog  is  a  'Whig."— Da. 
Johnson. 

"  I  have,  since  I  saw  you,  read  every  word  of  Granger's  Biogr.i- 
pbical  Histoiy.  Tt  has  entertained  me  exceedingly,  and  I  do  not 
think  him  the  Wltig  that  you  supposed." — Bnswdt  to  Dr.  Johnson, 
Aug.  30, 177fi. 

It  is  a  curious  fact  that  this  remark,  to  "exceedingly," 

is   generally   quoted   as   Johnson's   instead  of  Boswell's. 

Even  Wright,  one   of  Boswell's  commentators,  commits 

this  serious  error. 

'•  I  ha IV  no  hesitation  in  def-ignatlng  it  as  a  delightful  and  In- 


structive book ;  but  whoever  republishes  it  should  add  the  por- 
traits of  the  different  characters  whi^-h  were  unknown  to  the 
n.uthor.  Considering  that  Granger  may  be  said  to  have  first  walked 
the  lield  alone,  it  is  surpii?ing  what  he  has  done.  His  catalogue 
of  enj:i  aved  heads  is  immense.  IHs  style  is  always  clear,  pointed, 
and  lively  :  and  if  he  tilked  and  preached  as  he  wrote  in  his  bin- 
graphir-;il  history,  it  would  have  bwn  diflicult  to  have  withdrawn 
attention  from  so  intelligent  a  quarter.''— />('.-/(«'&■  Lib.  Comp. 

See  Noble's  Continuation  of  Granger's  Hist.;  Nichols's 
Lit.  Anec. ;  Chalmers's  Biog.  Diet.,  and  authorities  there 
cited.  Respecting  Illustrated  Copies  of  books,  see  Dib- 
din's  Bibliomania,  ed.  1842,  500-511. 

In  our  article  on  Dibdin,  Thomas  Frognall,  we  have 
noticed  a  number  of  illustrated  copies  of  several  of  his 
works.  Among  the  most  splendid  examples  of  illustrated 
works  are— 1.  The  Shakspeare,  containing  more  than  2.300 
prints,  bound  in  20  vols.,  sold  at  Hanrott's  sale  for  £556 
10s.  2.  The  Shakspeare  in  the  possession  of  Earl  Spencer, 
illustrated  by  Lady  Lucan  ;  the  labour  of  sixteen  years. 
See  Dibdin's  Bibliomania,  ed.  1S42,  p.  498.  3.  The 
Bowyer  Bible,  in  45  folio  vols.,  with  more  than  6000  prints, 
valued  at  3000  guineas  ;  put  up  to  raffle  among  4000  sub- 
scribers  at  a  guinea  each,  and  sold  by  the  winner  at 
auction  to  Mr.  Willis,  of  Covent  Garden,  for  £405.  It 
subsequently  became  the  property  of  Mr.  John  Albinsou, 
of  Bolton,  and  was  sold  at  the  sale  of  his  library,  March, 
1856.  to  Mr.  Robert  Heywood,  of  Bolton,  for  £550.  4.  The 
copy  of  Clarendon's  Rebellion,  illustrated  by  Alexander 
Hendras  Sutherland,  at  an  expense  of  nearly  £10,000. 
To  add  to  the  wealth  of  this  copy,  Mrs.  Sutherland  paid 
eighty  guineas  for  one  plate,  containing  the  portraits  of 
James  I.  and  his  Queen,  Anne  of  Denmark,  by  Renold 
Elstrake.  5.  The  copy  of  Lcfevre's  edit,  of  Voltaire's 
works,  1829-34,  90  vols.  8vo ;  sold  in  Paris,  in  1856,  for 
£223;  estimated  worth.  £S00.  Tlie  illustniti<in  of  the 
works  of  this  mischievous  writer  and  bad  man  cost  the 
labour  of  twenty  years  j  12,000  engravings,  of  which 
10,000  are  portraits,  are  inserted.  Of  Granger's  own 
work,  we  observe  that  Mr.  Joseph  Lilly  and  Mr.  George 
Willis,  of  London,  have  each  on  hand  at  this  moment 
(1856)  a  magnificent  illustrated  copy.  Mr.  Lilly's  copy 
{which  includes  Noble's  continuatiun)  is  illustrated  by 
more  than  1300  portraits,  bound  in  27  vols.  imp.  4tn, 
price  £42.  Mr.  Willis's  copy  contains  more  than  3000 
portraits,  bound  in  19  vols,  fob,  price  £38  lOs.  It  cost 
the  fnrmer  owner  nearly  £200.  But  we  cannot  regard  a 
volume  of  this  character  without  pain,  nut  that  we  love 
portraits  less,  but  books  more:  and  how  many  noble  tomes 
have  been  pillaged  to  add  to  the  ill-gotten  gains  of  "Il- 
lustrated Copies!" 

Granger,  Joseph.  Agricult.  of  the  County  of  Dur- 
ham, &c.,  Lon.,  1794,  4to,  pp.  74. 

"At  the  time  of  its  publication  reckoned  a  good  performance. 
Mr.  Granger  wrote  very  truly  ou  the  subject."— i^onoWson's  Agri- 
cidt.  Biog. 

Granger,  T.  C,  l.Collec.  of  Statutes:  see  Evans, 
Wm.  David.  2.  Sir  T.  E.  Tomlin's  Law  Dictionary,  4th 
ed.,  1835,  2  vols.  4to.  3.  H.  Roscoe"s  Law  of  Evid.  in 
Crira.  Cases,  3d  ed.,  1846,  r.  12mo.  4.  In  conjunction 
with  J.  Manning.  Cases  in  Ct.  of  C.  Pleas,  1840-44, 
7  vols.  r.  Svo,  1841-46.  In  conjunction  with  J.  Manning 
and  J.  Scott,  Common  Bench  Reports,  1845-51,  8  vols. 
r.  8vo.     Regularly  continued. 

Granger,  Thomas.  1.  Expos,  of  the  Ten  Command- 
ments,  Lon.,  1616,  8vo.  2.  Divine  Logick,  1620,  4to.  3. 
Serm.,  1620,  Svo.  4.  Expos,  on  Comment,  on  Eccleeiastes, 
1621,  4to. 

Grant.     Serms.,  1780.  6  vols.  12mo. 

Grant,  Mrs.,  of  Croydon.  1.  Sketches  of  Life  and 
Manners,  12mo.     2.  Tales  founded  on  Facts,  12mo. 

'■ThereareFour  Tales  in  this  little  volume — viz.  Ellen— Glencoe 
— the  Captive — and  thu  .\uthnr.  They  are  naturally  and  pleasiujilv 
written,  without  much  effort  at  style,  and  what  we  miirht  find  to 
censure  on  the  score  of  carelessness  in  some  parts  is  amply  com- 
pensated by  the  sound  moral  of  the  whole,  which  recommends  the 
book  as  exceedingly  proper  for  youth."— ion.  Lilerarg  Gazette. 

Grant,  A.     Modern  Attorney:  2ded.,  Lon.",  1795,  Svo. 

Grant,  Alex.     Use  of  Opium,  Lon.,  1785. 

Grant,  Alex.,  D.D.  Scrms.,  Dundee,  1800-05,  3  vols. 
Svo;  1806,  3  vols.  Svo. 

Grant,  Sir  Alexander.  The  Ethics  of  Aristotle, 
Lon.,  1857-58,  2  vols.  Svo. 

Grant,  AndrcAV,  M.D.  Hist,  of  Brazil,  Lon.,  1809- 
10,  Svo. 

Grant,  Mrs.  Anne,  1755-1838,  known  as  Mrs.  Grant 
of  Laggan,  was  a  native  of  Glasgow,  and  the  daughter  of 
Duncan  MacVicar,  an  officer  in  (he  British  army.  The 
latter  was  ordered  to  America  in  1757,  and  was  followed 
by  his  wife  and  child  in  the  next  year.  When  ahout  eight 
years  of  age  she  became  acquainted  with  "  Madame  Schuy- 


GRA 

ler."  of  Albany,  the  widow  of  Colonel  Philip  Schuyler, 
and  aunt  to  the  distinguished  general  of  that  name,  aud 
enjoyed  the  advantages  of  her  society  for  the  remaining 
four  years  which  she  spent  in  America.  The  gratitude 
of  the  child  has  been  vividly  recorded  in  the  portrait  of 
Mrs.  Schuyler,  entitled  Memoirs  of  an  American  Lady, 
pub.  in  1808. 

In  1768,  at  the  age  of  13,  Anne  returned  with  her  parents 
to  Scotland,  and  in  1779  was  married  to  the  Kev.  James 
Grant,  minister  of  the  parish  of  Lngi^an,  Invernesshire, 
who  in  1801  left  her  a  widow  with  eight  children.  After 
the  death  of  her  husband  she  resided  for  some  time  on  a, 
small  farm  near  Laggan.  subsequently  in  tho  vicinity  of 
Stirling,  and  in  1810  removed  to  Edinburgh,  where  she 
remained  until  hor  death  in  1838,  at  tho  ago  of  83.  She 
enjoyed  the  friendship  of  Bishop  Pnrteus,  Sir  Walter  Far- 
quhar,  Sir  William  Grant,  and  Sir  Walter  Scott,  by  whose 
hand  the  memorial  was  drawn  up  wliieh  jjrucured  her  a 
pension  of  £100  from  the  year  1826  until  her  death. 

1.  The  Highlanders,  and  other  Poems,  Ediu.,  1803,  8vo. 
3000  copies  subscribed  for.     Repub.,  1804,  8vo. 

"  Her  Poetry  is  reiilly  not  very  good;  and  lli*-  trn'>;t  ffdinup,  and 
certainly  the  least  poetical,  volume  which  shr  has  iii'-iiii<-id,  is  that 
which  contains  her  verses.  The  longest  jiii-ii'.— whi^h  shr-  hiis 
entitled  The  Highlanders, — is  heavy  aud  uniutercstin"  ;  auA  there 
is  a  want  of  compression  and  finish — a  sort  of  Infisr  i.-niiiiliii-.  and 
indigested  air — in  most  of  the  others.  Vet  the  ulnl.  r.ii.  ri  mn  is 
enlivened  with  the  spjirklings  of  a  prolific  fancy,  aud  tiLsplays  great 
command  of  language  and  facility  of  versification.  When  we  write 
our  article  upon  unsuccessful  poetry,  we  shall  endeavour  to  explain 
how  these  iiualities  may  fail  of  success: — hut  in  the  mean  time, 
we  think  thu're  is  an  elegy  upon  an  humble  irieud.  and  au  address 
from  a  fountain,  and  two  or  three  little  pieces,  which  very  fully 
deserve  it; — and  are  written  with  gi-eat  beauty,  tenderness,  aud 
delicacy." — Lord  Jeffrey:  Edin.  Itev.,  xviii.  481-48*2. 

"Mrs. Grant  in  her  Highlanders  and  other  Poems  respectably 
assisted  in  sustaining  the  honours  of  the  Scottish  muse." — D.  M. 
Moir:  SIcetchcs  nf  the  Poet.  Lit.  nf  the  Past  Ilalf-O'ntury. 

2.  Letters  from  the  Mountains;  being  her  Corresp.  with 
her  Friends,  1773-1S03,  Lon.,  1806;  6th  ed.,  edited,  with 
Notes  and  Additions,  by  her  son,  J.  P.  Grant,  1S45,  2  vols. 
p.  8vo;  1845,  2  vols.  24mo;  7th  ed.,  1863,  3  vols.  p.  Svo. 

"  No  person,  1  believe,  was  so  astonished  at  their  success  as  my- 
self.'"— JIrs.  Grant. 

*'  Her  Letters  from  the  Mountains,  nof  withstanding  the  repulsive 
affectation  of  the  title,  are  among  the  most  inteivsting  collections 
of  real  letters  that  have  lately  been  given  to  the  public;  and,  being 
indebted  for  no  part  of  their  interest  to  the  celebrity  of  the  names 
tbey  contain  or  the  importance  of  the  events  thfy  narrate,  afford, 
in  their  success,  a  more  honourable  testimony  of  the  t;ilents  of  the 
author.  The  great  charm  of  the  correspondence,  indeed,  is  its  per- 
fect independence  on  artificial  helps,  and  theair  of  fearlessness  and 
originality  whith  it.  has  consequently  assumed.'' — Lord  Jeffrey  : 
Edin.  Bev.,  xviii.  4SiJ. 

"The  eng.iging  volatility  of  youth  apparent  in  the  early  part  of 
the  correspondence,  and  the  good  sense  of  more  ripened  years,  are 
hero  equally  pleasing.  The  sentiments  of  the  author  when  occu- 
pying the  various  relative  situations  of  a  daughter,  wife,  mother, 
and  protegee,  are  truly  praiseworthy;  while  the  display  of  a  warm 
and  lively  imagination,  correct  and  animated  language,  and  strokes 
of  real  genius,  with  which  the  letters  abound,  present  still  further 
title  to  our  approbation.*' — Lon.  Monthly  Itrvitiv. 

It  is  not  surprising  that  Mrs.  Grant  is  sometimes  inac- 
curate in  her  statements,  and  we  observe  in  a  work  just 
published  the  following  criticism  upon  hor  account  of  the 
Massacre  of  Glencoe  : 

"I  quote  Mrs.  Grant's  authority  only  for  what  she  herself  beard 
and  saw.  Her  account  of  the  massacre  was  writbm  apparently 
without  the  assistance  of  books,  and  is  grossly  iucorrect.  Indeed 
she  makes  a  mistake  of  two  years  as  to  the  date.'" — T.  B.  Macau- 
lay's  Hist,  of  Kvg.,  vol.  iv..  1856. 

3.  Memoirs  of  an  American  Lady;  with  Sketches  of 
Manner.'!  and  Scenery  in  America,  as  they  existed  previous 
to  the  Revolution,  1808,  2  voL*.  12mo ;  2d  ed.,  1809;  N. 
York,  1809.  The  "American  Lady"  is  Mr.s.  Schuyler, 
(see  ante;)  but  we  have  also  the  autobiography  of  the  au- 
thor's Ameriean  life,  and  much  other  interesting  matter. 

''  The  Memoirs  of  an  American  Lady  contains  a  very  animated 
picture  of  that  sort  of  simple,  tranquil,  patriarchal  life,  which  was 
common  enough  within  these  hundred  years  in  the  central  parts 
of  England;  but  of  which  we  are  rather  inclined  to  thiuk  there  is 
no  specimen  left  in  the  world; — and  which  is  rendered  more  inte- 
resting in  the  present  striking  memorial,  by  the  contrast  of  its 
sober  and  regulated  tennrwith  the  wildnessofa  srttl'-nieut  in  the 
de-sert,  and  its  combination  with  some  peculiariticfl  in  the  structure 
of  society  derived  from  the  adopted  usages  of  Switzerland  and  Ger- 
many."— Lord  Jeffrey;  Edin.  Ret\,  xviii.  482. 

"  The  character  of  the  Lady,  her  way  of  keeping  house  on  a  large 
scale,  the  state  of  the  domestic  slaves,  the  customs  of  the  young 
men  of  Albany,  their  practice  of  robbing  one  another  in  joke,  ic, 
are  novel  and  curious." 

"Exceedingly  instructive  concerning  the  manners  and  customs 
which  prevailed  in  New  York  Colony  at  the  close  of  the  Eighteenth 
Century."— Wm.  H.  Seward,  (lati  Governor  of  JVew  lark:}  Preface 
to  Nat.  Hist,  of  Ni^w  I'orh: 

"A  faithful  narrative  of  the  manner  and  modes  of  life  of  the 
anti-revolutionary  residents  of  Albany  chiefly." — PRES.  Cn.^RLfcS 
E£lNO. 


GRA 

"  On  the  basis  of  her  very  youthful  recollcctionfi,  affected,  with- 
out doubt,  bv  the  imaginations  and  prejudices  of  after-years,  she 
constructed  this  work  at  the  age  of  fifty-two.  It  is  not  without 
interest,  as  m.iy  appear  by  the  references  which  we  have  made  to 
it;  but  no  one  will  suppose  that  it  can  make  much  pretension  to 
accuracy." — Andrews  Norton:  iV.  ^tmcr. -ffcr.,  Ix.  146;  where  see 
an  account  of  Miss  Lowell's  remonstrances  with  Mrs.  Grant  respect- 
ing the  injustice  charged  upon  the  Memoirs  of  the  latter. 

4.  Essays  on  the  Superstitions  of  the  Highlanders  of 
Scotland.  To  which  are  added  Translations  from  the 
Gaelic,  and  Letters  connected  with  those  formerly  pub- 
lished, 1811,  2  vols.  12rao. 

"She  has  very  great  powers  nf  description,  both  of  character  and 
scenery — much  force  of  conception,  acuteness,  and  re.tch  of  mind 
in  reasoning— great  occasional  brightness,  and  perpetual  activity 
of  fancy,— aud  a  fine  enthusiasm  for  virtue,  simplicity,— and  tliu 
Highlands.  .  .  .  Though  it  be  dittlcult,  hnwever,  to  keep  pace  with 
her  enthusiasm  in  behalf  of  this  siii-rnlar  race,  we  agree  perfectly 
in  her  censure  of  the  incurious  indilierence  with  which  they  have 
been  hitherto  regarded  by  the  very  siiuie  philosophers  who  think 
themselves  well  employed  in  collecting  uncertain  notices  of  far  less 
interesting  and  less  accessible  nations. . .  .  The  Letters  annexed  to 
these  Essays  are.  like  all  Mrs.Gr.ant's  letters,  lively,  impressive, 
and  original;  though  sometimes  in  bad  taste,  and  generally  ver- 
bose. For  the  benefit  of  those  who  have  not  seen  her  former  col- 
lection, we  annex  a  few  specimens.  .  .  .  This,  to  be  sure,  is  not  ex- 
actly the  style  of  Madame  du  DelTand;— and  yet  there  are  very 
many  people  Avho  will  like  it  quite  as  well.  And  even  those  who 
would  be  most  scandalized  at  the  comparison  must  confess,  that 
it  indicates  a  far  loftier,  a  far  purer,  and  a  far  happier  character, 
than  that  of  the  witty  lady  with  whose  it  may  be  contrasted."— 
Lord  Jeffrey:  Eiln.  Rev.,  xviii.  4S2-4S3,  507,  510. 

5.  Eighteen  Hundred  and  Thirteen  ;  a  Poem,  1814,  8vo. 
6.  Memoir  and  Correspondence  of  Mrs.  Grant  of  Laggan, 
1844,  3  vols.  p.  Svo;  2d  ed.,  1845,  3  vols.  p.  Svo;  3d  ed.. 
18.'J3,  2  vols.  p.  Svo.  These  vols,  consist  of  a  sketch  of 
Mrs.  Grant's  life,  drawn  up  by  herself,  (in  1825,  .tc.,)  to  tho 
year  180(>,  and  continued  by  her  son,  and  of  her  letters 
between  1803 — when  she  left  Laggan  for  Wooden d — and 
within  a  few  months  of  her  death  in  1838.  Tho  following 
commendations  of  these  vols. — from  authorities  of  widely 
different  character — are  all  for  which  we  can  find  room  : 

"Most  of  Mrs. Grant's  letters  are  rich  in  moral  sentiment,  and 
all  are  pre-eminent  in  refined  social  feeling.  Her  style  of  writing 
is  so  pure,  and  her  modes  of  thinking  and  expressing  her.self  upon 
every  subject  so  true  to  nature,  that  no  one  of  correct  taste  can 
rise  from  the  perusal  of  her  letters  without  a  consciousness  of  real 
delight." — Lon.  Eoangdical  Magrizine. 

"Abounds  in  anecdotes  of  many  celebrated  persons,  well  told, 
novel,  and  full  of  interest.  Mrs.  tirant  discovers  an  astounding 
acuteness  of  intellect,  a  sagacity  of  discrimination,  and.  what  is 
better  still,  a  fervour  of  religious  feeling,  rarely  met  with  in  any 
collection  of  letters  in  the  whole  range  of  English  literature." — 
Oiurt  Journal. 

This  estimable  lady  was  as  great  a  favourite  in  tho 
social  circle  as  she  was  with  those  who  only  knew  her 
through  her  enchanting  volumes.  Dr.  Monro  gives  a 
graphic  account  of  the  pleasure  which  he  experienced  in 
her  company  at  an  evening  party  in  Edinburgh : 

"Mrs.  Grant  is  really  a  woman  of  great  talents  and  acquire- 
ments, and  might,  without  offence  to  any  one,  talk  upou  any 
subject  she  pleases.  But  I  assure  you  any  person  who  hopes  to 
meet  with  nbltie  stocldng,  in  the  ordinary  sense  of  this  term,  in 
thislady,  will  feel  sadly  disappointed.  .  .  .  The  snund  and  rational 
enjoyment  I  derived  from  my  conversation  with  this  excellent 
person  would  indeed  atone  for  much  more  than  all  the  blue  stock- 
ing sisterhood  have  ever  been  able  to  inflict  \ipon  my  patience." 

Mr.  Do  Quincey  accidentally  encountered  Mrs.  Grant 
and  her  beautiful  daughter  in  a  stage-coach,  in  1808.  The 
charms  of  the  daughter  of  course  were  not  lost  upon  the 
enthusiastic  temperament  of  tho  Opium-Eater;  but  tho 
conversation  of  the  mother  seems  to  have  impressed  him 
more  deeply.  In  a  review  of  his  life,  written  many  years 
later,  he  tells  us,  with  much  feeling: 

"Her  kindness  to  me  was  particularly  flattering;  and  to  this 
day  I  retain  the  impression  of  the  benignity  which  she — an  esta- 
blished wit.  and  just  then  receiving  incense  from  all  quarters — 
showed  in  lier  manners  to  me — a  person  utterly  unknown." — Lilc- 
vary  Rniiiniscr.ncis. 

Undoubtedly  the  writings  of  Mrs.  Grant  did  much  to 
awaken  that  taste  for  Scotland  and  its  scenery,  its  tradi- 
tions and  its  superstitions,  which  was  at  once  stimulated 
and  gratified  by  the  poems,  the  novels,  and  the  histories, 
of  the  author  of  Waverley.  Thau  his  there  can  bo  no 
higher  commendation;  and  we  are  glad  to  be  able  to  add 
it  to  the  many  tributes  which  have  been  offered  to  tho  emi- 
nent merits  of  Anne  Grant  of  Laggan: 

"  Her  writings,  deservedly  popular  in  her  own  country,  derive 
their  success  from  the  happy  manner  in  which,  addressing  them- 
selves to  the  national  pride  of  the  Scottish  people,  they  breathe  a 
spirit  at  once  of  patriotism  and  of  that  candour  which  renders 
patriotism  unselfish  and  liberal.  We  h.ive  no  hesitation  in  assert- 
ing our  belief  that  Mrs.  Gi'ant's  writings  have  produced  a  strong 
and  salutary  effect  upon  her  countrymen,  who  not  only  found  re- 
corded in  (hem  much  of  national  history  and  antiquities  which 
would  otherwise  have  been  forgotten,  but  found  them  combined 
with  the  soundest  and  the  best  lessons  of  virtue  and  morality." 

Such  is  a  brief  extract  from  the  application  to  King 

719 


GRA 


George  TV.  for  a  pension  to  Mrs.  Grant,  written  by  Sir 
AViiUer  Scott,  and  figned  by  himself.  Lord  Jeffrey,  Henry 
Mackenzie,  and  other  gentlemen.  We  have  seen  that  it 
was  successful.  In  addition  to  the  Memoirs  above  referred 
to,  the  reader  will  find  much  of  interest  relating  to  this 
excellent  and  accomplished  woman  in  Mrs.  Elwood's  Lite- 
rary Ladies  of  England,  and  in  a  biogr.nphical  article  in 
N.  Amer.  Rev., Ix.  1  26-156,  by  Andrews  Norton.  See  also 
Lon.  Gent.  Mag. ;  Eraser's  Mag.;  the  Eclectic  Review; 
and  Loekhart's  Life  of  Seott.  ^ 

Grant,  Anthony,  D.C.L.,  Archdeacon  of  St.  Albans. 
The  Past  and  Prospective  Extension  of  the  Gospel  by 
Missions  to  the  Heathen,  considered  in  Eight  Lects.,  at 
the  Hampton  Lecture,  Lon.,  1844,  8vo. 

Grant,  Asahf^I,  M.D.,  late  Missionary  to  the  Amer. 

Board  of  For.  Missions.     The  Nestorians;  or.  The  Lost 

Tribes  :  containing  evidence  of  their  identity,  illustrations 

of  Scripture,  Prophecy,  &c..  Lon.,  1841,  8vo ;  Sd  ed.,  1844. 

■'Carinas  intmavMan:'—/licl.-ersMirs  C.  S. 

"An  important  accession  to  our  stores  of  ceographical  know- 
ledue-  and  we  hope  it  will  receive,  what  it  richly  deserves,  an  ex- 
tensive ciionl.ition  and  an  attentive  perusal."— CVi.o/  Eng.  IJuar. 

"  Much  curious  and  interesting  information."— ioji.  Athenaum. 
Also  highly  commended  by  the  Church  and  State  Ga- 
zette, The  British  Quarterly,  and  other  leading  reviews. 
The  reader  must  also  procure  Rev.  A.  C.  Lathrop's  Me- 
moir of  Dr.  Grant,  pub.  iu  N.  York,  and  Rev.  Thos.  Lau- 
rie's (surviving  associate  of  the  Mission)  account  of  Dr. 
Grant  and  the  Mountain  Nestorians,  Bost.,  1853.  12mo; 
3d  od.,  revised,  1856, 12mo.  The  map  in  this  work  of  the 
Nestorian  country  we  presume  to  be  the  most  correct  in 
existence. 

Grant,  Charles.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1795,  4to. 
Grant,  Charles,  Viscount  de  Vaux.     1.  Memoires  de 
la  Maison  de  Grant,  Lon.,  1796,  Svo.     2.  The  Hist,  of  Mau- 
ritius, or  the  Isle  of  France,  1801,  4to. 

"This  work  is  drawn  principally  from  the  memoirs  of  Baron 
Grant,  by  his  son.  The  Baron  resided  nearly  twenty  ye.irs  in  the 
island :  hence,  and  from  his  acqu.iintance  with  most  of  the  sci- 
entific and  nautical  men  who  visited  the  island,  he  has  been 
enabled  to  collect  much  information  connected  with  its  physical 
state,  its  harbours,  climate,  soil,  productions,  and  the  manners  of 
its  inhabitants."' — Stevenson's  Voyages  and  Travels, 
Other  publications. 

Grant,  Charles.  A  Poem  on  the  Restoration  of 
Learning  in  the  East,  Camb.,  1805,  4to.  This  obtained 
Mr.  Buchanan's  prize. 

Grant,  Charles,  1746-1823,  an  East  Indian  proprie- 
tor and  director,  noted  for  his  zeal  in  the  furtherance  of 
Christianity  and  education  in  India.  Observations  on  the 
State  of  Society  among  the  Asiatic  subjects  of  Great  Bri- 
tain. Printed  by  the  House  of  Commons  in  1S13. 
Grant,  D.  Serms.,  Ac,  Lon.,  1771-86. 
Grant,  David,  M.D.  Med.  Ac.  works,  1801,  '05,  '07, 
all  8vo. 

Grant,  David.     Beauties  of  Modern  English  Poetry; 
3d  ed.,  Lon..  1848,  12mo ;  5th  cd.,  enlargeil. 
"  A  book  of  uiuih  utility." — ^faore's  Life  of  Btjron. 
Grant,  Duncan,  minister  of  Forbes.     The  Duty  of 
the  Young  to  Love  and  Seek  Christ,  Edin.,  32mo.     Highly 
commended 


GRA 

2.  Practice  in  Chancery;  6th  ed.,  1845,  2  vols.  12mo. 
"A  very  useful  manual  to  the  Equity  practitioner."— tVarren's 
Lam  Stu..  928. 

i.-Ques.  and  Answers  on  above,  1839,  12mo. 
Grant,  J.,  M.D.     Yellow  Fever,  Lon.,  1805,  Svo. 
Grant,  James.     Serms.,  1775,  '77,  both  Svo. 
Grant,  James,  of  Corrimony.     1.  Essays  on  the  Ori- 
gin of  Society,  Language,  Ac,  Lon.,  1785,  4to.  2.  Thoughts 
on  the  Origin  and  Descent  of  the  Gael,  1813,  Svo.     Edin., 
1814.  Svo. 

Grant,  James.  An  Enquiry  into  the  Nature  of  Ze- 
mindary  Tenures  in  the  Landed  Property  of  Bengal,  Ac, 
Lon.,  1790,  '91,  4to. 

"  Again.st  the  proprietary  rights  of  the  Zemindars."— JfcM!«cA's 
Lit.  nf  I'alit.  Earn. 

Grant,  James,  R.  N.  Voyage  in  the  Lady  Nelson, 
Lon.,  1803,  4to.  Prefixed  is  an  Account  of  the  Origin  of 
Sliding  Keels  and  their  advantages. 

Grant,  James,  editor  of  the  London  Morning  Adver- 
tiser, b.  in  Scotland  about  180B,  has  pub.  a  num.ber  of  in- 
structive and  popular  works,  of  which  the  following  are 
among    the    bost   known:— 1.  R.andom    RecoUec.   of  the 
House  of  Lords,  1830-36,  Lon.,  1836,  p.  Svo.     2.  Of  the 
House  of  Commons,  1836,  p.  Svo.     3.  The  British  Senate 
in  1838;  a  2d  Series  of  Nos.  1  and  2,  1838,  2  vols.  p.  Svo. 
"  The  extraordin.iry  success  of  the  Random  Recollections  of  the 
Lords  and  Commous  h:rs  naturally  enough  led  to  this  publication, 
which  is  executed  with  equal  ability." — Lem.  Athenaeum. 
4.  The  Great  Metropolis,  1836,  2  vols.  p.  Svo._ 
"  There  is  a  coarseness  and  vulgarity  in  its  style  which  is  repul- 
sive.    No  strength;  no  divinity;  no  grace:  no  refinement.    In  a 
word,  the  book  has  very  bad  manners."— U.  W.  LoNorELLOW:  N. 
A.  JteiK.  xliv.  461-4S4,  q.  v. 

6.  The  Great  Metropolis ;  2d  Series,  1837,  2  vols.  p.  Svo. 
"  The  author  displays  so  much  shrewdness,  natural  humour, 
and  such  a  vein  of  good-n.itured  caricature,  that  we  hope  soon  to 
meet  with  him  again." — Edin.  Jiev. 

6.  The  Bench  and  the  Bar,  1837,  2  vols.  p.  Svo. 
"  In  these  volumes,  as  in  a  mirror,  the  reader  may  obtain  a 

glance  at  the  leading  leg:d  luminaries  of  the  day." — Lnn.  Sun. 

7.  Travels  in  Town,  1S39,  2  vols.  p.  Svo.  S.  Sketches 
in  Loudon,  1838,  Svo. 

"Many  people  wonder  .at  the  love  of  London.— Why  so?  It  is 
certainly  the  best  summer  residence — none  other  is  so  cool.  The 
best  abode  in  winter — for  none  other  is  so  warm.  The  rich  prefer 
it  for  cimtaining  every  luxury  ;  and  the  pool-— where  can  money 
be  made  to  go  so  far?"— Sir  F.  B.  Head. 

9.  The  Metropolitan  Pulpit ;  or,  Sketches  of  the  most 
Popular  Preachers  in  London,  1839,  2  vols.  p.  Svo.  The 
following  are  the  principal  preachers  noticed  in  these 
agreeable  volumes  : — The  late  Rev.  Dr.  Waugh,  the  late 
Rev.  Matthew  Wilks,  the  late  Rev.  Wm.  Howels,  the  late 
Rev.  Rowland  Hill,  the  late  Rev.  Edward  Irving,  the  Rev. 
Thomas  Snow,  the  Rev.  John  T.  Robinson,  the  Rev.  Dr. 
Croly,  the  Rev.  J.  F.  Denham,  the  Rev.  Hobart  M.  Sey- 
mour, the  Rev.  Watts  Wilkinson,  the  Rev.  Sanderson  Ro- 
bins, the  Rev.  Dr.  Dillon,  the  Rev.  H.  Beamish,  the  Rev. 
Henry  Melville,  the  Rev.  J.  T.  Judkin,  the  Hon.  and  Rev. 
Baptist  Noel,  the  Rev.  Thomas  Mortimer,  the  Rev.  J. 
Hambleton,  the  Rev.  Dr.  Brown,  the  Rev.  Jno.  Cumming, 
the  Rev.  Dr.  Crombie.  the  Rev.  R.  Redpath,  the  Rev. 
Thomas  Archer,  the  Kev.  John  Young,  the  Rev.  Alexander 


Fletcher,  the   Rev.  Dr.  Morrison,  the  Rev.  Dr.  Leifchild, 

:;■, .'       r,  .    K-j  , 1    n  Ti    ^  ie.i\i   „,„;„„„t     the  Rev.  Dr.  Collyer,  the  Rev.  John  Burnet,  the  Rev.  Caleb 

*T'^»!'tA.°L«'.l";i»?,.*=„'!r;''.!*\^,^.;^;-±J,' «;Z,'rd  I  Morris,  the  Rev.'ja'nies   Sherman   the  Rev.  Dr.  Bennett, 

the  Rev.  Jno.  Clayton,  the  Rev.  Thomas  Binney.  the  Rev. 


for  his  learning,  was  educated  at  Westminster  School  and 
at  Christ  Church,  or  at  Broadgates  Hall,  Oxf. ;  Master  of 
Westminster  School,  1572-91  :  Preb.  of  Ely,  1689.  1.  Grffica 
Linguai  Spicilegium,  Lon.,  1675,  4to.  Epitomized  by  his 
usher  and  successor,  William  Camden,  under  the  title  of 
Institutio  Graeca  Grammaticcs  Conipendiara,  in  usum  Re- 
gis) Sehola)  Westmonasteriensis,  1597,  Svo.     See  Camden, 

William.  ,    „     „.      „  -i 

"Reprinted  about  one  hundred  times  since.'    See  Biog.  Brit., 
2254. 


"2.-Lettersand  Poems  of  Roger  Ascham,  with  Ora.io,Ac       '^^ -->!;:?  "^'^  ^S^whU:-! 
—a  piece  of  his  own,— lo/  7,  Svo.     3.  Lexicon  Giajco-Lat  -     ^^^.^  ^^^j,,^  ^^  ,jj,  ^^^^,.^f^  and  just;  or,  if 

num,  Jo.  Crispin!  Opera,  Ac,  opera  et  studio,  E.  G.,  (Ld-  -     .  

ward  Graham,)  1581,  fol.     See  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit. 

"Tbe  most  noted  Latiuist  and  Clrecian  of  his  time.  .  .  .  Esteemed 
a  most  noted  Latin  poet,  as  seveial  of  his  copies  of  verses,  printed 
ill  various  hooks,  shew,  and  was  well  skill'd  in  all  kind  of  humane 
literature."— jli/i"i.  Oxon.,  q.  V.  See  also  Biog.  Brit.;  Tanner; 
Bentham's  Elv. 

Grant,  Francis,  Lord  CuUen,  b.  about  1660,  d.  1726, 
an  emineut  Scotch  lawyer  and  .judge  under  Queen  Anne. 
1.  The  Loyalist's  Reasons,  Ac,  Edin.,  1689,  Svo.  2.  Law, 
Religion,  and  Education  considered,  in  three  Essays, 
1715,  Svo.  3.  A  Key  to  the  Plot,  by  Reflections  on  the 
Rebellion  of  1715,  1716,  Svo. 

Grant, Harding.  l.Advice  to  Trustees,Lon.,lS30,8vo. 

"A   usilul   litlle   work,   mainly   designed    for   unprofessional 
readers."     See  2  Leg.  Obs.,  lUS. 
720 


Jno.  Blackburn,  the  Rev.  Dr.  Andrew  Reed,  the  Rev.  Dr. 
Fletcher,  the  Rev.  Jno.  Stevens,  the  Rev.  C.  Coomb,  the 
Rev.  Wm.  Overburv,  the  Rev.  J.  Harrington  Evans,  the 
Rev.  Edw.  Steane,  the  Rev.  C.  Stovel,  the  Rev.  J.  Howard 
Hinton,  the  Rev.  Dr.  F.  A.  Cox,  the  Rev.  Dr.  Jahez  Bunt- 
ing, the  Rev.  Thomas  Jackson,  the  Rev.  Roht.  Aitkin,  the 
Rev.  J.  Abrahams,  and  the  Rev.  J.  Dorman. 

We  think  that  Mr. Grant  has  surpassed  any  of  his  former 
care,  and  iodustry,  in  the  getting  up 
manifested  tbe  most  sin- 
there  be  a  leaning,  it  is 
never  but  to  the  favourable  side.     Above  all,  the  re.lder  cannot 
fail  to  perceive  and  fall  in  with  the  earnest  sentiments  of  the 
author  and  the  strain  of  piety  which  pervades  the  entire  work."- 
Lon.  Month.  Bev. 

Grant,  James,  of  the  Middle  Temple,  Barrister-at- 

Law.     Law  of  Corporations  in  General,  Lon.,  1850,  r.  Svo. 

"  The  best  treatise  on  Corporation  Law." — L<m.  Law  /("cr. 

"  Wo  thiuli  the  arrangement  happy.    Another  feature  in  Mr. 

Grant's  hook  is  the  honesty  with  which  it  has  been  compiled."— 

Lon.  Law  Mat/.  „ 

"  Vast  research  and  diligence  are  displayed  in  the  execution.  — 
Lo7t.  'J'imcs. 

Grant,  James,  R.  A.,  b.  1822,  at  Edinburgh,  a  son 
of  Ciipt.  Jcdin  Grant,  has  gained  considerable  celebrity 
by  a  number  of  popular  works.  1.  Tbe  Romance  of 
War,  or  Highlanders  in  Spain,  vols,  i.,  ii.,  iii.,  p.  Svo,  1848 ; 


GRA 


GRA 


T.1.  iv.,  1847,  p.  Svo;  2(1  e.L.  IS  18.  4  vols,  in  2.  2.  Adven- 
tures of  an  Aide-de-Cjiiup,  1848,  3  vols.  p.  Svo.  3.  Me- 
moirs of  Sir  Win.  Kirkuldy  of  (Jrange,  1849,  p.  Svo. 

"It  is  very  srldoiii  indwii  Ibat  we  tintl  history  so  written, — in 
a  style  at  once  vigorous,  perspicuous,  and  picturesque." — Black- 
wood's  Mag. 

4.  Walter  Fen  ton  ;  or.  The  Scottish  Cavalier,  3  vols.  p. 
8vo.  5.  Memorials  of  Edinburgh  Castle  ;  illustrated,  1850, 
p.  Svo. 

"Mr.  Grant's  very  interesting  history  of  the  Cttstle  of  Edin- 
burgh.— a  work  equally  distinguished  by  research,  accuracy,  and 
pictorial  interest." — Sir  Archibald  Alison''s  Essays. 

6.  Bothwell ;  or,  the  Days  of  Mary  Queen  of  Scots* 
1851,  3  vols.  p.  Svo.  7.  Memoirs  of  Sir  John  Hepburn, 
lS51,p.  Svo.  8.  Jano  Seton,  1853,  2  vols.  p.  Svo.  9.  Philip 
Rollo,  1854,  2  vols.  p.  Svo.  Cheap  eds.  of  several  of  these 
works  have  been  pub.  Of  that  of  Bothwell,  10,000  copies 
were  sold  in  a  month.  Mr.  G.  has  been  a  contributor  to 
the  Dublin  Univ.  Mag.  and  to  Tait's  Mag.  See  Men  of 
the  Time,  Lon..  1856. 

Grant,  James  I>I.,  of  Lincoln's  Inn.  Custom's  Fal- 
lacy ;  a  Dram.  Sketch,  1805,  Svo. 

Grant,  Jeremiah.  His  Peregrinations,  Lon.,  1763, 
12mo. 

Grant,  John,  Preb.of  Roches.    Serms., Loii.,1707, 4to. 

Grant,  John.  Institutes  of  Latin  Grammar,  Lon., 
1808,  Svo. 

'*  These  Institutes  display  considerable  ability,  great  diligence, 
and  philosophical  insight  into  the  structure  of  language." — Lon. 
Month.  Rev. 

Mr.  G.  also  pub.  an  Eng.  Gram.,  Serms.,  Ac.,  1811-15. 

Grant,  John.     Sierra  Leone,  1810,  Svo. 

Grant,  John  Peter.  1.  Ct.  of  Session  in  Scot.,  Lon., 
1807,  8vo.  2.  Wealth  and  Currency,  1812,  Svo.  3.  Speech, 
1817.     4.  Law  rel.  to  New  Trials,  1817,  Svo. 

Grant,  Johnson,  1773-1S45,  a  native  of  Edinburgh  ; 
Rector  of  Binbronk,  181S  ;  Minister  of  Kentish  Town 
Chapel,  1822.  He  pub.  several  theolog.  and  poetical 
works,  among  which  arc — 1.  A  Summary  of  the  Ilist.  of 
the  Eng.  Church,  and  the  Sects  which  have  departed  from 
her  communion,  with  answers  to  each  dissenting  body, 
Ac,  Lon.,  1811,  '14,  '20,  '25.  4  vols.  Svo.  2.  Arabia;  a 
Poem,  with  Notes,  Leeds,  1815,  2  vols.  12mo.  3.  XXXIV. 
Serms.,  1835,  Svo. 

"  These  sermons  are  well  suited  to  the  closet,  and  are  good  spe- 
cimens of  composition." — Lon.  Chris.  Jicmnnb. 

4.  The  Jobhuad  ;  a  Poem,  Lon.,  1S37,  Svo.  Anon. ;  not 
pub.     5.  Sketches  in  Divinity,  1840,  Svo. 

Grant,  Klein,  M.D.  1.  Hooper's  Medical  Dictionary, 
8th  ed.  revised,  corrected,  and  improved  by  K.  G.,  Lon., 
1839,  Svo;  184S,  Svo. 

'•  Compared  with  the  early  editions,  it  may,  from  the  great  in- 
crease of  matter,  be  regarded  as  a  new  work.  I)r.  (.Irani  has  suc- 
ceeded in  preserving  the  plan  of  the  late  Dr.  Hooper,  and  at  the 
same  time  in  giving  to  his  labours  that  extension  of  detail  which 
the  recent  progress  of  medicioe  liad  rendered  necessary.  .  . .  This 
edition  will  be  found  more  extensively  useful  than  any  of  those 
which  preceded  it." — Lim.  M,d.  Oazette. 

2.  Memoirs  of  the  late  James  Hope,  M.D.,  by  Mrs. 
Hope.  With  addit.  matter  by  Dr.  Hope  and  Dr.  Burderj 
the  whole  edited  by  K.  G.  ;  3d  ed.,  1844,  p.  Svoj  4th  ed,, 
p.  Svo. 

"  We  warmly  recommend  this  volume  to  the  reading  public." — 
Bnt.  and  For.  Md.  Jiev. 

Grant,  Louisa  Kerr,  Niufa;  a  Tale,  Lon.,  1855, 
p.  Svo. 

'■The  great  merit  of  the  book  consists  in  bringing  one  idea  for- 
ward and  tilling  the  reader  irresistibly  with  it;  and  this  is  the 
unnatural  union  of  two  different  characters  and  cnuutries,  and 
the  natural  penalty  that  must  ensue." — Eraser's  Magazine. 

Grant,  P.     Con.  to  Med.  Com.,  1786. 

Grant,  Patrick,  lfi9S-1762,  Lord  Prestongrange,  a 
Scotch  Judge,  wrote  some  pieces  against  the  Rebellion  of 
1745. 

Grant,  Patrick.  Annotations  on  Lord  Stair's  In- 
stitutions of  the  Law  of  Scot.,  Edin.,  1824,  4to. 

Grant,  Kaymond  James.  Life  of  Thos.  Dermody, 
with  Grig.  Poetry,  Lon.,  ISOli,  2  vols.  Svo. 

Grant,  Robert.  1.  Hist,  of  the  E.  India  Comp.  to 
1''73.  Lon.,  ISLS.  Svo.     2.  Trade,  Ac.  of  India,  1813,  Svo. 

Grant,  Robert,  Vicar  of  Bradford-Abbas,  Ac.  Six 
Lects.  on  the  Parable  of  the  Prodigal  Son,  Lon.,  1830,  12mo. 

Grant,  Robert,  b.  1814.  at  Grantoun,  Scotland.  1. 
History  of  Physical  Astronomy,  Lon.,  1852,  Svo. 

"  Mr.  Grant's  l>ook  takes  its  place  among  standard  works  from 
its  first  appearance,  by  common  coDsent." — Lon.  Philosophical  Mag. 

*'  Seldom  have  we  been  called  on  to  review  a  book  more  complete 
than  this.  The  amount  of  research  displayed  is  evidence  of  the 
most  unwearying  industry.  The  work  will  stand  as  one  of  the 
great  records  of  human  progress;  for  most  satisfactorily  is  every 
phase  of  man's  advance  in  the  knowledge  of  '  the  stars  in  their 
curses'  therein  recorded." — Lon.  Athenaum, 
46 


2.  With  Admiral  W.H.  Smyth,  D.C.L.,  atrans.  of  Arago's 
Popular  Astrnnnmy  :  vol.  i.,  1855.  3.  With  Admiral  Smyth 
and  llov.  B.  Powell,  trans,  of  Arago's  Eminent  Men,  1857. 

Grant,  Robert  Edmund,  M.D.,  b.  at  Edinburgh, 
1793.  Outlines  of  Comparative  Anatomy,  1835,  Svo.  Not 
completed.  Other  profess,  works.  See  Eng.  Cyc,  Biog., 
vol.  iii..  lS5fi. 

Grant,  Roger.    Cure  of  a  Man  bora  Blind,  1709.  Svo. 

Grant,  W'm.  Essay  on  the  Balance  of  Europe.  From 
the  French  of  Fenebm/Lon.,  1720.  Svo. 

Grant,  \Vm.,  M.D.     Med.  works,  1771-82. 

Grantham,  Henry.  Trans,  into  English  of  S.  Len- 
tuln's  Ital.  Gram.,  written  in  Latin,  Lon.,  1575,  Svo ; 
1587,  ir.ino. 

Grantham,  Thomas.  Murriage  Serm.,  Lon.,  1641, 
'5fi,  4tn:    17.^1.  8v(.. 

Grantham,  Sir  Thomas.  1.  The  Prisoner  against 
the  Prelate,  (16511.)  Svo.  2.  Christianismus  Primitivus, 
Lon.,  1678,  fol.     Other  theolog.  works,  1644-80. 

Grantham,  Thomas.  1.  Scrm.,  1674,  4to.  2,  Five 
Discourses  nn  Conjugal  Duty,  1681,  4to ;  1709,  Svo. 

Granville,  Cardinal.  Letters  contayning  sundry 
Devises  touching  the  state  of  Flanders  and  Portugal,  Lon., 
1582,  Svo. 

Granville,  A.  B.,  M.D.,  has  gained  considerable 
reputation  by  his  medical  works  and  accounts  of  tours  on 
the  continent.  The  following  excellent  production  was 
received  with  enthusiastic  commendations  :  St.  Peters- 
burgh  ,•  a  Journal  of  Travels  to  and  from  that  Capital,  2d 
ed.,  Lon.,  1829,  2  vols.  Svo.  * 

'•We  do  not  hesitate  to  say  that  his  Picture  of  Petersburgh 
contains  the  most  copious  and  detailed  description  of  the  gi|j;antic 
edifices  of  this  extraordinary  city  which  has  hitherto  been  laid 
before  the  public." — J.Wilson  Croker:  Lon.  Ouar.  i?cu.,  xxsix. 
1-41.  q.  V. 

We  have  many  favourable  notices  before  us  of  our  au- 
thor's Spas  of  England  and  Germany,  treatise  on  Sudden 
Death,  &c.,  but  lack  space  for  their  insertion. 

Granville,  Charles.  Synopsis  of  the  Troubles  of 
England  during  the  last  1800  Years,  1747,  12mo. 

Granville,  Dennis.     See  Greenville. 

Granville,  Greenville,  or  Grenville,  George, 
Viscount  Lansdowne,  1667-1735.  a  son  of  Bernard  Gran- 
ville, was  educated  at  Trin.  Coll.,  Camb.,  where  he  dis- 
played such  extraordinary  merit  that  he  was  created  M.A. 
at  the  age  of  thirteen.  He  subsequently  wrote  a  number 
of  poems,  dramatic  pieces,  some  essays,  and  minor  histo- 
rical treatises.  1.  The  Gallants,  C,  1696,  4to.  2.  Heroic 
Love,  T.,  1698,  4to.  3.  The  Jew  of  Venice,  C.  1701,  4to, 
4.  Peleusand Thetis,  M.,  1701. 4ti>.  5.  The  British  Enchan- 
tress, D.  P.,  1706,  4to.  6.  Once  a  Lover  and  always  a 
Lover,  C,  1736,  12mo.  7.  Poems  on  Several  Occasions, 
1712,  Svo.  8.  A  Letter  from  a  Nobleman  abroad  to  hia 
Friends  in  England,  1722.     In  Lord  Somers's  Collection. 

9.  Genuine  Works,  in  verse  and  pro.se,   1732,  2  vols.  4to. 

10.  Letter  to  the  Author  of  Reflections  Historical  and 
Political,  occasioned  by  a  Treatise  in  vindication  of  Gene- 
ral Monk  and  Sir  Richard  Greenville,  1732,  4to. 

"  His  works  do  not  show  him  to  have  had  much  comprehension 
from  nature  or  illumination  from  learning.  He  seems  to  have 
had  no  ambition  above  the  imitation  of  Waller,  of  whom  he  has 
copied  the  faults,  and  very  little  more." — Dr.  Saml.  Johnson  ;  Lifa 
of  Granville. 

'*  lie  imitated  Waller;  but,  as  that  poet  has  been  much  excelled 
since,  a  faint  copy  of  a  faint  master  must  strike  still  less." — Horacb 
Walpole:  R.  i£-  N.  Authors. 

Yet  it  seems  that  his  lordship  had  poetry  enough  for  a 
nobleman,  for  great  authorities  thus  laud  his  muse; 
"  Auspicioufl  poet,  wert  thou  not  my  friend, 
llow  could  I  envy  what  I  must  commend; 
But  since  'tis  Nature's  law  in  love  and  wit, 
That  youth  should  reign,  and  withering  age  submit, 
With  less  regret  these  laurels  I  resign, 
Which,  dying  on  my  brows,  revive  on  thine." 
Dryden  to  I/ord  Lansdowne  on  his  ^'excellent  tragedy,"  Heroic  Love, 
'*  'Tis  yours,  my  lord,  to  bless  our  soft  retreats, 
And  call  the  Muses  to  their  ancient  seats; 
To  paint  anew  the  flow'ry  sylvan  scenes, 
To  crown  the  forests  with  immortal  greens; 
Make  Windsor's  hills  in  lofty  numbers  rise. 
And  lift  her  turrets  nearer  to  the  skies; 
To  sing  those  honours  you  deserve  to  wear, 
And  add  new  lustre  to  her  silver  star." 
lope's  Dedication  of  Windsor  Forest  to  "  CraiivUk  the  Polite?' 

_  Dr.  Joseph  Warton  cites  several  of  his  lordship's  trea- 
tises to  prove  that  his  prose  style  was  far  better  than  that 
of  his  early  contemporaries.  See  Biog.  Brit.;  Johnson's 
and  Chalmers's  Poets.  ISIO;  Chalmers's  Biog.  Diet.; 
Parke's  Wjilpole's  R.  &  N.  Authors. 
Granville,  Sir  Richard.  See  Grenville. 
Grascome,  Samuel.    Theolog.  treatises,  1691-1707 

721 


GRA 

Grassineau,  James.    A  Musical  Dictionary,  Lon.,  1 

^^Grattan,  Rt.  Hon.  Henry,  M.P.,  1750-1820,  a  pa-  j 
tive  of  llublin,  educated  at  Trinity  College,  in  that  city,  I 
entered  the  Irish  Parliament  in  1776.  and  distinguished 
himself  by  his  eloquent  advocacy  of  the  rights  of  his 
country.  For  his  services  in  procuring  the  repeal  of  the 
act  which  declared  the  legislative  authority  of  the  Eritisli 
Parliament  over  Ireland,  he  was  voted  £50,000  (reduced 
at  his  own  request  from  £100,000)  by  the  Irish  legislature. 
After  the  Union  he  represented  iMalton,  and  subsequently 
the  city  of  Dublin,  in  the  Imperial  Parliament.  1.  .Speeches 
in  the'lrish  and  in  the  Imperial  Parliament,  i-'l'tea  "y 
his  son,  Henry  Grattan,  Lon.,  1822,  4  vols.  8vo.  2.  Mis- 
cellaneous Works,  8vo.  3.  Speeches  ;  with  .a  Commentary 
on  his  Career  and  Character,  by  D.  0.  Madden  Dubl., 
1845,  Svo.  4.  Memoirs  of  his  Life  and  Times,  by  his  son, 
Lon.'.  1839-45,  6  vols.  8vo.  , 

'•This  truly  valuable  work  will  unquestionaWy  form  one  of  the 
most  important  .ind  interestiuB  additions  to  our  I'l^S^P"'?:'!  ^"'l 
historicHl  literature  that  our  own  d,iy  has  produced.  "  """S  <« 
a  comolote  historv  of  Ireland  during  the  period  nf  trrattan  s  life— 
and  the  only  efficient  one  which  has  yet  been  placed  on  lecoid.  — 
Lon-  Kavaland  Military  Gnziltj'.  .    .    ,   ,  .  *„  „ii 

■•The  •splendid  success  whii-h  has  imprinted  his  name  to  all 
anes  upon  the  annals  of  his  country,  and  Ihc  extraordinary  merit 
bv  which  that  distinction  was  pained  and  his  life  still  further 
illu-^trated  in  after-years,  are  by  no  means  his  highest  praise,  lo 
him  may  be  applied,  with  perhaps  but  one  exception,  the  affet- 
tionate  and  beautiful  words  of  Cicero  respecting  bis  son-in-law 

'•' Vereor,  ne  amore  videar  plura.  quam  fuerint  in  illo,  dicere: 

•  auod  non  ita  est;  alia  enim  de  illo  majnra  di.  i  pnssunt:  nam  nee 

continentia.  nee  pietate.  nee  ullo  genere  virtut.s  quendam  ejus- 

deni  .-etatis  cum  illo  conferendum  puto.'"— ii/m.  J?ci'.,  Jxxvni. 

See'also  articles  on  Grattan  in  Blackwood's  Mag.,  xlvi. 
392  529  ;  Dubl.  Univ.  Mag.,  vii.  229 ;  a  review  of  his  Mis- 
cellaneous Works  in  Lon.  Month.  Rev.,  xcix.  3o9;  of  his 
Speeches  in  Lon.  Month.  Kev.,  xcviii.  113:  a  biographical 
and  critical  notice,  and  some  of  his  speeches,  in  C.  A. 
Goodrich's  Select  British  Eloquence. 

••  Mr  tlrattan  was  the  sole  person  in  modern  oratory  of  whom 
it  could  be  said  that  he  had  attained  the  first  class  of  eloquence 
in  two  parliaments,  differing  from  each  other  in  their  tas  t-s, 
habits,  and  pr.judices  as  much,  probably,  as  any  two  as.semblles 
of  different  nations.  The  purity  of  his  life  was  the  brightness  of 
his  glnrv  .  .  If  I  were  to  describe  his  character  briefly.  1  should 
-■"■  *i,.^o„ni^T.t  Hicfnrisn.  that  he  was  •Vita  innocentissimus, 

— RlRjiMESMACK- 


siy,°wit"h  the  ancient  historian,  that  he  was  •  Vita  innocentissimus. 


in'genio  florentissimus,  proposito  sanctissimus, 

"  lie  was  a  man  of  singular  candour  and  of  great  moderation ; 
and  from  his  entrance  into  public  life  to  the  close  of  his  illustrious 
career  gave  signal  proofs  of  his  moderation,  of  his  extreme  for- 
bearance, nay,  of  his  gentleness."— Lord  Brougham:  l^iKerh  m 
Ifousf  «f  Commons.  June  26.  1823.  See  also  his  lordship  s  charac- 
ter of  drattan,  in  his  Lives  of  Statesmen  of  the  Times  of  Oeorge 
ni.  New  ed..  Lon.  and  filasg.,  i.  335-342.  1S55. 
Grattan,  Henry.  See  preceding  article. 
Grattan,  P.  R.  Cases  decided  in  the  Supreme  Ct. 
of  Appeals  and  the  Gcnl.  Ct.  of  Virginia,  1844-45,  Rich- 
mond, 1845,  Svo.  . 

Grattan,  Thomas  CoUey,  an  Irish  novelist,  b.  in 
Dublin,  in  1796,  whose  works  have  obtained  considerable 
celebrity,  has  spent  much  time  on  the  continent  of  Europe, 
and  was  from  1839  to  1853  British  Consul  at  Boston,  where 
he  wrote  two  of  his  most  popular  works.  1.  Philihert;  a 
Poetical  Romance,  Bordeaux,  1819,  r.  Svo;  Lon.,  8vo. 
This  tale  is  founded  on  the  Ilistory  of  the  false  Martin 
Guerre,  reported  in  the  Coii.«f«  CVbret.  2.  High-Ways 
and  By-Ways ;  or.  Tales  of  the  Road-Side,  picked  up  in 
the  French  Provinces,  by  a  Walking  Gentleman,  1823,  2 
vols.  p.  Svo  ;  2d  series,  1824,  3  vols.  p.  Svo ;  3d  series,  1S27, 
3  vols.  p.  Svo.     New  eds.  have  been  pub. 

'•  Havin"  thus  amply  allowed  the  author  and  his  book  to  speak 
for  themselves,  we  have  only  to  observe  that  the  style  is  through- 
out sustained  with  equal  vigour  as  in  the  .above  specimens;  and 
we  may  safely  pronounce  this  work  to  be  executed  in  a  manner 
worthy  of  the  patriotic  motive  which  the  author  proposed  to  him- 
self in  its  composition— the  eradication  of  national  prejudices.  — 
min  Rev  ,  xxxviii.  454-467  ;  notice  of  1st  seines.  See  Allan  Cun- 
ningham's Diog.  and  Crit.  Hist,  of  Lit.  of  the  last  Fifty  Years. 

3.  Traits  of  Travel,  1829,  3  vols.  p.  Svo.  4.  The  Heiress 
of  Bruges;  a  Tale  of  the  year  Sixteen  Hundred,  1830,  4 
vols.  New  eds,  in  1S34,  '4'9,  in  3  vols.  p.  Svo;  and  also  in 
12mo.  ^       ,    .  ,. 

••The  general  style  is  nianlv.  animated,  and  characteristic,  and 
calculated  to  attract  the  attention  of  the  literary  readers  of  the 
continent,  where  the  author  has  been  long  residing,  as  well  as 
those  of  his  native  land." — Court  Jnurnai. 
See  also  Westminster  Rev.,  xiv.  146. 
6.  Hist,  of  the  Netherlands  to  the  Belgian  Revolution  in 
1S30,  (Lardner's  Cyc,  vol.  x., )   1830,  12mo.     6.  Hist,  of 
Switzerland,  12mo."  7.  Men  and  Cities;  or,  Tales  of  Travel, 
3  vols.  p.  Svo. 
722 


GRA 

'•Mr  Grattan  has  brought  the  imagination  of  the  novelist  to 
the  materials  of  the  traveller;-he  has  sat  down  by  the  hfarth— 
he  knows  the  home— the  habits— of  the  people  he  describes.  — 

^"-l'.  ■jacquelfnr"of  Holland,  1842,  '49,  12mo.  9.  Tha 
Master  Passion,  and  other  Tales,  1S45,  3  vols.  p.  Svo. 
10  Ch.ance  Medley  of  Light  Matter,  1S45,  12mo.  11.  Ag- 
nes de  Mansfelt,"lS47,  '49,  12mo.  12.  Legends  of  the 
Rhine,  3  vols.  p.  Svo;  1S49. 12mo.  Mr.  Grattan  was  also  the 
author  of  a  pamphlet  on  the  Northeastern  Boundary  Ques- 
tion (1842)  between  Great  Britain  and  the  United  States. 
Grattan,  William,  R.  A.,  late  Lieut.  Connaught 
Rangers,  a  cousin  of  the  preceding,  was  present  at  nearly 
all  of  the  battles  on  the  Peninsula.  Adventures  of  the 
Conn.aught  Rangers.  Lon.,  1847,  2  vols.  p.  Svo;  2d  series, 
1852,  2  vols.  p.  Svo. 

"In  this  second  series  of  the  adventures  of  this  famous  regi- 
ment, the  author  extends  his  narrative  from  the  first  form.itioa 
of  the  gallant  8Sth  up  to  the  occupation  of  Pans.     All  the  battles, 
sices,  and  skirmishes  in  which  the  regiment  took  part  are  de- 
scribed. ...  The  work  bears  all  the  characteristics  of  a  soldier  s 
straightforward  and  entertaining  narrative." 
Graunt,  Edward.     See  Grant. 
Graunt,  John,  1620-1674,  a  haberdasher  of  London, 
of  intelli''ence  and  research,  gained  great  distinction  by 
his  Niitural  and  Political  Observations  upon  the  Bills  of 
Mortality,  chiefly  with  reference  to  the  Government,  Re- 
ligion, Trade,  Growth,  Air,  Diseases,  Ac.  of  the  City  of 
I  London,  Lon.,  1662,  4to  ;  6th  ed.,  1676,  Svo.     Again,  1759, 
4to.     Edited  by  T.  Birch. 

'•  Sir  William  Petty  ....  was  the  chief  director  and  author  of  a 
piece  published  some  time  before  by  one  John  Graunt,"  ic— 
Bishop  Aiculson's  Eng.  Hist.  Lih.  ,   ,     .. 

"  He  (Sir  William  Petty)  is  author  of  the  ingenious  deductions 
from  the  bills  of  mortality  which  go  under  the  name  of  Mr. 
Graunt."— iVijdi's  Memoirs.  ,.    i  ,_    »     ,  r  »i, 

"  This  work  is  not  only  one  of  the  earliest,  but  also  one  of  the 
best,  of  its  class.  It  is  said  by  Evelyn  in  his  Memoirs,  (i.  4,6, 
4to  ed  ,1  and  by  Dr.  U.allev  in  his  paper  referred  to  below,  that  :Mr 
William  Petty  was  the  real  author  of  the  Observations.  But, 
notwithstanding  the  deference  due  to  their  authority,  it  may  be 
doubted  whether  there  be  any  good  ground  for  this  statement.  -- 
McCulloeh's  Lit.  of  Polit.  Econ..  where  see  this  question  discussed. 
Wood  says  tliat  the  Observations  were  done  upon  certain 
hints  and  advice  of  Sir  Will.  Petty. 

See  Athen.  Oxon.;  Biog.  Brit.;  Dodd's  Church  Hist.; 
Pepys's  Life  and  Diary.  There  is  also  ascribed  to  Graunt, 
Reflections  on  the  Bills  of  Mortality  relative  to  the  Plague, 
1665,  Svo;  and  he  left  some  pieces  in  MS. 

Graunt,  John.      Truth's   Victory   against  Heresy, 

Lon.,  4to. 

Grave,  Christian.     Morals  and  Politics,  1,94.  Svo. 
Grave,  or  Graves,  George  Ann.   Memoirs  of  Joan 
of  Arc  ;  frion  Du  Ficsuov.  Ac,  Lon.,  1S12.  Svo. 

Grave,  John  de.     Gate  of  Tongues,  Lon.,  1633,  Svo. 
Griiveuor,  Benjamin.     See  Grosven-or. 
Gravere,  Julius  de.     A  Treasury  of  Choice  Medi- 
cines. Lon..  1662.  4to.  . 

Graves,  Mrs.  A.  J.  1.  Women  in  America:  their 
Moral  and  Intellectual  Condition,  N.  York,  1S42,  ISmo. 
2.  Girlhood  and  Womanhood;  or.  Sketches  of  my  School- 
mates, Boston,  1844,  12nio. 

Graves,  George.  1  British  Ornithology,  Lon.,  Ibll- 
13  2  vols.  r.  Svo;  96  col'd  plates.  2d  ed..  1821,  3  vols. 
Svo;  144  col'd  plates.  2.  Naturalists',  Ac.  Pocket  Guide; 
col'd  plates,  1815,  Svo.  3.  Ovarium  Britonnicum,  ISlo,  r. 
Svo.     4.  Hortus  Mcdicus,  4to. 

Graves,  Rev.  John.  Hist,  and  Antiq.  of  Cleveland 
in  the  North  Biding  of  Yorkshire,  Carlisle,  ISOS,  4to. 

Graves,  John.  Bahama  Islands,  Lou.,  17S9,  4to. 
See  Rich's  Bibl.  Amer.  Nova.  i.  356. 

Graves,  R.,  and  Ashton  J.  Whole  Art  of  Tacliy- 
eraphy;  or,  Short-Hand  Writing,  York,  1775,  12mo. 

Graves,  Richard,  1715-1804,  a  native  of  Gloucester- 
shire, Rector  of  Claverton,  near  Bath,  and  of  Kilinersdon, 
was  author  of  a  number  of  popular  works,  now  generally 
forgotten.  Among  the  best-known  are  The  Festoon,  or 
Collection  of  Epigrams;  Lucubrations  in  Prose  and  Verse, 
pub.  under  the  name  of  Peter  Pomfret;  The  Spiritual 
Quixote;  Eugenius,  or  Anecdotes  of  the  Golden  Bull; 
Columelia,  or  the  Distressed  Anchoret;  I'lexippus,  or  the 
Aspiring  Plebeian  ;  political  pieces,  under  the  name  of 
Euphrosyne;  Sermons  on  various  subjects;  Recollections 
of  Shenstone;  translations  from  Antoninus,  Herodian, 
Xenophon,  Ac.  His  last  publication  was  The  Invalid, 
with  the  obvious  means  of  enjoying  Life  by  a  Nonagena- 
rian. His  most  popular  work,  often  reprintc.l,  was  ihe 
Spiritual  Quixote:  which  was  intended  as  a  satire  on  the 
itinerant  and  illiterate  preachers  among  the  Methodists. 
The  subject  was  hardly  a  suitable  one  for  a  divine;  nor, 
indeed,  for  any  one  else. 


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GRA 


Graves,  Richard,  D.D.,  1763-1829,  a  native  of  Kil- 
finane,  Limerick,  was  educated  at  Trin.  Coll.,  Dublin,  of 
which  he  became  Fellow  in  17S6;  Dean  of  Ardagh.  1813; 
and  Regius  Prof,  of  Divinity  ia  the  University.  lie  pub. 
a  number  of  sermons  and  theological  works,  of  which  we 
particularly  notice — 1.  Essay  on  the  Character  of  the 
Apostles  and  Evangelists;  designed  to  prove  that  they 
were  not  Enthusiasts,  Lon.,  1799,  8vo. 

'•  A  book  wbioh  deserves  to  be  coDSulted." — Orme's  Bill.  Bib. 

2.  Lects.  on  the  4  last  Books  of  the  Pentateuch.  These 
Lects.  were  delivered  at  the  Donellan  Lecture,  1797-1801. 
They  were  originally  pub.  in  2  vols.  8vo,  1807.  Three 
Lectures  were  added  to  the  second  and  subsenuent  edits. 
Last  ed.,  1846,  8vo.  Few  works  of  the  kind  are  more 
highly  esteemed. 

-'This  is  a  work  of  learning  and  merit.  Dr.Graves  examines 
very  minutely  the  authenticity  and  truth  of  the  Mosaic  history, 
and  the  theoloi^ii'al  ami  moral  principles  of  the  Jewish  law;  and 
replies,  at  great  lenj^th,  to  the  most  plausible  objections.  With 
Dr.  Geddes.  in  particular,  he  maintains  a  very  determined  conflict, 
and  exposes,  very  successfully,  the  infidel  reasnniii-;s  of  that  arro- 
gant writer.  He  also  frequently  combats  Le  Clerc  and  Warburton."' 
—  OrmesBibl.Bih. 

'•  Indispensably  necessarv  to  the  biblical  student." — Hornets  Bibl. 
Bib. 

"  The  work  of  Dr.  Graves  is  truly  invaluable,  and  we  cannot  but 
strongly  advise  every  student  in  divinity  to  get  it  up  (as  it  is 
called)  in  preparing  for  his  ordination." — Briiish  Cnlic. 

*'The  late  excellent  Bishop  Lloyd,  in  his  latter  years,  made  it 
one  of  the  text-books  of  his  private  divinity  lectures.'"— XofoHc^es's 
Brit.  Lib. 

"  Much  important  information;  deficient  in  evangelical  truth.'* 
^BickersMh's  fVirif^.  .Sfu. 

An  Epitome  of  this  work  will  be  found  in  Dr.  J.  B. 
Smith's  Compendium  of  Rudiments  in  Theology,  Lon., 
1S36,  12mo. 

3.  XXV.  Serms.  on  Prac.  Subjects,  1830,  8vo. 

'•The  parent  may  re.id  them  with  profit  to  his  children,  the 
scholar  may  peruse  them  with  delight  in  his  study.  They  are 
spirit-stirring  appeals,  which  the  sinner  will  find  it  difficult  to  re- 
sist, and  the  saint  impossible  to  condemn." — Lon.  Chris.  Etniem- 
branccr. 

4.  Select  Scriptural  Proofs  of  the  Trinity,  1840,  8vo. 
5.  Whole  Works,  now  first  collected;  with  life  by  his  son, 
Richard  Hastings  Graves,  D.D.,  Rector  of  Brigown,  Dio- 
cese of  Cloyne,  1840,  4  vols.  8vo. 

"The  duty  has  been  undertaken  by  his  son,  and  executed  in  a 
manner  creditable  to  his  hereditary  talents  and  piety." — Dubl. 
Univ.  Mag.,  xvii.  634-015,  q.  v.;  and  see  Fraser's  Mag.,  sxiv.  76. 

Graves,  Capt.  Richard,  R.N.  Case  of  the  Author 
rel.  to  his  non-promotion  in  1801.  1812,  Svo. 

Graves,  Robert,  M.D.     Med.  works,  Lon.,  1792-97. 

Graves,  Robert  J.,  M.D.,  Prof,  of  the  Institutes  of 
Med.  in  the  School  of  I*hysic,  Trin.  Coll.,  Dublin.  Clinical 
Lectures  on  the  Practice  of  Medicine.  Edited  by  Dr. 
Neligan,  Dubl..  1848,  Svo :  2d  ed..  1848,  2  vols.  Svo.  Third 
Amer.  ed.,  by  W.  W.  Gerhard,  M.D.,  Lect.  on  Clin.  Med.  in 
the  Univ.  of  Penna.,  Phila.,  Svo. 

"  Xo  praetilioner  of  medicine  should  he  without  it,  since  there 
is  scarcely  a  disease  to  which  the  human  frame  is  liable  which  does 
not  receive  in  it  some  illustration,  direct  or  incidental;  and  as  a 
guide  to  practice,  especially  when  difficulties  arise,  it  will  be  found 
a  most  useful  work  for  reference." — Brit,  and  F'>r.  Ahd.  Jiev. 

"By  his  death  the  Irish  school  has  lost  one  of  its  brightest  orna- 
ments; one  whose  labours  had  made  his  name  familial' in  every 
European  and  American  school." — Dubl.  Times  and  Gazette. 

Graves,  Samuel.     Political  treatises,  1814,  <fec. 

Gravius,  an-ffice.  Greaves. 

Gray,  Alexander,  M.D.     Con.  to  Med.  Com.,  1787. 

Gray,  Aloiizo,  b.  18US,  at  Townshend,  Vermont, 
formerly  Prof,  of  Chemistry  and  Natural  Philos.  in  Phil- 
lips Academy,  Andover,  Mass.  1.  Elements  of  Chemis- 
try, Andover,  1841,  12mo;  40th  ed.,  newly  revised  and 
greatly  enlarged,  N.  York,  1853,  12mo. 

"An  exceedingly  judicious  arranijemeut  of  the  facts  of  Chemis- 
try. Its  consecutive  order  is  lucid  and  logical.  It  indicates  a 
mind  accustomed  to  teach  as  well  as  to  study.  It  seems  to  me  to 
hold  a  happy  medium  between  the  brevity  which  only  obscures  the 
subject,  and  the  copious  details  of  works  too  elaborate  and  minute 
fur  the  general  student." — TJielate  Dr.  Griscnm^nf  Burlingiiyn,  N.  J. 

2.  Elements  of  Scientific  and  Practical  Agriculture, 
Andover,  1842,  12rao.  3.  Elements  of  Natural  Philos., 
N.  York,  12mo. 

«'  Extremely  well  adapted  to  the  purposes  of  elementary  instruc- 
tion."— Prof.  Elias  Loomis,  New  York  Untvcrsiti/. 

'•  Well  suited  to  win  the  confidence  of  the  public  and  to  sustain 
the  reputation  of  the  author."— Rev.  Ltman  Coleman.  D.D. 

4.  In  conjunction  with  C.  B.  Adams,  Elements  of  Geo- 
logy, 1852,  i2mo. 

"It  presents  the  Outlines  of  European  and  American  Geology 
in  a  concise  form." — National  Era. 

Gray,  Andrew,  a  Puritan  divine  of  Glasgow,  1.  XL 
Communion  iSerms.,  and  a  Letter  to  Lord  W.,  Edin.,  1616, 
Svo;  Lon.,  1679.  Svo.  2.  Whole  Works,  Glasg.,  1702,  Svo; 
Falkirk,  1789,  Svo. 


Gray,  Andrew,  D.D.,  of  Abemethy.  1.  Delineation 
of  the  Parables.  Ac,  Edin.,  1777,  lS14,"8vo. 

"This  is  a  very  sensible  work  on  the  Parables.  It  is  free  from 
that  fanciful  and  licentious  mode  of  treating  the  allegorical  parts 
of  Scripture  in  which  many  writers,  with  a  show  of  piety,  have 
most  improperly  iiidultred." — Onmt's  Bibl.  Bib. 

"This  Delineation  will  be  of  e:reat  use  to  the  reader  in  the  study 
of  the  parables  of  Jesus,  and  will  enable  him  to  comprehend  tht-ir 
full  force  and  meaning.  The  author  has  explained  and  illustrated 
them  with  perspicuity,  and  pointed  out  the  several  important  in- 
structions that  mav  fairly  be  deduced  from  them." — Lon.  Month 
Bev.,  O.  .S'..  Ivii.  196. 

2.  Serm.,  1763,  Svo.     3.  Serra.,  1768,  Svo. 

Gray,  Andrew.  1.  The  Experienced  Millwright, 
Edin.,  1S04.  'i)G,  4to.  2.  Plungh-Wright's  Assist.,  ISOS, 
Svo.     3.  Spinning  Machinery,  1819,  Svo. 

"The  author  much  excelled  in  the  construction  of  ploughs  of  the 
swing  kind,  to  be  drawn  by  two  horses."— Donaldson's  Agricidt. 
Biofj. 

Gray,  Ann  Thomson.  The  Twin  Pupils;  or.  Edu- 
cation at  H<ime.  Lun..  1852,  fp.  Svo. 

"More  sound  principles  and  useful  practical  remarks  we  have 
not  lately  met  in  any  work  on  the  much-treated  subject  of  educa- 
tion."— Lon.  Lit.  Gazette. 

"A  volume  of  excellent  tendency,  which  may  be  put  with  safety 
and  advantage  into  the  hands  of  well-educated  young  people."— 
Lon.  Evangel.  Mag. 

Gray,  Asa,  M.D.,  Fisher  Prof,  of  Natural  History  at 
the  University  of  Cambridge,  Massachusetts,  b.  at  Paris, 
Oneida  countv.  New  Y'ork.  Nov.  IS,  1810;  took  the  degree 
of  M.D.  at  Fairfield  College,  1S31,  but  relinquished  the 
medical  profession  for  the  purpose  of  prosecuting  the 
study  of  botany  ;  appointed  botanist  to  the  U.  States  Ex- 
ploring Expedition,  1834,  but.  in  consequence  of  the  delay 
of  that  enterprise,  resigned  his  post  in  1837:  elected  Prof, 
of  Botany  in  the  University  of  Michigan,  and,  before  that 
institution  went  into  operation,  elected  to  his  present 
situation  in  1842.  In  addition  to  his  lectures  at  the  Uni- 
versity, he  has  delivered  three  courses  of  Lowell  Lectures 
in  Boston.  In  the  prosecution  of  his  botanical  studies,  he 
visited  Europe,  1838-39  and  in  1850-51.  See  Men  of  the 
Time.  N.  York.  1852.  The  reputation  of  this  distin- 
guished gentleman  is  too  widely  extended  to  render  any 
commendation  upon  our  part  at  all  necessary. 

1.  Elements  of  Botany.  1836.  2.  Botanical  Test-Book, 
N.  York,  1842.  12mo;  4th  ed.,  1S53,  sm.  Svo;  5th  ed., 
1858:  see  No.  6. 

"  We  congratulate  the  friends  of  natural  science  upon  the  elec- 
tion of  a  person  of  so  much  zeal  and  ability  as  this  book  discoverB 
to  the  chair  of  botany  in  the  University  of  Cambridge."— G.  B. 
Emerson  :  review  of  \st  ed.  in  iV.  Amer.  Jfev.,  Ivi.  192-207,  q.  v. 

And  see  a  review  of  2d  ed.  {1S45,  12mo)  in  N.  Amer. 
Rev.,  Ixi.  254-25S,  Ixvii.  174-193.  See  also  Amer.  Jour, 
of  Sci.,  2d  Ser.,  v.  377. 

"The  most  compendious  and  satisfactory  view  of  the  vegetable 
kingdom  which  has  yet  been  obtained  in  an  elementary  treatise. 
Remarkable  fur  its  correctness  and  perspicuity."— .SV//i/Han's  Jour. 

This  excellent  work  has  been  a  text-book  in  the  Uni- 
versity of  Edinburgh,  and  is  so  used  in  Harvard  University 
and  other  American  colleges. 

3.  Genera  of  Plants  of  the  U.  States ;  illustrated  by  Isaac 
Sprague.  N.Y.,  1848^9,  2  vols.  r.  Svo.     A  valuable  work. 

"The  design  of  this  woi-k  is  to  illustrate  the  botany  of  the  United 
States  by  figures,  with  full  analyses  of  one  or  more  species  of  each 
genus,  accompanied  by  descriptive  generic  characters  and  critical 
observations.  The  figures  are  in  all  cases  drawn  dU-ectly  from 
nature." — Pre/ace. 

4.  Manual  of  the  Botany  of  the  Northern  United  States, 
Best.,  1848.  12mo;  2d  ed..  N.York,  1856.  sm.  Svo.  5. 
Botany  of  the  U.  States  Pacific  Exploring  Expedition 
under"  Captain  AVilkes,  1854,  4to,  with  atlas  of  100  plates, 
1857,  imp.  fol.  A  separate  edition  of  150  copies  printed 
for  sale.  0.  The  following  six  works  constitute  Dr.  (iray's 
School  Series,  revised,  rearranged,  and  pub.  in  1S5S.  I. 
How  Plants  Grow;  Botany  for  Young  People,  sm.  4to. 
IL  Lessons  in  Botany,  with  Drawings  from  Nature.  III. 
Manual  of  Botany,  for  Analysis  and  Classification.  IV. 
Manual  and  Lessons,  in  1  vol.  V.  Manual,  with  Mosses, 
&c.  VI.  Structural  and  Systematic  Botany;  a  revised  ed. 
of  Botanical  Text-Book,  1300  drawings.  7-  In  conjunc- 
tion with  John  Torrey.  M.D..  A  Flora  of  North  America. 
This  work,  the  first  portion  of  which  was  issued  in  1838, 
is  pub.  in  numbers.  It  will  form  3  vols.  Svo.  For  an  in- 
teresting sketch  of  Dr.  Gray's  labours,  comprising  a  notice 
of  Nos.  2,  3,  4.  and  7,  recorded  above,  we  refer  the  reader 
to  an  article  by  Mr.  J.  Carey,  in  the  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  Ixvii. 
174-193;  also' see  N.  Amer."  Rev.,  Oct.  1858.  In  addition 
to  his  published  vols..  Dr.  Gray  has  con  trib.  many  valuable 
papers  to  the  Amer.  Jour,  of  Science  and  Arts;  Annals  of 
the  Lyceum  of  Nat.  Hist.,  N.York;  Mcmoirsof  the  Amer. 
Acad,  of  Arts  and  Sciences,  Boston  ;  Jour,  of  the  Boston 
Society  of  Natural  History:  Sir  W.  J.  Hooker's  Jour,  of 

723 


GRA 

Botany,  London  ;  Journal  of  the  Linna-an  Soc,  London;  I 
Smithsonian  Contributions  to  Knowledge;  N.  Anier.  Rev. 

The  intelligent,  self-denying,  and  persevering  labours 
of  Dr.  Gray  have  imposed  upon  his  countrymen  obliga- 
tions of  no  ordinary  character.  It  is  by  such  works  that 
credit  is  acquired  abroad  and  education  extended  at  home. 

Gray,  Charles,  Capt.,  R.N.  1.  Poems  and  Songs, 
Lon.,  1811,  cr.  8vo;  2d  ed.,  1815,  12mo.  2.  Lays  and 
Lyrics,  1842,  fp.  8vo. 

"Captain  Gray  .strilies  the  Scottish  harp  with  a  bold  and  skilful 
hand,  producing  tones  in  awordauce  with  the  univeisal  sonp  of 
Nature  which  will  not  readily  be  forgotten." — 0.ikdimian  Mer- 
cury. 

t;ray,Chris.  Cat.  ofTreesandShrubs,  Lon,  1740,  8vo. 

Gray,  Dionis.  His  Storehouse  of  Breuitie  in  Woorkes 
of  Arithmetick,  Lon.,  1586,  8vo  and  16mo. 

Gray,  Edward  Whitaker,  M.D.,  174S-lS0r,  Secre- 
tary to  the  Royal  Society,  and  keeper  of  the  departments 
of  Natural  His"t.  and  Antiq.  in  the  Brit.  Museum.  Con.  on 
nat.  hist,  and  nat.  philos.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1788,  '89,  '95,  '96. 

Gray,  Francis  Calley,  LL.D.,  1790-1856,  b.  in 
Salem,  Mass..  a  member  of  the  Bar.  distinguished  for  ex- 
tensive literary  attainments,  a  son  of  Lt.-Gov.  William 
Gr.ay,  and  a  native  of  Salem,  Mass.,  graduated  at  Harvard 
College  in  1S09.  and  was  subsequently  private  secretary  to 
John  Quincy  Adams  in  bis  mission  to  Russia.  He  resided 
in  Boston  until  his  decease,  and  filled  several  important 
public  positions,  having  been  a  representative,  a  senator, 
and  a  member  of  the  governor's  council. 

Mr.  Gray's  publications  are  as  follows : 

1.  Address  to  the  Massachusetts  Charitable  Fire  Society 
at  their  annual  meeting,  Oct.  10,  1817.  2.  Discourse  at 
Plymouth,  Mass.,  on  the  199th  anniversary  of  the  landing 
of  the  Pilgrims,  Dec.  22,  1819.  .3.  Report  of  the  Committee 
of  Merchants  and  others  of  Boston  on  the  Tariff,  Oct,  2, 
1820.  The  Resolutions  appended  were  drawn  by  Mr. 
Webster.  4.  Letter  to  Gov.  Lincoln  on  Harvard  University, 
April  16,  18.31.  5.  Oration  before  the  Legislature  of  Mass., 
on  the  100th  Anniversary  of  the  birth  of  Washington, 
Feb.  22,  1832.  6.  Discourse  before  the  American  Institute, 
Aug.  23,  1832.  7.  Speech  in  the  House  of  Representatives 
of  Mass.,  on  the  bill  to  abolish  capit.al  punishment,  March 
19,  1836.  8.  Poem  before  *  B  K  Society  at  Cambridge, 
Aug.  27, 1840. 

*■  The  spirit  of  the  composition  is  thoroughly  patriotic  and  Ame- 
rican, and  this  we  rejoice  to  see;  for  Mr.  Gray  is  deeply  read  in 
the  literature  of  Europe,  and  knows,  by  personal  observation,  what 
there  is  attractive  iu  foreign  associations  and  foreign  modes  of 
life.  His  mind  is  richly  stored  with  various  and  accurate  know- 
ledge, gathered  by  study  and  travel;  and  he  can  judge,  if  any 
man  can,  what  sources  of  poetical  inspiration  are  to  be  found  in 
American  history  and  scenery  as  compared  with  Europe.  The 
glowing  strain  that  patriotic  feeling  dictates  to  so  enlightened  a 
mind  as  Mr.  Gray's  cannot  fail  to  make  a  strong  impression." — 
A'.  .Imfr.  Sev.,  lii.  202-266. 

9.  Oration  before  the  <t>  B  K  Society  of  Providence, 
R.  I.,  Sept.  7,  1842.  10.  Remarks  on  Early  Laws  of 
Mass.,  with  the  "  Body  of  Liberties"  of  1641,  not  before 
printed,  Mass.  Hist.  Collections,  3d  series,  vol.  viii.  191, 
Dec.  22, 1842.  The  MS.  from  which  this  was  printed  was 
discovered  by  Mr.  Gray.  11.  Prison  Discipline  iu  Ame- 
rica, Bost.,  1847,  8vo. 

Articles  in  the  North  American  Review  : 

1.  Translation  of  Sadolet's  Laoeoon,  vol.  ii.,  p.  199,  Jan. 

1816.  2.  Address  before  the  4>  B  K,  vol.  iii.,  p.  289, 
Sept.  1816.  3.  Imitation  of  Goethe,  "  Know'st  thou  the 
land,"  vol.  iv.,  p.  201,  Jan.  1817.  4.  Giustiniani's  account 
of  an   ancient  cemetery  in  Naples,  vol.  v.,  p.  119,  May, 

1817.  5.  Visit  to  the  Elizabeth  Islands,  vol.  v.,  p.  313, 
Sept.  1817.  6.  Time  and  Pleasure,  vol.  v.,  p.  341,  Sept. 
1817.  7.  Review  of  Macchiavelli,  vol.  v.,  p.  344,  Sept. 
1817.  8.  Cuvier's  Theory  of  the  Earth  and  Dana's  Mine- 
ralogy :  Systems  of  Geology,  vol.  viii.,  p.  396.  9.  Nov- 
anglusand  Massachusettensis:  Beginning  of  American  Re- 
volution, vol.  ix.,  p.  376,  Sept.  1819.  10.  Addresses  of  Phila. 
Society  :  Foreign  Commerce  and  Domestic  Industry,  vol. 
X.,  p.  316,  April,  1820.  11.  Constitution  of  Massachusetts, 
vol.  xi.,  p.  359,  Oct.  1820.  12.  Raymond's  Political 
Economy,  vol.  xii.,  p.  443,  April,  1821.  13.  Botta's  Ame- 
rican Revolution,  vol.  xiii.,  p.  169,  July,  1821.  14.  Europe, 
by  a  Citizen  of  the  U.  S.,  vol.  xv.,  p.  177,  July,  1822. 
15.  Jay's  Treaty — Free  ships,  free  goods — Rule  of  1756, 
vol.  xvii.,  p.  142,  July,  1823.  16.  America,  by  the  author 
of  Europe,  vol.  xxv.,  p.  1(39,  July,  1827. 

Translations  in  Longfellow's  Poetry  of  Europe  : — From 
Dante — Beatrice,  p.  524:  "flowers,"  6th  line  from  end,  a 
misprint; — should  be  "  spirits."  From  Boccaccio — Sonnet 
on  Dante,  p.  534.  From  M.anzuni — H  Cinque  Maggio,  p. 
bl4,  On  the  Death  uf  Napoleon. 


GRA 

Mr.  Gray's  defence  of  the  Congregate  System  elicited 
auxiliary  articles  in  the  North  American  Review  for 
January,  1848,  and  the  Christian  Examiner  for  the  fol- 
lowing month.  Mr.  Gray's  volume,  and  the  subject  gene- 
rally, were  ably  reviewed  in  a  work  entitled  An  Inquiry 
into  the  alleged  tendency  of  separation  of  Convicts  one 
from  the  other  to  produce  Disease  and  Derangement.  By 
a  Citizen  of  Pennsylvania,  Phila.,  1849,  8vo.  The  author 
of  this  work  is  Mr.  Frederick  A.  Packard,  formerly  a 
member  of  the  Massachusetts  Legislature,  for  many  yeara 
past  a  resident  of  Philadelphia.  A  notice  of  a  work  upon 
the  subject  of  prison-discipline — in  which  many  good  men 
now  take  a  warm  interest — will  be  found  in  our  article  on 
Buxton.  Sin  Tbohas  Fowell. 

Gray,  George  Robert,  Senior  Assist,  in  the  Zoolo- 
gical Department,  Brit.  Museum.  1.  A  List  of  the  Genera 
of  Birds  ;  2d  ed.,  Lon.,  1841.  2.  The  Genera  of  Birds,  com- 
prising their  Generic  Characters.  Illustrated  with  Figures 
by  D.  W.  Mitchell,  Lon.,  1837-49,  3  vols.  imp.  4to,  £31  10«. 
This  work  contains  371  plates,  (186  plain  and  185  col'd.) 
The  only  similar  work  which  has  ever  been  pub.  is  Vieil- 
lot's  Galerie  des  Oiseaux,  in  1825,  which  is  now  so  far 
behind  the  iiuproved  state  of  the  science  that  it  is  valuable 
only  as  a  collection  of  figures.  Gray's  and  Mitchell's 
splendid  work  has  elicited  enthusiastic  commendation  : 

"Among  the  great  works,  G.  R.Gray's  Genera  of  Bii-ds  takes 
undeniably  the  first  place."— SuNDEVAi,:  RtpoH  to  Vie  Academy  of 
SiocI:/ioIm. 

"  This  is  a  work  which  no  library  ought  to  be  without :  no  zoo- 
logist vvlio  wishes  to  keep  up  his  knowledge  of  the  present  state 
of  lirnithology  cau  dispense  with  its  possession." — Wiegm.  Archiv 
fiir  Kuturg,  1844. 

"  We  have  a  work  before  us  which  ranks  among  the  most  dis- 
tinguished in  Ornithology  ;  which,  in  scientific  importance  and 
piactical  usefulness,  leaves  all  similar  works  far  behind."— HiET- 
LAlB:  Isis,  1846,  p.  903. 

"  The  working  naturalist  will  hail  with  gratitude  the  work, 
which  supplies  him  with  a  ready  index  to  the  whole  subject  of 
Ornithology.  .  .  .  This  beautiful  and  elaborate  work  will  tend 
greatly  to  advance  our  knowledge  of  Ornithology  :  uo  public  and 
private  museum  cau  be  scientifically  arranged  without  its  aid." — 
Jardinc^s  Ann.  and  Mag.  Nat.  Hist. 

Mr.  Gray  was  a  contributor  to  the  English  ed.  of 
Cuvier's  Animal  Kingdom,  and  is  the  author  of  several 
entomological  publications,  etc. 

Gray,  Mrs.  Hamilton, is  the  author  of  several  popu- 
lar works,  of  which  the  best-known  are — 1.  A  Tour  to  the 
SepulchresofEtruriainlS39,Lon.,lS40,p.8vo;3ded.,1843. 

"  .Mrs.  Gray's  sepulchral  picture-gallery  has  no  intervals  of  daub 
or  vacancy.  '  She  has  won  an  honourable  place  in  the  large  as- 
sembly of  modern  female  writers." — Lf>n.  (^uar.  Rev. 

"As  a  more  particular  illustration  of  what  is  the  highest  pride 
of  modern  English  civilization — the  union  of  genuine  learning 
and  genuine  refinement — we  may  once  more  name  Mrs.  Hamilton 
Gray's  Sepulchres  of  Etruria." — Miss  Kigby:  Lon.  t^uav.  licv., 
Ixvi.  105. 

See  Dennis,  George. 

2.  The  History  of  Etruria,  1843-44,  2  vols.  p.  8vo. 
"The  reading  world  will  peruse  Mrs. Gray's  works,  which  are 

open  to  all.  in  their  native  elegance,  with  the  deepest  interest." — 
For.  and  Col.  Qnar.  Rev. 

"  A  work  which  we  strongly  recommend  as  certain  to  afford 
pleasure  and  profit  to  every  reader." — Lmi.  Athenceum. 

3.  Hist,  of  Rome  for  Young  Persons,  1847,  2  vols.  12bio. 
''  A  very  ingenious  attempt  to  bring  the  recent  discoveries  of  the 

critical  school  into  working  competition  with  the  miserable  Gold- 
smiths and  Piuuocks  of  our  youth."— Z-oti.  Chris.  Remtimhrancer. 

'■  Even  as  a  mere  reading-book,  very  interesting  and  authentic." 
— Lf>n.  Gnarilinn. 

"  Here  we  have  any  thing  but  a  dry  detail  of  names,  dates  and 
facts,  such  as  is  too  often  to  be  met  within  brief  compilations." — 
Lon.  Alltentcitm. 

4.  Emperors  of  Rome,  from  Augustus  to  Constantine. 
Being  a  Continuation  of  the  Hist,  of  Rome  for  Young 
Persons,  1850,  12mo. 

"It  may  be  recommended  as  a  clear,  rapid,  and  well-arranged 
summary  of  facts,  pointed  by  frequent  but  brief  reflections." — 
Lon.  Spectator. 

"  A  stiiking  characteristic  of  the  book  is  the  impartiality  of  its 
political  tone  and  its  high  moral  feeling." — Lon.  Examiner. 

Gray,  Henry,  Lect.  on  Anat.  at  St.  George's  Hospital. 

1.  Structure   and  Use  of  the  Spleen,  Lon.,  1854,  p.   8vo, 

2.  Anatomy,  Descript.  and  Surgical,  1858,  r.  8vo,  pp.  782. 
Gray,  Horace,  Jr.     Reports  of  Cases  argued  and 

determined  in  the  Supreme  Judicial  Ct.  of  Massachusetts, 
1854  ;  Bost,,  1855-56,  2  vols.  8vo.  Mr.  Gray  is  the  suc- 
cessor, as  reporter,  to  Judge  Gushing.  2.  Supp.  to  Revised 
Statutes  of  Mass.,  1855,  vol.  ii.,  1855,  r.  Svo.  See  CoSH- 
ING,  Luther  Stearns. 

Gray,  Hugh.  Letters  from  Canada,  1806-08,  Lon., 
1809,  '14,  Svo. 

Gray,  J.  T.  1.  Exercises  in  Logic,  designed  for  the 
use  of  Students  in  Colleges,  Lon.,  1845,  12mo. 

"Admirably  adapted  to  be  used  as  a  class-book,  accompanied  by 


GRA 


GRA 


the  instructions  of  an  able  teacher.  The  eicample-s  are  mimerons 
and  well  chosen.  We  think  such  a  work  as  this  was  much  wanted. 
The  plan  and  general  execution  are  excellent."' — Lon.  Eclectic 
Review. 

2.  Immortality  :  its  Real  and  Alleged  Evidences ;  2d  ed., 
184S,  Svo. 

'■We  read  this  work  before;  we  have  re-perused  it  now  with  a 
high  Sense  of  its  ability." — Lon.  Evangelical  0iristendoin. 

Gray,  James.     Measures  of  Scotland  compared  with 
those  of  England  :  Ess.  Phys.  and  Lit.,  1754. 
Gray,  James.     Selecta  Latine,  Edin.,  12mo. 

"We  consider  this  to  be  a  most  useful  and  valuable  compila- 
tion, and  have  no  hesitation  in  recommending  it  very  highly  to 
Teachers." — Lit.  and  Statistical  M-ig. 

Gray,  James.  Introduction  to  Arithmetic ;  58th  ed., 
Lon.,  1850,  8vo. 

Gray,  James  A,,  Rector  of  Dibden,  Hants.  The 
Earth's  Antiquity  in  Harmony  with  the  Mosaic  Record 
of  Creation,  Lon.,  1849,  '51,  sm.  Svo. 

Gray,  Mrs.  James.  -  See  Browne,  Mary  Anne. 

Gray,  Mrs.  Jane  !«.,  b.  about  1800,  is  a  daughter 
of  Wm.  Lewers,  Esq.,  of  Castle  Blayney,  Ireland,  (of 
which  town  Mrs.  G.  is  a  native.)  and  the  wife  of  the  Rev. 
John  Gray,  D.D.,  pastor  of  the  First  Presbyterian  Church 
in  Easton,  Pennsylvania.  Her  poems,  entitled  Sabbath 
Reminiscences,  Two  Hundred  Years  Ago,  and  Morn — in 
imitation  of  Night,  by  James  Montgomery — are  among 
the  l^est  specimens  of  modern  poetical  composition.  See 
Gris^old's  Female  Poets  of  America. 

Gray,  John.  1.  Gunnery,  Lon.,  1731,  Svo.  2.  Peru- 
vian or  Jesuits'  Bark;   Phil.  Trans.,  1737. 

Gray,  John.  1.  Land  Measuring,  Glasg.,  1757,  '59, 
Svo.     2.  Inland  Navigations,  Lon.,  1768,  Svo. 

Gray,  John.  1.  Poems,  Lon.,  1770,  Svo.  2.  Poems, 
trans,  and  original,  Dundee,  1778,  Svo. 

Gray,  John.  Dr,  Price  on  Civil  Liberty,  Lon., 
1777,  Svo. 

"  While  we  allow  his  merit  as  a  politician,  we  must  condemn 
his  asperitv." — Lnn.  M-mth.  Eev. 

Gray,"  John,  LL.D.  Political  treatises,  Lon.,  1800,  '02. 

Gray,  John.  Preservation  of  the  Teeth,  Lon., 1842, ISmo. 

"  Interesting  and  useful  to  every  medical  practitioner,  the  heads 
of  families,  and  those  who  have  the  care  of  children." 

Gray,  John*  1.  The  Social  System  ;  a  Treat,  on  the 
Principle  of  Exchange,  Lon..  Svo.  2.  Lects.  on  the  Nature 
and  Use  of  Money,  1848,  Svo. 

"  With  the  view  of  endeavouring  to  stimulate,  in  however  slight 
a  degree,  the  existing  spirit  of  inquiry  into  the  validity  of  the 
Monetary  System  of  this  Country,  the  Author  of  these  Lectures 
will  give  a  Piemium  of  one  hundred  guineas  to  whomsoever  shall 
be  able  to  produce  the  Best  Reply  to,  and  .before  a  Competent  and 
Impartial  Tribunal  to  Refute,  his  Arguments." — Advertiseviad. 

Here  is  a  rare  opportunity  for  political  economists  :  we 
believe  that  the  prize  is  still  open  for  competition. 

Gray,  John.  1.  Country  Attorney's  Practice,  &c. ; 
6th  ed..  Lon.,  1S45.  12mo.  2.  Country  Solicitor's  Prac- 
tice; 4th  ed.,  1845.  12mo.     1  Jurist,  314;  3  Leg.  Obs.,  501. 

Gray,  John  C.  An  Oration  pronounced  before  the 
Society  of  Phi  Beta  Kappa  at  Cambridge.  August  30.  1821. 
Subject — The  Present  Condition  and  Prospects  of  Ameri- 
can Literature.     See  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  xiii.  478—490.  1821. 

Gray,  John  Edward,  Ph.D.,  head  of  the  Nat.  Hist, 
department  of  the  Brit.  Museum.  2d  ed.  of  Turton's  Land 
and  Fresh-Water  Shells  of  the  Brit.  Islands,  Lon.,  1849, 
p.  Svo.  Mr.  G.  was  associate  editor  (with  John  Richard- 
son, M.D.)  of  the  Zoology  of  the  Voyage  of  H.M.  Ships 
Erebus  and  Terror.  1839-43,  1844.  r.  4to,  and  wrote  Pt.  1 
of  the  Zoology  of  H.M.  Ship  Sulphur,  1843-45,  r.  4to. 
For  a  list  of  his  scientific  papers,  memoirs,  &c., — about  500 
in  number. — we  refer  to  the  Bibliog.  of  Zoology  and  Geo- 
logy.    See  also  Eng.  Cyc,  Biog.,  vol.  iii.,  1856,  175. 

Gray,  John  H.     Theolog.  treatises,  Lon.,  1842,  &c. 

Grav,  Jonathan.  Hist,  of  the  York  Lunatic  Asylum, 
York.  1814,  Svo. 

Gray,  Nicholas.     See  Grey. 

Gray,  Robert,  D.B.,  1762-1834,  a  native  of  London, 
educated  at  Eton  and  St.  Mary  Hall,  Oxford,  became 
Vicar  of  Farringdon,  Berkshire ;  Rector  of  Craike,  York- 
shire, 1802;  removed  by  Bishop  Earrington  to  the  living 
of  Bishop  Wearmouth,  Durham;  Preb.  of  Durham,  1804; 
Bishop  of  Bristol,  1S27.  His  principal  works  are  the 
following:  1.  Key  to  the  Old  Test,  and  tbe  Apocrypha, 
Lon.,  1790,  Svo  ;  9th  ed.,  Lon..  1829.  Svo.  Much  enlarged 
and  improved.  10th  ed.,  with  Percy's  Key  to  the  N.  Test., 
1841.  Svo.  Pub.  by  Rivington,  Lon.  This  is  a  correct 
edition.  There  is  an  ed.  in  print  without  the  author's 
last  additions. 

"This  is  a  very  convenient  and  useful  book,  combining  a  large 
portion  of  valuable  information  and  discriminative  learnin<;.  It 
was  desij,aied  as  a  companion  to  Percy's  Key  to  the  \ew  Testa- 
ment, but  is  much  fuller  than  that  work.    Both  are  likely  to  be 


superseded  by  the  more  extensive  work  of  Mr.  ITartwell  Home." — 
Ormt's  Bill.  Bib,     See  IIorne,  Thomas  Hartwell,  D.D. 

"Dr.  Gray  has  dili;;ently  consulted  and  brought  together  a 
great  mass  of  information  from  the  writings  of  the  fathers,  (he 
antient  ecclesiastical  historians,  and  oriji;inal  authorities  which 
are  not  accessible  to  the  generality  of  students.  Bp.  Mant  and 
Dr.  D'Oyley  have  liberally  availed  themselves  of  Dr.  G.'s  researches 
in  their  commentary  on  the  Holy  Scriptures." — Home's  BibL  Bib. 

See  Bishop  Marsh's  Lectures  on  Divinity. 

2.  Letters  written  during  a  Tour  through  Germany, 
Switzerland,  and  Italy  in  1791-92,  1794,  Svo.  3.  Ten 
Discourses  on  Various  Subjects,  illustrative  of  the  Evi- 
dence, Influence,  and  Doctrines  of  Christianity,  1793, 
Svo. 

"  Some  of  the  subjects  here  selected  by  the  author  are  among 
those  which  appear  to  him  to  have  been  less  fref|Uently  consi- 
dered, under  this  form,  than  their  importance  merits." — Pre/ace. 

"Mr.  Gray  has  well  supported  the  previous  fame  acquired  by 
his  Key  to  the  Old  Testament,  and  has  ably  elucidated  some  diffi- 
cult points,  particularly  the  much-controverted  doctrine  of  the 
Millennium." — British  Critic. 

4.  Connexion  between  the  Sacred  Writings  and  the 
Literature  of  the  Jewish  and  Heathen  Authors,  <tc., 
1816,  '19,  Svo. 

"  This  is  a  work  of  a  much  higher  order  than  the  former,  dis- 
covering profound  and  elegant  learning,  and  considerable  talents 
for  elucidating  the  minute  and  obscure  allusions  both  of  sacred 
and  proCine  literature." — Orme's  Bihl.  Bib. 

"Indispensably  necessary  to  the  biblical  student  who  cannot 
command  access  to  all  the  classic  authors." — H'lrnf^s  Bihl.  Brit. 

An  Analysis  of  the  Connexion  will  be  found  in  the 
British  Critic,  N.  S.,  xiii.  316. 

5.  Josiah  and  Cyrus  the  two  great  objects  of  Divine 
Notice  in  the  Scheme  of  Revelation.  1833,  I2mo. 

Gray,  S.  The  Happiness  of  States;  or,  An  Inquiry 
concerning  Population,  &q.,  1S15,  4to.     Other  works. 

Gray,  Samuel  Frederick.  1.  Arrangement  of  Brit. 
Plants,  1821,  2  vols.  Svo.  2.  Elements  of  Pharmacy  and 
Materia  Medica,  Svo.  3.  Operative  Chemist,  1S23,  Svo, 
4.  Supplement  to  the  Pharmacopoeia,  by  Redwood,  1847, 
Svo;  2d  ed.,  1848. 

"  This  is  a  work  of  great  and  general  utility.  To  the  practitioner 
and  retail  druggist  it  must  prove  extremely  useful;  indeed,  to 
them  it  is  almost  indispensable." — Lon.  Med.  Repositorij. 

Gray,  Stephen.  Con.  on  Astronomy  and  Nat.  Philos. 
to  Phil.  Trans.,  1696,  ^99,  1701,  '03,  '20,  '31,  '32,  '35. 

Gray,  Thomas.     See  Guey. 

Gray,  Thomas,  Dec.  26,  1716-July  30,  1771,  the 
celebrated  author  of  the  Elegy  written  in  a  Country 
Church-yard,  was  a  native  of  Cornhill,  London,  in  which 
city  his  father  followed  the  occupation  of  a  money- 
scrivener.  The  latter  was  a  man  of  violent  passions  and 
brutal  manners,  and  it  was  to  his  excellent  mother  that 
the  future  poet  was  indebted  for  those  opportunities  of 
education  which  he  enjoyed,  first  at  Eton  School,  and 
subsequently  (1734-38)  at  Peter-house,  Cambridge.  In 
173S  he  returned  to  London,  with  the  intention  of  pursu- 
ing the  study  of  the  law.  He  was  soon  discouraged,  how- 
ever, by  the  diflBculties  of  the  preliminary  branches,  and 
not  unwilling  to  accede  to  his  friend  Horace  Walpole's 
request  to  accompany  him  on  a  tour  on  the  continent. 
"In  the  study  of  the  law,"  says  Gray  in  a  letter  to  West, 
"the  labour  is  long,  and  the  elements  dry  and  uninterest- 
ing; nor  was  there  ever  anybody  {especially  those  that 
aftericards  made  a  figure  in  it)  amused,  or  even  not  dis- 
gusted, at  the  beginning."  In  such  a  frame  of  mind,  the 
invitalion  to  visit  the  classic  land  of  Italy,  in  company 
with  the  lively  Horace,  must  have  been  received  with  no 
little  delight. 

In  the  spring  of  1739  the  travellers  left  London,  and 
continued  together  until  1741,  when  they  parted  at  Reg- 
gio,  after  many  unhappy  disputes,  for  which  Walpolc, 
according  to  his  own  confession,  was  most  to  blame.  At 
a  later  period  of  life  their  friendly  relations  were  renewed 
in  consequence  of  Walpole's  amicable  overtures,  which 
were  received  in  a  proper  spirit  by  the  poet. 

In  September.  1741,  Gray  returned  to  London,  and  in 
1742  took  his  degree  at  Cambridge  of  Bachelor  of  Civil 
Law.  His  father  was  now  dead,  and  he  resolved  to  settle 
permanently  at  Cambridge;  and.  with  the  exception  of 
occasional  trips  to  Wales,  Scotland,  and  the  Lakes  of 
Westmoreland,  and  a  three  years'  residence  in  London,  for 
convenience  of  access  to  the  British  Museum,  be  resided 
in  this  place  for  the  balance  of  his  life.  In  1756,  in  con- 
sequence of  the  annoyance  which  he  experienced  from  the 
"rudeness  and  boisterous  practical  jokes  of  some  riotous 
young  men  in  the  same  college  building,"  he  removed 
from  Peter-house,  which  was  endeared  by  the  acquaint- 
ance of  more  than  twenty  years,  to  Pembroke-hall,  where 
now  resided  some  of  his  intimate  friends.  In  1757  he 
declined    the    office   of    Poet-Laureate,  vacated    by  the 

726 


GRA 

death  of  Gibber.  In  1762  he  made  on  unsuccessful  appli- 
cation for  the  profcFsorahip  of  Morlern  History  at  Cam- 
bridge, worth  £400  per  annum;  but  this  post  was  con- 
ferred upon  him  by  the  Duke  of  Grafton  in  1768.  For 
this  act  of  kindness  his  Grace  was  rewarded  by  Gniy's 
Ode  on  the  Installation  of  the  Duke  of  Grafton  to  the 
Chancellorship  of  the  University  of  Cambridge,  to  which 
he  was  elected  in  1709.  The  duties  of  his  professorship 
were  practically  neglected  by  the  new  incumbent,  although 
he  taught  the  languages  by  proxy,  and  contemplated  the 
delivery  of  a  course  of  lectures,  the  preparation  of  which 
was  cut  short  by  his  death.  On  the  24th  of  July,  1771, 
while  at  dinner  in  the  college-hall,  he  was  seized  with 
gout  in  the  stomach,  which  proved  fatal  on  the  evening 
of  the  30th  of  the  same  month. 

A  detailed  account  of  the  literary  life  and  literary  dreams 
of  this  ripe  scholar  and  estimable  man — his  warm  friend- 
ships, his  embarrassing  sensitiveness,  and  the  magnificent 
visions  of  immortal  labours  which  hannted  his  mind  but 
never  saw  the  light — will  not  be  expected  in  the  narrow 
limits  to  which  we  are  confined.  In  the  biographies  of 
Johnson,  Mathias,  Chalmers,  Mason,  Mitford,  and  of  Henry 
B,eed, — prefixed  to  his  edit,  of  the  Poems  of  Gray  pub.  by 
Henry  C.  Baird.  Pbila.,  1850,  12rao, — and  in  the  letters, 
Ac.  of  Walpole,  Nicholls,  Forbes,  Boswell.  Bowles,  Beattie, 
and  other  notices  of  the  men  of  the  times  in  which  the  poet 
lived,  will  be  found  sufficient  to  gratify  the  curiosity  and 
delight  of  the  most  enthusiastic  of  his  admirers. 

It  now  becomes  our  duty  to  lay  before  the  reader  the 
opinions  of  a  number  of  eminent  critics  upon  the  merits 
of  the  principal  productions  of  an  author  who  must  always 
occupy  an  exalted  rank  among  the  greater  poets  of  Eng- 
land. 

1.  Ode  on  a  Distant  Prospect  of  Eton  College.  Written 
in  1742;  pub.  in  1747,  fol. 

'•The  Ode  on  a  Dist,int  Prospect  of  Eton  College  is  more  me- 
chanical and  comuionplace  [tban  the  Elegy  in  a  Countiy  Church- 
yard]; but  it  touches  on  certain  strings  about  the  heart,  that 
vibrate  in  unison  with  it  to  our  latest  breath.  No  one  ever  passes 
by  "Windsor's  'stately  heights,'  or  sees  the  distant  spires  ot  Eton 
College  below,  without  tliiukiug  of  Gray.  He  deservi'S  that  we 
Bhould  think  of  him;  for  he  thought  of  others,  aud  turned  a 
trembling,  ever- watchful  ear  to '  the  still  sad  music  of  humanity.' " 
—Ilazlitt's  Lectures  on  the  Eng.  Pcets. 

Of  Dr.  Johnson's  comments  on  this  Ode  it  is  enough  to 
quote  the  first  six  lines  as  a  specimen  of  the  hypercriticism 
in  which  this  great  writer  sometimes  unwarrantably  in- 
dulges : 

"  The  Prospect  of  Eton  College  suggests  nothing  to  Gray  which 
every  other  beholder  does  not  equally  think  and  feel.  His  suppli- 
cation to  Father  Thames,  to  tell  him  who  drives  the  hoop  or  tosses 
the  ball,  is  useless  and  puerile.  Father  Thames  has  no  better 
means  of  knowing  than  himself — Life  of  Gray. 

This  undignified  sneer  has  been  well  rebuked  by  Mr. 
Mitford  : 

*'  Are  we  by  this  rule  of  criticism  to  judge  the  following  passage 
in  the  twentieth  chapter  of  Rasselas?  'As  they  were  sitting;  to- 
gether, the  princess  cast  her  eyes  ou  the  river  that  flowed  before 
her:  *■  Answer,"'  said  she.  "great  Fatherof  Waters,  thou  thatrollest 
thy  floods  through  eighty  nations,  to  the  invocation  of  the  daughter 
of  thy  native  King.  Tell  me.  if  thou  waterest.  through  all  thy 
course,  a  single  habitation  from  which  thou  dost  not  hear  the  mur- 
murs of  complaint?" ' " 

This  is  an  admirable  specimen  of  the  arf/nmeutitm  ad 
Jiomhiem.  But,  if  Dr.  Johnson  has  unduly  appreciated  this 
Ode,  a  later  authority,  of  no  contemptible  rank,  has  per- 
haps greatly  overrated  it: 

"Gray  has.  in  his  ode  on  Eton  College,  whether  we  consider  the 
sweetness  of  the  versification  or  its  delicious  train  of  plaintive  ten- 
derness, rivalled  every  lyric  effort  of  ancient  or  modern  times." — 
Dr.  Drake:  Literary  Hours. 

2.  Ode  on  Spring.     Written  in  1742. 
"  His  ode  On  Spring  has  something  poetical,  both  in  the  language 

and  the  thought;  but  the  language  is  too  luxuriant,  aud  the 
thoughts  have  nothing  new." — Dr.  Johnson  :  Life  of  Gray. 

3.  Hymn  to  Adversity.     Written  in  1742. 
"The  hint  was  at  first  taken  from  '0  Diva,  gratum  qnie  regis 

Antium;'  but  Gray  has  excelled  his  original  by  the  variety  of  his 
sentiments,  and  by  their  moral  application.  Of  this  piece,  at  once 
poetical  and  rational,  I  will  not,  by  slight  objections,  violate  the 
dignity." — Dr.  Johnson  :  Lift;  of  Gray. 

4.  Elegy  written  in  a  Country  Church-yard.  Commenced 
in  1742,  revised  from  time  to  time,  and  completed  in  1749; 
pub.  by  Dodsley  in  Feb.  1751.  There  is  a  tradition  that 
the  Elegy  was  composed  in  the  "precincts  of  the  Church 
of  Granchester,  about  two  miles  from  Cambridge  ;  and  the 
curfew  is  supposed  to  have  been  the  great  bell  of  St. 
Mary's." 

The  popularity  of  this  exquisite  composition  was  imme- 
diate and  extensive.  Grjiy  himself  tells  the  story  in  a 
note  on  the  margin  of  a  manuscript  copy  of  the  Elegy 
preserved  at  Cambridge  among  the  poet's  papers : 

"Published  in  Feb.  17&1,  by  Dodsley,  aud  went  thro'  four  edi- 
726 


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tions  in  two  months;  and  afterwards  a  5th.  6th,  7th.  aud  8th.  9tb, 
lOth.and  11th;  printed  also  in  1753  with  Mr.  Bent  ley's  Designs,  of 
wiiieb  there  is  a  lid  edition,  and  again  by  Dodsley  in  his  Miscellany, 
vol.  iv.,  aod  in  a  ifcotch  collection  call'd  the  l/nirm,  translated  into 
Latin  by  Chr.  Austey,  Esq.,  and  the  Kev.  Mr.  Roberts,  and  pub- 
lished in  176J ;  and  again  in  the  same  year  by  Rob.  Lloyd,  M.A." 
The  reader  is,  of  course,  an  ardent  admirer  of  the  Elegy, 
and  therefore  will  not  be  displeased  to  read  the  enthusiastic 
encomiums  which  have  been  lavished  upon  it  by  critica 
who  have  earned  a  right  to  be  heard  with  respect: 

"It  is  a  poem  which  is  universally  understood  and  admired; 
not  only  for  its  poetical  beauties,  but  also,  and  perhaps  chietly,  for 
its  expressing  sentiments  in  which  every  man  thinks  himself  in- 
terested, and  which  at  certain  times  are  familiar  to  all  men." — 
Dr.  Beattie. 

"  Had  Gray  written  nothing  but  his  Elegy,  high  as  he  stands,! 
am  not  sure  that  he  would  not  stand  higher;  it  is  the  corner-stone 
of  his  glory. . . .  Gray's  Elegy  pleased  instantly  and  eternally." — 
Lord  Bvron. 

The  eulogy  of  General  Wolfe  is  almost  too  well  known 
to  bear  repetition.  The  night  before  the  attack  on  Quebec, 
in  which  he  lost  his  life,  he  declared  to  his  fellow-soldiers — 
"Now,  gentlemen,  I  would  rather  be  the  author  of  that 
poem  than  take  Quebec." 

"I  know  not  what  there  is  of  spell  in  the  following  simple  line: 
'The  rude  forefathers  of  the  hamlet  sleep;' 
but  no  frequency  of  repetition  can  exhaust  its  touching  charm. 
This  fine  poem  overcame  even  the  spiteful  enmity  of  Johnson, 
and  forced  him  to  acknowledge  its  excellence." — HiR  S.  Eglrton 
BftYEiGES:  Imaginative  BingriipJiy. 

The  remark — "spiteful  enmity  of  Johnson" — is  in  very 
bad  taste,  and  moreover  very  unjust;  l)ut  Sir  Egerton  was 
not  the  most  amiable  of  mortals.  Johnson's  commendation 
of  the  Elegy  is  hearty,  enthusiastic,  and  gladly  accorded: 
"In  the  character  of  his  Elegy  I  rejoice  to  concur  with  the  com- 
mon jeader;  for  by  the  common  sense  of  readeis.  uncorrupted  with 
literary  prejudices,  after  all  the  refinements  of  sublility  and  the 
dogmatism  of  learning,  must  be  finally  decided  all  claim  to  poetical 
honours.  The  Church-yard  abounds  with  images  which  find  a 
mirror  in  every  mind,  and  with  sentiments  tu  which  every  bosom 
returns  an  echo.  The  four  stanzas  beginning  'yet  even  these 
bones,'  are  to  me  original:  I  have  never  seen  the  notions  in  any 
other  place;  yet  he  that  reads  them  here  persuades  himself  that 
he  has  always  felt  them.  Had  Gray  written  often  thus,  it  had 
been  vain  to  blame  aud  useless  to  praise  him." — Life  nf  Gray. 

Yet  there  is  much  truth  in  the  remark  of  a  modern  critic* 
that  the  Elegy  owes  its  popularity  not  altogether  to  "  the 
strain  of  thought:" 

"There  is  a  charm  in  metre,  as  there  is  in  music;  it  is  of  the 
same  kind,  though  the  relation  may  be  remote;  and  it  differs  less 
in  degree,  perhaps,  than  one  who  has  not  an  ear  for  poetry  can  be- 
lieve. .  .  .  Gray's  Elegy  owes  much  of  its  popularity  to  its  strain  of 
verse:  the  strain  of  thought  alone,  natural  and  touching  as  it  is, 
would  never  have  impressed  it  upon  the  hearts  of  thousands  and 
tens  of  thousands,  unless  the  diction  and  metre  in  which  it  was 
embodied  had  been  perfectly  in  unison  with  it.  Beattie  ascribed 
its  geneial  reception  t<i  both  causes,  [see  above.]  .  .  .  \eilher  cjiuse 
would  have  sufficed  for  producing  .so  general  and  extensive  and 
permanent  an  effect,  unless  the  poem  had  been,  in  the  full  import 
of  the  word,  harmonious." — Sintt}iey''s  Life  of  Cowpa: 

"Gray's  Pindaric  Odes  are,  I  believe,  generally  given  up  at  pre- 
sent, [not  so;]  they  are  stately  and  pedanlic;  a  kind  of  methodical 
borrowed  phrensy.  But  1  cannot  so  easily  give  up.  nor  will  the 
world  be  in  any  haste  to  part  with,  his  Elegy  in  a  Country  Church- 
yard; it  is  one  of  the  most  claasi'^al  productions  that  ever  was 
penned  by  a  refined  and  thoughtful  mind  moralizing  on  human 
life.  Mr.  Coleridge  (in  his  Literary  Life)  .says  that  his  friend  Mr. 
Wordsworth  had  undertaken  to  show  that  the  language  of  the 
Elegy  is  unintelligible:  it  has,  however,  been  understood!" — 
HaditVs  Lectures  on  the  English  I'nffs. 

"  Of  smaller  poems,  the  Elegy  of  Gray  may  be  considered  as  the 
most  exquisite  and  finished  example  in  the  world  of  the  effect 
resulting  from  the  intermixture  of  evening  scenery  and  pathetic 
reflection." — Drake''s  Literary  Hours. 

This  is  a  specimen  of  the  censurable  extravagance  of 
which  enthusiasm  is  so  often  guilty.  Had  Mr.  Drake 
read  all  the  poetry  of  this  species  "  in  the  world  ?"  and,  if 
so,  (of  course  an  impossibility,)  did  his  memory  retain 
it  with  such  faithfulness  as  to  enable  him  to  make  the 
comparison  with  the  results  of  wliich  he  favours  us? 

In  a  similar  strain  of  hyperbole,  Mr,  Mathias  assures 
us  that,  as  a  poet.  Gray  is  "second  to  none." 

Such  exaggeration  is  in  very  bad  taste.  We  shall  see, 
before  we  have  done  with  our  examination  of  Gray's 
poetry,  that  this  is  not  the  only  instance  in  which  Mr. 
Mathias's  enthusiasm  has  caused  the  critic  to  degenerate 
into  the  rhapsodist. 

An  interesting  subject  connected  with  the  Elegy  is  the 
number  of  translations  of  it  which  have  been  made  in 
various  languages.  And  here  we  cannot  do  better  than 
quote  an  extract  from  the  biography  of  Gray — already 
referred  to — by  our  valued  and  lamented  friend,  the  late 
Professor  Henry  Reed: 

"One  peculiar  and  remarkable  tribute  to  the  merit  of  The 
Elegy  is  to  bo  noticed  in  the  great  number  of  translations  which 
have  been  made  of  it  info  vaiious  languages,  both  of  ancient  and 
modern  Europe.  It  is  the  same  kind  of  tribute  which  has  been 
rendered  to  *  Kobinsou  Crusoe'  aud  to  '  The  Pilgrim's  Progress,' 


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and  is  proof  of  the  same  universality  of  interest,  transcending 
the  limits  of  language  and  of  race.  To  no  poem  in  thn  English 
language  has  the  same  kind  of  homage  been  paid  so  abundantly. 
Of  what  other  poem  is  there  a  polyglott  edition?  Italy  aud  Eng- 
land have  competed  with  their  polyglott  editions  of  *  The  Elegy  : 
Torri's,  bearing  the  title,  '  Elegia  di  Tomasso  Gray  sopra  un  Cimi- 
tero  di  Campagna,  tradotta  dell  Inglese  in  piii  liugue.  Verona, 
1817;    Livoruo,  1843;'  and  Van  Voorst's  London  edition. 

"■The  fullowiug  Hat  of  the  translations  will  perhaps  best  illus- 
trate this  unwonted  tribute  to  a  poet's  genius: 

"I{ebreio,hy  G.  Venturi,  an  eminent  Italian  Oriental  scholar, 
•who  in  his  version  limited  himself  to  use  of  words,  and,  as  far  as 
possible,  phrases,  found  in  the  Old  Testament. 

'^Gredc,  by  Professor  Cooke,  Cambridge,  1775  ;  Dr.  Norbury,  Eton, 
1793;  Bishop  Sparke,  London,  1794;  Dr.  Coote,  London,  1794;  Ste- 
phen Weston,  London,  1794;  Edward  Tew,  London,  1795;  and 
the  Epitaph  alone,  by  J.  Plumtree,  1795;  and  the  Elegy  by 
Cyprian  io. 

•■^Latin,  by  Robert  Lloyd,  1762;  "W.  H.  Roberts,  Cambridge, 
1762.  and  London,  1778;  Signor  Gio.  Costa.  Padua,  1772;  Gilbert 
Wakefield.  Cambridge,  1776;  Christopher  Anstey,  London,  1778; 
Anonymous, Cambridge;  S.  N.  E..  London,  1S24  ;  W.  Ililyard ;  J. 
H.  Macauley.  in  the  '  Arundines  Cami ;'  G.  F.  Rarbieri ;  Ben  del 
Bene;  G.  Venturi. 

'•Italian,  by  M.  Cesarotti,  Padua,  1772;  G.  Gennari,  Padua, 
1772;  Dr- Giannini,  London,  17S2;  G.  Torelli,  Verona,  1776;  D. 
Trant.  (prose;)  M.  Lastri;  A.  Buttura;  P.  Baraldi ;  M.  Castellazi ; 
Elisabetta  Sesler  RonO.  (prose;)  M.  Leoni;  L.  Mancini;  Cavaz- 
zoca  B.  Gregori,  Rome,  1821. 
^^Fortuguesc,  by  Boulai-d. 

^'French,  bv  De  Berch&re,  Hookham,  1778 ;  L.  D.  Chatham,  1806 ; 
Anonymous,"( prose,)  Paris, '  an  vi. ;'  LeTourneur,  Dubois,  Cabanis, 
Ch^nier,  Fayolle,  Kerivalant,  Gr^nus,  Charrin,  Le  Mi^rre,  Vil- 
leneuve,  Eoutanes,  Chateaubriand. 

'■'German,  by  Gotter,  Gotha,  1788;  Seume,  Riga,  1801;  Kose- 
garteu.  1798;  Mason;  MUller;  Ruphrecht. 

"  This  list  is  compiled  from  several  authorities,  but  chiefly  from 
an  arti.le  selected  from  a  German  miscellany  for  'The  Literary 
World,'  New  York.  Oct.  1849;  and  from  several  communications 
to  that  novel  and  useful  periodical,  '  Notes  and  Queries,'  London, 
1850." 

An  interesting  account  of  the  sale  of  the  Libr.ary  of 
Gray  (27th  Nov.,  1845)  will  be  found  in  the  Gentleman's 
Magazine  for  January,  1S46,  29-33.  From  another 
authority  we  quote  a  graphic  description  of  the  sale  of 
the  original  mauu.-^cript  of  the  Elegy  : 

"The  origiu.al  manuscript  of  Gray's  Elegy  was  lately  sold  at 
auction  in  London.  There  was  really  '  a  scene'  in  the  auction- 
room.  Imagine  a  stranger  entering  in  the  midst  of  a  sale  of  some 
rusty-looking  old  ixioks.  The  auctioneer  produces  hvo  svtaU  half- 
sheets  of  paper,  written  over,  torn,  and  mutilated.  lie  calls  it  '  a 
most  interesting  article,'  and  apologizes  for  its  condition.  Picker- 
ing bids  ten  pounds!  Rodd,  Eoss.  Thorpe,  Bohn.  Ilolloway,  and 
some  few  amateurs  quietly  remark,  twelve,  fifteen,  twenty,  twenty- 
five,  thirty,  and  so  on,  till  there  is  a  pause  at  sixty-three  pounds! 
The  hammer  strikes.  *  Hold !'  says  Mr.  Foss.  '  It  is  mme,'  says 
the  amateur.  'No,  I  bid  sixty-five  in  time.'  'Then  I  bid  seventy.' 
*  Seventy- five,'  says  Mr.  Foss;  and  fives  are  repeated  again,  until 
the  two  "bits  of  paper  are  knocked  down,  amidst  a  general  cheer,  to 
Payne  &  Foss,  for  one  hundred  pounds  sterling!  On  these  bits  of 
paper  are  written  the  first  drafts  of  the  Elegy  in  a  Country  Church- 
yard, by  Thomas  Gray,  including  five  verses  which  were  omitted 
in  publication,  and  with  the  poet's  interlinear  corrections  and 
alterations,— certainly  an  'interesting  article;'  .'several  persons 
supposed  it  would  call  for  a  ten-pound  note,  perhaps  even  twenty. 
A  single  volume,  with  '  W.  Shakspeare'  in  the  tiy-leaf.  produced, 
sixty  years  ago,  a  hundred  guineas;  but  probably,  with  that  ex- 
ception, no  mere  autograph,  and  no  single  sheet  of  paper,  ever 
produced  the  sum  of  fve  hundred  dtMars!" 

The  purchaser  of  this  precious  MS.  was  Mr.  Penn,  of 
Stoke  Pogis,  who  also  purchased  the  MS.  of  The  Long 
Story,  for  £45.  The  MS.  of  the  Elegy  was  sold  in  Au- 
gust, 1854,  to  Mr.  Wrightson,  of  Birmingham,  for  £131. 
See  Gent.  Mag.  for  Sept.  1^54,  272.  At  this  sale  the  en- 
tire collection  of  Gray  MSS.  sold  for  £418  7«.  See  also 
the  London  Athenceum,  1854,  941,  6yi3. 

5.  The  Alliance  of  Education  and  Government:  an  un- 
finished ethical  poem  of  107  lines;  commenced  in  1748. 
The  first  fifty-seven  lines  of  this  poem  were  transmitted 
by  Gray  to  Dr.  AVharton  : 

"I  fill  my  paper  with  the  beginning  of  an  essay;  what  name  to 
give  it  I  know  not;  but  the  subject  is  the  Alliance  of  Education 
and  Government:  I  mean  to  show  that  they  must  both  concur 
to  produce  great  and  useful  men." 

Of  this  poem  Dr.  Johnson  remarks 

"The  fragments  which  remain  have  many  excellent  lines." — 
Life  of  Gray. 

But  these  "excellent  lines"  elicited  a  warmer  com- 
mendation from  the  historian  of  the  Decline  and  Fall  of 
the  Roman  Empire : 

"  Instead  of  couipiling  tables  of  chronology  and  natural  history, 
why  did  not  Mr.  Gray  apply  the  powers  of  his  genius  to  finish  the 
philosophic  poem  of  which  he  has  left  such  an  exquisite  speci- 
men?"' 

Mr.  Nicholls  put  the  same  question  to  Gray  himself, 
and  the  poet  gave  a  prompt  and  frank  response  to  the 
query:  see  NichuUs's  Reminiscences  of  Gray. 

6.  Ode  to  Vicissitude.  The  fragment  to  which  this  title 
was  given  was  written  in  1754. 

"  Sir  Egerton  Bi-ydges,  through  whose  multifarious  works  there 


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is  scattered  much  fine  appreciation  of  both  the  strength  and  the 
weakness  of  Gray's  character,  has  spoken  of  this  poem  as  the 
'sublime  lyrical  fragment  on  Vicissitude,'  '  in  which'  (he  adds)  'I 
do  not  hesitate  to  pronounce  the  following  stanza  among  the  most 
perfect  specimens  which  the  poetry  of  any  country  can  produce  : 
'Yesterday  the  sullen  year 

Saw  the  snowy  whirlwind  fiy; 
Mute  was  the  music  of  the  air; 
The  herd  stood  drooping  by  : 
Their  raptures  now  that  wildly  flow, 
No  yesterday  nor  morrow  know  ; 
'Tisman  alone  that  jny  descries 
With  forward  aud  reverted  eyes.'  *' 

Henry  IU-ed:  Memoir  of  Gray. 
7.  The  Progress  of  Poesy  :   a  Pindaric  Ode.    Completed 
in  1755.     8.  The  Bard  ;  a  Pindaric  Ode.     Commenced  in 
1755.     Both  7  and  S  were  printed  at  the  Strawberry-Hill 
Press,  by  Horace  Walpole,  in  1757,  4to. 

"1  found  Gray  in  town  last  week.  He  brought  his  two  odes  to 
be  printed.  I  s'natched  them  out  of  Dodsley's  hands,  and  they 
are  to  be  the  first-fruits  of  my  press."— Walpole. 

The  Pindaric  Odes  were  not  popular:  they  were  neg- 
lected by  the  public  and  laughed  at  by  the  wits,— nay, 
openly  burlesqued  by  George  Culman  the  elder,  and 
Robert  Lloyd,  in  the  odes  To  Obscurity  aud  To  Oblivion,— 
the  first  intended  for  Gray  and  the  second  for  Mason  : 

"  Little  did  the  two  wits  think  how  .small,  in  comparison  with 
Gray,  they  would  appear  in  the  eyes  of  posterity;  and  that  The 
Bard,  which  was  then  neglected  by  the  public,  would,  in  the 
course  of  the  next  generation,  become  the  most  popular  ode  in  the 
English  language."— SouTHEY  ;  Lifeof  Comper. 

But  Culman,  in  his  Miscellaneous  Works,  pub.  in  1787, 
amply  vindicates  Lloyd  and  himself  against  the  charge 
of  ill-nature. 

The  best  proof  of  their  want  of  adaptation  to  the  publio 
comprehension  and  taste  is  the  fact  of  their  general  neglect. 
Dr.  Johnson  describes  them  as 

"  Two  compositions  at  which  the  readers  of  poetry  were  at  first 
content  to  gaze  in  mute  amazement.  Some  that  tried  them  con- 
fessed their  inability  to  understand  them,  though  Warburton 
said  that  they  were  understood  as  well  as  the  works  of  Milton  and 
Shakspeare,  which  it  is  the  fashion  to  admire.  Garrick  wrote  a 
few  lines  in  their  praise.  Some  hardy  champions  undertook  to 
rescue  them  from  neslect ;  and  in  a  short  time  many  were  content 
to  be  shown  beauties  which  they  could  not  see." — Life  of  Gray. 
Read  the  whole  of  this  critique. 

Walpole  admired  the  Odes  greatly,  but  admitted  their 
unpopularity: 

*' '  You  are  very  particular.'  he  remarks  toMontague,  *in  liking 
Gray's  Odes ;  but  you  must  remember  the  age  likes  Akenside  aud 
did  like  Thompson!     Can  the  same  people  like  both?'" 

Mr.  Forster  thinks  that  Walpole's  admiration  was  rather 
extravagant: 

"  Two  noble  productions,  it  must  surely  be  admitted,  whatever 
of  cavil  can  be  urged  against  them:  though  not  to  be  admired  as 
Walpole  admired." — Life  of  Goldsmith. 

Gray  himself  draws  an  amusing  picture  of  the  publio 
distaste  : 

"  Even  my  friends  tell  me  they  (the  Odes)  do  not  succeed,  and 
write  me  moving  topics  of  consolation  on  that  head.  In  short,  I 
have  heard  of  nobody  but  an  actor  [Garrick]  and  a  doctor  of 
divinity  [Waiburton]  that  profess  their  esteem  for  them.  Oh  yes  I 
a  lady  of  quality,  t^a  friend  of  Mason's,)  who  is  a  great  reader.  She 
knew  there  was  a  compliment  to  Dryden,  but  never  suspected 
there  was  any  thing  said  about  Shakspeare  or  Milton,  till  it  was 
explained  to  her,  and  wishes  that  there  had  been  titles  prefixed 
to  1*^11  what  they  were  about."— ie^^r  to  Mr.  Hurd,  afterwards 
Bishop  of  Lichfield  and  Coventry. 

Forster  remarks  that  Gray  might  have  added  to  the 
admirers  of  the  Odes  "the  poor  monthly  critic  of  The 
Dunciad." 

The  "poor  monthly  critic"  thus  referred  to  was  no  less 
a  person  than  Oliver  Goldsmith,  then  a  hack-writer  for 
Griffith.     See  our  life  of  Goldsmith,  in  this  volume. 

The  original  review  lies  before  us  now,  and  we  would 
fain  quote  from  it  copiously,  to  show  both  the  merits  of 
the  reviewer  and  his  hearty  and  intelligent  appreciation 
of  his  author.  As  for  us,  we  never  read  six  lines  of  Gold- 
smith— either  his  poetry  or  his  prose — without  finding  our 
rather  familiar  fondness  for  the  man  awed  into  admiring 
respect  for  the  writer.  AVhere,  excepting  in  the  epigram- 
matic conciseness  which  distinguishes  some  of  his  descrip- 
tions of  national  characteristics  in  his  poem  of  The  Tra- 
veller, shall  we  find  so  exquisite  and  faithful  a  miniature 
of  a  whole  people  as  in  the  following  lines? 

'•He  speaks  to  a  people  not  easily  impressed  with  new  ideas, 
extremely  tenacious  of  the  old;  with  difficulty  warmed,  and  as 
slowly  cwling  again.  How  unsuited  then  to  our  national  cha- 
racter is  that  species  of  poetry  which  rises  upon  us  with  unex- 
pected flights  1  where  we  must  hastily  catch  the  thought,  or  it 
flies  from'  us;  and,  in  short,  where  the  Reader  must  largely  par- 
take of  the  Poet's  enthusiasm  in  order  to  taste  of  his  beauties." — 
Heriem  of  Odes  by  Mr.  Gray,  Lon.  Month.  Jiev.,  xvii.  239-243;  Sept. 
17  o7. 

The  critic  proceeds  to  declare  that  certain  passages  of 
The  Bard,  which  he  cites, 
"Will  give  as  much  pleasure  to  those  who  relish  this  species  of 

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composition  as  any  thing  that  has  hitherto  appeared  in  our  lan- 
gua^ie,  the  odes  of  Dryden  himself  not  excepted." 

••His  Odes  did  not,  nor  yet  do  they,  please  like  his  Elegy."—. 
Lord  Byron. 

We  have  already  quoted  with  di.«sent  a  disparaging 
comment  on  the  Odes,  by  Hazlitt,  and  promised  to  quote 
a  eulogy,  from  the  estravagance  of  which  we  also  dissent, 
by  Mr.  Mathias: 

"There  is  not  another  ode  in  the  English  language  which  is 
constructed  like  these  two  compositions;  with  such  power,  such 
majesty,  and  such  sweetness,  with  such  proportioned  pauses  and 
just  cadences,  with  such  regulated  measures  of  the  verse,  with 
such  master-principles  of  lyrical  art  displayed  and  exemplified, 
and,  at  the  same  time,  with  such  a  concealment  of  the  ditficulty. 
which  is  lost  in  the  softness  and  uninterrupted  tlowing  of  the 
lines  in  each  stanza,  with  such  a  musical  magic  that  every  verse 
in  it  in  succession  dwells  on  the  ear  and  harmonizes  with  that 
which  has  j^one  before." 

Much  of  the  above,  considered  as  description,  is  undoubt- 
edly true:  perhaps  all  of  it  is  true:  but  this  lavish  use  of 
superlatives  which  has,  unfortunately  for  the  interests  of 
legitimate  criticism,  become  so  common — this  *'  best  in  the 
language,"—"  the  best  in  any  language/'—**  unrivalled,"— 
"unsurpassed"— is  our  special  aversion.  It  is  generally 
if'norance  and  vulgarity,  always  arrogance  and  bad  taste. 
No  writer  is  "the  best,"  no  woman  "the  handsomest,"  no 
man  "the  wittiest."  no  gallant  "the  most  polite:"  or,  if 
BO  in  fact,  it  can  never  be  established  by  demonstration. 

9.  Ode  on  the  Installiition  of  the  Duke  of  Orafton  to  the 
Chancellorship  of  the  University  of  Cambridge.  Written 
in  1769.     Pub.  1769,  4to. 

"I  thought  myself  bound  in  gratitude  to  his  grace,  unasked,  to 
take  upon  me  the  task  of  writing  these  verses,  which  are  usually 
set  to  music,  on  this  occasion.  I  do  not  think  them  worth  sending 
you,  because  thev  are  by  nature  doomed  tu  live  but  a  single  day; 
or,  if  their  existence  is  prolonged  beyond  th.at  date,  it  is  only  by 
means  of  newspajier  parodies  and  witless  criticisms.  This  sort  of 
abuse  I  had  reason  to  expect,  but  did  not  think  it  worth  while  to 
avoid." — Gray  to  lieaUie. 

This  Ode  has  also  been  rewarded  by  the  praises  of  critics 
of  no  ordinary  authority.  Mr.  Hallam  dwells  with  pleasure 
npon 

**That  beautiful  stanza  where  he  has  made  the  founders  of 
Cambridge  to  pass  before  our  eyes  like  shadows  over  a  magic 
glass." — Omslit.  ///.«.(.  of  Eng. 

"  I  think  there  is  something  very  majestic  in  Gray's  Installation 
Ode." —Coleridge. 

10.  Letters  of  Gray,  written  at  various  times  to  West, 
Walpole,  Wharton,  Mason,  Nicholls,  and  Bonstetten. 
These  comprise  all  of  his  letters,  with  the  exception  of 
about  twenty.  They  are  his  chief  prose  compositions, 
and  certainly  support  the  theory  that  the  best  poets  are 
also  the  best  writers  of  prose. 

*■  I  once  thought  .Swifts  letters  the  best  that  could  be  written, 
but  I  like  Orays  better.  Ilis  humour,  or  his  wit,  or  whatever  it 
is  to  be  called,  is  never  ill-natured  or  offensive,  and  yet,  1  think, 
equally  poignant  with  the  Dean's."— Cowper. 

"  He  that  reads  his  epistolary  narration  wishes  that  to  travel 
and  to  tell  his  travels  had  been  more  of  his  employment;  but  it 
is  by  studying  at  home  that  we  must  obtain  the  ability  of  travel- 
ling' with  intelligence  and  improvement."— I>R.  JuHnson  :  Life  of 
Gray. 

"  I  am  acquainted  with  manv  parts  of  your  excursion  through 
the  north  of  England,  and  very  glad  that  you  had  my  old  friend 
Mr.  Gray's  Letters  with  you.  which  are  iudeed  .so  well  written 
that  I  have  no  scruple  to  pronounce  them  the  best  letters  that 
have  been  printed  in  our  language.  Lady  Montagu's  are  not 
without  merit,  but^ire  too  artificial  and  affected  to  be  confided  in 
as  true,  and  Lord  Chesterfields  have  much  greater  faults,— indeed, 
some  of  the  greatest  that  letters  can  have:  but  Gray's  letters  are 
always  sensible,  and  of  classical  conciseness  and  perspicuity. 
They  very  much  resemble  what  his  conversation  was." — Da. 
Beattie  :  Letter  to  a  Friend. 

"Ilis  letters  are  inimitiibly  fine.  If  his  poems  are  sometimes 
finical  and  pedantic,  his  prose  is  quite  free  from  affectation. 
He  pours  his  thoughts  out  upon  paper  as  they  arise  in  his  mind; 
and  they  arise  in  his  mind  without  pretence  or  constraint,  from 
the  pure  impulse  of  learned  leisure  aud  contemplative  indolence. 
He  is  not  here  on  stilts  or  on  buckram,  but  smiles  in  his  easy-chair 
as  he  moralizes  through  the  loopholes  of  his  retreat  on  the  hustle 
and  raree-show  of  the  world,  or  •  those  reverend  bedlams— colleges 
and  schools.'  He  had  nothing  to  do  but  to  read  and  think,  aud  to 
tell  his  friends  what  he  read  and  thought.  His  life  was  a  luxu- 
rious, thoughtful  dream."— IlAZLiTT  :  Lectures  on  the  English  Poets. 
When  there  is  so  much  to  be  done  in  this  world,  so 
much  ignorance  to  be  instructed,  error  to  be  rectified,  vice 
to  be  reformed,  and  impiety  to  be  extirpated  and  misery 
to  be  consoled,  we  envy  not  that  man  who  has  no  better 
record  to  meet  him  on  the  Groat  Day  than  that  "his  life 
■was  a  luxurious,  thoughtful  dream." 

But  to  continue  our  quotations  respecting  Gray's  Letters : 

"Delightful  indeed  are  these  Letters:  evincing  the  taste  of  a 
Tirtuoso.  the  attainments  of  a  scholar,and  the  gaiety  of  a  classical 
wit." — Dini>lN:  Lib.  Comp. 

"  Read  Gray's  letters  od  his  Tour  to  the  Lakes.     He  saw  little. 

and  that  little  hastily:  but  what  he  did  see  he  sketched  with  the 

pen  inimitably.     The  touches  with  which   he  occasionally  gives 

life  and  spirit  to  the  delineation  are  exquisite.    Yet  in  Gray's 

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prose,  as  in  his  verse,  there  is  something  affected;  and  his  wit, 
though  very  refined  and  pure,  has  the  air  of  being  forced.  The 
description  of  the  sunrise  (Let.  tJj  is  iucomparably  fine."— Green  : 
Biary  of  a  Litvtir  of  Lit. 

Having  thus  noticed  the  principal  productions  of  Gray, 
we  presume  that  the  reader  will  be  gratified  by  some  quo- 
tations respecting  the  general  characteristics  of  an  author 
so  justly  distinguished  in  the  Republic  of  Letters. 

"  Perhaps  he  was  the  most  learned  man  in  Euiope.  He  was 
equally  acquainted  with  the  elegant  and  profound  parts  of  science, 
and  that  not  superficially,  but  thoroughly.  He  knew  every  branch 
of  history,  both  natural  and  civil ;  had  read  all  the  original  histo- 
rians of  England.  France,  and  Italy  ;  and  was  a  great  antiquarian. 
Criticism,  metaphysics,  morals,  politics,  made  a  principal  part  of 
his  study;  voyages  and  travels  of  all  sorts  were  his  favourite 
amusements;  "and  he  had  a  fine  taste  in  painting,  prints,  archi- 
tecture, and  gardening."— Rev.  Wm.  Temple:  Letier  to  Janies  Bos- 
weU. 

The  grandiloquent  phrase — "the  most  learned  man  in 
Europe" — is  very  observable.  What  were  Mr.  Temple's 
opportunities  and  capacity  for  gauging  all  the  learning 
of  all  Eurupe?  But  upon  this  fault  of  exaggeration  we 
have  already  descanted  at  length,  here  and  elsewhere,  in 
the  present  volume. 

Gray  undoubtedly  possessed  some  knowledge  of  archi- 
tecture. In  our  article  on  Edward  Bentham  we  have 
taken  occasion  to  correct  an  error  respecting  Gray's  sup- 
posed share  iu  the  History  of  Ely  Cathedral. 

"I  am  sorry  you  did  not  see  Mr.  Gray  on  his  return.  Yon 
would  harve  been  much  pleased  with  him.  Setting  aside  his  merit 
as  a  poet,  which,  however,  in  my  opinion,  is  greater  than  any  of 
his  contemporaries  can  boast,  in  this  or  any  other  nation,  I  found 
him  possessed  of  the  most  exact  taste,  the  soundest  judgment, 
and  most  ext.ensive  learning."— Dr.  Beattie:  Letter  to  a  Fnend. 

"What  has  occurred  to  me  from  the  slight  inspection  of  his 
Letters  in  which  my  undertaking  has  engaged  me  is,  that  his  mind 
had  a  large  grasp;  that  his  curiosity  was  unlimited  and  his  judg- 
ment cultivated;  that  he  was  a  man  likely  to  love  muih  where  he 
loved  at  all,  but  that  he  was  fastidious  and  hard  to  please.  His 
contempt,  however,  is  often  employed,  where  I  hope  it  will  be  ap- 
proved, upon  scepticism  and  infidelity.  ...  He  has  a  kind  of  strut- 
ting dignity,  and  is  tall  by  walking  on  tiptoe.  His  art  and  his 
eti-uggle  are  too  visible,  aud  there  is  too  little  appearance  of  ease 
and  nature. 

"To  say  that  he  has  no  beauties  would  be  unjust:  a  man  like 
him,  of  great  learning  and  great  industry,  could  not  but  produce 
something  valuable.  When  he  pleases  least,  it  can  only  be  said 
that  a  good  design  was  ill  directed.  His  translations  of  Northern 
and  Welsh  i'oetry  deserve  praise;  the  imagery  is  preserved,  per- 
haps often  improved;  but  the  language  is  unlike  the  language  of 
other  poets." — Dr.  Johnson  :  Life  of  Gray. 

The  "fastidiousness"  and  effeminacy  of  the  poet  would 
appear  to  have  formed  prominent  points  in  bis  character: 
"There  is  no  character  without  some  speck,  some  imperfection; 
and  1  think  the  greatest  defect  in  his  was  an  affectation  in  delicacy, 
or  rather  effeminacy,  and  a  visible  fastidiousness,  or  contempt  and 
disdain  of  his  inferiors  in  science."- Kev.  William  Temple  :  Letter 
to  James  Boswell. 

"His  faculties  were  endowed  with  uncommon  strength;  he 
thought  with  a  manly  nervousness;  and  he  penetrated  forcibly 
into  every  subject  which  engaged  his  attention.  But  his  petty 
manners  were  disagreeably  effeminate  and  fastidious;  his  habits 
wanted  courage  and  hardiness;  and  his  temper  and  spirits  were  a 
prey  to  feebleness,  indolence,  and  trivial  derangements.  His  heart 
was  pure;  and  his  conduct,  I  firmly  believe,  stained  with  no  crime. 
He  loved  virtue  for  its  own  sake,  and  felt  a  just  and  never-slack- 
ened indignation  at  vice.  But  the  little  irritations  of  his  daily 
temper  were  too  much  affected  by  trifles;  he  loved  to  assume  the 
character  of  the  fine  gentleman, — a  mean  and  odious  ambition  in 
any  one.  but  scarcely  to  be  forgiven  in  a  man  of  genius!  Ha 
would  shrug  his  .shoulders  and  distort  his  voice  into  fastidious 
tones,  and  take  upon  himself  the  airs  of  what  folly  is  pleased  to 
call  hi'ih  company:'— &IR  ^^.  Egerton  Brydges  :  Traits  in  the  Literary 
CftardcUr  of  Gray  the  I'bet:  Oiis.  Lit.,  ed.  1815,  viii.  21(i-2-21.  q.  v. 
But  Mason  remarks  in  Gray's  defence  that  his  effemi- 
nacy was  affected  most 

"  Before  those  whom  he  did  not  wish  to  please;  and  that  he  is 
unjustly  charged  with  making  knowledge  his  sole  reason  of  pre- 
ference, as  he  paid  his  esteem  to  none  whom  he  did  not  likewise 
believe  to  be  good."  .    ,  ,        .. 

"There  has  always  appeared  to  me  an  effort  and  elaboration  in 
Gray's  compositions  very  remote  from  the  general  spirit  of  poetical 
effusion.  They  are  exquisite  pieces  of  mosaic,  curiously  wrought, 
of  the  rarest  precious  gems;  but  in  which  we  vainly  look  for  the 
bold  design,  free  handling,  and  glowing  excelleucies  of  a  great 
painter." — Green:  Diary  of  a  Lover  of  Lit. 

As  regards  the  success  of  Gray  in  his  efforts  to  imitate 
the  poetry  of  the  classical  age,  there  can  be  but  little  room 
for  debate  :  that  this  success  has  been  unduly  exnggerated 
is  no  matter  of  surprise.  Indiscriminate  eulogy  is  treason 
to  the  object  of  our  adoration;  and  had  Gray's  friends 
been  less  fervid  Dr.  Johnson  had  been  less  frigid. 

Mason  could  not  well  have  said  more  when  he  announced, 
as  a  dictttm  of  undoubted  truth, 

"No  more  the  Grecian  Muse  unrivall'd  reigns; 
To  Britain  let  the  nations  homage  pay  : 
She  boasts  a  Homer's  fire  in  Milton's  strains, 
A  Pindar's  rapture  in  the  Lyre  of  Gray." 

Perhaps  there  will  be  thought  to  be  something  of  eiag- 


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GRA 


geration  in  the  glowing  eulogy  of  an  eminent  authority  of 
our  own  diiy : 

"Gray,  whose  burning  thoughts  had  been  condensed  in  words 
of  more  tbau  classic  beauty." — Sir  Aechibald  Auson  :  Hist,  of 
Europe. 

Probably  some  modern  Akenside,  devoted  to  the  worship 
of  the  ancients,  would  write  on  the  margin  of  this  dictum, 
dele  "  Juore  than." 

Certain  it  is  that,  notwithstanding  the  vehement  protests 
of  Gray's  modern  admirers,  the  reputation  of  their  favour- 
ite's Pindaric  Odes  received  a  fatal  bluw  on  the  day  when 
Johnson's  Lives  of  the  English  Poets  were  given  to  the 
world.  To  quote  the  words  of  a  modern  critic  of  great 
taste  and  refinement, 

"The  Lyrioal  crown  of  Gray  was  swept  away  at  one  fell  swoop  by 
the  ruthless  arm  of  Dr.  Johnson.  That  the  Doctor's  celebrated 
critiiiue  was  unduly  severe  must  be  admitted;  but  the  stern  cen- 
sor had  truth  on  his  side,  nevertheless.  There  is  more  of  Art  than 
Nature  in  Gi-ay;  more  of  recollection  than  invention;  more  of 
acquirement  than  genius.  If  1  may  use  a  colloquial  illustration, 
I  should  say  that  the  marks  of  the  tool  are  too  evident  on  all  that 
he  does." — Nenle's  Lectures  on  Entjlish  Poetry. 

Lord  Jeffrey,  in  a  review  of  Weber's  edition  of  Ford's 
Works," — see  our  biography  of  Ford, — remarks: 

"After  Young  there  was  a  plentiful  lack  of  poetical  talent,  down 
to  a  period  comparatively  recent.  Akenside  and  Gray,  indeed,  iu 
the  interval,  discovered  a  new  way  of  imitating  the  antients;  and 
CollinsandGoldsmith  produced  some  small  specimens  of  exquisite 
and  original  poetry." — ii/rn.  Bev.,  xviii.  2S2. 

But  it  was  not  alone  the  poets  of  classical  antiquity 
which  engnged  the  studious  attention  of  Gray.  Philoso- 
phy, also,  had  its  claims  acknowledged  by  him.  His  com- 
ments on  Plato  elicited  the  ardent  admiration  of  no  less  a 
scholar  than  Dr.  Parr: 

"  When  I  read  the  poet  Gray's  observations  on  Plato,  published 
by  Mr.  Mathias.  my  first  impulse  was  to  exclaim,  '  Why  did  not 
I  write  thisf  Gray  alone  possesses  the  meiit  of  avoidiog  the 
errors  into  which  other  commentators  have  fallen;  there  are  no 
fine-spuu  observations— no  metaphysical  absurdities— in  Gray." — 
Ftdd's  Life  of  Parr. 

But  we  must  not  further  lengthen  a  long  article.  It  is 
time  that  we  bad  noticed  some  of  the  editions  of  an  author 
who  has  now — not  unpleasantly,  we  trust — so  long  engaged 
the  attention  of  our  reader. 

1.  Ode  to  Eton  College,  Lon.,  1747,  fol.  2.  Elegy  written 
in  a  Country  Church-yard,  1751.  The  translations  of  this 
Elegy  into  other  languages  have  already  been  considered 
at  length.  Of  the  many  beautiful  illustrated  edits,  we 
may  be  permitted  to  notice  that  of  Van  Voorst,  of  London, 
with  33  Illustrations,  1839,  8vo ;  (Mr. Van  V.  has  also  pub.— 
in  1S37,  Svo — an  edit,  of  The  Bard,  with  Illustrations  from 
drawings  by  the  Hon.  Mrs.  J.  Talbot;)  the  edit,  illustrated 
by  the  London  Etching  Club,  1S47,  fol.;  the  one  illumi- 
nated by  Owen  Jones,  1846,  r.  Svo  ;  and  the  edit,  illustrated 
by  Biiket  Foster  and  others.  1853,  cr.  Svo;  2d  ed.,  1854. 
3.  Poems,  with  designs  by  R.  Bentley,  1753,  r.  4to.  These 
designs  were  executed  at  the  suggestion  of  Horace  Wal- 
pole,  by  his  friend  Richard  Bentley:  see  the  name  in  this 
Dictionary.  Gray  repaid  the  compliment  by  his  Stanzas 
to  Mr.  Bentley.  4.  Odes.  Printed  at  Strawberry  Hill, 
1757,  4to.  1000  copies.  5.  Poems,  Lon.,  176S,  12mo. 
6.  Ode  at  the  Installation  of  the  Duke  of  Grafton,  Cam- 
bridge, 1769, 4to.  7.  Poems,  Dubl.,  1771,  4to.  This  beau- 
tiful edit,  was 

"Published  to  remove  the  reproaches  which  Ireland  has  long 
laboured  under  for  bad  priotinc." — Tfinmas  Ewing's  (the printer) 
d^diCi'ti'm.  to  the  Rt.  Hon.  Sam.  Oliver,  Esq. 

S.  Poems,  with  Memoirs  of  his  Life  and  Writings,  by 
W.  Mason,  York,  1775,  4to ;  1778,  4  vols.  cr.  Svo;  Lon., 
1789,  4to.  Also  pub,  in  2  vols.  Svo,  2  vols.  p.  Svo,  and 
1807,  2  vols.  12mo. 

"Reluctant  indeed  should  I  be  to  dismiss  these  pages  to  the 
world  without  not  only  the  mention,  but  the  strong  recommen- 
dation, of  Mason's  Life  of  Gray,  1775.  4to,  with  a  portrait  of  that 
eminent  poet  prefixed.  I  should  rather  perhaps  call  this  book 
Gray's  Memoir  of  Himself,  as  the  biography  is  composed  chiefly  of 
the  poet's  own  letters.  .  .  .  The  neatest  and  best  edition  of  Mason 
is  that  printed  in  1778,  at  York,  in  4  vols,  crown  Svo,  worth  about 
24s.;  but  of  all  the  portraits  of  Gray,  I  consider  that  prefixed  to 
the  quarto  as  decidedly  the  besf."~Dibdin's  Lib.  Comp. 

'•The  taste,  the  zeal,  the  congenial  spirit  of  Mr.  Mason  certainly 
produced,  though  with  some  faults,  arising  principally  from  want 
of  erudition,  one  of  the  most  elegant  and  classical  volumes  in  the 
English  language." — Lon.  Qiuir.  I^ev.,  xi.  3U4. 

9,  Poems,  1775,  fol.  10.  Latin  Odes  in  English  Verse, 
&c.,  1776.  4to.  11.  Poetical  Works,  with  Notes  by  Gilbert 
Wakefield,  1786,  Svo. 

"  Looked  through  Wakefield's  Notes  on  Gray's  Poems.  Ilis  style 
is  wonderfully  luxui  iant.  and  he  seems  perfectly  to  enter  into  and 
feel  the  spirit  of  the  poet  whom  he  criticises.'  The  fertility  too 
with  which  he  discovers  similitudes  is  marvellniis;  but  if  Johnson 
is  penurious  in  his  praise  of  Gray,  Gilbert  ^\■akefield,  I  think,  is 

lavish Against  Johnson,  Wakefield  is  severe,  even  to  virulence; 

and  there  is  a  sentiment  at  the  close  of  the  annotations  on  the  Bard, 
at  which  I  revolt  with  disgust:  'If  at  any  time  we  feel  ourselves 


dazzled  by  Dr.  Johnson's  bright  and  diffusive  powers  of  undei^ 
standing,  we  may  turn  for  relief  to  his  criticisms  on  Gray,  his 
Prayers,  and  Meditations.'"— Green's  Diary  of  a  Lover  of  Lit. 

12.  Poetical  Works,  Glasg.,  1787,  fol.  U.  The  Travel- 
ler's Companion  in  a  Tuur  through  England  and  Wales, 
Lon.,  1787,  12mo.  Supp.,  1787,  12mo.  New  ed.,  17'J9, 
12mo.  This  catalogue  was  originally  written  by  Gray  on 
the  blank  leaves  of  Kitchiu'a  Euglish  Atlas.  14,  Poems, 
Parma.  1793,  4to.  Printed  by  Budini.  200  copies.  Large 
paper,  100  copies.  15.  Poems,  1800,  8vu.  16.  English  and 
Latin  Poems,  with  Critical  Notes  and  a  Life  uf  the  Author, 
Achy  the  Rev.  John  Mitiord,  Lou.,  1814,  Svu;  1816,2 
vols.  4to.     Also  pub.  in  2  vols.  Svo. 

"From  the  Advertisement,  p.  40,  the  reader  is  informed  of  the 
chief  causes  which  render  this  edition  so  de-Mrable  to  a  genuine 
lover  of  Gray's  high  intellectual  character:  the  great  importance 
however  which  the  editor  attaches  to  this  volume  is,  that  it  enables 
the  public  for  the  first  time  to  read  the  genuine  and  uncorrupted 
correspondence  of  Gray,  exactly  in  his  own  language  and  printed 
from  his  own  Manuscripts." — Dibdin's  Lib.  Oniip. 

Of  Mitford's  edit,  and  edits,  with  Mitford's  Life,  there 
have  been  several  issues,  1816,  2  vols.  4to;  also  pub.  in  2 
vols. Svo;  illustrated  and  edited,  with  introductory  stanzas, 
by  John  Moultrie.  Eton,  1845,  Svo;  2d  ed.,  1S47,  Svo;  ;id 
ed.,  1851,  Svo ;  4th  ed.,  1853,  Svo.  Pickering's  edit.,  1835- 
43,  5  vols.  fp.  Svo.  A  list  of  contents  will  be  found  at  the 
end  of  this  article.  17.  Works,  with  Extracts,  Philological, 
Poetical,  and  Critical,  by  T.  J.  Mathias,  1814,  2  vols.  r.  4to. 
This  edit,  contains  the  Poems,  Letters,  and  the  Memoirs 
by  Wm.  Mason. 

'*  A  magnificent  edition  of  Gray's  Works,  which  derives  so  large 
a  share  of  its  value  from  the  tast«,  learning,  sagacity,  and  moral 
principles  Of  an  editor  peculiarly  qualified  to  do  justice  to  the 
merits  of  such  a  scholar  and  such  a  poet  as  Mr.  Gray." — Dr.  Parr's 
Wdl. 

"Of  the  qualifications  which  pointed  out  Mr. Mathias  as  the 
editor  of  the  present  Extracts.  Philological,  Poetical,  and  Critical, 
it  is  impossible  to  think  or  speak  otherwise  than  with  sincere 
respect.  His  spirit  is  congenial  with  that  of  his  author,  his  admi- 
ration, though  he  professes  'nunquam  vidisse  Virgilium,'  not  in- 
ferior to  that  of  personal  friendship." — Lon.  Quar.  Jiev.,  xi.  304- 
318.  q.  j7. 

''  As  a  poet,  the  warmest  of  Mr.  Gray's  admirers  may  safely  trust 
him  with  Fate;  viewing  him  as  an  amiable  and  irreproachable  pri- 
vate character,  we  may  be  contented  to  take  his  portrait  sketched 
by  the  hand  of  friendship  in  5Ir.  Mason's  account  of  him;  but.  lor 
a  delineation  of  him  with  all  the  mastery  of  taleut.  not  only  as  a 
prodigy  of  learning  but  as  that  most  exalted  character,  a  Platouist 
made  perfect  by  Revelation,  the  world  is  indebted  to  Mr.  Mathias." 
Lon.  Month.  Bev.,  Ixxviii.  3S4-3S7,  q.  v. 

Dr.  Dibdin  does  not  speak  so  enthusiastically  of  this 
edition : 

"  The  more  recent  edition  of  the  works  of  Gray,  by  3fr.  Mathias, 
in  two  widely-spread  quartos,  (concerning  which  read  the  Quarterly 
I!eviei€,  vol.  xi.,  p,  304.)  sunk  with  the  weight  of  lead  upon  the 
market.  Huge  as  is  the  ordinary  size  of  these  tooies — and  little 
calculated  as  were  the  works  of  Gray  for  such  a  ponderous  super- 
structure—there are  yet  large  paper  Copies!  !  at  a  price  which  at 
first  appalled  the  timid,  and  startled  the  rich,  [£12  V2s.:  the  copies 
of  '  the  ordinary  size'  were  pub.  at  £7  7s.]  The  prices,  however, 
both  of  the  small  and  large  paper,  are  niaferially  abated  [in  1824- 
251  .  .  .  and  I  prophesy .  .  .  but — *  hence.'  Mairi  xaxwi/ ! — methinks 
I  hear  one  of  the  Syndics  of  the  Cambridge  UuiverMij  Press  ex- 
claim. Yet,  note  well :  An  edition  of  the  Pursuits  of  Literature  ^as 
struck  oCF.  on  paper  of  the  same  size,  in  both  forms;  as  if  Thomas 
.Tames  JIathias  had  been  the  principal  author  of  this  latter  work! 
What  will  be  the  verdict  of  posterity '("' — Lib.  Comj). 

The  "  verdict  of  posterity"  is  no  secret.  IS.  Letters,  edited 
by  Rev.  J.  Mitford,  Svo.  19.  Criticisms  on  Gray's  Elegy, 
Svo.  20.  Life  of  Gray,  by  Mason,  24mo.  21.  Poems,  32mo. 
22.  Poems,  with  Memoir  by  Mitford,  24mo.  23.  Poems, 
with  Westall's  Designs,  16mo.  24.  Addit.  Notes  to  the 
Corresp.  of  Gray  and  Mann,  IS55,  Svo.  The  edit,  of  Gray's 
Poems  pub.  by  Mr.  H.C.Baird,  Phila.,  1850,  sm.  Svo,  already 
referred  to.  and  that  pub.  by  Messrs.  Little,  Brown  &  Co., 
Boston,  1854,  ISmo,  deserve  warm  commendation.  We  pro- 
mised to  give  a  list  of  the  contents  of  Pickering's  edit,  of 
Gray's  Works,  edited  by  Mitford,  Lon.,  1835,  "43,  fp.  Svo. 
Vol.  I.  Life  by  Mitford  ;  Poems.  II.  Essay  on  the  Poetry 
of  Gray;  Letters,  III.  Letters.  IV.  Letters:  Journal  of 
Tour  in  Italy.  V.  Mathias's  Letter  on  the  death  of 
Nicholls;  Reminiscencesof  Gray,  by  Nicholls;  Correspond- 
ence of  Gray  with  Nicholls;  Correspondence  of  Brown 
and  Nicholls  relative  to  Gray;  Letters  of  Nicholls;  Notes 
by  Mitford;  Gray's  Notes  on  Walpole's  Lives  of  the 
Painters  ;  Extracts  from  a  poem  on  the  letters  of  the  alpha- 
bet; Observations  on  English  Metre,  Pseudo-Rhythm,  Use 
of  Rhyme,  and  on  the  Poems  of  Lydgate. 

Gray,  Walter.     Almanacke,  Lon.,  15S7,  Svo. 

Gray,  Walter.     Expedition  to  Scheldt,  1810. 

Gray,  Rev.  Wm.  On  Confirmation,  Lon.,  1S48,  12mo. 

Gray,  Mm.    Survey  of  Newcastle,  &c.,  Lon.,  1649,  4to. 

Gray,  Wm.  Sketch  of  the  Original  English  Prose 
Literature,  Oxf.,  1S35,  Svo. 

729 


GRA 


Voyage  of  Discovery 


Gray,  Wm.,  and  Dochard 

in  Africa,  1S18-21,  Lon.,  8vo. 

Graydon,  Alexander,  1752-1S18,  a  native  of  Bris- 
tol, Pennsylvania,  a  soliiier  in  tlie  Revolutionary  War, 
was  the  author  of  Memoirs  of  a  Life  chiefly  passed  in 
Pennsylvania,  within  the  last  Sixty  Years;  with  Occa- 
sional Keniarks  upon  the  General  Occurrences.  Character, 
and  Spirit  of  that  Eventful  Period,  Harrishurg,  1811. 
Reprinted  in  London.  This  vol.  was  rcpub.  in  Edinburgh, 
1822,  by  John  Gait,  with  a  dedication  to  Richard  Hush, 
Esq.,  American  Minister  at  London.  Mr.  Gait  remarks 
in  his  dedication  that 

"  It  is  i-emarkaVjle  that  a  production  so  rich  in  the  vanous  ex- 
cellencies of  style.  d>-scription,  and  impartiality,  should  not  have 
been  known  ih  this  cnuntiy,  especially  as  it  is  perhaps  the  best 
person.al  nairative  which  has  yet  appeared  relatrve  to  the  history 
of  that  great  contliit  which  terminated  in  establishing  the  inde- 
pendence of  the  United  States." 

The  London  Quarterly  Review  gives  an  amusing  re- 
view of  this  work,  and,  referring  to  Mr.  Gait's  eulogy, 

remarks :  ,      ,    .  i    ,  »v       .r 

"  He  now  appears  as  the  editor  and  eulogist  of  these  Memoirs, 
■which— notwithstanding  his  high  and  solemn  praise,  both  of  then- 
matter  and  uiaunor— we  venture  to  pronounce  to  be  iu  matter 
almost  worthless,  and  in  manner  wholly  contemptible.  .  .  .  We 
scarcely  remember  to  have  met  with  an  emptier  pretender  to 
literature,  or  a  grosser  apostate  in  politics.  .  .  .  \\ecan  honestly 
assure  Mr.  Gait — without  overrating  his  talents  aud  taste  in  the 
least^that  he  is  himself  capable  of  actdiiig  a  thousand  times 
more  luslrc  to  the  English  luriffuage  than  the  author  of  such  an 
absurd  farrago  as  he  has  here  thought  proper  to  reprint."— xxvi. 
364-374. 

A  new  ed.  of  this  work,  rearranged,  with  biographical 
and  historical  notes,  and  an  index,  was  pub.  by  Mr.  John 
Stockton  Littell,  of  Germantown,  in  1846,  Phila.,  8vo. 
pp.  604. 

Mr.  Graydon  was  a  contributor  to  the  literary  and  poli- 
tical journals  of  the  day.  A  number  of  his  essays,  very 
popular  at  the  time,  will  be  found  in  the  Phila.  Portfolio, 
under  the  title  of  Notes  of  a  Desultory  Reader.  In  these 
papers  he  communicates  to  the  public  his  opinions  respect- 
ing his  favourite  authors. 

Graydon,  Kev.  George.  Fish ;  Trans.  Irish  Acad., 
1794. 

Graydon,  Wm.,  of  Pennsylvania.  1.  Digest  of  the 
Laws  of  the  U.  Stales,  Ac,  Harrisburg,  1803,  Svo;  Lon., 
1803,  Svo;  Appendix,  Harrisburg,  1813,  Svo.  2.  Justice 
and  Constable's  Assist.,  Phila.,  1820,  Svo.  3.  Forms  of 
Conveyancing,  and  of  Practice  in  the  various  Courts  and 
Public  Offices.     New  ed.,  by  Robert  E.  Wright,  1S45,  Svo. 

Fourth  ed. 

"The  previous  editions  have  been  for  the  last  forty  years  the 
ready  and  coustaut  guide*book  of  the  professional  man  as  well  as 
of  the  citizen,  in  all  cases  in  which  a  sate  and  couvenient  Form- 
Book  was  needed ;  and  it  is  only  necessary  to  remark  that  the 
labours  of  Mr.  Wright,  in  bringing  it  down  to  the  present  period, 
have  been  faithfully  and  judiciously  executed."— I'BED.  C. 
Brightly. 

"We  are  glad  to  see  this  favourite  book  in  a  new  and  much 
improved  edition." — Anur.  Law  R<g.,  Jan.  1853. 

Grayhurst,  Thomas,  supposed  to  be  a  fictitious 
name.  Remarks  rel.  to  the  Trial  of  Lord  Grosvenor, 
Lon.,  1770,  Svo. 

Grayson,  E.     Standish  the  Puritan,  N.  York,  1850, 

12mo.     2.  Overing  ;  or,  the  Heir  of  Wycherly,  1S62,  ]2mo. 

Grayson,  V.  VV.     Vice  Unmasked,  an  Essay  ;  being 

a  consideration  of  the  Influence  of  Law  upon  the  Moral 

Essence  of  JIan.  Ac,  N.  York,  1830,  Svo. 

Grayson,  Wm.  J.,  b.  1788.  in  Beaufort,  S.  Caro- 
lina, has  been  a  member  of  the  U.  States  Congress,  and 
held  many  important  public  posts.  1.  Letter  to  Gover- 
nor Seabrook.  This  is  against  disunion  of  the  U.  States. 
2.  The  Hireling  and  the  Slave  ;  a  didactic  poem,  1854.  In 
this  poem  we  find  a  comparison  drawn  between  the  con- 
dition of  the  negro  slave  and  the  pauper  labourer  of 
Europe.  Mr.  G.  displays  poetical  powers  of  no  ordinary 
stamp. 

Graystands,  Robert  de.  See  Wharton's  Anglia 
Sacra,  i.  6S9. 

Greated,  Timothy.  Essay  on  Friendship,  Lon., 
1726,  Svo. 

Greathead,  Henry.  Invention,  Ac.  of  the  Life- 
•Boat,  Lon.,  1SU4.  Svo. 

Greatheed,  Bertie,  d.  1804,  an  amateur  artist,  was 
one  of  the  contributors  to  the  Florence  Miscellany  ridi- 
culed by  Wm.  Giftord  (7.  v.)  in  his  Baviad.  (iift'ord  styles 
Greatheed  the  "  deep-mouthed  Theban."  1.  Essay  on  the 
Right  of  Comiiiest,  Florence,  17S3,  4to.  2.  The  Regent; 
a  Tragedv,  Lon.,  1788,  Svo. 

Greatheed,  Samuel.     Sernis.  1800,  'OS,  both  Svo. 
Greatorex,   Thomas,   1758-1831,  a  musical  00m- 
730 


GRE 

poser  contributed  a  paper  on  measuring  mountains  by 
the  b.arometer,  to  Phil.  Trans.,  pub.  a  composition  on 
Psi.'-m  Tunes,  Ac,  and  left  some  MS.  papers  on  chemistry 
and  botany.     See  Lon.  Gent.  Mag..  Sept.  1831. 

Grcatrakes,  Valentine,  b.  1628,  a  noted  empiric, 
pub.  Account  of  his  great  and  strange  Cures,  in  a  Letter 
from  himself  to  the  Hon.  Robt.  Boyle,  Esq.,  Lon.,  1666, 
4to.  See  Biog.  Brit.,  in  art.  Stubbe ;  Harris's  Ware's  Hist. 
of  Ireland;  Account,  Ac,  1066. 

Greaves,  Sir  Edward,  M.D.,  d.  16S0,  a  native  of 
Surrey,  physician-in-ordinary  to  K.  Ch.arles  II.,  was  a 
brother  of  John  Greaves.  1.  Morbus  Epidemicus  ann. 
1643,  Oxf ,  1043,  4to.     2.  Oratio,  Ac,  Lon.,  1667,  4to. 

Greaves,  John,  1602-1652,  brother  to  the  preceding, 
an  eminent  mathematician  aud  antiquary,  a  native  of  Col- 
more,  near  Alresford,  in  Hampshire,  educated  at  Balliol 
Coll.,  Oxf.,  became  Geometry  Lecturer  in  Gresham  Coll., 
and  subsequently  Savilian  Prof,  of  Astronomy  at  Oxford. 
His  best-known  works  are— 1.  Pyramidologia ;  or,  a  De- 
scription of  the  Pyramids  of  Egypt,  Lon.,  1646,  Svo.  In 
French,  1663,  fob;  and  see  Churchill's  Voyages,  11.  689, 
1708.  2.  A  Discourse  on  the  Roman  Fort  and  Denarius, 
Lon.,  1647,  Svo;  and  see  Churchill's  Voyages,  ii.  737, 
1708.  3.  Elementa  Lingua!  Persica;,  1649,  4to.  4.  Miscel- 
laneous Works :  with  Hist,  and  Crit.  Account  of  his  Life 
and  Writings,  1737,  2  vols.  Svo. 

"  lie  w  as  a  person  in  great  val  ue,  and  much  respected  by  learned 
men,  particularly  by  Selden.  who,  had  our  author  lived,  would 
have  left  to  him  part  of  his  wealth."— .-ICicti.  Ozon. 

See  Smith's  Vita  quorundam  crudit.  virorum;  Athen. 
0.\on.;  Gen.  Diet. ;  Biog.  Brit. ;  Usher's  Life  and  Letters; 
Life  by  Dr.  Birch  ;  Ward's  Gresh.am  Professors. 

Greaves,  John.     Essays  for  Sabbath  Reading.   New 

ed.,  Lon.,  1848. 12mo.  „     r      ^ 

"  Cannot  easily  be  read  without  profit  at  any  time.  — ion.HeJ- 
Uy  Method.  Mug. 

Greaves,  Jonathan.  Philosophic  Mouse :  Philos. 
Subjects  for  the  young.  Lon.,  1815,  Svo. 

Greaves,  Thomas.     Songs  of  Sundrie  Kindes,  1604. 
Greaves,  Thomas,  D.D.,  d.  1676,  brother  to  John 
Greaves,  Prcb.  of  Peterborough,  and  Rector  of  Benefield. 
1.  De  Linguae  Arabica;,  Ac,  Oxf.,  1637,  4to.     2.  Observa- 
tioncs    in    Persicam    Pentatenchi  Versionem,  Ac      \ide 
Bib.  Polyglot.,  torn.  vi.     Also  trans,  into  Latin  by  Samuel 
Clarke. 
"  He  was  a  man  of  great  learning." — Athen.  Ozem. 
See  references  appended  to  Greaves,  Jo^hn.  _ 
Greaves,  Thomas.     Serms.,  Lon.,  1763,  '64. 
Greaves,  Uev.  Thomas  Berkeley.     The  Wilder- 
ness;  or.  Prolusions  in  Averse,  1811,  12mo. 

Greaves,  Wm.  Treatise  on  Natural  and  Practical 
Agriculture,  Lon.,  1804,  Svo. 

"Many  remarks  are  sensible  and  correct,  but  added  nothing  to 
the  aheadv-existing  practice."— DwmW.fon's  Agricuit.  Biog. 

Grebher,  Ezek.  Visions  and  Prophecies  concerning 
Scotland,  England,  and  Ireland,  Lon.,  1660.  '61,  12mo. 

Grece,  Charles  F.  1.  Essays  on  Husbandry,  ad- 
dressed  to  the  Canadian  Farmers.  2.  Facts,  Ac  resp. 
Canada  and  the  U.  States,  Lon.,  1819,  Svo. 

"  Evidently  the  production  of  a  plain,  sensible,  pr.actical  man. 
— Lon.  Quay.  Rev. 

But  see  Rich's  Bibl.  Amer.  Nova,  ii.  108. 
Greeley,  Horace,  b.  Feb.  3,  1811,  at  Amherst,  New 
Hampshire,  commenced  life  as  a  printer,  and  was  em- 
ployed in  this  capacity  in  several  New  York  establish- 
ments. As  a  journalist  his  name  has  been  connected  with 
"The  Constitution,"  "The  New  Yorker,"  "The  Jeficr- 
sonian,"  "The  Log  Cabin,"  and  (commenced  in  1841) 
The  Tribune."     In  1848  he  was  elected    to  the  United 


States  Congress.  For  particulars  of  his  life,  see  The  Life 
of  Horace  Greeley,  by  James  Parton,  N.York,  1855, 12mo. 
"This  book  is  singularly  well  written;  aud  its  mingling  of 
private  incidents  with  public  history  is  so  managed  that  its  popu- 
larity will  not  be  transient.  .  .  .  Recommending  the  Life  ol  Mr. 
Greeley  to  general  attention,  we  have  to  speak  in  particular  com- 
mendation of  the  admirable  style  in  which  the  author  has  col- 
lected his  materials  and  wrought  them  up.  The  book  did  not 
reveal  to  us  the  power  of  Horace  Greeley.  We  knew  that  before. 
But  we  did  not  know  the  power  in  research,  in  mastery  ol  the 
English  language,  and  in  strong  good  sense,  of  Mr.  Parton,  who  13 
its  author." — N.  Amer.  Kev.,  Ixxx.  545-548,  q.v. 

But  a  critic  in  Blackw.  Mag.  for  March.  1856,  does  not 
appear  to  admire  either  Mr.  Greeley  or  the  labours  of  his 
biographer,  and  declares,  with  respect  to  the  latter,  that 

"  .\ny  man  would  accept  his  chance  against  a  Kentucky  rifle 
sooner  'than  a  biography  at  the  hands  of  Mr.  J.  Parton."- i'lO- 
graph ii  gone  Mad;  ubi  supra. 

1.  Hints  towards  Reforms,  N.  York,  185],  12mo.  This 
vol.  consists  of  addresses,  Ac  2.  Glances  at  Europe 
from  Great  Britain.  France,  Italy.  Switzerland,  Ac. 
during  the  Summer  of  1851.     Originally  pub.  in  the  Tri- 


GRE 

bune.  3.  Art  and  Industi-j  as  represented  in  the  Exhibi- 
tion of  the  Crystal  Palace*  New  York,  1853-54,  Edited 
by  H.  G.,  1853,  12mo.  Originally  pub.  in  the  Tribune. 
4.  Association  Discussed  by  H.  Greeley  and  H.  J.  Ray- 
mond, 1847,  8vo.  5.  History  of  the  Struggle  for  Slavery  Ex- 
tension or  Restriction  in  the  U.S.  from  1787  to  1856,  N.Y., 
1856,  Svo;  several  edits. 

"  With  a  shrewd,  clear  intellect,  an  astonishingly  vigorous  style, 
and  a  heart  easily  wrought  up  to  that  degree  of  passion  necessary 
to  the  production  of  the  best  kind  of  writing,  he  fears  not  the 
quill  of  any  man  living.'' — ii/«  of  Horace.  Grcdny.  in  Modern  Agi- 
tators, hy  b.  W.  Biirtklt,  N.  V'tK;  1855.  l'2uio.  q.  v. 

"  His  writings  embrace  every  variety  of  style — classic  beauty, 
exquisite  pot;tiy.  graphic  description,  vapid  commonpl.ice.  the  full 
gemblage  of  originality,  the  moon  in  the  mist,  and  the  ignis  futuus 
light  of  whimsii'iil  nonsense.  .  .  -  His  widely-circulated  journal 
contains  good  specimens  of  acute  wit,  critical  reasoning,  solid 
argument,  brilliant  invective,  profound  philosophy,  beautiful 
poetrv,  and  moving  eloquence,  mixed  with  the  opposite  of  these. 
..."  He  is  the  great  recording  secretary  of  this  Continent,  em- 
ployed by  the  masses  to  take  notes  and  print  theui." — Life  of 
Borace  Gredeij.  in  Off-Hand  Taldngs,  by  G.  W.  Bungay,  iV.  York, 
1854,  l'2mo.  q.  V. 

See  also  Putnam's  Mag.  for  July,  1855. 
Green.     See  also  Greene. 

Green,  General  Collection  of  Voyages  and  Travels, 
Lon.,  1745,  4  vols.  4to. 

Green,  Examination  of  Godwin's  Political  Justice, 
Ac,  Lon.,  1798.  Svo. 

Green,  Andrew.  1.  Essay  on  the  State  of  the  Jews, 
1800.     2.  Impulicy  of  the  Laws  of  Usury,  1812,  Svo. 

Green,  Ashbel,  V.D.M.,  17G2-184S,  a  native  of 
Ilanuver,  Xew  Jersey,  served  for  some  time  in  the  Revo- 
lutionary army,  and  afterwards  taught  school ;  graduated 
at  Princeton  College  in  1783;  Prof,  of  Mathematics  and 
natural  philosophy  in  the  college,  17S5-S7;  ordained 
in  1787  ;  chaplain  to  Congress.  1782-lSOO  ;  President  of 
Princeton  College,  1812-22.  For  particulars  respecting 
the  ministerial  and  official  career  of  this  excellent  man, 
the  reader  is  referred  to  the  Life  of  Ashbel  Green,  V.D.M. 
Begun  to  be  written  by  himself  in  his  eighty-second  year, 
and  continued  to  his  eighty-fourth.  Prepared  for  the 
Press,  at  the  Author's  request,  by  Joseph  H.  Junes,  Pastor 
of  the  Sixth  Presbyterian  Church,  Philadelphia.  N. 
York,  1849.  Svo,  pp.  628.  Dr.  Green  pub.  ten  occasional 
Sermons,  1790-1836;  six  Addresse.s  Reports,  &c.,  1793- 
1836;  Hist,  of  Presbyterian  Missions,  1  vol.  ;  Lectures  on 
the  Shorter  Catechism,  2  vols,  12mo;  Discourses  on  the 
College  of  New  Jersey,  together  with  a  History  of  the 
College,  1822  ;  a  large  proportion  of  the  contents  of  The 
Christian  Advucate,  12  vols.,  Phila.,  1822-34. 

"  The  character  of  his  mind  is  impressed  on  his  writings.  His 
lectures  on  the  Shorter  Catechism,  the  sermon  on  the  union  of 
science  and  religion,  which  he  prepared  and  putilished  while  Pre- 
sident of  the  Ci'Uege  of  .New  Jersey,  and  the  Christian  Advocate, 
a  religious  periodical,  which  he  for  a  number  of  years  conducted 
with  so  much  ability  and  usefulness,  will  long  remain  clear  proofs 
that  he  possessed  a  mind  of  high  order."'— Kev.  J.  J.  Janlwat.  D.D. 
*'  On  the  whole,  I  esteem  him  as  among  the  ripest  scholars,  the 
most  able  divines,  the  most  useful  men,  which  our  country  has 
produced.  Ilis  name  will  be  more  closely  connected  with  the  his- 
tory and  progress  of  the  Presbyterian  Church,  one  hundred  years 
hence,  than  that  of  any  of  his  predecessors.  He  well  deserves  a 
name  and  a  place  among  'The  Lights  of  the  American  Pulpit.'— 
Kev.  N.  iMuRBAV,  D.D.     See  conclusion  of  this  article. 

"We  always  read  his  writings  with  approbation  of  the  just 
sentiments  and  the  vigorous  thinking  which  they  indicate;  but 
sometimes  feeling  as  if  the  writer  would  have  attained  a  still 
more  spirited  and  nervous  style  if  he  had  been  less  painfully 
scrupulous  in  weighing  every  sentence  which  he  penned  in  the 
Bcalesof  the  strictest  historical  verity."— Kev.  Samuel  Miller.  D.D. 
"As  a  writer,  his  style  is  not  uulike  that  of  his  model.  Dr. 
■Witherspoon.  remarkably  perspicuous-  .showing  a  clear  percep- 
tion of  his  subject ;  it  is  chaste,  wholly  free  from  all  that  is  quaint, 
affected,  foreign  and  barbarous.  The  grand  quality  of  Dr.  Green's 
style  maybe  said  to  have  been  strength;  by  means  of  which, 
even  when  the  thought  was  familiar,  it  was  carried  to  the  mind 
with  unusual  condensation  and  force.  .  .  .  Ilis  Lectures  on  the 
Shorter  Catechism  are  probably  the  most  useful  and  generally 
popular  of  all  his  instructive  works." — Kev,  .Joseph  H.  Joxes, 
D.D. :  Life  of  Dr.  Green,  to  which  we  are  indebted  for  the  preceding 
extracts. 

Green,  B.     Examples  in  Drawing,  1796. 
Green,  Charles.     Astronomical  Observations;  PhiL 
Trans.,  1771. 

Green,  Edward.  1.  The  Spirit  of  the  Bankrupt 
Laws,  4th  e.l.,  with  Precedents,  Lon.,  1780,  Svo.  2.  Observa- 
tions on  the  Drama,  1803,  Svo. 

Green,  or  Greene,  EdAvard  Barnaby,  d.  17S8, 
trans.  Anacrcon,  Apollonius  Rhodius,  and  portions  of 
Pindar;  paraphrased  Persius  ;  pub.  two  odes,  and  Strictures 
relative  to  the  Rowley  Poems,  Critical  Essays,  and  Poeti- 
cal Essays,  1770-S4. 

Green,  Frances  Harriet,  formerly  Miss  Whipple, 
a  native  of  Smithfieldj  Rhode  Island,  commenced  her  lite- 


GKE 

rary  career  by  poetical  contributions  (1S30-35)  to  the 
(leriudicals  of  the  clay.  Ik-r  first  vol.  was  Memoirs  of 
Eleanor  Elljridge,  a  coloured  woman,  of  which  more  than 
oO.OdU  copies  were  sold.  She  has  since  pub.  The  Me- 
chanic. 18J1  ;  Might  and  Right,  an  account  of  the  Dorr 
Insurrection,  1S41:  Nanuntenoo,  a  Legend  of  the  Narra- 
gansetts.  in  six  cantos,  of  which  the  lirst  three  were  pub. 
in  Phila.  in  1S48;  .Analytical  Cl.ass-Book  of  Botany.  1855. 
.She  has  also  contributed  largely  to  "  Reform  periodicals," 
and  for  some  time  (in  1842)  edited  The  Wampanoag  and 
(in  1S48)  The  Young  People's  Journal  of  Science,  Litera- 
ture, and  Art.  See  Griswold's  Female  Poets  of  America. 
Green,  F'rancis,  of  Boston,  Mass.,  d.  1809,  aged  07, 
pub.  a  dissertation  on  the  art  of  imparting  speech  to  the 
deaf  and  dumb,  (1783  ;)  essays  on  the  same  subject  in  the 
newspapers  ,•  and  trans,  the  letters  of  the  Abbe  I'Epee. 

Green,  G.  Dissertatio  de  Regno  Magnae  Britannia;, 
Witteb..  16t;r.  4to. 

Green,  Henry  W.,  LL.D.,  Chief-Justice  of  New  Jer- 
sey. Reports  of  Cases  in  Ct.  of  Chancery  of  N.  Jersey, 
Elizabethtown,  1842-46,  2  vols.  Svo. 

Green,  Horace,  M.D.,  LL.D.,  b.  Dec.  24,  1802,  in 
Rutland  county,  Vermont;  President  of  the  Faculty  and 
Emeritus  Prof."  of  Theory  and  Practice  of  Medicine  in  the 
N.  York  Med.  Coll. :  Corrcsp.  Mem.  Lon.  Med.  Society,  Ac. 
1.  Treatise  on  Diseases  of  the  Air- Passages,  N.Y'ork,  184B, 
8to.     This  excellent  work  has  reached  the  3d  edit. 

'•The  author  has  made  a  most  valuable  addition  to  practical 
medicine.  .  .  .  We  have  adopted  the  mode  ot  treatment  recom- 
mended bv  him.  and  corroborate  his  statements  as  to  its  great 
value."— £/■!(.  and.  Fnr.  Mtd.  Jiei: 

2.  Pathology  and  Treatment  of  the  Croup,  1849,  12rao. 
3.  On  the  Surgical  Treatment  of  the  Polypi  of  the  Larynx, 
and  the  (Edema  of  the  Glottis. 

•'  Dr.  Green  has  won  very  marked  distinction  in  the  profession, 
l>y  his  bold,  novel,  and  highly-successful  treatment  of  diseases 
of  the  aii--tubes,  which  had  very  generally  been  deemed  incurable ; 
aud  his  skill  and  experience  in  this  particular  department  of 
surj^ery  probably  qualifies  him  to  treat  the  subject  with  more 
knowledj^e  aud  contidence  than  any  other  writer  on  this  side  the 
Atlantic." 

4.  In  1S56,  Dr.  Green  pub.  a  Report,  with  a  Statistical 
Tabic,  of  106  Cases  of  Pulmonary  Diseases  treated  by  In- 
jections into  the  Bronchial  Tulws  with  a  Solution  of  Nitrate 
of  Silver. 

'■I  have  only  to  say  that  I  have  confirmed  the  statements  mad© 
by  Dr.  Horace  Green:  I  have  introduceii  the  catheter  publicly  in 
the  cliuical  wards  of  tlie  Royal  lulirniary,  iu  seven  patients.  I  think 
it  important  that  these  facts  should  be  known  to  the  profession,  as 
a  homage  justly  due  to  the  talents  of  a  distinguished  transatlantic 
physician,  and  with  a  view  of  recommending  a  practice  which,  if 
judiciously  employed,  may  form  a  new  era  in  the  treatment  of  pul- 
monary d"isease."~PR0P.  J.  H.  Ben.vett  ;  Edin.  Skd.  Jour. 

5.  Selections  from  the  Favorite  Prescriptions  of  Living 
American  Practitioners,  N.Y'.,  1858. 

Dr.  G.  has  contributed  a  number  of  papers  to  the  Lon- 
don Lancet,  the  .American  Medical  Monthly,  SilUman'9 
Journal,  and  the  New  York  Journal  of  Medicine. 

Green,  J.     A  Refutation  of  the  Apology  for  Actors, 

Lon..  1111,'). 

Green,  J.  Privileges  of  the  Lord  M.ayor.  Ac.  1709,  '22. 

Green,  J.     1.  Spelling  Book,  Lon.,  1721,  12mo.     2.  A 

Chart  of  N.  and  S.  America,  &c.,  1753,  fob     3.  Remarks 

in  support  of  the  above  Chart,  1753,  4to. 

Green,  James.  Golden  Numbersj  rel.  to  Easter, 
Lon..  1755,  Svo. 

Green,  James,  Lieut.,  R.N.  1.  Critical  Essays, 
Lrui.,  1770.  Svo.  2.  Hist.  Essay  on  Govts.,  Edin.,  1793, 
Svo.     3.  British  Constitution. 

Green,  James  S.  Reports  of  Cases  Supreme  Ct.  N. 
Jersey.  1831-36.  Trenton.  1833-3S,  3  vols.  Svo. 

Green,  J.  H.,  the  Reformed  Gambler.  1.  Gambling 
Exposed,  Phila.,  12mo.  2.  The  Gambler's  Life.  3.  Secret 
Band  of  Brothers.  4.  The  Reformed  Gambler ;  an  Auto- 
biography ;  new  eds..  1S58. 

Green,  John,  Curate  of  Thurnscoe,  Yorkshire.  I.  Nine 
Discourses,  1711,  Svo.  2.  Serm.,  1711,  Svo.  3.  Grace  aud 
Truth.  Ac.  1752-62,  Svo.     4.  Serm.,  1763,  Svo. 

Green,  John.  1.  Journey  from  Aleppo  to  Damascus 
in  1725,  Lon.,  1736,  Svo.  2.  Collec.  of  Voyages  and  Tra- 
vels. 1745-47,  4  vols.  4to.  A  collection  of  great  value,  aud 
the  original  of  the  Abbe  Prevost's  Collection.  See  Cens. 
Lit,  411,  412;  2d  ed.,  1815. 

Green,  John.  A  con,  on  nat.  philos.  to  Phil.  Trans., 
1739. 

Green,  John,  D.D.,  1706-1779,  a  native  of  Beverley, 
Y'orkshire,  was  a  sizar,  and  became  (in  1730)  a  Fellow,  of 
St.  John's  Coll.,  Camb. ;  Regius  Prof,  of  Divinity,  1748; 
Master  of  Bene't  Coll.,  1750;  Dean  of  Lincoln,  1756; 
Bishop  of  Lincoln,  1761;  Canon  Residentiary  of  St.  Paul's, 

731 


GRE 

1771.  He  pub.  ten  occasional  serms.,  1749-73  •  The  Aca- 
demic, 1750;  and  was  one  of  the  authors  of  the  Athenian 
Letters  pub.  by  Philip  Yorke,  Earl  of  Hardwicke:  best 
ed.,  l,i)h,  2  vols.  4to.  See  Chalmers's  Biog.  Diet.,  and 
authorities  there  cited. 

Green,  John,  Curate  of  St.  Saviour's,  Southwark. 
1.  .Serm.,  Lon.,  1757,  4to.  2.  Nine  Serms.,  1758,  Svo. 
3.  Eight  Serms.,  1758,  Svo.  4.  Serm.,  175'J. 
Green,  Jolin.  Serm.,  1764,  4to. 
Green,  John  Richards,  t.  e.,  John  Gifford,  q.  t. 
Green,  Joseph,  1700-1780,  a  native  of  Boston,  Mass., 
graduated  at  Harvard  in  1726,  and  subsequently  became  a 
distiller.  He  was  a  man  of  great  wit,  and  wrote  a  number 
of  satirical  poems,  Ac,  among  the  best-known  of  which 
are  Entertainment  for  A  AVinter's  Evening;  a  burlesque 
on  a  Psalm  of  Mather  Byles ;  The  Land-Bank;  Account 
of  the  celebration  of  St.  John  ;  and  A  Mournful  Lamenta- 
tion for  the  Death  of  Old  Mr.  Tenor.  His  political  pieces 
were  in  favour  of  the  principles  of  freedom.  An  interest- 
ing account  of  Green  will  be  found  in  Duyokincks'  Cyc. 
of  Amer.  Lit. 

Green,  Mrs.  Mary  Anne  Everett.  1.  Letters  of 
Roy.al  and  Illust.  Ladies  of  (i.  Britain,  now  first  pub.,  with 
Hist,  Notices,  Lon,,  1846,  3  vols.  p.  Svo.  2.  Lives  of  the 
Princes.se.»  of  England,  1S49-55,  6  vols.  p.  Svo;  2d  ed.,  1857 
'•  In  clusing  this  last  review  of  the  work,  we  cannot  flnnllv  part 
fiom  Mrs.  (.reen  without  again  beaiiug  our  testimony  to  the  «ire- 
fu  research  and  diligent  examination  of  authorities  whi.  h  each 
volume  displays.  Along  the  line  of  .six  hundred  years  much  inci- 
denta  lijrht  has  been  thrown,  not  only  on  English  but  on  Conti- 
nental history;  aud  as  a  valuable  contribution  towards  loth  we 
recommend  these  volumes."— i,™.  Aihmaim.  1855,  64;i-6Sl 

■■  As  a  companion  to  Wiss  Strickland's  Memoiis  of  the  English 
«ueens  this  work  may  claim  a  similarly  wide  audience,  and  help 
to  popularize  historical  taste.s."—io„.  £j.a„,,„,r. 

3.  Letters  of  Queen  Henrietta  M.aria,  1857.  p.  Svo  4 
iTfJf^f^'f '«J'''P"'''  *™'s-.  IS08-59.  See  Lon.  Athen.; 
1858,  Pt.  1,  457.  Pt.  2,  386 ;  Lemon,  Robert.  Mrs.  Green 
has  in  preparation  The  Queens  of  the  House  of  Brunswick 
Green,  Matthew,  1697-1737,  an  officer  in  the  London 
Custom-House,  was  noted  for  bis  wit  and  poetical  abilities. 
•  ■  ■L'"',''''""".  l''*2.  privately  printed,  afterwards  inserted 
',°  ,?''^'''=^  a  Collection,  vol.  v.  2.  The  Spleen  ;  a  Poem, 
1/.J7,  Svo.  Published  by  Glover,  the  author  of  Leonidas, 
who  h,ad  urged  the  author  to  its  completion  as  it  now 
st.ands  It  was  subsequently  pub.  in  Dodsley's  Collection, 
and  also  in  the  2d  ed.  of  Dr.  Johnson's  Poets.  In  1796 
Svo  Cadell  .ind  Davies  pub.  The  Spleen  and  other  Poems! 
with  a  Pref.  Essay  by  Dr.  Aikin.  Green's  Poetical  Works 
were  pub.  in  1S54,  by  the  Rev.  R.  A.  Willmot,  in  the  same 
vol.  with  those  of  Gray,  Parnoll,  Collins,  and  J.  "iVarton 

^fo."«'/"if '*"■"•  '^^^■'^  '**^"'  Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  1849! 
Pt.  2,  468.  Pope  remarks  that  there  is  a  great  deal  of 
onginahty  in  The  Spleen  ;  and  Gray,  in  his  correspondence 
with  Horace  Walpole,  observes  of  Green's  poems,  then 
pub.  in  Dodsley  s  Collection : 

"There  i.s  a  profusion  of  wit  everywhere;  reading  would  have 
no'tTf  n'^^h""'!;""".'!"?  hf  """i-ed  hisverse.  for  even  Ids  wood- 
noUs  often  break  out  into  strain.s  of  real  poetry  aud  music."  See 
Johnson  and  t  li:ilineis's  IViets.  1810 

Green,  Kalph.     Porter-Brewer.  Ac,  Lon.,  1765,  fol. 
Green,  Richard,  D.D.     Serm.,  1745,  4to 
Green,  Richard,  D.D.     Serm.,  1756,  4to 
Green,  Richard  W.    1.  Gradations  in  Algebra,  Phil., 

12mo      2.   Key  to  do.,  ]2mo.     3.  Little  Reckoner/lSmo 

4.  Arithmedcal  Guide,  18mo. 

Green,  Robert.     See  Greene. 

Green,  Robert.  Hand-Drill  for  sowing  Peas,  Beans, 
ic. ;  Nic.  Jour..  1804.  ' 

Green,  Robert.  On  Under  Draining  Wet  and  Cold 
Lands,  Lon.,  1S42,  Svo. 

•■•rbis  1,00k  has  been  very  little  noticed,  though  written  on  a 
most  import.«t  suhject,  as  the  title  comprehends  al  11  he  lands 
that_ require  to  be  drained.'-Z>«,„Ws„n'.,  AgricuH.  Dion 

Green,  Rupert.  The  Secret  Plot;  a  Tragedy,  1777 
12mo.  &     j^    •  <  I, 

'■I'roduced  before  he  was  nine  years  aUr-Bioq.  Dramat 
Green,  S.     Romances,  history,  .itc.,  1806-12 
Green,  Samuel.     .Serms.,  Lon.,  1786,  Svo  ' 
Green,  Thomas.  Serms.,  ic,  1750.  '64,  '68,  all  I'mo 
.'^'■•^•^"'"■■^^-'■eeue,  Thomas,  1658-1738,  a  n.ntive 
of  Norwich;  Fellow  of  Bene't  Coll.,  16S0;  Vicar  of  Min- 
ster, Thanet,  1695;  Master  of  Bene't  Coll.,  1698-  Arch 
deacon  of  Canterbury,  1708;  Vicar  of  St.  Martin's-in-the 
Fields     \\estunnster,    1716;    Bishop   of    Norwich,   1721; 

15,  16,  21,  23,  '24,  '26,  '27.  '34.  His  principal  works  are 
upon  the  Lord's  Supper,  1710  ;  The  Pri'nciple's  of  Rdigion 
1726;  .and  the  Four  Last  Tbint-s    1734         ■ 

'^'"'tI?  '^''»""»«'     On  Enthusiasm,  Lon.,  1755,  Svo. 


GRE 

Green,  or  Greene,  Thomas,  D.D.,  Dean  of  Sarum. 
Serm.  on  1  Chron.  .\xix.  14,  Lou.,  1767.  Svo. 
■  tj'reen,   Thomas.     An  Ancient   Urn;   Trans.   Irish 
Acad.,  1787. 

Green,Thomas,  Jr.,  of  Liverpool.    Miscell.  Poetry. 
Lon.,  ISOS),  12mo. 

Green,  Thomas,  1769-1825,  a  native  of  Ipswich, 
entered  the  Middle  Temple,  but  devoted  his  time  to  travel 
and  literary  research.  He  pub.  a  work  on  the  theory  of 
Morals,  and  Extracts  from  the  Diary  of  a  Lover  of  Litera- 
ture, Ipswich,  1810,  4to.  Alter  Mr.  G.'s  decease,  further 
extracts  from  the  original  MS.  from  which  the  above  work 
was  printed  were  pub.  in  The  Gentleman's  Magazine,  Jan. 
18u4,  &c.  Prefixed  to  the  first  extract  will  be  found  a 
biographical  account  of  the  author.  It  is  to  be  reoretled 
that  the  whole  of  the  Diary  was  not  given  to  the  world 
i^T^/'if"'  ^»'<'"t'ne.  1.  Polite  Arts  in  France,  Lon., 
1732,  83,  4to.  2.  Survey  of  Worcester,  Worces.,  1764, 
Svo.  New  ed.,  1796,  2  vols.  4to.  3.  Discovery  of  the 
Body  of  K.  John,  Lon.,  1797,  4to.  4.  Cat,  of  Callot's 
Works,  1804. 

Green,  W.     Abyssus  Mali;  or.  Corruption  of  Man's 
Nature,  1676,  Svo. 
"Very  excellent."— Pa/mfr's  Nonamf.,  vol.  li. 
Green,  VV.,  and  Penn,  Johii.    Moral  and  Religious 
Essays,  Lon.,  1776,  2  vols.  12mo. 

Green,  Wni.,  d.  1794,  Fellow  of  Clare  Hall.  Camb  • 
Rector  of  Hardingham.  Norfolk.  1.  The  Song  of  Deborah, 
reduced  to  metre;  with  a  new  trans,  and  comment.,  with 
Notes,  Lon.,  1753,  4to.  2.  New  Trans,  of  the  Pr.ayer  of 
Habakkuk,  the  Prayerof  Moses,  and  the  CXXXIX  Ps  with 
a  Comment,,  Ac,  Camb.,  1755,  4to.  3.  New  Trans,  o'f  the 
Psalms  from  the  Hebrew,  with  Notes,  &c.,  Lon.,  1763  Svo 
'•  .Many  of  the  Rsalms  arc  consideralily  improved  iu  this  vJrsion! 
but  as  .a  whole.  It  IS  inferior  to  the  next  work  of  the  author 
[Poetical  Parts,  kcf'—Ormt's  Bill  Bib.  ' 

_  "  Some  judicious  alterations  in  the  version,  and  valuable  crili- 
cisms  in  the  notes.  .  The  language  of  the  translation,  thouph 
correct,  hath  neither  that  force  nor  harmony  which  we  find  in  the 
common  version  of  our  liibles."— ion.  MmUh.  Jter.,  O.  S.,  xxviii  267 
4  Poetical  Parts  of  the  0.  Test,,  trans,  from  the  Hebrew' 
with  Notes,  Camb.,  1781,  4to.  In  German,  by  J.  F.  Roos 
Gessa',  1781. 

"■These  tianslations  are,  in  general,  very  accurate  and  elegant 
specimens  of  biblical  interpretation.     The  iotes  are  not  numeTous 

°' nl^'^^"!,  IV'^T'/  ""'•''  f^""''  '•'"''■  ""d  ^""-d  criticism." 

—OiVKsBM.Bzb.     Aud  see  the  Lon.  Mouth,  liev..  O  S    Iviii  1-8 

Green  also  made  trans,  from  Isaiah,  1776;  Horace  177?" 

83:^  Virgil,  1783;  and  Ovid,  1783.  '  ' 

,  ,*^''o"V  V""'  '■  ^'''■'"'*  °°  ""^  l^n-Us,  180S-09,  atlas 
lol.  >.  ,8  Studies  from  Nature,  Lon.,  1809,  '18,  fob;  00 
do  1810,  12mo.  3.  Tourist's  New  Guide,  Kendal,  1819  2 
v.ds.  Svo.  'The  result  of  eighteen  years'  observations  in 
Ambleside,  Keswick,  Ac 

"it  has  been  the  business  of  his  life  to  study  n.iture;  and  to 
that  business  he  brought  great  talents,  intense  perseverance,  and 
Cd'o^.b  '^?'^'""^^"'  •  ■  •  I"  ^ort.  the  great  outline  of  the 
land  of  the  Lakes  and  Mountains  is  filled  up  with  a  precision,  a 
luluess,  and  an  accuracy,  no  less  wonderful  than  delightful  "— 
Professor  John  Wilson.  ^cb^iiui. 

Green,  Wm.  A  Comp.anion  to  the  Countess  of  Hunt- 
ingdon's Hymns,  Lon.,  1809,  Svo. 

Greenaway,  Rev.  Stephen,  1713-1795.  a  clergy- 
man of  the  Ch.  of  Eng.  A  New  Trans,  of  Ecclesiastes,  Ac., 
m  3  parts,  Lon.,  1787,  Svo. 

J!,t}A^°'^^}'T'^,^f^'"'-^l  "''™  ^  purchased  this  book  in  1819, 

assuied  me  that  although  he  w,as  one  of  the  publisher.s,  it  was  the 

only;^complete  copy  be  had  ever  seen."-CMto„-'.,  ,dit.  of  the  Bible,  qv 

Lhe  author  was  no  great  Hebrew  scholar,  and 'a  great  advei- 

ZlT^^Z'^'TV'-''':''"'''  ■""  "»  "»■■''  "-'"■"^  to  be  con- 
sulted, both  on  tcclesiast.s  and  on  a  considerable  number  of  other 
passages  of  Scripture  on  which  the  writer  oB^,.rs  remtirks  III 
speaks  respectfully  of  Lowth  aud  Kennicott,  but  is  very  much  di^ 
pleased  with  Father  lIoubiL-ant,"- Onac's  BM  Bib 
Greene.     See  also  Green. 

TT  ^'f.f  If.'o*"^^"  *^-'  ''■ '"  Providence,  Rhode  Island, 
ieb.  10,  1802,  was  educated  at  Brown  University,  and  on 
leaving  college  became  a  member  of  the  bar.  Since  1834  ha 
has  occupied  a  post  under  the  city  government  of  his  native 
Idace  He  has  contributed  a  number  of  poetical  pieces  to 
periodicals,  but  never  published  a  volume  Among  hia 
Al,  r^T'\"  '-■'""P"^>'ions  "'■e  The  Baron's  Lnst  Banquet, 
Oh  !  Think  not  that  the  Bosom's  Light,  and  Old  Grimes! 
Mr.  G.  has  a  valuable  collection  of  American  poetry,  and 
It  is  hoped  that  be  will  give  the  results  of  his  researches 
in  this  department  to  the  public. 

Greene,  Alexander.     The   Politician   Cheated;   a 

Comedy,  Lon.,  1663,  4to. 

"  Whether  it  was  ever  acted  does  not  appear."— Bioff.  Pramal 

Greene,  Asa,  d.  1837,  a  New  England 'physician, 

became   a  b(,okseller  in   New   York,  and   for  some   lime 

edited  The  New  York  Evening  Transcript.     1.  The  Lifo 


GRE 


GRE 


and  Adventures  of  Dr.  Dodimus  Duckworth,  A.N.Q. :  to 
vhich  is  added  the  IlistDry  of  a  Steam  Doctor,  N.  York, 
]S33,  12mo.  2.  The  Perils  of  Pearl  Street.  1S34,  2  vols. 
12mo.  ;i.  The  travels  of  Ex-Barber  Fribbleton  in  Ame- 
rica, 1S35.  4.  A  Yankee  among  the  Nullifiers,  1S35. 
5.  A  Glance  at  New  York,  1837.  6.  Debtor's  Prison, 
1S37,  18mo.  Mr.  Greene  possessed  great  humour,  and 
de^crijitive  powers  of  no  ordinary  character. 

Greene,  Bartholomew.  His  Admonition  to  Re- 
pentance and  Amendment  of  Life, «.  «.,  8vo. 

Greene,  or  Green,  George.  1.  Lower  Normandy, 
1789,  18UI).  &c.,  Lon.,  1SU2-05,  8vo.  2.  Journey  from 
London  to  .St.  Petersburg.  IS13.  12mo. 

Greene,  George  Washington,  b.  April  S,  1811,  at 
East  Greenwich,  Kent  county,  llhode  Island,  is  a  son  of 
N.  R.  Greene,  the  son  of  the  celebrated  (ieneral  Xathanael 
Greene  of  the  Revolutionary  Army.  The  subject  of  this 
notice  was  educated  at  Brown  University,  in  which  insti- 
tution he  subse^iuently  became  Instructor  in  Jlodern  Lan- 
guages. For  many  years  he  resided  in  Europe,  chiefly  in 
Italy,  and  was  from  1837  to  '45  United  States  Consul  to 
Rnme.  Since  1862  he  has  resided  in  the  city  of  New 
York. 

1.  Life  of  General  Greene,  in  Sparks's  Amer.  Biog.,  2d 
Series,  s.  3.  Bost.,  1846.  2.  Primarv  Lessons  in  French, 
N.York,  1849,  18mo.  3.  New  ed.  of  Putz  and  Arnold's 
Ancient  Geography  and  Hist..  184tJ.  12mo.  4.  Companion 
to  Ollendorff's  French  Grammnr,  1850.  16mo.  5.  Primary 
Lessons  in  Italian,  18mo.  6.  Historical  Studies,  composed 
of  Hist,  and  Crit.  Essays,  chiefly  on  Italian  Subjects,  1S50, 
12mo.  7.  Hist,  and  Geography  of  the  Middle  Ages,  1851, 
12uio;  with  an  atlas,  8vo. 

"  A9  an  introduction  to  the  study  of  the  Middle  Ages,  it  is  all 
that  can  be  dt-'sired;  and  as  a  manual  of  rpference  for  advanced 
students  in  history,  and  even  for  tliose  who  have  traversed  the 
whole  ground  in  detail,  it  cannot  be  otherwise  than  a  most  useful 
book.  For  readers  of  every  class,  the  usefulness  of  the  book  is 
greatly  increased  by  the  felicitous  and  scholar-like  manner  in 
wliich  it  is  written." — N.  Am/r.  Rev..  Ixxiii.  271-'27;i,  q.  v. 

8.  Addison's  Complete  Works, — the  first  complete  edition 
ever  published, — including  all  of  Bishop  Kurd's  edition, 
with  numerous  pieces  now  first  collected,  and  copious  notes, 
by  Prof.  G.  W.  Greene.  A  new  issue,  in  6  vols.  12mo,  with 
Vignettes,  &c.,  New  York,  1854.     See  Addison,  Joseph. 

Mr.  G.  devoted  several  years  while  in  Europe  to  the  his- 
tory of  Italy  ;  but  his  studies  were  interrupted  on  his  return 
home,  and  he  has  never  resumed  it.  He  is  now  engaged 
in  editing  the  papers  of  his  grandfather.  Gen.  Greene,  with 
a  new  and  elaborate  life. 

In  addition  to  the  works  above  enumerated,  he  has  con- 
tributed many  papers  on  historical  and  critical  subjects  to 
The  North  American  Review,  The  Christian  Review,  The 
Knickerbocker  Magazine,  Harper's  Magazine,  and  Put- 
nam's Magazine. 

Greene,  John.     Sermg.,  1644,  '47,  both  4to. 
Greene,  John.     Serm.,  1713,  Svo. 
Greene,  John.     Serm.,  &c.,  1723-28,  all  Svo. 
Greene,  John.     Serm.,  1737,  Svo. 
Greene,  John.     Beauty;  a  Poem,  Lon.,  1755,  4to. 
Greene,  John.     Theolug.  and  Med.  Treatises,  Lon., 
1755,  '66,  '72. 

Greene,  Joshua.  Index  to  Cases  in  Admiralty,  &c., 
Lon.,  1818,  Svo. 

Greene,  Ulaurice,  d.  1755,  a  composer  of  English 
cathedral  music,  made  collections  with  a  view  to  publica- 
tion of  cathedral  music.  These  were  used  by  Dr.  AVilliam 
Boyee  in  the  splendid  work  already  noticed  hy  us. 

Greene,  Max.  The  Kansas  Region,  N.  York,  1856. 
Contains  a  large  amount  of  information. 

Greene,  Nathaniel,  b.  at  Boscawen,  New  Hamp- 
shire, May  20,  1797,  has  been  connected  at  difi"erent  times 
with  The  New  Hampshire  Patriot,  The  Concord  Gazette, 
The  New  Hampshire  Gazette,  The  Haverhill  Gazette,  The 
Essex  Patriot,  and  The  Boston  Statesman.  In  1S29  he 
became  postmaster  of  Boston.  He  has  pub.  a  number 
of  translations  from  the  Italian,  German,  and  French. 
1.  Storia  d'ltalia,  di  G.  Sforzosi,  Italia,  1830.  This  work 
was  trans,  by  Mr.  Greene  for  Harper's  Family  Library. 

*'  Some  praise  is  due  to  Sforzosi.  who  has  condensed  into  one 
Tolume  the  whole  history  of  Italy,  ancient  and  modern.  Uis 
work  has  been  happily  translated  into  Enelish  by  a  competent 
scholar  in  this  country.  It  however  had  no  higher  aim  than  to 
be  an  elementary  work,  and  is  only  to  be  recommended  in  that 
character." — A''.  Amer.  Jiev.,  xlviii,  350. 

2.  Tales  from  the  German.  Trans,  by  N.  Greene,  Bost., 
1837,  2  vols.  12mo. 

'■  Mr.  Greene  h.is  been  fiivourably  known  by  his  previous  trans- 
lation of  Sforzosis  Italian  History,  for  Messrs.  Harper's  Edition 
of  the  Family  Library.  We  hope  he  will  find  leisure  to  continue 
his  literary  pursuits,  and  that,  since  be  has  the  power,  he  will  also 


have  the  inclination,  to  enrich  his  native  literature  by  transplant- 
in;,'  such  beautiful  exotics  iuto  it  sis  the  Tales  from  the  German." 
—  Wm.  H.  Presiott  :  A'.  Amer.  it'ec,  xlvi.  loC-161,  g.  v. 

Greene,  R.  A.  and  J.  W.  Lumpkin.  The  Georgia 
Justice,  Milledg.,  1S35,  Svo. 

"This  work  is  a  mere  compilation  of  the  statutes  of  Georgia, 
relating  to  the  duties  of  Justices  of  the  Peace." 

Greene,  R.  W,  The  King  v.  O'Grady,  Dubl.,  1816, 
'18,  Svo. 

Greene,  Richard.  Artificial  Cheltenham  Water, 
Nicbol.  Jour.,  1S(I9. 

Greene,  Robert,  1560?-]o92,  an  English  poet  and 
miscellaneous  writer,  noted  alike  for  his  good  ailvice  and 
bad  example,  was  a  native  of  Ipswich,  and  educated  at 
St.  John's  Coll.,  Camb.  After  leaving  college  he  travelled 
on  the  continent,  and  upon  his  return  home  is  supposed 
to  have  taken  orders  and  received  the  living  of  Tollesbury 
in  Essex,  June  19,  1584.  He  was  a  boon  companion  with 
the  dissipated  wits  of  the  day,  deserted  a  lovely  Hil'e,  lived 
a  profligate  life,  occasionally  chequered  with  partial  re- 
pentance, and  died  of  a  surfeit  of  pickled  herrings  and 
Rhenish  wine.  In  his  Groat's  Worth  of  AVit  bought  with 
a  Million  of  Repentance,  written  not  long  before  his  death, 
and  other  pieces  of  a  similar  character,  he  laments  his 
profligate  career  and  exhorts  his  former  comij;inions  to 
forsake  their  evil  ways.  His  works,  which  consist  of 
plays,  poems,  fictions,  and  tracts  upon  the  manners  of  the 
day,  are  very  numerous.  Mr.  Haslewood,  in  the  Censura 
Literaria,  x.  288-300,  gives  a  list  of  forty-five,  to  which 
he  adds  five  which  have  been  ascribed  to  him  ;  and  Mr. 
Octavius  Gilchrist  increases  the  catalogue  (Ceus.  Lit.,  x. 
380}  by  the  names  of  three  more.  Further  information 
respecting  his  works  will  be  found  in  the  authorities  cited 
below.  The  following  is  a  list  of  the  contents  of  the  edit, 
of  Greene's  Works  pub,  iu  1S31,  2  vols.  cr.  Svo,  by  the 
Rev.  A.  Dyce: 

Vol.  I.  Account  of  Greene  and  his  Writings;  Orlando 
Furioso ;  A  Looking-GIass  for  London  and  England ; 
Friar  Bacon  and  Friar  Bungay;  Specimen  of  the  famous 
Historic  of  Fryer  Bacon.  11.  Alphonsus,  King  of  Arra- 
gon  ;  James  the  Fourth;  George-a-Greene,  the  Pinner  of 
Wakefield;  History  of  George-a-Greene;  Ballad  of  the 
Jolly  Finder  of  Wakefield,  with  Robin  Hood,  Scarlet,  and 
John;  Poems;  Addenda,  and  Index  to  the  Notes. 

Of  the  manner  in  which  Mr.  Dyce  has  discharged  his 
editorial  duties  we  have  already  had  occasion  to  speak; 
see  Dyce,  Rev.  Alexander.  As  an  author,  Greene's 
merits  are  undoubtedly  considerable;  and  it  is  greatly  to 
be  regretted  that  he  was  not  always  in  the  moral  vein 
which  presents  so  striking  a  contrast  to  his  loose  habits. 
Wood  does  not  speak  of  his  productions  with  much  respect: 

"  He  was  a  pastoral  sonnet-maker,  and  author  of  several  things 
whii.h  were  pleasing  to  men  and  women  of  his  time.  They  made 
much  sport,  and  were  valued  among  scholars;  but  since,  they 
have  beeu  mostly  sold  on  ballad-mongers'  stall s."^Ji(/s(i  Oxon. 

We  quote  some  more  recent  opinions  : 

'•Those  I  have  perused  display  a  rich  and  glowing  fancy,  much 
origiuality  and  universal  command  of  langu.ige,  combined  with 
an  extensive  knowledge  of  the  world.  Uis  crowded  similes  are  in 
unison  with  those  of  the  period  when  he  wrote,  and  prove  him  a 
disciple  of  the  then  fashionable  Euphean  sect;  they  are  in  sent^ral 
well  selected,  appositely  Mpplied.  and  quaintly  amuse  while  his 
moral  instructs.  He  possessed  considerable,  if  not  first-rate,  abili- 
ties, and  it  is  inconsistent  to  measure  either  poetry  or  prose  by  any 
standard  of  criticism  erected  two  centuries  after  the  decease  of  the 
author."' — IIasllwood;  Censura  Literaria,  ii.  288-300,  q.  v. 

"He  had  great  vivacity  of  intellect,  a  very  inventive  inia^'ination, 
extensive  reading,  and  his  works  abound  with  frequent  and  success- 
ful allusions  to  the  Classics.  It  is  surprising  to  see  bow  polished 
and  how  finished  some  of  his  pieces  are  when  it  is  considered  that 
he  wrote  most  of  them  to  supply  his  immediate  necessities,  and  iu 
quick  succession  one  to  another."— Ji£L0E;  Anec.  of  Lib.  and  ^arce 
Books. 

'■  It  must  be  confessed  that  many  of  the  prose  tracts  of  Greene 
are  licentious  and  indecent;  but  there  are  many  also  whose  object 
is  useful  and  whose  moral  is  pure.  They  are  written  with  great 
vivacity,  several  are  remarkable  for  the  most  poignant  raillery,  all 
exhibit  a  glowing  warmth  of  imagination,  and  many  are  inter- 
spersed with  beautiful  aud  highly-polished  specimens  of  his 
poetical  powers.  On  those  which  are  employed  in  exposing  the 
machinations  of  his  infamous  associates,  he  seems  to  place  a  high 
value,  justly  considering  their  detection  as  an  essential  service 
due  to  his  country;  and  be  fervently  thanks  his  God  for  enabling 
him  so  successfully  to  lay  open  the  'most  horrible  Coosenages  of 
the  common  Cony-Catchers,  Cooseners.  and  Crossi> Biters,'  names 
which  in  those  days  designated  the  perpetrators  of  every  species 
of  deception  and  knavery.  .  .  .  Though  most  of  the  productions  of 
Greene  were  written  to  supply  the  wants  of  the  passing  hour,  vet 
the  poetical  effusions  scattered  through  his  works  betray  few  marks 
of  hast*  or  slovenlini-ss,  and  many  of  them,  indeed,  may  be  classed 
among  the  most  polished  and  elegant  of  their  day.  To  much 
warmth  and  fertility  of  fancy  they  add  a  noble  strain  of  feelin" 
and  enthusiasm,  together  with  many  exquisite  touches  of  the  p.v 
thetic.  and  so  many  impressive  lessons  of  morality,  as,  in  a  great 
measure,  to  alone  for  the  licentiousness  of  several  of  his  prose 
tracts.'" — D&.  Drake:  Shakspeare  and  his  limes,  I  iW,  t;27. 

733 


GRE 


GRE 


"As  a  writer  of  novels  and  pamphlets,  he  is  full  of  affectation, 
but  geneniUy  elegant,  and  sometimes  eloquent:  it  is  a  misfortune 
wbich  runs  through  his  works,  that  he  often  imitated  the  popular 
but  puerile  allusions  of  Lily.  His  invention  is  poor  from  the  want 
of  a  vigorous  imagination,  but  his  fancy  is  generally  lively  and 
graceful.  In  facility  of  expression,  and  in  the  flow  of  his  blank 
verse,  he  is  not  to  be  placed  below  his  contemporary  Peele.  His 
usual  fault  (more  discoverable  in  his  plays  than  in  his  poems)  is 
an  absence  of  simplicity;  but  his  pedantic  classical  references,  fre- 
quently without  either  t;iste  or  discretion,  he  had  in  common  with 
the  other  scribbling  scholars  of  the  time.  It  was  yhakspeare's 
good  fortune  to  be  in  a  great  degree  without  the  knowledge,  and 
therefore,  if  on  no  other  account,  without  the  deffct." — J.  Patne 
Collier:  Hist,  of  Eng.  Dram.  Poet,  iii.  153-154. 

"  Professor  Tieck.  in  the  Preface  to  his  Shakspeare's  Vorschnle, 
says  th:tt  Greene  had  'a  happy  talent,  a  clear  spirit,  and  a  lively 
imagination,'  which,  he  adds,  -chai-acterize  all  his  writings.'  I  can 
bv  no  means  concur  in  this  praise  to  its  full  extent,"  &c. — Ibid.,  iii. 
148. 

"  Greene  succeeds  pretty  well  in  that  florid  and  gay  style,  a  little 
redundant  in  images,  which  Shakspe-are  frequently  gives  to  his 
princes  and  courtiers,  and  which  renders  some  unimpassioued 
scenes  in  his  historic  plays  effective  and  brilliant.  There  is  great 
talent  shown,  though  upon  a  very  strange  canvas,  in  Greene's 
Looking-'i  lass  for  London  and  England." — IIallam:  Lit.  Hist,  of 
Earr-pe.  ii.  173. 

Mr.  Hallam  speaks  of  Greene's  novels  as  "  deplorable 
specimens,"  and  cites  the  Dorastus  and  Fawnia  as  an  ex- 
ample of 

'■liuaint,  affected,  and  empty  Euphuism." — Tfiifh.  ii.  218. 

"Greene's  style  is  in  truth  most  whimsical  and  grotesque.  He 
lived  before  there  was  a  good  model  of  familiar  pmse;  and  bis  wit, 
like  a  stream  that  is  too  weak  to  force  a  channel  for  itself  is  lost  in 
rhapsody  and  diffuseuess." — Thomas  Campbell:  Lives  of  the  Eng. 
Poets. 

But  this  was  not  the  judgment  of  his  contemporaries. 

'•  She  does  observe  as  pure  a  phrase,  and  use  as  choice  figures  in 
iier  ordinaiy  conversation,  as  any  be  i'  th'  Arcadia. 

'•  CotIo. — Or  rather  in  Greene's  works,  where  she  may  steal  with 
more  security." 

And  Oldys  does  not  hesitate  to  style  Greene 

"  One  of  the  greatest  pamphleteers  and  refiners  of  our  language 
in  his  time." 

*'  He  was  obliged  to  have  recourse  t-o  his  pen  for  a  maintenance: 
and  indeed  we  think  he  is  the  first  English  poet  that  we  have  on 
record  as  writing  for  bread." — Biog.  Dramat. 

But  this  is  a  position  which  cannot  he  demonstrated, 
though  it  has  frequently  been  adopted  as  true  by  those  who 
blindly  follow  authorities.  In  addition  to  the  many  au- 
thorities cited  above,  we  also  refer  the  reader  to  Winstan- 
ley's  Eng.  Poets ;  Langbaine's  Dram.  Poets  ;  Whalley's  ed. 
ofBen  Jonson;  British  Bibliographer;  Restituta;  Collier's 
Poet.  Deeam. J  Ritson's  Bibl.  Poet;  Berkenhout's  Biog. 
Lit.;  Gibber's  Lives  of  the  Poets;  Dodsley's  Collec.  of  Old 
Plays,  edited  by  Collier;  AVarton's  Hist,  of  Eng.  Poet.; 
Retrosp.  Rev.;  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit.;  Dibdin's  Lib.  Comp. ; 
Lowndes's  Bibl.  Man. ;  Dunlap's  Hist,  of  Fiction.  A  spe- 
cimen of  Greene's  poetical  powers  will  be  no  unwelcome 
conclusion  to  this  long  article: 

"Sweete  are  the  thoughts  that  savour  of  content, 
The  quiet  mind  is  richer  than  a  crowne: 
Sweete  are  the  nights  in  carelesse  sluml>er  spent, 
The  poore  estate  scornes  fortune's  angry  frowne: 
Such  sweete  content,  such  mindes,  such  sleepe,  such  bliss, 
Beggers  injoy.  when  Princes  oft  doe  miss." 

From  Greene's  Farewell  to  FoUie  sent  to  Courtiers  and  ScJiolers,  as 
a  president  to  warne  them  from  Die  vaine  ddighU  tluit  drawe  ToiUh 
<ni  to  repentance.,  1017,  4to. 

Greene,  Robert,  D.D.  "Works  on  divinity  and 
natural  philos..  1711.  '13,  '27. 

Greene,  Robert  Berkeley.  Geneal.  of  Christ,  as 
given  by  Matt,  and  Luke,  Lon.,  1S22,  8vo. 

"  This  Table  is  ingeniously  constructed:  the  notes  exhibit,  in  a 
small  compass,  the  result  of  much  laborious  research." — Home's 
BibL  Bib. 

Greene,  Samuel  S,,  Prof,  in  the  Normal  Department 
Brown  University,  and  Supt.  of  Public  Schools,  Provi- 
dence. 1.  Analysis  of  Eng.  Gram.,  Phila.  2.  Elements 
of  do.     3.  First  Lessons  in  do. 

Greene,  Thomas,     See  Gheepe,  Thomas. 

Greene,  Thomas.  A  Poet's  Vision  and  a  Prince's 
Glorie,  Lon.,  1603,  4to.  A  poem  dedicated  to  K.  James. 
See  Brydges's  Restituta,  iv.  1-5.  Bibl.  Anglo-Poet.,  £10 
IOj?.  Na.ssau,  Pt.  1,  1737,  £16  bs.  6d.  Greene  was  an 
eminent  comedian,  and  is  supposed  by  Malone  to  have 
been  a  relation  of  Shakspeare's  and  the  medium  of  his 
introduction  to  the  theatre.  He  is  the  hero  of  Greene's 
Tu  Quoque :  see  Cook,  or  Cooke.  John. 

"  As  for  Maister  Greene,  all  that  I  will  speak  of  him  (and  that 
without  flattery)  is  this:  if  I  were  worthy  tocensiu'e,  there  was  not 
an  actor  of  his  nature,  in  his  time,  of  better  ability  in  performance 
of  what  be  undertook,  more  applauded  liy  the  audience,  of  greater 
grace  at  the  court,  or  of  more  general  love  in  the  city." — Thomas 
llEYWOOD,  editor  of  (hoh's  Tu  Quoqnf. 

Greene,  Thomas.     Poems,  Lon.,  17S0,  12mo. 

Greene,  >Vm.  The  Sound  of  a  Voice  uttered  forth 
from  the  Mouutaine  of  the  Lord  of  Hosts,  Lon.,  1663,  -Ito. 
734 


Greene,  Wm.     Annals  of  George  IIL,  from  his  Ac- 
cession to  the  Victory  of  Trafalgar,  1807,  2  vols.  12mo. 
Greene,  Wm.  B.,  of  Massachusetts.    1.  The  Doctrine 

of  Life.     2.  A  Hypothetical  Biography,  kc. 

Greenfield,  Nalh.     Serm.,  16151  "60.  8vo. 

Greenfield,  Thomas.  Epistles  and  Miscell.  Poema, 
Lon.,  1815,  Svo. 

Greenfield,  Wm.    Algebra;  Trans.  Soc,  Edin.,  1788. 

Greenfield,  Wm.  1.  Comprehensive  Bible,  &e.,  Lon., 
1827.  cr.  4to,  demy  4to,  r.  4to,  and  imp.  4to. 

"It  has  deservedly  i*eceived  a  large  measure  of  public  approba- 
tion."— Lowndt;s's  Brit.  Lib.,  q.  v. 

2.  Novum  Testamentum,  &c.,  1829,  48mo. 

'•  The  work  does  the  highest  honour  to  the  editor's  fidelity^ 
competent  learning,  and  sound  judgment." — Lon.  Eclectic  Itev.j 
Feb.  1832,  vii.  160.     See  also  Home's  Bib.  Bib.,  29. 

3.  Polymicrian  Lexicon  to  the  N.  Test,,  1829,  48mo. 
This  is  a  companion  to  No.  2.  4.  Book  of  Genesis,  in 
English,  Hebrew,  &c.,  2d  ed. 

"  It  should  be  in  the  hands  of  all  selftaught  students." — Rev. 
R.  W.  Jelf  :  .Suggestions  respecting  the  Neglect  of  the  Hebrew  Lan- 
guage as  a  Qiudification  for  HnUj  Orders. 

5.  Book  of  the  New  Covenant,  trans,  from  the  Greek 
into  Hebrew,  1831,  fp.  Svo,  and  32mo. 

"  Gieeiitield's  philological  labours  are  extraordinary;  his  transla* 
tion  displays  profound  scholarship."' — Loivndes's  Brit.  Lift. 

A  memoir  of  this  profound  scholar  and  excellent  man 
will  be  found  in  the  London  Imperial  Mag.  for  Jan.  and 
Feb.  1834. 

Greenham,  Richard,  1531-1591,  a  Puritan  divine, 
Fellow  of  Pembroke  Hall,  Camb.,  Rector  of  Dry-Drayton. 
1.  Comfort,  Ac,  with  two  Letters,  Lon.,  1595,  24mo.  2. 
Two  Serms.,  1595,  8vo.  3.  Afflicted  Conscience,  and  two 
Serms.,  1598.  4.  Collected  Works,  by  Henry  Holland, 
1599,  4to;  2d  ed.,  same  yearj  1601,  fol.;  with  addits., 
1605,  '12,  '81,  fol. 

'•Christian  Reader!  thou  hast  here  .all  Maister  Greenh-am's 
"Works,  as  they  have  been  heretofore  gathered  and  published  by 
the  Industrie  of  that  worthy  and  painefuU  Preacher,  Maister 
llenry  Holland." 

"Greenham  on  Psalm  csix.,  in  his  works,  is  admirable,  for  the 
time  in  which  it  was  written,  both  for  method  and  style;  and, 
like  all  the  productions  of  this  author,  is  full  of  spiritual  unction." 
—Dr.  E.  Waiiams's  C.  P. 

"Greenham  excelled  in  experimental  divinity,  and  knew  how 
to  stay  a  weak  conscience — how  to  raise  a  fallen — how  to  strike  a 
remorseless  one." — Bisbop  Uall. 

"On  Mr.  Gree.nham's  Book  of  the  Sadbath. 
"  ^hileGreenham  writeth  on  the  Sabbath's  rest, 
His  Soul  enjoys  not  what  bis  pen  exprest: 
His  work  enjoys  not  what  itst-lf  doth  say, 
For  it  shall  never  find  one  resting  day. 
A  thousand  hands  shall  toss  each  page  and  line, 
"Which  shall  be  scanned  by  a  thousand  eyne. 
This  Sabbath's  rest,  or  that  .Sabbath's  unrest, 
'Tis  hard  to  say  wbich  is  the  happiest." — Bisiiop  IIaix. 

See  Clarke's  Lives,  at  the  end  of  his  Martyrology; 
Brook's  Lives  of  the  Puritans. 

Greenhill,  Joseph,  1.  The  Prophecies,  Lon.,  1755, 
Svo.  2.  Occas.  Serms.,  1755,  '56,  '67,  '68,  71,  *73,  '74. 
3.  Occas.  Letters,  17S0,  Svo. 

Greenhill,  Thomas.  1.  The  Art  of  Embalming, 
&c.,  Lon.,  1705,  4to.  2.  Med.  con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1700, 
'05.  Orcenhill  was  one  of  thirty-nine  children  by  one 
father  and  mother. 

Greenhill,  Wm.,  d.  1677?  one  of  the  Westminster 
Assembly  of  Divines;  Pteetor  of  Stepney,  1656;  ejected 
at  the  Restoration.  1.  Serm.,  Lon..  1643,  4to.  2.  Expos, 
of  Ezekiel,  1645-62,  5  vols.  4to.  First  ed.  seldom  found 
complete.  A  second  ed.  of  vol.  i.  appeared  in  1649.  New 
ed.,  revised  and  corrected  by  James  Sherman,  1837,  imp. 
Svo. 

'*  Like  all  the  productions  of  the  Puritans,  it  is  evangelical,  and 
stored  with  the  knowledge  of  the  Scriptures;  but.  like  the  most 
of  them,  it  is  distinguished  by  its  sound  doctiiual  and  practical 
views,  rather  than  by  the  elegance  of  the  composition  or  the 
critical  acumen  of  the  reasonings  and  illustrations." — Orme's  Bibl. 
Bib. 

'•Very  full  of  doctiine  aud  use." — BicJ-rrstHh's  C.  S. 

"The  Loudon  reprint  is  very  neatly  executed." — Home's  Bibl. 
Bib. 

3.  Several  Serms.,  1671.  Svo.     4.  Serm.,  1677,  4to. 

Greenhow,  Robert,  M.D.,  1S00-1S54,  a  native  of 
Richmond,  Virginia,  was  fur  some  time  translator  to  the 
Department  of  State  at  Washington,  J).  C,  and  subse- 
quently Associate  Law  Agent  to  the  United  States  Com- 
mission for  the  determination  of  Cnlifornia  claims,  sitting 
at  San  Francisco.  1.  Memoir  on  the  Northwest  Coast  of 
North  America,  N.  York,  1840,  Svo.  2.  Hist,  of  Oregon 
and  California,  1846,  Svo.  This  is  an  enlarged  ed.  of 
No.  1.     It  is  a  work  of  high  authority. 

Greening,  Henry.  1.  Forms  of  Declarations.  Ac, 
Lon.,  1837,  12mo;  2d  ed.,  1853,  12mo :  see  1  Jurist,  545; 


QtSM 


GRE 


14  Leg.  Obs.,  219.  2.  Selections  of  Leading  Statutes.  1842- 
4j).  Svo :  see  6  Jurist,  51.  3.  Common  Law  Rules  of 
Hilary  Term,  1853,  12mo. 

Greenlaw,  A.     Serm..  Lon.,  1794.  4to. 

Greeulcaf,  Benjamin,  b.  ITSii.at  Haverhill,  Mass., • 
gra'l.  D;irtm..uth  Coll.,  1S13.  The  National,  The  Introduc- 
tion or  Cumniua  School,  and  Mental,  Arithmetics,  Boston, 
1S40.     Algebra,  1852.     Practical  Surveying. 

Greenleaf,  F.  Abridgt,  of  Burn'^s  Justice..  Bost.,  1773. 

Greenlcaf,  Rev.  Joua.  Sketches  of  Eccles.  Hist. 
of  MaiuL-.  IS21,  12mo. 

Greenleaf,  Moses,  d.  1834,  aged  55,  at  Williams- 
burg, Maine.  1.  A  Statistical  View  of  the  District  of 
Maine,  Bost.,  1816,  Svo.  Reviewed  by  B.  Rand  in  N. 
Amer.  Rev.,  iii.  3fi2-425.  2.  A  Survey  of  the  State  of 
Maine.  Portland.  1S29,  Svo,  and  Atlas. 

Greenleaf,  Simon,  LL.D.,  1783-1853,  a  native  of 
Newburyport,  Mass.,  was  the  son  of  a  captain  in  the 
Revolutionary  Army,  and  a  connection  on  the  mother's 
side  of  the  family  of  the  late  Chief-Justice  Parsons  ;  com- 
menced the  practice  of  the  law  in  Standii^h,  Maine,  1806, 
and  iu  the  same  year  removed  to  Gray,  where  he  remained 
for  twelve  years;  removed  to  Portland,  1818;  appointed 
Reporter  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Maine.  1820-32;  suc- 
ceeded Prof.  Ashmun  as  Royall  Prof,  of  Law  in  the  Dane 
Law  School,  1S33  :  transferred  to  the  Dane  Professorship, 
vacant  by  the  death  of  Judge  Story.  1S46 ;  resigned  this 
post  in  consequence  of  failing  health,  1S48.  Mr.  (rreen- 
leaf  left  a  widow,  to  whom  he  was  married  in  1806,  and 
two  sons  and  two  daughters,  the  only  remaining  mem- 
bers of  a  large  family  of  children.  Professor  Greenleaf's 
principal  works  are — 1.  A  Full  Collection  of  Cases,  Over- 
ruled, Denied,  Doubted,  or  Limited  in  their  application, 
taken  from  American  and  English  Reports,  Portland, 
1S21;  3ded.,by  E.  Hammond.  N.  York,  1840.  Mr.  Green- 
leaf  was  induced  to  prepare  this  work  in  consequence  of 
having  relied  upon  a  decision  which  was  proved  to  have 
been  overruled. 

'•Mr.  Greeuleaf  will  have  rendered  tx)  his  profession  a  most 
eminent  service  if,  by  preseDtiug  so  many  examples  of  corrected 
error,  he  shall  induce  liis  brethren  to  examine  decisions  without 
fear,  and  the  courts  to  revise  them  without  reluctance." — T.  Met- 
CALF :  N.  Am^r.  Rev.,  xv.  65-72,  q.  v. :   also  vol.  xxii.  30. 

"  I  am  glad  to  hear  that  )-our  Overruled  Cases  are  printed.  I 
want  to  get  a  copy,  and  interleave  it.  so  as  to  provide  gradually 
for  a  uew  edition.  ...  I  send  you  an  additional  list  of  late  over- 
ruled cases,  which  you  can  use  when  you  have  occasion.  I  mean 
to  enlarge  it  from  time  to  time,  as  I  read  and  write." — Judge 
&TORY.  Dec.  11,  18*.il:     Slonfs  Life  and  Ldters,  i.  404. 

*-The  second  edition  purported  to  be  by  Professor  Greenleaf, 
but  he  had  nothing  to  do  with  either  the  second  or  third :  and  all 
additions,  since  the  first,  are  by  other  hands." — Marvin^s  Leg. 
BibL.  34S. 

See  also  Bentham's  Legislation,  by  Neal,  61 ;  MS.  note 
iu  Overruled  Cases  in  Dane  Law  Library. 

2.  Reports  of  Cases  in  the  Supreme  Ct.  of  Maine,  1820- 
31.  Hallowell  and  Portland,  1822-35,  9  vols.  Svo.  New 
ed.,  with  Notes  and  References  to  later  Decisions,  by  E. 
H.  Bennett,  Bost.,  1852,  9  vols,  in  8,  Svo.  The  Digest  of 
1st  ed.  was  pub.  in  9lh  vol.,  and  also  separately,  Portland, 
1835,  Svo. 

'*  You  must  not  feel  too  anxious  about  your  Reports.  A  young 
author  is  apt  to  be  unduly  sensitive  as  to  the  fate  of  his  produc- 
tions. I  have  no  doubt  as  to  the  success  of  yours;  and  I  am  sure 
that  the  profession  will  join  heartily'  in  your  favour." — Jldoe 
Story,  Dec.  11,  1821 :  Story's  Life  ami  Utters,  i.  404. 

'■  Mr.  Greenleaf  is  of  the  order  of  compendious  reporters.  He  is 
lucid  and  direct  in  his  statement  i)f  oases;  his  arguments  of 
course  are  arranged  with  logical!  exactness  and  a  well-conceived 
brevity,  which  give  us  their  outline  well,  and  yet  without  any 
siuuosities.  He  is  happy  in  his  discrimination  of  the  fmas  of  the 
reasoning  and  his  consequent  exposition  of  it.  Mr.  Greenleaf  is 
always  concise,  while  throughout  he  never  fliils  to  be  just;  and 
this  is  no  small  praise,  when  the  longest  or  most  important  case 
in  the  volume  will  be  found  to  allow  not  above  two  pat^es  to  the 
argument  of  counsel." — N.  Amer.  Rev.,  xxii.  27-34 :  notice  of  vol. 
ii.  See  4  Amer.  Jur..  133;  xiv.  23S;  2  U.  S.  Lit.  Gaz.,403;  1  U.  S. 
Rev.  and  Lit.  Gaz.,  150. 

3.  A  Treatise  on  the  Law  of  Evidence,  vol.  :.,  1842, 
ii.,  1846,  iii,,  1853.  VoL  i.  has  reached  the  Jth  ed. ; 
vol.  ii.  the  4th  ed. ;  vol.  iii.  the  2d  ed.  Before  the  ap- 
pearance of  this  work,  the  American  Bar  was  dependent 
upon  the  manuals  of  Starkie  and  Phillips.  Mr.  Green- 
leaf's  treatise  took  at  once,  and  has  ever  since  maintained, 
the  highest  rank. 

"  I  am  glad  to  hear  that  you  are  going  on  with  your  work  on 
Evidence,  which  I  shall  look  to  with  deep  interest  as  a  noble  con- 
tribution to  the  common  stock  of  the  school."' — Judge  Stort, 
Keb.  6,  1840  :  Stfyri/s  Life  and  Letters,  ii.  328. 

"It  is  no  mean  honour  to  America  that  her  schools  of  juris- 
prudence have  produced  two  of  the  first  writers  and  best-esteemed 
legal  authorities  of  this  century  ;  the  great  and  good  man  [Judge 
Story]  who  has  just  been  taken  from  us,  and  his  worthy  and 


eminent  associate.  Professor  Greenleaf.  Upon  the  existing  Law 
of  Contracts,  at>d  the  Law  of  Kvidence,  more  light  has  shone 
from  the  New  "World  than  from  all  the  lawyers  who  adorn  the 
courts  of  Europe." — Lon.  Law  Mag. 

And  see  Warren's  Law  Stu.,  2d  ed.,  755,  756  ;  27  Amer. 
Jur.,  237,  379  ;  5  Law  Rev.,  49;  vi.  521  ;  ix.  90 ;  1  Pa. 
L.  J.,  158;  Duer  on  Insur.,  170,  n. ;  Joy  on  Confessions, 
App.  B. 

4.  Examination  of  the  Testimony  of  the  Four  Evangel- 
ists, by  the  Rules  of  Evidence  administered  in  Courts  of 
Justice.  "With  an  Account  of  the  Trial  of  Jesus,  &c., 
1846,  Svo;  Lon.,  1847,  Svo. 

*'Our  grateful  acknowledgments  are  respectfully  tendered  to 
Professor  Greenleaf  for  these  his  labours.  We  the  more  value 
them  because  they  regard  »ia(i(Ts  of  fact,  which  they  treat  of 
naturally  and  appositely,  just  as  such  topics  ought  to  be  handled." 
— Christian  Reformer. 

'■The  work  is  inscribed  to  the  members  of  the  legal  profession  ; 
but  it  will  be  found  equally  interesting  to  clergymen,  and  to  all 
others  who  may  be  disposed  to  examine  the  subject." — Advert. 

'*  He  [Judge  Story]  had  studied  the  evidences  of  Christianity 
with  professional  closeness  and  care,  and  had  given  to  them  the 
testimony  of  his  fall  assent ;  and  he  has  often  been  heard  to  de- 
clare, that,m  his  judgment,  the  great  facts  of  the  gospel  history  were 
attested  In/  a  mass  of  evidence  which,  in  any  court  of  law,  woidd  be 
perfectly  satisfactory  and  crmclusive.'^ — Prof.  Greenleaf's  JJiscovrse 
commemorative  of  the  Life  and  Character  of  the  Hon.  Joseph  Story, 
LL.D. 

5.  Cruise's  Digest,  &c.  :  see  Cruise,  Wm.  We  also 
notice — 6.  A  Disci>urse  pronounced  at  the  Inauguration 
of  the  author  as  Royall  Professor  of  Law  iu  Harvard 
Univ.,  Aug.  26,  1834,  Bost,  1834.  Svo.  7.  A  Discourse 
commemorative  of  the  Life  and  Character  of  the  Hon. 
Joseph  Story,  LL.D.,  Jkc,  1845,  Svo.  This  is  an  eloquent 
tribute  to  the  merits  of  a  truly  great  man,  between  whom 
and  his  eulogist  there  existed  ties  of  the  closest  intimacy 
and  of  the  most  endearing  eharaeter.  Associated  intimately 
for  thirteen  years  in  the  Dane  Law  School,  the  friendship 
and  attachment  with  which  they  had  entered  upon  tho 
joint  discharge  of  their  duties  invigorated  and  enlivened 
their  arduous  efforts  for  the  benefit  of  the  institution 
whose  prosperity  they  had  so  much  at  heart.  It  was  at 
the  instance  of  Judge  Story  that  his  friend  was  called  to 
supply  the  place ;  but  we  shall  do  injustice  to  the  suliject 
by  using  any  other  language  than  that  which  has  already 
been  eloquently  employed  upon  this  theme: 

"  Our  connection  has  been  to  me.  indeed,  a  source  of  inexpres- 
sible pleasure  and  satisfaction.  I  recollect,  with  pride,  that  when 
Professor  Ashmun  died  my  thoughts  turned  upon  you  as  the 
man  of  all  others  best  fitted  to  supply  his  place  ;  and  the  corpora- 
tion, with  an  unanimity  and  promptitude  which  deserve  the 
highest  commendation,  seconded  the  choice.  .  .  .  But  for  you  the 
School  would  never  have  attained  its  present  rank.  Your  learn- 
ing, your  devotion  to  its  interests,  your  untiring  industry,  your 
steadfast  integrity  of  purpose  and  action,  have  imparted  to  all 
our  efforts  a  vigour  and  ability,  without  which,  I  am  free  to  say, 
that  I  should  have  utterly  despaired  of  success.  Nay,  more:  but 
for  your  constant  co-operation  and  encouragement  in  the  common 
task  I  should  have  drooped  and  lingered  by  the  way.tide.  But 
what  I  dwell  on  with  peculiar  delight,  is  the  consciousness 
that  we  have  never  been  rivals,  but  iu  working  together  have  gone 
hand  in  hand  throughout;  that  not  a  cloud  has  ever  passed  over 
our  mutual  intercourse,  and  that  we  have  lived  as  brothers 
should  live:  and,  I  trust  iu  God,  we  shall  die  such.  .  ,  .  Most 
truly  and  affectionately, 

"  Your  faithful  friend, 

"Joseph  Stort. 

"Cambridge,  January  6.  1842." 

Story's  Life  and  Inters,  ii..  409-411. 

Many  of  the  facts  recorded  in  Prof.  Greenleaf's  Discourse 
on  the  Life  and  Character  of  Judge  Story  (see  No.  7,  fuite) 
will  be  found  in  his  biographical  sketch  of  this  eminent 
jurist  in  The  National  Portrait-Gallery  of  Distinguished 
Americans.  Of  this  sketch  Judge  Story  remarks,  in  a 
letter  to  the  author,  dated  April  15,  1835, 

*■!  think  it  one  of  the  most  finished  and  elegant  compositions  I 
ever  read,  and  I  am  only  too  conscious  that  the  main  attractions 
of  the  picture  you  have  drawn  are  due  to  the  skill  and  touching 
kindness  of  the  artist.'' — Story's  Life  and  Letters,  ii.  197. 

Greenleaf,  Thomas,  Laws  of  New  York,  1777- 
97,  X.  York,  1797.  3  vols.  Svo. 

Greenly,  Lady  Cottiu.  Prac.  Serms.  for  every 
Sunday  in  the  Y'ear,  5th  ed.,  Lon.,  1843,  2  vols.  12mo. 

These  admirable  sermons  have  hitherto  been  published 
without  the  writer's  name,  and  many  thousand  copies 
have  been  sold. 

'•They  were  constantly  read  in  the  families  of  Dr.  TTuntingford, 
late  Bishop  of  II(.Mef:ird.  and  of  Dr.  Van  Mildert.  late  Bishop  of 
Durham,  the  latter  of  whom  often  regretted  he  could  not  discover 
the  author,  tliat  he  might  distinguish  him  by  preferment  in  the 
Church,  concluding  the  sermons  to  have  been  written  by  a  clergy* 
man  of  no  common  ability." — Preface  to  the  oth  Edition. 
I       Greenongh,  G.  B.     Geology,  Lon.,  1819,  Svo. 

Grcenough,  Horatio,  1806-1852,  an  eminent  Ame- 

^  rican   sculptor,  was  a  native  of  Boston,  Mass.     For  the 

particulars  of  his  career  as  an  artist,  and  a  specimen  of 

735 


GRE 


iiam  and 


his  merits  as  an  niilhor,  we  refer  the  reaJer  to  A  Memorial 
of  rloratio  lireetKiiigh,  consisting  of  a  Memoir,  and  Selec- 
tions from  his  Writings, — Essays  on  Art,  &c. — by  Henry 
T.  Tuclscrnian.  N.  York,  1853,  12mo. 

Greensted,  Francis.     Fugitive  Piece^s.  1797,  Svo. 
Greeimpi  J.     Human  Liberty,  Lon.,  17;il,  Svo. 
Greenville,  Granville,   or   Grenvillc,   Denis, 
D.D.,  d.  at   Paris,  1703,  a  son  of  Bevil  Greenville,  and 
brother  of   Sir  John   Greenville,  was   installed  Dean  of 
Durham  in  1684,  and  deprived  of  his  preferments  in  1690, 
in  eonsequence  of  his  refusal  lo  aclinowledge  Wi 
Mary.     He  pub.  several  theolog.  treatises,  serms, 
1684-89.  ^  „  ,,  .   ,, 

"  In  higotry  for  restoration  of  James  II.  he  probal)ly  excelled  all 
his  contemporaries."  , 

"  You  h.Hd  an  uncle  whose  memory  I  shall  ever  revere :  make 
him  vour  example.     Sanctity  sate  so  easy,  so  unaffected,  and  so 
Kraceful  upon  him,  that  in  him  we  beheld  the  very  beauty  of  holi- 
ness."—Lono  Lansdowne  :  in  a  Letter  to  Dean  Greenville  s  nephew. 
See  Gen.  Diet. ;    Biog.  Brit. ;    Athen.  Oxon. ;    Hutchin- 
son's Durham;  Comber's  Life  of  Comber. 
Greenville,  George.     See  6n.\NviLi,E. 
Greenway,  Dr.  James,  of  Dinwiddle  county,  Vir- 
ginia.     Agricult.,  Ac.  con.  to  Trans.  Amer.  Soc.,  iii.  226, 
231-234. 

Greenwood,  'i'oung  Artist's  Guide  to  the  Use  of 
the  Black-Lead  Pencil,  Lon.,  ob.  8vo. 

"In  this  work  the  author  has  sou[.'ht  to  exhibit  freedom  of  pen- 
cilling in  preference  to  a  style  of  finished  neatness."— XltdicalioTi 
to  Sir  M.  A.  Sliee.  ,_  ,„        ,      t 

Greenwood,  Abr.  Address  to  Young  People,  Lon., 
1796,  12mo. 

Greenwood,  Itev.Charles,  b.  1821,  at  Greenwood, 
N.  Hampshire.  The  Child  and  the  Man;  or.  Children, 
the  Sabbath  School,  and  the  World.  With  an  Introduc. 
by  Rev.  E.  N.  Kirk,  Eost.,  185.'),  12mo. 

•'  It  cannot  be  read  without  quickening  Christian  activities,  and 
should  be  widely  circulated."— jVof/onuf  J/u;/. 

Greenwood,  Daniel.  Serms.,  1672,  'SO. 
Greenwood,  Francis  William  Pitt,  D.D.,  1797- 
1843,  a  native  of  Boston,  educated  at  Harvard,  became 
pastor  of  the  New  South  Church,  Boston,  travelled  in 
Europe,  and  subsequently  settled  in  Baltimore,  and  in 
1824  was  made  associate  minister  of  King's  Chapel.  Bos- 
ton. 1.  Chapel  Liturgy.  Bost.,  1827,  12mo.  2.  Psalms 
and  Hymns,  1S30.  3.  Hist,  of  King's  Chapel,  Boston, 
1833,  12nio.  4.  Serms.  to  Children.  5.  Lives  of  the 
Twelve  Apostles,  1838,  '46.  6.  Serms.  of  Consolation, 
1842, '47  :  see  Christian  Examiner;  Christian  Register. 
7.  Serms.  on  various  subjects,  2  vols.  8vo.  8.  Miscella- 
neous Writings  edited  by  his  son,  1846,  12mo.  Dr.  G. 
was  at  one  time  editor  of  The  Unitarian  Miscellany,  and 
in  1837  and  1838  was  an  associate  editor  of  The  Christian 
Examiner,  to  which  he  was  a  frequent  contributor  for 
many  years. 

Greenwood,  Col.  George.  1.  Hints  on  Horse- 
manship, Lon.,  16mo.  2.  Cavalry  Sword  Exercise,  1840, 
12mo.  3.  The  Tree-Lifter;  or,  a  New  Method  of  Trans- 
planting Forest  Trees,  1844,  Svo. 

'•An  ingenious  treatise,  explanatory  of  a  simple,  but,  as  we 
should  suppose,  an  efficient,  machine  for  raising  trees  of  large  size, 
with  a  considerable  liole  of  earth  round  them,  so  that  their  roots 
may  not  receive  injury." — Britannia. 

Greenwood,  Grace.     See  Lippincott,  Saba  Jane. 
Greenwood,  Henry.     1.  Day  of  Judgment,  &c., 
Lon.,  1614,  Svo.      2.  Seven  Tracts  or  Serms.,  1628,  Svo. 
3.  Serm.,  1634,  Svo.     4.  Works,  13th  ed.,  1650,  12mo. 

Greenwood,  Isaac,  Prof,  of  Mathematics  at  Cam- 
bridge, New  England.  Astronom.,  &c.  con.  to  Phil. 
Trans.,  1728. 

Greenwood,  J.  B.  CoUec.  of  Statutes  and  Parts 
of  Statutes.  Ac,  Lon.,  1830,  12mo. 

Greenwood,  James.  1.  London  Vocabulary  and 
Eng.  Gram.,  Lon.,  1711,  '29,  ]2mo.  Praised  by  Bicker- 
staff  in  the  Taller.  2.  The  Virgin  Muse,  1717,  '22.  12mo. 
Greenwood,  James.  A  Rhapsody,  Lon.,  1776,  4to. 
Greenwood,  John,  a  Puritan,  executed  at  Tyburn, 
with  Hen.  Barrow,  April  6,  1593,  pub.  some  theolog.  trea- 
tises.    See  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit. 

Greenwood,  Nic.  Astronomia  Anglicana;  contain- 
ing an  absolute  and  entire  Piece  of  Astronomy  in  three 
books,  Lon.,  1689,  fol. 

Greenwood,  Thomas.  Theolog.  works,  Lon., 
1832,  A-c. 

Greenwood,  Will.  A  Description  of  the  Passion 
of  Love,  kc,  Lon.,  1657,  Svo.     The  author  h.a3 

"  Unmercifully   stolen   matter  without   any   acknowledgment 
from  Burton's  Anatomy  of  Melancholy.'" — .\NTnoNY  Wood. 
Greenwood,  Wm.     1.   Curia 


ge'liVls. 


GRE 

8th  ed.,  16S0,  12mo.     3.  County  Courts,  ic,  1668,  '75, 
1722,  Svo;  9th  ed.,  1730,  Svo. 

Greenivood,  Wm.,  D.D.     Harmony  of  the   Evan- 
lisls,  Lon.,  1766,  12mo.     Other  works. 
Grecpe,  Thomas.  Exploytcs  of  Syr  Frauncis  Drake, 
Lon     1587.  4to.     White  Knights,  1909,  £10. 

Greer,  Mrs.  J.  11.     1.  Quakerism:  or,  The  Story  of 
my  Life,  Lon.,  1851,  '52.  p.  Svo.    2.  The  Society  of  Friends; 
a  Domestic  Narrative,  1852,  '54,  2  vols.  p.  Svo. 
GreByn,  W.     See  Gkiffith. 
Greg,  John,  or  William.     See  GniOG. 
Greg,  or  Gregg,  Rev.  John  Anthony.^    1.  The 
Solitary    Frenchman;    a   Poem,    trans.    1784,    '94,    Svo. 
2.  Hierogamy.  1801,  Svo. 

Greg,  Thomas.  1.  Letter  rel.  to  Ploughing  heavy 
and  wet  Land,  Lon.,  1809,  Svo.  2.  Report  of  his  System 
of  Farmini',  ISIO,  Svo.  See  Donaldson's  Agricult.  Biog. 
Greg,  W.  Rathbone.  The  Creed  of  Christendom, 
Lon.,  1851.  Svo.  Commended  by  the  Westminster  Review, 
Prospective  Review,  Economist,  Ac. 

Gregg,  F.  1.  Law,  Ac.  of  E'kruptcy,  Lon.,  1826,  '38, 
Svo.  2.  New  B'krupt  Act,  1826,  Svo.  3.  Law,  Ac.  of 
B'kruptcy  as  regards  Meetings,  Ac,  1838,  12mo.  4.  Costs 
in  B'kruptcy,  2d  ed.,  1838,  12mo. 

Gregg,  Josiah.  Scenes  and  Incidents  in  the  Western 
Prairies.     New  ed.,  Phila.,  1856. 

Gregg,  T.D., Chaplain  of  St.  Nicholas  Within,  Dublin. 

1.  Discuss,  with  T.  Maguire,  Dubl.,  1839,  Svo.  2.  Protest- 
ant Ascendency  Vindicated,  Dubl.,  1840,  12ino.  3.  Serms., 
1846,  Svo.  4.  Free  Thoughts  on  Protestant  Matters,  2d 
ed.,  1847,  p.  Svo. 

Gregor,  Francis,  M.P.  for  Cornwall,  d.  1815,  aged 
55,  pub.  three  polit.  pamph.,  lSlO-12. 

Gregor,  Rev.  Wm.,  pub.  two  serms.,  1805,  '09,  and 
con.  geological  papers  to  Phil.  Trans.,  Ac.  1805-15. 

Gregory,  Arthur.  1.  L'Abridgt.  des  Cases,  Ac,  Lon., 
1599,  12mo.  2.  The  Moot-Book,  Ac,  trans,  into  Eng.,  and 
enlarged  by  W.  Hughes,  1663,  4to. 

Gregory,  David,  1661-1708,  a  native  of  Aberdeen, 
Scotland,  a  nephew  of  James  Gregory,  Prof,  of  Mathematics 
in  the  Univ.  of  St.  Andrew's,  succeeded  his  uncle  at  the 
early  .age  of  twenty-three,  and  in  1691  was  elected  Savilian 
Prof,  of  Astronomy  at  Oxford.  He  pub.  works  on  Geo- 
metry, Astronomy,  Ac,  in  Latin,  1684-1703,  and  contri- 
buted a  number  of  papers   to   Phil.    Trans.,    1694-1704. 


1.  Astronomiie,  PhysicaB,  et  Geometria;  Elcmenta,  Oxon., 
1702.  fol.  In  Eng.,  with  addits.  by  E.  Stone,  1713,  '26,  2 
vols.  Svo.  2.  Euclidus  Opera  omnia,  Gr.  et  Lat.,  Oxf.,  1703, 
fol.  See  Biog.  Brit. ;  Button's  Diet. ;  EncycBrit. ;  Letters 
by  Eminent  Persons.  We  shall  have  occasion  to  notice 
several  of  the  members  of  this  distinguished  family,  the 
most  illustrious  in  the  ann.als  of  British  science.  For  two 
centuries  the  name  of  Gregory  has  accumulated  fresh 
honours  with  each  succeeding  generation,  and  sixteen  of 
the  family  have  held  British  professorships.  Whilst  the 
subject  of  this  memoir  was  Professor  of  Mathematics  at 
Oxford,  his  brother  James  occupied  the  same  post  at  Edin- 
burgh, and  another  brother,  Charles,  discharged  similar 
duties  at  St.  Andrew's.  Here  is  nobility,  indeed,  far  out- 
shiniug 

"  The  boast  of  heraldry,  the  pomp  of  power. 
And  all  that  lieautv,  all  that  wealth  e'er  gave!" 
Gregory,  Duncan  Farquharson,  d.  1844,  aged  30, 
Fellow  and  Sub-Lecturer  of  Trin.  Coll.,  Camb.,  a  distin- 
guished mathematician,  was  a  descendant  of  James  Gre- 
gory, (1639-1675,)  the  celebrated  author  of  the  Reflecting 
Telescope,  the  son  of  James  Gregory,  M.D.,  (1753-1.'<21,) 
Prof,  of  Medicine  in  the  Univ.  of  Edinburgh,  and  the 
brother  of  William  Gregory,  M.D.,  until  his  death  Prof, 
of  Chemistry  in  Univ.  of  Edinburgh.  He  pub.  a  work  of 
great  merit  on  The  Differential  and  Integral  Calculus,  Lon., 
1841,  Svo;  2d  ed.,  by  W.  Walton,  1846.  Svo;  and  left  un- 
finished a  work,  afterwards  completed  and  pub.  liy  W. 
Walton,  on  the  Application  of  Analysis  to  Solid  Geometry, 
1846,  Svo;  2d  ed.,  1853,  8vo.  Mr.  Gregory  was  one  of  the 
chief  projectors  of  the  Cambridge  Mathematical  Journal,-- 
a  work  of  European  reputation, — and  its  principal  contri- 
butor until  the  time  of  his  decease. 

Gregory,  Edmond.  An  Historical  Anatomy  of 
Christian  Mcl.ancholy,  with  a  Meditation  on  John  ix.  4, 
Lon.,  1646,  12mo. 

Gregory,  F.     The  Human  Soul,  1704,  4to. 

Gregory,   Francis,    D.D.,   Rector    of    Hamhlcdon, 

Bucks,   pub.  several    serms.,  a  Greek   school-book,  Ac, 

1660-98.  ,        ^  .  , 

Gregory,  George,  D.D.,  1754-1808,  son  of  an  Irish 


Lon.,  1657,  12mo. 
73S 


,,...     ..    .-.,,..    Comitatus    Rediviva,  '  clergyman,  became  Curate  of  St.  Giles,  Cripplegate,  Lon- 

2.  County  Judicatures,  1664,  '75,  Svo;  '  don,  in  1782,  and  in  1804  was  presented  to  the  living  of 


GRE 


GRE 


West  Ham,  Essex.  He  pub.  several  theolog.  and  literary 
works,  among  the  principal  of  which  are  the  following: 

1.  Trans,  of  Lowth's  Lectures  on  the  Sacred  Poetry  of  the 
Hebrews,  Lon.,  1787,  1810,  2  vols.  Svo.  New  ed.,  1847,  cr. 
8vo.    See  Lowth,  Robert.  D.D.    2.  Serms.,  1787,  '89,  Svo. 

"  A  pleasing  specimen  of  that  kind  of  manly  eloquence  which 
compasses  its  end  without  loss  of  words." — Lnn.  Month.  Rev. 

3.  Life  of  T.  Chatterton.  1789,  Svo.  Also  in  Biog.  Brit. 
4.  Hist,  of  the  Christian  Church  to  1788-90,  2  vols.  12mo,- 
1794-95,  2  vols.  Svo.  Grant,  in  his  Hist,  of  the  Christian 
Church,  calls  this  work  an  excellent  abridgment  of 
Mosheim.  5.  Dictionary  of  Arts  and  Sciences,  1S06,  2 
Tols,  4to.  6.  Lectures  on  Exper.  Philos.,  Astron.,  and 
Chem.,  1809,  2  vols.  12mo.  7.  Letters  on  Literature,  Taste, 
and  Composition,  1810,  2  vols.  12mo.  Dr.  G.  was  for  many 
years  editor  of  the  New  Annual  Register. 

Gregory,  George.    Arithmetic,  ^c,  Lon.,  1814,  '15. 

Gregory,  George,  M.D.,  d.  1853,  Lecturer  of  St. 
Thomas's  Hospital,  London,  1.  Elements  of  the  Theory 
and  Prac.  of  Physic,  2d  ed.,  improved,  Lon.,  1825,  2  vols. 
Svo;  6th  ed.,  1846,  Svo.  2.  Lects.  on  Eruptive  Fevers, 
1843,  Svo. 

Gregory,  James,  1639-1675,  the  first  of  the  long  line 
of  great  men  of  an  illustrious  family,  (see  Gregouv.  David,) 
was  a  native  of  Aberdeen,  and  educated  at  the  grammar 
school  of  that  place  and  at  Marischal  College.  In  1663 
he  pub.  his  Optima  promota,  in  which  he  gave  an  account 
of  his  discovery  of  the  reflecting  telescope.  He  subse- 
quently gave  to  the  world  Vera  Circuli  et  Hyperbolae  Quad- 
ratura,  Patav.,  1667,  4to ;  Escercitationes  Geometries?, 
Lon.,  1668,  '78,  4to:  and  some  other  publications.  In 
1668  he  was  elected  Prof,  of  Mathematics  in  the  Univ.  of 
St.  Andrew's,  and  in  1674  was  called  to  the  same  chair  in 
the  Univ.  of  Edinburgh.  He  was  a  friend  of  Sir  Isaac 
Newton,  who  highly  valued  his  remarkable  genius.  See 
Biog.  Brit. ;  Hutton's  Diet;  Martin's  Biog.  Philos. ;  Pref. 
to  Dr.  John  Gregory's  Works,  edit.  17S8,  4  vols.  12mo. 

Gregory,  James,  M.D.,  1753-1821,  a  native  of  Aber- 
deen, Prof,  of  the  Prac.  of  Medicine  in  the  Univ.  of  Edin- 
burgh, was  a  descendant  of  the  preceding,  and  the  father 
of  the  late  Duncan  F.  Gregory,  of  Trin.  Coll.,  Camb.,  who 
displayed,  even  at  the  early  age  at  which  he  died,  the  re- 
markable mathematical  genius  which  distinguished  his 
great  ancestor,  and  many  of  his  successors  for  the  last  two 
centuries.  See  Gregory,  David.  1.  Dissertatio  Medica, 
Ac.,  Edin.,  1774,  Svo.  2.  Conspectus  Medicinae  Theoretics 
in  usum  Academicum,  1780-82,  2  vols.  Svo.  There  have 
been  several  new  edits. — 1836,  '37,  '33,  '50 — with  addits. 
by  Steggall  and  Venables.  This,  with  the  First  Four 
Books  of  Celsus,  comprise  the  entire  Latin  Classics  required 
for  Examination  at  Apothecaries'  Hall,  London.  3.  Philos. 
and  Literary  Essays,  1793,  Svo.  4.  Memorial,  ISOO,  4to ; 
1803,  Svo.  5.  Cullen's  First  Lines  of  the  Practice  of 
Physic,  with  Notes,  7th  ed.,  2  vols.  Svo.  See  Cullen,  Wm. 
6.  Theory  of  the  Moods  of  Verbs;  Trans.  Sue,  Edin., 
1790. 

Gregory,  John,  1607-1646,  a  learned  divine,  a  native 
of  Buckinghamshire,  was  educated  at  Christ  Church,  Ox- 
ford ;  Chaplain  to  Bishop  Duppa,  163S  ;  Preb.  of  Salisbury, 
1641 ;  deprived  at  the  Rebellion.  1.  Notes  and  Observ.  on 
some  Passages  of  Scripture,  Oxf.,  1646,  4to;  Lon.,  1660, 
'65,  '71,  'S3.  This  work  is  the  first  part  of  the  Posthuma. 
It  was  trans,  into  Latin,  and  remitted  into  the  Critica  Sacra. 

2.  Gregorii  Posthuma,  with  Life,  pub.  by  John  Gurgany, 
1649,  '50,  '61,  '65,  71,  '83,  '84,  4to.  Part  1  is  composed  of 
the  Notes,  Ac.  above;  Part  2  consist  of  eight  pieces:  two 
discourses,  one  serm.,  two  theolog.  treatises,  a  tract  upon 
Time,  one  upon  the  Assyrian  Monarchy,  and  one  upon  the 
Terrestrial  Globe. 

*'This  volume  contains  things  learned,  curious,  and  fanciful. 
The  author  possessed  a  considerable  portion  of  learning,  but  was 
very  eccentric  in  his  tlights.  Some  of  the  notes  are  important, 
and  contain  a  good  deal  of  rabbinical  lore.  The  Dissertation  and 
plates,  on  the  Boy-bishop  and  the  Monk-fish,  are  curious,  and  ex- 
hibit some  of  the  follies  of  former  times,  ilis  discussions  on  the 
Song  of  the  Bow,  the  Golden  Mice,  the  Silver  Shrines,  and  Cain's 
Thau,  or  mark,  show  how  much  erudition  may  be  needlessly  ex- 
pended on  very  trifling  subjects.  The  book  is  still  worth  having, 
but  at  no  great  expense." — Orme's  Bill.  Bib. 

In  1G34  he  pub.  a  2d  ed.  in4to,  with  Notes,  of  Sir  Thomas 
Ridley's  View  of  the  Civil  and  Ecclesiastical  Law.  He 
also  wrote  a  tract,  entitled  Alkibiay,  '*in  which  he  endea- 
voured to  vindicate  the  antiquity  of  worshipping  towards 
the  eastj"  and  left  three  pieces  in  MS.,  trans,  by  him  from 
Greek  into  Latin,  which  were  pub.  by  Edward  Bysshe  in 
his  own  name,  q.  v.  Gregory  also  left,  in  MS.,  Observa- 
tiones,  Ac.  Johauuis  Malelie  Chronographia;  and  he  in- 
tended to  have  pub.  a  Latin  trans,  of  that  author,  with 
annotations. 


"The  miracle  of  his  age  for  critical  and  curious  learning."— 
Athrn.  Oxon^  q.  v. 

**IIe  attained  to  be  an  exquisite  linguist  and  general  scholar; 
his  modesty  setting  the  greater  lustre  on  his  learning." — Fuller's 
Worthies,  q.  v. 

See  also  Life  prefixed  to  Gregorii  Posthuma;  Gen.  Diet.; 
Biog.  Brit.;   Lloyd's  Memoirs;  Fuller's  Worthies. 

Gregory,  John,  Archdeacon  of  Gloucester.  Discourse 
of  the  Morality  of  the  Sabbath,  Lon.,  1681,  Svo. 

Gregory,  John,  1724-1773,  M.D.,  a  native  of  Aber- 
deen, grand-nephew  of  James  Gregory,  the  inventor  of  the 
reflecting  telescope,  studied  medicine  at  Edinburgh,  Ley- 
den,  and  Paris,  and  on  his  return  from  the  continent  was 
appointed  Prof,  of  Philosophy  in  King's  Coll.,  Aberdeen; 
Prof,  of  Physic  in  the  same  institution,  1756-66;  Prof,  of 
Physic  in  the  Univ.  of  Edinburgh,  1766-73.  1.  Compara- 
tive View  of  the  State  and  Faculties  of  Man  with  those 
of  the  Animal  World,  Lon.,  1765,  '76,  12mo;  1766,  Svo; 
1774,  2  vols.  12mo.  2.  Observ.  on  the  Duties,  Offices,  and 
Qualifications  of  a  Physician,  »tc.,  1770.  '72,  Svo.  3.  Ele- 
ments of  the  Prac.  of  Physic,  Edin.,  1772,  Svo.  Left  im- 
perfect. The  part  relating  to  Febrile  Diseases  was  repub., 
Lon.,  1774,  Svo.  4.  A  Father's  Legacy  to  his  Daughters, 
1774,  12mo.  New  ed.,  1813.  Trans,  into  French  and 
Italian  by  John  Sivrac,  1794,  12mo. 

"These  letters  were  written  by  a  tender  father  in  a  decliuing 
state  of  hefilth  for  the  instruction  of  his  daughters.  They  contain 
a  rich  treasure  of  admonition  and  advice." — Etiit'tr's  Preface. 

5.  Whole  Works,  with  Life  by  Mr.  Tytler,  (since  Lord 
Woodhouselee.J  Edin.,  17SS,  4  vols.  cr.  Svo.  Another  ac- 
count of  Dr.  Gregory's  Life  was  written  by  Wm.  Smellie, 
and  pub.  with  his  Lives  of  Kames,  Hume,  and  Smith, 
ISOn.  Svo. 

Gregory,  John  Mark.  1.  Geography  and  Ilist.  of 
Moses.  Edin..  1702,  4to.  2.  Sepulchres  of  the  Ancients 
and  their  Munuments,  Lon.,  1712. 

Gregory,  Joseph.    Hist.  Discourses.  Lon.,  1792,  Svo. 

Gregory,  Olinthus  Gilbert,  LL.D.,  1774-1841,  a 
native  of  Yaxley.  Huntingdonshire,  became  mathematical 
master  of  the  Royal  Military  Academy  at  Woolwich  in  1S02, 
and  subsequently  attained  the  Professor's  chair,  which  he 
resignetl  in  1838  in  consequence  of  failing  health.  His  first 
work,  pub.  at  the  age  of  nineteen,  was  entitled  (1)  Lessons, 
Astronomical  and  Philosophical,  for  the  Amusement  and 
Instruction  of  British  Youth,  Lon.,  1793,  '97,  12mo:  4th 
ed.,  1S13. 

*'  An  excellent  little  book,  worthy  of  all  the  popularity  it  has 
acquired." — Goodhugh's  Lib.  Man. 

Among  his  other  works  are — 2.  Astronomy,  1802,  Svo. 
3.  Mechanics,  1806,  '07,  '15,  2  vols.  Svo.  4.  Trans,  of 
Hauy's  Nat.  Philos.,  1807,  2  vols.  Svo.  5.  Letters  to  a 
Friend  on  the  Evidences,  Doctrines,  and  Duties  of  the 
Christian  Religion,  ISlo,  2  vols.  12rao ;  9th  ed.,  1851, 12mo. 
By  the  Lon.  Rel.  Tract  Soc,  1853,  ISmo. 

*'  He  has  united  with  extraordinary  attainments  in  the  severer 
sciences  the  art  of  recommending  his  sentiments  with  imprtssive 
effect;  and  he  exhibits,  in  an  eminent  degree,  the  most  important 
ingredients  of  good  writing.  .  .  .  We  are  acquainted  with  no  book 
in  the  circle  of  English  literature  which  is  equally  calculated  to 
give  young  persons  just  views  of  the  evidence,  the  nature,  and 
the  importance  of  revealed  religion." — Kobebt  IIall:  Lo7i.  £clectic 
Hev.;  and  see  Hall's  collected  writings,  ed.  1Sd3,  vol.  iv.  144. 

6.  Elements  of  Plane  and  Spher.  Trigonometry,  1816, 
12mo.  7.  Mathemat.  for  Prac.  Men,  1825,  Svo;  3d  ed., 
1848,  Svo.    8.  Memoir.s,  &c.  of  J.  M.  Good,  M.D.,  1S2S,  Svo. 

"  It  is  truly  refi'eshing  to  turn  from  the  drivelling  autobiogra- 
phies of  the  day  to  this  interesting  volume." — Spirit  and  Manners 
of  the  Age,  March,  1S28. 

9.  Hutton's  Mathemat.  Tables,  with  7  addit.  Tables, 
1S30,  8vo.  10.  Hutton's  Course  of  Mathemat.,  by  0. 
Gregory  and  T.  S.  Davies,  12th  ed.,  1840,  2  vols.  Svo. 
11.  Hints  to  the  Teachers  of  Mathemat.,  1840,  12mo. 
Dr.  G.  was  the  editor  of  Pantalogia,  (see  Good,  John 
Mason,  M.D.,)  and  from  1S17  had  the  superintendence 
of  the  almanacs  pub.  by  the  Stationers'  Company  of 
London,  a  duty  in  which  he  succeeded  Dr.  Huttun.  A 
biographical  sketch  of  Dr.  Gregory  will  be  found  in  Lon. 
Gent.  Mag.  for  April,  1841. 

Gregory,  Thomas.  Serms.,  Ac,  1694,  '96,  1708, 
all  Svo. 

Gregory,  Wm,     Surgical  con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1738. 

Gregory,  Wm.  Journal  of  a  Captured  Missionary,  <fec., 
Lon.,  ISOtl,  Svo. 

Gregory,  Wm.,  M.D.,  d.  185S,  Prof,  of  Chemistry  in  the  " 
Univ.  of  Edinburgh,  one  of  the  most  distinguished  chemists 
of  his  age.  was  a  descendant  of  James  Gregory.  {1639- 
1675,)  the  distinguished  inventor  of  the  reflecting  telescope. 
See  G»EGOUY,  David;  Gregory,  Duncan  Farquh arson j 
Gregory,  James.  Outlines  of  Chemistry:  Pt.  1,  Inor- 
ganic Chemistry ;  Part  2,  Organic  Chemistry;  3d  ed.,  1848, 
Svo.    Amer.  ed.,  enlarged  by  J.  M.  Sanders,  M.D.,  LL.D. 

737 


GRE 

Prof,  of  Chemistry  in  the  Eclectic  Medical  Institute,  Cin- 
cinnati, ISol,  Svo. 

"  This  is  beyond  comparison  the  best  introduction  to  Chemistry 
which  has  yet  appeared." — Lnn.  Lanci't.  '    ' 

2.  Hand-booltof  Organic  Chemistry,  1852,  8ro.  3.  Hand- 
boolt  of  Inorganic  Chemistry,  3d  ed!,  1S5H,  12mo.  4.  Lie- 
big's  Animal  Chemistry;  edited  liy  Dr.  G.;  3d  ed.,  1842, 
Svo.  5.  Liebig's  Instruc.  for  the  Chemical  Analysis  of 
Organic  Bodies;  trans,  by  Dr.  G.  6.  Liebig's  Researches 
on  the  Chemistry  of  Food :  edited  by  Dr.  G.,  1847,  Svo. 
7.  Liebig's  Researches  on  the  Motion  of  the  Juices  in  the 
Animal  Body;  edited  by  Dr.  G.,  1S4S,  Svo.  S.  Letters  to 
a  Candid  Enquirer  on  Animal  Magnetism.  New  ed.  in 
course  of  preparation  in  1853. 

"  A  volume  destined,  we  believe,  to  excite  considerable  atten- 
tion, both  from  the  nature  of  its  subject  and  the  position  of  the 
writer." — Lon.  Notes  (inft  Qua-ks. 

9.  Baron  Von  Reiehenbach's  Researches  on  Magnet- 
ism, &c. ;  trans,  by  Dr.  G.,  Svo. 

"  The  merits  of  this  remarkable  volume  are  great." — North  Brit. 
Ba\ 

10.  Liebig's  Chemistry  in  its  Application  to  Agricnlt. 
and  Physiology;  edited  by  Dr.  G.  and  Dr.  Lyon  Piayfair; 
4th  ed.,  1847,  Svo. 

"Its  acceptance  as  a  standard  is  unavoidable;  for,  following 
closely  in  the  straight  path  of  inductive  philosophy,  the  conclu- 
sions which  are  drawn  from  its  data  are  incontrovertible." — SUli- 
man's  Journal. 

11.  Elements  of  Chemistry,  by  the  late  Dr.  Turner,  8th 
ed.,  1S47,  Svo. 

"The  present  is,  in  short,  the  most  complete  and  the  most 
luminous  system  of  Chemistry  in  the  English  Ittuguage:  and  we 
know  not  one  in  France  or  (rermany  that  comes  near  it." — iyiin. 
Med.  and  Surg.  J<mr.,  Jan.  1.  1847. 

Gregson,  H.  Suggestions  for  Improving  the  Condi- 
tion of  the  Industrious  Classes  by  establishing  Friendly 
Societies  and  Savings  Banks,  Lon.,  1830,  Svo. 

Gregson,  Joseph.  1.  Fashionable  Furniture,  1812, 
12mo.     2.  Fires  of  London,  1812,  Svo. 

Gregson,  Matthew.  Fragments  rel.  to  the  Hist, 
and  Autiq.  of  Lancaster,  1817,  fol. 

Gregson,  Moses.     Serm.,  1760.  '70,  both  Svo. 

Greig,  George.     Serm.,  1809,  '12,  both  Svo. 

Greig,  John.  Arithmet.,  Astronom.,  and  other  works, 
1798-1810. 

Greig,  W'm,     Ro.id  Police,  Dul)!.,  1818,  Svo. 

Greisley,  Sir  Roger,— Greslcy  is  the  family  name, 
but  Sir  Roger  was  an  antiquary,  and  inserted  another 
letter,— 1801-1837,  was  educated  at  Christ  Church,  Oxford. 

1.  Sir   Philip    Gasteneys,  a  Minor;   a  Tale,  1829,  12mo. 

2.  The  Life  .and  Pontificate  of  Gregory  VII.,  1832,  Svo. 

"  He  had,  during  his  travels  in  Italy,  imbibed  a  thorough  ab- 
horrence of  the  abominations  and  usurpations  of  the  Roman  8ee, 
and  this  was  the  offspring  of  it."— i</».  Gent.  Mag..  Pec.  1837.  q.  r. 

Grellier,  J.  J.  i;  Loans  of  the  last  50  Years,  Lou., 
1799,  Svo.  2.  Hist,  of  the  National  Debt,  1810,  Svo.  A 
work  of  authority. 

Grenewly,  Richard.  The  Annates  of  Cornelius 
Tacitus.     The  Description  of  Germanic,  Lon.,  1598,  fol. 

Grenfell,  John.     Bank-Notes,  Lon,,  1814,  Svo. 

Grenfcll,  Pascoe,  17ti2-lS3S,  M.P.,  a  British  mer- 
chant, and  warm  supporter  of  Wilberforco  in  his  efforts  for 
the  abolition  of  the  .-^lave-trade.  Speech  in  the  II.  of  C, 
Lon.,  1816.  Svo.     Such  men  are  to  be  "held  in  all  honour." 

Grenfield,  E.  W.     Serm.,  Lon.,  ISll. 

Grenfield,  Henry.     Poems,  Lon.,  1686,  Svo. 

Grenville,  Denis.     See  Green-ville. 

Grenville,  George.     See  Gr.vnville. 

Grenville,  George  Nugent,  Lord.  1.  Portugal ; 
a  Poem,  2d  ed.,  Lon.,  1812,  4to. 

^  "Twice,  with  the  most  patient  attention,  have  we  read  every 
line  of  this  poem,  and  twice  have  we  risen  from  the  perusal  *  per- 
plexed in  the  extreme.'  Lord  George  Nugent  (irenville  has.  it  is 
certain,  published  a  poem  under  the  title  of  Portugal ;  but,  though 
the  stream  of  verse  is  sufficiently  smooth,  it  is  so  prodigiouslv  deep 
that  our  plummets  have  in  very  few  places  indeed  been  able  to 
find  the  bottom." — Lon.  (^uar.  Kev.,  vii.  151-1.58,  q.  v. 

2.  Oxford  and  Locke,  1829.  Relates  to  the  expulsion 
of  Locke  from  the  Univ.  of  O.-cford,  and  defends  the  Uni- 
versity against  the  censures  of  Dugald  Stewart. 

Grenville,  George,  1702-1770.  M.P.,  filled  the 
offices  of  Treasurer  of  the  Navy,  First  Lord  of  the  Admi- 
ralty, First  Lord  of  the  Treasury,  and  (1765)  Chancellor 
of  the  Exchequer.  1.  Consider.itions  on  the  Commerce 
and  Finances  of  England.  2.  The  Present  State  of  the 
Nation,  1769,  Svo.  This  was  ascribed  to  Mr.  Grenville, 
and  also  to  his  former  secretary,  Mr.  Knox.  It  was 
answered  by  Edmund  Burke  in  Observations  on  a  late 
Publication  entitled  The  Present  State  of  the  Nation, 
1769.  Svo. 
"  It  is  not  going  too  far  to  E.iy  that  there  is  scarcely  one  of  Mr. 


GRE 

Grenville's  positions,  except  the  last,  which  Mr.  Burke  has  not 
completely  overthrown.  His  tract  is  indeed  one  of  the  very  best 
speciineus  of  a  review  that  h.as  ever  been  published,  displaying  all 
..his  deep  thinking,  with  much  of  his  elorjuence  and  R;ircasm."^ 
McVallocli's  Lit.  of  roHl.  Ei-rm..  q.  r.     And  see  Uitike,  Kdmcnd. 

Mr.  Grenville  noticed  Mr.  Burke's  strictures  in  An  Ap- 
pendix to  The  Present  State  of  the  Nation,  ic,  1769,  Svo. 
Mr.  Grenville  and  his  brother  Richard— Earl  Temple — 
were  actively  engaged  in  the  politics  of  the  d.ay ;  and 
much  valu.able  information  will  be  found  in  their  corre- 
spondence, entitled  The  (irenville  Papers,  from  the  Origi- 
nal MSS.,  preserved  at  Stowe.  Edited  by  W.  J.  Smith, 
(late  librarian  at  Stowe.)  4  vols.  Svo,  1852-53.  In  the 
third  vol.  will  be  found  some  matter  offered  as  evidence  to 
prove  that  Lord  Temple  was  author  of  The  Letters  of 
Junius.     See  Juml's. 

Grenville,  or  Greenvil,  .Sir  Richard.  1.  Fight 
about  the  Isles  of  Azonas,  Lon.,  1591,  4to.  2.  Expeditions 
to  Cadiz  and  Rhee,  1724,  Svo.  See  Clarendon's  Hist,  of 
the  Rebellion. 

Grenville,  William  Wyndham,  Lord,  1759-1834, 
Chancellor  of  the  Univ.  of  Oxford,  and  a  statesman  of 
great  abilities,  was  the  third  son  of  George  Grenville; 
(see  ante.)  1.  Speech,  Lon.,  1789,  '91,  Svo.  2.  Speech, 
1798,  Svo.  3.  Speech,  1803,  Svo.  4.  Letters  of  the  Earl 
of  Chatham  to  Thomas  Pitt,  1804,  Svo.  5.  New  Plan  of 
Finance,  1806,  Svo.  6.  Letter  to  the  Earl  of  Fingal,  1810. 
7.  Nuga;  Metrics,  1824,  4to.  Copies  of  this  work  are  of 
rare  occurrence,  having  been  bought  up  by  the  family. 
It  has  been  said  that  these  Poems  and  the  "  PrimitiJB  et 
Keliquias"  of  the  Marquis  of  Wellesley  are  the  most  clas- 
sical Latin  compositions  of  the  present  century.  S.  State 
Papers  between  him  and  Chauvelin,  1793,  Svo. 

Grcsham,  James.  The  Story  of  Cinyras  and  Myrrha, 
Lon.,  1626,  12mo. 

Gresley,  Richard  N.     Law  of  Evidence  in  the  CIs. 

of  Equity,  Lon.,  1836,  Svo;  Phila..  1S37,  Svo;  2d  ed.,  by 

C.  A.  Calvert,  1847,  r.  Svo ;  Phil.a.,  1S48,  Svo. 

".\  complete  and  highly  satisfactory  work." — Marvin^s  Lpg.  Bill. 

'_*'riiis  new  edition  of  a  very  useful  work  displays  erudition  and 

skill  of  no  common  character." — Lon.  Law  Mag. 

The  lawyer  should  add  to  this  excellent  work  E.  R. 
Daniell's  Chancery  Practice,  R.  G.  Welford's  Equity 
Pleadings,  Ac.  Judge  Story's  great  work  on  Equity 
Pleadings  will  of  course  claim  many  of  "his  days  and 
nights." 
Gresley,  Sir  Roger.  See  Greislet. 
Gresley,  \V.,  Preb.  of  Lincoln,  a  very  popular  writer, 
has  given  to  the  world  (pub.  1835-51)  the'following  works: 
1.  Anglo-Catholicism.  2.  Bernard  Leslie.  3.  Charles  Le- 
ver. 4.  Church  Clavering.  5.  Clement  Walton.  6.  Col- 
ton  Green.  7.  Coniston  Hall.  8.  Ecclesiastes  Anglieanus. 
9.  Evangelical  Truth  and  Apostolical  Order.  10.  Forest 
of  Arden.  11.  Fnank's  First  Trip  to  the  Continent. 
12.  Help  to  Prayer.  13.  Henri  de  Clermont.  14.  Holi- 
day Tales.  15.  Ordinance  of  Confession.  16.  Portrait  of 
an  English  Churchman.  17.  Real  Danger  of  the  Ch.  of 
Eng. ;  1st  statement.  18.  Second  statement.  19.  Third 
statement.  20.  Serms.  on  the  Duties  of  a  Christian. 
21.  Ditto  at  Oxford.  22.  Do.  Parochial.  23.  Do.  Pr.acti- 
cal.  24.  Siege  of  Lichfield.  25.  Short  Treatise  on  the 
English  Church.  26.  Suggestions  on  the  New  Statute  to 
be  proposed  in  the  Univ.  of  Oxford. 

".4mong  the  writers  who  of  late  have  sought  to  revive  the 
practical  teaching  of  the  English  Church  in  a  popular  form,  few 
have  been  more  successful  than  the  author  of  Bernard  Leslie." 

Gressop,  Thomas.  Pope's  Primacie,  Lon.,  1560,  Svo. 
This  is  a  trans,  from  Nilus,  Archbp.  of  Thessalonica. 

Greswell,  Edward,  Fellow  of  Corpus  Christi  Coll., 
Oxf.,  a  son  of  the  Rev.  M'illiam  Parr  Greswell,  (see  post.) 
1.  An  Expos,  of  the  Parables  and  other  parts  of  the  Gos- 
pels, Lon.,  lS34-3i),  5  vols.  Svo.  An  elaborate  review  of 
this  "  great  and  learned  work"  will  be  found  in  the  Brit. 
Crit.  for  Oct.  1835.  2.  Ilarmonia  Evangelica,  Oxon.,  1830, 
Svo ;  4th  ed.,  1845,  Svo.  Part  6  was  first  added  in  3d 
ed.,  1S40,  Svo.  R.  Mimpriss's  English  Harmony  should 
accompany  Greswell's  work.  3.  Dissertations  upon  the 
Principles  and  Arrangement  of  a  Harmony  of  the  Gos- 
pels, 1830,  3  vols.  Svo;  Supp.  Dissert.,  1834,  Svo;  2d  ed., 
1837,  4  vols,  in  5,  Svo.  In  the  2d  ed.  the  Supp.  Disserts, 
have  been  incorporated  and  much  new  matter  added. 

"  His  Harmony  forms  but  a  portion  of  the  valuable  critical 
appaiatus  which  he  has  constructed  for  the  benefit  of  the  critical 
student ;  and,  taken  together  with  the  Dissertations,  it  will  enable 
the  reader  to  make  himself  master  of  the  whole  range  of  inquiry 
relating  to  the  chronology  of  the  New  Testament  and  the  struc- 
ture and  composition  of  the  Gospels."— Zon.  Eclectic  Jtev.,  June, 
1S38. 

4.  Fasti  Temporis  Calliolici,  et  Origenes  Kalendarice, 
1852,  5  vols.  Svo;  and  General  Tables,  4to. 


GRE 


GRE 


Greswell,  Wm,  1.  Comment,  on  the  Burinl  Service, 
Oxf.,  2  vols.  8vo.  2.  Popular  View  of  the  Corresp.  be- 
tween the  Mosaic  Ritual  and  the  Facts  and  Doctrines  of 
the  Christian  Religion,  1834,  8vn. 

"A  valuable  accession  to  the  tracts  which  have  already  been 
written  thereon.  Mr.  Greswell  has  clearly  proved  and  confirmed 
the  doctriue  of  the  Apostle,  that  the  law  was  merely  a  shadow  of 
good  thiugs  to  come.*' — Ltm.  Chris.  Rem^mhranc>:r. 

Greswell,  William  Parr,  Incumbent  of  Denton, 
parish  of  Manchester,  father  of  the  Rev.  Edward  Gres- 
well. (see  ante,)  d.  1S5-1,  aged  89.  1.  Memoirs  of  Angelus 
Politianus,  kc,  Manches..  1801,  '05,  8vo. 

"An  elei:antly-written  and  hi^hly-interestintr  work." — Horne. 

2.  Annals  of  Parisian  Typography,  181S,  8vo.  3.  A 
View  of  the  Early  Parisian  Greek  Press.  Edited  by  bis 
son,  Edward  Greswell,  Oxf.,  1833,  2  vols.  8vo.  Bruuet 
remarks  of  these  two  works: 

"Ces  deux  ouvraiTL's  sont  des  compilations  qui  ne  renferment 
presque  aucuu  fait  ntiuveau.  et  oil  nous  avons  remarque  bien  des 
inexactitudes.  Neanmoins.  lis  se  font  lire  avec  inteiet.' — ManuH 
du  Lihraire.  (£c. 

'■Those  who  love  to  peruse  such  (bibliographical)  researches 
will  find  a  rich  treat  in  these  volumes." — Lfji.  AthPDfrum . 

"It  displays  f;reat  learning  and  research." — Lon.  Lit.  GazdU. 

4.  A  Sequel  to  No.  3.  This  was  suppressed.  5.  The 
Monastery  of  St.  Werburg ;  a  Poem,  with  Notes,  1S23,  8vo. 

GreJtbn,  George,  D.D.     A  Charge,  Lon.,  1812. 

Gretton,  Phillip*'.,  D.D.  Serms..*tc.,1725-32,all8vo. 

Greville,  Brit.  India  Analyzed,  Lou..  1793.  3  vols.  8vo. 

Greville,  Kl.  Hon.  Charles.  Con.  on  Nat.  Philos. 
to  Phil.  Trans..  1798.  1803,  and  Nicb.  Jour.,  17il9.  1803. 

Greville,  Mrs.  Frances,  was  a  daughter  of  James 
Macartney,  the  wife  of  Fulke  Greville,  and  the  mother 
of  the  celebrated  beauty,  Mrs.  Crewe,  and  of  Capt.  Wil- 
liam Fulke  Greville.  She  wrote,  about  1753,  a  short 
poem,  entitled  Prayer  for  Indifference,  which  obtained 
wide  popularity,  aud  elicited  several  responses,  of  which 
the  best-known  is  that  by  the  Countess  of  C ,  pre- 
sumed to  be  Isabella,  Countess  of  Carlisle,  who  died  in 
1793. 

Greville,  Fwike,  Fulk,  or  Fonlk,  Lord  Brooke, 
155i-162S,  was  son  to  Sir  Fulke  Grevill,  of  Beauchamp 
Court,  in  Warwickshire.  He  was  entered  of  Trinity  Col- 
lege, Cambridge,  and  subsequently  completed  his  studies 
at  Oxford.  After  attaining  distinction  at  court  and  being 
honoured  by  a  seat  at  the  Privy  Council,  he  was  assassi- 
nated by  one  of  bis  domestics,  named  Ralph  Hey  wood. 
He  was  so  much  attached  to  an  illustriuus  contemporary 
poet  that  he  styled  himself  on  bis  tombstone  "The 
Friend  of  Sin  Philip  SinNKv:"and  he  wrote — 1.  Tiie 
Life  of  the  renowned  Sir  Philiji  Sidney,  pub.  in  1(152, 
12mo.  Reprinted  by  Sir  Egertuu  Brydges  at  the  private 
press  of  Lee  Priory,  Kent,  1816,  2  vols.r.  Svo.  2.  A  Letter 
to  an  Hon.  Lady.  3.  A  Letter  of  Travell.  4.  Cielica;  a 
collection  of  109  Songs.  5.  A  Treatise  of  Human  Learn- 
ing, in  15  stanzas.  6.  An  Inqui.sition  upon  Fame  and 
Honour,  in  86  stanzas.  7.  A  Treatise  of  Warres,  in  68 
stanzas.  S.  Alaham  ;  a  Tragedy.  9.  Mustapha;  a  Tra- 
gedy. These  tragedies,  with  a  Letter  to  a  Lady  and  the 
Poems  mentioned  above,  were  pub.  in  a  "  squab  folio," 
Lon.,  1633,  under  the  title  of  Certaine  Learned  and  Ele- 
gant Workes  of  the  Right  Honourable  Fulke,  Lord  Brooke, 
written  in  his  Youth,  and  Familiar  Exercise  with  Sir 
Philip  Sidney.  Some  of  the  smaller  pieces  had  appeared 
in  England's  Helicon,  1600.  10.  A  Speech  in  Parliament, 
recorded  by  Lord  Bacon.  11.  Remains;  being  Poems  on 
Morality  and  Religion,  1670,  8vo.  The  two  following 
have  been  ascribed  to  him,  but  are  disputed; — 12.  Five 
Yeares  of  King  James,  1643,  '51,  4to.  13.  M.  Tullius 
Cicero  ;  a  Tragedy.  Lord  Brooke's  works,  whatever  their 
merits,  are  certainly  not  of  that  character  which  can  com- 
mand attention  beyond  their  own  age. 

'•  A  man  of  much  note  iu  his  time,  hut  one  of  those  admired 
wits  who  have  lost  much  of  their  reputation  in  the  eyes  of  pos- 
terity. A  thousand  accidents  of  birth,  court-favour,  or  popularity, 
concur  sometimes  to  gild  a  slender  proportion  of  merit."— HW- 
polf's  R.  t£  iV.  Authors. 

"Notwithstanding  Lord  Orford's  detracting  estimate  of  this 
nobleman,  he  appears  to  have  had  a  taste  for  all  kinds  of  polite 
learning,  though  his  inclination  as  well  as  his  genius  led  him  par- 
ticularly to  poetry  and  history:  and  Phillips  or  Milton  [Theatrum 
Poetarum]  remarks,  that  in  all  his  poems  is  observable  a  close. 
mysterious,  and  sententious  way  of  writing,  but  without  much 
regard  to  elegancy  of  style  or  smoothness  of  verse." — Park. 

"  The  author  has  been  so  careful  [in  Mustapha]  in  observing  the 
Rules  of  Aristotle  and  Horace,  that  whereas  Horace  says, 

'  Neo  quarta  loqui  persona  laboret,' 
he  has  in  no  scene  throughout  introduced  above  two  .Speakers, 
except  in  the  Chorus  between  each  Act:  and  even  there  he  ob- 
serves all  the  Rules  laid  down  by  that  great  Master  in  the  Art  of 
Poetry." — Latif/b'iitif^'.^  Dramatick  B:>ets. 

Bolton,  in  his  Hypercritica,  styles    this  tragedy  the 


"  Matchless  Mustapha ;"  and  Davies  of  Hereford  inscribed 
fourteen   lines   **to   the   immortal  memory  and  deserved 
honour  of  the  writer  of  the  tragedy  of  Mustapha."     Sir 
Philip  Sidney  thus  welcomes  his  two  "  worthy  friends  and 
fellow-poets,  Sir  Edward  Dyer  and  Mr.  Fulke  Grevill." 
"  Welcome  my  two  to  uie! 
The  number  best  beloved, 
Within  my  heart  you  be 
In  friendship  unremoved. 
Joyne  hands  and  hearts,  so  let  it  he, 
Make  but  one  minde  in  bodies  three." 
Other  stdmas ;  vide  Davidson's  PoeticaU  Wiapsodtf,  1G02. 

Bishop  Corbet  thought  his  lordship's  accomplishments 
worthy  of  commemuration  : 

"  The  plirase  aud  welcome  of  the  knight  did  make 
The  seat  more  elegant;  every  word  he  spake 
Was  wine  and  music." 

Visit  to  Lord  Brool;  in  h  is  Her  Boreale. 

Baxter,  the  celebrated  Nonconformist,  thus  refers  to  his 
Poems  of  Monarchy  and  Religion  : 

'■8ir  Fulk  (Jrevill.  Lord  Brook,  a  man  of  great  note  in  his  age, 
hath  a  poem  lately  printed  (ItiTO)  for  subject's  liberty,  which  I 
greatly  wonder  this  age  could  bear." — Prefatory  Address  Uj  Baa^ 
ter's  Poetical  Frotjments^  1681. 

'•These  two  Tragedies  of  Lord  Brooke  [Alaham  and  Mustapha] 
might  with  more  propriety  have  been  termed  political  treatises 
than  plays.  Their  author  has  strangely  contrived  to  make  pas- 
sion, character,  and  interest^  of  the  highest  order,  subservient  to 
the  expression  of  state  dogmas  and  mysteries.  .  .  .  Whether  we 
look  into  his  pl.iys,  or  his  most  passionate  love-poems,  we  shall 
find  all  frozen  and  made  rigid  with  intellect." — Charles  L\mb. 

'■The  titles  of  Lord  Brooke's  poems.  A  Treatise  of  Human  Learn- 
ing. A  Treatise  of  Monarchy.  A  Treatise  of  Religion,  An  Inquisi- 
tion upon  Fame  and  Honour,  lead  us  to  anticipate  more  of  sense 
than  fancy.  In  this  we  are  not  deceived ;  his  mind  was  pregnant 
with  deep  reflection  upon  multifaiious  learning,  but  he  struggles 
to  give  utterance  to  thoughts  which  he  had  not  fully  endowed 
with  words,  and  amidst  the  shackles  of  rhyme  aud  metre  which 
he  had  not  learned  to  manage.  Hence,  of  all  our  poets  he  may  be 
reckoned  the  most  obscure;  in  aiming  at  condensation  he  becomes 
elliptical  beyond  the  bounds  of  the  language,  and  his  rhymes, 
beiog  forced  for  the  sake  of  sound,  leave  all  meaning  behind.  Lord 
Brooke's  poetry  is  chiefly  worth  notice  as  an  indicatiuu  of  that 
thinking  spirit  upon  political  science  which  was  to  produce  the 
riper  speculations  of  Ilobbes,  and  Harrington,  and  Locke." — HaU 
lanVs  Lit.  Hist,  of  Europe. 

"As  to  Fulke  Greville.  he  is  like  nothing  but  one  of  his  own 
'  Prologues  spoken  by  the  ghost  of  an  old  king  of  Ormus.'  a  truly 
formidable  and  inviting  personage:  his  style  is  apocalyptical^ 
cabalistical,  a  knot  worthy  of  such  an  apparition  to  untie;  and 
for  the  unravelling  a  passage  or  two,  I  would  stand  the  brunt  of 
an  encounter  with  so  portentous  a  commentator.'" — Haditt's  Table 
Tall-:  0/ Pa-sovs  One  Would  M'tsh  to  Have  .Se^n. 

GreviHe,  Fulke,  grandson  of  the  fifth  Lord  Brooke, 
and  husband  of  Mrs.  Frances  Greville.  1.  Maxims,  Cha- 
racters, and  Reflections,  Lon.  1757,  '6S,  Svo. 

'■A  work  of  considerable  reputatiou." — Lim. Month .  Rn'..JVov.l7QQ. 

2.  Reflection  ;  a  Poem,  1790,  4to.  3.  Letter  to  the 
Monthly  Reviewers,  1790,  Svo.  See  Lon.  Month.  Rev., 
ubi  eupra. 

Greville,  Henry  F.  Polit.,<te.works,lS04-ll,all8vo. 

Greville,  Robert,  Lord  Brooke,  slain  in  the  Parlia- 
mentary army  at  Lichfield  in  1643,  iu  bis  thirty-fifth  year, 
was  the  adopted  heir  and  successor  to  his  cousin  Fulke 
Greville,  Lord  Brooke.  1.  The  Nature  of  Truth,  Lon., 
1641,  Svo.  2.  A  Discourse  opening  the  Nature  of  that 
Episcopie  which  is  Exercised  in  England,  1641,  4to. 

'•Assisted  thendn  by  some  puritanical  minister,  and  printed 
when  the  press  was  open  to  receive  all  books  against  the  preroga- 
tive aud  bishops." — Athen.  Oxon. 

"  Dedicated  to  the  parliament  by  him  who,  both  for  his  life  and 
for  his  death,  deserves  that  what  advice  he  left  should  not  lie  by 
without  perusal." — John  Milton:  Prose  Wurls^q.v. 

3.  Two  Speeches  at  Guildhall,  1642,  4to.  4.  Answer  to 
the  Speech  of  Philip,  Earl  of  Pembroke,  kc,  1642,  4to. 
Not  the  production  of  Greville,  but  drawn  up  by  the  Earl 
of  Clarendon  as  containing  Greville's  sentiments.  5.  Speech 
at  Election,  1643,  4to. 

Lord  Clarendon  considered  that  Greville's  death  was  a 
judgment  of  Providence: 

"  It  is  observable  that  the  same  man  who  was  by  one  party 
looked  upon  as  a  monument  of  divine  vengeance  was  by  the 
other  reverenced  as  a  saint.  Baxter  has  placed  Lord  Brooke  in 
heaven  together  with  White,  Pym,  and  Hampden." — Granger's 
Biog.  Hist,  of  Eng. 

"  A  person  who  for  the  nobleness  of  his  extraction,  and  many 
personal  endowments,  deserved  a  better  fate;  at  least  to  have 
fallen  in  a  better  cause:  and  who.  had  he  lived,  (it  is  believed  by 
his  friends.)  would  soon  have  seen  through  the  pretences  of  a 
taction." — Sir  Wm.  Dugdale's  Baronage. 

But  this  supposition  elicits  the  violent  indignation  of 
Horace  Walpole: 

*'  There  is  not  the  least  reason  to  suppo.ie  that  this  Lord  Brooke 
would  have  abandoned  his  principles." — R.  tnnl  N.  Authors,  q.  v. 

See  also  Biog.  Brit.;  Lloyd's  State  Worthies;  Lord 
Clarendon's  Life  and  Hist.;  Lodge's  Illust. 

Greville,  Robert  Kaye,  1.  The  Scottish  Crypto- 
gamic  Flora,  Edin.,  1822-2S,  6  vols.  r.  Svo,  360  plates, 

739 


GRE 

col'd,  £16  16». ;  uncol'J,  £10  10».  This  should  accompany 
the  36  vols,  of  Sowerby's  English  Bulimy,  which  work  Joes 
not  comprehend  Cryptogamous  Plants.  Greville's  work 
is  of  the  highest  authority  : 

'*  A  truly  admirable  work,  whether  we  consider  the  importance 
of  its  critical  discussions,  the  accuracy  of  the  drawings,  or  the 
miouteuess  of  the  analyses."— io(W*>n*s  Gm-dmi.  Afag. 

2.  Flora  Edinensis;  Plants  of  Edinburgh,  1824,  8vo. 
3.  Algffi  Britannica;,  Svo.  4.  R.  K.  G.  and  Sir  Wm.  J. 
Hooker.  Icones  Filicum ;  or,  Figures  and  Descrip.  of  Ferns, 
&c.,  1829-31,  2  vols,  fol.,  240  plates  ;  col'd,  £25  4«. ;  un- 
col'd,  £12  12s.  This  is  Sir  Wm.  J.  Hooker's  greatest 
work,  V.  n. 

Grew,  J.,  M.D.     Yellow  Fever  at  Gibraltar,  Ac. 

Grew,  Nehemiah,  M.D.,  162S?-1711,  an  eminent 
vegetable  anatomist  and  physiologist,  was  a  son  of  the 
Kev.  Dr.  Obadiah  Grew,  (see  }i'Mt.)  He  was  a  man  of  great 
learning  and  piety,  and  in  his  writings  endeavoured  to 
lead  his  readers 

"From  Nature  up  to  Nature's  God." 

1.  The  Anatomy  of  Vegetables,  Lon.,  1672,  Svo.  2.  Ana- 
tomy of  Plants,  1G72,  Svo.  3.  Idea  of  a  Phytological 
Hist,  of  Plants,  Ac,  1673,  '75,  '77,  Svo.  4.  Anatomy  of 
Plants,  Ac,  1682,  fol. 

"  The  first  book  of  his  Anatomy  of  Plants,  which  is  the  title 
given  to  three  separate  works,  when  published  collectively  in  1682, 
contains  the  whole  of  bis  physiological  theory,  which  is  developed 
at  length  in  those  that  follow.  The  nature  of  vegetation  and  its 
processes  seem  to  have  been  unknown  when  he  begau,  save  that 
commou  observation  and  the  moreaccurate  experience  of  gardeners 
and  others  must  have  collected  the  obvious  truths  of  vegetable 
anatomy." — HalUim's  Lit.  Hist,  of  EiiTopi;,  q.  v. 

For  an  account  of  Grew  and  his  other  works,  see  Biog. 
Brit. ;  Ward's  Gresham ;  Rees's  Cyc. ;  Funl.  Serm.,  by 
Shower.  Grew  tells  us  that  his  Cosmologia  Sacra  was  writ- 
ten chiefly  to  demonstrate  the  truth  and  excellency  of  the 
Bible. 

Grew,  Obadiah,  D.D.,  1607-1698,  father  of  the  pre- 
ceding, minister  of  St.  Michael's,  Coventry,  was  ejected  at 
the  Restoration,  for  nonconformity.  1.  Serm.,  1663,  4to. 
2.  Serm.,  16711,  Svo.  3.  Meditations  upon  the  Parable  of 
the  Prodigal  .Son,  1678,  4to. 

Grey.  The  Essential  Principles  of  the  Wealth  of  Na- 
tions ;  Illustrated  in  opposition  to  some  False  Doctrines 
of  Dr.  Adam  Smith  and  others,  1797,  Svo. 

Grey,  Earl.  The  Colonial  Policy  of  Lord  J.  Rus- 
sell's Administration,  Lon.,  1853,  2  vols.  Svo;  2d  ed.,  with 
addits.,  1855,  2  vols.  Svo. 

Grey,  Mrs.  Colonel,  has  fairly  earned  a  title  to  be 
ranked  as  one  of  the  most  popular  novelists  of  the  day. 
Among  her  works  (pub.  1830-58)  .are— 1.  Alice  Seymour. 
2.  Aline.  3.  Belle  of  the  Familj'.  4.  Bosom  Friend.  5. 
Daughters.  6.  Duke  and  the  Cousin.  7.  Gambler's  Wife. 
8.  Hy.acinthe.  9.  Little  Wife,  and  The  Baronet's  Daugh- 
ters. 10.  Mary  Seaham.  11.  Old  Country  House.  12.  Old 
Dower  House  13.  Rectory  Guest.  14.  Sibyl  Leonard.  15. 
Young  Prima  Donna.   16.  Young  Husban.l.  17.  Two  Hearts. 

Grey,  Arthur,  Lord.  Services  of  Wm.,  Lord  Grey 
of  Wilton.  Edit,  by  Sir  P.  de  Malpas  G.  Egerton,  Camden 
Soc,  Lon.,  1847,  4to. 

Grey,  Auchitell,  thirty  years  M.P.  for  the  county 
of  Derby.  Debates  of  the  House  of  Commons,  1667- 
94,  Lon.,  1763,  10  vols.  Svo. 

Grey,  Ford  Lord.  1-5.  Pamphlets,  1738-50;  see 
Lowndes's  Bibl.  Man.  6.  The  Secret  Hist,  of  the  Rye- 
House  Plot  and  of  Monmouth's  Rebellion,  1754,  Svo. 

Grey,  Capt.  Sir  George,  K.C.B.,  1848;  Lieut,-Gov. 
S.  Australia,  1841  ;  Gov.  of  New  Zealand,  1846:  Gov.,  Ac 
of  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope,  1854.  1.  Journals  of  Two  E.\- 
peditions  in  N.W.  and  Western  Australia  in  1837-39,  Lon.. 
1841,  2  vols.  Svo. 

"  We  have  rarely  seen  a  more  interesting  book."— ion.  Biaminer. 

2.  'Vocabulary  of  the  Dialect  of  S.W.  Australia.  1841, 
]8mo.  3.  Polynesian  Mythology,  and  Ancient  Traditional 
Hist,  of  the  New  Zealand  Race.  1855,  p.  Svo.  "Valuable 
as  presenting  many  points  of  affinity  between  the  Poly- 
nesian and  other  mythologies."  See  a  Letter  to  Sir  George, 
by  Sir  T.  Tancred.  (on  Criminals,)  and  another  by  R.  B. 
Sanderson.  Jan.,  (on  Apprenticeship.)  both  1857,  Svo. 

Grey,  Lady  Jane,  1537-1554,  a  descendant  of  Ed- 
ward IV.  and  Henry  VII.,  and  still  more  illustrious  for 
her  virtues  and  accomplishments,  has  already  largely 
claimed  our  notice  in  our  Life  of  Roger  AscH.ur.  Her 
Literary  Remains— which  consist  of  Latin  Epistles  and 
Verses,  English  Letters,  devout  treatises,  Ac— were  nub 
m  1  vol  p.  Svo,  1825,  by  Sir  N.  H.  Nicolas.  In  addition 
to  the  histories  of  England,  see  Biog.  Brit.  ;  Fo.v's  M'lr 
tjrs;  BaUard's  Memoirs;  Strype's  Memoirs;  Park's  w'al-  | 


GRE 

pole's  R.  and  N.  Authors  ;  Lowndes's  Bibl.  Man. ;  Nichols's 
Leicestershire  under  Broailgate  Park  ;  and  see  conclusion 
of  this  article.  Although  only  between  sixteen  and  seven- 
teen years  of  age  at  the  time  of  her  death.  Lady  Jane 
t?:ls  one  of  the  best  scholars  England  has  produced. 
Edward  VI.  was  considered  a  prodigy  of  learning,  but 
Lady  Jane  far  excelled  him.  Indeed,  the  fame  of  this 
learned  child  was  sounded  throughout  Europe,  and  was 
the  pride  of  the  great  Latinists  and  Grecians  at  home  : 

*'The  French,  Italian.  Lutiu.  and  Greek,  especially,  were  .is 
natural  to  her  as  her  own ;  tor  she  not  only  undersbxid  them  per- 
fectly, but  spoke  and  wrote  them  with  the  greatest  freedom  ;  and 
this  not  in  the  opinion  of  supei-ficial  judges,  but  of  lUr.  Ascham 
and  Dr.  Aylmer,  meu  who  in  point  of  veracity  are  as  much  above 
suspicion  as  in  respect  to  their  abilities  they  were  incapable  of 
being  deceived :  meu  who  for  their  learning  were  the  wonder  of 
their  own  times  and  of  ours;  the  former  famous  for  Jioman  accu- 
racy, the  latter  one  of  the  seveiest  criticks  in  those  learned  times. 
She  was  versed  likewise  in  Hebrew,  Chaldee,  and  Arabic,  and  all 
this  while  a  perfect  chili."— Biog.  Brit. 

"Aristotle's  praise  of  women  is  perfected  in  her.  She  possesses 
good  manuets.  prudence,  and  a  love  of  laltour.  She  possesses 
every  talent  without  the  least  weakness  of  her  sex.  She  speaks 
French  and  Italian  as  well  as  she  does  English.  She  writes 
readily  and  with  propriety.  She  has  more  than  once  spoken 
Greek  to  me." — Rooer  Ascham. 

"  She  had  the  ionoceucy  of  childhood,  the  beauty  of  youth,  the 
solidity  of  middle,  the  gravity  of  old,  age;  .  .  .  the  birth  of  a 
princess,  the  learning  of  a  clerk,  the  life  of  a  saint,  yet  the  death 
of  a  martyr  for  her  parents'  ofTences."— FuHcr's  Holy  State. 

The  following  work  contains  some  letters,  Ac  of  Lady 
Jane's,  and  interesting  details  respecting  her  history  and 
thiit  of  the  time:— Historia  de  la  Vita  e  de  !a  Morte  de 
Illustriss.  Signora  Giovanua  Graia  gia  Regina  eletta  e 
publicata  d'lnghilterra,  Ac,  por  Michel-angelo  Florio. 
Appresso  Richardo  Pittore,  1607,  sm.  Svo. 

Grey,  Lt.-Col.  John.  Polit.  Tracts,  Lon.,  1810, 
both  Svo. 

Grey,  Maria  G.,  and  her  sister  Emily  Shirreff. 
Thoughts  on  Self-Culture,  addressed  to  Women,  Lon  , 
1850,  '54,  2  vols.  p.  Svo. 

"  We  have  never  perused  a  work  addressed  to  women  more  full 
of  practical  common  sense."— Ladies'  (Amer.)  Natioiial  Hag. 

Grey,  Nicholas,  1590-1660,  a  native  of  London, 
Master  of  the  Charterhouse  School,  1614;  of  Merchant 
Taylors'  School,  1624;  of  Eton,  1631;  ejected  during  the 
Rebellion,  and  restored  at  the  Restoration.  1.  Luculenta 
e  Sacra  Scriptur.a,  Ac,  Lon.,  1647,  '66,  Svo.  2.  A  Dic- 
tionary in  Lat.-Eng.  and  Eng.-Lat.  3.  Parabote  Evan- 
gelicje,  Ac,  Svo. 

"  Noted  for  a  pure  Latinist  and  Grecian."- jK/iot.  Oxm  ,ov- 
and  see  M  ilsons  Uist.  of  Merchant  Taylors'  School:  Uarwood's 
Alumni  Ltouenses. 

Grey,  Richard,  D.D.,  1694-1771,  a  native  of  New- 
castle, entered  of  Lincoln  Coll.,  Oxf.,  1712;  Rector  of  Ilin- 
ton,  Northamptonshire,  1721;  became  Rector  of  Kincote, 
Leicestershire,  and  Preb.  of  St.  Paul's.  His  principal 
works  are  :— 1.  Memoria  Technica,  Lon.,  1730,  '32,  '75,  '92. 
Last  ed.,  1851, 12mo.  Abridged  by  J.  H.  Todd,  1840, 18mo! 
2.  Eng.  Eccles.  Law,  1730,  '32,  '36,  '43,  Svo.  The  last  is 
the  bested.  3.  Hebrew  without  Points,  1738,  Svo.  4.  Liber 
Jobi,  in  Versicnios  Metrice  Divisus,  Ac,  1742,  Svo. 

"A  learned  and  valuable  Kork."— Home's  Bilil.  Bih. 

Grey's  Liber  Jobi  was  criticized  by  Mr.— afterwards 
Bishop— Warburton,  and  Gray  responded  in  (5)  An  An- 
swer to  Mr.  Warburton's  Remarks,  Ac,  1744,  Svo. 

"  Dr.  Grey  was  a  disciple  of  Schultens  and  Hare.  lu  his  Job  he 
adopts  the  transLition  of  the  former  and  the  metrical  arrange- 
meut  of  the  latter."— Oraic's  Bibl.  Bib. 

6.  The  Last  Words  of  David,  divided  according  to  tha 
Metre,  with  Notes  Crit.  and  Explan.,  1749,  4to. 

"Ingenious  and  elegant,  and  was  intended  as  a  specimen  of  a 
translation  of  the  poetical  passages  of  the  Old  Testament,  but 
which  I  believe  was  never  published."— Ormc's  Bibl.  Bib. 

Dr.  Grey  pub.  a  number  of  sermons,  Ac. 

Grey,  Kobert  Hyde.  1.  Scotch  Farming  in  tha 
Lothians,  Lon.,  1842,  Svo.  2.  Scotch  Farming  in  Eng- 
land, 1842,  Svo.     See  Donaldson's  Agricult.  Biog. 

Grey,  Thomas.     Serm.,  1685,  4to. 

Grey,  Thomas,  Earl  of  Stamford.  Speech  at  the 
Quarter  Sessions,  Leicester,  Lon.,  1692,  4to. 

Grey,  Thomas.     Serm.,  1715,  12mo. 

Grey,  Thomas  de.  1.  The  Compleat  Horseman 
and  Expert  Farrier,  1651,  '56,  '70,  4to.  2.  Expert  Far- 
rier,  1752,  Svo. 

Grey,  Wm.  Chorographia:  or,  a  Survey  of  New- 
castle-upon-Tyne, Newcast.,  1649,  sm.  4to;  1813,  sm.  fol. 
Rejuinted  in  Harleian  Miscell.,  vol.  iii. 

lirey.  Sir  Wm.  de.     The  Gout,  Lon.,  1772,  Svo. 

Grey,  Zachary,  LL.D.,  1687-1766,  educated  at  Jesus 
Coll.,  Camb.,  became  Rector  of  Houghton  Conquest,  Bed- 
fordshire, and  Vicar  of  St,  Peter's  and  St.  Giles's,  Cam- 
bridge.    His  best-known  work— the  edit,  of  Uudibras 


GRE 


GRI 


has  been  alrearly  noticed  in  our  life  of  Samuel  Butler. 
AmoDg  his  other  publications  are  An  Examination  of  the 
2d,  3d,  and  4th  books,  &c.  of  Neal's  Hist,  of  the  Puritans, 
(pub.  by  Grey,  17^6,  '37,  '39,  '44,)  many  pieces  against 
the  Dit-senters,  and  several  pamphlet?  against  Bishop  War- 
burton,  Oidmixon,  &e.  Grey  was  a  contributor  to  Peck's 
Desiderata,  and  assisted  Whalley  in  his  ed.  of  Shakspeare. 
For  a  detailed  account  of  his  literary  labours  consult 
Nichols's  Lit.  Anec. ;  Cole's  MS.  Athence  in  BriL  Museum ; 
Chalmers's  Biog.  Diet. 

Warburton's  attack  on  Grey's  Hudibras  was  not  consi- 
dered especially  complimentary.  In  his  Preface  to  Shak- 
speare he  does  not  hesitate  to  say  that  he 

"  Hardly  thinks  there  ever  appwtred  in  any  learned  language 
so  execralile  a  heap  of  nonsense  under  the  name  of  Commentaries 
as  hath  lately  been  given  us  on  this  satiric  po«t." 
Fielding  refers  to  our  author  as 

"The  laborious,  much-read  Dr.  Zachary  Grey,  of  whose  abun- 
dant notes  to  Hudibras  I  shall  only  say  that  it  is.  I  am  contident, 
the  single  book  extant  in  which  above  500  -luthors  are  quoted 
not  one  of  which  could  be  found  in  the  collection  of  the  late  Dr. 
Mead." — Pnfiice  to  Voyage  tn  Lishon. 
Yet  Dr.  Warton  remarks  that 

"If  Butler  is  worth  i-eading  he  is  worth  explaining;  and  the  re- 
searches used  for  so  valuable  and  elegant  a  purpose  merit  the  thanks 
of  genius  and  candour,  not  the  satire  of  prejudice  and  ignorance." 
Greyson,  T.     Obs.  on  the  V.  Disease,  1796,  Svo. 
Grice,  Charles  Valentine  Le,     See  Le  Grice. 
Gi'ice,  Thomas.     Short  Vindic.  of  the  Coustit.  of 
the  Ch.  of  Eng.,  Lou.,  1689,  4to. 

Gridley,  Jeremiah,  d.  1767,  Attorney-General  of 
the  Province  of  Massachusetts,  a  distinguished  lawyer, 
wrote  many  articles  of  grent  merit  in  The  Weekly  Re- 
hearsal, pub.  in  Boston,  1731,  Ac,  of  which  he  was  editor. 
See  Thomas's  Hist,  of  Printing;  Mass.  Hist.  Soc.  Coll., 
1st  series,  iii.  301,  v.  212;  Bost.  Postboy,  Sept.  14,  1767; 
Minot,  i.  S8-y0  ;  Gordon,  i.  141 ;  Allen's  Amer.  Biog.  Diet. 
Grier,  Rev.  Richard.  1.  Answer  to  Ward's  Errata 
of  the  Prot.  Bible,  Lon.,  1812,  4to.  2.  Epit.  of  the  General 
Councils  of  the  Church,  325-1563,  Ac,  Dubl.,  1828,  8vo. 

"A  very  useful  compendium,  particularly  to  those  who  have 
not  the  opportunity  of  consulting  the  gieat  collections." — Bicler- 
sieih's  C.  S. 

Grier,  Wra.  1.  Mechanics'  Pocket  Dictionary,  Edin., 
12mo.     2.  Mechanics'  Calculator,  12mo. 

"  M'e  do  not  know  a  more  useful  companion  than  this  work 
■would  prove  to  all  persons  going  out  to  new  or  thinly-peopled 
count  ries." — Mdropul,  Mug. 

Grierson,  Constantia,  d.  1733,  aged  27,  a  native 
of  Kilkenny,  born  in  an  humble  sphere  of  life,  attained 
celebrity  by  her  learning  and  piety.  Her  husband,  George 
Grierson,  was  a  printer  in  Dublin,  and  Lord  Carteret  gave 
the  family  the  lucrative  patent  office  of  King's  Printer  in 
Ireland.  The  patent  expired  in  1846.  1.  An  ed.  of  Taci- 
tus, Dubl.,  1730,  3  vols.  Svo.     Dedicated  to  Lord  Carteret. 

"  Dr.  Harwood  esteems  her  Tacitus  one  of  the  best-edited  books 
ever  published." 

2.  An  ed.  of  Terence.  Dedicated  to  Lord  Carteret's  son, 
to  whom  she  also  wrote  a  Greek  epigram.  See  Ballard's 
Memoirs;  Gibber's  Lives;  Pref.  to  Mrs.  Barber's  Poems; 
Boswell's  Life  of  Johnson. 

Grierson,  James,  M.D.  1.  Delineation  of  St.  An- 
drew's, 1807,  ]2mo.  2.  Miueralogical  con.  to  Thorn.  Ann. 
Philos..  1813,  '14.  '17. 

Grierson,  Rev,  James.  Treatise  on  the  Lord's 
Supper,  Edin.,  1839,  fp.  Svo. 

'•  The  addresses  are  very  scriptural." — Edin.  Chris.  Instriic. 

Grieve,  James,  M.D.  1.  Trans,  of  Celsus,  Of  Medi- 
cine, Lon.,  1756,  Svo.  2.  Hist,  of  Kamtschatka,  Ac,  from 
the  Russian  of  Kraskeninicoff,  1763,  4to.  Glouces.j  1764, 
4to.     Also  pub.  at  St.  Petersburg. 

Grieve,  John,  M.D.  1.  Dropsy;  Med.  Com.,  1785. 
2.  Koumiss  Wine;  Trans.  Soc,  Edin.,  17SS. 

Grieve,  Wm,     Con.  to  Med.  Com.,  17S5. 

Griffies,  Thomas.  The  Journey  to  Brighton;  an 
Heroic-Comic  Poem,  Lon..  1788,  4to. 

Griffin,  Rev.  Mr.     Future  State,  Lon.,  1755,  Svo. 

Griffin,  Anthony.     Astrolog.  Judgment,  1655,  Svo. 

Griffin,  B.  Fidessa  more  Chaste  than  Kinde,  1596, 
16mo  ;  Chiswiek,  1815.  100  copies  printed,  with  an 
advertisement  by  Mr.  Singer.  This  is  a  collection  of 
amatory  sonnets. 

Griffin,  Rev.  Edmund  Dorr,  1S04-1830,  a  native 
of  Wyoming,  Pennsylvania,  was  the  son  of  George  Griffin. 
LL.D.,  a  member  of  the  New  York  Bar,  and  the  author 
of  a  volume  pub.  in  1850,  entitled  The  Gospel  Its  Own 
Advocate,  N.  York,  12mo.  The  subject  of  this  notice 
entered  Columbia  Coll.,  N.  York.  1S19;  graduated,  1823; 
ordained  deacon  in  the  Episcopal  Church,  1826.  On  his 
return  from  a  trip  to  Europe  in  1830,  taken  with  the  hope 


of  benefiting  bis  health,  he  delivered  a  course  of  lectures 
in  Columbia  College  on  Roman,  Italian,  and  English  Lite- 
rature, which  gave  great  satisfaction.  Literary  remains, 
edited  by  his  brother,  F.  Griffin,  with  a  Memoir  by  Rev. 
John  McVickar,  D.D.,  N.  York,  1S31.  2  vols.  Svo.  These 
vols,  contain  poems,  journals  from  his  tour  in  Europe,  and 
extracts  from  his  lectures. 

*■  We  cannot  doubt  for  a  moment  that  thousands  of  British  hearts 
will  be  touched  with  affection  and  esteem  for  the  delightful  character 
of  their  American  brother.'' — Blackwood's  Mug. 

An  interesting  notice  of  Griffin,  and  a  review  of  his 
Literary  Remains,  by  Wm.  Cullen  Bryant,  will  be  found 
in  the  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  xxxiv.  119-144.  See  also  a  paper 
by  Rev.  N.  L.  Frothingham,  in  Chris.  Exam.,  xi.  270,  and 
one  by  R.  Palmer,  in  Chris.  Quar.  Rev.,  iii.  651. 

Griffin,  Edward  Dorr,  D.D.,  1770-1837,  President 
of  Williams  College,  Mass.,  1821-36,  bad  previously  to  his 
election  been  Prof,  of  Pulpit  Eloquence  in  the  Theolog.  Sem. 
at  Audover,  and  was  settled  as  a  minister  both  at  Newark 
and  Boston.     Sixty  Serms.  on  Prac.  Subjects,  N.Y'.,  Svo. 

'*Oue  of  the  most  popular  pulpit  orators  Americi  has  produced. 
He  had  taste,  and  feeling,  and  enthusiasm,  and  his  powers  of  de- 
scription were  unrivalled.'* — English  notice.  See  the  Life  of  Dr. 
Griffin,  by  Rev.  W.  B.  Sprague,  pub.  in  N.  York. 

Griffin,  Edward  Loggin.    Original  instruments  rel. 
to  the  diocese  of  Gloucester,  Cirenc,  1720.  Svo. 
Griffin,  Eliz.     Juvenile  Tales.  &c.,  1799.  &c. 
Griffin,  Frederick.     Junius  Discovered,  Bost,  1854, 
12mo.     See  Junius. 

Griffin,  George,  LL.D.  The  Gospel  its  own  Advo- 
cate, N.  York,  1S50.  12mo.  See  Griffin.  Rev.  Edmund  D. 
Griffin,  Gerald,  1803-1840,  a  novelist  of  some  note, 
was  a  native  of  Limerick,  emigrated  to  London  in  his 
twentieth  year,  and  became  first  a  reporter  for  the  daily 
press,  and  subsequently  an  author.  In  1S3S  he  joined  the 
Christian  Brotherhood  (R.  Catholic)  of  Cork,  and  two  years 
laterwascutoff  by  afever.  His  first  publication — Holland- 
Tide,  or  Munster  Popular  Tales — appeared  in  1827;  and 
their  reception  was  so  encouraging  that  he  was  induced  to 
give  to  the  world,  in  the  same  year,  his  Tales  of  the  Mun- 
ster Festivals.  The  contents  of  the  collective  ed.  of  hig 
works,  pub.  in  8  vols.  fp.  Svo,  1842-43,  and  again  in  1846, 
are  as  follows :  Vol.  I.  Life,  by  his  Brother.  II.  Collegians. 
III.  Card-Drawing;  The  Half  Sir;  Suil-Dhuv.  IV.  The 
Rivals;  Tracy's  Ambition.  V.Holland-Tide.  VI.  Duke 
of  Monmouth.  VII.  Tales  of  the  Jury-Room.  VIII. 
Poetry.  To  the  first  vol.  of  above  series,  and  to  Miss  Mit- 
ford's  Recollections  of  a  Literary  Life,  we  must  refer  the 
reader  for  further  information  respecting  Griffin  and  his  lite- 
rary labours.  See  also  Dublin  Univ.  Mag.,  xxiii.  157-170. 
'■The  author  of  the  Collegians  must  live;  and  as  an  able  de- 
lineator of  our  national  feelinj^s — as  an  expounder  of  that  subtlest 
of  problems,  the  Irish  heart — he  cannot  be  forgotten;  but  with 
Carleton,  and  Baoim,  and  Jliss  Edgeworth,  and  one  or  two  more, 
ho  will  take  his  place  in  our  Irish  firmament,  and  form  a  portion 
of  that  galaxy  to  which  we  are  wont  to  look  with  wonder  and 
pride." — Dublin  Univ.  Mag.^  vhi  supra. 

"  The  book  that,  above  any  other,  speaks  to  me  of  the  trials,  the 
sufferings,  the  broken  heart  of  a  man  of  genius,  is  that  Life  of 
Gerald  Griffin,  written  by  a  brother  worthy  of  him,  which  precedes 
the  only  edition  of  his  collected  works."' — 5liss  Mitford  :  ubi  supra. 
Griffin,  Gregory.  The  Microcosm;  a  Periodical 
Work,  by  G.  G.,  2d  ed.,  1786,  Svo;  1787.  Svo;  Windsor, 
17S8,  Svo  ;  1790,  2  vols.  12mo.  Written  by  four  Etonians, 
John  Smith,  George  Canning,  Robert  Smith,  and  John 
Frere,  with  occasional  assistance  from  other  Etonians. 

Griffin,  John,  1769-1S34,  minister  of  an  Independent 
congregation  at  Portsea,  wrote  some  theolog.  treatises,  Ac. 
Memoirs  and  Remains  of,  by  bis  sons,  Lon.,  1S40,  Svo. 

"It  may  be  fairly  placed  with  the  lives  of  Matthew  and  Philip 
Henry;  and  Thomas  Scott,  and  works  of  that  profitable  character." 
— Lon.  Evangd.  Mag. 

Griffin,  John  J.  The  Radical  Theory  of  Chemistry, 
or.  Svo. 

Griffin,  Robert.     Interest  Tables,  Lon.,  1775,  Svo. 

Griffin,  W.     Culture  of  the  Pine-Apple,  1810,  Svo. 

Griffinhoof,  Arthur.  The  Maskers  of  Moorfields; 
a  Vision,  1815. 

Griffith,  Capt.  Military  Law,  Proceed,  of  Courts- 
Martial,  &c.,  Lun.,  1841,  12mo. 

Griffith,  Alex.  Strena  Vavasoriensis ;  an  account  of 
the  doctrine,  &c.  of  Vavasor  Powell,  <fec.,  Lon.,  1654,  4to. 
Other  theolog.  works. 

Griffith,  Amyas.     Tythes,  Lon.,  1787,  Svo. 

Griffith,  C,  M.D.     Walcheren  Fever,  Lon.,  ISIO,  Svo. 

Griffith,  Edward.  1.  Vertebrated  and  Carnivorous 
Animals,  Lon.,  1821,  2  vols.  r.  Svo.  2.  Cuvier's  Animal 
Kingdom;  trans,  by  E.  G.  and  others.  16  vols,  in  demy 
Svo,  £26  S*. ;  in  r.  Svr-.  eol'd,  £51  12s.;  in  demy  4to,  In- 
dia proof,  £52  168,  pp.  9U00,  814  engravings. 

741 


GRI 


GRI 


Griffith,  Edward.  1.  Ancient  Records,  Ac,  Lon., 
1827.  Sv...     2.  K.-;l-iii|>.  I'miii  l'.>ur  Rates,  ISMIl,  8vo. 

Griltith,  Mrs.  Elizabeth,  d.  17113.  a  lady  of  Welsh 
descent,  acquired  some  eminence  as  a  novelist.  Slie  wrote, 
in  conjunction  with  her  husband,  Richard  Griffith,  Tii« 
Letters  of  Henry  and  Frances,  and  two  novels,  Delicate 
Dishes  and  The  Gordian  Knot.  Mrs.  G-.  also  wrote  a  num- 
ber of  other  worlts,  among  which  are  Lady  Barton  ;  Juli- 
ana Harley;  some  dramas;  The  Morality  of  Shakspcare's 
Dramas  Illustrated,  &c.  See  Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  xl.  ?.&i  ; 
Ixiii.  10-1;  Victor's  Works;  Miss  Seward's  Letters;  Biog. 
Dramat. 

Gritiith,  Evan.  Scrm.  at  the  Funl.  of  Sir  Matt.  Hale, 
on  Isa.  Ivii.  1,  Lon,,  1G77,  4to. 

Gritiith,  George,  Bishop  of  St.  Asaph.    Discourses 

on  the  Lord's  Supper  ;  edit,  by  A.  Allam,  Oxon.,  1684,  Svo. 

Gritiith,  George,  D.D.     Gueddcr  Arglwydd  Wedi  ei 

Hcgluro  ;  mewn  amry  w  ym.adroddiou,  neu  Bregetheu  Byr- 

rion,  Rbydychen,  1685,  Svo. 

Gritiith,  Major,  and  Mrs.  George  Darby.  A 
Journey  from  India  across  the  Desert,  Lon.,  1844,  2  vols, 
8to. 

*'  We  cordially  commend  this  work." — Lon.  Globe. 
Griffith,  Guyon.     Con.  to  Archaiol.,  1770,  '74,  '76. 
Gritiith,  Ileury,  d.  1788,  was  the  author  of  several 
novels. 

Gritiith,  J.  VV.,    M.D.     1.  Urinary  Deposits,  Lon., 
1843.  12mo.     2.  Manual  on  the  Blood,  1846,  12mo.    3.  By 
J.  W.   Gritfith    and  Arthur   Ileufrey,  Micrographic  Dic- 
tionary, lSo4-.^6,  sm.  4to.     A  work  of  great  value. 
Gritiith,  John.     Theolog.  treatises,  Lon.,  1655,  '81. 
Gritiith,  John.     Serms.  and  Discourses,  1701-07. 
Gritiith,  John,  a  preacher  in  the  Society  of  Friends, 
came  to  America  in  1726,  and  travelled  through  N.  Jersey, 
Penua.,  ifec.     1.  Brief  Remarks,  Lon.,  1764,  Svo.     2.  A 
Journal  of  his  Life,  Travels,  and  Labours  in  the  Work  of 
the  Ministry,  1779,  Svo. 

Griffith,  John,  M.D.  1.  French  Monuments,  1803, 
Svo.  2.  Travels  in  Europe,  Asia  Minor,  and  Arabia,  Lon., 
ISOo,  4to.  These  travels  have  been  trans,  into  French. 
3.  Worm-Shells;  Phil.  Trans.,  1S06. 

Griffith,  John.     Serms.,  Lon.,  1823,  all  4to. 
Griffith,  Jnlia.     Autographs  for  Freedom,  edited  by 
J.  G.,  N.  York,  12mo. 

Griffith,  Matthew,  D.D.  Serms.,  ic,  Lon.,  1632- 
66,  all  4to. 

Griffith,  Mattie.   Poem3,nowfirst  collected,  N.York, 
1862,  12mo. 
Griffith,  Michael.     See  Alford. 
Griffith,  Moses,  M.D.     Fevers,  1776,  '95,  Svo. 
Gritiith,  Owen.     Funl.  Serm.,  16S1,  Svo. 
Griffith,  Richard.     A-la-mode  Phlebotomy  no  good 
Fashion,  Lon..  1681,  Svo. 

Griffith,  Richard,  an  Irishman,  the  husband  of 
ELIZ.4BETH  Griffith.  <7.  p.  The  Triumvirate,  1764,  2  vols. 
12mo.  A  disrei>utable  novel.  He  pub.  some  other  works 
in  conjunction  with  his  wife. 

Gritiith,  Richard.     Med.  treatises,  Lon.,  1792,  Svo. 
Griffith,  Richard.     Inland  Navig,ation,  1795. 
Griffith,  Richard,  Jr.    Geolog.  and  Mining  Surveys, 
Dulil.,  1S14-1S,  2  vols.  Svo. 

Griffith,  Robert.  Serms.,  Ac,  1711-21. 
Griffith,  Robert  Egglesfield,  M.D.,  of  Philadel- 
phia. 1.  Medical  Botany,  Phila.,  1S47,  Svo.  2.  Universal 
Formulary,  2d  ed.,  pub.  after  the  decease  of  the  author; 
edited  by  Robert  P.  Thom.as,  M.D.,  1856,  Svo.  Dr.  Griffith, 
in  addition  to  other  professi(mal  literary  labours,  edited 
medical  works  of  MuUer,  Taylor,  Christison,  Garrad, 
Payne,  Ac. 

Griffith,  Roger.     River  Thames,  Lon.,  1746,  Svo. 
Griffith,  Sophia.     She  Would  be  a  Heroine,  Lon., 
1S16,  3  vols.  12mo. 

Griffith,  Thomas.     Serms.,  1757-73. 
Griffith,  Thomas,  minister  of  Ram's  Chapel,  Homer- 
ton.     1.  Lects.  on  Confirmation  and  the  Lord's  Supper, 
Lon.,  1835,  12mo.    2.  Serms.,  1S3S,  12mo.    Much  esteemed. 
Other  works. 

Griffith,  W.  P.     1.  Temples  of  Greece,  1843,  r.  Svo; 
3d  ed.,  1847,  r.  4to.     2.  Natural  System  of  Architecture, 
Lon.,  1845,  r.  4to.     3.  Ancient  Gothic  Churches,  1847,  r. 
4to.     4.  Architectural  Botany,  1852,  4to. 
Gritfith,  \V.     See  Grvffith. 
Griffith,  \Vm.     Legal  treatises,  Ac. 
Griffiths,  Charles,  M.D.     Hepatitis,  1816,  Svo. 
Gritfiths,  John,  M.D.     See  Gkikfith. 
Griffiths,  John  Willis,  b.  Oct.  6,  1809,  in  the  city 
of  New  York,  senior  editor  of  the  Nautical  Magazine.     1. 
713  ° 


Treatise  on  Marino  and  Naval  Architecture;  or.  Theory 
and  Practice  blended  in  Ship-Building,  N.  Y'ork,  1850, 
large  4to,  pp.  420,  60  plates ;  4th  ed.,  1854,  2  vols.  sm.  4to. 
'•  Not  only  valuiible,  but  almost  iuclispens.iljle,  to  the  modern 
ship-tmilder." — Truhncr's  Bibl.  Guide  to  Aiii'r.  Lit. 

"Also  highly  commended  by  Bell,  Westervelt,  Smith  A 
Dimon,  McKay,  Hart,  and  Skiddy,  eminent  ship-builders 
in  America,  and  by  Mr.  Aug.  Normaud,  of  Havre.  2.  Ship- 
Builder's  Manual  and  Nautical  Referee,  1853,  2  vols.  sm. 
4to,  pp.  40(1. 

Griffiths,  Joshua.  Ordination  serm.,  Lon.,  1754,  Svo. 
Griffiths,  Lemuel.     F'ast  serm.,  1760,  Svo. 
Griffiths,  Ralph,  LL.D.,  d.  1803,  the  editor  and  pro- 
prietor of  the  Monthly  Review,  established  this  work  in 
1749,  and  continued  his  supervision  until  his  death.     The 
Review  lived  almost  a  century — ex]iiring  in  1842.     Much 
interesting  information   relating  to  Griffiths  and  his  Re- 
view will  be  found  in  Prior's  Life  of  Goldsmith,  and  other 
records  of  the  literature  of  the  time;  and  we  may  be  per- 
mitted to  refer  to  an  article  by  the  present  writer,  entitled 
A  Review  of  Reviews,  No.   II.,  in  Putnam's  (N.  Y'ork) 
Monthly  Magazine  for  March,  1853. 
Griffiths,  Roger.     See  Griffith. 
Griffiths,  Thomas,  Prof,  of  Chemistry  in  the  Med. 
Coll.  of  St.  Bart.  Hospital,  London.      1.  Recreations  in 
Chemistry,  Lon.,  1841.  fp.  Svo ;  1860,  12mo.    2.  Chemistry 
of  the  Four  Ancient  Elements,  1842,  fp.  Svo;  1851,  12mo. 
3.  Chemistry  of  the  Four  Seasons,  1846,  p.  Svo;  1S53, 
12mo. 

'•This  volume  illustrates  in  a  simple, popular,  and  amusing 
manner  the  chemical  physiolO(^y  of  plants.'' — Brit,  and  For.  M^d. 
Jiev. 

4.  The  Writing-Desk  and  its  Contents,  1844,  fp.  Svo. 
5.  Chemistry  of  the  Crystal  Palace,  1S51,  12mo.  6.  Out- 
lines of  Chemistrv,  18mo. 

Griffiths,  win.  Farriery,  Wrexham,  1784,  '87,  Svo. 
Griffitts,  Samuel  Powel,  M.D.,  1759-1826,  a  dis- 
tinguished physician  of  Philadelphia,  and  a  native  of  that 
city,  a  man  of  great  learning,  piety,  and  usefulness,  was 
one  of  the  editors  of  the  (Medical)  Eclectic  Repertory. 
An  interesting  biography  of  Dr.  Griffitts  will  be  found  in 
Thacher's  Ainer.  Med.  Biog. 

Gritl'yth,  John.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1698,  4to. 
Griflyth,     or    Griffith,   W.      Villare   Hibernicum, 
1690,  4to. 

Grigby,  George.  Heights  and  Dist.inces,  Ac, 
1807,  4to. 

Grigg,  or  Greg,  John  or  Wm.  Medical  advice  to 
the  Female  Sex,  Bath,  1789,  '9.3,  Svo. 

Grigman,  Stephen.     Serm.,  1728,  4to. 
Griggs,  Messrs.     General  View  of  the  Agricult.  of 
the  County  of  Essex,  Lon.,  1794,  4to. 

"  The  iuformalion  seems  to  be  sufiioieutly  correct,  and  the  re- 
marks are  judicious." — Dimdtdson^s  AgricuJt.  Biog. 

Grigor,  Alexander.  1.  Game  Laws  of  Scotland, 
Edin.,  Svo.  2.  Reports  of  the  Genl.  Assembly  of  Ch.  of 
Scot,  for  1834,  1834,  Svo. 

Grigsby,  Hugh  Blair,  b.  in  Norfolk,  Virginia,  1806, 
son  of  the  Rev.  Beujamin  Grigsby,  was  a  member  of  the 
Virginia  Convention  of  1829-30,  respecting  which  body 
he  wrote  a  Discourse  in  1853,  which  was  delivered  before 
the  Historical  Society  of  Virginia.  He  also  wrote  a  Dis- 
course on  the  Virginia  Convention  of  1776,  which  was 
delivered  before  the  College  of  William  and  Mary  in  Vir- 
ginia, on  the  3d  of  July,  1S55;  pub.  in  the  same  year. 

"  It  treats  in  a  clear,  concise  style,  which  freiiuently  rises  to  the 
level  of  high  oratory,  and  which  is  throughout  well  sustained 
and  deeply  attractive,  the  entire  history  of  the  Convention  in 
question,  embracing  admirable  biographies  of  its  meml>ers. 
Among  the  m,Hny  glimpses  which  we  have  had  of  late  montfis  of 
Revolutionary  History — thanks  to  the  patriotism  and  zeaf  of  our 
Historical  Societies — we  can  recall  none  more  deserving  of  com- 
mendation than  this,  as  set  forth  in  the  volume  before  us.  We 
commend  it  with  the  assurance  th.it  every  one  interested  in  Ame- 
rican  history  will  add  it  to  his  library." 

Mr.  Grigsby  has  contributed  a  number  of  articles  to  the 
Southern  Literary  Messenger;  among  which  is  an  inte- 
resting paper  on  the  Randolph  Library. 

Grim,  C.  F.     Register  of  Deeds,  N.  York,  1822,  Svo. 
Grimald,  Nicholas.     See  Grimbold. 
Grimaldi,  Stacey.     Origines  Genealogicse;  or,  the 
Sources  whence  English  Genealogies  may  be  traced  from 
the  Conquest  to  the  Present  Time,  1828,  4to. 

"  Mr.  Grimaldi  must  ensure  to  himself  the  lespect  of  antiquaries 
and  the  gratitude  of  his  profession." — Lon.  Kttrosp.iiev.,  N.  S.,  i. 
620 1  1827. 

Grimbald,  Nicholas.     See  Grimbold. 
Grimblot,  Paul.     Letters  of  William  III.  and  Louis 
XIV.,  and  of  their  Ministers,  Lon.,  1S4S,  2  vols.  Svo.  This 
i  important  work  illustrates  the  domestic  and  foreign  politics 


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of  England  from  the  Peace  of  Ryswick  to  the  Accession 
of  Philip  V.  of  Spain,  1697-1700. 

"The  Letters  of  William  III.  are  both  the  most  authentic  and 
the  most  satisfactory  explanation  of  his  policy  duriui;  the  three 
momentous  years  that  closed  the  seventeenth  century.  — lULl-iM. 
"The  interval  between  the  I'eace  of  llyswick  and  the  breaking 
out  of  the  Rre-it  war  in  1702,  though  a  short  is  a  most  interesting 
cue."— Lord  Chesterfield. 

"  The  literary  value  of  this  work  is  very  great,  and  it  abounds 
in  new  and  interesting  particulars;  while  it  has  the  immense  ad- 
Tantage  of  present  in-Y.u-  the  first  time,  in  an  accessible  and  popu- 
lar form,  a  mass  of  d.ic\iinents  which  will  enable  every  one  to  ap- 
preciate the  natiniial  importance  of  the  interests  involved  in  the 
great  question  of  the  Spanish  Succession."— B/m.  J!a: 

"Before  closiug  these  volumes,  we  must  bear  more  particular 
testimouy  to  the  great  care  bestowed  upon  them  by  the  editor."— 
Zon.  Athenmun. 

"  A  valuable  collection  of  official  papers,  illustrative  of  a  par- 
ticular period."— imi.  Spedulnr. 

Grimbolil,  Grimald,  Grimbald,  or  Grimoald, 
Nicholas,  il.  about  1563,  an  English  poet,  educated  at 
Cambridge  and  Oxford,  opened  a  rhetorical  lecture  in  the 
refectory  of  Christ  Church,  Cxford,  wrote  verses,  and  a 
Latin  tragedy,  and  made  translations  from  the  Greek  and 
Latin  poets.  His  Latin  tragedy  of  John  the  Baptist  was 
pub.  in  1518  ;  trans,  from  Cicero,  1553,  '56,  '58,  '68,  '74, 
'96;  from  Virgil,  1591;  Oratio,  1583;  and  his  Songes 
("written  by  N.  G.")  will  be  found  annexed  to  the  Songes 
and  Sonnettes  of  uncertain  Auctours,  printed  by  TotteU. 
For  further  particulars,  see  authorities  cited  below. 

"  He  is  the  second  English  poet  after  Lord  Surrey  who  wrote  in 
blank  verse.  Nor  is  it  his  only  praise  that  he  was  the  first  who 
followed  in  this  new  path  of  v'ersilication.  To  the  style  of  blank 
verse  e.vhibited  by  Surrey,  he  added  now  strength,  elegance,  and 
modulation.  .  .  .  ttrimoald,  as  a  writer  of  verses  in  rhyme,  yields 
to  none  of  his  cotemporaries  for  a  masterly  choice  of  chaste  ex- 
pression, and  the  concise  elegancies  of  didactic  versification.  Some 
of  the  couplets,  in  his  poem  In  Pr.^ise  of  Moderation,  have  all 
the  smartness  which  marks  the  modern  style  of  sententious  poetry, 
and  would  have  done  honom-  to  Pope's  ethic  Epistles."— JRirtoil's 
Sist.  of  Ely-  l'"'t-  .. 

"Nor  was  this  polish  of  langmage  peculiar  to  Surrey  and  his 
friend, [Wyatt.]  In  the  short  poems  of  Lord  Vaux,  and  of  others 
about  the  same  time,  even  in  those  of  Nicholas  (Grimoald,  a  lec- 
turer at  Oxford,  who  was  no  courtier,  but  had  acciuired  a  classical 
taste,  we  find  a  rejection  of  obsolete  and  trivial  phrases,  and  the 
beginning  of  what  we  now  call  the  style  of  our  older  poetry."— 
Ballam's  Lit.  Hist,  of  Euinpe. 

"  In  the  disposition  and  conduct  of  his  cadences  he  often  ap- 
proaches to  the  le;;itimate  structure  of  the  improved  blank  verse, 
ihough  not  entirely  free  from  tho.se  dissonances  and  asperities 
which  still  adhered  to  the  general  character  of  our  diction."— 
Erdss  Spec,  of  the  Early  Eng.  Poets. 

See  also  Bale;  Tanner;  Strype's  Cranmer;  Bliss  s 
Wood's  Athen.  IJxon. 

Grimes,  Thomas.     The  Farrier,  Lon.,  1636,  12mo. 
Grimestoiie,  or  Grimstbiie,  Edward,  trans,  the 
Hist,  of  Ostcnd,  of  the  Netherlands,  of  Spain,  and  other 
works,  Lon.,  Hi01-3o.     See  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit. 
Grimestoii,  Elizabeth.     See  Guymkston. 
Griraestoii,   William,    Lord    Viscount.      See 
Grimston. 

Grimke,  Frederick,  a  brother  of  Thomas  Smith 
Grimke,  (see  jiost.)  The  Nature  and  Tendency  of  Free 
Institutions,  Cincin.,  1S48,  Svo. 

Grimke,  John  F.,  d.  1819,  Judge  of  the  Supreme 
Ct.  of  S.  Carolina,  and  a  colonel  in  the  war  of  the  Revolu- 
tion. 1.  Law  of  Executors  for  S.  Carolina,  Svo.  2.  Public 
Law  of  S.  Carolina,  Phila.,  1790,  -Ito.  3.  Justice  of  the 
Peace,  2d  ed.,  1796,  Svo. 

Grimke,  Thomas  Smith,  17S6-1S34,  a  native  of 
Charleston,  S.  Carolina,  educated  at  Yale  College,  became 
an  eminent  lawyer  and  politician  in  his  native  State.  He 
was  the  author  of  a  number  of  orations,  Ac.  on  legal, 
educational,  .and  other  topics,  and  in  1831  pub.  a  vol.  of 
Addresses  on  Science,  Education,  and  Literature,  New 
Haven,  12mo. 

Grimoald,  Nicholas.    See  GnniBOLn. 
Grimshaw,  A.  II.     See  Grimshaw,  Wm. 
Grimshaw,  Wm.,  1708-1763,   Perpetual   Curate  of 
Haworth,   Yorkshire.      Principles   of    True    Christianity 
Vindicated,  Lon.,  12mo.     See  Memoirs  of  the  Life  of  W. 
S.,  by  Rev.  John  Newton,  1799,  12mo. 

Grimshaw,  Wm.,  17S2-1S52,  a  native  of  Green- 
castle,  Ireland,  emigrated  to  America  in  1815,  and  lived 
for  many  years  in  Philadelphia  and  its  vicinity.  1.  Hist, 
of  England ;  2.  of  France  ;  3.  of  Greece ;  i.  of  the  U. 
States  ;  5.  of  Rome  ;  6.  of  S.  America  and  Mexico.  7. 
Life  of  Napoleon.  8.  Etymological  Dictionary.  9.  Gen- 
tleman's Lexicon.  10.  Ladies'  Lexicon.  11.  Merchant's 
Law  Book.  12.  Form  Book.  13.  American  Chesterfield. 
Mr.  G.  also  pub.  Questions  and  Keys  to  his  histories,  re- 
vised eds.  of  Goldsmith's  Rome,  Greece,  Ac,  of  Ramsay's 
Life  of  Washington,  and  of  Baine's  Hist,  of  the  Wars 


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growing  out  of  the  French  Revolution.  Since  his  decease 
a  revised  ed.  of  his  Hist,  of  the  U.  States  has  been  pub. 
by  A.  H.  Grimshaw. 

Grimshawe,  Rev.  T.  S.     1.  Memoir  of  Legh  Rich- 
mond, Lon.,  1S28,  Svo;  11th  eil.,  1846, 12ino.     2.  Cowper's 
Works  and  Life,  1835,  8  vols.  12mo.    Last  ed.,  1847,  8  vols. 
12mo.     Of  this  ed.  70,000  had  been  issued  up  to  1853, 
when  the  8  vols,  were  repub.,  in  1  vol.  r.  Svo,  by  Phillips, 
Sampson  k  Co.,  of   Boston,  Mass.      We    have    already 
noticed  Grimshawe's  ed.  of  Cowper,  q.  v.     3.  On  the  Future 
Restoration  and  Conversion  of  the  Jews,  1843,  12nio. 
Grimstou.     Argument  cone.  Bishops,  Lon.,  1641,  4to. 
Grimstoii,  Hon.  Miss.     Arrangement  of  the  Com- 
mon Prayer  Book  and  Lessons,  Lon.,  1840,  2  vols.  12mo, 
ISmo,  and  32ino.  The  entire  Morning  Service  is  contained 
in  1  vol.,  and  the  entire  Evening  Service  in  another  vol. 
Printed  in  large  type. 
Grimston,  Edward.     See  Grimf.ston. 
Grimston,  Elizabeth.     See  Grv.mestos. 
Grimston,  Sir  Harbottle,  MP.,  1594M683.  an 
eminent  lawyer,  Speaker  of  the  House  of  Commons,  Mas- 
ter of  the  Rolls,  1660-83,  was  a  warm  yet  moderate  sup- 
porter of  the  popular  side  during  the  Civil  Wars  temp. 
Charles  L      He  w,as  a  son-in-law  of  Sir  George  Croke, 
and  pub.  his  reports,  v.  n.     1.  Speech  rel.  to  Archbp.  Laud, 
Lon.,  1641,  4to.     2.  Sirena  Christian.a,  1644,  24mo.     In 
English,  Camb.,  1644,  Svo.    3.  Sir  George  Croke's  Reports. 
Grimston,  Henry.     1.  A  Short  Account  of  various 
Charitable  Institutions  in  6.  Brit,  for  the  Benefit  of  the 
Poor  and  lutirm,  Lon.,  1794,  Svo.     2.  Perkins's  Metallic 
Tractors,  ISIIl,  12mo;  2d  ed.,  1S05. 

Grimston,  William,  Lord  Viscount,  1692  ?-1756. 
The  Lawyer's  Fortune  ;  or,  Love  in  a  Hollow  Tree.  Lon., 
1705,  4to;  1736,  Svo  and  12mo.  Sine  anno,  iio.  Rotter- 
dam, 1728, 12mo.  This  comedy  was  written  when  the  author 
was  only  thirteen  years  of  age.  He  subsequently  bought 
up  all  the  copies  "he  could  find.  When  he  was  a  candi- 
date for  the  borough  of  St.  Alban's,  Sar.ah,  Duchess  of 
Marlborough,  repub.  his  lordship's  juvenile  efiusion,  (1736, 
12mo,)  and  had  it  circulated  .among  the  electors.  His  lord- 
ship, who  was  really  a  most  worthy  man,  was  ridiculed  both 
by  Pope  and  Swift.  The  former,  referring  to  the  peer's 
residence  at  Gorhambury,  near  St.  .-Vlbau's,  exclaims: 

"Sh.Hdes  that  to  Bacon  did  retreat  alTord 
Are  now  the  portion  of  a  tjoohtf  Lord." 
And  Swift  says: 

"The  leaden  crown  devolv'd  to  thee, 
Great  poet  of  the  Hollow  Tree." 
This  is  all  very  absurd  when  considered  as  levelled 
against  the  efl'usions  of  a  bard  of  thirteen  years  of  age. 
See  Wbincop's  List  of  Drainaf.  Poets;   Biog.  Dramat. 

Griudal,  or  Gryndall,  Edmund,  D.D.,  1519-158.3, 
a  native  of  Hinsingham,  Cumberland,  educated  at  Mag- 
dalen Coll.,  Christ's  Coll.,  and  Pembroke  H.all,  Camb.; 
Fellow  of  Pembroke  Hall,  1538;  President,  1549;  Preb. 
of  Westminster,  1552  ;  fled  to  Strasbourg  on  the  accession 
of  Mary  in  1553;  returned  home  on  the  accession  of  Eliza- 
beth, 155S,  and  assisted  in  compiling  the  new  liturgy; 
Bishopof  London.  1559;  Archbishop  of  York,  1570;  trans, 
to  Canterbury,  1575.  He  was  an  eloquent  preacher,  and 
so  zealous  for  the  advancement  of  religion  that  he  refused 
to  obey  Elizabeth  when  she  ordered  him  to  substitute^  the 
reading  of  homilies  for  pnlpit  ministrations — to  "abridge 
the  number  of  preachers  and  put  down  the  religious  exer- 
cises." This  firmness  led  to  his  being  sequestered  for  a 
time  by  her  majesty.  1.  Profitable  and  Necessaryo  Doc- 
trine, Ac,  Lon.[  1555,  4to.  2.  A  Serm.,  1564,  4to  and  Svo. 
The  same  in  L.atin,  by  John  Fox,  1564,  4to.  3.  Rem.ains, 
edit,  for  the  Parker  Society  by  the  Rev.  Wm.  Nicholson, 
Rector  of  St.  Maurice,  Winchester,  Camb.,  1843,  Svo.  He 
assisted  Fox  in  his  Acts  and  Monuments. 

"  Queen  Elizabeth  highly  fiivouring  him  for  his  learning,  piety 
and  modesty,  and  single  life,  fill  at  last  he  lost  her  love  by  the 
mischievous  practices  of  his  enemies.  His  fault  was  for  keeping 
others  from  breaking  two  of  God's  comm.andments." — Fulkr's 
Worthier  of  Ciimberla7id. 

See  Strype's  Life  of  Grindal,  Lon.,  1710,  fol. ;  Oxf.,  1821, 
Svo;  A  Brief  and  True  Account  of  Edm.  Grindal,  1710, 
8to;  Memorhals  resp.  his  Suspension,  Ac,  1710,  Svo; 
Biog.  Brit.;  Harrington's  Brief  View  of  the  State  of  the 
Ch.  of  Eng. ;  Le  Neve's  Lives  of  the  Bishops ;  Hutchin- 
son's Cumberland,  vol.  xi. 

Grindal,  Wm.     See  Gryndall. 
Grindall,  Richard.    Surg.  con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1757. 
Grindlay,  Capt.  Robert  Melville.     1.  Views  in 
India,  Lon.,  1826,  '30,  atlas  4to,  36  plates,  £8  Ss. ;  col'd, 
£12  12s. 

"CiiRlSTOPnER  North.     'A  beautiful  and  splendid  work.' 

"  SuBPflEBD.    'There  maun  be  thousans  o'  leebraries^  in  Britain, 


713 


GRI 

private  and  public,  that  ought  to  ha«  sic  a  warlt.'  "—Nodes  Am- 
orosiantB. 

2.  Sculptures  in  the  Cave-Temples  of  Ellora,  1830,  r.  fol.; 
8  plates.  3.  Map  of  India,  1837.  4.  Hints  for  Travellers 
to  India,  detailing  the  Several  Routes,  1847,  12mo. 

Griufield,  Rev.  Edward  William.  X.  Novum 
Testamentum  Grajcum,  Editio  Hellenistica,  2  vols.  Scho- 
lia in  N.  T.  instruxit  atque  ornavit  E.  Grinfleld,  2  vols.; 
LoD.,  1843-48,  4  vols.  8vo.  Designed  to  show  the  close 
connexion  of  the  Greek  Testament  with  the  Septuagint. 
It  contains  upwards  of  30,000  doctrin.al  and  grammatical 
illustrations,  which  are  arranged  respectively  under  each 
verse  for  the  convenience  of  the  Student  and  Divine.  We 
need  hardly  say  that  the  lahours  of  the  editor  have  been 
great  indeed  :  to  quote  from  his  Preface : 

"  Per  decern  annos  in  hffic  Editione  eonlicienda  operam  studi- 
uraque  inipens^  elocavi." 

He  intended  to  have  increased  his  labours  by  the  addi- 
tion of  a  threefold  collation  of  the  Hebrew,  "lXX.,  and 
New  Testament.  For  an  account  of  this  truly  great  work 
we  must  refer  to  Home's  Bibl.  Bibl.,  and  the  London 
Chris.  Rememb.  for  April,  1848. 

2.  Apology  for  the  Septuagint,  in  which  its  Claims  to 
Biblical  and  Canonical  Authority  are  stated  and  vindi- 
cated, 1850,  8vo. 

"  This  Apology  may  be  regarded  as  a  natural  sequel  to  my  Hel- 
lenistic Edition  of  the  Greek  Testament."— £x(rac(  fram  tia  Pre- 
face, 

By  a  recent  statute  of  the  Senate  at  Oxford,  the  study 
of  the  Septuagint  is,  for  the  first  time,  made  indispensable 
to  all  who  stand  for  honours.  Mr.  Grinfield  has  pub.  a 
number  of  serms.  and  theolog.  and  other  treatises. 

Grinfield,  Thomas.     Poems,  Serm.,  Ac,  1815-22. 

Griiivile,     See  Grenville. 

Grisaunt,  Wm.,  a  physician,  astronomer,  and  mathe- 
matician of  the  14th  century,  studied  at  Merton  Coll.,  Oxf , 
and  subsequently  removed,  first  to  Montpellierand  then  to 
Marseilles,  where  he  practised  with  great  reputation.  Bale 
and  Pits  give  lists  of  his  works,  none  of  which  are  known 
to  be  extant.     See  Bale:  Pits;  Aikin's  Mem.  of  Med 

Gnscom,  John,  Prof,  of  Chemistry  and  Natural 
Philos.  m  the  N.  York  Institution.  A  Year  in  Europe, 
1818-19,  N.  York,  1S23,  2  vols.  8vo. 

"  ^'^  ,''?''?'y  ^^"^  '^  "■»'*  "f  «1«al  size  that  contains  so  many 
practical  details  and  statements  respecting  those  European  esta- 
blishments which  may  now  be  rendered  useful  in  our  own  practical 
country.  ...  It  is  a  book  which,  in  all  respects,  does  credit  to  its 
author  as  a  member  of  the  Society  of  Friends,  and  can  therefore 
hardly  fail  of  being  interesting  and  useful  to  the  public."— George 
Ticknor:  N.  Amer.  Jtev.,  xviii.  178-192;  1824,  q.v. 

Grisdale,  Browne,  D.D.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1789  4to 

Grisenthwaite,  Wm.  1.  Sleep ;  a  Poem,  Ac,  Lon 
1812,  12mo.     2.  New  Theory  of  Agricult.,  1820,  12mo 

"The  pity  IS  that  any  notice  of  agriculture  should  be  concealed- 
for,  though  little  or  no  substantial  good  may  accrue  from  such 
essays  as  the  above  work,  yet  it  is  pleasant  to  read  the  nibblinrrs 
of  any  imagination  at  objects  that  are  beyond  its  reach,  and  pi°o- 
bably  too  big  for  its  capacity.  Such  attempts  have  sometimes 
caught  the  subject  m  the  true  light,  and  hence  amply  repaid  all 
former  exertions."— ZJojmWson's  Agricult.  Jliog. 

Griswold,  Alexander  Viets,  D.D.,  of  the  Episco- 
pal Church,  Bishop  of  the  Eastern  Diocese,  d.  in  Boston 
Mass.,  184.3,  aged  76.  For  particulars  connected  with  the 
career  of  this  excellent  prelate  we  refer  the  reader  to  his 
Memoirs  by  John  S.  Stone,  D.D.,  Phila.,  8vo ;  Northamp- 
ton, Svo.  1.  On  the  Reformation  and  the  Apostolic  Office 
Best.  2.  Serm.s.,  Phila.,  1830,  Svo.  3.  Prayers,  N.  York' 
4.  Remarks  on  Social  Prayer-Meetings,  Bos't.,  1858  12mo 
See  a  Memoir  by  S.  K.  Lothrop,  in  the  Chris.  Exam.,  xxxix 
248,  and  one  by  S.  W.  S.  Button,  in  the  N.  EngLinder,  iii.  22?' 

Griswold,  C.  D  The  Isthmus  of  Panama,  and 
What  I  Saw  There,  N.  York,  1852,  12mc 

Griswold,  Hiram.  Reports  of  Cases  in  Sup.  Ct  of 
Sr',?' '",  I;f!«.  t'^lumbus,  1846,  Svo.  This  is  lettered  Vol. 
XIV.  of  Ohio  Reports. 

Griswold,  Rufus  Wilmot,  D.D.,  1815-1S57  a 
native  of  Benson,  Rutland  county,  Vermont,  is  a  descend- 
ant m  the  ninth  generation  from  George  Griswold,  of  Ken- 
ilworth,  England,  and  on  the  mothers  side  is  descended 
in  the  eighth  degree  from  Thomas  Mayhew,  the  first 
Ooyernor  of  Martha's  Vineyard.  The  fubjeit  of  thfs 
notice  seems  to  have  divided  the  earlier  years  of  his  life 
between  his  duties  as  a  minister  in  the  Baptist  Church 
and  the  literary  man.-,gement  of  a  number  of  journals  in 
several  of  the  princip.al  cities  of  the  Union.  Among  the'e 
may  be  mentioned  The  New  Yorker,  The  Brother  Jona' 
than,  and  the  New  World.  In  1842-43  he  was  the  editor 
of  Graham's  Magazine;  and  from  August,  1850,  to  April 
1852  conducted  The  International  Magazine,  the  plan 
Of  which  was   projected  by  himself.     Dr.  GriWold  was 


GRI 

a  voluminous  author,  and  had  achieved  an  amount  of 
labour  at  an  early  period  of  life— for  the  productions  upon 
which  his  reputation  is  chiefly  founded  have  been  before 
the  puljlic  for  a  number  of  years— highly  creditable  to  his 
literary  industry.  In  addition  to  the  works  which  we  .are 
about  to  notice,  he  gave  to  the  world  from  time  to  time, 
without  his  name,  partly  or  entirely  written  by  himself, 
six  or  eight  ivorks  on  history  and  biography,"  a  novel, 
seven  discourses  on  historical  and  philosophical  subjects, 
and  contributions  to  magazines  and  newspapers  sufficient 
to  fill  a  dozen  octavo  volumes. 

1.  Poems,  N.  York,  1841,  12mo.  Anon.  2.  Sermons. 
1841,  12mo. 

"Ilis  acquirements  in  theology  are  very  extensive.  .  .  .  In  theo- 
logy he  IS  all  bone  and  muscle.  Ilis  sermons  are  his  Buest  compo- 
sitions.  and  he  delivers  them  from  the  pulpit  with  taste  and  elo- 
quence."—E.  P.  Wdipple. 

3.  The  Biographical  Annual  for  1842,  12mo.  An  excel- 
lent plan,  and  one  which  it  would  be  well  to  revive. 

4.  The  Curiosities  of  American  Literature.  This  was 
pub.  as  an  appendix  to  an  American  ed.  of  Disraeli's 
Curiosities  of  Literature.  5.  The  Poets  and  Poetry  of 
America,  Phila,,  1842,  Svo;  16th  ed.,  continued  to  the  pre- 
sent time,  1855.  This  work  was  a  great  advance  upon  all 
attempts  of  a  similar  character  which  had  preceded  it ;  and 

in  this  volume  and  the  two  works  which  followed  it The 

Prose  Writers  of  America  and  the  Female  Poets  of  Ame- 
rica—we had  presented  for  the  first  time  A  Survey  of  the 
Literature  of  the  United  States.  From  the  many  notices 
before  us  of  these  invaluable  volumes— to  which  the  pre- 
sent work  has  been  greatly  indebted— we  regret  that  our 
quotations  must  be  so  few  in  number  and  so  brief  in 
extent. 

From  Baron  Frederick  Von  Raumer,  of  Prussia: 
_  "It  is  performing  a  valuable  service  when  a  man  of  taste  and 
information  makes  a  suitable,  well-assorted  selection,  and  guides 
the  friend  of  Poetry  in  his  rambles  through  those  groves  from 
which  he  might  otherwise  be  deterred  bv  their  immensity  Such 
service  has  been  rendered  by  Mr.  Griswold  in  his  Poets  and  Poetrv 
of  America."  •' 

From  the  London  Examiner : 

"We  must  not  forget  to  thank  Mr.  Griswold  for  his  good  taste 
and  good  feeling.    It  would  be  difficult  to  overpraise  either," 

From  Thomas  Campbell,  author  of  The  Pleasures  of 
Hope : 

"  Mr.  Griswold's  work  is  honourable  to  the  character  and  genius 
of  the  American  jjeople."  ^ 

From  Bishop  Potter's  Hand-Book  for  Readers : 
"The  critical  and  biographical  notes  are  brief  but  discriminative 
and  elegant. 

From  the  North  American  Review,  Iviii.  1-39  Jan 
1844,  by  E.  P.  Whipple  :    • 

"Although  we  deem  .Mr.  Griswold  deserving  of  a  little  gentle 
correction  for  his  literary  beneficence,  we  are  not  insensible  to  his 
merits.  The  work  belore  us  must  have  demanded  the  labour  of 
years.  .  .We  think  therefore  that  Mr.  Griswold  has  succeeded 
as  well  in  his  task  as  the  nature  of  the  case  admitted;  that  his 
patient  research  and  general  correctness  of  taste  are  worthy  of 
piai.se;  that  his  difficulties  and  temptations  would  have  extenu- 
ated far  graver  errors  than  he  has  committed,  and  that  his  volume 
well  deserves  the  approbation  it  has  received  " 

From  Edgar  A.  Poe's  Literati : 
™!.f,^™  ^J'T  f°,°?^  '°  America  who  could  or  who  wotdd  have 
« i  h  hei„d  ™  "^  here  undertaken,  at  once  so  well  in  accordance 
oV  tb  ^.-'l  I  =^T,,'  °f  v""*  "'l'^'*''  """'  ""  '^'^'^  *°  'he  satisfaction 
^„IH  =  ^^li  ^-  "  ^''^°'''^'  ^l""  embarrassments,  the  great  diffl- 
the  scenes  "'^  achievement  are  not  easily  estimated  by  those  before 

Sixteenth  edition.  From  the  Knickerbocker  Magazine 
for  October,  1855  :  s*""" 

"We  can  ask  no  better  attestation  of  the  value  of  a  book  so  nre- 
tentious  and  expensive  as  this,  than  the  simple  word,  «>?eS 
ed.Um  upon  the  title-page.  The  successive  editions  ot' The  Ss 
and  Poetry  of  America  h.ave  all  been,  more  or  less,  improvements 
upon  their  predecessors;  but  the  present  one  is  so  mSch  and  ia 
all  cases  changed  for  the  better,  as  to  have  theappearance  of  a  new 
work  ,  .  .Printed  separately  as  a  series  of  critical  biographi'r 
Dr.  Griswold's  Lives  of  the  American  Poets  would  constHute  a 
work  of  remarkable  elegance  and  of  signal  historical  va°ue  " 

From  the  North  American  Review  for  Jan.  1856.  bv  the 
editor,  Rev.  Dr.  Peabody  :  ^ 

"In  these  sketches  we  find  reason  to  admire  the  authors  im- 
partiality and  kindness.  We  have  been  unable  to  find  a  sinV?e 
ins  ance  in  which  he  has  suffered  any  of  the  usual  grounds  oTtr^ 
judice  to  warp  his  judgment  or  to  scant  his  eulogyfanS  where  U 
has  teen  his  duty  to  refer  to  obliquities  of  tern Jer  and  conduct 
he  has  done  so  with  singular  delicacy  and  gentleness."  """' 
1852 ^""^  ^'°^^  Writers  of  America,  1846,  Svo;   4th  ed., 

From  Wm.  H.  Prescott,  author  of  Ferdinand  and  Isa- 
bella : 

„»'liVVr.'"'  r  ™P°':t'">t  and  interesting  contribution  to  our 
national  literature.  The  range  of  authors  is  very  wide;  the  bio- 
gr.  phical  notices  full  and  interesting.  I  am  surprised  that  the 
author  h.as  been  able  to  collect  so  many  particulars  in  this  wav 
The  selections  appear  to  me  to  be  made  with  discrimination,  and 


GRI 


GRO 


the  criticism  shows  a  sound  taste  and  a  correct  appreciation  of  the 
qualities  of  the  writers,  as  well  as  1  can  judge." 

From  Wm.  C.  Bryant : 

"We  are  ylad  to  pussess,  in  this  form,  portions  of  many  authors 
whose  entire  works  we  should  never  own,  and,  if  we  did,  should 
probably  never  find  time  to  read.  We  confess  our  obligations  to 
the  author  also  for  the  personal  information  concerning  them 
■which  he  has  collected  in  the  memoirs  prefixed  to  their  writings. 
These  :ire  written  in  a  manner  creditable  to  the  research,  ability, 
and  kindness  of  the  author." 

From  Literary  Criticisms,  by  Horace  Binney  Wallace  : 

*'He  has  done  a  useful  work,  and  he  has  done  it  well.  The 
book  now  beluie  us  is  more  than  respeclal'le;  it  is  executed  ably, 
and  in  many  parts  brilliantly.  In  suuie  respects  it  is  au  extra- 
ordinary worit;  such  as  few  men  in  America,  perh.ips,  besides  its 
author,  could  have  produced,  and  he  only  after  years  of  sedulous 
investigation,  and  under  many  advantages  of  circumstance  or 
accident.  He  has  long  shown  himself  to  be  of  Cicero's  mind: 
^  JUi/ii  quidan  nuUi  satis  eruditio  videntur,  qidbus  tuistra  ignota 
sunt.''  The  distiibution  of  the  various  writers  into  their  classes, 
and  the  selectiuu  of  representatives  of  each  class  or  type,  exhibit 
much  fikill.  Many  passages  present  fine  specimens  of  acute,  ori- 
ginal, and  just  criticism,  eloquently  delivered.  We  differ  from 
Mr.  Griswold  sometimes,  but  never  without  feeling  that  we  owe  it 
to  the  public  in  all  cases  to  give  a  reason  why  we  do  not  assent  to 
the  conclusions  of  EO  candid  and  discriminating  a  judge." 

From  the  Knickerbocker  Magazine  : 

"We  commend  The  Prose  Writers  of  America  to  a  wide  na- 
tional acceptance;  with  the  especial  advice  to  the  reader  not  to 
overlook  the  excellent  introductory  Essay  on  the  Intellectual 
History,  Condition,  and  Prospects  of  the  Country,  which  contains 
many  noteworthy  suggestions  and  much  valuable  iulbrmation." 

From  Henry  T.  Tuckerman's  Sketch  of  American 
Literature,  appended  to  the  Amer.  ed.  of  Shaw's  Outlines 
of  Literature  : 

"  For  the  chief  critical  and  biographical  history  of  literature  in 
the  United  ^^tates,  we  are  indebted  to  Kufus  W.Oriswold,  whose 
two  copious  and  interesting  volumes,  [Nos.  o  and  6,]  so  popular  at 
home  and  abroad,  give  an  elaborate  account  of  what  has  been  done 
by  American  writers  from  the  foundation  of  the  country  to  the 
present  hour.  These  works  are  the  fruit  of  great  research  and  an 
enthusiasm  for  native  literature  as  rare  as  it  is  patriotic." 

From  Edgar  A.  Pue's  Literati : 

"  The  best  of  the  series  [Nos.  5,  6  and  7]  is,  beyond  all  question, 
The  Prose  Authors  of  America.  This  is  a  book  of  which  any 
critic  in  the  country  might  well  be  proud,  without  refereuce  to  the 
mere  industry  and  research  manifested  in  its  compilation.  These 
are  truly  remarkable;  but  the  vigour  of  comment  and  force  of 
style  are  not  less  so;  while  more  independence  aud  seltreliance 
are  manifested  than  jo  any  other  of  the  series.  There  is  not  a 
weak  paper  in  the  book;  and  some  of  the  articles  are  able  iu  all 
respects." 

See  also  South.  Lit.  Messenger,  xiii.  209,  381 ;  South. 
Quar.  Review,  xxi.  114. 

7.  The  Female  Puets  of  America,  1848,  8vo  ;  5th  ed., 
continued  to  1856,  puV>.  Philadelphia,  1S57.  8.  The  Prose 
Works  of  John  Milton,  with  a  Critical  Memoir,  1845,  2 
vols.  Svo.  First  Amer.  ed.  9.  Washington  uud  the  Gene- 
rals of  the  American  Revolution,  1847,  -  vols.  This  work 
was  edited  and  partly  written  by  Dr.  Griswold  :  he  was 
assisted  in  it  by  W.  G.  Siinms,  E.  D.  Ingraham,  and  others. 
10.  Napoleon  and  the  Marshals  uf  the  Empire,  (iu  con- 
junction with  tbe  late  H.  B.  Wallace.)  1847,  2  vols.  11. 
Scenes  in  the  Life  of  the  Saviour,  by  the  Poets  and  Paint- 
ers, 8vo  and  12ino,  (edited.)  12.  The  Sacred  Poets  of 
England  and  America,  (edited,)  1849.  13.  The  Poets  and 
Poetry  of  England  in  the  Nineteenth  Century  j  2d  ed., 
1845,  Svo;  4th  ed.,  1854. 

From  the  American  Review,  by  E.  P.  Whipple  : 

"No  one  can  glance  at  Mr. Griswuld's  volume  without  being 
impressed  with  the  fertility  of  the  present  century  in  original 
poetry.  There  is  one  view  iu  which  the  author  of  a  work  like  the 
present  may  be  considered  fortunate.  Through  his  diligent  labours 
large  bodies  of  the  people,  who  caunot  or  will  not  read  extensively, 
are  enabled  to  obtain  an  image  of  the  imaginali\e  literature  of  a 
great  age.  And  what  a  world  of  thought  aud  feeling  does  its  con- 
templation reveal  Iu  us!' 

14.  The  Works  of  Edgar  A.  Poe  ;  Poems,  Tales  and 
Miscellanies;  with  a  Memoir  by  K.  W.  Griswold,  and 
Notices  of  his  Life  and  Genius,  by  N.  P.  Willis  and  J.  R. 
Lowell,  N.  York,  1850,  3  vols.  12mo;  1856,  1  vol.  12mo. 
It  is  considered  by  many  critics  that  Dr.  Griswold  has 
not  done  justice  to  Poe's  memory  in  this  volume. 
15.  The  Republican  Court;  or,  American  Society  in  the 
Days  of  Washington,  with  21  portraits  of  Distinguished 
Women,  engraved  from  original  pictures  by  WuHaston, 
Copley,  Gainsborough,  Stuart,  Trumbull,  Malbone,  and 
other  Contemporary  Painters,  N.  York,  1854,  4to.  New 
ed.,  enlarged,  with  additional  portraits,  issued  1856,  &c. 
In  this  sumptuously-printed  and  richly-illustrated  work, 
a  view  of  American  society  in  the  days  of  the  Father  of 
the  Republic  is  presented,  for  the  most  part  from  original 
materials,  consisting  of  private  correspondence,  Ac. 

From  the  North  American  Review,  lx.\xi.  26-50,  July, 
1855.  by  H.  T.  Tiickerman  : 
"The  Uepublicau  Court  is  the  most  beautiful  specimen  in  tliia 


department  that  has  yet  appeared,  and  has  the  peculiar  merit  of 
a  national  subject.  It  con^ists  of  a  fluent  narrative,  intended  to 
convey  an  authentic  and  picturesque  idea  of  social  life  In  thia 
country  in  the  days  of  Washington.  ...  In  the  preparation  of 
this  elegant  quarto,  the  memoirs  and  correspondence  of  the  period 
have  been  se;irched,  the  diaries  of  leading  members  of  society 
gleaned,  the  reminiscences  of  survivors  drawn  upon,  and  such 
works  as  Sullivan's  Letters  on  Public  Characters,  Duer's  Kecollec- 
tions  of  New  York,  the  autobiographies  of  French  officers  engaged 
in  the  war,  the  letters  of  Mrs.  Adams,  and  Uraydon's  Memoirs, 
carefully  examined." 

From  the  Christian  Examiner,  No.  CXC,  July,  1855,  by 
the  Rev.  Samuel  Osgood  : 

"This  elegant  volume  was  received  by  acclamation  on  its  first 
appearance.  \Ve  are  quite  certain  that  the  .sober  second  judgment 
of  the  public  will  confirm  the  first  opinion,  and  in  some  respects 
magnify  its  approbation.  .  .  .  Its  solid  literary  merits  are  )et  to 
be  fully  appreciated.  We  do  not  know  where  else  one-half  so 
much  information  respecting  our  early  American  history  cau  be 
found.  .  .  .  Dr.  (jliiswold  has  evidently  been  much  favored  iu  the 
use  of  private  family  memoiials.  and  he  h;ts  worked  up  his  mate- 
rial with  much  artistic  taste  in  the  grouping  and  great  spirit  ia 
the  narrative.  The  volume  stands  among  our  important  histori- 
cal monuments." 

From  an  interesting  account,  by  Mr.  Fletcher,  of  the 
interest  manifested  by  the  Emperor  of  Brazil  in  an  exhi- 
bition of  American  products,  collected  (in  1855)  by  the 
enterprise  of  the  former,  we  extract  some  remarks  by  his 
majesty,  not  without  interest  in  this  connexion  : 

"After  spending  a  long  time  in  the  exhibition,  he  exclaimed  to 
his  suite;  'That  which  i  find  the  most  desirable  is  the  pei'fection 
of  typography  and  binding,  (alluding  to  the  Hepuhlican  Court, 
whicii  he  held  iu  his  hand.)  the  beautiful  specimens  of  steel  en- 
gravings and  chromo-lithography,  and  the  clearness  of  the  photo- 
giaphic  portiaits.'  Now.  it  is  just  in  those  departments  that  the 
iira/ilians  had  believed  us  deficient;  tor  almost  every  thing  of  thia 
kind  comes  from  Kngland.  France,  and  Germany."' 

"  lie  was  a  plodding,  industrious,  and  careful  writer,  extremely 
well  informed  on  American  literature,  but  by  no  means  an  elegant, 
nor  even  a  correct,  though  very  ambitious,  writer.  Uewas  inclined 
to  be  nietapbysicid  and  transcendentid,  but  would  get  out  of  his 
depth  and  becume  unintelligible.  Though  he  had  no  geniua 
wliatover,  Dr.  Griswold  b;i3  done  some  service  to  literature.  lie 
will  be  remembered  by  his  compilations." — Dr.  R.  Shelton  Mac- 

KENZfE. 

The  reader  who  desires  to  learn  more  respecting  Dr. 
Griswold's  ch.aracteristics  as  an  author  is  referred  to  The 
Knickerbocker  Magazine,  xxxvi.  162,  xlvi.  398,  and  to 
Literary  Criticisms  aud  Literary  Portraits,  by  Horace  Bin- 
ney Wallace.  From  the  last-named  authority  we  make 
a  brief  extract,  which  may  appropriately  conclude  thia 
article. 

"The  literary  abilities  displayed  in  the  original  portion  of  these 
works  [see  Nos.  5,  6,  7.  and  1^1  are  entitled  to  very  high  rank,  and 
are  uudoubtedly  the  sufficient  cause  of  their  popularity  and  per- 
manence. Dr.  Griswold's  style  is  fresh,  brilliant,  delicate,  perhaps 
over-delicate,  but  never  feeble,  and  rarely  morbid.  With  unerring 
accuracy  he  always  indicates  the  strong  points  of  his  subject;  yet 
he  indicates  rather  than  seizes  them.  The  outlines  of  truth  are 
always  traced  with  nicety  and  precision ;  yet  they  are  traced  rather 
thanchauuelled.  His  coloring  is  refined,  snft,  su^rgestive;  dealing 
iu  bait-tints  or  mixed  hues  more  usuall>  tbaii  in  simple  and  con- 
trasted colors.  His  perceptions  are  keenly  intelligent,  and  full  of 
vitality  and  vividness;  but  they  are  too  mercurial,  fugitive,  and 
hasty :  they  want  fixity,  persistency,  and  prolongation,  lie  touches 
some  rich  element  of  truth  or  beauty,  but  he  dues  not  linger  upon 
it  to  develnp  and  unfulJ  its  deep  and  full  resunrces." — p.  2.'j9. 

Grocyn,  Wm.,  1442-1519,  a  native  of  Bristol,  Eng- 
land, a  man  of  great  learning,  was  educated  at  Winchester 
and  New  College,  Oxford.  In  1479  he  was  made  Rector 
of  Newton-Lungville,  Buckinghamshire,  and  in  1485  Prcb. 
of  Lincoln.  He  also  filled  the  place  of  divinity-reader  in 
Magdalen  College,  Oxford.  Being  enthusiastically  devoted 
to  the  study  of  the  Greek  language,  probably  from  the  in- 
fluence of  Vitelli,  he  visited  Italy  for  the  sake  of  perfect- 
ing his  knowledge  of  this  tongue,  and  studied  for  some 
time  under  Demetrius,  Chalcondyles,  and  Pulitiau.  Ia 
1491  he  settled  at  Exeter  College,  Oxford,  and  publicly 
taught  the  Greek  language,  advocating  a  new  pronuncia- 
tion, which  encountered  violent  opposition.  The  Uni- 
versity divided  itself  into  two  factions,  the  Greeks  and  the 
Trojans,  who,  not  content  with  philological  polemics,  and 
forgetting  that  inter  arwa  lefjca  silent,  resorted  finally  to 
open  hostilities.  Of  Grocyn's  earnest  devotion  to  Greek 
literature  we  have  ample  evidence  on  record  : 

"  Recens  tunc  ex  Italia  venerat  Grocinus  qui  primus  ea  fetate 
Graecas  literas  in  Angliam  invexerat.  Oxoniique  publicfe  professus 
fuerat  k  cnjus  sodali  Thoma  Lynacro  (Morus)  Gra?cas  literaa 
Oxonii  didicit.'' — Stapleton  :  In  lib.  cui  tit.  De  Tribus  TfiomiSyin 
Tho.  More,  cap.  l. 

'■  Grocinus,  qui  prima  Grgecae  et  Latinae  linguae  rudimenta  in 
Britannia  hausit,  mox  Bolidiorem  lisdem  operam  sub  Demetrio 
Chalcondyle  et  Politiano  prfeceptorihus  in  Italia  hausit." — LlLLt: 
Etogia  virorum  doctor uni ;  in  KnigltVs  Life  of  Voht.  p.  24. 

"Ipse  Grocinus,  cujus  exemplum  afferB,  nonne    primum  in 

Anglia  Gnecffi  linguae  rudimenta  didicit?     Post  in  Italiam  pro- 

fectus  audivit  snnnnos  viros.  sed  interim  lucro  fuit  ilLi  prius  a 

qualibuscun([ue  didicisse." — Erasmus:  Epist.  CCCLXIII. 

A  Latin  epistle  of  Grocyu'a  to  Aldus  Manutius  is  pre- 

7i5 


GRO 


GRO 


fixed  to  Linacre'a  trans,  of  Proclus  de  Sphasra,  printefl  at 
Venice,  1449,  fol. 

"There  is  nothing  extant  of  his  but  this  epistle:  indeed,  a  very 
elaborate  and  acute  one,  and  writt^nn  in  good  Latin.  .  .  .  He  was 
of  so  nit-e  a  titste  that  he  had  rather  write  nothing  than  write  ill."' 
— Ehasmus. 

Erasmus  was  the  friend,  perhaps  the  pupil,  of  Grocyn, 
and  may  therefore  be  supposed  to  have  been  well  informed; 
but  Bale,  Tanner,  and  Leland  ascribe  some  other  work.*  to 
Grocyn.  See  these  authorities;  also  Dlis.s's  Wood's  Athen. 
,Oxon.,*  Wood's  Annals;  Jortin  and  Knight's  Lives  of 
Erasmus;  Knight's  Life  of  Colet;  llallam's  Lit.  Hist,  of 
Europe. 

Groom,  John  Ilindeii.     Serm.,  1800, 

Groombridge,  Stephen.  1.  Atmospherical  Refrac- 
tion, Phil.  Trans.,  1814.  2.  Fixed  Stars,  Trans.  Soc.,  Edin., 
1815. 

Groombridge,  Wni.     Sonnets,  Lon.,  1780,  8vo. 

Groome,  John.  The  Historical  Collection,  Lon., 
1710,  Svo.  This  work  sets  forth  the  good  works,  books,  &c. 
of  the  English  cler;^y. 

Groonie,  Nicholas.  Purgatories  Knell,  Lon.,  1615, 
4to. 

Gros,  C.     French  educational  works,  Lon.,  lSll-18. 

Gros,  Charles  Henry.     Funl.  Oration,  1807.  fol, 

Gro.s,  Rev.  John  Daniel,  Prof,  of  Moral  Philos.  in 
Columbia  Coll..  N.  York,  was  a  native  of  Germany.  Natu- 
ral Principles  uf  Rectitude,  &e. :  a  Systematic  Treatise  on 
Mural  Philosophy.  1795,  Svo. 

Grose,  Robert.     See  Grosse. 

Grose,  Francis,  1731-1791,  a  native  of  Greenford, 
Middlesex,  held  a  place  in  the  Heralds'  College,  whicli  he 
resigned  in  1763.  He  was  adjutant  and  paymaster  of  the 
Surrey  militiii,  but  devoted  much  of  his  time  to  travelling 
through  England,  Scotland,  and  Wales,  sketching  views 
and  gathering  the  materials  of  the  valuable  works  which 
he  subsequently  gave  to  the  world.  1.  Autiq.  of  England 
and  Wales,  Lon.,  1773-76,  4  vols.  sup.  r.  4to.  Supp,, 
1786-87,  2  vols.  sup.  r.  4to.  The  best  ed.  A  collec.  of 
Plans  to  the  above;  33  plates,  1776,  r.  4to.  2d  ed.  of  the 
Antiq.  of  England  and  Wales,  1783,  8  vols.  imp.  Svo,  The 
eds.  in  4to  ])ub.  by  Stockdale  are  not  valued.  2.  The 
Antiq.  of  Scotland,  1780-91,  2  vids.  imp.  Svo.  Large 
paper,  sup.  r.  4to,  with  proof-plates.  3.  The  Antiq.  of 
Ireland,  1791-95,  2  vols.  imp.  Svo.  Large  paper,  sup.  r. 
4to,  wilh  proof-plates.  The  historical  and  descriptive 
parts  were  written  by  Dr.  Ledwich;  and  his  Antiq.  of 
Ireland,  best  ed.,  1804,  4to,  should  accompany  this  work. 
4.  Treatise  on  Ancient  Armour  and  Weapons,  1785-86,  4to. 
Supp.,  17S9,  4to.  This  work  is  annexed  to  the  2d  ed.  of 
the  Militarv  Antiq.  5.  Classical  Dictionary  of  the  Vulgar 
Tongue,  1785,  '88,  '96.  1811,  Svo.  New'ed.,  by  Pierce 
Egan,  182.3,  Svo.  6.  Military  Antiq.  rcsp.  a  Hist,  of  the 
English  Army  from  the  Conquest  to  the  Present  Time, 
1786-88,  4to  :  1801,  2  vols.  4to.  Best  ed.  7.  A  Provincial 
Glossary.  1787,  "90,  Svo.  With  Pegge's  Supp..  (1814,) 
1838,  Svo.  Pegge's  Supp.  contains  above  1000  additional 
words.  It  was  appended  to  Pegge's  Anecdotes  of  the 
English  Language,  1S14.  Svo;  3d  ed.,  1844.  Svo.  8.  Rules 
for  drawing  Caricatures,  1788,  '91,  1810,  Svo.  Reprinted 
in  vol.  i.  of  the  new  ed.  of  The  Antiq.  Repertory,  1807.  &c. 
9.  The  Grumbler  :  16  Ess.ays,  1701,  I2mo.  Originally  pub. 
in  The  English  Chronicle.  An  improved  ed.  was  pub.  in 
The  Olio.  10.  The  Olio,  1793,  Svo.  By  Grose  and  others. 
11.  A  Guide  to  Health,  Beauty,  Riches,  and  Honour,  1783, 
Svo  ;  1785.  12.  An  Ancient  Fortification  ;  Arehajol.,  1779. 
13.  Ancient  Spurs;  Arch;uol.,  1787.  Grose  was  one  of  the 
conductors  of  The  Antiquarian  Repertory,  1775-84,  4  vols. 
4to;  2d  ed.,  1807-09,  4  vols.  4to;  pub.  Rev.  Wm.  Darell's 
Hist,  of  Dover  Castle,  17S6,  imp.  Svo;  large  paper,  1797, 
imp.  4to  ;  and  to  him  has  been  ascribed  Geoffrey  Gambado's 
Academy  for  Grown  Horsemen,  1787,  '01,  fol.  But  this  is 
also  attributed  to  Henry  Bunbury.  Grose's  habits,  espe- 
cially iu  early  life,  were  of  too  convivial  a  character  for 
either  his  purse  or  reputation ;  and  many  a  jolly  circle  of 
"good  fellows"  eouhi  answer  promptly  in  the  affirmative 
the  query  of  Burns  the  poet, 

''  Ki?u  ye  aught  of  Captain  Grose?'' 

Noble's  sketch  of  his  figure  and  peculiarities  is  truly 
graphic.  See  European  Mag.,  1791;  Gent.  Mag.,  1791 ; 
Chalmers's  BiDg.  Diet. 

Grose,  John.  1.  Ethics,  Lon.,  1782,  Svo.  2.  Oceas. 
Serms.,  1782-97.     3.  Semis.,  6  vols.,  1800-16. 

tirose,  John  Henry.  Voyage  to  the  E.  Indies, 
17511-64,  Lon..  1766,  Svo;  1772,  2  vols.  Svo.  In  French, 
Paris.  1758,  12tno. 

Grose,  Sir  IVash,  d.  1814,  aged  74.  Substance  of  a 
Charge  to  the  Grand  Jury,  &g.,  Lon.,  1796,  Svo. 

746 


Gross,  Baron.  Duties  of  an  Officer  in  the  Field, 
Lon.,  1801,  Svo. 

Gross,  Samuel  D.,  M.D.,  b.  near  Easton,  Penna.,  8th 
July,  1805,  Prof,  of  Surgery  in  the  Jefferson  Medical  Col- 
lege, Phila.,  and  formerly  in  the  University  of  Louisville, 
Ky.  1.  General  Anatomy,  Phila.,  1828,  Svo.  2.  Anat. 
and  Diseases  of  the  Bones  and  Joints,  1830.  3.  Operative 
Surgery,  1829.  4.  Obstetrics.  5.  Woundsof  the  Intestines, 
6.  Patholog.  Anatomy.  7.  Foreign  Bodies  in  the  Air- 
Passages,  1850,  Svo. 

*'  It  is  a  complete  summary  of  the  whole  subject,  and  will  be  a 
useful  book  of  reference.'* — Brit,  and  For.  Med.-Chir.  Rev. 

8.  Diseases  of  the  Urinary  Bladder,  kc.  1851-56,  Svo. 
"A  work  worthy  of  his  high  reputation."— >Fes(.  Jour,  of  Med. 

and  Surg. 

9,  Results  of  Surgical  Operations  in  Malignant  Diseases, 

1853,  Svo.  10.  Discourse  on  the  Life,  Character,  and  Ser- 
vices of  Daniel  Drake,  M.D.,  1853,  Svo.  11.  Report  on 
the  Causes  which  Retard  the  Progress  of  American  Medical 
Literature,  1856,  Svo.  12.  North  American  Medieo-Chir. 
Review,  edited  by  himself  and  Dr.  T.  G.  Richardson.  13. 
A  System  of  Surgery,  now  in  course  of  preparation.  Prof. 
Gross  has  been  for  some  time  engaged  on  an  American 
Medical  Biography,  which  we  doubt  not  will  prove  a  most 
acceptable  addition  to  the  professional  and  general  libraiy. 

In  June,  1856,  he  accepted  the  appointment  of  Professor 
of  the  Institutes  and  Practice  of  Surgery  in  the  Jefferson 
Medical  College  of  Phila.,  where  he  now  resides. 

Grosse,  or  Gross,  Alexander,  d.  1654,  Vicar  of 
Ashburton.     Theolog.  treatises,  Lon.,  1632-63. 

Grosse,  Robert.  Royalty  and  Loyalty,  Lon.,  1647, 
4to. 

Grosse,  Robert  le.     See  Le  Giiosse. 

Grosse,  Wm.    Medical  treatises,  Lon.,  170S,  both  Svo. 

Grosseteste,  Grostete,  or  Grosthead,  Robert, 
1175  ?-1253,  a  native  of  Stradbrooke,  Suffolk,  was  educated 
at  Oxford  and  Paris;  Archdeacon  of  Leicester,  1222; 
Bishop  of  Lincoln,  1234.  His  name  has  no  less  than 
twelve  different  modes  of  spelling.  He  was  a  man  of  great 
learning,  and  an  undaunted  opposer  of  the  usurpations  of 
the  See  of  Rome.  For  an  account  of  his  life  and  works — 
theological,  philosophical,  poetical,  .fee. — we  refer  to  S. 
Pegge's  biography  of  him,  1793,  4to ;  to  Milner's  Church 
Hist. ;  and  to  Archaiol.,  vol.  xiii.  Pegge's  list  of  his  works 
occupies  25  pp.  4to ;  but  few  of  them  have  been  pub. 
Among  these  are  Opuscula  Varia;  Compendium  Spha?ra 
Mundi;  Commentarius  in  Lib.  poster.  Aristotelis;  Dis- 
courses ;  Letters. 

''By  a  knowledge  of  Greek,  when  we  find  it  asserted  of  some 
mediieval  tbeologi.in  like  Grostete,  we  are  not  to  understand  an 
aniuaiutance  with  the  great  classical  authors,  who  were  latent  in 
eastern  monasteries,  but  the  power  of  readiug  some  petty  treatise 
of  the  fathers,  or,  as  iu  this  instance,  [GrostSte's  trans,  of  the  Tes- 
tameut  of  the  Twelve  Patriarchs  from  Greek  into  Latin,]  an  apo- 
cryphal legend,  or  at  best,  perhaps,  some  of  the  latter  eommentatois 
on  Aristotle.  Grostete  was  a  man  of  consideiable  merit,  but  has 
had  his  share  of  applause." — llallam's  Lit.  Hist,  of  Europn. 

Grosvenor,  Lord.     Leaves  from  my  Journal,  Lon., 

1854.  12mo. 

Grosvenor,  or  Grovenor,  Benjamin,  D.D.,  1675- 
1758,  a  native  of  London,  pastor  of  an  Independent  con- 
gregation, and  one  of  the  Lecturers  at  Salter's  Hall,  Lon- 
don, pub.  a  number  of  occasional  serms.,  and  some  theolog. 
treatises,  of  which  The  Mourner,  and  The  Essay  on  Health, 
are  the  best-known.  Serms.,  now  first  collected,  with 
Memoir  by  J.  Davies,  and  Pref.  by  Dr.  Bogue,  1S08,  Svo, 

*'A  most  popular  preacher;  in  whose  compositions  there  is  a 
strantre  mixtui'e  of  familiar  and  pathetic;  many  strong  figures  of 
speech,  especially  the  prosopopwia  and  dialogism,  beyond  any  other 
writer  of  his  ai;;e." — Dr.  Dodfiridge. 

"His  language  is  always  pure,  his  sentences  well  formed,  and 
his  ideas  embellished  with  the  most  appropriate  decorations." — 
Wilson's  Disseiders. 

The  vol.  of  Eastcheap  Lectures,  new  ed.,  ISIO,  2  vols. 
12mo,  contains  24  serras.  by  Grosvenor,  Bradford,  Earle, 
Harris,  Newman,  and  Reynolds. 

'■  To  recommend  such  a  work  it  is  only  necessary  to  state  its 
subjects,  [on  Siu^nn;r.  Prayer,  Hearing  and  Reading  the  Scrip- 
tures,] and  to  name  tin-  distinguished  preachers  by  whom  they 
were  discussed.  In<'itiMiients.  cautions,  illustrations,  improve- 
ments, are  all  judifiously  blended.  .  .  .  The  excelleuce  of  the 
volumes  speaks  their  own  praise,  and  secures  their  reputation. 
Thev  cannot  fail  to  prove  an  acceptable  present  to  the  reUgious 
worid."— Kev.  W.  B.  Collter,  D.D. 

Grosvenor,  Conntess  H.,  now  Marchioness  of 
Westminster.  Yacht  Voyage  iu  the  Mediterranean,  Lon., 
1S42,  2  vols.  p.  Svo. 

*■  It  is  simply  i  sensible,  healthy,  and  well-written  work,  utterly 
free  from  all  affeetatiuns,  and  especially  from  that  which  ap-?s 
humility,  and  betraviug  the  woman  of  rank  chicHy  in  the  total 
abfsenceof  all  attempt  to  display  it."— AIiSS  Zliouir:  Ladi/  Travel 
lers,  Lon.  Quar.  Hev.,  Ixxvi.  1^8-137. 


GKO 

Grote,  <;oor£je,  M.P.,  the  historian  of  Greece,  b. 
1704.  af  Clay  Hull,  near  Beikenliam,  Kent,  England,  is  a 
EOii  of  Mr.  (irote,  of  the  well-known  hanking-liouse  esta- 
blished by  Mr.  George  Prescott,  and  the  griiudfather  of 
the  subject  of  this  notice.  Mr.  Grote  was  for  some  time  a 
clerk  in  the  banking-house,  and  at  a  later  period  of  life 
divided  jis  attention  between  literature  and  politics,  but 
for  some  time  past  has  devoted  bis  hours  exclusively  to  the 
former.  In  addition  to  the  great  work  by  which  he  is  best 
known  and  will  be  honoured  to  the  latest  period  of  time, 
he  is  the  autliorof  a  pamphlet  (pub.  anonymously  in  1S21) 
in  reply  to  Sir  James  Mackintosh's  Essay  on  Parliamentary 
Reform,  in  the  Edinburgh  Review;  a  work  on  the  Essen- 
tials of  Parliamentary  Reform;  an  article  on  Mitford,  in 
the  Westminster  Review,  and  one  on  Niebuhr's  Heroic 
Legends  of  Greece,  in  the  London  and  Westminster  Re- 
view. The  name  of  Niebuhr  appropriately  introduces  the 
expression  of  his  warm  interest  in  Mr.  Grote's  Uistory  of 
Greece,  which  was  commenced  1823: 

''Endeavour  to  beL-onie  acquainted  with  Mr.  Grote,  who  is  en- 
gaged on  aGi-cek  History ;  he.  too,  will  receive  you  well  if  you  take 
him  my  regards.  If  you  become  better  aciiuainted  with  him,  it  is 
worth  your  while  to  oljtaiu  the  proofslnets  nf  bis  work,  in  order 
to  translate  it.  I  expect  a  great  deal  Inmi  tlli^  pioduction.  and  I 
will  get  you  a  publisher  here:'— iS'id'uhr,  tlu-  Jlisiorkin,  to  rro/cssor 
Liebtr,  in  1S27. 

The  publication  of  the  vols,  of  Mr.  Grote's  History  was 
as  follows:— V(ds.  L,  IL,  1S46:  IIL,  IV..  1847;  V.,  VI., 
1849;  Vri.,  VIII..  186(1;  IX.,  X.,  1852;  XL, 1853;  XII., 
1855.  Of  Vol.  XII.,  1200  copies  were  sold  in  one  week. 
2d  ed.  of  Vols.  I.,  IL.  IIL,  and  IV.,  1S49;  3d  ed.,  185L 
2d  ed.  of  Vols.  V.  and  VI.,  ISol.  In  commendation  of 
this  truly  great  production,  critics  who  seldom  agree  are 
glad  to  unite  their  suffrages.  The  London  Quarterly  de- 
clares that  the  author  has 

'•lucontestably  won  for  himself  the  title  not  merely  of  a  histo- 
rian, but  of  tlte  historian,  of  Greece.'" — xcix.  0S4. 

The  Edinburgh  Review  assures  us  that 

"  lie  will  be  remembered  not  only  as  the  first  who  has  seriously 
undertaken  a  pliilosophical  history  of  Greece,  but  as  one  who  will 
have  made  Kreat  steps  towards  accomplishing;  it." — Ixxxiv.  345. — 
JVotice  of  vols.  i.  and  ii.  The  succeeding  volumes  are  noticed  in 
the  same  laudatory  terms. 

The  Athenoeum  styles  the  history 

"  A  ^-reat  literary  undertaking,  equally  notable  whether  we  re- 
gard it  as  an  accession  of  standard  value  in  our  l:in^;uai;e,  or  as  an 
honourable  monument  of  what  KngUsh  scholarship  can  do." 

The  Spectator  remarks  that 

"His  famili:uity  with  the  K'eat  hitrhways  and  the  obscure  by- 
paths of  Greci;in  litriiitmi-  ami  aiiti^uity  lias  seldom  been  eijualled, 
and  not  often  :i})i>rM;i,-luii  tn,  in  unlearned  England;  while  those 
Germans  who  ha\e  rivalled  it  have  seldom  possessed  the  quality 
■which  eminently  characterizes  Mr.  Grote,  of  keepiug  historical 
imagination  severely  under  the  restraints  of  evidence." 

The  Examiner  is  not  less  enthusiastic  in  the  expression 
of  its  admiration  : 

'•If  there  existed  any  doubt  of  Mr.  Grote's  qualifications  for  this 
weighty  undertaking, "it  was,  whether  he  would  bring  to  it  the 
amount  of  imajiinative  feeling  necessary  to  sustain  and  inform 
his  SL-holarslnp.  We  confess  that  tbese  volumes  are  a  surprise  to 
us  in  that  respect.  The  acute  intelli.rence.  the  discipline,  fiiculty 
of  intellect,  and  the  excellent  erudition,  every  oue  would  look  for 
from  JMr.  Grote;  but  they  will  here  also  tind  the  element  which 
barniMiii/.is  these,  and  wilhout  which,  on  such  a  theme,  an  orderly 
and  solid  w.irk  couM  not  have  been  written.  I'oetry  aud  Philo- 
Bopby  ;iltenil  the  historian  on  either  hand,  and  do  not  impede  or 
mis'^'uide  his  steps." 

The  eulogy  of  the  distinguished  historian  of  modern 
Europe  is  no  insignificant  reward  for  even  such  protracted 
and  laborious  researches  as  have  tested  the  patience,  the 
learning,  and  the  fidelity  of  the  historian  of  Greece: 

'•A  decided  libeial,  perhaps  even  a  republican,  in  politics,  Mr. 
Grote  has  bihoured  to  counteract  the  intluence  of  Mitford  in  Gre- 
cian history,  and  construct  a  history  of  Gieece  from  authentic 
materials,  which  should  illustrate  the  animating  influence  of 
democratic  freedom  upon  the  exertions  of  the  human  mind.  In 
the  prosecution  of  this  attempt  he  has  displayed  an  extent  of 
learning,  a  variety  of  research,  a  power  of  comtdnation,  which  are 
worthy  of  the  very  highest  praise,  anrt  have  secured  for  him  a 
lasting  place  among  the  historians  of  modern  Europe." — Sir 
Archibald  Alison  :  Hist,  of  Euro])efrom  the  Fall  of  Napoleon,  in 
1815.  to  the  Accession  of  Louis  Napoleon,  in  1852. 

We  could  easily  multiply  commendations,  but  must  be 
content  to  refer  tho  reader  to  the  articles — which  no  histo- 
rical student  should  neglect — on  Mr.  Grote's  History,  in  the 
Westminster  Rev.,  xlvi.  381 ;  Blackwood's  Mag.,  Ixii.  129 ; 
Duhl.  Univ.  Mag.,  xxviii.  201 ;  xxxv.  753;  Eclectic  Rev., 
4th  S.,  XX.  257 ;  xxii.  289  ;  Christian  Rev.,  xvi.  481 ;  Chris- 
tian Exam.,  xlviii.  292  ;  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  Ixxviii.  150.  See 
also  The  London  Quarterly,  vols.  Ixxxvi.  and  Ixxxviii.  ; 
Edin.  Rev.,  vols.  Ixxxiv.,  xci.,  and  xciv. 

Grove,  lion.  Mrs.  C.  Calendar  of  Nature;  or.  The 
Seasons  of  Euglaud,  edited  with  Pref.  by  Lord  John  Rus- 


GRU 

sell:  24  large  plates,  containing  several  hundred  col'd 
figures  of  Birds,  Fruits,  &c.,  Lon.,  Pts.  1  to  4,  fob,  1849-50. 

Grove,  Edward.     Serm.,  1702,  4to. 

Grove,  Henry,  16S3-17:iS,  a  Dissenting  divine,  a  na- 
tive of  Taunton,  Sumersetshire,  was  one  of  the  Masters  of 
the  academy  at  Taunton,  where  he  had  been  educated,  and 
preached  to  two  congregations  in  the  neighbuurhoud.  Ho 
was  the  author  of  Nos.  5S1,  601,  626,  and  635,  of  The  Spec- 
tator. He  pub.  a  number  of  discourses  and  theolog.  trea- 
tises, among  which  those  on  Prayer,  the  Lord's  Supper, 
Faith,  a  Future  State,  the  Soul's  Immortality,  and  Chri.si's 
Resurrection,  are  best  known.  The  collective  edits,  of  his 
works  comprise  12  vols.,  viz.:  1.  Serms.  and  Tracts,  being 
his  Posthumous  Works,  3d  ed.,  Lon.,  1745,  4  vols.  Svo. 
2.  Serms.,  being  two  addit.  vols,  of  tho  Posth.  Works,  1742, 
2  vols.  Svo.  3.  Works,  containing  all  tho  Serms.,  Dis- 
courses, and  Tracts  pub.  in  his  lifetime,  1747,  4  vols.  Svo. 
4.  A  System  of  Moral  Philosophy,  edited  by  Dr.  T.  Amury, 
with  a  Memoir  of  his  Life  aud  Writings,  2d  ed.,  1749,  2 

vols.  Svo. 

"  Itesembles  Watts,  but  more  nervous.  His  sermons  are  written 
with  an  elet'ance  of  diction  rarely  to  be  met  with.  He  has  many 
judicious  and  new  thoughts,  disposed  in  a  method  quite  peculiar, 
aud  expressed  with  force  and  elet^ance.  Kvery  paragraph  ho  wrote 
is  worthy  of  attentive  perusal."— Dr.  Doddridge. 

"This  eminent  Noucouformist  was  one  of  the  most  beautiful 
writers  of  his  age.  He  excels  in  elegant  diction  and  sweetness 
of  temper."— ZJr.  E.  Williams's  C.  P. 

"  If  every  trace  that  e'er  the  good  adorn'd, 
If  every  si-ience  that  the  wisest  learn'd, 
Could  merit  thy  regard  aud  ask  thy  love, 
iSehnld  them  join'd.  and  weep  them  lost  in  Grove.'* 
See  Biog.  Brit.;  Life  by  Amury,  prefixed  to  his  Posth. 
Works;     Drake's  Biog.  aud   Crit.  Essays,   Illust.  of   the 
Taller,  Spectator,  aud  Guardian,  iii.  200-215. 

Grove,  Joseph,  an  attorney  of  Richmond,  England, 
d.  1764,  wrote  The  Life  and  Times  of  Cardinal  AVolsey, 
Lon.,  1742-44.  4  vols.  Svo;  The  Lives  of  the  Earls  and 
Dukes  of  Devonshire,  descended  from  Sir  Wm.  Cavendish, 
1704,  Svo;  and  some  political  and  other  works. 

Grove,  Matthew.  The  Most  Famous  and  Tragicall 
Historic  of  Pelops  and  Hippodamia,  Jtc,  Lou.,  1587,  4to. 
A  poetical  work. 

'•  I  nevei-  saw.  or  heard  of,  another  copy  of  this  book :  neither 
is  it  mentioned  by  Ames  or  Herbert." — jM'.  note  in  ajly-lmfof  a 
cop;/  of  this  hook  b;/  Ritson. 

Another  copy  has  since  been  found,  and  was — perhaps 
still  is — in  the  library  collected  by  the  Marquis  of  Staflurd. 
A  copy  marked,  in  the  Bibl.  Anglo-Poet.,  315,  £30,  was 
resold  at  Saunders's  in  1S18  for  £25  4s.  See  Bibl.  Anglo- 
Poet.,pp.  133,  134. 

Grove,  Robert,  d.  1696,  Bishop  of  Chichester,  1691, 
pub.  seven  tracts  against  Romanism,  1676-89,  and  two 
Serms.,  1690,  '95.  One  of  his  tracts  will  be  found  in  vol. 
i.  of  Collection  of  Cases,  &c.,  3d  ed..  1718,  3  vols.  Svo,  and 
two  in  Gibson's  Preservative,  iv.  96,  vi.  1. 

Grove,  W.  R.     The  Correlation  of  Physical  Forces, 
Lon.,  lS4('t.  '51.  '55.  Svo. 
Groveiior,  Benjamin.    See  Grosvenor. 
Grover,  II.  M,,  Rector  of  Ilitcham,  Bucks.  Theolog., 
dramat..  and  other  works,  Lon.,  1S2S-47. 

Groves,  Rev.  John.  1.  A  Greek  and  Eng.  Lexicon, 
3d  ed.,  Glasg.,  1S29,  Svo;  7th  ed.,  Lon..  1839;  10th  ed., 
1849;  nth  ed.,  1853.  All  the  inflections  in  the  N.  Test., 
and  many  of  the  more  difficult  ones  that  occur  in  other 
Greek  writings,  will  be  found  in  this  work.  2.  Rudiments 
of  the  Greek  Gram.,  1845,  12mo. 

Groves,  \V.  Revelations,  &c. ;  also  Hebrew,  German, 
and  Eng.  Gram,  and  Lexicon,  Lon.,  1S38,  12mo. 

Groves,  Webber,  b.  1697,  d.  in  America,  1793. 
Treat,  on  the  Commercial  Intercourse  between  G.  Brit,  and 
America. 

Gruchy,  Martin.     Serm.,  1728,  Svo. 
Griieber,  Rev.  C.  S,   Holy  Baptism,  Lon.,  1S50,  Svo. 
Gruggen,  F.J.     On  Oaths,  Camb.,  1845,  Svo. 
Grand,  Francis  J.,  a  native  of  Germany,  for  many 
years   a  resident  of  the   U.  States  of  America.      1.  The 
Americans  in  their  Moral,  Social,  and  Political  Relations, 
Lon.,  1S37,  2  vols.  Svo;  Bost.,  1837,  1  vol.  12mo. 

"In  approat-hing  the  consideration  of  its  merits,  we  are  struck 
with  the  siugidar  correctness,  force,  and  often  eloquence,  of  the 
style  in  which  it  is  written.  The  style  would  do  high  credit  to 
any  native,  and  to  the  manner  born ;  in  a  foreigner  it  seems  won- 
derful. .  .  .  The  idiom  of  our  language,  which  is  often  so  suhtle, 
and  eludes  the  grasp  of  the  severest  study,  Mr.  Grund  uses  with 
great  and  almost  unfailing  accuracy.  An  English  critic  has  said 
that  he  has  scarcely  ever  offended  in  this  particular,  except  when 
he  attempts  poetical  versions  from  Schiller  or  Goethe.  ...  To  a 
forei'^ner  who  is  interested  in  the  country  Mr.  Grund's  work  will 
be  of  great  value,  from  the  amount  of  iutbrmatiou  which  it  con- 
veys. No  other  work,  within  our  knowledge,  presents  a  view  so 
complete  of  our  resources  in  every  department  of  life.  .  .  .  Mr 

747 


GRU 

f-fS^a'^.h  '^"'•""Sh  democrat.   He  upholds  the  can.«  of  the  manv 
Sr  ,^        f      r  ?"''  ^"^^^  "yo'-y  opportunity  (o  enforce  the  ini 
portance  of  rehfious  .lud  politkal  lieedom.     The  latter  he  Ml 
mates  as  the  two  most  prominent  moral  causes  which  „,nm,ti 

And  see  a  review  of  this  work  by  S.  Oilman  in  The 
Christian  Examiner,  xxiv.  2tf6,  and  another  in  the  Eclectic 
Kev.,  4th  S.,  11.  61. 

2.  Aristocracy  in  America.  (From  the  Skelch-Book  of  a 
?^^To  Nobleman.)  Edited  by  Francis  Grnnd,  Lon., 
Ibiy,  2  vols.  Svo. 

_  '■  We  assume  this  work  to  be  written  by  Mr.  Qrund,  though  he 
IS  professedly  only  the  editor.  He  has  given  two  whole  volumes 
ofsketches  of  manners;  hut  the  v.T.st  majority  are  caricatures,  with- 
out pomt.  hint,  or  even  vraisemblance."— ion.  Jthen.,  1S39  947 

Sec  also  The  Museum,  (Phila..)  xxxvii.  .^49-354. 

Grundy,  John.  Serms.,  1S08,  '10,  '12,  all  8vo.  See 
Dr.  E.  Williams's  Christian  Preacher. 

Gruner,  Louis.  1.  Decorations  of  the  garden  Pavil- 
ion at  Buckingham  Palace,  Lon.,  lS4fi,  sm.  f'ol.,  15  |ilates. 
£1  lis.  6d.;  col'd,  £j  be.  2.  The  Mosaics  of  the  Cupohi 
in  Cajjella  Chigiana  at  Rome,  1S50,  fob,  £1  1I«.  Cid.  3. 
Specimens  of  Ornamental  Art,  1S50,  fob,  87  plates,  £12 
I2«.  4.  Fresco  Decorations  and  Stuccoes  in  Italy,  1854 
imp.  fob,  56  plates.  ' 

.   Vi!:'"\^*'",',''  t'"meston,  or  Giiniston,  EUza- 

ico,     ,.  '^I'^f. ','■,""'■■'•    Meditations.    Memoratiues.    Lou., 
lbU4,  4to.      Bibl.  Anglo-Poet,  304,  £6  6b.     Another  ed 
fliae  anno,  IJmo. 

•■The  poetiyoftbis  rare  work  is  indifferent  enough,  but  it  con- 
tains some  judicious  maxims."— )ru«'(!  Bibl  Bnl 

Fr^r''"''''^'^.-^-*^"?'*''*'  ^^"''     Hawking,  Hunting, 
Fouling  and  Fishing,  Lon.,  1596,  4to. 

Gubbins,  Martin  R.  Mutinies  in  Oudh.  Lon.,1858  Svo 

Gude,  R.     Prac.  fr.  Side  Ct.  K.  Bench,  1828,  2  vols' 

Guernsey,  Miss  Lucy  Ellen.    1.  Alice  and  Bessie: 

2.  Irish  Amy     3.  Comfort  Allison.    4.  Kitty  Maynard.    5 

Jenny  and  the  Insects.     6.  Upward  and  Onward.     7.  The 

Orphan  N  leces.     8.  The  Naughty  Kitten 

Guest,  Lady  Charlotte,  a  native  of  "n^ales    has 

gamed  great  reputation  by  the  publication  of  The  Mabino- 

wX'b   r  """  ^^^^'  '^l'^  "  ""-g"-^'  >">''  "'her  Ancient 
Welsh  Manuscripts,  with  English  Translation  and  Notes, 

Ico;-  LSveVrW.Sefs™'  ''''-'''  ^"-'  ^""g""'" 

the^^SH?  C.!„f  I"'''"'"-  ,  °i"-  "^  ^"S"^'!  Rhythms,  from 
the  Sth  Lent,  downwards,  Lon.,  1S38,  2  vols   Svo 

Guidot,  or  Guidott,  Thomas,  M.D..  pub.  a  num- 
irro i-r  n",?™  ""^  "''•"^  "f  ^''"'.  Islington,  ie., 
;^!fl  w'l  ^"''"'^^""iof  Treatises  concerning  the  City 
and  Waters  of  Bath,  1725,  Svo. 

Guild,  Reuben  A.,  Librarian  of  Brown  University, 
P  ovidence.  K.I    b.  1822,  in  West  Dedham.  Mass.,  grad 

on  r7,1-?"'-J'^*^-     ^^^  ^^"''"^^'^  Manual:  A  Treatise 
on  Bibliography,  comprising  a  Select  and  Descriptive  List 

o  P.  c*'t?  '"'  lu'^'''  """^''^  ^'■<'  'I'l'led  .Sketches 
o  Public  Libraries,  Illustrated  with  Engravings,  N.  York, 
Charles  B.  Norton,  Agent  for  Libraries"  MDCCCLVIII 
r^cter  '  tL  p'-  ,?'^'^""f""y  Pri>^*^d  in  Old  English  cha! 
racter  The  F.rst  Part  consists  of  a  descriptive  list  of  495 
separate  works,  comprising  19157  volumes  of  such  biblio- 
graphical works  as  are  considered  to  be  of  the  first  import- 
ance for  a   ibrary  apparatus.     The  Second  Part  con  ains 

in  Europe  arid  America.  We  recommend  Mr.  Guild's  volume 
to  all  who  take  an  interest—and  every  lover  of  books  should 
Tressly  tTCaTs!'"         '"P""'"'  ^''J^'^'  °f  "hich  it  ex- 
Guild,  Wm.,  D.D.,  1586-1657,  a  native  of  Aberdeen 
edncated    at    Maiischal    Coll.,    became    minister   of    the 
parish  of  King  Edward,  and  in  1631  one  of  the  ministers 
of  Aberdeen;  Principal  of  King's  Coll.,  Aberdeen   1640 
deposed  for  his  attachment  to  the  royal  cause    I65i      He 
was  a  man  of  learning,  ability,  and  great  benevoknce  of 
character      In  addition  to  the  following  works   he  nub  1 
number  of  tracts  against  popery,  and  u^on  other  suWects 
1.  The  Harmony  of  all  the  Prophets  cine.  Christ's  Com 
ing,  Ac,  Lon.,  1619,  Svo  ;  1658, 12mo     ■>  Mose,  II„,..-r^' 
or  The   Types  of  Christ  in  Mo^es  e.vplled    le"'     -o'' 
ma?  r"';:;':"''-    ""^^  '"■•  ""^  ^'"^  Ha';mony,'ic:'kdi^!; 
bUlbu"'"^'"^''^^'  '■'"■  "=  ""P""  »'«'  Juaiciousnes5."-0™e's 


GUM 

3.  Explic.  of  Book  of  Revelations,  Aberd.,  1656  16mo 

"  Very  spiiilual."— Z(ic/.rrsW/i  ,  J"mo. 

,  t.^^P''''-  "''  'If  Song  of  Solomon,  Lon.,  165S,  Svo. 
5  -The  Tlirone  of  David  ;  or,  an  Expos,  of  the  2d  Book 
of  Samuel,  Oxf  1659,  4lo.  Posth.  pub.  by  Dr.  John 
Owen.     See   Life  of  Dr.  Guild,  by   Dr.  Shirreffs-    2d  ed 

Ur.  «illwm  Cuild  possessed  not  only  the  talents  of  i  m.n 

2  %*^l"."'""'"'''    <^'*='''««-      His  Memoirs,    Lon.,  1761, 
Guilford.     See  Nonrn. 

Guilhermin,  Mary.  Letters,  Lon.,  1766,  Svo. 
GuUlim,  John,  1565?-1621,  Rouge-Croi.v  Pur.uiv- 
ant  of  Arms,  1617-21,  was  the  publisher  of  John  of 
Barchatn  s  Display  of  Heraldry,  best  cd.,  (the  6tb,)  Lon, 
1724  fob,  and  has  already  been  noticed  in  our  life  of 
Baicham  (,uillim  made  some  additions  to  Barcbam's 
MS  ;  but  the  latter  is  entitled  to  the  reputation  whrch 
buiHim  has  acquired.  A  collation  of  the  Display  of  Her- 
aldry will  be  found  in  Lowndes's  Bibl  Man 

Guiseard  or  Guichard  de  Beaulieu,  lemn  Ste- 
n,is;7r  'he  author  of  a  poem  entitled  '  The  Sermon  of 
Guiseard  de  Beaulieu.  of  which  MSS.  are  in  the  British 
tl  rrr  7.'l  "j?  ^■•'"""'eque  RoyaU  at  Paris.  F  om 
the  latter  M.S,M.  Achille  Jubinal  pub.  the  poem  (pour  l" 
premiere  fois)  in  1834,  Paris,  Svo  ^^ 

Guise,  Samuel.     Serm.,  1724,  Svo 

Guise,  iSaiiuiel.  Catalogue  of  a  Collection  of  MSS 
collected  in  Hmdostan,  Lon.,  ISOO,  4to 

Guise,  Wm.,  1653-1684,  a  learned  English  divine 

rans.  into  English,  and  illustrated  with  a  ?ommenTa?y' 

Dr.  Bernard  s   Misnte    pars  ordinis   primi  Teraim  Titul 

Sep  em    1690   4to,  and  a  tr.act.  De  Viitimis  humanis,  Svo 

and  had  partly  prepared  an  edit,  of  Abulfeda's  Geography' 

cnifeStTo°f°iis.'!!fs;.°iri;.;;f,,;rr'  ~''  -''^^ 

\  ir  longe  eruditissimus."— T.  S.mith. 
See  Athen.  Oxon. ;    Chalmers's  Biog.  Diet. 
Guisy,  J.     Learning  French.  Lon.,  1801   I'mo 
Gull,  Wm.  W.,  M.D.,  and  Balv,  Wm'.,  il  D     Re 

ports  on  Epidemic  Choler.a,  Lon.,  1854.  Svo 
.1,"/"  '^'^'"fc'  'es'-e  of  these  Reports,  we  can  conscientiously  sav 
that  we  do  not  think  the  College  of  Physicians  couTd  have  made 
a  more  fortunate  selection  than  the  two  gentlemen  to  wTose 
ahours  we  owe  so  much  valuable  instruction.  We  believe  that 
tbeir  Uork  will  be  in  future  years  constantly  referred  to  and 
when  so  referred  to  we  are  confident  it  will  always  be  with  nle-^ 
sure  and  profit."-Bn(.  and  R,r.  iled-Odr.  liev  ^  **" 

Dr.  Baly  pub.,  in  conjunction  with   Dr.  W.  S  Kirkes 
Advances  in  Physiology  of  Motion,  1848    Svo 

Gullet,   Chris.      On    Eleter,  as   a   preservative   of 
plants  from  insects  and  flics,  Phil.  Trans    177'> 

Gullifer,  Joseph  Wm.     Philos.  of'Medlcine,  1S09, 


Gulliver,  Lemuel.     See  Swift,  Jonathan  D  D 
T  *•"'!.•';.«''"' I-emuel,  Jun.  Modern  Gulliver's  Travels. 
J-iOn.,  1  ( yb,  I2mo.  ' 

Gully,  James  M.,  M.D.  1.  Neuropathy  and  Ner- 
vousness, 2d  ed  Lon.,  1841,  Svo.  2.  Simple  Treatment 
of  Disease,  1842,  12mo.  3.  Water-Cure  in  Chronic  Dis- 
eases, 184  ,  p.  Svo;  3d  ed.,  1849,  12mo;  4th  ed.,  1851,  12mo 

Ur.  tiully  s  book  is  evidently  written  bv  a  Well-educ-ited  ine.li' 
cal  m.an.  This  work  is  by  far  the  most  scientilic  that  we  hive  seen 
on  hydropathy."— £on.  Athenmim.  "ai  we  uai  e  seen 

Gully,  Robert,  and  Capt.  Dcnham.    Journals  of 
a  baptivity  in  China  m  1S42,  Lon.,  1843  Svo 
h^W'T  '■io'Ple.unHdorned  Narratives,  with 'the  Letters  written 
by  the  deceased  .Mr.  Gully  during  his  captivity,  are  well  worthvof 
periisal.  depicting,  as  they  do  vividly,  thecurious  iucidens  arising 

?h";d''ln''f'"'"",'.''°*i"''"°«  ""^  '■"iteration  orthe  reader  Sf 
the  detail  of  cruelty  and  murder  inflicted  by  the  cowardly  ofBcials 
of  this  semi-barbarous  people."— ion.  ri»i«.  '  oracials 

Gulson,  Theodore.     See  GotLsro.v. 

Gulston,  Ant.     See  Glisson,  Wm. 

Gulstou,  Edward.  Earthquake:  Phil.  Tr.ans    1763 

Gumble,     Thomas,    D.D.,    chaplain    to    General 

?„"n"  5fi7i  r  I'"V'«™'='-''1  Mouck,  Duke  of  Albemarle, 
Lon.,  1671,  Svo.     In  French.  1672,  12mo 

history'whf  f  "  "f^'Y","^  of  the  Tory  or  Royalist  mode  of  writing 
the  R-  7  r  P:,""]'"'  during  the  period  immediafelv  foUowinf 
179.,  r      '    "°  '•  ^'^'"'J'-  -S"'-.  iiii-  265-297;    xiv.  163? 

Gumbleden,  John.     Serm.,  1628,  4to. 
mJ^"?"'*^*''  •'•     ^'''^'  *''■  "f  E'""-  '"  Ireland,  Dull., 

Gummere,  John,  1784-1845,  a   native  of  Willow 


GUM 

Grove,  Penn.,  for  more  than  forty  years  an  esteemed  and 
succesflul  teacher  of  youth,  discharged  the  duties  of  tui- 
tion   successively    at    Horsham.    Rancocus,   West  Town, 
Burlington,  and  Haverford.      Upon  his  retirement  from 
the  Friends'  Coll.  at  Haverford,  he  resumed  his  Boarding- 
School  at  Burlington,  (previously  conducted  by  him  from 
ISU  to  1833,)  in  connection  with  his  eldest  son,  Samuel 
J.  Gummere,  "  who  is  his  worthy  successor,  both  in  scien- 
tific   attainments    and   in    the    happy  art  of    imparting 
instruction."     His  celebrated  treatise  on  Surveying  was 
first  pub.  in  1S14,  has  run  through  14  edits.,  and  is  now 
stereotyped.     Of  his  Elementary  Treatise  on  Theoretical 
and  Practical  Astronomy,  the   1st  ed.  was  pub.  in  1822, 
and  the  last  (the  6th)  in   ISo-t.     The  excellence  of  this 
work  elicited  the  warm  commendations  of  l)r.  Bowditeh, 
Prof.  Bache,  and  other  competent  judges.     An  interesting 
biographical  sketch,  entitled  Memorials  of  the  Life  and 
Char.acter   of  John  Gummere,  was   privately  printed  by 
Wm.  J.  AUinson,  of  Burlington.     It  is  a  well-merited  tri- 
bute to  the  learning  and  virtues  of  a  ripe  scholar  and  an 
excellent  man.     James  I.,  when  in  the  plenitude  of  his 
glory  as  the  m.aster  of  three  kingdoms,  acknowledged  that 
he    never    even    then    saw    his    stern    old    schoolmaster, 
Buchanan,  without  an  emotion  of  fear.     It  may  be  truly 
gaid — wo  speak  from  our  own  experience — that  the  former 
disciples  of  John  Gummere  never  in  after-life  approached 
their  old    master  without    sentiments    of    affection    and 
esteem. 

Gummere,  Samuel  R.,  brother  of  the  preceding, 

b.   in   1789,  at  Willow  Grove,   Penn.,  was   from  1821   to 

1837  the  head  of  a  popular  boarding-school  for  girls,  at 

Burlington,  N.  Jersey.     He  is  the  author  of  a  Treatise  on 

Geography,  which  was  first  pub.  in  1817,  and  has  passed 

through  six  or  eight  edits. ;  and  he  revised  the  Progressive 

Spelling-Book  in  1831.     Compendium  of  Elocution  1857. 

Gunhill,  D.  D.     Serm.,  1661,  4to. 

Gunn,  Alexander,  D.D.,  d.  1829,  minister  of  the 

Reformed   Dutch    Church   at    Bloomingdale,   New  York. 

Memoirs  of  Rev.  John  H.  Livingston,  D.I).,  N.  York,  1829. 

Gunn,  Mrs.  Anne,  late  Miss  Youug.  1.  The  Mother 

and  Daughter;  a  Tale,  1803,  2  vols.     2.  An  Introduction 

to  Music,  1803.  8vo. 

Gunn,  J.  C.  Domestic  Medicine,  New  York,  1851, 
8vo;  many  editions. 

Gunn,  John.  Hist.  Inquiry  respecting  the  Perform- 
ance of  the  Harp  in  the  Highlands  of  Scotland,  Lon., 
1807,  4to.  Prepared  for  the  Highland  Society.  Other 
works. 

Gunn,  Rev.  W.  M.  1.  Religion  in  Connexion  with 
a  National  System  of  Instruction,  Lon.,  1840,  12mo. 

"Mr. Gunu's  book  is  one  that  deserves  and  will  receive  much 
attention."— C/i.  "/  Eng.  Quar.  Sen. 

2.  Rudiments  of  the  Latin  Language,  1848,  ISmo. 
Gunn,  Rev.  Wm.  1.  Historia  Britonum  of  Nennius, 
with  an  Eng.  version  and  notes,  Lon.,  1819,  8vo. 

'•  Many  ditf  use  and  unnecessary  notes.'' —  }Vrig?U's  Biog.  Brit. 
Lit. 

See  Nesxics. 

2.  Gothic  Architecture,  1819,  Svo. 
*'  Displaying  very  considerable  erudition." — Lowndes's  Bihl.Man. 

3.  Cartonensia;  Hist,  of  the  Tapestries  in  the  Vatican. 
Gunn,  Wm.  A.,    Curate    of    St.  Mary.    Woolnoth, 

London.  Scrms.  and  Letters,  with  a  Memoir  by  J.  Saun- 
ders, Lon.,  1807,  '12,  Svo.  Mr.  G.  was  curate  to  the  Rev. 
John  Newton. 

"  He  was  '  a  burning  and  a  shining  light.*  Wonderful  was  his 
eloquence.  Serious,  zealous,  impassioned,  he  communicated  his 
own  agitation  to  the  souls  of  others.'" — O.VESlMUS. 

Gunning,  Mrs.,  wife  of  General  Gunning,  d.  1800, 
pub.  several  novels,  a  poem,  Ac,  Lon.,  1791-1803. 
Gunning,  Miss.     See  Plunkett,  Mr,s. 
Gunning,  Fred.     Law  of  Tolls,  Lon.,  1833,  Svo. 
Gunning,    H.      Reminiscences   of    the    Town    and 
County  of  Cambridge,  Lon.,  1854,  2  vols.  Svo;    2d  ed., 
same  year,  2  vols.  p.  Svo. 

Gunning,  Peter,  D.D.,  1613-1684,  a  native  of  Hoo, 
in  Kent,  educated  at.  Fellow  and  Tutor  of,  Clare  Hall, 
Camb.,  deprived  for  refusing  to  take  the  Covenant;  re- 
stored, 1660 ;  Preb.  of  Canterbury  :  Master  successively 
of  Corpus  Christ!  and  St.  John's  Coll..  Camb. ;  and  Regius 
and  Lady  Margaret  Prof,  of  Divinity ;  Bishop  of  Chi- 
chester, 1670;  trans,  to  Ely,  1674.  1.  A  Contention  for 
Truth,  Lon.,  1658,  4to.  2.  Schism  Unmasked,  Ac.,  Paris, 
1658,  Svo.  3.  The  Paschal  or  Lent  Fast  Apostolical  and 
Perpetual;  a  Serm.  on  Luke  v.  35-38,  Lon.,  1662,  4to. 
New  ed.,  Oxf.,  1845,  Svo,  in  Lib.  of  Anglo-Cath.  Theol. 

"  He  was  a  man  of  great  reading,  and  noted  for  a  special  subtilty 
of  arguing;." — Bistu/p  Burnet's  Own  Times. 


GDR 

"  He  was  admired  by  great  scholars,  as  well  abroad  as  at  homo, 
for  bis  profound  divinity;  was  noted  much  also  in  England  for  his 
diffusive  ch.irity." — Alhen.  Oj-fm. 

See  these  authorities;  also  Masters's  Hist,  of  C.  C.  C.  C. ; 
Bentham's  Hist,  of  Ely ;  Walker's  Sulferings  of  the  Clergy, 
Pt.  2,  142;  Cahimy;  Salmon's  Lives  of  the  Bishops;  Lon. 
Gent.  Mag.,  Ixiii.  15. 

Gunning,  Richard.     Sinall-Pox,  Lon.,  1804,  12mo. 

Gunnison.  Capt.  J.  W.,  d.  1S53,  U.S.  Corps  Topo- 
graphical Engineers.  Hist,  of  the  Mormons  of  Utah :  their 
Domestic  Polity  and  Theology,  Phila.,  1S52,  12mo.  This 
valuable  Report  was  pub.  by  order  of  the  U.S.  Congress. 

Gunter,  Rev.  Edmund,  1581-1626,  an  eminent 
mathematician,  the  inventor  of  the  famous  Rule  of  Pro- 
portion, or  Line  of  Numbers,  which  has  made  his  name  a 
synonym  for  accuracy,  was  a  native  of  Hereford,  and  edu- 
cated at  Christ  Church,  Oxford.  In  1619  he  was  elected 
Prof,  of  Astronomy  at  Gresham  Coll.,  London.  He  was  the 
author  of  several  mathemat.  treatises, — Canon  Triangulo- 
ruin,  The  Sector  and  Cross  St.aff,  ic.,— of  which  collective 
edits,  have  been  several  times  pub.  Works,  5th  and  best 
ed.,  corrected,  Ac.  by  Will.  Leybourne,  1673,  4to.  Some 
copies  bear  the  date  of  1680,  and  are  called  6th  ed.  See 
Biog.  Brit.;  Hutton's  Diet;  Ward's  Gresham  Professors. 

Gunter,  Peter.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1615,  4to. 

Gunton,  Symon.     1.  God's  House,  Lon.,  1657,  Svo. 

2.  Hist,  of  the  Church  of  Pet.erburgh,  pub.  by  Symon 
Patrick,  D.D.,  1686,  fol.  Epitome  of  do.,  11th  ed.,  Peterb., 
1807,  Svo. 

Guppy,  Mrs.  Dialogues  for  Children,  ISOO,  2  vols. 
12mo. 

Guppy,  R.     Municipal  Corp.  Act,  Lon.,  1835,  12mo. 

Gurdon,  Brampton.  1.16  Serms.  at  Boyle's  Lect, 
Lon.,  1721,  '22,  '32,  Svo;  1739,  fol.     2.  Serm.,  1723,  4to. 

3.  Prophecy,  1728,  Svo. 
Gurdon,  Philip.     Christian  Character,  1778,  12mo. 
Gurdon,  Thornhagh.      Hist,  of  the   High   Ct.  of 

Parliament,  Lon.,  1731,  2  vols.  Svo. 

Gurdon,  >V.  Statutes  rel.  to  Game,  Lon.,  1839, 12mo. 
Gurnall,  Wm.,  1617-1679,  educated  at  Emanuel  Coll., 
Camb.;  minister  at  Lavenham  for  35  years;  appointed 
Rector  in  1644;  and  episeopally  ordained  at  the  Restora- 
tion. A  man  of  great  excellence  of  character.  1.  Serm., 
1660,  4to.  2.  The  Christi.an  in  Complete  Armour,  1656- 
58-62.  3  vols.  4to.     New  ed.,  1844,  Svo. 

'■Full  of  allusions  to  scriptural  facts  and  figures  of  speech, 

generally  well  supported;  sanctified  wit.  holy  fire,  deep  experience, 

and  most  animated  pnictical  applicutiuns." — Dr.  E.  MVIiams's  C.  P. 

"  Spiritual  and  evangelical,  with  much  Christian  experience." — 

Bicl^ershlh's  C.  S. 

3.  Funl.  Serm.,  1672,  Svo. 

Gurnay,  Rev.  Edmund.  1.  Vindic.  of  the  2d  Com- 
mand., Camb.,  1039,  Svo.  2.  Appendix  to  do.,  Lon.,  1660, 
12mo. 

Gurney,  Rev.  Archer.  1.  Love's  Legend,  Ac; 
Poems,  Lon.,  1845,  fp.  Svo.  2.  K.  Charles  the  First;  a 
Dram.  Poem,  1847,  '52,  fp.  Svo.  3.  Poems,  1853,  p.  Svo. 
4.  The  Transcendentalists.  1853,  p.  Svo.  5.  Songs  of  the 
Present,  1854,  12mo.  6.  Iphigenia  at  Delphi,  1855,  Svo. 
Gurney,  Arthur.  Providence  and  Free  Will,  1581. 
Gurney,  Auber.  Faust;  Part  Second;  from  the  Ger- 
man of  Goethe,  Lon.,  1843,  p.  Svo. 

"Executed  with  much  taste  and  great  ability."— -iJeWi'n.  Mag. 
for  Foreign  Lit.,  April  '28,  1843. 

•'In  one  word,  this  English  version  is  more  agreeable,  more  flow- 
ing, more  fi  esh,  more  clear,  than  mauy  of  the  enigmatical  passages 
of  the  original." — Leip^c  Literary  Gazettr,  June  6  and  7,  1813. 

Gurney,  Daniel.  Supplement  to  the  Record  of  the 
House  of  Gournay.  Lon.,  1S58.  Privately  printed. 
Gurney,  Rev.  Edmund.  See  Girnav. 
Gurney,  Hudson,  M.P.  1.  The  Golden  Ass  of  Apu- 
leius;  in  English  verse,  entitled  Cupid  and  Psyche,  Lon., 
1799,  4to  and  Svo;  3d  ed.,  1801.  An  excellent  trans.  2. 
Baveux  Tapestry,  1S17,  4to. 

Gurney,  Rev.  John  Hampden.  1.  Three  Serms., 
Lon.,  1845,  fp.  Svo.  2.  Historical  Sketches,  1400-1546, 
1852,  12mo;  2d  ed.,  1858.  3.  Second  Series,  1855,  fp.  Svo. 
4.  The  Grand  Romish  F.alLacy,  1854,  fp.  Svo.  5.  Grave 
Thoughts,  Ac,  1855.  6.  Serms.,  1856.  7.  Serms.,  1857.  8. 
Four  Serms.,  1857.  9.  Historical  Sketches,  3d  Ser..  185S. 
Gurney,  Joseph,  and  Gurney,  William  Brodie, 
short-hand  writers.  Joseph  pub.  Brachygraphy,  Lon..  1751, 
12nio;  15th  ed.,  improved  Ijy  Thomas  Gurney,  1825,  12nio. 
Gurney,  Joseph  John,  1788-1847,  an  eminent  phi- 
lanthropist, and  a  distinguished  minister  of  the  Society  of 
Friends,  was  a  native  of  Earlham,  near  Norwich,  where 
the  family  have  possessed  great  influence  for  the  last  two 
centuries.  Mr.  Gurney  was  the  brother  of  the  excellent 
Elizabeth  Fry,  and  a  zealous  co-labourer  with  her  in  many 


GUR 


GUT 


enterprises  of  Christian  benevolence.  After  passing  through 
a  course  of  preparat(»ry  study,  the  subject  of  this  notice 
resided  for  some  time  at  Oxfttrd,  under  the  charge  of  a 
private  tutor,  and  attended  the  lectures  of  the  University 
without  becoming  a  member  and  without  subscribing  to  the 
Thirty-Nine  Articles.  Upon  the  completion  of  his  education 
Mr.  Guruey  became  a  member  of  the  eminent  banking- 
house  estahlished  by  his  father,  and  henceforth  devoted 
much  of  his  time  to  secular  business,  but  was  also  actively 
engaged  in  many  philanthropic  researches,  and  in  the 
zealous  dischjirge  of  his  duties  as  a  minister  (recognised 
in  ISIS)  of  the  religious  society  to  which  he  was  attached. 
In  addition  to  missionary  tours  among  the  prisons  of  Scot- 
land, England,  and  Ireland,  Jlr.  Gurney  paid  three  visits 
to  the  Continent  in  1841-43,  and  passed  three  years  (1S37- 
40)  in  travelling  in  America.  For  the  particulars  connected 
with  the  life  of  this  truly  excellent  man,  we  refer  the  reader 
to  his  Memoirs,  by  J.  B.  Braithwaite,  Norwich,  1854,  2 
vols.  Svo;  Phila.,  1854,  2  vols.  Svo;  3d  ed.,  1855,  2  vols. 
Svo.  See  also  his  Memoirs,  by  J.  Alexander,  Lon.,  1S47, 
12  mo;  London  Christian  Observerfor  February  and  March, 
1847;  Lou.  Gent.  Mag.  for  March,  1S47;  Memorial  of  J.  J. 
Gurney,  a  Poem,  by  B.  Barton,  1S47,  4to ;  An  Examina- 
tion of  the  Memoirs  and  Writings  of  J.  J.  Guruey,  by  Wm. 
Uodgson,  Jr.,  Phila.,  1856. 

Mr.  Gurney  was  the  author  of  numerous  works  which 
gained  him  a  highly  respectable  rank  in  the  Republic  of 
Letters,  of  which  the  following  are  the  principal : — 1.  Notes 
on  Prisons  and  Prison  Discipline,  Lon.,  1819,  12mo.  Re- 
viewed by  Rev.  Sydney  Smith,  in  Edin.  Rev.,  xxxv.  286- 
302.  2.  Letter  to  a  Friend  on  Christianity,  3d  ed.,  1824, 
12mo.  3.  Ohservations  on  the  Religious  Peculiarities  of 
tho  Society  of  Friends,  1824,  12mo  and  Svo.  It  passed 
thi'ough  seven  eds.  in  the  lifetime  of  the  author. 

"  The  best  defence  of  the  Quakers;  it  was  ably  met  in  the  British 
Review." — Bicl-ersteth''s  C.  S. 

4.  Essays  on  the  Evidences,  Doctrines,  and  Practical 
Operations  of  Christianity,  1827,  Svo.  Trans,  into  Ger- 
man and  Spanish. 

"  A  very  valuable  summary  and  defence  of  evangelical  views." — 
Sickersteth's  C.  S. 

"  Mr.  J.  J.  Uurney,  if  he  had  been  a  clergyman  instead  of  a 
Quaker,  would  have  deserved  a  bisbopric  for  bis  book  upon  the 
Evidences  of  Christianity." — Zion.  Qnor.  linv. 

5.  Biblical  Notes  to  confirm  the  Deity  of  Christ,  1830,  Svo. 
"An  able,  solid,  and  profitable  critical  illustration  of  texts  on 

the  subject."' — Biclcersteth's  C  S. 

6.  Brief  Remarks  on  the  History,  Authority,  and  Use 
of  the  Sabbath,  1831,  ISmo. 

"  Like  every  thing  which  proceeds  from  this  author's  pen.  it  dis- 
plays solid  erudition  and  acute  reasoning,  unitt^d  to  true  simplicity 
of  mind  and  fervent  piety." — Lawitdes^s  Brit.  Lib. 

7.  Portable  Evid.  of  Chris'y,  2d  ed.,  1832,  ISmo.  New 
ed.,  1841,  ISmo.  8.  Four  Lects.  on  the  Evid.  of  Chris'y, 
1834,  ISmo.  9.  Treatise  on  tho  Habitual  Exercise  of  Love 
to  God  considered  as  a  Preparative  for  Heaven.  ISmo  and 
Svo  :  7th  ed.,  1S4S,  ISmo.  10.  Letter  to  a  Clerical  Friend 
on  the  Accordance  of  Geological  Discovery  with  Natural 
and  Revealed  Religion,  1835,  12mo. 

"TVe  greatly  mistake  if  this  tract,  from  the  pen  of  our  excellent 
friend.  Mr.  Gurney.  will  not  be  found  eminently  serviceable  to  the 
interests  of  revealed  religion.'' — Lmi.  Evangel.  Mng. 

11.  Sabbatical  Verses,  1837,  Svo. 

'•  We  do  not  consider  that  he  was  a  poet  of  a  very  high  order ; 
but  we  might  select  fi-om  that  volume,  and  from  others  of  his 
verses,  some  etfusions  which  evince  taste  and  fueling,  attuning 
devout  ideas  to  the  voice  of  melody." — Lon.  C/iristian  Obsei-ver. 

12.  Familiar  Sketch  of  Wm.  Wilberforce,  1840,  ISmo, 
13.  A  Winter  in  the  West  Indies,  described  in  Familiar 
Letters  to  Henry  Clay,  of  Kentucky,  1840,  Svo;  4th  ed., 
1841,  18mo.  14.  Terms,  of  Union  in  the  Bible  Society. 
15.  Puseyisra  traced  to  its  Root,  2d  ed.,  1845,  Svo.  \Q. 
Thoughts  on  Habit  and  Discipline,  12mo  and  Svo;  2d  ed., 
1844,  12rao;  6th  ed.,  1852,  12mo. 

"  Its  tone  is  decidedly  religious,  but  itsmethod  is  philosophical, 
while  its  style  is  popular." — Lfin.  Athenaeum. 

Mr.  Gurney  also  pub.  Treatises  on  the  Right  Applica- 
tion of  Knowledge,  and  on  other  subjects.  His  Minor 
Works  have  been  pub.  by  Gilpin,  of  London,  in  2  vols.  Svo. 

Mr.  Gurney  was  thrice  married:  first,  to  Jane  Birbcck, 
■who  died  in  1822  ;  secondly,  to  Mary  Fowler,  who  died  in 
1836;  and,  thirdly,  to  Eliza  P.  Kirkbride,  who  survives 
him.  As  a  Christian,  a  philanthropist,  and  a  man  of  ex- 
tensive and  accurate  learning,  Mr.  Gurney  was  amply 
entitled  to  the  extraordinary  respect  and  veneration  which 
was  accorded  to  him  by  men  of  all  ranks  of  life  and  all 
classes  of  opinion. 

Guruey,  Richard,  Jr.     Fables,  Lon.,  1809,  12mo. 

Gurney,  Thomas.     System  of  Short-Hand,  Lon., 
1843,  fp.  Svo. 
750 


Gurney,  W.  B.  System  of  Short-Hand,  16th  ed., 
Lon..  1S43,  12ino. 

Guruey,  >Vm,     1.  Serm.,  1808.     2.  Serra.,  180S. 

Gurney,  Rev.  Wm.  Pocket-Dictionary  of  the  Holy 
TJible,  L-.n.,  1820,  ISmoj  1834,  24mo.  From  Calmet, 
Bi^own,  and  others. 

Gurwood,  Colonel  John,  R.N.,  C.B.,  and  Deputy- 
Lieut,  of  the  Tower  of  London,  d.  1845,  entered  the  army 
in  1808,  and  served  under  the  Duke  of  Wellington  in  the 
Peninsula  and  at  AVaterloo.  He  filled  the  post  of  private 
secretary  to  the  Duke,  and  was  therefore  well  calculated 
for  the  laborious  duty  of  editing  his  De.>;patches  and 
Orders,  which  he  performed  in  a  highly  creditable  manner. 
The  mental  toil  and  anxiety  involved  in  this  undertaking 
perhaps  proved  indirectly  the  cause  of  the  colonel's  death 
he  committed  suicide  in  a  fit  of  insanity  produced  "by 
relaxation  of  his  nervous  system,  in  consequence  of  his 
great  work,  '  The  Weliington  Despatches,'  being  con- 
cluded."— Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  Feb.lS46  ;  where  will  be  found 
an  interesting  biography  of  this  distinguished  soldier. 
The  Despatches  of  the  Duke  of  Wellington,  1799-1818, — 
which  may  be  entitled  a  history  of  British  military  opera- 
tions for  that  period, — were  pub.  in  13  vols.  Svo,  including 
the  Index,  1835-38.  New  ed.,  8  vols.  r.  Svo,  1843-48;  also 
in  1853,  S  vols.  Svo.  Selections  from,  1842,  r.  Svo;  also 
in  1850,  r.  Svo.  To  the  Despatches  must  be  added  The 
General  Orders  of  the  Duke,  1809-18, — also  compiled  by 
Colonel  Gurwood; — 1837,  8vo. 

''Colonel  Gurwood  tikes  occasion,  but  much  too  seldom,  to  in- 
troduce short  notes  of  his  own,  in  order  to  eludidate  circumstances 
which  the  text  of  the  letters  does  not  explain.  We  greatly  wish 
that  he  had  been  less  diffident  on  this  score.  .  .  .  The  5uke"s  high- 
spirit.'d  and  able  Editor." — Kouert  Socthey  :  Lon.  Quar.  Itcv» 
Iviii.  82-107. 

"The  most  authentic  and  valuable  of  biographical  productions. 
It  is  analogous  to  Sparks's  Life  and  Writings  of  ^Vashington."— • 
Chancellor  Kent. 

Colonel  Gurwood  also  arranged  The  Duke's  Speeches 
in  Parliament,  pub.  in  1853,  2  vols.  Svo.  For  a  notice  of 
The  Despatches  and  Orders,  and  estimates  of  the  literary 
character  of  the  author,  see  Wellington,  Arthur.  \fEi4'' 

LESLEY,   Dl'KE  OF. 

Gutch,  J.  W.  G.  Literary  and  Scientific  Register, 
Lon.,  32mo.     Pub.  annually,  1842-56. 

Gutch,  John,  d.  1831,  aged  ^Q,  Registrar  of  the 
Univ.  of  Oxford.  Rector  of  St.  Clement's,  and  Chaplain 
of  All-Souls'  College.  1.  Collectanea  Curiosa;  or,  Miscell. 
Tracts  reL  to  the  Hist,  and  Antiq.  of  Eng.  and  Ireland, 
the  Univ.  of  Oxford  and  Camb.,  <t'c.,  chiefly  from  the  MSS. 
of  Archbp.  Bancroft,  Oxf.,  1781,  2  vols.  Svo.  2.  Hist,  and 
Antiq.  of  the  Univ.  of  Oxford;  now  first  pub.  in  English, 
from  the  original  MSS.  of  Ant.  Wood,  with  a  Continuation 
by  the  Editor,  1786,  4to.  3.  Fasti  Oxonienses,  by  Wood; 
with  a  Continuation,  Ac.  by  the  Editor,  1790,  4to.  4.  The 
Antiq.  and  Annals  of  tha  Univ.  of  Oxford,  from  the  MS. 
of  AVood,  1792-94-96,  3  vols.  4to,  See  Wood,  Anthony. 
A  biography  of  Mr.  Gutch  will  be  found  in  Lon,  Gent. 
Mag.,  Sept.  1831. 

Gutch,  John  Mathew,  ed.  of  Farley's  Journal,  d, 
ISoS.     A  Lytell  Geste  of  Robin  Hode,  1847,  2  vols.  Svo. 

'■  These  handsome  volumes,  both  in  richness  nf  matter  and  cor- 
rectness of  text,  exceed  the  precious  labours  of  even  Ititsou  him- 
self."— ton.  Gent.  Mag. 

*■  If  any  one  wants  to  know  bold  Robin  Hood  as  he  was,  let  him 
straightway  possess  himself  of  those  two  deliL'htful  volumes  for 
which  we  are  indebted  to  Mr.  Gutch.  We  have  hire  uot  only  tbe 
consecutive  series  of  ballads  known  as  The  Lytell  (.Jeste  of  Itobin 
llode,  but  every  ballad,  tale,  and  song,  relating  to  the  famous 
outlaw;  and  the  whole  are  beJiutifuUy  )llustrat**d.  Mr.Gutch 
thoroughly  understands  the  duty  of  au  editor,  and  has  applied 
himself  heart  and  soul  to  the  t^isk  ;  in  consequence,  he  has  given 
us  by  far  the  best  collection  of  English  ballads  which  for  years 
has  issued  from  the  press." — Black-wood's  Mag. 

The  graphic  lines  of  the  poet  will  occur  to  many  of  our 
readers : 

''lu  this  our  spacious  Isle,  I  think  there  is  not  one 
But  he  of  Kobiu  Hood  hath  heard,  and  Little  John, 
And  to  the  end  of  time  the  tales  shall  ne'er  be  done, 
Of  Scarlock,  George  k  Green  and  Much  the  -Miller's  Son, 
Of  Tuck  the  merry  Friar,  which  many  a  Sermon  made 
In  praise  of  Robiu  Hood,  his  outlaws,  and  their  trade." 

Dravton. 

Gutch,  Rev.  Robert.    A  Discourse,  Lon.,  1803,  Svo. 

t»uthi"ie,  G.  J.,  an  eminent  surgeon,  has  pub.  a  num- 
ber uf  professional  treatises  of  high  reputation,  1815-53. 

Guthrie,  or  Guthry,  Henry,  d.  1670?  Bishop  of 
Dunkeld,  1064.  Memoirs,  tonp.  Charles  I.,  Lon.,  1702, 
Svo;   2d  ed.,  Glasg.,  1747,  l2nio. 

Guthrie,  James.  Considerations  rel.  to  the  Dangers 
to  Religion  and  the  Reform..  Edin..  1660,  12mo. 

Guthrie,  James.     Sorm.,  1732,  Svo;  1738,  12rao. 

Guthrie,  John.     Laws  of  England,  Lou.,  1843,  Svo, 


GUT 

Gnthrie,  Mrs.  Maria,  wife  of  Dr.  Jfatthew  Guthrie, 
and  Acting  Directress  of  the  Imperial  Convent  for  tlie 
education  of  the  Female  Nobility  of  Russia.  A  Tour  in 
1795-96  through  the  Taurica  or  Crimea,  Lon.,  1802,  4to. 
"  This  work  contains  a  lovely  description  of  the  various  tribes 
that  inhaliit  the  Crimea;  tbe'ir  manners,  institutions,  natural 
history,  and  remarks  on  the  migrations  of  the  Asiatic  tribes.  That 
part  of  the  work  which  relates  to  antiquities  was  written  by  her 
husband.  Dr.  tiutbrie.'' — Sfevenson^s  Toyag^.s  and  Travels. 

Guthrie,  Matthew,  M.D.,  husband  of  the  preceding, 
d.  at  St.  Petersburgh  in  1807.  Dissert,  surles  Antiquities 
de  Russie,  ic.  Petersb.,  1795,  8vo.  He  eon.  papers  to 
Phil.  Trans.,  1778,  '79;  Trans.  Edia.  Soc,  1790;  Nichol. 
Jour.,  1798. 

Guthrie,  Thomas,  D.D.,  h.  ISon,  mini.-^ter  of  Free 
St.  John'.s,  Edinluirgh,  was  Ijorn  at  Brechin,  Forfarshire, 
Scotland.     1.  A  Sufficient  Maintenance  and  an  Efficient 
Ministry;  a  Serm..  with  Notes,  Edin.,  1852,  Svo. 
*'  We  earnestly  recommend  this  discourse." — Baptist  Mag. 
2.  The  Gospel  in  Ezekiel,  1855,  12mo;  20th  thousand. 
"The   most  eloquent  of  the  present   range  of  Free  Church 
preachers." 

•'In  the  excellent  work  before  us.  these  lights  of  the  glorious 
Gospel,  as  revealed  tn  an  ancient  prophet,  are  collected,  arranged, 
and  iUustrat<>d,  by  the  hand  of  a  master."— CA  i-ts.  Qlisrrrer. 

Dr.  Guthrie  has  also  pub.  A  Plea  in  behalf  of  Drunkards 
against  Drunkenness,  and  edited  a  new  ed.  (Edin.,  1856, 
fp.  Svo)  of  Berridge's  Christian  World  Unmasked.  He 
was  one  of  the  four  leading  men — the  other  three  being 
Drs.  Chalmers,  Cunningham,  and  Candlish — connected 
with  the  disruption  of  the  Established  Church  of  Scotland 
and  the  institution  of  the  Free  Church  of  that  country. 
To  him  also  humanity  is  indebted  for  the  establishment 
of  the  Edinburgh  original  Ragged  or  Industrial  School, 
which  has  been  productive  of  vast  benefit  to  the  poorer 
classes. 

Guthrie,  Wni.,  1620-1665,  minister  of  the  parish 
church  of  Finwick,  1641-64.  The  Christian's  Great 
Interest.  New  ed.,  Lon.,  1705  ;  Glasg.,  1755,  Svo.  With 
Memoirs  of  the  Author,  Ac,  Edin.,  1797,  12mo;  4th  ed., 
with  Introdue.  Ijy  T.  Chalmers,  D.D.,  Glasg.,  1844,  12mo; 
7th  ed.,  1S50,  12mo.  Tr.ans.  into  French,  High  and  Low 
Dutch,  and  (at  the  expense,  it  is  said,  of  the  Hon.  Robert 
Eoylej  into  one  of  the  Eastern  languages. 

Dr.  John  Owen  called  this  book  his  Vade-Mecum,  and 
added, 

'■  I  have  wrote  several  folios,  hut  there  is  more  divinity  in  it 
than  them  all." 

"  An  e.-ccellent  work."— i3idcrs(rt7/'s  C.  S. 
A  sermon  of  Guthrie's  on   Sympathy,  and  Memoirs  of 
his  Life  by  Rev.  Wm.  Dunlop,  will  be  found  in  the  Select 
Biographies  edited  for  the  Woodrow  Society  by  Rev.  W. 
K.  Tweedie,  Edin.,  1845-47,  2  vols.  Svo. 

Guthrie,  Wm.,  1708-1770,  a  native  of  Brechin,  a 
Bchoolmaster  in  Aberdeen,  and  subsequently  an  author  in 
London,  pub.  a  number  of  works  and  trans,  from  Cicero 
and  Quintilian.  1.  Hist,  of  England  to  1688,  Lon.,  1744- 
51,  3  vols,  fob     Reprinted  in  1771. 

"  A  Tory  history  of  England,  by  no  means  destitute  of  merit." 
'■Now  [1824]  rarely  consulted. ' — Jjihdin's  Lib.  Cutiip. 
Ralph's  Hist,  of  England  may  be  read  as  a  continuation 
of  Guthrie's.  2.  Hist,  of  the  English  Peerage,  1763,  4to. 
3.  General  Hist,  of  the  World,  1764-67,  12  vols.  Svo.  4. 
A  General  Hist,  of  Scotl.and  to  1746,  1767,  10  vols.  Svo. 
5.  New  System  of  Modern  Geography,  or  a  Geog.,  Hist., 
and  Commercial  Grammar,  ic,  1770,  Svo.  Many  edits. ; 
last,  by  Davenport,  1843,  ISmo;  last  ed.  of  the  Atlas, 
1840,  8vo.  It  is  asserted  that  the  bookseller,  and  not 
Guthrie,  was  really  the  compiler  of  this  popular  work.  6. 
Chronological  Taijle,  1744,  Svo.  Guthrie  was  a  contri- 
butor to  the  Gentleman's  Magazine  and  to  the  Critical 
Review,  and  the  author  of  many  political  p.imphlets,  Ac. 
pub.  without  his  name.  See  Lysons's  Environs,  vol.  iii. ; 
Nichols's  Lit.  Anecdotes  ;  BosweU's  Life  of  Johnson ; 
Disraeli's    Calamities  of  Authors. 

"  Sir,  he  [Guthrie]  is  a  man  of  parts.  He  has  no  great  regular 
fund  of  knowledge,  but  by  reading  so  long  and  writing  so  long  he 
has  no  doubt  picked  up  a  good  deal." — Dr.  Johnson  to  Hoswell. 

Guthrie,  Wm.,  ALD.,  of  St.  Petersburgh.  Con.  to 
Med.  Cm.,  1777,  '94,  '95. 

Guthry,  Henry.  See  Guthrie. 
Gutzlatt,  Itev.  Charles,  D.D.,  1803-1851,  a  native 
of  Pyritz,  Pomerania,  a  missionary  in  Java,  Singapore, 
Siam,  and  China,  from  1826  until  his  death  at  Canton, 
was  the  author  of  many  works — theolog.,  historical,  philo- 
logical, legal,  critical^  ic. — in  Dutch,  Latin,  Siamese, 
Cochin-Chinese,  and  English.  An  interesting  account  of 
his  life  and  labours  will  be  found  in  the  London  Gent. 
Mag.  for  Dec.  1851.  See  also  The  International  Mag., 
(N.  York,)  vol.  i.  317-318;  iv.  707.     Three  or  four  of  Dr. 


GWI 

G.'s  works  are  well  known  to  the  English  reader,  viz.: 
1.  Chinese  History,  Lon.,  1834,  2  vols.  Svo. 

"We  cordially  recommend  this  exceedingly  interesting  account 
of  this  very  interesting  country."— ir«i.  Keview. 

"An  authentic  and  interesting  picture  of  China."— CsjxCELLOB 
Kent. 

2.  China  Opened;  ed.  by  Rev.  A.  Reed,  1838,  2  vols. 


p.  Svo. 

"A  superficial,  yet,  on  the  wbole.  pretty  good,  sketch  of  China 
and  it«  inhabitants."- JfcC««oc^'s  Lit.  nf  Polit.  Emn. 

"  By  far  the  most  interesting,  complete,  and  valuable  account 
of  the  Chinese  Empire  that  has  yet  been  published."— ioii.  San. 

3.  A  Journal  of  Three  Voyages  along  the  Coast  of  China, 
1831-33 ;  3d  ed.,  1839,  p.  Svo.  .    v     ,   ., 

'•  The  work  of  a  man  who  has  done  more  to  break  down  the 
barrier  which  prevents  the  entrance  of  Christian  missionaries  into 
China  than  any  other  human  being."— X'>n.  Edectic  Heriew. 

'■Mr  UutzlafTs  voyages  are  replete  with  surpassmg  interest. 
He  is  a  wonderful  man,  a  heroic  Christian,  and  a  zealous  philan- 
thiopist."— .ScoKis/i  Piht.  ,  T,  c  /If 

4.  The  Life  of  Taon  Kwang,  late  Emperor  of  China, 
1852,  p.  Svo.  Reviews  of  Mr.  Gutzlaff's  accounts  of  China 
will 'be  found  in  the  Amer.  Quar.  Rev.,  xvii.  100,  ("a 
learned  and  masterly  production." — Cn.iSCELLOR  Kent;) 
Lon.  Quar.  Rev.,  li.  468  :  by  E.  G.  Smith,  in  Chris.  Quar. 
Spec.,  V.  691;  by  B.  B.  Edwards,  in  Amer.  Quar.  Obs.,  i. 
330.  See  also  Lieber's  Essays  on  Property  and  Labour, 
ed.  1854,  p.  67. 

Guy,  J.     Songs,  Catches,  Ac.,  1799. 

Guy,  Joseph,  Prof,  of  Geography  at  the  Royal  Mili- 
tary College,  Great  Marlow,  has  pub.  many  educational 
works  on  Astronomy,  Geography,  History,  Arithmetic,  Ac., 
which  maintain  a  high  reputation. 

Guy,  Joseph,  Jr.,  of  Magdalen  H.all,  O.xford,  son  of 
the  preceding,  was  his  father's  assistant  in  some  of  the 
works  just  noticed,  and  has  himself  pub.  a  number  of 
volumes  on  Grammar,  Arithmetic,  Ac. 

Guy,  Melmoth.  Cancerous  Cases,  Ac,  Lon.,  1777,  Svo. 

Guy,  Richard.     W.o-ks  upon  Cancers,  Ac,  1755-65. 

Guy,  Thomas,  d.  1724,  aged  SO,  the  founder  of  Guy's 
Hospital.     His  Last  Will,  Lon.,  1725,  Svo. 

Guy,  W.  A.  Principles  of  Forensic  Medicine,  Lon., 
1844,  fp.  Svo.     Amer.  ed.,  by  C.  A.  Lee,  N.  York,  1845,  Svo. 

Guy,  Wm.     Dislocation;  Med.  i'acts,  1794. 

Guybon,  Francis.     Empiricism,  Lon.,  1712,  Svo. 

Guyse,  John,  D.D.,  1680-1761,  a  Calvinistic  Inde- 
pendent divine,  settled  at  Hertford,  and  subsequently  in 
New  Broad  Street,  London,  pub.  a  number  of  Serms.,  Dis- 
courses, Ac,  but  is  best  known  by  The  Practical  Exposi- 
tor; or.  An  Exposition  of  the  N.  Test,  in  the  form  of  a 
Paraphrase,  with  Notes,  Ac,  Lon.,  1739-42,  3  vols.  4to; 
1760,  3  vols.  4to  :  called  the  best  ed.  Other  eds.,  iu  6  vols. 
Svo,  Edin.,  1775,  1808,  '14. 

'■  Dr.  Ct.  has  shown  his  solid  judgment  and  learning ;  and,  with- 
out affectation  and  needless  pomp  of  criticism,  has  given  the  reader 
as  full  a  view  of  the  sense  of  the  best  interpreters,  and  as  compre- 
hensive an  insight  into  the  scope  and  meaning  of  the  New  Testa- 
ment, as  is  likely  perhaps  to  be  met  with  in  the  same  compass  of 

words." — MlDDLETON. 

"  A  heavy  work.  In  the  paraphrase  various  and  often  discord- 
ant senses  are  lirought  together.  The  notes  do  not  throw  much 
light  on  the  text.  It  is  far  inferior  to  the  similar  work  of  his 
friend  and  contemporary.  Dr.  Doddridge,  [The  Family  Expositor.]'' 
—Ormr's  Biltt.  Bib. 

*•  If  this  work  has  not  an  air  of  elegant  criticism  and  modern  re- 
finement, like  the  Family  Expositor,  [of  Dr.  Doddridge.]  it  is  very 
sound  and  judicious,  expressed  in  a  style  significant,  perspicuous, 
and  correct,  though  not  ornamented." — Dr.  E.  Williams's  V.  P.  - 
'•Very  useful  to  a  miuister,  though  too  heavy  for  the  general 
reader.'" — Birkf.rstHh's  C.  S. 

■■  His  paraphrase  has  never  been  very  popuhir."— Siwne's  Bill. 
Bib. 

'■It  displays  sound  judgment,  an  intimate  acquaintance  with 
the  original,  considerable  critical  acumen,  with  much  seriousness 
aud  zeal  for  truth."— BoocE  ANn  Bexxett. 

His  work  on  the  Holy  Spirit  (greatly  admired)  has  been 
recently  (Lon.,  1840,  r.  Svo)  repub.  His  sermons,  pub. 
separately  and  collectively,  and  at  various  dates,  have 
been  highly  commended: 

"  His  discourses  the  reader  will  find  judicious,  weighty,  serious, 
evangelical,  and  instructive."— iri'to/i's  Dissenters. 
'•Evangelical  and  practical."— iJiclers(c»rs  C.  S. 
Gwilliam,  or  Guillim,  Sir  Henry,  Chief-Justice 
of  the  Isle  of  Ely.  1.  Bacon's  Abridgt. :  see  Bacon, 
Matthew.  2.  A  Charge,  1799,  4to.  3.  Acts,  Ac  rel.  to 
Tithes,  1801,  4  vols.  r.  Svo;  2d  ed.,  by  C.'Ellis,  1825,  4, 
vols.  r.  Svo. 

GwiUiam,  John.     Poems,  Ac,  Lon.,  1813,  Ac. 
GwiUim,  John.     See  Glillim. 
Gwilt,  Joseph.     Encyc.  of  Architecture,  illus.  by 
upwards  of  1000  engravings  on  wood,  Lon.,  1842,  Svo;  3d 
ed.,  1854,  Svo. 

■'This  elaborate  and  learned  work  constitutes  a  complete  body 
of  architecture." — L<m.  Spectator. 

1SK- 


GWI 

Mr.  G.  has  pub.  a  number  of  other  works  on  Architec- 
ture, &c. 

Givilym,  David  Ap,  1340-1400?  the  "Ovid  of 
;Wales,  was  a  native  of  Brogynin,  Cardiganshire.  His 
?"oT'<;  '°  "„"'"'■  P"'^-  ^y  Owen  Jones  and  Wm.  Owen, 
KaJ,  Svo.     Highly  commended  by  (he  editors. 

Uwiiiett,  Ambrose.     His  Life,  Lon.,  Svo. 

t»wiiine,  or  Gwyiine,  Matthew,  M.D.,  d.  1627,  a 
native  of  London,  Fellow  of  St.  John's  Coll.,  Oxford,  first 
rtof.  of  Physic   in   (iresham   Coll.,  Lond..n,  15;ie-I607. 

1.  JNero  Tragojdia,  Lon.,  1603,  4to.  2.  Verlumnus  Comie- 
clia,  160,,  4to.  3.  Chymicaj,  1611,  4to.  Other  publica- 
tions. See  Athen.  Oxon.;  Ward's  Lives  of  the  Gresham 
rrofessors. 

Gwuineth,  or  GAvynneth,  John,  Vioar  of  Luton, 
pub.  a  number  of  treatises  against  the  writings  of  J.jhn 
Frith  and  the  doctrines  of  tho  Keformation,  Lon.,  1536-57. 
See  Athen.  Oxon. 

Gwyii,  David.     English  verses,  Lon.,  16mo. 

Gwyne,  Lieut.  Lawrence,  R.N.  Robertson's  Navi- 
gation;  7th  ed.,  1S05,  r.  Svo. 

Gwyne,  Wm.     Two  Serms.,  17S0,  4to. 

Gwynn,  John.     1.  Essay  on  Design.  Lon.,  1749,  Svo. 

2.  London  and  Westminster  improved,  1766,  4to.  Many 
of  the  improvements  here  suggested  have  been  effected, 
ihe  dedication  to  the  King  was  written  by  Dr.  Samuel 
Johnson. 

^.9,"X""®'  -""hn.  Military  Memoirs  of  the  Great 
Civ.l  -iVar,  Ac,  Edin.,  1S22,  4to.  500  copies  printed, 
ihe  introduction  was  written  by  Sir  Walter  Scott. 

'•C-iptain  G  Wynne  was  a  retainer  in  the  household  of  Charles  I 
?h,T=  Tr""''  '■;  "be  war;  afterwards  he  followed  the  kinnerof 
Ch.Yles  II    served  under  Montroso,  and  joined  James,  Duke  of 
York,  on  the  Continent." 

Gwynue,  Matthew,  M.D.    See  Gwin-ve. 


HAG 

Gwynne,  T.  Law  rel.  to  Duties  on  Probate  and 
Lett,  ol  Adniinis. ;  3d  ed.,  Lon.,  1841,  12mo. 

Gwynneth,  John.     See  Gwin.veth. 

Gybson.    A  Description  of  Nortons  in  Yorkshire,  1669. 

Gybson,  Thomas.  Concordance  of  the  N  Te«t 
impr.  by  T.  G.,  1535?  Probably  the  work  of  John 
Day,  assisted  by  Gybson,  the  printer. 

J:^"'  ^«'*-  Nicholas.    Phlebotomy,  Lon.,  1592,  8to 

Gyflard,  Gidard,  Gifford,  or  Gyfford,  Georee. 
minister  of  Maldon,  Essex,  pub.  15  Serms.  on  the  Song  of 
bolomon  a  number  of  occasional  serms.,  and  treatises 
against  Romanists,  Brownists,  witchcraft,  Ac,  1573-1620 
-A  very  noted  preacher,  and  one  most  admirably  well  vers'd  in 
hil"thn/h,  ?  "f 'r;-''"°K  -Wch  we.-e  rare  and  much  in  esteem  n 
his  tune,  but  wnhal  a  ureal  enemy  to  I'opery."-.4f/,«,.  Oim..n  v 

ir.„  '    ?,  .'  *"    Designs  for  Elegant  Cottages  and  Small 
V  lllas,  1S09,  4to. 

Gyfibrd,  George.     See  Gtfpard. 

Gyllord,  R.     Sacred  Poems,  Lon.,  12mo. 

Gylby,  Goddred.  1.  Trans,  of  an  Epist.  on  the  office 
of  a  Magistrate,  Ac,  by  Cicero  and  Quintus,  Lon.,  1561, 
Ibmo.  ..  Trans,  of  Calvin's  Admonit.  against  Astroloev 
Judiciall,  Ac,  16mo.  " 

Gylebie,  or  Gylby,  Anthony.     See  Gilbt. 

,0/^*  „*'*''  *^*  '•     ^'  Authenticity  of  the  N.  Test.,  Lon., 
IblJ,  Svo.  ' 

"A  learned  and  satisfactoiy  essay,"— ioienrfes's  Bi-U.  Lib. 
i.  JNew  Hebrew  Grammar,  1S14,  '16,  Svo 

3.  The  Truth  of  Christianity,  1S32,  Svo. 

foMVe';ru.h''or  Chdl.ta^tv.^"'"'''  ""'"''''  ""  '"''"'^  ""'*""^' 
Gyles,  Wm.     A  De'fence  of  Dr.  Sherlock's  Preserva- 
tive against  Popery;  in  reply  to  a  Jesuit's  Answer,  Lon., 
loss,  4to. 


H. 


Haas,  James  D.     1.  Gleanings  from  Germany,  Lon., 
1S38.  p.  Svo.     2.  F.  Koblransch's  Hist,  of  Germany,  trans. 
by  J.  D.  H.,  1845,  Svo.    Highly  commended.    3.  Zsc'hokke's 
Hours  of  Meditation,  1S43,  fp.  Svo;   1846    l'>mo 
.^1°°  i.\"  f^°"''n™"l'ousands  have  testified  to  the  merits  of  this 

ltt7^  y     I  ""  "'."""'■.'^  "^'  this  portion  of  his  writings  has 
lI  Alt.  ""  "'"""■^  '°  '"'  "«""">'  aopreciatld."- 

Ilabersham,  A.  W.,  U.S.N.  My  Last  Cruise;  being 
an  Account  of  the  U.S.  North  Pacific  Exploring  Expedi- 
Uon  ;  2d  ed    Phila.,  1857,  Svo.    Highly  commended. 

Habershon,   Matthew.     1.    Prophetic   Scriptures, 
Lon.,  1S34,    40    '42,  Svo.     2.  A   Guide  to  the  Study  0 
Chronological  Prophecy,  1S35,  12mo. 

""  'S  written  in  a  praclicol  .ind  Christian  .spirit,  and  well  di- 
BlcSas™    ™  *"■  ""  ""'^  ''"""  "■""  taportant  relTks.'?! 

3  Revelation  of  St.  John,  1841,  Svo ;  1844,  2  vols.  Svo. 
4.  Premillennial  Hvmns,  2d  ed.,  1841    ISmo 

Habington,  -Thomas,  d.  1647,  collected  thematerials 
which  formed  the  basis  of  Trcadway  Nash's  Hist,  of  Wor- 
cestershire, and  was  engaged  in  some  other  literary  labours 
He  was  implicated  in  Babington's  and  in  Essex's  conspi- 
racies, and  in  the  Gunpowder  Plot.  See  Bliss's  Wood's 
Athen.  Oxon. 

Habington,  William,  1605-1645,  son  of  the  pre- 

ceding,  was  educated  at  the  College  of  St.  Omer,  and  in- 
tended for  a  Jesuit,  but  in  preference  he  married  Lucy, 
daughter  of  William  Herbert,  first  Lord  Powis,  by  Eleanor 
daughter  of  Henry  Percy,  first  Earl  of  Northumberland: 
This  lady  first  as  the  object  of  his  courtship  and  secondly 
as  his  wife,  he  has  celebrated  in  his  poems  under  the  title 
of  Castara.  Under  this  name  also  his  poems  were  col- 
lected and  pub.  in  1634,  Lon.,  4to;  2d  ed.,  1635,  12mo; 
3d  ed  1640  12mo.  New  ed.,  with  a  Pref.  and  Notes  by 
C.  A.  Elton,  Bristol,  1S14,  Svo.  Also  in  Johnson  and  Chal- 
mers s  Eng.  Poets,  1810. 

.,11*1"^  ^"^^"i^  "'.'?'■''  '^leK''">«,  much  poetical  fancy;  and  are 
almost  everywhere  tinged  with  a  deep  moral  cast,  whi/h  ought  to 
?m.7h?J'"'l'\"''c'r''  Pf™--'™'"-    Indeed  I  cannot  eailyaccom? 

^i!%ifnfs:i  'p^a^T^^r  '■ '"''"'''  '^"™"  ■■  ^*-  ^"•'  ""• 

Wi'  ^"p't  "^  ^''  ^'""'^  deserve  being  revived."— flead/cy's  Anc. 

"As  an  amatory  poet  he  possesses  more  unaffected  tenderness 
and  delicacy  of  sentiment  than  either  Carew  or  Waller,  with  an 
elegance  of  versification  very  seldom  inferior  to  his  more  favoured 
oontemporariea."— Thomas  Pare.  i»."oi™ 

But  aurll  alteram  partem: 
763 


j".!!"'  a  middling  poet  of  the  worst  school  of  poetry,  pos- 
sessed the  coldness  without  the  smoothness  and  polish  of  Waller 
and  sacrificed  grace  and  feeling  to  the  utterance  of  cleverer  strange 
things:  his  amatory  poetry  is  without  passion,  his  funeral  elegils 
V  itliout  grief,  .and  his  paraphrases  of  scripture  without  the  warmth 
or  ^elevation  of  the   original."— ion.  Xetrosp.  Kev.,  xii.  274-286: 

'■  The  poetry  of  Habington  is  that  of  a  pure  and  amiable  mind, 
turned  to  versification  by  the  custom  of  the  day,  during  a  reai 
passion  for  a  lady  of  birth  and  virtue,  the  Caslari  whom  he  aftel- 
wards  marriHi;  but  it  displays  no  great  original  power,  nor  is  it  bv 
any  ineans  exempt  from  the  ordinary  blemishes  of  hyperbolical 
compliment  and  fai-fetched  imagery."-ifa/ta.«'s  Lit.  HM.  of 
Jiiirojie.  •' 

2  The  Queene  of  Aragon ;  a  Tragi-Comedie,  1664,  foL 
And  in  Dodsloy's  Collec  of  Old  Pl.iys. 

'-The  play,  indeed,  possesses  little  that  can  be  praised  either  in 
incident,  character,  or  imagery."-ife,r<,sp.  Rn.,  uhi  supra. 

3.  Hist,  of  Edward  the  IV.,  King  of  England,  1640,  fol. 
Written  and  pub.  at  the  desire  of  K.  Charles  L  It  is  re- 
printed in  vol.  i.  of  Kennett's  Hist,  of  England.  4.  Obser- 
vations upon  Historic,  1641,  Svo. 

Wood  observes  that  tho  Hist,  of  Edward  TV.  was 

'■  By  many  esteemed  to  have  a  stile  sufficienllv  florid,  and  better 
beconnnga  poerical  than  historical  subject.'-;.//,..,,,  him  ,Vv: 
ISlo"  Dramat;  and  Johnson  and  Chalmers's  Eng.  Poets, 

Hack,  Maria,  a  sister  of  Bernard  Barton,  has  pub. 
hmglish  Stones  of  the  Olden  Time,  Grecian  Stories,  Tales 
of  Travellers  for  Winter  Evenings,  and  other  popular 
juvenile  works. 

Haeke,Capt.Wm,  A  Collection  of  Original  Voyages, 
Lon  1699,  Svo.  This  collection  contains  part  of  the  ori- 
ginal material  for  the  History  of  the  Bucaniers :  Capt 
Cowley  s  Voyage  round  the  Globe,  Capt.  Sharp's  Journey 
over  the  Isthmus  of  D.^rien  and  Expedition  to  the  South 
Seas,  Capt.  Wood's  Voyage  to  the  Straits  of  Magellan,  Ac. 

Hacket,  Mrs.     Poems,  1804,  Svo. 

Hacket,  John,  D.D.,  1592-1670,  a  native  of  London, 

fclT'"'  S'  ^"°'  ^''"■'  ^'"^^■'  !'«<■'"'  °f  Stoke-Hamon 
IblS;  of  St.  Andrew's,  Holborn,  London,  and  of  Cheam 
Jurrey  1624;  Archdeacon  of  Bedford,  1631;  Bishop  of 
Lichfield  and  Coventry,  1661.  As  a  theologian  he  was  a 
zealous  Protestant  and  a  moderate  Calvinist;  as  a  man  he 
was  in  great  reputation  for  piety,  hospitality,  generosity, 
and  benignity.  1.  Comcedia  Loila,  data  per  Job.  Hack'»t 
Epis.  Litchfield,  Lon.,  1648,  Svo.  This  Latin  comedy  was 
twice  acted  before  James  L  2.  Serm.,  1660,  4to.  3.  A 
Century  of  Serms.,  with  the  Author's  Life,  by  Thos.  Plume, 
B.D.,  1675,  fol. 


HAG 


HAG 


"Bishop  Hacket  and  T  go  on  well  after  supper.  His  are  comical 
sermODS:  half  Koman  Catholic  in  their  conceits,  full  of  learning 
which  would  be  utterly  unprofitable  if  it  did  not  sometimes  call 
forth  a  shrewd  remark,  seasoned  with  piety,  and  having  strong 
good  sense  mixed  up  with  other  ingredients,  like  plums  iu  a  pud- 
ding which  has  not  too  many  of  them." — Southey's  Life  and  Oj'- 
resp. 

4.  Scrinia  Reserta:  the  Life  of  Archbishop  Williams, 
1693,  fol.  Abridged  by  Ambrose  Philips,  1700,  Svo. 
Abridged  by  W.  Stephens,  1715,  4to. 

''Full  of  cuiious  matter." — Disraeli. 

"■  What  a  delij^htful  and  instructive  book  Bishop  Ilacket's  Life 
of  Archbishop  \Villiams  is!  You  learn  more  fiom  it  of  that  whirh 
is  valuable  towards  an  insight  into  the  times  preceding  the  Civil 
Wars,  than  from  all  the  pouderous  histories  and  memoirs  now  com- 
posed about  that  period." — Coleridge. 

Another  critic  remarks  that  this  work, 

"Though  full  of  elaborate  and  pedantic  absurdity,  insomuch 
that  it  was  roundly  declared  by  a  great  judge  of  style  to  be  the 
worst-written  book  in  the  language,  nevertheless  abounds  with 
new  and  cuiious  matter." — Lon.  Quar.  Jicv. 

A  new  ed.  of  his  Christian  Consolations,  with  a  Memoir, 
was  pub.  in  1840,  fp.  Svo ;  and  a  treatise  of  his  on  Fasting 
will  be  found  in  Tracts  of  Angl.  Fiithers,  iv.  163. 

*'  He  abounded  not  only  with  great  learning,  acute  wit,  excellent 
judgment  and  memory,  but  with  an  incomparable  ictc^rity.  pru- 
dence, justice,  piety,  charity,  constancy  to  Uod  and  to  his  fiiend  in 
adversity,  and  iu  his  friendship  was  most  industrious  to  fulfil  it 
with  good  offices.  His  motto  was.  Serve  God,  and  he  chearfulL" — ■ 
Dii.  Campbell  :  Biog,  Brit.,  q.  v. ;  also  Life  by  Dr.  I'lnme,  prefixed 
to  his  Sermons;  Oen.  Diet,;  Athen.  <>xon. ;  (>ent.  ^lag.,  vol.  Ixvi. 
Hacket,  Lawrence.  Serm..  1707,  4to. 
Hackett,  Horatio  B.,  b.  December  27,  1S08,  at 
Salisbury,  Mass. ;  grad.  at  Amherst  College,  1830;  studied 
Theology  at  Andover,  and  afterwards  at  Ilalle,  in  Germany  ; 
Prof.  Ancient  Languages  in  Brown  Univ.  from  1835  to  1839. 
Since  then  Prof,  of  Hebrew  and  Biblical  Interpretation  in 
Newton  Theological  Institution. 

1.  Plutarch  de  sera  Numinis  Vindiota,  with  a  body  of 
Notes,  Andover,  12mo.  2.  Chaldee  Grammar,  translated 
with  Additions  from  the  German,  8vo.  3.  Hebrew  Exer- 
cises for  the  use  of  Theological  Students.  4.  A  Commen- 
tary on  the  Original  Text  of  the  Acts  of  the  Apostles,  1853, 
8vo:  2ded.,  18oS.  5.  Illustrations  of  Scrijiture,  suggested 
by  a  Tour  in  the  Holy  Land,  Bost.,  1855,  12mo.  pp.  340. 

Prof.  Ilaokett  has  also  contributed  to  various  literary  and 
theological  reviews.     See  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  July,  1858,  235. 
Hackett,  James.     Expedit.  which  sailed  to  S.  Ame- 
rica in  1817.  1818,  Svo. 

Hackett,  James  Thomas, b.  in  Cork,  Ireland,  1805, 
sou  of  John  Hackett,  Is  the  author  of  various  pamphlets 
on  railway  statistics,  building,  and  mathematics. 

Hackett,  John.     Epitaphs,  Lon.,  1757,  2  vols.  12mo. 

"  An  excellent  collection." — Lowyidt's^s  Bihl.  Man. 

Hackett,  Roger.    1.  Serm.,  1591.   2.  Do.,  1593, 1628. 

Hackett,  Thomas,  D.D.,  Bishop  of  Down  and  Con- 
nor.1672;  deprived  for  simony,  1694.   Serm., Lon. ,1672,4to. 

Hackett,  Capt.  Wm.     Cavahy,  1811,  Svo. 

Hackewill,  Wm.     See  Hakeweli- 

Hackitt,  Thomas.  1.  Voyage  of  Vezarianus,  1524. 
2.  Voyage  of  Kibault,  in  15G3.  These  are  iucluded  in 
Hakluyt's  Voyages,  15S2,  4to,  q.  v. 

Hackle,  Palmer.     Hints  on  Angling,  Lon.,  1846. 

Hacklcy,  Charles  W.,  b.  March  9,  ISOS,  at  Herkimer, 
N.  Y. ;  entered  Military  Acad.,  West  Point,  as  Cadet,  in 
1825;  grad.,  1829;  Assistant  Professor  of  Mathematics  at 
West  Point  until  1832  ;  studied  law,  and  afterwards  theo- 
logy, and  was  ordained  a  clergyman  in  the  Prot.  Episcopal 
Church  in  1S35;  Prof.  Mathematics  iu  the  Univ.  of  New 
York  till  1S38;  afterwards  Pres.  of  Jefferson  College,  Mis- 
sissippi; Rector  of  St.  Peter's  Epis.  Church  in  Auburn, 
N.  Y. ;  and  Prof,  of  Mathematics  and  Astronomy  in  Co- 
lumbia College,  N.  Y.,  {since  1843.)  1.  Treatise  on  Algebra, 
N.  Y.,  1846,  Svo.  This  is  considered  one  of  the  most  full 
and  complete  single  treatises  on  this  subject  in  any  language. 
2.  A  School  and  College  edition,  abridged  from  the  same, 
Svo.  3.  A  treatise  on  Geometry,  1S47,  12mo.  4.  A  trea- 
tise on  Trigonometry  and  its  applications  to  Navigation, 
Surveying,  Nautical  and  Practical  Astronomy,  &c.,  and 
Geodesy,  1851,  '54,  Svo.  5.  Haslett's  Mechanics',  Machin- 
ists', and  Engineers'  Practical  Book  of  Reference:  and  the 
Engineer's  Field-Bo.,k;  edited  by  C.  W.  II.,  1856,  12mo. 

HackUiyt,  Kichard.     See  Hakluvt. 

Hackmau,  Rev.  James.  His  Letters:  see  Sir  Her- 
bert Croft's  Love  and  Madness. 

Haddington,  Thomas  Hamilton,  first  Earl  of,  d. 
1637,  left  a  number  of  legal  MSS. — Practics,  Decisions 
of  the  Ct.  of  Session,  1592-1624,  &c.— for  an  account  of 
which  see  Park's  Walpole's  R.  and  N.  Authors. 

Haddington,  Thomas  Hamilton,  sixth  Earl  of, 
d.  1785,  was  the  author  of  Forty  Select  Poems,  1737,  '61, 
48 


*65,  'S3.     Tales  in  Verse,  and  a  Treatise  on  Forest  Trees, 
1761.     See  Park's  "Walpole's  K.  and  N.  Authors. 

Haddock,  Charles  B,,  D.D.,  b.  1796,  late  minister 
from  the  U.  States  to  Portugal,  is  a  native  of  Salisbury, 
(now  Franklin,)  N.  Hampshire,  and  a  nephew  of  the  late 
Hon.  Daniel  Webster.  An  interesting  biographical  sketch 
of  this  eminent  scholar  and  divine  will  be  found  in  the 
International  Magazine,  ii.  1-3.  Addresses  and  Miscella- 
neous Writings,  Cambridge,  1846,  Svo.  Dr.  H-  has  been  a 
contributor  to  The  Biblical  Repertory,  The  Bibliotheca 
Sacra,  and  ether  periodicals.  He  has  now  in  preparation 
a  work  on  Rhetoric. 

Haddo,  James.     Baptism,  Edin.,  1704,  4to. 

Haddon,  Walter,  1516-1572,  a  native  of  Bucking- 
hamshire, one  of  the  revivers  of  the  learned  languages  in 
England,  Fellow  of  King's  Coll.,  Cauib.,  became  President 
of  Magdalen  Coll.,  Oxf.,  and  Prof,  of  Rhetoric  and  Ora- 
tory in  the  University.  Ho  was  one  of  the  authors  of  The 
Reformatio  Legnm  Ecclesia.'«ticarum.  A  collective  edit, 
of  his  works,  consisting  of  10  Latin  Orations,  14  letters, 
and  some  poems,  was  pub.  in  1567,  Lon.,  4to,  under  the 
title  of  Lucubrationes,  &c.  His  Poemata  were  pub.,  with 
his  Life,  in  1576,  16rao. 

When  Queen  Elizabeth  was  asked  whether  she  preferred 
Haddon  or  Buchanan  in  point  of  learning,  she  replied, 
'■Iluchananum  omnibus  antepouo, 
lladdonum  nemini  postpouo," 

An  eminent  modern  critic  considers  that  Haddon's  merits 
as  a  Latinist  have  been  overrated: 

"  Many  of  oui'  own  critics  have  extolled  the  Latiuity  of  Walter 
Iladilon.  His  Orations  were  published  in  1567.  They  belong  to 
the  first  years  of  this  peiiod.  [1550  to  1000,]  but  they  seem  hardly 
to  deserve  any  high  praise.  Haddon  bad  certainly  laboured  at  an 
imitation  of  Ciceio.  but  without  catchinj;  his  manner  or  getting 
rid  of  the  florid,  semi-poetical  tone  of  the  fourth  century.'' — Hal- 
lam'-'  Lit.  Ili^t.  of  Eurr,j>c. 

Haden,  Charles  Thomas.  1.  Med.  Guide  for  Fa- 
milies, Lon.,  8vo.  2.  Alcock's  Diseases  of  Children,  Svo. 
3.  Formulary  rel.  to  Morphine,  &c.:  see  Ddnglisok,  Rob- 
lev,  M.D.,  LL.D. 

Haden,  Thomas.  Case  of  Rupture,  Trans.  Med. 
and  Cbir.,  isiu).     The  patient  recovered. 

Hadfield,  James.  Gothic  Arehitec.  of  Esses,  Lon., 
1848,  fol.  A  work  of  great  value  to  the  antiquary  as  well 
as  to  the  architect. 

Hadfield,  Thomas.  1.  Serm.,  1733,  Svo.  2.  Do., 
17:^7,  svM. 

Hadley,  George.  Trade  Winds,  Phil.  Trans.,  1735. 
2.  Meteorolog.  Diaries,  ib.  17.'>5. 

Hadley,  Capt.  George.  Hist,  of  Kingston-upon- 
Hull,  1788,  4to.  Capt.  H.  pub.  some  grammat.  works 
upfin  the  Persian  language,  &c.,  1776-1809. 

Hadley,  John,  d.  1744,  whose  name  is  connected 
with  the  invention  of  the  quadrant  and  of  a  reflecting 
telescope,  contributed  a  number  of  papers  on  astronomy, 
nat.  philos.,  Ac.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1723—46.  He  was  Vice- 
President  of  the  Royal  Society. 

Hadley,  John.     Chem.  Lects.,  Camb.,  1758,  Svo. 

Hadow,  James.    Antinomianism,  Edin.,  1721, 12mo. 

Hagiiar,  Henry.  The  Order  of  Causes,  of  God's 
Fore-Knuwledge.  &c.,  Lon.,  1654,  4to. 

Haggard,  John,  LL.D.  1.  Reports  in  Consis.  Ct.  of 
London,  Lon.,  1822,  2  vols.  Svo.  2.  Rep.  in  H.  Ct.  Admi- 
ralty, 1832-38,  3  vols.  Svo;  1S25-40.  Continued  by  Dr. 
Wm.  Robinson.  3.  Rep.  of  the  Judg.  in  Dew  r.  Clark  and 
Clark,  1826,  Svo.  4.  Rep.  of  the  Judg.  rel.  to  Grace,  1S28, 
Svo.     5.  Rep.  in  Eccles.  Cts.,  1S27-32,  4  vols.  Svo. 

Haggerstone,  George.  Remarks  on  a  Serm. 
preached  by  Rev.  W.  Graham.  Lon.,  1773,  Svo. 

Haggerty,  Francis,  D.D.     Serm.,  1810. 

Ilaggett,  John.     See  Haggitt. 

Haggitt,  Francis,  D.D.     Serm.,  .Ike,  1810,  '13. 

Haggitt,  George.  1.  The  Sacrament,  Lon.,  1793, 
Svo.     2.  Serms.,  1796,  '97,  2  vols.  8voj  1825,  Svo. 

"  Plain  and  practical  sermons ;  written  in  simple  and  unoraa- 
mented  language." 

Haggitt,  John.  1.  Serm.,  Lon.,  1800,  Svo.  2.  Two 
Letts,  on  Gothic  Architecture,  Camb.,  1S13,  r.  Svo. 

Haghe,  Louis,  b.  in  Belgium,  1822,  for  many  years 
a  resident  of  England.  Sketches  in  Belgium  and  Ger- 
many, 3  series,  1840,  '45,  '50,  all  imp.  fol. 

"This  work  is  an  honour  to  the  Artist  and  a  credit  to  the 
country,  as  containing  first-rate  specimens  of  artistic  skill." — Lon. 
M.  B.>st. 

Mr.  II.  has  pub.  several  other  works,  ''illustrating  with, 
masterly  fidelity  the  archa;ological  treasures  of  his  native 
country."     See  Men  of  the  Time,  Lon.,  1856. 

Hagthorpe,  John.  Divine  Meditations  and  Elegies, 
Lon.,  1622,  sm.  Svo.     2.  Visioncs  Rerum,  1623,  sm.  Svo, 

7&a 


HAG 


HAK 


England's  Exchequer;  or,  A  Discourse  of  the  Se«  .and  1  and  Providence  of  God  in  the  Government  of  the  World, 


Navigation,  1625,  4to.  Respecting  the  three  precedin 
works,  see  Brydges's  Brit.  BiMiog.,  i.  2.'i6-240 ;  Bibl. 
Anglo-Poet.,  925,  926.  A  vol.  entitled  Hagthorpe  Re- 
vived, printed  entirely  on  India  paper,  was  struck  off  at 
the  Lee  Priory  Press,  by  Sir  i^.  E.  Brydges,  for  the  mem- 
bers of  the  Ro.tburghe  Cluh,  1S17,  4to. 

Hague,  Thomas.     Political  tr.acts,  ISO.S,  '09,  '10. 

Hague,  William,  D.D.,  a  native  of  New  York,  a 
Baptist  minister,  now  (1856)  settled  at  Albany,  N.  York. 
1.  The  Baptist  Church  transplanted  from  the  Old  World 
to  the  New,  N.  York,  1S46,  12mo.  2.  Guide  to  Conversa- 
tion on  the  Gospel  of  John,  Boston.  3.  Review  of  Drs. 
Fuller  and  Wayland  on  Slavery,  18mo.  Answered  by  the 
Rev.  Thos.  Meredith.  Raleigh,  N.  C.  4.  Christianity  and 
Statesmanship,  N.  Y'ork,  1855,  12mo.  5.  Home  Life:  12 
Lects.  on  the  Duties  and  Relations  of  the  Family  Circle. 
.See  Memoirs  of  Margaret  Fuller  Os.soli,  i.  184. 

Hahn,  James,  and  Placido  and  Justo  Gener. 
The  Steam  Engine  for  Practical  Men,  Lon.,  1854,  8vo. 

"  A  veiy  useful  puide  to  the  Practical  Engineer." — L^n.  Ciril 
EiifJ't^o^r  inni  ArrhitecVs  J'Hirnaf. 

Haig,  Charles.  Corp.  Act  of  Ireland,  Dubl.,  1841, 
12mo.     See  1  Legal  Reporter,  175. 

Haig,  James.  Topog.  and  Hist.  Account  of  Kelso 
and  Roxliurgh,  &c.,  Ediu.,  1825,  8vo. 

Haig,  James,     Tlie  Sep.aration  of  Law  and  Equity, 
Ac.,  Lon.,  1841,  12mo.     See  5  Jurist,  1026. 
Haigh,  J.     Day  Schools,  1816,  18mo. 
Haigh,  James.     1.  The  Dyer's  Assist.,  Leeds,  1778, 
]2nio.     2.  Hint  to  Dyers,  Ac,  Lon.,  1779,  8vo. 

Haigh,  Samuel.  Sketches  of  Buenos  Ayres,  Chili, 
and  Peru,  Lon.,  8vo. 

"We  recommend  the  book  as  an  unpretending  production, 
aboundiufr  in  fair  and  impartial  observatinns.  in  interestiug  facts, 
in  description  of  manners  faithful,  while  they  are  picturesque." — 
Lon.  Atlit'tiiTiim. 

Haigh,  Thomas.  1.  Conjuga  Latina,  Lon.,  1808, 
]2mo.    "2.  Diurnal  Rcailings.  1814.  12mo. 

Haight,  Rev.  Benjamin,  Rector  of  AU-S.aints' 
Church.  N.  York.  Address  liel'ore  the  Philolexian  Soe.  of 
Columbia  Coll..  May  17,  1840,  N.  York,  1840,  8vo,  pp.  31.  | 

Haight,  Mrs.  Sarah  Rogers,  formerly  Miss  Ro- 
gers, wife  of  Mr.  Richard  K.  Haight,  of  New  Y'ork,  has 
embodied  the  results  of  many  years'  foreign  travel  in  two 
popular  vols.,  entitled  Letters  from  the  Old  World,  N. 
York,  1840,  2  vols.  12mo. 

"These  are  delightful  volumes  of  familiar  epistles  fiom  Egypt. 
.Syria,  Palestine,  Asia  Minor,  Turkey,  and  Greece;  and  the  impres- 
sions they  give  us  of  those  intensely-interesting  regions  ai-e  so 
vivid  and  lifelike,  that  we  have  more  than  om:e  iu  reading  them 
imagined  ourselves  with  the  gifted  lady-author  in  '  the  laud  of  the 
east — the  clime  of  the  sun.'" 

Haigliton,  John,  M.D.  Profess,  con.  to  Med.  Com., 
1789  ;  to  Memoirs  Med.,  1789,  '92 ;  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1795,  '97. 
Hailes,  Lord.  See  Dalrvmpi.e,  David. 
Hailes,  C.  Reward  of  the  Mcrcifull,  Lon.,  1595,  IBmo. 
Hailes,  VVm.  Serm.,  1722,  8vo. 
Hails,  W.  A.  1.  Invention  of  the  Life-Boat,  1806, 
8vo.     2,  Nuga;  Poeticte.  1S06. 

Hails,  W.H.  1.  Deity  of  the  Messiah.  2.  Socinian- 
ism  Unscriptural,  181.1. 

Hailstone,  John.  1.  Lects.  on  Mineralogy,  1791, 
;vo.     2.  (Tcology  of  Cambridgeshire,  Geol.  Trans.,  1816. 

Ilainam,  Hanam,  or  Hannam,  Richard.  1.  His 
uife,  Lon.,  1656,  4to.  2.  His  Last  Farewell  to  the  World, 
1666,  12mo.  3.  His  Speech  and  Confession,  1656,  4to. 
tiainam  was  a  famous  thief,  and  died  under  the  gallows. 
There  was  pub.  a  work  entitled  The  English  Villain,  or 
rbe  Grand  Thief;  being  a  full  Relation  of  the  desperate 
,ife  and  death  of  Richard  Hainam,  Lon.,  pp.  14. 

Haines,  Charles  G.,  d.  1826,  aged  32,  a  native  of 
Canterbury,  New  Hampshire,  practised  law  in  New  Y'ork. 
Among  his  writings  are — 1.  Considerations  on  the  Erie 
Canal,  1818.     2.  Memoir  of  T.  A.  Emmet,  1829. 

Haines,  Richard,  pub.  several  treatises  on  Trade, 
Work-Houses,  Alms-Uouses,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1670-84.  See 
Watt's  Bibl.  Brit. 

Haiward,  John.  The  Strong  Helper ;  teaching  in 
all  Troubles  how  to  cast  our  Burden  upon  God,  Lon., 
1614,  8vo. 

Hake,  Edward,  pub.  some  theolog.,  historical,  and 
other  treatises,  Lon.,  1574-1604.  See  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit.; 
Lowndes's  Bibl.  Man. 

Hakevvill,  George,  D.D.,  1579-1649,  a  native  of 
Exeter,  educated  at  St.  Alban's  Hall,  Oxf ,  became  Arch- 
deacon of  Surrey,  1616.     He  pub.  several  theolog.  treatises 


Oxf.,  1627,  '30,  '36,  fol.  „    ,    ^      c  , 

"  There  have  been  many  great  inquests,    remarks  Josnua  Kyl- 


and  serms.,  1608-41,  and  the  f  illowing  work,  by  which  he 
is  best  known :  An  Apologie  or  Declaration  of  the  Power 
75* 


vester,  ,     ,     ,,       ^.„  , 

"  To  tind  the  cause  why  bodies  still  grow  less. 
And  daily  nearer  to  the  pigmies'  size." 

Hakewill,  however,  contends  that  the  earth  does  not 
decay  as  it  grows  old,  and  that  nature  is  not  debilitated 
with  age.  He  has  treated  his  subject  with  much  ability, 
and  his  work  has  been  highly  commended  by  Abp.  Usher, 
Dr.  Warton,  Dugald  Stewart,  and  others. 

"Those  who  think  the  World  is  degenerated  would  do  well  to 
read  it."— I*r.  J.  M'urton  to  Alex.  Pnpf. 

"The  production  of  an  uncommonly  liberal  and  enlightened 
mind,  well  stored  with  various  and  choice  learning,  collected  both 
from  ancient  and  modern  authors." — Dooald  Stewart. 

"  A  work  admirably  interesting,  as  well  by  its  piety  as  its  learn- 
ing."—Todd.  . 

"  Some  of  the  good  old  archdeacon's  topics  may  excite  a  smUe  in 
these  times."— SoiiTBEY. 

"  A  celebrated  work,  highly  commended.  The  style  of  Johnson 
was  much  formed  upon  that  of  Hooker.  Bacon,  Sanderson,  Hake- 
will,  and  others.—'  Those  Oiants,'as  a  great  personage  calls  them." 

"  The  learning  shown  iu  this  treatise  is  very  extensive ;  but  Hake- 
will  has  no  taste,  and  cannot  perceive  any  real  superiority  iu  the 
ancients." — Ha/lam's  Lit.  Hint,  of  Europe. 

See  Athen.  Oxon. ;  Walker's  Sufferings  of  the  Clergy; 
Lloyd's  Memoirs ;  Usher's  Life  and  Letters. 

HakCAvill,  James,  architect,  1.  Ccelehs;  a  Novel, 
1812,  sm.  8vo.  2.  Hist,  of  Windsor,  Ac,  Lon.,  1813,  imp. 
4to,  .and  1.  paper.  3.  Picturesque  Tour  of  Italy,  1816-17, 
63  engravings  from  drawings,  by  J.  M.  W.  Turner,  1820, 
4to,  and  1.  paper,  fol. 

"  One  of  the  most  beautiful  and  really  instructive  works  of  its 
kind  in  this  country." — Dibdiri's  Lib.  Omp. 

This  should  accompany  Eustace's  Tour,  and  Addison 
and  Forsyth's  Travels. 

4.  Tour  in  Jamaica,  1820-21,  r.  4to,  and  1.  paper,  1825. 
5.  Elizabethan  Architecture,  1847,  8vo. 

Hakewill,  VVm.,  M.P.,  .an  eminent  lawyer,  educated 
at  Exeter  Coll..  Oxf,  elder  brother  of  George,  pub.  several 
political  and  other  treatises,  of  which  the  following  are  the 
best-known  ;—l.  Liberty  of  the  Subject,  Lon.,  1641,  4to. 
2.  Modus  tenedi  Parli.amentum,  1641,  '71,  8vo ;  1659, 12mo. 
"  He  was  a  grave  and  judicious  counsellor,  bad  sate  in  divers 
parliaments,  and  out  of  his  great  and  long  conversation  with  an- 
tiquity did  extract  several  remark.ablo  observations  concerning  the 
liberty  of  tlic  subject,  and  manner  of  holding  of  parliaments.'" — 
See  uiiss's  Wnod's  Athen.  Oxou. 

Hakluyt,  Richard,  1553  ?-1616,  Preb.  of  Bristol  and 
of  Westminster,  and  Rector  of  Wetheringset,  Suffolk,  was 
a  native  of  London  or  its  vicinity,  and  educated  at  Christ 
Church,  Oxford.  He  took  gre.at  interest  in  the  voyages 
made  by  his  countrymen  and  others ;  and  it  is  to  his  in- 
dustry and  enterprise  that  we  are  indebted  for  the  preser- 
v.ation  of  accounts  which  would  otherwise,  in  all  proba- 
bility, have  been  entirely  lost  to  the  world.  1.  Diners 
Voyages  touching  the  Discouerie  of  America  and  the 
Islands  adjacent  unto  the  same,  Ac,  Lon.,  1682,  4to. 
2.  Foure  Voyages  unto  Florida,  Ac,  by  Capt.  Loudonniere 
and  others.  Trans,  from  the  French,  by  R.  Hakluyt,  1587, 
4to.  The  year  preceding  he  had  this  work  pub.  at  Paris, 
in  French.  Ho  .also  had  pub.  at  Paris,  in  1587,  an  im- 
proved ed.  of  Peter  Martyr's  work,  De  Orbe  Novo,  8vo; 
and  at  his  suggestion  this  work  was  afterwards  trans,  into 
English,  by  M.  Lok,  and  pub.  under  the  title  of  The  His- 
toric of  the  West  Indies.  It  is  repub.  in  the  Supp.  Vol.  to 
the  reprint  of  Hakluyfs  Voyages.  1809-12,  5  vols.  4to. 
See  Lon.  Retrosp.  Rev.,  xi.  100-123:  1S25.  3.  The  Prin- 
cipal Nauigations,  Voyages,  Traffiques,  and  Diseoueries  of 
the  English  Nation,  made  by  sea  or  over  land,  to  the  most 
remote  and  farthest  distant  quarters  of  the  Earth,  at  any 
time  within  the  compasse  of  these  1600  years,  1589,  fol. 
This  is  the  first  ed.  of  the  celebrated  collection  to  which 
Hakluyt  principally  owes  his  fame.  It  is  exceedingly 
rare;  and  Jadis's  copy,  (see  his  cat.,  339,)  with  a  map  re- 
ferred to  in  the  preface,  {see  next  sentence,)  and  an  account 
of  Sir  F.  Drake's  Voyage,  6  leaves,  inserted  between  pp. 
64.3-644,  sold  for  £26  6s. 

"  But  the  best  map  of  the  sixteenth  century  is  one  of  uncommon 
rarity,  which  is  found  in  a  very  few  copies  of  the  tirst  edition  of 
H.altluy  t's  Voyages.  This  contains  Davis's  8tr.aits,  (Fretum  Davis,) 
Virginia  by  name,  and  the  lake  Ontario.  ...  It  represents  the  ut> 
most  limit  of  geographical  knowledge  at  the  close  of  the  sixteenth 
century,  and  far  excels  the  maps  in  the  edition  of  Ortelius  at  Ant- 
werp in  15SS." — HaUaiii's  Lit.  Hist,  of  Europe,  q.  v. 

An  enlarged  ed.,  comprehending  1600  years,  appeared 
1598-99-1600,  in  3  vols,  fol.,  bound  in  2.  In  some  of  the 
copies,  the  Voyage  to  Cadiz,  forming  pp.  607-619  of  the 
Isl  vol.,  is  wanting,  or  supplied  by  a  reprint.  It  was  sup- 
pressed by  the  order  of  Q.  Elizabeth,  after  the  disgrace  of 


the  Earl  of  Essex.     The  scarcity  of  these  vols,  induced 
Mr.  Evans  to  publish  a  new  ed.,  edited  by  Mr.  G.  Woodfall, 


HAK 


HAK 


1S09-12,  5  vols.  r.  4to,  £15  15s. — 250  copies  printed:  large 
paper,  imp.  4to,  £31  lOs. — 75  cupios  printed.  This  ed. 
contains  an  accurate  reprint  of  the  best  folio  ed.,  with  the 
addition  of  those  voyages  which  wore  pub.  in  the  1st  ed. 
and  omitted  in  the  2d.  The  above  reprinted  matters  are 
included  in  vols,  i.,  ii.,  and  iii.,  and  part  of  vol.  iv.,  of  the 
new  ed.  The  latter  part  of  vol.  iv.,  and  the  whole  of  vol. 
v.,  are  taken  up  with  voyages  printed  by  Ilakluyt,  or  at 
his  suggestion,  subsequent  to  the  publicatiun  of  his  Collec- 
tion, and  a  tract  from  a  MS.  entitled  The  Omission  of  Cales 
Voyage  stated  and  discussed  by  the  Earl  of  Essex,  and  a 
MS.  of  Brocfinicre.  This  Supp.  was  alsu  pub.  in  a  sepa- 
rate vol.,  1812,  4to.     The  contents  areas  fnlbiws — reprints  : 

1.  Galvano's  Discoveries  of  the  World,  IHOl. 

2.  Davis.  The  World's  Hydrographicnl  De.-cription,  1595. 

3.  Brocquiere,  Voyage  d'Outreraor.     From  a  MS. 

4.  Eden,  Navigation  and  Voyages  of  Lewis  Vei*?omanus. 

5.  A  Voyage  made  by  certain   ships  of  Holland  to  the 

East  Indies,  1598. 

6.  The  prosperous  and  speedy  voyage  to  Java,  performed 

by  8  ships  of  Amsterdam,  in  1598^99,  (ItlOO.) 

7.  Newes  from,  the  East  Indies ;  or,  a  Voyage  to  Bengalla, 

1638. 

8.  The  Fardle  of  Facions,  1555. 

9.  The  Conquest  of  the  grand  Canaries,  1599. 

10.  The  History  of  the  West  Indies.     A  trans,  of  P.  Mar- 

tyr's Decades. 

11.  Virginia  richly  valued,  by  the  description  of  the  maine 

land  of  Florida,  1609. 

12.  A  Discovery  of  the  Bermudas,  set  forth  by  Silvanus 

Jourdan,  1610. 

13.  A  true  copy  of  a  discourse  on  the  late  voyage  to  Spain, 

1589. 

14.  The  omissions  of  Cales  Voyage  stated  by  the  Earl  of 

Essex.     From  a  MS. 

In  the  original  edits,  uf  Hakluyt's  Collection — see  No.  3 
— which  arc  contained  in  vols,  i.,  ii.,  iii..  and  part  of  vol. 
iv.,  of  the  reprint  of  18119-12,  will  be  funnd  narratives  of 
nearly  220  voyages,  with  many  relative  documents,  con- 
sisting of  patents,  letters,  instructions,  &q.  The  first  part 
of  the  CuDection  consists  of  Voyages  to  the  North  and  the 
Northeast;  the  true  state  of  Ireland;  the  defeat  of  the 
Spanish  Armada;  the  expedition  under  the  Earl  of  Essex 
to  Cadiz,  (fee.  The  second  part  entertains  us  with  voyages 
to  the  South  and  Southeast;  and  in  the  third  portion  our 
curiosity  is  gratified  and  our  mind  enriched  by  the  account 
of  expeditions  to  North  America,  the  West  Indies,  and 
round  the  world.  Of  this  invaluable  storehouse  of  enter- 
taining, amusing,  and  instructive  matter,  and  of  its  col- 
lector, we  shall  have  more  to  say  presently.  4.  Two  Re- 
membrances of  things  to  be  undiscovered  in  Tui'key, 
touching  our  Cloathiug  and  Dying,  1592.  5.  A  Trans, 
from  the  Portugese  of  Antonio  Gulvaro's  Hist,  of  the  Dis- 
coveries of  the  World,  from  the  first  Original  to  a.d.  1555, 
1601,  4to.  6.  A  Trans,  from  the  Portugese  of  Virginia, 
richly  valued,  Ac,  1609,  4to.  Reprinted  in  Supp.  to  new 
ed.  of  Hakluyt's  Voyages,  1809-12,  5  vols.  4to.  7.  Hist, 
of  the  Travailcs,  Discouery,  and  Conquest  of  Terra  Florida, 
by  Don  Fcrdinando  de  Soto,  1611,  4to.  8.  Hakluyt's  MSS. 
Remains,  which  would  have  formed  another  vol.,  fell  into 
the  hands  of  Samuel  Purchas,  and  were  dispersed  by  him 
throughout  his  Pilgrimes,  (Hakluyt  Posthumus.)  5  vols. 
fob,  1625-26.  For  further  particulars  respecting  Hakluyt 
and  his  publications,  see  Biog.  Brit.;  Oldys's  Librarian; 
Athen.  Oxon.  j  Locke's  Explan.  Cat.  of  Voyages  prefi.xed 
to  Churchill's  Collection  of  Voyages ;  Clarke's  Progress 
of  Maritime  Discovery;  Dibdin's  Lib.  Comp. ;  Lowndes's 
Bibl.  Man. 

As  few — very  few — bibliographers  can  ever  hope  to  exult 
in  the  possession  of  a  set  of  the  Voyages  of  De  Bry,  it  is 
no  small  consolation  to  l>e  able  to  secure,  at  a  trifling  ex- 
pense, the  five  goodly  quartos,  1809-12,  which  compose 
the  Hakluyt  Collection. 

"  But  what  a  biblint^mphical  cord  am  I  striking,"  says  that 
amiable  enthusiast,  Dr.  Itjixlin.  "in  the  mention  of  thy  Travels  of 
De  Bry  I  What  a  '  Pfr''!iriii-ifi"ii'  Joes  the  possession  of  a  copy  of 
hii^  labours  imply  I  Wh;tt  toil,  diffiL-ulty.  perplexity,  anxiety,  and 
vi:xatiou  attend  the  colleptor — be  he  young  or  old — who  sets  his 
h*-art  upon  a  perfect  I>e  Bry  !  How  many  have  started  forward 
in  this  pursuit  with  pay  spirits  and  well-replenished  purses,  but 
have  turned  from  it  in  despair,  and  abandoned  it  in  utter  hope- 
lessness of  achievement!" — Library  Cbmpunvm. 

But  what  a  tempting,  yet  what  a  hydra-headed,  theme, 
have  we  almost  unconsciously  approached  !  But  we  cannot 
linger  even  over  a  dish  so  epicurean  and  highly  flavoured. 
Let  the  veritable  bibliographer,  who  longs  for  a  rich  repast, 
refer  to  the  Bibliotheca  (Jrenvilliana,  184-191.  The  grand 
eeries  of  vols,  there  described  now  reposes  in  the  British 


Museum,  and,  with  the  addition  of  those  which  were  already 
in  the  library,  may  claim  to  be  one  of  the  principal  orna- 
ments of  that  noble  institution.  But  we  are  happy  to  add 
that  the  most  complete  set  of  De  Buy  in  existence  is  in 
the  possession  of  an  American  gentleman,  Mr.  James 
Lenox,  of  New  York,  collected  by  the  anxious  toil  of  many 
of  his  agents  in  various  parts  of  the  world,  and  at  an  ex- 
pense, it  is  asserted,  of  not  less  than  £4000. 

But  to  return  to  Hakluyt:  it  is  amusing  to  observe  the 
diffidence  with  which  old  Anthony  a  Wood  ventures  a 
timid  vaticination  respecting  the  future  status  of  the  wild 
country  to  which  so  many  adventurers  recorded  by  Hak- 
luyt's industry  steered  their  barques  : 

"Which  work,"  says  Anthony,  referring  to  Hakluyt's  Collec- 
tion, "being  by  him  performed  with  great  care  and  industry, 
cannot  but  be  an  honour  to  the  realm  of  England,  because  pos- 
sil)Iy  many  ports  and  islands  iu  America,  that  are  bare  and  bar- 
ren, and  only  bear  a  name  for  the  present,  may  prove  rich  places 
iu  future  time." — Athen.  Oxon. 

Could  Anthony  now  open  his  eyes  upon  the  twenty-five 
millions  of  people  in  the  United  States,  doubtless  he  would 
claim  no  small  credit  for  his  discernment.  The  author 
of  the  Explanatory  Catalogue  of  Voyages  prefi.xed  to 
Churchill's  Collection  of  Voyages,  said  to  be  the  cele- 
brated John  Locke,  characterizes  Hakluyt's  Collection  as 

*'  Valuable  for  the  good  there  to  be  picked  out : — but  it  miyht 
be  wished  that  the  author  had  been  less  voluminous,  delivering 
what  was  really  authentic  and  useful,  and  not  stuffing  his  work 
with  so  many  stories  taken  upon  trust,  so  many  trading  voyages 
that  have  nothing  new  in  them,  so  many  warlike  exploits  not  at 
all  pertinent  to  his  undertaking,  and  such  a  multitude  of  articles, 
charters,  privileges.  letters,  relations,  and  other  things  little  to  the 
purpose  of  travels  and  discoveries." 

But  we  think  that  this  criticism  is  open  to  severe  anim- 
adversion. Every  item  excepted  against  is  a  valuable 
portion  of  the  great  whole. 

An  eminent  authority  thus  compares  the  respective 
merits  of  Hakluyt  and  Purchas  as  compilers  of  voyages: 

"We  have  in  our  own  language  as  good  and  as  bad  collections 
as  ever  were  made;  one  instance  of  each  may  sufl3ce.  Mr.  Hak- 
luyt was  an  able,  ingenious,  diligent,  accurate,  and  useful  com- 
piler; and  his  collections  are  as  valuable  as  anything  in  their 
kind;  on  the  other  hand,  I'urchas  his  Pilgrims  are  very  volumin- 
ous, and  for  the  most  part  a  very  trifling  and  insignificant  collec- 
tion :  his  manner,  for  I  cannot  call  it  method,  is  irregular  and 
confused;  his  judgment  weak  and  pedantic;  his  remarks  often 
eilly,  and  always  little  to  the  purpose.  This  shows  how  much 
depends  upon  the  care  and  skill  of  the  collector;  who  on  the  one 
hand  is  to  provide  what  may  entertain  and  please,  and  on  the 
other  is  t<i  be  careful  that  knowledge  and  instruction  be  conveyed 
with  pleasure  and  amusement." — Dr.  John  Hay^is^s  Collcc.  of 
Voyages^  Introdiic.    See  PuRCHAs,  Samuel. 

An  abstract  of  Hakluyt's  labours  will  be  found  in 
Oldys's  Brit.  Lib.,  136-158.  The  compiler  declares  that 
*'  this  elaborate  and  excellent  collection" 

"  Redounds  as  much  to  the  Glory  of  the  English  Nation,  as  any 
Book  that  ever  was  published  in  it." 

"Every  reader  conveisant  in  the  annals  of  our  naval  transac- 
tions will  cheerfully  acknowledge  the  merit  of  Richard  Hakluyt, 
who  devoted  his  studies  to  the  investigation  of  those  periods  of 
English  History  which  regard  the  improvement  of  navigation  and 
commerce.  .  .  .  Thus  animated  and  encouraged,  [by  Sir  Francis 
Walsingbam  and  Sir  Philip  Sidney.]  he  was  enabled  to  leave  to 
posterity  the  fruits  of  his  unwearied  labours — an  invaluable  trea- 
sure of  nautical  information  preserved  in  volumes  which  even  at 
this  day  afHx  to  his  name  a  brilliancy  of  reputation  which  a  series 
of  ages  can  never  efl'ace  or  obscure." — Zoiich^s  Life  of  Sir  Philip 
Sidjiei/. 

'■  Works  like  these  [Hakluyt  and  Purchas]  are  very  curious 
monuments  of  the  nature  of  human  enterprises,  human  testimony 
and  credulity — of  the  nature  of  the  human  mind  and  of  human 
affairs.  Much  more  is,  indeed,  offered  to  a  retined  and  philosophic 
observer,  though  buried  amid  this  unwieldy  and  unsightly  mass, 
than  was  ever  supposed  by  its  original  readers,  or  even  its  first 
compilers," — Prof.  Smi/th's  Lccts.  fu  M<"i.  Hist. 

"Richard  Hakluyt.  the  enlightened  fiii-nd  and  able  document- 
ary historian  of  these  commer(i:il  entcriirises,  [Voyages  to  New 
England.]  a  man  whose  fame  sh'HiM  be  vindicated  and  asserted  in 
the  land  which  he  helped  to  colonize." — Bancroft's  History  of  the 
United  Slatfs.  15th  ed.,  i.  113 :   1S54. 

The  collector  must  place  on  the  same  shelf  with  his 
Hakluyt's  Collection  the  publications  of  the  Society 
which  bears  the  honoured  name  of  the  enthusiastic  and 
laborious  compiler.  The  Hakluyt  Society  was  established 
in  1846,  and  its  publications  to  1854  are  as  follows: 

Hakluyt  Society's  Publications: 

1.  Observatious  of  Sir  R.  Hawkins  in  the  South  Sea, 
1593,  edited  by  C.  R.  D.  Bethune  :   1847. 

2.  Select  Lettersof  Columbus,  translated  by  R.  H.  Major,* 
1847. 

3.  Discovery  of  Guiana,  &q.  in  1595,  by  Sir  W.  Raleigh, 
edited  by  Sir  "H.  H.  Schomburgh  ;  1848. 

4.  Sir  F.  Drake's  Voyage,  1595,  edited  by  W.  D.  Cooley ; 
1849. 

5.  Voyages  towards  the  N.  W.  in  search  of  a  Passage  to 
Cathay  "from  1496  to  1631,  edited  by  T,  Rundall;  1849. 

755 


HAL 


6.  Stractey's  Historie  of  Travaile  into  Virginia  Britan- 
nia,  edited  from  an  original  MS.  by  R.  II.  Major;   18411. 

7.  Hakluyt.  Divers  Voyages  touching  the  Discovery 
of  America,  edited  by  J.  W.  Jones;  1850. 

8.  Memorials  of  the  Empire  of  Japan,  edited  by  T. 
Kundall. 

9.  Discovery  and  Conquest  of  Florida  by  Don  F.  de 
Soto.     Edited  by  W.B.  Rye;  1851. 

10.  Remarks  in  many  Voyages  to  Hudson's  Bay,  edited 
by  John  Barrow;   1852. 

11.  Notes  upon  Russia,  being  a  Translation  of  the 
"  Rerum  Moscoviticarum  Commentarii,"  by  Baron  Sigis- 
mund  von  Herberstein,  Ambassador  to  the  Grand  Prince 
Vasiley  Ivanovieh,  1517-26;  edited  by  R.  U.  Major, 
2  vols.;  1861,  '62. 

12.  Three  Voyages  by  the  North  East  by  the  Dutch  m 
1594-95  and '9B.  Written  by  Gerrit  de  Veer ;  edited  by 
C.  T.  Beke;  1853. 

13.  Meudoza's  History  of  the  Great  and  Mighty  King- 
dom of  China,1688 ;  edited  by  Sir  G.  Staunton,  2  vols.;  1853. 

14.  The  World  Encompassed,  by  Sir  Francis  Drake, 
1577-80;  1854. 

See  an  interesting  article  on  the  publications  of  the 
Hakluyt  Society  in  the  N.  Brit.  Rev.,  xviii.  229-242. 

IlalbrooUe,  W.,  M.D.  Profess,  con.  to  Phil.  Trans., 
1710. 

Halcomb,  J.  1.  Causes  of  Eowe  v.  Grenfell,  ic, 
Lon.,  1820,  8vo.  2.  Passing  Private  Bills,  1838,  8vo. 
Halcombe,  John,  Jr.  Peace;  an  Ode,  1814. 
HaUlane,  Alexander.  Memoirs  of  the  Lives  of 
Robert  Haldano  of  Aitbrcy  and  of  his  brother  James 
Alexander  Hald.ane,  Lon.,  1852,  8vo ;  2d  ed..  enlarged, 
same  year.     Reviewed  in  Lon.  Quar.  Rev..  April,  1856. 

■•  A  book  which  will,  in  a  future  age,  be  considered  as  deseiTing 
a  chief  place  in  the  liiosraphy  of  the  first  h.ilf  of  the  uineteeuth 
ceuturv.'" — BriU^fh  Birinifr. 

Haldaue,  Lt.-Col.  Henry.  1.  Official  Letters  to 
the  Earl  of  Chatham,  Lun.,  1S04,  Svo.  2.  Articles  of  War, 
1810,  Svo.  3.  Cou.  on  nat.  philos.  to  Nic.  Jour.,  1797,  '98, 
1800. 

Haldaue,  James  Alexander,  1763-1851,  a  native 
of  Dundee,  brother  of  Robert  Haldaue,  entered  as  mid- 
shipman on  board  an  East  Indiaman,  1785;  appointed 
Captain  of  the  Melville  Castle,  1793  ;  quitted  the  naval 
service  in  1794;  became  an  Independent  itinerant  minis- 
ter, 1797;  acted  as  pastor  at  the  Tabernacle,  Leith  Walk, 
Edinburgh,  and  laboured  with  great  zeal  and  success  until 
his  death.  1.  Social  Worship,  &,e.  of  the  First  Christians, 
Edin.,  1805,  12mo.  2.  Forbearance.  3.  Baptism.  4.  As- 
sociation of  Believers.  5.  Revelation,  2  vols.  Svo.  6.  Self- 
Examination,  18mo.  7.  Man's  Responsibility,  1842,  12mo. 
8.  Inspiration  of  the  Scriptures,  1845,  12mo.  9.  The 
Atonement,  2d  ed.,  1847,  fp.  8vo.  10.  Expos,  of  the  Epist. 
to  the  Galatians,  1S48,  fp.  Svo.  For  an  interesting  account 
of  the  life  and  labours  of  Mr.  Haldaue,  see  the  Memoirs, 
Ac.  by  Alexander  Haldaue.  nt>te. 

Haldane,  Kobert,  1704-1842,  a  brother  of  the  pre- 
ceding, entered  the  Royal  Navy.  1780,  but  retired  in 
1783,  and  became  an  Independent  itinerant  minister.  He 
laboured  with  great  zeal  for  the  propagation  of  the  Go.«pel, 
both  at  home  and  on  the  Continent.  He  expended  £30,000 
in  the  erection  of  houses  of  worship,  and  educated  300 
young  men  under  Dr.  Bogue  and  Mr.  Ewing,  as  preachers 
to  otSciate  in  thciu  and  in  other  stations.  For  an  account 
of  his  abundant  labours,  see  the  Memoirs,  Ac.  of  Alex- 
ander Haldane,  attic.  As  a  writer  he  gained  considerable 
reputation  by  the  following  works  : — 1.  The  Evidence  and 
Authority  of  Divine  Revelation,  Edin.,  1816,  2  vols.  8vo; 
3d  ed.,  1839,  2  vols.  fp.  Svo.  In  Freuch,  Montauban, 
1817,  2  vols.  12mo. 

"  This  is  a  very  excellent  book  on  the  necessity,  the  evidences, 
and  the  subject  of  revelation.  It  is  distinguished  from  most 
works  of  the  kind  by  the  excellent  views  of  t'luistiiinity  which 
it  contains,  and  the  decided  m.^nner  in  which  it  tiililiis.^cs  men 
concerning  the  salvation  of  the  gospel  and  theiiifniilr  impurtauce 
of  attending  to  their  eternal  interests." — Onttti's  Bibl.  Bib. 

2.  The  Verbal  Inspiration  of  the  Scriptures  maintained 
and  established;  the  Books  of  the  0.  and  N.  T.  proved  to 
be  Canonical,  &c.,  Edin.,  1830,  12mo  ;  6th  ed.,  lS53,12mo. 

"Mr.  llaldane's  views  of  the  subject  deserve  serious  considera- 
tion."—BictcrsW/i's  C.  & 

"Distiugui.shed  for  comprehensive  and  vigorous  thinking." — 
JjOVjitddi^s  Brit.  Lib. 

"  A  standard  work  on  the  momentous  subject  of  which  it  treats." 
—Edin.  Clttistiittt  histritcUir. 

3.  Expos,  of  tho  Epistlo  to  the  Romans,  with  Remarks 
on  the  Commentaries  of  Macknight,  Tholuck,  and  Stuart, 
Lon.,  1835,  2  vols.  12mo  ;  1842,  3  vols.  12mo;  1S52,  3  vols. 
l^mo. 


HAL 

*'Cnlvin  and  n.aldane  stand  alone — the  possessors  as  expositcrs 
of  this  Kpistle  of  nearly  equal  honours."  See  Kdin.  Presl^yteriau 
Review.  May.  1836;  Jan.  and  Nov.  1837. 

*■  Oalvinietic  and  evangelical;  answering  those  who  take  opposite 
views  in  these  points." — Bicl^ersUllt's  C.  S. 

•  .''  As  Mr.  Haldane  had  commented  rather  severely  on  Dr.  Tholuck, 
the  translator  of  the  professor's  Exposition,  [Kev.  Itobt.  Menzies.j 
in  1838,  published  an  Answer  to  Mr.  Kobert  llaldane's  Strictures, 
in  Svo.  Tholuck  rejects  the  horrtltih  liecrcttijti  of  Calvin,  which 
Mr.  Haldaue  fully  receives.  Mr.  Menzies  iias  temperately  replied 
to  his  strictures." — Ilortie's  Bibl.  Eib. 

Haldeman,  Professor  S.S.,b.  in  Lancastercounty, 

Penna.,  1812,  a  distinguished  writer  on  natural  science, 
philology,  Ac.  1.  Freshwater  Univalve  MoUusca  of  the 
United  States,  Phila.,  1840-44,  Svo. 

'■  Very  well  done  in  a  scientific  point  of  view,  and  perfectly  exe- 
cuted in  regard  to  the  plates  and  typography." — Bet^ue  Zool.,  Paris, 
1842. 

2.  Zoalogical  Contributions,  Phila.,  1842^3.  3.  Ele- 
ments of  Latin  Pronunciation,  Phila.,  1851,  12mo. 

"That  pliilosoj.hical  talent  and  tact,  so  essential  for  investiga- 
tions in  n;itui;il  s. ifiice.  which  he  is  well  known  eminently  to 
possess,  he  ttas  ln-ii-  ta-ought  to  bear  on  the  elements  of  the  Latiu 
langu.age  witti  peculiar  success." — itercf.rshurg  Jteview,  18.52. 

"  His  procedure  is  eminently  original,  and  is  precisely  the  ono 
to  lead  to  results  that  may  be  relied  oa."—Meth.  Quar.  Btv.,  Oct. 
1861. 

5.  Zoo- 


4.  Taylor's  Statistics  of  Coal,  2d  ed.,  1855,  Svo. 
logical  portion  of  Trego's  Geography  of  Penna.,  1843. 
6.  Zoological  portion  of  Rupp's  Hist,  of  Lancaster  CO., 
Penn.,  1844.  7.  Monographe  du  genre  Leptoxis;  in 
Chenu's  Illustrations  Conchyologiques,  Paris,  1847.  8. 
Cryptocephalinarnm  Boreali  America;  Diagnoses  cum  spe- 
ciebus  novis;  Trans.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.,  Phila.,  1849.  9.  On 
some  points  of  Linguistic  Ethnology,  with  Illust.  chiefly 
from  the  aboriginal  languages  of  America;  Amer.  Acad., 
Bost,,  1849.  10.  Zoology  of  the  Invertebrate  Animals,  in 
the  Iconographie  Encyc,  N.  York,  1S50.  11.  Cons,  to  N. 
York  Lit.  World,  1852-53.  12.  Cons.,  about  80  papers,  of 
which  a  list  is  given  in  Agassiz's  Bibliographia  Zoologia;, 
chiefly  in  natural  sciences,  in  the  publications  of  the  Amer. 
Sci.  Assoc;  Amer.  Acad.,  Bost,;  Amer.  Phil.  Soc. ;  Acad. 
Nat.  Sci.,  Phila. ;  U.  S.  Agr.  Soc. ;  Silliman's  Jour. ;  Quar. 
Jour,  of  Agr.,  Albany;  and  Penna.  Farm  Jour.,  of  which 
he  edited  vol.  i. 

Hale.  Sin  against  the  Holy  Ghost,  1677,  Svo. 
Hale,  Mrs.  Poetical  Attempts,  Lon.,  1800,  Svo. 
Hale,  Ben.jamin,  D.D.,  b.  1797,  at  Newburyport, 
Mass.,  grad.  at  Bowdoin  Coll.,  1S18.  1.  Introduc.  to  the 
Mechanical  Principles  of  Carpentry,  Bost,  1827,  Svo. 
2.  Scrip.  Illust.  of  the  Liturgy  of  the  Prot.  Epis.  Church, 
1835,  12mo. 

Hale,  Charles,  b.  1831,  in  Boston,  Mass.,  a  son  of 
Nathan  Hale,  LL.D.,  grad.  at  Harvard  Coll.,  Cambridge, 
1850,  author  of  several  pamphlets;  contributor  to  the  N. 
Amer.  Rev.,  and  the  Amer.  Almanac;  in  1862  established 
and  edited  To-Day,  a  Boston  Literary  Journal,  which  was 
pub.  for  one  year.  Mr.  H.  is  now  junior  editor  of  the 
Boston  Daily  Advertiser,  the  oldest  daily  in  Boston,  having 
been  pub.  and  edited  by  Mr.  H.'s  father  (the  senior  editor) 
from  March  1,  1814.  to  the  present  time,  1858. 

Hale,  David,  1791-1S49,  a  native  of  Lisbon,  Conn., 
editor  of  the  New  Y^ork  Journal  of  Commerce  from  its 
commencement  in  1827  until  his  death,  was  a  vigorous 
writer,  and  a  man  of  great  excellence  of  character.  See 
notices  of  his  life  and  writings  in  tho  Christian  Examiner, 
xlviii.  282,  by  A.  P.  Peabody;  Liv.  Age,  xx.  373;  N.  Eng., 
Tiii.  129. 

Hale,  Edward  Everett,  a  son  of  Nathan  Hale,LL.D., 
b,  1822,  in  Boston,  M,ass.,  grad.  at  Harvard  Coll.,  Camb., 
1839 ;  pastor  of  the  Church  of  the  Unity  at  Worcester,  Mass., 
till  1866,  and  of  tho  South  Congregational  Church,  Boston, 
since  that  time.  1.  The  Rosary,  Bost.,  1848, 12mo,  pp.  290. 
2.  Margaret  Percival  in  America,  1850,  12mo,  pp.  284.  3. 
Sketches  of  Christian  History,  1850,  12mo,  pp.  230.  4. 
Kansas  and  Nebraska,  1856,  12mo,  pp.  256,  and  a  map. 
Editor  of  the  Boston  ed.  of  Lingard's  Hist,  of  England,  of  tho 
Christian  Examiner,  author  of  many  pamphlets  on  theolog. 
and  polit.  subjects,  and  contributor  to  many  of  the  leading 
Reviews. 

Hale,  Enoch,  M.D.,  b.  1790,  took  tho  degree  of 
M.D.  at  Harvard  University,  1813,  and  entered  imme- 
diately upon  the  practice  of  medicine  at  Gardiner,  Maine, 
which  he  continued  at  that  place  with  distinguished  success 
until  the  year  1816,  and  from  that  time  to  his  death  in 
Boston,  Nov.  12,  1814.  He  was  an  active  member  of  tho 
Massachusetts  Medical  Society  and  of  the  American  Aca- 
demy of  Arts  and  Sciences,  and  during  the  active  practice 
of  his  protijssion  he  contributed  to  the  cause  of  medical 
science  by  several  independent  publications  of  high  author- 


HAL 


HAL 


ity,  and  by  frequent  essays   and  papers  in  tlie  medical 
journals. 

Hale,  Horatio,  a  son  of  Mrs.  Sarah  J.  Hale,  gradu- 
ated at  Harvard  College  iu  1S37,  where  he  was  so  highly 
distinguished  for  his  aptitude  iu  the  acquisition  of  lan- 
guages, that  whilst  still  an  undergraduate  he  was  selected 
to  fill  the  post  of  philologist  t<'  the  United  States  Exploring 
Expedition  commanded  by  CupUiin  Willtes.  The  result 
of  his  learned  investigations  will  be  found  in  vol.  vii. — 
Ethnography  and  Philology — of  the  series  of  works  which 
compose  the  history  of  that  noble  enterprise.  Jlr.  Hale's 
intelligent  labours  have  elicited  warm  commendation  from 
highly  respectable  authorities,  both  at  home  and  abroad. 
The  distinguished  English  philologist,  Dr.  Latham,  iu  his 
recent  work  on  the  Natural  History  and  Varieties  of  Man, 
remarks  that  Mr.  Hale's  work  contains  "tho  greatest  mass 
of  philological  data  ever  accumulated  by  a  single  inquirer." 
The  following  lines  give  perhaps  as  good  an  account  of  this 
great  work  as  could  be  conveyed  in  a  brief  description : 

*■  The  first  2'2d  pages  are  devoted  to  Ethnography,  or  an  account 
of  the  customs,  religion,  civil  polity,  and  origin  of  the  cations  of 
the  several  countries  and  islauds  visited  by  the  Expedition.  The 
remaining  44U  pages  comprise  the  I'hjlulogy  of  the  sauio  regions. 
The  various  dialects  of  I'olynesiu  are  treated  of  under  the  general 
head  of  a  comparntive  grammar  of  I'olynesia,  followed  by  a  I'oly- 
nesian  lexicon.  The  languages  of  the  Fejee  Islands,  the  Kiugs- 
mill-s  Kotuma,  Australia,  and  northwest  coast  of  America,  and 
some  dialects  of  Patagouia  and  youthern  Africa,  come  next  under 
consideration.  We  feel  assured  that  a  glance  at  the  work  will  ex- 
cite surprise  in  all  at  the  amount  of  information  collected,  and 
pleasure  at  the  system  and  perspicuity  with  which  the  whole  is 
presented." — Avier.  Jour,  of  Scieiia:. 

An  interesting  account  of  Mr.  Hale  and  his  work  will  be 
found  in  the  North  American  Review  for  July,  1846,  to 
which  we  must  refer  our  reader.  It  is  no  slight  praise  to 
award  an  author  that  he  has 

"Succeeded  iu  giving  a  certain  classical  completeness  to  his 
work,  wiiich  makes  it  a  model  fnr  future  labourers  in  the  s;ime  or 
in  similar  fields  of  research.  The  style  of  this  volume  is  marked 
by  rare  excellences,  and  those  of  the  highest  order.  It  is  terse, 
compact,  and  business-like,  to  a  remarkable  degree.  ...  It  is  a 
transparent  medium  of  expression  for  a  richly-informed,  clear- 
thiukiug,  sti-aight  forward  mind;  it  presents  the  meaning  of  the 
writer  strongly  and  directly  to  the  mind  of  the  reader,  instructing 
while  it  gratifies." — N.  Amm:  Rev.:  ulii  supra. 

After  the  completion  of  this  work  Mr.  Hale  visited  Eu- 
rope and  other  portions  of  the  Eastern  Continent,  and  on 
his  return  was  admitted  to  the  bar.  He  is  now  engaged 
in  the  duties  of  his  profession,  but  occasionally  steals  an 
hour  from  his  briefs  to  contribute  a  prize  essay  ou  his 
favourite  theme  to  some  periodical  in  this  country  or  in 
Great  Britain. 

Hale,  John.  Surgical  Case,  Lon.,  1787,  8vo. 
Hale,  Sir  Matthew,  1H(J9-1676,  one  of  the  most 
eminent  ui  lawyers  and  excellent  of  men.  was  a  native  of 
Alderlcy,  Gloucestershire,  entered  Magdalen  Hall,  Oxford, 
1626,  and  admitted  of  Lincoln's  Inn,  1629.  He  refused  to 
take  any  part  in  the  political  troubles  of  his  time,  though 
strongly  opposed  to  the  murder  of  Charles  I.  In  1652  he 
■was  one  of  those  appointed  to  efiect  a  reformation  of  the 
law,  and  iu  the  next  year  was  by  writ  made  sergeant-at-law, 
and  one  of  the  judges  of  the  Common  Bench.  Upon  the 
Restoration,  Charles  II.,  in  1660.  made  him  Chief-Bardu 
of  the  Exchequer,  and  in  1671  he  was  promoted  to  the 
high  dignity  of  Lord  Chief- Justice  of  England.  Eor  the 
particulars  respecting  his  life,  and  legal,  theological,  and 
scientific  publications,  we  refer  to  authorities  cited  below, 
and  also  to  a  recent  publication — Memoirs  of  the  Life, 
Character,  and  Writings  of  Sir  M.  Hale,  by  J.  B.  Williams, 
Lon.,  1835,  12mo. 

"A  volume  which  clearly  and  agreeably  presents  the  legal  rise 
and  progress  of  a  great  lawyer  and  worthy  man.  The  book  should 
of  necessity  occupy  a  place  in  the  lilaary-shelf  devoted  to  British 
worthies." — Lon.  and  Wxatminister  Rev. 

A  collective  ed.  of  his  Moral  and  Religious  Works,  now 
first  Collected  and  Revised,  edited  by  the  Rev.  T.  Thirl- 
wall,  with  the  Life  by  Bishop  Burnet,  and  an  Appendix, 
etc.,  Lon.,  1S05,  2  vols.  8vo.  A  new  ed.  has  been  pub. 
Among  his  best-known  miscellaneous  works  are  his  Con- 
templations, The  Primitive  Origination  of  Mankind,  The 
Knowledge  of  Christ  Crucified,  (new  ed.,  by  the  Rev. 
David  Young,  Glasg.,  1828,  12mo,)  and  his  Letters  to  his 
Children.  Several  of  his  minor  works  have  been  sepa- 
rately republished  within  the  last  few  years.  Of  his  law 
treatises — one  only  of  which.  London  Liberty,  was  pub.  in 
his  lifetime — the  following  are  the  principal.  1.  Jurisdic- 
tion of  Parliaments,  Lon.,  17'I7,  8vo.  2.  The  Jurisdiction 
of  the  Lords'  House  of  Parliament,  by  F.  Hargrave,  1796, 
4to.  3.  Pleas  of  the  Crown,  7th  ed.,  1773,  8vo.  An  in- 
correct summary,  and  not  intended  by  the  author  for  the 
press,  but  as  a  sketch  or  plan  of  the  following  work.     4. 


Historia  Placitorum  Corona; ;  the  Hist,  of  the  Pleas  of  the 
Crown  :  fir^t  pub.,  from  the  author's  MS.,  by  S.  Emlyn, 
1736-39,  2  vols,  fol.;  2d  ed.,  by  (J.  Wilson,  1778,  2  vols. 
8vo;  3d  ed.,  by  Thos.  Doghcrty,  ISUO,  2  vols.  Svo;  1st 
Amer.  ed.,  by  W.  A.  Stokes  and  E.  IngersoU,  Phila.,  1847, 
2  vols.  8vo. 

*'The  following  Treatise,  being  the  genuine  offspring  of  that 
truly  learned  and  worthy  Judge,  Sir  Matthew  Hale,  stands  in 
need  of  no  other  recommendation  than  what  that  great  and  good 
name  will  always  carry  along  with  it.  Whoever  is  in  the  least 
ac'iuainted  with  the  extensive  learning,  the  solid  judgment,  the 
indefatigable  labours,  and,  above  all,  the  unshaken  integrity,  of 
the  author,  cannot  but  highly  esteem  whatever  comes  from  so 
valuable  a  hand." — From  Eiiilyii's  Preface. 

To  the  Pleas  of  the  Crown  should  be  added — And.  Anos'a 
Ruins  of  Time  exemplified  in  Sir  M.  Hale's  Hist,  of  the 
Pleas  of  the  Crown,  1856,  Svo. 

5.  The  Hist,  of  the  Common  Law  of  England,  and  an 
Analysis  of  the  Civil  Part  of  the  Law;  6th  ed..  with  a 
Life  of  the  Author,  by  Chas.  Runningtou,  1820,  Svo. 
Serjeant  Runuington's  notes  are  of  great  value. 

"  So  authuritzitive  an  History  of  the  Common  Law  of  England, 
written  by  so  learned  an  author,  requires  neither  preface  nor  com- 
mendation. It  has  ever  been  justly  held  in  the  highest  estima- 
tion, and,  like  the  virtues  of  its  author,  been  universally  admired 
and  venerated.  Here  the  student  will  find  a  valuable  guide,  the 
barrister  a  learned  assistant,  the  court  an  indisputable  authority." 
— Serjeant  IIunnington. 

6.  Sheriffs'  Accounts,  The  Trial  of  Witches,  and  Provi- 
sion for  the  Poor.  These  three  tracts  were  separately 
pub.  Sec  Biog.  Brit.;  Granger's  Biog.  Hist.;  Life  by 
Burnet;  Life  by  Runnington  ;  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit;  Life  and 
Letters  of  Judge  Story ;  Lowndes's  Leg.  Bibl.,  and  the 
authorities  there  cited. 

There  are  few  more  illustrious  names  on  the  roll  of 
British  history  than  that  of  Sir  Matthew  Hale: 

"  Sir  Samuel  Sheperd  mentioned  him  as  the  most  learned  man 
that  ever  adui  ned  the  bench  ;  the  most  even  man  that  ever  blessed 
domestic  life;  the  most  eminent  man  that  ever  adorned  the  pro- 
gress of  science;  and  also  one  of  the  best  and  most  purely  reli- 
gious men  that  ever  lived.  .  .  .  Lord  Northington  pronounced 
him  one  of  the  ablest  and  most  learned  judges  that  ever  adorned 
the  profession.  Mr.  Justice  Grose  declared  he  was  one  of  the  most 
able  lawyers  that  ever  sat  in  Westminster;  as  correct,  as  learned, 
and  as  humane  a  judge  as  ever  graced  the  bench  of  justice.  Lord 
Keoyon  said  that  the  operations  of  his  vast  mind  always  called 
for  the  greatest  attention  to  any  work  that  bears  his  name;  • .  .  . 
and  mentioned  him  as  one  of  the  greatest  and  best  men  that  ever 
sat  in  judgment."' 

"  With  respect  to  Lord  Hale,  it  is  needless  to  remind  those  whom 
I  am  nuw  addressing,  of  the  general  character  for  learning  and 
legal  knowledge,  of  that  person,  of  whom  it  was  said,  that  what  was 
not  known  by  him  was  not  known  by  any  other  person  who  pre- 
ceded or  followed  him;  and  that  what  he  knew,  he  knew  better 
than  any  other  person  who  preceded  or  followed  him." — Chief- 
Justice  Dallas. 

"A  luminous  order  in  the  distribution  of  subjects,  an  uncom- 
monness  of  materials  for  curious  records  and  manuscripts,  a  pro- 
foundness of  remark,  a  command  of  perspicuous  and  forcible 
language,  with  a  guarded  reserve  iu  offering  opinions  on  great 
controverted  points  of  law  and  the  constitution,  characterized  the 
writings  of  Judge  Hale."— //-(c^rares  Tracts,  Pref. 

Having  offered  the  opinions  of  so  many  legal  luminaries 
in  evidence,  we  may  now  be  permitted  to  adduce  the  testi- 
mony of  two  distinguished  divines: 

'•  His  writings  have  raised  him  a  character  equal  to  his  greatest 
predecessors,  and  will  always  be  esteemed  as  coutaiuing  the  best 
rationale  of  the  grounds  of  the  law  of  England.  Nor  was  he  an 
inconsiderable  master  of  polite,  philosophical,  and  especially  theo- 
logical, learning." — De.  Birch  :  Lif-  of  Archbishop  TiUoisou. 

■' He  was  most  precisely  just;  insomuch  that  I  believe  he  would 
have  lost  all  he  had  in  the  world  rather  than  do  an  unjust  act: 
p:itient  in  hearing  the  most  tedious  speech  which  any  man  had  to 
make  for  himself;  the  pillar  of  justice,  the  refuge  of  the  subject 
who  feared  oppression,  and  one  of  the  greatest  honours  of  his 
majesty's  government;  for.  with  some  other  upright  judges,  he 
upheld  the  honour  of  the  English  nation,  that  it  fell  not  into  the 
reproach  of  arbitrariness,  cruelty,  and  utter  confusion.  Every 
man  that  had  a  just  cause  was  almost  past  fear  if  he  could  but 
bring  it  to  the  court  or  assize  where  he  was  judge ;  for  the  other 
judges  seldom  contradicted  him.  .  .  .  T,  who  begird  and  read  his 
serious  expressions  of  the  concernments  of  eternity,  and  saw  his 
love  to  all  good  men,  and  the  blamelessness  of  his  life,  thought 
better  of  his  piety  than  my  own." — Richard  Baxter. 

This  is  indeed  a  noble  tribute  from  a  noble  source. 
The  glowing  eulogium  of  Cowper  must  not  be  entirely 
unnoticed  : 

"  In  whom 

Our  British  Themis  gloried  with  just  cause, 

Immortal  Hale!  for  deep  discernment  praised. 

And  sound  integrity,  not  mure  than  tamed 

For  sanctity  of  manners  undefiled." 

The  Tasl;  book  iii. 

And  here  we  might  enlarge,  did  our  space  permit,  upon 
the  distinguishing  traits  of  the  piety  of  this  truly  excel- 
lent man: — his  reverence  for  the  Word  of  God;  his  strict 
observance  of  the  day  more  especially  set  apart  for  the 
public  worship  of  the  Supreme  Being ;  his  conscieutious- 

757 


HAL 


nAL 


ness  in  carrying  out  in  every-daj  fiffairs  the  spirit  of  tbnse  ' 
Resolves,  which,  he  adopted  as  the  Law  of  his  Life ; — but 
the  secret  spring  of  his  piety  is  best  told  by  himself  in  a 
few  words  of  solid  wisdom  and  certain  truth,  which  we 
cannot  too  earnestly  commend  to  the  heart  and  conscience  i 
of  the  thoughtful  reader:  j 

"  Any  man  that  sincerely  and  truly  fears  Almi-^hty  God,  and  [ 
calls  and  relies  upon  him  f)i-his  direction,  has  it  as  really  as  a  Bon  ' 
has  the  counsel  and  direction  of  his  father;  and  tbnusli  the  voice 
be  not  audible  nor  discernible  by  sense,  yet  it  is  equally  as  real  as 
if  a  man  heard  a  voice  saying,  'This  is  the  way,  walk  ye  in  it.' " 

Hale,  Nathan,  LL.D.,  b.  17S4,  at  AVcstbampton, 
Mass.,  grad.  at  Williams  College,  1804;  admitted  to  the 
Massachusetts  Bar.  1810  ;  editor  of  the  Boston  Weekly 
Messenger,  1811-14;  editor  and  publisher  of  the  Boston 
Daily  Advertiser,  (the  first  daily  established  in  Boston,) 
1814  to  the  present  time,  1S5S  ;  editor  and  publisher  of 
the  Monthly  Chronicle,  1840-42.  Mr.  H.'s  name  is  well 
known  in  connexion  with  his  Map  of  New  England,  a 
standard  geographical  authority,  first  pub.  in  1825,  and 
reprinted  from  time  to  time  with  the  necessary  revisions. 
In  1816  Mr.  Hale  was  married  to  Sarah  Preston  Everett, 
a  daughter  of  Judge  Oliver  Everett,  of  Dorchester,  Mass., 
and  sister  of  Edward  Everett,  the  distinguished  American 
orator,  scholar,  and  statesman.  Mr.  Hale  was  a  contri- 
butor to  many  of  the  early  numbers  of  the  North  Ame- 
rican Review,  and  has  fur  the  last  furty-two  years  contri- 
buted many  valuable  articles  to  the  Boston  Daily  Advertiser 
on  questions  of  polities,  political  economy,  and  internal 
improvements.  Ac.  Nathan  Hale  was  among  the  first  to 
make  known  in  this  country  the  importance  of  the  great 
railroad-improvement,  and  earnestly  urged  its  immediate 
introduction  into  Massachusetts  by  effective  legislative  aid. 
He  was  the  acting  President  of  the  Massachusetts  Board 
of  Internal  Improvement,  under  whose  superintendence  the 
first  surveys  were  made  for  a  system  of  railroads  for  the 
State;  and  he  was  the  first  President  of  the  Boston  and 
Worcester  Railroad,  one  of  the  pioneer  works  of  that  kind, 
in  which  office  he  took  an  active  part  iu  the  original  con- 
struction and  extended  improvements  of  that  work  and  its 
branches,  and  in  digesting  its  system  of  operations.  As  a 
member  (repeatedly  elected)  of  both  branches  of  the  Legis- 
lature of  Massachusetts.  Mr.  Hale  has  rendered  important 
service  to  his  constituents.  Ue  was  also  chairman  of  the 
Board  of  Commissioners  by  whose  labours  the  people  of 
Boston  are  supplied  with  pure  water;  and  few  men  have 
contributed  more  largely  to  the  physical  wealth  of  Massa- 
chusetts, and  to  the  improvement  of  the  city  which  claims 
him  as  one  of  the  most  valuable  of  her  ad<ipted  sons. 

Hale,  Nathan,  Jr.,  son  of  the  above,  b.  in  Boston, 
1818,  grad.  at  Harvard  University,  1838;  admitted  to 
practice  in  the  courts  of  Mass.,  1841;  editor  of  Boston 
Miscellany  of  Literature,  1842;  co-editor  of  Boston  Daily 
Advertiser,  1842-53. 

Hale,  Philip,  of  Hatcham,  Surrey.  Serm.,  Lon., 
1847,  Svo. 

Hale,  Richard,  M.D.  Profess,  con.  to  Phil.  Trans., 
1701,  '20. 

Hale,  Salma,  Member  of  Congress  for  New  Hamp- 
shire. 1.  Hist,  of  the  United  States,  Lon.,  1826,  Svo.  See 
Lon.  Month.  Rev.,  cix.  123.  2.  Annals  of  the  Town  of 
Keene,  N.  H.,  1736-90,  Concord,  1826,  8vo.  New  ed., 
with  a  continuation  to  1S15,  Keene,  1851,  Svo.  3.  Hist, 
of  the  U.  States  for  Schools,  N.  York,  1840,  2  vols.  24mo. 

"  As  far  as  we  have  observed,  Mr.  Hale  has  executed  his  task 
with  fidelity  and  skill.  The  materials  appear  to  be  drawn  from 
authentic  sources,  and  the  simple  and  lucid  style  places  the  book 
within  the  comprehension  of  all  classes  of  readers.  But  the 
principle  of  arrant^ement  Is  a  faulty  one;  for  the  history  of  each 
colony  stands  by  itself,  being  carried  on  without  interruption  from 
its  orif^iu  to  the  war  of  1756." — A'.  Ante):  Bev.,  liii.  249. 

Hale,  Mrs,  Sarah  Josepha,  formerly  Miss  Biiell, 
of  Newport,  New  Hampshire,  is  the  widow  of  David  Hale, 
a  distinguished  lawyer,  who  died  at  an  early  age  in  1S22. 
In  1828  Mrs.  Hale  became  the  editor  of  The  Ladies'  Maga- 
zine, pub.  at  Boston,  and  discharged  the  duties  of  this 
responsible  position  until  1837,  when  this  periodical  was 
united  with  the  Lady's  Book  of  Philadelphia.  With  this 
well-known  and  truly  popular  magazine  Mrs.  Hale  has 
ever  since  been  connected,  and  since  1838  she  has  been  a 
resident  of  Phila.  The  following  list  of  this  lady*s  pro- 
ductions evinces  an  extraordinary  amount  of  literary 
industry;  1.  The  Genius  of  Oblivion,  and  other  Original 
Poems,  Concord,  1823.  2.  Northwood;  a  Novel,  Bost., 
1827,  2  vols.  Repuh.  in  London  ;  also  in  N.  York,  iu  1862, 
12mo.  3.  Sketches  of  American  Character,  Phila.,  18mo. 
4.  Traits  of  American  Life,  1835,  2  vols.  12mo.  5.  Flora's 
Interpreter,  Bost.  Reprinted  in  London.  6.  The  Ladies' 
Wreath.  Boat.,  12mo.  7.  The  Way  to  Live  Well  and  to  be 
7S3 


Well  while  we  Live.  8.  Grosvcnor;  a  Tragedy,  1S33. 
U.  Alice  Rny;  a  Romance  in  Rhyme,  1846,  IU.  Harry 
Guy,  the  Widow's  Son;  in  verse,  Bost.,  1848,  11.  Throe 
Hours;  or,  The  Vigil  of  Love,  and  other  Poems,  Phila., 
1S4-S.  12.  The  Poet's  Offering;  edited  by  Mrs.  Hale, 
Phila.  13.  Miss  Acton's  Cookery;  edited  by  Mrs.  Hale. 
14.  Ladies*  New  Book  of  Cookery  and  Complete  House- 
keeper. New  ed.,  N.  York,  1852,  12mo.  15.  A  Complete 
Dictionary  of  Poetical  Quotations,  Phila.,  1852,  Svo. 
^G.  The  Judge;  a  Drama  of  American  Life.  17.  New 
Household  Receipt-Book,  1853,  12mo.  18.  Woman's  Re- 
cord; or,  Sketches  of  Distinguished  Women  from  "the 
Beginning  till  a.d.  1850,"  N.  York,  1853,  Svo.  New  ed., 
1856.  This  work,  by  far  the  most  important  of  Mrs. 
Hale's  productions,  though  in  some  points  open  to  criti- 
cism, may  yet  be  justly  commended  as  an  invaluable 
manual  for  the  library -shelf  and  the  parlour-table.  19.  Li- 
beria, or  Mr.  Peyton's  Experiments;  edited  by  Mrs.  Hale, 
1853,  12mo.  20.  The  Bible  Reading-Book,  Phila.,  1854, 
12mo.  21.  The  Letters  of  Mme.  de  Sevigne  to  her 
Daughter  and  Friends,  N.  York,  1856,  12mo.  The  merits 
of  this  charming  writer  have  elicited  the  enthusiastic 
commendations  of  the  highest  authorities: 

"Madame  de  SeTi-^n6  shines  both  in  grief  and  gayety;  every 
para;;rapb  has  novelty;  her  allusions,  her  applications,  are  tho 
happiest  possible.  She  has  the  art  of  making  you  acquainted  with 
all  her  acquaintance,  and  attaches  you  even  to  the  spots  she  in- 
habited. .  .  .  Madame  de  Sevi^xne's  language  is  correct,  though 
unstudied;  and  when  her  mind  is  full  of  any  great  event,  she 
interests  you  with  the  warmth  of  a  dramatic  writer,  not  with  tha 
chilling  impartiality  of  an  historian." — IlnRAf-E  Walpole. 

'■She  has  so  tilled  my  heart  with  affectionate  interest  in  her  as 
a  living  friend,  that  I  can  scarcely  bring  myself  to  think  of  her  as 
being  a  writer,  or  having  a  style;  she  has  become  a  celebrated 
probably  an  immortal,  writer,  without  expecting  it." — Sm  J.  Mack- 
intosh. 

22.  The  Letters  of  Lady  Mary  W.  Montagu,  1856, 12mo. 

In  addition  to  the  labours  here  enumerated,  Mrs.  Ualo 
has  edited  several  Annuals, — The  Opal,  The  Crocus,  Ac, — 
prepared  a  number  of  books  for  the  young,  and  contributed 
enough  matter,  in  the  way  of  tales,  essays,  and  poems,  to 
fill  several  large  volumes.  It  is  certainly  high  praise  ac- 
corded to  this  lady,  in  a  review  of  her  poetry,  by  a  critic 
of  her  own  sex  : 

'■A  religious  spirit  breathes  through  the  whole.  It  is  plain  that 
Mrs.  Hale's  constant  aim  is  to  show  the  true  source  of  strength 
and  cheeifulufss  amid  the  trials  of  life,  and  to  inspire  the  hope 
that  looks  beyond  it." — Mrs.  E.  F.  Ellet  :  jV.  Amcr.  Jiei\,  IsTiii.  i-22. 

For  critical  reviews  of  her  productions  we  refer  the 
reader  to  Griswold's  Female  Poets  of  America;  Amer. 
Month.  Rev.,  iv.  239;  Phila.  Lady's  Book,  1850;  an  article 
by  Mrs.  E.  F.  Ellet,  entitled  Female  Poets  of  America,  in 
N.  Amer.  Rev.,  Ixviii.  413-436.  We  append  a  short  extract 
from  the  first  of  the  above-named  authorities : 

"Mrs.  Hale  has  a  ready  command  of  pure  and  idiomatic  Eng- 
lish, and  her  style  has  frequently  a  masculine  strength  and  energy. 
She  has  not  much  creative  power,  but  she  excels  in  the  aggi-ega- 
tion  and  artistical  disposition  of  cnnimou  and  appropriate  imagery. 
She  has  evidently  been  all  her  life  a  student;  and  there  has  t>eea 
a  perceptible  and  constant  improvement  in  her  writings  ever  since 
her  first  appearance  as  an  author.  .  .  .  They  are  all  indicative  of 
sound  principles,  and  of  kindness,  knowledge,  and  judgment."— 
Griswokl's  Fanale.  I\xts  o/  America. 

Hale,  Thomas.  Shipbuilding,  etc.,  Lon.,  1691, 18mo, 

Hale,  Thomas.  1.  A  Compleat  Body  of  Husbandry, 
Lon.,  1756,  fol.  2.  Eden;  or,  Compleat  Body  of  Garden- 
ing, 1757,  fol. 

Hale,  Wm.  Treatises  on  the  Poor,  Female  Peni- 
tentiaries, <tc.,  Lon.,  1804,  '09,  12mo. 

Hale,  Wm.,  Archdeacon  of  London.  1.  Clerical 
Funds,  Lon.,  1826,  Svo.  2.  Church  Rates,  1841,  r.  Svo. 
3.  Precedents  in  Eccles.  Cts.,  1847,  r.  8vo.  4.  Sick  Man's 
Guide,  2d  ed.,  1846,  Svo.  5.  In  conjunction  with  Bp. 
Lonsdale,  The  Four  Gospels,  with  Annotations,  1849,  4to. 

Halc8,  Charles.  Two  treat,  on  the  V.  Disease, 
1763,  '70. 

Hales,  Charles.  1.  The  Bank  Mirror,  1796,  Svo. 
2.  Finances  of  this  Country,  1797,  Svo. 

Hales,  James.     24  Serms.,  1766,  2  vols.  Svo. 

Hales,  or  Hayles,  John,  an  eminent  scholar,  d. 
1572.  1.  Trans,  of  Plutarche  on  Healthe,  Lon.,  1543, 
16mo.  2.  Introduc.  ad  Grammat.  3.  High  Way  to  No- 
bility, 4to.  4.  Succession  of  the  Crown  of  Eng.,  1563,  4to. 
In  favour  of  the  House  of  Suffolk.  It  was  answered  by 
Bp.  Lesley  in  A  Treat,  of  the  Honour  of  Marie,  now 
Queene  of  Scotland,  Leige,  1571,  Svo. 

"Yet  so  it  was  that  he  [HalesJ  having  a  happy  memory,  accom- 
panied with  incredible  industry,  became  admirably  well  skill'd  iu 
the  Lat.,  fJreek.  and  Hebrew  tongues,  and  at  length  in  the  muni- 
cipal laws  and  antiquities." — Atlien.  Oxnn. 

Hales,  John,  The  Ever-Memorable,  1584-1656, 
a  famous  scholar  and  divine,  a  native  of  Bath,  was  entered 


HAL 


HAL 


of  Corpus  Christi  Coll.,  Oxf.,  1697;  elected  Fellow  of  Mer- 
ton  College,  1606;  Fellow  of  Eton  College,  1613;  attended 
the  Synod  of  Dort  in  1618,  and  there  became  a  convert  to 
Armiuianism  through  the  argument  of  Episcopius  ;  Canon 
of  Windsor,  1639  ;  ejected  in  the  Rebellion.  His  writings 
principally  consist  of  sermons,  theological  tracts,  para- 
phrases of  portions  of  Scripture,  and  letters.  He  was  so 
modest  that  during  his  lifetime  he  permitted  nothing  of 
his  to  be  published  save  an  oration  delivered  at  the  funeral 
of  Sir  Thomas  Bodley,  a  treatise  upon  schism,  and  one  or 
two  sermons.  Three  years  after  bis  death  a  collective  ed. 
of  many  of  his  pieces  was  pub.,  under  the  title  of  Golden 
Remaines,  Lon.,  1659,  8vo;  1673,  4to;  1688,  8vo.  The  1st 
ed.  coDt4iius  nine  sermons,  letters  and  miscellanies.  The  2d 
ed.  was  enlarged  by  the  addition  of  four  more  sermons. 
In  1765  Lord  Hailes  pub.  Hales's  Whole  Works,  now  first 
collected  together,  3  vols.  sm.  8vo.  With  a  want  of  taste 
which  we  are  at  a  loss  to  understand  in  so  eminent  an 
antiquary,  Lord  Hailes  committed  the  gross  error  of 
modernizing  his  author's  language.  For  this  he  is  pro- 
perly censured  by  Dr.  Johnson  : 

"An  author's  language.  Sir,  is  a  characteristic  part  of  his  compo- 
sition, and  is  also  characteristic  of  the  age  iu  which  he  writes. 
Besides,  Sir,  when  the  language  is  changed,  we  are  not  sure  that 
the  sense  is  the  same.  No.  Sir;  I  am  sorry  Lord  Hailes  has  done 
this." — BosweWs  Life  of  Johnson. 

We  have  already  expressed  our  views  upon  this  subject 
in  our  article  on  Chaucer :  see  p.  364.  Respecting  the 
works  of  Hales,  an  authority  of  eminence  remarks: 

"Their  merits  are  unequal.  The  best  seem  to  be  his  discourse 
on  Schism,  that  on  the  abuse  of  hard  places  of  Scripture,  and  his 
letters  to  Sir  Dudley  Carleton.  from  the  Synod  of  Dort,  in  which 
he  gives  a  good  account  of  that  far-famed  convention.  Ue  was 
evidently  a  man  superior  to  many  of  the  prejudices  of  his  age;  but 
if  the  reader's  expectations  are  raised  very  greatly  by  his  bi^h- 
sounding  title  and  the  testimonies  referred  to,  he  will  prnlialily 
be  disappointed  even  by  his  Golden  Remains."— Or/ztf's  Bibl.  Bib. 

But  surely  it  does  not  follow  that  all  of  a  man's  wisdom 
finds  its  way  into  his  books.  As  regards  the  comprehen- 
siveness and  accuracy  of  his  learning,  we  have  the  most 
abundant  testimony.  Lord  Clarendon,  Lord  Say  and 
Seal,  Bishop  Pearson,  Dr.  Heylin,  Andrew  Marvel,  An- 
thony a  Wood,  Bishop  Stillingfleet,  and  Bishop  Hoadley, 
— '*  the  testimonies"  referred  to  by  Orme, — were  not  men 
to  err  in  a  matter  of  this  kind. 

"A  man  of  as  great  a  sharpness,  quickness,  and  subtility  of  wit, 
as  ever  this  or  perhaps  any  nation  bred.  His  industry  did  strive, 
if  it  were  possible,  to  equal  the  largeness  of  his  capacity,  whereby 
he  became  as  great  a  master  of  polite,  various,  and  universal  learn- 
ing, as  ever  yet  conversed  with  books.  .  .  .  While  he  lived,  none 
was  ever  more  solicited  and  urged  to  write,  and  thereliy  truly 
teach  the  world,  than  he;  but  none  was  ever  so  resolved,  pardon 
the  expression,  so  obstinate,  against  it." — Bishop  Pearson. 

"Thro'  the  whole  course  of  his  bachelorship  there  was  never  any 
one  in  the  then  memory  of  man  (so  I  have  been  informed  by  cer- 
tain seniors  of  that  coll.  at  my  first  coming  thereunto)  that  ever 
went  beyond  him  for  subtle  disputations  in  philosophy,  for  his 
eloquent  declamations  and  orations,  as  also  his  exact  knowledge 
in  the  Greek  tongue,  evidently  demonstrated  afterwards,  not  only 
when  he  read  the  Greek  lecture  in  that  coll.,  but  also  the  public 
lecture  of  that  tongue  in  the  schools.  ...  lie  was  a  man  highly 
esteemed  by  learned  men  beyond  and  within  the  seas,  from  whom 
he  seldom  fail'd  to  receive  letters  every  week,  wherein  his  judg- 
ment was  desir'd  as  to  several  points  of  learning." — Alhen.  Oxon. 

"  He  had  read  more  and  carried  more  about  him,  in  his  excellent 
memory,  than  any  man  I  ever  knew;  he  was  one  of  the  least  men 
in  the  kingdom,  and  one  of  the  greatest  scholars  in  Europe." — Lord 
Clarenpon. 

His  lordship  tells  us  that  "  nothing  troubled  him  more 
than  the  brawls  which  were  grown  from  religion  ;'*  and  Mr. 
Bickersteth  supposes  that  he  "  would  perhaps  have  given 
up  too  much  for  peace,  having  seen  the  evil  of  division." 
In  this  surmise  there  is  but  little  doubt  that  Mr.  Bicker- 
steth is  correct,  for  a  late  eminent  authority,  referring  to 
Hale's  tract  on  Schism,  remarks  : 

**  The  aim  of  Hales,  as  well  as  of  Grotius,  Calixtus,  and  Chilling- 
worth,  was  to  bring  about  a  more  comprehensive  communion;  but 
he  went  still  farther;  his  langua^re  is  rough  and  audaci.jus;  his 
theology  in  some  of  his  other  writings  has  a  ecent  of  Kacow.  and 
though  these  crept  slowly  to  light,  there  was  enough  in  the  earliest 
to  make  us  wonder  at  the  high  name,  the  epithet  Ever-memorable, 
which  he  obtained  in  the  English  church:*— HaUam's  Lit.  Hist,  of 

Notwithstanding  the  grave  nature  of  his  studies,  the 
Ever-Memorable  sometimes  wooed  the  Muses;    and  a 
critic  of  the  day  has  given  him  a  place  (if  he  indeed  refers 
to  our  Hales)  in  his  curious  and  amusing  portrait-gallery : 
"  Hales,  set  by  himself,  most  gravely  did  smile 
To  see  them  about  nothing  keep  such  a  coil; 
Apollo  had  spied  him.  but,  knowing  his  mind. 
Past  by,  and  called  Falkland  that  sat  just  behind." 

A'(>  John  A'^iickling's  ^Sl:■SS^,f>n  of  the  Ftids. 
See  Gen,  Diet.;  Biog.  Brit.;  Lett,  by  Eminent  Persons; 
Account  of  the  Life  and  Writings  of  John  Hales,  1719,  8vo. 
Hales,  Stephen,  D.D.,  1677-1761,  a  natural  philoso- 


pher of  great  eminence,  a  native  of  Beckesbourn,  Kent, 
was  eilucated  at  Bene't  Coll.,  Oxf.,  took  holy  orders,  and 
was  advanced  successively  to  the  perpetual  curacy  of  Ted- 
dington,  and  to  the  livings  of  Portlock  and  Farringdon. 
He  was  especially  distinguished  for  his  experiments  on  the 
physiology  of  plants.  His  principal  works  were — 1.  Vege- 
table Staticks,  Lon.,  1727, '31,  8vo.  2.  Statical  Essays: 
this  consists  of  No.  1  (vol.  i,  of  the  Essays)  and  a  vol.  "en- 
titled Hajmastatics,  pub.  in  1733,  (fee, 1769,  2  vols.  8vo. 
Hales  also  pub,  several  serms.,  philosophical  experiments, 
papers  on  Phil.  Trans.,  &c.  He  is  to  be  remembered  with 
great  respect  as  an  early  advocate  of  the  great  cause  of 
Temperance.  His  Friendly  Admonition  to  the  Drinkers 
of  Gin,  first  pub.  in  173-i,  Svo,  has  been  frequently  reprinted, 
and  doubtless  accomplished  much  good.  See  Masters'a 
Hist,  of  C.  C.  C.  C. ;  Annual  Register,  1764;  Rees's  Cyc. ; 
Gent.  Mag.,  vol.  Ixix. ;  Butler's  Life  of  Hildesley,  p.  362; 
Lysons's  Environs. 

Hales,  Win.,  D.D.,  Rector  of  Killesandra,  Ireland, 
pub.  a  number  of  learned  works  on  mathematics,  nat.  phi- 
los.,  and  theology,  177S-1819,  among  which  are — 1.  Pro- 
phecies resp.  our  Lord,  2d  ed.,  Lon.,  1808,  8vo.  Hit'hly 
commended.  2.  A  New  Analysis  of  Chronology,  1809-14, 
3  vols  in  1,  4to,  £8  8s.;  2d  and  best  ed.,  1830,  4  vols.  Svo, 
£3  3s. 

'•  This  is  perhaps  the  most  valuable  chronological  work  that  has 
ever  been  published.  Possessed  of  the  caution  of  Newton,  and  the 
learning  of  Usher,  Dr.  Uales  proceeds  on  better  data  than  either 
of  these  distinguished  chronologists;  and  pours  a  flood  of  light 
on  some  of  the  darkest  and  most  difficult  points  in  sacred  and 
profane  history. ...  Dr.  Adam  Clarke,  who  makes  a  very  liberal 
use  of  the  work  in  his  Commentary,  bestows  on  it  the  highest 
commendation." — Omm's  Bibl.  Bib. 

"  Not  only  js  it  the  most  elaborate  svstem  of  chronology  in  our 
language,  but  there  is  scarcely  a  difficult  text  in  the  sacred  writings 
which  is  not  illustrated.  .  . .  Ills  New  Analysis  ought  to  have  a 
place  iu  the  library  of  every  biblical  student  who  can  procure  it." 
—Home's  Bibl.  Bib. 

"  Vast  learning  and  research;  though  the  system  of  Chronolog:y 
adopted  has  been  much  <iaestioned,  and  assumptions  without 
proof  are  made:'—Bich-crstHh's  C'hris.  Slu. 

3.  The  Holy  Trinity,  &c.,  2d  ed.,  1818,  2  vols.  Svo. 
4.  Primitive  Brit.  Church,  1819,  Svo.  See  Watt's  Bibl. 
Brit. 

Haley,  John,  Jr.     Chronometers;  Nic.  Jour.,  1804. 

Haley,  Win.     Serm.,  1686,  4to. 

Halford,  Sir  Henry,  M.D..  1766-1844,  whose  family 
name  was  Vaughan,  was  physician  to  four  successive  sove- 
reigns, viz. :  Geo.  IIL,  Geo.  IV.,  Wm.  IV.,  and  Victoria. 
He  was  Pres.  of  the  Royal  Coll.  of  Physicians  from  1820 
until  his  death.  In  1831  he  pub.  a  collective  ed.  of  his  (1) 
Essays  and  Orations,  Svo;  3d  ed.,  1842. 

"A  delightful  compounder  professional  knowledge  and  literary 
taste.  Handled  with  skill  and  feeling  such  as  his.  subjects  of 
medical  research  have  not  only  nothing  dry  or  repulsive  about 
them,  but  are  of  deep  and  universal  interest  and  attraction." — 
Lon.  Quar.  h'ev. 

"Though  treating  of  subjects  principally  medical  yet,  they  will 
be  found  for  the  most  part  acceptable  to  the  general  reader." — 
Lon.  Mimth.  Btv. 

2.  NugiB  Metricae  :  Latin  Poems  and  Translations,  1842, 
12mo.  Some  of  Sir  Henry's  Latin  compositions  were  con- 
tributed to  the  Gentleman's  Magazine.  See  Pettigrew's 
Medicftl  Portrait  Gallery;  Lon.  Gent.  Mag.  for  May,  1844. 

Halfpenny,  Joseph.  1.  Gothic  Ornaments  in  the 
Cathedral  of  York,  1795,  imp.  4to.  2.  Fragmenta  Vetusta, 
1807,  imp.  4to. 

Halfpenny,  Wm.  1.  Marrow  of  Architecture,  1722, 
'29,  4tu.     2.  Sound  Building,  Lon.,  1725,  fol. 

Halhed,  Nathaniel  Brassey,  M.  P.,  1751-1830, 
equally  conspicuous  as  a  profound  Orientalist,  and  as  the 
dupe  of  Richard   Brothers,  the  pretended  prophet,  pub. 

1.  Narrative  of  Events  in  Bombay  and  Bengal,  1779,  Svo. 

2.  Imitations  of  Martial,  1793-94.  3.  Several  tracts  in 
vindication  of  the  claims  of  his  teacher,  R.  Brothers,  1795  ; 
and  the  following  works,  which  are  of  real  value  :  4.  Gram- 
mar of  the  Bengal  Language,  1778.  5.  A  Code  of  Gentoo 
Laws,  trans,  from  the  Persian,  1776. 

"A  curious  and  entertaining  volume."— Zoti.  Amiital  Register. 

"With  the  single  exception  of  the  Scriptures,  this  code  of  Gentoo 
Laws  is  the  most  valuable  present  which  Europe  ever  received  from 
Asia." — Butler's  H<yr.  Bib. 

A  biography  of  Mr.  Halhed  will  be  found  in  Gent.  Mag., 
May.  1830. 

Halibnrton.  Observations  upon  the  Importance  of 
the  N.  Amer.  Colonies  to  G.  Brit,  Halifax,  1825,  Svo.  See 
Lon.  Quar.  Rev.,  xxiii.  410  ;  Lon.  Month.  Rev.,  Aug.  1827, 
564. 

Halibnrton,  Thomas  Chandler,  long  a  Judge  of 
Nova  Scotia,  popularly  known  as  Sam  Slick,  contributed, 
iu  1835,  to  a  weekly  paperof  Nova  Scotia,  a  series  of  letters 
professing  to  depict  the  peculiarities  of  Yankee  character. 

759 


HAL 

These  stetches  were  received  witli  so  much  favour  that  in 
1837  they  were  collected  iuto  a  vol.  entitled  The  Chiikmakcr; 
or,  the  Sayings  and  Doings  of  Samuel  Slick  of  Slickvillc. 
A  Second  Series  appeared  in  1838,  and  a  third  in  1840. 
In  1842  the  writer  vi.sited  England  as  an  mfnchf  of  the 
American  Legation,  and  in  the  ne.\t  year  embodied  the 
results  of  his  observations  on  English  Society  in  his  amus- 
ing work.  The  Attache  j  or,  Sam  Slick  in  England,  2  vols, 
p.  8vo.  Second  Series,  1844,  2  vols.  p.  Svo.  New  ed., 
1846,  4  vols.  p.  Svo.  Reprinted.  1849.  Judge  Haliburton 
has  also  given  to  the  world  An  Hist,  and  Statist.  Account 
of  Nova  Scotia,  1828,  2  vols.  p.  Svo;  repub.  1839;  see  N. 
Amer.  Rev.,  xxx.  121;  Bubbles  of  Canada,  1839,  p.  Svo; 
The  Old  Judge,  or.  Life  in  a  Colony ;  Letter-Bag  of  the 
Great  Western,  1839,  p.  Svo;  Rule  and  Misrule  of  the 
English  in  America,  1851,  2  vols.  p.  Svo;  Yankee  Stories, 
1S52,  12mo;  Traits  of  American  Humoui-,  1852,  3  vols.  p. 
Svo;  Nature  and  Human  Nature,  1855;  new  ed.,  1858. 

IIow  far  he  has  suceeeiled  in  the  attempt  at  depicting 
Yankee  manners  and  customs  is  a  matter  of  debate.  An 
eminent  authority,  well  qualified  to  give  an  opinion  upon 
the  subject,  decides  against  Slick's  pretensions  as  a 
painter; 

"On  this  point  we  spe.ik  with  some  confidence.  We  can  distin- 
guish the  real  from  the  counteitl'it  Yaukee,  at  the  first  sound  of 
the  voice,  and  by  the  turn  of  a  sint^le  sentence;  and  we  h.ave  no 
hesitatiOD  in  declaiiog  that  Sam  Slick  is  not  what  he  pretends  to 
be;  that  there  is  no  organic  life  in  him;  that  he  is  an  impostor,  an 
impossit>ility,  a  nonentity.  A  writer  of  genius,  even  if  he  write 
from  imperfect  knowledge,  will,  as  it  were,  breathe  the  bi-eath  of 
life  into  his  creations.  Sam  .Slick  is  an  awkward  .ind  highly  in- 
felicitous attempt  to  make  a  character,  by  heaping  together,  with- 
out discrimination,  selection,  arrangement,  or  taste,  every  vulgarity 
that  a  vulgar  imagination  can  conceive,  and  every  knavery  that  a 
man  blinded  by  national  and  political  prejudice  "can  charge  upon 
neighbours  whom  he  dislikes." — Prof.  C.  C.  Felxon;  y.Amer.Jit:v., 
Iviii.  212. 

*'  He  deserves  to  be  entered  on  our  list  of  friends  containing  the 
names  of  Tristram  Shandy,  the  Shepherd  of  the  Koclc^  Ambros-i- 
a?j(E,  and  other  rhapsodical  discoursers  on  time  and  change,  who, 
besides  the  delights  of  their  discourse,  possess  also  the  charm  of 
individuality.  Apart  from  all  the  worth  of  Sam.  Slick's  revela- 
tions, the  man  is  precious  to  us  as  a  queer  ci-eature — knowing, 
impudent,  sensible,  sagacious,  vulgar,  yet  not  without  a  certain 
tact;  aud  overllowing  with  a  humour  as  peculiar  in  its  way  as  the 
humours  of  Andrew  Fairserviee  or  a  Protestant  Miss  Miggs,  (that 
impersonation  of  shrewish  fem.ale  service !)" — Lon.  AUnina>um. 

''Origiual  and  pithy,  it  is  always  refreshing  to  fall  in  with  this 
inimitable  story-feller.  His  mixture  of  sound  sense  with  genuiue 
humour,  his  fund  of  information  and  peculiar  way  of  puttiug  it 
on  record,  his  fun  and  his  force, — the  fun  being  part  aud  portion 
of  that  force, — are  at  the  same  time  qualities  so  eufei-taiuiug  and 
instructive,  that  we  know  not  iu  the  end  whether  to  be  betb^r 
pleased  with  the  intelligence  we  have  acquired  or  the  amusement 
we  have  received. " — Lon.  Literary  Gazette. 

See  also  Eraser's  M;ig.,  xxxv.  141,  308,  429;  xxxvi.  76, 
204,  324,  447,  576;  and  New  Haven  Church  Review,  iv. 
523. 

Halifax,  Earl  of.     See  Montague,  Chakles. 

Halifax,  Marquis  of.     See  Savile,  GEoncE. 

Halifax,  Charles.     Constable's  Guide,  1791,  Svo. 

Halil'ax,  Rev.  Win.  1.  Answer  to  a  Letter,  Lon., 
171)1.  2.  Account  of  Tadmor  or  Palmyra,  in  Syria,  Phil. 
Trans..  1695. 

Halifax.     See  Hai,lifax. 

Halkerston,  Peter.  1.  Decisions  of  the  Lords  of 
Council,  Ac,  Edin.,  1820,  fol.  2.  Latin  Maxims,  Ac.,  1823, 
Svo.  3.  Law  of  .Scot.  rel.  to  Marrhages,  1827,  Svo.  4.  Act 
of  Pari..  6  Geo.  IV.,  cap.  120,  1827,  Svo.  6.  Trans.,  Ac. 
Terms,  Ac.  in  Erskine's  Institute,  2d  ed.,  1829,  12mo. 
6.  Law  and  Sanctuary  of  Holyrood,  1831,  Svo. 

Halket,  Lady  Anne,  11)22-1099,  a  daughter  of  Ro- 
bert Murray,  was  a  native  of  London.  She  left  21  vols,  in 
folio  and  quarto,  principally  on  religious  subjects.  From 
these  a  vol.  of  Meditations  was  pub.,  Edin.,  1702,  4to. 

"  She  was  a  per.son  of  great  knowledge,  having  searched  for  it  as 
for  hidden  treasure,  especially  in  these  inexhaustible  mines  of  the 
divine  oracles,  where  the  most  excellent  wisdom  is  found." — Bal- 
Ulrd^s  British  Ladies. 

Halket,  John.  1.  Selkirk's  Settlement  at  Kildonan, 
Lon.,  1S17,  Svo.  See  Rich's  Bibl.  Amer.  Nova,  ii.  88. 
2.  Indians  of  N.  America,  1825,  Svo.  See  N.  Amer.  Rev., 
xxii.  108. 

Hall  and  Sellers.     Laws  of  Penna.,  Phil.a.,  1775,  fol. 

Hall,  C'apt.     Rattlesnake  Poison,  Phil.  Trans.,  1727. 

Hall,  C'apt.  1.  Hist,  of  the  Civil  War  in  America, 
vol.  i..  Lon.,  1780,  Svo.     2.  Songs,  Ac,  2d  ed.,  1815,  12mo. 

Hall,  Rev.  Mr.     Cardphiying,  Lon.,  1750,  Svo. 

Hall,  Miss  A.  1.  Literary  Reader  for  High  Schools 
and  Academics,  Bost.,  1850.     2.  Miinual  of  Jlorals. 

Hall,  A.  Oakey,of  New  York.  1.  The  Manhattaner 
in  New  Orleiins ;  or.  Phages  of  "  Crescent  City"  Life,  N. 
York,  1850,  12mo.     2.  Old  Whitey's  Christmas  Trot,  1857. 


HAM 

Hall,  A,  W.  Female  Confessions;  a  Nov.,  1809.  2vol.i. 

Hall,  Mrs.  Anna  Maria.  See  Hall,  Mrs.  Samuel 
Carter. 

.  Hall,  Anthony,  D.D.,  1679-1723,  Fellow  of  Queen's 
I  Coll.,  Oxf ,  and  Rector  of  Hampton  Poyle.  1.  Lelaud  de 
Scriptoribus,  Oxf,  1709,  2  vols.  Svo.  Very  erroneously 
i  printed.  2.  N.  Triveti  Annales,  1719,  Svo.  He  also  com- 
pleted and  pub.  Hudson's  ed.  of  Josephus,  aud  drew  up 
the  account  of  Berkshire  from  the  Magna  Britannia. 

Hall,  Archibald.  Two  Discourses,  1777,  Svo.  2.  The 
Gospel  Church,  1795,  Svo. 

"Shows  the  arguments  for  Pi-esbyferianism.  Jamieson's  Sum 
of  Episcopal  Controversy  m.iy  be  read  on  the  same  side.  The 
arguments  for  Independency  may  be  sufficiently  seen  in  the  works 
of  Dr.  Owen." — Bidccrstciti's  C.  .S". 

Hall,  Arthur.  A  Letter  rel.  to  a  Quarrel,  Ac,  Lon., 
1579-80,  4t.i.     See  Lowndes's  Bibl.  Man.,  p.  1. 

Hall,  Arthur,  M.P.  for  Grantham.  Ten  Books  of 
Homer's  Illiades;  trans,  from  a  metrical  French  version 
into  English,  Lon.,  1581,  4to.  Sec  W.att's  Bibl.  Brit.;  Hall, 
or  Hill,  Arthur,  in  Lowndes's  Bibl.  Man.,  954. 

Hall,  Rev.  B.  R.,  of  New  York,  for  twenty-eight 
years  p,ast  an  eminent  instructor  of  youth.  1.  The  New 
Purchase;  or.  Life  in  the  Far  West,  N.York,  1813,  12mo; 
new  ed.,  1855,  12mo.  2.  Something  for  Every  Body.  3. 
Teaching  a  Science;  The  Teacher  an  Artist,  1852.  Highly 
commended.     4.  Frank  Freeman's  Barber  Shop,  1852. 

Hall,  Capt.  Basil,  R.  N.,  1788-1844,  a  native  of 
Edinburgh,  a  son  of  Sir  James  H.all,  fourth  baronet  of 
Dunglass,  was  a  popular  writer  of  books  of  voyages  and 
travels.  In  1802,  in  his  fourteenth  year,  he  entered  the 
Royal  Navy,  and  was  subsequently  in  active  service  in 
many  parts  of  the  globe.  For  some  time  before  his  death 
he  was  deprived  of  the  use  of  his  reason,  and  he  died  in 
confinement.  For  further  information  respecting  Capt. 
Hall  we  must  refer  the  reader  to  his  Fragments  of  Voyages 
and  Travels,  and  to  vol.  v.  of  the  new  ed.  (1855)  of  Cham- 
bers and  Thomson's  Biog.  Diet,  of  Eminent  Scotsmen. 
1.  Voyage  to  the  West  Coast  of  Corea  and  the  Great  Loo- 
Choo  Island,  Lon.,  1818, 4to.  Narrative  part  subsequently 
pub.  separately,  p.  Svo,  and  Loo-Choo,  med.  Svo.  This 
work  includes  a  vocabulary  of  the  Loo-Choo  language, 
compiled  by  Lieut.  Clifl'ord. 

"A  work  not  less  valuable  for  its  maritime  geogr.aphyand  science 
than  for  the  pleasing  interest  which  it  excites  on  beh.ilf  of  the  na- 
tives of  Loo-Choo,  and  the  favourable  impression  it  leaves  of  Captain 
Uall,  his  officers  and  seamen." — .'ylervnstm's  Voyages  and  Travels. 

Also  favourably  reviewed  by  Lord  JeflVey  in  the  Edin. 
Rev.,  xxix.  476-497,  and  by  jared  Sparks  in  the  North 
Amer.  Rev.,  xxvi.  514-538  :  see  also  Lon.  Quar.  Rev.,  xviii. 
308  ;  Lon.  Month.  Rev.,  exxv.  69  ;  cxxvii.  592 ;  cxxxiv.  143 ; 
Fraser's  Mag.,  viii.  593.  2.  Occasional  Poems  aud  Mis- 
cellanies, 12mo.  3.  Extracts  from  a  Journal  written  on 
the  Coasts  of  Chili,  Peru,  and  Mexico,  in  1820-22,  1824, 
2  vols.  p.  Svo;  1848,  r.  Svo.  See  Edin.  Rev.,  xh  31-43. 
4.  Travels  in  North  America  in  1827-28,  3  vols.  p.  Svo, 
1829. 

*•  This  work  will  do  consider.able  mischief  not  in  America,  but 
in  Engbiud.  It  will  furnish  food  to  the  appetite  for  detr.'iction 
which  reiLius  there  towards  this  country.  It  will  put  a  word  iu 
the  mouths  of  those  who  vilify  because  they  hate  and  hate  because 
they  fear  us." — Edward  Everett:  N.  Amer.  liex\,  xxix.  522-574. 

The  London  Quarterly  Reviewer  is  of  quite  a  different 
opinion  : 

"  His  book  may  veiy  prob.ably  do  good  in  America;  we  hope  it 
will — but  we  are  quite  sure  it  must  do  so  here."  See  vol.  xli.  417- 
447. 

"Captain  HaU's  work,  amidst  much  striking  talent  and  many 
just  and  profound  observatious.  is  too  much  tinctuied  by  his  ai^ 
dent  and  enthusiastic  fancy  to  form  a  safe  guide  on  the  many  de- 
bated subjects  of  national  institutions." — America,  No.L:  Btack- 
wuod^s  Mag.,  xxxiv.  2SS. 

See  also  Westm.  Rev.,  xi.  416  ;  Lon.  Month.  Rev.,  cxvii. 
503.  5.  Forty  Etchings  from  Sketches  made  with  the 
Camera  Lucida  in  North  America  in  1827-28,  r.  4to.  1829. 

6.  Fragments  of  Voyages  and  Travels,  1st  series,  1831,  3 
vols.  12mo;  2d  series,  1832,  3  vols.  12mo;  3d  series,  new 
eds.,  1840,  '46,  '60,  all  in  r.  Svo.  See  Lon.  Quar.  Rev., 
xlvii.   133-169;    Lon.   Month.   Rev.,   May,   1831,   59-79. 

7.  Schloss  ILainfield ;  or,  A  Winter  in  Lower  Styria,  1836, 
p.  Svo.  8.  Spain  and  the  Seat  of  War  in  Spain,  1837,  p. 
Svo.  9.  In  conjunction  with  Ellis  and  Pringle,  Voyages 
and  Travels,  1S40,  r.  Svo.  10.  Travels  in  South  America, 
1841,  r.  Svo.  11.  Patchwork;  Travels  in  Stories,  Ac, 
1840,  3  vols.  p.  Svo;  2d  ed.,  1841,  3  vols.  ISmo  and  in  1 
vol  12mo. 

'■  Few  writers  lay  themselves  more  open  to  quizzing :  few  can 
prose  and  bore  more  successfull.v  tb.in  he  now  and  tlien  does;  but 
the  Captain's  merit  is  real  and  great.  .  .  .  Captain  Basil  Hall  im 
parts  a  freshness  to  whatever  spot  he  touches,  and  carries  the 
readerwith  untiring good-humourcheerilyalong  with  him.  Turn 
where  we  will  we  have  posies  of  variegated  ffowers  pre;^eutod  to  us, 


HAL 


Bnil  we  are  sure  to  find  in  cvc-ry  one  of  tliom,  whether  sombre  or 
<'-iv  !i  snriii  nf  Basil." — Lon.  Qitar.  Rev. 

•'Wit  is  not  to  be  measured,  lilie  broadcloth,  by  the  yard  Easy 
wrilins,  as  the  adage  says,  and  as  we  all  know,  is  apt  to  be  very 
1  ■  nl  rekdinff.  This  brings  to  our  recollection  a  conversation,  in 
ll'ie  presence  of  Captain  Basil  Hall,  in  which  some  allusion  having 
1  oeu  made  to  the  astounding  amount  of  Scotfs  daily  composi  ion, 
he  literary  argonaut  remarked,  'There  was  nothing  astonishing 
.,  aU  that  and  that  he  did  as  much  himself  nearly  every  day 
lieforo  breakfast.'  Some  one  of  the  company  unkindly  asked 
•  whether  he  thought  the  qtmUty  was  the  same.'  It  is  tlie  quality, 
u  Soubtedlv.  whi?h  makes  the  difference."-WM.  H.  Peescott: 
K  ^mi■r  ii'ev,  xlv.  U.  and  in  his  Miscellanies;  and  see  Capt. 
Hall's  own  comparison  between  his  rapidity  of  composition  and 
tliat  of  Sir  Walter,  in  Lockhart's  Life  of  Scott. 

Hall,  Benjamin.  History  of  Eastern  Vermont  from 
its  Earliest  SettlemcBt  to  the  Close  of  the  Eightceuth  Cen- 
tury, N.  York,  ISoS,  8vo,  pp.  799.  ,       „       . 

"The  author  sustains  himself  throughout  with  unflagging  spirit, 
and  his  book  will  be  read  with  unwearying  interest.  —A.  f.  l-EA- 
EOI'V   D  D. :  -V.  Amir.  Hev.,  July,  1S68.  '281. 

Hall,  Charles.     Scrms.,  1756,  '60        .,    ^    ,      . 
Hall,  Charles,  M.U.     1.  Medical  Family  Instructor, 
Phrcwsh.,  1785.  8vo.      2.  Etfects  of  Civilization   on   the 
People  in  the  European  States,  1S05,  8vo. 

Hall,  Charles.     Con.  to  Med.  Com.,  vi.  71. 
Hall,  Charles  Henry.    1.  Serms.  at  Bampton  Lect., 
Lon.,  1789.  .Svo.     2.  Scrm.,  1895,  Un. 

Hall,  Miss  E.  M.     The  American  Lady's  Practical 
Cookery  and  Domestic  Economy,  N.Y.,  1856,  12mo. 
Hall,  Edmund.     Serms.,  165.3,  '64.    Other  works. 
Hall,  Edward,  H99?-1547,  an  English  lawyer  .ind 
iud<'e  in  the  Sheriff's  Court,  is  known  to  posterity  by  his 
Chronicle,  already  noticed  in  our  article  on  Richard  (rral- 
tou      His  work  is  entitled  The  Vnion  of  the  two  noble  and 
illustrate  Famclics  of  Lancastre  and  York.  Lon.,  1548.  tol 
This  is  supposed  to  be  the  first  edition,  but  it  is  alleged 
there  is  one  bearing  date  1 542.     Respecting  this  question 
see  authorities  referred  to  below.   This  work  was  continued 
only  to    15S2.     Hall  left   the   continuation   m    MS.,  and 
Grafton  completed  it  and  printed  it  in  1550,  fol.     In  lo5o 
it  was  prohibited  by  proclamation.     Reprinted,  18US),  z 
vols.  4to.     We  have  already  referred  to  Bishop  Nieolson  s 
opinion  of  this  work :  ,.      ;,  v  i, 

"He  wrote  a  large  account  of  the  fore-mentioned  wars,  which, 
in  a  very  flattering  epistle,  he  dedicated  to  Henry  VIII.  If  the 
reader  desires  to  know  what  sort  of  deaths  were  worn  in  each 
Wuff's  reign,  and  how  the  fashions  altered,  this  is  an  his  or»n 
for  his  purpose;  hut  in  other  matters  his  information  is  not  very 
valuable."— £«!/.  Hist.  Lib. 

But  Hearne  disputes  this:  ^..t^-c.^^ 

"All  the  copies  I  have  vet  seen  or  heard  of  are  dedicated  to  taw. 
VI  and  the  dedication  is  f;«r  from  being  flattering.  The  informa- 
tions, too,  are  all  along  so  very  good,  abating  that  'H',-/n'2'"°'"fJ 
is  here  and  there  wrong,  that  they  have  been,  and  will  always  be, 
hi'-hlv  valued  by  the  most  curious  men.  He  declines  giving  any 
account  of  cloaths  and  fashion,  excepting  upon  some  solemn  occa- 
sion in  King  Henry  the  Eighth's  reign,  and  <^""'^"'f^^'5!i^«-'' "J^^ 
what  is  truly  momentous.'  —.4i)2Kn.  lo  Hamngi  Chart.  ±,i.clvs.  in 

^"'flerber't  supposes  that  Bishop  Nieolson  refers  to  the  ed. 
of  1542(?)  and  Hearne  to  one  of  the  other  edits.  But  no 
such  theory  will  reconcile  statements  so  directly  opposed 
to  each  other.  Shakspoare  and  the  other  dramatists  of 
his  day  drew  largely  from  H.all's  Chronicles  for  materials 
for  their  plots.  See  Bliss's  Wood's  Athen.  Oxon. ;  Cole's 
MS  Athense.  Cantab.,  in  Brit,  Mus. ;  Uarwood's  Alumni 
Etouenses  ;  Tanner  and  Pits  ;  Peck's  Desiderata  ;  Dibdin  s 
Typ.  Antiq.  of  G.  Brit.;  Hallam's  Constit.  Hist,  of  Eng. ; 
Dibdin's  Lib.  Comp.;  Lowndes's  Bibl.  Man. 

Hall,  Edward.     Serms.  and  Prayers  for  the  Young, 

"HalUEdward  B.,  D.D.  Memoir  of  Mary  L.Ware, 
wife  of  Henry  Ware,  Jr.,  Best,,  1852,  12mo.  Seven  eds. 
of  this  Memoir  h.ave  already  (1856)  appeared.  Reviewed 
in  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  Ixxvii.  145.  ,,..„. 

Hall,  Edwin,  D.D.  1.  The  Puritans  and  their  Prin- 
ciples  N.  York,  8vo.     2.  Law  of  Baptism,  3d  ed.,  12mo. 

Hall,  Evevard.  Index  to  the  Virginia  Reports, 
Washington  to  2d  Randolph,  Rich.,  1S25,  Svo.  ^ 

Hall,  Francis.  Explication  of  Dial  in  the  Kmg  s 
Garden  at  London,  Liege.  1073,  4to. 

Hall,  Lient.  Francis,  14th  Light  Dragoons,  H.F., 
subsequently  Hydrographer  in  the  Service  of  Colombia. 
1.  Travels  in  Canada  and  the  U.  States  in  181b-17 ;  Lon., 
1818,  Svo;  Host.,  Svo. 

"  Mr  Hall  is  a  clever,  lively  man,  very  much  above  the  common 
race  of  writers.  ...  It  is  certainly  somewhat  rare  to  meet  ivilh 
Unoriginal  thinker,  an  indulgent  J"'i8<' of  manners,  and  a  man 
tolerant  of  neglect  and  familiarity,  in  a  youth  covered  with  tags, 
Sers.  and  martial  foolery ."-llEV.  Stunet  Smith:  Mm.  J.tv., 
■sxxi  133,  and  in  his  Miscellanies.  . 

'^He  h.as  good  sense  enough  to  think  that  a  country  is  not  to 
be  judged  by  its  tavern-keepers  and  hostlers,  and  too  much  good- 


IIAL 

humour  to  rail  at  a  whole  people  because  he  meets  with  occasional 

iusUinces  of  fraud  and  churlishness.'W.  GiLUSOS :  N.  Anur.  iJet., 

ix.  135-166.  , ,.  ,  ... 

"nail's  is  a  pleasant  and  lively  work,  unfolding  many  of  the 

pecuiariUes   of  tlie   manners,  customs,  &c.  of   Canada  and  the 

I  Suacent  parts  of  the  United  States."-S(«-oi!«.i  s  1  c^./...<7".  , 

2  Travels  in  France  in  1818;  Lon.,  1819,  Svo.     3.  Ao- 

eount  of  Colombia  in  1824,  Svo  ;  1825,  '27. 

Hall,  Francis  Russell.    Regeneration,  &e.,  lUii, 

^^Hall,  Uev.  Gordon,  d.  1S26,  in  India,  aged  about 
-6  a  native  of  Berkshire,  Mass.,  was  the  first  American 
nfissionary  at  Bombay,  where  he  laboured  for  thirteen 
year  with  great  7.eal.  He  had  just  rev-ised  the  ^ew  Tes- 
tament in  the  Mahratta  tongue,  when  he  was  seized  w.tn 
holera,  of  which  he  died  in  eight  or  nine  hours.  In  con- 
junction with  S.  Newell,  he  wrote  The  Conversion  of  the 

^Hail' George,\«2-166S,  son  of  the  Bishop  of  Nor- 
wiSrFellow  of^Exeter  Coll.,  Oxford  Prcb.  of  Exeter, 
ul'/;  Archdeacon  of  Cornwall  1641 ;  Bishop  o  C lies^e  , 
1662  He  pub.  Serms.,  1655,  '66,  both  4to,  and  The  Iri- 
ilphs  of  R^m^  over  despised  Protestaney,  1655  '6  Svo 
■■Had  the  seeds  of  virtue  sown  in  him  very  eaily  by  his  said 

''''Hall^Harrison,  of  Philadelphia,  b.  1785,  a  brother 
of  JuXe  James  Hall  .and  of  John  E.  Hall,  (see  p..;,)  wrote 

awork^n  Distillation,  first  pub.  in  1815  which  passed 
rtZ'gh  two  edits,  in  America  (2d  ed.,  1818,  8v„)  and  one 
in  Encrland.  This  work  elicited  the  commendation  of  Dr. 
Hare  and  of  other  scientific  men  of  the  day. 
Hall  Henry.  Serm.,  Lon.,  1644,  4to. 
Hall',  Hiland,  late  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of 
Verm'.iit.  History  of  Western  Vermont,  announced  as  in 
course  of  preparation,  1858. 

Hall,  Isaac,  M.D.     Tumour  of  the  Thigh. 
Hall    J.  V.     The  Sinner's  Friend,  Maidstone,  Svo. 
Hall',  Uev.  James.     1.  Discoveries  in  Nat.  Philos., 
Lon    ISl'o  8vo      2.  Travels  in  Scotland,  1807,  2  vols.  Svo. 
3.  Travels' thr..ugh  Ireland,  1813,  2  vols.  Svo.     4.  Substi- 
tute for  Hemp :   Nich.  Jour.,  1811.  .     ,T> 

Hall,  Sir  James,  1761-1832.  fourth  Baronet  of  Dun- 
glass,  and  father  of  Capt.  Basil  Hall,  R.N.  Origin,  Princi- 
ples, and  Hist,  of  Gothic  Architecture,  Lon.,  181.:!.  imp.  4to 
'"The  most  popular  and  {esteemed  work  ou  the  subject  of  whiclj 
it  treats,  both  in  the  particular  llieoryit  espouses,  and  Iheinteiest 
of  iJs  details.-'-CT<a,n!.crs  <£■  Th.,msnn..  Bw-j.  D,cl.  ;/ .Vo  sm«. 

He  contributed  papers  on  architecture,  nat.  philos.,  &c  , 
to  Trans.  Soc.  Edin.,  1796,  1805,  and  to  Nich.  Jour.,  1804, 
'06  '15  Ac.  The  result  of  his  experiments  tended  to 
confirm  the  truth  of  the  Plutonian  or  Igneous  theory  of 
the  origin  of  minerals.  See  Lon.  Gent  Mag.,  Au.g.  183.., 
pp.  178"-179,  and  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit,;  Ch.ambers  A  Thom- 
son's Biog.  Diet,  of  Eminent  Scotsmen. 

Hall,  James.  Serms.,  Lon.,  1814,  la,  both  Svo. 
Hall,  James,  an  eminent  American  writer  and 
Judge,  b.  in  Philadelphia,  Aug.  19,  1793,  after  spending 
some  time  in  the  study  of  the  law,  entered  the  U.  States 
Army,  and  distinguished  himself  in  the  battle  of  Lundy  s 
Lane,  at  Niagara,  the  siege  of  Fort  Erie,  and  on  various 
other  occasions  during  the  last  war  with  Great  Lritam. 
He  resigned  from  the  army  in  1818.  .an.l  in  1820  rc-moved 
to  Shawneetown,  Hliuois,  where  he  edited  tlio  Illinois 
G.a7,ette  and  pr.actised  at  the  Bar.  AVhilst  living  in  this 
State,  he  was  elected  by  the  Legislature  Judge  ol  the 
Circuit  Court,  .and  for  four  years  held  the  responsible  post 
of  State  Treasurer.  In  1833  he  removed  to  Cincinnati, 
where  he  has  since  resided.  Since  1836  he  has  been  con- 
nected with  monetary  pursuits ;  was  for  some  time  the 
Cashier  of  the  Commercial  Bank,  and  has  been  since  1853 
President  of  an  institution  of  the  same  name.  For  further 
particulars  respecting  Judge  Hall's  useful  and  laborious 
life  we  refer  the  reader  to  Griswold's  Prose-\Vriters  ol 
America,  and  to  Duyckincks'  Cyo.  of  Amer.  Lit. 

1.  Letters  from  the  West.  Originally  pub.  in  the  Phila. 
Port-Folio,  edited  by  the  author's  brother,  Mr.  John  H. 
Hall  (see  post.)  They  appeared  in  London  in  a  collective 
form  in  1828,  Svo,  without  the  author's  concurrence.  Re- 
viewed in  the  London  Quarterly,  xxxix.  345-3o9. 

2.  Legends  of  the' West,  Phila.,  1832,  12mo;  2d  ed., 
1833  3.  The  Soldier's  Bride,  and  other  Tales,  1832.  4. 
The  ilarpe's  Head ;  a  Legend  of  Kentucky,1833.  5.  Sketches 
of  the  West,  1835,  2  vols.  12ino.  See  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  xliil. 
1-28-  xlv.  234-239;  xlvii.  499-501 ;  Rich's  Bibl.  Amer. 
Nova,  ii.  292.  6.  Tales  of  the  Border,  1835,  12mo.  7. 
Statistics  of  the  West  at  the  Close  of  1S36  ;  Cincin.,  1836, 
12mo.    8.  Notes  on  the  Western  States,  Phila.,  1838, 12mo ; 

1839,  cr.  Svo.  ,    .    ,.  , 

"  Though  furnished  with  a  now  title,  this  work  is  but  another 


HAL 

whatw«,v'^n'."  ""^  opinion,  a  ™luable  book.  It  furnishes  just 
wLatweivant.  .  Mr.  Hall  understands  his  subictt  thoruUL-hlv  • 
10  ao.  — lyon.  AtfiatCFum,  1839;  111-113,  (7.  y, 

9  Life  of  General  Willi.am  Henry  Harrison,  1S.36.  ISmo. 
10.  History  of  the  Indian  Tribes,  by  Tbomas  L.  McKenney, 
late  of  the  Iii.l.an  Department  at  Washington,  and  James 
Hal.  Embellished  with  120  Portraits  from  the  Indian 
t-allery  at  Washington.  Phila.  and  Washington,  20  Nos. 
fol.;  vol.  1.,  1S38  ;  ii.,  1842;  iii.,18«;  $120  pe?eopy  for  the 
set.  Kepub.  in  London.  For  an  account  of  this  splendid 
work,  written  entirely  from  authentic  original  materials 
collected  with  vast  labour,  see  N.  Amer.  Kev.,  xlvii.  134- 
148;  London  For.  Quar.  Rev.,  xxxvii.  479;  Rich's  EibI 
Amer.  Nova,  ii.  300-307.  The  letter-press  was  written 
chiefly  by  Judge  Hall : 

„",P''on>;l  MfKenney  has  an  accomplished  coadjutor  in  Jud.'e 
Hall,  of  Cincinnati,  who  is  asso.-iated  with  him  in  the  lilerajv 

S»s=°„f^^°  "?'■,"''■,  ■''"^«''  """'''  "ell-known  KHice  and  liveli- 
ness of  style,  and  his  knowledge  of  events  in  the  West,  and  of  the 
Indian  ch.aracter  .as  unfolded  in  the  wars  of  recent  times,  besides 
the  advantages  he  derives  from  his  pio.ximity  to  the  scenes  he 
describes  enable  him  to  make  contributions  which  adorn  and 
M^-otie'o^^oU.'"  '°  *""  -<"■"•"-*  ^'"^'••^-■,-lvii.  134:i 
11.  The  Wilderness  and  the  War- Path,  N.  York  1845 
1-mo.  12.  Anniversary  Address  before  the  Mercantile 
Library  Association  of  Cincinnati,  April,  1S4C  13  Life 
of  Thomas  Posey,  Major-Geueral  and  Governor  Jf  Indiana 
in  .-.parks  s  American  Biography,  2d  Series,  ix.  359-403 

A  new  and  uniform  edit,  of  Judge  Hall's  works,  revised 
by  the  author,  to  be  comprised  in  four  vols.,  uniform  with 
Putntims  edit,  of  Irving's  Works,  is  now  (1856)  in  course 
of  publication  Vol  i..  Legends  of  the  West,  appeared  in 
1853  ;  and  vol.  ii.,  The  West,  Historical,  Descriptive  and 
Statistical,  IS  now  ready  for  the  press.  In  1857  appeared 
Romance  of  Western  History.  Cin..  12mo.  Judge  Hall  has 
been  a  eontributor  to  The  Amer.  Quar.  Rev.,  The  Phila.  Port. 
Jtolio  The  Knickerbocker,  The  Boston  Token,  Ac.  He 
founded,  published,  edited,  and  contributed  largely  to,  The 
niinois  Magazine,  (monthly,)  issued  for  three  years  at 
Vandaha,  and  then  removed  to  Cincinnati,  where  its  name 

tMs  "title""'!''  '"•  ^"'i  '^T""  ^''"""^'^  Magazine.  Und" 
this   title  It  enjoyed  a  large  circulation  for  three  years 

largely  to  The  Western  Souvenir  for  1829,  (pub  at  Cin 
cinnati)  the  first  annual  attempted  in  the  West  When 
we  add  to  this  long  list  of  labours  the  editorial  d iilies 

Ihe  Illinois  Intelligencer,  ic-it  will  be  readily  admitted 
tha  few  men  have  done  so  much  for  the  cause  of  Western 
civilization    and    the     intellectual    improvement    of  Ihe 

of  an  Yom.i"  •''•  ^'"'''  ""'"  '^""''^  '"'  "  <=°"°'^<'  ^o^'hy 
Ma^s'"l''sn'*?'f '  ^°  ,<="'"<="*  geologist,  b.  at  Hingham, 
1  Th;  cll  'f'^'^S'l  °''^''="   ^'"'^  Slate  Survey 

r-  <  ,ot  ]°^^  °^  ^"="'  York,  Fourth  Geolo^^ical  Dis 
net,  1843,  4to.  2  The  Pateontology  of  New  Yo^kTtoki., 

Mr  iltl  h.,"-'      1    ;  '/"/    '"■■  '°  ^-^^-^  of  preparation 

"i^n^ific  pu'Mi™;;;;,':':'^'' " """'" "''  p^p^^  '^  ™™- 

15?^''l'Jm''°''p"\  t^"'""  '"  ^""^^  of  a  Vision,  Ac, 
1563,  16mo.     Probably  written  by  the  next-named  John 

Ri,  ;„■     irn'^c^"'  '  P^''"'P^''<  Theat.  Poet.  Anglic.    78 
Ritsons  Bibl.  Poet.,  232,  233;    Warton's  Hist.°of  Eng! 

Hall,  John,  an  early  English  poet,  was  a  surgeon  of 

?5  0  """TrT  ^'VoJ-  """^  ^™"^'-''*^  "'■  S'^lomori. 
ito  3  The  C^uH  ^,^":"f-P'!™-I>»nfranci,  Lon.,'l565 
pu  „•  .  ^u  x"  "^  ^  "'■""'•  ^'"5,  Ifimo.  See  Bryd.-es's 
Ph  llipss  Theat  Poet.  Anglic;  Ritsons  Bibl.  Poet  ,23''- 
2ii  ;  Warton's  Hist,  of  Eng.  Poet 

Hall,  John,  1627-1656.  a  native  of  Durham  snent 
one  year  a,  St.  Johns  Coll..  Camb.,  and  sub  nenth  re 
moved  to  Gray's  Inn.  1.  Hone  Viciv;e-  or  Es  avs  /c 
Lon  1646  12mo  2.  Poems,  Camb.,  lele',  ^2mo  '  te 
Nicholses  Select  Collection.  3.  The  Seconde  Booke  of 
Divme  Poems,  1617.  Now  very  rare.  4.  Emblems  1648 
16mo.  0  Motion  to  the  Parliament,  1649  4to  6  Mon 
arehy,  1651,  8vo.  7  The  Height  of  Elocilce  ?652; 
,Z\.  ^'/i'™''''.-^''.  "53,  12mo.  This  is  the  lirst  English 
trans,  of  Longinus.     9.  Hierocles  on   Pythagoras    lb'57 

ithen.''ox:!n.'"'    """"''''   "'  "■"''  ''^  ''^^    I'-i^'     S- 

leM,**','!'    •'"''"'    "'■    I^''='""»°d.       Government,    Lon., 


HAL 


Haiyohn.     The  True  Chevalier,  Lon.,  1656,  foL 


Hall,  John.     English  Bodies;  or.  Cures  in  desperate 
Diseases.     Englished    by  Jas.  Cooke,    Lon.,    1657,   12mo. 
By  H.  Stubbs.  1679,  '83,  8vo. 
Hall,  John.     Jacob's  Ladder,  Lon.,  1676,  8vo 
.Ha    ,  John.     Refutation  of  Helmont,  Oxf,  1694  4to 
lla  1,  John.     His  Memoirs,  Lon.,  1708,  '14,  8vo 
Ha    ,  John,     Speech  at  Tyburn,  Lon.,  1716. 
Ha    ,  John,     Con.  to  Med.  Obs.  and  Inq.,  1784 
il"     '  •{'*''"•     ^'"''-  Scrm.,  Lon.,  1798,  8vo. 
Ha  I,  John.     Conveyancing,  Lon.,  1829,  8vo. 
an  1  l?r  Vb        c",*^,-'  '"«3-1829,  a  son  of  Mrs.  Sarah  Hall, 
!d^  r  ,  rr,,  ^il'^'-^"-  •''"'"'  ^''"  '""^  Harrison  Hall,  was 
admitted  to  the  Bar  m  1805,  and  commenced  practice  in 
Baltimore;    he    subsequently  removed    to    Philadelphia. 
Whilst  in  Baltimore  he  was  elected  to  the  responsible  post 
sitv  l^f  M '"'  f  ^J'^^'i''"  "'"'  Belles-Lettres  in  the  Univer- 
sity of  Maryland.     From  1808  to  1817  he  pub.  The  Ame- 
rican Law  Journal,  Phila.,  6  vols.  8vo.     In  1821  was  pub 
one  vol.  of  The  Journal  of  Jurisprudence,  a  new  series  of 
Ihe   American    Law   Journal,  Phila.,  8vo.     Hall's    Law 
Journal   contains   some   Decisions  of  the  Federal  Courts 
Tn   l'i"i  R  1°    1     """''"■  "■^I""''"-     ''^"  23  Amer.  Jour.,  135. 
bnted  .     >''         ""?  """"■  "*■  '^^'^  Port-Folio,  and  contri- 
buted to  Its  pages  from  time  to  time  a  number  of  articles 
which  excited  considerable  attention.     He  also  wrote  a  life 
o    Dr  John  Shaw  prefixed  to  the  poems  of  the  latter,  pub. 
at  Baltimore  in  1810  ;  collected,  arranged,  and  contributed 
to  an  edit,  of  The  British  Spy;  edited    he  Philadelphia 

Idi  tor  of  tT"p'  ^'{^  r  "'"."  "■"'  '"  f""-'  ^o'"""""  bj  tho 
olMr  H  U^^  T:^t"-r,  ^"  ■^"'"^"■"'^n'^e  Of  the  failure 
?m  W  n  ''"'l'."'.  ">e  P"^'-''""°  '™^'  discontinued  in 
m,hTb»P  '■!""*?  9"-  "^  ^''"■■-  I-"'  Wr.  Hall  also 
pub.  The  Practice  and  Jurisdiction  of  the  Court  of  Ad- 
miralty Bait.,  1809,  Svo ;  an  English  edit,  of  Emeritu 
on  Maritime  Loans,  with  other  matter,  1811,  s"  a°nd 
Tracts  on  Constitutional  Law,  containing  Mr.  Livingston's 
Answer  to  Mr.  Jefi-erson,  Phila..  1813,  S'vo  '' "''"S"'""  » 
Hall,  Jonathan  Prcscott.  Reports  of  Cases  in 
vXTo  '^-  ^■"''•'  ''''-''•  ^-  Yo^'''  1S31  33,  2 

nel!?^V'F^n"!''?'*''r^-^-  ^^flS^e.  «°«  of  the  most  emi- 
uen    of    Engl  sh    divines   and    scholars,  was  a  native  of 
Ashby-de-la-Zouch,  and  educated  at  Emanuel  Coll    Cam 
bridge,  where  for  a  short  time  he  read  the  Rhetoric  Lectu« 
in  the  schools.     He  became  Rector  of  Halsted,  was  subse 
quently  presented  by  Lord  Denny  to  Waltham  Holy  Cro"=s 
arid  next  made  a  Prebendary  of  the  collegiate  ch^irch  of 
Wolverhampton.     In  1618  he  was  sent  to  the  Synod  of 
Dort,  was  made  Bishop  of  Exeter  in  1627,  and  trans  ?o 
Norwich  ,n   1641.     On  the  occurrence  of    he  R ebemo  1 
.after  sufl-ering  imprisonment  and  enduring  various  other 
hardships  he  ,vas  sequestered  and  reduced  to  great  poverty 
He  retired  to  Higham,  near  Norwich,  where  he  spent  the 
rest  ot  his  days  on  a  straitened  income,  but  in  the  act  vo 
discharge  of  ministerial    duty.     As  a  mnn   n f     .  f     ^ 
learning,  fervent  piety,  and  "^raclical    philan.h     p'  "his 
name  should  be  "had  in  everlasting  remembrance'^^^'  He 
was  distinguished  both  as  a  poet  and  as  a  prose  writer  and 
wrote  many  sermons,  contro'versial  tracts  VgainsRomau 
..m,  and  other  theological  treatises.     For  p.aTtict  lars  oThis 
he  and  writings  see  Biog.  Brit. ;  his  Autobiography  in  h  3 
Specialities;  Johnson  and  Chalmers's  Eng.  Poets   IsiO 
Warton's  Hist,  of  Eng.  Poet.;  Walt's  Bibl.^BrU.T  Word"' 
worths   Eodes.   Biog.;    Hallam's    Lit    Hist    If  17 
Lowndes's  Bibl.  Man"  '  A  newTdit.  o;'his^V orks,  n^owrsj 

R  V  Tosiah' P  'ti'  ^•"«ti;'g-P'^y.  Kotes,  Indei,ll,'by 
liev  Josiah  Pratt,  was  pub.,  Lon.,  1808.  in   10  vols    Svo 

Halt'w  ^  ''b'  a^n."'  "''"■'  l'^  '■'^  Jescendan  ,  Rev  Pe™; 
Ha  1,  was  pub.,  Oxf.,  1837-39,  in  12  vols.  8vo,  £5      ThL 

Vo    I  'Bitr'"'  r'\  %""'■    '''  ™°'^-"^  "-  -  '■"'low- 
T„^  liiographical  Pieces  ;  Contemplations  on  the  Old 

Te  tamen t.  Books  1-17.  II.  Contemplations  on  the  0  d 
Tesamen  ,  Books  18-21;  Contempliitions  on  the  New 
Savid"'^"lV   p"-  ^""I't^^^'^o"  """•  Texts,  Genesfs  to 

ladon.-  v'^Se';m7n  ."Tl"  Vn''^^i.:;;,^^:',\\?-'T  '"  IV^i 
Devo.ional  Works  ;  Misceiialeo'us'^to  4^  "'l^^-  ^'  ^J" 
lemica  Works  XL  Laiin  Theology,  wifh  Transliuion; 
ML  Mundus  Alter  et  idem;  Quo  vldis?  A  Cen  nre  of 
Travel ;  Poetical  Works  ;  Appendix  ;  Indices.    Of  separate 

^any'edU  "Thfrn^  T  "'^  r"""«^'  "--b-  been 
many  eaits.  Ihe  most  comprehensive  of  these  is  Selec 
t.ons  by  the  Rev.  Josiah  Pratt,  1808,  5  vols.  Svo  £2  2, 
We  proceed  to  quote  a  number  of  opinions  by  eminent 
authorities  respecting  the  merits  of  a  number  of  the  work, 
I  uf  this  profound  scholar  and  excellent  man : 


HAL 


HAL 


1.  Satires:  ViRGiDEMiARrM:  pub.  1597-98.  These 
were  pub.  at  the  early  age  of  twenty-three.  It  is  proper 
to  quote  iu  this  connexioa  the  remark  of  Dr.  Drake: 

*' Poetry  was  the  occupation  merely  of  his  youth;  the  vigour 
and  decline  of  his  days  Iwing  employed  iu  the  composition  of  pro- 
fessional works,  calculated,  by  their  piety,  eloquence,  and  origin- 
ality, to  promote,  in  the  most  powerful  manner,  the  best  interests 
of  morality  and  relit^ion." 

'■The  first  professed  English  satirist,  to  speak  technically,  is 
Bishop  .Joseph  Hall,  .  .  .  These  satires  are  marked  with  a  classical 
precision,  to  whi^-h  KngUsh  poetry  had  yet  rarely  attained.  They 
are  replete  with  animation  of  style  and  sentiment.  The  indigna- 
tion of  the  satirist  is  always  the  result  of  good  sense.  >'or  are  the 
thorns  of  severe  inTective  unmixed  with  the  flowers  of  pure  poetry. 
The  characters  are  delineated  in  strong  and  lively  colouring,  and 
their  disL-riminations  are  touched  with  the  masterly  traces  of 
genuine  humour.  The  versification  is  equally  energetic  and  ele- 
gant, and  the  fabric  of  the  couplets  approarhes  to  the  modern 
standard."— IIT/Won's  Hist,  of  Eng.  Bict.,  ed.  1S40,  iii.  404r44l. 
■Read  this  "  masterly  piece  of  criticism." 

"The  best  Poetry  and  the  truest  Satire  in  the  English  language. 
...  I  wish  I  had  seen  them  sooner." — Alexander  Pope. 

*'This  powerful  and  truly  ori^cinal  writer  is  the  earliest  professed 
Satirist  among  our  Poets;  and  he  has  himself  alluded  to  that  iact 
with  a  proud  and  pardonable  egotism : 

I  first  adventure:  follow  me  who  list, 
And  be  the  Second  English  Satirist.' 
nis  Satires,  besides  their  own  intrinsic  poetical  excellences,  are 
valuable  to  the  Antiquary  as  presenting  a  most  vivid  and  faithful 
picture  of  the  manners  of  our  ancestors;  their  fa.'^hions,  follies, 
vices,  and  peculiarities.  These  Hall  has  touched  with  a  powerful 
and  unsparing  hand.  Scribblers,  Lawyers,  Parsons,  Physicians, 
all  those  unfortunate  classes  of  men,  who  have,  from  time  imme- 
morial, enjoyed  the  unenvied  privilege  of  attracting  the  peculiar 
notice  of  the  Satiric  Muse,  are  by  him  laid  bare  and  shrinking  to 
the  scorn  and  hatred  of  Mankind."— iftrtrj/  JVeeh's  Lects.  on  Eng- 
lish Puetry. 

"  In  many  instances,  Hall  redeems  the  antiquity  of  his  allusions 
by  their  ingenious  adaptation  to  modern  manners ;  and  this  is  but 
a  small  part  of  his  praise:  for  in  the  point,  and  volubility,  and 
vigour  of  Hall's  numbers,  we  might  frequently  imagine  ourselves 
perusing  Dryd-^n." — Thomas  Campbell's  JVotices  of  the  British  Poets. 
But  Mr.  Hallam  questions  Hall's  claim,  asserted  by 
himself  and  since  generally  allowed,  to  be  considered  the 
first  English  satirist: 

"  In  a  general  sense  of  satire,  we  have  seen  that  he  had  been 
anticipated  by  Gascoigne;  but  Hall  has  more  of  the  direct  Juve- 
nalian  invective,  which  he  may  have  reckoned  essential  to  that 
species  of  poetry." 

He  considers,  also,  that  Hall's  Satires  have  been  "  praised 
by  Campbell,  as  well  as  by  Warton.  full  as  much  in  my 
opinion  as  they  deserve,"  and  remarks : 

*■  Hall  is  in  fact  not  only  so  harsh  and  rugged  that  he  cannot 
be  read  with  much  pleasure,  but  so  obscure  in  very  many  places, 
that  he  cannot  be  understood  at  all,  his  lines  fieijuenfly  bearing 
no  visible  connexion  in  sense  or  grammar  with  their  neighbours." 
—Lit.  Hist,  of  Europe. 

2.  Epistles:  pub.  1608-11. 
"  An  able  inquirer  into  the  literature  of  this  period  has  affirmed 

that  Hall's  Epistles,  written  before  the  year  161^.  are  the  first  ex- 
ample of  epistolary  composition  which  England  had  seen.  '  Bishop 
Hall.'  he  says,  'was  not  only  our  first  satiiist.  but  was  the  first 
■who  brought  epistolary  writing  to  the  view  of  the  public;  which 
•was  common  in  that  age  to  other  parts  of  Europe,  but  not  prac- 
tised in  England  till  he  published  his  own  Epistles.'  And  Hall 
himself  in  the  Dedication  of  his  Epistles  to  Prince  Henry  observes. 
*  Your  grace  shall  herein  perceiue  a  new  fiisbion  of  discourse  by 
Epistles,  new  to  our  language,  vsuall  to  others:  and.  as  nouelty 
Is  neuer  without  plea  of  vse,  more  free,  more  famili:ir."' — }Var- 
«m'5  Hist,  of  Eng.  Poet. 

But  Warton  assigns  to  Roger  Aseham  the  first  and  to 
Howell  the  second  place,  in  order  of  time,  iu  this  depart- 
ment of  letters. 

Campbell  also  falls  into  the  error  of  denominating 
Bishop  Hall  "the  first  who  gave  our  language  an  example 
of  epistolary  composition  in  prose."  See  his  Notices  of 
the  Britii-h  Poets. 

3.  CoNTEMPL.\TIONS  UPON  THE  PRINCIPAL  PASSAGES  OF 
THE  HlST.  OF  THE  New  TESTAMENT:    pub.   1612-15. 

"Incomparably  valuable  for  language,  criticism  and  devotion." 
—Dr.  DoDDRirioE. 

"  The  first  and  last  terms  are  justly  applied,  but  not  the  middle 
one;  as  there  is  very  little  criticism,  in  the  proper  meaning  of  the 
term,  in  any  of  the  works  of  Hall.  .  .  .  There  is  a  great  vaiiety 
of  sentiment,  and  great  richness  of  thought  and  expression,  in 
these  Contemplations.  The  historical  passngea  are  often  very 
happily  illustrated;  and  a  pure  and  elevated  devotion,  combined 
with  a  fine  imagination,  pervades  the  whole." — Orme's  BiU.  Bib. 

"Very  devotional  and  useful." — Bid.erstetk's  Chris.  S(u. 

"  A  vein  of  piety,  and  even  an  original  cist  of  observation,  runs 
through  the  greater  part  of  his  performances;  and  his  Contempla- 
tions, in  particular,  breathe  the  fire  of  poetry  as  well  as  of  devo- 
tion,"— DlBLiN  :  Lib.  Oimp. 

"The  Contemplations  of  Hall  are  among  his  most  celebrated 
works.  They  are  prolix,  and  without  much  of  that  vivacity  or 
Btriking  novelty  we  meet  with  in  the  devotional  writings  of  his 
contemporary.  [Jeremy  Taylor.]  but  are  perhaps  more  practical 
and  generally  edif\ing." — Hullum's  Lit.  Hist,  of  Europe. 

4.  The  6li'  Rkligio.n;  or,  the  Difierence  between  the 
Keformed  and  the  Komish  Church:  pub.  1628. 


A  very  able  work. 

"Quo  ostenditur  evangelicnm  religionem  esse  antiquam  atque 
apostolicam;  Romanam  contra  novam  atque  ab  hominibus  ex- 
cogitatam." — Walch. 

5.  Explication  of  all  the  Hard  Texts  of  the  Whole 
Divine  vScripture:  pub.  163.3-34. 

"These  expository  notes  are  very  valuable,  especially  for  show- 
ing the  spirit  and  force  of  many  expressions  that  occur."— Db, 
Doddridge. 

'*  They  do  not.  however,  contain  much  learned  criticism.  Most 
of  them,  if  not  all.  are  inserted  in  the  valuable  Commentary  of 
Bp.  Mant  and  Dr.  D'Oyly."— So rn^'s  Bibl.  Bib. 

"  This  paraphrase  includes  many  texts  which  are  not  hard  ;  and 
on  many  hard  texts  it  throws  little  light.  Occasionally  a  critical 
remark  occurs,  and  frequently  the  point  and  energy  of  a  particular 
sentiment  is  happilv  noti.-ed  ;  but  the  reader  who  repairs  to  these, 
volumes  for  the  solution  of  many  difficulties  in  the  language  or 
doctrine  of  the  Bible  will  certainly  be  di.'^appointed.  He  who 
undertakes  too  much  must  always  fail  to  afford  satisfaction.  An 
explication  of  all  the  hard  texts  in  the  Bible  was  too  vast  an  un- 
dertaking even  for  Bishop  Hall,  though  his  learning  was  greater 
than  that  of  most  of  the  men  of  his  age,  and  his  industry  not 
inferior  to  any." — 0}-me's  Bibl.  Bib. 

"  Very  devotional  and  use(a\."—Bick€Tsteth*S  C.  & 

6.  Christian  Meditations  :  pub.  1640. 
"Next  to  his  Contemplations  are  his  Meditations,  Letters,  and 

Balm  of  Gilead."— Dr.  Doddridge.  . 

*■  Best  of  all  in  his  Meditations."— i^«?^r's  WTthies  of  Letc^tcr- 

shire.  ^  ,  ..    , X 

"  Bishop  Hall's  beautiful  Meditations  were  not  less  suited  to  our 
day  than  to  his."— Kev. Charles  Bridges:  Memoir  of  M.  J.  Gra- 
havi. 

7.  Episcopacy  by  Divine  Right  asserted  :  pub.  1640. 
"In  this  the  good  Bishop  endeavours  to  fix  Episcopacy  upon 

the  s-nme  basis  of  apostolical  institution,  and  to  demolish  the  sys- 
tem of  the  Puritans,  by  demonstrating  that  Presbyterianism  had 
no  existence  for  the  first  fifteen  centuries  of  the  Christian  era,  and 
that  it  owed  its  being  to  the  inventive  Ctculties  of  Calvin." — 

BOGUE. 

8.  MuNDUS  Alter  et  idem:   sive  Terra  Australis 

ANTE  HAC  SEMPER  INCOGNITA  AdTHORE  MeRCCRIO  BrITAN- 

Nico  :  pub.  1643.  An  English  version  was  pub.  by  John 
Healey,  under  the  title  of  Discovery  of  a  New  World,  Svo. 
"  I  can  only  produce  two  books  by  English  authors  in  this  first 
part  of  the  seventeenth  century  which  fall  properly  under  the  class 
of  novels  or  romances;  and  of  these  one  is  written  in  Latin.  This 
is  the  Mundus  Alter  et  Idem  of  Bishop  Hall,  an  imitation  of  the 
latter  and  weaker  volumes  of  Rabelais.  A  country  in  Terra  Aus- 
tralis is  divided  into  four  regions,  Cinpulia,  Viraginia,  Moronea, 
and  Lavernia.  Maps  of  the  whole  Land  and  of  particular  regions 
are  given;  and  the  nature  of  the  satire,  not  much  of  which  has 
any  especial  reference  to  England,  may  easily  be  collected." — 
Hallam's  Lit.  Hist,  of  Europe. 

The  other  novel  referred  to  by  Mr.  Hallam  is  Francis 
Godwin's  M,in  in  the  Moon.  It  has  been  supposed  that 
Swift  borrowed  the  idea  of  Gulliver's  Travels  from  Hall's 
Mundus  Alter  et  Idem:  but  see  uur  life  of  Francis  God- 
win. We  conclude  with  some  opinions  respecting  the 
general  merits  of  this  eminent  divine  as  a  scholar  and  an 
author ; 

"  He  was  noted  for  a  singular  wit  from  his  youth:  a  most  acute 
rhetorician  and  an  elegant  poet.  He  understood  many  tongue.s; 
and  in  the  rhetorick  of  his  own  he  was  second  to  none  that  lived 
in  his  time." — Rev.  John  Whitefoote:  Bishop  HaWs  Funeral 
Serrnon. 

"  He  was  commonly  called  our  English  Seneca,  for  the  pureness, 
plainness,  and  fulness  of  his  style.  Not  unhappy  at  controversies, 
more  happy  at  comments,  very  good  in  his  chai-acter.  better  in  his 
sermons,  best  of  all  in  his  meditations.  ...  A  witty  poet  when 
young,  a  painful  preacher  and  solid  divine  in  his  middle,  a  patient 
sufferer  in  his  old,  age."— Tromas  Fuller. 

"  It  is  much  to  our  present  purpose  to  observe  that  the  style  of 
his  prose  is  strongly  tinctured  with  the  manner  of  Seneca.  The 
writer  of  the  satires  is  perceptible  in  some  of  his  gravest  pulemi.^al 
or  scriptural  treatises,  whirh  are  perpetually  interspersed  with 
excursive  illustrations,  familiar  allusions  and  observations  in  lite. 
Blany  of  them  were  early  translated  into  French." — Warto7i's  Hist. 
of  Eng.  P"€t. 

The  obligations  of  the  author  of  The  Sentimental  Jour- 
ney to  Bishop  Hall  have  been  exposed  by  an  ingenious 
critic,  whose  merits  we  have  already  considered : 

"There  is  a  delicacy  of  thought  and  tenderness  uf  expression  in 
the  good  Bishop's  compositions,  from  the  transfusions  of  which 
Sterne  looked  for  immortility."— Dr.  FERniAR. 

The  next  authority  to  be  quoted  is  not  noted  for  enthu- 
siastic eulogy  of  the  old  English  divines  j  but  he  can  hardly 
say  enough  in  favour  of  Bishop  Hall : 

"Imaginative  and  ropious  eloquence,  terse  and  pointed  sen- 
tences, full  of  piety  and  devotion.  Few  writers  more  likely  to  be 
useful  to  [Divinity]  students.  Let  them  thorou;rhly  read  and 
digest  such  a  writer,  and  they  will  he  furnished  for  most  of  the 
calls  upon  them." — Bickcrstelh'.^  C.  S. 

Here  we  must  conclude,  not  from  paucity  of  matter,  but 
narrowness  of  space.  The  similarity  between  Jeremy 
Taylor  and  Bishop  Hall  has  not  escnped  the  eye  of  criti- 
cism. A  late  eminent  authority  happily  defines  the  points 
of  likeness  and  contrast: 

"A  writer  as  distinguished  in  works  of  practical  piety  was  Hall. 
His  Art  of  Divine  Meditation,  bis  Contemplations,  and  indeed 
many  of  his  writings,  remind  us  frequently  of  Taylor.    Both  had 

7C3 


HAL 


HAL 


equally  pious  and  devotional  (tnipeis:  both  were  full  of  leftrniofr; 
both  feitile  of  illustration;  both  may  be  SHid  to  have  strong  imayi- 
nition  and  po>;ticaI  genius,  though  Taylor  let  his  predominate  a 
little  more.  Taylor  is  also  rathermore  subtle  and  ar^uiiientativf ; 
his  copiousness  has  more  real  variety.  Hall  kf.ps  nmr^-  cl^.'^fly  tn 
bis  subject,  dilates  upon  it  sometimes  more  teiiinuf.ly,  lutl  nwu- 
appositely.  In  his  sermons  there  is  some  excess  nt<iuut;itii)ii  and 
far-fetched  Ulustiation,  but  les.s  than  in  those  of  Taylor.  In  some 
of  their  writings  theSH  two  great  divines  resemble  each  other,  on 
the  whole,  so  much,  that  we  might  for  a  short  time  not  discover 
which  we  were  reading.  I  do  not  know  that  any  third  writer 
comes  close  to  either." — ffallam^s  Lit.  Hist,  of  Europe. 

Hall,  Joseph,  pub.  the  posthumous  Works  of  Rev. 
Jeremiah  Seed,  Lon.,  1760.  2  vols.  Svo. 

Hall,  Mrs.  Louisa  Jane,  a  daughter  of  Dr.  James 
Park,  of  Newburjport,  Mass.,  was  born  in  that  city,  Feb. 
7,  1802.  In  1S40  she  was  married  to  the  Rev.  Edward  B. 
Ilall,  a  Unitarian  minister  of  Providence,  Rhode  Island. 
Mrs.  Hall  has  attained  considerable  reputation  as  the 
author  of  Miriam,  a  Dramatic  Poem,  illustrative  of  the 
early  conflicts  of  tbc  Christian  Church.  Although  partly 
written  in  1825,  and  completed  not  long  after  this  date,  it 
was  not  pub.  till  1S37.  In  1828  she  gave  to  the  world 
Joanna  of  Naples,  an  Historical  Tale,  in  prose;  and  has 
also  pub.  a  Life  of  Elizabeth  Carter,  and  contributed  to 
the  periodicals  of  the  day.  Few  American  poetical  compo- 
eitious  have  been  more  highly  commended  than  Mrs.  Hall's 
Miriam.  See  Griswold's  Female  Poets  of  America;  Mrs. 
Hale's  Records  of  Woman  ;  Duyckincks'  Cyc.  of  Amer. 
Lit.;  Article  by  Mrs.  E.  F.  Ellet  on  The  Female  Poets  of 
America,  in  N.  Amcr.  Rev.,  Ixviii.  434,  43j. 

Hall,  Marshall,  M.D.,  d.  1857.  Principles  of  the 
Theory  and  I'ractiec  of  Medicine,  Lon..  1837,  Svo.  Amer. 
cd.,  by  Drs.  J.  Bigelow  and  0.  W.  Holmes,  Bost.,  1839,  Svo. 
Also  Lectures  and  Memoirs  on  the  Nervous  System,  and 
other  valuable  professional  works.  He  visited  the  United 
States  in  1S53  and  '54,  and  pub.  The  Twofold  Slavery  of 
the  United  States. 

Hall,  Mrs.  Matthew.  Lives  of  the  Queens  of  Eng- 
land before  the  Norman  Conquest.  Lon.,  1 854,  2  vols.  p.  Svo. 

"  We  have  no  doubt  that  many  innocent  people  will  till  up  one 
end  of  the  fihelves  which  contain  their  Lives  of  the  Qiu'ens  with 
this  suppositious  preface  and  introduction  to  them.  But  it  is  a 
piu-e  delu.sion;  and  we  beg  to  assure  all  well-intentioned  persons 
that  Sir  E.  B.  Lytton's  Harold  contains  a  hundred  fold  more  of 
real  historical  information  about  the  eaily  Saxon  Princesses  than 
they  will  find  in  the  empty  and  pretentious  pages  of  the  Qiietns 
bf/ore  the  Conquest;  where  Edith  the  Good  and  Edith  the  Fair 
come  in  after  all  the  Cartismanduas,  Guenevers.  and  look  as  life- 
less and  as  mythical  as  they." — Blackwood's  Mag.,  Oct.  1855. 

Hall,  Ucv.  Newman.  1.  Life  of  Wm.  Gordon,  M.D. 
See  the  name,  and  that  of  Godman,  John  D.,  M.D.  2.  Come 
to  Jesus.  New  ed.,  Lon.,  1854.  12mo.  This  little  book 
has  reached  its  fifty-fourth  thousand.  3.  Follow  Jesus. 
New  ed.,  1854,  18mo.  4.  It  is  I.  5.  Italy,  the  Land  of 
the  Forum  and  the  Vatican,  1853,  fp.  Svo. 

Hall,  P.  W,     Revealed  Law,  &c.,  1792.  Svo. 

Hall,  Peter,  1S03-1S49,  Rector  of  Milston,  Wilts, 
educated  at  Winchester  Coll.  and  at  Brasenose  Coll.,  Ox- 
ford, edited  the  Works  of  his  ancestor.  Bishop  Joseph  Hall, 
and  pub.  a  number  of  theological,  topographical,  aud  other 
works,  for  an  account  of  which  see  London  Gent.  Mag., 
Nov.  1849.  Among  the  most  valuable  of  his  works  are 
Reliquiee  Liturgia?,  1847,  5  vols.  ISmo,  and  Fragmenta 
Liturgica,  184S,  7  vols.  18mo.  At  the  time  of  his  death 
he  was  engaged  in  the  compilation  of  another  collection 
of  pieces  of  a  liturgical  character,  to  be  entitled  Monu- 
menta  Liturgica.  Mr.  Hall  pub.  in  1841,  Svo,  a  new  Eng- 
lish ed.  of  that  valuable  work,  The  Harmony  of  the  Pro- 
testant Confessions.  This  work  was  first  pub.  in  Latin,  at 
Geneva,  1581,  4to ;  then  in  English,  at  Cambridge,  15S6, 
12mo;  again,  Lon.,  1643,  4to.  These  edits,  have  become 
excessively  rare,  and  Mr.  Hall's  reprint  deserves  great 
commendation. 

"  I  recommend  the  Confession  of  Faith  of  the  Church  of  Saxony, 
with  the  elucidations  on  particular  points  to  be  found  in  the 
wurks  of  P.  Melancthon." — Bishop  IIurslev. 

Hall,  R.  G.  1.  Law  rel.  to  Trust  Terms,  <fec.,  Lon., 
1S20,  Svo.  2.  Rights  of  the  Crown  on  the  Sea-shores, 
1S30,  Svo. 

Hall,  Richard.  A  Library  of  Divinity ;  or.  Select 
Extracts  from  Sundry  Did  and  Eminent  Divines,  Lon. 

Hall,  Richard,  D.D.,  d.  Hll)4,  R.  Catholic  professor 
nt  Doiiay,  was  educated  at  Christ  College,  Cambridge. 
He  pub.  some  controversial  tracts,  but  is  Itest  known  as 
the  author  of  The  Life  and  Death  of  John  Fisher,  Bishop 
of  Rochester,  Lon.,  1653,  Svo,  which  goes  under  the  name 
of  its  editor,  Thomas  Bayly,  suhdean  of  Wells.  Another 
cd.  was  pub.  in  1739,  i2ino,  edited  by  Coxetcr.  Hall's 
life  of  Fisher  is  much  esteemed;  but  we  have  a  recent 
luography  of  this  distinguished  prelate  by  the  Kev.  John 
7G4 


Lewis.  See  Fisher,  John.  Respecting  Dr.  Richard  Hall, 
see  Dodd's  Church  Hist.;  Cole's  MS.  Athena;,  in  Brit. 
Museum. 

Hall,  Richard.  Hist,  of  Barbadoes,  1643-1762, 1765. 

TIall,  Robert.     See  Hevlin,  Peter,  D.D. 

Hall,  Robert.  1.  Serm.,  1713,  Svo.  2.  Four  Serms. 
3.  12  Serins,  on  the  Apostles'  Creed. 

Hall,  Robert.     The  Old  Quizzes;  a  Musical  Farce, 

1779,  12mo. 

Hall,  Robert,  d.  1791,  father  of  the  celebrated  Ro- 
bcrt  Hall,  chosen  pastor  of  a  Baptist  congregation  at 
Arnsby,  Leicestershire,  1753.  Help  to  Zion's  Travellers, 
Bristol,  1781,  ISmo ;  2d  ed.,  Lon.,  IS07,  ISmo. 

''  It  well  deserves  the  title."' — BicI.ersleth's  C.  S. 

For  an  account  of  Mr.  Hall  see  a  biographical  notice  in 
the  Works  of  his  son,  Robert  Hall. 

Hall,  Robert,  M.D.,  1763-1824,  an  army  and  navj 
surgeon,  subsequently  resided  at  Jedburgh  and  in  London. 
He  pub.  a  trans,  of  Spallanzani's  Experiments  on  the 
Circulation  of  the  Blood,  Lon.,  1801,  Svo,  and  other  pro- 
fess, treatises.  See  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit. ;  Georgian  Era,  ii.  585. 

Hall,  Robert,  1764—1831,  one  of  the  most  eminent 
of  modern  divines,  a  native  of  Arnsby,  in  Leicestershire, 
where  his  father  was  settled  as  pastor  to  a  congregation 
of  Baptists.  At  a  very  early  age  he  gave  evidence  of  un- 
common genius,  which  will  readily  be  admitted  when  we 
are  assured  upon  undoubted  authority  that 

"  Before  he  was  nine  years  of  age  he  had  perused  and  reperused, 
with  intense  interest,  the  treatises  of  that  profound  and  e.xtra- 
ordinary  thinker,  Jonathan  Edwards,  on  the  '  Affections'  and  on 
the  'Will.'  About  the  .same  time  he  read,  with  a  like  interest, 
'Butler's  Analof:;y.'  Before  he  was  ten  years  old  he  had  written 
many  essays,  principally  on  relii;ious  subjects,  and  often  invited 
his  brothers  and  sisters  to  hear  him  preach." — Dr.  OUnthus  Gre- 
gory's Memoir. 

He  was  placed  in  the  academy  of  Mr.  John  Ryland,  of 
Northampton,  and  afterwards  removed  to  the  institution 
at  Bristol   connected   with   the   Particular    Baptists.     In 

1780,  at  the  early  age  of  sixteen,  he  was  "set  apart"  by 
his  father  and  some  other  members  of  the  Baptist  commu- 
nion for  "public  employ"  as  a  preacher  of  the  word.  In 
little  more  than  a  year  after  this  ceremony  Robert  was 
sent  to  King's  College,  Aberdeen,  where  he  formed  a  close 
intimacy  with  Mr. — afterwards  Sir  James — Mackintosh. 
Sir  James  said  he  became  attached  to  Robert  Hall  *•  be- 
cause he  could  not  help  it." 

"  They  read  to;^ether;  they  sat  together  at  lecture,  if  possible; 
they  walUed  together.  In  their  joint  studies  they  read  much  of 
Xenophon  and  Herodotus,  and  more  of  Plato ;  and  so  well  was  all 
this  knuwn,  exciting  admiration  in  some,  in  others  envy,  that  it 
was  not  unusual,  as  they  went  along,  for  their  class-fellows  to 
point  at  them  and  say, 'There  go  Plato  and  irerodotus-'  .  .  .  There 
was  scarcely  an  important  position  in  Berkeley's  Minute  Philoso- 
pher, in  Butler's  AnaIo;j:y,  or  in  Edwards  on  thf'  ^Villj  over  which 
they  had  not  debated  with  the  utmost  intensity." 

In  1783  Mr.  Hall  accepted  an  invitation  from  the  church 
at  Broadmead  to  associate  himself  with  Dr.  Caleb  Evans 
as  the  assistant  pastor.  His  first  serm.  had  been  preached, 
when  only  sixteen  j'ears  of  age,  to  a  congregation  of  minis- 
ters, and  we  are  told  that  in  the  elucidation  of  his  text, 
"God  is  light,  and  in  Him  is  no  darkness  at  all,"  he 
treated  "this  mysterious  and  awful  suliject  with  such 
metaphysical  acumen,  and  drew  from  it  such  au  impres- 
sive application,  as  excited  the  deepest  interest."  We 
need  not  be  surprised,  therefore,  that,  after  three  years' 
intense  application  to  metaphysics  and  studious  perusal 
of  the  best  pulpit  models,  he  produced  such  an  impression 
on  his  auditors  as  to  "  crowd  the  place  of  worship  to 
excess."  In  1791  Mr.  Hall  assumed  the  pastoral  charge 
of  the  Baptif-t  congregation  at  Cambridge,  in  which  im- 
portant post  he  succeeded  the  unhappy  Mr.  Robinson. 
Mr.  Hall's  devotion  to  study  was  carried  to  an  excess 
which  resulted  in  the  most  painful  consequences. 

"Often  has  he  been  known  to  sit  close  at  his  reading,  or  yet 
more  intensely  engaged  in  abstract  thought,  for  more  than  twelve 
hours  in  the  day;  so  that,  when  one  or  two  of  his  kind  fiiends 
have  called  upon  him,  in  the  hope  of  drawing  him  from  his  solitude, 
they  have  found  him  in  such  a  state  of  nervous  excitement  as  led 
them  to  unite  their  efforts  in  persuading  him  to  take  some  mild 
narcotic  aud  retire  to  rest.  The  painful  result  may  be  anticipated. 
This  noble  mind  lost  its  equilibrium  ;  and  he  who  had  so  long  been 
the  theme  of  universal  admiration  now  became  the  subject  of  as 
extensive  a  sympathy.  Tbis  event  occurred  in  November,  1804. 
Mr.  Ilall  was  placed  under  the  care  of  Dr.  Arnold,  of  Leicester, 
whose  attention,  with  the  blessing  of  God.  in  about  two  months, 
restored  him  both  t<t  mental  and  bodily  health." 

But  it  is  painful  to  add  that,  in  about  twelve  months 
from  this  time,  "sleepless  nights,  habitual  exclusion  from 
society,  a  complete  self-absorption,"  and  the  incessant 
struggle  between  a  sense  of  duty  and  a  proper  regard  to 
his  health,  produced  a  recurrence  of  mental  derangement. 
The  judicious  measures  of  Dr.  Cos,  with  the  Divine  aidj 


HAL 

Boon  restored  the  ''complete  b.alancc  of  bis  mental  powers." 
It  was  considered  necessary,  however,  that  he  should  re- 
sign the  charge  of  his  congregation  at  Cambridge,  and  for 
a  year  at  least  seek  retirement  and  avoid  all  mental  ex- 
citement. A  connexion  was  thug  terminated  which  had 
subsisted  for  fifteen  years. 

In  about  two  years  from  this  time  he  felt  himself  suflS- 
fliently  re-established  in  health  to  take  charge  of  a  congre- 
gation in  Harvey  Lane,  Leicester,  where  he  was  married 
in  March,  1S08. 

•'The  people  are  a  simple-hearted,  affect  ion  ate,  praying  people, 
to  whom  I  prt-ach  with  more  pleasure  than  to  the  more  refined 
audience  at  Cambridjie." — Letter  to  Dr.  Ryhind. 

He  little  foresaw  thai  he  would  be  the  successor  of  the 
friend  to  whom  this  letter  was  written  ;  but  such  was  the 
fact.  Dr.  Hyland  "entered  into  rest"  in  1825,  and  in  the 
next  year  Mr.  Hall  resigned  his  post  at  Leicester,  which 
he  had  occupied  for  nearly  twenty  years,  and  returned, 
after  an  interval  of  forty-five,  to  the  scene  of  his  first  con- 
tinuous labours,  the  church  at  Broadmead,  Bristol. 

"  Some  of  the  friends  of  his  early  life  still  survived  to  welcome 
his  return  among  them;  and  many  others,  who  bad  profited  by 
his  pulpit  exertions  on  his  periodical  visits  to  Bristol,  congratu- 
lated themselves  that  he  to  whom,  under  (Jod,  they  owed  so  much, 
had  become  their  past<jr." 

His  separation  from  his  flock  at  Leicester,  among  whom 
he  had  gone  in  and  out  for  almost  twenty  years,  was  truly 
affecting. 

"The  day  of  separation — the  last  sacrament-Sabbath — was  a 
day  of  anguish  to  him  and  them,  of  which  1  shall  not  attempt  the 
description.  Suffice  it  to  say,  that  he  went  throu'.'h  the  ordinary 
public  duties  of  the  day  with  tolerable  composure;  but  at  the 
sacramental  service  he  strove  in  vain  to  conceal  bis  emotion.  In 
one  of  his  addresses  to  the  members  of  the  church,  on  adverting 
to  the  pain  of  separation  he  was  so  much  affeott-d  that  he  sat 
down,  covered  his  face  with  his  hands,  and  wept;  they,  sharing  in 
his  distress,  gave  unequivocal  signs  of  the  deepest  feeling.  Mr. 
Eustace  Carey,  who  was  prt- sent,  continued  (he  devotional  part  of 
the  service  until  Mr.  Hall  was  sufficiently  recovered  to  proceed. 
At  the  close  of  the  solemnity  the  weeping  became  again  universal, 
and  they  parted,  'sorrowing  most  of  all  that  they  should  see  his 
£ice  no  more,'" — De.  Gregory. 

Mr.  Hall  continued  actively  engaged  in  the  discharge 
of  ministerial  duty  at  Bristol  until  February  12,  1831, 
when  he  was  attacked  by  a  severe  complaint  in  the  chest, 
which  terminated  fatally  ou  the  21st  cf  the  same  month. 
He  died  "the  death  of  the  righteous,"  and  was  never 
greater  than  in  that  last  scene,  which  so  often  evinces  at  ' 
the  same  time  the  weakness  of  human  nature  and  the  effi-  ' 
cacy  of  that  strength  wherewith  God  endues  the  souls  of 
his  faithful  children.  "  Over  such  the  second  death  hath 
no  power,"  and  the  pangs  of  the  first  are  swallowed  up  in 
the  foretaste  of  that  exceeding  glory  which  "  God  hath 
prepared  for  them  who  love  him." 

A  friend  remarked  to  the  dying  believer,  "  This  God 
will  be  our  God!"  "Yes,  He  will,"  was  the  reply  j  "He 
will  be  our  guide  even  unto  death."     Surely 

"The  chamber  where  the  good  man  meets  his  fate 
Is  privileged  beyond  the  common  walks  of  life." 
In  the  controversy  excited  by  the  French  Revolution 
of  1789  Mr.  Hall  was  induced  to  take  a  part.  He  after- 
wards regretted  that  he  was  so  much  under  the  influence 
of  the  general  excitement  as  to  be  drawn  aside  from  his 
higher  obligations.     To  use  his  own  words — 

''The  Christian  ministry  is  in  danger  of  losing  something  of  its 
energy  and  sanctity  by  embarking  on  the  stormy  element  of  po- 
litical debate." 

The  principal  works  of  this  eminent  writer  and  orator 
were  as  follows: — 1.  Christianity  consistent  with  a  Love 
of  Freedom;  being  an  Answer  to  a  Sermon  by  the  Rev. 
John  Clayton,  Lon.,  1701.  Mr.  Hall  never  would  consent 
to  the  republication  of  this  essay.  The  principles  he  con- 
sidered correct,  but  he  regretted  the  tone  of  animadver- 
sion as  "severe,  sarcastic,  and  unbecoming." 

"  It  contains  some  powerful  reasoning,  as  well  as  some  splendid 


2.  Apology  for  the  Freedom  of  the  Press,  1793. 
"I  went  home  to  my  lodgings  and  began  to  write  immediately; 

sat  up  all  night,  and,  wonderful  for  me,  kept  up  the  intellectual 
forment  for  almost  a  month,  and  then  the  thing  was  done." 

3.  Modern  Infidelity  Considered,  1800.  See  an  interest- 
ing account  by  Dr.  Gregory  of  the  history  of  this  sermon. 

"I  mistake  greatly  if,  after  the  perusal  of  this  simple  narrative, 
the  reader  will  not  turn  to  the  sermon  with  additional  relish,  and 
meditate  with  augmented  pleasure  upon  the  peculiarities  of  this 
most  valuable  production  and  the  singular  character  of  its  au- 
thor's mind." 

4.  Reflections  on  War,  1802. 
"Conscious  that  what  is  here  advanced  was  meant  neither  to 

flatter  nor  offend  any  party,  he  is  not  very  solicitous  about  those 
misconstructions  or  misinterpietations  to  which  the  purest  inten- 
tions are  exposed." — Author's  Preface. 

5.  The  Sentiments  proper  to  the  Present  Crisis,  Fast- 
day,  1803. 


HAL 

*■  From  a  due  consideration  of  the  temper  of  the  times  ho 
thought  it  expedient  to  direct  the  attention  to  what  appeared  to 
him  the  chief  source  of  public  degeneracy,  rather  than  insist  at 
large  on  particular  vices." — Author^s  Prrfum  to  th^.  second  cditimt. 
6.  The  Discouragements  and  Supports  of  the  Christian 
Ministry;  a  Discourse  delivered  to  the  Rev.  James  Robin- 
son at  his  ordination.  7.  On  Terms  of  Communion  ;  with 
a  particular  view  to  the  case  of  the  Baptists  and  the  Pscdo- 
baptists,  1815.  Mr.  Hall,  was  a  warm  advocate  of"  Mixed 
Communion,"  while  Mr.  Kinghorn  was  a  zealous  champion 
of  exclusion.  8.  The  E.«sential  Difference  between  Chris- 
tian Baptism  and  the  Baptism  of  John  more  fully  stated 
and  confirmed.  9.  A  Sermon  oceasioned  by  the  death  of 
her  late  Royal  Highness  the  Princess  Charlotte  of  Wales, 
1817  ;  6th  cd.  pub.  in  1818.  Mr.  Hall  preached  three  ser- 
mons on  this  occasion,  of  which  many  of  the  auditors  affirm 
the  one  published  was  by  no  means  the  best. 

"  It  by  universal  acknowledgment  bore  the  palm  above  all  the 
numerous  valuable  sermons  that  were  then  published.  ...  In 
felicity  of  diction,  in  delicacy  and  pathos,  in  the  rich  variety  of 
most  exquisite  and  instructive  trains  of  thought,  in  their  cogent 
application  to  truths  of  the  utmost  moment,  in  the  masterly  com- 
bination of  what  in  elo.iuence,  philosophy,  and  religion  was  best 
calculated  to  make  a  permanent  and  salutary  impression,  this  ser- 
mon probably  stands  unrivalled." 

So  great  was  his  reputation  as  a  preacher,  that  some 
persons  were  in  the  habit  of  travelling  two  nights,  coming 
and  returning,  for  the  pleasure  of  hearing  him  on  Sunday. 
His  friend,  Dr.  Gregory,  gives  us  a  graphic  account  of  one 
of  these  occasions : 

"  From  the  commencement  of  his  discourse,  an  almost  breathless 
silence  prevailed,  deeply  impressive  and  solemnizing  from  its  singu- 
lar intenseness.  Not  a  sound  was  heard  but  that  of  the  preachers 
voice — scarcely  an  eye  but  was  fixed  upon  him — not  a  countenance 
that  he  did  not  watch,  and  read,  and  interpret,  as  he  surveyed 
them  again  and  again  with  his  rapid,  ever-excursive  glance.  As 
j  he  advanced  and  increased  in  animation,  five  or  six  of  the  auditors 
would  he  seen  to  rise  and  lean  forward  over  the  front  of  their  pews, 
I  still  keeping  their  eyes  upon  him.  Some  new  or  striking  sentiment 
or  expression  would,  in  a  few  minutes,  cause  others  to  rise  in  like 
manner:  shortly  afterwards  still  more,  and  so  on,  until,  long  be- 
fore the  close  of  the  sermon,  it  often  happened  that  a  considerable 
portion  of  the  congregation  were  seen  sUmding, — every  eye  directed 
to  the  preacher,  yet  now  and  then  for  a  moment  glancing  from  one 
to  the  other,  thus  transmitting  and  reciprocating  thought  and 
feeling: — Mr.  Hall  himself,  though  manifestly  absorbed  in  his 
subject,  conscious  of  the  whole,  receiving  new  animation  fmni 
what  he  thus  witnessed,  rellecting  it  back  upon  those  who  were 
already  alive  to  the  inspiration,  until  all  that  were  susceptible  of 
thought  and  emotion  seamed  wound  up  to  the  utmost  limit  of 
elev.ation  mi  earth, — when  ho  would  close,  and  they  reluctantly 
resume  their  seats." 

With  this  lifelike  picture  of  preacher  and  congregation 
fresh  in  their  minds,  let  our  readers  peruse  the  Sermon  on 
the  death  of  the  Princess  Charlotte,  or  that  entitled  "The 
Lamb  of  God,"  aud  imagine  such  a  discourse  so  delivered, 
and  they  will  not  marvel  when  told  that  when  Robert  Hall 
preached  "the  place  of  worship  was  crowded  to  excess," 
and  that  men  considered  the  hearing  of  one  sermon  cheaply 
purchased  by  the  loss  of  two  nights'  rest.  A  writer  in 
"  The  Pulpit,"  who  enjoyed  the  privilege  of  hearing  Mr. 
Hall's  sermon  on  the  "  Power  of  God,"  thus  describes  it: 
''  It  was,  without  exception,  the  most  wonderful  sermon  I  ever 
heard.  Every  quality  which  could  have  been  called  intfl  exercise 
on  such  an  occasion  seemed  concentrated  in  this  one  sermon.  Pro- 
foundly metaphysical,  without  bewildering  himself  or  his  hearers, 
and  elegant  without  the  shadow  of  alTectation — rapid  in  delivery, 
without  confusion — energt'tic,  without  rant — devout,  without  en- 
thusiasm— commanding,  without  austerity — affectionate,  without 
cant — argumentative,  without  pedantry :  the  whole  effect  was  be- 
yond what  it  is  possible  to  conceive  of  pulpit  eloquence." 

Another  writer  gives  us  a  speaking  picture  of  this  great 

orator : 

"  His  figure  was  not  commanding:  the  general  cast  of  his  conn- 

'  tenance  was  heavy;  his  voice  was  feeble  and  tremulous,  and  in- 

I  capable,  in  itself,  of  expressing  or  conveying  any  deep  emotion. 

I   About  action  or  gesture  he  was  perfectly  indifferent;  he  usually 

began  in  so  low  a  tone  as  to  be  scarcely  audible  ;  aud  preserved,  to 

the  last,  one  fixed,  though  unconstrained,  position.     As  he  wfis 

warmed  with  his  subject,  his  countenance  became  animated,  and 

his  voice,  still  retaining  its  character  of  breezy  softness,  swelled 

into  a  volume  of  delightful  melody.     While  he  was  preaching, 

such  was  the  unassuming  sinipUiity  of  his  style  and  manner,  and 

natural  fervour  with  which  he  carried  his  hearers  .ilong,  that  tbi-y 

entirely  lost  tight  of  the  man  for  the  moment.     As  he  approach>-d 

the  end  of  his  discourse,  he  became  peculiarly  animated,  though 

not  declamatory, — his  audience  were  interested,  aud.with  a  rapidity 

of  utterance  which  fixed  the  reporter,  like  a  statue,  in  admiration, 

and  frequently  defied  all  attempts  at  writing,  he  poured  forth  the 

various  stores  of  his  vast  imagination,  and  produced  an  effect  of 

which  few  can  conceive  who  have  not  witnessed  it  themselves." 

Mr.  Bosworth  tells  us 

"  When  he  began,  he  was  usually  calm  and  collected;  spealtini:; 
in  a  low  tone,  and  looking  onward  as  he  went,  as  if  to  survey  afresh 
the  region  of  thought  be  was  aViout  to  traverse,  but  not  often  giv- 
ing an  indication  of  those  torrents  of  eloquence  that  were  soon  to 
be  poured  from  his  lips.  Sometimes,  at  the  cnmnieiicenient,  ho 
hesitated,  and  seemed  perplexed,  as  jf  dis.satisfied  with  what  ha 
had  intended  to  say;  at  others,  wbea  be  was  about  to  establish  a 


763 


HAL 

truth  or  enforce  a  general  principle,  he  would  enter  upon  a  course 
of  cle^r  and  powerful  re;iSoning,  rendered  equally  attractive  and 
astonishing  by  the  delectable  purity  and  beauty  of  his  style.  In 
this  latter  case,  his  sentences  were  finished  with  such  exquisite 
care,  that  he  appeared  to  hare  selected,  not  merely  the  most  appro- 
priate, but  the  only,  words  which  served  his  purpose,  and  yet. 
delivered  with  such  freedom  and  ease,  that  they  seemed  the  first 
which  came  into  his  mind.  As  he  proceeded,  he  increased  in  ani- 
mation and  strength  of  utterance:  in  the  application  of  the  prin- 
ciples he  had  advanced,  or  the  doctrine  he  had  discussed,  he  grew 
more  intense  and  ardent;  and  when  he  had  risen  to  a  certain  pitch 
of  holy  excitement,  his  brow  would  expand,  his  countenance 
brighten,  and,  drawing  back  his  majestic  form  in  the  pulpit,  he 
would  come  forward  again,  charged  with  the  fulness  of  his  mes- 
sa'^e  to  his  hearers,  and  address  them  in  tones  and  language  which 
made  every  heart  vibrate.  But  it  was  not  with  his  lips  only  that 
he  spoke— his  eloquence  was  more  intellectual  and  spiritual  than 
audible  sounds  could  malie  it.  His  speaking  eye  told  volumes: 
whether  beaming  with  benignity,  or  blaziug  with  intense  and  hal- 
lowed feeling,  that  eye  indicated  sentiments  and  emotions  which 
■words  were  not  mnd^  to  express." 

"  The  richness,  variety,  and  extent  of  his  knowledge  are  not  so 
remarkable  as  his  absolute  mastery  over  it.  He  moves  about  in 
the  loftiest  sphere  of  contemplation,  as  though  he  were  '  native 
and  endued  to  its  element.'  He  uses  the  finest  classical  allusions, 
the  noblest  images,  and  the  most  exquisite  words,  as  though  they 
were  those  which  came  first  to  his  mind,  and  which  formed  his 
natural  dialect.  There  is  not  the  least  appearance  of  straining 
after  greatness  in  his  most  magnificent  excursions,  but  be  ri.ses  to 
the  loftiest  heights  with  a  childlike  ease.  His  style  is  one  of  the 
clearest  and  simplest— the  least  encumbered  with  its  own  beauty 
— of  any  which  ever  has  been  written."— i^roni  apaper  by  Sir  T. 
N.  TalfoutrL  on  Pulpit  Orntory,  in  the  Lmidon  Magazine,  iQ/ritary, 
1821,  and  quoted  in  "Th^  Gtori/ian  Era,'*  i.  405,  466. 
A  clerical  critic  tells  us  that, 

"Although  Mr.  Hall  possessed  considerable  learning,  he  rarely 
displayed  it;  generally  preferring  the  most  simple  phrases  he  could 
select,  to  express  his  meaning,  to  those  of  a  less  familiar  or  more 
ambitious  class.  On  one  occasion,  being  called  upon  to  conclude 
a  Service  with  prayer,  after  a  sermon  by  Dr.  Chalmers,  who  had 
been  even  more  than  ordinarily  brilliant,  he  clothed  his  address 
to  the  Deity  with  such  affecting  plainness  of  style,  that  the  con- 
gregation, who  had  been  wrought  up  to  a  painful  pitch  of  admira- 
tion by  the  dazzling  eloquence  of  the  preacher,  felt  a  delightful 
repose  in  the  chaste,  natural,  tender  simplicity  of  language  in 
which  Mr.  Hall  embodied  his  supplications." 

The  reader  will  no  doubt  be  pleased  to  read  more  upon 
this  theme: 

"  The  buld  diction,  the  majestic  gait  of  the  sentence,  the  vivid 
Illustration,  the  rebuke  which  could  scathe  the  offender,  the  burst 
of  honest  indignation  at  triumphant  vice,  the  biting  sarcasm,  the 
fervid  appeal  to  the  heart,  the  s;igacious  development  of  principle, 
the  broad  field  of  moral  vision — all  these  distinguish  the  composi- 
tions of  Robert  Hall ;  and  we  bear  our  most  willing  testimony  to 
their  worth." — Lon.  Quarterly  Eevifiv. 

"  His  diction  displays  an  unlimited  command,  and  an  exquisite 
choice,  of  language.  His  copious  use  of  Scripture  phrases  bestows 
upon  his  style  an  awful  sanctity.  The  same  purity  of  taste  which 
appears  in  his  choice  of  words  is  equally  apparent  in  the  forms  of 
expression  into  which  they  are  combined.  The  turn  of  his  phrases 
Is  gracefully  idiomatic.  In  the  construction  of  his  periods,  he  is, 
perhaps,  superior  to  any  other  writer.  He  seems  to  have  employed 
every  elegant  and  harmonious  form  of  which  the  language  admits; 
always  gratifying,  often  ravishing,  the  ear,  but  never  cloying  it." 

"  The  originality  with  which  he  views  every  subject,  and  the 
roaster-hand  with  which  he  grasps  it,  are  altogether  very  remark- 
able. He  follows  in  no  track  of  other  men ;  neither  his  thoughts 
nor  his  language  are  borrowed.  A  prodigious  power  of  memory 
in  the  use  of  Scripture,  an  exquisite  judgment  in  the  disposition 
of  his  materials,  are  united  with  a  boldness  of  conception,  and  a 
creative  force  of  imagination,  which  stamp  an  impress  of  origi- 
nality and  independence  on  all  his  reasonings." — A  writer  in  the 
Lon.  Christian  Observer. 

''  I  cannot  do  better  than  refer  the  academic  reader  to  the  im- 
mortal works  of  Kol>ert  Hall.  For  moral  grandeur,  for  Christian 
truth,  and  for  sublimity,  we  may  doubt  whether  they  have  their 
match  in  the  sacrt^d  oratory  of  any  age  or  country." — Professor 
Sedgwick;  in  ftis  Discourse  on  the  Studies  of  the  Cm'versity. 

*■  The  works  of  this  great  preacher  are.  iu  the  highest  sense  of 
the  term,  imaginative;  as  distinguished  not  only  from  the  didactic, 
but  the  fanciful.  He  possesses  'the  vision  and  faculty  divine'  in 
as  high  a  degree  as  any  of  our  writers  in  prose.  His  noblest  pas- 
sages do  but  make  truth  visible  in  the  form  of  beauty,  and  'clothe 
upou'  abstract  ideas  until  they  become  palpable  in  exquisite  shapes. 
The  dullest  writer  would  not  convey  the  siime  meaning  in  so  few 
words  as  he  has  done  in  the  most  sublime  of  his  illustrations." — 
Sir  T.  N.  Talfodrd:  Pulpit  Oratory,  in  Lon.  Mag.,  Feb.  1821. 

The  same  critic  remarks  that,  in  the  Discourse  on  the 
Prospect  of  an  Invasion  by  Napoleon.  Mr.  Hall 

*'  Blends  the  finest  remembrance  oft  he  an  tique  world — the  dearest 
associations  of  British  patriotism — and  the  pure  spirit  of  the  Gospel 
—in  a  strain  as  noble  as  could  have  been  poured  out  by  Tyrtajus." 
"  His  mind  is  little  to  be  envied,  if  from  the  perusal  of  Robert 
Uall  he  do  not  find  himself  a  more  accom]»lished,  a  wiser,  and  a 
better  man." — Church  of  England  Quarti.rl;/  Ifeview. 

"The  sermons  and  treatises  which  he  •'iimmitfed  to  the  press 
are  worthy  of  his  elevated  character,  and  will  ever  rank  among  the 
choicest  .specimens  of  sacred  literature.  They  show  the  strength 
and  beauty  of  which  the  English  language  is  capable." — Dr.  Wil- 
liams's C.  P. 

"  The  excellence  of  Mr.  Hall  does  not  consist  in  the  predominance 
of  any  one  of  his  powers,  but  in  the  exquisite  proportion  and  har- 
mony of  all." — Sir  T.  N.  Talfourd:  see  ante. 

"Hall,  the  most  distinguished  ornament  of    the  Calviulstic 
766 


HAL 

dissenters,  has  long  been  justly  ranked  with  the  highest  of  our 
classics.  His  sermons  are  admirable  specimens  of  pulpit  eloquence, 
not  to  be  surpassed  in  the  whole  compass  of  British  theology. 
Those  which  received  the  author's  own  imjtrimatur  are  vastly  su- 
perior to  any  that  are  either  taken  from  his  MSS.  or  supplied  from 
the  notes  of  shorthand  writers." — Lowntles's  Brit.  Lib. 

"Wo  iiuote  some  comparisons  instituted  between  Hall  and 
other  writers.  On  these  expressed  opinions  we  forbear  to 
make  any  comment.  Some  of  our  readers  will  unhesi- 
tatingly concur  with  them;  others  will  qualify,  and  not  a 
few  stoutly  contest  them. 

'•  Hall's  style  is  as  purely  English  as  Addison's,  without  its  oc- 
casional inaccuracy  and  pervading  fulness;  as  energetic  as  War- 
burton's,  without  his  coarseness,  and.  we  may  add.  as  classical  as 
Burke's,  without  his  pomp  and  artjficialness." — Lon.  EcUctic  Rev. 
for  18;i2. 

''He  is  more  massive  than  Addison,  more  easy  and  uncon- 
strained than  Johnson,  more  sot>er  than  Burke."— imi.  ^aar. 
Rev. 

Hear  Dugald  Stewart,  in  the  same  strain  : 
"  Whoever  wishes  to  see  the  English  language  in  its  perfection 
must  read  the  writings  of  that  great  divine,  Robert  Hall.     He 
combines  the  beauties  of  Johnson,  Addison,  and  Burke,  without 
their  imperfections." 

For  Hall's  opinion  of  Dugald  Stewart,  see  Memoir  by 
Dr.  Gregory :  we  have  not  room  for  an  extract  here.  If 
tbese  criticisms  savour  of  extravagance,  we  think  the  one 
subjoined  hardly  does  Mr.  Hall  justice  : 

"  Hall  is,  even  in  print,  much  of  the  orator:  although  his  lan- 
guage, with  all  its  richness,  betrays,  iu  his  published  writings, 
symptoms  of  anxious  elaboration.  Probably  there  could  not  be 
cited  from  him  any  thing  equal  in  force  or  originality  to  some 
passages  of  Foster's,  but  it  would  still  more  certainly  be  impossible 
to  detect  him  indulging  iu  feeble  commonplaces.*'— Spalding  : 
Hist,  of  Eng.  Lit. 

An  ardent  admirer  of  Hall  declares  that 
"  He  had  the  intellect  of  an  angel,  the  piety  of  a  saint,  and  the 
humility  of  a  worm." 

"  One  of  the  most  able  of  modern  writers,  with  a  clear,  argu- 
mentative, powerful,  masculine  mind,  and  a  correct  statement  of 
evangelical  truth;  .  .  .  of  .':iinilar  views  in  general  doctrine  to  Scott 
and  Fuller.  ...  A  powerful  and  faithful  writer,  excepting  his 
political  pamphlets,  which  are  a  beacon  to  warn  ministers  from 
such  subjects.  ...  A  remarkable  vigour  of  intellect  and  power 
of  language  distinguish  his  writings." — Bickersteth's  C.  S. 

"In  his  higher  fiights,  what  he  said  of  Burke  might,  with  the 
slightest  deduction,  be  applied  to  himself.  '  that  his  imperial  fancy 
laid  all  nature  under  tribute,  and  collected  riches  from  every 
scene  of  the  Creation  and  every  walk  of  art;"  [see  Burke,  in  this 
volume,]  and  at  the  same  time,  that  could  be  affirmed  of  Mr.  Hall 
which  could  not  be  affirmed  of  Mr.  Burke,— that  he  never  fatigued 
and  oppressed  by  gaudy  and  superfluous  imagery.  .  .  .  His  inex- 
haustible variety  augmented  the  general  effect.  The  same  images, 
the  same  illustrations,  scarcely  ever  recurred."— Dr.  Gregory. 

"  It  is  to  be  observed  that  imagination  had  always  been  a  sub- 
ordinate faculty  in  his  mental  constitution.  It  was  never  of  that 
prolific  power  which  threw  so  vast  profusion  over  the  oratory  of 
Jeremy  Taylor  or  of  Burke ;  or  which  could  tempt  him  to  revel, 
for  the  pure  indulgence  of  the  luxury,  as  they  appear  to  have 
sometimes  done,  in  the  exuberance  of  imaginative  genius.  _  As  a 
preacher,  none  of  his  contemporaries  who  have  not  seen  him  in 
the  pulpit,  or  of  his  readers  in  another  age.  will  be  able  to  con- 
ceive an  adequate  idea  of  Mr.  Hall.  .  .  .  He  displayed  in  a  most 
eminent  degree  the  rare  excellence  of  a  peifect  conception  and 
expression  of  every  thought,  however  rapid  the  succession."— 
John  Foster. 

"We  know  no  one  whose  style  is  so  strictly  after  the  classic 
model.  Like  the  ancient  statuai-y,  its  high  finish  proves  that  it 
must  have  been  elaborated;  but  all  art  is  hidden." — A  contributor 
to  the  Church  of  Irehnid  Mag. 

"  His  published  sermons  will  always  be  ranked  amongst  the 
finest  specimens  of  pulpit  eloquence  ever  given  to  the  world.  And 
yet  the  unanimous  testimony  of  all  who  heard  him  is  that  his 
"discourses  when  spoken  in  the  fervid  glow  of  imagination  and 
when  the  mind  was  full  of  the  subject,  were  far  superior  to  what 
was  afterwards  recorded  from  his  own  memory  or  the  notes  of 
others." — Dr.  Jamjeson:  Cyc.  of  Mod.  Re!.  Biog. 

'•In  the  eloquence  of  the  pulpit,  Robert  Hall  comes  nearer 
Massillon  than  either  Cicero  or  -Eschines  to  Demosthenes." — Lord 
Brougoam. 

See  also  an  essay  on  Pulpit  Eloquence  in  Lord  Broug- 
ham's contributions  to  the  Edin.  Review,  i.  100.  And  seer 
articles  in  the  Eclec.  Rev.,  iv.  s.  xv.  169  j  N.  Brit.  Rev., 
iv.  54;  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  Ixiv.  38-1.  See  also  John  Greene's 
Reminiscences  of  Robert  Hall,  and  sketches  of  his  Ser- 
mons preached  at  Cambridge  prior  to  ISOfi,  Lon.,  1832, 
8vo;  also.  Hall's  Miscellaneous  Works  and  Remains,  1846, 
sm.  8vo,  and  GilfiUan's  1st  and  3d  Galleries  of  Literary 
Portraits. 

'*  Mr.  Hall,  like  Bishop  Taylor,  has  the  eloquence  of  an  orator, 
the  fancy  of  a  poet,  the  acuteuess  of  a  schoolman,  the  profound- 
ness of  a  philosopher,  and  the  piety  of  a  saint."— 2>r.  Farr's 
Spital  Sermon. 

We  conclude  this  imposing  array  of  distinguished  com- 
mendations by  the  testimony  of  Hall's  attached  friend 
and  sincere  mourner,  Sir  James  Mackintosh.  From  this 
accomplished  person  a  biography  of  Hall  was  expected, 
when—"  what  shadows  we  are  .'"—Sir  James  was  gathered 
to  his  fathers,  and  became  himself  the  theme  of  an  epitaph 
and  the  subject  of  the  biographer's  pen ! 


HAL 


HAL 


"His  sermons  are  distinguished  by  solid  rtnd  profound  pbilo- 
Eophy.  and  breathe  a  spirit  of  humility,  pit-ty.  and  charity,  worthy 
of  that  pure  and  divine  relij^ion  tn  the  defence  of  which  the 
author  has  consecrated  his  talents.  Ilis  eloquence  is  of  the  highest 
Older,  the  natural  effusion  of  a  fertile  iaiaL'in.ition  and  of  an 
ardent  mind,  while  his  style  is  easy,  various,  and  animated.  On 
a  review  of  all  his  various  excellencies,  we  cannot  hut  expect  with 
confidence  that  the  name  of  Robert  Ilall  will  be  placed  by  pos- 
terity among  the  best  writers  of  the  :ige.  as  well  as  the  most 
vigorous  defenders  of  religious  truth,  and  the  briy;htest  examples 
of  Christian  charity." 

There  Lave  been  several  publications  of  portions  of  Hall's 
works,  and  a  number  of  collective  editions.  Works,  with 
a  Memoir  of  the  author  by  Dr.  0.  Gregory,  and  Observa- 
tions on  his  character  as  a  preacher,  by  John  Foster,  Lon., 
1831-33,  6  vols.  8vo  ;  1S39,  6  vols.  8vo  ;  1845,  6  vols.  Svo ; 
1846,  6  vols.  fp.  Svo;  11th  ed.,  1853,  6  vols.  Svo.  Con- 
tents: Vol.  I.  Sermons  ;  Charges;  Circular-Letters.  11. 
Works  on  terms  of  Communion ;  Difference  between 
Christian  Baptism  and  the  Baptism  of  John  ;  Reply  to 
Kinghorn,  being  a  Further  Vindication  of  Free  Com- 
munion. III.  Christianity  Consistent  with  Love  of  Free- 
dom ;  Apology  for  the  Freedom  of  the  Press ;  On  the 
renewal  of  the  Charter  of  the  East  India  Company;  Ap- 
peal in  behalf  of  the  Frame-work  Knitters'  Fund ;  Reply 
to  Objections  against  this  Society ;  Slavery  in  the  West 
Indies ;  Fragments ;  Christian  in  opposition  to  Party 
Communion  ;  Miscellaneous  Pieces.  IV.  Articles  from  the 
Eclectic  Review;  Miscellaneous  Pieces.  V.  Notes  of 
Sermons;  Letters.  VI.  Memoir  by  Gregory;  Hall's  Cha- 
racter, by  Foster;  Sermons;  Index. 

"Are  there  any  of  you,  my  readers,  who  have  not  read  the  Life 
of  Robert  Hall?  If  so,  *  when  found,  make  a  note  of  it.'  Never 
mind  your  theological  opinion,  orthodox  or  heterodox — send  for 
Robert  Uall !  It  is  the  life  of  a  man  that  it  does  good  to  man- 
hood itself  to  contemplate."' — Sii'  E.  Buhvcr  Lytton's  CaxUms,  vol. 
ii.  p.  1-21. 

Hall,  S.  R,,  of  the  Seminary  for  Teachers,  Andover. 
1.  The  Instructor's  Manual,  Bost..  1851.  16mo.  2.  Leets. 
on  Education,  Lon.,  12mo.  3.  Geography  for  Children, 
X.  York,  ISmo. 

Hall,  S.  S.,  Counsellor-at-Law.  N.  Orleans.  Bliss  of 
Marriage;  or,  How  togetaRich  Wife,  N.  Orleans, 1858, 12mo. 

Hall,  Samuel  Carter,  editor  of  the  Art  Journal, 
b.  at  Topsham,  Devon,  in  1800.  has  edited  The  Book  of 
Gems,  The  Book  of  British  Ballads,  Royal  Gems  from  the 
Galleries  of  Europe,  Baronial  Halls,  &.C.,  but  is  best  known 
by  his  share  in  au  illustrated  work  on  Ireland,  written  in 
conjunction  with  his  wife.  See  Hall,  Mas.  Samcel 
Carter,  No.  11. 

•'  We  may  say,  on  the  whole,  that  the  literary,  legendary,  and 
antiquarian  portions  of  the  work  are  compiled  with  laudable  dili- 
gence ;  the  illustrations  are,  for  the  most  part,  clear  and  interest- 
ing; and  the  statements  and  opinions  are  in  general  as  sensible, 
candid,  and  trustworthy,  as  could  be  expected  from  writers  who 
feirly  confess  their  unwillingness  to  say  any  thing  discreditable 
to  the  country  and  the  majority  of  its  people." — Lon.  Quar.  Eev., 
Sept  1849. 

Mr.  Hall  was  formerly  the  editor  of  The  Amulet,  The 
New  Monthly  Magazine,  and  The  British  Magazine.  He 
has  assisted  Mrs.  llall  in  several  works,  in  addition  to  the 
one  above  noticed. 

Hall,  Mrs.  Samuel  Carter,  formerly  Miss  Ann 
Maria  Fielding,  wife  of  the  preceding,  is  a  native  of 
Wexford,  Ireland,  but  removed  to  London  at  the  early  age  of 
fifteen.  As  a  graphic  delineator  of  Irish  peculiarities,  and 
a  skilful  painter  of  those  domestic  experiences  which  are 
much  alike  among  all  nations,  Mrs.  Hall  has  acquired 
great  reputation.  The  following  are  her  principal  works : 
1.  Sketches  of  Irish  Character,  1829,  r.  Svo;  1844,  r.  Svo; 
1846,  r.  8vo;  1849,  r.  Svo;  1854,  Svo.  2.  Chronicles  of  a 
School-Room.  1S30, 12mo.  3.  Sketches  of  Irish  Character: 
Series  Second,  1831;  see  No.  1.  4.  The  Buccaneer;  a 
Novel,  1832,  3  vols.  p.  Svo  ;  1849.  fp.  Svo.  5.  Tales  of 
Woman's  Trials,  1834,  r.  Svo;  1846,  r.  Svo;  1852.  Svo. 
6.  The  Outlaw;  a  Novel,  1835,  3  vols.  p.  Svo;  1S48,  fp. 
Svo.  7.  Uncle  Horace;  a  Novel,  1835,  3  vols.  p.  Svo.  8. 
Lights  and  Shadows  of  Irish  Life,  1S38,  3  vols.  p.  Svo. 
9.  Marian  ;  or,  A  Young  Maid's  Fortunes,  1S40,  3  vols.  p. 
Svo;  1847,  12mo.  10.  Tales  of  the  Irish  Peasantry,  1840. 
Svo.  11.  Ireland,  its  scenery,  character,  Ac,  1841-43, 
3  vols.  imp.  Svo.  See  Hall,  Samuel  Carter.  12.  The 
White  Boy  ;  a  Novel,  1845,  2  vols.  p.  Svo.  13.  Midsummer 
Eve  ;  a  Tale  of  Love,  1847,  Svo.  14.  Pilgrimages  to  Eng- 
lish Shrines,  1S50,  Svo.  15.  Popular  Tales  and  Sketches  : 
IS  Tales,  now  first  collected  for  the  '*  Amusing  Library," 
1856.  As  stated  in  the  preceding  article,  Mrs.  Hall  has 
published  several  works  in  conjunction  with  her  husband. 
!"jhe  has  also  written  several  minor  dramas,  of  which  the 
first — the  French  Refugee — was  brought  out  with  great 
FAiCcess  in  London  in  1837.    Mrs.  Hall  has  also  been  a  large 


contributor  to  the  periodicals  of  the  day.     We  quote  some 
opinions  respecting  the  merits  of  this  popular  writer: 

".Mrs.  Hall  has  already  shown  her  fitness  for  the  task  by  an  in- 
timate acquaintance  with  that  class  of  Irish  life  which  affords  the 
animated  portion  of  her  descriptions.  She  paints  the  peasantry 
and  working-cLtsses  of  the  country  with  fidelity,  and  her  pen  is 
powerfully  assisted  by  the  productions  of  the  pencil  which  she 
has  called  to  her  aid."' — Lon.  AthencEum. :  notice  of  Skeiclies  of 
Irish  Character. 

"The  Irish  Sketches  of  this  lady  resemble  considerably  Miss 
Mitford's  beautiful  En^^lish  sketches  in  Our  Village;  hut  they  are 
more  vigorous  and  picturesque,  and  brij^ht  with  an  animated  and 
warm  nationality,  apologetic  and  defensive,  which  Miss  Mitford, 
writing  of  one  class  of  English  to  another,  had  no  occasion  to  use." 
— Bhickumnd's  Mag.,  vol.  Ixxvii. 

"Mrs.  Hall  is  really  a  charming  writer;  and  her  Irish  stories 
more  especially — not  at  all  like  Miss  Kdgeworth's  Tales  or  Crofton 
Croker's  Fairy  Legends,  both  admirable  in  their  way — are  full  of 
life  and  character,  with  that  mixture  of  humour  and  pathns 
which  seems  the  native  temperament  of  the  children  of  Erin." — 
Lo7i.  Eclectic  Kev. 

"  In  her  Irish  stories  Mrs.  Hall  excels.  Her  rustic  maidens  are 
copied  from  the  cottage;  nothing  can  be  more  faithful  and  lively  : 
nor  are  her  hinds  and  husbandmen  anything  inferior.  We  no- 
where see  the  Irish  character  more  justly  or  so  pleasantly  repre- 
sented. She  sees  Nature  in  her  proper  dimensions ;  there  is  fancy, 
but  no  exaggeration,  and  life  always." — Allan  Cun>"1>gh.uj  :  Bi'jg. 
and  Crit.  Htif.  of  Lit.  of  the  La^t  'Fifty  Ymrs. 

'•There  is  about  them  [Tales  of  Woman's  Trials]  a  still,  and  a 
solemn,  and  a  holy,  beauty  that  is  worthy  of  the  sacred  subject 
which  they  illustrate;  and  what  subject  is  better  fitted  to  appeal 
to  every  generous  sympathy,  to  every  tender  emotion,  of  man's 
nature?  What  subject  better  fitted  to  be  delineated  by  woman's 
pen?"— Z>uW.  Univ.  Mag.,  vii.  a)5-213. 

"Whatever  expectations  the  name  of  Lights  and  Shadows  of 
Irish  Life  may  excite  in  the  reader  from  its  resemblance  to  the 
name  of  the  exquisite  volumes  on  Scottish  Life  which  bear  a  simi- 
lar title,  it  is  not  too  much  to  say  they  \\ill  be  satisfied." — Ibid.^ 
xii.  218-225. 

It  is  indeed  high  praise  which  has  been  awarded  to  thia 
lady,  that 

"  There  is.  also,  in  every  thing  she  has  published,  the  still  higher 
merit — and  without  which  all  other  pretensions  to  praise  are  worse 
than  indifferent — of  belonging  to  the  most  unexceptionable  school 
of  morals.  She  never  tries  to  enlist  our  sympathies  on  the  side  of 
vice." — Duhl.  Univ.  Mag.,  xvi.  146-147. 

See  this  notice  of  Mrs.  Hall's  writings,  accompanied  by 
her  portrait;  see  also  same  periodical,  vols.  vii.  205-213; 
xii.  218-225;  xiv.  477— 179.  And  see  a  notice  of  Mrs.  Hall, 
accompanied  by  a  portrait,  in  Fraser's  Mag.,  xv.  718  ;  Lon. 
Month  Rev.  fur  May,  1S31  :  Lon.  Athenseum.  1842,  p.  18S. 

HallyMi'S.  8arah,  1761-1830.  a  lady  of  great  virtues 
and  accomplishments,  a  native  of  Philadelphia,  was  a 
daughter  of  the  Rev.  John  Ewing,  D.D.,  for  many  years 
Provost  of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania  and  Pastor  of 
the  First  Presbyterian  Church  of  Philadelphia.  In  1782 
Miss  Ewing  was  married  to  Mr.  John  Hall,  of  Maryland, 
and  after  this  event  resided  alternately  in  the  latter  State 
and  in  Philadelphia,  with  the  exception  of  four  years 
passed  in  Lambertou,  New  Jersey.  Mrs.  Hall  is  best 
known  as  the  author  of  Conversations  on  the  Bible,  of 
which  four  edits,  were  pub.  in  this  country  and  one  or  two 
in  London;  1st  edit.,  1818,  ISmo.  A  2d  vol.  was  added 
and  ihe  whole  issued  in  1821,  2  vols.  ISmo;  5th  ed.,  1837, 
12mo,  pp.  360.    This  volume  has  been  highly  commended : 

"This  work  is  written  with  that  ease  and  simplicity  which  be- 
longs to  true  genius,  and  contains  a  fund  of  information  which 
could  only  have  been  collected  by  diligent  research  and  mature 
thought."'— I*ROFESSon  John  S.  Hart,  of  Philo/lelphia. 

Mrs.  Hall  was  a  contributor  to  the  Portfolio,  of  which 
her  son,  John  E.  Hall,  was  for  more  than  ten  years  the 
editor;  and  her  essays  and  criticisms  pub.  in  that  peri- 
odical 

"  May  readily  be  distinguished,  as  well  by  their  vivacity  as  the 
classic  purity  of  their  diction." — Mrs.  S.  J.  Hale. 

A  small  vol.,  containing  selections  from  her  miscella- 
neous writings,  was  pub.  in  Philadelphia  in  1S33,  r.  ISmo, 
by  her  son,  Mr.  Harrison  Hall.  This  vol.  contains  a 
sketch  of  her  life,  to  which  we  must  refer  the  reader  for 
further  information  respecting  this  accomplished  woman, 
brilliant  writer,  and  devout  Christian.  See  also  Hart's 
Female  Prose  Writers  of  America;  Mrs.  Hale's  Records 
of  Women ;  Duyckincks*  Cyc.  of  Amer.  Lit. 

Four  of  Mrs.  Hall's  sons  form  the  subjects  of  notices  in 
this  Dictionary: — 1.  Harrison  Hall.  2.  JroGE  James 
Hall.     3.  John  E.  Hall.     4.  Thomas  Mifflin  Hall. 

Hall,  Sidney.  1.  General  Atlas,  53  maps.  New  ed., 
Lon.,  1855,  fol. 

''  The  best  and  most  recent  authorities  are  in  all  cases  consulted, 
and  the  maps  are  engraved  in  a  masterly  manner." — Lon.  New 
Month.  Mag. 

2.  County  Atlas.  New  «d.,  1S46.  3.  Travelling  County 
Atlas,  1851. 

"The  best  we  have  seen  for  neatness,  portability,  and  clever 
engraving." — Westminster  Rev. 

4.  First  or  Elementary  Atlas,  1849,  4to.    Mr.  Hali  en- 

767 


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II AL 


graved  the  maps  of  E.  Quin's  Ilistorical  Atlas,  4th  ed., 
1853,  r.  4to. 

Hall,  Thomas,  1010-1665,  a  native  of  Worcester,  a 
Puritan  divine.  Curate  of  King's-Norton,  pub.  several 
theolog.  works  and  translations,  and  strictures  on  the  cus- 
toms of  the  day,  of  which  the  following  are  among  the 
best  known  : — 1.  The  Loathsomeness  of  Long  ILiir;  with 
an  Appendix  against  Painting,  Spots,  Naked  Backs  and 
Breasts,  tic,  Lon.,  1654,  8vo.  2.  Vindicia?  Literarum, 
1654,  '55,  8vo.  3.  Comment,  on  the  3d  and  4th  Chap,  of 
the  2d  Epist.  of  Timothy.  1C58,  ful. 

"  Klaborate  and  judiciouB :  the  sum  of  nigh  tliirty  years'  study." 
— Calamt. 

4.  FvnebriaFlorlEe;  or,  The  Downfall  of  Ma.y-Games,&c., 
1660,  '61,  4to.  5.  Comment,  on  Hosea  xiii.  12-16.  6.  Com- 
ment, on  Matt.  V.  14,  1060,  4to. 

Hall,  Thomas.     Serms.,  1742-59. 

Hall,  Thomas.     Poems,  1792.  &c. 

Hall,  Thomas,  M.D.  Con.  to  Ann.  of  Med.,  1799, 
1800. 

Hall,  Thomas  Mifflin,  lost  at  sea  in  1828,  a  son  of 
Mrs.  Sarah  JIall.  and  a  brother  of  Harrison,  James,  and 
John  E.  Hall,  (see  autt^.)  contributed  a  number  of  poetical 
and  scientific  pieces  to  The  Port-Folio. 

Hall,  Timothy,  d.  1690,  consecrated  Bishop  of  Ox- 
ford, 16,s8.     1.  Serm.,  1684,  4to.     2.  Serm.,  1689,  4to. 

Hall,  \V,     Serm.,  in  CathoHck  Serms.,  ii.  183. 

Hall,  \V.  J.    1.  Doctrine  of  Purgatory,  Lon.,  1843,  8vo. 

"This  is  a  work  of  much  ability,  erudition,  nnd  clear  arrange- 
ment.— a  most  acute,  able,  and  unsparing  exposure  of  error." — Lon. 
Churchman's  Hev. 

2.  Family  Prayers,  1847,  '48,  8vo. 

Hall,  Willard.  Laws  of  Delaware  to  1829,  inclu- 
sive, Wilmiug.,  1829,  Svo. 

Hall,  Wm.     To  find  the  Longitude.  Lon.,  1714,  Svo. 

Hall,  Wm.  Halo  of  the  Moon,  Trans.  Soc.  Edin., 
1796,  and  in  Nich.  Jour.,  1799. 

Hall,  Wm.  Costs  at  Law  in  Equity  and  Pari.,  Lon., 
1828,  8vo. 

Hall,  Capt.  Wm,  H.,  R.N.,  and  W,  D.  Bernard. 
The  Nemesis  in  China,  comprising  a  Hist,  of  the  AVar  in 
that  country ;  3d  ed.,  Lon.,  1848,  p.  Svo. 

"Captaiu  Hall's  narrative  of  the  services  of  the  Nemesis  is  full 
of  interest,  and  will,  we  are  sure,  be  valuable  hyrcjifter,  as  afford- 
ing most  curious  materials  for  the  history  of  steam  navigation."— 
Lon.  Quar.  Hfv. 

''This  is  the  most  important  publication  that  has  appeared 
reepecting  our  late  contest  with  China."— ioH.  Naval  and  Military 
Gaz'Ve. 

Hall,  Wm.  Henry,  d.  1807,  compiled  an  Encyclo- 
pafedia,  and  was  the  author  of  several  other  works. 

Hall,  Wm.  W.,  M.D.,  b.  1810,  at  Paris,  Kentucky, 
grad.  at  Centre  Coll.,  1830 ;  received  the  degree  of  M.D.  at 
Transylvania  Univ.,  1836.  1.  Treatise  on  Cholera,  Svo. 
2.  Bronchitis  and  Kindred  Diseases,  8th  ed.,  N.  York, 
1853,  Svo.  Dr.  Hall  is  the  editor  of  the  Journal  of  Health 
which  bears  his  name. 

Hallam,  Arthur  Henry,  lSll-1833.  a  grandson  of 
Sir  Abraham  Elton,  and  a  son  of  the  distinguished  author  of 
A  View  of  the  State  of  Eurojic  during  the  Middle  Ages,  Ac, 
was  born  in  London,  graduated  at  Trin.  Coll.,  Cambridge, 
1832,  entered  the  Middlu  Tenijile,  and  died  in  Germany  in 
September,  1S33.  An  interesting  biographical  sketch  of  this 
gifted  young  man,  written  by  his  father,  is  prefixed  to  The 
Kemains,  in  Verse  and  Prose,  of  Arthur  Henry  Hallam, 
Lon.,  1834.  Privately  printed.  Mr.  Hallam  wits  betrothed 
to  a  sister  of  the  poet  Tennyson,  and  the  In  Mtmon'um  of 
the  latter  is  a  dirge  for  the  departed.  See  estimate  of  the 
literary  character  of  young  Hallam  in  the  North  British 
Review,  xiv.  261 ;  Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  Oct.  1852 :  353  ;  Black- 
wood's Mag.,  xxxviii.  738.  See  also  Lockhart's  Life  of 
Scott  for  a  specimen  of  young  Ilallam's  poetical  powers. 

Hallam,  Henry,  LL.D.,  one  of  the  most  distin- 
guished of  modern  authors,  was  born  about  1778,  and  was 
educated  at  Eton  and  Oxford.  After  leaving  college  he 
settled  in  London,  which  has  ever  since  been  his  principal 
place  of  residence.  He  was  a  valued  friend  of  Sir  Walter 
Scott,  and  the  two  were  engaged  about  the  same  time  as 
contributors  to  the  Edinburgh  Review.  As  a  zealous  co- 
operator  with  William  Wilberforce  in  the  abolishment  of 
the  Slave  Trade,  Mr.  Hallam  gained  great  and  deserved 
reputation.  Mr.  Hallam  is  a  Foreign  Associate  of  the 
Institute  of  France.  In  1830  he  received  one  of  the  two 
fifty-guinea  gold  medals  instituted  by  George  IV.  for  emi- 
nence in  historical  cumposition.  The  other  was  awarded 
to  our  celebrated  countryman,  Washington  Irving.  Mr. 
Hallam  is  the  author  of  three  great  works,  either  of  which 
is  of  sufficient  merit  to  confer  upon  the  author  literary 
immortality. 
76a 


1.  View  of  the  State  of  Europe  during  the  Middle  Ages, 
Lon.,  1818,  2  vols.  4to ;  10th  ed.,  1853,  3  vols.  Svo;  11th 
ed.,  1855,  3  vols.  cr.  Svo.  In  these  edits,  the  Supple- 
mental Notes  pub.  in  an  octavo  vol.  in  1S48  have  been 
incorporated  with  the  original  work,  partly  at  the  fuot  of 
the  pages,  partly  at  the  close  of  each  chapter, 

"It  is  the  object  of  the  prt-scut  work  to  eshiljit,  in  a  series  of 
historical  dissertations,  a  comprehfusive  survey  of  the  chief  cir- 
cumstances that  can  interest  a  philosophical  inquirer  durinj^  the 
period  usually  denominatfd  the  Middle  Ages.  Such  an  under- 
taking must  necessarily  tall  under  the  class  of  historical  abridg- 
ments: jet  there  will  perhaps  be  found  euouj;h  to  distinguish  it 
from  such  as  have  already  appeared."     See  Preface  to  Fii-st  Edition. 

Mr.  Hallam's  View  comprises  the  period  from  the  middle 
of  the  fifth  to  the  end  of  the  fifteenth  century:  from  the 
establishment  of  Clovis  in  Gaul  to  the  invasion  of  Italy  by 
Charles  the  Eighth. 

"It  would  be  difficult  to  appreciate  exactly  the  merits,  and  in- 
vidious to  pointout  the  defects,  of  the  numerous  precursors  of  Mr. 
Hallam  in  this  branch  of  historical  investigation.  It  is  sufficient 
to  remark  that  the  plan  of  his  work  is  more  extensive  than  that 
of  our  countryman.  Dr.  Ilobertson,  its  arrangement  more  strictly 
historical,  its  views  more  comprehensive,  and  its  information  more 
copious  and  critical.  Sir.  Hallam  appears  to  have  bestowed  much 
time  and  reflection  on  his  subject. .  .  .  To  a  familiar  acquaintance 
with  the  early  chronicles  and  ori'^inal  histories  of  the  IJarbariaus, 
Mr.  Iliillam  has  added  a  diligent  examination  of  their  laws;  and 
wherever  records  throw  their  steady  and  certain  light  on  the  pro- 
gress of  events,  he  has  consulted  them  with  care.  ISut  it  is  not 
the  labour  and  industry  employed  by  Mr.  Hallam  in  the  composi- 
tion of  this  work,  nor  even  the  valuable  and  interesting  informa- 
tion it  contains,  that  constitute  its  chief  or  peculiar  merit.  It  is 
written  throughout  with  a  spirit  of  freedom  and  liberality  that  do 
credit  to  the  author.  A  firm  but  temperate  love  of  liberty,  an 
enlightened  but  cautious  philosophy,  form  its  distinguished  ex- 
cellence. We  never  find  the  author  attempting  to  palliate  injus- 
tice or  excuse  oppression:  and  whenever  he  treats  of  popular 
rights,  or  pronounces  on  the  contentions  of  subjects  with  their 
sovereigns,  we  meet  with  a  freedom  and  intrepidity  of  discussion 
that  remind  us  of  b»tter  times.  liut,  thoui^h  a  decided  enemy  to 
the  encroachments  of  arbitrary  power,  Mr.  Ilallam  is  no  infatuated 
admirer  of  antient  turbulence  nor  blind  apologist  of  popular  ex- 
cesses. If,  indeed,  there  is  any  quality  of  his  work  that  merits 
our  unqualified  approbation,  it  is  the  spirit  of  fairness  and  im- 
partiality that  pervades  the  whole.  We  have  sometimes  found 
him  careless,  and  have  sometimes  thought  him  in  the  wrong;  but 
we  have  not  met  with  an  uncandid  misrepresentation,  an  ungene- 
rous sentiment,  or  a  narrow-minded  prejudice,  in  his  book." — 
Edin.  Jfev.,  xxx.  140-172. 

"  Mr.  Ilallam  has  not  made  his  work  so  much  a  regular  history 
as  a  characteristic  portraiture  of  the  times  to  which  it  refers.  It 
has  not  the  sterile  dryness  of  an  abridgment,  though  it  does  not 
possess  the  fertile  copiousness  of  a  circumstantial  narrative:  but 
it  is  instructive,  luminous,  and  animated ;  and  it  may  be  perused 
with  profit  as  well  as  amusement." — Lon.  Month.  Hev.,  Ixxxvii.  1- 
14,  13ti-150. 

'■The  most  complete  and  highly-finished  of  his  valuable  works. 
It  is  a  series  of  finely-drawn  historical  sketches." — N.Am£r.  Rev. 

"An  able  and  interesting  performance,  connected  in  a  good 
measure  with  our  earlier  history.  .  .  .  His  work  is  a  sort  of  intro- 
duction to  the  earlier  histories  of  the  ensuing  countries,  [France, 
Spain,  Portugal,  Italy,  and  Germany,]  and  should  be  read  with 
promptitude  and  diligence  by  every  one  interested  in  such  studies. 
The  notes  are  full  of  erudition." — Dibdijt's  Lib.  Gomp.,  ed.  1S25. 

"The  State  of  Europe  during  the  Middle  Ages  is  full  of  in- 
formation for  all  who  desire  to  be  informed  of  the  political  and 
social  condition  of  those  kingdoms  and  states  which  arose  out  of 
the  ruins  and  ashes  of  the  empire  of  Rome.  To  show  order 
emerging  from  confusion,  the  decisions  of  law  taking  place  of 
those  of  violence  and  passion,  and  a  line  of  defence  raised  to  pro- 
tect the  weak  and  the  peaceable  against  the  strong  and  the  tyran- 
nous, was  the  task  which  Hallam  assigned  to  himself;  and  he  has 
accomplished  all  he  undertook." — Allan  Cunningham^s  Crit.  and 
Biog.  ili^t.  of  the  Lit.  nf  the  Last  Fifty  Years. 

"  All  the  subjects  that  have  been  glanced  at  in  these  earlier 
lectures  are  there  [in  Hallam's  work  on  the  Middle  Ages]  tho- 
rouirhly  considered  by  this  author  with  all  the  patience  of  an 
antiquarian  and  the  spirit  and  sagacity  of  a  philosopher:  the 
French  history, — the  feudal  system.— the  history  of  Italy.— the 
history  of  Spain,— the  history  of  Germany, — of  the  Greeks  and 
Saracens. — the  history  of  ecclesiastical  power, — the  constitutional 
histoi-y  of  England, — the  Anglo-Saxon  and  the  Anglo-Norman, — 
afterwards  to  the  end  of  the  civil  wars  between  the  Roses, — with 
a  concluding  dissertation  on  the  state  of  society  during  the  Middle 
Ages.  I  should  have  been  saved  many  a  moment  of  fatigue,  some 
almost  of  despair,  if  these  volumes  had  appeared  bepDre  I  began 
my  Lectures."— Pro/.  Smyth's  Lets,  on  Mod.  mst.:  Led.  VJII. 

"Mr.  Ilallam's  View  of  the  State  of  Furope  during  the  Middle 
Ages  is  indispcnsabU  to  the  historical  student.'' — Warren's  La%o 
Studies. 

"  A  work  of  profound  research,  and  displaying  a  free  and  vigor- 
ous spirit  of  inquiiy  and  criticism." — Chancellor  Kent. 

"The  learned  author,  in  his  View  of  the  State  of  Europe  during 
the  Middle  Ages,  investigates,  with  great  ability,  the  origin  and 
progress  of  the  English  Constitution,  commencing  with  the  Anglo- 
Saxons,  and  carried  down  to  the  extinction  of  the  House  of  Plan- 
tagenet.  Vide  vol.  iii.  chap.  viii.  His  work  entitled  The  Con- 
stitutional History  of  England  from  the  accession  of  Henry  VII. 
to  the  death  of  George  II.  is  the  sequel  of  that  history  through 
a  much  more  important  period;  the  whole  of  which  forms  a  more 
thorough,  learned,  and  impartial  view  of  the  subject  than  is  else- 
where to  be  found.  These  two  works  ought  to  be  in  every  law- 
j  yer's  library,  and  merit  to  be  studied,  not  merely  read." — MoJ'man't 
I  Le^.  Stu. 


HAL 


HAL 


*•  Notwithstandinfi  tho  iut^resting  character  of  the  Aragonese 
Constitutiou,  and  the  amjiliiuJe  of  materials  for  its  history,  the 
subject  has  been  hillierti>  iir-^'lected.  as  far  as  I  am  aware,  by  cou- 
tinental  writers.  Iti.ib(:rr(siin  and  Ilallam.  more  especially  the  latter, 
have  given  such  a  view  of  ils  pn'miiu-iit  Iratures  to  the  English 
reader,  as  must,  I  fear,  deprive  th.'  skt-tiii  w  bich  1  have  attempted. 
in  a  great  degree,  of  novelty." — AVm.  H.  ruKscoTT:  Ftrdinand  and 
IsabdiUi  11th  ed.;  Ititroduc.  to  vol.  i.  124. 

"Do  you  know  Ilallam?  Of  course,  I  need  not  ask  you  if  you 
have  read  his  Middle  Ages?  It  is  an  admirable  work,  full  of  re- 
search, and  does  Ilallam  honour.  1  know  no  one  capable  of  having 
written  it,  except  him;  for,  admitting  that  a  writer  cnuld  be  found 
who  could  briug  to  the  task  his  knowledge  and  tak'uts,  it  would 
be  difficult  to  find  one  who  united  to  these  bis  research,  patience, 
and  perspicuity  of  style.  The  retlections  of  Hallani  areat  once  just 
and  profound,  bis  language  well  chosen  and  impressive.  I  remem- 
ber being  struck  with  a  passage,  where,  touching  ou  the  Venetians, 
he  says,  '  Too  blind  to  avert  danger,  too  cowardly  to  withstiind  it, 
the  most  ancient  government  of  Europe  made  not  an  instant's 
resistance.  The  peasants  of  Underwald  died  upou  their  moun- 
tains; the  nobles  of  Venice  clung  only  to  their  lives.'  This  is  the 
style  in  which  history  ought  to  be  written,  if  it  is  wished  to  im- 
press it  on  the  memory." — Lord  Byron  :  Lady  BhssinytoiCs  Ojn- 
versatifins  with  Lm-d  B. 

2.  The  Constitutional  History  of  England,  from  the  Ac- 
cession of  Henry  VII.  to  the  Death  of  George  II..  1S27, 
2  vols.  4to;  7th  ed.,  1854,  3  vols.  Svo;  Sth  ed.,  18o5,  3  vols, 
cr.  Svo. 

Lord  Brougham  falls  into  an  error,  in  commenting  on 
the  principal  themo  discussed  in  this  work,  hardly  to  be 
expected  from  one  who  has  devoted  tso  much  attentiuu  to 
its  subject-matter.  His  lordship  assigns  as  one  ol"  his 
principal  reasons  for  entering  at  large,  in  his  Political 
Philosophy,  into  the  earlier  stages  of  the  British  Cou- 
Btitutiou,  Mr.  Hallam's  having  commenced  his  work  with 
the  reign  of  Henry  VII. : 

'•His  treatise,  and  that  of  Lord  .Tohu  Kussell,  have  one  great 
defect  in  common: — they  begin  with  tbeTudors.  Now,  it  is  quite 
undeniable  that  the  foundations  of  our  constitution  were  laid 
many  centuries  before  the  fifteenth;  nor  can  any  one  hope  tho- 
roughly to  comprehend  it  who  has  not  gone  back  to  the  earlier 
times.  I  have  never  been  able  to  understand  why  those  able  and 
learned  authors  have  both  begun  with  Iltmry  VII.'' 

But  had  his  lordship  not  forgotten  Chapter  VIII.  of  The 
Middle  Ages  ?  See  Mr.  Warren's  correction  of  this  grave 
error,  Law  Studies,  2d  ed.,  269,  270. 

In  his  disquisitions  into  the  theology,  the  polities,  and 
the    learning  of  the   Middle  Ages,   Wr.  Ilallam  was  nut 
likely  to  provoke  any  other  criticism  than  that  which  was 
connected  with  the  subjects  discussed  without  retercnce  to 
prejudice  or  party  feeling.     But  he  could  not  write  The 
Constitutional  History  of  England  without  soon  proving 
to  himself  and  to  the  world  that  he  was  walking  upon 
ashes  under  which  the  fire  was  not  extinguished  : 
"  IncL^ens  per  igues 
Suppositos  cineri  doloso." — lion.:  Od.  77.,  i.  7. 
Mr.  Southey,  in  a  review  extending  over  no  less  than 
sixty-six  pages,  rated  the  historian  in  no  gentle  terms  for 
his  real  or  alleged  offences  against  historic  veracity.     We 
have  room  for  a  brief  extract  only: 

*'The  book  is  the  production  of  a  decided  partisan;  presenting 
not  the  history  itself,  but  what  is  called  the  philosophy  of  history, 
and  to  be  received  with  the  more  suspicion,  because  it  deals  in 
deductions  and  not  in  details.  There  are  many  ways  in  which 
history  may  be  rendered  insidious;  but  there  is  no  other  way  by 
which  an  author  can,  with  so  much  apparent  good  faith,  mislead 
his  readers.  . .  . 

*  Unto  thee 
Let  thine  own  times  like  an  old  story  be,' 
is  the  advice  which  Donne  gives  to  him  who  would  derive  wisdom 
from  the  course  of  passing  events.  A  writer  of  contemporary  his- 
tory could  take  no  better  motto.  Mr.  Ilallam  has  proceeded  upon 
a  system  precisely  the  reverse  of  this;  and  carried  into  the  history 
of  the  past,  not  merely  the  maxims  of  his  own  age.  as  infollible 
laws  by  which  all  former  actions  are  to  be  tiied.  but  the  spirit  .and 
the  feeling  of  the  party  to  which  he  has  attached  himself,  its  acri- 
mony and  its  arrogance,  its  injustice  and  its  ill-temper.'' — Lon 
Quar.  Rev.,  xxxvii.  1114-2TO. 

It  is  to  this  review  that  Wilberforce  refers,  when  he 
says: 

"  Southey,  a  bitter  critic,  and  works  Ilallam  with  great  acute- 
ness  and  force." 

But  audi  alteram  partem.  The  critique  from  which  we 
have  just  quoted  was  published  in  January,  1828,  and  in 
the  September  following  there  appeared  a  pnper  of  great 
brilliancy  and  power — with  its  political  merits  or  demerits 
we  have  here  no  concern — in  the  Edinburgh  Review,  the 
production  of  one  who  has  since  himself  gained  a  great 
name  in  the  walks  of  History.  It  will  be  seen  that  his 
estimate  of  Mr.  Hallam's  honesty  as  a  historian  is  very 
difi'erent  from  that  recorded  by  Mr.  Southey: 

'*  Mr.  Ilallam  is,  on  the  whole,  far  better  qualified  than  any  other 
writerof  our  time  for  the  office  which  be  has  undertaken.  He  has 
great  industry  and  great  acuteness.  His  knowl-rige  is  extensive, 
various,  and  prot'mnd.  His  miud  is  eiiually  distinguished  by  the 
amplitude  of  its  grasp,  and  by  the  delicacy  i-f  ils  tart.  His  specu- 
lations have  nolle  of  that  vagueness  which  is  (he  common  fault  of 
49 


political  philosophy.  On  the  contrary,  they  are  strikingly  pr.ictical. 
They  teach  us  not  only  the  general  rule,  but  the  mode  of  applying 
it  to  solve  particular  cases.     In  this  respect  they  often  remind  us 

ofthe  Discourses  of  Machiavelli His  work  is  eminently  judicial. 

Its  whole  spirit  is  that  of  the  bench,  not  that  of  the  bar.  He  sums 
up  with  a  calm,  steady,  impartiality,  turning  neither  to  the  right 
nor  to  the  left,  glossing  over  nothing,  exaggeiating  nothing,  while 
the  advocates  ou  both  sides  are  alternately  biting  their  lips  to  he-ar 
their  conliicting  mis-statements  and  sophisms  exposed.  On  a 
general  survey  we  do  not  scruple  to  pronounce  the  Constitutional 
History  to  be  the  most  impartial  book  that  we  ever  read."^T.  B. 
Macaulay:  Edin.  Rev.,  xlviii.  yO-li39. 

The  following  testimony  to  the  same  effect,  from  a  very 
eminent  authority,  should  not  be  omitted  in  this  con- 
nexion : 

".All.  Hallam's  Constitutional  History  of  England  I  must  ear- 
nestly recommend,  for  it  is  a  work  of  great  research,  great  ability, 
great  impartiality,  often  of  very  manly  eloquence;  the  work  of  an 
enlightened  lawyer,  an  accomplished  scholar,  and  a  steady  assertor 
of  the  best  interests  of  mankind.  It  is  a  source  of  great  satisfac- 
tion to  me  that  such  a  work  exists,  for  every  page  is  full  of  state- 
ments and  opinions  on  every  topic  and  character  of  consequence 
since  the  reign  of  Henry  the  Seventh:  and  these  sentiments  and 
opinions  are  so  learned  and  well  reasoned,  that  I  am  quite  gratified 
to  think  that  the  student  can  now  never  want  a  guide  and  an  in- 
structor worthy  to  conduct  and  counsel  him  in  his  constitutiona] 
inquiries.  Mr.  Ilallam  is,  indeed,  a  stern  and  severe  critic,  and  the 
student  may  be  allowed  to  love  and  honour  many  of  our  patriots, 
statesmen,  and  divines,  in  a  more  warm  and  unqualified  manner 
than  does  Mr.  Hallam;  but  the  perfect  calmness  of  ■\Ir.  Hallam's 
temperament  makes  his  standard  of  moral  and  political  virtue 
high,  and  the  fitter  on  that  account  to  be  presented  to  youthful 
minds. 

"There  are  objectionable  pas.saijcs,  and  even  strange  passages, 
more  particularly  in  the  notes;  but  they  are  of  no  consequence  in 
a  work  of  so  vast  a  range,  and  of  so  much  merit.  And  Mr.  Hallam 
luay  have  given  offence,  which  could  never  have  been  his  inten- 
tion, to  some  good  men,  to  whom  their  establishments  are  natu- 
rally so  dear;  but  I  see  not  how  this  was  to  be  avoided,  if  he  was 
to  render  equal  justice  to  all  persons  and  parties,  all  sects  and 
churches,  in  their  turn. — and  if  he  was  to  do  bis  duty,  as  he  has 
nobly  done,  to  the  civil  and  religious  liberties  of  his  country."— 
Prof.  Smyth's  Lects.  on  Mod..  Hist.,  1S28. 

A  great  historian  of  our  own  country  pays  the  following 
high  compliment  to  Mr.  Hallam's  treatment  of  one  of  the 
principal  characters  of  his  History : 

''The  unprejudiced  reader  may  perhaps  agree  that  the  bal.ance 
of  this  great  queen's  [Elizabeth]  good  and  bad  qualities  is  held 
with  a  more  steady  and  impartial  hand  by  Mr.  Hallam  than  any 
preceding  writer."— Wm.  H.  I'iiescott  :  Firdinand  a/id  Isabella,  11th 
ed..  iii.  201. 

The  value  of  Mr.  Hallam's  work  to  the  legal  student 
need  hardly  be  enlarged  upon;  but  here  we  shall  adduce 
an  authority  which  will  be  more  valued  than  our  own : 

♦'No  one  can  understand  or  appreciate  this  admirable  work,  who 
has  not,  before  entering  upon  it,  become  familiar  with  at  least  the 
leading  events  of  Eugli.«h  history;  and  no  one  has  made  any  sen- 
sible advances  towards  the  enviable  character  of  a  sound  constitu- 
tional lawyer,  who  is  not  thoroughly  familiar  with  the  work.  Not 
that  it  is  altogether  free  from  erior ;  but  where  is  to  be  found  any 
other  political  author  exhibiting  such  a  rare  union  of  candour, 
learning,  and  sagacity,  as  characterizes  this  bold  and  independent 
writer?"— llT()Te«'5  Law  Studies,  2d  ed.,  2G8,  269. 

See  Allan  Cunningham's  Crit.  and  Biog.  Hist,  of  the 
Lit.  of  the  Last  Fifty  Years. 

3.  Introduction  to  the  Literature  of  Europe,  in  Fifteenth, 
Sixteenth,  and  Seventeenth  Centuries.  1837-39,  4  vols.  Svo; 
4th  ed.,  1854,  3  vols.  Svo;  5th  ed.,  1S55-56,  3  vols.  cr.  Svo. 
In  the  4th  ed.  the  test  was  revised,  and  such  errors  as  the 
author  discovered  were  removed.  The  few  additional  notes 
are  distinguished  hy  the  dates  of  the  publications  of  the 
different  edits,  in  the  years  1842,  '47,  and  '53. 

"The  adv.intages  of  such  a  synoptical  view  of  literature  as  dis- 
plays its  various  departments  in  their  simultaneous  condition 
through  an  extensive  period,  and  in  their  mutual  dependency, 
seem    to    manifest  to  be  disputed." — Preface. 

Mr.  Hallam  then  proceeds  to  give  a  rapid  sketch  of  tho 
bibliography  of  Literary  History. 

"The  most  important  single  volume  that  it  has  for  some  years 
been  our  duty  to  comment  on.  By  this  specimen  [vol.  i.]  Mr.  Hal- 
lam will  confirm  the  solid  and  substantial  reputation  which  he  had 
already  gained  with  all  the  sound  and  mature  judges  of  literary 
excellence.  By  his  completion  of  the  work  with  the  same  care  and 
in  the  same  spirit,  he  will  enable  English  literature  to  boast  of  the 
first  fall,  impartial,  and  general  view  ofthe  simultaneous  progress 
of  letters  in  eveiy  part  of  Europe." — Lo7t.  Quar.  Rev.,  Iviii.  29-60; 
ascribed  to  Southey,  but  incorrectly. 

Mr.  Prescott,  noticing  the  fact  that  the  English  have 
made  hut  slender  contributions  to  the  history  of  foreign 
literature,  remarks : 

"The  deficiency,  indeed,  is  likely  to  be  supplied,  to  a  certain  ex- 
tent, by  the  work  of  Mr.  Hallam,  now  in  progress  of  publication; 
the  first  volume  of  which — the  only  one  which  has  yet  issued  from, 
the  press— gives  evidence  of  the  same  curious  erudition,  acuteness, 
honest  imparfialify,  and  energy  of  diction,  which  distinguish  the 
other  writings  of  this  eminent  scholar.  But  the  extent  of  his 
work,  limited  to  four  volumes,  precludes  any  thing  more  than  a 
survey  of  the  most  prominent  features  of  the  vast  sul  ject  which 
he  has  undei-faken." — Review  of  Cftatiauhiand's  Enq.  Lit.,  jV.  A. 
Rev..  Oct.  1S30. 

We  quote  a  few  notices  of  the  whole  work: 

769 


HAL 


HAL 


"Tho  most  important  contribution  to  literary  history  which 
En^rlish  libraries  have  received  for  many  years.  .  .  .  That  his  work 
will  I-e  popular  we  can  hardly  predict.  . .  .  We  have  already  sug- 
gested sooie  defects,  to  our  apprehension,  which  will  materially 
impfdu  its  present  success.  To  these  must  be  added  a  dry  and 
austiMf  style,  uniformly  clear,  indeed,  and  English,  but  stimetiuu-s 
cha&tit^ed  to  a  degree  of  tameness,  sometimes,  though  not  often, 
laboriously  figurative,  and  loaded  with  rather  heavy  ornament. 
But  most  assuredly  the  reader  who  does  not  employ  it  merely  to 
fill  up  the  leisure  of  a  few  hours,  but  consults  it  for  guidance,  and 
refers  to  its  authority,  will  never  use  it  without  an  augmented 
eense  of  its  value,  and  respect  for  its  author.  He  will  be  struck 
with  the  modest  simplicity  with  which  its  stores  of  very  extensive 
erudition  are  displayed.  He  will  he  struck  witli  an  honesty,  even 
in  the  mere  conduct  of  the  work,  rarely  found  in  publications  pre- 
tending to  any  thing  hke  the  same  amount  of  research." — Edin. 
Hev.,  Ixsii.  194-226. 

"  The  subject  which  he  has  now  treated  is  one  of  more  general 
interest  than  those  discussed  in  his  previous  publications;  and  as 
the  work  was  known  to  embody  the  labors  of  many  years,  it  was 
received  with  curiosity  and  respect,  and  is  likely  to  establish  for 
him  a  wide  and  enduring  reputation.  .  .  .  We  close  with  the  ex- 
pression of  gratitude  to  him  for  undertaking  an  important  and 
difficult  task,  and  of  respei-t  for  the  ability,  learning,  and  taste 
with  which  it  is  executed." — Francis  Bowes:  N.  Amer.  Eev.,  Ivi. 
44-S9. 

'■  This  is  a  production  of  the  greatest  value,  and  distinguished, 
like  his  other  work,  [on  the  Middle  Ages,]  for  research,  judgment, 
taste,  and  elegance." — Chancellor  Kent.  .See  Blackwood's  Mag., 
Xli.  614;  xllx.  150. 

No  writer  can  traverse  so  wide  a  field  of  inquiry  with- 
out offending  somebody ;  and  Bishop  Monk,  the  biographer 
of  Bentley,  to  quote  his  own  language,  felt  himself  **  ag- 
grieved" by  a  criticism  of  Mr.  Ilnllam'son  his  {the  bishop's) 
notice  of  Lo  Clerc.  The  correspondence  between  his  lord- 
ship and  Mr.  Hallam  on  this  matter  will  be  found  in  the 
London  Gent.  Mag.,  1844,  Pt.  2,  157-100.  A  vol.  entitled 
Literary  Essays  and  Characters;  selected  from  an  Intro- 
duction to  the  Literature  of  Modern  Europe,  was  pub.  in 
London.  1852,  12mo. 

We  have  now  quoted  a  number  of  testimonies  to  the 
value  of  Mr.  Ilallam's  Literary  History ;  but  we  should 
display  a  strange  insensibility  did  we  omit  to  add  our 
hearty  concurrence  in  the  highest  commendation  which 
we  have  recorded.  Undoubtedly  many  of  the  most  bril- 
liant gems  of  criticism  of  which  our  own  gallery — the  work 
now  in  the  reader's  hands — can  boast,  will  be  found  cre- 
dited to  the  distinguished  scholar  whose  name  stands  at 
the  head  of  this  article.  But,  desirous  of  concluding,  as 
we  commenced  and  have  continued,  by  offering  higher 
tribute  than  our  own  to  the  merits  of  this  eminent  writer, 
and  preserving  the  rule  established  in  our  Critical  Court 
of  citing  the  most  competent  testimony  in  each  case  which 
should  be  presented  for  judgment,  we  shall  now  adduce 
the  evidence  of  the  historian  of  Modern  Europe,  and  that 
of  the  author  of  Ferdinand  and  Isabella,  in  favour  of  the 
annalist  of  the  Middle  Ages,  the  Literature  of  Europe,  and 
the  Constitutional  History  of  England: 

"The  cold  academic  style  of  Robertson  may  suit  the  compara- 
tive calmness  of  the  eighteenth  century,  but  the  fervour  and  ani- 
mation of  its  close  comuiuuicated  itself  to  the  historical  works  of 
the  next.  Hallam  was  the  first  historian  whose  style  gave  token 
of  the  coming  change;  his  works  mark  the  tninsition  from  one  age 
and  style  of  literature  to  another.  In  extent  and  variety  of  learn- 
ing, and  a  deep  acquaintance  with  antiquarian  lore,  the  historian 
of  the  Middle  Ages  may  deservedly  take  a  place  with  the  most  emi- 
nent writers  in  that  style  that  Europe  has  prc-duced;  but  his  style 
is  more  imaginative  than  those  of  his  laborious  predecessors,  and 
a  fervent  elotiuence  or  poetic  expression  often  reveals  the  ardour 
which  the  heart-stirring  events  of  his  time  h;td  communicated  to 
his  disposition." — Sir  Archibald  Alison  :  Hist,  of  Eurojie,  1815- 
52,  chap.  V. 

"The  most  eminent  illustrations  of  the  system  of  historical  writ- 
ing which  we  have  been  discussing  that  have  appeared  in  Eng- 
land in  the  present  century  are  the  works  of  Mr.  Hallam,  in  which 
the  author,  discarding  most  of  the  circumstances  that  go  to  make 
up  mere  narrative,  endeavours  to  fix  the  attention  of  the  reader 
on  the  more  important  features  of  constitutional  policy,  employ- 
ing his  wide  range  of  materials  in  strict  subordination  to  this  pur- 
pose."—Wm.  n.  Prescott:  N.  Anur.  Scv.,  October,  1829. 

The  following  little  piece  of  pleasantry  of  Sydney  Smith's 
can  hardly  fail  to  provoke  a  smile  from  the  amiable  reader : 

"In  his  voyage  up  the  Rhine,  Campbell  met  on  the  steamboat 
the  historian  of  the  Middle  Ages.  'Hallam  is  a  most  excellent 
man,'  said  the  poet,  in  one  of  his  letters;  'of  great  acuteness.  and 
of  immense  research  in  reading.  I  l>elieve  him  to  have  neither 
gall  nor  bitterness;  and  yet  he  is  a  perfect  l)oa-contradictor!  .  .  . 
His  powers  of  study  are  like  those  of  the  scholars  of  the  Alexan- 
drian Academy,  whose  viscera  were  alleged  to  be  made  of  biass. 
He  baits  Sydney  Smith  himself  with  his  provoking  accuracy  as  to 
matters  of  fact.  Smith  once  said  to  me,  If  Uallam  were  in  the 
midst  of  a  full  assembly  of  scientific  men,  and  if  Euclid  were  to 
enter  the  room  with  his  Elements  under  his  arm.  and  were  to  say, 
Gentlemen,  I  suppose  no  one  present  doubts  the  truth  of  the 
Forty-fifth  Proposition  of  my  First  Book  of  Elements,JMr.  Hallam 
would  say.  Yes,  I  have  my  doubts.'" 

Hallam,  Robert'  A.,  D.D.,  Rector  of   St.  James's 
Church,   New   London.   Conn.      Lects.  on    the    Morning 
Prayer,  PhiJa.,  1Sj6,  12mo.     Highly  commended. 
770 


HaUaran,Wni.S.,M.D.  Insanity, Ac. Cork.lS10,Svo. 

Hallawav,  John.     Anatomy,  Lon.,  1565,  4to. 

Halle,  H.  Fraser,  Exact  Philosophy,  Lon.,  1S48, 
p.  Svo. 

"A  valuable  treatise  on  philosophic  reasoning." 

Halleck,  Fitz-Greene,  an  eminent  American  poet, 
b.  at  Guilford,  Connecticut,  in  August,  1795,  entered  a 
banking-house  in  New  York  in  1813.  and  resided  in  that 
city,  engaged  in  mercantile  and  kindred  pursuits,  until 
1849,  when  he  returned  to  his  native  town  in  Connecticut, 
where  he  now  resides.  For  many  years  he  acted  as  con- 
fidential ngent  for  John  Jacob  Astor.  Mr.  Halleck  com- 
menced contributing  to  the  papers  of  the  day  at  an  early 
age,  and,  when  settled  in  New  York,  soon  became  an  as- 
sociate of  the  wits  of  the  town,  comprising  the  *'  mob  of 
gentlemen  who  wrote  with  ease."  In  1819  he  made  the 
acquaintance  of  Joseph  Rodman  Drake,  who  was  so  much 
pleased  with  his  new  friend  that  he  admitted  him  into 
partnership  in  the  composition  of  the  Croker  Papers,  pub. 
in  the  New  York  Evening  Post.  1819.  The  history  of 
these  sprightly  sallies  has  been  already  referred  to  in  our 
notice  of  the  senior  partner  of  this  literary  firm.  The 
death  of  his  chosen  friend  and  literary  colleague  was 
mourned  by  Halleck  in  those  exquisitely  beautiful  lines — 

'•Green  be  the  turf  above  thee, 
Friend  of  my  better  days!"  &c. 

In  1821  Mr.  Halleck  pub.  his  longest  poem, — Fanny, — a 
satire  upon  the  literature  and  politics  of  the  time,  in  the 
measure  of  Don  Juan.  In  1S22  and  '2.3  the  author 
visited  Europe  ;  and  it  is  to  the  reflections  engendered  by 
his  travels  that  we  are  indebted  for  the  poems  on  Burns 
and  Alnwick  Castle,  which,  with  Marco  Bozzaris  and  some 
other  pieces,  were  pub.  in  a  vol.  in  1827.  Another  edit, 
of  his  poems  appeared  in  1S36;  a  third,  with  Illustrations, 
in  1847;  and  a  fourth,  with  additions  to  the  poem  Con- 
necticut, in  1852.  The  table  of  contents  runs  as  follows: 
1.  Alnwick  Castle.  2.  Marco  ^ozzaris.  3.  Burns.  4.  Wyo- 
ming. 5.  On  the  Death  of  Joseph  Rodman  Drake.  6. 
Twilight.  7.  Psalm  CXXXIL  8.  To  *  *  *  -*■.  9.  The  Field 
of  the  Grounded  Arms.  10.  Red  Jacket.  11.  Love.  12.  A 
Sketch.  1.3.  Domestic  Happiness.  14.  Magdalen.  15. 
From  the  Italian.  16.  Translations  from  the  German  of 
Goethe.  17.  Woman.  IS.  A  Poet's  Daughter.  19.  Con- 
necticut. 20.  Music.  21.  On  the  Death  of  Lieut.  Allen. 
22.  Fanny.     23.  The  Recorder. 

Epistles,  &c.  :  1.  To  Walter  Browne,  Esq.  2.  To  *  *  *  *. 
3.  A  Fragment.  4.  Song  by  Miss  ....  5.  Song  for  the 
Drama  of  the  Spy.  6.  Address  at  the  Opening  of  a  New- 
Theatre.  7.  The  Rhyme  of  the  Ancient  Coaster.  8.  Lines 
to  her  who  can  understand  them.  9.  Extracts  from  an 
Unpublished  Poem,     10.  Notes. 

AVhen  we  state  that  the  thirty-two  pieces  above  enume- 
rated arc  all  contained  in  a  single  12mo  vol.,  in  large 
print,  comprising  but  about  4000  lines,  the  point  of  the 
regret  so  often  expressed,  that  one  who  can  write  so  well 
should  write  so  little,  will  be  immediately  understood.  It 
is  certainly  not  from  want  of  public  appreciation  that  Mr. 
Halleck  so  seldom  strikes  a  lyre  from  which  he  evokes 
such  "  eloquent  music,"  fur  few  American  poets  have  been 
so  highly  lauded  by  critics,  few  so  often  read  and  ardently 
admired  in  the  social  circles  of  the  land.  The  narrowness 
of  our  limits  is  continually  restricting  the  exercise  of  our 
inclination  in  the  way  of  quotations ;  but  we  are  not  wil- 
ling to  pass  by  the  name  of  this  graceful  and  elegant 
yet  at  the  same  time  animated  and  energetic  poet,  without 
a  few  lines  of  comment : 

'*  There  is  in  his  compositions  an  essential  pervading  grace,  a 
natural  brilliancy  of  wit,  a  freedom  yet  refinement  of  sentiment, 
a  sparkling  How  of  fancy,  and  a  power  of  personification  combined 
with  such  high  and  careful  finish,  and  such  exquisite  nicety  of 
taste,  that  the  larger  part  of  them  must  be  regarded  as  models 
almost  faultless  in  the  classes  to  which  they  belong." — ffmuJoWs 
Poets  inid  Poetry  of  America. 

"The  poems  of  Fitz-Greene  Ilalleck.  although  limited  in  quan- 
tity, are  i>erhaps  the  best-known  and  most  cherished,  especially  in 
the  latitude  of  New  York,  of  all  American  verses.  .  .  .  The  school- 
boy and  the  old  Knickerbocker  both  know  them  by  heart.  In  his 
serious  poems,  he  belongs  to  the  same  school  as  Campbell;  and  in 
his  lighter  pieces  reminds  us  of  Beppo  and  the  best  parts  of  Don 
Juan.  Fanny,  conceived  in  the  latter  vein,  has  the  point  of  a  fine 
lo<'al  satire  gracefully  executed.  Burns,  and  the  lines  on  the  death 
of  Drake,  have  the  beautiful  impressiveness  of  the  highest  elegiac 
Terse.  Marco  Bozzaris  is  perhaps  the  best  martial  lyric  in  the 
language;  Red  Jacket  the  most  effecti\e  Indi.in  ))ortrait;  and 
Twilight  an  apt  piece  of  contemplative  veise;  while  Alii"ick  Castle 
comliines  his  grave  and  gay  style  with  inimitable  art  and  admirable 
eEFect." — Henry  T.  Tuclcerman's  Sketch  of  American  Litirature. 

An  exquisite  American  poet,  a  most  unexceptionable 
judge  in  the  premises,  ably  justifies  Mr.  Halleck  in  those 
rhythmical  inequalities  which  have  sometimes  been  cen- 
sured as  inartistic  and  ungraceful.  We  give  a  brief  extract : 


IIAL 


HAL 


"He  is  familiar  with  those  general  rules  and  principles  which 
are  the  basis  of  metriLal  harmony;  and  his  own  un-.'rring  taste 
has  taught  him  the  exceptions  which  a  proper  attention  to  variety 
demands.  lie  understands  that  the  rivulet  is  made  musical  by 
obstructions  in  its  channel.  In  no  poet  can  be  found  passages 
which  How  with  more  svreet  and  liquid  smoothness;  but  he  knows 
very  well  that  to  make  this  smriothness  perceived,  and  to  prevent 
it  from  degenerating  into  monotony,  occasional  roughness  must 
lie  intei-posed." — William  Cullen  Bryant. 

'•  It  may  be  said  of  his  compositions,  as  it  can  be  affirmed  of  few 
American  verses,  that  they  have  a  real  innate  harmony,  some- 
thing not  dependent  on  the  number  of  syllables  in  each  line,  or 
capable  of  being  dissected  out  into  feet,  but  growing  in  them,  as 
it  were,  and  created  by  the  fine  ear  nf  the  writer.  Their  senti- 
ments, too,  are  exalted  and  ennobling;  eminently  genial  and 
honest,  they  stamp  the  author  for  a  good  man  and  true, — Nature's 
aristocracy." — Fraser^s  Magazine. 

For  further  particulars  re?pecting  this  delightful  writer 
and  his  productions  we  must  refer  the  reader  to  the  works 
above  cited :  also  to  Duyckiiieks'  Cyc.  of  Amer.  Lit. ;  Poe's 
Literati ;  Miss  Mitford's  RceoUeetious  of  a  Literary  Life  ; 
Whipple's  Essays  and  Reviews  ;  H.  B.  Wallace's  Literary 
Criticisms,  60-63;  New  Englander,  i.  153;  South.  Lit. 
Messenger,  ii.  326 ;  viii.  242  ;  A  mer.  Quar.  Rev.,  xxi.  399  ; 
Knickerbocker,  xxvi.  553  ;  U.  States  Lit.  Mess.,  vi.  8  ;  In- 
ternational Mag.,  i.  166 ;  iii.  433,  434. 

The  lato  Mr.  Rogers  was  an  ardent  admirer  of  Mr.  Hal- 
leck's  poetry,  and  paid  a  glowing  tribute  to  his  genius  in 
a  letter  to  AVashington  Irving,  read  by  the  latter  at  a  lite- 
rary dinner  in  New  York  in  1S37. 

New  and  complete  editions  of  Mr.  Ilnlleck's  Poems  were 
pub.  in  IS.^S,  by  Messrs.  Apjileton,  of  N.Y..  in  1  vol.  12mo, 
and  also  1  vol.  8vo,  illustratdl. 

Halleck,  Lt.  H.  W.  Elements  of  Military  Art  and 
Science,  N.  York,  1846,  12mo. 

Hallet,  Dr.  Aurora  Burealis  ;  Phil.  Trans.,  1726. 
Hallet,  Joseph,  Jr.,  1692-1744,  an  Arian  divine, 
pub.  answers  to  the  deistical  arguments  of  Chubb,  Woolston, 
and  Morgan, — see  Leland's  Deistical  Writers, — and  several 
other  works,  of  which  the  best-known  are  3  vols.,  1729, 
'32,  '36,  on  the  Study  of  the  Holy  Scriptures,  tte. 

'•Whether  the  reader  shall  agree  or  differ  with  II:ilIet  in  many 
of  the  views  which  are  stated  and  defended  in  these  volumes,  he 
wiU  not  deny  their  author  the  praise  of  deep  l.juniing,  patient  re- 
search, and  originality  of  mind." — Orme's  Bihl.  Bib. 

Hallett,  Robert.  Use  of  Tobacco-Water  in  pre- 
serving Fruit-Crops,  by  destroying  Insects,  ic. ;  Nic.  Jour., 
1808. 

Halley,  Edmnud,  LL.D.,  1656-1742,  an  eminent 
mathematician  and  astronomer,  a  native  of  Ilaggerston, 
Shorediteh,  liondon,  was  educated  at  St.  Paul's  School, 
and  at  Queen's  College,  Oxford.  In  1703  he  was  appointed 
Savilian  Professor  of  Geometry  at  Oxford,  and  in  1719 
succeeded  Flamsteed  as  Astronomer  Royal.  In  1676  he 
pub.  his  first  paper  in  the  Phil.  Trans,  on  the  Orbits  of  the 
Primary  Planets;  in  1679  he  pub.  his  Catalogue  of  the 
Southern  Stars;  and  in  1683  he  gave  to  the  world,  through 
the  medium  of  the  Phil.  Trans.,  his  Theory  of  the  Varia- 
tion of  the  Magnetical  Compass.  In  the  years  1698-1700 
he  sailed  along  the  coasts  of  Africa,  America,  &q.,  in  order 
to  test  the  variation  of  the  needle  iu  diffcient  parts  of  the 
world.  For  a  detailed  account  of  his  life  and  publica- 
tions,— upon  astronomy,  mathematics,  nat.  philos.,  tfec. — 
we  must  refer  the  reader  to  Biog.  Brit. ;  Birch's  Life  of 
Tillotson ;  Whiston's  Life;  Athen.  Oxon.;  Thompson's 
Hist,  of  the  Royal  Society ;  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit. :  an  article 
by  Sir  David  Brewster  in  Rich's  Cyc.  of  Univ.  Biog.  The 
Rev.  J.  S.  Rigaud  pub.,  in  1844,  A  Defence  of  Edmund 
Ilalley  against  the  Charge  of  Religious  Infidelity :  see 
Newton,  Sir  Isaac,  p.  1418.  Halley  excelled  in  many 
departments  of  learning  and  scientific  research  : 

'•While  we  thought  theenlogiunxof  an  astronomer,  a  naturaliat, 
a  scholar,  and  a  philosopher,  comprehended  our  whole  subject,  we 
have  heen  insensibly  surprised  with  the  history  of  an  excellent 
mariner,  an  illustrious  traveller,  an  able  engineer,  and  almost  a 
ttate-iniau." — M.  Mairan:  ^logt:  upon  Hallfiy,  1742. 

Halley,  George,     Serms.,  1689,  '91,  *98,  all  4to. 

Halley,  Robert,  D.D.  1.  Lects.  on  the  Sacraments : 
T.  Baptism,  Lon.,  1844,  8vo;  IL  The  Lord's  Supper,  1851, 
'o3,  Svo. 

■•  To  those  who  should  wish  to  see  Cardinal  Wiseman's  discourses 
on  this  subject  refuted  in  a  most  masterly  manner,  we  recommend 
Dr.  Halley's  volume." — LffU.  }Vatchman. 

2.  Reply  to  the  Rev.  C.  Stovel  on  Baptism,  1844,  Svo. 

Halliday,  Sir  Andrew,  M.D.,  d.  1S40,  pub.  several 
profes.^ional  and  other  works,  for  a  list  of  which,  and  a 
biographical  notice  of  the  author,  see  Lon.  Gent.  Mag., 
January,  1840.  See  also  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit.  We  notice 
the  following:  1.  Memoir  of  the  Campaign  of  1815,  Paris, 
1816,  Svo.  2.  A  Genealogical  Hist,  of  the  House  of  Guelph, 
Lon.,  1820,  4to.     A  fragment  upon  this  subject  was  found 


among  the  papers  of  Gibbon,  the  historian.  3.  Annals  of 
the  House  of  Brunswick,  1826,  2  vols.  Svo.  4.  Annals  of 
the  House  of  Hanover,  1826,  2  vols.  r.  Svo.  5.  The  West 
Indies,  1837,  Svo. 

"Of  modest  pretensions,  but  replete  with  Interesting  and  instruct- 
ive infirmation." — L-m.  Athcn(Eum,  1837  :  242. 

Halliday,  John.     Arithmetic,  Lon.,  1749,  Svo. 

Hallitav,  Dr.     Euclid,  Oxon.,  1685,  Svo. 

Hallifax,  Charles.  1.  Familiar  Letters,  1753.  2.  Mis- 
cellanies in  Prose  and  Verse,  Svo. 

Hallifax,  James,  Rector  of  Cheddington,  Bucks,  and 
Vicar  of  Ewell,  Surrey.     Serms.,  1756-71. 

Hallifax,  Samuel,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  1733-1790,  a  native 
of  Mansfield,  Derbyshire  ;  educated  at  Jesus  Coll.,  Camb., 
and  Trinity  Hall:  Rector  of  Cheddington,  Bucks,  1765; 
Prof,  of  Arabic,  Univ.  Camb.,  1768;  Regius  Prof,  of  Civil 
Law, 1770;  Rector  of  Warsop,  177S;  Bishop  of  Gloucester, 
1781 ;  trans,  to  St.  Asaph,  1787.  1.  Analysis  of  the  Roman 
Civil  Law,  Lon.,  1774,  75,  Svo;  Camb.,  1795,  Svo.  New 
ed.,  by  J.  W.  Geldart,  18.".0,  Svo.  See  AVarren's  Law  Stu- 
dies. 2.  12  Serms.  on  Prophecies,  1776,  Svo.  See  Brit.  Crit., 
0.  S.,  xxvii.  653.     Bp.  H.  pub.  a  number  of  other  serms. 

Hallifax,  Wm.,  D.D.     Serm.,  1701,  4to. 

Hallifax*     See  Halifax. 

HalliAvell,  James  Orchard,  an  eminent  English 
archaeologist,  b.  1821,  author  and  editor  of  many  valuable 
works,  principally  illustrative  of  past  ages,  and  exhibiting 
extensive  learning  and  laborious  research.  Many  of  Mr. 
Halliwell's  volumes  were  privately  printed,  and  in  some 
cases  only  10  to  25  copies  were  struck  otf.  1.  Acct.  of 
Popular  Tracts  in  Capt.  Cox's  Library,  Lon.,  1849,  Svo. 
2.  Acct.  of  the  MSS.  in  Chetham  Library,  1842.  3.  Acct. 
of  the  only  known  MS.  of  Shakespeare's  Plays,  1S43,  Svo. 

4.  Ancient  Inventories  of  English  Furniture.  Ac,  lS54,4to. 

5.  Ancient   MSS.   in   the   Public   Library,  Plymouth,  4to. 

6.  Ancient  Systems  of  Notation,  1854,  4to.  7.  A  Neat 
Boke  about  Shakespeare,  ttc,  1851,  4to.  S.  Archseologist: 
Journal  of  Antiquarian  Science,  Svo.  9.  Antiquities,  &c. 
illustrating  the  Life  and  Works  of  Shake.-peare,  4to. 
10.  Cat.  of  the  Contents  of  the  Codex  Holbrookiauus.  1840, 
Svo.  11.  Cat.  of  Proclamatii)ns,  Broadsides,  Ballads,  and 
Poems,  presented  to  the  Chetham  Library  by  J.  0.  Halli- 
well,  1851,  4to.  12.  Character  of  Sir  John  Falstafi^,  1S41, 
12mo.  13.  Collection  of  Pieces  in  the  Dialect  of  Zummerset, 
1843.  p.  Svo.    14.  Contrib.  toEarlyEng.  Lit.,4to.    15.  Diet. 

j  of  Archaic  and  Provincial  Words,  3d  ed.,  1855,  2  vols.  Svo. 
'  16.  Early  Hist,  of  Free-Masonry  in  England,  2d  ed.,  1844, 

p.  Svo.  17.  Foundation  Document  of  Merton  Coll.,  Oxf., 
I  by  John  Heywond.  1843,  Svo.     IS.  Garland  of  Shakespe- 

riana  recently  added  to  the  Libraiy  of  J.  0.  H.  19.  Gros- 
'  teste's  Castle  of  Love,  4to.     20.  Hist.  Coll.  Jesu  Cantab. ;  i 

J.  Shcrmauno,  »fec.,  Svo.  21.  Hist.  Sketch  of  the  Provincial 
'  Dialects  of  England,  1S47,  Svo.     22.  Illustrations  of  the 

Hist,  of  Prices,  4to.  23.  Introduc.  to  Shakespeare's  Mid- 
I  summer's  Night  Dream,  1S42,  8vo.  24.  Jokes  of  the  Cam- 
,  bridge  Cofi'ee-Houses  in  the  17th  Cent.,  1842,  ISmo, 
!  25.  Letter''  of  the  Kings  of  England,  2d  ed.,  184S,  2  vols. 

p.  Svo.  26.  Letters  on  Scientific  Subjects  tt:nip.  Eliz.  to 
I  Charles  IL,  Svo.  27.  Life  of  William  Shakespeare,  1848, 
■  Svo.  28.  Life  of  Sir  Samuel  Morlund,  Svo.  29.  Lit.  of 
!  the   16th   and    17th  Cents.     30.  Merry  Tales  of  the  Wise 

Men  of  Gotham,  1840,  p.  Svo.     31.  Morte  Arthurc,  from 

the  Lincoln   MS.,  4tn.      32.  MS.  Rarities  in  Cambridge 

Univ.,  Svo.  33.  Norfolk  Anthology,  4to.  34.  Nugie  Po- 
!  eticee  :  Select  Pieces  of  Old  English  Poetry,  1844,  12mo. 

35.  Nursery  Rhymes  of   England,  5th   ed.,  1854,  p.  Svo. 

36.  Palatine  Anthology.  4tn.  37.  Poetry  of  Witchcraft, 
1  4to.  38.  Popular  Rhymes  and  Nursery  Tales,  1849,  12mo. 
I  39.  Rara  Mathematica,  2d  ed.,  1839,  12mo.     40.  Reliquia 

Antiquae,  2  vols.  Svo;  in  conjunction  with  Mr.  Thomas 
j  Wright.  41.  Shakesperiana:  Cat.  of  the  early  edits,  of 
I  Shakespeare's  Plays,  Ac,  1841,  Svo.  42.  Shakespeare 
Forgeries  at  Bridgewater  House,  4to.  43.  Shake:s[iearo 
'  Reliques  in  the  possession  of  J.  0.  H.,  4to.  44.  Sir  John 
j  Maundeville's  Voiage  and  Travaile.  45.  Sydneian  Litera- 
ture in  the  Library  of  J.  0.  H.,  1854,  4to.  46.  The  Cou- 
!  nexion  of  Wales  with  the  Early  Science  of  England.  Svo. 
I  47.  The  First  Sketches  of  the  Second  and  Third  Parts  of 
I  K.  Henry  VI.  48.  The  Harrowing  of  Hell,  1840,  Svo. 
I  49.  Theolog.  MSS.  in  the  Library  of  J.  0.  H.,  1854.  4to. 
\  50.  Th«  Vernon  MSS.,  1848,  Svo.  51.  Torrent  of  Portugal, 
j  1842,  p.  Svo.  52.  Two  Essays  on  Numerieal  Calculation, 
^  &c.,  1839,  Svo.  bi.  Unique  Ed.  of  Sir  P.  Sydney's  Ar- 
I  cadia,  1854,  4to.  b'i.  Yorkshire  Anthology,  4to. 
I  We  have  many  testimonies  before  us  to  the  merits  of 
I  Mr.  Halliwell's  productions,  but  want  of  space  compels  us 
reluctantly  to  omit  them. 

771 


HAL 


HAM 


The  above  list  exhibits  evidence  of  no  ordinary  literary 
industry;  but  the  iiutfinum  opus  of  Mr.  Ilalliwell  remains 
to  he  mentioned.  This  is  a  grand  edition  of  The  Works 
of  "William  Shakespeare,  with  a  new  collation  of  the  early 
editions,  all  the  original  novels  and  tales  on  which  the 
plays  are  founded;  copious  archwological  illustrations  to 
each  play ;  and  a  life  of  the  Poet.  This  magnificent  work 
is  to  be  completed  in  20  folio  vols.,  of  which  5  have  ap- 
peared, (1856,)  at  a  cost  of  £63.  It  was  .it  first  settled  that 
the  cost  would  he  £2  2s.  each  vol.,  or  £42  in  all,  hut  it  was 
subsequently  advanced  to  £6.3.  The  edition  is  limited  to 
150  copies.  The  illustrations  are  to  be  by.  and  under  the 
care  of,  Mr.  F.  W.  Fairholt.  This  will  he  indeed  the 
noblest  monument  to  the  memory  of  the  illustrious  bard. 
See  Lon.  Oent.  Mag.,  April,  1855,  :)92;  June,  1855,  554. 

Hallock,  Rev.  Wni,  A,  Life  and  Labours  of  the 
Rev.  Justin  Edwards.  D.D..  N.  York,  1856,  12mo. 

Halloran,  O'.     See  O'IIalloran. 

Halloway,  Ilen.jamin.  Remarks  on  Dr.  Sharp's 
pieces  on  the  words  Ellnhim  and  Bcrith,  Lon.,  8vo. 

Halls,  Itobert,  M.D.     Con.  to  Med.  Com.,  1795. 

Ilallwai'il,  John.     Serm.,  Lon..  1775,  8vo. 

Hallywell,  Hi'iiry,  Vicar  of  Cowfidd,  pub.  several 
theolog.  works,  of  which  the  best-known  is  one  on  witches, 
entitled  Melampronvea,  &c..  Lon.,  1681,  8vo.  See  Lon. 
Retrosp.  Rev.,  v.  87-136:   1822. 

Halpin,  Rev.  .lohn  Nicholas,  1790-1851,  was  the 
author  of  some  works  on  Shakspe;ire,  Spenser,  theological 
subjects,  Ac,  1811-50.     See  Lon.  tyent.  Mag..  Aug.  1851. 

Halstead,  Robert,  a  fictitious  name  under  which 
Henry,  second  E;xrl  of  Peterborough,  pub.  a  work  drawn 
up  by  himself  and  his  chaplain,  entitled  Succinct  Genealo- 
gies of  the  noble  and  .ancient  Houses  of  Alno,  or  Do  AIneto, 
Broc  of  Shephale,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1685,  fol.  See  full  title  and 
collation  in  Lowndes's  Bibl.  Man.,  862.  Only  21  copies 
were  printed:  a  copy  has  been  sold  for  £100. 

Halsted,  Caroline  Amelia,  d.  1851,  an  authoress 
of  some  distinction.  1.  Life  of  Margaret  Beaufort,  Coun- 
tess of  Richmond  and  Derljy.  Lon.,  1839,  '45,  8vo.  2.  Obli- 
gations of  Literature  to  Mothers  of  England.  (Uresham 
Prize  Essay,)  1840,  p.  8vo.  3.  Investigation,  3d  ed.,  1846, 
fp.  8vo.     4.  Life  of  Richard  IIL,  1844,  2  vols.  8vo. 

"  \Vt!  consider  Miss  Halsted's  work  as  one  of  the  most  interesting 
and  able  pieces  of  history  which  has  ever  been  presented  to  the 
world.  The  research  which  it  manifests  is  most  extensive ;  the 
arrangement  clear  and  lucid;  the  style  alw.avs  animated  and  pic- 
turesque. Many  new  lights  are  thrown  on  the  career  of  Itichai-d, 
many  new  facts  elicited,  and  the  injustice  of  four  centuries  vindi- 
cated by  this  intrepid  and  indefatigable  champion  of  historical 
truth.'" — Lon.  Mdmiwlttan  Mufiazinf:. 

*'Miss  Halsted  deserves  great  credit  for  her  laborious  attempt  to 
vindicate  llichard's  character,  and  for  the  patient  care  with  which 
she  has  sought  out  and  marshalled  her  authorities." — Lon.AtUe- 
nccum. 

In  this  history  Miss  Halsted  concurs  with  Sir  George 
Buc,  who,  as  Wood  says, 

'*Doth  make  King  Richard  ITI.  an  admirable  man.  and  not  at 
all  that  man  that  other  histories  make  him  to  be." — Alfim.  Oxnn. 

To  these  advocates  for  Richard's  character  must  be 
added  Horace  W.aIpoIe  and  Sharon  Turner. 

Halsted,  Peter.     Two  Serms.,  Lon.,  1794,  8vo. 

Halsted,  Wni.  1.  Rep.  of  Cases  in  Supreme  Ct,  of  N. 
Jersey,  1821-32,  Trenton,  1823-31,  7  vols.  8vo.  2.  Inde.\  to 
the  Decis.  of  the  Superior  Cts.  of  N.  Jersey,  1843-44,  Svo. 

Halsy,  James.     Serm..  Ac.  Lon.,  1676-78. 

Halward,  John.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1774,  Svo. 

Haly,  Capt.  Aylmer,  of  the  King's  (own)  Infantry. 
Military  Observations,  Lon.,  1801,  8vo. 

Haly,  Wm.  W.     See  Troubat,  Francis  J. 

Halyburtou,  Thomas,  1674-1712,  a  divine  of  the 
Church  of  Scotland,  a  native  of  Duplin,  near  Perth  ;  mi- 
nister of  the  parish  of  Ceres,  1700  ;  Prof,  of  Divinity  in 
the  Univ.  of  St.  Andrew's,  1710.  1.  Natural  Religion  In- 
sufficient, Ac,  Edin.,  1714,  4to;  1798,  8vo.  An  ed.,  with 
Introduc.  by  Rev.  David  Young,  12mo. 

"  It  contains  a  very  able  examination  of  the  writings  of  Lord 
Herbert,  and  demolishes  to  the  jrrouud  the  strongholds  of  the 
enemies  of  Revelation." — Orme's  Bibl.  Bib. 

••A  work  of  gieat  solidity  and  worth."— i)r.  E.  Williams's  C.  P. 

*'  This  elaborate  performance." — Leland's  Dnstical  Writers,  q.  v. 

2.  Memoirs  of  his  Life.  Continued  by  James  Watson, 
Edin.,  1715,  Svo.  With  a  Pref.  by  Dr.  Isaac  Watts,  Lon., 
1718,  Svo. 

"  Specially  valuable  for  a  minister."— BicA'n-,!(clft's  C.  fS. 

3.  The  Great  Concern  of  Salvation,  Edin.,  1722,  Svo. 
Still  highly  esteemed.  4.  Ten  serms.  on  the  Lord's  Sup- 
per, 1722,  Svo.  5.  His  Works,  with  an  Essay  on  his  Life 
and  Writings  by  Robert  Burns,  D.D.,  Lon.,  1835,  Svo. 

"  No  Christian's,  and  especially  no  Scottish  clergyman's,  hbrary 
should  be  without  a  m^y ."—Scottish  Ouardian. 
"  lie  wa.s  a  man  of  great  piety,  bright  uatui-al  parts,  studious 


learning,  and  nnonmmon  penetration  and  judgment." — Dr.  TSA.^c 
Watts.     See  bis  ^lenioirs. 

Halyburtou,  VVm.     Georgics,  Edin.,  1782,  8yo. 

Ham,  Robert.     Visit.  Serm.,  Lon.,  1713,  Svo. 

Hambleton,  John.  Serms.  on  the  53d  of  Isaiah, 
.The  Beatitudes,  &c.,  Lon.  1831,  Svo. 

'■  Truly  scriptural  in  their  character.'" — Lon.  Chris.  Observ. 

Other  serms.  and  theolog.  works. 

Hamel,  Felix  John.  The  Laws  of  the  Customs, 
Lon.,  1S54,  r.  Svo. 

*'  Mr.  Ilamt-rs  work  evinces  a  thorough  intimacy  with  the  learn- 
ing of  lievenUL-  Law.'" — Lfi/.  Observer, 

Hamersley,  Rich.  Advice  to  Sunday  Barbers 
against  Trimming  on  the  Lord's  Day,  Lon.,  1706,  Svo. 

Hamey,  Baldwin.  De  Juramento  Medicorum, 
Lon.,  1693,  4to. 

Hamilton,  Marquis  of.  Declaration  and  Vindica- 
tion of  Himself,  1638,  4to. 

Hamilton,  Lady.  Secret  Hist,  of  the  Court  of  Eng- 
land from  the  Accession  of  George  III.  to  the  Death  of 
George  IV.,  1832,  2  vols.  Svo. 

"The  only  genuine  secret  history  of  the  period,  written  by  the 
sister  of  the  late  Duke  of  Hamilton.  It  abounds  in  most  inte- 
resting sketches  of  the  notabilities  of  Carlton  House  and  the  Pa- 
vilion, and  admits  the  reader  at  once  behind  the  scenes  relative 
to  the  tran.s.actions  with  Queen  Caroline,  the  Countess  of  Jersey, 
Sir  Sidney  Smith,  ic." 

Hamilton,  Mrs.  Housekeeping-Book,  Lon.,  1853, 
'55,  Svo. 

"  Some  very  sensible  advice  to  young  housekeepers  is  prefixed." 
— L'm.  Specl'ilcr. 

Hamilton,  A.     Serms.,  Edin.,  1696, 12mo. 

Hamilton,  Miss  A.     Novels,  1806-11. 

Hamilton,  A.  G.  New  Key  to  unlock  every  King- 
dom, State,  and  Province  in  the  known  world,  12mo. 

"Any  person  possessing  the  matter  that  this  smaU  volume  con- 
tains may  pass  through  the  world  as  a  clever  man." — FaUu,  Rev. 

Hamilton,  Captain  Alexander.  A  New  Account 
of  the  East  Indies,  Edin.,  1727,  2  vols.  Svo;  Lon.,  1744, 
2  vols.  Svo.  Also  in  vol.  viii.  of  Pinkerton's  Collection 
of  Voyages  and  Tra'vels.  Capt.  H.  gives  the  results  of 
thirty  years'  observations  in  these  parts. 

"  One  of  the  bestof  the  earlier  accounts  of  India." — McOtdUxh'a 
Lit.  ofPolit.  Ecmi. 

Hamilton,  Major-Geueral  Alexander,  1757- 
1804,  one  of  the  most  distinguished  of  the  soldiers  and 
statesmen  of  the  American  Revolution,  was  born  in  the 
island  of  Nevis,  of  which  his  mother  was  a  native, 
his  father  being  a  Scotchman.  At  the  age  of  fifteen 
he  w,as  entered  as  a  private  student  in  King's  (now 
Columbia)  College.  When  only  seventeen,  he  pub.  a 
series  of  admirable  essays  on  the  Rights  of  the  Colonies; 
before  he  was  nineteen,  he  entered  the  Revolutionary 
array  as  a  captain  of  artillery;  in  1777  he  became  aide- 
de-camp  to  General  Washington,  with  the  rank  of  lieu- 
tenant-colonel;  in  1780  he  was  married  to  the  second 
daughter  of  General  Schuyler,  who  survived  her  husband 
half  a  century  ;  in  1782  he  was  elected  a  member  of  Con- 
gress from  the  State  of  New  I'ork:  in  1786  he  was  chosen 
a,  member  of  the  Legislature  of  New  York ;  in  1787  he 
was  a  delegate  to  the  Convention  which  framed  the  Con- 
stitution of  the  United  States:  in  1788  he  pub.,  in  con- 
junction with  Madison  and  Jay,  the  celebrated  essjiys 
entitled  The  Federalist;  in  the  same  year  he  was  a  mem- 
ber of  the  State  Convention  of  New  York,  summoned  to 
ratify  the  Constitution  proposed  for  tho  United  States;  in 
1789  he  became  Secretary  of  the  Treasury;  in  1795  he 
applied  himself  to  tho  practice  of  the  law  in  the  city  of 
New  Y^ork  ;  in  1798  he  was,  at  Washington's  request,  ap- 
pointed second  iu  command  of  the  provisional  army, 
summoned  to  repel  an  apprehended  invasion  of  the  French  : 
on  the  death  of  Washington,  in  1799,  he  succeeded  to  tho 
chief  command  of  the  army;  ou  the  disbanding  of  the 
army  he  returned  to  private  life,  and  practised  at  the  Bar 
until  1804,  when,  on  the  12th  of  June,  his  life  was  termi- 
nated by  a  wound  received  the  day  preceding  iu  a  duel 
with  Colonel  Aaron  Burr. 

He  was  a  man  of  extraordinary  intellectual  capacity, 
and  of  great  firmness  and  energy  of  character;  and  to 
no  one,  with  the  exception  of  the  illustrious  Washington, 
are  the  people  of  the  United  States  more  deeply  indebted 
for  the  republican  freedom  which  they  now  enjoy.  His 
political  essays  abound  with  choice  specimens  of  argumen- 
tative rhetoric  and  logic;il  precision.  An  edit,  of  his  works, 
comprising  Official  Reports.  The  Federalist,  Ac,  was  pub. 
in  1810,  3  vols.  sm.  Svo.  His  Official  and  other  Papers, 
edited  by  Francis  L.  Hawks,  D.D.,  appeared  in  1842,  Svo; 
and  in  1851  a  carefully-prepared  edit,  of  his  Works,  pub. 
from  the  original  MSS.  in  the  Department  of  State,  and 
edited  by  his  sou,  John  C.  Hamilton,  was  issued  iu  7  vols. 


HAM 


HAM 


8vo.  The  edit,  of  1810,  3  rols.  sm.  8vo,  must  accompany 
this  last  edit.,  as  the  former  contains  matter  not  to  be 
found  in  the  latter.  Memoirs  of  his  Life  were  jjub.  by  his 
son,  John  C.  Hamilton,  in  2  vols.  Svo,  1834— iO  ,•  and  Mr. 
Coleman  pub.  in  ISO-i,  8vo,  a  Collection  of  the  Facts  and 
Documents  relative  to  the  death  of  Major-Ueneral  Alex- 
ander Hamilton.  In  Mr.  John  C.  Hamilton's  History  of 
the  Republic,  &c.,  vol.  i.,  1858,  8vo,  will  be  found  a  sketch 
of  Hamilton's  career.  This  vol.  has  been  severely  criti- 
cized. The  best-known  of  his  works  are  the  papers  en- 
titled The  Federalist,  a  collection  of  Essays  on  the  Ame- 
rican Constitution,  pub.  in  1788,  under  the  signature  of 
"  Publius,"  in  the  interval  between  the  publication  and 
the  adoption  of  the  Constitution,  and  designed  to  explain 
its  merits  to  the  people  at  large.  There  are  eighty-five 
of  these  political  essays,  and  their  authorship  is  distributed 
as  follows : 

By  Alexander  Hamilton  :  Nos.  1,  6,  7,  8,  9,  11,  12,  13, 
15,  16, 17,  21,  22,  23,  24,  25,  26,  27,  28,  29,  30,  31,  32,  33,  34, 
35,  36,  59,  60,  61,  65,  66,  67, 68,  69,  70,  71,  72,  73,  74, 75,  76, 
77,  78,  79,  SO,  81,  82,  83,  84,  S5.    Fifty-one  Nos. 

By  James  Madison  :  Nos.  10.  14,  18,  19,  20,  37,  38,  39, 
40,  41,  42,  43,  44,  45,  46,  47,  48,  49,  50,  51,  52,  53,  54,  55,  56, 
57,  58,  62,  63.     Twenty-nine  Nos. 

By  John  Jay  :  Nos.  2,  3,  4,  5,  64.     Five  Nos. 

These  celebrated  essays  have  elicited  enthusiastic  com- 
mendation on  both  sides  of  the  water;  and  indeed  it  would 
be  difficult  to  exaggerate  the  merits  of  The  Federalist: 

"It  ou-^ht  to  be  familiar  to  the  statesmen  of  every  nation."— Pe 

TOCQUEVILLE. 

"A  work  which  exhibits  an  extent  and  precision  ofiuformation, 
a  profundity  of  research,  and  an  acut«ness  of  understanding, 
which  would  have  done  honour  to  the  most  illustrious  statesmen 
of  antient  or  modern  times."'— Hiin.  Rev.,  xii.  471 :  Review  of  Bill- 
house  on  Amendment  of  American  Cfmstitution. 

"  The  whole  of  the  letters  combined  present  to  us  a  masterly 
commentary  on  the  American  Constitution,  which  ought  to  be 
placed  by  the  side  of  Blackstone  in  the  library  of  every  English- 
man."— Lon.  Month.  Rev.,  cxii.  518;  Review  of  (he  Federalist. 

"  It  is  a  work,  altogether,  which,  for  comprehensiveness  of  de- 
sign, strength,  clearness  and  simplicity,  has  no  parallel — we  do 
not  even  except  or  overlook  those  of  Montesquieu  and  Aristotle — 
among  the  political  writings  of  men." — Blackwood's  Mag.,  xvii.  56 : 
American  Writers,  No.  4. 

"  No  constitution  of  government  ever  received  a  more  masterly 
and  successful  vindication.  I  know  not,  indeed,  of  any  work  on 
the  principles  of  free  government  that  is  to  be  compared,  in  in- 
struction and  intrinsic  value,  to  this  small  and  unpretending 
volume  of  the  Federalist;  not  even  if  we  resort  to  Aristotle,  Cicero, 
Machiavel,  Montesquieu,  Milton,  Locke,  or  Burke.  It  is  equally 
admirable  in  the  depth  of  its  wisdom,  the  comprehensiveness  of 
its  views,  the  sagacity  of  its  reflections,  and  the  fearlessness,  pa- 
triotism, candour,  simplicity,  and  elegance,  with  which  its  truths 
are  uttered  and  recommended.  Mr.  Justice  Story  acted  wisely  iu 
making  the  Federalist  the  basis  of  his  Commentary."— Chancellor 
Ke.vt:  Cbni.  on  Amer.  Law,  ed.  18.54,  i.  256,  257. 

We  shall  now  proceed  to  quote  some  testimonies  to  the 
merits  of  Hamilton  exclusively,  although,  indeed,  by  far 
the  larger  share  of  each  of  the  eulogies  cited  above  be- 
longs by  right  to  him  : 

"  It  was  from  him  that  the  Federalist  derived  the  weight  and 
the  power  which  commanded  the  careful  attention  of  the  country, 
and  carried  conviction  to  the  great  body  of  intelligent  men  in  all 
parts  of  the  Union."— GborgeTicknor  Curtis:  Hist,  of  the  Cbnsiit. 
of  the  U.  States,  1854,  vol.  i.  417.  Read  Mr.  Curtis's  observations 
on  the  edits,  of  the  Federalist. 

"  His  are  easily  distinguished  by  their  superior  comprehensive- 
ness, practicalness,  originality,  and  condensed  and  polished  dic- 
tion."—R.  W.  Geiswold  ;  Life  of  HamilUm,  in  The  Prose  \Vi-iters  of 
America. 

But  to  proceed  with  our  promised  quotations: 

"Hamilton  must  be  classed  among  the  men  who  have  best 
known  the  vital  principles  and  fundamental  conditions  of  a 
government.— not  of  a  government  such  as  this,  (France.)  but  of  a 
government  worthy  of  its  mission  and  of  its  name.  There  is  not 
in  the  constitution  of  the  United  States  an  element  of  order,  of 
force,  or  of  duration,  which  he  has  not  powerfully  contributed  to 
introduce  into  it  and  caused  to  predominate."— 6'«uo£'5  Character 
and  Influence  of  Wiishingtmi. 

'*  Of  Hamilton,  in  an  especial  manner,  T  admire  your  warm  and 
characteristic  eulogy.  I  have  always  believed  that  his  title  to  re- 
nown was  as  great  as  you  have  portrayed  it.  I  never  knew  him; 
but  I  have  deemed  him  a  giant  among  his  contemporaries,  of  whom 
it  mit'ht  truly  be  said,  toto  vertice  supra  pM."— Judge  Story  to 
ChanMlor  Kent,  Dec.22,1836:  Life  and  Letttrs  of  Judge  Story  M.lb^. 

"The  model  of  eloquence  and  the  most  fascinating  of  orators. 
With  all  his  failings,  he  possessed  a  high  and  ennobled  .spirit,  and 
acquired  an  influence  from  his  overwhelming  talents  which  death 
alone  swept  away."— Judge  Storv  :  Letter  to  Mrs.  Story,  Feb.  7, 
1810:  Life  and  LeUa-s,  i.  196. 

In  the  letter  from  which  we  have  just  quoted,  Judge 
Story  refers  to  an  interview  which  he  had  with  Mrs. 
Hamilton, — General  Hamilton's  widow, — in  the  city  of 
Washington,  and  the  melancholy  feelings  thereby  excited. 
The  death  of  Hamilton  is  indeed  a  sad  theme,  and  nothing 
can  be  said  in  vindication  of  the  fatal  step  which  was  the 
cause  of  his  untimely  removal  from  patriotic  usefulness 


and  unbounded  honours.  How  long  shall  the  ''public 
opinion"  of  fools,  bravoes,  and  cowards — for  of  these  de- 
graded classes  nine-tenths  of  your  duellists  and  their 
apologists  are  composed — have  power  to  terrify  such 
noble  characters  as  Alexander  Hamilton  into  open  and 
impious  defiance  of  the  laws  of  God  and  m.an  ?  Yet  it  is 
no  small  satisfaction  to  know  that  he  deeply  regretted  his 
error,  and  sought  reconciliation  with  his  Maker  with 
^'unfeigned  humiliation  and  a  trembling  hope."  Imme- 
diately before  participating  in  that  solemn  rite  by  which 
the  Church  reminds  the  departing  believer  of  the  effectual 
atonement  once  offered  for  the  sins  of  men,  he  declared : 

'*  I  have  a  tender  reliance  on  the  mercy  of  the  Almighty  through 
the  meiits  of  the  Lord  Jesus  Christ."' 

He  was  a  careful  student  of  the  oracles  of  Divine  Reve- 
lation ;  and,  as  the  author  of  this  Dictionary  was  assured 
by  his  respected  widow,  his  Bible  still  retains  the  pencilled 
indications  of  the  interest  excited  in  his  mind  by  the  pe- 
rusal of  particular  passages  of  the  Scriptures. 

But  we  do  not  feel  willing  to  leave  the  contemplation 
of  his  memory  without  some  further  quotations  to  the  emi- 
nent abilities  of  this  illustrious  man  : 

"  The  name  of  Hamilton  would  have  honoured  Greece  in  the  age 
of  Aristides.  May  Heaven,  the  guardian  of  our  liberty,  grant  that 
our  country  may  be  fruitful  of  Hamiltons,  and  faithful  to  their 
glory.  ,  .  .  Virtue  so  rare,  so  pure,  so  bold,  by  its  very  purity  and 
excellence  inspired  suspicion  as  a  prodigy.  His  enemies  judged 
of  him  by  themselves;  so  splendid  and  arduous  were  his  services, 
they  could  not  find  it  in  their  hearts  to  believe  that  they  were 
disinterested." — FiSHER  Ames:  Sketch  of  the  CItaracter  of  Alexander 
Hamilton,  1804. 

In  the  following  sentence  Ames  is  thought  to  have 
admirably  expressed  the  public  virtues  and  social  attrac- 
tions of  Hamilton  ; 

"It  is  not  as  Apollo,  enchanting  the  shepherds  with  Ms  lyre, 
that  we  deplore  him  ;  it.  is  as  Hercules,  treacherously  slain  in  the 
midst  of  his  unfinished  labours,  leaving  the  world  overrun  with 
mon.sters." 

"  Melancholy,  most  melancholy  news  for  America — the  prema- 
ture death  of  her  greatest  man,  Major-General  Hamilton  1  ...  His 
most  stupendous  talents,  which  set  him  above  rivalship,  and  his 
integrity,  with  which  intrigue  had  not  the  hardihood  to  tamper, 
held  him  up  as  the  nation's  hope  and  as  the  terror  of  the  unprin- 
cipled."— Rev.  Dr.  John  M.  Mason  :  Letter  to  a  Friend  in  Scotland, 
Aug.  11. 1S04.  And  see  his  Eulogy  on  Hamilton  before  the  Society 
of  the  Cincinnati,  in  New  York. 

"Writing  to  a  European  correspondent  who  had  taken  some 
exceptions  to  porticos  of  this  Oration  in  honour  of  Hamilton,  Di-. 
Mason  remarks  as  follows  in  defence  of  the  high  position  which 
he  had  ascribed  to  the  soldier-statesman  of  the  Revolution  : 

"  '  It  is  very  natural  that  readers  on  your  side  of  the  water  should 
suspect  the  eulogism  to  be  overcharged.  So  do  some  among  our- 
selves; hxd  not  one  loho  k7iew  him.  I  knew  him  well,  and  I  assure 
you  that  what  I  have  said  is  sober,  literal  truth.  Such  a  human 
being  I  never  saw,  and  probably  never  shall  see  in  this  world.' 

*'  In  another  letter,  soon  after  the  calamity  of  Hamilton's  death, 
he  writes : 

" '  The  greatest  statesman  in  the  Western  World,  perhaps  the 
greatest  man  of  the  age,  has  been  cut  of!  in  the  48th  year  of  his 
age  by  the  nmrderous  arm  of  A'ice-President  Burr.  The  death  of 
Major-General  Alexander  Hamilton  has  created  a  waste  in  the 
sphere  of  intellect  and  probity  which  a  century  will  hardly  fill  up. 
He  has  left  none  like  him  :  no  second,  no  third,  nobody  to  put  us 
in  mind  of  him.  You  can  have  no  conception  of  such  a  man  un- 
less you  knew  him.' 

"That  the  Eulogy  of  Hamilton  as  pronounced  by  Dr.  Mason 
was  not  exaggerated  in  its  admiring  portraiture  is  the  testimony 
of  a  judicial  mind  like  that  of  John  Marshall.  In  acknowledging 
the  receipt  of  a  copy  of  Dr.  M.'s  oration,  that  pure-minded  jurist 
wrote  as  follows : 

"  '  I  lament  sincerely  the  loss  of  the  great  man  whose  character 
you  have  drawn  so  well.  While  I  truly  deplore  his  fate,  I  may  be 
permitted  to  indulge  a  hope  that  it  may  have  some  tendency  to 
cast  odium  on  a  practice  which  deserves  every  censure  you  have 
bestowed  upon  it.'" 

Dr.  Mason  was  engaged  for  a  number  of  years  in  pre- 
paring materials  for  a  life  of  Ilamilton,  but  never  com- 
pleted his  design.  See  Van  Vechten's  Life  of  Dr.  Mason, 
N.  York,  1856. 

The  marvellous  effects  of  the  genius  of  Hamilton,  when 
applied  to  the  disordered  finances  of  the  young  American 
republic,  exhibit  one  of  the  most  remarkable  evidences  of 
his  pre-eminent  abilities : 

"  At  the  time  when  our  government  was  organized  we  were 
without  funds,  though  not  without  resources.  To  call  them  into 
action  and  establish  order  in  the  finances.  Washington  sought  for 
splendid  talents,  for  extensive  information,  and,  above  all,  he 
sought  for  sterling,  incorruptible  integrity.  All  these  he  found 
in  Hamilton." — Gouvernedr  Morris:  Funeral  Oration  by  the  dead 
body  of  Hamilton. 

"  He  smote  the  rock  of  the  national  resources,  and  abundant 
streams  of  revenue  gushed  forth.  He  touched  the  dead  corpse  of 
the  Public  Credit,  and  it  sprung  upon  its  feet.  The  litbled  birth 
of  Minerva  from  the  brain  of  Jove  was  hardly  more  sudden  or 
more  perfect  than  the  financial  system  of  the  United  States  as  it 
burst  forth  from  the  conception  of  Alexander  Hamilton." — Daniel 
Webster:  Speech  at  a  Public  Dinner  in  New  York,  Feb.  1831. 

The  vital  energy  thus  infused  into  the  financial  system 
of  the  United  States  by  Hamilton  did  not  expire  with  the 

773 


HAM 

source  fr»m  which  it  drew  its  life.  So  far  frnm  this  is  the 
truth,  that,  to  quote  the  language  of  Mr.  Gallatin,  Secre- 
taries of  the  Treasury  have  since  enjoyeil  a  sinecure,  the 
genius  and  labours  of  Hamilton  having  created  and  ar- 
ranged every  thing  that  was  necessary  for  the  perfect  and 
easy  discharge  of  their  duties.  Indeed,  the  rapidity  with 
which  Hamilton  planned,  digested,  and  executed  his  de- 
signs, was  one  of  his  most  striking  peculiarities: 

■■He  was  capable  of  intense  and  etfectual  application,  lis  is 
abundantly  proved  by  bis  public  labours.  But  be  had  a  rapidity 
and  rlearness  of  conception  in  which  he  may  not  have  been 
e(juallea.  One  who  knew  his  habits  of  study  said  of  him,  tliat 
when  he  had  a  serious  object  to  accomplish  his  practice  was  to  re- 
flect on  it  previouslv  ;  and,  when  he  had  gone  throuBh  this  labour, 
he  retired  to  sleep,  without  regard  to  the  hour  of  night,  and,  hav- 
ini'  slept  six  or  seven  hours,  be  rose,  and,  having  taken  strong 
coffee,  seated  himself  at  his  table,  where  he  would  remain  six, 
Beven,  or  eight  hours;  and  the  product  of  his  rapid  pen  required 
little  correction  for  the  press.'— W11J.IAM  Sullivan:  Skelcli  of 
Hamilton,  from  the  Familiur  Letters.  ^ 

'■■Where,  among  all  the  speculative  philosophers  in  political 
science  whom  the  world  has  seen,  shall  we  find  a  man  of  greater 
acuteness  of  intellect,  or  more  capable  of  devising  a  scheme  of  go- 
vernment which  should  appear  theoretically  perfect?  Yet  Hamil- 
ton's unquestionable  genius  fjr  pulitical  disquisition  and  con- 
struction was  directed  and  restrained  by  a  noble  generosity,  and 
an  unerring  perception  of  the  practicable  and  the  expedient, 
which  enabled  him  to  serve  mankind  without  attempting  to  force 
them  to  his  own  plans,  and  without  compelling  them  into  his  own 
views."— Georoe  'flcKNOR  CUKTIS :  Hist,  of  the  Amcr.  Constit.,  1861, 
Tol.  i.  387,  358. 

"Among  all  the  remarkable  men  of  the  Revolution,  we  know  01 
no  one  who.  for  the  attributes  which  usually  mark  genius,  was 
more  distinguished,  lie  was  endowed  with  a  singularly  compre- 
hensive mind,  which  enabled  him  to  originate  forms  of  govern- 
ment and  systems  of  administiation,  whilst  he  united  with  it  an 
intrepidity  and  an  energy  equal  to  the  task  of  putting  them  in 
execution."— Charles  Francis  Adams:  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  liii.  70:  Re- 
view of  the  Madison  I'apers. 

"In  Hamilton's  death  the  Federalists  and  the  country  expe- 
rienced a  loss  second  only  to  that  of  Washington.  Hamilton  pos- 
sessed the  same  rare  and  lofty  qualities,  the  same  just  balance  of 
soul,  with  less,  indeed,  of  Washington's  severe  simplicity  and 
awe-inspiring  presence,  but  with  more  of  warmth,  variety,  orn,a- 
ment,  and  grace.  If  the  Doric  in  architecture  may  be  taken  as 
the  symbol  of  Washington's  character,  Hamilton's  belonged  to  the 
same  grand  style  as  developed  in  the  Corinthian,- if  less  impres- 
sive, more  winning.  If  we  .add  Jay  for  the  Ionic,  we  have  a  trio 
not  to  be  matched,  in  fact  not  to  be  .approached,  in  our  history,  if 
indeed  in  any  other.  Of  earth-born  Titans,  as  terrible  as  great, — 
now  angels,  and  now  toads  and  serpents,- there  are  everywhere 
enough.  Of  the  serene  and  benign  sons  of  the  celestial  gods,  how 
few  at  any  time  have  walked  the  earth!"— Richard  Hildreth: 
Hiit.  of  the  U.  States. 

■'  Next  to  Washington  stands  the  n.ame  of  Hamilton  on  the  roll 
of  American  fame  and  in  its  demands  on  the  gratitude  of  his 
country.  We,  at  least,  have  grown  gray  in  that  faith,  and  the 
events  of  every  succeeding  d.iy  serve  but  to  confirm  our  early  and 
unchanged  creed.  The  working  of  the  political  institutions  of  our 
country,  whether  for  good  or  evil,  has  never  ceased  to  indicate  a 
prophetic  mind  in  Hamilton."— Francis  L.  Hawks.D.D.  :  N.  York 
Review,  viii.  121 :  Review  of  John  C.  Hamilton's  Life  of  Alexander 
HamMon. 

Read  this  eloquent  sketch  of  the  public  character  of 
Hamilton.  See  also  Amer.  Qu.ar.  Rev.,  xv.  .311;  Walsh's 
Ann.  Rev.,  i.  201;  ii.  1;  Dem.  Rev.,  xi.  142;  Chris.  Ex- 
am., xxix.  243;  McCuIloch's  Lit.  of  Polit.  Boon. 

The  conjunction  thus  presented  of  the  names  of  Wash- 
ington and  Hamilton  affi'rds  us  an  opportunity  of  quoting 
the  glowing  tribute  of  the  latter  to  the  merits  of  his  illus- 
trious friend  and  compatriot : 

'*  When  the  decease  of  the  illustrious  and  beloved  commander- 
in-chief  in  1799  was  offlci.ally  announced  to  the  army  of  the  United 
States  by  General  Hamilton,  who  of  all  his  honoured  aud  trusted 
associates  stood  highest,  I  think,  in  the  alfections  aud  confidence 
of  the  chief,  it  was  truly  said  by  him  in  his  general  orders,  that  ■  the 
voice  of  praise  would  in  vain  endeavour  to  exalt  a  name  unrivalled 
iu  the  li^^ts  of  true  glory.'" — Edward  Everett:  OratOm  on  }\ash- 
ington,  ilelivend  in  mainj  of  the  prinripal  cities  of  the  Union  in  1856. 


But  we  have  already  far  transcended  the  limits  which 
we  had  .assigned  for  the  extent  of  this  article.  Yet  we 
feel  unwilling  to  conclude  without  gratifying  the  reader 
by  quoting  for  his  benefit  the  following  letter  from  Mr. 
George  Tieknor,  of  Boston,  the  distinguished  author  of 
the  History  of  Spanish  Literature,  to  Mr.  George  Tieknor 
Curtis,  the  author  of  the  History  of  the  Constitution  of 
the  United  States : 

'•  While  these  sheets  are  passing  through  the  press,  Mr.  Tieknor 
writes  to  me  as  follows:  ■One  d,ay  in  .lauuaiy,  1819,  talking  with 
Prince  Talleyrand,  in  Paris,  about  his  visit  to  America,  he  e.x. 
pressed  the  highest  admiration  of  Mr.  Hamilton,  Mying,  among 
other  things,  that  he  had  known  nearly  all  the  marked  men  of 
his  time,  but  that  he  had  never  known  one,  on  the  whole,  equal 
to  him.  I  was  much  surprised  and  gratified  with  the  remark; 
but  still,  feeling  that,  as  an  American,  I  was  in  some  sort  a  party 
concerned  by  patriotism  in  the  compliment,  I  answered,  with  a 
little  reserve,  that  the  great  milihtry  commanders  and  the  great 
statesmen  of  Europe  had  dealt  with  larger  masses  and  wider  in- 
terests than  he  had.  '-Mais,  monsieur,"  the  Prince  instantly 
replied,  '■  Hamilton  avait  dcriie  rEuropo."'" 
771 


HAM 

Hamilton,  Alexander,  M.D.,  Prof,  of  Midwifery  in 
the  Univ.  of  Edin.,  pub.  several  works  on  Midwifery,  Fe- 
male Complaints,  Ac,  1775-92.     See  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit. 

Hamilton,  Andrew,  Rector  of  Kilskerrie.  Actions 
of -the  Iniskilling  Men,  1688,  ic,  Lon.,  1690,  4to. 

Hamilton,  AndrCAV.     Taxation,  1790,  '93,  4to. 

Hamilton,  Count  Anthony,  d,  at  St.  Germain's, 
1720,  aged  74,  a  native  of  Ireland,  of  an  ancient  Scotch 
family,  followed  both  Charles  II.  and  James  I.  into  exile. 
He  w.is  distinguished  as  a  wit,  a  man  of  fashion,  and  an 
author.  He  wrote — 1.  Memoires  du  Compto  de  Grammont, 
1713, 12mo.  2.  LeBelier;  Conte,  1749, 4to.  3.  Les  Quatres 
Facardins  et  Zeneide;  Contes,  1749,  12mo.  4.  Histoire 
de  Fleur  d'Epine ;  Conte,  1749,  12mo.  There  have  been 
several  edits,  of  the  Memoirs  of  Grammont,  and  of  the 
collected  works  of  the  author. 

■■  The  best  edition  of  Hamilton's  Works  (of  course  including 
these  Memoirs)  is  by  Renouard,  in  1812,  4  vols.  8vo."— AMia's 
Lib.  Camp.,  q.  V. :  and  see  also,  for  an  account  of  edits.,  Lowndes  s 
Bibi.  Man.,  and  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit. 

The  edit,  of  the  Memoirs  of  Grammont,  in  English,  pub. 
in  1811,  2  vols.  8vo,  with  64  portraits,  and  notes  by  Sir 
Walter  Scott,  is  highly  v.alued.  The  I^astern  Tales  of 
Grammont  were  intended  to  ridicule  the  passion  which 
prevailed  at  the  time  for  marvellous  fictions  : 

•■  It  is  possible  that  Count  Anthony  Hamilton  may  have  written 
those  tales  which  have  made  him  famous  before  the  end  of  the 
century,  though  they  were  published  after.  But  these,  with  many 
admirable  strokes  of  wit  and  invention,  have  too  forced  a  tone  in 
both  these  qualities;  the  labour  is  too  evident,  and,  thrown  away 
on  such  trifling,  excites  something  like  contempt ;  they  are  written 
for  an  exclusive  coterie,  not  for  the  world;  and  the  world  in  all 
such  cases  will  sooner  or  later  take  its  revenge.  Yet  Hamilton  s 
Tales  are  incomparably  superior  to  what  followed."— ifcHnm  s  Lit. 
Hist,  of  Europe. 

The  Memoirs  of  Grammont  are  now  much  better  known 

than  the  Tales. 

"The  Memoirs  of  Grammont,  hy  Anthony  Hamilton,  scarcely 
challenge  a  place  as  historical,  but  we  are  now  looking  more  at  the 
style  than  the  intrinsic  importance  of  books.     Every  one  is  aware 
of  the  peculiar  felicity  and  fascinating  gaiety  which  they  display. 
— Hallam:  uhi  supra.  ,_,    „   .  ^  j       a 

'■The  artist  to  which  we  owe  the  most  highly-finished  and 
vividly-coloured  picture  of  the  English  Court  in  the  d.iys  when 
the  English  Court  was  g.ayest."— T.  B.  Macaulat:  Hist,  of  Eng- 
land, vol.  iv.,  1S56, 

"  A  classic  work,  the  delight  of  every  man  and  woman  of  taste. 
—Gibbon. 

Mr.  Gibbon  forgets  to  tell  us  what  kind  of  taste  he  refers 
to  :  his  own  was  not  always  unimpeachable.  Dr.  Dibdin^s 
comment  upon  this  volume  should  not  be  omitted  in  this 
connexion : 

'■  One  hardly  knows  wherefore,  but  the  leaves  of  this  book  are 
turned  over  by  hands  and  perused  by  eyes  which  are  forbidden  to 
be  exercised  on  other  books  of  comparatively  less  mischief  It 
may  indeed  be  called,  in  too  many  instances,  a  privileged  volume 
of  systematic  profligacy." — Lib.  Cump. 

A  new  ed.  of  the  Memoirs  was  puh.  in  1846, 12mo ;  and  a 
new  ed.  of  tho  Fairy  Tales,in  1849,  sq.,  (Bohn's  Lib. ;)  trans, 
from  the  French  by  M.  Lewis,  H.  T.  Ryde,  and  C.  Kenny. 
"  These  tales  appear  to  us  cumbrous  and  entangled,  their  satire 
insipid,  and  their  meaning  rather  unmeaning.  Measured  against 
Voltaire's  philosophical  stories,  or  Dean  Swift's  bitter  caricatures, 
they  are  pigmies  indeed ;  and  their  popularity  with  him  who  loved 
toquotethem  [Horace  Walpolel  is  but  another  proof  of  the  factitious 
value  with  which  genius  can  invest  that  which  is  essentially  me- 
liiocre — at  once  giving  to  trifles  the  importance  and  turning  them 
to  the  use  of  treasures."— X»».  Athenamm,  1849,  p.  9C3:  notice  of 
the  ed.  of  1849. 

Hamilton,  Anthony,  D.D.     Serm.,  1787,  4to. 
Hamilton,  Archibald.    Theolog.  treatises,  Pans, 
1577-81. 

Hamilton,  Lord  Archibald.  Answer  to  articles 
against  him  (Lon.,  1717,  8vo)  as  Gov.  of  Jamaica,  Lon., 
1718,  8vo. 

Hamilton,  Archibald,  M.D.  Med.  Con.  to  Ess. 
Phys.  and  Lit.,  1756. 

Hamilton,  Lord  Archibald,  M.P.  1.  Thoughts  on 
the  Administrations.  Lon.,  1804,  8vo.     2.  Speech,  1819. 

Hamilton,  Hon.  Charles.    Descrip.  of  a  Clepsydra 
or  Water  Clock  ;  Phil.  Trans.,  1746. 
Hamilton,  Charles,   Captain   E.  I.  Co.,  d.  1792. 

1.  The  Patriot;  a  Trag.,  Lon.,  1784,  8vo.  2.  Hist,  of  the 
Rokilla  Afghans,  1787,  8vo.  3.  Trans,  of  the  Hedaya,  or 
Guide;  a  Comment,  on  tho  Mussulman  Laws,  1791, 4  vols. 
4to.     A  valualjle  work. 

Hamilton,  Charles.    Transactions  during  the  Reign 

of  Q.  Anne  from  the  Union  to  her  death,  Edin.,  1790,  Svo. 

Hamilton,  David.     1.  Christianity,  Lon.,  1697,  Svo. 

2.  Kovelation.  ITIU,  8vo. 
Hamilton,  Sir  l>avid.     Military  Fever;  in  Latin, 

Lon..  1710,  8vo;  in  English,  1730,  Svo. 

Hamilton,  Elizabeth,  1758-1816,  asister  of  Captain 
Charles  Hamiltou,  gained  considerable  reputation  as  an 


HAM 

aathoreps.  The  fnUowing  nre  her  principnl  works:  1.  Let- 
ters of  a  Ilin.l.ju  Rajah.  L..n.,  1T'J6,  2  v.. Is.  Svo.  2.  Me- 
moirs of  Moilern  Phih.sophcrs,  Bath.  1800,  3  vols.  Svo. 
3.  Letters  on  Education.  Lon.,  1801-02,  2  vols.  Svo.  4.  Life 
of  Agripiiina.  Bath.  1804.  3  vols.  Svo.  5.  Letters  on  the 
Moral  and  Religious  Principle,  1800,  2  vols.  Svo.  6.  The 
Cottagers  of  Glenburnio,  Eilin.,  1808.  Svo. 

"A  pi-*turo  of  the  rur.tl  li;iVpits  of  Scotland,  of  striking  and  im- 
pressivf  fidelity."— Sir  Waiter  .^cott. 

'•  We  have  not  met  with  anv  thine  nearly  so  good  as  this,  since 
we  read  the  Castle  Itackrent  and  the  Popular  Tales  of  Jliss  Edge- 
worth.  This  contains  as  ailmirable  a  picture  of  the  Scottish  pea- 
santry as  those  do  of  the  Irish;  and  rivals  them  not  only  in  the 
general  truth  of  the  delineations,  and  in  the  cheerfulness  and 
practical  good  sense  of  the  lessons  they  convey,  hut  in  the  nice 
discrimination  of  national  character,  and  the  skill  with  which  a 
dr.amatic  repre.sentation  of  humble  life  is  saved  from  caricature 
and  absurdity."— Lord  Jeffrey:  A't/m.  Ha:,  xii.  401-110. 

This  tale  has  had  a  most  beneficial  influence  upon 
domestic  economy  in  Scotland. 

7.  Rules  of  the  Annuity  Fund,  ISOS,  4to.  8.  Exercises 
in  Religious  Knowledge. "lS09,  12mo.  9.  Popular  Essays, 
1S13.  2  vols.  Svo.  10.  Hints  to  the  Patrons  and  Directors 
of  Schools,  1815, 12mo.  II.  The  4fith  No.  of  The  Lounger, 
17S5.  There  have  been  new  edits,  of  this  lady's  writ- 
ings. 

"  Hizabeth  Hamilton,  like  Madame  D'Arblay,  paints  the  passing 
events,  the  fleeting  manners,  and  changing  condition  of  soci.al  life; 
but  then  her  pictures  are  taken  from  the  shepherd's  hut  and  the 
husbandman's  hovel,  and,  .amid  much  that  is  now  past  and  gone, 
show  not  a  little  of  a  fixed  and  permanent  nature." — Allan  Cun- 
NINGHAM  :  lliori.  awl  Cril.  Ilisl.  ff  the  Lit.  of  the  Last  Fifty  Years. 
The  Memoirs  of  Eliz.abeth  Hamilton,  with  a  Selection 
from  her  Correspondence  and  other  unpublished  writings, 
were  pub.  by  Miss  Benger  in  ISIS,  2  vols.  Svo,  and  a  bio- 
graphical account  of  her  will  be  found  in  Mrs.  Elwood's 
Literary  Ladies  of  England. 

Hamilton,  Miss  Eliza  Mary.  Poems  on  several 
Occasions,  Lon.,  IS38,  12mo. 

"  Such  poetry  as  this  will  always  be  read  as  the  thithful  record 
of  the  moment's  in  which  it  was  conceived.     It  is  tinged  with  the 
very  hue  of  phantasy,  and  tells  of  feeling  that  never  is  felt  but 
by  the  poet,"— Z>i(;i(.'Wi!i'.  Mag.,  xii.  2.37. 
Hamilton,  Emma.     Novels,  1810-13. 
Hamilton,  Franc.     De  Sanctorum  Invocatione  et 
Imaginibus,  Wirceb..  1596,  4to. 
Hamilton,  Francis.     See  Bcch-^nan. 
Hamilton,  Gavin,  an  eminent  painter,  who  died  in 
1797,  at  Rome,  where  be  had  resided  nearly  the  whole  of 
his  life,  was  a  native  of  Lanark.     ,Sehola  Italica  Pictura? : 
the  Italian  School  of  Painting:  with  40  splendid  plates, 
Lon.,  1773.  large  fol. 
"Done  in  an  elegant  and  masterly  style." — TTait's  Bihl  Brit. 
See  Chambers  and  Thomson's  Eiog.  Diet,  of  Eminent 
Scotsmen,  1S55.  vol.  ii. ;  and  see  also  Blackwood's  Mag., 
ii.  313;  xxiii.  673;  xxv.  711. 

Hamilton,  Georse.  A  Voyiige  round  the  World, 
hy  Capt.  Edwards,  in  1780-82,  Lon.,  1793,  Svo;  Berwick, 
1793,  Svo. 

Hamilton,  George.     Epistle  from  the  Marquis  de  la 
Fayette  to  General  Washington,  Edin.,  1800,  12mo. 
Hamilton,  George.     Art  of  Drawing,  1812,  Svo. 
Hamilton,  George,  Rector  of  Killermogh.    1.  Intro- 
duc.  to  the  Study  of  the  Hebrew  Scriptures,  4c.,  1813,  Svo; 
Dubl.,  1S14,  Svo. 

"Contains  much  important  and  original  information  in  a  very 
condensed  and  perspicuous  state." — Onne^s  Bihl.  Bib. 

"Its  general  execution  is  hi;4hly  creditable  to  the  author's 
industry  and  judgment,  and  we  cheerfully  recommend  it  to  that 
class  of  students  for  whose  use  it  was  chiefly  designed." — Lon. 
Eclectic  Benew,  N.  .?.,  i.  503. 

2.  Codex  Critieus  of  the  Hebrew  Bible,  1821,  Svo. 
"Will  partially  supply  the  place  of  Kennicott  and  De  Rossi,  as 

the  most  valuable  of  the  various  readings  in  these  extensive  works 
are  given." — Orme's  Bihl.  Bib. 

'■  A  desideratum  in  Sacred  Literature  which  Mr.  Hamilton's 
work  is  an  able  and  successful  attempt  to  supply." — Harness  Bihl. 
Bib. 

And  see  Lon.  Eclec.  Review,  N.  S.,  xviii.  319. 

3.  On  the  R.  Catholic  English  Bible.  4.  Ditto,  both 
Dubl.,  1S26,  Svo.     See  Home's  Bibl.  Bib. 

Hamilton,  Hans,  D.D.  Two  Sorms.,  Lon.,  1818,  Svo. 

Hamilton,  Hngh,  D.D.,  1729-1805,  an  eminent 
mallieuKitician.  a  native  of  the  county  of  Dublin  ;  Fellow 
of  Trin.  Coll.,  Dublin;  Dean  of  Ardagh,  1768;  Bishop  of 
Clonfnrt,  1796;  trans,  to  Ossory,  1799.  He  pub.  some 
mathemat.  and  theolog.  works,  which  were  collected  and 
pub.  by  his  son  Alexander,  Lon.,  1809,  2  vols.  Svo.  He 
contributed  a  paper  on  Mechanic  Powers  to  Phil.  Trans., 
1763,  and  one  on  Alkaline  Salts,  Ac.  to  Trans.  Irish  Acad., 
1792.     See  Life  prefixed  to  his  works. 

Hamilton,  J.  A.  Inslruclb.ns  for  the  Pianoforte,  Lon. 

"  This,  among  the  many  musical  iutrudactions,  is  one  of  the 


HAM 

most  useful.  .Mtogether.  we  have  rarely  seen  a  treatise  of  tlie  kind 
which  we  can  more  heartily  approve.'' — L&Ji.  Athen.^  Dec.  16,  1848. 

Other  musical  works, 

Hamilton,  Col.  J.  P.  Tr.avels  through  the  Inte- 
rior Provinces  of  Colombia,  Lon.,  1827,  2  vols.  cr.  Svo. 

"  His  style  is  the  familiar,  easy  chit-chat  of  an  old  aciiuaintance; 
the  gossip  nf  a  good-natured  military  man,  who  has  si-en  enough 
of  battle  and  turmoil  to  despise  .all  meaner  hardships."' — Loti. 
Month.  Her. 

Hamilton,  James,  Duke  of,  1606-1649,  a  zealous 
supporter  of  Charles  II.,  was  beheaded  by  order  of  Crom- 
well. He  was  the  author  of  various  Letters,  Conferences, 
Advices,  Answers,  Ac.  pub.  in  Burnet's  Lives  of  the  Dukes 
of  Hamilton.  He  also  wrote  a  Preface  to  a  book  on  The 
Late  Covenant,  1638,  4to.  See  Athen.  Oxon.;  Park's  Wal- 
pole's  R.  and  N.  Authors. 

Hamilton,  James,  Earl  of  Abercorn,  Lord  Paisley. 
1.  Attractive  Virtue  of  Loadstone,  1729,  Svo.  2.  A  Trea- 
tise on  Harmony,  1731,  Svo. 

Hamilton,  James,  M.D.  On  Purgative  Medicines 
in  seveial  Diseases,  Edin.,  1805,  '06,  '09,  '11,  Svo. 

Hamilton,  James,  Jr.,  M.D.,  Prof,  of  Midwifery, 


Edin.,  pub.  Works  on  Midwifery,  Ac,  1795-1809.     Sea 
Watt's  Bibl,  Brit. 

Hamilton,  James,  "author  of  the  Hamiltonian 
system,"  excited  much  attention  in  the  learned  ivorld  by 
his  publicati(Uis  (Lon.,  1S24,  Ac.)  of  interlinear  English 
translations  of  books  in  various  languages.  The  authority 
of  Ascham,  Cardinal  Wolsey,  Erasmus,  Milton,  and  Locke, 
are  adduced  in  support  of  the  excellence  of  the  theory  : 

"We  do  amiss  to  spend  seven  or  eight  years  in  scraping  to- 
gether so  much  miserable  Latin  and  Greek  as  may  be  learned 
otherwise  easily  and  delightfully  in  ono  year."— John  Milton: 
LeIliT  to  Harllib. 

"When,  by  this  way  of  interlining  Latin  and  English  one  with 
another,  he  has  got  a  moderate  kniovledge  of  the  Latin  tongue,  he 
mav  then  t»  advanced  a  little  fui  thei .  Nor  let  the  objeition  that 
he  will  then  know  it  only  by  rote  frighten  any  one.  This,  when 
well  considered,  is  not  of  any  moment  against,  but  plainly  for,  this 
w.ay  of  learning  a  langu.ape.  The  languages  are  only  to  be  learned 
by  rote ;  and  lie  that  spe,aks  them  well  has  no  other  rule  but  that." 
— JouN  Locke:  Essay  cm  a  System  ef  Classical  Instruction. 

The  Hamiltonian  system  is  warmly  defended,  and  wo 
think  very  ably,  by  the  Rev.  Sydney  Smith,  in  the  Edin. 
Rev.,  xliv.  47-69  ;"repub.  in  his  Miscellanies.  Wc  quote 
the  conclusion  of  this  amusing  and  yet  convincing  essay: 
"  In  fine,  we  are  strongly  persuaded  that,  the  time  being  given, 
this  system  will  make  better  scholars ;  and.  the  degree  of  scholar- 
ship being  given,  a  much  shorter  time  will  be  needed.  If  there  is 
any  truth  in  this,  it  will  make  Mr.  Hamilton  one  of  the  most  use- 
ful' men  of  his  age ;  for,  if  there  is  any  thing  which  fills  reflecting 
men  with  melancholy  and  regret,  it  is  the  waste  of  mortal  time, 
parental  money,  and  puerile  happiness,  in  the  present  method  of 
pursuing  Latin  and  Greek." 

See  Levi  Hart's  Advertisement  to  Hart  and  Osborn's 
Virgil,  with  an  Interlinear  Translation,  Baltimore,  March 
10,  1833;  Ainer.  Jour,  of  Education.  Dee.  1S26 ;  West- 
minster Rev.,  X.  284 ;  N.  York  Eclcc.  Mag.,  vi.  229  ;  .also 
Lon.  Quar.  Rev.  For  a  list  of  the  works  pub.  on  this  sys- 
tem see  the  London  Catalogue  of  Books. 

Hamilton,  James,  D.D.,  minister  of  the  English 
Presbyteriiin  Church.  Regent  Square,  London,  1).  in  1814, 
at  Strathblane,  Stirlingshire,  is  an  eloquent  preacher 
and  popular  writer.  1.  The  H;irp  on  the  Willows,  Lon., 
1843,  12mo.  2.  Church  in  the  House,  and  other  Tracts, 
1S46,  ISmo.  3.  Life  in  Earnest :  Letts,  on  Christian  Ac- 
tivity, sixty-fifth  thousand,  1S52,  ISmo.  4.  Mount  of 
Olives,  Ac,  sixty-fifth  thousand,  1853,  ISmo.  5.  The 
Lamp  .and  the  L.antern,  1853,  ISmo.  6.  Lives  of  Bunyan, 
Henry,  and  Hall,  1853.  7.  The  Royal  Preacher:  Lects. 
on  Eccles.  New  ed.,  1854,  lOnio.  8.  The  Happy  Home. 
New  ed.,  1855,  ISmo.  9.  Emblems  from  Eden.  1S55,  ISmo. 
Let  those  who  seek  to  animate  thousands  to  zealous 
efforts  for  the  promotion  of  truth  distribute  on  every  side 
Hamilton's  Life  in  Earnest.  See  the  Life  of  Amos  Law- 
rence, by  his  son.  Best,  1S55,  Svo. 

Hamilton,  James.   Life  of  Paul  Jones,  Phila.,  18mo. 
Hamilton,  James  Archibald,  D.D.     Astronom., 
Ac.  contrib.  t..  Trans.  Irish  Acad..  1786-1807. 

Hamilton,  James  Edward.  Polit.  and  theolog. 
publications.  Lon..  1790-92. 

Hamilton,  John,  Arcbbishopof  St.  Andrew's. hanged 
in  the  town  of  Stirling,  1570,  by  his  political  enemies,  put 
forth  a  Catechisme,  (Sanct  Androus,  1552.  4to.)  which  waa 
the  last  Popish  Confession  of  Faith  pub.  by  authority  in 
Scotland  prior  to  the  Reformation.  This  work  is  now 
very  rare,  and  a  copy  was  sold  at  the  White  Knight's  sale 
(920)  for  £35  14«. 

"  No  divine  at  this  day  need  be  ashamed  of  such  a  work.  It  i? 
a  judicious  Commentary  upon  the  tb»i»u/7j</5,  Belief,  Lord^sJ^ayer 
Magnificat,  txu*X  Ace  Maria;  and  the  author  shows  his  vrisdom  and 


HAM 


HAM 


moderation  in  avoiding  to  enter  upon  the  controverttjd  points." — 
iiisH'ip  Keith:  Hist,  of  the  Church  and  State  of  Scot. 

But  Lord  Hailes  does  not  concur  in  this  opinion:  see 
his  Plist.  Mem.  of  the  Provincial  Councils  of  the  Scots 
Clergy,  35-36.  Pee  also  Keith's  Cat.  of  the  Scottish 
Bishops;  Ctjloe's  Anecdotes  of  Lit.  and  Scarce  Books,  ii. 
308-311. 

Hamilton,  John, ''Student  in  Theologie,"  <tc.  Ane 
Catholilt  and  facile  Traictise  drauin  out  of  ihe  holie  Scrip- 
tures, Paris,  1581,  16rao.  Running  title:  Of  y*^  Lordis 
Supper.  Another  ed.,  with  altered  title,  Lon.,  1  GOO,  16mo. 
See  Watt's  Bibl.  IJiit. ;  Lowndes's  Bibl.  Man.;  Lord 
Hailes's  Sketch  of  the  Life  of  John  Hamilton,  printed 
about  1784. 

Hamilton,  John.  Stereography ;  or,  a  Complete  Body 
of  Por.^pcctivc,  Lon.,  1738,  2  vols.  fol. ;  1749,  2  vols.  fol. 
Hamilton,  John.     Church  of  Scot.,  Edin.,  1840,  '41. 
Hamilton,  John.     See  Belh.we.v,  Lord. 
Hamilton,  John  C'hnrch,  a  son  of  Major-General 
Alexander  Hamilton,  b.  17'.t2,  in  Philadelphia,  served  for 
some  time  in  the  army  of  the  V.  States,  was  aide-de-camp  to 
Major-Gen.  Harrison,  and  resigned  June,  1814.   1.  Memoirs 
of  the  Life  of  Alexander  Hamilton,  N.York,  1834-40.  2 
vols.  8vo.     These  vols,  bring  down  Hamilton's  Life  to  the 
date  of  the  adoption  of  the  Federal  Constitution.     Two 
more  vols,  were  expected,  but  never  made  their  appear- 
ance. 

*'  If  completed  as  it  has  been  begnm,  with  the  same  care,  fidelity, 
and  skill,  this  biography  will  be  what  it  ought  to  be. — a  national 
work." — Francis  L.  Hawks:  jY.  Yorl-  Jiev.,  viii.  121,  q.  v. 

2.  Works  of  Alexander  Hamilton,  1851,  7  vols.  8vo. 
3.  History  of  the  Republic,  &c.:  voL  i.,  1858,  8vo.  See 
Hamilton,  Majur-General  Alexander. 

Hamilton,  Joseph.  Guide  through  all  the  stages 
of  a  Quarrel,  the  R()y;il  Code  of  Honour,  Reflections  upon 
Duelling.  &c.,  Lnn.,  1S2"J,  Svo.  We  should  prefer  the  au- 
thority of  the  Code  laid  down  in  the  Sermon  on  the  Mount. 
See  Sabine,  Lorenzo  ;  Hamilton,  Maj.-Gen.  Alexander. 
Hamilton,  Miss  jM,  The  Forest  of  St.  Bernardo, 
Lon.,  18Ufi,  4  vols.  12m... 

Hamilton,  Ncwbnrgh.  1.  Doating  Lovers ;  a  Com., 
1715,  12mo.  2.  The  Petticoat-Plotter  ;  a  Farce,  Lon.,  1720, 
Svo.  3.  Sampson;  an  Oratorio,  1743,  4to.  See  Biog. 
Dram  at. 

Hamilton,  Patrick,  1503-1527,  called  the  first 
Scotch  Reformer,  is  said  to  have  been  of  royal  descent: 
but  .see  Mackenzie's  Scots  Writers.  He  was  burnt  alive 
as  a  heretic.  He  went  to  Germany,  and  became  Professor 
in  the  Univ.  of  Marburg;  returned  home,  and  was  made 
Abbot  of  Ferme  or  Fernc,  Ross-shire.  Patrick's  Places; 
or  Common  Places,  a  treatise  on  the  Law  and  the  Gospel. 
In  Latin,  trans,  and  pub.  by  John  Frith.  In  Richmond's 
Fathers  of  the  English  Church,  i.  475;  also  in  Fox's  Acts 
and  Monuments.  Highly  commended.  See  Keith's 
Spottiswood's  and  Knox's  Histories;  Cook's  Hist,  of  the 
Reform. 

Hamilton,  Richard  Winter,  D.D.,  LL.B.,  of 
Leeds,  England.  1.  Tbe  Little  Sanctuary,  Lon.,  1838,  Svo. 
2.  Nuga>  Literarire,  1841,  Svo.  3.  Serms.  :  1st  ser.,  1837, 
Svo:  2d  ser.,  1845,  Svo;  1850,  Svo.  4.  Popular  Education, 
2d  ed.,  1846,  sm.  Svo.  5.  Missions,  2d  ed.,  1846,  sm.  Svo. 
6.  Rewards  and  Punishments,  new  ed.,  1S47,  Svo.  7.  Horce 
et  Vindiciai  SabbatiCtX,  184S,  12mo.  See  a  Memoir  of  Dr. 
Hamilton,  by  W.  H.  Stowell,  1850,  Svo. 

"The  s.Tmons  of  this  gifted  minister  are  eloquent,  devout,  and 
evangelical.  .  .  .  His  Essay  on  Missions  is  also  highly  honourable 
to  his  talents  and  piety." — Williams's  C.  P. 

"There  was  a  rich  and  racy  orij^'inality  about  him. — a  bold  in- 
dependence of  thiukiu;;.  and  an  irregular  gorgeousness  of  .style. 
He  was  the  llazHtt  of  the  pulpit." — Gil-Mian's  Literary  Portraits, 
\st  Qallenj. 

See  Eclec.  Rev.,  4th  Ser.,  xi.  91,  271,  455. 
Hamilton,   Robert.      Dissertatio  do  rerarii  publici 
necessitate,  ae  plene  Principium  vecttgalia  imponendi  jure, 
Lugd.  Bat.,  1671.  4to. 

Hamilton,  Robert,  M.D..  1721-1793.  a  native  of 
Edinburgh,  practised  at  Lynn,  in  Nurfolk.  Profess,  publi- 
cations, 1782-180)).  See  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit. ;  Life  of  Dr. 
H.,  prefixed  to  his  Remarks  on  the  Leprosy,  Lon.,  ISOl, 
Svo. 

Hamilton,  Robert,  LL.D.,  1742-1S29,  Rector  of 
the  Academy  of  Perth,    1709;   Prof,  in   Marischal  Coll., 
Aber.leen,    1779-1829,— namclv,   first,  of    Oriental    Lan- 
guages; secondly,  of  Nat.  Philos.,  1782-1S17;  thirdly,  of 
Mathemat.,  1817-29.     1.  Introduc.  to  Merchandise,  Edin., 
1777-79,  2  vols.  Svo.     Several  eds. 
"Of  very  considerable  merit.'' — McCaWich's  Lit.  of  PiUit.  Econ. 
2.    Arithmetic   and   Book-Keeping,    Lon..    1788,  12mo. 
776 


3.  National  Debt  of  G.  Brit.,  Ac,  1813,  Svo;  Edin.,  1814, 
'IS,  Svo.     The  3d  ed.  is  the  best. 

"This  iDiportant  work,  which,  .as  we  have  already  seen,  opened 
the  eyes  of  the  public  to  the  delusive  nature  of  the  sinking  fund." 
— McCulloclCs  Lit.  of  Polit,  Econ.,  q.  v. ;  and  see  Gale,  S.,  iu  this 
Uictionary. 

4.  The  Progress  of  Society,  1830,  Svo. 

"  We  cordially  recommend  the  volume  itself  to  tho.se  who  are, 
as  well  as  to  those  who  are  not,  ac(iu;iinted  with  the  valuable 
science  of  which  it  treats,  a  science  which  is  now  justly  looked 
upon  as  an  essential  branch  of  liberal  education." — Lon.  Month. 
Rev.,  Dec.  1830. 

*' Embraces  a  wide  range  of  interesting  topics;  hut  it  is  feebly 
written,  and  might  without  injury  to  bis  feme  or  Xn  the  public 
interests  have  been  allowed  to  continue  in  manuscript." — McCal- 
loch'a  Lit.  of  Polit.  B-on. 

Hamilton,  Robert.  Decisions  of  the  Ct,  of  Ses- 
sion, Nov.  1769-Jan.  1772.  Edin.,  1803,  fol. 

Hamilton,  Schuyler.  Hist,  of  the  National  Flag 
of  the  U.  States,  Phila..  1853,  cr.  Svo. 

Hamilton,  Smith,  Engravings  of  the  Ancient 
Costume  of  Eng..  9th  to  lOth  cent.,  1812. 

Hamilton,  Terrick,  Trans,  from  the  Arabic  of 
Antar,  a  Bedoueen  Romance,  Lon.,  1819-20,4  vols.  cr.  Svo. 

"  A  faithful  and  elaborate  version." — Lon.  Month.  Rev.,  xciv. 
277-*292.  q.  V. 

"  The  curious  romance  of  Antar.  the  most  vivid  and  authentic 
picture  of  Arabian  manners,  was  written  under  the  early  Abas- 
side  Caliphs."— MiLMAN. 

It  is  from  this  tale  that  story-tellers  in  the  coffee-houses 
of  Constantinople  take  their  amusing  fictions, 

Hamilton,  Thomas,  Earl  of  Melros.  State  Papers 
and  Miscellaneous  Correspondence,  1837,  2  vols.  4to.  Pub. 
by  the  Abbotsford  Club. 

Hamilton,  Thomas.     Con.  to  Med.  Com.,  1787. 

Hamilton,  Thomas,  Captain  2yth  Regt.,  R.  A.,  d. 
1S42,  aged  53,  after  serving  through  the  Peninsular  and 
American  campaigns,  devoted  his  time  to  literary  pursuits, 
and  contributed  largely  to  Blackwood's  Magazine.  1.  An- 
nals of  the  Peninsular  Campaign,  new  ed,  by  Fred.  Hard- 
man,  Lon.,  1849,  Svo, 

"A  work  of  preat  and  peculiar  merit,  and  cannot  fail  to  be 
popular,  even  after  the  many  other  histories,  completed  or  in  pro- 
gress, of  the  Peninsular  War." — Blackwood's  Mag.,  xsvii.  5U8-538. 

"Of  the  c-hief  writers  (on  this  subject)  Captain  Hamilton's  w^ork 
comes  neitrest  to  historical  calmness  and  impartiality.  .  .  .  The 
value  of  Captain  Hamilton's  work  is  very  greatly  increased,  in 
the  present  edition,  bv  the  latwurs  of  .Mr.  Uardman." — Scotsman. 

2.  The  Youth  and  Manhood  of  Cyril  Thornton,  1827. 
An  admirable  work. 

"  Thouj^h  of  no  great  value  as  a  novel,  it  exhibits  a  good  deal 
of  literary  ability.*' — A.  H.  Everett:  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  xxxviii.  211; 
and  see  South.  Rev.,  viii.  4.3. 

'•  There  is  no  novel-writer  in  our  day,  after  the  great  Father  of 
Romance,  who  has  succeeded  in  transferring  to  his  paijes  equally 
vivid  pictures  of  the  most  animating  events  of  life;  the  enthu- 
siasm of  youthful  passion,  tbe  decision  of  military  exploit,  the 
ardour  of  devoted  nSection."—B/ar/,-i(iood's  Mag.,  xxxiv.  2S8. 

3.  Men  and  Manners  in  America,  1833,  2  vols.  cr.  Svoj 
Bost.,  1S34,  2  vols.  12mo.  New  ed..  with  Letters  written 
by  the  author  during  his  Journey  through  the  U.  States, 
Lon.,  1843,  sm.  Svo. 

"We  cannot  but  congratulate  our  countryman  on  the  appear- 
ance of  his  valuable  work  at  the  present  crisis,  when  all  the  ancient 
institutions  of  our  country  are  successively  melting  away  under 
the  powerful  solvent  of  democratic  fervour.  .  .  .  He  neither  views 
America  with  the  jaundiced  eye  of  a  bigoted  Tory,  uor  the  frantic 
partiality  of  an  enthusiastic  Democrat.  He  appreciates  things  as 
they  really  are — nothing  extenuating,  setting  down  nought  in 
malice."— /J/acA:  wood's  Mag.  :  Anurica.  jVo.  1,  xxsiv.  285-308.  See 
also  America,  No.  2,  54S-568;  and  vol.  xxxv.  342. 

'•The  more  Captain  Hamilton's  book  is  studied,  the  stronger 
will  be  the  reader's  conviction  of  its  merits  as  a  clear  and  impar- 
tial description  of  the  American  people." — Dubl.  I'niv.  Mag.,  ii. 
444-455;  558-569. 

"  Though  many  excellent  volumes  have  since  been  published, 
not  one  has  superseded  it  as  a  standard  and  safe  authority.  Other 
trav.-lt.rs  linvr  i-nnlirnied  Us  accui-acy,  without  adding  much  to 
its  in  formal  inn, "—/>'-i/('«nm. 

'•  It  is  undoubtHdly  as  we  have  said,  in  point  of  literary  execu- 
tion, one  of  the  best  that  have  yet  appeared  upon  (he  United 
States.  The  style  is  not  deficient  in  strength  or  spirit,  and  evinces 
at  times  a  remarkable  power  of  description,  as  in  the  passages  on 
the  Fallsof  Niagara  and  the  river  Mississippi.  On  the  other  hand, 
it  is  far  from  bi-ing  uniformly  so  pure  and  correct  as  might  be 
wished,— is  often  unpardonably  coarse,  and  is  pervaded  through- 
out by  an  affected  pertness  and  a  silly  air  of  pretension,  whi.  h 
are  offensive  from  the  beginning,  and  finally  become  by  repetitinn 
completely  nauseous.  .  .  .  That  a  spirit  of  unjust  depreciation  is 
the  one  that  predominates  in  his  work,  is — as  we  shall  have  occa- 
sion abundantly  to  show — very  certain."— A.  H.  Everett:  JV. 
Amer.  /i?^'..  xxxviii.  210-270. 

See  also  Chris.  E.\am.,  (by  Samuel  Eliot)  xv.  219:  Araer. 
Quar.  Kev..  xiv.  520  ;  Selee.  Jour,  of  For.  Lit.,  iii.  SI  ;  Mu- 
seum of  For.  Lit.,  xxiii.  468,  563,  564j  xxiv.  81 ;  Eraser's 
Mag.,  ix.  42. 

Hamilton,  W.  J.  Researches  in  Asia  Minor,  Pontus, 
and  Armenia,  &c.,  Lon.,  1842,  2  vols.  Svo. 


HAM 


HAM 


"Mr.  IlATTiiUon's  archa?('lo'iical  rcsenrrlH":.  :in  1  Iii^'  narrative  in 
general,  have  our  warnit-st  commendatiuiie."' — Lmi.  AthvntLam. 

After  reading  Mr.  Hamilton's  Researches,  the  reader  must 
take  up  the  wurks  of  Sm  Charlks  Fkllows,  {ante.) 

Hamilton,  W.  T.,  D.D.  The  Pentateuch  and  its 
Assailants;  or,  a  Refutation  of  the  Objections  of  Modern 
Sceptieism  to  the  Pentateuch,  Lon.,  1852,  8vo. 

*•  We  aie  not  aware  of  any  objections  whioh  have  been  raised 
asainst  the  I'lMitateuch  as  a  whole,  or  any  part  of  it,  whi(^h  are  not 
here  very  satisfactoiily  met  and  refuteil." — Lon.  Kvangd.  Mar/. 

Hamilton,  Walter.  1.  The  East  India  Gazetteer, 
Lon..  1814.  Svo  ;  1828,  2  vols.  8vo ;  1855,  2  volg.  8vo. 

'•  The  writer  has  amassed  and  dij^L-stod.  with  siiij^ular  industry, 
A  vast  treasure  of  information,  dispersed  thruugh  an  infinite  va- 
riety of  worksy—Edin.  Rev.,  sxv.  22U-220. 

2.  A  Geograph.,  Statist.,  and  Hist.  Description  of  Hin- 
dostan  and  the  adjacent  Countries,  1820,  2  vols.  4to. 

"An  ineslimal'le  work,  containing  a  more  full,  detailed,  and 
faithful  picture  of  India,  than  any  former  work  on  the  subject." 
— Lon.  Quar.  Rev. 

"Who  that  has  relatives  in  India  (' Alas.  I  feel  X  am  no  actor 
here!')  can  rest  satisfied  without  the  possession,  not  only  of  his 
Gazetteer,  but  of  his  Geographical  Description  of  Ilindostan?" — 
Dibdin's  Lib.  Comp. 

"  Mr.  Hamilton's  works,  especially  the  last,  [on  IMndostan.]  are 
compiled  with  great  rnve  and  judgment,  and  are,  indeed,  of  the 
highest  authority/'— JA-'^'"'^ic/i"s  Lit.  of  Pol  it.  E'-nn. 

Hamilton,  William.     Reply  to  L>r.  Pearson  rel.  to 

the  Ch.  of  En,i,dand.  L-.ti..  IGfiO,  fol. 

Hamilton,  William.  Oonntry  and  Uiver  of  the 
Ama/.'Mics  ;   Iroiu  ihc  I'^rcuch,  L<ni.,  KHil,  Svo. 

Hamilton,  William.     Serins.  Ac,  1700-25. 

Hamilton,  William.  The  Hist,  of  Sir  Wm.  Wal- 
lace, Giasi;..  1722,  8vo;  Falkirk,  1785,  12mo;  Ayr,  1793, 
12nio.     Often  reprinted. 

Hamilton,  William.     Perm..  E<lin.,  1732.  Svo. 

Hamilton,  William,  1704-1754,  an  early  Scotch 
poet,  was  a  native  of  Ayrshire,  and  a  man  of  fortune  and 
family.  In  1748,  Glasgow,  8vo,  an  cd.  of  his  poems  was 
pub.  without  his  consent,  and  subsequently  reprinted.  The 
first  genuine  cd.  was  pub.  by  his  friends  in  176U,  Edin., 
sm.  Svo.  The  best-known  composition  of  his  is  The 
Braes  of  Yarrow.  This  poem  elicited  Wordsworth's  three 
pieces — Yarrow  Unvisit«d,  Yarrow  Visited,  and  Yarrow 
Revisited. 

"  Hamilton's  mind  is  pictured  in  his  Terses.  They  are  the  easy 
and  careless  effusions  of  an  elegant  fancy  and  a  chastened  taste; 
and  the  sentiments  they  convey  are  the  genuine  feelings  of  a 
tender  and  susceptible  heart,  which  peipetually  owned  the  do- 
minion of  some  favourite  mistress,  but  whose  passion  generally 
evaporated  in  song,  and  made  no  serious  or  permauent  impression." 

— LOED    WOODIiOUSEI-EE. 

"  The  poems  of  Uauulton  display  regular  design,  just  sentiments, 
fanciful  invention,  jileasing  sensibility,  elegant  diction,  and  smooth 
versification.  His  genins  was  aided  by  taste,  and  his  taste  was 
improved  by  knowledge." — Prof.  Kichardson,  of  (llasgmv. 

"Johnson,  upon  repeated  occasions,  while  I  was  at  Ashbourne, 
talked  slightingly  of  llamilton.  He  said  there  was  no  power  of 
thinking  in  his  verses;  nothing  that  strikes  one:  nothing  better 
than  what  is  generally  found  in  magazines;  and  that  the  highest 
praise  they  deserved  was.  that  they  were  very  well  for  a  gentle- 
man to  hand  about  among  his  friends." — Boswei.l:  Life  of  Johnson. 
See  Anrlerson's  Brit.  Poets :  Lord  Woodhouselee's  Life 
of  Lord  Kanics;  The  Lounger;  Transac.  of  Scot.  Antiq., 
Ill;  Chambers  and  Thomson's  Biog.  Diet,  of  Eminent 
Scotsmen. 

Hamilton,  W^illiam,  Rector  of  Fanct,  Donegal,  and 
a  magistrate,  was  murdered  by  the  rebels  in  1797.  1.  Let- 
ters cone,  the  Northern  Coast  of  Antrim,  Lon.,  1786,  Svo. 
"  This  is  a  valuable  work  respecting  the  mineralogy  and  geology 
fof  Ireland],  and  especially  the  Giant's  Causeway." — Stevenson's 
Voyages  and  Trurds. 

2.  Letters  on  the  Principles  of  the  French  Democracy, 
Dubl.,  1792,  Svo.  8.  Con.  on  nat.  philus.  to  Trans.  Irish 
Acad..  1788.     4.  To  Nich.  Jour.,  17ti8. 

Hamilton,  Rt.  Hon.  Sir  William,  K.B.,  1730- 
180;^.  a  native  of  Scotland,  an  eminent  jintii|uary  and  con- 
noisseur, was  ambassador  at  the  court  of  Naples  from  1764 
to  1800.  In  1782  he  lost  his  first  wife,  and  in  1791  mar- 
ried Emma  llarte,  the  notorious  female  so  disreputably 
connected  with  Lord  Nelson.  Sir  William's  collection  of 
Grecian  and  Etruscan  vases  (now  in  the  British  Museum) 
has  been  described  in  several  magnificent  volumes,  which 
still  command  a  high  price. 

1.  Antiquitez  Etrusijuez,  Grceques  &  Romaines.  tirees 
du  Cabinet  do  M.  Hamilton,  (par  le  Sr.  D'llancarville,)  en 
Anglais  et  en  Fran^ais,  Naples,  1760-67,  4  vols.  r.  fol,, 
with  upwards  of  500  large  plates,  many  of  which  are 
coloured.  The  two  first  vols,  of  this  work  were  pub.  by 
J.  A.  David,  in  Paris,  1785-88,  5  vols.  Svo ;  large  paper  in 
4to;  Florence,  ISlH-OS,  4  vols,  atlas  fol.  2.  Collection  of 
Vases,  mostly  of  pure  Greek  workmanship,  &c.,  Naples, 
1791-95,  3    vols.   imp.  fol.,   with    240    plates;    Florence, 


1800-03,  4  vols,  atlas  fol. ;  Paris,  1803-10,  4  vols,  atlas  fol. 
3.  Outlines,  Ac.  from  the  Figures  and  Compositions  upon 
the  Greek,  Roman,  and  Etruscan  Vases  of  the  late  Sir 
"William  Hamilton,  Lon.,  1804.  4to.  4.  Observ.  upon  Mount 
Vesuvius,  Etna,  &e..,  Lon.,  1772,  '74,  Svo.  See  Raspe, 
Rudolph  Ehic,  in  Lowndes's  Bibl.  Man.,  1541.  5.  Campi 
Phlegraji.  Naples,  1766-07,  2  vuls.  atlas  fol.  Supp.,  1779, 
fol.  6.  Lettcra  sul  Monte  Volture,  1780,  Svo.  7.  Cod.  to 
Phil.  Trans.,  1767-96.     8.  To  Architol..  1777. 

For  biographical  incidents  connected  with  Sir  William 
Hamilton,  and  descriptions  of  his  works,  Ac,  see  Wood's 
Peerage;  Baldwin's  Lit.  Jour.,  1804;  Biograplne  Contem- 
poraine ;  Antiquitez  Etrusquez,  Ac,  par  D'Hancarville ; 
Chalmers's  Biog.  Diet.;  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit.:  Lowndes's 
Bibl.  Man.;  Chambers  and  Thomson's  Biog.  Bict.  of  Emi- 
nent Scotsmen ;  Blackwood's  Mag.,  xxv.  178,  707. 

Hamilton,  William,  M.D.  Dyeing,  Lon.,  1791,  2 
vols.  Svo. 

Hamilton,  William,  M.D.,  d.  1808,  aged  30.  Digi- 
talis Purpurea,  L'.n.,  1S()7,  8vo. 

Hamilton,  William.  Enchiridion  Medicum,  Lon., 
1810,  12mo. 

Hamilton,  William.  Remarks  on  several  Parts  of 
Turkey.  Part  1,  .^Egyptiaca,  Lon.,  ISIO,  r.  4to,  with  fol. 
plates. 

"  A  solid,  instructive,  and  most  accurate  performance." — Dib- 
diii^s  Lib.  (hmp. 

Hamilton,  Sir  William,  Bart.,  of  Preston,  of  the 
ancient  Scottish  family  of  this  name,  one  of  the  most  dis- 
tinguished of  modern  metaphysicians,  was  born  at  (ilasgow 
in  1788,  and  educated  at  Balliol  College,  O.xford.  where 
he  olitained  first-class  honours.  In  IS13  he  was  called  to 
the  Scotti.-h  Bar,  but  never  engaged  in  extensive  practice. 
In  1820  he  was  an  unsuccessful  competitor  with  John  Wil- 
son for  the  chair  of  Mcrnl  Philosophy  in  the  University  of 
Edinburgh;  but  in  1821  ho  was  appointed  Professor  of 
Universal  History  in  that  institution,  and  in  IS.'iO  was 
called  to  the  chair  of  Logic  and  Metaphysics,  which  he 
still  retains,  (1856.)  Ho  is  also  Her  Majesty's  Solicitor 
fur  Tcinds,  in  Scotland,  a  Corresponding  Member  of  the 
Institute  of  France,  and  an  Associate  of  many  learned 
bodies.  See  Men  of  the  Time,  Lon.,  1856.  A  brief  history 
of  Sir  William's  contributions  to  Mental  Philosophy  will 
be  found  in  Rich's  Cyclopaedia,  Lon.  and  Glasg.,  1854. 
In  1S52  (Lon.  and  Edin.,  Svo,  pp.  758)  there  appeared 
Discussions  on  Phih>sophy  and  Literature,  Education  and 
University  Reform,  chiefly  from  the  Edinburgh  Review ; 
Corrected,  Vindicated,  Enlarged  in  Notes  and  Appendices, 
2d  ed.,  1853,  Svo.  Repub.,  N.  York,  1855,  Svo,  with  an 
Introductory  Essay  on  tho  history  of  philosophical  specu- 
lation, by  Robert  Turnbull,  D.D. 

His  principal  essays  have  been  trans,  into  French  by 
AV.  Peisse,  and  into  Italian  by  S.  Lo  Gatto,  Sir  William 
pub.  in  1840,  Lon.  and  Edin.,  8vn,  pp.  914,  the  works  of 
Thos.  Reid,  D.D.,  now  fully  collected,  with  Selections 
from  his  Unpublished  Letters,  Prefaces,  Notes,  and  Sup- 
plementary Dissertations,  3d  ed.,  1852.  He  is  now  en- 
gaged in  the  preparation  of  the  works  of  Dugald  Stewart; 
Vol.  VIIL  was  pub.  in  April,  and  Vol.  IX.  in  May,  1856. 
(Sir  William  did  not  live  to  complete  Iiis  editorial  labours  : 
see  conclusion  of  this  article,  and  see  also  Lou.  Athenreum, 
May  10,  1866,  and  Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  June,  1850.)  A  vol. 
entitled  The  Philosophy  of  Sir  William  Hamilton,  arranged 
and  edited  by  0.  W.  Wight,  was  pub.  in  N.  York  in  1853, 
Svo;  3d  ed.,  1855.  This  vol.  is  compiled  from  the  Supp. 
Disserts,  on  Reid,  some  of  the  foot-notes  to  Reid,  and  a 
portion  of  the  Philos.  Discussions.  Dr.  James  Walker, 
President  of  Harvard  College,  has  pub.  Raid's  Essays  on 
the  Intellectual  Powers;  abridged,  with  Notes  and  Illus- 
trations from  Sir  Wm.  Ilamiltim  and  others,  Bost.,  12mo. 
It  is  a  matter  of  regret  that  the  limited  space  to  which  we 
are  necessarily  confined  precludes  us  from  quoting  largely 
from  the  enthusiastic  commendations  before  us  of  the  dis- 
tinguished abilities  and  profound  erudition  of  this  eminent 
philosopher.  In  an  interesting  paper  by  De  Quincey, 
giving  an  account  of  his  recollections  of  Sir  William's 
early  reputation  for  general  knowledge,  he  remarks : 

"The  immensity  of  8ir  William's  attainments  was  best  laid 
open  I'V  rniisuUing  him  (or  by  hearinf;  hira  consulted)  upon  in- 
tellertu:il  dilti.  iilties,  or  upon  schemes  literary  and  philosophical 
Suoh  aii]pli<;itii'iis,  come  from  what  points  of  the  conijiass  they 
would,  liiund  him  always  prepared.  Nor  did  it  seem  to  make  any 
difference  whether  it  were  the  erudition  of  words  or  things  that 
was  needed." — Essays  on  Philo&i>phical  and  other  Men  of  Letters,  i. 
35.  Host.,  1S54. 

"  We  regard  Sir  Wm.  ITaniilton  as  the  prof^tunilest  analyst  who 
has  appeared  simi'  Aristntlc;  ;iim1  bis  eroditinn,  both  in  its  extent 
and  in  itsexartmss,  i-  jiei  tV-rlly  provokhit^. "— i ),  \V.  WiouT:  Tram, 
of  Cousin's  Hist,  of  Mod.  Fhilos.,  ii.  3^6,  N.  York,  Iboi. 

777 


HAM 

"  Sir  Wm.,  though  metaphysically  the  most  formidable  man  in 
Europe,  is  an  huml.k-  Christian ;  though  the  most  learned  of  men, 
he  is  ready  to  how  before  the  spiiit  that  informed  the  mind  of 
Paul."— O.  W.  WliiiiT:  IntrodiK.  to  his  edit,  of  the  Philosoiihi/  of 
Sir  Waiiam  Hamilton,  p.  13,  1856.  J    ->    ^ 

"It  would  be  difficult  to  name  any  contributions  to  a  review 
which  display  such  a  despotic  command  of  all  the  resources  of 
logic  and  metaphysics  as  his  articles  in  the  Kdiaburgh  Review  on 
Cousin,  Dr.  Brown,  and  Bishop  Whattlv.  Apart  fn.m  thcii'  scieu- 
tiflc  value,  they  should  be  read  as  specimens  of  intellectual  power. 
They  evince  more  intense  strength  of  understanding  than  any 
other  writings  of  the  age;  and  in  the  blended  merits  of  their  logic, 
rhetoric,  and  learning,  they  may  challenge  comparison  with  the 
best  works  of  any  British  metaphysician.  He  seems  to  have  read 
every  writer,  ancient  and  mnderu,  on  logic  and  metaphysics,  and 
is  conversant  with  every  philosophical  theory,  from  the  lowest 
form  of  materialism  to  the  most  abstract  development  of  idealism  ; 
and  yet  his  learning  is  not  so  remarkable  as  the  thorough  manner 
in  which  he  has  digested  it  and  the  perfect  command  he  has  of  all 
its  stores.  Every  thing  that  he  comprehends,  no  matter  how  ab- 
struse, he  comprehends  with  the  utmost  clearness  and  employs 
with  consummate  skill.  He  is  altogether  the  best-trained  reasoner 
on  abstract  subjects  of  his  time." — E.  P.  Whipple:  J<:ssays  and  Jfc- 
views.  ii.  117-122.  Jlost.,  ISol ;  and  in  iV.  Amer.  liev.,  Ixi.  485-4S9. 

"  Sir  William  Hamilton  has  attained  to  the  very  highest  dis- 
tinction as  a  philosopher,  and  in  some  respects  lie  is  decidedly 
superior  to  any  of  his  illustrious  predecessors, — Keid,  Stuart,  or 
Brown.  With  a  remarkable  power  of  analysis  and  discrimination 
he  combines  great  d.-iision  and  elegance  of  style.  ,ind  a  degree  of 
erudition  that  is  aljiiust  without  a  fiToWeV'—Eilinhurgh  Heview, 

"  \\  e  know  not  any  ■->tbcr  writer  who  has  proved  in  how  great  a 
degree  books  may  stimulate  the  intellect  into  independent  action, 
nor  any  recent  philosopher  who  has  interpreted  the  theories  of  the 
past  and  the  present  less  biassed  by  an  exaggerated  opinion  of  the 
e.xclusive  importance  of  history,  or  by  preconceptions  of  the  his- 
toric course  of  speculation  in  its  manifold  phases  in  each  succes- 
sive age."— iV".  Brit.  Eec,  xviii.  101-213. 

'•The  slightest  perusal  of  Sir  William's  philosophical  writings 
will  be  sufficient  to  convince  the  reader  that  he  is  in  intercourse 
with  a  mind  of  the  most  extraordinary  comprehension  and  acute- 
ness.  He  combines  in  a  degree  unequalled  since  the  time  of  Aris- 
totle (of  whom,  indeed,  he  is  a  devout,  though  not  a  blind  and 
undiscriminating,  worshipper)  the  power  of  analysis  and  generali- 
zation. .  .  .  The  degrees  in  which  these  two  counter-powers  of 
analysis  and  generalization  exist  in  any  mind,  together  with  their 
relative  propoi-tion,  determines  a  man's  philosophical  character  " — 
Brit.  Qiiar.  Rev.,  xvi.  4"9-oll. 

The  remarkablo  erudition  which  has  rendered  the  name 
of  Sir  William  Hamilton  so  famous  is  brought  into  good 
service  when  engaged  in  the  illustration  and  vindication 
of  his  philosophical  tenets: 

"In  the  first  of  the  citations  with  which  some  of  his  essays  are 
overgrown,  it  would  be  difficult  to  point  out  one  which  is  either 
inappropriate  or  superfluous,  except  that,  the  point  being  already 
established.it  might  be  regarded  as  a  needless  accumulation  of 
evidence." — N.  Ama-.  JUn:,  Ixxvi.  55-103. 

An  authority  entitled  to  be  heard  with  respect  does 
not  hesitate  to  give  the  following  verdict  respecting  Sir 
William's  Dissertations,  contained  in  bis  edit,  of  Reid's 
writings : 

"  On  the  whole,  we  cannot  but  regard  these  dissertations  as  the 
most  valuable  contribution  to  the  progress  of  a  true  philo.sophy, 
in  our  country,  within  the  present  century."— jtfM-cZCs  Hist,  of 
Mod.  r/iilos. 

See  also  Wm.  Archer  Butler's  Lects.  on  the  Hist,  of  An- 
cient Philos.,  editor's  notes,  ii.  79,  97  :  18,56 ;  Hallam's  Lit. 
Hist,  of  Europe,  ii.  .398,  478,  4th  cd.,  1854;  N.  Brit.  Rev., 
X.  78  ;  Princeton  Rev.,  (article  by  Samuel  Tyler,  of  Frede- 
rick, Md.,)  Oct.  1855. 

The  author  of  the  article  in  the  British  Quarterly  Review 
from  which  we  have  given  some  quotations,  refers  to  the 
great  respect  entertained  on  the  Continent  of  Europe  for 
the  philosophical  character  of  the  subject  of  this  notice, 
and  cites  in  evidence  the  following  passages : 

"II  n'est  pas  peut-etre  en  Europe  un  homme  qui  poss^de  une 
connaissance  aussi  complete  et  anssi  minutieuse,  une  intelligence 
aussi  profonde  des  livres,  des  systimes  et  des  philosophes  d'Alle- 

magne L'erudition  de  M.  Hamilton  n'est  pas  cette  erudition 

morte  qui  s'occupe  plus  des  livres  que  des  idSes,  et  qui  etouffe 
I'esprit  pbilosophe  an  lieude  lenourrir ;  c'est  une  erudition  active, 
qui  lai.^se  k  la  peos^e  tonte  son  independance;  elle  n'est  pas  k 
elle-nieme  sa  propre  fin,  mais  seulement  un  instrument  pour  la 
recheruhe  de  la  verite.  Quoique  infiniment  vari6e,  car  elle  em- 
brassB  presque  tout  le  champ  des  sciences  morales  et  rationelles  et 
de  la  littC'rature  gCnerale,  elle  est  en  meme  temps  complete  et  pro- 
fonde, principalenient  en  philosophie  aucienne  et  moderne  et  en 
mati^re  d'iustructinn  pol.litiue.  Pen  d'hommes  en  Europe  sont 
aus.si  lamiliers.HVir  la  pbilusuphie,  eten  particulieravec  Aristotle." 
— M.  I'eisse:  Pref.  Ijj  Fiaymcns  de  Philosophie  par  Sir  Wm.  Uamil- 
ton;  pp.  Ixsxi.,  Ixxxiii. 

"  Le  plus  grand  critique  de  notre  siicle."— M.  ConsiN :  Fragmens 
Philosoptiiques. 

"  Le  grand  maitre  du  Peripatetisme." — M.  Brandis. 

When  engaged  in  the  preparation  of  the  above  article, 
but  a  few  d.ays  since,  we  little  thought  that  the  illustrious 
philosopher  to  whom  it  is  devoted  would  havo  ceased  from 
his  labours  ere  our  tribute  saw  the  light.  It  is,  however, 
"so  written  :"  Sir  William  Hamilton  died  of  congestion  of 
the  hrain,  after  ten  days'  illness,  on  the  lith  day  of  Way, 
1856,  at  his  residence.  Great  King  Street,  Edinburgh.     We 


HAM 

I  are  glad  to  learn  that  his  lectures  on  logic  and  metaphysics 
are  in  a  state  of  preparation  for  the  press.  They  are  an- 
nounced for  1859,  Edin.  and  Boston,  to  be  edited  by  Prof. 
Mansel  and  Mr.  Veitcb.  The  death  of  this  eminent  scholar 
ai^d  profound  philosopher  painfully  reminds  us  of  the  large 
number  of  those  recorded  in  its  pages  who  have  exchanged 
time  for  eternity  since  we  commenced  this  voluminous  re- 
cord of  those  who  have  sought  to  instruct  or  amuse  their 
fellow-])ilgrims  in  a  world  of  trial  and  of  temptation,  of 
folly  and  of  wisdom,  of  sorrow  .and  of  joy. 

As  summer  and  winter,  seed-time  and  harvest,  have  still 
found  us,  year  after  year,  engaged  upon  the  present  work, 
we  have  at  times  thought  it  not  improbable  that  we  also 
might  be  added  to  the  long  list,  already  chronicled,  of  those 
who  left  unfinished  monuments  of  good  intentions;  whose 
devices  were  arrested  by  the  "  inexorable  hour,"  and  whose, 
"purposes" — to  use  the  affecting  language  of  the  patriarch. 
— "were  broken  off"  in  the  midst. 

Hamilton,  William.  Report  of  the  Trial  of  Judges 
Shijipen,  Yeatcs.  and  Smith,  in  1805,  Lancaster,  8vo. 

Hamilton,  William,  D.D.  1.  Second  Advent  of 
Christ,  Lon..  1S2S,  12mo.  Commended  by  Lowndes.  2. 
The  Mourner  in  Zion  Comforted,  12mo. 

"  Many  cases  of  a  distressed  conscience  .ably  met." — Bickerstetu. 

Other  works. 

Hamilton,  William  Gerard,  M.P.,  1729-1796, 
a  native  of  London,  who  held  several  important  poli- 
tical posts,  made  in  the  House  of  Commons.  Nov.  13,  1755. 
that  splendid  display  of  elo(|Ucnee  which  has  given  him 
the  name  of  Single-Speech  H.imilton.  But.  indeed, 
he  made  a  second  great  speech  in  the  mouth  of  Febru- 
ary. Hamilton  was  one  of  the  many  to  whom  without 
a  shadow  of  probability  the  Letters  of  Junius  were  attri- 
buted. He  was  educated  at  Oxford,  and  when  young  wrote 
some  poetry,  which  he  printed — but  never  published— in  a 
quarto  volume,  1757,  4to.  These  were  subsequently  pub. 
by  Mr.  Malone.  After  his  death  there  appeared,  pub.  from 
his  MSS.,  Parliamentary  Logick :  to  which  are  subjoined 
Two  Speeches  delivered  in  the  H.  of  C.  of  Ireland,  and 
other  Pieces,  Ac,  Lon.,  1S08,  Svo.  This  collection  con- 
tains an  Essay  on  the  Corn  liaws,  by  Ur.  Saml.  Johnson, 
never  before  printed.  A  review  of  this  vol.  bv  Lord  Jeffrey 
will  be  found  in  the  Edin.  Rev.,  xv.  1 63-175.  "  The  reviewer 
considers  it  rather  remarkable  that  a  "  short  practical  trea- 
tise in  parliamentary  oratory,  by  a  man  who  was  long  popu- 
larly supposed  to  have  rivalled  the  eloquence  of  Chatham, 
and  to  have  guided  the  pen  of  Junius,"  should  have  made 
such  a  ••  feeble  impression  on  the  public."  Our  surprise, 
however,  will  be  somewhat  diminished  when  we  observe 
the  character  which  he  gives  of  this  production  : 

"In  addition  to  the  other  causes  of  repulsion  to  which  we  have 
alluded,  the  style  of  the  work,  we  ought  to  observe,  is  extremely 
atlected  and  peculiar.  Sometimes  the  author  mimics  the  pregnant 
brevity  of  Bacon,  but  without  his  force  or  felicity.  At  other  times 
he  emulates  the  obscurity  and  harsh  technical  brevity  of  Aristotle, 
but  without  his  science  or  accuracy.  (Jn  one  occasion,  he  affects 
to  give  general  and  sweeping  maxims:  at  another,  he  enters  into 
the  most  minute  details  and  suggestions.  Now  and  then  he  is 
cunniug  and  sagacious;  and  very  frequently  quite  frivolous  or 
stupid." 

Dr.  Francis  Liebcr,  referring  to  this  work  in  his  treatise 
on  Civil  Liberty  and  Sclf-Governmcnt,  remarks, 

"  The  copy  which  I  own  belonged  to  Dr.  Thomas  Cooper.  That 
distinguished  man  has  written  the  following  remark  on  the  fly- 
leaf: '  This  book  contains  the  theory  of  deception  in  paiHamcntarv 
debate;  how  to  get  the  better  of  yo'ur  opponent,  and  how  to  make 
the  worse  appear  the  better  reason.  It  is  the  well-written  worlc 
of  a  hackney  and  politician.  .  .  .  The  counterpart  to  it  is  the  ad- 
mirable tract  of  Mr.  Jeremy  Bentham  on  Parliamentary  Logic,  (he 
book  of  Fallacies.  No  politician  ought  to  be  ignorant' of  the  one 
book  or  the  other.  They  are  well  worth  (not  perusing,  but)  study- 
ing.'—T.  C.-— Vol.  ii.,  p.  208. 

Dr.  Johnson  had  a  great  esteem  for  Hamilton,  and,  says 
Boswell,  paid  his  conversation  this  high  compliment: 

"I  am  very  unwilling  to  be  left  alone,  sir,  and  therefore  I  go 
with  my  company  down  the  first  pair  of  stairs,  in  some  hopes  that 
they  may,  perhaps,  return  again;  I  go  with  you,  sir,  as  fai-  as  the 
street-door." — Life  of  Johnson. 

Hamilton,  Sir  William  Rowau,  b.  Aug.  4,  1805, 
at  Dublin,  and  educated  at  the  University  of  that  city,  was 
appointed  Andrews  Professor  of  Astronomy  to  the  Univer- 
sity of  Dublin,  and  Astronomer  Royal  for  Ireland,  in  1S27, 
and  President  of  the  Royal  Irish  Academy  in  1837.  Lec- 
tures on  Qnaternious.  in  1843,  to  the  Royal  Irish  AcMemy, 
Dubl.,  1853,  Svo.  This  eminent  scholar  has  also  pub.  va- 
luable papers  in  Trans.  Roy.  Irish  Acad.,  Phil.  Trans.,  Lon- 
don,Trans.  Brit.  Soc.  I'ortheAdvancementof  Science,  Lon., 
Edin.,  and  Dublin  Philos.  Mag.,  and  Dublin  Univ.  Rev. 
See  a  biog.  sketch  of  Sir  William — Our  Portrait-Gallery, 
No.  XXVI. — in  Dublin  Univ.  Mag.,  Jan.  1842,  94-110. 


HAM 

Hamloy,  Edward.     r.>oms,  Lon.,  179G,  8vo. 
Ilamley,  Major  Edward  Brute,  R.A.    1.  Lady 
Lee's  Widowhood,  Lon.,  lS5i,  2  vols.  p.  Svo.     Originally 
pub.  in  Blackwood's  Magazine. 

"  Captjuu  Ilamley  writes  with  admirable  ease  and  graphic  viva- 
city. Ilis  humour  is  manly  and  refined;  his  fancy  is  fertile  in 
comic  tracery ;  and  the  mere  rhetoric  of  his  composition  is  spirited 
and  graceful." — Lrni.  Press. 

"We  have  no  hesitation  in  pronouncing  Lady  Lee's  Widowhood 
the  most  promising  debut  that  has  been  made  in  tiction  since 
Bulwer  surprised  the  world  with  Pelham." — Lon.  Critic. 

"It  is  withal  a  bright,  healthy  book,  with  a  dash  of  hearty 
humour  in  it." — Lon.  Athcn(eum. 

2.  The  Story  of  the  Campaign.  A  complete  Narrative 
of  the  War  in  Southern  Russia,  written  in  a  Tent  in  the 
Crimea,  1855,  p.  Svo.  Originally  pub.  in  Blackwood's 
Mag.  A  valuable  work.  3.  The  Position  on  the  Alma, 
skelebcd  the  Day  after  the  Battle,  1855,  oblong. 

Hammer,  Joseph.  Ancient  Alphabets,  &c.,  Lon., 
1806,  sm.  4to.  See  M.  Silvestre  de  Saey's  comments  in 
Magas.  Encyel.,  Nov.  1810:  pp.  145-174, 

Hammett,  Samuel  A.,  b.  1816,  at  Jewett  City,Conn., 
a  resident  of  N.  York  since  1848.  1.  A  Stray  Yankee  in 
Texas,  by  Philip  Paxton,  N.  York,  1853,  12mo.  2.  The 
Wonderful  Adventures  of  Captain  Priest,  by  Philip  Pax- 
ton,  1855. 

Hammnn,  George.    Serms.,  &c.,  Lon.,  1658,  '90,  '93. 
Ilammon,  .lohn.     The  Hist,  of  the  Valorous  Squire 
Alector,  Lon.,  1580.  4to. 

Hammon,  VVm.  Answer  to  Dr.  Priestley  on  the  Ex- 
istence of  a  (lod,  Lon.,  1833,  Svo. 

Hammond,  Anthony,  M.P.,  166S-173S,  a  commis- 
sioner of  the  Navy,  and  an  associate  of  the  men  of  letters 
of  the  day,  edited  in  1720  a  New  Miscellany  of  Original 
Poems,  some  of  which  were  his  own  composition.  He  also 
wrote  a  work  on  Publick  Credit.  1721,  Svo:  Hints  for  Think- 
ing, 1721,  Svo;  and  ,an  Account  of  the  Life  and  Writings 
of  Walter  Moylo,  prefixed  to  the  works  of  tho  latter,  pub. 
1727,  Svo. 

Hammond,  Anthony.  1.  Law  of  Nisi  Prius,  Lon., 
1816,  Svo  ;  Exeter,  N.  H.,  1823,  Svo.  2.  Parties  to  Ac- 
tions, Ac,  Lon.,  1817,  '27,  Svo;  Exeter,  N.  II.,  1822,  Svo. 
3.  Principles  of  Pleading,  Lon.,  1819,  Svo.  4.  Reports  in 
Equity,  1821,  2  vols.  Svo;  N.  York,  1822,  Svo.  5.  Crimi- 
nal Code  Forgery,  Ac,  1823,  Svo.  6.  Practice  and  Pro- 
ceed, in  Pari.,  Ac.,  1825,  Svo.  7.  Index  to  Term  Reports, 
Ac,  1S27,  2  vols.  Svo.  8.  Crimin.al  Code:  Simple  Larceny, 
Ac,  1828-29,  2  vols.  fol. 

Hammond,  Capt.  Charles.  The  Old  English 
Officer,  Lon.,  1679,  Svo. 

Hammond,  Charles.  Rep.  of  Cases  in  Supreme 
Ct.  of  Ohio,  1821-39,  Cin.,  183.3-40,  9  vols.  Svo. 

Hammond,  Charles  D.,  b.  1818,  at  Boston,  Mass. 
Medical  Information  for  the  Million,  N.  York.  1851,  12mo. 
Mr.  H.  is  the  author  of  many  articles  on  Jledical  Reform. 
Hammond,  Elisha.  1.  Law  of  Fire  Insurance,  Ac, 
N.  York,  1840,  Svo.  2.  Principal  and  Agent,  1836,  Svo. 
See  2  Kent's  Com.,  646,  n.  3.  Justice  of  the  Peace,  Brook- 
field,  1841,  Svo.  4.  Supp.  to  Petersdorft"s  Cases,  N.  Y'ork, 
1835,  2  vols.  Svo.     See  14  Amer.  Jur.,  231. 

Hammond,  or  Hamond,  George.  Theolog. 
treatises,  1694,  1701,  '02. 

Hammond,  Henry,  D.D.,  1605-1660,  a  native  of 
Chertsey,  Surrey,  after  preparatory  studies  at  Eton,  was 
sent  to  Magdalen  Coll.,  Oxford,  and  was  elected  Fellow  in 
1625:  Rector  of  Penshurst,  Kent,  1633;  Archdeacon  of 
Chichester,  1643  ;  Canon  of  Christ  Church,  Oxford,  1645, 
and  Sub-dean,  1648.  Being  warmly  attached  to  the  royal 
cause,  he  was  ejected  by  the  Parliamentary  Visitors.  At 
the  Restoration  Charles  II.  intended  to  nominate  him  to 
the  bishopric  of  Worcester,  but  he  died  whilst  preparing 
for  his  journey  to  London.  Charles  I.  declared  that  Ham- 
mond was  the  most  natural  orator  he  ever  heard.  His 
works — among  which  are  a  number  in  defence  of  the 
Church  of  England  against  Romanists  and  other  Dis- 
senters— were  collected  and  pub.  by  his  amanuensis,  Wm. 
Fulman,  in  4  vols,  fol.,  1674-84 ;  a  collection  of  his  Letters 
(nineteen  in  number)  was  pub.  by  Mr.  Peek,  1739,  Svo; 
his  Life,  by  Bishop  Fell,  1661,  12ino;  reprinted  in  1806, 
and  in  1S49  ; — also  in  Wordsworth's  Eecles.  Biog.,  iv. 
313; — and  a  new  ed.  of  his  Miscellaneous  Theological 
Works  was  pub.  in  the  Lib.  of  Anglo-Cath.  Theol.,  Oxf., 
1847-51  ;  3  vols,  in  4,  Svo.  New  ed.  of  his  Para?nesis  ; 
or,  Seasonalde  Exhortatory,  edited  by  Manning,  1841,  Svo. 
The  following  are  his  best-known  productions.  1.  A 
Practical  Catechism,  Lon.,  1644,  '48,  4to.  A  vindication 
of  the  same,  1648,  4to ;  1700,  Svo  ;  16th  ed.,  in  the  new 
ed.  of  his  Miscellaneous  Works,  1847,  vol.  i. 


HAM 

"  TTammond's  Catechism  is  aTi  exctllent  explanation  of  the  du- 
ties i>f  our  religion." — Ijr.  Wotton. 

"A  book  of  great  use:  but  not  to  be  begun  ■with  as  too  many 
do.  It  does  require  a  good  d^al  of  previous  study  before  the  force 
of  his  reasonings  is  apprebeiidi.'ii;  liut  when  one  is  ready  for  it,  it 
is  a  rare  book,  and  states  (bf  ici*>"iids  of  morality  and  of  our  duty 
upon  true  principles." — Bisiio?  Uurnet.  And  see  Walchii  EibL 
Theolog.  Selecta. 

2.  Serms.,  1644,  fol.  See  vol.  iv.  (1684)  of  his  collected 
works,  and  vol.  Ui.  (1S47)  of  the  new  ed.  of  his  Jliscel- 
laneous  AVorks.  3.  Parnphrases  of  the  Old  and  Annota- 
tions upon  the  New  Testament,  1663,  '56,  Svo  ;  1659,  71, 
'75,  '79,  '81,  1702,  fol.  The  last  is  the  best  of  the  old  eds. 
New  ed.,  1845,  4  vols.  Svo.  The  Annotations  form  vol.  iii. 
(1675)  of  bis  collected  works.  In  1698  (Amster.,  fol.)  Le 
Clerc  trans,  it  into  Latin,  with  animadversions.  Also  pub. 
Franckf.,  1714,  2  vols.  fol.  These  were  trans,  into  Eng- 
lish, and  pub.  as  a  Supp.  in  1609,  4to.  A  Defence  of  Ilam- 
moud  against  Le  Clerc  appeared  in  1699,  to  which  Le 
Clerc  replied.  Both  of  these  books  should  be  added  to  tho 
Annotations.  Dr.  Doddridge  preferred  Le  Clerc's  edit,  of 
Hammond  in  Latin  to  the  original.  AVe  give  some  opinions 
of  the  Annotations; 

'•  Hammond  was  a  man  of  very  considerable  learning  and  piety, 
alloyed  with  a  portion  of  superstition.  He  often  succeeds  in 
illustrating  the  force  and  meaning  of  the  Greek  words  and  phrases 
of  the  New  Testament.  His  stock  of  cLaspical  and  rabbinical  in- 
Inrmatiou  was  very  respectable,  and  furnished  him  with  some 
valuable  illustrations.  He  was  a  moderate  Arminiau  in  doctrinal 
sentiment;  a  great  stickler  for  the  divine  origin  of  episcopacy ; 
and  held  some  peculiar  notions  about  the  Gnostics,  to  whom  he 
supposes  there  are  many  more  allusions  in  the  New  Testament 
than  any  one  else  is  likely  to  find."— 0*-»!e's  Bibl.  Bib. 

One  of  the  most  excellent  of  Biblical  critics  complains 
that  Hammond 

''Finds  the  Gnostics  everywhere,  which  is  his  principal  fault: 
many  of  Le  Clerc's  animadversions  upon  these  places  are  very 
good;  .and  his  edition  of  his  book  in  Latin  I  think  much  preferable 
to  the  original.'" — Dr.  Doddridge. 

Orme  remarks  that  Le  Clerc's  Supplement,  1699,  4to, 

"  Ts  necessary  to  complete  ILimmond,  and  contains  many  things 
worth  reading," 

Mr.  Bickersteth  gives  us  his  opinion  of  both  : 

'•Valuable  for  ciiti.ism.  but  deficient  in  evangelical  views.  Le 
Clerc  wrote  many  additions  with  Socinian  tendencies."— CVtnV tun 
Student. 

"  Le  Clerc  has  observed,  that  Hammond  in  his  Annotations  on 
the  New  Testament  borrowed  largely  from  Grotius  and  Episco- 
pius.  and  Tillotson  has  been  called  a  disciple  of  the  latter.'" — 
Bishop  Watson. 

A  late  eminent  modern  authority  remarks  that  Ham- 
mond's work  is 

''  In  great  and  growing  reputation.  There  are  many  good  criti- 
cisms, but  many  that  are  much  mistaken."— fioj-He's  Bibl.  Bib. 

Girdleston  says  that  he 

"Gives  us  the  result  of  laborious  study." 

"Hammond  excels  in  learned  criticism  to  be  read  *  cum  grano 
salis.'  " — Dr.  E.  Williams. 

'•I  would  recommend  Lowth  and  Patrick  on  the  Old  Testament, 
and  Hammond  on  the  New."— Dr.  Samuel  Johnson. 

'•  He  [Dr.  Ji-hnson]  was  extremely  fond  of  Dr.  Hammond's  works, 
and  sometimes  gave  them  as  a  present  to  young  men  going  into 
orders.  He  also  bought  them  for  the  library  at  Streatham." — 
BoswelVs  Johnson,  MS-  note  hy  J.  O.  C. 

''The  Paraphrase  and  Annotations  of  Hammond  on  the  New 
Testament  give  a  different  colour  to  the  Epistles  of  St.  Paul  from 
that  which  they  display  in  the  hands  of  Beza  and  the  other  theo- 
logians of  the  sixteenth  century."— -WiiWam's  Lit.  Hist,  of  Europe. 

4.  Paraphrase  and  Annotations  upon  the  Book  of  Psalms, 

1659,  '83,  fol.     This  work  is  in  vol.  iv.  (1684)  of  his  col- 
lected works.     New  ed.  by  Branckcr,  1850,  2  vols.  Svo. 

"  The  uutes  are  most  learned,  and  embrace  many  things  which 
are  omitted  by  others,  on  which  account  Hammond  is  to  be 
reckoned  among  the  best  interpreters  of  the  Psalms." — Wahh. 

"  I  think  his  plan  of  inteipretation  is  the  right  one:  he  endea- 
vours first  to  give  the  literal  sense,  and  thence  deduces  the  mys- 
tical."— Bisnop  Lowth. 

"The  substance  of  the  remarks  on  the  New  Testament  is  ap- 
plicable to  the  Annotations  on  tiie  Psalms.  There  is  a  great  deal 
of  very  dry  criticism,  which  does  not  interest  the  reader  much  in 
the  subject  of  these  sacred  compositions.  Hence  this  work  is  less 
known  and  respected  than  the  former." — Ormc's  BUd.  Bib. 

'•'Dr.  IL-inimond's  notes  are  exceedingly  valuable,  and  contain 
many  learned  observations  that  bad  cstaiud  preceding  commen- 
tators on  the  Book  of  Psalms."— Mt/j.'s  Bibl.  Bib. 

"  Of  use  chiefly  for  its  critical  hints."—  Williams  a  C.  P. 

*' A  valuable  critical  exposition." — Bicker steth's  C.  S. 

5.  A   Pacific  Discourse  of    God's  Grace   and  Decrees, 

1660,  Svo. 

"  Written  in  a  good  spirit  on  the  Arminian  side,  endeavourinj; 
to  shew  that  Bishop  Sanderson  accorded  with  him." — Bickersteth's 
a  S. 

6.  Paraphrases  and  Annotations  upon  the  X.  first  Chap- 
ters of  the  Proverbs,  1683,  fol.  This  forms  vol.  iv.  (1684) 
of  his  collected  works. 

"Great  were  his  natural  aldlities,  greater  his  acquired,  and  in 
the  whole  circle  of  arts  he  was  most  accurate.  He  was  eloquent 
iu  the  tongues,  exact  in  antieut  and  modern  writers,  was  well 

779 


HAM 


HAM 


versM  in  philosopby,  and  better  in  philology,  most  learn'd  in 
Fchool  divinity,  and  a  greiit  master  in  church  antiquity,  made  up 
of  fathers,  councils,  ecclesiastical  historians,  and  liturt'ies^  as  may  i 
be  at  larfre  seen  in  his  most  elaborate  works." — Allien.  Oxmi.  I 

'■  Ilis  death  was  an  unspeakable  loss  to  the  church;  fur,  as  he  | 
was  a  man  of  great  learning,  and  of  most  eminent  merit,   he 
having  been  thu  person  thatduring  the  bad  times  bad  maintained 
the  cause  of  the  church  in  a  very  singular  manner,  so  he  was  a 
Tery  moderate  man  in  his  temper,  thouii;h  with  a  bijrh  principle,  ' 
and  would  probably  have  fallen  into  healing  counsels.     He  was  i 
also  much  set  on  reforming  abuses,  and  for  raising  the  clergy  to  a  , 
due  sense  of  the  obligations  they  lay  under." — ItiSHOP  Burnet. 

"  He  was  the  tutelar  angel  to  keep  many  a  poor  royalist  from 
famishing ;  it  being  verily  belieTod  that  he  yearly  gave  away  more 
than  two  hundred  pounds." — Fulh  f.^  W"r()iir.^.  I 

"Dr.  Hammond  had  extended  teaming  and  real  piety,  and  is 
valuable  for  criticism  and  antiquity;  but  his  views  are  far  from 
the  simplicity  of  the  principles  of  the  Reformation.     He  is  not 
sound  on  justification  by  faith;  righteousness  by  faith  in  Christ  ' 
has  ever  been  a  stone  of  stumbling  and  a  rock  of  offence.     Rom.  ix.  i 
30-33.  I 

*'  Yet  one  golden  sentence  of  his  deserves  recording: 

"  '  0  whata  glorious  thing,  how  rich  a  prize  for  the  expense  of  a  I 
man's  whole  life,  were  it  to  be  the  instrument  of  rescuing  one  ; 
soul  from  ruin.'  " — Bichcrsteth's  C.  S.  j 

See  also  Life  by  Bishop  Fell;  Biog.  Brit.  ;  Bnrwick's 
Life;  Lloyd's  Memoirs;  Peck's  Desiderata j  Cburtun's 
Life  of  Nowell ;  Usher's  Life  and  Letters.  j 

Hammond,  Humphrey.  Serms.,  Lon.,  1715,  both 
Svo.  I 

Hammond,  J.,  D.D.  An  Historical  Narration  of 
the  whole  Bible,  Lon.,  1723,  Svo. 

Hammond,  Jabcz  D.  Political  History  of  New 
York  to  Dec.  1S40.  Albany,  1843,  2  vols.  Svo;  vol.  iii., 
Syracuse,  Svo. 

"The  work  is  wiitten  with  candour  and  unstudied  accuracy." 

— GOVEUNOB  SlWARD. 

"  Pains-taking,  but  not  always  accurate." — President  King. 

Hammond,  James,  M.P.,  1710?-1742,  second  son 
of  Anthony  Ilnmmond,  M.P.,  cherished  an  unfortunate — 
because  unnvuiling — passion  fur  Miss  Dashwood,  which 
«ought  relief  in  his  Love  Elegies,  pub.  after  his  death 
with  a  recommendatory  preface  by  Lord  Chesterfield.  But 
Dr.  Beattie  insists  on  it  that  Hammond  was  nut  in  love 
when  he  wrote  these  elegies:  they  are,  indeed,  principally 
translations  from  Tibullus.  Poetical  Works,  Glasg., 
17S7;  Svo.  Reprinted  in  vol.  xi.  of  Johnson's  and  Chal- 
mer's  Eng.  Poets,  and  bound  up  in  the  same  vol.  with 
CoUins's  poems  in  Bell's  pocket  ed. 

"Where  there  is  fiction,  there  is  no  passion:  he  that  describes 
himself  as  a  shepherd,  and  his  Nea^-a  or  Delia  as  a  sheplierdess, 
and  talks  of  goats  and  lambs,  feels  no  passion.  He  that  courts 
his  mistress  with  Roman  Imagery  deserves  to  lose  her;  for  she 
may  with  good  reason  suspect  his  sincerity."' — Dr.  Joh?iso7i^s  Lives 
of  the  Eng.  Puds. 

This  is  about  as  wise  as  are  many  other  of  the  lexico- 
grapher's oracular  decisions. 

"  Hammoud  was  a  young  gentleman  who  appears  to  have  fallen 
in  love  about  the  year  1740.  and  who  translated  Tibullus  into 
English  verse  to  let  his  mistress  and  the  public  know  of  it." — 
ffazliti's  Led.  on  the  Eng.  I'oets. 

Hammond,  James  H.,  Ex-Governor  of  the  State 
of  S.  Carolina,  b.  in  1S07,  in  Newberry  district  in  that 
state,  has  pub.  some  letters  on  slavery,  and  a  number  of 
papers  upon  politics,  manufactures,  &c. 

Hammond,  John.  Leah  and  Rachel;  or,  the  two 
fruitful  Si.stcrs.  Virginia  and  Maryland;  their  present 
condition  stated,  Lon.,  1056,  4to. 

Hammoud,  John.  The  Practical  Surveyor,  Lon., 
1702,  8vo.     Tlie  same.  pub.  by  S.  Warner,  1780,  Svo. 

Hammond,  iU,  C.  31.,  *U.  s.  Army,  a  younger  bro- 
ther uf  Ex-Guvernor  Hammond,  was  born  in  1S14,  in 
Newberry  district,  South  Carolina.  He  is  the  author  of  a 
number  of  papers  on  military  allairs,  pub.  in  the  Southern 
Quarterly  Review.  He  is  saiil  to  be  now  engaged  on  a 
trans,  of  Joinini's  treati.se  on  the  Art  of  War. 

Hammond,  Col.  Robert,  Governor  of  the  Isle  of 
Wight.     Letters.  &c.  rel.  to  Charles  L,  Lon.,  1764,  Svo. 

Hammond,  Samuel.  Young  English  Scholar's 
Guide,  Lon.,  1744,  Svo. 

Hammond,  Samuel  H.,  b.  1S09.  at  Bath,  N.York. 

1.  Hills,  Lakes,  and  Forest  Streams.  N.  Y'ork,  1S54,  12mo. 

2.  Hunting  Adventures  in  the  Northern  Wilds,  1855.  12mo. 

3.  In  conjunction  with  L.  AV.  Man.sfield,  Country  Margins 
and  Summer  Rambles.  1S55,  12nio. 

Hammond,  or  Haniond,  Thomas.  Commotion 
of  ccrtaine  Papists,  &c..  Lon.,  H105,  4tn, 

Hammond,  Thomas.     Measurer,  Lon.,  1669,  Svo. 

Hammond,  William,  uf  St.  Alban's  Court,  in  East 
Kent,  the  collateral  ancestor  of  James  Hammond;  see  unte. 
Poems,  Lon.,  1655,  Svo.  Bibl.  Anglo-Poet.,  342,  £4  is. 
Reprint,  1SI6,  4to.  Sixty-one  copies  printed,  with  a  pre- 
face by  Sir  S.  E.  Brydges. 
7ao 


'•  One  of  the  forgotten  Poem-writers  of  the  last  age." — PhiUips'i 
Tlteat.  Poet.  Anglic. 

Hammond,  William.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1745, 12mo. 

Hammond,  William.     Serm..  Lon.,  1776,  12nio. 

Hammoud,  William  Andrew.  The  Definitions 
of  Faith  and  Canons.  Ac,  Oxf.,  lS4:i,  Svo. 

Hamond,  George.     See  Hammond. 

Hamond,  Thomas.     See  Hammond. 

Hamond,  Walter.  1.  Traus.  of  A.  Parey  on  Gun- 
shot, Ac.  Wounds,  Lon.,  1617.  4to.  2.  Madagascar.  1640, 
4to.     3.  Madagascar  the  Richest  Island,  <te.,  1643,  4to. 

Hanior,  Ralplie.  A  trve  Discovrse  of  the  present 
E.-^tate  of  Virginia,  Loo.,  1615,  4to. 

Hampden,  John,  1594-1643,  the  resolute  opposer 
of  tlie  king's  alleged  right  to  levy  ship-money,  was  slain 
whilst  fighting  against  Prince  Rupert  at  Chalgrave  Field. 
Speach  in  defense  of  Himself  and  others,  1641,  4to.  See 
Biog.  Brit.;  tho  Histories  of  Eng.;  Noble's  Memoirs  of 
Cromwell ;  Clarendon's  Rebellion  ;  Lord  Nugent's  Me- 
morials of  Hampden,  1S52,  2  vols.  Svo.  New  ed.,  1S54, 
p.  Svo.  The  last-named  work  was  reviewed  by  T.  B. 
Macaulay  in  Edin.  Rev.,  liv.  505-550 ;  and  by  Kobert 
Southey  in  the  Lon.  Quar.  Rev.,  xlvii.  457-519. 

Hampden,  Ilenn  Dickson,  D.D.,  in  1810  was  en- 
tered r)f  Oriel  College,  Oxford,  of  which  he  subsequently 
became  Fellow  and  Tutor  ;  Public  Examiner  in  Classics 
in  1S29,  and  also  in  1S31 ;  Bampton  Lecturer,  1832 ;  Prin- 
cipal of  St.  Mary's  Hall,  1833:  White's  Prof,  of  Moral 
Philos.,  1834;  Regius  Prof,  of  Divinity,  1836;  Bishop  of 
Hereford,  1847.  His  appointment  to  the  two  last-named 
offices  excited  violent  opposition,  based  upon  alleged  un- 
soundness of  doctrine  exhibited  in  Dr.  Hampden's  Bamp- 
ton Lectures — (1.)  The  Scholastic  Philosophy  considered 
in  its  relation  to  Christian  Theology,  preached  1832,  Ox- 
ford, 1832,  Svo ;  2ded.,  Lon.,  1837,  Svo;  3d  ed.,  184S,  Svo. 
Reviewed  in  the  Biitish  Critic,  xiv.  125.  Dr.  Hampden 
has  also  pub. — (2.)  De  Ephororum  apud  Lncedtemonias 
magistratu.  Disputatio  cancellarii  prfemiodonata,  et  in 
theatro  Sheldoniano  recitata  die  Jun.  xxii.,  A.  D.  1814,  pp. 
22,  r.  Svo.  3.  Philosophical  Evidence  of  Christianity, 
^c,  1S27,  Svo.  This  vol.  has  been  declared  to  be  "an 
appropriate  and  worthy  companion  to  Butler's  Analogy." 
4,  Religious  Dissent,  1834,  Svo.  See  British  Critic  for 
Jan'y,  1835.  5.  Leets.  on  Moral  Philosophy,  Svo.  6.  In- 
augural Lect.  before  the  Univ.  of  Oxford,  2d  ed.,  1836,  Svo. 
See  Edin.  Rev.,  Ixiii.  225-239.  7.  Parochial  Serms.  and 
four  other  Serms.,  1836.  Svo.  S.  On  Tradition,  1S39,  Svo; 
4th  ed.,  1841,  Svo.  9.  Serm.,  Jer.  xxiii.  5,  G  :  3d  ed.,  1840, 
Svo.  10.  Serm.,  John  xvii.  17-21,  1844,  Svo.  11.  The 
Work  of  Christ  and  the  Spirit,  1847,  Svo.  12.  Letter  to 
Lord  John  Russell,  1S47,  Svo.  13.  Serms.  before  the  Univ. 
of  Oxford,  1836-47,  Svo,  1S48.  14.  Charge  at  his  Pri- 
mary Visitation,  ISoO,  Svo. 

We  must  not  forget  to  give  Dr.  Hampden  credit  for  his 
able  articles  on  Socrates,  Plato,  and  Aristotle,  in  the  Ency- 
clopfedia  Britannica,  and  the  review  of  the  writings  of 
Thomas  Aquinas  and  the  scholastic  philosophy  in  the 
Encyclopiedia  Metropolitana.  See  a  notice  by  Sir  Wil- 
liam Hamilton  of  the  article  on  Aristotle's  Philosophy 
in  the  Edinburgh  Review  for  April,  1833;  also  pub.  in 
Sir  William's  Discussions  on  Philosophy,  &q.  Sir  William 
remarks  that 

"  Dr.  Whately's  errors  relative  to  Induction  are.  however,  sur- 
passed by  those  of  another  able  writer,  Mr.  Hampdeu,  in  regard 
both  to  that  process  itst-lf,  and  to  the  Aristotelian  exposition  of 
its  nature." 

The  review  of  the  writings  of  Aquinas  and  the  scho- 
lastic philosophy  has  been  highly  commended  by  a  very 
eminent  authority : 

"Dr.  Hampden,  in  his  Life  of  Thomas  Aquinas  and  view  of  the 
scholastic  philosophy,  published  in  the  Encyelopa'dia  Metropoli- 
tana. has  the  merit  of  having  been  the  only  ICnglisbman,  past  or 
present,  so  far  as  I  know,  since  the  revival  of  letters,  who  has 
penetrated  far  into  the  wilderness  of  scholasticism." — Hallam^s 
Lit.  Hist,  of  Europe,  ed.  1854,  vol.  i.  14,  n.;  see  also  p.  8,  n.  13. 

As  regards  the  celebrated  controversy  which  has  made 
the  name  of  Dr.  Hampden  so  famous  over  the  ecclesiastical 
world,  wc  of  course  have  no  right  to  express  an  opinion 
in  these  pages.  Indeed,  we  do  not  profess  to  have  made 
any  attempt  to  master  so  hydra-headed  a  subject.  But, 
fur  the  benefit  of  those  who  have  more  curiosity  or  more 
leisure  than  ourselves,  we  append  the  following  list  of 
publications  upon  this  quantio  cexata. 

1.  Letter  to  the  Archbishop  of  Canterbury,  by  Jortin 
Redivivus,  3d  ed.,  1836,  Svo,  pp.  40.  2.  State  of  Parties  in 
Oxford,  1S36,  Svo,  pp.  61.  3.  Elucidations  of  Dr.  Hamp- 
den's Theolog.  Statements,  1836,  Svo,  pp.  47.  4.  Corresp. 
between  Dr.  Hampden  and  the  Archbishop  of  Canterbury, 
2d  ed.,  1838,  pp.  38.     5.  Statements  of  Christian  Doctrine 


HAM 

frnm  the  inib.  Writings  of  Dr.  namptlon,  18?,6.  pp.  36. 
B.  Dr.  Hampden's  Theolog.  Statements  and  tlie  Thirty-Nine 
Articles  Compared,  1S36,  pp.  62.  7.  Dr.  Hampden's  Past 
and  Present  Statements  Compared,  1836,  pp.  22.  8.  'The 
Official  and  Legal  Proceedings  connected  with  the  Appoint- 
ment of  Dr.  Hampden  to  the  see  of  Hereford  ;  the  numerous 
Extracts  from  the  Canonists  collated  with  the  original 
authorities  and  translated,  with  Notes  and  an  Appendix, 
1S4S,  8vo.  See  also  the  following  articles  in  periodicals  : 
9.  Edin.  Rev.,  Ixiii.  225.  10.  Brit,  and  For.  Rev.,  xv.  169. 
11.  N.  Brit.  Rev.,  viii.  286.  12.  Blackw.  Mag.,  xxxix. 
425,  428,  431,  468.  13.  Eraser's  Mag.,  xxxvii.  105. 
14.  Eclec.  Rev.,  4th  Ser.,  xxiii.  2221.  15.  N.  Haven  Church 
Rev.,  i.  246. 

Dr.  Southey  partook  of  the  indignation  which  was  ex- 
cited by  the  appointment  of  Dr.  Hampden  to  the  Regius 
Professorship,  and  thus  expresses  himself  in  a  letter  to 
Herbert  Hill : 

"James  II.'s  conduct  in  obtruding  a  Romish  president  upon 
Magdalen  was  not  worse  than  that  of  the  present  ministry  iu  ap- 
pointlns;  Dr.  Hampden  to  the  professorship  of  divinity.  If  they 
had  given  bim  any  other  preferment,  even  a  bishopric,  it  would 
have  l>een  only  one  proof  among  many  that  it  is  part  of  their 
policy  to  promote  men  of  loose  opinions:  but  to  place  him  in  the 
oflBce  which  he  now  holds  was  an  intended  insult  to  the  Univer- 
sity. In  no  way  could  the  Whigs  expect  so  materially  to  injure 
the  Church  as  by  planting  Germanized  professors  in  our  schools 
of  divinity.  Thank  liod,  there  is  too  much  sound  learning  in  the 
land  for  them  to  succeed  in  this." — Koiioick,  April  2,  1836. 

It  is  not  a  little  curious,  considered  in  connexion  with 
the  above,  that  the  bishopric  followed  the  professorship. 

On  the  other  hand, — for  it  is  our  wont  to  let  each  side 
speak  for  itself. — the  Edinburgh  Reviewer  (supra)  can 
hardly  find  terms  strong  enough  to  express  his  indigna- 
tion at  the  persecution  to  which  he  alleges  Dr.  Hampden 
has  been  subjected : 

"  And  for  such  persecution,"  he  tells  us,  "  the  plea  of  conscience 
is  not  admissible;  it  can  ouly  be  a  conscience  so  blinded  by  wilful 
neglect  of  the  highest  truth,  or  so  corrupted  by  the  habitual  in- 
dulgence of  evil  passions,  that  it  rather  aggravates  than  excuses 
the  guilt  of  those  whom  it  misleads." — April,  ISoO:  '239. 

Hampden,  Rob.  Trevor,  Vice-corn,  de  Britannia, 
Lathmon,  Villa  ISromhamensis,  Poemata,  nunc  primum 
curante  Filio  Joan.  Trevor  edita,  Parma%  Typis  Bodo- 
nianis.  1792,  fol.  115  copies  printed.  Vellum  paper,  15 
copies  printed.  One  copy  on  vellum  sold  at  Junot's  sale 
for  £15  15».  Ordinary  copies  have  been  sold  at  £1  16«. 
to  £6  6s.  These  poems  are  praised  by  Lords  Hardwicke 
and  Lyttelton. 

Haiiipe,  John  Henry,  M.D.  1.  Metallurgy,  Lon., 
1778,  fol.  Posth.  2.  Con.  on  nat.  hist,  to  Phil.  Trans., 
1738,  '70. 

Hamper,  Wm.,  1776-1831,  a  native  of  Birmingham, 
England.  The  Life,  Diary,  and  Corresp.  of  Sir  Wm.  Dug- 
dale,  Lon.,  1837,  r.  4to.  This  is  one  of  the  best  commen- 
taries on  the  events  of  the  Great  Rebellion. 

"For  numerous  points  of  remark.ible  information,  and  for  very 
many  other  great  merits,  we  cordially  commend  tliis  volume  to 
every  literary  man  and  library  in  Gre.it  Britain." — Lon.  Lit.  G(iz. 
See  also  Lon.  Gent.  Mag. ;  Lon.  Month.  Rev.,  July,  1827  ; 
Dibdin's  Lib.  Coiup.,  ed.  1825,  p.  162;  our  life  of  Sir  Wm. 
DuoD.VLE,  in  this  Dictionary. 

Hanipole,  Harapoole,  or  Hampull,  Richard. 
See  RoLLK. 

Hampson,  Sir  G.  F.  Duties  of  Trustees,  2d  ed., 
Lon.,  1S3U,  8vo. 

Hampson,  John.  1.  Calvinism,  1788,  Svo.  2.  Mem. 
of  John  Wesley,  Ac,  1791,  3  vols.  12mo.  3.  Poetics  of 
Vida,  Ac,  1793,  8vo.     4.  Serms.,  1793,  Svo. 

Hampson,  R.  T.  1.  Dates.  Charters,  and  Customs 
of  the  Middle  Ages,  Lon.,  1841,  2  vols.  Svo.  2.  Origines 
Patricia; ;  or,  a  Deduction  of  European  Titles  of  Nobility 
and  Dignified  Officers  from  their  Primitive  Sources,  1846, 
Svo  and  r.  8vo. 

"  None  can  be  said  to  know  things  well,  who  do  not  know  them 
in  tbe  beginning."— Sir  Wm.  Temple. 

Hampson,  Wm.  1.  Duckingfield  Lodge ;  a  Poem, 
Lon.,  1793,  4to.  2,  Essay  on  the  Management  of  Cows, 
1796,  Svo. 

Hampstead,  Capt.  J.  1.  Naval  Tactics,  1808,  4to. 
2.  Phenomena  of  Nature,  1811,  Svo. 

Hampton.     Existence  of  the  Human  Soul  after  Death 

proved,  Lon.,  1711,  Svo. 

Hampton, George.  Theolog.  treatises, Lod.,17S5,<&c. 

Hampton,  James  N.     Fall  of  Man,  Lon.,  1750,  Svo. 

Hampton,  Rev.  James,  d.  1778.     1.  Trans,  from 

the  Greek  of  the  General  Hist,  of  Polybius,  Lon.,  1766, 

'72,  2  vols.  4to  ;   1772,  4  vols.  Svo.     Witii  a  Preface  by  Dr. 

Johnson.     2.  Two  Extracts  from  the  6th  Book  of  Polybius, 

1764,  4to. 


IIAIf 

"  Accuracy  and  probity  shine  iu  his  writings.  He  was  a  scholar, 
a  statesman,  and  a  philosopher.  In  Tolybius  we  meet  with  nothing 
but  unadorned  simplicity  and  plain  reason.  .  .  .  The  English  tians- 
lator  has  preserved  tbe  admirable  sense  aud  improved  the  coarse 
original." — Gibbon. 

"1  was  very  little  acquainted  with  the  merits  of  this  work  till 
they  were  pointed  out  by  Jebb.  The  rrefiicewas  certainly  revised 
and  improved  by  Dr.  Johnson." — Dr.  Parr. 

"  Polybius's  history  is  interwoven  with  sound  political  reflec- 
tions."— CUAXCELLOB  KENT. 

Hampton,  Wm.     Serms.,  1660,  '67,  both  4to. 
Hamstcad,  J.     Cause  of  Gravity,  Ac,  ISII.     Pro- 
bably the  same  as  Hamstead,  Capt.  J.,  above. 
Ilauani,  Richard.     See  Hainam. 

Hanburg,  N.  1.  Horologia  Scoteriea,  &c.,  Lon.,  1682, 
4to.  2.  Snpp.  Analyticum  ad  Equationes  Cartesianis, 
Camb.,  1691,  4to. 

Hanbnry,  Barnard,  and  Rev.  George  Wad- 
dington.  Journal  of  a  Visit  to  some  Parts  of  Ethiopia, 
Lon.,  1822,  4to. 

'•  Mr.  Waddiugton,  we  understand,  has  the  reputation  of  being 
a  good  classi,-al  scholar ;  we  cannot  however  say  much  in  favour 
of  bis  Knglish  "— ion.  I^icir.  Ru-.,  xxvii.  215-239,  q.  r. 

Hanbury,  Benjamin.  Hist.  Memorials  of  the  Con- 
gregationalists,  Lon.,  1839-14,  3  vols.  Svo.  Reviewed  in 
Lon.  Eclec.  Rev.,  4th  Ser.,  vi.  335. 

Hanbury,  Rev.  Wm.,  of  Leicester,  d.  1718,  pub.  A 
Complete  Body  of  Planting  and  Gardening,  Lon.,  1770- 
73.  2  vols.  foL,  and  some  other  works,  1758-67. 

Hancock,  Blith.  1.  Eclipses,  Norw.,  1783,  Svo. 
2.  Astronomy  of  Comets,  1786,  Svo. 

Hancock,  John,D.D.,  Rectorof  St.  Margaret's,  Lolh- 
bury,  London,  Preb.  of  Canterbury,  and  Chaplain  to  the 
Duke  of  Bedford.     Serms.,  Ac,  1697-1739. 

Hancock,  John,  1670-1752,  a  minister  of  Lexington, 
Mass.     Serms.,  1722.  '24,  '26,  '48. 

Hancock,  John,  d.  1744,  aged  41,  a  minister  of  Brain- 
tree,  Mass.,  son  of  the  preceding.  Serms.,  Ac.,  173S,  '39, 
'43,  '48. 

Hancock,  John,  LL.D.,  1737?-1793,  one  of  the 
signers  of  tbe  Declaration  of  American  Independence,  a 
son  of  John  Hancock  of  Braintreo,  and  a  grandson  of 
John  Hancock  of  Lexington,  was  a  native  of  Quincy. 
Mass. ;  grad.  at  Harvard  Coll.,  1754 ;  Member  of  the  House 
of  Rep.  for  Boston,  1766;  President  of  the  Provincial  Con- 
gress of  Mass.,  1774;  President  of  the  Continental  Con- 
gress, 1775;  Governor  of  Mass.,  1780-84  and  1787-93. 
He  pub.  an  Oration  on  the  Boston  Massacre,  1774.  See 
Lives  of  the  Signers  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence; 
National  Portrait  Gallery  of  Distinguished  Americans; 
the  histories  of  the  United  States. 

Hancock,  John.  On  Quakers,Lon.,1802,'03,both  Svo. 
Hancock,   Robert.      Serm.,  <Ssc.,   Lon.,   1680,  '82, 
both  4to. 

Hancock,  Thomas,  M.D..  wrote  a  number  of  books 
in  defence  of  the  principles  of  the  Quakers,  (Lon.,  1828, 
'35,  «ie.,)  one  of  which  was  an  answer  to  Crewsden's  Bea- 
con to  the  Society  of  Friends.  See  Lowndes's  Brit.  Lib., 
col.  1176-77. 

*■  Dr.  Hancock  cleaves  to  the  mysticism  of  Barclay,  but  advances 
some  admirable  sentiments." — Ubi  supra. 

H.incock,  Wm.,  minister  of  St.  Paul's  Chapel,  Kil- 
burn.  1.  Hear  the  Church,  4th  ed.,  Lon.,  1848,  fp.  Svo. 
2.  Serm..  12mo.  3.  Two  Serms.,  1841,  12mo.  4.  Posth. 
Serms.,  1845,  p.  Svo. 

Haudasyd,  Talbot  Blayney.  Antiquities  near 
Bagshot;  Archffiol.,  1785. 

Handley,  James.  1.  CoUoquia  Chirurgica,  Lon., 
1705,  Svo.  2.  Comp.  of  Anatomy,  1705,  Svo.  3.  Animal 
CEconomy,  itc,  1721,  Svo.     4.  The  Plague,  1721,  Svo. 

Hands,  £liz.  Death  of  Amnon;  a  Poem,  Lon., 
1789.  Svo. 

Hands,  Wm.  1.  Rules  in  K.  B.,  Lon.,  1796,  8vo. 
2.  Solic.  Prac.  in  K.  B.,  1803,  Svo.  3.  Patents  for  Inven- 
tions, 1808,  Svo.  4.  Solic.  Assist,  in  Ct.  of  Chan.,  1809, 
Svo.  5.  Election  Petitions,  1812,  Svo.  6.  Fines  and  Recov. 
in  Ct.  C.  P.,  4th  ed.,  1825,  Svo. 

Handy,  Washington  R.,  M.D.,  Prof,  of  Anatomy 
and  Physiology  in  Baltimore  Coll.  of  Dental  .Surgery,  b. 
1812,  in  Somerset  CO.,  Maryland.  A  Text-Book  of  Anato- 
my, and  Guide  in  Dissections,  Phila.,  l-'>54,  r.  Svo,  pp.  810. 
"It  is  adapted  alike  to  Medical  and  Dental  Students." — South. 
Jour,  of  Mat.  and  Pfiys.  Sci. 

Dr.  H.  has  contributed  largely  to  the  Amer.  Jour,  of 
Dental  Science,  and  to  the  Brit.  Med.  and  Surg.  .Jour. 
Hanerlield,  Thomas.     Funl.  Serm.,  1811. 
Hanlbrd,  C.  J.,  editor  of  an  English  trans,  from  the 
Spanish  of  Balmez's  Protestantism  and  Catholicity  com- 
pared, Ac,  Lon.,  1849,  Svo. 
"This  work  has  not  undeservedly  been  translated  into  English, 

781 


HAN 


HAN 


French,  and  Italian.  Moderate  in  its  tone,  tnlnrant  in  its  senti- 
ments, and  on  the  whole  c-andid  in  its  statements,  it  is  one  of  the 
few  works  of  reli^'ious  controversy  that  maintain  throughout  a 
philosophic  character  and  spirit." — Lon.  AtMntrum. 

Hanger,  Col.  George,  alterwanls  Lord  Cole- 
raine,  servod  in  the  American  war,  and  gives  an  account 
of  his  resilience  in  this  country  in  his  Life,  Adventures, 
and  Opinions,  Lon.,  ISOl,  2  vols.  Svo.  He  also  pub.  tracts 
on  military  subjects,  1789,  '92,  '95,  1S04,  and  the  Lives, 
Adventures,  and  Sharping  Tricks  of  eminent  Gamesters, 
1S04,  12mo. 

Hanger,  Philip.  Men  castaway  at  Sea,  Lon.,  1675, 
4to. 

_  Hanhart,  M.  and  N.  Narrative  of  the  Cruise  of  the 
Yacht  Maria  among  the  Faroe  Islands,  in  the  Summer  of 
1854,  Lon.,  1855,  r.  Svo. 

Hankin,  Christiana  C.  Life  of  Mary  Anne  Schim- 
melpenninck.  Author  of  Select  Memoirs  of  Port  Royal, 
and  other  Works,  edited  by  her  Relation,  C.  C.  H.  See 
Lon.  Athen..  1S5S,  Pt.  2,  Ifit;,  and  Lon.  Examiner. 

Hankin,  Rev.  Edward,  M.D.  Pulit.  tracts,  &c., 
17S(i-lsl5. 

Hankiuson,  ThomasE.  Serms.,  Ac. Lon.,  18.33^14. 

Hanlcy,  P.,  M.D.     Med.  con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1771. 

Hanley,  Sylvanus.  1.  Young  Conchologist's  Book 
of  Species.  Lon.,  1840,  '42,  p.  Svo.  2.  Ipsa  Linnai  Con- 
chylia,  1855,  Svo. 

"His  Shells  of  Linna?n3  will  rank  as  the  standard  by  which  all 
systematic  concholngistB  must  henceforth  abide  as  respects  the 
nomenclature  of  the  Linn«an  species." — H'estminsta-  Hev.,  April, 
1856,  q.  V. 

3.  Enlarged  ed.  of  Wood's  Index  Testaceologicus,  1856, 
Ac.  4.  In  conjunction  with  W.  Wood,  English  ed.  of 
Lamarck's  Cat.  of  Recent  Shells,  1844-50.  5.  Catalogue 
of  Bivalve  Shells,  1856,  Svo. 

Hanmer.  J.  W.  Reports  of  Cases  in  K.B.,  &o.,  from 
the  MSS.  of  Lord  Kenyou,  Lou.,  1819-25, 2  vols.  Svo.  See 
Wallace's  Reporters;  Marvin's  Leg.  Bibl. 

Hanmer,  Sir  John,  Bart,  1.  Sonnets,  Lon.,  12mo. 
2.  Fra  CipoUa,  and  other  Poems,  1839,  Svo.  Commended 
by  Lon.  Athen.,  1S39,  982. 

Hanmer,  Kev.  Jonathan,  d.  1687,  wrote  a  work 
upon  Conflrination,  1658,  Svo,  one  on  Eccles.  Antiq.,  and 
some  other  treatises. 

Hanmer,  Meredith,  D.D.,  1543-1604,  Chaplain  of 
Corpus  Christi  Coll.,  Oxf.,  and  subsequently  treasurer  to 
the  Church  of  the  Holy  Trinity,  Dublin.  1.  Chronicle  of 
Ireland,  by  M.  Hanmer,  Edm.  Campion,  and  Edm.  Spen- 
ser. Pub.  by  Sir  James  Ware,  Dubl.,  1633,  fol.  2.  A 
Chronographie.  This  is  annexed  to  his  trans,  of  the 
Eccles.  Histories  of  Eusebius,  Socrates,  and  Evagrius,  Lon., 
1677,  '85,  1650,  fol.  3.  The  Jesuities  Banner,  1581,  4to. 
4.  Confut.  of  M.  Champion,  15S1,  Svo.  6.  The  Baptizing 
of  a  Turke;  a  Serm.,  1586,  16mo.     Other  works. 

Hanmer,  Sir  Thomas,  M.P.,  1676?-1746,  Speaker 
of  the  House  of  Commons  and  M.  P.  for  nearly  thirty  years, 
devoted  much  time  and  labour  to  the  preparation  of  an 
edit,  of  the  Wfirks  of  Shakspeare,  which  he  presented  to 
the  Univ.  of  Oxford.  It  was  pub.,  Oxford,  1744,  6  vols. 
4to,  with  engravings  by  Gravelot.  See  Lowndes's  Bibl. 
Man.,  1647 ;  Dibdin's  Lib.  Comp.,  ed.  1825,  801.  In  183S, 
Svo,  appeared  Sir  Thomas's  Life  and  Corresp.,  which  has 
been  already  noticed.     See  Bu.vBuitv.  Sir  Henry. 

Hanna,  William,  LL.D.  See  Chalmers,  Thomas, 
D.D.,  LL.D. 

Hannam,  John.  Economy  of  Waste  Manures,  Lon., 
1844,  fp.  Svo. 

'■  The  treatise  is  valuable,  and  the  author  is  known  as  the  writer 
of  several  prize  es.says." — Donaldson's  AgricuU.  Ling. 

Mr.  H.'s  Prize  Essays  have  been"  On  the  Use  of  Hand 
Tillages,  On  the  Effects  of  Special  Manures,  <ic. 

'■  Mr.  Ilanuam's  excellent  treatise  on  Waste  Manures  points  out 
the  great  loss  of  manure  going  on  on  almost  every  farm,  and  it 
gives  directions  which  will  be  found  extremely  useful  for  the  pre- 
servation of  all  kinds  of  manures  in  their  most  etfective  state." — 
Address  of  the  Council  of  Uti  Yorkshire  Agr.  Sic.  Trans.,  1843,  page 

Hannam,  Richard.     See  Hainam. 

Hannam,  Rev.  Thomas.  1.  An  Analyt.  Comp. ; 
or.  Outlines  of  Scrms.,  Lon.,  1801-02,  2  vols.  ISmo.  2.  The 
Pulpit  Assist.;  or.  Outlines  of  Serms.,  1810,  4  vols.  ISmo; 
5th  ed.,  revised  by  James  Anderson,  1840,  ISmo. 

Hannay,  David.  Ned  Allen;  or.  The  Past  Age, 
Lon.,  2  vols.  p.  Svo. 

'■  We  have  lead  -Mr.  Ilannay's  lucubrations  with  much  edifica- 
tion."— Lon.  Lit.  G'azdle. 

Hannay,  George  K.  1.  Concord,  to  the  N.  Test,, 
Edin.,  1835,  32nio.  Commended  by  Lowndes's  Brit.  Lib. 
2.  Concord,  to  the  0.  and  N.  Tests.,  Lon.,  1S37,  r.  ISmo ; 
new  ed.,  1839. 


*'  Such  a  work  is  all  that  the  Scriptm-e  student  could  desire."— 
Scoliish  Guardiun. 

Hannay,  James,  b.  at  Dumfries,  Scotland,  in  1827, 
served  in  the  Royal  Navy  until  1846,  since  which  he  has 
devoted  his  time  to  literary  pursuits.  He  has  been  a  large 
eoittributor  to  Punch  and  otlier  English  periodicals.  1.  Bis- 
cuits and  Grog,  1S38.  2.  Clarct-Cup,  1S4S.  3.  Hearts  are 
Trumps,  184S.  4.  King  Dobbs,  1S49.  5.  Singleton  Fonte- 
noy,  1850,  3  vols.  6.  Sands  and  Shells,  1854.  7.  Satire 
and  Satirists:  Six  Lects.  8.  Eustace  Conyers,  1855,  3 
vols.  Mr.  Hannay  occupies  a  distinguished  position  as  a 
writer  of  fiction.     See  Men  of  the  Time,  Lon.,  1856. 

Hannay,  Patrick.  1.  Two  Elegies,  Lon.,  1619,  4to. 
2.  A  Happy  Husband,  1619,  Svo.  3.  The  Nightingale, 
Sheretine  and  Mariana,  Songs  and  Sonets,  and  the  two 
preceding  works,  all  in  one  vol.  Svo,  1622.  Sold  at  Bind- 
ley's  sale  for  £35  Us.;   Sykcs's,  £12;  Perry's,  £38  6s. 

Hannay,  R.     Polit.  publications,  1821-31. 

Haunay,  Robert.     Proceed,  of  the  Quakers,  1694. 

Hannes,  EdAvard.  An  Account  of  the  Dissection 
of  the  Duke  of  Gloucester,  1700,  4to. 

Hannes,  Wm.     Serms.,  1717-25. 

Hansard,  George.    Law  rel.  to  Aliens,  1844-46,  Svo. 

Hansard,  George  Agar.  The  Book  of  Archery, 
Lon.,  1840,  Svo.     With  15  illustrations. 

"The  pictorial  embellishments  are  some  of  the  most  beautiful 
we  have  seen." — Lon.  Art-Union. 

Hansard,  Hugh  J.  Letters  and  Thoughts  rel.  to 
Christian  Knowledge  and  Justice,  1784,  Svo. 

Hansard,  John.  Entries  of  Declarations,  and  other 
Pleadings,  Ac,  Lon.,  1685,  fol. 

Hansard,  T,  C.  Parliamentary  Debates  from  1803 
to  1856,  and  continued  regularly.  Cobbett's  Pari.  Debates 
were  merged  in  Hansard's  Debates.  To  these  the  legal 
and  historical  student  should  add  Parliamentary  History, 
from  the  earliest  period  (1072)  to  1803,  36  vols.,  and  How- 
ell's State  Trials,  34  vols.  r.  Svo.  And,  if  he  can,  let  him 
also  procure  the  Rolls  of  Parliiiment,  1278-1503,  with  the 
General  Index,  7  vols.  fol.  Respecting  the  value  of  the 
Parliamentary  History  to  the  historical  student,  see  Prof. 
Smyth's  Lects.  on  Moil.  Hist,  and  Lord  Brougham's  Po- 
litical Philosophy.  To  Jtr.  Hansard  we  are  also  indebted 
for  Typographia,  1825,  r.  Svo,  and  for  Treatises  on  Print- 
ing and  Type-Founding,  pub.  in  Encyc.  Brit,,  and  re- 
printed in  a  p.  Svo  vol.;  last  ed.,  1851. 

"A  Printer's  manual,  which  every  one  in  the  trade  will  find  it 
his  interest  to  possess." — Westminster  Bem-m'. 

Hanselins,  J.  G.     Medicina  Brevis,  1714,  Svo. 

Hanson,  A.  C.  1.  Laws  of  Maryland,  1765-84, 
Anuap.,  1787,  fol.  2.  Rept.  case  Baptis  Irvine,  Bait., 
1608,  Svo. 

Hanson,  Rev.  J,  H.,  d.  1S57.  The  Lost  Prince: 
Facts  tending  to  prove  the  identity  of  Louis  XVII.  of  France 
and  the  Rev.  Elcazer  Williams,  Missionary  to  the  Indians, 
N.  York,  1854, 12mo.  See  Putnam's  Mag.",  Feb.,  April,  and 
July,  1853  ;  Feb.  1S54.  In  the  Appendix  to  the  Redeemed 
Captive  Returning  to  Zion,  being  an  account  of  the  Rev. 
John  Williams,  (Korth.ampton,  Mass.,  1853,  16mo,)  the 
author  professes  to  prove  that  the  Rev.  Eleazer  Williams 
is  a  direct  desccudant  of  the  Rev.  John  Williams,  and 
therefore  that  he  cannot  be  "The  Lost  Prince."  Mr.  Wil- 
liams d.  in  1858.     See  Knickerbocker  Mag.,  Nov.  186S. 

Hanson,  Rev.  J.  W.,  b.  1823,  at  Boston,  Mass. 
1.  Hist,  of  Danvers,  Mass.  2.  Hist,  of  Norridgewock, 
Maine.  3.  Hist,  of  Gardiner,  Maine.  4.  Starry  Oracles. 
6.  Ladies'  Casket.  6.  Flora's  Dial.  7.  Offering  to  Beauty. 
8.  Witnesses  to  the  Truth,  Ac. 

Hanson,  Joseph.     Petitions  for  Peace,  1808. 

Hanson,  Sir  Levett.  Hist,  of  Knighthood,  Lon., 
1802,  2  vols.  Svo.     See  Lowndes's  Bibl.  Man.,  1080. 

Hanson,  Martha.  Sonnets,  Ac,  1809,  Lon.,  2  vols. 
Svo. 

Hanson,  Raphe.     Certain  Nautical  Questions. 

Hanvil,  John,  a  monk  of  St.  Alban's,  of  the  12th 
cent.,  wrote  a  long  Latin  poem,  in  nine  books,  entit.  Archi- 
trenius,  Paris,  1517,  4to.  There  arc  two  MSS.  of  it  in  the 
Bodleian  Library,  with  some  epistles,  epigrams,  and  other 
poems,  by  the  same  author. 

Hanway,  James.  Brit.  Troops  in  America,  1760,  Svo. 

Hanway,  John.  1.  Psalini  Davidis  I.,  Ac,  Lon., 
1723,  fob;   1726,  Svo.     2.  Trans,  and  Poems,  1730,  Svo. 

Hanway,  Jonas,  1712-1786,  a  ntitive  of  Portsmouth, 
England,  resided  for  some  years  in  Russi.i,  engaged  in 
mercantile  business.  On  his  return  he  pub.  the  work  by 
which  ho  is  best  known  :  An  Hist.  Account  of  the  Brit. 
Trade  over  the  Caspian  Sea,  with  a  Jour,  of  Travels  from 
London  through  Russia  into  Persia,  and  back  agaiu 
through  Russia,  Germany,  and  Holland,  Lon.,  1753-54, 


IIAR 


HAR 


4  vols.  4to.  This  is  a  work  of  consideraUc  value;  but 
pome  years  later  Jonas  gave  to  the  worlJ  an  account  of  a 
niiu'h  less  extensive  tour,  viz. :  A  Journal  of  Eight  Days' 
Journey  from  Portsmouth  to  Kingston-upon-Thames, 
through  Southamiit"n.  Wiltshire,  &c.  To  whicli  is  added 
an  Essay  upon  Tea  and  its  pernicious  consequences,  1756, 
2  vols.  8vo.  Dr.  Johnson's  notice  of  these  works  deserves 
to  be  quoted  : 

'■Jonas,"  says  he.  " acquired  some  reputation  by  travelling 
abroad,  but  lost  it  all  by  travelling  at  hnriK'."' — BostocU's  Johnson: 

Where  see  also  the  account  of  Jdlinson's  defence  of  his 
favourite  beverage  against  Jonas's  onslaught  upon  it,  and 
the  good  philanthropist's  rejoinder. 

Hanway  took  a  lively  interest  in  the  promotion  of  reli- 
gion and  the  welfare  of  the  poorer  classes,  and  pub.  many 
treatises  upon  these  subjects.  See  Pui^h's  Life  of  Han- 
way; Johnson's  Works,  by  Hawkins;  AVatt's  Bibl.  Brit.; 
Fort-ter's  Life  of  Goldsmith;  McCuUoch's  Lit.  of  Polit. 
Econ. ;  Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  vol.  Ixv.  Jonas  de>;erves  a  kindly 
remembrance  every  rainy  day,  for  to  him  the  male  sex  are 
indebted  for  the  use  of  the  umbrella.  The  great  Christian 
institution  of  the  Sunday-iSchool,  which  no  Christian  or 
patriot  should  neglect,  found  a  zealous  advocate  in  the 
excellent  Hanway.  He  was  also  the  principal  founder  of 
the  Marine  Society  and  the  Magdalen  Hospital. 

Ilarbaugh,  Henry,  b.  1817,  Franklin  en.,  Penna., 
pastor  of  the  First  German  Reformed  Church.  Lancaster, 
Penna.  1.  Heaven;  or,  The  Sainted  Dead,  Phila.,  1848, 
12mo.  2.  Heavenly  Recognition  of  Friends,  1851,  12mo. 
3.  Heavenly  Home,  1853,  12mo.  4.  Birds  of  the  Bible, 
1854,  4to.  5.  Union  with  the  Church,  1856,  ISmo.  6. 
The  Fathers  of  the  German  Reformed  Church  in  Europe 
and  America.  1857-58,  3  vols.  12mo.  7.  The  Life  of  the 
Rev.  Michael  Schlatter,  1857,  12mo.  8.  The  True  Glory 
of  Woman,  1858, 12mo.  Mr.  Ilarbaugh's  works  have  been 
widely  circulated  and  highly  commended. 

Ilarbert,  Sir  Wni.,  Knt.  1.  Lett,  to  a  Roman  pre- 
tended Catholike,  Lon.,  15S6,  4to.  2.  Laudes  of  Sir  P. 
Sidney,  1580,  4to.  3.  Prophesie  of  Cadwallader,  last 
King  of  the  Britaines,  IfiOO,  4to.     Bindley,  £7  10». 

Harbin.  Rev.  George.     See  Bedford,  Hilkiah. 

Harbin,  Thomas.  Traveller's  Companion,  Lou., 
1702. 

Harby,  Isaac,  1788-1828,  a  native  of  Charleston, 
S.  C,  was  the  author  of  the  Gordian  Knot,  a  Play,  1807; 
Alberti,  a  Play ;  an  Address  before  the  Reformed  Society 
of  Israelites,  1825  ;  and  numerous  essays  in  the  periodi- 
cals of  the  day.  In  June,  1828,  he  removed  to  New  York, 
where  he  contributed  to  the  Evening  Post,  and  other 
Journals.  A  selection  from  his  Miscellaneous  Writings 
was  pub.  1829,  Charleston,  Svo,  by  Henry  L.  Pinckney 
and  Abraham  Moise.     See  Duyckincks"  Cyc.  of  Amer.  Lit. 

Harby,  Thomas.     Passages  of  Scripture,  1678,  fol. 

Harcourt,  James,  D.D.    Serms.,  1721,  '35.  both  4to. 

Harcourt,  Leveson  Vernon,  Chancellor  of  the 
Cathedral,  and  Preb.  of  York.  1.  The  Doctrine  of  the 
Deluge,  Lon.,  1838,  2  vols.  Svo.  A  valuable  work.  2.  A 
Remonstrance  to  the  Bp.  of  Exeter,  &c.,  1850,  Svo.  3. 
Leets.  on  the  Four  Gospels  Harmonized,  1851,  3  vols.  Svo. 

Harcourt,  Robert.  A  Relation  of  a  Voyage  to 
Guiana,  Lon.,  1613,  '26,  4to.  La  mcme,  traduite  en  Hol- 
landais,  Leydeu,  1707,  Svo.  This  will  be  also  found  entire 
in  the  Harleian  Miscell.,  and  a  portion  of  it  is  in  Pur- 
ehas's  Pilgrimes,  vol.  iv.  Lowndes,  by  a  misprint  doubt- 
less, raal;es  it  read  Voyage  to  Guinea! 

Hardcastle,  David,  Jr.  1. Letters  on  the  Currency, 
Lon.,  Svo.  2.  Banks  and  Bankers,  2d  ed.,  1S42,  p.  Svo. 
The  bankers  of  a  country — the  Hopes  and  Welles'  and 
Barings  of  the  Old  Worhl,  and  the  Wards,  the  Drcxels, 
the  Ciarks,  and  the  Corcorans  of  the  New — are  powerful 
auxiliaries  to  the  enterprise  and  energy  developed  in  the 
walks  of  Commerce  and  the  marts  of  Trade. 

Hardcastle,  Thomas.  Christian  Geography  and 
Arithmetic,  being  a  Survey  of  the  World  in  several  Serms., 
Lon.,  1674,  Svo. 

Hardcastle,  VVm.  1.  Genealog.  Text-Book;  Brit. 
Hist.,  Lon.,  ISmo.     2.  Cat.  of  Astronomy,  Ac,  1845,  ISmo. 

HarUeby,  Geoffrey,  an  Augustine  monk,  confessor 
to  Henry  II.",  and  Prof,  at  Oxford,  d.  1360,  wrote  Lects. 
on  the  O.  and  N.  Tests.,  A  Hist,  of  his  Order,  and  a  Tract 
on  Evangelical  Poverty. 

Hardie,  David.     Taxation  of  Coals,  Lon.,  1792,  Svo. 

Hardie,  Thomas,     Serms.,  Hawick,  1811. 

Hardiman,  J.  Hist,  of  the  Town  and  County  of 
Galwiiy,  Dubl.,  1S20,  4to. 

•'A  \;iluable  additiun  to  Irish  topography." 

Hardin,  Martin  D.,  of  Kentucky.     Rep.  of  Cases 


in    Court   of    Appeals,    Kentucky,    1S05-0S,    Frankfort, 
1810,  8v... 

Harding.     Farmers'  Account-Book  for  1816-17. 

Harding,  A.  An  Epitome  of  Universal  History  from 
the  Earliest  Period  to  1848.  Lon.,  1848,  Svo. 

*' Historical  charts,  and  a  copious  chronological  index  to  assist 
the  memory,  add  to  the  usefulness  of  this  epitome,  which  ia 
otherwise  well  calculated  for  the  purposes  of  inatructiou." — Lon. 
Lit.  Gazette. 

Harding,  J.  D.,  b.  1797,  an  artist  of  London,  has 
pub.  a  numl»cr  of  valuable  works,  among  which  are  Lessons 
on  Art,  The  Guidt-  and  Companion  to  the  Lessons  on  Art, 
Lessons  on  Trees,  Elementary  Art.  and  the  Principles  of 
Art.  Sketches  at  Home  and  Abroad:  60  tinted  drawings, 
imp.  fol. 

*' A  treasure-house  of  delight.  Here  Northern  Italy  yields  up 
its  architectural  glories  and  its  lake-scenery.  Venice  its  palaces, 
the  Tyrol  its  romantic  valleys  and  villages,  the  Rhenish  cities 
their  picturesque  beauty,  and  France  aud  England  their  greenest 
spots  of  remembrance." — Lon.  At'iev. 

See  Men  of  the  Time,  Lon.,  1S56 ;  Westm.  Rev..  April.l  855. 

Harding,  J.  W.  Sketches  in  North  Wales,  Lon., 
1810,  f.d. 

Harding,  or  Hardyng,  John,  an  old  English 
chronicler,  b.  l.'>78,  lived  at  least  to  the  age  of  87.  Ho 
was  employed  in  collecting  documents  for  the  purpose  of 
ascertaining  what  fealty  was  due  from  the  Scottish  kings 
to  the  kings  of  England,  and  is  said  to  have  forged  papers 
where  he  did  not  iind  what  he  looked  for:  but  it  is  pos- 
sible that  Harding  himself  was  deceived.  Certain  it  ia 
that  he  acquired  a  taste  for  such  researches,  and  drew  up 
a  Metrical  Chronicle  of  England  from  the  earliest  times 
to  the  reign  of  Henry  IV.  It  was  first  printed  by  Graf- 
ton, with  a  continuation  to  the  34th  year  of  Henry  VIII., 
by  the  same,  in  prose,  in  1543,  sm.  4to.  This  edit,  is  very 
rare;  the  Roxburghe  copy  was  sold  for  £13  13^*..  which 
wo  believe  to  have  been  the  highest  price  ever  paid  for  it. 
In  1812  a  new  ed.  was  pub.  in  r.  4to,  with  a  biographical 
and  literary  preface  by  Sir  Henry  Ellis.  To  this  preface, 
and  to  the  authorities  subjoined  below,  we  refer  the 
reader. 

''  This  work  is  almost  beneath  criticism,  and  fit  only  for  the  at- 
tention of  an  auti^juary.  Uaiding  may  be  prouounred  to  be  the 
most  impotent  of  our  metrical  historians,  especially  where  we 
recollect  the  great  improvements  wbifh  English  poetry  had  now 
received.  I  will  not  even  except  Robert  of  Gloucester,  who  lived 
in  the  infancy  of  taste  and  versification.  The  chronicle  of  this 
authentic  and  laborious  auu-ilist  has  hardly  those  more  modest 
graces  which  could  properly  recommend  and  adorn  a  detail  of 
the  British  story  in  prose.  He  has  left  some  pieces  in  prose;  and 
Winstanley  say.'^.  '  As  his  prose  was  very  usefull.  so  was  his  poetry, 
as  much  delightfull.'  I  am  of  opinion  that  both  his  prose  and 
poetry  are  equally  useful  aud  delightful.  What  can  be  more 
frigid  and  unanimated  than  these  lines? 

"  Kyng  Arthure  then  iu  Avalon  so  died,'  &c.  ?" 

Warton's  Hht.  of  Eng.  Poet.,  ed.  1840;  ii.  330. 

Good  old  Thomas  Fuller  estimates  Harding's  poetry  at 
a  much  higher  rate  : 

"In  my  judgment,  be  had  drank  as  hearty  a  draught  of  Helicon 
as  any  in  his  age." — Wortliii's  of  Yorkshire,  ed.  1840,  iii.  428. 

Mr.  Hallam  remarks  that,  whilst  Lydgate  and  Bishop 
Pecock  are  not  read  with  ease  by  the  modern  student,  the 
Paston  Letters,  Sir  John  Fortescue's  Discourse  on  Mon- 
archy, aud  Harding's  Chronicle,  present  scarcely  any 
difficulty.  See  Literary  Hist,  of  Europe,  ed.  1S54,  i.  311- 
312.  See  also  Brydges's  Phillips's  Theat.  Poet.  Anglic.  ; 
Bishop  Nicolson's  Eng.  Hist.  Lib. ;  Hibdin's  Typ.  Antiq. ; 
and  his  Lib.  Comp. 

Harding,  John,  late  Priest  and  Dominican  Fryar. 
A  Recantation  Serm.  on  Ps.  cxix.  71,  Lon.,  1620,  4to. 

"  Wherein  he  hath  declared  his  just  motives  which  have  moved 
him  to  leave  the  Clmrch  of  Rome." 

Harding,  John,  D.D.,  Bishop  of  Bombay,  1851; 
formerly  Rector  of  St.  Ann's,  Blackfriars.  1.  Scrm.,  Lon., 
1S37,  Svo.     2.  Serm.,  1841,  12mo. 

Harding,  Nathaniel.  Serms.,  Lon.,  1714,  '15,  both 
Svo. 

Harding,  S.  and  E,  1.  Shakspeare  illustrated  by 
Portraits  and  Views,  Lon.,  1793,  Svo.  2.  Biographical 
Mirrour,  1795-1810,  3  vols.  4to,  £7  lOs. 

Harding,  Samuel.  Sicily  and  Naples,  or  the  Fatall 
Union  ;  a  Traganly,  1040,  4to. 

Harding,  Samnci.  Coats  of  Arms  of  English  No- 
bility, Lon.,  1741.  4to. 

Harding,  or  Hardinge,  Thomas, D.D.,1512-1572, 
educated  at  and  Fellow  of  New  College,  Oxford,  Hebrew 
Prof,  of  the  Uuiv.  iu  1542,  became  a  zealous  Roman  Ca- 
tholic, and  wrote  seven  controversial  tracts  (1564-63)  in 
opposition  to  Bishop  Jewel. 

"  Each  writer.  Jewel  and  Hardinge,  was  considered  as  the 
champion  of  his  party,  and  each  allowed  hy  both  parties  to  dis- 
play great  ability  in  the  controversy." — Charles  Butler. 

Humphrey  thus  compares  them  : 

783 


HAR 


IIAR 


•' lu  inultis  pares  sunt  &  amljo  doctrinfe  &.  eloquentiie  gloria 
priecellentes." — Life  of  Ji'wi. 

See  Jewel,  John,  and  authorities  there  cited;  Bliss's 
Wood's  Athen.  Oxon. ;  Dodd's  Ch.  Hist. ;  Prince's  Wor- 
thies of  Devon  ;  Strype's  Cranmer;  Tanner;  Lowndes's 
Brit.  Lib.,  1038. 

Harding,  Thomas,  Variation  of  the  Needle ; 
Trans.  Irish  Acad.,  IT'JI. 

Harding,  Rev.  Thomas.  Edit,  of  Henrie  Bul- 
linger's  Fiftie  Gudlic  and  Learned  Serms.,  in  5  Decades; 
Parker  Society,  Camb.,  ]S49-51,  *tc.,  4  vols.  Svo.  See 
Strype's  Annals  of  the  Reform.;  Saxii  Onomasticon ; 
Vita  a  Sinilero;  Melchior  Adam  in  vitis  Thcolog. 

Hardinge,  C.  S.  Views  in  India,  Lon.,  1847,  imp. 
ful.     Pub.  £5  58.;  £7  7«. ;  £10  10«. 

Hardinge,  George,  174-1-1S16,  a  son  of  Nicholas 
Uardinge,  educated  at  Trin.  Coll.,  Camb.,  was  in  1787 
made  Senior  Justice  of  the  counties  of  Brecon,  Glamor- 
gan, and  Radmor,  and  in  1789  appointed  Attorney-Gene- 
ral to  the  Queen.  He  wrote  Letters  to  Burke  on  the 
impeachment  of  Hastings;  Chalmeriana, —  an  attack  on 
George  Chalmers's  Supji.  Apology  for  the  Believers  in  the 
Shakspeare  Papers,  18US,  8vo ;  the  Essence  of  Malone, — 
an  attack  on  Maloue's  Life  of  Dryden,  1800,  8vo,  2d  ed. 
same  year ;  Another  Essence  of  Malone, — an  attack  on 
Malone's  Shakspeare,  1801,  8vo ;  The  Filial  Tribute; 
Three  Serms.,  by  a  Layman ;  An  Essay  on  the  Character 
of  Jonathan;  The  Russian  Chiefs,  an  Ode,  1S14,  4to;  2d 
ed.,  same  year;  Memoirs  of  Dr.  Sneyd  Davics,  1817,  Svo. 
A  speech  of  his,  delivered  at  the  Bar  of  the  House  of 
Lords,  against  Fox's  East  India  Bill,  was  pub.  in  1783, 
Svo.  His  Miscellaneous  Works  in  Prose  and  Verse,  with 
the  life  of  the  author,  were  pub.  by  John  Nichols  in  1818, 
3  vols.  Svo,  q.  v.;  see  also  Nichols's  Lit.  Anec,  and  Har-  I 
DiNGE,  Nicholas. 

Hardinge,  Rev.  H,     Remarks  on  the  12th  and  14th 

Chaps,  of  1st  Epist.  to  the  Corinth.,  &c.,  Lon.,  1836,  Svo. 

"This  tract  elut-idates  certain  words  and  difficult  passages  in 

the  third  and  thirteenth  chapters  of  8t.  Paul's  First  jipistle  to  the 

Corinthians." — Hoi-nc's  BihI.  liih. 

Hardiuge,  Nicholas,  M.P.,  1700-1758,  father  of  G. 
Hardinge,  educated  at  King's  Coll.,  Camb.,  was  chief  clerk 
of  the  H.  of  Commons,  1731-62,  and  subsequently  appointed 
joint  Secretary  of  the  Treasury.  He  was  an  excellent 
classical  scholar  and  a  learned  antiquary.  Poems.  Latin, 
Greek,  and  English,  with  an  Essay  on  Govt.,  Lon.,  1818, 
Svo.  A  former  ed.  for  private  distribution  was  printed 
in  1780.  Collected  and  revised  by  George  Hardinge. 
See  Nichols's  Select  Collection  of  Poems,  1780,  Svo. 

Uardisway,  Peter,  M.D.  Med.  con.  to  Phil.  Trans., 
1723.  '27. 

Hardman,  Rev.  Ed.  Explan.  and  Prac.  Comment, 
on  the  N.  Test.,  Dubl.,  1830-32,  2  vols.  Svo.  New  ed.,  by 
Dalton,  1839,  2  vols.  Svo. 

"  They  contain  several  useful  hints  on  prophetical  passages,  pub- 
lished before  his  views  beramo  warped  by  Irvinj^ism."— Bickebsteth. 

Hardman,  F.  Trans,  of  Prof.  Weiss's  Hist,  of  the 
French  Protestant  Refugees,  Lon.,  1854,  Svo. 

"  We  hail  the  appearance  of  M.  Weiss's  book  with  pleasure." — 
EcHv.  Rev. 

Hardress,  Sir  Thomas,  Knt.  Rep.  of  Cases  in 
Exchcq.,  1664-80,  and  to  21  Chas.  IL,  Lon.,  1693,  fol.;  2d 
ed.,  Dubl,  1792,  fol. 

"  This  volume  contains  some  of  the  most  learnedly  argued  of 
the  old  Ut^ports." — (Ireen. 

See  Wallace's  Reporters,  3d  ed.,  1855,  201. 

Hardwick,  Charles,  Fellow  of  St.  Catherine's  Hall, 
and  Whitehall  Preacher.  1.  An  Hist.  Inq.  rel.  to  St. 
Catherine  of  Alexandria;  Camb.  Antiq.  Soc.  Pub.  in 
voL  XV.  2.  Hist,  of  the  Thirty-Nine  Articles,  Camb.,  1851, 
Svo.  3.  Twenty  Serms.  for  Town  Congregations,  1853,  cr. 
Svo.  4.  Hist,  of  the  Christian  Church,  7th  cent,  to  the  Re- 
formation, 1853,  p.  Svo.  Highly  commended  in  the  Brit. 
Quar.,  Nov.  1853  ;  Clerical  Jour.,  Sept.  22.  1853  ;  Chris.  Re- 
memh..  Oct.  1853;  Nonconformist,  Nov.  30,  1853;  Notes 
and  Queries,  Oct.  8.  1S53;  Spectator,  Sept.  17,  1853; 
Guardian.  April  12,  1854. 

Hardwick,  Humphrey.     Serms.,  Lon.,  1644. 

Hardwick,  Wni,     Serm..  Lon..  1638,  4to. 

Hardwicke,  Major-Geueral,  and  Mr.  Gray. 
lUustrutions  of  Indian  Zoology,  Lon.,  2  vols,  fob,  £21. 
See  Archieol.,  1785:  Trans.  Linn.  Soc,  1804. 

Hardwicke,  Earls  of.     See  Yorke. 

Hardy.     Duty  of  the  Customs,  1803. 

Hardy,  Miss.  Owen  Glendower;  an  Historical  Ro- 
mance. Lnii.,  1849,  2  vols.  p.  Svo. 

Hardy,  Lieut.  Sporting  Adventures  in  the  New 
World.  Lon..  1855,  2  vols.  p.  Svo. 

Hardy,  Francis,    Memoirs  of  the  Polit.  and  Private 

7t>4 


Life  of  James  Caulfield,  Earl  of  Charlemont,  Lon.,  1810, 
4to;  1812,  2  vols.  Svo. 

"  From  what  we  have  now  said,  the  reader  will  conclude  that 
we  think  very  favourably  of  this  book  :  and  we  do  think  it  both 
eutfitaining  and  instructive.  But — for  there  is  always  a  hut  in  a 
Reviewer's  praises — it  has  also  its  faults  and  its  imperfections;  and 
theae,  fllas !  so  p;reat  and  so  many,  that  it  requires  all  the  good-na- 
ture we  can  catch  by  sympathy  from  the  author  not  to  treat  him 
now  and  then  with  a  terrible  and  exemplary  severity." — Lord 
Jeffrey:  Eiiiu.  linv.,  xix.  96-128;  and  m  fas  AJisceUam'ts. 

"Not  that  these  Memoirs  of  Lord  Charlemont  form  a  complete 
Ilistniy  of  Ireland  during  the  life  of  that  nobleman :  that  is  what 
they  neither  are  nor  pretend  to  be,  but  they  afford  a  very  liberal 
and  entertaining  contribution  towards  it;  they  supply  a  great 
de.il  of  important  matter  which  is  not  to  be  obtained  from  any 
other  source." — Karl  Dudley:  Lrm.  Quar.  Jfn'.,  vi.  124-147. 

Mr.  Hardy  contributed  a  paper  on  the  Agamemnon  of 
j^lschylus  to  Trans.  Irish  Acad..  1788. 

Hardy,  H.  H.  Analytical  Researches  in  Spirit  Mag- 
netism, Lon..  1832,  Svo. 

Hardy,  Heury.     A  A''i.sion  from  the  Lord,  1792,  Svo. 

Hardy,  Horatio  Charles,     Register  of  Ships  in  E. 

1.  Co.'s  Service,  1760-1811,  Lon.,  ISll.  Revised  and  con- 
tinued by  his  son. 

Hardy,  J,     Memoirs  of  Lord  Nelson,  1806. 
Hardy,  James.     Arithmetic,  Lon.,  1760,  Svo. 
Hardy,  James,  M.B.     Colic,  &e.,  1788,  '90,  both  Svo. 
Hardy,  John.     1.  Voyage  to  Bermudas,  1G61,  4to. 

2.  Voyage  to  Barbadoes,  1671,  Svo. 

Hardy,  John  Stockdale,  Registrar  of  the  Arch- 
deaconry Courts  of  Leicester.     1.  Hours  of  Thought,  Lon., 

1840,  fp.  Svo.  2.  Palace  of  Phantasy  and  other  Poems, 
1845,  fp.  Svo.  3.  Literary  Remains,  edited  by  John  Gough 
Nichols,  1852,  Svo. 

"A  very  pleasing  work,  which  will  suit  ConseiTative  politicians 
and  antiquaries,  whilst  it  affords  matter  interesting  to  the  I.ccle- 
siastical  Lawyer." — Lon.  Law  M-igazhie,  J/a.v,  1852. 

Hardy,  Jos.  Tour  in  the  Mts.  of  the  Pyrenees,  Lon., 
r.  Svo. 

Hardy,Nathaniel,D.D.,  101 S-1670,  entered  at  Mag- 
dalen Hall.  Oxford.  ]f).S2:  became  minister  of  St.  Dionis 
Back- Church  and  Vicar  of  St.  Mart in's-in-t he-Fields ; 
Archdeacon  of  Lewes  and  Dean  of  Rochester,  1660. 
Serms.,  1G46-66.  First  Epist.  General  of  John  unfolded 
and  applied,  1656,  4to.     A  Puritan  exposition. 

Hardy,  Philip  Dixon.  1.  Wellington;  a  Poem, 
1814,  4to.  2.  Holy  Wells  of  Ireland,  1841,  ISmo.  3.  Uni- 
tarianism  Unmasked.  4.  The  Northern  Tourist.  5.  The 
Philosophy  of  Christianity :  2d  ed.,  1847, 12mo.  6.  Popery  in 
Ireland  in  1846-47,  Svo  ;"l847.  7.  Tourist  through  Ireland, 
1858.  Mr.  ILirdy's  name  is  widely  known  in  connexion  with 
the  Dublin  Penny  Journal  and  other  literary  enterprises. 

Hardy,  R.  Spence,  AVesleyan  Missionary.  1.  The 
British   Government  and   the   Idolatry  of  Ceylon,  Lon., 

1841,  Svo.     2.  Eastern  Monachism,  Lon.,  IS50,  Svo. 

"  The  volume  deserves  an  European  circulation." — Lon.  Chris- 
tian I'ime.t. 

Hardy,  Lieut.  R.  W.  H.  Travels  in  the  Interior 
of  Mexico  in  1825-28,  Lon.,  1829.  Svo.  Hardy  was  de- 
puted to  take  charge  of  a  Pearl  Fishery  in  the  Gulf  of 
California.  His  book  gives  interesting  accounts  of  Guay- 
mas,  Sonora,  and  Lower  California.  It  is  illustrated  with 
maps,  and  a  chart  of  the  junction  of  the  rivers  Gila  and 
Colorado,  &c. 

"  This  work  is  certainly  one  of  the  most  curious  and  interesting 
that  has  ever  appeared  on  the  subject  of  this  interesting  country. 
It  seems  that  the  author  travelled  far  into  the  interior,  and  ex- 
plored many  parts  never  before  visited  by  a  European." — Court 
JoitrnaJ. 

*'An  exceedingly  interesting  book,  abounding  in  miscellaneoua 
information  and  anecdote." — United  Service  Jour. 

Hardy,  Rev,  Robert.     Nature  of  Baptism. 

Hardy,  Samuel,  1720-179."^,  Rector  of  Blakenham 
Parva,  Suffolk,  pub.  some  astronom.  and  theolog.  works, 
1752-83,  among  which  arc: — 1.  Principal  Prophecies  of 
the  0.  and  N.  Tests.,  Lon.,  1770,  Svo.  2.  New  Trans,  of 
St.  Paul's  Epist.  to  the  Hebrews,  1783,  Svo. 

"The  alterations  of  the  common  translation  in  the  version  of 
the  Hebrews  are  not  very  numerous,  yet  they  are  sometimes 
rather  free.  The  notes  are  short,  and  the  doctrine  orthodox." — 
Orme's  Bill.  Bib. 

3.  Novum  Testamentum  Graecum  Scholisis  Theologicus 
et  Philologicus,  2  vols.  Svo;  Londini,  1768;  2d  ed.,  1776; 
3ded..  1820. 

*'  It  was  a  very  useful  companion  to  every  biblical  student,  and 
has  gone  through  two  editions,  (the  2d  in  177G.1  the  lirst  of  which 
is  the  best;  but  it  must  be  acknowledj^ed  that  the  Greek  text  in 
both  is  inexcusably  incorrect.-' — Dr.  Clarke. 

"The//*(/(7  edition  of  this  work  is  the  most  correct :  it  is  beauti- 
fullv  printed.  The  notes  are  chiefly  extracted  from  Poole's  Synop- 
sis.''_i/„nu'5  BihI.  Bib. 

"Hardy  does  not  assign  them  [the  notes]  to  their  rt>spertive 
authors,  and  the  doctrines  which  they  contain  are  not  always  very 
correct." — Onnt's  Bibl.  Bib. 


HAR 


HAR 


Hardy,  Thomas,  D.D.  The  Patriot,  with  Observ. 
on  the  writings  ol   T.  Paine,  2il  ed.,  EJin.,  1793,  Svo. 

Hardy,  T.  UuH'us,  Assistant  Keeper  of  the  Public 
KecorJs.  1.  A  Uescrip.  of  the  Close  Rolls  in  the  Tower 
of  London,  Lon.,  1S:)3,  Svo.     Privately  printed. 

"This  volume  contains  Mr.  IK^riiy 's  Introduction  prefixed  to 
the  Close  Rolls,  printed  Ity  order  of  bis  Majesty's  Commissioners 
fir  Pulilic  Hecords."— .tfdrtm's  Cat.  of  Privaldi  I'rinttd  ISooks,  2d 
ed ,  1S54,  442. 

2.  A  Cat.  of  Lord-Chancellors,  Keepers  of  the  Great 
Seal,  Masters  of  the  Rolls,  and  Principal  Officers  of  the 
High  Ct.  of  Cliancery,  from  the  earliest  period  to  the  pre- 
Bent  time,  184.3,  Svo.     260  copies  printed. 

3.  Monumenta  llistorica  Britannica,  by  IT.  Petrie,  J. 
Sharpe,  and  T.  D.  Hardy,  1849,  fol.  4.  Memoirs  of  Rt. 
Hon.  Lord  Langdale,  1852,  2  vols.  Svo.  5.  New  ed.  of  Le 
Neve's  Fasti  Ecclesia!  Anglicann;,  corrected  and  continued 
from  1715  to  the  present  time,  0.xf.,  1854,  3  vols.  Svo.  A 
most  valuable  work. 

Hardy,  Win.     Time-Keepers,  1806-08. 

Hardyng,  John.     See  Hahding. 
Hare  and  Skiuuer.     The  Silk-Worm;  Trans.  Amer. 
Soc,  ii.  347. 

Hare,  Mrs.  Dilapidations  of  the  Palace  at  Chichester 
impartially  stated,  Lon.,  1742,  4to. 

Hare,  Augustus  J.  C.  Epitaphs  for  Country  Church- 
yards, Lon.,  1856. 

"  We  commend  Mr.  Hare's  little  book  very  willinirlv — especially 
to  the  country  clerfiy.''— it-n.  Athettfruw.  Miij  3.  1S5C. 

Hare,  Augustus  William,  late  Fellow  of  New  Col- 
lege, and  Rector  of  Alton-Barnes  since  1829,  d.  at  Rome 
in  1834,  aged  40.  Scrms.  to  a  Country  Congregation,  Lon., 
1837,  2  vols.  Svo;  7th  ed.,  1851,  2  vols.  12mo.  1 

•'  Very  striking  and  useful." — Bickerslfth's  Chris,  .^tti.  ! 

"They  are.  in  truth,  as  it  appears  to  us,  on  the  whole,  composi- 
tions of  very  rare  merit  in  their  kind." — Loji.  Quar.  itVc.  lix.  3:3-48. 

_'•  All  HL-iy  read  them  with  profit:  hut  to  cleri^ymen.  if  studied 
withdiscretion.  they  amy  prove  serviceable  in  uo  common  degree." 
•~Lott.  Cliris.  Observer. 

"These  volumes  present  us  with  the  workings  of  a  pious  and 
highly-gifted  mind." — British  Mug. 

"Of  recent  writer.s  there  is  none  with  whom  we  are  acquainted 
who,  in  point  of  ibction.  so  well  deserves  to  be  a  model,  as  the  iate 
Augustus  William  Hare." — Edin.  Rfv.,  Ixxii.  C6-9S. 

JMr.  Hare  was  one  of  the  authors  of  Guesses  at  Truth  by 
Two  Brothers:  see  Hare,  JrLirs  Charlks. 

Hare,  Rev.  Edward  Wesley.  1.  Treat,  on  Justi- 
fication, 2d  ed.,  with  a  Pref.  Ijy  Thos.  Jackson,  Lon.,  1839, 
12mo.  Highly  esteemed  liy  the  Wesleyan  Methodists. 
2.  Preservative  against  the  Errors  of  Socinianism,  Svo. 
Written  in  reply  to  Mr.  Grundy  of  Manchester. 

"The  author  [Hare]  was  an  acute  reasoner,  and  very  familiar 
with  the  holy  scriptures."— flr.  E.  Williams's  C.  P. 

Hare,  Francis,  D.D.,  d.  1740,  a  native  of  London, 
admitted  of  King's  Coll.,  Camb.,  where  he  subsequently 
became  tutor,  1688;  Dean  of  AVorcester,  1708;  Dean  of 
St.  Paul's,  1726  ;  Bishop  of  St.  Asaph,  1727  ;  trans,  to  Chi- 
chester, 1731.  To  Dr.  Hare  as  a  classical  critic  and  as  a 
theologian  we  have  already  had  occasion  to  allude  in  our 
lives  of  Richard  Bpistlev,  see  p.  171 ;  .\nthony  Colli.vs, 
see  p.  412;  and  Thomas  Edwards,  see  p.  548.  We  may 
readily  believe  that 

"  Hare  was  excessively  piqued  at  the  utter  annihilation  of  his 
Terence  and  Phadrus.  the  one  soon  after  its  hirth.  the  other  before 
its  birlh.  hy  lientley's  edition  of  both  together  in  1726,  who  never 
once  names  H.ire." 

For  further  information  respecting  this  learned  critic 
— for  such  he  certainly  was,  though  no  Bentley — consult 
authorities  referred  to  below.  He  took  a  lively  interest  in 
the  Bangorian  Controversy,  and  pub.  a  number  of  pieces 
against  Hoadly,  which  were  included  in  the  collective  ed. 
of  his  Works,  1746,  4  vols.  Svo.  Again,  1755,  4  vols.  Svo. 
The  following  works  of  his  deserve  a  special  notice: 

1.  Difficulties  and  Discouragements  which  attend  the 
Stndy  of  the  Scriptures  in  the  Way  of  Private  Judgment, 
1714,  '35,  '45,  Svo. 

"With  all  the  merit  of  this  beautiful  satire,  I  believe  that  had 
the  author  foreseen  that  the  liberty  which  animates  this  line-turned 
piece  of  raillery  would  have  given  scandal  to  any  good  man,  he 
would  have  made  abatement  in  the  vigour  of  his  wit  and  argu- 
ments."— Bp.  WARaCFlToN. 

2.  Psalmomm  Liber  in  Versiculas  Metriee  divisus,  etc., 
1736,  2  vols.  Svo. 

"This  work  does  more  honour  to  the  genius  and  industry  of  the 
author  than  to  his  judgment.  That  the  Psalms  are  poetical  is  very 
obvious;  but  that  they  are  constmcted  on  similar  piinciples  with 
Greek  and  Latin  verse  tlie  learned  bishop  has  failed  to  prove.  The 
true  pronunciation  of  Hebrew  is  irrecoverably  lost,  and  the  dis- 
cussions of  Meibomlus.  Gomarus.  and  Le  Clerc.  have  thrown  little 
light  on  it.  The  hypothesis  of  Uare  met  with  an  .ible  antagonist 
in  Bishop  Lowth,  and  a  defender  in  Dr.  Edwards."^0r?/ie'si?(6i. 
Bth. 

Mr.  Orme  refers  to  Bishop  Lowth's  Metrics!  Hareanae 
brevis  Confutatio,  annexed  to  his  Lectures,  De  Sacra  Poesi 

60 


Hcbrteornm.  The  Edwards  whom  he  names  is  Thomofl 
Edwards,  in  whose  life  we  have  already  referred  to  this 
controversy.  See  Whiston's  Life;  Swil't's  Works ;  Cole's 
MS.  Athenas  in  Brit.  Mus. ;  Gent.  Mag. ;  Blackwood's  Mag., 
xxviii.  653. 

Hare,  Henry,  Lord  Coleraine.  A  Scale  of  Devotions, 
musical  and  gradual ;  or,  Descants  on  the  15  Psalms  of 
Degrees,  Lon.,  1681,  fol. 

Hare,  Henry,  Lord  Coleraine,  169.3-1749.  a  profound 
scholar  :ind  learned  antiquary,  jiub.  a  poem  in  the  Acade- 
mia;  Ox(»niensis  Comitia  Piiilologica,  1713,  and  in  the 
Musie  Anglicana,  iii.  403,  under  the  title  of  Musarum  ob- 
latio  ad  Rcginam. 

Hare,  Hugh.  1.  A  Charge  at  Sessions.  2.  The  Con- 
spiracy of  Ficschi,  trans,  from  the  Italian  of  Mascardi, 
Lon.,  1693,  Svo. 

Hare,  J.  I.  Clark,  and  Wallace,  Horace  Bin- 
ney.  1.  American  Leading  Cases  in  Law,  Phila.,  2  vols, 
Svo.  1847 ;  3d  ed.,  1852.  2.  Smith's  (J.  W.)  Leading  Cases 
in  Law,  4th  Amer.  from  the  3d  Lon.  ed.,  with  addits.,  1S52, 
2  vols.  Svo.  3.  White  (F.  T.)  and  Tudor's  (0.  D.)  Leading 
Cases  in  Equity,  with  addits.,  2d  Amer.  ed.,  1852,  3  vols. 
Svo.  4.  The  New  English  Exchequer  Reports,  35  vols, 
pub.  to  1S55. 

"I  scarcely  know  of  any  volumes  which  I  deem  of  more  im- 
portance or  value  for  a  professional  library.'* — Joseph  Stoht. 

See  Wallace,  Horace  Binney. 

Hare,  James,  d.  1808.     Serms.,  Ac,  1797-1809. 

Hare,  John.  St.  John's  Ghost ;  or,  Anti-Normanisme, 
Lon..  1647.  4to.     Reprinted  in  the  Harleian  Miscellany. 

Hare,  Julius  Charles,  Rector  of  Huratmonceaux, 
Archdeacon  of  Lewis,  a  Canon  of  Cliichester,  Chaplain  to 
the  Queen,  and  late  Fellow  of  Trinity  Coll.,  Camb..  d.  1855, 
aged  59.  Tliis  learned  gentleman  pub.  The  Mission  of  the 
Comforter,  The  Victory  of  Faith,  and  other  sermons,  a 
number  of  theological  and  other  works.  He  is  best  known 
to  general  readers  as  one  of  the  authors — in  conjunction 
with  his  brother,  Augustus  William  Hare,  and  others — of 
Guesses  at  Truth,  and  as  joint  translator  with  Bishop 
Thirlwall  of  vols.  i.  and  ii.  of  Niebuhr's  History  of  Rome. 

The  1st  ed.  of  Guesses  at  Truth  appeared  in  1827,  and 
the  3d  in  1847:  Series  Second,  2d  ed.,  1848.  Thirlwall 
and  Hare's  trans,  from  Niebuhr  was  first  pub.  in  1828-32, 
2  vols.  Svo.  A  new  ed.  was  issued  in  1855.  In  IS4S  Mr. 
Hare  edited  the  Essays  and  Tales  of  John  Sterling,  with  . 
a  Memoir  of  his  Life,  in  2  vols.  12mo.  Mr.  Carlyle  evinced 
but  little  satisfaction  with  the  labours  of  the  editor.  For 
further  information  respecting  Arclideacon  Hare  and  his 
literary  labours,  see  Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  April,  1855.  424- 
425;  Sir  Wm.  Hamilton's  Discussions;  Hallam's  Literary 
Hist,  of  Europe,  4th  ed.,  i.  298-301,  n. ;  M.adden's  Life  of 
the  Countess  of  Blessington;  Edin.  Rev.,  Jan.  1833:  Lon. 
Quar.  Rev.,  July,  1855;  Eclec.  Rev.,  4th  Ser.,  xxv.  657; 
Blackw.  Mag.,  xlii.  92  ;  xliii.  2S7-2SS;  Longman's  Notes 
on  Books,  Aug.  and  Nov.  1855. 

Hare,  Robert,  .M.D.,  1781-1858, an  eminent  chemist. 
Emeritus  Prof,  of  Chemistry  in  the  University  of  Penn- 
sylvania. He  distinguished  himself  by  a  number  of 
important  scientific  discoveries,  among  which  the  agency 
of  the  compound  hydro-oxygen  in  obtaining  a  greater 
amount  of  heat  than  had  ever  before  been  developed  is 
perhaps  the  best  known.  This  discovery  was  made  by  Dr. 
Hare  when  he  was  but  about  twenty -one  years  of  age.  In 
1810  he  pub.  a  pamphlet  entitled  Brief  View  of  the  Policy 
and  Resources  of  the  United  States,  and  he  is  the  author 
of  more  than  one  hundred  and  fifty  papers  contributed  to 
various  periodicals.  His  last  publication  was  Spiritualism 
Scientifically  Demonstrated,  N.  York,  1865,  Svo. 

Hare,  Samuel.  1.  Practical  Observations  on  Curva- 
tures of  the  Spine,  3d  ed.,  Lon.,  IS49,  Svo. 

"  We  therefore  unhesitatingly  commend  his  work  as  a  truthful 
and  trustworthy  statement  of  the  power  of  scientific  Surgery  and 
Medicine  over  some  of  the  most  grievous  hindrances  to  human 
activity  and  industry." — Lon.  Mudical  Gfuettf.. 

2.  Physical  Education  of  Children,  1852,  Svo. 

Hare,  Thomas.     Serms.,  1747-48. 

Hare,  Thomas.     Con.  to  Trans.  Hort.  Soc,  1S17. 

Hare,  Thomas.  1.  Discovery  of  Evidence.  Lon., 
1836,  Svo;  N.  York,  1836,  Svo.  2.  Rep.  in  Chancery, 
1841-62.  8  vids.  Svo.  3.  In  conjunction  with  H.  J.  Nicholl 
and  J.  M.  Carrow,  Cases  rel.  to  Railways  and  Canals  is 
Law  and  Equity,  1835-52,  6  vols.  Svo. 

Harewood,  Harry.     Diet,  of  Sports,  Lon.,  12mo. 

Harflete,  Henry.  1.  A  Banquet  of  Essayes,  ic,  Lon., 
1653.  suL  8vo.  2. Vox  Ccelorum  ;  Predictions  Defended,  Svo. 

Harford,  Charles  Joseph.  Antiquities  found  in 
Somersetsliire:  Archicol.,  1N03. 

Harford,  John  S.     The   Life  of  Thomas   Burgess, 


HAR 


D.D.,  late  Lord-Bishop  of  Salisbury,  2d  ed.,  Lon.,  1841, 
fp.  8vo. 

"One  of  the  most  pleasing,  as  well  as  instructive.  Tolumes  of 
Christian  and  ecclesiastical  biography  which  of  late  years  has 
issued  from  the  press.  The  Christian  reader  will  peruse  it  with 
deli^rht  and  pratitude;  and  ecclesiastics  of  every  rank  may  read  ic 
for  their  fjuidance  and  instruction." — Lon.  Qiiar.  iiVc. 

""Written  in  the  clear,  simple,  and  unaffected  style  which  be- 
comes biography;  and  is  interesting  at  once  from  its  subject,  and 
from  the  various  letters  and  anecdotes  it  contains  of  literary  and 
ecclesiastical  contemporaries." — British  Critic. 
'■.\  very  interesting  memoir." — Britisli  Mag. 
See  BriiGESs,  TiioHAS,  D.D. 

Harford,  Raph.  A  fJospel  Engine;  or.  Streams  of 
Love  and  Pity  to  quench  and  prevent  new  flames  in  Eng- 
land. Lon.,  1(549,  fol. 

Hargrave,  A.  Collegiate  Physicians,  Lon.,  1676,  4to. 
Hargrave,  Ely.  See  IlAnoRovE. 
Hargrave,  Francis,  1741-1821,  an  eminent  law- 
writer,  educated  at  the  Univ.  of  O.\ford,  has  been  already 
noticed  in  our  lives  of  Chablks  BuTLEn,  Sir  El)^VABD  Coke, 
and  Sir  IMatthew  Hale.  He  removed  to  Lincoln's  Inn  in 
1764,  and  in  1772  distinguished  himself  in  the  Habeas 
Corpus  of  James  Somersett,  a  negro  for  whom  he  was 
counsel.  In  addition  to  his  labours  upon  Coke  on  Little- 
ton, his  ed.  of  Hale's  Jurisdiction  of  tlie  Lords*  House  of 
Parliament,  and  the  published  report  of  the  case  of  So- 
mersett, his  best-known  works  are — 1.  An  Argument  in  De- 
fence of  Literary  Property,  1774,  or.  8vo.  2.  Collec.  of 
State  Trials,  1776,  11  vols,  fob;  usually  bound  in  6. 
Howell's  State  Trials  is  the  best  collection :  see  the  article 
State  Trials  in  Marvin's  Leg.  Bibl.,  660-661,  and  authori- 
ties there  cited  ;  and  see  Howell,  T.  B.,  in  this  Dictionary. 
3.  A  Collection  of  Tracts  rel.  to  the  Law  of  England,  from 
MSS.  never  before  pub.,  1787,  4to.  See  3  Kent,  426;  4 
Barn.  &  Cres.,  605;  15  East,  304;  5  Barn.  &,  Aid.,  285; 
Hofi'.  Leg.  Stu..  186;  Brooke's  Bib.  Leg.  Ang.,  241;  SO 
Lon.  Month.  Rev.,  484.  4.  Collectanea  Juridica;  con- 
sisting of  Tracts  rel.  to  the  Law  and  Constitution  of  Eng- 
land, "Titles  of  Honour,  and  Constitutional  Subjects,  1791- 
92,  2  vols.  8vo.  5.  Judicial  Arguments  and  Collections, 
1797-99,  2  vols.  4to.  6.  Juris  Consult  E.xcercitations ; 
consisting  of  Tracts  upon  the  Laws  of  England.  Titles  of 
Honour,  and  Constitutional  Subjects,  1811-13,  3  vols.  4to. 
Mr.  Hargrave  was  possessed  of  a  vast  fund  of  legal  eru- 
dition. 

'•  His  leg.al  power,  ,ind  the  extent  of  his  knowledge,  have  rarely 
been  e(inalled.  and  perhaps  never  surpassed." 

"Mr.  Ilargiave.  a  gentleman  of  great  and  profound  learning, 
than  whom  no  man  that  ever  lived  was  more  conversant  with  the 
law  of  the  country." — Spf.fch  of  Lord  Lyndtiiirst  on  Life-J\-craf/e 
in  EngJoiid.  dt'livered  in  ttoi  Housp.  of  Lords,  Feb.  7,  1856. 

Mr.  Hargrave's  valuable  Law  Library  was  purchased  by 
Government  in  1813  for  £8000,  and  was  deposited  in  the 
British  Museum. 

Hargrave,  J.  F.     Thelluson  Act.  Lon.,  1842,  8vo. 
o  Mr.  Hargrave  has  treated  his  very  difficult  subject  with  much 
learning  and  acuteness." — 6  Jurid,  426. 

Hargraves,  Edmiin«l  Hammond,  the  Discoverer 
of  the  tJold-Fields  in  Australia.  Australia  and  its  Gold- 
Ficlds,  Lon.,  1855,  p.  Svo.  See  Men  of  the  Time,  Lon., 
1856. 

Hargraves,  James.     Serms.,  1723,  '24,  both  4to. 
Hargreaves,  James.     Family  Religion,  1811. 
Hargreaves,  James.      Theolog.  Essays,  &c.,  Lon., 
Svo. 

Hargreaves,  Robert.     Serms.,  1745,  '46,  both  Svo. 
Hargreaves,    Thomas.     Colours    for    the    Artist, 
Phil.  Mag.,  1S14. 

Hargrove,  Ely.      1.  Hist,   of   Knaresborough,  ic, 

1769,    12mo;     6th    ed.,    1809,    12nio.       2.   Anecdotes    of 

-Archery, 1792, 12nio.    3. Yorkshire  (Tazetteer,  1806, sm. Svo. 

Hargrove,  George,  or  Hargroves,  W.    Surgeon. 

Islands  of  AValcheren  and  South  Beveland,  Lon.,  1812,  4to. 

Hargrove,  VV.      Hist,  and  Descrip.  of  the   City  of 

York.     York,  1818,  3  vols.  r.  Svo. 

Harington,  E.  C,  Prcb.  and  Chancellor  of  the 
Cathedral  Church  of  E.xefer.  1.  Notes  on  the  Church  of 
Scot.  1555-1842,  Edin.,  1843,  Svo.  2.  Consecration  of 
Churclics,  1844,  '47,  Svo.  3.  Succession  of  Bishops  in  the 
Ch.  of  Eng.  unbroken,  1846,  '52,  Svo.  4.  Serms.  on  Apos- 
tolical Succession,  1847,  Svo.  5.  Reformers  of  Ang.  Ch., 
and  Macaulay's  England,  Svo.  6.  Rcconsecration,  tfec.  of 
the  Churches,  1850,  Svo.  7.  The  Bull  of  Pius  IX.,  1850, 
Svo.  8.  Letter,  &c.  of  the  LV.  Canon  in  1S51,  Svo.  9.  A 
Few  Words  in  Answer  to  the  Rev.  W.  Goode's  Reply  to 
Archdeacon  Churton  and  Chancellor  Harington  on  the 
LV.  Canon,  etc.,  1852,  Svo.  10.  Serm.,  Acts  xxiv.  4, 
1852,  Svo. 
Harington,  Henry,  M.D.  See  Harrington. 
7ti« 


EAR 

Harington,  Rev.  Henry.     See  Harrington. 
Harington,  John  Herbert.     See  Harrington. 
Hariot,  Thomas.     See  Harriot. 
Harkey,  S.  W,,  Lutheran    Pastor,    Frederick,   Md. 
1  Address  before  Phrenakosraian  Society  of  Pennsylvania 
College,  Gettysburg,   1837.      2.  Lutheran  Sund.ay-School 
Question-Book,    Fredericktown,   1838.       3.  The  Visitor, 
editor,  Frederick,  1840.    4.  Translation  of  Starke's  Prayer- 
Book.     5.  The   Church's    Best  State.     6.  Sermon  on   the 
Death  of  Gen.  Harrison.     7.  Sermon  on  National  Thanks- 
giving.    8.  Prisons  for  Women. 

Harkness,  Albert.  1.  Arnold's  First  Latin  Book, 
N.York,  12mo.  2.  Second  Latin  Book,  1853, 12mo.  These 
manuals  have  been  highly  commended  by  distinguished 
professors  in  a  number  of  colleges. 

Harkness,  J.     Con.  to  Med.  Chir.  Trans.,  1811. 
Harkness,  Rev.  J.     Messiah's  Throne  and  King- 
dom, N.  York,  1853,  12nio. 

Harlan,  J.,  of  Philadelphia.  Memoir  of  India  and 
Affghanistan,  Phila.,  1842,  12mo.  See  Lon.  Athenaeum, 
1842,  779-781. 

Harlan,  Richard,  M.D.,  of  Philadelphia.     1.  Fauna 
Americana,   Phila.,  1S25,  Svo.     2.  Medical  and  Physical 
Researches,  1835,  Svo.     Various  medical  and  other  essays. 
Harlaud,  Marion.     See  Hawes,  Miss  Mary  Vir- 
ginia. 

Ilarle,  Jonathan,  M.D.  An  Hist,  Essay  on  the 
State  of  Physic  in  the  0.  and  N.  Test,  and  the  Apocry- 
phal Interval,  Lon.,  1729,  Svo. 

Harley.  Justification  of  the  H.  of  Com.,  1701,  foL 
Harley,  Sir  Edward.  An  Essay  towards  the  Set- 
tlement of  Peace  ami  Truth  in  the  Church,  Lon.,  1681, 
4to.  Wo  presume  this  work  to  be  the  production  of  the 
elder  Edward  Harley,  father  of  Robert,  Earl  of  Oxford, 
and  of  the  succeeding. 

Harley,  Hon.  Edward,  brother  to  Robert,  Earl  of 
Oxford.  1.  An  Essay  for  composing  a  Harmony  between 
the  Psalms  and  other  Parts  of  the  Scripture,  Ac,  Lon., 
1724,  r.  4to;  1732,  Svo.     Anon. 

"This  is  a  book  of  piety  rather  than  of  learning."— Orme's  BiW. 
Bib. 

2.  Harmony  of  the  Four  Gospels,  1733,  Svo.     Anon. 
"  Both  works  are  creditable  to  the  author's  acquaintance  with 
the  Scriptures." — Orme:   ubi  supra. 

The  two  were  pub.  with  Harley's  Abstract  of  the  His- 
torical Part  of  the  0.  Test.,  ic,  and  Observ.  thereupon, 
by  the  Bishop  of  Sodor  and  Man,  in  1735,  2  vols.  Svo. 
Vol.  ii.  includes  the  two  works  first  noticed. 

Harley,  George.  Circumstances  respecting  the  late 
Charles  Montford,  Esq.,  1804,  Svo. 

Harley,  George  Davies,  a  comedian,  pub.  a  num- 
ber of  Poems,  Ac,  1787-1806. 

Harley,  Robert,  Earl  of  Oxford  and  Mortimer, 
16B1-1724.  eldest  son  of  Sir  Edward  Harley,  and  a  dis- 
tinguished statesman,  was  an  eminent  patron  of  letters 
and  a  great  collector  of  literary  treasures.  His  library 
was  perhaps  the  most  extensive  ever  collected  by  a  private 
individual,  with  the  exception  of  that  of  Richard  Heber. 
The  Ilarleian  Collection  of  MSS.  was  purchased  by  the 
government  for  £10,000,  and  is  now  deposited  in  the  British 
Museum.  An  Index  to  the  Haideian  Collection  of  MSS. 
was  pub.  in  1759-63.  2  vols.  fol.  But  a  very  complete 
one,  compiled  by  Messrs.  Wanley,  Casley,  Hooker,  Nares, 
Shaw,  and  Douce,  was  pub.  in  1808,  3  vols.  fol.  Another 
vol.— being  Indices  of  Persons,  Places,  and  Matters,  by 
the  Rev.  Dr.  T.  Hartwell  Home — was  pub.  in  ISOS,  foL 
This  catalogue  was  formerly  sold  at  £8  Ss.  It  is  now 
(1S56)  worth  £2  2«.  Every  historical  and  legal  student 
should  have  it  in  his  library. 

"  This  Catalogue  is  a  key  to  inexhaustible  sources  of  informa- 
tion on  almost  every  subject;  but  to  those  who  are  interested  in 
historical,  antiquarian,  or  biographical  literature,  it  is  indispens- 
able, and,  as  well  as  the  Cottoniau  and  Lansdowne  Catalogues, 
will  well  repay  an  attentive  peru.sal;  for  so  infinite  is  the  variety 
of  the  subjects  which  occur,  that  the  gener.al  Indexes  furnish  but 
an  imperfect  idea  of  the  contents  of  these  matchless  collections," 
■ — Sir  N.  Harris  Nicolas:  see  a  Descrip.  of  the  Contents,  Ac,  of 
the  various  Works  printed  by  Authority  of  the  Kecord  Commis- 
sion, Lon..  1831,  Svo. 

The  Printed  Books  of  the  Harleian  Library  were  pur- 
chased by  Thomas  Osborne,  the  bookseller.  He  gave  only 
£13,000  for  the  collection  ;  although  Lord  Oxford  had  ex- 
pended £18,000  on  the  binding  only  of  the  least  part  of 
them  !  Osborne  employed  Dr.  Johnson,  Oldys,  and  Mattaire, 
to  prepare  a  catalogue  of  this  noble  collection.  It  appeared 
in  1743-45,  6  vols.  Svo,  uuder  the  title  of  Catalogus  Biblio- 
thccsB  Harleiana;  in  Locos  Communes  distributus,  cum 
Indico  Auctorum.  The  Latin  dedication  to  Lord  Cartaret 
was  written  by  Mattaire;    vols.  i.  and  ii.,  in  Latin,  were 


HAR 


HAR 


written  by  Dr.  Johnson  :  vols.  iii.  nnd  iv.,  which  nro  a 
repetition  in  English  of  the  two  former,  were  prepared 
hy  Oldys.  Vol.  v.  does  not  properly  belong  to  the  other 
four,  as  it  is  simply  an  enumeration  of  Osborne's  old 
stock.  The  Preface,  which  was  originally  issued  as  a 
Prospectus  to  the  work,  was  written  by  Johnson: 

*'llis  account  of  that  celebrated  cnllfction  of  books,  in  which 
he  displays  the  importance  to  literature  of  what  the  French  call  a 
catahiiftte  ranfmn^t;  when  the  subjects  of  it  are  extensivi*  and 
T;iiious.  and  it  is  executed  with  ability,  canrmt  fail  to  impress  all 
hi^  nridiTS  with  admiration  of  his  philological  attainments." — 
lldswLLr. :  Li/f  I'f  Dr.  Johnson. 

'•  In  my  humble  apprehension,  the  preface  is  unworthy  of  the 
d'ictor :  it  cnntnins  a  few  general  philolopical  reflections,  t-xpressed 
in  a  style  siifliiiently  stately,  but  is  divested  of  bibliographical 
anecdote  and  interesting  intelligence." — 1)r.  Dibdin:  Bibliomania; 
q.  r.  for  an  interesting  analysis  of  the  Ilarleian  Library. 

Having  thus  disposed  of  the  MS.  and  Printed  Books, 
we  at  length  reach  the  pamphlets  of  the  library;  and  here 
we  arc  at  once  overwhelmed  with  the  amplitude  of  the 
field,  for  Gough  assures  us  that  the  number  was  coinjnUed 
to  be  400,000!  See  Brit.  Topog.,  v.  i.  660.  From  this 
vast  trejisury  the  indefatigable  Oldys  extracted  between 
6U0  and  700,  which  were  pub.  in  8  vols.  4to,  1744-46.  A 
new  ed.  wns  pub.  by  Malham  in  1S08-11,  12  vols.  8vo, 
£3  Ss.;  r.  8vo,  £14 's«.  Another  cd.,  by  Thomas  Park, 
was  issued  in  1808-13,  10  vols.  r.  4to,  2  vols,  being  com- 
posed of  additional  matter,  £33  12s.  A  Selection  from 
the  Ilarleian  Miscellany  of  Tracts  which  principally  re- 
gard English  History,  of  which  many  are  referred  to  by 
Hume,  was  pub.  in  1793,  4to.  The  value  of  this  w<irk  is 
not  to  be  measured  by  money  nor  expressed  by  words.  It 
should  always  accompany  The  Somcrs  Collection,  Howell's 
State  Trials,  Harrington's  Nuga)  Antiqua;,  Evelyn's  and 
Pepys's  Diaries,  and  the  standard  histories  of  England. 

*'To  the  importance  of  this  collection  of  Tracts  and  Papers  for 
elucidating  many  historical  occurrences  no  person  who  feels  inte- 
rested in  the  discovery  of  truth  can  Ite  inattentive." — EriiToit. 

"  I  hardly  know  of  any  one  collection,  or  set  of  Tolunips.  likely 
to  be  productive  of  more  varied  entfrtninment.  especially  if  the 
reader  hare  a  philological  turn." — Vilxlhi's  Lib.  Comp. 

A  Collection  of  Voyages  and  Travels,  compiled  from 
the  curious  and  valuaVde  Library  of  the  Earl  of  Oxford, 
was  pub.  by  Thomas  Osborne  in  1745,  2  vols.  fol.  This  is 
called  the  Ilarleian  Collection  of  Voyages.  See  CnnncniLL, 
OwNSHAM  and  John.  A  Catalogue  of  his  Lordship's  Pic- 
tures, Coins,  and  Medals,  was  pub.  in  1741,  4to.  But,  in 
our  admiration  of  the  Earl's  literary  treasures,  we  must 
not  forget  the  only  thing  which  enables  us  to  introduce  an 
account  of  his  library,  viz. :  that  he  was  himself  an  author. 
To  him  ore  ascribed  (1.)  A  Scriptural  and  KatiounI  Ac- 
count of  the  Christian  Religion,  Lon.,  1695,  8vo.  2.  An 
Essay  on  Public  Credit,  1710.  Inserted  in  the  Snmers 
Collection.  Reprinted,  with  short  Hist  Notes,  1797,  8vo. 
3.  An  Essay  upon  Loans.  4.  A  Vindic.  of  the  Rights  of 
the  Commons  of  Eug. ;  signed  Humphry  Mackworth. 
5.  Answer  to  Articles  against  hiiu,  1715.  6.  The  Secret 
Hist,  of  Arlns  and  Adolphus,  1720,  8vo.  An  Account  of 
the  conduct  of  Robert,  Earl  of  Oxford,  1715,  Svo,  is  sup- 
posed by  Park  to  be  the  composition  of  his  lordship,  on 
account  of  the  favourable  representation  given  of  his  cha- 
racter. But  tliis  is  but  doul/tful  evidence.  For  further 
particulars  respecting  the  Earl  of  Oxford  see  Collins's 
Peerage,  by  Sir  S.  E.  Brydges  ;  Park's  Walpole's  R.  and 
N.  Authors ;  Swift's  Works  ;  Spence's  Anecdotes  ;  Dibdin's 
Bibliomania,  and  his  Bibl.  Decam. ;  Co.\e's  Life  of  Wal- 
pole ;  histories  of  England; — especially  note  Macaulay's 
Hist,  of  England,  vol.  iv. 

Hai-Iey,  Win.,  d.  1830.     The   Ilarleian  Dairy  Sys- 
tem, (tc,  Lon.,  1829,  Svo.    See  Donaldson's  Agricult.  Biug. 
Harlowe,  Pcdapll,     Detection  of  R.  Breerly's  Fraud 
in   a  Book  entit.  The  Judgment  of  the   Apostles,  Lon,, 
1641,  4to. 

Harlwick,  Wm.     Hist,  of  the  Third  Session  of  the 
Present  Pari.,  Ac,  Lon..  1717,  Svo. 
Harm,  J.     Infant  Baptism.  1808. 
Harman,  Ephraini,  ([lerhaps  a  fictitious  name.)     A 
Lett,  to  T.  Rand.ili.h's  Party  Zeal  Censured,  1752,  Svo. 
Harnian,  Isaac.     Tiieolug.  treatises,  Lon.,  1768,  73. 
Harnian,  John,  wrote  two  books  against  the  Rev. 
Geo.  Whitefield.  1761,  '64,  and  a  treatise  on  Comets,  1769. 
Harnian,  Paul.     Materia  Mcdica. 
Harnian,  Thomas,  a  magistrate   (C7iip.  Elizabeth. 
1.  A  Cauet  for  commen  Cvrestors,  vulgarely  called  Vaga- 
bones,  newly  augmented  and  imprinted,  1567,  London,  by 
Wylliam  Gryffith,  4to.     Very  rare,  and  has  been  sold  for 
£16.     Another  ed.,  London,  by  Henry  Middleton,  1S7|3, 
4to.     Reprint  from  this  last  ed.,  1814,  4to;   100  copies 
struck  off. 


"The  illustration  of  the  manners  and  customs  of  a  country,  and 
particularly  those  of  our  own.  is  always  interesting.  In  this  point 
of  vi«w  it  is  hoped  th.it  the  present 'reprint  will  prove  acr-nptable 
as  descriptive  of  a  class  of  society  during  the  reign  of  Queen  Eliza^ 
bath.'' — Advertisement. 

This  book  is  supposed  to  contain  the  earliest  account 
of  the  "  Canting  Crew."  2.  The  Fraternity  of  Vagabones, 
Per  Anonymuni,  1575. 

Harmand,  T.  Dictionary  of  French  Homonymes, 
Glasg..  1SI7.   12rno. 

Harmar,  .lolin.  Warden  of  AVinchester,  d.  161.S,  was 
employed  nn  the  trans,  of  the  Bible,  and  pub.  some  of 
Cbrysostom's  Homilies  from  MSS.  in  the  Library  of  New 
College,  Oxford,  and  trans,  of  semis,  of  Calvin  and  Beza. 
See  authorities  cited  in  next  article,  and  see  Watt's  Bibl. 
Brit. 

Harmar,  John,  1594?-1670,  son  of  the  preceding, 
and  a  schoolmaster  and  divine,  pub.  Praxis  Grammatica, 
1622;  Janua  Linguarum,  1626 ;  Protomartyr  Britannus, 
1627;  Lexicon  Etymologicon  Gra^cum,  1637;  several  ora- 
tions, &c.;  and  translations  from  the  Greek  and  Latin. 

"lie  was  a  most  excellent  philologist,  and  a  toleralile  Latin 
pnet;  was  happy  in  rend'ring  Greek  into  Latin,  or  Latin  into 
English,  or  English  into  Greek  or  Latin,  whether  in  prose  or 
verse;  whii-h  we  now  call  tiansversing  and  transposing."' — Athen. 
Oxon. 

'■  He  was  an  honest,  weak  man." — Nbal. 
See  Wood's  Athen.  Oxon,,  and  his  Annals  and  Life; 
Neal  and  Calaniy;   Biog.  Brit.,  in  art.  Butler. 

Harmer,  Anthony.  Under  this  fictitious  name  the 
Rev.  Henry  AVharton  pub.  his  Specimen  of  some  Errors 
and  Defects  in  Bishop  Burnet's  Hist,  of  the  Reformation, 
Lon.,  1693,  Svo.     See  Wharton,  Henry. 

Harmer,  James.  Documents,  etc.  rel.  to  the  trial 
of  Hullowuy  and  Hagerty,  1807,  8vo. 

Harmer,  T.  Fishes;  Phil.  Trans.,  1707. 
Harmer,  Kev,  Thomas,  1715-1788,  a  learned  Dis- 
senting diviuc,  a  native  of  Norwich,  England,  became 
minister  of  a  congregationatWattesfield,  Suffolk.  1.  Ob- 
servations on  various  Passages  of  Scripture;  placing  them 
in  a  light  altogether  new,  from  Relations  in  Books  of 
Voyages  and  Travels,  Lon.,  1764,  Svo.  Eubirged  ed., 
1776,  2  vols.  Svo.  Two  addit.  vols.,  Svo,  1787;  4tb  ed., 
with  addits.  by  Adam  Clarke,  LL.D. ;  5th  and  best  cd.,  by 
A.  Clarke,  with  Life,  1816,  4  vols.  Svo.  Bishop  Lowth, 
on  the  pub.  of  the  first  two  vols.,  was  so  pleased  with  this 
work,  that  he  lent  to  the  author  the  unpub.  MSS.  of  the 
celebrated  Chardiu,  from  which  Harmer  obtained  much 
new  matter.  This  work  .■should  be  in  the  library  of  every 
Biblical  student  and  Oriental  antiquary.  A  trans,  of  the 
1st  ed.  was  made  into  German  by  John  Ernest  Faber,  and 
pub.,  with  notes  and  addits.  of  his  own  and  of  Prof.  Sey- 
bold,  in  1772  and  '75,  2  vols.  Svo.  A  third  vol.  appeared 
in  German  in  1776. 

"This  fict  shows  the  estimation  of  the  work  abroad,  which  all 
classes  at  Imnie  have  agreed  to  t.-omun'nd." — Ormf's  Bibl.  Bib. 

"  The  design  of  this  work  is  very  useful,  and  it  has  been  exe- 
cuted with  great  ability." — Bishop  Watson. 

"In  which  he  has  cast  much  light  on  many  difficult  texts  that 
relate  to  the  customs  and  manners,  religious  and  civil,  of  the 
Asiatic  nations,  by  quotations  from  the  works  of  ancient  and  mo- 
dern travellers  In  ditferent  parts  of  the  East,  who  have  described 
those  customs,  Ac.  as  still  subsisting." — Dr.  A.  Claree. 

"  In  this  work  numerous  passages  of  Scripture  are  placed  in  a 
light  altogether  new;  the  meanings  of  others,  which  are  not  dis- 
coverable by  the  methods  commonly  used  by  interpreters,  are 
satisfactorilv  ascertained;  and  many  probable  conjectures  are 
offered  to  the  Biblical  Student."— //or«e's  Bibl.  Bib. 

"Light  is  thrown  on  them  from  Eastern  Customs." — Bicker- 
stetlis  C.  S. 

2.  Outlines  of  a  New  Comment,  on  Solomon's  Song, 
drawn  by  the  help  of  instructions  from  the  East,  1768, 
Svo;  2ded.,  1775,  Svo. 

"This  is  an  uncommonly  ingenious  work,  to  which  all  subse- 
quent interpreters  of  the  Song  have  been  much  irulebt-d.  Har- 
mer does  not  consider  it  as  an  epithalamium  propeily,  but  as  re- 
lating to  a  royal  uiarriage, — that  of  Solomon  to  the  dauL^'hter  of 
Pharaoh. — and  this  event  as  designedly  symbolical  of  the  rejec- 
tion of  the  Jews  and  the  calling  of  the  Gentiles.  This  idea  he 
supports  with  great  ingenuity,  and  certainly  throws  much  light 
on  various  jiarts  of  this  beautiful  but  difficult  portion  of  Scrip- 
ture."— Ormr's  Bibl.  Bib. 

"  In  it  very  many  difficult  passages  of  Solomon's  Song  are  hap- 
pily  elucidated,  and  hints  are  oiTered  of  which  subsequeut  i:om- 
mentators  have  not  failed  to  avail  themselves.  It  bears  a  high 
price." — Home's  Bibl.  Bib. 

"Many  good  illustrations."' — Biclerslelh^s  C.  iS. 

Respecting  the  different  treatment  of  this  part  of  Scrip- 
ture by  Harmer,  and  Dr.  John  Gill,  and  Wm.  Romaine, 
see  WUUams's  C.  P.,  5th  ed.,  1843,  289.  3.  Observ.  on 
the  Round  Towers  of  Ireland,  Archaiol.,  1789.  4.  MisceU. 
Works,  cont'g  his  Letters,  Serms.,  <!kc.,  by  Youngman, 
1S23,  Svo. 

7,8r 


HAR 

Harmon,  D.  W.  A  Jnurnal  nf  Voyages  and  Travels 
in  the  Irteriur  of  North  America,  Autlov'er,  Vermont,  1S20. 
Reviewed  in  (he  Lon.  Quar.  Rev.,  xxvi.  409-416. 

Harness,  John,  M.D.  Con.  to  Med.  and  Chir.  Trans., 

isnn. 

Harness,  Wm.,  minister  of  Regent  Square  Chapel, 
Ij'.n.lcjTi,  ls2Ci:  now  incumbent  of  All-Saints.  Knights- 
hridge.  Among  his  best-known  worlis  are — 1.  The  Con- 
ne.\ion  of  Chri.stianit.v  with  Human  Happiness  ;  being  the 
substance  of  the  Boyle  Lectures  for  18:!1,  Lon.,  1S23,  2 
vols.  8vo. 

'*.Mr.  Harness  has  rendered  a  most  important  service  in  thus 
exhibiting  a  picture  of  the  boasted  liliL-rty  of  these  states  of  an- 
tiquity, [Greece  and  Rome. J  their  loose  mi^rals.  and  corrupt  prac- 
tices; whilst  he  satisfactorily  proves  that  the  religion  of  .Jesus  can 
alone  produce  ti-ue  political  wisdom,  moderation,  or  patriotic  exer- 
tion."— Lmi.  Christian  liemmih. 

2.  Parochial  Serms.,  IS3S,  8vo. 

"Eloijuent  without  art  or  affectation,  and  earnest  without 
tanaficism." — Loii.  Quar.  Rev. 

Harney,  John  M.,  M.D.,  17S9-182.3,  a  native  of 
Sussex  county,  Delaware,  settled  in  Bardstown,  Kentucky, 
and  subsequently  at  Savannah,  tieorgia.  He  again  re- 
moved to  Bardstown.  where  he  remained  until  his  decease. 
In  ISIti  he  pub.  anonymously  Crystalina:  a  Fairy-Tale, 
in  Six  Cantos,  which  was  enthusiastically  commended  by 
John  Neal,  in  the  Portico,  a  monthly  magazine  of  Balti- 
more, edited  by  him.  After  his  decease  some  of  his  other 
productions  were  given  to  the  world,  among  which  the 
Fever  Dream  lias  perhaps  been  most  admired.  See  Gris- 
wold's  Poets  and  Poetry  of  America.  Ifith  ed.,  Pbila..  1855. 

Harper.  1.  Rep.  of  Cases  in  the  Constit.  Ct.  of  S. 
Carolina,  Columb.,  1824,  8vo.  2.  Rep.  of  Equity  Cases  in 
the  Ct.  of  Appeals  of  S.  Carolina,  1S25,  8vo. 

Harper  of  Lincoln's  Inn  is  said  to  be  the  author  of 
the  following  work,  although  it  was  ].ul:..  under  the  name 
of  Sir  Michael  Foster.  Examination  of  Church-Power 
laid  down  in  the  Codex  Juris  Eccles.  Aug.,  Ac,  Lon., 
1735,  Svo;  3d  ed.  To  which  is  subjoined  Dr.  Andrews's 
Anfwer.  17?,fi.  Svo.     See  Foster,  Sin  Michael. 

Harper,  Andrew.     Med.  treatises.  Lon..  1789,  Svo. 

Harper,  John.     Scrm.  on  Musick,  Lon..  U.-^n,  8vo. 

Harper,  John.  The  Sea-Side  and  Aquarium,  Lon., 
1858,  U'mo.  ' 

Harper,  Robert  Goodloe,  1765-1825,  a  native  of 
Fredericksburg,  Virginia,  removed  to  S.  Carolina,  and  be- 
came an  eminent  lawyer,  and  a  member  of  the  IJ.  States 
Senate.  A  collective  ed.  of  his  Select  Works,  consisting 
of  Speeches  on  Politics  and  Forensic  Subjects,  Ac,  was 
pub.  in  Baltimore  in  1814,  Svo. 

"  His  writings  are  energetic,  manly,  profound,  satisfactory.  We 
hold  him  to  be,  alto;^ethcr,  one  of  the  ablest  men  that  North  Ame- 
rica has  produced."— John  Neal:  Blaclrw.  Mag.,  xvii.  56. 

Harper,  S.     Title-Dceds.  3d  ed.,  Lon..  1829,  8vo. 
Harper,  Rev.  T.     Christian  Teacher,  2d  ed.,  Lon., 
1806. 
Harper,  Thomas.    Accomptant's  Companion,  12mo. 
Harper,  Walter.     Serms.,  1789,  '96,  '97. 
Harplcy,  T.     1.  Poems.  Lon.,  1785,  8vo.     Written  in 
eonjunctic.n  with  W.  Sancroft.     2.  The   Genius  of  Liver- 
pool;  a  Drama,  1790,  8vo.     3.  The  Milliners;  a  Burletta, 
1790,  8vo.      4.  The  Triumph  of  Fidelity;    a  Drama  in 
rhyme,  1790,  8vo. 

Harpsfield,  John,  d.  1578,  Dean  of  Norwich,  and 
chaplain  to  Bbsbop  Bonner,  partook  largely  of  his  perse- 
cuting spirit.     1.  Concio  ad  Clerum,  Lon.,  1553,  8vo.     2. 
Homilies,  1554,  '55,  '56.     Of  Bonner's  Homilies,  nine  were 
written  by  Harpsfield.     3.  Serin.,  1556,  16ino.     4.  Suppu- 
tatio  Temporum  a  Diluvio  ad  A.  ri.  1559,  '60.     5.  Dispu- 
tations and  Epistles  in  Fox's  Acts  and  Monuments. 
"  A  grand  ze-nlot  for  the  Rom.Catb.  Religion."— ,4(/ien.  Oim.,q.v. 
See  also  Doild's  Ch.  Hist. ;  Fox's  Acts  and  Monuments. 
Harpsfield,   Nicholas,    d.    1583,    Regius  Prof,  of 
Greek  at  Oxford,  Preb.  of  St.  Paul's,  and  Archdeacon  of 
Canterbury,  was  a  brother  of  the  preceding.      1.  Dialot^i 
sex,  Ac,  Antwerp,  1506,  '7:1,  4to.      Published  under  the 
name  of  Ala.n  Cope,  q.  v.  in  this  Dictionary.     2.  llistoria 
Anglicana  Ecclesiastica,  Dimci,  1622,  fol. 

'"Tis  a  book  no  less  learnedly  than  painfully  performed  ;  and 
abating  his  partiality  to  his  own  interest,  he  well  deserves  of  all 
posterity." — Allien.  Oxon. 

3.  Historia  hieresis  WickleBrana" ;  pub.  with  the  former. 
He  left  a  number  of  MSS. 

"An  eminent  theolosist,  well  skili'd  in  both  the  laws,  and  in 
Greek,  history,  and  poetry."— Allifn.  Omn..  q.  r. 

See  also  Dodd's  Ch.  Hist. ;  Tanner  and  Pits ;  Strype. 
Harpur,  Joseph,  LL.D.     An  Essay  on  Philos.  Cri- 
ticism as  applied  to  Poetry,  Lon.,  1810,  4to. 
Harral,  Thomas.     A  novel,  Ac,  1798-1805. 


HAR 

Harraden,  R.  B.     1.  Cantabrigia  Depicta,  CamK, 
ISOU,  4to:  2d  ed.,  entit.  Hist,  of  the  Univ.  of  Cambridge, 
Ac.  1814,  sup.  r.  8vo.     There  were  also  pub.  8  Views  and 
24  Views  illustrative  of  the  Univ.  of  Camb.      2.  6  Views 
in  the  Isle  of  Wight  and  of  Nellcy  Abbey,  1814. 
■  -Harrar,  Thomas.     The  Foure  Brothers;  the  quali- 
ties of  whom  are  contayned  in  this  old  riddle : 
Foure  Brethren  were  bred  at  once, 
M'ithout  ttesh.  bloud  or  bones; 
One  with  a  beard,  but  two  h.ad  none, 
I'he  fourth  had  but  half  one. 
161  f).  4to. 

Harrington.  This  name  is  often  written  Harinc- 
ton.  " 

I       Harrington,  E.  B.     1.  Michigan  Chan.  Rep.,  1836- 
,  42,  Detroit,  1845,  8vo.     In  conjunction  with  E.  J.  Roberts, 
Revised   Statutes   of  Michigan,   1S37-3S,    Svo,   1838.     3. 
Amer.  Equity  Digest :    sec  Barbour,  Oliver  Lore.vzo, 
No.  1. 

Harrington,  Mrs.  E.  D.,  a  sister  of  the  late  Mrs. 
Frances  Sargent  Osgood,  has  attained  some  reputation  .as 
a  contributor  to  tlie  periodicals  of  the  day. 

Harrington,  Sir  Edward,  son  of'Henry  Harrin"- 
ton,  M.  D.,  of  Bath.  d.  1807,  aged  54.  1.  A  Schizzo  on 
the  Genius  of  Man,  Lon.,  1793,  Svo.  2.  Travels  through 
parts  of  France. 

Harrington,  Rev.  Henry,  of  Bath,  a  descendant 
of  Sir  John  Harrington.  Kniglit,  pub.  the  Nuga>  Antiqua: 
of  the  latter,  Lon.,  1769-75-79,  3  vols.  12mo  ;  2d  ed  , 
1792,  3  vols.  Svo  ;  3d  ed.,  by  Thus.  Park,  1804,  2  vols.  8vo.' 
See  Harrington,  Sir  John. 

Harrington,  Henry,  M.D.,  1729-1816,  an  eminent 
physician,  long  resident  at  Balh,  a  son  of  the  preceding, 
pub.  An  Ode  to  Harmony;  An  Ode  to  Discord :  The  Witch 
of  Wokey,  a  ballad  in  the  Old  English  Style  ;  the  Geome- 
trical Analogy  of  the  Doctrine  of  the  Trinity,  1806,  4to. 

Harrington,  James,  1611-1C77,  a  native  of  North- 
amptonshire, educated  at  Trin.  Coll.,  Oxibrd,  under  Chil- 
lingworth,  acquired  gre.at  celebrity  as  a  warm  supporter 
of  pcditical  freedom.  He  lived  for  some  time  on  the  con- 
tinent, and  doubtless  imbibed  whilst  resident  at  Venice 
and  the  Hague  those  republican  principles  which  dis- 
tinguished him.  His  principal  work  is  entit.  Oceana, 
pub.  in  1656,  fol.: 

"  A  kind  of  political  romance,  in  imitation  of  Plato's  '  Atlantic 
Story.'  where  by  Oceana  Ilarrington  means  England;  exhibiting 
a  plan  of  republican  government,  which  he  would  have  eivcti-d 
here,  in  case  these  kingdoms  had  formed  themselves  into  a  senuine 
commonwealth.  This  work,  however,  pleased  no  partv,  and.  as  it 
reliected  severely  upon  Oliver's  usurpation,  met  with'many'difli- 
culties  in  the  publishing." 

Harrington  pub.  also  several  other  political  treatises, 
1658-60,  an  Essay  upon  Virgil,  1658,  and  a  trans,  of  four 
books  of  the  jEneid  into  English  poetry,  1659.  A  col- 
lective ed.  of  his  writings  was  pub.  by  "Toland  in  1700, 
fol. ;  a  bettor  ed.  by  Toland,  Dubl,  i737,  fol. ;  another 
ed.,  Lon..  1747,  fol.  ;  and  the  best  one,  by  Thomas  Brand 
Hollis,  with  the  Life  by  Toland,  in  1771,  4to.  As  an  early 
supporter  of  political  liberty  in  England,  the  name  of 
Harrington  will  always  be  entitled  to  the  respect  of  pos- 
terity, whatever  nuiy  be  thought  of  the  practicability  of 
some  of  his  speculations. 

"  Harrington's  Oceana  w.as  well  adopted  to  that  age,  when  the 
plans  of  imaginary  republics  were  the  daily  sulgects  uf  debate  and 
conversation;  and  even  in  our  time  it  is  justly  admired  as  a  work 
of  genius  and  invention.  The  idea,  however,  of  a  perfect  and  im- 
mortal commonwealth  will  alw.ays  be  found  as  chimerical  as  that 
of  a  perfect  and  iainiortal  man.  The  style  of  this  author  wants 
case  and  fluency ;  but  the  good  matter  which  his  work  contains 
makes  compensation." — Hume's  Hist,  of  Eug. 

"The  only  valuable  model  of  a  commonwealth  that  has  yet  been 
offered  to  the  public.'' — Hume's  £ssai/s  and  Treatises. 

■■It  is  strange  that  Harrington,  so  little  while  ago,  should  be 
the  brst  man  to  find  out  so  evident  and  demonstrable  a  truth  as 
that  of  property  being  the  true  basis  of  power.  Uis  Oceana,  allow- 
ing for  the  different  situation  of  things,  (.as  the  less  number  of 
Lords  then,  those  Lords  having  no  share  in  the  Parliament,  and 
the  like.)  is  cei^tainly  one  of  the  best-founded  political  pieces  that 
ever  was  writ.'" — De.^x  Lockier. 

"Harrington,  whose  Oceana  is  justly  regarded  as  one  of  the 
boasts  of  English  literature."— Z)«o<iW  Stewart's  Prelim.  £ss  to 
Enrijc.  Brit. 

"  In  general  it  may  be  said  of  Harrington  that  he  is  prolix,  dull, 
pedantic,  and  seldom  profound,  but  sometimes  redeems  himself 
bv  just  observations.  Like  most  theoretical  politicians  of  that 
age,  he  had  an  excessive  admiration  for  the  republic  of  Venice. 
His  other  political  writings  are  in  the  same  spirit  as  the  Oceana, 
but  still  less  interesting.^'- //aWnja's  Lit.  Hist,  of  Europe. 
See  Bing.  Brit.  ;  Athen.  Oxon. 

Harrington,  Sir  James.  Divine  Meditations, 
lfiS2.  f.l. 

Harrington,  James,  d.  169.3,  in  his  29th  year,  was 
educated    at   Christ  Church,   Oxford,   and    subsequently 


EAR 

entered  the  Inner  Temple.  He  contributed  some  verses 
to  the  MusiB  Anglicana?,  wrote  the  preface  to  the  1st  vol. 
of  Wood's  Athena;,  and  the  introduction  to  vol.  ii. ;  edited, 
with  a  Life  and  Prefiicc,  the  works  of  Dr.  George  Strad- 
ling,  and  pub.  a  number  of  tracts  respecting  the  Uni- 
versity of  O.-cford. 

'•  Ilis  dwith  was  muoh  deplorM  by  those  that  knew  him,  because. 
1.  That  he  was  a  prodiiv.  considerin<;  his  a-^e.  in  his  knowledge 
of  the  common  law ;  '2.  That  he  was  a  person  of  excellent  parts ; 
and.  3.  Thut  he  was  very  honest  in  his  dealinii.  and  of  a  pood  and 
eeneroos  nature." — Allien.  Oxon.  See  Bliss's  ed. ;  and  Nichols's 
Alterburv. 

Harrington,  John,  of  Stepney,  15:14-1582,  father 
of  Sir  .lolin  Harrin^t^'n.  wrote  some  poetical  pieces,  &c., 
nliich  were  puli.  in  the  Nupa;  Antiqua?.  See  ne.\t  article. 
His  lines  are  thoufrht  to  e.thibit  a  polish  not  common  in 
tlie  writers  of  the  day.  The  "Verses  made  on  Isabella 
Markhame"  have  been  greatly  extolled: 

♦■  If  the  pneni  hL-re  selected  be  ri^rhtly  attributed  to  him  by  the 
Harinirtnn  papers,  be  cannot  be  denied  the  sinjjiular  merit  of  hav- 
iuir  united  au  eleijance  of  taste  with  an  artifice  of  style  which  tar 
exceeded  his  contemporaries." — Ellis's  SperimcJis.  

•■  But  hardly  anv  li^'ht  poem  of  this  early  period  is  superior  to  j  (•-",""„  „n  B, 
some  lines  addivssed  to  Is.abella  JIarkham  by  f^ir  John  [John,      " 
not  .Sir  John]  IlariniJton,  bearin;;  the  date  of  1564.    If  these  are 
genuine,  and  I  know  not  how  to  dispute  it,  they  are  as  polished  as 
any  writtnn  at  the  close  of  the  queen's  reiiin.    These  are  not  in 
th.'-  I'aradi'^e  of  Painty  Device'i."— //cHam'.s  Lit.  Hist.  r,f  Eiirnpe. 

Harrington,  Sir  John,  1561-1612,  son  of  the  pro- 
ceding,  was  a  great  favourite  with  his  godmother.  Queen 
Elizabeth,  although  temporarily  banished  from  court  for 
writing  a  witty  work  upon  an  objectionable  theme,  en- 
tilled  The  Metamorphosis  of  Aja.\,  Lon..  1596,  Svo.  A 
license  was  refused  for  printing  this  work,  yet  it  never- 
theless went  through  three  impressions.  A  new  ed.  of  100 
copies  was  printed,  Chiswick,  1S14,  Svo.  See  Lowndes's 
Bibl.  Man.  and  Bibl.  Anglo-Poet,  316-325.  Sir  John  also 
pub.  (2.)  Orlando  Furioso,  trans,  into  Heroical  English 
Verse,  Lon.,  1591,  1607,  fol.:  3d  ed.,  including  the  Epi- 
grams, (dated  1633,  pp.  46,)  1634,  fol.  This  is  the  first  Eng- 
lish version  of  Ariosto.  The  first  fifty  stan7..as  of  Book  xxxii. 
were  trans,  by  Francis  Harrington,  Sir  John's  younger 
brother. 

"Although  executed  without  spirit  or  accuracy,  unanimated  and 
incorrect,  it  enriched  our  poetry  by  a  communication  of  new  stories 
of  fiction  and  imajzination.  both  of  the  romantic  and  comic  species 
of  Gothic  machinery  and  familiar  manners.'' — iVurton's  HUt.  of 
Eng.  P'Kt. 

'■  Much  admired  at  the  time,  though  now  found  to  be  inaccurate 
and  feeble." — Ellis's  Sperimens. 

Another  eminent  authority,  comparing  Harrington's 
Ariosto  with  Fairfa.x's  Tasso,  remarks  : 

'•  The  translation  of  Ariosto  by  Sir  John  HaiTington,  in  1691,  is 
much  inferior." — Il'ilkiiii's  Lit.  Hist,  fif  Earapr. 

3.  The  most  elegant  and  witty  Epigrams  of  Sir  J.  H., 
1615,  4to.  This  ed.  contains  only  115  Epigrams,  and 
forms  the  4th  book  of  the  entire  collection,  pub.  1G18,  sm. 
Svo;  1625,  sm.  Svo;  1634,  fol.;  with  the  Orlando,  1633, 
fol.  The  Orlando  in  this  vol.  is  the  3d  ed.,  and  is  dated 
1634,  although  the  Epigrams  are  dated  1633. 

'■  Sir  Jotin  llaningtou,  no  less  noted  for  his  book  of  witty  epi- 
grams than  his  .judicinus  translation  of  Ariosto's  Orlando  Furioso." 
—I'Mlips's  riimt.  I'oet. 

"Formed  his  most  popular  production." — Ellis's  Specimens. 

"The  epigrams  it  must  be  confessed,  although  they  appear  to 
have  once  enjoyed  some  reputation,  possess  no  poetical  merit. 
They  are  flat,  colloquial  rhymes,  of  that  low  tone  above  which  it 
seems  to  haye  been  difficult 'for  the  genius  of  Harrington  to  rise." 
—  Cctt.lwrd  Litrraria. 

4.  The  Englishman's  Doctor,  or  the  School  of  Salerne, 
1609,  Svo.  Bibl.  Anglo-Poet.,  323.  £20.  1624,  Svo.  Bibl. 
Anglo-Poet,  324,  £15.  5.  The  Hist,  of  Polindor  and  Flos- 
tella,  with  other  Poems,  1651,  Svo.  6.  Bricfc  View  of  the 
State  of  the  Ch.  of  Eng.,  1653,  12mo.  This  was  intended 
as  a  continuation  of  Bp.  Godwin's  Catalogue  of  Bishops, 
■who  brought  his  list  down  to  about  1601. 

"  Malicious  remarks  upon  the  bishops  of  his  time." — Bp.  Niclr 
son's  Eng.  Hist.  Lih. 

7.  Nugai  Antiqufe  ;  being  a  Miscell.  Collect  of  Original 
Papers  in  Prose  and  Verse,  temp.  Henry  VIII.,  Ed.  VI., 
Mary,  Eliz.,  and  James,  by  Sir  J.  H.,  and  by  others  who 
lived  in  those  times,  Lon.,  1769-75-79,  3  vols.  12mo. 
Pub.  by  the  Rev.  Henry  Harrington,  of  Bath ;  2d  ed., 
1792,  3  vols.  Svo;  3d  ed.,  newly  arranged,  with  lUust 
Notes  by  Thomas  Park,  1804,  2  vols.  Svo.  Prefixed  is  a 
life  of  the  author. 

*'  In  reconducting  this  miscellany  to  the  press.  I  have  taken  the 
liberty  of  reiectinj  sereuil  prose  pieces  which  had  appeared  in 
preceding  editions^  and  of  inserting  otliers  that  seemed  to  possess 
stronger  claims  for  admission  into  a  m^ange  surannt." — Park's 
Advert.  . 

These  vols,  should  bo  in  the  library  of  every  historical 
student. 

"Sir  John  Harrington  appears  to  have  been  a  gentleman  of 
great  pleasantry  and  humour ;  his  fortune  was  easy,  the  court  his 


IIAR 

element,   and   wit,    not  his  business,   but  diversion." — Cooper's 
illtses'  Lilmiri/,  p.  '297. 

In  addition  to  authorities  cited  above,  see  Athen.  O.xon.; 
Hutchinson's  Cumberland  ;  'Watt's  Bibl.  Brit 

Harrington,  John  Herbert.  1.  Saade's  Works  in 
Persian.  Calcut,  1791-95,  2  vols.  fol.  2.  Laws  for  Brit 
India.  1S05,  fol. 

Harrington,  Joseph,  of  San  Francisco.  California. 
Serins.,  with  a  Memoir  of  his  Life  by  Wm.  Whiting,  Bost, 
1S55,  l2mo. 

Harrington,  Robert,  M.D.,  pub.  a  number  of  trea- 
tises upon  subjects  connected  with  nat  philos.  and  che- 
mistry, 1781-1S04.     See  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit. 

Harrington,  S.  M.,  Chief-Justice  of  Delaware.    Rep. 
in  the  Sup'r'Ct,  .tc.  of  Delaware,  Dover,  1837-44,  3  vols.  Svo. 
Harrington,   Thomas.     Science    Improved:    Nat 
and  Experiment.  Philos.,  Lon.,  1774,  4lo. 

Harrington,  Wm.    The  Cr.mendation  of  Matrimony, 

152S,  4to.    See  Dibdin's  Typ.  Autiq.  of  G.  Brit;  Lowndes's 

Bibl.  Man. 

Harriot,  John-Staples,  Col.  au  23e  Regiment  d'ln- 

ale.    Memoire  sur  les  Kab'i'r  Pantis,  secto 

de  dcisles  dc  I'llindoustan,  Par.,  1832,  Svo. 

Harriott,  John.     An  Engine;  Nie.  Jour.,  1S03. 
Harriott,  John.    Struggles  through  Life.  Lon.,  1807, 
2  vols.  12ino  ;  1815.  3  vols.  12ino.     This  work  contains  an 
amusing  account  of  the  author's  adventures  in  New  Eng- 
land. 

Harriott,  or  Harriot,  Thomas,  1560-1621,  an 
eminent  mathematician  and  astronomer,  educated  at  St 
Mary  Hall,  Oxford,  of  which  city  he  was  a  native,  resided 
in  tlie  family  of  Sir  Walter  Raleigh,  by  whom  he  was  sent 
to  Virginia,  with  Sir  Richard  Grenvilie,  in  1585.  Of  this 
province  he  pub.  an  .account,  enlit.  A  Briefe  and  True  Re- 
port of  the  New  Found  Land  of  Virginia,  ic,  Lon.,  15S8, 
fol.  This  work  was  pub.  in  Latin  by  De  Bry  A  Sons, 
Franc,  1590,  fob;  also  in  French  and  German.  The 
English  version  is  the  rarest  of  the  De  Bry  set  of  voy- 
ages;  a  copy  sold  at  the  Nassau  sale  produced  £100,  and 
Lord  Oxford  paid  the  same  sum  for  his.  But  we  have 
already  given  more  space  than  we  can  well  afford  to  the 
Voyages  of  De  Bry  and  Sons  in  our  article  Richard 
HiKLCYT,  q.  v.,  and  authorities  there  cited.  Harriott's 
account  of  Virginia  will  be  found  in  vol.  iii.  of  Haklnyfs 
Voyages.  After  Harriott's  death  Walter  Warner  pub.  from 
his  MSS.  his  Artis  Analytics  Praxis  ad  ^quationes  Alge- 
braicas  nova,  expedita  et  general!  Methodo  resolvendas, 
Lon.,  1631,  fol. 

"  Harriott  ....  was  destined  to  make  the  last  great  discovery 
in  the  pure  science  of  algebra.  .  .  .  Harriott  arrived  at  a  complete 
theory  of  the  genesis  of  equations,  which  Cardan  and  Viefa  had 
but  partially  concciyed."— Miitom'.'  Lit.  Hist,  of  Europe.  See  4th 
ed.,  Lon.,  1854;  vol  i.  464,  466;  ii.  223;  iii.  181,  n.  189. 

See  also  Biog.  Brit.;  Wallis's  Hist  of  Algebra;  Encyc. 
Brit;  Hutton's  Diet;   Letters  l)y  Eminent  Persons. 

Harris,  Miss.  Coloured  Drawings  of  British  Butter- 
flies, from  the  Collection  of  Mr.  W.  E.  Leach,  with  letter- 
press Descriptions,  Exeter,  imp.  4to.     4  Nos. 

Harris,  Miss.  1.  From  Oxford  to  Rome,  and  how  it 
fared  with  some  who  lately  made  the  journey,  by  a  Com- 
panion Traveller,  2d  ed.,  Lon.,  1847,  Svo.  See  Lon.  Quar. 
Rev.,lxxxi.  131-166.  2.  Rest  in  the  Church,  1848,  sm.  Svo. 
Harris,  Alexander.  A  Converted  Atheist's  Testi- 
mony to  the  Truth  of  Christianity,  4th  ed.,  Lon.,  fp.  Svo. 
"  A  very  interesting  account  of  the  experience  of  an  iutelligent 
and  sincere  mind  on  the  subject  of  religion.  We  can  honestly 
recommend  the  book  to  the  notice  of  our  readers."— ion.  Ecltx. 
K/r. 

Harris,  Barth.  Lusus  Serius  in  Petronii  Arbitri, 
Matronam  Ephesiam,  Lon.,  1665,  12nio. 
"A  curious  little  treatise." — iftdl's  Bibl.  Brit. 
Harris,  Catherine.  Edwardina:  a  Nov.,  2  vols. 
Harris,  Chapin  A.,  M.D.,  b.  1806,  at  Pompey, 
Onondaga  county,  N.  York,  Prof,  of  the  Principles  and 
Practice  of  Dental  Surgery  in  the  Baltimore  College,  Ac. 
This  college,  chartered  in  1839-40,  the  first  of  its  kind  in 
the  world,  was  originated  by  Dr.  Harris.  1.  Dissert  on 
the  Diseases  of  the  Maxillary  Sinus,  Phil.a.,  1842,  Svo, 
pp.  160.  2.  Characteristics  of  the  Human  Teelh,  Ac, 
Bait,  1841,  Svo,  pp.  119.  3.  Dictionary  of  Dental  Science, 
1849,  Svo,  pp.  780  ;  2d  ed.,  entit  Diction.ary  of  Medicine, 
Dental  Surgery,  and  the  Collater.al  Sciences,  1854,  r.  Svo, 
pp.  800.  In  this  ed.  the  biographical  and  bibliographical 
matter  h.as  been  omitted,  but  between  7000  and  8000  ne-w 
words  have  been  added,  and  other  important  improve- 
ments have  been  made. 

"  This  is  the  only  work  of  the  kind  in  the  world,  it  is  presumed, 
and  one  is  almost  tempted  to  believe  there  will  never  be  another, 
since  whatever  belongs  to  the  subject  is  here  brought  into  au 
elaborate  alphabetical  arrangement,  as  convenient  as  could  tw 

789 


HAR 


IIAR 


desired  for  reference.    This  dictionnry  is  a  valuaWo  reference  for  '  Arrangements,  Eilin.  and  Lun.,  1775,  Svo.     This  is  a  por- 


the  medifal  pn^fession  also,  and  m:iy  be  resorted  to  with  prolit  in 
regard  to  a  variety  of  diseases  for  which  they  arw  consulted."' — 
Boston  Med.  and  Surg.  Jnurnal.  i 

4.  Principles  and  Practice  of  Dental  Surgery,  Bait., 
1839,  Svo,  pp.  384,:  7th  ed.,  Phila.,  1858,  Svo,  pp.  892.        ] 

"We  feel  warranted  in  saying  that  it  enibodii'S  more  practiral 
inforniatiun  than  any  other  work  on  tlie  sutiject  in  the  English 
languajie;  we  would  consequently  recommend  its  perusal  in  the 
most  unqua-'fied  terms  to  the  medical  profession  tienerally.  and  to 
the  scientific  Sur-reon-Dentist  in  particular."— S(/«i/te7*/t  Medical 
arid  Surgical  Journal. 

5.  Fax's  Niitural  Hist,  and  Diseases  of  the  Human 
Teeth;  edited,  with  addits.,  1846,  imp.  Svo,  pp.  440;  2d 
ed.,  Phila.,  1855,  Svo.  6.  Trans,  of  Dcsirabode's  Complete  j 
Elements  of  the  Science  and  Art  of  the  Dentist,  Bait., 
1847,  Svo,  pp.  552;  in  the  original  French,  about  pp.  900. 
We  are  indebted  to  Dr.  H.  fur  two  or  three  other  transla- 
tions from  the  snme  language.  Dr.  llarris  has  edited  the 
Amer.  Jour,  of  Dental  Science  from  its  commencement  in 
1839  to  the  present  time,  (1858.) — i.e.  for  nineteen  years, 
— assisted  at  various  times  by  Drs.  E.  Parmly,  S.  Brown, 
E.  Maynard,  A.  Westcot,  W.  H.  Dwiuelle.  A.  A.  Blandy, 
and  A.  Suowdcn  Piggot.  He  has  also  been  a  contributor 
to  the  Maryland  Jour,  of  Med.  and  Chir.,  Amer.  Jour,  of 
Med.  Science,  N.York  Dental  Recorder,  and  to  one  or  two 
literary  publications. 

Harris,  Daniel.  Transitof  Venus;  Phil. Trans.,  1769. 
Harris,  Edmund.     Serms.,  15S8,  '90. 
Harris,  G.  P.     Con.  to  Trans.  Linn.  Soc,  1807. 
Harris,  George,  d.  1796,  an  English  civilian,  Chan- 
cellor of  the  dioceses  of  Durham,  Hereford,  and  Llandaff, 
and  Commissary  of  Essex.  Herts,  and  Surrey,  was  the  son 
of  Dr.  John  Harris,  Bp.  of  Lhindafl'.     1.  Ohserv.  upon  the 
Eng.  Language,  1752,  Svo.  Anon.     2.  D.  Justiniani  lusti- 
tutionum,  Libri  Quatuor,  with  an    Kng.  trans,  and  notes, 
Lon.,  1756,  '61;  Osf.,  ISll,  all  4to. 

"A  valuable  work,  wiirthy  thy  perusal  of  any  gentleman  who 
would  form  a  just  notion  of  the  civil  policy  of  the  Konian.s,  and 
acquire,  at  the  same  time,  a  comparative  view  of  the  English." — 
Dr.  Adam  Clarke. 

'■  Mr.  Harris's  translation  is  accurate,  and  furnished  with  some 
notes  which  elucidate  obscure  passages,  and  occasionally  point  out 
the  analogy  between  the  Common  and  the  Civil  Law." — Mai-vin's 
Leg.  Bill.     See  Cooper.  Tuomas,  M.D.;  Lyon.  George. 

Harris,  George.  1.  Life  of  Lord-Chancellor  Hard- 
wicke,  Lon.,  1S47,  3  vols.  Svo. 

"Vigorous,  intelligent,  and  interesting." — Lon.  Quar.  Rev. 
This  work  gives  some  important  information  respecting 
the  Roman  Catholics. 

2.  True  Theory  of  Representation  in  a  State,  1852. 
Harris,  George  VV.     Reports  of  the  Supreme  Ct.  of 
Penua.,  1849-56,  Phila.,  12  vols. 

Harris,  Henrietta.     Poems,  1806,  12mo. 
Harris,  Henry.     On  Priesthood,  Oxf.,  1849,  Svo. 
Harris,  Uev,  J,     Suficrings  of  Christ,  1S09. 
Harris,  James,  M.P.,  of  Salisbury,  1709-17S0,  a  ne- 
phew of  Lord  Shaftesbury,  the  ccleltrated  author  of  the 
Characteristics,  was  educated  at  Wadham  Coll.,  Oxf..  and 
removed  from  thence  to  Lincoln's  Inn.     In  1761  he  entered 
Parliament;  in  1762  became  a  Lord  of  the  Admiralty;  in 
1763  Lord  of  the  Treasury;  and  in   1774  Secretary  and 
Comptroller  to  the  Queen.     Ho  was  a  man  of  great  erudi- 
tion, and  especially  skilled  in  the  Greek  and  Latin  classics. 
1.  Three  Treatises  :  I.  Art ;  II.  Music,  Painting,  and  Poetry; 
III.  Happiness,  Lon.,  1744,  Svo.  Othereds.  in  1765,  '71,  *72. 
This  is  a  valuable  work.     An  eminent  authority  commends 
the  treatise  on  Art,  as 

"  The  best  specimen  of  the  dividing  or  diaeretic  manner,  as  the 
ancients  called  it,  that  is  to  be  found  in  any  modern  book  with 
•which  I  am  acquainted." — Lord  Monudddo. 

2.  Hermes ;  or,  a  Philosophical  Inquiry  concerning  Lan- 
guage and  Universal  Grammar,  Lon.,  1750,  '51,  '71,  '75, 
1806,  Svo.  The  title  of  this  learned  work  has  sometimes 
occasioned  its  being  purchased  for  a  novel ;  but  a  pupil 
of  the  Minerva  Press  school  would  soon  find  himself  be- 
yond his  depth.  A  celebrated  philologist,  in  tho  Preface 
to  his  English  Grammar,  thus  warmly  commends  Mr. 
Harris's  treatise : 

"  Those  who  would  enter  more  deeply  into  this  sulgect  will  find 
it  fully  and  accurately  handled,  with  the  greatest  acuteness  of 
investigation,  perspicuity  of  application,  and  elegance  of  method, 
in  a  Treatise  entitled  Hermes,  by  J.  Harris,  Esq.,  the  most  beau- 
tiful and  perfect  example  of  analysis  that  has  been  exhibited  since 
the  days  of  Aristotle." — Rishop  Lowth. 

"  On  the  means  of  acfjuiring  just  taste :  written  with  the  pre- 
cision of  Aristotle,  and  the  elegance  of  Quinlilian." — Coleridge. 

"We  ought  not  either  to  omit  the  mention  of  Mr.  James  Hari'is. 
the  learned  and  accomplished  author  of  one  of  the  most  beautiful 
Bpecimens  of  metaphysical  analysis  on  the  theory  of  Language, 
which  exist  in  our  language;  I  mean  the  work  entitled  Hermes." 
*~Mor'-Ws  Hist,  of  Mod.  J'liilos. 

3.  The  Spring;  a  Pastoral,  1762,  4to.     4.  Philosophical 
790 


tion  of  a  larger  wnrk  that  lie  had  meditated,  but  never 
finished,  upon  the  logic  of  Aristotle.  5.  Philological  In- 
quiries, in  3  Parts,  Lon.,  1780,  2  vols.  Svo;  Part  3,  in 
French,  Paris,  1789.  12mo.  6.  Works,  with  Life,  by  his 
b-ufl,  the  Karl  of  Malmesbury,  Lou.,  ISOl,  2  vols.  4to  and 
r.  4to;   1803,  5  vols.  8vo. 

"His  profound  knowledge  of  Greek,  which  he  applied  more  suc- 
cessfully, perhaps,  than  any  modern  writer  has  done,  to  the  study 
and  explanation  of  ancient  philosophy,  arose  from  an  early  and 
intimate  acquaintance  with  the  excellent  poets  and  historians  in 
that  language." — Earl  of  Malmesbury  :  Life  of  his  father,  q.  v. 

'■Mr.  Harris  had  long  left  the  University  of  Oxfoid  l>efore  he 
began  even  to  read  Aristotle,  or  to  imjuire  into  the  Greek  philoso- 
phy; and  be  was  led  to  the  consideiation  of  universal  grammar 
by  no  fcootof  the  academic^-!  cycle,  either  then  or  since,  but  by  the 
Minerva  of  Sauctius.  That  Mr.  Harris  was  a  tardy  student  of 
philosophy  is  shown,  perhaps,  in  his  want  of  self-reliimcj^,  in  hia 
prejudiie  in  favour  of  authority — at  least  of  ancient  authority. 
But  tmth  is  not  the  property  of  the  old  or  of  the  new;  '  non  dum 
occuiiata,'— it  frequently  belongs  to  neither.'*— i^lB  Wm.  H.amilton  : 
OrfiJid  as  it  migJd  he:  Apptnd.  to  JJisoussions,  t£c.,  2d  ed.,  Lon., 
lS5:i,  8vo. 

Mr.  Harris's  persona!  character  was  most  estimable: 
"The  deep  sense  of  moral  and  religious  obligation  which  was 
habitual  to  him,  and  those  benevolent  feelings  which  were  so  great 
a  happiness  to  his  family  and  friends,  had  the  same  powerful  in- 
fluence over  his  public  as  his  piivate  life." — Earl  of  M.\lmesbl'RT: 

Sup7'li. 

'•  Mr.  Harris's  style  is  flat  and  heavy ;  and  Be.  Johnson  observed 
to  Mrs.  I'iozzi,  that  in  the  fourteen  lines  of  which  the  dedication 
of  the  Hermes  consists,  there  were  no  less  than  six  grammatical 
faults."— XOH.  Qtiar.  Uev.,  Isxiv.  543  ;  Mrs.  Piozzi :   Ante.,  p.  6. 

"At  Lord  Monboddo's,  after  the  conversation  upon  the  decrease 
of  learning  in  England,  his  lordship  mentioned  Heiines,  by  Mr. 
llarrjs  of  i^alisbury.  as  the  work  of  a  living  author  for  whom  he 
had  a  great  respect.  Dr.  Johnson  said  nothing  at  the  time;  but 
when  we  were  in  our  pnst-chaise.  told  me  he  thought  Harris  *a 
coxcomb.' " — BoswELL :  Life  of  Johnmrn. 

Harris,  James,  M.P.,  first  Earl  of  Malmesbury, 
1746-1820,  son  of  the  preceding,  educated  at  Merton  Col- 
lege, Oxford,  and  at  the  University  of  Leydeu,  was  for 
many  years  ambassador  frt>m  Great  Britain  to  Spain, 
Prussia,  Russia,  the  Hiigue,  and  France,  respectively.  In 
1843-44  his  grandson,  the  third  Earl,  pub.,  in  4  vtds.  Svo, 
his  grandfather's  Diaries  and  Correspondence,  1767-1809. 
"As  to  literary  merit,  the  volumes  have  none  at  all.  In  his 
style,  the  son  of  the  author  of  Hermes  follows  his  father's  example 
rather  than  his  preiepts.  It  is  flat  and  ungrammatical:  and, 
what  is  more  surprising,  vulgar  '  to  a  degree!' — to  use  one  of  his 
own  slip-slop  phrases — and  we  do  not  know  that  we  ever  read  so 
many  letters  in  which  there  was  so  little  of  that  occasional  orna- 
ment and  relief  which  literature  and  wit  can  impart  even  to  the 
diiest  business." — Lon.  Quar,  Jii-v..  Ixxiv.  5ti8-544. 

His  lordship  was  the  author  of  an  Introduction  to  the 
Hi>t.  of  the  Dutch  Republic. 

Harris,  James,     Algebraist's  Assist.,  1818. 
Harris,  John.     The  Divine  Physician;  prescribing 
Rules  for  the  cure  of  diseases  as  well  of  the  Body  as  tho 
Soul,  Lon.,  1676,  Svo. 

Harris,  John,  Rector  of  AVinchelsea.  Animalcules 
in  "Water;  Phil.  Trans.,  16^)6. 

Harris,  John,  D.D.,  1667-1719,  the  first  compiler  of 
a  Dictionary  of  Arts  and  Sciences  in  England,  educnted 
at  St.  John's  Coll.,  Camb.,  became  Rector  of  St.  Mildred's, 
London,  Perpetual  Curate  of  Stroud,  Preb.  of  Rochester, 
and  Fellow-Secretary  and  Vice-President  of  the  Royal 
Society.  He  died  in  great  poverty.  He  pub.  works  on 
nat.  hist.,  mathematics,  and  astronomy,  serms.,  Ac,  1697- 
1719,  and  the  following  compilations,  by  which  he  is  best 
known  :  1.  Collection  of  Voyages  and  Travels,  Lon.,  1702, 
'05,  Svo.  New  ed.,  revised  and  continued  by  Dr.  John 
Campbell,  1744-48.  2  vols.  fol.  Consisting  of  above  six 
hundred  of  the  most  authentic  writers  fnmi  Columbus  to 
Anson.  This  collection  is  compiled  from  Hakluyt,  Pur- 
chas,  Ramusio,  Thevenot,  De  Bry,  Herrera,  Ac. 

'■  As  to  Harris's  Collection,  let  any  one  inspect  the  curious  con- 
tents only  of  the  lirst  volume,  as  exhibited  by  Mr.  Harris  in  his 
valuable  Catalogue  of  the  Library  of  the  Koyal  Institulion,p.  2U0, 
and  he  will  not  hesitate  a  moment  respecting  the  importance  of 
the  M-ork.'' — Dibdin''s  Lib.  Covi]). 

'■  It  appears  to  have  been  got  up  in  competition  with  Churchiirs 
Collection,  but  differs  entiiely  from  that  work,  being  a  hi^tfjri/  of 
all  the  known  voyages  and  travels,  whereas  Churchill's  is  a  collec- 
tion of  some  particular  relations  and  histories.' — liich's  Bibl.  Avicr. 
JSova. 

See  Churchill,  Ow'-NSHAM  and  John;  Campbell,  John, 
LL.D. ;  Hakluyt,  Richahp;  Osborne,  Thomas;  Pink- 
ERTON,  John.  2.  Lexicon  Technicum  ;  or,  an  Universal 
Dictionary  of  Arts  and  Sciences :  explaining  not  only  the 
Terms  of  Art,  but  the  Arts  themselves,  2  vols,  fob,  1704, 
Ac.  5  eds.  appeared  before  1741,  when  a  Supp.  was  pub. 
This  is  the  first  of  the  respectable  line  of  English  Eney- 
clopicdias,  of  which  the  Sth  edit,  of  the  Encyclopedia 
Britannica,  now  (1858)  in  course  of  publication,  is  the 
last.     See  Bowyer's  criticism  on  the  terms  Cyclopicdia  and 


IIAR 


£,.cyclop«,din,  in  our  life  of  Ephra.m  Cha mbebs.     3  H,s 
torv  of  Kent ;  containing  its  Topography.  Civil  and  Eccles. 
Ilist     &c  ,  1719,  2  vols.  fol.  Posth.     Left  incomplete,  and 
verv'inaceurato'  also,  at  his  death.     In  1C9SD,.  Harris 
preached  the  course  of  Bojlo  Lectures:  see  Boyle  Lec- 

'"narr!;;- J^nf'lillh^P  of  Llandafi;  1729,  d.  1738. 

^XrAll'john^M.D.     Con.  to  Mem.  Med.,  1799.  . 

Harris  John,  D.D.,  a  Dissenting  div.ue,  Pnnc.pal 
of  Now  cJuege,  St.  John's  Wood,  London,  was  born  at 
uiorough,  Devonshire,  in  1804,  and  entered  Hoxton 
Co^lle'e  as  a  student  of  divinity  in  1823  Ho  preached 
for  some  time  at  Epsom,  and  in  1837  became  Prof  of 
Theology  in  Cheshunt  College.  On  the  occasion  of  tho  amal- 
eamatinn,  in  1850,  of  the  Independent  colleges  of  Il.gh- 
f  urv  Ilomerton,  and  Coward,  into  New  Co  lego  Dr.  Harris 
bc..;,u.e  Principal  of  the  Institute,  and  its  Professor  of 
Thcolo-v  Dr  Harris  died  December  21,  ISob.  As  an 
author.'Di-.  Harris  attained  a  wide  celebrity  l>oth  in 
Europe  and  America.  1.  The  Great  Teacher,  Lon.  1835 
D  8vo.  2.  The  Christian  Citizen;  a  !5erm.,cr.Syo.  3.  Ihe 
Witnessing  Church  ;  a  Perm.,  Svo.  4.  Britannia;  or.  The 
Condition^nd  Claims  of  Seamen,  1837,  Svo.  New  ed., 
1853   D  Svo.     This  obtained  a  prize  of  ±50. 

.-rhis  is  an  excellent  and  powerful  appeal  in  aid  of  the  ohjec  s 
of  ibe  BritM  and  foreign  S, tors'  Socnl,,.  and  we  conp-.-itulate 
?helocMv  on  having  f™nd  so  able  an  advocate  as  Mr.  Hams 
proves  himself  to  be."— io>!.^V<"''i'.'"'«'!'.-  ,„,. 

6.  Covetousness  the  sin  of  the  Christian  Church,  18.36, 
n  Svo  New  ed.,  1851,  p.  Svo.  This  essay  obtained  a 
Irnlol  iTh^tired  giiLas.  About  90,000  to  100,000 
copies  have  been  sold  to  the  present  time.  (ISob.)  We 
have  already  alluded  to  the  censure  which  it  elici  ed:  see 
Ellabv,  James,  and  A.  S.  Thelwall;  Lon  Presby  erian 
Review,  Aug.  1837.  6.  Union;  or.  The  Divided  Church 
made  One,  1836,  p.  Svo.     New  ed.,  1851.  p.  Svo. 

"  We  cordially  recommend  the  Essay  to  our  readers.  « /^PPrars 
to  us  mo,e  than  worth  all  the  schemes  of  comprebens.nn  th.it  tave 
ever  b"eT propounded,  or  all  the  henolicons  or  concordats  that 
have  ever  been  imagined."— ion.  Eclectic  Jiemw. 

-All  the  writings  of  Mr.  Harris  are  excellent,  and  deservedly 
popi^ar.  It  is  very  lemark.^ble  that  they  tend  to  elevate  t\ie  tone 
Kh'  Man  principle,  and  to  Uindle  and  purify  the  zeal  ol  l.od  s 
m-ofe"i.iK  olopl, ,  more  than  those  of  any  other  I.vmi-  author. 
That  t  Is  obect  has  been  undertaken  by  Mr  Ilanis  is  to  us 
Blatter  of  bi^h  g.alilication.  It  is  one  very  worthy  of  his  mastei- 
Sud'^md  onertbe  claims  of  which  be  has  rV^'^.r^ '"J^^'V™ 
tractive,  if  not  in  every  part  absolutely  irresistible.' -ion.  A«« 

*;"\^:"u.s'Iffto  give  it  the  most  cordial  recommendation,  as  a 
pr,,lucti,.n  which^-vinces  a  bright  intellect  .a  , nous  disposilion, 
and  a  catholic  and  lovine  spii  it."-i"«-  SapUd  J<cr«s,t„r!,. 

7  The  Great  Commission,  1842,  p.  8vo.  New  ed.,  1S52, 
p.  Svo.  This  essay  on  Christian  Missions  obtained  a  prize 
of  two  hundred  guineas.  ._         ..     .  „■■ 

"The  production,  in  all  its  departments,  hears  the  impress  of 
the  hand  of  a  consummate  artist.  The  symmetry,  the  pmpor  >on 
of  pa? ts  to  parts,  is  all  hut  perfect.  The  matenabs  are  ..klllolly 
selected :  they  are  rich,  varied,  and  appropriate.  Nothing  is  want- 
in"  that  knowledge,  research,  or  invention  could  supply.  The 
work  throughout  bespeaks  the  Christian,  the  philosopher,  the 
man  of  letters,  and,  rarest  of  all,  the  man  of  business.  — i»". 

■'^"It^is  anfagnificent  production.  Comprehensive  in  plan:  ad- 
mirable in  arransemeut;  elegant  in  diction  ;  happy  m  illust.ation; 
co"ent  and  conclusive  in  reasoning,  and  powerlul  in  appeal.  It 
?5  a  volume  which  the  church  of  Christ,  if  true  to  her  interests 
and  faithful  to  the  responsibilities  of  her  high  vocation,  never 
must  never  can,  ■  willingly  let  die.'  It  is  an  honour  to  our  country, 
"boon  to  our  churches,  a  blessing  to  the  world."-io-..  Chr,,Uan 

T"The  Pre-Adamite  Earth,  1847,  Svo.  New  ed.,  1850, 
Svo.  This  is  the  first  of  a  series  of  which  three  works 
have  been  pub.     See  also  Nos.  9  and  10-  ,    .      , 

"  The  work  exhibits  great  research  and  power  of  analysis,  clear 
and  profound  reasoning  and  demonstrations.  The  ""^Pt  '^ 
made,  and  we  think  successfully,  to  show  that  there  ,s  a  thenlogy 
in  nature  which  is  ultimately  one  with  the  theology  of  the  liiblo. 
— io)i.  Bililiad  Ilepmittiry.  i    -i  •„ 

"We  estimate  hi-lilv  Dr.  Harris's  book.    In  many  respects  it  is 
the  best  book  of  the  kind  we  have  seen.  .  .  .  To  those  who  ,vill  take 
the  trouble  to  read  it  throu^.h,  we  feel  assured  that  it  lylll  prove  a 
source  of  instruction  and  elevating  thought.'  —Lon.  AUmmnm. 
9.  Man  Primeval,  1849,  Svo.  . 

■•  His  ,-,-nious  and  beautiful  illustrations  of  the  successive  laws 
of  the  lli>  ine  viaiiifestation  have  yielded  us  inexpressible  delight. 

~"  We  do 'not  believe  that  in  any  treatise  in  our  language  man's 
relation  to  the  system  and  order  of  things  to  which  he  belongs 
hasever  been  so  fully  and  satisfactorily  developed."-£<m.  Evan- 

"''irPatriarchy ;  or.  The  Family,  its  Constitutioii  Ac, 
1855  Svo.  A  collective  ed.  of  the  Works  of  Dr.  Harris 
was  pub.  in  183S,  Lon.,  4  vols.  r.  12mo  We  have  quoted 
but  from  a  few  of  the  commendations  before  us  of  the  works 


IIAR 

of  this  distinguished  divine.     We  feel  unwilling  to  close 
without  brief  citations  from  two  well-known  authorities : 

"  Harris's  Great  Teacher,  Mammon,  The  Great  Commission  4c. 
have  been  received  with  extraordinary  approbation  by  almost  all 
cla™es  of  rehgtous  people :  and  are  justly  entitled  to  the  app  ansa 
which  they  have  commanded.  They  are  not  more  remarkable  for 
the  ele-anee  ,.f  their  diction  than  for  the  spirit  ol  pure  and  fervent 
devotiim  by  which  they  are  pervaded."-/<r.  E.  Wdluxviis  Clirus- 

"""'ms'cmrt  power  is  the  exhaustion  and  ingenious  illustration 
of  tonics.  His  manner  of  writing  has  a  quiet  earnestness  about 
?t  which  is  very  impressive,  and  which  cb.aracterizes  his  mode  of 
™,blic  address  He  deserves  great  praise  for  the  lively  graces  of 
Slavimomlbr  he  manful  and^iasterful  execution  f  th»  Q^^* 
T™her  a  book  which  contains  the  most  successful  full-length 
portraiture  of  the  Divine  Man  we  have  read,  and,  since  the  first 
edi  ion  of  this  work  appeared,  for  two  very  vigorous  and  or|g,nal 
books  on  the  Pre-Adaiiite  Karlh,  and  Man  Primeval  -G^^  s 
F,rsi  Gallay  of  Lil.^ary  Mraits,  3d  ed.,  Lon  1S61  H;^l"-  . 
See  also  Lon.  Eclectic  Review,  4th  S.,  iv.  303  ,  ixi.  1^7  , 
xxvi  612;  Brit.  Quar.  Rev.,  V.  387  ;  South.  Quar.  Rev., 
xxl  48  ;  Bost.  Chris.  Rev.,  vii.  379  ;  by  D  W.  Phillips, 
xiv   402  ;  bv  A.  P.  Peabody.  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  Ixx.  391.      ^ 

Most  of  Dr.  Harris's  works  have  been  republished  in 
neat  style  by  Gould  &  Lincoln,  of  Boston. 

Harris,  Joseph.  Dramas  and  poems,  1691-17U-i. 
See  Bi..g.  Dramat. ;  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit.  ,   j   i-fi. 

Harris,  Joseph,  Assay-Master  of  the  Mint,  d.  Ii64, 
pub.  mathemat.  and  other  treatises,  1730-75,  of  which  tho 
following  is  the  best-known:  An  Essay  upon  Money  and 
Coins:  in  Two  Parts,  Lon.,  1767,  Svo. 

"This  is  one  of  the  very  b.st  treatises  on  money  and  coins  that 
have  ever  been  published."-il/c«,«oc/,'s  Lil  of  m,t  feoii.,  l-v. 
Harris,   Joseph,    Secretary   to   Vicc-Admiral   Mil- 
b.ankc,  d.  1789.  aged  31.     Naval  Characters,  Ac. 

Harris,  Moses.  1.  The  Aurclian;  or,  Nat.  Hist,  ot 
English  Moths  and  Butterflies,  Lon.,  1766,  fob,  1776,  _^S2, 
410°  A  copy  on  vellum,  in  Edwards's  C.at.alogue  lor  1|96, 
was  marked  £52  10«.  See  a  learned  paper  upon  this  sub- 
iect  with  a  review  of  this  work,  in  the  Lon.  Retrosp.  Rev., 
N  '^  i  ''30-''45  1827.  A  new  eil.  of  the  Aurclian,  by  J. 
O'  Westwood,  was  pub.  by  H.  G.  Bohn  in  1840,  sm.  fob, 
44  plates  £4  4».  This  is  the  only  work  which  contains 
the  English  moths  and  butterflies  of  the  full  natural  size, 
in  all  their  changes  of  Caterpillar,  Chrysalis,  Ac,  with  tho 
plants  on  which  they  feed.  ,.      ,    t,     ,    . 

2  The  Eni'lish  Lepidoptera;  or.  The  Aurelian  s  Pocket- 
Companion,  °1775,  Svo.  3.  An  Exposition  of  English  In- 
sects, in  Eng.  and  Frciich,  Lon.,  1776,  '82,  r.  4to,  50  plates. 
A  work  of  great  value. 

"Moses  Harris  %vas  the  best  painter  and  engraver  of  insects  of 
his  day,  besides  beiic<  a  most  accurate  describer."— SWAINSOS. 

Harris,  Kev.  Uaymoiul.  Slave  Trade,  Liverp., 
178S,  Svo. 

Harris,  Richard.  Concordia  Anghcana  do  prima- 
tur  Keel.  Regio,  Ac,  Lon.,  1612,  Svo.  In  English,  with 
addits..  1614.  4to.  ^     . 

Harris,  Ilobcrt,  D.D.,  1578-1658,  a  Puritan  divine, 
a  native  of  Gloucestershire,  educated  at  Magdalen  Hall, 
Oxford,  obtained  the  living  of  Hanwell,  Oxfordshire; 
President  of  Trin.  Coll.,  Oxford,  164S-58.  He  pub.  a 
number  of  Semis.  Ac,  1618-42,  and  Two  Letters  m  vin- 
dic  of  himself,  1648,  4to.  Works  collected,  1635,  fob; 
with  some  addit.  serms.,  1654,  fob  Bishop  Wilkins  classes 
him  among  tho  most  eminent  of  English  divines. 

"  \  farfamed  puritanical  preacher  of  his  time."— ^»ic)i.  Ozmi. 

"  A  man  of  ndiuirable  prudence,  profound  judgment,  eminent 

rifts  and  Riaces.  and  furnished  with  all  qualiflcations  »  bich  might 

render  him  a  complete  man,  a  wise  governor,  a  popular  Preacher, 

and  a  good  Chiistian."— Durham.  ,      „  ,,  ,  tt  i, 

See  Athen  Oxon.,  and  the  Annals,  Colleges,  and  Halls, 

and  Wood's  Life;  Harris's  Life,  by  Durham,  1660,  12mo; 

Warton's  Lifeof  Bathurst,146,  antl  of  Sir  Thomas  Pope,446. 

Harris,  S.,  D.D.,  Prof,  of  Mod.  Hist,  in  the  Univ.  of 

Caiub.     A   Comment  on    the   53d  Chap,  of  Isaiah,  Lon., 

'"  This  is  a  curious  and  learned  book,  which  is  commended  by 
Dr.  Doddridge."-Ori)ic's  BiW.  .B.-i-. 

Harris,  T.     Covent-Garden  Theatre,  176S. 

Harris,  Thad.leus  Blasoii,  D.D.,  1768-1842,  a 
native  of  Charlcstown,  Mass.,  graduated  at  Harvard  Col- 
lege in  1787,  and  was  librarian  of  that  institution  from 
1791  to  1793.  In  1793  he  became  pastor  of  a  Congrega- 
tional church  in  Dorchester,  and  retained  this  post  until 
his  death.  He  pub.  many  Sermons  and  Addresses,  and 
several  valuable  works.  We  notice  :—l.  Discourses  m 
favour  of  Free-Masonry,  Charlestown,  1801,  Svo.  2.  The 
Minor  Encyclopedia,  1803,  4  vols.  3.  Journal  of  a  Tour 
into  the  Territory  northwest  of  the  Alleghany  Mountains 
in  1803,  Bost..,  1805,  Svo.  4.  A  Natural  History  of  the 
Bible,  1821,  Svo.  Other  eds.,  some  of  which  arc  entitled, 
A  Dictionary  of  the  Nat.  Hist,  of  the  Bible,  Lon.,  1824, 


HAR 

8vo;  1S25,  12mo.  New  ed.,  with  adclits.  and  corrections 
by  Josinh  Conder,  ISO  wood-cuts.  1S33-.'J4,  12mo.  In 
German,  at  Leipsic,  1825,  Svo.  We  have  alr'ead'y  noticed 
this  excellent  work  in  our  article  on  Carpenter,  Wil- 
LiAsi,  q.  V. 

"We  cheerfully  recommend  the  work  both  to  the  learned  and 
the  unlearned  reader,  as  containing  all  that  can  be  known  on  the 
sut.jecta  which  successively  occur.  Many  of  the  articles  will  be 
read  with  peat  interest :  and  in  those  in  which  curiosilv  is  most 
concerned,  the  author,  in  a  form  as  much  ahridfred  as  their  nature 
would  admit,  has  exhausted  all  the  learning  of  naturalists  and 
travellers;  and.  as  we  believe,  has  generally  come  to  the  right  re- 
sults. — S.  Wiliihd:  N.  Amer.  Jttv..  xix.  S6-92. 

This  eulogistic  notice  is  "cheerfully  .adopted"  by  the 
distinguished  Biblical  scholar,  the  Rev.T.  Hartwell  ilornc, 
D.D. ;  see  his  Bibl.  Bib.  Mr.  Bickersteth  also  commends 
Dr.  Harris's  work:  see  his  Christian  .Student. 

"  This  is  an  excellent  book,  containing  descriptions  of  all  the  ani- 
mals, insects,  and  precious  stones,  which  are  mentioned  iu  the 
Scriptures.  They  are  alphabetically  arranged;  and  thus,  while 
the  volume  cannot  fell  to  be  valuable  and  interesting  to  the  youn" 
reader,  it  is  well  adapted  to  the  more  mature  and  eiiperienced  "— 
Lon.  Lit.  Gazette. 

5.  Jlemorials  of  the  First  Church  in  Dorchester;  in  Two 
Discourses,  Host.,  1830,  Svo.  6.  Biographical  Memoirs 
of  James  Oglethorpe,  Founder  of  the  Colony  of  Geor^-ia 
in  N.  America,  ISil,  Svo.  " 

'•Considering  the  nature  of  his  materi.als,  the  author's  task  w.is 
neither  inviting  nor  easy  ;  but  it  has  been  well  executed  and  he 
has  rendered  a  just  triliute  to  the  meniorv  of  a  distinguished  bene- 
factor of  mankind,  and  a  valuable  service  to  the  history  of  his 
country."— J AKED  .Sp.iRKS:  A'.  Amer.  Eer.,  liii.  44S,-47S. 

A  biographical  notice  of  Dr.  Harris,  by  Dr.  Frothingham 
will  be  found  in  the  Mass.  Hist.  Soc.  Coll.,  4th  S.,  ii.  13o' 
"A  ni.in  of  a  good  deal  of  learning  in  New  Kngland  antiquities  '' 
— liON.  Ldward  Everett:  see  conclusion  of  the  next  article. 

Harris,  Thaddeus  William,  M.D.,  grad.  at  Har- 
v.ud  College,  1815,  d.  1856,  son  of  the  preceding,  was  a 
resident  of  Cambridge,  Mass.,  and  had  been  Librarian  of 
Harvard  College  from  1831  to  the  time  of  his  decease. 
Dr.  Harris  was  a  distinguished  entomologist,  and  as  an 
author  was  extensively  known  by  A  Report  on  the  Insects 
of  Massachusetts  Injurious  to  Vegetation,  Cambridge, 
1841,  Svo. 

'*  M'e  hardl; 
at  the  same 
set;  and  th 

tion  to  meet  the  expectations  of  the  learned,  it  answers  the  more 
impoitant  purpose  of  placing  the  means  of  knowledge  in  every 
man  s  hands.  '—N.  Amer.  Kei:,  liv.  73-101. 

A  second  impression  of  this  Report,  somewhat  enlarced 
was  pub.  by  the  author  in  1842,  Svo,  pp.  45il,  under^the 
title  of  A  Treatise  on  some  of  the  Insects  of  New  Eng- 
land which  are  Injurious  to  Vegetation.  A  new  ed.  ?f 
this  valuable  work,  revised  and  enlarged  by  the  addition 
of  about  fifty  p.ages,  was  pub.  (under  the  title  just  quoted) 
in  1852,  Svo.  See  a  notice  in  N.  Aiucr.  Rev.,' l.xxvi.  255- 
256.  Dr.  Harris's  Report  was  drawn  up  by  him  in  an 
official  capacity;  and  we  cannot  confer  a  greater  honour 
upon  his  memory  than  by  quoting  the  following  hi^h 
testimony  to  his  scientific  erudition  :  ° 

_  "The  late  Dr.  Thaddeus  William  Harris  was  one  of  the  commis- 
sioners appointed  for  the  Zoologi,-.al  and  Dotanical  ,«urvev  of  Mis- 
sachusclts  while  I  was  Governor  of  the  state,  in  1837.  the  ento- 
moln-i,  al  ,l,.|,ai  tnient  w.-is  entrusted  to  him;  and  in  this  country 
De  bad-  :it  Ih,.  tiiiie,  no  superior,  if  he  had  an  equal,  which  I  doubt  ■' 
o^""i,.  ''TlMtf '"^"'^^  ■  '"  "  ''''""' '"  ""  ^""'°''  "■''""^  Diclion- 
Harris,  Thorn.  The  Excellency  of  the  Handy  Work 
of  the  Royal  H;in.l,  Lon.,  16C5,  4to. 

Harris,  Thomas.  The  Arminian  Priests  Last  Pe- 
tition, 1642,  4to.     In  verse. 

Harris,  Thomas 
*35.  Svo. 


irdly  know  where  to  find  a  summary  so  condensed  and 
lie  time,  so  complete.  It  removes  all'difflculty  at  the  out- 
lius.  while  this  Heport  is  sufflcientlv  scientitic'in  itsexecu- 


Crude  Mercury,  Lon.,  1732,  '34, 

Harris,  Thomas.     Serins.,  1733,  '49,  '65. 

Harris,  Thomas,  M.D..  Surgeon  U.  S.  Navy.  Life 
of  Com.  Wm.  Bainl.ridge,  Phila.,  1S37,  Svo. 

Harris,  Thomas,  of  Baltimore.  1.  Modern  Entries 
New  ed..  by  H.  D.  Evans,  Bait..  1831-32,  2  vols.  Svo.  2  In 
conjunction  with  J.  McHcnry,  Maryland  Reports,  1700-99 
N.  York  and  Annap.,  1809-lS,  4' vols.  Svo.  3.  In  con- 
junction with  R.  Johnson,  Maryland  Reports,  1800-''6 
Annap.,  1821-27,  7  vols.  Svo.  4.  In  conjunction  with  Ik' 
W.  Gill,  Maryland  Reports,  1826-29,  2  vols.  Svo. 

Harris,  Thomas  L.  1.  An  Epic  of  the  Starry  Hea- 
vens, N  York,  1854.  12mo.  2.  Lyric  of  the  Morning  Land, 
1651,  12mo.     3.  A  Lyric  of  the  Golden  Age,  1856,  I2mo 

Harris,  Tucker,  M.D.,  1747-1821,  a  native  of 
Charleston,  pub.  some  essays  in  the  Medical  Journal  of 
Philadelphia.     See  Thacher's  Medical  Biography 

Harris,  W.,  LL.D.  Elements  of  the  Chaldeo  Lan- 
guage. Lm,.,  1822,  Svo.     Intended  as  a  supplement  to  the 


W.VR. 

Hebrew  Grammar,  and  a  general  introduction  to  the  Ara- 
mean  dialects. 

Harris,  Sir  W.  S.  1.  Eff-ects  of  Lightning  on  Float- 
ing  Bodies,  Lon.,  4to.  2.  Nature  of  Thunder  Storms, 
1843,  Svo.  3.  Rudiments  of  Electricity,  1849.  '51.  12ino. 
4.Rudimentary  Magnetism,  1850,  12mo.  Part  3.  1852, 
12mo.  5.  Rudimentary  Treatise  on  Galvanism.  1855, 12mo' 

Harris,  or  Harries,  Walter,  IVI.D..  b.  nt  Glouces- 
ter, England,  ab..ut  1647.  Physician  to  William  IIL.  pub. 
a  number  of  professional  works,  1676-1727,  among  which 
IS  Dissertationes  Jledicaj  ct  Chirurgicw,  Ac,  Lou.,  1725, 
Svo.     See  Athcn.  Oxon.,  and  the  work  just  named. 

Harris,  Walter.  1.  Hist,  of  William  Henry,  Prince 
of  Nassau  and  Orange.  King  of  England,  ic,  Dnbl.,  1749, 
fol.  2.  Fiction  Unmasked,  relative  to  the  Irish  Rebellion 
and  Massacre,  1752,  Svo.  3.  Hibcrnica ;  or,  some  Ancient 
Pieces  relating  to  Ireland,  1757,  fob;  1770,  Svo.  A  work 
of  great  value.  4.  Hist,  and  Anliq.  of  Dublin,  1766,  Svo. 
Harris  edited  Sir  James  Ware's  Works  on  Ireland,  viz.: 
The  Whole  Works  of  Sir  James  Ware  concerning  Ireland,' 
revised  and  improved,  1739-45,  2  vols.  fol.  The  Whole 
Works  of  Sir  James  Ware  concerning  Ireland,  trans,  into 
English,  revised  and  improved.  1764,  2  vols.  fol.  See 
Dibdin's  Lib.  Comp..  ed.  1825,  250,  252,  258:  Lowndes's 
Bibl.  Man,  art.  Ware,  Sir  James. 

Harris,  Wm.,  D.D.,  1675  ?-l  740,  a  Dissenting  divine, 
pastor  of  a  congregation  in  Crutched-Friars,  London,  for 
thirty  years  one  of  the  preachers  of  a  Friday  Evening 
Lecture,  and  one  of  the  continuators  of  Matthew  Henry's 
Commentary  on  the  Bible.  He  pub.  a  number  of  occa- 
sional serms.,  ic,  1704-37;  The  Life  of  Dr.  Thos.  Man- 
ton,  1725,  Svo,  and  in  M.anton's  Works;  Two  Serm.s. 
against  Woolaston.  1 728,  Svo. ;  and  the  following  series  of 
Discourses,  by  which  he  is  best  known  :— 1.  Practical  Dis- 
courses on  the  Principal  Representations  of  the  Messiah, 
1724,  Svo.  2.  Funeral  Discourses.  1736,  Svo.  Dr.  Harris 
"  Was  reckoned  the  greatest  master  of  the  English  tongue 
among  the  Dissenters.  His  style  is  plain  and  easy,  his  thoughts 
substantial." — Da.  Doddridge. 

"Hanks  among  those  who  have  embellished  our  lanc-nan-e" 

BoGVE  AND   Bennett.  °     ° 

Harris,  Wm.,  D.D.,  1720-1770.  a  Dissenting  divine, 
a  native  of  Salisbury,  pub.  a  number  of  vahnable  biogra- 
phies, viz. :  of  Hugh  Peter.s,  1751,  Svo  ;  of  James  L,  1753, 
Svo;  of  Charles  I.,  1758,  Svo;  of  Oliver  Cromwell,  1762, 
Svo;  of  Charles  IL,  1766,  2  vols.  Svo.  New  ed.  of  all, 
with  a  Life  of  the  Author,  1814,  5  vols.  Svo.  The  "  Regal 
Biographies"  are  alter  the  manner  of  Bayle :  i.e.,  illus- 
trated with  copious  notes.  The  historical  reader  should 
not  fail  to  procure  these  invaluable  vols.  In  his  opinions 
Harris  favoured  republican  sentiments: 

"His  reasonings  are  strongly  tinged  with  his  early  prejudices; 
but  his  facts  are,  in  general,  narrated  with  fidelity,  and  the  evi- 
dence on  both  sides  is  given  without  mutilatiou." 

"Crabbed  as  m.ay  be  the  composition  and  combat,able  the  opi- 
nions of  the  author,  yet  these  volumes  must  have  a  place  in  .i 
well-stored  library.  Harris  is  perhaps,  with  two  exceptions,  the 
most  HO(e-able  writer  in  the  English  language.  All  his  works  are 
professed  to  be  •  taken  from  Original  Writings  and  State  Papers.'" 
— Dibdin's  Lib.  Crmip. 

Harris's  faithfulness  as  an  historian  is  endorsed  by  one 
of  the  most  eminent  of  modern  historical  students.  Prof 
Smyth. 
Notice  of  the  Life  of  Charles  the  First : 
"A  general  summary  of  the  particulars  of  this  reign,  not  very 
Sivourable  to  the  king,  will  be  found  in  Harriss  Lili  of  Charles 
theHrst.     Harris  fr,itilH.s  the  pnsitions  in  bis  text,  like  Bavie,  hv 
copious  notes,  which  w  ill,  at    l,.,,.r,  bring  the  subi„.t.  and  kll  the 
learning  that  b,.|..iigs  t.p  il,  in  hill  review  beliiro  the  reader." 
Notice  of  the  Life  of  Oliver  Cromwell: 
"  There  is  a  Life  of  Cromwell,  by  Harris,  in  the  manner  of  his 
other  historical  treatises,  and  equally  valuable," 
Notice  of  the  Life  of  Charles  the  Second  : 
".\fter  the  perusal  of  Mr,  Hume,  we  may  turn  to  the  Life  of 
Charles  the  Second,  by  H-arris.    The  notes  are  full  of  infiirination 
and  ot  particulars  which  the  reader  may  not  have  an  opportunity 
ot  selecting  frmn  their  original  sources,  or,  indeed,  of  readily  find- 
ing in  any  other  manner." 

The  above  notices  are  taken  from  the  Lects.  on  Mod. 
Hist. 

H.arris  contributed  a  paper  on  Roman  antiquities  in  G 
Brit,  t.i  the  Areba-ol.,  1770. 

Harris,  William,  Librarian  of  the  Royal  Institution 
of  Great  Britain.  A  Catalogue  of  the  Library  of  the  Royal 
Institution.  Methodically  Arranged,  with  an  Alphabetical 
List  of  Author.?,  Lon,,  1S09,  Svo :  1821,  r,  Svo.  No  library, 
no  bibliographer,  should  be  without  this  excellent  cata^ 
logue.  It  has  already  come  under  our  notice.  See  BuR- 
NEY,  Charles,  Jr.,  D.D. 

"  If  a  lucid  order,  minute  and  correct  description  of  the  volumes 
of  an  admirably.choseu  library,  accompanied  with  a  copious  and 
laithful  alphabetical  index,  be  recommendations  with  the  biblio- 


HAR 

grapher.  the  present  volume  will  not  be  found  wanting  upon  his 
E-helf.  It,  is  the  most  useful  ImoU  of  its  kind  ever  published  in 
this  country.  Let  the  I'ibliouKiniar  hasten  to  st-i/.e  on^  of  the  five 
rem:iining  copies  onlv  (out  ot  th.'  fifty  whii-h  were  printedj  upon 
L^ix.K  Paper."— Z>i'«/(>(s  Biblunnania^  ed.  184.;,  99.  And  see 
Dibdiii's  Lib.  rnni))  .  ed.  IS'J5. 

Harris,  William  A.,  M.D.,  U.  S.  Navy.  A  Practi- 
cal Manual  on  Diseases  of  the  Heart  and  Great  Vessels  ; 
trans,  from  the  French,  Phila. 

"This  is  an  exrellent  epitome  of  a  large  and  important  class  of 
disea'ies.  especially  as  t'l  tli;t,rnosis." — Mr<i.-C'n'r.  li'n: 

Harris,  Sir  William  C'ornwallis,  Major  II.  E.  I. 
B.  C.  Engineers.  1.  WiUl  Sports  in  Southern  Africa  in  1830- 
37,  1839,  Svo;  4th  ed.,  1841,  imp.  Svu;  5th  ed.,  1849,  imp. 
8vo. 

"  We  must  here  take  our  leave  of  Captain  Harris's  most  amusing 
narnitivt'.  The  whole  of  it  will  l.e  read  with  great  pleasure  and 
profit.  .  .  .  The  Zoologist  will  find  io  this  book  many  valuable 
accounts  of  the  habits  of  animals  of  the  greatest  raiity;  and  the 
sportsman  wilt  read  of  scenes  of  the  most  stirring  desuiiption,  and 
of  shots  which  leave  nothing  more  to  be  wished  from  'eye,  hand, 
lead,  .ind  gunpowder."' — L'-n.  Qtutr.  Bev..  Ixiv.  188-232. 

2.  Game  and  Wild  Animals  of  Africa,  1839.  Svo,  £10 
lOs. ;  hirge  paper,  £21:  2d  ed.,  1844,  imp.  Svo;  3d  ed., 
1849,  imp.  Svo.  3.  Highlands  of  Ethiopia,  2d  ed.,  1844, 
3  vols.  Svo. 

''The  intelligent  and  animated  volumes  of  which  we  have  now 
given  a  birds  eye  view  we  regard  as  rivalling  in  interest  and  im- 
portance any  book  of  travels  of  this  century." — BlachivofHVs  Mag. 

"A  work  of  extraordinary  interest  and  value;  a  narrative  which 
will  take  a  peruianent  place  in  the  library  as  the  Vxst  authority 
ever  yet  gi\  en  to  the  world  on  all  the  subjects  to  which  it  relates." 
— JTorrif/u  and  O'loiiiul  lirv. 

4.  Illustrations  »f  Ethiopia,  1845,  r.  4to. 
Harris,  Sir  William  Snow.  See  HARnis,  Sir  W.  S, 
Harrison,  Dr.   Tbreui  lliherniei.  &c.,  Lon.,  1659,  4to. 
Harrison,  Amos.  8erms.,«fec.,  Lon..  1724-43,  all  Svo. 
Harrison,  Benjamin,  Archtleacon   of  Maidstone, 
and  Canon  of  Canterbury.     1.  Interpret,  of  the  Rubrics, 
Lon..  1845.  Svo.     2.  Warburtoniau  Lects.  (12)  on  the  Pro- 
phecies, 1849,  Svo.      3.   Serms.  on   the   English  Church, 
1850,  Svo. 

Harrison,  D,  J,,  Curate  of  St.  Peters,  ■\Valworth. 
Serm.  on  the  I)cath  of  the  Duke  of  "Wellington,  Lon., 
1862,  12nio. 

Harrison,  Anthony.     Poet,  works,  1794,  1806. 
Harrison,  Capt.  David.      Distressful  Voyage,  &c. 
of  C.  II..  of  the  Sloop  Peggy,  Lon.,  1766,  Svo. 

Harrison,  Edward.     Longitude,  Lon.,  1696,  Svo. 
Harrison,  Edward,  M.D.     Profess,  treatises,  Lon., 
1782.  1810. 

Harrison,  George.  Addresses  on  the  Slave  TraJe. 
Ednvation.  Ac.  1792-1810. 

Harrison,  George.  Act  rel.  to  Land  Tax,  3d  ed., 
1S()2. 

Harrison,  Sir  George.     Frngments  and  Scraps  of 

History.  Ac,  Lon,,  1834,  2  vols.  r.  4to.     Privately  printed. 

Sir  George  was  a  diligent  collector  of  historical  materials. 

Harrison,  Sir  George.     An  Expos,  on  the  Laws, 

(fee.  of  the  Slaniiaries  in  Cornwall.  Lon.,  1835,  Svo. 

Harrison,  Gessner,  M.D.,  Prof,  of  Ancient  Lan- 
guages in  the  Univ.  of  Virginia.  1.  Exposition  of  Some  of 
the  Laws  of  the  Latin  Grammar,  N.  York,  1 852, 12mo.  Com- 
mended. 2.  On  the  Greek  Prepositions.  Phila.,  185S,  Svo. 
Harrison,  Gustavus.  Agriculture  Delineated;  or. 
The  Farmer's  Complete  Guide,  Lon.,  1775,  Svo. 

Harrison,  Kev.  J.  The  Etymological  Enchiridion, 
Pre.^tun,  1823,  12mo. 

Harrison,  J.  B.  Louisiana,  <tc.  Reports,  N.  Orleans, 
1839-40,  4  vols.  Svo.     See  Marvin's  Leg.  Bibl.,  372. 

Harrison,  James,  a  bookseller,  who  was  employed 
by  Lady  Hamilton  in  compiling  the  Genuine  Memoirs  of 
Lord  Viscount  Nelson,  1806,  2  vols.  Svo.  He  is  also  sup- 
posed to  be  the  editor  of  the  Correspondence  between 
Lord  Nelson  and  Lady  Hamilton,  1813,  2  vols.  Svo.  See 
a  review  of  this  work  by  Lord  Brougham,  in  the  Edin. 
Rev.,  xxiii.  398-410,  and  in  his  collected  Contrib.  to  Edin. 
Kev.,  iii.  267-279. 

Harrison,  James.  Biography  of  Eminent  Persons, 
Lon.,  2  vols.  r.  Svo. 

Harrison,  John.  Yet  a  Course  at  the  Romish  Foxe, 
Zurit-h,  1543,  16nto.     Attributed  to  Bp.  John  Bale. 

Harrison,  John.  The  Messiah  already  Come,  Amst, 
1619,  4to.     Other  works,  1619,  '33,  both  4to. 

Harrison,  John,  of  Cambridge,  Mass.  On  a  Small 
Species  of  Wasp;  Phil.  Trans..  1751. 

Harrison,  John,  1693-1776.  an  eminent  mechanic, 
received  from  the  English  Government  nearly  £24,000  for 
his  time-keepers,  liy  which  great  accuracy  was  obtained  in 
the  calculations  of  longitude.  The  Principles  of  Mr.  Har- 
rison's Time-Keeper  was  pub.,  Lon.,  1767,  4to.     For  a  list 


II AR 

of  other  publications  on  this  subject,  see  Lowndes's  Bibl. 
Man.:  Iluttnn's  Diet. ;  Annual  Register  for  1777.  As  an 
author,  Harrison's  style  was  so  uncouth  as  to  be  almost 
unintelligil'Ie. 

Harrison,  John,  Surgeon.  Med.  treatise.s,  Lon., 
1785-92. 

Harri.son,  John,  M.D.  Dissertatio  de  Pertuzi,  Got- 
ting:*',  1793,  4to. 

Harrison,  Joseph.  1.  Prac.  in  Ct.  of  Chan.,  Lon., 
1741.  2  vols.  8vo;  8th  ed..  by  W.  Parke,  1796,  2  vols.  Svoj 
9th  ed.,  by  J.  Newland.  1808.2  vid.s.  Svo.  Bqniiit..  Phila., 
1807,  Svo.  2.  Prac.  of  Ct.  of  K.  B.  and  C.  P.,  3761,  2  vols 
Svo. 

Harrison,  Joseph,  Floricultural  Cabinet.  1832-52, 
21  vols.  Svo.  Mr.  H.  also  publishes  the  Gardener's  Keeord, 
the  Garden  Almanack,  &c. 

Harrison,  Josiah.  1.  Laws  of  N.  Jersey.  1820-33, 
Camden,  1833,  Svo.  2.  N.  Jersey  Supreme  Ct.  Reports, 
1837-42,  4  vols.  Svo.  1839-43. 

Harrison,  Matthew,  Rector  of  Church-Oakley.  Ba- 
singstoke, Hants,  and  late  Fellow  of  Queen's  Coll..  0.\ford. 
The  Rise,  Progress,  and  Present  Structure  of  the  English 
Language,  Lon.,  1S4S,  p.  Svo  ;  2d  ed.,Phila.,  1856. 

'•  Tbi.s,  both  for  philosophical  astuteness  and  a  crilii.iil  insight 
into  and  exposilion  of  our  liviog  ton-^ue.  is  one  of  the  uioet  in- 
structive and  interesting  volumes  with  which  we  have  met  in  the 
louf;  course  of  our  grammatical  and  lingual  labours." — L'm.  Lite- 
retry  Gaz. 

-  Mr.  Harrison's  volume  contains  many  instructive  observations 
on  the  structure  of  the  languajxe,  and  a  very  copious  and  uf^eful 
collection  of  illustrations  on  most  points  connectt-d  with  Kni^ilish 
syntax  and  composition;  but  as  regards  the  history  of  the  Ian- 
g'uav^e.  and  its  relation  to  the  other  members  of  the  Teutonic 
family,  his  work  is  far  inferior  to  that  of  Dr.  Latham,  [The  Kuglish 
Languatje.]  The  latter  is  in  fact  only  too  full  and  ptofouud  for 
young  students." — EtUn.  A'cu.,  xcii.  3u8.  See  Latham.  H.  G. 
Harrison,  3Iichael.  Serms.,  Ac,  Lon.,  1691.  all  Svo, 
Harrison,  Nicholas  Bacon,  Lieut,  of  the  Marines. 
The  Travellers:  a  Comedy.  Lon..  1788,  '89,  Svo. 

Harrison,  R.     Catholic  Protestant,  York,  1780,  Svo, 
Harrison.  K.     Serms.,  1813,  Svo. 
Harrison,  R.  Tarrant.     1.  Digested  Index  to  all 
the  Decisions  in  Cts.  of  Law  and  Equity.  Lon.,  1837-56. 
Continued  annually.     See  Harrison,  S.  B. 

Harrison,  Ralph,  a  Unitarian  minister.  Serms., 
with  his  Life,  &.c.  by  J.  Holland,  Manchester,  1813,  Svo. 

"  I'he  productions  oi"  no  oi  dinary  mind.  .  .  .  The  styV  is  pi-rspi- 
curni';  and  neat,  and  sometimes  ele.L'ant." — Lon.  Month.  Iiiposilory. 

Harrison,  Richard.     Catechisms,  1583,  Svo. 
Harrison,  Richard.     Serms.,  Lon.,  1767-81. 
Harrison,  Robert.     Serms.,  1672,  &c. 
Harrison,   Robert.      Tempest    at   Oxford,    Oxon., 

1682.  4to. 

Harrison,  S.  B.  1.  Evidence,  Lon.,  1825,  12mo. 
2.  Analytical  I)ige:-t  of  Cases  in  H.  of  Lords,  &c.,  1756- 
1S43 ;  3d  ed..  by  K.  Tarrant  Harrison,  1844,  4  vols.  r.  Svo. 
Continued  to  1852,  3  vols.  r.  Svo.  See  Warren's  Law  Stu- 
dies, 2d  ed.,  780  ;  Marvin's  Leg.  Bibl.,  372.  3.  Wondfall'a 
Treat,  on  Landlord  and  Tenant,  6th  ed..  by  F.  L.  AVolhis- 
ton,  1849.  r.  Svo:  7th  ed.,  by  Henry  Horn,  1856.  r.  8vo. 
4.  In  conjunction  with  F.  L.  WoUaston,  Reports  in  K.  B., 
&c.,  1836-37,  2  vols.  Svo.  5.  In  conjunction  with  F.  Ed- 
wards, Nisi  Prius.  &c.,  1838,  2  vols.  12mo. 

Harrison,  Stephen.  The  Seven  Arches  of  Triumph 
erected  in  Honour  of  K.  James  1.,  &c.,  Lon.,  ir»l)4,  fol. 
Very  rare.  Woodhouse,  £27  6«.  Dent,  with  a  duplie:it6 
series  of  the  plates  with  variations,  £31  lOs.  An  analysis  of 
this  work  will  be  found  in  Nichols's  Progresses  of  James  I. 

Harrison,  Susannah.  Songs  in  the  Night,  1788; 
6th  ed.,  1800,  12mo. 

Harrison,  Thomas,  D.D.,  Chaplain  to  the  Governor 
of  Virginia,  subsequently,  in  1650.  minister  of  St.  Dun- 
stan's-in-the-East,  London,  and  afterwards  n  preacher  in 
Dublin.  Topica  Sacra  :  or.  Some  Hints  and  Heljis  to  Faith, 
Meditation,  Prayer,  &c.,  Lon.,  165S,  Svo.  With  addits. 
by  Jfdin  Hunter.  1770,  12mo. 

"  Many  striking  thoughts  :  very  evangelical." — Bi'd-astHh^s  C.  S. 

Harrison,  Thomas.     Serms.,  *&c.,  1700-65,  all  Svo. 

Harrison,  Thomas.     Botany;  Nic.  Jour.,  1805. 

Harrison,  Walter.  A  new  and  Universal  Hist., 
Descrip.,  and  Survey  of  London,  Lon.,  1775-76,  fol.  Pub. 
in  numbers.     A\'anling  in  accuracy. 

Harrison,  William,  d.  1592?  Rector  of  Radwinter, 
Essex,  and  Canon  of  Windsor,  wrote  a  Historical  Descrip. 
of  the  Island  of  Britain,  prefixed  to  HoUnshed's  Chronicles, 
and  a  Chronology.  The  Descrip.  of  England  is  a  valuable 
record  of  the  state  of  the  country  and  the  manners  and  cus- 
toms of  the  people  in  the  16th  century.  To  Harrison,  also, 
is  ascribed  The  Descrip.  of  Scotland,  mostly  trans,  from 
Hector  Boece,  prefixed  to  Holinshed's  Hist,  of  Si-otlaud. 

7'J3 


HAR 

Harrison,  William.  Certain  Scrms.  upon  the  Parable 
of  the  Sower.  Lrm..  ifiU,  8vo. 
,      Harrison,  William.     The  Pilgrim,  or  the  Happy 

Convert;  a  Pasti.ral  Tragedy,  1709. 

Harrison,  William,  d.  1712.  Fellow  of  New  College, 
0.\furd.  a  great  favourite  with  Swift,  and  secretary  to  Lord 
Baby,  ambassador  tu  the  Hague,  was  the  editor  of  the  5th 
vol.  of  the  Taller,  and  the  authiir  of  some  poetical  pieces 
pub.  in  Dodsley's  Collection,  Nichols's  Collection,  and 
Duneombe's  Horace. 

"  A  little  pietty  fellow,  with  a  great  deal  of  wit,  pood  sense,  and 
good  nature."— De\n  Shift  :  see  liis  Woi  ks:  Chalmers's  liioj;.  Diet. 

Harrison,  William.    Speech  in  H.  of  C,  Lou.,  1814. 

Harrison,  William,  Rector  of  Ureat-Birch,  Esse.\. 

1.  Consecrated  Thoughts,  Lon.,  1S42,  fp.  8vo ;   1846.  12mo. 

2.  Serms.  on  the  Coiuniandments,  2d  ed.,   1S46,  fp.  Svo. 

3.  The  Tongue  of  Time,  1848,  12mo. 

'*  This  isa  spiritu.il  little  treatise,  intended  to  improve  practi'-fllly 
and  dcvotionally  the  twelve  hours  of  the  day  to  the  editication  of 
the  soul.'" — C/iuycftman's  Mmthl;/  Ifcv. 

4.  The  Shepherd  and  his  Sheep,  2d  ed.,  1849,  12mo. 
Harrison,  (General  William  Henry,  177.1-1841, 
President  cd'  the  United  States  at  the  time  of  his  decease, 
^having  been  in  office  but  one  month, — was  a  native  of 
Charles  City  county,  Virginia,  and  the  third  son  of  Ben- 
jamin Harrison,  Governor  of  Virginia,  and  one  of  the 
signers  of  the  American  Declaration  of  Independence.  A 
Discourse  on  the  Aborigines  of  the  Valley  of  the  Ohio. 
Cin.,  1838,  Svo,  pp.  51. 

"This  pamphlet  di.scusses  several  important  topics  in  the  his- 
tory of  the  native  tribes  of  our  continent  with  spirit  and  ability  " 
—Edward  Kvekeit  :  N.  Amer.  Ilev.,  li.  46-48,  q.  v. 

For  notices  of  biographical  sketches  of  Harrison  by 
Moses  Dawson,  James  Hall,  and  others,  see  Rich's  Bibl. 
Amer.  Nova,  ii.  Ifi2,  271,  339,  350.  See  also  Niles's  Reg., 
iiv.  185  ;  Christ.  E.\am.,  xxx.  359. 

Harritson,  VV.  1.  The  Fortunate  Ploughman.  2.  The 
Intendant  Emigrants;  a  Scots  Rural  Comedy,  Glas"-., 
1S17,  12mo. 

Harrod,   Wm.,  d.  1819,  an  alderman  of  Stamford. 
1.  The  Patriot;  a  Trag.,  Lon.,  1769,  Svo. 
"Possessts  little  or  no  meiit."— U'.iHs  Bild.  ISrtl. 
2.  Hist,  and  Anticp  of  Stamford  and  St.  Martin's,  Slamf., 
1781,  '85,  2  vols.  12mo.      3.  Hist,   of  Mansfield  and   its 
Environs,  1801,  sin.  4to.     4.  Hist,  of  Miirket-Harborough, 
Ac,  1S08,  Svo.     Mr.  H.  projected,  in   1788,  a  repub.  and 
continuation  of  Wright's  Hist,  and  Antiq.  of  Rutland;  but 
the  plan  was  nut  encouraged,  and  only  two  numbers  ap- 
peared.    He  also  pub.  a  facetious  pidi'tical  tract  entitled 
Coke  and  Birch.     See  Miller's  Fly-Leaves,  1st  Ser.,  130. 
Lon..  1S54. 
Ilnrro]),  Edward  Atkins.   Poems,  Lon., 1796,12mo. 
Harrowby,  Earl  of.     See  Rvher,  DonLEY. 
Harriip,  Robert.      Chem.,  Ac.  con.  to  Nic.  Jour.. 
1801-13. 
Harry,  Blind.     See  Henry  the  Minstrel. 
Harry,  George  Owen.     Genealogy  of  James,  King 
of  Great  Driltaync,  Ac.,  with  his  lineal  Descent  from  Noah, 
Ac.  Lon.,  1604,  4to. 

Harrys,  Wm.  The  Market  or  Fayre  of  Vserers ;  a 
new  Pasquillus  or  Dialogue  against  Vsurye,  Ac,  trans, 
from  the  High  Alniaigne,  Lon.,  1550,  Svo. 

Harryson,  James.  Exhort.acion  to  the  Scottes, 
1547.     This  iii  in  favour  of  union  with  England. 


HAR 

D.inel,  Lon.,  1599,  4to.  3.  Declaration  of  Egregious 
Popish  Impostures,  Ac.  under  the  pretence  of  castiu''  (JUt 
Devils,  1603,  4to.  From  this  work  Shakspeare  is°sup- 
posed  to  have  borrowed  the  fantastical  names  of  spirits  in 
his  tragedy  of  Lear. 

■•'Ey  the  use  of  this  book  in  Lear,  Shakspeare  meant  to  ridicule 
Popery,  from  which  he  had  been  in  danger."— J/i'.  A-„u  in  Mr 
By)(jlit  s  copy. 

This  is  now  a  rare  book.  See  Biog.  Brit. ;  Le  Neve's 
Lives  of  the  Archbishops;  Fuller's  Ch.  Hist.,  book  xi  • 
Strype's  Whitgift;  Lysons's  Environs.  '' 

Harston,  Hall.  The  Countess  of  Salisbury;  a  Trag 
Lon.,  1767,  Svo.  ' 

''This  May,  which  is  taken  from  a  Romance,  possesses  con- 
siderable merit."— TlufCs  BiW.  BnY. 
^Watt  ascribes  to  Hall  JlwMov,  Youth,  a  P(iem,  Lon., 
1773,  4to;  and  we  find  him  correct,  according  to  the  Lon. 
Month.  Rev. :  see  xxxvii.  392,  xlviii.  259.  But  we  con- 
clude that  both  of  above  were  written  by  Hall  Hunton. 

Hart,  Colonel,  American  Consul  at  Santa  Cruz,  d. 
1SJ5.  author  of  Marian  Coffin,  and  other  works. 

Hart,  Alexander.  The  Tragical  Hist,  of  Alexto 
and  Angelica,  Lon..  1610,  ]2mo.     In  prose  and  verse. 

Hart,   Andrew,   an  early  printer  of  Scotland.     A 
trewe  Descrip.  of  the  Nobill  Race  of  the  Stewards.  Amst 
16111.  fid.  ' 

Hart,  Cheney,  M.D.  Electricity;  Phil.  Trans., 
1754,  '55. 

Hart,  Edward  H.  The  BuUwark  Stormed;  in 
Answer  to  Thomas  do  Laiino's  Plea  for  the  Nonconformists, 
Lon..  1717,  Svo.     See  Delai'ne,  Thomas. 

Hart,  or  Harte,  Henry.     1.  A  Godly  ncwe  short 
Treatyse,  Ac,  Lon.,  1548,  16mo.     2.  A  Godlie  Exhorta- 
tion. 1519,  Svo. 
Hart,  J.    Burning  Bu.'sh  not  Consumed, Lon. J616,Svo. 
Hart,  James,  M.D.     Profess,  treatises,  1623,  '25,  '33^ 
Hart,  John.      1.  On  Orthographic  Lon.,   1659,  Svo.' 
2.  Theolog.  conference  between  J.  H.  and  John  Rainoldeg, 
16S4,  Svo.     See  Rainolds,  John,  D.D. 
Hart,  John.     Starch  Factories,  Ac,  Lon..  1795.  Svo. 
Hart,  John  S.,  LL.D.,  b.  January  2S,  ISIO,  at  Stock- 
bridge.  Mass.,  was   removed   to   Pennsylvania  when  only 
two  years  of  age,  educated  at  Princeton  College,  where  ha 
became  Professor  of  Ancient  L.anguages;  in  1842  elected 
Prinei|ial  of  the  Philadelphia  High  School,  which   posi- 
tion   he   resigned    in     1S58.       1.  Essay  on  Spenser  and 
the  F.airy  Queen,  New  York,  1847,  Svo,  pp.  512.     New  ed. 
Phila.,    1856.       Highly    commended.       2.  Female  Prose- 
Writers  of  America,  1851,  Svo,  pp.  620.     New  ed.,  revised 
and  enlarged,  1855. 

"  It  has  enlar!;ed  our  knowledge  and  enhanced  our  favourable 
estimate  of  the  female  prose-writeis  of  oui-  country.  It  at  the  same 
time  indicates  the  tale,  story,  or  novel,  as  the  form  of  composition 
towards  which,  with  few  exceptions,  they  tend,  and  in  which  they 
excel  alike  in  the  power  of  easy  and  fluent  narration,  and  in  the 
dld,ictic  aim,  which  is  sefdom  obtrusive  or  awkwardly  mana-ed  " 
—N.  Amer.  lict:.  Ixxx,  261-262. 

"Our  numerous  female  t'ro.se-^V^ite^s  have  found  an  intelligent 
and  Kenial  historian  and  critic  in  Professor  Hart." — Hmru  T 
TiichrmiiH-s  Shich  of  Ama-.  Lit.  ' 

3.  Class-Book  of  Poetry,  1844,  12mo.  4.  Class-Book  of 
Prose,  1S44,  12mo.  These  works  consist  of  Extracts  pre- 
ceded by  introductory  notices.  6.  Exposition  of  the  Con- 
stitution of  the  United  States;  for  the  use  of  Schools,  1845, 
12mo,  pp.  100.     6.  English  Gramm.ar,  1845,  12mo, 


Uarsha    llTvid    D.      \.\wt"-""<r"'X"'r'   ^     t.t       I  i^n»".  pp- i""-     o.  j^ugiisn  uramm.ar,  lti45,  12mo,  pp.  192. 

iiaislia,  Utivid  A.,  b   1827,  in  South  Argyle,  New     7.  Greek   and   Roman   Mvth.dogy.  1853    l'>mo    id    162 

York.     1.  Ihoughts  on  the  Love  of  Christ,  as  manifested  \  tMs  is  a  Latin  Reading-Book.  ^Luor  'of  Pemify'Vanfa 

Common  School  Journal  fur  1844;  Sartain's  Mag.aiine  for 


the  Love  of  Christ,  as  manifested 
to  a  Lost  World,  1851. 

■•  It  has  a  vejy  stinngly-marked  experimental  char.icter,  and  is 
fitted  to  be  at  once  a  guide  to  the  ignorant  and  iniiuiriie-.  and  a 
welcome  auxiliary  to  the  .spirit  that  is  struggling  amidst  the  soi- 
rows  and  conflicts  of  the  Christian  life."— W.M.  U.  SPRAiiliE,  ll.D. 

2.  Christ  and  Him  Crucified  the  Sum  and  Substance  of 
the  Gospel,  Ac,  Albany,  1852.  3.  Immannel's  Land, 
1852,  32mo.  4.  Principles  of  Hydropathy.  1852.  5.  Wan- 
derings of  a  Pilgrim.  Ac,  1854.  6.  The  Most  Eminent 
Orators  and  Statesmen  of  Anc  and  Mod.  Times,  N.Y.,  1855, 
8vo. 

"  An  interesting  volume.  The  selections  are  characteristic  and 
happy,  and  the  crilical  and  expl.inatory  suggestions  and  com- 
mentary useful  and  just."— RvFus  Ciioate. 

7.  The  Heavenly  Token,  12mo.  8.  Life  of  Charles  Sum- 
ner, 12ino.  Ed.  Classical  Library  of  Sacred  Authors,  to  be 
completed  in  24  vols.,  N.  York.  12mo. 

Harsnet,  Adam.     Theolog.  treatises,  Lon.,  1630, 4to. 

Harsnet,  Samuel,  1561-16:U,  a  native  of  Colchester, 
educaled  at  King's  Coli,  and  Pembroke  Hall,  Cambridge; 
Bishop  of  Chichester,  1609;  trans,  to  Norwich,  1619- 
Archbishop  of  York,  1629.  1.  Serm.,  1584,  Lon.,  \(m, 
12mo.     2.  A  Discouery  of  the  fraudulent  Practices  of  John 


1849,  '50,  and  the  first  six  months  of  1851;  the  Iris,  a 
very  splendid  annual  for  1850.  '51.  and  '52;  White's  Uni- 
versal History ;  and  many  other  works,  to  which  his  name 
has  not  been  given.  Professor  Hart  has  contributed  many 
articles  to  the  Princeton  Review,  Graham's  Magazine,  and 
other  periodicals.  His  Annual  Reports  of  the  Philadelphia 
High  School  for  the  last  fifteen  years  would  fill  several 
volumes. 

Hart,  Joseph,  minister  of  the  Grey  Friars'  Church, 
Edinburgh.  1.  Trans,  of  Ilerodian's  Hist,  of  his  Own 
Times,  1749.  Svo.  Privately  printed.  In  the  preface  to 
his  hymns,  Hart  expresses  much  regret  for  this  publica- 
tion. 2.  Hymns,  Ac,  with  the  Author's  Experience.  1759, 
12mo.  There  have  been  modern  eds.  of  Hart's  hymns. 
See  Dr.  Johnson's  Diary,  April  22,  1764,  in  Bosnell's  Life 
of  .Johnson. 

Hart,  Capt.  L.  W.  Character  and  Costume  of 
Afi'ghaunistan,  Lon.,  1843,  imp.  fol.  With  26  plates  on 
stone,  by  Haghe.     Pub.  at  £4  4». 

Hart,  Levi,  D.D.,  minister  of  Preston,  Conn.,  d.  1803 
aged  69.     Serms.,  1774,  'S6,  '89,  1S03. 


11 AR 


HAR 


Hart,  Levi,  nna  V.  It.  Osborn.     The  Works  of  P. 
Vir"-iUiH  Maro,  &e.,  wilh  ar.  Interlinear  Translation,  &c., 
.Bait,  is:i3,   12mo.      New  ed.,  Pbila.,  1855,   12mo.      See 
Hamilton,  Jamks.  „  „,     ,    , 

Hart,  Oliver,   1723-1795,  a  minister  of  Charleston, 

S.C.  a  native  of   Pennsylvania,  pub.  several  serms.  and 

tracts,  17S'.I.  io.  „    ,      „r     ,     <■ 

Harr,  Richard.     The  Importance  of  the  Word  ot 

God  ■  the  substance  of  two  Semis.,  lirist.,  1767,  8vo. 

Hart,  Uichard.     Serm.,  1804. 

Hart,  Uichard,  Vic.-ir  of  Catton.  in  the  Diocese  of 
Norwich.  1.  Medulla  Couciliorum,  ic,  446-1548.  Norw., 
1833,  8vo.  2.  Materialism  Refuted.  3.  Eccles.  Records 
of  Eng.,  Ireland,  and  Scot.,  from  the  5th  Cent,  to  the 
Keform.,  2d  ed.,  Camb.,  1846,  8vo. 

"This  work  is  a  digest  of  tbe  contents  of  Wilkins  and  ?pel- 
man's  Concilia,  arrant'ecl  under  vaiioua  heads,  and  illustrated 
with  notes  exbibiling  considerable  researcli."— i""i/iisA  Ilcvicui. 

Hart,  Sir  William,  Lord  Chief-Justice  of  Scotland. 
Examination,  Ac.  of  G.  Sprot,  Lon.,  1608,  4to.  This  tract, 
relatin.;:  to  the  Govvry  Conspiracy,  is  reprinted  in  vol  ix. 
of  the  Harlcian  Miscellany. 

Hart,  William,  minister  of  Saybrook,  Conn.,  pub. 
several  tbe"lo!;.  treatises.  1759-72. 

Hart,  William.  Alexis  the  Tyrant;  a  Tale,  1812, 
12m«. 

Hart,  William  Neville.     The  CJoodness  of  God;  a 
Poem,  and  Pinu.s  Meditations,  Lon.,  1808,  8vo. 
Hartclitl'e,  John.     Serms.,  Ac,  1634-95. 
Harte,  George.     Needfulnesso  of  Peace  in  Fraunce, 
ic,  Lon.,  1575.  Svo.     Trans,  from  the  French. 

Harte,  Walter,  b.  about  1700.  d.  1774,  w.as  educated 
at  Marlborough  School,  and  at  St.  Mary's  Hall,  Oxfonl,  of 
which  he  became  Vice-Principal;  Canon  of  Windsor.  1751  ; 
subsequently  Vicar  of  St.  Austel  and  of  St.  Blazy,  Corn- 
wall.    1.  Poems  on  Several  Occasions,  Lon.,  1727,  '39,  8vo. 

2.  Essay  on  Satire,  p.articularly  on  the  Dunciad,  1730,  Svo. 

3.  Essay  on  Reason,  1735,  fol.  To  this  essay  Pope  was  a 
contributor.  4.  The  Union  of  Reason,  Morality,  and  Re- 
vealed Religion  ;  a  Serm.,  1737,  8vn.  This  passed  through 
five  eds.  5.  A  Fast  Serin.,  1740.  6.  The  Hist,  of  Gustavus 
Adolphus,  King  of  Sweden,  surnamed  the  Great,  1759,  2 
vols.  4to;  1767,  2  vols.  8vo;  1807,  2  vols.  r.  Svo.  This 
work  was  trans,  into  German,  with  a  Pref.,  Notes,  and 
Corrections,  by  John  Gottlieb  Bohme. 

'■  Johuson  much  commended  bim  as  a  scholar,  and  a  man  of  the 
most  companionable  talents  he  had  ever  known,  lie  said  the 
defects  iu  his  History  proceeded  not  from  iuibeeility.  but  from 
foppery.  ...  It  was  unluekv  in  comini;  out  on  the  same  day  as 
Robertson's  History  of  Scotland.  .  .  .  Mr.  Kliot  said  it  was  a  very 
good  book  in  the  German  translation." — BosweU's  Life  of  Dr. 
Johnson. 

"A  work  strongly  commended  by  Lord  Chesterfield  on  the  score 
of  matter.  The  style  is  literally  execrable." — Dittdiiis  Lib.  Comp. 
Robertson's  Hist,  of  Scotland  was  pub.  a  month  before 
this,  but  Hume's  House  of  Tudor  came  out  in  the  same  week. 
"George  Ilawkios,  his  bookseller,  we  are  told,  somelimes  objected 
to  his  uncouth  words  or  phrases,  while  the  woi-Ii  was  in  the  press; 
but  Ilarte  refused  to  change  them,  and  used  to  add,  with  a  com- 
placent sneer,  'George,  that's  what  we  call  wiitiug!'" 

"The  life  of  this  extraordinary  man  [Gustavus  Adolphus]  has 
been  written  by  Mr.  Harte  with  great  activity  of  research,  and  a 
scrupulous  examination  of  his  materials,  which  are  understood  to 
be  the  best,  though  they  are  not  suffleieiitly  particularized.  The 
book  will  disappoint  the  re-ader:  Mr.  Harte  writes  often  with  sin- 
gularly bad  taste,  and  never  with  any  masterly  display  of  his  sub- 
ject ;  but  it  may  be  compared  with  Coxe,  and  must  be  considered." 
—Pi-of.  Smyth's  Leds.  rm  ihd.  Hist. 

7.  Essays  on  Husbandry,  1764,  Svo;  1770,  Svo. 
"  His    husbandry  is  good." — Dr.  Johnson  :  BoswdVs  Lift  of 
Johnson. 

"This  is  tbe  book  of  a  scholar  and  a  gentleman;  and  is  attractive 
from  the  variety  and  interest  of  the  sul'jects  treated  of,  its  learn- 
ing, and  good  taste." — ^fcCtlllnclt's  Lit.  of  I'olit.  Bjon. 

"With  very  few  exceptions,  distinguished  for  perspicuity  of 
style,  and  far  more  elegance  thau  that  subject  is  generally  sup- 
posed to  admit." 

"The  essays  have  always  been  reckoned  good;  our  own  opinion 
can  say  nothing  of  them." — Donatdson's  Afjririitt.  Biog. 

8.  The  Amaranth,  1767.  The  poems  in  this  vol.  are 
illustrated  by  extracts  from  the  Fathei-s.  9.  Essay  on 
Painting. 

"So  much  knowledge  of  the  art,  and  acquaintance  with  the 
works  of  the  most  eminent  painters,  argues  a  taste  surprising  at 
his  early  age." 

See  Chesterfield's  Letters  and  Miscellanies ;  BosweU's 
Life  of  Johnson;  Bowles's  ed.  of  Pope;  Johnson  and 
Chalmers's  English  Poets,  ISIO,  21  vols.;  Chalmers's 
Biog.  Diet;  Gent  Mag. 

liarte,  William  Marshall,  Examining  Chaplain  to 
Dr.  Coleridge,  Bishop  of  Barbadoes,  and  Rector  of  St. 
Lucy.  1.  Practical  Serms.,  Lon.,  1S39,  12mo.  2.  Loots. 
on  the  Gospel  of  St  Matt,  1831-34,  2  vols.  12mo. 


"  These  very  useful  lectures  were  originally  preached  to  a  con- 
crcation  of  Negroes;  thev  are  eminently  characterized  by  sim- 
plicity of  language,  yet  wifh.mt  debasing  the  importance  of  the 
subjects  discussed  by  improper  familiarity  of  expression.  —Homes 
Bill.  Bill. 

Hartford,  Frances,  Countess  of,  afterwards 
Duchess  of  Somerset  Her  Corresp.  with  Henrietta  Louisa, 
Countess  of  Pomfret.  1738-41,  la.n.,  1SII5,  3  vols.  12uio. 

Hartgill.  or  Hartgyll,  George.  1.  Generall  Calen- 
dars; or,  Astron.  Tables,  Lon.,  1594,  fol.  2.  Astron.  Ta- 
bles, 4t.i. 

Hartlantl.     Intestate's  Personal  Estate,  1|9S. 
Hartley,  David,  M.D.,  1705-1757,  a  native  of  Arm- 
ley,  Yorkshire,  was  educated  at  Jesus  College,  Cambridge, 
of  which  he  became  Fellow.     He  settled  as  a  physician 
first  at  Newark,  afterwards  at  Bury-.St-Edmund's,  subse- 
itly  at  London,  and  finally  at  Bath.      He  pub.  soni- 


quent.^  —  .  .-       ■       , 

tracts  upon  Mrs.  Stephens's  famous  medicine  for  the  stone, 
—of  which  ho  was  a  victim,— and  some  other  professional 
treatises,  but  is  best  known  by  bis  Observations  on  ^Man, 
his  Frame,  his  Duty,  and  his  Expectations,  Lon.,  1749,  2 
vols.  Svo.  Repub.  by  his  son,  1791,  4to,  with  Notes  and 
Additions,  from  the  German  of  H.  A.  Pistorius,  Rector  of 
Poseritz,  in  the  L-land  of  Rugen,  and  a  sketch  of  the  Life 
and  Character  of  Dr.  Hartley.  Again,  with  additions,  by 
Dr.  Joseph  Priestley,  1801,  3  vols.  Svo. 
"  This  is  the  most  valuable  edition  of  this  excellent  work.  — 

Dr.  t*HIESTi,l-.Y.  „ 

In  1775,  Svo,  appeared  Hartley's  Theory  of  the  Human 
Mind,  on  the  Principle  of  the  Association  of  Ideas;  with 
Essays  relating  to  the  Subjects  of  it,  by  Joseph  Priestley, 
LL.D.    Again,  1790,  Svo.     Hartley's  philosophical  theory 
"Re-ards  the  brain,  the  nerves,  and  the  spinal  marrow,  as  the 
diiect  instruments  ot  sensation.     External  objects,  he  conceives, 
excite  vibrations  in  these  medullary  cords,  which  vibrations,  once 
communicated,  are  kept  up  by  a  cert.iin  elastic  tiuid  called  ether. 
Afterasuffieientrepetitionof  these  vibrations,  the  sens.ations  leave 
behind  them  types  and  images  of  themselves.    Frequent  repetition 
excites  association,  and  association  hi  its  turn  imparts  to  any  one 
idea  the  power  of  exciting  all  the  related  ideas,— a  power  which 
belongs  likewise  to  the  vibratiundes  and  their  miniature  images. 
Upon'this  piinciple  and  theory  of  association,  he  attempts  to  ac- 
count for  all  the  phenomena  of  the  mental  constitution  of  man. 
The  hypothesis  of  vibrations,  it  is  well  known,  has  been 
completely   overthrown    by   Haller's    demonstration    that 
there  can  he  no  such  thing  as  vibrations  in  the  nervous 
system.     Priestley  endeavours  to  prove  that  Hartley  was 
a  materialist  like  himself;  but  Hartley  "dreaded  nothing 
so  much"  as  this  imputation,  though  certainly  he  is  to  be 
read  with  caution,  and  cannot  be  proposed  as  a  sound  guide 
in  theology.     As  regards  his  obligations  as  a  philosopher 
to  Newton,  Locke,  Gay,  and  even  to  Aristotle,  and  how  far 
he  concurs  with  Hobb'es,  can  be  ascertained  by  an  exami- 
nation of  the  authorities  referred  to  below.     As  an  expo- 
sitor of  the  •'  Law  of  Association" — we  use  the  term  Laio 
not  without  scruple— Hartley  is  certainly  entitled  to  some 
credit,  and  he  has  been  fully  paid.     We  quote  some  opi- 
nions respecting  his  philosophical  speculations  as  displayed 
in  the  Observations  on  Man  : 

"Something  was  done  in  this  field  of  knowledge  by  Descartes, 
very  much  by  Mr.  Locke,  but  most  of  all  by  Dr.  Hartley,  who  has 
thrown  more  useful  light  upon  tbe  theory  of  tbe  mind,  than  New- 
t..n  did  upon  the  theory  of  the  natural  world."— Dr.  Priestlei  : 
McmurliS  on  Rtid,  BoMit,  and  OsviaU,  1774. 

".lohnson,  one  day,  observing  a  blend  of  his  packing  up  two 
volumes  of  Observations  on  Man,  written  by  this  good  and  great 
man.  to  take  into  the  country,  said,  '  Sir.  you  do  right  to  take  Dr. 
Hartley  wilh  you;  Priestley  said  of  bim.  that  be  bad  learned  more 
from  Hartley  than  bom  any  book  he  bad  ever  read,  except  the 
Bible.'  "—BoswdVs  Life  of  Johnson. 

"  Hartley  has  investigated  the  principle  of  Association  more 
deeply,  explained  it  more  accurately,  and  applied  it  more  usefully, 
thau  even  his  great  and  venerable  predecessor,  Mr.  Locke." — Dr. 
1'arr:  Serm.  on  Education^XTii. 

"The  writer  who  has  built  most  upon  Ilobbes,  and  m.iy  bo 
reckoned,  in  a  certain  sense,  the  commentator,  if  he  who  fully 
explains  and  developes  a  system  may  deserve  that  name,  was 
Hartley."- aii'tam's  Lit.  Hist,  of  Europe,  q.  i). 

"  That  there  is  great  value  to  be  attached  to  much  which  Hartley 
has  drawn  from  the  law  of  association,  and  that  he  has  aftorded 
an  explanation  of  many  phenomena,  before  very  imperfectly  un- 
derstood, cannot  be  denied.  The  very  ardour,  however,  with 
which  he  threw  himself  into  his  system,  and  the  very  closeness 
with  which  ho  analvzed  the  facts  in  the  case,  necessarily  imparted 
a  one-sidedness  to  his  philosopbv,  and  led  to  the  neglect  of  some 
other  facts  equally  important."— .W'>r.H's  Hist,  of  Mml.  Phdos. 
\  "  It  is  the  tirst  attempt  to  join  the  study  of  intellectu.il  m.an  to 
that  of  physical  man."— C'o<tsiijsi/is(.o/J/ud.P/"7os.,0.  W.  Wiyhfs 
Trans. 

Cousin  is  a  high  authority, — but  does  he  not  forget  philo- 
'  sophic   caution  when    he  styles   Hartley's   the   "  iirst  at- 
tempt"?    We  offer  no  counter-statement,  but  we  think  it 
'  exceedingly  hazardous  to  pretend  to  designate  "  the  first 
attempt"  in  any  branch  of  human  speculation.     We  have 
I  ventured  to  hint  some  doubts  respecting  the  extraordinary 

795 


HAR 

merit  which  has  hcen  claimed  for  Hartley's  speculations: 
ail  J    if  wc  err  hero,  we  err  with  great  examples : 

•  Ihe  capital  fault  of  Hartley  is  that  of  a  rash  Keneralizatinn 
ivhich  niny  prove  luiperfect,  and  which  Is  at  least  premaUi^  A° 
atleoipts  to  explain  or  instruct  by  this  principle  h"-e  hitherto 

sonTn"rvJ  „"S  J  r-".  V^"  ■"'""  i-Portant  processes  of  rel" 
Boujng  have  not  hitherto  been  accounted  for  bv  it  "—iiitt  James 
MACKraxosu :  2d  Pnlim.  DUiert.  to  E«cyc  Bnt  ■"'■"^"'^ 

"  Ihe  intentions  of  both  [iionnet  and  llartlevl  are  allowed  bv 
worthv"\°nr'u  ''■»^"  '';'""•  <.°  h-o  Wen  ecfiie'.tlv  pure  aS 
wrlin-I:^.  T-r',  '"'  «'«  Of  either,  that  his  metaphysical 

writings  have  contributed  much  to  the  instruction  or  to  the  im- 

?t,.nZ7  ,  °^  ""'  ^^^^''-  ""  "><'  ™°"'"-y.  •"'^•y  l'="-^  been  in- 
6  umeiital  in  spreading  a  set  of  speculative  tenets  very  nearly 
allied  to  that  sentimental  and  fantastical  modification  of  Spinoz- 
ism  which  for  many  years  past  has  prevailed  so  much  and  pro- 
duced such  mischievous  effects  in  some  parts  of  Germany  "— 
DnoALD  STtWART :  ls(  Prelim.  Dissert,  to  E„cyc.  Brit. 

Bishop  AVatson  reprinted  in  his  Collection  of  Tracts  one 
on  the  Truth  of  the  Christian  Religion,  prefaced  by  the 
remark :  ■' 

"  This  tract  is  printed  from  the  second  volume  of  Dr.  Tfartley's 
Observations  on  Man;    it  is  written  wilh  sin^-ular  closeness  of 

;?„hS    .•■  ""«  ,v  *'"  ""'I'^'-s'M'i  """St  be  read  with  great  at- 

tention. — Bishop  Watson. 

ConsuJt  autliorities  cited  above;  and  see  also  Life  by  his 
son,  prefixed  to  his  Observations  on  Man,  ed    U'U    4to- 

r  Ir'^i^of";'''  ""t"'"  I"'<-'ll"'t'"'l  Powers;  BlaUev'sHist; 
f. fi"''-  ^h'"^;,V  ^'■-  ^-  '*^'illi-™^'s  Christian  Preacher,  ed. 
184u.p  337;  Watsons  Ilisf.  of  Halifax;  Cunninghiim's 
Biog.  llist.  of  England  ;   Chalmers's  Bio.'.  Diet 

Hartley,  David,  M.P.,  d.  at  Bath,  in  ISl.'J,  a^ed  84 
a  son  of  the  preceding,  was  one  of  the  plenipotentiaries 
appointed  to  treat  with  Dr.  Franklin,  the  American  am! 
bassador  at  Pans.  Some  of  his  letters  will  be  found  in 
Frankhn  s  Correspondence.  Hartley  possessed  some  scien- 

ific  knowledge,  and  was  the  author  of  several  inven- 
tions. He  pub.  some  political  tracts.  Letters  on  the 
Anicncan  War   (to  which  he  was  opposed.)  Ac.,  1776-94 

the""m!nJn't,-'Li^:'l"840°l't:"''  '°  '^™S-=''"''-  - 

Hartley,  James.     Two  Discourses,  Lon.,  1775,  8vo. 

omni  F  M,l,'  f  "t"*  '^•■""'''.S''?  "»iversalis  Librorum  in 
oiuni  ia  ultate   Linguaque  msignium   et    rarissimorum, 

nu.^'iV*'*'    ■'"''"■       ^'"^^''y'^"''''    Ordination,    Ac, 

\\l\\\ll'  ??■?■''''•  ''''■''•'■  Q"^^*""'^.  Lon.,  1799,  Svo. 
TJ„,,h  7'  ;.'""'"»»'  1 '07-1784,  Rector  of  Winwick, 
Mv  tic^'^  r''"'""'  >""'■  •"•■"'■'O^  "^  Enthusiasm,  the 
Sis  7 q'V'T  '^r"^'-  *'^-  ""d  trans,  some  of  the 
writings  of  Swedenborg  into  En^Ii«h 

Hartlib,  Samuel,  the  son  of  a  Polish  merchant 
emigrated  to  London  in  the  17th  century,  and  engaged 
in  a  mercantile  agency.  He  was  a  man  of  great  public 
spirit,  much  practical  wisdom,  and  greatly  esteetned  ly 
his  contemporanes.     Milton  addressed  to  him  his  Tractate 

hL  Tw  T;.""""  ";"•  Sir  Wm.  Petty  inscribed  to 
him  Two  Letters  on  the  same  subject,  1647,  ic  •  and 
there  are  other  such  evidences  of  the  high  respect  in  which 
he  was  held  at  home  and  abroad.  He  was  the  author  of 
some  theologK^al  and  educational  treatises,  and  several 
works  on  husbandry  were  pub.  in  his  name.     Those  wMch 

^^r^e^ritr'ryth'erf"'''''^-"  '"^  ^'^' "'"'^■'^  ^°"-t 

PlanL':.  Ll":T45'"'""t"'l  T  "  ''"'"'",'  ''■"' 
ment  of  the  above!  l'6/l''5t;55,'4t^'^°"!^fh:Ve?S 
Husbandman,   1651.  4to.     4.  Ess-V  on  the  Advancement 
0   Husbandry  and  Learning,  &c.,  1651,  4to.     5.  The  Com 
plete  Husbandman,   1659,  4to.     He  pub.  two  trcaUses- 

Vart„':°s''Mi^t7n"c"''  Silk-Worm'  in  Virginia  lee 
IT  art™  s  Milton;  Censura  Literaria;  Gent.  Mag.,  Ix.vii 
Bbg  '     ^'"^^  ""  Sericulture ;  Donaldson's  AgricuU: 

Hartman,  George.  Medical  works,  1682,  '96,  both 
Svo      bee  DiGBv,  ,Sik  Kenelm.  ' 

16M.'*""*''  **"'■''"•     Earthquake,  Ac;    Phil.  Trans., 

nart.shorii,  C.  W.    N.  Eng.  .Sheriff,  1844,  12mo. 
fol  "'  Commercial  Tables,  Bost.,  1853, 

Le^".''';'"""';'   Thomas  C.      Trans,  of  J.   P.  p.  Do 

and":ddii';ri,.'",?:,^;;:,t'^,"-^'  Magnetism;  with  Notes 

Hartshorne,  Caroline  Ellen.     For  You  Know 

HarUhor;;'''  «'"'  ''^  '''"""le.  Bost.,  ISM,  18mo 

triJarx'i^rLTn'   ?'svo''"o"rh^  f\\  ^"^^"'  ^^'^ 
796  '  ^  -    '■^'^   ^""^  Rarities   iu   the 


HAR 


Univ.  of  Cambridge;  illust.  by  Orig.  Letters  and  Notea, 
Biug.  Lit.  and  Antitp,  1829,  Svo. 

••'niis  interesting  bibliographical  book  contains  letters  of  Far-' 
mer  8teevens,*c.,  CapelPs  Shaksperiana  complete,  a  list  (the  only 

b^torVFrtSiar--''"'  ""'"'""^  '"^'"""""'''  '°  '"^  '''"--"^ 
3.  f'M'in  Antiqua,  1841,  Svo,  and  large  paper.  4. 
Sepulchral  Remains  in  Northamptonshire,  1841  Svo  5 
Hist.  Memorials  of  Northampton.  1848,  12mo.  See  Dibl 
dm  s  Lib.  Comp,,  ed.  1825,  672,  673,  690 

Hartshorne,  Edward,  M.D.,  b.  1818,  in  Philadel- 
phia, a  «'n  of  the  distinguished  physician  of  the  same 
mT'  ,  ,■  ?^'"''<^"'  Jurisprudence,  by  Alfred  S.  Taylor, 
M.D.;  3d  Amer.  from  the  4th  Eng.  ed.,  with  Notes  and 
References  to  Amer.  Decisions,  Phila.,  1854.  r  Svo  4th 
Amer.  from  the  6th  Eng.  ed.,  1856,  r.  8yo.  These  eds.  em- 
brace the  notes  of  Dr.  R.  E.  Griffith  to  the  former  Amer. 
ed.,  and  some  new  matter. 

"  So  Well  is  this  work  known  to  the  members  both  of  the  medi-    " 

ftat"it C'-lfl.T''"'""''-  "■;.''  ="  '■'""'^  "^  "  "PP'-eciated  byt^em, 
^,n  iU  b  •  "  T'T'^  f"  "S  •"  "ay  a  word  in  its  conimendj 
nos  i'bi.  r  •-'  "'.'■■'^.^.vieached  a  fourth  edilion  being  the  best 
fectdthe  nr"-''''!"'^*'""''-  ''^"=  •■"'"""■  h.'.s  obviously  sub-  ■ 
'*S-!,  W°!':i?cr'''  ""  "  '"'  '^"'"^  revision."-£„(.  and  For. 
2.  Ophthalmic  Medicine  and  Surgery,  by  T.  Wharton 
Jones;  2d  Amer.  from  the  2d  Eng.  ed..  with'addits.,  1856, 
l-'mo.  3.  Contributions  to  the  Amer.  Jour,  of  the  Medical 
Sciences,  the  Phila.  Medical  Examiner,  and  the  Phila. 
Journal  of  Prison  Discipline  and  Philanthropy.  Four 
numbers  (pub.  in  1848-49)  of  the  last-named  periodical 
were  edited  by  Dr.  H.,  and  several  of  the  articles  written 
by  nim.  His  contributions  to  the  medical  journals  above 
noticed  were  written  at  various  periods  from  1840  to  tho 
present  time. 

■  "'','''**'»<""ne,  Henry,  M.D.,  brother  of  above,  b.  1823 
mlhila.  l.-\Vaterr.  Uydropatby,-Thesi5  on  water  in 
Its  true  relations  to  medicine,  Phila.,  1S17.  •>  Contribu 
tions  to  Am.  Jour.  Med.  Sci.,  and  to  Phila.  Med.  Exam! 

i  il^i  a""-^  "°  ""^  Arterial  Circulation;  Transac.  of 
Am.  Med.  Association,  1856. 

■  H'»'t'*h'>"'e5  Joseph,  M.D.,  father  of  above,  b.  1779 
in  Alexandria,  Va.  1.  First  Am.  ed.  of  Buyer's  Lectures 
On  DK^cases  of  the  Bones;  arranged  by  Richeraud  and 
translated  by  Dr.  FaiTell,  London  ;  with  an  Appendix  and 
additiona  plates  by  S.  H.,  Phila.,  1805.  2.  Contributions 
of  Phila     "      I^'=P"t"ry,  and  the  Medical  Recorder,  both 

Hartston,  Hall.      Youth;  a  Poem,  Lon.,  177.3,  4to. 
See  Hauston,  H.ill.  >     •     >  »>■"• 

Hartstonge,  Matthew  W.  Poet,  works,  1813-16. 
1 .??%"'",';  ^.""■iha"'.  Regina  Literata,  Ac,  Lon., 
*r„v;i  .■  i.°o"  ,"  P"''-  ^""^^  "■ai's'ations  from  history 
travels,  Ac,  159a-] 603,  and  was  the  author  of  some  an£ 
quar.an  papers  on  Mottos  and  Epitaphs,  in  Hearne's  Col- 
lec,  ii  { \,  1.  ^oy  ;  II.  375. 

f  o^^i'^-f'?'  *J*'»''Se,  M.D.  Sea  Bathing  and  Sea  Air, 
i.on.,  lbo3,  Ip.  Svo. 

tio;r'^r';;^"''^,^  ""'  '"'*°"-  °f  bathers  of  an  descrip. 

2d""l8]7,'8v"!-'  ''■"*•      ^^■""*"^'  ^<'°-  '''-^-  8™.- 

Harty,  Wm.     Assumpsit,  Ac,  Dubl.,  1842,  Svo 
r„Tl     p'^'i  '   ^«=,'":S<='  d.    1776,    Fellow   of    Magdalen 
Coll.,   Camb.,   and   Rector    of    Drayton,   Middlesex.       1 

ic^lVH  Svo."''  ""     '•  '"""  "'  '""''  ''"'"'''  ^-'• 

the1;"°aL"'bij7,irJ™';'n  f'-^""^^".'''  '^hich  do  honour  to 
CWhm;  7?c'.  "  ^"'^  ""^  "PP™''^''!''"  of    posterity.-'-Xo;;. 

Harvest,  Wm.  Trans,  of  Fauchet's  Discourse  on  the 
Liberty  of  France,  Lon.,  1789,  Svo 

Harvey,  D.  W.     Public  Amusements,  1805. 
EniJlT^,''^  «-abriel,  LL.D,,  1545?-1B30?  an  excellent 
English  and  Latin  poet,  equally  well  known  as  the  friend 

ChHVsp'ir''  '''  i'^'^  'ii""'^  "<■  N''^'''  ™^  'Educated  at 
in  1 «.  ?  """  r''  "'  P^^ibroke  Hall,  Cambridge,  and 
in  1585  became  Doctor  of  Laws.  The  following  ^r;  hi, 
principal  English  publications  .—1.  Three  proper  and 
wiieiamiliar  Letters:  lately  passed  betweene  two  Vni- 
n  "V^"n  ^™--  '*^'''  ■"»•  ^"''-  Anglo-Poet.,  344, 
Wn-„r      9  \;"''"''^y   ™«°  were  himself  and   Edmund 

4to.  Bib  .  Anglo-Poet,  £25.  Reprinted  in  the  Arehaica 
Ihis  contains  many  litenary  notices  of  his  contempora- 
ries, and  IS  therefore  of  great  value  to  the  antiquary, 
f'^f  .7'  Supererogation  :  or,  anew  Prayse of  the  Old  Asse, 
1593,410.  4.  A  New  Letter  of  Notable  Contents,  1593, 
4to.  ihe  two  last,  bound  in  one  vol.,  produced,  at  tho 
Bindley  s  sale,  £17  17».     Tho  same  vol.   is  now  (1856) 


lUR 


HAR 


offered  by  Mr.  Joseph  Lilly,  of  London,  for  £8  IS^.  5(/.,  '  the  resignation  of  Dr.  Prujean,  Harvey  was  unanimously 
exactly  one-half.  Harvey's  poem  of  Hobhinol,  prefixed  noniin;ttud  as  his  successor  in  the  Presidency  of  the  Col- 
to  Spenser's  Faerie  Queene,  has  been  highly  praised.  ;  lege  of  Physicians;  hut  his  advanced  age  and  bodily  in 
Harvey    was    fond    of  using    the    Latin    versification    '"     *^        """  '"''        '  '" 


English  poetry,  and  exerted  his  influence  with  his  illus- 
trious friend  to  induce  him  to  follow  his  example  : 

"  I  like  your  KugHsli  Hexameters  so  well,  that  I  also  enure  my 
pen  sometimes  in  that  kiud."' — Kdmund  Si'EiNSer  :  in  a  letter  to 

Respecting  Harvey,  bis  publications  and  his  literary 
quarrels,  see  Athen.  Oxon. ;  M'ebhe's  Discourse  of  Eng. 
Poets;  Berkcnhout's  Biog.  Lit. ;  Boloe's  Anec.  of  Lit., 
Ac;  Todd's  Life  of  Spenser;  AVarton's  Hist,  of  Eng. 
Poet.;  Drake's  Shakspeare  and  his  Times;  Disraeli's 
Calamities  of  Authors;  Brit.  Bibliographer;  Censura 
Literaria ;  Hallam's  Lit.  Hist,  of  Europe ;  Archaica; 
Bibb  Anglo-Poet.;  Brydges's  Phillips's  Theat.  Poet.; 
"Watt's  Bibl.  Brit.;  Lowndes's  Bibl.  Man. 

*-His  [Woblie's]  taste  is  better  showu  in  his  praise  of  Spenser 
for  the  iShepberds  Kalendar,  than  of  Gabriel  Harvey  for  his  re- 
formation of  our  English  verpe;  that  is.  by  fiTcins;  it  into  uncouth 
Latin  measures,  which  Webhe  has  himself  most  unhappily  at- 
tempted."— If'iUam's  Lit.  Hist,  of  Eiirop''. 

"The  literature  and  moral  character  of  Harvey  were  hijihly 
respectable;  but  he  was  vain,  credulous,  affected,  and  pedantic"' 
— Urake^s  Shaksj-eurc  and  his  Tiims. 

Harvey,  George.  Otsian's  Fingal  rendered  into 
English  Verse,  Lon.,  1814,  Svo. 

Harvey,  George.  Matheniat.  con.  to  Thorn.  Ann. 
Philos.,  1817. 

Harvey,  Gideon,  M.D.,  d.  IVOO,  Physician  of  the 
Tower  of  London  fur  above  fifty  years,  pub.  a  number  of 
profess,  works,  1605-99.  He  carried  on  an  active  war 
with  the  College  of  Physicians. 

'■His  Medical  Treatises  have  never  been  in  any  esteem.  Haller 
Btvles  him  Aspeh  Homo;  and  certainly  the  general  character  of 
his  Writings  is  asperity." — Wall's  BiUh  Brit.,  q.v. 

Harvey,  H.,  b.  1821,  in  England.  Memoir  of  the 
Rev.  Alfred  Bennett,  N.  York,  lSo2.  12mo. 

Harvey,  James.  Prognostical  Signs  of  Acute  Dis- 
eases, Lon.,  17lifi,  '20,  Svo. 

Harvey,  James.      Orders,  &c.  for  Justices  of  the 
Peace.  Lon.,  MW?,,  ';U,  '51.  12mo. 
Harvey,  Jane.     Novels,  1S02-U. 
Harvey,  John,  a  younger  brother  of  Gabriel  and 
Kichard    Harvey,    pub.    some    astrolog.    treatises,    Lon., 
1584-88. 

Harvey,  John.  1.  Hist,  of  Robert  Bruce,  Edin., 
1729.  4to.     2.  Poems  and  Letters.  1720,  12ino. 

Harvey,  Richard,  a  brother  of  Gubriol  and  John 
Harvey,  pub.  an  astrolog.  Discourse,  Lon.,  1583,  Svo,  and 
some  other  treatises,  1583-93. 

Harvey,  Kichard,  Preb.  of  St.  Paul's,  Rural  Dean 
and  Rector  of  llornsey,  Mii-ldlescx.  Serm.,  Mark  ii.  27, 
28.  The  Christian  entitled  to  Legal  Protection  in  the 
Observance  of  the  Lord's  Day.  The  sermon  we  never 
read,  but  the  subject  is  an  excellent  one.  When  Sir  John 
Barnard  was  chief-magistrate  of  London  he  "made  the 
runagates  continue  in  scarceness." 

Harvey,  T.     Cyphering-Buok,  1S14.  4to. 
Harvey,  Thomas.     Trans,  of  John  Owen's  Latine 
Epigrams.  Lun..  1677.  12mo. 

Harvey,  Rev,  Thomas.  Appeal  to  Lord  John 
Russell,  M.P.,  against  the  proceetlings  of  the  Bp.  of  Lon- 
don, Lon.,  1847.  Svo. 

Harvey,  W.  C.  Poems,  1818. 
Harvey,  WilHam.  Serms..  1657-1705. 
Harvey,  WiUiam,  M.D.,  1578-1057,  the  discoverer 
of  the  circulation  of  the  blood,  a  native  of  Folkestone, 
Kent,  was  educated  at  Cains  College,  Cambridge,  and  sub- 
sequently studied  anatomy  at  Padua  under  the  celebrated 
Fabricius  ab  A'luapcndente.  In  1002  he  returned  to 
England;  in  1015  was  appointed  Pr<if.  of  Anatomy  and 
Surgery  to  the  Royal  College  of  Physicians;  and  about 
1610  to  1619  publicly  stated  the  great  discovery  which 
has  conl'erred  upon  him  such  celebrity,  but  the  announce- 
ment of  which  was  received  with  unsparing  ridicule  and 
for  more  than  twenty  years  provoked  unrelenting  persecu- 
tion. His  exposition  of  his  theory  was  not  pub,  until 
1623  :  it  is  entitled  Exercitatio  Anatomica  de  Motu  Cordis 
et  Sanguinis  Circulatione,  Francf.,  4to.  His  Exercita- 
tiones  de  Generatione  Animalium  was  jmb.  in  1651,  Lon., 
4to.  This  valuable  work  would  have  been  much  more 
complete,  had  it  not  been  for  the  loss  of  the  author's 
papers,  relating  principally  to  the  generation  of  insects. 
This  loss,  which  occurred  when  his  house  was  plundered 
during  the  Civil  Wars,  he  feelingly  deplores  many  years 
after  the  event.  Harvey  contributed  to  Phil.  Trans.  (1669) 
an  Anatomical  Account  concerning  Thomas  Parr,  who 
died  at  the  age  of  152  years  and  9  mouths.     lu  1654:,  on 


firmities  induced  him  to  decline  the  proffered  honour.  An 
ed.  of  his  works — Opera  Oinnin,  &c. — was  pub.  in  1737, 
Lugd.  Bat.,  2  vols.  4to;  but  a  better  ed.,  with  a  Life  of  the 
Author,  in  Latin,  by  Dr.  Lawrence,  was  issued  by  the  College 
of  Physicians  in  1766,  Lon.,  2  vols.  4to.  A  new  ed.  of  his 
works  was  pub.  by  the  Syd.  Soc,  1846-47,  pp.  024.  The 
Latin  style  of  Dr.  Harvey  has  been  greatly  admired  for  its 
perspicuity,  fluency.and  elegance.  There  were  many  attemi»ts 
to  deprive  this  great  man  of  the  credit  of  his  discovery;  but 
by  modern  writers  {if  we  except  Dr.  Wm.  Hunter,  sec  his 
Two  Introduc.  Lects.  to  his  Anat.  Lccts..  1784.  4to.  and 
Dr.  J.  R.  Coxc)  his  claim  has  been  honourably  allowed. 

As  regards  the  value  of  Harvey's  discovery  as  con- 
trasted with  the  results  of  previous  investigations,  the 
true  state  of  the  case  is  well  summed  up  by  an  eminent 
modern  authority,  who  has  felt  justified  in  treating  this 
question  at  considerable  length  ; 

"It  may  indeed  be  thought  wonderful  that  Servetus,  Columbus, 
orCa-salpin  should  not  have  mme  distinctly  apprehended  the  con- 
sequences of  what  they  maintained,  since  it  seems  diOicult  to 
conceive  the  lesser  circulation  without  the  greater:  but  the  de- 
fectiveness of  their  views  is  not  to  be  alleged  as  a  counter-balance 
to  the  more  steady  sai;acity  of  Harvey."— i/a^^m's  Lit.  Hist,  of 
Europe  q.  V. 

If  the  student  who  desires  to  pursue  this  subject  fur- 
ther inquire  as  to  the  best  sources  of  information,  wo 
refer  him  to  the  authorities  cited  below,  and  especially  to 
Harvey's  own  exposition,  for — to  quote  the  language  of 
Dr.  Freind — 

"  As  it  was  entirely  owing  to  him.  so  he  has  explained  it  with 
all  the  clearness  imaginable;  and,  though  much  has  been  written 
upon  that  subject  since.  I  may  venture  to  say.  his  own  boolc  is 
the  shortest,  the  plaines-t.  and  the  most  convincing  of  any.  as  we 
may  be  satistied,  if  we  look  into  the  many  apologies  written  in 
defence  of  the  circulation." 

To  this  testimony  we  may  add  that  of  Mr.  Hume: 
"  Harvey  is  entitled  to  the  glory  of  having  made,  by  reasoning 
alone,  wilhoutany  mixture  of  accident,  a  capitjil  discoveiy  in  one 
of  the  most  important  branches  of  .science.  lie  had  also  the  hap- 
piness of  establishing  at  once  this  theory  on  the  most  solid  and 
convincing  proofs;  and  posterity  has  added  little  to  the  argu- 
ments suggested  by  his  industry  and  ingenuity."— Kuf.  of  Eng- 
lund:  Tlie  IfcsioraU'on. 

See  Life  by  Dr.  Lawrence  ;  Freind's  Hist  of  Med.; 
Aikin's  Biog.  Mem.  of  Med. ;  Lives  of  Brit.  Physicians, 
in  Murray's  F-amily  Library,  vol.  xiv. ;  The  Gold-Headed 
Cane;  Physic  and  Physicians;  Aubrey's  Letters  of  Emi- 
nent Persons,  1S13,  3  vols.  8vo  ;  Biog.  Brit.;  Rees's  Cyc; 
AVatt's  Bibl.  Brit.;  Hist,  of  Medicine  to  19th  cent.,  by 
P.  V.  Renouard. 

Here  we  had  intended  to  close;  but  we  feel  unwilling  to 
omit  Harvey's  own  account  of  the  difficulties  which  en- 
compassed his  path  when  engaged  in  those  laborious 
investigations  which  were  crowned  at  last  with  such 
ample  recompense.  On  a  subject  of  such  importance  to 
the  general  interests  of  humanity,  the  doctors,  we  trust, 
will  not  be  unwilling  to  forgive  a  little  enthusiasm,  even 
iu  a  laic : 

"Devoting  myself  to  discern  the  use  and  utility  of  the  move- 
ments of  the  heart  in  animals,  in  a  great  number  of  vivisections, 
I  found  at  first  the  subject  so  full  of  difficulties  that  I  thought 
for  a  long  time,  with  Fracastor.  that  the  secret  was  known  to  Ood 
alone.  I  could  distinguish  neither  in  what  manner  the  systole 
and  diastole  took  place,  nor  at  what  moment  the  dilatation  and 
constriction  occurred,  owing  to  the  celerity  of  the  movements  of 
the  heart,  which  io  most  animals  is  executed  in  the  twinkling 
of  an  eye,  or  like  the  flash  of  lightning.  I  floated  undecided, 
without  knowing  ou  what  opinion  to  rest.  Finally,  from  re- 
doubled care  and  attention,  by  multiplying  and  varying  my 
;  experiments,  and  by  comparing  the  various  results,  I  believed  I 
had  put  my  finger  on  the  truth,  and  commenced  unravelling  the 
!  labyrinth,  I  Vielieved  I  had  seized  the  correct  idea  of  the  move- 
ment of  the  heart  and  arteries,  as  well  as  their  true  use.  From 
that  time  1  did  not  cease  to  communicate  my  views  either  to  my 
friends,  or  to  the  public  in  my  academical  course." 

Harvey,  WiUiam.  }Iours  of  Loyalty;  or,  Allego- 
rical Poetical  Delineations  in  Rhyme,  Lon.,  1S13,  Svo, 

Harvey,  William  Henry,  Prof,  of  Botany  to  tho 
Royal  Dublin  Society,  and  Keeper  of  the  Herbarium  of 
the  Univ.  of  Dublin.  1.  Manual  of  the  British  Algse, 
Lon.,  1S41,  Svo:  1S50,  Svo.  2.  Phycologia  Britannica; 
or,  a  Hist,  of  Brit.  Sea-Weeds.  1846-51,  3  vols.  r.  Svo, 
arranged  in  the  order  of  publicatiun,  £7  12*.  6i/. ;  or,  iu 
4  vols.  r.  Svo.  arranged  systematically  according  to  the 
Synopsis,  £7  17s.  Qd.  A  few  copies  on  large  paper.  An 
entire  plate  is  devoted  to  each  species,  the  number  of 
plates  amounting  to  360. 

'■The  History  of  British  Sea-weed-o  we  can  most  faithfully  re- 
commend for  its  scientific,  its  pictorial,  and  its  popular  value;  the 
professed  botanist  will  find  it  a  work  of  the  highest  character, 
whilst  those  who  desire  merely  to  know  the  n.tTDes  and  history 
of  the  lovely  plants  which  they  gather  oi\  the  sea-shore  will  find 

797 


EAR 


HAS 


in  it.  the  faithful  portraiture  of  every  one  of  them." — JnnaJs  and 
Miignzine  of  Natural  History. 

3.  The 'Sea-Side  Book,  Sd  ed.,  1854.  fp.  8vo.  4.  Nereis 
Australis;  or,  Illust.  of  the  Alg£e  of  the  Southern  Ocean, 
1848,  &c.,  4  Pts.  imp.  8vo, 

'•  Uf  this  most  iniportanl  contribution  to  our  knowlt^dge  of 
exotic  Algre,  we  know  not  if  we  can  pay  ita  hi^^ber  com  pliiiient  than 
by  saying  it  is  worthy  of  the  f^\xi\llirr—Lon.  Journal  of  Bnluni/. 

5.  Nereis  Boreali-Americana,  r.  4to  :  Ft.  1,  1852:  Pt. 
2,  1853. 

Harvie,  John.     Midwifery.  Lon..  1767,  8\-o. 

Harward,  Simon,  of  New  College,  Oxford,  a 
preacher,  schoolmaster,  and  physician,  was  the  author  of 
several  theulog.  and  other  treatises,  pub.  1581-1623.  See 
Athen.  Oxon. 

Ilarwood.     Piipsing  Bell,  1655.  8vo. 

llarwood.  Sir  linsic,  Kt.,  Prof,  of  Anat.  in  Univ. 
of  Cumb.,  b,  at  Newmarket,  d.  1814.  1,  Lects.  on  Ana- 
tomy and  Physiol.,  Lon.,  1797,  8vo.  2.  Comparative 
Anat.  and  Physiol.  ;    Fasciculus  1,  1796,  4to. 

Hanvood,  Caroline.  The  Castle  of  Vivaldi  j  or, 
the  Mysterious  Injunction  ;  a  Novel,  1810,  4  vols. 

Harwood,  Charlotte.  Lucubrations  by  a  Lady, 
1781),  12mo. 

Harwood,  Edward,  D.D.,  1729-1791,  a  learned 
Unitarian  minister  and  schoolmaster,  pastor  of  a  con- 
gregation in  Bristol  from  1765  to  '70,  settled  in  London 
in  or  about  the  latter  year,  and  subsisted  by  literary  em- 
ployment and  classical  tuition.  He  pub.  a  number  of 
theological  treatises,  and  the  following  works,  by  which 
he  is  best  known.  1.  A  New  Introduc.  to  the  Study  and 
Knowledge  of  the  N.  Test.,  Lon.,  vol.  i.  1767;  ii.  1771, 
both  8vo.     A  third  vol.  was  promised,  but  never  completed. 

"  Certainly  to  be  recommended  to  the  theological  student." — 
Bp.  Afarsh^s  Lects.  mi  Divinity. 

"  This  work  may  be  read  with  advantage,  making  allowance  for 
the  author's  theological  sentiments." — Dr.E.  WiUiams's  C.  I'. 

*•  In  this  Introduction  many  of  the  topics  usually  tre^ited  of  in 
such  booksare  discussed  with  considerable  ability." — Onm-'s  Bibl. 
Bib. 

"  The  value  of  Br.  II.'s  Inti'oduction  would  not  have  been  di- 
minished, ifhe  had  acknowledged  his  obligations  to  the  preceding 
work  of  Pritius,  to  which  he  has  been  very  considerably  indebted." 
— Eornf-'s  Bibl.  Bib. 

2.  A  Liberal  Trans,  of  the  New  Test.,  1767,  2  vols.  8vo. 
**  The  preceding  work  was  designed  to  introduce  this  new  and 

liberal  vers^ion.  ...  As  a  translation,  it  is  verbose,  affected,  and. 
in  fact,  more  the  New  Testament  of  Dr.  Uarwood  than  of  the 
apostles." — Orme's  Bibl.  Bib. 

3.  The  New  Test.,  collated  with  the  most  approved 
MSS.,  with  select  notes  in  English,  critical  and  explana- 
tory. 1776,  2  vols.  12mo. 

'•  This  edition  is  certainly  entitled  to  a  place  among  the  critical 
editions  of  the  New  Testament,  though  it  is  not  accompanied  with 
various  readings:  for,  though  Dr.  Harwood  has  adopted  the 
common  text  as  the  basis  of  his  own,  he  has  made  critical  cor- 
rections wherever  the  received  reading  appeared  to  him  to  be 
erroneous.  The  manuscripts  which  he  hits  generally  followed 
when  he  departs  from  the  common  text  are  the  Cantabrigiensis, 
in  the  Gospel  and  Acts,  and  the  Claromontanus  in  the  Epistles  of 
?t.  Paul." — Bi.thop  Marsh's  Michadis. 

"The  appendix  to  vol.  ii.  contains  a  useful  list  of  editions  of  the 
New  Testament,  and  of  critics  and  commentators  on  it." — Orme^s 
Bibl.  Bib. 

"  In  the  list  of  commentators  and  critics,  those  are  most  com- 
mended by  Dr.  Ilarwood  who  favour  the  Socinian  scheme,  to  which 
he  was  strongly  attached;  and  he  therefore  admitted  or  rejected 
a  variety  of  readings,  according  as  they  favour  or  oppose  thy  So- 
cinian doctrine." — Home's  Bibl.  Bib. 

4.  A  View  of  the  v.irious  editions  of  the  Greek  and 
Roman  Classics;  with  Remarks,  Lon.,  1775,  8vo  ;  2d  ed., 
1778 ;  3d  ed.,  17S2,  12mo  ;  4th  and  best  ed.,  1790,  12mo. 

"This  is  a  valuable  little  book,  no  doubt  far  fmni  being  perfect, 
but  that  can  scarcely  be  expected  in  a  work  of  the  kind.  It  has 
been  translated  into  several  lureign  languages." —  halt's  Bibl.  BrU. 

The  student  must  procure  the  later  manuals  of  Dibdin 
and  of  Moss. 

5.  Biographia  Classica:  The  Lives  and  Characters  of 
the  Greek  and  Roman  Classics.  New  ed.,  1778,  2  vols. 
12mo.  See  Rees's  Cyc. ;  Gent. Mag.,  vols. l.\ii.,  l.\iii.,  Ixiv.; 
Watt's  Bibl.  Brit.  / 

Harwood,  Edward,  Populorum  et  Urbium  selecta 
Numismata  Grseca,  ex  Mre  descripta  et  Figuris  illus- 
trata,  Lon.,  1812,  4to. 

Harwood,  ii,  H,  Hist,  of  Wesleyan  Methodism. 
New  ed..  Lt)n.,  1854,  18mo. 

Harwood,  James.  Serms.  and  Discourses,  Lon., 
1661-62. 

Harwood,  John.  The  Cause  why  I  deny  the  Au- 
thcrily  <.f  Geor^'e  Fnx,  Lon.,  1663,  4to. 

Ilarwood,  John.  Roman  Sudatory;  Phil.  Trans., 
17(n>. 

Harwood,  John.      Advice    to  Members  of  Pari., 

1812,  8vo. 
798 


Har^vood,  John  Edninnd,  an  actor,  who  came  to 
Philadelphia  with  Wignell's  company  in  1793,  pub.  a  vol. 
of  poems  in  N.  York  in  1809.  See  Dunlap's  Hist,  of  the 
Amer.  Sta;:ce. 

Harwood,  Richard.     Serms.,  1644,  '45. 

ilarwood,  Thomas.  1.  The  Death  of  Dion ;  a 
Trag.,  Oxf,  1787,  8vo.  2.  Annot.  on  Genesis,  Lou.,  1789, 
8vo.     A  compilation  from  various  authors, 

"Which,  if  not  a  brilliant,  may  in  some  degree  be  considered  as 
a  useful,  performance."' — Lon.  Month,  liev..  A'  .^..  iv.  106. 

3.  Alumni  Etonenses,  1443-1797,  4to,  1797. 

"  Harwood's  book  is  not  reckoned  of  much  authority  beyond 
the  mere  records  which  he  copied." — Hallam's  Lit.  Hist,  of  Europe. 

4.  Hist,  of  Christ,  1798,  12mo.  5.  Grecian  Antiquities, 
1801,  8vo.     6.  Geography,  1804,  12mo. 

Harwood,  Rev.  Thomas.  I.  Hist,  and  Antiq.  of 
Lichfield,  Gloucester,  1806,  4to.  2.  Survey  of  Stafford- 
shire, 8vo. 

Harwood,  Uriel.  1.  Discourses  from  English  Di- 
vines, 1813,  2  vols.  8vo.     2.  Additional  do.,  Svo. 

Harwood,  Wm.,  M.D.  Curative  Influence  of  the 
Southern  C"ast  of  England,  Lon.,  sm.  Svo. 

"  An  instriiclive  and  verv  useful  work." — Lmi.  Xeiv  Times. 

Hascard,  Gregory,  D.D.,  d.  1708,  Rector  of  St. 
Michael's,  Queen-Hithe.  London,  1669;  Rector  of  St. 
Clement  Danes,  1678;  Dean  of  Windsor,  1700.  Serms. 
and  a  Discourse,  Lou.,  1668-96.  See  Gibson's  Preserv., 
ii.  82. 

Haselden,  Thomas.  Method  of  Keeping  a  Journal 
at  Sea;  revised  and  corrected,  with  addits.,  by  A.  Smith, 
Glasg.,  1788,  4to. 

Haseldon,  W.  S.     Sails  for  "Windmills,  1807,  Svo. 

Haskel,  R.  ill.  Memoir  of  Frances  E.  H.  McLelJan, 
with  a  sclectiun  from  her  Letters,  N.  York,  18o6. 

Haskey,  Henricws.  Disputatio  inaug.  de  Ferro, 
ejusque  in  Morbis  curandis,  usu,    Edin.,  1777,  8vo. 

Haskins,  Mrs.  Elizabeth,  of  Rhode  Island,  col- 
lected the  Literary  Remains  of  her  brother,  John  Brown 
Ladd,  which  were  pub.,  with  a  sketch  of  the  author's 
life,  by  W.  B.  Chittenden  in  1832,  N.  York,  12mo. 

Haskins,  John.  The  Battle  of  Waterloo;  a  Poem, 
Lon.,  1816,  8vo. 

Hastam,  John,  M.D.,  Apothecary  to  Bethlehem 
Hospital.  1.  Observ.  on  Insanity,  Lon.,  1798,  Svo;  2d 
ed.,  enlarged  and  corrected,  1809,  8vo. 

*' Kead  Haslam  on  Insanity.  This  dreadful  visitation  he  as- 
cribes not  to  a  false  perception  or  morbid  intensity,  but  to  a 
wiong  association,  of  ideas.  There  surely,  however,  must  be 
more  in  it  than  this.  I  once  asked  a  professional  pentleman, 
who  had  particular  opportunities  of  experience  on  the  subject, 
whether  he  always  found  the  brain  of  maniacs  in  a  preternatural 
or  disordered  st^te.  He  said  that  he  frequently,  peihaps  gene- 
rally, did  ;  but  that  in  many  cases  where  the  faculties  were  most 
completely  deranged,  that  orj:an  had  every  appearance  of  being  in 
a  perfectly  sound  and  healthy  condition." — Green's  -Diary  of  a 
Lover  of  Lit.,  June  5,  1798. 

2.  Illustrations  of  Madness,  1810,  Svo.  3.  Moral  Ma- 
nagement of  Insane  Persons,  1817.  4.  Contributions  on 
Sound  Mind,  Svo.  See  Burrows,  G.  Maxn,  M.D.  5. 
Medical  Jurisprudence  as  it  relates  to  Insanity,  according 
to  the  Law  of  England,  1818.  See  Forsyth,  J.  S.,  and 
authors  there  referred  to.  6.  Letter  to  the  Governors  of 
Bethlehem  Hospital,  containing  an  acct.  of  their  Manage- 
ment of  that  Institution  for  the  last  twenty  years, IS18, Svo. 

Haslam,  Wm,  Perpetual  Curate  of  St.  Michael's, 
Baldiu.  1.  Perran-Zabuloe  ;  or,  The  Lost  Church.  New 
ed.,  Lon.,  1844,  fp.  Svo.  2.  The  Cross  and  the  Serpent, 
Oxf..  1849.  ]2mo. 

Haslehurst,  George.  Penmaen  Mawr,  and  Day- 
break;   Poems,  Lon.,  1849,  p.  Svo. 

Haslem,  Wm.  Saunders,  M.D.  Inquiry  into  the 
causes  of  the  extraordinary  addition  to  the  number  of 
the  Insane,  1811.  Svo. 

Haslerigg,  Sir  Arthur.  1.  Speech  in  Pari.,  Lon., 
1642,  4to.    2.  Letter  to  a  Member  of  the  late  Par].,1659,4to. 

Hasleton,  Richard.  Strange  and  wonderful  things 
happened  to  Rd.  Hasleton,  borne  at  Braintrec,  in  Esses,  in 
his  ten  yeares  Trauailes  in  many  forraine  countries.  Penned 
as  he  delivered  it  from  his  owne  mouth,  Lon.,  1595,  4to. 

Haslcwood,  Francis.     Serms.,  Lon..  1720-21. 

Haslcwood,  John,  D.D.     Serms.,  1701-07,  all  4to. 

Haslewood,  Joseph,  1769-18:13,  a  native  of  and 
solicitor  in  London,  was  well  known  for  many  years  to  all 
thorough-paced  bibliomaniacs,  as  an  intelligent  and  zeal- 
ous editor  of  reprints  of  the  works  of  old  English  poets. 
Notices  of  these  edits.,  and  of  periodicals  to  which  Mr.  H 
was  a  contributor,  will  be  found  scattered  through  our 
pages:  see  Bernkrs,  Juliana;  Baldwin,  William; 
Brathwait.  KicHAnn;  Brydges,  Sir  Samukl  Egerton; 
and  other  names   in   this  Dictionary.      A  list  of  works 


HAS 

(twenty-five  in  number)  with  which  Mr.  Haslewood  was 
connected,  either  as  sole  or  joint  author,  and  as  contri- 
butor, will  be  found  in  a  biographical  notice  of  this  gen- 
tleman in  Gent.  Mag.,  Nov.  1833,  407-468.  See  also 
Dibilin's  Bibliomania,  his  Bibliographical  Decameron, 
his  Library  Companion,  and  his  Literary  Keminiscences. 
Dr.  Dibdin  protests  earnestly  against  the  portrait  of 
Haslewood,  drawn  in  the  London  AlhcHwum,  (1S34,  pp. 
1.  28,  45,  and  00.)  in  the  four  amusing  papers  entitled 
The  Roxburghe  Revels,  MS. 

Haslewood,  Wm.  Legal  publications,  Lon., 1814-29. 

Hasloch,  John.     Scrm.,  Lon.,  1819,  8vo. 

Hassan,  Arthur  Hill,  M.D.  1.  Hist,  of  British 
Fresh-Water  AlgiB,  Lcn.,  1845,  2  vols.  8vo ;  2d  ed.,  1852, 
2  vols.  Svo.     2.  Microscopic  Anat.  of  the  Iluman  Body, 

1849,  2  vols.  Svo  ;  2d  ed.,  1852,  2  vols.  Svo. 

"  We  have  rarely  met  with  a  work  in  whirh  the  debatable  and 
scattered  points  of  a  new  science  have  been  more  sensibly  argued, 
or  more  judiciously  combined  into  something  nearly  approaching 
to  the  perfection  of  a  complete  system."— ion.  Mfd.  GazttU, 

"The  plates  are  beautifullv  executed  and  coloured,  and  convey 
a  perfect  idea  of  the  objects  »  hich  they  are  intended  to  illustrate." 
— Lrm.  Lancet. 

3.  Microscopical  Exam,  of  Water  supplied  to  London, 

1850,  Svo.  4.  Food  and  its  Adulterations,  1855,  Svo.  See 
Longman's  Notes  on  Books,  May,  1855,  9-10. 

"  We  do  not  doubt  or  deny  the  good  services  which  Dr.  Ilassall 
has  rendei  ed  to  the  public ;  but  we  tremble  either  to  eat  or  drink 
after  his  book  h.is  come  into  our  bands.  We  look  askance  at  the 
innocent  grocer,  the  virtuous  and  respectable  milkman.  The 
wretches! — have  they  not  been  poisoning  us  secretly  in  their  back- 
parlours? — mixing  one  knows  not  what  abominations  in  our  milk 


parlours  : — uiiAiuti  uuc  miu,, ^  i.v.„  ,.ij.,,  «■-"■..■. .-■ _  —  ...    j   ■      i  • 

and  in  our  tea?      Yet  the  tea  and  the  milk,  where  can  we  get     high  crimes  and  misdemeanours  (committed  in  bis  o 


HAT 

Lon.,  1598,  Svo.  2.  Apologie  for  the  preceding,  IfiOO,  4to. 
Other  works.  See  Athen.  Oxon.;  Park's  Walpole's  R.  and 
N.  Authors. 

Hastings,  Francis  Rawdon.     See  Moira,  Earl. 

Hastings,  Henry  James,  Rector  of  Areley,  King's. 
1.  Parochial  Serins. .  Lon.,  1845-10,  2  vols.  Svo.  2.  The 
Whole  Armour  of  God  :  in  four  Serms.,  1848,  fp.  Svo. 

Hastings,  John,  M.D.,  Senior  Physician  to  the 
Blenheim  Street  Free  Dispensary.  1.  Pulmonary  Con- 
sumption healed  with  Naphtha,  2d  ed.,  Lon.,  1845,  Svo. 

'■  If  experience  proves  the  correctness  of  these  statements.  Dr. 
Hastings  will  be  considered  a  benefactor  to  the  human  race." — 
Dr.  Johnson's  Renew. 

2.  Diseases  of  the  Larynx  and  Trachea,  1850,  Svo.  3. 
Special  Treat,  of  Pulmon.  Consumption  and  Uooping- 
Cough,  1854,  p.  Svo. 

Hastings,  T.  Vestiges  of  Antiquity;  or,  a  Series 
of  Etchings,  ic.  of  Antiq.  in  Canterbury,  1813,  imp.  fol. 

Hastings,  Thomas.     Poem,  1778,  4to. 

Hastings,  Thomas,  an  American  author,  has  pub. 
several  collections  of  music  for  churches,  schools,  Ac, 
some  of  them  in  conjunction  with  Wm.  B.  Bradbury,  and 
other  works  relating  to  Musical  Taste,  &c. 

Hastings,  Warren,  1733-1818.  Governor  of  Bengal, 
a  wicked  and  unscrupulous  tyrant,  has  been  already  suffl- 
ciently  noticed  in  these  columns  in  our  lives  of  EliMCSD 
BiBKE,  and  George  Robert  Gleig.  He  was  the  son  of  a 
clergyman  ;  was  educated  at  Westminster  School ;  entered 
the  East  India  Company  as  a  writer  in  1750;  became 
Governor-General  of  Bengal  in  1774;  was  arraigned  for 

icial 


substitutes  for  them, — we.  who  can  neither  height  Chinamen  nor 
keep  a  dairy  ?"' — lilackit'00(rs  Mng.,  Aug.  18.'i5. 

HassaiU,  Charles.  General  View  of  the  Agricult. 
of  the  Co.  of  Carmarthen,  Lon.,  1794,  4to.  2.  General 
View  of  the  Agricult.  of  the  Co.  of  Pembroke,  1794,  4to. 

"  Present  nothing  of  particular  aotice."—Donaldsm's  Agricult. 
Biorr. 

Hassel,  Richard.  Lath  in  a  man's  eye;  Phil. 
Tr.ans.,  1748. 

Hasselgrcw,  Nicholas.     Swedish  Pan.     See  Ben- 
jamin Stillingfleet's  Tracts  on  Nat.  Hist..  Ac,  p.  339. 1762. 
Hassell,  J.     1.  Tour  of  the  Isle  of  Wight,  Lon.,  1790, 
2  vols.  Svo.     2.  Guide  to  Bath,  1793,  Svo.     3.  Beauties  of 
Antiquity,  1806.     4.  Life  of  Geo.  Morl-and,  1806,  r.  4to. 
He  also  pub.  some  works  on  drawing,  1S09,  '11. 
Hasset-Blener,  Thomas.     See  BlenerHasset. 
Hasolle,  James,  ;.  c  Ashniole,  Elias,  q.  v. 
Hasted,  Edward,  a  native  of  Ilawley,  Kent,  1732- 
1812,  was   the   author  of  the   following   valuable   work: 
The  Hist,  and  Topog.  Survey  of  the  County  of  Kent,  Can- 
terb.,  1788-99,  4  vols.  fol. 

"£jr  Ills  omnibus,  longe  sunt  humanissimi  gwiCantium  incolunt, 
Fm'Us  creantur /ortibus  el  bonis, 
Ncc  imbeilem  feroces  jirogenerant.^ 

Second  ed.,  improved,  corrected,  and  continued  to  the 
present  time,  1797-1801,  12  vols.  Svo.  This  work  is  now 
scarce  and  high  in  price.  It  is  the  result  of  labour  ex- 
tending over  a  period  of  forty  years. 

"  The  wliole  exhibits  more  research  than  taste,  either  in  arrang- 
ing the  information,  or  in  style:  and  it  is  very  defective  in  notices 
of  manners,  arts,  or  biographical  and  literary  history.  Its  highest 
praise  is  that  of  a  foithful  record  of  the  property  of  the  country, 
and  of  its  genealogical  history." 

See  Gough's  "Topog. ; Chalmers's Biog.  Diet.;  Gent.  Mag., 
(written  by  Halsted  himself,)  vol.  Ixxxii. 

Hasted  contributed  a  paper  Concerning  Chestnut-Trees 
to  Phil.  Tr.ans.,  1771. 

Hastings,  Lady  Flora,  1806-1839,  Lady  of  the 
Bedchamber  to  the  Duchess  of  Kent,  was  the  eldest  daugh- 
ter of  Fr.ancis,  Marquis  of  Hastings.  The  melancholy 
circumstances  connected  with  her  untimely  death  have 
caused  her  name  to  be  widely  known  and  held  in  kindly 
remembrance  both  in  Europe  and  America.  She  was  an 
accomplished  scholar,  and  the  author  of  some  poetical 
compositions  of  considerable  merit.  A  vol.  of  her  Poems, 
collected  by  herself,  was  pub.  by  her  sister  after  her 
decease;  new  ed.,  Lon.,  1841,  fp.  8vo. 

"  In  Lady  Flora's  dramatic  fi-agmeuts  especially,  there  is  a  true 
power,  which,  had  it  continued  to  be  cultivated,  might  have  pro- 
duced great  things;  and  many  of  her  original  lyrics,  as  The 
Bainbow,  The  Cross  of  Constantine,  The  Street  of  tlie  Tombs, 
as  well  as  her  translations  from  the  German  and  Italian,  are 
replete  with  spirit  and  gr;ice." — Moir's  Poet.  Lit.  of  the  Past  Half- 
Century.     8ee  also  Eclec.  Rev..  4th  S.,  ix.  572. 

Hastings,  Francis,  Earl  of  Huntingdon,  trans.,  at 
the  request  of  his  uncle-in-law,  Cardinal  Pole,  Osorius  de 
Nobilitate,  and  Osorius  de  Gloria.  See  Park's  Walpole's 
R.  and  N.  Authors. 

Hastings,  Sir  Francis,  son  of  the  preceding.  1.  A 
Watchword  to  all  religious  and  true-hearted  EuglishmeD, 


capacity)  in  1786;  and,  nine  years  after  the  commence- 
ment of  proceedings,  was  acquitted  in  the  House  of  Lords, 
in  1795.  Those  who  desire  to  know  more  of  his  history 
must  peruse  his  life  by  the  Rev.  G.  R.  Gleig;  a  review  of 
this  work  by  T.  B.  Macaulay  in  Edin.  Rev.,  Ixxiv.  160- 
255;  the  works  of  Edmund  Burke;  the  account  of  the 
Trial  pub.  by  Hastings  himself.  (Debates  of  the  House  of 
Lords,  Ac,  1797,  4to:)  the  periodicals,  ic.  of  the  day. 
Hastings  was  the  author  of  several  publications  relating 
to  the  East  India  Company,  fugitive  poetry,  essays,  Ac. 
See  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit.;  Blackwood's  Mag.,  xii.  134;  xvii. 
7,  343  ;  XX.  201,  20S,  326,  329,  486  ;  xxxiv.  319,  c(  scq. ; 
xxxvii.  857;  xl.  71 ;  xlix.  423,  638 ;  Dubl.  Univ.  Mag., 
xviii.  619.  693. 

Haswell,  Charles  H.  1.  The  Engineer's  and  Me- 
chanic's Pocket  Book,  N.  York,  1850.  2.  Mechanics' 
Tables.  185B.  12mo.    3.  Mensuration,  N.  Tork,  1S58,  12mo. 

Haswell,  Susannah.  Victoria,  Lon.,  1786,  2  vols. 
12mo.     Exhibits  examples  of  filial  piety. 

Hasworth,  H.  H.  The  Lady  of  the  Cave ;  a  Novel, 
1802,  3  vols. 

Hatch,  John.  A  word  of  Peace  from  the  Prince  of 
Peace  to  the  sons  of  peace,  Lon.,  1646,  sm.  Svo.  With 
a  Preface  by  Saltmarsh. 

Hatchard,  T.  Goodwin,  Rector  of  Havant.  1.  The 
German  Tree;  a  Moral,  Lon.,  1851,  ISmo.  2.  Food  for  my 
Flock:  Serins,  preached  in  Havant  Church,  1854. 

Hatchcll,  John.  Taafec  Downes,  Dubl..l815,fp.8vo. 

Hatchell,  John  P.     Trial  of  E.  Sheridan,  1812,  Svo. 

Hatcher,  Thomas,  Fellow  of  Eton  College,  1555, 
comiJiled  Memoirs  of  the  eminent  persons  educated  in 
that  institution  to  the  year  1572,  and  pub.  the  Epistles 
and  Orations  of  Walter  Haddon,  in  a  book  entitled  Lucu- 
brations.    Hatcher  was  physician  to  Queen  Mary. 

Hatchett,  Charles,  pub.  many  chemical  p.apers  in 
Phil.  Trans,  and  Nic.  Jour.,  1796-1817. 

Hatfield,  Miss.     Novels,  Ac,  lSOl-16. 

Hatfield,  J.  F.     Patriotism,  Lon.,  1804,  Svo. 

Hathaway,  \V.  S.  Speeches  of  the  Rt.  Hon.  Wm. 
Pitt,  in  H.  of  C.  1806,  4  vcds.  Svo;  1817,  3  vols.  Svo. 

Hatley,  Griffith,  M.D.  Petrifaction  ;  Phil.  Trans., 
1G83. 

Hatherell,  J.  W.,  D.D 
Catechism,   Lon..   1835,  Svo. 
1843.  12mo. 
1847.   12ma 


1.  Serm.  on   the  Church 

2.  Nine  Serms.  at  Malta, 

3.  Lent  Lects.  on  the  Repentance  of  David, 

To  Dr.  Hatherell  we  are  indebted  for   the 


Life  and  Preface  prefixed  to  the  reprint  of  Archbishop 
Laud's  Sermons,  1829,  Svo. 

Hatsell,  John,  1742-1820,  Chief  Clerk  of  the  House 
of  Commons  until  1797.  1.  Rules,  Ac.  of  the  H.  of  C, 
1774,  '84,  '89,  1809,  4to.  2.  Cases  of  Privileges  of  Parlia- 
ment to  1628,  4to,  1776.  3.  Precedents  of  Proceedings  in 
the  H.  of  C,  with  Observ.,  1781,  4to  ;  2d  ed.,  1785,  3  vols. 
4to;  3d  ed.,  1794-96,  4  vols.  4to  ;  4th  and  best  ed.,  1818, 
4  vols.  4to.  This  work  is  accepted  as  authority,  save 
where  changes  have  been  introduced  of  late  years.  See 
May's  Treat,  upon  Parliaments;  Brooke's  Bibl.  Leg. 

739 


HAT 

"  Established  forms  of  procedure  respected  hy  all  from  tlieir 
imijarliality  are  among  the  strongest  securities  for  a  free  Con- 
stitution, and  are  liarriers  against  over-hasty  legislation,  or  the 
uuhi-silating  tyranny  of  the  majority."— Sir  Jime3  JIacki.vtosh. 

Hatt,  Andrew.     Serm,,  Lon.,  1805,  4to. 

Iliitt,  Ricliard.     Poetical  Work.s,  Ac.  1810-18. 

Ilatt,  ICicliard.  Insolvent  Debtors'  Ct.,  Lon.,  1321, 
12iuo. 

Ilatteclifle,  Vine.    God  or  Nothing.  Lon.,  1659, 8vo. 

Hatton,  Sir  Christopher,  d.  1591,  Lord-Chnncellor 
of  England,  15S7,  educated  at  St.  Mary  Hall,  O.Nlord,  has 
had  ascribed  to  him  A  Treatise  concerning  Statutes  or 
Acjs  of  Parliament,  and  tlie  E.-jposition  thereof,  Lon., 
1B77,  8vo,  which  it  is  asserted  he  did  not  write, — the 
fourth  Act  of  the  Tragedy  of  Tnncrcd  and  Gismund— 
which  Warton  thinks  he  did  write, — and  some  legal  tracts, 
which  he  may  or  may  not  have  written.  See  Athen. 
0.\on. ;  Lodge's  Illustrations ;  Park's  Walpole's  R.  and  N. 
Authors:  Lloyd's  State  Worthies;  Peck's  Desiderata; 
Fuller's  Worthies;  Hume's,  and  other  histories  of  Eng.  ; 
Lord  Campbell's  Lives  of  the  Lord-Chancellors;  Memoirs 
of  the  Life  and  Times  of  Sir  Christopher  Hatton,  by  Sir 
K.  H.  Nicolas,  1817,  8vo. 

''But  what  was  the  astonishment  of  courtiers,  of  lawyers,  and 
of  citizens,  when  on  Saturday,  the  29th  of  April,  it  was  announced 
that  Her  Majesty  had  chosen  for  the  Keeper  of  her  conscience.— 
to  pieside  in  the  Chancery  and  the  Star-Chamlier,  and  the  House 
of  Lords.— and  to  superintend  the  administrations  of  Justice 
throughout  the  realm.— a  gay  young  cavalier  never  called  to  the 
bar,  and  cbieMy  famed  for  his  liaodsome  person,  his  taste  in  diess, 
and  his  sUill  in  d,ancing,_sii  Christopher  Hatton!"— Lord  Camp- 
Bell  :  Lives  of  the  Ldrd'CitanCillms. 

The  new  Lord-ChanceUor  seems  to  have  borne  himself 
in  his  high  office  better  than  could  have  been  generally 
anticipated :  but  Fuller  thinks  the  queen  not  to  have 
greatly  erred  in  her  judgment  or  fancy  : 

"  His  parts  were  far  alMve  his  learning,  "which  mutually  so  as- 
sisted each  otlier.  that  no  manifest  want  did  appear;  and  the 
queen  at  last  preferred  him  Lord  Chancellor  of  England."— ICur- 
thies  of  Xortliuinptimsliire, 

Another  authority  also  assures  us  that 
"He  was  a  person  that  besides  the  graces  of  his  person  and 
dancing,  had  also  the  adjectiments  of  a  strong  and  subtle  capa- 
city,—one  that  could  soon  learn  the  discipline  and  garb  both  of 
the  times  and  the  Court." — Naunto.v. 

Lloyd  cannot  say  enough  in  his  praise  : 
"His  features  set  off  his  body,  his  gait  his  features,  his  carri.age 
his  gait,  his  parts  his  carriage,  his  prudence  his  parts,  and  his 
close  patience  his  prudence." — StaU  Favowiks. 

Oakland,  in  his  character  of  Elizabeth's  ministers,  is 
not  behind  Lloyd  in  his  eulogies: 

"  Splendidus  Hatton, 
Ille  Satelitii  regalisduitor,  ovanti 
Pectore,  Ma!cenas  studiosis,  maximus  alter 
Et  fautor  verc-e  virtutis.  munificus.ine." 
And  a  greater  than  all  yet  cited  withheld  not  a  noble 
tribute  to  the  fortunate  saltalor  who  danced  himself  into 
the  woolsack  : 

"To  THE  R.  n.  Sir  C.  IL4TT0N,  Lord  nigh-aianceUor  of  England. 
"Those  prudent  heads,  that  with  their  counsels  wise, 
Whilom  the  pillars  of  th'  earth  did  sustain; 
And  taught  ambitious  Rome  to  tyrannise. 

And  in  the  neck  of  all  the  world  to  reign. 
Oft  from  those  grave  aflairs  were  wont  t'  abstain, 

With  the  sweet  l.ady-muses  for  to  play. 
So  Ennius,  the  elder  Africain; 

So  Maro  oft  did  Crt.sar's  cares  allay; 
So.  you,  gre.at  Lord.'  that  with  your  counsel  sway 

The  burden  of  this  kingdom  mightily; 
With  like  delights  sometimes  may  eke  delay, 

The  rugged  brow  of  careful  poficy; 
And  to  these  idle  rhymes  lend  little  space. 
Which,. /or  their  title's  si:ke.  may  find  more  grace." 
EDmsB  Spenser  :  presented  to  Sir  Cliristi,fhcr  Hatton  unth  a  copy 
of  The  Faery  Queen. 

Hatton,  Sir  Christopher.  The  P.salter  of  David; 
with  titles  and  Collects,  O.xon.,  1644.  '46,  Svo. 

Hatton,  Edward.    Works  on  Arithmetic,  1699-1728 

Hatton,  Thomas.  1.  Gold  Coin,  Lon.,  1775  8vo 
2.  Watch  and  Clock  Work,  1774.  8vo. 

Ilantl'nian.     Colours  for  dyeing;  Nic.  Jour..  1805. 

Ilaughton,  Edward.     Anti-Christ,  Lon.,  1652,  Svo. 

Hanghton,  Sir  <iraves  Champney,  Knt.,  d.  1849 
aged  62,  Prof,  at  the  East  India  College.  Haileybury.  1817- 
27;  knighted,  1833;  Member  of  the  Institute  of  France, 
and  Member  of  the  Asiatic  Society  of  Calcutta,  1838.  L 
Rudiments  of  Bengali  Grammar,  Lon.,  1821,  4to.  2.  In- 
stitutes of  Menu,  in  the  original  Sanscrit.  3.  "Ben'''ali 
Sanscrit,  and  English  Dictionary.  4.  Inquiry  into'the 
Nature  of  Language,  1832,  4to.  Privately  printed.  5. 
Prodromus;  or.  An  Inquiry  into  the  First  Principles  of 
Reasoning,  1839,  Svo. 
^"  All  men  are  as  the  vulgar  in  what  they  do  not  understand." 


Gent.  Mag.,  Oct. 


Tres  Eelogse  Virg'ilianac   Inflexae, 


HAV 

"It  is  a  work  which,  if  men  will  take  the  trouble  to  think, 
must  make  a  powerful  sensation.     We  trust  that  the  attention 
of  every  philosophicjd  inquirer,  at  home  and  abroad,  will  be  di- 
rected to  its  earnest  and  mature  examination." — Lon.  Literartt 
I  Gazette.  ' 

See  a  biographical  notice  in  the  Lo 
18.49,  420. 
I      Hanghton,  Mary  Arnald.     Emilia  of   Lindenan, 
or  the  Field  of  Leipsic ;  a  Poem,  Lon.,  1815,  ]2mo. 

Haughton,  Uev.  Samuel,  Fellow  and  Tutor  of 
Trin.  Coll.,  and  Prof,  of  Geology  in  the  Univ.  of  Dublin. 
See  Galbraith.  Rev.  Joseph  A.;  Longman's  Notes  on 
Books,  Nov.  1S55.  46. 

Haughton,  Wm.,  was  the  author  of  a  number  of 
dramatic  pieces,  of  which  the  comedy  of  Englishmen  for 
my  Money,  Lon.,  1616,  4to,  is  one  of  the  best  known. 
The  comedy  of  Patient  Grissill,  in  which  he  was  assisted 
by  Chettle  and  Decker,  sold  for  £9  at  the  Roxburghe  sale. 
See  Biog.  Dramat.,  where  twenty-two  plays  are  ascribed 
to  this  author. 

Haukin,  Wm. 
Lon.,  1631,  4to. 

Hauliinius,  anr/Iice  Hawkins. 

Ilanksbee,  Francis,  Curator  of  E.xperiments  to 
the  Royal  Society,  distinguished  for  his  e.\pcrinients  in 
electricity,  wrote  several  works  on  electricity,  A-c.,  pub. 
1709-31,  and  was  the  author  of  many  papers  in  Phil. 
Tr.ans.,  17U4-13,  on  subjects  of  nat.  philos.  See  Watt's 
Bibl.  Brit. 

Haupt,  Herman,  b.  1817,  at  PhiUdelphia,  grod.  at 
West  Point.  1835.  1.  Hints  on  Bridge-Building,  1840. 
2.  General  Theory  of  Bridge  Construction,  N.  York,  2d 
ed.,  1853,  Svo.  This  is  a  valuable  work,  "containing  de- 
monstrations of  the  principles  of  the  art,  and  their  appli- 
cation to  practice." 

Hausted,  Peter,  D.D.,  was  "Vicar  of  Gretton,  1639, 
and  had  several  other  preferments.  1.  The  Rival  Friends; 
a  Com.,  Lon.,  1632,  4to.  2.  Senile  Odium;  Com.,  Cantab., 
1633,  12mo.  3.  Ten  Serins.,  Lon.,  1636,  4to.  4.  Ad  Popu- 
lum:  a  Lecture  to  the  People,  Oxon.,  1644,  4to.  5.  The 
Amorous  War;  a  Tragi-Com.,  Lon.,  1648,  4to.  6.  Hymnus 
Tabaco  ;  a  Poem  in  honour  of  Tabaco,  by  Raphael  Thorius  ; 
made  English  by  P.  H.,  1651,  sm.  Svo.  The  Hymn  in 
praise  of  Tobacco,  both  Latin  and  English,  will  be  found 
in  Bliss's  Wood's  Athen.  Oxon.,  ii.  379.  It  is  a  theme  in 
which,  doubtless,  many  of  our  readers  feel  a  lively  interest. 

"Our  Author  seems  to  be  much  of  the  Humour  of  Bm  Johnson, 

(whose  greatest  weakness  was  that  he  could  not  bear  censure.") 

Langhaine's  Dram.  Facts.,  q.  v.,  and  see  also  Bliss's  Wood's  Athen 
Oxon. ;  Iliog.  Dramat. 

Hauteuville,  H.  B.  Customs  and  Excise,  Dubl., 
1804.  f„I.  ' 

Havard,  Neast.     Theolog.  treatises,  Lon.,  1778. 

Havard,  Wm.,  an  actor,  d.  1778,  aged  68.  1.  Scan- 
derbeg;  T.,  1733,  Svo.  2.  K.  Charles  the  First;  H.  T.,  1737, 
Svo.  3.  Regulus:  T.,  1744,  Svo.  4.  The  Elopement;  F., 
1768,  N.  P.     See  Biog.  Dr.tmat. 

Haveloch,  Capt.  Henry.  Narrative  of  the  War  in 
Affghanif  tan  in  183.H-39 ;  2d  ed.,  Lon.,  1840,  2  vols.  cr.  Svo. 
See  Blackwood's  Mag.,  xlix.  298. 

Haven,  Mrs.  Alice  B.,  formerly  Miss  Bradley, 
a  native  of  Hudson.  New  York,  was  married  in  1846  to 
the  late  Joseph  C.  Xeal.  the  popular  author  of  the  Char- 
co.al  Sketches.  After  his  decease  she  superintended  the 
Gazette  which  h.ad  long  borne  her  husband's  name,  and 
contributed  to  it  and  to  other  periodicals  many  prose  and 
poetical  articles.  Having  been  from  a  very  early  age  a 
contributor  to  the  literary  journals  of  the  d.ay,  she  now 
found  the  advantage  of  the  possession  of  a  practised  pen. 
In  1853  Mrs.  Neal  was  married  to  Mr.  Joshua  L.  Haven. 
Ill  1850  she  gave  to  the  world  The  Gossips  of  Rivertown, 
with  Sketches  in  Prose  and  Verse,— a  gr.aphic  description 
of  ovcry-day  life  in  the  country.  But  it  is  as  a  writer  for 
the  young  that  Mrs.  Haven  has  acquired  honours  of  the 
most  substantial,  truly  valuable,  and  enduring  character. 
The  excellent  "  Cousin  Alice"  is  a  favoured  guest  in 
many  a  household  circle, — the  "Parents'  Assistant"  and 
"The  Children's  Friend." 

The  volumes  entitled  Helen  Morton's  Trial,  No  Such 
Word  as  Fail,  Contentment  Better  than  Wealth,  Patient 
Waiting  No  Loss,  All's  Not  Gold  that  Glitters,  Pictures 
from  the  Bible,  Watch  and  Pr,aT,  A  Place  for  Everything 
and  Everything  in  its  Place,  Nothing  Venture  Nothing 
Have.  Out  of  Debt  out  of  Danger,  The  Coopers,  have  doubl^ 
less  improved  the  heart  whilst  gratifying  the  imagination, 
and  instructed  the  conscience  as  well' as  pleased  the  ta.stc. 

Haven,  Erastns  O.,  D.D.,  b.  1820,  in  Boston,  graJ. 
Weslcyau  University,  1842.  The  Young  Man  Advised, 
N.  York,  1855,  12mo. 


HAV 

Haven,  Jason,  1733-1803,  grad.  at  Harvard  College, 
1754,  minister  of  Dedhuui.  Mass.,  pub.  serms.,  &c.,  1^5S-ilO. 
Haven,  Joseph,  I'ruf.  of  Intellectual  and  Moral  Phi- 
lowpby,  Amherst  OoU.  Mental  rhilosoi.liy  ;  including  the 
Intelleet,  the  Sensibilities,  and  the  Will,  Bust.,  1858,  r.  12mo. 
Commended. 

Haven,  Nathan  Appleton,  171)0-1820,  a  member 
of  the  Bar,  grad.  at  Harvard  College  in  1807,  settled  at 
Portsmouth.N.  Hampshire,  and  was  editor  of  the  Por^ts- 
mouth  .Journal  from  1821  to  1825.  A  vol 
Kemains,  with  a  Memoir  by  George  Ticknor, 
1827,  Svo,  pp.  351.  See  N.  Amor.  Rev.,  xxvii.  151,  (by  W. 
B  0  Peahodv;)  and  Chris.  Exam.,  v.  70,  (by  11.  Ware,  Jr.) 
'Haven,  Samuel,  D.D.,  1727-1806,  minister  of  Ports- 
mouth, N.  Hampshire,  grandfather  of  the  preceding,  grad. 
at  Harvard  College,  1749,  pub.  several  serms.,  17fi0-1800. 
Haverlield,  Thomas  T.,  Rector  of  Goddington, 
Oxon.  1.  Serm.,  Lon.,  1811,  Svo.  2.  Serms.,  1835-38. 
Havers,  Clopton,  M.D.,  an  eminent  English  ana- 
tomist. Osteologia  Nova,  Lon.,  1691,  1729,  Svo;  Dim, 
1692,  Svo  :  Neust,,  1731,  Svo.  Ho  edited  Anatomy  of 
Bodies  of  Man  and  Woman,  from  M.  Spacher  and  J. 
Remnielin.  Lon.,  1702,  fob,  and  eontrib.  med.  papers  to 
Phil.  Trans.,  1694,  '99. 

Havers,  George,  trans,  from  the  French,  Discnurses 
on  Philosophy,  Lon.,  1661.  and  P.  De  Valle's  Travels, 
with  Sir  T.  Rue's  Voyages  into  the  E.  Indies,  1665,  fol. 

Havershani,  M.  Thomson,  Lord.     1.  Speech  in 
H.  of  Peers.  1706-07,  4to.     2.  Scotch  Invasion,  1709,  4to. 
Haviland,  D.,  Rector  of  Northpederwin,  Cornwall. 
First  Peopling  of  the  Island  of  Pritain;  Archa'ol.,  1770. 

Haviland,  J.,  Prof,  of  Anatomy.  Cambridge.  Fever 
at  Cambridge,  1815;  Med.  Trans.,  1815. 

Haviland,  John,  1792-1852,  Archit«ct  of  the  Eastern 
Penitentiary  at  Philadelphia.  Builder's  Assistant,  Bait., 
3  vols.  Svo. 

Haward,  Capt.  Lazarns.     1.  Crown  Revenue,  Ac, 

Lon  ,  1647,  '60,  4to.  2.  Occurrences  from  Ireland,  1642,4to. 

Haward,  Nicholas.      1.  Romaine  Wele   Publique, 

Ac.,  Englished   from  Eutropius.      2.  Line  of  Liberalitie, 

1569.  16mo.  „  ^,    .       ^ 

Hawarden,  Dr.  1.  True  Church  of  Christ,  Lon., 
1714,  3  Pts.  in  2  vols.  Svo.  Highly  esteemed  by  the  R. 
Catholics.  It  is  intended  as  an  answer  to  Cliarles  Leslie's 
Case  Stated.  2.  Wit  against  Reason,  Brussels,  173.i,  Svo. 
An  eminent  R.  Catholic  layman  remarks  that  there  is  in 
Hawarden's  polemic  writings 

"  An  union,  seldom  found,  of  brevity,  accuracy,  clearness,  order, 
and  close  reasoning."— OuiKLES  lilTl.En. 

Haweis,  John  O.  W.  1.  Sketches  of  the  Reforma- 
tion and  Elizabethan  Age,  Lon.,  1814,  12nio.  Originally 
pub.  in  the  British  Mag.azine.     2.  Serms.,  1848, 12mo. 

Haweis,  Thomas,  1734-1S20,  Rector  of  .\ldwinckle, 
and  chaplain  to  the  Countess  of  Huntingdon.  His  prin- 
cipal works  are  :  1.  The  Evangelical  Expositor;  or,  a  Com- 
ment on  the  Holy  Bible,  Lon.,  1765-66,  2  vols.  fol.  New 
ed.,  Glasg.,  3  vols.  4to. 

"Not  a  work  of  much  value."— Ocin«'.«  BM.  Brit. 

2.  Communicant's  Spiritual  Companion,  Lon.,  1763, 
12mo.     New  ed.,  1854,  32mo. 

"An  excellent  devotiousl  treatise." — Biclca-sli'tfi's  C.  5- 

3.  Improvement  of  the  Church  Catechism,  1775, 12mo. 
i.  Evangel.  Principles  and  Practice,  1762,  Svo.  New  ed., 
Oxf.,  1835,  12mo.  5.  Trans,  of  the  New  Test,  from  the 
Greek,  Lon.,  1795,  Svo. 

'■  His  qualifications  were  not  equnl  to  the  task,  and  his  work 
has  not  attracted  any  attention.'— Ormi-'s  Bibl.  Bill. 

6.  Hist,  of  the  Church  of  Christ,  1800,  3  vols.  Svo. 
Severely  criticized  by  Dean  Isaac  Milner,  Camb.,  1800, 
Svo,  &c.  See  an  account  of  the  controversy  in  Lowndes's 
Brit.  Lib.,  1288. 

Hawes,  Barbara.  Tales  of  the  North  American 
Indians,  1620-1776,  Lon.,  1844,  fp.  Svo. 


HAW 

Pilgrims,  ii.  47.  2.  Religion  of  the  East,  with  Impressions 
of  Foreign  Travel.  3.  Letters  on  I'niversalism,  N.  York, 
ISmo.  4.  A  Tribute  to  the  Memory  of  tlie  Pilgrims,  Hart- 
ford, 12mo.  Reviewed  in  Chris.  Exam.,  x.  297;  Chris. 
Qunr.  Spec.,  (by  J.  Leavitt,)  iii.  358. 

Hawes,  Miss  Mary   Virginia,  a  native  of  Rich- 
mond, Virginia,  daughter  of  Sanuicl  P.  Hawes,  late  of  Dor- 
chester. Mass.,haspub.  three  popular  novels  under  the  num 
dc  plume  of  Marion  Harland.   1.  Alone;  a  Tale  of  Southern 
containing  his  ;  Life  .and  Manners,  Richmond,  1804,  12uio.  Repub.  in  Lon- 
was  pub.  in    don  in  the  same  year.     Noticed  in  the  Lon.  Athenanim, 
'  ■      —      1854,1397.  In  America  the  19lh  ed.  was  pub.  iu  February, 

1856.     2.  The  Hidden  Path,  N.  York,  1855, 12mo. 

"  This  is  an  improvement  upon  the  author's  last  story  of  .\lone, 
reviewed  by  us  on  its  appearance.  There  is  more  pith  and  con- 
sistency in  the  plot,  and  very  much  less  fine  writing;  fewer  pro- 
vincialisms, both  of  thought  and  expression.  The  incidents  of 
ordinary  life  are  still  treated  too  grandly."- ion.  Athen. 
3.  Moss-Side,  N.  York.  1857.  1 2mo. 
Hawes,  Robert,  and  Robert  Loder.  Hist,  of 
Framlingham,  Woodbridge,  1798,  4to. 

Hawes,  Samuel.     Missionary  Poems,  1800. 
Hawes,  Stephen,  an  English  poet.  Groom  of  the 
Privy   Chamber  to  Henry  VII..  is   best   known   by   his 
Temple  of  Glasse,  4to,  The   Conuersion   of  Swerers,  4to, 
and  The  Pass  Tyme  of  Pleasure,  1517,  4to. 

"  If  the  poems  of  Rowlie  are  not  genuine,  the  Eastime  op  PLIi- 
STOE  is  almost  the  only  eff"rt  of  imagin.ition  and  invention  which 
had  appeared  in  our  poetry  since  Chaucer." — Warton's  Hist,  of 
Eiuj.  P"d. 

"Those  who  require  the  ardent  words  or  the  harmonious  grace 
of  poetical  diction  will  not  fiequently  be  content  with  Hawes. 
Uiililie  many  of  "Ur  older  versifiers,  he  would  be  judged  more  un- 
fiTOuralilv  by  extracts  than  bv  a  general  view  of  his  long  work, 
['the  PassTyme  of  Pleasure.]  lie  is  rude,  olscure.  full  of  pedantic 
Latinisms.  and  proViahly  has  been  disligured  iu  the  press;  but 
learned  and  philnsopiiieal.  reminding  us  fre^iuently  of  the  school 
of  James  V—Hallam-s  Lit.  Hist,  i.f  Eurnfe. 

"That  he  is  greatly  superior  to  many  of  his  immediate  pre- 
decessors and  contemporaries,  in  harmonious  versification  and 
clear  expression,  will  appear  from  the  following  stanza : 
"  '  Besydes  this  gyauut,  upon  every  tree,' "  &c. 

^yartvn\  Hid.  nf  Eng.  Ihet. 
See  also  Bliss's  Wood's  Athen  Oxon-;  Ellis's  Specimens; 
Brydgos's  Phillips's    Theat.  Poet. ;     Censura  Literaria  ; 
Ritson's  Bibl.  Poet.  ;  Dibdin's  Lil).  Comp. 

Hawes,  William,  M.D.,  1736-lSOS,  pub.  a  number 
of  works  on  medicine,  the  Humane  Society,  and  Bills  of 
Mortality,  Lon.,  1774-95.  He  pub.  An  Account  of  the 
late  Dr.  Goldsmith's  last  Illness  so  far  as  relates  to  the 
Exhibition  of   James's   Powders,   1774,  4to,   3  eds. 

Hawes,  M'illiam  Post,  b.  1821,  in  the  city  of  New 
York,  was  a  popular  contributor  to  the  New  York  Mirror, 
the  American  Monthly  Magazine,  The  Spirit  of  the  Times 
and  Turf  Register,  and  other  periodicals.  A  collection 
of  his  writings  was  pub.  in  1842,  shortly  after  his  death, 
entitled  Sporting  Scenes  and  Sundry  Sketches,  being  the 
Miscellaneous  Writings  of  J.  Cypress,  Jr.  Edited,  with  a 
memoir,  by  Henry  William  Herbert. 

Hawke,  Hon.  Annabella  Eliza  Cassandra. 
Babvlon,  and  other  Poems,  Lon.,  1811,  Svo. 

liawke,  Hon.  Martin  Bladder,  brother  to  the 
preceding.  1.  The  Ranger;  a  Colloc.  of  Periodical  Essays 
by  M.  ll.awkeand  Sir  R.Vincent,  B.art,  1794,  Svo ;  2d 
ed.,  1795.  2  vols.  12mo. 

Hawke,  Michael.  1.  The  Right  of  Dominion,  and 
Property  of  Liberty,  whether  National.  Civil,  or  Religious, 
Lon..  1655:  2.  Killing  is  Murder ;  against  a  Pamphlet  nf 
W.  Allen,  entit.  Killing  no  Murder,  1657,  4to.  3.  Grounds 
of  the  Laws  of  Engl.and,  1657,  4to. 

Hawker,  Capt.  B.  A.  Journal  of  a  Regimental 
Officer  during  the  late  Campaign  in  Portugal  and  Spain, 
1810.  Svo. 

Hawker,  Essex.     The  Wedding;   an  Opera,  Lon., 
1729,  8vo. 
Hawker,  Lieut. -Col.  P.,  R.A.     Instructions  to 


•  We  cannot  say  any  thing  of  this  entertaining  collection  more  I  Y'oung  Sportsmen  in   all  that  relates   to  Guns  and  Shoot- 


descriptive  or  appropriate  tb.an  that  it  forms  an  admirable  intro- 
duction to  Catlin's  book.  It  is  impossible  to  over-estimate  the 
importance  to  this  country  of  carefully  instructing  its  youth  in 
the  history  and  character  of  the  natives  of  its  colonies  and  settle- 
ments.'"— Lon.  Atlas. 

Hawes,  Benjamin,  Jr.,  M.P.  The  Abolition  of 
Arrest  and  Imprisonment  for  Debt  considered.  Lon.,  1836, 
Svo.     See  McCulloch's  Lit.  of  Pulit.  Econ.,  132. 

Hawes,  Edward.  Trayterovs  Pereyes  and  Cates- 
byes  Prosopopcia.  Lon.,  1606,  4to.  This  poetical  tract  of 
12  leaves,  written  by  a  "youth  of  sixteen  yeeres  old,"  was 
sold  at  Sotheby's  in  1821  for  £16 ;  Bibl.  Anglo-Poet.,  £40. 

Hawes.  Joel,  D.D.,  of  Connecticut.  1.  Loots,  to 
'  ■  ■  "      '■         Hartford,  1848. 


Young  Men,  on  Character  and  Reading,  H 
Reviewed  in  Chris.  Month.  Spec,  x.  474; 
51 


ing,  2d  ed..  Lon.,  1816,  Svo;  9th  ed.,  1844,  Svo.  Amer. 
ed^  from  the  9th  Lon.  ed.,  to  which  is  added  The  Hunting 
and  Shooting  of  N.  America,  edited  by  W.  T.  Porter, 
editor  of  the  N.  York  Spirit  of  the  Times,  Phil.,  1846,  Svo ; 
10th  Lon.  ed.,  1854,  Svo. 

"  Colonel  Hawker  expounds  the  whole  rationale  of  shooting  with 
clearness,  fulness,  and  vivacity."— .EfJm.  A're. 

"  Colonel  Hawker  is  one  of  the  best  shots  in  England,  and  bis 
Instructions  to  Sportsmen  the  very  best  book  we  have  on  the 
subject." — Blackwood's  Magazine ;  seexxi.  Ill;  xxviii,  311. 

"  Proves  the  writer  to  lie  the  {/rent  gun  in  all  matters  which 
concern  the  sports  of  the  field."— ton.  Lit.  Gazette. 

Hawker,  Robert,  1763-1827,  a  Calvinistic  divino,.a 
native  of  Exeter.  Vicar  of  Charles-the-Martyr,  Plymouth, 


Spirit  of  the    for  fifty  years,  pub.  many  serms.  and  theolog.  work.s.  among 


HAW 


HAW 


the  best-known  of  which  are  The  Commentary  on  the  Old  ! 
and  N.  Test.,  1816.  'J  mis.,  40  Parts,  Svo;    new  ed.,  1S42,  I 
3  vol.'!.  4to  ;  The  Toor  Man's  Comment,  on  the  N.  Test., 
1816,  4  vols.  12mo  :  The  Poor  Man's  Comment,  on  the  Old  I 
Test..  1822,  6  vol3.'l2mo  ;  Concord,  .ind  Diet,  to  the  Bible,  j 
newed.,  IMJfi.  12mo;  Zion's  Pilgrim,  15th  ed.,  1854, 18mo;  j 
Poor  Man's  Morning  and  Evening  Portion,  new  ed.,  1855,  ' 
12mo.     There  are  two  vols,  of  selections  from  his  Com-  , 
mentarj  on  the  Bible : — Spiritual  Reflections  on  the  Scve-  J 
ral  Chapters  of  Holy  Scripture,  1845,  p.  8vo.     A  collective 
ed.  of  his  Works,  with  a  Memoir  of  his  Life  and  Writings, 
by  the  Rev.  John  Williams,  D.D.,  of  Stroud,  was  pub.  in 
1831,  in  10  vols.  Svo,  £4  i>^.-,    r.   8vo,  £5   15^.  tnl.     His 
commentary  is  better  suited  fur  the  closet  than  the  library. 
Mr.  Bickersteth  describes  it  as 

"CaJvinistic  aud  full  of  tbe  S^aviour,  but  wanting  in  just  cri- 
ticism."— Christian  Stitdent. 

'■■It  was  siiid  of  the  celebrated  com  men  titers  Cocceius  and 
Grotius,  that  the  one  found  Christ  everywhere,  and  the  other 
nowhere.  Dr.  Ilawker  is  of  the  former  school,  and  Je.sus  is  the 
name  which  he  everywhere  'deli-rhteth  to  honour.'  lie  writes 
with  trreat  mi'desty:  the  general  design  is  good,  and  its  tendency 
excellL-ut."— Dr.  Williams. 

The  plan  is  as  follows : — 1.  An  introduction  to  every 
book,  aud  a  table  of  contents  to  each  chapter.  2.  Re- 
ferences to  other  passages  of  Scripture,  by  way  of  illustra- 
tion, with  occasional  elucidations  and  remarks.  3.  Ketlec- 
tions  at  the  close  of  each  chapter,  by  way  of  improvement. 

Hawkos,  W.  R.  Gaul,  King  of  Ragahj  a  Tragic 
Drama,  1813. 

Hawkes,  Wm.     Serms.,  Liverp.,  1S23,  2  vols.  Svo. 

**  A  man  of  deep  reflection,  and  a  very  perspicuous  and  correct 
writ*?r." — Dr.  Saml.  Parr. 

Hawkesbury,  Lord,  Earl  of  Liverpool.  1.  Speech 
in  H.  of  C,  Lon.,  ISOO,  Svo.  2.  Speech  in  H.  of  Lords, 
1805. 

HawkesAVOrth,  Miss.  Relics  of  Antiquity:  forty- 
eight  Plates,  with  descrip.,  1811. 

Hawkesworth,  John,  LL.D.,  1715  or  '19-1773,  a 
native  of  London,  is  best  known  as  the  editor  of  The 
Adventurer,  (pub.  Nov.  7,  1752- March  9,  1754,)  and  the 
author  of  70  or  72  of  its  140  numbers.  He  was  also  a 
contributor  to  tbe  Gentleman's  Magazine;  pub.  some 
Tales, — Edgar  and  Emmeline,  aud  Almoran  and  Ilamet, — 
1761 ;  edited  Swift's  Works  and  Letters,  with  his  Life, 
1765-66;  pub.  a  trans,  of  Telemachus  in  17fiS;  wrote 
Zimri,  au  excellent  oratorio,  and  other  plays;  and  in 
1773  (3  vols.  4to)  gave  to  the  world  an  Account  of  the  Voy- 
ages of  Byron,  WalHs,  Cartaret,  and  Cook.  By  this  last 
publication,  for  which  he  was  engaged  by  the  Govern- 
ment, ho  gained  £6000, — not  unalloyed  by  severe  censure 
for  moral  improprieties  in  his  description  of  savage  life, 
for  alleged  nautical  errors  and  scientific  defects.  Vol.  i. 
contains  the  voyages  of  Byron,  Wallis,  and  Cartaret. 
Captain  Cook's  first  voyage  occupies  vol.  ii.  and  iii. 
They  were  trans,  and  pub.  in  (JJerman  and  French  in  the 
following  year.  See  Cook,  Captain  Jamks.  He  was  au 
imitator  of  Dr.  Johnson,  and  in  his  youth  was  one  of  the 
few  pupils  of  which  the  doctor's  school  could  boast.  He 
■was  a  zealous  promoter  of  the  interests  of  religion  and 
morality,  and,  we  have  reason  to  believe,  deeply  regretted 
the  faults  for  which  bis  work  on  the  Voyages  of  Byron, 
&c.  was  justly  blamed. 

As  a  writer  he  occupies  the  first  rank  among  English 
classical  essayists.  Dr.  Johnson,  in  his  Lives  of  the  Eng- 
lish Poets,  referring  to  Hawkesworth's  Life  of  Swift, 
characterizes  the  author  as  one 

'•  Capable  of  dignifying  his  narrations  with  elegance  of  language 
and  force  of  sentiment." — Life  of  Sivift. 

The  two  biographies  are  thus  contrasted  by  a  diligent 
student  of  English  literature  : 

"Read  Hawkesworth's  Life  of  Swift;  of  whose  character  and 
conduct  but  an  imperfect  idea  is  given  by  the  narrative  of  John- 
eon.  Hawkesworth  is  much  more  communicative  and  interest- 
ing; and  the  minuteness  and  simplicity  with  which  he  details 
the  few  but  deplorable  incidents  of  the  last  four  years  of  Swift's 
life  are  highly  aifecting.  The  circumstance  of  his  struggling  to 
express  himsi'lf.  alter  a  silence  broken  but  once  for  more  than  a 
year,  and,  finding  all  his  efforts  ineffectual,  heaving  a  deep  sigh, 
quite  cleaves  the  heart." — GrccTi's  Diary  of  a  Lover  of  Litxratiire, 
Oct.  11,  17'.16. 

One  of  the  ablest  and  most  elegant  critics  in  the  lan- 
guage presents  us  with  a  most  agreeable  portrait  of  Dr. 
Hawkesworth,  from  which  we  give  a  brief  extract: 

"His  imagination  was  fertile  and  brilliant,  bis  diction  pure, 
elegant,  and  unaffected;  ....  his  manners  were  polished  and 
affable,  and  his  conversation  has  been  described  as  uncommonly 
fascinating, — as  combining  instruction  and  entertainment  with  a 
flow  of  wtirds  which,  though  unstudied,  was  yet  concisely  and 
appropriately  elnnuent."' — Literary  Lif:  of  Dr.  Hawhisiuorth :  Dr. 
Drake's  Es^says,  vol.  v.,  g.  v. 

See  also  Sir  John  Hawkins's  Life  of  Dr.  Johnson;  Bos- 


well's  Life  of  Dr.  Johnson  ;  Disraeli's  Calamities  of 
Authors :  Dibdin's  Lib.  Comp. ;  Chalmers's  Biog.  Diet. ; 
Gent.  Mag.:  Pref.  to  The  Adventurer;  W.  H.  Prescott's 
Miscellanies,  ed.  1855,  Bost.,  p.  52fl. 

Hawkesworth,  Richard,  LL.D.  Travels  in  South 
America,  1799-1804;  trans,  from  the  French  of  Humboldt 
and  Bonpland,  Lon.,  1806.  Svo.  M.  de  Bonpland  died 
1857,  at  the  ripe  age  of  84.  A  letter  of  his,  written  to  a 
member  of  the  Geographical  Society  at  Paris,  was  read  at 
its  meeting.  May  5,  1856. 

Hawkins,  A.  1.  Hist,  of  the  Turkish  Empire,  1300- 
1740,  from  the  French  of  Mign.d,  Lon.,  178S,  4  vols.  Svo. 
2.  The  Works  of  Claudiau,  in  English  verse,  1817,  2  vols. 
Svo. 

*'  Claudian  I  recommend  to  your  careful  perusal,  as  properly 
the  first  of  the  moderns,  or.  at  least,  the  transitional  link  be- 
tween the  Classii'  and  the  Outhic  mode  uf  thnught.'' — Coleiudqe. 

3.  On  some  Exotics;  Trans.  Ilortic.  Soc,  1815. 

Hawkins,  Ca'sar,     Acct.  of  S.  Lee,  Lon.,  1754,  Svo. 

Hawkins,  Sir  Christopher.  Observ.  on  the  Tin 
Trade  of  the  Ancients  in  Cornwall,  1811,  r.  Svo. 

Hawkins,  Edward,  D.D..  Pruvostof  Oriel  College, 
Preb.  of  Rochester  and  Ireland  Professor.  1. Unauthorita- 
tive Tradition,  O.xf.,  ISUt,  Svo.  Reviewed  in  Lon.  Quar. 
Rev.,  xxi.  352.  2.  Discourses  on  the  Historical  Scriptures 
of  the  Old  Test.,  1833,  Svo.  3.  Serm.,  1  Thess.  v.  21, 
1S3S,  Svo.  4.  Christian  Truth;  S  Eampton  Lects.  for 
1840,  1840,  Svo.  5.  Serm.,  2  Tim.  i.  6,  7,  2d  ed.,  Lon., 
1842,  Svo.  6.  Serms.  ou  the  Church,  1847,  Svo.  7,  In- 
aug,  Lect,  1S48,  Svo.  8.  Serms.  on  Scriptural  Types, 
1851,  Svo.  9.  Psalms,  Lessons,  and  Prayers,  for  every 
Morning  and  Evening  in  the  Week,  2d  ed.,  1855,  12mo. 

Hawkins,  Edward,  Keeper  of  the  Coins  in  British 
Museum.     Silver  Coins  of  England,  Lon.,  1841,  Svo. 

Hawkins,  Ernest,  Preb.  of  St.  Paul's,  and  Sec.  to 
the  Society  for  the  Propagation  of  the  Gospel.  1.  Hist. 
Notices  of  the  C.  of  Eng.  Missions  to  N.  Amer.  Colonies 
previous  to  the  Independence  of  the  U.  States,  Lon.,  1S45. 
This  vol.,  which  is  of  great  historical  interest,  is  composed 
of  the  MS.  Letters,  Reports,  *fec.  of  the  missionaries  in 
N.  York,  N.  England,  &c.  to  the  Society  for  the  Propaga- 
tion of  the  Gospel,  now  in  their  archives.  2.  Annals  of 
the  Colonial  Church,  1847,  fp.  Svo.  3.  Annals  of  the 
Diocese  of  Quebec,  1S49,  fp.  Svo. 

Hawkins,  Francis.  1.  Youths'  Behaviour;  from  the 
French,  Lon.,  1646, 12mo ;  1663,  sm.  Svo  ;  9th  impression, 
1668,  sm.  Svo.  See  Lowndes's  Bibb  Man.,  2000.  2.  Con- 
fession of  E.  Fitz-Harris,  16S1,  4to.  3.  Discourse  with 
do.,  1681. 

Hawkins,  George.  Female  Education,  Lon.,  1781, 
12mo. 

HaAvkins,  Griffith.  Arming  Merchants'  Vessels, 
1812. 

Hawkins,  H.  A  Reform  in  Parliament  the  ruin  of 
Parliament,  1813,  Svo. 

Hawkins,  Henry,  and  Hawkins,  Lsptitia  Ma- 
tilda, son  and  daughter  of  Sir  John  Hawkins,  (1719- 
1789.)     Sermonets,  Lon.,  1814,  Svo. 

HaAvkius,  Henry.  Warrants  of  Attorney,  Lon., 
1S44,  12mo. 

Hawkins,  Isaac.    Longitude  at  Sea,  Lon.,  1714,  Svo. 

Hawkins,  Sir  John,  M.P.,  1520  P-1595,  an  eminent 
naval  commander,  distinguished  himself  in  the  prepara- 
tions made  to  confront  the  Spanish  Armada,  aud  made 
several  voyages  to  Spain,  Portugal,  the  Canaries,  &c.  A 
true  DcclaraLio  of  the  Troublesome  Voyage  (the  second) 
of  Mr.  John  Hawkins  to  tbe  partes  of  Guynea  and  the 
West  Indies,  1567  and  '&S,  Lon.,  1569,  Svo.  Also  in  the 
first  vols,  of  the  Collections  of  Purehas  and  Churchill. 

"If  the  result  of  English  Embassies,  having  for  their  object 
many  things  in  common  with  those  of  the  Portuguese,  be  a4  all  a 
topic  which  weighs  with  the  Collector  of  Travels,  let  hira  form  an 
ac'iuaintance  with  the  text  of  Hawkins  and  Koe.'' — Dibdin's  Lib. 
Comp. 

Hawkins,  John.  His  Serm.  on  Prov.  i.  4,  entitled 
A  Sallade  for  tbe  Simple,  Lon.,  1595,  Svo. 

Hawkins,  John.    See  Hawkins,  William. 

Hawkins,  John,  M.D.  Discursus  de  Melancholia 
Hypochondriaca,  Heid.,  1633,  4to. 

Hawkins,  John.  The  Key  of  Commerce,  Lon., 
16S9,  4to. 

Hawkins,  John.     Two  Serms.,  Lon.,  1725,  Svo. 

Hawkins,  Sir  John,  1719-17S9,  a  descendant  of  the 
eminent  naval  commander  of  tbe  same  name,  was  de- 
signed for  his  father's  trade, — house-building  and  survey- 
ing,—but  preferred  the  study  of  the  law,  and  became  an 
attorney  and  solicitor.  In  1749  he  was  admitted  a  member 
of  a  club  which  originated  with  Mr.  (afterwards  Dr.)  John- 


HAW 

SOD,  composed  of  nine  members,  and  meeting  on  Tuesday 
evenings  at  the  King's  Head,  in  Ivy-lane,  near  St.  Paul's. 
In  1753  he  was  married  to  Miss  Sidney  Storer;  and,  having 
thus  come  into  the  possession  of  a  large  fortune,  he  retired 
from  business,  and  devoted  himself  to  literary  pursuits 
and  magisterial  duties.  In  1760  he  editeil  Walton's  Com- 
plete Angler,  with  Notes,  1  vol.  8vo,  and  a  Life;  in  1761 
he  became  Justice  for  the  County  of  Middlesex ;  in  176.S 
he  was  elected  one  of  the  first  members  of  The  Literary 
Club;  in  1772  he  was  knighted;  in  1773  and  '78  he  con- 
tributed some  notes  to  Johnson's  and  Steevens's  edit,  of 
Shakspeare;  in  1776  he  pub.,  in  5  vols.  4to,  his  General 
History  of  the  Science  and  Practice  of  Music  ;  and  in 
1787  pub.,  in  11  vols.  8vo,  an  edit,  of  The  Life  and  Works 
of  Dr.  Johnson,  lie  was  highly  valued  by  his  distin- 
guished friend,  drew  up  his  will  at  his  reciucst,  and  con- 
sented to  servo  as  one  of  his  executors.  Of  Sir  John's 
principal  work,  to  which  he  devoted  the  labour  of  sixteen 
years, — the  History  of  Music, — we  have  already  had  occa- 
sion to  speak  at  length  in  our  life  of  Charles  Burney, 
Mus.  Doc.,  to  which  the  reader  is  referred.  Some  inte- 
resting criticisms  upon  Sir  John's  History,  impugning  its 
accuracy  and  iudgment,  will  be  found  in  the  London 
Athenaeum,  1849,  284,  338;  1854,  436;  and  in  Black- 
wood's Mag.,  1830,  475-476.  We  have  already  stated — 
see  p.  300— that  in  1819  Dr.  Busby  pub.  a  General  History 
of  Music,  abridged  from  the  works  of  Burney  and  Haw- 
kins, in  2  vols.  8vo.  Since  we  wrote  Burney's  life,  a  new 
edit,  of  Sir  John's  work  has  appeared,  with  the  author's 
Posthumous  Notes,  Lon.,  1854.  This  reprint  is  thus  no- 
ticed by  an  eminent  authority  : 

"  Sir  John's  book,  if  it  is  to  be  consulted  as  an  authority  in 
competition  with  Burney's,  demands  skilled  and  searching  editor- 
ship, and  such  verification  of  every  statement  as  few  possess 
either  sufficient  time  or  knowledge  to  administer.  Ko  process  of 
the  kind,  it  is  needless  to  s.^y.  has  been  ath.'nipt-'d  with  regard  to 
the  present  edition;  and  this  makes  the  tone  of  panegyric  or 
apology  in  the  preface  uuadvisable,  as  provoking  comparison  and 
reply." — Lon.  Athencrum,  1854,4.06. 

As  regards  Sir  John's  Life  and  Works  of  Dr.  Johnson, 
the  reader  of  Boswell — and  who  is  not? — must  receive 
the  censures  of  the  latter  on  this  publication  cum  r/rano 
salig.  A  competent  judge  remarks  in  one  of  the  first  of 
his  many  e.tcellent  annotations  upon  Boswell's  Life  of 
Johnson : 

"  I  will  here  observe,  once  for  all.  that  5Ir.  Boswell  is  habitually 
unjust  to  Sir  J,  Il.iwkius.  whose  Life  of  Johnson  (published  in 
1787)  is  by  no  means  so  inaccurate  or  uusatisfactoi-y  as  he  repre- 
sents it.  He  borrowed  largely  from  it,  and  it  contains  a  great 
deal  of  Johnsonian  liii-  which  Mr.  Boswell  had  not  the  opportunity 
of  seeing.'' — John  Wilson  Croeeb. 

In  early  life  Sir  John  was  a  contributor  to  the  Gentle- 
man's Magazine,  the  Universal  Spectator,  and  the  West- 
minster Journal.  In  some  of  the  essays  thus  contributed, 
the  author  favoured  the  public  with  specimens  of  his 
poetical  abilities.  In  addition  to  the  works  already  no- 
ticed, he  pub.  Observations  on  the  Highways,  in  1763,  8vo, 
a  Charge  to  a  Grand  Jury,  in  1770,  Svo,  and  another  Charge 
to  a  General  Jury,  in  1780,  Svo,  and  a  Dissertation  on  the 
Armorial  Ensigns  of  Middlesex  and  Westminster,  in  1780, 
4to.  For  further  information  respecting  Sir  John  Haw- 
kins, who  was  really  a  very  respectable  character  both  in 
public  and  private  life,  wo  refer  the  reader  to  an  interest- 
ing memoir  in  Chalmers's  Biog.  Diet,,  drawn  up  from 
materials  fnrnishcd  by  the  deceased  knight.  See  also 
Walpole's  Anecdotes  of  Painting ;  Disraeli's  Quarrels  of 
Authors;  Gent. Mag.,  June,  1814.  551-553;  July,  1814,  12. 
Hawkins,  John.  The  Quina-Quina  of  Peru;  Trans. 
Linn.  Soc,  1794. 

Hawkins,  John.     Machine  for  cntting  Paper  and 
the  Edges  of  Books:  Nie.  Jour.,  1806. 

Hawkins,  John.  On  Daniel,  chap,  ii.,  Lon. ,1815, Svo. 
Hawkins,  John  Sidney,  d.  1S42,  aged  85,  eldest 
6on  of  Sir  John  Hawkins,  and  brother  to  Henry  and 
Laetitia  Matilda  Hawkins.  1.  Ruggles's  Latin  Comedy  of 
Ignoramus,  Lon.,  1787,  Svo  ;  best  ed.  2.  Big.aud's  trans, 
of  Da  Vinci's  Treatise  on  Painting,  with  a  Life  of  Da 
Vinci  by  the  editor,  1802,  Svo.  3.  Observ.  on  Gothic 
Architecture,  1813,  r.  Svo.  4.  An  Inquiry  into  the  Nature 
and  Principles  of  Thorough  Bass,  1817,  Svo.  5.  An  In- 
quiry into  the  Nature  and  History  of  Greek  and  Latin 
Poetry,  1817,  Svo.  6,  7.  Two  tracts  in  vindication  of 
himself  against  the  charges  of  John  Thomas  Smith,  1807, 
Svo,  and  1808,  Svo.  8.  Contrib.  to  Carter's  Antient  Sculp- 
ture and  Painting.  9.  Con.  to  Schnebbelie's  Antiquaries' 
Museum,  1791.  10.  Con.  to  Gent.  Mag.,  1809-25.  See  a 
biographical  notice  of  Mr.  Hawkins  in  Gent.  Mag.,  1842, 
Pt.  2,  662-664  ;  sco  also  Disraeli's  Quarrels  of  Authors ; 
Gent.  Mag.,  June,  1814,  551-553 ;  July,  1S14,  12-13. 


HAW 

Hawkins,  Miss  Iia-titia  Matilda,  a  daughter  of 
Sir  John  Hawkins,  (1719-89.)  1.  Sicgwart;  a  T.ale,  from 
the  German,  1806,  3  vols.  12mo.  2.  The  Countess  and 
Gertrude;  a  Nov.,  Lon.,  1311,  4  vols.  Svo.  3.  Rosanne, 
1814,  3  vols.  Svo.  4.  Sermonets  :  see  Hawkins,  Henry. 
5.  Anecdotes,  1823,  Svo.  6. Memoirs,  Biographical  Sketches, 
Anecdotes,  &c.,  1824,  2  vols.  p.  Svo. 

"An  imuiense  number  of  well-known  personages  are  here 
brought  under  review.  It  contains  humour  enough  to  fill  a 
dozen  modern  jest-books." 

'•  This  highly-amusing  writer  has  observed  no  order  of  march, 
but  has  strung  her  pearls  together  as  they  came  to  hand,  giving 
here  an  account  of  her  Cither's  neighbours  in  Twickenham,  then 
of  his  musical  friends,  now  of  these  who  visited  at  his  t.tble,  and 
then  of  those  who  were  met  at  the  houses  of  friends :  in  short,  it " 
exhibits  a  specimen  of  perfect  gossiping." — Goodhugh's  Lib.  Man. 

"The  redeeming  genius  of  that  family — the  genius  which,  like 
the  figure  of  the  antieuts,  bears  wings  on  its  ."dioulders  and  a 
flame  on  its  head — must  be  a  female  I" — Isaac  Disraeli:  Gent. 
Mdij.,  July,  1814, 1^13.  See  references  at  conclusion  of  the  last 
article. 

HaAvkins,  Sir  Richard,  d.  1622,  a  son  of  Sir  John 
Hawkins,  (1520?-1595,J  like  his  father,  distinguished  him- 
self in  the  preparations  raado  to  confront  the  Spanish 
Armada,  and  also  made  several  voyages.  1.  The  Observa- 
tions of  Sir  Richard  Hawkins,  Knight,  in  his  Voyage  to 
the  South  Sea,  a.d.  1593,  Lon.,  1622,  fol.  See  likewise 
Callander's  Voyages,  ii.  3,  1766.  2.  Discourse  of  the 
Natural  Excellence  of  England,  1658,  Svo.  See  Biog. 
Brit.;  Prince's  Worthies  of  Devon ;  Bliss's  Wood's  Athen. 
Oxon.,  ii.  367-373. 
Hawkins,  Robert.  Life  of  G.  Latcby,  1707,  Svo. 
Hawkins,  Sir  Thomas.  1.  Trans,  of  Odes  of 
Horace,  Lon.,  1631,  Svo.  2.  Trans,  from  the  French  of 
the  Hist,  of  Scjanus,  and  of  Philippa,  Ac,  1639,  12mo. 

Hawkins,  Thomas.  Origin  of  the  English  Drama 
illustrated  in  its  various  species,  viz. :  Mystery,  Morality, 
Tragedy,  and  Comedy,  by  Specimens  from  our  earliest 
Writers.  With  ExpLan.  Notes,  Oxf.,  1773,  3  vols.  12mo. 
A  catalogue  of  the  contents  of  those  vols,  (also  of  Dods- 
ley's  Collection  of  Old  Plays)  will  be  found  in  Harris's 
Cat.  of  the  Royal  Institution. 

Hawkins,  Thomas.  Comment,  upon  the  I.,  II., 
and  III.  Epistles  of  St.  John,  Haliftix  and  Lon.,  ISOS,  Svo. 
Hawkins,  VV.  Life  of  Bishop  Ken,  Lon.,  171.3,  Svo. 
Hawkins,  W.  B.  The  Whole  Duty  of  Man  ;  a  new 
ed.,  revised  and  corrected,  Lon.,  1842,  fp.  Svo.  This  ed. 
contains  an  Introduction,  endeavouring  to  throw  some 
light  on  the  author,  with  notices  of  the  various  persons  to 
whom  the  authorship  has  been  attributed.  Amongst 
others  to  whom  this  celebrated  work  has  been  ascribed 
are  Archbishops  Sancroft  and  Frewen,  Bishops  Fell, 
Chapel,  and  Atterbury,  Lawrence  Sterne,  Abraham  Wood- 
head,  Wm.  Fulmau,  Richard  Allestree,  and  Lady  Dorothy 
Pakington.  The  first  ed.  was  pub.,  Lon.,  1659,  12mo. 
In  English  there  have  been  many  eds.,  and  it  has  been 
trans,  into  Latin,  French,  &c,  A  voL  entitled  The  Works 
of  the  Author  of  the  Whole  Duty  of  Man  was  pub.  in 
16S2,  2  vols.  12mo;  1684,  '87,  '95,  1704,  '26,  fol.  Respect- 
ing the  qiKFutio  vceata  of  authorship,  we  must  refer  the 
reader  to  Mr.  Hawkins's  Introduction,  just  noticed;  Dr. 
Lort's  essay  in  Nichols's  Lit.  Anec,  ii.  597-604 ;  Dr. 
Hickes's  dedication  of  his  Anglo-Saxon  Grammar;  Nash's 
Hist,  of  Worcestershire,  i.  352;  Lowndes's  Brit.  Lib,  620, 
691;  Lowndes's  Bibl.  Man.,  1942;  Miller's  Fly-Leaves, 
1st  Ser.,  1854,  89 ;  and  the  Lives  of  Allestree,  Richard, 
D.D. ;  Fell,  John,  D.D.,  in  this  Dictionary.  For  a  table 
of  the  contents  of  the  Works  of  the  Author  of  the  Whole 
Duty  of  Man,  see  Darling's  Cyc.  Bibl.,  3194.  The  ijues- 
tion,  perhaps, — like  the  authorship  of  the  Icon  Basilike 
and  of  the  Letters  of  Junius, — may  still  be  considered 
an  open  one  : 

"The  author  still  remains  undiscovered.  Millions  of  his  books 
h-ive  been  dispersed  in  the  Chiistiau  world." — Curiosities  of 
Litfrattire. 

Undoubtedly  the  merits — both  theological  and  literary 
— of  The  Whole  Duty  of  Man  are  very  great,  although 
as  a  divinity-treatise  Mr.  Bickersteth  thinks  it  not  unex- 
ceptionable : 

"  The  Whole  Duty  of  Man  w.as  a  practical  book  to  counteract 
the  -intinoniians.  and  contains  an  impressive  introduction  on  the 
care  of  the  soul ;  the  devotional  part  is  full  and  useful,  and  it  has 
a  good  stateaient  of  relative  duties,  but  it  does  not  exhibit  pro- 
minently the  only  principles  and  strength  on  which  man  can 
perform  them." 

■'  Happy  is  the  man  that  can  form  his  style  upon  that  of  Arch- 
bishop 'iillotson,  and  in  plain,  practical  preaching  upon  the 
rational,  instructive,  and  familiar  way  of  the  Whole  Duty  of 
Man." — Dean  Stanhope. 

"The  writer  deserves  to  be  numbered  with  Cowley  as  one  of  the 
earliest  purifiers  of  English  style  from  pedantry.  After  the  lapse 
of  one  hundred  and  seventy  years  they  contain  scarcely  a  word  or 
phrase  which  has  become  superannuated." — £din.  Mev. 


HAW 


HAW 


■  HaAVkins,  William.  I.Apollo  Shroving;  a  Comedy, 
Lon.,  12rao.  Acted  Feb.  6,  1626.  In  the  index  to  War- 
ton's  Hist,  of  Eng.  P.jftt.,  1S4I1,  this  is  said  to  he  by  John 
Hawkins  ;  but  Lowndes  correctly  calls  him  William  :  see 
his  Bibl.  Man.,  886.  2.  Corolla  varia  cantab.,  1634,  12mo. 
See  Lowndes,  xihi  supra. 

HaAvkius,  William,  Sergennt-at-Law.  1.  Abridj^t. 
of  Coke's  1st  Institute,  Lon.,  1711,  8vo.  Anon.  8th  ed.. 
by  J.  Rudall,  1822,  ]2mo.  2.  Pleas  of  the  Crown,  1716, 
2  vols,  fel.;  8th  ed.,  by  John  Curwood,  1824,  2  vols.  8vo. 
S.  Summary  of  the  Crown  Law,  1728,  2  vols.  8vo.  This  is 
an  abridgt.  of  No.  2.  4.  The  Statutes  at  Large  from 
Magna  Charta  to  7th  Geo.  II.,  1734-aS.  6  vols. ;  and  3  vols, 
of  Supp.,  all  fol.  See  1  Cooper's  Pub.  Rec,  13.3,-  Bridg. 
Leg.  BihI.,  324;  Brooke's  Bib.  Leg.  Ang.,  171. 

HaAvkins,  William,  d.  ISOl,  aged  79,  Fellow  of 
Pembroke  Coll.,  Oxford,  Poetry  Professor  in  the  Univ.  of 
Oxford,  1751  ;  subsequently  Preb.  of  Wells.  Rector  of 
Casterton,  Rutlandshire,  and  Vicar  of  White-Church, 
Dorset.  1.  Serm.,  Oxon.,  1752,  8vo.  2.  Serm..  Lon.,  1755, 
4to.  3.  Serm.,  1756,  8vo.  4.  Tracts  in  Divinity,  Oxf., 
1758,  8vo.  5.  Dramatic  and  other  Poems,  1758,  8vo.  6. 
Prielectiones  Poeticje,  1758,  8vo.  7.  The  ^neid  of  Virgil 
in  Eng.  Blank  Verse,  Lon.,  176t,  8vo.  8.  Serm.,  Oxon., 
176S,  8vo.  9.  Two  Serms.,  Lon.,  1773,  8vo.  10.  Dis- 
course on  Scripture  Mysteries:  8  Serms.  at  Bampton 
Lect,  17S7,  Oxf.,  1787,  Svo. 

*'  His  erudition  and  labour  demand  our  commendation.  The 
annotations  are  useful  to  illustrate  mauy  passaires  which,  from 
the  nature  of  the  comprisition,  would  not  admit  of  particular  ex- 
tracts or  more  minute  criticisms.  They  display  much  learninp, 
and  an  intimate  acquaintance  with  the  subject.'' — Lo7i.  Critical 
Jteview. 

11.  His  "Works.  Lon.,  3  vols.  Svo. 
HaAvkins,  William.     Poems,  17S7,  Svo. 
HaAvkiiis,  William.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1S27,  Svo. 
Hawkridge,  John.     Fever?,  Lon..  1764,  Svo. 
HaAVks,  Miss,  now  Mrs.  B.  Gardel.     Conversa- 
tions on  Italy,  in  English  and  French,  Phila. 

HaAVks,  Francis  Lister,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  one  of  the 
most  eminent  of  living  pulpit  orators,  was  born  at  New- 
bern.  North  Carolina,  June  10,  1798,  He  graduated  at 
the  University  of  North  Carolina  in  1815,  and  commenced 
the  practice  of  the  law  in  1S19  ;  was  elected  to  the  Legis- 
lature of  his  native  State  in  1S21  ;  ordained  a  minister  of 
the  Episcopal  Church  in  1827  ;  became  assistant  minister 
of  St.  James's  Church.  Philadelphia,  in  1829;  Rector  of 
St.  Stephen's  Church,  New  York,  in  1S30;  Hector  of  St. 
Thomas's  Church.  New  York,  1832-43;  elected,  by  the 
General  Convention  of  the  Episcopal  Church,  Missiunary 
Bishop  of  the  South  and  Southwest  in  1835,  but  de- 
clined the  office;  removed  to  Mississippi  iu  1S43,  and 
elected  bishop  of  that  diocese  iu  1844. — but  not  conse- 
crated, in  consequence  of  some  intervening  difficulties; 
Rector  of  Christ  Church,  New  Orleans,  1844-49;  Rector 
of  Calvary  Church.  New  York,  1849.  to  the  present  date, 
1858.  Since  his  last  removal  to  New  York,  Dr.  Hawks 
had  declined  (about  185.3)  the  bishopric  of  Rhode  Island, 
1.  Reports  of  Cases  adjudged  in  the  Supreme  Ct.  of  N. 
Carolina,  1820-26,  Raleigh,  1823-28,  4  vols.  Svo.  The 
first  248  pages  of  vol.  i.  were  reported  by  Thomas  Ruffin. 
2.  Digest  of  all  the  Cases  Decided  and  Reported  in  N. 
Carolina,  Svo.  3.  Contrib.  to  the  Ecclesiastical  Hist,  of 
the  U.  States  :  I.  Hist,  of  the  Prot.  Epis.  Church  in  Vir- 
ginia, N.  York,  1836,  Svo  :  II.  Hist,  of  the  Prot.  Epis. 
Church  in  Maryland,  1839,  Svo;  III.  Commentary  on 
the  Constitution  and  Canons  of  the  Prot.  Epis.  Church  iu 
the  U.  States,  1841,  Svo.  4.  Egypt  and  its  Monuments  ; 
or,  Egypt  a  Witness  for  the  Bible,  1849.  Svo  and  12mo. 
The  reader  should  add  to  this  vol.  Journal  of  a  Voyage 
up  the  Nile  in  1848-49,  by  an  American.  5.  Auricular 
Confession  in  the  Prot.  Epis.  Church,  1850, 12mo.  6.  Trans, 
from  the  Spanish  of  Rivero  and  Tschudi's  Antiq.  of  Peru, 
1854.  7.  The  Romance  of  Biography,  illustrated  in  the 
Lives  of  Historic  Personages;  edited  by  F.  L.  Hawks.  In 
12mo  vols. :  I.  Richard  the  Lion-Hearted,  1855 ;  II.  Oliver 
Cromwell,  1855.  8.  The  Cyclopaedia  of  Biography,  based 
upon  Griffin's  Cyclopedia  of  Biography,  edited  by  Mr. 
Elihu  Rich,  and  pub.  by  Griffin  &  Co.,  London  and  txlas- 
gow,  1854.  Amer.  ed.,  edited  by  F.  L.  Hawks,  N.  York, 
1856,  r.  Svo.  9.  Narrative  of  Commodore  Perry's  Expedi- 
tion to  the  China  Seas  and  Japan  in  1852-54;  compiled 
from  Perry's  original  Notes  and  Journals,  by  F.  L.  Hawks, 
1856,  4to  and  Svo.  See  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  April,  1856,  559- 
562;  July,  1856,  233-260.  10.  A  Physical  Geography  of  the 
United  States,  announced  for  1359.  Dr.  Hawks  has  cditcrl 
severals  vols,  of  natural  history  and  American  aunala,  pub. 
mi 


in  Harper's  Boys*  and  Girls'Library  under  the  title  of  Uncle 
Philip's  Conversations :  has  contributed  to  the  Protestant 
Episcopalian  of  Philadelphia,  1830-31;  to  the  New  York 
Review,  (established  by  him  in  1837,  and  pub.  until  1843;) 
to  the  Church  Record,  pub.  1840-42  ;  to  Arcturus,  a  Jour- 
nal of  Books  and  Opinions;  and  to  Putnam's  Monthly 
Magazine.  He  also  edited  the  Official  and  other  Slate 
Papers  of  the  late  Major-General  Alexander  Hamilton, 
1842,  Svo.  In  the  early  political  annals  of  the  country 
Dr.  Hawks  is  peculiarly  at  home,  and  perhaps  some  of  his 
best  compositions  will  be  found  in  the  historical  articles 
contributeil  to  the  New  York  Review.  AVe  should  not 
omit  to  add  that  this  eloquent  divine  and  lucid  historian 
possesses  also  some  claims  to  the  bays  of  the  poet.  Dr. 
Hawks  has  been  engaged  for  several  years  in  the  prepara- 
tion of  a  work  on  the  Monuments  of  Central  and  Western 
America,  which  will  doubtless  prove  a  valuable  contribu- 
tion to  a  most  interesting  department  of  antiquarian 
research.  An  occasional  hour  snatched  from  professional 
duties  is  devoted  to  the  laborious  task  of  a  History  of 
North  Carolina, — a  subject  which  has  long  engaged  the 
anxious  interest  of  the  author.  Vol.  i.,  1584:-91,  was  pub. 
1857,  Svo. 

HaAvkshead,  James.  On  Wills,  Lon.,  1826,  Svo- 
See  Hoffman's  Leg.  Stu.,  274. 

HaAA'kshaAV,  John.  Reminiscences  of  South  Ame- 
rica. Lon.,  1S38,  fp.  8vo. 

HaAVksley,  John.     Serm.,  1813,  Svo. 
HaAA'ksmoor,    Nicholas,    1666-1736,  an    eminent 
architect.     An   Hist,  Account  of   London  Bridge,   Lon., 
1736,  '38.  4lo.     See  Walpole's  Anecdotes  of   Painting; 
Chalmers's  Biog.  Diet. 
HaAvkyns,  George.  Serms.,  Lon.,  1731,  '44,  both4to. 
HaAVlcs,  John,   1645-1716,   an    English    lawyer,  a 
native  of  Salisbury.     1.  Grand  Juryman's  Oath  and  Office 
Explained,  Lon.,*1680,  4to.     Anon.     Pub.  in  1770,  12mo, 
under   the  title  of  The  Englishman's  Right,  &c.     2.  Trial 
of  E.  Fitzharris,  &c.,  1689,  fol.     3.  Magistracy  of  England, 
Ac.  1689,  fol. 

HaAVley,  Gideon,  d.  1807,  aged  80,  many  years  a 
missionary  to  the  Indians,  stationed  at  Marshpee,  Mass.. 
pub.  some  interesting  biographical  and  topographical 
matter  in  the  Hist.  Collec.  of  Mass.:  see  tii.  188-193; 
iv.  50-67. 

HaAA'orth,  Adrian,  of  Cottenham,  near  Beverley, 
Yorkshire.  1.  Observ.  on  the  Genus  Mesembryanthe- 
nium.  Lon.,  1794,  Svo,  2  Pts.  2.  Lepidoptera  Britannica, 
1803-28,  Svo,  4  Pts.  A  work  of  great  value,  seldom  found 
complete.  3.  Synopsis  Plantarum  Succulentarum,  1812, 
8vo  ;  1819,  cr.  Svo.  4.  Saxifragearum  Euumeratio,  1821, 
cr.  Svo,  5.  Con.  to  Trans.  Linn.  Soc,  1799,  1801.  6.  Con. 
to  Trans.  Hortic.  Soc,  1815. 

HaAV'Oith,  Samuel,  M.D.  1.  Anatomy  of  Man's 
Soul  and  Body,  Lon.,  1680,  Svo.  2.  Curing  Consumptions, 
1682,  12mo  ;  1683,  Svo.  3.  A  Descrip.  of  the  Dukes  Bagnio 
and  Mineral  Bath,  and  new  Spaw,  Lon.,  1683,  12mo. 
HaAA'orth,  U'm.  Hartford  Quakers,  1676,  4to. 
HaAA'tayue,  Wm.,  Rector  of  Datchworth,  Herts.  1. 
Serm.,  1714,  Svo.     2.  Serm.,  1716,  Svo. 

UaAVtayne,  Wm.,  Rector  of  EUstree,  Herts.  1.  XXI. 
Serms.,  1792,  Svo. 

'*  The  subjects  are  Of  an  interesting  and  important  nature.  The 
style  is.  on  the  whole,  easy  and  ai;r^eablc." — Lon.  Month.  Jiev. 
2.  XXXI.  Serms-  1813,  2  vols.  12mo. 
HaAVthoru,  John,  Light  Dragoon  in  the  InniskiUing 
Regiment.    Poems,  Lon.,  1779,  4to. 

HaAA'thorne,]Vathaniel,  a  popular  American  writer, 
was  born  at  Salem,  Massachusetts,  about  1807,  and  gra- 
duated at  Bowdoin  College,  Maine,  in  1825.  His  earliest 
volume  was  an  anonymous  romance,  pub.  in  Boston  in 
1832.  This  work  he  has  never  thought  proper  to  claim, 
though  doubtless,  if  it  could  be  identified  by  the  public, 
it  would  be  read  with  great  interest  and  no  little  curiosity. 
In  1837  be  pub.  his  Twice-Told  Tales;  and  in  1842  he 
gave  to  the  world  a  second  scries,  and  a  new  edit,  of  the 
first.  A  number  of  these  sketches  had  originally  made 
their  appearance  in  The  Token, — an  annual  edited  by  S. 
G.  Goodrich, — and  in  other  periodicals.  The  title  Twice- 
Told  Tales  was  therefore  no  misnomer.  In  1845  he  edited 
The  Journal  of  an  African  Cruiser,  from  the  MS.  of  Mr. 
Horatio  Bridge,  of  the  U.  S.  Navy.  In  1846  he  pub.  a 
third  collection  of  magazine-papers,  under  the  title  of 
Mosses  from  an  Old  Manse.  In  the  Introduction  to  this 
work  will  be  found  some  interesting  autobiographic.il 
sketches,  to  which  we  must  refer  the  reader  for  informa- 
tion which  our  narrow  limits  exclude.  In  1S43  he  became 
an  occupant  of  the  Old  Manse  m  Concord,  where  he  ru- 


HAW 

sided  for  three  years,  passing  his  hours  in  literary  leisure, 
and  in  the  compusition  of  some  of  his  most  charming 
sketches.  In  1846  ho  received  the  appointment  of  Sur- 
veyor in  the  Custom-House  at  Salem,  which  post  he  re- 
taioed  for  about  a  twelvemonth,  when  a  change  of  admi- 
nistration— that  grand  evil  of  American  politics — vacated 
a  desk  the  duties  of  which  had  been  as  faithfully  dis- 
charged as  if  the 

"  Ingenious  dreamer,  in  whose  ■well-told  tale 
Sweet  fiction  and  sweet  truth  alikt;  prevail," 
had  been  the  most  practical  and  cvcry-day  character  ever 
venerated  by  a  merchant  or  worshipped  by  a  politician. 

In  1S50  he  pub.  Tbe  Scarlet  Letter,  a  romance  of  in- 
tense interest,  and  exhibiting  extraurdinary  powers  of 
mental  analysis  and  graphic  descriplion.  This  was  suc- 
ceeded in  1S51  by  The  House  of  the  Seven  Gables,  one  of 
the  most  popular  of  his  productions,  and  in  1852  by  The 
BUthedale  Romance,  a  novel  founded  upon  his  experience 
as  a  member  of  The  Bruuk  Farm  Community.  Mr.  Haw- 
thorne has  also  pub.  another  selection  frdui  his  contribu- 
tions to  magazines  and  annuals,  entitled  The  Snow  Image, 
and  other  Twice-Tuld  Tales,  and  several  vols,  for  the 
Young  : — Grandfather's  Chair,  True  Stories  from  History 
and  Biography,  (1851,)  The  Wonder-Book,  for  Girls  and 
Boys,  (1851,)  and  Taiiglewood  Tales,  for  Girls  and  Boys, 
(1S53.)  A  new  ed.  of  Mosses  from  an  Old  Manse  was  issued 
in  1854,  2  vols.  12mo,  and  a  new  ed.  of  Twice-Told  Tales 
in  1856,  2  vols.  ICmo. 

We  should  not  omit  to  mention,  among  Mr.  Hawthorne's 
literary  labours,  his  Life  of  His  Excellency  Franklin 
Pierce,  President  of  the  United  States,  pub.  in  1852,  16mo. 
In  1853  Mr.  Hawthorne  was  appointed  by  President  Pierce 
American  Consul  at  Liverpool,  which  post  he  occupied 
untill  1857. 

We  have  many  reviews  before  us  of  Mr.  Hawthorne's 
productions,  but  our  limits  oblige  us  to  be  brief  in  cita- 


HAW 

asDickens."— TTexrt  T.  Tcckerman;   The  Prose  Poet;    Nathanid 
HavUvrne.,  in  Mental  Portraits,  Lon.,  1S53. 

"The  frivolous  costume  and  brisk  action  of  the  story  of  fashion- 
able life  are  easily  depicted  by  tbe  practised  sketcher  ;  but  a  work 
like  The  Scarlet  Letter  comes  slowly  upon  the  canvas,  where 
passions  are  commingled  and  overlaid  with  the  deliberate  and 
masterly  elaboration  with  which  the  grandest  effects  are  produced 
in  pictorial  composition  and  coloring.  It  is  a  dislinctjon  ot  such 
works  that,  while  they  are  acceptable  to  the  many,  they  also  sur- 
prise and  delight  the  few  who  appreciate  the  nicest  arrangement 
and  the  most  high  and  careful  linish.  The  Scarlet  Letter  will 
challenge  consideration,  in  the  name  of  Art,  in  the  best  audience 
which  in  any  age  receives  Cervantes,  Le  Sage,  or  Scott." — Da. 
RUFUS  AV.  Griswold:  Intcmativnal  Mag.,  May,  1S51. 

"No  one  who  has  taken  up  the  Scarlet  Letter  will  willingly  lay 
it  down  till  he  has  finished  it;  and  he  will  do  well  not  to  pause, 
for  he  cannot  resume  the  story  where  he  left  it.  He  should  give 
himself  up  to  the  magic  power  of  tbe  style,  without  stopping  to 
open  wide  the  eyes  of  his  good  sense  and  judgment  and  shake 
ofT  the  spell ;  or  half  the  weird  beauty  will  disappear  like  a  '  dis- 
solving view.'  To-be-sure,  when  he  closes  the  book,  he  will  feel 
very  much  like  the  giddy  and  bewildered  patient  who  is  just 
awaking  from  his  first  esperimeut  of  the  effects  of  sulphuric  ether. 
The  soul  has  been  floating  or  tlying  between  earth  and  heaven, 
with  dim  ideas  of  pain  and  pleasure  strangely  mingled,  and  aU 
I  things  earthly  swimming  dizzily  and  dreamily,  yet  most  beauti- 
ful, before  the  half-shut  eve."— iV.  Amer.  Rev.,  Jidy,  1850,  Ixxi. 
I  135-148. 

1  *'  The  Scarlet  Letter  glows  with  the  fire  of  a  suppressed,  secret, 
I  feverish  excitement:  it  is  not  the  glow  of  natural  life,  but  tbe 
hectic  of  disease,  which  burns  upon  the  cheeks  of  its  actors.  .  .  . 
The  whole  sky  and  air  are  tropical;  and,  instead  of  the  gentle 
monotony  of  ordinary  existence,  its  long,  wearing,  languid  sor- 
rows, its  vulgar  meanness  and  sleep,  we  have  a  perpetual  straia 
of  excitement,— a  fire  that  neither  wanes  nor  lessens,  but  keeps  at 
its  original  scorching  heat  for  years." — Modern  Novdists,  Great  and 
Small,  in  Blackwood's  Mag.,  May,  1855. 

"  We  are  by  no  means  satisfied  that  passions  and  tragedies  like 
these  are  thelegitimate  subjects  for  fictions:  we  are  satisfied  that 
novels  such  as  Adam  Blair,  and  plays  such  as  The  Stranger, 
may  he  justly  charged  with  attracting  more  persons  than  tbey 
warn  by  their  excitement.  But  if  Sin  and  Sorrow  in  their  most 
fearful  forms  are  to  be  presented  in  any  work  of  art,  they  have 
rarely  been  treated  with  a  loftier  severity,  purity,  and  sympathy, 


tions.  The  generous  enthusiasm  with  which  the  advent  of  I  than  in  Mr.  Hawthorne's  Scarlet  Letter.  The  touch  of  the  fan- 
the  rising  star  was  hailed  by  a  brother  poet  (we  use  the  Uastic  befitting  a  period  of socie^Mn  which  ignorant  and  excitable 
*..^  o.ul..nt.^  will  1.P  nprn/p.l  ^f  thi«  ,lnv_tu.pnfv  vpn.rs      human  creatures  conceived  each  other  and  themselves  to  be  under 


term  advisedly)  will  be  perused  at  this  day — twenty  years 
later — with  no  little  interest: 

"When  a  new  star  rises  in  the  heavens,  people  gaze  after  it  for 
a  season  with  the  naked  eye.  and  with  such  telescopes  as  they  may 
find.  In  the  stream  of  thought  which  flows  so  peacefully  deep 
and  clear  through  the  pages  of  this  book,  we  see  the  bright  reflec- 
tion of  a  spiritual  star  after  which  men  will  be  fain  to  gaze  '  with 
the  naked  eye,  and  with  the  spy-glass  of  criticism.'  This  star  is 
hut  newly  risen;  and  ere  long  the  observations  of  numerous  star- 
gazers,  perched  up  on  arm-chairs  and  editors'  tables,  will  inform 
the  world  of  its  magnitude  and  its  place  in  the  heaven  of  poetry. — 
whether  it  be  in  *he  paw  of  the  Great  Bear,  or  on  the  forehead  of 
Pegasus,  or  on  the  strings  of  the  Lyre,  or  in  the  wing  of  the  Eagle. 
Our  own  observations  are  as  follows; — To  this  iitlle  work  we  would 
say, '  Live  ever,  sweet,  sweet  book.'  It  comes  from  the  hand  of  a 
man  of  genius.  Every  thing  about  It  has  the  freshness  of  morn- 
ing and  of  May.  These  flowers  and  green  leaves  of  poetry  have 
not  the  dust  of  the  highway  upon  them.  They  have  been  gathered 
fresh  from  the  secret  places  of  a  peaceful  and  gentle  heart.  There 
flow  deep  waters,  silent,  calm  and  cOol ;  and  the  green  leaves  look 
into  them  and  'God's  blue  heaveu.'  The  book,  though  in  prose, 
is  nevertheless  written  by  a  poet.  He  looks  upon  all  things  in  the 
spirit  of  love,  and  with  lively  sympathies;  for  to  him  external 
form  is  but  the  representation  of  internal  being,  all  things  having 
a  life,  an  end  and  aim." — Henbt  W.  Longfellow  :  Revieic  of  Twice- 
Told  Talcs,  1837, 12mo,  pp.  434.  in  .^\  Amer.  litv.,  July,  1S37,  xlv. 
59-73. 

Miss  Mitford,  after  a  hasty  review  of  the  writings  of 
Irving,  Cooper,  Ware,  and  Dr.  Bird,  remarks: 

"These  excellent  writers  have  been  long  before  the  public;  hut 
a  new  star  has  lately  sprung  into  light  in  the  Western  horizon, 
who  in  a  totally  different  manner — and  nothing  is  more  remark- 
able among  all  these  American  novelists  than  their  utter  difference 
from  each  other — will  hardly  fail  to  cast  a  bright  illumination 
over  both  hemispheres.  It  is  hardly  two  years  since  Mr.  Haw- 
thorne, until  then  known  only  by  one  or  two  of  those  little  vo- 
lumes which  the  sagacious  hold  as  promises  of  future  excellence, 
put  futh  that  singular  book.  The  Scarlet  Letter,  apropos  to  which, 
Dr.  Holmes,  who  so  well  knows  the  value  of  words,  uses  this  sig- 
nificant expression : 

"  - 1  snatch  the  hook,  along  whose  burning  leaves 
His  scarlet  web  our  wild  romancer  weaves.' 
"And  it  is  the  very  word.    We  do  snatch  the  book  ;  and,  until 
we  have  got  to  the  end.  Tery  few  of  us,  I  apprehend,  have  suffi- 
cient strength  of  will  to  lay  it  down.  .  .  .  Scarcely  a  twelvemonth 
has  passed,  and  another  New  England  story — The  House  with  the 
Seven  Gables — has  come  to  redeem  the  pledge  of  excellence  given 
hy  the  first" — Itecollections  of  a  Literary  Life:  Avierican  Prose 
Wi-iters,  Lon.,  1852. 
Notices  of  The  Scarlet  Letter  : 

"With  all  the  care  in  point  of  style  and  authenticity  which 
mark  his  lighter  sketches,  this  genuine  and  unique  romance  may 
he  considered  as  an  artistic  exposition  of  Puritanism  as  modified 
by  New  England  coloni.al  life.  In  truth  to  costume,  local  man- 
ners, and  scenic  features,  the  Scarlet  Letter  is  as  reliable  as  the 
best  of  Scott's  novels;  in  the  anatomy  of  human  passion  and  con- 
sciousness it  resembles  the  most  effective  of  Balzac's  illustrations 
of  Parisian  or  provincial  life;  while  in  developing  bravely  and 
justly  the  seutiment  of  the  life  it  depicts,  it  is  as  true  to  humanity 


the  direct  '  rule  and  governance'  of  the  Wicked  One  is  most  skil- 
fully administered.  The  supernatund  here  never  becomes  grossly 
palpable  :  the  thrill  i^  all  the  deeper  for  its  action  being  iudetinita 
and  its  source  vague  and  distant." — Lon.  Athenteuvi,  June  15, 1850, 
p.  634. 

Notices  of  the  House  of  the  Seven  G.\bles: 
"The  scenery,  tone,  and  personages  of  the  story  are  imbued 
with  a  local  authenticity  which  is  not  for  an  instant  impaired  by 
the  imaginative  charm  "of  rom.ance.  We  seem  to  breathe,  as  wo 
read,  the  air,  and  be  surrounded  by  the  familiar  objects,  of  a  New 
England  town.  .  .  .  We  may  add  that  the  same  pure,  even,  unex- 
aggerated,  and  perspicuous  style  of  diction  that  we  have  recognised 
in  his  previous  writing  is  maintained  in  this." — Henry  T.  Tucker- 
man  :  I7if  Pi'ose  Poet :  JS'athamel  Hawthorne,  in  Menial  Portraits, 
Lon.,  1853. 

"  It  is  not  less  original,  not  less  striking,  not  less  powerful,  than 
the  Scarlet  Letter.  We  doubt,  indeed,  whether  he  has  elsewhere 
surpassed  either  of  the  thr^-e  stronglv-contrasted  characters  of  the 
book.  .  .  .  The  House  of  the  Seven  Gables  is  the  purest  piece  of 
imagination  in  our  prose  literature."'— Rufus  W.  Griswold  :  Inter- 
national Mag.,  May,  1851. 

"The  successive  scenes  of  this  bold  and  startling  fiction  are 
portrayed  with  a  vividness  and  power  unsurpassed,  and  rarely 
equalled.  The  terrible  Nemesis  that  waits  on  the  extortion  of  the 
ancestor,  and  pursues  the  wages  of  his  iniquity  till  the  injured 
family  receives  its  own  again,  reminds  one  of  the  inexorable  fate 
of  the  Greek  tragedy;  and,  in  describing  the  successive  footfalls 
of  the  angel  of  retribution  in  that  ill-starred  mansion,  the  author 
rises  into  a  fearful  sublimity  worthy  of  the  theme.  In  other  por- 
tions the  narrative  is  sprightly,  quaint  and  droll,  the  dialogues 
seldom  otherwise  than  natural  and  well  managed,  (though  the 
daguerreotypist  talks  more  than  anybody  but  Phoebe  could  care 
to  hear.)  and  the  deyiouanait  free,  for  the  most  part,  from  abrupt- 
ness and  improbability-  To  many  readers  the  book  has  an  addi- 
tional charm  from  its  truth  in  numberless  minutiie  to  life,  speech, 
manners,  and  appearances,  as  they  were  in  and  about  Salem  thirty 
years  ago.  We  should  have  recognised  the  locality  under  any  dis- 
guise whatever  of  names  or  pretexts." — N.  Amer.  Rev..  Jan.  1853, 
Ixxvi.  2'27-!237.  liead  also  the  review  of  The  Blithedale  Romance, 
in  same  article,  pp-  237-248. 

"It  would  be  ditficuU  to  deny  the  gift  of 'poetic  insight'  to  this 
mixture  of  admirable  detail  with  something  at  once  higher  and 
deeper.  Balzac,  the  great  novelist  of  modern  France,  known  only 
to  those  among  us  who  thoroughly  possess  his  language,  (for  he  is 
untranslated  and  untranslatable.)  has  in  certain  romances  of  pro- 
vincial life  the  same  perfection  of  Dutch  painting  and  of  homely 
tragedy.  But  Mr.  Hawthorne  is  free  from  Balzac's  scoff." — Mia 
Mit  ford's  Recolkctions  of  a  Literary  Life:  American  ProseWriters, 
Lon..  1852. 

"The  House  of  Seven  Gables  is  not  less  remarkable  nor  less  un- 
wholesome than  its  predecessor.  The  affectation  of  extreme  home- 
liness and  commonplace  in  the  external  circumstances,  and  the 
mystery  and  secret  of  the  family  with  which  these  circumstances 
are  interwoven,  is  very  effective  in  its  way ;  and  if  it  were  not  that 
its  horrors  and  its  wonders  are  protracted  into  tedions  long- 
windedness,  we  would  be  disposed  to  admire  the  power  with  which 
these  figures  were  posed  and  these  situations  made.  .  .  .  For  it  is 
no  particular  gratification  for  us  to  know  how  Mr.  Hawthorne 
studies  his  subjects, — bow  he  sets  them  in  different  lights,  like  a 

60d 


HAW 

In  this  article  will  be  found  an  extended  notice  of  xMr. 
Hawthorne's  characteristics  as  a  writer  of  fiction,  and  par- 
ticular notices  of  his  principal  works.  The  characteristics 
referred  to  are  thus  happily  delineated  by  four  of  Mr!  Cv! 
1  reTn  \V"^l''y'?>"':  ^^^  of  whom  has  earned  a  right  to 
rary  crUiSmr""^  '°  "'^  ''''""'''°°  °'  "^  1"^'"°°  "'  '"<>- 

eve'rv'autYor  an'/n^?-  f 'f '*•  """  ^^  ""■'-«  °'  ^^  individuality 
every  autlior  and  artist  oft'eiiius  creates  a  peouliar  mood  differini 
somewhat  according  to  the  character  of  the  roc  St  ie  Tssen 
tallythesame  If  wewereohliKed  todcsi.-natrttatof  lawtho™ 
H  Al  ^''^  T",''*'  ""  '"'""''I  '■•^"  '<■  ■uetaphysical,  or  perhaps  soulful 
He  always  takes  us  below  the  surface  and  beyond  the  material  ■' 
S  eX'tr^irn';"'  "r'^r'i'  "■"'■""■"y-'USSestive;  he  make  "ii 
ITif „ft  \°'  "^.""'""uplstiun,  and  turn  our  eyes  inward 

His  utterance,  too  ,s  singularly  dear  and  simple;  his  style  onlv 
rises  above  the  colIo.|Uial  in  the  sustained  order  of  its  flow-  the 
terms  are  apt,  natural,  and  fitly  chosen.  Indeed  .a  Lreless  reader 
s  liable  continually  to  h  ,se  sight  of  his  meaning  and  beautv  from 
the  entire  absence  of  pretension  in  his  sivl,  "-Uivry  T  TnnV?? 
UA^:  Mental  nrlraits :  A,M,n„,,  Itau-lLn,.  Lon    MSS 

m.V  i  ■      '^'*  "  Studded  with  the  most  poetical  ima3  add 

"  AnTh"-"^  Z;™'  ''""•"  »/  vl»i«-,™,^th  ed?S .:iS62 
the  tal''T■.4^Sl^,S°?b°^.t  "Z^^^^t  "^  ^^^V 

s-?2:  ^e-s^-r  S%  -Si??- 

f»lKfS\,f  A -f^~       ^  felicity  of  touch  which  often  surpasses  the 
presents  traits  so  fine  as  to  be  almost  too  eicelTent  for  nonuHHt? 

*  And  no  speed  of  ours  avails 
_,  ^  ,„        ^"^  hunt  upon  their  shinin"  trails  ' " 

of  htsst,ta1?'if*,™*''°''"'"  "'•"«'■  '^  «"=  e^^e™  ngbeantv 
fantastic,  vast  and  wondrous  in  the  outward  form   ,nX  t-.i? 
altu  fo"ch'/os*':,'^^±f*^..™?i°  ■'!'?,"->•  "eeOifi-d.  hewhl 


HAY 


Vt      ^  --InKncan  ifericic,  xlv.  63-64 

Ihoso  who  possess  a  set  of  the  Democratic  Review  will 
find  many  of  Hawthorne's  T.ales  and  Sketches  scaTtered 
through  Its  vols.     See  ii.  129,  .360  ■  iii  18   321  .  v  Ti    ,  - 

XV.  66,  454,  646;  xTi.  337;  xviii.  31,  97,  360  457 

An  interesting  biographical  sketch  of  Hawthorne   bv 

01  the    Old  Manse  in  Concord,  made  so  famous  by  Haw 
thornc  s  inhabitation,  will  be  found  in  The  Homes  of  AmT 
rican  Aut^hors.     Mr.  James  T.  Fields,  of  BoZn.  imhi"ed 
Mr  H.awthorne  to  give  to  the  world  The  .'Scarlet  Letter 

See  aLso,  respecting  Hawthorne's  characteristics  as  an 
author,  Edgar  A.  Poe's  Literati;  Tuckerman's  Sketch  o? 

Englander.l  56;  by  i  p.  pJb'odJ,  ctl  |- r^^'^1"^^ 
and  see  articles  in  Democratic  Review,  Kvi.  376 ;  Brownson's 

45T.'"-Chmch  1! '•■■  "■  '■'''  "■ '"  ■•  Knickerbocker!  x"™ii 
455^  Chinch  Review,  in.  4S'J;  Living  Age.  xxv.  203 
Haw  rey,  Charles.     Serms.,  Oxf.,°l797,  8vo 

Hawtrcy,  lYIoiitagu,     Sponsors,  Lon.,  1841),  sm  8vo 

Coff  KeJVr^"'  f?\-  °^""°  ^""'v-^^siria  in  iteatro' 
toll   Keg.  Med.  Lond.  habita.  Lon..  1722   4to 

Haxby    John,  M.D.     Con.  to  Annai;  of  ked.,  1799. 

Ed"n!\69^'S"'"-      ''^^""'""-    ^■'^"-ceuticum: 

Hav'  vtVir"^'"'^    ^'■'*-  "^  Chichester,  1805,  8vo. 
Br"r:,:c^!'r,';;^;,.^,'';8-:P-f^^— Hypocaustnear 

.J^^\:  David  Ramsay,  b.  1798.  in  Edinbur-h  Deco 
rative  Pinter  to  the  Queen.  Edinburgh,  an  eminent  au-" 


thonty  upon    he  departments  of  art  which  have  employed 
his  pen  pencil  and  brush.    For  an  interesting  sketch  of  Mr 
Hay  s  life  see  Knight's Eng.Cyc,  Div.  Biog.,  vol.  iii    1  Har 
mony  of  Form,  Edin.,  1842,  r.  4to.     2.  Proportion  ■  or  the 
Se^metric  Principle  of  Beauty  Analysed,  1843,  r  4to      3 
0  namen  al  Design  as  applied  to  Decorative  At,  1845,  oh 
fol     4.  Laws  of  Harmonious  Colouring,  6th  ed.,  1847  fmo 
,    .".m'-m^ V'^  »f  Colours.  Hues,  Tints,  and  Shades  3d 
ed.,  1840.  -46,  '55,  8vo.     6.  The  Principles  of  BeautyTn  Co 
louring  systematized,  1846,  '0^3,  p.  8vo:     7.  First  Pdncinles 
of  Symmetrical  Beauty,  1846,  p.  8vo.     8.  Sc  ence  of  Pr! 
por  ions  of  the  Human  Head  and  Countenance  isfg  4to" 
L     To%'"J:TI''-'''-'Y  ^"■"•■"'  J^'S""  Defined,    85i; 

of  the  Partlienin,  1853,  r  8vo    i  J  The  h"^"^'"'"  ?"""^ 
Nature  Applied  to  Ar;hite:tnral'DStn'^T5r"l^3'' Th 

^i^e^:rpri^4^!r'sL-it^ 

miuen  o,  t84 J,  and  Prof.  John  tJoodsir,  AprU  17   1849 

Co^n^J'.fW "■?■"*!•■    V,"'^'-  °'  ''"'  Wreelion 'o/ihe 
(.ounty  of  Wexford  m  1798,  Dubl.,  1803,  8vo.     Of  consi 
derable  value.     2.  Speech  of  John  Keagh,  1807,  8vo      3 

^:i^Z^i!^^f  '-'■'  ^'''"'  ^«i^' -  "^^  ^'  cl^^oi^ 
crS^:;ef^'^aS:  e];^  S^r  °  °^  '""  ^'"'"'^  «^ 

tbl'S"  ','"'  '""';  °^  ""  "t'e-page  is  an  Epistle  by  the  Printer  tn 
la,  ol  H  °:'lT'°'''"T^  f"  ^''  '^"°'  of  G--^"  charLters  which  he 

tTr^k  t™esw!„':??^''^'?-'r,?S"P''  ^o  '■"^"''^^  it  before  the 
l,r^k  tjpes  ,   .,     ,n„ nduced  at  Edinburgh."- JFaii's  Bibl.  Brit 
Hay,  Jmlse  (.rorge,  of  Virginia,  d.  1830,  wrote  a 

I.aws,  the  Life  of  John  Thompson,  and  a  number  of  poli- 
tical essays,  signed  Hortensius.  '^ 

str"^f''i'o*^''i'"^Fo*''  ^-^^     ^-  The  Devout  Christian  In- 
^  v"       -mo"'"  3-Tb-   P-^''*  ?;"'"•=  ^^"^"-  In^'^eted. 
"  Hav  7oh„       r,"  ^'""^  Christian  Instructed,  12mo. 
May,  John.     Iheolog,  treatises,  1580-1605 

Hnv'     l"   H      ?'"=Tl' t»  ^^'-  Iv  Edin.,  1617,  4to. 
Conege';'Lon.,"839!':up!-r  s™"'  ^""""^   ^°  ^'^S^ 
Mfr'^'w"'",''"   H.  Drummond.      Morocco  and   tie 

ven."«I"M°.°BlS°ow's  reliTforTh''''r°  ^""l"  °'  '""'^  ™''  «"- 

PofmWn'ls^.^mo''''^'^""'^""'"^"'^'-''-'"'"'- 
Hay,  Sir  ieith,  Mjyor,  R.A.    Narrative  of  the 
erTsj^S™"'  """•  ""'  ^°°-'  '''''  '  vols.  12mo!    1th 

Hnv'  P'^V^'--  Theolog.  and  Polit.  Treatisf^/  616-27. 
.,      V'^l"^'"'^-     '•  ^"H'"^  °f 'lie  Royal  Fan  ilyof  the 

Hay,  Richard  Augustin,  Prior  of  St.  Pieremont 
1  V  r  tr^^""'"  "/""^  ""•V''-'  of  Tweeddale,  Ac.  ITted 
pfintf"""'"''  '""'•'  '*"''  ^"-  ■''"  -J  i'-     120  col^es 

AnuV:.  ,"•""''»"?•  1-  Astrum  Inextinctum,  1636.  2 
Aula  licclesiastica,  &c.,  Francf.,  1648   4to 

Hav'  Wm"'?-'n?.-^,-»-f  i;?^?;-  ^°°-  1793-99- all  4to. 

1     n    m',.  '  I'OOP-naS,  M.P.  for  Seaford,  173.1-55 

„C-i   Government   1728.     2.  Mount  Caburn     a  ptm 

'o"  Svt  ^rV  "''  '"r?';"-  *•  ^^'^'S'"  I-hilosophi,  17M 
00,  bvo.     5.  Essay  on  Deformity,  1754,  8vo 

on.;'oTeTha'itSrf:5°i''p^,^:i'3'™"  °'  Commons,  I  am  the 

in';En:;;fsh;s?54^z"i^.?.irTi"=''^^°''"» 

Martial  IT'S  =,  8  w  i'  ,  l'  1™°^-  "'^  Epigrams  of 
Life  1794  ?  ;  u  2  *?;  P"''-  ''y  ■''^  daughter,  with  his 
•able' merit:  ^''^  ""'  "°  ''""'°'-  "''  ™"^'ider- 

or"ffl  M"c,mr-  ■^-  ^"  ."^  ?o"''°"-  Carrie  Emerson; 
or   Liie  at  Cliltonville,  Bost.,  1855,  12mo.     Mrs.  H    has 

i^MrcZm^Sd^-'  ^"^"""^   ^'"'^'^  ^'^^^  ^-   "- 

Hayden,  Horace,  M.D.,  an  American  author.    Geo- 

iio-ivn-tt  '  ''"•     ^''  Bl^l'wood's  Mag.,  xvi. 


IIAT 

Hayden,  John,  Archdeacon  of  Surrey.  Memoir  of 
KeT.  Alex.  Ross,  and  a  Selection  of  his  Serms.,  Lon.,  1853, 
8vo. 

Haydn,  Joseph,  d.  1856,  at  London.  1.  Dictionary 
of  Dates  and  Universal  Reference,  relating  to  all  Ages  and 
Nations;  6th  ed.,  Don.,  1853,  8vo. 

"Of  extraordinary  value  for  well-arranged  information  upon  al- 
most every  subject  of  inquiry.  It  is,  indeed,  a  publication  which 
cannot  be' too  highly  praised." — Lon.  Literary  Gazette. 

2.  Handbook  of  Dignities,  Ijoing  anew  ed.,  improved  and 
continued,  of  Boatson's  Political  Index,  1851,  8vo.  See 
Beatson,  Robt. 

Haydocke,  Richard,  of  New  College,  O.^ford,  and 
Student  in  Physic.  Trans,  from  the  Italian  of  5  books  of 
Lomazzo's  Artes  of  Curious  Paintinge,  Caruingeand  Build- 
iuge,  Oxon.,  1598,  fol.  Respecting  this  book  and  the  trans- 
lator, see  Gr.inger's  Biog.  Hist,  of  England.  This  work 
is  one  of  the  first  in  the  English  language  on  Art. 

Haydon,  Benjamin  Robert,  1786-1846,  an  emi- 
nent artist,  a  native  of  Plymouth,  England,  committed 
suicide  in  London,  June  22.  1.  Lects.  on  Fresco,  Lon., 
1842,  Svo.  2.  Lects.  on  Painting  and  Design,  2  vols.  8vo. : 
L  1844;  IL  1S46 : 

Contents  : — 1.  Origin  of  the  Art;  2.  Anatomy  the  Basis 
of  Drawing;  3.  The  Skeleton;  4.  The  Muscles  of  Man  and 
Quadruped;  5.  Standard  Figure;  6.  Composition  ;  7.  Co- 
lour;  8.  Ancients  and  Moderns;  9.  Invention;  10.  Fuseli; 
11.  Wilkie;  12.  Effect  of  the  Societies  on  Taste;  13.  A 
Competent  Tribunal;  14.  On  Fresco;  15.  Elgin  Marbles; 
16.  Beauty. 

"There  are  few  sections  of  Mr.  Ilaydou's  work  from  which  we 
might  not  extract  some  sound  and  effective  passage.  From  some 
we  might  select  subjects  of  friendly  controversy ;  but,  having  fiillen 
on  nothing  which  appears  to  us  deadly  heresy  or  dangerous  error, 
we  prefer  to  commend  his  volume  to  all  who  take  an  interest  in 
its  subject,  with  the  asburauce  that  it  will  rejiay  their  study  of  it." 
— Lon.  Quar.  Rev.,  Ixxv.  Ul-92 ;  notice  of  vol.  i. 

In  1838  there  was  reprinted  from  the  seventh  ed.  of  the 
Encyc.  Brit,,  in  a  p.  Svo.  vol.,  Painting  and  the  Fine  Arts, 
by  B.  R.  Haydon  and  Willi.am  Hazlitt.  These  essays  are 
thus  commended  by  the  eminent  authority  just  cited: 

♦'  We  have  mentioned  the  gratification  we  have  experienced  from 
the  perusal  of  Mr.  Hazlitt's  Kssay  :  we  must  add  similar  testimony 
in  favour  of  his  fellow-lat'ourer,  Mr.  H.aydon.  liis  Treatise  seems 
to  us  the  result  of  study  and  observation  extensive  and  profound." 
— Lon.  Quar.  Bev. 

For  particulars  of  Haydon's  life  and  notices  of  his 
paintings,  see  his  Autobiography,  edited  by  Tom  Taylor, 
1853,  3  vols.  p.  Svo. ;  a  biogiaphical  sketch  by  Ralph  N. 
Wornum,  in  Rich's  Cyc.  of  Biography,  1S54;  obituary 
notice  in  Gent.  Mag.,  Aug.  1846;  another  in  the  London 
Spectator,  (copied  into  the  Boston  Living  Age,  x.  277-280;) 
Southey's  Life  and  Correspondence;  Madden's  Memoirs 
of  the  Countess  of  Blessington;  articles  in  Fraser's  Mag., 
ix.  792;  xxxvi.  63;  Blackwood's  Mag.,  viii.  219,  526;  x. 
680;  xi.  332;  xiv.  11 ;  xv.  566;  xvi.  5U5;  xl.  553,  664,  671; 
xli.  192,  344;  xlvi.  305;  xlix.  583. 

"Genius  immortal,  industry  untired. 

The  power  and  the  cajjacity  of  thought 
Sul'lime,  to  mighty  aspirations  wrought. 
Are  thine,  by  thirst  of  great  achievement  tired. 
I  need  not  tell  thee,  Haydon;  thou  hast  felt, 
The  fears,  the  ecstasies  of  daring  art. 
The  heavings  and  the  sinkings  of  the  heart, 
At  obstacles  that  oft  like  vapours  melt. 

And  oft  like  rocks  oppose  us.     It  is  thine, 
After  a  warfare  silent,  but  most  deep. 
To  triumph  and  o'ercome ;  thy  name  shall  shine 
In  fame's  uud>ing  record, — like  a  river 
That,  having  toil'd  o'er  rocks,  is  left  to  sleep 
*Mid  everlasting  bills,  and  gleam  forever." 

D.  M.  More;  BlackiuooiVs  Mag.,  viii.  526. 
Haydon,  John*     1.  Two  Serms.,  Lon.,  1770,  Svo.    2. 
Serm.,  1772,  Svo. 

Haye,  Drummoud  George.     Verses   Social  and 
Domestic,  Edin.,  1802,  12mo. 

Hayes.  Banker's  Exchange,  1671,  '76,  fol. 
Hayes,  Charles,  1678-1760,  pub.  the  following 
learned  works,  all  of  wiiich,  save  the  first,  aj'pearcd  with- 
out his  name: — 1.  Of  Fluxions  and  Conic  Sections,  Lon., 
1704,  fol.  2.  Longitude,  1710,  4to.  3.  The  Moon ;  a  Phi- 
losophic Dialogue,  tending  to  show  that  the  Moon  is  not  an 
opaque  body,  but  has  light  of  her  own,  1723.  4.  Vindic. 
of  the  Septuagint  from  the  Misrepresentations  of  Scaliger, 
Du  Pin,  Hody,  Prideaux,  aud  others,  1736,  Svo.  5.  Crit. 
Exam,  of  Sts.  Matthew  aud  Luke,  1738,  Svo.  6.  Chronol. 
of  the  Septuagint,  1741,  Svo;  Supp.,  1757. 

*'  These  learned  and  ingenious  performances  were  all  published 
anonymously,  and  some  of  them  bare  been,  by  mistake,  ascribed 
to  Sir  Hichard  KUis.  They  discover  a  very  profound  acquaintance 
with  chronology,  and  a  great  veneration  for  the  Scriptures." — 
Orm^s  Bill.  Bib. 
7.  Chronographise  Asiaticae  et  Egyptiaca;  Specimen,  1759, 


HAY 


Nichols's  Lit.    Anec. ; 


Svo.     See  Gent.  Mag.,  vol.  xxxi ; 
Hutton's  Diet. 

Hayes,  D.  1.  An  Epistle  to  Churchill,  Lon.,  1761, 
4to.     2.  The  Authors;  a  Poem,  1766,  4to, 

Hayes,  E.  1.  Irish  Excheq.  Reports,  Dubl.,  1837, 
Svo.  2.  Crim.  St:it.  Law  of  Ireland,  2d  ed.,  1842,  2  vols. 
Svo.  3.  In  conjunction  with  T.  Jones,  Irish  Excheq.  Re- 
ports, 1840,  Svo. 

Hayes,  E.  The  Ballads  of  Ireland,  Lon,,  1855,  2 
vols.  12mo. 

Hayes,  John.     Arithmetic,  3d  ed.,  1S13,  12mo. 

Hayes,  Richard.  1.  Young  Merchant's  Assist.,  Lon., 
1718,  Svo.  2.  Negotiator's  Magazine,  1719,  '24,  Svo.  3. 
Annuities  upon  Lives,  1727,  '28,  '41),  4to. 

Hayes,  Samuel,  pub.  several  poems,  1775-89,  two 
separate  serms.,  1789,  '92,  and  XVI.  Serms.,  1797,  Svo. 

"  Rational  and  sensible ;  enforcing,  with  a  proper  spirit  and  in  a 
pleasing  manner,  important  and  useful  truths." — Lnn.  ilunihly 

Hayes,  Samuel.  Management  of  Woods  and  Cop- 
pices, Dubl.,  1795,  Svo. 

Hayes,  Thomas.  1.  Coughs  and  Colds;  Sded.,  Lon., 
17S6,  Svo.  2.  Con.  to  Med.  Obs.  and  Inq.,  1767;  3.  to 
Mem.  Jled.,  1789. 

Hayes,  Wm.,  170S-1777,  a  composer  of  music.  1. 
Collec.  of  English  Ballads,  Shrewsbury.  2.  Musical  Ex- 
pression. 3.  Music  Meetings  rel.  to  Church  Langton,  Lon., 
1768,  Svo. 

Hayes,  Wm.  1.  Limitations  to  Heirs  of  the  Body  in 
Devises,  Lon.,  1824,  Svo.  2.  Lett,  to  R.  Peel,  1825,  Svo. 
3.  Real  Estate  to  Ancestor,  kc,  1829,  Svo.  4.  Concise 
Conveyancer,  1830, 12mo.  5.  Law  of  Real  Property,  1S31, 
Svo.  6.  Introdue.  to  Conveyancing,  5th  ed.,  1840,  2  vols. 
Svo.  See  1  Jurist,  186  ;  ii.  129  ;  iv.  836  ;  7  Leg.  Obs.  404. 
7.  Conveyance  of  Estates,  1S40,  Svo.  8.  In  conjunction 
with  T.  Jarman,  Forms  of  Wills,  4th  ed.,  1849,  12mo. 

Hayes,  William.     1.  Nat.  Hist,  of  British  Birds, 
Lou.,  1775,  imp.  fol.     2.  Portraits,  Ac.  of  Birds,  1794, 4to. 
Haygarth,  Henry  William.     Bush  Life  in  Aus- 
tralia, Lon.,  1S48,  12mo. 

"It  has  neither  the  shape  of  a  treatise  nor  that  of  a  journal ; 
but  is  something  between  them, — combining  the  compact  informa- 
tion of  the  first  with  the  readable  interest  of  the  second." — TjOn. 
Atlieticrtim. 

Haygarth,  John,  M.D.,  d.  1813,  practised  at  Chester, 
subsec{uently  at  B;ith.  He  wrote  two  works  on  the  Small 
Pox,  Lon.,  1785,  Svo,  and  1793,  2  vols.  Svo;  one  on  Infec- 
tious Diseases,  Bath,  ISOl,  Svo;  and  other  profess,  treatises, 
1805-13. 

Haygarth,  William,  son  of  the  preceding.  Greece ; 
a  Poem,  Lon.,  1S14,  Svo. 

Hayley,    Thomas,    D.D.,  Canon-Resident,  of  Chi- 
chester, and  Chaplain-in-ordinary.     Serms.,  Lon.,  1711-21. 
Hayley,  William,  D.D.,  Dean  of  Chichester,  Rector 
of    St.    Giles-in-the-Fields,    and    Chaplain-in-ordinary. 
Serms.,  1687-1702. 

Hayley,  William,  1745-1820,  grandson  of  the  pre- 
ceding, and  a  native  of  Chichester,  was  educated  at  Eton, 
and  at  Trin.  Coll.,  Cambridge,  and,  on  leaving  the  univer- 
sity, retired  to  his  patrimonial  estate  of  Eartham,  at  Sussex, 
and  devoted  his  hours  to  literary  pursuits.  In  1792  he 
became  acquainted  with  the  poet  Cowper,  and  as  the  bio- 
grapher of  his  friend  has  already  claimed  our  notice  in 
the  life  of  the  latter.  As  the  friend  of  Gibbon,  also,  his 
name  occurs  on  p.  662  of  this  Dictionary.  About  tho  year 
1800,  Mr.  Haylcy's  spirits  were  greatly  depressed  by  the 
loss  of  his  natural  son,  Thomas  Alphonso  Hayley,  a  sculptor 
of  much  promise;  and  he  removed  to  Felpham,  where  he 
resided  until  his  death  in  1820.  Hcpub.  (1778-1811)  many 
occasional  works,  both  in  prose  and  poetry.  Epistles,  Essays, 
Elegies,  Dialogues,  plays,  biographies,  translations  from 
Blilton's  Latin  and  Italian  Poems,  <fec. — almost  all  of  which 
are  now  forgotten.  A  collective  ed.  of  his  Poems  and  Plays 
was  pub.  in  1785,  6  vols.  sm.  Svo;  1788,  6  vols.  cr.  Svo. 
The  following  are  his  principal  productions.  1.  Poetical 
Epistle  to  an  eminent  Painter,  (George  Romney,)  177S,  4to. 
2.  Essay  on  History,  in  3  Epistles  to  Edward  Gibbon,  1780, 
4to.  3.  The  Triumphs  of  Temper;  a  Poem,  in  six  cantos, 
1781,  4to.  4.  Essay  on  Epic  Poetry ;  in  5  Epistles,  1782, 
4to.  5.  Essay  on  Old  Maids,  1785,  3  vols.  12mo.  6.  Dia- 
logues. Anon.  7.  Life  and  Poetical  Works  of  John  Milton, 
1794-99,  3  vols.  fol.  8.  Life  of  Milton,  1796,  4to.  Origin- 
ally prefixed  to  Boydell's  ed.  of  Milton,  1794-97,  3  vols, 
fol.  9.  Ess.ay  on  Sculpture;  Epistles  to  Flaxman,  1800, 
Svo.  10.  Life,  Works,  and  Letters  of  Cowper,  18U3-04,  3 
vols.  4to.  Reviewed  by  Lord  Jeffrey  in  Edin.  Rev.,  ii- 
64-86 ;  iv.  273-284.  2d  ed.,  4  vols.  Svo.  Supp.  Pages, 
1S06,  4to.    New  ed.  1S12,  4  vols.  Svo.    See  Cowper,  Wil- 

807 


HAY 

UAH,  in  this  Dictionary ;  Dibdin's  Lib.  Comp.,  ej.  1S25,  pp. 
5it5-547  ;  and  Allan  Cunningham's  Biog.  and  Grit.  Hist,  of 
the  Lit.  of  the  Last  Fifty  Years.  11.  The  Triumph  of  Music ; 
a  Poem.  1804, -Ito.  Reviewed  in  Kdin.  Rev.,  vi.  56-63.  12. 
Ballads  founded  upon  Original  and  Curious  Anecdotes  re- 
lating to  the  Instinct  and  Sagacity  of  Animals,  1805,  8vo. 
".Mtdiocrity,  as  all  the  world  knows,  is  forbidden  to  poets  and 
to  punsters;  but  the  punster  has  a  privilege  peculiar  to  himself, — 
the  exceeding  badut'ss  of  his  puns  is  imputed  as  a  merit.  This 
privik-ge  may  laiily  be  extendt-d  to  Mr.  Ilavlev  :  his  present  volume 
is  so  iucompaiably  absurd  as  that  no  merit  within  bis  reach  could 
have  amused  us  half  so  much."— Ito bERT  Southet  :  Aikiyi's  Annual 
Eetrieio,  iv.  675-676. 

13.  Latin  and  Italian  Poems  of  Milton,  trans,  into  En^- 
lish  verse;  with  a  Fragment  of  a  Comment,  on  Paradise 
Lost,  by  Cowper,  1808,  4to;  1810,  4  vols.  Svo.  14.  Life  of 
George  Rumney,  Esq.,  1809,  4to. 

"  Much  of  what  he  relates  of  Itomney  has  been  contradicted  or 
questioned  by  his  son;  he  takes  higher  ground,  too,  than  the 
painter's  genius  can  warrant." — Allan  Ccnnincham :  Bion.  and 
Grit.  Hht.  of  the  Lit.  of  the  Last  Fifty  Ymrs. 

15.  Three  Plays,  1811,  8vo.  16.  Memoirs  of  the  Life 
and  "Writings  of  William  Uayley,  written  by  himself,  kc. 
Edited  by  John  Johnson,  LL.D.,  1823,  2  vols.  4to. 

"  Mr.  Ilayley  received  a  very  considerable  annuity,  during  the 
last  twelve  years  of  his  life,  as  the  price  of  his  own  Memoirs,  which 
he  was  to  leave  in  a  fit  state  for  publication.  .  .  .  Hayley  is.  per- 
haps, the  only  person  who  ever  dealt  with  his  posthumous  repu- 
tation as  a  post-obit,  and  converted  it  into  a  present  income."' — 
ItoBERT  Southet:  Lun.  Quar.  Rev.,  sxxi.  SOa-Sll.  Kead  this  re- 
view, which  displeased  Gilford  greatly  ;  for  Southey  tells  us : 

*'My  paper  upon  Ilayley  was  so  offensive  to  Mr.  (jifTord,  that 
afteritwas  printed  he  withheld  it  for  two  successive  numbers,  and 
if  he  had  not  then  ceased  to  be  editor  and  had  persisted  in  with- 
holding it.  I  might  have  probably  withdrawn  from  the  Review. 
There  neither  was  nor  could  be  any  reason  for  this,  but  that  ho 
could  nut  ban-  to  see  Ilayley  spoken  of  with  decent  respect." 

Vide  Southey's  Letter,  in  Sir  S.  E.  Brydges's  Autobio- 
graphy ;  see  also  Southey's  Life  and  Correspondence  for 
other  notices  of  Hayley. 

Respecting  Hayley's  Memoirs,  see  also  Lon.  Month. 
Rev.,  ciii.  267;  cv.  1;  Blackwood's  Mag.,  xiv.  184,  303; 
and  see  remarks  on  Southey's  review  of  the  Memoirs, 
Blackwood's  Mag.,  svii.  477. 

It  may  be  difficult  fur  some  of  us  to  believe  that  Hayley 
was,  "  in  his  time,"  to  quote  Southey's  words,  "  by  popular 
election,  king  of  the  English  poets/"'  but,  as  Mr.  Moir  truly 
observes, 

"  The  popularity  of  Hayley  in  an  age  so  artificial  and  so  prag- 
matical as  that  wherein  he  flourished— an  age  of  minuets,  and 
hoops,  and  pomatum,  and  powdered  queues,  and  purple  velvet 
doublets,  and  tiesh-coloured  silk  stockings— is  not  much  tu  be 
wondered  at,  when  we  consider  the  subjects  on  which  be  wrote, 
and  the  real  graces  of  his  style.  Such  poetry  was  relished,  because 
it  was  called  forth  by  the  exigencies  and  adapted  to  the  taste  of  the 
particular  time  at  which  it  was  written.  It  was  a  reflection  of  exist- 
mg  modes  and  habits  of  thought;  and  it  must  be  allowed  that  his 
mastery  over  versification  was  of  no  common  order.  True  it  is 
that  his  mawkish  or  overstrained  sentiment  might  at  times  ex- 
pose him  to  ridicule;  but  the  piaise  he  received  from  Cowper  is  a 
strong  proof  of  the  influence  which  his  writings  at  that  time  exer- 
cised over  society.  That  power  and  that  popularity  have  now 
utterly  passed  away,  for  he  was  deficient  in  truth  and" nature;  his 
house  was  built  on  the  sand;  and,  except  the  case  of  Churchill, 
it  would  be  difficult  to  point  out  another  whose  reputation  had 
assumed  so  much  the  aspect  of  a  fixed  star,  and  yet  only  proved 
'  the  comet  of  a  season.* " — Sketches  of  the  Vm-t.  Lit.  of  the  Fast 
HaJfCaitury. 

Doubtless  much  of  his  reputation  was  owing  to  his  ge- 
neral popularity  in  polite  society, — a  popularity  not  unde- 
served; for,  as  Southey  emphatically  declares, 

"  Kvery  thing  about  that  man  is  good  except  his  poetry." — 
Letter  to  Sitmucl  Taylor  Coleri(i(/e,  Augta^t -i,  lSiJ2:  Southey's  Life 
and  Corresp. 

"  He  lived  in  days,"  says  Allan  Cunningham,  "  when  polish  held 
the  place  of  vigour,  and  harmony  that  of  feeling,  and  poetry  was 
judged  of  as  a  song  is  now, — by  the  sweetness  of  its  music.  In  all 
the  externals  of  verse  he  was  a  master ;  as  he  moved  in  good  so- 
ciety, his  opinions  spread  and  prevailed;  and.  though  he  penned 
cold  quartos  both  in  prose  and  verse,  no  one  imagined  that  the 
weariness  they  felt  in  perusal  could  come  fmm  the  accomplished 
author  of  The  Triumphs  of  Temper."— 5/o^.  and  Crit.  Hist,  of 
Vie  Lit.  of  the  Last  Fifty  Ymrs. 

But  we  should  not  forget,  whilst  making  large  deduc- 
tions from  the  extravagant  adulation  of  our  fathers,  to 
concede  to  this  amiable,  if  not  brilliant,  writer,  all  the 
merit  which  he  can  justly  claim.  Perhaps  this  happy  me- 
dium has  been  accurately  stated  by  a  critic  of  large  com- 
prehension and  great  refinement  of  taste  : 

"  Hayley's  Epistles  on  Painting,  History,  and  Epic  Poetry,  writ- 
ten in  smooth,  correct,  and  flowing  versification,  but  not  unfre- 
quently  deficient  in  energy  and  compression,  inculcate  much 
elegant  and  judicious  criticism,  and  difluse  much  light  over  their 
respective  subjects'' — Dr.  Drake. 

Haymau,  Robert.  Quodlibets,  lately  come  over  from 
New  Britaniola,  Newfoundlanil.  Epigrams,  and  other  small 
Parcels,  both  morall  and  divine,  Lun.,  1028,  4to.  Bibl, 
Anglo-Poet.,338,  £12  12(f.,  q.  v.    The  author  favours  us  with 

&0B 


HAY 

the  fullowing  verses  upon  the  anagram  of  Lis  own  name, 
— "  llarme  I  bare  not," — over  a  wood-cut  of  an  animal  of 
the  lizard  kind,  or  "  West-Indian  Guane." 

"  If  pome  should  nieefe  this  lieast  upr.n  the  way. 
Would  not  their  hearfs-blood  thrill  for  great'affray  J 
Yet  the  West-Indiau,  that  best  knows  his  nature, 
Says,  there  is  not  any  more  harmlesse  Creature. 
So,  though  my  lines  haue  much  deformity. 
Their  end  mine  Anagram  shall  verifie." 

Ilaynam.     Ophthalmia;  Mem.  Med.,  1799. 

Hayne,  Paul  H.,  b.  at  Charleston,  S.C,  1831,  is  a 
son  of  Lieut.  Hayne,  of  the  U.S.  Navy,  and  a  nephew  of 
Col.  Robert  Y.  Hayne,  the  eloquent  senatorial  antagonist 
of  Daniel  Webster.  Mr.  Hayne  has  contributed  a  number 
of  articles  to  the  Southern  Literary  Messenger  and  to 
other  periodicals,  has  been  editor  of  the  Charleston  Literary 
Gazette,  and  i,s  now  connected  with  the  editorial  depart- 
ment of  the  Charleston  Evening  News.  In  1855  ho  pub. 
a  vol.  of  Poem.s,  Boston,  Ifimo,  which  possess  extraordi- 
nary merit.  The  Temptation  of  Venus  is  the  principal 
poem  in  this  collection.  See  Graham's  (Phila.)  Magazine, 
Feb.  1855.  We  are  authorized  to  expect  much  from  Mr. 
Hayne  in  the  future. 

Hayne,  Robert  Y.,  1 791-1839,  a  native  of  the  parish 
of  St.  Paul,  South  Carolina,  was  a  grandnephew  of  Col. 
Isaac  Hayne,  a  Revolutionary  patriot,  who  was  executed 
by  the  British  in  1781.  Robert  Y.  Hayne  filled  in  succes- 
sion the  offices  of  member  of  the  State  legislature.  Speaker 
of  the  House,  Attorney-General  of  the  State,  United 
States  Senator,  and  Governor  of  the  State.  His  speech 
in  the  U.S.  Senate,  Jan.  25,  1830,  which  elicited  Daniel 
Webster's  celebrated  rejoinder,  has  rarely  been  equalled, 
in  all  that  constitutes  true  eloquence,  in  the  American  Con- 
gress. See  the  Life,  Character,  and  Speeches  of  the  late 
Robert  Y.  Hayne,  1845;  Works  of  Daniel  Webster,  8th  ed., 
185-1, 6  vols.  8vo ;  Southern  Review,  (papers  by  R.  Y'.  Hayne 
on  improvement  of  the  navy,  and  in  vindication  of  the 
memory  of  his  relative.  Col.  Hayne ;)  Review  of  his  Life 
and  Speeches,  South.  Quar.  Review,  viii.  496 ;  his  Letter 
on  the  Tariff,  1S2S,  in  Niles's  Reg.,  xxxv.  184,  199;  his 
Nullification  Ordinance,  in  Niles's  Reg.,  xliii.  219;  his  Nul- 
lification Proclamation,  in  Niles's  Reg.,  xliii.  308;  Speeches 
of  his,  i.n  Niles's  Reg.,  xxxvii.  415;  xx.xviii.  105,  376;  xli. 
396.  Eloquent  tributes  to  the  memory  of  Hayne,  by  Ge- 
neral Hamilton  of  S.  Carolina,  and  the  Hon.  Daniel  Web- 
ster, delivered  at  the  Dinner  of  the  New  England  Society, 
Charleston,  May  S,  1847,  will  be  found  in  Webster's  Works, 
ii.  387-388. 

Hayne,  Samuel.  Statutes  rel.  to  Aliens,  Lon.,  1685, 
4to. 

Hayne,  Thomas,  1581-1645,  a  learned  schoolmaster 
and  divine,  a  native  of  Leicestershire,  educated  at  Leices- 
ter Coll.,  Oxford,  an  usher  in  1604  of  Merchant-Tailors' 
School,  and  subsequently  of  Christ's  Hospital.  1.  Gram- 
matioos  Latina}  Compendium,  1637,  '49,  Svo;  with  -Appen- 
dices. 2.  Linguarum  Cognatio,  1639,  Svo.  3.  Pax  in 
Terra,  1639,  Svo.  4.  The  Equal  Ways  of  God,  1639,  Svo. 
5.  General  View  of  the  Holy  Scriptures,  1640,  fol.  6.  Lifo 
and  Death  of  Dr.  Martin  Luther,  1641,  4to.  7.  Four  Let- 
ters to  Joseph  Mode.     See  the  4th  book  of  Mede's  Works. 

"  He  was  a  noted  critic,  an  excellent  linguist,  and  a  solid  divine, 
beloved  of  learned  men,  and  particularly  respected  by  Selden." — 
Allien.  Oxon. ;  see  also  Nichols's  Leicestershire,  vol.  iii.  Part  1. 

Haynes,  J>Iiss  C.  D.  The  Foundling  of  Devonshire ; 
or,  Who  is  She?  1818,  5  vols. 

Haynes,  Christopher.  Papers  relating  to  the 
Trade  and  Commerce  of  G.  Brit,  and  Ireland ;  pub.  in 
Charles  King's  Collection,  Lon.,  1743,  3  vols.  Svo. 

Haynes,  D.  F.  Pierre  and  Adeline;  or,  The  Ro- 
mance of  the  Castle,  Lon.,  1814,  2  vols.  12mo. 

Haynes,  Hopton,  1672-1749,  Assay-master  of  the 
Mint,  a  friend  of  Sir  Isa.ac  Newton,  and  a  zealous  Soci- 
nian.  1.  Right  of  his  Majesty's  Chapel  Royal,  1728,  fol. 
2.  The  Scripture  Account  of  the  Attributes  and  Worship 
of  God,  and  of  the  Character  and  Oflices  of  Jesus  Christ. 
Posth. ;  pub.  by  his  son,  1749,  Svo.  Repub.  by  Rev.  Theop. 
Lindsey,  1790,  Svo. 

*'  The  most  zealous  Unitarian  T  ever  knew." — R.  Baron. 

"  Mr.  Ilayues  has  left  behind  him  a  standing  memorial  of  the 
fearless  integrity  and  great  success  with  which  he  studied  the 
Bible,  in  his  Scripture  Account  of  the  Attributes." — Wallaces  Aiiti- 
trinitarian  Biograp/ty, 

Haynes  also  pub.  some  tracts  against  Jacobitism,1714,»tc. 

Haynes,  J.  Botanical  Garden  at  Chelsea,  Lou.,  1751, 
fol. 

Haynes,  James.  1.  Conscience;  or.  The  Bridal 
Niglit;  a  Tragedy,  in  Five  Acts.  This  Tragedy  was  lirst 
performed  about  1S21.  2.  Durazzo;  a  Tragedy,  in  Five 
Acts,  1823. 


IIAY 

"This  is  a  fino  Tragedy;  a  finer  we  conlil  hardly  name.    Tt 
abounds  with  '  tbouLihts  that  l.reathe  and  words  that  burn  ;'  it  is 
worthy  the  authur  of  '  Conscience."" — Lnn.  Gad.  Mag.,  Sept.  1823. 
3.  Mary  Stuart;  a  Tragedy,  1840,  8vo. 
llaynes,  John.     Manufaelories,  Ac,  Lon.,  1706,'15. 
llayiies,  Johu.     Con.  to  Mem.  Meil.,  1799. 
Hayues,  Joseph.     Tho  Fatal  Mistake;  a  Tragedy, 
Lon.,  lli'JG,  Ito.     See  his  Life,  by  Thos.  Brown,  1701,  Svo. 
Haynes,  MilHiii  A.     The  South-Westcru  Law  Jour- 
nal and  Reporter,  Nashville,  1814,  Svo. 

Haynes,  Kicharil.  Prevention  of  Poverty,  Lon., 
1G74,  Svo. 

Haynes,  Samuel,  D.P..  <1.  1752,  son  of  Hopton 
Hayue.s  and  Rector  of  Clothal.  CoUee.  of  State  Papers, 
Lon.,  174U,  fol.     See  Cecil,  Wilh,\>i,  Lord  Burleigh. 

Haynes,  Thomas,  of  Oundle.  1.  Nursery  (iarden- 
ing,  Lon.,  1811,  r.  Svo.  2.  Horticulture,  ISll,  r.  Svo.  3. 
The  Strawberry,  Ac,  1812,  Svo.  4.  Essay  on  Soils  and 
Composts,  1817,  12qio. 

Hays.     Food,  Animal  and  Vegetable,  Lon.,  1615,  Svo. 
Hays,  Edward.     Hist,  of  the  Irish  Rebellion,  N. 
York,  12mo. 

Hays,  Isaac,  M.D.,  b.  in  Philadelphia  in  1790,  grad. 
in  the  Department  of  Arts  of  the  Univ.  of  Penna.  in  1816; 
in  the  Medical  Deijtirtment,  1820.  Editor  of  Wilson's 
American  Oruith.dugy,  Hall's  ed.,  Phila.,  1828,  Svo;  Hob- 
lyn's  Diet,  of  Medical  Terras,  Ac,  1846,  12mo;  new  ed., 
from  the  last  Loudon  ed.,  (7tb,  1S55,)  1855,  r.  12mo;  Law- 
rence's Treatise  on  Diseases  of  the  Eye,  1S47,  Svo ;  Arnott's 
Elements  of  Physics,  1S48,  Svo;  Tho  American  Journal 
of  Medical  Sciences,  from  its  commencement  in  1S27  to  the 
present  time,  1856;  Phila.  Journal  of  Med.  and  Phys., 
vol.  iv. ;  Contributed  papers  to  these  periodicals,  and  also 
to  the  Trans.  Amer.  Pliilos.  Soc. 

Hays,  Mrs.  Mary,  an  English  lady,  pub.  several 
novels.  Letters,  Essays,  and  juvenile  works,  1796-1817, 
and  the  following  work,  by  which  she  is  best  known:  Fe- 
male Biography,  Lon.,  1S03,  6  vols.  sm.  Svo. 
Hayter.  i'crspective  for  Children,  1S14,  Svo. 
Hayter,  Rev.  John.  Essay  on  1  Cor.  xi.,  Lon.,  1791, 
Svo. 

Hayter,  Rev.  John,  d.  at  Paris,  1818.  1.  Observa- 
tions on  a  Review  of  tho  Uerculanonsia,  4to.  2.  Report 
upon  the  Herculaneum  MSS.,  Lon.,  ISU,  r.  Svo.  Mr.  H. 
resided  for  several  years  at  Naples  and  at  Palermo,  for  the 
purpose  of  unrolling  and  deciphering  the  Greek  MSS. 
found  at  Hercul.aneum. 
Hayter,  Richard.  Book  of  Revohition,  Lon.,  1675. 
Hayter,  Thomas,  D.D.,  d.  1762,  Bishop  of  Norwich, 
1749;  trans,  to  London,  1761.  Occasional  serms.,  and  a 
charge,  Lon.,  1732-59. 

Hayter,  Thomas,  d.  1799,  aged  53.     Serm.,  Lon., 
1791,  Svo. 
Hayus,  John.     See  Hat. 

Hayward,  Abraham,  Q.C.  1.  Trans,  of  Savigny's 
Vocation  of  our  Age  for  Legislation  and  Jurisprudence, 
Lon.,  Svo.  See  Licber's  Ilermeneutics,  ed.  1839,  p.  127. 
2.  Statutes  founded  on  the  C.  Law  Reports,  1832,  12mo. 
See  5  Leg.  Obs.  1S9.  3.  Law  regarding  Marriage  with  the 
Sister  of  a  Deceased  Wife;  3d  ed.,  1S46,  Svo,  pp.  28.  4 
Trans,  of  Goethe's  Faust,  in  English  prose,  Pt.  1,  1833,  fp. 
Svo  ;  4th  ed.,  1847,  ISmo.  5.  Juridical  Tracts,  1S56,  p.  Svo. 
6.  Biographical  and  Critical  Essays,  1858, 2  vols.  Svo.  Com- 
mended. See  Judge  Story's  Life  and  Letters,  ii.  324,  and 
the  life  of  EDW.inp  Everett,  in  this  Dictionary,  p.  569. 
Hayward,  C.  Serms.,  1793,  '99,  both  Svo. 
Hayward,  Charles,  Jr.  Life  of  Sebastian  Cabot, 
in  Sparks's  Amcr.  Biog.,  Series  1,  ix.  91-162. 

Hayward,  Edward.  Ships  in  R.  Navy,  Ac,  Lon., 
1660,  fol. 

Hayward,  George,  M.D.,  President  of  the  Mass.  Me- 
dical Society,  lato  Prof,  of  Surgery  in  Harvard  University. 
Trans.  Bichat's  General  Anatomy,  Boston,  1818-22,  3 
vols.  Svo.  Trans.  Becklard's  additions  to  Bichat's  Anatomy, 
Boston,  1823,  Svo.  1.  Outlines  of  Physiology,  Bost.,  1S34, 
12mo.  2.  Surgical  Reports  and  Miscellaneous  Papers  on 
Medical  Subjects,  Bost.,  1S55,  12mo. 

*'  Valuable  "alike  to  the  non-professloual  reader,  to  the  medical 
student,  and  to  the  veteran  practitioner.'' — N.  Amer.  Itev.,July, 
1866.  167-182. 

Hayward,  or  Haywarde,  Sir  John,  d.  1627,  an 
English  historian,  educated  at  Cambridge,  was  knighted 
in  1619.  1.  Tho  Urst  part  of  the  Life  and  Raigne  of  King 
Henrie  the  IIII.,  Lon.,  1699,  4to.  With  Cotton's  Henry 
IIL,  1642,  12mo.  2.  An  Answer  to  the  First  Part  of  a 
Conference  concerning  Succession,  pub.  not  long  since 
under  the  name  of  R.  Doleman  (Parsons),  1603,  4to.  Again, 
under  the  title  of  The  Right  of  Succession  asserted,  Ac, 


HAT 

1683,  Svo.  3.  Union  of  Eng.  and  Scot.,  1604,  4to.  4. 
Lives  of  Wm.  L.  Wm.  II.,  and  Henry  I..  1613,  4to.  5. 
The  Sanctuario  of  a  Trouldcd  Soul,  1616, 12mo.  2d  Part, 
1649,  12mo.  Reprinted  in  the  Harleian  Miscelbany.  6. 
David's  Tears,  1622,  Svo;  1623,  '25,  4to;  1636,  12mo.  7. 
Christ's  Prayer,  1623,  Svo.  8.  ,Supremacie  in  Affairs  of 
Religion,  1624,  4to.  9.  The  Life  .and  Raigne  of  Edward 
VI.,  1630,  4to;  1636,  Svo;  1642,  I2nio;  1730,  4to;  and  in 
Kcnnet's  CoUec,  ii.  273,  1706.  See  Athen.  Oxon.;  Strype; 
Kcnnet;  Bp.  Nicolson's  Hist.  Lib. 

Hayward  dedicated  bis  Raigne  of  King  Henrio  IIII.  to 
tho  Earl  of  Essex,  which  together  with  some  of  the  his- 
torian's remarks,  displeased  tiueen  Elizabeth,  who  ordered 
Lord  Bacon  to  search  the  book  for  treasons.  Bacon  re- 
ported that  there  was  no  Ireamii,  but  that  there  were  many 
felonies;  for  the  author  "  had  stolen  many  of  his  sentences 
and  conceits  out  of  Cornelius  Tacitus." 

Hayward,  John.  1.  View  of  tho  U.  States.  N.Tork, 
1833,  Svo.  2.  Religious  Creeds,  Ac.  of  the  U.  States  and 
of  the  Brit.  Provinces,  Bost.,  1837,  12mo.  3.  N.  England 
Gazetteer,  1S39,  8vo.  4.  Book  of  Religions,  1842,  12mo. 
5.  Gazetteer  of  the  U.  States,  Portland,  1843,  Svo. ;  Phila., 
1854,  Svo.  6.  Gazetteer  of  Mass.,  N.  Hamp.,  and  Vermont, 
Bost.,  1S49. 

Hayward,  Joseph.  1.  Science  of  Horticulture,  1818, 
Svo.     2.  Science  of  Agriculture,  Lon.,  1825,  Svo. 

''  Shows  avery  sfiund  scientitic  judgment  in  alt  practical  points." 
— Donahhou's  Agneult.  Biixj. 

"  Blends  mucii  practical  information  in  confirmation  of  theory." 
— L<m.  Month.  Jiev. 

3.  Fruitfulness  and  B.arrenness  in  Plants,  Ac,  1834, 12mo. 
'•The  subject  is  extremely  well  handled,  but  in  a  practical  view 

it  merits  no  comment." — Dunuldsoti's  Agriciilt.  Biog. 

4.  Mode  of  Training  Vines;  Trans.  Hortic.  Soc,  1815. 
Hay\vard,  Roger,  D.D.     Serms.,  Lon.,  1673,  '76. 
Hayward,  Samuel.     1.  Serm.  to  Sailors  on  Ps.  evii. 

31,  1746,  Svo.     2.  XVII.  Serms.,  Lon.,  1758,  '92,  Svo. 

'■  Composed  in  a  truly  evangelical  style,  and  well  adapted  for 
usefulness.'' — Walter  Wilsox. 

3.  Serm.  to  Youth  on  Prov.  viii.  17,  1756,  Svo.  4.  Reli- 
gious Cases  of  Conscience.     See  Pike,  Samuel. 

Hayward,  Thomas.  The  British  Muse;  or,  A  Col- 
lection of  Thoughts,  &lorfil.  Natural,  and  Sublime,  of  our 
English  Poets  who  flourished  in  the  16tb  and  17th  Centu- 
ries, Lon.,  1738,  3  vols.  12mo;  1740,  3  vols.  12mo,  under 
the  title  of  The  Quintessence  of  English  Poetry,  Ac.  Per- 
haps anew  title-page  only.  The  preface,  containing  an  His- 
torical and  Critical  Notice  of  all  the  Collections  of  this  Kind 
that  were  ever  pnblisheil,  wiis  written  by  Wm.  Oldys,  under 
tho  supervision  and  with  the  corrections  of  Dr.  Campbell. 

"The  most  comprehensive  and  exactCommouplaceof  the  Works, 
of  our  most  eminent  poets  throughout  the  reign  of  Queen  Eliza- 
beth, and  afterwards." — Wurton's  Hi^t.  of  Eng.  Poet.,  ed.  1840,  iii. 
234. 

"A  collection  incomparably  preferable  to  all  preceding  ones." — 
Disraeli's  Amenities  of  Literature,  q.  v. 

And  see  Brydges's  Phillips's  Tbeat.  Poet.  Anglic,  Pref. 
Ixvi. 

'■  If  the  grain  were  separated  from  the  chatT  which  fills  the  works 
of  our  National  I'oets,  what  is  truly  valuable  would  be  to  what  is 
useless  in  the  proportion  of  a  molehill  to  a  mountain." — BunKE. 
Haywarde,  Sir  John.     See  IlAvwARn. 
Haywarde,  Richard.     Prismatics,  N.  York,  1S53, 
12mo.     A  collection  of  Prose  and  Poetry. 

Haywarde,  Wm.  1.  Trans,  from  the  Frencli  of  Ge- 
ncrall  Pardon,  Lon.,  1571,  Svo.  A  theolog.  treatise.  2. 
Bellum  Grammaticale,  1576,  Svo. 

Haywood.     Secret  Hist,  of  the  Life  of  Mary,  Queen 
of  Scots,  with  the  real  cause  of  all  her  Misfortunes,  1725, 
Svo. 
Haywood,  Eliza.     See  Heywood. 
HayAVOod,  Capt.  F.     Memoir  of,  with  Extracts  from 
his  Diary  and  Corresp.,  Lon.,  1832,  Svo. 

Haywood,  F.  Analysis  of  Kant's  Critick  of  Pure 
Reason,  Lon.,  1844,  Svo. 

Ha'ywood,  Henry,  d.  1755,  a  minister  of  the  Soci- 
ninn  Baptists  in  Charleston,  S.C,  tr.ans.  into  English  Dr. 
Whitby's  treatise  on  Original  Sin,  and  left  a  defence  of 
Whitby  against  Gill,  and  a  catechism,  ready  for  the  press, 
HayAVOod,  James.  Letters  to  Farmers,  AVorksop, 
1862,  12mo. 

"  Neat  on  every  department  of  agriculture,  and  form  a  useful 
handbook  to  every  farmer." — Donaklson's  Agrieult.  Biog. 

Haywood,  Judge  John.  1.  N.  Carolina  Reports, 
1789-1806;  2d  ed.,  by  W.  H.  Battle,  Raleigh,  1832-43,  2 
vols.  Svo.  2.  N.  Carolina  Justice,  Svo.  3.  Publick  Acta 
of  N.  Carolina  and  Tennessee,  2d  ed.,  Nashville,  1810,  4to. 
4.  Tennessee  Reports,  1816-18;  Knoxville  and  Nashville, 
1818,  3  vols.  Svo.  5.  In  conjunction  with  Robert  L.  Cobbs, 
Statute  Laws  of  Tennessee,  Knoxville,  1S31,  Svo. 

809 


HAY 


UAZ 


Haywood,  Thomas*  1.  Londini  Artlum  et  Scien- 
tiarum  Seaturigo ;  or,  London  Fountaine  of  Arts  and 
Sciences,  16;il,  4to.     2.  Porta  Pietatis,  163S,  4to. 

HayAVOod,  VVm.,  D.D.  Serms.,  1642,  '48,  '60,  '63. 
See  Pt'tition  and  Articles  exhibited  against  him  in  Par- 
liament, 1641,  4to. 

Hazard,  Miss  Ann.  Emma  Stanley;  or,  The  Or- 
phans, N.  York. 

Hazard,  Ebenezer,  d.  1817,  aged  73,  a  native  of 
Philadelphia,  Penn.,  grad.  at  Princeton  College  in  1762; 
Postmaster-General  of  the  U.  States,  17S2-S9.  Historical 
Collections;  consisting  of  State  Papers  and  other  authentic 
Documents  intended  as  materials  for  a  Hist,  of  the  U. 
States  of  America.  Phila.,  2  vols.  4to;  i.  1792  ;  ii.  1794. 

"A  valuable  collection  of  documents  relating  to  American  His- 
tor>'."— /i'i(/''s  Bill.  Ama:  Nfjva.  i.  375.  q.  v.  And  see  Hazard's  Re- 
marks nn  a  Report  concerning  the  Western  Indians,  2  Mass.  Hist. 
Coll.  iv. 

Hazard,  Joseph,  of  Lincoln  College,  Oxford.  The 
Conquest  of  Quebec;  a  Poem,  Lon.,  1769,  4to. 

Hazard,  RoAvland  G.,  b.  ISOl,  in  South  Kingston, 
Rhode  Ishind,  an  extensive  manufacturer  at  Peace  Dale, 
Rhode  Island.  1.  Language:  its  Connexion  with  the  pre- 
sent Constitution  and  future  prospects  of  Man,  by  Hcte- 
roscian,  Providence,  1836.  This  work  is  thus  referred  to 
by  an  eminent  authority: 

"Volumes  have  not  only  been  read,  but  written,  in  flying  jour- 
neys. I  have  known  a  man  of  vigorous  intellect,  who  had  enjoyed 
few  advantages  of  early  education,  and  whose  mind  was  almost 
engrossed  by  the  details  of  an  extensive  business,  but  who  com- 
posed a  book  of  much  original  thought,  in  steamboats  and  on 
horseback,  while  visiting  distant  customers." — Wm.  Ellery  Chan- 
NINO,  D.D. :  Sdf-Cidturc ;  in  the  collective  ed.  of  his  Works,  3d  ed., 
ii.  104. 

A  review  of  Language,  written  by  Miss  Peabody,  ap- 
peared soon  after  the  publication  of  the  latter.  Mr.  H. 
has  also  pub.  several  pamphlets,  1841-48,  upon  Public 
Schools,  Railroads,  &c. 

Hazard,  Samuel,  a  son  of  Ebenezer  Hazard,  [ante,) 
b.  in  1784,  in  Philadelphia.  Penn.  1.  Register  of  Penn- 
sylvania, Phila.,  1828-36,  16  vols.  large  8vo.  This  valu- 
able work,  containing  a  large  mass  of  historical  matter,  is 
frequently  cited  by  historians,  and  is  received  as  authority 
in  the  courts  of  Pennsylvania.  See  Rich's  Bibl.  Amer. 
Nova,  ii.  204.  2.  United  States  Commercial  and  Statistical 
Register,  1839-42,  0  vols.  Svo.  3.  Annals  of  Pennsylvania, 
from  the  Discovery  of  the  Delaware,  ( 1609,)  to  the  year  16S2, 
1  vol.  8vo,  pp.  800.  This  vol. — complete  in  itself — is  in- 
tended as  the  first  of  a  series  designed  to  cover  the  period 
from  1609  to  1856.  4.  Pennsylvania  Archives,  1682-1790, 
printed  by  appointment  of  the  Legislature,  from  the  origi- 
nals in  the  office  of  the  Secretary  of  State.  The  whole 
series  up  to  1790  has  appeared,  in  12  vols,  of  about  800  pp. 
each;  one  vol.  more,  composed  entirely  of  an  Index  to  16 
vols,  of  Colonial  Records,  previously  printed,  and  the  12 
vols,  of  Archives,  will  complete  the  whole  period  authorized 
to  be  embraced  in  the  work.  It  is  to  such  indefatigable 
labourers  as  Mr.  Hazard  and  his  father  that  historians  are 
indebted  for  much  of  the  most  valuable  portions  of  their 
compilations. 

Hazard,  Thomas  R.,  of  "Vaucluse,"  Rhode  Island, 
a  brother  of  Rowland  G.  Hazard,  was  b.  in  1784,  in  South 
Kingston,  Rhode  Island.  1.  Facts  for  the  Labouring  Man, 
1840.  2.  Essay  on  Capital  Punishment,  1S50.  3.  Report 
on  the  Poor  and  Insane  of  the  State,  1860.  4,  Handbook 
of  the  National  American  Party,  1856. 

Hazelaud,  Wm,     Serms.,  1756-61,  all  4to. 

Hazelius,  E.  L,,  D.D.,  Lutheran  Pastor,  Prof,  in 
Theulog.  Seminary,  Lexingtun,  S.C.  1.  Life  of  Luther, 
N.Y.,  1813.  2.  Life  of  Stilling,  from  the  German,  Gettys- 
burg, 1S31.  3.  Augsburg  Confession,  with  Annotations.  4. 
Evangelisches  Magazin,  ed.  1831.  5.  Materials  for  Cate- 
chization  on  passages  of  Scripture,  1823.  6.  Church  History, 
4  vols. — History  of  the  Lutheran  Church  in  America,  1846. 

Hazen,  E.,  of  New  York.  1.  New  Speller  and  Defiuer, 
Phila.,  12mo.  2.  Panorama  of  Trades,  Manufactures,  Ac. 
3.  Speller  and  Definer,  12mo.  4.  Popular  Technology,  N. 
York,  18mo.  5.  Practical  English  Grammar.  6.  Symboli- 
cal Spelling-Books ;  do.  Pts.  1  and  2.  Upwards  of  a  million 
copies  of  Mr.  Hazen's  popular  school-books  have  been  pub. 

Hazlitt,  William,  177S-1830,  the  son  of  a  Unitarian 
minister  uf  Shropshire,  after  receiving  hi;^  education  at  the 
Unitarian  College  at  Haekley,  began  life  as  an  artist,  and 
executed  a  number  of  paintings,  which  pleased  every  taste 
but  that  of  the  too  fastidious  artist,  who  threw  away  the 
pencil  in  disgust,  even  amidst  the  commendations  of  his 
admiring  friends.  Removing  to  London,  he  secured  a 
situation  as  Parliamentary  reporter  for  some  of  the  daily 
papers,  and  thus  comraenced  a  literary  career  of  great 
810 


diligence,  which  was  prosecuted  until  his  death  in  1830. 
He  contributed  largely  to  various  periodicals ;  and  many 
of  his  most  popular  essays,  afterwards  collected  into  vo- 
lumes, originally  thus  appeared  as  fugitive  essays.  He 
was  one  of  the  contributors  to  the  Edinburgh  Review,  and 
aloe  officiated  as  home  editor  of  *'  The  Liberal." 

His  first  acknowledged  production  (pub.  anonymously) 
was — 1.  An  Essay  on  the  Principles  of  Human  Action, 
which  has  been  commended  as  indicative  of  considerable 
metaphysical  acutcness.  This  work  was  succeeded  by  the 
following  publications  : — 2.  The  Eloquence  of  the  British 
Senate.  1808,  2  vols.  8vo.  3.  English  Grammar  for  Schools, 
<fec.,  1810,  12mo.  4.  The  Round  Table;  a  collection  of 
Essays,  1817,  2  vols.  8vo.  Written  for  the  Examiner 
in  connection  with  Leigh  Hunt.  5.  Character  of  Shak- 
epeare's  Plays,  1S17,  8vo.  6.  A  View  of  the  English  Stage; 
containing  a  series  of  Dramatic  Criticism,  181S,  8vo.  7 
Lectures  on  English  Poetry,  delivered  at  the  Surrey  Insti- 
tute in  1818,  Svo.  8.  The  Spirit  of  the  Age,  p.  Svo.  9. 
The  Plain  Speaker,  2  vols.  Svo.  10.  Political  Essays,  with 
Sketches  of  Public  Characters,  Svo.  11.  Lectures  on  the 
English  Comic  Writers,  12mo.  12.  Letts,  on  the  Dramatic 
Literature  of  the  Age  of  Elizabeth,  12mo.  13.  Table-Talk : 
Original  Essays,  1S21,  2  vols.  12mo.  14.  Liber  Amoris; 
or.  The  New  Pygmalion,  12mo.  15.  Criticisms  on  Art,  2 
vols.  12mo.  16.  Sketches  of  the  Principal  Picture-Gal- 
leries,  12mo.  17.  Life  of  Napoleon  Bonaparte,  1828, 4  vols. 
Svo.  IS.  A  Letter  to  Wm.  GifTord.  19.  Journey  through 
France  and  Italy,  Svo.  20.  Essays  and  Characters;  writ- 
ten at  Winterslow,  12mo.  21.  Conversations  with  James 
Northcote,  p.  Svo.  We  might  also  include  his  treatise  on 
the  Fine  Arts,  contributed  to  the  7th  ed.  Encyc.  Brit.,  (see 
Haydon,  Benjamin  Robert,)  a  volume  of  Characteristics, 
&c.  After  his  decease,  his  son  pub.  his  Literary  Remains, 
with  Life,  by  his  son,  and  Thoughts  on  his  Genius  and 
Writings,  by  Sir  E.  L.  Bulwer  and  Sir  T.  Noon  Talfourd, 
1836,  2  vols.  Svo.  New  ed.,  1839,  2  vols.  Svo.  This  the 
reader  must  procure,  and  also  the  revised  edits,  of  his  best- 
known  works,  edited  by  his  son,  (1845,  <te.)  viz.:  Table- 
Talk,  2  vols. ;  Plain  Speaker,  2  vols. ;  Lects.  on  Dramatic 
Lit.;  on  the  English  Stage;  on  English  Poets;  on  English 
Comic  Writers;  Characters  of  Shakspeare's  Plays;  Criti- 
cisms on  Art,  2  series,  2  vols. ;  Winterslow  Essays  and  Cha- 
racters, &c.  Messrs.  Carey  &  Hart,  Philadelphia,  pub. 
in  1848,  (in  5  vols.  12mo,)  The  Miscellaneous  AVorks  of 
William  Hazlitt :  Vols.  L,  II.  Table-Talk  ;  III.  Lects.  on  the 
Dramatic  Lit.  of  the  Age  of  Elizabeth ;  Characters  of  Shak- 
speare's Plays;  IV.  Lects.  on  the  English  Comic  Writers; 
Lects.  on  the  English  Poets;  V.  The  Spirit  of  the  Age. 
Mr.  H.  C.  Baird,  of  Phila.,  has  added  to  these  5  vols,  a 
reprint  of  the  Life  of  Napoleon,  in  1  vol.  Svo.  A  2d  ed.  of 
this  work,  revised  by  the  author's  son,  was  puh.  Lon.,  1852, 
4  vols.  12mo.  Hazlitt  also  edited  An  Abridgment  of  the 
Light  of  Nature,  originally  published  in  seven  volumes, 
under  the  name  of  Edward  Search.  Esq.,  1307,  Svo. 

As  an  essayist,  a  critic,  and  a  sketcher  of  literary  por- 
traits, both  the  merits  and  demerits  of  Hazlitt  were  un- 
doubtedly great.  In  testimony  of  this  assertion  we  could 
summon  many  witnesses,  but  our  limits  will  admit  of  but 
brief  citations: 

"In  critical  disquisitions  on  the  leading  characters  and  works 
of  the  drama,  he  is  not  surpassed  in  the  whole  ran^'e  of  ICn^'iish 
literature;  and  what  in  an  especial  manner  commands  admiratiuu 
in  their  perusal  is  the  indicutiou  of  refined  taste  and  chastened 
reflection  which  they  contain,  and  which  are  more  perspicuous  in 
detached  passages  than  in  any  entire  work.  He  appears  greater 
when  quoted  than  when  read.  Possibly,  had  his  life  been  pro- 
longed, it  might  have  been  otherwise,  and  some  work  emanated  from 
his  gifted  pen  which  would  have  placed  his  lame  on  a  durable 
foundation." — Sir  Arcuibvld  Alison:  Hist,  of  Europe.  1815-5i. 

'■  We  are  not  .ipt  to  imbibe  half  opinions,  or  to  express  them  by 
halves;  we  shall,  therefore,  say  at  once,  that  when  Mr.  llazlitt's 
taste  and  judgment  are  left  to  themselves,  we  think  him  among 
the  best,  if  not  the  very  best,  living  critic  on  our  national  litera- 
ture  As  we  have  not  scrupled  to  declare  that  we  think  Mr. 

Hazlitt  is  sometimes  the  very  best  living  critic,  we  shall  venture 
one  step  farther,  and  add,  that  we  think  he  is  sometimes  the  very 
worst.  One  would  suppose  that  he  had  a  personal  quarrel  with 
all  living  writers,  good,  bad,  or  indifferent.  In  fact,  he  seems  to 
know  little  about  them,  and  to  care  less.  With  him,  to  be  alive 
is  not  only  a  fault  in  itself,  but  it  includes  all  other  possible  faults. 
Ue  seems  to  consider  life  as  a  disease,  and  death  as  your  only 
doctor.  He  reverses  the  proverb,  and  thinks  a  de.id  ass  is  better 
than  a  living  lion.  In  his  eyes,  death,  like  charity,  'covereth  a 
multitude  of  sins.'  In  short,  if  you  want  his  praise,  you  must 
die  for  it;  and  when  such  praise  is  deserved,  and  given  vonanwret 
it  is  almost  worth  dying  for." — I'rofessor  John  Wilso.v;  Black- 
iVOOfPs  Mag.,  iii.  76;  notice  of  Ilazlitfs  Lects.  on  English  Poetry. 

"  AVhen  we  reflect  upim  the  numiier  in  which  he  brings  thiaga 
before  those  who  afteniled  \m  LrturrH,  .sum..-  of  his  old  acquaint 
ance  and  their  fricn'is,  we  feel  nothing  but  disgust  at  him,  ana 
doubt  of  the  true  refinement  of  an  ago  in  which  a  polite  and  well- 
educated  audience  would  allow  of  such  gross  personalities.     If  ilr. 


HAZ 


nazlitt  is  blind  to  the  heavities  of  the  living  poets,  it  is  of  little 
consetiuence  to  them  or  to  us ;  but  we  are  olfeu  Jed  at  the  vultiarity 
af  the  attacks  upon  the  characters  of  Wordsworth  and  Coleridge; 
nor  does  he  rise  in  our  estimation  by  seeking;  to  make,  out  of  the 
faults  of  Burns,  a  defence  for  licentiousness  and  a  rude  attack 
upon  a  well-principled  man."— Kxcbard  Hbnrv  Dana:  N.  Amer. 
Mm.,  viii.  27,  Ti.  32:i;  review  of  Lects.  on  English  I'oetry. 

UazUtt  indeed  dwelt  more  with  tho  detid  tliau  the  living, 
and  tho  enthusiasm  he  evinces  when  ho  has  exchanged  the 
drawing-room  for  the  graveyard — esijccially  when  gar- 
nishing the  sepulchre  of  the  greatest  of  English  poets— is 
well  described  by  a  late  eminent  critic  : 

"lie  seems  pretty  generally,  indeed,  in  a  state  of  happy  intoxi- 
cation—and has  borrowed  from  his  great  original,  not  indeed  the 
force  and  brilliancy  of  his  fancy,  but  somethins;  of  its  playfulness, 
and  a  large  share  of  his  apparent  joyousness  and  self-indul;xence 
In  its  exercise.  It  i.s  evidently  a  gre.at  pleasure  to  him  to  be  fully 
possessed  with  the  beauties  of  his  author,  and  to  follow  the  impulse 
of  his  uure.sl  rained  eagerness  to  impress  tbem  upon  his  i-eaders." 
— Lord  Jeffhev  ;  Etlin.  liev.,  ssviii.  472. 

Mr.  Tuckerman  estimates  Hazlitt's  abilities  Tery  highly, 
and  asserts  that  he 

*'  Possessed,  in  a  very  eminent  degree,  what  we  are  inclined  to 
believe  the  most  impo'rtant  requisite  for  true  criticism.— a  great 
natural  relish  for  all  the  phases  of  intellectual  lite  and  action.' 

But  he  makes  a  large  deduction  from  his  praise  when 
he  admits  that 

"  There  is  scarcely  a  page  of  Ilazlitt  which  does  not  betray  the 
influence  of  strong  prejudice,  a  love  of  pa]ado.\ical  views,  and  a 
tendency  to  sacrifice  the  exact  truth  of  a  question  to  an  effective 
turn  of  expression."— CTia)-acferis(iCS  of  Literature,  Second  Series  : 
The  Critic  :  Willium  HazUlt. 

Certainly  one  of  tho  best  criticisms  elicited  by  the 
irritings  of  Hazlitt  is  the  review,  by  Sir  T.  N.  Talfourd, 
of  the  Lectures  on  the  Dramatic  Literature  of  the  Age 
of  Elizabeth,  orighially  published  in  the  Edinburgh  Re- 
view, xxxiv.  4.3S— 149,  and  since  reprinted  in  the  author's 
Miscellaneous  Writings.  See  also — in  addition  to  the  au- 
thorities already  cited — 1.  De  Quincey's  Essays  on  the 
Poets  and  the  English  Writers,  vol.  x.  of  his  Collected 
Works,  Host.,  lSo3,  12mo.  2.  Allan  Cunningham's  Biog. 
and  Crit.  Hist,  of  England  for  the  last  Fifty  Years.  3. 
Dibdin's  Library  Companion.  4.  Gilfillan's  Galleries  of 
Literary  Portraits,  i.  and  ill.  5.  Southey's  Life  and  Cor- 
respondence. 6.  Whipple's  Essays  and  Reviews,  2d  ed., 
ii.  125-1215,  and  in  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  Oct.  1845 ;  and  the  fol- 
lowing articles:  7.  Lon.  Quar.  Rev.,  xvii.  154;  xviii.  458; 
xix.  424;  xxii.  158;  xxvi.  103.  8.  Edin.  Rev.,  Ixiv.  395. 
9.  Lon.  Month.  Rev.,  xcii.  153  ;  xciii.  59,  25U;  ei.  55;  evil. 
1;  ex.  113;  cxxiii.  275.     10.  Edin.  Month.  Rev.,  iii.  297. 

11.  Blackwood's  Mag.,  ii.  556,  558,  500,  679,  681,  683;  iii. 
71,  72,  74,  303,  550,  587;  xi.  333,  370;  xii.  157,  701,  702; 
xiv.  219,  309,  313,  428  ;  xvi.  71 ;  xvii.  131,  361 ;  xviii.  506; 
XX.  786;  xxi.  474;  xxiii.  386,  399;  xxiv.  695  ;  xxxiii.  136. 

12.  DuU.  Univ.  Mag.,  viii.  406.  13.  Fraser's  Mag.,  xix.  278. 
14.  Eclec.  Rev.,  vii.  288.  15.  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  -xliii.  543. 
16.  Amer.  Quar.  Rev.,  xx.  265.  17.  Amer.  Whig  Rev.,  v. 
98;  xiv.  138.  IS.  Museum,  ix.  154.  19.  Living  Age,  (from 
Jerrold's  Mag.,)  iv.  459.  20.  South.  Quar.  Lit.  Mess.,  ii. 
617.     21.  Aualec.  Mag.,  xii.  201. 

Hazlitt,  William,  Jr.,  of  the  Middle  Temple,  son 
of  the  preceding,  and  editor  of  his  father's  Works,  is  best 
known  as  an  author  by  his  translations  of  the  Life  of  Lu- 
ther, 1846,  '48, 12mo;  Michelefs  Roman  Republic,  sm.  8vo; 
Guizot's  Hist,  of  tho  English  Revolution,  1846,  12mo; 
Guizot's  Hist,  of  Civilization,  pub.  by  Bogue,  1S46,  3  vols. 
12mo,  again  by  Bohn,  1856,  3  vols.  12mo  ;  Thierry's  Hist, 
of  the  Conquest  of  Englaud  by  the  Norm:ins,  1847,  2  vols. 
12mo;  Hue's  Travels  in  Tartary,  Ac.  in  1844-46,  2  vols, 
sq.  12mo,  1852.  See  also  his  ed.  of  Montaigne's  Works, 
1842,  r.  8vo;  of  De  Foe's  Works,  1840,  3  vols.  r.  8vo;  and 
the  Lives  of  the  British  Poets,  (based  upon  and  including 
Dr.  Johnson's  Lives.)  4  vols.,  1854,  Ac.  This  last-named 
publication  failed  to  elicit  the  enthusiastic  commendation 
of  tho  sharp-sighted  and  quick-witted  critic  of  the  London 
Athenffium  :  see  the  No.  for  Feb.  18,  1854,  pp.  207-208. 

Hazlitt,  William  Carew,  son  of  the  preceding. 
The  History  of  tho  Origin  and  Rise  of  tho  Republic  of 
Venice,  Lon.,  1858,  2  vols.  8vo.  Tho  history  is  brought 
down  to  the  close  of  the  thirteenth  century. 

"So  far.  it  is  a  creditable  contribution  to  literature,  opening  to 
the  English  eye  fresh  passages  and  characteristics  of  the  romantic 
Venetian  annals.  .  .  .  One  result  is  to  expose,  even  more  signally 
than  had  previously  been  done,  the  comparative  worthlessness  of 
Dam, — the  quarry  whence  most  English  compilations  biive  of  late 
been  drawn."—ion..<l<'u:n.,  1868, 41.  See  also  .N.  Amer. Rev.,  Oct.l 868. 

British  Columbia  and  Vancouver's  Island,  1858,  fp.  8vo. 

Head,  Sir  Edmund  Walker,  8ib  Bart.,  son  of  the 
Rev.  .Sir  .John  Head,  7th  Bart.,  b.  1805,  near  Maidstone. 
Kent;  Gov.-Gcn.  of  Canada  since  1854.  1.  Handbook  to  tho 
Spanish  and  French  Schools  of  Painting,  Lon.,  1847,  p.  8vo. 

"Sir  Ednmnd  is  logical  and  analytical,  lucid  in  style,  calm  in 
temper,  rejects  all  German  trausceudentaliams,  and  picks,  with 


HEA 

practical  English  sense,  the  kernel  from  the  hnsks.  ever  sacrificing 
the  second-class  and  trivial  for  tho  first-rate  and  emphatic." — Lon. 
Quar.  Rev.,  June,  1848. 

"  The  review  of  these  two  schools  (Spanish  and  French)  is  BO 
clear  and  concise,  that  we  can  name  no  work  which  contains  any 
abridged  histories  60  comprehensive  as  we  find  in  this  Handbook, 
fully  worthy,  in  every  respect,  of  all  those  which  have  preceded 
it." — L"ii.  Art-Union. 

See  W.  H.  Prescott's  Miscellanies,  Best.,  1855,  642. 

2.  Kugler's  Handbook  of  Painting :  The  German,  Flem- 
ish, and  Dutch  Schools.  Trans,  by  a  Lady;  edited,  with 
Notes,  by  Sir  E.  H.,  1843,  p.  8vo. 

"  Translated  by  a  lady,  and  edited,  with  notes,  by  Sir  Edmund 
Head,  aided  by  the  advice  of  Mr.  Eastlake,  Mr.  Giuner,  and  Mr. 
Ford,  this  volume  presents  us  with  aviewoftheGerman, Flemish, 
and  Duti-h  schools  of  I'ainting.  "We  recommend  it  as  avery  candid 
and  excellent  production." — Lftn.  LiU.rary  Gazette. 

Head,  Erasmus,  Prcb.  of  Carlisle.  1,  2.  Serms. 
Lou.,  1746,  '47,  both  8vo.     3.  Roman  Antiq.,  1773. 

Head,  Sir  Francis  Bond,  brother  of  Sir  Edmund 
Walker  Head,  Bart,  K.C.H.,  b.  1793,  formerly  a  miijor  in 
the  Royal  Army,  and  Lieut.  Governor  of  Upper  Canada 
1835-38,  now  in  the  receipt  of  a  good-service  pension  of 
£100  per  annum.  1.  Rough  Notes  taken  during  some  Rapid 
Journeys  across  the  Pampas  and  among  the  Andes,  Lon., 
1826,  8vo;  4th  ed.,  1847,  p.  8vo.  These  rapid  journeys  ob- 
tained for  the  huiTied  traveller  the  sobriquet  of  "  Galloping 
Head,"  from  "the  manner  in  which  he  scoured  across  the 

Pampas."  ,  ,  .       i  i,,       i 

"  'I'he  gay  captain  scampers  across  the  Pampas  plains  at  the  rate 
of  a  hundred  to  a  hundred  and  twenty  miles  a  day.  .  .  .  Ilis  are 
mere  sketches,  it  is  true,  but  the  outline  is  generally  so  well  and 
clearly  defined  as  to  produce  all  the  effect  of  a  finished  picture."— 
ItoDERT  Sol'tuey:  Lou.  Qmtr.  ii'cy.,  xxxiv.  114-148. 

"This  book  has  all  the  interest  of  a  novel."— ion.  Eckc.  Jtev. 

"Every  reader  m,ay  draw  entertainment  and  instruction  from 
bis  iMXik." — iV.  Amer.  liev.,  xxiv.  29.5-321. 

2.  Reports  relating  to  the  Failure  of  the  Rio  Plata 
Mining  Association,  1827,  p.  8vo.  3.  Bubbles  from  the 
Brunnen  of  Nassau,  by  an  Old  Man,  1833,  p.  8vo,  6th 
ed.,  1841,  16mo. 

"Just  suited  for  the  pocket  and  for  Rhine  travellers." — Ltm. 
Attuturntn. 

4.  Narrative  of  his  Administration  in  Upper  Canada, 
1839,  Svo;  3d  ed.,  same  year.  Respecting  the  topics  dis- 
cussed in  this  work,  see  Men  of  tho  Time,  London,  1856; 
Rich's  Bibl.  Amer.  Nova,  ii.  287,  316;  Dubl.  Univ.  Mag., 
xiii.  501-519;  Westminster  Rev.,  xxxii.  426;  Eclec.  Rev., 
4th  Ser.,  v.  556. 

"Sir  Francis  Head's  Narrative  is  a  very  remark.able  one,  being 
one  of  the  most  clear,  unreserved,  and  honest  .accounts  over  ren- 
dered by  a  public  servant,  of  the  arts,  the  principles,  and  the  policy 
of  an  unpopular  administration.  Few  provincial  governors  could 
have  to  relate  so  interesting,  so  arduous,  and  so  successful  a  strug- 
gle."— Lon.  Qunr.  Rev. 

"A  lively,  pleasant,  self-complacent  piece  of  egoism,  ....  di- 
rectly opposite  in  all  its  characteristics  to  the  Report  of  Lord  Dui^ 
ham  ;  but  this  we  say  without  reference  to  the  principles  advocated 
by  either  party." — Lrm.  Athenaeum,  1839,  lti9. 

5.  Life  of  Bruce,  1844,  '48,  ISmo.  6.  The  Emigrant;  3d 
ed.,  1846;  6th  ed.,  1852,  p.  8vo. 

"From  this  the  future  Mahon  will  gather  tho  means  of  enliven- 
ing the  detail  of  our  annals  ;  from  this  the  Macaulay  of  another 
day  will  draw  the  minute  circumstances  which  preserve  the  very 
form  and  image  of  the  past." — Lent.  Qnar.  Reu. 

"The  most  minute  and  accurate  autobiography  could  hardly 
have  done  more  to  explain  Sir  Francis  Head's  character  and  career 

than  tho  little  work  before  us We  have  now  pretty  well 

picked  our  crow,  and  we  may  safely  dismiss  the  political  history 
and  theories  of  Sir  Francis  Head  into  the  region  of  chimeras  and 
confusion." — £din.  Rev.,  Ixxxv.  3rjS-397. 

7.  Stokers  and  Pokers— Highways  and  Byways,  1850, 
p.  Svo.  Originally  pub.  in  the  Lon.  Quarterly;  now  en- 
larged and  altered. 

'■  It  is  a  very  clever,  rapid,  graphic,  and  effective  series,  descrip- 
tive of  the  ditficulties  attendant  on  the  construction,  maintenance, 
and  working  of  a  great  railway,  with  illustrations  from  such  scenes 
as  may  he  witnessed  daily  on  the  line." — Lem.  Examiner. 

8.  The  Defenceless  State  of  Great  Britain,  1850,  p.  Svo. 
"A  most  timely  and  needful  warning,  which  every  one  will  do 

well  to  consider We  venture  to  think  that  it  will  not  be 

without  some  effect,  however  it  may  be  as.sailed  hy  vulgar  abuse 
or  depreciated  by  contemptible  flippancy."— JStaciioood's  Mag., 
Dec.  1860.  .     ^, 

"  It  is  calculated  to  rouse  all  tho  old  women  m  the  country. 
Such  a  fee-fa-fum  of  a  book  we  never  read.  The  Duke's  letter  to 
Sir  John  Ilurgoyne  was  nothing  to  it;  and  it  beats  even  Lord 
Ellesmere  hollow." — Lon.  Examiner. 

"  To  a  large  class  of  persons  he  will  appear  to  have  done  more 
good  than  harm,  even  by  the  publication  of  a  book  so  full  of  ex* 
aggeration  that  it  is  difficult  to  say  whether  it  should  be  classed 
vvVth  our  serious  or  with  our  imaginative  literature." — Lmi.  At/te- 
nanim,  1860,  1189. 

"  It  is  indeed  our  sense  of  the  real  danger,  and  our  anxiety  for 
a  practical  remedy,  that  have  induced  us  to  combat  at  such  length 
Sir  Francis  Head's  various  propositions; — some  of  which,  we  think, 
are  too  slight  to  support  his  arguments,  and  others  too  vast  and 
too  vague^to  satisfy  the  common  sense  of  the  country." — Lon. 
(^uar.  liev.,  Ixxxviii.  269-310. 


eii 


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IIEA 


9.  A  Fortnight  in  Ireland,  1852,  8to. 
"llaving  blown  his  *  bubbles'  in  Germany,  and  humt  up  his 

'French  faggot,'  the  author  6eeks  on  Irish  t^rouud  to  amusf  him- 
self  and  his  readers  by  comic  sketches  interspersed  with  gcneial 
reflections  made  in  hisown  pecuUar  style." — Lon.  Athencvum,  lSb'2, 
1201. 

10.  A  Faggot  of  French  Sticks ;  or,  Paris  in  1851,  2  vols, 
p.  Svo,  1S52 ;  3d  ed.,  1855,  2  vols. 

"  He  took  with  him  to  bis  task  the  kindly  spirit  ftnd  minute 
observation  tor  which  he  is  distinguished,  and,  on  his  return  to 
England,  cast  his  notes  and  reminiscences  into  volumes,  summon- 
JDg  to  his  aid  the  easy  cheerful  style  and  sly  humour  which  have 
long  caused  his  name  to  sound  harmoniously  in  the  ears  of  all 
lovers  of  a  genial  and  amusing  book.  We  rejoice  that  this  book 
is  one  we  can  honestly  praise." — Lon.  Literary  Gazette. 

"Very  curious,  rt^adable,  and  in  some  sense  informing;  but, 
perhaps,  its  most  remarkable  feature  is,  how  much  may  be  seen  iu 
I'aris  in  a  short  lime  by  a  man  who  resolutely  sets  about  it." — 
Lon.  Spectator. 

*'  If  Sir  Francis  knew  how  much  we  admire  his  books,  we  almost 
think  (though  that  is  saying  much)  that  his  feelings  towards  the 
American  Uepublic  would  becomo  somewhat  kinder  and  gentler. 
....  From  the  delightful  Babbles  from  the  Brunnen,  with  its 
quaint,  half  deprecatory  motto,—'"  Bubble,"  (bobbel,  Dutch,)  any 
thiny  that  wauts  solidity  and  firmness:  (Johnson's  Dictionary)' — 
down  to  the  Faggot,  and  inrluding  the  more  recent  work  on  Ire- 
land, we  find  everywhere  the  same  freshness,  the  same  vividness 
of  narration,  and  the  same  good  sense.  The  Bubbles  are  not  alto- 
gether empty  and  fragile;  the  Faggot  is  not  wholly  composed  of 
dry  and  crooked  sticks." — N.  Amer.  liev.:  Travellers  in  France, 
Ixsvi.  397^23. 

See  an  article  on  Sir  Francis's  Works  in  the  Westminster 
Review,  xxxi.  461. 

Head,  Sir  George,  1782-1855,  brother  of  the  pre- 
ceding. 1.  Forest  Scenes  and  Incidents  in  the  Wilds  of  N. 
America,  Lon.,  1829,  Svo;  new  ed.,  1839,  p.  Svo. 

"The  Rough  Notes  of  Captain  Head  on  bis  gallop  across  South 
America  are  not  more  unlike  ordinary  travels  than  this  Diary  of 
ft  winter's  journey  in  British  America,  and  a  summer  residence  in 
the  woods  there."— Robert  Soctuey:  Lon.  Qnar.  /I'd'.,  xlii.  80-105. 

2.  A  Home  Tour  through  the  Manufacturing  Districts 
of  England  iu  1835,  2d  ed.,  1836,  Svo.  3.  A  Home  Tour, 
&c. ;  a  continuation  of  the  preceding,  1837,  Svoj  3d  ed.  of 
both,  1S40,  2  vols.  p.  Svo.  Reviewed  by  Robert  Southey 
in  Lon.  Quar.  Rev.,  lix.  316-327. 

4.  Rome ;  a  Tour  of  Many  Days,  1849,  3  vols.  Svo. 
"  The  present  work  is  intended  for  the  general  pulilic, — to  furnish 

to  the  numerous  readers  at  home  and  abroad  a  simple  and  distinct 
account  of  Home  and  its  Antiquities." — Preface. 

"It  is  out  of  the  question  to  convey  by  such  means  as  are  at 
our  command  any  just  idea  of  the  mass  of  intelligence  collected 
by  Sir  George  Head.  He  seems  to  make  us  actiuaiuted  with  every 
inch  of  Rome,  and  to  leave  nothing  for  future  workmen  to  do  in 
revealing  its  smallest  features.  The  roads,  the  streets,  the  palaces, 
the  churches,  the  relics  of  every  kind,  and  the  inhabitants  also, 
are  all  set  before  us  in  the  best  possible  order.  Iu  short,  it  is  a 
standard  work,  to  last  like  Rome.'* — Lon.  Literary  Gazette. 

5.  Trans,  from  the  Italian  of  Cardinal  Pacca's  Hist. 
Memoirs  of  himself,  with  Notes,  1850,  2  vols.  p.  Svo. 

"To  those  who  are  desirous  of  informing  themselves  minutely 
regarding  Napoleon's  relations  with  the  Papacy  from  1808  to  1814, 
this  work  will  be  extremely  interesting." — Lon.  Athenaeum. 

6.  Trans,  of  Apuleius's  Metamorphoses ;  or,  the  Golden 
Ass,  1851,  p.  Svo.  This  is  commended  as  an  excellent 
translation. 

"It  may  be  read  with  interest  and  instruction  as  a  most  trust- 
worthy duscriptiou  of  the  habits,  manners,  and  customs  prevailing 
in  the  Roman  provinces  iu  the  second  century  of  the  Christian 
era." — Lo7i.  Athciia'um. 

Head,  James  Roper.     Political  tracts,  1*96,  '97. 
Head,  Rev,  Sir  John,  Bart,  of  Hermitage,  near 
Rochester.     1.  Serm.,  1803,  Svo.     2.  Discourses,  181S,  Svo. 
Head,  Michael.     Azora;   a  Metrical  Romance,  in 
four  Cantos.  1S14,  Svo. 

Head,  Richard,  drowned  in  1678,  was  the  author 
of  Hie  et  Ubique,  or  the  Humours  of  Dublin  :  a  Comedy, 
Lon.,  1663,  4to;  Parts  1  and  2  of  the  English  Rogue, 
(Parts  3  and  4  were  by  Franci.s  Kirkman:)  and  some 
other  works.  Pee  Lowndes's  Blbl.  Man.,  890;  Biog.  Dra- 
mat.,  iv.  321-322;  Winstank-y's  Lives  of  the  Eng.  Poets. 
Head,  Mrs.  Thomasen.  The  Pious  Mother;  or. 
Evidences  for  Heaven,  Lon.,  1839, 16mo.  AVritten  in  1650. 
Hcadlam,  John.  Lett,  to  the  Rt.  Hon.  Robert  Peel 
on  Prison  Labour.  Luu.,  1823.  Reviewed  by  Rev.  Sydney 
Smith,  in  Edin.  Rev.,  Jan.  1824. 

Headlam,  Thomas  E.,  M.P.,  Q.C.  1.  Trustee  Act 
of  1850,  ike,  Lon.,  1850,  Svo;  3ded..  1855,  12mo.  2.  Supp. 
to  Daniell's  Chancery  Practice,  bringing  it  down  to  1851, 
Svo,  1851.     3.  New  Chancery  Acts,  &c.,  1852,  Svo. 

"The  eminent  position  of  Mr.  Headlam  entitles  his  work  on  the 
New  Chancery  Acts  to  an  early  notice  in  our  pages;  and  his  opi- 
nions on  the  recent  changes  in  Equity  Jurisdiction  and  Practice 
deserve  the  most  respectful  consideration."— Xecrai  Observer,  Jan. 
1,1853. 

Headlam,  John.     Serm.,  1804,  Svo. 

Headland,  Frederick  W.     Es^ay  on  the  Action  of 

Medicines  in  the  System,  Lon.,  1850,  Svo :  2d  ed.,  1855,  Svo. 
813  ^  f  I  f         }  }  J 


"The  very  fiivourahle  opinion  which  we  were  amongst  the  first 
to  pronounce  upon  this  essay  has  been  fully  confirmed  by  the 
•^eneral  voice  of  the  profession  :  andBr.  Headland  may  now  be  con- 
gratulated upon  having  produced  a  treatise  which  has  been  weighed 
in  the  balance  and  ibund  worthy  of  being  ranked  with  our  stand- 
ard medical  works." — Lon.  Lancd. 

Hcadley,  Henry,  1766-1788,  a  native  of  Norwich, 
educated  at  Trin.  Coll.,  Oxford,  pub.  a  vol.  of  Poems  and 
other  Pieces  in  1786,  Svo,  contributed  to  the  Gent.  Mag. 
under  the  signature  of  C.  T.  0.,  wrote  No.  16  of  the  Olla 
Podrida,  (2d  ed.,  Lon.,  1788,  8vo,)  pub.  several  papers  in 
The  Lucubrations  of  Abel  Slug,  and  gave  to  the  world,  in 
1787,  Select  Beauties  of  Ancient  English  Poets,  with  Re- 
marks, 2  vols.  cr.  Svo.  A  new  ed.  of  this  work  appeared 
in  1810,  2  vols.  cr.  Svo,  with  a  Biographical  Sketch  of  the 
author,  by  the  Rev.  Henry  Kett,  Fellow  of  Trin.  Coll., 
Oxford.  Headley  designed  and  pub.  two  vols,  similar  to 
the  preceding. 

"  He  included,  under  the  un<"istentatious  and  general  term  Re- 
marks, a  I'retace,  Introduction,  Biographical  Sketches,  Notes,  and 

a  Supplement His   principles  of  criticism  are  sound,  his 

remarks  are  pertinent,  and  they  are  often  made  with  a  degree  of 
acuteness,  force,  and  discrimination,  that  would  have  done  credit 

even  toa  Johnsonor  a  Walpole The  collection  of  the  (ujen/y- 

nine  Biographical  Sketches  of  the  old  English  Poets  may  be  con- 
sidered as  a  rich  cabinet  of  exquisite  portraits,  finished  with  all 
the  truth  and  spirit  of  a  Vandyke.  They  possess  a  peculiar  deli- 
cacy of  touch  and  fidelity  of  character.  The  colours  are  vivid; 
the  features  of  each  person  are  discriminated  with  the  greatest 
precision;  and  we  have  only  to  regret  that  we  have  no  more  com- 
positions of  the  kind  from  the  same  masterly  hand.  The  following 
selections  afford  ample  specimens  of  his  diligence  as  well  as  of  his 
talents  and  taste." — Uev.  Hesuy  Kett:  Biog.  ^Sketch,  iihi  snpi'a. 

See  Sir  S.  E.  Brydges's  Prcf  to  his  cd.  of  Phillips's 
Theat.  Poet.  Anglic,  Ixx.,  Ixxi.  j  Blackwood's  Mag.,  xxxviii. 
677. 

Headley,  Rev.  Joel  Tyler,  b.  at  Walton,  Delaware 
county,  New  York,  Dec.  3,  1814,  graduated  at  Union  Col- 
lege in  1839,  and  sulisequently  pursued  his  theological 
studies  at  the  Auburn  Theological  Seminary.  After  being 
licensed  in  the  city  of  New  York,  he  removed  to  Stock- 
bridge,  Mass.,  and,  for  about  two  years  and  a  half,  officiated 
as  pastor  of  a  church  in  that  place.  Obliged  from  failure 
of  his  health  to  abandon  his  intention  of  devoting  himself 
to  the  ministry,  he  determined  to  test  the  effects  of  foreign 
travel  upon  his  constitution,  and,  in  pursuance  of  this  reso- 
lution, passed  the  years  1842-43  in  Italy  and  other  por- 
tions of  the  Continent.  Upon  his  return  home,  in  1S44, 
he  gave  to  the  world  the  ret^ults  of  his  observations,  in  two 
vols.,  which  met  with  a  reception  sufficiently  favourable  to 
make  the  tourist  henceforth  an  author  by  profession.  In 
May,  1850,  Mr.  Headley  was  married  to  Miss  Anna  A. 
Russel,  a  niece  of  Rev.  Dr.  Wm.  Ellery  Channing;  and 
in  1S51  he  erected  a  villa  on  the  banks  of  the  Hudson, 
just  above  the  Highlands,  ''commanding  a  view  of  sur- 
passing beauty  and  grandeur."  In  1S54  he  was  elected  a 
member  of  the  Legishiture  of  New  York. 

Mr.  Headley's  first  American  ancestor  was  the  eldest  son 
of  an  English  baron,  and  of  the  same  family  as  the  present 
Sir  Francis  Headley,  We  subjoin  a  list  of  Mr.  H.'s  pro- 
ductions : 

1.  A  translation  from  the  German,  1844.  Anon.  2.  Let- 
ters from  Italy,  1845,  12mo. 

"A  work  upon  which  a  man  of  taste  will  be  gratified  to  linger. 
It  possesses  the  unfatiguing  charms  of  perfect  simplicity  and 
truth.  .  .  .  We  meet  everywhere  the  evidences  of  manly  feeling, 
pure  sympathies,  and  an  houorable  temper.  In  many  of  the  pas- 
sages there  is  a  quiet  and  almost  unconscious  humour,  which 
reminds  us  of  the  delicate  raillery  of  the  Spectator.  The  stj  le  is 
delightfully  free  from  every  thing  bookish  and  commonplace.  It 
is  natural,  familiar,  and  idiomatic.  It  approaches,  as  a  work  of 
that  kind  ought  to  do,  the  animation,  variety,  and  ease  of  spoken 
language." — It.  W.  Griswold  :  Prose  Wriicrs  of  America, '^ih  ed., 
Phila.,  1852. 

See  South.  Rev.,  x.  85;  Democratic  Rev.,  (by  H.  T. 
Tuckerman,)  cxvii.  203  ;  Lon.  Athenseum,  1845,  957-60. 

3.  The  Alps  and  the  Rhine;  a  Series  of  Sketches,  1845, 
12mo. 

"In  a  former  number  of  this  journal  (Ath.,  No,  936)  we  cha- 
racterized Mr.  Headley's  Letters  from  Italy  as  '  teeming  with  ego- 
tism, somewhat  meagre  in  detail,  and  ambitious  in  execution.' 
We  find  the  Alpsaud  the  Rhine  yet  more  open  to  such  a  criticism." 
— Lon.  AthentFum,  1846,  291. 

"  That  it  i.s  a  pleasant  miscellaneous  tour  is  all  that  can  be  said 
about  it."— ion.  Literary  Gazette,  Is-iG,  379. 

4.  Napoleon  and  his  Marshals,  1846,  2  vols.  12mo. 

"  He  has  taken  the  subject  up  with  ardour,  but  with  little  pre- 
vious preparation  :  the  work,  therefore,  indicates  imperfect  infor- 
mation, immature  views  of  character,  and  unconsidered  opinions. 
The  style  has  the  same  melodramatic  exaggeration  which  the 
whole  design  of  the  work  exhibits.  Yet  unquestionably  there  is 
power  manifested  even  in  the  faults  of  these  briUiant  sketches." — 
R.  W.  Griswolu:  ubi  strpra. 

See  reviews  by  W.  B.  0.  Peabody,  Chris.  Exam.,  xlii. 
174;  by  W.  T.  Bacon,  New  Englander,  iv.  364;  by  G.  H. 
ColtoD,  Amer.  Whig  Rev.,  iii.  5^7;  iv.  86. 


HEA 

5.  The  Sacrod  Mountains,  181G,  Svo  and  :2mo.  Sec 
Griswold's  Prose  Writers  of  America;  Poe's  Literati. 
6.  Washington  and  his  Generals,  1S47.  2  vols.  12mo.  See 
South.  Lit.  Moss.,  .xiii.  316  ;  Amor.  Whig  Rov.,  (by  G.  H. 
Colton.)  V.  517,  638.  7.  Life  of  Oliver  Cromwell,  1848, 
12mo.  See  Democratic  Rev.,  xxii.  333.  8.  Sacred  Scenes 
and  Characters,  1849,  Svo  and  12mo.  9.  The  Adirondack ; 
or,  Life  in  the  Woods,  1849.  In  this  worli  Mr.  Headley 
relates  his  explorations  in  the  Ailirond.aclt  region  of  the 
State  of  Now  York.  See  Lon.  Atheua.'um.  1849,  83.3-34. 
10.  Sketches  and  Rambles,  1850,  12mo.  1 1.  Miscellanies, 
1850,  12mo.  The  authorized  edit,  is  pub.  by  Scribncr. 
12.  The  Old  Guard  of  Napoleon,  from  Marengo  to  Water- 
loo, 1S51,  12mo.  This  is  based  principally  upon  the  his- 
tory of  Emile  Marco  de  St.  Hilaire.  See  Lon.  Athonroum, 
1852,  1117.  13.  Lives  of  Winfiold  Scott  and  Andrew 
Jackson,  1852,  12mo.  14.  Hist,  of  the  Second  War  be- 
tween England  .and  the  United  Stales,  1853,  2  vols.  12mo. 
15.  The  Sacred  Plains  of  the  Biljle,  1S55,  12mo.  This  work 
was  written  by  J.  II.  Headley,  an  Englishman  who  died 
in  Buffalo  in  185S.  16.  Life  of  General  Washington, 
N.  York,  1857.  A  uniform  ed.  of  Mr.  Ileadloy's  Works,  in 
12  vols.,  was  pub.  previously  to  tlic  a])pearance  of  several 
of  bis  later  productions.  So  great  has  been  the  demand 
for  his  writings  that  the  sale  had  reached  200,000  vols,  up 
to  1853.  In  addition  to  the  criticisms  above  noticed,  the 
reader  will  find  further  remarks  on  Mr.  Hcadlcy's  writings 
in  Amcr.  Whig  Review,  vol.  ii. ;  I\Ieth.  Quar.  Rev.,  viii. 
84  ;  and  articles  by  E.  0.  Dunning,  in  New  Englander,  v. 
402  ;  vi.  482. 

Headley,  Rev.  Phineas  Camp,  b.  at  Walton, 
Delaware  county.  New  York,  June  24,  1819,  is  a  brother 
of  the  preceding.  1.  Historical  and  Descriptive  Sketches 
of  the  Women  of  the  ISiljlo,  Auburn,  1850,  12mo.  2.  Life 
of  the  Empress  Josephine  ;  new  ed.,  N.  Y^ork,  1850,  12mo. 
3.  Life  of  Lafayette;  new  ed..  1855,  12mo.  4.  Life  of 
Louis  Kossuth,  Ac.,  Auburn,  1852,  12mo.  5.  Life  of  Mary, 
Queen  of  Scots,  5th  ed.,  1856,  12mo.  Mr.  He.adley  h.as 
been  a  contributor  to  the  Christian  Parlor  M.ngazine,  the 
New  York  Observer,  the  New  York  Tribune,  the  Boston 
Traveller,  and  other  periodicals. 

Heailrick,  Kev.  James.  1.  Mineralogy,  Agricul- 
ture, Manufactures,  Ac.  of  the  Island  of  Arran,  Edin., 
1807,  Svo.  2.  Agriculture  of  the  County  of  Angus,  or  For- 
farshire. Lon.,  1807,  (1813?)  Svo. 

"By  ftir  tbL'  most  soieulilic  of  the  reports  of  the  Scotch  commit- 
tees."— D'tiialdSf'tCs  Aprtcitlt.  JSing. 

Headrick,  John.  Chymical  Secrets,  Lon.,  1697,  Svo. 

Heald,  W.  M.     Letter  to  Methodists,  1813. 

Healde,  Thomas,  M.D.    Profess,  works,  1769-1805. 

Heale,  \Vm.  An  Apologie  for  Women,  &c.,  Oxf., 
1609,  4to.  This  is  an  answer  to  Gager's  iingallant  posi- 
tion— "That  it  was  lawfull  for  Husband.s  to  beate  their 
Wives."  We  have  already  visited  the  miserable  Gager 
with  deserved  reprehension:  see  G.VGKn,  Wm. 

Healey,  John.  Discovery  of  a  New  World,  Teuter- 
belly.  New  Land,  and  Forliana,  Lon.,  Svo.  This  is  a 
humorous  version  of  Bishop  Hall's  Mundus  Alter  et  Idem. 
See  Lowndes's  Biljl.  Man.,  890. 

Heap,  Henry.  Serm.,  Luke  xxiii.  42,  43,  Lon.,  1829, 
12mo. 

Heard,  F.  F.  1.  Duty  of  Justices  of  the  Peace  in 
Criminal  Prosecutions,  by  Daniel  Davis ;  3d  ed.,  revised 
and  greatly  enlarged,  Bost.,  Svo.  2.  In  conjunction  with 
Charles  R.  Train.  Precedents  of  Indictments,  Special  Pleas, 
&c.,  adapted  to  Amcr.  Practice,  with  Notes,  1855,  Svo.  A 
most  valuable  work.  3.  In  conjunction  with  Edmund 
Hastings  Bennett,  A  Selection  of  Leading  Cases  in  Crimi- 
nal Law,  with  Notes,  vol.  i.,  1856,  Svo,  pp.  616.  This  work 
should  accompany  Smith's  Leading  Cases,  and  Hare  and 
Wallace's  American  Leading  Cases :  see  Hare,  J.  I.  Clark, 
and  Wallace,  Horace  Binney. 

Heard,  Wni.  Sentimental  Journey  to  Bath,  &c.;  a 
Descrip.  Poem  and  Miscell.  Pieces,  Lon.,  1778,  4to. 

Hearn,  Edward.  On  John  xi.  48,  Lon.,  1844,  sm. 
Svo. 

Hearn,  Thomas,  M.D.  View  of  the  Rise  and  Pro- 
gress of  Freedom  in  Modern  Europe,  Ac,  Lon.,  1793,  Svo. 

Hearn,  Thomas.     Garrison  at  Portsmouth,  1807. 

Hearnc,  Erasmus.  The  Antiquarian  School;  or. 
The  City  Latin  Electrified,  Lon.,  1761,  fol. 

Hearne  or  Heme,  Samuel.  Domus  Carthusiana; 
an  Account  of  the  Charter-House,  Lon.,  1677,  Svo. 

Hearne,  Samuel,  1745-1792,  a  native  of  London, 
for  some  years  .a  midshipman  in  the  Royal  Navy  under 
Lord  Hood,  on  the  conclusion  of  the  war  entered  into  the 
service  of  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company,  which  despatched 


IIEA 

him  on  an  expedition  to  find  out  the  North- West  Passage. 
The  results  of  his  explorations  will  be  found  in  the  follow- 
ing work  pub.  after  his  decease  : — Journey  from  the  Prince 
of  Wales's  Fort,  in  Hudson's  Bay,  to  the  Northern  Ocean; 
undertaken  by  order  of  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company*  for 
the  Discovery  of  Copper-Mines,  a  North-West  Passage,  &o., 
in  the  years  1769,  '70,  '71,  '12,  Lon.,  1795,  4to,  pp.  458, 
with  plates. 

"This  viilunble  work  contains  the  account  of  the  first  European 
who  penetrated  to  the  ocean  iiurtli  of  Anierira." — Pinkebton. 

"  It  is  impossible  to  read  it  without  tVelin^  a  deep  interest  and 
without  reflecting  ou  and  cherishing  the  inestimable  blessings  of 
civilized  society." — Xo;i.  Month.  Rev. 

Hearne,  Thomas,  1678-1735,  an  eminent  antiquary, 
a  native  of  White-Waltham,  Berkshire,  educated  attfd- 
mund  Hall,  Oxford,  Assistant  Librarian  of  the  Bodleian 
Library,  compiled  and  edited  forty-one  works,  which  he 
enriched  to  a  greater  or  less  extent  by  his  annotations. 
Among  the  best-known  of  his  publications,  which  were 
principally  pub.  by  subscription  at  Oxford,  are — 1.  Ductor 
Historicus ;  or,  a  Short  System  of  Universal  History,  1 704, 
2  vols.  Svo;  2d  ed.  of  voL  i.,  1705,  Svo;  1714,  2  vols.  Svo; 
1724,  2  vols.  Svo.  Best  ed.  A  good  work  in  its  day,  but 
now  superseded.  2.  Reliquia)  Bodleianse,  1703,  Svo. 
3.  Livy,  1708,  6  vols.  Svo,  4.  Spelman's  Life  of  Alfred 
the  Great,  1709,  Svo.  5.  Leland's  Itinerary,  1710-12,  9 
vols.  Svo;  2d  ed.,  1744-45,  9  vols.  Svo;  3d  ed.,  170S-70, 
9  vols.  8vo.  6.  Leland's  Collectanea,  1715,  6  vols.  Svo. 
Editio  altera,  &q.,  1770  vel  1774,  6  vols.  Svo.  7.  Acta 
Apostolorum,  1715,  Svo.  See  Home's  Introduc.  to  the 
Scriptures.  S.  Titi  Livii  Foro-Juliensis  Vita  Henrici 
Quinti,  Regis  Anglian  1710,  Svo.  9.  Aluredi  Bevarlacensis 
Annales,  1716,  Svo.  10.  Gulielmi  Koperi  Vita  D.  Thomas 
Mori  Equitus  Aurati.  1710,  Svo.  11.  Gulielmi  Camdeni 
Annales  Rerura  Anglicarum  et  Hibernicarum  Regnante 
Elizabetha,  1717,  3  vols.  Svo.  12.  Gulielmi  Neubrigensis 
Historia,  1719,  3  vols.  Svo.  13.  Thomce  Sprotti  Chronica, 
1719,  Svo.  14.  A  Collect,  of  Curious  Discourses  written 
by  Eminent  Antiquaries  upon  English  Antiq.,  1720,  Svo; 
1765,  2  vols.  Svo;  1773,  2  vols.  Svo.  This  edition  has  all 
the  Dissertations  contained  in  the  original  work,  with  the 
addition  of  a  complete  collection  of  the  discourses  delivered 
by  the  founders  of  the  Antiquarian  Society.  Newed.,  1829, 
2  vols.  Svo.  This  collection  contains  discourses  on  the  An- 
cient Britons,  Etymology,  Duelling,  Money,  Epitaphs,  &c. 
15.  Textus  Roffensis,  1720,  Svo.  16.  Roberti  de  Avesbury 
Historia  de  Mirabilibus  Gestis  Edwardi  III.,  1720,  Svu. 
17.  Johannis  de  Fordun  Scotichronicon  Genuinum,  1722, 
5  vols.  Svo.  IS.  Hist,  and  Antiq.  of  Glastonbury,  1722, 
Svo.     19.  Hemingi  Chartularium  Ecclesice  Wigormensis, 

1723,  2  vols.  Svo.     20.  Pvobert  of  Gloucester's  Chronicle, 

1724,  2  vols.  Svo;  1810,  2  vols.  8vo.  21.  Peter  Langtoft's 
Chronicle,  1725,  2  vols.  Svo;  ISIO,  2  vols.  Svo.  Mr.  Bag- 
ster  reprinted  the  two  last-named  works,  and  had  intended 
to  issue  a  uniform  ed.  of  Hearne's  publications ;  but  the 
project  lacked  encouragement.  22.  Liber  Niger  Scaccarii, 
1728,  2  vols.  Svo;  1774,  2  vols.  Svo. 

*'The  Black  Book  of  the  Exchequer,  a  thing  of  great  note  and 
curiosity,  and  the  most  authentic  on  record  of  its  kind  that  we 
have  for  our  timilies,  nest  to  Domesday  Book."— jHearne  to  Rich- 
ardson. 

23.  Thomaj  Caii  VindicisD  Antiquitatis  Academiaj  Oxon- 
iensis,  1730,  &c.,  1730,  2  vols.  Svo.  24.  A  Vindic.  of  those 
who  took  the  Oath  of  Allegiance  to  King  William,  1731,  Svo. 

Hearne  afterwards  became  a  Noujuror,  and  this  treatise 
was  published  by  the  opposite  party  in  his  lifetime.  The 
preface  contains  a  satirical  biography  of  him.  The  address 
to  the  reader  contains  some  interesting  memorials  of 
Hearne,  and  bibliographical  notices  of  his  works. 

In  1737,  r.  fol.,  Mr.  West  had  printed,  for  presents,  50 
copies  of  Ectypa  varia  ad  Historiam  Britannicam  illus- 
trandum,  a?re  olim  insculpta  studio  et  cura  Thomce  Hearne. 
Bindley's  copy  of  this  work  was  sold  for  £11  ll.«.  Miuiy 
of  Hearne's  publications  come  under  our  notice  iu  ou^ 
accounts  of  their  respective  authors.  For  further  infor- 
mation concerning  this  eminent  antiquary,  see  Impartial 
Memorials  of  the  Life  and  Writings  of  Thomas  Hearne, 
M.  A.,  by  several  Hands,  Lon.,  1736,  Svo ;  Lives  of  Lelaud, 
Hearne,  and  Wood,  Oxf.,  1772,  2  vols.  r.  Svo  ;  Biog.  Brit. ; 
Dibdin's  bibliographical  publications;  Letters  by  Eminent 
Persons;  Gough'sErit.  Topog. ;  Nichols'sLit.  Ancc. ;  Oldys's 
Brit.  Lib.:  Chalmers's  Biog.  Diet.;  Gent.  Mag.,  Ivii.,  Iviii., 
Ixix.;  Lowndes's  Bibl.  Man.;  Bliss,  Puilip,  D.D.,  D.C.L. 

In  some  comments  upon  the  investigations  into  ancieot 
English  historical  treasures.  Gibbon  remarks: 

"  The  last  who  has  dug  deep  into  the  mine  was  Thomas  Uearna, 
a  clerk  of  Oxford,  poor  in  fortuue,  and,  indeed,  poor  in  und(.'r.stiind- 
ing.  His  minute  and  obscure  diligence,  his  voiacious  and  undis- 
tiuguisjhiog  appetite,  and  the  coarse  vulgarity  of  his  taste  aud 

813 


IlEA 

style,  have  exposed  him  to  the  ridicule  of  idle  wits.  Yet  it  cannot 
be'  denied  that  Thomas  Heai-ne  has  gathered  many  cleanings  of 
the  harvest;  and,  if  his  own  prefaces  are  filled  witli  crude  and 
extraneous  matter,  bis  editions  ivill  always  be  recommended  by 
their  accuracy  and  use."— An  Address^  etc. :  Miscell.  }\'<jrk-s,  ed.  1837, 
837. 

Among  the  "  idle  wits"  who  made  Hearne  the  "  butt  of 
their  clumsy  ridicule,"  the  most  famous  is  Pope,  who  ho- 
nours Thomas  with  a  place  in  the  Dunciad: 
"But  who  is  he,  in  closet  close  ypent. 
Of  solder  face,  with  learned  dust  besprent'r 
l{i;;ht  well  mine  eyes  arede  the  myster  wi^ht. 
On  parchment  scraps  v-fed  and  Wormics  hight." 
Sec  Dibdin's  Bibliomania,  ed.  1842,  326-336. 
Hearne,  Urban,  M.D.     Lake  Wetter;  Phil.  Trans., 
1706. 

Heart,  Major  Jonathan.  Observ.  on  the  Ancient 
Works  of  Art,  the  Native  Inhabitants.  &c,.  of  the  Western 
Country;  Trans.  Amer.  Soc,  vol.  iii.  214. 

Heartwell,  Henry.  The  Prisoner;  a  Comic  Opera, 
from  the  French,  Lon.,  1799,  8vo.  Sec  Biog.  Dramat. 
Heasel,  Anthony.  Servants'  Book,  Lon.,  1773,  8vo. 
Heath,  Benjamin,  d.  1766,  Recorder  of  Exeter.  1. 
Divine  Existence.  Unity,  and  Attributes,  1740.  2.  Nota; 
sive  Lectiones  ad  Tragicorum  Gr.-coorum  veterum  ^sohyli, 
Ac,  1752,  '62,  '64,  4to.  The  principal  object  of  this  es- 
teemed work  is  to  restore  the  metre  of  the  Greek  Tragic 
Poets.  3.  Excise-Duty  on  Cyder  and  Perry,  1763,  4to.  4. 
A  Revival  of  Shakespeare's  Text,  1765,  Svo.  5.  Heath 
and  Stoddart's  Shakespeare,  1807,  6vols.  4to.  See  Nichols's 
Lit.  Anec. ;  Chalmers's  Biog.  Diet. 

Heath,  Charles.  1.  Descrip.  Accounts  of  Persfield 
and  Chepstow,  Monmouth,  1793,  Svo.  2.  Tintern  Abbey, 
1793,  1806,  Svo.  3.  Ragland  Castle,  1801,  '06,  Svo.  4. 
Hist,  of  Monmouth,  1804,  Svo.  5.  Excursion  down  the 
Wye,  ISOS,  Svo. 

Heath,  Charles,  d.  1848,  gained  great  reputation  by 
his  Books  of  Beauty  and  other  annuals,  the  Caricature 
Scrap-Book,  Shakspeare  Gallery,  Waverley  Gallery,  and 
many  series  of  .splendid  engr.avings.  See  Southey's  Life 
and  Correspondence;  Lon.  Athcnajum,  Nov.  25,  1848. 

Heath,  D.  J.,  Vicar  of  Brading.  Isle  of  Wight.     1. 
Scottish  and  Italian  Missions  to  the  Anglo-Saxons,  Lon., 
1S45,  r.  Svo.     2.  The  Future  Human  Kingdom  of  Christ, 
1852-53,  2  vols.  Svo.     3.  Exodus  Papyri,  with  Chronolo- 
gical Introduction  by  Miss  F.  Corbanx.  1855,  Svo. 
Heath,  Douglass  i).    See  Ellis,  R.  Leslie. 
Heath,  Rev.  George.     Hist,  of  Bristol,  1797,  Svo. 
Heath,  J.     Trans,  of  P.  Du  Moulin's  troisiesme  livre 
de  I'Accomplissement  des  ProphSties,  Oxon.,  1613,  Svo. 

Heath,  James,  1629-1664,  a  native  of  London,  edu- 
cated at  Christ  Church,  Oxford.  1.  A  Brief  Chronicle  of 
the  late  Intestine  War  in  the  three  Kingdoms  of  England, 
Scotland,  and  Ireland,  Lon.,  1661,  Svo.  Afterwards  en- 
larged and  completed  from  1637  to  1663.  4  Pts.,  1633,  in 
a  thick  Svo  vol.  With  a  continuation  from  1663  to  1675, 
by  John  Phillips,  Milton's  nephew,  1675,  fol.  Another 
ed.,  continued  to  1691,  fol.  Heath's  Chronicle  is  princi- 
pally valued  for  its  portraits,  and  copies  have  been  sold 
at  very  high  prices.  See  Lowndes's  Bibl.  Man.,  898-899. 
The  work  gave  great  offence  to  the  High  Church  party  in 
England.     Wood  thus  expresses  his  indignation : 

''  Some  copies  have  in  them  the  pictures  of  the  most  eminent 
soldiers  la  the  said  war,  which  makes  the  book  valued  the  more 
by  some  novices.  [Unkind  cut  at  the  Grangerites!]  But  this 
Cltrouide  being  mostly  compiled  from  lying  pamphlets  and  all  sorts 
of  news-books,  there  are  innumerable  eiTors  therein,  especially  as  to 
name  and  time,  things  chiefly  required  in  history." — Athm.  Oxon. 
"James  Heath,  whose  wretchedly-printed,  but  by  no  means 
wholly  useless,  performance,  seems  to  have  been  put  forth  rather 
as  a  vehicle  for  cuts  of  the  sorriest  possil;ile  description." — Dibdin's 
JAb.  C\mip. 

2.  Elegy  upon  Dr.  Thomas  Fuller,  1661.  3.  Restoration 
of  Charles  IL,  1662,  Svo.  4.  Elegy  on  Dr.  Sanderson, 
Bishop  of  Lincoln,  1662.  5.  Flagellum ;  or.  The  Life 
and  Death,  Birth  and  Burial,  of  Oliver  Cromwell,  the  late 
'Usurper,  1063,  Svo;  3d  ed.,  1665,  Svo  ;  4th  ed.,  1669,  Svo. 
Also  in  1672,  Svo,  and  in  1679,  Svo.  6.  English  Martyrs 
and  Confessors,  1663,  12mo.  7.  Survey  of  the  United 
Netherlands,  Ac,  12mo. 

"  lie  was  a  good  school-scholar,  had  a  command  of  his  Eng.  and 
Lat.  pen,  but  wanted  a  head  for  a  chronologer,  and  was  esteemed 
by  some  as  a  tolerable  poet." — Athe.n.  Oxon. 

See  also  Letters  by  Eminent  Persons,  1813,  3  vols.  Svo. 
8.  England's  Chronicle ;  or,  the  Reigns  of  the  Kings  and 
Queens  to  the  present  Reign  of  King  William  and  Queen 
Mary,  1691,  Svo. 

lieath,  John,  Fellow  of  New  Coll.,  Oxf.,  b.  1688,  at 
Stalls,  Somersetshire.      Two  Centuries  of  Epigrammes, 
Lon.,  1610,  12mo.     Sir  M.  M.  Sykes,  Pt.  1,  1426,  £2  9».; 
Bindley,  Pt.  2,  460,  £9  9». 
8U 


;  a  fair  view  of  the  importance 


UEB 

Heath,  John.  Trans,  from  the  French  of  Bonde- 
loque's  System  of  Midwifery,  Lon.,  1790,  3  vols.  Svo. 

Heath,  Nicholas.  Speech,  when  Lord-Chancellor 
in  1565,  on  .account  of  the  Supremacy,  168S,  Svo.  See 
Lord  Campbell's  Lives  of  the  Lord-Chancellors,  &o. 

'Heath,  Itobert.  Clarestella;  together  with  Poems, 
occasional  Elegies,  Epigrams,  Satyrs,  Lon.,  1660,  12mo. 
Bindley,  Pt  2,  449,  £3  3«. ;  Bibl.  Anglo-Poet.,  361,  £4. 

"Nothing  can  be  more  low  or  ludicrous  than  the  most  of  tho 
occasion.s  which  Heath  thought  worthy  of  being  celebrated  in  song, 
provided  they  happened  to  his  mistress.  Clarastella  could  not  lose 
her  black  fan,  get  a  cold,  or  get  dust  in  her  eye,  but  Mr.  Heath  was 
straight  at  her  feet  with  a  copy  of  verses  in  his  hand."— iWro- 
jyeciiM  Bm.,  1820,  ii.  227-238,  (j.v. 

Heath,  Sir  Robert.  Maxims  and  Rules  of  Pleading 
in  Actions,  Lon.,  1694,  Svo.  The  best  eds.  are  by  Timothy 
Cunningham,  1771,  '94,  4to. 

Heath,  Robert.  1.  Account  of  the  Islands  of  Scilly 
and  Cornwall.  Lon.,  1749,  Svo.  Reprinted  in  Pinkerton's 
Voyages  and  Travels,  vol.  ii. 

"An  honest  detail  of  facts,  giving 
of  these  Islands  to  England." 

2.  Astronomia  Aceurata,  1760,  4to. 
Heath,  Thomas.     Stenography,  Lon.,  1664,  Svo. 
Heath,  Thomas,  of  Exeter,  brother  of  Benjamin 
Heath,  (see  ante.)  An  Essay  towards  a  new  English  Version 
of  the  Book  of  Job,  from  the  Hebrew,  with  a  Comment., 
Ac,  Lon.,  1756,  4to. 

"  This  is  one  of  the  numerous  productions  caused  or  occasioned 
by  the  Warburton  controversy.  ...  It  is,  on  the  whole,  a  respect- 
able performance,  though  the'  hypothesis  respecting  its  [the  Book 
of  Job'sJ  age  and  author,  and  so'me  of  the  sentiments,  will  not  be 
genenally  adopted."— Orinc's  I>iU.  Bid.,  ij.  11. 

"It  is  but  justice  to  this  new  Essay  upon  Job,  to  observe  tliat 
the  translation  is  in  many  places  very  different  from  that  in  com- 
mon use  ;  and  th.at.  in  the  notes,  there  are  many  observations  en- 
tirely new, — all  of  them  ingenious,  and  many  of  them  true." — Lon. 
Month.  Sev..  0.  S.,  xiv.  156. 

Heath,  William,  1737-1814,  a  native  of  Roxbury, 
Mass.,  was  a  major-general  in  the  American  Revolutionary 
army.     Memoirs,  containing  Anecdotes,  Details  of  Skir- 
mishes, Battles,  and  other  Military  Events,  during  the  Ame- 
rican War,  Best.,  1798,  Svo. 
Heathcoat,  Robert.    Poems,  1813,  12mo. 
Heathcot,  Thomas,     1.  Lunar   Eclipse,  Aug.  19, 
1681 ;  Phil.  Trans.,  1682.     2.  Tide  on  the  Coast  of  Guinea, 
&c. ;  Phil.  Trans.,  16S4. 
Heathcote.    Letter  to  the  Lord-Mayor,  1762,  Svo. 
Hcathcote,  Charles.     Corporation  and  Test  Acts, 
1794. 

Heathcote,  Ralph,  D.D.,  1721-1795,  a  native  of 
Barrow-upon-Soar,  Leicestershire,  educated  at  Jesus  Coll., 
Camb. ;  Vicar  of  Barkby,  Leicestershire,  1748;  Assistant 
Preacher  of  Lincoln's  Inn,  1753;  Vicar  of  Sileby,  1765; 
Rector  of  Sawtry-all-Saints,  1766;  Preb.  of  Southwell, 
1768.  1.  Historia  Astronomia,  Camb.,  1746,  '47,  Svo.  2. 
Cursory  Animadversions  upon  the  Middletonian  Contro- 
versy  in  General,  1752.  3.  Remarks  upon  Dr.  Chapman's 
Charge,  1752.  4.  Letter  to  Rev.  T.  Fothergill,  1753.  5. 
Sketch  of  Lord  Bolingbroke's  Philosophy,  1756,  Svo.  6. 
Reason  in  Religion,  1756,  Svo.  7.  Defence  of  ditto,  1766, 
Svo.  8.  Serm.,  1757,  Svo.  9.  Concio  Academica,  1759, 
4to.  10.  Discourse  on  the  Being  of  God,  against  Atheists ; 
in  two  Serms.,  1763,  4to.  Two  eds.  These  two  are  all  of 
Heathcote's  24  Boyle  Serms.  (1763-64)  which  he  pub.  11. 
Lett,  to  Horace  Walpole,  1767,  12mo.  12.  Irenarch;  or, 
Justice  of  the  Peace's  Manual,  1771,  '74,  '81,  Svo.  13.  Elec- 
tion for  Leicester,  1775.  14.  In  conjunction  with  John 
Nichols,  A  New  Edition  of  the  Biographical  Dictionary, 
1784,  12  vols.  Svo.  He  contributed  some  articles  to  this 
work,  .and  some  to  the  first  ed.  of  the  Biog.  Diet. 

Heiithfield,  Richard,  pub.  two  tracts  on  the  Na- 
tional Debt  of  Great  Britain  and  Ireland.  Lon.,  1820,  both 
Svo ;  for  an  account  of  which  see  McCiiUoch's  Lit.  of  Polit. 
Econ.,  337  ;  Blackwood's  Mag.,  vi.  441. 

Heaton,  William.     The  Old  Soldier,  Tho  Wandering 

Lover,  and  other  Poems;  together  with  a  Sketch  of  the 

Author's  Life,  Lon.,  1858.    See  Lon.  Athen.,  1S68,  Pt.  2,  226. 

Hebbes,  Thomas.     Serms.,  Lon.,  1802,  Svo.  Posth. 

Hcbdon,  Returne.  Guide  to  the  Godly,  1648, 12mo. 

Heber,  Reginald,  1728-1804,  a  native  of  Marton, 

Yorkshire,  Fellow  of  Brasenose  College,  Rector  of  Hodnet. 

1   An  Elegy  written  among  the  Tombs  in  Westminster 

Abbey,  1762.     Printed  in  Dodsley's  Poems.     2.  Verses  to 

King  George  IIL  on  his  Accession.     Among  the  Oxford 

H^ber,  Reginald,  D.D.,  April  21,  17S3-April  3, 
1826,  son  of  the  preceding,  was  a  native  of  Malpas,  Che- 
shire, and  educated  at  Brasenose  College,  Oxford,  where 
he  distinguished  himself  by  his  Latin  Poem,  Carmen  Se- 


HEB 


HEB 


culare,  his  English  poem  of  Palestine,  and  a  prose  essay  ] 
of  great  merit,  entitled  The  Sense  of  Honour.  After  leav- 
ing college,  he  travelled  fnr  some  time  in  Germany,  Kussia, 
the  Crimea,  etc.,  and,  on  his  return,  was  in  1807  admitted 
to  holy  orders,  and  subsequently  received  the  family  living 
of  Hodnet.  In  1S09  he  was  married  to  Amelia,  daughter 
of  Dr.  Shipley,  Dean  of  St.  Asaph.  In  1S22  he  was  elected 
to  the  office  of  Preacher  to  Lincoln's  Inn,  and  in  the  next 
year  he  succeeded  Dr.  Middleton  in  the  Bishopric  of  Cal- 
cutta. In  this  vast  diocese  he  laboured  with  great  zeal 
and  success,  until  cut  off  by  an  apuplectic  fit  whilst  bath- 
ing, April  .3,  1S26,  in  his  43d  year.  lie  was  a  man  of 
extensive  learning,  great  elegance  of  taste,  untiring  energy, 
and  profound  piety.  As  a  poet,  his  Palestine,  and  his 
translations  from  Pindar,  deservedly  place  him  in  a  high 
rank;  his  Biblical  attainments  were  evinced  by  his  con- 
templated Bible  Dictionary,  many  articles  of  which  had 
been  long  prepared  at  the  time  of  his  death  ;  his  powers 
of  description  are  admirably  manifested  in  his  Journal  of 
a  Tour  in  India;  and  his  Life  of  Bishop  Taylor,  an  ex- 
cellent edition  of  his  works,  prove  his  qualifications  as  a 
biographer  and  an  editor.  1.  Palestine;  a  Poem:  to 
which  is  added  The  Passage  of  the  Red  Sea  ;  a  Fragment, 
1809,  4to.  Frequently  reprinted.  Palestine  gained  an 
Oxford  Prize  in  1802,  when  the  author  was  but  nineteen 
years  of  age. 

"  Such  a  poem,  composed  at  such  an  a^e,  has  indeed  some,  but 
not  many,  parallels  in  our  language.  Its  copinus  diction,  its  per- 
fect numbers,  its  images  so  well  chosL-n.  diversified  so  happily,  and 
treated  with  so  much  discretion  and  j;ood  taste,  aud,  above  all,  the 
ample  knowledge  of  Scripture,  and  of  writings  illustrative  of 
Scripture,  displayed  in  it, — all  these  things  might  have  seemed  to 
bespeak  the  work  of  a  man  '  who  had  been  long  chusing  and  be- 
gun l3t^?,'  rather  than  of  a  stripling  of  nineteen." — Lon.  Quar. 
Sev.,  XXXV.  451. 

"  It  is  the  fashion  to  undervalue  Oxford  and  Cambridge  Prize 
Poems;  but  it  is  a  stupid  fashion.  Many  of  tbem  are  most  beau- 
tiful. Heber's  Palestine  \  A  flight,  as  upon  Angel's  wing,  over  the 
Holy  Land!     IIow  fine  the  openiug! 

" '  Reft  of  thy  sons!  amid  thy  foes  forlorn, 

Mourn,  \Yidow'd  Queen!  fjrgotten  Zion,  mourn.'" 

CnniSTOPHER  North  :  Nodes  Ambros.,  No.  22. 
"  Fine  as  some  of  these  [Oxford]  prize  poems  have  unquestion- 
ably been,  mnre  especially  Porteus's  Death,  Glynn's  Day  of  Judg- 
ment, Grant's  Restoration  of  Learning,  and  \\'rangham's  Holy 
Land^  still,  it  is  doubtful  whether  HeViL^r  has  l>een  eijualled  tither 
by  any  preceding  or  succeeding  competitor.  It  is  admirably  sus- 
tained throughout ;  and  indeed  the  passages  relating  to  the  build- 
ing of  the  Temple,  and  to  the  scenes  on  Calvary,  pass  from  the 
magnificent  almost  into  the  sublime." — D.  M.  Sloia:  Poet.  Lit.  of 
the  Past  Half-Ckntury. 

On  the  other  hand,  Mr.  Southey  considers  Palestine  to 
have  elicited  more  laudation  than  it  can  justly  claim  : 

"As  a  poet  he  could  not  have  supported  the  rejiutation  which 
his  Palestine  obtained,  for  it  was  greatly  above  its  deserts,  and  the 
character  of  the  poem,  moreover,  was  not  hopeful ;  it  was  too  nicely 
fitted  to  the  taste  of  the  age.  Poetry  should  have  its  lights  and 
shades,  like  painting ;  like  music,  its  sink  and  swell,  its  relief  and 
its  repose.  So  far  as  the  piece  was  intended  for  success  In  a  com- 
petition for  a  prize,  aud  for  effect  in  public  recitation,  it  was  cer- 
tainly judiciously  done  to  make  every  line  tell  upon  the  ear.  But 
to  all  such  poetry  the  motto  under  one  of  Quarles's  Emblems  may 
he  applied : — '  Tiniiit,  inane  est.' " — Letter  to  Henry  Taylor,  July  10, 
1830  :  SoiitJiey's  Life  and  Ch)-resp. 

See  an  article  in  Amer.  Quar.  Rev.,  iv.  271. 

2.  Europe  :  Lines  on  the  Present  War,  1809,  Svo.  Re- 
printed, with  Palestine,  The  Passage  of  the  Red  Sea, 
translatiuns  from  Pindar,  and  some  miscellaneous  verses, 
in  1812,  sm.  8vo.  Of  Ileber's  Poetical  "Works  there  have 
been  a  number  of  eds.,  and  several  within  the  last  fow 
years;  5th  ed.,  Lon.,  1855,  fp.  Svo. 

"Although  more  vigorous  and  elaborate,  it  [Europe]  wants  the 
freshness  and  the  salient  points  of  his  earlier  one  [Palestine];  and, 
although  not  derogatory  to,  did  not  enhance,  his  reputation." — 
B.  M.  MoiR :  uhi  supra. 

3.  The  Personality  and  OflBce  of  the  Christian  Comforter 
asserted  and  explained  :  Serms.  at  the  Bampton  Lectures, 
1815,  Svo,  1816:  2d  ed.,  1818,  Svo.  Included  are  two 
Lectures  on  the  Inspiration  of  the  New  Te.stament. 

"  Very  learned,  but  not  so  experimental  and  devutional  as  might 
have  been  wished.  There  are  beautiful  views  of  the  subject,  com- 
bined with  some  speculative  and  fanciful  notions." — BickersteUCs 
airis.  Siu. 

"We  venture  to  assure  those  readers  who  form  their  anticipa- 
tions of  the  meritof  this  production  from  the  established  character 
of  the  author  of  Palestine,  that  they  will  not  be  disappointed  in 
the  actual  perusal." — Lon.  Qiiar.  Rev.,  xvii.  33S--'>47. 

4.  Hymns  written  and  adapted  to  the  Weekly  Church 
Service  of  the  Year,  principally  by  Bishop  Ileber,  1827. 
Fifty-eight  by  the  Bishop  ;  several  by  the  llev.  II.  BT.  Mil- 
man  ;  the  others  by  Bishop  Ken,  Bishop  Taylor,  Watts, 
Pope,  Cowper,  Addison,  Tate,  Brady,  Sir  Walter  Scott, 
&c. ;  11th  ed.,  1842,  18mo. 

"These  Hymns  have  been  by  far  the  most  popular  of  his  pro- 
ductions, and  deservedly  so;  for  in  purity  and  elevation  of  senli- 
ment,  in  simple  pathos,  and  in  eloquent  earnestness,  it  would  be 


diflRcult  to  find  any  thing  superior  to  them  in  the  range  of  lyric 
poetry.  They  have  the  home  truth  of  Watts,  but  rank  much 
higher,  as  literary  compositions,  than  the  Moral  and  Divine  Songs 
of  that  great  lieuefa.-tor  of  youth;  and  all  the  devotion  of  Wesley 
or  Keble,  without  their  languor  and  diffuse  verbosity.  Ileber 
always  writes  like  a  Chri*;tian  scholar,  and  never  finds  it  necessary 
to  lower  his  tone  on  account  of  his  subject." — D.  M.  MoiR:  uSi 
supra. 

■'  The  hymns  thus  given  to  the  world  will  help  to  dissipate  that 
delusion  which  hangs,  like  a  cold  spell,  over  many  minds  of  much 
feeling  and  under. standing. — th:it  not  much  is  to  be  expected  from 
a  poetical  vein  applied  to  religious  subjects." — Blaclnvood's  Mag., 
xxii.  617-633. 

See  article  entitled  "  Psalmody,"  in  Lon.  Quar.  Rev., 
xxxviii.  16-53. 

5.  Sermons  Preached  in  England,  1S29,  Svo.  6.  Sermons 
Preached  in  India,  1829,  Svo.  7.  Parish  Sermons  :  on  the 
Lessons,  the  Gospel,  or  the  Epistle,  for  every  Sunday  in 
the  Year  and  for  Week-day  Festivals,  preached  in  the 
Parish  Church  of  Hodnet,  Salop,  1837,  3  vols.  Svo ;  5th 
ed.,  1844,  2  vols.  Svo. 

"  I  believe  that  these  Sermons  will  .idd  a  new  interest  and  lustre 
to  the  name  of  Reirinald  Ileber,  and  will  awaken  a  fresh  regret 
for  his  loss."— Sir  Robert  Inglis's  Pref'tce. 

"  Ue  was  a  man  of  great  reading,  and  in  his  Bampton  Lectures 
has  treated  a  most  important  pari  of  the  Christian  faith  with  great 
learning  and  ability.  His  other  published  sermons  are  such  that 
I  am  not  surprised  my  brother  Tlenry  should  think  him  the  most 
impressive  preacher  he  ever  he;ird." — Robert  Southry's  Letter  to 
Henry  Taylor,  July  10,  1S30:  Si-uthey''s  Life  and  Corre-'^p. 

See  an  article  by  P.  W.  P.  Greenwood,  in  Chris.  Exam., 
vii.  212;  and  one  in  Southern  Rev.,  iv.  241. 

8.  A  Journey  through  India,  from  Calcutta  to  Bombay, 
with  Notes  upon  Ceylon,  and  a  Journey  to  Madras  and  tho 
Southern  Provinces,  1828,  2  vols.  4to  ;  1828,  3  vols.  Svo; 
1844,  2  vols.  12mo.  Sold  for  Mrs.  Ileber  by  Sir  Robert 
Inglis  for  £5000. 

"This  is  another  book  for  Englishmen  to  be  proud  of.  .  .  .  He 
surveys  every  thing  with  the  vigilance  and  delight  of  a  cultiv.ated 
and  most  active  intellect, — with  the  eye  of  an  artist,  an  antiquary, 
and  a  naturalist, — the  feelings  and  judgment  of  an  English  gentle- 
man and  scholar. — the  sympathies  of  a  most  humane  and  gene- 
rous man, — and  the  piety,  ch.avity,  and  humility  of  a  Christian. 
Independently  of  its  moral  attraction,  we  are  indiiced  to  think  it, 
on  the  whole,  the  most  instructiveand  important  publication  that 
has  ever  been  given  to  the  world  on  the  actual  state  and  condition 
of  our  Indian  Empire." — Lord  Jeffre?  :  luiin.  Rev.,  xlviii.  312-335. 

"  It  forms  a  monument  of  talent,  sufficient,  single  and  alone,  to 
establish  its  author  in  a  very  high  rank  of  English  literature.  It 
is  one  of  the  most  delightful  books  in  the  language;  and  will,  we 
cannot  doubt,  command  popularity  as  extensive  and  lasting  r.s 
any  book  of  travels  that  has  been  printed  in  our  time.  Certainly 
no  work  of  its  class  that  has  appeared  since  Dr.  Clarke's  can  be 
compared  to  it  for  variety  of  interesting  matter,  still  less  for  ele- 
gance of  execution.  .  .  .  Repossessed  the  eye  of  a  painter  and  the 
pen  of  a  poet;  a  mind  richly  stored  with  the  literature  of  Europe, 
both  ancient  aud  modern." — Lon.  (^fuar.  Rev.,  xssvii.  100-147. 

"One  of  the  most  perfectly  charming  books  of  travel  we  ever 
read;  gentle,  tolerant,  humane,  and  full  of  wisdom;  a  religious 
book  in  the  best  sense  of  the  word,  because  full  of  charity.  It  is 
lively  without  effort,  and  abounds  in  valuable  judgments  of  men 
and  things,  without  one  harsh,  sarcastic  or  illiberal  word.  We 
envy  those  who  have  it  now  in  their  power  to  read  for  the  first 
time  Bishop  Heber's  Indian  Journal." — Lon.  Examiner. 

"Delightful  contributions,  full  of  benevolent  feeling,  simple, 
beautiful  delineations,  and  varied  and  gratifying  details  of  official 
labours." — Lon.  Evafigelical  Mag. 

"•  Uas  all  the  charm  of  romance  with  the  sterling  value  nf  truth. 
It  is  cminL-ntly  the  most  Christian — because  the  most  charitable 
and  tolerant— ^ work  of  the  kind  ever  written.  Residents  in  India 
have  repeatedly  borne  testimony  to  the  fidelity  of  its  notices  of 
men  and  things." — Oxford  Herald. 

"Bishop  Ileber's  charming  Indi.an  Journal." — Camb.  Chronicle. 

Seo  Blackwood's  Mag.,  xxii.  789;  xxsiii.  785;  British 
Critic,  iv.  200.  The  reader  should  add  to  Heber's  Indian 
Journal,  Letters  from  Madras  in  183G,or  First  Impressions 
of  Life  and  Manners  in  India,  by  a  Lady,  Lon.,  1846,  or.  Svo. 

9.  The  Whole  Works  of  Bishop  Jeremy  Taylor,  with  a 
Life  of  the  Author,  and  a  Critical  Examination  of  his 
Writings,  1822,  15  vols.  Svo;  1828,  15  vols.  Svo;  1839,  15 
vols.  Svo.  Revised  by  Charles  Page  Eden,  1S47-54,  10 
vols.  Svo.  Heber's  Life  of  Bishop  Taylor  has  been  sepa- 
rately pub,,  1S24,  2  vols.  Svo;  1S2S,  Svo. 

'■  A  charming  and  instructive  piece  of  biography.  .  .  .  Written 
with  all  the  glowof  poetical  feeling,  and  all  the  elegance  of  refined 
scholarship."— Dr.  Dibdin  :  Lib.  Comp.  See  Lon.  Quar.  Rev.,  xxxv. 
455. 

10.  Bishop  Heber's  Life,  by  his  Widow;  with  his  Corre- 
spondence with  Eminent  Literary  Characters,  Miscella- 
neous Papers  and  Poems,  and  an  Account  of  his  Travels 
in  Russia,  Norway,  &c.,  1830,  2  vols.  4to.  With  this  work 
must  be  perused  The  Last  Days  of  Bishop  Heber,  by 
Thomas  Robinson,  A.M.,  Archdeacon  of  Madras,  and  lato 
Domestic  Chaplain  to  his  Lordship,  1830,  Svo.  The  two 
works  are  reviewed  in  the  Lon.  Quar.  Rev.,  xliii.  366—411  ; 
Edin.  Rev.,  lii.  431-471 ;  Lon.  Month.  Rev.,  cxxii.  517- 
529.  See  also  British  Critic,  viii.  438;  Eraser's  Mag.,  ii. 
121 ;  article  by  R.  Robins  in  the  Chris.  Quar.  Spec,  iii,  227  ; 

gl5 


HEB 


IIEC 


Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  Nov.  1S2G  ;  Essays  on  the  Lives  of  Cow-  |      The  cost  of  this  .mmeno  stock  ,,f  hooks  and  manuscnpt 
per,  Newton,  and  Ilcber;  or,  an  E.'.amination  of  the  Course     may  be  ^^'^'^'f '^''^''""'•^^^"'"""■rf'rf  ™  ^ 
of  Nature  being  interrupts!  by  the  Divine  Government,     and  this  without  any  estmiate  for  the  loss^of  inlereston 
1830,    Svo;    JamieSHju's    Cyc.    of    Religious    Biography;     the  investment. 


After  Hcber's  death,  the  bool;s  in  Eng- 


poeticai  p 

will  be  found  in  Blackwood' 

extracts  from  Ueber's  MS.  Journal  while  travelling 
Northern  countries  of  Europe  were  incorporated  by  Dr. 
E.  D.  Clarke  into  his  travels  in  Germany,  Russia,  Ac.  Nor 
should  we  omit  to  mention  that  Ilcbcr  was  one  of  the  con- 
tributors to  the  London  Quarterly  Review.  Heber  de- 
signed writing  a  work  on  Scylhia;  but  clerical  duties 
prevented  the  completion  of  this  project. 

The  character  of  this  estimable  man  has  been  drawn  in 
such  eloquent  language  by  a  late  emiaent  critic,  that  we 
cannot  do  better  th.an  quote  his  glowing  tribute,— equally 
honour.able  to  himself  and  to  the  subject  of  his  eulogy: 

"LBarned,  pnlLshud.  and  dignified,  he  was  undmibtedly;  yet  far 
moreconisnicunuslv  kind,  bumble,  tolerant,  and  laborious l— zeal- 
ous for  his  church  too.  and  not  foij;ettul  of  his  station ;  but  re- 
memberiuK  it  more  for  the  duties  than  for  the  honours  that  were 
attached  to  it.  and  infinitely  more  zcilous  for  the  religious  im- 
provement, and  for  the  happiness  and  spiritual  and  worldly  good 
of  his  fi-llow-creatures  of  every  tongue,  faith  and  complexion ;— in- 
dulgent to  all  errors  and  infirmities;— liberal,  in  the  best  and 
truest  sense  of  the  word;— humble,  and  cnnscientiously  diffident 
of  his  own  excellent  judgment  and  never-tailiug  charity  ;— looking 
on  all  men  .as  the  children  of  one  God,  on  all  Chiistians  .hs  the 
redeemed  of  one  Saviour,  and  on  all  Christian  teachurs  as  fillow- 
Kabourers.  bound  to  help  and  encourage  each  other  in  their  arduous 
and  anxious  tasl!."- LoRn  Jeffrey:  Eilirt.  Rtv.,  xlviii.  314. 

Heber,  Richard,  M.P.,  1773-1S3.3,  half-brother  to 
the  preceding,  who  was  by  his  father's  second  wife,  was 
also  educated  at  Brasenose  College,  Oxford,  where  ho  w.as 
distinguished  for  his  classical  attainments.  No  other  ey' 
denee  of  Ibis  assertion  is  needed  th.an  his  edition  of  Silius 
Italicus,  (1792,  2  vols.  12mo,)  pub.  when  he  was  a  youth 
of  nineteen,  and  his  Claudiani  Carmina.  printed  (but  not 
pub.)  in  1793,  2  vols.  12mo.  The  latter  was  not  entirely 
completed  by  Ilcber;  but  the  last  five  leaves  of  the  second 
vol.,  with  the  title  and  address,  were  supjilied  by  the  late 
Rev.  Uenry  Drury,  and  recently  the  work  has  been  put 
in  the  market.  Mr.  Ileber's  original  design  was  to  issue 
edits,  of  such  of  the  Latin  poets  as  were  not  printed  in 
Barbour's  collection.  The  abatement  of  his  classical  zeal 
— so  far  at  least  as  regards  this  congenial  project — is  not 
a  little  surprising.  Mr.  Heber  also  pub.  an  edit,  of  Brews- 
ter's trans,  of  Persius,  with  the  Latin  text,  and  superin- 
tended the  publication  of  the  3d  edit,  of  Ellis's  specimens 
of  the  English  Poets.  From  1S21  to  1826  he  represented 
the  University  of  Oxford  in  Parliament. 

Hero  perhaps  we  might  pass  on  to  the  next  article  with- 
out censure,  so  far  as  the  general  reader  is  concerned;  but 
what  Bibliomaniac  would  forgive  us  did  we  omit  to  pay 
a  passing  tribute  to  Richard  Heber  as  the  most  voracious 
Helliio  Librorum  in  the  .annals  of  bibliography  ?  The 
passion  of  book-collecting  first  developed  itself  in  Richard 
Heber  when  he  was  but  a  child,  and  it  "grew  with  his 
growth  and  strengthened  with  his  strength."  As  library 
after  library  was  dispersed  uniler  the  hammer,  Heber  added 
their  choicest  treasures  to  his  own  enormous  collection, 
until  he  could  call  himself  master  of  many  of  the  coveted 
tomes  which  had  once  graced  the  shelves  of  Dr.  Farmer, 
Isaac  Reed,  J.  Brand,  George  Steevens,  the  Duke  of  Rox- 
burghe,  James  Bindley,  Benj.  Heath,  J.  Perry,  G.  Wake- 
field, J.  Kemble,  E.  Malone,  R.  Wilbraham,  J.  Dent,  Dr. 
Gosset,  Sir  M.  M.  Sykes,  and  many  others. 

"  On  hearing  of  a  curious  book,  he  has  been  known  to  put  him- 
self into  the  mail-coach,  and  travel  three,  fjur,  or  five  hundred 
miles  to  obtain  it.  feaiful  In  entrust  his  commission  to  a  letter." 

Thus  did  the  indefatigable  Heber  add  book  to  book,  and 
manuscript  to  manuscript,  until,  one  day,  Death— that  re- 
morseless disperser  of  libraries — summoned  the  owner  of 
this  vast  collection  of  literary  wealth;  and  Richard  Heber 
fell  "in  the  harness,"  still  striving  after  "rare  copies"  and 
"  early  editions."  The  inventory  of  his  treasures  is  thus 
briefly  told: 

"  Some  years  ago  he  built  a  new  library  at  his  house  at  Hodnet, 
which  is  said  to  be  full.  His  residence  in  rimlico,  where  he  died, 
is  filled,  like  Magliabecchi's  at  Florence,  with  books  from  the  top  to 
the  bottom:— every  chair,  every  fable,  every  passage  containing 
piles  of  erudition.  He  had  another  house  in  York-street,  leading 
lo  Great  James-street,  Westminster,  laden  from  the  ground-floor 
to  the  garret  with  curious  booUs.  lie  had  a  library  in  the  Iligh- 
street,  O.xford,  an  immense  library  at  Paris,  another  at  Antwerp, 
another  at  Brussels,  another  at  Ghent,  and  at  other  places  in  the 
Low  Countries  and  in  Germany.  In  short,  there  is  neither  end 
nor  measure  to  his  hterary  stores." — Obituary  notice  in  Gent.  Mag., 
Jm.  1834. 
US 


's  Mas  lulv  1S43.  Many  Holland  and  subsequently  sold  by  Wheatley  in  London, 
mrnal  while  travelling  in  the  the  books  in  Paris,  and  elsewhere  on  the  Continent,  and 
the  MSS.,  coins,  and  drawings  sold  in  London,  produced  a 
net  result  of  £10,000  additional,  we  have  aggregate  re- 
ceipts of  £05,000  against  £180,000  expenditure,  or  a  loss 
of  about  h.alf  a  million  of  dollars,  exclusive  of  interest ! 

Hero  indeed  we  have  the  development  of  the  Biblioma- 
nia in  its  most  furious  type.  What  an  amount  of  ignorance 
might  have  been  enlightened,  vice  reformed,  sorrow  com- 
forted, and  misery  gladdened,  by  the  judicious  application 
o£  this  vast  sum !  The  collecting  of  books  to  a  certain 
extent  is  laudable,  and  to  be  encouraged ;  but  such  enor- 
mous private  accumulations  tend  rather  to  lock  up  know- 
ledge than  to  diffuse  it. 

Dr.  Dibdin  estimates  Heber's  collections  in  England  to 
have  contained  about  105,000  vols. ;  but,  not  satisfied  with 
a  loose  estimate,  we — some  years  before  we  fell  into  this 
habit  of  writing  Dictionaries — made  a  careful  computation, 
and  find  the  result  to  be  as  follows : 

Books  in  collections  in  England,  vols,  about 113,195 

Brought  from  Holland 8,632 

Boulard's  Library,  purchased  by  Heber  in  Paris 30,000 

146.827 

To   this   number  is  to  be  added  a  large  quantity  of 

pamphlets,   bound    and    unbound.     The   number   of    the 

!  days  consumed  by  the  London  sale  was  no  less  than  216. 

.'"  I  How  many  more  books   Mr.  Heber  possessed  in  various 

' '"     parts  of  Europe,  at  the   time  of  his  death,  we  have  no 

means  of  knowing ;  but  the  volumes  already  enumerated 

exceed  by  about  filty  per  cent,  the  contents  of  the  largest 

library  in  America. 

Much  more  we  might  discourse  of  Richard  Heber, — the 
famous  Atticus  of  Dibdin's  Bibliomania. —  the  beloved 
friend  of  Scott,  who  has  immortalized  him  in  the  Intro- 
duction to  M.lrmion, —  the  generous  lender  of  scarce 
volumes  to  needy  scholars  and  black-letter  editors ;  but 
respecting  these  matters  we  must  refer  the  reader  to  Dib- 
din's Decameron,  Bibliomania,  Library  Companion,  Ac; 
Gentleman's  Magazine,  January,  1834;  Southey's  Life 
and  Correspondence;  Lockhart's  Life  of  Scott;  and  see 
DiBDiN,  Thomas  Frogsall,  D.D.  ;  Ferriar,  Joh.i,  M.D. 
Heberden,  Thomas,  M.D.,  Ph.vsician  at  Madeira. 
Con.  on  nat.  phibis.,  astronomy,  Ac.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1751, 
'65,  '67,  '70  ;  on  the  Eleph.antinis,  to  Med.  Trans.,  1768. 

Heberden,  William,  M.D.,  1710-1801,  an  eminent 
English  physician,  a  native  of  London,  educated  at  St. 
John's  Coll.,  Cainb.,  practised  first  at  Edinburgh,  and  sub- 
sequently, from  1746-1801,  in  London.  In  addition  to  his 
Essay  on  Mithridatium  and  Theri.aca,  (Lon.,  1745,  8vo,)  and 
profess,  papers  in  Phil.  Trans.,  Med.  Transac.,  and  Med. 
Obs.  and  Inq.,  (1750-85.)  he  left  in  MS.  the  following  im- 
portant work,  pub.  by  his  son  :  Commentarii  do  Morborum 
Historia  et  Curationc,  Lon.,  1802,  Svo.  Also  pub.  in  Eng- 
lish, at  the  same  time.  Cura  Soemmerring,  Frank.,  1804,  8vo. 
A  new  ed.  h:is  recently  been  pub.  in  Phila.  This  valu.able 
work  contains  102  articles  in  alphabetical  order,  the  results 
of  observations  made  at  the  bedsides  of  his  patients.  He 
was  a  man  of  profound  piety,  and  greatly  esteemed  by  all 
classes  of  men. 

"  Dr.  Heberden  was  one  of  the  best  classical  scholarsof  his  time, 
and  one  of  the  most  perfectly-instructed  medical  men  Knglaud 
has  ever  possessed.''- Da.  JlcCoNXEcny. 

Heberden,  William,  Jr.,  M.D.,  son  of  the  preced- 
ing. 1.  The  Plague,  Ac,  Lon.,  1801.  8vo.  An  Examina- 
tion of  this  work  was  pub.  by  Wm.  Falconer,  .M.D.,  Bath, 
1802,  8vo.  2.  Morborum  Puerilium  Epitome,  Lon.,  1804, 
Svo.  In  English,  by  J.  Smith,  M.D.,  1806,  12mo.  In 
English,  by  the  author,  1807,  8vo.  3.  Oratio  Harveiana, 
1809,  4to.     4.  Con.  to  Med.  Trans.,  1813,  '15. 

Heck,  Caspar  John.  Complete  System  of  Harmony, 
Lon.,  4to. 

Heckwclder,  Rev.  John,  1743-1810,  a  Moravian 
missionary,  a  native  of  Bedford,  England,  laboured  for 
many  years  with  great  zeal  among  the  Delaware  Indians. 
Ho  was  persuaded  by  Dr.  Wistar  to  give  the  results  of  his 
observations  to  the  world.  The  following  appeared  in 
Trans,  of  the  Hist,  and  Literary  Committee  of  the  Amer. 
Phil.  Soc,  Phila.,  vol.  i. : 

1.  An  Account  of  the  History,  Manners,  and  Customs 


IIEC 


HEL 


of  the  Indian  Nations  who  once  inhabited  Pennsylvania 
and  the  neighbuuring  States,  pp.  3a0.  This  was  trans, 
into  English  by  P.  S.  Duponeeau,  and  pub.  at  Paris,  1822, 
Svo,  pp.  571.  2.  Correspondence  bctwen  Mr.  Ileckwelder 
and  Mr.  Duponceau  on  the  Languages  of  the  American 
Indiaus,  pp.  100.  3.  Words,  Phrases,  and  Short  Dialogues 
in  the  Language  of  the  Lenni  Lennpe,  pp.  If>.  Mr.  Heck- 
welder  also  pub.  (4.)  A  Narrative  of  the  Mission  of  the 
United  Brethren  among  the  Delaware  and  Mohegan  In- 
dians, from  1740  to  ISOS,  interspersed  with  Anecdotes, 
Historical  Facts,  Speeches  of  Indians.  Ac,  1820,  4to; 
some  papers  in  Barton's  Medical  Journal;  and  several  on 
natural  history,  in  Trans.  Amer.  Soc,  vols,  iv.,  vi.,  and 
xii.  His  account  of  the  Indians  excited  considerable  at- 
tention, and  was  favourably  received  by  Nathan  Hale,  in 
the  North  American  Review,  ix.  155-178,  and  by  J.  Pick- 
ering, in  the  same  periodical,  ix.  17U-1S7  ;  it  was  unfavour- 
ably noticed,  with  the  admission  of  some  merits,  by  General 
Lewis  Cass,  in  the  same  journal,  xxii.  64;  xxvi.  357-403. 
It  was  also  attacked  by  John  Peuington,  an  intelligent 
antiquary  of  Philadelphia,  in  a  Beview  of  Yates  and 
Moulton's  History  of  New  York,  pub.  in  the  United  States 
Review,  January,  1834.  There  also  appeared  upon  this 
subject  A  Vindication  of  the  Rev.  Mr.  Ilcekwebler's  His- 
tory of  the  Indian  Nations,  by  Wm.  Rawle  ;  read  at  a 
Meeting  of  the  Council  of  the  Historical  Society  of  Penn- 
sylvania, Feb.  15,  1826.  Pub.  in  the  Memoirs  of  the  So- 
ciety, vol.  i.  Pt.  2,  This  paper  is  noticed  by  General  Cass 
in  his  article  in  N.  AnuT.  Rev.,  xxvi.  357-403.  As  a  spe- 
cimen of  the  decided  difference  of  opinion  respecting 
Heckwelder's  History  entertained  by  two  of  the  eminent 
authorities  above  cited,  two  brief  extracts  will  suffice: 

'■  The  work  abounds  iu  facts  and  anecdotes,  calculated  not 
merely  to  entertain  the  reader,  but  to  lay  open,  in  the  most  au- 
thentic aud  satisfactory  manner,  the  character  and  condition  of 
this  people.  There  is  uo  other  work  extant,  in  which  this  desifin 
has  been  so  extensively  adopted,  or  in  which  the  object  is  so  fully 
accomplished.  There  is  no  work  upon  the  North  American  In- 
dians which  can  bear  any  comparison  with  it  for  the  means  of 
o,)rrect  information  possessed  by  the  author,  or  for  the  copiousness 
of  its  details."— Nathan  Hale:'  N.Avier.  liev.,  ix.  17S. 
But  audi  alteram  partem  : 

"His  account  is  a  pure  unmixed  panegyric.  The  most  idle 
traditions  of  the  Indians  with  hiar  become  sober  history;  their 
superstition  is  religion ;  their  indolence,  philosophical  indifference 
or  pious  resignation  ;  their  astonishing  improvidence,  hospitality  ; 
and  many  other  defects  in  their  character  are  converted  into  the 
corresponding  virtues.  And  Mr.  Hawle  is  not  the  only  respectable 
writer  who  has  been  deceived  by  these  partial  representations. 
No  one  can  look  upon  the  passing  literature  of  the  day  without 
being  sensible  of  the  efTer-t  upon  the  public  mind  which  has  l>een 
produced  by  this  worthy  old  missionary." — General  Lewis  Cass: 
i\'.  Amf.r.  Bev..  xxvj.  3Lii'>-3fJ7. 

See  also  Amer.  Jour,  of  Science,  xxxi.  60  ;  and  the  Life 
of  Heckwelder.  liy  E.  Rondthaler.  Phila.,  1847,  12mo. 

Heckford,  Wm.  1.  Characters,  or,  Historical  Anec- 
dotes of  all  the  Kings  and  Queens  of  England,  Lon., 
1789,  12mo.  2.  Religions  and  Sects  in  the  World,  1792. 
Hedge,  Frederick  Henry,  D.D.,  b.  in  Cambridge, 
Mass.,  Dec.  5,  1805,  is  a  son  of  the  late  Professor  Levi 
Hedge,  of  Harvard  University.  From  1818  to  1823  he 
resided  in  Germany,  engaged  in  his  studies,  graduated  at 
Cambridge  in  1825.  and  was  ordained  in  IS29.  In  1835  he 
assumed  the  pastoral  charge  of  a  church  in  Bangor,  Maine. 
In  1850  he  became  pastor  of  the  Westminster  Church  in 
Providence,  Rhode  Island,  from  whence  in  1856  he  removed 
to  Brookline,  near  Boston.  In  1858  he  was  made  Professor 
of  Ecclesiast.  History  in  the  Theological  School  connected 
with  Harvard  University.  At  the  same  time  ho  assumed 
the  editorship  of  the  Christian  Examiner,  one  of  the  oldest 
of  American  periodicals.  Dr.  Hedge  is  distinguished  for  his 
intimate  knowledge  of  the  various  schools  of  philosophy, 
and  has  written  many  essays  upon  this  attractive  theme. 
He  has  pub.  numerous  articles  in  the  Christian  Examiner, 
ttc,  poetical  and  prose  contributions  to  annuals,  sermons, 
and  discourses,  and  the  following  valuable  work:  Prose 
Writers  of  Germany,  illustrated  with  Eight  Portraits, 
Phila.,  1848,  r.  Svo,  pp.  567.  In  this  hook  Dr.  Hedge  gives 
us  extracts  from  twenty-eight  authors,  from  Martin  Luther 
to  Chamisso.  The  selections  from  each  author  are  pre- 
ceded by  a  sketch  of  his  life,  character,  and  writings. 
The  value  of  this  compilation  may  be  judged  of  from  the 
following  commendation  of  an  eminent  authority  : 

"There  is  no  book  accessible  to  the  English  or  American  reader 
which  can  furnish  so  comprehensive  and  symmetrical  a  view  of 
German  literature  to  the  uninitiated;  and  those  already  conver- 
sant with  some  of  the  German  classics  will  find  here  valuable  and 
edifying  extracts  from  works  to  which  very  few  in  this  country 
can  gain  access." — A.  V.  Peabody:  JV.  Amer.  Rev..  Ixvii.  404-485. 

See  also  a  review  of  the  work,  by  Rev.  W.  11.  Furness, 
in  Chris,  Exam.,  and  one  by  D.  R.  Jac  ues,  in  Hunt's 


Mer.  Mag.,  xix.  41.  A  review  of  one  of  Dr.  Hedge's  Dis- 
courses, by  George  S.  Hillard,  will  be  found  in  Chris. 
Exam.,  xvii.  1G9. 

Dr.  Hedge  hns  also  given  to  the  world  A  Christian 
Liturgy  fur  the  Use  of  the  Church,  Bost.,  1856,  12mo. 

Hedge,  Levi,  1767-1843,  a  native  of  Warwick,  Mass., 
father  of  the  preceding,  was  from  1810  to  1827  Professor 
of  Logic  and  Metaphysics  in  Harvard  University.  A 
System  of  Logic,  1818,  18mo.  This  work  has  passed 
through  several  cds.,  and  been  trans,  into  German. 

Hedgecock,  Thomas.     Longitude,  1815.  fob 

Hedgelniid,  i>irs.  Isabella,  formerly  Mrs.  Kelly, 
pub.  several  novels  and  poems,  17'J5-1813  ;  a  Child's  French 
Grammar,  1805  ;  and  Literary  Information ;  consisting  of 
Anecdotes,  Explnniitions,  and  Derivations,  1811,  12mo. 

Hedges,  Sir  Charles,  LL.D.,  d.  1714.  Admiralty 
Jurisdiction,  &c.,  1692,  4to.  Anon. 

Hedges,  Uev.  John.  A  Descrip.  of  the  Storm, 
Aug.  1763,  Lon.,  1763,  4to. 

Hedges,  Phiueas.  Strictures  on  the  Elementa 
Medicinai  of  Brown,  Goshen,  1795,  12mo. 

liedlamb,  J,     Expos,  on  the  Romans,  1579,  Svo. 

Hedley,  >Vm.     Arithmetic,  &c.,  1779,  8vo. 

Hedly,  Thomas.  The  Banishment  of  Cupid.  Trans. 
out  of  Italian  into  English,  Lon.,  1587,  Svo.     Also  eine 

anno. 

Hcely,  Joseph.  1.  Letters  on  the  Beauties  of  Hag- 
ley,  Envil,  and  the  Leasowes,  Ac,  Lon.,  1777,  2  vols. 
12mo.     2.  Descrip.  of  Hagley  Park,  1777,  Svo. 

Hegge,  Robert,  1599-1629,  educated  at  Christ 
Church  College,  Oxford.  1.  The  Legend  of  St.  Cuthbert, 
with  the  Antiq.  of  the  Church  of  Durham ;  pub.  by  B.  R., 
Esq.,  Lon.,  1663,  Svo.  This  is  not  printed  correctly  from 
the  MS.  2.  In  Aliquot  Saerre  Paginas  Lectiones,  1647, 
Svo.  Pub.  by  John  Hall,  author  of  Horae  Vacivse,  *tc. 
Hegge  left  some  serms.,  verses,  &c.  in  MS. 

"  A  prodi^'y  of  his  time  for  forward  aud  good  natural  parts." — 
Athm.  Oxrm.,  q.v. 

HeighAvay,  Osborn  W,  Trenery.  1.  Leila  Ada, 
the  Jewish  Convert;  an  Authentic  Memoir,  2d  ed.,  Lon,, 
1852,  fp.  Svo.  2.  Select  Extracts  from  the  Diary,  Cor- 
respondence, kc.  of  Leila  Ada,  1854.  3.  Adeline:  or,  the 
Mysterious  Romance  and  Realities  of  Jewish  Life,  1854. 
See  Lon.  Athenjeum,  1S54,  652,  653.  4.  The  Relatives 
of  Leila  Ada,  1856.     Resp.  this  author  see  Athen.,  1857. 

Heiland,  Samuel.  Aristotelis  Ethica,  Lat.,  Lon., 
1581,  Svo;   Lips.,  1594.  Svo. 

Heine,  Wm.  Graphic  Scenes  in  the  Japan  Expedition, 
by  W.  Heine,  artist  of  the  Expedition,  N.  York,  1856.  Illus- 
trated. 

Hele,  Arthur,  Master  of  the  Free  School  in  Basing- 
stoke, Preb.  of  Wells,  d.  1778.  The  IV.  Gospels  Har- 
monized, Reading,  1759,  Svo. 

Hele,  Uichard,  master  of  the  school  belonging  to 
the  Church  of  Sarum.  Select  Offices  of  Private  Devotion, 
Lon.,  1717.  Svo.     New  and  improved  ed,.  1831,  Svo. 

Hele,  D'Hele,  or  Hales,  Thomas,  1740-1780  ?  a 
native  of  Gloucestershire,  a  soldier  in  the  English  army, 
after  the  peace  of  1763  resided  in  France,  and  compo.sed 
in  the  language  of  the  country  with  great  fluency  and  ele- 
gance. He  wrote  pieces  for  the  Italian  Comedy,  chiefly 
in  French,  among  which  are  :  1.  Le  Jugement  de  Midas; 
comedie,  1778.  This  refers  to  the  contest  between  the 
admirers  of  French  and  of  Italian  music.  It  was  much 
applauded.  2.  L'Amant  Jaloux,  1778.  3.  Les  Evene- 
ments  imprevus,  1779. 

"  Ses  trois  premieres  pieces,  imprim^es  separement,  font  partie 
du  ThWre  de  VOpira  Onnique,  lSll-12,  8  vol.  in  12.  On  trouve 
di^ns  la  O'rrtsp'nuhnice  de  Grimm,  (t.  iv.  'Je  partie.)  un  coute  de 
d'JIele,  Lp  Roman  de  man  oncle"—Biog.  Univer.,  q.  r. 

Hellier,  Henry,  D.D.  Sermon  on  Oaths,  Oson., 
1688.  4to. 

Hellins,  Rev.  John,  Cnrate  of  Constantine,  Corn- 
wall, and  Vicar  of  Potters-Bury,  Northamptonshire. 
1.  Mathomaticnl  Essays,  Lon.,  1788,  4to.  2,  Analytical 
Institutions,  trans,  by  C.  Colson,  Camb..  1802,  2  vols.  4to. 
3,  Mathemat.  and  astronom.  papers  in  Phil.  Trans.,  1780- 
1802. 

Hellowes  or  HellOAVS,  EdAvard,  Groom  of  the 
Leash.  1.  Trans,  of  Guevara's  Familiar  Epistles,  Lon., 
1574,  '77,  '84,  4to.  See  Fenton,  Sir  Geoffrey.  2.  Trans, 
of  Guevara's  Chronicle;  conteyning  the  Lives  of  tenne 
Emperours  of  Rome,  kc,  1577. 

Helme,  Mrs.  Elizabeth,  pub.  a  number  of  novels, 
historical,  educational,  and  other  works,  and  trans,  several 
histories  iuto  English,  Lon.,  1787-1S16,  See  Watt's  Bibl. 
Brit. 

Helme,  J.     Methodist  Preaching,  Lon.,  1762,  Svo. 

817 


HEL 

Ilclme,  yVm.  Henry  Stukely;  a  Nov.,  Lon.,  1794, 
3  vols.  12nio. 

Helmore,  Rev.  Thomas.  1.  A  Manual  of  Plain 
Song,  Lon.,  1850,  12mo.  2.  The  Psalter  Noted,  1850,  Ip. 
8vo;  adapted  to  the  P.  Epis.  Church  of  the  U.  S.  by  lU-v. 
E.  M.  Pecke,  N.  York,  1856,  ISmo.  3.  Carols  for  Easter- 
tide, Lon.,  1855,  12mo. 

Helmsworth,  Richard.     See  Hemsworth. 

Helmiith,  Just.  II.,  D.D.,  pastor  of  the  Lutheran 
Church,  Phila.  1.  Taufc  und  Ileilige  Schrift,  Germantown, 
1793,  8vo.  2.  Untcrhaltungen  mit  Gott,  8vo,  pp.  180.  3. 
Geistliche  Lieder,  12nio.     4.  Numerous  works  for  children. 

Helmuth,  William  T.  Surgery,  and  its  Adaptation 
to  Homoeopathio  Practice,  Phila..  1S55,  pp.  652. 

Helper,  Hiiiton  Rowau,  of  North  Carolina.  The 
Impending  Crisis  of  the  South.  N.Y.,  1857,  12mo.     This 


HEM 

Pul'lin.  After  his  death  was  puh.  A  Course  of  Lects.  in 
Natural  Philosophy,  edited  by  Bryan  Robinson,  M.D., 
Lon..  1739,  '43,  8vo.     Frequently  reprinted. 

"Contiiins  mauy  useful  obser\ations,  especially  with  regard  to 
1  vision,  ic." — Ua.  Watt  :  liibl.  Brit. 

■  Helwys,  Thomas.  1.  God's  Decree,  1611,  8vo. 
2.  Now  Fryelers,  1611,  8vo.  3.  Congregations  in  the 
Low  Countries,  1611,  8vo.  i.  Mystery  of  Iniquity,  1612, 
8vo. 

Hely,  Rev.  James.  Ogygia;  or,  a  Chronological 
Account  of  Irish  Events;  from  the  Latin  of  Roderio 
O'Flagherty,  Dubl.,  1793.  2  vols.  8v.i. 

Hemaiis,  Mrs.  Felicia  Dorothea,  1794-1835,  a 
native  of  Liverpool,  where  her  father  was  a  merchant,  may 
almost  be  said  to  have  "lisped  in  numbers,"  and  printed 
a  volume  of  pooms — "  Early  Blossoms" — before  she  was 
fifteen    years    of   age.       Doubtless    the  wild    scenery  of 


work  was  favourably  reviewed  in  the  N.  Y.  Tribune,  in  an  [  Grwych,  in  North  Wales,  where  the  youthful  poetess  re- 


article  of  over  seven  columns  in  length. 

Helps,  Rev.  Arthur,  of  the  University  of  Oxford, 
one  of  the  most  popular  writers  of  the  d.ay.  1.  Thoughts 
in  the  Cloister  and  the  Crowd,  Lon.,  1835,  12mo.  See 
Dubl.  Univ.  Mag.,  x.xiii.  20.  2.  Essays  written  in  the  In- 
tervals of  Business,  1841,  8vo ;  7th  ed.,  1853,  12mo. 

"  These  essays  seem  to  be  written  for  no  definite  purpose;  they 
have  the  air  of  tlieuies  very  carefully  composed  out  of  pure  love, 
and  for  the  piactice,  of  composilion.  .  .  .  Mr.  Helps  has  written 
and  thought  in  so  much  more  effective  manner  since  their  publica- 
tion, that  he  would  probably  now  agi-ee  with  us  that  many  of 


sided  from  her  ninth  to  her  si.vteenth  year,  had  a  stimu- 
lating effect  upon  that  love  of  nature  which  was  one  of 
the  strongest  characteristics  of  her  mind.  A  year  after 
the  publication  of  this  book,  unfortunately  for  her  future 
happiness,  she  met  with  Captain  Hemans,  of  the  Fourth 
Regiment,  to  whom,  after  an  attachment  of  three  years, 
during  which  the  captain  was  on  duty  in  the  Peninsula, 
she  was  married  in  1812.  Soldiers  arc  proverbially  sus- 
ceptible to  the  charms  of  feminine  beauty;  and,  when  we 
read  her  sister's  graphic  description  of  the  young  poetess 


them  should  have  been  treated  as  college  exercises,— theme.s  that  '  as  she  appeared  when  she  iirst  attracted  the  gaze  ot  her 
""     "  ■  '  "  warlike  admirer,  we  are  not  surprised  that  he  became  at 


we  turn  info  .Tdhiisimian  Enjj;lish,  or  Ciceronian  Latin,  and  there 
leave."— 7j7ar/,u'<"»/'.s  Af.iff.,  Oct.  1851.  I 

3.  King  IJecry  II.;  an  Historical  Drama,  1843,  sra.  Svo;  I 
2d  ed.,  1845,  fp.  8vo.  4.  Catherine  Douglass;  a  Tragedy,  ' 
1843,  sm.  Svo. 

"The  extracts  which  we  have  piven  from  this  poem  afTord  evi- 
dence of  very  high  taU-uts,  not  alone,  or  even  chiefly,  lor  dramatic 
poetry.  AVe  remembL-r  no  first  poem  of  equal  powers.  On  our 
author  him.self  alto^^ether  depeuds  his  ultimate  success.  No  one 
effort.  howL'ver  brilliant,  could  secure  this.  Like  success  in  most 
other  pursuits,  it  ivj aires  many  sacrifices, — nay,  the  devotion  of  a 
life."'— />«W.  Uiiir.  M'"/.,  xxiii.  19-36. 

5.  The  Claims  of  Labour,  1844. 

"  This  is  a  thouj^htful,  well-considered,  and  thoroughly  earnest 
hook.  It  probal'ly  will  do  much  n;ood.  for  we  know  no  wiiter  who 
80  fastens  on  the  thoutrlits  of  his  readers  a  painful  and  oppressive 
sense  of  the  responsibility  under  which — whether  we  act  or  for- 
bear from  acting — we  tind  ourselves  placed  with  respect  to  those  in 
any  relation  of  dependence  of  us." — Dubl.  Univ.  Mtig.,  xxv.  45-57. 

See  also  Westmiuster  Rev.,  vol.  sliii.;  Eclec.  Mag.,  v. 
491;  Blaekw.  Mag.,  Oct.  1S51. 

6.  Friends  in  Council;  a  Series  of  Readings  and  Dis- 
courses thereon,  1S47,  cr.  Svo;  6th  ed.,  1S54,  2  vols.  fp.  Svo. 

"  Has  more  of  orij;inal  matter  than  either  of  its  predecessors; 
and  the  device  adoptt-d  of  interposing  fictitious  conversatiou  with 
the  essays  gives  relief  and  variety  to  the  composition."— £iacfc- 
wooiVs  Mag.,  Oct.  1861. 

"A  more  pleasant  book  we  have  seldom  read.  .  .  .  Taken  all  in 
all,  he  is  a  subtle  thinker  and  an  accomplished  writer;  but,  be- 
yond his  intellectual  qualities,  he  gives  you  no  glimpse  of  him- 
self."—£riY.  Quar.  Bev.,  vi.  134-155. 

See  Beutley's  Miscell. ;  Fraser's  Mag.,  xl.  636;  and  a 
highly  commendatory  notice  in  Ruskin's  Stones  of  Venice. 

7.  Companions  of  my  Solitude,  1851,  12mo;  4th  ed., 
1854,  fp. 

"It  is  altogether  a  thoughtful  book,  full  of  wisdom  as  well  as 
of  gentleness  and  beauty.  There  is  scarcely  a  oage  in  the  volume 
from  which  we  might  not  extr.act  some  truth,  no  matter  how  old 
it  may  be.  made  fresh  by  the  manner  in  which  it  is  presented. 
The  pl.iy  of  fiincy  and  of  humour,  too.  that  mingles  everywhere 
with  the  deep  philosophy  and  the  moral  fervour,  is  often  exqui- 
site."— Eckc.  Jicv.,  4th  ijer.,  xxx.  2S4.  Same  article  in  Living  Age, 
xxxi.  174. 

"In  our  opinion  the  far  most  interesting  of  all  Mr.  Ilelps's 
essays.  .  .  .  We  must  now  bid  adieu  to  Mr.  H.lfi-;,  aL';iin  express- 
ing our  hope  that  he  will  give  us  more  of  th-s.-  lbuuL;bts.  which 
we  promise  him  shall  be  the  ■  Companions  o(  our  Solitude'  as  well 
as  of  his  own." — Blackwood's  Mag.,  Oct.  1851. 

8.  Conquerors  of  the  New  World  and  their  Bondsmen, 
2  vols.  p.  Svo:  i.,  1848;  ii.,  1852.  See  Lon.  AthenaBum, 
Nos.  1088,  1289.  9.  History  of  the  Spanish  Conquest  of 
America,  1855,  vols.  i.  and  ii.  8vo.  See  Lon.  Athenaeum, 
No.  1447,  vol.  iii.,  1857.  As  an  essayist,  Mr.  Helps  occu- 
pies a  high  rank;  and  the  cordial  eulogium  of  Mr.  Ruskin 
will  be  heartily  endorsed  by  many  readers  both  at  homo 
and  abroad  : 

'•A  true  thinker,  who  has  practical  purpose  in  his  thinking,  and 
IB  sincere,  as  I'lato.  or  Carlyle,  or  Helps,  becomes  in  some  sort  a 
seer,  and  must  be  always  of  infinite  use  to  his  generation."— J/«/. 
Pauilers,  vol.  iii.  p.  2CS.  Lon.,  1856. 

"There  are  things  which  I  hope  are  said  more  clearly  and  simply 
than  before^  owing  to  the  influence  upon  nu- of  the  beautiful  quiet 
English  of  Helps."' — Modern  Painters,  vol.  iii.,  App, 

Helsham,  Henry.     Con.  to  Med.  Cum.,  1788. 
Helsham,  Kioliard,  d.  1738,  a  friend  of  Swift,  was 
Professor    of    Physic   and   Nat.  Philos.   in   the   Univ.  of 
818 


once  a  wooer : 

"The  mantling  bloom  of  her  cheeks  was  shaded  by  a  profusion 
of  natural  ringlets,  of  a  rich  golden  brown;  and  the  ever-varying 
expression  of  her  brilliant  eyes  gave  a  changeful  play  to  her  coun- 
tenance, which  would  have  made  it  impossible  for  a  painter  to  do 
justice  to  it.' — Memoir  of  Mrs.  Hemans,  by  her  sister. 

Alas,  that  one  so  lovely,  so  loving,  and  so  formed  to  be  be- 
loved, should  have  had  occasion,  for  seventeen  years — from 
the  sixth  year  of  her  marriage  until  her  death,  in  1835,  she 
never  saw  her  husband's  face — bitterly  to  *'  bewail  that  wor- 
ship" which  had  been  the  brightest  dream  of  her  young  and 
confiding  heart !  In  1818  Capt.  Hemans  removed  to  Italy, 
avowedly  for  the  benefit  of  his  health,  leaving  to  his  wife 
the  responsibility  connected  with  the  education  of  their 
five  sons,  and — as  we  have  seen — never  returning  to  Eng- 
land to  demand  an  account  of  her  stewardship.  Mrs. 
Hemans  took  up  her  residence  with  her  mother  and  sister. 
Miss  Mary  Anne  Browne,  afterwards  Mrs.  Gray,  and  de- 
voted such  time  as  she  could  spare  to  the  cultivation  of  her 
poetical  talents.  In  1828  she  met  with  a  severe  afflictioa 
in  the  loss  of  her  mother,  and  in  conseijuence  of  this  event 
removed  to  "Wavertree,  near  Liverpool.  In  tlie  next  year 
she  visited  Scotland,  where  she  met  with  a  cordial  greeting 
from  Sir  Walter  Scott,  Jeffrey,  and  the  other  literary  stars 
of  Edinburgh  and  its  vicinity.  In  1830  she  paid  a  visit 
to  the  lakes  of  Westmoreland  and  the  poet  Wordsworth; 
and,  on  leaving  this  attractive  spot,  she  determined  to  settle 
at  Dublin,  where  her  brother,  Major  Browne,  resided.  In 
this  city  she  remained,  the  olyect  of  devoted  affection  in 
the  social  circle,  until  her  death  in  1835,  after  a  painful 
and  protracted  indisposition. 

Works: — 1.  Early  Blossoms  of  Spring:  Poems  written 
between  the  age  of  8  and  15  years,  1808.  2.  England  and 
Spain  ;  or,  Valourand  Patriotism;  a  Poem,  1S08.  3.  The  Do- 
mestic Affections,  1812.  4.  Restoration  of  the  Works  of  Art 
to  Italy,  1817.  5.  Modern  Greece,  1817.  6.  Meeting  of 
Wallace  and  Bruce,  1819.  7.  Tales  and  Historic  Scenes. 
8.  Vespers  of  Palermo,  1823.  9.  The  Sceptic,  1820.  10. 
Dartmoor,  1821.  11.  Welsh  Melodies.  1822.  12.  Siege 
of  Valencia,  and  the  Last  Constantinc,  1823.  13.  The 
Forest  Sanctuary,  1826.  14.  Records  of  Woman,  1828. 
15.  Songs  of  the  Aflftctions.  1830.  16.  National  Lyrics, 
1834.  17.  Hymns  for  Childhood,  1834.  18.  Scenes  and 
Hymns  of  Life,  1S34.  19.  Poetical  Remains,  with  Me- 
moir, 1836. 

Collective  ed.  of  her  Works,  with  a  Memoir  of  her  Life 
by  her  Sister,  1839,  7  vols.  12mo.  Again,  1850,  6  vols. 
12mo.  Works,  chronologically  arranged,  1848,  1  vol.  r. 
Svo.  In  America  Mrs.  Heinans's  poems  are  very  popular, 
and  many  eds.  of  her  works  have  been  issued,  with  Me- 
moirs and  critical  notices,  by  Mrs.  Sigourney,  Mr.  Thatcher, 
Andrews  Norton,  H.  T.  Tuckerman.  &g.  For  particulars 
respecting  the  life  and  works  of  this  truly  lovely  woman 
and  gifted  writer,  the  reader  must  refer  to  the  Memoir  by 
her  sister;  Memorials  of  Mrs.  Hemans,  by  II.  F.  Chorley, 
1836,  2  vols.  sm.  Svo;  Mrs.  Elwood's  Literary  Ladies  of 
England;  Howitt's  Homes  of  the  Poets;  Miss  Jewsbury's 
Three  Histories,  where  Mrs.  Hemans  is  delineated  in  the 
portrait  of  Egcrla.     Much  excellent  criticism  ou  her  writ- 


HEM 


HEM 


ings  will  be  found  in  several  of  the  sources  indicated  below, 
from  some  of  which  we  proceed  to  give  brief  citations: 

"  We  think  the  poetry  of  Mrs.  Heniaus  a  tine  exeajplification 
of  Femalb  I'oetry;  aud  we  think  it  has  much  of  the  perfection 
■R'hicb  we  h;ive  ventured  to  ascribe  to  the  happier  productions  of 
female  genius. 

"  It  may  not  he  the  best  imaginable  poetry,  and  may  not  indi- 
cate the  very  highest  or  most  commanding  genius ;  but  it  embraces 
a  great  deal  of  that  which  gives  the  very  best  poetry  its  chief 
power  of  pleasing;  aud  would  strike  us,  perhaps,  as  more  impas- 
eiuned  and  exalted,  if  it  were  not  regulated  and  harmonized  by  the 
most  beautiful  taste.  It  is  infinitely  sweet,  elegant,  and  tender, — 
touching,  perhaps,  and  contemplative,  rather  than  vehement  and 
overpowering;  and  not  only  finished  throughout  with  an  exquisite 
delicacy  and  even  serenity  of  execution,  but  informed  with  a  purity 
and  loftiness  of  feeling,  and  a  certain  sober  and  humble  tone  of 
indulgence  and  piety,  which  must  satisfy  those  who  are  most  afraid 
of  the  passionate  exaggerations  of  poetry.  The  diction  is  always 
beautiful,  harmonious,  and  free;  aud  the  themes,  though  of  infi- 
nite variety,  uniformly  treated  witli  a  grace,  originality,  and  judg- 
ment, which  mark  the  master-hand.  .  .  .  We  do  not  hesitate  to 
say  that  she  is,  beyond  all  comparison,  the  most  touchiug  and 
accomplished  writer  of  occasional  verses  that  our  literature  has 
yet  to  boast  of." — Lord  Jeffhet  :  Ikim.  Rev.,  1.  32-47. 

"The  genius  of  woman  at  this  period  produced  a  rival  to  Cole- 
ridge, if  not  iu  depth  of  thought,  at  least  in  tenderness  of  feeling 
and  beauty  of  expi-ession.  Mrs.  Hemans  was  imbued  with  the 
very  soul  of  lyric  poetry ;  she  only  required  to  have  written  a  little 
less  to  have  been  one  of  the  greatest  in  that  branch  that  England 
ever  produced.  .  .  .  Melancholy  had  marked  her  for  its  own ;  she 
■was  deeply  impressed  with  the  woes  of  life ;  and  it  is  in  the  working 
up  mournful  retiections  and  images  with  the  utmost  tenderness 
and  pathos  that  her  great  excellence  consists.  There  she  is,  per- 
haps, unrivalled  in  the  Knglish  language." — Sm  Archibald  Alison  : 
Hist,  of  Europe,  1815-52,  chap.  v. 

"As  a  woman,  I  felt  proud  of  the  homage  he  [Lord  Byron]  paid 
to  the  genius  of  Mrs.  Ilemans,  and  as  a  passionate  admirer  of  her 
poetry,  Ifeltflatteredatfiudingthat  Lord  Byron  fully  sympathized 
with  my  admiration."— Counters  of  Blessing  to  it's  Conversations  icith 
Lord  Byr(m. 

"  Mrs.  Sigourney,  as  her  letters  will  show,  was  well  aware  of  Lady 
Blessington's  admiration  for  the  writings  of  Mrs.  Ilemans.  That 
lady  was  never  spoken  of  by  her  except  in  terms  of  the  highest 
praise;  and  her  admiration  of  the  poetry  of  Mrs.  Hemans  was  no 
less  enthusiastic  than  just  aud  discriminating.  In  one  of  her  works 
she  says,  'The  exquisite  poems  of  Mrs,  Ilemiinsaflect  one  like  sacred 
music;  they  never  fail  to  excite  solemn  feelings  of  an  elevated 
and  spiritual  character,  and  sentiments  of  a  pensive  caste,  of  calm 
resignation  and  serenity.' " — Maddens  Life,  and  Corresp.  of  the 
Chuntess  of  Blessington,  vol.  ii. 

There  can  be  no  more  proper  occasion  than  the  present 
for  the  introduction  of  Mrs.  Sigouruey's  beautiful  tribute 
to  Mrs.  Hemans : 

"  Every  unborn  age 
Shall  mix  thee  with  its  household  charities: 
The  hoary  sire  shall  bow  his  deafened  ear, 
And  greet  thy  sweet  words  with  his  benison; 
The  mother  shrine  thee  as  a  vestal  flame 
In  the  lone  temple  of  her  sanctity; 
And  the  young  child  who  takes  thee  by  the  hand 
Shall  travel  with  a  surer  step  to  heaven." 
The  heart-felt  offering  of  our  friend,  the  Shepherd,  must 
not  be  forgotten  in  our  register  of  tributes: 

" '  It's  no'  in  that  woman's  power,  sir.  to  write  ill ;  for,  when  a 
feeling  heart  and  a  fine  genixis  forgather  in  the  bosom  o'  a  young 
matron,  every  line  o'  poetry  is  like  a  sad  or  cheerful  smile  frae  her 
een,  and  every  poem,  whatever  be  the  subject,  in  ae  sense  a  picture 
o'  hersell — sae  that  a'  she  wiites  has  an  affectin'  and  an  endearin' 
mainnerism  and  moralism  about  it,  that  inspires  the  thochtfu' 
reader  to  say  in  to  himsell — That's  Mrs.  Ilemans.' 

"iYu;-£/i. — '  From  very  infancy  Felicia  Dorothea  was  beloved  by 
the  Muses.  I  remember  patting  her  fair  head  when  she  was  a 
child  of  nine  years  and  versified  even  then  with  a  touching 
sweetness  about  sylphs  and  fairies.'  '*— Nodes  Ambrosiance,  Nov. 
1828. 

"Felicia  Hemans  is  the  authoress  of  many  a  plaintive  and 
mournful  strain.  She  has  shown  high  sentiment  and  heroic  feel- 
ings occasionally,  but  her  affections  are  with  the  gentle,  the  meek, 
and  the  wounded  in  spirit. .  . .  Her  genius  is  of  the  domestic  kind, 
and  her  best  songs  are  rightly  named  of  the  Affections."— Allan 
Cunningham  :  Biag.  and  Crit.  Hist,  of  the  Lit.  of  the  Last  Fifty 
Tears. 

"  By  far  the  most  popular  of  our  poetesses,  alike  at  home  and 
heyond  the  Atlantic  ;  nor  do  I  say  undeservedly.  ...  In  her  poetry, 
religious  truth,  moral  purity,  and  intellectual  beauty  ever  meet 
together ;  and  assuredly  it  is  not  less  calculated  to  refine  the  taste 
and  exalt  the  imagination  because  it  addresses  itself  almost  ex- 
clusively to  the  better  feelings  of  our  nature.  Over  all  her  pictures 
of  humanity  are  spread  the  glory  aud  the  grace  reflected  from  vir- 
tuous purity,  delicacy  of  perception  and  conception,  sublimity  of 
religious  faith,  home-bred  delights,  and  the  generous,  expansive 
ardour  of  patriotism  ;  while,  turning  from  the  dark  and  degraded, 
whether  in  subjectorsentiment.  she  seeks  out  those  verdant  oases 
in  the  desert  of  human  life  on  which  the  affections  may  most 
pleasantly  rest.  Her  poetry  is  intensely  and  entirely  feminine; 
and,  in  my  estimation,  this  is  the  highest  praise  which,  iu  one 
point  of  view,  could  be  awarded  it.  It  could  have  been  written 
by  a  woman  only.  .  .  .  Mrs.  Hemans.  above  all  female  writers,  was 
distinguished  for  her  rich  tones,  the  voice  at  once  sweet  and  full, 
that  carried  them  to  the  heart,  awakening  the  feelings  as  well  as 
the  imagination."— D.  M.  Mom  :  Poet.  Lit.  of  the  Past  Half-Century. 
"From  the  hour  of  Mrs.  Ilemans's  acquaintance  with  the  Ger- 
man literature,  you  perceive  that  she  had  discovered  her  own 
forte,  and  a  new  life  of  tenderness  aud  feeling  was  manifest  in  all 


she  wrote.  She  hecame  an  almost  constant  writer  in  Blackwood's 
and,Colburn's  Magazines.  Schiller,  Goethe.  Korner,  and  Tieck — ■ 
how  sensibly  is  the  influence  of  their  spirit  felt  in  The  Forest 
Sanctuary!  how  different  was  the  tone  of  this  to  all  which  had 
gone  before  I  The  cold,  classical  model  was  abandoned ;  the  heart 
and  the  fiincy  spoke  out  in  every  line,  warm,  free,  solemn,  and 
tenderly  thoughtful." — HowiU's  Homes  and  Haunts  of  the  Most 
Eminent  British  Poets. 

"  Many  fragments  of  poems  and  plans  of  works  never  completed 
remain  to  attest  the  eagerness  with  which  her  mind  was  busying 
itself  in  the  reproduction  of  the  thoughts  aud  images  of  beauty 
which  she  could  not  refiain  from  storing  up." — Henry  F.  Choblet  ; 
The  Jitthors  of  England. 

"  Had  her  writings  been  merely  harmless,  we  should  not  have 
entered  into  an  analysis  of  them;  but  the  moral  charm  which  ia 
spread  over  them  is  so  peculiar,  so  full  of  nature  and  truth  and 
deep  feeling,  that  her  productions  claim  at  ouce  the  praise  of  ex- 
qnisite  purity  and  poetic  excellence.  She  adds  the  dign-ty  cf  her 
sex  to  a  high  sense  of  the  duties  of  a  poet ;  she  writes  with  buoy- 
ancy, yet  with  earnestness;  her  poems  bear  the  impress  of  a  cha- 
racter worthy  of  admiration.  In  the  pursuit  of  literary  renown 
she  never  forgets  what  is  due  to  feminine  reserve.  We  perceive  a 
mind  endowed  with  powers  to  aspire,  and  are  still  further  pleased 
to  find  no  unsatisfied  cravings,  no  passionate  pursuit  of  remote 
objects,  but  high  endowments,  graced  by  contentment." — Geoege 
Bancroft,  the  hislfirian  :  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  xxiv.  443-463. 

"  Her  inspiration  .always  pauses  at  the  feminine  point.  It  never 
'oversteps  the  modesty  of  nature'  nor  the  dignity  and  decorum 
of  womanhood.  She  is  no  sibyl  tossed  to  and  fro  in  the  tempest 
of  furious  excitement,  but  ever  the  calm  mistress  of  the  highest 
and  stormiest  of  her  emotions.  The  finest  compliment  we  can 
pay  her,  perhaps  the  finest  compliment  that  it  is  possible  to  pay  a 
woman  as  a  moral  being,  is  to  compare  hei-  to  '  one  of  Shakspere's 
women,'  and  to  say.  had  Imogen  or  Isabella  or  Cornelia  become 
an  author,  she  had  so  written." — GUfUlan's  Second  Gallery  of  Lite- 
rary Portraits. 

"She  seldom  reached  the  sublime;  but  her  thought  was  often 
profound,  and  her  nice  analysis  of  the  best  affections,  her  delicate 
perception  of  the  minute  circumstances  that  awaken  and  guide 
the  sensibilities,  the  readiness  with  which  she  seized  upon  the 
Doble,  the  picture.'^que.  the  graceful,  and  the  tender,  designate  her 
above  every  English  writer  but  one  as  the  '  poet  of  the  heart.' " — 
George  W.  Bethune,  B.D.:  British  Female  Poets. 

Mrs.  Grant  of  Laggan  seems  to  have  experienced  the 
"  embarras  de  richesses"  in  perusing  the  poetry  of  this 
popular  author,  for  she  tells  a  correspondent — 

"  I  am  quite  of  your  opinion  as  to  the  too  uniform  splendour 
of  Felicia  Hemans.  She  keeps  us  hovering  constantly  on  the 
wing,  like  birds  of  paradise,  for  want  of  a  perch  to  repose  upon." — 
Mrs.  Grajifs  Memoirs  and  Corresp.,  ed.  1844,  vol.  il.  143. 

Yet  Mrs.  Grant,  when  writing  to  Mrs.  Hemans  herself, 

remarks,  when  referring  to  Shenstone's  lonely  existence: 

"How  very  different  is  your  case!     Praised  by  all  that  read 

you — loved  by  all  that  praise  you — and  known  in  some  degree 

wherever  our  language  is  spoken." 

But  here  we  must  conclude  our  quotations,  not  from 
lack  of  matter,  but  want  of  space.  The  reader,  however, 
who  desires  to  pursue  the  subject  will  find  abundant 
materials  for  the  purpose  in  the  following  articles:  1. 
Lon.  Quar.  Rev.,  xxiv.  130.  2.  Lnn.  Month.  Eev.,  cii. 
177.  3.  Lon.  Month.  Rev.,  cii.  425.  4.  Blackwood's 
Mag.,  i.  517.  5.  Blackwood's  Mag.,  Ixiv.  641.  6.  Edin. 
Month.  Rev.,  iii.  373.  7.  Dublin  Univ.  Mag.,  x.  123. 
8.  Fraser's  Mag.,  xsi.  127.  9.  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  xliv. 
265.  10.  By  L.  J.  Park,  Chris.  Exam.,  iii.  403.  11.  Chris. 
Exam.,  vi.  35.  12.  By  Andrews  Norton,  six.  32S.  13. 
By  Andrews  Norton,  Chris.  Exam.,  xxvii.  370.  14.  Amer. 
Qiiar.  Rev.,  i.  153.  15.  Amer.  Quar.  Rev.,  sxi.  257.  16, 
Chris.  Rev.,  ii.  356.  17.  Chris.  Rev.,  v.  23.  18.  South. 
Lit.  Mess.,  ii.  611.  19.  South.  Lit.  Mess.,  ii.  722.  20. 
South.  Lit.  Mess.,  vii.  380.  21.  N.  York  Rev.,  i.  199. 
22.  U.  S.  Lit.  Gaz.,  v.  401.     23.  Eclee.  Mag.,  xi.  420. 

Hemery  and  Dumaresq.  Mode  of  Proceeding  and 
Trial  in  Royal  Ct.  of  Jersey,  Jersey,  1789,  4to. 

Hemiiig,  an  Engli.?h  monk,  flourished  1095.  Vita 
Ulstani,  in  Wharton's  Anglia  Sacra,  i.  467. 

Hemiiig,  Edward.  The  New  Lights,  Lon.,  1689,  4to. 

Hemiiig,  or  Ilemmiug,  S,  1.  Themes  of  Admira- 
tion ;  a  Poem,  1813,  sm.  8vo.  2.  Colonization  of  the 
Earth,  and  the  Origin  of  Nations,  Oxon.,  1817,  8vo. 

Hemiiig,  Thomas.  Scripture  Geography,  with 
Maps,  Lon.,  1818.  r.  4to.     See  Lowndes's  Brit.  Lib.,  347. 

Hemiligs,  William,  a  son  of  John  Hemings  the 
actor.  1.  Fatal  Contract;  a  Trag.,  Lon.,  1653,  '61,  4to. 
2.  The  Jew's  Tragedy,  1662,  4to.  3.  The  Eunuch  ;  a  Trag., 
1687,  4to.  This  is  No.  2,  with  a  new  title.  His  first  piece 
— The  Hare;  or,  The  Mad-Cap — was  never  printed.  See 
Biog.  Dramat. 

Hemingus,  or  Hemmingus,  Monachus  Wi- 
goruieiisis.  Chartularium  Ecclesiai  Wigorniensis : 
edente  Tho.  Hcarne,  Oxon.,  1723,  2  vols.  8vo. 

IlemmeiiAvay,  Moses,  D.D.,  d.  1811,  aged  about  75, 
a  minister  of  Wells,  Maine,  pub.  several  serms.,  (fcc,  1767- 
95. 

Hemming,  John,  M.D.  Mineral  Waters  of  Gluu- 
cefeter,  Lon.,  1789,  8vo. 

8l» 


HEM 

Ilemmingford,  Walter  de,  Canon  of  Gislorough 
Ab)>By,  Yorkshire,  wrote  a  History  of  England  from  1066 
to  1308.  Gale  first  pub.  it  in  his  Veteres  Scriptores,  ii. 
153,  1687,  and  Hearne  edited  it  under  the  title  of  Historia 
de  Rebus  gestis  Edvardi  I.,  Edvardi  II.,  and  Edvardi  III., 
0.\on.,  1731,  2  vols.  8vo;  150  copies  printed  at  £1  Is.  each: 
now  rare  and  valuable.  See  Gale,  ul>i  supra;  Bishop 
Kicolson's  Eug.  Hist.  Lib.;  Brit.  Bibliographer,  ii.  72. 

"Tliis  work  is  written  with  great  cire  and  exactnesB,  and  in  a 
style  good  enough  considering  the  time." 

Henipel,  Charles  Julius,  M.D.,  a  native  of  Prussia, 
studied  for  five  years  in  Paris,  emigrated  to  the  U.  States 
in  1835,  and  graduated  at  the  University  of  N.  York,  and 
practised  medicine  in  that  city  for  several  years;  appointed 
to  the  chair  of  Materia  Medica  and  Therapeutics  in  Homoeo- 
pathic Medical  College  of  Pennsylvania.  (Philadelphia,)  in 
1857.  1.  Grammar  of  the  German  Language,  New  Y'ork, 
1842,  2  vols.  12mo.  2.  Materia  Medica  Pura,  by  Dr.  S. 
Hahnemann ;  trans,  by  C.  J.  H.,  1846,  4  vols.  8vo.  3.  The- 
rapeutic Pocket-Book,  by  Dr. C.  Von  Bocnninghausen  ;  edited 
by  C.  J.  II.,  Bost.,  1849,  8vo.  4.  Organon  of  the  Specific 
Healing  Art  of  Homeopathy,  by  Dr.  (i.  L.  Rau;  edited  by 
C.  J.  H.,  N.  York,  184',),  8vo.  5.  New  Manual  of  the  Ho- 
moeopathic Materia  Medica,  by  Jahr  and  Possart;  4th  ed., 
trans,  and  edited  by  C.  J.  11.,  1849,  cr.  8vo.  6.  Treat, 
on  the  Use  of  Arnica.  1S49,  Svo.  7.  New  Homoeop.athic 
Pharmacopceia  and  Nosology;  compiled  and  trans,  by  C. 
J.  H.,  1850,  Svo.  8.  Homoeopathic  Domestic  Physician, 
1850,  Svo.  9.  Therapeutics;  or.  .Successful  Homoeopathic 
Cures;  trans,  and  edited  by  C.  J.  H.,  1850,  Svo.  10.  New 
Manual :  originally  published  under  the  name  of  Sympto- 
men-Codex,  by  Dr.  G.  H.  G.  Jahr:  trans,  with  addits.  by 
C.  J.  H.,  assisted  by  J.  M.  Quin,  M.D.,  Ac,  2  vols.  Svo. 
The  third  vol.  is  issued  as  a  separate  work,  under  the  title 
of  Complete  Repertory  of  Homttopathic  Materia  Medica,  by 
C.  J.  H.,  1853,  Svo,  pp.  1224.  11.  Organon  of  Specific 
Homoeopathy,  Phila.,  1854,  Svo.  12.  Materia  Medica.  l)y 
Dr.  B.  Mure;  trans,  by  C.  J.  H.,  1854.  cr.  Svo.  13.  The 
HomcEopathio  Materia  Medica,  by  A.Teste ;  trans,  and  edited 
by  C.  J.  H.,  N.  York,  1865,  Svo.  14.  With  Jiicob  Beakley, 
M.D..  Manu.al  of  Homwop.  Theory  and  Practice,  1858,  Svo. 
Hempstead,  Samuel  H.,Cuuusellor-at-Law,  Little 
Rock,  Arkansas.  Arkans.  Rcports.lS20-56,  Bost.,  1856,  Svo. 
Hemsworth,  Richard,  of  the  Middle  Temple.  A 
Key  to  the  Law;  or.  An  Introd.  to  Legal  Knowledge,  1765, 
Svo. 

Henchman,  Humphrey,  Bishop  of  Salisbury,  1660  ; 
trans,  to  London,  1663.  Diatriba  Pra-liminaris  H.  Ham- 
mondi  Tract,  de  Confirmatione  prffifixa,  0.xon.,  1661. 
Henchman,  Richard,  D.D.  Serms.,  1661,  both  4to. 
Henck,  John  B.,  Civil  Engineer,  b.  1815.  at  Phiba- 
delphia.  gr.ad.  at  Harvard  University,  1840.  Field-Book 
for  Rail-Road  Engineers;  containing  formula;  for  laying 
down  curves,  ^c. 

''A  most  judicious  combination  of  theory  and  practice.  The 
scientific  treatise  and  the  fleld-book  are  united  without  detriment 
to  either.  '—TV.  Amev.  htv.,  Ixxix.  253-264. 

Henderick,  Rev.  George.  Address  to  the  Abp. 
of  Canterbury  on  the  Propriety  of  Sunday  Evening  Lec- 
tures. 18118.  4to. 

Henderson,  Mrs.  1.  Scrip.  Lessons  on  the  Hist,  of 
our  Lord,  Lon.  2.  Scrip.  Lessons  on  the  Acts  of  the  Apos- 
tles. 1847,  2  vols.  ISmo:  1850,  1  vol.  Svo.     Other  works. 

Henderson,  Captain,  R.A.  1.  Account  of  Hon- 
duras, Lon.,  ISO',1,  '11,  Svo.  2.  Condition  and  Treatment 
of  the  Negro  Slaves  in  the  Brit.  Colonies,  1816. 

Henderson,  Alexander,  1583-1646,  a  divine  and 
leader  in  the  Church  of  Scotland,  had  a  controversy  with 
Charles  I.  respecting  Episcopacy.  The  papers  which 
passed  between  them  will  be  iouud  in  The  Life  and  Times 
of  Henderson,  by  John  Alton,  D.D.,  Edin.,  1S36,  Svo.  See 
.also  Dr.  Thomas  McCrie's  Life  of  Henderson ;  Montrose's 
Memoirs;  Voice  of  the  Church;  and  British  Critic,  six. 
457.     Henderson  wrote  some  .serms.,  ]iub.  1643-48. 

Henderson,  Alexander,  M.D.  1.  Trans,  of  Cabanis 
on  Med.  Science,  Lon.,  1806,  Svo.  2.  Imposture  of  Ann 
Moore,  1813.  Svo.  3.  Ilbstof  Anc.  and  Mod.Wines,1824,4to. 
"  He  appears  to  have  devoted  severiil  years  to  his  undertaking, 
and  has  very  laboriously  gleaned  from  various  sources  whatever 
was  of  importance  to  his  ohject."— ion.  Quar.  Sev.,  xxxii.  232-262. 
See  also  Blackwood's  Mag.,  xvi.  1-16.  4.  The  Atmo- 
sphere:  Nic.  J(jur.,  1804. 

Henderson,  Andrew.  1.  Life  of  John,  Earl  of 
Stair,  Lon.,  1748,  12mo.  2.  Trans,  of  Voltaire's  Hist,  of 
Charles  XII.,  Svo.  3.  Arsinoe  :  a  Trag.,  Svo.  4.  Hist  of 
the  Rebellion  1745-46,  Svo,  1753.  5.  Militia,  1760,  Svo. 
6.  Life  of  William  the  Conqueror,  1764,  12mo.  7.  Life  of 
the  Duke  of  Cumberlaad,  1766,  Svo.     8.  Letter  to  the  Bp 


HEN 

of  Chester,  1774,  Svo.  9,  10.  Two  Letters  to  Dr.  Johnson 
on  his  Journey  to  the  Western  Isles,  1776,  &c.,  both  Svo. 

.Henderson,  Andrew.  The  Prac.  Grazier,  Edin., 
1826.  Svo. 

"  Tlie  work  is  very  crerl  i  table."—  Donaldson's  AgricuU.  Bing. 

Henderson,  Ebenezer,  D.D.,  one  of  the  most  emi- 
nent of  modern  Biblical  critics.  1.  Trans,  of  Koos  ou  the 
Prophecies  of  Daniel,  Edin.,  1811.  Svo. 

"  It  is  not  a  very  interesting  book.  The  details  are  too  minute, 
and  some  of  the  views  not  likely  to  be  received." — Orme's  Bill.  Bib. 

2.  Dissert,  on  Hans  Mikkelsen's  [Danish]  Trans,  of  the 
N.  Test.,  Copenhagen,  1813,  4to.  3.  Iceland;  or.  The  Journal 
of  a  Residence  in  that  Island  in  1814-15,  Edin.,  1S18,  2 
vols.  Svo;  1819,  Svo. 

"The  state  of  society,  manners,  domestic  habits,  and  religion, 
are  here  treated  of;  liut  theie  is  too  much  minuteness,  and  a  te- 
diousncss  and  dryness  of  style  and  manner."— Sfeiejison's  Voyaaes 
and  Travels. 

"  This  interesting  volume,  we  venture  to  say,  will  be  found  pro- 
ductive of  a  very  high  degree  of  instruction  and  amusement."— 
Lon.  Quar.  Raj.     See  Lowndes's  Brit.  Lib. 

4.  Biblical  Researches  and  Trav.  in  Ru.ssia,  Lon.,lS26,Svo. 

"This  very  interesting  volume  of  Travels  has  a  claim  to  be  no- 
ticed io  this  place,  on  account  of  the  numerous  and  important 
det.ails  which  Dr.  Henderson  has  communicated  respecting  the 
antient  and  modern  versions  and  editions  of  the  Holy  Scriptures, 
and  to  which  we  have  been  largely  indebted.  .  .  .  Contains  much 
valuable  statistical  information  relative  to  the  countries  through 
which  he  travelled."— Zfonie's  BiU.  Bib. 

5.  Edit,  of  Moses  Stuart's  trans,  of  Ernesti's  Elements 
of  Interpretation,  XS27,  12mo. 

"Dr.  Henderson  has  increased  the  utility  of  this  little  manual 
by  adding  some  valuable  observations,  the  result  of  his  own  read- 
ing."— Home's  Bibl.  Bib. 

6.  The  Great  Mystery  of  Godliness  Incontrovertible, 
1830,  Svo.     This  is  an  examination  of  1  Tim.  iii.  16. 

"The  genuineness  of  the  controveited  clause  in  1  Tim.  iii.  16 
is  established  beyond  doubt  in  this  ably-executed  and  impartial 
treatise."— i/nrae's  Bibl.  Bib. 

"A  valuable  specimen  of  critical  ability  successfully  exerted  in 
the  investigation  and  discovery  of  truth.'' — Arcubishop  Howlet. 

See  Andover  Biblical  Repository,  i.  777. 

7.  Edit,  of  jEgirtii  Gutbirii  Lexicon  Svriacum.  1836, 
24mo.  8.  Divine  Inspiration,  1836,  Svo;'lS47,  fp.  Svo ; 
1850,  12mo;  1852.  fp.  Svo. 

"  Particularly  valuable." — Dr.  E.  Williams. 

"  These  discourses  are  written  with  great  care,  and  display  stores 
of  information,  both  ancient  and  modern,  which  few  theologians 
of  the  day  could  emulate,  and  very  few.  if  any,  could  exceed." — 
Biitis/i  Critic.     See  also  Lon.  Chris*.  Rememb. 

9.  Trans,  of  Isaiah  from  the  Hebrew,  with  Comment., 
1840,  Svo. 

"  Much  useful  CT'Mc\sm."—BicleTstdh's  C.  S. 

"  The  translator's  notes  leave  the  reader  nothing  to  desire  for 
the  explanation  of  Isaiah." — Lon.  Churchwan. 

"It  is  not  too  much  to  say  that  this  Cimmentary  on  Isaiah  is 
the  best,  the  most  learned,  and  the  most  satisfactory  illustration 
of  the  prophetic  text  that  exists  in  our  language."- £n(is/i  Maga- 
zine.    See  also  Lon.  Kclec.  Itev. 

"  Henceforth  uo  one  that  desires  to  understand  the  elevated 
views  and  grand  productions  of  Isaiah  will  be  able  to  dispense 
with  the  work  of  Dr.  Henderson." — Lon.  Chris.  Examiner. 

10.  Trans,  from  the  Hebrew  of  the  Twelve  Minor  Pro- 
phets, with  a  Comment.,  1845,  Svo.  11.  Trans,  from  the 
Hebrew  of  Jeremiah  and  the  Lamentations,  with  a  Com- 
ment, 1S51,  Svo.     Other  publications. 

Henderson,  George.  View  of  the  Administrations 
in  the  Government  of  Americanuder  Washington,  Ac,  1802. 

Henderson,  Capt.  John.  1.  Agricult.  of  Suther- 
land, Lon..  1812.  Svo.    2.  Agricult.  of  Caithness,  1S12,  Svo. 

"The  two  works  are  very  creditable." — Donaldson's  Ag.  Biog. 

Henderson,  John,  1747-1785,  an  eminent  actor,  a 
native  of  London.  His  Letters  and  Poems,  with  Anecdotes 
of  his  Life,  by  John  Ireland,  Lon.,  1786.  Svo.  See  also 
Lowndes's  Bibl.  Man.;  Boswell's  Johnson  ;  Nichols's  Anec. 

Henderson,  John.  1.  Sal  Indus  Antiquorum,  Ac, 
Lon..  1803.  Svo.     2.  Rheumic  Acid:  Thoin.  Ann.  Philos. 

Henderson,  John,  1757-1788.  a  native  of  B.allaga- 
r.ance.  England,  edueated  at  Pembroke  College.  Oxfo'id, 
taught  Latin  at  eight  years  of  age  and  Greek  at  twelve. 
An  account  of  him  will  he  founil  in  Rev.  Wm.  Agnttcr's 
Funeral  Serm.  on  him,  Nov.  17SS.  Some  of  Henderson's 
essays  and  poems  have  been  published.     See  Boswell. 

Henderson,  Lawrence,  of  Maklon,  Essex.  Para- 
phrase on  Job,  Psalms,  Proverbs,  and  Ecclesiastes,  with 
Notes,  Crit,  Histor.,  and  Pract.,  Lon.,  1764,  4  vols.  Svo. 

Henderson,  Robert.     See  IlE.N-nYsoN. 

Henderson,  Robert.  Breeding  of  Swine  and  Curing 
of  B.acon;  with  Hints  on  Agricult..  Ac.  Leith.  1 811, '14,  Svo. 

"Imparts  his  knewledge  ia  a  plain  and  sensible  manner." — 
Donaldson's  Agricult.  Biog. 

Henderson,  S.  The  Cottage  Preacher;  or,  XV.  Plain 
Seriu<ms.  Lon.,  1837,  12mo. 

"  These  Discourses  are  truly  evangelical  in  their  matter,  familiar 
and  iutelligible  in  their  style." — Lon.  Congreg.  Mag. 


HEN 


HEN 


Henderson,  Stewart,  M.D.  Profess,  treatises,  1795- 
1808. 

Henderson,  T,  Astronomical  Observations  at  Edin- 
burgh, 1S34— i:i,  vols.  i.  to  ix..  1838-50. 

Henderson,  Thos.,  M.D.,  Assist.  Surg.  U.S.  Navy. 
Hints  on  Ihe  Meil.  Exam,  of  Recruits;  new  ed.,  Phila.,  1857. 

Henderson,  Wm.,  JI.D.  1.  Observ.  on  the  Plague, 
Lon.,  1789,  8vo.  2.  Sir  H.  Davy  on  Chlorine;  Thorn.  Ann. 
Pbilos.,  1813. 

Henderson,  Wm.,  M.D.  1.  Homoeopathic  Practice 
of  Medicine,  Lon.,  1S15,  Svo;  N.Y.,  1840,  18mo.  2.  Homteo- 
pathy  Fairly  Represented,  in  Reply  to  Simpson's  Homoeo- 
pathy Misrepresented,  Edin.,  1853,  p.  Svo;  Phila.,  1851,  Svo. 

Hendley,  Wm.  Serms.,  1715-18.  For  a  Serm.  on 
Rev.  x\k.  9  (1718,  Svo)  the  author  was  tried  and  convicted. 

Hendley,  Wm.  Loimologia  Sacra;  or,  The  Plague 
Reli^iously "Considered.  Lon.,  1721,  Svo. 

Hendou,  Edward.  Perfect  Conveyancer;  or,  Select 
Precedents,  liy  E.  Hendon,  Wra.  Noy,  R.  Rason,  and  H. 
Fleetwood,  1650,  4to  ;  2d  cd.,  llioo,  4'to. 

Hendricks,  Miss  Rose  Ellen.  1.  The  Astrologer's 
Daughter,  Lon.,  1S45,  3  vols.  p.  Svo.  2.  The  Idler  Re- 
formed, 1S46,  3  vols.  p.  Svo.  3.  Political  Fame;  an  Essay, 
1847,  fp.  Svo.  4.  The  Wild  Rose,  and  other  Poems,  1847, 
p.  Svo.  5.  The  Young  Authoress,  1847,  3  vols.  p.  Svo.  6. 
Jenny  Lind;  a  Tale,  2  vols.  p.  Svo.  7.  Chit-Chat;  a  Poem, 
in  12  Cantos,  1849,  p.  Svo.  8.  King  John  and  the  Brigand's 
Bride,  1851,  3  vols.  p.  Svo. 

**  There  is  an  earnestness  and  a  good  faith  about  all  the  writer 
does,  whicli  stamps  an  air  of  truth  upon  her  productions." — Lon. 
Liteniri/  G'-izeiU. 

Hendrie,  Robert.  1.  Two  Letters  on  Pictorial  Co- 
lour and  Effect,  Lon..  1S42,  12mo.  2.  Encyclopaedia  of  the 
Arts  of  the  Middle  Ages,  by  the  Monk  Thcophilus;  trans., 
with  Notes,  by  R.  H.,  Svo.'    Commended  by  Lon.  Spec. 

Hendry,  Elizabetli  Anne.  1.  Crossingham  Rec- 
tory, Lon.,  12mo  :  commended  by  Lon.  Lit.  Ga7..,  and 
Edueat.  Mag.  2.  Hist,  of  Greece,  for  Children :  4th  ed., 
1853,  ISmo.  3.  Hist,  of  Rome,  for  ChUdren  ;  4th  ed.,  re- 
viseil  by  J.  Corner,  1S53,  ISmo. 

Hendry,  Wm.     Life-Annuities,  Ac,  Lon.,  1825,  Svo. 

Hendy,  James,  M.D.     Profess,  treatises,  1774-90. 

Heneage,  Michael.  1.  Antiq.  of  Arms  in  England, 
arijio  1598  ;  in  Hearne's  CoUec,  1771.  2.  Antiq.  of  the 
word  •' Sterlingorum  :"  in  Hearne's  CoUec.,  1771. 

Henegan,  Sir  Richard  D.,  R.A.  Seven  Years' 
Campaigning  in  the  Peninsula,  <i'e.,  Lon.,  1S46,  2  vols. 

"Tliese  volumes  combine  a  world  of  diversified  amusement,  ex- 
citement, and  iuterest.  It  is  impossible  to  open  tliem  without 
encountering  some  toucll  of  pathos  or  Immour. — some  trace  of 
desperate  valor  or  of  heroic  sacrifice." — Natal  and  Military  Oaz. 

Henfrey,  Arthur,  Prof  of  Botany  in  King's  College, 
London,  1S54,  late  editor  of  the  Botanical  Magazine,  has 
made  several  translations  from  the  German,  contributed 
papers  to  the  Annals  and  Mag.  of  Nat.  Hist.,  Trans.  Brit. 
Assoc,  ttc,  and  pub.  the  following  works :  1.  Anatomical 
Manipulation,  Lon.,  1844.  2.  Outlines  of  Structural  and 
Physiological  Botany,  1S47,  12mo.  3.  Rudiments  of  Bo- 
tany, 1849,  12mo.  4.  The  Vegetation  of  Europe:  its  Con- 
dition and  Causes,  1852,  12m'i.  5.  An  Elementary  Course 
of  Botany,  Structural,  Physiological,  and  Systematic,  with 
a  Brief  Outline  of  the  Geographical  and  Geological  Distri- 
bution of  Plants,  1 857,  p.  Svo.   6.  Micrographic  Dictionary  : 

see  (iRlFFlTH,  .J.  W. 

Hengham,  Sir  Ralph  de,  Chiof-Justice  in  the  Court 
of  King's  Bench  teinij.  Edw.  I.  Summa  magna  ct  parva. 
Printed  with  Sir  John  Fortescue's  De  Laudibus  Legum 
Anglije :  see  p.  618  of  this  Dictionary;  Bp.  Nicolson's 
Eng.  Hist.  Lib. ;  Brooke's  Bib.  Leg.  Ang.,  72 ;  2  Reeves's 
Eng.  Law,  281;  Selden's  Pref.  to  the  work  ;  Marvin's  Leg. 
Bibl.,  382. 

Hening,  Mrs.  E.  F.  Hist,  of  the  African  Missions 
of  the  Prot,  Epis.  Church  in  the  U.S.,  N.Y.,  1850,  12mo. 

Hening,  William  Waller,  d.  1S2S,  Clerk  of  the 
Chancery  Ct.  for  the  Richmond  Dist.,  Va.  1.  Statutes  of 
Virginia,  1619-1792,  Richmond,  13  vols.  Svo,  1809-23. 

**  .Vo  other  State  in  the  Union  possesses  so  excellent  a  work  on 
its  legislative  history." — George  Bancroft:  Hid.  U.  .states. 

2.  The  American  Pleader  and  Lawyer's  Guide,  N.  Y"ork, 
1811,  2  vols.  Svo.  3.  Maxims;  containing  Noy,  Francis, 
and  Branch,  &c.,  Richmond  and  Phila.,  1824-45,  Svo  : 
see  Branxh.  Thomas;  Francis,  Richard.  4.  New  Vir- 
ginia Justice:  4th  ed.,  Richmond,  1825,  Svo.  5.  In  con- 
junction with  William  Munford,  Reports  of  Cases  in  Su- 
preme Ct.  of  Appeals  of  Va.,  and  in  the  Supreme  Ct.  of 
Chancery  for  Richmond  District,  Flatbush  and  N.  York, 
1809-11.  4  vols.  Svo. 

Henkel,   C,  Lutheran   pastor,   Somerset,  Ohio.    1. 


Ueber  die  Kindcrsucht.  1822.  2.  On  the  Reformation  :  a 
Synodical  Discourse,  1S3S. 

Henkel,  D.,  Luthcnm  pastor,  Lincoln,  N.C.  On  Re- 
generation, Salisbury,  1822. 

Heukle,  Moses  Montgomery,  D.D.,  of  the  Me- 
thodist Epis.  Church  South,  b.  1798,  in  Pendleton  co.,  Va. 
1.  Masonic  Addresses,  1849,  Svo.  2.  Primary  Platform  : 
or,  Methodism,  Nashville,  1852,  12mo.  3.  Analysis  of 
Church  Government,  1853,  12mo.  4.  Life  of  Bishop  B.as- 
com,  1854,  12mo.     5.  Primitive  Episcopacy,  1857,  12mo. 

Henley,  Anthony,  M.P.,  d.  1711,  was  a  contributor 
to  the  Taller,  the  Medley,  and  other  periodicals,  and  wrote 
poetry  for  music.  Garth  eulogizes  him  in  the  preface  to 
the  Dispensary. 

Henley,  Rev.  John,  1692-1756,  known  as  Orator 
Henley,  was  a  native  of  Melton-Mowbray,  and  etlueated 
at  St.  John's  College,  Cambridge.  Disappointed  in  ob- 
taining preferment  in  London,  he  commenced  the  delivery 
of  his  fatuous  Lectures  or  Orations  upon  theology,  politics, 
fashions,  and  matters  in  general,  lie  continued  these  lec- 
tures for  nearly  thirty  years,  and  was  certainly  one  of  the 
lions  of  London.  Pope  celebrates  him  in  the  Dunciad  as 
the  "zaney  of  his  age,"  and  Hogarth  introduced  him  in 
his  humorous  delineations.  He  pub.  many  Sermons.  Ho- 
milies, translations  from  Pliny  and  Montfaucon,  Letters, 
Ac,  and  the  following  works,  by  which  he  is  best  known  : 
1.  Complete  Linguist;  or,  an  Universal  Gr,amiuar  of  all 
the  considerable  Tongues  in  Being,  Lon.,  1719-21,  2  vols. 
Svo.  2.  Oratory  Transactions:  No.  1,  1728,  Svo;  Nos.  2, 
4,  5.  1729,  Svo.  3.  Esther;  a  Poem.  4.  The  Hyp  Doctor  ; 
a  Weekly  Paper.  By  this  periodical  he  is  said  to  have 
cleared  £100  per  annum.  See  Sleevens's  account  of  Hen- 
ley, in  Nichols's  Biog.  Anec.  of  Hogarth  ;  Lon.  Retrosp. 
Rev.,  xiv.  206-225,  1826. 

Henley,  Robert,  Baron  Henley  and  Earl  of 
Northington,  Lord-Chanccllor  of  England,  b.  1708,  d. 
1786.  See  Edun,  Ho.v.  RonEnr  Hknlf.v  ;  Henley's  Life 
of  Lord  Northington  ;  Lord  Campbell's  Lives  of  the  Lord- 
Chnncellors,  and  authorities  there  cited. 

Henley,  Hon.  Robert  Henley  Eden,  Lord. 
See  Eden. 

Henley,  Samuel, D.D.,  d.  1816,  Prof  of  Moral  Philos. 
in  the  College  of  ^yilliamsburg,  Virginia,  subsequently 
Rector  of  Rendlesham,  Suffolk,  and  in  1805  Principal  of 
the  East  India  College  at  Hertford,  pub.  several  serms., 
&c.,  1771-1803  ;  observations  on  Virgil,  178S  ;  a  trans,  of 
the  Elegies  of  TibuUus,  1792;  and  edited  Beckford's  Ca- 
leph  Vathek,  1786. 

Henley,  Thomas.  Case  in  Midwifery,  Exon.,  1715, 
12  mo. 

Henley,  Zach.  Allnut.  Navigation  of  the  Thames 
from  Uichmoiid  to  Staines,  Lon.,  1S05,  Svo. 

Henley,  Wni.     Electricity;  Phil.  Trans.,  1772-78. 

Hennell,  Charles.  Forms  of  Afiid.avits,  Ac.  2d  ed., 
Lon.,  1837,  Svo.  Adapted  to  the  Irish  Practice,  with 
many  new  Precedents,  Ac,  by  W.  Mockler,  Dubl.,1844,Svo. 

Hennen,  John.     Military  Surgery,  Edin.,  1818,  Svo. 

Henniker,  Sir  Frederick,  Bart.  Notes  during  a 
Visit  to  Egypt.  Nubia,  the  Oasis  Bceris.ic,  Lon.,  1824,  Svo. 

"  We  have  read  Sir  t'rederick  Ilenuiker's  Notes  on  Egypt,  &c. 
with  pleasure,  and  freely  confess  that  the  perusal  frequently  re- 
laxed our  gravity  ;  it  is  in  fact  an  amusing  little  volume,  and  will 
find  a  place  by  the  side  of  the  Diary  of  an  Invalid." — L(,ii.  Quai: 

Henniker,  Major  John,  Lord,  M.P.  1.  Letter  to 
George,  Earl  of  Leicester,  1788,  Svo.  2.  Two  Letters  on 
the  Origin,  Antiq.,  and  Hist,  of  Norman  Titles,  1794,  Svo. 
3.  Bicknacre  Priory,  in  Essex;  Archa'ol.,  1794. 

Henning,  George,  M.D.     Scrofulas,  1SI5,  Svo. 

Henric,  James.  The  Curtaine  of  Church  Power  and 
Authoritie  in  things  called  Indiffereut,  Lon.,  1632,  4to. 

Henricus,  Huntindieusis.     See  Henrv  op  Hts- 

TINGDOX. 

Henry,Archdcacon  of  Huntingdon  and  Hert- 
fordshire, b.  aljiiut  the  end  of  the  11  ih  century,  d.  after 
1154,  is  best  known  as  an  author  Ijy  a  History  of  England, 
in  eight  books,  from  the  earliest  accounts  to  a.d.  1154. 
This  was  pub.  by  Sir  Henry  Savile  among  the  Scriptores 
post  Bed.am,  Lon.,  1596,  fol. ;  Francf.,  1601,  fob;  also  in 
the  Collec  of  Historians  edited  by  order  of  the  Recor^. 
Commission,  vol.  i.  689-763;  .also  a  translation,  with  the 
Acts  of  Stephen,  by  an  unknown  .author;  by  Thomas  For- 
ester, Lon.,  1853,  sra.  Svo.  Wharton,  in  his  Anglia  Sacra 
ii.  694,  publishes  an  Epistle  of  Henry's,  ad  Walterum  de 
Mundi  Contemptu,  sivc  de  Episcopis  et  viris  illustribus  sui 
temporis.  See  also  D'Achery,  Spicilegium.  Parisiis.  1723, 
fob,  tomus  iii.  503-507,  or,  in  first  ed.,  tomus  viii.  178. 

Henry  was  also  a  poet  of  considerable  merit.     In  his 

6J1 


HEN 

old  age  he  collected  his  writings  into  one  series,  divided 
into  twelve  books  There  are  two  JISS.  of  this  hooli  in 
the  Archiepiscopal  Library  at  Lamheth.  For  a  more  par- 
ticular accuunt  of  this  writer  we  refer  the  reader  to  Wri4f« 
Biog  lint.  Lit.,  Anglo-Norman  Period,  167-173  ° 
•A  large  portion  of  the  earlier  part  of  Ilenry-s  Ilisto'rv  is  com- 

fh.t^^  f  P  ^  "'?  "■  "'"''  i'lsLinces  inconeelly.  whi.h  shows 
inel,  V  w^  r  ^  "'°  ™!"  ?''-"'''Pl>en  the  language  of  Anglo-Saxon 
ot-  ifZ  ^.v'n"""'!'"?  """"'t!-"-  ""  B'"'^  "'  ^""e  vnluahle  notices 
TJf£Z,  T,-'"^^'''h:^'"''^  "PP"'--  '°  '■«  'aXen  from  old  songs 
and  from  ti-.adit.on. . .  .  His  dates  are  frequently  confused.  .  .  .  One 
aLrS„H  V"i,'-     .^?  "?s  probably  the  letter  already  alluded  to, 

recounts  to  hisfriend  the  number  of  rich  and  poweitlil  and  learned 
men  whom  they  had  seen  sink  successively  into  the  grave.  .  . 
Ueiiry  of  Huntingdon's  poetry  is  superior  to  the  general  standard 
ot  mediev.tl  Latin  verse.  It  is  somewhat  miscellaneous,  consisting 
of  metrical  treatises  on  herbs,  gems,  .spices,  ic.  of  hvmns.  of  ama 
tory  poetry,  and  of  epigrams.  Leland  quotes  the  following  ele-ant 
lines  trom  the  invocation  to  his  poem  on  herbs,  which  is  founded 
on  the  older  treatise  of  Macer  : 

"•  Vatum  magne  parens,  berbarum  Phoebe  repertor, 
^ osque,  quibus  lesonant  Tempo  jocosa,  deaj, 
Si  mihi  serta  piius  hedera  florente  parastis 
Ecce  meos  tlores.  serta  parate,  fero  ' ''  ' 

.  Henry  the  Minstrel,  or  Blind  H^V.^v^Sr- 
ing  feooteh  poet  of  the  15th  century,  is  celebrated  as  the 
author  of  The  Actis  and  Deidis  of  the  illuster  and  vailzcnnd 
Campioun,  Sen.r  William  Wallace,  Knicht  of  Eller^^lie 
This  poem,  which  is  in  twelve  boolis  of  ten-syllable  lines 
IS  supposed  to  have  been  written  about  1475.  Henry  pro- 
fesses to  found  it  on  a  Latin  history  of  Wallace,  now  lost, 
by  John  D  air  and  Thomas  Gray.  The  only  MS.  copy 
kDOwn  of  Henry's  poem  is  in  the  Advocat'cs'  Library, 
Kdinburgli,  dated  14S8.  It  was  first  pub.,  Edin.,  1570 
4to;  10  1,  4to;  1611,  4to;  1620,  8vo ;  Aberdeen  1630 
AVk  ^;"-'  V'f-  «^'°'  /6"'   Glasg.,   1665,  Svo,-'Edin. 

A?;,n  k,  D-,"-"^'  *'°-  ""■'  ^''-  lil"^"i^e  contain 
Arnaldi  Bla.r  Relationes ;  with  Notes,  Dissertations,  Illus- 
trations, and  a  portrait  of  Wallace,  Perth,  1790,3  vols 
12mo.  Since  this  date  (i.  c.  in  1S20,  Edin.,  4to)  Dr.  John 
Jam.oson  pub.  it  with  the  Bruce  of  Barbour.    A  paraphrase 

f  7-n''^' '/,°f™,:  '°  °""'''™  ^''"^'^'  ty  William  Hamilton 
01  Gilbertfield,  has  long  been  popular  with  the  Scottish 
peas.antry,  and  had  no  little  eBect  in  eliciting  the  poetic 
talents  ot  Robert  Bruce.  As  a  historian,  recent  discove- 
ries have  somewhat  elevated  the  reputation  of  Blind 
Harry;  as  a  poet,  he  has  perhaps  enjoyed  the  full  benelit 
of  the  advantage  which  mystery  confers  upon  the  fame 
of  the  minstrel.     Mr.  Ellis  does  not  hesitate  to  say 

Jhat.a  man  t»™  blind  should  excel  in  anv  science  is  suffi- 

buMh'at'he'shou'n  I'^'  '"'"="'  ''^,"°  "-••"-'  "'""">'  ^""'"Pl^^ 
but  that  he  should  become  an  excellent  poet  is  almost  miraculous  • 
because  the  soul  of  poetry  is  description.  Perhaps,  therefore  it 
ma.y  be  e.lsily  assumed  that  Henry  was  not  inlL-n^,;  in  nliot  of 
genius  either  to  liarbour  or  Chaucer,  nor  indeed  to  any'^poet  of 
any  age  or  country ."-.SpccmCTis  of  Vie  Eurhj  E„<,M,  PoHs 

The  ahsnrdity  of  this  remark  is  well  exposed  in  Cham- 
^f'  ■™'^  Thomsons  Eiog.  Diet,  of  Eminent  Scotsmen, 
ea.  lSo5,  ill.  16.  ' 

As  regards  the  value  of  the  historical  statements  of 
au°horU    ■'™  """  '■""""'"S  "V'nii.a.  of  an  eminent 

J^}^f  persuaded  that  Wallace  is  the  work  of  an  ignorant  man 
On  „.L,  ^it'  '"  P°^"-.''»''^'>  »f  valuable  and  anthenTic  matedals 
On  »hat  other  supposition  can  we  account  fur  the  fact  that  whilst 
in  one  page  we  meet  with  errors  which  show  a  deplorable  n"iTer 

o'therlcotur-his,"'-'  ""'  T"  "'"'  -'-"-tanclJs  unkno'wn  to 
other  bLOttish  histon.ans,  yet  corroborated  by  authentic  docu- 
men  s.  by  contemporary  Knglish  annalists,   by  nattona     monu 

rheml',,.?";"™'"".?'^'  P'>''">^''>-'d  '■>  modern  t[mes  and  o  which 
the  minstrel  cannot  be  supposed  to  have  had  access'     The  wo  k 

ilJ^S'^S^'rS.^"  "^°  ''""™  romance.'.-P.?'¥;;.<L^ 
Mr  Tyller  proceeds  to  adduce  a  number  of  instances  in 
which  modern  historical  discoveries  prove  Henry  to  be 
correct.  Major,  who  lived  at  the  same  time  with  the  poet! 
tells  us  the  little  we  know  of  the  minstrel,  and  enables  us 
to  form  some  estimate  of  the  value  of  his  history 

Integrum   librum   Uolielmi  Vall.icei   Henricus,  a  n'ativitate 

di.  ebantur  carmine  vul^ari,  in  quo  peritus  eiat,  consciioV^t  (e°„ 
au  em  talilm.,  scriptis  solum  in  parte  fidem  imp^ittor-   qu   h i'sS 

bee  Irving's  Lives  of  Scot.  Poets;  Jamieson's  edit,  of 

Sst  of°Fn  p'^T'  ^'I'^^'^""^'-  Scots  Writers;  Warton's 
Hist,  of  Eng.  Poet.;  authorities  cited  above. 

linlhrol  n    ;'  ,'^,"'",  "'"  England,  surnamed  of  Bo- 

Duk^  7 1 '    V'^'-  'i"'  '^''"''' '""  "fJ"'"' "f  «'"■■". 

Henrv  Pl  ';°'"'""'V^^  '^^  ^"''>'  Ui^-ehe,  daughter  of 
Henry  Plantagenet,  Duke  of  Lancaster.     Epistolt  ad  Ni- 


IIEN 


colaum  de  Cusa  S.R.E.  Cardinalem.    See  D'Achery  Spicil 
ill.  .S03.  ,"1       •> 

Henry  VIII.,  King  of  England,  b.  1491,  d.  1547 
jsecond  son  of  Henry  VII.,  by  his  ,|ueen,  Elizabeth  of  York' 
gaineu  from  Leo  X.  the  title  of  Defender  of  the  Faith  by 
a  Latin  treatise— Assertio  VIL  S.acramentorum  adversus 
Lutherum,  Lon.,  1521,  4to  ;  Roma;,  1521,  4to  ;  Lon.,  other 
eds..  for  an  account  of  which,  and  other  writings  connected 
with  Henry  and  his  reign,  see  Lowndes's  Bibj:  Man  906- 
908,  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit.,  and  the  histories  of  En.'land.  An 
English  trans.,  by  T.  W.,  of  the  Assertion  of  the  Seven 
Sacraments,  was  pub.  in  1687,  4to. 

"  or  Henry's  intellectual  ability  we  are  not  left  to  iudsre  from 
the  suspicious  panegyrics  of  his  contempoiaries.  His  state  papers 
and  letters  may  be  placed  by  the  side  of  those  of  Wolsey  o?  of 
Cromwel^l  and  they  lose  nothing  in  thecompaiLson.  Thoughthey 
are  broadly  different,  the  perception  is  equally  clear,  the  expression 
equally  powerful,  and  they  breathe  throughout  an  irresistible  yi. 
gour  01  purpose^"-J?ro«de's  Hist,  of  Ens,: from  tlu  FaU  of  miseu 
to  the  Death  of  Elizabeth,  Lon.,  1856.  ""wcy 

Henry,  Marquis  and  Earl  of  Worcester.  Auo- 
thethegius,  Lon.,  ll>,5n,  8vo. 

Henry,  Alexander,  1739-1824,  a  native  of  New 
Jersey,  e.xtentively  engaged  in  the  Fur  Trade,  travelled 
tor  si.-iteen  years  in  the  northwestern  parts  of  America,  and 
gives  us  the  result  of  his  observations  in  his  Travels  and 
Adventures  in  Canada  and  the  Indian  Territories  1760-76 
N.York,  1809,  Svo.  The  Preface  to  this  interesting  work 
will  be  found  in  Rich's  Bild.  Amor.  Nova,  ii.  42. 

"  His  enterpi-ise,  perils,  and  intrepidity,  excite  deep  interest."— 

Henry,  Caleb  Sprague,  D.D.,  formerly  a  Congre- 
gational minister,  but  .since  1835  a  clergyman  of  the  Pro- 
testant Episcopal  Church,  is  a  native  of  Rutland  Mass 
and  graduated  at  Dartmouth  College  in  1825.  In  1S35  ha 
was  appointed  Professor  of  Intellectual  and  Moral  Philo- 
sophy in  Bristol  College;  removed  to  New  York  in  18'17- 
and  in  that  city  established  The  New  York  Review,  which 
he  conducted  until  1840,  when  Dr.  J.  G.  Cogswell,  who  had 
been  co-editor  for  the  previous  twelvemonth,  assumed  the 
entire  duties  connected  with  its  supervision.  Dr  Henry- 
was  chosen  Professor  of  Philosophy,  History,  and  Belles- 
LettTes,  in  the  University  of  the  city  of  New  York,  and 
discharged  the  eng.agements  connected  with  this  responsible 
post  until  his  retirement  in  1S52.  He  was  also,  from  1847- 
50,  rector  of  St.  Clement's  Church,  New  York.  He  now 
(1856)  resides  in  the  vicinity  of  New  York,  and  is  a  fre- 
quent contributor  to  the  Church  Review,  and  other  perio- 
dicals.    See  Duyckincks'  Cyc.  of  Amer.  Lit. 

1.  Elements  of  I'sychology;  included  in  a  Critical  Exa- 
mination of  Locke's  Essay  on  the  Human  Understanding 
iiy  \  ictor  Cousin;  trans,  from  the  French,  with  an  Intro- 
duction and  Notes,  Hartford,  1834;  N.York  1S39  ■  4th 
ed,  revised,  1856,  12mo,  pp.  568.  2.  Compendium  of 
Chris  lan  Antiquities,  1837,  Svo.  3.  Moral  and  Philoso- 
P^A■  ..^'■"'y'''  -^''  '^"''^'  1S39.  i.  Guizot's  General  Hist. 
ol  Civilization,  with  Notes,  12mo.  5.  Household  Litur<.y, 
12mo.  6.  Epitome  of  the  Hist,  of  Philosophy  ;  tran.s.  from 
the  French,  with  nddits.  and  a  Continuation  from  the  time 
ot  Reid  to  the  present  day,  1845,  2  vols.  12mo.  About 
one-lourth  ol  this  work  was  written  by  Dr.  Henry  7  A 
Manual  of  Ancient  and  Modern  History,  by  W  C  Taylor 
LL.D.  ic;  with  addits.,  1845,  Svo,  and  each  division  in 
1  vol  Svo.  See  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  Ixi.  245-248.  Dr.  Henry 
has  also  pub.  a  number  of  college  addresses  on  university 
education,  d-c.  "' 

Henry,  David,  1710-1792,  for  more  than  half  a  cen- 
tury connected  with  the  Gentleman's  Magazine,  has  alre.ady 
been  noticed  in  our  life  of  his  brother-in-law,  Edward 
Cave  In  that  article,  (written  in  1854,)  referring  to  the 
length  of  time  (nearly  fourscore  years)  for  which  the 
iNicholses  had  been  connected  with  the  Mag.azine  we  re- 
marked, ''May  the  Nicholses  ' live  a  thousand  years,'  and 
issue  the  Gentleman's  Magazine  '  punctually  on  the  1st  of 
every  month  !' "  But— alas  for  our  hopes  !-the  number  of 
the  Magazine  for  the  presentmonth,  (June,  1S56,)  which  lies 
betore  us,  contains  the  following  startling  announcement: 

Mrn''.^?'vr'';7TiT'i'' ■'"'-;■,"",,'' 1°,"'";'°=  numbers  of  the  Gentleman's 
fiTTi  K  "^  P"bl'sl>ed  by  .Messrs.  J.  H.  and  Jas.  l'arker,377, 
be  .sent  "     "     "  "     '=°™™''"''-'''''<'n''  ""d  Hooks  for  review  are  to 

We  can  only  express  the  hope  that  the  Parkers  will  prove 
worthy  successors  of  their  "illustrious  predecessors  " 

David  Henry  gave  to  the  world— 1.  Twenty  Discourses 
abridged  from  Archbp.  Tillotson,  Ac;  2d  ed.,'  Lon.,  1763, 
sin.  Svo;  4th  ed.,  1779.  2.  The  Complete  English  Farmer; 
or,  a  Practical  .System  of  Husbandry.  3.  An  Historical 
Account  of  all  the  Voy.ages  round  the  World,  performed 
by  English  Navigators,  1774,  4  vols.  Svo.     To  these  ho 


HEN 

added  2  vol8.,  includiDg  Capt.  Cook's  Voyages.  Henry  was 
a  frequent  contributor  to  the  Gentleman's  Magazine. 

Henry,  J.     Eighteen  Serms.,  1S16,  8vo. 

Heiivy,  J.  R.  Catalogus  Medicamentorum.,  Franc., 
16S2,  4to. 

Henry,  John,  an  actor  and  manager  of  the  Theatre 
in  Philadeliihia.  A  School  for  Soldiers,  or  The  Deserter; 
a  Dr.imatic  Piece,  Kingston,  Jamaica,  17S3,  8vo. 

Henry,  John.  1.  Points  in  Manumission,  &c.,  Lon., 
1817,  8to.  2.  Crim.  Law  at  Demerara,  &c.,  1821,  8vo.  3. 
Judgment  of  the  Ct.  of  Demerara  in  Case  of  Odwin  «. 
Forbes,  1823,  8vo, 


HEN 

10.  Four  Discourses  against  Vice  and  Immorality,  viz. : 
I.  Against  Drunkenness  ;  II.  Against  Uncleanncss;  III. 
Against  Sabbath-breaking;  IV.  Against  Profane  Speak- 
ing, 1705.  11.  Great  Britain's  pieseut  Hopes  and  Joys 
opened,  in  two  sermons;  the  former  on  the  national 
thanksgiving-day,  December  31,  17IIG,  the  latter  the  day 
following,  being  Xew-year's  day,  Psalm  l.\v.  11.  12.  Two 
Funeral  Sermons ;  one  on  Dr.  Samuel  Benyon,  the  other 
on  the  Rev.  Mr.  Francis  Tallents,  ministers  of  the  gospel 
in  Shrewsbury,  with  an  account  of  their  lives,  17U9.  13. 
A  Method  for'Prayer,  with  Scripture  Eipressions  proper 
to  be  used  under  e.ach  head,  1710.     14.  A  Sermon  con- 


Henry,"  John  Joseph,  1758-1810  ?  Presiding  Judge  corning  the  Work  and  Success  of  the  Ministry  1710.  15. 
of  the  "e^c'ondl  "strict  of  Pennsylvania,  entered  the  army  Disputes  Reviewed;  a  f™-"  P-.-'^^f/  /'^.i^O^'^'^';;? 
at  the  asre  of  17,  and  accompanied  Arnold  through  the  ,  lecture  on  the  Lords  day,  Irom  Mark  ix.  33,  1,10.  lb. 
^^r:^:^^..  to  Quebel.     Ills  account  of  t4  ex-     Faith  in  Cl^rist  }nr^.^^^^-^  Z^^^  ^JT^Z 


pedition  w.as  pub.  at  Lancaster,  1812.  12mo, 

Henry,  Joseph,  late  Professor  of  Natural  Philosophy 
in  the  College  of  New  Jersey  ;  Secretary  of  the  Smithson- 
ian Institute  at  Washington,  D.C.,  since  its  first  organiza- 
tion in  1816 ;  has  pub.  many  valuable  papers  on  electricity 
and  magnetism  in  Amer.  Philos.  Trans.,  Silliman's  Jour, 
of  Amer.  Science,  Journal  of  the  Franklin  Institute,  Ac. 
Contributions  to  Electricity  and  Magnetism,  Phila.,  1839, 

Henry,  Matthew,  1662-1714,  the  second  son  of 
Philip  Henry,  was  born  at  his  father's  residence,  Broad 
Oak  farm-house,  in  Flintshire,  N.  Wales.  He  was  remark- 
able for  the  early  development  of  his  mind;  and  it  is 
affirmed  that  at  three  years  of  ago  he  read  the  Bible  dis- 
tinctly, and  with  a  wonderful  comprehension  of  its  mean- 
ing. From  his  early  years  he  evinced  a  decided  inclina- 
tion to  the  ministry.  His  excellent  father  made  it  a  rule 
that  his  children  should  spend  an  hour  together  every 
Saturday  afternoon  in  devotional  exercises;  and  we  are 
told  that 

''  On  these  occasions  Matthew  presided,  and  gave  intimations 
of  his  subsetiuent  delight  in  God's  service,  too  distinct  and  too 
impressive  to  be  either  overlooked  or  fori-otten.  If  at  such  times 
he  thought  bis  sisters  impropeily  curtailed  their  prayer.s,  he 
would  gently  expostulate;  telling  them  that  'it  was  impossible, 
in  so  short  a  time,  to  include  all  the  cases  and  persons  they  had 
to  recommend  to  God.'  " 

His  father  being  a  Non-conformist,  he  was  deprived  of 
the  privilege  of  entrance  at  either  of  the  universities,  and 
was  placed  under  the  charge  of  Mr.  Thomas  Doulittle,  of 
Islington.  For  a  short  time  subsequently  he  frequented 
Gray's  Inn,  and  acquired  some  knowledge  of  the  law.  In 
1686  he  commenced  preaching,  and  in  the  next  year  ac- 
cepted the  pastoral  charge  of  a  church  at  Chester.  In 
1712,  after  twice  declining,  he  acceded  to  an  urgent  in- 
vitation to  take  charge  of  the  church  of  the  late  Dr. 
Bates,  of  Hackney.  One  strong  inducement  to  this 
change  was  the  necessity  of  a  London  residence  to  the 
proper  oversight  of  the  publication  of  his  Commentary 
on  the  Scriptures,  then  in  the  press.  In  his  new  field,  as 
in  his  former  location,  he  was  indefatigable  in  his  labours, 
which  wore  greatly  blessed.  In  May,  1714,  he  made  a 
visit  to  his  old  friends  in  Cheshire,  and  upon  his  return 
home  was  taken  ill  at  Nantwich.  Anticipating  a  fatal 
issue,  he  said  to  Mr.  lUidge  : 

"You  have  been  used  to  take  notice  of  the  sayings  of  dying 
men.  This  is  mine:  th.it  a  life  spent  in  the  service  of  God  and 
communion  with  him  is  the  most  pleasant  life  that  any  one  can 
live  in  this  world." 

His  death  occurred  on  June  22,  1714,  in  the  fifty- 
second  year  of  his  age. 

A  more  truly  excellent  man  in  all  the  relations  of  life 
we  should  be  at  a  loss  to  find.  That  odd  person,  John 
Dunton,  says  of  him, 

"  All  his  actions  .ippear  to  be  perfectly  devoftd  to  God,  strictly 
observing  St.  Paul's  rule  in  the  4th  of  the  Philippians,  '  What- 
soever things  are  honest,'  ic,  which  Mr.  Henry  does  with  that 
exactness  and  sincerity,  the  very  Churchmen  love  him.  and  even 
Malice  is  angry  she  ran  find  no  cause  to  be  angry  with  him." 

A  list  of  his  works,  according  to  Middleton's  Evangeli- 
cal Biography  :—l.  A  Small  Discourse  concerning  the 
Nature  of  Schism,  1689.  2.  His  Father's  Life,  1696.  3.  A 
Discourse  about  Meekness  and  Quietness  of  Spirit,  on 
1  Pet.  iii.  4,  to  which  is  added.  A  Sermon  preached  at  Mr. 
Howe's  Meeting-house  in  London,  1698.  4.  A  Scripture 
Catechism,  1702.  5.  Family  Hymns:  gathered  most  out 
of  David's  Psalms,  and  all  out  of  the  inspired  writings, 
1702.  6.  A  Plain  Catechism  for  Children.  7.  A  Sermon 
concerning  the  right  Management  of  friendly  visits: 
preached  at  Mr.  Howe's  meeting  in  London,  1704.  8.  A 
Church  in  the  House  :  preached  at  Mr.  Shower's  meeting, 
and  published  at  the  request  of  the  congregation,  1704. 
9.  The  Communicant's  Companion;  or.  Instructions  and 
Helps  for  the  right  receiving  of  the  Lord's  Supper,  1704. 


the  For- 


preached  on  the  Tuesday's  lecture  at  Salters' 
John  xiv.  1,  1711.      17.   A   Sermon  concerning 
giveness  of  Sin  as  a  Debt,  on  Matt.  vi.  12,  1711.    18.  Hope 
and  Fear  balanced;   in  a  lecture  at  Sailers'  Hall,  Ju'y  -^. 
1711.      19.  A  Sermon  preached  at    the  Funeral  ot    Mr. 
Samuel  Lawrence,  minister  of  the  gospel  at  Nantwich  in 
Cheshire,  on  Phil.  ii.  27,  1712.     20.  A  Sermon  preached 
at  Salters'  Hall,  to  the  Societies  for  the  Retormation  of 
Manners,  June  30,  1712.     21.  A  Sermon  preached  at  Ha- 
berdashers' Hall,  on  the  Occasion  of  the  Death  of  the 
Reverend  Mr.  Richard  Stretton,  July  13,  1712.      22.  Di- 
rections  for  Daily  Communion  with  God  :    in   three  Ser- 
mons ;  shewing  how  to  begin,  how  to  spend,  and  how  to 
close,  every  day  with  God,  Sept.  8,  1712.    23.  An  Exhorta- 
tion at  the  close  of  the  Ordination  of  Mr.  Samuel  Clark  at 
St.  Alban's,  Sept.  17,  1712.     24.  Popery  a  Spiritual  Ty- 
ranny;  shewed   in  a  Sermon  preached   on   Nov.  6,lil2. 
25.  A  Sermon  preached  at  the  ordination  of  Mr.  AtkinsoDj 
Jan.  27,   1713.     26.  A  Sermon    preached  on  occasion  of 
the  "Fun'cr.al  of  the  Rev.  Mr.  Daniel  Burgess,  Feb.  3,  1713. 
27.  Christ's  Favour  to  little  Children  opened  and  improved  ; 
in  a  sermon  preached  at  the  public  baptizing  of  a  child  in 
London,  on  Mark  x.   16,   March  6,  1713.     28.  A  Sermon 
concerning  the  Catechizing  of  Youth ;   preached  to  Mr. 
Harris's  Catechumens,  April  7,  1713.     29.  Self-Considera- 
tion necessary  to    Self-Preservation;    or.  The   Folly  of 
despising  our  own  Souls  and  our  own  Ways,  opened  in 
two  sermons  to  young  people,  June  14,  1713.     30.  Sober- 
mindedness  pressed  upon  Young  People ;  preached  at  the 
catechistical  lecture  at  Mr.  Wilcox's  meeting-place,  and 
printed  at  the  desire  of  many  of  the  Catechumens,  most 
of  them  being  ministers'  sons,  Sept.  2,  1713.     31.  A  Me- 
morial of  the  Fire  of   the  Lord,  in  a  sermon  preached 
Sept.  2,  1713,  on  Num.  xi.  3,  being  the  day  of  remem- 
brance of  the  burning  of  London,  at  Mr.  Reynold's  meet- 
ing-house.     32.  The    Pleasantness   of    a    religious    life 
opened,  proved,  and  recommended  to  the  consideration 
of  all.  and  particulariy  of  young  people.  May  21,  1714. 
33.  His  Expositions  of  the  Bible;  "in  which  he  has  gone 
throut'h   the  Old  Testament  in  four  large  volumes  folio, 
and  through  the  Evangelists  and  the  Acts  of  the  Apostles 
in  a  fifth  ;  and  was  fully  bent,  if  God  had  spared  his  life, 
to  have  finished  the  whole  in  another  volume  :  but  in  that 
death  has  prevented  him."     34.  An  Account  of  the  Life 
and  Death  of   Lieutenant  lUidge,  father  to  Mr.  George 
Illidge,  of  Nantwich,  Mr.  Henry's  very  particular  friend. 
35.  A  Treatise  on  Baptism,  abridged  from  the  original 
MS.  by  Thomas  Robins,  1783. 

A  number  of  sermons  and  papers  have  been  recently 
pub.  for  the  first  time  in  the  last  collective  eds.  of  his 
Miscellaneous  Works. 

There  have  been  new  eds.  of  many  of  Henry's  works, 
and    several   collections   of    his  Miscellaneous   Writings. 

1  Miscell.  Works,  with  Life  by  Rev.  Wm.  Tong,  Lou., 
1726,  fol.  2.  1811,  4to,  pp.  876.  3.  By  Rev.  C.  Bradley, 
1823,  12mo.  4.  With  Preface  by  Sir  John  B.  Williams, 
and  numerous  serms.  now  first  printed,  and  forty  serma. 
by  Philip  Henry,  1830,  imp.  8vo.  6.  Selections,  with 
Memoir,  2  vols.  r.  Svo.  6.  Miscell.  Works,  containing,  lU 
addit.  to  those  hitherto  pub.,  numerous  Serms.  and  Papers 
now  first  printed;  with  Funeral  Serms.  of  Tong,  Reynolds, 
and  Williams,  and   forty  serms.   by   Philip    Henry,  1855, 

2  vols.  r.  Svo,  xxiv.,  1419  ;  with  portrait.  Pub.  by  Car- 
ter &  Bros.,  N.  Y'ork.     A  reprint  of  No.  4. 

"  Very  popular;  his  style  short  and  pointed;  many  antitheses; 
a  little  fanciful :  be  makes  his  heads  begin  with  the  same  letter, 
or  some  chiming  words,  vet  oftentimes  natural.  Great  serious- 
ness ;  sprightly  thoughts,  digested  iu  very  good  order.  Ills  style  is 
formed  on  Scripture,  and  he  has  many  beautiful  allusions  to  it. 
— Dr.  Doddridge. 

'■  The  h.sbit  of  sprightly  and  apt  allusion  to  Scripture  facts,  and 
the  use  of  Scripture  language,  which  Mr.  Hemy  diligeutly  culti- 


HEN 


HEN 


vated.  has  not  only  enriched,  but  unspeakably  enlivened,  his 
miscellaneous  writings.  .  .  .  Ilis  diction,  always  expressive,  is 
often  folic'itous;  and.  though  it  malies  no  pretension  to  elegance, 
is  both  nervous  and  forcible.  .  .  .  Ills  allusion  and  imagery,  in  like 
manner,  always  please  .tnd  always  edify;  the  former,  because 
they  are  generally  scriptural ;  the  Iatt«r,  Iw^ause.  like  the  parables 
of  our  Lord,  they  are  derived  from  the  most  common  occurrences." 
— Sir  J.  B.  Williams. 

Of  the  Commentary  on  the  Old  and  New  Testament 
there  have  heen  many  ede.  1.  Lon.,  1710,  5  vols.  fol. 
First  collective  ed.  *2.  1737,  5  vols.  fol.  3.  1761-63, 
6  vols.  fol.  4.  Edin.,  1767,  6  vols.  fol.  5.  1779,  (6  vols, 
fol.?)  6.  Lon..  1792,  6  vols.  4to.  7.  Edin.,  1797,  6  vols. 
4to.  8.  Revised  ed..  by  Rov.  Geo.  Burder  and  Rev.  Jos. 
Hughes,  with  a  Life  of  the  Author  by  Samuel  Palmer, 
Lon.  and  Edin.,  ISll,  6  vols.  4to.  9.  The  same,  with  a 
Pref.  bv  Archibald  Alexander,  D.D.,  Phila.,  1833,  6  vols, 
r.  8vo. 'Firi-t  Amer.  ed.  10.  Stratford,  3  vols.  fol.  11.  With 
Introductory  Remarks  by  Rev.  E.  Bickersteth,  Lon.,  1827, 
6  vols.  4to.  12.  Ditto,  1S27,  6  vols.  4to.  13.  Ditto,  1S32, 
6  vols.  4to.  14.  Ditto,  1846.  6  vols.  4to.  15.  Ditto,  1849, 
6  vols.  4to.  16.  With  Life  of  the  author  by  Sir  J.  B.  Wil- 
liams, 1828,  3  vols.  imp.  8vo.  17.  Ditto,  1849,  3  vols, 
imp.  8vo.  18.  Another  ed.,  1830.  19.  Another  ed.,  1833. 
20.  Another  ed.,  1835.  21.  Another  ed.,  1836.  22.  With 
Life  by  Rev.  11.  Davis,  1844,  6  vols.  8vo.  23.  Another  ed., 
1848-49,  3  vols.  4to.  24.  New  York.  Carter  &  Bros.,  6  vols. 
r.  8vo.  25.  Again,  by  the  same,  1855.  5  vols.  4to.  There 
are  also — an  Abridgment,  by  Bloomfield,  Lon.,  2  vols.  4to. 
Exposition  of  the  Book  of  Proverbs,  1840,  r.  Svo ;  of  the 
Book  of  Psalms,  1852,  p.  8vo.  The  Beauties  of  Henry: 
a  Selection  of  the  most  striking  Passages  in  his  Exposition 
of  the  Bible,  by  J.  Geard,  1797,  12mo. 

The  London  Religious  Tract  Society  pub.,  in  1831-35, 
in  12nio  form  without  the  text,  and  in  super-roy.  8vo 
with  the  text  and  marginal  references,  a  Commentary  on 
the  Bible  from  Henry  and  Scott,  with  numerous  Notes 
and  observ.  from  other  Authors.  This  work  was  received 
with  such  favour  that  more  than  200,000  vols,  were  sold 
by  the  end  of  the  year  1840.  We  have  already  noticed 
with  commendation  (p.  69)  the  Comprehensive  Com- 
mentary (Phila.,  6  vols.  r.  Svo)  which  is  based  principally 
upon  Henry's  Exposition. 

We  now  proieed  to  adduce  some  testimonies  to  the 
value  of  Henry's  invaluable  Commentary  upon  the  Holy 
Scriptures.  It  will  be  remembered  that  the  author  only 
lived  to  complete  his  work  to  the  end  of  the  Acts  of  the 
Apostles.  The  remaining  books  were  commented  upon, 
with  the  assistance  of  Henry's  MSS.,  by  the  following 
Dissenting  divines: 

1.  Romans,  John  Evans.  2.  1st  Corinthians,  Simon 
Brown.  3.  2d  Corinth,  and  1st  and  2d  Thessal.,  Daniel 
Mayo.  4.  Galatians,  Joshua  Bayes.  5.  Ephesians, 
Samuel  Roswell.  6.  Philipp.  and  Coloss.,  Wm.  Harris. 
7.  1st  and  2d  Timothy,  B.  A.  Atkinson.  8.  Titus  and 
Philemon,  Jeremiah  Smith.  9.  Hebrews  and  Revelation, 
Wm.  Toug.  10.  James,  Samuel  Wright.  11.  1st  Peter, 
Zechariah  Marriot.  12.  2d  Peter,  Joseph  Hill.  13.  1st,  2d, 
and  3d  John,  Thos.  Reynolds.  ]  4.  Jude,  John  Billingsley. 
"The  continua,tors  are  not  all  equal  to  the  original;  which  is 
easily  accounted  for,  as  they  accommodated  theiD.eelves  to  the 
manner  of  their  predecessor,  in  which  no  man  could  excel  but 
himself."— OaME:  Bibl.  Bib. 

"Henry  is,  perhaps,  the  only  commentator  ^o  large  that  de- 
serves to  be  entirely  and  attentively  re^id  through.  The  remark- 
able passages  should  be  marked.  There  is  much  to  be  learned  in 
a  speculative,  and  more  in  a  practical,  way." — Dr.  DuDDRinoE. 

Having  read  Henry's  Commentary  *' entirely  and  atten- 
tively through,"  we  can  heartily  endorse  Dr.  Doddridge's 
commendation. 

"  There  is  no  comment  on  the  Bible,  either  ancient  or  modern, 
in  all  respects  equal  to  Mr.  Henry's." — Rev.  W.  Rom.\ine. 

"The  learned  leisure  of  the  universities,  or  the  sanctioned 
names  of  dignitaries,  may  have  produced  works  which  rank  higher 
in  the  esteem  of  scholars;  but  Matthew  Henry  stands  without  a 
rival  as  an  expositor  of  Scripture  for  the  edification  of  the  Church 
of  God." — Ilistnry  of  DisKrnters. 

"Mr.  Henry's  admirable  Commentary  on  the  Scriptures,  which 
hath  been  blessed  to  the  instruction  aud  edification  of  hundreds 
of  miuisters,  and  thousands  of  Christians,  for  more  than  a  cen- 
tury, still  maintains  its  reputation  above  most,  if  not  all,  other 
commentaries." — Bumham's  Pious  3f'-vif>rials, 

"As  long  as  the  Bible  continues,  in  England.  Mr.  Henry's  ad- 
mirable Expositions  will  be  prized  by  all  serious  Christians." — 
William  To.ng. 

Dr.  Adam  Clarke,  referring  to  the  many  abridgments 
of  various  commentaries,  remarks  respecting  those  from 
Henry  : 

"  Every  one  of  which,  while  professing  to  lop  off  his  redundan- 
cies and  supply  his  deficiences,  falls,  by  a  semi-diameter  of  the 
immense  orb  of  literature  and  religion,  shoi-t  of  the  author  bim- 
Belf.  .  .  .  Hh  is  always  orthodox,  generally  judicious,  truly  pious 
and  practical." 


'•  Nor  is  it  feeble  pr.aise  that  the  apostolic  Whitefield,  whose 
labours  and  virtues  inspired  even  the  pen  of  Cowper,  was  trained, 
as  a  Christi.an  aud  a  preacher,  by  Mr.  Henry's  Commentiiry;  that 
he  literally  studied  it  on  his  knees,  read  it  through  four  times, 
and.  to  the  close  of  life,  spoke  of  its  author  with  profound  venera- 
tion*, ever  calling  him  *  the  great  Mr.  Henry.'  " 
Robert  Hall  declares : 

"  1  discern  new  beauties  in  Henry  every  day." 
We  are  told  in  his  memoirs  : 

'*  For  the  last  two  years  he  read  daily  two  chapters  of  Matthew 
Henry's  Commentary.  As  he  proceeded,  he  felt  incieasing  in- 
terest and  pleasure  ;  admiring  the  copiousness,  variety  aud  pious 
ingenuity  of  the  thou'j;hts.  the  simplicity,  strength,  and  preg- 
nancy of  the  expressions.  He  earnestly  recommended  the  Com- 
mentary to  his  daughters ;  and,  on  hearing  the  eldest  reading  for 
successive  mornings  to  the  second,  he  expressed  the  highest 
delight."' 

" '  I  have  often  read  portions  of  Henry's  Commentary,  and  con- 
sulted it;  but  I  have  now  begun  with  the  first  chapter  of  Genesis, 
and  I  mean  to  read  the  work  through  regularly.  I  have  set  my- 
self, sir,  two  chapters  every  morning,  and  I  anticipate  it  as  a 
feast.  This  is  the  way  to  read  Matthew  Henry,  sir.  I  discover 
new  beauties  iu  him  every  day,  that  are  not  obvious  wheu  read- 
ing detached  parts.  I  would  advise  you  to  adopt  the  same 
method,  sir;  you  will  be  quite  delighted  with  it.  1  have  found 
that  the  most  pious  persons  of  my  acquaintance,  in  the  latter 
period  of  their  lives,  have  been  great  readers  of  Henry.  There 
must  be  something  next  to  inspiration  in  him,  sir;  for  as  face 
answers  to  face,  so  does  the  heart  of  one  Christian  to  another.'  I 
asked  his  opinion  of  Scott's  Commentary.  '  Oh,  it  is  a  good  work, 
sir,  but  it  is  not  to  be  compared  to  Henry;  there  is  not  that 
unction  of  spirit  that  there  is  in  Henry.'  " — Green's  Reminiscences 
of  Hubert  Hall. 

"It  would  be  almost  ill-judged  partiality  to  maintain  that  he 
equals  Dr.  Owen  in  profound  and  continuous  thinking,  or  L*r. 
Barrow  in  accuracy  and  elaboration,  or  Dr.  Bates  in  affluent 
phraseology,  or  Jeremy  Taylor  and  John  Howe  in  noble  daring 
and  seraphic  elevation.  lie  belongs  to  a  totally  different  school, 
— one  less  cumbrous,  le^s  obscure.  less  refined,  less  eloquent.  It 
is  praise  sufficient  to  claim  for  him  the  fancy  of  Quarles,  the 
affection  of  Flavel.  the  gentleness  of  Herbert,  the  good  sense  of 
Tillotson.  and  the  terse  sententiousnessand  antithetical  point  of 
Bishop  Hall."— Williams. 

"  The  Commentary  of  Matthew  Henry  has  for  above  a  century 
been  highly  piized  by  Christians  of  all  denominations;  nor  has 
any  sulsequent  one  rendered  it  less  valuable,  or  less  desirable  in 
every  Christian  library.  With  such  views  of  the  virtue  and  ex- 
cellence of  this  work,  views  which  the  writer  has  long  entertained, 
and  some  sense  of  the  benefit  which  he  trusts  that  he  has  person- 
ally derived  from  it  for  many  years,  he  has  great  pleasure  in  making 
these  introductory  remarks.  .  .  .  Very  practical  and  edifying, 
lively,  sound  and  devotional."— Rev.  Edward  Bickersteth. 

"Mr.  Henry's  work  has  long  enjoyed  a  high  and  deserved  repu- 
tation. The  work  is  distinguished,  not  for  the  depth  of  its  learning 
or  the  originality  of  its  views,  but  for  the  sound  practical  pifty 
and  large  measure  of  good  sense  which  it  discovers.  The  author 
was  well  acquainted  with  the  character  and  ways  of  God,  and  pro- 
foundly versant  in  the  science  of  human  nature;  so  that  from  his 
own  experience  he  very  often  instructs  and  edifies  his  readers. 
He  often  leaves  difficulties  unremoved  and  even  unnoticed:  and 
there  is  a  peculiar  quaintness  in  the  turn  of  many  of  his  remarks, 
which  renders  his  work  somewhat  repulsive  to  persons  of  fastidious 
taste:  but  few  books  of  such  extent  on  the  Bible  contain  so  much 
writing  to  the  purpose,  or  are  so  well  fitted  to  promote  the  general 
good  of  men." — ORME:  Bibl.  Bib. 

"  It  is  chiefly  practical;  yet,  without  any  parade  of  learning,  it 
frequently  contains  good  explanations  of  difficult  passages.  The 
numerous  editions  through  ^\bich  it  has  passed  sufficiently  attest 
the  great  estimation  in  which  it  is  held.''— T.  II.  Horne:  Bibl.  Bib. 
"This  work  has  now  been  before  the  Christian  community  for 
more  than  a  hundred  years,  and  has.  from  its  first  publication, 
been  so  well  received,  and  is  so  generally  approved,  that  all  recom- 
mendation of  the  work  seems  now  superfluous.  .  .  .  Many  other 
valuable  commentaries,  it  is  true,  have  been  given  to  the  public 
since  this  work  was  first  edited,  and  have  deservedly  gained  for 
themselves  a  high  estimation  and  extensive  circulation.  But  it 
may  be  safely  said  that  Henry's  Exposition  of  the  Bible  has  not 
been  superseded  by  any  of  these  publications,  and,  iu  those  points 
in  which  its  peculiar  excellence  consists,  remains  unrivalled.  For 
some  particular  purposes,  and  in  some  particular  respects,  other 
commentaries  may  be  preferable;  but.  taking  it  as  a  whole,  and 
as  adapted  to  every  class  of  readers,  this  Commentary  m.ay  bes;iid 
to  combine  more  excellences  than  any  work  of  the  kind  which 
was  ever  written  in  any  language.  It  may  be  more  necessary  for 
the  unlearned  to  read  such  works  as  this,  than  for  the  learned; 
yet  I  am  persuaded  that  there  is  no  man  living,  however  learned, 
but  might  derive  much  practical  instruction  from  Henry's  Expo- 
sition of  the  Bible;  and  if  ministers  of  the  gospel  would  spend 
much  time  in  perusing  this  work,  it  would  manifest  itself  by  the 
richness  and  spirituality  of  their  setnions  and  lectures." — Arcui- 
BALD  Alexander,  D.I).:  I^\facc  to  Ilenrt/'s  Commaitari/. 

Henry,  Patrick,  1736-1799.  a  native  of  Hanover 
county,  Virginia,  was  a  son  of  John  Henry,  of  Aberdeen, 
Scotland,  who  was  a  cousin  to  David  Henry,  of  the  Gen- 
tleman's Magazine,  and  a  nephew  of  the  celebrated  histo- 
rian, Dr.  Robertson.  It  will  thus  be  seen  that  Patrick 
Henry  was  a  cousin  of  the  celebrated  Lord  Brougham. 
Henry  was  one  of  the  first  and  most  strenuous  advocates 
of  American  Independence,  and,  having  distinguished  him- 
self by  great  eloquence  at  the  Bar,  he  was  in  1763  elected 
a  member  of  the  House  of  Burgesses  of  Virginia,  as  an 
opponent  of  the  Stamp  Act;  in  1774  ho  was  a  delegate  to 
the  first  Congress  of  the  Colonies;  in  1776  he  was  elected 


HEN 


HEN 


Governor  of  Virginia;  in  1786  he  was  a  representative  to 
the  Convention  held  at  Philadelphia  for  the  purpose  of 
revising  the  Federal  Constitution  j  in  1794  he  retired  from 
public  iife,  and  died  in  1799. 

For  further  partii-uhirs  respecting  Patrick  Henry  and 
the  extraordinary  powers  of  eloquence  for  which  he  was  so 
famous,  we  refer  the  reader  to  Wirt's  Life  of  Henry,  (first 
pub.  in  1817;)  Life,  by  Alexander  H.  Everett,  in  Sparks's 
Amer.Biog.,  Second  Series,  i.  207-39S ;  Life,  by  G.  S.Arnold, 
N.York,  1855,  lOmo;  Speeches  of  Henry,  Ames,  Pinckney, 
Ac.,  Phila.,  8vo;  the  histories  of  the  period;  art.  in  N.  A. 
Review,  vi.  29'^,  by  Jared  Sparks;  art.  on  American  Ora- 
tors and  Statesmen,  in  Lon.  Quar.  Rev.,  Ixvii.  1-53,  by  A. 
Hayward  ;  in  South.  Lit.  Mess.,  xiii.  505,  by  E.  L.  Magoon  ; 
in  Meth.  Qiiar.  Rev.,  i.  122;  in  Analec.  Mag.,  vi.  376,  x. 
441  ;  Reminiscences  of,  by  Dr.  Archibald  Alexander,  in 
Princeton  Mag.,  and  in  Liv.  Age,  xxvi.  205. 

The  meagre  report  of  Henry's  Speeches  in  our  posses- 
sion is  of  the  most  unsatisfactory  character: 

"They  fall,  of  course,  far  below  his  fame;  and  it  is,  after  all,  on 
the  faith  of  mere  tradition,  attested,  however,  by  tacts  too  nume- 
rous and  of  too  public  a  character  to  leave  it  in  any  way  doubtful, 
that  the  prrsent  aud  future  generations  will  acknowledqe  the  jus- 
tice of  bis  claim  to  ihe  proud  title  that  has  beeu  (riven  him  of  the 
greatest,  orator  of  the  New  World. ' — Alexander  II.  Everett  ;  Life 
of  Hairy. 

"  On  the  retrospect  of  so  many  years,  T  may  be  permitted  to  ex- 
press my  Tiews  of  the  extraordinary  effects  of  Henry's  eloijuence. 
.  .  .  The  power  of  Uenry's  eloquence  was  due,  first,  to  the  great- 
ness of  his  emotion  and  passion,  accompanied  with  a  versatility 
which  enabled  him  to  assume  at  once  any  emotion  or  passion  whiub 
was  suited  to  his  ends.  Not  less  indispensable,  secondly,  was  a 
matchless  perfection  of  the  organs  of  expression,  including  tlie 
entire  apparatus  of  voice,  intonation,  pause,  gesture,  attitude,  and 
in descri liable  play  of  couateuance.'' — Dr.  Archibald  Alexander  : 
SetnimsceJices  of  Henri/. 

"Every  look,  every  motion,  every  pause,  every  start,  was  com- 
pletely filled  and  dilated  by  the  thought  which  he  was  utterinir, 
and  seemed  indei-d  to  furm  a  part  of  the  thought  itself." — William 
Wibt:  Life  of  Hen rt/. 

"The  times  in  which  he  lived  were  suited  to  his  genius:  in 
other  times  we  doubt  if  his  peculiar  powers  would  have  raised  him 
to  a  higher  distinction  than  that  of  an  eloquent  speaker  at  the 
bar.  .  .  .  The  secret  of  his  eloquence  unquestionably  rested  in  his 
power  of  touching  the  springs  of  p.tssion  aud  feeling,  lie  had 
little  to  do  with  the  understanding  or  judgment  of  his  hearers." — 
Jared  Sparks:  iV.  A.  Rev.,  vi.  322;  March.  1818. 

"The  forest-born  Demosthenes." — Lord  Byron. 

Henry,  Philip,  16.11-1696,  father  of  Matthew  Henry 
the  commentator,  aud  also  a  Non-conformist,  was  a  native 
of  AVhitehall,  London  ;  educated  at  Christ  Church,  Oxford ; 
ordained  by  the  Presbytery  in  1657,  and  became  minister 
of  Worthenbury ;  ejected  at  the  Restoration,  and  lived 
in  retirement  until  the  Dissenters  were  allowed  to  preach, 
when  he  devoted  himself  with  great  zeal  to  the  instruction 
of  the  thousands  who  thronged  to  hitu  in  varinus  parts 
of  the  country  near  bis  residence  at  Broad  Oak.  His  holy 
and  useful  life  has  been  admirably  described  by  his  ex- 
cellent son,  the  commentator:  see  Henry,  Matthew. 
1.  18  Serins.,  selected  from  his  original  MS.,  and  2  serms. 
preached  at  his  death  by  F.  Tallents  and  M.  Henry;  now 
first  pub.,  with  Notes  by  Sir  J.  B.  Williams,  Lon.,  1S16,  8vo. 

"The  excellency  of  these  discourses  consists  chiefly  in  the  per- 
tinent introduction  aud  close  application  of  Scripture." — Lon. 
Eclectic  Rccipw. 

2.  Skeletons  of  100  Scrms.,  1S.34,  12mo.  3.  Exposition 
of  the  first  XL  Chapters  of  Genesis;  pub.  from  an  Original 
MS.,  1838,  ISmo. 

"A  precious  relic  of  Christian  piety  aud  wisdom." — Sir  J.  B. 

TVlLLIAMS. 

4.  Select  Remains  of  Philip  Henry  and  Matthew  Henry, 
from  unpub.  MSS.,  by  Sir  J.  B.  Williams,  sm.  Svo.  New 
ed.,  1849,  ISmo.  See  Sir  John  B.  Williams's  ed.  of  Mat- 
thew Henry's  Life  of  Philip  Henry,  with  important  addits., 
Notes,  &c.,  1825,  Svo. 

"The  additions  and  illustrations  suffii'iently  attest  the  merits 
of  the  editor's  performance,  and  recommend  the  volume  to  the 
attention  of  our  readers  as  a  valuable  accession  to  every  library." 
— Lon.  EcUc.  ltd'.,  April,  1S26. 

Also  highly  recommended  by  Robert  Hall:  seehisWorks, 
ed.  1853,  Lon.,  v.  541.  Forty-one  Sermons,  On  What  Christ 
is  made  to  Believers,  will  be  found  appended  to  Sir  J.  B. 
Williams's  ed.  of  Matthew  Henry's  Miscellaneous  Works, 
1830,  imp.  Svo;  N.  York,  1855,  2  vols.  r.  Svo. 

"  Uis  expounding  and  preaching  was  plain  and  pleasant,  warm 
and  savoury,  full  and  overtlowiug,  and  such  as  few  could  reach, 
and  gre;itly  blessed  by  God." — V.  Tallents. 

Many  of  bis  extemporaneous  comments  on  portions  of 
Scripture  read  at  family  worship  will  be  found  recorded 
in  his  son's  Exposition.  A  quaint  writer,  whom  we  fre- 
quently have  occasion  to  quote,  bears  the  following  high 
testimony  to  the  pulpit  ministrations  of  Philip  Henry: 
"Should  Angels  come  from  Heaven,  ('tis  my  sense.) 
They'd  not  be  heard  with  greater  reverence; 


AH  Pulpits  own  his  learned  pieces  raise 
A  work  to  tronlile  Fame,  astonish  Praise 
His  Comments  are  so  full,  and  yet  so  trim, 
We  praise  all  virtues  in  admiring  him." 

John  Dunton. 
Henry,  Robert,  D.D.,  1718-1790,  a  Scotch  Presby- 
terian divine,  a  native  of  Muirtown,  St.  Ninian's,  Stirling- 
shire, was  educated  at  the  University  of  Edinburgh,  and 
subsequently  became  master  of  the  gramniar-sehool  of 
Annan.  He  was  licensed  to  preach  in  1716;  officiated  at 
Carlisle  from  1748  to  1760,  at  Berwick-upnn-Tweed,  1760 
to  1763;  minister  of  the  Church  of  the  New  (Irey-Friara, 
1763-76;  cidleogue-minister  in  the  old  ehurcli  1776- 
90;  Moderator  of  the  General  Assembly  of  the  Church 
of  Scolhmd,  1774.  As  an  author  he  is  most  favourably 
known  by  a  History  of  Great  Brit:nn,  pub.  in  6  vnls.  4to: 
vol.  i.,  1771 :  ii.,  1774  ;  iii.,  1777  ;  iv.,  1781  ;  v.,  1785  ;  vi., 
posth.,  edited  by  Laing.  with  the  Life  of  Henry  prefixed, 
1793.  The  history  embraces  the  period  from  the  first  in- 
vasion of"  the  Romans  under  Julius  CaesJir  to  the  death  of 
Henry  VIIL  A  French  trans,  was  pub.  in  1789-96,  by 
MM.  Rowland  and  Cnntwell.  A  Continuation,  by  Jumea 
Petit  Andrews,  from  the  death  of  Henry  VIII.  to  the  Ac- 
cession of  James  L,  was  pub.  in  1794,  4to  ;  179li,  2  vols. 
Svo;  3d  ed.,  1806,  2  vols.  Svo;  2d  ed.  of  Henry's  Hist., 
1788,  10  vols.  Svo:  3d  ed.,  1796,  10  vols.  Svo;  1800,  12 
vols.  Svo;  4th  and  best  ed.,  with  a  general  index,  1805, 
12  vols,  Svo;  5th  ed..  1814,  12  vols.  Svo;  6th  ed.,  1823, 
12  vols.  Svo;  an  indifferent  ed. 

We  have  already  noticed  the  plan  of  Henry's  History, 
the  Continuation  of  Andrews,  and  the  e.x:cellent  History 
of  England  upon  Henry's  plan,  somewhat  modified,  pub. 
by  Charles  Knight,  in  our  life  of  J.  Petit  Andrews.  Dr. 
Henry  divides  his  work  into  periods,  and  treats  of  each 
in  seven  distinct  points  of  view, —  viz.:  Chap.  I.  Civil  and 
Military  History.  II.  History  of  Religion.  III.  History 
of  the  Constitution,  Government,  Laws,  and  Courts  of  Jus- 
tice. IV.  History  of  Learning,  of  Learned  Men,  and  of 
the  chief  Seminaries  of  Learning.  V.  History  of  Arts. 
VI.  History  of  Commerce,  Shipping,  Money,  «tc.  VII. 
History  of  Manners,  Customs,  ifec. 

To  this  great  work  Henry  devoted  the  anxious  labour 
of  nearly  thirty  years;  and  he  has  certainly  accumulated 
a  vast  store  of  useful  information.  But  to  write  philoso- 
phically and  entertainingly  upon  so  nmny  heterogeneous 
subjects  exceeds  inau's  might.  Even  \vhen  the  scope  is 
far  less  ambitious,  the  charm  of  stylo  possessed  by  a  Huuie, 
a  Robertson,  a  Macaulay,  a  Prescott,  or  a  Bancroft,  can 
alone  interest  the  desultory  reader  in  historical  details. 
For  all  practical  purposes,  Henry's  history  hns  been  su- 
perseded by  the  noble  work  pub.  by  Charles  Knight.  Lon., 
11  vols.  r.  Svo,  (with  Index  vol..)  1849-50,  which  we  have 
already  particuhirly  described  in  our  life  of  J.  Petit  An- 
drews. But  Henry's  history  {with  Andrew's  Continuation, 
14  vols.  Svo,  1S05-06)  is  well  worth  the  trifling  sum  of  35 
to  40  shillings  demanded  by  the  booksellers. 

'■  Too  mu'.h  cannot  be  said  of  iis  arrangement,  nor  for  the  great 
store  of  valuable  mateiiitis  which  it  contains,  which  took  the  au- 
thor thiHy  years  in  collecting  from  every  book  on  record  that 
related  to  the  History  of  Great  Britain,  many  of  which  few  ever 
saw.  and  fewer  would  take  the  trouble  to  investigate." — Lon.  Re- 
trospective Ucview. 

'•A  work  of  no  inconsiderable  reputation,  notwithstanding  the 
nefarious  malignity  with  which  Gilbert  Stuart  endeavoured  to 
blast  the  fruit  of  the  author's  labours,  ruin  him  in  his  fortune, 
and  hvenV.  bis  heart." — Lon.  Quar.  K<:v. 

'■Considerable  merit  in  the  execution  and  complete  originality 
in  the  plan  of  his  history."' — Lord  Cockbum's  Memorialtn/his  Time. 

"The  work  of  Dr.  Henry  is  an  ornament  and  an  honour  to  his 
country." — DUxUn's  BU)li*miania. 

"  Hut  it  is  of  Henry's  History  that  I  would  speak  in  the  warmest 
language  of  approbation." — Dibdui's  Lib.  Ooinp. 

"The  history  is  compiled  with  great  erudition  and  fidelity,  and 
the  plan  has  been  highly  extolled;  but  his  style  is  not  attractive, 
nor  has  the  capricious  taste  of  the  public  rescued  the  work  from 
neglect." — Chanxellor  Kext. 

'•  Much  of  this  sort  of  information,  [respecting  the  enrly  consti- 
tutional history  of  England,]  and  of  every  other  historical  informa- 
tion, may  be  found  in  the  History  of  Dr.  Henry:  but  the  same 
facts,  when  collected  and  printed  in  a  modern  dress,  properly  ar- 
ranged, and  to  be  read  without  ditficulty,  as  they  are  in  the  work 
of  Dr.  Henry,  no  longer  excite  the  same  reflection  nor  obtain  the 
same  possession  of  the  memory  which  they  do  when  seen  in  some- 
thing like  their  native  garb,  in  their  proper  place,  and  in  all  fho 
simplicity,  singularity,  and  quaintness  which  belong  to  thtm." — 
Frof.  Smyth's  LeM^.  on  Mod.  Hist. 

So  much  as  regards  the  collocation  of  records  and  em- 
bodiment of  facts;  but  when  the  cumulative  labours  of 
the  clerk  should  be  succeeded  by  the  analytical  specula- 
tions of  tbo  philosopher,  we  have  the  opinion  of  an  emi- 
nent authority  of  our  own  day,  that  Dr.  Henry — aud 
especially  in  the  department  referred  to  by  Professor 
Smyth — sadly  fails  : 

825 


HEN" 


HEN 


"Those  parts  of  Henry's  history  which  profess  to  trace  the  pro- 
gress of  government  ai-e  still  more  jejune  than  the  rest  of  his 
Tolumes."— Pre/,  to  IlcUlam's  Vum  of  Europe  during  the  Middle 
Ages. 

The  base  conspiracy  of  Gilbert  Stuart  "to  blast  the 
fruit  of  Henry's  labours,  ruiu  him  in  his  fortune,  and 
break  his  heart,"  referred  to  by  the  Quarterly  reviewer,  in 
a  preceding  quotation,  has  been  treated  of  at  great  length 
by  Disraeli  in  his  Calamities  of  Authors ;  and  to  that  work 
we  must  send  the  reader  for  this  sad  story  of  fiendish  ma- 
lignity and  petty  spite.  Stuart  commenced  his  attack  on 
Henry  by  a  severe  critique  in  his  Edinburgh  Magazine 
and  Review,  (established  by  him  in  1773,)  on  a  sermon  of 
the  latter  preached  before  the  Society  for  Promoting  Chris- 
tian Knowledge,  in  1773.  As  respects  the  History,  Stuart 
remarks  in  one  of  his  letters,  dated  Dec.  13,  1773  : 

"David  Hume  wants  to  review  Henry;  but  that  task  is  so  pre- 
cious that  I  w  ill  undertake  it  myself.  Hoses,  were  he  to  ask  it  as 
a  favour,  should  not  have  it;  yea,  not  even  the  man  after  God's 
own  heart." 

The  profanity  of  this  language  is  a  fair  index  to  the 
character  of  the  man  and  the  impartiality  of  the  prospect- 
ive reviewer.  In  the  London  Monthly  Review  for  Janu- 
ary, 1774,  appeared  a  review  of  Henry's  History,  and 
respecting  this  article  Stuart  remarks  : 

'■To  the  former  (the  Monthly  Heview)  I  suppose  David  Hume 
has  transcribed  the  criticism  he  intended  for  us.  It  is  precitms, 
and  would  divert  you.  I  keep  a  proof  of  it  in  ray  cabinet  fur  tha 
aumseinentof  friends.  This  great  philosopher  besins  to  dote."— 
Wt  March,  177-i. 

To  this  letter  Disraeli  appends  the  following  note : 

"The  critique  on  Henry  in  the  Monthly  Review  was  written 
by  Hume;  and,  because  the  philosopher  was  candid,  he  is  here 
Sivid  to  have  doted."— OWd/Hifj'e;;  of  Authors. 

But  we  agree,  with  Chambers  and  Thomson's  Diet,  of 
Eminent  Scotsmen,  (see  vol.  iii.  31,  ed.  1855.)  that  this 
Was  not  the  review  which  Hume  penned.  The  article 
referred  to  by  Stuart  and  Disraeli  is  now  before  us ;  and 
Hume  would  not  have  been  likely  to  have  remarked  that 

"  It  is  not  every  one  who  can  rise  to  the  ingenuity,  the  diguily, 
and  (he  elegance,  of  a  Hume  and  a  Kobertson." 

The  verdict  of  this  reviewer — whoever  he  may  be — and 
that  of  Stuart  are  indeed  sufficiently  unlike:  the  former 
admits  that 

"  Whatever  farther  defects  might  be  pointed  out  in  the  present 
per  forma  nee,  it  must  be  acknowledged  tbat.  upon  the  whule,  it 
possesses  considerable  merit.  The  author,  indeed,  is  not  distin- 
guished by  elevation  of  genius,  by  philosophical  penetration,  or 
by  a  capacity  of  rising  to  the  highest  species  of  histoiical  compo- 
sition ;  but  he  possesses  a  great  share  of  good  sense,  and  his  dili- 
gence and  labour  must  have  been  uncommonly  great.  He  refers 
always  to  his  authorities.  His  style,  if  not  elegant  or  remarkably 
nervous,  is  clear,  and  for  the  most  part,  though  not  univeisally, 
correct.  Asa  collection  of  facts  and  materLils,  Dr.  Henry's  History 
of  Great  Britain  cannot  but  be  peculiarly  useful.  It  is  a  work 
■which  every  gentleman  would  wish  to  place  in  his  librarv.  that 
he  may  be  able  to  consult  it  on  proper  occasions."— ian.  Month. 
Jiev.,  \.19-1-'2D2. 

B-ut  the  implacable  Stuart  will  allow  Henry  no  merits 
whatever : 

"  He  neither  furnishes  entertainment  nor  instruction.  Diffuse, 
Tulgar.  and  ungrammatical.  he  stiips  history  of  all  her  ornaments. 
As  an  antiquary,  he  wants  accuracy  and  knowledge;  and,  as  an 
historian,  he  is  destitute  of  lire,  taste,  and  sentiment.  His  «oik 
is  a  gazette,  in  which  we  find  actions  and  events  without  their 
causes,  and  in  which  we  meet  with  the  names,  without  the  cha- 
racters, of  personages.  He  has  amassed  all  the  refuse  and  lumber 
of  the  times  he  would  record. . .  .  The  mind  of  his  reader  is  afTected 
with  no  agreeable  emotions ;  it  is  awakened  only  to  disgust  and 
fatigue."— £r /("ft.  liev.  and  Mag.,  i.  26&-270. 

But  in  what  striking  contrast  to  this  appears  the  candid 
judgment  of  one  who  had  also,  to  some  extent,  gone  over 
the  same  ground,  and  knew  the  difficulties  of  the  path  ! 

"  His  historical  narratives  are  as  full  as  those  remote  times  seem 
to  demand,  and,  at  the  same  time,  his  inquiries  of  the  antiquarian 
kind  omit  nothing  which  can  be  an  object  of  doubt  or  cui  iosity. 
The  one  as  well  as  the  other  is  delineated  with  great  perspicuity, 
and  no  less  propriety,  which  are  the  true  ornaments  of  this  kind 
of  writing ;  all  superfluous  embellishments  are  avoided  ;  and  the 
reader  will  hardly  find  in  our  language  any  performance  that 
unites  together  so  perfectly  the  two  great  points  of  entertainment 
and  instruction." — David  Uusie:  see  Chambers  and  Thomson's 
Diet,  of  Eminent  Scotsmen,  ed.  1865,  iii.  iJl. 

We  have  already  hinted  that  Henry  would  have  suc- 
ceeded better  had  he  attempted  less;  and  in  this  connexion 
the  following  remarks  are  not  out  of  place  : 

"Da.  JoHASuN. — '  I  have  heard  Henry's  History  of  Great  Britain 
Well  spoken  of.  I  am  told  it  is  carried  on  in  separate  divisions, 
as  the  civil,  the  military,  the  religious  history.  I  wish  much  to 
have  one  branch  well  done,  and  that  is  the  history  of  the  man- 
ners of  common  life.' 

"Dr.  Robertson. — '  Henry  should  have  applied  his  attention  to 
that  alone,  which  is  enough  fur  any  man;  and  he  might  have 
found  a  great  deal  scattered  in  various  books  had  be  read  solely 
with  that  view.  Henry  erred  in  not  selling  his  first  volume  at  a 
mnderate  price  to  the  booksellers,  tliat  they  nii-ht  huxt-  imsln-it 
him  on  till  he  had  got  reputation.  I  sold  my  Histnry  nf  SintLuid 
at  a  moderate  price,  as  a  work  by  which  the  booksellers  mi^rht 
S26 


either  gain  or  not;  and  Cadell  has  told  me  that  Millar  and  he 
have  got  six  thousand  pounds  by  it.  I  afterwards  received  a 
much  higher  price  for  my  writings.  An  author  should  sell  his 
fiisf.  work  for  what  the  booksellers  will  give,  tiil  it  shall  appear 
whether  he  is  aii  author  of  merit,  or.  which  is  the  same  thing  as 
to  purchase-money,  an  author  who  pleases  the  public." — Boswdl's 
Life  nf  Dr.  Johnson. 

Henry  pub.  his  vols,  at  his  own  ri^k,  and  no  doubt 
would  have  profited  more  by  them  had  ho  enjoyed  the 
advantage  of  fair  play ;  nevertheless,  he  cleared  £.S300  by 
his  work,  including  the  1000  paid  him  by  Cadell  in  17S6, 
and  he  was  complimented  by  a  pension  of  £100;  and 
this  was  no  contemptible  sum  in  those  times,  even  for 
thirty  years  of  literary  toil.  In  our  own  days,  indeed, 
some  eminent  historians  receive  much  more  money  for 
much  less  labour;  but  Robert  Henry,  with  all  his  merits, 
(and  these  were  neither  few  nor  inconsiderable,)  was.  as  we 
have  already  hinted,  neither  a  Maeauluy  nor  a  Hallam,  a 
Prescott  nor  a  Bancroft. 

Henry,  Uev.  Robert,  LL.D..  1702-1856,  a  native  of 
Charleston,  S.C.,  Prea.  of  the  College  of  S.  Carolina,  183-t- 
35,  and  184:0-43,  filled  in  succession,  in  that  institution, 
the  Chairs  of  Logic  and  Moral  Philosophy,  of  Metaphy- 
sics, Moral  and  Political  Philosophy,  Metaphysics  and 
Belles-Lettres,  and  of  the  Greek  Language  and  Litera- 
ture. The  last-named  professorship  is  now  (1856)  held 
by  Dr.  Henry.  He  has  pub.  several  serms..  Eulogies  on 
Prof.  Smith,  President  Maxcy,  and  John  C.  Calhoun,  and 
contributed  several  papers  to  the  Southern  Review. 

Henry,  Thomas,  apothecary  of  Manchester,  pub.  a 
number  of  medical,  chemical,  and  other  works,  1773-83. 

Henry,  Thomas  Charlton,  D.D.,  1790-1827,eldest 
son  of  Alexander  Henry,  of  Philadelphia,  (for  many 
years  President  of  the  American  Sunday-School  Union,) 
graduated,  in  ISH,  o.t  Middlebury  College,  and,  after  a 
course  of  theological  study  at  Princeton,  wag  ordained  to 
the  ministry  in  1816.  In  1818  he  became  pastor  of  the 
Presbyterian  Church  in  Columbia,  S.C.,  where  he  laboured 
with  great  zeal  and  success  for  a  period  of  five  years.  In 
Jan.  1824  he  accepted  a  call  to  the  Second  Presbyterian 
Church  of  Charleston,  S.C.,  and  carried  into  this  new 
field  that  spirit  of  earnest  devotion  which  had  marked  his 
course  from  his  first  entrance  into  the  ministry.  In  1826 
he  was  obliged  by  the  failure  of  his  health  to  seek  the 
benefit  of  a  tbreign  climate;  and  he  accordingly  spent  six 
months  in  France  and  Great  Britain,  eliciting  "golden 
opinions"  on  every  side  by  his  extensive  scholarship, 
refined  taste,  and  fervent  piety.  On  the  1st  of  October, 
1827,  he  was  attacked  by  the  yellow  fever,  then  prevalent 
in  Charleston,  and  died  after  an  illness  of  four  days. 

Dr.  Henry  was  tlie  author  of  three  valuable  works, 
viz.  : — 1.  An  Inquiry  into  the  Consistency  of  Popular 
Amusements  with  a  Profession  of  Christianity,  Charleston, 
1825.  2.  Moral  Etchings  from  the  Religious  World,  1828, 
8vo.  3.  Letters  to  an  An.xious  Inquirer;  designed  to 
relieve  the  difficulties  of  a  Friend  under  Serious  Impres- 
sions, 1828,  12mo.  Pub.  in  Lon.,  1S29.  12mo;  with  a 
Memoir  of  the  Author  by  Rev.  Thos.  Lewis,  and  a  Pre- 
face by  John  Pye  Smith,  D.D.  This  excellent  work  has 
passed  through  many  eds.  in  England  and  America,  and 
is  undoubtedly  one  of'  the  very  best  treatises  that  can  be 
placed  in  the  hands  of  an  "anxious  inquirer."  We  quote 
a  brief  extract  from  a  highly  eulogistic  review  by  an 
eminent  authority : 

"  In  the  present  age  there  has  no  work  appeared,  perhaps,  of 
greater  interest  upon  the  subject  of  experimental  religion,  than 
the  Letters  which  we  now  take  leave  to  introduce  to  the  attention 
of  our  readers.  They  are  the  production  of  a  master-mind,  deeply 
read  in  the  Scriptures,  in  the  knowledge  of  the  human  heart,  and 
in  the  phenomena  of  Christian  experience.  .  .  .  Dr.  Smith's  pre- 
face must  tend  to  secure  ihe  attention  of  the  public  to  a  work 
which  must  very  soon  speak  for  itself  in  every  Christian  circle 
throughout  the  land." — Lnn.  Evangdind  May..  April,  1S29. 

Another  authority  remarks  of  this  work: 

"  It  will  be  found  a  treasure  to  the  Anxious  Inquirer;  and  we 
hope  many  of  otir  nioi'e  advanced  readers  who  watch  over  the  first 
impressions  of  their  younger  friends  will  avail  themselves  of  tha 
powerful  aid  of  this  admirable  treatise." — Lon.  Evangelical  Bo- 
gisler. 

"  A  valuable  work." — Loiandes's  Brit,  Lib. 

Henry,  Capt.  >V.  S.  Campaign  Sketches  of  the 
War  with  Mexico,  N.  York,  12mo. 

Henry,  Walter,  Surgeon  R.  A.  Events  of  a  Mili- 
tary Life  in  the  Peninsula,  &c. ;  2d  ed.,  1843,  2  vols.  cr.  8vo. 

"  A  perusal  so  amused  us  that  we  must  invite  our  readers  to  a 
participation  in  the  '  feast  of  reason.'  " — Lcn.  Quar.  Uev. 

"The  storming  of  Badajoz  has  been  frequently  described  by 
those  present  at  that  tremendous  conflict;  but  we  do  not  remem- 
ber having  heard  any  thing  of  it  so  powerfully  affecting  as  Mr. 
Henry's  account.'' — Lnn.  Literary  Gazette. 

Henry,  \Vm.,  D.D.,  Rector  of  Urney,  and  Dean  of 
Kilialoe.     Serms.,  &c.,  1749-62. 


HEN 

Henry,  \Vm.,  of  Lancaster,  Pa.  Descrip.  of  a  Self- 
mnviii"  or  Sentinel  Register:  Trans.  Amor.  Soc.,  i.  350. 

Henry,  VVni.,  M.D.,  1775-18:i6,  a  sun  of  Thioinas 
Henry,  of  Miineliester,  {anie.)  1.  General  View  of  Cho- 
uiistry,  I.on.,  1790,  12mo.  2.  Epitome  of  Chemistry,  1800, 
12mo;  Edin.,  1806,  Svo;  6th  eJ.,  entitleil  Elements  of  Ex- 
perimental Chemistry,  Lon.,  1810,  2  vols.  Svo;  1815,  2  vols. 
Svo.  .3.  Dissert.  Chemico-Medica,  ie.,  Edin.,  1807,  8yo. 
Dr.  Henry  pub.  many  profess,  papers  in  Phil.  Trans.,  Nic. 
Jour.,  Medico-Chirurg.  Trans.,  and  Thom.  Ann.  Philos., 
1797-1813,  and  wrote  sketches  of  Priestley,  Davy,  and 
WoUaston,  which  have  heeu  greatly  admired. 

Henryson,  Edward.  1.  Com.  in  Tit.  .\.  lib.  secundi 
Institutionum,  Par.,  1566,  Svo.  2.  Pro  Eguinardo  Barone 
adversus  Goveanum  do  Jurisdictiono,  libri  duo,  Par.,  1655, 
Svo. 

Henryson,  Edward,  LL.D.  The  Actis  and  Con- 
stituti"UMs  of  tlie  Kealuie  of  Scollaiid.  Edin.,  1566,  fol. 

Henry^>on,  or  Henderson,  Kobcvt,  a  poet  of  the 
15th  century,  chief-sehocdmaster  of  Dunlermline,  Scot- 
land. 1.  The  Traitie  of  Orpheus  Kyng,  Edin.,  150S. 
Printed  by  Chapman  and  Millar.  2.  The  Testament  of 
Cressid,  Edin.,  1593,  4to.  This  poem  is  a  sequel  to 
Chaucer's  Troilus  and  Creseide,  and  is  printed  in  some 
eds.  of  that  poet's  works.  3.  Fabils,  1621;  thirteen  in 
number.  Printed  by  Andrew  Hart.  There  were  several 
earlier  eds.  Reprinted  for  the  Bannatyno  Club  in  1832. 
One  of  the  best  of  the  fables  is  the  V'poulands  Mouse 
and  the  Burgesse  Mouse.  But  the  most  beautiful  of  all 
his  productions  is  Robene  and  Makyne,  alleged  to  be  the 
earliest  specimen  of  pastoral  poetry  in  the  Scottish  lan- 
guage.    This  poem,  with  the  Testament  of  Cressid,  was 


HER 

Hcnshaw,  Nathaniel,  M.D.  Aero-Chalinos;  or,  A 
Rcjji^tcr  lor  the  Air,  iHilil.,  11)44;  Lon.,  1677,  12mo. 

Henshaw,  Tlionias.    May-Dew  ;  Phil.  Trans.,  1C65. 

Ilenshun,  Gravenor.  The  Civil,  Political,  and 
Mechanical  Hist,  of  the  Framework  Knitters  in  Europe 
and  America,  Netting..  1831,  Svo;  all  pub. 

'•Ibis,  though  in  .ceveral  respects  a  sh.illow  and  prejudiced,  is, 
on  the  whole,  a  cuiious  and  intciestiii;,',  wni-k;  and  it  is  to  he  re- 
gretted that  it  was  not  finished."— il/c 'u/fcyc/i's  Lit.  r,/ JUit.  Emn. 

Henslow,  Rev.  John  Stevens,  M.A.,  Prof,  of  Bo- 
tany in  the  Univ.  of  Cambridge.  1.  Principles  of  Descrip. 
and  Physiog.  Botany,  Lon.,  1835.  fp.  Svo;  1841,  fp.  Svo. 
2.  Letters  to  the  Farmers  of  Suftolk,  1843,  Svo.  3.  Books 
of  Moses,  adapted  to  Young  Persons,  1848,  12mo.  4. 
Papers  in  Ann.  of  Philos.,  Trans.  Brit.  Assoc,  &c.  See  a 
biographical  sketch  of  Prof.  H.  in  Knight's  Eng.  Cyc, 
Biog.,  vol.  vi.,  Supp. 

Henslowe,  William  Henry,  Curate  of  West  Til- 
bury, Essex.  1.  Eight  Serms.,  Lon.,  1836,  Svo.  2.  Pho- 
nartbron  ;  or.  Sounils  of  Speech,  1841,  r.  Svo. 

Hentz,  Mrs.  Caroline  tee,  d.  Feb.  11,  1856,  at 
M.arianna,  Florida,  was  a  native  of  Lancaster,  Mass.,  a 
daughter  of  (Jeneral  John  Whiting,  and  a  sister  of  Gene- 
ral Henry  Whiting.  U.S.  Army.  In  1825  Miss  Whiting 
was  married  to  Professor  N.  M.  Hentz.  Mrs.  Hentz  was  a 
voluminous  contributor,  both  of  prose  and  poetry,  to  the 
periodicals  of  the  day;  .and  many  of  her  tales  have  been 
collected  into  volumes,  which  proved  so  popular  that  93,000 
were  sold  in  America  in  the  course  of  three  years.  In 
addition  to  the  works  inclmled  in  the  fulluwing  list,  she 
has  written  De  Lara,  or  the  Moorish  Bride,  a  Tragedy, 
which  gained  a  prize  of  $500,  (pub.  in  book  form;)  La- 
morah,  or  The  Western  Wild,  a  Tragedy,  (pub.  in  a  news- 


printed  (sixty-five  copies)  for  the  Bannatyne  Club,  by  paper  at  Columbus,  Georgia ;)  Constance  of  Werdenberg, 
George  Chalmers,  in  1824,  4to,  £3  13s.  6i^  Specimens  ^  Tragedy,  (unpuh.;)  Human  and  Divine  Philosophy,  a 
of  Henryson's  poetry  will  be  found  in   the  collections  of     ^^^^  ;  ain\  other  poetical  pieces.     1.  Aunt  Patty's  Scrap 


271- 


Hailes,  Pinkerton,  Ramsay,  Sibbald,  Irving,  .and  Elli 

"  The  vai  ious  works  of  Henryson  afford  so  excellent  a  specimen 
of  tbe  Scottisli  lant^uaj^e  .lud  veisilication,  that  a  complete  col- 
lection, printed  with  due  accuracy  and  accompanied  with  proper 
illustrations,  could  not  fail  to  be  hi^dily  acceptable  to  the  lovers 
of  our  early  literature." — Dr.  David  Irving:  see  his  Lives  of  the 
Scottish  Poets,  and  his  article  on  HenrysOQ  iu  the  Eucyc.  Brit., 
and  references  theie  subjuined. 

Henshall,  Samuel,  d.  1S07,  Rector  of  St.  Mary, 
Stratford-Bow,  Essex.  1.  Specimens  and  Parts:  Hist,  of 
Kent,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1793,  '98,  4to.  2.  Saxon  and  English 
Languages,  1798,  4to.  3.  Domesday-Book;  trans.,  with 
Introduc.  Notes  and  Illust.  of  S.  Henshall  and  John  Wil- 
kinson, 1799,  4to.  To  this  should  bo  added  the  recently- 
made  Index. 

"This  most  ancient  record  in  tbe  kinpdnm  is  tbe  register  from 
which  judgment  was  to  be  given  upon  the  value,  tenure,  and 
services  of  the  lands  therein  described,  and  was  made  from  the 
survey  ordeied  by  William  the  Conqueror.  'It  is  styled  rt 
Hume  the  most  valuable  piece  op  ANTidOiTl  possessed  Br  ani 

NATION.'  " 

Respecting  Domesday-Book,  see  Marvin  a  Leg.  BibL, 
_71-273,  and  works  there  referred  to.  4.  Serm.,  1805.  5. 
Etymological  Organic  Reasoner,  ic,  1807,  No.  1. 

Henshaw,  Uavid,  1790-1852,  a  native  of  Leicester, 
Mass.;  Collector  of  the  Port  of  Boston.  1830-38;  nomi- 
nated Secretary  of  the  Navy  by  President  Tyler  in  1843, 
but  not  confirmed  by  the  Senate.  Ho  was  a  frequent  con- 
tributor to  the  columns  of  the  Boston  Post,  and  to  other 
periodicals. 

Henshaw,  J.  Sidney,  changed  from  J.  Henshaw 
Belcher,  by  the  Pcun.  Legislature,  in  1S45,  b.  Bos- 
ton, 1814,  descended  from  tbe  Colonial  Governor,  Jona- 
than Belcher.     1.  Philosophy  of  Human   Progress,  1835. 

2.  Incitements  to  Moral  and  Intellectual  Well-doing,  1836. 

3.  Round  the  World,  1840,  2  vols. ;  2d  ed.,  1846.  4.  Life 
of  Father  Mathow,  1S47,  ISmo.  5.  U.S.  Manual  for  Con- 
suls, 1849,  ISuio,  &c. 

Henshaw,  John  Prentis  Kewley,  D.D.,  d.  1852, 
a  native  of  Middletown,  Conn.,  for  many  years  Reetor  of 
St.  Peter's  Church,  Baltimore,  was  consecrated  Bishop  of 
Rhode  Island  in  1843.  1.  On  Confirmation,  Bait.  2.  Se- 
lection of  Hymns.  3.  Lects.  on  the  Advent.  4.  Theology 
for  the  People  of  Baltimore,  1840,  Svo. 

"  Sound  and  practical."— BicAti-sftt/f's  C.  S. 

See  a  review  of  the  Life  and  Character  of  Bishop  Hen- 
shaw, in  N.  York  Church  Review,  v.  397. 

Henshaw,  Joseph,  D.D.,  d.  1678,  Preb.  of  Peterbo- 
rough, Dean  of  Cliichcster,  1660;  Bishop  of  Peterborough, 
1663  1.  Horm  Succissiva;,  Lon.,  1631,  Svo;  2d  and  3d 
eds,  same  year;  5th  ed.,  1640,  12mo;  7th  ed.,  1661,  12mo. 
New  ed.,  by  Wm.  Turnbull,  1839,  ISnio.  2.  Dayly  Thoughts ; 
3d  ed.,  1651,  Svo.  New  ed.,  with  a  third  part  by  Bishop 
Kidder,  1841,  ISmo. 


Bag,  1846.  2.  The  Mob  Cap,  and  other  Tales,  1848.  3. 
Linda;  or,  the  Young  Pilot  of  the  Belle  Creole,  1850.  4. 
Rena;  or,  the  Snow  Bird,  1851.  5.  Marcus  W.arland ;  or, 
the  Lon"  Moss  Spring,  1S52.  6.  Eoline;  or.  Magnolia  Vale, 
1352.  7.  Wild  Jack  ;  or.  The  Stolen  Child,  1853.  8.  Helen 
and  Arthur;  or.  Miss  Thusa's  Spinning  Wheel,  1853.  9. 
Ugly  Effie  ;  or,  The  Neglected  One  and  the  Beauty,  1853. 
10.  The  Planter's  Northern  Bride,  1854.  11.  Love  after 
Marriage;  and  other  Stories.  12.  The  Banished  Son  ;  and 
other  Stories.  13.  The  Victim  of  Excitement;  the  Parlour 
Serpent;  and  other  Novelettes.  14.  The  Flowers  ot  Elo- 
cution; aClass-Book,  1856.  15.  Robert  Graham;  a  sequel 
to  Linda,  1856.  16.  Ernest  Linwood,  1866.  An  interest- 
ing .sketch  of  Mrs.  Hentz,  by  Madame  Oetavia  Walton  Le 
Vert,  of  Mobile,  will  be  found  in  Professor  Hart's  Female 
Prose  Writers  of  America. 

Henville,  Philip.     Serms.,  ic,  Lon.,  1799,  ISOO. 
Hepburn,   George.      Tarrugo    Unmasked;    or.  An 
Answer  to  Apollo  Mathematicns,  Edin.,  1698,  4to. 

Hepburn,  George  Bnchau.     General  View  of  the 
Agricult..  Ac.  of  Mid-Lothian,  Liui.,  1794,  4to. 

"  Always  reckoned  one  of  the  best  ef  the  many  county  views  that 
were  received  by  the  Board  of  Agriculture."— -D"n(lWs'</i's  -Iff.  B:nff. 
Hepburn,  James  Bonaventura,  1573-1020i'  a 
native  of  Hamstocks,  Haddingtonshire,  Scotland,  was  ce- 
lebrated for  his  knowledge  of  tongues.  It  is  declared  that 
ho  was  acquainted  with  3eve,ili/-lmo  languages  !  He  pub. 
a  Hebrew  and  Chaldaic  Dictionary,  and  an  Arabic  Gram- 
mar, Rome,  1591,  4to,  and  left  some  MS.  trans,  from  the 
Hebrew.  See  Chambers  and  Thomson's  Biog.  Diet,  of 
Eminent  Scotsmen,  and  authorities  there  quoted. 

Hepburn,  John.  The  American  Defence  of  The 
Christian  Golden  Rule,  1715,  Svo. 

Hepburn,  Robert,  a  native  of  Scotland,  b.  1690. 
1.  Demonstratio  quod  Deus  sit,  Edin.,  1714,  Svo.  2.  Dis- 
sert, de  Scriptis  Pitcarnianis,  1715,  Svo.  In  1711  l>o  t^gan 
the  publication  of  a  periodical  paper,  of  which  30  Nos. 
were  pub.,  eutitled  Tbe  Tatlor,  by  Donald  Macstalf  ot  the 
North.     Lord  Hailes  styles  Hepburn  ,    ,    ,.,     ,,      . 

■•  Ingenii   pra.>cocis   et  prafervidi. '     See   Tytler's  Life  of  Lord 

Hepwith,  John.  The  Caledonian  Forest,  Lon.,  1641, 
4to.  A  poetical  tract  of  14  leaves  on  some  political  cha- 
racters of  the  day. 

Herapath,  Edwin  John  Moore,  b.  1822,  a  b.ar- 
ristcr,  a  son  of  John  llerai.ath,  is  the  editor  ol  a  work  on 
Railway  Law,  and  of  Heriipath's  Journal. 

Herapath,  John,  b.  in  Bristol,  England,  1793,  is 
author  of  a  very  valuable  work  on  Mathematical  Physics, 
Lon.,  1847,  2  vols.  Svo,  still  (1856)  in  progress  of  publi- 
cation ;  and  of  various  treatises  on  physics  and  mathema- 
tics, experiments  on  Four  and  Six  Wheel  Locomotives,  4c. ; 


HER 

also  editor  of  the  Railway  Maeazine,  and  of  Herapath's 
Railway  Journal  from  18:lS  to  the  yirescnt  time. 

Herapath,  Thornton  John,  b.  in  Bristol,  England, 
1830,  a  sun  of  William  Hurapath  Thornton,  i8  author  of 
numerous  niuraoirs  on  chemical  subjects. 

Herapatli,  William,  h.  in  Bristol,  England,  1796, 
an  eminent  chemist  and  to.ticolugist,  is  author  of  several 
memoirs  and  reports  on  chemical  subjects. 

Herapath,  William  Bird,  M.D.,  b.  in  Bristol,  Eng- 
land, a  sun  of  William  Herapath,  is  author  of  several  me- 
moirs on  medical  subjects. 

Herard,  Moses.  His  Pleadings  in  the  Duke  of  Ma- 
zarin's  Case,  Lon.,  1699,  8vo. 

Ileraud,  J.  A.  1.  Stamp  Tables,  Lon.,  1798,  4to.  2. 
Stamp  Laws,  1801,  Svo.  Supp.,  ISOl,  Svo.  3.  StampLaws 
and  Duties,  1824.  Svo. 

Heraud,  John  Abraham.  1.  Descent  into  Hell; 
and  otlier  I'ucms,  Lon.,  I2mo.  2.  Jiulgjiient  of  the  Flood  ; 
a  Poem,  imp.  ,Svo.  3.  Legend  of  St.  Luy  ;  and  other  Poems, 
Svo.  4.  Voyages  up  the  Mediterranean  and  other  Seas, 
p.  Svo.  See  Church  of  Eng.  Quar.  Rev. ;  Lon.  Naval  and 
Military  Ga/.ette.  5.  Salavera:  a  Tragedy.  6.  The  Two 
Brotliers.  7.  Videna ;  a  Tragedv,  Svo.  See  Powell's  Liv- 
ing Autl)ors  of  England,  N.  York,  1S49  :  Dr.  Shelton  Mac- 
kenzie's cd.  of  Noctes  Anibrosianas,  1S55,  iii.  459. 

Herbert,  Mr.  The  Spanish  Outlaw;  a  Nov.,  1807,  4 
vols. 

Herbert,  Hon.  Alscrnon,  1792-1855,  sixth  and 
youngest  sou  of  Henry,  Eail  of  Carnarvon,  and  Elizabeth 
Alicia  Maria,  daughter  of  Charles,  Earl  of  Egremont,  was 
educated  at  Eton,  at  Christ  Church,  and  at  E.\eter  College, 
and  in  1815  became  Fellow  of  Merton  College,  Oxford.  In 
1815  he  was  called  to  the  Bar  by  the  Hon.  Society  of  the 
Middle  Temple.  1.  Nimrod;  a  Discourse  upon  Certain 
Passages  of  History  and  Fable,  Part  I,  1826,  Svo,  pp.  650. 
Remodelled,  1828,2  vols.  Svo;  vol.  iii.,  1828,  Svo;  vol.  iv., 
Pt.  1,  1829  ;  vol.  iv.  Pt,  2,  1830.  A  work  of  great  learn- 
ing. 2.  Britannia  after  the  Romans,  1836-41,  2  vols.  4to. 
3.  An  Essay  on  the  Neo-Druidic  Heresy.  4.  Nennius:  the 
Irish  Versi<in  of  the  Historia  Britonum,  with  an  Intro- 
duction aud  Notes,  1S48,  41o.  Eor  the  Irish  Archieological 
Society.  6.  Cyclops  Christianus  :  an  Argument  to  disprove 
the  supposed  Antiquity  of  Stonehenge,  and  other  Mega- 
lithic  erections  in  England  and  Britanny,  1819,  Svo. 

"  Mr.  Ik'ibert  Mas  a  man  of  extraordinary  leaiuin;r  and  very 
acute  understanding,  and  certaiulv  the  foiemost  wiiter  in  that 
line  of  research  in  which  he  was  enrra-ed.'— £oii.  Ocnt.  M,ia..  D-c 
18o5,  where  see  a  Wosraphical  skebh  ot  this  eiiiinent  scholar. 

Herbert,  Arthur,  Earl  of  Torringdon.  1.  A  Plain 
Eelatiun  of  the  Action  at  Sea,  between  his  Fleet  and 
the  French,  from  June  22  to  July  5,  Lon.,  1690,  4to.  2. 
An  Imparti.al  Account  of  some  remarkable  Passao-es  in 
his  Life,  1691,  4to. 

Herbert,  Caroline.  Human  Life  with  variations; 
or,  The  Chapter  of  Accidents,  1S18,  ]2mo. 

Herbert,  Charles.  The  Introduc.  to  the  Dutch 
Jurisprudence  of  Hugo  Grotius;  now  first  rendered  into 
English,  Lon.,  Svo. 

Herbert,  Lord  Edward,  of  Cherbury,  in  Shrop- 
shire, 15S1-164S,  the  descendant  of  a  very  ancient  family, 
■which  even  to  the  present  time  (1S56)  adorns  the  Republic 
of  Letters,  was  born  at  Montgomery  Castle,  in  Wales,  edu- 
cated at  University  College,  London,  and  subsequently 
distinguished  himself  as  a  soldier  on  the  continent,  an 
ambassador  in  France,  and  an  author  abroad  and  at  home. 
1.  De  Veritate,  prout  distinguitur  a  Revelatione  Veri- 
simili,  Possibili,  et  a  Fiilso,  Paris,  1624;  Lon.,  1633,  4to. 
Cui  operi  additi  sunt  duo  alii  tractatus :  primus  de  c'ausis 
crrorum;  alter  de  Religione  Laici,  Lon.,  1645,  4to;  1656, 
12mo.  2.  De  Religione  Gcntilium;  Errorunniue  apnd  eos 
Causis,  Amst.,  1663,  4to;  1700,  Svo.  In  English,  Lon., 
1705,  Svo.  In  his  De  Veritate  and  De  Religione  Gentilium 
'•  His  lordship  seems  to  have  been  one  of  the  first  that  formed 
Deism  into  a  system,  and  asiierted  the  sufBciency,  universality, 
and  absolute  peifection  of  natural  religion,  with  a  view  to  discard 
all  exti  aoidinary  revelation  as  useless  and  needless.  lie  seems  to 
assume  tu  himself  the  glory  of  having  accomplished  it  yyith  gieat 
labour  and  a  diligent  inspection  into  all  religions,  and  applauds 
himself  tor  it  as  happier  than  any  Archimedes."— Zt-tojici's  Unst- 
icat  Writers. 

"Lord  Herbert  of  Cherbury.  in  his  treatise  De  Veritate,  .ind  still 
more  in  that  De  Ileligione  i-Jenlilium.  has  been  justly  deemed 
inimical  to  every  positive  religion.  He  admits,  indeed, 'the  possi- 
bility of  immediate  revelation  from  heaven,  but  denies  that  any 
tradition  from  others  can  have  suilicient  certainty.  Five  funda- 
mental truths  of  natural  religion  he  holds  to  be  such  as  all  man- 
kind are  bound  to  acknowledge,  and  damns  those  heathens  who 
do  not  receiie  them  as  summarily  as  any  theologian." — HaUam's 
Lit.  Hist,  (if  Eiirtipc. 

Yet  it  has  been  observed  of  De  Veritato,  that,  although 
written  to  disprove  the  truth  of  the  Scriptures,  it  is 


HER 

I  "A  book  so  strongly  emhued  with  the  light  of  revelation  rela- 
tive to  the  moral  virtues  and  a  future  life,  that  no  man  ignorant 
of  the  Scriptures  or  of  the  knowledge  derived  from  them  could 
have  writteu  \l."— Editor  qfith  ed.  of  Lord  Ihrberfs  Life. 

j  .  Jt  is  certainly  not  a  little  curious  that  his  lordship 
should  have  sought— and,  according  to  his  own  .account, 

;  have  received— a  revelation  from  heaven  to  encourage  the 
publication  of  his  work  in  disproof  of  Revelation  !  He 
"asked  for  a  sign,"  and  was  answered— he  assures  us — by 
"a  loud,  though  yet  gentle,  noise  from  the  heavens." 

'-Tbere  is  no  stronger  characteristic  of  human  nature  than  its 
being  open  to  the  grossest  contradictions.  One  of  Lord  Herbert's 
chiel  arguments  against  revealed  religion  is  the  improbability  that 
heaven  should  reveal  Its  will  to  only  a  portion  of  the  earth,  which 
he  terms  purticulur  religion.  How  could  a  man  (supposino-  the 
accident  genuine)  who  doubted  of  parlial,  believe  individual,  rmc- 
lutumr  W  hat  vanity,  to  think  his  book  of  such  imporlance  to  the 
cause  of  truth,  that  it  could  extort  a  declaration  of  the  Divine  will 
when  theiulerestsofhalfmankindcould  not."— Horace  Walpole : 
It.  and  N.  Authors. 

Lord  Herbert's  arguments  against  Revelation  have  been 
answered  by  Gassendi,  Baxter,  Locke,  Leland,  Halyburton, 
Bishop  Van  Mildert,  Kortholt,  &c.  The  work  of  "the  last- 
named  is  entitled  De  tribus  Impostoribus  magnis  Liher, 
Kiloui,  1680,  Svo;  Hamburg,  1701,  4to. 

'■In  this  treatise  the  principles  of  the  three  great  deistical  lead- 
ers, Herliert,  Hobbes,  and  Spinosa.  are  thoroughly  exposed;  copious 
quotations  are  given  from  their  writings;  and  the  aulbors  are 
exhiliited  in  their  true  light  as  wilful  deceivers."— Bishop  Van 

WiLDERT. 

But  see  Leland's  Deistical  Writers. 

3.  History  of  the  Lite  and  Reign  of  Henry  VIIL  of 
England,  Lon.,  1649,  '72, '82,  fol.  In  Kennel's  C(dlee.,  ii. 
p.  1,  1706.  Also  reprinted  by  Horace  Walpole,  1770,  4to. 
An  excellent  work. 

An  eminent  authority,  after  enumerating  a  number  of 
works  upon  this  period,  remarks; 

"Above  all,  Edward.  Lord  Herbert,  of  Cherburv,  may  be  truly 
said  to  have  written  the  life  and  reign  of  King  Henry  the  Ki^-hth- 
having  aciinitted  himself  with  the  like  reputation  as  thelord- 
Chancellnr  Uaeon  gained  by  that  of  Henry  the  Seventh.  For  in 
the  politic  and  martial  part  this  honourable  author  has  been  ad- 
mirably particular  and  exact,  from  the  best  records  that  were 
extaut;  though,  as  to  the  ecclesiastical,  he  seems  to  have  looked 
upon  it  as  a  thing  out  of  his  province,  and  an  undert,iking  more 
proper  for  men  of  another  profession."— Bishop  Nicolsox  •  Ena 
Hist.  Lib.  *'' 

"  To  this  it  may  be  added  that  he  throws  considerable  li"-ht  upon 
our  legal  history.  .  .  .  The  chief  error  in  this  production  is,  that 
the  noble  histuiiau  is  too  liivouiably  disposed  towards  his  hero, 
and  treats  with  too  lenient  and  palliating  a  hand  the  cruelties  and 
vices  of  that  monarch.  In  olher  respects  the  Life  of  Henry  VIII. 
IS  a  highly  valuable  work,  aud  contains  much  information  which 
is  not  to  be  had  elsewheie." — Lon.  lietrospec.  Rev.,  vii.  329  1S23 

"His  reign  of  Henry  the  Eighth  is  allowed  to  be  a  masterpiece 
of  histm  ic  biography."— Horace  Walpole  ;  Advert,  to  the  Life  of 
Lord  Herbert.  •'     •' 

"  Has  ever  been  esteemed  one  of  the  best  histories  in  the  English 
language;  but  there  is  not  in  it  that  perfect  candour  which  one 
would  wish,  or  expect  to  see,  in  so  celebrated  a  historian.  He  has 
given  us  a  much  juster  portrait  of  himself  than  he  has  of  Ilenrv 
He  appears  to  have  laid  open  every  foible  or  defect  in  his  own  cha- 
racter, but  has  cast  the  monstrous  vices  of  that  merciless  tyrant 
into  shade,  and  has  displayed  to  great  advantage  his  galla'ntry 
magniticence,  and  generosity."- Graii.ffrr's  Biag.  Hist  of  Eng 

"A  book  of  good  authority,  relatively  at  least  to  any  that  pre- 
ceded, and  writteu  in  a  manly  and  judicious  spirit."— i/uHam's 
Lit.  Hist,  of  Europe. 

'•  Lord  Herbert's  Henry  the  8th  well  deserves  reading;  he  was 
a  free-thinker  and  a  free  writer,  his  information  was  good,  and  the 
era  particularly  interesting."— Richard  Farmer,  D.D. 

4.  Expcditio  Buekinghami  Ducis  in  Ream  insul.am,  anno 
1630,  ed.  Timoth.  Baldwin,  1656.  Svo.  6.  Occasional 
Verses,  1665,  Svo,  pp.  104,  pub.  by  bis  son,  Henry  Herbert, 
and  dedicated  to  Edward,  Lord  Herbert,  his  (the  author's) 
grandson.  An  extremely  rare  vol.  Bibl.  Anglo-Poet., 
376,  £15.  Sotheby's,  in  1S25,  £5  5s.  Bindley,  Pt.  2,  65S, 
£6  ISs, 


"  His  lordship's  scarce  volume  of  Occasional  Poems  consists 
chiefly  of  metaphysical  love-verses;  ingenious,  but  unnatural; 
platouic  in  sentiment,  but  frequently  gross  in  expression  ;  and 
marked  by  an  eccentricity  which  pervaded  the  life  and  chamcler 
of  Lord  Herbert.  Two  short  eUusions,  however,  may  not  be  un- 
acceptable."—i'iiri-"s  Walpole's  It.  and  X.  Authors. 

The  critic  quotes— To  A  Young  Pale  Beauty,  and  To  Hia 
Watch,  When  He  Could  Not  Sleep. 

"  Like  his  brother,  George  Herbert,  whose  poems  we  noticed  in 
a  fiwmer  volume.  Lord  Herbert  is  often  both  rugged  and  obscure 
in  his  verses.  The  swoid  was  much  better  suited  to  his  hand 
than  the  lyre  ;  and  we  shall  not,  therefore,  at  present,  favour  the 
reader  with  any  specimens  of  his  verses."— ion.  Jietrospcctive  Itev.. 
Vll.  300,  1823.  ' 

"Others  of  his  poems  are  dispersed  among  the  works  of  other 
authors,  particularly  in  Joshua  Sylvester^s  Lachiyma;  Lachryma- 
rum ;  or.  The  Spirit  of  Tears  distilled  for  the  untimely  Death  of 
Pi  ince  Henry,  Loudon.  1613.  4to.'— Horace  Walpole  :  Jt.  mid  N. 
AiUkors.     And  see  Bliss's  Wood's  .\then.  Oxon.,  iii.  24^2. 

6.  The  British  Priuces ;  an  Heroic  Poem,  1669,  Svo. 
7.  A  Dialogue  between  a  Tutor  and  his  Pupil,  176S,  4to. 
S.  Life  of  Lord  Herbert,  written  by  himself.     Priutcd  by 


HER 

Hornce  Wnlpole.  Rtrnwherry  Hill.  1761,  4to.  2nf)  copies 
printed,  Lon.,  1770,  78,  'y2,  4to.  With  a  prefatory  notice 
ascribed  to  Sir  Walter  Scott,  1809.  Svo.  New  ed.,  1826, 
Svo.  Respecting  eds.,  see  Bliss's  Wood's  Atben.  Oxon., 
iii.  242;  Lowndes's  Bibl.  Mao  ,  912-913  ;  Itetrosp.  Rev., 
vii.  331,  1823  :  Horace  Walpnle's  preface  to  Lord  Herbert's 
Life;  Park's  Wulpuie's  R.  and  N.  Authors,  iii.  19-22.  Cole 
styles  his  lordship's  autobiography 

"A  most  romiintic  lite.  ...  He  seems  to  be  the  vainest  of  all 
mortils.  as  also  the  most  of  a  Quixote,— .t  char«cter  one  would  not 
expect  in  the  author  of  De.  VeriXolt."  See  Ulisss  Wood's  Athen. 
Oxon..  iii.  242. 

"The  most  extraordinary  account  that  was  ever  piven  by  a  wise 
man  of  himself.  Few  b:ivi*  figured  so  cimspicuously,  in  lij.'hts  so 
various,  as  the  famous  Lord  Herbert  of  Cherbury.  As  a  soldier 
his  valour  made  him  a  hero,  and  won  for  him  the  e.^teem  of  the 
great  captains  of  the  age,  Montgomery  aud  the  Prince  of  Orange ; 
as  a  knight,  his  chivalry  was  drawn  from  the  purest  founts  of  the 
Fairy  Queen.  ...  As  a  public  minister,  he  supported  the  dignity 
of  his  country,  even  when  its  Prince  disgraced  it.  .  .  .  These  busy 
scenes  were  mingled  with,  and  terminated  by,  meditation  and 
philosophic  enquiries.  Strip  each  period  of  its  excesses  and  errors, 
and  it  will  not  be  easy  to  trace  out  or  dispose  the  life  of  a  man  of 
quality  into  a  succession  of  employments  which  would  better  be- 
come him.  Valour  and  military  activity  in  youth;  business  of 
state  in  the  middle  age;  contemplation  and  labours  for  the  infor- 
mation of  posterity  in  the  calmer  scenes  of  a  closing  life:— this 
was  Lord  Herbert."' — Horace  Walpole  :  Preface  to  Lurd  Herbert's 
Life. 

"■  He  was  a  person  well  studied  in  the  arts  and  languages,  a  gnod 
philosopher  and  historian,  and  understood  men  as  well  as  bonks, 
as  it  evidently  appears  in  his  writings."— Wood:  Athen.  Oxon., 
Bliss's  ed.,  1817,  iii. 'J39. 

••  Lord  Herbert  stands  in  the  first  rank  of  the  public  ministers, 
historians,  and  philosophers  of  his  aije.  It  is  hard  to  say  whether 
his  peison,  his  understanding,  or  his  courage,  was  the  most  ex- 
traordinary ;  as  the  fair,  the  learned,  and  the  biave,  held  him  in 
equal  admiration.  But  the  same  man  was  wise  and  capricious; 
redressed  wrongs  and  quarrelled  for  punctilios;  hated  bigotry  in 
religion,  and  was  himself  a  bigot  to  philosophy.  He  exposed  him- 
self to  such  dangers  as  other  men  of  courage  would  have  carefully 
declined;  and  called  in  question  the  fnndamentaKs  of  religion 
■which  none  had  the  haidiness  to  dispute  beside  himself." — 
Geanger:  Bififf.  Hist,  nf  Etig.,  5th  ed.,  18'J4,  ii.  ;ua. 

Herbert,  Sir  Edward,  Lord  Chief-Justice  of  Eng- 
land.    An  Account  of  the  Authorities  in  Law  upon  which 
Judgment  was  given  in  Sir  Edward  Hide's  Case,  Lon., 
1688,  4to.     See    Bishop   Nicolson's   Eng.  Hist.  Lib.,  ed. 
1776,  159;  Sir  J.  Mackintosh's  Works,  ii.  64,  70,  76,  87. 
Herbert,  Evan.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1822.  Svo. 
Herbert,  George,  1593-1632,  a  descendant  of  the 
Earls  of  Pembroke,  and  a  younger  brother  of  Lord  Her- 
bert of  Cherbury,  was   also  born  at  Montgomery  Castle, 
in  Wales  ;  was  educated  at  Westminster  School,  and  there 
elected  to   Trinity  College.  Cambridge,  of  which   he  was 
elected  Fellow  ;  University  Orator,  1619  ;  took  holy  orders, 
and  was  made  Prebendary  of  Laytnn  Ecelesia,  in  the  dio- 
cese of  Lincoln,  by  Archbishop  Williams  ;  and  in  1630  was 
presented  by  King  Charles  I.  to  the  living  of  Benierton. 
For  the  details  of  the  biography  of  this  eminent  character 
we  must  refer  the  reader  to  the  charming  narrative  of 
Izaak  Walton.     As  a  divine,  he  was  distinguished  for  fer- 
vent piety  and  exemplary  zeal  in  the  propagation  of  truth  ; 
as  an  author,  he  justly  ranks,  both  in  prose  and  poetry, 
among  the  best  writers  in  the   language.     1.  Oratio  qua 
Auspicatissimum  Sereniss.  Princ.  Caroli  reditnra  ex  His- 
paniis  celebravit  G.  H.  Acad.  Cantab.  Orator,  Cantab.,  1623, 
4io.     2.  A  Trans,  of   Cornaro    on    Temperance.     3.  The 
Temple;  Sacred  Poems  and  Private  Ejaculations,  1633, 
12mo,  pp.  204.     Within  a  few  years  after  the  first  impres- 
sion, 20,000  copies  of  this  work  were  sold.     4.  Jacula  Pru- 
dentum ;  or,  Outlandish   Proverbs,  Sentences.  &c.,  1640; 
2d  ed.,  enlarged,  Lon.,  1651,  12mo.     5.  A  Priest  to  the 
Temple ;  or,  "The  Country  Parson,  his  Character  and  Rule 
of  Holy  Life,  1652,  12nio.     Many  eils.     6.  Remains,  1R52, 
12mo.     7.  Poemata  varii  Argument!,  ]678,  12mo.     Pub. 
by  W.  Dillingham.     8.  Life,  by  Izaak  Walton,  with  his 
Letters,  and  others  to  his  Motlier,  written  by  Dr.  Donne, 
1670,  12mo.     Walton's  Life  of  Herbert  is  prefixed  to  some 
eds.  of  The  Temple,  and  to  his  Works.     There  have  been 
many  modern  eds.  of  The  Temple,  The  Country  Parson, 
Ac.     We  notice— 1.  The  Country  Parson,  1840,,  '48,  32rao. 
2.  The  Temple,  and  The  Country  Parson,  1847,  r.  32mo; 
1848,  r.  32mo.     3.  The  Temple.  1850,  sm.  Svo  :  1853, 18mo. 
4.  The  Temple,  and  Sacred  Poems,  1854,   18mo.     6.  Re- 
mains, 1848,  12mo.     6.  Poems,  1840.  32rao;   1844,  f p.  Svo; 
1853,  32mo.     7.  Poetical  Works,  with  Life,  Critical  Disser- 
tations, aud  Explanatory  Notes,  1S53,  Svo.     By  George 
GilfiUan,    (Library  of   the    British    Poets.)       8.    Poetical 
Works,    1855,    8vo.      9.    Complete    Works,    1S54,    12rao. 
10.  Works  in  Prose  and  Verse,  with  Life  by  Izaak  Wal- 
ton, and  Notes  by  S.  T.  Coleridge,  1846,  2  vols.  Svo;  and 
in  2  vols.  12mo.     II.  Works  in  Prose  and  Verse,  with  Re- 


IIER 

marks  on  his  W^ritings  and  Sket-b  of  his  Life,  by  William 
Jordan,  1853,  sm.  Svo.  12.  Works  in  Prose  and  Verse, 
edited  by  the  Rev.  Robert  Arid  Williuott,  Incumbent  of 
Bear  Wood,  1854,  fp. 

"I  am  not  aware  tliat  any  Edition  of  Herbert's  Poetry  or  Prose 
has  bilherto  appeared  with  Notes  or  Illustrations.  The  present 
attempt  to  suppW  that  want  may,  therefore,  be  received  with  some 
forbearance  and  favour.'" — Wdlmott  s  Pnface.  Aud  see  WUUuott'a 
Lives  of  the  Sacred  English  Poets. 

But  Mr.  Wilmott  had  certainly  forgotten  Mr.  Pickering's 
ed.,  with  Notes  by  S.  T.  Coleridge,  1846,  2  vols.  Mr.  Gil- 
fillan's  annotated  ed.  appeared  in  1853.  See  Nos.  7  and 
10,  above.  13.  Poems,  illustrated  by  Birket  Foster,  Noel 
Humphreys,  and  John  Clayton,  1856,  cr.  Svo.  The  effect 
of  the  pufdication  of  The  Temple,  in  a  day  of  abounding 
literary  licentiousness,  was  most  decided  and  most  salutary. 
Henry  Vaughan,  in  his  warm  acknowledgments  to  the 
author,  doubtless  expressed  the  feelings  of  many; 

"The  first  that,  with  any  elfeotual  success,  attempted  a  diver- 
sion of  this  fou!  and  overtlowiof;  stream,  was  the  blessed  man, 
Mr.  George  Herbert,  whose  holy  life  and  verse  gained  many  pious 
converts,— of  whom  I  am  the  least,— and  gave  the  first  check  to  a 
most  flourishing  and  admired  \Vit  of  his  time."— Pr-'/ucf  to  SiUx 
Scintilluns;  or,  Saa-eil  Puenis  and  Priuate  PJamlations,  1660. 

The  eulogy  of  the  celebrated  Baxter  is  equally  honour- 
able to  our  author.  After  enumerating  the  characteristics 
of  a  number  of  popular  poets  of  his  time,  he  remarks : 

"  But  I  must  confess,  after  all,  that,  next  the  Scripture  Poems, 
there  are  none  so  savoury  to  me  as  Mr.  George  Herbert's  and  Mr. 
George  Sandys'.  I  know  that  Cowley  and  others  far  exceed  Her- 
bert in  wit  and  accurate  composure;  but  as  Seneca  takes  with  me 
above  all  his  contemporaries,  because  he  speaketh  things  by 
words,  feelingly  and  seriously,  like  a  man  that  is  past  jest;  so 
Herbert  speaks  to  God  like  one  that  really  believeth  a  God,  and 
whose  business  in  the  world  is  most  with  God.  Heart-work  and 
Heaven-work  make  up  his  books." — Prefatory  Address  to  Baj:ter's 
Poetical  Fragments,  ICSl. 

Baxter's  reference  to  Cowley  reminds  us  that  Herbert 
is  least  esteemed  by  modern  readers  where  he  npproaches 
the  closest  to  that  extravagance  of  conceit  which  made 
the  author  of  the  Davideis  so  great  a  favourite  with  his 
pedantic  age. 

The  following  criticisms  would  have  been  read  with  un- 
feigned amazement  by  the  pupils  of  Cowley  and  their 
admirers : 

■'  A  writer  of  the  same  class,  though  infinitely  inferior  to  both 
Quarles  and  Crashaw.  His  poetry  is  a  compound  of  enthusiasm 
without  sublimitv,  and  conceit  without  either  ingenuity  or  ima- 
gination. .  .  .  When  a  man  is  once  reduced  to  the  impartial  test 
of  time,— when  partiality,  friendship,  fashion,  and  party,  have 
withdrawn  their  intluence. — our  surprise  is  frequently  excited 
by  past  subjects  of  admir.%tiou  that  now  cease  to  strike.  He  who 
takes  up  the  poems  of  Herbert  would  little  suspect  that  he  bad 
been  public  orator  of  an  university,  and  a  favourite  of  his  sove- 
reign; that  he  had  received  flattery  and  piaise  from  Donne  and 
from  Bacon  ;  and  that  the  biographers  of  the  day  had  enrolled  his 
name  among  the  first  names  of  his  country."— ^eataff/'s  Select 
Beauties  of  Ancient  English  Poetry,  I,  liv.,  Iv.,  1810. 

Bacon's  adminUion  of  Herbert  was  evinced  by  his  dedi- 
cation to  him  of  his  translation  of  some  of  the  Psalms, — 
"it  being,"  as  he  says,  his  "manner  for  dedications  to 
choose  those  that  I  hold  most  fit  for  the  argument." 

It  is  believed  that  Herbert  reciprocated  the  civility  of 
his  friend  by  aiding  him  in  the  translation  of  several  of 
his  works  from  English  into  Latin. 

Henry  Necle  partially  coincides  with  Headley's  judg- 
ment, but  is  disposed  to  place  a  more  favourable  estimate 
upon  Herbert's  natural  poetical  powers : 

"His  beauties  of  thought  and  diction  are  so  overloaded  with 
far-fetched  conceits  and  quaintnesses,  low  and  vulgar  and  even 
indelicate  imagery,  and  a  pertinacious  appropriation  of  Scripture 
language  and  figure,  in  situations  %vhere  they  make  a  most  un- 
seemly exhibition,  that  there  is  now  very  little  probaliility  of  his 
ever  regaining  the  popularity  which  he  has  lost.  That  there  was 
much,  however,  of  the  real  poetical  temperament  in  the  compo.'^i- 
tirm  of  his  mind,  the  following  lines,  although  not  free  from  his 
characteristic  blemishes,  will  abundantly  prove; 

"  'Sweet  Day  I  so  cool,  so  calm,  so  bright,'"  &c. 

Lects.  on  English  Podry. 
The  many  editions  of   Herbert's   Poems    now  issuing 
from  the  press  prove  that  the  critic  was  mistaken  in  sup- 
posing that  the  popularity  of  the  poet  had  departed,  never 
to  return. 

The  judgment  of  the  critics  next  to  be  quoted,  un- 
doubtedly, is  that  of  the  modern  admirers  of  Herbert's 
poetry  : 

'■  For  ourselves,  we  are  greatly  inclined  to  prefer  Herbert's 
honielier  pr.^■nls  to  those  on  which  he  lavished  so  much  ingenuity. 
Manv  nf  ib'SH  latter  have,  indeed,  fine  passages;  but  the  lofty 
tbiaiLfbt  ton  nfteu  is  followed  by  one  actually  ludicrous,  and  the 
beautiful  ligme  I'y  another  its  very  reverse." — Review  of  the 
Works  of  George  Herbert:  Brit.  Qiuir.  Btv. 

*'  We  think  that  those  who  have  a  real  relish  for  devotional 
poetry  will  find  passages  in  Herbert  that  may  refresh  and  delight 
them:  at  the  same  time,  no  reader  of  taste  and  rational  \iews  of 
reli'don  but  must  lament  and  wonder  at  the  strange  and  almost 


HER 


HER 


incomprehensible  turn  of  some  of  the  poems." — HerherVs  T^ms  • 
Lwj.  lieirosp.  Jiev.,  in.  215-22li,  1821. 

Mr.  Hallam  notices  the  same  fault  in  Herbert's  principal 
prose  production  : 

"  His  Country  Parson  is,  on  the  whole,  a  pleasine  little  hook; 
but  the  precepts  are  sometimes  so  overstrained,  according  to  our 
notions,  as  to  give  an  air  of  affectation."— /Ttfrot^uc.  to  the  Lit.  of 
Europe. 

Addison  takes  our  poet  to  task  for  his  exhibition  of  a 
species  of  "false  wit/'  which  "was  revived  by  several 
poets  of  the  last  age,  and  in  particular  may  be  met  with 
among  Mr.  Herbert's  Poems." 

For  an  explanation  of  the  subject  of  Addison's  censure, 
which  is  not  necessarily  connected  with  the  faults  com- 
plained of  by  the  critics  previously  quoted,  we  must  refer 
the  reader  to  The  Spectator,  No.  58. 

As  regards  the  quaintness  and  conceits  which  so  greatly 
oflfend  the  taste  of  the  present  age,  Mr.  Willmott  shows  us 
that  they  are  not  altogether  indefensible,  ami  that  we  are 
not  to  condemn  with  hasty  vehemence,  without  a  charitable 
degree  of  patience  : 

■'  Even  the  friendly  taste  of  Mr.  Keblewas  offended  hy  the  con- 
stant flutter  of  his  fancy,  forever  hovering  round  and  round  the 
theme.  liut  this  was  a  peculiarity  which  the  most  gifted  writers 
admired.  Drvden  openly  avowed  that  notljiiit;  appeared  more 
beautiful  to  hioi  than  the  imagery  in  Cowley,  which  some  readers 
condemned.  It  must,  at  least,  be  said,  in  praise  of  this  creative 
playfulness,  that  it  is  a  quality  of  the  intellect  singular]  v  sprightly 
and  buoyant;  it  ranges  over  a  boundless  landscape,  pierces  into 
every  corner,  and  by  the  light  of  its  own  fire — to  adopt  a  phrase 
of  Temple — discovers  a  thousand  little  bodies  or  images  in  the 
world,  unseen  by  common  eyes,  and  only  manifested  by  the  rays 
of  that  poetic  sun."— /wirorfuc.  to  HerherVs  TFoW-s,  1854;  see  No. 
12,  ante. 

It  would  be  well,  therefore,  for  modern  objectors  to 
what  they  deem  Herbert's  faults,  before  they  let  the  dust 
accumulate  upon  his  Temple  and  bis  Country  Parson,  to 
ponder  the  above  suggestions,  and  not  to  forget  the  fol- 
lowing sagacious  remarks  of  a  critic  entitled  to  great 
deference : 

"  Having  mentioned  the  name  of  Herbert,  that  model  of  a  man, 
a  gentleman  and  a  clergyman,  let  me  add.  that  the  quaintness  of 
some  of  his  thoughts— not  of  his  diction,  than  which  nothinc  can 
be  more  pure,  manly,  and  unaffected— has  blinded  modern  readers 
to  the  great  general  merits  of  bis  poems,  which  are  for  the  most 
part  exquisite  in  their  kind."— S.  T.  Coleridge. 

As  for  ourselves,  had  Herbert  no  other  claim  to  our 
affection,  it  would  be  suflBcient  to  insure  our  gratitude 
that  in  the  dark  days  of  the  gentle  Cowper.  when  he 
struggled  for  life  with  the  "foul  fiend  Melfineholy"  and 
found  no  rest  for  his  distracted  and  horror-stricken  soul,  the 
soothing  strains  of  Herbert's  muse  subdued  the  evil  spirit, 
and  proved  an  effectual  comforter  in  the  time  of  trouble : 

'■  I  was  struck,  not  long  after  my  settlement  in  the  Temple, 
with  such  a  dejection  of  spirits  as  none  but  they  who  have  felt 
the  same  can  have  the  least  conception  of  Day  and  night  I  was 
on  the  rack;  lying  down  in  horror,  and  rising  up  in  despair.  I 
presently  lost  all  relish  for  those  studies  to  which  I  had  before 
been  closely  attached.  The  classics  had  no  longer  any  charms 
for  me:  I  had  need  of  something  more  salutary  than  amusement, 
but  I  had  no  one  to  direct  me  where  to  find  it.  At  length  I  met 
with  Herbert's  Poems;  and,  Gothic  and  uncouth  as  they  were.  I 
yet  found  in  them  a  strain  of  piety  which  I  could  not  but  admire. 
This  was  the  only  author  I  had  any  delight  in  reading.  I  pored 
over  him  all  day  long;  and,  though  I  found  not  here  what  I 
might  have  found, — a  cure  for  my  malady. — jet  it  never  seemed 
so  much  alleviated  as  while  I  was  reading' /om.'' 

Herbert,  Henry,  Earl  of  Pembroke.  Military  Equita- 
tion ;  or,  a  Method  of  breaking  Horses,  and  teaching  Sol- 
diers toride.  17r>l,12mo;  1778,sm.  Svo  ;  4th  ed.,  1793, 4to. 

Herbert,  Henry  John  George,  third  Earl  of 
Carnarvon,  d.  1849.  See  Carnarvon,  Lord,  and  Gent 
Mag.,  Feb.  1850. 

Herbert,  Henry  William,  b.  in  London,  April  7, 
1807,  son  of  the  Hon.  and  Rev.  William  Herbert.  Dean 
of  Manchester,  and  the  Hun.  Letitia  Emily  Dorothea, 
daughter  of  Viscount  Allen  and  descended  in  direct  male 
lino  from  the  Earls  of  Pembroke  and  Percy,  was  educated 
at  Eton,  and  graduated  in  1828  at  Caius  College,  Cam- 
bridge, of  which  he  is  a  prizeman  and  scholar.  Mr.  Her- 
bert emigrated  to  New  York  in  IS.'il,  and  from  this 
period  until  1839  was  engaged  as  principal  Greek  teacher 
in  Mr.  Huddart's  classical  academy.  In  the  latter  year 
be  was  married  to  Sarah,  daughter  of  John  Barker,  of 
Bangor,  Maine,  by  whom  he  has  issue  one  son,  William 
George.  Since  his  marriage  Mr.  Herbert  has  devoted 
himself  solely  to  authorship  and  the  sports  of  the  fields. 
Ho  resides  in  a  beautiful  cottage  ("The  Cedars")  on  the 
banks  of  the  Passaic,  near  Newark,  New  Jersey.  Mr.  Her- 
bert has  been  a  very  voluminous  author;  and  the  following 
list  of  works  exhibits  sutheient  evidence  of  great  literary 
industry,  inspired  by  a  remarkable  versatility  of  talent. 

Novels  and  Novelettes  :— 1.  The  Brothers.  2.  Crom- 
83U 


well.  3.  Marm.aduke  Wyvil.  4.  The  Roman  Traitor.  5. 
T-Ko  Miller  of  Martigny.  6.  Guarica ;  or.  The  Carib 
Bride.  7.  Sherwood  Forest:  or.  Wager  of  Battle.  8.  The 
Knights  of  England,  France,  and  Scotland.  9.  The  Che- 
valiers of  France.  10.  Tbe  Cavaliers  of  England.  11. 
Dermot  O'Brien.  12.  Persons  and  Pictures  in  French  and 
English  History.  13.  The  Falls  of  the  Wyalusing.  14. 
Pierre  the  Partisan. 

History: — 15.  The  Captains  of  the  Greek  Republics. 
Ifi.  The  Captains  of  the  Roman  Republic.  17.  Henry 
VIIL  and  his  Six  Wives.  IS.  The  Royal  Maries  of 
Mediaeval  History,  (in  MS.  at  the  time  of  hi?  death.) 

Translations  ; — 19.  Matilda.  20.  The  Wandering  Jew. 
21.  John  Cavalier.  22.  Atar  Gull.  2'?,.  The  Salamander; 
from  Eugene  Sue.  24,  25.  Diana  of  Meridor  and  Aete  of 
Corinth  ;  from  Alex.  Dumas.  26.  Weiss's  Protestant  Re- 
fugees. 27.  Tbe  Prometheus  and  Ag.amemnon  of  ^schylus. 
28.  Poetry  frum  French  and  Italian  Authors. 

Poetry  : — Many  fugitive  pieces. 

Sporting  Works,  published  under  the  name  of  Frank 
Forester:— 29.  The  Field  Sports  of  the  United  States 
and  the  British  Provinces  in  America,  1849,  2  vols.  8vo; 
last  ed.,  1858,  2  vols.  Svo.  30.  The  Fish  and  Fish-Book 
of  do.,  1849-50,  2  vols.  Svo.  Both  of  these  works  are  illus- 
trated on  wood  by  the  author.  31.  The  Warwick  Woodlands. 
32.  My  Shootiug-Box.  33.  The  Deer-Stalkers.  These  three 
were  pub.  together  in  London,  1849,  3  vols.  p.  8vo,  under 
the  title  of  Frank  Forester  and  his  Friends;  or.  Woodland 
Adventures  in  the  Middle  Statesof  North  America.  34.  The 
Quorndon  Hounds.  35.  Young  Sportsman's  Complete 
Manual  of  Fowling,  Fishing,  and  Field  Sports  in  general, 
illustrated  from  drawings  made  from  nature  by  the  author. 

Editor  of — The  Old  Forest  Ranger;  Dinks  and  May- 
hew  Ou  tbe  Dog;  Mr.  Sponge's  Sporting  Tour,  <fec. 

To  the  above  list  might  be  added  The  Horse  and  Horse- 
manship in  tbe  United  States  and  British  Provinces  of 
North  America;  American  Game  in  its  Seasons;  an  edit, 
of  Goldsmith's  Hist,  of  Greece,  &q.  Mr.  Herbert  was  the 
originator,  in  1833,  of  the  American  Monthly  Magazine, 
and  was  its  editor  until  1835.  He  has  also  been  a  con- 
tributor of  numerous  articles  to  The  Lady's  Companion; 
Godey's  Magazine:  Graham's  Magazine;  Sartain's  Maga- 
zine; Columbian  Magazine;  Southern  Literary  Gazette ; 
Democratic  Review  ;  Turf  Register ;  N.  York  Spirit  of  the 
Times;  Now  York  Courier  and  Inquirer;  New  World,  <tc. 

Mr.  Herbert's  fugitive  articles,  if  collected,  would  pro- 
bably fill  about  forty  duodecimo  volumes.  For  a  notice  of 
this  popular  writer,  we  refer  the  reader  to  the  (New  York) 
Intemat.  Mag.,  iii.  289-291. 

At  the  conclusion  of  our  notice  of  the  literary  labours 
of  Mr.  Herbert's  distinguished  father — tbe  Hon.  and  Very 
Rev.  William  Herbert — the  reader  will  find  a  glowing  tri- 
bute to  that  remarkable  versatility  of  talent  for  which  tbe 
Dean  of  JIanchester  was  so  eminently  distinguished.  We 
need  hardly  observe,  after  what  has  been  already  recorded, 
that  the  same  power  of  mastery  over  subjects  which  have 
little  or  nothing  in  common  is  not  less  observable  in  the 
translator  of  jEschylus  and  the  chronicler  of  the  Wood- 
land Adventures  of  Frank  Forester  and  his  associates  in 
the  sports  of  the  field.  We  might,  indeed,  trace  this  cha- 
racteristic versatility  of  the  family  as  far  hack  as  Lord 
Herbert  of  Cherbury,  but  this  is  a  portrait  which  we  have 
wisely  allowed  Horace  Walpole  to  paint  in  his  own  vivid 
colours.  AVe  shall  display  as  much  prudence  in  borrowing 
the  pencil  of  another — himself  one  of  the  most  eminent 
of  American  scholars — who  has  graphically  depicted  the 
prominent  features  of  the  subject  of  our  notice : 

"Mr.  Herbert  has  long  been  known  to  the  American  reading 
world  as  a  writer  of  great  and  versatile  powers ;  a  poet  of  vivid 
imagination  and  vigorous  style;  a  sucL-essful  novelist;  an  able 
and  accomplished  critic;  and,  to  another  class,  whose  reading  is 
comparatively  limited. — the  Nimrods  of  the  land, — as  a  consum- 
mate master  of  the  mysteries  of  their  craft,  practically  experienced 
in  all  the  ways  of  shooting,  fishing,  and  hunting,  and  skilled  to 
illustrate,  alike  with  pen  and  pencil,  the  scenes  of  forest,  river,  lake, 
and  hill,  amidst  which  his  amusements  and  their  serious  pursuits 
chiefly  lie.  And  now  he  comes  before  the  world  in  another  cha- 
racter.— that  of  translator  of  the  most  difficult  of  the  Attic  trage- 
dians."—Professor  C.  C.  Felton  :  Review  of  Herherfs  Trcnslationt 
from  JEschyUis:  N.  Anter.  Eev.,  Ixix.  407Ht21. 

We  regret  to  add  that,  since  the  above  was  written,  Mr. 
Herbert  fell  by  his  own  hand,  May  17,  1858. 

Herbert,  Mary,  Countess  of  Pembroke.  See  Sidney. 
_  Herbert,  Sir  Percy.  Certaine  Conceptions  or  Con- 
siderations upon  tbe  Strange  Change  of  People's  Disposi- 
tions and  Actions  of  these  latter  Times,  Lon.,  1652,  -Ito. 
The  fable  of  Parnell's  Hermit  is  drawn  from  the  story 
narrated  un  p.  220.     See  Beloe's  Anecdotes,  vi.  324. 

Herbert,  Philip,  Earl  of  Pembroke.    1.  Speech  in  th« 


HER 

H.  of  Peers,  Lon.,  1642,  4to.     2.  Speech  for  an  Accommo- 
dation, 1642,  4to. 

Herbert,  Samuel,  D.D.  Occasional  Serms.,1804,8vo. 
Herbert,  Stanley.     John  at  Home;  a  Novel,  Lon., 
18J:i,  3  vols.  24mo.     See  N.  Ainer.  Rev.,  Oct,  1854,  6.54. 

Herbert,  Sir  Thomas,  16U6?-1682,  a  native  of  York, 
of  the  Pembroke  family,  a  distinguished  traveller,  was  edu- 
cated at  Jesus  College,  O-tford,  and  Trinity  College,  Cam- 
bridge. 1.  A  Relation  of  some  Yeares  Travels  into  Africa, 
and  the  greater  Asia,  Ac,  Lon.,  1634,  '38,  '65,  fol. ;  4th 
and  host  ed.,  with  addits.,  1077,  fol.  Trans,  into  French 
by  Wiqucfort,  with  addits.,  Paris,  1663,  4to.  At  the  end 
of  Herbert's  work  is  a  curious  Discourse,  intended  to  prove 
that  Prince  Madoc  ap  Owen  Gwynedd  discovered  America 
about  three  hundred  years  before  Columbus's  first  voyage. 
Herbert  spent  four  years  in  Asia  and  Africa. 

"  He  h.is  hit  off  in  a  quaint  and  lively  style  IheleadinR  features 
Of  Persian  society.''— Murrui/'s  Account  of  Travels  in  Asia. 

See  the  Catalogue  in  Churchill's  Collection  of  Voyages 
and  Travels. 

2.  Threnodia  Carolina ;  an  Acct.  of  the  last  Two  Years 
of  Charles  I.,  1678.  Reprinted,  1702,  8vo.  Newed.,with 
addits.,  reprinted  by  Mr.  Nicol,  1813,  8vo.  An  elegant 
and  accurate  edit.  See  Bliss's  Wood's  A  then.  O.\ou.,  iv. 
15-42 ;  Censura  Literaria,  vol.  iii. ;  Drake's  Eboracum. 
Herbert  trans,  several  books  of  John  de  Laet's  India  Oc- 
eidentalis,  and  assisted  Sir  Wm.  Dugdale  in  compiling  the 
3d  vol.  of  his  Jlonasticon  Anglicanum. 

Herbert,  Thomas.  1.  Secunda  Vox  Populi ;  or. 
The  Commons'  Gratitude  to  Philip,  Earle  of  Pembroke  and 
Montgomery,  1641,  4to.  A  poetical  tract  of  four  leaves, 
with  a  wood-cut  of  the  earl,  whole  length,  in  full  robes 
of  office.  2.  An  Elegie  upon  the  Death  of  Thomas,  Earle 
of  Strafford,  1641,  pp.  7.  3.  News  newly  discovered,  1641, 
12mo.  4.  Keep  within  Compasse  Dick  and  Robin,  &c., 
1641, 12mo;  Gordonstoun,  1195,  £4.  5.  Newes  out  of  Isling- 
ton, Ac,  1641,  12mo;  Gordonstoun,  111)4,  £i. 

Herbert,  Thomas,  Earl  of  Pembroke.  Numismata 
Antiqua  et  Reccntiora  omnis  generis  metalli,  et  moduli 
seri  iucisi,  ic,  Lon.,  1746,  2  vols,  in  one,  4to,  £7;  2  vols, 
in  one,  fol.,  £11  11«.     See  Lowndes's  Bibl.  Man.,  1426. 

Herbert,  W.  1.  Belccfe  and  Confession  of  Faith, 
Lon.,  1646,  '48,  12mo.  2.  Child-Bearing  Woman,  1048, 
12mo.  3.  Catechism,  1648,  12mo.  4.  Quadripartite  Devo- 
tion. 1648,  12mo. 

Herbert,  William,  third  Earl  of  Pembroke,  1580- 
1630,  a  native  of  Wilton,  Wiltshire,  educated  at  New  Col- 
lege, O.xford,  succeeded  to  his  father's  honours  and  estate, 
lio\:  Knight  of  the  Garter,  1604;  Governor  of  Ports- 
mouth, 1610;  Chancellor  of  the  University  of  Oxford,  1626; 
and  about  tlie  same  time  made  Lord-Steward  of  the  King's 
Household.  The  character  of  this  nobleman — who  is  sup- 
posed to  be  the  "W.  H."  of  Shakspeare's  Sonnets — has 
been  admirably  drawn  by  the  Earl  of  Clarendon ;  and  to 
his  lordship's  History  of  the  Rebellion,  Bliss's  Wood's 
Athen.  Cion.,  Wood's  Annals,  Park's  Walpole's  R.  and  N. 
Authors,  Collins's  Pecr.age,  and  Hallam's  Lit.  Hist,  of  Eu- 
rope, we  refer  the  reader.  Poems,  written  by  William,  Earl 
of  Pembroke,  Ac,  many  of  which  are  answered,  by  way 
of  repartee,  by  Sir  Benjamin  Rudyard,  Lon.,  1660,  8vo. 
With  other  Poems,  written  Ijy  them  occasionally  and  apart, 
Lon.,  1660,  8vo.  Hallam  supposes  that  there  is  an  earlier 
edit.  New  ed.,  with  a  Preface  by  Sir  S.  E.  Brydges,  1817. 
100  copies  printed.     See  Lowndes's  Bibl.  Man.,  1426. 

'•  The  poems,  in  general,  are  of  little  merit ;  some  are  grossly 
Indecent ;  nor  would  they  be  mentioned  here  except  for  the  inte- 
rest recently  attached  to  the  author's  uauie.  But  they  throw  no 
light  whatever  on  the  sonnets  of  Shakspeare.'" — Hall.\m  :  nbi  supra. 
Watt  attributes  to  his  lordship  a  work  entitled,  Of  the 
Internal  and  External  State  of  Man  in  Christ,  1654,  4to. 
Certainly  the  earl's  tastes  were  any  thing  but  theological; 
though,  indeed,  Ben  Jonson's  compliment  implies  an  im- 
partial eclecticism : 

*•  I  do  but  name  thee,  Pembroke,  and  I  find 
It  is  an  epigram  on  all  mankind." 
Pembroke  College  was  named  in  honour  of  our  noble 
author,  who,  let  it  not  be  forgotten,  gave  to  the  Bodleian 
Liljrary  242  Greek  MSS.,  purchased  by  him  in  Italy,  and 
formerly  the  property  of  Francis  Barroccio. 

Herbert,  William,  1718-1795,  an  eminent  typo- 
graphical antiquary,  has  already  claimed  our  notice  in  our 
life  of  Joseph  Ames  ;  and  to  that  article,  to  Dibdin's  Ac- 
count of  William  Herbert,  prefixed  to  vol.  i.  of  the  Typo- 
graphical Antiquities  of  Great  Britain,  and  the  authorities 
subjoined,  we  refer  the  reader.  1.  Second  ed.  of  Atkyn's 
Hist,  of  Gloucestershire,  Lon.,  1768,  fol.  See  Atky.ns,  Sir 
RoBT.,  p.  SO.  2.  Typographical  Antiq.  of  G.  Brit,  and 
Ireland,  3  vols.  4to:  i",  1785;  ii.  1786;  iii.  1790.     See  {ante) 


HER 

also  life  of  Dibdin,  Thoma.s,  Frogn.*!.!..  D.D.,  in  this  vol. 
The  Typographical  Antiquities  is  justly  commended  by  an 
eminent  authority  as 

"  A  very  valu.ible  and  accurate  work,  and  as  honourable  to  the 
British  nation  as  to  the  deep ciiliialresearchesof  the  original  com- 
piler, Mr.  .\mes,  and  his  continimtor,  Mr.  IIerl>ert." — Da.  Clarke. 
Herbert  left  an  annotated  copy  of  this  work,  with  a  view 
to  a  second  ed.,  interleaved  and  bound  in  6  vols.,  r.  4to. 
As  a  portion  only  of  the  first  vol.  was  used  by  Dibdin,  we 
hope  that  the  balance  will  some  day  be  appropriated  by  a 
judicious  continuator  of  the  Antiquities.  The  copy  re- 
ferred to  was  in  1848  in  the  possession  of  Mr.  H.  G.  Bohn, 
London,  and  offered  by  him  for  the  small  sum  of  £12  12«. 
3.  In  conjunction  with  Mr.  Nicholson,  New  Directory 
for  the  East  Indies,  4to.  See  Nichols's  Lit.  Anec. :  Bio- 
graphy of  Herbert,  supposed  to  bo  written  by  Richard 
Gounh.  in  Gent.  Mag.,  Ixv.,  Pt.  1,  261;  and  Gent.  Mag., 
Ixxib  418. 

Herbert,  William.  Antiq.  of  the  Inns  of  Court  and 
Chancery,  Lon.,  1804,  r.  Svo;  1.  paper,  4to.  He  pub.  Sir 
Reginalde,  a  Romance,  Ac.,  1803,  12mo;  and  a  Scries  of 
Vicivs  from  the  P.alace  of  Lambeth,  1805  ;  both  in  con- 
junction with  Edward  Wcdlake  Brayley:  see  both  the 
names  in  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit. 

Herbert,  Hon.  and  Very  Rev.  William,  D.C.L., 
1778-1847,thirdson  of  Henry,  Earl  of  Carnarvon,  and  Lady 
Eliiabeth  Alicia  Maria  Wyndham,  eldest  daughter  of 
Charles,  E.arl  of  Egremont,  was  born  at  Highclere  Castle, 
Bucks,  and  educated  at  Eton,  and  at  Christ  Church  and 
Morton  College,  Oxford,  where  he  graduated  JI..\.,  1802, 
B.  and  D.C.L.,  1808,  and  became  a  Fellow  of  Merton  Col- 
Icc.  After  a  successful  practice  as  a  member  of  Doctors' 
Commons,  and  a  brilliant  career  in  the  House  of  Commons, 
he  determined  to  take  holy  orders,  and  in  1814  was  pre- 
sented to  the  Rectory  of  Spofforth,  and  appointed  Dean 
of  Manchester  in  1840.  1.  Edited  Musfe  Etonenses  ;  a 
Selection  of  Greek  and  Latin  Poetry,  by  Etonians,  1795, 
2  vols.  Svo.  See  Lowndes's  Bibl.  Man.,  1314.  2.  Ossiani 
Darthula,  Grfficc  reddita;  Accedunt  Miscellanea,  1801,  Svo. 
3.  Select  Icelandic  Poetry ;  trans,  from  the  originals,  with 
Notes;  Translations  from  the  German,  Danish,  Ac;  to 
which  is  added  Miscellaneous  Poetry,  1814,  2  vols.  Svo. 
Reviewed  by  Sir  Walter  Scott,  in  Ediu.  Rev.,  ix.  211-223. 
A  second  part  to  each  of  these  works  was  added  in  1806. 
See  Moir's  Sketches  of  the  Poetical  Literature  of  the  Past 
Half-Century.  4.  Helga ;  a  Poem,  in  7  Cantos,  with  Notes, 
1815,  Svo.  SeeEdin.  Kev.,  xxv.  146-168;  Moir,  nh!  supra. 
5.  Hedin,  or  The  Spectre  of  the  Tom.b ;  a  Tale  from  the 
Danish  History,  1820.  6.  Serms.,  1820,  12mo.  7.  The 
WizardWanderer  of  Jutland,  a  Tragedy:  and  Julia  Mont- 
albin,  a  Tale,  1822.  S.  The  Guahiba ;  a  Tale,  1822.  9.  A 
Letter  to  the  Chairman  of  the  Committee  of  the  House  of 
Commons  on  the  Game-Laws,  1823.  See  article  by  Rev. 
Sydney  Smith,  in  Edin.  Rev.,  xxxix.  43-54.  10.  Iris;  a 
Latin  Ode,  1826.  11.  Amaryllidacea!,  with  a  Treatise  on 
Cross-bred  Vegetables,  1837,  r.  Svo.  Mr.  Herbert  pub. 
several  other  works  on  botany  and  natural  history,  and  a 
number  of  papers  in  horticultural  and  botanical  periodi- 
cals. He  was  also  one  of  the  earliest  contributors  to  the 
Edinburgh  Review.  12.  I.  Attila,  King  of  the  Huns,  or 
the  Triumph  of  Christianity:  an  Epic  Poem;  II.  Attila 
and  his  predecessors:  a  Historical  Treatise,  1838,  Svo. 

"  A  production  displaying  a  union  of  acuteness  and  erudition 
with  great  poetical  talents.'— Httitam's  Lit.  Bist.  nf  Europe,  4th 
ed..  1S54,  ui.  39,  n. 

"  .\  work  conceived  in  a  grand  and  simple  spirit,  and  abounding 
in  passages  finely  imagined  and  finely  expressed.  Few  poems 
which  have  appeared  within  the  last  twenty  years  evince  a  mora 
thorough  preparation  on  the  part  of  the  writer,  a  deeper  study 
of  the  subject,  or  a  more  just  and  masculine  taste.  It  is  not  pos- 
sible to  take  up  a  single  book  of  the  poem  without  being  frequently 
reminded  of  Miltons  best  points,— his  sublunity  and  his  purity." 
— Edin.  Kev.  ,„    ^ 

"  Attila  was  the  last  and  most  ambitious  production  of  Herbert ; 
his  most  Laboured  but  not  his  most  successful  one.  The  fire  of 
bis  youthful  enthusiasm  had  been  gradually  burning  out ;  and 
this'he  endeavoured,  but  vaiuly,  to  atone  for  by  a  strict  adherence 
to  Aristotelian  rules,  backed  by  the  Gallican  codicils  of  Boileau 
aud  Bossu." — MolR:  vhi  supra.     See  Gent.  Mag.,  April,  1839. 

13.  Christian,  a  Poem  ;  and  Sylva  Recentiores,  1846,  Svo. 
14.  Miscellaneous  Works,  excepting  those  on  Botany  and 
Natural  History,  with  Addits.  and  Corrections  by  the  Au- 
thor. Contents:  Horaj  Scandicso,  or  Works  (Poetical) 
relating  to  Old  Scandinavian  Literature ;  Hora;  Pieriae, 
or  Poetry  on  various  subjects ;  Sylvarum  Liber ;  Reviews, 
Sermons,  Ac,  1842,  2  vols.  Svo. 

"  It  is  not  often  that  we  meet  with  a  writer  whose  attainments 
are  so  various,  and  at  the  same  time  so  accurate  and  profound,  as 
those  of  the  one  now  Ijefore  us ;  while  it  has  been  the  lot  of  few  to 
fill,  at  various  period.s,  sfatious  in  society  which  ai-e  generally  re- 
served for  those  professionally  educated  for  them  alone,  and  from 

831 


HER 


HER 


which  they  seldom  depart ;  but  we  have  had  the  pleasure  of  hear- 
ing Mr.  Herbert  as  an  orator  in  the  House  of  Comnions,  we  have 
heard  him  as  an  advocate  at  the  Bar,  and  we  have  listened  to  him 
as  a  preacher  in  the  pulpit.  As  an  author,  we  have  found  him  in 
walks  of  Science  and  literature  very  remote  from  each  other,  not 
oft«n  ti-odden  by  the  same  person,  yet  always  mai  king  his  progress 
by  the  li!::ht  he  has  thrown  on  his  subjects,  aud,  as  it  appears  to 
us.  showing  both  diligence  and  accuracy  in  recording  facts,  and 
philosophical  discretion  in  reasoning  from  them." — Lon.  Gtni.  Mag., 
18-13.  Pt.  1,  115-133,  q.  v.\  see  also  1847,  Pt.  2,  425-426. 

Herbert,  William,  Librarian  to  the  Corporation  of 
London.  Tlie  Hist,  of  the  Twelve  Great  Livery  Companies 
of  London,  Lon.,  1837,  2  vols.  Svo.  New  ed.,  184G,  Svo 
aud  r.  Svo. 

"We  feel,  in  conclusion,  fully  justified  in  declaring  that  Mr. 
Herbert  has  by  this  publication  proved  himself  worthy  of  the 
office  of  Archivist  and  Historiographer  to  the  City  of  London."— 
Lan.  Gent.  Mig.,  April,  18S4. 

Also  highly  commended  by  the  Athenasum,  Spectator, 
Examiner,  &c.,  and  largely  quoted  in  the  Penny  Magazine, 
Pictorial  Hist,  of  England,  &c. 

Herbst,  J.,  Lutheran  pastor,  Gettysburg.  1.  Evan- 
gelisches  Alugazin,  editor,  ISoO.  2.  Inaugural  Address  of 
S.  S.  Scbuiucker,  translated  into  German,  lSii6. 

Herckeniau,  £lias.  A  Voyage  to  the  Kingdom  of 
Chili,  in  America.  See  Churchill's  Voyages,  p.  503,  1704. 
Herd,  David,  1732-lSlO,  a  native  of  St.  Cyrus,  Kin- 
cardineshire, Scotland.  Collection  of  Ancient  and  Modern 
Scottish  Songs,  Heroic  Ballads,  &c.,  Vii9,  1  vol.;  1772,  2 
vols.  12mo;  1776.  2  vols.  12ino. 

*■  The  first  classical  collection  [of  Scottish  Songs.]"— Sir  Walter 
Scott. 

See  Chambers  and  Thomson's  Biog.  Diet,  of  Eminent 
Scotsmen;  Scots'  Mag.,  July,  ISIO. 

Ilerdnian,  John,  M.D.  Profess,  works,  1795-1S09. 
Ilerdman,  Wni.  Serm.,  Lon.,  1794,  8vo. 
Herd!«on,  Hen.  Ars  Mnemonica,  Lat.  et  Eng.,  Lon., 
1651,  '57,  12mo.  See  an  account  of  this  work  in  Feinagle's 
Art  of  Memory,  It  seems  to  have  been  pub.  separately 
in  Latin  and  in  English,  both  Lon.,  1651,  12mo.  See 
Lowndes's  Bibl.  Man.,  914. 

Hereford,  Bishop*  Legacy;  or,  A  Short  Deter- 
mination of  ail  Controversies  with  the  Papists,  by  God's 
Holy  Word,  1677,  4to. 

Hereford,  Rev.  Charles.  1.  Hist,  of  France,  5  vols. 
Svo.  Anon.  2.  Hist,  of  Rome,  3  vols.  Svo.  Anon.  3.  Abridgt. 
of  Gibbon's  Hist.,  2  vols.  Svo.  Anon.  4.  Abridgt.  of  Hume's 
Hist.,  2  vols.  Svo.  Anon. 

Hergest,  \Vm.  1.  Christian  Chastitie.  2.  Expos,  of 
the  7th  Commandment,  Lon.,  15S0,  4to. 

Hering,  Constantine,  M.D.,  b.  January  1,  1800,  at 
Oschatz,  in  Saxony,  studied  in  Zittau,  Leipzig,  Dresden, 
and  Wuerzburg,  obtained  in  1S26  the  degree  of  Doct.  of 
Med.,  Surgery,  and  Obstetrics  ;  was  sent  under  the  protec- 
tion of  the  government,  for  the  purpose  of  making  scientific 
researches,  to  Surinam,  S.  America;  cauie  to  Phila.,  Jan. 
1S34,  and  has  resided  mostly  there  since  as  a  practising 
physician  and  lecturer  on  homoeopathy.  He  is  a  member  of 
the  Acad,  of  Nat.  Sciences  in  Phila.  since  1830,  of  several 
similar  societies,  and  nearly  all  homoeopathic  academies 
and  societies  in  the  world.  Has  been  a  contributor  to 
homcoopathic  journals,  (Archives  of  Stapf,  1827-46 ; 
Gazette  of  Leipzig;  Journal  of  Buchner;  British  Quar- 
terly; and  Clinical  Gazette.)  Co-editor  of  the  Medical 
Correspondent,  Allentown,  1S35,  '36;  the  Miscellanies  on 
Homoeopathy,  Phila.,  1839;  N.  Am.  Homoeopathic  Quar- 
terly, N.  York,  1851,  '52  ;  aud  the  Homoeopathic  News,  a 
monthly,  Phila.,  since  1S54.  Author  of — 1.  Rise  and  Pro- 
gress of  Homa?opathy,  Phila.,  1834;  trans,  into  English 
by  Matlack,  1S34  ;  into  Dutch  by  Busen.stein,  Rotterdam, 
1S36  ;  into  Swedish,  1853.  2.  The  Historical  Necessity  of 
Homoeopathy,  Allentown,  1835,  (Germ.)  3.  Homoeopathic 
Hatchels,  Jt-na,  1845.  4.  Proposals  to  Kill  Homoeopathy, 
Leipzig,  1846,  (a  Satire.)  5.  Suggestions  for  the  Proving 
of  Drugs  on  the  Healthy,  Phila.,  1853.  6.  The  Effects  of 
Snake-poison,  Allentown  and  Leipzig,  r.  Svo,  1837;  with 
an  Introduction  on  the  study  of  Materia  Mcdica;  trans, 
into  English,  in  British  Quarterly,  1844.  7.  Domestic  Phy- 
sician :  since  1S37,  six  eds.  of  the  last.  Phila.,  1858;  two 
in  Great  Britain  ;  ten  in  Germany;  trans,  into  the  French, 
Italian,  Spanish,  and  other  languages,  with  a  circulation 
of  more  than  50,000  copies. 

*' Dr.  Heriug's  Guide  we  have  always  considered  the  best  and 
most  original  of  the  domestic  works."- ^nf.  Quar.  Jour,  of  Horn., 
AprU.  1856. 

8.  American  Drug  Provings,  Leipzig,  Winter,  1S53,  vol. 
i. ;  vol.  ii.  in  press.  9.  One  of  the  authors  of  the  pamphlet 
The  Voluntary  System  of  Medical  Education  instituted  by 
the  Independent  Medical  School  of  Pa.,  1S54,  Phila. 

"The  most  important  of  his  toxicological   re.?earches  are   the 
proving,  by  a  long  series  of  experiments,  that  the  poison  of  snakes 
832 


b?s.  when  taken  inwardly,  likewise  a  decided  influence  on  the 
huinan  economy,  contradictory  to  the  assertions  of  all  other  au- 
thors; further,  that  heat,  in  a  bearable  degree,  destroys  its  poi- 
sonous qualities,  and  is  thus  the  best  remedy  ;vftera  bite,  applied 
locally  at  a  distance  from  the  wound,  much  better  than  brandy 
taken  inwardly,  which,  however,  in  some  oases  may  be  united 
with  it.  He  found  that  alcohol  extracts  a  salt  from  the  snake- 
poison,  which  has  in  some  cases  of  bites,  and  in  a  great  many  dis- 
eases, as  apoplexy,  paralysis,  typhus,  quinsy,  etc.,  a  curative  iu- 
tluence.  This  discovery  he  applied  to  the  saliva  of  the  mad  dog, 
and  prevented  hydrophobia  by  application  of  heat  near  the  wound, 
which  pi-oved  more  elTectual  and  certain  than  the  process  of  burn- 
ing it  out,  because  the  latter  forms  a  scurf,  which,  as  a  non-con- 
ductor of  heat,  may  protect  the  poison.  From  the  same  virus  he 
found  that  alcohol  also  extracts  a  chemical  compound,  which  hag 
thus  f;ir  seemed  to  be  effectual  as  a  remedy  in  preventing  and 
curing  hydrophobia.  The  same  method  has  successfully  been 
applied  to  small-pox  and  other  contagious  diseases  of  men  and 
animals,  according  to  the  reports  of  numerous  physicians.  He 
was  the  first  to  propose  sulphur  as  a  preventive  of  Asiatic  Cholera 
(1S48)  when  applied  as  a  powder  between  the  stockings  and  the 
soles  of  the  feet,  it  being  absorbed,  and.  without  disturbing  the 
intestines,  exhaled  at  the  pores  of  the  skin  as  sulphuretted  hydro- 
gen, (blackening  bright  silver  even  on  the  forehead.)  This  process 
protects  against  cholera,  and  may  perform  the  same  use  in  other 
miasmas." 

Hering,  Francis,  M.D.     See  Herring. 
Heriot,     George,     Postmaster-General     of    British 
North  America.     1.  Descriptive  Poem,  written  in  the  W, 
Indies,  Lon.,  17S1,  4to.     2.  Hist,  of  Canada,  1S04,  Svo. 
3.  Travels  through  the  Canadas,  1807,  4to. 

Ileriot,  John,  R.N..  1760-1S33.  brother  of  the  pre- 
ceding, was  connected  with  the  newt^papers  The  Oracle, 
The  World.  The  Sun,  and  The  True  Briton.  1.  The  Sor- 
rows of  the  Heart;  a  Novel,  17S7,  2  vols.  2.  The  Half- 
pay  Officer;  a  Novel,  178S,  3  vols.  Svo.  3.  Hist.  Sketch 
of  Gibraltar,  Lon.,  1792.  Svo.  4.  The  Battle  of  the  Nile, 
1792.     See  Lon.  Gent.  Mag..  Aug.  lS:i:i. 

Herissant,  Dr.  Experiments  with  the  Poison  of 
Lamas  and  of  Ticunas;  Phil.  Trans.,  1741. 

Herle,  Charles,  1598-1659,  Rector  of  Winwick, 
Lancashire.     Serms.,  Ac,  1642,  '43,  '44,  *46,  '55. 

Herman,  an  Anglo-Norman  poet,  tnn]}.  Henry  II.  and 
Richard  II.,  has  attributed  to  him  a  Life  of  Tobit,  which 
is  a  poem  of  about  1400  lines,  a  poem  entitled  Leg  Joi'es  de 
Notre  Dame,  and  some  other  pieces.  See  "Wright's  Biog. 
Brit.  Lit.,  and  authorities  there  cited. 

Herman,  Thomas.  Critical  Cat.  of  the  Pictures  of 
the  British  Institution.  Lon.,  1S07,  Svo. 

Herndon,  Mrs.  3Iary  E.,  of  Kentucky.  1.  Louisa 
Elton  ;  a  Nov.,  Phila..  1853.  2.  Oswyn  Dudley.  Cin.,  1S55. 
Herndon,  Wm.  L.,  Lieut.,  U.S.  Navy,  lost  in  the 
wreck  of  the  Central  America.  1857.  Exploration  of  the 
Valley  of  the  Amazon,  with  maps  and  plates,  Washington, 
D.C.,  1S54,  Svo.  Of  this  work  40,009  copies  were  pub.  by 
order  of  the  U.S.  Government.  Lieut.  Gibbon,  who  was 
also  an  officer  of  the  Expedition,  pub.  a  continuation,  of 
whifh  as  many  copies  wore  printed. 

Herne,  John.  1'.  Law  of  Cr)nveyances,  Lon.,  1656, 
'5S,  '88,  Svo.  2.  The  Pleader,  1657,  fol.  3.  Assurancer, 
1658,  Svo.  4.  Sewers,  1659, 4to.  5.  Charitable  Uses,  1660, 
'63,  Svo. 
Herne,  Samuel.  See  Hearne. 
Herne,  Thomas,  d.  1722.  Fellow  of  Merton  College, 
Oxford,  a  native  of  Suffolk,  pub.  several  theological  works, 
among  which  were  an  account  of  the  Bangorian  Contro- 
versy to  the  end  of  1719,  and  an  account  of  books,  &c.  on 
the  Trinitarian  Controversy  from  1712-20.  See  Masters's 
Hist,  of  C.  C.  C.  C. 

Hernon,  G.  D.  Louisa;  or,  The  Black  Tower,  1803, 
2  v.ds. 

Heron, John.  Custom  Lawsin  Ireland,Dubl., ISIS. Svo. 

Heron,  John.     Fruitful!   Dialogues    treatyng   upon 

the  IJapti^mo  of  Chyldren.  Worcest.,  1551.     It  is  believed 

that  Hcrou  is  a  misprint  for  John  Sennonoys  Veron,  or 

Vernon. 

Hcrou,  31.  The  Conflict;  a  Nov.,  1793,  Lon.,  2  vols. 
12mo. 

Heron,  Rt.  Hon.  Sir  Richard.  1.  Table  of  the 
Families  of  Heron,  1797,  fol.  2.  Family  of  Heron  of 
Newark-upon-Trcnt,  Lon.,  1803,  4to. 

Heron,  Robert,  1764-1807,  a  native  of  New  Gal- 
loway, Scotland,  a  man  of  improvident  habits  and  con- 
siderable talents,  wrote  and  trans,  a  number  of  works,  of 
which  the  best-known  are: — 1.  Journey  in  the  Western 
Counties  of  Scotland,  1793,  2  vols.  Svo.  2.  Hist,  of  Scot- 
land, 1794-99,  6  vols.  Svo.  3.  Universal  Geography,  179S, 
4  vols.  Svo.  4.  The  Comforts  of  Life,  1S07.  He  was  editor 
and  contributor  to  several  periodicals.  See  Chambers  and 
Thomson's  Biog.  Diet,  of  Eminent  Scotsmen;  Murray's 
Lit.  Hist,  of  Galloway;  Disraeli's  Calamities  of  Authors; 
Watt's  Bibl.  Brit.;  Miller's  Fly-Leaves,  1st  Series,  36. 


HER 

Heron,  Robert.  Letters  of  Literature,  Lon.,  17S3, 
'S4,  '85,  Svo.  This  was  a  name  assumed  by  John  Pinker- 
ton,  subsequently  a  well-known  writer. 

Herport,  Rev,  Briau.  Truths  of  Importance  to  the 
Happiness  of  Mankind,  Legal  Oaths,  &c.,  Lon.,  1768,  Svo. 

Herreken,  N.  T.     Confidence  in  God,  Ac..  1804. 

Herrey,  Robert  F,  Bible  Concordances,  Lon.,  1578, 
4to. 

Herrick,  Joseph,  of  Colchester.  1.  Salvation  pos- 
sible to  the  Vilest  Sinners,  Lon.,  1842,  18mo.  2.  Salvation 
Certain  and  Complete,  1847,  32mo.  3.  Greatness  of  Prod's 
Mercy,  1847,  18mo. 

Herrick,  Heyrick,  Hearick,  or  Ilircck,  Ro- 
bert, loyi-l')ti2  ?  a  divine  and  a  very  eminent  poet,  de- 
ecended  from  Kric,  a  Danish  chief  temp.  Alfred  the  Great, 
was  a  native  of  Cheapside,  London.  He  studied  at  Cam- 
bridge, was  presented  to  the  living  of  Dean  Prior,  Devon- 
shire, in  1629;  was  deprived  by  Cromwell  in  1648;  and 
reinstated  in  his  living  by  Charles  II.  in  1660.  1.  Hespe- 
rides;  or,  The  Works,  both  Humane  and  Divine, of  Robert 
Herrick,  Lon.,  1648,  Svo.  To  this  vol.  was  appended  his 
''Noble  Numbers;  or,  his  Pieces  wherein  (amoug  uther 
things)  he  sings  the  Birth  of  Christ,  and  sighs  fur  his 
Saviour's  Sufl'erings  on  the  Cross,"  1647,  pp.  79.  Bibl. 
Anglo-Poet.,  340,  £8  Ss. 

'■These  two  books  of  poetry  made  him  much  admired  in  the 
time  when  they  were  published,  espciialiy  by  the  generous  and 
boon-loyalists  among  whom  he  was  numbered  as  a  sufftrer." — 
Athen.  Oxun. 

2.  Select  Poems  from  the  Hesperides,  with  Occasional 
Remarks  by  J.  N(ott,  D.D.).,  Bristol,  1810,  sm.  Svo,  pp.  253. 

3.  The  Works  of  Robert  Herrick,  Edin.,  1823,  2  vols.  cr.  Svo. 

4.  Lou.,  1825,  2  vols.  cr.  Svo.  5.  Hesperides,  and  Selected 
Works,  by  C.  Short,  1839, 12mo.  6.  Hesi)erides,  1844, 2  vols. 
24mo.  7. 1S46,  2  vols.  12mo.  8. 1846,  2  vols.  p.  Svo.  9.  Se- 
lections for  Translations  into  Latin  Verse,  184S,  12mo. 
10.  Hesperides,  1850, 18mo.  11.1852.    12. 1866,2  vols.l2mo. 

"  Hi?rrick's  Hespendes  is  a  vol.  of  equal  rarity  and  merit.  Seve- 
ral of  his  poems  havelieeu  ^t!vi^ed  in  modern  colltfL-tions :  the  best 
perhaps  will  bo  found  in  Drake's  Literary  Il'mrs;  those  which 
more  (.'Specially  relate  to  himself  and  bis  family,  iu  Nichols's  Hist, 
of  Leicestershire,  where  also  are  several  of  his  letters." — Bliss's 
Wood's  Athen.  Oxan.,  iii.  251. 

Among  the  best-known  of  his  pieces  are  Cherry  Ripe, 
Gather  the  Rose-buds  where  ye  may,  To  Blossoms,  To 
Daflodils,  The  Kiss,  Tu  Corinna.,  Poems  to  and  upon  Julia, 
To  Primroses  filled  with  Morning  Dew,  To  Find  God,  and 
A  Thanksgiving  for  his  House. 

Herrick  is  a  most  exquisite  poet,  but,  unfortunately,  de- 
lighted in  the  wauderings  of  a  libertine  muse.     To  quote 
the  language  of  Dr.  Drake,  iu  the  work  just  referred  to: 
'■  So  iijjudii-'iously  are  the  contents  of  his  volume  disposed,  and 
'  60  totally  divested  of  order  aud  propriety,  that  it  would  almost 

I  Beem  the  poet  wished  to  pollute  aud  bury  his  best  effusions  in  a 

mass  of  nonsense  aud  obscenity.  Nine  persons  out  of  ten  who 
should  casually  dip  into  the  collection  would,  in  all  probability, 
after  glancing  over  a  few  trittiug  epigrams,  thi'ow  it  down  with 
indignation,  little  apprehtiuding  it  contained  many  pieces  of  a 
truly  moral  and  pathetic,  and  of  an  exqulsitt_4y  rural  aud  descrip- 
tive, strain.  Such,  however,  is  the  case." — Literary  Hours,  1820, 
i.  14:  aud  see  ii.  353-3S7. 

We  quote  some  other  opinions  respecting  the  character- 
istics of  this  favourite  poet. 

Phillips,  rather  coldly,  allows  him  to  have  shown  occa- 
sionally *•  a  pretty  flowery  and  pastoral  gale  of  fancy," 
(Theatrum  Poetarum;)  but  another  contemporary  critic 
assures  us,  with  more  vehemence  than  elegance,  that 

" Horace, 

He  was  but  a  sour-ass, 

Aud  good  for  nothing  but  lyric; 

There's  but  one  to  be  found 

In  all  English  ground 

Writes  so  well,  who  is  bight  Robert  Herrick." 

JVaps  vpon  I^arnassus,  (1658.) 
But  let  us  look  a  little  into  the  verdict  of  modern  criti- 
cism : 

"  He  has  much  of  the  lively  grace  that  distinguishes  Anacreon 
and  Catullus,  and  approaches  also,  with  a  less  cloying  monotony, 
to  the  Hasia  of  Joannes  Secundus.  llenick  has  as  much  variety 
as  the  poetry  of  liisses  can  well  have;  but  his  love  is  in  a  very 
slight  degree  that  of  sentiment,  or  even  auy  intense  passion ;  his 
mistresses  have  little  to  recommend  Ihem,  even  iu  his  own  eyes, 
pave  their  beauties,  and  none  of  these  are  omitted  in  his  catalogues. 
Yet  he  is  abundant  in  the  resources  of  verse;  without  the  exu- 
berant gaiety  of  Suckling,  or,  perhaps,  the  delica.cy  of  Carew,  he  is 
sportive,  fanciful,  and  generally  of  polished  language." — Hallavi's 
Lit.  Hist,  of  Europe. 

'*  More  than  auy  eminent  writer  of  that  day.Herrick's  collection 
requires  careful  sifting;  but  there  is  so  much  fancy,  so  much  deli- 
cacy, so  much  grace,  that  a  good  selection  would  well  repay  the 
publisher.    Hits  there  are  that  are  exquisite;  as  when,  in  enume- 
rating the  cates  composing  Oberon's  Feast,  in  his  Fairy-land,  he 
includes,  auong  a  strange  farrago  of  unimaginable  dishes, 
*"'The  broke  heart  of  a  nightingale 
O'ercome  in  music' 
53 


HER 

"  Some  of  his  pieces,  too,  contain  curious  illustrations  of  the  cus- 
toms, manners,  and  prejudices  of  our  ancestors But  his  real 

delight  was  among  flowers  and  bees,  and  nymphs  and  cupids ;  and 
certainly  these  graceful  subjects  were  never  handled  more  grace- 
fully."— Maky  Kussell  MrrFORD:  JincoUec.  of  a  Literary  Life. 

"  Henick's  vein  of  poetry  is  very  irregular;  but  where  the  ore 
is  pure  it  is  of  high  value.  .  .  .  To  his  tlesperides,  or  Works  Hu- 
man and  Divine,  he  added  some  pieces  on  religious  subjects,  where 
his  volatile  genius  was  not  in  her  element." — Campbell's  Notices 
of  the  British  Poets. 

"  Herrick  possessed  a  vigour  of  fancy,  a  warmth  of  feeling,  a 
soundness  of  sense,  and  an  ease  of  versification,  sufficient  to  rank 
him  very  high  in  the  scale  of  English  minor  poets." — Lon.  Qiiar. 
Eev.,  iv.  107-174. 

"  He  displays  considerable  facility  of  simple  diction,  and  consi- 
derable variety  of  lyrical  versification.  Ue  is  successful  in  imitat- 
ing the  sprightliness  of  Anacreontic  gaiety  and  the  lucid  ne.-duess 
of  the  .ancient  anthologists." — Blackwood's  Mag.,  xlv.  78^-7'^^,  q.  v.: 
see  also  x.xxiv.  123. 

"Forgetting  the  impurities  of  our  author,  and  estimating  the 
chaste  effusions  of  his  lelicitous  genius,  we  do  not  hesitate  to  pro- 
nounce him  the  very  best  of  English  Lyric  Poets.  Ue  is  the  most 
joyous  and  gladsome  of  bards;  singing,  like  the  grasshopper,  as 
if  he  would  never  grow  old.  He  is  as  fresh  as  the  spring,  as  blithe 
as  summer,  and  as  ripe  as  autumn.  We  know  of  no  English  poet 
who  is  so  ahandrmni,  as  the  French  term  it.  who  so  wholly  gives 
himself  up  to  his  present  feelings,  who  is  so  much  heart  aud  soul 
in  what  he  writes,  and  this  not  on  one  subject  only,  but  on  all 
subjects  alike.  .  .  .  His  poems  resemble  a  luxuriant  meadow,  full 
of  king-cups  and  ^vild-flowerH,  or  a  ,Tuly  firmament  sparkling  with 
a  myriad  of  stars." — Lun.  Bdrosp.  Rev.,  v.  156-lSO,  WZI. 

See  also  Nieliols'a  Hist,  of  Leicestershire  ;  Hallam's  Lit. 
TTist.  of  Europe,  4th  ed.,  1854,  iii.  43;  Gent.  Mag.,  Ixvi., 
Pt.  1,  384,  461,  103;  Pt.  2,  645,  736;  Ixvii.,  Pt.  1,  102. 

The  Herricks  of  New  England  are  descended  from  the 
ancient  family  which  claims  the  poet;  and  A  Genealogical 
Register  of  the  name  and  family  of  Herrick  was  pub.  by 
Jcdediah  Herrick,  in  1846,  at  Bangor,  Maine. 

The  poetry  of  Herrick  bad  been  wellnigh  forgotten 
until  about  the  commencement  of  the  preseut  century, 
when,  by  the  exertions  of  Dr.  Nott,  Dr.  Drake,  Mr.  Ellis, 
and  a  writer  in  the  Gent.  Mag.  for  1796,  (see  ante,)  he 
secured  a  popularity  which  seems  likely  to  remain  perma- 
nent among  the  disciples  of  the  school  of  English  Lyric 
Poetry.  If  we  are  deemed  unnecessarily  harsh  in  our 
condemnation  of  those  licentious  strains  which  disfigure 
the  beauty  of  so  many  pages  of  Herrick's  Hesperiues, 
we  need  do  no  more  than  record  the  author's  own  mature 
verdict  on  these  frequent  transgressions  against  good  taste 
and  good  morals : 

•'  For  these  my  unbaptized  rhymes. 

Writ  iu  my  wild  unhallowed  times, — 

For  every  sentence,  clause,  aud  word. 

That's  not  inlaid  with  thee,  O  Lord! — 

Forgive  me,  Ood,  and  blot  each  line 

Out  of  my  book  that  is  not  thine: 

But  if  'mongst  all  thou  findest  one 

Worthy  thy  benediction, 

That  one  of  all  the  lest  shall  be 

The  glory  of  my  work  and  me." 

It  is  well  thus  to  repent  of  an  offence:  but  far  better 
would  it  have  been  never  to  have  offended ! 

Heri'ies,  Johu.  Elements  of  Speech,  Lon.,  1773, 
Svo.     This  work  has  elicited  high  commendation. 

Ilerries,  Johu  Charles.  1.  Financial  and  Com- 
mercial Affairs,  1797,  Svo.  2.  State  of  Europe,  1S02,  Svo. 
3.  Instructions  for  Cavalry,  1804-05,  2  vols.  Svo. 

Herring,  or  Hering,  Francis,  M.D.,  pub.  a  Latin 
poem,  three  works  on  the  Plague,  &q.,  Lon.,  1603-65. 

Herring,  Richard,  Paper  and  Paper-Making,  Lon., 
1855,  Svo.  See  Longman's  Notes  on  Books,  Nov.  30, 
1S55,  p.  44. 

Herring,  Thomas,  D.D.,  1691-1757,  a  native  of 
Walsokcn,  Norfolk,  educated  at  Jesus  College,  Cambridge ; 
Fellow  of  Corpus  Christi  College,  1716;  Eeetor  of  Ket- 
tenden,  Essex,  and  of  Barclay,  Hertfordshire,  1722 ; 
Preacher  of  Lincoln's  Inn,  1726;  Dean  of  Rochester, 
1731  ;  Bishop  of  Bangor.  1737 :  trans,  to  York,  1743,  and 
to  Canterbury,  1747.  1.  Letter  to  the  Bishops  of  his 
province,  Lon.,  1748,  Svo.  2.  Serm.  on  Acts  sxvi.  18. 
Oxon.,  1756,  4to.  3.  Seven  Serms.  on  Public  Occasions, 
with  a  Memoir  by  Wm.  Duncombe,  Lon.,  1763.  Svo. 

"  Elegant,  spirited,  and  masterly." — L071.  Critirol  Bev. 

4.  Letters  to  VVm.  Duncombe,  1728-57,  12mo,  1777. 

Herring,  Thomas,  Preb.  of  York,  and  Rector  of 
Cullesden,  Surrey.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1765,  4to. 

Herringham,  VV.     Serm.,  1804. 

Herriolt,  George.     See  Heriot. 
Herrman,   T.   C     Inhabitants  of   Russia;    Thorn. 
Ann.  Pbilos.,  iii.  165,  438,  1814. 

Herschel,  Caroline  Lucretia,  1750-1848,  sister 
and  assistant  of  the  distinguished  ustrononier.  Dr.  "William 
Herschel,  was  also  a  native  of  Ilanovtir,  whore  she  resided 
until  her  twenty-second  year,  when  she  joined  her  brother 

833 


HER 


HER 


William,  then  a  musician,  at  Batb,  in  England.  On  her 
brother's  death,  in  1822,  she  returned  to  Hanover,  after  a 
residence  in  England  of  more  than  half  a  century.  She 
made  a  number  of  astronomical  discoveries,  (see  Gent. 
Mag.,  April,  1848,)  and  gave  to  the  world — 1.  A  Cata- 
logue of  561  stars  observed  by  Flamsteed.  2.  A  General 
Index  of  Reference  to  every  Observation  of  every  Star 
inserted  in  the  British  Catalogue;  with  introductory  and 
explanatory  remarks  to  each  of  them,  by  Wm.  Ilcrschel, 
LL.D.  These  two  works  were  pub.  together  in  one  vol. 
by  the  Royal  Society,  Lou.,  1798,  fol.  Jliss  Herschel 
also  completed  the  reduction  and  arrangement  of  a  Zone- 
Catalogue  of  all  the  nebulae  and  clusters  of  stars  observed 
by  her  brother  in  his  sweeps. — a  work  which  was  rewarded 
by  the  Gold  Medal  of  the  Astronomical  Society  of  Lon- 
don, in  1828.  Miss  H.  also  pub.  An  Account  of  a  New 
Comet.  Phil.  Trans.,  1787  ;  Discovery  of  a  New  Comet, 
Phil.  Trans.,  1796. 

"  A  lady  eminent  for  her  soientific  knowledge  and  unwavering 
perseverance  in  aetronomieal  discovery." — H'uuuth  M.  Bonvier's 
Familiar  Astronomy^  Phila.,  1867,  Svo,  p.  191 ;  and  see  p,  235-236: 
see  also  Dr.  J.  P.  Nkbors  Architecture  of  the  Heavens;  Daily's 
Life  of  riamsteed;  Gent.  Mhr.,  April,  1848. 

Miss  Bouvier's  Familiar  Astronomy — ^just  referred  to — 
has  elicited  warm  commendations  from  distinguished 
authorities;  and  it  will  be  found  an  invaluable  assistant 
and  an  agreeable  companion  in  every  family,  school,  or 
private  library. 

Herschel,  Sir  John  Frederick  William,  D.C.L., 
Master  of  the  Mint  since  1800,  an  eminent  astronomer, 
b.  1790,  at  Slough,  near  Windsor,  England,  is  the  only 
son  of  the  distinguished  astronomer,  Sir  William  Herschel. 
After  completing  his  studies  at  St.  John's  College,  Cam- 
bridge, and  attaining  great  distinction  as  a  mathematician, 
he  naturally  turned  his  attention  to  the  noble  science 
which  had  already  made  his  name  immortal.  His  success 
in  this  brilliant  field  of  investigation  is  too  well  known 
to  call  for  much  comment  at  our  hands.  In  1838  be  was 
made  a  baronet;  in  1839  created  a  D.C.L.  of  Oxford;  and 
in  1842  elected  Lord-Rector  of  Marischal  College,  Aberdeen. 
In  addition  to  many  papers  pub.  in  the  Transactions  of 
the  Royal  Society  and  of  the  Astronomical  Society,  a  recon- 
struction (in  conjunction  with  Peacock)  of  Lacroix's  trea- 
tise on  the  Differential  Calculus,  editing  Spence's  Mathe- 
matical E.^says,  and  contributing  treatises  on  Sound,  Light, 
and  Physical  Astronomy,  to  the  Encyclopsedia  Metropoli- 
tana.  and  other  essays  to  various  journals.  Sir  John  Her- 
schel has  given  to  the  world  the  following  valuable  works  : 
1.  A  Preliminary  Discourse  on  the  Study  of  Natural  Phi- 
losophy, Lon.,  1830,  12mo,  pp.  372;  vol.  xiv.  of  Lardnei's 
Cyc.     New  ed.,  1851,  ]2mo. 

"  Without  doing  more  than  alluding  to  the  delight  with  which 
this  work  has  Weu  several  times  perused  by  the  writer  of  these 
pages,  he  can  assure  the  reader  that  he  has  frequently  heard  the 
most  eminent  scientific  men  speak  of  it  as  a  singularly  beautiful, 
accurate,  and  masterly  perform.ince.  Its  author  will  be  univer- 
sally admitted  to  be  consummately  qualified  for  such  an  under- 
taking.— as  far  as  the  union  of  exact  and  profound  science  with 
elegant  and  varied  accomplishments  and  refined  taste  can  be 
considered  as  constitutiug  such  qualification.  The  style  is  se- 
Terelv  chaste,  and  not  obscured  by  technicalities." — WarreiCs  Law 
Studies,  2d  ed.,  18-15, 196-107. 

An  eminent  modern  authority,  referring  to  Professor  Play- 
fair's  abstract — in  his  Prelim.  Dissert,  to  Encyc.  Brit. — of 
the  second  book  of  Bacon's  Novum  Organum,  and  the 
commentator's  illustrations  from  modern  science,  remarks: 
"Sir  John  Herschel,  in  his  admirable  Discourse  on  Natural 
Philosophy,  has  added  a  greater  number  from  still  more  recent 
discoveries,  and  has  also  furnished  such  a  luminous  developuieut 
of  the  difficulties  of  the  Novum  Organum  as  had  bt-eu  vainly 
hoped  for  in  former  times.'' — Ilallam's  Ld.  Ilist.  o/*  iJun^j^t,  4th 
ed.,  1S54,  vol.  ii.  412:  see  also  same  vol.,  411,  n.,  442,  n. 

"This  discourse,  as  a  collection  of  important  facts  interesting 
to  every  human  being,  is  without  a  rival.  The  whole  is  a  master- 
piece, that  reflects  the  highest  honour  on  the  author,  not  less  as 
a  philosopher  than  as  a  man." — Lo7i.  Month.  Hcv. 

See  Lon.  Quar.  Kev.,  Ixxxviii.  374r-407  ;  Ixxxv.  3. 
'*  Sir  John  Herschel  is  eminently  qualified  for  this  task,  being 
a  distinguished  ex.imple  of  a  person  possessing  a  profound  and 
complete  knowledge  of  almost  every  branch  of  physics." — Lon. 
Quar.  Hev. 

2.  A  Treatise  on  Astronomy,  1833,  12mo ;  vol.  xliii.  of 
Lardner's  Cyc. 

"  We  recommend  it  to  the  attention  of  everybody  who  wishes  to 
become  acquainted  with  the  sublime  truths  of  astronomy,  with- 
out having  his  mind  harassed  by  the  technical  details  which 
render  almost  all  other  works  of  the  kind  repulsive  to  the  general 
reader." — Lnn.  Qutir.  Rev.     See  Kdin.  Rev.,  Iviii.  164-198. 

3.  A  Treatise  on  Physical  Astronomy,  4to.  4.  Results 
of  Astronomical  Observations  made  daring  the  years 
1834,  '35,  '36,  '37,  '38,  at  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope;  being 
the  completion  of  a  Telescopic  Survey  of  the  whole  Surface 
of  the  Visible  Heavens,  commenced  in  1825,  4to,  1847. 

831 


''The  work  whnse  title  we  have  placed  at  the  head  of  this  article 
forms  the  record  of  the  completion  of  the  grejitest  astronomical 
ehceiprise  that  was  ever  undertaken  by  the  members  of  one 
family.  It  was  begun  about  seventy  years  ago,  by  Sir  William 
Herschel,  the  father,  assisted  by  his  sister  Caroline  and  his  brother 
Alexander,  and  continued  by  him.  with  little  or  no  interrnptinn, 
almost  ilnwn  to  the  close  of  a  very  lon;,'  life.  ...  In  1S25  it  was 
resumed  by  bis  son." — D.Un.  Rev.,  Ixxxviii.  104-143. 

Read  this  valuable  paper  j  also  articles  in  Lon.  Quar. 
Rev.,  Ixxxv.  1-31  •  N.  Brit.  Rev.,  viii.  203,  (same  art.  in 
Liv.  Age.  xvi.  577-59fi  :)  Amer.  Jour,  of  Sci.,  2d  Ser.,  v.  86. 

5.  Outlines  of  Astronomy,  1849,  8vo.  This  may  be  con- 
sidered an  enlarged  ed.  of  No.  2.  5th  ed..  thoroughly  re- 
vised and  corrected  to  the  existing  state  of  astronomical 
science.  1858,  8vo.  See  Lon.  Quar.  Rev.,  Ixxxv.  3.  31  ; 
Church  of  Eng.  Quar.  Rev. ;  Lon.  Evangel.  Rev. ;  Lon. 
Eclec.  Rev.,  4th  Ser.,  xxvi.  576  ;  Bost.  Chris.  Exam.,  xlvii. 
268 ;  Lon.  Athenajura,  May  26,  1849 ;  Lon.  Examiner, 
May  19.  1849. 

"  We  take  our  leave  of  this  remarkable  work,  which  we  hold  to 
be,  beyond  a  doubt,  the  most  remarkable  of  the  works  in  which 
the  laus  of  astronomy  and  the  appearances  of  the  heavens  are 
described  to  those  who  are  not  mathematicians  nor  observers,  and 
rL'called  to  those  who  are.  ...  It  is  the  reward  of  men  ivho  win 
descend  fi-om  the  advancement  of  knowledge  to  care  for  its  diffu- 
sion, that  their  works  are  essential  to  all. — that  they  become  the 
manuals  of  the  proficient  as  well  as  the  text-books  of  the  learner." 
— Lim.  AthejUEum,  vhi  siij^ra. 

6.  A  Manual  of  Scientific  Enquiry,  1849,  p.  8vo  ;  2d 
ed.,  1851,  p.  8vo.  Edited  by  Sir  John  F.  W.  Herschel.  . 
Pub.  by  Authority  of  the  Lords-Commissioners  of  the 
Admiralty.  Prepared  for  the  use  of  II.  M.  Navy,  and 
for  travellers  in  general.  The  treatises  in  this  vol. — which 
are  by  the  editor.  Sir  W.  J.  Hooker,  Sir  II.  De  La  Beche, 
Lt.-Col.  Sabine,  Drs.  Whewell,  Pritchard.  and  Bryson, 
and  Messrs.  Airy,  Beechey,  Hamilton,  Darwin.  Mallet, 
Birt.  Owen,  and  Porter — were  drawn  up  at  the  request  of 
the  late  Lord  Auckland,  in  accordance  with  a  memorandum 
by  the  Lords  of  the  Admiralty.  It  may  well  be  believed 
that  such  a  volume  is  literally  invaluable. 

"  The  reader  has  the  pith  of  the  matter  by  the  shortest  cut,  and 
pretty  much  as  a  professional  pupil  would  be  taught  by  a  practical 
man.  He  is  told  to  do  the  easiest  things,  and  how  to  do  them; 
and,  what  miiiht  not  always  be  gotten  from  a  practical  man,  indi- 
cations are  often  given  of  the  principles  of  the  science,  and  the 
best  elementary  books  are  pointed  out.  A  Manual  of  Scientific 
Enquiry  will  not  only  be  found  an  admirable  book  for  its  express 
object,  but  may  be  used  advantageously  by  all  travellers,  and  pe- 
rused with  interest  at  home." — Lon.  Spectator.  See  also  Lon.  M. 
Herald.  1849. 

7.  Essays  from  the  Edinburgh  and  Quarterly  Reviews, 
with  Addresses  and  other  Pieces,  1857,  8vo. 

Great  as  are  the  obligations  of  the  world  to  Sir  John 
Herschel,  the  public  arc  not  willing  to  abandon  the  hope 
of  further  illustrations  of  the  noble  science  of  which  he 
is  so  erudite  a  professor.  To  adopt  the  language  of  an 
ardent  admirer  of  his  works, 

"  If  his  day  of  laborious  observation  be  over,  we  trust  that  of 
thought  and  speculation  will  continue." — Lon.  Atlien.,  ubi  supra. 

Herschel,  Sir  William,  LL.D.,  1738-1822,  one  of 
the  must  illustrious  of  astronomers,  was  a  native  of  Hano- 
ver, the  son  of  a  musician,  who  educated  bis  five  sons  to 
the  same  profession.  At  the  age  of  fourteen  William  was 
placed  in  the  band  of  the  Hanoverian  Foot  Guards;  but, 
dissatisfied  with  this  humble  position,  ho  determined  to 
try  his  fortune  in  England,  where  he  arrived  about  the 
end  of  1757.  Whilst  busily  employed  as  a  teacher  of 
music,  he  yet  found  leisure  for  the  prosecution  of  his  stu- 
dies in  mathematics,  and  especially  in  astronomy,  for 
which  science  he  entertained  an  enthusiastic  attachment. 
Ha%'ing  succeeded,  after  many  trials,  in  making  a  number 
of  excellent  telescopes,  he  commenced  his  observations  in 
1776,  and  continued  them  with  unwearied  zeal.  At  length, 
in  1781,  he  discovered  what  he  at  first  thought  a  comet, 
but  what  proved  to  be  a  new  planet, — the  Georgium  Sidus, 
now  called  Uranus,  from  its  being  next  to  Saturn.  For  a 
detailed  account  of  the  results  of  his  observations — which 
were  continued  until  within  a  few  months  of  his  death — 
we  must  refer  the  reader  to  the  list  of  his  papers  in  Phil. 
Trans.,  1780-1820;  contrib.  to  Nich.  Jour,  and  to  Trans. 
Astron.  Soc. ;  Arago's  account  of  Herschel  in  the  Annuaire, 
1842;  Annual  Biography,  Lon.,  1823;  Gent.  Mag.,  Sept. 
1822;  Chambers's  Journal;  For.  Quar.  Rev.,  xxxi.  438; 
Edin.  Philos.  Jour.,  April,  1823 :  Edin.  Encyc,  art.  As- 
tronomy; Edin.  Rev.,  i.  426;  Niles's  (Bait.)  Reg.,  ii.  154; 
N.  Y.  Eclec.  Mus.,  ii.  556.  See  also  Hkhscuel,  Caroline 
LucPvETiA ;  Herschel,  Sir  John  Freoerick  William. 

In  1786  Herschel  received  the  degree  of  D.C.L.  from 
the  University  of  Oxford;  in  1816  he  was  knighted,  and 
in  1820  elected  the  first  President  of  the  Astronomical 
Society. 

"  As  an  astronomer  be  was  surpassed  by  no  one  of  the  present 


HER 


HER 


age:  aod  the  depth  of  hia  scientific  research  and  extent  of  his  ob- 
servations rendeied  him  perhaps  second  onl}'  to  the  immortal 
Newton." — Lnn.  Gent.  Mag.,  ubi  supra. 

But  we  must  not  forget  to  quote  the  eloquent  tribute  of 
the  historian  of  modern  Europe  to  the  merits  of  the  illus- 
trious subject  of  our  notice  : 

"  Ilerschel.  by  multiplying  with  incredible  labour  and  skill  the 
powers  of  the  telescope,  was  enabled  to  look  further  into  space 
than  man  had  ever  done  before,  discover  a  world  hitherto  unseen 
in  the  firmament,  and,  in  the  Georgium  Sidas.  add  a  '  new  string 
to  the  lyre  of  heaven.' " — Aliscfii's  Hist,  of  Eurtrpc,  1816-52,  chap.  T. 

Herschell,  Philip,  Strictures  on  the  paet  Hist,  of 
the  Jews,  and  on  the  future  Prospects  of  that  People,  Lon., 
1831.  12mo. 

Herschell,  Ridley  H.  1.  Sketch  of  the  Present 
State  and  Future  E.^pectations  of  the  Jews,  1833,  Lon.  ; 
4th  ed.,  1837,  ISmo.  See  Lowndes's  Brit.  Lib.,  1255. 
2.  Reasons  why  I,  a  Jew,  hove  become  a  Catholic,  and 
not  a  Roman  Catholic,  Lon.,  1S42,  Svo. 

Herser,  T,     Poems,  Rural  and  Domestic,  1812.  Svo. 

Hertell,  Thomas.  The  Demurrer;  or,  Proofs  of 
Error  in  the  Decisions  of  the  Supreme  Ct.  of  N.  York,  N. 
York,  Svo. 

Hertford,  Marquis  of.     See  Seymour,  Williasi. 

Hertslet,  Lewis.  Treaties,  Ac.  between  G.  Brit, 
and  Foreign  Powers,  Lon.,  1820-51,  8  vols.  Svo.  A  work 
of  great  value,  compiled  from  authentic  documents. 

Herty,  Thomas.  1.  Digest  of  the  Laws  of  Mary- 
land to  Nov.  1797,  Bait.,  1799,  Svo.  2.  Digest  of  the  Laws 
of  the  U.  States,  1789-99,  Svo,  1800. 

Herve,  Peter,  1.  How  to  enjoy  Paris,  1S16,  2  vols. 
2.  The  New  Picture  of  Paris,  Lon..  1829,  12mo. 

Hervey,  Mrs.,  of  Alton.  1.  The  Mourtray  Family; 
a  Nov.,  Lon.,  1810;  3d  ed.,  1813.  4  vols.  2.  Anabel,  1813, 
4  vols.  12mo.    3.  Auberry  Stanhope,  1815.  3  vols. 

Hervey,  Lord  Arthur,  Rector  of  Ickworth,  and  Cu- 
rate of  Hurringer.  1.  Serms.  for  the  Sundays  and  Principal 
Holydays  throughout  the  Year,  Lon..  1851,  2  vols.  12mo. 

"They  are  plain  and  unaffected  productions,  intended  fbr  rural 
congrepations,  and  well  adapted  to  them." — Lon.  Guardian. 

2.  The  Genealogies  of  our  Lord  and  Saviour  Jesus 
Christ,  Camb.,  1853,  Svo. 

''The  production  uf  a  thorough  scholar." — Bril.  Qttar.  Rev. 
"A  valuable  storehouse  of  information  on  this  important  sub- 
ject."— Jour,  of  Sacred  Lit. 

3.  The  Inspiration  of  Holy  Scripture  :  5  Serms.  preached 
before  the  University,  Dec.  1855,  Svo,  1856. 

Hervey,  Christopher.  Letters  from  Portugal.  Spain, 
Italy,  and  Germany,  in  1759-61,  Lon.,  1785,  3  vols.  Svo. 

Hervey,  Mrs.  Eleouora  Louisa.  See  Hervey, 
Mrs.  TnoMAS  Kibble. 

Hervey,  Frederic.  1.  The  Naval  Hist,  of  G.  Britain, 
Lon.,  1779.  Svo.  This  work  does  not  occupy  a  high  rank. 
2.  Geography,  1785,  fol. 

Hervey,  George  Winfred.  1.  The  Principles  of 
Courtesy,  N.  York,  1852, 12mo.  2.  Rhetoric  of  Conversa- 
tion, 1853,  12mo. 

"In  this  volume,  by  an  American  writer,  will  be  found  much 
sensible  and  entertaining  counsel,  and  illustrations  historical  and 
biographiL-al." — L^m.  Literary  Ga^^tte. 

See  Lon.  Athen^um,  1S54,  p.  405. 

Hervey,  J.     The  Castle  of  Tynemouth,  1806,  2  vols. 

Hervey,  James,  1713-14^1758,  a  profound  scholar 
and  exemplary  divine,  a  native  of  Hardingstone,  was  edu- 
cated at  Lincoln  College,  Oxford;  Curate  of  Dummer, 
Hampshire,  about  1730;  obtained  the  livings  of  Westou- 
Favel  and  ColHngtree  about  1752.  Mr.  Hervey  pub.  many 
occasional  serms.,  and  several  works,  of  which  the  follow- 
ing are  the  best-known  :  1.  Meditations  and  Contempla- 
tions :  vol.  i.,  containing  Meditations  among  the  Tombs; 
Reflections  on  a  Flower  Garden  ;  and  a  Descant  on  Crea- 
tion, Lon.,  1746,  Svo;  vol.  ii.,  containing  Contemplations 
on  the  Night  and  Starry  Heavens,  and  a  AVinter  Piece, 
1747,  Svo.  Many  eds.  Generally  bound  together,  and 
referred  to  as  one  work,  under  the  title  of  Uervey's  Medi- 
tations. Last  ed.,  1855,  12mo.  In  Blank  Verse,  by  Thos. 
Newcomb,  1757,  2  vols.  Svo. 

"Uervey's  Medit^itions,  with  the  Pilgrim's  Piosress.  the  Duty 
of  Man,  and  the  Bible,  are  commonly  seen  together  ou  a  shelf  in 
the  cottages  in  Kngland." 

The  style  of  the  Meditations  is  highly  poetical,  and 
abounds  in  imagery  not  always  of  the  most  classical  de- 
scription ;  but  this  fioridity,  which  displeased  the  critics, 
enchanted  the  multitude.  Southey  remarks  that  the  work  is 

"  Not  more  laudable  in  its  purport  than  vicious  in  its  style,  and, 
therefore,  one  of  the  most  popular  that  ever  was  written." 

Another  critic  remarks : 

"I  cannot  help  thitikins^  that  it  reflects  more  honour  on  the 
religious  turn  and  good  dispositions  of  the  present  age.  than  on 
the  public  taste,  that  Mr.  Uervey's  Meditations  have  had  so  great 
a  currency.    The  pious  and  benevolent  heart  which  is  always  dis- 


played in  them,  and  the  li%'ely  fiincy  which,  on  some  occasjnns, 
appe:ir8.  justly  merited  applause;  bu"t  the  perpetual  glitter  of  ex- 
pression, the  swoln  imagery  and  strained  description  which  abound 
in  them,  are  ornaments  of  a  false  kind.  I  would,  therefore,  ad- 
vise students  of  oratory  to  imitate  Mr.  Uervey's  piety  rather  than 
his  style;  and,  in  all  compositions  of  a  serious  kiud.'to  turn  their 
attention,  as  Mr.  Pope  .';ays,  '  from  sounds  to  thintrs,  from  fancy  to 
the  heart.'  "—Blair's  Lects.  on  Bhet.  and  Bdles-LeUres. 

"  Prosaic  verse,  everybody  knows,  is  what  anybody  may  write 

I  and  nobody  will  endure;  nor,  in  a  polite  age.  can  it,  under  any 

j  circumstances,  be  rendered  attractive.     But  poetical  prose,  though 

I  the  dullest,  heaviest,  clumsiest  kind  of  literature,  has,  in  some 

!  notorious  instances,  found  more  favour.  .  .  .  Some  works  of  this 

description,  however,  have  been  extensively  read  in  our  refractory 

language;  but  their  day  is  gone  by.    The  pious  sentiments  of 

Uervey's  Meditations  recommended  the  fantastic  style  in  which 

they  were   disguised  to  multitudes,  who  persuaded   themselves 

that  they  were  pleased  because  they  supposed  that,  in  such  a 

case,  they  ought  to  be,  with  tine  words  ami  so  many  of  them."— 

Montr/nmeri/'s  Lects.  on  Gfiii-ral  Lit.,  L'oetrj/^  d-c. 

And  see  extract  from  Williams*s  Christian  Preacher,  at 
conclusion  of  this  article. 

"To  attempt  to  describe  all  the  beauties  and  perfections  of  his 
Contemplations  and  Di.u.ogi:es  would  be  as  vain  as  to  try  to  paint 
the  beams  of  the  sun  in  its  meridian  glory.'' — Dr.  Byfand's  Chtton 
Mather. 

2.  Remarks  on  Bolingbroke's  Letters  on  History,  1753, 
Svo.  3.  Theron  and  Apasio;  or,  A  Series  of  Dialogues 
and  Letters  on  the  most  Important  Subjects,  Lon..  1753- 
55,  3  vols.  Svo.  Many  eds.  New  eds.,  2  vols.  ISmo ;  2 
vols.  Svo  ;  1  vol.  Svo;  1S37,  1  vol.  Svo,  pp.  690  :  see  No.  6, 
post.  This  work  advocates  very  strenuously  the  doctrino 
of  the  imputed  righteousness  of  Christ,  and  in  consequence 
thereof  it  was  attacked  by  a  number  of  writers.  See 
Robert  Sandeman's  Letters  on  Theron  and  Aspasio,  4th 
ed.,  1768,  2  vols.  Svo,  where  will  be  found  an  account  of 
the  progress  of  the  controversy  and  of  the  principal  pieces 
that  were  written  against  Theron  and  Aspasio;  list  of 
works  on  the  subject  in  Lowndes's  Brit.  Lib.,  760-761  ; 
authorities  cited  below. 

4.  VIII.  Serms.,  Oxf..  1759.  12mo.  5.  Hervey's  Letters; 
with  an  Account  of  his  Life  and  Death,  1760,  Lon..  2  vols. 
12mo;  Berwick.  1770.  Svo.  6.  XI.  Letters  to  John  Wesley, 
in  answer  to  his  Remarks  on  Theron  and  Aspasio;  from 
the  author's  MS.;  pub.  by  his  brother,  TV.  Hervey,  Lon., 
1764,  Svo.  These  Letters  will  be  found  in  Tegg's  ed.  of 
Theron  and  Aspasio,  1837,  Svo,  and  perhaps  in  other  eds. 

"  In  his  letters  to  Wesley  you  have  a  most  glorious  and  divine 
exposition  of  some  striking  passages." — De.  Rtland. 

7.  Letters  to  Lady  Shirley,  17S2,  Svo,  consists  of  118 
Letters,  1750-58.  8.  Collected  Works,  ("genuine  edition," 
containing  the  above  works,  and  others,)  Newcastle,  1806, 
6  vols.  Svo.  This  ed.  was  pub.  by  Messrs.  Rivington,  whoso 
predecessor  pub.  all  of  Hervey's  works.  Works,  1769,  6 
vols.  Svo;  1790,  9  vols.  cr.  Svo;  1797,  7  vols.  Svo.  9. 
Letters,  Elegant,  Interesting  and  Evangelical,  Lon.,  1811, 
Svo.  This  may  be  considered  as  a  7th  vol.  of  his  Works. 
Hervey  wrote  a  Preface  for  Burnham's  Memorials  of  Pious 
Women,  1753,  Svo,  (see  p.  30  of  this  Dictionary,)  and  edited, 
with  a  Preface,  an  ed.  of  Jenks's  Meditations,  1757.  See 
Life  of  Hervey,  prefixed  to  his  Letters  and  to  his  Works; 
Beauties  of  Hervey,  with  his  Life,  1782,  12mo;  Dr.  Ry- 
land's  Character  and  Letters  of  Hervey,  1791,  Svo;  (very 
scarce,  Dr.  Ryland's  son  having  bought  all  the  copies  he 
could  procure,  and  destroyed  them :  copies  have  brought 
two  guineas  for  libraries;)  Life  and  Character  of  Hervey, 
by  John  Brown,  1822,  Svo;  Herveiana,  or  graphic  and 
literary  Sketches  of  the  Life  and  Writings  of  the  Rev. 
James  Hervey,  Scarbro',  1822,  ]2mo;  Bickersteth's  Chris- 
tian Student,  4th  ed.,  Lon.,  1844,  fp.  Svo;  Jamieson's  Cyc. 
of  Mod.  Relig.  Biog.,  1853.  p.  Svo. 

•■In  Uervey's  works  are  displayed  a  firm  faith  in  the  divine  tes- 
timony, and  strong  traits  of  benevolence,  in  a  style  too  rich  and 
ornamental:  he,  therefjre,  may  be  read  to  great  profit,  in  order  to 
strengthen  our  faith  in  the  promises,  to  raise  our  affections  towards 
heaven,  and  even  to  improve  our  style,  when  that  verges  to  the 
contrary  extreme  of  poverty,  whether  of  expression,  description, 
or  figurative  language;  but  a  rich  fancy  without  a  critical  judg- 
ment should  beware  of  Uervey  as  a  model." — Wtlhams's  C/iristian 
Brmcher. 

The  reader  will  be  pleased  to  have  Hervey's  own  esti- 
mate of  his  abilities: 

*'  My  friend."  said  he  to  Dr.  Ryland,  "I  have  not  a  strong  mind; 
I  have  not  powers  fitted  for  arduous  researches;  but  I  think  I 
have  a  power  of  writing  in  .somewhat  of  a  striking  manner,  so  far 
as  to  please  mankind  and  recommend  my  dear  Kedeemer." 

He  tells  us  that  the  first  book  which  gave  him  "a  clear 
light  and  understanding  of  the  Gospel"  was  J.  L.  Zimmer- 
man's Excellency  of  the  Knowledge  of  J^^sus  Christ:  "it 
is  enriched  with  deep  religious  experience,  and  was  his 
bosom  companion."  Trans,  by  Moses  Browne,  Lon.,  1772, 
12mo. 

Hervey,  John,  Lord  Hervey.  of  Ickworth,  1696-1743, 
indecently  attacked,  by  the  name  of  "Snorus."  by  Pope, 

835 


HER 

in  the  Prologue  to  the  Satires,  contrihuted  to  Middleton's 
Life  of  Cicei-o  the  translations  from  that  author,  wrote 
some  of  the  best  political  pamphlets  in  defence  of  Sir 
Robert  Walpole,  a  number  of  poetical  pieces,  and  some 
miscellaneous  compositions,  for  a  list  of  which  see  Park's 
Walpole's  R.  &  N.  Authors.  Also  consult  Brydges's  Col- 
lin's Peerage;  Bowles's  Pope;  Coxe's  Memoirs  of  Walpole; 
Swift's  Works.  The  Letters  between  Lord  llervej  and  Dr. 
Middleton  concerning  the  Roman  Senate  were  pub.  from 
the  original  MSS.,  by  Thomas  Knowles,  D.D.,  in  177S,  4to. 
The  best  of  his  lordship's  poetical  effusions  are  in  Dodsley's 
Collection.  There  appeared  in  1848, 2  vols.  Svo,  edited  by 
the  Rt.  lion.  J.  W.  Crokcr,  from  the  family  archives  at 
Ickworth,  Lord  Ilervey's  Memoirs  of  the  Court  of  George 
the  Second  and  Queen  Caroline.  New  ed.,  1854,  2  vols.  Svo. 
"I  kuow  of  no  such  near  and  intimate  picture  of  the  interior 
of  a  court.  No  other  .Mt-moirs  that  I  have  ever  read  bring  us  so 
immediately,  so  actually,  into  not  merely  the  presence,  but  the 
company,  of  the  personages  of  the  royal  circle. 

"Lord  Hervey  is,  I  may  venture  to  say,  almost  the  Boswdl  of 
George  II.  and  Queen  QAvoWm:'— Editor's  Preface. 

"These  volumes  are.  in  every  sense  of  the  word,  the  greatest 
accession  to  our  Kni^lish  historical  literature  of  a  recent  period 
made  siuce  the  publication  of  Pepys's  Diary  .ind  Walpole's  Me- 
moirs. The  style,  if  we  forgive  a  certain  antithesis  of  manner, 
is  good— the  observations  are  from  the  fountaiu-head— the  cha- 
racters are  remarkably  well  drawn — and  the  matter  is  curiously 
confirmatory  of  Walpole's  Reminiscences,  Letters,  and  Memoirs. 

"  The  Editor's  notes  are  just  what  notes  should  be, — phort,useful, 
generally  accurate,  and  always  to  the  point."' — Lon.  Atheiiaum. 

See  also  Lon.  Quar.  Rev.,  Ixxxii.  272;  Edin.  Rev., 
Ixxxviii.  254;  Eclec.  Rev.,  4th  Ser.,  xxiv.  1S4;  Fraser's 
Mag.,  sxxvii.  665. 

Hervey,  Lady  Mary,  wife  of  the  preceding,  and 
daughter  of  Brigadier-General  Nicholas  Leppell,  is  often 
mentioned  in  Pope's  and  Horace  Walpole's  Wurks,  and 
always  with  praise.  Her  Letters  were  pub.,  Lon..  1821,  Svo. 
They  contain  notices  and  anecdotes  of  Lords  Chesterfield, 
Orford,  Mulgrave,  Stair,  Ac. ;  also  of  a  number  of  ambas- 
sadors, divines,  authors,  &c.  of  the  day. 

Hervey,  Hou.  Thomas.  1.  Letter  to  Sir  T.  Han- 
mer,  Lon.,  1741.  Svo.  2.  Lett,  to  the  Rev.  Sir  W.  Bunbury, 
1741,  Svo.     3.  Lett,  to  Wm.  Pitt,  1746,  Svo. 

Hervey,  Rev.  Thomas.  Elementa  Christiana;  the 
XXXIX.  Articles  proved  to  be  agreeable  to  the  Word  of 
God,  Kendall,  1791,  12mo. 

"An  evangelical  exposition  of  the  Articles." — BicJcersMh's  C.  S. 

Hervey,  Thomas  Kibble,  Editor  of  the  Athenaeum 
for  about  eight  years,  (prior  to  1854,)  b.  in  Manchester, 
England,  1804,  has  attained  a  considerable  reputation  for 
poetical  and  critical  abilities.  After  receiving  his  educa- 
tion at  Oxford  and  Cambridge,  he  devoted  some  time  to 
legal  studies,  but  soon  abandoned  Cuke  and  Blackstoue  for 
the  more  congenial  pursuit  of  letters.  We  may  be  per- 
mitted to  express  our  surprise  that  one  who  has  written 
with  such  success  should  have  written  so  little. 

1.  Australia,  and  other  Poems,  Lon.,  1S24,  12mo. 
"Where  almost  every  line  is  beautiful,  selection  is  difficult;  and 

were  we  to  indulge  our  admiration,  by  selecting  every  part  of  this 
elegant  poem  which  claims  it.  our  extracts  might  subject  us  to  the 
charge  of  piracy." — British  Critic^  Aug.  1824. 

See  also  Metropolitan  Review;  Critical  Gazette;  New 
Monthly  Mag.;  Universal  Review;  Literary  Chronicle; 
Literary  Gazette  ;  Somerset  House  Gazette. 

2.  The  Poetical  Skctch-Book.  including  a  Third  Edition 
of  Australia,  1829,  p.  Svo.  Many  of  the  poems  in  this  col- 
lection were  originally  pub.  in  the  Annuals  of  the  day. 

'•Floranthe,  the  most  exquLsite  poem  of  its  length  almost  ever 
written,  opens  the  book.  It  is  needless  to  make  a  selection  from 
what  is  already  so  popular." — Literary  Gazette,  1829,  3(30. 

3.  Illustrations  of  Modern  Sculpture,  with  IS  Engravings, 
1832.  fol. 

"This  chai-ming  work  includes  Daily's  Eve  at  the  Fountain, and 
Sleeping  Nymph;  Westmacott's  Distressed  Mother,  and  Happy 
Mother:  Chantrey's  Sleeping  Children;  Canova's  Dancing  Uirl, 
Venus,  and  Beneficence;  Flaxman's  Michael  and  Satan,  and  Mer- 
tury  and  Pandora;  Thorwaldsen's  Ilebe,  &c." 

4.  The  English  Helicon,  1841,  p.  Svo.  5.  The  Book  of 
Christmas. 

"  Every  leaf  of  this  book  affords  a  feast  worthy  of  the  season." — 
Dr.  Hawlcs's  (New  rork)  Church  Hecord. 

Mr.  Hervey  is  also  the  author  of  a  satirical  poem  en- 
titled The  Devil's  Progress,  and  many  popular  pieces  con- 
tributed to  the  pages  of  Friendship's  Offering,  (for  some 
time  edited  by  Mr.  H.,)  The  Literary  Souvenir,  &c.  See 
Blackwood's  Magazine,  xvii.  98-99,  xix.  88-89;  Men  of 
the  Time,  Lon.,  1856. 

"The  genius  of  T.  li.  Hervey  (for  he  has  genius  at  once  pathetic 
and  refined*  is  not  unalHed  to  thatof  Priugle  and  Watts,  but  with 
a  dash  of  Thomas  Moore.  lie  writes  uniformly  with  taste  and 
elaboration,  polishing  the  careless  and  rejecting  the  crude;  and, 
had  he  addressed  himself  more  earnestly  and  unreservedly  to  the 
task  of  composition,  1  have  litllu  doubt,  from  several  specimens 
SS6 


HEX 

hebas  occasionally  exhibited,  that  ho  might  have  occupied  a  higher 
and  more  distinguished  place  in  our  poetical  literature  than  he  can 
be  saiu  U>  have  atUiiuL'd.  His  Australia,  and  sevennl  of  his  lyrics, 
were  juvenile  pledges  of  future  excellence  which  maturity  can 
scarcely  ln'  said  to  have  fully  redeemed.' — Moir's  Poet.  Lit.  of  the 
PasI  Half-Century. 

Hervey,  Mrs.  Thomas  Kibble,  married  in  1843 
to  the  prcL-L'ding,  previon.sly  known  as  Miss  Eleonora 
Louisa  Montagu,  was  b.  in  ISI 1,  at  Liverpool,  and  is 
a  daughter  of  George  Conway  Montagu,  Esq.,  of  Lack- 
ham,  Wilts,  a  member  of  a  collateral  branch  of  the  family 
of  the  Dukes  of  Manchester.  Miss  Montagu  acquired 
celebrity  at  an  early  age  by  her  poetical  contributions  to 
the  Annuals  and  other  periodicals.  In  1839  she  pub.  The 
Landgrave,  a  Dramatic  Poem,  and  since  her  marriage  has 
given  to  the  world — Margaret  Russell,  an  Autobiography, 
1849,  fp.  Svo;  The  Double  Claim,  1849,  sq.,  1853 ;  The 
Pathway  of  the  Fawn,  1S51,  sq.,  1352;  (see  Athenseum, 
No.  1262;)  Juvenile  Calendar  and  Zodiac  of  Flowers; 
with  twelve  Illustrations  of  the  Month,  by  Richard  Doyle  ; 
new  ed.,  1855,  16mo. 

"  One  of  the  most  charming  gift-books  for  the  young  which  wo 
have  ever  met  with." — Non-cnnfirrmist. 

'*  Never  has  the  graceful  pencil  of  Mr.  Doyle  been  more  grace- 
fully employed  than  in  sketehing  the  charming  illustrations  of 
this  charming  volume." — London  Sun. 

Heselrige,  Sir  Arthur,  M.P.,  d.  1660,  a  Parlia- 
mentary commander.  1.  Lett,  concerning  the  Revolt  and 
Recovery  of  Tinmuuth  Castle,  Lon.,  1648,  4to.  2.  Lett, 
to  W.  Leothal  concerning  a  great  Victory  obtained  by  the 
Parliament  Forces  in  Northumberland,  fol.,  1648. 

Uesketh,  Henry,  D.D.,  Rector  of  Charlewood,  Sur- 
rey.    Sernis.,  1678-99. 

Heskith,  Thomas.     Serms.,  1699-1703. 
Heskyns,    Thomas,   D.D.      The    Parliament    of 
Chryste,  &c.   against    M.  Juell   Brux,   1565,  fol. ;  Antw., 
1506,  fol.     This  answer  to  Juell  on  the  Eucharist  was 
replied  to  by  Dr.  Fulke. 

Heselden,  W.  S.  Sails  for  Windmills,  1807,  Svo. 
Heslop,  Luke,  D.D.,  Archdeacon  of  Bucks,  and 
Rector  of  Bothal,  Northumberland,  pub.  two  Serms.  and 
a  Charge,  1807,  Svo,  and  some  treatises  on  agriculture, 
&c.,  1798-1805.  See  Watt's  Bibl,  Brit.;  Donaldson's 
Agricult.  Biog. 

Hesse,  E.     Vocabulary  of  German,  Lon.,  1794, 12mo. 
Hesse,   Robert.      Exhortation   to  the  Sick,   Lon., 
1566,  8vo. 

Hessel,  John,  1814-1838,  a  Methodist  miniater. 
Memoirs  of,  from  his  Journal  and  Correspondence,  by  the 
Rev.  Joshua  Priestley,  Lou.,  1841,  12mo. 

Hessey,  James  Augustus,  D.C.L.,  Preacher  to 
the  Hon.  Society  of  Gray's  Inn.  and  Head-Master  of 
Merchant  Taylors'  School,  has  pub.  Schema  Rhetorica, 
Oxf.,  1845,  fob,  a  number  of  serms.,  Ac.  See  Darling's 
Cyc.  Bibl.,  vol.  i.  1453. 

Hester,  Johu,  Surgeon,  Loudon,  pub.  trans,  of  seve- 
ral medical  works.     See  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit. 

Hcth,  or  Hett,  Thonias,  Confutation  of  an  As- 
tronomical Discourse,  &c.,  Lou.,  Svo.  Written  in  answer 
to  John  Harvey. 

Hetheriugton,  William  M,,  D.D.,  minister  of 
Free  St.  Paul's  Church,  Edinburgh,  formerly  minister  of 
Torphichen.  1.  Twelve  Dramatic  Sketches,  p.  Svo. :  see 
Blackwood's  Mag.,  xxx.  250.  2.  Roman  History;  re- 
printed from  the  7th  ed.  Encyc.  Brit.,  1839,  r-  12mo  ; 
with  Topography  and  Statistics  of  Modern  Rome,  by  Rev. 
J.  Taylor.  New  ed.,  1852,  12mo.  Highly  commended. 
3.  The  Fulness  of  Time,  Svo. 

"Mr.  Jletherington's  very  original  and  able  treatise  on  the 
Fulness  of  Time." — Soidhey's  Doctor. 

"The  learned,  argumentative,  and  eloquent  work  of  the  Rev. 
W.  M.  lletheriugton  on  the  Fulness  of  Time." — Da.  Duff:  ort 
India. 

See  also  The  Christian  Instructor,  Presbyterian  Review, 
Evangelical  Mag. 

4.  Hist,  of  the  Church  of  Scotland.  1841,  Svo;  3d  ed. 
(1843,  Svo)  carries  the  history  to  the  period  of  the  dis- 
ruption, 1843;  people's  ed.,  1848,  r.  Svo.  New  ed.,  1853, 
2  vols.  8vo.  See  Bickersteth's  C.  S.  5.  Hist,  of  the 
Westminster  Assembly  of  Divines,  1843,  fp.  Svo.  Sea 
Bickersteth,  K&i' s»7>ra.  6.  The  Minister's  Family;  new 
ed.,  1847,  l2mo;  5th  ed.,  1851,  12mo.  Highly  commended 
by  the  Christian  Ladies'  Magazine,  Edin.  Advertiser,  The 
Christian  Instructor,  Presbyterian  Review. 

We  should  not  forget  to  acknowledge  our  obligations  to 
Dr.  Hctherington  for  his  memoir  of  Wilson,  the  ornitho- 
logist, in  Constable's  Miscellany;  see  Blackwood's  Mag., 
XX.V.  250. 

Hctley,  Sir  Thomas,  Serjcant-at-Law.  Reports  in 
Common   Pleas,  3  Car.   L-8  Car.  L,  1627-32,  Lon.,  1657, 


IIET 


fol.  See  Marvin's  Leg.  Bibl.,  384,  and  authorities  there 
cited;  Wallace's  Reporters,  3d  ed.,  1855,  196-197. 

"  Sir  Thomas  Uetley's  Reports  are  profitable  for  reading,  he 
being  one  set  apart  for  that  purpose." 

Hett,  Thomas.     Seo  IIeth. 

Hett,  Wm.     Serms.,  &c.,  1793-1818. 

Heiide,  Lieut.  Wm.  A  Voyage  up  the  Persian 
Gulf,  and  a  Journey  from  India  to  England,  in  1817,  Lon., 
1819.  8vo. 

Heugh,  Hugh.  1.  Serm.,  1826,  Svo.  2.  State  of 
Religion  in  Geneva  and  Belgium,  1844,  12mo.  3.  Life 
and  Select  Works,  by  Macgill,  1850,  2  vols.  8vo;  2d  ed., 
1852,  2  vols.  sm.  8vo. 

Heurtley,  Charles,  Rector  of  Fenny-Compton,  War- 
wickshire, and  Honorary  Canon  of  Worcester  Cathedral. 

1.  Plain  Words  about  Prayer;  now  ed.,  1S35,  8vo,  pp.  52. 

2.  Serms.  before  the  Univ.  of  Oxford,  1836-37,  8vo,  1837. 

3.  Four  Serms.  on  Union,  1842,  Svo.  Reviewed  in  British 
Critic,  xxxi.  428.  4.  Eight  Serms.  on  Justification; 
Bampton  Lects.,  1845,  8vo,  1846.  5.  Parochial  Serms.:  1st 
Ser.,  1849,  1 2mo,  2d  ed.,  1851, 12mo  ;  2d  Ser.,  1850, 12mo ; 
3d  Ser.,  1852.  12mo. 

Hcwardine,  Wm.  Ililaria;  or,  the  Festive  Board, 
1798. 

UeAvat,  Peter,  one  of  the  ministers  of  Edinburgh. 
Three  E.\ceUent  Points  of  the  Christian  Doctrine,  Edin., 
1621.  4to. 

Hewatt,  Alexander,  D.D.  1.  Hist.  Acct.  of  the 
Rise  and  Progress  of  the  Colonies  of  S.  Carolina  and 
Georgia,  Lon.,  1779,  2  vols.  2.  Serms.,  Lon.,  1803-05, 
2  vols.  8vo. 

Hewerdine,  Francis.  Evil  Courses,  Lon.,  1707, 
12mo. 

Hewerdine,  Thomas,  Rector  of  Abington.  1.  In- 
fant Baptism,  Lon.,  1699,  8vo.  2.  Serm.,  1711,  8vo.  3. 
The  C.  Pr.ayer-Book  no  Mass-Book,  1718,  8vo. 

Hewes,  Kev.  F.  Trans,  of  the  Satires  of  A.  Per- 
sius  Flaccus,  1809,  8vo. 
Hewes,  Lewes.  Book  of  C.  Prayer,  1640,  4to. 
Hewetson,  Capt.  Wm.  B.,  R.A.  1.  The  Blind 
Boy  ;  a  Melu-Drama,  1808.  Svo.  2.  William  Tell  ;  from 
the  French  of  Florian,  1809,  12mo.  3.  The  Fallen  Minis- 
ter, and  other  Tales;  from  the  German  of  Spiess,  1809, 
2  vols.  12uio. 

Hewett,  Thomas.     Two  Serms.,  1816. 
Hewgill,  Edwin.     The  Field  Engineer;    from  the 
German  (4th  ed.)  of  Tielke,  Lon.,  1789,  2  vols.  8vo. 
Hewit,  Alexander,  D.D.     See  Hewatt. 
Hewit,   S.  A.      New  Work  of   Animals  ;   with  100 
Plates,  Lon.,  1812,  4to,  £6  6». 

Hewitson,  Wm.  C.  1.  British  Oology.  1837,  2  vols, 
r.  Svo;  1846,  2  vols.  r.  Svo.  Supp.,  r.  Svo.  See  Edin.  Rev., 
April,  1843,  472.  2.  Illustrations  of  the  Eggs  of  British 
Birds,  2  vols.  Svo.  New  ed.,  1853,  &c.  This  work  com- 
prises a  new  ed.  of  the  British  Oology,  with  the  Supp. 
3.  Illustrations  of  Exotic  Butterflies,  1852-54,  Ac. 

Hewitt,  J.  1.  A  Guide  for  Constables,  Birming., 
1779,  Svo.  2.  Memoirs  of  Lady  Wilbrihammon,  alias 
Mollineux,  alias  Irving,  an  Impostress,  4to. 
Hewitt,  John.  Serms.,  Lon.,  1655,  Svo. 
Hewitt,  John.  1.  The  Fair  Rivals;  a  Trag.,  1729, 
Svo.  2.  Fatal  Falsehood  ;  a  Trag.,  1734,  Svo.  3.  A  Tutor 
for  the  Bcaus;  a  Com.,  1737,  Svo.     See  E-iog.  Dramat. 

Hewitt,  John.  Treatise  upon  Money,  Coins,  and 
Exchanges,  Lon.,  1775,  Svo. 

Hewitt,  John.  1.  London  Tower;  its  History,  Armo- 
ries, and  Antiquities,  Lon.,  1841,  12mo.  2.  A  Chart  of 
Ancient  Armour,  11th  to  17th  Cent.,  1847;  in  a  large 
sheet. 

"  A  graphic  outline  of  the  subject  of  milifai?  costume  during 
the  period  of  the  greatest  interest  to  the  English  Antiquary." — 
Lon.  Archcetil^f/ical  Jour. 

"  A  very  useful  and  excellent  device  for  showing  at  one  view 
the  variety  of  fashion  in  the  formation  of  armour  from  the  11th 
to  the  17th  centuries." — Lrm.  Literary  Gazette. 

3.  Ancient  Armour  and  Weapons  in  Europe  to  end  of 
13th  Cent.,  1855,  8vo. 

Hewitt,  Mrs.  Mary  Elizabeth,  formerly  Miss 
Jane  L.  Moore,  a  native  of  Maiden,  Massachusetts, 
removed,  about  two  years  after  her  marriage  to  Mr.  Hewitt, 
to  New  York,  where  she  has  since  resided.  Her  earlier 
poems  first  appeared  in  the  Knickerbocker  and  other 
periodicals  under  the  signature  of  "  lono."  In  1S45  she 
pub.  a  vol.  of  selections  from  her  contributions  to  maga- 
zines, under  the  title  of  Songs  of  our  Laud,  and  other 
Poems.  In  1850  she  edited  a  gift^book  called  The  Gem 
of  the  Western  World,  .and  The  Memorial,  a  tribute  to  the 
memory  of  Mrs.  Frances  S.  Osgood.     She  has  also  con- 


HEX 

tributed  a  number  of  talcs  and  sketches  to  the  Odd-Fel- 
lows' Ofi'ering,  The  Southern  Literary  Messenger,  Ac.  At 
present  she  is  engaged  upon  a  prose  volume  entitled  The 
Heroines  of  History.  Mrs.  Hewitt's  poetical  compositions 
have  elicited  warm  commendation  from  the  critics,  in  evi- 
dence of  which  we  must  refer  the  reader  to  Griswold's 
Female  Poets  of  America:  May's  American  Female  Poets; 
Hart's  Female  Prose  Writers  of  America ;  Mrs.  Hale's 
Woman's  Record ;  Poe's  Literati,  Ac. ;  Tuckerman's 
Sketch  of  American  Literature.  We  should  not  omit  to 
state  that  Mrs.  Hewitt  was  recently  married  to  Mr.  Steb- 
bins,  of  New  York.  Since  the  above  was  written,  the  vol. 
entitled  The  Heroines  of  History  has  made  its  appearance, 
(1S56.) 

Hewlett,  Ebenezer.     Miracles  Real  Evidences  of 
a  Divine  Revelation.  Lon.,  1741,  Svo.     This  is  in  answer 
to  Chulib  and  Fleming. 
Hewlett,  Mrs.  Esther.     See  Copley. 
Hewlett,  J.  G.,  D.D.     1.  Thought  upon  Thought  for 
Young  Men.     New  ed.,  L851,  12mo. 

"  We  should  rejoice  to  find  it  in  the  hands  of  every  young  man 
in  the  empire." — Lou.  Christian  Examiner. 

2.  The  Oracles  Interpreted;  or.  Scripture DifBcnlties Ex- 
plained, 1852,  12mo.     3.  Facts  without  Fiction,  1854,  fp. 

Hewlett,  James  P.,  Chaplain  of  Magdalen  and  New 
Colleges,  .and  Curate  of  St.  Aldate's,  Oxford.  Serms. 
adapted  for  Parochial  and  Domestic  Use,  Lon.,  1821,  Svo. 
■'  We  cordially  recommend  these  sermons  as  evangelical,  judi- 
cious, simple,  and  perspicuous,  well  calculated  for  village  reading 
and  the  pui-poses  of  domestic  instruction."— ion.  Investigator. 

''There  is  perhaps  no  char.-icter  more  truly  valuable  and  respect- 
able than  that  of  a  laborious  and  faithful  Parish  Priest,  who,  by 
his  doctrine,  precept,  and  example.  '  allures  to  brighter  worlds  and 
leads  the  way.'  Such  was  Mr.  Hewlett.''— ion.  Evanijelical  ilagOr 
ziuf. 

Hewlett,  John,  Morning  Preacher  at  the  Foundlmg 
Hospital,  and  Rector  of  Hilgay,  pub.  a  number  of  occa- 
sional serms.,  educational  works,  Ac.  1.  Serms.,  Lon., 
1786-91,  2  vols.  Svo;  5th  and  last  ed.,  1825,  3  vols.  Svo. 

■'  His  sermons  are  composed  carefully ;  he  says  nothing  but  what 
merits  to  be  heard,  but  much,  very  much,  that  his  hearers  must 
be  anxious   to   treasure   up   for  their  own  sei-vice."- iWiPiJ,  by 
1  Oues'imits. 

1  2.  The  Holy  Bible,  with  the  Apocrypha  and  Notes,  1812, 
3  vols.  4to.  In  1816,  (5  vols.  8vo,)  an  ed.  of  the  Notes  was 
'  pub.  without  the  text,  entitled  Commentaries  and  Disqui- 
sitions on  the  Holy  Scriptures.  See  Home's  Bibl.  Bib.; 
Lowndes's  Brit.  Lib.,  126-127;  Brit.  Critic,  New  Ser.,  iii. 
pp.  339  ct  seq.  3.  Hist,  of  the  Jews,  1S13,  12mo.  4.  The 
Lord's  Supper,  1S15,  Svo.  Highly  commended  and  often 
reprinted. 

Hewlings,  A.  Lett,  to  the  Electors  of  Westminster, 
rel.  to  J.  Home  Tooke's  Calumnies,  1807,  Svo. 

Hewnden,  Anthony,  Surgeon.  Of  a  Tumour  on 
the  Neck,  cured;  Phil.  Tr.ans.,  1706. 

Hewson.  1.  A  Hymne  to  the  gentle  Craft;  or,  Hew- 
son's  Lamentation,  1659,  fol.  2.  Hewson  reduo'd ;  or,  the 
Shoemaker  rcturn'd  to  his  trade,  1661,  4to. 

Hewson,  Addinell,M.D.,  Surgeon  to  Wills  Hospital, 
Philadelphia.  Amer.  ed.  of  Dr.  W.  M.ackenzie's  Practical 
Treatise  on  Diseases  and  Injuries  of  the  Eye,  Phila.,  1855, 
Svo,  pp.  1 028,  with  Plates  and  Cuts.  From  the  4th  enlarged 
and  revised  Lon.  ed.,  1854,  2  vols.  Svo.  The  value  of  this 
great  work  is  well  known  to  the  profession. 

Hewson,  Thomas  T.,  M.D.,  177.3-1848,  son  of  the 
following,  b.  in  London,  for  nearly  fifty  years  an  eminent 
physician  in  Philadelphia;  transl.ated  F.  Swediaur's  Treat, 
on  Syphilis,  Phila..  1815.  Svo.  See  obituary  notice  by 
Franklin  Bache.  M.D..  Phil.a.,  1850.  Svo. 

Hewson,  William,  M.D.,  1739-1774,  an  eminent 
anatomist,  a  native  of  Hexham,  died  in  consequence  of 
receiving  a  wound  whilst  dissecting  a  morbid  body.  1. 
Experimental  Inquiries  into  the  Properties  of  the  Blood; 
in  three  Parts:  1.  1771,  12mo:  (2d  ed.,  1772,  12mo;)  2. 
1774,  Svo;  3.  1776,  Svo.  See  Falconer.  Magnus.  His 
papers,  which  were  afterwards  collected,  were  pub.  in  the 
23d,  24th,  25th,  and  28th  vols,  of  PhU.  Trans.,  1768-73. 
He  also  contrib.  to  Med.  Obs.  and  Inq.,  1767 ;  Med.  Com., 
1775. 
Hewytt,  John,  D.D.,  Minister  of  St.-6regory's-near- 
1  St.-P.aurs,  London,  beheaded  on  Tower  Hill,  1658,  for  a 
political  conspiracy.  1.  Nine  Select  Serms.,  Lon.,  1658, 
sm.  Svo.  2.  Repentance  and  Conversion  the  Fabrick  of 
Salvation,  Ac. ;  being  several  Serms.,  1658,  Svo. 

Hexham,  Henry.  1.  A  Tongue  Combat  betweene 
two  English  Souldiers,  Lon.,  1623,  4to. 

"In  this  singular  work  will  be  found  many  phrases  current 
among  the  common   people  at   the   commencement  of  the  17tll 

"  2."s^ege  of  the  Busse,  Ac,  Delph.,  1630, 12mo.     3.  Tak- 


837 


HEY 

ing  in  of  Veulo,  Ac,  1633,  4to.  4.  Priuciijles  of  the  Art 
Military,  1637,  fol.;  Lon..  1640,  fol. ;  Delf  and  Rotten!., 
1642,  fol.  5.  English  and  Netheriluytch  Dictionary,  Rotter., 
1648,  4to.     Eiil.arged,  Ac.  by  Dan.  Manlcy,  1675,  '78,  4to. 

Hey,  J.  V.  D.  Observations  Politiques  et  Morales, 
E.'iperimentes  sur  les  Vrais  Principes  de  la  Finance,  Lou., 
1784,  8vo.  '  ' 

Hey,  John,  D.D.,  1734-1815,  educated  at  Catherine 
Hall,  Cambridge  ;  Fl-1Iow  of  Sidney  College,  1758  ;  became 
Rector  of  Passenham,  Northamptonshire,  and  Calverton, 
Buckinghamshire,  first  Norrisian  Professor  of  Divinity, 
1780-95.  Ho  pub.  a  Seatonian  Prize  Poem,  entitled  An 
Essay  on  Redemption,  1763,  4to,  Serms..  1773-1S15,  and 
the  following  works,  by  which  he  is  best  known  :  1.  Lects. 
in  Divinity  delivered  in  the  Univ.  of  Cambridge,  Camb., 
1796,  4  vols.  8vo ;  2d  ed.,  1822,  4  vols.  8vo;  3d  ed.,  edited 
by  Turton,  1841,  2  vols.  Svo. 

'•  Cannot  be  sufliinently  admired  for  the  various  and  extended 
learning,  the  profouud  thouRht,  the  copious  and  correct  diction, 
the  calm  discussion,  for  which  they  are  distinguished."— Bn( 
Oritic. 

"His  manner  struck  me  as  stiff  and  perplexed  at  first;  but  this 
wears  off  as  I  advance."— 6Vcfn's  Diary  of  a  Lover  of  Lilerature, 
1810,  199-206.    See  Home's  Bibl.  Bib. 

2.  Discourses  on  the  Malevolent  Sentiments.  Probably 
printed  1801,  Svo.  Pub.  1S15.  On  Hatred,  Envy,  Malice, 
and  Resentment. 

"It  is  entirely  the  result  of  a  calm  and  Christian  meditation, 
enriched  by  much  oViservation  of  human  nature  in  all  its  various 
workings,  and  aided  by  all  the  precision  of  mathematical  reasonine  " 
—Bntisli  Critic.  "' 

3.  General  Observations  on  the  Writings  of  St.  Paul, 
Buckingham,  1811,  Svo. 

"It  contains  many  pleasing  remarks  on  the  style  and  writings 
of  St.  Paul."- flbivu-'s  Bihl.  Bib. 

_  Bp.  Kaye  calls  Dr.  Hey  "  one  of  the  most  acute,  impar- 
tial, and  judicious  divines  of  modern  times." 

Hey,  John.  On  Zion's  Trumpet,  Ac,  1801,  Svo. 
Hey,  Richard,  LL.D.,  Barristor-at-law,  Fellow  of 
Sidney,  Sussex,  and  Magdalen  Colleges, Cambridge,  brother 
to  Dr.  .John  Hey,  preceding,  pub.  The  Captive  Monarch,  a 
Tragedy,  1794,  Svo,  Edington,  a  Novel,  1796,  2  vols.  12mo, 
and  some  political  and  other  treatises.  1.  Civil  Liberty 
and  the  Principles  of  Government,  Lon.,  1776,  Svo. 

"Mr.  Hey's  observations  are  generally  delivered  in  the  candid, 
liberal  style  of  a  geutleman,  and  many  of  them  deserve  particular 
attention."— «,c;rs  Bihl.  Amer.  Nnva,  i.  23.5. 

2.  Three  Disserts,  on  the  Pernicious  Effects  of  Gaming, 
Duelling,  and  on  Suicide,  1812,  Svo.      Pub.  separately, 
17S3.  '84, '85.     3.  Happiness  and   Rights;  in  answer  to 
Paine's  Rights  of  Man,  1792,  Svo.     Abridged,  1792,  12mo. 
"Mr.  Hey's  professed  object  is,  with  Mr.  Buike.  to  overturn  the 
doctrine  of  natural  lishts."— Robert  Hall,  who  reviews  this  work 
at  large:  see  Hall's  Works,  ed.  1863,  iii.  124-136. 
Hey,  W.     Parish  Registers,  1812. 
Hey,  William,  Surgeon  at  Leeds,  1736-1819,  pub. 
profess,  treatises,  1779-1S03,  and  Tracts  and  Essays,  Moral 
and  Theological,  1822,  Svo. 

"The  observations  of  a  clejir  and  vigorous  mind  on  various  im- 
portant topics."— BicJersfrf/i's  C.  .V. 

See  Life  of  Mr.  Hey,  by  John  Pearson,  1822.  Svo.  New 
ed.,  2  vols.  p.  Svo.  A  new  ed.  of  Hey's  Observations  on 
Surgery  has  been  pub.,  (1  vol.  8vo,)  and  a  collection  of  his 
Professional  Writings,  1  vol.  Svo. 

Hey,  William,  Jr.  A  Treatise  on  the  Puerperal 
Fever,  Lon.,  1815,  8vo. 

Hey,  Mrs.  William.     1.  Moral  of  Flowers;  new  ed., 
1849,  sq.  cr.  Svo. 
"  Full  of  exquisite  poetry."— SZncJioooifs  Mag. 
2.  Sylvan  Musings ;  or.  The  Spirit  of  the  Woods  ;  new 
ed.,  Lon.,  1849,  sq.  cr.  Svo. 

"The  two  elegant  volumes  with  which  Mrs.  William  Hey  has 
favoured  the  public  are  well  fitted  to  lend  grace  and  ornament  to 
that  which  is  solid  and  useful."- Xoa.  Medical  Gazelle. 
Heyden.     See  HEynoN. 

Heydou,  or  Heyden,  C,  Jr.  1.  Astrology  Familiar- 
ized, Lon.,  1786,  Svo.     2.  The  New  Astrology,  1786,  Svo. 

Heydoii,  or  Heyden,  Sir  Christopher.  1.  A  De- 
fence of  Judicial  Astrology ;  in  answer  to  Mr.  JohnChamber. 
Camb.,  1603,  4to. 

"  A  work  full  of  no  common  reading,  and  carried  on  with  no 
mean  argument." — Alheii.  Omn. 

Heydon's  work  was  answered  by  Bishop  Carleton  ;  and 
Chamber  wrote  a  rejoinder  to  Haydon,  but  did  not  live  to 
publish  it.  See  Carleton,  Gkoiige.D.D.;  Chamber,  John. 
2.  An  Astrological  Discourse  in  Justification  of  the 
Venty  of  Astrology,  Lon.,  1650,  Svo.  See  Athen.  O.xon. 
Heydon,  or  Heyden,  John,  M.D.,  pub.  a  number 
of  Rosicrucian  and  medical  works,  1647-65.  Sec  Lowndes's 
Bibl.  Man.,  92. 

^"^*'^,!?"'  •'"hn,  D.D.     Discourses,  1761,  2  vols.  4to. 


HEY 

Heylin,  or  Heylyn,  John,  D.D.,  d.  about  1760, 
sometimes  called  The  Mystic  Doctor,  was  Preb.  of 
AVestiuinster,  and  Rector  of  St.  Mary-le-Strand  1  Serm 
1720,  Svo.  2.  Serm.,  1728,  Svo.  3.  Theolog.  Lects  ,  with 
an  Interp.  of  the  N.  Test.,  1749-61,  2  vols.  4to.  The  first 
part  treats  of  the  four  Gospels ;  the  second  part,  of  the 
Epistles. 

"The  whole  contains  evident  marks  of  solid  judgment  criti.'d 
skiU,  and  considerable  learning."— ion.  Monlh.  Rev..  O.  .S..xxv.S3. 
__4.  XVIL  Discourses,  1770,  12mo.     6.  XL.  Discourses, 
li  93,  2  vols.  Svo.     See  Blackwood's  Mag.,  XXV   695 

Heylin,  or  Heylyn,  Peter,  D.D.,  1600-1662,  a  na- 
tive of  Burford,  Oxfordshire,  was  educated  at  Hart  Hall, 
and  elected  Fellow  of  Magdalen  College.  Oxford ;  Rector 
of  Hemmingford,  Huntingdonshire,  and  Preb.  of  Westmin- 
ster. Oct.  1631,  and  shortly  afterwards  Rector  of  Houghton; 
deprived-during  the  Rebellion,  but  reinstated  in  all  his 
ecclesiastical  honours  at  the  Restoration.  Heylin  pub.  at 
least  thirty-seven  works,— theological,  political,  educa- 
tional, historical,  Ac— the  most  of  which  are  now  almost 
entirely  forgotten.  Among  the  principal  are— 1.  Micro- 
cosmus;  or.  Description  of  the  World,  Oxon.,  1622,  4to ; 
7th  ed.,  improved,  Ac.  by  Edmund  Bohun,  1703,  fol.  2.  A 
Help  to  English  History,  Lon.,  1641,  4to.  First  pub.  under 
the  name  of  Rob.  Hall,  Gent.  After  several  eds.  had  ap- 
peared, it  was  pub.,  brought  down  to  1773,  by  P.  Wright, 
1773,  Svo.  3.  Hist,  of  the  Sabbath,  1636,  4to.  4.  Hist. 
of  Episcopie,  1642,  '57,  4to.  First  pub.  under  the  name 
of  Theop.  Churchman.  6.  Hist,  of  the  Reformation  of  the 
Church  of  Scotland,  1644,  '60,  fol. 

"  A  party  writer,  to  be  read  with  caution.  He  perverts  and  mis- 
represents."- i>tcA-tr.'ife(/i's  C.  S. 

6.  Cyprianus  Anglicus  ;  or.  The  Life  and  Death  of  Arch- 
bishop Laud,  1614,  '68,  '71,  fol.;  Dubl.,  1719,  fol.  7.  Re- 
lation of  Two  Journies,  the  one  into  France,  the  other  into 
some  of  the  adjacent  Islands,  Lon.,  1656,  4to.  8.  France 
painted  to  the  Life,  1657,  Svo.  Anon.  Falsely  attributed 
to  Heylin  :  see  Athen.  Oxon.  9.  Examen  Historicum,  1658, 
^9,  Svo.  This  is  an  attack  upon  histories  by  Thomas 
Fuller  and  Wm.  Sanderson  :  see  Fuller,  Thomas,  p.  644. 
10.  Discovery  and  Removal  of  the  Stumbling-BIock  of 
Disobedience  and  Rebellion,  cunningly  laid  down  in  the 
Subject's  Way  by  Calvin,  1658,  4to.  11.  Certamen  Epis- 
tolare,  1659,  Svo.  12.  Declaration  of  the  Judgment  of  the 
Western  Churches  in  five  Controverted  Points,  reproached 
in  these  late  times  by  the  name  of  Arminianism,  1060,  4to  ; 
1673,  Svo.  This  involved  the  author  in  a  controversy  with 
some  able  writers.  13.  Ecclesia  Restaurata;  or.  The  Hist, 
of  the  Reformation  of  the  Church  of  England,  1661,  '70,  '74, 
f<d.  New  ed.,  with  Life  of  the  Author  by  John  Barn'ardi 
D.D.  Edited  for  the  Eccles.  Hist.  Society  by  James  C. 
Robertson,  Camb.,  1819,  2  vols.  Svo.  14.  Aerius  Rodi- 
vivus  ;  or,  The  Hist,  of  the  Presbyterians  from  1536  to  1647. 
0.\f.,  1670,  fol.;  Lon.,  1672,  fol. 

1 ,"  P"*'"?,; '°  i'^  history  of  the  Puritans  and  the  Presbyterians, 
blackens  them  for  political  devils.  He  is  the  Spagnolet  of  history 
delighting  himself  with  honors  .at  which  the  painter  himself  must 
have  started.  He  tells  of  their  oppositions  to  monarchical  and 
episcopal  government,  their  innovations  in  the  church,  and  their 
embroilments  of  the  kingdom.  The  sword  rages  in  Iheir  hands- 
treason,  sacrilege,  plunder;  while  'more  of  the  blood  of  En.Hish- 
men  had  poured  like  water  within  the  space  of  four  years,  than 
had  been  shed  in  the  civil  wars  of  York  and  Lancas'ter  in  four 
centuries.    — Dis-raeli's  Curiosities  of  Lilerature. 

15.  The  'Voyage  of  France;'  or,  A  Complete  Journey 
through  France,  [in  1625,]  1673,  Svo,  1679. 

"This  volume,  however,  we  assure  our  readers,  is  of  a  most 
amusing  description,  and  indicative  of  great  reading  and  acquire- 
ments for  the  age  at  which  it  was  written.  It  is  full  of  the  effer- 
vescence  of  young  life  and  animal  spirits.  The  air  of  France  seems 
to  have  actually  converted  the  author  into  a  Frenchman  whose 
vivacity,  point,  and  hadiimge.  he  seems  to  have  imbibed.  The  very 
moment  he  touched  the  Gallic  soil  he  cast  away  his  canonicals 
and  became  the  most  facetious  and  joyous  of  good  fellows  the 
most  lively  of  tourists."— Lot.  Retrosp.  Rev.,  iii.  21-31,  1821. 

16.  Historical  and  Miscellaneous  Tracts;  collected  by 
the  Rev.  George  'i^ernon,  with  an  Account  of  the  Author's 
Life,  1681,  fol.  A  New  Life  of  Heylin,  by  his  son-in  law 
John  Barnard,  D.D.,  1682,  12mo.  See  Barnard,  John, 
p.  124;  and  for  a  particular  account  of  the  controversy 
between  Barnard  and  Vernon,  see  Disraeli's  Curiosities  of 
Literature,  article  The  Rival  Biographers  of  Heylin.  To 
these  Lives  of  Heylin,  Blount's  Censura  Celebriorum,  to 
Athen.  Oxon.,  and  to  Gent.  Mag.,  vol.  Ixxiv.  723,  we  refer 
the  reader  for  further  particulars  connected  with  our 
author  and  his  works. 

"  He  was  a  person  endowed  with  singular  gifts,  of  a  sharp  and 
pregnant  wit,  solid  and  clear  judgment.  In  his  younger  vears  he 
was  accounted  an  excellent  poet,  but  very  conceited  aiid  prag- 
matical; in  his  elder,  a  better  historian,  a  noted  preacher,  and  a 
ready  or  extemporanean  speaker." — Allien.  Oxon. 

As  a  politician,  he  had. 


HEY 


"According  to  the  currtmt  opinion  of  tlie  a^e  he  lived  in,  too 
high  notions  ot"  regal  power;  led  by  the  common  mistake  of  the 
term  supreme  magistrate,  and  not  rightly  distinguishing  between 
the  legislature  and  the  administration." — Swift. 

Heyne,  Benjamin,  M.D.     1.  Tracts,  Historical  and 
Statistical,  on  India,  an  Acct.  of  Sum.'itra,iic.,LoD,,1814,4to. 
"A  work  not  so  well  known  as  from  its  information,  particularly 
etatistical.  it  deserves  to  be." — SU:vcns<>ns  Vi't/nyes  and  Travels. 

2.  Con,  to  Trans.  Linn.  Soc,  and  Thorn.  Ann.  Philos., 
1313. 
Heynes,  John.    Scrm.,  Lon.,  1699,  4to. 
Heynes,  Matthew.     Serms.,  1701,  both  4to. 
Heynes,  Samuel.     Trigonometry,  Lon.,  1701,  8vo; 
1716,  12mo, 

Heyrick,  John,  liieut.,  R,A,,  d.  1787,  aged  35. 
First  Flights ;  pieces  in  Verse,  Lon.,  1797,  4to. 

Heyrick,  Samuel.     Visitation  Serm.,  1805,  8vo. 
Heyrick,  Thomas.  Miscellany  Poems,  Camb.,  1691, 
4to.     Bibl.  Anglo-Poet.,  370,  £1  5.». 

Heyrickc,  Uichartl.     Serms.,  1641,  '46. 
Heyricke,  Thomas.     Serms.,  1685,  '97. 
Heysham,  John,  M.D.,  of  Carlisle.     Profess,  trea-  ' 
Uses,  1776-82. 

Heythureu,  J.  Van.  The  Eciuity  Draftsman,  1817, 
8vo. 

Heyivard.  Answer  to  Doleman's  Conference  concern-  , 
ing  Succession,  1603,  4to. 

Hey  wood,  «r  IlayAVOod,  Mrs.  Eliza,  1693  ?-1756, 
daughter  of  a  London  tradesman  named  Fowler,  pub.  a 
number  of  loose  novels,  which  gave  her  a  place  in  the 
Dunciad.  llcr  late  publications  were  of  a  less  exception- 
able character.  Among  the  best-known  of  these  mis- 
chievous productions  are  The  Secret  History  of  the  pre- 
sent Intrigues  of  the  Court  of  Caramania,  2d  ed.,  Lon., 
1727,  8vo  ;  and  The  New  Utopia.  Her  latter  writings  are — 
1.  The  Female  Spectator,  4  vols,  2.  Epistles  for  the  La- 
dies, 2  vols.  3.  Fortunate  Foundling,  1  vol.  4.  Adven- 
tures of  Nature,  1  vol.  6.  History  of  Betty  Thoughtless, 
4  vols.  6.  Jenny  and  Jemmy  Jessamy,  3  vols,  7.  In- 
visible Spy,  2  vols.  8.  Husband  and  Wife,  2  vols.  9.  A 
Present  for  a  Servant  Maid,  pamphlet.  The  above  are  all 
12mo.  She  wrote  several  other  works,  and  some  plays. 
See  Biog.  Dramat. ;  The  Tatler,  with  Notes ;  Bowles's  ed. 
of  Pope  ;   Drake's  15ssays,  vol.  iv. 

Heywood,  Ellis,  d.  about  1672,  a  son  of  John  Hey- 
wood,  the  dramatic  poet,  {post,)  was  elected  Fellow  of  All- 
Souls  College  in  1547,  and  subsequently  became  a  Jesuit, 
and  died  at  Louvain.  He  wrote  a  book  in  Italian,  entitled 
II  More,  Florence,  1556,  8vo. 

"Contains  a  discourse,  fancied  to  be  in  the  house  of  Sir  Tho. 
More,  sometime  L.  Chan,  of  England,  and  in  consultation  with 
him." — Allien.  Oson.,  y.  r. 

Wood  thinks  that  he  wrote  some  other  works. 
Heywood,  James.  Serm.,  Lon.,  1756,  8vo. 
Heywood,  Jasper,  1535?-1598,  Fellow  of  Merton 
College,  a  son  of  John  Heywood,  the  dramatic  poet,  [post,) 
trans,  into  English  three  tragedies  of  Seneca, — Thyestes, 
1560,  12mo;  Tro.as,  1560,  16mo,  1581,  4to;  Hercules  Fu- 
rens,  1561,  '81,  4to, — and  various  Poems  and  Devices,  some 
of  which  are  printed  in  The  Paradise  of  Dainty  Devices, 
1573,  4to.  See  Bliss's  Wood's  Athen.  O.ion.  ;  Warton's 
Hist,  of  Eng.  Poet. ;   Chalmers's  Biog.  Diet. 

Heywood,  John,  d.  1565,  Court  Jester,  and  one  of 
the  earliest  dramatic  writers,  a  native  of  North  Mims, 
near  St.  Alban's,  educated  at  O.'iford,  w.as  a  great  favourite 
with  Henry  VIII.,  and  Queen  Mary,  his  successor,  on  ac- 
count of  "the  mirth  and  quickness  of  his  conceits."  On 
the  death  of  Mary,  fearing  that  his  principles  as  a  Roman 
Catholic  would  invite  persecution,  he  retired  to  Mechlin, 
in  Brabant,  where  he  resided  until  his  death.  A  collec- 
tion of  his  works  was  pub.  in  1562,  4to  ;  also  in  1556,  '66, 
'76,  '87,  98,  all  4to.  His  longest  production  is  a  poem 
entitled  The  Spider  and  the  Flie,  1656,  4to.  This  allego- 
rical work — containing  ninety-eight  chapters  in  the  octave 
stanza — is  intended  to  vindicate  the  Roman  Catholic  ad- 
ministration, of  which  the  author  was  an  admirer.  Queen 
Mary  is  represented  by  the  maid  with  her  broom,  (the  civil 
sword.)  executing  the  commands  of  her  master,  (Christ,) 
and  her  mistress,  (the  Church.)  The  Flies  are  the  Roman 
Catholics,  and  the  Spiders  are  the  Protestants.  The  au- 
thor has  not  made  his  illustrations  very  clear ;  for  Harrison 
declares 

•■  One  hath  made  a  booke  of  the  Spidee  and  the  Flie,  wherein 
he  dealeth  so  profoundlle,  and  beyond  all  measure  of  skill,  that 
neither  he  himselfe  that  made  it,  neither  anie  one  that  readeth  it, 
can  reach  unto  the  meaning  thereof." — Discriptimt  of  Britaine  ; 
prefixed  t^  llnlin^heiVs  Clironide. 

As  a  poet  Heywood  does  not  seem  to  have  been  more 
successful  than  as  a  theologian  : 


IIEY 

"Perhaps  there  never  was  so  dull,  so  tedious  and  trifling  an 
apologue:  without  ftincy,  int-auiug,  or  moral." — Warton's  Hist,  of 
Eng.  Fottry. 

This  vol.  is  very  rare,  and  has  been  sold  at  high  prices. 
Of  Heywood's  poetical  Dialogue,  coutaiuing  the  number 
in  effect  of  all  the  Proverbs  in  the  English  language, 
(1547,  Svo,)  and  his  three  quarto  pamphlets,  containing 
600  epigrams,  there  were  numerous  editions  before  the 
year  1598,  in  which  year  appeared  the  last  ed.  of  his 
Works,  4to.  None  of  his  dramatic  works,  which  are  six 
in  number,  extend  beyond  the  limits  of  an  interlude. 
Their  titles  are:  1.  A  Play  between  Juhan  the  husband, 
Tyb  the  wife,  and  Sir  Johan  the  priest,  159;^,  4to.  2.  A 
merry  Play  between  the  Pardoner  and  the  Friar,  the 
Curate  and  Neighbour  Prat,  1593,  4to.  3.  The  Phiy 
called  The  Four  P.  P. ;  a  newo  and  a  very  merry  Inter- 
lude of  a  Palmer,  a  Pardoner,  a  Potycary,  and  a  Pedlar, 
N.  D.  D.  C,  4to.  4.  A  Play  of  Genteelness  and  Nobility, 
N.  D.,  Int.,  4tu.  5.  A  Play  of  Love,  Int.,  1533,  4to.  6.  A 
Play  of  the  Weather,  Int.,  1553,  4to. 

For  particulars  respecting  Heywood  and  his  works,  see 
Bliss's  Wood's  Athen.  Oson. ;    Cibber's   Lives;  Phillips's 
Theat.  Poet.;    Biog.  Dramat.;   Ellis's   vSpecimens  ;    Cen- 
sura   Lit.,  vols,  iii.,  ix. ;    Brit.  Bibliog.,  vol.  iii.  ;    Dodd's 
I  Ch.  Hist.,  vol.  ii. ;    Warton's  Hist,  of  Eng.  Poet.;   Chal- 
mers's Biog.   Diet. ;     Lowndes's    Bibl.  Man. ;    Disraeli's 
Amenities  of  Lit. 
■      "  His  comedies,  most  of  which  appeared  before  the  year  1534, 
I  are  destitute  of  plot,  humour,  or  t-haracter,  and  give  us  no  very 
hit;h  opinion  of  the  festivity  of  this  agrt-eable  companion.     They 
consist  of  low  incident  and  the  languajie  of  ribaldry.    Hut  per- 
I  faction  must  not  be  expected  before  its  time.     He  is  called  our 
first  writer  of  comedies.     But  tbose  who  say  this  speak  without 
i  determinate  ideas,  and  confound  comedies  with  moralities  and 
[  interludes.     We  will  allow  tbut  he  is  amont;  the  first  of  our  dra- 
'  matists  who  drove  the  Bibl^from  the  stage  and  introduced  icpre- 
i  mentations  of  familiar  lify  and  popular  manners.  .  .  .  Wifi  Ejiiijrams, 
I  six  hundred  in  number,  are  probably  some  of  his  jokes  versitied, 
i  aud  perhaps  were  often  extemporaneous  sallies,  made  and  repeated 
j  in  company.     Wit  and  humour  are  ever  found  in  proportion  to  the 
proijress  of  politeness.      The  miseralile  drolleries  and  the   con- 
'  temptible  quibbles   with  which    these    little  pieces  are  pointed 
'  indicate  the  great  want  of  refinement,  not  only  in  the  composi- 
tion, but  in   the  conversation,  of  our  ancestors.  .  .  .  Another  of 
Heywood's  works  is  a  poem  in  long  verse,  entitled  A  Dialogue 
coiitayning  in  etfh-t  the  numh'-r  of  at  the  I'Roverbs  in  the  Efiglish 
tongue  coinjt'i.t  ill  <i  matd  r  cinncrmng  Iwo  marHages.  .  .  .  All  the 
proverbs  otth.*  Kn^ilish  bniLrnnyie  are  here  interwoven  into  a  very 
silly  comic  Uile."— U</W(>/;'.s  IFist.  of  Eng.  Poet. 

"  Of  John  Heywood,  the  favouiite  jester  of  Henry  the  Eighth 
and  his  daughter  Mary,  and  the  intimate  of  Sir  Thomas  More, 
whose  congenial  humour  may  have  mingled  with  his  own,  more 
table-talk  aud  promptness  at  reply  have  been  handed  down  to  us 
than  of  any  writer  of  the  times.  His  quips,  and  quirks,  and 
quibbles,  are  of  his  age,  but  his  copious  pleasantry  still  enlivens; 
these  smoothed  the  brow  of  Henry,  and  relaxed  the  rigid  muscles 
of  the  melancholy  Marv."' — Disradi's  Amaiities  of  Literal m-e. 

Heywood,  Nathaniel,  1633-1677.  Minister  at 
Ormskirk,  Lancashire,  brother  of  Oliver  Heywood,  and 
also  a  Non-conformist  divine.  Christ  Displayed  ;  being  a 
series  of  Serms.,  1679.  Pub.  by  Oliver  Heywood,  his 
brother,  who  also  wrote  his  Life.  See  Oliver  Heywood's 
Works,  ed.  1827,  vol.  i.  447. 

Heywooil,    Oliver,   1629-1702,  a    Non-conformist 
divine,  a  native  of  Bulton,  Lancashire,  admitted  of  Trin. 
Coll.,  Camb.,  1647;    minister  of  ILilifa.\,  1652;  deprived 
at  the   Restoration.     He  wrote  a  number  of  serms.,  &c. 
His  treatise  entitled  Life  in  God's  Favour  was  reprinted 
by  John  Fawcett,  D.D.,  who  also   wrote  a  Sketch  of  the 
author's    Life,  179S,  Svo.     His   Life,  by  Rev.  J.  Hunter, 
was  pub.  in  1S42,  '44,  Svo;    and  in  1827  (5  vols.  Svo)  ap- 
;  peared   (by  Vint)   his  Whole  Works   now  first   collected, 
j  revised  and  arranged  ;  including  some  tracts  exceedingly 
,  rare,  aud  others  from  unpublished  MSS. 
*       Contents  : — Heart  Treasure,  Sure    Mercies  of  David,- 
j  Closet-Prayer,  Intercession  of  Christ,  Life  in  God's  Fa- 
vour, Israel's  Lamentation,  Job's  Appeal,  Baptismal  Bonds, 
I  Family  Altar,  Best  Entail,  Heavenly  Converse,  New  Crea- 
:  ture,   The    Two    Worlds,  Meetness    for    Heaven,  Youth's 
j  Monitor,  Sermons,  &c. 

\  Vol.  i.  contains  Memoirs  of  Heywood,  by  the  Rev. 
I  Richard  Slate,  and  revised  by  the  editor  of  Mr.  Hey- 
'  wood's  works. 

I      "  Heywood's  works  are  yaluable  in  themselves,  and  are  strongly 
recommended  by  the  most  excellent  character  of  the  writer." — 
i    }Vtlliams's  C.  1\ 

Heywood,  Samuel,  Serjeant-at-Law.  1.  Laws  of 
County  Elections,  Lon.,  1790,  1818,  Svo.  2.  Law  of 
Borough  Elections,  1797,  Svo.  3.  Vindic.  of  Mr.  Fox's 
Hist,  of  James  IL,  ISIl,  4to. 

"  lie  [Serjeant  Heywood]  has  not  the  talent  of  saying  what  be 
has  to  say  quickly;  nor  is  he  aware  that  brevity  is  in  writing 

liat  chaiity  is  to  all  other  virtues.     Itit^hteousness  is  worth  no 


thiuu;  without  the  one.  nor  authorship  without  the  other.    But 
'839 


IIEY 


HIB 


Kilk-d  with  KindUL-ss!     PostTity  is  bound  to  take  i-are  that  a 
»^rit«r  loses  nothing  by  such  a  noble  modesty."— Cuaki^s  Lamb  : 

"A  production  which  abounds  with  good  scenes,  good  writine 
and  excellent  sentiment,  and  is  distinguished  by  pure,  gentle,  and 
attractive  characters.'— i?e(m</..  Bev..  obi  supra 

7.  The  Late  Lancashire  Witches;  a  Comedy,  1634  4to 
by  R.  Heywood  and  R.  Broome.  8.  The  Hierarchie  of 
the  Blessed  Angels;  their  Names,  Orders,  and  Offices:  the 
iall  of  Lucifer  with  his  Angells,  1635,  fol. 

"Ueywood  has  been  called  a  1-rose  Shakspeare  for  his  dramas. 
Which  are  indeed  touching  pictures  of  plain,  homely,  fireside  feel- 
ings, that  make  us  more  intimately  acquainted  with  the  life  and 
practical  morals  of  .jur  ancestors  than  the  more  Intellectual  produc- 
tions of  his  compeers  can  possibly  do.  I  am  afraid  his  Hierarchie 
of  Angels  will  scarce  entitle  him  to  be  called  a  Prose  .Milton-  yet  it 
IS  sufficiently  curious  to  merit  preservation  •■—Blackiu.  JIag. 

The  Hierarchie  of  the  Blessed  Angels  was  a  gie.at  fa- 
vourite of  Sir  Walter  Scott,  who  often  refers  to  it.  9.  A 
Challenge  for  Bcavtie;  a  Tragi-Comedy,  1636,  4to. 

"Full  of  action  and  interest,  and  possesses  a  gre.it  variety  of 
well-discriminated  characters.  .  .  .  There  is  great  vivacity  in  this 
perlormancc.  and  sometimes  considerable  smartness  of  repartee  " 
— Itctro.^p.  iiVc,  ubi  supra. 


confess  ourselves  quite  astonish.-d  at  the  number  and  extent  of 
these  inaccuracies."- Ret.  Stdset  Smitu  :  Edin.  Htv..  xviii  325- 
o4o. 

See  our  Life  of  Fox,  CH.inLES  James,  in  this  Dictionary. 
4.  Dis.sert.  upon  the  Distinctions  in  Society  and  Ranks 
of  the  People  under  the  Anglo-Saxon  Government,  1S18, 
8to.     See  Edin.  Rev.,  Iv.  309. 

Heywood,  Thomas,  an  actor,  dramatic  poet,  and 
prose  writer,  temp.  Elizabeth,  James  L,  and  Charles  I., 
was  a  native  of  Lincolnshire,  and  a  Fellow  of  Peter  House, 
Cambridge.  He  tells  us  that  there  were  no  less  than  220 
plays  in  which  he  had  "either  an  entire  hand,  or  at  the 
least  a  main  finger,"  (Pref.  to  the  English  Traveller;) 
but  of  this  large  number  only  23  have  come  down  to  us, 
and  of  these  The  Late  Lancashire  Witches  was  written 
In  conjunction  with  R.  Broome,  and  Fortune  by  Land 
and  Sea  in  conjunction  with  Wm.  Rowley,  For  a  list 
of  these  plays  and  his  other  works,  and  criticisms  upon  a 
number  of  them,  we  refer  the  reader  to  Langbaine's 
Dramat.  Poets;  Winstanley's  English  Poets;  Bioo-.  Dra- 
mat. ;  Warton's  Hist,  of  Eng.  Poet.;  Censura  Literaria, 
vol.  i. :  Brit.  Bibliographer,  vol.  i. ;  Restituta,  vol.  i.  p! 
240;  Ellis's  Specimens  of  Early  English  Poetry;  Lamb's 
Specimens  of  Eng.  Dramat.  Poets :  Hazlitfs  Lects.  on 
the  Dramatic  Lit.  of  the  Age  of  Elizabeth;  Collier's 
Hist,  of  Eng.  Poet.,  and  his  ed.  of  Heywood's  Dramat. 
Works,  pub.  by  the  Shakspeare  Society,  ISoO,  &c. ;  Schle- 
gel's  Lects.  on  the  Dramatic  Art  and  Lit.;  Lowndes's 
Bibl.  Wan.,  924-927;  Whipple's  Essays  and  Reviews 
Lon.  Retrosp.  Rev.,  1,'<23,  xi.  124-160 
Mag.,  iii.  141 ;  iv.  in,  668 

526;  lx.xiii.  220-225.  Among  the  best-known  of  his  pro- 
ductions are  the  following  r  1.  The  Rape  of  Luereoe  ;  a 
Tragedy,  160S,  4to;  4th  ed.,  1630,  4to;  5th  ed.,  1638,  4to 
"One_of  the  most  wild,  irregular,  and  unaccountable  produc- 
tions ot    his   age.     Amongst  the  most  extravagant  buffoonery 


Blackwood's 
xxir.  570;  Edin.  Rev.,  Ixiv. 


Mpra 
10.  Love's  Maistres, 
4to. 


weflnd  sparks  of  genius  which  would  do' hono~irr"'to  any  drami' 
tist.  —Lmi.  Ketnsp.  Rev.,  iiln  supra. 

2.  An  Apology  for  Actors,  1612,  4to.  This  is  one  of 
the  best  of  his  prose  pieces.  3.  A  Women  kilde  with 
Kindnesse;  a  Play,  Lon.,  1617,  4to. 

"  The  language  is  not  much  raised  above  that  of  comedy  but 

Z,^"")-  .■"*■  '""K^  '"'"  "f  S""''  ''""O"-'  ""J  'l^th,  in  that 
dramatic  category.  It  may  be  read  with  interest  and  approbation 
at  this  day.  being  quite  free  from  extravagance  either  in  manner 
or  language —the  besettings  in  of  our  earlier  dramatists.— and 
equally  so  from  buffoonery.  The  subject  resembles  that  of 
Kotzebue  s  dram.a,  The  Stranger,  but  is  managed  with  a  nobler 
tone  of  morality."— fliiWam-s  Lit.  Hist,  of  Eurnjif. 

"The  winding  up  of  this  play  is  rather  .awkwardly  managed 
and  the  moral  is,  according  to  established  usage,  equivocal  It 
required  only  Frankford's  reconcilistion  to  his  wife,  as  well  as  his 
forgiveness  of  her  for  the  highest  breach  of  matrimonial  duty  to 
7:fll "«?  '  ■■*  ^""■J?  ^  "'"^^  "'"■  Kindness  a  complete  counterikrt 
of  The  blranger.     Heywood,  however,  was  in  that  respect  but  half 

EU^ahelP"'  "•''"•'''"  ^  ^''^-  <"  "'"  Dramat.  Lit.  of  ttx  Age  of 
But  Sehlcgel  points  out  a  wide  disparity  between  the 
management  of  the  two  dramas  thus  compared:  see  his 
Lects.  on  the  Dramatic  Art  and  Lit. 

'■  Heywood  is  a  sort  of  prose  Shakspeare.  His  scenes  are  to  the 
Ml  as  natural  and  affecting.  But  we  miss  the  pot/,— that  which  in 
Shakspeare  always  appears  out  and  above  the  surface  of  the  nature 
Ueywood  s  characters  in  this  play,  for  instance,  his  country  gen- 
tleman, Ac  are  exactly  what  wo  .see.  but  of  the  best  kind  of  what 
we  see.  in  life.  Shakspeare  makes  us  believe,  while  we  are  among 
his  lovely  creations,  that  they  are  nothing  but  what  weare  fiimiliir 
with,  as  in  dreams  new  things  seem  old  :  but  we  awake,  and  sigh 
FtetZ"  ''''''^'■''"™'      Chaeles  Lamb:  Upecimcns  of  Eng.  Dramat. 

_    4.  Nine  Bookes  of  various  History  eoncerninge  Women  ■ 

inscribed  by  ye  names  of  ye  nine  Muses,  1624,  fol.     This 

IS  a  very  amusing  book,  and  exhibits  no  little  learning  upon 

the  stibject  discussed. 

^.  "  I,"  ."''''  singular  and  scarce  volume  occurs  a  double  version  of 

the  >..nignia  assigned  to  Cleobulus  of  Lindus,"    See  Urunck's  Ana- 

lecta, 

5.  England's  EHzabcth  ;  her  Life  and  Troubles  durin-' 
her  Minority,  from  the  Cradle  to  the  Crown,  1631,  12mo° 
1632,  '41,  12mo,  This  ed.  is  reprinted  in  the  Harleian 
Miscellany. 

6  The  English  Traveller;  a  Tragi-Comedy,  1633,  4to 
This  play  IS  written  in  verse,  and  with  that  ease  and  persni- 
cuity.  Seldom  rising  to  passion  or  figurative  poetry,  which  distin- 
guishes this  dramatist.  ...  The  underplot  of  this  play  is  largely 
borrowed  irom  the  Mostc.Ilaria  of  I'lautus,  and  is  diverting,  though 
somewhat  absurd."— a,H«m',!i,-(.//,rf.,/£„rf,pe 
hor,  •  "■'^!i''li''  '  preface  to  this  play  is  interesting,  as  it  shows  the 
neroic  indifference  about  the  opinion  of  posterity  which  some  of 
these  great  writers  seem  to  have  felt.  There  is  a  magnanimity  in 
authorship  as  m  every  thing  else.  His  ambition  seems  to  have 
840  pleasure  of  hearing  the  players  speak  his  hues 


.  or.  The  Queen's  Masque,  1636, 
11.  The  Royall  King  and  the  Loyall  Subject;  a  Trao-i- 
Comedy,  1637,  4to,  Beaumont's  Loyal  Subject  was  greaSy 
indebted  to  the  plot  of  this  piece:  see  Hallam's  Lit.  Hist 
of  Europe.  12.  The  Geuerall  History  of  Women,  1657J 
8vo.  A  number  of  Heywood's  pieces  have  been  repub.  in 
Dodsley's  and  other  Collections  ;  several  have  been  edited 
for  the  Shakspeare  Society  by  Barron  Field;  and  Mr. 
Collier  has  edited  Heywood's  Dramatic  Works  for  the 
same  association. 

"  Heywood  I  shall  mention  next,  as  a  direct  contrast  to  Marlowe 
m  every  thing  but  the  smoothness  of  his  verse.  As  Marlowe's 
im-agination  glows  like  a  furn.ice.  Hevwood's  is  a  gentle,  lambent 
flame,  that  purifies  without  consuming.  His  manner  is  simplicity 
Itself,  there  is  nothing  supernatural,  nothing  startling  or  terrific. 
He  makes  use  of  the  commonest  circumstances  of  every-day  life, 
and  of  the  ea,sieBt  tempers,  to  show  the  workings,  or  rather  the 
meflicacy,  of  the  passion.s,— the  vis  inertis  of  tragedy."— Hazuit. 
"Heywood  seldom  rises  to  much  vigour  of  poetry;  but  his  dva- 
matic  invention  is  ready,  his  stvle  is  easv,  his  characters  do  not 
transgress  the  boundaries  of  nature,  and  it  is  not  surprising  that 
he  was  popular  in  his  age."— i/uJtam  s  L,l.  Hist,  of  Europe. 

"  Heywood's  best  comedies  are  distinguished  by  a  peculiar  air, 
a  superior  manner ;  his  gentlemen  are  the  most  refined  in  their 
nice  sense  of  the  true  and  beautiful,  their  fine  moral  perception 
and  finished  in  the  most  scrupulous  attention  to  polite  mauners; 
most  exact  in  the  observances  of  decorum  without  appearing  ri- 
gorously precise,  ductile  as  fused  gold  to  that  which  is  good,  and 
utimalleable  to  that  which  is  evil;  men,  in  short,  'of  most  erected 
spiiits.'" — Rdrosp.  Rev.,  uhi  supra. 

Iliam,  otherwise  called  Abiczer,  Coppe,  which  is 
believed  to  have  been  his  true  name,  1619-1072,  pub.  some 
theolog.  treatises  noticed  on  p.  429. 

Hibbard,  Freeborn  Garrettson,  a  minister  of  the 
M.E.  Church,  b.  1811,  in  N,  RochellcN.Y.  1.  Christian  Bap- 
tism, in  2  pts.,  N.Y„  12mo.  2,  Palestine:  its  Geog.  and  Hist., 
Svo.     3.  The  Psalms,  chronologically  .arranged,  1856,  8vo. 

Hibberd,  Shirley.  1.  Summer  Songs,  Lon.,  1851, 
12mo.  2.  Brambles  and  Bay-Leaves:  Essays  on  the  Homely 
and  Beautiful,  1855,  fp.  3.  The  Town  Garden.  1855,  ISmo. 
4.  Rustic  Adornments  for  Homes  of  Taste,  1856,  12mo  ;  2d 
ed,,  1857,  8vo,  5,  Epitome  of  the  War,  from  its  Outbreak 
to  its  Close.  1856,  12mo.  6.  Fresh-Water  Aquaria,  1856, 
12mo.  7.  Marine  Aquarium,  1856.  12mo.  8.  Book  of  the 
Water-Cabinet,  1856,  12mo.  9.  Aquarium  and  Water-Ca- 
binet. 1856,  12mo.     10.  Garden  Favourites,  1858,  8vo. 

Hibbert,  George,  M.P.,  Speeches  in  H.  of  C.  on  the 
Abolition  of  the  Slave  Trade,  1807,  Svo, 

Hibbert,  Henry.     1.  Two  Serms.,  Lon.,  1624,  4to. 

2.  Serm.,  1661,  4to.  3.  Svstema  Theologicum,  or  a-Body 
of  Divinity,  and  12  Serms.,  1662,  fol.  Hibbert's  sale 
3957,  £3  19». 

Hibbert,  Samuel,  M.D.,  of  Manchester,  Secretary 
to  the  Society  of  Scottish  Antiqu.aries.  1.  Descrip.  of  the 
Shetland  Islands,  Edin.,  1822,  4to. 

"The  information  is  valuable:  some  of  it  new;  but  not  suffi- 
ciently select  or  condensed."— Stei'Miscm's  Voyaqts  and  Travels  See 
Blackwood's  Mag.,  ii.  3S0. 

2.  Hist,  of  Extinct  Volcanoes  on  the  Lower  Rhine,  Svo. 

3.  Hist,  of  Foundations  of  Manchester.  3  vols,  4  to  and  r. 
4to.  4.  Hist,  of  Manchester  Cathedral,  4to  and  r.  4to.  5. 
Sketches  of  the  Philosophy  of  Apparitions. 

"We  have  read  this  interesting  volume  with  much  pleasure 
The  account  of  the  opinions  formerly  entertained  of  the  origin, 
nature,  and  power  of  spirits  is  particularly  valuable."- Hejt 
minster  Review. 

"  Viewed  in  the  light  of  a  medical  guide.  It  cannot  fiiil  to  prova 
of  great  adrantage  as  well  to  the  protessional  student  as  to  tht 


HIC 


ireneral  reader.  We  are  now  reluctantly  compelled  to  leave  this 
amusin- and  most  instructive  volume;  but  we  cannot  permit  our- 
seWe  ™to  finish  onr  very  imperfect  review  of  it  without  recommeud- 
ng  to  ou,  readers  not  only  the  book  "^-If- »>"  ,■"<"»  rVrTceafl 
thl  principle  upon  which  it  is  written.-the  attempt  to  trace  aU 
spectral  illusions  to  their  physical  cause.  -Enlisl,  (  rnic. 

Also  hin-hly  commended  by  the  New  Monthly  Mag., 
Literary  Gazette;  Literary  Chronicle;  Scotsman ;  London 
Star.  An  interesting  notice  of  it  by  '•  Christopher  North 
will  be  found  in  Noctes  Ambrosianaj,  March.  Ib25  ;  and 
see  Dr.  Shelton  Mackenzie's  note  to  his  ed.  of  the  Noctes, 
N.York,  1S55,  vol.  ii.  66. 

Hichoeh,  Robert.  See  Hitchcock. 
HickeringiU,  Edmimd,  16;i0-1708,  educated  at 
Cambridge,  became  a  captain  in  the  army,  and,  in  lbb<!, 
Rector  of  All-Saints,  Colchester.  His  belligerent  spirit 
accompanied  liim  into  the  church,  to  which  he  gave  great 
offence  by  a  number  of  ••wild  and  scurrilous  attacks  on 
Priestcraft,  (1705,  4to,)  ic.  In  1707  he  pub.  a  collection 
of  Miscellaneous  Tracts,  Essays,  Satyrs,  Ac.  in  Prose. 
Lon  1707,  4to.  In  addition  to  his  occasional  serins,  and 
pamphlets,  he  put  forth,  in  1660,  4to,  Jamaica  Viewed; 
also  pub.  in  1661,  1705,  4to,  and  included  in  bis  collection 
of  Miscellaneous  Tracts.  The  writer  had  spent  some  time 
in  Jamaica.  In  1716  there  was  pub.  a  U  ed.  of  his  ^^  orks, 
Oxf.,  3  vols.  8vo.     The  editor  says: 

"The  greatest  writers  of  our  times  trembled  at  his  pan •.  and.  .as 
great  a  geuius  as  Sir  Roger  L'Estrange's  was,  il  submitted  to  his 
superior  wav  of  reasoning." 

But  Newcourt  treats  him  with  less  ceremony,  and  cha- 
raeterizes  bim  as 

-  An  impudent,  violent,  ignorant  fellow,  very  troublesome,  as 
far  as  ho  could,  to  his  right  reverend  .liocesan,  and  to  all  that  lived 
near  him.' — RfpcrtAjritiin. 

See  also  Athen.  O.'ion. ;  Malone's  Dryden. 
Hickes,  or  Hicks,  Gaspar.    4  Serms.,  Lon.,  1644- 
45.     See  Athen.  O-ton. 

Hickes,  George,  D.D.,  1642-1715,  a  native  of  News- 
ham,  Yorkshire,  entered  St.  John's  College,  Oxford,  1659 ; 
after  the  Restoration  removed  to  Magdalen  College, 
thence  to  Magdalen  Hall,  and  in  1664  was  chosen  Fellow 
of  Lincoln  College;  Rector  of  St.  Ebbe's  church,  Oxford, 
about  1675  ;  Vicarof  All-Hallows  Barking,  London,  1680; 
Dean  of  Worcester,  1683;  deprived  on  refusing  to  take 
the  oath  to  William  and  Mary,  1689;  consecrated  Bishop 
of  Tbetford  by  the  Nonjurors,  1694.  Dr.  Hickes  was  one 
of  the  most  profoundly-learned  men  of  his  time,  and  of 
inflexible  integrity  of  character.  He  pub.  many  contro- 
versial treati.ses  on  religion  and  politics,  and  some  other 
works,  (for  a  list  of  which  see  authorities  cited  below,)  the 
most  of  which  are  now  forgotten.  The  following  are  among 
the  principal  of  his  productions:— 1.  Jovian;  or,  an 
Answer  to  Johnson's  Julian  the  Apostate,  and  Passive 
Obedience  Defended,  1673,  '83,  8vo.     Anon.        _ 

"  Wherein  is  sliowid  that,  notwithstanding  this  lloctnne  of  ^  on- 
resistance  or  I'assive  Obcdii-iu-e.  we  are  secure  enough  of  our  lives, 
properties,  and  religion." — Chap.  xii. 

2.  The  Spirit  of  Enthusiasm  Exorcised  ;  or,  a  Sermon 

on  1  Cor.  xii.  4,  Lon.,  1681,  'S3,  4to  ;  4th  ed.,  with  addits., 

1709,  Svo.  ,,     „ 

"A  very  learned andimportant  discourse."— BisbopV AN  MrtDEBT. 

3.  Institutiones  Grammaticaj  Anglo-Saxonica;  et  Mieso- 
Gothica;,  a  G.  Hickesio,  Grammatica  Islandiea  Runolphi 
lonie.  Catalogus  Librorum  Septentrionalium.  Accedit 
Edvardi  Bernardi  Etymologium  Britannicum,  Oxon., 
1689,  4to.     A  very  valuable  work. 

"This  book  discovers  an  accuracy  in  this  language  beyond  the 
attainments  of  any  that  had  gone  before  him  in  that  study,  and 
will  be  of  most  nc-cessarv  use  to  such  as  shall  apply  themselves  to 
the  right  understanding  of  the  ancient  history  and  laws  of  this 
kingdom.  But.  as  all  first  draughts  of  any  sort  are  usually  im- 
perfect, so  there  seem  to  be  some  defects  in  it  that  might  h.ave 
been  supplied.  For  example ;  there  wanted  a  chapter  of  the 
variety  of  dialects,  which  might  have  been  bad  out  of  the  northern 
interlineary  versions  of  the  gospel,  mentioned  by  Dr.  Marshall; 
one  whereof  is  peremptorily  affirmed  to  have  belonged  to  St. 
Cuthbert,  as  the  other,  in  all  likelihood,  did  to  \  enerable  Bede. 
—Bishnp  Niuisoiii  Eng.  Hist.  Lib.     See  extract  continued  under 

4.  Linguarum  'Veterum  Septentrionalium  Thesaurum 
Gramm.ltico-Criticum  et  Arcbajologicum,  1703-05,  6 
Parts  fol. :  generally  bound  in  two  or  three  vols.  Pub.  at 
£3  3«. ;  large  paper,  £5  5s.  Large-p.aper  copies  of  this 
great  work  were  sold  at  £15  formerly,  but  can  now  be  had 
at  from  £5  to  £6.  Many  portions  of  the  work  are  taken 
from  original  Saxon  MSS.  now  lost. 

"  Dr  Hickes,  the  great  master  of  the  Northern  languages  m 
general  and  of  the  Anglc^faxon  in  particular,  accomplished  the 
most  arduous  task  in  compiling  and  publishing,  amidst  the  hard- 
ships of  di  privation  and  poverty,  his  lamed  Thesaurus  Linguarum 
Veterum  Septentrionalium."— Da.  Inok.\m.  ,.  ^  .      ., 

"  All  these  defects  [vick  ante]  are  now  amply  supplied  by  the 
great  author  in  his  Linguarum  Vet.    Septentrion.aUum  Thesaurus  I 


IIIC 

Grammatico-Criticuset  Archasologicus;  which  has  had  so  many 
just  praises  given  it,  at  home  and  abroad,  that  few  LnglisU 
readers  can  be  strangers  to  its  contents."-msaop  NlcOLSON  :  ubl 

'"^he  bishop,  referring  to  the  Anglo-Saxon  version  of 
Bede's  History  of  the  Anglo-Saxon  Church,  declares  that 
Dr.  Hickes  was  "of  all  men  now  living  the  best  able  to 
give  a  character  of  the  performance."— CTi'  stipra. 

5  Several  Letters  which  passed  between  Dr.  G.  Hickes 
and  a  Popish  Priest,  Lon.,  1705,  8vo  ;  3d  ed  1727,  Svo. 
6  A  Second  Collection  of  Letters  rel.  to  the  Ch.  of  hng. 
and  Ch.  of  Rome,  1710,  Svo,  between  Dr.  Hickes  and 
Lady  Carew.     The  two  collections  were  reprinted  in  171&, 

"For  a^  p.articular  defence  of  our  own  Reformers  against  the 
cavils  of  Romish  writers,  see  Abp.  Laud's  Conference  with  Fsher 
Leslie's  Case  stated  between  the  Ch  of  K"Bland  and  the  Ch^of 
Home,  and  Dr.  Ilickes's  Letters  to  a  Popish  I'riest.  In  these  will 
be  found  a  full  refutation  of  the  charges  brought  against  our  Re- 
former" and  a  complete  vindication  of  them  upon  'be  soundes^ 
principles  of  church-unity  and  church-authonty.  -BlsuOP  V.1S 

*"r  Two  Treatises  :  one  on  the  Christian  Priesthood,  the 
other  Of  the  Dignity  of  the  Episcopal  Order.  &c..  Ii07, 
'11  Svo;  3ded.,  withaddits.,  1711,  2  vols.  Svo;  4tb  ed  , 
O.xon.,  1847-48,  3  vols.  Svo.  In  Lib  of  Anglo-tath 
Thool.  8.  Serms.,  with  a  Pref.  by  N.  Spinckes,  1713, 
2  vols  8vo  9.  Devotions  in  the  Ancient  Way  of  Ofhces 
Reformed,  1717,  Svo.  New  ed.,  1846  fp.  Svo  The  ori- 
ginal of  this  was  by  John  Austin,  who  died  1669  :  (see  p.  83 
of  this  Dictionary.)  It  was  remodelled  by  Mrs.  S.  H.ipton, 
and  Dr.  Hickes  wrote  a  preface  for  the  work  thus  revised. 
10  Life  of  John  KettlowoU.  1718,  Svo.  11.  berms.,  Ii2t), 
Svo.  Posth.  See  Biog.  Brit.,  vol.  vii.,  Supp. ;  Burnet  s 
Own  Times;  Birch's  Life  of  TiUotson  ;  Letters  by  Emi- 
nent Persons,  1813,  3  vols.  Svo  ;  Jones's  Lilo  of  Bishop 
Home:  T.  B.  M.acaulay's  Hist,  of  Eng.,  vol.  in.,  ISob. 

"  A  few  other  nonjurors  ought  to  be  paKicularly  noticed.  High 
among  them  in  rank  was  George  Hickes  Dean  of  V\orcester  Of 
all  the  Knglishmen  of  his  time  he  was  the  most  versed  m  the  old 
Teutonic  lan-uages:  and  his  knowledge  of  the  early  Christian 
Sera ture  was'exteosive.  As  to  his  capacity  for  political  discus- 
sons.  it  may  be  sufficient  to  s.ay  that  bis  favouii  e  arguoient  lor 
p.assive  obedience  was  drawn  from  the  story  of  the  IheUin  legion. 
— T.  B.  M.4C.M.LAT  :  uM  SKj^ru.  . 

Hickes,  or  Hicks,  William,  1620-lbo9.  a  captain 
of  the  Train-Bands,  and  a  Fifth-Monarchy  man,  educated 
atWa.lham  College,  Oxford.  Revelation  Revealed;  being 
a  Practical  Exposition  of  the  Revelation  of  ht.  John,  Lon., 
1659,  '61,  fol.     See  Athen.  Oxon.  ^ 

Hickes,  or  Hicks,  William,  a  captain  apparently 
in  the  recruiting-service  during  the  Civil  War  (««/). 
Charles  L  1.  Oxford  Jests,  1669  ;  enlarged.  Il20,  12mo. 
This  is  called  the  first  Jest-Book  in  the  language.  2. 
Coffee-House  Jests;  3d  ed.,  16S4.  3.  Oxiord  Drollery; 
being  new  poems  and  songs,  1679.  Lloyd,  ±3  lOo.  *• 
Grammatical  Drollery;  consisting  of  Poems  and  bongs. 
This  is  ascribed  to  Hickes,  but  without  certainty.  Bibl. 
Anglo-Poet.,  £5  5s.  ,  ^ .,         .  .,    . 

"This  Ilicks,  who  was  a  sharking  and  indigent  fellow  while  he 
lived  in  Oxon..  and  a  great  pretender  to  the  art  of  d»"<^^'"B.  ("b'<;o 
he  forsooth  would  sometimes  teach.)  was  also  author  of  0!//cc- 
7/™.s-cJ,-i;te.  the  third  edition  of  which  came  out  in  ltjS4  and  oj^ 
other  trivial  matters  meerly  to  get  bread  and  make  the  pot  walk. 
— Atlieii.  Oxon. 

Honest  old  Anthony  seems  to  have  held  in  great  con- 
tempt those  whose  motto  is 

'•  Tenui  musam  meditamur  aveua"  ; —  ^ 

"  We  cultiv.ate  literature  upon  a  little  oatme.il :  — 
or  who  employed  their  pen  for  the  grovelling   purpose 
of  "  making  the  pot  walk." 
Hickes.     See  also  Hicks. 

Hickey,  Thomas.  Storia  della  Pittura  e  la  bcul- 
tura;  or,  a  History  of  Painting  and  Sculpture  from  the 
earliest  accounts,  Ital.  and  Eng.,  Caleulta,  1788,  4to 

Hickie,  Rev.  D.  B.,  LL.D.,  Head-Master  of  Arch- 
bishop Sandys's  Grammar-SchooI,  Hawksbead.  has  pub.  a 
Greek  Primer,  a  Latin  Grammar,  an  ed.  of  Xenophon  s 
Anabasis  and  the  Memorabilia  of  Socrates,  of  Longinus 
On  the  Sublime,  Select  Idylls  of  Theocritus,  Ac. 

Hickman,  Charles,  D.D.,  d.  1713.  a  native  of 
Northamptonshire,  student  of  Christ  Church,  Oxford, 
1667  ;  minister  of  St.  Ebbe's  Church,  Oxford  ;  Lecturer  of 
St.  James's,  Westminster,  1692  ;  subsequently  Rector  of 
Hogsnorton,Leicestershire;BishopofDerry,1702.  l.Serm. ; 
pub.  separately,  1680-95.  2.  Serms.  before  the  H.  of  Com- 
mons, 1690,  4to.  3.  Fourteen  Serms.,  1700,  Svo  ;  2d  ed., 
1706,  Svo;  3d  ed.,  1718,  Svo.  4.  Twelve  Serms.  on  the 
Festivals  and  Fasts,  1713,  Svo  ;  2d  ed.,  1724,  Svo. 

"  Bn.  Hickman,  as  a  writer  of  sermons,  has  scarce  a  supenor, 
and  few  i-quals."- S^MUEl.  Clapuam.     See  Athen.  Oxon. 

Hickman,  Henry,  d.  at  Leyden,  1692,  a  Non-con- 


lire 

formist  divine    a  native  of  Worcestershire,  c.lueated  at ' 
Cambridge  Felluw  of  Magdalene  College,  Oxford,  was  de- 
pnved  at  the  Restoration,  and  became  preacher  to   the 
English  congregat.on  at  Leyden,  where  he  died.     He  nub    ' 
ZT^}  -^""'"versial  theological  treatises,  (1659-74,Mhe 
best  of  which  appeared  without  his  name  :-ApoloKia  pro 

Hick„r«n"'iv"/r''^">  Non-conformistis,  L,  1  64       ' 
Hickman,  William.     Rheumatism,  1816,  Svo. 

n^q^r'?^*'   I  Laurens  Perseus,  D.D.,  b.   Dec.  29. 

1/98,  at  Danbury,  Fairfield  county.  Conn.,  graduated  a 

?eld"p  'r'  '■''."•  "^™-^^''  '''  a  preach^rLy  the  Fair- 
fleld  East  Association,  1822  ;  Professor  of  Theology  in 
Western  Reserve  College,  Ohio,  1836-44;  removed  if  tl  e 
atter  year  to  the  Auburn  Theological  Seminary,  .and  in 
1802  aeeepted  the  Professorship  of  Mental  and  Moral 
Science  in  with  the  Vice-Presidency  of.  Union  College. 
1.  Rational  Psychology,  Auburn,  1848,  12mo.     2.  Mo?al 

logy,  1854,  12mo:  see  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  IxA.  265.     4    Ra 

tional  Cosmology ;  or.  The  Eternal  Principles  and  the  Ne- 

«    ce..sary  Laws  of  the  Universe,  1868,  8vo.     Dr.  Hickock  has 

Tn^l^r'^f '"°"-  r^"''""^"  addresses,  and  contributed 
a  number  of  papers  to  the  Bibliotheca  Sacra,  the  Eiblica 
Rep,«itory,  and  the  Christian  Spectator. 
H  c'.!"!""*^'  T''."'"'*^-.  Tbe  Voyage  and  Trauails  of 
^^\^Lo":'^i^^::''  ^'  «^^'  '^««-  ^rans.  trom 
l,"'"''""'  J"''"  Howard,  b.  at  Albanv,  New  York 
In  Hi^ll  T'l  '"'"■^"-\"f  "-e  Now  York  State  Librarj' 
An  Hi.st,  1  i„al  Account  of  American  Coinage,  Albanv  1868 
Th^'  f^lu,  '';  'Tr-  2»»  -pies  printed  ;*l  »  la'i'papc  .' 
Ihe  student  of  American  history  will  find  this  beautiful 
volume  of  great  service  in  his  researches.  Mr.  Hiekox  has 
contributed  papers  to  various  periodicals. 

In?."?V^  "";  ''•  "^"'  "^"^  **'•  "  """^'^  of  J"icho, 
nf  pf;;    r     'n '^1        "?"■■*'  ^""'^  "  preacher  in  the  Society 

,1k  tf  "  '^".fT-  ■^",""'  '•''"''■'  >'™'-^  °f  l^i^  "if"  he  pro- 
mulgated some  theological  opinions  which  led  to  a  division 
ot  the  sect  of  which  ho  was  a  minister.  See-1.  Journal 
182s"  8  '  "f  fJi*^'™^  ^■■'''°"^'  l'''"'^-  '•  2-  His  Sermons 
in  is4    sL    ,^>f  ""i"?"'  ^''"'"'"  ""'">"  ''y  Blias  Hicks 

jH.^^VEii^r^ickt^irii"'f^::;;'':n'^- 

Serms.    of   Elias   Hick's,  by  a  Drmi- Quak°e'"l"26  ''8vo^ 

the  f^l  r'"'°?"ri"  °f  r  ^1''^"^  '»™'=''  by  a  meet  ng  of 
the  followers  of  Elias  Hicks:  being  a  statement  of  facts 
1897  7,  "  ""^'■■/eParation  from  the  Society  of  Friends 
1827,  12mo ;  7.  A  View  of  the  sentiments  of  Elias  Hicks 
respecting  uture  rewards  and  punishments,  1829,  12mo 
8.  The  Bible  Advocate;  or,  an  answer  to  Elias  Hieks's 
2d''?d  lS37'l'  "'"-^^A  by  George  Senneff,  a  mechanic 
^d  ed.,  1837,  12mo  ;  9.  Elins  Hicks  and  the  Hicksite 
Quakers :  an  art.  by  Rev.  G.  W.  Buri.ap  in  Chris.  E..am! 
L:h  ,1  .     ^}"''  ^"^'  P"b-  bis  opinions  on  a  mat 

::r^:nf^^ii:^r;;'^^\?ri"i'^^^'"^-'^-o''- 

tar^,^^^.,':^,-o!\"9,  l^i^if  ="'•  ^f  ^'-^-'^  C— - 

of^Von.e'ter  v*""'?'  *'^,'"'"^'  1566-1630,  a  native 
of  Woicestershire,   educated   at   St.  Mary  Hall,   Oxford 

Tet  uT'mI'I  f^""'°'  r-'-  '''  '^'^  -n.  Thomks  h!  ks! 
Hero'dtan.  """'  ^^^  '""''■  ''""'  Thucydides  and 

to^**'v*'''''o"';-.°''-P'"""^''°'^  Publication  relative 
to  the  Vaccine-Pock  Inoculation,  Lon.,  1803,  8vo 

Wicks,  Mrs.  Rebecca,  of  Viririnin  T  ti,oT„j 
Kille.  Pbila,  2.  The  Milliii'c,  and'tfo' Million^  ,  "^itl: 
S  cks'  T  a"  M-  /"'•;'  »i^™"=es,  Lon.,  1767  12mo 
h!^  '  M  ^'"»l'e:;i  Treatise,  ^"''■'  1'03,  Svo. 
r.,  ,  n,  '  T  Hy'^'^'S,  Thomas,  d.  1634,  Chaplain  of 
Christ  Church,  O.xford,  son  of  Francis  Hicks,  („,„.f^°o°e 
etb  ,  ,  ^""/'.»'  ™d  'be  Notes  and  Illustration  upon 
tho' ''6;it4L  "'  '""'  ''^  '"""^'^  '^-^-  "f  'bat  au- 
.mnn"','!,''''  bis  Kreat  skill  in  the  Oreek  tonsue,  he  was  esteemed 
MSoJ,n        "'""""''  "  '-'""^  P""'  ""'»  ■-"  e>'cellert  limne™- 

Lo'?*?^';  T'""T'^V    ^-  V!'"  '^'"'^"''  ^PPe''!  answered, 
Lon.,  16,4  bvo.     2.  Three  Dialogues  between  a  Christian 

Hicks,  William.     See  Hiokes. 
Hicks.     See  also  Hickes. 
Hide,  Edward.     See  Hvde. 

,b?*<j''^'  ''"!"',»'"''  f  ''""'••     ^  Con,,olatorie  Epistle  to 
568,1   Svo.""  "■''''  Catholickes,  Lov.,  by  Joh'n  iyol, 

H,w;;'°»'  *''^-^-     *^''""'''<'  Confessorum,  4to. 
llico%cr,  Harry,  (a  uom  deplume.)     1.  Stable-Talk 


HIG 


812 


n:^e"d':,'"i!;™'2Vo'i::f^o"'''^'^^ '"' '"""''  ^p"'--' 

'  than'^h'a7:'L'l';r;.t^ro'uX"?nl':.r;'Jre'  tT"  \  "-  be  Is  more 

:i?iv:n.^'^!^^;:f£SF^"?l^^^"io^ 

See  also  Bell's  Life  in  Loudon;  Lon.  Times;  Lon  Exa 
miner.  '  .^lia- 

uJt'Ju"  P'"^^','""'  'be  Stud;  or,  How  to  procure  and 
keep  Horses,  fp.  8vo. 

"few  books  are  so  sure  to  save  larce  amounts  of  £  s  rf  (n  )v„„ 
hIovV""'  thrfr  precepts  as  Th„  I'.k  ""and  the^liui*" f'b^,  » 
Uieover.  —Lon.  Quar.  Rn:.  March,  1S4Q 

fp  Sto"""  ^'"''  *'"'"  ^'''"'"'^'''  Purposes  and  Practical  Men, 

of';£;;'^'S:-^j:'?^^S^^-^^eve  i^r^.  .™^ 

-S."i\,;;;S.T,t  .^""^^"°'' '"  beguiling  an  Uo^VL""]!:^^', 
See  also  The  Britannia,  &.<•. 
4.  Hints  to  Horsemen,  1856. 
S^''i'"lJ^}'I'^'  "'e'"'er  gives  hints  to  horsemen,  he  does  not 
mean  by  that  term  riders  exclusively,  but  owners,  breeders  bnvers 
sellers,  and  admirers,  of  horses.    To  teach  such  men  how  to  make 
TJF-  '5  '"'■"•"""'  °°  "lueless  instruction  to  a  lar™  clafs  of 
mankind      The  advice  is  frankly  given,  and,  if  no  benefit  itsulL 
It  will  not  be^for  want  of  good  counsel."-i;a.  AlluZZi         ^ 
bee  also  Lon.  E.xpress,  Ac. 

Hieron,  Samuel,  1672-1617,  a  native  of  Eppin.., 

tt7^  !'.?"■?■  '^'  '^'°S's  College,  Cambridge,  was  prl- 

heb    nnn    "  \™.f  "f.^^I-'b-'y.  Devonshire,  which  he 

held  until  Ins  death.     He  was  zealously  opposed  to  Ro- 

naanism  and  considered  a  Puritan,  but  adhered  rigidly  to 

he  Church  of  England.     He  pub.  serms.,  a  poetical  an- 

6nL,°.  "  w  ";"'•  ^h"'"'  ""''  ■'■"•"''1   'beolog.  treatises, 

1      !>  :    .Y"^"''  ""^'  f°b     Keprinted,  with  an  addit 

vol.,  edited  by  Robt.  Hill,  with  a  Life  of  the  Author,  mO, 

2  vols.  fol.     Again,  1636,  2  vols.  fol.  ' 

"  A  good  old  writer.''— Brrfers(.«i's  C  S 
nf'n'^r "'?",'  *"?•"'  1"9-1'".  a  native  of  the  county 
rir  f  '"'  r^  "'^'  T'"*^  '"  ^""''"°  '°  "53,  and  for  the 
rest  of  his  life  was  a  hack  author.  1.  The  Ticklers ;  a  set 
ot  Periodical  Papers  pub.  in  Dublin  about  1760  i  The 
?"Tbl'w-'f"'''/"''i:"''''''''  ^""P"'  P"b-  in  London,  '1763. 
4  Tb»  p'  ,"'r  w"  *■:"?  ^'°P''';  ••'  Di-amatic  Poem  1761. 
vlt  ?  ''"^'"■""•''''-  "^  '^■■••'g-  f™™  tlje  French  of  La 
Harpe  Lon.,  1761,4to.  5.  Dramatic  Genius;  an  Essay 
in  6  Books,  1770.  6.  The  Philosophic  Whim,  or  Astro- 
nomy; a  Farce  1774  4,o.  7.  The  Heroine  of  the  Cave; 
a  Trag  775,  8vo.  See  Biog.  Dramat. ;  Davies's  Life  of 
Gamck   1.  247 ;  Ireland's  Life  of  Henderson,  61. 

Safi!^e^  f'^'i'  "'";"T:.-^-  '^^"^""  ^''"^y  O"  'be  tenth 
Satire  of  Juvenal,  1687,  4to.  2.  The  Wary  Widow,  or 
Sir  Noise  Parrot;  a  Comedv.  1698   4 to 

SO^nd^ql,"'  'l""",'"'''  "'■  «'"P'''  '"•  13C0,aged  between 
Cbe  ?..  •  Jl'^"''''"-'  '°e  "f  St.  Werberg's  Monastery  in 
Chester,  was    the    author  of  a    Latin    chronicle    entitled 

BrifonsTT^"-  "■■•  ""'"  P"^  'b-'^'  P"--'  '^bich  relates  to  the 
f;"'?°V  4  D?  ".'"""S  bis  Quiudecem  Scriptores,  Ac, 
Ti  I  -r  ■  Po'ycbi-onicon  was  trans,  into  English  by 
John  de  Trevisa  in  1387,  and  from  this  Caxton  made  a 
version  (adding  an  .Sth  book,  or  continuation  from  1387  to 
1460  and  printed  it  in  1482,  fol.  A  copy  was  sold  at 
Deaths  sale  (Pt.  2,  143)  for  £103  19s.     Rep  i^ntld  by  Wyn 

frfrv  r4« 'm'  "f  "''''^  """  -  Hy-"-  ■"  praise  of  IHs- 
trjry,  1495   fol.     Again,  by  Peter  Treveris,  1527,  fol      The 

Book'^coT"  °'  "'S"«°.'^  'li"d^-l  i"'o  sev'en  'books 
iiook  1  contains  a  description  of  countries  in  general  and 
especially  of  Britain;  books  ii.-vi.  give  us  a  Civd  I  r. 
tory  from  the  Creation  to  ,e.,p.  Edwafd  11^  The  Chester" 
Mysteries  exhibited  in  that  city  in  1328,  have  been  as 
cribed  to  Higden;  but  this  has  teen  stoul'ly  denied  Se^ 
Bishop  Nicolson's  Eng.  Hist.  Lib. ;  Dibdiii't  Typ.  Ant  q 

Eng  Po'et  B  ""■'K  '''";  ^P-™""""'  ^^-'™'^  ^^^ 
Kild'io.      i     n    »:  '^,'■'""1  '^  Lowndes's  Bibl.  Man.;  Brit. 

213  Sl^^'n  .  '^  xt'  Y-  ^'''-  "'■  ^"^"P"'  "'b  ed.,  1864,  i. 
m,  3t.  n.  Bp.  Nicolson  treats  Higden  with  little  resnect 
and  insists  upon  it  that  he  stole  his  Polychronicorfrom 
Roger  Cestrensis's  Polyeratica  Temporum ;  but  it  has  been 
charitably  surmised  that  they  both  stole  (or  borrowed  from 
the  same  quarter.  Their  works  are  rather  objects  of  cmU 
osity  than  standards  of  an  authoritative  ch,araefer 
the  P      ''^'  •?  P"b-  "  ''^'=™-  *e.,  1708,  '11,  a  View  of 

fen  ^"S;  C^^Wufon,  1700,  -09,  '16,  Ac,  Svo,  and  a  De- 
bT  ilkiab%y"ir'  '"'•  '™^  "^'''^  '"°  bist  were  answered 
1  w  f  V,  ^?^^°"^'  "'■'  "■"'ber,  by  George  Harbin  :  see  p. 
167  of  this  Dictionary.  ^ 

Higford,  William,  1580-1657.  The  Institution  of  a 
Gentleman ;  in  three  Parts,  Lon.,  1660,  12mo,  (166S,  8vo  1) 
bee  Athcn.  Oxou. ;  Ceus.  Litoruna,  ed.  1816,  vi.  323-329 


HIG 

"  I  can  scarcely  refer  to  any  volume  in  my  posppKsion  of  equal 
curiosity  with  this ;  as  it  is  an  original  woik.  and  the  earliest  I 
know  in  our  laiifAUajie  upon  the  character  and  amusements  of  an 
English  Gentleman.  "—J.  IIaslewood. 

Higges,  Joseph,  Guide  to  Justices,  Lon.,  1736,  '42, 
'61,  12mo. 

Higgeson.  See  Higginson,  Fhancis. 
Higgins,  Bryan,  M.D.,  Operator  to  the  Society  for 
Philos.  Experiments,  Ac,  pub.  Philos.  Essays  concerning 
Light,  1776,  Svo,  and  treatises  on  chemical  philosophy, 
Ac,  1780-1802. 
Higgiiis,  Francis.  Sevms.,  1705,  '06,  '07. 
Higgius,  Godfrey,  1771-1833,  of  SlieUow  Grange, 
near  Doncnster,  a  magistrate  for  the  West  Riding  of  Yorli- 
shire,  was  the  author  of  some  political  pamphlets,  Ac.  and 
the  following  works :— 1.  Hor»  Snbbatica«.  2.  The  Celtic 
Druids,  1827,  4to.  See  Lou.  Gent.  Mag.,  xcvii.,  ii.  151, 
347.  3.  IVIohammed;  or,  the  Illustrious,  1820,  Svo.  This 
was  reviewed  with  much  severity  by  Edward  Upham, 
author  of  The  History  of  Buddhism.  Mr.  Upham  says, 
"  I  know  it  to  be  full  of  errors."  (Gent.  Mag.,  Jan.  1S30, 
pp.  9-14.)  Mr.  Higgins  noticed  Upham's  letter  in  the  next 
No.  of  the  Magazine,  and  Mr.  Upham  continued  the  sub- 
ject iu  the  No.  for  March.  4.  An  Anacalypsis;  an  attempt 
to  draw  aside  the  Veil  of  the  Saitic  Isis,  or  An  Inquiry 
into  the  Origin  of  Languages,  Nations,  and  Religions, 
1836,  2  vols.  4to.  Pusth.  Privately  printed.  This  work 
had  been  announced  by  Rev.  Joseph  Hunter,  in  his  History 
of  South  Yorkshire,  before  Mr.  Higgins's  death. 

'■It  occasionally  happens  that  boolis  written  to  display  some 
peculiarity  of  system — or,  as  the  wicked  say,  crotchet — of  the  au- 
thor turn  out  "to  h.ave  a  value  of  their  owu,  from  the  very  great 
number  of  well-indexed  and  well-referenced  facts  which  they  con- 
tain. We  remember  being  much  struck  by  seeing  among  the 
books  of  reference  in  the  Museum  Keading-room  the  Anacalypsis 
of  Godfrey  Higgins.  Never  was  there  more  wildness  of  specula- 
tion than  in  this  attempt  to  lift  the  veil  of  Isis.  But  thousands 
of  statements,  cited  from  all  quarters,  and  very  well  indexed,  ap- 
parently brought  the  book  into  such  demand  as  made  it  conve- 
nient that  it  should  be  in  the  reading-room  itself." — Lon.  Atlie- 
nceuniy  Aug.  2,  1856.  p.  953;  Rnview  of  John  Wilson's  Lost  Solar 
Si/slein  of  the  Ancients  Discovered. 

Higgins,  Jesse,  of  Delaware.  A  Method  of  Drain- 
ing Ponds  iu  Level  Grounds ;  Trans.  Amer.  Soc,  vol.  iii. 
p.  325. 

Higgins,  or  Higins,  John,  an  English  schoolmaster 
and  divine  temp.  Elizabeth,  pub.  the  Flosculi  of  Terence, 
Holcot's  Dictionairc,  and  other  school-books,  some  contro- 
versial tracts,  and,  in  1687,  4to,  the  4th  ed.  of  The  Mirror 
for  Magistrates,  witli  addits.  of  his  own.  The  last-named 
work  has  already  come  under  our  notice:  see  Baldwin, 
William  ;  Blkner-Hasset,  Thomas  ;  Dorset,  Thomas 
Sackville,  Earl  of  and  Lord  Buukhlrst.  Respecting 
Higgins,  see  Athen.  Oxon. ;  Brydges's  Phillips's  Theat. 
Poet. ;  Cooper's  Muses'  Library,  p.  142  j  Warton's  Hist,  of 
Eng.  Poet. 

Higgins,  Tobias.  Serm.,  Lon.,  1641,  Svo. 
Higgins,  W.  Mullinger,  Lect.  on  Exper.  Philos.  at 
Guy's  Hospital.  1.  The  Mosaic  and  Mineral  Geologies 
illustrated  and  compared,  1833,  Svo.  2.  Handbook  of 
Natural  Philos.,  1837,  18mo.  3.  Philos.  of  Sound  and 
Hist,  of  Music,  1838,  fp.  Svo.  4.  Experimental  Philoso- 
pher, 183S,  lOmo  and  12mo.  6.  Handbook  of  the  Steam 
Engine,  1842,  18mo,  6.  Treatise  on  Algebra,  Svo,  7.  Trea- 
tise on  Light  and  Optical  Instruments,  Svo.  8.  Book  of 
Geology,  1842,  fp.  Svo.  9.  Entertaining  Philosopher,  Lon., 
1S44,  fp.  Svo. 

"  A  very  comprehensive,  useful,  and  instructive  volume,  in 
which  Mechanics,  Pneumatics,  Ueat,  Optics,  Klectricity,  &c.  are 
clearly  aud  pleasantly  explained." — Lon.  Literary  Gazette. 

10.  The  Earth :  its  Physical  Condition  and  Phenomena, 
1847,  '49,  '65,  12mo  and  sq.  11.  Researches  in  the  Solar 
System,  1852,  12mo.  See  Lon.  Athena;um,1862,pp.403-404. 
Higgins,  Wm.,  Prof,  of  Chemistry  and  Mineralogy 
at  the  Repository  of  the  Dublin  Society.  Chemical  trea- 
tises. 1789-1817. 

Higgins,  Win.  The  American;  a  Nov.,  1803,  '04, 
2  vols. 

Higgons,  Bevil,  1670-1736,  younger  son  of  Sir 
Thomas  IHggons,  was  educated  at  Oxford  and  Cambridge, 
and  subsequently  entered  the  Middle  Temple.  He  accom- 
panied James  II.  into  exile,  and  died  in  France.  1.  The 
Generous  Conqueror;  a  Trag.,  1702,  4to.  2.  A  Short 'View 
of  the  English  History,  1723,  '33,  Svo;  H.ague,  1727,  Svo. 
3.  Hist,  aud  Crit.  Remarks  on  Bp.  Burnet's  Hist,  of  his 
Own  Times,  1726,  '27,  Svo.  Nos.  2  and  3  were  reprinted 
in  1736,  2  vols.  Svo.  4.  Hist  of  the  Life  and  Reign  of 
Mary,  Queen  of  Scots,  Dubl.,  1763,  Svo.  Wood  enume- 
rates five  poems  by  Higgons  :  see  Athen.  Oxon. ;  Nichols's 
Poems. 


HIG 

Higgons,  Theophilus,  d.  1650,  a  divine  of  the  Ch. 
of  Eng.,  joined  the  Roman  Catholic  Cliurch,  but  subse- 
quently returned  to  the  Church  of  England.  Thoolog. 
treatises  and  serms.,  1609-24.  Sec  Bliss's  Wood's  Athen. 
O.xon. 

Higgons,  Sir  Thomas,  M.P.,  1624-1691,  a  native 
of  Wcstbrugh,  Shropshire,  was  educated  at  Oxford.  Fu- 
neral Oration  on  his  first  Lady,  (tho  Countess  of  Essex,) 
1666. 

"  As  this  pamphlet  is  extremely  rare,  I  conclude  that  the  copies 
of  it  were,  for  certain  reasons,  industriously  collected  and  de- 
stroyed :  though  few  pieces  of  this  kind  have  less  deserved  to 
perish."— Kev.  J.  Grangeb- 

Other  publications.  See  Bliss's  Wood's  Athen.  Oxon.; 
Nichols's  Poems. 

Higginson,  Francis,  d.  1630.  aged  42,  first  minister 
of  Salem,  Massachusetts,  educated  at  Emanuel  College, 
Cambridge,  was  for  some  time  minister  of  a  church  of  Lei- 
cester, England,  but,  becoming  a  Non-conformist,  was  ex- 
cluded from  his  pulpit.  He  lived  but  about  fourteen  months 
alter  his  arrival  in  America.  New  England's  Plantation ; 
or,  a  short  and  true  Description  of  the  Commodities  and 
Discommodities  of  the  Country,  Lon.,  1630,  4to;  3d  ed., 
with  Letter  of  Mr,  Graves,  in  same  year.  Mr.  Higginson 
left  a  MS.  account  of  his  voyage  to  America,  which  is  pre- 
served in  Hutchinson's  collection  of  papers.  See  Mag- 
nalia;  Collect.  Mass.  Hist.  Soc.,  i.  117-124;  vi.  231,  242- 
244;  ix.  23;  Allen's  Amer.  Biog.  Diet. 

Higginson,  Francis,  d.  1670?  aged  54,  son  of  the 
preceding,  went  to  Europe,  studied  at  Leyden,  and  becamo 
settled  as  a  minister  at  Kirby-Steven,  Westmoreland,  Eng- 
lancL  Ho  wrote  against  the  Quakers,  and  pub.  also  a 
Latin  theolog.  treatise.     See  preceding  article. 

Higginson,  John,  1616-1708,  son  of  the  first-named 
Francis  Higginson,  was  a  native  of  England,  and  accom- 
panied his  father  to  America  in  1629.  He  was  pastor  of 
the  church  in  S.alem  (formerly  under  charge  of  his  father) 
from  1660  to  1708,  and  at  the  time  of  his  death  had  been 
seventy-two  years  in  the  ministerial  office.  He  pub.  a 
number  of  serms.,  theolog,  treatises,  itc.,  1663-1708,  .and 
a  most  eloquent  attestation  to  Cotton  Mather's  Magnalia, 
which  is  thus  warmly  commended  by  one  of  the  most 
learned  students  of  American  letters : 

"John  Higginson  was  one  of  the  great  men  of  New  England, 
and  incomparably  the  best  writer,  native  or  foreign,  who  lived  in 
Ameri&a  during  the  first  hundred  years  of  her  colonization.  That 
portion  of  his  attestation  to  the  Magnalia  which  ti  eats  of  the  exodus 
of  the  Puritans  has  not  been  surpassed  in  strength  and  grandeur 
in  all  the  orations  ever  delivered  at  Plymouth  Rock,  those  of 
Webster  and  Everett  not  excepted."— Dr.  R.  W.  Griswold. 

See  Magnalia;  Collect,  Mass.  Hist.  Soc,  vi,  243,  244, 
269-294,  271,  272;  Rich's  Bil)l.  Amer.  Nova,  i,  14. 

Higgs,  Griffin,  or  Griffith,   1689-1659,  a  native  of 
Oxfordshire,  educated  at  St.  John's  College,  Oxford,  for 
twelve  years  chaplain  to  the  Queen  of  Bohemia,  became 
in  1638  Dean  of  Lichfield.      1.  Problemata   Theologica, 
Leyden,  1630,  4to.     2.  Miscellaneae  Theses  Theologicae, 
1630.     See  Athen.  Oxon. 
Higgs,  Joseph.     Medical  Essay,  Lon.,  1756,  Svo. 
Higham,  John.     Serms.,  Lon.,  1662,  '75. 
Highley,    Miss.      Galatea;    a    Pastoral    Romance. 
Friini  the  French  of  Florian,  Lon.,  1804,  Svo. 

Highmore,  Anthony,  Solicitor-at-Law,  pub.  several 

treatises   on   law,  Public   Charities  of   London,  Ac.     See 

Watt's  Bibl.  Brit. ;  McCuUoeh's  Lit.  of  Polit.  Econ.,  335. 

Highmore,  Joseph,  1692-1780,  an  eminent  painter, 

a  native  of  London,  was  a  writer  of  considerable  merit. 

1.  Crit.  Exam,  of  two  Pictures  by  Rubens,  Lon.,  1754,  4to. 

2.  Prao.  of  Perspective,  17G3,  4to.  3.  Observ.  on  DodwcU's 
Christianity  not  founded  on  Argument,  1765.  Anon.  4.  Es- 
says, Mor.al,  Religious,  and  Miscellaneous,  &c.  See  Lon. 
Gent.  Mag.,  vol.  1. 

Highmore,  Nathaniel,  M.D.,  1613-1684,  a  native 
of  Hampshire,  educated  at  Trinity  College,  Oxford.  1.  Cor- 
poris Humani  Disquisitio  Anatomica,  Hague,  1661,  fol, 
2.  Hist,  of  Generation,  Lon.,  1651,  Svo  and  12mo.  3.  E.x- 
ercitationes  dua; :  I.  De  Passione  Hysterica;  II.  De  Hy- 
pochondriaca  Alfectione,  Oxon.,  1660,  12mo;  Lon.,  1670, 
4to.  This  work  was  attacked  by  Dr.  Willis,  in  reply  to 
whom  Highmore  pub.  (4.)  Epistola  Responsoriaad  T.  Willis, 
&c.,  1670,  4to.  6.  Medical  Springs;  Phil.  Trans.,  1670. 
The  cavity  called  the  AiUrnin  Hii/hmuriaintm  in  the  supe- 
rior maxilla  takes  its  name  from  our  author. 

Highmore,  Nathaniel,  M.D.,  LL.D.,  Prof,  of  Law, 
Cambridge.  Jus  Ecclesiasticum  Anglicum  ;  or,  the  Govt, 
of  the  Ch.  of  Eng.  exemplified  and  illustrated,  Lon.,  1810, 
4to.  Dr.  H.  also  pub.  a  few  legal,  political,  and  medical 
tracts. 

843 


niL 


HIL 


Hilarius,  a  poet  who  flouripbcd  about  1125,  was  the 
nuthor  of  three  scriptural  dramas  and  several  minor  poems, 
au  account  of  which  will  be  found  in  Wright's  Bio;;.  Brit. 
Lit.,  Anglo-Norman  Period,  91-94.  See  also  Duchesne's 
ed.  of  the  Works  of  Abehird ;  Hilarii  Versua  et  Ludi.  Lu- 
tctiae  Parisiorum,  1838,  12mo,  edited  by  M,  Champollion- 
Figeac. 

Hilder,  Thomas.  Conjugal  Counsel,  Lon.,  1653, 8vo. 

Hildersham,  Arthur,  1563-1631,  a  Puritan  divine, 
a  native  of  Cambridgeshire,  educated  at  Christ's  College, 
Cambridge,  Fellow  of  Trinity  Hall,  15S6,  presented  by  tbe 
Earl  of  Huntingdon  in  1593  to  the  living  of  Ashby-de-la- 
Zouch,  in  Leicestershire,  which  he  retained  until  liis  death. 
Through  his  great-uncle,  Cardinal  Pole,  Mr.  Hildersham 
was  descended  from  the  royal  family  of  England  ;  but  what 
is  more  to  the  purpose  is  that  he  was  a  man  of  profound 
learning,  devoted  piety,  and  unwearied  zeal  in  the  propa- 
gation of  religious  truth.  1.  CVIIL  Lects.  upon  the  IV. 
of  St.  John,  Lon..  1629,  fol.  j  2d  ed.,  much  enlarged,  1632, 
foL;  1647,  fol.;   1656,  fol. 

"insfover  the  author  to  be  a  sound  divine,  an  admirable  text- 
uary,  a  profoundly-experienced  Christian,  and  an  excellent  teacher. 
These  discourses  are  more  concise  and  finished  than  those  on  the 
fifty-first  Psalm."— />/-.  E.  Williavis'ii  C.  P. 

"  Very  spiritual,  full,  and  evant;elieal."' — BidcersteilC r  C.  S. 

2.  Lects.  upon  Psalm  x.\.\iv.,  1632,  fol.  3.  Serms.,  1633, 
4to.  4.  CLIL  Lects.  upon  Psalm  li.,  1635,  fol.j  1642,  fol.; 
(1644,  fol.?} 

'•  A  rich  mine  of  practical  divinity." — Dr.  E.  Williams. 

5.  Paraphrase  upon  the  Canticles  of  Solomon,  1672,  Svo. 
Posth.  Extracted  from  the  author's  MS.  Paraphrase  of 
the  whole  Bible.  6.  Treatise  on  the  Lord's  Supper. 
7.  Treatise  of  the  Ministry  of  the  Ch.  of  Eng.,  with  on 
Answer  to  it  by  Fr.  Johnson,  4to.  See  Gondby's  Memoirs 
of  Uildersham,  Bingham,  1819,  8vo  ;  Clark's  Lives  ;  Neal's 
Puritans;  Nichols's  Leicestershire.  Dr.  Williams  valued 
Hildersham's  Expositions  of  Psalm  li.  and  St.  John  iv.  so 
highly  that  he  dechires  "he  cannot  be  sufficiently  com- 
mended," and  thinks  it  ample  praise  of  Samuel  Shaw  to 
admit  that 

"He  seems  to  have  caught  the  mantle  of  >rr.  Arthur  Hilder- 
sham, who  had  resided  before  him  at  the  same  place,  Ashby-de-la- 
Zouch." — Christian  Preac/ier. 

"  A  gre.at  and  shiiiin-;  Ij^ht  of  the  Puritan  party,  and  celebrated 
for  his  siii;:;ular  learninj;  and  pietv." — Eohard. 

Hildesley,  Mark,  D.D., "1698-1772,  educated  at,  and 
Fellow  of,  Trin.  Coll.,  Camb, ;  Vicar  of  Hitchin,  Hertford- 
shire, 1731:  Rector  of  Holwell,  Bedford,  1735;  Bishop  of 
Sodor  and  Man,  1755.  He  was  also  Master  of  Sherburn 
Hospital,  and  Preb.  of  Lincoln.  Bishop  Hildesley  was 
descended  from  the  royal  family  of  England  in  the  same 
lino  with  Rev.  Arthur  Hildersham,  and,  like  him,  was  noted 
for  his  piety  and  zeal.  It  was  under  his  auspices  that  the 
translation  of  the  Holy  Scriptures  into  the  Manks  lan- 
guage, begun  by  his  predecessor,  Bishop  Wilson,  was  car- 
ried to  completion.  He  also  pub.  the  Bonk  of  Common 
Prayer  and  other  works  in  the  same  language.  As  an 
author,  he  gave  nothing  to  the  wurld,  save  a  small  tract, 
pub.  anonymnusly,  entitled  Plain  Instructions  for  Young 
Persons  in  tlie  Principles  of  the  Christian  Religion,  in 
two  Parts,  1762-67.  See  the  Memoirs  of  Bishop  Hildes- 
ley, by  Rev.  Weeilen  Butler,  Sr.,  1799,  Svo. 

Hildeyard,  John.     Funeral  Serm..  Lon.,  1683.  4to. 

UiLditch,  Aiiu*  Rosa  de  Mont  Morien ;  a  Nov., 
17s'.i.  2  vuls. 

Ilildreth,  £ze1del,  1785-1856,  b.  in  Westford.  Mass., 
grad.  at  Harvard  Coll.  1814,  and  was  a  teacher  in  Ohio 
for  42  years.  Authur  i)f  (1)  Logopolis;  or,  City  (if  Words. 
2.  Key  to  Knowledge.  3.  Essay  on  the  Mortality  of  the 
Soul.     4.  Address  on  Eilucation,  &c. 

Ilildreth,  Ilosea,  1782-1835,  a  native  of  Chelms- 
ford, Mii.'-s..  graduated  at  Harvard  College,  1803,  was  for 
some  time  Professor  of  Mathematics  at  Phillips  Academy, 
Exeter,  and  for  eight  years  pastor  of  the  First  Church  in 
Gloucester,  Mass.     He  pub.  several  serms..  «tc. 

Ilildreth,  Kichard,  b.  June  23,  1807,  at  Deerfield, 
Massachusetts,  son  of  the  preceding,  graduated  at  Harvard 
College  in  1826,  was  admitted  to  the  Suflfolk  county  (Boston) 
Bar  in  1830,  and  commenced  the  practice  of  the  law  in 
Newburyport,  in  his  native  State.  From  July,  1832,  to 
October,  1834,  Mr.  Hildreth  was  co-editor  of  the  Boston 
Atlas,  a  daily  newspaper,  (of  which  he  was  also  a  joint 
founder,)  and  agaiu  co-editor  and  Washington  corre- 
spondent. May,  1S36,  to  November,  1839.  From  October, 
1834,  to  March,  1836,  he  resided  in  Florida,  with  a  view 
to  the  improvement  of  his  health,  and,  with  the  same  ob- 
ject, resided  from  September,  1S46,  to  Septembor,  1847,  in 
Demarara.  During  his  abode  in  the  latter  place  he  edited 
Buccessively  The  Ciuiana  Chronicle  and  The  Royal  Gazette, 


(tri-weekly  papers  devoted  to  the  support  of  the  policy  of 
the  British  Government  in  the  abolition  of  slavery,)  and 
edi"t«d,  with  an  historical  introduction,  a  compilation  of 
the  colonial  laws  of  British  Guiana.  In  addition  to  the 
works  about  to  be  noticed, — no  inconsiderable  evidence 
of  great  literary  activity. — Mr.  Hildreth  has  given  to  the 
world  a  number  of  pamphlets  and  miscellaneous  articles 
in  magazines  and  reviews,  and  edited  several  educational 
manuals  and  daily  journals.  He  devotes  his  leisure  mo- 
ments to  a  continuation  of  his  principal  work, — the  History 
of  the  United  States, — which  he  designs  to  bring  down  (in 
two  or  more  vols.)  to  the  end  of  the  administration  of 
President  Pierce. 

1.  The  Slave  ;  or,  Memoir  of  Archy  Moore,  1836,  2  vols. 
I2mo,  New  ed.,  with  a  continuation,  under  the  title  of 
The  White  Slave;  or.  Memoirs  of  a  Fugitive,  1852,  12mo. 
2.  Banks,  Banking,  and  Paper  Currencies,  1837,  12mo; 
enlarged  ed.,  1840,  12mo. 

"A  feeble  apolo'^y  for  the  worst  parts  of  the  American  banking 
system."— JA.C««oc/i' A-  Lit.  of  Polif.  Econ..  1S7. 

3.  Life  of  General  Wm.  Henry  Harrison,  1839,  18rao. 
As  editor  of  the  Boston  Atlas,  Mr.  H.  contributed  largely 
to  the  nomination  of  General  Harrison  for  the  Presidency 
of  the  XJ.  States.  4.  Beutham's  Theory  of  Legislation ; 
from  the  French  of  Dumont,  1840,  2  vols.  16mo.  5.  Des- 
potism in  America:  an  Inquiry  into  the  Nature,  Results, 
and  Legal  Basis  of  the  Slave-holding  System  of  the 
United  States,  1840;  enlarged  ed.,  1854.  'We  give  the 
title  of  the  last  ed.  This  work  is  to  be  followed  by  a 
sequel :  see  Lon.  Athenaeum,  1854,  p.  1089.  6.  Theory  of 
Morals,  1844.  12mo.  7.  Hist,  of  the  United  States  of 
America:  I.  From  the  Discovery  of  tbe  Continent  to  tbe  Or- 
ganization of  Gi>vernnient  under  the  Federal  Constitution, 
1497-1787.  3  vols.  Svo,  1849.  Revised  ed.,  1854,  3  vols. 
Svo.  II.  From  the  Adoption  of  the  Federal  Constitution 
to  the  end  of  the  16th  Congress,  178S-1821,  3  vols.  Svo, 
1852.     Revised  ed.,  1855,  3  vols.  Svo. 

In  the  advertisement  prefixed  to  the  first  vol.  of  his 
history,  Mr,  Hildreth  gives  his  reader  to  understand  that 
he  may  expect  to  find  a  plain  story  told  in  a  plain  way : 

"Of  rentennial  sermons  and  Fourth-of-July  orations,  whether 
professedly  such  or  in  the  guise  of  history,  there  are  more  than 
euout,^h.  It  is  due  to  our  fathers  and  ourselves,  it  is  due  to  truth 
and  philosophy,  to  present  for  once,  on  the  historic  stage,  the 
foundersof  our  American  nation  unbedaubed  with  patriotic  rouge, 
wrapped  up  in  no  fine-spun  clo.iks  of  excuses  and  apology,  without 
stilts,  husking,  tinsel,  or  hedizenment,  in  their  own  proper  pei^ 
sons,  often  rude,  hard,  narrow,  superstitious,  and  mistaken,  but 
always  earnest,  downright,  mauly,  and  sincere.  The  result  of 
their  laljours  is  eulogy  enough ;  their  best  apology  is  to  tell  their 
story  exactly  as  it  was." 

"  If  a  plain  and  well-written  narrative  of  public  events,  mostly 
in  the  ovderof  their  occurrence,  without  any  attempt  to  generalize 
them,  or  to  deduce  from  tbeiu  broader  lessons  of  experience,  is  all 
that  constitutes  a  good  history,  then  Mr.  llildreths  work  deserves 
its  name,  and  has  fair  claims  to  respectful  notice.  It  is  easy  to 
see.  however,  that  this  is  not  all,  and  that  history  written  on  such 
a  plan  must  needs  be  imperfect  and  unsatisfactory.  .  .  .  Nothing 
cau  be  more  cold  and  naked  than  his  recital  of  any  facts  which  are 
honourable  to  the  memory  of  the  first  settlers  of  New  England; 
if  they  do  not  occupy  a  very  prominent  place  on  the  common 
record  he  forgets  to  mention  them  at  all.  When  they  are  forced 
upon  his  notice  he  dismisses  them  as  rapidly  as  possible.  Ue  has 
not  a  word  of  praise  for  their  conscientiousness,  their  heroism,  or 
their  self-denial;  though  the  fii-st  alone  caused  them  to  emigrate, 
so  that  it  was  the  semiiial  principle  of  the  New  Kiigland  colonies, 
while  the  second  and  third  sust-;iined  their  settlements  through 
mauy  years  of  danger  and  privation." — Fkancis  Bowen  :  iV.  Amcr. 
i?ei'.,  IxxJii.  411—147  ;  review  of  vols,  i.-iv. 

"The  author's  style  is  bald  and  meagre  in  the  extreme;  and 
never  once  does  he  rise  into  any  thing  like  fervour  or  exhibit  the 
slightest  capability  of  the  graphic  and  picturesque.  But  the  story 
is  conscientiously — and.  as  far  as  details  go,  thoroughly — told.  .  .  . 
The  spirit  in  which  the  story  is  told  is  also  remarkably  fair.  Tho 
Puritans — •  often  rude,  bard,  narrow,  superstitious,  and  mistaken,' 
as  51r.  Ilildreth  thinks  them,  *  but  always  earnest,  downright, 
mauly,  and  sincere' — are  treated  with  evident  respect  and  liking; 
and  only  now  and  then,  when  in  duty  bound  as  a  modern  and  an 
American. — as  for  example,  in  behalf  of  representative  freedom, 
religious  toleration,  and  such  matters,— does  the  author  put  in 
any  protest  of  his  own." — Lon.  At/ieneeunif  1850,  pp.  13-15 ;  review 
of  vols,  i.-iii. 

Vols.  iv.  and  v.  are  reviewed  in  the  same  periodical  for 
Nov.  15,  1851,  pp.  1191-1193;  and  vol.  vi.  in  the  No.  for 
May  7,  1853.  The  reviewer,  referring  to  the  probability 
of  Mr.  Hildreth's  continuation  of  his  History,  trusts  that 
he  will  attend  to  the  hints  which  he  has  given  him,  and 
dismisses  the  subject  with  the  assurance  that 

"  It  would  be  agreeable  to  have  occasion  to  spe.^k  more  favour- 
ably than  WB  have  been  able  conscientiously  to  do  of  the  writings 
of  a  man  of  such  industry  and  talent  as  Mr.  Hildreth  undoubt- 
edly possesses." — p.  651,  uhi  supra. 

"In  this  instance  we  encounter  the  muse  of  American  history 
descended  from  her  stump,  and  recounting  her  narrative  in  a  k«y 
adapted  to  our  own  ears.  For  the  first  time,  we  believe,  we  have 
here  the  story  uf  the  founders  of  our  New  Duglaud  colonies  ro 


Hit 


HIL 


cordeil  in  an  ample  and  explicit  manner,  with  a  consistent  care  to 
exclude  tiTors  and  exaggerations.  .  .  ,  Animated  by  this  spirit, 
Mr.  Ilildreth  has  availed  himRelf,  though  hardly  to  the  utmost, 
of  his  peculiar  resources."— T/ie  Fathers  of  New  England:  Edin. 
licv.,  Oct.  1S55. 

**  We  are  confident  that,  when  the  merits  of  this  history  come  to 
be  known  and  appn-i-iated,  it  will  be  extensively  regarded  as  de- 
cidedly superior  to  any  thing  that  before  existed  on  American 
history,  and  as  a  valuable  contribution  to  American  authorship." 
• — Bibliotlteca  S'lcra. 

'•  Ills  wiirk  tills  a  want,  and  is  therefore  most  welcome.  Its 
positive  uu'iits,  in  addition  to  those  wo  have  before  mentioned, 
are  impurliality,  steadiness  of  view,  clear  appreciation  of  character, 
and,  in  point  of  style,  a  terseness  and  conciseness  not  unlike 
Tacitus;  with  not  a  little,  too.  of  Tacitean  vigour  of  tbou'^ht, 
stern  sense  of  justice,  sharp  irony,  and  profound  wisdom." — 
Mdhodist  Quar.  Rev. 

"Mr.  Ilildroth  is  ahold  and  copious  writei-.  Ilis  work  is  valuable 
for  the  iimuense  amount  of  material  it  embodies." — Dc  Bow's  Be- 
vieru  of  the  Southern  States. 

"The  spfcial  merit  of  his  work  consists  in  the  absence  of  what- 
ever can  possibly  he  deemed  either  irrelevant  or  ostentatious." — 
U.  T.  TucKERMAN  :  Sl.ftch  of  Anier.  Lit. 

See  also  Lon.  Literary  Gazette;  Lon.  Atlas;  Christian 
Register;  N.  York  Church  Review;  N.  York  Home  Jour- 
nal; Oakley's  ed.  of  Kent's  Course  of  ED{z;lish  Reading; 
Living  Age,  sxiii.  3Go-3tJ6 ;  sxix.  111-115;  xxxi.  134— 
136;  Revue  des  Deux  Mumles,  April  1,  ISiitJ;  E<:lin.  Rev., 
Oct.  1855.  8.  Theory  of  Politics;  an  Inquiry  into  the 
Foundation  of  Governments  and  the  Cause  and  Progress 
of  Political  Revolutions,  1853,  12mo. 

"  In  this  new  work  we  notice  the  same  calm  and  equal  march 
of  reason  as  in  the  History  of  America.  Mr.  Ilildreth  is  never 
startling,  never  brilliant.  His  thou'j:ht  is  like  his  style;  solid, 
level,  monotonous.  It  neither  warms  by  its  vividness  nor  startles 
by  its  boldness.  It  is  pre-eminently  respectable.  As  to  ideas, 
there  is  little  in  this  volume  that  can  be  called  new.  Mr.  Hildreth 
is  a  republican,  with  a  tendency,  the  full  strength  of  which  he 
unconsciously  disguises  from  himself,  towards  Socialism." — Lon. 
Athenaum,  1S53,  p.  1C54. 

9.  Japan  as  it  Was  and  Is,  1855,  12mo. 

"Mr.  Ilildreth  has,  with  diligence  and  spirit,  given  a  digested 
history  of  the  empire. — so  far  as  is  made  known  by  different  tra- 
vellers and  many  native  works. — and  a  very  careful  sketch  of  all 
the  leading  Europtan  works  on  Japan  to  the  present  time.  His 
book  is  a  valuable  compendium  of  the  knowledge  the  European 
world  had  nf  the  countiy  before  Captain  Perry's  expedition,  and 
he  has  investigated  with  great  care  some  of  the  most  curious  ques- 
tions of  its  history,  literature,  and  manners." — J\\  Amer.  Jiev.,  Jidy^ 
1856:  Art.  on  The  American  Ei-peditioa  to  Japan,  q.  v. 

And  see  Hawks,  Fkancis  Lister,  D.D.,  LL.I).,  No.  9, 
in  this  Dictionary. 

"Mr.  Hildreth's  is  a  compilation,  somewhat  roughly  executed, 
from  the  successive  accounts  of  Japan  by  European  and  American 
writers.  It  is  scarcely  in  any  sense  original,  nor  is  it  very  sy.s- 
tematic;  but  it  may  find  acceptance  as  a  manual  of  information 
on  a  subject  of  rising  influence  to  both  worlds.  .  .  .  Mr.  Hildreth's 
historical  sketch,  though  always  readable,  is  disconnected  and 
iacompleto." — Lon.  Atht7i(eum,  1856,  pp.  835-836. 

10.  Atrocious  Judges  :  Lives  of  Judges  Infamous  as  Tools 
of  Tyrants  and  Instruments  of  Oppression,  1856,  12mo. 
This  is  a  selection  from  Lord  Campbell's  Lives  of  the 
Chief-Justices  and  Livesof  the  Chancellors,  with  an  Appen. 

We  hope  at  no  distant  day  to  welcome  the  remaining 
volumes  of  Mr.  Hildreth's  History  of  the  United  States; 
for,  whatever  faults  the  critic  may  di.scover  in  the  histo- 
rian's 8ti/le,  of  the  value  of  his  elaborate  array  of  farts 
there  can  be  no  question.  If,  as  alleged,  the  faithful 
chronicler  lack  that  philosophical  insight  which  is  requi- 
site to  give  their  proper  value  to  the  fruits  of  laborious 
researches,  yet  he  has  undoubtedly  facilitated  the  execu- 
tion of  the  duties  of  those  who  succeed  him  : — for,  if 
^*  Felix,  qui  potnit  rerum  coffuoHccre  causae"  be  a  true 
saying,  it  is  as  little  to  be  denied  that  ^' Jierum  ipaarum 
cogniiio  rera,  e  rebus  ipsus  est," 

Hildreth,  Samuel  Prescott,  M.D.,  b.  Sept.  30, 
1783,  at  Methucn,  Mass.,  settled  in  Ohio,  1806.  His  most 
important  works  are — 1.  Pioneer  Hist,  of  the  Ohio  Valley, 
Cin.,  1848,  pp.  525.  2.  Riographical  and  Historical  Me- 
moirs of  the  early  Pioneer  Settlers  of  Ohio,  Ac,  1S52, 
8vo,  pp.  539.  For  upwards  of  forty  years  Dr.  Hildreth 
has  been  a  constant  contributor  to  various  scientific  and 
medicnl  journals  throughout  the  United  States. 

Hildreth,  W.  The  Niliad  ;  an  Epic  Poem  in  honour 
of  Nelson's  Victory,  1st  of  August,  1798. 

Hildrop,  John,  D.D.,  d.  1756,  aged  31,  Rector  of 
Wath,  near  Rippon,  Yorkshire,  pub.  a  number  of  serras., 
theolog.  treatises,  &c.,  1711-52.  His  Miscellaneous  Works 
appeared  in  1754,  2  vols.  12rao.  The  style  of  some  of  his 
pieces  so  strongly  resembles  Swift  that  they  were  ascribed 
to  the  latter. 

"The  reader  may  derive  much  pleasure  and  information  from 
the  perusal  of  this  author's  Free  Thoughts  upon  the  Brute  Crea- 
tion."—Kev.  H.  .1.  Todd. 

See  Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  1834,  Pt.  2,  111. 


Hildyard,  Francis,  of  the  Inner  Temple,  Barrister- 
at-Law.  1.  Treatise  on  the  Principles  of  the  Law  of  Ma- 
rine Insurances,  Lon.,  1845,  8vo;  Ifarrisburg,  1847,  8vo. 

"  The  stylH  is  clear,  correct,  and  concise,  and  the  law  is  brought 
down  to  the  present  day  with  remarkable  accuracy  and  fulness." 
— Penna.  Law  Jour. 

2.  Eighth  ed.  of  J.  A.  Park's  System  of  Marino  Insu- 
rance, with  addits.,  1842,  2  vols.  Svo. 

Hildyard,  Rev.  Win.  Manual  of  Ancient  Geo- 
graphy. 3d  ed.,  1846,  fp.  Svo. 

Hiley,  Richard,  has  pub.  a  number  of  useful  edu- 
cational works,  1846-54,  &c.     See  Lon.  Educat.  Times. 

Hill.  Nundinaj  Sturbrigiensis,  anno  1702,  Lon.,  1709, 
Svo. 

Hill,  a  clergyman  who  exchanged  the  Ch.  of  Eng.  for 
that  of  Knme,  wrote  two  theolog.  treatises,  pub.  1(500-77. 

Hill,  Miss.     Novels,  Lon.,  1809-13. 

Hill,  Aaron,  16S5-1750,  an  Engli.'^h  poet,  dramatist, 
and  miscelhineous  writer,  a  native  of  London,  is  better 
known  to  the  present  age  from  his  quarrels  with  Pope 
than  by  his  literary  compositions.  Among  other  works, 
he  pub. — 1.  A  History  of  the  Ottoman  Empire,  1709,  foU 
2.  Elfrid  ;  a  Trag.,  1700.  3.  Camillus;  a  Poem,  1709. 
4.  5.  Essays  on  Beech  Oil,  1714-15,  Svo.  6.  Essays  on 
Coals  and  Grape-Wines,  171S,  Svo.  7.  King  Henry  the 
Fifth  ;  aTrag.,  1723,  Svo.  8,  The  Northern  Star;  a  Puem, 
1725.  Svo.  9.  Advice  to  the  Poets,  1731,  4to.  10.  The 
Impartial;  a  Poem.  11.  The  Progress  of  Wit;  a  Caveat 
for  the  use  of  an  Eminent  Writer,  (a  satire  upon  Pope, 
who  had  introduced  Hill,  rather  in  a  complimentary  man- 
ner, in  the  Dunciad.)  12.  Merope  ;  a  Trag.  from  Voltaire, 
with  alterations,  1749,  Svo.  His  Miscellaneous  Works — 
a  collection  of  his  best  pieces — were  pub.  in  1753,  4  vols. 
Svo;  and  his  Dramatic  Works,  (seventeen  in  all.)  with  his 
Life,  appeared  in  1759,  2  vols.  Svo.  See  Biog.  Brit.,  Supp., 
vol.  vii. ;  Biog.  Dramat. ;  Cibber's  Lives;  Johnson's  and 
Pope's  Works;  Havies's  Life  of  Garrick;  Richardson's 
Corresp.  ;  Ruflfhead's  Life  of  Pope ;  Disraeli's  Quarrels  of 
Authors. 

We  should  not  omit  to  state  that  our  poet  was — as  the 
title  of  some  of  his  works  indicate — a  dabbler  in  political 
economy  and  an  extensive  projector,  and,  like  many 
other  projectors  of  ancient  times  and  our  own  days,  dis- 
played mure  enterprise  than  judgment. 

The  acuteness  of  his  critical  abilities  may  be  estimated 
from  his  verdict  on  Pope's  poetry.  He  gravely  assures  us 
that  the  popularity  of  the  author  of  the  Rape  of  the  Lock 

"  Arose  from  meditated  little  personal  assiduities,  and  a  certain 
hladdery  swell  of  management." 

And  he  then  gives  utterance  to  this  sagacious  vaticina- 
tion : 

"  But  rest  his  memory  in  peace  I  It  will  very  rarely  he  disturbed 
hy  that  time  he  himself  is  in  ashes." — Letter  to  Richardson,  in 
Richardson's  Chrrespondence. 

But  posterity  have  ventured  to  differ  with  Mr.  Hill. 
Pope  certainly  was  not  wont  to  display  much  of  a  spirit 
of  meekness  in  his  literary  controversies  ;  but  iu  hi.s  mis- 
understanding with  Hill  the  latter  appears  the  least 
amiable.  His  general  character,  however,  was  exemplary, 
and  his  manners  mild  and  conciliating;  but  it  is  danger- 
ous to  tempt  the  amour-jiropre  of  an  author,  however  his 
euaviter  in  modo  may  prevail  in  the  family  circle  and 
social  reunion. 

Pope's  poetical  offence  was  comprised  in  the  following 
lines  from  the  Dunciad,  and  they  have  been  truly  consi- 
dered quite  as  complimentary  as  the  reverse.  Our  author 
is  introduced  as  one  of  the  competitors  for  the  prize  of 
Dulness  : 

"Then  Hill  essay'd:  scarce  vanished  out  of  sight, 
He  buoys  up  inst:int,  and  returns  to  light; 
He  bears  no  token  of  the  saMe  streams, 
And  mounts  far  off,  among  the  swans  of  Thames." 

The  satire  here  is  indeed  very  slight;  but,  slight  as  it 
was,  it  was  sufficient  to  disturb  the  equanimity  of  Master 
Hill. 

Hill,  Abraham,  ir..''>2-1721,  a  learned  man,  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Board  of  Trade,  and  Fellow  and  Treasurer  of 
the  Royal  Society.  Familiar  Letters  which  pHs:?ed  be- 
tween him  and  several  eminent  and  ingenious  persons  of 
the  last  century.  Lon.,  1767,  Svo.  See  his  Life  prefixed 
to  the  Familiar  Letters. 

Hill,  Adam,  D.D.     Serms.,  Ac,  Lon.,  1588,  '92,  '93. 
Hill,  Alexander.     The  Practice  in  the  several  Judi- 
catories of  the  Ch.  of  Scot.,  Edin.,  1830,  12mo. 

Hill,  Mrs.  Anne,  formerly  of  Baltimore,  but  more 
recently  connected  with  the  School  of  Design  at  Phila- 
delphia, perished  in  the  conflagration  of  the  steamboat 
Henry  Clay  on  the  Hudson  River,  July  28,  1852.  1.  Draw- 
ing-Book of  Flowers  and  Fruit,  with  col'd  lUutetratious, 

tii5 


HIL 

Phila.,  4to.     2.  Pntgressive  Lessons  in  the  Painting  of 
Flowers  and  Fruit  :  a  series  of  six  sheets. 
Hill,  Anthony.     Serins.,  17U2,  both  4to. 
Hill,  Arthur.     See  Hall. 

Hill,  Brian,  <l.  1S31,  aged  75,  Chaplain  to  the  Earl 
of  Leven  and  Melville,  was  brother  of  the  celebrated 
Rowland  Hill,  (vide  post.)  1.  Semi.,  Lon.,  1780,  8vo. 
2.  Henry  and  Acasto;  a  Moral  Poetionl  Talo,  1786,  12mo; 
4th  ed.,  1798,  Svo.  3.  Journey  through  Sicily  and  Calabria 
inl79I,8vo;  1792.  4.  Funl.'Serm.,  1803.  tSvo.  5.  XXIV. 
Serms.,  Shrewsb.,  1822,  Svo.  6.  Serm.,  Lon.,  1826.  See 
Lnn.  Gent.  Mag..  Aug.  1831. 

Hill,  Major  X),  H.,  Professor  of  Mathematics  in 
Davidson  College,  North  Caruliua.  1-  Algebra,  Pfaila., 
12mo.  2.  A  Consideration  of  tho  Sermon  on  the  Mount, 
1858,  12mo. 

Hill,  Daniel,  M.D.  1.  U?e  of  Oxygen  in  Diseases. 
Ac,  Lun.,  1800, 4to.  2.  O.xygen,  Ac;  Trans.  Hortic.  Soc., 
1815. 

Hill,  Elizabeth.  Sequel  to  the  Poetical  Monitor, 
Lon.,  ]sn.  12mo. 

Hill,  Frederick.  1.  National  Education:  its  Pre- 
sent State  and  Prospects,  both  at  Home  and  Abroad, 
Lon..  2  vols.  12mu. 

"These  volumes  merit  the  attention  of  .ill  who  feel  an  intc-rest 
in  the  subject.  Mr.  Hill  discusses  the  principles  of  a  nutioual 
pystom  with  ability." — Lon.  Athen. 

2.  Crime:  its  Amount,  Causes,  and  Remedies,  1853, 
Svo. 

Hill,  G.  D.,  Assistant  Curate  of  Hanover  Chapel, 
Regent  Street,  London.  1.  Practical  Sernis.,  Lon.,  1844, 
12mo.     2.  Sernis.  on  tho  Ten  Connnandments,  1845,  12uio. 

3.  Scenes  in  1792  ;  a  Tale  of  the  Revolution,  1848,  fp.  Svo. 

4.  Shnrt  Senns.  on  the  Lord's  Prayer,  1854,  12mo. 
Hill,  George,  D.D..  1750-1819.  a  divine  of  the  Kirk 

of  Scotland,  and  Principal  of  St.  Mnry's  College,  St.  An- 
drews, was  a  native  of  that  city.  He  succeeded  Dr.  Ro- 
bertson as  the  leader  of  the  General  Assembly,  and 

"He  was  long  one  of  the  chief  ornaments  of  the  Church  of 
Scotland,  and  was  distinguished  for  his  manly  and  impressive 
eloquence,  both  in  the  pulpit  and  the  general  assembly."' — Annual 
Bioyraphi/,  vol.  v.,  Lon.,  1S21,  q.  v. 

And  see  Chambers  and  Thomson's  Biog.  Diet,  of  Emi- 
nent Scotsmen;  Lord  Coekburn's  Memorials  of  his  Time, 
1856;  Geo.  Cook's  Life  of  Dr.  Hill.  He  pub.  a  number 
of  occasional  serms.,  and  the  following  vuls. : — 1.  Serms., 
Lon.,  1796.  8vo.  2.  Theological  Institutes.  Edin.,  1803, 
Svo.  Reviewed  in  British  Critic,  vul.  xxiii.  3.  Lects. 
upon  Portions  of  the  Old  Test..  Lon.,  1812,  8vo.  4.  A 
View  of  The  Constitution  of  the  Ch.  of  Scot.,  Edin.,  1817, 
Svo.  5.  The  Pastoral  Office.  6.  Lects.  in  Divinity,  1821,  ' 
3  vols.  8vo;  5th  ed.,  1849,  Svo. 

"Professor  Hill's  lectures  are  admirable,  and  have  been  admitted 
to  the  first  place  among  our  systematic  expositions  of  revealed 
truth." — Congreij.  Mag. 

"These  lectures  embrace  the  evidences,  doctrines,  duties,  and 
institutions  of  Christianity.  They  are  drawn  up  with  great  ciie 
and  ability.  .  .  .  The  author's  tenets  were  in  acrordance  with  the 
Westminster  Confession  of  Faith."— Dr.  E.  Williams's  C.  P. 

"Dr.  Hill  of  St.  Andrews  had  the  faculty  beyond  most  men  of 
comprehensive  and  luminous  arrangement.  We  shall  have  oci-a- 
siou  at  a  posterior  stage  of  our  cour.=e  to  avail  ourselves  of  the 
important  service  which  he  has  rendeied  to  theology.  ...  I  am  not 
sure  if  I  can  recommend  a  more  complete  manual  of  divinity  than 
the  one  I  have  now  adverted  to.  ...  I  know  of  no  treatise  which 
piofesses  to  exhibit  the  whole  range  of  theological  doctiiue,  and 
Uocs  it  in  more  of  a  hicidus  crdo  than  the  one  that  we  have  fixed 
upon." — Br.  Chalmers;  Posth.  Wwrhs, -voi.  \x.  p.  xviii.,  125;  Pre- 
lections  on  HiU's  Lectures. 

Hill,  George,  an  American  poet.  b.  1796,  at  Guil- 
ford, Conn.,  graduated  at  Yale  Collo,£re  in  1816,  and,  after 
a  term  of  public  service  under  the  United  States  Govern- 
ment, entered  tho  navy  in  1S27  as  a  teacher  of  mathe- 
matics. He  was  subsequently  Librarian  of  the  Depart- 
ment of  State  at  Washington,  and  United  States  Consul 
fur  the  southern  portion  of  Asia  Minor.  He  is  now  at- 
tached to  one  of  the  Bureaus  of  the  Department  of  State 
at  Washiuy.tun.  Mr.  Hill  pub.  anonymously,  in  1834,  Tho 
Ruins  of  Athens,  with  other  Poems;  and  a  second  edit., 
entitled  The  Ruins  of  Athens,  Titania's  Banquet,  a  Masque, 
and  other  Poems,  appeared  in  1839,  Svo,  with  the  author's 
name.  See  Everest's  Poets  of  Connecticut,'  Griswold's 
Poets  and  Poetry  of  America. 

Hill,  George  Canning,  b.  1825,  in  Norwich,  Conn, 
The  Kcw  American  Biographical  Scries  for  Youth ;  contain- 
ing the  Lives  of  Capt.  John  Smith,  Gen.  Israel  Putnam, 
Bene'Hct  Arnold,  Daniel  Boone,  Ac,  Boston,  1858,  4  vols. 
IGmo. 

Hill,  George  Nesse.     Medical  treatises,  1800-14. 
Hill,  Henry?  D.D.    Dialogue  concerning  a  Pamphlet 

&46 


HIL 

cntit.  The  Growth  of  Deism  in  England,  Lon.,  1G96,  4to. 

"HiU,  Henry.  L,  YI.,  XL,  and  XIL  Books  of  Euclid, 
l726-:-;i'.  4to. 

Hill,  Henry  David,  D.D.,  Prof,  of  Greek  in  the 
Univ.  of  St.  Andrew's.  1.  Essays  on  the  Private  Manners 
and  Domestic  Int^titutions  of  the  Romans,  12mo.  2.  Es- 
says on  the  Institutions,  Government,  and  Manners  of  the 
States  of  Ancient  Greece,  12mo.  Reviewed  in  Lon.  Quar. 
Kev.,  xxii.  163-203. 

Hill,  Ira,  an  American  writer.  Abstract  of  a  New 
Theory  of  a  Formation  of  the  Earth,  Bait.,  1823,  12mo. 

**  Absurd  as  it  is  on  some  accounts,  however,  it  is  on  others  an 
essay  of  singular  merit." — Ameriain  Writers,  Ho.  4i:  Blackivoocrt 
Mag.,  xvii.  57  :  aod  see  vol.  xvi.  4iiU. 

Hill,  James.     Medical  treatises.  1772-76. 

Hill,  James,  of  the  Inner  Temple,  Barrister-at-Law. 
A  Practical  Treatise  on  the  Law  lelating  to  Trustees, 
Lon.,  1845,  r.  8vo.  Amer.  ed.,  with  American  Notes  and 
References  by  Francis  J.  Troubat,  of  tlie  Phila.  Bar,  Phila., 
1846,  Svo;  2d  Amer.  ed.,  with  ad<lit.  notes,  referring  to 
American  Cases,  by  Henry  Wharton,  of  the  Phila.  Bar, 
1854,  8vo.  This  excellent  work  furnished  the  basis  of 
various  parts  of  Mr.  Spencer's  unfinished  work  on  Equity 
Jurisprudence. 

"On  examination  of  the  sheets,  it  appears  that  the  work  has 
been  enlarged  l)y  nearly  one-half  in  bulk  by  the  new  matter  of 
this  edition;  and  that  the  talile  of  cases  shows  an  addition  of 
more  than  three  thousand  decisions  in  Enirland  and  the  United 
States.  The  authorities,  we  believe,  have  been  brought  down  lo 
the  latest  moment." — Amtr.  Law  lirgister,  Dec,  1853. 

Hill,  John,  Rector  of  St.  Mabyn,  Cornwall.  Four 
occas.  serms..  1610,  '14,  '80,  '^3. 

Hill,  John.  1.  The  Exact  Dealer,  for  all  Trades, 
Lon.,  1698,  1702,  12mo.  2.  Arithmetic,  1716,  Svo.  By 
Hatton,  1733.  Svo. 

Hill,  John,  1711-1746,  an  Independent  minister  of 
London,  a  native  of  Ilitchin.  Serms.  on  several  occasions, 
Lon.,  1749,  "04,  '95,  1817,  Svo.  Nino  or  more  eds.  have 
appeared.  The  five  serms.  on  2  Kings  iv.  26,  entitled 
Faith's  Estimate  of  Afflictive  Dispensations,  have  been 
pub.  separately  ("  It  is  well,"  &c.)  by  the  London  Reli- 
gious Tract  Society,  1S53,  32mo.  Hill's  discourses  are 
highly  valued. 

"Some  admirable  sermons,  especially  on  aflfliction." — Bicho'- 
stith's  C.  S. 

Hill,  Sir  John,  M.D.,  1716-1775,  originally  an  apo- 
thecary, tho  son  of  Kev.  Theophilus  Hill,  of  Peterborough 
or  Spaldiug,  resided  in  Loudon,  and  wrote  many  books  on 
medicine,  botany,  natural  philosophy,  natural  history,  and 
a  number  of  dramas,  novels,  &c.  A  detailed  account  of 
these  many  publications  would  be  of  but  small  interest  to 
the  modern  reader,  who  knows  but  little  of  Sir  John  save 
his  name,  and  this  principally  through  his  quarrels  with 
the  Royal  Society,  and  with  Garrick.  He  was  a  man  of 
remarkable  versatility  of  talent,  but  his  moral  character 
cannot  be  commended.  Among  his  publications  are — 
1.  Orpheus;  an  Opera,  1740.  2.  Theophrastus's  Hist,  of 
Stones  J  from  the  Greek,  with  Notes,  1746,  '74,  Svo.  3.  A 
Dissert,  on  Royal  Societies.  4.  Review  of  the  Works  of 
the  Royal  Society  of  London,  Lon.,  1751,  Svo,  4to : 

"In  which,  by  the  most  unfair  quotations,  mutilations,  and 
misrepresentations,  numbers  of  the  papers  read  in  that  illustrious 
assembly,  and  published  under  the  title  of  the  Philosophical 
Transactions,  are  endeavoured  to  be  rendered  ridicxUous." — Life 
qf  Hill:  Chalmers's  Biog.  Diet. 

5.  Essaj's  on  Natural  History  and  Philosophy,  1752, 
Svo.  Considered  the  best  of  his  writings.  6.  A  General 
Natural  History,  1748-52,  3  vols.  fol.  7.  Urania;  or,  a 
Complcto  View  of  the  Heavens.  1754,  Sv.o.  8.  The  Critical 
Minute;  a  Farce,  1754.  9.  Tho  Route;  a  Farce,  1754. 
10.  Tho  Gardener's  Now  Kaleudar,  1757,  '5S,  Svo.  11. 
Eden ;  or,  a  Complete  Body  of  Gardening,  1757,  fol. 
12.  The  Sleep  of  Plants,  1757,''62,  12mo.  13.  Naval  Hist, 
of  Great  Britain,  compiled  from  the  papers  of  the  late 
Capt.  Geo.  Berkeley,  1757,  fol.  14.  British  Herbal,  1758, 
fol.  15.  Construction  of  Nerves,  1758,  Svo.  16.  An  Idea 
of  a  Botanical  Garden  in  England,  1758,  Svo.  17.  Exotic 
Botany,  1759,  fol.  IS.  The  Vegetable  System,  1759-76, 
26  vols.  fol.  Contains  1600  engravings.  Pub.  at  3S 
guineas,  plain  ;  160  guineas,  coloured.  Pub.  under  the 
patronage  of  the  Earl  of  Bute.  Hill  presented  a  copy  lo 
the  King  of  Sweden,  who  invested  him  with  the  order  of 
the  Polar  Star,  or  Vasa.  Henceforth  he  assumed  the  title 
of  Sir  John.  19.  Flora  Britanniea,  1760,  Svo.  20.  Family 
Practice  of  Physic,  1769,  Svo.  21.  Hist,  of  Mr.  Lovell; 
a  Novel.  This  is  a  pretended  autobiography.  22.  Ad- 
I  ventures  of  a  Creole.  23.  The  Life  of  Lady  Frail ;  a  Novel. 
I  He  was  also  joint-editor  (with  George  Lewis  Scott)  of  a 
;  Supplement  to  Chambers's  Dictionary,  and  was  connected 


HIL 


with  the  British  Magazine,  The  Inspector,  Ac.  See  Short 
Account  of  the  Life,  Writings,  and  Character  of  the  late 
Sir  John  Hill,  Edin.,  1779,  8vo ;  Biog.  Dramat. ;  Gent. 
Mag-  Davies'sLifeof  Garrick;  Dilly'.s  Repository  ;  Dis- 
raeli's Quarrels  of  .Authors;  Boswell's  Life  of  Johnson;  i 
Chalmers's  Biog.  Diet. ;  Donaldson's  Agricult.  Biog.  | 

'■  As  to  his  literary  character,  and  the  rank  of  merit  in  which 
his  writiDL's  ought  to  stand.  Hill's  Rreatest  enemies  could  not 
ijenv  that  he  was  master  of  considerable  abilities  and  an  amazing 
quickness  of  parts.  ...  A  large  volume  might  be  written  on  the 
life  and  adventures  of  this  extraordinary  man,  as  affording  a  com- 
nlete  history  of  literary  quackery,  every  branch  of  which  he  pur- 
sued with  a  greater  contempt  for  character  th;in  perhaps  any  man 
in  our  time."— ii/e  "f  IKU.  in  Chalmers's  Bmq  Diet. 

"Dr  Hill  was  a  very  curious  observer;  and.  If  he  would  nave 
been  contented  to  tell  the  world  no  more  than  he  knew,  he  might 
have  been  a  very  considerable  man,  and  needed  not  to  have  re- 
course to  such  mean  expedients  to  raise  his  reputation.  — DK. 
Jouxson:    O<ni'cisu(io»  with   Gturgr.  III.:   see   Boswell. 

Hill,  Hon.  Lady  John,  wife  of  Sir  John  Hill.  Her 
Address  to  the  Public,  setting  forth  the  Consequences  of 
the  late  Sir  John  Hill's  Acquaintance  with  the  Earl  of 
Bute,  Lon.,  178S,  4to. 

Hill,  John.  Lects.  and  Reflections  on  Divinity,  Law, 
Philus  ,  A'c,  and  a  Poem,  Lon.,  1792,  8vo. 

Hill,  John,  M.D.,  d.  1807,  aged  47.  Tho  Means  of 
Reforming  the  Morals  of  the  Poor  by  Preventing  Poverty, 
1801,  8vo.  ,     „  . 

Hill,  John,  LL.D.,  Prof,  of  the  Humanities  in  the  Univ. 
of  Edin.     1.   Synonymes  of  the   Latin   L.anguage,  Ac, 
Edin.,  1804,  4to. 
"An  elaborate  work."— Tttlek. 

•*The  variety  of  curious  and  important  information  which  this 
contains  must  render  it  a  valuable  acquisition  to  every  lover  of 
ancient  learning."— i/07i.  Lita-ary  Journal. 

2.  Vocabulary,  1804,  12mo.  An  Introduction  to  the 
Study  of  Latin  Synonymes.  3.  Life  of  Hugh  Blair,  1807, 
8vo.  4.  Hist,  and  phil.  con.  to  Trans.  Edin.  Soc,  1788,  '94. 
Hill,  John.  1.  Reflections  rel.  to  the  Proceedings, 
i'c.  respecting  R.  Catholics,  1807,  8vo.  2.  High  Prices  of 
Gold  Bullion,  ISIO,  8vo. 

Hill,  Joseph,  1625-1707,  minister  of  the  English 
church  at  Jliddleburg,  in  Zealand,  and  subsequently  pastor 
of  the  English  church  at  R'otterdam.  1.  Defence  of  the 
Zealander's  Choice.  2.  An  ed.  of  Schrcvelius's  Lexicon, 
1676.  Often  reprinted.  He  added  8000  words  and  cor- 
rected many  errors.  3.  On  the  Antiq.  of  Temples,  1696,  4to. 
Hill,  N.     Serms.,  177.S,  '79,  '95. 

Hill,  Nathaniel.  The  Ancient  Poem  of  Guillaume 
de  Guileville,  entitled  Le  Pelerinage  de  I'Hommc,  compared 
with  the  Pilgrim's  Progress  of  John  Bunyan.  Edited  from 
Notes  collected  by  the  late  Mr.  Nathaniel  Hill,  of  the  Roy. 
Soc.  of  Lit.,  Lon.,  1858.  See  Lon.  Athen.,  1858,  Pt,  2,  261. 
Hill,  Nicholas.  Philosophia  Epicurea  Democratiana 
Theophrastica,  Par.,  1601,  8vo;  Gen.,  1619, 12mo;  CoL  All., 
1619,  8vo. 

Hill,  Nicholas,  Jr.  New  York  Reports,  1841-44, 
Albany  and  N.  York,  1842-45,  7  vols.  8to.  Continuation 
of  Johnson,  Cowen,  and  Wendell. 

Hill,  Noah,  1739-1815,  Pastor  of  the  Mccting-House, 
Old  Gravel  Lane,  London,  (Independent,)  for  thirty-seven 
years  from  1771.  Serms.,  with  a  Pref,  and  a  Serm.  on  his 
Death,  by  J.  Hooper,  Lon.,  1822,  8vo.  Commended  by 
Lon.  Congreg.  Mag. 

Hill,  Oliver.  1.  Fifth  Essay  against  the  Circ.  of  the 
Bhiiid,  Lon.,  1700,  8vo.  2.  A  Rod  for  the  Back  of  Fools, 
1702,  8vo. 

Hill.  Rev.  Pascoe  Grenfell,  Chaplain  of  H.  M.  S. 
Cleopatra.  1.  Voyage  to  the  Slave  Coast  of  Africa,  Lon., 
1849,  12mo.  2.  Fifty  Days  on  Board  a  Slave  Vessel  in 
the  Mozambique  Ch.annel,  1844,  '49,  fp.  8vo;  1853,  12mo. 
■■  We  shall  be  rejoiced  if  the  publicity  given  to  this  little  but 
intelligent  work  by  our  means  assist  in  drawing  the  attention  of 
the  infiuential  classes  to  the  subject." — Bhickimoi.V s  Mag. 

Hill,  R.  The  Gospel-Shop  ;  a  Comedy,  Lon.,  1778,  Svo. 
Hill,  R.,  Pastor,  Gettysburg,  Penn.a.    Discourse  at  the 
laying  of  tho   corner  stone  of  Gateway  and    Lodges  of 
Evergreen  Cemetery,  Gettysburg,  1S55,  pp.  12. 

Hill,  Richard,  Envoy  to  the  Court  of  Savoy  in  the 
Reign  of  Queen  Anne.  His  Diplomatic  Correspondence, 
Lon.,  1845,  2  vols.  Svo.  Edited  by  W.  Blackley.  This 
work  contains  curious  particulars  relating  to  the  Vaudois, 
the  wars  in  tho  Cevennea,  the  Sp.anish  Succession,  with 
letters  of  foreigners  and  translations  of  them. 

"  A  supplement  to  the  Marlborough  Despatches,  and  a  needful 
explanation  of  them." — Lfm.  Ejcaminfr. 

Hill,  Sir  Richard,  1733-1808,  M.P.  for  Salop,  a  son 
of  Sir  Rowland  Hill,  Bart.,  a  brother  of  the  celebrated 
preacher,  Rowland  Hill,  and  uncle  of  General  Lord  Hill, 
Commander-in-chief    R.N.,  was    much   attached    to   the 


IIIL 

doctrines  of  the  Calvinist  Methodists,  and  sometimes 
preached  in  their  chapels.  He  pub.  several  theolog.  trea- 
tises, 1775-1805,  of  which  the  best-known  is  An  Apology 
for  Brotherly  Love,  and  for  the  Doctrines  of  the  Church 
of  England,' Lon.,  1798,  Svo.  This  is  an  answer  to  Dau- 
beny's  Guide  to  the  Church.  In  1800  he  pub.  Daubenism 
Confuted,  Ac,  Svo.  See  Rev.  Edwin  Sidney's  Life  of  Sir 
Richard  Hill,  1839,  Svo. 

"  A  better  man  than  Sir  Richard  Ilill  I  do  not  know  within  the 
circle  of  human  nature."— Loan  Kenton. 

"  Sir  Richard's  life  was  a  pattern  of  modesty,  piety,  and  good- 
ness."— Lord  Erskine. 

"  He  was  of  a  large  and  greAt  soul,  comprehensive  of  the  inte- 
rests of  God,  the  world,  the  church,  his  country,  his  friends,  (with 
a  peculiar  concernedness.)  of  the  souls  of  men,  ready  to  his  utter- 
most to  serve  them  all ;  made  up  of  compassion  towards  the  dis- 
tressed, of  delight  in  the  good,  and  general  benignity  towards  all 
men." — Howe. 

See  Eclec.  Rev.,  4th  Ser.,  vii.  58. 

Hill,  Robert,  D.D.  Theolog.  treatises,  1592,  1617. 
Hill,  Robert.  Six  Serms.,  1728-30,  2  vols.  Svo. 
Hill,  Robert,  1099-1777,  a  self-taught  tailor  and 
stayin,aker,  a  native  of  Hertfordshire,  remarkable  for  his 
knowledge  of  languages.  1.  Remarks  on  Berkeley's  Essay 
on  Spirit.  2.  The  Character  of  a  Jew.  3.  Criticisms  on 
Job.  The  Rev.  Joseph  Spenco  took  a  lively  interest  in 
Hill,  and  promoted  a  subscription  for  his  benefit  by  pub- 
lishing a  Par.allel,  in  the  manner  of  Plutarch,  between  a 
most  celebrated  Man  of  Florence  (Sig.  Magliabocchi)  and 
one  scarcely  known  in  England,  (Robert  Hill.)  Strawberry 
Hill,  1768.  To  this  vol.  we  must  refer  the  reader  who 
desires  to  know  more  of  the  learned  tailor. 

Hill,  Robert.  Sketches  in  Flanders  and  Holland, 
Lon.,  1816,  4to,  £5  5».  A  vnluablo  aid  when  reading  the 
account  of  the  Battle  of  Waterloo,  as  it  contains  engrav- 
ings of  the  principal  points  of  the  field. 

Hill,  Rowland,  1744-1833,  an  eminent  preacher 
attached  to  the  doctrines  of  the  Calvinist  Methodists,  a 
brother  of  Sir  Richard  Hill,  (nnte,)  was  educated  at  St. 
John's  College,  Cambridge,  and  ordained  deacon  in  the 
Church  of  England.  In  1783  ho  built  Surrey  Chapel, 
London,  and  preached  there  during  the  winter  seasons, 
acting  as  an  itinerant  preacher  during  the  summer  months 
until  his  death,— a  period  of  fifty  years.  He  pub.  a  num- 
ber of  serms.,  theological  treatises,  ic,  of  which  the  best- 
known  is  the  work  entitled  Village  Dialogues,  of  which 
the  34th  cd.  was  pub.  in  1839.  He  was  a  man  of  great 
benevolence,  profound  piety,  and  indefatigable  zeal.  Sec 
his  Life,  by  the  Rev.  W.  Jones,  with  a  Pref  by  Rev.  James 
Sherman,  Mr.  Hill's  successor  in  Surrey  Chapel ;  2d  ed., 
1840, 12mo  ;  again,  1845  ;  his  Life,  by  Rev.  Edwin  Sidney, 
4th  ed.,  1844,  fp.  Svo;  Select  Notes  of  his  Preaching,  by 
Sidney,  ]2mo;  Memorial  of  him,  by  Rev.  James  Sher- 
m.an,  1851,  18mo;  Jamieson's  Cyc.  of  Religious  Biogra- 
phy; Metropolitan  Pulpit;  Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  June,  1833; 
Phila.  Museum,  xlvi.  410 ;  New  Haven  Month.  Chris. 
Spec,  X.  516. 

Sheridan  used  to  say, 

'•  I  go  tn  hear  Kowland  Hill  because  his  ideas  come  red-hot  from 
the  he;u-t." 

Dr.  Milner,  the  Dean  of  Carlisle,  was  so  much  afl'ected 
by  hearing  one  of  his  sermons,  that  he  went  to  him  in  the 
vestry,  and  said, 

'•  Jlr.  Hill,  Mr.  Hill,  I  felt  to-day  'tis  this  slajidash  preaching, 
say  what  they  will,  that  does  all  the  go<»d." 

Robert  Southoy  gives  an  iuterestiug  account  of  a  ser- 
mon ho  heard  Hill  deliver  in  1823,  two  years  before  the 
preacher's  death  : 

"  His  manner  was  animated  and  striking,  sometimes  impressive 
and  dignified,  always  remarkable;  and  so  powerful  a  voice  I  have 
rarely  or  never  heard.  .  .  .  The  purport  of  bis  sermon  was  good ; 
nothing  fanatical,  nothing  enthusiastic;  and  the  Calvinism  which 
it  expressed  w.as  so  qualitied  as  to  be  harmless:  .  .  .  the  manner 
that  of  a  performer  as  great  in  his  line  as  Kent  or  Kenible.'* — 
Letter  to  Mrs.  Souiluy :  HoiMci/'s  Life  and  Oorrcsjionclenee. 

Let  us  quote  the  testimony  of  a  witness  even  more  dis- 
tinguished than  Rowland  Hill  himself: 

"  No  man  has  ever  drawn,  since  the  days  of  the  Saviour,  sudi 
sublime  images  from  Nature:  here  Mr.  Hill  excels  every  other 
manl  .  .  .  Whatever  a  mLijudging  world  ni.iy  say,  such  men  .is 
these  will  '  shine  as  the  brightness  of  the  firmament,  and  as  the 
stars  forever.'  May  my  soul,  though  at  a  humble  distance,  be 
admitted  among  them!" — Robert  Hall. 

Hill,  Rowland,  Secretary  to  the  London  Post-Ofiice, 
has  become  widely-known  as  the  author  of  the  system  of 
Penny  Postage  commenced  1839-40.  Post-OSice  Reform  : 
its  Importance  and  Practicability,  Lon.,  1837,  Svo. 

"This  pamphlet  is  important  from  its  having  paved  the  way  for 
the  introduction  of  the  new  system  of  penny  postage.  .  .  .  The 
measure  has  led  to  the  sacrifice  of  above  1,000,000/.  a  year  of  nett 
revenue." — McCuUoch's  Lit.  of  Polit  Eton.,  339,  g.  v. 
\      And  see  also  Eclec.  Rev.,  4th  Ser.,  xv.  459. 


HIL 

Mr.  McCuIIoch  thinks  that  the  reduction  was  too  great- 
and  he  is  certainly  correct. 

Hill,  S,  .S.  1.  Short  Account  of  Prince  Edward's 
Island,  Lon.,  12mo.  2.  Emigrant's  Introduc.  to  an  Ac- 
quaintance with  the  British  American  Colonies,  1837, 12mo. 
i.J'4  ciLXXTissr'  """  °'  ^'^"^  info,ma.ion,.'-i<,„. 
SepriSS?"  ^'""'  *^™"''  "'*"•'  ^"^-  ■'^"'  ^''"'"P-  ^^S; 

n^I'*  J'"™  ""''  '''^  Turban,  1S45,  2  vols.  p.  Svo. 
1.       VV,r  ,^™"''''  ^'"'''"'  of  Killington,  and  Archdeacon, 
fc^i,"  ,-Io     '  P"''-  *"'''""'''  tlieolog.  controversial  treatises, 

Hill,  Samuel.     Vaccination,  Portsea,  1804,  8vo. 

M-ii    Tu"""^'"     ^^"''^'^  New  Law  List  to  1805,  1817. 

Hill,  The.  Stoic  Philosophy,  or  the  Praise  of  Po- 
verty; a  Pf.ciii,  Lon.,  ir2ii,  Svo, 

A  ?'•";  *J,*'"'  '"■  Hvlle,  Thomas,  a  "  Londoner,"  pub. 
A  Eriefe  Treatise  of  Gardeninge,  Lon.,  1663,  I61110.  (fre- 
quently reprinted;)  The  Ordering  of  Bees,  1574,  Ac;  The 
Schoole  of  Skil,  an  astronom.  work.  1599,  4to ;  several 
almanacs;  and  some  works  on  arithmetic,  astronomy, 
physiognomy,  <tc.,  for  an  account  of  which  see  Watt's 
Bibl.  Brit, ;  Donaldson's  Agricult.  Biog. 

"  Hylls  two  books  seem  to  lie  the  «rst  that  were  written  on 
gardenioK  and  bees."-/>„„„;<fe»„-.,  AgrictUl.  Bwu. 

S-  .'  Gliomas.     Legerdemain,  Lon.,  12mo. 

mil,  1  homas.     Serms.,  1642,  '43   '44  -45 

S'!l'  -n!""'""*"     °"  ^™-  Parry's  Mor.aI  Evil,  1809. 

Hill,  rhomas.  Archdeacon  of  Derby.  Letters  and 
Memoir  of  the  late  Walter  Augustus  Shirley,  D.D.,  Lord- 
Bishop  of  Sodorand  Man.  Edited  by  T.H.,  Lon.,  1849,  Svo. 
A  solid  and  interesting  volume,  containinjr,  in  addition  to  the 
rS^n^f'  :""°"'^  .intelligent  remarks  on  public  affahs  and  thec^ 
and  of  m.inkind.  at  home  and  abroad."— L™.  Spectat<yr. 
and  do^ed^wrth^h  '?  T  ?";■'■,.'■'"■■'*  ''»''  «=«  deepest  interest 
"^VS.X-I'l'''"'"'  '"""«^  "'  "^  m,portanee."-i«,i. 

Hill,  Thomas,  b.  at  New  Brunswick,  N.J,  1818- 
gr.ad.  at  Harvard  Coll.  1,843;  settled  at  W.altham  Bfass.; 
Bost  .];,^''f'''^^'^"''^S<',lUX^imo.  2.  Arithmetic 
Bost    1845     3.  Geometry  and  Faith,  N.Y.,1.S49.    4  Curva 

no™  ;  ,       A      i""-  ^"'^  ^'^-  ^'^58.    Contributed  to  astro- 
nomical and  religious  periodicals.     Edited  Whately's  Evi- 
deuces  of  Christianity,  and  The  Stars  and  the  EarUi 
Hill,    rhomas    Ford,   d.   1795.     I.   Ancien     Erse 

niii,  n,  11.  t,.  Carolina  Law  Renorts  lS3'!-3'i 
Columbia  m+-37  .,  ,0,3.  gvo.  2.  S.  Ca,;!  na  Chancer^ 
Reports.  1833-37,  2  vols.  Svo,  1834-37  ^ 

„.**TnV .'  )*'"V  '?''"  ^"'■^"'-^  "f  ""'  Soul ;  or,  the  Soul  of 
1605   4I0       '•'""'"g  ''"'^  »"J  when  it  is  infused,  Lon., 

„n?r!''  ^^"••V^,-,^-  "'9-1"".  a  divine,  school-master, 

of  Cm  r",r\v '""■", "u-'^'"'™  ^""''g'^'  Oxford,  a  native 
of  Cudivorth,  Warwickshire.  1.  Dionysii  Orbis  Descrin 
tio   Lon..  1658.  '59,  '63   78,  '88,  Svo.  "^The  last  ed. IsX 

I;-.,     ™o™an  s  Lookmg-GIass,  1660,  12mo. 

Hillard,  George  Stillman,  a  grandson  of  General 
S  illman  b  Sept  22  1808.  at  M.achias,  M.aine,  entered  the 
Boston  Latm  ,Scl>ool,  1S22,  entered  Harvard  College  in 
If  S  ?^  f •'"l"ated  in  1828,  admitted  to  the  Sulfolk 
county  (Boston;  Bar,  1833,  and  to  the  present  time  (1859) 

Mr  R  ?,"  f^"'^"^  '"  ■"',"  P™""™  °f  '!>«  'aw  in  Boston 
Mr  H  Hard  was  married  in  1834  to  Susan  T.,  daughter 
of  the  late  Judge  Howe  of  Nortbamjiton.  In  1845  he  was 
elected  to  the  Cn„mo„  Council,  of  which  he  was  a  member 
nnt.  July,  1847,  and  was  for  six  months  its  president  He 
has  been  a  representative  to  the  State  Legislature,  and  was 
elected  to  the  Senate  in  1850.    As  a  legislator,  Mr.  Hillard 

r„°r7nr  1  ?  t1"''  7'r^  '""'^'^  "'•^  ^»™  commenda- 
tion of  the  late  Daniel  Webster,  (.see  Webster's  Works  v 

mis;lire„"'%?""'"l  "'■  '.°"="'=<''»al  character  was  seldom 
mistaken  The  reader  will  find  some  interesting  reminis 
cences  of  Mr^  Hillard's  early  life  in   the  H.sLbZ] 

ix  '  tr",,  '"     """g  ■'*  "fO'lrod  Boston  Orators. 

Mr.  Hillard  has  gained  the  reputation  of  being  one  of 
W.T  f  ??"■="?  "'  American  orators:  as  a  writer,  we 
have  heard  him  classed,  by  no  less  an  authority  than  the 
eminent  publicist.  Dr.  Francis  Lieber,  among  the  very  best 
which  the  country  has  yet  produced.  Mr.  Hillard's  nubli- 
XT,  T.f  '>'.'»»•=  •-'•  Fourth  of  July  Oration  before 

the  Ph^Rl",  I.-""''.=°'^  ^"''°"'  ^«2^'  2-  Discourse  before 
the  Phi  Beta  Rappa  Society,  1843.     3.  Connection  between 

5  Adlr  ^  1°  ^'u''"J  Association  of  Boston,  1850. 
5.  Address  before  the  New  York  Pilgrim  Society    1S51. 


HIL 


6.  Eulogy  on  Daniel  Webster,  before  the  City  Authorities 
of  Boston,  1852.  This  truly  eloquent  oration  will  be  found 
iu  A  Memorial  of  Daniel  Webster  from  the  City  of  Boston 
185.3,  edit,  by  Mr.  Hillard.  This  vol.  must  be  owned  by 
all  who  possess  Little,  Brown  &  Co.'s  beautiful  edit,  of  the 
Works  of  Webster.  7.  Six  Months  in  Italy,  1853,  2  vols 
12mo;  2d  ed.,  1854,  2  vols.  12mo;  5th  ed.,  1855,  16mo' 
This  work  has  been  commended  in  the  highest  terms' 
W  e  give  brief  citations  : 

"The  mass  of  information  contained  in  these  two  volumes  is 
immense ;  the  ciilidsms  novel,  ami,  in  our  bumble  opinion  judi- 
cious; the  writer's  own  thoughts  and  feelings  beautifully  ex 
pressed.  .  .  .  The  only  wonder  is  how  he  could  manage  in  so  'short 
a  time  to  see  so  much ;  for  Mr.  Hillard  is  one  who  sees  not  only 
with  the  outward  eye,  but  with  that  inner  mental  vision  which 
carries  away  with  it  and  makes  its  own  all  that  fixes  its  observa- 
tion and  acts  upon  its  sensations.  .  . .  Mr.  Hillard  is  evidently  a 
scholar,  a  man  of  taste  and  feeling,  something,  we  should  opine, 
"WI^Hll"  ;,""""",»'^at>ly  a  genttemin,.--Fraser:,  Magazine. 
Mr.  auard  3  work  is  that  of  a  scholarand  a  gentleman,  a  man 
of  sense  as  w-ell  as  of  ta,,te  and  feeling,  and  well  prepared  by  his 
previous  reading  to  appreciate  hie  subject.  He  writes  without  eg^ 
tism,  personal  or  patriotic;  he  has  no  systems  tosopport  nor  prcj^ 
dices  to  defend;  h.s  views  are  always  liberal  and  bLeyolent"^  and 
if  not  always  in  our  opinion,  right,  he  is  always  candid.  His  style 
IS  pointed  and  IS  full  of  happy  expressions  ami  striking  images  • 

?r'aSf  '/„"  'f  *°  '""■'^""  "  ""'=  'O"  »">bitious.  ..^nd^i"  Xs: 
trations  though  ingenious,  seem  to  us  fanciful  and  far-fetched- 
he  anxiety  (perhaps  derived  from  his  profession)  to  enforce  a  ptoi 
leads  now  and  then  to  exaggeration.-not  indeed  of  fact,  but  of  ex- 
pression These  blemishes,  however,  are  but  slight ;  and  our  men- 
tion  of  them  must  be  taken  asaproof  of  the  sincerity  of  our  g"u° 
ral  praise."— ic«.  Quar.  Sev.,  April,  1868 

it  'i'.^S"^  "''  ""■  ^T^  ra'^tally.  it  fixed  our  attention  at  once;  and 
It  19  long  sinr e  we  have  read  a  volume  of  travels  with  so  iLuch 
pleasure."— Zli/Wii,  KevUio.  July,  1858. 

The  New  York  Albion  thus  closes  its  review : 
"What  a  pleasant  business  it  would  be,  this  passing  judgment 
on  books  If  we  had  many  such  authors  to  deal  with !  It  was  with 
list  ess  attention  that  we  took  up  the  two  volumes  before  us,  not- 
withstanding that  these  Ikiston  publishers  have  the  knack  of 
courting  the  eye  by  all  the  tricksy  niceties  of  typography  But  let 
no  man  gains.ay  the  truth  of  that  homely  proverb  which  peoples 
ocean  with  as  good  fish  as  ever  came  out  of  it.  or  rashly  assert 
that  Italy  is  an  exhausted  theme.'  Mr.  Hillard  has  fairly  carried 
us  with  him  hom  his  first  page  to  his  last ;  and  we  must  honestlT 
avow  that  no  modern  traveller,  within  the  scope  of  our  pen,  has 
looked  and  listened  so  profitably  to  himself,  and  has  recorded  his 
impressions  in  a  manner  so  acceptable  to  his  readers." 

8.  A  First-Class  Reader;  consisting  of  Extracts  in  Prose 
and  Verse,  with  Biographical  and  Critical  Notices  of  the 
Authors.  For  the  use  of  Advanced  Classes  in  Public  and 
Private  Schools,  1856,  Svo,  pp.  504.  This  vol.  contains 
15b  pieces,  selected  from  the  yyritings  of  112  authors  of 
note. 

"The  selections  are  so  well  made,  and  the  brief  biographical 
8ketches  so  convenient,  that  the  book  deserves  a  circulation  beyond 
the  class  for  whom,  ostensibly,  it  has  been  prepared.  Asa  volnme 
01  elegant  extracts,'  we  take  pleasure  in  recommending  it  to  the 
fa^.f'if.  Tn^^i-*?  "■"  i°>^tructor  we  can  safely  endorse  it,  as  a 
careful  and  judicious  compilation,  admirably  adapted  to  the  re- 
18M™6?  ^''°^"  schools."-(A-.  lorl)  C,-lr"on° Jprat, 

Mr  Hillard  has  also  prepared  a  Second.  Third,  and 
Fourth  Class  Reader,  the  whole  forming  a  complete  series 
ior  he  use  of  grammar-schools.  They  are  being  generally 
usecl  m  most  of  the  States  of  the  Union 

Translator  of-9.  Guizot's  Essay  on  the  Character  and 
Influeuce  of  Washington,  1840, 12mo.  Editor  of-10.  The 
Poetical  Works  of  Edmund  Spenser,  1839,  5  vols.  12mo, 
bvTiHIe  1?         'rn^^r^    This  excellent  edit,  waspub 

ed^it  ,f  %  '°"°  *  w-  f  ^■'"^°"'  "''0  '"'^•^  i»™-=d  ''now 
edit    of  Spenser's    Works    in   1855,  5  vols.   ISmo.      Mr 

MS::f|p:n1s.l'"LLrur"'"=''  "^"^^  distinguished 

S  h?/  '"'7"^]']-  ">""y  rf-"'^^  of  persons  who  would  o^erwise 

11.  Selections  from  the  Writings  of  Walter  Savaire 
Landor,  1856,  12mo,  pp.  301.  oavage 

ti,"  ^''  a^'"}''^  "":  ■^'■stibule  this  little  book  olfers.  I  can  nersuade 
whiril'^d^''h''  '"•°  '1'"'  '"'"'''^'  rtructureof  wisdom  and  beri?y 
-Pr"c°  '■""'"''  °''  P"""""' """  ""^'^ ''™°  accomplishei" 

"In  his  admiraWy-written  preface,  Mr.  Hillard  has  given  so 
exeel^nt  an  estimate  of  Lander's  works  that  he  has  fiSled 
he  oflice  of  the  critic;  and  we  could  say  nothing  on  the  sub  eot 

— (i\.  ioiA)  Cnlmon.  Januanj  1-3,  185C,  166. 

Mr  Hillnrd  was  for  some  time  editor  of  the  American 
Jurist,  and  wrote  a  number  of  articles  for  its  p.iges:  and 
he  has  also  been  a  contributor  to  the  North  American  Re- 
view, the  Cliristian  Examiner,  the  New  England  Maga- 
zine, Ac.     To  him  also  wo  are  indebted  for  (he  Life  of 


HIL 


IIIL 


Captain  John  Smith,  in  Sparks's  Library  of  American 
Biography,  1st  Series,  ii.  171-407.  If  to  all  these  titles 
to  houoiirable  distinction  Mr.  Hillnrd's  friends  should 
claim  for  him  the  possession  of  poetical  abilities  of  no 
ordinary  rank,  they  would  feel  amply  prepared  to  vindi- 
cate the  justice  of  their  pretensions.  Among  the  most 
admired  of  his  writings  are  the  two  noticed  with  just  com- 
mendation in  the  following  extract: 

"  George  S.  Ilillard  is  one  of  the  most  polished  writers  of  New 
England.  His  taste  is  fastidious,  and  he  is  a  fine  rhetorician.  He 
excels  in  arran};enient  and  oondens.ation.  and  has  an  imftginative 
expression.  Of  his  numerous  articles  iu  The  North  American  Re- 
view, one  of  the  most  brilli.int  ison  Prescott's  Conquest  of  Mexico; 
but  I  think  the  happiest  of  his  essays  is  that  on  the  Mission  of 
the  Poet,  read  before  the  Phi  Beta  Kappa  Society." — It.  W.  Gbis* 
wold:  Tlie  Iiiidlcctual  History,  ComlUwn,  and  Prospects  of  the 
Cuuntry,  prefixed  to  his  Prose  Writers  of  America. 

*■  The  exquisite  and  flowing  sentences  seem  allied  to  music,  and 
touch  the  outward  sense,  as  well  as  stir  the  fancy  and  excite  the 
reflective  powers." 

We  have  already  quoted  the  testimonies  of  some  emi- 
nent witnesses  to  the  distinguished  talents — in  the  maturity 
of  their  luxuriant  foliage — of  the  subject  of  our  notice. 
The  early  indications  of  these  talents — the  "  promise  of 
the  spring" — were  not  unnoticed  by  one  who  firat  planted, 
and  then  stimulated  to  an  abundant  harvest,  the  priceless 
seeds  of  knowledge  in  many  a  youthful  mind.  We  are 
adducing  but  one  more  to  the  many  eviilcnces  of  that 
sagacity  which  so  pre-eminently  characterized  a  late  emi- 
nent jurist,  by  the  citation  of  the  following  lines  : 

"To  some  among  them  [his  law-pupils]  he  was  bound  by  the 
warmest  ties  of  affection  ;  and  I  cannot  refrain  from  mentioning 
the  love  and  esteem  he  had  for  Charles  Sumner  and  George  S.  Hil- 
lard,  whom  he  rather  looked  upon  as  his  children  than  as  his 
pupils." —  Wiu.  W.  Story's  Life  of  Judge  Joseph  Story,  ii.  S'J. 

Hillary,  Wm.,  M.D.  Medical  treatises,  Lon.,  1735-61. 
Hilihouse,  James?  1754-1832.  anativeof  Montville, 
Connecticut,  graduated  at  Yale  College,  1773  ;  treasurer 
of  Yale  College,  1782-1832;  member  U.  S.  House  of  Re- 
presentatives. 1791-94  ;  of  the  United  States  Senate,  1794- 
1810.  Mr.  Hillhouse  filled  several  important  public  posts 
in  his  native  State,  He  pub.  a  number  of  Speeches.  &c. 
See  Bacon's  Sketch  of  the  Life  and  Character  of  Hon. 
James  Hillhouse  j  Life  and  Letters  of  Judge  Joseph 
Story,  i.  loS. 

Uillhousc,  James  A.,  17S9-1S41,  son  of  the  pre- 
ceding, was  a  native  of  New  Haven,  Connecticut,  entered 
Yale  College  at  fifteen  years  of  age,  and  graduated,  with 
distinguished  honours,  in  1808.  After  the  war  of  1S12 
he  engaged  in  commercial  pursuits  in  the  city  of  New 
York;  visited  Europe  in  1819;  was  married  in  1824  to 
Miss  Cornelia  Lawrence,  of  New  York  ;  and  shortly  after- 
wards removed  to  his  country-seat  of  Sachem's  Wood,  near 
New  Haven,  where  he  resided,  with  the  exception  of  an- 
nual visits  to  New  York,  during  the  remain<ler  of  his  life. 
Upon  taking  his  second  degree  at  college,  Mr.  Hillhouse 
had  gained  great  credit  by  his  oration  On  the  Education 
of  a  Poet;  and  in  1812  he  produced  a  poem  of  remark- 
able excellence,  entitled  The  Judgment,  a  Vision, — a  de- 
scription of  the  awful  scenes  of  the  Last  Day.  (Pub.  N. 
York,  1812,  8vo.)  This  poem  was  rewarded,  shortly  after 
its  first  appearance,  by  the  enthusiastic  commendation  of 
one  of  the  most  accomplished  of  English  critics,  who  thus 
concludes  his  review : 

*'  In  short,  such  is  the  approach  to  excellence,  both  in  the  con- 
ception and  execution  of  this  little  poem,  that  I  confess  myself 
mure  than  commonly  gratified  in  the  opportunity  of  doing  what 
lies  in  my  power  towards  making  it  further  known  on  this  side 
the  Atlantic;  especially  as  the  praise  to  which  it  is  so  justly  en- 
tilled  may,  in  all  probability,  lead  its  author  to  other  aud  more 
extended  efforts." — Dr.  Dbaki::  Evenings  in  Autumn,  1822,  ii. 
lOU-127. 

Whilst  in  London,  he  pub.  Percy's  Masque,  a  Drama 
in  Five  Acts;  the  subject  of  which  is  "the  successful  at- 
tempt of  one  of  the  Percies,  the  son  of  Shakspcarc's  Hot- 
spur, to  recover  his  ancestral  home."  It  was  reprinted  in 
New  York,  "with  alterations,"  1S20,  12rao,  pp,  150,  and 
reviewed  in  the  North  American  Review  (xi.  384-393)  by 
a  fellow-poet,  William  C.  Bryant.  Referring  the  reader 
to  this  article,  we  will  quote  a  few  paragraphs  : 

''  We  are  glad  to  meet  with  so  respectable  a  production  in  this 
department  of  literature  from  the  pen  of  a  native  writer ;  indeed, 
we  are  pleased  to  light  upon  any  modern  tragedy  in  the  English 
language  so  well  worthy  of  notice.  .  .  .  There  is  no  powerful  de- 
velopment of  character,  but  the  characters  are  consistent  and  well 
sustained.  .  .  .  We  think  that  the  author  of  Percys  Masque  is 
to  be  congratulatL-d  on  having  escaped  so  well  the  florid  and  de- 
clamatory manner,  with  so  many  celebrated  and  seducing  ex- 
ample.c  before  him.  We  hope,  however,  that,  should  he  continue 
to  cultivate  this  department  of  the  drama,  he  will  be  led  to  study 
a  stvle  still  more  idiomatic  and  easy,  and.  particularly  {for  here 
hi:;  has  sinned  mostj  with  fewer  capricious  departures  from  the 
oatural  construction." 


"Percy's  Masque  reproduces  the  features  of  an  era  more  im- 
pressed with  knightly  character  than  any  in  the  annals  of  Kng- 
land.  Hillhouse  moves  in  that  atmosphere  quite  as  gracefully  aa 
among  the  solemn  and  venerable  traditions  of  the  Hebrew  faith. 
His  dramatic  and  other  pieces  are  the  first  instances  in  the 
country  of  artistic  skill  in  the  higher  and  more  elaborate  species 
of  poetic  writing."' — H.  T.  Tuckcrjiian's  Sketch  of  Avterican  Lite- 
rature. 

In  1824  Mr.  Hillhouse  composed  the  sacred  drama  of 
Hadad.  which  was  given  to  the  world  in  the  following 
year,  New  York,  Svo,  pp.  208.  This  admirable  piece  was 
reviewed  in  the  North  American  Review  (xxii.  13-27)  by 
F.  W.  P.  Greenwood;  by  H.  Ware,  Jr.,  in  the  Christian 
Examiner,  ii.  301  ;  and  by  an  unknown  critic,  in  the  United 
States  Literary  Gazette,  ii.  96.  See  also  article  on  Hill- 
house's  Dramas,  Discourses,  and  other  Poems,  (1839,2  vols. 
16mo,)  byJ.G.  Palfrey,  in  North  American  Review,  I.  231- 
262;  and  Literature  in  the  Nineteenth  Century — America 
—in  the  London  Athenaeum,  1833,  p.  9.  The  author  of 
the  article  declares  that 

"This  is  one  of  those  works  which  the  Americans  do  not  or 
cannot  appreciate.  As  a  drama,  it  is  throughout  admirable, 
though  the  excL-ssive  interest  of  the  supernatural  vein  rather 
dims  the  brightness  of  the  inferior  portions  of  the  plot.  .  .  .  We 
trust  hL^  writes  molgri  dit,couragement  and  neglect,  for  the  time 
will  come  when  he  will  be  sought  for.  Lt  boyi  temps  for  literature 
in  Aoierica  is  not  far  off." 

In  1839  Mr,  Hillhouse  pub.  (in  2  vols.  16mo}  a  collective 
ed.  of  his  writings,  the  title  of  which  we  have  given  above. 
The  vols,  contain — 1.  Percy's  Masque.  2.  Hadad.  8.  De- 
metria;  a  domestic  Italian  tragedy,  written  in  1S13,  but 
never  before  printed.  4.  The  Judgment;  a  Poem.  5. 
Sachem's  Wood ;  a  Poem.  6.  Phi  Beta  Kappa  Discourse, 
1826,  at  New  Haven,  On  Some  of  the  Considerations  which 
should  influence  an  Epic  or  a  Tragic  AVriter  in  the  Choice 
of  an  Era.  7.  A  Discourse  before  the  Brooklyn  Lyceum, 
in  1836,  On  the  Relations  of  Literature  to  a  Republican 
Government.  8.  A  Discourse  at  New  Haven,  1S34,  in 
Commemoration  of  the  Life  and  Services  of  General  La- 
fayette. See  the  Review  by  J.  G.  Palfrey,  noticed  above  ,• 
another  review  in  the  Boston  Christian  Examiner,  xxvii. 
285  ;  articles  (on  the  Poem  of  Judgment)  in  the  Boston 
Christian  Disciple,  iii.  209 ;  N.  Hav^-n  Chris.  M.  Spec,  iii. 
466  ;  an  article  in  the  N.  Haven  Chris.  Quar.  Spec,  v.  238 ; 
New  Englander,  Nov.  1858,  (by  i*rT.  Tuckerman;)  N.  P. 
Willis's  Poem  before  the  Linonrnff  Society  of  Yale  College, 
1841;  Everest's  Poets  of  Conn^cfTcut;  notice  of  Hillhouse, 
from  materials  furnished  by  tBishop  Kip,  in  Griswold'3 
Poets  and  Poetry  of  America.  The  enthusiastic  tribute 
of  a  fellow-poet  may  appropriately  conclude  this  notice  of 
one  of  the  most  eminent  of  modern  dramatic  authors: 
"Hillhouse,  whose  music,  like  his  themes, 
Lifts  earth  to  heaven.^whose  poet-dreams 
Are  pure  and  holy  as  the  hvmu 
Echoed  from  harps  of  seraphim 
Bv  bards  that  drank  at  Ziou's  fountain, 

When  glory,  peace,  and  hope  were  hers, 
And  beautiful  upon  her  mount.ains 
The  feet  of  angel-messengers." 

Fitz-Greene  Halleck:  The  Recorder. 
HilHard,  Francis,  b.  about  1808,  in  Cambridge, 
Ma^s.,  son  of  William  Hilliard,  an  eminent  publisher  of 
Boston,  grad.  Harvard  University  1823.  He  has  been  .Judge 
of  Roxbury  (Mass.)  Police  Court,  Commissioner  of  Insol- 
vency and  Judge  of  Insolvency  for  the  county  of  Norfolk. 
1.  Digest  of  Pickering's  Reports,  vols.  viii.  to  xiv.  inc, 
Bost.,  1837,  Svo.  Supp.,  1843.  Svo.  2.  Law  of  Sales  of 
Per.sonal  Property,  N.  York,  1841,  Svo.  See  25  Amer.  Jnr., 
488,  xxvi.  262.  3.  Amer.  Law  of  Real  Property;  2d  ed., 
Phila.,  1846.  Svo  ;  3d  ed.,  N.  York,  1855,  2  vols.  Svo.  This 
work  contains  that  portion  of  Cruise's  Digest  which  the 
American  lawyer  will  find  most  needful. 

"I  know  no  work  that  we  possess  whose  practical  utility  is 
likely  to  be  so  extensively  felt."— Judge  Story. 

"A  work  of  great  labour  and  intrinsic  \alue."— Chancellor 
Kent  :  Com.,  ii.  6^5,  n.,  5lh  ed. 

*'  A  work  creditable  to  himself,  and  of  great  practical  utdity  to 
the  professinn  throughout  our  whole  country."— -4»ier.  fur. 
See  also  1  L.Rep.,  119;  ix.  188;  Marvin's  Leg.  Bibl.387. 
4.  American  Jurisprudence ;  Elements  of  Law,  &c.,  2d 
ed.,  1848,  Svo.      5.  Law  of  Mortgages  of  Real  and  Per- 
sonal Property,  Bost.,  1853,  2  vols.  Svo. 

"  As  a  manual  for  use  it  will  take  the  place  of  other  treatises 
on  the  same  subject." — Law  Rep<irta-. 

6.  Treatise  on  the  Law  of  Vendors  and  Purchasers  of 
Rcjil  Property,  185S,  2  vols.  Svo.  A  Treatise  on  Torts,  2 
vols.  8vo.     Now  (1858)  in  course  of  preparation. 

Hilliard,  Henry  \V.,  of  Alabama.  Speeches  and 
Addresses,  N.  York,  1856,  Svo.  The  most  of  these  speechea 
were  delivered  in  the  House  of  Representatives  at  Wash- 
ington, D.C.  Appended  are  a  number  of  literary  addresses, 
which  have  been  commended. 

849 


HIL 


niN 


Uilliard,  John.  Fire  from  Heaven  ;  concerning  a 
Man  burnt  to  aslics  by  Lightning,  Lon.,  1613,  4to. 

Hilliard,  Samuel,  Prcb.  of  Lincoln,  and  Rector 
of  Stafford,  Essex.  Seven  occasional  Surnis.,  1709,  '12, 
'13.  '14.  '17. 

Hilliard,  Timothy,  17'16-17nO,  minister  of  Cam- 
bridge, Mass.,  «te.,  grad.  at  Harvard  Coll.,  1761.  Scrras., 
1774-SS. 

Hillier,  James.  Observations  at  Cape  Corse;  Phil. 
Trans.,  1697. 

Hills,  Henry,  minister  of  Hin.thill.  A  Treat,  cone, 
the  Propagation  of  the  Soul,  on  Eccles.  .\ii.  7,  Lon.  1G67, 
12mo. 

Hillyard,  Clark.  Practical  Farming  and  Grazing, 
Breeding  of  Sheep  and  Cattle,  &c.,  Lon.,  1836,  8vo. 

"The  volume  coutains  3.')'2  octavo  pages  of  sound,  practical 
sense,  with  several  very  amusing  anecdotes." — DonaJtismVs  Agrir 
cult.  Bing. 

Hilman,  Samuel.  Tusser  Redivivus,  Lon.,  1710, 
8vo.     See  Lowndes's  Bibl.  Man.,  1843. 

Hils,  G.  H.  Trans,  of  the  Odes  of  Casiniire,  Lon., 
1646.  12mo.  Dr.  Drake  decl.ares  that  many  of  Casimir's 
odes  are  worthy  of  tlie  genius  of  Horace. 

Hilsey,  or  Hildcsley,  John,  d.  153S,  Bishop  of 
Rochester,  1535.  1.  Tlie  Manuall  of  Prayers:  or,  the 
Prymer  in  Englyshe,  Lon.,  1539,  8vo.  2.  De  Veri  Cor- 
poris lesu  in  Sacramento.  3.  Resolutions  concerning  the 
Sacraments,  &e.     See  Athen.  O.xon. 

Hilton,  John.  1.  Ayres,  or  Fa  Las  for  three  Voyces, 
1627.  2.  C.Ttch  that  catch  can,  Lon.,  1652,  8vo.  This 
collection,  we  are  told, 

"  Helped  to  solace  the  royalists  in  private,  during  the  triumphs 
of  their  enemies  and  suppression  of  all  public  amusements."  See 
Ilawkiuss  and  liuruev's  llistoiies  of  Music. 

Hilton,  or  Hylton,  Walter,  flourished  about  1440, 
a  Carthusian  monk.  1.  The  Scale,-  or.  Ladder  of  Per- 
fection, 1494,  fob;  1507, '21, '25, '3.3,  4to;  1659,  8vo;  1672, 
32mo  ;  1679,  Svo.  The  last  is  the  ed.  revised  by  Abr. 
Woodhead. 

This  work  was  undertaken  at  the  command  of  the  pious 
Margaret,  mother  of  Henry  VII.  See  Dr.  Dibdin's  Ames, 
ii.  36-40,  for  copious  extracts  from  "this  very  strange 
performance." 

The  whole  concludes  with  the  following  verses : 
■'  lufynyte  hiude  with  thankynges  niauyfold, 
I  yelde  to  god,  me  socourynge  with  his  grace. 
This  boke  to  fynysshe,  whiche  that  ye  beholde 
Scale  of  pei'feccyon  calde  in  every  place. 
Whereof  thauctor  Waltre  Hylt^io  was." 

A  copy  sold  at  the  Alchorue  sale  for  £18  18«. 

2.  A  Devoute  Boke,  Ac.  See  Bliss's  Wood's  Athen. 
Oxon..  iii.  1164;   Lowndes's  Bibl.  Man.,  932. 

Hilton,  William.  Relation  of  a  Discovery  lately 
made  on  the  Coast  of  Florida,  Lon.,  1654,  4to.  Liber 
rarissimus. 

Hinchcliti'e,  Henry  John.  1.  Rules  of  Practice 
for  the  Vice- Admiralty  Ct.  of  Jamaica,  Lon.,  1813,  Svo. 
2.  Carving  over  a  Chimney-Piece  atSpekeUall;  Archseol., 
1803. 

Hinchcliffe,  John,  D.D.,  1731-1794,  a  native  of 
Westminster,  educated  at  Westminster,  and  elected  to 
Trin.  Coll.,  Canib.,  1750;  Head-Master  of  Westminster 
School,  1764;  Vicar  of  Greenwich,  1766;  Master  of  Trin. 
Coll.,  Camb.,  1768  ;  Bishop  of  Peterborough,  1769.  1. 
Serm.,  Phil.  iv.  4.  Lon.,  1773,  4to.  2.  Serm.,  Acts  x.  34, 
35.  1776.  4to.  3.  Serm.,  Mai.  ii.  10,  1786,  4to.  4.  Serms., 
1796,  Svo.  Posth.  This  vol.  disappointed  expectations, 
but  is  not  without  merit : 

"  This  volume  is  not  to  be  passed  over  amongst  the  common 
run  of  pulpit  compositions.  The  discourses  are  unaffected  in 
their  manner,  and  exhibit  traits  of  an  energetic  mind." — Lon. 
Cnticid  Reviev>. 

Another  authority  remarks  that  they  are 

''Thioughuut  written  with  correctness  and  simplicity;  and 
they  are  happily  calculated  to  support  religious  beliefand  to 
promote  vii-tuous  manners." — Lnn.  Month.  Rev. 

Hinckes,Rev.  Mr.  Account  of  some  Ancient  MSS.; 
Trans.  Ir.  Acad.,  1796. 

Ilinckes,  T.  Letters  in  Answer  to  Paine's  Age  of 
Reasfin,  1796,  8vo. 

Hinckley,  John,  D.D.,  1617-1695,  a  native  of  War- 
wickshire, educated  at  St.  Alban's  Hall,  Oxford,  became 
successively  Vicar  of  ColeshiU,  Berkshire,  Rector  of 
Drayton,  Leicestershire,  and  Northficid,  Worcestershire. 
He  pub.— 1.  Four  Serms.,  &c.,  Oxf ,  1657,  Svo.  2.  Epistola 
Veridica,  1659,  4to.  3.  Funl.  Serm.,  1661,  4to.  4.  Per- 
suasive to  Conformity,  1670,  Svo.  5.  Fasciculus  Literarum; 
or,  Letts,  on  several  Occasi<ms,  1680,  Svo.  The  first  half 
contains  letters  between  Richard  Baxter  and  Dr.  II.  on 
the  Divisions  in  the  Church. 
8S0 


Hinckley,  John,  d.  1814,  trans,  books  of  Travels, 
.history.  &c.  from  the  German  and  Italian.  See  Watt's 
Bibl.  Brit, 

Hiucks,  John,  1804-1S31,  minister  of  a  Unitarian 
church  at  Liverpool,  1827.  XXIX.  Serms.  .ind  Occasional 
Services,  with  Memoir  by  John  II.  Thorn.  Lon.,  1832,  Svo. 

Hind,  Capt.  James,  a  noted  English  highwayman. 
1.  His  Declaration  and  Confession,  Lon.,  1651,  4to.  2.  His 
Will,  1651,  4to.  3.  His  Petition,  1051,  4to.  Anumberof 
pieces  were  pnb.  about  this  notorious  malefactor.  Bee 
Lowndes's  Bibl.  Man.,  933. 

Hind,  or  Hynd,  John.  1.  The  Mirrour  of  Worldly 
Fame,  Lon.,  1603,  12mo,  pp.  60.  Reprinted  in  the  Har- 
leian  Miscellany.  2.  Eliosto  Libidinoso :  described  in 
two  Bookcs,  1606,  4to.  Bibl.  Anglo-Poet.,  920,  £15.  See 
Brydges's  Cens.  Literaria;  Collier's  Poetical  Decameron. 

Hind,  Rev.  John,  late  Fellow  and  Tutor  of  Sidney 
Sussex  College.  1.  Principles  of  the  Diff.  Calculus,  Lon., 
Svo.  2.  Examp.  of  the  Diff.  Calculus,  Svo.  3.  Elements 
of  Algebra;  5th  ed.,  1841,  Svo  ;  6th  ed.,  1855,  Svo.  4.  In- 
Iroduc.  to  the  Elements  of  Algebm,  1840,  12mo.  5.  Ele- 
ments of  P.  .and  S.  Trigonom.,  4th  ed.,  1S41,  12mo;  5tll 
ed.,  1855,  12mo.  6.  Prin.  and  Prac.  of  Arithmetic;  6th 
ed.,  1849,  12mo;  7th  ed.,  1855,  12mo.  Highly  commended 
by  Dr.  Whowell  in  his  Cambridge  Studies.  7.  Prin.  and 
Pr.ac.  of  Arithmetical  Algebra,  1851,  ]2mo. 

Hind,  John  Russell,  Astronomer,  Foreign  Secre- 
tary of  the  Royal  Astronomical  Society,  and  Superin- 
tendent of  file  "Xautical  Almanack,"  has  discovered  a 
large  nnml>er  of  planets,  for  an  account  of  which  see  Men 
of  the  Time,  Lon.,  1856;  H.  M.  Bouvier's  Familiar  As- 
tronomy, Phil.a.,  1857.  1.  The  Solar  System,  Lon.,  1846, 
&c.f  18mo.  2.  Expected  Return  of  the  (jreat  Comet  of 
1264  and  1556,  Svo,  1S48.  3.  Astronomical  Vocabulary; 
an  Exjdan.  of  Terms,  1852,  Svo.  4.  Comets;  a  Descrip. 
Treatise,  1852,  Svo.  5.  The  Illustrated  London  Astronomy, 
1853.  6.  Atlas  of  Astronomy:  see  Johnston,  Alexander 
Keith.  No.  15. 

Hind,  Richard,  D.D.     Serms.,  1755,  '64,  '65. 

Hinde,  Capt.    Descrip.  of  the  Light  Horse.  1778,  Svo. 

Hinde,  Robert.  Prac.  H.Ct.  of  Chan.,  Lon.,  17S6,8to. 

Hinde,  Samuel.     Serm..  Lon.,  1663,  4to. 

Hinde,  or  Hind,  Thomas.  1.  The  Divinity  of  our 
Saviour  Proved  :  serm.  on  John  i.  14,  Oxf,  1717,  Svo. 

Hinde,  Wm.  1.  Substance  of  Serm.  by  J.  Raynoldes, 
Oxf.,  1614,  4to.     2.  Life  of  John  Brucn,  1641,  Svo. 

Hinderwell,  Thomas.  Hist,  and  Antiq.  of  Sear- 
borough  and  the  Vicinity,  York,  1798,  Svo ;  ISll,  med. 
Svo. 

Hindler.     Costs  in  the  C.  P.  of  Lancaster,  1843,12mo. 

Hindley,  Rev.  George.  Memorial  for  Children: 
account  of  the  Conversion,  &c.  of  eighteen  Children, 
1S05;  3d  ed.,  1813,  Svo. 

Hindley,  John  Haddon.  1.  Persian  Lyrics,  ISOO. 
4to.     2.  Pcndeh-i-:itfar,  ISIO,  'IJ,  12mo. 

Hindmarch,  VV.  M.  1.  Supp.  to  Deacon's  Crim. 
Law  of  Eng.,  Lon.,  1S36,  Svo.  2.  Law  of  Patents,  1846, 
Svo.    Snpp.  now  in  Press.    Amer.  ed.,  Harrisb.,  1S47,  Svo. 

"  We  can  honestly  say  that  he  has  ably  and  amply  fulfilled  the 
promise  in  his  Preface  of  producing  a  Treatise  exhibifiug  the  Law 
and  Prnctice  in  all  the  details  of  the  subject  he  has  handled." — 
Lon.  Law  Mug. ;  see  also  10  Jurist,  15U. 

3.  Defects  of  the  Patent  Laws,  1S51,  Svo. 

Hindmarsh,  James.  Diet,  of  Correspondencies, 
&c.  from  the  Works  of  .Swedenborg.  Lon.,  1794.  12mo. 

Hindmarsh,  Robert,  a  printer.  Theolog.  treatises 
of  the  Swedenborgian  School  of  Divinity,  Lon.,  1792- 
1825. 

Hinds,  John.  1.  Groom's  Oracle,  Lon..  12mo;  Phila., 
1835.  12mo.  2.  .Manual  of  the  Veterinary  Art.  Lon..l2mo. 
3.  Rules  for  Bad  Horsemen,  ]2mo.  4.  Veterinary  Surgeon; 
2d  ed.,  1829,  l2mo.  5.  Manual  of  Farriery,  1841,  12mo. 
Amer.  cd.,  by  Thos.  M.  Smith,  with  a  Supp.  by  J.  S.  Skin- 
ner, Phila.  'This  work  and  Dr.Richard  Mason's  New  Pocket 
Farrier  should  he  owned  by  all  interested  in  horses. 

"  Wo  cannot  too  highly  recommend  these  books." — American 
Furiitrr. 

Hinds,  Richard  Brinsley,  Surgeon  B.N.  of  H.  M. 
S.  Sulphur.  1.  Zoology  of  the  Voyage  of  the  Sulphur, 
Lon.,  1843-45,  r.  4to;  vol.  i.  £3  10». ;  vol.  ii.  £1  14s.  2. 
Botany  of  do.,  1844,  4to,  £3  3«.  Mr.  Hinds  accompanied 
Sir  Edward  Belcher  in  his  Voyage  round  the  World  in 
H.  M.  S.  Sulphur,  1836-42. 

Hinds,  Samuel,  D.D.,  Vice-Princ.  of  St.  Alban's  Hall, 
Oxford;  Bp.  of  Norwich,  1S49.  1.  Sonnets  and  other  Sa- 
cred Poems,  p.  Svo.  2.  The  Three  Temjtlcs  of  the  One 
True  God  Contrasted,  1S30  ;  3d  ed.,  1S57,  Svo.  3.  Inspi- 
ration and  Authority  of  Scripture,  1831,  Svo.    4.  Scripture 


HIN 


HIT 


and  tbo  authorized  Version  of  Scripture,  1S53,  12mo.  5. 
Catechist's  Maiiuiil,  2d  ed.,  1855,  12mo. 

"  LearneJ.  pious,  and  practical." — Bickr.rstHh's  C.  S. 

6.  Ilist.  of  Christianity,  1S29,  2  vols.  8vo;  1846,  *50, 
'53,  8vo.  Division  i.  pub.  separately  in  1  vol.  8vo.  Ori- 
ginally pub.  in  Encyc.  Metropol.  See  British  Critic, 
V.  135. 

"  Erudite  research  is  here  combined  with  independent  thought. 
The  historical  narrative  tlows  gracefully  along.  A  certain  agree- 
able tone  of  generous  and  liberal  feeling  pervades  the  work." — 
Scottish  Guardian. 

"An  admirable  compend,  frank  and  liberal." — XTnitcd  Freshy. 
Mag. 

Hingeston,  II.  Dreadful  Alnrm  upon  the  Clouds 
of  Heaven  mixed  with  Love,  Exeter.  1703.  Svo.  It  has 
been  suggested  that  this  vol.  should  accompany  Stubbes's 
Anatomie  of  Abuses. 

Hiii§:ham,  Sir  Ralph  de.     See  IIcNcn.vM. 
Hinkley,  E.     Act-s  of  the  Assembly  of  Maryland  on 
the  Subject  (.f  Attachment,  Bait..  IS-'iB.  Svo. 

Hiiiton,  Benjamin.  Eighteen  Serms..Lon., 16.^0. 4to. 
Hintoi),  Isaac  Taylor,  a  brother  of  John  Howard 
HiNTON,  post.     History  of  Baptism.   Phila..   ISIO,  12mo. 
Revised  by  J.  Hnward  Hinton,  Lon.,  1S41,  12mo. 
Hinton,  James.     Vindic.  of  Dissenter.^,  1792,  Svo. 
Hinton,  .lohn.     Serm..  Lon.,  1685.  4to. 
Hinton,  Sir  .lohn.     Memoires  of  Sir  John  Hinton, 
Pliysician-in-Onlinary    to    his    Majes tie's    Person,    1629, 
Lon.,  1S14.  12inn.     100  copies  printed. 

Hinton,  John  Howard,  minister  of  the  Baptist 
congregation,  Devonshire  Square,  Bishopgate  Street,  has 
acquired  considerable  reputation  both  as  a  preacher  and 
as  an  author.  In  addition  to  many  theological,  biogra- 
phical, and  other  works,  he  has  given  to  the  world  The 
History  and  Topography  of  the  United  States  of  N.  Ame- 
rica, from  their  First  Discovery  and  Colonization  to  1826. 
By  J.  H.  IL,  assisted  by  several  literary  gentlemen  in  Eu- 
rope and  America.  100  Maps  and  Plates.  Pub.  in  Nos. : 
finished  in  1832,  2  vols.  4to;  N.  York,  revised  by  S.  L. 
Knapp,  1834,  8vo.  New  ed.,  Lon.,  1842.  2  vols.  4to;  also 
1S43,  2  vols.  imp.  Svo.  Amer.  ed.,  with  Continuation, 
edited  by  John  Overton  Choules,  D.D.,  q.  v.  See  Revue 
Encyclopedique,  Paris:  Lon.  Evangel.  Mag.,  June.  1832: 
and  see  notices  of  Mr.  Hinton,  in  the  Metropolitan  Pulpit; 
Men  of  the  Time,  1856. 

Hinton,  \Vm.     Life  and  Meditations,  1665,  4to. 
Hioan,  G.  R.     Thoughts  on  Prophecy,  1808,  Svo. 
Hippesley,  Colonel  George.  Expedition  to  Vene- 
zuela in   1817,  Lon.,  1819,  Svo.     See  Blackwood's  Mag., 
Sept.  1819.     This  is  the  book  used  by  Byron  as  a  narcotic 
after  dinner: 

"  Fleti'her,  his  valet,  brought  it  regularly  with  the  table-cloth. 
Its  soporific  (lualities,  he  amusingly  remarked,  were  truly  asto- 
nishing, surpassing  thoseof  any  ordinary  narcotic:  the  perusal  of 
a  few  pages  sufiiced  tu  lull  him  asleep,  and  obtained  him  a  favour- 
able siesta  when  indisposed,  or  in  bad  humour  with  himself."' — 
Voyage  frmn  Lfghoi-n  to  O^jyJialoiua  with  Lord  Byron,  by  J.  H. 
Browmr :  Slackiuood's  Mag..,  Jan.  1S34. 

Hippesley,  J.  H.  Chapters  on  Early  English  Litera- 
ture, Lon.,  1837,  p.  Svo. 

"Tbereis  throughout  this  volume  much  knowledge,  correct  and 
tasteful  criticism,  and  familiarity  with  the  subject.  We  do  not 
know  a  better  introduction  to  the  study  of  our  old  poets." — Lon. 
Omt.  Mug. 

Hippisley.     Essays  on  Africa,  Lon.,  1764,  Svo. 
HippisIey,Sir  John  Coxe,  MP..  LL.D.,  1765-1825, 
pub.  several  speeches,  political  tracts,  1806-13,  and  a  trea- 
tise on  Prison  Discipline  in  1823. 

Hiqua>us,  Antonius,  an  Irishman.  Com.  in  Lib. 
quartum  Sententiarum  Scoti,  Lugd.,  1639. 

Hiraethoc,  t-rultyd.  On  Synnwyr  pen  Kembero 
ygyd,  WedyrgynnuU ;  ci  gynnwys  aegyfansoddi  mewn 
crynobad  ddus}>arthus  a  threfnodic  awedrwy  ddyual 
ystryw.  Gruffyd  Hiraethoc  prydydd  o  wynedd.  Is.  Comvy, 
Lon.,  by  Nycholas  Hyll,  Svo.  The  poet  whose  name  is 
attached  to  this  collection  of  British  Proverbs — Gruflfyd 
Hiraethoc — flourished  about  1500,  in  North  Wales. 

Hird,  \Vm.,  M.D.  Profess,  treatises,  Ac,  1751, '53, '81. 
Hirst,  Ans^usta  Ann.  Helen  ;  a  Tnle,  1807,  2  vols. 
Hirst,  Henry  B,,  a  native  of  Philadelphia,  and  a 
member  of  the  Bar  ()f  that  city,  commenced  his  career  as 
an  author  by  poetical  contributions  to  Graham's  Magazine, 
which  met  with  public  favour  and  were  widely  copied  into 
the  journals  of  the  day.  He  has  since  published  three 
volumes,  viz.:  1.  The  Coming  of  the  Mammoth,  The  Fu- 
neral of  Time,  and  other  Poems,  Bost.,  1845.  2.  Endy- 
mion,  a  Tale  of  (i recce ;  a  Poem  in  four  Cantos,  1848. 
3.  The  Penance  of  Roland,  a  Romance  of  the  Peine  Forte 
et  Dure;  and  other  Poems,  1849.  For  critical  notices  of 
these  works  we  refer  the  reader  to  Griswold's  Poets  and 


Poetry  of  America;    Duyckincks'    Cyclopedia  of  Amer. 
Literature;  ami  Pt)6's  Literati. 

Hirst,  WiUiam,  Master  of  the  Free  School,  Hert- 
ford. Necessity  and  Advantages  of  Education,  Lon., 
1728,  sm.  Svo. 

Hirst,  Rev.  William.  1.  A  Fire-Ball  seen  at  Horn- 
sey  ;  Phil.  Trans.,  175  4.  2.  Ingress  of  Venus ;  Phil.  Trans., 
1769. 

Hisinger.  1.  The  Stone  Pyrophysalite;  Nic.  Jour., 
1808.     2.  Niccolanum;   Thorn.  Ann.  Philos.,  1813. 

Hitchcock,  David,  a  shoemaker,  b.  1773,  at  Bethlem, 
Litchfield  county,  Conn.,  pub.  in  1805,  at  Boston,  a  vol.  of 
Poetical  Works,  the  chief  poem  of  which — The  Shade  of 
Plato;  or,  A  Defence  of  Religion,  Morality,  and  Govern- 
ment— has  been  thought  to  possess  considerable  merit. 
See  Duyckincks'  Cyc.  of  Amer.  Lit.;  Autobiography  pre- 
fixed to  Hitchcock's  Poetical  Works. 

Hitchcock,  Edward,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  an  eminent  geo- 
logist, b.  at  Deerfield,  Mass.,  May  24,  1793,  became  prin- 
cipal of  an  academy  in  his  native  town  in  1816,  and 
retained  this  situation  for  three  years,  when  he  was 
ordained,  and  subsequently  was  pastor  of  the  Congrega- 
tional church  at  Conway,  Mass.;  Professor  of  Chemistry 
and  Natural  History  in  Amherst  College,  1825;  appointed 
to  make  a  Geological  Survey  of  Massachusetts  in  1830, 
and  again  in  1837;  President  of  Amherst  College,  and 
Professor  of  Natural  Theology  and  Geology,  18t4;  Agri- 
cultural Commissioner  for  Massachusetts,  to  visit  the  Agri- 
cultural Schools  of  Europe,  1850.  In  1854  Dr.  Hitchcock 
was  induced  by  increasing  bodily  infirmities  to  resign  the 
Presidency  of  Amherst  College  ;  but  he  still  retains  (1858) 
the  Chair  of  Natural  Theology  and  Geology.  He  was 
succeeded  in  the  presidency  by  the  Rev.  Dr.  William  A. 
Stearns.  Among  Dr.  Hitehcock's  early  literary  labours 
were  the  preparation  of  an  almanac  for  four  years,  (1SI5- 
18,)  and  the  composition  of  a  Tragedy  pub.  in  1815,  en- 
titled The  Downfall  of  Buonaparte.  He  has  since  then 
given  to  the  world  a  number  of  wnrks  which  have  ctrn- 
fcrred  upon  him  a  distinguished  reputation  both  in  Eumpe 
and  America.  1.  Geology  of  the  Connecticut  Valley.  1823. 
2.  Catalogue  of  Plants  within  Twenty  Miles  of  Amherst, 
1829.  3.  Dyspepsia  Forestalled  and  Resisted,  1830.  4.  An 
Argument  for  Early  Temperance.  Reprinted  in  London. 
5.  First  Report  on  the  Economic  Geology  of  Massachu- 
setts, 1832.  6.  Report  on  the  Geology,  Zoology,  and 
Botany  of  Massachusetts,  with  Plates,  1833,  Svo;  2d  ed., 
1S35,  Svo. 

"To  Massachusetts  belongs  the  honour  of  having  made  the  first 
complete  geological  survey  of  a  whnlo  state  under  the  authority 
of  government ;  the  surveys  of  this  nature  in  Europe  haviue  been 
made  by  individual  exertion,  and  seldom  or  partially  accomplished 
by  the  aid  of  goverument." — N.  Anier.  I\ei\,  xlii.  422-44S,  q.  v.,  by 
C.  T.  Jachson. 

7.  Report  on  a  Re-examination  of  the  Economical  Goo- 
logy  of  Massachusetts,  1838,  Svo.  See  N.  Amer.  Rev., 
xlvii.  250-253.  S.  A  Wreath  for  the  Tomb,  1S39.  Re- 
printed in  London,  1842,  fp.  Svo,  with  a  Recommendatory 
Preface,  by  J.  Pye  Smith,  D.D. 

"The  Wreath  for  the  Tomb  is  a  very  remarkable  work.  The 
select  passages  are  appropriate,  and  of  a  tendency  harmonizing 
with  the  othei  parts  of  the  volume  ;  but  the  Irermon  and  the  Jis- 
say  are  the  things  which  give  to  this  little  volume  its  extraor- 
dinary value." — Lon.  Cbiigreg.  Mag. 

9.  Elementary  Geology,  1840,  12mo;  2d  Lon.  ed.,  by  J, 
Pye  Smith,  D.D.,  lS41,"cr.  Svo;  Sth  Lon.  ed.,  1S49.  p.  Svo. 
New  Amer.  ed.,  revised  and  enlarged,  with  Dr.  J.  P.  Smith's 
Preface,  1854,  12mo,  pp.  416. 

"It  is  an  admirable  work,  and  has  been  my  carriage-companion 
for  some  time." — Br,  G.  A.  Mantell:  LHfcr  to  Dr.  Hitchcock: 

"  ProfL'Ksor  Hitchcock's  excellent  work  on  Elementary  Geology." 
— Dr.  Uijckland  :  Address  before  the  London  GcoUig.  Soc,  1841. 

"I  shall  recommend  it  in  mv  Lectures." — Prof.  B.  Silliman, 
LL.D.,  of  I'ab'  College:  Letter  to  Dr.  Hitchcock. 

And  see  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  lii.  103-109,  by  S.  L.  Dana; 
Ivi.  435-451,  by  C.  B.  Adams;  Eclec.  Rev.,  4th  Ser.,  xi. 
216. 

10.  Final  Kepf^rt  on  the  Geology  of  Massachusetts,  1S41, 
2  vols.  4to,  pp.  831,  plates  55.  See  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  Ivi, 
435-451.  11.  Fossil  Footsteps  in  the  United  States,  1S48. 
12.  Hist,  of  a  Zoological  Temperance  Convention  in  Cen- 
tral Africa,  1850,  ISmo;  1854,  16mo.  13.  Religious  Lects. 
on  the  Peculiar  Phenomena  of  the  Four  Seasons,  1850, 
12mo;  1853,  12mo.  These  Lectures  were  delivered  to  the 
Students  of  Amherst  College  in  1845,  '47,  '48,  '49.  14.  The 
Religion  of  Geology  and  its  Connected  Sciences,  1851, 
12mo.  Two  eds.  pub.  in  London,  1851,  p.  Svo  and  12mo. 
New  Lon.  ed.,  1855,  12mo. 

'•  A  work  eminent  for  candor,  science,  and  learning,  which  re- 
conciles .seeming  difficulties,  and  adds  to  the  general  character  of 
the  sut'ject  discussed  by  great  force  aud  beauty  of  style." — PRESl- 
1  DEM  KiNGj  of  Columbia  College. 

851 


HIT 


HOA 


Eclec  Rev.  4th  Ser.,  xxxi.  4fi8.     J5.  Report  on  I  Letter  to  Mr.  Fleetwood,  occasioned  hy  his  late  Es?av  ( 

isTi   ,o  "      "'^.^"'■''P^'  18»1-     16.  Memoir  of  |  Miracles.  1702,  4to,  which  we  have  already  noticed :   s 

1,  JbSl,l^mo.    li.  Lects.  on  Diet,  Kegjmcn,  and   -Fleetwood,  William,  D.D.     This  was  followed  bv  Tl 


See  also  Eclec.  Ri 
the  Agricu 
Mary  Lyon, 

Em|jloyment,  12mo;  being  an  enlarged  cd.  of  No.  3.  18 
Outlines  of  Ihe  Geology  of  the  Globe,  and  of  the  United 
States  in  Particular,  1853,  8vo.  19.  Religious  Truth  Illus- 
trated from  Science,  Boston,  1857,  12mo.  20.  Illustrations 
of  Surface  Geology,  pp.  155, 12  plates:  pub.  by  Smithsonian 
Institution,  Washington,  1856.  4to.  21.  Rep.  to  the  Govt, 
of  Massachusetts  on  the  Ichnology  of  N.  England,  pp.  200, 
60  plates,  4to.  To  Dr.  Hitchcock  we  are  also  indebted  for  an 
Introduc.  to  Dennis  Croftou's  Genesis  and  Geology.  Bost,, 
16mo;  and  an  Introduction  to  anewed.  of  the  Plurality  of 
Worlds,  1855,  12mo.  See  BnEWSTEn,  Sm  David,  LL.D. 
and  K.II.  In  addition  to  these  labours,  he  has  pub.  eight 
Addresses,  a  number  of  Sermons  and  Tracts,  and  contri- 
buted about  forty  scientific  papers  to  Silliman's  Journal, 
several  articles  to  the  American  Biblical  Repository  on  the 
Connexion  between  Religion  and  (ieology,  &c.,  and  has 
also  contributed  to  the  Bibliotheca  Sacra,  Ac.  The  reader 
must  not  fail  to  peruse  Ihe  papers  in  the  American  Biblical 
Repository,  V.  439;  vi.  2B1;  vii.  448;  i.'!.  78  ;  x.  328  ;  .\i.  1. 
See  also  the  articles  on  the  Geology  of  Massachusetts,  in 
Amer.  Jour,  of  Sci.,  i.  106,  xxii.  1 :  and  see  Amer.  Jour. 
of  Sci.,  xli.  232 ;  Westm.  Rev.,  xxxviii.  40. 

Hitchcock,  Enos,  D.D.,  d.  1803,  aged  58,  minister 
of  Providence,  R.I.,  grad.  at  Harvard  Coll.,  1767,  pub.  a 
work  on  Education.  1791),  2  vols.  12ino,  an  Essay  on  the 
Lord's  Supper,  and  four  acrms.,  1793-1800. 

Hitchcock,  Ethan  Allen,  General  U.S.  Army,  a 
distinguished  soldier,  b.  1798,  at  Vergennes.  Vermont",  re- 
linquished the  sword  for  the  pen  in  1855.  1.  Remarks 
upon  Alchemy  and  the  Alchemists,  Bost.,  1857.  12mo.  2. 
Swedenborg  a  Hermetic  Philosopher,  N.Y.,  1858,  12mn. 
See  Appleton's  New  American  Cyclopaedia  for  a  bio- 
graphical account  of  General  Hitchcock. 

Hitchcock,  Gad,  D.D.,  d.  1803,  aged  85,  minister 
of  Pembroke,  Mass.,  grad.  at  Harvard  Coll.,  1743,  pub. 
five  serms.,  1757,  '71,  '74,  '79. 

Hitchcock,  Henry.  The  Alabama  Justice,  1822,  8vo 
Hitchcock,  J.     Poems,  1812,  8vo. 
Hitchcock,  John.     A  Sanctuary  for  Honest  Men; 
or,  sin  Abstract  of  Human  Wisdom,  Bon.,  1617,  8vo 

Hitchcock,  or  Hichoek,  Robert,  of  Caverfield, 
Buckingham,  a  Captain  during  the  Wars  in  the  Low 
Countries  in  1586.  1.  A  Pollitique  Piatt,  Lon.,  1580,  4to 
This  13  an  historical  tract.  Ililibert,  3910,  £1  13s.  2.  The 
QuintesenceofWit;  trans,  out  of  the  Italian  tunf,  1590  4fo 
Hitchcock,  Robert.  Historical  View  of  the  Irish 
Stage.  Dubl.,  1788-94.  2  vols.  12mo. 

Hitchcock,  Thomas,  D.D.  Serm.,  2  Pet.  ii.  5,  Oxf., 
1761.  8\'0. 

Kitchener,  Wm.  H.      Plays.  Novels.  Ac,  1804-14 
Hitchui,  Charles.     1.  Lett,  to  Mr.  Hoadley,  Norw., 

1711,  8vo.     2.  Receivers  and  Thief-Takers  of'Loudon, 

Ac,  Lon.,  17IS.  4to. 

Hitchin,  Edward.  On  Infant  B.aptism,  Lon.,  1710 
Svo.  ' 

Hitchin,  Edward.     Serms.,  &c.,  1752-72. 

Hitchins,  Fortesciie.  1.  The  Sea-Shore;  with 
other  Poems,  1810,  8vo.  2.  The  Hist,  of  Cornwall;  edited 
by  Samuel  Drew  Helston.  1824,  2  vols.  4to. 

Hitchins,  Rev.  Malachi.  1.  Silver  found  in  Her- 
land  Copper  Mine  ;  Phil.  Trans.,  1801.  2.  Roman  Urn  dis- 
covered in  Cornwall;  Archaiol.,  1803. 

Hitchmugh.  Richard.  Serms.,  York,  1722,  both  Svo. 

Hitt,  Thomas.  1.  Treatise  of  Fruit-Trees,  Lon  , 
1753,  8vo;  3d  ed.,  1768,  8vo. 

•■  His  tr.  ntiss  ou  fruit-trees  was  much  esteemei."—B<maMson's 
Agrtciilt.  Bv><j. 

2.  A  Treatise  of  Husbandry,  1760,  8vo. 

"The  author  wiiles  very  pertinently  on  enclosing  waste  lands, 
bnngmg  the  arounds  into  cultivation,  .-ind  the  raising  of  tim- 
ber-trees   —Umaldsmi  s  Agricult.  Bing. 

Hind,  or  Hinst,  John.  The  Storie  of  Stories  ;  or, 
the  Life  of  Christ,  Lon.,  1632,  8vo. 

Hoadly,  Benjamin,  D.D.,  1676-1761,  a  native  of 
Westerham.  Kent,  admitted  of  Catherine  Hall,  Cambridt-o 
1691.  of  which  he  became  Fellow  and  Tutor;  Lecturer  "of 
St.  Mildred.  London,  1701  ;  Rector  of  St.  Peter-le-Poor 
London,  1704;  Rector  of  Streatham,  Surrey,  1710;  Bishop 
of  B.angor,  1715;  Bishop  of  Hereford,  1721;  Bishop  of 
SalLsbury,  1,23;  Bishop  of  Winchester,  1734.  Bishop 
Hoadly  pub.  a  number  of  sermons  and  controversial  tracts, 
political  and  theological,  which  were  collected  and  pub  by 
his  son,  John  Hoadly,  Chancellor  of  the  Diocese  of  Win- 
Mz"'  ^  ''°'^'  ''"'"     ^^  "'■'*'  '""■'''■'eJ  attention  by  a 


see 
The 
Reasonableness  of  Conformity  to  the  Church  of  Enu-land, 
1703,  8vo.  which  he  sujijiortcd  by  some  other  tracts.  He 
had  here  for  his  opponent  the  excellent  Mr.  Calamy,  who 
represented  the  Dissenters  of  his  way  of  thinking.  See 
Calamy,  Edmund.  In  1707,  Svo,  Hoadly  pub.  A  Brief 
Defence  of  Episcopal  Ordination  : 

"  I  like  both  the  design  and  doctrine,  as  I  do  every  design  of 
reconcilinj;  religion  with  re.Hson,  or,  where  that  may  not  be  done, 
of  bringing  them  as  near  together  as  possiljle."— Dr.  Middleton. 
In  1735,  Svo,  he  gave  to  the  world  A  Plain  Account  of 
the  Nature  and  End  of  the  Lord's  Supper;  a  Defence  of 
the  same,  1735,  '48,  Svo.  This  eliciteil  a  number  of 
answers,  a  list  of  which  will  be  found  in  Dr.  Home's  Cat. 
of  the  Queen's  Library  at  Cambridge,  and  in  Watt's  Bibl. 
Brit.  Those  who  have  not  time  or  disposition  to  read  all 
these  treatises  can  remember  Mr.  Bickersteth's  hint  that 
Warren  and  Law's  responses 

'•Sufflc-ientlv  show  the  nature  of  and  answer  Bishop  Hoadlj'a 
work." — CItrislian  Student. 

But  the  most  memor.able  warfare  in  which  Hoadly  was 
engaged  was  that  known  as  the  Bangorian  Controversy. 
This  was  elicited  by  a  sermon,  preached  before  the  king 
in  1717,  on  St.  John  xviii.  36 : — "My  kingdom  is  not  of  this 
world :" 

"  The  manner  in  which  he  explained  the  text  was.  that  the 
clergy  had  no  pretensions  to  any  temporal  jurisdictions;  but  this 
w_as_  answered  by  Dr.  Snape,  [Letter  to  the  Bishops  of  Bangor, 
1717.  8vo;]  and.  in  the  course  of  the  debate,  the  argument  in- 
sensibly changed  from  the  rights  of  the  clerzv  to  that  of  princes, 
in  the  government  of  the  church.  Bishop  Hoadly  strenuously 
maintained  that  temporal  princes  had  a  right  to  govern  in  eccle- 
siastical politics.  His  most  able  opponent  was  the  celebrated 
William  Law.  (The  BIshopof  BauKor's  Late  Sermon  and  his  Letter 
to  Dr.  Snapp  In  defence  of  it  answered,  1717,  8vo.]  who.  in  some 
material  pr.ints,  may  be  said  to  have  gained  a  complete  victory." 
The  inquisitive  reader  who  desires  to  master  this  cele- 
brated Controversy  will  find  a  guide  in  a  vol.  entitled  An 
Account  of  all  the  considerable  Pamphlets  that  have  been 
published  on  the  Present  Controversy  between  the  Bishop 
of  Bangor  .and  others  to  1718,  with  a  Continuation  to 
1719,  8yo,  1719-20.  Some  forty  or  fifty  tracts  were  pub. 
upon  this  vexaia  quxitio.  As  an  encouragement  (!)  to  the 
reader  who  is  impatient  to  spend  a  few  winter  eveninn-s 
in  the  digestion  of  this  knotty  matter,  we  quote  the  ex- 
perience of  one  of  our  most  learned  and  acute  of  modern 
literary  critics: 

"A  long  and  celebrated  war  of  pens  instantly  commenced, 
known  by  the  name  of  the  Bangorian  Controversy ;  mana-^ed 
pei-hnps  on  both  sides,  with  all  the  chicanery  of  polemical  writers^ 
and  disgusting  both  from  its  tediousness,  and  from  the  manifest 
unwillingness  of  the  disputants  to  speak  ingenuously  what  they 
meant."  ' 

Then  follows  this  note: 

"These  qualities  are  so  apparent,  that  after  turning  over  some 
forty  or  fifty  tracts,  and  consuming  a  good  many  hours  on  the 
Bangorian  Controversy,  I  should  tind  some  difBculty  in  statin- 
with  decision  the  propositions  in  dispute."— //(,(;,»;i's  r.m^lil 
Hist,  qf  Eiiolatul.  ed.  1S64;  Hi.  24.3-244.  Read  Ihe  whole  of  tliese 
remarks,  whiih  throw  considerable  light  upon  the  subject. 

Bishop  Hoadly's  Sermons  (1754-55,  2  vols.  Svo ;  Dis- 
courses, 4tli  ed.,  1734,  Svo;  and  see  his  collected  Works) 
are  highly  valued  : 

"  Hoadly  Is  very  exact  and  judicious,  and  both  his  essence  and 
style  just,  close,  and  clear." — Da.  Waterlaxo. 

As  reg.ards  style.  Pope  complains  of  his  long  sentences: 
"Swift  for  closer  stvle, 
But  Iloadly  for  a  period  of  a  mile." 
But   the  reader  must  also  peruse  Akenside's  Compli- 
mentary Ode  to  Hoadly. 

Hoadly,  Kenjaniin,  M.D.,  1706-1757,  eldest  son 
of  the  preceding,  and  a  native  of  London,  educated  at 
Ecne't  College,  Cambridge,  wrote  the  famous  comedy  of 
The  Suspicious  Husband,  1747.  Svo;  assisted  Hogarth  in 
his  Analysis  of  Beauty  ;  wrote  Three  Lccts.  on  The  Or- 
gans of  P^espiration,  1737,  pub.  1746.  4to  ;  jmb.  a  medical 
oration,  1742,  Svo;  and  gave  to  the  world,  in  association 
with  Mr.  Wilson,  Electrical  Experiments,  1756,  4to.  See 
Biog.  Brit. ;  Biog.  Dramat. 

Hoadly,  Charles  J.,  State  Librarian,  Connecticut 
Records  of  the  Colony  or  Jurisdiction  of  New  Haven, 
from  M,ay.  1 653,  to  the  Union  :  together  with  the  New  Haven 
Code  of  1656,  Hartford,  ISoS,  Svo.  See  (N.  York)  Hist. 
Mag.,  Oct.  1S5S,  317. 

Hoadly,  John,  D.D.,  d.   1747,  Bishop  of  Leighlin 
and  Ferns,  1727  ;  trans,  to  Dublin,  1729 ;  and  to  the  arch- 
bishopric of  Armagh,  1742.    Occasional  Serms.,  1704-17. 
Hoadly,   John,  LL.D.,  1711-1776,  youngest  son  of 
Bishop  Hoadly,  was  educated  at  Corpus  Christi  College, 


noA 

Cambridge,  became  Preb.  of  Westminster,  and  received 
other  preferments.  I.Love's  Revenge;  a  Pastoral,  1737, 
4to.  2.  Jeiihlha;  an  Onituriu,  1737,  Svo.  3.  Phcebe;  a 
Pastoral,  1748,  8vo.  4.  The  Force  of  Truth;  an  Oratorio, 
1764. 

He  wrote  a  number  of  poems  in  Dodsley's  Collection, 
pub.  his  father':^  works,  (ante,)  and  is  supposed  to  have 
assisted  his  brother  iu  The  Suspicious  Hu.sband.  He  also 
revised  Lillo's  Ardcn  of  Feversham,  wrote  the  5th  act  of 
Miller's  Mahomet,  and  leit  some  dramatic  works  in  MS. 
See  Ciofj.  Dramat. ;   Dodsley's  Collection  of  Poems. 

Hoatlly,   Loammi   Ives,   b.  at  Northford,   Conn., 
179(1.  j^raduatud  at  Yale  College,  1817;  studied  theology 
at  Andovur,  and  was  one  year  Resident  Licentiate  on  tiie 
Abbot  Foundation ;  supplied  the  Old  South  Church,  Boston,  | 
fur  the  most  of  that  year;    for  four  years  pastor  of  the  | 
Waldo    Calvinist    Church,    Worcester,    Mass. ;    has    had  ' 
charge  of  several  churches  in  New  Englan<l ;  was  for  one  I 
year  Winter  Instructor  in  Sacred  Rhetoric  in  the  absence  j 
of  Professor  Porter;  assistant  editor  of  the  Comprehen- 
sive Commentar}'  of  the  Bible;  (see  Aknald,  Richard;) 
edited  the   6th  vol.  of  the  Spirit  of  the  Pilj^rims;  edited 
for  many  years  most  of  the  works  pub.  by  the  Mass.  Sab- 
bath-School Society  ;  author  of  an  Essay  pub.  iu  Tucker's 
work  on  Predestination;  contributor  to  Mothers'  Maga- 
zine, Christian  Spectator,  and  various  religious  publica- 
tions. 

Hoadly,  Samuel.  The  Accidence,  in  Questions  and 
Answers,  Lon.,  I6S3,  1737,  8vo. 

Hoar,  Leonard,  M.D.,  d.  1675,  aged  about  45,  Presi- 
dent of  Harvard  College,  1672-75,  wrote  an  excellent 
letter  to  Josiah  Flint,  giving  him  direction  in  his  studies, 
pub.  in  the  ]\Iass.  Hist.  Collee.  See  Magualia  ;  Mass.  Hist. 
Collec.  vi.  1011-108. 

Hoard,  Samuel,  d.  1657,  Rector  of  Moreton,  Essex. 
1.  God's  Love  to  Mankind  manifested  by  disproving  his 
absolute  Decree  for  their  Bamnation,  1633,  4to.  Anon. 
Answered  by  Bishop  John  Davenant,  Camb.,  1641,  8vo, 
and  by  Dr.  Wm.  Twisse,  Oxf .  1653,  fol.  Hoard's  sermon 
is  very  rarcdy  met  with.  2.  Serm.,  Lon.,  1636,  Svo.  3.  The 
Church's  Authority  asserted  in  a  Serm.  on  1  Cor.  xiv.  40, 
1637,  4toi  and  in  Dr.  Geo.  Hickes's  Tracts,  1709,  Svo,  p. 
190. 

Hoare,  Hon.  Charles.  Divine  Meditations;  with 
a  Daily  Dirertmy,  1S(I4,  12iuo. 

Hoare,  Charles  James,  Vicar  of  Godstone,  Arch- 
deacon of  Surrey,  and  Canon  of  ^Vinchestur,  formerly  of 
St.  John's  College,  Cambridge,  and  Viear  of  Blandford 
Forum,  Dorset.  1.  Serms.  on  the  Christian  Character,  &c., 
1821,  Svo;  3d  ed..  1822,  Svo. 

"Ardent  piety  without  enthusiasm,  dipcretiou  without  coldness,  i 
and  orthodoxy  without  bij;otry.' — Lfti.  Chris.  Observer.  ! 

2.  The  Course  of  Divine  Judgments  :  8  Lects.  in  Advent, 
1S31,  Svo;  1832.  3.  Principles  of  the  Tracts  for  the  Times, 
1S41,  Svo.  4.  Office  of  Public  Infant  Baptism  illustrated 
and  explained,  1S4S,  fp.  Svo. 

"  A  valuable  accession  to  our  popular  theology." — Ck.  of  Eng. 
Qiuxr.  Kev. 

Archdeacon  Hoare  has  also  pub.  several  occasional 
serms.,  &c. 

Hoare,  Kdward,  incumbent  of  Christ's  Church, 
Ramsgate,  has  pub.  The  Scriptural  Princi|des  of  our  Pro- 
testant Church,  Lon.,  1845,  ISmoj  1847,  12moj  and  other 
works. 

Hoare,  George  Richard.  1.  Modern  Europe  in 
Miniature.  1811,  ISmo.  2.  The  Young  Traveller;  a  Tale, 
1812.  ISmo. 

Hoare,  John.     Serms.,  1815,  Svo. 
Hoare,  Nicholas.  Features  of  the  Gospel,  1806,  Svo. 
Hoare,  Peter  Richard.     Treatises  on  subjects  of 
Political  Economy,  1811.  "12,  '13,  '16.     See  Watt's    Bibl. 
Brit. 

Hoare,  Prince,  1755-1834,  Secretary  to  the  Royal 
Academy,  a  p:nnter  and  dramatic  author,  b.  in  Bath, 
England,  wrote  twenty  plays,  several  treatises  on  the  fine 
arts.  Memoirs  of  Granville  Sharp,  Esq..  A:c.,  pub.  1788- 
1828.  See  Biog.  Dramat. ;  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit. ;  Lon.  Gent. 
Mag.,  June,  1835. 

Hoare,  Richard.  A  Journal  of  his  Shrievalty  in 
1740-41,  from  his  own  MS.,  Bath,  1815,  r.  4to.  Privately 
printed  by  Sir  Richard  Colt  Hoare,  Bart. 

Hoare,  Sir  Richard  Colt,  Bart.,  1758-1838,  an 
eminent  antiquary,  the  eldest  son  of  Sir  Richard  Hoare, 
the  first  baronet,  was  the  author  of  several  valuable  publica- 
tions, some  of  the  most  important  of  which  we  have  already 
noticed.  A  list  of  his  works,  with  a  biography  of  the  writer, 
will  be  found  in  Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  July,  1838.     We  instance 


HOB 

the  following: — 1.  The  Itinerary  of  Archbishop  Baldwin 
through  Wales;  trans,  into  English,  and  illustrated  with 
Views,  Annotations,  and  a  Life  of  (iiraldus,  Lon.,  1806,  2 
vols.  4to.  See  Barry,  Girald,  p.  134.  See  also  Edin. 
Rev.,  viii.  399-413.  2.  A  Tour  through  the  Isle  of  Elba, 
1814,  r.  4to.  3.  A  Classical  Tour  through  Italy.  1819,  2 
vols.  4to ;  an  ed.  in  3  vols.  Svo.  See  Eustace.  John 
Chetwopk,  p.  563-564.  4.  The  History  of  Ancient  Wilt- 
shire, 1»10-21,  5  Pts.  imp.  f'd. ;  often  bound  in  2  vols., 
£21 ;  large-paper  copies,  £31  10*.  Sir  Richard  now  com- 
menced, assisted  by  able  coadjutors,  The  Modern  History 
of  South  Wiltshire,  of  which  Pt.  1— The  Hundred  of  Mere- 
was  pub.  in  1822,  and  the  last  portion  in  1843.  Bound  in 
6  vols,  fol,  £42;  large  paper,  £74.  At  tlie  present  date 
(1856)  only  about  20  perfect  copies  remain  in  the  hands 
of  the  publishers, — Messrs.  Nichols  of  Loudon.  These  ihey 
offer  at  £30  for  small  paper;  £60  for  large-paper  copies, 
bound  either  in  5  very  large  vols,  or  in  12  smaller  ones. 
Sir  Richard  did  not  live  to  see  this  great  work  completed, 
nor  was  he  able  to  include,  as  he  had  designed,  the  mo- 
dern history  of  North  Wiltshire.  May  we  not  yet  hope 
for  such  a  supplement  as  he  would  have  rejoiced  to  see? 
His  principal  assistants  in  the  Modern  History  of  South 
Wiltshire  were  the  Lord  Aruudell  of  Wardour,  the  Rev. 
John  Offer ;  H.  Wansey,  Esq. ;  R.  Harris,  Esq.  ;  C.  Bowles, 
Esq.;  AV.  H.  Black,  Esq.;  George  Matcham.  Esq.,  LL.D., 
of  Newhouse;  R.  Benson,  Esq.;  H.  Hatcher,  Esq.;  and 
J.  G.  Nichols,  Esq.  We  have  already  indicated  our  appre- 
ciation of  enlightened  topographical  investigations  of  this 
character  in  our  notice  of  George  Baker's  Hist,  and  Antiq, 
of  Northamptonshire,  p.  103.  Sir  Richard  collected  a 
museum  of  curiosities  of  great  value:  see  Gent.  Mag., 
1846,  Pt.  1,  73.  See  also  Dibdin's  Lib.  Comp.  for  an  ac- 
count of  his  library,  of  which  he  printed  two  partial  cata- 
logues,—Hist,  and  Topog.  of  Italy,  1812,  r.  Svo,  Hist,  and 
Topog.  of  England,  Wales,  Scotland,  and  Ireland,  1815, 
Svo, — both  privately  printed  for  presents :  12  copies  of  the 
former,  25  of  the  latter. 

Hoare,  Robert  J,     Fast  Serm.,  1807. 

Hoare,  Rev.  William  Heury,  late  Fellow  of  St. 
John's  College,  Cambridge.  1.  The  Harmony  of  the  Apo- 
calypse, «tc.,  Lon.,  1848.  r.  Svo.  2.  Outlines  of  Eccles. 
Hist,  before  the  Reformation,  1852,  ISmo. 

Hobart,  Sir  Henry,  Lord  Chief-Justice  of  the  Court 
of  Common  Pleas  temp.  James  I.  Reports  in  the  reign  of 
K.  JaniL'S  I.,  with  some  lew  Cases  iu  the  reign  of  Q.  Eliza- 
beth, Lon.,  1641,  4to;  1650.  '71,  '78,  '83,  fob  New  ed., 
with  addits.,  by  Edward  Chilton,  1724,  fol.  1st  Amer. 
from  the  last  English  ed.,  by  Judge  J.  M.  Williams,  Bost., 
1829,  Svo.  The  Amer.  ed.  is  on  the  whole  preferable  to 
the  best  English  ed.— that  of  1724:  but  Judge  Williams 
has  unfortunat<;ly  left  out  several  cases  which  he  deemed 
of  not  muc-h  importance  to  the  American  lawyer.  This 
omission  is  to  be  much  regretted,  and  it  involves  the  ne- 
cessity of  purchasing  both  eds.  Professor  Greenleaf  con- 
templated editing  Hobart's  Reports,  but  relinquished  the 
design  and  gave  his  notes  to  Judge  Williams,  who  has 
inserted  them  in  the  early  part  of  his  ed.  See  Judge 
Story's  Miscell.  Writings,  1852,  274  ;  Marvin's  Leg.  Bibl., 
389-390,  and  authorities  there  cited.  An  interesting 
biographical  notice  of  Judge  Hobart  will  be  found  in 
Wallace's  Reporters,  3d  ed.,  1855,  162-167. 

*' A  most  learned,  prudent,  and  religious  judge."' — Lord  Coke. 

"A  great  lo&s  to  the  coramuuity.'' — ^^m  IIknrk  Spelmvn. 

Hobart,  John  Henry,  D.D.,  1775-1830,  a  native  of 
Philadelphia,  descended  from  Joshua  Hobart.  one  of  the 
early  settlers  of  Massachusetts  Bay,  graduated  at  Prince- 
ton College,  New  Jersey,  in  1793,  and  was  appointed  tutor 
iu  that  institution  in  1796;  ordained  by  Bishop  White  in 
1798,  and  stationed  successively  at  Trinity  Church,  Ox- 
ford, All-Saints'  Church,  Pequestan,  Chri.st  Church,  New 
Brunswick,  a  country  parish  at  Hempstead,  Long  Island, 
and  at  Trinity  Church,  New  York  ;  elected  Assistant  Bishop 
of  New  York,  1811  ;  sole  Bishop,  1S16.  He  was  also  Pro- 
fessor of  The()logy  and  Eloquence  in  the  General  Pro- 
testant Episcopal  Seminary.  New  York,  of  which  he  was 
one  of  the  principal  founders.  During  his  ministry  at 
Hempstead,  Long  Island,  he  married  a  daughter  of  the 
Rev.  Dr.  Thomas  B.  Chandler,  the  well-known  advocate  of 
Episcopacy  in  the  early  ecclesiastical  annals  of  America, 
(Tracts,  pub.  1767-74.;  1.  Companion  for  the  Altar,  N. 
York,  1804;  13th  ed.,  1840,  Svo.  Edited  by  Rev.  J.  Col- 
lingwood,  Lon.,  1849,  18mo.  2.  Companion  for  the  Festi- 
vals and  Fasts,  N.York,  1S04;  21st  ed.,  1856,  cr.  Svo. 
3.  Apology  for  Apostolic  Order.  1807.  New  ed.,  1844,  Svo. 
Originally  pub.  as  a  reply  to  the  comments  of  the  Rev. 
John  M.  Mason,  in  the  Christian  Magazine.     4.  Charge  to 

S53 


noB 

'^^  ?<!'!F,'J^^^- J-  ^'•''"'  "f  Departed  Spirits,  &(!.,  new  ' 
od    1S46,  12mo.    Originally  .ippended  to  Nu.  4.    C.  Address 
tu  the  hew  lork  Biljle  and  C.  P.  Boolt  Society,  1815      7 
Tbanksgivmg  Sermon.     8.  Address  to  the  Eiiiseopal  Mis- 
sionary ooeiety,  1S17.     9.  Communicant's  Manual.  32mo. 

10.  Kevis.on  of  Claude  on  the  Composition  of  a  Sermon. 

11.  benns.  on  Redemption,  &c.,  Lun.,  1824,  2  vols.  8vo ; 
N.  York,  1824,  2  vols.  8vo.  12.  A  Discourse  comparing'  the 
U.  Mates  with  England,  Ac,  1826.  8vo  ;  2  eds.  pub.  in  N. 
York ;  Lon.,  1826,  '28,  8vo.  The  2d  N.  York  ed.  has  some 
addit.  notes.  Ki.  The  Clergyman's  Companion,  edit,  by  Bp. 
L.  S.  Ives,  N.  lork;  newed.,  1855,  12nio.  14.  The  Chris- 
tian s  Manual  of  Faith  and  Devotion,  1850,  12mo.  15.  An 
edit-  of  D'Oyly  and  Mant's  Commentary  on  the  Bible, 
1818-20,  2  vols.  4to.  Already  noticed  by  us  :  see  D'Ovlv 
George,  D.D.,  p.  518.  l(i.  Posthumous  Works,  with  a 
Memoir  by  Rev.  Wm.  Berrian,  1833,  3  vols.  8vo.  See  also 
Ihe  Larly,  Professional,  anil  Closing  Years  of  Bishop  Ho- 
bart,  by  Kev.  John  McVickar,  Prot.  Epis.  Press;  also  0.x- 
iord,  1838,  8vo.  with  a  Pref.  containing  a  Hist,  of  the  Ch  in 
America,  by  W  F.  Hook,  D.D.,  Vicar  of  Leeds.  And  see  a 
Memoir  of  Bishop  Hobart,  by  Rev.  Dr.  Sehroeder,  N.  York 
12mo.  '  ' 

Bishop  Hobart  was  a  ze.ilous  advocate  for  the  necessity 
of  Episcopal  ordination,  and  had  (as  we  have  seen)  a  con- 
troversy on  this  subject  with  the  Rev.  John  M.  Mason  D  D 
of  ^ew\ork,andalso(in  lSll)with  the  Rev.  J.  C.  Jones' 
an  Episcopal  clergyman.  Dr.  Mason's  work,  entitled 
Claims  to  Episcopacy  Refuted,  in  a  Review  of  the  Essays 
01  Bp  Hobart,  Ac,  was  pub.,  Lon.,  1838,  ]2mu.  with  an 
Introduction  and  Appendix,  by  the  Rev.  John  Blackburn, 
of  Pentonville.  ' 

''His  Pastoral  Charges  in  defence  of  the  leadini;  doctrines  the 
polity  and  orders,  of  the  Christian  Church,  are  verv°,Hrgnme„tatiTe 
l^LZZT"'"''""^  much  admired.  .  .  .  The  writiugs  of  lip  Hobart 
have  not  been  unappreciated  in  England.  But  his  writiuKs  a  e 
only  a  small  portion  of  the  services  he  rendered  to  his  ge  erftion 
^a'teTbv  D?  nl  ""'  ■■''"■.''■■,"'.''■'  to  ^"te.  His  deeds  arlTabynTr: 
S/I  =^  K  ^"".-■"'v''  J"'^"''™'  f'-'end  and  near  connection  of  the 
deceased  Bishof."— Lowndes's  Brit.  Ub..  656,  833. 

See  Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  March,  1831 ;  New  Haven  Chris. 
Month.  Spec,  i.x.  79 ;  by  L.  Bacon,  ib.  x.  142 

Hobart,  Neheiiiiali,  1648-1712,  minister  of  Newton 
Mass.    pub   .1  sorin.  on  The  Absence  of  the  Comforter. 

Hobart,  Noah,  d.  1773,  aged  67,  minister  of  Fairfield 
Conn.,  pub.  several  serms.,  Ac.  1747-61 

Rp^'"""*  m'  ^•^\^-     "^""'y*'^  "f  ^^""^■■'=  Analogy  of 
Keligion,  N.  York.  ISmo. 

Hobart,  or  Hobert.     See  Hubert. 

Hobbes,  James  R.  Picture  Collector's  Manual, 
adapted  to  the  Professional  Man  and  the  Amateur;  bein^ 
a  Dictionary  of  Painters.  Lon..  1849.  2  vols.  8vo.  This  is 
a  ^^liialde  work.     See  Spooxer,  Shearjashub,  M  D 

Hobbes,  .S.  Trans,  of  Cornelius  Shilander  his  Chi- 
rurgerie.  Ac,  Lon.,  1540,  4to 

hn!^"^'^''^?  h-  ^'honias,  1588-1679,  a  native  of  Malmes- 
bury  A  U»hire,  where  his  father  was  minister,  was  edu- 
len  H„"l1  n'  g''\'"'""-''f''»"l  "fthat  place,  and  at  Magda- 
T  orP  r'  ?t  ^"  """^  ''"  ''^'^•■'">«  domestic  tutor  to 
Lord  Cavendish,  son  of  the  Earl  of  Devonshire,  with 
whom  ho  travelled  in  France  and  Italy.  On  his  return  he 
became  secretary  to  his  ward,  on  his  succeeding  to  his 
fathers  honours;  but  the  death  of  the  former,  fn  1628 
d.sso  ved  a  connexion  which  had  been  maintained  fo; 
leaveL^'"'"'''  ."""^  ""''''''  ""^  "^^^''^  P^^uadcd  again  to 
Cn  ton  ?r,r!'f ."'  "■  <^'^"P,'"'i°"  '»  ">e  son  of  Sir  G°ervase 
Chfton.  In  1631  he  was  solicited  by  the  countess-dowager 
of  Devonshire  to  return  to  England  and  assume  the  care 
of  the  young  earl,  then  thirteen  years  of  age,  .and  he  com- 
plied wih  this  request.  This  arrangement  led  to  a  third 
visit  to  be  Continent,  where  he  resided  with  his  new  pupil 
from  1634  to  1637.  Hobbes  again  returned  to  Paris,  from 
political  apprehensions,  in  1641,  and  remained  there  until 
after  the  publication  of  his  Leviathan.  In  1647  he  was 
appointed  mathematical  tutor  to  the  Prince  of  WaleT 
afterwards  Charles  II„)  then  resident  in  Paris.  Aul', 
the  publication  of  his  Leviathan,  which  appeared  in  1651 
he  returned  to  England,  and  henceforth  passed  his  sum 
mers  at  the  Earl  of  Devonshire's  seat  in  Dcrbysh ire^rd 

a^e^lTn'V  u^-  /"  "'^'  '"'^''"S  ^•"'i°''d  the  great 
age  01  86  he  bade  a  last  farewell  to  London,  and  reared 
to  the  residence  of  his  patron,  the  Earl  of  Devonshire,  in 
De  byshire,  to  spend  the  rest  of  his  days  in  seclusion. 
Here  be  remained  in  "ease  and  plenty,"  devoting  the 
inorning  to  exercise  and  the  afternoon  to  his  studies  " 
until  his  death  in  1679,  in  the  ninety-seeond  year  of  h  s 
age,  and  about  soventy-two  years  from  the  date  of  his  first 
connexion  with  the  illustrious  family  to  three  generations 


HOB 


n/  which  he  had  been  the  object  of  affectionate  care  and 
princely  patronage.  He  was  the  intimate  friend  of  Lord 
Herbert  ol  Cherbury,  Ben  Jonson,  and  Lord  Bacon,  and 
IS  said  to  have  assisted  the  latter  in  translating  some  of 
Ills  works  into  Latin.  An  interesting  account  of  his  habits 
during  his  last  years  will  be  found  in  Bishop  White  Ken 
nets  Memoirs  of  the  Cavendish  Family,  and  detailed 
notices  of  bis  publications  and  literary  controversies  in 
the  authorities  subjoined.  Among  the  principal  works  of 
this  celebrated  philosopher  are— 1.  Hist,  of  the  Pelopoune- 
"f";.,^^"'  ^™-  l^^S,  -34,  '76,  fol.;  1723,  2  vols.  8vo. 
™,>  lUh  H  ;""?,  "'"."u  "''  T^ucydides.  as  he  himself  boasts,  was 
Jl  "eStos  r.-'-wV,"  "'l'  "'  POP"'-"  i;»ver„ment."-S.E  James 
MM  EiNTOsii :  M  Pi-dtm.  Dissert,  tu  Encije.  Brit 

2  De  Mirabilibus  Peeci ;  being  the  Wonders  of  the  Peak 

16o6,  6b  Svo;  1670.410.  In  English  and  Latin,  1678, 
1  B?o  ;  ^'"""e"'*  Philosophia,  sen  Politica  de  Cive,  Paris, 
./.n  vo  ?^'n  ,'"„P"™"'  distribution.  Pub.,  Amst.,  1647, 
50,  60,  69,  12mo.  See  No.  0.  4.  Human  Nature;  or 
the  Fundamental  Principles  of  Policy  concerning  the  Fa- 
culties and  Passions  of  the  Human  Soul.  Lon.,  1650  '51 
12mo.  Ihis  has  been  called  the  ablest  of  his  writings! 
See  ^c  6.  5.  De  Corpore  Politico;  or,  the  Elements  of 
Law  Moral  and  Politick,  1650,  8vo.  See  No  6  6  Le 
viathan  ;  or  the  Matter.  Forme,  and  Power  of  a  Common- 

TfiK.^  y,  ■  ."'"'"r:'  ""'^  •-'"■"''  '''^l'  S™.  f"l-  I"  Latin, 
1668  4to;  Amst.  1670,  4to.  This  work  may  be  called  an 
amplification  of  Nos.  3.  4,  and  5;  and  is  "so  constructed 
as  to  form  a  complete  digest  of  all  his  opinions,  religious, 
moral,  and  theological."  S'"''», 

*l,'J  1°  ]f^  ^X"  '""'PH^  system  of  his  philosophy  was  riven  to 
the  world  in  the  Leviathan.  These  three  works  [.\os.  36  anS  61 
bear  somewhat  the  same  relation  to  one  another  that  the  .tdv   uce^ 

ttev  are  \TX7,t''  '"  '"'M""'"'-'  !>-  Augnientis  Seientl  unH 
tney  are  in  effect  the  same:  the  Sirme  order  of  subjects  the  same 
arguments,  and  in  most  places  either  the  same  words  or  su?h 
variations  as  oe-curred  to  the  second  thoughts  of  the  writer-  but 
much  IS  more  copiously  illustrated  and  more  clearly  put  in  the 
at  er  than  m  the  former,  while  much  also,  from  wh-  fe?er  cause 
'^uZ^%Txs°l  S'-St"^'  -odified.-_i/.««„,,.  L.t']^^^ 
As  regards  politics,  the  Leviathan  advocates  the  un- 
limited power  of  princes ;  the  Leviathan  is  the  boch  politic, 
which  must  be  kept  in  chains  :  in  point  of  morals,  hfs  pr  n! 
cipcs  tend  to  "confound  all  distinctions  between  Hght 
and  wrong,  and  indirectly  to  undermine  the  foundations 
of  all  religion,  natural  and  revealed."  Such  doctrines 
were  hailed  with  delight  by  the  advocates  of  despo  iTm 
and  libertines  of  all  classes  were  glad  to  find  an  apow"; 

ioveH'r'h  ""'"'  .'".■""  '/■■"-'''ings  «f  "■  philosopher  who  en- 
joyed the  reputation  of  a  sage.  The  rapid  circulation  of 
so  dangerous  a  work  elicited  the  watchful  care  of  the 
guardians  of  public  morals  and  the  press.     An  amnsin^ 

fot:"up';n  U^stad''^^  '""''''''  "^  ''^"^  ^  ""P-P''"^ 

mi^|-i,5r^d'^a?t^trS^:!>:s;dt;t'^r 

give  24s.  at  the  second  hand,  and  is  sold  for  30s..  it  being  a  1  ook 
«ie  Ihshop  will  not  let  be  printed  again."_&^(.  3,lmtr,^l7, 

I  «„  Jrf  defenders  were  not  backward  in  exposing  the  ab- 
■',  •T,fo"i'"""'"°™,"'  tendency  of  such  speculations: 
Cudivorth  was  one  of  those  whom  Hobbes  had  roused  bv  the 

i  ^s:7£^ri^:ti,i!r'''' "'  '"^  ''-i-''an."-(^.:^„^jij,» 

I  and  we  have  already  had  occasion  to  notice  his  masterly 

I  I'.Jhl  nV  '^'"'^\^''  ""'it  to  notice  Cumberland's  Do 
j  Legibus  Naturae,  or  Lord  Clarendon's  Survey  of  the  Le- 
viathan. But  at  the  close  of  this  article,  where  we  shall 
have  something  more  to  say  respecting  the  character  of 
Hobbes  s  pohtlcal  and  moral  philosophy,  we  .hall  givea  list 
of^the  principal  opponents  of  his  pernicious  speculations. 
'  Ti,''  ,  "  ■^"""  ^'''"''ty  ''"d  Necessity.  Lon..  1654,  12mo 
ihis  elicited  a  controversy  with  Archbishop  Bramhall  (see 

BnAM„ALL,JoH.x  D.D.,  p.  238)  and  Bishop  Lanev.  Hobbes 
pub.  an  account  of  his  controversy  with  Bramhall,  in  1656, 
4to  and  of  that  with  Laney,  in  1670. 12mo.  8.  Elementorum 
Philosophise:  Sectio  prima,  de  Corpore,  iv.  partibus,  1655, 
/  ',  '°,„?o'''"'''  "'^'''  ■'t"^  Sectio  secunda,  1657,  4to 
Amst,  1668,  4to.  This  led  to  a  twenty  years'  conlrovers; 
between  Hobbes  and  Dr.  W.allis,  Savilian  Professor  of 
Geometry  at  Oxford,  in  which  Hobbes  m.ade  himself  the 
laughing-stock  of  the  mathematicians  of  the  day,  but 
would  never  acknowledge  his  defeat.  He  declared  that 
he  had  discovered  the  quadrature  of  the  circle,  and  all  evi- 
dence to  the  contrary  was  answered  by  the  foulest  personal 
abuse.  In  defence  of  bis  untenable  position,  he  pub.  a 
number  of  treatises  which  gratified  his  spleen  if  they  did 
not  convince  his  opponents.     An  account  of  this  war  will 


HOB 

be  found  in  Disraeli's  Qufirrels  of  Authors.     9.  The  Voyage  1 
of  Ulysses;  or,  Homer's  Odysses.  bocks  ix.,  x.,  xi.,  xii.,  in  ! 
English,  Lon.,  1674,  8vo.    *10.  The  Iliads  and  Odysses  of 
Homer,  in    English,  with  a  Pref.,  1675,  '77,    12mo.     Of 
this  translation,  condemned  by  Pope  and  Beattic,  three 
large  edits,  were  called  fur  iu  less  than  ten  years. 

"Ilis  poetry,  as  well  as  Ogilby's,  is  too  mean  for  criticism." — Pope. 
Pope  declares  that  Hcbbes  continually  lops  off  circum- 
stances, and  now  and  then  omits  whole  similes  and  sen- 
tences. 

"  Thoujrh  called  a  trauslation  of  Homer,  it  does  not  even  deserve 
the  name  of  poem." — Beattie's  Essa;/  on  Piietri/and  Music. 
Hobbes  thus  apologized  for  his  translation  : 
"Why  then  did  1  write  it? — Because  I  had  nothiui;  else  to  do. 
Why  publish  it  ? — Because  I  thouijht  it  mi;xht  take  off  my  adTer- 
earies  from  shewing  their  folly  upon  my  more  serious  writings." 
— Bobhe.'i  to  the  Header. 

11.  Decameron  Phj'siologicum ;  or,  Ten  Dialogues  of 
Natural  Philosophy,  &c.,  167S.  8vo.  12.  Vita  Tliomaj 
Hobbes;  a  Latin  Poem,  1679,  4tu;  in  English  verse,  also 
by  himself,  16S0,  ful. ;  in  prose,  1681.  Svo;  1082,  4to : 
Carolop.,  1681,  Svo  ;  1682,  Svo.  This  Life  was  written  in 
his  85th  year.  13.  Behemoth  :  the  Hist,  of  the  Civil 
Wars  uf  England  from  1640  to  1660,  Lon.,  1679,  Svo. 

"This  history  is  in  dialoj;ue.  and  full  of  paradoxes,  like  all  his 
other  writings.  Morephili^sophical.  political, — or  any  thing,  rather 
than  historical;  yet  full  of  shrewd  observations." — Bishop  War- 
burton. 

14.  Historia  Ecclesiastica  Carmine  Elcgiaco  coneinnata. 
Aug.  Triuob.,  [/.e.  London,]  16SS,  Svo;  iu  English,  entit. 
a  True  Eccles.  Hist,  from  Moses  to  Luther ;  in  verse,  Ac., 
Lon.,  1722,  Svo. 

"Auctor  maxima  contra  Pontiff.  Rom.  ej  usque  potestatem 
disputat.  Patres  Nicnenos  acerbe  perstringit,  monstratque  se  ab 
inditTerentismo  religionum  baud  alienum  est." — Walcu. 

Hobbes  had  pub.  in  Amsterdam,  in  106S,  2  vols.  4to, 
Opera  Philosophica  quae  Latine  scripsit  omnia.  This  is  a 
beautiful  edit.  There  appeared  in  1715,  Lon.,  fol.,  his 
Moral  and  Political  Works,  with  Life.  <tc.,  with  a  Supp., 
by  Dr.  Blackbourne,  &c.  But  a  complete  collection  of  his 
Works,  now  first  collected  and  edited  by  Sir  William  Moles- 
worth,  Bart.,  M.P..  was  pub.  in  1839-45,  16  vols.  Svo.  £8; 
or  The  English  Works,  in  11  vols..  £5  10*.;  Latin  Works, 
in  5  vols.,  £2  Ss.  The  principal  writers  against  Hobbes 
are  Lords  Clarendon,  Sbaftejibury,  and  Kames;  Arch- 
bishops Branihall  and  Tenison ;  Bishops  Cumberland, 
Butler,  Laney,  and  Lucy:  Drs.  Cudworth,  Eachard,  Par- 
ker, Henry  Muore,  Hutcheson,  and  Samuel  Clarke;  Sir 
James  Mackintosh,  James  Harrington,  Dugald  Stewart, 
Smith,  and  Brown.  It  is  almost  needless  to  state  that 
such  an  array  of  talent  was  hardly  necessary  for  the  con- 
futation of  the  sophisms  and  absurdities  which  mingle  so 
strangely  with  the  evidences  of  uncommon  acumen  and 
philosophical  shrewdness  which  so  eminently  distinguished 
the  intellectu.al  speculations  of  this  great  writer.  His  in- 
consistency was  not  confined  to  his  writings;  for  he  was 
in  the  habit  of  the  frequent  reception  of  the  eucharist, 
■whilst  promulgating  opinions  subversive  of  Christianity: 
which  reminds  us  of  his  declaration  that  "  Holy  Scripture 
is  the  voice  of  God,  ruling  all  things  by  the  greatest  right," 
whilst  he  yet  taught  men  to  cast  the  Scriptures  to  the  winds 
at  the  command  of  their  earthly  ruler. 

'■  Thou'iht  is  free."  he  tells  us ;  "  Itut  when  it  comes  to  confession 
of  faith,  the  private  reason  must  submit  to  the  public, — that  is  to 
say,  to  God's  lieutenant." — De.  Give;  ^^viathan. 

The  mischievous  effects  of  his  doctrines  in  his  own 
generation  are  graphically  described  by  Mr.  Macaulay  in 
his  History  of  England,  now  passing  through  the  press, 
(see  vol.  i.  chap.  2  ;)  and  the  philosophers  of  our  own 
day  have  confirmed  the  censure  which  rebuked  the  first 
publication  of  his  errors: 

"  Before  dismissing  the  system  of  Hobbes.  it  may  be  worth  while 
to  remark  that  all  bis  leading  principles  are  traced  by  Cudworth 
to  the  remains  of  the  ancient  sceptics,  by  some  of  wliom,  as  well 
as  by  Ilobbes,  they  seem  to  have  been  adopted  from  a  wish  to  flatter 
the  uncontrolled  passions  of  sovereigns." — Dugald  Stewakt:  \st 
i'rclim.  Dissert,  to  Encyc.  Brit. 

"liobbes  having  thus  struck  the  affections  out  of  his  map  of 
human  nature,  and  having  totally  misunderstood  (as  will  appear 
in  a  succeeding  part  of  this  Dissertation)  the  nature  even  of  the 
appetites,  it  is  no  wonder  that  we  should  find  in  it  not  a  trace  of 
the  moral  sentiments.  Moral  good  he  considers  merely  as  con- 
sisting in  the  signs  of  a  power  to  produce  pleasure;  and  repent- 
ance is  no  more  than  regret  at  having  mis-sed  the  way;  so  that, 
according  to  this  system,  a  disinterested  approbation  of  and  re- 
verence for  virtue  are  no  more  possible  than  disinterested  affec- 
tions towards  our  fellow-creatures." — Sir  James  Mackintosh  :  2d 
Prelim.  Dissert,  to  Encyc.  Brit. 

"  The  political  system  of  Ilobbes,  like  his  moral  system,  of 
which,  in  fact,  it  is  only  a  portion,  sears  up  the  heart.  It  takes 
away  the  sense  of  wrong,  that  has  consoled  the  wise  and  good  in 
their  dangers,  the  proud  appeal  of  innocence  under  oppression, 
like  that  of  Prometheus  to  the  elements,  uttered  to  the  witnessing 
world,  in  coming  ages,  to  the  just  ear  of  lleaven.    It  confounds 


HOB 

the  principles  of  moral  approbation,  the  notions  of  good  and  ill 
desert,  in  a  servile  idolatry  of  the  monstrous  Leviathan  it  createa, 
and.  after  sacrificing  all  right  at  the  altar  of  power,  denies  to  the 
Omnipotent  the  prerogative  of  dictating  the  laws  of  his  own  wor- 
slijp," — HaUanCs  Lit.  Hi&t.  of  Europe,  ed.  1854,  ii.  542. 

See  also  an  able  review  of  the  writings  of  Hobbes,  in 
the  Brit.  Quar.  Rev.,  vi.  155-188;  and  respecting  our  au- 
thor generally,  in  addition  to  the  authorities  just  cited, 
consult  Biog.  Brit.;  General  Diet.;  Burnet's  Own  Times; 
Blount's  Censura  Celcbriorum  Authorum;  Life,  prefi.xed  to 
Wood's  Annals;  Bliss's  Wood's  Athen.  Oson.;  Leiand's 
Deistical  Writers;  Aubrey's  Letters,  1813,  3  vols.  Svo; 
Chalmers's  Biog.  Diet.;  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit.;  Brucker'a 
Hist.  Philos. ;  Cousin's  Course  of  the  Hist,  of  Mod.  Philos. ; 
Mill's  Logic;  Brougham's  Polit.  Philos. ;  Morell's  Hist, 
of  Mod.  Philos.;  Butler's  Lects.  on  Ancient  Philos.; 
Blakey's  Hist,  of  Philos.;  Lewes's  Biog.  Hist,  of  Philos.; 
Landor's  Imaginary  Conversations  ;  Cunningham's  Biog. 
Hist,  of  Eng.;  McCuUoch's  Lit.  of  Polit.  Econ. ;  Black- 
wood's Mag.,  xvii.  736;  xix.  5S3 ;  xxl,  205;  xxviii.  646; 
xxix.  775,  S48. 

A  man  of  such  remarkable  mental  ability  and  uncom- 
mon intellectual  force  could  not  but  command  a  respectful 
hearing,  even  from  those  who  the  most  deeply  regretted  the 
mischievous  character  of  his  speculations.  His  most  illua- 
trious  opponent  approaches  the  lists  not  without  undis- 
guised hesitation  : 

"  Mr.  Hobbes  is  one  of  the  oldest  friends  I  have  in  the  world, 
and  for  whom  I  have  always  had  a  great  esteem,  as  a  man  who, 
besides  his  eminent  learning  and  knowledge,  has  been  always 
thought  a  man  of  probity  and  free  from  scaudal ;  but  wht-n  I  re- 
flected upun  the  mischievous  principles  scattered  through  his 
Leviathan.  I  felt  myself  obliged  to  make  these  animadversions 
upon  it." — Clarcnd"7i's  xSuriri/,  p.  3. 

An  eminent  prelate,  and  a  most  unscrupulous  "man  of 
war  from  his  youth,"  displays  no  indisposition  to  allow 
the  philosopher  all  that  he  could  justly  claim : 

"  Here  let  us  do  justice  to  that  great  man's  memory,  at  a  time 
when  his  writings  seem  to  be  entirely  neglected-  who,  with  all  his 
errors,  we  must  allow  to  be  one  of  the  first  men  of  his  .ige  for  a 
briglit  wit,  a  deep  penetration,  and  a  cultivated  understanding." 
— Bishop  Warbukton. 

Mr.  Mill,  who  was  one  of  the  first  to  call  the  attention 
of  modern  readers  to  the  writings  of  this  philosopher, 
remarks : 

"  Hobbes  is  a  great  name  in  philosophy,  on  account  both  of  the 
value  of  what  he  taught,  and  the  extraordinary  impulse  which  he 
communicated  to  the  spirit  of  Free  Inquii-y  in  Europe." 
To  the  same  effect,  Mr.  Hallam  observes : 
'■In  uolhing  does  Hobbes  deserve  more  credit  than  in  having 
set  an  example  of  close  observation  in  the  philosophy  of  the  hu- 
man mind." — Lit.  Hist,  of  Europe. 

Mr.  Macaulay,  also,  referring  to  the  young  men  of  dis- 
tinguished talents  who  were  sometimes  the  companions  of 
Bacon's  retirement,  remarks  that 

'•  Among  theui  his  quick  eye  soon  discerned  the  superior  abilities 
of  Thomas  Hobbes.  It  is  not  probable,  however,  that  he  fully  ap- 
preciated the  powers  of  his  disciple,  or  foresaw  the  vast  intluenco 
both  for  good  and  evil  which  that  most  vigorous  and  acute  of  hu- 
man intellects  was  destined  to  exercise  on  the  two  succeeding 
generations." — Edin.  Rev.,  July.  1S37 ;  and  in  the  Essays,  ii.  193. 

Again,  in  the  History  of  England,  the  same  learned 
critic  tells  us  that 

'*  Thomas  Hobbes  had,  in  language  more  precise  and  luminous 
than  has  ever  been  employed  by  any  other  metaphysical  writer, 
maintained  that  the  will  of  the  prince  was  the  standard  of  right 
and  wrong." — Vol.  i.  chap.  11. 

''Thomas  Ilobbes.  a  man  of  much  learning,  more  thinking,  and 
not  a  little  knowledge  of  the  world,  was  one  of  the  most  celebrated 
and  admired  authors  of  bis  age.     His  style  is  incomparably  better 
than  that  of  any  other  writer  in  the  reign  of  Charles  I.,  and  was, 
I  for  its  uncommon  strength  and  purity,  scarce  equalled  in  the  suc- 
ceeding reign." — Granger:  Bir^.  Hist,  of  Eng. 
I       The  popularity  of  this  writer  was  undoubtedly  greatly 
I  owing  to  this  remarkable  purity  of  style : 
]      '"A  permanent  foundation  of  his  fame  remains  in  his  admirable 
I  style,  which  seems  to  be  the  very  perfection  of  didactic  language. 
'  Short,  clear,  precise,  pithy,  his  language  never  has  more  than  one 
j  meaning,  which  it  never  requires  a  second  thought  to  take.     By 
j  the  help  of  his  exact  method  it  takes  so  firm  a  hold  on  the  mind, 
1  that  it  will  not  allow  attention  to  slacken." — Sib  James  Mackin- 
tosh :  7tbi  supra. 
\       "His  language  is  so  lucid  and  concise,  that  it  would  be  almost 
■  as  improper  to  piit  an  algebraical  process  in  different  terms  as 
;  some  of  his  metaphysical  paragraphs." — Hallam  :  nbi  supra. 
As  a  political  economist,  also,  the  claims  of  our  author 
are  not  to  be  forgotten  : 

"  Hobbes  seems  to  have  been  one  of  the  first  who  had  any  thing 
like  a  distinct  perception  of  the  real  source  of  wealth." — JlcCuJr 
loch's  Lit.  of  Polit.  Ecoit..,  q.  v. 

With  such  powers  for  extensive  usefulness  to  his  race, 
bow  melancholy  is  it  to  be  obliged  to  record  of  this  great 
philosopher,  in  the  language  of  Hume,  (certainly  not  a 
suspicious  witness,)  that 

'■  Hobbes's  politics  are  fitted  only  to  promote  tyranny,  and  his 
ethics  to  encourage  licentiousness." — Hist,  of  England,  Bowyer't 
€d.,iY.  669. 

855 


HOB 


HOD 


Hobbs,  Stephen,  Margarita.  Chirurgica,  Lon.,  1610, 
12mo.     In  En^di^h. 

Uobby,  \Villiam,  minister  of  Rending,  Mass.,  d. 
1765,  atred  57,  pub.  a  serm.  aud  several  theolog.  treatises, 
1745,  '46,  '47,  '51. 

Hobby.     See  IIoby. 

Uobhouse,  Sir  Benjamin,  1757-1831,  M.P.,  edu- 
cated at  Brazenoee  College.  Oxford,  was  from  1797  to  1818 
a  distinguished  member  of  the  House  of  Commons,  and 
filled  several  important  posts.  1.  Treat,  on  Hereby,  Lon., 
1792,  8vo.  2.  Reply  to  Randolph's  Lett,  to  Dr.  Priestley, 
Ac.,  1793,  8vo.  3.  Enquiry  rel.  to  crime  of  Compassing, 
Ac.  the  King's  Death,  1795,  8vo.  4.  Remarks  on  several 
Parts  of  France,  Italy,  &c.,  1783-85.  Rath,  1796,  8vo.  See 
Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  Oct.  and  Dec.  1831. 

Hobhouse,  Sir  John  Cain,  M.P.,  .son  of  the  pre- 
ceding, was  created  a  peer  in  1851,  by  the  title  of  Lord 
Broughton.  1.  Imitations  and  Trans,  from  the  Classics, 
with  orig.  Poems.  Lon.,  1809,  8vo.  2.  Journey  through 
Albania  and  other  Provinces  of  Turkey,  with  Lord  Byron, 
1812,  4to  ;  2d  ed.,  1813.  2  vols.  4to  ;  with  col'd  plates,  £5  5s. 

"  An  aei-nunt  which,  iulerestiug  from  its  own  excellence  in  every 
merit  (hat  should  adorn  such  a  work,  becomes  ?till  more  so  from 
tbefeelinj;  that  Lord  Byron  is,  as  it  were,  present  throu'jb  itspaiius, 
and  that  we  there  follow  his  first  youlhful  footsteps  into  the  land 
with  whriFp  name  be  has  intertwined  his  own  forever." — Moort's 
Life  f>f  Bijron. 

See  Lon.  Quar.  Rev.,  x.  175-203;  Stevenson's  Voyages 
and  Travels ;  Dibdin's  Lib.  Coinp. 

The  3d  ed.  of  the  Journey  through  Albania,  Ac.  made 
its  appearance  in  1856.  2  vols.  Svo ;  £1  ll)«. 

*'Mr.  Hobhouee'B  account  of  the  country,  as  it  was  the  first,  ia 
Btill  the  best  that  we  poeecss." — Lon.  Lit.  Gazette.,  1866. 

3.  Last  Reign  of  Napoleon,  1816,  2  vols.  Svo.  4.  His- 
torical Illustrations  of  the  fourth  Canto  of  Childe  Ilarold, 
1818,  8vo. 

"He[Loid  Byron]talked  in  termsof  high  commendation  of  the 
talents  and  acquirements  of  Mr.  Uobhouse." — Lady  Blessingtoyi's 
Conversations  uuth  Lord  Byron. 

"  My  friend  II.  is  the  most  entertaininf;  of  companions,  and  a 
fine  fellow  to  boot.'' — Lord  Byron:  M>ore^^  Life  of  Byrrm^  q.  v. 

See  also  Blackw.  Mag.,  xvii.  143  ,■  xxvii.425:  x.x.w.  63; 
Hobhouse's  art.  on  Lord  Byron,  in  Westminster  Review; 
Dr.  R.  S.  Mackenzie's  ed.  of  Noctes  Ambrosian^,  N.  York, 
1855;  hised.  uf  The  O'Doherty  Pap..  1855.  An  article  on 
Sir  John,  with  a  portrait,  will  be  found  in  Fraser's  Mag., 
xiii.  56S;  see  also  Blackw.  Mag.,  xxiv.  375;  xxvi.  252; 
xxix.  654,  663  ;  xxxiii.  425  ;  xxxvii.  442  ;  xli.  840;  Btoon. 

Hobhouse,  Thomas.  1.  Elegy  to  the  Memory  of 
Dr.  Samuel  Jidinson,  Lon..  1785,  4to.  2.  Kingestown  Hill; 
a  Poem,  1784,  4to.  Anon.    2d  ed..  with  author's  name,  1787. 

Hobler,  F.  Liber  Mercatoris;  or,  the  Merchant's 
Manual,  Lon.,  1838,  fp.  Svo.  On  Bills  of  Exchange,  Ac. 
See  2  Jurist,  352. 

Hobler,  F,,  Jr.  1.  Exerci.^es  between  an  Attorney 
and  his  Clerk,  being  the  1st  Book  of  Cuke  upon  Littleton, 
Ac, ;  3d  ed..  Lon.,  1847, 12mo.  2.  Practical  Treat,  on  Bills 
of  Exchange,  fp.  Svo, 

"A  safe  guide  to  the  unpractised  traveller,  as  well  as  of  utility 
to  the  man  of  business." — Lfiu-  Tinux. 

Hoblyn,  Richard  D.  1.  Manual  of  Chemistry. 
Lon.,  1841,  fp.  Svo.  2.  Manual  of  the  Steam  Engine, 
1842,  12mo.  3.  Diet,  of  Medical  Terms,  2d  ed.,  1844, 
12mo  ;  7th  ed.,  1855,  12rao.  Amer.  eds..  by  Isaac  Hayh, 
il.D.,^.  I'.,  p.  809.     4.  Treat,  on  Chemistry,  1844,  12mo. 

"  This  is  an  excellent  compendium." — Lun.  Lancet. 

h.  Diet,  of  Scientific  Terms,  1849,  12mo.  6.  British 
Plants,  1851,  12mo.     7-  Treat,  on  Botany,  1851,  12mo. 

Hobson,  Capt.  Fallacy  of  Infant  Baptism,  Lon., 
1645,  4to. 

Hobsou,  John.  Theolog.  treatises,  Lon.,  17S7,  '90, 
both  8vo. 

Hobson,  Joseph.  Wonderful  Increase  of  the  Seeds 
of  Plants,  e.g.  of  the  Upright  Mellon;  Phil.  Trans.,  1742. 

Hobson,  L.  J«     Circulation  of  the  Scriptures,  1812. 

Hobsou,  Paul.  Extent  of  Christ's  Death,  Lon., 
1655,  Svo. 

Hobson,  Samuel.  Theolog.  treatises.  Lon.,  1S48-50. 

Hobson,  Thomas.     Christianity,  Lon.,  1745,  4to. 

Hoby,  Sir  Edward,  entered  of  Trin.  Coll.,  Oxford, 
1574,  a  man  of  great  learuing,  was  the  son  of  Sir  Thomas 
Hoby.  He  pub.  Purgatorie's  Triumph  over  Hell,  16(t9, 
4to,  and  several  other  theolog,  treatit^es;  for  an  account 
of  which,  aud  their  .author,  see  Bliss's  Wood's  Allien.  Oxon., 
ii.  194-197.  He  was  a  friend  of  Camden,  who  dedicated 
his  Ilibernia  to  him. 

Hoby,  Sir  Thomas,  father  of  the  preceding,  and 

ambas.-^ador  for  Queen  Elizabeth  to  France,  trans.  Casti- 

glione's  Cortegiano  into  English,  under  the  title  of  The 

Courtyer  of  Covut  Baldessar  Caslilio,  Lon.,  1501,  '88,  4to  j 

856 


and  also  trans,  the  Gratulatjon,  Ac.  of  Bucer  into  Eng- 
IieK,  sine  anno,  Svo.  See  Bliss's  Wood's  Athen.  0.\on.,  i. 
352-353.  Respecting  the  first-named  work,  Sir  John 
Cheke  wrote  Hoby  an  interesting  epistle,  in  which  he 
gently  censures  his  use  of  foreign  words. 

Iloccham,  William  of.     See  Occaw. 

Hocclevc,  or  Oceleve,  Thomas,  an  earlv  English 
poet,  a  lawyer,  and  writer  to  the  privy-seal,  i^  supposed 
to  have  been  born  about  1370.  and  to  have  died  in  1454. 
Some  of  his  poems  were  pub.  (never  before  printed)  in 
1796,  4to,  by  Mr.  George  Mason,  from  a  MS.  in  his  pos- 
session. The  Story  of  Jonathan  has  been  thought  his 
best  poem. 

'*  After  the  death  of  Chaucer,  in  1400,  a  dreary  blank  of  lonj: 
duration  occurs  in  our  annals.  The  poetry  of  Iloctleve  is 
wretchedly  bad.  almunding  with  pedantry,  and  de.stitute  of  all 
grace  or  spirit."' — I/allam'.';  Lit.  Hist,  of  Europe. 

See  also  Pref.  to  Mason's  edit. ;  AVarton's  Hist,  of  Eng. 
Poet. ;  Nott's  Dissert,  subjoined  to  the  2d  vol.  of  his 
Wyatt  and  Surrey;  Chalmers's  Biog.  Diet. 

Hochin.  orHocKin,  Rev.  John  Pearce.  Keates's 
Account  of  the  Pellew  Islands,  5th  ed.,  Lon.,  1S03,  4to. 

Hochsteller,  C,  Lutheran  pastor,  T<iledo,  Ohio. 
Ob  Gotles  AVort  oder  Menschen  Meinung  gelten  soil  in 
der  Lehre  vjm  heiligen  Abendrnahle,  N.  York,  1856. 

Hodden,  Richard.  The  one  Good  M'ay  of  God, 
Lun.,  1661,  4to. 

Hodder,  James.     Arithmetic,  Lon.,  1661,  '87,  Svo. 

Hoddesdou,  Henry.  Armory  against  Satan,  Lon., 
1616,  Svo. 

Iloddesdon,  John.  1.  Sion  and  Parnassus,  Ac., 
Lon..  165U,  Svo.     2.  Tbo.  Mori,  Vita  et  Exitus,  1652,  Svo. 

Hodg^e.     The  Scot's  Colony  at  Darien,  1699,  Svo. 

Hodge,  A.  Letters  belonging  to  a  System  of  Book- 
keeping and  Accounts,  1812, 

Hodp;e,  Charles,  D.D.,  an  eminent  theologian,  b.  in 
Philadelphia.  Dec.  2S,  1797.  Professor  of  Biblical  Litera- 
ture in  the  (Presbyterian)  Theological  Seminary  at  Prince- 
ton, New  Jersey,  has  been  connected  with  that  institution 
as  a  professor  since  1822,  and  acted  as  editor  of  the  Biblical 
Repertory  and  Princeton  Review  since  its  establishment 
in  1825.  1.  Comment,  on  the  Epistle  to  the  Romans;  de- 
signed for  Students  of  the  English  Bible,  Phila.,  1835, 
Svo.  Abridged,  1836.  Kepriiit  of  the  Abridgt,  by  the 
Lon.  Rel.  Tract  Soc,  1837,  '53,  12mo. 

"Omitting  a  few  sentences  of  a  local  nature." 

Repub.  in  the  Edin.  Christian's  Fireside  Library,  1854, 
12mo;  15th  Amer.  ed.,  Phila.,  1856. 

"  Very  usefuV—Bickastit/rs  C.  S. 

"  A  book  on  which  the  Christian  world,  both  in  Europe  and 
America,  has  pl.iced  the  stamp  of  approval." — Watchman  and  Ob- 
sarter.  Richmrmdy  Va. 

2.  Questions  to  the  Epistle  to  the  Romans,  designed  to 
accompany  the  Commentary,  1842,  ISmo  ;  10th  ed.,  1S55, 
ISmo.  3.  Constitutional  Hist,  of  the  Presbyterian  Church 
in  the  United  States,  1840.  2  vols.  Svo.  4.  The  Way  of 
Life,  ISmo.  Pub.  by  the  Amer.  S.  S.  Union.  Repub.  by 
the  Lon.  Rel.  Tract  Soc,  1842,  ISmo;  30th  Amer.  ed., 
Phila.,  1856.  5.  What  is  Prcsbyterianism  ?  an  Address 
delivered  before  the  Presbyterian  Historical  Society, 
1855,  18mo.  6.  A  Commentary  on  the  Epistle  to  the 
Ephcsians,  N.  York,  1S56,  Svo. 

"  As  the  reputation  of  Dr.  Hodge  as  a  Biblical  scholar  and  theo- 
logian has  already  been  fully  established,  we  need  only  announce 
a  new  work  fiom  his  pen  to  insure  its  ready  reception.  His 
Commentary  en  the  Ephesians  displays  the  I'ipe  scholarship,  the 
con%'incing  exegesis,  and  the  practicjil  development,  which  im- 
parted such  value  to  his  exposition  of  the  Epi-stle  to  the  Uomans. 
It  is  a  book  fur  the  study  of  the  scholar,  and  yet  most  happily 
adapted  for  the  instruction  of  general  readers,  by  whom  it  shoidd 
be  promptly  purchased.  While  we  do  not  regard  auy  man  as  in- 
fallible, we  know  of  no  one  who  is  a  safer  guide  to  the  study  of 
the  Scriptures  than  J'rofessor  Hodge." — Presbyterian. 

7.  Commentary  on  the  First  Epistle  to  the  Corinthians, 
N.Y.,  1S57. 12mo  :  see  Alexander.  Joseph  Addison,  D.D. 
8.  Reviews  and  Essays  selected  from  the  Princeton  Review, 
N.Y..  1857.  Svo.  See  Home's  Bibl.  Bib.  for  a  descriptive 
account  of  the  valuable  periodical  for  so  many  years  con- 
ducted by  Dr.  Hodge. — The  Biblical  Repertory  and  Prince- 
ton Review.  The  Biblical  Repertory  was  pub.  1825-29 inc.; 
since  then  it  has  been  a  theolmrical  Quarterly,  entitled  The 
Biblical  Repertory  and  Princeton  Review.  Selections  from 
this  journal  have  been  pub.  in  two  vols.,  N.Y.,  Svo,  entitled 
Princeton  Theological  Essays.  One  of  the  volumes  was 
repub.  in  Scotland. 

Hod^e,  John,  a  Dissenting  minister.  1.  Serm.,  Lon., 
1751.  2.  Serm.,  1751,  Svo.  3.  XX.  Serms.  on  the  Evi- 
dences of  the  Christian  Religion,  1758,  Svo.  4.  LIL  Dis- 
courses on  the  Evidences  of  tho  Christian  Religion,  1758, 
Svo. 


HOD 


HOD 


"A  valunhle  set  of  disrourses.  They  are  written  in  a  compre- 
hensive, judicious,  and  nervous  manner,  and  have  Vteen  hii^hly 
spolveii  of  by  good  judges." — W.vlteu  Wilson, 

"  From  the  Extracts  we  have  given,  they  shew  the  Author  to 
be  no  mean  defender  of  Christianity," — Lon.  Month.  Rev. 
5,  Serm.,  17ea,  Svo. 

Hodge,  Paul  R.  1.  Principle?  and  Application  of 
the  Steam  Lnjiine,  Lnn,,  4lo.  2.  Treat,  on  E.vpansive 
Steam  Eiij^ine,  with  plates,  1S49,  4to;  £;i  3«,  plain;  £4 
4s,  col'd;  Amer.  ed.,  N,  York,  letter-pres.=,  Svo,  plates, 
fol.,  $>S,  A  most  useful  work,  which  no  one  interested  in 
steamers  slmuld  Ije  without.  3,  Hydraulic  Table  for  the 
use  of  Kngiuecrs,  Lon.,  IS (9. 

Hodges,  A.  D.  Genealogical  Record  of  the  Hodges 
Family  in  New  England,  Bost.,  1854,  Svo, 

Hotlges,  James.  Tracts  on  Polit.  Economy,  <tc., 
1697-1710, 

Hodges,  Charles.  Original  Poems,  Ac,  Munich, 
1826,  12mo, 

Hodges,  N.  \V.  Masonic  Fragments,  Lon.,  12mo, 
Hodges,  Nathaniel,  M,D.,  d.  1684,  was  noted  for 
his  professional  services  during  the  plague  in  London  in 
166o.  1.  Vindiciae  Medicinge  et  Medicorum,  Lon,,  1660, 
Svo.  2.  Aoi/ioAoyia,  sive  Pestis  nuperae  apnd  ptvpulum 
Londinenscm  gra^santis  Narratio  historica,  1672,  Svo.  A 
trans,  into  English,  by  John  Quincy,  M,D,,  was  pub.  iu 
1721,  Svo,  An  account  of  the  plague,  by  Hodges,  also, 
appeared  in  a  Collect,  of  Pieces  on  tlje  subject,  1721,  Svo. 
Hodges's  descriptions  are  of  great  value. 

'•  lie  obtained  a  great  name  and  practice  among  the  citizens." 
— Bliss's  Wtjud's  Aihen.  Oxoti.  iv.  149,  q.  v.  See  also  Genl.  Diet, ; 
Kees's  Cyc, 

Hodges,  Phineas.  Strictures  on  the  Elementa 
Medicini*'  of  Dr.  Brown,  Goshen,  1795,  Svo.  See  Brown, 
John,  M.D.,  p.  2oS. 

Hodges,  Uichard.  1.  Speciiil  Help  to  Orthogra- 
phic, Lon.,  1643,  4fo.  Hodges  was  the  Noah  Webster  of 
his  day,  and  anticipated  the  modern  spelling  of  many 
words.     2.  Writing  of  English,  1649,  12mo. 

Hodges,  Thomas.    Fast  Serm.,  Lon.,  1642,  4to. 
Hodges,  Thomas,  Rector  of  Kensington.  Jliddle- 
sex.     1.  Funl.  .<erm.,  Lon,,  1655,  4to,     2,  Serm..  1661),  4to. 
Hodges,  Thomas,  Rector  of    Souldern  Serms,  and 
theolug.  treatises,  1656-S5. 

Hodges,  Thomas  Law,  M.P.  The  Use  and  Ad- 
Tantage  of  Pearson's  Draining  Plough,  Lon.,  1S40.  See 
Donaldson's  Agricult.  Bir»g. 

Hodges,  W.  Hist.  Acct.  of  Ludlow  Castle,  Lon., 
1794,  ISd.i,  Svo, 

Hodges,  Walter,  D.D.,  a  Hutchinsonian  divine, 
Provost  of  Oriel  College,  O.tford.  1,  Elihu:  or,  an  In- 
quiry into  the  principal  Scope  and  Design  of  Ihc  Book  of 
Job,  Lon.,  1750,  4to;  1751,  Svo;  3d  ed,,  1756,  12mo.  An 
ed,,  Dubl,,  1756,  Svo. 

"The  chief  design  of  this  curious  work  is  to  show  that  Elihu 
is  the  Son  of  God:  a  discovery  which  the  author  imagines  thi-ows 
great  liglij  on  the  whole  book,  and  solves  all  the  controversies 
which  have  been  agitated  respecting  its  doctrines." — Ormt's  Bibl. 
Bib. 

See  also  Warburton's  Letters  to  Kurd,  p.  22 ;  Lon, 
Month,  Rev.,  0.  S.,  ii.  219-225,  347-352.  2.  The  Chris- 
tian Plan  exhibited  in  the  Interpretation  of  Elohim,  1752, 
4to:  2d  ed.,  1755,  Svo.  See  Darling's  Cyc.  Bibl.,  i,  1504, 
Hodges,  Wickens,  Surgeon,  Funesta,  Passionis 
BiaciE  Historia,  Partiumque  Morbosorum  post  Mortem, 
Anatomia.    Vide  Memoirs  Med,,  1799, 

Hodges,  Wm.  Tracts  rel.  to  Seamen,  Ac,  Lon., 
1694,  '95,  '96,  '99, 

Hodges,  VVm.  1.  Select  Views  in  India,  1780-83, 
Lon.,  1788,  2  vols.  imp.  fol.  2.  Travels  in  India  in  1780- 
83,  4to,  1793. 

Hodges,  Wm.,  of  the  Inner  Temple.  Barristcr-at- 
Law.  1.  Reports  C.  Pleas,  Hil,  to  Mich,  1S35,  Lon,,  1835, 
Svo.  2.  Do.,  H,  T,  1835  to  M.  T.  1837,  3  vols,  Svo,  1836- 
39.  3.  Law  of  Assess,  of  Railways,  Ac,  1843,  12mo.  4. 
Stat.  Law  rel.  to  Railways  in  Eng.  and  Ire.,  1845,  Svo. 
5.  Law  rel.  to  Railways,  Ac,  1847,  Svo.  Amer.  ed.  now 
(1856)  in  course  of  preparation  at  Phila. 

Hodgkin,  John.  Calligraphia  Gra;ca  et  Pa>cilo- 
graphia  Graica.  Lon..  1807,  sm.  fol.  Also  works  on  Gram- 
mar, Geograpliy,  and  Astronomy. 
Hodgkin,  Lt. Thomas,  R.N.  Naval  Discipline, 1813. 
Hodgkin,  Thomas,  M.D.,  of  Guv's  Hospital.  1. 
Preserving  Health,  2d  ed.,  Lon.,  1841.  12mo.  2.  Morbid 
Anatomy,  Svo  :  Vol,  I,,  Serous  Membranes ;  Vol.  II.,  Pt. 
1,  1840,  Mucous  Membranes. 

"It  is  in  every  respect  an  excellent  production." — Brit,  and 
Ibr.  tied.  Iter.,  July,  1837. 

Hodgkius.  E.     Mercantile  Letters,  Lon.,  1S08,  12mo. 


Hodgkins,  George.  Methode  Pratique,  Ac,  Lon., 
1813,  12mo,  This  is  a  reprint  of  Ciret's  Eng,  Grammar, 
with  a<Idits..  Ac. 

Hodgskin,  Thomas.  Travels  in  the  North  of  Ger- 
many, Edin.,  1820,  2  vols.  Svo, 

"Mr.  II.  has  gi\en  us  much  information  on  the  agriculture, 
state  of  society,  political  institutions,  m.anners.  &c,;  intersper.^ed 
with  remarks,  not  in  the  l>est  taste  or  indicating  the  soundest 
judgment  and  principles.  * — Stevensnn's  Voyages  and  Travels. 

"  The  author  of  these  tomes  is  a  man  of  no  small  self  conceit," 
. — Blad.wfX'd's  Mag.,  vi.  536-542;  a  severe  review  of  the  book, 

Hodgson.     Lett.  rel.  to  a  Fishery;  2d  eil.,  1787,  Svo. 

Hodgson.     Con.  to  Med.  Cliir.  Trans,,  1S13. 

Hodgson,  Adam,  of  Liverpool,  England.  Remarks 
during  a  Journey  through  N.  America  in  1819-21,  Ac. 
Collected,  arranged,  and  pub,  by  Saml.  Whiting,  N,  York, 
1823,  8vo,  pp.  355  ;  Lon,,  1824,  2  vols,  Svo. 

*■  His  book  is  creditable  to  his  heart  .and  his  principles ;  we  should 
be  glad  if  as  much  could  be  said  of  his  discretion  and  judgment." 
— Jared  SrAnKS:  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  xviii.  '221-234.  q.  v. 

And  see  art,  America,  by  Rev. Sydney  Smith,  in  Edin. 
Rev,,  xl,  427-442;  and  in  Smith's  Works,  Lon,,  1854,  ii. 
366-385. 

Hodgson,  Bernard,  LL.D,,  Principal  of  Hertford 
College,  1.  Solomon's  Song ;  trans,  from  the  Hebrew, 
0.xf,  1785,  4to. 

"  In  this  work  the  literal  meaning  only  of  Solomon's  Song  is 
illustrated,  there  being  not  the  slightest  allusion  to  its  nii/stical 
meaning.  An  account  of  it,  with  extracts,  may  be  seen  in  the 
Montblv  Review.  (O,  8..)  vol,  Ixxvi.,  pp.  26-29." — Home's  Bibl.  Bib. 

See  Orme's  Bibl.  Bib. 

2.  The  Proverbs  of  Solomon;  trans,  from  the  Hebrew, 
with  Notes,  1788,  4to. 

"  The  translations  of  the  learned  Principal  throw  light  on  many 
passages." — Orme's  Bibl.  Bih. 

"  The  notes  are  not  numerous,  and.  we  must  say,  not  very  im- 
portant."— Lon.  Month.  Rev..  N.  A'.,  v.  2i(4. 

3,  Ecclesiastes :  a  new  Trans,  from  the  original  Hebrew, 
Lon,,  1791,4(0,  See  Lon.  Month,  Rev.,  N.S„  i.x,  59  ;  Home's 
Bill],  Bib.,  1839,  2S2-283  ;  Orme's  Bibl,  Bib.,  1824,  242-243. 

Hodgson,  Christopher.  1.  Instruc,  for  the  use  of 
Candi<lates  for  Holy  Orders,  Ac,  1S18,  Svo;  7th  ed.,  1850, 
Svo,  2.  Augmentation  of  Small  Livings,  Ac,  1826,  Svo; 
2d  ed.,  1845,  Svo.  Mr.  H.  has  also  pub.  several  serms. 
and  theolog,  treatises. 

Hodgson,  E.  Reports  of  Trials  at  Old  Bailey,  1790-91. 

Hodgson,  Francis,  Provo.^t  of  Eton  College,  and 
Rector  of  Cotlesford,  Cxford,  d.  1852,  aged  71,  well  known 
as  the  friend  of  Lord  Byron,  pub,  a  trans,  of  Juvenal,  1808, 
4to;  Poems,  1809,  Svo;  Mythology  for  Versification,  4 
edits,;  Sacred  Lyrics,  1842,  12mo;  Lyricorum  Sacrorum, 
1850,  Svo  ;  and  some  other  works.  See  Lon.  Gent.  Mag., 
April,  1.S53;  Moore's  Life  of  Byron, 

Hodgson,  Francis,  D.D.,  of  the  Penn.sylvania  Me- 
thodist Conference.  ].  An  E.\am,  into  the  System  of  New 
Divinity,  or  New  School  Theology,  N,  Y'ork,  2.  The  Ec- 
clesiastical Polity  of  Methodism  Defended,  ISmo,  3,  The 
Calvinistic  Doctrine  of  Predestination  Examined  and 
Refuted,  Philadelphia,  1855,  18mo, 

Hodgson,  George.  Letter  to  the  Inhabitants  of  St. 
Marygate,  Ac,  York,  1S36,  Svo. 

Hodgson,  H.  J.  1.  Analyt.  Digest  of  the  State  rcl. 
to  Orders  of  Removal,  Lon.,  1845,  12mo.  2.  Rating  of 
Railways,  1851.  ]2mo. 

Hodgson,  Rev.  Henry,  M,D,  1.  Letters  on  Popery, 
1778,  Svo.  2.  Serms.,  1778,  Svo.  3.  Effusions  in  Verse 
and  Prose,  1779,  Svo. 

Hodgson,  Isaac.     1.  Grammar,   1770,   '96,  12mo. 

2.  Serm.,  1S04, 

Hodgson,  James,  master  of  the  Royal  Mathemat. 
School  in  Christ's  Hospital,  1,  Treat,  on  Navigation,  1766, 
4to.  2.  Matheniaticks,  1723,  2  vols,  4to.  3.  Fluxions, 
1736,  4to.  4.  Annuities,  1747,  Svo.  5.  Theory  of  Ju[>iter'3 
Satellites,  1750,  4to,  6,  Chronology,  7.  Astronom,  papers 
in  Pliil.  Trans.,  1731-49. 

Hodgson,  John.  Report  of  the  Trial  of  Wemms, 
Ac.  B..st.,  1770,  Svo. 

Hodgson,  John.  Ancient  Cornelian  :  Archa?ol.,  177^ 

Hodgson,  John.  1,  Poems,  Lon.,  1807,  Svo.  2.  Seim., 
1812. 

Hodgson,  or  Hodson,  John,  D.D.  Serms.,  1819, 
Gla-g.,  both  Svo, 

Hodgson,  John.     Funl.  Serm,,  Lon.,  1S20,  Svo. 

Hodgson,  John.  Memoirs  of  the  Lives  of  Gibson, 
J.  llarle.  J.  Horsley,  and  W.  Turner,  Newc,  1821,  sm.  Svo. 
100  copies  privately  printed  for  the  author. 

Hodgson,  John.  Hist,  of  Northumberland,  4to, 
and  large  paper,  r.  4to :  vol,  i,,  Pt,  2,  1827;  Pt.  3.  1S20  : 
vol.  ii.,  Pt.  3,  1832  :  Pt.  3,  1823 :  vol.  iii.,  Pt.  2,  1841 ;  Pt. 

3,  1835,  (incomplete.) 


HOD 

Hodgson,  Joseph,  Surgeon.  \.  Diseases  of  the 
Arteries  and  Veins,  Lon.,  1815,  8vo.  2.  Engravings  to 
do..  1«15,  4lo. 

Hodgson,  Lucas,  M.D.  Fire  in  a  Coal  Mine :  Phil. 
Trans.,  1676. 

Hodgson,  Read.  Honest  Man's  Companion,  New- 
castle-u]:.on-T.vne,  17.36,  Svo.  Very  rare.  Mr.  Brand,  the 
hi.stiirian  of  Newcastle,  was  unable  to  procure  a  copy. 

Hodgson,  Uobert,  D.D,,  Dean  of  Carlisle,  1S20,  d. 
1844,  was  a  nephew  of  Bishop  Porteus.  1.  Serm.,  Lon., 
'1803,  8vo.  2.  Serm.,  1804,  4to.  3.  Serm.,  1807.  4.  Serm., 
1811.  6.  Serm.,  1816.  6.  Serm.,  1842.  7.  Life  of  Bp. 
Porteus,  1811,  Svo.  8.  Vl'orks  of  Bp.  Porteus,  1816,  6 
vols.  Svo. 

Hodgson,  Stndhome,  Capt.  19th  RegLof  Foot,  R..\. 
Truths  Irom  Ihc  West  Indies,  Lon.,  1S3S,  p.  Svo.  This 
work  and  B.  Mc  Jlahon's  Jamaica  Plantership  (1839, 12mo) 
are  described  as 

"  Birds  of  a  feather;  books  manufactured  on  the  same  model; 
furious  attacks  on  the  planters,  enlivened  with  horrors  to  suit  all 
appetites." — Lun.  AUien(PJim,  1839,  p.  131. 

Hodgson, Thomas.  Reports  of  Trials;  both  181 2,8vo. 

Hodgson,  Wni.,M.D.  1.  Commonwealth  of  Reason, 
Lon.,  1795,  Svo.  2.  System  of  Nature,  1795,  Svo.  3.  Temple 
of  Apollo;   Poems,  1796,  8vo. 

Hodgson,  Wni.     French  (Grammars,  1S17,  'IS. 

Hodgson,  \V  m.,  Jr.,  of  Philadelphia.  An  Exami- 
nation of  the  Memoirs  and  Writings  of  J.  J.  Gurney, 
Phila.,  lSo6. 

Hodius.     Anglice  Hody. 

Hodskinson,  Joseph.  Instructions  to  Farmers  rel. 
to  Arable  Lands,  &c.,  Lon.,  1796,  Svo. 

"tteneial  directions  on  various  points  of  occurrence." — Dcmald- 
son's  Agricult.  }ii<'ff. 

Hodsou,  l'"iodsham,  D.D.,  Principal  of  Brazenose 
Coll.,  Oxf.     Eternal  Fdiation  of  the  Sou  of  God,  1796,  Svo. 

Hodson,  George,  Archdeacon  of  Stnflbrd.  1.  12 
Serms.   on  Christian  Temper,  Ac,  Lon.,  1S28,  '29,  12mo. 

2.  27  Discourses.  Birming.,  Svo.    See  Lowndes's  Brit.  Lib., 
915.     Other  publications. 

Hodson,  James,  M.D.  Theolog.  treatises,  17S7-1S01. 

Hodson,  John,  D.D.     See  Hodcsom. 

Hudson,  Mrs.  Margaret,  formerly  Miss  Holford, 
a  daughter  of  Mrs.  M.  Holford,  (  post,)  of  Chester.  England. 
1.  WalliLce,  or  the  Flight  of  Falkirk;  a  Poem,  Lon..  ISOU, 
4to;  ISIO,  Svo.  Anon.    2.  Miscellaneous  Poems,  ISll,  Svo. 

3.  Margaret  of  Anjou;  a  Poem  in   10  cantos,   1S16,  4to. 
The  poems  of  this  lady  have  been  admired. 

Hodson,  I'hineas,  D.D.  Serm.,  Ps.  xxvii.  4,  Lon., 
162S.  4to. 

Hodson,  Septimus,  Rector  of  Thrapston.  1.  Serm., 
Lon.,  1789,  Svo.     2.  Serms.,  1792,  Svo. 

'•Contain  many  just  observations  and  useful  reflections." — 
Lon.  Month.  Rt:v. 

3.  High  Price  of  Provisions,  1795,  Svo.  4.  2  Discourses, 
1795,  Svo. 

Hodson,  Thomas.  Remarks  on  Medical  Advice,  by 
Philip  Stone,  M.D.,  Lon.,  1784,  Svo. 

Hodson,  Thomas.  1.  Cabinet  of  the  Arts,  1803-06, 
4to.  2.  The  Accomplished  Tutor;  or.  Complete  System 
of  Education,  2  vols.  Svo. 

Hudson,  W.     Fables  in  Prose  and  Verse,  1801,  12n)o. 

Hudson,  Wm.  1.  Trac.  on  XL  Art.  Apostles'  Creed, 
Lon.,  l(;3fi,  12mo.     2.  Credo  Resurrectionem  Carnis,  1636. 

Hodson,  Wm.,  Vice-Masterof  Trin.  Coll.,  Cambridge, 
d.  1793.  1.  Ded.  of  Solomon's  Temple;  a  Poetical  Essay, 
Lon..  1772,  4to.     2.  Observ.  on  Greek  Tragedy. 

Hody,  Kdward.     Med.  con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1735. 

Hody,  Humphrey,  1659-1706,  a  native  of  Odcombe, 
Somerset,  entered  of  Wadham  College,  Oxford,  1676,  and 
chosen  Fellow,  1684;  Rector  of  St.  Michael's,  London, 
1693  ;  Prof,  of  Greek  in  Univ.  Oxford,  1698  ;  Archdeacon 
of  Oxford,  1704.  His  most  noted  works  are  the  following: — 
1.  Dissertation  against  Aristeus's  Hist,  of  the  Seventy-two 
Interpreters,  1680;  Oxon.,  1684,  Svo. 

'*  Written  in  opposition  to  Isaac  Vossius,  and  completely  suc- 
ceeds in  destroyinii;  the  creditof  the  lying  table  of  the  Jew  respect- 
ing the  Septuagint." — Orme's  Bill.  Bib. 

Vossius  attacked  this  work  in  an  Appendix  to  his  Pom- 
ponius  Mela,  and  Hody  responded  when  he  pub.  a  new 
ed.  of  his  Dissertation  in  his  De  Bibliorum  Tcxtibus  Ori- 
ginalibus.  See  No.  5.  2.  Prolegomena  to  John  Malela's 
Chronicle,  printed  at  Oxford,  1C91,  Svo.  The  Prolegomena 
was  written  in  1689.  3.  Hist,  of  English  Councils  and 
Convocations,  ic,  Lon.,  1701.  Svo.  4.  The  Resurrection 
of  the  same  Body  asserted.  1694,  Svo.  5.  De  Bibliorum 
Tcxtibus  Originalibus,  versionibus  Grsecis,  et  Latina  Vul- 
gata, Libri  Quatuor,  Oxon.,  1705,  fol. 
858 


noF 

"  This  is  the  classii-al  work  on  the  Septungint.  .  .  .  Among  the 
wVatis  on  the  Septuayint  version,  no  one  has  displayed  either 
more  knowledge  of  the  subject  or  more  critical  sagacity  than 
Hody." — Bishop  Mabsh. 

•' It  examines  with  great  accuracy,  and  discus.ses  with  much 
learning  and  ability,  every  question  relating  to  the  age,  tho 
authors,  the  character  and  progress  of  that  celebrated  version. 
All  subsequtat  writers  have  been  greatly  indebted  to  this  work 
ot  Hody."— Orme'i  BM.  Bib.     See  Home's  Bibl.  Bib. 

6.  De  Grsecis  lUustribus  Lingua;  Graeca  instauratoribus, 
Ac,  Lon.,  1742,  Svo.  Posth.  Pub.  from  Body's  MSS.  by 
Dr.  S.  Jebb.  This  erudite  work  contains  an  iiccount  of 
those  learned  Grecians  who  retired  to  Italy  about  the  time 
,  of  the  taking  of  Constantinople  by  the  Turks,  and  re- 
stored the  Greek  tongue  and  learning  in  those  western 
parts. 
I  "  Hody  was  perhaps  the  first  who  threw  much  light  on  the  early 
studies  of  Greek  in  Italy;  and  his  book,  De  tiiatis  illustiibus 
lingua;  tirjeca'  instauratoribus,  will  be  read  with  pleasure  and  ad- 
vantage by  every  lover  of  literature;  though  Mehus.  who  came 
with  more  exuberant  erudition  to  the  subject,  has  pointed  out  a 
few  errors.  But  more  is  to  be  found  as  to  its  native  cultivators, 
Hody  being  chiefly  concerned  with  the  Greek  refugees,  in  Bayle's 
Fabricius,  Niceron,  Mehus,  Zeno,  Tiraboschi,  Meiners,  Hoscoe, 
Heeren,  Shepherd,  Corniani,  Ginguene.  and  the  Biographie 
Universelle,  whom  I  name  in  chronological  order."— ifeHam'j 
111.  Hisl.  of  Europe,  ed.  1S6J,  i.  100.  n. 

See  Ilody's  Life,  prefixed  to  No.  6  ;  Biog.  Brit. ;  Birch's 
Tillotson  ;  Chalmers's  Hist,  of  Oxford. 

Hoffman,  Charles  Fenno,  b.  in  the  city  of  New 
York  in  1806,  a  son  of  Judge  Josiah  Ogden  Hoffman,  and 
a  brother  of  the  eminent  lawyer,  Ogden  Hoffman,  entered 
Columbia  College  at  the  age  of  fifteen,  and  was  admitted 
to  the  Now  York  B.ar  when  twenty-one.  After  three  years 
of  legal  practice,  Mr.  Hoffman  determined  to  indulge  to 
its  full  extent  the  strong  inclination  which  he  had  always 
entertained  for  literary  pursuits;  and  he  accordingly 
abandoned  Coke  and  Bl.ackstone  for  the  more  congenial 
fields  of  Rom.ance  and  Poetry.  Ho  has  since  given  to  the 
world— 1.  A  Winter  in  the  West,  New  York,  1835,  2  vols. 
12mo;  Lon.,  1835,  2  vols.  p.  Svo. 

"It  has  since  passed  through  several  editions,  and  will  con- 
tinue to  be  admired  so  long  as  gi-aphic  delineations  of  nature, 
spirited  sketches  of  men  and  manners,  and  richness  and  purity 
of  style,  are  appreciated."— K.  W.  Griswoid:  Prose  Writtrs  of 
America. 

2.  Wild  Scenes  in  Forest  and  Prairie,  Lon.,  (1837  ?) 
1839,  2  vols.  p.  Svo.  With  addits.,  N.  York,  1843,  2  vols. 
12mo.  3.  Greyslaer;  a  Romance  of  the  Mohawk,  1840, 
'49,  12ino.  This  is  founded  on  the  celebrated  criminal 
trial  of  Beauchamp  for  the  murder  of  Colonel  Sharpe,  of 
Kentucky. 

"  It  happily  blends  historical  facts  connected  with  the  border- 
annals  of  our  State  with  the  fictitious  story  of  love,  and  displays 
the  powers  of  a  master-painter  of  human  passion.  We  regard 
the  autboi-of  this  book  as  one  of  the  best  writers  in  the  country.'* 
— Southern  Literary  Me^senf/er. 

Greyslaer  met  with  remarkable  success;  two  edits,  were 
printed  in  New  York,  one  in  Phila.,  and  a  fourth  in  Lon- 
don, in  the  same  year.  Mr.  William  Gilmore  Sims  has 
since  pub.  a  novel — Beauchampe — founded  on  the  same 
tragical  incidents. 

4.  The  Vigil  of  Faith,  a  Legend  of  the  Adirondack 
Mountains;  and  other  Poems,  N.York,  1642,12mo.  Several 
edits,  have  been  pub.  in  America  and  England.  5.  The 
Echo;  or.  Borrowed  Notes  for  Home  Circulation,  Phila., 
1S44.  The  title  of  this  work  was  suggested  by  some  re- 
marks in  an  article,  on  Griswold's  Poets  and  Poetry  of 
America,  in  the  Foreign  Quarterly  Review,  in  which  the 
reviewer  charges  Hoftman  with  borrowing  largely  from 
Moore.  B.  Lays  of  the  Hudson,  and  other  Poems,  N.  York, 
32ma.  7.  Love's  Calendar,  and  other  Poems,  1848.  This 
voL  contains  a  more  complete  collection  of  his  lyrical 
compositions  than  will  be  found  in  the  Echo.  Mr.  Hoff. 
m,an  prepared  for  publication  another  novel,  entitled  The 
Bed  Spur  of  Ramnpo;  but  the  MS.  was  destroyed  by  the 
carelessness  of  a  servant.  In  1833  Mr.  11.  established 
that  well-known  and  excellent  Journal,  The  Knicker- 
bocker Magazine,  and  edited  a  few  numbers,  after  which 
he  transferred  it  to  the  Rev.  Timothy  Flint.  Mr.  Hoffman 
subsequently  became  proprietor  and  editor  of  the  American 
Monthly  Magazine,  (started  by  Henry  William  Herbert, 
Esq..)  and  was  its  chief  editor  for  many  years,  during  one 
of  which  he  also  discharged  the  editorial  duties  connected 
with  tho  New  York  Mirror.  In  tho  former  he  pub.,  in 
1837,  a  novel  entitled  A'anderlyn.  For  about  eighteen 
months  (in  1846-47)  ho  was  the  editor  of  the  New  York 
Literary  World:  see  Duyckinck,  Evert  A.,  p.  535.  He 
has  also  been  a  contributor  to  the  New  Yorker,  the  Cor- 
sair, and  other  periodicals.  His  contributions  to  the  New 
York  American  (distinguished  by  a  ■^■)  whilst  its  associate- 
editor  with  Charles  King,  about  1828-30,  added  greatlj 


IIOF 

to  the  reputation  of  that  journal.  Nor  must  wc  omit  to 
render  our  acknoKledgments  to  this  vermtile  author  for 
his  historical  sketch  pub.  in  Sparks's  American  Biography, 
2d  Series,  iii.  179-2:58,  enlitled  The  Administration  of 
Jacob  Lei.4er;  a  Chapter  in  American  History.  It  is  as  a 
lyrical  poet  that  Mr.  Hoffman  is  best  known  to  tlie  world, 
and  in  this  department  he  un(iuesti(Uiably  occupies  a  very 
high  rank.  Among  the  princi|'al  favourites  of  the  sons^s 
■which  have  carried  his  name  so  e.\tens!vcly  through  the 
social  circles  of  the  land  are  Rosalie  Clare,  'Tis  Hard 
to  Share  her  Smiles  with  Many,  Sparkliug  and  Bright, 
and  The  Myrtle  and  Steel. 

An  eminent  American  critic,  referring  to  this  depart- 
ment of  poetical  authorship, — the  song, — remarks: 

"  Whatever  m;iy  be  thfUL.'ht  of  i<  as  an  order  of  writing:.  T  am 
satistied  that  Mr.  Jbitfaian  has  couie  as  near  to  the  hiLihest 
standaid  or  idea  of  i-x.  .llpnce  wbiih  lielongs  to  this  species  of 
composition,  as  any  .\ni.ii>  an  pnet  has  done  in  his  own  departr 
ment,  whatever  that  d,  |virtm,  iit  may  Ije."— II.  W.  Gaiswoi-S: 
Poets  and  Ftidrij  of  Ainfnm.  lOIh  ed.,  1S55. 

See  the  same  author's  opinion  of  Hoffman's  prose  com- 
positions in  his  Prose  Writers  of  America,  4th  ed.,  1862, 
p.  31. 

"  For  some  of  the  best  convivi.al,  amatory,  and  descriptive  poetry 
of  native  ori^iin,  we  are  indebted  to  Charles  I'eiino  Ibitfman.  The 
woods  and  streams,  the  least  and  the  vigil,  are  reflected  in  his 
verse  with  a  prapbic  truth  and  sentiment  that  evidence  an  eye 
for  the  picturesiiue.  a  sense  of  the  advintuious.  and  a  zest  for 
pleasure.  lie  has  written  many  admirable  scenic  pieces  that  evince 
not  only  a  careful  tmt  a  lovin-.;  ol)servatiou  of  nature :  some 
touches  of  this  kind  in  the  Vigil  of  Kaith  are  worthy  of  the  most 
celebrated  poets.  Many  of  his  songs,  from  their  graceful  flow  and 
tender  feeliug,  are  hi:.rhly  popular,  although  some  of  the  metres 
are  too  like  those  of  Sloore  not  to  provoke  a  comparison.  They 
are.  howt-ver.  less  tinctured  with  artifice:  and  many  of  them 
have  a  spontaneous  aud  natural  vitality." — U.  T.  Tuckerbian  : 
Sketch  of  Auier.  Lil. 

In  addition  to  the  authorities  cited  above,  see  Poe's 
Literati :  Dublin  fhiiv.  iMag. ;  South.  Lit,  Messeng.,  .\i.\.  47. 

Hoffman,  David,  LL.D.,  J.U.D.,  1784-1S54,  a  na- 
tive of  Baltimore.  Maryl.an'I,  an  eminent  lawyer  and  legal 
writer,  from  1S17  to  'lSS6  Professor  of  Law  in  the  Uni- 
versity of  Maryland,  after  the  termination  of  his  connctiun 
with  lliis  institntion  resided  two  years  in  Europe,  and 
subsequently  settled  in  PhiUulelphi.a,  where  he  remained 
until  1S47. "  In  the  f,aU  of  this  year  he  ag.ain  visited 
Europe,  returning  home  in  1S5.''..  He  died  suddenly,  of  an 
attack  of  apoplexv,  in  New  York,  November  11.  1S54. 

1.  A  Course  of  "Legal  Study;  respectfully  iiddressed  to 
the  Students  of  Law  in  the  United  States,  Bait.,  1817,  pp. 
?,8.3;  2d  ed.,  rewritten  and  much  enlarged,  1836,  2  vols, 
8vo.,  pp.  .xvii.,  876.  The  first  ed.  was  most  favourably 
reviewed  by  Judge  Story,  in  the  North  American  Review 
for  July,  1817.  We  give  a  brief  e.\tr:rct  from  this  admirable 
article,  which  every  lawyer  should  peruse  with  close 
attention. 

'•  Mr.  lloffuian  has  published  a  Course  of  Legal  Study,  which  he 
modestly  addresses  to  students,  but  which  is  well  worthy  the  at- 
tention of  every  gentleman  of  the  bar.  ...  In  quitting  the  work 
we  have  not  the  slightest  hesitation  to  declare  that  it  contains  by 
far  the  most  perfect  system  for  the  study  of  the  law  which  has 
ever  been  offered  to  the  publick."— iV.  Amer.  Jien.,  vi.  45-77. 

Also  in  Story's  Miscellaneous  Writings,  1862,  66-92. 
And  see  Story's  Life  and  Letters.  1861,  i.  309. 

The  2d  ed.  was  reviewed  by  George  S.  HiUard,  in  the 
North  American  Review  for  January,  1838,  (xlvi.  72-82,) 
who  cotnmends  the  work  in  the  highest  terms;  and  it  has 
been  rewarded  by  the  approbation  of  Marshall,  Kent,  De 
Witt  Clinton,  and  other  competent  judges  in  Europe  and 
America.  See  Pref.  Anth.  An;il.  of  Blk.,  30  ;  6  Law  Re- 
corder, 426  ;  21  Law  Mag.,  1  ;  15  Amer.  Jur.,  331 ;  xviii. 
120;  12  Leg.  Obs.,  611;  xiii.  61;  Reddle's  Mar.  Com., 
427;  46  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  482;  20  Amer.  Quar.  Rev.,  79 ; 
Marvin's  Leg.  Bibl.,  391 ;  9  Prino.  Rev.,  509;  Blackw. 
Mag.,  xvii.  67. 

2.  Legal  Outlines ;  being  the  Substance  of  a  Course  of 
lectures  now  delivering  in  the  University  of  Maryland, 
in  3  vols.  Vol.  i.,  1836,  8vo,  pp.  viii.,  626.  Unfortunately, 
this  is  the  otily  vol.  of  this  excellent  work  which  ever  saw 
the  light.  It  was  favourably  reviewed  by  Mr.  P.  Cruise, 
in  the  North  American  Review  for  January,  1830,  xxx. 
135-160,  q.  c. ;  and  see  also  Stciry's  Inaug.  Discourse, 
45,  n. ;  3  Amer.  Jur.,  86  ;  1  Ang.  L.  J.,  284  ;  36  N.  Amer. 
Rev.,  395;  4  South.  Rev.,  47;  Marvin's  Leg.  Bibl.,  390. 

3.  Miscellaneous  Tbciughts  on  Men, Manners,  and  Things  ; 
by  Anthony  Grumbler,  of  Grufubleton  Hall,  Esq.,  1837, 
12mo,  jip.  374.  Sec  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  xlv.  482-484:  Aiuer. 
Quar.  Rev.,  xxii.  415;  Chris.  Exam.,  xxiii.  208,  by  F.W.  P. 
Greenwood.  4.  Viator;  or,  A  Peep  into  my  Note-Book, 
1841,  12[no.  This  may  be  considered  as  a  sequel  to  No.  3. 
5.  Legal  Uinta;  being  a  condensation  of  the  leading  Ideas 


HOF 

as  relating  to  Professional  Deportment,  contained  in  a 
Course  of  Legal  Study,  wilh  the  addition  of  some  Counsel 
to  L.aw. Students,  Pliila.,  1846.  6.  Chronicles,  selected 
from  the  Origiu.als  of  Carfaphilus,  the  Wandering  Jew: 
embracing  a  jjeriod  of  nearly  nineteen  Centuries.  Now 
first  revealed  to  and  edited  by  David  Hofi'man,  Lon., 
1855,  2  vols.  8vo.  These  two  vols,  are  all  that  was  given 
to  the  world  of  a  work  which  was  to  have  been  extended 
to  6  vols.  Vol.  iii.  (concluding  Series  1,  and  reaching 
to  A.D.  673)  was  ready  for  the  press  at  the  time  of  the 
death  of  the  author.  Series  2  (vols.  iv.  v.  vi.)  were  in  a 
state  of  partial  preparalicm.  The  design  was  no  less  than 
a  History  of  the  World  from  the  Christian  era  to  the  pre- 
sent time.  To  the  compilation  of  this  vast  work  Mr. 
Hoffman  had  devoted  much  time,  arduous  labour,  and  a 
large  pecuniary  outlay.  This  adds  another  to  tlio  many 
instances  we  have  recorded  in  the  course  of  this  volume  of 
cherished  designs  frustrated,  anxious  hopes  disappointed, 
and  "  purposes  broken  off  in  the  tnidst."  But  if  the  solemn 
consciousness  of  the  approach  of  the  "inexorable  hour" 
warned  him  who  had  toiled  so  faithfully  for  his  genera- 
tion, that  he  must  cease  from  his  labours  ere  he  should 
enter  upon  that  goodly  heritage  of  honouraljle  fame  and 
extensive  usefulness  which  had  long  been  the  gi.al  of  his 
ambition  in  the  preparation  of  the  great  work  of  his  life, 
he  could  yet  look  back  with  satisfaction  at  the  good  already 
accomplished  by  those  invalu.able  fruits  of  his  wisdom 
which  he  was  permitted  to  give  to  the  world.  To  adopt 
the  language  of  another, 

"  If  we  were  called  upon  to  designate  any  single  work  which 
had  exercised  a  greater  influence  over  the  profession  of  the  law 
in  this  country  than  all  others,  which  had  most  stimulated  the 
student  iu  his  studies,  most  facilitated  bis  labours,  and.  in  fine, 
most  contributed  to  elevate  the  standard  of  professii>n;d  learning 
and  morals,  we  should  unhesitatingly  select  iloffuian's  Course  of 
Legal  Study." — iV.  Amer.  lieu.,  xlv.  4S2. 

-The  constant  reply  of  Lagrange  to  the  young  men  who  consulted 
him  respecting  their  mathematical  studios  was,  'Study  Kuler;' 
and  in  like  manner  we  should  say  to  evei-y  law-studeut.  from 
Maine  to  Louisiana,  '  Study  Uoffman.'  "— UEOaOE  S.  HltLiRD  :  N. 
Amer.  Iicv.f  xlvi.  82. 

In  the  words  of  another  admirer  of  this  excellent  and 
useful  writer : 

•■What  Ciijacius  said  of  Paul  de  Castro  has  been  appropriately 
applied  to  Professor  Hoffman's  Course  of  Legal  Study  ;  Qui  lion 
h(il"i  Fiiiiltim  de  Casfro.  liancam  vendat.  et  cnwt." 

Hoffniau,  J.  N.,  Lutheran  pastor,  formerly  of  Cham- 
bersburg.  Pa.,  now  of  Beading,  Pa.  1.  Arndt's  True  Chris- 
tianity; trans,  from  the  German,  Charabersb.,  1834.  Svo. 

2.  Evangelical  Hymns,  origin,al  and  selected,  1838,  18mo. 

3.  A  Collection  of  Texts,  Ac.  4.  The  Broken  Platform; 
a  Defence  of  the  Symbolical  Books  of  the  Lutheran 
Church.  Phila..  1856,  12mo. 

Hoffman,  Murray,  an  eminent  lawyer  of  New  York. 
1.  Office  and  Duties  of  Masters  in  Chancery,  N.  York, 
1824,  8vo. 

"  I  have  looked  them  [the  MSS.]  over,  and  communicated  to 
Mr.  B.  my  hi^h  opinion  of  the  accuracy,  utility,  credit  and  value 
of  the  work.'' — Lettr  from  Clianrellnr  Kent. 

2.  Treat,  on  the  'Prae.  of  the  Ct.  of  Chancery,  1840,  3 
vols.  Svo;  2d  ed.,  1843,  3  vols.  Svo.  3.  N.  York  Vice- 
Chancery  Reports,  1839-40,  Svo,  1841.  4.  Treatise  on  the 
Law  of  fho  Prot.  Epis.  Church,  I860,  Svo. 

Hotlnud,  Mrs.  Barbara.  See  Hofl.vnd,  Mrs. 
Thom.is  CnuisTorfii-;n. 

Holland,  Thomas  Christopher,  1777-1843,  a 
distinguished  landscaiie-paiuler,  and  an  enthusiastic  dis- 
ciple of  Izaak  Walton,  was  a  native  of  Worksop,  Notting- 
hamshire. An  interesting  memoir  of  him,  by  his  widow, 
(i'i(/e  pmt.)  will  be  found  in  The  London  Art-Union;  or 
see  Lon.  Gent.  M.ag.,  May,  1843.  1.  A  Description  of 
White  Knights,  a  seat  of  the  Duke  of  Marlborough;  em- 
bellished wilh  twenty-three  engravings  from  pictures  by 
T.  C.  Holland,  1819,  Vol.  One  hundred  copies  privately 
printed  by  his  Grace.  The  letter-press  was  written  by 
Mrs.  Holland,  (I'hle  pom.)  2.  British  Angler's  Manual, 
L.m.,  1839,  p.  Svo:  some  on  large  paper.  New  ed.,  by 
Edward  Jesse,  1848,  p.  Svo,  with  eighty  steel  engravings 
and  lignographs  after  Ilofland,  Cooper,  Creswick,  Rad- 
clyffe,  &,(.: 

"  This  is  the  most  comprehensive  work  on  angling  that  has  yet 
appeared  in  this  country." — BcJVs  Life  in  London. 

'■  Whether  as  i-egards  the  art  piclorial  or  the  art  piscatorial,  it 
would  be  difficult  to  pick  out  a  prettier  volume  than  this."— ion. 
lllustrcded  lieview. 

3.  Specimens  of  Garden  Decorations  and  Scenery,  1846. 
Hotlaud,  Mrs.  Thomas  Christopher,  1770-1844, 

wife  of  the  preceding,  b)rmerly  Miss  Barbara  Wreaks, 

a  daughter  of  Robert  Wreaks,  of  Sheffield,  was  married  in 
1796  to  Mr.  T.  Bradshaw  Hoole,  who  died  in  1798,  In 
1S05  she  pub.  a  vol.  of  poems  upon  a  subscription-list  of 

659 


HOF 

nearly  2000  copies,  the  profit  on  which  enabled  her  to  open  | 
a  small  school  at  Harrowgate,  where  the  chuic-s  of  tuition  i 
were  relieved  by  the  pleasures  of  authorship.     In  1808  «he 
was  married  to  Thomas  Christopher  Hofland,  the  eminent 
landscape-painter,  but  did  not  permit  her  new  engagements 
to  relax  her  literary  application,  for  in  1SI2  we  find  that  ' 
she  gave  to  the  world  no  less  than  five  different  works.  I 
This  literary  activity  distinguished  Mrs.  Hofland  for  the 
reraamder  of  her  life.     In  1833  she  was  deprived  by  death 
of  her  son  by  her  first  husband,  the  Rev.  Mr.  Hoole,  curate 
of  St.  Andrew's,  Holborn,  and  in  1S43  she  was  again  left  a 
widow.     She  wrote  in  all  about  seventy  works,  (of  wliich  | 
nearly  300,000  copies  were  sold  in  Great  Britain,  and  many 
thousands  on   the  continent  and  in  America.)  and  pub.  a  I 
large  number  of  pieces  in  magazines  and  annuals.    Among  I 
the  best-known  of  her  works— which  consist  almost  entirely 
of  novels  and  moral  tales— .are :   1.  Tl;e  Daughter-in-Law. 

2.  Emily.  3.  The  Son  of  a  Geuius.  4.  Beatrice.  5.  Says 
she  to  her  Neighbour,  What?  6.  Captives  in  India.  >. 
The  Unloved  One.  8.  The  Czarina.  9.  Ellen,  the  Teacher. 
10.  The  Mclcbaufs  Widow.  II.  Adelaide.  12.  Humility. 
13.  Fortitude.  14.  Decision.  15.  Integrity.  16.  The 
Clergyman's  Widow.  17.  Daniel  Dennison.  18.  Self- 
Denial.  19.  Letter  of  an  Englishwoman.  20.  Tales  of 
the  Priory.  21.  Tales  of  the  Manor.  A  Biogr.aphic.al 
notice  of  Mrs.  Hofland  will  be  found  in  the  Lon.  Gent. 
Mag.,  January,  1845  ;  but  for  a  detailed  memoir  of  her 
hfe,  accompanied  by  her  Literary  Remains,  wo  must 
refer  the  reader  to  Mr.  Thomas  Ramsay's  vol.  with  this 
title,  Lon.,  1849,  12mo.  The  author  of  the  biography  in 
Gent.  Mag.,  referring  to  the  many  editions  and  large  sale 
of  her  works,  remarks  : 

■'.'J^w'", '!''.1'™°"''""'  ""■^'s'wn  is  considered,  in  connexion 
wiin  the  fact  that  all  her  works  were  successfully  devoted  to  im- 
prove the  heart  by  pleasing  ,ind  powerful  lessons,  we  mav  form 
some  Idea  of  the  debt  of  gratitude  and  esteem  that  is  her  due  " 

Hofmauii,  A.W.,  Ph.  D.,  Professor  in  the  Royal 
College  of  Chemistry,  Lonilon,  has  edited  Bufl's  Letters 
on  the  Physics  of  the  Earth,  Lon..  1851,  fp.  8vo ;  Fownes's 
Manual  of  Chemistry,  7th  eil..  1S58,  (in  conjunction  with 
H.  Lence  Jones,  M.D. ;)  and  is  co-editor  of  Liebig  and 
Kopp  s  Annual  Report  of  the  Progress  of  Chemistry  &c 
yol.si.ii.iii.  for  1847,  '48,  '49,  edited  by  Dr.  Hofman  and 
l>r.  11.  B.  Jones.  See  BLO.'iAji,  C.  L.,  and  F.  A.  A  del 
Ho?;,James.  The  Spirit's  Operation5.Edin.,1709,r2mo. 
Ilog,  Sir  Roger.  Decisions  of  the  Court  of  Sessions, 
1681-91,  Edin..  1757,  fol. 

Hogaeus,  Gulielmus,  pub.  Latin  paraphrases  from 
Job,  the  Proverbs,  Cato,  and  Milton,  Lon..  1682-99. 

"  The  author  discovers  some  tivlent  for  Latin  versilication  which 
his  countrymen  then  cultivated."— 0/me's  B(U.  Uilj. 

Hogau,  a  Brevet-Major  in  R.A.  Appeal  to  the  Public, 
and  a  Farewell  Address  to  the  Army,  Lon.,  1808,  8vo. 

Hogan,  E.  Penna.  State  Trials;  Trials  of  F.  Hop- 
kinson  and  J.  Nicholson,  Phila.,  1794,  8vo. 

Hogan,  John  Sheridan.  Canada  and  her  Re- 
sources, N.  York,  1855,  8vo.  To  this  work  was  awarded  the 
first  prize  of  the  Paris  E.xhibition  Committee  of  Can.ada 

II  est  tort  bien  «crit,  niais  supcrflciel  surtout  pour  ce  qui  a  rap- 
S?,^!*  r  "?■  c  ^'^""■'"''  P"-^*  1^™""»>P  plus  ancien  et  interessant 
que  le  tan.-ida  Supeiieur  au  point  do  vue  historiiiiie."— Diet  HisI 
des  mtt^<.  du  Canada  et  de  fAmerique,  par  Bibaud,  Jeune,  Montreal', 

See  also  Canada  and  her  Resources,  by  Alex  Morris 
Montreal  1855,  Svo,  and  The  Rise  of  Canada  from  Barba- 
rism to  Wealth  and  Civilization,  by  Charles  Roger,  of  Que- 
bec, Lon..  1856,  Svo.  h    :    '  >«"•= 

Hogan,  \V.  Reports  of  Cases  in  the  Rolls  Court  in 
Ireland.  u;up.  S.  W.  McMahon,  Dubl..  1828-38, 2  vols  8vo 

Hogan,  Wm.,  formerly  R.  Catholic  priest.  I  Popery 
as  it  Was  and  Is,  B.,st.  2.  Auricular  Confession  and  Popi«h 
Nunneries.  Lon.,  1846,  12mo,-  6th  ed.,  1S51,  12mo. 

Hogarth,  (icorge,  a  native  of  Scotland,  late  writer 
to  the  signet  in  Edinburgh,  was  for  many  years  musical 
and  dramatic  critic  of  the  London  Morning  Chronicle  ■  but 
since  the  establishment  of  the  Daily  News,  in  1846,  by  his 
Bon-in-law.  Charles  Dickens,  the  author,  he  has  been  con- 
aected  with  that  sheet  in  a  similar  capacity.  1.  Musical 
History,  Biography,  and  Criticism,  Lon., '1836  •>  vols 
12mo.  Newed.  enlarged,  1838.  2  vols.  Svo.  Au  excellent 
Work.  Reviewed  by  G.  W.  Peck,  in  Amer.  Whi»  Rev 
VI*.  633.    2.  Memoirs  of  the  Musical  Drama,  183S,  2  vols  Svo' 

•  He  brings  general  scholarship  and  cultivation  to  his  task,  and  i 
has  produced  a  very  instructive  as  well  as  enteitaiuing  work."— 

3.  Opera  in  Italy,  France,  Germany,  and  England,  1851,  I 
Z  vols.  p.  Svo.     This  may  be  considered  a  new  ed.  of  No  "> 
The  view  of  the  Musical  Stage  is  brought  down   to  the 
date  of  publication,— 1851. 


HOG 

"George  Thomson,  and  George  Hogarth,  and  the  lave  o' the 
yanmtoois  will  just  lauch  at  ye  as  an  ignoramus,  that  kens  nae- 
thing  o'  acowstics,  or  the  dooble-dooble-bais.  or  liatehooven  or 
Mowsart.  or  that  Carle  Weber."— CaaiSTOPHER  Ncara  :  Nxla 
Antl'rosi'tiKF.  Juit/,  IS'jt;. 

Hogarth,  Richard,  a  schoolmaster  in  London, 
father  of  William  Hogarth,  the  celebrated  artist.  Dis- 
sertationes  Grammaticales,  Lon.,  1712,  Svo. 

Hogarth,  William,  1697-1764,  a  celebr.ated  painter 
and  engraver,  son  of  the  preceding,  was  a  native  of  Lon- 
don. In  1730  he  ran  awav  with  the  daughter  of  the 
eminent  artist.  Sir  James  TbornhiU,  who  was  soon  recon- 
ciled to  the  match  by  the  remarkable  talents  of  his 
volunteer  son-in-law.  We  have  already  had  occasion  to 
refer  to  his  Analysis  of  Beauty,  Lon..  1754,  '72,  'S3,  4to, 
(in  Italian,  Leghorn.  1761,)  in  which  he  was  assisted  by 
Dr.  Benjamin  Hoadly,  Dr.  Morell,  and  the  Rev.  Mr. 
Townley.  This  is  a  work  of  decided  merit.  In  his  ca- 
pacity as  an  artist  he  does  not  enter  within  the  design  of 
our  Dictionary.  For  an  account  of  his  works,  collections  of 
his  plates,  Ac,  consult  authorities  cited  below.  Especially 
see— 1.  The  Genuine  Works  of  Wm.  Hogarth,  illustrated 
with  Biographical  Anecdotes,  a  Chronological  Catalogue 
and  Commentary,  by  John  Nichols  and  George  Steevens, 
1808-17,  3  vols.  4to  ;   £14  4*.     Large  paper,  £27  6» 

'■'Ihese  three  volumes  contain  210  plates,  a  great  many  of  which 
are  not  to  be  found  in  any  other  collection  of  Hogarth's  works  "— 
Advert. 

2.  The  Genuine  Works  of  Wm.  Hogarth,  1820-2'>  24 
Nos..  atlas  fol.,  from  the  original  plates,  retouched  by 
Heath;  edited  by  Nichols;  153  plates.  Pub.  at  £50.  It 
13  stated  that  a  number  of  copies  were  recently  found  in 
the  publisher's  warehouse,  and  came  into  the  possession 
of  H.  G.  Bohn,  of  London,  who  offered  them  at  the  low 
price  of  £7  Is.     See  his  Catalogue  for  1848,  p.  124.  supp. 

3.  Hogarth  Moralized,  by  John  Trusler,  LL.D.,  1768,  Svo. 
New  ed.,  with  Introduc.  and  Notes  by  Major    1841    Svo 

4.  Hogarth  Illustrate.l,  by  John  Ireland,  1791-98,  3' vols! 
r.  Svo.  5.  Biographical  Anecdotes  of  Wm.  Hogarth,  and 
a  Cat.  of  his  Works,  by  John  Nichols,  1781,  '82,  '85,  Svo. 
The  last  is  the  best  cd.  6.  Anecdotes  of  Hogarth,  by  him- 
self, with  Ess.ay  on  his  Life,  &c.,  by  Nichols,  ]833,"4  Pts. 
Svo,  48  plates.  7.  Clavis  Hogarthiana,  by  Rev.  E.  Ferrens, 
1817,  Svo.  Those  who  wish  a  cheap  Hogarth  can  procure 
the  laO  Plates  lately  pub.  (1849,  2  vols.  4to)  by  Brain,  of 
London,  lor  £2  05.  In  addition  to  authorities  just  cited, 
consult  Nichols's  Lit.  Anee.;  Walp.de's  Anecdotes  •  Chal- 
mers s  Biog.  Diet. ;  Lowndes's  Bibb  Man.  ;  Bryan's  and 
Spooner's  Dictionaries;  Hazlitt's  Lect,  on  the'Worksof 
Hogarth;  Charles  Lamb  on  the  Genius  of  Hogarth: 
Ihacker.ay  s  Lect.  on  Hogarth,  Smollett,  and  Fieldin.' 
one  of  hT",'*"  '  "''/"  *'■'■;'?"'■«  "P  "S  ^familn  book,  or  rather  as 
rt?l   i     ,1       ''"■'''  ''"'^  "''"■*  '  "''■''"  ■•egularly  instruct  mv  chil- 

?i?ff       ?"/*■"?  '"I"'^"  ""  '  *'"'"'<»  °"'  "f  Horn"  or  Viigil."- 
Jlie  Jicv.  J.  Toumley  to  HogartJi. 

We  would  suggest  that,  as  a. /amity  book,  Hogarth  is  to 
be  used  with  considerable  caution. 

See  For.  Quar.  Rev.,  xvi.  279 ;  Blackw.  Mag.,  ill.  609  • 

X.XX.  665,  660;  .xxxi.x.  761;  xliii.466;  1.24;  Lon.  Month! 

Rev.,  Ixxxii.  145;  Phila.  Analec.  Mag.,  v   150 

Jl}yj  ""'.'"'^•■"■.'ii°g  tee  much  to  assert  that  he  wks  one  of  the 

o?^^P  m^S""  ^f  ""r  '"•'"  ""  "'■'<'•  "'"'  l"'  ""-^  "^'^-"^^^  ™e 
?i.;r„  i'"'"™'"'''"''"'^  ™«°  "'■s  country  has  pioduced."- 

whii"^  I'''?**  T'"'  '5"  '■"P'^'"'  "  K^tleman.  who,  being  asked 
which  book  he  esteemed  most  in  his  library,  answLred-T'Shak- 

'f'^r.'..     /."'-''"'''?  "'="'"  ■"*  esteemed  next  best,  replied-' Ho- 
garth.'"—Charles  Lamb:  udisu^ra.  >     e   ■:>'      "o- 

Jh^luM'l'h'"'''"'^  '^•"^"'■y'  ""■«  admirable  works  must  be  in- 
I?  ,h.  t'  '  '^'7  "'  """  """'  ■^"■"Plete  and  truthful  picture 

T^HlcL^ri^,:,^:^^-  "■"  "'-Shts.of  the  past  ceutuV"- 

Pw"^,^?.!':^?""'^'    O'^s'et""  studies,  Lon.,  181.3, 4to: 

„.'*.'*?*''  Moses,  President  of  Hampden-Sidney  Colics. 
Virginia,  d  in  Phila.,  1820,  aged  60.  A  vol.  of  his  serms! 
was  pub.  alter  his  death. 

Hogg,  EdAvard,  M.D.  Visit  to  Alexandria,  Damas- 
cus, and  Jerusa  em,  Lon.,  1835,  2  vols.  p.  Svo.  Reviewed 
in  the  London  Athenamm,  1835,  721. 

Hogg,  Jabez.     1.  Domestic,  Jlcdical,  and  Surgical 
pi"',"'"     iT.o  ^o^^'    *"■  "^■'  !*"•     2.  Elements  of  Nat. 
,.  o"Vo  ^*^"'  ^™'     ^-  ^I'^-"'^'  "f  Photography;  4th  ed  . 
h-?  l'^?^-  *•  '^^'  Mi'^^o^'-ope:  its  Histt  Construe,  le. 
ISo4,   66,   5,,  Svo.     6.  The  Ophthalmoscope;  2d  ed.,  1858 

Hogg,  J.  J.     Lect.  on   Study  of  Civil   Law,  Lon.. 


1831,  Svo. 

,  .?^"?^'  Ja«nes,  "  The  Ettrick  Shepherd,"  December  9. 
li, 0-Nov.  21,  1835,  first  saw  the  light  in  a  cottage  on  the 
banks  of  the  Ettrick  River,  in  Selkirkshire,  Scotland.  His 
ancestors  had  been  shepherds  for  five  centuries,  and  James 


HOG 

commenced  his  apprenticeship  in  the  same  humhle  cnlling 
when   only  seven  years  of  jige.     Few  authors  who  have 
obtained  reputation  have  commenced  on  so  slender  a  stock 
of  knowledge  ;  for  the  whole  of  the  shepherd's  scholastic 
education  was  comprised  in  six  months' instruction  received 
before  he  was  eight  years  of  age.     In  1790  he  entered  the 
service  of  Mr.  Laidlaw  as  a  shepherd,  and  remained  in 
this  post  for  the  ensuing  ten  years,  the  leisure  hours  of 
which  were  profitably  occupied  with  the  perusal  of  books 
from   his   master's  library.     In   1796  he  commenced  the 
composition  of  songs  and  ballads,  and  in  the  next  year  an  , 
ardent  desire  to  be  the  successor  of  Burns — of  whom  he 
then  tirst  heard — gave  an  impetus  to  his  poetical  genius, 
which,  to  the  astonishment  of  the  world,  resulted  some 
years  later  in  the  production  of  The  Queen's  Wake.    Some 
of  his  juvenile  pieces  happened  at  this  time  to  fall  into 
the  hands  of  Sir  Walter  Scott,  by  whom  they  were  highly 
commended.     The  first  of  bis  published  productions,  The 
Patriot  Lay  of  Donald  McDonald,  composed  in  ISUO,  and 
printed  in  1801,  soon  became  a  general  favourite,  and  was 
sung   amidst  acclamations,  published   and   set  to  music,  , 
whilst  even  the  name  of  the  author  was  unknown.     In  > 
1801  he  wrote  a  prose  essay  called  Reflections  on  a  View  of 
tlie  Nocturnal  Heavens,  and  in  the  same  year,  whilst  on  a 
visit  to  Edinburgh  to  dispose  of  some  of  his  sheep,  he  pub. 
a  collection  of  his  best  poems.     In  1802  he  contributed  ' 
to  Sir  Walter  Scott's  Border  Minstrelsy;  and  five  years 
later  gave  to  the  world  The  Shepherd's  Guide,  (an  Essay  | 
on  Sheep,)  and  a  vol.  of  songs,  ballads,  and  tales,  entitled  I 
The  Mountain  Bard.     By  these  two  works  he  made  about  , 
£300,  which  was  soon  swallowed  up  in  the  cultivation  of  I 
an  unprofitable  farm;  and  the  publication  of  the  Forest  i 
Minstrel,  a  collection  of  the  poet's  early  songs,  in  1810, 
failed  to  meet  with  that  encuuragement  which  the  declin- 
ing ibrtunes  of  the  author  greatly  needed.     In  the  same 
year  he  commenced  the  issue  of  a  periodical,  intended  as 
a  censor  of  literature  and  manners,  entitled  The  Spy.    For 
this  self-imposed  task  the  conductor  was  altogether  un- 
suited,  and   the   new  paper  lingered  but  a  twelvemonth 
and   then   expired.     One  good   result,   however,  is  to  be 
attributed  to  the  publication  of  The  Spy.     Some  of  his 
friends  were  so  much  pleased  with  some  of  the  poetry  con- 
tributed by  the  editor  to  his  sheet,  that  they  urged  him  to 
attempt  the  composition  of  a  regular  poem.     Hogg  was 
always  ready  to  be  encouraged;  and  his  friends  were  gra- 
tified, with  the  rest  of  the  world,  in  the  spring  of  1813,  by 
the  publication  of  The  Queen's  Wake,  a  Legendary  Poem, 
by  far  his  best  production,  and  one  which  would  not  have 
disgraced  the  best  of  the  great  poets  who  were  at  that 
time  delighting  the   literary  circles  of  the  day.     Of  the 
seventeen  ballads  in  this  work,  the  general  favourite  is  the 
legend  of   Kilmeny : — certainly  an  exquisite  production. 
The   reputation  of  the  author  was  now  established:  the 
poet   became  a  celebrity;    and   happy  was   that  lady  of 
quality  who  could  secure  for  her  fashionable  f>arties  the 
rustic  form,  and  still  more  rustic  songs  and  witticisms,  of 
the  far-famed  Ettrick  Shepherd.     The  Queen's  Wake  soon 
reached  its  5th  edit.,  and  the  Shepherd  needed  nothing 
more  to  make  him  an  author  for  life,  as  the  following  list 
of  works,  which  appeared  in  rapid  succession,  will  abun- 
dantly testify.     Poetry:  1.  Pilgrims  of  the  Sun,  1815,  1 
vol.     2.  The  Hunting  of  Eadlewe,  1  vol.     3.  Madoe  of  the 
Moor,  1S16,  1  vol.     4.  Poetic  Mirror;  or,  Living  Bards  of 
Britain,  1  vol.     This  work,  consisting  of  imitations  of  dis- 
tinguished  living   poets,  was  all  (with  the   exception  of 
Scott's  pretended  epistle  to  Southey, — the  work  of  Thomas 
Pringle)  written  by  Hogg  in  three  weeks.     5.  Dramatic 
Tales,  2  vols.     6.  Sacred  Melodies,  1  vol.     7.  The  Border 
Garland,  1vol.     S.  The  Jacobite  Relics  of  Scotland:  vol.  i., 
1819;  vol.  ii.,  1821.     Partly  original.     9.  Queen  Ilynde, 
1825,  1  vol      10.  The  Royal  Jubilee;   a  Masque.  1  vol. 
11.  A  Selection  of  his  Songs,  1831,  1  vol.     12.  The  Queer 
Book:   26  Miscellaneous  Poems,  some  of  which  had  ap- 
peared  in    Blackwood,   1  vol.     A  collection   of   bis   best 
poems   was    pub.  at   Edinburgh   in    1822,  in  4  vols.  8vo. 
Prose  :  13.  The  Brownie  of  Bodsbeck,  and  other  Tales, 
1818,  2  vols.     14.  Winter    Evening  Tales,  1820,   2  vols. 
15.  The  Three  Perils  of  Man,  1822,  3  vols.     16.  The  Three 
Perils  of  Woman,  1823,  3  vols.     17.  The  Confessions  of  a 
Justified  Sinner,  1824,  1  vol.     18.  The  Shepherd's  Calen- 
dar, 1829,  2  vols.     Composed  of  tales  originally  pub.  in 
Blackwood's  Magazine.     19.  Altrive  Tales,  1832.     Vol.  i. 
only  appeared,  although   twelve  were   contemplated,  one 
every  other  month.    The  Tales  were  to  be  such  traditionary 
stories  as  were   current  with  the  Altrive   jieasantry,  and 
collected  from  them.     The  failure  of  Cochran  &  Co.,  the 
publishers,  prevented  the  prosecution  of  the  plan.     20.  Do- 


HOG 

mestic  Manners  of  Sir  Walter  Scott,  1834.  Considered  ft 
very  impertinent  produftion.  21.  Lay  Sermons,  1834,  1 
vol.  22.  Tales  of  the  Wars  of  Montrose,  1835,  3  vcds.  In 
1817  Hogg  found  himself  settled  on  his  farm  of  Altrive, 
consisting  of  seventy  acres  on  the  banks  of  the  Yarrow, 
for  which  he  was  indebted  to  the  kindness  of  the  Duke 
and  Duchess  of  Buccleuch.  In  1S20,  in  his  4Sth  year,  he 
was  married  to  Miss  Margaret  Phillips,  who  seems  to  have 
made  him  a  very  good  wife:  she  and  three  of  their  chil- 
dren, daughters,  are  now  living,  and  Mrs.  Hogg  was  re- 
cently pensioned  by  government.  Shortly  after  his  mar- 
riage he  took  up  his  residence  at  Mount  Benger;  but,  being 
again  unfortunate  in  his  agricultural  experiments,  he  was 
obliged  to  return  to  Altrive.  The  last  years  of  his  life 
were  tranquilly  passed  in  the  prosecution  of  his  literary 
pursuits,  varied  by  the  sports  of  the  field,  to  which  he  was 
passionately  attached.  In  the  autumn  of  1835  his  health 
was  prostrated  by  an  attack  of  the  jaundice,  which  re- 
sulted in  a  disease  of  the  liver,  and  terminated  fatally  on 
the  21st  of  November,  1835,  in  the  65th  year  of  his  age. 
For  further  information  respecting  this  uneducated  genius, 
we  refer  the  reader  to  his  autobiographical  reminiscences  ; 
to  the  Memoir,  by  Professor  John  Wilson,  prefixed  to 
Blackie  &  Co.'s  collective  edit,  of  Hogg's  Works,  1850,  5 
vols.  12mo;  Life,  bj'  Dr.  R.  S.  Mackenzie,  prefixed  to  his 
edit,  of  Noctes  Arabrnsian^,  N.York,  1855,  vol.  iv.,  i.-xxii. ; 
Dr.  Mackenzie's  collection  of  Maginu's  O'Doherty  Papers, 
1855,  i.  29-32;  Life,  in  Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  Jan.  1836; 
Howitt's  Homes  and  Haunts  of  Brit.  Poets;  Chambers 
and  Thomson's  Diet,  of  Eminent  Scotsmen  ;  Lockhart'a 
Life  of  Scott;  Scott's  Poetical  Works;  Giltillan's  First 
Gallery  of  Literary  Portraits;  Allan  Cunningham's  Biog. 
and  Crit.  Hist,  of  the  Lit.  of  the  Last  Fifty  years  ;  Moir'3 
Poet.  Lit.  of  the  Past  Half-Century  ;  Wilson's  Recreations 
of  Christopher  North ;  and  especially  to  the  Noctes  Am- 
brosianre,  where  The  Shepherd  is  painted  to  the  life:  and 
seo  the  General  Index  to  Blackwood's  Mag.,  vols.  i.-l. ; 
Donaldson's  Agricult.  Biog.;  Memoirs  of  a  Literary  Vete- 
ran; Edin.  Rev.,  v.  662;  by  Lord  Jeffrey,  ib.  xxiv.  157; 
Lon.  Month.  Rev.,  xciii.  263  ;  xcv.  428;  cvi.  36S  ;  cxxviii. 
82;  Eraser's  Mag.,  i.  291;  v.  97,  114,  482;  xx.  414;  N. 
Auier.  Rev.,  by  W.Tudor,  ii.  103;  by  F.  Dexter,  ix.  1; 
Phil.  Analec.  Mag.,  iii.  104;  vi.  36;  xi.  414;  Pbila.  Mu- 
seum, xxi.  97;  xxxvii.  438.  A  collective  ed.  of  Hogg's 
Tales  and  Sketches  was  pub.  in  1S38,  6  vols.  fp.  8vo; 
again  in  1851 ;  collective  ed.  of  his  Poetical  Works,  1850, 
5  vols.  12mo;  1852,  5  vob.  12mo.  We  have  already  stated 
that  the  Queen's  Wake  is  considered  to  be  by  far  the  best 
of  his  productions  :  a  few  brief  notices  of  this  poem  may 
therefore  be  hero  appropriately  introduced: 

"The  Queen's  Wake  is  a  parlaud  of  fair  foiest-flowers,  bound 
with  a  band  of  rushes  from  the  niuor.  It  is  not  a  poem, — not  it; 
uor  was  it  intended  to  be  so;  you  mifrht  as  well  call  a  bright 
bouquet  of  flowers  a  flower,  which,  by-the-by,  we  do  in  Scotland. 
Some  of  the  ballads  are  very  be.iutiful;  one  or  two  even  splendid; 
most  of  them  spirited ;  and  the  worst  far  better  than  the  best  that 
was  ever  written  by  any  bard  in  danger  of  being  a  blockhead. 
Kilmeuy  alone  places  our  (ay,  our)  Shepherd  among  the  Undying 
Ctnes." — Professor  Wilson:  ChrisU^her  A'orth's  Recreations:  An 
Hour's  Talk  about  Poetri/. 

"The  poem  is  unequal,  and  it  could  not  well  be  otherwise;  it 
confiistsof  the  songs  of  many  minstrels  in  honour  of  Queen  Mary, 
united  together  by  a  sort  of  recitative,  very  rambling,  amusing, 
and  characteri.<!tic.  Some  of  the  strains  of  the  contending  Bards 
are  of  the  highest  order,  both  of  conception  and  execution;  the 
Abbot  of  Eye  has  great  ease,  vigour,  and  harmony,  and  the  story 
of  the  Fair  Kilmeny.  for  true  simplicity,  exf4uisite  loveliness,  and 
graceful  and  original  tlincy,  cannot  be  matched  in  the  whole  com- 
pass of  Biitish  song." — Allan  Cunningham:  Biog.  and  Crit.  Hist, 
of  the.  Lit.  of  the  Last  Fifty  Years. 

"  The  specimens  we  have  already  given  [of  Kilmeny]  will  enable 
the  reader  to  judge  of  the  style  and  manner  of  this  singular  com- 
posilion;  upon  the  strength  of  which  alone  we  should  feel  our- 
selves completely  justified  in  assuring  the  author  that  no  doubt 
can  be  entertained  that  he  is  a  poet,  in  the  highest  acceptation 
of  the  name." — Loan  Jeffrey:  Edin.  Jtev.,  Noik  1S14. 

"The  Legend  of  Kilmeny  is  as  beautiful  as  any  thing  in  that 
department  of  poetry.  It  contains  a  fine  moral : — that  purity  of 
bt-art  makes  an  earthly  creature  a  welcome  denizen  of  heaven; 
and  the  tone  and  imagery  are  all  frau-iht  with  a  tenderness  and 
grace  that  are  as  unearthly  as  the  subject  of  the  legend."- — Howitt's 
Humes  and  Haunts  of  the  Brit.  Poets. 

"  Kilmeny  has  been  the  theme  of  universal  admiration,  and 
deservedly  so,  for  it  is  what  Warton  would  have  denominated 
'pure  poetry.'  It  is.  for  the  most  part,  the  glorious  emanation  of 
a  sublime  fancy, — the  spontaneous  sprouting  forth  of  amaranthine 
flowers  of  sentiment, — the  bubbling  out  and  welling  over  of  in- 
spiration's fountain." — J).  M.  Mom:  I^tet.  Lit.  of  the  Past  Half- 
Century. 

An  acute  critic,  already  quoted,  after  noticing  Hogg's 
defects  as  a  prose-writer,  evinces  a  disposition  to  do  full 
justice  to  his  real  merits: 

"  When  he  chooses  to  be  simple  and  unaffected,  there  are  few 
to  match  him:  his  Wool-Gatherer,  Home  of  his  Winter  ^'igbt'a 


UOG 


HOL 


Tales, — which,  instead  of  lengthening  the  nights,  as  a  surly  critic 
averrfd,  shortened  them  for  thousands, — his  Brownie  of  liode- 
becli,  and  indeed  all  his  fictions,  exhibit  mucli  of  the  innocence 
and  truth  and  blanielessness  of  pastoral  life.  In  his  finer  moods, 
no  one  has  equalled  him  in  the  rare  power  of  uniting  the  elegance 
of  superstitious  fancy  with  the  realities  of  life." — Allan  Cunning- 
ham :  uli  supra. 

The  name  of  the  author  of  The  Queen's  Wake  will  recall 
to  many  the  beautiful  extemporaneous  tribute  of  Words- 
worth on  hearing  of  the  death  of  bis  brother  poet : 
*•  When  first,  descending  from  the  moorlands, 
I  saw  the  stream  of  Yarrow  glide 
Along  a  bare  and  open  valley, 

The  Ettrick  Shepherd  was  my  guide,"  Ac. 

Hogg,  John.     Serins.,  1759,  75.  both  8vo. 

Hogg,  Robert,  co-editor  of  the  Cottage  Gardener. 
1.  British  Pomology,  Lon.,  1851,  8vo.  2.  Manual  of  Fruits. 
3.  The  Dahlia.  185*:^,  r.  8vo.  4.  The  Vegetable  Kingdom 
and  its  Products,  1858,  cr.  8fo. 

Hogg,  Thomas.  St.  Michael's  Mount;  a  Poem, 
ISll,  4to. 

Hogg,  Thomas.  The  Fabulous  Hist,  of  the  Ancient 
Kingdom  of  Cornwall,  Lon.,  1827,  8vo. 

Hogg,  Thomas,  Florist,  of  Paddington  Green,  Mid- 
dlesex. 1.  Grovfth  and  Cult,  of  the  Carnation;  6th  cd., 
18;j9,  12mo.  See  Lnn.  Monthly  Censor,  Oct.  1822.  See 
also  Trans.  Hortie.  Soc. 

Hoggard,  Miles.     See  Huggard. 

Hoker,  or  Hooker,  John.     See  Hooker. 

Holberry,  3Iark.    Farewell  Serm.,  Leeds,  1770,  8vo. 

Holborne,  Anthony.  The  Cittbarn  Soboole,  1597. 
The  cittern  or  cithern  (Latin,  cithora,  a  harp  or  lyre) 
was  a  stringed  musical  instrument,  similar  to  a  guitar. 

Holbourne,  Sir  Robert,  M.P.,  d.  1617,  an  eminent 
lawyer  temp.  Charles  L  1.  Readings  upon  the  Statute 
25  Edw.  III.,  cap.  2,  of  Treasons.  To  which  is  added 
Brown's  Cases  of  Treasons,  Oxf.,  1642.  4to.  2.  The  Free- 
holder's Grand  Inquest  rel.  to  the  King  and  Pari.  This 
bears  the  name  of  Sir  Robert  Filmer.  who  repub.  it  in 
1679  and  1680.  8vo,  with  observ.  on  Forms  of  Govern- 
ment. See  Athen.  Oxon  ;  Lloyd's  Memoirs,  vol.  i. ;  Bridg- 
man's  Leg.  Bibl. 

Holbrook,  Anthony.     Serms.,  Ac,  1715-31. 

Holbrook,  J.,  Special  Agent  U.  States  Post-Office 
Department.  Ten  Years  among  the  Mnil-Bags,  Phila., 
1856,  12mo,  pp.  432.     A  valuable  and  entertaining  work. 

Holbrook,  John  Edwards,  M.D.,  b.  at  Beaufort, 
S.  Carolina,  1795,  a  graduate  of  Brown  University,  Provi- 
dence. R.  Island,  has  been,  since  1824,  Professor  of  Ana- 
tomy in  the  Medical  College  of  the  State  of  S.  Carolina. 
1.  American  Herpetology;  or,  a  Description  of  Reptiles 
inhabiting  the  United  States,  Phila.,  1842,  5  vols.  sm.  4to; 
$50.  2.  Southern  Ichthyology,  embracing  Georgia,  Florida, 
and  South  Carolina.  It  was  discontinued  after  two  numbers 
were  pub.,  the  field  being  considered  too  extensive  by  the  au- 
thor, as  he  had  to  make  all  his  drawings  from  life.  He  is 
now  publishing  a  work  on  the  Fishes  of  South  Carolina, 
ten  numbers  of  which  have  made  their  appearance.  Such 
useful  labourers  in  the  walks  of  scientific  research  are 
worthy  of  all  commendation. 

Holbrooke,  \V.,  M.D.  Mischiefs  arising  from  swal- 
lowing Plumb-stones;  Phil.  Trans.,  1710. 

Holcombe,  James  P.  1.  Introduc.  to  Equity  Ju- 
risprudence, Cin.,  1846,  Svo.  2.  A  Selection  of  Leading 
Cases  upon  Commercial  Law,  Phila.,  1847,  Svo;  N.  Y(>fk, 
1848,  8vo.  3.  Digest  of  the  Decisions  of  the  Supreme  Ct. 
V.  States  from  its  commencement  to  the  present  time, 
1848,  Svo. 

"  As  a  compact  and  convenient  index  to  near  fifty  volumes  of 
reports,  it  must  prove  very  useful  to  the  profession." — Levi  Wood- 

BDRY. 

4.  Law  of  Debtor  and  Creditor  in  the  U.  States  and 
Canada,  Phila.,  1S48,  Svo  ;  N.  York,  1851,  Svo.  5.  Smith's 
Compendium  of  Mercantile  Law,  edited  by  J.  P.  Hol- 
combe and  W.  Y.  Gholson;  greatly  enlarged,  &c,,  1850, 
Svo.  New  ed.,  greatly  enlarged  from  last  London  edit., 
1855,  Svo,  pp.  775. 

Holcombe,  \Vm.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1789,  4to. 

Holcombe,  \\m,  II.,  M.D.  The  Scientific  Basis 
of  HcinKcopatby,  Ciu.,  ]2mu. 

Ilolcot,  Robert,  i.e.  Richard  de  Bnry,  7.  v. 

Holcroil,  Miss  Fanny,  daughter  of  the  folhiwing. 
1.  Memoirs  of  Coudc  ;  from  the  French  of  Conde,  1807, 
8vo.  2.  The  Wife  and  the  Lover;  a  Nov.,  1813,  3  vols. 
12mo.     3.  Fortitude  and  Frailty,  1817,  4  vols. 

Holcroft,  Thomas,  1744-1809,  a  native  of  London, 

the  son  of  a  shoemaker,  after  being  a  groom  and  an  actor, 

commenced  writing  for  the  stage,  and  )iecamo  the  author 

of  a  number  of  plays,  poems,  novels,  and  translations  from 

£62 


the  French  and  German.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Society 
!oi,-(?onslitutional  Reform;  and  learning,  in  1794,  that  he 
was  indicted,  he  voluntarily  resigned  himself  to  the  proper 
authorities  ;  but,  upon  the  acquittal  of  Hardy,  Holcroft 
and  the  other  prisoners  mentioned  in  the  indictment  were 
discharged  without  a  trial.  His  best-known  plays  (over 
thirty  of  which  are  registered  in  the  Biog.  Dramat.)  are — 

1.  Duplicity;  a  Com.,  Lon.,  1781,  Svo.     Very  successful. 

2.  The  School  for  Arrogance  ;  a  Com.,  1791,  Svo.  3.  The 
Road  to  Ruin  ;  a  Com.,  1792,  Svo. 

*'  This  comedy  ranks  among  the  most  successful  of  modern  plays. 
There  is  merit  in  the  writing,  hut  much  more  in  that  dramatic 
science  which  disposes  characters,  scenes,  and  dialoj^ue,  with  mi- 
nute attention  to  theatric  ambition.'" — Mas.  Incuuald. 

"Mr.  Holcroft,  in  his  Road  to  Ruin,  set  the  ex.imple  of  that 
style  of  comedy  in  whirh  the  slong  phrases  of  jockey  noblemen 
and  the  humours  of  the  four-in-hand  club  are  blended  with  the 
romantic  sentiments  of  distressed  damsels  and  philosophic  wait- 
ing-maids,  and  in  whiih  he  h.-^s  been  imitated  by  the  most  suc- 
ci-ssful  of  our  living  writers,  unless  we  make  a  SL'p:irate  class  for 
the  school  of  Cumberland.'' — HazlitCs  Lects.  oti  the  C'vmic  WriUrs 
of  th&  Last  Ctntury. 

4.  The  Deserted  Daughter;  a  Cora.,  1795,  Svo.  Very 
successful.  Of  his  novels,  among  the  most  popular  were — 
5.  Alwyn;  or,  the  Gentleman  Comedian,  1780.  6.  Anna 
St.  Ives,  1792,  7  vols.  12mo.  Tolerably  successful.  7. 
Hugh  Trevor,  1794,  3  vols.  12mo.  8.  Bryan  Perdue,  1805, 
3  vols.  sm.  Svo.  In  17S3,  4to,  he  pub.  {{).)  Human  Hap- 
piness, or  the  Sceptic  ;  a  Poem  ; — a  work  of  bad  tendency; 
and  in  1806,  2  vols.  12mo,  gave  to  the  world  (10.)  Tales  in 
Verse,  Critical,  Satirical,  and  Humorous.  See  Miss  Mit- 
ford's  Recollec.  of  a  Lit.  Life;  Edin.  Rev.,  x.  101-111. 
Of  his  translations  we  may  instance — 11.  Caroline  of  Lich- 
field :  from  the  French,  1780,  3  vols.  Svo.  12.  Life  of 
Frederic,  Baron  Trenck;  from  the  German,  17S8,  3  vols. 
12mo. 

'■  If  ever  one  happens  to  take  up  an  English  version  of  a  Trench 
or  German  Look  of  that  period. — Memoirs  of  Baron  Ti-enck,  or 
Caroline  de  bitchfield,— and  if  that  versiou  have  in  it  the  zest 
and  savour  of  original  writing,  we  shall  be  sure  to  find  the  name 
of  Thomas  Holcroft  in  the  title-page." — Miss  Mitford:    uhi  siipra. 

13.  Posthumous  Works  of  Frederic  II.,  King  of  Prussia; 
from  the  French,  1789,  3  vols.  Svo.  For  this  translation 
Holcroft  is  said  to  have  received  about  £1200.  See  Prof. 
Smyth's  Lects.  on  Mod.  Hist.  14.  Lavater's  Essays  on 
Physiognomy;  from  the  German,  1793,  3  vols,  large  Svo. 
360  engravings;  £5  5s.  15.  Herman  and  Dorothea;  from 
the  German  of  Goethe,  1801,  Svo.  In  1S04  he  pub.  (16.) 
Travels  fr(jm  Hamburgh,  through  Westjihalia,  Holland, 
and  the  Netherlands,  to  Paris,  1806,  2  vols.  4to. 

"Upon  the  whole,  we  think  that  this  book  is  a  great  deal  too 
long,  and  that  it  has  attained  this  magnitude  by  the  most  intrepid 
and  extensive  application  of  the  approved  recipes  for  book-making 
that  has  yet  come  under  our  consideration."' — Lokd  jEFFREr :  Edin. 
Rev.,  iv.  84-99,  q.  v. 

In  1S15,  3  vols.  ]2mo,  appeared  (17.)  his  Memoirs  written 
by  himself,  continued  [by  AVm.  HazHtt,  Sr.]  to  the  lime  of 
his  Death,  from  his  Diary,  Notes,  and  other  Papers.  A 
new  ed,  was  pub.  in  Longman's  Travellers'  Library  in  1851, 
in  2  Pts. ;  also  in  1  vol. ;  and  an  abridgment  will  be  found 
in  Miss  Mitford's  Recollections  of  a  Literary  Life.  See 
also  Hazlitt's  First  Acquaintance  with  Poets;  Biog.  Dra- 
mat. ;  and  Lon.  Gent.  Mag.  It  is  but  justice  to  the  memory 
of  Holcroft  to  remark  that  he  is  said  to  have  renounced 
his  irreligious  opinions  when  he  found  him.-^elf  about 
visiting  a  world  where  they  were  not  likely  to  prove  of 
much  benefit  to  him. 

Molilen,  Rev.  G.,  d.  at  Tatham,  near  Lancaster, 
England,  1793,  was  the  author  of  an  annual  publication 
entitled  Holden's  Tide-Table. 

Holden,  George,  Perpetual  Curate  of  MayhuU, 
Liverpool ;  one  of  the  most  eminent  of  modern  Hebraists. 
1.  An  Attempt  towards  an  improved  Trans,  of  the  Proverbs 
of  Solomon,  Liverp.,  1819,  Svo. 

"This  is  the  most  valuable  help  to  the  critical  understanding 
of  the  Book  of  Proverbs  extant  in  our  language." — H<jrnc's  Bibl, 
Bib. 

2.  The  Scripture  Testimonies  to  the  Divinity  of  our 
Lord,  collected  and  Illustrated,  Lon.,  1820,  Svo.  3.  An 
Attempt  tu  illustrate  the  Book  of  Ecclesiastes,  1822.  Svo. 

'■The  best  th:it  has  fallen  under  the  notice  of  the  writer  of  the 
presL-nt  work." — IJomes  Bill.  Bib. 

Another  eminent  authority  remarks  of  this  and  the 
work  on  the  Proverbs,  (No.  1,  ante:) 

"  These  two  works  are  among  the  ablest  pieces  of  biblical  illus- 
tration with  which  we  have  lately  been  furnished.  The  author  is 
evidently  an  excellent  Hebrew  scholar." — Orme\<;  Bibl.  Bib. 

4.  A  Dissert,  on  the  Fall  of  Man;  in  which  the  Literal 
Sense  of  the  Mosaic  Account  of  that  Event  is  asserted  and 
vindicated,  1823,  Svo. 

"All  the  elTortsof  perverted  criticism  to  reduce  the  Mosaic  His- 
tory of  the  Fall  of  Man  to  allegory,  fable,  or  niythos,  are  here 


examined  in  detail ;  and  the  objections  of  its  adverBarics  to  the 
literal  sense  of  that  history  are  minutdn  and  satisfaclorily  retuted. 
—Hunics  BiU.  nib. 

5.  The  Christian  Sabbath,  1825,  Svo.  This  valuable 
vol.  contains  a  list  of  li6  writers  upon  the  same  subject. 
6.  The  Christian  Expositor,  or  Practical  Guide  to  the 
Study  of  the  New  Test. ;  intended  for  the  Use  of  General 
Readers,  1830,  12uio ;  2d  ed.,  1837,  12mo. 

"  The  t.-isk  is  accomplished  with  great  intellii^ence  and  learning." 
—ion.  Mmilli.  Hev..  Juhi,  1830,  pp.  40S-169. 

"  The  reader  who  has  recourse  to  his  pages  for  the  interpretation 
of  really  difficult  passages  will  rarely,  if  ever,  be  disappointed." — 
Jjon.  Cltris.  Jietiteiiib. 

See  Home's  Bibl.  Bib.,  265,  306. 

7.  The  Christian  E.tpositor,  Old  Test,  1834,  12mo. 
"  Not  only  general  readers,  butalso  criticil  students,  m.ay  gladly, 

profitably,  and  safely  avail  themselves  of  Mr.  Ilulden's  labours, 
without  any  apprehension  of  having  imposed  upon  them  the  neo- 
logian  iutei-pietatiuns  of  modern  German  critics  and  commenta- 
tors. Every  page  indicates  .Mr.  Ilolden's  intimate  acquaintance 
with  all  the  liest  exegetical  works  ou  the  Holy  Scriptures,  both 
British  and  Foreign." — Home's  Bibl.  Bib.,  '2ri5. 

8.  Scriptural  Vindication  of  Church  Establishments, 
1836,  12mo.  9.  Authority  of  Tradition  in  Matters  of  Re- 
ligion, 1838,  12mo.  10.  Treatise  on  Justification,  1840, 
12uio. 

Holden,  Henry,  D.D.,  1596-1662,  a  learned  R.  Ca- 
tholic divine,  a  nalive  of  Lancashire,  was  educated  at 
Douay,  where  he  took  the  name  of  Johnson,  and  from 
1623  "until  his  death  was  attached  to  the  University  of 
Paris.  1.  Divina>  Fidel  Analysis,  Paris,  1C52,  Svo.  Editio 
altera,  printed  by  Barbuu,  1767,  12mo.  In  English,  by 
W.  G.,  1658,  4to. 

"  An  excellent  work,  and  comprises,  in  a  few  words,  the  whole 
economy  of  religion." — VAvficat. 

Dupin  gives  an  analysis  of  this  work,  and  commends 
it,  and  Charles  Buller  also  speaks  highly  of  it.  2.  Mar- 
ginal Notes  on  the  New  Test.,  1660,  2  vols.  12ino.  3.  Lett, 
cone.  AVhite's  I>e  Medio  Auimarum  Statu,  llifil,  4to.  4. 
Tract,  de  Schisuiato.  5.  Tract,  de  Usura.  See  Dupin; 
Dodd's  Ch.  Hist.;  Biog.  Univ. 

Holden,  Horace.  A  Narrative  of  his  Shipwreck, 
i-c,  Bi>st.,  1836.  Sec  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  xliii.  206;  Lieber's 
Essays  on  Property,  Ac. 

Holden,  UevI  Hubert  Ashton.  1.  Foliorum  Sil- 
vula:  Selcc.  for  Lat.  and  Gr.  Verse,  Canib.,  1852,  p.  Svo;  2d 
ed.,  1857.  Pt.  2, 1867;  2ded.,  1858.  2.  Foliorum  Centuria;: 
Selec.  for  Lat.  and  Gr.  Proso,  1852,  p.  Svo;  2d  ed.,  1858. 
Holden,  J.  Scrm.  at  Nortian,  Sussct,  1S12. 
Holden,  John.  Essay  towards  a  Rational  System 
of  Music,  Glasg.,  1770,  4to ;  Edin.,  1807,  8vo. 

Holden,  L.  1.  A  Manual  of  the  Dissection  of  the 
Human  Body,  Lon.,  1849-50,  3  Pts.  p.  Svo.  2.  Human 
Osteology,  18"55,  Svo,  2d  ed.,  1857. 

Holden,  Ijanrence,a  Unitarian  minister  of  Maldon, 
Essex,  England,  b.  1710.  1.  XXIL  Serms.,  Lon.,  1755, 
Svo.  2.  Fast  Serm.,  1757,  Svo.  3.  A  Paraphrase  of  the 
Book  of  Job,  Psalms.  Proverbs,  and  Ecclesiastes,  with 
Kotes,  Crit.,  Hist,  and  Prac.,  1763,  4  vols.  Svo. 

"This  is  one  of  the  worst  specimens  in  the  Knglish  language 
of  paraphrastic  interpretation." — Orme's  Bibl.  Bd). 

"  To  what  class  of  readers  this  performance  will  be  useful  or 
agreeable,  we  really  know  not;  but  this  wo  verily  believe,  that 
persons  of  taste,  learning,  or  judgment,  will  find  very  little  iu  it 
to  engage  their  attention." — Lon.  M'mth.  AVr.,  0.  .?.,  xxxi  73. 

"The  public  opinion  seems  to  have  been  in  unison  with  that  of 
the  Monthly  Heviewers;  the  book  has  never  been  popular,  and  it 
is  to  be  purchased  at  a  very  low  price;  on  which  account,  this 
notice  is  inserted  as  a  caution  to  the  student  who  may  be  inex- 
perienced in  the  real  value  of  books." — Home's  Bilil.  Bib. 

4.  Paraphrase  on  Isaiah,  Chehnsf.,  1776,  2  vols.  Svo. 
"In  little  estimation." — Lowndes's  Brit.  Lib. 

5.  Fnnl.  Serm.,  Tenderden,  1813.  Svo. 
Holden,  K.  Doctrine  of  R.  Catholics  cone,  the  Eccles. 

Guide  in  t!ontroversies  of  Religion,  [by  R.  H.,]  1623. 

Holden,  Samuel.  Answer  to  a  Letter  to  S.  H.,  Lon., 
1732,  Svo. 

Holden,  Thomas.  Shoe-making  Machine;  Nic. 
Jour..  ISilli. 

Holden,  Rev.  Wni.  C,  fifteen  years  a  resident  at 
the  colony  of  Natal,  South  Africa.  History  of  the  Colony 
of  Natal,"  Lon.,  1855,  Svo. 

'■  The  information  contained  in  this  history  evinces  much  care 
and  diligence  iu  its  collection,  and  may  be  regarded  as  fully  re- 
liable."— Lmi.  Qnar.  Ji'ev. 

"It  is  the  best  book  that  we  have  seen  on  Natal." — Lo7l.  Eclec. 
Scv. 

Holder,  Rev.  Henry  Evans,  of  Barbadoes,  pub.  a 
number  of  Discourses,  a  novel,  a  poem,  and  theolog.  and 
educational  works,  1783-98. 

Holder,  William,  D.D.,  d.  1697.  Canon  of  Ely  and 
of  St  Paul's.  1.  Elements  of  Speech,  Lon.,  1669,  Svo. 
Commended  by  Charles  Burney,  Mus.  Doc.     2.  Supp.  to 


IIOL 

Phil.  Trans,  of  July,  1670,  4to,  1678.  3.  Discourse  on 
Time,  1694,  1701,  Svo.  4.  Principles,  ic.  of  Harmony, 
1694,  Svo.  See  also  Phil.  Trans.,  1694.  5.  Introductio 
ad  Chronologiam,  O.xf..  1704,  Svo.  6.  On  Deafness  ;  Phil. 
Trans.,  1608.  See  Athen.  Oxon. ;  Ward's  Gresham  Pro- 
fessors: Letters  from  the  Bodleian  Lib.,  1813,  3  vols.  Svo; 

T^Qgg  S   C'VC* 

Hold'erness,  Mary.  1.  Manners  and  Customs  of 
the  Crim  Tartars,  12mo.  2.  Journey  from  Riga  to  the 
Crimea,  1823,  Svo.  This  lady  resided  four  years  in  the 
Crimea.     3.  A  Manual  of  Devotion,  1825,  12mo. 

Holdich,  Joseph,  D.D.,  a  Methodist  minister,  b.  in 
Thorney  Fen,  Cambridgeshire,  England,  admitted  into 
tho  Phila.  Conference,  1822;  Prot  of  Moral  Science  and 
Bcllcs-Lettres  in  the  Wesleyan  Univ.,  MidJletown.  Conn., 
1S35-49;  a  secretary  of  the  American  Bible  Society,  1S49 
to  the  present  time.  1.  Bible  Questions.  2.  Bible  History. 
3.  Memoirs  of  Aaron  H.  Hurd.  4.  Life  of  Wilbur  Fisk.D.D., 
N.  York,  1842,  Svo.  Dr.  U.  has  also  contributed  a  number 
of  articles  to  periodicals. 

Holditch,  Benjamin.  Hist  of  Crowland  Abbey  ; 
digested  Irom  materials  collected  by  Mr.  Gough,  1816,  Svo. 
Perhaps  the  same  person  as  tho  next. 

Holditch,  Benjamin,  1770-1S24,  editor  of  the 
Farmer's  Journal.  1.  The  Weeds  of  Agriculture,  1825,  Svo. 
Posth. ;  pub.  by  Geo.  Sinclair. 

"  No  Ijetter  work  can  be  iu  the  hands  of  the  tiller  of  the  soil.  — 
Donaldson's  Agricult.  Biog. 

2.  Ewes  in  the  Lambing  Season.  He  left  some  addit. 
papers  on  British  Grasses,  which  were  not  pub.  See  Do- 
nalilson's  Agricult.  Biog. 

Holditch,  Rob.  Emigrant's  Guide  to  America, 
Economical  and  Political,  1818.  Svo. 

Holdreth,  Lionel  H.     Shadows  of  the  Past,  Lon., 

1S56.  ^      , 

"  They  seem  to  h.ave  been  suggested  by  real  experience,  and  not 
to  spring  from  the  vague  determination  to  write  poetry.  The 
echoes  of  the  Tennysouian  music  predominate  in  these  poems,  as 
they  do  in  most  volumes  of  verse  that  we  open."  — Htsi»ii;iifer 
Jiet!.,  July,  1856. 

Holdsworth,  Edward,  1688-1747,  an  excellent 
scholar,  educated  at  Magdalen  Hall,  Oxford.  1.  Musci- 
pula ;  a  Latin  Poem.  There  is  an  English  trans,  of  this  by 
J.  Hoadly  in  Dodsley's  Miscellanies,  vol.  v.,  and  another 
tr.ans.  among  Dr.Cobden's  Poems  ;  also  trans,  by  R.  Lewis, 
1728.  2.  The  Two  Phillipi  in  Virgil's  Georgics,  1741,  4to. 
3.  Remarks,  Ac.  on  Virgil;  pub.  by  Joseph  Spence,  with 
addits.,  176S,  4to.  See  Spence's  Pulymetis;  Nichols's  Lit 
Anec. ;  Nichols's  Hist  of  Leicestershire ;  Gent  Mag.,  vol. 
Ui. 

Holdsworth,  Holsworth,  Oldsworth,  or  Oldis- 
worth,  Richard,  D.D.,  1590-1649.  educated  at  and 
Fellow  of  St.  John's  Coll.,  Canib.  ;  Prof,  of  Divinity  at 
Gresham  Colt,  1629;  Preb.  of  Lincoln,  1631 ;  .'irchJcacon 
of  Huntingdon,  1633;  Master  of  Emanuel  Coll.,  Camb., 
1637.  He  was  attached  to  the  cause  of  Charles  I.,  and 
twice  imprisoned  by  the  Republicans.  1.  Serm.,  Ps.  cxliv. 
15;  II.  M.  Inaug.,  Camb.,  1642,  4to.  2.  Answer  without 
a  Question,  Lon.,  1649.  3.  Valley  of  Vision;  in  twenty- 
one  Serms.,  1651,  4to, 

"  The  author  was  composed  of  a  learned  head,  a  gracious  heart, 
a  bountiful  hand,  and  a  patient  back  comfortably  and  cheerfully 
to  endure  such  heavy  afflictions  as  were  laid  upon  him."— Tliomas 
FtdUr's  Pri'J'ace. 

4.  Prielccliones  Theological,  1661,  fol.  Pub.  by  his 
nephew.  Dr.  Wm.  Pearson,  with  a  life  of  the  author,  q.  v. 
See  also  Ward's  Gresham  Professors;  Athen.  Oxon.; 
Barwick'sLife;  Walker's  Sufferings  of  the  Clergy;  Lloyd's 
Memoirs,  vol.  i. ;  Peck's  Desiderata,  vol.  ii. 

Holdsworth,  W.  Natural  Short-Hand.  See  Ald- 
RinfM-',  W. 

Holdsworth,  Winch,  D.D.  1.  Serm.,  John  v.  28,  29, 
Oxf.,  17211,  Svu.  This  serin.,  on  the  resurrection  of  the 
same  body,  directed  against  Locke  and  others,  occasioned 
some  controversy.  2.  Defence  of  the  Resurrection  of  tho 
same  Body,  Lon.,  1727,  Svo.  Also  against  the  views  of 
Mr.  Locke. 

Hole,  John.  Dictionary  of  Music,  1791,  Svo. 
Hole,  Matthew,  d.  1730?  aged  about  90,  entered 
Exeter  College,  Oxford,  1657;  Fellow,  1663;  Preb.  of 
Wells,  16S7;  Vicar  of  Stoke  Courcy,  about  1687;  Rector 
of  his  College,  1715.  He  is  best  known  by  the  following 
excellent  works,  i.e.  Nos.  1,  2,  and  3.  1.  Prac.  Expos,  of  the 
Church  Catechism,  Lon.,  1708,  4to  ;  1715,  2  vols.  Svo; 
vol.  i.,  3d  ed.,  1732,  Svo  ;  vol.  ii.  1731,  Svo. 

"  This  is  an  elaborate  exposition,  though  deficient  in  the  full 
statement  of  evangelical  motives.  There  are  others  by  Kenn, 
Wake.  Marsh,  James  Stilliiigtieet,  the  Bristol  Tract  Society,  Basil. 
Woodd,  Dixon,  &c." — BicherslflU's  Chris.  i'(u. 

863 


IIOL 


HOL 


1    2.  Prac.  Discourses  on  all  llic  Parts  and  Offices  of  th?  < 
Liturgy  of   the   Church  of  Eng.,    1714-16,   6   vols.   8vo. 
Often  bound  in  4  or  5  vols.     New  ed.,  by  Rev.  J.  A.  Giles, 
1837-38,  4  vols.  8vo. 

'■An  elaborate  practical  work,  but  not  duly  exhibit iu^  evan- 
gelical motives." — Bicktrstdli  s  C.  S. 

3.  Prac.  Discourses  on  Charity,  Oxf.,  1725,  Svo. 

An  eminent  authority  remarks  of  the  three  works  above 
noticed, 

*'  They  are  all  characterized  by  good  sense  and  sober  piety." — 
Barm's  BM.  Bih. 

4.  Serms.  on  Acts  xiv.  17,  1720,  8vo.  5.  On  Matt.  .^i. 
6,  1721,  Svo.  6.  On  Acts  v.  38,  39.  7.  On  1  Tim.  vi.  9, 
10,  1721,  8vo.  lie  also  pub.  several  separate  serms.,  and 
some  thcolog.  treatises. 

Hole,  ICichai'd,  d.  1803,  succeeded  to  the  living  of 
Farringdon  in  17112.  1.  Fingal,  in  rhyme.  2.  Homer's 
Hymn  to  Cere*,  in  English  verse,  1781,  Svo. 

'•A  beautiful  translatiini,  thnuyh  somewhat  too  paraphra.'itic." 

3.  Arthur:  a  Poet.  Romance.  1789,  4to.  4.  Remarks  on 
the  Arabian  Nights,  1797,  Svo.  See  Foster,  Rkv.  Edward, 
p.  616.     5.  Character  of  Homer's  Ulysses,  1807,  Svo. 

Hole,  Robert.  Parthenia  luviolata;  or,  Mayden- 
Musick  for  the  Virginalls,  4to. 

Hole,  Will.,  D.D.  Archdeacon  of  Staple,  son  of  the 
preceding.  1.  Ohscrv.  upon  Ornaments  in  Churches,  4to. 
2.  Serm.,  0.\f.,  1743,  Svo. 

Holford,  George,  M.P.  1.  Poems,  1789.  2.  Destruc. 
of  Jerusalem.  1S05,  Svo.  3.  Observ:itions,  1S08,  Svo.  4. 
Speech,  1814,  Svo.  5.  Speech,  1815,  Svo.  6.  Thoughts  on 
the  Criminal  Pri.'ons  of  this  Country,  1821.  See  Rev. 
Sydney  Smith's  Works,  Lon.,  1854,  ii.  202-239. 

Holford,  Mrs.  M.,  of  Chester.  1.  Fanny  and  Selina ; 
a  Tale.  With  Gresford  Vale,  and  other  Poems,  Lon.,  1798, 
12mo.  2.  Gresford  Vale,  Ac,  1798,  4to.  3.  Neither's  the 
Man;  a  Com.,  1799,  Svo.  4.  First  Impressions;  a  Nov., 
ISOl,  4  vols.  12n)0.     5.  Way  to  Win  her;  a  Com.,  1814. 

Holford,  Miss  Margaret.     See  Hodson,  Mns. 

Holgate,  Jerome  B.  1.  Atlas  of  American  Hist., 
1492-1842,  N.  York,  1842.  fol.  2.  Key  to  Historical  Chart. 
1838,  Svo.  3.  Conversations  on  the  Present  Age  of  the 
World,  in  connection  with  Prophecy,  Albany,  1852,  12mo. 
4.  American  Genealogy;  being  a"  Hist,  of  some  of  the 
Early  Settlers  of  N.  America,  and  their  Descendants, 
1856,  4to. 

Holiband,  Claudius.     See  Hollyband. 

Holiday,  Baiteii.     See  Holvday. 

Holiushed,  Holinsliead,  Holiiigslied,  or  Hoi- 
lynshed,  Kai>hael,  known  by  Ihe  valuable  chronicles 
that  go  under  his  name,  was  descended  from  a  family 
which  lived  at  Bosely,  in  Cheshire,  and  died  between  1578 
and  1582;  and  this  is  .all  that  has  been  ascertained  respect- 
ing him.  The  Chronicles  of  Englande,  Scotlande,  and 
Irel.and,  Lon.,  1577,  2  vols.  fol.  This  is  the  first — or 
"  Shakspeare"  (so  called  because  used  by  the  great  bard 
in  the  arrangement  of  some  of  his  plots)— edition.  It 
contains  many  wood-cuts,  which  were  omitted  and  the 
language  altered  in  the  2d  edit.,  which  appeared  in 
1686-87,  3  vols,  fol.:  commonly  bound  in  two.  'This  edit, 
was  supervised,  corrected,  and  enlarged  by  Abraham 
Fleming,  and  his  brother  Samuel  assisted  in  compiling 
the  elaborate  inde.x.  Holinsbed  was  not  the  sole  author 
of  these  Chronicles.  Vol.  i.  was  partly  composed  by  Wil- 
liam Harrison,  (q.  r.,  pp.  793-794 :)  vol.  ii.  by  Richard 
Stanihurst;  John  Hooker,  o/iog  Vowell  ;  R.  H.orW.  H., 
(probably  Wm.  Harrison;)  Francis  Boteville.  ciUus  Thin  ; 
and  others;  vol.  iii.  by  John  Stow,  Fr.  Thin,  Abr.  Fle- 
ming, and  others.  Vol.  i.  gives  us  an  Historical  Description 
of  Britain  by  Harrison,  and  the  History  of  England, 
"from  the  lime  that  it  was  lirst  inhabited  until  the  time 
that  it  was  last  conquered,"  by  Holinshed.  Vol.  ii.  con- 
tains the  History  of  Ireland,  by  Holinshed,  Ac,  to  1509, 
and  from  1509  to  1586,  by  Stanihurst  and  Hooker;  also 
tlio  History  of  Scotland  to  1571,  by  Holinshed:  and  from 
1571  to  1586,  by  Boteville  and  others.  Vol.  iii.  contains 
the  History  of  England  from  William  the  Conqncnir  to 
1577,  by  Holinshed;  and  from  1577  to  1586,  by  Stow,  Fr. 
Thin,  Fleming,  and  others. 

•'The  Continuation  from  1576  to  15S6  contained  several  curious 
particulars,  which  gave  great  olTeuce  at  the  time  of  publication, 
and  were  accordingly  suppressed,  wherehy,  says  Herbert,  the  pag- 
ing from  1220  to  1275  is  very  irregular.  Accoiding  to  Niiolson, 
they  extend  from  1491  to  1630.  These  are  called  the  Castrations 
of  Holinshed,  and  were  republished  by  Dr.  Drake,  in  1728,  in  black- 
letter,  in  a  thin  folio  volume.  The  curious,  however,  necessarily 
look  shajply  after  the  original  pages.  A  copy  of  this  kind  was  in 
the  Ilarleian  and  another  in  Dr.  Mead's  collection."— Z/iWiii's  Lib 
Cawp. 

The  credit  of  the  plan  of  Uolinshed's  Chronicle  seems 


to  be  due  to  Reginald  Wolfe,  the  king's  printer,  who  de- 
sighed  originally  nothing  less  than  a  "universal  Cos- 
mography of  the  whole  world."  In  1807-08,  6  vols.  4to, 
appeared  a  new  ed.  of  the  Chronicles,  in  which  the  Cas- 
trations are  restored.  A  copious  Index — that  rare  luxury 
— adds  to  the  value  of  this  noble  set  of  quartos.  Copies 
are  worth  about  £6  to  £7,  according  to  condition  and 
binding.  Copies  of  the  1st  and  2d  eds.  have  been  sold 
for  high  prices.  Of  the  1st  ed..  Nassau's  copy  sold  for 
£15  15«. ;  Steevens's  for  £22.  Of  the  2d  ed.,  Steevens's 
sold  for  £23;  Reed's  for  £23  10».;  the  Ro.\burghe  for 
£31  ]0«.;  Willett's  for  £36  4«.  Bd.;  Sir  Robert  Smyth's 
for  £40.  AVe  are  now  quoting  the  highest  prices  with 
which  we  are  acquainted,  with  the  exception  of  the  re- 
markable copy  (a  large-paper,  if  there  were  any  on  large 
paper)  in  4  vols.,  purchased  by  Richard  Heber  from  Col. 
Stanley's  collection  for  £63.  The  reprint  of  1807-08  htis 
diminished  the  value  of  the  earlier  edits.  Hooker's  trans, 
from  the  Latin  of  Giraldus's  Conquest  of  England,  in 
Holinshed's  Chronicles,  has  been  highly  commended: 

"  Barry's  topogiapbical  labours  appear  to  the  best  advantage  in 
Holinshed's  Chronicle,  translated  and  improved,  with  occasional 
notes,  by  .lohn  Hooker,  alia^  Vowell,  vol.  ii.,  edit.  1586." — JXidiri's 
Lili.  Oiiiip. 

The  same  authority  remarks  that  Holinshed's  Chronicles 
are 

"  By  far  the  most  popular  and  important  of  our  historical  records, 
in  print,  during  the  time  of  Queen  Klizabeth;  and  from  which, 
indeed,  all  niodoiu  historians  have  freely  and  largely  borrowed." 
— Ulii  sitjira. 

"The  chronicle  of  Holinshed  is  more  full  and  complete  than 
any  of  its  predecessors,  and  less  loaded  with  triHing  matters.  .  .  . 
The  Description  of  England  [Harrison's]  pretixed  to  the  first 
volume  is  the  most  interesting  and  valuable  document,  as  a  pic- 
ture of  the  country,  and  of  the  costume  and  mode  of  living  of 
its  inhabitants,  which  the  sixteenth  century  has  produced."  See 
Dralie's  Shakspeare  and  his  Times. 

"You  would  .smile  at  my  love  of  black-letter,  were  I  to  refer 
you  to  Holinshed  or  Stowe;  men,  I  assure  yon.  by  no  means  des- 
pic-able."— De.  IllCHiUn  Fakmee:  Ldt.  to  a  Friend  on  the  Study  of 
Eng.  Hist. 

See  also  Biog.  Brit.;  Tanner's  Bihliotheca;  Bishop 
Nicolson's  Hist,  Lib.;  Herbert's  Typ.  Antiq. ;  Hallam's 
Lit.  Hist,  of  Europe,  ed.  1854,  i.  447,  n.;  Hallam's  Con- 
stit.  Hist,  of  Eng.,  1S54,  i.  146,  n.,  Ac. 

A  little  experience  in  such  studies  will  replace  the  smile 
which  Dr.  Fanner  feared  by  one  of  contentnient  and  satis- 
faction, and  the  delighted  black-letter  student  will  not 
need  much  persuasion  to  induce  him  often  to  revel  in 

"Our  old  monkish  chroniclers, — those  authentic  and  amusing 
relators  of  passing  occurrences,  who  carry  the  reader  back  with 
them  by  an  irresistible  spell  to  the  days  in  which  they  lived  and 
among  the  scenes  and  persons  which  they  describe." — Lon.  Quar. 

If  he  wish  to  dive  deep  into  these  picturesque  records 
of  the  past,  we  will  aid  him  by  a  list  of  titles  of  a  set  of 
Chronicles  formerly  {perhaps  yet)  offered  for  sale  by  Mr. 
Henry  6.  Bohn,  of  Covent  Garden,  London  : — 1.  Fkois- 
SART.  by  Col.  Johnes,  4  vols.  2.  Monstrelet,  by  Col. 
Johnes,  4  vols.  3.  Robert  op  Gloucester,  2  vols.  4. 
Peter  Langtopt,  2  vols.  5.  Joinville's  Memoirs,  1 
vol.  6.  HoLiN.sHEn,  6  vols.  7.  Grafton,  2  vols.  8.  Wil- 
liam OF  Malmesbiiry,  1  voL  9.  Hall,  1  vol.  10.  Har- 
BYNC,  1  vol.  11.  Fabyan,  1  vol.  12.  Fuller's  Wor- 
thies, 2  vols.  13.  Arnold  and  Rastell,  1  vol.  In  all, 
28  vols.  r.  4to,  reprints,  1803-15.  This  noble  set  of  books 
is  richly  bound  in  olive  morocco,  gilt  in  the  old  style,  mar- 
bled and  gilt  edges,  by  no  less  a  workman  than  Clarke. 
The  price— ay,  there's  "the  rub  ! — the  price  asked  was  £105. 
Another  set,  consisting  of  a  portion  only  of  these  Chro- 
nicles, is  described  by  Dibdin  in  his  Library  Companion, 
ed.  1826.  p.  197. 

Holliot,  Robert.     See  Holcot. 

Holland,  Miss.  Progressive  Education;  trans,  of 
Madame  Necker  de  Saussure's  Progressive  Education, 
Lon.,  vols.  i.  and  ii.,  1839,  fp.  Svo;  iii.,  1843,  12mo. 

"It  is  worthy  the  attention  and  seiious  perusal  of  every  teacher, 
every  parent,  every  m.agistrate  or  diviue,  in  the  kingdom." — Lon. 
EdttraliiiiiaJ  Mag. 

Hollaiid,'Capt.  Observ.  on  the  Islands  of  St.  John 
and  Cnpe  Breton;  Phil.  Trans..  1768. 

Holland,  Abraham.      Naumachia;    or,  Holland's 

Sea-Fight.  Lon.,  1022,  4fo.     This  is  a  poem. 

Holland,  Edwin  C,  a  lawyer  of  Charleston,  S.C, 
pub.  in  1814  a  vol.  of  Odes,  Naval  Songs,  and  other  Poems, 
oriKin;illy  printed  in  the  Phila.  Port-F'olio. 

Holland,  Eliliu  G.,  b.  1817,  at  Solon,  Cortlandt 
county.  New  York.  1.  The  Being  of  God  and  the  Immortal 
Life,  1846.  2.  Reviews  and  Essays,  1849.  See  Brown- 
son's  Qnar.  Rev.,  iv.  135.  3.  Essays;  and  The  Highland 
Treason,  a  Drama  [founded  on  the  treason  of  Arnold]  in 
5  Acts,  1S52.     4.  Memoir  of  the  Rev.  Joseph  Badger,  1853. 


IIOL 


IIOL 


See  Christifin  Examiner  for  July,  1S54  ;  Duyckincks'  Cyc. 
of  Arner.  Lit. 

Holland,  Francis.  On  Davisson'a  Serm.,  Lon., 
17211.  Svn. 

Holland,  G.  ImuiortaUty  of  the  Soul,  Lon.,  16:j3, 
8vo. 

Holland,  G.  Calvert,  M.D.,  has  pub.  several  pro- 
fes>inn;il  wciks,  Lon.,  lSuS-50. 

Holland,  Henry.  A  Treat,  ngainst  Witchcraft, 
Canib..  Ij'Jil,  4to.  Other  theolog.  treatises,  &c.,  Lon., 
159.S-iii). 

Holland,  Henry,  a  bookseller  in  London,  a  son  of 
Phili;ni(»n  Jl'illaml.  (lie  translator.  1.  iJasilioologia :  a 
Book  of  Kings;  Effigies  of  all  our  English  Kings  from 
the  Conquest,  Lon.,  1618,  fuL  32  Portraits.  The  "Dela- 
bere  copy"  quoted  by  Granger,  {preserved  for  150  years 
in  the  Ddabcre  family,)  containing  152  portraits,  was  cut 
xip  and  the  portraits  sold  separately  by  Christie,  March 
29,  ISll.  The  vol.  sold  in  this  way  prmluccd  £r.(H  12«.  Qd. 
See  Granger's  Biog.  Hist,  of  Eng. ;  Diltdin's  Lib.  Conip., 
and  his  Bibliog.  Decameron  ;  Brunet's  Manual ;  Lowndes's 
Bibl.  Manual.  2.  Heroologia  Anglia,  1020,  2  vols.  fol. 
Tills  contains  portraits  (65  and  frontispiece)  of  eminent 
Englishmen,  1500-1620,  with  short  lives.  The  engravings 
are  chiefly  by  Pass  and  Janson. 

"This  is  the  fuvomiu*  volume  of  a  flmrnu^'h-bred  Grangerite; 
who,  without  pity  or  rfmnrse.  plunjit'S  his  tivm-haut  sfissors  into 
the  vpry  .ibd'anen  of  the  tome.'* — D'hdin'.';  Ihhl.  Ifecameron,  q.  v.: 
Bee  also  his  Lib.  Comp. ;  Lowndes's  Bibl.  Man. 

One  of  Edwards's  copies,  which  had  been  Mariette's, 
(who  had  annexed  to  each  portrait  the  i;amc  of  the  collec- 
tion from  whence  it  was  taken,)  was  soUl  for  £13  ;  another 
of  Edwards's,  which  hatl  belonged  to  Buchelius,  who  wrote 
Latin  verses  under  each  portrait,  was  sold  for  £15;  Wil- 
lett's  for  £18;  Williams's  for  £27  10«.  6d.  But  these  are 
the  highest  prices  with  which  we  are  acquainted.  Mr. 
Joseph  Lilly  offers  (in  1S56)  a  fine  copy,  beautifully  bound 
by  Clarke  and  Bedford,  fur  £12  12s. 

Holland,  Henry.  A  Pedigree  of  Lancasterian  and 
Derbysiiirc  Families  of  Hollands,  &.c.,  1GI5,  8vo. 

Holland,  Henry.     Physick,  <fec.  in  Pestilence,  1630. 

Holland, SirHenry,M.I>.,b. Oct. 27, 1788,  atKnuts- 
ford.  in  Cheshire,  Physician-in-Ordinary  to  the  Queen,  1852, 
was  created  a  baronet  in  1853.  His  Thesis  upon  graduation 
was  on  the  Diseases  of  Iceland.  See  Mackenzie,  Sir 
George  Stewart,  Bart.  1.  General  View  of  the  Agricult. 
of  Cheshire,  Lon.,  181)7,  Svo.  Commended  in  Donaldson's 
Agricult.  Biog.  A  Sketch  of  the  Nat.  Hist,  of  the  Cheshire 
Rock-salt  District,  by  Dr.  Holland,  will  be  found  in  the 
Gcolng.  Trans,  i.  .^8;  and  a  paper  on  the  Manufacture  of 
the  Suljdiate  of  Magnesia  at  Monte  della  Guardia,  near 
Genoa,  in  Phil.  Trans.,  1816,  294.  2.  Travels  in  the  Ionian 
Isles,  Albania,  Thessaly,  and  Greece,  1812-13,  4to,  1815, 
£3  3s.;  2d  ed.,  1819,  2  vols.  Svo.  An  interesting  work, 
frequently  referred  to  in  the  Life  of  Lord  Byron. 

"Classical,  antirjuarian.  and  statistical  information  is  here  in- 
termixed with  valuable  remarks  ou  the  niituial  history,  manners, 
political  state,  &c.  of  the  countries  visited,  especially  Albania." — 
Slevenson''s  Voyages  and  Travels. 

Reviewed  in  Lon.  Quar.  Rev.,  xxiii.  325-360 ;  and  in  the 
Edin.  Rev.,  xxv.  455-485.  Both  of  these  articles  should 
be  read  (as  well  as  the  Travels  reviewed)  by  those  inte- 
rested in  ^Modern  Greece.  3.  Medical  Nntes  and  Reflections; 
2ded..  1839,  Svo.  Amer.  ed.,  Phila..  183G.  Svo;  3d  ed.,Lon., 
1855,  Svo.  The  2d  ed.  was  reviewed  in  Lon.  Quar.  Rev., 
Ixv.  315-340,  f/.  r.  The  3d  ed.  is  noticed  in  the  West- 
minster Review  for  January,  1856,  where  this  invaluable 
guide  is  justly  described  as 

"  A  work  which  has  done  much  to  JDiprove  the  general  tone  of 
thouudit  iipoTi  nii.-UiL-al  sul  jects  in  the  mind  both  of  the  profession 
and  Ihe  public." 

In  the  1st  and  2d  eds.  there  were  a  {qy!  chapters  on 
psychological  subjects,  which  the  authur  transferred  to  a 
separate  volume,  viz. :  (4.)  Chapters  on  Mental  Physiology, 
1852,  p.  8vo.  These  have  been  replaced,  in  the  3d  ed.  of 
Medical  Notes  and  Reflections,  by  four  new  chapters.  The 
new  ed.  is  also  otherwise  enlarged.  3d  Amcr.  ed.  of  Medical 
Notes  and  Reflections,  Phila.,  1857.  Svo.  This  excellent 
work  embodies  the  results  of  nearly  forty  years*  active 
practice  in  London. 

Holland,  Lady,  formerly  Miss  Saba  Smith,  a 
daughter  id'  tlic  late  Rev.  Sydney  Smith,  Canon-Rcsideu- 
tiary  of  St.  Paul's  Cathedral,  Loudon,  was  married  to 
the  preceding  in  1834.  A  Memoir  of  the  Rev.  Sydney 
Smith,  by  his  Daughter,  Lady  Holland,  with  a  Selection 
from  his  Letters,  edited  by  Mrs.  Austin,  Lon.,  1855,  2 
vols.  8vu  ;  1st  cd.  pub.  in  May  and  the  4th  in  DccemVier. 
See  Blackw.  Mag.,  March,   1856;    N.  Amcr.  Rev.,  Jan. 

55 


-1856;  Lon.  Athen.,  1855,  G05-GG7,  699-701.     See  Smith, 
Rev.  Svunhv. 
Holland,  Henry.     See  Holland,  Rodrrt. 
Holland,Ilenry  Fox,  fir.^t  Lord,  1705-1774,  second 

son  nf  Sir  Stephen  Fox,  ami  father  of  Charles  James  Fnx, 
was  the  autlmr  of  sunie  fugitive  poetry.  See  Park's  AVal- 
polr's  B,  and  N.  Authors. 

Holland,  Henry  Edward  Fox,  fourth  Lord,  h. 
1802,  second  son  of  the  third  Lord  lluUand.  See  ne.xt 
article  but  one. 

Holland,  Henry  Rich,  Earl  of,  an  adherent  of 
Charles  I.,  executed  by  the  Parliamentarians,  March  9, 
1648-49,  pub.— 1.  A  Letter  to  the  Lords  of  Parliament, 
1641,  4t<i.  2.  A  Declaration  made  to  the  Kingdome,  1013, 
4to.     See  Park's  Walpole's  R.  and  N.  Authors,  iii.  34-36, 

Holland,  Henry  Richard  Vassall,  third  Lord, 
1773-1840.  See  Fox.  See  also  Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  Dec. 
1840.  and  authorities  cited  below.  In  addition  to  the 
publications  noticed  in  preceding  articles,  his  lordship 
wrote  a  Preface  to  Horace  Wal])ole's  Memoirs  of  George 
IL,  1822,  2  vols.  r.  4to,  1846.  3  v.. Is.  Svo,  Ac,  and  a  Pre- 
face to  the  Earl  of  Waldegrave's  Memoirs,  1754-58.  1821, 
4to.  Since  his  death  there  has  been  pub. — 1.  Lord  Hol- 
land's Foreign  Reminiscences;  edited  by  his  son,  Henry 
Edward,  fuurth  Lord  Holland,  1850,  p.  Svo;  2d  ed.,  1851, 
p.  Svo.  See  Lon.  Quar.  Rev..  Ixxxviii.  492-528;  Edin. 
Rev.,  xciii.  137-171;  Blackw.  Mag.,  Ixix.  335;  Eclec. 
Rev.,  4th  Ser.,  xxix.  335  ;  Fraser's  Mag.,  xliii.  220.  2. 
Memoirs  of  the  AVhig  Party  during  my  Ti[ne;  edited  by 
his  son,  Henry  Edward,  fourth  Lord  Holland.  Vol.  i., 
1S52,  p.  Svo ;  vol.  ii.,  1854,  p.  Svo.  See  Eclec.  Rev.,  4th 
Ser.,  xxxi.  555;  Athenjeum.  1852,  295-297  ;  1854,  77-79  j 
Edin.  Rev.,  April,  1856.  The  reader  must  also  consult 
Lord  Holland's  Opinions  as  recorded  in  the  House  of 
Lords.  1797-1841,  er.  Svo,  1841.  Collected  by  D.  C.  Moy- 
lan.  Reviewed  by  T.  B.  Macaulay,  in  Edin.  Rev.,  July, 
1841  ;  in  his  Crit.  and  Hi.st.  Essays,  iii.  56-68.  See  also 
Lord  Brougham's  Statesmen  of  the  Time  of  George  III., 
cd.  1856.  vol.  ii.  257-271;  Lady  Holland's  Life  of  the  Rev. 
Sydney  Smith.  1855.  2  vols.  Svo. 

'Holland,  Hezekiah,  minister  at  Sutton  Valenee. 
1.  Serms.,  John  xiii.  1,  Lon.,  1649.  Svo.  2.  Comment,  on 
the  Revelation  of  St.  John,  1650,  4to.  3.  Adam's  Condi- 
tion in  Paradise,  Ac.,  1656,  4to. 

Holland,  Hns:h,  a  poet,  "Mr.  Camden's  grateful 
scholar:''  {Bishop  Nicolson's  Eng.  Hist.  Lib.)  1.  Monu- 
menta  Sepulchralia  Sancti  PauH,  Lon.,  1614,  4to. 

"A  me.in  and  dull  performance  in  comparison  of  that  more 
alisnlute  one  of  Sir  ^Vill.  Dugdale  in  his  histury  of  that  cathedral 
from  ifs  first  fnuudafion.'' — ISisHOP  NicoLSON:  ithi  supra. 

2.  A  Cypres  Garland  for  the  Sacred  Forehead  of  our 
late  Soiieraine  King  .James,  1625,  4tu;  twelve  leaves.  3. 
Ecclesia  Sancti  Pavli  illvstrata,  1633,  4to.  Holland  pre- 
fixed verses  to  the  first  fol.  ed.  of  Shakspcare's  Plays,  and 
left  some  compositions  in  MS.  See  Brydges's  Phillips's 
Theat.  Poet.  Anglic,  324-325. 

Holland,  John,  a  Dissenting  minister.  1.  Two 
Serms.,  Luko  xxi.  34,  Lon.,  1750,  8vo.  2.  Serms.,  1753, 
2  vols.  Svo.  Highly  commended  by  Lon.  Month.  Repository, 

Holland,  John,  a  Dissenting  minister.  1.  Geography; 
5th  ed.,  Lon.,  1813,  Svo.  2.  History  ;  new  ed..  1815,  13mo. 
3.  Definitions,  &q.,  1S04,  12mo.  4.  Ralph  Warrison's  Serms., 
wilh  his  Life  and  a  Discourse,  1813,  Svo. 

Holland,  John.  1.  A  Treat,  on  Manufactures  in 
Metals.  Lon..  1834,  3  vols.  fp.  Svo;  new  ed.,  1841,  3  vols, 
fp.  Svo.  (Lardner's  Cyc.)  2.  Hist,  of  Fossil  Fuel,  &c., 
1841,  8vo. 

Holland,  John.  1.  The  Psalmists  of  Britain,  Lon., 
1843,  2  vols.  Svo.  2.  With  James  Everett,  Menmirs  of 
the  Life  and  Writings  of  James  Montgomery;  including 
Selections  from  his  Correspondence,  Remains  in  Prose  and 
Verse,  and  Conversations,  Lon.,  7  vols.  p.  Svo:  i.-iv.,  1855  ; 
v.-vii.,  1856.  Vols.  i.  and  ii.  were  reviewed  in  the  London 
Times:  see  Bost.  Liv.  Age,  xlvii.  282-288:  Montgomery, 
Jamks. 

Holland,  John.     Poems,  Bost.,  1858,  12mo. 

Holland,  Joseph,  was  the  author  of  a  number  of 
anti<|narian  jiapers  pub.  in  Hcarne's  Discourses.  See  list 
in  Waifs  Bibl.  Brit- 
Holland,  Josiah  Gilbert,  M.D.,  b.  July  24,  1819, 
at  Belchertown,  Mass.  1.  Hist,  of  Western  Massachusetts, 
Springfield,  1855,  2  vols.  12mo.  This  is  one  of  the  most 
valuable  contributions  to  American  local  historv  yet  given 
to  the  world.  2.  The  Bay  Path  :  a  Colonial  Tale.'N.  York, 
1S57,  12mo.  Highly  commended.  3.  Timothy  Titcorab's 
Letters  to  the  Young,  N.Y.,  1858,  12mo.  Nine  editions 
pub.  in  a  few  months. 

">Ve  have  never  read  a  work  which  better  inculcates  the  several 

865 


noL 

duties  and  responBihilities  of  yo.ing  men  and  women,  married  or 
Bingle."— £ot!(/„«  Literary  Gfnelte. 

4.  Bitter  Sweet,  1858,  12mo.  Edited  a  vol.  of  Mrs.  D. 
E.  G,.  Shepherd's  Poems,  SpringBeld,  1854.  12mo.  Dr. 
Holland  has  been  editor  of  the  Springfield  (Mass.)  Repub- 
lican since  1847. 

Holland,  Mary.  The  British  Cook,  Lon..  ISOO,  12mo. 

Holland,  Philemon,  M.D.,  d.  1630.  in  his  85th 
year,  a  native  of  Chelmsford,  Essex,  and  Fellow  of  and 
educated  at  Trin.  Coll.,  Cainb.,  subse.iuently  became  Head- 
Mastcr  of  Coventry  Free-School,  and  a  physician.  His 
versions  into  English  of  the  following  works  gave  him  the 
title  of  the  "  Translator-General"  of  his  age.  1.  Livy,  Lon„ 
ICOO,  fol.  ^  ' 

'■Translated  by  that  old  worthy,  Philemon,  who,  for  the  service 
which  be  rendered  to  his  contemporaries  and  to  his  countrymen 
deserves  to  be  called  the  1)est  of  the  Hollands,  without  disparag- 
mg  either  the  Lord  or  the  Doctor  of  that  appellation."— &iB<to's 
Doctor, 

The  whole  of  this  trans,  was  said  to  have  been  written 
with  one  pen,  which  a  lady  had  set  in  silver  and  pre- 
served as  a  curiosity.  2.  Pliny's  Natural  Hist,  of  the 
World,  1001,  '34,  2  vols.  fol. 

"A  work  of  immense  labour,— the  only  encvclopedia  of  the 
ancient  world.  W  hat  few  men  of  his  time  could  have  executed 
in  a  manner  superior  to  Dr.  Ilollnnd."— Dr.  A.  Chrke. 

■3.  Plutarch's  Morals.  4.  Suetonius.  5.  Arminius  Mar- 
cellinus.  6.  Xenophon's  Cvropa;dia.  7.  Camden's  Bri- 
tannia, 1610,  '37,  fol.  Holland  made  some  alterations, 
for  which  Bishop  Nicolson  takes  him  to  task:  see  Eng. 
Hist.  Lib.,  1776,  3^.  See  also  Cimden,  William,  p.  l'J4 
of  this  Dictionary.  He  also  trans,  into  Latin  the  Geo- 
graphical part  of  Speed's  Theatre  of  Great  Britain,  and  a 
trench  Pharmacopoeia  of  Brice  B.auderon.  He  was  the 
father  of  Henry  Holland,  the  bookseller,  (fide  ante.) 

Holland,  Philip,  a  Unitarian   minister  of  Bolton, 
Lancashire,  for  33  years.     1.  Serm.,  1700,  8vo.     2.  Perm 
1780,  8vo.     3.  Serm.,  1782,  Svo.     4.  Serms.  on   Practical 
Subjects,  1792,  2  vols.  Svo. 

Holland,  Sir  (?)  Richard.  The  Duke  of  the  Howlnt, 
Edin.,  1823,  4to.  Of  this  poetical  satire  on  K.  James  VI, 
of  .Scotland,  composeil  about  the  middle  of  the  15th  cen- 
tury, and  attributed  to  Richard  or  Sir  Richard  lloll.aml, 
seventy  copies,  with  Preface,  &c..  were  presented  to  the 
Bannatyne  Club,  by  David  Laing,  Esq. 

Holland,  Richard.  1.  Parallax  of  a  Comet,  Ac., 
Oxt.,  lii.SS.  8vo.     2.  Globe  Notes,  Lon.,  1682   '84  8vo 

Holland,  Richard.     Serms.,  1698-1702      ' 

Holland,  Richard,  M.D.  Nature  and  Cure  of  the 
Small  Pox.  Lr.n.,  1728,  12mo;  1730,  '40,  '46.  8vo. 

Holland,  Robert,  minister  of  the  church  of  Pren- 
dergast.  The  Holie  Historie  of  our  Lord  and  Saviovr  lesus 
Christ's  Natiuitie,  Ac,  Lon.,  1594,  sm.  Svo. 

'■Gathered  into  English  meeter,  and  published  to  withdraw 
vaine  wits  from  all  unsaverie  and  wicked  rimes  and  tables,  to 
some  love  and  liking  of  spirituall  songs  and  holy  scriptures." 

The  author  is  erroneously  called,  by  Herbert,  Henry 
Holland.  Very  rare.  Bibl.  Anglo-Poet.,  391,  £25:  resold, 
Saunders's,  in  1818,  £5  5s.  6d. 

Holland,  Saniuei.  Romancio-Mastrix  ;  or,  A  Ro- 
mance on  Romances,  1660,  12mo.  See  Lowndes's  Bibl 
Man..  Ti48. 

Holland, Samuel.  Astronom.con.toPhil.Trans  1769 

Holland,  SanincI,  M.D.,  Rector  of  Poyning?  1 
Serm.,  Tit.  ii.  1,  Isu,  Svo;  3d  ed.,  1815,  Svo."  2.  Serm  ' 
1816.  8vo. 

Holland,  Thomas.  1.  Oratio,  Oxon.,  1599  4to 
2.  Serm.,  lOol,  4to. 

Holland,  Thomas.  Acot.  rel.  to  A.  Bell,  Lon  , 
1762,  Svo. 

Holies,  Denzil,  Lord,  M.P.,  1597-1680,  second  son 
of  John,  the  first  Earl  of  Chire,  was  one  of  the  most  emi- 
nent of  the  popular  leaders  in  the  reign  of  Charles  L,  and 
the  head  ot  the  Presbyterian  party  in  Parliament;  but  he 
subsequently  displeased  his  old  friends,  was  impeached 
for  high  treason,  aided  in  the  Restoration,  was  raised  to 
the  peerage  by  Charles  IL,  and  sent  ambassador  to  France 
He  was  the  author  of  a  number  of  Speeches.  Letters,  Ac 
pub.  1641-82,— see  Park's  Walpole's  R.  and  N.  Authors  — 
but  is  best  known  by  his  Memoirs  (written  when  he  was 
an  exile  in  France)  from  1641  to  1648,  Lou.,  1699,  Svo 

''They  are  little  more  than  the  apology  for  his  own  conduct, 
and  a  virulent  ..vit.re  on  his  adVL.rsariL.s."-HoRAcE  Waipole. 

"They  are  worth  reading.  ...  To  understand  the  conduct  of 
uZTl  Wl"  Rrr''"™?'  "°t  ""'y  ■»>•»*  <te  MenTo"  s  of 
ail  /f'l  Ludlow."-1.ROF.  Smvth:  Zects.on 

Holies,  Thomas,  Duke  of  Newcastle.  Memorial  of 
the  Negociation  between  his  High  Mightiness  of  Clermont 
and  his  Sublime  ExceUency  of  Hayes,  Lon.,  1602,  4to. 


HOL 

HoUey,  Horace,  D.D.,  1731-1827,  a  native  of  Salis- 
bury, Conn.,  grad.  at  Yale  College  in  1803  ;  minister  of 
Greenfield  Hill,  Fairfield,  1S05;  minister  of  the  IloUia 
Street  (Unitarian)  Church,  Boston,  1809;  President  of 
Transylvania  University,  Lexington,  Kentucky,  1818-27. 
He  pub.  several  occasional  sermons  and  addresses,  and 
contributed  papers  to  the  Western  Review  and  other  peri- 
odicals. See  Memoir  of  Dr.  Holley,  by  his  widow ;  a  Dis- 
course on  his  Life  and  Character,  by  Chas.  Caldwell,  M.D., 
Best.,  1828 ;  and  a  review  of  this  Discourse,  in  N.  Amer. 
Rev.,  xxvii.  403-415,  by  Edward  Everett. 

"One  of  the  most  eloquent  speakers  of  the  age, — or  declaimers, 
rather :  a  showy,  beautiful  rhetorician :  .  .  .  a  miserable  prose-writer 
— in  comparison  with  /ttms<:lf;  as  a  speaker,  we  mean.  He  never 
appears  to  say  what  he  means,  or  to  mean  what  he  says,  with  a 
Venr— American  Writers:  No.  4,  in  Bhiclcw,  Mag.,  xvii.  57. 

HoUey,  Mrs.  Mary  Austin,  d.  1846,  married  in 
1805  to  the  preceding,  visited  Texas  in  1831,  and  pub.,  in 
1S33,  Texas;  Observations,  Historical,  Geographical,  and 
Descriptive,  Ac,  Bait.,  12mo. 

'•  Mrs.  Holley  has  given  an  agreeable  account  of  her  visit,  in  her 
own  femininely  graceful  stvle,  yet  by  no  means  destitute  of  ex- 
pression and  force;  and  her  statements,  as  to  the  natural  features 
of  the  country,  are,  in  substance,  correct." — Judge  Bullard  :  A". 
Amer.  Rev.,  sliii.  257. 

Mrs.  Holley  also  pub.  a  memoir  of  her  husband,  already 
noticed. 

Holley,  O.  I,.  1.  Life  of  Benj.  Franklin,  N.  York, 
12mo.     2.  Descrip.  of  the  City  of  New  York,  1847,  ISmo. 

Holliday,  Rev.  Francis.  1.  Syntagma  Matheseos, 
Lon.,  1745,  Svo.  2.  Miscellanea  Curiosa  Mathematica, 
1745-49,  4to.  9  Nos.  3.  Gunnery,  1756.  4.  Fluxions, 
177S,  Svo. 

HoUiday,  John.  Putrid  Bilious  Fever,  Lon.,  1795, 
8vo.  ' 

Holliday,  John,  d.  1801,  .aged  71.  1.  Life  of  Wm., 
Earl  of  Mansfield,  LoQ.,  1797,  4to.  2.  The  British  Oak: 
a  Poem.  1800,  4to. 

IloIIiugs,  Dr.     Med.  con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1716. 

Hollingshead,  Wm.,  D.D.,  a  minister  of  Charles- 
ton. S.C,  d.  1817.  pub.  three  serms.,  17S7,  '94,  1805. 

Hollingsworth,  Nathaniel.  1.  Serms.,  ISOl,  12mo. 
2.  Serm.,  1809.  3.  Serm.,  ISIO.  4.  Recommendation  of 
the  Madras  System  of  Education,  1812,  Svo.  5.  Claims 
of  Bell  and  Lancaster,  1812,  12mo. 

__HoUingsworth,  S.  1.  Account  of  Nova  Scotia,  Lon., 
1786,  Svo.  2.  Manners,  Government,  Ac.  of  Africa,  Edin., 
1788,  4to.  '  ' 

HoUingworth,  J.  B.     Serms.,  Lon.,  1812,  Svo. 

Holliugworth,  Richard.  Theolog.  treatises,  1640- 
56. 

Hollingworth,  Richard,  D.D.,  Vicar  of  Westham, 
andllectorof  St.  Botolph'.s,  Aldgate.  pub.  six  serms.,  167.3- 
93,  and  several  treatises  upon  the  famous  ElKQN  BASl^ilKH 
controversy,  for  an  account  of  which  publications,  see 
Lowndes's  Bibl.  Man. ;  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit. ;  Gadden,  Jons, 
D.D.,  and  authorities  there  cited,  in  this  Dictionary,  p.  656. 

Hollingworth,  Rudolph.  De  Justificatione  es 
sola  Fide  pro  Luthero  ac  Protcstantibus  adv.  Smithajum 
ac  Pontificios.  Dubl.,  1640,  Svo. 

Hollis,  John.  1.  Reasons  for  Scepticism,  1796,  Svo. 
2.  Sequel  to  No.  1,  Lon.,  1799,  Svo. 

Hollis,  Thomas,  1720-1774,  an  ardent  advocate  of 
civil  and  religious  liberty,  was  the  great-nephew  of  Thomas 
Hollis,  (1659-1731,)  the  munificent  benefactor  of  Harvard 
College.  Indeed,  not  only  is  the  latter  entitled  to  that 
appellation,  but  his  brothers  John  and  Nathaniel,  his 
nephew  the  second  Thomas,  his  great-nephew  the  third 
Thomas,  (the  subject  of  this  notice,)  and  the  heir  of  the 
third  Thomas, — Thomas  Br.and  Hollis, — were  all  contri- 
butors to  this  institution.  The  subject  of  this  notice  pub. 
at  considerable  expense— 1.  A  new  ed.  of  T.dand's  Life 
of  Milton,  1761,  Svo.  Edited,  with  Notes,  by  T.  Hollis. 
This  is  the  best  ed.  of  Toland's  Milton.  2.  An  accurate 
ed.  of  Algernon  Sydney's  Discourses  concerning  Govern- 
ment; with  his  Letters,  Trial,  Apology,  and  Memoirs  of 
his  Life,  1763,  4to.  Edited  by  T.  Hoflis.  3.  The  Works 
of  Algernon  Sydney;  a  new  ed.,  with  Additions,  by  T. 
Hollis,  1772,  r.  4to.  4.  Joannis  Wallisii  Grammatica  Lin- 
gua! Anglican*.  Ac,  1765.  Svo.  Hollis  meditated  an  ed. 
of  Andrew  Marvell's  Works,  but  did  not  carry  out  his 
design.  He  was  an  earnest  promoter  of  the  spirit  of  free- 
dom in  America,  and  aided  in  the  republication  of  tho 
political  treatises  of  Mayhew,  Otis,  and  John  Adams. 
His  Memoirs,  compiled  by  the  Rev.  Francis  Blackburn, 
Archdeacon  of  Cleveland,  were  privately  printed  by  his 
friend  and  heir,  Thomas  Brand  Hollis,  (originally  Thomas 
Brand,)  in  1780,  2  vols.  4to;  splendidly  illustrated  by  Uar- 
tolozzi,  Bazii^e,  Ac,  with  portraits  of  Milton,  Locke,  Al- 


HOL 

gernon  Sydney,  A.  MarTell,  Hutcheson,  Hubert  Languet, 
(author  of  the  VinJiciae  contra  Tyrannos,  Ac.;)  in  all, 
13  portraits  and  plates.  The  collector  should  look  for  a 
copy  with  the  "starred  pages,"  containing  the  severe 
review  of  Dr.  Johnson's  Life  of  Milton,  and  the  portrait 
of  Sir  Isaac  Newton.  These  pages  (often  deficient)  occur 
between  532  and  585,— viz. :  533*  to  576,®  579,*  5S0,« 
677*  to  584.*  Such  copies  would  formerly  bring  from  £6 
to  £S,  but  can  now  (1856)  be  bad  for  about  £2.  These  vols, 
contain  much  curious  information  respecting  Milton,  Ac. 
not  to  be  found  elsewhere,  and  correspondence  with  pro- 
minent Americans  of  the  time.  But  note  that  these  Me- 
moirs are  not  to  be  confounded  with  the  Memoirs  of 
Thomas  Brand  HoUis,  by  John  Disney,  D.D.,  1808,  4to  ; 
privately  printed.  Respecting  the  Ilollises,  see  Memoirs 
as  above;  Gent.  Mag.,  vol.  Ixxiv.;  Colman's  and  Wiggles- 
worth's  Serms. ;  Greenwood's  Discourse,  and  Ruild's  Poem ; 
Holmes;  Morse's  True  Reasons;  Allen's  Araer.  Biog.  Diet.; 
Monthly  Anthology  for  1808 ;  Nichols's  Lit.  Anec. ;  Chal- 
mers's Biog.  Diet;  Dibdin's  Lib.  Comp. ;  Pierce's  Hist, 
of  Harvard  Univ.  from  1636  to  the  Amer.  Revolution; 
Josiah  Quiney's  Hist,  of  do.  1636  to  1S40,  2  vols.  1840, 
8vo ;  Saml.  A.  Eliot's  Sketch  of  the  Hist,  of  do.,  and  of 
its  present  state,  1848,  12mo  ;  Judge  Story's  Life  and  Let- 
ters, ii.  125-127;  Bost.  Chris.  Exam.,  (by  J.  Walker,)  vii. 
64;  Spirit  of  the  Pilgrims,  ii.  681 ;  Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  Jan. 
1849,  p.  37 ;  Disnet,  John,  (Museum  Disneianum,)  in  this 
Dictionary. 

"  Such  a  library  ["  a  working  library,"  such  as  we  wish  ours  to 
be)  must  be  well  provided  with  books  of  direct,  positive  utility. 
These  are  of  two  classes ; — the  great  standard  boolis  which  are  never 
antiquated,  and  the  valuable  new  books  wbii-h  are  constantly  ap- 
pearing in  every  department  of  science  and  literature.  Our  library 
is  amply  supplied  with  many  of  the  books  belonging  to  the  first 
class,  thanks  to  the  bounty  of  the  Ilollises  and  otber  noble  bene- 
factors in  earlier  or  later  davs."— IION.  Edward  Everett  ;  Aid  to 
the  CiiUeges.  1848:  OraUmsand  f<ixrc/tcs,  185-3,  ii.  647. 

Hollister,  G.  H.  1.  Mount  Hope,  or  Philip,  King 
of  the  Wampanoags;  an  Historical  Romance,  N.  York, 
1851,  12mo.  Highly  commended.  2.  Hist,  of  Connecticut, 
1855,  2  vols. 
Holloran,  t.,  D.D.  The  Battle  of  Trafalgar,  1806. 
Holloway,  Rev.  B.  Pits  for  Fullers'-Earth  in 
Bedfordshire;  Phil.  Trans.,  1723. 

Holloway,  Benjamin,  Rector  of  Blayden  and 
Middlcton-Stoney,  Oxfordshire.  1.  Serm.,  1  Cor.  ii.  2.3-26, 
Oxf.,  1736,  8vo.  2.  Three  Serms.,  Acts  ii.  3.8,  1739,  8vo. 
3.  Originals,  Physical  and  Theological,  Ac,  1750,  2  vols. 
Svo.  4.  Letter  and  Spirit;  or.  Annotations  upon  the  Holy 
Scriptures  according  to  both,  1753,  Svo. 

"This  work  is  Hutchinsonianism  and  Origenism  in  perfection. 
The  whole  volume  is  occupied  with  the  book  of  Genesis,  every 
word  of  which  it  spiritualizes  to  absurdity.  It  is  needless  to 
wonder  at  the  F.ithers  or  the  Mystics,  when  such  elaborate  pro- 
ductions as  this  find  the  Divine  Originals,  by  the  same  author, 
have  .ippeared  in  our  own  time." — Orme's  BibJ.  Bib. 

Holloway,  James.     Confession  and  Narrative,  fol. 
Holloway,  James  Thomas,  D.D.,   Minister   of 
Fitzroy  Chapel,  London.      1.  The  Analogy  of  Faith;  in 
sixteen  Serms.,  1836,  Svo. 

"These  are  valu.able  discourses,  and  accurately  trace  the  life  of 
David  and  the  method  of  God's  dealings  with  him." — Lon.  Chris. 
Heyiii'ynh. 

2.  Funl.  Serm.,  Lon.,  1836,  Svo.  3.  Baptismal  Regenera- 
tion, Ac. ;  a  Lett,  to  the  Lord-Bishop  of  London ;  2d  ed., 
1843.  Svo,  pp.  104.     4.  Eucharista,  1845,  ISmo. 

Holloway,  John.  Lett,  to  Dr.  Price  on  his  Serm. 
entit.  The  Love  of  our  Country,  Lon.,  1798,  Svo. 

Holloway,  John  George.  A  Month  in  Norway, 
Lon.,  1853,  12mo. 

Holloway,  H.  K.  1.  Walks  round  Rye,  Isle  of 
Wight,  Lon.,  1849,  12mo.  2.  Manual  of  Chanting,  1850, 
Svo.  3.  Topography  of  the  Isle  of  Wight,  by  Uillier,  1852, 
ISmo. 

Holloway,  Robert,  a  London  lawyer,  pub.several 
treatises  against  the  professional  practices  of  his  legal 
brethren,  1771-1805. 

Holloway,  Wm.  Poems,  Tales,  Natural  Hist.,  Ac, 
1798-1812.     See  Br.\nch,  John. 

Holloway,  'VVm.  1.  General  Dictionary  of  Pro- 
vincialisms, Lewes,  Svo. 

"  We  recommend  careful  reference  to  a  useful  manual  lately 
published,  the  General  Dictionary  of  Provincialisms,  by  Holloway." 
— Lyrit.  Quar.  Rev. 

This  is  the  only  general  work  on  the  subject  of  English 
Provincialisms,  and  incorporates  those  of  Grose,  Jennings, 
Forby,  Price,  Jim  Bobbin,  and  others.  It  contains  up- 
w.ards  of  9000  words,  and,  in  addition  to  the  explanations, 
gives  descriptions  of  many  local  customs. 

2.  Hist,  and  Antiri.  of  the  Town  .and  Port  of  Rye,  1847, 
Svo.     3.  Hist,  of  Romney  Marsh,  Kent,  1849,  Svo. 


HOL 

Hollyband,  Claudius,  schoolmaster,  pub.  a  Gram- 
mar, Dictionarie,  and  other  educational  works  for  the 
learners  of  Latine,  Frenche,  English,  and  Italian,  Lon., 
1573-99.  See  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit. ;  Lowndes's  Bibl.  Man. ; 
Lon.  Retrosp.  Rev.,  iv.  72,  1821.  His  Diction.arie,  French 
and  English,  1593,  4to,  is  said  to  be  the  first  French  and 
English  Dictionary  pub.  in  England. 

Hollybushe,  John.  1.  The  Newe  Testament,  both 
in  Latine  and  Knglishe;  trans,  by  Joban  Hollybushe,  Lon., 
1538,  4to.  Very  rare.  This  trans,  was  really  made  by 
Myles  Coverdale.  See  Cotton's  Editions  of  the  Bible,  cd. 
1862,  13-14 ;  Walter's  Lett,  to  the  Bp.  of  Peterborough, 
31.  2.  Expos,  of  Magnificat,  Ac,  South.,  1538,  fol. ;  1638, 
Svo.     3.  Homish  Apothecarye.  1561,  fol. 

Hollyngus,  Edni.,  a  native  of  England,  Medical 
Professor  at  Ingolstadt.  1.  De  Salubri  Studiosorum  Victu, 
Ing.,  1602,  Svo.  2.  Medicamentorum  iEconomia  Nova,  Ac, 
1610,  Svo. 

Holman,  James,  Lt.  R.N.,  d.  1857,  celebrated  aa 
"  The  Blind  Traveller."  1.  Journey  in  France,  Italy,  Savoy, 
Ac,  Lon.,  Svo.  See  Madden's  Literary  Life  and  Corresp. 
of  the  Countess  of  Blessington,  1856.  2.  Travels  through 
Russia,  Siberi.a,  Poland,  Austria,  Saxony,  Ac,  1825,  2 
vols.  Svo  This  work  gives  us  an  interesting  account  of 
the  imprisonment  of  the  author  by  the  Russian  Govern- 
ment on  suspicion  of  his  being  a  spy.  3.  Voyage  Round 
the  World,  1840,  4  vols.  Svo. 

"  For  this  work  we  cannot  but  anticipate  a  circulation  as  wide, 
we  were  going  to  say,  as  the  author's  travels." — Lem.  Literary 
GazetU. 

"We  have  seldom  met  with  any  work  so  replete  with  interest- 
ing information." — Lrm.  Observer. 

Holman,  James  T.  Digest  of  the  Reported  Cases 
in  the  Cts.  of  Tennessee,  1790-1835,  Nashville,  1835,  Svo. 

Holman,  Joseph  George,  d.  1817,  a  native  of 
London,  was  manager  of  the  theatre  in  Charleston,  S. 
Carolina.  1.  Abroad  and  at  Home  ;  a  Comic  Opera,  1796, 
Svo.  2.  Red-Cross  Knight;  a  Play,  1799,  Svo.  3.  A^otary 
of  Wealth ;  a  Com.,  1799,  Svo.  4.  What  a  Blunder !  a 
Comic  Opera,  1800,  Svo.  6.  Love  Gives  the  Alarm  ;  a, 
Com.,  1804.  Not  printed.  6.  The  Gazette  Extraordinary  ; 
a  Com.,  1811,  Svo.  An  account  of  Holman  will  be  found 
in  Biog.  Dramat. 

Holme,  John.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1582,  Svo. 

Holme,  Rev.  John.  1.  Satin  Spar;  Trans.  Linn. 
Soc.  1812.     2.  Arragonite,  Ibid.,  1813. 

Holme,  Raudle,  of  the  city  of  Chester,  Gentleman 
Sewer-iu-Extraordinary  to  Charles  II.,  and  some  time 
deputy  for  the  King-at-Arms.  The  Academy  of  the 
Armory;  or,  a  Storehouse  of  Armory  and  Blazon,  Chester, 
1688,  fol.  About  1104  pages.  Some  copies  have  a  title- 
page,  London,  1701. 

"  The  book  is  a  most  heterogeneous  and  extraordinary  composi- 
tion, and  may  be  well  denominated  a  Pantalogia.  ...  It  is  con- 
sidered to  be  one  of  the  most  scarce  of  Heraldic  books,  and  that 
not  more  than  fifty  copies  are  to  be  found  in  the  kingdom." — 
Moule's  Bibl.  JJeraldica,  236-242,  q.  v.  for  an  interesting  account 
of  this  remarkable  alia  podrida. 

See  also  George  Ormerod's  Hist,  of  Cheshire,  and  Beloe'a 
Anecdotes.  Sykes's  copy  sold  for  £10;  Erockett's  for 
£13  6». 

"  Dr.  Johnson  confessed,  with  much  candour,  that  the  Address 
to  the  Reader  at  the  end  of  this  book  suggested  the  idea«f  hia 
own  inimitable  preface  to  his  Dictionary." — Betoe's  Anecdotes,  vi. 
342. 

In  1821  some  benevolent  individual  pub.  An  Index  of 
the  Names  of  Persons  contained  in  this  work,  Lon.,  foi. 
pp.  46. 

Holme,  Wilfred,  of  Huntington,  Yorkshire.  The 
Fall  and  euill  Sucoesse  of  Rebellion,  Ac,  Lon.,  1572,  4to. 
Black-letter,  pp.  68.  Bibl.  Anglo-Poet.,339,£25.  Sotheby's, 
in  1821,  £9  28.  6c;.  This  poem  refers  to  the  commotions 
in  the  northern  parts  of  the  island  in  1637,  consequent 
upon  the  Reformation. 

"  It  is  a  curious  production,  and,  although  disliked  by  Warton 
for  its  adherence  to  .alliteration,  Is  quoted  by  Holinshed  and 
mentioned  in  terms  of  praise  by  the  learned  Bale."— £*!.  Anglo- 
Fuel..  147. 

"  Alliteration  is  here  carried  to  the  most  ridiculous  excess.  .  .  . 
The  poem,  probably  from  its  political  reference,  is  mentioned  by 
HoUinshed.  Bale,  who  overlooks  the  author's  poetry  in  his  piety, 
thinks  that  he  has  learnedly  and  perspicuously  discussed  the  ab- 
surdities of  popery."—  H'urton's  Hist,  of  Eng.  Poet. 

Holmes,  Major.  Pendulum  Watches ;  Phil.  Trans., 
1666. 

Holmes,  Abiel,  D.D.,  1763-1837,  a  native  of  Wood- 
stock, Connecticut,  gradu.ated  at  Yale  College  in  1783,  and 
shortly  afterwards  became  tutor  in  that  institution  ;  pastor 
of  a  congreg.ation  in  Midway,  Georgia,  1788-91;  pastor 
of  the  First  Congregational  Church,  Cambridge,  Mass., 
1792-1832.     In  addition  to  the  work  by  which  be  is  best 


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known, — The  Annuls  of  America, — Br.  Holmes  wns  author  ' 
of  a  Life  of  President  Ezra  Styles,  (father  of  his  first 
wife  :)  pub.,  in  1798,  a  Memoir  of  the  French  Protestants, 
and  a  Hist,  of  the  Town  of  Cambridge,  in  Mass. Hist, CoUee. ; 
and  about  thirty  sermons  and  historiciil  treatises.  Br. 
Holmes  was  fir^-t  miiiried  in  1790  to  Mary,  daughter  of  Br. 
Ezra  Styles,  President  of  Yale  College.  "t<hc  died  in  1795, 
leaving  no  children.  In  ISUO  he  married  Sarah,  daughter 
of  the  Hon.  Oliver  Wendell,  of  Boston,  and  had  issue — 1. 
Wiiry  Jackson,  married  to  Usher  Parsons,  M.B. ;  2.  Ann 
Su-an,  married  to  the  Hon.  Charles  Wentworth  Uphara; 
3.  Siirah  Laihrnp.  who  died  in  childhood;  4.  Oliver  Wen- 
dell Holmes,  M.B..  one  of  the  most  popular  of  American  , 
poets  and  wits,  {vide  jiijst ;)  5.  John  Holmes,  of  Cambridge. 
For  further  particulars  respecting  this  e.\ceUent  man  and 
accurate  historian,  see  Br.  Jenks's  Funeral  Serm ;  Buyc- 
kincks'  Cyc.  of  Amer.  Lit. ;  American  Almanac,  iSoS, 
316-317;  Mass.  Hi.st.  .Collec,  vol.  vii.  Br.  Holmes's 
American  Annals,  or  a  Chronological  History  of  Ame- 
rica from  its  Biscovery  in  1492  to  1SU6,  was  pub.  at  Cam- 
bridge, Mass.,  in  1S05,  2  vols.  8vo.  It  was  reviewed  with 
Considerable  severity  by  Robert  Southey,  in  the  London 
Quarterly  fur  Nov.  1S09,  iv.  319-337.  An  ed.  was  pub. 
in  London  by  Sherwood  in  1SI3,  2  vols.  Svo.  A  new  ed., 
with  a  continuation,  under  the  title  of  The  Annals  of 
America,  &c.  to  the  year  IS26,  was  put  forth  at  Cambridge, 
Mass.,  in  1829,  2  vols.  Svo,  *'with  such  improvements  as 
leave  nothing  to  desire." 

'■Thf  new  edition  of  tbe  American  Annals  is  one  of  the  best 
works  of  the  kind  ever  published.  Every  thinj^  of  importance 
relating  to  the  history  of  Ameriia  is  rehited  in  (he  order  in  which 
it  happened,  in  a  clear  and  concise  manner,  with  copious  :iud  in- 
teresting notes,  in  which  references  are  m.idetothemust  important 
autlioiities.  by  which  the  readt-r  who  wishes  for  more  extensive 
information  on  the  subject  may  gratify  his  curiosity  without  the 
trouljle  of  turning  over  a  great  number  of  volumes." — Jiich's 
Bibl.  Amer.  Nova,  ii.  60.  217. 

'•Dr.  Holmes's  American  Annals  is  a  work  of  great  industry 
and  research,  and  is  an  invaluable  treasure  to  the  future  writers 
of  American  history,  but  claims  no  merit  but  thnt  of  fnithful  com- 
pil:ttion." — SlcpAdtes  of  the  Lit.  of  the  U.  States,  by  Rev.  Tirtiothy 
Flint ;  Lmi.  Athniaum,  18o5,  p.  803. 

"This  new  edition  of  the  American  Annals,  with  such  improve- 
ments as  the  author  has  introduced  into  it,  we  consider  among 
the  most  valuable  pioduitions  of  the  American  pn-ss.  ...  In  the 
American  Annals  it  is  the  authoi-'s  exclusive  object  to  embody 
iacts.  drawD  from  what  he  deems  tbe  best  authorities,  and  selected 
according  to  the  mature  light  of  his  judgment.  In  this  aim  he 
seems  to  us  eminently  successful,  esjii  ri^lly  w  h^n  it  is  considered 
throuiih  what  a  vast  tield  he  bus  ruii-Md,  and  what  dilficulties  he 
must  have  encountered  iu  collectini^  his  mattrials  and  fixing  his 
choice.  ...  It  is  the  best  repository  of  historical,  chronolojrical. 
and  l»iographicaI  knowledge  respecting  Ameiica  that  can  be  found 
embodied  in  one  work." — Jaked  Sparks  :  N.Amer.  licv.,  xxix.  428- 
441:  Ort.  ls2(?. 

'■  A  valuable  work,  displaying  great  industry  and  research." — 
Lowndes's  Bibl.  Mm. 

"The  name  of  Hnlmes  ou'^'ht  not  to  be  mentioned  without  a 
trihute  to  his  memory.  No  .student  of  our  history  but  owes  him 
gratitude.  The  accomplished  annalist  feared  no  labour;  he  was 
indefatigable  in  his  inve  of  truth.  He  had  seen  much  of  the 
country:  bis  correspondence  was  wide,  his  zeal  untiring.  .  .  . 
Take  it  all  iu  all,  the  Annals  of  Holmes  constitute  a  work  which 
in  its  kind  has  never  bwn  e-iualled  among  us.  and  has  few  paral- 
lels anywhere." — N.  Amf.r.  Hcv.  xlvi.  4S1 ;   A-pril,  lSo8. 

Holmes's  Annals  has  now  (1856)  become  a  liher  rarisst- 
ni»sf  and  can  rarely  be  purchased.  Our  copy  was  a  present 
from  our  enterprising  publisher  and  valued  friend,  Mr. 
George  W.  Childs,  of  Philadelphia,  whose  excellent  collec- 
tioD  of  works  on  American  History  is  well  calculated  to 
excite  the  cupidity  of  the  ravished  spectator. 

Holmes,  31rs.  Dalkeith.  A  Kide  on  Horseback 
to  Florence,  through  France  and  Switzerland,  by  a  Lady: 
described  in  a  Series  of  Letters,  Lon.,  1842,  2  vols.  p.  Svo. 

"  The  republic  of  female  tiavellers,  already  so  well  stocked  with 
distinguished  members,  ought,  in  gratitude  for  a  hook  at  once  so 
pleasant  and  so  creditable  to  the  bravery  of  the  sex.  to  appoint 
Wrs.  Dalkeith  Holmes  as  its  Mistress  of  the  Horse.  She  is  a  plea- 
Bant,  sensible,  unaffected,  and  well-read  gentlewoman." — Lon. 
Athenatum. 

Some  of  Mrs.  Holmes's  poetical  compositions  will  be 
found  in  the  Bublin  Univ.  Magazine,  xxiii.  343-347. 

nolmes,  David,  minister  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal 
Church,  b.  1800,  at  Newburgh,  New  York.  1.  Pure  Gold ; 
or.  Truth  in  its  Native  Loveliness.  Auburn,  12mo,  pp.  2S0. 
2.  The  Wesley  Otfcring,  1852,  12mo,  pp.  300.  3.  With  Rev. 
J.  M.  Austin,  a  Biscussion  upon  the  doctrine  of  tbe  Atone- 
ment, Uuiver.sal  Salvation,  and  Endless  Punishment,  12mo, 
pp.  800.  Editor  of  The  Mirror  of  the  Soul,  and  also  of 
The  Christian  Preacher. 

Holmes,  E.  Exploration  of  Aroostook  Territory  in 
1838,  Augusta,  Me.,  1830. 

Holmes,  Rev,  EdAVard.  Materiality  of  the  Soul, 
Lou.,  1700,  8vo. 

666 


Holmes,  Edward.  1.  A  Ramble  among  the  -Moun- 
tfli'is  of  Germany.  2.  Life  and  Corresp.  of  Mozart,  Lou., 
1S45.  ji.  Svo. 

'■Tbis  is  dL-cidedly  the  best  and  most  complete  biography  of  the 
great  composer  we  have  seen.'' — Westminster  Jievinv. 

"In  e\  erv  respect  a  most  admirable  piece  of  biography." — Nt-w 
Monthly  Mog. 

Holmes,  George,  1662-1749,  Clerk  to  the  Keepera 
of  the  Records  iu  the  Tower  for  nearly  sixty  years,  rcpub. 
the  first  17  vols,  of  Rynier's  Fotidera ;  2d  ed.,  1727.  His 
books,  prints,  coins,  medals,  <tc.  were  sold  by  auction  in 
1749,  and  his  widow  received  £200  from  the  government 
fur  his  pupers.  which  were  deposited  in  the  Tt>wer. 

Holmes,  George.  Sketches  of  some  of  the  Southern 
Counties  uf  Ireland  in  1797.  Lon.,  iSOl,  Svo. 

Holmes,  Isaac,  of  Liver|)ool,  England.  An  Account 
of  the  United  t^^tates  of  America;  derived  from  actual 
Observation  during  a  Residence  of  Four  Years  in  that 
Republic.  Lon.,  1823,  Svo. 

'■  Mr.  Holmes  is  rather  a  diffu.se  and  inaccurate  writer;  but  he 
m.^kes  no  pretensions  to  literary  excellence,  and  his  object  is  to 
present  a  modest  but  true  statement  of  things  as  they  are  in  the 
American  republic. ' — Ltm.  Month.  Rev,  ci.  304-312;  June,  1S23. 

Holmes,  Rev.  James.  Moscow,  or  Triumphant 
Self-Bevotion;  a  Poem,  1813,  '\b,  Svo. 

Holmes,  J.  H.  H.  1.  Coal  Mines,  Ac,  Lon.,  1816, 
Svo.     2.  Safety  Lamps  for  do. ;  Thcuu.  Ann.  Philos.,  1810. 

Holmes,  Rev.  James  Ivory.  The  Revelation  of 
St.  John  elucidated,  Lon..  1815,  2  vols.  Svo. 

Holmes,  John.  Greek  Grammar,  1735, 8vo;  ]737,4to. 

Holmes,  Johu,  minister  of  the  United  Brethren 
Congregation  in  BuIjUu.  Hist.  Sketches  of  the  Missions 
of  the  United  Brethren  to  the  Heathen,  Bubl.,  1S18.  Svo. 

Holmes,  John.  Bescrip.  Cat.  of  the  Books  in  the 
Library  of  John  Holmes;  with  notices  of  Authors  and 
PriIlter:^,  Norw.,  ISIS,  Svo.     Privately  printed. 

Holmes,  John.  The  Statesman;  or,  Principles  of 
Legislation  and  Law,  Augusta,  1840,  Svo. 

Holmes,  Johu,  1800-1854,  an  eminent  bibliographer, 
Assistant  Keeper  of  the  MSS.  iu  the  British  Museum, 
1830-O4,  edited,  in  1852,  a  new  ed.  of  Cavendish's  Life 
of  Cardinal  "Wolsey,  contributed  notes  to  the  last  two  eds. 
of  Wordsworth's  Eccles.  Biog.,  to  Pepys's  Biary,  and  Eve- 
lyn's Life  of  Mrs.  Godolphin,  and  compiled  several  cata- 
logues, (fee.  The  valuable  article  in  the  Lon.  Quar.  Rev. 
for  May,  1843,  Ixxiii.  1-25,  entitled  Libraries  and  Cata- 
logues, was  written  by  Mr.  Holmes.  See  Lon.  Gent.  Mag., 
July,  1854. 

Holmes,  Ijauncelot,    Holy  Things,  Lon.,  1716,  Svo. 

Holmes,  3Ivs.  ^Ilary  J.  1.  Tempest  and  Sunshine; 
or.  Life  iu  Kentucky,  X.Y.,  1854.  12mo.  2.  The  English 
Orphans;  or,  A  Home  in  the  New  AVorld,  1S55,  12mo.  Very 
favourably  noticed  iu  the  K.  Amer.  Rev.,  Oct.  1855,  Ixsxi. 
557.  3.  The  Homestead  on  the  Hillside.  Ac.  1856,  12mo. 
4.  Lena  Rivers,  1856. 12mo.    5.  Meadow  Brook,  1857, 12mo. 

Holmes,  Nathaniel,  B.B.     See  Ho.mes. 

Holmes,  Oliver  Wendell,  M.B.,  a  son  of  Abicl 
Holmes.  B.B.,  b.  at  Cambridge,  jMassachusetts,  Aug.  29, 
1809,  graduated  at  Harvard  University  in  ls29,  and  sub- 
sequently devoted  about  a  year  to  the  study  of  law.  In 
1S33  he  visited  Europe,  and — having  resolved  to  exchange 
Coke  and  Blackstone  for  Galen  and  ^sculapius — employed 
between  two  and  three  years  in  attendance  on  the  hospitala 
of  Paris,  and  other  laborious  researches  connected  with 
the  duties  of  his  new  profession.  Iu  1S35  he  returned  to 
Boston,  took  his  medical  degree  at  Cambridge  in  1836, 
was  elected  Professor  of  Anatomy  and  Physiology  in  Bart- 
mouth  College  in  1838,  and  succeeded  Br.  Warren  as  Pro- 
fessor of  Anatomy  in  the  Medical  Bepartment  of  Harvard 
University  in  1847.  In  1849  Br.  Holmes  relinqui-^^hed 
general  practice.  He  resides  during  the  winter  princi- 
pally iu  Boston,  and  spends  the  remainder  of  the  year  on 
an  estate  which  once  belonged  to  his  great-grandfather,  the 
Hon.  Jacob  Wendell,  situated  on  the  banks  of  the  Housa- 
touic,  iu  Pittsficld.  Berkshire  county,  Massachusetts. 

Some  of  the  earlier  poetical  productions  of  this  popular 
poet  originally  appeared  in  The  Collegian,  a  periodical 
pub.  in  1830  by  a  number  of  the  students  of  Harvard 
University;  in  Illustrations  of  the  Athenaeum  Gallery  of 
Paintings,  1831 ;  and  in  The  Harbinger,  a  May  Gift,  1833. 
In  1836  Br.  Holmes  delivered,  before  the  Harvard  Phi 
Beta  Kappa  Society,  Poetry,  a  Metrical  Essay, — which 
established  his  reputation  as  a  poet. 

"It  is  in  the  heroic  measure,  and  in  its  versification  is  not  sur- 
passed by  any  poem  written  in  this  country.  It  relates  to  the 
nature  and  offices  of  poetry,  and  is  itself  a  series  of  brilliant  illus- 
trations of  the  ideas  of  which  it  is  an  expressiou." — OrisxvolJ'g 
Poets  and  J'ndry  of  America. 

This  Metiical  Essay — a  very  successftU  essay  it  proved 


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.— wns  pub.  in  the  first  collective  ed.  of  bis  Poems  i?suef! 
at  Bu.-ion.  in  lS;;t>,  12tnn,  pp.  16:t.  In  lS4:i  he  g:ive  tu 
the  world  Terpsichore,  a  poem,  read  at  the  annual  dinner 
of  the  Phi  Beta  Kiippa  Society  in  th:it,vcnr;  and  in  1846 
he  pull.  Urani!!.  a  Rhymed  Lesson,  pronminced  before  the 
Mercantile  Library  Asi^ociation.  A  review  o[  Urania,  by 
Francis  Bouen,  will  be  found  in  the  N.  Amer.  Rev.  for 
January,  1S47.  Ixiv.  20S-216: 

"His  fancy  tenuis  with  bii^'ht  antl  appropriate  images,  and 
thfse  are  woven  into  his  pf.io  usually  witli  exijiiisite  finish  and 
gnice.  llisai tistlL-  nifiitsare  very  great;  his  veisilicalioii  is  never 
sl(»venly.  nor  lii^  tlicti'tn  meagre  or  course:  and  UKiny  of  liissboiter 
pieces  are  inwiouzht  with  sn  much  fire  and  imagination  as  to  rank  I 
amoug  our  best  lyrics." — U'ui  supra.  1 

In  1S3S  Dr.  Holmes  pub.  Bnylston  Prize  Dissertations  j 
for  1S36-;U  :  On   Indigenous  Intermittent  Fever  in  New  , 
England;  Nature  and  Treatment  of  Neuralgia  :  and  Ulilily  > 
and  Importance  of  Direct  E.vploration   in  Medical  Prac- 
tice, Bost.,  8vo.     A  review  of  tbe^e  Kssays.  by  E.  Hale, 
will  he  fouud  in  the  N.  Amer.  Rev.  for  July,  1838,  xlvii. 
161-177: 

"  It  affords  a  proof  of  his  [Dr.  IIrilmes\s]  industry,  as  well  as  of 
his  talents,  that  the  author  shimld  be  successful  in  obtaining 
three  piizes  iu  two  successive  years,  gaining  iu  the  latter  year 
both  that  were  offered." — l/oi  supra. 

His  Lectures  on  Iloniffiopnthy  and  its  Kindred  Delusions 
appeared  in  1842,  and  a  Report  of  his  on  Medical  Litera- 
ture to  the  National  Medieal  Association  was  pub.  in  the 
Trnns.  of  Nat.  Med.  Society  for  1848.  To  these  profes- 
sional labours  are  to  be  added  a  pamphlet  entitled  Puer- 
peral Fever  as  a  Private  Pestilence,  (noticed  in  Boston 
Living  Ajie,  xlv.  18;)  a  number  of  piipers  in  the  New 
England  Quarterly  Jimrnal  of  Medicine  and  Surgery,  and 
in  the  Boston  Medieal  and  Surgical  Journal;  and  (in  coii- 
junctiiin  with  Jacob  Bigch.w,  M.D.)  an  ed.  of  Dr.  Marshall 
Hall's  Principles  of  the  Theory  and  Practice  of  Medicine, 
1839,  Svo.  He  has  also  l)een  a  contributor  of  miscella- 
neuus  articles  to  the  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  the  New  England 
Mag.,  the  Kui<dicrbocker,  &e.  We  have  already  stated 
that  the  first  collective  ed.  of  Holmes's  poems  was  pub.  at 
Boston,  (by  Oiis,  Broaders  &  Co..)  ]S:;6.  12mo.  pp.  163. 
A  second  Amer.  ed.  was  pub.  by  Ticknor  &  Fields  (so  the  , 
firm  now  runs)  in  1S4S;  and  this  enterprising  house  has 
pub.  one  or  more  edits,  every  year  since.  Three  times  in 
the  pre.'ent  j'ear  (1S56)  has  the  press  been  put  in  motion  , 
to  supply  the  public  demand.  The  first  English  ed.  was 
pull,  iu  1846 ;  a  new  ed.  by  INiutledge  in  1852,  32mo ;  and 
a  third  by  the  same  puldi.'rher  in  1S53,  ISmo.  Astvaea.  the 
Balance  of  Illusions,  a  Poem  delivered  before  the  Phi  Beta 
Kappa  Society  of  Yale  College,  August,  1850,  was  pub.  in 
the  same  year,  16mo,  and  again  in  1855,  16mo.  A  notice 
of  this  pr<»duction,  with  copious  e.vtracts,  will  be  found  in 
the  thirty-first  chapter  of  Miss  Mitford's  Literary  Recol- 
lections:  and  see  also  the  Knickerbocker  Mag.,  xx.vvii. 
142.  Miss  Mitford  seems  to  havo  been  indebted  for  her 
copy  of  Astraea  (and  also  for  a  copy  of  the  author's  col- 
lected poems)  to  her  friend, — Holmes's  friend,  our  friend, 
everybody's  friend, — James  T.  Fields.  Esq.,  the  poet-pub- 
lisher of  Bost()n.  (See  Jiage  595  of  this  Dictionary.)  For 
other  notices  of  Holmes's  poems,  see  X.  Amer.  Rev.,  notice 
of  collective  edit,  of  1836,  by  J.  G.  Palfrey,  xliv.  275-277 ; 
ibid.,  notice  of  collective  ed.  of  1849.  hy  Francis  Bowen, 
Ixviii.  201-203;  articles  by  J.  G.  AVhiftier,  in  Knicker- 
bocker, sxvi.  570;  Bost.  Liv.  Age,  (from  the  National 
Era,)  .\x.  516;  notices  of  the  second  English  ed.,  in  Lon. 
Athenseum,  1852,  815;  and  in  the  Iri^h  Quar.  Rev.  for 
June,  1855.  See  also  E.  P.  Whipple's  Essays  and  Reviews, 
1851,  i.  66-67.  and  in  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  January,  1S44 ;  Gris- 
wold's  Poets  and  Poetry  of  America  ;  Duyckincks'  Cyc.  of 
Amer.  Lit.;  (in  the  two  last-named  works  will  be  found 
specimens  of  our  author's  peculiar  powers ;)  Hillard's 
First  Class  Reader;  Chambers's  Hand-Book  of  American 
Literature;  Tuckcrman's  Sketch  of  American  Literature. 

We  quote  a  few  lines  from  the  many  pages  of  enthu- 
siastic laudation  now  before  us  : 

"The  most  concise,  apt,  and  effective  poet  of  the  Rchool  of  Pope 
this  country  has  produced  is  Oliver  Wendell  Holmes.  .  .  .  His 
best  lines  are  a  series  of  rhymed  pictures,  witticisms,  or  senti- 
ments, let  off  with  tlie  precision  and  billliancy  of  the  sciritilhi- 
tions  that  sometimes  illuminate  the  northern  horizon.  The 
significant  terms,  the  pertect  construction,  and  acute  choice  of 
syllaliles  and  emphasis,  render  some  passages  of  Ilolnu-s  ahsuhite 
models  of  versification,  especially  in  the  heroic  measure.  Besides 
these  artistic  merits,  hie  poetry  abounds  with  fine  satire,  hcauli- 
fiil  delineations  of  nature,  and  amusing  caricatures  of  manners. 
The  long  poems  are  metrical  essays  more  pointed,  nuisiciil.  and 
judicious,  as  well  as  wittj',  than  any  that  have  appeared,  of  the 
game  species,  since  the  Essay  on  Man  and  the  Dunciad.'' — IIknky 

T.  TCCKEKMAN:    uhl  Slipro. 

*■  Dr.  Holmes  is  a  piH-t  of  wit  and  Iiumour  and  genial  sentiment, 
with  a  style  remarkable  for  its  purity,  terseness,  and  point,  and 


for  an  exquisite  finish  and  grace.  Ills  lyrics  ring  and  sparkle  like 
cataracts  of  silver;  and  his  sei ions  pieces — as  successful  in  their 
way  as  those  mirthful  frolics  of  his  muse  for  «hich  he  is  hest 
known — arrest  the  attention  by  touches  of  the  most  genuine 
pathos  and  tenderness.  All  his  poems  illustrate  a  manly  feeling, 
and  have  in  some  of  them  a  cuireni  of  yood  sense,  the  more 
charming  hecHuse  somewhat  out  of  fashion  now  in  works  of  ima- 
gination and  fancy." — R.  W.  (iriswold:  u'n  supra. 

"Towi-ite  fiood  comic  verse  is  a  different  thin^  from  writing 
good  comic  poetry.  A  jest  or  a  sharp  saj  ini:  may  be  easily  made 
to  rhyme;  but  to  blend  ludicrous  ideas  wiib  f«ucy  and  ima:;in;ir 
tion.  and  display  in  their  conception  and  expression  the  same 
poetie  qualities  usually  exercised  in  serious  composition,  is  a  rare 
distinction.  Amonj;  American  poets,  we  know  of  no  one  who 
excels  Holmes  iu  this  ditficult  Iraruh  i-f  Hie  art.  Many  of  his 
pleasant  lyrics  seem  not  so  much  Ibr  (>ff>piinv;  of  wit,  as  of  fancy 
and  sentiment  turned  in  a  humnrnus  directiim.  His  manner  of 
satiiizin-r  the  foiMes.  follies,  vanities,  and  alTectatioiis  of  conven- 
tional lite  is  altogether  peculiar  and  ori^rinal.  .  .  .  Holmes  is  also 
a  poet  of  sentiment  ;ind  passion.  .  .  .  Those  who  know  him  only 
as  a  cociic  lyrist,  as  the  libellous  laureate  of  chirping  fully  and 
presuraptu'i'us  egotism,  would  be  surprised  at  the  clexir  sweetness 
and  skylark  thrill  of  his  serious  and  sentimental  compositions."— 
Kdwin  l^.  Whipple:  uhi  sujjra. 

*•  His  longest  pntduetions  are  occasional  poems  which  have  been 
recited  befoi-e  literary  societies  and  received  with  very  great  tkvour. 
His  style  is  brilliant,  sparkling,  and  terse;  and  many  of  his  heroic 
stanzas  remind  us  of  the  point  and  condensation  of  I'ope.  In  his 
shorter  poems,  he  is  sometimes  grave  and  sometimes  gay.  M  hea 
in  the  former  mood,  he  charms  us  by  his  truth  and  manliness  of 
feeling,  and  his  sweetness  of  sentiment:  when  in  the  latter,  he 
delights  us  wilh  the  glance  and  play  of  the  wildest  wit  and  the 
richest  humour.  Every  thing  that  he  writes  is  carefully  finished, 
and  rests  on  a  basis  of  sound  sense  and  shrewd  observatiou." — 
George  S.  Hillakd:  uhi  supra. 

"  If  any  of  your  readers  {and  at  times  we  fear  it  is  the  case  with 
allj  need  amusement,  and  the  wholesome  alterative  of  a  hearty 
laugh,  we  commend  them  not  to  Dr.  Hulmes  the  physician,  but  to 
Dr.  Holmes  the  scholar,  the  wit.  and  the  humourist:  not  to  the 
scientific  medii-nl  professor's  barbarous  Latin,  but  to  his  practical 
prescriptions  given  in  choice  old  Saxon.  We  have  tried  them,  and 
are  ready  to  give  the  doctor  certificates  nf  their  efficacy.  .  .  .  Long 
may  he  live,  to  make  broader  the  face  of  our  care-ridden  genera- 
tion, and  to  realize  for  himself  the  truth  of  the  wise  man's  de- 
claration, that  a  merry  heart  is  -a  coutinual  feast."" — John  G. 
Whittier:  National  Era. 

"  You  went  crazy  last  year  over  Bulwer's  New  Timon  : 
Why.  if  B..  to  the  day  of  his  dying,  should  rhyme  on. 
Heaping  verses  on  verses,  and  tomes  upon  tomes. 
He  could  ne'er  reach  the  best  point  and  vigour  of  Holmes. 
His  are  just  the  fine  hands,  too,  to  weave  you  a  lyric 
Full  of  fancy,  fun.  feeling,  or  spiced  with  satiric, 
In  so  kiudly  a  measure,  that  nobody  knows 
What  to  do  but  e'en  join  in  the  laugh,  friends  and  fo'^s." 

J.  Russell  Lowell:  A  Fablf/or  (h-Hics. 
"As  he  is  everybody's  favourite,  there  is  no  occasion  for  ciitics 
to  meddle  with  him.  either  to  censure  or  to  praise.  He  can  atTord 
to  laugh  at  the  whole  reviewing  fraternity.  His  wit  is  all  his  own, 
so  sly  and  tingling,  but  without  a  drop  of  ill-nature  iu  it,  and 
never  leaving  a  sting  behind.  His  humour  is  so  grotesque  and 
queer,  that  it  rpminds  one  of  the  frolics  of  Tuck:  and  deep  pathos 
mingles  with  it  so  naturally,  that,  when  the  reader's  eyes  are 
brimming  with  tears,  he  knows  not  whether  they  have  their  source 
iu  sorrow  or  in  laughter.  The  great  merits  of  his  English  style 
We  noticed  on  a  former  occasion,  [N.  Amer.  Rev.,  I.\iv.  *2oS-2l6:] 
for  point,  idiomatic  propriety,  and  terseness,  it  is  absolutely  with- 
out a  rival." — Francis  Bowen:  jV.  Avin:  lin\,  lx\iii.  201-203. 

It  is  now  time  to  inquire  into  the  character  of  the  re- 
ception which  our  author's  poetry  has  encountered  on  the 
other  side  of  the  Atlantic,  where  critics  maj'  be  supposed 
to  scan  with  a  less  indulgent  eye  the  pretensions  of  Ame- 
rican authorship.  Miss  Mitford,  in  her  chapter  on  Ame- 
niCAS  Poets,  already  referred  to,  remarks, 

"Of  all  this  tliiiht  of  genuine  poets,  I  haidly  know  any  one  so 
original  as  Dr.  Holmes.  For  him  we  can  lind  no  living  prototype: 
to  track  his  footsteps,  we  must  travel  back  as  far  as  I'ope  or  Dry- 
deu;  and  to  my  mind  it  would  be  w>']I  if  some  of  our  baids  would 
take  the  same  journey. — provided  always  it  produced  the  same  re- 
sult. Lofty,  poignant,  graceful,  grand,  high  of  thou,;ht  aud 
clear  of  word,  we  could  tiiucy  ourselves  reading  some  pungent 
page  of  Absalom  and  Achitophel,  or  of  the  Moral  Epistles,  if 
it  were  not  lor  the  pervading  nationality,  which,  excepting  Whit- 
tier,  American  poets  have  generally  wanted,  aud  tor  that  true 
reflection  of  the  manners  and  follies  of  the  age^  without  which 
satire  would  fail  alike  of  its  purpose  aud  its  name.  .  .  .  He  excels 
in  singing  his  own  charming  songs,  aud  speaks  as  well  as  he 
writes." 

"In  the  lighter  poems  of  Holmes,  humour  is  generally  blended 
with  good  taf^te.  Uis  versitication  is  ea.sy  and  tiuent,  and  rises  to 
di^ruity  and  chastened  elegance  in  his  seriftusand  didactic  poems; 
which  suggest  that  the  writer,  devoting  bis  life  to  literature, 
might  have  achieved  great-er  works.'' — C/iamiers's  Hand-Book  of 
American  Literature,  Lmido/t  aud  Ediulturijh,  1S50. 

"There  are  many  things  in  Holmes '.s  humorous  pieces  which 

bear  strong  resemblance  to  the  similar  productions  of  our  English 

satirists,  Swift,  I'ope.  and  Thnmas  Hood.     He   possesses  Swift's 

quaintne.ss  aud  motley  merriment.  Pope's  polish    and  graceful 

I  piiint,  and  the  solemn   pathos  and  allied  excruciating  miith  of 

!    llood.     In  addition  to  thesL*.  he  has  a  certain  originality  of  his 

!   own,  which  would  be  difficult  to  detine.  but  which  would  seem  to 

'   consist  in   freedom  aud  facility    ingrafdd  on   the  broad,  hearty 

I   nature  of  Brother  Jonathan." — Irish   Qtiarterly  Review,   v.    21&- 

I   220:  Review  of  the  second  English  ed.  (1S52)  of  Holnus's  Pof.ms. 

I       We  find  the  same  vol.  thus  noticed  by  a  famous  London 


noL 

periodical,  the  severity  of  whose  critical  judgments  has 
long  made  its  name  a  terror  to  authordom  on  both  sides 
of  the  Atlantic  : 

Jih^^"f  V"  '''?,!°'  .'"'  "'Wa'^tw  thought,  humorous  &ncy. 
pathetic  feeIini-,-there  is  .in  Augnstan  sonority  and  neatness  6f 
Tersihcation.-in  the  poems  of  Dr.  Holmes,  whiih  by  turns  remind 
l,r^!  1/  ,"fr  S."*'  '!^  ""■■  ColIeges:-of  Crabbe.  who  minutely 
wi  ought  out  the  homeliest  themes  in  heroic  metre,— of  William 
Spencer  s  drawing-room  lyrics,  light  as  gossamer,  sentimental  as 
music  on  a  lake.-and  of  Whistlecivaft.  Yet  there  is  nothing  like 
gioss  or  direct  imitation  in  this  worthy  little  volume."— ion. 
Atfietucum.  1852,  p.  815. 

Dr.  Holmes  was  one  of  the  principal  parties  in  organizin'^ 
the  Atlantic  Monthly,  and  contributed  to  its  first  twelve 
mimbers  a  series  of  papers  entitled  the  "  Autocrat  of  the 
Lreakfast-Table,"  which  were  e.xceedingly  popular,  and 
were  pub.  in  a  vol.  iUustrated  by  Hoppin,  Boston,  1858, 

"The  'Autocrat;  is  as  genial  and  gentle,  and,  withal,  as  phflo- 
•ophical,  an  essayist  as  any  of  modern  times.  Ilazlitt  saturnine 
and  cynical,  would  yet  have  loved  this  writer.  Charles  ™ib 
w.aild  have  opened  his  heart  to  one  who  resembles  him  so  much 
";™.v.<-J«"i'nt  points.  Leigh  Hunt,  we  dare  say,  has  been 
much  delighted  with  1,  m.  Thomas  Hood,  the  great  humanHarian 
would  have  relished  his  lioe  catholic  s,,irit.  Dickens,  no  60S 
has  read  him  more  than  once,  admiring  his  command  of  our  com 
m,m  language -the  -well  of  English  undeflled,'-and,  ah  ve  al 
the  pervading  tone  of  practical  pliilosophy.  The  '  Autocrat '  how^ 
ever,  is  somewhat  more  than  an  ess.ayist :  he  is  contcmpl  ,t  ve  tlta- 
cursive,  poetical  thoughtful,  philosophical,  amusinrmg  native 
tender,-never  didactic.  This  is  the  secret  of  his  nTarked  succeL: 
mind  Tn  7','"'"l.v-;onHtituted  minds  and  various  mondso,' 
IT  ^  }l  r  ■''  ""',""■  "'"oduction  of  lyrical  pieces  (which  we 
are  g  ad  to  have,  t,,  s1„av  that  the  '  Autocrkf  is  essentiallv  a  poet 

Pro?'  sor  Wis™  wh?  '""f,  V'"^'"  ,''""  """  """^  f^emost  nCe 
,1'  1,,.  nrti  f  V  TVy  '■"'■''  ■"■'■loomed  him  to  a  seat  '.above 
In  #    •        „  f'"'-f"'""'<'     Noctes  Ambrosiana.,'  placing  him  next 

MaSn'e"  B^TV.'"  ''T'""^  ^ODoherty'  of  lifackwood^s 
fliajiazitie.  —Dr.  R.  Shelton  Mackenzie. 

Holmes,  Robert,  D.D.,  1749-1805,  a  native  of 
Hampshire  educated  at  iS^ew  Collcse,  O.vford,  became 
Kector  of  Maunton,  Canon  of  Salisbury,  and.  in  1804, 
Dean  of  Winchester.  In  1790  be  succeeded  Thomas 
Warton  as  Professor  of  Poetry  at  0.\ford.  1.  The  Resur 
rection  of  the  Body.  Lon.,  1777,  4to.  2.  Alfred;  an  Ode, 
Ac  l,,8,4to  3.  Eight  Serins,  at  the  Bampton  Lects. 
1782,  on  the  Prophecies  and  Testimony  of  John  the  Bap- 
tist and  the  parallel  prophecies  of  Jesiis  Christ,  178.3,  8vo. 
4.  Four  Theolog.  Tracts,  1788,  8yo.  5.  An  Ode,  1793,  4to. 
6  Treatises  on  Religious  and  Scriptural  Subjects,  b.xf, 
f  1  '  c'  ^''°'  ,  ^f""'-'"!"'  Dunelmeusi  Epistola,  &q.,  1795, 
lol.  8.  lipistolae  Episcopo  Dunelmonsi,  1795,  fol  These 
two  Latin  Epistles  contain  specimens  of  the  edit,  of  the 
Septuagint  commenced  by  Dr.  Holmes  and  completed  by 

If'.lfe'r  n    ^''°'^f  1  ^'.'  "■■■  ^"'""^'^'^  ^""""1  Accounts 
f  '^°  ^'''1«''»'™  of  the  MSS.  of  the  Septuagint  Version, 
from  1789  to  1803.  Svo.      The  titles  of^his  great  work 
run  as  follows  :-Vetus  Testamentum  Gra^cum,  cum  variis 
Lectionibus;  edidit    Robertas    Holmes,    D.D.,    Decanus 
Wmtoniens.s:    torn,  i.,  O.^onii,   e   Typographeo    Claren- 
doniano,      798    fol.      Vetus  Testamentum    Grascum,  cum 
yarns  Lectionibus.     Editionem  a  Roberto  ILdmes  R  T  P 
inchoatam  continuavit  Jacobus  Parsons,  S.T.B. ;  torn   ii  - 
v.,  Oxonii,  e  Typographeo   Clarendoniano,  1818-27,  fol 
The  five  vols,  were  pub.  at  £16  16».  in  sheets.     The  date 
ot  torn.  1.  would  more  properly  have  been  1798-1804      In 
the  next  year_1805-Dr.  Holmes  pub.  the  Book  of  Daniel 
For  a^  account  of  this  work,  which  reflects  great  credit 
upon  the  authors  and   the  University  of  O.xford   we  refer 
the  reader  to  Chalmers's  Biog.  Diet.;    Lon.  Monthly  Re- 
view; Critical  Review;  British  Critic;  Lon.  Gent,  Mag 
L°'-   !^",V.   .I-.""-  Eclec.  Rev.;     Classical   Journal;    Bp 
Maishs   Divinity  Lectures,  (Lect.  .xii. ;)    Home's    Bibl. 
Bib. ;  Lowndes  s  Bnt.  Lib.,  28-29. 

Holmes,  Samuel.  ^  A  Journal  during  his  attendance 


HOL 


on    T,,.i    Ai        . ,-■•„,'"""""«  ""^i^enaance 

?"    Lurd  Macartneys  Embassy   to  China    and  Tartary, 

to  ^e  s""",! '•*''  n  "''*•  i-l"!"'-  '^"^"8^'^  '■'"'i  Adventures 
to  the  Southern  Ocean,  1737,  Lon.,  1757,  12mo. 

Holroyd,  Edward.     1.  Case  of  A.  Thornton,  Lon., 

Bvo      Z.  Law  of  Patents  for  Inventions,  1830,  8vo      This 

Tr'jl'^  f^r^""'^  \°  ^'"'"'"''  "''"^'  Mr.  Richard  Godson's 
treats  of  Copyrights  as  well  as  of  Patents :  (see  p.  f>S2  ) 

F,E?".    "''   '  •'»'•"««"".  Earl  of  Sheflaeld.  See  Shep- 

nnde?''^  I"'  ^"thony  Frederick,  a  fictitious  name 
under  which  several  novels  wore  pub.,  Lon.,  1809-15 
Ho  .stein,  Esther.     Ernestina;  a  Nov.,  1801,  o'vols 
Holsteiu,  (General  H.L.  V.  Ducoudray,  wrote; 

^  c.  'The  jT'Ti-  "'■■'^^"^T."""''  «'•  'I"  OUiccr  of  the  Em- 
piie.  The  Life  ol  Simon  Bolivar,  Ac,  and  edited  at  Albany 
a  literary  periodical,  entitled  The  Zodiac  ^'""ny 

870 


.  ,  Holsworth,  Richard.     See  HoLnswonrn 

Holt,  Sir  Charles.  Med.  con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1699. 
Holt,  I'rancis  Ludlow,  d.  1844.  (,iueeu's  Counsel, 
^.ce-Cbancellor  of  Lancashire,  1826-44,  for  many  years 
chief  editor  of  Bell's  Weekly  Messenger.  1.  The  L'uid 
we  Live  in:  a  Com.,  Lou.,  1804,  '05,  Svo.  2.  Law  and 
Usage  of  Pari,  in  (_'ases  of  Privilege  and  Contempt,  1810, 
Svo.  3.  Lawof  Libel.  1812.  '16,  Svo.  Reviewed  by  Lord 
Brougb.am  in  Edi.i  Rev.,  Sept.  1816;  and  in  collected 
Contrib,  to  Ldui.  Rev.,  IS56,  iii.  150-179.  1st  Amer. 
ed.,  by  A.  Bleeker,  N.  York,  1818,  Svo.  A  good  book  iu 
p'riuf  "rsi".  °°\'"''""fo'!!'''  *•  ^•'P-  °f  Cases  at  Nisi 
mo:''24   s'vo''        "■'   '''''   '^°-      '■  ^^"  »f  Shipping, 

.^^Ir^  t^himS,.^^^,i?S,;[  ^1  ■'"'^^''-'  ^^' 

6.  ■Treat  on  the  Bankrupt  Laws,  1827,  Svo.  See  biogra- 
phical notice  of  this  excellent  man  and  useful  writer  in 
Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  Dec.  1844. 

Holt,  John.     See  Holte. 

Holt,  Sir  John,  1642-1710,  Lord  Chief-Justice  of 
the  King  s  Bench,  1689-1710,  was  a  native  of  Thane, 
lorkshire,  educated  at  Oriel  Coll,,  Oxford,  and  entered  at 
Gray  «  Inn,  lbo8.  1.  Reports  of  Cases  determined  by  Sir 
John  HoU,  1681-1710,  from  a  MS.  of  Thos.  Farresley,  Ac, 
JjOn.,  1  (  uS,  Jul. 

'•Fan-esley  w,as  the  author  of  7th  Modern,  a  book  of  but  in- 
diftereut  authonty.  The  merits  of  the  present  work,  I  belieVe  ire 
in_a  concatenation  accordingly."- (KcW's  Rcp,Mcr',^ll2 

6th  and  7th  Modern  both  contain  Reports  of  Holt's 
Judgments: 

'•  lie  complained  bitterly   of    his    reporters,    saving   that  the 

bem-h  '  He'"!' a  ■";■'"'"]»  ."""^  "'■'"  "'  ^'^  brethren  on  the 
bench.  He  chieHy  retened  to  a  collection  of  lienorts  called 
MODEKN,  enibraciag  nearly  the  whole  of  the  time  when  h?  at 
on  thebench.-which  are  composed  in  a  very  loos™  nine, functoiy 
manner.  Morojustlce  is  done  to  him  by  Salkeld  Carthew  I  ev  ?,/ 
Shower,  and  Skinner;  but  these  do  little  more  than  rtite  drily 
the  p„iut.s  which  he  decided,  and  we  should  have  bwn  left  wi  h- 

for  admirebri;"  "TT';""?'?  J""*'^''''  P°'^"-  hadU  not  been 
tor  admiiable  heports  of  his  decisious  published  after  his  deith 
These,  beginning  with  Easter  Term,  o'w.  4  .M..  were  compiled 
by  Lord  1  aymond.  who  was  his  pupil,  and  who  fcecTme  h  s'  uc^ 
cesser.  5Ian.y  of  the™  are  distinguished  bv  animation  as  will  as 
precision,  and  they  l„rm  a  delightful  treat' to  the  h.app;  few  who 

seve,.'"!  ^^b™"  '?  ""'i  "P'^^^T""  """  ^"'^  Mansfield  and 
seve.al  other  judges  doubt  the  accuracy  of  the  beginning 
of  R.aymoi,ds  first  vol.;  but  this  is  a  ve^aU,  gua:.lio, 
which  we  shall  let  the  lawyers  decide,  or,  rather,  discuss 
The  d.cnm  of  a  layman  would  have  but  little  weight  in 

of  Cases,  Ac  1,42,  ,8vo,  is  sometimes  cited  as  6'asc.  Ter.i. 
ni  V  •  ',''™g''/,l'''^"i'l«  is  generally  used  to  distin- 
guish Farres  ey's  tolio,  1738.  We  must  not  for.ret  to 
mention  that  m  1837,  Svo,  there  was  pub.  from  the  original 

Cate"o7  AsbU  'wk;'  ^''''}  "V"'^  J"Jg"'e"ts  in°  the 
Case  of  Ashbyt.  White  and  others,  and  J.  Paty  and 
others.  In  1708,  Lord  Holt  edited  a  collection  of  Crown 
Cases,  from  the  MS.  of  Chief-Justice  Kelynge,  uddTIg 
three  judgments  ol  bis  own,  all  of  which  are  upon  the  law 
of  murder  and  manslaughter  • 

A  new  ed.  of  the  above  folio,  or  rather  a  new  title-pn^e 
was  pub.  in  1739.  Respecting  this  great  judge,  in  addi 
Uon  to  authorities  above  cited,  consult  his  Liferi704  S  o- 
Biog.  Brit,  vo.  vii  Supp.;  Burnet's  Own  Times;  Atben' 
0.«n  ;  Nichols's  Atterbury;  Marvin's  Leg.  Bibl.  T.^tle" 
No  14 ;  ^  art  on  Law-School  at  CambridgeT  by  Dr  Charles 
Follen,  in  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  xxxvi.  395-4fs.  One  of  uJlt's 
most  eelebr.ated  judgments  is  that  of  Coggs  v.  B,arn.ard 

In  which  the  law  of  bailments  is  expoundl.:^  with  phHo"  ,'hic 
precision  and  fulne.ss.  .  .  .  And.  if  he  had  left  no  other  judZnt 
Sern  iud  '.e  ,h,",'°°,,'  """^  J'"^'">  '''o  ''■"°»-  "f  an  cm  "eSt  iii- 
nii,  lt.c  f  ,'ll  -     if  ''"'."'  ^'"'"i  "  '""y'^'-  "^  "'■"  sat  in  West 

Holt  deserves  great  credit  for  his  courageous  guardian- 
hip  of  the  legal  rights  of  the  people  in  o'ppositfon  to  the 
tyr.annical  measures  of  King  James  11.  This  was  not  for- 
gotten  by    he  succeeding  government.     An  eminent  au- 

wb  7tb  p  "  ';"'"'  °^  """'  "'■^'■""g  ">  'he  manner  in 
which  the  Revolution  judges  were  selected,  remarks: 

of "/n^,nd",b'  n""''"  """  ^"  '";'"'  """■  "^'''■"  1""^  ChlefJustico 
°t  ail  his  tin'  ^,  if""'''  "■■■."  '"  '"  '■'«'■ »  >'°''*'  "■'^"  "■•'intained 
L^.t  y  '"'  "  t'"'™'  reputati.m  for  capacity,  iute-iitv 

courage,  and  di.spatch.'-]!isi,oi.  BiRNtr:  Om,  TimJ.  °     ^' 

He  was  a  man  of  profound  knowledge  of  the  laws  of  his 


HOL 


noM 


cotintry,  and  aa  just  an  observer  of  them  in  his  own  person."— 
TaUer,  No.  14. 

"  A  man  of  unsullied  honour,  of  profound  learning,  and  of  the 
most  enlightened  understanding."— Lord  Campbell:  ubi  supra. 

"  Onj.hn  intimate  connection  of  these  two  codes,  [those  of  Home 
and  Kngland.)  let  us  hear  the  words  of  Lnrd  Holt,  whose  name 
never  can  be  pronounced  without  veneration,  as  luu";  as  wisdom 
and  iutetirity  are  revered  among  men."— Sir  James  Maceintosb  ; 
On  the  .Stiiili/  (if  the  Laio  of  Nature  and  Nations;  MisccU.  Wc/rks, 
1856,  ii.  386. 

Holt,  John,  1742-lSOl,  a  native  of  Mottram,  Che- 
shire, a  schoolmaster.  1.  Characters  of  the  Kings  and 
Queens  of  England,  Lon.,  178G-SS,  3  vols.  12mo  ;  1794, 
8vo.  A  work  of  merit.  2.  General  View  of  the  Agricult. 
of  the  County  of  Lancaster,  171*5,  8vo, 

"  It  is  a.  very  respectable  performance." — DonaUhon^s  AgHcult. 
Biog. 

3.  Essay  on  the  Curie  of  Potatoes.     See  Lon.  Gent.  Mag., 
Tol.  ixxi.     At  the  time  of  his  death  he  was  employed  in 
collecting  materials  for  a  history  of  Liverpool. 
Holt,  John.     See  IIolte, 

Holt,  Joseph,  General  of  the  Irish  Rehels  in  179S. 
His  Memoirs,  Lou.,  lS;i8,  2  vols.  8vo.  See  Croker, 
Thomas  CitnrToN  ;  Dubl.  Univ.  Mag.,  xii.  72-74, 

Holt,  I.iullow,  LL.D.     Serms.,  1780-81,  both  4to. 
Holt,  Kichard.     Artificial  Stone,  Lon.,  1730,  8vo. 
Holt,  Thomas.     Fearful  News  from  Coventry;  or, 
a  Relation  of  T.  Holt's  having  sold  himself  to  the  Devil, 
Lon.,  Iti42,  4to. 

Holte,  John,  author  of  the  first  Latin  Grammar  of 
any  note  in  Englnnd,  a  native  of  Sussex,  educated  at,  and 
Fellow  of,  Magdalen  College,  Oxford,  became  an  eminent 
schoolmaster,  lie  pub.  his  Grammar,  (Lac  Pueoru;  Mylke 
for  Chyldren.)  according  to  Wood,  aliout  1497,  4to;  Lon., 
by  W.  de  Worde,  4to.  But  see  Dibdiu's  Typ.  Antiq.,  ii. 
380,  and  his  Lib.  Comp.,  571.  A  copy  of  this  rare  book, 
which  consists  of  48  leaves,  sine  anno,  was  in  Richard 
Heber's  library.  See  Tanner;  Balej  Bliss's  Wood's  Athen. 
Oxon. 

Holthouse,  C,  Assistant  Surgeon  and  Lecturer  to  the 
Westminster  Hospital.  Six  Lccts.  on  Strabismus,  Lon., 
1854,  8vo. 

"We  can  strongly  recommend  a  perusal  of  these  lectures  to  all 
who  are  interested  in  the  sni'jcct  of  Strabismus." — Lmi.  Med.  Times 
and  fiazp.ttc.     Als'i  connni.ndeiJ  by  Kilin.  Month.  .Timr. 

Holthouse,  Henry  James,  of  the  Inner  Temple, 
Special  Pleader.  New  Law  Dictionary,  Lon.,  1839.  fp. 
8vo;  2d  ed.,  1846,  p.  8vo.  1st  Amer.  wl.,  from  the  2d 
Lon.  ed.,  with  numerous  addits.,  by  Henry  Penington,  of 
the  Phila.  Bar,  Phila.,  1847,  12mo.  2d  Amer.  ed.,  Bost, 
1850,  p.  8vo. 

'■Its  object  principally  is  to  impress  arcurately  and  distinctly 
upon  the  mind  the  meaninp;  of  the  techniral  terms  of  the  law ;  and 
as  such  it  can  hardly  fnil  to  be  generally  useful.  There  is  much 
curious  information  to  be  found  in  it  in  regard  to  the  peculiarities 
of  the  ancient  Saxon  law.  The  additionsof  the  American  edition 
[Mr.  Peninf^ton'sj  g\\Q  increased  value  to  the  work,  and  evince 
much  accuracy  and  taste." — Painn.  Law  Jour. 
See  also  5  M.  L.  M.,  199 ;  36  L.  M.,  174. 
Holwell,  John,  an  Englishman,  surveyor  to  the 
crown,  an  adherent  of  the  Duke  of  Monmouth,  d.  in  New 
York  about  1685,  and  is  supposed  to  have  been  poisoned 
from  political  animosity.  1.  Catastrophe  Mundi,  1682, 
4to.  This  is  an  attack  on  the  Popish  party.  Appendix, 
1683,  4to.  2.  Prac.  Surveyor,  Lon.,  16S7,  Svo.  3.  Trigo- 
nometry made  Easy,  1685.  Svo.  See  Asiatic. Annual  Re- 
gister, vol.  i. ;  Chalmers's  Biog.  Diet. 

Holwell,  John  Zephaniah,  1711-1798,  a  native 
of  Dublin,  grandson  of  the  preceding,  and  a.  member  of 
the  Council  at  Calcutta,  was  one  of  the  suficrers  in  the 
"Black  Hole,"  of  which  melancholy  affair  he  gives  an 
account  in  the  India  Tracts,  Lon.,  1758,  8vo;  1764,  '77, 
4to.  He  pub.  several  other  works  on  East  India  affairs  : — 
Interesting  Hist.  Events  relative  to  Bengal  and  Industan, 
with  the  Mythology  of  the  Gentoos,  Ac.,  in  three  parts,  Svo, 
1765-66-71 ;  Small-Pox  in  the  East  Indies,  1767,  Svo.  Ac; 
A  New  Experiment  for  the  Prevention  of  Crimes,  17S6, 
Svo;  and  a  Dissert,  on  the  Origin,  Nature,  and  Pursuits 
of  Intelligent  Beings,  1788,  Svo.  This  is  a  curious  pro- 
duction. An  account  of  Holwell  and  Ins  publications  will 
be  found  in  the  Asiatic  Annual  Register,  vol.  i. ;  see  also 
Chalmers's  Biog.  Diet. 

Holwell,  Thomas.  Newe  Sonets  and  Pratie  Pam- 
phlet?, Lon.,  sine  anno,  4to. 

Holwell,  Wni.,  Preb.  of  Exeter,  d.  1798.  1.  Beauties 
of  Homer,  Lon.,  1775,  Svo.  2.  Extracts  from  Pope's  Trans, 
of  the  Iliad.  1776,  Svo.  3.  A  Mytholog.,  Etymolog.,  and 
Hist.  Diet.,  extracted  from  the  Analysis  of  Ancient  My- 
thology. 1793,  Svo.  This  is  from  Jacob  Bryant's  elaborate 
work. 
Holybushy  John.     See  Hollybushe. 


Holybush,  John.  See  noLvwoon, 
HolV*lay,  Barten,  D.D.,  1593-1661,  a  native  of  Ox. 
ford,  educated  at  Christ  Church,  Chaplain  to  Charles  I,, 
and  Archdeacon  of  Oxford.  His  best-known  works  are  a 
Trans,  of  Juvenal  and  Persius;  4th  ed.,  Oxf.,  1673.  fuh  : 
Survey  of  the  World  ;  a  Poem,  1661,  sm.  Svo  :  and  twenty 
serms.  See  Athen.  Oxon. ;  Wood's  Life ;  Lloyd's  Memoirs ; 
Malone's  Dryden. 

HolyoaUe,  Francis,  1567  ?-1653.  Rector  of  Southam, 
Warwickshire,  pub.  an  Etymological  Diet,  of  Latin  Words, 
1606,  4to;  4th  ed.,  1633,  *40.  New  ed.,  enlarged,  by  hia 
son,  Thomas  Holyoake,  Lon.,  1677,  fol.  This  may  be 
called  a  new  work,  founded  on  the  old  one  of  his  father's. 
Francis  Holyoake  also  pub.  a  Sermon,  Heb.  xiii.  17,  Oxf., 
1010.  4to.     See  Athen.  Oxon. 

Holyoake,  Thomas,  1616-1675,  Preb.  of  the  Col- 
legiate Church  of  Wolverhampton,  son  of  the  preceding, 
q.  r.  See  Athen.  Oxon.;  Gen.  Diet;  Gent.  !Mag.,  voL  i. 
Holywood, Holybush, HalifaY,  or  Saciobosco, 
John,  Prof,  of  Mathematics  in  the  Univ.  of  Paris,  was 
the  author  of  De  Sphocra  Mundi,  often  reprinted  with 
annotations;  Do  Anni  Rationc,  sen  de  Computo  Ecclcsi- 
astico ;  De  Algorismo,  printed  with  Comm.  Petri  Cirvilli 
Hisp.,  Paris,  1498.  Where  or  when  this  writer  was  born 
and  died  is  involved  in  doubt.  It  is  not  certainly  known 
whether  he  lived  in  the  13th  or  14th  century.  See  Mac- 
kenzie's Scotch  Writers,  vol.  i. ;  Harris's  Ware's  Ireland; 
Leland;  Pits;  Bale;  Dempster;  Hutton's  Diet.;  Cham- 
bers and  Thomson's  Biog.  Diet,  of  Eminent  Scotsmen, 
1855,  vol.  iii. 

Holyoke,  Edward,  d.  1769,  aged  79,  graduated  at 
Harvard  College  in  1705,  was  ordained  in  1716,  and  offi- 
ciated as  President  of  that  noble  institution  from  1737 
until  his  death.  He  pub.  a  serm.,  1737,  another,  1741,  an 
answer  to  Mr.  Whitefield,  1744,  and  contributed  the  first 
poem  in  the  Pietas  et  Gratulatio  of  Harvard  College,  1761, 
Bost..  4to,  pp.  106. 

Holyoke,  Edward  Augustus,  M.D.,  172S-1S29, 
son  of  the  preceding,  an  eminent  physician,  graduated  at 
Harvard  College  in  1746,  and  practised  for  nearly  eighty 
years  at  Salem.  Mass.  He  pub.  a  number  of  Astronomical 
papers  in  Silliman's  Journal,  and  medical  articles  in  the 
Trans.  Ma.ss.  Med.  Society,  and  N.  York  Med.  Repository. 
He  left  a  number  of  Diaries  in  MS.  See  Knapp's  Amer. 
Biog.;  Mass.  Med.  Society,  vol.  iv. ;  (Memoir  by  Dr.  A. 
L.  Peirson  of  Salem,)  Williams's  Amer.  Med.  Biog.  j  Amer. 
Qiiar.  Reg.,  xiii.  79. 

Holyoke,  Samuel  Adams,  a  teacher  of  music,  d. 
1820,  at  Concord,  Mass.  1.  Columbian  Repository  of  Sa- 
cred Harmony.     2.  Occasional  Music,  Exeter,  1S02. 

Homans,  Benjamin,  editor  of  the  Military  and 
Naval  Magazine  of  the  U.  States,  Washington,  D.C.,  6 
vols.  Svo. 

Homans,  J.  Smith,  editor  of  (1.)  J.  W.  Gilbarfa 
Treat,  on  Banking,  N.  York,  1S51,  Svo;  Phila.,  1S54,  Svo; 
2.  W.  J.  Lawson's  Hist,  of  Banking;  with  addits.,  Bost., 
1852,  Svo ;  3.  The  Banker's  Magazine  and  Statistical 
Register,  New  York;  voL  x.  pub.  in  1856.  4.  In  conjunc- 
tion with  J.  Smith  Homans,  Jr.,  A  Cyclopedia  of  Commerce 
and  Commercial  Navigation,  N.Y.,  1858,  r.  Svo,  pp.  2000, 
douVde  columns.     By  far  the  best  work  on  the  subject. 

Homans,  J.  Smith,  Jr.  A  Historical  and  Statistical 
Account  of  the  Foreign  Commerce  of  the  United  States. 
See  Homans,  J.  Smith. 

Home.  Select  Views  in  Mysore;  with  Hist.  Descrip- 
tions. Lon.,  1794,  r.  4to. 

Home,  Alexander.  Decis.  of  the  Ct.  of  Session 
from  Nov.,  1735,  Ediu.,  1757,  fol. 

Home,  Charles.  A  new  Chronological  Abridgt.  of 
the  Hist,  of  Eng.,  Lon.,  1791,  Svo.  A  work  of  merit,  but 
with  many  erroneous  dates. 

Home,  or  Hume,  David,  See  Htme. 
Home,  Sir  Everard,  Bart.,  President  Royal  Coll. 
of  Surgeons,  1756-1832,  a  native  of  Greenlaw  Castle, 
county  of  Berwick,  Scotland,  studied  medicine  with  his 
brother-in-law,  the  celebrated  John  Hunter,  and  practised 
in  London  with  great  success  fur  more  than  five  years. 
Among  his  contributions  to  medical  literature  are  Observa- 
tions on  the  Treatment  of  Ulcers  on  the  Legs,  1797;  On 
Cancer,  1805  ;  On  Strictures  of  the  Urethra,  *fec.,  3  vols. 
Svo;  on  the  Prostate  Gland,  2  vols.  Svo;  many  papers 
in  Phil.  Trans.,  Nic.  Jour.,  and  other  periodicals ;  and  the 
following  great  work:  Lects.  on  Comparative  Anatomy, 
&e.,  1814-28,  6  vols.  r.  4to,  361  plates,  £18  188.;  large 
paper,  r.  4to,  £27  6«. 

"The  Bix  volumes  taken  together  are  filled  with  researchoa  that 
were  begun  at  seventeen,  and  have  been  uniuterruptedly  coa- 

S71 


HOM 


noM 


tinued  to  seventy, — a  period  of  fifty-five  years.  It  is  to  the  late 
John  Hunter  I  owo  the  hive  of  the  pursuit ;  and  his  example,  botli 
of  applicatiiiu  and  the  mude  ol  iiivestiLfatinii.  I  have  never  lost 
Ei^lit  of.  To  him  1  am  indfhti-d  fur  the  ilirh  stures  whiih  he 
placed  before  nie.  which  it  has  beeu  the  hei^^ht  of  my  ambition  to 
inci'ease,' — Author's  Prfface. 

Offirial  investigations  have  left  no  flmilit  remaining 
that  Sir  Everard  did,  indeed,  "  owe  to  the  late  John  Hun- 
ter" more  than  was  y;enurally  supposed. 

A  I)in;,^raphical  notice  of  Sir  Everard  will  be  found  in 
Lon.  (lent.  JIa^^.  Oct.  18:52. 

Hume,  Francis,  M.D.,  Prof,  of  Materia  Metlica  in 
the  Univ.  of  Edinburgh,  pub.  Prineipia  Jlc'licina,  Edin., 
1758,  70,  'S3.  Svo;  Med.  Facts  and  Experiments,  Edin. 
and  Lon.,  1759,  8vo ;  in  German,  Alteiib.,  17fiS,  Svo;  in 
French,  Par.,  1773,  12mo:  f^everal  other  profess.  &c. 
works;  and  The  Principles  of  Agricult.  and  Vegetation, 
Lon,  1757,  '58,  '62,  Svo. 

'•The  first  regular  attempt  to  put  agriculture  on  scientific 
grounds." — Donaldson's  AgricuU.  Btng. 

Home,  Henry,  Lord  Kames,  1696-1 782,  a  native 
of  the  county  of  Berwick,  Scotland,  was  for  f^ome  time  a 
writer  to  the  Si<;net,  was  called  to  the  Bar  in  1724,  made 
a  Judge  of  the  Court  of  Session  in  1752.  when,  according 
to  custom,  he  took  the  title  of  Lord  Kames;  ajipointed 
one  of  the  Lords  of  Justiciary  in  1763.  He  cultivated 
the  large  estate  of  Bhtir-Drummond,  in  Peithshlre,  of 
which  he  became  posses!<cd  in  right  of  his  wife.  Lord 
Kames  was  noted  for  grea,t  public  spirit;  and  his  cheer- 
fulness of  temjier,  combined  with  a  vast  anniunt  of  infor- 
mation on  literary,  political,  and  agricultural  topics,  made 
him  a  general  favouiite  in  society.  The  reader  will  be 
greatly  interested  in  A.  F.  Tytler's  {Lord  Woodhouselee) 
Memoirs  of  the  Life  and  AVritings  of  the  ILm.  Henry 
Home,  uf  Kames;  with  a  Supp.,  Edin.,  18*17-10,  2  vols. 
4to;  Lon.,  1811,  3  vols.  8vo.  His  life  was  nUi>  pub.  by 
Wm.  Smellie:  (see  Gregory,  John,  p.  737.)  1.  Ileuiark- 
able  Decisions  in  the  Ct.  of  Session,  1716-28,  fob,  Edin., 
1728.  2.  Essays  on  several  vSuiijects  in  Law,  1732,  Svo. 
3.  Diet,  of  the  Decisions  of  the  Ct.  of  Sc'-.^ion.  1741,  2  vols, 
fob  With  continuation  by  Lord  AVoodhouselee  and  T. 
Macgrugar;  whole  work,  1741-1804.  6  vols,  fob  Now 
superseded  by  the  Diet,  of  W.  M.  Morison,  1808-18,  42 
vols.  4to,  and  Supp.  by  M.  P.  Bniwn.  1823-26,  5  vols.  4to, 
and  the  Synopsis  by  M.  P.  Brown,  182'.t,  4  vols.  4lo,  4. 
Essays  upon  several  subjects  concerning  Brit.  Antiquities, 
1747,  '49,  Svo;  1763,  12mo.  5.  Essay  on  the  Principles 
of  Morality  and  Natural  lleligion,  1751,  Svo.  This  work 
elicited  a  warm  controversy  : 

"It  was  with  diificulty  that  the  threat  influence  of  the  author 
prevented  this  bL-ini;  censured  by  the  Church  of  Scotland.  In 
the  suljsequeut  editions  tlie  olTensive  passa>;«s  were  removed." 

6.  Principles  of  the  Law  of  Scotland,  1754.  2  vrils.  Svo. 
7.  The  Statute  Law  of  Scotland  Abridged;  with  Hist. 
Notes,  1757,  79,  Svo. 

*•  Kanies's  AbriUiiUient  of  the  Statute  Law  of  Kngland  is  the 
test  work  of  the  kind,  because  he  was  far  more  fit  for  such  a  task 
than  any  other  who  ever  undertonk  it;  yet  it  is  full  of  imperfec- 
tions, which  seem  necessarily  incident  to  all  works  of  the  kind." 
— Ni-w  Edin.  A'ev.,  i.  24.  17G1. 

8.  Historical  Law  Tracts,  175S,  Svo ;  2d  ed.,  1761,  Svo; 
4th  ed.,  enlarged,  1792,  Svo. 

"The  IIi>tiii  i  m1  I.:iw  Tracts  of  Lord  Kames  are  conducted  upon 
a  very  judi'i  ^u-  -.vsirm  nt  invest  igatini:  the  natural  piinciples  of 
some  ol  till-  iJii'St  iiti]..irtantobj.>i'ts  of  judicial  science,  and  tiaeiui; 
the  nppliciition  of  them  in  the  Laws  ot  Itome,  of  Scotland,  and  of 
En^laud;  but  a  compaiison  between  the  Laws  of  Sculljind  and 
Eni^land.  conducted,  1  think,  with  threat  fairness,  isappareiitly  the 
leading  object  of  the-  uiideitakin^,^." — 1  Evanii's  l*olli.  Intro.  68. 

9.  Principles  of  E(|uity,  176U,  '67,  fob;  3d  ed.,  1778, 
2vols.8vo;  1788,  1800,  Svo;  1S25,  Svo.  Karnes's  defini- 
tion of  Equity  has  been  confuted  by  Blackstone  in  his 
Comment.,  q.v.:  see  also  Wjirren's  Law  Studies,  ed.  IS15, 
292;  15  Amer.  Jur.  366;  1  Mad.  Ch..  Pref.,  14;  Marvin's 
Leg.  Bibb,  394.  10.  Introduc.  to  the  Art  of  Thinking. 
1761;  3d  ed.,  enlarged,  1775,  12mo :  often  reprinted. 
11.  Letters  from  a  Blacksmith  to  the  Ministers  and 
Elders  of  the  Church  of  Scotland,  1761.  12.  Elements 
of  Criticism,  Lon.,  1762,  3  vols.  Svo;  1763,  3  vols.  Svo; 
1709,  2  vols.;  5th  ed.,  Edin.,  1774,  2  vols.  Svo;  6th 
ed.,  17S5.  2  vols.  Svo;  7th  ed.,  178S.  2  vols.  Svo;  Basil, 
1795,  3  vols.  Svo;  Lon.,  1817,  2  vols.  Svo;  11th  ed.,  1S40, 
Svo;  abridged  by  A.  Jamieson,  1823,  12mo.  Amer.  eds.; 
by  A.  Mills,  1849,  *kc. ;  by  Kev.  J.  K.  Boyd,  1855,  r. 
12mo. 

"  Uu.  .lOHNsON. — 'Sir.  tliis  book  Is  a  pretty  essay,  and  deserves 
to  be  held  in  some  estimation.  thou,;h  much  of  it  is  chimerical.  .  .  . 
The  Sc'tehuian  has  taken  the  right  uiethnd  in  his  Elements  of 
Criticism.  I  do  not  mean  that  he  has  taught  us  any  thing;  but 
be  has  told  us  old  tliinps  in  a  new  wav.' 

"Muiu'iiv. — '  lie  seems  to  have  read  a  great  deal  of  Fiench  oriti- 
872 


cism.  and  m.-ikes  it  his  own;  as  if  he  had  been  for  years  anatomiz- 
i«.;j:.tlie  heart  of  nmn  and  peepiii;^  int'i  every  cranny  of  it.' 

'•t»ni.i).'-MiTn. — •  It  is  easier  to  wiite  that  book  than  to  read  it.'" — 
Jinsii'dl's  Lifi'  nf  JoliVRmi. 

"Tlie  Elrmrnts  n/  Criticism,  considered  as  the  first  systematical 
attempt  to  inv('sli;rate  tlie  nietaphysicnl  piinciplesof  thefine  arts, 
possesses,  in  spite  of  its  nuniemus  di-fi-cts  both  in  point  of  taste 
and  of  philosophy,  infinite  merits,  and  will  ever  be  re;rarded  as  a 
literary  wonder  bv  those  who  know  lunv  small  a  portion  of  his 
time  it  was  possildt:  for  the  authoi-  to  allot  to  the  composiliim  of 
it,  amidst  the  imperious  and  multifarious  duties  of  a  nn-st  active 
and  useful  life." — Dugald  Stlwart:  1st.  Prelim.  Dissert.  Encyc. 
Brit. 

"His  great  work.  The  Elements  of  Criticism,  is  truly  an  ori- 
jrinal  performance,  and  which,  discarding  all  arbitrary  rules  of 
literary  conipnsilion  derived  fr<iiu  aulhr^rity,  estabti^hes  a  new 
theory  upon  the  piinciples  of  human  nature." — Dr.  Hkes. 

And  see  Blackw.  Mag.,  XXV.  539;  xxx.  94;  xxxvii.  700. 
13.  Remarkable  Decisions  of  the  Ct.  of  Session,  1730- 
52,  Edin.,  1766,  fob  11.  Antiqnily  of  the  Eng.  Consti- 
tution, 1768,  Svo.  15.  Sketches  of  the  Hist,  of  Man,  1774, 
2  vols.  4to.  Enlarged,  1778,  4  vols.  Svo;  Duhl..  1779,  2 
vols.  Svo;  Edin.,  178S,  4  vols.  Svo.  Also  at  Basil  in  4 
vols.  Svo. 

■■  .\  hJLihly  curious  collection  of  arranjred  facts; — in  the  main 
rather  disipiisitional  and  theoi-etic  tlian  historical." — CllAlK. 

16.  The  Gentleman  Farmer,  Edin.,  1776,  Svo;  5th  ed., 
1S02.  Svo. 

"The  book,  however,  possesses  much  merit,  and  shows  a  lar^e 
proi;ress  being  made  on  agricultural  subjects.'' — Donaldson's  A gri- 
cult.  Bing. 

17.  Elucidations  respecting  the  Commer.  and  Statute 
Law  of  Scotland,  1777,  Svo;  ISOO,  Svo. 

"  llis  extreme  inaccuracy  in  what  he  ventures  to  state,  with 
respect  both  to  the  ancient  Common  Law  and  the  modern  Knizlish, 
Law.  tends  not  a  little  to  shake  the  credit  of  his  rejnesentations 
of  all  law  whatever.'  See  Marvin's  Leg.  Bibb,  ^95;  1  Dow,  164; 
2  Ila^ET.  Const.  Uep..  92. 

18.  Select  Decisions  of  the  Ct.  of  Session,  1752-68,  fob, 
1780.  19.  Loose  Hints  on  Education,  17S1,  Svo.  Enlarged, 
1782,  Svo.  In  addition  to  authorities  cited  above,  see 
Chambers  and  Thomson's  Biog.  Diet,  of  Eminent  Scots- 
men, 1855,  vol.  iii. ;  Disraeli's  Quarrels  of  Authors;  do. 
on  the  Literary  Character;  Blair's  Lects.  on  Rhetoric  and 
Belles-Lettres;  Story's  Equity  Jurisp.,  ed.  1853,  i.  IS,  n. ; 
Hallam's  Lit.  Hist,  of  Europe,  ed.  1S54,  iii.  94;  Cockburu's 
Memorials  of  his  Time,  1856. 

Home,  James,  Advocate.  The  Scripture  Hist,  of 
the  .Jews  and  their  RcpulJic,  Lon.,  1737,  2  vols.  Svo.  An 
excelloiit  work.  Recommended  by  Bishop  Tomliue,  in  his 
Elements  of  Chri^^lian  Theology, 

Home,  John,  1724-1S08,  the  author  of  Douglas,  was 
a  native  of  Ancrum,  Roxburghshire,  Scotland,  educated  at 
the  University  of  Edinburgh,  and  licensed  to  preach  in 
the  Church  of  Scotland  in  1747.  In  December,  1756,  his 
(1.)  Tragedy  of  Douglas  was  presented  at  the  theatre  in  the 
Canongate,  Edinburgh, 

"  It  was  received  with  enthusi.x';tic  applause,  and.  in  the  conclu- 
sion, drew  forth  many  tears,  which  were  perhaps  a  more  uneiiui- 
TOcal  testimony  to  its  merits.  The  town  was  in  an  upittar  of  ex- 
ultation that  a  Scotsman  should  write  a  tragedy  of  the  first  rate, 
and  that  its  merits  were  first  submitted  to  them." 

But  the  successful  author  was  soon  reminded  that  he 
was  exercising  his  genius  in  a  forbidden  field;  and  he 
found  it,  expedient  to  anticipate  his  expected  degradation 
from  the  ministerial  office  by  abdicating  his  pulpit,  which 
he  did  in  June,  1757.  It  is  perhajis  worthy  of  notice  that 
the  representation  of  Douglas  tdicited  Dr.  Withcrspoon's 
Serious  Inquiry  into  the  Nature  and  Etfects  of  the  Stage. 
Mr.  Home  now  found  a  jjowcit'ul  jiatrun  in  Lord  Bute,  \vho 
procured  him  a  pcn.-^ion  of  £300,  and  the  sinecure  office  of 
Conservator  of  the  Scotch  Privileges  at  Campvere,  in  Zea- 
land, which  doubled  this  income.  Home  had  some  early 
military  cxjierieuce  as  a  volunteer  against  the  Pretender  iu 
1745,  and  in  1788  he  received  a  captain's  commission,  which 
he  held  until  the  peace,  in  the  Duke  of  Buccleugh's  regiment 
of  militia, — the  Fencililes.  In  March,  1757.  against  the 
judgment  of  Garrick,  Douglas  was  produced  at  Covent- 
Garden,  and  soon  attained  that  popularity  which  it  has 
since  enjoyed.  The  bitter  part  of  the  author's  life  was 
passed  at  East  Lothian  and  in  the  city  ot"  Edinburgh, 
where  he  played  the  hospitable  landlord  until  his  death 
in  ISOS,  at  the  advanced  age  of  86.  He  was  the  author 
of  five  Tragedies,  in  addition  to  Douglas,  (pub.,  Lon., 
1757.  Svo;)  viz.:  2.  Agis,  1758,  Svo;  3.  The  Siege  of 
Aquileia.  1760,  Svo;  4.  The  Fatal  Discovery,  1769,  Svo; 
5.  AIouKo.  1773,  Svo;  6.  Alfred,  1778,  Svo.  Home's 
Dramatic  Works  were  pub.  in  1760,  12mo,  and  at  Edin., 
1798,  2  vols.  12mo.  These  plays  cannot  compare  with 
Douglas. 

"  Home's  other  tragedies  are  all  very  indifferent, — most  of  them 
quite  bad.  Ulr.  Mackenzie  should  not  have  disturbed  their  slum- 
bers."—JoUN  Wilson  :  Noctes  Ambi-osiantEy  April)  1823. 


IIOM 

*'  Tt  may,  perbaps,  seem  strangle  that  the  autbnr,  in  his  preced- 
Inti;  tia^Tftiy  of  Ajiis.  aud  in  his  subsequeut  (liiiiuiitii:  elluits.  so  far 
from  attaining;  similar  excL-lluiice,  iievei*  even  approachu'd  to  the 
Biii-tePS  of  Douj^las;  yet  {innd  reasons  can  l)u  assi;j;ned  for  his 
failure,  wilh'ut  iuiputjnir  if,  during  his  best  years  at  least,  to  a 
decay  of  (leiiins."— ^fin  Waltrr  Scott:  /./A'  and  \Vorl.s  of  Jn/m 
Home,  Lnn.  Qiuir.  h'eo..  June,  1827  :  and  in  Scolt's  Prose  Works,  q.v. 
This  arLiile  is  a  review  uf  the  Works  of  John  Hoine^  Esq., 
now  first  cullected,  to  which  is  prelixed  an  account  of  his 
Life  and  WriLin;^^,  by  Henry  Mackcnxie,  Edin.,  1822,  3 
V(ds.  Svo.  Tu  tliis  work  we  refer  the  reader  for  furlher 
particulars  connected  with  the  bio^napliy  and  literary 
labours  of  our  author.  See  also  Nueles  Auihrosianic, 
April.  1822. 

Home  also  pub.  the  History  of  the  Rebellion  in  1745, 
4to,  1SU2,  which  we  shall  notice  hereafter.  The  merits  of 
Douglas,  notwithstanding  the  assertion  of  Dr.  Johnson 
"thiit  there  were  not  ten  goud  lines  in  the  whole  play," 
have  been  repeatedly  acknuwledj,'ed  by  the  must  compe- 
tent critics.  That  this  laudation  has  been  sometimes  car- 
ried to  a  ridiculous  excess  can  hardly  be  ([uestioned  ;  as, 
for  instance,  iu  the  eulogy  of  David  Hume,  the  historian, 
who,  in  his  Four  Dissertations  addressed  to  Home,  com- 
pliments him  as  the  possessor  of 

"The  tine  theatric  trenius  of  Sbakspeare  and  Otway;  refined 
from  the  uuhappy  barbarism  of  the  one  and  licentiousness  of  the 
other." 

Here  doubtless  the  Scotsman  speaks  as  well  as  the  critic, 
and  patriotic  enthusiasm  must  not  surprise  us  when  warmed 
with  a  theme  so  congenial  and  so  flattering: 

'*The  >;;eTiiusuf  Uouie  was  national;  and  so.  too.  was  the  subject 
of  his  justly  fauious  Tragedy  of  I»ou;il;vs.  He  had  studied  the  old 
Ba,llads;  their  slmplic-ities  were  sweet  to  bhn  as  wall-llowers  nu 
ruins.  On  the  story  of  Gill  Morice,  who  was  an  Earl's  son,  be 
founded  the  Tra;;edy  which  surely  no  Scottish  eyes  ever  witnessed 
without  tears."'— John  W  ilson  :  liecreations  of  Ckridopher  North  : 
An  Hour's  Talk  about  Porfrt/. 

"  1  think  nobody  can  bestow  too  much  praise  on  Douglas.  There 
has  been  no  I'inplish  tra;;Hdy  worthy  of  the  name  since  it  ap- 
peared."— Ibid.:  Nodes  Amhr<>miii(r,  Ajyrii,  1822. 

Whilst  this  perhaps  appears  somewhat  extravagant,  yet 
one  of  the  best  parts  of  tliis  play  is  commended  by  two 
eminent  modern  critics  in  terms  quite  as  eulogistic: 

"We  a;j:i-ee  with  Mr.  Mackenzie,  that  the  chief  scene  between 
Lady  Randolph  and  Old  Nerval,  in  which  the  preseivatiori  and 
existence  of  Douglas  is  di.'^eovered.  has  no  equal  in  modern,  and 
scarcely  a  superior  in  the  ancient,  drama.  It  is  certainly  one  of 
the  most  eftective  which  the  Kn^dish  stage  has  to  boast;  and  we 
learn  with  pleasure,  but  without  surprise,  that,  though  many  other 
parts  of  the  play  were  altered  beliire  its  representation,  we  have 
this  niastei-picce  exactly  as  it  was  thrown  otT  in  the  oiigiiial  sketch. 
'  Thus  it  is,"  says  the  acctimplished  editor.  •  that  the  tervid  creation 
of  genius  aud  fancy  strikes  out  what  is  su  excellent  as  well  as 
Tivid  as  not  tn  admit  of  amendment,  and  which,  indeed-  correc- 
tion would  spoil  instead  of  improving.'  This  is  the  tiue  inspira- 
tion of  the  pOL-t.  which  gives  to  criticism,  instead  of  borrowing 
from  it.  its  model  and  rule,  and  which,  it  is  possible,  in  some  diffi- 
dent authors,  the  terrors  of  critics  may  have  weakened  or  extin- 
guished. 

*■  The  memory  of  Mr.  Home,  as  an  author,  depends,  in  Kngland, 
almost  entirely  upon  the  tragedy  of  Douglas,  which  not  only  re- 
tains the  most  indisput.able  possession  of  the  stage,  but  pmduces 
a  stronger  etfect  on  the  tcelings  of  the  audience,  when  the  parts  of 
Douglas  and  bady  Randolph  are  well  tilled,  than  almost  auy  tra- 
gedy since  the  davs  of  Otway.  .  .  .  The  language  of  the  piece  is 
beautiful.  '  Mrs.Siddons  told  me,'  says  the  editor,  [Mr.  MacUt-nzie.] 
'that  she  never  found  any  study' (which,  in  the  technictl  htngu.ige 
of  the  stage,  means  the  gi-tting  verses  by  heart)  -so  easy  as  that 
of  Douglas,  which  is  one  of  the  best  criterions  of  excellence  iu  the 
dramatic  style."' — Siu  "Walter  Scott:  Life  and  Works  of  John 
Hnnu%  ubi  supra. 

Home's  History  of  the  Rebellion  in  1745 — to  which  we 
promised  to  return — gave  great  dissatisfaction,  not  only 
as  regarded  its  literary  character,  but  in  its  deficiency  in 
historical  accuracy: 

"t^iuce  Mr.  Home  did  assume  the  pen  on  the  subject  of  the 
Forty-tive.  no  consideration  whatever  ought  to  have  made  him 
depart  from  the  truth,  or  shrink  from  exposing  the  cruelties 
practised,  as  Mr.  Mackenzie  delicately  ex  im-.'-SL-.s  it,  b,v  some  sul>- 
ordinate  olttcers.  or  from  execrating  the  imp'ilitic  and  ungenerous 
use  of  the  victory  of  Culloden  in  whicli  tin-  Duke  of  Cumberland 
■was  somiwhat  implicated.  Mr.  Home  ou:j,ht  either  nevei-  to  have 
written  his  history,  or  to  have  written  it  without  clogging  him- 
Belf  with  the  dedication  to  the  sovereign.  .  .  .  The  dixipiKiiniL-d 
publif  of  Scotland,  to  which  the  history  .should  have  bci-n  most 
intert-stiiig  was  .lamorous  in  its  disapprobation.  They  complained 
of  .^upprf-sscd  iiifMrmation  aud  servile  corrections.  .  .  .  The  history 
i.s.  neverllieless.  so  far  as  it  goes,  a  tair  .ind  candid  one  for  the 
writer.  tbou':h,  by  the  manner  in  which  he  bad  lettered  him.self, 
he  was  debarred  from  speaking  the  whole  ti  nth.  yet  was  incapable 
of  speaking  any  thing  but  the  truth."— t^iR  Walter  Scott:    uhi 

SUp1''l. 

"Any  account  of  that  brilliant  episrnje  in  our  history  must 
needs  lie  full  of  interest,  and  Home,  being  concerned  so  far  him- 
sidt;  has  preserved  a  number  of  picturesque  enough  anecdotes; 
but,  on  the  whole,  the  book  wants  vigour,  and  it  is  full  of  quiz- 
zibles.  What  can  be  more  absurd  than  his  giving  us  more  pages 
about  the  escape  of  two  or  three  Whig  students  of  Divinity  from 
the  Castle  of  Doune  than  ha  spends  upon  uU  the  wild  wanderings 


HON 


of  the  unfortunate  Chevalier?"— JoHX  Wilson:    Nnctes  Ainhro- 
si'a/'fP.  Aitril,  \S-2. 

Yet  Home's  History  must  by  no  me:iiis  lie  ueglectea  by 
the  histovieal  stiidciit: 

"The  work  of  Home  was  not  entirely  such  as  we  miiiht  have 
expected  from  one  who  was  nut  only  an  actor  in  the  scene,  Imt 
tile  author  of  a  tragedy  like  ncm-las.  elegant  euouiih  to  have 
iilcascd  on  the  Fiench  stage,  and  yet  affectlni;  enouL'h  to  succeei 
on  ours.  The  History  of  the  Hebellion  was  a  work  which  had 
heen  Dieditafed  so  long,  that  it  was  delivered  to  the  world  too 
late, — when  the  writer  was  no  longer  what  he  once  was.  Hut  I 
recommend  it  to  your  perusal,  hecause  it  has  all  the  ninrks  of 
authenticity. — possesses.  I  think,  more  merit  than  i.s  generally 
sn|iposed.— treats  ofa  very  remarkahle  event  in  our  hi.'torc,— and 
is.  after  all,  entertaiuing.  and  not  lung."— i"n/.  i'mjWi's  Lecls.  on 
Mh<L  Hint. 

In  addition  to  nutliorilics  above  eited,  see  Biotr.  Dramat. ; 
Bnsueirs  Lite  of  Juhn.^on  ;   Stewart's  Life  of  Robertson. 

Home,  John.     The  Unfortunate  Engli.^hmcn  ;  or,  A 
Narrative  of  .I"lin  Coekhnrn.  &c.,  Leilh.  1817.  Svo. 
Home,  llolx-it.     SurKieal  con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  !7.5S. 
Home,   llobcrt.      Etlieacy  of   Solvents,  &c.,  I.on., 
17s::,  Svo. 

Homer,  Rev.  Henry,  17.')2-1791,  an  eminent  clas- 
sical scholar,  educated  at  and  Fellow  of  Emanuel  College, 
Cambvidgie,  pub.  an  Essay  nii'ui  the  Inclosure  of  Common 
Fields,  Lon.,  UBIi,  Svo  ;  an  Inquiry  rel.  to  Public  Koads, 
0.\l'.,  I7ti7,  Svo  ;  and  edited  several  Latin  authors,  the 
best-known  of  which  is  the  Entire  Works  of  Horace,  Lon., 
1792.  2  vols.  4to, — the  joint  production  of  iMr.  Homer  and 
Dr.  Combe;  pub.  at  £0  ««.  This  beaulil'Ml  work  has  been 
already  noticed:  see  Combe,  Chaulks.  M.D.  ;  Uibdin's 
Greek  and  Latin  Classics;  Chalmers's  Biog.  Diet.;  Lon. 
(jent.  Mag.,  vols.  Ix.xvi.,  l.\xx. ;  Brit.  Critic,  vol.  iii. ;  Dr. 
P:irr's  Keuiarks  on  the  Statement  of  Dr.  Charles  Combe, 
17'.I5,  Svo. 

Tlie  text  of  Combe  and  Ilomcs's  ed.  of  Horace  is  formed 
on  the  basis  of  Ge>ner's  cd.,  and  the  work  is  enriched  by  a 
cidlalion  of  the  edi'lto  priiiceps  in  the  Royal  Library,  and 
seven  Harlci;in  MSS.  The  notes  are  taken  principally 
from  Crutiuius,  Lamliinus,  Torrentins,  Sanadon,  Bciilley, 
Cunningham.  Ba.>cter,  Gesncr,  Klotzius,  Janus,  WaddcUis, 
Wakefield,  Ac.  As  regards  the  jilii/slcjiie  of  the  work,  it 
is  to  be  commended  for  the  brightness  of  the  paper,  the 
amplitude  of  the  margin,  and  the  beauty  of  the  tyjie. 

Homer,  Kcv.  Philip  Bniecbrigc.     Aniliologia; 
or,  A  Cidleetion  cd' Flowers,  in  blank  verse.  Lon.,  17S'J,  4to. 
Homer,  Wm.,  perhaps  lictitions.     Old  Englishman's 
Letters  for  the  Poor  of  Old  England,  Lon.,  17o8,  Svo. 

Homes,  or  Holmes,  Nathaniel,  D.D.,  a  Fifth- 
Jloourcby  divine,  ejcrled  Iroin  tlie  living  of  St.  Mary 
Staining.  Lnndon,  for  Non-conformity.  llil)2,  d.  10,(1,  imb. 
a  number  of  theological  works,  of  which  the  best  known 
is  The  Resurrection  Revealed,  Lon.,  Hial,  fol.  This  bears 
the  imprimatur  of  Joseph  Caryl,  and  a  commendatory 
Preface  by  Peter  Sterry.  In  11J61,  fol..  Holmes  pub.  Ten 
E.scereitaiions  in  Vindication  of  the  Resurrection  Re- 
vealed. A  new  ed.  uf  these  vols.,  compressed  into  one, 
with  the  repetitious  and  extraneous  matter  omitted,  edited 
by  the  Rev.  J.  W.  Brooks,  was  pub.  in  18;).'!,  Svo.  Tbomas 
Hall  pub.  a  Confutation  of  the  Millenarian  Opinimi,  in 
reply  to  Br.  ILdmes,  in  I0.'>7,  12rao.  Sixteen  of  Holmes's 
theolog.  treatises  were  pnli.  in  a  fol.  vol.  in  16.i2.  and  the 
same,  with  a  new  title,  in  lliG'J.  See  Athen.  Oxon.  lor  an 
account  of  this  author  and  his  works.  Holmes's  work  on 
the  Resurrection  is  by  no  means  to  be  neglected  by  the 
Biblical  student.  We  have  seen  that  he  advocates  the 
doctrine  of  an  earthly  millennium. 

"This  is  tar  from  being  a  contemptible  book,  thouL'h  the  author 
ranked  among  the  visionaries  of  bis  time.  .  .  .  The  learning  of 
the  author  was  evidently  extensive,  and  his  knowlca,.;e  of  the 
Scriptures,  particularly  of  the  prophecies,  very  considerahle.  A 
great  deal  of  discussiun  respecting  the  meaning  of  many  ditlicnlt 
passiiges  occurs  in  the  liook.  which  will  snmetinu-s.  perhaps, 
aniuse,  but  niJiy  very  often  instruct,  the  reader.  He  is  lar  from 
being  so  carnal  in  his  views  as  his  leading  seutinient  would  pre- 
pare  us  to  expocf." — Orme's  BitjI.  Bill. 

-The  manner  of  handling  this  suliject  in  this  book  appears  to 
be  with  piety,  judgment,  and  variety:  it  is,  in  one,  a  well-grown 
orchard  and  a  nursery  of  truths." — Peter  Sterby. 

'■  I  conceive  that  the  church  of  God  hath  not  hitherto  seen  this 
great  point  so  clearly  stated,  .so  largely  discussed,  so  stroogly  con- 
firmed, not  only  by  the  testimony  of  ancient  and  modern  wiitei'S 
of  all  sorts,  but  by" the  Itnly  .Scriptures  througbnut,  as  is  jiresented 
in  this  hook." — .lostPH  Caryl  :  Author  n/thc  Expfis.  tm  Job. 

Homes,  Wm.,  16ii:!-174(>,  minister  of  Martha's  'Vine- 
yard, Mass.,  a  native  of  Ireland,  luib.  four  serms.,  1732, 
'47,  Ac.     See  Allen's  Amer.  Biog.  Diet. 

Honan,  31.  B.  1.  Court  and  Camp  of  Don  Carlos;  a 
Tour,  Lon.,  p.  Svo. 

"  Mr.  Ilonan's  able  and  well-informed  work." — BJad^w.  Mag.j 
xli.  o7tJ;  q.v. 

873 


HON 


IIOO 


2.  Personal  Adventures  of  our  Own  Correspondent  in  [ 
Italy,  1852,  2  vols.  p.  Svo. 

Uotie,  Rev.  J.  F,  Comments  on  the  Epistles,  Oxf., 
1849,  fp.  Svu. 

Hone,  Kichard,  Archdeacon  and  Hon.  Canon  of 
"Worcester,  aud  vicar  of  Hales-Owen,  Shropshire.  Lives 
of  Eminent  Christians,  Lon.,  1834-43,  4  vols.  fp.  Svo. 

Houe,  William,  d.  1S42,  aged  63,  a  native  of  Bath, 
for  many  years  a  publisher  and  buokseller  in  London,  aud 
latterly  an  Independent  minister  at  Weigh-house  Chapel, 
Eastcheap,  pub.  some  profane  parodies.  The  Apocryphal 
New  Testament,  and  a  numlier  of  other  works,  of  which 
the  Every-Day  Book,  182(3,  The  Table-Book,  1827-28,  and 
The  Year-Book,  1829,  are  tho  best  known.  His  Apocry- 
phal New  Testament  (for  an  account  of  which,  see  Homo's 
Introduction  to  the  Study  of  the  Scriptures,  and  the  Lon. 
Quar.  Kev.,  vols.  xxv.  and  xxx.)  was  pub.  in  1820,  Svo; 
2d  ed.,  1821,  Svo;  his  Ancient  Mysteries,  in  1823,  Svo  ;  and 
his  own  account  of  his  Early  Life  and  Conversion,  in  1841, 
Svo.  Of  his  political  pieces,  which  were  numerous,  tho 
Batire  entitled  The  Political  Iluuse  that  Jack  Built  was 
the  most  popular,  and  went  through  no  less  than  fifty  edits. 
He  also  edited  an  edit,  of  Strutt's  Sports  and  Pastimes. 
See  an  account  of  his  life  and  literary  labours  in  Lou. 
Gent.  Mag.,  January,  1843.  The  Every-Day  Book,  The 
Table-Book,  and  The  Year-Book,  of  which  there  have 
been  several  edit^., — the  last  in  1857,  4  vols.  Svo,  730 
wood-cuts, — cannot  be  too  highly  commended.  Sir  Walter 
Scott,  Lamb, — who  contributed  some  of  the  contents, — 
Southey,  and  John  Wilson,  Horace  Smith  and  others,  all 
unite  in  their  praise: 

*'  Reader,  did  you  ever  see  Hone's  Every-Day  Book  ?  Tou  can- 
not do  better  than  tuy  it  directly. . .  .  You  will  meet  with  .  .  . 
spirit-stirring  descriptious  of  old  customs,  dellf^htful  wood-cuts  of 
old  buildinijs.  as  well  as  many  a  fine  secret  learned  among  the 
■woods  aud  fiL-lds,  and  whispered  by  the  '  seasons'  difference.'  .  .  .  lie 
has  deserved  well  of  the  naturalist,  the  antiquarian,  aud  the  poet, 
by  his  Kvery-D.iy  and  also  by  his  TableBook.'* — Christopher 
North;  BlackwooiPs  Mag.,  xxvii.  259. 

"  lij-tbe-by,  I  have  bought  Hone's  Every-Day  Book  and  his 
Table-Book,  and  am  sorry  I  had  not  seen  them  belure  my  colloquies 
were  printed,  that  1  might  have  given  hiui  a  good  word  there.  I 
have  not  seen  any  miscellaneous  books  that  are  so  well  worth 
having;  brimful  of  curious  matter,  and  with  an  almndance  of  the 
very  best  wood-cuts." — Roeeut  Southev:  Letter  to  Hcary  Taylor: 
Southcy's  Life  and  Oorrc^p. 

Mr.  Southey  remarks,  on  another  occasion  : 
"  I  may  take  the  opportunity  of  recommending  the  Every-Day 
Book  and  Table-Book  to  those  who  are  interested  in  the  preserva- 
tion of  our  national  and  local  customs:  by  these  very  curious  pul> 
licatioDs  their  compiler  has  rendered  good  service  in  an  imimrtaut 
department  of  literature." 

"  These  Every-Day  and  Table-Books  will  be  a  treasure  a  hundred 
years  hence ;  but  they  have  failed  to  make  Hone's  fortune. . . . 
"  I  like  you  and  your  book,  ingenious  Hone, 
In  whose  capacious,  all-embracing  leaves 
The  very  marrow  of  tradition's  shown, 
And  ail  that  History— much  that  Fiction — weaves. 
*'  By  every  sort  of  taste  your  work  is  graced ; 
Vast  stores  of  modern  anecdote  we  find, 
"With  good  old  story  quaintly  interlaced  : — 
The  theme  as  various  as  the  reader's  mind. 

"Dan  Phfebus  loves  your  book:  trust  me,  friend  Hone; 
The  title  only  errs,  he  bids  me  say ; 
For,  while  such  art,  wit,  reading,  there  are  shown, 
He  swears,  'tis  not  a  work  of  every  dayJ" 

Charles  Lamd. 

Honeywood,  St.  John,  1765-179S,  a  native  of  Lei- 
cester, Mass.,  educated  at  Yale  College,  removed  to  Sche- 
nectady, New  York,  in  1785,  aud  taught  school  there  for 
two  years.  In  1787  he  commeuced  the  study  of  the  law, 
in  Albany,  and,  on  being  admitted  to  the  bar,  removed  to 
Salem,  in  the  same  State,  where  he  remained  until  his 
death.  A  vol.  of  his  writings — chiefly  political  poems — 
was  pub.  in  New  York,  in  ISOl,  under  the  editorial  super- 
vision of  the  gentleman  who  married  his  widow.  Speci- 
mens of  his  compositions,  which  are  thought  to  possess 
some  merit,  will  be  found  in  Griswold's  Poets  and  Poetry 
of  America,  and  in  Duyokincks'  Cyc.  of  Amer.  Lit. 

Ilonibalt,  Thomas.     Time  Calendar,  1815,  4to. 

Ilonymaii,  Andrew,  Bishop  of  Orkney.  1.  Survey 
of  the  Libel  nf  Naphtali.  Edio..  lOOS.  2  Pts.  4to.  2.  Bou- 
rignonism  Displayed.  Alicrd.,  1710.  Svo.     Anon. 

Hollywood,  Sir  Robert,  Knt.  Trans,  of  Nauni's 
Hist,  of  the  Affairs  of  Europe,  Lon.,  1673,  fol. 

Hood,  A'iscouiitess.  Sketches  of  Scripture  Female 
Character.  Oxf.,  1854,  fp.  8vo. 

Hood,  Catherine.     Poems,  Lon.,  ISOl,  12mo. 

Hood,  Charles.      Praclii-al    Treatise    on  M'arming, 
Ventihition.  &c.,  Lou.,  1837,  Svoj  2d  ed.,  1844,  Svo;  3d 
ed.,  1855,  Svo. 
874 


Hood,  Edwin  Paxton,  has  pub.  a  number  of  works 
wiclrin  the  last  few  years,  of  which  the  last — ^just  issued — 
is  entitled  AVilliam  Wordsworth;  a  Biography,  Lon.,  1855. 
See  Lon.  Atheuceum,  Aug.  30,  1856,  p.  1085. 

Hood,  George.  Hist,  of  Music  in  New  England, 
Bost.,  1846,  ISmo.  A  work  of  value,  containing  specimens 
of  the  writers  noticed. 

Hood,  John,  1720-1783,  a  land-surveyor,  a  native  of 
Moylc.  county  Donegal,  Ireland,  author  of  a  Treatise  on 
Land-Surveying,  with  Tables  of  Difference  of  Latitude 
and  Departure,  A'c,  Dubl.,  1772;  also  inventor  of  a  sur- 
veying instrument  called  Hood's  Compass  Theodolite, 
which  is  the  basis  of  the  instrument  still  in  use  in  Europe 
and  America.  Before  the  announcement  of  the  discovery 
of  Hadley's  Quadrant,  he  had  formed  a  modern  instrument 
on  the  principle  of  Hadley's,  but  delayed  presenting  it  to 
the  public  until  anticipated  by  the  latter. 

Hood,  Nathaniel,  Lt,,  R.A.  1.  Elements  of  War, 
Lon.,  1SU3,  12mo.  2.  The  New  Military  Finance,  1804, 
12mo. 

Hood,  Peter,  Surgeon.  Observations  on  Diseases 
most  fatal  to  Children,  Lon.,  1845,  p.  8vo. 

•■  We  b*;lieve  that  all  classes  of  the  profession  may  refer  to  this 
work  with  nearly  equal  advantage." — ion.  Medical  Gazelle. 

''This  work  is  a  purely  practical  one,  aud  the  whole  of  it  is  & 
valuable  contribution  to  our  knowledge."— £</(«.  Medical  Gazeite. 

Hood,  Robert.  1.  Scrm.,  1781,  Svo.  2.  14  Serms., 
New  Castle,  1782,  8vo ;  Lon.,  1783,  Svo. 

'■  Plain,  sensible,  pious,  aud  practical." — Lon.  Month.  Hev. 

Hood,  Samuel.     Analytic  Physiology,  Lon.,  Svo. 

Hood,  Samuel,  a  grandson  of  John  Hood,  (ante,) 
and  also  a  native  of  Moyle,  county  Donegal,  Ireland,  emi- 
grated to  Philadelphia  in  1826,  and  became  a  member  of 
the  bar  of  that  city.  1.  A  Practical  Treatise  on  the  Law 
of  Decedents  in  Pennsylvania.  Phila.,  1847,  Svo,  pp.  596. 

"The  work  is  prepared  with  great  care  and  ability.  No  Penn- 
sylvania lawyer  should  neglect  to  purchase  it:  it  contains  a  mass 
of  useful  knowledge  to  be  attained  nowhere  else.'' — Jui>GE  Euja 
Lewis,  Assodate-Justice  of  t/ic  S/ipreine  Court  of  Penna. 

2.  A  Brief  Account  of  the  Society  of  the  Eriendly  Sons 
of  St.  Patrick ;  prepared  for  the  Hibernian  Society  of  Phila., 
1844,  Svo.  Mr.  Hood  has  contributed  a  number  of  papers 
to  the  American  Quarterly  Review  and  other  periodicals. 

Hood,  Thomas,  pub.  a  number  of  works  on  the  Us© 
of  the  Globes,  Astronomy,  Geometry,  Navigation,  Arith- 
metic, and  Mathemat.  Instruments,  Lon.,  15yU-98. 

Hood,  Thomas,  1798-1845,  the  famous  humourist, 
has  given  so  graphic  a  portrait  of  himself  in  his  Literary 
Ileminisccnces,  pub.  in  Hood's  Own,  that  it  would  be  a 
dangerous  attempt  to  take  the  pencil  out  of  his  hands. 
Suffice  it  to  say  that  he  was  born  in  London,  and  a  son  of 
the  well-known  publisher  of  the  firm  of  Vernor  it  Hood, 
was  early  placed  "upon  lofty  stool  at  lofty  desk"  in  a 
merchant's  counting-house,  subsequently  became  an  ap- 
prentice at  the  engraving  business,  and  finally  adopted 
the  anxious  life  and  depended  upon  the  uncertain  gains 
of  a  London  man-of-letters  at  large.  In  1821  he  became 
sub-editor  of  the  London  Magazine,  was  subsequently  a 
contributor  to  Punch,  editor  of  the  New  Monthly  Maga- 
zine, and  for  one  year  editor  of  The  Gem. 

1.  Odes  and  Addresses  to  Great  People,  12mo.  Written 
in  conjunction  with  his  brother-in-law,  Mr.  J. H.Reynolds. 
2.  Whims  and  Oddities,  12mo.  New  cd.,  1854,  12mo. 
This  was  very  popular.     3.  National  Tales,  2  vols.  p.  Svo. 

"Suf.pherd:  -  ^Vhat  fordid  ye  no  send  me  out  to  Altrive  Uood's 
National  Tales?  Yon  Whims  aud  Oddities  of  his  were  maist  in- 
genious aud  divertin'.  Are  the  National  Tales  gude?'  North: 
'  Some  of  them  are  excellent,  and  few  are  without  the  impi-ess  of 
ori^'inality."' — jVoctes  Amb7-osian(E,  April,  1827. 

Dr.  Mackenzie's  comment  on  the  above  is : 

"Uood's  National  Tales  were  such  as  many  men  with  inferior 
ability  mitjht  readily  have  written."— £W.  J^'octcs  AmbrosiaiuB,  JV. 
York.  1S55,  ii.  3G3. 

The  public  were  of  this  mind,  for  certainly  the  Tales 
were  never  popular.  Hood  was  not  in  his  vein.  4.  The 
Plea  of  tho  Midsummer  Fairies  j  and  other  Poems,  1828, 
p.  Svo.  The  first-named  of  these  is  the  longest  of  Hood's 
poems.     5.  The  Comic  Annual,  pub.  1830-42. 

'■  For  the  thirteenth  time  the  master-spirit  of  modern  whim  and 
drollery  offereth  his  hand  to  the  public;  and  never  surelv  did 
Frolic  proffer  a  merry  frreetiug  to  his  million  friends  better  timed." 
— Lon.  Atheiicvum  ;  Aotic^  ff  the  Comic  Annnal  for  1S42, 

''Hood's  Comic  Annual  contains  more  wit,  more  fun  and  hu- 
mour, than  any  work  that  has  been  published  for  many  a  long 
day." — Lon.  Post. 

Some  of  tho  articles  in  the  Comic  Annuals  were  subse- 
quently reproduced,  and  pub.  with  the  additional  new 
matter,  as  Hood's  Own,  6.  Hood's  Own  Complete,  1839,  Svo. 
New  cd.,  1846,  Svo.  7.  Tylney  Hall;  a  Novel.  1834,  3 
Vols.  New  eds.  in  1840  and  '49.  Neither  this  novel, 
nor  the  incomplete  tale  entitled  Our  Family,  added  any 


IIOO 


HOO 


thing  to  Hood's  literary  reputation.  8.  Up  the  Rhine  ;  2d 
cd.,  1840.  cr.  Svo.  This  is  a  satire  on  the  manners  of 
English  travellers.  9.  Whimsicalities:  a  Periodical  Ga- 
thering, 1844,  fp.  Svo,  This  collection  contains  many 
articles  originally  pub.  in  the  New  Monthly  Magazine. 

"In  this  work  are  some  of  Mr.  Hood's  best  efforts;  things  that 
will  make  the  thoujrhtful  wiser,  and  the  unthinking  merrier." 

10.  Hood's  Comic  Album,  in  Prose  and  Verse,1844,12mo. 
11.  The  Dream  of  Eugene  Aram.  New  ed.,  1845,  12mo. 
This  graphic  poem — perhaps,  next  to  the  Song  of  the  Shirt, 
the  most  popular  of  Hood's  productions — originally  ap- 
peared in  the  Gem  fur  1829.  12.  Puems;  2d  ed.,  lS4t>,  fp. 
8vo;  18ol.  12mo:  jth  ed.,  1852,  12mo ;  1854,  12mo.  i;^.. 
Poems  of  Wit  and  Humour,  1S47, 12mo;  3ded.,  1S51, 12mo  ; 
1S54,  12mo.  The  Song  of  the  Shirt,  which  has  elicited 
countless  imitations,  and  has,  we  trust,  somewhat  amelio- 
rated the  condition  of  a  most  deserving  class  of  operatives, 
was  the  author's  latest  production  of  any  importance,  and 
originally  appeared  in  Punch  in  1844.  In  addition  to  the 
many  literary  labours  just  recorded,  we  must  not  forget  to 
notice  the  monthly  magazine  established  by  our  author, 
bearing  his  own  name, — Hood's  Comic  iNIiscellany.  About 
a  year  before  his  death,  a  pension  of  £101)  per  annum  was 
granted  by  Government  to  his  wife,  and  a  subscription  was 
raised  shortly  after  his  demise  fur  the  benefit  of  his  widow 
and  his  two  children.  A  collective  ed.  of  Hood's  Choice 
Works, — 1.  Prose  and  Verse;  2.  Up  the  Rhine:  3.  Whims 
and  Oddities  ;  4.  Poems ;  5.  Hood's  Own  ;  0.  Whimsicali- 
ties,-— in  4  vols.  12mo,  (also  in  0  vols.  12uio,)  was  pub.  in 
1S52,  in  New  York,  by  Messrs.  George  P.  Putnam  &  Co. 
In  1S55,  Messrs.  Phillips,  Sampson  &  Co.,  of  Bciston,  pub- 
lished a  volume  of  more  than  500  pages,  containing  *'  all 
of  Hood's  poems  contained  in  Moxon's  collections  of  the 
author's  sentimental  and  humorous  verses,  with  several 
additions  from  other  sources.  It  was  the  most  complete 
collection  that  had  been  made  at  the  time  of  its  appear- 
ance." 

This  collection  was  edited  by  Epes  Sargent;  and  in 
1856  the  same  gentleman  edited,  for  the  same  house, 
the  Humorous  Poems  of  Thomas  Hood ;  including  Love 
and  Lunacy,  Ballads,  Tales  and  Legends,  Odes  and  Ad- 
dresses to  Great  People,  and  Miscellaneous  Poems,  now 
first  collected.  This  vol.,  of  about  the  same  size  as  the 
first,  contains,  besides  other  matter,  many  of  Hood's  con- 
tributions to  the  Loudon  Magazine  and  the  New  Monthly 
Magazine  during  his  editorial  connexion  with  these  pe- 
riodicals. An  edit,  of  Hood's  Poetical  Works  has  also 
been  pub.  by  Messrs.  Little,  Brown,  and  Co.,  of  Boston, 
in  2  vols.  ISmo,  and  several  of  his  separate  publications 
have  been  reprinted  in  America.  On  the  same  day  that 
this  article  was  prepared  for  the  printer,  (in  Oct.  1850,) 
Messrs.  Little,  Brown  &  Co.  pub.  two  more  vols,  of  The 
Poetical  Works  of  Thomas  Hood,  making  in  all  4  vols,  of 
their  edit.     We  append  their  advertisement: 

"This  is  the  largest  collection  of  Uood's  Poems  yet  offered  to 
the  public,  either  iu  England  or  America."' 

We  have  but  small  space  for  quotations  of  opinions  in 
addition  to  those  already  cited  respecting  the  merits  of 
this  popular  author ;  but  those  who  desire  to  read  more 
about  the  serio-comic  Hood  shall  not  be  disappointed. 
Consult,  then.  Hood's  Literary  Reminiscences ;  Biography 
prefixed  to  Epes  Sargent's  Poetical  Works  of  Hood,  Bost., 
1855,  12mo;  Biography,  in  Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  July,  1845  ; 
Gilfillan's  Second  Gallery  of  Literary  Portraits ;  Allan 
Cunningham's  Biog.  and  Crit.  Hist,  of  the  Lit.  of  the  Last 
Fifty  Years ;  Moir's  Poet.  Lit.  of  the  Past  Half-Century ; 
Whipple's  Essays  and  Reviews,  and  his  Lectures;  Ediu. 
Rev.,  Ixxxiii.  375;  Westminster  Rev.,  xxxi.  119;  Lon. 
Month.  Rev.,  cxii.  431;  cxiv.  253;  Eclec.  Rev.,  4th  Ser., 
six.  285;  Blackw.  Mag.,  xxi.  45,  487;  xxiv.  676;  xxvii. 
633;  xli.  172;  Dubl.  Univ.  Mag.,  xxvii.  563;  Lon.  Athe- 
naeum ;  Lon.  Literary  Gazette ;  Amer.  Whig  Rev.,  by  F.  W. 
Shelton,  iii.  481 ;  Knickerbocker,  by  F.  W.  Shelton,  xxxvi. 
i:U  ;  Knickerbocker,  xxx.  349  ;  N.  York  Eclec.  Mag.,  viii. 
289;  X.  496;  Boston  Living  Age,  i.  198;  ii.  472;  v.  310; 
tL  46,  116;  xii.  540;  Phila.  Museum,  s.  298. 

"  Ills  Dream  of  Kugene  Aram  places  hiui  high  among  the  bards 
who  deal  in  dark  and  fearful  things  and  intuuate  rather  than  ex- 
press deeds  which  men  shudder  to  hear  namt-d.  Some  other  of 
his  poems  have  much  tenderness,  and  a  sense  of  nature,  animate 
and  inanimate." — Allan  Cunningham:  uhi  supnj. 

"  Hood's  verse,  whether  serious  or  comic, — whether  serene  like 
a  cloudless  autumn  evening,  or  sparkliug  with  puns  like  a  frosty  \ 
January  midnight  with  stars, — was  ever  preguant  with  materials  , 
for  thought.  .  .  .  Like  every  author  distinguished  for  true  comic 
humour,  there  w.is  a  deep  vein  of  melancholy  pathos   runnius;  I 
through  his  mirth:  and  even  when  his  sun  shone  hrightly.  its 
light  Seemed  oft^n  reflected   as  if  only  over  the  rim  of  a  cloud. 
Well  may  we  say,  in  tho  words  of  Tennyson,  *  Would  he  could  , 


have  stayed  with  us!'  for  never  could  it  he  more  truly  rerorded  of 
any  one — in  the  words  of  Hamlet  characterizing  Yorick — that 
'he  was  a  fallow  of  infinite  jest,  of  most  excellent  fancy.'" — D.  M. 
MoiR :  iihj  supra. 

Hood,  Thomas  Sutton.     A  Treatise  on  Gypsum 

as  a  manure.  &c.,  1SH5,  (nr  ls()S,)8vo. 

Hood,  W.  Chavlt's,  M.D.,  Resident  Physician  at 
Bethlehem  Hospital,  London.  Suggestinns  for  the  Future 
Provision  of  Criminal  Lunatics,  Lon.,  1854,  Svo. 

"  Dr.  Uood  has  written  an  interesting  book  upon  a  very  im- 
portant suhject.  The  statistical  details  which  it  presents  are 
drawn  up  with  great  care  and  industry."'— i>j«.  Meil.  Titnes  and 
Ga>'tle. 

Iloofuail,  John.  Practical  Improvements  touching 
Colours.  Lun.,  173S,  Svo. 

Hook,  .llajor.  His  Defence  against  Capt.  Campbell's 
Actinn,  1793.  Lnn.,  1793.  Svo. 

Hook,  Andrew,  M.D.  Prac.  of  Physic,  Lon.,  1734, 
8to. 

Hook,  James, 1746-1827,  a  native  of  Norwich,  organ- 
ist at  St.  George's  Chapel,  Windsor,  the  father  of  Dr. 
James  Hook  and  Theodnre  Edward  Hook,  was  the  author 
of  more  than  140  musical  productioms,  operas,  dramatic 
pieces,  Ac,  and  upwards  of  2000  songs. 

Hook,  Mrs.  James,  formerly  3Iiss  3Iadden,  wifo 
of  the  preceding,  was  the  author  of  The  Double  Disguise, 
a  Musical  Entertainment,  Lon.,  1784,  Svo. 

Hook,  James,  LL.D.,  1771-1828,  eldest  son  of  the 
two  preceding,  and  brother  to  Theodore  Edward  Hook, 
was  educated  at  St.  Mary  Hall,  Oxford;  became  Arch- 
deacon of  Huntingdon  in  1814,  Dean  of  Worcester  in 
1825,  and  held  some  other  preferments.  1.  Jack  of  New- 
bury; an  Opera,  1795.  2.  Diamond  Cut  Diamond;  a 
Musical  Entertainment,  1797.  Neither  of  these  were 
printed.  3.  Anguis  in  Herba;  a  true  Sketch  of  the  Ch. 
of  Eng.  and  her  Clergy,  Lon.,  1S02,  Svo.  See  Lon.  Gent. 
Mag.,  72,  ii.  636-642'.  4.  Serm.,  Ac.,  1S12,  Svo.  5.  A 
Charge,  1816,  4tn.  6.  Serm.,  ISIS.  See  L-m.  Gent.  Mag., 
79,  ii.  234.  7-  Pen  Owen;  a  Novel.  Edin.,  1S22.  8.  Percy 
Mallory ;  a  Novel,  1S23.  These  novels,  pub.  anonymously, 
are  not  without  merit.  A  biographical  sketch  of  Dr.  Hook 
will  be  found  in  Lou.  Gent.  Mag.,  April,  1828. 

Hook,  Sarah  Ann.  1.  The  Widowed  Bride,  or 
Celina;  a  Novel,  1S02,  3  vols.  12mo.  2.  Secret  Machina- 
tions; a  Novel,  1S04,  4  vols.  12mo. 

Hook,  Theodore  Edward,  17SS-1S11,  a  native  of 
London,  was  the  son  of  James  llook,  the  musical  com- 
poser, and  a  brother  of  Dr.  James  Hook,  Dean  of  Wor- 
cester, both  of  whom  have  already  come  under  our  notice. 
Theodore  was  sent  to  Harrow  to  be  educated,  and  had 
there  for  his  school-fellows  Sir  Robert  Peel  and  Lord 
Byron,  with  whom,  however,  he  does  not  seem  at  that 
time  to  have  formed  any  acquaintance.  He  had  already 
commenced  authorship ;  for  before  his  admission  to  Har- 
row, and  whilst  at  school  in  Cambridgeshire,  (being  thea 
thirteen  years  of  age,)  he  wrote  a  piece  for  the  stage.  The 
early  evidence  of  talent  was  accompanied  by  indications 
of  an  extraordinary  genius  for  music  and  great  facility 
in  the  composition  of  ballads;  and  his  father,  whose  pro- 
fession enabled  him  to  make  a  profitable  use  of  his  son's 
varied  pccomplishmeuts,  was  early  persuaded  to  let  him 
remain  at  home  as  a  junior  partner  in  his  business.  la 
1805,  Theodore  made  his  tlthnt  as  a  dramatic  author  in 
the  Comic  Opera  of  The  Soldier's  Return,  and  his  success 
was  complete.  This  triumph  was  succeeded  by  one  still 
more  decided,  if  possible,  in  the  next  year,  when  Listou 
and  Mathews  both  figured,  to  the  unbounded  delight  of 
the  public,  in  the  boy-author's  musical  farce  of  Catch 
Him  who  Can.  Young  Theodore,  now  the  favourite  of 
tho  town  and  the  darling  of  the  Green  Room,  was  in  that 
dangerous  position  which  had  been  foreseen  by  his  brother, 
the  worthy  clergyman,  who  a  short  time  previously  had 
almost  by  force  carried  him  to  Oxford,  had  him  entered  as 
a  student,  and  in  vain  looked  for  his  arrival  when  the 
period  had  arrived  fur  tlie  cummencement  of  bis  collegiate 
course.  For  a  graphic  account  of  this  portion  of  Houk's 
life,  and  his  subsequent  experience,  we  must  refer  the 
reader  to  his  autobiographical  novel  of  Gilbert  Gurncy ; 
the  Rev.  Mr.  Barham's  Life  and  Remains  of  Theodore 
Hook,  IS19,  2  vols.  p.  Svo;  5th  ed.,  1S53,  fp.  Svo;  to  J.  G. 
Lockhart's  article — "'  Theodore  Hook" — in  Lon.Quar.Rev., 
Ixxii.  53-108,  reprinted  separately  in  Murray's  Reading 
for  the  Rail,  3d  ed.,  1852,  fp.  Svo;  and  to  the  authorities 
cited  below.  And  now  we  behold  Theodore  fairly  launched 
upon  the  great  sea  of  London  life  in  the  various  capacities 
of  author,  musician,  singer,  man  of  fashion,  and  inex- 
haustible inventor  of  practical  jukes.  Of  the  last,  it  may 
bo  sufficient  to  glance  at  that  of  the  extempore  surveyors, 

b75 


IIOO 

and  the  famous  Berners-Street  Hoax  in  1809  But  it  wa<! 
as  an  improvisatore  that  II„ok  shone  in  all  his  glory 
and  wahout  fear  of  a  rival.  Mrs.  Mathews  has  so  gr^^.nh^: 
cally  described  his  marvellous  p.nvers  in  this  line  th^if 
>yeeann„tdo  better  than  transcribe  her  aeeount  of'a  re- 
markable seene  whieh   took   plaee  on   the  ooeasion  of  a 

nri eT'r  fr'',"  ,?■  "'\^''"'-^  !'»"'=  Con.pany  to  their  pro- 
puetur  the  brilliant  but  improvident  Sheridan  • 
!„  *  'he  eourse  of  it  many  persons  sung,  and  Mr  Hook  bein" 
in  turn  sola-ited,  displayed  to  the  deli,ht  and  sur  rise  of  .;il  p"" 
sent  his  wondrous  talent  in  e.xtemporaneous  singiU  Tl  "com- 
pany was  numerous,  and  f-enerallv  strangers  to  Mr  IIoo  •  l?u" 
without  a  moment's  premeditation,  he  compo.sed  aveise'u,  'n 
^hetrnrv,'"  "■"T''.''"" '"'"'•'  -"o^'  P»in.edwit.and  w  Ih 
hfi  ,.»ni  n  '^"^',-  "".'"'•^"alinKly  Katheriug  into  his  subject,  as 
dinne?  if  P'^eedediu  addition  to  what  had  passed  during  ttie 
dinnei,  every  trivial  incident  of  the  moment.  Every  acti.m  was 
turned  to  .account;  every  chcuuistance-the  look,  the*^  ges  me  o 
e?eV  hfs'"""?"  "'  ""'^'■'■'-'^'"■'■'^'i  »^  occasion  fo,'-  more  wt  and 
of  thJ  l?/v'='°''"°!i";-'"'?  "f  ""=  """''='  "'"5  ™"<li'i»n  of  many 
ot  tile  paity  seemed  to  give  greater  facility  to  his  brilli.ant  hits 
than  even  acquaintance  with  them  might  have  furnished  Mr 
Sheridan  was  astonished  at  his  extraordinary  faculty  and  de^ 
clared  tha  he  could  not  have  iuiagined  such  power  posiblehid 
he  not  witnessed  it.     No  description,  he  said,  could  h.,ye  con 

hi  .h  .  IT  °\  1°  •""■;'',':"'  ""  '""'""'<=  »f  g™i"s:  and  he  protested 
he  should  not  haye  believed  it  to  be  an  unstudied  effort,  had  he 
not  seen  proof  that  no  anticipation  could  have  been  formed  of 
what  might  arise  to  furnish  matter  and  opportunities  for  the  ex- 
ercise of  this  rare  talent.--i,/c  nf  CkarlisMuthtws 

It  IS  probable  that  it  is  to  this  occurrence  that  the  au- 
thor of  the  biography  of  Jlook,  in  the  Gentleman's  Maga- 
zine, alludes,  when  he  tells  us 

"  flV  remember  once  to  haye  heard  Mr.  Hook  sing  a  song  unon 

a  company  of  sixty  persons,  each  verse  contaioiul  an  epiram 

Sheridan  was  present   and  expressed  his  opinion   that  it  w-Ts  Me 

tadte^Sne^sS""""'^^"^"""'^  °""""»"  '■"'"-'  '"-'^^ 

Such  brilliant  powers  of  entertainment  were  quite  as 

well  calculated  to  win   the  substantial  favour  of  <■  the  first 

gentle.nau  of  his   age"  as    more    solid  recommendations 

would  have  been;  .and  we  need  not  therefore  be  surprised 

that,  through  the  patronage  of  the  Regent,  the  si.arklin.. 

Wit  and  irresistible  punster  was  in  1812  appointed  to  th? 

dignihed  oftce  of  Accomptant-General  and  Treasurer  to 

the  Colony  of  the  Mauritius,  worth  some  £2000  per  annum 

Hook  seems  to  have  passed  his  time  for  five  years  very 

pleasantly  m    his    new  home,  "drinking    his    wine  and 

munch,,!;;  h,s  fruit"  during  the  day,  and   passing  every 

evening  at  the  balls,  in  which  the  gay  society  of  the  place 

.ndulged  to  their  hearts'  content.    But  a  mela,K.boly'pa.'e 

in  his  history  was  now  close  at  hand.     In  1818  his  ,a° 

counts   were  e.xamined,  and  a  defalcation   discovered  'of 

(as  was  first  alleged)  about  £20,000,  but  which  was  subse- 

l'i'"2,  ''tJ^'-'-^I  '"^'"""^  ^y    "><^   Audit   Uoard   to   be 
i.I-,UOO.      Ihe  unhapj.y  treasurer  was  suddenly  drafted 
from  supper-table  to  prison,  and   shortly  afterwards  "nt 
loine-on  account  of  "something  wrong  iu  the  c•/,<.,^"  he 
told   an   inc,uiring  friend,  ignorant  of  the    true  state   of 
anairs— to  London,  under  charge  of  a  military  guard    We 
have  no  time  nor  space  to  linger  over  the  details  of  this 
unpleasant  episode  in  Hook's  life;  but  we  supi.ose  it  to 
be    now  generally  agreeti    that   his   only  culpabiiity-a 
serious  one,  to-be-suie-in  this  unfortunate  aflair  was  his 
lack  of  a  tention   to  his  official  duties.     If.  .as  we  are  as 
sured    "during  the  five  years  that  he  remained  on  the 
island,  Uook  never  visited  his  office,  for  the  purpose  of 
business,  fave  times,"  wo  can  readily  believe  th.at  his  sub- 
ordinates paid  more  regard  to  the  large  co»/,  rm!,,u  of 
he  office;  and  the  suicide  of  one  of  them-who,  it  is  true, 
had  i^ist  called  attention  to  the  deficiency  in  the  fund— is 
calculated  to  relieve  the  character  of  the  E.^-Treasurer 
roni   the   serious   charge   of    peculation.     Hook   reached 
nomo,  utter  a  tedious  and  uncomfortable  passa-e  of  nearly 
nine   uiontlis,  in  January,   1819,   and    immediately  com- 
menced that  diligent  use  of  his  pen  which  enabled  him  to 
produce  more  new  v.dumes  than  there  remained  years  in 
the  balance  of  his  life.     Indeed,  from   1821  to  1841    the 
year  of  his  death,  a  period  of  about  seyenteen  years,-^for 
about  two  of  which  he  was  imprisoned  under  Government 
arrest,— he  wrote  Z&  vols.,  besides  editing  the  John  Uull  a 
weekly  newspaper,  and   (for  part  of  the  time)   The  New 
Vc"\il  'l^''-g"-""'=-     Of  'l'"  J"l>n  Bull,  e.nnmenced  Dec. 
ill,  I8„0,  ho  was  one  of  the  principal  f<mnders;  and  his 
share  m  the  stock  in  the  palmy  days  of  the  paper  brou-ht 
bin,  m  no  less  than  £2000  per  annum,  in  addituui  to  a  liberal 
s.il.iry.     Ills  income  for  a  number  of  years  was  prob.ably 
not  less  than  £3000  per  annum.     But  his   iraproyidence 
e.l  hiiu  into  continual  embarrassments,  which  made  him 
the  prey  ol  the  mo.,t  harassing  an.xieties.      As  the  con- 
ductor of  the  John  Bull,  he  distinguished  himself  by  bitter 
.uvectivc^against  Queen  Caroline  and  her  supporters,  and 


IIOO 


by  an  enthusiastic  advocacy  of  High-Tory  principles.    Ho 
-wa.s.also  a  contributor,  in  early  lite,  to  the  Satirist  Ma  -a- 
zine,  and  subsequently  to  Bcntley's  Miscellany;  and,°in 
additn.n  to  the  many  works  which  he  actually  prodnJed 
promis^ed  many  more,  and  prepared  materials"  for  A  His- 
tory of  the  House  of  Hanover,  which   was   al.so   left  u  ,- 
finished.     Shortly  after    his    return   from    the    Mauritiii.s, 
he  attempted   to  establish  a  minor   magazine,  called  The 
Arcadian  ;   but  it  only  survived  for  a  shtrt  time.     He  was 
tho  author  of  one  article  in   the  Quarterly  Heview,-that 
on  Prince  Pnckler-Muskau's  English  Tour,  in  vol.  vh-i   _ 
.and  probably  contributed  to  other  journals  not  here  named 
Hook  was  a  mere  butterfly  of  fashion,  without  hi-di   mo- 
ral principle,  .and  apparently  without  any  appreciation  of 
the  duty  devolving  upon  all  to  labour  for  the  welfare  aud 
improvement  of  the  race,  and  to  cultivate  the   mind  and 
discipline  the  heart  for  a  higher  sphere  than  that  to  bo 
found  in  tho  frivolities  of  the  ball-room  or  the  enci  'int 
ments  of  the  stage.     Hook  was  never  married,     lie  left 
S1.Y  children,  who,  with  their  mother,  were  aided  by  a  sub- 
scription  of   £3000    after   their  father's   death.      Of   his 
remarkable  literary  industry  for  a  period  of  almost  forty 
years,    the   following  list  of   his  works   affords   the    best 
illustration. 

l.The  Soldier's  Return;  a  Comic  Opera,lS05,8yo.  2  Catch 
Him  who  Can  ;  Musical  Farce,  1806.  3.  The  Invisible 
tx.il;  Pct.to  Piece,  1806.  4.  Tekeli ;  Melo-Hraiua,  1806 
S.  Ihe  lortress;  Melo-Dnim.a,  1807.  6.  Music-Mad- 
IJram.  Sketch.  7.  Siege  of  St,  Quintin ;  Drama,  1807  S 
lulling  no  Murder;  Farce,  ISOU.  a.  Safe  and  Sound! 
Opera,  1809.  10.  The  Man  of  Sorrow,  1809,  3  vols  This 
his  first  novel,  was  a  failure.  See  Lon.  Month.  Rev.,  lix' 
V;?,T^^'';t  ''•  Ass-ass-iuation  ;  Serio-comic  Entertainment,' 

1810.  Not  printed.     12.  The  Will,  or  The  Widow;  Dram: 
rrifle,   1810.     Ivot  printed.      13.  Trial   by  Jury;    Farce 

1811.  14.  Darkness  Visible;    Farce,    1811.     15    Pio-eons 
and  Crows;  Com.,  1819.   16.  E.xchange  no  Robbery ;  Coin., 

c",',','!-.  ^.'"  '■'''^"'•■I'non  i  <"'.  a"  Essay  towards  the  History 
ot  Whittmgton  and  his  Cat,  by  Dr.  Vicesimus  Blenkinsop 
18.0      This  was  a  satire  on  Queen  Caroline  aud  Alderman 
Wood.     IS.  Peler  and   Paul;    Drama,  1821.     19.  Sayin-s 
and  Doings.    First  Series,  1824,  3  vols.    20.  Second  Seriel 
l82o,  o  vols.      21.  Third  Series,  1828,  3  vols.      These  9 
vols.,  origin.ally  pub.  at  £4  14s.  6i/.,  have  been  reprinted 
in  three  vols,  for   10».  (,il.      See  Blackw.  Jlag  ,  xv  334  • 
xvii   224.     Hook's  biographer  in  the  Gent.  Mag.  says  that 
Colburn   agreed   to   pay  £000   for   the  First   Series,  and 
yoluntarily  added   3o0   more,  making  £950  in  all      But 
Mr.  Lockhart  says  (in  L<m.  Quar.  Key.,  Ix.xii.  88)   that 
Hook  s  diary  represents  lii.s  profits  on  the  First  Series  at 
£2000.     For  the  Second  Series  and  Third   Series  Hook 
recc-ived  Irom   C.dburn    £1000   each.     22.  Reminiscences 
of   Michael   Kelly,  1826,  2  vols.     This  w.as  compiled  by 
Hook  from  Kelly's  "nmgb  illiterate  materials."     It  wis 
reviewed  by  Sir   Walter   Scott  in   the   Lon.   Quar.  Rev 
.x.x.x,y.  242-248.      23.  Maxwell,  IS30,   3  vols. ;   considered 
the   best  of  Hook's   novels.     24.   The   Life  of  Sir  David 
Baird,  1832,  2  vols.     This  biography  greatly  pleased  Lady 
Band,  who  presented  the  author  with  a  magnificent  dia- 
mond suufl'-bo.x,  presented  by  the  Pacha  of  Egyjjt  to  Sir 
David.     25.  The   Parson's  Daughter,   1833,  3   vols      •'6 
Jack  Brag,   1837,  3   yols.     27.  Births,  Deaths,  and  Marl 
riages,  1839,  3  vols.     This  work  paid  Hook  about  £600 
Voi-  "''S,,'""'   ^"''«'   ^^"^'  3  ^"'^-     31.  Gilbert  Gurney, 
1830.      This  autolnography— it  almost  deserves  the  name 
—was  originally  contributed— as  was  the  sequel,  which  fol- 
"a'^o^'^  ""^  ^''^  '■^'"""'•y  Magazine.  32.  Gurney  Married, 

1839.  This,  and  the  preceding,  (q.  ,,.,)  were  collected  into 
•J  vols.  33.  Pascal  Bruno;  a  Sicilian  Story,  1837,  1  yol 
34.  Cousin  Geoffrey,  the  Old  Bachelor,  1840,  3  vols  35* 
Fathers jind  Sons,  1841,  3  vols.  Originally  contributed 
to   the   New   Monthly    Mag.     36.  Precept  ind   Practice, 

1840,  3  vols.  Originally  contributed  to  the  New  Monthly 
Mag.  37.  Adventures  of  an  Actor;  or.  The  French  Sta.'o 
and   French    People,  from   the  Journal  of  M.  Fleury  ■  "d 

?!s Vo'^'i"'  t  ™''  •  ^'^""'  ^y  """''•  ■'■'^-  I'eregrine  Bunco, 
1842,  3  vols.  Posthumous,  aud,  as  Mr.  Lockhart  insists, 
(Quar.Rev.,  Ixxii.  53,  88,)  not  all  written  by  Hook.  Several 
ol  his  novels  have  been  repub.  from  time  to  time,  aud  a 
new  ed.  of  Jlax well— esteemed  the  best  of  all— has  been 
issued  within  the  last  two  weeks,  (September,  1856.)  For 
further  information  respecting  Hook  and  his  writings,  wo 
refer  the  reader,  in  addition  to  the  authorities  cited  above, 
to  Allan  Cunningham's  Biog.  and  Crit.  Hist,  of  the  Lit. 
of  the  Last  Fifty  Years;  Moir's  Poet.  Lit.  of  the  Past 
Half-Century  ;  Mndden's  Literary  Life  and  Corresp.  of  the 
Countess  of    Blessiugton;     Bentloy's    Miscellany,   Sept. 


HOO 


HOO 


1S41 ;  Lon.  Gent  Mn».,  Ot-t.  ISil  :  Westminster  Rev.,  xv. 
150;  x.wui.  1(39;  Iri^h  tivitir.  Rev.,  Sept.  1853;  Dubl. 
Uiiiv.  Miig.,  xxxiii.  81  ;  lilackw.  Mus^..  xii.  70S  ;  xiv.  237  ; 
XV.  90,  yj;  xvii.  225;  sxiii.  400;  xxvi.  5G1;  xxx.  532; 
sxxviii.  298;  xli.  731.  Frasor's  Miif^;.,  ix.  43G ;  xxiv. 
618;  Lciii.  Literary  Gazette;  Lon.  Atbeuaeumj  N.  Yurk 
Eelec.  MuL^.,  xvi.  399. 

•'  It  woulii  not  be  easy  to  find  another  artist  with  nbility  equal 
to  lludU's  lur  discussing  the  g-iod  and  e\il,  the  passions  and 
affeirtaiitiis,  thu  lits  uf  guneiosity  and  settled  systems  of  sa\  iiij;;, 
the  selt-sufticiuncy  and  the  dt-ploiable  wt-akuess,  the  li^bt  and 
darkness,  the  \iitue  and  the  vice,  of  this  prodiginus  XJabel.  The 
stories  which  he  ti-lls  niiiiht  liu  invented  with  liltle  outlay  of 
fancy,  foi-  Ihe  be?t  of  them  are  fit-  from  being  consistent;  but  the 
characters  which  live  and  breathe  in  them  would  make  the  nai^ 
raiives  pleasing  though  they  were  as  crooked  as  the  walls  of 
Troy." — Allan  Cunningham  :  zibi  supi-a. 

'■  Doubtless,  his  wit  and  humour  Mere  apt  to  degenerate  into 
buffoonery,  liis  pathos  into  siintiuientality,  and  his  nature  into 
conventionalism  ;  but  his  kuowled^re  of  city  life,  in  its  manners, 
habits,  and  language,  seemed  intuitive,  and  has  been  surpassed  j 
only  by  Fielding  and  Dickens.  Many  and  niultitaiious,  however, 
as  are  his  volumes,  he  has  left  Ijehind  him  no  great  creation, — 
nothing  that  can  be  pointed  to  as  a  triuniphant  index  of  the  ex- 
traoidiuary  powers  which  he  uudoubtedly  possessed." — D.  M. 
Moiti ;  uhi  siqn'a. 

'•'I'iCKLER. — 'Confound  haste  and  hurry !  What  else  can  account  , 
for  Theodore  Hook's  position?  Who  that  has  read  his  Sayings  , 
and  Doings,  and.  above  all,  his  Maxwell,  can  doubt  that,  had  he 
given  himself  time  for  consideration  and  correction,  we  should  ' 
have  been  hailing  him  ere  now,  ?ie>n.  con.,  as  another  Smollett,  if  I 
not  another  Le  Sage?  .  .  .  .'  | 

"NoRTu. — 'I  agree  with  you;  and  T  sincerely  hope  this  novel-  i 
im  pro  visa  to  re  will  pause  ere  it  is  too  late,  and  attempt  something 
really  worthy  of  his  ima;,'ination.  But.  as  it  is,  such  is  the  rich- 
ness of  the  1115  comica  showered  over  these  careless  extravaganzas, 
that,  unless  he  himself  throws  them  into  the  shade  by  subsequent 
performances,  I  venture  to  say  they  have  a  better  chance  of  being 
remembered  a  hundred  years  hence  than  any  contemporary  pro- 
ductions of  their  class — except  only  those  of  the  two  great  lights 
of  Scotland  and  Ireland — Jam  dud um  ad  scripta  Camrenis.'" — 
John  Wilson:  J\'octes  Amhrosiano',  Sept.  1^31. 

'•  His  name  will  be  pre-^^erved.  Ilis  political  songs  and  jeux- 
d'esprit.  when  the  hour  comes  for  collecting  them,  will  form  a 
volume  of  sterling  and  lasting  attraction  ;  and  after  many  clever 
■  romances  of  this  age  shall  have  sufficiently  occupied  public  atten- 
tion, and  sunk,  like  hundreds  of  former  generations,  into  utter 
oblivion,  there  are  tales  in  his  collection  which  will  be  read  with, 
■we  venture  to  think,  even  a  greater  interest  than  they  commanded 
iu  their  novelty.  .  .  .  We  have  already  expressed  our  opinion, 
however,  that  Theodore  Ilook's  ability  iu  conversation  was  above 
what  he  ever  exemplified  in  his  writings.  We  have  seen  him  in 
company  with  very  many  of  the  most  eminent  men  of  his  time; 
and  we  never,  until  he  was  near  his  end,  carried  home  the  im- 
pression with  us  that  he  had  been  surpassed." — J.  G.  Lockhart  : 
ulfi  S"pr<i. 

Hook,  Walter  Farquhar,  D.D.,  Vicar  of  Leeds, 
Preb.  of  Lincoln,  an-l  Cli:ii)lain-in-Ordinnry  to  the  Queen, 
is  a  sou  vl'  Dr.  James  Ilnok-,  Dean  of  Wurcei^fer,  and  a 
nephew  of  Theodore  Edward  Hook,  both  of  whom  have 
already  come  under  our  notice.  Dr.  Hook  is  noted  for  bis 
untiring  energy  in  the  cause  of  church  extension,  and  is 
the  author  of  many  theological  publications,  of  which  the 
Churcli  Dictionary,  (7th  ed.,  1864,  Svo.)  Ecclesiastical 
Biography,  (vol^.  i.-viii.,  1845-52,  12mo,)  Hear  the 
Church,  (28th  ed.,  1838.  Svo,)  a  Call  to  Union,  (4th  ed., 
1839,  Svo.)  and  the  Serms.  on  the  Miracles,  (1847-48, 
2  vols.  fp.  Svo.)  on  various  subjects,  (2d  ed.,  1844,  fp.  Svo,) 
and  those  delivered  before  the  Univ.  of  Oxi'orcl,  (3d  ed., 
1847, 12mo.)  are  among  the  best-known.  See  Men  of  the 
Time,  Lon.,  185G;  Church  of  Eng.  Quar.  Rev.j  Eclec. 
Rev.,  4t.h  Ser.,  xii.  502;  Eraser's  Mag.,  xix.  1. 

Hooke,  Colonel.  The  Secret  Hist,  of  Col.  Hooke's 
Negotiations  in  Scot,  in  favour  of  the  Pretender,  Lon., 
17t>0,  Svo. 

Hookc,  A.,  a  Professor.  Religionis  Naturalis  et 
Revelatee  Priucipia,  in  Usum  Acad.  Juveututus,  177.1,  3 
vols.  Svo. 

Hooke,  Andrew.  1.  Bristolliana;  or.  Memoirs  of 
the  City  of  Bristol,  Lon.,  1748,  Svo.  2.  Dissert,  on  the 
Antiquity  of  Bristol,  Svo.  3.  Essay  on  the  National  Debt 
and  National  Capital,  17o0,  Svo, 

''The  author  of  this  tract  endeavours  to  trace  and  exhibit  the 
increase  of  the  national  capital  from  1600  upwards;  but  it  is  need- 
less to  say  that  there  must  always  be  more  of  conjecture  than  of 
certainty  in  such  estimates." — McCulhc'i's  Lit.  nf  Polit.  Ecnn. 

Hooke,  Benjamin,     Blow-Pipe;  Nie.  Jour.,  1803. 

Hooke,  Christopher.     Serni.,  Ac,  Lon.,  1590,  Ac, 

Hooke,  John.     Creed-Making,  Ac,  Lon.,  1729,  Svo. 

Hooke,  Nathaniel,  d.  176:i.  a  R.  Catholic,  of  whoso 
life  few  particulars  are  kn<^iwn,  will  always  be  remembered 
for  his  excellent  Roman  History,  and  as  the  friend  of 
Alexander  Pope,  who  brought  the  priest  to  his  death-bed, 
to  Bolingbroke's  great  disgust.  1.  Trans,  of  the  Life  of 
Fenelon,  1723,  12mo.  2.  Roman  Hist.,  from  the  Building 
of  Rome  to  the  eud  of  the  Commonwealth,  4  vols.  4to;  i. 


1773  :  ii.  1745  ;  iii.  1704  ;  iv.  1771.  Vols,  i.,  ii..  and  iii. 
have  been  frequently  reprinted  in  4to;  1706,  9  vols.  Svo; 
180(),  11  vols.  8vo;  1818,  U  vols.  Svo;  1831),  ti  vols.  Svo. 
This  work  should  be  read  as  an  introduction  to  Gibbon's 
Hislory,  which  carries  on  the  narrative. 

"'I'he  Homan  History  of  this  judicious  and  masterly  writer  is 
a  most  valuable  accession  to  the  stock  of  historical  learning.  The 
execution  is  equal  throufxhout.  Mr.  HooUe  seems  to  have  pos- 
sessed in  a  very  eminent  dej^ree  the  rare  talent  of  separating  the 
partisan  from  the  historian,  of  which  few  wiiters  are  capable,  and 
of  Comparing  contradictory  authoiities  with  impartiality  and 
penetrntion.  lie  does  not  appear  to  have  been  a  bigot  to  any 
principles  or  a  slave  to  any  authority.'' — Lon.  Month.  Itev. 

"This  occupies  the  whole  ground  that  Livy  had  chosen.  He 
was  a  iaboiious  and  faiihful  compiler.  The  Jesuits  Catron  and 
Kouille  far  exceeded  him.  for  they  compiled  a  lloman  History  in 
21  vols.  4to,  which  is  the  most  extensive  Komau  History  extaut.'* 

— CUANCEIXOR  KkNT. 

"It  is  more  thorough  than  Ferguson's  history,  and  far  more 
faifhful  than  that  of  Echard.  Goldsmith's  Rome  is  only  a  pleasant 
abiid'^nient  of  it.  while  Arnolds  learned  and  valuable  work 
doses  with  the  I'uuic  wars."' — Lawrenoi's  Lives  of  the  British 
Historians.,  1S56. 

3.  Tr.ans.  of  Ramsay's  Travels  of  Cyrus,  1739,  4to.  4. 
An  Account  of  the  Conduct  of  the  Dowager-Dutchess  of 
Marlborough,  from  her  first  coming  to  Court  to  the  year 
171(1,  1742,  Svo.  Por  this  work  the  duchess  rewarded  tbo 
author  with  £5000,  but  soon  quarrelled  with  him,  on  ac- 
count, as  she  alleged,  of  his  efforts  to  convert  her  to  the 
Church  of  Rome.  Hooke  also  pub,  some  works  on  the 
Roman  Senate,  on  which  subject  he  had  a  controversy 
with  Dr.  Conyers  Middleton.  See  Nichols's  Lit.  Anec. ; 
Ruflhead's  Life  of  Pope;  Chesterfield's  Memoirs;  Bos- 
well's  Life  of  Johnson  ;  Disraeli's  Quarrels  of  Authors. 

"  Hooke  was  a  virtuous  man,  as  his  hit-tory  shows." — Du.  John- 
son :  uhi  supra. 

Hooke,  Robert,  M.D.,  1035-1702,  an  eminent  ex- 
perimental philosopher,  a  native  of  Freshwater,  in  the 
Isle  of  Wight,  and  son  of  the  rector  of  that  place,  was 
educated  at  Christ  Church,  Oxford;  elected  in  January, 
16C}.i,  Curator  of  Experiments  for  the  Royal  Society  for 
life  ;  and  in  March  of  the  same  year  succeeded  Dr.  Dacres 
as  Professor  of  Geometry  in  Gresham  College.  Hooke  was 
unquestional>ly  one  of  the  most  ingenious  philosophers 
whom  the  world  has  ever  seen,  and  perhaps  no  one  man 
ever  made  so  many  discoveries, — amounting,  with  the 
contrivances  for  illustrating  them,  to  some  hundreds. 
Among  those  which  he  claimed — for  with  respect  to  some 
the  priority  of  discovery  is  a  matter  of  dispute — are: 
1656.  Barometer  or  Weather-Glass;  1057.  A  scapement 
for  maintaining  the  vibration  of  a  pendulum;  and  subse- 
quently the  regulating  or  balance-spring  for  watches ; 
165S,  The  Double-barrelled  air-pump  and  the  conical 
pendulum  ;  1001).  The  engine  for  cutting  clock  and  watch- 
whecds;  the  chief  phenomena  of  capillary  attraction  ;  the 
freezing  of  water  a  fixed  temperature;  lOO.'i.  The  method 
of  supplying  air  to  a  diving-bell ;  the  number  of  vibra- 
tions made  by  a  musical  chord;  1005.  In  this  year  his 
Micrographia  was  pub.,  in  which  will  be  found  notices  of 
many  of  his  discoveries  on  respiration,  the  composition 
,  of  the  atmosphere,  and  the  nature  of  light;  16156.  A 
quadrant  by  reflection;  1607.  The  marine  barometer,  and 
I  the  gauge  for  sounding  unfathomable  depths  ;  1074,  Steam- 
I  engine  on  Newcomen's  princijile;  1079.  That  the  air  was 
:  the  sole  source  of  heat  in  burning,  &c. ;  1084.  The  applica- 
tion of  the  principle  of  the  Telegraph.  See  Encyc.  Brit.; 
Life,  by  Waller;  Biog.  Brit. ;  Wood's  Gresham  Profes- 
sors ;  Athen.  Oxon. ;  Hallam's  Lit.  Hist,  of  Europe ; 
Bouvier's  Familiar  Astronomy.  In  1080.  on  the  publica- 
tion of  Newton's  Principia,  Hooke  (who  had  in  1671 
attacked  Newton's  New  Theory  of  Light  and  Colours) 
claimed  the  prior  discovery  of  the  principle  of  gravita- 
tion, or,  rather,  the  a])plication  of  that  principle.  But 
Newton's  letters  to  Halley  settle  the  matter  in  favour  of 
the  writer.  Yet  great  credit  is  undoubtedly  due  to  Hooke, 
To  borrow  the  language  of  Professor  Playiair,  when  com- 
menting on  '*  the  length  to  which  Galileo  advanced  iu 
this  direction,  and  the  point  at  which  he  stopped," 

*'  Hooke  did  not  stop  short  in  tho  same  unaccount;il'le  manner, 
but  made  a  nearer  approach  to  the  truth  than  any  one  had  yet 
done." — Third  Prelim.  J'igsert.  to  Euojc.  Brit. 
In  the  words  of  a  learned  lady  of  our  day, 
"The  idea  expressed  by  Kepler,  of  the  ebb  and  flow  of  the 
ocean  being  caused  by  the  attractive  influence  of  the  moon,  re- 
ceived in  If.O'i  and  1074  a  fresh  impulse  and  a  more  extended  ap- 
pli'ation  through  the  sagacity  of  the  iugeuious  Robert  Uooke,  a 
noted  experimental  philosopher,  who  distinguished  himself  by 
numerous  discoveries  in  science." — HaiuiaJi  M.  Bouvier's  Familiar 
At^tronomi/.  I'hiUi.,  1807.  346. 

The  following  is  a  list  of  the  works  of  this  distinguished 
philosopher.  1.  An  Attempt  to  Explain  the  Phenomena 
of  an  Experiment  of  Robert  Bojle,  Lon.,  1001,  Svo.     2, 

877 


HOO 

England,  1572?  4to ;  The  Events  of  Comets,  Lon.,  1577, 
Sve}  Cat.  of  the  Bishops  of  Esccster,  1584;  Offices,  etc. 
of  Everie  Officer  of  Excester,  15S4,  4to;  and  The  Antique 
Descrip.  and  Account  of  Exeter,  Exou.,  1765,  sm.  4to.  See 
Prince's  Worthies  of  Devon;  Athen.  Oxon. ;  Ware's  Ire- 
land, by  Harris. 

__. ., Hooker,  John,  d.  1777,  aged  48,  minister  of  North- 

who  had  a  particular  predilection  for  hypo-     ampton,  Mass.,  a  native  of  Farmington,  graduated  at  Yale 


HOO 

Microgrnphia,  Lon.,  1665,  '71,  fol.;  Abridgt,  17S0,  fol. ; 
Micrographia  Restituta,  1745,  fol.  3.  Animadversions  on 
the  first  part  of  Hevelius  his  machina  celestis,  1674,  4to. 
4.  Essays  on  Physical  Sulijects,  1674-82,  4to.  5.  Attempt 
to  prove  the  Motion  of  the  Earth  from  Observations,  1674, 
4to.  6.  Deserip.  of  Helioscopes  and  other  Instruments 
made  by  himself,  1676,  4to,  7,  Lampas,  1077,  4to. 
"  Dr.  Hooke,  ....  who  had  a  particular  predilection  f 
thesis,  sketched  in  his  Micro*ri-aphia  a  very  beautiful  theoretical 
explanation  of  combustion,  and  jiromised  to  develop  his  doctrine 
more  fully  iu  a  subsequent  book ;  a  promise  which  he  never  ful- 
filled, though  in  his  Lauipas,  published  about  twenty  [twelve] 
years  afterwards,  he  has  piven  a  very  beautiful  explanation  of 
the  way  in  which  a  caudle  burns.'* — Halkim's  Lit.  Hist,  of  Europe, 
ed.  1S54;  iii.  5S0-5S1. 

8.  Letters  and  Collection  of  Letters  concerning  Comets, 
Microscopes,  &c.,  1677,  4to;  1678,  fol.  9.  Lei-ts.  do  Po- 
tentia  Restitutiva;  or,  Of  Springs  :  explaining  the  Powers 
of  Springs,  1678,  4to.  10.  Philosoiihical  Collections,  Nos. 
1-7,  1678,  4to.  Pub.  during  a  period  in  which  the  Phil. 
Trans,  were  discontinued.  Hookc's  Nos.  are  always  con- 
sidered a  part  of  Phil.  Trans.  11.  Posthumous  Works, 
■with  his  Life,  by  Richard  AValler,  1705,  fol.  12.  Philos. 
Observ.  and  Experiments,  pub.  by  W.  Derham,  1726,  Svo. 
13.  Papers  on  subjects  of  astronomy  and  natural  philo- 
sophy, in  Phil.  Trans.,  1665-86.  And  see  Early  Develop- 
ment of  the  Antiphlogistian  Theory  of  Combustion,  in 
Nic.  Jour.,  ISOO. 

"  He  always  expressed  veneration  for  the  Deity,  as  may  be  seen 
in  a  great  many  passages  of  his  writings;  and  seldom  received 
any  remarkable  benefit  from  God,  without   thankfully  acknow- 
ledging the  mercy ;  he  never  made  any  considerable  discovery  in  ' 
nature,  Invented  any  useful  contrivance,  or  found  out  any  diiSi-  I 
cult  problem,  without  setting  down  his  acknowledgment  to  God. 
as  many  places  in  his  diary  testified.     And  he  fretiuently  studied  ' 
the  sacred  writing's  in  the  orij^inals." — Ltfv,  by  Walkr:  uhi  supra, 
Hooke,  William,  d.  1677,  aged  76,  minister  of  New 
Haven,  1644,  returned  to  England  in  1650,  and  became 
chiiplain  to  Oliver  Cromwell.     New  England's  Teares  for 
Old  England's  Fcares;  a  Past  Scrm.  at  Taunton,  July  23, 
1610.  Lon..  1641,  4to. 

Hooker,  Mrs.  A  Composition  for  Painting;  Nic. 
Jour.,  1808. 

Hooker,  Asahel,  1762-1813,  a  native  of  Bethlehem, 
Conn.,  and  minister  of  Norwich,  in  the  same  State,  a  de- 
scendant of  Thomas  Hooker,  {ante,)  pub.  five  occasional 
serras.,  1805,  Ac. 

Hooker,  Herman,  D.B.,  b.  1804,  at  Poultney,  Rut- 
land county,  Vermont,  graduated  at  Middlebury  College 
in  1825,  studied  divinity  at  the  Presbyterian  Theological 
Seminary  in  Princeton,  and  subsequently  took  orders  in 
the  Episcopal  Church.  Obliged  by  ill  health  to  forbear 
the  use  of  his  voice  in  the  pulpit,  he  has  fur  many  years 
been  widely  known  as  a  bookseller  in  Philadelphia,  where 
he  now  resides.  1.  The  Portion  of  the  Soul,  Phila.,  1S35, 
32mo;  Lon.,  1836,  ISmo. 

''  We  recommend  this  interesting  little  volume  for  the  hands 
of  those  who  feel  that '  void  of  heart  which  none  but  God  can  fill.' 
It  is  full  of  high  and  holy  thoughts,  given  with  much  mind,  cal- 
culated to  lead  the  minds  of  others  to  the  centre  of  rest." — Cltris- 
iian  Examiner,  June,  1S36, 

2.  Popular  Infidelity,  Phila..  1835,  12mo.  The  later 
edits,  bear  the  title  of  The  Philosophy  of  Unbelief  in 
Morals  and  Religion,  &c.     In  the  words  of  a  critic, 

"This  book  is  characterized  by  a  lucid  aud  agreeable  style,  by 
profound  and  discriminating  thought,  and  by  great  strength  of 
moral  and  religious  feeling." 

3.  Family  Book  of  Devotion.  1836,  Svo.  4.  The  Uses 
of  Adversity,  aud  the  Provisions  of  Consolation,  1846, 
ISmo. 

'*  I  can  desire  no  higher  satisfaction,  and  certainly  there  can  be 
no  truer  honour,  than  to  be  the  instrument  of  conveying  comfort 
to  the  bereaved  and  desponding,  and  causing  their  grief  to  assume 
the  aspect  and  direction  of  celestial  love." — Author^s  Freface. 

5.  Thoughts  and  Maxims,  1847,  sq.  16mo.  6.  The  Chris- 
tian Life  a  Fight  of  Faith,  1848,  18mo.  Dr.  Hooker  has 
also  contributed  a  number  of  articles  to  the  periodicals  of 
the  day. 

"  The  style  of  Dr.  Hooker  abounds  in  spontaneous  interest  and 
unexpected  graces.  It  seems  to  result  immediately  from  his  cha- 
racter, and  to  be  an  inseparable  part  of  it.  . .  .  We  meet  at  times 
In  Dr.  Hooker's  writings  with  phrases  of  the  rarest  felicity,  and  of 
great  delicacy  and  expressiveness ;  in  which  we  know  not  whether 
most  to  admire  the  vigour  which  has'conceived  so  striking  a 
thought,  or  the  refinement  of  art  which  has  fixed  it  in  words  so 
beautifully  exact."' — GrisimM'R  Prose  Writers  of  America. 

And  see  N.  York  International  Mag.,  v.  442^43. 

Hooker,  or  Vowell,  John,  M.P.,  1524?-1601,  a 
native  of  E.\eter,  and  member  of  Parliament  for  that  city, 
the  uncle  of  the  "Judicious  Hooker,"  has  already  come 
under  our  notice  as  the  coadjutor  of  Raphael  Holinshed 
in  the  compilation  of  his  Chronicles.  Hooker  also  wrote 
The  Order  and  Vsage  of  Keeping  of  the  Parlements  in 


College  in  1751,  was  a  descendant  of  Thomas  Hooker, 
(ante.)  Ho  pub.  a  Serm.  at  the  Ordination  of  T.  Allen, 
Pittsfield,  1704  J  aud  a  Funeral  Serm.  on  John  Hunt,  of 
Boston.  1776. 

Hooker,  Joseph  Dalton,  M.D.,  R.N.,  the  only  sur- 
viving son  of  Sir  Wm.  Jacks^on  Hooker,  and  an  eminent 
botanical  writer.  1.  Flora  Antarctica;  or.  Botany  of  the 
Antarctic  Voyage  of  H.M.  Ships  Erebus  and  Terror,  1839- 
43,  under  Ca'pt.  Sir  James  Clark  Ross,  R.N.,  Lon.,  1844^ 
47,  2  vols.  4to,  £7  lOs. ;  col'd,  £10  15*.  The  descriptions, 
notes,  and  illustrations  of  these  vols,  are  entitled  to  all 
praise.  Dr.  Hooker  was  Assistant-Surgeon  of  the  Erebus, 
and  Botanist  to  the  Expedition.  2.  Cryptogamia  Ant- 
arctica, (issued  separately,)  1847,  r.  4to,  £2  17*.;  col'd,  £4: 
4:8.  3.  The  Rhododendrons  of  Sikkim-Himalaya;  edited 
by  Sir  W.  J.  Hooker,  D.C.L.,  1849-51,  imp.  ful.,  £3  \U.  ^ 

"  Of  the  species  of  Ilhododendron  whiih  he  has  found  in  his 
adventurous  journey,  some  are  quite  unrivalled  in  magnificence 
of  appearance." — Lon.  Garchner's  Chronicle. 

4.  Flora  of  New  Zealand,  1852-54,  r.  4to,  £8;  col'd, 
£12  12s.     Introduc.  Essay,  pub.  separately,  4to,  at  2». 

'*  The  beautiful  execution  of  the  work  renders  it  a  library-hook, 
even  to  those  who  are  not  interested  about  natural  history." — 
Lon.  Gardener's  Chronicle. 

5.  Himalayan  Journals,  with  Maps  and  Hlustrations, 
1854,  2  vols.  Svo,  £1  16s.;  2d  ed.,  1855,  2  vols.  Svo,  ISs. 
6.  Illustrations  of  Sikkim-Himalayan  Plants,  1855,  imp. 
Svo,  £5  55.     7.  Flora  Tasraanica;  *Pt.  1,  1855,  £1  lU  6d. 

Hooker,Kichar(l,  1553  ?-l600,wasanative  of  Heavy- 
Tree,  near  Exeter.  His  good  conduct  and  quickness  in 
learning  whilst  at  the  grammar-school  of  Exeter  made 
him  a  great  favourite  with  his  tutor,  at  whose  instance 
young  Richard's  uncle  presented  his  nephew  to  Bishop 
Jewel,  and  besought  him,  for 

'•  Charity's  sake,  to  look  favourably  upon  a  poor  nephew  of  his, 
whom  nature  had  fitted  for  a  scholar,  but  the  estate  of  his  parents 
was  so  narrow  that  they  were  unable  to  give  him  the  advantage 
of  learning." 

He  therefore  expressed  the  hope  that  the  bishop  would 

"Become  his  patron,  and  prevent  him  from  being  a  tradesman, 
for  he  was  a  boy  of  remarkable  hopes." 

The  good  bishop  sent  him  to  Oxford  and  placed  him 
under  charge  of  Dr.  John  Cole,  President  of  Corpus  Christi 
College,  who  appointed  him  a  tutor  and  Bible-clerk  of  the 
college.  He  now  enjoyed  the  advantage  of  the  instructions 
of  Dr.  John  Reynolds  for  four  years.  In  1577  he  was 
chosen  Fellow  of  his  college.  In  1579  he  received  the 
appointment  of  deputy-professor  of  Hebrew,  In  1581  he 
was  ordained;  and,  according  to  the  college-statutes,  he 
was  immediately  appointed  to  preach  a  sermon  at  St. 
Paul's  Cross,  London.  He  lodged  at  a  dwelling  appro- 
priated to  the  preachers,  which  was  called  the  Shunamite's 
house.  Much  indisposed  by  the  fatigue  of  his  journey  to 
the  city,  he  was  so  grateful  for  the  kind  attentions  of  Mrs. 
Churchman,  who  had  charge  of  this  "house  of  the  pro- 
phets," that  his  complaisance  got  the  better  of  his  judg- 
ment. Walton  tells  the  story  so  quaintly  that,  even  at 
the  risk  of  being  charged  with  countenancing  a  slander 
against  ** provident"  mothers,  we  must  quote  it: 

"He  thouijht  himself  bound  in  conscience  to  believe  all  that 
she  said  :  so  that  the  good  man  came  to  be  persuaded  by  her, '  That 
ho  was  a  man  of  a  tender  constitution ;'  and  '  that  it  was  best  for  him 
to  have  a  wife  that  might  prove  a  nurse  to  him ;  such  an  one  as 
might  both  prolong  his  life  and  make  it  more  comfortable:  and 
such  an  one  she  could  and  would  provide  for  him  if  he  thought  fit 
to  marry.'  And  he.  not  considei'ing  that  the  children  of  this  world 
are  wiser  in  their  generation  than  the  children  of  light,  but.  like 
a  true  Nathaniel,  fearing  no  guile,  because  he  meant  none,  did  give 
her  such  a  power  as  Eleazer  was  trustt-d  with  fyou  may  read  it  in 
the  book  of  Genesis)  when  he  was  sent  to  choose  a  wife  for  Isaac; 
for  eveu  so  he  trusted  her  to  choose  for  him;  promising  upon  a 
fair  summons  to  return  to  London  and  .accept  of  her  choice.  And 
he  did  so.  in  that  or  about  the  year  following.  Now,  the  wife  pro- 
vided for  him  was  her  daughter  Joan,  who  brought  him  neither, 
beauty  nor  portion :  and  for  her  conditions,  they  were  too  like  that 
wift-'s  which  is  by  .Solomon  compared  to  a  dripping  house." 

"Which  A.  Wood  explains,  by  saying,  that  she  was  a  silly, 
clownish  woman,  and  withal  a  meer  Xantippe." 

What  a  proof  of  the  kindness  of  heart  of  good  Mrs. 
Churchman,  to  intrust  the  happiness  of  her  d.aughter  to 
the  young  divine  !  So  anxious  was  she  to  promote  his 
comfort  and  prolong  what  promised  to  be  a  valuable  life, 
that  she  was  willing  to  submit  to  the  sacrifice,  and  dci)rive 
herself  of  the  society  of  her  dear  Joan  .'  But  will  it  be 
believed  that  the  magnanimity  of  this  excellent  woman 


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has  been  questioned,  and  that  she  has  even  ^een  blamed 
a.  a  "managing  mother,"  for  thus  converting  Miss  Joan 
Churchman  into  Mrs.  Richard  Hooker?  So  uncharitable 
is  human  nature!  And,  from  some  modern  instances 
which  oecasionally  occur  of  like  censure  of  mothers 
whose  disinterestedness  is  not  arpreciate^d,  it  would  seem 
that  detraction  was  not  confined  to  the  days  of  Mrs. 
Churchman.  If  his  wife  did  not  prove,  as  his  mother-in- 
law  promised  she  should,  a  ••  comforf  to  him  we  have 
evidence  that  he  bore  his  troubles  with  laudable  equa- 
nimity. Two  of  his  former  pupils,  Mr.  Edwin  bandys 
and  Mr.  &oorge  Cranmer,  paid  him  a  visit  at  his  parsonage 
at  Drayton-Beauchamp,  in  Buckinghamshire,  of  which  he 
became  Rector  in  15S4 ;  and  we  are  told  that 

"  Thev  found  him  « ilh  a  bcK>k  in  his  hand,  (.t  was  the  Odes  of 
nraace  l  h-  b.ing  then,  like  humble  and  ,im.,«nt  Abel,  tendli  g 
hiV"  u'lll  ..ll"tm?utof  sheep  in  a  common  field;  which  he  told 
th;.<;.  '-e.nl.u.en  he  w.is  forced  to  do  tbeu,  for  tU»t  his  servant  was 
Eone  home  to  dine  and  assist  his  wife  to  do  some  necessary  ho^use- 
hoWlusraess.  But  when  his  servant  returned  and  rele^ised  h.m, 
Wstwo  pupils  attended  him  unto  his  house,  where  ^eir  hes  en- 
tertainment was  his  .luiet  company,  which  was  presently  denied 
them-  for  Richard  was  called  to  rock  the  cradle:  and  the  rest  of 
th™  welcome  was  so  like  this,  that  they  staid  but  til  next  morn- 
ing which  was  time  enough  to  discover  and  pity  then-  tutor's  con- 
difton  .  . .  They  were  forced  to  leave  him  to  the  comp.,ny  of  his 
wife  Joan,  and  seek  themselves  a  quieter  lodging  for  the  next 
nic-ht  But  at  their  p.irting  from  him,  Mr.  Cranmer  said.  Good 
Tutor,  I  am  sorry  your  lot  is  fallen  in  no  better  ground  as  to  your 
p.arsoQage;  and  more  sorry  your  wife  proves  ^"^.^^^ZYZ^^o^l 
able  companion,  after  you  have  wearied  your  thoughts  in  jour 
restless  studies.'  To  whom  the  good  man  rephed.  •  My  dear  (,eorge, 
if  saints  have  usuallv  a  double  share  in  the  miseries  of  this  lit& 
I  that  am  none,  ought  not  to  repine  at  what  my  wise  Creator  hath 
appointed  for  me;  but  labour  (as  indeed  I  do  daily)  to  submit  to 
his  will,  and  possess  my  soul  in  patience  and  peace.  -Walton  s 
Zife  of  Hmktr, 

Here  was  a  model  husband  indeed. 
To  this  visit  of  his  former  pupils  are  we  indebted  tor 
that  immortal  production.  The  Laws  of  Ecclesiastical  Po- 
lity.     Edwin   Sandys  urged  his   father,  then   Bishop  of 
London,  to  find  a  more  comfortable  post  for  his  quondam 
tutor.     This  led  to  his  appoiutment,  m   lobo,  after  the 
death  of  •'  Father  Alvy,"  of  Master  of  the  Temple  for  life, 
being  then  in  his  Z?,A  or  3-tth  year.     Hooker  was  the  morn- 
ing lecturer,  and  Mr.  Travers  held  forth  in  the  afternoon. 
The  latter  geutleman  followed  the  views  of  Cartwriglit, 
the  Puritan,  and  inclined  to  the  Presbyterian  side  m  dis- 
cipline.     This  contrariety  of  sentiment  led  to  an  amicable 
controversy  between  the  lecturers,  who  seem  to  have  en- 
tertained for  eaeh  other  all  due   respect.     Thus,  it  was 
observed,  "  the  forenoon  sermon  spoke  Canterbury,  antl 
the  afternoon  Geneva."     Archbishop  Whitgift  prohibited 
the   lectures  of  Mr.  Travers.     Travers    appealed   to    the 
aueen,  but   in    vain;    he   then   published   his   memorial, 
which  was  answered  by  Hooker.     This  answer  may  be 
considered  the  germ  of  his  great  work.  Of  the  Laws  ot 
Ecclesiastical   Polity.     He  commenced  his  work  m  the 
Temple;  but,  finding  less  distraction  rciuisite,  he  solicited 
the  archbishop  to  permit  him  to  retire  to  some  more  quiet 
post.     Accordingly,  that  prelate  presented  him,  in  laai, 
to  the  rectory  of  Boscombe,  in  Wiltshire,  and  to  the  pre- 
bend of  Nether-Haven  in  the  Cathedral  of  Salisbury,  of 
which  he  wa.s  also  made  sub-dean.     Four  books  of  his 
work  were  finished  at  Boscombe, and  printed  in  1693,  fob; 
again,  159-1,  fol.     In  1695  Queen  Elizabeth  presented  him 
to  the  rectory  of  Bishopsbourne,  in  Kent,  where  he  lived 
the  rest  of  his  days.     Whilst  sailing  between  London  and 
Gravesend,  he  caught  a  cold  which  carried  him  ofi^  at  the  I 
early  age  of  forty-seven.     He  died  the  death  of  the  right- 
eous, and  to  his  triumphant  soul  "  the  doors  of  Heaven  | 
seemed  to  open  so  wide"  that  he  was  enabled  to  catch  a 
view  of  that  ineffable  glory  which  surrounds  the  throne 
of  "  the  High  and  Lofty  One  who  inhabiteth  Eternity. 
Happy  are  they  who  have  the  good  report  of  the  members  | 
of  their  own  household  and  of  their  intimate  associates; 
for  they  have  the  best  opportunity  of  knowing  our  faults 
and  detecting  all  of  our  infirmities.     Our  excellent  author 
does  not  lack  this  weighty  attestation:  ^     .   ,     „ 

'•  My  master.  Hooker,  was  a  good  man  and  a  good  scholar. 
So  testifies  his  parish  clerk.  , ,.  ,     . 

The  5th  Book  of  his  Ecclesiastical  Polity  was  published 
in  1597,  fob;  1632,  fob;  the  7th  in  1017,  (according  to 
Biog  Brit.,)  and  the  6th  and  8th  (the  conclusion)  in  1648, 
4to  The  eight  books,  with  a  few  sermons  and  tracts,  pub- 
lished separately  in  1612-13,  and  a  Life  of  Hooker  were 
Dub  in  Dr.  Gauden's  edition  of  his  works,  Lon.,  Ibb/!,  lol. ; 
2d  ed  ,  16C6,  fob,  with  Life,  by  AValton.  It  is  contended, 
indeed,  that "  all  the  eight  books,  with  certain  tractates  and 
eermoDs,  together  with  the  author's  life,  were  published  in 
two  vols,  in  fob,  1617."     See  Bliss's  Wood's  Athen.  Oxon., 


HOO 

i.  G97;  Biog.  Brit.     Other  edits,  ff  Hooker's  Works  in- 
cluding  the  Ecclesiastical  Polity:  Lon.,  16 1 6    82,1796, 
■19  '03  fob;  Dubb,  1721,  fob    The  ed.  of  1723  is  esteemed 
the'  bes't  of  the  fob  edits.     Oxf.,  179:5,   1807   '20,  each  in 
3  vol«.  Svo.     Edited  by  Rev.  W.  S.  Dobson,  Lon.,  1825,  ^ 
vols  Svo      With  an  Introduc,  Life  of  Thomas  Cartwright, 
and'many  notes,  [including  extracts  from  the  ^''ks  »■"- 
swered  by  Hooker.]  by  B.  Hanbury,  an  I»'><=!7''™' J?'^" 
senter   1830,  3  vols.  Svo.     Arranged  by  Rev.  John  Keble, 
Ovf    1836  4  vols.  Svo;  2d  ed.,  1S41,  3  vols.  Svo;  3d  ed., 
1845   3  vols   Svo.     Without  Keble's  Notes,  1845,  2  vols. 
8vo-'l850,  2vols.  Svo.    Keble's  edit,  is  the  best  of  all;  but 
the  'theologian  should  possess  both  Keble's  and  Hanbury  s 
edit.,  on  the  good  old   principle,  and,al,cvam  part.,n 
Other  edits.,  Lon.,  1839,  2  vols.  Svo ;  1845  Svo.     The  Ec- 
clesiastical Polity  has  been  pub.  f P--f'^ly'T:^™J'™«^3 
with  an  Analysis,  Digest,  &c  ;  and  we  have  Abri  Ig    ei   s 
of  and  Selections  from  the  Works  o    '^.s  great  man     ,,r 
those  who  do  not  wish  to  purchase  the  whole,     ^^''^f^ 
of  his  separate  publications,  discussions  relative  to  the 
authenticity  of  the  6th,  7th,  and  Sth  books,  as  publish  d 
and  for  furlher  information  respecting  the  author,  see  Is 
Life  by  Walton,  Gauden,  Ac. ;  Biog.  Brit. ;  Prince     Wor- 
thies  of  Devon;  Watt's  Bibb  Brit.;  Lowndes  s  Brit.  Lib., 
380,  599-600;  Keble's  ed.  of  his  Works;  authorities  sub- 

•'"iT'^ihe  Laws  of  Ecclesiastical  Polity,  Hooker  pre- 
sents an  elaborate,  dignified,  and  learned  defence  o  he 
ministry,  ritual,  and  ceremonies  of  the  Church  of  England. 
Its  polemical  arguments  have  satisfied  many;  't^  '''"'"J 
merits  have  charmed  all.  Its  fame  having  reached  Rome 
Cardinal  Allen  and  Dr.  Stapleton  recommended  it  so 
stron.'ly  to  Clement  VIII.,  that  he  wished  to  have  it 
transfated  into  Latin,  in  which  hxngnage  Stapleton  read 
to  him  the  1st  book,  declaring  th.at  „„„v„rt  into- 

"There  is  no  learning  that  this  man  h.ath  not  searched  into, 
nothing  too  hard  for  his  understanding.  This  man  indeed  d^ 
?e"-ves  the  n-ame  of  an  author.  His  books  w  1  get  «ver™ce  by 
aire  foi  there  is  in  them  such  seeds  of  eternity,  that  if  the  rest 
bflikethilTthey  shall  continue  tiU  the  last  lire  shall  devour  aU 

"james  I.  remarked  to  Archbishop  Whitgift : 

"I  have  received  more  satisfaction  in  reading  a  leaf  or  par.a- 
graph  in  Mr  linker,  though  it  were  but  about  the  &sh.on  of 
f  lurches  or  church  music,  or  the  like,  but  especially  of  he 
.^cranients  th.S  i  have  had  in  reading  large  treatises  written 
bui  o}  one  of  those  subjects  by  others,  though  very  learned 

""■f'harles  I  commended  the  five  books  then  extant  of  the  Polity 
t«  his  dear  cbildrm  as  an  excellent  means  to  satisfle  private 
^ru;iies,andsetUe?he  publique  peace  of  the  Chm-ch  and  King- 

'*°Our  learned  author  seems  to  have  a  right  by  long  use 
fn  the  title  of  "The  Judicious  Hooker." 

'■■The  ■  dam.'ntine  and  imperishable  work  of  Hooker  is  h.S 
Eccle'hs  ic-Hll-olitv.  Bishop  Lowth,  in  the  preface  to  his  English 
Grammar  has  bestowed  the  highest  praise  upon  the  PU"  y  of 
Ilork™  stvle  Bishop  -STarburlon,  iu  his  book  on  the  A  Iwnce 
Wweeu  the  Church  and  «ate.  often  quotes  him,  and  calls  him 
Mhe  e^Scelleutrthe  admirable,  the  best  good  man  of  om  order.' 

""  Of^UiTillustrious  Hooker-whose  memory  i%™''»'f«*.  J"  ^^^ 
beautiful  biography  of  hi.u  by  Isaac  tt  a  ton-it  is  suflitaent  to 
SOT^that  his  Ecclesiastical  Polity  is,  of  all  works  of  that  descr  p 
?fon,  one  of  the  most  masterly  and  convincing  Never  was  logic 
more  successfully  employed  to  comhat  error  and  establish  truth  , 
Tnd  the  vein  of  common  sense,  as  well  as  of  spiritual  comtort, 
whth  pervades  the  pages  of  that  work,  will  render 't.  to  the  latest 
posterity,  a  popular  as  well  as  instructive  performance.  -DE. 
Ilmms  ;  Lib.  Cum}).,  ed.  1525,  '55,  '56. 

The  following  is  no  small  eulogy  :  ^  o.  »    k   „n 

"  Should  the  English  constitution  in  Church  and  State  be  uil- 

hiDoilv  ruined  by" some  convulsion  of  extraordinary  times,  this 

tok  atom   probably  contains  materials  sufHcient  lor  repairing 

and  rebuilding  the  shattered  fabric."  

■•  lie  -^as  an°able  champion  for  the  eeclesiast.ca  hierarchy  H  3 
work  dilplays  immense  learning,  reflection,  and  eloquence,  and  is 
Ttm  referred  to  as  a  great  authority  upon  the  who  e  r.-^nge  of 
Soral  and  political  principles The  Ecclesiastical  Polity  has 

rrnish",;!  L  nearly'iou  y^ars,  an  '-"'-'''f  *f '™™  ?' '.ste.*!;'! 
to  studious  men;  but  we  want,  8.ays  the  Rev  E.  BKkersteth  a 

i  popular  work  of  the  like  sound,  judicious,  and  evangelical  cha- 
Ker,  for  the  establishment  of  the  young,  and  laymen  in  gem> 
S  Keble's  preface,  like  -(Valton's  life,  should  precede  every 

subsequent  edition.  Hooker  is  univers.ally  distinguished  for 
lou-drawn  melody  and  mellifluence  of  l-HUguage  and  his  works 
muJt  find  a  place  in  every  well-chosen  clerical  hbrary.     His  el^ 

I  quence  has  been  deservedly  praised ;  but  the  justice  of  the  epithet 
?Judicious,'  which  his  admirers  have  attached  to  bis  name,  is 
rather  more  questionable.  Certainly  there  never  was  a  more 
thorough-going  advocate  of  things  estaljlished  than  he  has  shown 
himsell'in  the  whole  Fifth  Book,  forming  more  th.an  a  third  part 
of  the  entire  Ecclesiastical  Po\ity:'-Lo,mides  s  Brit.  Lib.,  380,  699. 
"  Hooker  was  not  permitted  to  occupy  the  field  of  controversy 
alone.  Bilson,  Bancroft.  Bridges.  Cosins,  and  Dr.  Adrian  Saravia, 
a  German  twneficed  in  England,  appeared  on  the  s.Huie  side.  Brad- 
shaw  defended  the  cause  of  the  I'uritans  against  Bil|on,  FenneT 


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against  Bridges.  Mnrrire  against  Cusins.  and  Beza  against  Saravia,  ' 
altlioui;h  the  press  was  shut  against  tbeni  by  law,  and  their  books 
could  ( nly  by  published  by  stealth.'' — Bogle. 

'•The  Ecclff^iastic-al  Polity  of  Ilnoker,  who  was  superior  to  the 
pedantry  of  the  tiii:es.  is  worlhy  of  the  present  aL'e  for  its  liberal 
and  manly  sentiment." — Comparisons  of  the  Lit.  of  (he,  Pi-fsetd  A(ic 
with  that  of  the  I'l-itins  of  KHz.  and  Aiine,  by  Rev.  E.  Polwhdc. 
gee  Goodhu^,'h's  Lib.  Man.,  165. 

"  His  works  nwinifest  f^reat  vigour  of  thought,  eloquence  of  ex- 
pressi'in.  soundness  nf  judgment,  and  de('idedly  pvan'^^fiii-al  senti- 
\  nient:  bis  P>clesi:istical  I'dity  is  one  of  tin.-  bulwarks  of  the  Esta- 

blish'd  Church  of  lOngland." — Bickersteth  :  Christinn  Student. 

"  For  a  di4ence  of  the  Church  of  England  against  the  SfictaricJi. 
it  will  suffice  mUar  omnium,  to  study  Hooker's  KccK'siastical 
Politie,  a  W'irk  beaiing  all  the  marks  (f  immortality,  as  destined 
toe.\citethe  admiration  of  men  wliib^  g'ud  Ltti-rs  r..-main  amongst 
the  n." — Bishop  lViirhiirtf>7i''s  Directions  I"  his  Shi'h  n(. 

"  The  Ecclesiastical  Polity  is  the  piiuripul  wnk  -t  this  able  and 
Tcnt-rable  man.  and  perhaps  the  best  defence  uf  (he  Church  of 
England  ever  published.  Those  who  dissent  from  his  doctrine  of 
church  order  may.  nevertheless,  read  this  remarkable  production 
with  great  advantage,  because  of  the  dignity  and  force  of  the  lan- 
gu.'ige  in  which  it  is  written,  the  author's  meekness  in  contro- 
versy, and  the  very  just  and  impressive  views  of  revealed  truth 
which  he  has  often  introduced.'" — Br.  E.  Williams's  Christian 
I'reachcr. 

''  Amply  as  Hooker  enriched  his  native  tongue,  he  frequently 
presents  the  cumbrous  gait  and  the  rough  aspect  of  a  pioneer. 
Taylor  suipasses  him  in  all  the  <harms  of  imagination  ;  Hall,  iu 
the  sweetness  and  colour  of  his  thoughts;  Barrow,  in  the  illumina- 
tion of  his  argument.  But  Hooker  excelled  them  all  iu  muscular 
vigour.  .  .  .  M'e  turn  to  his  works,  as  to  some  mighty  bulwark 
against  infidelity,  impregnable  to  the  assaults  of  successive  gene- 
rations."— WlI.LM  jTT. 

For  other  comparisons  of  Iloolier  to  Taylor,  Barrow. 
&c.,  see  B.\RRO\v,  Isaac,  D.D.  ;  Tavi.or,  Jeremv,  D.I>. 
Referring  to  Hooker's  theological  sentiments,  Mr.  Ma- 
caulay  remarks : 

"  The  school  of  divinity  of  which  Hooker  was  the  chief  occupies 
a  middle  place  between  the  school  of  Cianmer  and  the  school  of 
Laud;    and  Hooker  has  in  modern  times  been  claimed  by  the 
Arminians  as  au  ally." — History  of  Engtmvi,  vol.  i.,  1819. 
Dr.  Drake  remarks  of  Hooker's  composition : 
"Though  the  words,  for  the  most  part,  are  well  chosen  and 
pure,  the  arrangement  of  them   into  sentences  is  intricate  and 
harsh,  and  formed  almost  exclusively  on  the  idiom  and  construc- 
tion of  the  Latin,     Much  strength  and  vigour  are  derived  from 
this  adoptinn,  but  perspicuity,  sweetness,  and  ease,  ai'e  too  gene- 
rally sacrificed.     There  is.  notwithstanding  these  usual  features 
of  his  composition,  an  occasional  simplicity  in  his  paL;es.  buth  of 
stvle  and  sentiment,  which  truly  charms." — Essays  Illustrative  of 
the  Tath-r.  djc,  vol.  i.  10. 
Mr.  lieloe  complains  that 

"  ^Neither  Walton  in  his  Life  of  Hooker,  nor  Bishop  Gauden, 
nor  many  others  that  give  an  account  of  Hooker  and  bis  wii  tings, 
make  mention  of  the  particular  books  or  tracts  which  gave  occa- 
sion to  his  writing  the  Ecclesiastical  Polity." 

Mr.  Beloo  proceeds  to  supply  this  omission  in  Anec- 
dotes of  Literature  and  Scarce  Books,  vol.  i.  p.  21. 

Mr.  Haliam's  authority  is,  in  all  cases^  one  of  the  most 
wei;ihty  which  can  be  adduced: 

"The  finest  as  well  as  the  most  philosophical  writer  of  the 
Elizabethan  period  is  Hooker.  The  first  book  of  the  Eccle.siastical 
Pohty  is  at  this  day  one  of  the  master-pieces  of  English  eloquence. 
His  periods,  indeed,  are  generally  much  too  long  and  too  intiicate, 
hut  portions  of  them  are  often  beautifully  ihythmical;  his  lan- 
guage is  rich  iu  English  idiom  without  vulgarity,  and  in  words 
of  a  Latin  source  «ithout  pedantry ;  he  is  more  uniformly  solemn 
than  the  usage  of  later  times  permits,  or  even  than  writers  of  that 
time,  such  as  Bacon,  conversant  with  mankind  as  well  as  books. 
would  have  reckoned  necessary;  but  the  example  of  ancient 
orators  and  philosopher,*;,  upon  themes  so  grave  as  those  which 
he  discusses,  may  justify  the  serious  dignity  from  whi.h  he  does 
n-'t  d.purt.  Hooker  is  perhaps  the  first  of  such  in  Kniiland  who 
adorned  his  prose  with  the  images  of  poetry  ;  but  this  he  has  done 
more  judiciously  and  with  more  moderation  than  others  of  great 
name;  and  we  must  be  bigots  in  Attic  seveiity.  before  we  can 
object  to  some  of  his  grand  figures  of  speech.  We  may  praise 
him  also  for  avoiding  the  superfluous  luxury  of  quotations :— a 
rock  on  which  the  writers  of  the  succeeding  age  were  so  frequently 
wrecked."— in/roc/uc.  to  Lit.  of  Europe;  ed.  1854,  vol.  ii.  198. 

"The  Ecclesiastical  Polity  of  Hooker  is  a  monument  of  real 
learning,  in  profane  as  well  as  theological  antiquity." — Ibid .  vol 
i.  618.  "^  '       ■ 

See  also  vol.  i.  521,  522,  556;  ii.  23-26,  48,  3.3S,  505, 
537  ;  iii.  444,  445,  44S.  And  see  Hallam's  Constit.  Hist, 
of  Encr.,  ed.  1854,  i.  214,  21fi,  217.  218,  22l)-227.  See 
also  Bisr.'ieli'a  Amenities  of  Lit.,  and  his  Quarrels  of  Au- 
thors ;  Talfourd's  Essays;  Dugald  Stewart's  Prelim. 
Dissert  to  Encyc.  Brit.  ;  Sir  Jas.  Mackintosh's  Works, 
1854.  i.  351  ;  T.  B.  Macaulay's  Essays,  1854,  ii.  .316. 

After  such  a  cloud  of  witnesses  to  the  merits  of  this 
eminent  writer,  we  trust  that  it  is  unnecessary  for  ns  to 
urge  our  rc:ulers— youn,?  and  old— to  devote  at  least  a 
l.nrtion  of  their  days  and  nights  to  the  pages  of  Hooker. 
And.  that  they  may  be  persuaded  so  to  do,  we  shall  gratify 
tljcru  with  a  tew  more  eloquent  lines  of  j.'Iowing  eulogy 
from  the  snmc  di.-^tinguishetl  scholar  who  has  opened  the 
paths  of  learning  to  so  many  of  the  past  and  present 
generation,    and  who    still    remains — now  on   the  vemo 


of  fourscore  years — to  see  the  abundant  fruits  of  his 
i-ivbours,  and  receive  the  grateful  benedictions  of  many 
whom  he  has  guided  to  intellectual  elevation  and  stimu- 
lated to  the  acquisition  of  mental  riches  of  ]jrict'less 
worth.  Of  the  author  of  the  Ecclesiastical  Polity,  Mr. 
Hallam  does  not  scruple  to  declare  : 

"  He  not  only  opened  the  mine,  but  explored  the  depths,  of  our 
native  eloquence.  So  stately  and  graceful  is  the  march  of  his 
periods,  so  various  the  fall  of  his  musical  cadences  upon  the  ear, 
so  rich  in  images,  so  condensed  in  sentences,  so  grave  and  noble 
his  diction,  so  little  is  there  of  vulgarity  in  his  racy  idiom,  of 
pedantry  in  his  learned  phrase,  that  I  know  not  whether  any 
later  writer  has  more  admirably  displayed  the  capacities  of  our 
language,  or  produced  passages  more  worthy  of  comparison  with 
the  splendid  monuments  of  antiquity.  If  we  compare  the  fiist 
I)Ook  of  the  Ecclesiastical  Polity  with  what  beai-s  perhaps  most 
resemblance  to  it  of  any  thing  extant,  the  treatise  of  Oicern  de 
Legibus,  it  will  appear  somewhat  perhaps  inferior,  through  the 
imperfection  of  our  language. — which,  with  all  its  force  and  dig- 
nity, does  not  equal  the  Latin  in  either  of  those  qualities, — and 
certainly  more  tedious  and  diffuse  in  some  of  its  reasonings;  but 
by  no  means  less  high-toned  in  sentiment  or  less  Iiright  in  fancy, 
and  tar  more  comprehensive  and  pi-ofound  in  the  foundations  of 
its  philosophy.'" — Constit.  Hist,  of  Eng.,  ed.  1S54,  i.  215. 

Hooker,  Richard.     "Weekly  Miscellany,  1736-38,  2 

vols.  8vo. 

Hooker,  Thomas,  158fi-1647.  "  The  Renowned  Pas- 
tor of  Hartford  Church,  and  Pillar  of  Connecticut  Colony," 
a  native  of  Mariield,  Leicestershire,  educated  at  and  Fel- 
low of  Emanuel  College,  Cambridge,  took  holy  orders  and 
preached  for  some  time  in  London.  In  1626  he  became 
assistant  to  a  clergyman  at  Chelmsford,  and  officiated  with 
great  reputation  until  silenced  for  Non-conformity  by  Laud, 
then  Bishop  of  London.  He  subsequently  went  to  Hol- 
land, where  he  preached  for  two  or  three  years  at  Delft, 
Amsterdam,  and  Kutterdam,  and  in  1633  emigrated  to  ^ 
Boston,  New  England,  in  company  with  John  Cotton  and 
Samuel  Stone.  In  October  of  the  same  year  he  assumed 
the  charge  of  the  congregation  at  New-Town,  now  Cam- 
bridge, Aiass.,  Mr.  Stone  acting  as  his  assistant.  In  June, 
1036,  in  company  with  Mr.  Stone  and  about  one  hundred 
other  persons,  he  removed  to  "  a  fertile  spot  on  the  banks 
of  the  Connecticut,"  which  they  called  Hartford, — the  name 
by  which  it  is  still  known, — in  honour  of  Mr.  Stone,  who 
was  a  native  of  Hartford,  in  England.  In  his  new  loca- 
tion. Hooker  was  distinguished  by  the  same  unquenchable 
zeal,  untiring  energy,  and  fiery  eloquence,  which  were  hia 
characteristics  from  early  youth,  and  no  name  had  more 
influence  in  the  churches  of  New  England.  He  was  car- 
ried off  by  an  epidemical  fever,  July  7.  16i7,  aged  61. 
John  Higginson  transcribed  from  his  MSS.  about  200  ser- 
mons, and  sent  them  to  England,  and  about  half  of  them 
were  pub.  A  number  of  his  theological  treatises  were  pub. 
belbre  his  death,  and  some  were  posthumous.  Among  the 
best-known  of  his  works  are — A  Survey  of  the  Sum  of 
Church  Discipline,  The  Soul's  Implantation,  The  Applica- 
tion of  Redemption,  and  the  Poor  Doubting  Christian 
drawn  to  Christ. 

1.  Tracts  and  Serms.,  Lon.,  1638.  2.  The  Soul's  Prepa- 
ration for  Christ;  or,  a  Treatise  of  Contrition,  on  Acts  ii. 
37,  1637.  ]2mo  ;  1643.  3.  The  Soul's  Vocation  ;  or,  Effec- 
tual Calling  to  Christ,  1637,  '38.  4to.  4.  The  SoiU's  Im- 
plantation into  Christ,  1637.  5.  Four  Treatises, — viz. :  The 
Carnal  Hypocrite;  Churches  Deliverance;  Deceitfnlness 
of  Sin  ;  and  the  Benefit  of  Afflictions,  1038,  8vo,  6.  The 
Soul's  Possession  of  Christ,  with  a  Serm.  on  2  Kings  xi. 
12,  1638,  8vo.  7.  The  Poore  Doubting  Christian  drawne 
to  Christ,  163S,  18mo.  8.  Of  Self-Denial  and  Self-Trial, 
on  Matt.  xvi.  24,  2  C(n-.  xiii.  5.  and  John  i.  12,  13, 
1640.  9.  The  Pattern  of  Pt^rfection,  1640.  Svo.  10.  The 
Soul's  Humiliation,  on  Luke  xiv.  15.  <tc.,  1640.  11.  fi-irm. 
on  Dent.  xxix.  24,  25.  1644,  4to.  12.  Expos,  of  the  Lord's 
Prayer,  1645,  4to.  13.  The  Saint's  Guide;  in  three  Trea- 
tises, 1645,  Svo.  14.  A  Survey  of  the  Summe  of  Church 
Discipline,  by  Thomas  Hooker  and  John  Cotton,  1648,  4to. 
Pub.  under  the  supervision  of  Dr.  Thomas  Goodwin,  of 
London,  and  highly  commended  by  him.  See  his  Address 
prefixed.  15.  The  Covenant  of  Grace  Opened;  in  several 
Semis.,  1649,  4to.  16.  The  Saint's  Dignity  and  Duty;  in 
several  Serms.,  1651.  17.  The  Spiritual  Rule  of  the  Lord's 
Kingdom.  IS.  The  Application  of  Redemption,  1656;  2d 
ed.,  1651). 

The  death  of  the  excellent  Hooker  was  lamented  as  a 
public  loss,  and  his  virtues  were  celebrated — if  not  in  as 
many  languages  as  those  which  chunted  the  praises  of 
Louis  le  Grand — in  majestic  Latin  and  pathetic  Saxon. 
John  Cotton,  Elijah  Corlet.  Ezekiel  Rogers,  Peter  Bulklcy, 
and  Edward  Johnson,  were  among  those  who  vied  in  epi- 
cedian  strains  over  the  lamented  dead.  The  first-named 
honoured  his  departed  friend  both  in  prose  and  verse; — in 


HOO 

the  former  telling  us  that  Ilooker  "Agmen  ducere  et 
dominari  in  Cuncionibus,  gratia  Spiritus  vSancti  et  virtute 
plenis:"  and  that  bo  was  "Vir  SuK-rtis  et  Acerrimi  ja- 
dicii;"  and  in  the  latter  expressing  himself  in  the  foUow- 
icg  rather  homely  stanzas  : 

"Tw:is  of  Geneva's  heroes  said  with  wonder, 
(Those  wrn-thies  thrct,)  Farul  was  wont  to  thunder, 
Viret  like  rain  on  tender  grass  to  show'r, 
But  CnWin  lively  oracles  to  pour. 
All  these  in  Hooker's  spirit  did  remain, 
A  son  of  thunder  and  a  sbow'r  of  rain ; 
A  povrer-forth  of  lively  oracles, 
lu  saving  souls,  the  sum  of  miracUs." 
"'Tis  that  Hooker,  of  whom  I  may  venture  to  say  that  the  fa- 
mous Romanist  who  wrote  a  book,  I>e  Trihas  Thomas ;  or,  Of  Three 
Thomas's, — meaning   Thomas  the  Apnstle,  Tliomas   Becket,  and 
Sir  Thomas  More,— did  not  a  thousandth  part  so  well  sort  his 
Thomas's,  as  a  New  Kuglander  might  if  he  should  write  a  book, 
De  Daubis  Thomas;  or.  Of  Two  Thoinax's,  and  with  Thomas  the 
Apostle  joyn  our  celebrious  Thomas  Hooker;   my  one  Thomas, 
eveu  our  apostolical  Hooker,  would  in  just  lialanres  wei^rh  down 
two  of  Stapleton's  rebellious  Ar-'hliishnps  or  bifiot.-d   Lord-Chan- 
cellors.   'Tis  he  whom  1  may  call,  as  Theodoret  calk-d  Irenaeus, 
'The  light  of  the  Western  Churches.' "'—  Mather:   Maynaha,  ed. 
1855,  i/333:    The  Life  of  Mr.  Thomas  Honker, 

See  also  Trumbull's  Connecticut;  Mass.  Hist.  Collee., 
vii.  38-^1. 

Hooker,  William,  drauj^htsman  and  engrnver. 
1.  Paradisus  Londinensis  ;  with  Descrip.  by  11.  A.  Salis- 
bury, LSII5~06,  4to.  2.  Pomona  Londinen?is,  181. 'i,  4to, 
2  Nos.  fol.     3.  Con.  to  Trans.  Ilurtic.  Soc,  lbl7. 

Hooker,  Sir  William  Jackson,  K.IL,  P.C.L.,  Di- 
rector of  the  Royal  Gardens  of  Ktw,  formerly  Professor 
of  Botany  in  the  University  of  GIa.s;:row,  has  perhaps  con- 
tributed as  niueli  to  the  di&usion  uf  bis  favourite  science  as 
any  other  living  writer.  1.  Juuinal  of  a  Tour  in  Iceland 
in  1809,  Yarmouth,  ISll,  Svo ;  2d  ed.,  Lon.,  1813,  Svo; 
and  see  Hooker's  Icelandic  Flnra,  in  Sir  (Jeo.  S.  Macken- 
zie's Travels  iu  Iceland  in  1810,  Edin.,  1812,  4to. 

"The  travels  of  this  author,  Mackenzie,  and  Henderson,  would 
eeem  to  leave  nothing  to  be  dL'sired  on  the  subject  of  this  extra- 
Ordinary  island  and  its  inhabitants." — Stevenson's  Voyaycs  aiul 
Travels. 

"In  regard  to  Iceland,  I  trust  that  I  am  equally  satisfying  my 
own  conscience,  and  the  good  taste  of  the  public,  if  I  give  an  un- 
qualified recommendation  of  the  recent  works  upon  this  country 
by  Sir  George  Mackenzie  and  Dr.  Hooker:  gentlemen  competent, 
in  every  respect,  to  the  successful  execution  of  the  tasks  which 
they  undertook." — Dihiliti's  Lib.  Cfmij}. 

2.  Monograph  of  the  British  Jungcrmannise,  Lon.,  1813, 
4to.  3.  British  Jungermannije,  1816,  r.  4to.  New  ed., 
1846,  4to.  4.  Muscologia  Britanuica,  1SI8,  8vo:  1827, Svo; 
in  conjunction  with  T.  Taylor,  M.D.  New  ed.  of  Hooker's 
British  Mosses,  enlarged  by  Wilson,  1855,  Svo.  5.  Musci 
Esotici,  1818,  2  vols.  Svo;  large  paper,  2  vols.  4to.  6. 
Flora  Scotica.  1S21,  Svo.  7.  Botanical  Illustrations,  1822, 
4to.  8.  The  E.xotic  Flora.  Edin.,  1823-27,  3  vols.  r.  Svo. 
"The  Exotic  Flora  by  Dr.  Hooker  is,  like  that  of  all  the  Botanical 
publications  of  the  indefatigable  author,  excellent;  and  it  assumes 
an  appearance  of  finish  aud  perfection  to  which  neither  the  Bo- 
tanical Magazine  nor  Register  can  externally  lay  claim.*' — Louno.v. 
9.  Plates  of  Ferns,  fol.  10.  Botanical  Illustrations,  ob. 
4to.  11.  Supp.  to  Sir  James  Edward  Smith,  M.D.'s,  Eng- 
lish Flora,  being  vol.  v.,  1828,  Svo;  Pt.  1,  by  Sir  W.J.  II.; 
Ft.  2,  by  Sir  W.  J.  H.  and  Rev.  J.  M.  Berkeley  ;  also,  Com- 
pendium to  the  English  Fh:>ra,  new  ed.,  by  Sir  W.  J.  II., 
12mo.  New  cd.  of  Smith's  Introduction  to  Physiological 
and  Systematical  Botany,  by  Sir  W.  J.  H.,  1836,  Svo. 
12.  Flora  Boroali-Americana,  1829-40,  12  Pts,,  2  vols.  r. 
4to,  £S  Ss.  This  valuable  work  is  compiled  principally 
from  the  plants  collected  by  Dr.  Richardson  and  Mr.  Drum- 
mond  during  the  Northern  Expeditions  under  the  command 
of  Sir  John  Franklin.  The  collections  of  Mr.  Douglas 
and  other  naturalists  have  also  been  laid  under  contribu- 
tion. 13.  Icones  Filicum:  Figures  of  Ferns.  See  Ghe- 
TiLLE,  RoDEnT  Kaye,  No.  4.  14.  Botanical  Miscellany, 
1830-33,  3  vols.  r.  Svo.  Ij.  Botany  of  Capt.  Beechey's 
Voyage,  1831-41,  4to;  in  conjunction  with  G.  A.  AV.  Ar- 
nott.  16.  London  Journal  of  Botany;  2d  Ser..  1834-42, 
4  vols.  Svo ;  3d  Ser.,  1842-51,  7  vols.  Svo.  17.  Flora  Lon- 
dinensis.  See  Cuntis,  William,  No.  3.  18.  Icones  Plan- 
tarum,  1837-40,  4  vols.  Svo.  New  Series,  vols,  i.-vi. ;  Pts. 
1  and  2  of  vol.  vi.  issued  in  1864. 

*'  Nothing  can  be  more  interesting  to  a  man  of  science  than  the 
plants  represented  in  these  volumes;  nothing  can  be  in  better 
taste  or  more  faithful  than  the  fiy;ures;  and  it  is  difficult  to  con- 
ceive how  any  thimr  can  be  cheaper." — Loii.  Alhaurum. 

19.  Genera  of  Ferns,  1838-42,  12  Pts.  imp.  Svo.  The 
illustrations  arc  by  the  eminent  botanical  draughtsman, 
Francis  Bauer.  20.  William  Woodville,  M.D.'s,  Medical 
Botany  ;  3d  edit.,  1832,  4  vols.  4to.  Sui)p.  vol.,  being  the 
5th,  entirely  by  Sir  W.J.  Hooker,  to  complete  the  old  edits., 
1838.  4to.     No    one    connected  with   the   *' Healing  Art' 


IIOO 

work  of  the  highest  authority.  21.  Notes  on  Botany  of 
the  Antarctic  Voyage  conducted  by  Capt.  Sir  J.  C.  Ross, 
1843,  Svo.  22.  Species  Filicum,  1846-53,  in  Svo  Pts.;  Pt. 
6  pub.  in  Jan.  1853.  23,  Guide  to  Kew  Gardens,  1847, 
12mo;  1848,  12mo. 

"  A  more  acceptabli^  publication  could  hardly  have  been  issued. 
The  guide,  descriptions,  cuts,  and  plan  of  the  gardens,  are  replete 
with  information,  and  are  all  that  vibitors  could  wish." — Lon.  Lit. 
Gazctt4t. 

24.  Century  of  Orchidaceous  Plants;  with  an  Introduc- 
tion by  John  C.  Lyons,  1848,  Svo,  £5  5*. 

"  In  the  exquisite  illustrations  to  this  splendid  volume  full  jus- 
tice has  been  rendered  to  the  oddly-formed  and  often  brilliantly- 
coloured  Ilowersof  this  curious  and  interesting  tribe  of  plants."— 
^VeAtm^nst^■r  and  Foreign  Quarterly  licview. 

"  The  work  is  enriched  with  a  prefatory  memoir  by  Mr.  Lyons, 
full  of  sound  judgment  and  experience,  on  the  most  approved 
method  of  growing  Orchids." — Lon.  Lit.  Gazette. 

25.  Journal  of  Botany  and  Kcw  Gardens  Miscellany, 
1819-54,  vols.  i.-v.  r.  Svo.  26.  British  Flora;  6th  ed., 
1S50,  12ino  ;  7th  ed..  iu  conjunction  with  G.  A.  W.  Arnott, 
1855,  12mo.  27.  The  Victoria  Regia,  illustrated  by  W. 
Fitch.  1851,  elephant  fol. 

'•  Although  many  works  have  been  devoted  to  the  illustration 
and  description  of  the  Victoria  Regia,  it  seemed  still  to  want  one 
which,  whilst  it  gave  an  accurate  botanical  description  of  the 
plant,  should  at  the  same  time  show  the  natural  size  of  ita 
gigantic  flowers.  This  object  has  been  aimed  at  by  the  combined 
labours  of  Sir  W.  Hooker  and  Mr.  Fitch,  and  with  distinguished 
success.  The  illustrations  are  every  thing  that  could  be  desired 
in  the  shape  of  botanic  drawings.  They  are  accurate,  and  they 
are  beautiful." — Lon.  Athenimm. 

28.  Century  of  Ferns.  1854,  r.  Svo.  29.  The  Rhodo- 
dendrons of  Sikkim-Himalaya;  edited  by  Sir  W.  J.  IL 
See  Hooker,  Joseph  Dalton,  M.D.,  R.N.  No.  3. 
30.  Curtis's  Botanical  Magazine;  Sir  W.  J.  H.,  co-editor. 
See  Curtis,  Samuel;  Curtis,  William.  Sir  W.  J.  H. 
has  also  contributed  papers  to  the  Annals  of  Natural  His- 
tory, (associate  contributors.  Sir  W.  Jardine,  P.  J.  Selby, 
Dr.  Johnston,  and  R.  Taylor,)  a  monthly  magazine  of 
Zoology,  Botany,  and  Geology,  commenced  in  1838,  pub. 
in  London  at  3Us.  per  annum.  He  has  also  been  a  con- 
tributor to  Trans.  Linn.  Soc,  ic. 

Hooker,  Worthiugtoii,  JVI.D.,  b.  1806,  in  Spring- 
fielfl,  Mass..  grad.  Yale  Coll.,  18^5,  Professor  in  Yalo  Col- 
lege.    1.  Physician  and  Patient.  New  York,  12mo, 

"  A  valuable  addition  to  our  medical  literature." — Medical  Exa- 
miner, Philadelphia. 

2.  The  Medical  Profession  and  the  Community,  12mo. 
3.  Lessons  from  the  Hist,  of  Medical  Delusions,  12mo.  A 
prize  Essay.  4.  Homoeopathy:  an  Exam,  of  its  Doctrines 
and  Evidences,  1852. 12mo.  A  prize  Essay.  5.  First  Book 
in  Physiology.  6.  Human  Physiology;  for  Colleges  and 
Schools,  1854,  12mo.  Used  extensively  in  seminaries.  7. 
The  Child's  Book  of  Nature.  1857.  sm.  4to,  8.  Rational 
Therapeutics,  1857, 12mo.  A  prize  Essay.  9.  Child's  Book 
of  Common  Things,  1858,  12mo. 

Ilookes,  Elias.  The  Spirit  of  the  Martyrs  Revived, 
»{ne  anno,  sed  circa  1664,  fol.  Another  ed.,  Lon.,  1719,  Svo. 
Hookes,  Ni,  of  Trin.  Coll.,  Camb.  Amanda;  a  Sa- 
crifice to  an  Unknown  Goddesso,  or  a  Free-will  Offering 
of  a  Loving  Heart  to  a  Sweet-Heart,  Lon.,  1658,  Svo. 
Very  rare.  Bibl.  Anglo-Poet.,373,  £4  10«.  See  Shield's 
Introduction  to  Harmony. 

Ilookhnni.  The  Modern  Husband;  a  Nov.,  Lon., 
1769,  2  vols.  12mo. 

IIoolc,  Mrs.  See  Hofland,  Mrs.  Thomas  Cqristo- 
pher. 

IIoolc,  Charles,  1610-1666,  an  eminent  schoolmas- 
ter, subsequently  rector  of  Stock,  in  Essex,  was  a  native 
of  Witkeficbl,  Yorkshire,  and  educated  at  Lincoln  College, 
Oxford.  He  pub.  several  Latin  Grammars,  and  other 
educational  works,  1649-1702,     See  Athen.  Oxon. 

Hoole,  EHjah,  a  Wesleyan  Missionary.  1.  Madras, 
My.'^ore,  and  the  South  of  India,  1820-28  ;  2d  ed.,  Lon., 
1844,  12mo.     2.  Year-Book,  1847,  Svo. 

Iloole,  John,  1727-1803,  a  native  of  Moorfields,  Lon- 
don, was  for  nearly  40  years — 1744-83 — a  clerk  in  the  East 
India  House.  1.  Trans,  of  Dante'.?  Tasso's  Jerusalem  De- 
livered, Lon..  1763,  2  vols.  Svo.  We  have  already  noticed 
this  translation  in  our  life  of  Fairfax,  Edward,  q.  v. 

"  Among  the  valuable  acquisitions  I  made  about  this  time  [of 
leaving  the  High  School]  was  an  acquaintance  with  Tasso's  Jeru- 
salem, through  thetlat  medium  of  Mr.  Hoole's  translation." — .SVr 
}yalte.r  Scott's  Autobiography. 

"  The  reader  will  observe  in  the  foregoing  spe<-imens  of  Iloole 
how  a  bad  translator  takes  refuge  from  the  real  feelings  of  his 
author  in  vagueness  and  cant  phrases.  .  .  ,  When  Mr.  Hoole  takes 
leave  of  his  author,  it  is  for  want  of  strength  to  accompany  him; 
when  Fairfax  does  it,  it  is  to  lead  you  into  some  beautiful  corner 
of  his  fancy." — Leiuh  Hunt:  Critiqtie  mi  Hiirfax's  Tasso. 

2.  Dramas  of  Metastasio,  1767,  2  vols.  12mo.    Enlarged 


should   be  without  AVoodviile'a 
36 


Medical  Botany.     Il  i^  a  |  ed.,  3  vols.  Svo.    3.  Cyrus ;  a  Tragedy,  1768,  Svo.  Founded 


831 


HOO 


HOP 


on  the  n  Giro  Rioconoscinto  of  Metastasio.    4.  Timnnthes.;  I 
a  Tragedy,  1770,  8vo.      5.  Trans,  of   Ariosto's  Orlando 
Furioso,  with  Notes.  1773-83,  5  vols.  Svo;    1807,  6  vols. 
12mo.     Abridged  cd.,  1791,  2  vols.  Svo. 

"That  vile  version  of  Hoole's.  .  .  .  The  flat  couplets  of  a 
rhymester  like  Hoole." — Robert  Southev  ;  Life,  and  Corresp. 

Mr.  Roscoe  says  of  Ariosto,  "In  the  Orlando  we  admire 
the  poet,  but  in  the  Satires  we  love  the  man  !"  6.  Cleuniaj 
a  Tragedy.  7.  Trans,  of  Tasso's  Rinaldo  ;  a  Poem,  17'J2, 
8vo.  y.  Critical  Essays  of  John  Scott,  of  Amwell;  with 
his  Life,  by  J,  lloole,  1785,  Svo.  Dr.  Johns. -n— with 
whom  our  author  was  intimate — valued  Huole's  abilities 
much  more  highly  than  they  deserved:  see  Fairfax, 
Edward.  Modern  critics,  as  we  have  seen,  have  deducted 
largely  from  the  estimate  of  the  great  lexicographer: 

"  Mr.  Hoole.  the  translator  of  Tasso  and  Ariosto.  and  in  that 
capacity  a  nol.le  transmut^T  of  gold  into  lead.  .  .  .  lie  did  exactly 
so  many  couplets  day  by  day,  neither  more  nor  less;  and  bahit 
had  made  it  lii.'ht  to  him.  however  heavy  it  might  seem  to  the 
reader.'"— Sib  "Walter  Scott:  Diary,  June  4, 1826. 

"  Ben  Jonson  was  a  great,  man,  Hoole  a  very  small  man.  But 
Hoole,  coming  after  Pope,  had  learned  how  to  manufacture  deca- 
syllable  verses,  and  poured  them  forth  hy  thousands  and  tens  of 
thousands,  aU  as  well-timed,  as  smooth,  and  as  like  each  other,  as 
the  blocks  which  have  passed  through  Mr.  Brunei's  mill  in  the 
dock-yard  at  Portsmouth.  Ben's  heroic  couplets  resemldo  blocks 
rudely  hewn  out  by  an  unpractised  hand  with  a  blunt  hatchet. 
Take  as  a  specimen  his  translation  of  a  celebrated  passage  in  the 
.aineid : 

"'This  child  our  parent  earth,  stirred  up  with  spite'.  .  ,  . 
Compare  with  these  jagged  misshapen  disiicbs  the  neat  fabric 
which  Houle's  machine  pi-oduces  in  unlimited  abundance.  We 
take  the  first  lines  on  which  we  open  in  his  version  of  Tasso. 
They  are  neither  better  nor  worse  than  the  rest.'' — T.  B.Macaulay  : 
iitfm.  Rev..  July,  1843;  and/iis  CoHectid  Essays,  Lon..  1854,  iii.  365. 

Bee  Nichols's  Lit.  Anec. ;  BoswcU's  Life  of  Johnson; 
European  Mag.,  1792;  Gent.  Mag.,  vol.  Ixxiii. 

Hoole^  Joseph,   Rector  of  St.  Anne's,  Manchester. 

1.  Admonition  to  Churchwardens,  Lon.,  1727,  12mo.  2. 
Guide  to  Communicants,  1739,  12mo.  3.  Serms.  on  seve- 
ral Important  Subjects,  1748,  2  vols,  Svo. 

Hoole,  Samuel,  minister  of  Poplar,  Ac,  son  of  John 
lloole,  {(ude.)     1.  Modern  Mannera  ;    a  Poem,  1781,  8vo. 

2.  Auiclia;  a  Poem,  1783,  4to.  3.  Serms.,  17S6,  Svo.  4. 
Edward:  a  Poem,  1787,  4to.  5.  Misccll.  Poems,  1790, 
2  vols.  8vo.  6.  Trans,  of  the  Select  Works  of  A.  Van 
Leuwenhoeck,  from  the  Dutch  and  Latin,  1798-1810, 
2  vols.  4to.     7.  Serm.,  18U4,  Svo. 

Hooper,  Edward  James,  b.  1S03,  in  England, 
settled  in  the  United  States  in  1S30,  is  the  author  of  a 
Dictionary  of  Agriculture,  Cincin.,  1842,  edited  lur  several 
years  the  Western  Farmer  and  Gardener,  and  has  been 
for  upwards  of  twenty  years  a  constant  contributor  to 
agricultural  iournals. 

Hooper,'  George,  D.D.,  1640-1727,  a  native  of 
Grimley,  Worcestershire,  was  educated  at  St.  Paul's  and 
.  Westminster  schools,  elected  to  Christ  Church  College, 
Oxford,  1657;  Rector  of  Lambeth,  1675;  Dean  of  Canter- 
bury, 1691;  Bishop  of  St.  Asaph's,  1703;  trans,  to  Bath 
and  Wells,  1704.  He  pub.  a  work  on  Ancient  Measures, 
*Lon.,  1721,  Svo,  anon.  ;  and  a  number  of  serms.  and 
theolog.  treatises,  1681-1713.  A  collective  ed.  of  his 
■works  was  pub.  at  Oxford,  1757,  fob,  by  Dr.  Hunt,  the 
Professor  of  Hebrew. 

"He  was  the  best  scholar,  the  finest  gentleman,  and  would 
make  the  completest  bishop,  that  ever  was  educated  at  Westmin- 
ster school." — Dr.  Busby. 

See  Todd's  Lives  of  the  Deans  of  Canterbury;  Genl. 
Diet;  Burnet's  Own  Times;  Athen.  Oson.  ;  Nichols's 
Atterbury;  Nichols's  Lit.  Anec;  Gent.  Mag.,  vols.  xvii. 
and  Ixii. 

Hooper,  J.  1.  Serm.,  Lon.,  1819,  Svo.  2.  Serms.  to 
Young  People,  1821,  12mo. 

*•  Worthy  to  become  a  standing  work  for  the  instruction  of  suc- 
ceeding generations." — Lon.  thngrrg.  Maij. 

Hooper,  Ja,  The  Hist,  of  the  Rebellion  and  Civil 
Wars  during  the  reign  of  Charles  L,  Lon.,  1738,  fol.  Not 
esteemed. 

Hooper,    James,   M.D.      Medical    treatises,   Lon., 

1778,  '92. 

Hooper,  John,  the  Reformer  and  Martyr,  1495- 
1554,  a  native  of  Somersetshire,  educated  at  Merton  Col- 
lege, Oxford,  was  for  some  time  one  of  the  Cistercians,  or 
White  Monks,  but  subsequently  embraced  the  principles 
of  the  Reformation.  In  1539  he  fled  to  Zurich,  and  re- 
mained abroad  until  the  accession  of  Edward  VI.  In  1550 
he  was  consecrated  Bishop  of  Gloucester,  and  about  two 
years  later  he  had  the  bishopric  of  Worcester  given  to 
him,  in  commcndam.  On  the  accession  of  Mary,  July, 
1553,  he  was  a  prominent  mark  for  the  persecutors;  and, 
Tefusing  to  recant,  he  was  burnt  in  the  city  of  Gloucester, 
1^ 


near  his  own  cathedral,  on  the  9th  of  the  Februnry  en- 
suing. He  was  the  author  of  many  theological  treatises, 
expositions,  and  serms.,  for  an  account  of  which,  see 
Fox's  Martyrs;  Burnet's  Hist,  of  the  Reformation; 
Strype's  Cranmer;  Fathers  of  the  English  Church,  vol. 
v.;  British  Reformers,  vol.  iv.  ;  Tracts  of  Ang.  Fathers, 
vol.  ii.;  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit.;  Wordsworth's  Eccles.  Biog. 
The  reader  must  procure  the  following  collections  of  the 
writings  of  this  excellent  man  : 

Early  Writings,  edited,  with  Biographical  Notice,  Index, 
Ac,  by  S.  Carr,  Camb.,  (Univ.  Press,)  1843,  Svo.  Cunlents  : 
— A  Declaration  of  Christ  and  his  Office  ;  Answer  to  Bishop 
Gardiner;  a  Declaration  of  the  X.  Commandments;  Ser- 
mons upon  the  Prophet  Jonas;  aud  Funeral  Sermon  on 
Rev.  xiv.  13. 

Later  Writings,  together  with  his  Letters  and  other 
Pieces,  edited,  with  Biographical  Notice,  Index,  &c.,  by 
C.  Nevinson,  Camb.,  (Univ.  Press.)  1S52,  Svo.  Contents: 
— A  Lesson  of  the  Incarnation  of  Christ;  Confession  of 
Faith;  Annotations  on  Romans  xiii.;  Copy  of  Visitation 
Book;  Expositions  of  Psalms  xxiii.,  Ixii.,  Ixxiii.,  and 
Ixxvii. ;  Treatise  respecting  Judge  Hales;  Epistola  ad 
Episcopos,  Ac ;  Appellatio  ad  Parliamentum;  Ilyperapis- 
mus  de  vera  Doctrina  et  Usa  Ccente  Domini,  Ac. 

A  new  ed.  of  Bishop  Hooper's  Works,  pub.  by  J.  H. 
Parker,  Oxb^rd,  1855,  2  vols.  Svo. 

A  number  of  Bishop  Hooper's  works  have  been  repub. 
separately  within  the  last  few  years. 

'*  Life  is  sweet  and  death  bitter,''  said  Sir  Anthony  Kingston  to 
Bishop  Hooper  at  the  stake.    "  True,  friend."  replied  Ilonper;  "  but 
the  death  to  come  is  more  Viitter,  and  the  life  to  come  more  sweet." 
Hooper,  John.    Early  Piety  Displayed,  1813,  Svo. 
Hooper,  Rev.  John.     Theolog.  treatises,  1829-31. 
Hooper,  Johnson  J.    1.  Adventures  of  Capt.  Simon 
Suggs,  Phila.,  12mo.     2.  Widow  Rugby's    Husband,  and 
other  Tales  of  Alabama,  iSol,  12mo. 

Hooper,  Joseph.  Medical  treatises,  1782-89. 
Hooper,  Lucy,  1816-1841,  a  native  of  Newburyport, 
Massachusetts,  removed  in  her  15th  year  to  Brooklyn, 
Long  Island,  where  she  resided  until  her  death.  In  early 
life  she  contributed  many  poetical  essays  to  the  Long 
Island  Star,  and  the  New  Yorker,  a  daily  paper;  and  in 
1S40  pub.  a  vol.  of  prose  sketches,  entitled  Scenes  from 
Real  Life.  She  also  gave  to  the  world  at  the  same  time 
An  Essay  on  Domestic  Happiness.  During  her  last  illness 
she  was  preparing  for  publication  a  work  entitled  The 
Poetry  of  Flowers,  which  appeared  shortly  after  her  de- 
cease. In  1842  Mr.  John  Keese  edited  a  collection  of  her 
Literary  Remains,  prefaced  by  a  Memoir;  and  an  enlarged 
edit,  of  her  Poetical  Works  wiis  pub.  in  1848.  Specimens 
;  of  the  poetry  of  this  accomplished  lady  are  given  in  Gris- 
wold's  Female  Poets  of  America,  where  the  reader  will 
lind  eloquent  tributes  to  the  memory  of  Miss  Hooper  from 
John  G.  Whittier,  Henry  T.  Tuckerman,  and  Dr.  John  AV. 
Francis.     See  also  Democratic  Review,  xi.  90. 

Hooper,  Robert,  M.D.,  an  eminent  medical  writer, 
pub.  several  professional  works,  among  which  are — 1.  The 
Anatomist's  Vade-Mecum,  Lon.,  1797,  Svo;  5th  ed.,  1804, 
12mo.  Since  reprinted.  2.  On  Plants,  Oxf.,  1797,  Svo; 
Lon.,  179S,  Svo.  3.  Medical  Dictionary,  179S,  12mo;  8th 
ed.  See  Grant,  Klein,  M.D.  16th  Amer.  ed.,  with  ad- 
dits.  by  Samuel  Akerly,  M.D..  Svo,  N.  York.  4.  Epi- 
demical Diseases,  Lon.,  1803,  Svo.  5.  Physician's  Vade- 
Mecum,  Lon.,  1809,  12mo.  New  eds.,  by  Dr.  Guy,  1S46, 
12mo;  1851,  12mo;  (4th  ed.,)  1853,  12mo.  N.  York,  with 
addits.  by  John  Stewart,  M.D.,  Svo.  6.  Exam,  in  Ana- 
tomy, Physiology,  &c.,  1810,  '14,  12mo.  Since  reprinted. 
7.  Morbid  Anatomy  of  the  Brain,  r.  4to,  S.  Of  the  Uterus, 
r.  4to.  9.  Surgeon's  Vade-Mecum.  See  Dunglison,  Rob- 
ley,  M.D.,  LL.D..  No.  4  of  Works  edited  by  him.  And 
see  Lon.  Mem.  Med.,  1799. 

Hooper,  Wm.,  d.  1767,  a  minister  in  Boston,  Mass., 
pub.  The  Apostles  neither  Impostors  nor  Enthusiasts, 
1742;  and  a  Funl.  Serm.,  1763. 

Hooper,  Wni.,  M.I>.,  trans,  a  number  of  works  from 
the  French  and  German,  Lon.,  1768-77,  and  wrote  Rational 
Recreations  in  Numbers  and  Natural  Philosophy,  1774, 
'87,  '94  ;  each  ed.  in  4  vols.  Svo. 

Hooson,  Wm.  The  Miner's  Dictionary,  Wrexham, 
1747,  Svo.  Criticized  in  a  Letter  by  D.W.  Linden,  Chester, 
1747,  Svo. 

Hope,  Mrs.  Self-Education,  and  the  Formation  of 
Character;  2d  ed.,  Lon.,  1846,  ISmo. 

'*  Mrs.  Hope's  work  shows  that  she  has  studied  the  best  writers 
on  education,  and  her  views  are  decidedly  iu  advance  of  the  age. 
Parents  and  teachers  will  gain  many  useful  hints  from  its  perusal.'' 
— Lon.  Record. 

Other  works. 


nop 

Hope,  Lt.-Col.     Letter  to  the  Volunteers,  1804. 

Hope,  C»  Notes  on  the  Subject  of  Ileanng  Counsel 
in  the  Inner  House,  Edin.,  1826,  8vo. 

Hope,  I.     Brittany  and  the  Bible,  Lon.,  1852,  sq. 

Hope,  Rev.  F,  W.  Coleopterist's  Manual:  Pt.  1, 
Lamellicorn  Insects,  18^7,  8voj  lSo9,  8vo.  Pt.  2,  Prede- 
ceous  Beetles,  1838,  8voj  1845,  8vo.  Pt.  3,  Various  Bee- 
tles, 1841,  8vo. 

"  The  best  and  most  complete  example  of  sjstematic  entomology 
■which  we  have  ever  seen." — Lon.  Lit.  Gaz-tte. 

Hope,  J.  C,  Lutheran  pastor,  S.  Carolina,  pub.  a  work 
on  Universalism. 

Hope,  James,  M.D.,  Physician  to  SL  George's  Hos- 
pital, London,  has  been  already  referred  to  in  our  article 
on  Grant,  Klein,  M.D.,  to  which,  and  authorities  there 
cited,  we  refer  the  reader.  1.  Principles  and  Illustrations 
of  Morbid  Anatomy,  Lon.,  1834,  Svo;  Phila.,  8vo. 

"The  immense  fivld  from  which  Dr.  Hope  has  the  opportunity 
of  ffleaning  a  rich  harvest  as  physician  to  an  institution  where  so 
many  sick  and  aged  are  assembled,  produres  fruits  worthy  of  his 
talents  and  industry." — L<m.  Med.  and  Surg.  Jour. 

2.  Treatise  on  Diseases  of  the  Heart  and  Great  Vessels; 
3d  ed.,  1839,  Svo  ;  4th  ed.,  1848,  12mo  ;  Phila.  edit.,  by  C. 
W.  Pcnnock,  1846,  ISmo.  We  quote  a  few  lines  from  the 
3d  edit. : 

"The  addition  of  one-third  of  new  matter  to  the  present  volume, 
and  the  care  with  which  the  whole  has  been  revised  and  corrected, 
■will,  I  trust,  pufficifntly  prove  my  respect  for  the  favourable  opi- 
nion of  my  professional  brethren,  as  evinced,  not  in  this  country 
only,  but  also  on  the  European  and  American  continents,  by  the 
sale  of  no  less  than  si.x  or  seven  editions  and  translations  in  as 
many  years." — Extract  from  Pre/ace. 

*'VVhen  his  great  work  on  Diseases  cf  the  Heart  was  first  pub- 
lished, the  whole  profession  united  in  commendation  of  its  excel- 
lence; and  in  the  enlarged  and  improved  form  in  which  the  author 
■was  fortunately  enabled  to  reproduce  it  in  a  third  edition,  it  is  now 
universally  acknowledged  to  be  the  best  boob  on  the  subject  in 
any  language." — Brit,  and  Fr/r.  Med.  Jtev. 

"Dr.  Hope  has  produced  the  best  work  on  the  diseases  of  the 
heart  that  has  yet  emanated  from  the  press."' — Lon.  Med.  Gazette. 
Notice  of  the  4th  edit. : 

"  The  publisher  has  judged  widely  in  producing  this  new  edition 
in  a  form  more  convenient  and  les.s  expensive  than  any  of  its  pre- 
decessors. The  value  of  the  book  is  increased  liy  the  addition  of 
some  notes  and  cases  left  in  MS.  by  the  author,  and  directed  by 
him  to  be  inserted  in  this  edition.  For  our  knowledge  of  diseases 
of  the  heart,  we  are  in  no  small  degree  indebted  to  the  zealous 
inquiries  and  pursuits  of  the  lamented  author." — Lon.  Lancet. 

See  an  interesting  account  of  Dr.  Hope's  first  experi- 
ments on  auscultation,  at  St.  George's  Hospital,  in  Ked- 
die's  Cyc.  of  Lit.  and  Scientific  Anec,  Lon.  and  Glasg., 
1854. 

Hope,  John,  M.D.,  1725-1786,  educated  at  the  Univ. 
of  Edinburgh,  and  at  Paris,  was  in  1761  appointed  King's 
Botanist  in  Scotland,  Superintendent  of  the  Royal  Garden, 
and  Professor  of  Botany  and  Materia  Medica,  and  in  178G 
was  nominated  Regius  Professor  of  Botany  in  the  LTniv. 
of  Edinburgh.  He  pub.  a  DL^sert.  in  Phil.  Trans.,  1769, 
on  the  Rheum  Palmatum.  and  another  iu  Phil.  Trans., 
1785,  on  the  Ferula  Apsafo?tida.  At  the  time  of  his  death 
he  left  unfinished  an  extensive  work  on  botany,  which  had 
long  engaged  his  anxious  interest.  See  his  Life,  by  D. 
Duncan,  Medical  Commentaries,  Dec.  ii.,  vol.  iii.  The 
shrub  Hoped  was  so  named  by  Linnxus  in  compliment  to 
Dr.  Hope. 

Hope,  John.  Letters  on  Certain  Proceedings  in 
Parliament,  1769-70,  Lon.,  1772,  Svo. 

Hope,  John.  Thoughts  in  Prose  and  Verse,  1780, 
Svo. 

Hope,  John.     Letters  on  Credit.  Lon.,  1784,  Svo. 
"This  puViliration  is  of  very  little  value." — McCullocfi's  Lit.  of 
Pulit.  £r,m..  r/.  V. 

Hope,  John.  Letter  to  the  Lord-Chancellor  on  the 
Claims  of  the  Church  of  Scotland,  Edin.,  1839,  8vo. 

Hope,  L.     Essay  on  Consumption. 

Hope,  Sir  Thomas,  d.  1646,  a  Scotch  lawyer,  was 
the  son  of  Henry  Hope,  a  merchant  of  Edinburgh,  and 
subsequently  of  Holland,  where,  as  in  England,  the  family 
have  been  distingui.^hed  for  two  centuries.  1.  Carmen 
Secularein  SerenissimumCaroIumL.Brit.  Monarch.  Edin., 
1626.  4lo.  2.  Psalmi  Davidis  et  Canticum  Sulomonis,  La- 
tino Carmine  red<litum,  MS.  3.  Major  Practicks.  4.  Mi- 
nor Practieks  ;  or,  a  Treatise  of  the  Scotch  Law,  «4;c.,  edited 
by  J.  Spottiswood,  1726,  *34,  Svo.  A  valuable  work.  5. 
Decisions.  6.  Paratitilio  in  universo  Juris  Corpore.  7.  A 
Genealogie  of  the  Earls  of  Mar,  MS.  There  are  several 
of  his  MSS.  in  the  Advocates'  Library,  Edinburgh.  The 
Diary  of  hi.-^  Puidic  Correspondence,  1633-45,  was  pub.  by 
the  Bannatyne  Club,  1843,  4to.  See  Pinkerton's  Scottish 
(Jallery;  Wood's  Account  of  the  Parish  of  Cramond  ; 
Chambers  and  Thomson's  Biog.  Diet,  of  Eminent  Scots- 
men. 


nop 

"nnpius  mira  inventione  poUebat,  totque  lUi  fundebat  arf^a- 
meuto  ut  arapliticatione  tempus  deesaet;  non  ornaliat,  sed  ar^^ue- 
bat,  niodo  uuiformi,  sed  sibi  proprio.  Nam  cum  argumeotum  vel 
exceptionem  protulisset,  ratioiiem  addebat:  et  ubi  dubia  videba- 
tur.  rationis  rationem.  Ita  rhetorica  mm  illi  defuit,  sed  inutilis 
apparuit." — Sir  Gkorge  Mackenzie:  C/iarart^:r'-s  Adcocatorum. 

Hope,  Thomas,  M.D.  1.  Operation  on  the  Eye; 
Phil.  Trans.,  1744.  2.  Daviel's  Method  of  Couching,  ibid., 
1751. 

Hope,  Thomas,  d.  1831,  of  the  same  family  as  Sir 
Thomas  Hope,  (ante,)  was  one  of  the  three  brothers  of  this 
name  well  known  as  wealthy  merchants  of  Amsterdam. 
The  subject  of  our  notice  devoted  a  considerable  time, 
whilst  still  quite  young,  to  extensive  peregrinations  in 
various  parts  of  Europe,  Asia,  and  Africa,  and,  after  retir- 
ing from  business,  purchased  two  spacious  mansions,  one 
in  Duchess  Street,  London,  and  the  other  {"Deepdene") 
in  the  vicinity  of  Dorking.  Thus  permanently  settled  in 
England,  Mr.  Hope  soon  rendered  his  residences  famous  as 
choice  g.alleries  of  the  finest  specimens  of  art.  The  reader 
will  find  an  account  of  Mr.  Hope's  town-mansion  in  Britton 
and  Pugin's  Public  Buildings  of  London,  and  in  West- 
macott's  Account  of  the  British  Galleries  of  Painting  and 
Sculpture.  For  a  description  of  "Deepdene,"  see  Aubrey's 
Pernmbulation  of  the  County  of  Surrey  ;  Neale's  Seats  of 
Noblemen  and  Gentlemen  ;  and  Prosser's  Views  in  Surrey. 
The  owner  of  all  this  magnificence  died  February  3, 1831, 
leaving  a  personal  property  of  £180,000.  To  give  some 
idea  of  the  vast  wealth  of  members  of  this  family,  we  may 
state  that  Henry  Philip  Hope,  a  brother  of  the  subject  of 
this  notice,  left  at  his  death,  in  1840,  a  collection  of  dia- 
monds and  other  precious  stones  valued  at  £150,000,  and 
an  income  of  £30,000  to  each  of  his  three  nephews.  A 
younger  member  of  this  family  has  within  the  last  few  years 
built  a  church  and  a  missionary-institution  iu  Loudon  at  a 
cost  of  about  £70,000. 

Mr.  Hope's  love  of  the  fine  arts,  classical  enthusiasm, 
and  exquisite  perception  of  the  beautiful  in  articles  of 
use  as  well  as  in  the  appliances  of  luxury,  were  developed 
in  several  publications,  which  have  deservedly  given  him 
a  high  rank  as  an  author.  1.  A  Letter  addressed  to  F. 
Annesley,  Esq.,  on  a  Series  of  Designs  for  Downing  Col- 
lege, Cambridgeshire.  See  Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  183L  2. 
Household  Furniture  and  Internal  Decorations ;  executed 
from  Designs  by  the  Author,  Lon..  1807,  r.  foL,  £5  5*. 
Large  paper,  atlas  fol..  £10  10s.  Pp.  173.  This  work 
was  unmercifully  handled  by  Lord  Jeffrey  iu  the  Edin. 
Rev.,  X.  478-486. 

"  If  the  salvation  of  Europe  depended  on  Mr.  Hope's  eloquence, 
he  could  not  have  exerted  it  with  more  earnestness  and  anima- 
tion: and  we  are  convinced  that  neither  the  restorers  of  learning 
nor  the  reformers  of  religion  ever  spoke  of  their  subject  in  terms 
half  so  masnificent,  nor  of  their  own  abilities  with  such  studied 
and  graceful  modesty,  as  this  inf:enious  person  has  here  done  in 
recommending  to  his  countrymen  a  better  form  for  their  lamps, 
sideboards,  and  cradles." — Lord  Jeffrey:  ubi  supra;  and  see 
Lon.  Month.  Rev..  Iviii.  175-181. 

But,  notwithstanding  the  dread  reviewer's  wit,  this  work 
led  the  way  to  a  complete  revolution  in  the  upholstery 
and  interior  decoration  of  houses: 

"To  Mr.  Hope  we  are  indebted  in  an  eminent  degree  for  the 
classical  and  appropriate  style  which  now  generally  characterizes 
our  furniture  and  domestic  utensils." — Britl<nVs  Union  of  Faint- 
ing, Sculpture,  arid  Architecture. 

3.  The  Costume  of  the  Ancients.  Engravings  princi- 
pally by  H.  Moses,  1809,  r.  8vo;  large  paper,  4to;  2d  ed., 
with  about  300  plates,  1812,  2  vols.  Svo,  £2  2s. ;  large 
paper,  2  vols.  r.  4to,  £5  5«.  New  ed.,  with  about  340 
plates.  1841,  2  vols.  r.  Svo,  £2  12*.  f)d.  On  the  publica- 
tion of  this  expensive  work,  Mr.  Hope  sacrificed  £1000 
of  the  cost,  in  order  to  put  the  price  at  a  low  rate. 

'■The  substance  of  many  espeu.sive  works,  containing  all  that 
may  be  necessai-y  to  give  to  artists,  and  even  to  dramatic  per- 
formers, and  to  others  engaged  in  classical  representations,  an 
idea  of  ancient  costumes  sufficientl}'  ample  to  prevent  their 
offending  in  their  performances  by  gross  and  obvious  blunders." 

4.  Designs  of  Modern  Costumes,  1812,  foL  Engravings 
by  H.  Moses. 

"These  works  [N'os.  3  and  4]  evinced  a  profound  research  into 
the  works  of  antiquity,  and  a  familiarity  with  all  that  is  graceful 
and  elegant.*' — Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  April,  1S3I ;  q.v.  for  an  interests- 
ing  biography  of  Mr.  Hope. 

5.  Anastasius,  or  Memoirs  of  a  Modern  Greek,  written 
at  the  Close  of  the  Eighteenth  Century,  1819,  3  vols.  Svo ; 
3d  ed.,  1820,  3  vols.  Svo.  Anon.  Reprinted— Bentley'a 
Standard  Novels,  5  and  52 — 1839,  2  vols.  12mo;  again  in 
1849.  This  novel  is  of  the  school  of  Beckford  and  Byron  j 
displaying  a  vivid  imagination,  remarkable  powers  of 
graphic  description,  a  cultivated  classical  taste,  and  a 
minute  accuracy  in  the  accounts  of  Eastern  climes  and 
Oriental  manners.  The  author  is,  however,  justly  to  be 
blamed  for  the  licentious  tone  so  oftea  obtruded  on  his 

SJi3 


nop 

readers.  As  the  work  appeared  anonymously,  the  author- 
ship was  for  some  time  a  matter  of  doubt.  A  writer  in 
Blackwood  (X.  200-2U6,  in  Familiar  Epistles  to  Christo- 
pher North,  Letter  11)  ridiculed  the  idea  of  Hope's  pro- 
ducing such  a  work : 

"Mr.  llopi-  is  a  very  respectable  and  decorous  gentU-m.in,— ho 
can  write,  with  some  endeavour,  passably  about  chesls  ol  drawers, 
pa  per- ban  Kings,  and  cushions  as  sort  as  bis  own  or  any  other 
brains;  but  tliat  he  h.is  either  the  courage  or  the  power  to  compile 
Bucli  aworlt  as  Anastasius,  I  utterly  and  entirely  deny.  .  .  1 
would  call  your  attention  to  a  few  circumstances  that,  1  conceive 
you  will  allow,  constitute  strong  proofs  that  Anastasius  is  the 
production  of  Byron." 

This  Epistle  elicited  a  letter  from  Hope,  in  the  next 
number  of  the  Magazine,  (x.  312,)  in  which  ho  claimed 
Uie  sole  authorship  of  Anastasius.  See  also  Blackwood's 
Mag.,  XV.  51.  From  the  many  reviews  before  us,  by 
eminent  critics,  of  this  reniarkablo  medley  of  Oriental 
romance  and  classic  travel,  we  have  space  "for  but  brief 
quotations : 

"This  is  an  extraordinary  work  in  every  sense  of  that  word. 
....  It  seems  to  be  the  object  of  the  wiiter  to  unite  the  enter- 
tainment of  a  novel  wilh  the  information  of  a  book  of  travel.s. 
....  Anastasius  and  the  volumes  which  record  his  memoirs 
form  a  paradox  of  contradiction.  The  Greek  adventurer  is  acute 
and  du  I,  generous  and  niggardly,  tender-hearted  and  cruel;  and 
the  tjook,  in  harmony  with  its  hero,  is  rational  and  absurd,  pro- 
found and  shallow,  amusing  and  tiresome,  to  a  degree  beyond 
what  we  should  have  thought  it  possible  to  achieve  in  the  same 
perlormance.  if  we  bad  not  seen  it  exemplified  in  the  author  be- 
loreus.  — WiuiamGiffohd:  Lrm.  Qimr.  Itev.,  xxiv.  611-62U 

'  Mr.  Ilope  will  excuse  us.— but  we  could  not  help  exclaiminc, 
in  reading  it,  'Is  this  Mr.  Thomas  Hope?— Is  this  the  man  of 
chairs  and  tables— the  gentleman  of  sphinxes— the  CEdipus  of 
coal-boxes— he  who  meditated  on  mutBneers  and  nlannpd  nnker«» 


HOP 


— .....  ....„  ^au,„— lue  geniienian  oi  spninxes— the  tKdipus  of 

coa  -boxes— he  who  meditated  on  mutBneers  and  planned  pokers? 
—Where  has  he  hidden  all  this  eloquence  and  poetry  up  to  this 
hour?.-llow  IS  it  that  be  has,  all  of  a  sudden,  burst  out  into 
descriptions  which  would  not  disgrace  the  pen  of  Tacitus— and 
disp  ayed  a  depth  of  feeling,  and  a  vigour  of  imagination,  which 
Lord  Byron  could  not  excel?'     We  do  not  shrink  from  one  syl- 
lable ot  this  enlogium.     The  work  now  before  us  places  him 'at 
once  in  the  highest  list  of  eloquent  writers  and  of  superior  men 
....  ihesuniof  oureulogium  is  that  Mr.  Hope,  without  being 

very  successful  in  his  story,  or  remarkably  successful  in  the  delinea- 
tion of  character,  has  written  a  novel,  which  all  clever  people  of  a 
certain  age  should  read,  because  it  is  full  of  marvellously  fine 
isJ7-  r.??L"' *■"""  =  ■»''■«••«£''■,  XXXV.  92-102;   Works,  Lon., 

That  profound  classical  scholar  and  accomplished  belles- 
lettres  critic,  Edward  Everett,  of  Massachusetts,— still, 
fortunately  for  our  national  reputation,  living  amongst  us 
in  the  maturity  of  his  extraordinary  powers,  and  hardly 
even  yet  become  "  the  uld  man  eloquent,"— wrote,  nearly 
forty  years  ago,  for  the  columns  of  the  North  American 
Keview  an  elaborate  review  of  Anastasius,  which  choice 
piece  of  criticism  we  beg  to  commend  to  the  perusal  of  our 
readers.  As  regards  the  work  reviewed,  we  can  hardly 
advise  so  general  a  perusal. 

In  the  words  of  Mr.  Everett: 

neru^^'l  '"'L^il''''''  '?  ■■'■=°"'",';"t  the  book  itself  to  indiscriminate 
perusal.  Some  parts  are  dull  and  some  offensive;  and  the  whole 
sLidSv'Tl,  """  8™8™r'=i<'''l  knowledge,  to  be  read  under- 
slandlngly  than  can  be  supposed  to  be  in  the  possession  of 
general  readers.  For,  notwithstanding  what  we  have  said  of  the 
elevated  character  of  the  novel-writing  of  the  present  day,  vve 
presume  no  one  reads  a  novel  with  a  map.  fl  ithout  a  very  good 
Slfb^d"'"',""""',-""'"'-"'"'"'''^-  •  •  Th«»utho,  h'a"cr°, 
ru^tl  T.  A'^'';''  '°  l  I'^""i™-'^«'SS  equally  immoral  and  djs- 
5  ^  „~^-  -"""■•  ■''"'■•  Oa-  1820,  xi,  271-30e.  See  also  Lon 
Month.  Hev.,  xci.  1,  131 ;  Edin.  Month.  Rev.,  iv  f^3 

and  Xo,''r'„'V ';,"'■''  t'"*  ".''"''•''  '"""'■y-  ""<'  niiiulains  the  spirit 
tiulh  Th  f,h»'«-ters  with  remarkable  consistency  and 

ti  nth.  .  .  .  The  faults  of  the  work  are  twolold :  the  chief  clia- 
racter  is  a  cold-hearted  scoundrel,  whom  we  loathe  from  our  sou  ■ 
and  the  language  is  neither  prose  nor  p..etry,  but  a  "'^>•'""' 

_,  ,  .   ,  "'Babylonish  dialect 

"  hich  learned  pedants  most  affect '" 
ALl.*j,^C0NmN0HAM;  Brog.  and  Crit.  Hist.  ./ th.  La.  of  the  Last 

.re!^u  \^lf  ^-^"n  tb.at  Lord  Byron  generally  obtained  the 
credit  of  the  authorship  of  Anastasius  • 

T „"]\^''" '^■'"stasios first  made itsappearance, everybody  thou.'ht 
Lord  Byron  was  taking  to  write  prose:  for  there  was  no  li^Tng 
."hnnl'  '■"  .l''"-'J„«J  ™°  i^uPPOscd  Capable  of  having  written  sirh 
Tr,  ^u^"  "■"''°  ■^""'"'^  *■>"  '™''<-  ("od,  in  fact,  his  lordshin 
could  not  have  written  it,)  people  looked  about  again  and  won^ 
dered  who  the  author  could  be.  .  .  .  The  book  was  abs^luteU  cram- 
med with  bold  incidents  and  brilliant  descriptions,  with  h  stoiS 
debails.  given  in  a  style  which  lIumeorGibbon  cou  d  sc.wih  have 
Burp.,.s.sed,  and  with  analysis  of  human  character  andtapnlse 

Such  being  the  character  of  the  work,  we  need  not  be 
surprised  that  Lord  Byron  was  not  offended  with  the  im- 
putation of  Its  authorship: 

"Byron  spoke  to-day  in  terms  of  high  commendation  of  Hone's 
Anastasius;  said  that  he  wept  bitterly  over  many  page,  of  t  ?nd 
for  two  reasons :-lirst,  that  he  had  not  written  itfand  secondly 
that  ifopr^ad;  for  that  it  was  necessary  to  like  a  ^an  exceSy 


to  pardon  his  writing  such  a  book.-a  book,  as  he  said,  excellinff 
ni  ""iTi  productions. as  much  in  wit  and  talent  as  in  true  pathos 
He  added  tha    he  would  have  given  his  two  most  approved  poems 

A^^i  ""!  .'',■"«  of  '"'s  'Icalii  Mr.  Hope  left  two  works  in 
c  A  "!!.''  "'""  *'"'i*f<l"e'ilI.V  given  to  the  world,  viz. : 
b.  An  lissay  on  the  Origin  and  Prospects  of  Man,  1831 
3  vols,  bvo.  This  work  affords  a  striking  illustration  of 
the  absurdities  into  which  chimerical  speculations  and  the 
Tag.anes  of  an  unbalanced  imagination  will  hurry  men 
whose  education  and  opportunities  would  have  promised 
bet  er  thing..-  Mr.  Hope,  whilst  discarding  the  authority 
of  the  Holy  Scriptures,  offers  us  instead  of  them  the  un- 
supported e.xcogitalions  of  his  own  not  very  sober  brain 
Ho  professes,  indeed,  to  believe  the  Bible— just  so  far  as 
he  finds  It  to  consist  with  his  own  notions  of  truth.  Bui 
the  folly  and  incongruity  of  the  author's  speculations  have 
been  so  well  exposed  by  Robert  Southey,  in  his  letter  to 
Henry  Taylor  of  July  15,  1861,  (see  Southey's  Life  and 
Correspondence,)  that  we  may  be  excused  from  lingering 
on  the  subject.  A  review  of  the  work-of  about  as  littli 
value  as  the  book  itself-will  be  found  in  the  Lon.  Month. 
Rev.  for  July,  1831,  390-405. 

7.  Au  Historical  Essay  on  Architecture:  illustrated  bv 
Drawings  made  by  him  in  Italy  and  Ucrmany,  1835,  2 
vols,  hvo ;  3d  ed.,  18-10,  2  vols.  r.  Svo,  99  Plates,  £2  •  Ana- 
lytical Index  to,  by  Edward  Cresy,  r.  8vo,  6,.  An  elabo- 
rate  review  of  this  work  will  be  found  in  Lon.  Gent.  Mag 
for  June,  1835.  The  critic  styles  Hope's  Es=ay 
Mi"i  u  T°''  comprehensive  elucidation  of  the  architecture  of  the 
Middle  Ages  which  has  ever  appeared  in  this  country  " 

Hope,  ■Thomas  Charles,  M.D.,  Professor  of  Che- 
mistry in  the  Univ.  of  Edinburgh.  1.  Tentamen  Inaug. 
qua^dam^de  Planetarum  Motibns  et  Vita,  complectenl 
Edin.,  1,87,  Svo.  2.  On  Strontian  Earth,  1793,  4to  3 
ton.  on  nat.  philos.,  Ac.  to  Trans.  Soc,  Edin.,  1796. 1805  • 
Kic.  Jour.,  1803,  '05.  ' 

Hope,  Sir  William,  Bart.  1.  Complete  Fencing- 
Master    Lon.,  1691,  12mo;    1692,  8vo.     2.  Swordsman's 

S  "^^'or,'/^-'-*'  ^-""'  ^-  ^""^  M''"^°d  "f  Fencing, 
^f^^-,p07,'U.-ito.  4.  Self-Defence,  1724,  Svo.  5.  Trant 
of  teolleysell  s  Conipleat  Horseman,  1696,  fol  •  1717  fol 
Abridged,  1711,  8vo.  '       ' 

u"."''^'..,"''''?'"'   ^■''^-    Operative    Chemist.      The 
Practical  Chemists  Pocket  Guide,  Lon.,  1839   32mo 
wJ'  mn'!'""'  ^,^°'^'^^  '"  ""i^'"" "  general  knowledge  of  Chemistry, 
2«<W.^      ^^  ^  recommend  this  pocket  manSaf-iiierpi,! 

Hopkins.  A  Large  Bone  of  the  Stag  Kind:  Phil. 
Irans.,  17o2. 

Hopkins,  Benjamin,  Curate  of  Keyworth,  Notts, 
Perpetual  Curate  of  Barbon.     Serms.,  Lon.,  1838  •  'd  ed 
Lon.,  1838,  8vo;   1841,  '42.  ' 

Wilson  Evrx*"''""^  '°  ""'  ^^°'^  °^  domestic  sermons."— Rev.  R. 
Hopkins,  Charles,  1664-1699,  a  son  of  Bishop  Eze- 
kiel  Hopkins,  was  a  native  of  Exeter,  and  educated  at 
irmity  College,  Ilubliu,  and  Queen's  College,  Cambridge. 
1.  Epistolary  Poems  and  Translations,  1694.     In  Nichols's 

IM^T"-  1  •rr'^'''",';"''  ^""S  of  Egypt;  a  Trag.,  Lon., 
1695,  4to.  3.  The  Hist,  of  Love;  from  Ovid,  1695.  4. 
,JL"\  ^""t-  J-  Boadicea,  Queen  of  Britain  ;  a  Trag., 
1097,  4to.  6.  Friendship  Improved;  a  Trag.,  1697,  1700, 
4to.  bee  Jacobs-s  Lives  ;  Biog.  Dramat. ;  Nichols's  Poems. 
Hopkins,  David,  of  the  Bengal  Jledical  Establish- 
ment, d.  at  Samaiang,  in  the  island  of  Java,  1814.  1.  The 
Dangers  of  British  India,  1809,  '13,  Svo.     2.  A  Vocabu- 

p  w"ii  •  •'""i'  ^Z",'''"'  '""^  English;  abridged  from  Dr. 
C.  Wilkmss  ed.  of  Richardson's  Dictionary. 

..1  ,P.I"'*'  ^^"^  I^i^nslus,  b.  ISIO,  at  Hadley,  Mass., 
settled  three  years  in  South  Carolina,  and  four  years  in 
iroy,  New  ^ork,  was  for  seven  years  President  of  the 
C^onnecticut  River  Railroad  Company,  and  has  represented 
the  town  of  Northampton  in  the  Massachusetts  Legislature 
for  seven  years  out  of  the  last  ten.  He  is  the  author  of 
ihe  I'amily  a  Religious  Institution,  Troy,  1840;  a  num- 
ber of  Political  Speeches,  Reports,  Ac;  and  some  articles 
in  the  political  and  religious  periodicals  of  the  day. 

Hopkins,  Ezekiel,  1633-1690,  a  native  of  Sandford. 
Devonshire,  educated  at  Magdalen  College,  Oxford,  became 
minister  of  St.  Mary  Woolnoth,  London,  and  subsequently 
of  St.  Mary  s,  Exeter;  Dean  of  Raphoe,  1669;  Bishop  of 
Kaphoe,  Ibil;  trans,  to  Londonderry,  1681.  In  1688  ho 
was  driven  from  his  diocese  by  the  forces  under  the  Eail 
of  lyreonncl ;  and,  taking  refuge  in  London,  he  was  elccte.l 
minister  of  Aldermanbury  in  September,  1689,  and  thcio 
remained  until  his  death,  June  22,  1690.  His  writings  are 
greatly  admired  even  by  those  who  do  not  share  his  t'al- 


HOP 


HOP 


Vinistic 


doctrines.     I.  Treatise  of  the  Vanity  of  the  TTorld,  1  3.  The  Primitive  Church  compared  with  the  Prot.  Epis. 


lCf.3.  2.  Funl.  Serm.,  IOCS.  3.  Fnnl.  Scvm.,  1671.  4.  ; 
Ileatb  Disarmed  of  its  Sting.  Ac,  1679,  1712,  Svo.  Nos. 
1,  2,  and  3  were  reprinted  (2d  ed.)  in  1  vol.  Svo,  in  1685. 
5.  Serms.  on  Several  Scriptures,  1691,  vol.  ii.,  1693;  iii., 
1694 ;  iv.,  1G96,  all  Svo.  6.  E.xpos.  on  the  Lord's  Prayer, 
with  some  Scnns.,  1692,  '98,  Svo.  7.  Expos,  on  the  Ten 
Comniaiulments,  with  other  Serms.,  1692,  4to.  8.  Expos. 
on  Ibe  Ten  Coiuniandments,  with  the  Expos,  of  the  Lord's 
Prayer;  and  other  Serms.,  1692,  4to,  pp.  822.  9.  Whole 
Works,  now  fir.-it  collected,  1701,  fol.  The  two  following 
Svo  vols.,  first  pub.  from  the  author's  MSS.  in  1712,  are 
necessary  to  complete  the  fol.  of  1701.  10.  Doctrine  of 
the  TwoCovenants,  Ac.  11.  Doctrine  of  the  Two  Sacra- 
ments. &e.  Watt  (Bibl.  Brit.)  s.ays  that  there  was  .another 
fol.  ed.  in  1710 ;  but  this  is  disputed.  If  not,  there  was  no 
cd.  later  than  that  of  1701,  until  the  appearance  of  the 
Rev.  Josiah  Pratt's  ed.  of  1809,  4  vols.  Svo,  £1  16«.;  large 
paper,  4  vols.  r.  Svo,  £2  10s.  New  ed.,  with  a  Memoir  of 
the  Author,  1841,  r.  Svo,  ISs. ;  also,  with  a  General  Inde-X 
of  Texts  and  Subjects,  1841,  2  vols.  r.  Svo,  £1  4s.  An- 
other ed.,  1843,  2  vols.  r.  Svo,  £1  1«.  There  have  been 
recent  edits,  of  a  number  of  Bp.  Hopkins's  works,  pub. 
separately  ;  and  iu  1827  the  Rev.  W.  Wilson,  D.D.,  pub.  a 
Selection  from  tlic  Works  of  Bishop  Hopkins,  with  a  brief 
Sketch  of  his  Life,  Lon.,  ISmo. 

"Hopkins's  motto,  aut  siiai'iter  aut  vU  well  answered  his  works  : 
yet  he  trusted  most  to  the  latter,  awakening  men  awfully;  yet 
Bometimes  he  bent  the  bow  till  it  broke ; — an  error  greatly  to  be 
guarded  afr-*inst," — Da.  DoDDisinCE. 

"  lie  was  one  of  the  last  of  that  race  of  sound  divines  to  which 
the  Reformation  j^ave  biitb.  and  who.  in  uninterrupted  succession, 
had  maintained  in  the  episcopal  chair  the  genuine  doctrines  of  the 
Scripture  and  the  English  church.  .  .  .  Four  excellencies  appear  Uy 
me  to  be  combined  iu  him  as  a  writer.  In  doctrine  he  is  sound 
and  discriminating ;  in  style  rich  and  harmonious ;  in  illustration 
apt  and  forcible;  and  in  application  awakening  and  persuasive." — 
Rev.  Josiah  Pratt. 

"  His  Works  form  of  themselves  a  sound  body  of  diviuity,  with 
some  of  the  faults  of  the  day  in  artificial  distinctions  and  divi- 
BioDs.  He  is  clear,  vehement,  and  persuasive." — BicktrsUtiCs  C.  S. 
*'  Whatever  be  the  nature  of  the  subject  on  which  he  treats,  bis 
hand  is  inetinctivelv  seen  to  be  that  of  a  master:  throughout  we 
find  a  strength  of  thought,  an  originality  of  illustration,  a  force 
and  felicity  of  style,  a  homely  raciness  of  expression,  which  com- 
mand perpetual  attention." — Lon.  Witmss. 

''  In  Hopkins  we  are  struck  with  the  use  of  strong  and  forcible 
imagery  in  the  illustration  of  his  positions.  His  style  is  plain, 
fiimiliar,  and  perspicuous,  and  yet  withal  forcible  and  nervous. 
His  chief  excellence  is  that  he  can  be  plain  and  energetic  almost 
at  the  same  time.  We  recommend  him  strongly  to  the  younger 
elei'gy." — Lon.  Chris.  Ohsfrv. 

'■'rhe  fervent  and  affectionate  Hopkins." — Rev.  .Tames  Hervet. 
"Bishop  Hopkins,  for  his  e-xcellency  in  that  noble  liiculty  [of 
preaching]  was  celebrated  by  all  men.  He  was  followed  and  ad- 
mired in  all  places  where  he  lived,  and  was  justly  esteemed  one 
of  the  best  preachers  of  our  age.  and  bis  discourses  alw.ays  smelt 
of  the  lamp:  they  were  very  elaboiate  and  well  digested." — 
Prince's  W^:rlhi''S  uf  Dfvvn. 

Hopkins,  H.  W.  Serm.,  Lon.,  1796,  Svo. 
Hopkins,  John,  b.  1675,  a  son  of  Bishop  Ezekiel 
Hopkins.  1.  The  Triumphs  of  Peace,  or  The  Glories  of 
Nassau  ;  a  Pindaric  Poem,  1698.  2.  The  Victory  of  Death ; 
a  Pindaric  Poem,  1698,  Svo.  3.  Amasia,  or  The  Works  of 
the  Muses;  a  Collection  of  Poems,  1700,  3  vols.  This  is 
his  principal  performance.  See  Nichols's  Poems;  Chal- 
mers's Biog.  Diet. 

Hopkins,  John,  the  principal  successor  of  Thomas 
Sternhold  in  versifying  the  Psalms  of  David,  was  admitted 
A.B.  at  Oxford  in  1544.  and  is  supposed  to  have  been  sub- 
sequently a  clergymau  and  schoolmaster  in  Suifolk.  He 
versified  fifty-eight  of  the  Psalms,  which  bear  his  initials. 
The  complete  version  was  first  printed  (by  John  Day)  in 
1562,  4to,  though  portions  had  appeared  before. 

"Of  his  abilities  as  a  teacher  of  the  classics,  he  has  left  a  speci- 
men in  some  Latin  stanzas  prefixed  to  Fox's  IIartvrologt.  He  is 
rather  a  better  English  poet  than  Sternhold." — Warton's  Bist.  nf 
Eng.  I^d.,  q.  v. 

See  also  Athen.  Oxon ;  Heylin's  Hist,  of  the  Reform.; 
Hawkins  and  Burney's  Hist,  of  Music  ;  Chalmers's  Biog. 
Diet.,  and  authorities  there  cited;  Cotton's  edits,  of  the 
Bible,  Ac. ;  Disraeli's  Curiosities  of  Lit. ;  Sternhold, 
Thosi.is,  in  this  Dictionary. 

Hopkins,  John  Henry,  D.D.,b.  in  Dublin,  Ireland, 
Jan.  30,  1792,  emigrated  to  the  United  States,  August, 
1800;  educated  chiefly  in  Philadelphia;  admitted  to  the 
Pittsburg  Bar,  1817;  ordained  de.acon  in  the  Protestant 
Episcopal  Church,  1823;  ordained  priest,  1S24;  Rector 
of  Trinity  Church,  Pittsburg,  1823-31,  in  which  year  he 
removed  to  Boston  as  assistant  minister  of  Trinity  Church  ; 
consecrated  (the  first)  Bishop  of  Vermont,  1832.  1.  Chris- 
tianity Vindicated.  Burlington,  Vt.,  1833,  12mo.  2.  The 
Primitive  Creed  Eiamined  and  Explained,  1834,  12mo. 


Church  of  the  Present  Pay,  lS3,'i.  12mo  ;  2d  cd.,  revised 
and  improved,  1836,  12mo.  4.  Essay  on  Gothic  Archi- 
tecture, 1836,  r.  4to.  5.  The  Church  of  Rome  in  her 
Primitive  Purity  compared  with  the  Church  of  Rome  of 
the  Present  D.ay,  1837,  12mo;  Lon.,  with  an  Introduc.  by 
Rev.  Henry  Melvill,  1839,  p.  Svo.  6.  The  Novelties  which 
distuib  our  Peace,  Phila..  1844,  12mo;  2d  ed.,  1845,  12mo. 

7.  Sixteen  Lccts.  on  the  British  Reformation,  1844,  12mo. 

8.  The  Hist,  of  the  Confessional,  N.  York,  1860,  12mo.  9. 
The  End  of  Controversy  Controverted:  a  Refutation  of 
Milner's  End  of  Controversy  ;  in  a  scries  of  Letters  ad- 
dressed to  the  Roman  Archbishop  [Kenrick]  of  Baltimore, 
1854,  2  vols.  12mo,  pp.  918.  This  work  is  presumed  to 
have  been  elicited  tiy  a  recommendation  some  years  since 
from  Archbishop  (then  Bishop)  Kenrick  to  all  Protestant 
clergymen  to  read  Milner's  End  of  Controversy.  Arch- 
bisluip  Kenrick  has  recently  pub.,  in  answer  to  Bishop 
Hopkins's  work,  A  Vindication  of  the  Catholic  Church  ; 
in  a  Scries  of  Letters  addressed  to  the  RL  Rev.  John 
Henry  Hopkins,  Protestant  Episcopal  Bishop  of  Vermont, 
Bait,  18.56,  12mo,  pp.  334.  10.  The  Vermont  Di-awing- 
Book  of  Landscapes  ;  for  the  Use  of  Schools  :  Six  Nos.  of 
Lithographs,  Bui-lington,  Vt.,  1838.  11.  Sacred  Songs, 
Words,  and  Music,  for  the  Use  of  Christian  Families,  Lon. 
and  N.  York,  1839.  In  addition  to  the  works  noticed 
above,  this  learned  and  excellent  prelate — distinguished 
for  his  Christian  activity  and  zeal— has  given  to  the  world 
about  thirty  occasional  Sermons,  Letters,  Discourses,  Ad- 
dresses, Ac. 

Hopkins,  Joseph.  Accoucheui^s  Vade-Mecum, 
1814,  12mo. 

Hopkins,  Lemuel,  M.D.,  1760-1801,  a  descendant 
of  Governor  Hopkins,  of  Connecticut,  a  native  of  Water- 
l)urv.  Conn.,  practised  medicine  from  1776  to  1784  at 
Litchfield,  and  from  1784  to  1801  at  Hartford.  He  wrote 
a  number  of  poetical  pieces,  and  was  an  associate  with 
Trumbull,  Barlow,  Alsop,  and  others,  in  the  composition 
of  The  Anarchiad,  (pub.  in  the  Connecticut  Magazine, 
1786-87,)  The  Echo,  Political  Green-House,  The  Guil- 
lotine, and  other  productions.  See  Thacber's  Med.  Biog. ; 
Kcttell's  Spec  of  Amer.  Poetry,  i.  272-2S4;  Everest's 
Poets  of  Connecticut;  Duyckincks'  Cyc.  of  Amer.  Lit. 
Among  Hopkins's  best-known  pieces  are  The  Hypocrite's 
Hope,  and  Elegy  on  the  Victim  of  a  Cancer  Quack.  The 
88th  Psalm  iu  Barlow's  collection  was  versified  by  him. 

Hopkins,  Louisa  Payson,  h.  1812,  at  Portland, 
Maine,  a  d.aughter  of  the  Rev.  Edward  P.ayson,  D.D.,  emi- 
nent for  his  piety,  was  married  to  Prof  Albert  Hnpkins 
in  1842.  Mrs.  Hopkins  is  the  author  of  a  number  of 
works,  written  some  before  and  some  since  her  marriage, 
intended  fur  the  benefit  of  the  young.  1.  The  Pastor's 
Daughter,  N.  York,  18mo.  2.  Lessons  on  the  Book  of 
Proverbs,  Best.  3.  The  Young  Christian  Encouraged,  N. 
York,  18mo.  Repub.,  Hartford,  ISmo.  4.  Henry  Lang- 
don  ;  or.  What  was  I  Made  For?  N.  York,  1846,  18mo. 
Repub.,  Hartford,  ISmo.  6.  The  Guiding  Star;  or.  The 
Bible  God's  Message:  a  sequel  to  Henry  Langdon,  Best., 
1851.  ISmo.  6.  The  Silent  Comforter;  a  Comp.anion  for 
the  Sick-Room.  A  compilation.  7.  Payson's  Thoughts. 
A  compilation.  She  has  also  composed  several  Question- 
Books  for  the  Mass.  S.  S.  Union,  and  contributed  articles 
to  Kitto's  Biblical  Cyclopaedia,  The  New  York  Review,  Ac. 
Mrs.  Hopkins's  writings  have  been  commended  in  the 
highest  terms. 

Hopkins,  Mark,  D.D.,  M.D.,  a  Presbyterian  divine, 
b.  1802,  at  Stockbridge,  Mass.,  and  educated  at  Williams 
Ci>llege,  subsequently  studied  lucdicine,  and  received  the 
degree  of  M.D.  in  1828;  Professor  of  Moral  Philosophy 
and  Rhetoric  in  Williams  CnUege,  1830-36;  President  of 
Williams  College  from  Sept.  15,  1836,  to  the  present  time. 
1.  Lects.  on  the  Evidences  of  Christianity,  before  the 
Lowell  Institute,  delivered  in  Jan.  1844:  pub..  Best., 
1846,  Svo.  2.  Miscellaneous  Essays  and  Reviews,  1847, 
Svo.  Contents :  I.  Paper  originally  pub.  in  Amer.  Jour, 
of  Science  and  Arts,  April.  1828;  II.,  III.  Papers  in 
Amer.  Qunr.  Observer,  Oct.  1833,  and  Oct.  1834;  IV.  Paper 
in  Biblical  Repository,  Oct.  1835.  Dr.  Hopkins  has  also 
pub.  separately  seven  Sermons,  Discourses,  Ac.  He  enjoys 
the  reputation  of  being  an  efficient  president  and  an  able 
instructor;  and  Williams  College  has  greatly  prospered 
under  his  paternal  jurisdiction.  See  Princeton  Review, 
xviii.  359;  New  Englander,  (by  N.  Porter,  Jr.,)  iv.  401; 
Chris.  Exam.,  (by  G.  B.  Emerson,)  xxx.  340 ;  Chris.  Exam., 
(by  E.  Peabody,)  xli.  216. 

Hopkins,  Marmaduke.     Serm.,  Lon.,  16S9,  4to. 
Hopkins,  Matthew.     The  Discovery  of  Witches, 


ess 


HOP 

Lon.,  1647,  4to,  pp.  10.     See  Lon.  Retrosp.  Rev.,  v.  86- 
136 ;  Hudibras.  Pt.  2,  canto  iii. 

Hopkins,  Richard.  1.  Trans,  from  the  Spanish  of 
a  work  on  Prayer  and  Meditation,  1582,  8to  ;  Lon.,  1592, 
24mo.  2.  Trans,  from  the  Spanish  of  a  work  entit.  A  Me- 
monall  of  a  Christian  Life,  Rouen,  1599,  8vo. 

Hopkins,  Samuel,  d.  1755,  minister  of  West  Spring- 
field, Mass.,  graduated  at  Yale  College  in  1718,  and  was 
ordained  in  1720.  Historical  Memoirs  relating  to  Housa- 
tunnuk  Indians,  1763,  4to. 

Hopkins,  Samuel,  D.D.,  1721-1803,  a  descendant 
of  (Jovernor  Hopkins  of  Connecticut,  and  the  founder  of 
the  Hopkinsonian  school  of  divinity,  was  a  native  of 
Waterbury,  Conn.,  graduated  at  Yale  College  in  1741, 
studied  theology  under  the  celebrated  .Jonathan  Edwards, 
was  ordained  in  1743,  and  was  subsequently  stationed 
successively  at  Great  Barringfon,  Newport,  R.L,  New- 
buryport,  Canterbury,  Stamford,  and  again,  in  1780,  at 
Newport,  where  he  remained  until  his  death  in  1803.  His 
theological  views  were  given  to  the  world  in  his  System 
of  Doctrines  contained  in  Divine  Revelation  explained 
and  defended,  Bost.,  1793.  2  vols.  8vo :  1811,  2  vols.  8vo; 
and  in  collective  ed.  of  his  works,  Phila.,  1853,  3  vols.  8vo. 

"The  celetirity  of  the  author,  who,  with  Edwards  and  Bellamy, 
completes  the  American  triunivirale  of  eminent  writers  in  the 
same  strain  of  divinity,  would  have  rendered  this  work  much 
more  popular  and  useful,  had  he  kept  clear  of  a  bold  and  gratinE 
statement,— that  'God  has  foreordained  all  the  moral  evil  which 
does  take  place,'  and  which  be  endeavours  to  defend  with  more 
ingenuity  than  success."— Z)r.  £.  Williams's  C.  P. 

'■Hopkins  sought  to  add  to  the  five  points  of  Calvinism  the 
rather  heterogeneous  ingredient  that  holiness  consists  in  pure  dis- 
intere.sted  benevolence,  and  that  all  regard  for  self  is  necessarily 
sinful.  —HihlretliS  Hist,  nf  tlu  U.  Staks,  ed.  1854,  ii.  579. 

Hopkins  also  pub.  a  number  of  occasional  serms.  and 
theolog.  treatises,  Ac,  1759-83;  The  Life  of  Susan  An- 
thony, 1796;  new  ed.,  1830,  12mo;  The  Life  of  Mrs.  Os- 
born,  1798;  a  vol.  of  Serms.,  1803  ;  and  left  Sketches  of  his 
life,  and  two  theolog.  tracts ;  the  three  last-named  were  pub. 
by  Dr.  West,  of  Stockbridge,  in  1805.  A  collective  ed.  of 
his  Works,  including  his  System  of  Doctrines,  with  a  Me- 
moir of  his  Life  and  Character,  was  pub.  by  the  Doct,  Tract 
and  Book  Soc,  Phila.,  1853,  3  vols.  8vo.  See  Sketches 
of  his  Life,  Works,  185.3,  3  vols.  8vo;  Whittiei's  Old 
Portraits  and  Modern  Sketches;  Allen's  Amer  Biog 
Diet.  ;  W.  E.  Channing's  Works ;  Chris.  E.\am..  x.txiii   169 

Hopkins,  Samuel.  The  Youth  of  the  Old  Dominion, 
Bost,  1856.  This  work  professes  to  be  based  upon  his- 
torical facts : 

"  Any  one  famili.^r  with  the  annals  of  Youthful  Tinrinia  will 
here  recognise,  It  is  believed,  a  scrupulous  regard  to  historic 
truth." — Author's  Preface, 

Very  favourably  noticed  in  Putnam's  Magazine  for 
July,  1856. 

Hopkins,  Samuel  M.  Reports  of  Cases  in  the  Ct 
of^hancery  in^N.  York,  1823-26,  N.  York,  1827,  8vo.    See 

Hopkins,  Stephen,  1707-1785,  one  of  the  signers 
01  the  American  Declaration  of  Independence,  was  a  na- 
tive  of  Scituate,  Rhode  Island ;  Chief-Justice  of  the  Su- 
perior Court,  1761  to  1754;  Governor  of  Rhode  Island, 
1755  to  1768,  with  the  exception  of  four  years ;  Member 
of  the  American  Congress,  1774  to  1779.  1.  The  Grievances 
of  the  American  Colonies  candidly  Examined  ;  printed 
by  Authority  at  Providence,  R.  Island ;  also  Lon.,  1765 

Am^irrt^^^'j^^;-^il*^^;*:s,>^^  -  0- 

Colieti^."l66-203!   ''™"'"^""^^'  ^^ '^"'"''^    '°  '  2'^'- 
Hopkins,  Thomas.     Bank  Notes  the  cause  of  the 
disappearance  of  Guineas,  1811,  Svo 

lA?!",'^,'''"*'   ^^'"ia™-      The  Flying   Penman,  Lon., 
1074,  12mo. 

Hopkins,  William,  1647-1700,  a  native  of  Eves- 
ham, Worcestershire,  educated  at  Trin.  Coll.,  Oxf  •  Preb 
of  Worcester,  1675  ;  Curate  of  Mortlake,  Surrey!  1678  • 
Lecturer  of  St.  Lawrence,  Jewry,  about  1680;  Vicar  of 
Lmdndge,  1686;  Master  of  St.  Oswald's  Hospital  Wor 
cester,1697  1.  Serm.,  1683,  4to.  2.  Bartram,  or  Rartram, 
on  the  Body  and  Blood  of  the  Lord;  2d  ed.,  1688  3 
Animad.  on  Johnson's  Answer  to  Juvian,  Lon.,  1691  '8vo" 
4.  Latin  Trans.,  with  Notes,  of  a  Saxon  tract  on  the  Bu- 
rial-Places  of  the  Saxon  Saints,  pub.  in  Hickes's  Sep- 
tentrional Grammar,  Oxf,  1706.  5.  Seventeen  Sermi, 
with  Life  by  Dr.  Geo.  Hickes,  D.D.,  Lon.,  1708   8vo 

Hopkins,  William,  1706-1786,  an  Arian  writer, 
a  clergyman  of  the  Church  of  Englan.l,  a  native  ol' 
Monmou^,  was  entered  at  All-Souls  College,  Oxf.,  1724  • 


HOP 

V'icir  of  Bolney,  Sussex,  1731;  Master  of  the  Grammar 
Schoolof  Cuckfield,  1756;  Curate  of  Slaugham,  1766.  Ha 
pub.  several  anonymous  pamphlets  against  compulsory 
subscription  to  the  XXXIX.  Articles,  ic,  but  is  best 
known  by  the  following  work:  Exodus:  a  corrected 
Translation,  with  Notes  Critical  and  Explanatory,  Lon., 
1784,  4to. 

"  The  chief  value  of  this  translation  is,  that  it  gives  all  the  ad- 
ditions and  variations  of  the  Samaritan  and  Septuagint  The 
author's  heterodoxy  is  offensively  avowed,  both  in  the  preface  and 
notes." — Orme's  BiU.  Bib. 

'■The  translator  has,  in  general,  executed  his  task  with  fidelity." 

"In  the  notes  we  meet  with  little  that  can  gratify  the  taste  of 
critical  and  cunous  readers;  and  his  severe  retleMions  on  the 
Articles  and  Liturgy  of  the  Church  of  England  might  well  have 
Isxii  1a^       '"  "  ""''''  °''  ""'^  nature."— ion.  Mmali.  Set.,  O.  S, 

Hopiiinson,  Francis,  1737-1791,  a  native  of  Phila- 
delphia, the  son  of  Thomas  Hopkinson,  an  Englishman 
was  educated  at  the  college  (now  the  University  of  Penn- 
sylvania) in  Philadelphia,  and  subsequently  studied  law. 
In  1765  we  find  him  in  England,  where  he  resided  for  two 
years,  settling,  on  bis  return,  at  Bordentown,  New  Jcr'^ey 
where  he  married  Miss  Ann  Borden.  In  1776  he  repre- 
sented New  Jersey  in  the  American  Congress,  and  waa 
one  of  the  signers  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence. 
He  held  for  a  number  of  years  an  appointment  in  the 
Loan-Office.  In  1779  he  was  made  Judge  of  the  Admi- 
ralty in  Pennsylvania,  and  in  1790  was  appointed,  by 
President  Washington,  Judge  of  the  District  Court  of  the 
United  States.  He  died  May  9,  1791,  of  an  attack  of 
apoplexy.  He  was  the  author  of  a  number  of  poems, 
political  pamphlets,  essays,  and  many  admirable  jeux- 
d'espnt  on  the  prominent  topics  of  the  day.  Among  the 
best-known  of  his  poems  are  The  Treaty,  The  Battle  of 
the  Kegs,  A  Morning  Hymn,  An  Evening  Hymn, 
Description  of  a  Church,  Science,  A  Camp  Ballad 
and  The  New  RooJ-.  Of  his  satirical  pieces  we  may 
instance  The  Typographical  Mode  of  Conducting  a 
Quarrel,  Thoughts  on  the  Diseases  of  the  Mind,  Es°ay 
on  White-Washing,  and  Modern  Learning.  Few  pens 
of  the  day  etfected  more  than  Hopkinson's  in  edu- 
cating the  American  people  for  political  independence. 
Ihe  brevity,  wit,  and  vivacity  of  his  pieces  gave  them 
portability,  currency,  and  popular  favour.  Of  this  class 
—the  most  important— of  his  writings  we  may  spe- 
cify The  Pretty  Story,  1774;  The  Prophecy,  1776-  The 
Political  Catechism,  1777.  But  the  collector  of  Ame- 
rican History  (a  large  class  these  collectors  have  now 
become!)  must  secure  for  his  shelves,  if  he  can  (which 
IS  more  than  doubtful,)  The  Miscellaneous  Essays  and 
Occasional  Writings  of  Francis  Hopkinson,  Phila.,  pub. 
by  Dobson,  1792,  3  vols.  Svo.  A  number  of  papers  by 
Hopkinson  will  be  found  in  Aitkin's  Pennsylvania  Mag.a- 
zme,  and  in  Trans.  Amer.  Soc.,  ii.  159;  iii.' 183  185  239 
3.31.  See  Allen's  Amer.  Biog.  Diet. ;  Lives  of  the  Sixers ': 
Massachusetts  Mag.,  iii.  750-783;  Amer.  Mus.,  ii"  166- 
IX.  39;  Duyckincks'  Cyc.  of  Amer.  Lit;  Notes  on  the 
Provincial  Lit.  of  Penna.,  by  Thomas  I.  Wharton,  read  at 
:j,^^™"-°S  °f  "^f  Cwnfil  "f  the  Hist  Soc.  of  Penn.,  Sept. 
21,1823;  Delaplames  Repository;  Works  of  John  Adams; 
and  other  works  of,  and  connected  with,  the  Revolutionary 
times.  "^ 

J,lt  ITk"  "«■.», P»''i°?.  a  chemist,  a  mathematician,  and  a 
judge  of  the  admiralty ;  his  character  was  composed  of  a  happy 
union  of  qualities  and  endowments  commonl/ supposed  to  be 
discord.-;ut;  and,  with  the  humour  of  Swift  and  RabeLais  he  was 
wSrr';i™;'.r,.^'^"°f '''■'-  -"  --^'  order."-lHo''lsri! 
Hopkinson,  John,  a  native  of  England.  Synopsis 
Parad.s.i,  Lugd.  Bat,,  1693,  4to.  Et  vide  Ugolinus  'Th-- 
s.aurus  Antiquitatum  Sacrarum,  Venet.,  1744-69,  (34  vols 
lol.,)toni.  vii.  607.  * 

P.,*?7f'V"*""'  •'?l«'P'''  ^'^■^■'  1V70-1842,  a  native  of 
Philadelphia  son  of  Francis  Hopkinson,  (n„(e,)  was  edu- 
cated  at  the  University  of  Pennsylvani.i,  and  subsequently 
practised  law,  hrst  at  Easton  and  then  in  Philadelphia. 
From  1815  to  1819  he  was  a  member  of  the  national 
itouso  of  Representatives,  and  in  1828  was  appointed,  by 
President  Adams,  Judge  of  the  District  Court  of  the  United 
btates,— an  oflice  which  he  retained  until  his  death.  Both 
his  father  and  grandfather  had  preceded  him  on  the  bench, 
ihe  subject  ol  our  notice  was  Vice-President  of  the  Ame- 
rican 1  hilosophical  Society,  and  President  of  the  Phila- 
delphia Academy  of  Pine  Arts.  He  was  the  author  of 
the  patriotic  song  of  "  Hail  Columbia,"  written  under  cir- 
cumstauces  pleasantly  recorded  by  the  author  in  a  letter 
which  will  be  found  in  (Jriswold's  Poets  and  Poetry  of 
America.     See  also  a  biographical  notice  of  Judge  Hop. 


HOP 


HOR 


kinsnn — written  by  Francis  Wharton,  of  Philadelphia — in 
Hunt's  Merchant's  Magaxiue.  vii.  31)7.  Judge  Ilopkinsun 
pub.,  in  addition  to  several  addresses  before  literary  socie- 
ties, (fee.,  an  Address  delivered  before  the  Law  Academy 
of  Phihidelphia,  Phila.,  1S26.  8vo,  and  a  Eulogy  in  Com- 
memoration of  the  Hon.  Bushroil  Washington,  l&liO,  8vo. 
For  Hupkinson's  Decisions,  see  H.  D.  Gilpin's  District  Ct. 
Reports,  lS28-;i5,  8vo,  18;J7,  (noticed  in  18  A.  J.,  521:) 
Crabbe's  Reports,  183(5-16:  see  p.  444-  of  this  Dictionary. 

Hoi)kinson,  Samuel,  Hector  of  Etton,  and  Vicar  of  j 
Morton.     1.  Serms.,  Lou,,  17S9,  4to.     2.  Retiections,  17i>3, 
4to.     3.  Prayer,  Ac.  for  Children,  1795,  12mo.     4.  Scrm., 
1798,  8vo.     5.  Causes  of  the   Scarcity  investigated,  Ac, 
1801,  8vo.     6.  Essays.  1820,  12mo. 

Hopkiiison,  William.  Trans,  of  Bcza's  Display 
of  Popi.-^h  Practices.  &c.,  Lon.,  1578,  4to. 

H<»]tkirk,  Thomas.  1.  Fh>ra  Glottiana,  Glasg.,  1813, 
Svo.     2.  Fbtra  Anomoia,  1817,  Svo. 

Hoppiier,  Richard  Belgrave.  Trans,  of  Capt. 
Kruseiisterirs  Voyage  round  the  World,  1803-05,  Lon., 
1813,  2  vols.  Capt.  {since  Vice-Admiral)  Krusenstern 
complained  bitterly  of  the  faults  of  this  translation,  t^ec 
Lou.  Quar.  Rev.,  xxii.  109;  xxvi.  346;  xxviii.  407;  xxx. 
265 ;  xxxi.  103 ;  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  xxv.  1 ;  Rich's  Bibl.  Amer. 
Nova.  ii.  69. 

Ilojjpener,  J.  Oriental  Tales  trans,  into  English 
Verse,  Lnn.,  1803.  Svo. 

Hoppus,  John,  Prof,  of  the  Philos.  of  Mind  and 
Logic  in  the  Univ.  of  London.  Lects.  on  the  Polity  and 
Hist,  of  the  Hebrews,  Lon.,  1817,  12ruo. 

"  A  very  judicious  aud  usL-ful  manual,  which  throws  great  light 
upon  the  Holy  Scriptures,  and  will  fnrm  a  valuable  acquisition  to 
the  8und:iy-srhool  Library.  It  is  well  worthy  the  attention  of 
younj;  peuplH  who  wish  to  understiiud  the  sacred  oracles." — L^n. 
Weshi/an  MHIwdint  Magazine. 

'•We  have  seldom  reada  voIumeoft;reaterinterest.anii  strongly 
commend  it  tn  all.  but  more  especially  to  our  young  friends." — 
Iam.  Home  Missionari/  Magazine^ 
Other  works. 

Hopsou,  Charles  R.,  M.D.  1.  Dysentery,  Lon., 
1771,  Svo.  2.  Essay  on  Pire,  1782,  Svo.  3.  System  of 
Chemistry,  17S9.  '94,  4to. 

Hopson,  Edward,     The  Human  Mind,  1777,  12rao. 
Hopton,  Arthur,  I58S-l*il4.  a  native  of  Somerset- 
shire, educated  at  Lincoln  Coll.,  Oxf.,  was  the  sou  of  Sir 
Arthur  Hopton,  and  an  intimate  friend  of  John  Selden. 
1.  Baculum    Geodetieum,   Lon.,   1610,  4to.     2.  Speculum 
Topographicura,   1611,  4to.     3.  A  Concordancy  of  Years, 
1£15,  Svo.      Enlarged  by  John    Penkethnian,   1635,  Svo. 
This  work  is  mentioned  by  the  commentators  on  Shak- 
speare.     4.  Prognostications  for  the  Years  1607  and  ltjl4. 
"The  miracle  of  his  age  for  learning." — Athen.  Oxon.,  q.  v. 
Hoptou,  Richard.     Burning  Spring;  Phil.  Trans., 
1711. 

Hopton,  Mrs.  Susannah,  1627-1709,  a  very  devout 
lady,  a  native  of  Staffordshire,  the  wife  of  Richard  Hopton, 
a  Welsh  judge,  became  a  Roman  Catholic,  but  returned  to 
the  Protestant  faith.  1.  Daily  Devotions,  Lon.,  1073,  12mo; 
5th  ed.,  1713.  See  Darling's  Cyc.  Bibb,  i.  538.  2.  Medi- 
tations, Ac,  pub.  by  N.  Spiuckes,  Lon.,  1717,  Svo.  3.  De- 
votions, Ac;  see  Hickes,  (ii:oHGE,  D.D.,  No.  9,  in  this 
Dictionary;  Darling's  Cyc.  Bibl.,  i.  1409. 

Hopwood,  Henry,  Rector  of  Bothall,  Northumber- 
land, has  pub.  a  number  of  theolog.  and  educational  works, 
Lon.,  1841-50. 

Hopwood,  John.  Blcs.scd  Rcstj  Ac,  Lon,,  1676.  Svo. 
Horbery,  Matthew,  D.D.,  1707-1773,  a  native  of 
Haxay,  Lincolnshire,  educated  at  Lincoln  Coll.,  Oxf.,  and 
elected  Fellow  of  Magdalen  Coll. ;  successively  Vicar  of 
Eccleshall,  Canon  of  Lichfield,  Vicar  of  Ilanbury,  and 
Rector  of  Standlake.  1.  Animitd.  on  J.  Jackson's  Christian 
Liberty  Asserted,  Ac,  17:'.5.  2.  Enquiry  couc.  Future 
Punishment,  Lon.,  1744,  yvo.  3.  Serm.,  Oxf.,  1745,  Svo. 
4.  Serni.,  1747.  5.  Serm.,  1749.  8vo.  6.  18  Serms..  1774, 
Svo.  A  collective  ed.  of  his  Works  was  pub.  at  Oxford 
in  1828,  2  vols.  Svo.  His  Serms.  have  been  highly  com- 
mended : 

•'Tbey  Jire  excellent."— Dr.  Samuel  .TonNSON. 
"SuL-h  was  his  reputation  as  a  preacher,  that  two  hundred  of 
his  MS.  sermons,  in  the  rough  state  in  which  he  first  composed 
them,  were  disposed  of  for  six  bundi'ed  guineas." 

"They  are  written  in  a  nervous,  nnimatt-d  lan;;uage,  calculated 
to  couvinco  and  persuade,  without  any  alYectjttion  or  pretunce  to 
rhetoric,  but  with  a  simplicity  which  was  a  prominent  feature  iu 
the  character  nf  the  author." — S.  Cl.vi-uam. 

See  Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  vols.  Ixix.  and  Ixxvi. 
Horde,  Thomas,  Jr.,  was   the  author  of  thirteen 
dramatics  piccos,  pub.  1769-85.     See  Biog,  Dramat. 
Uordeu,  John.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1676,  4tu. 


Hordern,  Joseph,  Kural  Dean  and  Vicar  of  Ros- 
thern.  1.  Directions  for  Reading  to  the  Sick,  Lou.,  18mo. 
2.  Serms..  18:U),  Svo. 

Hore,  Charles.  Divine  Meditations,  1804,  12mo. 
Ilorlet,  Joseph.  Three  Serms.,  1729,  '42,  '50. 
Hornian,  Wni.,  d.  15.'i5,  a  native  of  Salislmry.  cdu- 
cntcd  at,  and  Fellow  of,  New  Coll..  Oxf.,  was  made  Master 
of  Eton  (of  which  he  sul)sc(|uently  became  Fellow  and 
Vice-Provost)  in  1485.  Ho  pub.  Ilcrbarum  Syuonyma, 
Indices  to  the  writers  De  Re  Rustica,  Ac.  See  the  name 
in  Lowndes's  Bibl.  Man.,  967. 

Horn.      Hist,  of  the  Woman  of  Great  Faith,  ir).')2,  Svo. 

Horn,  Charles    Edward,  17S6-185U,  a  native  of 

London,  d.  in    Boston,  Mass.,  an    eminent   composer  of 

music,  was  well  known  as  the  author  of  Cherry  Ripe,  I've 

been  Roaming,  The  Deep,  Deep  Sea,  The  Mermaid's  Cave, 

I  Know  a  Bank,  and  other  popular  song.''.    A  biog,  notice  of 

Mr.  lloni  wilt  l)e  found  iu  the  Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  Jan.  1860. 

Horn,  (ieor§;e.    Treatise  on  Leeches,  Lon.,  1798,  Svo. 

Horn,  Henry,  and  Edwin  T.  Hurlstone.     Ex- 

che.).  Bcports.  H.  T.  1838  to  H.  T.  1S39,  Lon.,  1S40,  Svo. 

Horn,  John.     See  Houne. 

Horn^  Robert.  Expos,  of  Part  of  the  Parable  of 
the  Lo^t  Sonne,  Lon.,  1614,  Svo. 

Horn,  Thomas,  Rector  of  Martley,  Serms.  on  va- 
rious Subjects,  Lou.,  lS;i2,  12nio. 

"There   is   sterling  matter  in  most  of  his  discourses." — Lon. 
Chris.  J\ememh. 
Other  works. 

Hornblower,  J.  C,  Engineer.  Papers  on  Steam 
Engines,  Ac.  in  Nie.  Jour,  18()2,  '03,  '04,  *05. 

Hornby,  Charle.s,  "a  sour  and  ill-natured  pedant, 
secondary  of  the  Pipe  Oflice,"  jiub.  two  vols,  of  Letters, 
1730,  Svo,  and  1738,  Svo,  criticizing  Sir  Wm.  Dugdale's 
Baronage  of  Englaml. 

Hornby,  Mrs,  Edmund.  In  aud  Around  Stamboul, 
Lon.,  1858;  PhiUi..  is.os. 

Hornby,  GeortVey.  Serm.,  1806,  Svo. 
Hornby,  Thomas.  Dissert,  on  Lime  in  Agriculture, 
1815,VSvo.  Sc..-.  on  this  ])oint.  Donaldson's  Ag.  Biog.,  107. 
Hornby,  Wm.  The  Scovrge  of  Drvnkeunes,  Lon., 
161S,  4t..,  pp.  32,  Bibl.  Anglo-Poet.,  349.  £30.  This  poem 
is  preceded  by  an  address,  in  which  the  author  promises 
to  show  "  Drunkennesse"  no  quarter: 

"  lie  Tse  thee  like  a  Bo^i^e,  a  Jew,  a  Slaue; 
I'lxpect  no  mercy  fiom  my  hands  to  haue." 
This  book  may  be  called  an  early  Temperance  Docu- 
ment.    See  Eild." Anglo-Poet.,  p.  151. 

Home,  Andrew,  a  native  of  Gloucester,  England, 
an  eminent  lawyer  and  (.hamberlain  of  London  temp. 
Edward  I.  1.  La  Somme  appellc  Mirroir  des  Justices,  seu 
Speculum  Justiciarum,  Lon..  1612,  Svo.  In  English,  by 
AVm.  Hughes,  1646,  Svo;  1649,  12mo;  1659,  Svo;  1768, 
12mo;  Manchester,  1810,  12mo.  For  an  account  of  this 
valuable  work — known  as  IIorne's  Mirror — see  2  Reeves's 
Hist.,  358;  iv.  116,  n.;  Nic.  Eng.  Hist.  Lib.,  155;  Crabb's 
Hist.,  255;  Bridg.  Bibb,  161;  Clarke's  Bibl.,  106;  Pref. 
to  9  and  10  Reports;  Blaxland's  Codex.  126;  1  Campbell's 
Lives  of  the  Lord-Chancellors,  206;  Marvin's  Leg.  Bibb, 
396.  Home  is  said  to  have  compiled  Chronicon  Glocestrite, 
long  since  lost,  and  Liber  Home.  For  an  account  of  the 
last"-naraed  book,  see  Clarke's  Bibb,  107;  Gough's  Brit. 
Top.,  v.,  i.  576. 

Ilorne,  Andrew.  1.  The  Seat  of  Vision  Determined, 
Lon.,  1S13,  '18,  Svo.  2.  On  Vision;  Phil.  Mag.,  1S16,  '17. 
3.  Magnetism;  Thom.  Ann.  Philos.,  1S17. 

Home,  George,  D.D.,  1730-1792,  an  eminent  divine 
of  the  Hutchinsonian  school,  was  a  native  of  Otham,  near 
Maidstone,  and  educated   at  University  College,  Oxford; 
Fellow  of  Magdalene  College.  1749,  and  President,  1768; 
'  Chaplain  to  the  King,  1771  ;  Vice-Chancellor  of  (he  Univ. 
'  of  Oxford,  1776;  Dean  of  Canterbury,  1781;    Bishop  of 
I  Norwich,  1790.     Ho  pub.  a  number  of  controversial  trea- 
I  tises  in  favour  of  Hutchinson,  and  against  Sir  Isaac  New- 
'  ton.   Adam   Smith,   Law,    Hume,    Shuckford,    Konnicott, 
I  Halhed,  and  Priestley;  a  Commentary  on    the  Book  of 
'  Psalms;  Sermons,  &c.     His  Letters  on  Infidelity,  in  which 
,  Hume's  arguments  are  discussed,  were  pub.  in  1784,  12mo. 
'  A   collective  ed.  of  his  Works,  with   a  Life,  was   pub.  by 
I  his  friend  and  chaplain,  Wm.  Jones,  of  Naylaml,  in  1795- 
99.  6  vols.   Svo;    1809,   6  vols.    Svo;    1812,  6  vols.  Svo; 
1S18,  6  vols.  Svo  ;  last  ed.,  1S30,  4  vols.  Svo.     Of  his  Dis- 
courses, ft  4th  ed.  was  pub.  in  1803-04,  5  vols.  Svo;  othor 
eds.,  1812,  3  vols.  Svo;    1824,  3  vols.  Svo;  new  ed.,  1S31, 
2  vols.   Svo;    last  ed.,    1815,  2   vols.  Svo.     Of  the   Com- 
mentary on   the   Psalms  (1st  ed.,  1771,  2  vols.  4to)  there 
have  been  many  edits.     Among  the  last  are  the  ono  pub. 

887 


noR 

by  Virtue,  In  3  vols.  12mo,  in  1830;  the  one  in  2  vols 
12mo,  pub.  hy  the  Lon.  Soc.  P.  C.  K.  in  18iS ;  and  Lone- 
man's  ed.  in  1S48,  8vo.  See  also  Nisbcfs  ed.  of  Hurue's 
Anangemeut  of  tlie  Psalms,  Notes,  and  Comments,  Pt.  1, 
1850,  p.  8vo.  The  Essay  on  Home's  Commentary,  by 
James  Montgomery,  Esq.,  (prefi.\ed  to  ed.  in  2  vols.,  form- 
ing a  portion  of  the  Sacred  Classics,)  and  the  one  by  the 
Rev.  Edward  Irving,  (prcli.-ced  to  an  ed.  pub.  in  Glasgow 
in  3  vols.  12mo,)  are  doubtless  well  known  to  many  of  our 
readers.  Irving's  Essay  has  been  highly  commended. 
The  Daily  Communings,  .Spiritual  and  llevotional,  on 
Select  Portions  of  the  Psalms,  from  Home's  Commentary, 
(2d  ed.,  6-imo,)  and  the  Selection  by  Lindley  Murray, 
(1812,  Svo,)  have  met  with  warm  approbation.  The  last- 
named  comprises,  says  Dr.  T.  H.  Home,  "the  most 
stj-iking,  pathetic,  o.nd  instructive  parts  of  the  Com- 
mentary." A  vol.  of  Selections  from  the  Commentary 
was  pub.  in  1S32,  12nio.  It  is  by  his  Discourses  and 
Commentary  on  the  Psalms  that  Bishop  Home  will  always 
be  favourably  known;  and  it  will  now  be  proper  for  us  to 
adduce  some  opinions  upon  the  merits  and  defects  of  these 
productions. 

Opinions  on  the  Discourses: 

'■Some  of  Bishop  Home's  discourses  are  ingenious:  but  thev 
contain  more  Hutchiusonianism,  and  less  of  evanL-t-lical  senti- 
ment, than  might  have  been  expected."— Orme's  DM  Bib 

'•  liishop  Homes  views  of  priacliiug,  not  always  (alas  !  such  is 
our  common  infirmity  I)  fully  illustrated  by  his  own  sermons,  are 

instructive His  sermons  are  polished,  and  have  many  beautful 

and  e.yellent  thoughts:  but  they  are  wanting  in  the  full  declara- 
tion of  justilication  by  faith,  and  therefore  meet  not  adequately 
the  distresses  of  an  awakened  conscience.  .  .  .  His  sermons  are 
devotional  and  elegant.  He  and  others  of  his  school  have  brou"ht 
some  important  truths  betbre  men  who  would  not  have  li-^tened 
.  .!.  '?  V"''°8  more  iu  the  spirit  of  the  Keformers."— iiictcr- 
eUth  s  C.  A. 

"This  wi  iter  seems  to  have  had  as  much  devotion  and  regard 
for  the  grand  principles  of  Christianity  as  commao.i  respect-  but 
tew  evangelical  preachers,  notwithstanding,  would  like  to  take 
him  for  a  pattern."— Br.  E.  Williams  s  C.  P. 

"The  sacred  discourses  of  the  amiable  Home  recommend  the 
duties  of  that  religion  of  which  he  was  so  bright  an  ornament  in 
a  sweet  and  lively  style."— ifistonraj  View  <•/  Enn.  LU  :  Good- 
hvgh  s  Eng.  Gent.'s  Lib.  Man. 

■■His  style  is  lucid,  and  often  terse;  his  reflections  grow  natu- 
rally out  of  the  seutiments  of  the  passage  on  whi.h  he  comments 
and  there  breathes  through  the  whole  so  much  sympathy  with  the 
1  salmist  in  his  bumble  views  of  himself  and  bis  cialtid  concep- 
tion.s  of  .T.hovah— there  is  such  a  heavenly,  sweet  frame  of  mind 
exhibited,  so  much  spirituality,  and  such  love  for  the  liedeemer  — 
as  to  render  this  commentary  one  of  peculiar  fitness  for  fam'ilv 
reading."  J 

"  I'hey  evince  an  uncommon  warmth  of  piety,  and  are  calculated 
to  produce  It. '—£ri(is4  O-iWc. 

"Sensible,  practical,  and  animated.  He  addresses  himself  more 
to  the  heart  than  is  conmionlv  done,  and  consenuently  his  Di.s- 
courses  are  more  calculated  to  answer  the  end  of  preai  hi'n-  '  Thev 
are  agreeably  instructive  and  edifying,  manifesting  the  pi'ous  and 
good  heart  of  the  writer."— £<,n.  Mmlli.  Itev. 

Opinions  on  the  Commentary  on  the  Psalms- 

■'  His  Commentary  on  the  I'salms  is  his  capital  performance,  and 
the  one  by  which  he  will  be  known  so  l,mg  as  piety  and  ele-ant 
learning  are  loved  in  Kngland.  It  is  altogether  a  beautiful  w°ork 
Ihe  preface  is  a  master-piece  of  composition  and  good  sen-^e  The 
exposition  implies  more  learning  and  research  than  it  divnlavs- 
and  the  views  of  Christian  doctrine  contained  in  it  are  gener.iliv 
very  correct.  Perhaps  he  carries  his  applications  to  the  .Messiah 
and  his  church  occasionally  rather  far;  but  this  is  less  hurtful 
■  °.  ^ "  "WO^'',"  extreme,  which  has  more  generally  been 
adopted.'  —Urme's  Bibl.  Bib.  ' 

■'  The  variety^and  number  of  the  editions  of  this  learned  and 


'rf.  Bib. 

■■Ilorne's  Commentary  on  the  Book  of  Psalms  is  of  use  chiefly 
for  Its  devotional  tendencv."— K'/Hiams'i  C.  I' 
.„Vi'r^!'?lT"'^''-''°"  "'?  '''^■"'™"  '''"'  "o"!!  been  a  refreshing 
r  fc«*''  C  V"    ""P"""""  '"  "><>  Christian's  retirement."— .Bicfc 

"It  is  »  truly  evangelical  and  most  valuable  work,  genernllv 
commended  and  admired  for  the  vein  of  spirituality  and  devotion 
which  runs  through  It  as  well  as  for  the  elegant  taste  displayed 
in  the  ■  ""'tration  of  difficult  passages.  The  author's  design  ifto 
Illustrate  the  historical  sense  of  the  P,<«lms  as  they  rel.ile  t"  Kin» 

fn%V  Mo  -^  "r?!"  "ni""i  ;»'""<'  Poi"'  out  their  applicatioS 
to  the  Messmh,  to  the  Church,  and  to  individuals  as  members  of 
the  Church.  '—Loivnrlts's  Brit  Lib 

"  A  delightful  amplilication  of  the  music  of  Zion,  wherein  every 

^!^^,^'L?■■  r  r'^'^"7-^',  P'"Phelic  and  recondite  meaning 
pointed  out.  — Grant's  Etiglish  Clutrch. 

Bishop  Home's  description  of  a  censurable  style  of 
preaching,  too  common  even  in  our  own  days,  has  been 
already  referred  to  in  an  extract  from  Bickersteth's  Chris- 
tian Student.  The  bishop's  remarks  are  well  worthy  of 
quotation  : 

"  T.>  preach  practical  sermons,  as  they  are  called,— that  is,  ser- 
mons upon  virtues  and  vices,  without  inculcating  those  great 
bcripture  truths  of  redemption,  grace,  4c.,  which  alone  incite  and 


HOR 

enable  us  to  forsake  sin  and  to  follow  after  righteousness  —what 
Kit  but  to  put  together  the  wheels  and  set  the  hands  of  a  watch, 
lorgettiug  the  spring  which  is  to  make  them  all  go  ?" 

For  further  information  respecting  this  excellent  man, 
see  his  Life,  by  Jones;  Encyc.  Brit. ;  Sir  \Vm  Forbes'3 
Life  of  Dr.  Beattie ;  Boswell's  Life  of  Johnson-  Lon 
Gent.  Mag.,  vols.  Ixii.,  l.viii.,  Ixvi.  He  was  a  friend  of 
Dr.  Johnson  s,  and  penned  a  tribute  to  his  memory,  (in 
the  0  la  Podrida;)  and  Johnson's  biographer  has  left  on 
record  an  honourable  testimony  to  the  charact 
subject  of  our  notice 


character  of  the 


"We  [Johnson  and  Boswell]  dr.ink  tea  with  Dr.  Home,  late 
President  ol  Magdalen  College  and  Bishop  of  Norwich,  of  wliose 
abilities  m  difl-erent  respects  the  public  has  had  eminent  proofs, 
and  the  esteem  annexed  to  whose  character  was  increased  by 
knowing  him  personally."— W;i  supra. 

Home,  H.  P.  Bianca  Capello ;  a  Tragedy,  Lon.,  1847.  ■ 
■•A  metrical  arrangement  of  ten  syllables  is  not  necessarily 
poetry,  any  more  than  rant  disposed  in  broken  sentences  is  n.itu. 
rally  iiassion."— io„.  Athenaum.  1S47,  p.  516. 

Horne,  Henry.  1.  Essays  cone.  Iron  and  Steel, 
Lon.,  17,.-),  12ino.     2.  S.and  Iron;  Phil.  Trans,  1703 

Horne,  John,  d.  1076,   aged   61,   a  Non-conformist 
divine,  educated  at  Trin.  Coll.,  Camb.,  Vicar  of  Allhallows 
Lynn-Regis,  Norfolk,  ejected  for  Non-conformity',  166'> 
was  the  author  of  a  poem  called  The  Divine  Wooer,  Lon 
167,3,  and  some  serms.  and  theolog.  treatises,  1G49-73. 
Horne,  John.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1768,  4to. 
Home,  or  Horn,  John.     Sowing  Machine  for  every 
kind  of  Grain,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1786,  8vo. 
Horne,  John.     Serin.,  1812,  Svo. 
Home,  John.     See  Tooke. 
Horne,  Melville.     Serms.,  ic,  1791-lSll 
Horne,  Richard  Henry,  b.  in  London,  180.3,  was 
educated  at  Sandhurst  College,  in  expectation  of  a  mili- 
tary appointment  in   the  East  India  Company's  service. 
Disapptontcd  in  this  hope,  he  entered  the  Mexican  navy 
as  a  midshipman,  and  served  in  the  war  against  Spain 
lintil  the  restoration  of  peace.     Ho  then  returned  to  Eng- 
land by  the  way  of  the  United  States,  and  settled  down 
as  a  London  m.an  of  letters.     In  1S62  he  emigrated  to 
the    gold-holds  of    Australi.a,  .ind,    after   serving    some 
time  as  Chief  of  the  Mounted  Police,  now  holds  the  office 
of  Gold  Commissioner,— an  auriferous  proximity  seldom 
enjoyed  by  poets  ;  though  we  fear  the  author  of  the  Ex- 
position of  the   "False   Medium"  has  had   but  little  on 
portunily  as  yet  of  testing  the  value  of  the  true  •■  medium  " 
Mr.  Horne  was  married  iu  1847  to  Miss  Foggo.  the  daugh- 
ter  of  tho  artist,  and  for  some  time  afterwards  enioyed  an 
envuable  seclusion  in  a  cottage  near  Fiudley.   1.  Cosmo  de 
Metlici ;  an  Historical  Tragedy,  1837,  8vo.     2.  Tho  Death 
of  Marlowe:    a  Tragedy,  1838,  r.  Svo.      3.  The   Death 
letch.     4.  Adventures  of  a  London   Doll,  16mo.     5.  The 
Good-natured  Bear;    a  Story  for  Children,  16mo      6    Ex 
position  of  the  False  Medium,  and  Barriers  excluding  Men 
ol   Genius  from   the  Public,  1838,   p.  Svo.     7    The"  Poor 
Artist;  or.  Seven  Eye-Sights  and  One  Object,  12mo      8 
Gregory  the  Seventh ;  a  Tragedy,  1840,  8vo.     Prefixed  is 
an  Essay  on  Tragic  Influence,  which  h.as  been  highly  com- 
mended.    It  is  said  that  Mr.  Home  considers  Gregory  the 
Seventh  to  be  his  best  dramatic  production.     9.  Life  of 
Napoleon,  1841,  2  vols.  r.8vo;    600  illustrations.     New 
ed.,   184,.      10.   Orion;    an  Epic   Poem,  1843.       Several 
edits.,  the  first  of  which  was  pub.  at  a  farthing,— a  "price 
placed  upon  it  as  a  sarcasm  upon  the  low  estimation  into 
which   epic  poetry  has  fallen." 

Three  large  editions  were  sold  at  a  farthing  per  copy - 
he  4th  ed.  was  raised  to  a  shilling  per  copy,  and  tho  6th 
to  half  a  crown. 

Aiiii"-  '1J'"''  ,^'!^'  °!"^  '^'''''  '"'"'"  "'•'  ='"thor  was  sitting  in  Mr 
Millers  the  publisher's  shop,  a  boy  came  in,  aud  sbou  ed  out  in 
a  noncha  ant  voice,  ■A  penn'orth  of  epics'  throwiu"  a  Dennv 
down  on  the  counter."  ■"'"•>  iu„  a  penny 

Now,  this  anecdote  «m.v  be  tme :  therefore,  it  does  not 
become  us  to  deny  it.  M'e  may  be  allowed,  however  to 
remark,  in  passing,  that  it  fit,  in  as  well  as  if  it  had  been 

made  on  inirpose."  A  very  elaborate  and  most  culo- 
gistic  review  of  Orion  will  be  found  in  Poe's  Literati  -^e 
hope  the  reader  has  time  to  peruse  it;  certain  it  is  that  we 
have  no  space  to  quote  it. 

11.  A  New  Spirit  of  tho  Age,  1844,  2  vols.  p.  8vo.  Partly 
written  and  edited  by  K.  H.  Home.  The  2d  ed.  contains 
Introductory  Comments  upon  Certain  Criticisms  that  had 
appeared  on  the  work. 

Tho  volumes  are  illustrated  with  engravings  on  steel, 

from  new  and  original  portraits,  of  Dickens,  Tennyson, 

Carlyle,   'Wordsworth,    Talfourd,    Browning,    Southwood 

Smith,  and  Miss  Martineiiu. 

"In  the  biographical  slietchcs  the  editor  has  carefully  excluded 


HOR 


HOR 


all  disagreeable  personalities  and  all  iTTnr.irrnnt.iMe  anpfdntes. 
The  critlL'isins  are  entirely  on  absti-act  prouiuls.  He  may  be  often 
wrong,  but  it  is  with  :i  clear  couscieucL'." — Editor's  Preface. 

Among  the  "  celebrities*'  noticed  in  this  work  will  be 
found  Charles  Dickens,  Lord  Asliley,  Br.  South  wood 
Smith,  Sir  E.  L.  Bulwcr,  Alfred  Tennyson,  Sheridan 
Knowle?.  Mr.  Macready.  Thomas  Ingoldsby,  W.  H.  Ains- 
worth,  T.  B.  Macauhiy,  G.  P.  R.  James,  Mrs.  Gore,  Captain 
Marryat,  Mrs.  TroUope,  Walter  Savage  Landor,  William 
and  Mary  Ilowitt,  Thomas  Hood,  Theodore  Hook,  Harriet 
Martioeau,  Mrs.  Jameson,  Dr.  Pusey,  Mr.  Sergeant  TaU 
fourd,  Mrs.  Norton,  Miss  E.  B.  BarrL-tt,  Rev.  Sydney  Smith, 
A.  Fonblanque,  Douglas  Jerrold,  W.  Wordsworth,  Leigh 
Hunt,  Robert  Browning,  J.  W.  Marston,  Mrs.  Shelley, 
Thomas  Carlyle,  Rev.  Robert  Montgomery,  Banim,  and 
the  Irish  Novelists.  See  Westminster  Rev.,  xli.  357; 
Democratic  Rev.,  xv.  49;  South.  Quar.  Rev.,  vii.  312j  xv. 
41;  South.  Lit.  Mess.,  xi.  55. 

12.  Spirit  of  Peers  and  People,  p.  8vo.  13.  Ballads  and 
Romances,  1846,  12mo. 

"Home,  the  author  of  the  fine  poem  of  Orion,  and  of  ballads 
fullof  vi|:our,  origin.tlity,  and  a  sound  and  healthy  sentiment." — 
Il'jwiU's  If'tnes  and  Haunts  of  the.  mmt  Eminent  Uritish  Puds. 

14.  Judas  Iscariot,  a  Miracle  Play;  with  Poems,  1848, 
fp.  8vo.  Judas  Iscariot  is  founded  upon  a  most  untenable 
hypothesis  because  one  directly  opposed  to  Scripture. 
15.  The  Dreamer  and  the  Worker,  1851,  2  vols.  p.  8vo.  We 
trust  that  our  poet  "worker"  will  return  from  the  gold- 
fields  of  Australia  with  substantial  evidences  of  something 
better  than  "dreams"'  as  tlie  employment  of  his  exiled 
hours.  Mr.  Home  is  also  the  author  of  an  Introduction 
to  Schlegel's  Lectures  on  Dramatic  Literature  and  Art, 
was  the  associate  of  Wordsworth,  Leii^h  Hunt,  Miss  Bar- 
rett, and  others,  in  the  production  of  Chaucer  Modernized, 
was  for  some  time  editor  of  the  Monthly  Repository,  and 
has  been  a  contributor  to  the  Church  of  England  Quar- 
terly Review,  the  New  Quarterly  Review,  and  other 
periodicals.  Among  his  essays  in  the  Church  of  England 
Quarterly,  we  may  instance  those  on  Poetical  Contrasts, 
and  on  Albertus  Magnus;  and,  of  those  in  the  New  Quar- 
terly, it  may  be  sufficient  to  name  the  article  on  Chinese 
Characteristics,  and  that  on.  The  Dramatic  Mind  of 
Europe. 

Home,  Robert,  d.  15S0,  Dean  of  Durham,  was  con- 
secrated Bishop  of  Winchester,  Feb.  1560-Cl.  An  Answer 
to  Fekenham's  Declaration  of  Scruples  of  Conscience 
touching  the  Oaths  of  Supremacy,  Lon.,  1566,  4to. 

Home,  Robert.  Certain  Sermons  on  the  Rich  Man 
and  Lazarus,  Lon.,  1619,  4to. 

Home,  Thomas.  1.  Janua  Linguarum  ;  or,  A  Col- 
lection of  Latin  Sentences,  with  the  English  of  them,  Lon., 
1634,  8vo.  2.  Manductio  in  £edem  Palladis;  qua  Utilis- 
Eima  Methodus  Authores  bonos  legendi  indigiatur,  1641, 
8vo. 

Home,  Thomas,  D.D.,  Vicar  of  Kilkington,  Here- 
fordshire, Chaplain  of  St.  Saviour's,  Southwark.  1.  Fast 
Serm.  on  Prov.  xiv.  34,  Lon.,  177S,  4to.  2.  Reflections 
on  the  Sabbath,  1796,  Svo.  3.  Serms.  on  Rom.  viii.  31, 
1803,  8vo. 

Home,  Thomas.  1.  Hist,  of  the  Rise  and  Progress 
of  the  Belgian  Republic  until  the  Revolution  under  Philip 
II.  J  from  the  German  of  Schiller,  Lon.,  1807,  12mo. 

"  Schiller,  unitint^  the  ardour  of  a  soldier  to  the  soul  of  a  states- 
man and  the  baud  of  an  historian,  has  portmyt-d  the  shades  of 
former  times  with  dramatic  i)0wer,  and  in  a  noble  spirit.'' — Sia 
AiicmiiALD  Alison  :  Hist,  of  Eurrjpc. 

2.  Memoirs  of  Nature  and  Art;  from  the  German  of 
Goethe,  1808,  3  vols.  Svo.  An  anonymous  abridgt.  and 
trans,  of  the  same.  1807,  3  vols.  12mo.  4.  Essays  and 
Tales;   from  the  German  of  Engel,  1808,  12mo. 

Home,  Thomas,  Rector  of  St  Catherine,  Colman. 
The  Religious  Necessity  of  the  Reformation  Asserted,  and 
the  Extent  to  which  it  was  carried  in  the  Church  of  Eng- 
land Vindicated,  in  eight  Serms.  preached  at  the  Bampton 
Lects.,  1828,  Oxford,  1828,  8vo. 

*'One  of  the  most  able,  most  liberal,  and  most  convincing 
treatises  in  defence  of  our  church,  and  of  all  Protestant  churches 
in  general  which  yet  retain  the  truth  as  it  is  in  Christ,  that  it 
has  ever  fallen  to  our  lot  to  notice  or  peruse  ;  which  we  recom- 
mend, withnat  compromise  or  drawback  of  any  kind,  to  all  who 
desire  to  read  a  work  equally  deserving  of  attention  as  to  its  style 
as  well  as  the  important  nature  of  the  topic  of  which  it  treats." — 
Lon.  Chris.  Pern'  ml'rancur. 

Home,  Thomas  Hartwell,  D.D.,  b.  Oct.  20, 1780, 
received  the  rudiments  of  a  classical  educati^in  between 
the  years  1789  and  '95  in  the  royal  and  ancient  founda- 
tion of  Christ's  Hospital,  where,  for  two  years,  he  was 
contemporary  with  Samuel  Taylor  Coleridge.  Having 
attained  the  rank  of  Deputy-Grecian,  (the  second  highest 
class  in  the  upper  grammar-school,;  he  quitted  Christ's 


'  Hospital  at  the  ajye  of  fifteen  years,  having  no  opportunity 
of  proceeding  to  the  university.  The  eldest  of  six  orphang, 

'  small  of  stature,  and  not  robust,  he  was  unfitted  fur  any 
employment  requiring  physical  strength;  and  eight  years 
of  his  life  were  spent  in   the  humble  situation  of  a  clerk 

,  to  barristers.  As  he  had  a  good  deal  of  time  at  his  com- 
mand during  the  first  live  years  of  his  career,  he  diligently 
improved  himself  by  sr)litury  study,  and  acquired  an  in- 
sight into  the  law  of  England,  which  he  was  afterwards 

j  enabled  to  turn  to  account  in  editing  various  law-books. 

'  The  very  narrow  income  which  he  received  as  a  barrister's 
clerk  early  led  Mr.  Home  to  direct  his  attention  to  litera- 
ture as  a  means  of  support.  His  first  pulilit.-ation  was  A 
Brief  View  of  the  Necessity  and  Truth  of  the  Christian 
Revelation,  written  when  he  was  only  eighteen,  and  pub- 
lished in    1800,  in   his  nineteenth  year.     The  publication 

;  of  this  little  manual  led  him  to  the  dili;;ent  and  prayer- 

I  ful  study  of  the  Scriptures,  and  eventually  induced  him 
to  undertake  the  work  by  which  he  is  best  knowu  in  this 

'  country  as  well  as  in  England,  ami,  indeed,  wherever  the 
English  language  is  spoken  or  read.    We  mean  the  Intro- 

I  duction  to  the  Critical  Study  and  Knowledge  of  the  Holy 
Scriptures.  In  the  preface  to  this  work,  Mr.  Home  states 
that  it 

I  "Originated  in  his  own  wants  at  an  early  period  of  life,  when 
he  stood  in  need  of  a  guide  to  the  reading  of  the  Holy  Scriptures, 
which  would  not  only  furnish  him  ^^ith  a  gt-nt-ral  introduction  to 
them,  hut  would  also  enable  him  to  solve  apparent  contradictions, 
and  to  study  the  Bible  with  that  attention  which  its  importance 
demands." 

I       At  that  time  he 

*'  Had  no  friend  to  assist  his  studies  or  remove  bis  doubts,  nor 
any  means  of  procuring  critical  works.     At  length  a  iist  of  the 

:  more  eminent  foreign  Biblical  critics  fell  into  his  hands,  and  di- 
rected him  to  some  of  those  sources  of  information  which  he  was 
seeking.  He  then  resolved  to  procure  such  of  them  as  his  very 
limited  means  would  permit,  with  the  design,  in  thetirst  instance, 

■  of  satisfying  his  own  mind  on  those  topics  which  had  perplexed 
him.  and,  ultimately,  of  laying  before  the  public  the  result  of  his 
inquiries,  should  no  treatise  appear  that  might  supersede  suth  a 
publication." — Vol.  i.  Pref ,  pp.  is.,  x. 

j  The  idea  thus  conceived  _^//^-e/</A(  years  alohas  been 
steadily  kept  in  view  to  the  present  time.  The  foundation 
and   much  of  the   subsequent  composition  of   this  work 

j  were  laid,  for  the  most  part,  in   solitary  midnight  study. 

!  However  much  and  variously  he  was  engaged  in  literary 
toil  for  his  daily  bread,  (as  the  subjoined  list  of  his  publica- 
tions will  attest,)  the  Introduction   to  the  Study  of  the 

^  Scriptures  was  the  first  and  chief  object  of  his   thoughts. 

I  The  1st  edition  of  it  appeared  in  1818  in  3  vols.  Svo,  which 
in  subsequent  editions  were  enlarged  into  five  thick  octavo 

;  volumes.     It  immediately  took  its  station  in  literature  as 

I  THE  Class-Book  for  the  study  of  the  Scriptures  in  all  the 
colleges  and  universities  in  the  British  dominions.  The 
author  has  been  spared  to  see  the  publication  of  the  10th 

I  edition  in  1S56, — thirty-eight  yeai-s  after  the  publication 
of  the  1st  edition, — and  to  receive  increasing  testimonies 

'  of  its  utility  to  all  classes  of  readers,  but  especially  to 
ministers  and  students  for  the  ministry.     From  the  very 
numerous  critical  testimonies  in  favour  of  this  invaluable 
work,  we  select  the  following: 
The  first  edition  : 

"Of  all  the  works  which  of  late  years  have  been  presented  to 
the  notii-e  of  the  Biblical  student,  this  is  one  of  the  most  correct 
and  useful.    It  is  .^n  encyclnpaedia  of  theological  knowledge.    It 

I  is  a  complete  abridgment  of  many  extensive  treatises  of  the  most 
celebrated  divines   both  of  our  own  and  foreign  cuun tries;  and  it 

j  entitles  its  author  to  the  gratitude  and  approbation  of  every  lover 

I  of  the  sacred  volume."— Cktssical  Journal,  Sept.  1819. 

[  ^  "This  elaborate  work  retlects  great  credit  on  the  learning  and 
industry  of  its  author,  and  is,  upon  the  whole,  well  calculated  to 
answer  the  purposes  for  which  it  was  designed." — British  Critic, 

I  Juiie,  1S19. 

"It  is  saying  much, — yet,  as  far  as  our  knowledge  of  Biblical  works 
extends,  not  too  much, — to  assert  of  these  volumes,  that  they  con- 
stitute the  most  iuiportant  theological  publication  of  their  kind 
which  has  appeared  in  this  or  any  other  country  for  some  years. 

I  ....  No  well-assorted  theological  library  can  be  long  without  it; 
and  even  those  students  iu  di\iuity  whose  pecuniary  resources 
are  too  limited  to  admit  of  wanton  e.xpendituie  would  do  well,  on 
the  score  of  economy,  to  include  these  volumes  in  their  library.** 
— Christea7i  Observer,  November,  1S19. 

"This  work  contains  every  information  which  the  general  reader 
of  Scripture  ran  possibly  require;  but  to  clergymen,  and  to  those 
who  are  preparing  for  the  sacred  office,  it  is  an  invaluable  manu.-il; 
and  (what  is  no  mean  consideration)  it  is  also  a  cheap  one." — iite* 
vary  Panorama,  Sejitemhcr,  1818. 

'•  It  is  all  it  pretends  to  be,  and  even  more,  being  written  with 
a  judicif.us  perspii-uity,  and  executed  with  a  degree  of  correctness 
that  we  do  not  often  witness."— i:Vaj7(;f7(C<(/  Magazine.  Oct.  1818. 

I      The  second,  third,  fourth,  fifth,  and  sixth  editions  : 

"  Upon  the  whole,  it  is  a  very  useful  publication,  and  does  great 
credit  to  the  industry  and  researches  of  the  indefatigable  author.'* 
—Bishop  Afarxh's  Lectures  on  the  Criticism  and  Interpretation  of  the 

I  Bibk,  pp.  52,  53.  ed.  of  1S28. 

1      "I  would  advise  the  younger  clergy,  and  candidates  for  Holy 


IIOR 

p^^^t^^::  jr:s?s»  t?^7^- 

iTlSf.'  p"  jW       ^    "■'"'■"  ■*  "'«  -E"rf«,a-^-  „/  (7/,mi,v„uYi,,  VOL 

ran,?emen?a?'?h"?""  f  ''"'■Jf^^f"!  industry  and  luminous  ar- 
rangement as  the  present  age  has  seldom  seen  ;  a  copious  instruc- 

w™„.,  ;  ?  T.  -'.  "ct'ouiplished."— ^rc/idracw  Nam's  Visitation 
SS!  p  2i  ■^'•-''*'^--''«  «"rf  CTer^i^  «/  W«  t%  of  L^a^^iZ 

^I'l^  ""mprehensive  and  complete  as  quite  to  supersede  manv 
works  that  would  otherwise  have  been  necessary."- B,c°er"tt-s 
Chrislmn  Stiulent.  p.  454.  (London,  1S20  )  aKi.tniau  j. 

'•Great  adv.intases  may  be  derived  frim  the  rrpeatcd  nerusal  of 
Horne  s  Introduct.on  to  the  Critical  Study  of  the  Scr  pfures  i^,  4 
ToLs.  8vo.  .    .  It  contains  much  invaluable  information  resreci,^ 

will  w!*i' h  "'""'""'P''  "'"^  ^■'''^'™^  of  ">«  '=••«■'■"<"  boo°<s!the  c  e 
wilh  which    hey  were  preserved  before  the  invention  of  nrint?^^ 

t^^S^'tra'^u' iVier/  Tr '-- i— "i"^"  to  our  ow^u  ; im  t 
The  seventh  edition  : 

co;,j^^"^reSn'^t:!;i^Sc?tS^'S„^!;ri^:f '-  *"'' 

The  eighth  edition: 

diligently  and  patiS  Iv  pu     ,rthe  suwS  f„,  ?Jo''  ?J'-""''  '■""' 

w,t^„r';"-,*.° "'■''■'■  l"''  >™'hfrS™rrs'ma v'havrac'cess  Tnd 
■'In   every  tbeoloRical   library  this  work  is  indispensable     It 

There  is  scarcely  a  ques   in  rrfatin"  to  ,b  "'.'".  ""J  llnEUHCe. 

Hiiiiliii 


"  "'■  "Si""''  ^'''■'"  "°''''  ''"^  ^'^™  '°o  lo-S  t^fore  the  public  to 


HOR 

need  a  formal  introduction  to  the  notice  of  eiibo,  i,„  „  ,  •  , 
.rcader-s.  The  appearanceof  a  ninth  ed  ion  snffi"  h'^  .■". ''''■'''''■''' 
estimation  in  which  it  is  deservedly  he  dn^r),™"^,,''"'''"'""'' 
much  when  we  assert  that  it  hag  nndon  ,  „  ^"  ""  ''•■'""'■''  "» 
of  theolosical  and  BilSal  merahte^L"^^  ?''''•'''''' <■>'•■•"'>••'''■• 
There  i.s,  in  fact,  scarre  ^a  sin'l  ,n™.  "'f'',."'  Christendom, 
of  the  Scriptur;s,  wht^M  iforne  ha,  " /t  .'i""'.-"  """  "'""^ 
satisfactorily  settled.  His  Introduction  u^  "Al  '^'^'"^'^'i  ""J 
which  Biblical  students  „„hj-..  ""■  "f  'ho.se  works  with 
too  soon  niLe  them  el4  ^  2„  "i^.t'  '"■  '!°i^  O'"""  ™"""« 
sition  of  which  they  wm  Lver  ».ret"  fv"'"  "''•  ",",*  ""-"-T-i- 
1846.  '  "'"^  "*="*'■  —C/iurdi  and  SUUt  Gaittle, 

eSory'orBrn  '  1  T7  ■■"^^^'^dness'to  this  aZ'i'S 
repository  of  Biblical   literature.     The  tone  of  Christian 

:lii.in™urshe?     e'  ri'r 0^/    ?  t  Trne'°^'^'°?'  ^"'"^'^ 
the  notice  of  the  readies  rf  the  uZ'^r^Cr'  "'"'"" 
besides  the  ten  editions  printed  in  England,  Mr.  Home's 
W  witW,  t''"  "P^"'^^"y  'Sprinted  in  the  United  S,™es 
2  vol"  imn%r^  pecuniary  advantage  to  the  author,  in 
mini  tb  P'      ?'  """'■"''"  '"  *  ^l"-  8™'  to  'he  =""oun    of 
many  thousand    copies;  which,  added   to  the   aj^reira^o 
mimher  of  lo.OOO  copies  of  the  first  nine  London  fditi!ns 
exhibits  an  utiprecedented  sale  for  a  work  of  thi    eha 
raete,,  especially  when  the  bulk  and  price  are  considered 
This   extensive  circulation  may  be  ascribed    in  nart  It 
least   to  the  facts  that  the   Int'^oduction  has  throCho] 
rerrdlel'°f'"  '''""  "'  ^^^^^  "■>"  -defatigah  1™  J?„dy 

I  ds^nd  that'f/""""  ;°  '"'™"°S  "'■'  «1"'»i'«  "i'i^^ 
aids,  and  that  it  is  ,wi  a  sectarian  work.     Christians  of 

every  denomination  have  studied  it  to  their  great  advan 
tage;  and  Mr  Horne,  in  the  course  of  his  lof'  life  (he^s 
re":,™  not  2fw  ^r  °'  '"^'  f^"^  ""^  ^-^  P?rmm'ed  t" 

e.;^L'^^'^i^s^;-x^^s:f  o?i™r  :s^i  's 

he  never  lost  an  opportunity  of  commending  iUo  a  frfeid"'  """* 

th:^^afi?iivS^^t;i's;^^°'^s'^i?;-<^-'T*o 

irirt,  vol.  ii.  p.  388.  -"-"Ptuies.  —h-mnedi/s  Uemoirs  of  W. 

It  has,  in  fact  conduced  more  than  any  other  modern 
work  to  the  enlarged  study  of  sacred  literntnr^  „n5 
eventually  it  led  to  the  realLtion  of  Mr  Home's 'ion. ^ 
rh^h  f"^'^  f  ''r°""S  himself  to  the  minfj^ry  in  "h^ 
Church  of  England.  The  death  of  his  parents  havin- 
prevented  him  from  prosecuting  his  stud  s  at  either  o? 
the  English  universities.  Dr.  Howlev  at  tbnt  ,LTil-\ 
of  London,  disregarded  his  want  ^tYn  EngUsh  a"ade  ,  "S 
degree,  and,  considering  his  Introductio°u  as  an  a 
pnate  a^d  honourable  pa.ssport  to  Holy  Orders,  ordained  him 
1  A  u     ,         preceding  year  the  University  of  King's  Col- 

in  1(129  Mr.  Horne  performed  the  academical  etercisea 

Sr"  o'^b'd    ""lr''1J^-'"""'^^'  '"="  1-ooeeded  to   he 
S4?  tbo  II       •     .  '^c  ""'""ity  of  Cambridge;  and  in 
H    th  .  I'^/'iVn*^  Pennsylvania  conferred  upon  Mr" 
H.  the  degree  of  1).D.     In   1833  Dr.  Howley  (then  Arch 
bishop  of  Canterbury)  presented  him  to  the^e'ctorv  of  St" 
tdtuund-the-K.ng  with   St.  NichoKas  Aeons,  in    the  eUy 
ol   London,  as  a  small  token  of  his  esteem  fo;  Mr  Horne's 
personal  worth    and  his  sense  of  the  services  wMch  Mr 
H.  had  rendered  by  his  works  to  the  theological  an  1  IJibnl 
cal  studen  .     Dr   Blomfleld,  Bishop  of  London,  had  pre 
vionsly  collated  him  to  the  prebend  of  Sneatin/^u  the 
Cathedral  01  St.  Paul,  as  a  mark  of  the  esteem  w1  i  h  the 
bishop  entertained  of  the  value  of  those  service    wh.h 
Mr.  Horne  had  rendered  to  the  cause  of  Christianity  by  hi" 
different  publications,  especially  his  Introduction  toMe 
Study  ol    he  Scriptures.     As  the  population  of  the  United 
Parishes  (of  which  Mr.  H.  is  rector)  is  small,  he  has  found 
tune  to  produce  many  valuable  publications,  and  also  to 
k  ep  up  an  extensive  correspondence  with  1  terary  n"e„ 
w    h  ?ho'"  ^  "'t''  "'"f  r''"  ""  ™«''*=<=1  i"  eontrmersy 
"e  en  1    f  b       ■",?'    "^   "'"    ""'''^™    '^'''"^oh   of   Rome^ 
fdificn  ■         A  P""'™  '.""^  "»fe  written  primarily  for  the 
edification  of  his  parishioners  and  their  families,  by  whon! 
they  were  gratefully  received  and  acknowledged      ir'.nlv 
remains  to  state,  iu  concluding  this  notice  of  Mr.  Horned 


HOE 


literary  onrcer,  that  in  1S09  he  wns  elected  Suh  L,hrarmn 
of  the  Puney  Im'ituti..n,  «hieh  office  he  held  unt.l  the 
in.=titution  was  dissolved  for  want  of  the  requisite  funds, 
in  1S''3  In  1S24  he  was  applied  to,  and  eventually  en- 
Ka.'ed,  by  the  then  Trustees  of  the  British  Museum,  to 
umiertake  a  classed  catalogue  of  that  library.  For  their 
consideration,  and  by  their  desire,  he  drew  up  the  Outlines 
for  the  Classification  of  a  Library,  which  were  printed  in 
1825.  After  very  considerable  progress  had  been  made  in 
that  classed  cataloKue,  it  was  suspended  for  a  new  General 
Alphabetical  Catalogue,  which  is  now  in  progress,  anrt 
on  which  Mr.  Home  is  still  employed  as  an  Assistant 
Librarian.  If  that  classed  catalogue  bad  been  completed, 
it  would,  on  a  large  scale,  have  been  what  Mr.  Homes 
valuable  classed  catalogue  of  Queen's  Ccdlege  Library, 
Cambridge,  is  on  a  smaller  scale.  The  following  is  a  cor- 
rect list  of  Mr.  Home's  publications  :  ,„,„,. 

1  A  Brief  View  of  the  Necessity  and  Truth  of  the  OtiriB- 
tian  Revelation,  Lon.,  ISOO ;  2d  cd..  1S02,  8vo. 

2.  A  View  of  the  Commerce  of  Greece,  by  Felix  Beaa- 
iour;  translated  from  the  French.  ISOO,  8vo. 

3.  An  Essay  on  Privateers.  Captures,  and  Recaptures, 
according  to  the  Laws,  Treaties,  and  Usages  of  the  Mari- 
time Powers  of  Europe,  by  M.  de  Marions.  To  which  is 
Bubioined  a  Discourse,  in  which  the  Rights  and  Dulles 
of  is^eutral  Powers  are  briefly  stated ;  translated  Irom  the 
French,  ISOl.  ,  t>       i  .• 

4  A  Compendium  of  the  Statute  Laws  and  Regulations 
of  the  Court  of  Admiralty  relative  to  Ships  of  War,  Pri- 
vateers, Prizes,  Recaptures,  and  Prize-Money;  with  an 
Appendix  of  Precedents,  1S03,  12mo. 

6.  Wallis's  Pocket  Itinerary  ;  being  a  New  and  Accurate 
Guide  to  all  the  Principal.  Direct,  and  Cross-Roads  through- 
out England,  Wales,  and  Scotland.  1803,  ISmo.  Anon.        . 

6  A  Treatise  on  Captures  in  War,  by  Rich.ard  Lee,  Esq. ; 
2d  ed.,  corrected,  with  additional  Notes  by  Mr.  Home, 
1803,  8vo.  ,  „      , 

7.  Hints  on  the  Formation  and  Management  of  bunday- 
Bchools.  1807,  12mo.  Anon.  ,     t,  ,     , 

8.  A  Reading  upon  the  Statute  of  Sewers,  by  Robert 
Callis,  Sergeant-at-Law ;  4th  ed.,  corrected  and  enlarged 
by  Mr.  Home,  1810,  r.  8vo. 

9  Bibliotheca  Legum ;  or,  a  Complete  Cat.-ilogue  of  the 
Commou  and  Statute  Law-Books  of  the  United  Kingdom, 
arranged  in  a  new  manner,  by  John  Clarke.  The  mate- 
rials were  collected  by  the  publisher,  Mr.  Clarke ;  but  the 
whole  were  arranged,  corrected,  and  edited  by  Mr.  Home, 
1810.  Svo.     See  Clarke,  .Jons. 

10  A  Catalogue  of  the  Library  of  the  Surrey  Institution, 
methodically  arranged,  1811;  2d  ed.,  1812,  Svo.  Anon. 

11.  A  Catalogue  of  the  Harleian  Manuscripts  in  the 
British  Museum,  classed  according  to  their  Subjeet-Matter; 
forming  the  4th  vol.  of  the  Catalogue  of  the  Harleian  Manu- 
scripts, 1812,  Svo. 

12.  An  Introduction  to  the  Study  of  Bibliography  ;  to 
•which  is  prefixed  a  Memoir  on  the  Public  Libraries  of  the 
Antients,  1814,  2  vols.  Svo. 

13.  A  Compendious  Law  Dictionary,  by  Thomas  Potts; 
a  new  ed.,  carefully  revised,  corrected,  and  enlarged,  by 
Mr.  Home.  1815,  Svo  and  12mo. 

14.  An  Illustrated  Record  of  Important  Events  in  the 
Annals  of  Europe  during  the  years  1812,  '13,  'U,  and  '15, 
fol.  Anon. 

15.  The  Lakes  of  Lancashire,  Westmoreland,  and  Cum-  i 
berland,  delineated  in  43  Engravings  after  the  Drawings 
of  Joseph  Farington.  R.A.;  with  Descriptions,  Historical, 
Topogr.apbical,  and  Picturesque,  the  result  of  a  Tour  made 
by  T.  H.  Home  in  the  year  1816,  1816,  fol. 

16.  The  History  of  the  Mohammedan  Empire  in  Spain; 
designed  as  an  Introduction  to  the  Arabian  Antiquities  of 
Spain,  by  James  Cavanagh  Murphy,  1S16,  4to.  This  vo- 
lume was  written  in  conjunction  with  John  (jillies,  LL.D., 
and  Mr.  Professor  John  Shakspear,  of  the  East  India  Col- 
lege. One-half  of  this  volume  was  contributed  by  Mr. 
Home  ;  who  also  edited  Mr.  Murphy's  Arabian  Antiquities 
of  Spain,  1816,  fol.,  Mr.  M.  having  died  without  leaving 
any  materials  for  the  descriptions  of  the  engravings. 

17.  An  Analysis  of  the  Picture  of  the  Transfiguration, 
by  Raffaello  Sanzio  d'Urbino;  translated  from  the  French 
of  S  C.  Croze-Maignan,  by  Mr.  Home,  with  the  Remarks 
and  Observations  of  Vasari,  Mcngs,  Reynolds,  Fuseli,  and 
other  distinguished  artists,  1817,  fol. 

18.  An  Introduction  to  the  Critical  Study  and  knowledge 
of  the  Holy  Scriptures,  with  Maps  and  Fac- Similes  of 
Biblical  Manuscripts,  1818,  3  vols.  Svo;  9th  ed.,  revised, 
corrected,  and  enlarged,  by  Mr.  Home,  1846,  5  large  vols. 
8to;  lOth  ed.,  by  Mr.  Uurne,  with  the  assistance  of  Samuel 


IIOR 

Davidson,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  and  of  Samuel  Prideaux  Tregel. 
les,  LL.D.,  1856,  4  vols,  in  5,  Svo,  (vliie  aiilf.)  In  the  Ullh 
ed.,  the  valuable  bibliographical  volume  of  Mr,  Home  has 
been  necessarily  (though  on  his  part  most  reluctantly) 
omitted  in  order  to  make  room  for  much  new  critical  mat- 
ter. Part  of  Mr.  Home's  first  volume,  on  the  Internal 
Evidences  of  the  Inspiration  of  the  Scriptures,  was  trans- 
lated into  Romaic,  or  modern  Greek,  by  Professor  Nicholas 
Bambas,  (afterwards  of  the  University  of  Athens,)  and 
published  in  1834,  at  Hcrmopolis,  in  the  island  of  Syra, 
and  was  largely  circulated  in  (Greece.  The  translation 
is  entitled.  'Bourcpotoi  Ei-upynai  rnt  ii^jrvcmcwi  run  ypaipiM. 
ecuipM  u^rXrjiurur,)  tl'i  nai'Ta  m'ipumai;  ix  roti  AyyXi/roiP  (itra- 
diamSicitr,!  iiro  N.  Buji/Jd.     F,»  Ep^oMTroXti,  auXf.  ^ 

19  Deism  Refuted  ;  or.  Plain  Reasons  for  being  a  Chris- 
tian Lon  1819,  12mo.  Reprinted  at  Philadelphia,  1820, 
12m'o;  6th  ed.,  Lon.,  1826,  12nio.  This  little  volume,  with 
Mr,  Home's  pcrraissii.n,  contributed  five  tracts  to  the  series 
published  by  the  London  Religious  Tract  Society,  viz. : 
Nos.  316,  318,  319,  321,  .and  701. 

20  The  Scripture  Doctrine  of  the  Trinity  briefly  stated 
and  defended,  and  the  Church  of  England  vindicated  from 
the  charge  of  tincharitableness  in  retaining  the  Athana- 
sian  Creed,  1S20  ;  2d  ed.,  corrected,  182i;,  12mo. 

21.  Commentaries  on  the  Rom.an-Dutch  Law,  by  Simon 
van  Leeuwen,  LL.D.;  translated  from  the  Dutch  by  a 
Cingalese  Modeliar,  or  Native  Magistrate :  coUaled  through- 
out with  Van  Leeuwen's  Censura  Forensis,  and  edited, 
with  numerous  additional  references  to  the  Text-Books  on 
the  Roman  Civil  Law,  by  Mr.  Home,  1820,  r.  Svo.  Nearly 
the  whole  edition  of  this  work  was  sent  to  the  island  of 
Ceylon,  where  it  is  of  the  highest  authority. 

22.  The  Works  of  William  Hogarth,  (including  the 
Analysis  of  Beauty.)  elucidated  by  Descriptions,  critical, 
moral,  and  historical;  to  which  is  prefixed  Some  Account 
of  his  Life,  by  Mr.  Home.  The  engravings  were  executed 
by  Thomas  Clerk,  an  engraver  at  Edinburgh,  1821,  2  vols. 

23.  Outlines  for  the  Classification  of  a  Library,  respect- 
fully submitted  to  the  consideration  of  the  Trustees  of  the 
British  Museum,  by  Mr.  Horno.  1825,  4to, 

24.  A  Catalogue  of  the  Library  of  the  College  of  St. 
Bernard  and  St.  Margaret,  commonly  called  Queen's  Col- 
lege, in  the  University  of  Cambridge;  methodically  ar- 
ranged, 1827,  2  vols.  r.  Svo.  This  catalogue  is  classified 
according  to  the  principles  and  order  developed  in  the 
preceding  Outlines  for  the  Classification  of  a  Library. 

25.  Romanism  contradictory  to  the  Bible ;  or,  the  Pecu- 
liar Tenets  of  the  Church  of  Rome,  as  exhibited  in  her 
accredited  Formularies,  contrasted  with  the  Holy  Scrip- 
tures, Lon.,  1827,  Svo.  Translated  into  Spanish  by  the 
Rev.  W.  H.  Rule,  and  printed  at  Gibraltar  in  1840. 

26.  A  Compendious  Introduction  to  the  Study  of  the 
Bible  ;  being  an  Analysis  of  the  Introduction  to  the  Criti- 
cal Study  and  Knowledge  of  the  Holy  Scriptures,  Lon., 
1827,  12mo.  Reprinted  at  Boston,  Mass.,  1827,  12mo; 
9th  ed.,  1S52, 12mo.  This  is  an  abridgmentof  Mr.  Home's 
larger  Introduction. 

27.  A  Manual  of  Parochial  Psalmody,  adapted  to  the 
services  of  the  Church  for  every  Sunday,  ic.  throughout 
the  Year,  Lon.,  1829;  40th  ed.,  1856,  ISmo;  also  eds.  m 
12mo  and  32mo. 

28.  A  Selection  (by  Mr.  Home)  of  Psalm  and  Hymn- 
Tunes,  by  the  Best  Composers,  antient  and  modern:  the 
whole  harmonized  and  arranged  for  the  Manual  of  Paro- 
chial Psalmody,  by  Thomas  Henshaw,  1829.  New  ed., 
1852,  ob.  Svo. 

29.  The  Conversion  of  St.  Paul  a  Proof  of  the  Truth  of 
the  Christian  Revelation,  1831,  Svo.  An  anonymous  Tract, 
written  for  the  Society  for  Promoting  Christian  Knowledge. 

30.  A  Manual  for  the  Afllicted;  comprising  a  Practical 
Essay  on  Afllictions,  and  a  Series  of  Meditations  and 
Prayers  fur  those  who  are  in  sorrow,  trouble,  need,  sick- 
ness, or  any  other  adversity,  1832  ;  3d  ed.,  1842,  18mo. 
Reprinted  at  Boston,  Mass.,  1833,  ISmo. 

31.  Bibliographical  Notes  on  the  Book  of  Jasher,  Lon., 
1833,  Svo.  This  detection  of  a  gross  literary  forgery  was 
subseciuently  incorporated  in  the  fifth  or  bibliographical 
volume  of  the  Introduction  to  the  Critical  Study  of  the 
Scriptures. 

32.  A  Concise  History  and  Analysis  of  the  Athanasian 
Creed,  with  Select  Scripture  Proofs,  and  answers  to  some 
common  objections,  1834;  2d  ed.,  1S37,  ISmo. 

33.  A  Protest.ant  Memorial;  comprising— I.  A  Concise 
Historical  Sketch  of  the  Reformation ;  U.  The  Antiquity 
of  the  Religion  of  Protestants  Demonstrated;  III.  The 
Safety  of  adhering  to  the  Protestant  Church,  and  the  Daa- 


HOR 


IIOR 


fjer  of  continuing  in  the  Church  of  Home ;  IV.  Romaniem,  | 
(ir  the  System  of  Doctrine  and  Precepts  maintained  and 
inculcated  by  the  Church  of  Rome,  contradictory  to  the 
Bible,  1835;  10th  ed.,  enlarged.  1850.  13mo. 

34.  Landscape  Illustrations  of  the  Bible  ;  from  Original 
Sketches  taken  on  the  Spot  and  entrraved  by  W.  and  E. 
Finden,  with  Descriptions  by  Mr.  Home,  1836,  2  vols. 
8vo,  and  ful.  The  Biblical  Keepsake;  a  now  ed.  of  the 
preceding  work,  with  additions  and  corrections,  1835-37, 
3  vols.  8vo. 

35.  A  Manual  of  Biblical  Bibliography,  1839,  8vo.  This 
is  a  separate  edition  of  the  fifth  or  bibliographical  volume 
of  the  eighth  edition  of  Mr.  Home's  Introduction  to  the 
Study  of  the  Scriptures :  it  was  published  by  request,  for 
the  accommodation  of  bookbuycrs  and  booksellers. 

36.  The  Principles  of  Popery  Developed,  in  a  juridical 
and  historical  investigation  of  the  Gunpowder-Conspiracy; 
reprinted  from  the  Church  of  England  Quarterly  Review, 
1840,  Svo.  Anon. 

37.  Mariolatry;  or.  Facts  and  Evidences  demonstrating 
the  Worship  of  the  Virgin  Mary  by  the  Church  of  Rome, 

1840,  Svo.  Anon.  Reprinted,  with  additions  and  correc- 
tions furnished  by  Mr.  Home  to  the  American  editor,  the 
Rev.  S.  F.  Jarvis,  D.D.,  Hartford,  Conn.,  1844,  8vo. 

38.  A  new  edition,  with  corrections  and  additions,  of 
Dr.  J.  Williams's  (Bishop  of  Chichester)  Brief  Exposition 
of  the    Church    Catechism,  with   Scripture-Proofs,  Lon., 

1841,  12mo. 

39.  Popery  the  Enemy  and  Fnlsifier  of  Scripture;  or, 
Facts  and  Evidences  illustrative  of  the  conduct  of  the 
Modern  Church  of  Rome,  in  prohilriting  the  Reading  and 
Circuhition  of  the  Holy  Scriptures  in  the  Vulgar  Tongue, 
and  also  of  the  Falsification  of  the  Sacred  Text  in  Trans- 
lations executed  by  Romanists,  1844,  8vo.  Anon.  2d  ed., 
corrected  and  enlarged,  1845,  ISnio. 

40.  Popery  Delineated;  or,  a  Brief  Examination  and 
Confutation  of  the  Unscriptural  and  Anti-Scriptural  Doc- 
trines and  Practices  maintained  and  inculcated  by  the 
Modern  Church  of  Rome,  1848,  Svo.  Anon. 

41.  The  Communicant's  Companion  :  comprising  an  His- 
torical Essay  on  the  Lord's  Supper,  with  Meditations  and 
Prayers  for  the  use  of  Communicants,  1855,  32mo. 

Besides  numerous  sermons  communicated  to  different 
journals,  Mr.  Home  has  also  published  the  following 
single  sormons  on  various  public  occasions: 

42.  The  Conformity  of  the  Church  of  England,  in  her 
Ministry,  Doctrine,  and  Liturgy,  to  the  Apostolic  Precept 
and  Pattern ;  to  which  is  added  an  Address  on  the  Origin 
and  Use  of  Confessions  of  Faith  generally,  and  of  the 
Confession  of  Faith  of  the  United  Church  of  England  and 
Ireland  in  particular,  1834;  3d  ed.,  corrected  and  enlarged, 
1835,  8vo. 

43.  Jewish  and  Christian  Privileges  Compared;  Chris- 
tian Diligence;  Patriotism  a  Keligious  Duty:  Three 
Sermons  preached  before  the  Lord-Major,  Judges,  and 
Members  of  tiie  Corporation  of  the  City  of  London,  in  the 
year  1837,  1837,  4to. 

44.  The  Sovereign's  Prayer  and  the  People's  Duty;  a 
Sermon  on  occasion  of  the  Coronation  of  Queen  Victoria, 
1838,  Svo. 

45.  National  Piety  and  N.ational  Prosperity  inseparably 
connected;  a  Fast-Day  Sermon,  delivered  April  20,  1854, 
1854,  8vo. 

Dr.  Home  has  further  contributed  numerous  Historico- 
Ecclesiastical  and  Litorary  Articles  to  the  Encyclopasdia 
Metropolitana  ;  and  also  many  artieles  to  critical  journals, 
exposing  the  Principles,  Doctrines,  and  Practices  of  the 
Modern  Church  of  Rome. 

When  the  character,  the  number,  and  the  extensive  cir- 
culation of  Dr.  Home's  works  are  duly  considered,  we  shall 
hardly  be  accused  of  exaggeration  when  we  express  our 
conviction  that  a  more  useful  uninspireil  writer  has  seldom 
appeared  among  men.  The  influence  of  his  excellent 
Introduction  to  the  Study  and  Knowledge  of  the  Holy 
Scriptures  (to  instance  only  the  most  importjmt  of  his 
works)  has  now  for  a  period  of  nearly  forty  years  directed 
the  instructions  and  moulded  the  lives  of  thousands  of 
the  clergy  and  hundreds  of  thousands  of  the  laity  of 
two  hcrni.^pheres.  He  has  now  attained  the  ripe  age  of 
seventy-eight.  May  he  live  to  see  the  publication  of  this 
Dictionary,  in  the  progress  of  which  kindrL'd  pursuits  nnd 
an  expansive  benevolence  of  heart  have  led  him  to  take 
a  lively  interest.  He  was  one  of  our  curliest  guides  in 
Bibliography:  we  very  naturally  wish  him  to  behold  the 
matured  fruits  of  our  anxious  toils. 

Home,  \V.  VV.,  minister.  Wood  Street.  Cheapside, 
London.    1.  New  Songs  of  Sion,  17y4,  Svo.    2.  Two  Serma., 

8D2 


1800,  Svo.  3.  Contention  for  the  Faith,  1806.  Svo.  4.  Life 
of  Rev.  J.  Bradford,  Svo.     5.  Two  Poems,  1812.  12mo. 

Home,  Wm.     A  Catechism.  Lon..  1500,  Svo. 

Horneck,  Anthony,  D.D.,  1641-1696,  a  native  of 
Bacharaeh,  in  the  Lower  Palatinate,  studied  at  Heidel- 
berg, and  was  entered  at  Queen's  Coll.,  Oxf.,  1663;  Vicar 
of  All-Saints,  Oxf.,  1663;  became  Preb.  of  Exeter,  and 
subsequently  of  Westminster  and  Wells ;  Preacher  in  the 
Savoy,  1671.  He  was  a  man  of  great  piety  and  profound 
learning.  He  was  the  author  of  a  number  of  serms.  and 
theolog.  treatises,  of  which  the  following  are  the  best- 
known:  1.  The  Great  Law  of  Consideration,  Lon.j  1677, 
Svo;   nth  ed.,  172U,  8vo.     New  ed.,  1840,  Svo. 

'*  Devout  and  edifying." — Bicktrstdli's  C.  S. 

2.  The  Happy  Ascetick,  Lon.,  1681,  Svo;  3d  ed.,  1693, 
Svo.  New  ed.,  1724,  Svo.  3.  The  Fire  of  the  Altar,  1683, 
12mo.  4.TheExerciseof  Prayer,  1685.  Svo;  13th  ed.,  1718, 
12mo.  New  ed.,  1845,  18mo.  This  is  a  Supp.  to  No.  2. 
5.  The  Crucified  Jesus  ;  or,  an  Acct.  of  the  Nature,  Design, 
Ac.  of  the  Lord's  Supper,  1686,  Svo;  6th  ed.,  1716,  Svo. 
New  ed.,  1839,  12mo. 

"  Devotional." — Bickerstetli'g  C.  S. 

"  His  best  pieces  are  those  upon  Consideration  and  the  Crucified 
Jesus." — Dr.  Doddridge. 

6.  Several  Serms.  on  Matt.  v..  1706.  2  vols.  Svo;  3d  ed., 
1717,  2  vols.  Svo.  Pub.  by  Bishop  Kidder,  fuf  Bath  and 
Wells,)  who  has  prefixed  a  Memoir.  The  bishop  remarks, 
referring  to  the  works  of  Horneck  which  were  pub.  by  the 
author: 

"  There  is  a  great  vein  of  piety  and  devotion  which  runs  through 
them;  they  savour  of  the  primitive  simplicity  and  zeal,  aud  are 
well  fitted  to  make  men  better." 

Dr.  T.  H.  Home  tells  us  that 

"The  bishop's  character  of  the  writings  published  by  hitn.sielf 
[Horneck]  is  equally  applicable  to  his  Sermous  ou  Matt,  v." — Bibl, 
Bib. 

Horneck's  Works  are  also  commended  by  another  emi- 
nent authority  as 

"Exceedingly  pathetic  and  elegant;  chiefly  fit  for  devotional 
subjects :  his  words  are  often  much  greater  than  his  thoughts." — 
Dr.  Doddridqe. 

See  his  Life  by  Bp.  Kidder;  Athen.  Oson.  j  Birch's  Life 
of  Tillotson. 

Horneck,  Wm.  Modern  Fortification,  Lon.,  1738,  4to. 

Horner,  Francis,  M.P.,  177S-1S17.  a  native  of  Edin- 
burgh, educated  at  tlie  High  School,  and  at  the  University 
of  that  city,  subsequently  studied  law,  and  became  a  mem- 
ber of  Parliament,  where  he  distinguished  himself  by  his 
knowledge  of  political  economy  and  finance.  Having 
injured  his  constitution  by  excessive  labour  in  the  dis- 
charge of  his  duties  as  a  member  of  the  Bnllion  Cftuiraittee, 
and  in  other  cnpacities,  he  was  obliged  to  travel  on  the 
Continent  for  the  benefit  of  his  health  ;  but  bis  unfavour- 
able symptoms  increased,  and  he  died  at  Pisa,  Feb.  8,  IS  17, 
in  the  iJSth  year  of  his  age.  A  statue  has  been  erected 
to  his  memory  in  Westminster  Abbey.  As  the  author  of 
the  first  pnrt  of  the  Cnlliun  Report  of  1810,  (the  second 
part  was  penned  by  Mr.  Huskisson  and  the  third  by  Henry 
Thornton,)  Mr.  llonier  is  entitled  to  a  high  rank  as  a  po- 
litical economist.  But  he  was  more  than  this;  he  was  a 
diligent  student  of  intellectual  philosophy,  a  man  of  great 
elevation  of  character,  and  unblemi^^hed  purity  in  private 
life.  His  views  on  the  Currency,  which  be  subsequently 
embodied  in  the  Report  of  the  Bullion  Committee,  will  bo 
found  in  the  first  number  of  the  Edinburgh  Review,  in  his 
Review  of  Thornton  on  the  Paper  Credit  of  Great  Britain. 
Of  this  periodical  be  was  one  of  the  originators.  His 
Memoirs  and  Correspondence  were  pub.  by  his  brother, 
Leonard  Horner,  in  1S43,  Lon.,  2  vols.  Svo ;  2d  ed.,  with 
addits.,  1S53,  2  vols.  Svo;  Boston,  by  Little,  Brown  k  Co., 

1853,  2  vols.  Svo.  We  could  quote  many  pages  of  com- 
mendation from  high  authorities  of  Mr.  Homers  character 
as  a  man  and  statesman,  but  must  be  satisfied  with  refer- 
ring the  reader  to  the  Memoirs  of  Sir  Samuel  Romilly, 
1840,  3  vols.;  Sir  Archibald  Alison's  Hist,  of  Europe, 
17S9-1S15;  Lord  Brongharn's  Statesmen  fcni7>.  Geo.  III., 
Lon.,  185IJ,  ii.  155-16G;  AVorks  of  Sir  James  Mackintosh, 

1854,  i.  214-215,  n.;  Works  of  the  Rev.  Sydney  Smith, 
1854,  iii.  473-477,  (Letter  to  Leonard  Horner;)  Lord 
Cockburn's  Memorial  of  his  Own  Time,  1856;  Dugald 
Stewart's  Prelim.  Dissert,  to  Encyc.  Brit.  ;  Chambers  and 
Tliomson's  Diet,  of  Eminent  Scotsmen,  1855,  iii.  86-90; 
McCulIoch's  Lit.  of  Polit.  Econ.,  1845,  173.  297;  Edin. 
Rev.,  Ixxviii.  261;  Lmi.  Quar  Rev.,  June,  1827,  Isxii. 
108;  Eclec.  Rev.,  4th  Ser..  xiii.  506;  Blackw.  Mag.,  i.  3; 
xvii.  515;  xl.  114;  Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  1825,  Pt.  1,  503; 
1843,  3;  N.  York  EcU-c.  Mus.,  iii.  536.  But  we  feel  un- 
willing to  conclude  without  ([uoting  some  testimonies  to 
the  eminent  merits  of  Francis  Horner; 


noR 


noR 


'  I  rpmemlier  the  death  of  ni.in.T  eminent  Englishmen :  hut  I  I      "  Are  all  stamped  with  the  clear  indications  of  a  genius  of  tha 

•  ■■  ■  '  first  order;  and  be  doubtless  would  have  achieved  far  ^ire^ter  dis- 
coveries  had  not  bis  privations  and  successes,  bis  toils  and  tri- 
umphs, been  tof;etber  cut  short  by  bis  premature  death  in  1041.'* 
— Eilin.  Nev.y  Ixxviii.  402-438 :  Sir  Isaac  Navton  and  his  Contem- 
poraries. 

"There  is  reason  to  ascribe  an  invention  of  preat  importance, 
though  not  perhaps  of  extreme  difliculty.  that  of  the  micrometer, 
to  Ilorrox."— i7uH<im's  Lil-  Hist,  of  Europe,  ed.  1S54,  ii.  195. 

'*  llorrox  has  the  merit  of  bein-:  anions  the  first  who  rij:btly  ap- 
preciated the  discoveries  of  the  astronomer  just  named,  [  liepler."] 
— Professor  Platfair  :  iW  Pretim.  IXsscrt.  to  Encyc.  Bnt. 


can  .safelv  say  I  never  remember  an  impression  so  general  as  that 
excited  by  the  death  of  Francis  Uorner."— Kev.  Sydney  Smith  : 
ubi  supra. 

"  The  tears  of  those  to  whom  he  was  unknown  were  shed  over 
him.  ...  lie  raised  himself,  at  the  early  age  of  thirty-six,  to  a 
moral  authority  which,  without  these  qualities,  no  brilliancy  of 
talents  or  power  of  reasoning  could  have  acquired.  No  eminent 
speaker  of  I'arliament  owed  so  much  of  bis  success  to  his  moral 
character.  His  high  place  was  therefore  honourable  to  his  au- 
dience and  to  his  country." — Sir  James  Mackintosh  :  tchi  supra. 

"  He  died  at  the  age  of  thirty -eight;  possessed  of  greater  public 
hifluence  than  any  other  private  man,  and  admiied.  beloved, 
trusted,  and  deplored,  by  all  except  the  heartless  or  the  base.  No 
greater  homage  was  ever  paid  in  l*arliament  to  any  dece!»sed  mem- 
ber."— Lord  (.'ockdurn:  ubi  supra. 

"Considering  his  knowledge,  his  talents,  his  excellent  judg- 
ment, and  the  prospect  of  years  which  he  had  before  him,  I  con- 
sider his  death  as  a  great  public  calamity." — Sir  Samuel  IIomilly  : 
ubi  supra. 

"Mr.  Horner,  whose  premature  and  lamented  death  alone  pre- 
vented him  from  rising  to  the  highest  eminence  on  the  opposition 
side." — Sir  Archibald  Alison  ;  ubi  supra. 

**  Never  certainly  was  more  completely  realized  the  ideal  portrait 
so  nobly  imagined  by  the  Koman  poet :  a  calm  devotion  to  re.ason 
and  justice,  the  sanctuary  of  the  heart  undefiled,  and  a  breast 
glowing  with  inborn  honour. 

'  Compositum  jus  fasque  animo,  sanctosque  recessus 
Mentis,  et  incoctum  generoso  pectus  honesto.' " 

DiOALD  Stewart  :  uiji  su2>ra. 
"  But  this  able,  accomplished,  and  excellent  person  was  now  ap- 
proaching the  term  assigned  to  his  useful  and  honourable  course  i 
by  the  mysterious  dispensations  under  which  the  world  is  ruled. 
A  complication  of  extraordinary  maladies  soon  afterwards  [after 
the  Parliamentary  session  of  1S16J  precluded  all  further  exertion, 
and,  first  confining  his  attention  to  the  care  of  bis  health,  before 
a  year  was  over  from  the  date  of  his  last  brilliant  display,  brought 
him,  deeply  and  universally  lamented,  to  an  untimely  grave. 
'Osteudit  terris  hune  tantum  fata,  neque  ultra 
Esse  sinent.     Nimium  vobis  Uomana  prop.ago 
Visa  potens,  Superi,  propria  hi-ec  si  dona  fuissent.'" 

Lord  Brocgham  :  ubi  supra. 
Horner,  G.  R.  B.,  M.D.     1.  Medical  and  Topogia- 
phical  Observations  upon   the   Mediterranean,  and  upon 
Portugal,  iSpain,  Ac,  Phila.,  1S39,  8vo.     2.  Diseases  and 
Injuries  of  Seamen,  Ac,  1S55,  12rao. 

Horuer,  J.  Instruction  to  the  Invalid  on  the  Water- 
Cure,  Lon.,  1S55,  12mo. 

Horner,  Leonard,  Secretary  to  the  Geological  So- 
ciety. Papers  in  Ueolog.  Trans.,  1811,  '14,  '16.  Other 
publications. 

Horner,  T.  Land  Survey;  or,  Descrip.  of  an  Im- 
proved Method  of  Delineating  Estates,  Lon.,  1813,  Bvo. 

Horner,  W.  G.  Mathemat.  papers  in  Thorn.  Ann. 
Philos.,  1816,  '17. 

Horner,  William  E.,  M.D.,  late  Professor  of  Ana- 
tomy in  the  University  of  Pennsylvania.  1.  Special  Ana- 
tomy and  Histiology  ;  8th  ed.,  Phila.,  1851,  2  vols.  Svo, 
pp.  ll.'JO;  ^Yith  over  300  Illustrations.  2.  United  States 
Dissector;  or,  Lessons  in  Practical  Anatomy;  5th  ed., 
carefully  revised  and  entirely  remodelled  liy  Henry  H. 
Smith,  M.D..  Fellow  of  the  College  of  Physicians  of  Phila., 
Ac;  with  177  new  Illustrations,  Phila.,  1856,  demi  8vo. 
3.  Anatomical  Atlas.  See  Smith,  Henrv  H.,  M.D.  Since 
the  above  was  written,  another  Philadclphian  contribution 
to  Medical  Literature  has  made  its  appearance,  viz.;  The 
Practical  Anatomist;  or,  The  Student's  Guide  in  the  Dis- 
secting Room,  by  J.  M.  Allen,  M.D.,  late  Prof,  of  Anatomy 
in  the  Penna.  Med.  College,  Phila.,  1856,  r.  12mo,  pp.  661 ; 
with  over  260  Illustrations. 

Hornman,  Henry.  Dc  Virginitate,  Virginium  Statu, 
et  Jure,  Traotatus,  Oxf.,  Ili6!l,  12mo. 

Hornor,  S.  S.,  formerly  of  Philadelphia,  now  of  Paris. 
The  Medical  Student's  Guide  in  Extracting  Teeth,  Phila., 
1851,  Svo. 

Hornsby,  Rev.  Thomas,  S.avilian  Professor  of  As- 
tronomy at  0-xford.  Astronom.  papers  in  Phil.  Trans., 
176:'.,  'M,  '6'.i,  '71,  '73. 

Horn.^ey ,  John,  Schoolmaster,  pub.  an  English  Gram- 
mar, Spelling-Book,  Ac,  1708-1811 


Horrox,  Jeremiah,  1619-1(;4],  an  eminent  English 
astronomer,  a  native  of  Toxteth,  near  Liverpool,  was  edu- 
cated at  Emanuel  College,  and  subsequently  (as  Mr.  Rigaud 
has  recently  discovered)  took  holy  orders  and  became  a 
curate  at  lloole,  near  Preston. 

"  He  was  the  first  who  saw  Venus  in  the  body  of  the  sun.  (Nov. 
24,  lt)39.)  and  he  was  the  first  who  remarked  that  the  lunar  mo- 
tions might  be  represented  by  supposing  an  elliptic  orbit,  provided 
that  the  eccentricity  of  the  ellipse  were  made  to  vary,  and  an  oscil- 
latory motion  given  to  the  line  of  apsides.  Newton  afterwards 
showed  that  both  suppositions  were  consequences  of  the  theory 
of  gravitation,  and  attributes  to  llalley  part  of  what  is  really  due 
to  Horrox,  as  explained  by  Flamsteed." 

Horrox's  investigations — remarks  the  reviewer  of  Ri- 


It  is  not  a  little  to  Horrox's  credit,  that,  whilst  the  astro- 
nomical tables  of  the  diiy— even  his  master  Kepler's 
(founded  on  the  observations  of  Tycho  Brnhe)— were  in- 
correct in  their  calculations  respecting  the  time  of  the 
transit  of  Venus,  the  young  astronomer  himself  foretold 
the  time  very  accurately.  1.  Venus  in  Sole  visa,  anno 
1639,  cum  Notis  Johannis  Hcvelii.  This  is  pub.  along 
with  a  work  of  HeveUus's,  entit.  Mercurius  in  Sole  visus, 
cum  Notis  Johannis  Hevelii,  Gedani,  anni  1661,  Mnij  3, 
cum  aliis  quibusdam  Rerum  Co;lestlum  Observation,  ra- 
risqiio  Pha:!nomenis,  Dantz.,  1662.  2.  Exoerpta  ex  Epis- 
tolis  ad  (julielmum  Crabtricum  suum  in  Studiis  Astro- 
nomicis,  Lon.,  1672,  4to.  3.  Observationum  Ccclcstium 
Catalogus,  1672,  4to.  4.  Novae  Theorias  Lunaris  Expli- 
catio,  i673,  4to.  5.  Opera  Posthuma, — viz.:  Astronomica 
Kepleriana  defensa  et  promota;  Excerpta  ex  Epistolis  ad 
Crabtrajum  suum  ;  Observationum  Co?lestiura  Catalogus ; 
et  Lunic  Theoria  Nova,  Bdente  Joh.  Wallisio,  1673,  4to ; 
idem,  1678. 

For  further  information  respecting  Horrox,  see  Genl. 
Diet.;  Martin's  Biog.  Philos.;  Hutton's  Diet.;  Birch's 
Hist,  of  the  Roy.  Soc. ;  Corresp.  of  the  Scientilic  Men  of 
the  17th  Century,  1841,  2  vols.  8vo;  Playfair's  Prelim. 
Dissert,  to  Encyc  Brit, ;  Edin.  Rev..  Ixxviii.  402-438. 

Horry,  S.  iC.  1.  Laws  rel.  to  Licensed  Victuallers, 
Lon.,  1837,  12mo.  2.  Law  and  Prac.  of  Insolvents,  Ac., 
1844,  12mo. 

Horsbnrgh,  James,  Ilydrographer  to  the  E.  I.  Co., 
pub.  several  works  on  navigation,  Lon.,  18tl3-l.'^.  The 
Memoirs  respecting  the  Navigation  to  and  from  China, 
Ac.  appeared  in  1805,  4to,  and  the  3d  ed.  of  the  Indian 
Directory  in  1826,  2  vols.  4to. 

Hors'burgh,  Wm.,  M.D.  Ilartfoll  Spaw,  Edin.,  1754, 
8vo.     The  same  in  Ess.  Phys.  and  Lit,,  1754. 

Horsefall,  James.  Mathemat.  and  Astronom.  pa- 
pers in  Phil.  Trans,  1768. 

HorscBeld,  Rev.  J.  W.  1.  Hist,  and  Antiq.  of  Sus- 
sex, Lon.,  2  vols.  4to,  £4  4«;  1.  p.,  £6  6«.  2.  Hist,  and 
Antiq.  of  Lewes  and  its  Vicinity,  with  .an  Appendix  by 
Gideon  Mantell,  1824,  4to,  £2  2«. ;  2  vols.  4to,  £3  3«. 

Horseman,  Nicholas.  Appendix  to  Wheare's  Me- 
thod of  Reading  Histories,  Lon.,  1694,  Svo. 

Horsey,  John.  Lects.  on  the  Intellectual  and  Moral 
Powers  of  Man,  Lon.,  1828,  Svo.  These  Lectures  were 
delivered  to  the  students  of  Coward  College,  over  which 
Mr.  Horsey  presided  for  eight  years. 

Horsfall,  John.  The  Preacher,  Lon.,  1574,  '76,  Svo. 
Horsfield,  Thomas,  M.D.  1.  Lepidoptcrous  Insects, 
Lon.,  Pts.  1,  2,  r.  4to,  each  £1  ll.s.  6./.  2.  Zoological  Re- 
searches in  Java,  Ac,  1821-24,  r.  4to ;  1824,  £8  8s.  3. 
Pl.anta;  JavanicEe  Rariores,  1838-52,  fol. ;  50  col'd  engrav- 
ings, £8  8s.  In  the  descriptions  and  observations  Dr.  H. 
was  assisted  by  J.  J.  Bennett  and  R.  Brown.  The  scien- 
tific descriptions  are  in  Latin ;  the  general  history,  cha- 
racteristics, details,  Ac.  in  English.  See  a  paper  of  Dr. 
H.'s  on  the  Oopas  or  Poison  Tree  of  Java,  in  Thorn.  Ann. 
Philos.,  1817.  Catalogue  of  the  Birds  in  the  Museum  of 
the  Hon.  East  India  Company. 

Horsford,  J.  Four  Months  in  England,  by  a  West 
Indian,  Lon.,  1852,  12mo. 

Horsford,  Mary  Gardiner,  1824-1855.  a  daughter 
of  Samuel  S.  Gardiner,  and  a  native  of  New  York,  was 
married  in  1847  to  Mr.  Ebeu  Norton  Horsford,  Rumford 


Professor  in  Harvard  University.  Many  of  her  eiulier 
productions  were  contributed  to  the  Knickerbocker  Maga- 
zine, the  Lady's  Book,  Ac.  In  1855  she  pub.  at  Boston, 
a  vol.  entitled  Indian  Legends  and  other  Poems,  which 
was  favourably  noticed  in  tlic  North  American  Review  for 
January,  1856. 

Horsley,Heneage,  Dean  of  Brechin,  a  son  of  Bishop 
Samuel  Ilorsley.  1.  Serin,  on  Absolution,  1804,  4to.  2. 
Serin.,  1808.  3.  A  Letter  on  raising  Pecuniary  Supplies, 
Ac,  1842,  Svo. 

Horsley,  John,  1685-1731,  an  eminent  antiquary,  a 
native  of  Mid-Lothian,  of  a  Northumberland  family,  was 


gaud's  Historical  Essay  on  the  First  Publication  of  Sir     pastor  of  a  dissenting  congregation  at  Morpeth.     Britan- 
Isaac  Newton's  Principia,  1838,  Svo—  .  nia  Romana;  or,  the   Roman  Antiquities  of  Biitaiu  ;  la 


W 


HOR 


IIOR 


three  Books,  Lon.,  1732,  fol.  An  analysis  of  this  truly 
valuable  work  will  be  found  in  Savage's  Librarian.  Sir 
r.  Thompson's  copy  was  sold  for  £13  38.,  and  Willett's  for 
£14;  Heath's,  large  paper,  for  £28  17«.  6d.,  and  Consta- 
ble's, large  paper,  fur  £35  10s.  These  are  the  highest 
prices  with  which  we  are  acquainted.  Horsley  left  a 
number  of  unfinished  works  in  MS. ;  some  letters  of  hi?, 
Addressed  to  Roger  Gale,  dated  1729,  will  be  found  in 
Hutchinson's  View  of  Northumberland.  See  Life  of 
Horsley,  by  Rev.  John  Hodgson;  Chambers  and  Thom- 
son's Biog.  Diet,  of  Eminent  Scotsmen;  Nichols's  Lit. 
Anec. 

Horsley^  John.  Longitude  at  Sea;  Phil.  Trans.,  1764. 

Horsley,  Samuel,  LL.D.,  1733-1S06,  a  native  of 
London,  was  educated  at  Trinity  Hall,  Cambridge ;  Curate 
to  his  father,  who  was  Rector  of  Nowington  Rutts,  1758; 
Rector  of  Newington  Butts,  1759;  Secretary  of  the  Royal 
Society,  1773  :  Rector  of  Aldbury,  Surrey,  1774  ;  Preb.  of 
St.  Paul's,  1777 ;  Archdeacon  of  St.  Alban's,  1780  ;  Rector 
of  Southweald,  Essex,  1782;  Preb.  of  Gloucester,  1787; 
Bishop  of  St.  David's.  1788;  trans,  to  Rochester,  with  the 
Deanery  of  Westminster,  1793 ;  trans,  to  St.  Asaph,  resign- 
ing the  Deanery  of  Westminster,  1802.  He  was  a  man 
of  profound  learning  and  strong  intelleotual  powers,  dic- 
tatorial in  controversy,  but  most  benevolent  in  heart.  He 
was  a  useful  member  of  the  Royal  Society,  and  made  con- 
siderable attainments  in  mathematics,  the  classics,  natural 
philosophy,  and  astronomy.  A  number  of  his  astronomical, 
mathematical,  and  other  papers  will  be  found  in  Phil. 
Trans.,  1767-70.  His  name  is  best  known  in  connexion 
with  his  controversy  with  Dr.  Priestley  respecting  the 
faith  of  the  Primitive  Christians  concerning  the  nature 
of  Christ.  In  his  (1.)  History  of  the  Corruptions  of  Chris- 
tianity, pub.  in  1782.  2  vuls.  8vo,  the  former  placed  at  the 
head  of  these  both  Trinitarianism  and  Arianism ;  contend- 
ing that  the  Socinian  doctrine  of  the  more  humanity  of 
Christ  was  the  unanimous  faith  of  the  first  believers. 
This  position  was  combated  by  Horsley,  in  his  Charge  of 
May  22,  1783,  pub.  17S3,  4to.  Priestley  replied  in  his 
Letters  to  Dr.  Horsley,  1783,  Svo;  and  thus  the  war  was 
fairly  commenced.  For  further  information  on  this  head, 
the  reader  is  referred  to  the  authorities  cited  below: 
Horsley's  Tracts  in  Controversy  with  Dr.  Priestley,  3d  ed., 
with  Notes  and  Appendix  by  Rev.  Hencage  Horsley,  Dun- 
dee, 1812,  Svo;  and  to  Priestley's  Tracts  in  Controversy 
with  Bishop  Horsley,  with  Notes  by  the  Editor,  and  an 
Appendix,  containing  a  Review  of  the  Controversy,  Lon., 
1815,  Svo. 

"  The  tracts  which  he  puMished  in  controversy  with  Dr.  Priestley 
are  written  with  consummate  ability,  and  demnnstt:ite  the  literary 
deficiencies  of  his  bold  antaj^onist." — Dr,  E.  Williams's  C.  P. 

"In  his  controversy  with  Dr.  Priestley,  Bishop  Unrsley  had  a 
manifest  advantage  (as  is  now  pretty  generally  acknowledged) 
both  in  learning  and  argument." — Edi}}.  H>n}.,  xvii.  407,  q.  i\ 

"The  Severest  castigation  which  a  rash  and  arrogant  invader  of 
another's  province  ever  received." 

"  llorsley's  productions  in  this  controversy  will  be  read  as 
standard  works,  and  admired  as  models  of  clear  and  powerful 
reasoning.  They  show  a  strong  and  energetic  mind,  rich  in  va- 
rious learning,  trained  in  logical  precision,  quick  in  perceiving  the 
fallacies  of  his  opponent  and  skilful  in.  refuting  them.'' — Lon. 
Quar.  Rev.y  iii.  399-400,  q.  v. 

"Horsley  was  the  militant  of  the  last  generation,  Herbert 
Marsh  of  the  present." — Southei/s  Life  ami  Girrcsp. 

See  also  Lowndes's  Brit.  Lib..  1117;  Cambridge  General 
Repository,  i.  26,  229;  ii.  7,  257;  iii.  13.  250  ;  and  autho- 
rities cited  at  conclusion  of  this  article.  Wo  proceed  to 
notice  the  most  important  of  Horsley's  other  productinns. 
2.  The  Power  of  God  deduced  from  the  computable  in- 
stantaneous productions  of  it  in  the  Solar  System,  1787, 
Svo.  3.  ApoUonii  Pergoji  Inclinationum,  libri  duo  Resti- 
tuti,  Oxf.,  1770,  4to. 

"  In  this,  though  it  required  more  than  the  usual  exertions  of  a 
commentator,  no  very  grwit  difficulty  presented  itself,  and  Dr. 
Uorsley  acquitted  himself  very  much  to  the  satisfaction  of  geo- 
meters."— Professor  Playfair:  Edin.  Rev.,  iv.  258. 

See  No.  11. 

4.  Remarks  on  the  Observations  made  in  a  late  Voyage 
to  the  North  Pole,  [by  Hon.  Capt.  C.  J.  Phipps,  in  1773,] 
for  determining  the  Acceleration  of  the  Pendulum  in  lati- 
tude 79°  51',  Lon..  1774,  4to. 

"  Dr.  H.  here  detects  some  errors  of  calculation." — WaiVs  Bihl. 
Brit. 

"  This  pamphlet  ought  to  be  annexed  to  every  copy  of  Captain 
Phipps*s  book  [1774,  4to]  and  bound  up  with  it."  See  Rich's  Bibl, 
Amer.  Nova,  i.  195. 

5.  Complete  Edition  of  the  Works  of  Sir  Isaac  Newton, 
nnder  the  title  of  Isaaei  Ncwtoni  Opera  qua?  extant  ommia 
Cummentariis,  illustrabat  Samuel  Horsley,  LL.D.,  1779- 
85.  5  vols.  4to. 

"  A  work  requiring  the  exertion  of  uncommon  tilents,  and  ac- 
companied with  difficulties  which  Dr.  Ilorsley  was  by  no  means 


prepared  to  overcome.  Indeed,  we  know  of  no  literary  project, 
even  in  this  day  of  literary  adventure,  of  which  the  failure  has 
beeiliiiorecompk-te." — Professor  Playfair:  iifm./i'ec.i v. 258-259. 
See  Biographies  of  Newton;  Lon.  Quar.  Rev.,  iii.  399; 
and  several  of  the  authorities  cited  at  the  conclusion  of 
this  article. 

6.  On  the  Prosodies  of  the  Greek  and  Latin  Languages, 
1796,  Svo.  Anon.     A  work  of  great  merit. 

"A  work  full  of  erudition,  and  much  esteemed." — WaWs  BihL 
Brit. 

"In  classical  acquirements,  and  in  a  critical  knowledge  of  the 
languages  in  which  the  sacred  bonks  were  originally  written,  he 
stood  in  the  very  lirst  rank  of  excellence." — I'Jtin.  liev.y  xvii.  466. 

7.  Critical  Disquisitions  on  the  ISth  Chapter  of  Isaiah; 
in  a  Letter  to  Edward  King,  Esq.,  1796,  1801,  4to.  Also 
in  Biblical  Criticism,  i.  229.  S.  Husea;  trans,  from  the 
Hebrew,  with  Notes,  Bxplan.  and  Crit.,  1801,  4to;  1804, 
4to.  Also  in  Biblical  Criticism,  with  the  exception  of  the 
serm.  on.  1  Pet.  iii.,  which  is  in  the  ed.  of  1804. 

"This  is  one  of  the  ablest  pieces  of  criticism  on  a  portion  of 
Scripture  in  the  English  language  The  prelace  is  admirably 
written,  and  contains  the  soundest  principles  of  Biblical  interpre- 
tation, as  well  as  excellent  views  of  the  particular  book  to  which 
it  is  prefixed.  The  version  iy  nervous,  and  often  characteristic  of 
the  translator's  mind,  as  well  as  of  the  prophet's  style.  The  criti- 
cal notes  display  great  knowledge  of  Hebrew,  though  occasionally 
they  discover  that  Horsley  was  p.irfial  to  novelty  and  paradox, 
and  in  some  degree  influenced  by  bis  Hutchinsonian  predilections. 
Few  books  are  more  worthy  of  the  attention  of  the  liiblical  scho- 
lar."—Or/H<!'s  Bihl.  Bib, 

"  The  prefece  contains  a  treasure  of  Biblical  criticism." — Home's 
Bibl.  Bib. 

"Critical  and  illustrative." — BickerstetJi's  C.  S. 
"This  trauslation,  with  its  notes,  forms  a  most  valuable  acces- 
sion to  sound  learning;  and  evinces  at  once  the  best  qualities  of 
the  scholar  and  the  divine,  supported  by  sagacity  and  a  powerful 
judgment." — B)'itis?i  Critic,  O.  .S'.,  xix.  176. 

9.  Elementary  Treatises  on  the  Fundamental  Principles 
of  Practical  Mathematics ;  for  the  use  of  Students,  Oxf., 
1801,  Svo.  10.  Euclidis  Elementorum  Libri  Priores  XII., 
&c.,  1802,  Svo.  11.  Euclidis  Datorum  Liber,  cum  addita- 
mentis,  &c.,  1803,  Svo. 

"  He  certainly  possessed  competent  information  and  respectable 
acquirement  sin  mathematics.  ...  His  edition  of  Euclid's  Elements 
and  Data,  and  his  treatise  on  the  elementary  parts  of  plain  mathe- 
matics, are  prepared  with  perspicuity  and  neatness." — Lon.  Quar. 
Rev.,  iii.  399. 

"In  the  mathematical  and  physical  sciences,  if  he  stood  not  in 
the  first  rank,  he  held  at  least  a  very  respectable  stition." — Edin. 
Rev.,  xvii.  406. 

But  Nos.  10  and  11  are  reviewed  with  considerable 
severity  by  Professor  Playfair,  in  Edin.  Rev.,  iv.  257-272. 
In  fact,  the  ostentatious  preface  of  the  bishop  aroused 
vigilance  and  sharpened  criticism.  12.  A  Critical  Essay 
on  Virgil's  Two  Seasons  of  Honev.  and  his  Seasons  of 
Sowing  Wheat,  Ac,  Lon.,  1S05.  "4to.  See  No.  6.  13. 
Scrms.,  Dundee,  3  vols.  Svo:  i.  and  ii.,  1810;  iii.,  1812; 
vol.  ii.,  3d  ed.,  1812;  iii.,  2d  ed.,  1813.  To  these  is  to 
be  added  a  4th  vol.,  Lon.,  1S15,  8vo,  containing  9  Serms. 
on  our  Lord's  Resurrection,  and  a  Dissert,  on  the  Prophe- 
cies of  the  Messiah,  &c.  The  above  vols,  were  repub.  in 
2  vols,  in  1824,  and  again  in  1829,  (including  the  nine 
serms.  on  the  Resurrection,  and  the  Dissert,  on  the  Pro- 
phecies of  the  Messiah,  &c.;  3d  ed.,  Lon.,  1822,  8vo;)  in 
all,  4  vols,  in  2.  This  last  ed.,  1829,  2  vols.  Svo,  is  the  first 
complete  ed.  of  Horsley's  Sermons  ;  again,  1S43,  Svo ;  1847, 
Svo;  and  in  collective  ed.  of  his  Theolog.  Works,  1846, 
{vide  post.) 

"His  sermons  are  fine  specimens  of  commanding  eloquence,  and 
contain  many  deep  and  original  views  of  Scripture  facts  and  pro- 
phecies."— I>r.  E.  Williams's  C.  P. 

"Much  original,  deep,  devout,  and  evangelical  matter,  with 
much  that  is  bold,  hazardous,  speculative,  and  rash.  . .  .  Bishop 
Horsley's  powers  of  mind  were  of  a  hiijih  order;  and  bis  sermons 
and  his  other  works  will  render  as.«ist;ince  to  the  student  chiefly 
in  the  way  of  criticism.  lie  had  the  integrity  and  candour  to 
speak  decidedly  against  the  ignorance  of  many  who  opposed  what 
they  called  Calvinistic  views.'' — Biclcersteth' s  C.  S. 

"Ordinary  readers,  moderately  conversant  with  the  Bible,  and 
with  the  theory  and  practice  of  their  religion,  may  derive  more 
advantage  from  thesi- discourses  than  froraany  volumes  of  sermons 
which  have  issued  from  the  press  for  the  last  fifty  years." — Edin. 
Rev. 

"  With  very  few  exceptions,  of  the  critical  and  explanatory  cast, 
consisting  of  disquisitions  on  points  of  abstruse  and  difficult  in- 
vestigation. They  are  not  suited  to  the  laste  of  general  readers, 
but  adapted  almost  exclusively  to  those  '  whose  stomai-hs,'  to  use 
the  author's  own  expression,  'are  qualified  for  the  digestion  of 
strong  meats,'  and  whose  turn  of  mind  has  habituated  them  to 
critical  discussion  and  inquiry.  We  perceive,  in  almost  every 
part,  the  mind  of  Horsley  at  work." — Lon.  Quar.  Rev.,  (,on  vols.  i. 
and  ii.,  1810,)  iii.  398-407,  q.  v. 

"They  are  compositions  sui  generis.  Never  perhaps  did  phi- 
losophy, certainly  never  did  the  philosophy  of  physics,  lend  more 
powerful  aid  to  the  cause  of  revelation." — Jbid.,  (on  vols,  i.-iii., 
1810-12.)  ix.  30-39,  q.  v. 

"  In  the  sense  in  which  we  have  now  explained  that  term,  every 
discourse  in  the  volumes  before  us  {i.  and  ii.,  ISIO]  m.iy  justly  ba 
denominated  a  gospel  sermou"^-£din.  Ra'.f  xvii.  40o-4S0j  g.  v. 


Ht)K 


"We  have  indeed  no  hesitition  whatever  to  say,  that  no  such 
Fcimoiis  huve  issued  from  the  British  press  since  the  commence- 
ment of  our  critical  labours." — British  Critic. 

And  see  Lon.  Month.  Rev.,  Ixxxiv.  82;  Phila.  Analec, 
Mag.,  iv.  268. 

14.  Speeches  in  Parliament,  DuntJce,  1813,  8vo.  New 
ed.,  Lon.,  8vo.  16.  The  Charges  delivered  at  bis  several 
Visitations  of  the  Dioceses  of  St.  David's,  Rochester,  and 
St.  Asaph,  Dundee,  1813,  8voj  Lon.,  1830,  8vo.  Also  a 
new  ed.  in  18mo,  and  in  collective  ed.,  1845,  (vide  poet.) 

"  Some  plain  and  important  truths  openly  and  powerfully  stated. 
It  has  furnished  a  shield  for  men  of  piety  o-j;;\iust  the  unjust  re- 
proaches of  thfir  adversaries." — BicKcr&telWs  C  S. 

16.  The  Book  of  Psalms;  trans,  from  the  Hebrew,  with 
Notes,  Crit.  and  Explan.,  1815,  2  vols.  8vo;  3d  ed.,  1833, 
8vo ;  4th  ed.,  1845,  8vo,  in  collective  ed.,  (vide  jiost.) 

"This  is  a  posthumous  work,  and  far  inferior  in  merit  and  im- 
portance to  the  furnitrr,  f  Llosea ;  see  No.  8.]  Not  above  half  the 
Psalms  are  translated.  On  the  greater  number  there  are  no  notes, 
and  these  for  the  most  part  are  short  and  imperf*;ot.  Most  of  the 
Psalms  the  bishop  applies  to  the  Messiah,  in  which  he  merely  fol- 
lows the  doctrines  of  Hutchinson.  As  Ilorsley  never  wrote  what 
did  not  deserve  to  be  re-ad,  even  his  fragments  and  hints  are  cal- 
culated to  be  of  Service  to  the  student  of  the  Uible ;  though  such 
a  work  as  this  on  the  Psalms  would  never  have  been  published  by 
the  learned  prelate  himself." — Orvie'^s  Bihl.  Bib. 

"Of  considerable  use." — Bicherstfth'.s  C.  K 

"Chietly  adapted  to  the  use  of  the  scholar  and  Biblical  critic. 
.  .  .  IMany  of  the  applications  of  the  Psalms  to  the  Messiah  are 
fanciful."— i/f»?'Hf's  Bibl.  Bib.,  Title  Morismi,  Rev.  John,  D.D. 

See  also  British  Review,  xl.  1-25;  Fry,  John,  No.  5,  p. 
641  of  this  Dictionary. 

17.  Biblical  Criticism  on  the  First  Fourteen  Historical 
Books  of  the  Old  Test.,  and  also  on  the  First  Nine  Pro- 
phetical Books,  *te.,  1820,  4  vols.  8vo ;  2d  ed.,  with  addits. 
never  before  pub.,  1844,2  vols.  Svo.  Also  in  collective 
ed..  1845,  {r!(h  pnnt.) 

*■  The  remarks  made  on  the  Psalms  [see  No.  10]  are  quite  as  ap- 
plicable? to  all  that  is  iu  these  volumes.  As  a  critic,  Horsley  was 
learned,  but  dogmatic.  Stern,  hold,  clear,  and  brilliant,  often  elo- 
quent, sometimes  argumentative,  always  original,  he  was  too  often 
led,  by  his  disdain  of  what  is  common,  into  hazardous  specula- 
tions and  hasty  conclusions,  and  not  uufrequently  into  confident 
assertions  of  dubious  and  paradoxical  points." — Onne's  Bibl.  Bib. 
'■  Several  of  his  critical  works  are  posthumous,  and  appear  in  an 
unfinished  state ;  but  even  these  bear  the  impress  of  his  mind, 
and  are  not  unworthy  of  his  great  powers." — WiUiams's  C.  P. 

"  Chietiy  posthumous,  and    many  things    that    probably  the 
author  would  not  have  published;   much   original  and   useful 
thought." — Bicherslf-th's  C  S. 
See  Home's  Bibl.  Bib. 

A  collective  ed.  of  Horsley's  Theological  Works  was  pub. 
by  Longman  in  1845,  6  vols.  Svo,  £3  9*.,  containing — Bib- 
lical Criticism,  2  vols. ;  Psalms,  1  vol. ;  Sermons,  2  vols. ; 
Charges,  1  vol.  For  further  information  respecting  this 
eminent  prelate,  his  literary  labours  and  theological  and 
political  opinions,  see.  in  addition  to  the  many  authorities 
cited  above,  Nichols's  Lit.  Anec;  Chalmers's  Biog.  Diet.; 
The  Churchman  Armed,  i.  421;  Wordsworth's  Christian 
Institutes,  iii.  34;  Darling's  Cyc.  Bib.,  i.  1548-1550; 
Works  of  Robert  Hall,  ed.  Lon..  1853,  iii.  69-74,  75,  76, 
329,  333-338;  Lowndes's  Brit.  Lib..  647;  Watt's  Bibl. 
Brit;  Williams's  C.  P.,  ed.  1843,  355;  Eclec.  Rev.  for 
1831;  Blackw.  Mag.,  iii.  66;  xvii.  25;  xxix,  6b,  71;  xliv. 
739. 

"  Presbyterians  as  we  are,  we  have  a  certain  pride  in  acknow- 
ledging that  the  Church  of  England  has  been  eminently  distin- 
guished, ever  sinco  the  period  of  the  Reformation,  by  the  talents 
and  learning  of  her  clergy,  and  especially  of  those  who  have  been 
raised  to  the  episcopal  office.  Among  those  who  have  been  thua 
raised  in  our  own  times,  we  do  not  know  that  a  greater  could 
easily  be  named  than  the  author  of  the  volumes  before  us."— 
Edin.  JVa'.,  xvii.  405-480;  Review  of  Bishop  Horsky's  Sermons, 
1810,  2  vols.  ^  ^  J  , 

Horsley,  Wm.    Universal  Merchant,  Lon.,  1753.  4to. 

Horsley,  Wm.,  M.D.     Mineral  Waters,  1814,  12mo. 

Horsley,  Wm.,  Mus.  Bnc,  Oxon.,  the  eminent  com- 
poser of  music,  b.  in  London,  1774,  is  the  author  of  many 
well-known  glees,  and  other  popular  poetical  contributions 
to  the  literature  of  his  profession. 

Horsman,  Gilbert.  1.  Precedents  in  Conveyancing, 
1744,  3  vols.  fol. ;  4th  ed.,  3  vols.  8vo,  1785.  See  1  Bart. 
Conv.,  75;  Williams's  Study  of  the  Law,  125;  Marvin's 
Leg.  Bibl.,  .397.  2.  Notes  and  Observ.  on  the  Fundamental 
Laws  of  Eng.,  1753,  12mo. 

Horsmauden,  Daniel,  d.  1778,  a  native  of  Eng- 
land, Chiof-Justiee  of  New  York,  pub.  Tho  New  York 
Conspiracy;  or,  tho  History  of  the  Negro  Plot,  1741-42; 
repub.  in  1810.  The  plot  was  to  burn  tho  city:  of  the 
conspirators  fourteen  blacks  were  burnt,  and  eighteen 
blacks  and  ten  whites  were  hanged. 

Horsnell,  John,     Serm.,  Lon.,  1705,  4to. 

Hort,  Lt.-Col.,  author  of  The  Secretary,  has  pub. 
a  number  of  other  novels,  ic,  Lon.,  1839-50. 


Hort,  or  Horte,  Josiah,  d.  1751,  ot  an  advanced 
age,  a  Dissenting  minister  at  Marshfield,  Gloucestershire, 
conformed  before  1708;  consecrated  Bishop  of  Ferns  and 
Leighlin,  1721  ;  trans,  to  Kilmore  and  Ardagh,  1727;  and 
to  the  Archbiebopric  of  Tuam,  1742.  He  was  educated  at 
a  Dissenting  academy,  with  Dr.  Isaac  Watts,  who  declared 
that  Hort  was  the  "first  genius  in  that  seminary."  1.  Serm., 
1708.  2.  Serm.,  1709.  3.  Sixteen  Serms.,  Dubl.,  1738, 
Svo;  Lon.,  1757.  4.  Instruc.  to  the  Clergy  of  Tuani, 
1742,  8vo;  1768,  8vo;  and  in  Clergyman's  Instructor,  349. 
"This  charge  contains  some  excellent  instructions  relative  to 
the  ministerial  offices." — WatV.t  Bihl.  Brit. 

See  Memoirs  by  Dr.  Tonlmin  ;  Swift's  Works. 
Iloi't,  Robert,  Rector  of  Temple  Michael,  and  Chap- 
lain to  Archbishop  Hort.     Serm.  on  the  Millennium,  Matt, 
vi.  6.     Printed   at  Dublin;  reprinted,  Lon.,  1748.     New 
ed.,  Dubl.,  1821,  Svo. 

Hort,  William  Jillard,  author  of  The  New  Pan- 
thecu  ;  or,  an  Introduction  to  the  Mythology  of  the  An- 
cients, (first  ed.,  1808,  12mo;  hist  ed".,  1852,  18mo,)  pub. 
many  other  educational  works  on  Geography,  Arithmetic, 
Chemistry,  History,  Chronology,  Reading,  Grammar,  Arts 
and  Sciences,  Natural  History,  Dictionaries,  Ac,  all  issued 
by  Longman,  of  London. 

Hortentius,  (a  nom  de  plume.)  Deinology;  or.  The 
Union  of  Reason  and  Elegance,  being  Instructions  to  a 
Y^Dung  Barrister,  &c.,  1801,  8vo. 

Horton,  Rushmore  G.,cditorof  the  New  York  Bay- 
Book,  b.  182fi.  at  Fishkill,  Dutchess  county.  New  York. 
The  Life  and  Public  Services  of  James  Buchanan,  of 
Pennsylvania,  N.  York,  1856.  12mo.  Mr.  Buchanan  was 
elected  President  of  the  United  States  in  1856.  Mr.  Hor- 
ton has  contributed  a  number  of  articles  to  the  New  Y'^ork 
journals  since  1851. 

Horton,  Thomas,  D.D.,  d.  1673,  a  native  of  Lon- 
don, educated  at,  and  Fellow  of,  Emanuel  Coll.,  Camb., 
Master  of  Queen's  Coll.,  Camb.,  and  Minister  of  St.  Mary 
Colechurch,  London,  1638;  Professor  of  Divinity  at  Gres- 
ham  Coll.,  1641;  Preacher  of  Gray's  Inn,  1647;  Vice- 
Chancellor  of  Cambridge,  1649;  ejected  for  Non-conform- 
ity, 1602;  subsequently  conformed  and  became  Vicar  of 
Great  St.  Helen's,  London,  1666.  He  pub.  (separately) 
seven  occasional  serms.,  Lon.,  1653,  '54,  '56,  '57,  '61,  '63, 
'72,  and  after  his  death  appeared  (1.)  46  Serms  upon  tho 
whole  8th  chap,  of  the  Epistle  to  the  Romans,  1674,  fol. 
2.8  Serms.  on  Ps.  iv.  1-8,  1675,  fol.  3.  A  Choice  and  Prac. 
Expos,  upon  the  IV.,  VIIL,  XXXL,  XLIL,  and  LXIIL 
Psalms,  1675.  4.  100  Select  Serms.  upon  several  Texts, 
with  the  Author's  Life,  by  Dr.  Wallis,  1679,  fol.:  fifty 
serms.  upon  the  Old  Test,  and  fifty  upon  the  New  Test. 

"■"■  lie  was  a  pious  and  learned  man,  an  hard  student,  a  sound 
divine,  a  good  testuary,  very  well  skilled  in  the  Oriental  lan- 
gua-res,  very  well  accomplished  for  the  work  of  a  minister,  and 
very  conscientious  iu  the  discharge  of  it.'' — Dr.  John  Wallis. 

See  also  Athen.  Oxon.;  Ward's  Lives  of  Gresham  Pro- 
fessors. 

Uortop,  Job.  The  Rare  Trauailes  of  lob  Hortop, 
an  Englishman,  who  was  not  heard  of  in  three  and  twentie 
yeeres  space,  wherein  is  declared  the  dangers  he  escaped 
in  his  Voyage  to  Gynnie,  where,  after  he  was  set  ashoare 
in  a  wilderness,  neere  to  Panico,  hee  endured  much  sla- 
uerio  and  bondage  in  the  Spanish  Galley.  Wherein  also 
he  discoueroth  many  strange  and  wondcrfull  things,  scene 
in  tho  time  of  his  trauaile,  as  well  concerning  wilde  and 
sauage  people,  as  also  of  sundrie  monstrous  beasts,  fishes, 
and  foules,  and  also  trees  of  wonderfuU  forme  and  qualitie, 
Lon.,  1591,  4to.  Poor  Job  seems  to  have  sufi"ercd  suffi- 
ciently to  give  him  an  additional  title  to  his  patriarchal 
and  time-honoured  designation.  We  trust  that  in  tho 
home-relation  of  his  "Rare  Trauails  among  wildo  and 
sauage  people"  the  raconteur  did  not  yield  to  the  tempta- 
tion of  "  pulling  the  long  bow,"  for  the  purpose  of  increas- 
ing the  amazement  of  his  wondering  auditors. 

HorAVOod,  Caroline,  1.  Tbe  Battle  of  Vivaldi, 
1810,  4  vols.  12mo.  2.  St.  Osburgh.  3.  Original  Moral 
Tales  for  Children.  4.  Instructive  Amusement  forY'^oung 
Minds,  in  Original  Poetry.  1815. 

Hosack,  Darid,  M.D.,  LL.D.,  ]  769-1835,  a  native 
of  tho  city  of  New  York,  educated  at  Columbia  College, 
and  at  tbe  College  of  Now  Jersey,  received  the  degree  of 
M.D.  at  Philadelphia  in  1791,  and,  after  pursuing  his  stu- 
dies in  Edinburgh  and  London,  became  Professor  of  Botany 
and  of  Materia  Medica  in  Columbia  College.  He  was  in- 
structor in  Physic  and  Clinical  Medicine  in  the  New  Col- 
lego  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  and  also  taught  in  the 
Rutgers  Medical  College.  See  our  life  of  Francis,  John 
AV.,  M.D.,  LL.D.,  where  we  have  already  dwelt  at  length 
upon  matters  that  might  otherwise  claim  a  place  in  the 

mo 


present  article.  From  1820  to  '28  Dr.  Ilosack  was  Prc- 
shieDt  of  the  New  York  Historical  Society,  and  until  the 
time  of  his  death  he  e.xerted  a  wide  and  oommandiug  in- 
fluence in  every  department  of  the  society  of  his  native 
city.  1.  Hortus  Elgiaensis,  8vo.  2.  Facts  relative  to  the 
Elgin  Botanic  Garden,  8vo.  3.  American  Med.  and  Philos. 
Register :  see  Fn.iNcis,  John  W.,  M.D..  LL.D..  No.  16.  4. 
A  Biographical  Memoir  of  Hugh  Williamson,  M.D.,  LL.D., 
&c.,  1820,  Svo.  Reviewed  by  Edward  Everett,  in  N.  Amer. 
Rev.,  .xi.  31-H7.  The  colebratcil  Hutchinson  Letters  are 
noticed  in  the  Memoir  and  in  the  Review.  5.  Essays  on 
Various  Sulijects  of  Medical  Science,  1824—30,  3  vols.  8vo. 
6.  Inaug.  Discourse  at  the  Opening  of  Rutgers  Medical 
College,  1826.  Svo. 

"By  all  .solicitous  of  information  concerning  the  history  and 
progress  of  medical  affairs  in  the  United  -States,  his  discourse  be- 
fore  the  Kut;;ers  College  will  be  studied  with  peculiar  interest." — 
Dr.  John  W.  Francis:  Life  of  Hnsack. 

7.  A  System  of  Pr.ictical  Nosology,  1829,  Svo;  1S31, 
Svo.     8.  Memoirs  of  De  Witt  Clinton,  1829,  4to. 

"A  productiou  which  will  ever  command  the  regard  of  every 
friend  of  the  system  of  Internal  Improvement  which  ennobles 
the  State  of  New  York." — Dk.  John  W.  Francis;  uhi  supra. 

9.  Lects.  on  the  Theory  and  Practice  of  Physic,  edited 
by  Rev.  Henry  W.  Ducachet,  M.D.,  1S38,  Svo.  A  posthu- 
mous publication,  with  a  portrait.  Dr.  Hosack  also  pub. 
a  paper  on  Vision,  in  Phil.  Trans..  (Ruy.al  Society,)  1791; 
medical  papers  in  .\nnals  of  Med.,  1793,  '96;  a  Biogra- 
phical Account  of  Dr.  Bcnj.  Rush,  of  Phila.,  in  Thorn.  Ann. 
Philos.,  1816;  several  discourses,  Ac.  An  interesting  me- 
moir of  Dr.  Ilosack,  by  his  former  pupil  and  partner,  Dr. 
John  W.  Fr.aucis,  will  be  found  in  Williams's  American 
Medical  Biography,  276-285.  Dr.  Francis  remarks  that 
from  the  Rev.  Uenry  W.  Ducachet,  M.D.,  of  Philadelphia, 
is  expected 

*'Au  ample  memoir  of  this  distingui.shed  individual,  whose 
abilities  few  men  are  better  able  to  appreciate  or  more  highly  to 
admire." 

But  we  fear  that  there  is  but  little  prospect  of  the  hope 
being  realized. 

Hosack,  John.  1.  Treatise  on  the  Conflict  of  Laws 
of  England  and  Scotland,  PL  1,  Lon.,  1847,  Svo.  2.  The 
Rights  of  British  and  Neutral  Commerce,  1S54,  12mo. 

Hose,  H.  J.,  Mathematical  Master  of  Westminster 
School.  The  Elements  of  Euclid,  books  i.-vi. ;  xi.,  (1-12;) 
xii.,  (1-2.)  Lon.,  12mo.     Text  based  on  Simson's. 

"Has  vaiious  points  that  recommend  it  for  general  use." — Lon. 
Literary  O'LW'ife. 

Hosier,  John.  The  M.ariner's  Friend;  or,  A  Treatise 
on  the  Stars,  Lon.,  1S09,  Svo. 

Hosking,  Wm.,  Architect  and  Civil  Engineer.  1. 
Treat,  on  Architecture  and  Building;  from  the  Eucyc. 
Brit.,  Lon.,  1839,  4to.  2.  A  Guide  to  the  Rcgnlation  of 
Buildings  as  a  Means  of  securing  the  Health  of  Towns, 
1848,  '49,  p.  Svo.     A  most  important  subject,  truly. 

"  We  must  recommend  this  work  asa  most  useful  and  well-timed 

eroduction,  calculated  to  diffuse  that  knowledge  which  we,  with 
[r.  Hosking,  regard  as  most  desirable." — Lon.  J^nnomisi. 
Hoskins,  G.  A.     1.  Travels  in  Ethiopia,  Lon.,  1S35, 
4to,  £3  13s.  6</. 

"Extremely  valuable  in  every  point  of  view  to  the  general  re.ader, 
and   particularly  to  those  who  have  engaged  in  prosecuting  re- 
searches into  Egyptian  antiquity ."—£0;;.  Lileniri/  GaielU. 
Also  highly  commended  by  Lon.  Athenieuin. 

2.  Visit  to  the  Great  Oasis  of  the  Libyan  Desert,  Svo, 
£1  1». 

"  His  volume  will  interest  the  genera!  reader  by  the  light  which 
it  throws  on  the  habits,  condition,  and  character  of  a  people  whom 
few  have  visited,  wdiile  the  antiquarian  and  the  philosopher  will 
thankt'ally  acknowledge  its  valuable  contributions  to  the  cause  of 
true  history  and  science." — Lon.  Eclectic  Review. 

3.  Spain  as  it  is,  1S51,  2  vols.  p.  Svo,  £1  Is. 

"  To  the  tourist  this  work  will  prove  invaluable.  It  is  the  most 
complete  and  interesting  portraiture  of  Spain  that  has  ever  come 
under  our  notice." — John  Bull. 

Hoskins,  H.  H.  1.  Count  de  Denia;  a  Play,  Lon., 
1841,  r.  Svo.     2.  De  Valeneourt;  a  Tragedy,  1842,  Svo. 

Hoskins,  or  Hoskyus,  John,  Sr.,  d.  1638,  a  native 
of  Herefordshire,  educated  ,at,  and  Fellow  of.  New  Coll. 
Oxf.,  became  a  Sergeant-at-Law,  a  Justice-Itinerant  for 
Wales,  and  one  of  tho  Council  of  Marches.  He  was  the 
author  of  a  number  of  epigrams  and  epitaphs  in  Latin  and 
English,  pub.  in  several  collections;  a  work  entitled  The 
Art  of  Memory;  and  left  in  MS.  some  law-treatises,  and 
an  unfinished  (Jreek  Lexicon.  See  Bliss's  Wood's  Athen. 
Oxon.,  ii.  624-629;  Granger's  Biog.  Hist,  of  Eng.  Ue 
was  eminent  for  his  skill  in  Latin  and  English  poetry. 

"'Twas  he  that  polish'd  Ben  Jonsou  the  poet,  and  made  him 
speak  clean,  whereupon  he  ever  after  called  our  author  Father 
Hoskyns;  and  'twas  he  that  view'd  and  review'd  the  History  of 
the  World,  written  by  Sir  W.  Kaleigh,  before  it  went  to  the  press  " 
—Wood  ;  vbi  supra. 
896 


HOT 

Ben  Jonson  was  not  unmindful  of  his  obligations  to 
Hoskins:  for  he  was  accustomed  to  say, 

"■'Iw.H?'  he  that  pidish'd  me;  I  do  acknowledge  it." 

Hoskins,  or  Hoskyns,  John,  Jr.,  d.  1631,  a  native 
of  Hcrefnrdshire,  brother  (sic)  to  the  preceding,  and  Per- 
petual Fellow  of  New  Coll.,  Oxf.,  became  Preb.  of  Here- 
ford and  Minister  of  Ledbury.  1.  Serm.,  Lon.,  1609,  4to. 
2.  8  Serms.,  1615,  4to.  3.  Short  Catechism.  See  Bliss's 
Wood's  Athen.  Oxon.,  ii.  510. 

"  He  was  an  able  civilian,  but  better  theolopist,  and  much  fol- 
lowed for  frequent  and  edifying  way  of  preaching." — Wood;  ubi 
supra. 

Hoskins,  Joseph.     Hymns,  Bristol,  1789,  Svo. 

Hoskyus,  Chandos  Wren.  1.  Short  Inquiry  into 
the  Hist,  of  Agriculture,  Lon.,  1849,  ]2ino.  2.  Talp.a,  or 
Chronicles  of  a  Clay  Farm;  an  Agricultural  Fragment, 
fp.  Svo,  1852,  '53,  '64. 

"These  works  obtain  very  little  notice."— /)<maZt;soi!'s  JgricuU. 
Biog. 

But  we  should  think  three  edits,  in  as  many  successive 
years  Tory  respectable  "notice."  From  the  commenda- 
tions before  us  of  Talpa,  we  have  space  for  the  following 
only: 

"  Cleverly  written  in  a  vein  of  pleasantry,  the  work  persever- 
ingly  uproots  the  prejudices  of  the  past,  and  demonstrates  that 
scientific  knowledge  is  an  important  element  in  successful  tillage." 
— Lincoln  Mercurii. 

Hosmer,  itev.  William.  1.  Self-Education;  or, 
The  Philosophy  of  Mental  Improvement,  Bath,  N.  York, 
12mo.  2.  Young  Lady's  Book  :  or.  Principles  of  Female 
Education,  Auburn,  N.  York,  12mo.  New  ed.,  N.  York, 
1855,  16mo.  3.  Young  M.an's  Book;  or,  Self-Education, 
Auburn,  N.  Y'ork,  12mo.  New  ed.,  N.  Y'ork,  1855,  16mo. 
4.  The  Higher  Law  in  its  Relations  to  Civil  Government, 
Auburn,  N.  York,  16mo.  5.  Christian  Beneficence,  1855, 
18mo. 

Hosmer,WiUiam  Henry  Cuyerl,  b.  1814,  at  Avon, 
Western  New  Y'ork,  was  educated  at  the  Temple  Hill  Aca- 
demy at  Geneseo,  and  at  Geneva  College.  He  was  en- 
gaged in  the  practice  of  tho  law  at  Avon  until  1854,  when 
he  removed  to  the  city  of  New  Y'ork,  where  he  holds  an 
office  in  the  Custom-Ilouse. 

Mr.  Hosmer  became  an  author  at  a  very  early  age, his 

muse  finding  congenial  themes  in  the  legends,  customs, 
and  superstitions  of  the  North  American  Indians,  with 
which  he  was  familiar  from  his  childhood.  The  following 
chronological  list  of  his  productions  is  extracted  from  a 
work  to  which  (as  to  the  other  vols,  by  the  same  author) 
the  student  of  American  Letters  must  have  frequent  refer- 
ence,— Griswold's  Poets  and  Poetry  of  America: 

"In  1S30  ho  composed  a  drama  entitled  'The  IMl  of  Tecumseh.' 
His  first  publication,  except  contributions  to  the  journals  and  m.iga- 
zines.  was  '  The  Themes  of  Song,' containing  about  six  hundred 
jind  fifty  lines;  this  appeared  in  1S34.  and  was  followed  by  'The 
Pioneers  of  Western  New  York,'  in  1838;  'The  Prospects  of  the 
Age,'  in  1.S41;  'Yonnondio.  or  The  Warriors  of  the  Genesee,'  in 
1S44;  'The  Months,' in  1847;  'Bird  Notes,'  'Legends  of  the  !<ene- 
cas.'and  'Indian  Traditions  and  Songs.'  in  185U;  and  a  complete 
edition  of  his  '  Poetical  Works,'  in  two  volumes,  in  1853." 

Dr.  Griswold  commends  Mr.  Hosmer's  poetry  in  very 
high  terms.  After  some  eulogistic  comments  upon  "  the 
longest,  if  not  the  most  important,  of  his  productions," 
the  critic  continues: 

"To  such  poems,  however,  [those  relating  to  the  Indians,]  mo.st 
readers  will  be  apt  to  prefer  the  simpler  effusions  in  which  he  has 
echoed  the  Notes  of  the  Birds,  or  painted  the  varying  phenomena 
of  The  Months.  In  these,  too,  he  has  fiiithfully  subjected  his 
muse  to  the  requirements  of  truth.  He  accomplishes  his  task  of 
description  by  felicities  in  selection  and  combiuation  from  nature. 
An  AuouBON  or  a  MiCHAUX  would  search  in  vain  for  an  error  in 
his  plumage  or  foli.age,  .and  a  Cole  might  give  the  finishing  touches 
to  the  lights  and  shadows  of  his  landscapes,  from  the  poet's  ob- 
servation of  atmospheric  effects  or  the  changing  influence  of  the 
seasons."  See  also  Griswold's  Prose  Writers  of  America,  4th  ed 
1882.  p.  300.  ■' 

Hossack,  Colin,  M.D.  Abridgt.  of  Baron  Von  Li- 
viston's  Commentaries,  Lon.,  1773-76,  5  vols.  Svo. 

Hotckkin,  Rev.  James  H.,  d.  at  Prattsburg,  New 
York,  1851,  graduated  at  Williams  College,  1800,  and  was 
stationed  at  Prattsburg  for  twenty-one  years  from  1809. 
Hist,  of  the  Churches  in  Western  New  York,  N.  Y'ork,  Svo. 
See  Geneseo  Evangelist,  Sept.  1851;  N.  York  Internat. 
Mag.,  1851,  p.  572. 

Ilotchkiu,  Thomas.  Serms.,  Lon.,  1675,  '78,  both 
Svo. 

Hotham,  Charles,  Fellow  of  Peterham  College. 
1.  In  Philosophiam  Tcutonicam  Manuductio,  sive  Deter- 
miuatio  de  Origine  Anim;i?  llumanie,  Lon.,  1648,  Svo. 
Englished  by  D.  F.,  1650,  12mo.  In  tho  preface  occurs 
the  following  remark : 

"  In  truth  it  is  very  h.ird  to  write  good  English ;  and  few  have 
attained  its  height,  in  this  last  frie  of  books,  but  Mr.  Milton." 

2.  Corporations  Vindicated,  ic.,  1651,  12mo.    3.  Petition 


HOT 


IIOU 


and  Argument  before  the  Com.  of  the  Reform,  of  Univer- 
sitiea,  1656,  4(0. 

Hothain,  Diirand.  Life  of  J.  Bchmen,  Lon.,  1654, 
4to. 

Hothnm,  Sir  John.  Certain  Letters  from  him  and 
others  intercei.t.d.  Oxf,  1043.  4to. 

Uothani,  Sir  Uichard.  Reflections  on  East  India 
Shippini;,  Lnn.,  177-i,  -Svu. 

Hon (le mill »,  Jolt.,  a  native  of  Enp;land.  Chrlstiadoa 
Rhythnii<'u\  liliri  vi.,  Luxemb.,  IfJOo,  Svo. 

Hoii^h,  F.  B.  1.  Hist,  of  St.  Lawrence  and  Franklin 
Counties,  New  York.  Albany,  1853,  Svo.  2.  Hist,  of  Jeffer- 
son County,  New  York,  1854,  Svo.  3.  New  York  Civil  List, 
1855,  12mo.    Ed.  of  sundry  historical  documents,  1855-9. 

Hough,  James,  Perpetual  Curate  of  Ham,  formerly 
Chaplain  to  the  E.  I.  Co.  at  Madras.  1.  A  Reply  to  the 
Letters  of  the  Abb^  Dubois,  on  the  State  of  Christianity 
in  India,  Lon.,  1824,  Svo.  2.  Christian  Legacy.  12mo. 
3.  Letters  on  Neilgherries,  Svo.  4.  Protestant  Missions 
vindicated,  1837,  Svo.  5.  Missionary's  Vade-Mecum, 
12rao.  6.  Book  of  Psalms  and  Hymns,  1838,  ISmo.  7. 
Hist,  of  Christianity  in  India  from  the  commencement  of 
the  Christian  Era,  1S39-45,  4  vols.  Svo,  £2  8s. 

"  I  wish  I  were  wilting,  my  dear  friend,  Tbe  History  of  Chris- 
tianity in  India.  It  is  a  glorious  theme." — Bishop  Wdsmi,  of  Cal- 
cutta, to  the  author. 

This  is  an  authentic  and  a  most  valuable  work.  In  the 
Appendix  will  bo  found  The  Acts  and  Decrees  of  the 
Synod  of  Diauiper,  ttc. 

Hough,  John,  D.D.,  1C51-1743,  a  native  of  Middle- 
sex, educated  at,  and  Fellow  of.  Magdalene  College,  O.xford, 
was  elected  President  of  bis  colb'gc  in  lt}.s7,  in  contempt 
of  the  arbitrary  mandamus  of  -James  II.,  who  illegally 
attempted  to  force  the  Fellows  to  elect  Anthony  Farmer 
head  of  the  college.  The  king  hereupon  sent  a  mandate 
to  the  Fellows  to  elect  Dr.  Sauiuid  Parker,  Li.sbop  of  Ox- 
ford, a  Roman  Catholic,  President  of  the  college.  Upon 
the  refusal  of  the  Fellows,  Lords-Commissioners  were  sent 
to  Magdalene,  who  were  stoutly  confronted  by  Hough  and 
twenty-six  of  the  twenty-eight  Fellows  of  the  College,  and 
the  kt;ys  retained  by  the  former,  who  boldly  protested 
against  the  illegal  proceedings.  Tbe  Cummissioners  then 
forced  open  the  duor  of  the  President's  lodgings,  and 
placed  Dr.  Parker  in  Hough's  place. 

"The  naiinii,  as  well  an  the  university,  looked  on  all  this  pro- 
ceeding with  a  just  indignation.  It  was  thought  au  open  pieiie 
of  robVjery  and  burti;lary,  when  men  a^lthol■iJ'.eli  by  no  legal  com- 
mission came  forcibly  and  turned  men  out  of  their  possession  and 
freeholds." — Bishop  Uurnet. 

"Ilouyh  maintained  his  own  rights  and  those  of  his  coUeKe 
with  equal  decorum  and  firmness." — Sir  James  Mackintosh' s  lie- 
v'l.io  of  the  Causes  of  the  Jievolution  of  1688:  Works,  ii.  157,  Lon., 
ISo-t. 

'■The  protestor  Hough  was  everywhere  applauded;  the  forcing 
of  his  door  was  everywhere  nientiimed  with  abhorrence." — T.  B. 
Macaiilaifs  Hist,  of  Eng.,  Vdl.  ii.,  li>49. 

This  occurred  in  October,  16S7;  and  in  the  end  of  Sep- 
tember of  the  following  year,  James  II. — now  alarmed  fur 
the  safety  of  his  crown — took  measures  by  which  Hough 
and  his  expelled  Fellows  and  Demies  were  restored.  After 
the  Revolutiun,  Hough  was,  in  April.  1690,  made  Bishop 
of  Oxford;  in  16H9  he  succeeded  Dr.  William  LIuyd,  Bishop 
of  Lichfield  and  Coventry;  in  1715,  on  the  death  of  Tcni- 
son,  he  declined  the  Archl>ishoprie  of  Cautcrbury,  but  in 
1717  he  became  Eishop  of  Worcester.  Fur  further  infor- 
mation respecting  this  excellent  man,  the  reader  is  referred 
to  the  histories  of  England;  John  E.  AVilmofs  Life  and 
Correspondence  of  Bi.-ht>p  lluugh,  Lnn.,  1S12,  r.  4to;  and  to 
the  Life  prefixed  to  Bishop  Hough's  Sermons  and  Charges, 
by  Wm.  Russell,  Oxford,  1S21,  Svo.  During  the  bishop's 
life  be  pub.  eight  occasional  serms.,  1701,  '02,  '04,  '05,  '09, 
'12,  '15,  all  in  4to.  Mr.  Russell's  collection  contains  four 
charges  and  nine  sermons,  but  neither  of  the  above  ser- 
mons, at  which  we  somewhat  marvel.  Hough  left  strict 
orders  that  none  of  his  MS.  sermons  should  be  pub.  after 
his  death. 

''  He  is  fuvniphed  with  a  large  stock  of  learning  and  piety.  lie 
has  turned  over  the  Fathers  with  great  curiosity  and  pains,  and 
paid  a  venerable  respect  tu  tlieir  ashes;  and.  as  he  is  a  Prelate  of 
remarkable  piety  and  learning,  sohei.'ja  Hero  of  great  temper  and 
courage.  This  was  seen  in  his  resolute  defending  the  rights  of 
Magdalen  College:  for  this  noble  service  he  is  justly  rewarded 
with  tbe  See  of  Lichtield  and  Coventry.  Those  whose  actions  are 
eminently  pious  and  brave  will,  like  this  worthy  champion,  be 
eminent  in  place  and  person." — John  Duntos  :  Life  and  Errors. 

Hough,  Nathaniel,  D.D.,  Fellow  of  Jesus  College, 
Camb.,and  Rectomf  St.  George's,  Southwark.  Six  Serms., 
pub.  separately,  1704.  '06.  '12,  '15,  '16,  '24. 

Hough,  Major  WiUiam.     1.  Case-Book  of  Native 
and  European  General  Courts-Martial,  Calcutta,  1821.     2. 
In   conjunction  with  G.  Long,  The    Practice   of  Courts- 
67 


Martial,  Ac,  Lon.,  1825,  Svo;  Calcutta,  18.34,  Svo.  3.  On 
the  E.  I.  Co.'s  Mutiny  Acts,  Ac.  Lon.,  1838,  Svo.  4.  Chro- 
nol.  Expos,  of  Military-Law  Authnrities,  17S1-18.''.9,  Svo; 
lS;i9.     5.  Narrative  of  the  War  in  AfTghanistan,  1841,  Svo. 

"  This  work  is  what  would  lie  called  by  the  Duke  of  Wellington 
'a  true  booU.'" — Lfm.  Spcrtator. 

"From  the  minute  tidelity  with  which  this  book  records  every 
fact  connected  with  the  army,  it  will  be  invaluable  to  the  com- 
mander in  any  future  campaign  ;  and,  beyond  all  other  works  on 
the  same  subject,  will  be  the  one  refeind  In  with  most  conlidenc* 
by  the  historian." — Naval  and  MHi/nri/  fJuzi'ft-i. 

"Jleyond  all  doubt  the  most  I'mnpleti'  liisLury  of  a  campaign  we 
have  ever  met  with." — United  Service  Gazette. 

6.  Political  and  Military  Events  in  British  India,  Aff- 
gbanistan,  and  China,  from  1757  to  1S49,  2  vols.  p.  Svo, 
1S53.  Major  Hough  was  engaged  in  active  service  in 
India  for  forty  years,  and  participated  in  many  of  the 
scenes  described  by  him.  His  authority  therefore  is  of 
great  weight.  7.  India  as  it  ought  to  be  under  the  New 
Charter  Act,  1853,  Svo.  8.  Precedents  in  Military  Law, 
1S55,  Svo. 

llon^hton,  Aylmar.  Antidote  against  Hen.  Hag- 
gar's  Poysonous  Pamphlet  against  Baptism,  Lon.,  1659, 
4to. 

Houghton,  Douglass,  M.D.,  1809-1845.  a  native  of 
Troy,  Surgeon  and  Botanist  to  the  United  States  Expe- 
dition to  explore  the  sources  of  the  Mississippi  River, 
drew  up  an  aide  and  valuable  Report  of  the  Botany  of  the 
region  through  which  he  tlien  passed.  In  1S37  he  was 
appointed  State  Geologist  to  Michigan.  See  American 
Almanac,  1847,  325-326. 

-  Hoiightou,  J.  Observations  on  the  Evidences  of 
Christ's  Resurrection  :  two  Serm.s.,  Lon.,  1798,  Svo. 

Houghton,  J.     Mercantile  Tables,  ISll,  Svo. 

Houghton,  John.  1.  A  Collec  of  Letters  for  the  Im- 
provement of  Husbandry  and  Trade,  Lon.,  1681,  4to;  1691, 
17tl3,  fol.  See  Donaldson's  Agricult.  Biog.  2.  Collections 
for  the  Improvement  of  Husbandry,  kc,  1680-95;  2d  ed., 
revised  by  Rich.  Bradley,  1727-28,  4  vols.  Svo. 

"These  papers  contain  a  great  variety  of  curious  particulars  and 
discussions." — McCulUjeh's  Lit.  'f  PoUf.  Ecm. 

3.  Account  of  Coffeej   Phil.  Trans.,  1099. 

Houghton,  John.     Eng.  Grammar,  Lon..  1765,  Sto. 

Houghton,  Mary.     Novels,  ISIO,  '13,  '16. 

Houghton,  Pendlehury.     Serms.,  1790-lSlO. 

Houghton,  Thomas.  Rara  Avis  in  Terris ;  The 
Comi)]cte  Miner,  &c,  Lon.,  1681,  Svo;  1688,  12mo;  again 
in  1729  and  in  1738.  Houghton  pub.  other  works  on 
mining,  Ac.     See  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit. 

Houghton,  Win.     Poems,  1812-13. 

Houghton,  VVm.  1.  Exam,  of  Calvinism;  2d  ed., 
Lon.,  1849,  12mo.  2.  Inquiry  into  the  Theory  of  the  Ang- 
lican Reformers,  1852,  cr.  Svo. 

Houlbrook,  Wm.  A  Blacksmith  and  no  Jesuit; 
or.  The  Smith  of  Marlborough.  Lon.,  1660,  12mo. 

Houlbrooke,  Theophilus.     Serm.,Lon.,1706,4to. 

Houlder,  Robert.  Barnevelt's  Apology ;  with  Mar- 
ginal Castignlions,  1618,  4to. 

Houlston,  Thomas,  M.D.,  of  Liverpool.  Med.  trea- 
tises. Lon.,  1773-87. 

Houlston,  Wm.     Med.  treatises,  1792,  '94,  Svo. 

Houlton,  Robert.     Serms.,  Lon.,  1765,  '67. 

Iloulton,  Robert.     A  Comic  Opera,  <fec.,  1800-02. 

Ilouschone,  Wm.  Scotland  pulling  down  the  Qatea 
of  Rume.  Lon.,  1683,  4to. 

Houseman,  C.  A  AVriting;  or,  Declaration  from  the 
Law-Book,  Ac;  2d  ed.,  Lon.,  1821,  Svo.  Privately  printed. 
Again,  183.3,  Svo?  See  Martin's  Cat.  of  Privately-Printed 
Books;  2d  ed.,  1854,  p.  27S.  This  is  an  attack  on  the 
Newtonian  system. 

Houseman,  John.  1.  A  Topog.  Descrip.  of  Cum- 
berland, Westmoreland,  Lancashire, Ac,  Carlisle,  ISOO,  Svo. 
2.  A  Descriptive  Tour  and  Guide  to  the  Lakes,  &c.,  ISOO, 
'02,  Svo. 

'•In  my  early  Tours  I  found  this  book  very  useful."' — MS.  nol« 
in  Henry  Drurifs  copy. 

No.  2  forms  part  of  No.  1.  See  Upcott's  Eng.  Topog., 
114-115. 

Honsman,  Robert,  the  founder,  and  for  above 
forty  years  the  incumbent  minister,  of  St.  Anne's,  Lancas- 
ter, author  of  sermons,  Ac,  1793,  »tc.  See  his  Life  and 
Remains,  by  Robert  Fletcher  Honsman,  Lon.,  1841,  8vo. 
See  Lon.  Evangel.  Register;  Lancaster  Gazetteer. 

Honsman,  Robert  Fletcher.  1.  Life  and  Remains 
of  the  Rev.  Robert  Uousman.  See  preceding  article.  2. 
A  Collection  of  English  Sonnets,  1S41,  Svo.  See  Lon. 
Athena;um. 

Houston,  Mrs.,  a  daughter  of  Mr.  Edward  Jesse, 
the  author  of  Favourite  Haunts  and  Rural  Studies,  4c.^ 


nou 

has  become  known  to  the  reailing  puljlic  by  her  descriptions 
of  her  trnvcUing  adventures— viz. :  1.  A  Yacht  Voyage  to 
Texas  and  the  Gulf  of  Mexico.  Lon.,  1844,  2  vols.  p.  Svo. 
"  ghe  inherits  the  easy  spirit  of  the  paternal  pen.  Iler  fuiven- 
ture.s  are  often  most  diverting:,  and  the  buoyancy  of  her  tempera- 
ment seems  almost  unique:  vet  all  is  amiable,  jrtntle,  and  t;ond." 
—Miss  RlCBV:  Liuly  Travrllers:  Lon.  Qiiar.  Hn:,  l.xxvi.  124-)-25. 
2.  Hesperus;  or,  Travels  in  the  West,  1S50,  2  vols.  p. 
Svo.  In  this  work  Mrs.  Houston  describes  her  travels  in 
the  United  States  of  North  America.  See  Lon.  AtheniBum, 
1860,  99-100. 

Houston,  James.    Observations,  Geographical,  Na- 
tural, .ind  Historical,  on  the  Coast  of  Guinea,Lou.,1725,8vo. 
Houston,  James.     Sec  Houstoun. 
Houston,  Robert.     See  Houstoun. 
Houston,  T.     Term-Day;  a  Comedy,  1803. 
Houston,  Rev.  Thomas,  of  Kuockbraeken.    1.  Di- 
vine Commendation  of  Abraham,  Lon.,  1844,  ISmo.  Highly 
commended.     2.  Youthful  Dcvottdness;   Duties  of  Keli- 
gion,  1849,  12mo.     3.  Judgment  of  the  Papacy  and  the 
Keign  of  Righteousness,  1852.  12n)0. 

Houston,  William,  M.D.,  d.  17.33,  in  the  West  In- 
dies, an  eminent  English  botanist.  1.  Reliciuia'  Hou.stoni- 
ani»  seu  in  Plantnrum  in  America  Meridionali  coUectar. 
Icones,  (26,)Londiui,  1781,  4to.  Pub.  by  Sir  Joseph  Banks. 
2.  The  Contrayerva;  Phil.  Trans.,  1731.  3.  The  Thorax 
and  Respiration  :   Phil.  Trans..  1736. 

Houston,  MiUiam.     See  Hoilston. 
Houstoun,  or  Houston,  James.     Memoirs  of  his 
Life-Time,  and   curious   particulars  of  30  Y'ears'  Travel, 
collected  from  his  own  MS.  by  BiekerstatT,  Lon.,  1747,  Svo. 
Houstoun,  a  Scotchman,  was  surgeon  to  the  Assicnto  Com- 
pany's Factories  in  America,  and  was  for  many  years  en- 
gaged in  trading  in  Central  America  and  the  Spanish  Main. 
Houstoun,  or  Houston,  Robert,  M.D.   1.  Animad. 
on  Lithotomia  Douglassiana,  Lon.,  1720,  Svo.     2.  Hist,  of 
Euptures,1726,8vo.  3.  Mod.  papers  in  Phil.  Trans.,1723,'24. 
Hova>us,  Rob.,  a  Scotsman.      Do    Reconoiliatione 
Homiuis  cum  Deo,  Bus.,  1591. 

Hoveden,  Roger  De,  an  English  historian,  lawyer, 
and  divine,  temp.  Henry  II..  flourished  about  the  end  of 
the  12th  and  beginning  of  the  13th  centuries.  He  was  for 
some  time  a  Professor  of  History  at  Oxford  ;  but  a  portion 
of  his  life  was  spent  at  court,  and  in  confidential  services 
intrusted  to  him  by  the  king.  He  composed  Annales  in 
Latin,  commencing  at  the  year  731.  where  Bode  left  off, 
and  continued  to  the  third  year  of  King  John,  1202.  The 
Annales  were  first  pub.  by  Sir  Henry  Savile,  in  the  Scrip- 
tores  post  Bedara,  Lon.,  1695,  fob,  and  reprinted  at  Frank- 
fort, in  two  books,  1601,  fol.  A  new  ed.,  by  T.  Riley,  pub. 
in  Bohn's  Antiq.  Lib.,  vols,  xx.,  xxiii.,  1853.     Vossius  sivys 


HOW 

■  -How,  or  Howe,  WiUiam,  1619-1666,  a  native  of, 
and  physician  in,  London,  for  some  time  a  captain  in  the 
king's  army,  was  the  first  English  botanist  who  gave  a 
sketch  of  a'"  Flora,"— viz. :  Phytologia  Britannica  natales 
exhibens  Indigeuarum  Stirpium  Sponte  emergentiam, 
Lon.,  1650,  Svo. 

"This  list  contains  1220  pLants.  which  (as  few  mosses  and  funjri 
are  enumerated)  is  a  copious  catalogue  for  that  time,  even  admit- 
ting the  varieties  which  the  present  state  of  botany  would  reject; 
but  there  are  many  articles  in  it  which  have  no  title  to  a  place  as 
IndiL'eaous  plants  of  England." 

An  index  of  plants  in  the  Phytologia  Britannica  is  an- 
nexed to  Robert  Lovell's  Enchiridion  Botanicum,  Oxf., 
1669,  2  vols.  Svo;  IfifiS,  Svo. 

How  also  pub.  Matthew  de  L'Obell's  Stirpium  Illustra- 
tiones,  Lon.,  1665,  4to.  See  Athen.  Oxon.  Wood  tells  us 
that  How 

"Left  behind  him  a  choice  library  of  books  of  his  faculty;  but 
how  they  were  bestowed  I  cannot  tell."— f(/i  supra:  Bliss's  ed., 
iii.  419. 

What  would  not  the  Hookers  and  Loudons  of  our  day 
give  for  a  sight  of  this  curious  botanical  library? 

How.     See  Howe. 

Howard.  Discourse  wherein  the  Doctrines  which 
make  for  Tyranny  are  Displayed,  1597,  Svo. 

Howard.     Moneys  in  Exchequer,  Ac,  1694,  fol. 

Howard,  Miss.     M;irried  Life,  1811,  5  vols.  12mo. 

Howard,  Anne,  Viscountess  Irwin,  d.  1760,  second 
daughter  of  Charles,  E;rrl  of  Carlisle,  was  married  first  to 
Richard.  Viscount  Irwin,  and  secondly  to  Colonel  Douglas. 

1.  A  char.aclcr  of  the    Princess   Elizabeth,  pub.  in  1759. 

2.  An  Ode  on  King  George  the  Third,  1761.  3.  An  An- 
swer to  some  Verses  of  Lady  Mary  Wortley  Montague, 
printed  in  the  Supp.  to  Pope's  Works,  vol.  i.  p.  170.  4.  A 
Poetical  Ess.ay  on  Mr.  Pope's  Characters  of  Women.  The 
last,  which  is  her  best-known  piece,  (see  P.ark's  Walpole's 
R.  and  N.  Authors,  v.  166-157.)  is  highly  commended  by 
Duncombe,  in  the  Feminead,  cj.  v. 

Howard,  Benjamin  C,  a  native  of  Maryland,  for 
many  years  Clerk  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  U.  States. 
Reports  of  Cases  in  Supreme  Ct.  U.  States,  1843,  to  Decem- 
ber Term,  1855,  Bost.,  18  vols.  Svo,  $6  50  per  vol.  These 
Reports  follow  Peters's.  Dall.as's,  Cranch's,  Wheaton's, 
Peters's,  and  Howard's  Reports  constitute  a  complete  set 
of  U.  States  Supreme  Ct.  Reports.  Of  these  invaluable 
Reports  a  new  edit,  is  in  course  of  publication  by  Little, 
Brown  &  Co.  of  Boston,  edited  by  Judge  Benjamin  R. 
Curtis.  The  OIil  Series  of  these  Reports,  to  the  close  of 
December  Term,  1854,  are  in  57  vols., — viz. :  Dallas,  4  vols. ; 
Cranch,  9  vols.;  Wheaton,  12  vols.;  Peters.  16  vols.; 
Howard,  17  vols.  The  catalogue-price  of  these  53  vols, 
is  $222.     The  new  ed.  is  comprised  in  22  vols.,  at  $3  only 


that  he  wrote  also  a  history  of  the  Northumbrian  kings,    per  vol.,  with  Notes  and  a  Digest  of  all  the  Decisions. 


and  a  life  of  Thomas  a  Becket. 

"  If  we  consider  his  diligence,  his  knowledge  of  antiquity,  and 
bis  religious  strictness  of  veracity,  he  may  be  con."!idered  as  having 
surpassed  not  only  the  rudi-  liistoi  iiuis  of  the  preceding  ages,  but 
even  what  could  haveljeen  e-\;>r.  t.d  ot  himself  If  to  that  hdelity, 
which  is  the  first  quality  of  a  liistoiiau.  he  h-td  joined  a  little  more 
elegance  of  Latin  style,  he  might  have  stood  the  first  among  the 
authors  of  that  class." — Lel,\nd. 

But  see  Recueil  des  Histoires  des  Gaules,  Ac,  torn,  xi., 
Pref.  Ixxx. ;  torn,  xiii.,  Pref.  xxj.  According  to  the  last- 
cited  authority,  Hoveden  appears  to  have  been  chiefly  a 
copyist  of  Henry  of  Huntingdon,  Simeon  of  Durham,  and 
Benedietus  Abbas.     See  Tanner;  Dibdin's  Lib.  Corap. 

Hovenden,  John  Eykyn.  1.  Treat,  rel.  to  Fraud, 
Lon.,  1S25.  2  vols.  r.  Svo.  Amer.  ed.,  by  T.  Huntington, 
N.  York,  1832,  2  vols.  r.  Svo.  A  work  of  but  little  merit. 
See  15  Amer.  Jur.,  368.  2.  Supp.  to  Vesey  Jr.'s  Reports 
of  Cases  in  Chancery,  Lon.,  1S27,  2  vols.  r.  Svo. 

Hovey,  Alvah,  D.D.  Memoir  of  the  Life  and  Times 
of  the  Rev.  Isaac  Backus,  Bost.,  1859,  12mo. 

Hovey,  C.  M.,  b.  Oct.  1810.  at  Cambridge,  Mass.,  for 
more  tha"u  twenty  years  ed.  of  the  Mag.  of  Horticulture. 
The  Fruits  of  America  :  a  Series  of  48  Drawings,  col'd 
after  Nature,  of  the  choicest  varieties  of  American  Fruits, 
•with  Botanical  .and  Popul.ar  Descriptions,  Bost..  1847,  Svo. 
The  horticulturist  cannot  well  dispense  with  this  volume. 
Hovey,  Ivory,  1714-1803,  Minister  of  Plymouth, 
Mass.,  graduated  at  Harvard  College,  1735,  pub.  a  serm. 
on  leaving  Metapoiset,  and  one  on  the  subject  of  Mortality. 
How,  James,  Rector  of  Milton.  Kent,  pub. — 1.  Four 
separate  serms.,  Lon.,  1728,  '31,  '32,  '66  ;  2.  The  Reformed 
Prodigal,  1762,  Svo;  and,  3.  Busy  Bodies  Anatomized,  1764, 
Svo. 

How,  James.  Discourse  on  Prayer,  Glasg.,  1749,  Svo. 
How,  Samuel.  Human  Learuingno  Help  to  Spiritual 
Understanding,  Lon.,  1655,  4to. 


This  enterprise  we  regard  as  one  of  the  most  praiseworthy 
of  the  day.  But,  as  the  opinion  of  a  layman  is  not  con- 
sidered ••  authority"  by  the  "  gentlemen  of  the  long  robe," 
we  arc  able  to  strengthen  our  dictum  by  the  opinions  of 
Judges  Taney,  McLean,  W.ayne,  Catron,  Daniel,  Nelson. 
Grier,  Campbell,  Walker,  and  Thomas.  Professor  Thcophi- 
lus  Parsons,  and  Messrs.  AngcU  and  Ames.  If  any  apo- 
logy bo  required  for  the  warm  interest  displayed  by  the 
author  of  this  Dictionary  in  the  Literature  of  Jurispni- 
dence, — a  laic, — this  apology  has  already  been  tendered 
in  his  Lives  of  Sir  William  Blackstone  and  Lord  Coke, 
and  in  other  places  in  this  volume.  See  Curtis,  Ben.ja- 
MIN  R. 
Howard,  Caroline.  See  Gloter,  Mrs. 
Howard,  Hon.  Charles,  of  Norfolk.  1.  Tanning 
Leather;  Phil.  Trans.,  1674.  2.  Planting,  Ac  of  Saffron  ; 
ibid.,  1678. 

Howard,  Charles,  Earl  of  Carlisle,  d.  16S6.  Rela- 
tion of  his  three  Embassies  from  Charles  II.  to  the  Courts 
of  Muscovy,  Sweden,  and  Dcumark,  1663,  '64,  by  G.  M., 
Lon.,  1609,  Svo;  with  a  portrait  of  the  Earl,  by  Faithorne. 
This  vol.,  "containing  many  curious  remarks  upon  the 
countries  through  which  the  Earl  passed,"  is  reprinted  in 
Harris's  Voyages. 

Howard,  Charles,  third  Earl  of  Carlisle.  See  Car- 
lisle. 

Howard,  Hon.  Charles,  of  Greystoek  Castle,  Cum- 
berhmd,  afterwards  (1777)  tenth  Duke  of  Norfolk,  d.  17S6. 
1.  Thoughts,  Essays,  and  Maxims,  chiefly  Religious  and 
Political,  Lon.,  176S,  Svo.  2.  Historical  Anecdotes  of 
some  of  the  Howard  Family,  1769,  Svo.  Part  of  this  work 
(now  very  rare)  was  intended  for  a  Preface  to  a  new  ed. 
of  the  Poems  of  Henry  Howard,  Earl  of  Surrey.  A  copy 
(of  the  Anecdotes)  was  sold  at  the  Fonthill  sale  for  £3  3i. 
See  a  description  of  the  work  in  Moulo's  Bibl.  Heraldica, 


now 


HOW 


BCXXII.  It  is  said  that  it  was  suppressed  by  the  author. 
See  Memorial  of  Chnrlcs  Howard,  Esq.,  of  GreystocU,  tfec, 
in  Martm's  Bibl.  Oat.  of  Privatoly-Printed  Books,  ed. 
1854,  p.  61  ;   Luwndes's  Bibl.  Man.,  973. 

Howard,  Daniel.  1.  Treat,  on  Summary  Procecd- 
iugs,  &v.,  Lun.,  1812,  Svo.  2.  Do.  before  Magistrates, 
ISU.  Svo. 

HoAvard,  Hon.  Edward,  son  of  Thomas,  Earl  of 
Berkshire,  and  brother  of  Sir  Hubert  Howard,  "exposed 
himself  to  the  severity  of  our  satirists  by  writing  bad 
plays."  1.  The  Usurper;  Trag.,  Lon.,  1668,  4to.  Tbc 
character  of  Damocles  was  intended  fur  Oliver  Cromwell. 
See  the  letter  by  Thomas  Hnbbcs,  prefixed  to  tbis  play. 
2.  Six  Days'  Adventure;  a  Coin.,  1671,  4to.  3.  The  Wo- 
man's Conquest ;  Tragi-Cum.,  1671.  4to.  4.  The  Man  of 
Newmarket;  Com.,  1678,  4to.  5.  Tbc  Change  of  Crownes; 
a  Play.  Not  printed.  6.  Tbe  Loudon  Geutieman;  a  Com. 
Not  printed.  7.  The  United  Kingdoms  ;  Tragi-Com.  Not 
printed.  He  was  also  the  author  of — 8.  The  British 
Princes;  an  Heroic  Poem,  1660,  Svo.  9.  Poems  and  Es- 
says, &c.,  1674,  8vo.     See  Biog.  Dramat. 

"Sir  Robert  [Howard]  was  the  oii^;in;ii  hero  of  The  Kehejirsal, 
and  was  called  Bilboa.  In  the  reuioduUed  Uunciad,  t'ope  inserted 
the  lines, 

*And  high-born  Howard,  more  majestic  sire, 
With  Fool  of  Quality  coiiipl'tj?s  the  choir." 
Pope's  'hijrh-born  Howard'  wasKdward  Howard,  the  author  of  The 
British  I'rinoes." — 7*.  B.  Macaulai/s  Hist,  of  Eng.,  vol.  iii.  1850. 

See  Howard,  Sir  Robert.  M.P.,  in  this  Dictionary. 

Howard,  Hon.  Edward.  1.  Philosu|.hy  of  Des- 
cartes, Lon.,  1701,  4to.  2.  Copernicus  Convicted,  1705, 
8vo. 

Howard,  EdAvard.  1.  New  Fulminating  Mercury  ; 
Nic.  Jour,  1^00,  and  Phil.  Trans.,  1800.  2.  Stony  and 
Metalline  Substances,  &.C.,  Nic.  Jour.  1802;  Phil,  Trans., 
1802. 

Howard,  Edward,  Lt.,  R.N.,  a  popular  novelist,  d. 
1842.  1.  The  Old  Commodore,  Lon.,  1S37,  3  vols.  p.  Svo. 
2.  Rattlin  the  Reefer,  1838  ;  1839,  12mo  ;  1849,  12mo.  3. 
Outward-Bound,  1838,  3  vols.  p.  Svo.  4.  Memoir  of  Ad- 
miral Sir  William  Sidney  Smith,  U.C.B.,  1839,  2  vols.  Svo. 
5.  Jack  Ashore,  1840,  3  vols.  p.  Svo;  1849,  ]2mo.  6.  Sir 
Henry  Morgan,  the  Buccaneer,  1842,  3  vols.  p.  Svo.  See 
the  authentic  memoirs  of  Sir  Henry  Morgan  iu  Lon.  Gent. 
Mag.  for  1S32,  voL  cii.  Pt.  1,  128,  131.  Lieut.  Howard 
also  pub.  many  pieces  in  tho  periodicals  of  the  day. 

Howard,  Frank,  a  son  of  Henry  Howard,  tbe  emi- 
nent artist,  [post.)  1.  The  Spirit  of  the  Plays  of  Shak- 
speare  exhibited  in  a  Series  of  Outline  Plates  illustrative 
of  the  Story  of  each  Play,  with  Quotations  and  Descrip- 
tions, 1827-33 ;  491  Plates;  bound  in  5  vols.  Svo,  £14  8s. ; 
large  paper,  r.  4to,  £25  4«.  The  plates  are  sold  sepa- 
rately. This  is  a  most  valual)le  work.  2.  Sketcher's 
Manual,  or  Tbe  whole  art  of  Picture  Making  reduced  to 
the  Simplest  Principles,  1837,  12[no;  also,  1841;  1846; 
1852.     3.  Colour  as  a  Means  of  Art,  1838,  p.  Svo. 

"A  pretty  lionk,  which  we  may  recommend  as  f^iving  useful 
hints:  tinted  hthograph  plates  illusti'ate  the  keys  of  harmony  iu 
which  different  artists  wrought." — Lon.  Athaicen m . 

*'  Mr.  Howard  has  done  great  service  in  this  attempt  to  reduce 
to  principles  of  oortajnty  those  qualities  which  have  beeu  hitherto 
vaguely  referred  to  taste." — Lon.  Atlas. 

4.  Imitative  Art,  or  the  Means  of  Representing  the 
Pictorial  Appearance  of  Objects,  p.  Svo  ;  1840.  5.  Science 
of  Drawing;  in  3  Pts.,  12mo,  1839^0.  See  Howard, 
Henry,  of  Royal  Academy. 

Howard,  Frederick,  Earl  of  Carlisle.  See  Carlisle. 

Howard,  George,  i.e.  Lieut.  F.  C.  Laird,  R.N. 
1.  Lady  Jane  (irey  and  her  Times,  Lon.,  1822,  Svo. 

*'  Lieut.  Laird  himself  told  me  35  or  .36  years  ago  that  he  was  the 
author  of  this  book."— 71  H,  Home,  D.D.,  to  S.  A.  AlUhone^  Oct.  185S. 

2.  Wolsey  the  Cardinal,  and  his  Times,  1824,  Svo. 

Howard,  George  William  Frederick,  Earl  of 
Carlisle.     See  Carlisle. 

Howard,  Gorges  Edmund,  d.  in  London  in  178G, 
a  poet  and  architect,  dramatic,  legal,  and  political  writer, 
pub.  his  Miscellaneous  Works  in  Dublin,  1782,  3  vols.  Svo. 
He  pub.  enough  matter  to  fill  4  quarto  and  11  octavo  vols. 
His  most  useful  publications  were  those  on  the  E,xche- 
quer,  Chancery,  Revenue,  and  Trade  of  Ireland,  1759-81. 
See  Biog.  Dramat.;  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit.;  Marvin's  Leg. 
Bibl. 

Howard,  Henry,  Earl  of  Surrey,  1518?-1547,  one 
of  the  most  eminent  of  English  poets,  was  tho  tbird  son 
of  Thomas,  Earl  of  Surrey,  and  third  Duke  of  Norfolk, 
by  his  second  duchess,  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Edward 
Stafford,  Duke  of  Buckingham.  In  his  early  youth  be 
was  a  companion  at  Windsor  Castle  to  Henry  Fitzroy, 


Duke  of  Riehninnd,  Henry  VIII. 's  natural  son;  and  he 
subsequently  acct)mpanied  his  friend  to  Cardinal  Ci>llege, 
now  Christ  Cburch,  Oxford.  In  1535  he  was  married  to 
the  Lady  Frances  Vere,  in  1642  served  in  the  army 
under  his  fatber  in  Scotland,  and  in  1544  was  appointed 
Field-Marshal  of  the  English  army  on  the  Continent.  He 
did  good  serviee  at  tbe  sieges  of  Landrecy  and  Boulogne, 
and,  by  his  valour,  skill,  and  accomplishments,  secured  a 
degree  of  pnpular  favour  which  excited  the  jealousy  of 
tbe  king  and  tho  Earl  of  Hertford,  the  king's  brother, 
and  thus  proved  his  ruin.  In  1546  he  was  ordered  to 
return  from  the  Continent,  made  a  prisoner  on  his  arrival 
in  England,  convicted  of  high  treason  on  tbe  most  absurd 
pretences,  and  beheaded  on  Tower  Hill,  January  19,  1647. 
He  left  two  sons  and  three  daughters  to  mourn  his  un- 
timely and  melancholy  end.  Much  obscurity  rests  upon 
his  adventures  as  a  romantic  traveller  and  poetical  biver, 
and  until  recently  but  little  was  known  of  the  far-famed 
lady  to  whom  he  indited  the  most  celebrated  of  his  effu- 
sions ;  but 

"  It  seems  to  be  now  ascertained,  after  sweeping;  away  a  host  of 
foolish  legends  and  traditionary  prejudices,  that  the  Oeralditie  of 
Sui-rey.  Lady  Klizabeth  Fitztrerald,  was  a  child  of  thirteen,  for 
whom  his  passion,  if  such  it  is  to  be  called,  began  several  years 
after  his  own  mariiai^e.  But.  in  fnot,  there  is  more  of  the  eouven- 
tioual  tone  of  amorous  song  than  of  real  emotion  iu  Surrey's 
poetry.     The 

'  Easy  sighs,  sufh  as  men  draw  in  love.' 
are  not  like  the  deep  sorrows  of  Petraroh  or  the  fiery  transports  of 
the  Castilians." — Hallani's  Lit.  Hist,  of  Europe,  ed.'lS54.  i.  426. 

The  passion,  if  sueh  we  are  to  call  it,  for  "  Tbe  Fair  Ge- 
raldine"  commenced  in  1641,  or  six  years  after  his  marriage 
to  Lady  Frances  Vere.  Geraldinc,  the  daughter  of  Gerald 
Fitzgerald,  Earl  of  Kildare,  (most  probably  the  Lady  Eliza- 
beth,) w:is  born  in  1528.  She  became  tbe  third  wife  of 
Edward  Clinton,  Earl  of  Lincoln.  Those  who  desire  to 
enter  more  deeply  into  this  subject  and  the  details  of  our 
noble  author's  life,  and  the  characteristics  of  his  poetry, 
will  find  ample  materials  for  their  investigations  in  the 
authorities  cited  iu  the  course  of  this  article.  1.  Tbe  Songes 
and  Sonnettes  of  Henry,  Earle  of  Surrey,  and  others,  (Sir 
Thomas  Wyatt,  Ac.,)  were  printed  (1st  edit.)  by  R.  Tottel, 
Lon.,  1667.  I6mo,  and  sm.  4to.  Other  edits.  2.  Songs  and 
Sonnets,  16G6,  Himo.  3.  Sungs  and  Sonnettes,  1567.  Con- 
sidered the  most  correct  of  tho  early  edits.  4.  15H9.  5, 
1674.  6.  Songes  and  Sonets,  by  Surrey  and  others,  1585, 
16mo.  7.  Poems,  1587,  IGmo.  8.  Poems  of  Surrey,  Wiat, 
and  others,  with  Memoirs  of  his  Life  and  Writings,  1717, 
8vo.  Dr.  Sewell,  the  editor  and  biographer,  did  not  under- 
stand the  language  of  his  author,  and  has  therefore  been 
led  into  numerous  errors.  This  edit,  is  therefore  of  iio 
value  save  as  a  warning  to  incompetent  editors. 

"One  of  the  most  slovenly  nnd  defective  works  that  has  ap- 
peared."—I'are:   Wartoii's  Hid.  of  Eiig.  Podry,  ed.  1S40,  iii.  29. 

9.  Songes  and  Sonettes.  1717,  Svo.  Incomplete  ;  ending 
with  the  Poems  of  Sir  Thos.  Wyatt.  10.  Puems,  1807,  2 
vols.  Svo.  Edited  by  Bishop  Percy  and  George  Stcevens. 
Nearly  all  destroyed  by  the  tire  at  Nichols's  printing-office. 
11.  The  Works  of  Henry  Howard,  Earl  of  Surrey,  and  those 
of  Sir  Thomas  Wyatt  the  Elder,  edited  by  Geo.  Fred.  Nott, 
D.D.,  with  a  Preface,  Memoirs  of  the  Earl  of  Surrey,  a 
Dissert,  on  the  State  of  Eng.  Poetry  before  the  16th  Cent.; 
Collation  of  Surrey's  and  Douglas's  Translations  of  the 
^neid,  and  Notes,  with  Memoirs  of  the  Earl  of  North- 
ampton, an  Appendix,  a  General  Index,  and  Glossary, 
1815-16,  2  vols.  4to,  £7  7«.  A  review  of  this  valuable  edit. 
will  be  found  in  Edin.  Rev.,  xxvii.  390-422;  and  see  HaU 
lam's  Lit.  Hist,  of  Europe,  ed.  1S54,  i.  424-429.  12,  Poems 
of  Surrey  and  Wyatt,  with  Original  Memoirs  by  Sir  N. 
Harris  Nicolas,  1831,  2  vols.  cr.  8vo.  The  same  in  2  vols, 
fp.  8vo  form  vols.  x.  and  xi.  of  Pickering's  Aldine  ed.  of 
the  British  Poets.  13.  Surrey's  Poems,  with  those  of  Minor 
Contemporaries,  1854,  12mo.  Some  of  Surrey's  Poems, 
omitted  by  Tottel,  will  bo  found  at  the  end  of  Harrington's 
Nugas  Antiquaj.  His  Poems  have  been  reprinted  in  John- 
sons  and  Chalmers's  English  Poets.  14.  The  Fourth  Boke 
of  Virgin,  intreeting  of  the  Love  betwene  ^ncas  and  Dido ; 
translated  into  English  and  drawn  into  a  straunge  Metre 
by  Henry,  Earle  of  Surrey,  sine  anno,  4to.  With  the  Se- 
cond Book,  1557,  sm.  8vo.  A  copy  is  in  the  Dulwich  Col- 
lege Library,  one  in  the  Library  uf  Wadham  College.  Ox:- 
ford,  and  another  in  the  British  Museum.  Reprinted  by 
Baron  Holland,  for  tho  Roxburghe  Club,  1814,  4to.  The 
"straunge  metre"  is  nothing  else  than  blank  verse. 

"This  is  the  first  composition  in  blank  verse  extant  in  the  Eng- 
lish laui^uage.  Nor  has  it  merely  the  relative  and  accidental  merit 
of  being  a  curiosity.  It  is  executed  with  great  fidelity,  yet  not 
with  a  prosaic  servility.    The  diction  is  often  poetical,  and  the 


now 


now 


Tersification  Tari<?d  with  proper  pausi^s.  ...  It  spems  prohahlc  thnt 
bis  active  situations  of  life  prevented  him  from  completint;  a  de- 
sign of  translatintj  the  whole  jEneid." — Warton''sHist.f^Eng. 
Poetry,  ed.  1S40,  iii.  36. 

"Surrey  is  the  first  who  introduced  blank  verse  into  our  Eng- 
lish poetry.  .  .  .  The  translation  by  Surrey  of  the  .'Jecond  book  of 
the  J£n^\A,  in  blank  verse,  is  among  the  chief  of  bis  productions. 
No  one  had,  before  his  time,  known  how  to  translate  or  imitate 
with  appropriate  expression.  But  the  structure  of  his  verse  is  not 
very  harmonious,  and  the  sense  is  rarely  carried  beyond  the  line. 
If  we  could  rely  on  a  theory  advant-ed  and  ably  supported  by  his 
editor.  [Dr.  Nott.]  Surrey  deserves  the  still  more  conspicuous  praise 
of  having  brought  about  a  great  revolution  in  our  poetical  num- 
bers."— Hallam's  Lit.  Hist,  of  Europe,  ed.  1854.  i.  427,  Q.  v. 

And  see  our  life  of  Nicholas  Grimbold,  in  this  Dic- 
tionary, p.  743  ;  and  authoriiies  cited  in  the  course  of  this 
article.  To  refer  to  these  authorities  is  the  more  necessary 
from  the  fact  that  our  narrow  limits  warn  us  that  tve  must 
not  linger  on  so  tempting  a  theme.  But  a  few  lines  of 
quotation  of  opinions  re.-^pecting  the  illustrious  subject  of 
our  notice  we  are  not  willing  to  dispense  with. 

We  should  not  omit  to  record  the  fact  that  Surrey's 
translations  of  some  of  the  Psalms  and  of  Ecclesiastes  into 
English  verse,  and  a  few  additional  original  pooms,  were 
printed  by  Dr.  Percy,  but  destroyed  in  the  fire  at  Nichols's 
office,  Feb.  1S08.  Surrey  was  the  author  of  many  other 
English  poetical  compositions,  never  pub,,  several  of  which 
are  now  lost. 

"John  Clerc  has  mentioned,  with  the  highest  commendations, 
many  translations  done  by  Surrey  fiom  the  Latin.  Italian.  French, 
and  Spanish  languages.  But  these,  it  is  probable,  were  nothing 
more  than  juvenile  exercises."  See  Warton's  Hist,  of  Dng.  Poetry, 
ed. 1840. 

"  We  now  emerge  from  the  twilight  of  learning  to  an  almost 
classic  author,  that  ornament  of  a  boisterous  yet  not  unpolished 
court,  the  Earl  of  Surrey,  celebrated  by  Drayton.  Uryden,  Fenton. 
and  Pope,  illustrated  by  his  own  muse,  aud  lamented  for  his  un- 
happy and  unmerited  death;  'a  man,'  as  Sir  Walter  Raleigh  says, 
*  no  less  valimt  than  learned,  aud  of  excellent  hopes.'  " — Hobace 
Walpole:  Turk's  ed.,  1806,  i.  255. 

To  the  eulogists  of  Surrey.  Park  adds  the  names  of  Le- 
land,  Ascham,  Tuberville,  Churchyard,  Sir  Philip  Sidney, 
Wcbbe,  Puttenham,  Meres,  Harvey,  Whitney,  Drayton, 
Bolton,  Peacham,  Dryden,  Lodge,  Brydges,  Ellis,  Ander- 
son, Warton,  and  Henry.  The  list  could  be  enlarged  if  it 
were  requisite. 

"  The  character  of  Henry,  Earl  of  Surrey,  reflects  splendour  even 
upon  the  name  of  Howard.  ...  He  revived,  in  an  age  too  rude  to 
enjoy  fully  those  beaulies  which  mere  natuie  could  not  but  in 
some  degree  relish,  the  force  of  expression,  the  polished  style,  and 
the  passionate  sentiments,  of  the  best  poets  of  antiquity."— Lodge: 
Btog.  Accaunts  of  the  HoWem  I'nrtrnits. 

"•  Surrey,  for  his  justness  of  thought,  correctness  of  style,  and 
purity  of  expression,  may  justly  be  pronounced  the  tirst  English 
classical  poet.  He  unquestionably  is  the  first  polite  writer  of  love- 
verses  in  our  language.  It  must,  however,  be  allowed  that  there 
is  a  striking  native  beauty  in  some  of  our  love-verses  written  much 
earlier  than  Surrey's.  But  in  the  most  savage  age  and  countries 
rude  nature  has  taught  elegance  to  the  lover.  .  .  .  Surrey's  talents, 
which  are  commonly  supposed  to  have  been  confined  to' sentiment 
and  amorous  lamentation,  were  adapted  to  descriptive  poetry  and 
the  representations  of  rural  imagery.  .  .  .  Surrey  is  said,  by  the  in- 
genious author  [editor]  of  the  Muses'  Library,  to  have  been  the 
first  who  broke  through  the  fashion  of  stanzas  and  wrote  in  the 
heroic  couplet.  But  all  Suney's  poems  are  in  the  alternate  rhyme: 
nor,  had  this  been  tjue,  is  the  other  po.'-ition  to  be  granted.  Chau- 
cer's Prologues  and  must  of  the  Canterbury  Tales  are  written  in 
long  verse:  nor  was  the  use  of  the  couplet  resumed  till  late  in  the 
reign  of  Elizabeth.  ...  In  the  sonnets  of  Surrey  we  are  surpiised 
to  find  nothing  of  that  metaphysical  castwhich  marks  the  Italian 
poets,  his  supposed  masters,  e'specially  Petrarch.  Surrey's  senti- 
ments are  for  the  most  part  natural  aud  unaffected:  arising  from 
his  own  feelings,  and  dictated  by  the  present  circumstances.  His 
poetry  is  alike  uuembairassed  by  learned  allusions  or  elaborate  con- 
ceits. If  our  author  copies  Petrarch,  it  is  Petrarch's  better  man- 
ner: when  he  descends  from  his  Platonic  abstractions,  his  refine- 
ments of  passion,  his  exaggerated  compliments,  and  his  play  upon 
opposite  sentiments,  into  a  track  of  tenderness,  .simplicity,  and 
nature.  Petrarch  would  have  been  a  better  poet  had  he  been  a 
worse  scholar.  Our  author's  mind  was  not  too  much  overlaid  by 
learning.''— W'uj-((»)'s  Hist,  of  Eng.  Poetry,  ed.  1S40,  iii.  29,  30,  35, 
4-1. 

Dr.  Nott's  comparison  between  Wyatt  and  Surrey,  in  the 
Dissertation  prefixed  to  the  2d  vol.  of  his  ed.  of  Wyatt  and 
Surrey,  [vide  ante,)  is  well  worth  perusal,  hut  the  work  of 
which  it  forms  a  portion  can  rarely  be  had.  The  reader, 
however,  will  find  an  extract  from  this  Dissertation  in 
Hallam's  Lit.  Hist,  of  Europe,  ed.  1S54,  i.  425-426.  The 
last-named  eminent  authority  remarks  of  Surrey: 

"The  taste  of  this  accomplished  man  is  more  striking  than  his 
poetical  genius.  He  did  much  for  his  own  country  aud  his  native 
language.  The  versification  of  Surrey  dillers  very  considerably 
from  that  of  his  predecessors.  lie  introduced,  as  Dr.  Nott  says,  a 
sort  of  involution  into  his  style,  which  gives  an  air  of  dignity 
and  remoteness  from  common  life.  It  was,  in  fact,  borrowed  fiom 
the  license  of  Italian  poetry,  which  our  own  idiom  has  rejected 
lie  avoids  pedantic  words  forcibly  obtruded  from  the  Latin,  of 
which  our  earlier  poets,  both  English  and  Scots,  had  been  ridicu- 
lously fond.     The  absurd  epithets  of  Uoccleve,  Lydgate,  Dunbar 


:icd  Douglas,  are  applied  equally  to  the  most  difTerent  things,  so 
as  to  show  that  they  annexed  no  meaning  to  them.  Surrey  rarely 
lays  an  unnatural  stress  on  final  syllables,  merely  as  such,  whit-h 
they  would  not  receive  in  ordinary  pronunciation ;  another  usual 
trick  of  the  school  of  Chaucer.  His  words  are  well  chosen  and 
well  arranged." — ULi  supra,  i.  42l;-427. 

The  influence  of  Surrey  and  Wyatt's  poetry  upon  the 
taste  of  his  age  was  by  no  means  so  e.xtentive  as  we  might 
reasonably  imagine  it  would  have  been  : 

"The  graces  of  the  Italian  muse,  which  had  been  taught  by 
Surrey  and  Wyatt,  were  confined  to  a  few.  .  .  ,  Although  Lord 
Surrey  and  some  others  had  so  far  deviated  from  the  dulness  of 
the  times  as  to  copy  the  Italian  poets,  the  .same  taste  does  not 
seem  to  have  uniformly  influenced  all  the  nobility  of  the  court 
of  King  Henry  the  Eighth  who  were  fond  of  writing  verses." — 
Warlon's  HC^t.  nf  Eng.  P<„try.  ed.  1R40,  iii.  72;  &3-84,  q.  v.,  with 
the  authors  referred  to  in  the  text  and  notes. 

See  also,  in  addition  to  the  authorities  cited  above, 
Bliss's  Wood's  Athen.  Oxon.  i.  154-1 01;  Dibdin's  Lib. 
Comp.,  ed.  1S25,  (>89-fi92  ;  Campbell's  Specimens  of  the 
British  Poets;  Headlcy's  Select  Beauties  of  the  Ancient 
Kng.  Poets,  1810,  i.  Iv. ;  Drake's  Shakspeare  and  his 
Times;  Johnson's  and  Chalmers's  Eng.  Poets;  Chalmers's 
Biog.  Diet.;  Edin.  Rev.,  xlii.  49;  Lon.  Month.  Rev., 
lx.\.\iii.  4:^,  102;  Dubl.  Univ.  Mag.,  xvi.  573-589;  Lon. 
Gent.  Mag.,  January,  17o9. 

Howard,  Henry,  Earl  of  Northampton,  1539?-1614, 
second  son  of  the  preceding,  was  most  unworthy  of  his 
illustrious  parentage  ;  in  jiroof  of  which  it  is  enough  to 
mention  his  complicity  with  the  inlammis  match  of  his 
great-niece,  the  Countess  of  Essex,  with  Carr,  Viscount 
Rochester,  and  his  share  in  the  murder  of  Sir  Thomas 
Overbury.  He  was  educated  at  King's  College  and  at 
Trinity  Hall,  Cambridge,  where,  says  Bishop  Godwin,  he 
was  esteemed  *' the  learnedest  amongst  the  nobility,  and 
the  most  noble  amongst  the  learned."  Of  his  *'  learning" 
there  seems  to  be  but  little  doubt:  his  "nobility,"  how- 
ever, cannot  be  so  readily  allowed.  He  left  in  MS.,  An 
Apology  for  the  Government  of  Woman,  Forms  of  Prayer, 
<fec.,and  pub.  the  following  verj- curious  work: — ADefensa- 
tivo  against  the  Poyson  of  supposed  Prophecies,  Lon., 
15S3.  4to;  1620,  fol.  Of  this  vol.,  dedicated  to  Sir  Francis 
Wnlsingham,  which  principally  relates  to  expositions  of 
Judicial  Astrology,  Dreams,  Oracles,  Conferences  with 
Familiars  or  Damned  Spirits,  «fcc.,  a  copious  analysis 
will  be  found  in  Oldys's  British  Librarian,  331-343.  See 
also  Censura  Literaria;  Park's  Walpole's  R.  and  N.  Au- 
thors ;  Lloyd's  Worthies. 

Howard,  Henry.     Cookery,  Lon.,  1710,  *26,  8vo. 

Howard,  Henry.     Dirge,  <tc.,  Lon.,  1762,  4to. 

Howard,  Henry,  1757-1842,  a  descendant  of  Henry 
Howard,  the  illustrious  Earl  of  Surrey,  [vide  aute,)  was  a 
son  of  Philip  Howard,  of  Corby  Castle,  {cide  post.)  He 
assisted  in  the  preparation  of  several  valuable  works,  and 
pub.  himself — 1.  Antiquarian  papers  in  Archa?ol.,  1800, 
'03;  2.  A  Drill  of  Light  Infantry,  Ac,  1805,  Svo;  3.  Er- 
roneous Opinions  commonly  entertained  respecting  the 
Catholic  Religion,  1826;  several  edits.;  4.  Indication  of 
Memorials,  &c.  of  the  Howard  Family,  1834,  fol.  Re- 
specting the  last-named  work,  see  Martin's  Bibl.  Cat.  of 
Privately-Printed  Books,  ed.  1854,  p.  449.  A  biogra- 
phical notice  of  Mr.  Howard,  and  an  account  of  his 
literary  labours,  will  be  found  in  Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  April, 
1842. 

Howard,  Henry,  a  distinguished  artist  of  tho  Royal 
Academy.  Lects.  on  Painting,  delivered  at  the  Royal 
Academy,  with  a  Memoir,  by  his  son,  Frank  Howard, 
Lon.,  1848,  p.  Svo.  See  Black w.  Mag.,  xiv.  10;  xli.  193; 
xlii.  33S;  xlvi.  305,  315;  xlviii.  378. 

Howard,  Hon.  Henry  E.  J.,  D.D.,  Dean  of  Lich- 
field. 1.  Old  Tost.  History.  Lon.,  1840.  12mo;  2d  ed., 
1S51,  12mo.  2.  New  Test."  History,  1841,  12mo.  These 
works  are  composed  of  Familiar  Lectures.  3.  The  Book  of 
Genesis,  according  to  the  version  of  tho  LXX.  Trans, 
into  English,  with  Notices  of  its  Omissions  and  Insertions, 
and  with  Notes  on  the  Passages  in  which  it  differs  from 
our  Authorized  Version,  Cambridge,  1856,  cr.  Svo. 

"  We  recommend  to  all  who  would  enter  succes.sfully  on  the 
cultivation  of  the  Sacred  Literature  of  the  Old  Testament,  to 
begin  ■\\ith  this  volume,  and  they  will  find  their  knowledge  of 
l»oth  the  Hebrew  and  Greek  Scripture  gieatly  increased  as  they 
follow  the  guide  thus  prepared  for  them." — Lo7i.  Journal  if 
Sacred  Litcrulurc. 

Howard,  J.  B.  Ways  and  Means;  or,  Every  Man 
his  own  Financier.  1812,  Svo. 

Howard,  J.  H.  1.  Laws  of  tho  Brit.  Colonies,  Ac 
rel.  to  Real  and  Personal  Property,  &c.,  Lon.,  1S27,  2  vol.*. 
Svo.  2.  Duties  of  Solicitors  in  Sales  by  Auction,  «tc., 
1827,  Svo. 

Howard,  Jacob  M.     Trans,  from  the  French  of 


HOW 

Mile.  M.  A.  Le  Nomiond's  Historical  and  Secret  Memoirs 
of  the  Empress  Josotihine,  Pbila.,  2  vols.  12mo. 

Howard,  Hon.  James,  youngest  son  of  Thomns, 
E.irl  of  Eerkshire,  and  brother  of  Sir  Kubert  Howard, 
the  author,  .and  of  Lady  Elizabeth  Howard,  wife  of  John 
Dryden.  1.  All  Mistaken,  or  The  Mad  Couple;  Com., 
Lon.,ll)72,Jto.    2.  The  English  Monsieur;  Com.,  1674,  4to. 

''  HepreSL'Hted  with  success,  aud  held  in  esteem  in  their  time." 
' — Btog.  Dramal. 

3.  Romeo  and  Juliet;  Trag.;  altered  from  Shakspeare. 
Not  printed.  See  Biug.  Dramat. ;  Downes's  Roscius 
Anglicanus.  p.  22. 

Howard,  John,  Keetor  of  Marston  Trussel,  North- 
ampton. Ac.  pull,  a  number  of  scrms.,  1(193-1728. 

Howard,  John,  172f)-17illl,  the  eminent  philanthro- 
pist, whose  name  will  in  all  ages  be  held  in  reverent 
esteem,  was  a  native  of  H.ackney.  London,  the  son  of  a 
wealthy  tradesman,  and  the  inheritor  of  a  largo  fortune. 
In  1777  he  visited  every  prison  in  the  United  Kingdom, 
and  pub.  the  results  of  his  investigations  in  the  same 
year,  in  a  vol.  entitled  The  State  of  the  Prisons  in  Eng- 
land and  Wales,  4c.,  Warrington,  4to.  Appendi.x,  1780, 
410 ;  2d  ed.  of  the  whole,  17S0,  8vo;  .3d  ed.,  1784,  4to ; 
4th  ed.,  178fi,  4to;  Lon.,  1792.  4to.  In  1780  he  pub.  a 
trans,  of  a  French  Account  of  the  Bastile;  and  in  1789 
the  Duke  of  Tuscany's  New  Code  of  Civil  Law,  with  an 
English  trans.  The  deplorable  condition  of  the  prisons 
at  home  excited  a  determination  to  visit  those  of  foreign 
countries,  with  the  hope  of  benefit  to  the  miserable  in- 
mates;  and  faithfully  did  this  good  man  carry  out  his 
praiseworthy  enterprise.  A  detail  of  his  labours  does 
not,  of  course,  enter  into  the  plan  of  a  work  of  this  cha- 
racter; but  it  is  only  proper  that  we  should  direct  the 
reader  to  the  best  sources  of  information  respecting  a 
philanthropist  whose  praise  was  in  every  one's  mouth, 
from  the  rough  benediction  of  the  illiterate  convict  to  the 
splendid  eulogy  of  the  greatest  orator  of  modern  Europe. 
Ho  died  at  Kherson,  South  Russia,  January  20,  1790,  of 
a  malignant  fever,  caught  during  a  visit  to  a  young  lady 
for  whom  the  benefit  of  his  counsel  had  been  invoked. 
He  was  buried  with  distinguished  honours  by  the  Russian 
authorities,  and  his  death  excited  a  profound  sensation 
throughout  the  civiliied  world.  A  monumental  statue  to 
his  memory,  by  Bacon,  was  erected  in  St.  Paul's  Cathedral. 
Howard  pub.  in  1789,  4to,  (2d  ed.,  1791,410,)  An  Account 
of  the  principal  Lazarettos  in  Europe,  with  various  Papers 
relative  to  the  Plague,  Ac;  and  contributed  a  paper  on 
the  Heat  of  the  Waters  at  Bath  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1707,  and 
another  on  the  Heat  of  the  Ground  on  Mt.  Vesuvius,  to 
Phil.  Trans.,  1771.  See  A  View  of  the  Character,  ic.  of 
Howard,  by  John  Aikin,  M.D.,  1792,  8vo ;  Howard  and 
the  Prison-World  of  Europe,  by  Wni.  Hepworth  Dixon, 

1849,  12mo;  6th  ed.,  1854,  fp.  8vo ;  Memoirs  of  Howard, 
by  Thos.  Taylor,  2d  ed.,  12mo;  Memoirs  of  Howard,  by 
J.  B.  Brown,  1845,  8vo ;   Life  of  Howard,  by  John  Field, 

1850,  8vo;  Correspondence  of  Howard,  by  the  same, 
1856,  fp.  8vo;  Howard  and  Napoleon  Contrasted,  1840, 
12mo  ;  Foster's  Ess.ays ;  Works  of  Robert  Hall ;  Works 
of  Edmund  Burke  ;  Edin.  Month.  Rev.,  i.  95  ;  Lon.  Month. 
Rev.,  cv.  422  ;  Eclec.  Rev.,  4th  Ser.,  xxvi.  541  ;  Blackw. 
Mag.,  xxxiv.  36;  Ixvii.  50;  Bost.  Living  Age.  (i'roni  the 
Lon.  Spectator,)  xxiii.  171  ;  do.,  (from  Fraser's  Mag.,) 
XXV.  369  ;  New  Haven  Chris.  Quar.  Spec,  (by  R.  Robbins,) 
iii.  393:  Amer.  Month.  Rev.,  iv.  255;  New  Eng.  Mag.,  v. 
332.  We  need  hardly  remark,  in  conclusion,  that  the  in- 
fluence of  Christianity  was  the  great  moving-power  which 
sent  John  Howard  from  the  pleasant  home  and  lovely 
scenery  in  which  he  so  greatly  delighted  to  visit  the  cheer- 
less cells  of  the  miserable,  the  neglected,  and  the  forsaken 
of  earth.  The  barren  creed  of  infidelity  enforces  no  such 
duties,  seeks  no  such  honours,  and  submits  to  no  such 
sacrifices.  Yet  this  .Apostle  of  Humanity  understood  too 
well  the  spirit  of  the  Gospel  of  Christ  to  suppose  that 
even  his  labours — abundant  and  self-sacrificing  as  they 
were — could  do  aught  to  procure  remission  of  sin  or  pur- 
chase acceptance  with  his  Maker: 

"  My  immortal  spirit,"  says  be.  "  I  cast  on  the  sovereign  mercy 
of  God.  through  .lesus  Christ,  who  is  the  Lord,  my  strength  and 
my  song,  and,  I  trust,  has  liecome  my  salvation.  My  desire  is  to 
be  wa-ihed  aud  cleansed,  and  justitied.  in  the  blood  of  Christ,  and 
to  dedicate  myself  to  that  Saviour  who  has  bought  us  with  a 
pric( 


We  have  had  occasion  to  record  in  this  volume  memo- 
rials of  many  of  the  mighty,  many  of  the  noble,  of  the 
illnstrious  name  of  Howard  ;  but  this  one  "  excelleth  them 

all." 

Howard,  John.     Medical  treatises,  Lon.,  1782-1811. 
Howard,  John.     Geometry,  Lon.,  1798,  8vo. 


now 

Howard,  John  Jarrard,  surgeon.  Ovid's  Meta- 
miirplioscs.  trans,  into  Blank  Verse,  ton.,  1807,  2  vols. 

Howard,  John  Owen.  Clara;  a  Poem,  Dubl., 
1810. 

Howard,  John  Walter.  The  Alarm  Sounded;  or, 
An  Alarm  to  the  Protestants  of  G.  Britain,  1812,  8vo. 

Howard,  Leonard,  D.D.,  Rector  of  St.  George's, 
Southwark,  London,  d.  1767,  pub.  a  number  of  Scrms., 
1736-61,  and  A  Collection  of  Letters  and  State  Papers, 
Lon.,  1753-50,  2  vols.  4to. 

'•  Notwithstanding  the  trash  which  fills  a  large  portion  of  its 
pages,  several  articles  of  a  redeeming  character  u-ill  he  found; 
and  a  few  of  them  do  not  yield  in  interest  to  many  which  occur 
in  far  more  popular  Collections."— ion.  Rctnsp.  Hev.,  N.  S.,  1- 
16.  1S27. 

Howard,  Luke,  pub.  an  Essay  on  Clouds,  Lon., 
1802,  8vo,  and  other  works  on  Meteorology,  Ac,  1842, 

(fee 

Howard,  Nathan,  Jr.,  b.  1808,  in  Stcphentown.N. 
York.  1.  N.  York  Supreme  Ct.  Spec.  Term  Reports,  Al- 
bany, 1845-55,  10  vols.  8vo.  Issued  in  monthly  nos.  of 
96  pp.  each  ;  6  nos.  comprising  a  vol.  2.  Cases  of  Points, 
ic.  in  the  Ct.  of  Appeals  of  N.  Y'ork,  vol.  i.,  1855,  8vo. 

Howard,  Nathaniel.  1.  Bickleigh  V.ale ;  with  other 
Poems,  1804,  Svo.  2.  Trans,  of  the  Inferno  of  Danto 
into  Eng.  Blank  Verse,  1807,  12mo.  3.  Eng.  aud  Greek 
Vocabulary  for  the  Young,  1808,  12mo.  Since  reprinted. 
Other  Greek  and  Latin  educational  works. 

Howard,  PhiHp,  of  Corliy  Castle,  d.  1.810,  a  de- 
scendant of  the  illustrious  Henry  Howard,  Earl  of  Sur- 
rey, was  the  father  of  Henry  Howard,  author  of  The 
Memorials,  Ac  of  the  Howard  Family,  (vide  ante.)  The 
Scriptural  Hist,  of  the  Earth  and  of  Mankiud,  Ac,  Lon., 
1797,  4to.  See  Lowndes's  Brit.  Lib.,  722;  Lon.  Gent 
Mag.,  April.  1S42. 

Howard,  Sir  Robert,  M.P.,  1626-1698,  a  younger 
son  of  Thomas,  Earl  i^f  Berkshire,  and  brother  of  Edward 
Howard  and  James  Howard,  (a/i(f.)  educated  at  Magda- 
lene College,  Cambridge,  was  a  w.arm  adherent  of  Charles 
I.,  and  at  the  Restoration  was  rewarded  for  his  services 
by  being  knighted  and  made  Auditor  of  the  Exchequer. 
He  was  so  noted  for  bis  dogmatism  that  Shadwell,  the 
poet,  ridiculed  him,  in  his  comedy  of  The  Sullen  Levers, 
under  the  ch.aracter  of  Sir  Positive  At-all.  As  an  author 
he  is  not  entitled  to  much  consideration.  1.  The  Fourth 
Book  of  Virgil,  trans..  1660,  8vo.  2.  Poems,  1660,  Svo. 
Bibl.  Anglo-Poet.,  374.  £1  lOs.  3.  Statius's  Achilles, 
trans.,  1660,  Svo.  4.  Four  New  Playes,  1665,  fol.  5.  The 
Great  Favourite,  or  The  Duke  of  Lerma;  Trag.,  1668, 
4to.  6.  The  Duels  of  the  Stags  :  a  Poem,  1668.  7.  Hist. 
Observ.  upon  the  Reigns  of  Edward  I.,  II.,  III.,  and 
Richard  IL,  Ac,  1689,  12mo.  8.  Hist,  of  the  Reigns  of 
Edward  and  Richard  II.,  1690,  Svo.  9.  Letter  to  Mr. 
Saml.  Johnson,  1692.  Svo.  10.  Five  New  Plays,  1692, 
fol.  11.  Hist,  of  Religion.  1691,  1709.  Svo.  12.  Poems 
and  Plays.  13.  Dramatic  AVorks.  1722,  12mo.  Sir  R.djert's 
most  popular  plays  were  The  Indian  Queen,  1665,  fol., 
and  The  Committee.  1665,  fol.  See  the  list  of  his  seven 
plays  in  Biog.  Dramat.  Sir  Ridjert  ventured  to  criticize 
some  positions  respecting  rhyme  in  his  brother-in-law 
John  Dryden's  Essay  on  Dramatic  Poesy.  To  these 
observations  the  latter  replied  in  a  tone  of  much  acri- 
mony. See  Hallam's  Lit.  Hist,  of  Europe,  ed.  1854, 
iii.  556. 

''  The  poetry  of  the  Berkshire  Howards  was  the  jest  of  three 
generations  of  satirists.  The  mirth  began  with  the  first  repre- 
sentation of  The  Rehearsal,  and  continued  down  to  the  last  edi- 
tion of  the  Dunciad."— r.  J5.  Macauhiy's  Hist,  of  Enrj.,  vol.  iii., 
1856. 

See  How.^RD.  Hon.  Epward,  in  this  Dictionary.  See 
also  Gibber's  Lives;  Nichols's  Poems;  Ellis's  Specimens; 
Malone's  Dryden ;  Chalmers's  Biog.  Diet. ;  Darling's 
Cyc.  Bibl.,  i.  1559. 

Howard,  Robert,  d.  about  1740,  Bishop  of  Killala, 
1726,  trans,  to  Elphin,  1729.     Serm.,  Dubl.,  1738,  4to. 

Howard,  Robert,  M.D.  1.  Revelations  of  Egyptian 
Mysteries,  Lon.,  1850,  Svo.  2.  Salt  the  Forbidden  Fruit 
or  Food;  4th  ed.,  1851,  p.  Svo.  3.  Saturnian  Religion  the 
Shield  of  Health,  1851.  p.  Svo.  4.  Burning  of  the  World, 
and  the  New  Earth,  1853,  Svo. 

Howard,  Samuel,  Mus.  Doc,  d.  about  1783,  a  mu- 
sical composer,  the  author  of  many  popular  ballads, 
began  to  flourish  abcmt  1740;  and,  from  that  time  till 
Arne's  Vauxhall  songs  were  pub.  under  the  title  of  Lyric 
Harmony,  Howard's  pieces 

'•  Were  the  most  natural  and  pleasing  which  England  could 
boast."     See  Burney's  Hist,  of  Music. 

Howard,  Sarah.     Female  Education,  1783,  12mo. 
Howard,  Simeon,  D.D.,  1733-1804,  a  minister  of 


now 


now 


Boston,  Mass.,  gracluated  at  Harvard  College,  1783,  pub 
six  serins..  1773,  77,  '78,  '79,  "SO.  'SI. 

Howard,  Sylvanus,  <if  the  MicUllo  Temple.  Every 
Tradesman  his  nwn  Lawyer,  Lon.,  1794.  Svu. 

Howard,  Thomas,  Earl  of  Arundel.  1.  Journal  of 
his  Embassy  to  the  Emperor  Ferdinand  II.,  Lon.,  1637, 
4to.  2.  True  Relation  of  the  Remarkable  Places  and 
Passages  observed  in  his  Travels  when  Ambassador,  1637, 
4to.  3.  Relation  of  his  Voyage  on  his  Embassy  to  tho 
Emperor  of  Morocco,  1670,  4to. 

Howard,  V.  E.  1.  Mississippi  Law  Reports,  1834- 
44,  Phihi.,  &c.,  1S39-44,  7  vols.  Svo.  2.  In  conjunction 
with  A.  Hutchinson,  Statute  Laws  of  Mississippi,  1840.  Svo. 

Howard,  W.  \V.,  late  Pr-.f.  of  Ancient  and  Modern 
Languages  in  the  Western  Military  Institute,  Kentucky. 
Aids  to  French  Composition,  N.  York,  1854,  12mo. 

Howard,  WiHiam*  Chronicou  ex  Chrunicis,  ab 
initio  Mundi,  vsque  ad  annum  Domini  1118,  deductvm 
Anctoro  Florentio  Wigorniense.  Accessit  etiam  contluu- 
atio  vsque  ad  annum  Christi  1141,  per  quendam  eiusdem 
eoenobij  eruditum  :  nunquam  antehac  iu  lucem  editum, 
Lon.,  1592.  4tu. 

Howard,  William,  Christian  Loyalty,  Lon.,  1634, 
4to. 

Howarth,  Henry,  Rector  of  St.  George's,  Hanover 
Square,  Lcndon.  1.  Fuur  Serms.  on  the  Moral  Laws  of 
•  Moses,  Camb.,  1833,  Svo.  2.  Serms.  at  tho  Hulsean  Lect., 
1S35  and  1836,  2  vols.  12mo,  1836.  3.  Serms.  on  the 
Liturgy  as  it  is;  2d  ed.,  1S47,  fp.  Svo.  4.  Serm.  before  the 
Sons  of  the  Clergy,  1847,  Svo. 

Howe,  Charles,  1661-1745,  a  native  of  Gloucester- 
shire, of  an  ancient  family,  a  diplomatist  under  James  II. 
Devout  Meditations,  Svo.  Anon.  2d  ed.,  Edin.,  1752, 
12mo,  with  the  author's  name.  Often  reprinted.  An  ed. 
appeared  in  London  in  1S24. 

"  An  exquisite  little  work." — Bishop  Jebb. 

''The  book  of  Meditations  I  have  read,  and  more  than  once; 
and  1  shall  never  lay  it  far  out  of  my  reach :  for  a  greater  de- 
moustijilion  of  a  sound  head  and  sincere  heart  I  never  saw." — 
Br.  Edward  Toung,  the  poet,  to  Archibald  MacAulay,  Jan.  19, 
1752. 

"  'Tis  too  sure,  that  in  this  age  of  variety,  of  self-flying  engage- 
ments, there  are  not  many  to  hs  found  who  have  ;i  relish  for  .such 
sublime  and  spiritual  enjoyment  as  these  Meditation.s  are  capable 
of  iillurding."— S(>/,</p  Hildesley  to  Miss  Ithelh,  13  Dec.  1754. 

See  Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  vol.  l,xiv.  Pt.  2,  595,  700;  But- 
ler's Life  of  Bp.  Hildesley,  363. 

HoAve,  Elias,  Jr.,  of  Boston,  has  pub.  about  twenty 
popular  musical  educational  works. 

Howe,  Fisher,  b.  1798,  at  Rochester,  New  Hamp- 
shire. Oriental  and  Sacred  Scenes;  from  Notes  of  Travel 
in  Greece,  Turkey,  and  Palestine,  N.  York,  1854,  12mo,  pp. 
408,  with  Maps  and  Col'd  Engravings,  Lon..  1854,  fp.  Svo. 

Howe,  H.  D.  Clara  Evesham;  or,  The  Life  of  a 
Sch<Md-(iirl.  Lun..  1S50,  ISmo. 

Howe,  l>r,  H.     The  Old  Missionary-Box,  Lon.,  1855. 

Howe,  Henry,  b.  1816,  at  New  Haven,  Conn.,  son 
of  Hczekiah  Howe,  a  well-known  publisher.  1.  Memoir 
of  Eminent  Mechanics,  N.  York,  1839.  12mo.  2.  In  con- 
junction with  John  AV.  Barber,  of  New  Haven,  Historical 
Collections  of  New  York,  N.  Haven,  1811,  Svo.  3.  Also 
in  conjunction  with  J.  W.  B.,  Hist.  Collec.  of  N.  Jersey, 
1844,  Svo.  4.  Hist.  Cullec.  of  Virginia,  Charleston,  1844, 
Svo;  1856,  Svo.  5.  Hist.  CoUec.  of  Ohio,  1847,  Svo; 
1849,  Svo.  6.  The  Great  West,  1851.  7.  Travels  and 
Adventures  of  Celebrated  TraveIlers,lS53. 

Howe,  James.     Leasing  Lands,  Lon.,  1813,  Svo. 

Howe,  John,  1630-1705.  an  eminent  Non-conformist 
divine,  son  of  the  minister  of  Loughborough,  Leicester- 
shire, was  educated  at  Christ  Coll.,  Cambridge,  became 
Fellow  of  Magdalene  Coll.,  Oxf.,  subsequently  minister 
of  Great  Torrington,  Devnn.^hire,  and  domestic  chaplain 
to  Oliver  Cromwell,  and  afterwards  to  Richard  Cromwell; 
ejected  for  Non-cunformity,  1662;  chaplain  to  Lord  Mas- 
sarene,  in  Ireland,  where  lie  was  permitted  to  preach, 
1671  to  1675;  chosen  minister  of  the  late  Dr.  Lazarus 
Seaman's  congregation  in  Loudon,  1675;  visited  the  Con- 
tinent with  Lord  Wharton  in  1685;  returned  to  London 
in  16S7;  and  continued  to  labour  among  his  old  con- 
gregation until  his  death,  which  occurred  April  2,  1705. 
He  was  a  man  of  profound  learning,  eminent  piety,  and 
unwearied  zeal.  He  was  the  author  of  many  sermons  and  i 
theological  treatises,  which  have  always  been  held  in  tho  \ 
highest  estimation.  A  collective  edit,  of  the  worU.s  which 
he  pub.  in  his  lifetime,  accompanied  by  a  Life  of  the 
author  by  Dr.  Edmuud  Calamy,  appeared  in  1724,  2  vols  i 
fob;  repub.  in  1S48,  3  vols.  Svo,  £1  7s.,  edited  by  Rev!' 
J.  P.  Hewlett.     Two  vols,  of  Serms.  were  pub.  in  1744,  , 


2  vols.  Svo.  Howe's  Whole  Works,  edited  by  Rev.  John 
HuCt,  of  Chichester,  were  pub.  in  1810-22,  8  vols.  r.  Svo. 
This  ed.  contains — I.  vols,  i.-iv.,  the  contents  of  the  2  ful. 
vols,  of  1724;  II.  vols,  v.-vi.,  his  Posthumous  Works, 
being  78  Serms.  and  a  portion  of  Pt.  1  of  the  Principles 
of  the  Oracles  of  God;  III.  vols,  vii.-viii.,  new  matter 
never  before  pub.  This  ed.  was  pub.  at  £3  38. ;  large 
paper,  r.  Svo,  £4  4s.  Contents,  with  the  Life  by  Calamy, 
repub.,  1832,  imp.  Svo,  pp.  1278,  £2  2». ;  again  in  1838, 
imp.  Svo,  £1  10s.  A  new  ed.,  to  be  comprised  in  9  vols. 
Svo,  has  been  recently  (in  May,  1856)  announced  as  in 
preparation  by  Messrs.  Johnstone  and  Hunter,  of  Edin- 
burgh. There  have  also  been  new  edits,  of  separate  trea- 
tises of  this  author,  edited  by  Noel  Gordon,  &c. ;  a  Selec- 
tion from  his  Works  and  Sketch  of  his  Life,  by  Rev.  W. 
"Wilson,  D.D.,  1827,  2  vols.  18mo;  Select  Treatises,  with 
a  Memoir  by  Thos.  Taylor,  1835,  12mo;  a  selection  en- 
titled Christian  Theology,  by  John  Howe,  selected  and 
systematically  arranged,  with  a  Life,  by  Samuel  Dunn, 
1836,  12mo;  and  a  Life  and  Character  of  Howe,  by  H. 
Rogers.  Howe's  best-known  works  are  The  Living  Tem- 
ple ;  The  Blessedness  of  the  Righteous;  Of  Delighting 
in  God;  The  Redeemer's  Tears;  Enmity  and  Reconcilia- 
tion ;  The  Redeemer's  Dominion  over  the  Invisible 
World;  The  Office  and  Work  of  the  Holy  Spirit;  God's 
Prescience;  The  Vanity  of  this  Mortal  Life.  There  are  but 
few  theological  authors  recorded  in  our  Dictionary  whose 
writings  have  been  so  enthusiastically  commended  as 
those  of  John  Howe. 

*'  He  seems  to  have  understood  the  gospel  as  well  as  any  uniu- 
spired  writer,  and  to  have  imbibed  as  much  of  its  spiiit.  Thera 
is  the  truest  sublime  to  be  found  in  his  writings,  and  some  of  the 
strongest  pathos;  yet,  often  obscure,  genemlly  harsh,  he  has  imi- 
tated the  worst  parts  of  Boyle's  style.  Ho  has  a  vast  number 
and  variety  of  uncommon  thouf^hts,  and  is,  on  the  whole,  one  of 
the  most  valuable  writers  iu  our  language,  or,  I  believe,  iu  the 
world." — Dr.  Doi-dridce. 

"  Possessed  of  the  learning  of  Cudworfh,  the  evang;eliral  piety 
of  Owen,  and  the  fervour  of  Baxter,  with  a  mind  of  larger  dimen- 
sions than  what  belonged  to  any  of  these  distinguished  indi- 
viduals, every  thing  which  fell  from  his  pen  is  worthy  of  immor- 
tality. He  delights  while  he  instructs,  and  impresses  while  he 
enlij^htens.  His  Living  Temple,  The  Blessedness  of  the  Righteous, 
Of  delighting  in  God.  The  Kedeemer's  Tears,  are  among  the  finest 
productions  of  uninspired  genius,  and  must  be  read  with  high 
gratitication  by  every  Christian.  His  style  is  occasionally  rugged 
and  inharmonious;  but  the  sentiment  will  richly  repay  the  tritiing 
annoyanceof  its  harsh  and  involved  structure." — Orme'sBibl.  Bib. 

"■For  depth  and  originality  of  thought,  John  Howe  has  never 
been  surpassed  by  any  theological  writer  whatever.  IHs  prin- 
ciples were  strictly  evangelical,  and  his  spirit  eminently  catholic 
and  devout.  Ilis  Liviug  Temple,  especially,  is  a  m.isterpiece  of 
piofiiuud  argumentation.  .  .  .  His  best  pien-s  are  The  Blesseduesa 
of  the  Kighteous,  Delighting  in  Ciod.  Enmity  and  Keconciliation, 
Kedeemer's  Tears,  and  Dominion,  tfome  Funeral  Sermons,  and 
part  of  his  Living  Temple,  are  most  excellent." — Dr.  E.  Wdliams's 

''  Mr.  Howe,  nervous  and  majestic,  with  all  the  powers  of  ima- 
gery at  his  command." — Jauies  Hervet. 

"  A  very  extraordinary,  original,  sublime,  and  splendid  writer, 
but  sometimes  obscure  and  heavy.  Few  writers  will  more 
strengthen  and  enlarge  the  reader's  mind;  but  be  is  deficient  in 
evangelical  stateuient  and  simplicity.''— iiicA-frs(eW('s  C.  S. 

"  Perhaps  it  may  be  considered  as  no  unfair  test  of  intellectual 
and  spiritual  excellence  that  a  person  can  relish  the  writings  of 
John  Howe:  if  he  does  not.  he  may  have  reason  to  suspeet  that 
something  in  the  head  or  heart  is  wrong.  A  young  minister  who 
wishes  to  attain  eminence  in  his  profession,  if  he  has  not  the 
works  of  John  Howe,  and  can  procure  them  in  no  other  way, 
should  sell  his  coat  and  buy  them;  and,  if  that  will  not  suflice, 
let  him  sell  his  bed  and  lie  on  the  floor;  and  if  he  spend  his  days 
in  reading  them  he  will  not  complain  that  he  lies  hard  at  nigbt. 
....  The  Blessedness  of  the  Righteous  is  a  fiist-rate  perform- 
ance, .nnd  contaius  a  vast  extent  of  thought,  of  learning,  but 
especially  of  piety.  ...  A  Treatise  of  Delighting  in  God  is  oue  of 
the  finest  pieces  of  practical  theology  to  be  found  in  the  English 
language."— Br.^»f  mid  BeunetVa  Hist,  of  DisscnUrs. 

"Oue  of  the  nmst  learned  and  polite  writers  among  the  dis- 
senters. His  reading  in  diviuity  was  very  exten*.ive:  he  was  a 
good  Orientalist,  and  understood  several  of  the  modern  languages. 
....  His  Blessedness  of  the  Righteous  was  the  most  generally- 
esteemed  of  his  performances.  lie  was  an  admired  preacher,  but 
was  sometimes  too  profound  for  ordinary  capacities.  Theie  is  an 
uncommon  depth  of  thought  in  several  of  his  works."— G'ra7?oer> 
Bwy.  Hist,  of  E»y. 

"  None  can  peruse  his  writings  without  feeling  that  his  mind 
was  habitually  filled  with  the  contemplation  of  that  peculiar  but 
truly  divine  character,  that  compreheusivene.=s  and  all-pervading 
excellence,  the  ultimafo  development  of  which,  in  those  who 
embrace  Chrisfiaiiily,  i.s  the  design  of  the  mysteries  it  reveals, 
and  of  all  the  powei  ful  niutives  by  which  it  prompts  to  action.'' 
—Jioffrrs'.f  Life  nf  Uuu:-.  *^ 

"  Nothing  in  the  language  can  equal,  as  a  whole,  Howe's  Living 
Temple;  but  his  Blessedness  of  the  Righteous  is  one  of  my 
favourite  pieces.  I  read  it  again  and  again  with  renewed  interest 
and  delight."~Wii.LiAM  Jay. 

See  Genl.  Diet. ;  Biog.  Brit. ;  Lives  of  Howe  noticed 
above;  Birch's  Tillotsun;  Wilson's  Hist,  of  Dissenting 
Churches;  Lon.  Quur.  Rev.,  (by  Robert  Southey,)  x.  113^ 


now 


115  ;  Eclec.  Rev.,  4th  Scr,  xxiv.  385 ;  N.Tork  L,t.  a"^ J^f  "• 
Kev  iv.  538;  Bust.  Cbris.  Exam.,  (Ijy  J.  Bnizor  )  NX.  1  Jl. 
The  criticLl  opinion  of  Robert  Hall  >s  always  oo 
valuable  to  be  omitted  where  it  ean  at  all  be  ^""f;^  >"• 
and,  though  want  of  room  prevents  us  from  citing  otner 
comments  before  us,  the  verdict  of  so  eminent  an  autho- 
rUy  must  not  be  denied.  It  occurs  in  the  ni«»>»;''°J_.'^ 
of  a  conver..ation  between  Mr.  Hall  and  the  Rev.  Robert 

''i!r\^.  f a^Tt-Xrw^trrf/ou  wouW  most  recommeud 

not  the  Lme  percptiSn  of  the  be.,utiful  as  of  'h«  sublime;  and 
hecM  hi^endtes  subdivisions.'  B.  'That  was  the  fault  of  his 
.™"  H  'lu  pSt,  sir;  but  he  has  more  of  it  than  many  of  the 
Alters  of  ttat  peliod!  than  Barrow,  for  example  who  was  sou,^ 
what  earlier.  I'lie.e  was.  I  think,  an  innate  inaptitude  in  Howe  s 
mind  for  discerning  minute  graces  and  1"°?*  .The  was  unques' 
sentences  are  often  Ions  and  cumbersome,  btlll,  he  was  unques 
tiouably  the  Kreatcst  of  the  Puritan  divines^ 

■  ■After  adverting  to  several  of  Howes  works  M^- "-^J'"' ,," 
reference  to  his  Blessedness  of  the  Righteous,  -Perhaps  Baxte  s 
S  lint's  Rest  is  fitted  to  make  a  deeper  impression  on  the  majority 
of  readers  Baxter  enforces  a  particular  idea  with  extraordinary 
clearness  force,  and  earnestness.  His  appeals  to  the  conscience 
a,^  irresistible.'  Howe,  again,  is  distinguished  by  cjlnine^^,  «=lf- 
pnssession.  majesty,  and  comprehensiveness;  and  for  m  "in  pa  t 
I  decidedly  prefer  him  to  Baxter.  I  admire,  exceedingly,  his  I^iv 
ing  ™mple,  his  sermon  on  the  Redeemer's  Tiars,  4c. ;  but.  in  my 
ODinion  the  best  thing  he  ever  wrote  is  his  defence  of  the  sincerity 
Sf  he  Gospel  oiler.  I  refer  to  the  treatise  called  the  Iteconcitabb^ 
ness  of  God's  Prescience  of  the  Sins  of  Men  with  [the  "ij  '>^dom  and 
Sinceritv  ofl  his  Counsels.  Eshortatinns,  and  whatever  othei 
r4hatsoeve  t  Means  he  uses  to  prevent  them.  This  I  regard  as  the 
K  profound,  the  most  philnsophical.  and  the  most  valnal,  e  of 
Si  Howe's  writings.'  "-JlaWs  Works,  ed.  Lon.,  18o3 :  *,aoir,vi.l20. 

Howe,  John,  M.P.,  d.  1721,  a  relation  of  Charles  I 
Howe   (ante.)  and  a  statesman  of  note,  was  the  author  ot 
A  I'aneirvric  on  Kin"  Willi.am,  and  of  several  songs  and 
Uttle  P-feuiJ;     He  is'introduccd  in  Swift's  ballad  On  The 
Game  of  Traffic.     See  Nichol.s's  Poems ;  CoUina's  Peerage. 
Howe,  Joseph,  a  lineal  descendant  of  the  celebrated 
Puritan  divine,  John  Howe,  editor  of  The  Nova-Scot,an, 
1828-40,  and  Secretary  of  Stat«  of  Nova  Scotia,  1848-S4. 
The  Speeches  and  Public  Letters  of  the  Hon.  Joseph  Howe; 
edited  by  William  Annand.  M.P.P.,  Bost..  1858,  2  vols.Svo. 
Howe,  Josiah,  d.  1701,  a  divine  and  poet,  Fellow  ot 
Trin.  Coll.,  Oxf.,  preached  in  1644  a  sermon  before  Charles 
I    of  which  thirty  copies  were  printed  in  red  letters.     A 
copy,  the  only  one  known,  is  in  the  liodleian   Liorayy- 
He  was  the  author  of  a  set  of  recommendatory  English 
verses  preBxed  to  the  folio  edit,  of  Beaumont  and  Fletcher ; 
of  another  before   Randolph's  Poems,  1640;   of  another 
before  Cartwright's  Comedies  and  Poems,  16d1.  _ 

"  These  nieces,"  says  Warton,  •■  which  are  in  the  witty  epigram- 
Dialic  style  that  then  prevailed,  have  uncommon  acuteness,  and 
highly  deserve  to  be  revived." 

See  Athen.  Oxon. ;  Warton's  Life  of  Sir  Thomas  Pope,  j 
(Preface;)  and  Warton's  Life  of  Bathurst,  pp.  154,  211. 

Howe,  Mrs.  Julia  Ward,  b.  1819,  a  daugliter  of  Mr. 
Samuel  Ward,  of  New  York,  married,  in  1843,  to  S.amuel  (j. 
Howe  M  D.,  a  well-known  philanthropist  of  Boston,  pub. 
in  1854  (Boston,  16mo)  a  vol.  of  poetry  entitled  Passion 
Flowers  Mrs.  Howe's  poems  have  elicited  enthusiastic 
commendation.  See  Griswold's  Female  Poets  of  Amenea; 
Duyckincks'  Cyc.  of  Amer.  Lit. ;  Read's  Female  Poets  of 
America ;  Southern  Quar.  Rev.,  July,  1S54.  This  lady  is 
a  daughter  of  the  late  Mrs.  Julia  Rush  Ward,  ol  whom  a 
notice'wiU  be  found  in  a  later  page  of  this  volume. 

2  Words  for  the  Hour.  Boston,  ISob,  16mo.  3.  Ihe 
Worid's  Own,  Boston,  1857,  16mo.  4.  Hippolytus;  a 
Tragedy,  1858.  ,  ,     „ 

Howe,  Nathaniel,  1764-1837,  pastor  of  the  Congre- 
gational Church  in  IL.pkinton,  Mass.,  pub.  some  sernis.,  Ac. 
See  an  article  (by  W.  Tudor)  in  N.  Amcr.  Rev.,  iv.  93-97. 
Howe,  Obacliah,  D.D.,  d.  1682,  Vicar  of  Boston, 
Lincolnshire.  1.  The  IJnivcrsalist  Examined  and  Criticued, 
Lon  1648,  4  to.  2.  Answer  to  J.  Good'win's  Pagm's  Debt 
and  Dowry,  1655.  3.  Serm.,  1664,  4to.  4.  A  Pattern  for 
Governours.  1735,  4to. 

Howe,  Richard,  Viscount,  1725-1  (90,  an  Enghsh 
Admiral,  second  son  of  Lord  Viscount  Howe,  pub.  A  Nar- 
rative of  the  Transactions  of  the  Fleet,  .tc.  m  1m  9.  Sir 
John  Barrow  pub.  in  1838,  8vo,  the  Life  of  RlcUARD  Eabl 
HowF  q  x.  And  see  a  review  of  this  work  by  Robert 
Southey,  in  Lon.  Quar.  Rev.,  Ixii.  1;  and  another  review 
in  Dub'l  Univ.  Mag.,  xvii.  693:  see  also  Eclec.  Rev.,  4th 
Ser    iii.  178;  Blackw.  Mag.,  xxi.  739;  xxxiv.  4. 

Howe,  Samuel.  Practice  in  Civil  Actions  and  Pro- 
ceedings in  Law  in  New  Hampshire,  Bost.,  1834,  8vo. 


now 

I      Howe,  Samuel  G.,  M.D.,  an  eminent  philanthropist 
'  of  Boston!     1.  Hi^t.  Sketch  of  the  Greek  Revolution.  N 

York  1828  8vo.     2.  Reader  for  the  Blind,  prmted  in  Raised 
1  Characters,  1839.     3.  Reports,  Essays,  &c.  on  the  educa- 

tion  of  the  Blind,  the  Idiotic,  and  on  other  subjects.     Dr. 
;  Howe  is  well  known  as  the  successful  instructor  of  Laura 

Bridgman,  the  deaf,  dumb,  and  blind  girl. 
1       Howe,  T.  H.    Lessons  on  the  Globes,  and  Key,  Lon., 

^*"  U  appLa^rsto'contein  a  great  variety  of  problems  and  illustra- 
tions and,  I  have  no  doubt,  will  prove  useful  to  the  youthful  stu- 
dent.'"—SlB  John  F.  W.  Uerschei.. 

Howe,  Thomas,  a  Dissenting  minister,  pub.  serms. 
and  theob.".  treatises.  1765-1805.  ,   ,  ,     .     , 

Howe,  Sir  William,  d.  1814,  a  brother  of  Admiral 
Howe,  (cute,)  was  the  successor  of  General  Gage  in  the 
command  of  the  British  forces  in  America.  a^"y,ng  m 
Boston,  May,  1775,  with  Burg^.yne.  He  pub.  a  N-'"at.  e 
relative  to  his  command  in  N.  America  Lon  1(80,  4to. 
See  Rich's  Bibl.  Amer.  Nova,  vol  i.,  and  works  on  this 
subject  there  noticed;  Blackw.  Mag.,  xx.  21 2-20o ,  and 
the  hist..ries  relative  to  the  American  Revolu  ion. 

Howel  the  Good,  or  Hyweldda,  a  legislator  of 
the  lOlh  century,  was  the  son  and  ^"<;«f "  °f  fi'^tel 
King  of  all  Wales.  See  the  laws  established  by  Howe  , 
founded  on  those  of  Dunwallo  Molmutius,  in  Leges  Wa  - 
UciB  EcclesiasticiB  et  Civile.-,  Hoeli  Bom  et  aliorum  W  .al- 
liic  Principum,  edit.  Wottou,  Lon.,  1/30,  tol.  ^ 

Howel,  Laurence,  d.  1720.  a  learned   Non-J-'-'^S 
divine,  educated  at  Jesus  Coll.,  Camb.,  ordained  by  the 
Non-juror,  Bishop  Hiekes,  in  1712,  was  imprisoned  in  1 ,  17 
C  writing  a  pamphlet  entitled  (1.)  The  Case  of  Schism  m 
the  Church  of  England  truly  stated,  Lon.,  171d,  8vo.  Anon. 
He  died  in  Newgate,-to  the  great  disgrace  of  his  perse- 
cutors     Howel  was  also  the  author  of  (2.)  Synopsis  Ca- 
nonum  S.S.  Apostolorum  et  Conciliorum  CEcumenicorum 
et    Provincialium    ab    Ecclesia    Grsca    Receptorum,  Ac, 
170S  fol.     Among  other  interesting  matter  in  this  volume 
will  bo  found  the  Modus  tenendi  Synodos  in  Anglia  pri- 
m<eris  temporibus.     3.  Synopsis  Canonnm  EcclesiiB,  La- 
tine,  1708,  fob;  1710,  fol.     4.  View  of  the  Pontificate  to 
1663;  2dcd.,  1712,  Svo. 
"  A  very  able  atback  on  Popery."— TFuH's  Bibl.  Brit. 
5    Dcsiderius,  or  The  Original  Pilgrim ;  a  Divine  Dia- 
logue from  the  Spanish,  1717,  Svo.     This  is  the  original 
of  Bishop  Patrick's  parable  of  the  Pilgrim,  and  of  other 
similar  works.     6.  A  Complete  Hist,  of  the  Bible,  1(25    3 
vols    Svo;  1729,  3  vols.  Svo.     Enlarged  and  improved  by 
the  Rev.  George  Burder,  1806.  3  vols.  12mo. 

%o  materiairv  currec.cd  and  improved  by  Dr.  Burder  as  almost 
to  fcirm  a  new  woik. "-//"rne  s  BM.  Bib.  ^ 

7  The  Orthodox  Communicant,  1721,  Svo.  SeeLowndesS 
Brit.  Lib.,  794-795;  Darling's  Cyc.  Bibl.,  i.  1563;  Nichols  s 
Lit.  Anec. ;  Athen.  Oxon. ;  Chalmers's  Biog.  Diet.,  and 
authorities  there  cited.  ,     „  ^  />        t  i  „f 

HoAvel,  Thomas,  M.D.,  of  the  E.  I.  Co.  Journal  of 
the  Passage  from  India,  &c.,  Lon.,  1789,  '90   Svo. 

Howell,  Mrs.  1.  Georgina;  a  Nov.,  Lon.,  179b  .i 
vols  l"mo.  2.  Auzoletta  Zadoskia;  a  Nov.,  1796,  2  vols. 
I  12mo  3  The  Spoiled  Child;  a  Nov.,  1797,  2  vols.  12mo. 
I  HoAVell,  Caroline  A.  1.  Seed-Time  and  Harvest, 
!  Lon  2.  The  Gospel  of  Other  Times,  1853,  18mo. 
I  "A  sound  and  emiuently  practical  compression  of  a  great  sub- 
I  iect  into  a  very  small  .-ompass.  Wo  can  heartily  recommend  it. 
1  ^BirlentiWs  IIVW;/  Visitor.  „.„,.,,         n       <■ 

Howell,  Elizabeth,  widow  of  Robert  Howell,  of 
Philadelphia,  and  a  native  and  resident  of  that  city,  better 
known  liy  her  maiden  name,— Miss  Lloyd,— has  gained  con- 
siderable celebrity  by  her  poem  entitled  Milton's  Prayer 
of  Patience.     These  verses,  originally  pub.  anonymously 
in  The   Friends'  Review  for  January,  1848.  were  subse- 
tiuently  pub.  as  Milton's  in  an  English  edit,  oi  his  works. 
IMiev  have  frequently  appeared  in  periodicals  under  the 
title  of  Milton  on  his  Loss  of  Sight.     It  is  hardly  neces- 
sary to  state  that  they  possess   an  uncommon  degree  of 
merit      They  will  be  found  in  T.  Buchanan  Read's  Female 
Poets  of  America.  6th  ed.,  Phila.,  1855.     Mrs.  Howell  also 
contributed  several  poems  to  The  Wheat  Sheaf,  a  collec- 
tion of  Prose  and  P..etry,  Phila.,  1852;  3d  ed.,  1857 
1      Howell,  George.     .Med.  con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1746. 
1      Howell,  James,  1594-1666,  educated  at,  and  Fellovr 
'  of  Jesus  College,  Oxford,  was  the  son  of  Thomas   Hall, 
';  minister  of  Abernant,  in   Caermarthenshire.     From  1619 
he  travelled   in    Holland,  Flanders,  Spain,  Fr.ance,  and 
Italy   as  stew.ard  to  a  glass-ware    manufactory,  and  was 
subsequently  employed  abroad   and  at  home  on  public 
business,  and  in  1640  made  Clerk  of  the  Council.     In  1643 
he  was  committed  to  the  Fleet  Prison  by  order  rf  Parlia- 


HOW 

ment.  and  remainca  tliere,  writing  an^l  tranrfating  books, 
until  some  tunc  after  the  murder  of  Charles  I.  At  the 
Restoration  his  sufferings  in  the  cause  of  loyalty  were 
rewarded  hy  the  post  of  Historiographer-Royal  of  Kng! 

humour,  and  versed  in  the  modern  languages.  •■  Thank 
God,  he  says,  "I  have  this  fruit  of  my  foreign  travels, 
that  I  can  pray  unto  Him  every  day  of  the  week  in  a 
separate  language,  and  upon  Sunday  in  seven."  As  a 
writer,  although  he  was  the  author  of  forty-one  original 
works,— historical,  political,  poetical,  and  philological,— 
and  the  translator  of  four  from  the  Italian,  one  fr..m  the 
iTench,  and  one  from  the  Spanish,  all  but  his  Familiar 
Jjetters  may  be  said  to  be  unknown  to  ordinary  readers 
We  notice  a  few  of  his  publications  .—1.  Dendrologia:  or, 
the  Vocall    Forest,   Lon.,   Itijn,  fol. ;  2d    ed..    1644    410^ 

^rvvpn^^t',  ^-"."'■■,  ^"^  '^■'  r"b-  ""■I'^r  the  title  of 
A^,^^POAO^IA-Dodona•s  Grove;  or,  the  Vocall  Forest 
Pub.  with  two  other  tracts,  viz. :  Parables  reflecting  upon 
If*;,  of";,'""'  J^"g'»n'l'>^  Teares  for  the  Present  Wars, 
164.1 ;  2d  Part  of  Dodona's  Grove,  1C50,  Svo.  In  French 
1st  Part,  Pans,  1641,  4lo;  2d  Part,  Paris,  1652,  4to.  In 
Latin,  1st  Part,  Lon.,  1646,  Svo. 

fHi'ui^Mhe^.f.'.wfh'','''''"''''';.""''™'  ""y  ingenuity  in  ni.in- 
Ik.n  ,"■  '  ,?i;  "^  between  he  outer  and  the  ionerstory,  which 
tuuJiU  n  ,"  r  ■'"'•;?;,'"'J'  Pl^'suie  in  allegorical  writing.  The 
unde  the  ,?nii  f  '".'^"'■"Pe,  especially  of  liugland,  about  164o! 
undei  the  guise  of  animated  trees  iu  a  forest.  .  .  .  The  contrivance 
.s^all  along  so  clumsy  and  unintelligible,  the  invenlLn  si  poor 
and  absurd,    be  storj-if  story  there  be-so  dull  an  echo  ofwdl 

anvThi  ''f'r-  ""","  '^  ™P°>^'=it'le  to  reckon  DoVouVsoTot 
any  thing  but  an  enlne  failure.  Howell  has  no  wit,  but  he  has 
a  und.,  ce  of  conceits,   flat  and  commonplace  en,.ugh       wTth 

A  A  ^'rPr  "  """'  f^^T"  """'''  ""'^  observation."i-aa!to»  -s 
ii!.  JJifl.  r,/  hurape,  ed.  1854;  iii.  ICII.  .uuuMm 

Mr.  Hallam  suggests  with  much  plausibility  that  Har- 
rington s  Oceana,  pub.  in   16S6,  was 
or'bv"l'i','r%?v'^f."'"''  ''"''•■'P,''  ''>•  ""^  Dodona's  Gi-ove  of  Howell, 

addittiSlTw  ''"""'^'^  ^™""' '''''  ''"">'  -* 

'■Something  is  to  be  had  from  Howell  still.  It  is  acreeable  if 
?har"  s  ■■;^]°.i"/w"''-''  i'-^.l'.-- '--  "'  tie  days  c'Jles  uid 
Sns  ^piou^s'quo'latiS.''"'-'  ""■  '''''■  '"«■    '^''^'^  -"»"  ™- 

3.  Epistolffi  Ho-EIiana;;  or.  Familiar  Letters,  Domestic 
and  Foreign:  divided  into  sun.lry  Sections,  ,,arlly  His- 
torical partly  Political,  partly  Philosophical,  upon  emer- 
gent Occasions,  1645,  4to.  Auothervol.  in  ll'47;  both 
these  with  the  addit.  of  a  third,  in  1650,  3  vols,  bvo-  4th 

re^i'-nf"?'  IV'  ^ 'r""  '''-  "**'  «"•  ^ince  Several  times 
reprinted.  These  Letters,  addressed  to  .Tames  I.,  to  seve- 
ral Lords  and  Bishops,  Sir  Kenelm  Digby,  Sir  Rob  Na- 
pier, Ben  Jonson,  and  others,  contain  many  curious' par- 
ticulars relating  to  the  reigns  of  James  I.  and  Charles  I 

"Many  of  the  s.iid  letters  were  never  wiitt,.n  before  the  -lutbor 
of  them  was  m  the  Fleet,  as  he  pretended  thev  were  ou     f,     ned 

those  toes  ■■J/V„n"''™'o!'''-  ^''^  gi^"---  "  toleiable  history  of 
inose  times.  —At/ten.  Oitm..  Bliss  s  ed.,  iii.  "4ti-74T. 

Dr.  Bliss  gives  a  table  of  the  edits,  of  Howell's  Letters, 

and  announces  his  intention  of  publishing  a  new  and  cor 

reeled  edit.,  with  notes   and  an   appendi.x,  for  which  he 

had  long  been  making  the  necessary  collections.     It  is  to 

be  greatly  regretted  that  it  was  never  given  to  the  world. 

Ihe   table  of  edits.  IS  as  follows:— 1.  1647-    ■>    ]647-    S 

Mil''  t;^^^^'    *•""•    "-lOSS:  7.170S;'  97l726:'lb' 

VlUi^VhJt  '''^  ""■ "'  '''■"  "^"^  "-^  --^p"""'-  of 

"I  believe  the  second  published  correspondence  of  this  kind 
and,  in  our  own  langu.ige  at  least,  ofany  ioipo.tance  afler  I  ^11 
[see  Hall,  Joseph,  D.D.]  will  be  found  to  be  Epistohe  H^l  li""."' 
or  the  Letters  of  James  Howell,  a  great  trav-eller.  an  iuliu  nte 
friend  of  Jonson,  and  the  first  who  bore  the  office  of  the  lov;! 
hi6toriograpl,er.wh,chdiscoveraT»ri,.tvofliteratu,e„nd  diomfd 

.h:t^i'oJ:^p?^^;i;:;^^^;^r;;.^s^g^;i!ir;;'ii!l» 

m  «he  heat  „f  t^e  moment  only  current  coin,  produce  8,  Khed 
metal  for  the  cabinet.  His  letters  are  still  publishcd."-i)"»  iS 
ii^rnrj;  J/,sof»«nies,  ed.  1840.  p  46  i'"si«ms 

of  sl^msh  ili'r'Th 'v  "■'""'"  '"  *^'""""'^'  *""  "»  "°'  fe  coivaoe 

:u^Su^^.i'^.s?'i?;.'rr;"="-^  '^-  "'*--"™  '^  »"-'*'" 

r,  Jf'U''"°'v^  "''  e''terlaining."-H.tLL.lM :  vhi  supra. 
„,  J/  I      X      ""^  exception  to  the  geneial  rule  that  letters  pre- 
pared for  the  press  are  the  most  siclieniiig  and  tiiesome  of  all 
composjlion.,  it  will  certainly  be  found  in  the  fami  .h,  M^ers  of 
.James  Howell,  commonly  called  £^,iW<e  ab.£(ia«a:;  which  com- 


HOW 


pose  one  of  the  most  curious  volumes  iu  English  literature"— 
-li^l.  Itdrosp.  Krv..  iv.  183-200,  1821,  q.  v. 

4.  A  Perfect  Description  of  the  People  and  Country  of 
Scotland,  1619,  4to.    Reprinted  ;  also  in  The  North  Briton, 

J,\  it 'Li'^fPFf?"?"  ."""■''  "»'  """"e  talk  of  prosecuting  the 
publisher  for  a  hbel ;  but  it  is  surprising  that  sm  h  ext,av.?>ant 

K-oirs  SVri"  '"  ""'"'  ^"^  '■™"<"'  ""'  eontempf."- 

5.  Londinopolis:  an  historicall  Discourse  or  Perlustra- 
tion  of  the  C^ty  of  London,  and  of  Westminster,  1657,  fol. 
Princip.ally  borrowed   from  Stow's  Survey,  and   his  con- 

'°"f    "J"'"'  ," f.™'  "r"'"   '"^'■8  Emergent   Occasions, 

1664     Svo,   pp     136.      Edited    by    Payne   Fisher.      Bibl 
Anglo-Poet.,  384,  £3  6..,  q.  v.;  and  see  Athen.  Oxon. 

Ihe  reader  who  desires  to  know  more  of  Howell  and  his 
publications  must  refer,  in  addition  to  authorities  already 
M  '  0"?'r.fV^"!;;  ^'oy''''  Memoirs,  and  Lowndes's  Bibl. 
Man,,  9,4-975.  We  marvel  that  some  of  the  enterprising 
British  publishers-the  Nicholses,  Bohns,  or  Parkers,  who 
have  done  so  much  for  the  revival  of  ancient  English  lore 
—have  not  presented  us  with  a  new  edit,  of  EpistoUe  Ho- 
11  liana?;  for,  in  the  words  of  an  eminent  authority, 

1^Z.^Ts^^:l^.  '^-'^   '-"'-  tett..rs.-'.lVol= 
The  new  editor  of  the  Letters,  if  such  an  individual 

should  make  his  appearance,  must  endeavour  to  procure 
ho  late  Henry  F.auutlcroy's  illustrated  copy,  bound  in 

three  imperial  folioa. 
Howell,  James.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1780,  4to 
Howell,   John.      Persecution;    or,    Sufferings    for 

Christ  s  Sake,  Lon.,  1685,  4to. 
Howell,  Johii.     Life  and  Adventures  of  Alexander 

belkirk.     See  De  Foe,  Da.mel,  p.  4S9 

tbp***""'*^'!'   i",^"-  /°  ^'^'"y  ™  "i°  War-Galleys  of 
the  Ancients,  Edin.,  1826,  Svo. 

Howell,  Laurence.     See  Howel. 

Howell,  Thomas.     I.  The  Fable  of  Ouid,  treting 

of  Narcissus,  trans,   into  English  Mytre,  Lon.,  1560,  4to. 

■!.   Ihc  Arbor  of  Amitie,  156S,  '69,  Svo.     3    T  H 's  De 

y;'"  ^7  '"!,  "™?  Exercise   and    his   Friend's  Plrasure, 

i"!ll    P     1      n    ^  V*™',  "'■'••  "fEng- Poetry;  Ritson's 
Bibl.  Poet.  :  Cens.  Lit. ;  Brit.  Biblioc- 

Howell,  Thomas,  M.D.     See  Howel. 

Iet™Tb    It^^""'?*'^-  '•  0'«- ™Df-Sturge's  Pamph- 
let resp.   he  N,m-residence  of  the  Clergy,  Lon.,  1802,'03,8vo. 

Period';  n  ^f"'-  'f  ,f  ""^  '^"■■"^'  *<■■  f™"  tbe  Eariiest 
ler.od  to  the  Present  Time,  Lon.,  1809-28,  34  vols.  r.  Svo 
Compiled  by  T.  B.  Howell ;  continued  to  1820  by  his  son 
Thomas  Jones  Howell ;  with  a  General  Index  to  the  whole 

reducei^ii^le^tfi"'  'y"'""-  """''""''^  ?"''•  '''  ^''^ ' 
reaiiced  to  ±16  16..  Index  sep.arate,  £1  11,.  6rf  This 
.nyahnable  work  we  h.oye  already  noticed  :  .see  HARCRAyE 
ton,  1  r  •  "^■r',-*""'  ^-  C-  H'»-«>-ave  disclaimed  the  edil 
tonal  re  ponsibihty  connected  with  the  collection  of  State 
Tnals  winch  goes  under  his  name.  See  a  valuable  artic  e 
54"  9"  %'\^"'''^  '°  ^^'""-^'^  Reporters,  3d  ed  ,  ISm! 
fbe"  W„I  ,  ,^  7"  "  recommended  in  these  articles  to 
the  legal  student,  we  must  add  one  of  recent  date   viz  • 

;,;'";;  'rv"pf  ^'=^''""'' """  i""-"ra.ed  Sso  2 

fie  1  l^'i  •^]""•  ?'"•  TownseuJ.  Recorder  of  Maccles- 
field, .and   author  of  sever.al  v.alu.able  half-legal,  half-his. 

found  inLdm  Rev.,  xxxi.  235-246.  Miss  Witford  bung 
over  tbe  State  Trials  with  delir-ht  •  ^ 

nom 'cllri^^'i^  ^^l^r^Jitl^^^^'S  than  the  poets 

^^r-^^d^r-^^^^et^ri^^i^i^^ 

exptr::di^:p.r::;--;;-:-i--esamo 

state  Trials   and   trust   that   before   the  reader  sees  thit 

i^K  tn^b^s?:' sMv^r^'^'--^- ^-"'^ "-- ^r 

and  Chancellor  ,,tincolnd.  168,3.    1  Elementa  kisLrii 
Cuilis.  usquo  ad  Monarchium  Constantini  M.,  O^f    1600- 
J'f'c'Jernl'H™;     ^^'''^f  ^  ed.,  1704.     2.  An  Institution 
161,2    16S0-S5,  4  vols.  fol.   Commended  by  Gibbon,  Hume 
and  Johnson.  3.  Ecclesiastical  Hist.,  16s6.  f„l.  4  Medullii 
llistoria  Anghcana; :    the  Ancient  and  Present  State  of 
England,  1679.  1712,  '19,  '34,  '42,  Svo 
Howell,  M'm.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1676,  4to 
Howell,  >Vm.     Two  Serms.,  Oxf.,  1711,  '12. 
Howell.     See  Howel.  '         .         .     - 


HOW 

Howels,  Wm.,  minister  of  Long- Aero  Episcopal 
Chapel.  Icng  known  as  a  popular  preacher  of  the  ••  tvan- 
KoUcar  School."  1.  Remains  of,  cons.shng  of  Extracts 
Cm  his  Sermons,  by  the  Rev  Wm^  P.  Moo^e,  DuM 
1833,  12mo.  New  ed.,  Lon.,  18o2,  fp.  Svo  2.  ^I- Serms. 
on  the  Lord's  Prayer,  and  a  scrm.  on  Scr.p  ural  Worship, 
Lon  1835,  Svo.  3.  Serms.,  with  Memoir  by  Ch as  Rowdier, 
1835  2  vols.  Svo  ;  2d  ed.,  vol.  i    1836  8vo.    4.  XX   hcrms 

1535  12mo.     5.  LII.  Serms,,  from  Notes  by  H.  II.  WhUe, 

1536  Svo      6  Prayers  before  and  after  the  Sermon,  32mo.  , 
7  Choice  Scniences,  ed.  by  the  Rev.  W.  Bruce,  1S50  ISmo.  I 
For  an  account  of  Mr.  Ilowels,  see  two  lunera    Serms. 
occasioned  by  bis  death,  by  the  Rev   Ileury  Melvdl  and 

he  Hon.  and  Rev.  Baptist  Noel,  &c  1S32.  Svo;  and 
Brief  Memoirs  of  Rev.  W.  Howels,  by  the  Rev.  B.  Morgan, 
1854,  fp.  Svo. 

"His  Kreat  aim  was  alwavs  to  reach  the  consciences  of  his 
hear"™.  One  of  l.is  parasraphs  would  have  been  another  man  s 
sermon."— Rev.  llENKV  Melvill. 

HoAves,  Edmund.  Annales;  or,  A  Gener.al  Chro- 
nicle of  Engband,  begun  by  John  Stow :  continued  to  the 
end  of  the  year  1631,  Lon..  1631,  fol.     See  Stow,  John. 

Howes,  Francis.  1-  Mi.'^cellaneous  Poet.  Irans., 
Ac.,  Lon.,  1S06,  Svo.  2.  Satires  of  Persius,  trans,  with 
Notes,  I S09,  Svo.  ict,ii.„ 

Howes,  John,  Rector  of  Abingdon.  Serm.,  1670, 4to. 
Howes,  John.     See  Howks,  Thomas 
Howes,  Thomas,  or  John.     Critical  Observations 
on  Books,  ancient  and  modern,  Pts.  1-16,  and  appendices 
Lon      1776-1813,  Svo.    Anon.     A  complete  set  ol    this 
series,  perhaps,  cannot  be  obtained  at  any    price       Mr. 
Bohn  advertised  one  in  1848,  bound  in  5  vols  ,  for  f-  2s. 
which  had  formerly  belonged  to  Thomas  Falconer.     Mv 
Bohn  had  never  seen  another  complete  set.    Dr  Parr  calls 
Howes  the  "very  learned  and  most  acute.       See  Biblio- 
theca  Parriana,   p.  280.     Bohn   ealls   the  author   'John 
Howes  of  Norwich  ;"  Lowndes  calls  hun  Thomas. 
Howes,  Robert.     Hist,  of  Framlingham. 
Howes,   Rev.   T.     Abridgt.  of   Dr.  John  Taylor  s 
Key  to  the  Apostolic  Writings,  Ac,  1806. 

HoAvett,  Samuel.  Some  Few  Proposals  for  Public 
Service  both  by  Sea  and  Land,  1689.  . 

Howgill,  Francis,  a  t^uaker.  The  Dawnings  of 
the  Gospel-Day,  and  its  Light  and  Glory  Discouered, 
Lon.,  1676,  fol.  ,       .^         , 

Howgrave,  Francis.  1.  Rumour  against  Inocula- 
tion, Lou.,  1724,  Svo.  2.  Essay  on  the  Ancient  and  Pre- 
sent State  of  Stamford,  1726,  4to.  ,     .      ., 

HoAVick,  Rt.  Hon.  Viscount.  Speech  in  the 
House  of  Commons,  Lon.,  1S07,  Svo.  ■    ^      ,       -i 

Howie,  John,  1735-1791,  a  native  of  Lochgoil, 
Scotland  1.  Biograpbia  Scoticana;  or,  A  Brief  Histori- 
cal Account  of  the  most  Eminent  Scots  Worthies,  Ac, 
1503-168S,  1774;  again,  enlarged,  Glasg.,  1781,  Svo,  and 
later  edits.  New  ed..  Revised,  Corrected,  and  Enlarged, 
with  a  Pref.  and  Notes,  by  Win.  McGavin,  author  of  Ihe 
Protestant,  Ac,  recently  pub.  by  McPhun,  of  Glasgow ; 
reprinted  by  Carters,  of  N.  York,  1853,  Svo. 

'•This  is  bv  far  the  best  edition  of  this  most  rem-iikaUe  work 
that  has  ever  seen  the  li^ht.  He  is  not  woithy  the  name  of  a 
Scot  who  can  be  inditferent  to  the  story  of  these  illustrious  cham- 
pions."—ion.  Kvangd.  Mag. 

These  should  accompany  this  v.aluable  work— The  Last 
Words  and  Dying  Testimonies  of  the  Scottish  Worthies, 
also  pub.  by  McPhun.  2.  Lects.  and  Serms.  by  Scottish 
Divines.  3-7.  Theolog.  treatises.  See  Memoir  ol  Howie 
prefixed  to  tfce  last  edit,  of  Scots  Worthies. 

Howison,  James,  M.D.  1.  Dictionary  of  the  Malay 
Ton.'ue,  Lon.,  1801,  4to  ;  1S05,  4to.  2.  Con.  to  Annals  of_ 
MedT,  1797.  3.  Elastic  Gum  Vine  of  Prince  ol  Wales 
Island  ;  Nic  Jour.,  1800.  _ 

Howison,  John,  of  the  E.  L  Co.  s  Service.  1.  Eu- 
ronean  Colonies,  2  vols.  Svo.  2.  Sketches  of  Upper 
Ca'iiada,  Edin.,  1821,  Svo  ;  2d  ed.,  1822  ;  3d  ed  1825,  Svo. 
Mr.  H.  passed  two  years  and  a  half  in  Upper  Canada. 

"  Bv  far  the  best  book  which  has  ever  been  written  by  any  Bri- 
tish traveller  on  the  subject  of  North  America."— iJ/uclui.  Mag.,  x. 
637-545 


Also  hicrbly  commended  by  the  Edinburgh  Review; 
Edinburgh  Magazine  ;  Monthly  Magazine  ;  New  Monthly 
Ma.'azine;  British  Critic  ;  Eclectic  Review  ;  Literary  Ga- 
zette ;  Literary  Chronicle;  Scotsman;  Examiner;  Monthly 
Keview,  Ac. 

"  In  describinK  the  Falls  of  Niagara,  he  hai  outHeroded  Herod 
and  b-aten  IimS,a,tt,  Furioso  out  of  the  field."-i™.  MmM.  Jiev. 

"It  is  rich  in  valuable  information  to  emigrants,  and  is.  more- 
over hichlv  descriptive  of  scenery  and  manners.  The  part  rela- 
tive to  iheUuited  States  is  Buperliclal."-a«cn50K  J  Uyayts  and 
Travels. 


HOW 

3.  Foreign  Scenes  and  Travelling  Recreations;  2d  cd., 
^  :/AUktw;-h,  beiuK  once  taken  „p.  it  is  really  difficult  t^^^^^ 
down  asain  without  pel  using  thoroughly.'  -Uj'i.  Acu,5  of  LiU,  a- 
ture  and  Fashion. 

A  Tales  of  the  Colonics,  2  vols.  p.  Svo. 
"i  ,„ies  of  interesting  T.ales  worthy  of  the  clever  author.  - 
Lon.  Lit.  Giizrlle. 

^i:^u;  ^eit -R:,  b.  1S20,  in  Fredericksburg. 
Virginia  has  practised  law  at  Richmond,  "V  a-,  since  1S45 
I  A  His  .of  Virginia  from  its  Discovery  and  SeUleinent 
;:  1847  2  vols  Svo:  vol.  i.,  Pbila.,  1846;  vol.  ii.,  Rieh- 
monif  i848  2  Lives  of  Generals  Morgan.  Marion,  and 
r  r  .  ^tb  in  1S47  in  the  work  entitled  Washington  and 
SirGerralsVf'  t'be   American    Revolution    edited    by 

Hnwison  William,  the  brother  of  John  Howison, 
ha!  be"  so  gr^^hicaUy  described  by  Sir  Walter  Scott-- 
?o  whom  be  intro'duced  himself  when  ""-n  l-y  bis^all^d 
of  Polydore-in  his  letter  to  Joanna  Laillie,  July  U, 
1S''3  hatwe  need  only  refer  the  reader  to  l'"^  ^^P'^'lO' 
PMvdore  oTi-inally  pub.  by  Sir  Walter  in  the  Ldnil.urgh 
innu^  Register  for  181  0,  will  be  found  in  Joanna  BaiUie  3 
pXal  Miscellanies,  1S2.3  1.  F-S"-',V"serBlack- 
Pub  under  the  name  of  M.  de  Peudemots.  See  UlacK- 
wook'  Mag.,  x.  345.  2.  An  Essay  on  the  Sentiments  of 
Ittraction  Adaptation,  and  Vanity  To  which  are  added 
A  Kcv  to  the  Mythology  of  the  Ancients,  and  Europe  s 
tikeness  to  the  Human  Spirit,  Edin.,  1821.  12mo 
^""omifs  extreme  abst.acled  doctrines,  ,-ore  difl.cu  to  com- 
prebend  than  any  I  ever  opened  in  my  lite.  -Sm  ^^  alter  bcoTT 

"'UrSlackw.  Mag.,  ix.  393-399;  x.  545;  xi   30S-316. 

3.  A  Grammar  of  Infinite  Foras;  "[■ '^''.Mf'^'"""' '^^^ 
Elements  of  Ancient  Philosophy  and  Mythology,  1823, 
12nio.  4.  The  Cou„uest  of  Twelve  'Tr.bes.  See  Blaekw. 
-M«<'     xlvi    694.     See  also  Lockhart  s  Life  of  Scott. 

Ilowitt,  Anna  Mary,  an  artist,  is  the  daughter  of 

William  and  Mary  Hnwitt,  and  inherits  the  literary  talent 

I  of  her  parents.     1.  An  Art-Student  in  Munich,  Lon.,  1853, 

^  "Ther^'is^enou^-h  in  these  volumes  to  warrant  our  conviction 

tb,t   if  Ttple."setbeir  authoress,  she  may  hereafter  do  good  ser- 

'  V  ;e  to  Art  V  th  the  pen  no  less  than  with  the  pencil  ■--'"PP^^'.'^B- 

Ilways,  that  Time  sliall  balance,  not  deaden,  her  enthusiasm.  — 

2  The  School  of  Life.  Erst  pub.  in  the  London  Illustrated 
Magazine  of  Art,  vol.  ii.,  July  to  Dec.  1853;  by  Ticknor  & 
Fields,  Best,  1855, 16mo.  Repub.,  Lon.,  lS5b.  This  work, 
which  records  the  experience  of  artist  life,  has  been  highly 

commended.  .  m         ^i  u  *t.„ 

Howitt,  Enia.  Letters  during  a  Tonr  through  tho 
United  States,  Nottingham,  circa  1820,  12ino. 

Howitt,  Mary,  a  daughter  of  Mr.  Botham,  of 
Uttoxeter,  a  member  of  the  Society  of  Friends  was  mar- 
ried to  William  Ilowitt,  a  congenial  spirit,  in  lb21.  Iho 
lives  of  both  have  been  so  well  told  in  a  publication 
just  issued,  and  accessilile  to  all,  (Men  of  the  Tunc,  Lon., 
1856,)  that  it  will  be  unnecessary  to  repeat  what  wc  should 
be  unable  to  improve.  Moreover,  the  plan  of  our  work 
is  better  answered  by  a  list  of  their  publications,  with 
some  critical  notices  of  their  characteristics  as  writers,— 
which  citations  of  opinions  we  are  obliged  to  restrict 
within  very  narrow  limits.  ,,.,.■ 

In  1823  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Howitt  gave  to  the  world  their 
first  publication,— The  Forest  Minstrel,  which  was  suc- 
ceeded in  1S27  by  The  Desolation  of  Eyam,  ""'l  "'her 
Poems.  To  these  joint  productions  may  be  added,  the 
Book  of  the  Seasons,  first  pub.  in  1831,  and  The  Litera- 
ture and  Komanco  of  Northern  Europe,  issued  in  1S52, 
and  Stories  of  English  Life,  in  Bohn's  Illustrated  Library, 
1853  The  following  alphabetical  catalogue— compiled 
with  considerable  labour,  and,  we  trust,  nearly  if  not  quite 
complete— of  Mary  Hewitt's  separate  publications  evinces 
no  ordinary  amount  of  literary  industry.  1.  Alice  i  rank- 
lin,  1843,  ISmo.    2.  Ballads  and  other  Poems,  1847,  p.  Svo. 

3  Birds  and  Flowers,  and  other  Country  Things,  1S48, 
I'Jino  4.  Do.,  Second  Series,  1866,  sq.  5.  Children  3 
Year  1847,  16mo.  6.  Dial  of  Love,  1S52,  12mo.  7.  Heir 
of  Wast  Wayland,  1851.  12mo.  8.  Hope  on  !  Hope  ever! 
3d  ed  ,  1844.  ISmo.  9.  Hymns  and  Fireside  Verses,  1839, 
fp  Svo.  New  ed.  of  Fireside  Verses,  1844,  4to;  again, 
1862,  16mo.  10.  Illustrated  Library  for  the  Young, 
1S65  :  1st  Series,  4to ;  2d  Series.  4to.  Also  both 
series  in  1  vol.  4to.  Pub.  in  monthly  nus.  11.  Little 
Coin,  Much    Care,  1842,   ISmo.      12.  Lives  of    BritisU 


905 


now 


now 


Queens  ;  or,  The  Royal  Book  of  Beauty  ;  Illustrated  with  [- 
Ji'iog.  and  Hist.  Memoirs  by  Mary  Howittand  the  Countess  I 
of  Blessington,  1851,  r.  8vo.     13.  Love  and  Money,  18-13,  | 
18mo.     14.  Mary   Leesou,  1848,  18mo.     15.  Midsummer  i 
Flowers,  1853,  fp.  Svo.      16.  My  own  Story,  1844,  ISmo. 
17.  My  Uucle  the  Olockmaker,  1844,  18dio.     IS,  No  Sense  ; 
like  Common  Sense,  1843,  ISmo.    19.  Our  Cousins  in  Ohio  ;  , 
new  ed.,  1849,  sq.     20.  Picture  Book  for  the  Young,  1854, 
4to.     21.  Seven  Temptations,  1834,  12mo.      22.  Slietches 
of  Natural  History,  sq.;  6th  ed.,  1846;  7th  ed..  1851;  8th  : 
ed.,  1853.      23.  Sowing  and   Reaping,   1S40,    ISmo.     24.  | 
Strive  and  Thrive,  1839,  ISmo.     25.  Tales  in  Prose,  sq. ; 
new  ed.,  1841,     2f>.  Tales  in  Verse,  sq. ;    new  cd.,  1840; 
again,  1854.     27.  The  Stedfast  Gabriel,  1850.  ISmo.     28. 
The    Two   Apprentices,   1844.   ISmo.      29.  Which   is   the 
Wiser?  3d  ed.,  1844,  ISmo.     30.  Who  shall  Ijc  Greatest?  \ 
1841,  18mo.     31.   Wood  Leighton,  1836,  3   vols.  p.  Svo.  , 
32.  Work  and  Wages,  1842,  ISmo.  I 

Translations  into  English  from  the  Swedish  of  | 
Fredeuika  Bremf.r.  33.  Brothers  and  Sisters;  a  Tale  \ 
of  Domestic  Life,  1848,  3  vols.  p.  Svo.     34.  Easter  Offer-  ': 

ing,  1850,  12mo.     35.  11 Family.  1844,  2  vols.  p.  Svo.  j 

New  cd.,  1853,  in  vol.  iv.  of  Miss  liremer's  Wurks.  36. 
Hertha,  1856.  37.  Home;  or,  Family  Cares  and  Family  \ 
Joys,  1843,  2  vols.  p.  Svo.  New  ed.,  1853,  lieing  vol.  iii.  I 
of  Miss  Bremer's  Works.  38.  Homes  of  the  New  World; 
Impressions  of  America,  1853,  3  vols.  p.  Svo.  39.  Mid- 
night Sun.  1849,  p.  Svo.  40.  New  Sketches  of  Every-Day 
Life — A  Diary;  together  with  Strife  and  Peace,  1S43,  2 
vols.  p.  Svo.  New  ed.  in  vol.  iv.  of  Miss  Bremer's  Worka. 
41.  President's  Daughters,  including  Nina,  1843,  3  vols.  p. 
Svo.  New  ed.,  1S52,  p.  Svo.  42.  The  Neighbours;  a  Story 
of  Every-Day  Life;  Sd  ed.,  1843,  2  vols.  p.  Svo;  4th  ed., 
1852,  12mo. 

From  the  Danish  of  Hans  Christian  Andersen.  43, 
Only  a  Fiddle !  and  0.  T. ;  or,  Life  in  Denmark,  1845,  3  vols. 
p.  Svo.  44.  The  Improvisatore,  1847,  12mo;  1849,  12mo. 
45.  The  True  Story  of  My  Life.  1847.  12mo.  46.  Wonder- 
ful Stories  for  Childreu,  sq.,  1S46.     New  ed.,  1848. 

Also  from  the  Danish.  47.  Jacob  Bendixen,  the  Jew, 
1851,  3  vols.  p.  Svo. 

From  the  German.  48.  Child's  Picture  and  Verse- 
Book,  commonly  called  Otto  Speckter's  Fable-Book,  with 
French  and  German  on  corresponding  jiages;  illustrated 
with  100  Engravings  on  Wood  by  G.  F.  Sargent,  sq. ;  2d 
ed.,  1S44;  3d  ed.,  1S45.  The  popularity  of  this  work, 
from  Poland  to  France,  with  the  younger  members  of  the 
bousehold,  is  well  known.  A  celebrated  German  review 
remarks  of  it: 

"Of  this  production,  which  makes  itself  an  epoch  in  the  world 
of  children,  it  is  superfluous  to  speak.  The  F.ible-lJonk  is  thioutib- 
out  all  Germany  in  the  hands  nf  parents  and  children,  and  will 
always  be  new.  because  every  year  fresh  chiljieu  are  born." 

49.  Citizen  of  Prague:  2d  ed.,  1846,  3  vols.  p.  Svo.  50. 
The  Peasant  and  his  Landlord,  by  Baroness  Knorring, 
184S,  2  vols.  Svo. 

The  above  register  affords  a  tolerable  proof  that  Mary 
Howitt  has  not  "eaten  the  bread  of  idleness;"  but,  if  to 
these  volumes — many  of  them  exhibiting  evidences  of  no 
little  toil — we  add  her  contributions  for  the  last  thirty  years 
to  the  periodicals  of  the  day, — to  The  Amulet,  The  Literary 
Souvenir,  The  Drawing  Rnom  Scrap-Bo(dc,  (of  which  she 
■was  fttr  three  years  the  editor.)  The  Perqde's  Journal,  &c., 
— we  shall  have  an  aggregate  of  printed  matter  which  few 
authors  of  the  day  can  equal.  But  unfortunately  the  mere 
fact  of  voluminousness  does  not  always  imply  either  merit 
on  the  part  of  the  author  or  advantage  on  that  of  the 
public.  The  great  que.-^tion  is  not  as  to  quantity,  but  as 
to  quitlity.  By  many  writers  we  should  have  been  bene- 
fited mure  had  they  written  less;  and  of  many  it  is  to  be 
regretted  that  they  ever  wrote  at  all.  But  if  of  any  we 
can  justly  say, — This  pen  has  ever  been  employed  in  the 
advocacy  of  the  true,  the  beautiful,  and  the  good ;  the  alle- 
viation of  human  suffering,  and  the  cure  of  social  disor- 
ders; the  education  of  the  mind,  and  the  improvement  of 
the  heart;  the  cultivation  of  home-duties  and  home-affec- 
tions, and  the  development  of  fraternal  unity  in  the  great 
brotherhood  of  man  ; — surely  of  such  it  shall  be  said.  Here 
is  one  worthy  of  honour,  of  love,  and  of  praise  ; — and  such 
is  Mary  Howitt!  When  we  return  from  the  pleasing  con- 
templation of  the  moralist,  to  consider  the  literary  merits 
of  an  instrumentality  which  has  been  so  widely  produc- 
tive of  beneficial  results,  we  are  conscious  that  the  theme 
has  been  anticipated — not  to  say  exhausted.  Mrs.  Howitt's 
position,  whether  we  consider  her  as  a  poetess,  a  novelist, 
an  essayist,  or  as  an  instructor  of  the  youthful  mind,  is  too 
well  determined,  too  generally  acknowledged,  to  require 
906 


any.  championship  at  our  hands.  Yet  we  are  not  willing 
to  'conclude  this  article  without  the  adduction  of  at  least  a 
few  tributes  to  the  merits  of  one  whose  happiness  it  is  to 
number  as  many  friends  as  she  has  readers,  and  to  have 
as  few  enemies  as  she  has  written  worthless  books. 

"There  can  be  no  surer  proof  of  the  t^enuiiieiiessof  the  poetical 
power  possessed  by  Mary  Howitt,  th;iu  the  fact  that  her  finer  pieces 
ever  recur  again  and  again  to  the  memories  of  all  imaginative 
readers.  This  can  be  only  owing  to  their  feminine  tenderness, 
theirearnest  tone,  their  gentle  music,  and  their  simple  but  geuuiue 
uiitui-e."— 3Mr's  S/cdcJies  ofthe  PoH.  Lit.  nfthe  Pa$t  Half-Ccnturi/. 
'■  Mary  Howitt  has  shown  herself  mistress  of  every  string  of  (he 
minstrel  lyre,  save  that  which  sounds  of  broil  and  bloodshed. 
There  is  more  of  the  old  ballad  simplicity  in  her  compositions  than 
can  be  found  in  the  strains  of  any  living  poet  besides;  her  lan- 
guage is  vigorous,  but  not  swelling;  and  always  subordinate  to 
the  Sentiments,  whether  of  tenderness  or  of  love." — Allan  Can- 
iiinfjJnnti's  Bwg.  and  Orit.  Hist,  nf  the  Lit,  of  the  Last  Fifty  Years. 
'*  ller  poems  are  always  graceful  and  beautiful,  and  often  vigot^ 
ous,  but  they  are  essentially  feminine;  they  afford  evidences  of  a 
ki  ndly  and  generous  nature,  as  well  as  of  a  fertile  imagiuation  and 
a  safely-cultivated  mind.'' — Mbs.  Hall. 

"Her  language  is  chaste  and  simple,  her  feelings  tender  and 
pure,  and  her  observation  of  nature  accurate  and  intense." — ■ 
Christopher  North:  JVoctes Amhrosian(s ;  Blacktu.Mag.,\xiv.&t^. 
"Sweet  iMary  HowittI  her  name  brings  a  magic  with  it,  let  us 
see  it  when  and  where  we  will!  It  is  one  crowded  with  pleasant 
associ.itions;  telling  of  wisdom  learned  by  the  wayside  and  under 
the  hedgerows;  breathing  perfumes — not  the  perfumes  of  balls  and 
routs,  but — of  violets  and  wild  flowers:  leading  the  mind  to  pure 
and  pleasant  thoughtfulness." — iVew  Monthly  Magazine. 

See  also  Bl.ackwood's  Mag.,  xxiv.  674;  xxix,  699-701; 
xxxvii.  643-650;   Eclec.  Rev.,  4th  Ser.,  xvi.  556. 

•'  Mary  Howitt,  the  poetess  alike  of  the  Fireside  and  of  the  Field, 
and  perhaps  the  most  popular  of  all  our  female  writers,  takes  a 
rank  second  to  none  among  the  fair  poets  of  our  country.  .  .  .  Not 
content  with  showing  that  she  possesses  noble  powers,  Mrs.  Howitt 
exhibits  the  rare  ambition  of  using  her  gifts  nobly  ;  and  with  an 
earnest  eloquence,  which  often  reaches  sublimity,  she  proclaims 
herself  the  poet  of  the  Young,  and  the  Humble,  and  the  Poor. 
Her  sympathies  with  all  classes  are  strong; 

'  All  tears 
Which  human  sorrow  sheds  are  dear  to  her;* 
but  with  these  classes  they  are  overpowering.  ...  In  summing  up 
my  imperfect  estimate  of  Mary  Howitt.  I  would  say  that  no  Fo 
ni.nle  Toet  in  our  literature  surpasses  her.  and  that  but  few  equal 
her.  As  a  versifier,  as  a  moralist,  and  as  a  philosophei-,  she  may 
safely  challenge  comparison  with  any  writer  of  her  own  sex,  and 
with  most  of  the  writers  of  the  other  sex;  whilst  as  regards  grace, 
pathos,  womanly  sentiment,  and  Christian  sympathy,  she  has 
scarcely  a  *  rival  near  her  throne.'  I  believe  that  her  writings  have 
done  more  to  elevate  our  ideas  of  woman's  intellectu.il  character 
than  all  the  tre.Htises  on  that  subject  in  our  language." — Rowlaii's 
Femalf  Poeta  of  Great  Britain. 

Howitt,  Kichard,  brother  of  William   and   Mary 

Howitt,  settled  for  four  years  as  a  physician  at  Melbourne, 
Australia,  has  given  us  the  results  of  his  observations  in 
his  work  entitled  (1.)  Impressions  of  Australia  Felix,  during 
Four  Years'  Residence  in  that  Colony  :  Australian  Poems, 
&c.,  Lon.,  1845,  12mo;  1847,  12mo. 

*■  The  Impressions  make  up  an  amusing  volume :  one,  too,  which, 
taken  cum  grana,  may  be  useful." — Lon.  Athi-nfFum. 

"The  details  are  amusing  and  intelligent,  the  remarks  ai^  sen- 
sible and  philosophic,  and  we  have,  as  it  were,  gossiped  through 
the  whole  of  nearly  four  hundred  pages,  with  the  reverse  of  lassi- 
tude or  discontent." — Lon.  Lit.  Gazdfp. 

"He  possessed  many  facilities  for  acquiring  information  which 
were  not  accessible  to  the  ordinary  traveller,  and  he  has  not  &iled 
to  make  the  most  of  them." — Men  of  the  Tinu\  Lon.,  1856. 

Mr.  Howitt  has  also  given  to  the  world  (2.)  Antediluvian 
Sketches,  and  other  Poems,  1830,  12mo,  pp.  148. 

■'lijchard,  too,  has  a  true  poetical  feeling,  and  no  small  poetical 
power.  His  unpretending  volume  of  verses  well  deserves  a  place 
in  the  library  along  with  those  of  his  enlightened  relatives;  for 
he  loves  nature  truly  as  they  do,  and  nature  has  returned  his 
affection." — Christopher  North;  Noct^  Ambrosiana ;  Blackwood's 
Mof/azine,  xxix.  700.  • 

"It  is  one  of  the  few  books  of  this  sort  that  fully  answers  the 
title  of  Poems: — it  is  Poetry." — Fnctids^  Magazine.  Oct.  1S30. 

"There  is  a  great  deal  of  poetical  and  also  of  good  kindly  feeling 
in  this  little  volume.  ...  It  is  a  rare  thing  to  i^een  whole  family  so 
gifted  as  the  family  of  Howitt:  truly  their  union  must  be  a  '  mu- 
sical meeting.' "—i>M.  Lit.  Gazette,  Sept.  11,  1830. 

3.  The  Gipsy  King,  and  other  Poems,  1841;  2d  ed.,  1846, 
fp.  8vo.  Illustrated  with  eight  wood  engravings  by  Wil- 
liams. 

*'  Full  of  genuine  pictures  of  nature." — Lbioh  IIcnt. 

''Richard  Howitt  is  worthy  of  his  relationship  to  his  celebrated 
brother  and  sister,  William  and  Mary  Howitt." — Lon.  Ax'io  MonUdy 
Magazine. 

See  Lon.  Athenamm,  1841,  S5. 

Several  other  references  to  the  Howitt  family  (by  the 
illustrious  Christopher  North)  will  be  found  in  Blackwood's 
Mag.,  xxiv.  674;  xxix.  699. 

Howitt,  Samuel.  1.  50  Etchings  of  Animals,  1S03  or 
1804,  4to.  2.  Field  Sports,  1807.  fol.  3.  New  AVork  of 
Animals,  1811,  4to.  4.  Miscellaneous  Etchings,  1812. 
5.  British  Sportsman,  1812,  4to.  6.  Foreign  Field  Sports, 
1814.  7.  The  British  Preserve,  r.  4to;  new  ed.,  1840,  r 
Svo;  1844;  1847. 


now 


ii,.-n;iit  William,  b.  1705,  at  Ileanor,  in  Derby- 1 
sb^eTb  h'u '1;'; "ml  'literary  a;sociate  of  Mary  IIow,.t 
W  been  nlrea<ly  briefly  noticed  in  our  article  devu  ed  to 
tbe  Hue"  in  which  the  reader  is  referred  for  further  mfor- 
*:«:.;«  to  the  life  of  Mr.  Howitt  in  Men  of  the  T-e  Lon 
1856.  The  foUowing  alphabetical  hst  of  the  works  of  th.s 
popular  author  includes  all  of  which  we  can  find  any  ac- 
coun  •  1.  A  Word  to  Dissenters,  1S39.  2.  Aristocracy  of 
Eu gland  ;  a  History  for  the  People,  by  John  """P^""'  '^j; 
1846,  12.uo;  2d  ed.,  1816,  12mo  ;  also,  3d  ed  3- B""''  O' 
the  Seasons;  or,  A  Calendar  of  Nature,  1831,  ^2mo-\A 
ed     1846,  12mo;   8th   ed.,   1848,   12mo:   in   conjunction 

S  esent  in  the  gai-deu,  in  the  fleW.  and  the  waters:  yet  confln  ng 
KsoMv  to  those  ohjects.  Such,  in  their  own  words,  is  said  to 
Whelr  dm'  Shepherd:  -And  nae  h.siguificant  aim  either,  sir. 
me  they  bit  iu'     xNoeih:  'They  have.' "-iVbcto  Ambros^an<c: 

See  also  Westminster  Review,  xiv.  456  i.  Boy  s  Ad- 
ventures in  the  Wilds  of  Australia;  or,  Herberts  Note- 
Rook    1854,  fp.  8vo.     New  ed..  1855,  12mo. 

'°A11  the  bo's  in  Engbind,  whether  -old  boys' or  vounK  ones, 
will  leioi^e  in  his  fascinating  hook,  full  of  anecdote  and  wild  ad- 
^entire  sober "s  we  are, and  little  given  to  roam,  it  h.'.s  mspi,« 
"s  wUh  a  s^ronBdesire  to  take  a  jouvney  in  the  Bush,  if  we  could 
KM  th.-  end  of  \V'—L;n.  AtlteniEum.  1S54.  p.  15ob. 

5.  Boy's  Country-Book  of  Amusements,  12nio;  new  ed., 

^^"I"capM°'wor'lfand.  we  are  inclined  to  think,  Hewitt's  best 

'^fSL'o/thTmok^rscin^Jing  Mion,  for  young  and  old  that 
has  ever  graced  our  literature."-r™.  »mM.v  CArmu* 

6.  Colonization  and  Christianity  ;  a  History  of  the  Treat- 
mentof  Aboriginals  by  European  Nations  in  all  their  Colo- 
nies 1S3S  p.  8vo.  The  publication  of  this  work  led  to  the 
formation  of  the  British  India  Society,  and  to  some  im- 
provements in  the  management  of  the  colonies  of  Ureat 

^•' Never  has  any  other  author  discussed  this  subject  so  plainly 

and  valuable  work  that  Mr.  llowitt  has  produced.  -Tail  s  Mag- 

But  see  Athenaeum,  1838,  644-645  7.  Country  \ car- 
Book  •  or.  The  Field,  Tbe  Forest,  and  The  Fireside,  p.  8v  o. 
8  Desolation  of  Eyam,  [founded  on  the  pathetic  narrative 
of  the  Uev.  Wm.  Mompesson,]  and  other  Poems,  1827,  Umo: 
■„  conjunction  with' Mary  Howitt.  9.  Forest  Minstrel, 
1823  i2mo-  in  conjunction  with  Mary  Howitt.  Ibis 
vol  is  composed  of  selections  from  tbe  fugitive  poetry  of 
the  authors  See  Howitt,  Mary.  10.  German  Lxpe- 
tiee  Addressed  to  the  English,  1844,  p.  Svo;  18  7,  p 
8yo  See  Eclee.  Rev.,  4th  Sen,  xvi.  556  H  Hall  and 
the  Hamlet,  1847,  2  vols.  p.  Svo;  1848,  2  vols.  p.  Svo;  18d2, 

^  "U^;.J';™Two  entertaining  voUinies  by  Mr  nowitt:-having 
the  rone's  and  value  of  characteristic  nationality  and  in  ina.iy 
passa  ^es  the  grace  of  elciuent  and  picturesque  description.  - 

^"lo^'ni";:;;';".'' E.^1-^-  This  work  is  at  the  present 
time'(18a6)  in  course  of  puldicntion.  It  is  pub.  in  nuni- 
Ws  to  the  amount  of  100,1100  weekly.  It  «' "..P^^'ih  y 
employ  Mr.  Howitt  for  several  years  to  come.  1...  H's'o'y 
:rPrLtcraft,  1834,  12nio;  7th  ed.,  18«.  If""' ^2  ll' 
1846,  12mo.  More  than  2I),OUO  copies  sold  tn  1852  14. 
Homes  and  Haunts  of  the  most  Eminent  B-.tlsh  Poets 
Illustrated,  1S47,  2  vols.  Svo;  1849,  2  vols.  8vo;  18d0,  2 
vols  Svo ;  1852,  2  vols.  Svo.  The  author  is  at  the  present 
moment  (Nov.  1856)  preparing  a  new  and  still  more  com- 
pleredit.  of  this  work,  which  will  be  onriched  with  much 

°^"Ev"rv"re''ader  turns  with  pleasure  to  those  passages  of  Horace 
Pope,  and  aiiielu,  which  descrilie  how  they  lived  and  where  they 

Mr.  Hewitt's  motto  on  the  title-page  of  this  work  is  very 

'''^PlI'i'di^luMe  sign  of  their  existence  has  stamped  itself  on 
the  abodes  of  .all  distinguished  men^  a  s.gnwhKh  places  all  ki^^^ 
dred  spirits  in  communion  with  them.  --rAf  C,(i-«.  '-J  •"■"»»'■ 

This  work  was  commended  by  The  Examiner,  The  At- 
las Ac,  and  received  very  faint  commendation  from  the 
Literary  Gazette ;  but  the  AthenaDum  was  much  less  lenient, 

""'Ko°fo'dpir  v^olumes.  not  very  subtle  or  sound  ir,  their  cri- 
ticiiSrrZy^ov^  m  desij.  and  trea^ent    T^ar^- 

Sf'aoTttaf  H  tle''o  1he"™mn7o':,S  There  is  a  fair 

!;*nklngo.- conceit  throughout,  and  there  •>-  -"tii-^.sP",' 
»ges  derived  from  personal  observation,"  4c.-1847,  38-41 ,  05  Ob. 


HOW 

At  this  critique  Mr.  Howitt  felt  himself  greatly  aggrieved, 
and  .so  expressed  himself,  whereupon  the  reviewer  r<>tu'-"ed 
to  the  attack  with  renewed  ardour,  (see  Athena;um.  1S47, 
117-149  )  Other  notices  of  the  work  will  be  iouud  on  pp. 
96,  (a  melancholy  instance  of  bad  temper  and  injustice 
by  a  correspondent  of  the  journal,)  125,  lol,  lio,  .00,  .01, 

^^"  Mr  Howitt  has  indeed  done  something  to  mark  localities  and 

dS^^^d-iiS'SaS-Si'cSif^:^^ 
iS^TKs^r^erssi^'H^SiSi 

if  ?,,,'  nri..  nal  essays,  are.  in  fact,  nothing  more  than  a  collection 

SSk-^.S^^i-tnJc^p^^ 

See  also  Fraser's  Mag.,  xxxv.  210;  Amer.  Whig  Rev., 

"■ll'Lnd,  Labour,  and  Gold;  or.  Two  Yf^rs  in  Victoria 
with  Visits  to  Sydney  and  Van  Diemen  s  Land,  ISdo,  - 

^"iwten  our  author  is  content  with  description,  we  fol'^  his 
1  .,1  with  nk-isure-  when  he  generalizes,  we  lose  our  conhdeuce, 
r„'„r  our'pwI"nre.     ilis  strength  lies  in  a  fresh  »-'  h-rty^^ 

feeiiea  v»  c  ...         Uff^'^—Lon.  AtUfUCeum,  1S65.  ijhS-biU. 

^T6:  1  e  and  Adventures  of  Jack  of  the  MiU,  1S44,  2 
vols   fp   Svo;  1845,  2  vols.  fp.  8vo;  1849,  2  vols  fp.  8vo. 

.  M  .'nowitt  possesses  the  happy  knack  of  »«0'""''f  »''°S  J'^^ 

self  to  the  youthful  mind ;  and  there  can  be  no  qnes  ion  that  hlB 

Jack  of  the  Mill  will  become  a  favourite.' —ion.  Obseivei. 

See  also  Britannia;  Athenanim,  &c. 

17.  Literature  and  Romance  of  Northern  Europe,  1S52, 

2vols.  p.  Svo:   in    conjunction  with   Mary  Howil  .      ihi3 

erudite  work,  tbe  only  complete  one  of  the  kind  in  the 

EnMish  language,  will  be  more  and  more  prized  in  pro- 

p  rtion  as  th°e  tSste  for  Scandinavian  l^'^ntnre  becomes 

generally  diffused  among  scholars  in  Great  Biiain  and 

The  United  States.     It  is  an  excellent  guide  to    be  litera- 

ure  of  Sweden,  Denmark,  Norway,  and   Iceland,  with 

copious    specimens   of   the   histories,   ™™''»7^'   '^Sends, 

dramas,  ballads,  <tc.  of  those  countries.    See  Lon.  Athen- 

""l":  MatrUdngton  of  the  Dene  1851,  3  vols  Svo 
19  Pantika  ;  or.  Traditions  of  Ancient  Times,  1S..D.  -  vols. 
8vo  20.  Rur.al  and  Domestic  Life  of  Germany  ;  with 
Characteristic  Sketches  of  its  Chief  Cities  "■"d  fcenery 
collected  in  a  general  Tour,  and  during  a  Residence  m 
rtat  Country  in  the  Years  1840-42,  1842,  med.  8vo.  \\  th 
above  50  illustrations.  This  vol.  is  commended,  on  the 
whole,  by  tbe  Athena;um  ;  but  it  is  objected  that 

■•Mr.  Howitt  is  too  fond  of  stating  impressions  as  g™<iral  truths^ 
Neither  can  we  recommend  the  reader  to  place  much  rel  ame  on 
hi"  judgment  in  art.  or  his  sweepiog  sketches  ol  literature  and 

°^;;Tvo;;^wbVb';i;ft,dt  «'un;,m  Howitfs  Uteraiy  reputa. 

A  volume  will  o  ,     tbnus.Mids  of  his  countrymen, 

"b;^ti:fS.a;bful -!''.'■?■   ohensive  account  of  a  people 

?o  whSm  they  are  allied  by  a  kindred  language  and  kindred  dis- 

iSisTtioTs.    The  engraved  illustrations  are  perfect  gems  ol  art.'  - 

^""we'thhik  this  work  the  most  interesting  of  any  thing  William 
Uowitt  has  done  It  possesses  all  his  well-known  excel  encies, 
and  derives  f°om  its  subject  the  attracti.m  of  both  novelty  and 

'™:m?bri7f^™tS'ivom  German  opinions  of  this  work 

"'."ThW  au.ho".  wio^t^become  so  celebrated  and  appreciated 
frim  m  inv  of  h  s  works,  has  given  ns,  in  the  above  volume,  an 
extremely  interesting  and  characteristic  description  of  I.ile  m 
Germany,  as  well  as' an  accurate  account  of  the  manners  and 

en.  toms  of  this  country."-^^.:;'.'.  f^"™!™',' Thf^u  hful  fire  of 
••  Howitt.  a  man  of  mature  years,  with  all  the  youlhlul  fire  ol 
poetry  ."nd  humanity,-every  inch  ■•>>' English.iian,-give^  us  he  e 
a  most  ori-inal  work  on  Germany.  He  treats  us  and  ou  ..nan  s 
w  th  such  an  earnestness  of  conviction,  such  a  love  ol  unpai- 
«>mv  such" n  amiable  candour,  that  we  cannot  censure  him, 
but  must  re;pect  what    ho  says."-^!^»em«,>«  ZeMung,  Feb.  5, 

"*  We  return  our  hearty  thanks  to  Howitt,  whose  work  w-e  have 
so  often  quoted,  for  the  extraordinary  accuracy,  freedom,  and 
^iobi  itv  of  sDirit  with  which  he  h:is  set  himself  to  desc  be  the 
m1    ch'IamcteJrand  circumstances  of  our   country.-'-A.in.sc/ul 

''il!  RuraT  U?e'of  England,  1837,  2  vols.  p.  Svo;  1838, 
2  vols.  p.  Svo;  1844,  med.  Svo.  ,..,,,  „rM, 

"  One  of  the  most  beautiful,  vigorous,  fresh,  and  spirited  of  Mr 
Howitfs  productions.  It  is  written  with  good  sense  and  good 
fefliDtr" — Court  Journal. 

■•Admirable,  and  to  English  readers  indispensable,  voumes; 
not  merely  a  charming,  but  an  ennobling  work.  —Lan.  Atlas 

.■There  is  much  that  is  pleasant  and  interesting  in  these 
volumes;  but,  as  a  whole,  they  have  been  over-elaborated.  — 
Lon,  Athnimim.  1838,  63-04. 

•'I  should  have  been  glad  to  have  taken  further  note  of  the 
landscape  of  Theocritus,  on  which  Mr.  Howitt  dwells  with  just 
deli"ht.    Other  parts  of  the  book  will  be  found  very  suggestive 


now 

and  helpful  to  the  reader  nho  cares  to  pursue  the  subject"—  I 
lims.i!i:  Mml.  Painters,  vol,  ui.  jlpp.,  p.  SiT,       °   ^"o  """Jeci. 

See  also  Eclec.  Rev.,  4th  Ser.,  iv.  410 

22.  Stories  of  English  Life;  Bohn's' Illustrated  Lib  , 
vol.  xxi ,  1853,  p.  8yo :  in  conjunction  with  Mary  Howitt. 
23.  \isits  to  Remarkable  Pkces  ;  Old  Halls,  B:iHle-FieMs 
and  Scenery  illustrative  of  Striking  Passages  of  English 
Uistory  and  Poetry.  1st  Series,  1839,  8vo  ;  2d  ed.,  1840 
med.  8vo.  2d  Series,  1841,  med.  Svo.  Both  series  seve- 
ral times  reprinted.  Mr.  Howitt  intends  to  add  several 
more  vols,  to  the  above,  having  copious  materials  on  hand 
yet  unpublished. 

"A  rich  treat  for  all  genuine  lovers  of  literature,  historical  an- 
tiquities, ,ind  natural  scenery:  the  m>,st  deliKhtful  book  which 
JanZ?""  ut^   '"^'"'''°  '""'  f"^"'"''i"—UnUcJ  .'Service  Gtuctle, 

'■  «  ritleu  Kilh  the  enthusiasm  of  a  poet  and  the  knowledce 
of  an  autiijuar.v."— £on.  Mmitldy  ammiclt. 

See  Eclce.  Rev.,  4th  Ser.,  vii.  551;  .xi.  193;  Fraser's 
Mag.,  x.viu.  725;  Athenajum,  1840,  34-36 ;  Bost.  Chris. 
E.Yam.,  X.K.X.  174.  24.  Year-Book  of  the  Country,  1850, 
p.  Svo;  1852,  p.  Svo.  ' 

Translations  from  the  Gehman.  25.  Peter  Schlem- 
ihl;  from  AklelbcrtVon  Chamisso  ;  German  and  En<r- 
lish,  1843,  16mo.  26.  The  Student-Life  of  Germany  ; 
from  the  unpublished  MSS.  of  Dr.  Cornelius,  1841   med 

rW  ii"  "•"'■''  "."^  """"'"  '■'"■  ""''  ••"  "'«  solicitation 
ot  Mr.  Howitt.  It  contains  nearly  forty  of  the  most 
famous  songs  of  the  German  students,  in  German  and 
bnghsh,  with  the  original  music,  adapted  to  the  piano- 
lurte  by  Herr  Winkelmeyer.  This  work  was  sharply 
criticized  in  England;  but  in  Germany  it  has  been  highly 
commended.  Some  of  the  habits  of  some  of  the  German 
students  are  not  the  most  refined  iu  the  world:  but  that 
is  not  Mr.  Howitt's  fault.  See  Edcc.  Rev.,  4lh  Ser  ,  327  • 
n^irrn  'p"";  *","  \  ^.''■'■''  •■  Examiner  ;  N.  Amer.  Rev.; 
i/  V  V  °,-  Pf''''"">>'')  '"•  ^30;  Bost.  Chris.  Exam.,  xxii! 
11;  N.  iork  Democratic  Rev.,  x.  238. 

27.  The  Wanderings  of  the  Journeyman  Tailor  through 
Europe  and  the  East,  1824-40;  from  the  German  (3d  ed  ) 
of  P.  D.  Holthaus,  1844,  fp.  Svo  ;  1849,  fp.  Svo.  ' 

SJ:"",^'?^^  "'"'''' '°  ^P"'"'  ■"■«  '"'^s'  not  bad  so  interestine  a 
wondei-bouk  for  years."— ion.  Chris.  Eefurmur  "'e-^esunj,  a 

28.  Univers.al  Hist,  of  Magic;  from  the  German  of  Dr. 
Joseph  Ennemoser.  To  which  is  added  an  appendix  of 
apparitions,  dreams  second-sight,  somn.ambi  ism,  Ac, 
selected    by  Mary   Howitt.      Bohns   Scientific    Library 

win  r"''  .f"-'  P-  ^"''  '^^■*-  I"  "'''*  translation,  made 
whilst  on  his  voyage  to  Australia,  Mr.  Howitt  was  us- 
istcd  by  his  eldest  son.  The  character  of  Ennemosc^s 
work  IS  well  known  to  the  German  schol.ar.  Mr.  How  tt 
has  long  contemplated  the  publication  of  a  history  of  (he 
Life  and  Times  of  George  Fox;  hut  whether  it  will  ever 
see  the  ight  is  perhaps  doubtful.  In  addition  o  ,he 
works  above  noticed,  he  is  the  author  of  the  article 
"Quakers  m  the  7th  edit,  of  the  Encyclopedia  Br  ,n! 
mca,  many  pieces  m  The  Literary  Souviniis  The  Am„H 
Ac,  and,  m  conjunction  with  Mary  Howitt,  edited,  for  the 

^ZJTV  "'  ",'  "^""''""■■""■^.  (1847-19,3  vols.  r.  Svo,) 
Howitt  s  Journal,  a  periodical  which  started  with  a  cir 
culation  01  30  000  copies.  It  was  purchased  by  the  owne; 
a  ci^nrr'  f  '  ■^"T"''  ("f  ""^''^  M---  """"t  had  been 

^tsStf't^r^it'ir^!-!:"'^"'^-'  ^-"-  "^^^^^ 

We  have  quoted  many  opinions  respecting  Mr.  Howitt's 
merits  and  demerits  as  a  writer,  but  are  obliged  to  wh 
hold  many  more  from  want  of  space.  Whils!  we  ar"  far 
from  deeming  him  infallible,  and  consider  that  in  Ms 
h^rs  ^t  Ume"t  ''iT  <"^  '■^  ^"1'""^^^^  "■^  imbHc  mind 

^tu?^^!::^f::^:x:>^t™=!-rr 
^i:^p^:rwiiL;:-rif-.:--^;;,;:!iij 

heir  extirpation.  I  might  as  well  blame  a  neighbour  Z 
apprumg  me  that  my  house  was  on  fire,  because  he  failed 
L  le  ,'''''""''^f'r'y°f'''="'^""'^°J«°f<'-^ti"guih^ 
presence  of  disease,  unless  he  undertook  at  the  sa„,n 
moment  to  arrest  its  course.  With  tho  excep  io  the" 
fore,  hmlcd  at  above,  many  of  our  co,  ntrymen  and 
countrywomen  will  unite  with  tho  eommendatioTof  our 
highest  literary  authority  •  "uauon  ot  our 

mr;s,7ipSiiheiamo';;rur'T{?-?r'^'"^H"'""'""'''^^ 

has  hee^  m  de^tfu?;;om  "n^"!!!  X,:;^5Si!  '^^""^  "'^'  "" 


HOY 


In. the  last  quarter  of  a  century  (few  authors  have  been 
able  so  long  to  command  the  uniliminished  interest  of  a 
novelty-loving  public)  many  kind  things  have  been  said 
of  William  and  Mary  H(,witt;  but  we  doubt  if  any 
tribute  18  more  highly  prized  than  that  of  Christopher 
North,  recorded  in  the  5Cth  Number  of  Noctes  Ambro- 
siana;,  April,  1831:  see  Blackwood's  Magazine,  xxix 
699-700.  See  also  the  same  periodical,  xxiv.  674-075  • 
xxxviii.  300-301.  <t-u,j, 

Ilowldy,  Thomas.  Electricity;  Nic. Jour.,  1813-16 

Hewlett,  Bait.  1.  Views  in  Lincoln,  Lon.,  1S08. 
imp^  4to.     2.  Plan,  ie.  of  St.  Denys,  1811,  4to. 

Hewlett,  John,  an  assumed  name  of  Robert  Par- 
sons or  Persons,  the  Jesuit. 

Howlett,  John,  Vicar  of  Great  Dunmow,  Essex,  d. 
1804,  pub.  several  works  on  Population,  Agriculture, 
Tithes  Poor-Rates.  the  Corn  Trade,  ic,  1776-1801,  for  a 
list  of  which  see  Watt's  Bibb  Brit,  and  McCulloch's  Lit. 
of  Poht.  Econ. 

ro!,'^^"nf''" '";!'??"'•*'■''   '"''.  •■•''"i'.v,  correct  information,  and 
good  sense.  — McCuLLOCH  :  u/<i  a(/;o-(I 

Howlett,  Rev.  John  Henry.  1.  Instructions  in 
Reading  the  Liturgy,  Lon.,  1826,  Svo.  2.  Metrical  Chro- 
noh5gy  ;  5th  ed.,  Camb.,  1855,  p.  8vo.     Other  works. 

Howley,  William,  D.D.,  1765-1848,  a  native  of 
Ropley,  Hampshire,  entered  of  New  College,  Oxford 
li83;  elected  Fellow,  17S5;  Canon  of  Christ  Church 
]IA'  J^'^S'usP'-of.  of  Divinity,  1809;  Bishop  of  London 
1S13 ;  Archbishop  of  Canterbury,  1S2S.  His  lordship  pub! 
a  few  Sermons  Charges,  ic,  1802-44.  See  Lon.  Gent. 
Mag.,  April,  1848. 

Hownian,  Roger,  M.D.,  of  Norwich.  Two  med. 
papers  in  Phil.  Trans.,  lf^S4,  1724. 

Howorth,  ]»Irs.     Killer's  Poems  in  English,  1794 
^  Howorth,  Wm.    Serms.,  Lon.,  1S39,  12mo:    Other 

Hows,  John  W.  S.,  b.  1797,  in   London,  England, 

Prof,  of  Oratory  in  Columbia  Coll.,  N.  York,   from   1S43 

I  to  the  present  time,  1856.     1.  The  Shaksperian  Reader, 

I  r-^'T^,^,!^V^™°'  ^^^'^'  '2">"'  2.  Practical  Elocu! 
^T^f'}^'^^'  '2mo  ;  6th  ed.,  Phila.,  1S55,  I2mo. 
,,  the  Selections  evince  very  givat  taste  .ind  jud-uient  while 
A^J^l^L  '^  """"i  "-^  '^'  »«™'Plished  editor  cinirot  f"i  of  pr^ 
dncing  the  happiest  results.  The  volume  has  been  adODted  ,s  » 
text-book  in  Columbia  College."_Clns.  Antiion   LL  D     * 

Mr.  Hows    edited  The  Modern  Standard   Drama,  Ac 
Albir"^     ''  ^"^'"^  ^'^"^  dramatic  critic  of  the  (N.  York) 

Howse,  Isaac.     Mayors' Courts,  ic,  Lon.,  17''9  fol 
Howship,  John.     Medical  treatises.  Lon.,  1816 '  'I7' 
Howson,   John,   1556-1631,   a   native  of   Loii'doni 
educated  at  Christ  Church.   Oxford;    Bishop  of  Oxford 
1619     trans,  to  Durham,  1628.     He  was  the  author   of  a 
number  of  serms.  pub.   1597-1661:  and  lour  of  his  dis- 
courses against  the  supremacy  of  St.  Peter  were  pub.  in 
1622,  4to    by  order  of  King  James  I.,  "to  clear  the  asper- 
6  ons  laid  up.ui  h.m  of  favouring  popery."     See  Bl  ss's 
WorthL       ■"•  °"''°-'    "•"^■'^'"^""■^  Durham jEulto's 
'■  Leaving  behind  him  the  character  of  a  verv  learned  iriii,   „,,,» 

;r;^r  ^'/.l^i^;;^'^:^ -^- <^- -'- =^^^^ 

Colh-^yf °t''  r?^"  **'*"''   P'-i"'^iP«l  of  the  Liverpool 
Colegiate   Institution.      1    Eternal   Life   through    Christ 

Sv^^    0   Tr""'S    ^"''    E'^^^y  '"•■    IS-"'   Cainb.,   1842, 

1846   IS,!'",   t"T-  T   ""'"'  ""''  ^^"''  "''I'il^.   l-on- 
1S46   18mo.     3.  Twelve  Serms.  for  Family  Readin.     1849 

l'"mo     -5  ^./"^'- "f  ".- W^Ji'^rancani'a  Lcctur?;  Isls! 

W     T        O^^K      '""^  ?'"',"'!  "f  ^''  P""'  ••    ^''^  CONVBEARE 

".J.     Of  this   most  valuable  work   a  new  edit,  has  iust 
apfieared,  Lon.,  1S56,  2  vols.  sq.  cr.  Svo,  pn    l^s" 

Howson,  Robert,  Rector  of  Stanfor"d-Dino-ley 
Berks,  an,  Lecturer  of  St.  Nicholas  Cole-Abbey,  LuidoT 
1.  Scrm.,  Jan.  1    1698,  Lon.,  4to.     2.  Serra.,  I7O3,  Svo 

Howson,  Wm.  An  llhistrated  Guide  to  the  Cu- 
riosities of  Craven,  Lon.,  1850,  I2mo 

Hoxton,  t'apt.  Walter.  Agitation  of  the  Ma-metio 
Needle  in  a  Voyage  from  Maryland;  Phil.  TnuiL,  f:^39 

Hoy,  James.     Paper  iu  Trans.  Linn.  Soc,  1813 

lloy,  Thomas.     Essays,  and  a  Poem,  1682,  '83 
^  Hoy,  Ihomas.     Papers  in  Trans.  Linn.  Soc,  1793, 

Hoyland,  Rev.  Mr.     I.  Odes,  Edin.,  1785,  4to     2 
Poems,  Slrawbeirv  Hill,  1796    4to 

Wori?'""H^  i''°r''!'.-    r}-  ^''"°""'  <"■   "=«  «i-''-  of  the 
World.     2.  Hist.  of  the  Gypsies,  York,  1816,  Svo. 

Sef^Jlin'Re,':":- ^:;-o.  ''"'""^'   '""'■•  '""-  -"''  ■''•  *- 
Hoyle,  Edmuud,  1672-1769,  pub.  several  works  on 


IIOY 


nuD 


Games,  1744-61,  of  which  there  have  hecn  many  edit?. 
There  have  been  three  new  edit?,  pub.  in  London  in  the 
last  three  years,  viz.:  1.  1853,  ISino,  improved  and  en- 
larged by  G.  H..  pub.  by  Simpkin  ;  2.  1854,  32mo,  pub. 
by  Allraau  ;  .'!.  1S55,  .52mo;  Hoyle'a  Games  made  Familiar, 
by  Eidrah  Trebnr;  llth  ed.,  pub.  by  Ward  and  Locke. 

Hoyle,  John.     Dictionary  of  Mu.sic,  Lon.,  1791,  Svo. 

Hoylc,  Thomas,  Jr.     Pot-Ash  ;  Nic.  Jour.,  1738. 

Hoyt,  E.  Ai.tiquarian  Researches;  or,  Hist,  of  the 
Indian  Wars,  Greenfield,  Mass. 

Hoyt,  J.  B.  A  Pastor's  Tribute  to  his  People;  or, 
Serms.  upon  various  Sulijects,  Norwich,  N.  York,  1851, 
12mo. 

Hoyt,  Ralph,  Rector  of  the  Episcop.il  Church  of  the 
Good  Siiepherd,  New  York,  and  a  native  of  that  city,  has 
gained  considerable  reputation  as  a  poet,  and  "  golden 
opinions"  by  his  persevering,  self-denying  Christian 
labours.  1.  The  Chaunt  of  Life,  and  other  Poems,  1844. 
2.  Part  Second  of  the  Chaunt  of  Life,  Ac.  3.  Sketches  of 
Life  and  Landscape.  1859.  pub.  for  the  benefit  of  the  author's 
new  church-edifice.  Specimens  of  Mr.  Hoyt's  poetry  will 
be  found  in  Griswold's  Poets  and  Poetry  of  America,  and 
in  Duyckincks*  Cyc.  of  Anicr.  Lit.  Sec  also  Poe's  Literati ; 
South.  Quar.  Rev.,  xvi.  224 ;  N.  Haven  Church  Rev.,  i.  274. 

Hoyte,  Henry.    Conversion  of  Soils,  Lon.,  1801,  4to. 

Hubbaclt,  Mrs.,  a  niece  of  Jane  Austen,  the  au- 
thoress, is  also  known  as  a  successful  novelist.  1.  The 
Three  Marriages.  2.  May  and  December.  3.  The  Younger 
Sister.  1850,  3  vols.  p.  Svo.  4.  The  Wife's  Sister;  or. 
The  Forbidden  Marriage,  1851,  3  vols.  p.  Svo.  5.  The 
Old  Vicarage,  1856,  3  vols.  p.  Svo. 

Hubback,  John.  Treat,  on  the  Evidence  of  Suc- 
cession to  Property  and  Peerages,  Lon.,  1844,  r.  Svo.  An 
able  work.     See  2  Law  Mag.,  N.  S.,  409 ;  26  Leg.  Obs. 

Hubbard,  F'ather.  Tales;  or.  The  Ant  .and  the 
Nightingale,  1604,  4to.  Bl.  letter.  A''ery  rare.  Bindley, 
Pt.  4,  722,  £13  10s.;  resold.  Perry,  Pt.  1,  185S,  £10  5s. 

Hubbard,  Bcnj.     Navigation,  Lon.,  1656,  Svo. 

Hubbard,  I'ordycc  M.  1.  New  ed.  of  Dr.  Jere- 
miah Belknap's  American  Biography,  N.  York,  1842, 
3  vols.  ISmo.  See  a  list  of  contents  in  Rich's  Bibl.  Amer. 
Nova,  .\i.  363.  2.  Life  of  Wm.  R.  D.avie,  Gov.  of  N.  Car- 
olina, pub.  in  Sparks's  Amer.  Biog.,  2d  Ser.  .w.  1-135. 

Hubbard,  Geo.  The  City  Tribute;  or.  Honest  Effu- 
sions of  Love  and  Liberty,  Lon.,  1810,  Svo. 

Hubbard,  H.  Ixion,  and  other  Poems,  Best.,  1852, 
12mo. 

Hubbard,  Henry.     Serm.,  Camb..  1750,  4to. 

Hubbard,  John,  a  Dissenting  minister.  Two  Serms. 
at  Coward's  Lecture,  Lon.,  1729,  Svo.  Nine  of  his  serms. 
are  in  the  Berry  St.  (Coward's  Lect.)  Serms.,  2d  ed.,  1739, 
2  vols.  Svo. 

Hubbard,  J.  G.  1.  Vindication  of  a  Fixed  Duty  on 
Corn,  Ac,  Lon.,  1842,  Svo.  2.  The  Currency  and  the 
Country,  1843,  Svo. 

"  A  valuable  tract  in  favour  of  a  single  bank  of  issue.'' — McCul- 
lech's  Lit.  of  Petit.  Boon.,  184. 

Hubbard,  J.  P.     British  Marble;  Nic.  Jour.,  1810. 

Hubbard,  Rev.  John  C,  of  Surrey,  d.  1805.  1. 
Jac(d)iuisni ;  a  Pneni.     2.  Triumphs  of  Poesy,  1803. 

Hubbard,  Joseph  .S.,  b.  1823,  at  New  Haven,  Conn., 
now  Prof,  of  Mathematics  in  U.S.  Navy,  has  contributed 
to  the  Astronomical  Journal,  (Cambridge,  Mass.,)  and  to 
other  ]>eriodicals. 

Hubbard,  Leverett,  M.D.  Hist,  of  a  Gangrene  of 
the  Scrutuui  ;  Memoirs  Med..  1792. 

Hubbard,  William.  The  Tragicall  and  Lament.able 
Historic  of  two  faythfull  Mates  Ceyx,  Kyngeof  Thrachine, 
and  Alcione  his  Wife,  drawen  into  English  Meeter,  Lon., 
1569,  Ifimo.  See  Gelding's  trans,  of  the  Xllh  Book  of 
Ovid's  Metamorphoses;  Warton's  Hist,  of  Eng.  Poet. ; 
Ritson's  Bibl.  Poet. 

Hubbard,  William,  1621-1704,  minister  of  Ipswich, 
Mass.,  graduated  at  Harvard  College  in  the  first  class, 
1642.  1.  Election  Serm.,  Bost.,  1676:  an  excellent  pro- 
duction. 2.  A  Narrative  of  the  Tr<iublcs  with  the  Indians 
from  1607-77,  with  a  Discourse,  1677,  4to.  With  a  map 
of  New  England:  now  often  wanting  in  copies.  (See 
Rich's  Cat.  of  Books,  1500-1600,  p.  102.)  Lon.,  1677,  sm. 
8to;  Worcester,  Mass.,  1801,  Svo.  3.  Fast  Serm.,  1682. 
4.  Funl.  Discourse  on  Gen.  Denison,  1684.  5.  A  Testimony 
to  the  order  of  the  Gospel  in  the  Churches  of  N.  England, 
1701 ;  with  Mr.  Higginson.  Hubbard  left  in  MS.  A  General 
Hist,  of  N.  Engl.and  from  the  Discovery  to  1680,  which 
was  pub.  by  the  Mass.  Hist.  Soc.,  Camb.,  1815,  Svo,  pp. 
676,  For  the  preparation  of  this  history  the  State  paid 
him  £50.     For  much  of  the  most  important  portion  of  the 


earlier  annals  he  was  indebted  to  Winthrop's  MS.  Jour- 
nal; and  Hubbard's  MS.,  in  turn,  was  of  great  service  to 
Mather,  Prince,  Hutchinson,  Holmes,  Ac. : 

"To  style,  indeed.  Hubbard  bas  in  tins  woik  afforded  little  at 
tention,  or  rather  has  eniploycd  seveial  modes  of  composition  in 
his  dilTerent  t-hapters,  here  dilating  in  a  careful  exaniinatioD  of 
events  and  discussion  of  principles,  there  confining  himself  to  the 
most  meagre  manner  of  the  humblest  diary.  But  his  skill  may 
be  .ascertained  from  his  election  sermon,  [1676.]  which  no  work 
of  the  two  next  gener-ltions  surpassed.  .  .  .  Hubbard's  claims  as 
the  historian  of  the  great  war  of  1675-76  are  universally  acknow- 
ledged, for  three  editions  have  made  his  Indian  Wars  Well  known." 
— .lAMES  Savage,  i^cs'i  of  Ihc  Mass.  Hist.  Soc. ;  A".  Amer.  Jiev.,  ii. 
221-230. 

'•In  a  word,  he  is  learned  without  ostentation  and  vanity,  and 
gives  all  his  productions  such  a  delicate  turn  and  grace,  (as  is 
seen  in  his  printed  Sermons  and  History  of  the  Indian  Wars.) 
that  the  features  and  lineaments  of  the  Child  make  a  cU«ir  dis- 
covery and  distinction  of  the  Father:  yet  is  he  a  man  of  singular 
modesty,  of  strict  morals,  and  has  done  as  much  for  the  conver- 
siou  of  the  Indians  as  most  men  in  England." — Ji>/tn  Dimton's 
Life  ayid  Ej-rirrs.  ed.  1818.  i.  133-134,  q.  v.  for  a  favourable  ac- 
count of  the  worthy  divine's  love  of  hospitality  and  good  botiks. 

See  also  Hutchinson;  Holmes;  Hist.  Collec.  of  JIass. 

Hubbell,  Slartha  Stone,  1814-1851!,  a  native  of 
Oxford,  Conn.,  and  a  daughter  of  Noah  Stone,  M.D.,  was 
married  to  the  Rev.  Stephen  Hubbell  in  1S32.  At  the  time 
of  her  decease  she  was  a  resident  of  North  Stonington, 
Conn.  Mrs.  Hubbell  wrote  a  number  of  Childien's  Stories 
for  the  Atnerican  and  Mass.  Sunday-School  Union,  and 
the  following  work,  of  which  40,000  copies  were  sold  within 
a  year  after  its  publication  :  The  .Shady  Side ;  or,  Life  in 
a  Country  Parsonage,  by  a  Pastor's  Wife,  Ilost.,  1853, 
12nio. 

"Life  in  a  Country  Parsonage  in  the  States  appears  to  be  as 
pretty  a  martyrdom  as  the  world  has  now  to  show." — Lon.  Athtn- 
(tum.  18,i3.  p.  616. 

Hubbert,  Thomas.  A  Pill  to  purge  Formality,  Lon., 
1650,  sui.  Svo. 

Hubbcrthorne,  Riehard.  1.  A  True  Testimony  of 
the  Zeal  of  Oxford  Professors  and  University  Men,  Lon., 
1654,  4to.  2.  A  Collection  of  bis  several  Books  and  Writ- 
ings, Lon.,  1663.  4to. 

Hubbocke,  Wm.  1.  Serm.,  Lon.,  1595,  Svo.  2.  Ora- 
tion gratulatorie  to  K.  James,  Oxf,  1604,  4to.  King  and 
Loehee's,  in  1814,  £5  15«.  &d.  Reprinted  from  the  copy  in 
the  Bodleian  Library,  in  Nichols's  Progresses  of  K.  James. 

Hubert,  Sir  Francis.  1.  Historie  of  Edward  IL, 
Lon.,  1628,  '29,  Svo.  This  epic  poem,  according  to  the 
Bibl.  Anglo-Poet.,  (q.  v.,]  was  written  by  Richard  Hubert, 
.and  Sir  Francis,  his  brother,  was  only  the  editor  of  the 
2d  edit.  2.  Egypt's  Favourite ;  a  Poem,  1631,  Svo.  See 
Bibl.  Anglo-Poet.;  Lowndes's  BiW.  Man.;  Lon.  Gent. 
Mag.,  1824. 

Hubert,  J.,  or  Huberts,  A.  Corner-Stone  towards 
a  new  seat  of  Physicians  in  London,  Lon.,  1675,  4to. 

Hubert,  or  Forges,  Robert.  Catalogue  of  many 
Naturjil  Rarities,  Lon.,  1664,  '65,  ]2mo.  See  an  account 
of  this  collection  (destroyed  in  the  great  fire  of  1666)  in 
Hawkins's  Hist,  of  Music,  iv.  378. 

Hubly,  Barnard,  of  Pennsylvania.  Hist,  of  the 
American  Revolution. 

Hnch,  Richard,  M.D.,  Physician  to  the  Army,  d. 
1785.     Papers  in  Med.  Obs.  and  Inq.,  1767. 

Huckell,  Rev.  John.     Avon;  a  Poem,  1811,  12mo. 

Hucks,  J.  1.  Pedestrian  Tour  through  North  Wales, 
Lon.,  1795,  12mo.     2.  Poems,  1798,  12mo. 

Huddart,  Capt.  Joseph,  1741-1816,  pub.  A  Sketch 
of  the  Straits  of  G:isper,  Lon.,  17SS,  Svo,  several  charts, 
and  papers  in  Phil.  Trans,  and  Nic.  Jour.,  1777-1S05.  A 
Memoir  of  Capt.  H.  was  privately  printed  in  1821,  4to. 

Huddesford,  G.  Reply  to  a  Pamphlet  in  Defence 
of  the  Rector,  Ac.  of  Exeter  College,  Oxf.,  1655,  Ito. 

Huddesford,  George,  a  humorous  poet.  1.  Topsy- 
Turvy  :  Anecdotes,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1790,  Svo.  2.  Salmagund'i : 
Original  Poems,  1793,  Svo.  3.  Poems;  including  Salma- 
gundi, Topsy-Turvy,  Bubble  .and  Squeak,  and  Crambe  Ro- 
petita,  with  Corrections  and  original  Addits.,  1801,  2  vols. 
Svo.  See  Lon.  Month.  Rev.,  xxxviii.  272-276.  4.  Les 
Ch.ampignons  du  Diable,  or  Imperial  Mushrooms ;  a  Mock- 
Heroic  Poem  in  five  Cantos,  1805,  12mo.  5.  Wiccamical 
Chaplet :  a  Selection  of  Original  Poetry,  1S05,  cr.  Svo ; 
Lowndes  s.ays  1804,  cr.  Svo.  Many  of  these  pieces  are  by 
the  editor.  The  title  Tnccnnn'co/ denotes  the"  fact  that  the 
contributors  were  educated  at  Winchester  School,  which 
was  founded  by  William  of  Wickham. 

"  The  Wiccamical  effusions  manifest  great  sportiveness  of  genius, 
and  no  inconsiderable  portion  of  that  'Broadgi-in'  which  in  the 
present  age  is  preferred  to  merely  elegant  poetry."— ion.  ilmtli 
Rev.,  xlix.  201-205,  q.  v.. 

Huddesford,  Wm.,  D.D.,  d.  1772,  Principal  of  Trin. 
Coll.,  Oxf     1,  Catalogus  Librorum  manuscriptorum  Viri 


IIUD 


HUG 


clarissimi  Antonio  a  Wood,  Oxf.,  1761,  Svo.  2.  Martini 
Lister,  M.D.,  Historioe,  sive  Synopsis  Conchylionum  et  Ta- 
bularum  Anatomicarum :  Editio  altera,  Ac,  Oxf.,  1770,  fol. 
3.  Lives  of  Leland,  Hearue,  Antiiony  a  Wood,  &c.,  1772, 
2  vols.  Svo. 

Huddleston,  John.  Infant  Baptism.  Lon.,  1769,  Svo. 
Iluddlei^toii,  John.      Speecli  in   II.  of  Commons, 
1805,  Svo. 
Huddleston,  Lawrence.    Boats;  Nic.  Jour.,  1703. 
Huddleston,   Robert,   1776-l!i27,  a  Seotch   anti- 
quary.    New  ed.  of  loland's  Hist,  of  tlio  Druids,  Mon- 
trose, 1814,  Svo. 

Huddleston,  Wm.,  Eector  of  Navenden,  Kent,  for- 
merly a  Benedictine  monk.  Scrm.  [Recantation]  on  1  Kings 
xxii.  21.  22,  Lon.,  1729,  Svo. 

Huddleston,  Wm.,  Vicar  of  Tirley,  Gloucestershire. 
Divine  Truths  Vindicated  in  the  Ch.  of  Eng.,  Lon.,  1733, 
Svo. 

Hudleston,  Richard,  a  Benedictine  monk.  A  Short 
and  Plain  Way  to  the  Faith  and  Church  :  with  Charles  II. 's 
Papers  found  "in  his  Closet  after  his  Death,  Lon.,  168S,  4to. 
Hudlcy,  George.    Trade  Winds;  Phil.  Trans.,  1735. 
Hudson,  Mrs.     See  Don.\t,  Mrs. 
Hudson,  Kcv.  Charles,  and  Eduard   Shirley 
Kennedy.     Where  there's  a  Will  there's  a  Way  :  an  As- 
cent of  Mont  Blanc  by  a  New  Route,  and  without  Guides, 
Lon.,  1856,  p.  Svo.     Commended  by  the  Lon.  Athenteum; 
and  see  also  Westm.  Rev.,  Oct.  1S56. 

Hudson,  F.  Monumental  Brasses  of  Northampton- 
sbire,  Lon.,  1853,  imp.  fol.  90  engravings  executed  in 
bronze,  being  a  new  process,  presenting  fac-similes  of  the 
brasses  described. 

Hudson,  Henry,  an  eminent  English  navigator, 
respecting  whom  particulars  will  be  found  in  the  authori- 
ties cited  below,  whilst  returning,  in  the  spring  of  1611, 
from  the  discovery  of  the  bay  which  bears  his  name,  was 
set  adrift  in  a  shallop,  with  his  son  and  seven  sailors,  by 
his  mutinous  crew.  They  were  never  heard  from  again. 
1.  Divers  Voyages  and  Northern  Discoveries,  1607.  2.  A 
Second  Voyage  for  finding  a  Passage  to  the  East  Indies 
by  the  North-East,  1608.  See  Purchas's  Pilgrimcs,  vol.  iii. ; 
Descriptio  ac  Delineatio  geographica  Detectionis  Freti, 
sive  Transitos  ad  Occasum,  supra  Terras  Americanas, 
Amst.,  1612,  4to;  Life  of  Hudson,  in  Biog.  Brit,  iv.  2691- 
2695  ;  do.,  by  Henry  E.  Clevel.and.  in  Sparks's  Amcr.  Biog., 
1st  Ser.,  X.  185-261.  A  Life  of  Hudson,  for  juvenile  readers, 
by  the  Rev.  Francis  L.  Hawks.  D.D.,  has  been  recently  pub. 
by  D.  Appleton  &  Co.,  of  New  York.  Respecting  Hudson's 
explorations,  accounts  will  be  found  in  several  of  the  au- 
thorities noted  by  us  in  our  life  of  Sir  John  Franklin  in 
this  Dictionary. 

"The  heroic  but  unfortunate  Iludsoa: — one  of  the  brightest 
n.-tmes  in  the  history  of  English  maiilime  adventure." — Edward 
£verctt's  Orotinn  on  oc'.asio/t  o/the  InaiKjuraiion  of  the  Dudley  As- 
trotio}iiical  Ob^rrralort/  at  Alhanij,  Aug.  28,  1S56. 

Hudson,  Henry.  The  Hours :  in  Four  Idylls,  1818, 
Svo. 

Hudson,  Henry  Norman,  b.  Jan.  28.  ISll.in  Corn- 
wall, Addison  county,  Vermont,  graduated  at  Middlebury 
Coll.,  1840;  ordained  a  clergyman  of  the  Protestant  Episco- 
pal Church,  by  Bishop  Whittingham,  in  Trinity  Church,  N. 
York,  1849.  1.  Lectures  on  Shakspeare,  N.  York,  1848,  2 
vols.  12mo  ;  2d  ed.  in  same  year.  These  admirable  lectures 
were  delivered,  in  1843  and  several  following  years,  in  the 
principal  cities  of  the  United  States.  See  N.  Amer.  Rev., 
Ixvii.  84,  (by  E.  P.  Whipple;)  Chris.  Exam.,  xlv.  .lOS,  (by 
C.  A.  Bartol;)  Amer.  Whig  Rev.,  viii.  39,  (by  G.  W.  Peck;) 
Amer.  Lit.  Mag.,  ii.  387  ;  Democratic  Rev.,  xvi.  412.  2. 
The  Works  of  William  Shakspeare:  The  Text  carefully 
restored  according  to  the  First  Editions;  with  Introduc- 
tions, Notes,  Original  and  Selected,  and  a  Life  of  the  Poet, 
Munroe  A  Co.,  Best.,  1851-56,  11  vols.  16mo.  As  regards 
size  and  print,  this  edition  is  modelled  upon  the  favourite 
one  in  England  known  as  the  Chiswick  Edition.  It  eon- 
tains  all  the  Plays,  Poems,  and  Sonnets  of  Shakspeare. 
We  have  several  commendations  before  us  of  I^lr.  Hudson's 
editorial  labours,  but  have  space  for  the  following  only : 

''  There  is  every  probability  that  as  soon  as  Mr.  Hudson's  Shak- 
Bpe.ire  becomes  known,  as  it  well  deserves  to  be,  in  this  country, 
it  will  meet  with  no  inconsiderable  amount  of  patronage  here." — 
^'ew  ^London)  Quarterly  Recievi. 

"Mr.  Verplanck  has  brought  tlie  treasures  of  a  various  and  re- 
condite learning,  with  no  common  share  of  critical  s.igacity,  to 
tlie  illustration  of  Shak3pe.ire.  Following  in  the  samp  direction, 
but  striking  out  a  new  path,  i\Ir.  Hudson  has  enriched  the  Htcra- 
tiire  of  our  language  with  the  fruits  of  Ins  studios,  mastering  the 
riifliculties  of  the  poet  with  wonderful  ingenuity,  seizing  the 
spirit  of  his  characterization  with  kindred  subtlety,  and,  in  a  sin- 
gularly nervous  and  racy  style,  presenting  some  of  the  finest  spe- 


cimens of  critical   analysis   of   which   anv  modern   writer  can 
boast." 

Mr.  Hudson  has  been  a  contributor  to  the  Church  Re- 
view, the  American  Whig  Review,  and  (he  Democratic 
Review,  and  in  1850  pub.  a  Scrm.  entitled  Old  Wine  in 
Old  Bottles.  In  1857  he  originated  and  edited  the  Ame- 
rican Church  Monthly,  pub.  in  N.  York. 

Hudson,  J.  C.  1.  Plain  Directions  for  Making  Wills; 
4th  ed..  1S3S,  fp.  Svo  ;  9th  ed.  pub.  2.  Executor's  Guide, 
Lon.,  1838,  fp.  Svo.  New  cd.,  1854,  fp.  Svo.  3.  Tables 
for  Valuing  Annuities,  Ac;  2d  ed.,  1842,  Svo.  4.  Parent's 
Handbook,  1842,  fp.  Svo.  Mr.  Hudson's  works  are  of 
great  value. 

Hudson,  J.  W.  History  of  Education,  Lon.,  1851,8vo. 
Hudson,  John,  1662-1719,  a  native  of  Cumberland, 
educated  at  Queen's  Coll.,  Oxf.,  is  known  by  his  excellent 
edits,  of  Thucydides,  Oxon.,  1696,  fid.;  Minor  Greek 
Geographers,  1698-1712,  4  vols.  Svo,  and  in  6  vols.  Svo; 
Dionysius  Halic.arnassus,  1704,  2  vols.  fol. ;  Esop's  Fables, 
171.8,  Svo;  Josephu.s,  1720,  2  vols,  fol.;  and  other  works. 
See  Biog.  Brit. ;  Anthony  Hall's  preface  to  the  Joscphus  ; 
Athen.  Oxon.;  Dibdin's  Greek  and  Latin  Classics ;  Dib- 
din's  Lib.  Comp. ;  llallam's  Lit.  Hist,  of  Europe,  ed.  1S54, 
iii.  251 ;  H.  G.  Bohn's  Genl.  Cat.,  1848,  Pt.  2,  522,  539; 
Lon.  Gent.  Mag.  for  1734,  vol.  iv.  553. 

Hudson,  Joseph.  Six  Y'ears'  Residence  in  Hud- 
son's Bay,  1733-36  and  1744-47,  Lon.,  1752,  Svo.  A  cood 
book. 

Hudson,  Michael.     Government,  Lon.,  1647,  Svo. 
Hudson,  Richard.     Land-Valuer's  Assistant,  Lon., 
1781,  12mo. 

Hudson,  Samuel.  1.  Visible  Catholick  Churcli, 
Lon..  1645,  4to.     2.  Vindication  of  the  same,  1650,  4to. 

Hudson,   Thomas.     The   Ilistorie  of    Judith,  in 
forme  of  a  Poeme.     Trans,  from  Du  Bartas,  Lon.,  1584, 
Svo;    1611,  4to.     Some  extracts  from  his  poems  will  be 
found  in  England's  Parnassus.     See  Brydges's  Phillips's 
Theat.  Poet.  Anglic,  220;    Drake's  Shakspeare  and  his 
Times. 
Hudson,  Thomas.     Odes,  1759,  '61,  '65. 
Hudson,  W.  E.,  d.  1853.     1.  Statute  Law  of  Ireland 
and  Eug.,  Dubl.,  1S29,  Svo. 
"  A  learned  and  admirable  treatise.'' — 1  Leg.  Hep.  244. 
2.  Elective  Franchise,  Dubl.,  1832,  12mo.      3.  In  con- 
junction with  John  Brooke.  Irish  K.  B.  and  Exchec).  Re- 
ports, 1827-28,  vol.  i.  and  3  Pts.  of  vol.  ii.,  Dubl.,  1829-35. 
Hudson,  Wm.,  1730  ?-1793,  a  native  of  Westmore- 
land, was  one  of  the  first  English  botanists  who  adopted 
the  Linnsean  .System.     Flora  Anglica,  Lon.,  1762,  8to. 
Greatly  improved,  1778,  2  vols.  Svo. 
Hues,  Robert.     Tractatus  de  Glohis,  Ac,  1611-63. 
Huitgan,  A.,  M.D.      Con.  to  Med.  and  Phys.  Jour., 
1799,  1800. 

Huggard,  or  Hoggard,  Miles,  pub.  several  poeti- 
cal and  other  works  in  defence  of  the  R.  Catholic  faith, 
1548-57.  See  Ritson's  Bibl.  Poet.;  Warton's  Hist,  of 
Eng.  Poet. ;  Brydges's  Brit.  Bibliog. ;  Lowndes's  Bibl. 
Man.,  979;  Lowndes's  Brit.  Lib.,  1032. 

Hugget,  Anthony.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1615,  4to. 
Huggins,  Wm.,  d.  1761.     Part  of  Orlando  Furioso; 
from  the  Italian,  Lon.,  1758,  Svo. 

Hugh,  Abbot  of  Reading,  d.  1164,  a  native  of  France, 
who  resided  in  England  during  part  of  the  reign  of  Henry 
I.,  is  chiefly  known  as  a  writer  by  a  treatise  on  theology, 
in  seven  books,  which 

"Exhibits  much  profundity  of  thought  and  metaphysical 
learning." — Wrig/U's  BOy.  Brit.  Lit.,  A/ighj-S^'orinan  Period,'q.v. 
Some  of  Hugh's  writings  have  been  published. 
Hugh  de  Rutland,  a  poet  lemp.  Richard  I.,  accord- 
ing to  M.  de  la  Rue,  dwelt  at  Credenhill,  in  Cornwall. 
His  best-known  poem  is  the  Romance  of  Ipomedon,  of 
which  he  wrote  a  continuation,  entitled  the  Romance  of 
Prothesilaus.  The  first  (MS.  in  the  Brit.  Mus.)  extends 
to  upwards  of  10,000  lines,  and  the  latter  (MS.  in  the 
Royal  Lib.  at  Paris)  extends  to  nearly  11,000  linos.  See 
Wright's  Biog.  Brit.  Lit.,  Anglo-Norman  Period. 

Hughe,  Wm.,  d.  1549,  one  of  the  English  Reformers, 
educated  at  Corpus  Christi  Coll.,  Oxf.  1.  The  Troubled 
Man's  Medicine,  Lon..  1546,  '67,  16mo.  Another  ed., 
16mo,  s.  a..  Bed  circ.  1558?  2.  A  Sweet  Consolation,  and 
the  second  booke  of  The  Troubled  Man's  Medicine,  1567, 
Svo.     See  British  Reformers,  vol.  xi. 

Hughes.      Commentary   on    the  Books  of    Genesis, 
Exodus,  Leviticus,  Psalms  to  Zachariah,  and  the  whole 
of  the  N.  Test.,  1851,  5  vols.  12mo.     In  the  Welsh  lan- 
guage.    This  has  been  styled 
"  The  most  extensive  and  best  Welsh  Commentary  extant."    • 


ntTG 


Hughes,  Mrs.     Poems,  novels,  and  dramas.  1(84-90. 

Hughes,  Benj.  1.  Simon  Magus;  a  Poem,  Lon., 
1774    4to.     2.  Epistle  to  Junius,  1774,  4to. 

Hughes,  Charles.     The  Compleat  Horseman  1,  ,2. 

Hughes,  D.  Law  rel.  to  Insurances,  Lon.,  lS.iS,  svo, 
1st  Amer.  ed.,  N.  York.  183.'!,  Svo.  ,.„,-,  ,„   „ 

"  A  plain,  methodical,  and  correct  Tre.it,se."-3  h'xt,  351    n. 

Hughes,  Edward,  Head-Master  of  the  Royal  Naval 
Lower  School,  Greenwioh  Hospital,  has  pub.  a  m.inber 
of  valuahle  educational  works  on  Geography,  History, 
Arithmetic,  Reading,  Ac,  Lon.,  1848-06.  , 

Hughes,  George,  lC03-ir.(i7,  a  native  of  Southwark, 
educated  at  Corpus  Christi  Coll..  Oxf.,  and  Fellow  of 
Pembroke  Coll.,  Lecturer  of  AUhallows,  Loudon,  and 
subsequently  miuister  of  Tavistock,  during  the  Rebellion 
obtained  the  living  of  St.  Andrews,  Plymouth,  from  which 
he  was  ejected  for  Non-conformity  in  16b2.  He  pub.  a 
Perm.,  1647,  three  theolog.  treatises,  1644  68,  70,  and 
An  Analytical  E.xpos.  of  Genesis  and  of  XXIII.  Chapters 
of  Exodus,  (Plymouth,)  1672,  fol. 

"A  very  eKiborate  and  curious  wcik :  it  is  not  of  common  oc- 
currence."—  lIornr\^  Bihl.  Bib.  „       t  ,      t»      ■  u 

Hughes,  Griffith,  minister  of  St.  Lacy's  Parish, 
Barbadoes.  1.  Natural  Hist,  of  Biirbadoes,  Lon.,  1 ,  50,  fol. 
•'Instead  of  the  crude,  irregular  descriptions  of  this  author, 
the  naturalist  is  to  be  punctual,  exact,  and  express  .  .  As  to 
his  talents  for  natural  history,  it  was  an  unlucky  mistake  in  him 
?o  supMse  them  such  as  could  enable  him  to  go  hmugh  so  ardu^ 
ous  aTsk  as  the  history  of  the  product^  of  a  whole  island  though 
a  very  small  one."-£o>!.  Month.  Rev.,  July,  lioO,  197-206. 

See  Rich's  Bibl.  Amer.  Nova,  i.  97.  ,,.,,. 

2.  Of  a  Zoophyton  resembling  the  flower  of  the  Man- 
gold;  Phil.  Trans.,  1743. 

Hughes,  H.     Retribution,   and  other  Poems,  Lon., 

'  Hughes,  H.  G.     Practice  of  the  Ct.  of  Chan,  in  Ire- 
land Dubl.,  1S37,  8vo.  Of  little  value.  See  1  Leg.  Rep.,  17. 
Hughes,  H.  H.     Beauties  of  Cambriii,  Lon.,  ob.  4to. 
Hughes,  H.  M.,  M.D.,  Assistant  Physician  to  Guy  s 
Hospital.      A   Clinical    Introduction    to    the  Practice  of 
\uscultation,  Lon.,  1845,  12mo;    2d  ed.,  improved,  lSo4, 
ionio;  2d  Amer.  from  the  2d  Lon.  ed.,  Phila.,  1854,  12mo. 
"Fmbodyim'  the  existing  state  of  our  knowledge,  and  alitie 
free  from  dogmatism  or  assumption,  we  recognise  m  its  precepts 
the  efforts  of  a  practical  physician,  fully  competent,  and  eimally 
anxious,  to  forward  science  by  dispassionately  discussing  truth. 
—Duhliti  Qmr.  Jnurnal  of  Mid.  Science. 

Hughes,  Henry,  Curate  of  Great  Linford,  Bucks. 
Serm.,  Lon.,  1833,  12mo.     Other  works. 

Hughes,  Henry,  Perpetual  Curate  of  All-Saints, 
Gordon-Square.  1.  The  Voice  of  the  Anglican  Church ; 
heinf  the  declared  opinions  of  her  Bishops  on  the  Doc- 
trine's of  the  Oxford  Tract  Writers ;  with  an  Introductory 
Essay,  Lon.,  1842,  12mo.  The  prelates  cited  are,  The 
Archbishops  of  Canterbury,  Armagh,  Dublin,  and  Cashcl ; 
the  Bishops  of  Winchester,  Durham,  London,  E.'ieter, 
Bristol,  Chester,  Hereford,  Ripon,  Worcester,  Salisbury, 
Oxford,  Llandaff,  Down  and  Connor,  and  Calcutta.  2. 
Congregational  Psalmody,  1843,  12mo. 

Hughes,  Hugh,  D.D.,  Rector  of  St.  John's,  Clerken- 
well,  London.  Female  Characters  of  Holy  Writ ;  in  a 
Course  of  Serms. :  1st  Ser.,  1845,  12mo;  2d  Ser.,  1846, 
12mo;  3d  Ser.,  1847,  12mo.  „    ,.     , 

'■  Many  Christian  women  will  doubtless  thank  Dr.  Hughes  for 
having  led  them  to  dwell  more  thoughtfully  on  those  parts  of 
Scripture  specially  intended  for  their  instruction.''— ion.  Chris- 
tian Lctilii^  Mag.  ,      ^      u- 

■'  They  are  highly  instructive.— models  of  popular  teaching, 
and  we  scarcely  know  a  book  better  adapted  to  family  reading." 
— i3rt^  Qiiar.  Rev. 

Hughes,  J.  G.  Sketch  of  the  Philosophy  of  Pusey- 
ism.  Lon..  1844.  8vo. 

Hughes,  Jabez,  1685-1731,  a  younger  brother  of 
John  Hughes,  the  poet,  (1677-1720,)  pub.  trans,  from 
Claudian,  Lucan,  Suetonius,  and  Cervantes,  1714,  '17,  '23, 
'29.  His  Miscellanies,  in  Verse  and  Prose,  were  pub., 
Lon.,  1737,  8vo.  See  Nichols's  Select  Collection  of  Poems; 
Chalmers's  Biog.  Diet. 

Hughes,  James.  Kentucky  Supreme  Ct.  Reports, 
1785-1801,  Lexington,  1803,  4to. 

Hughes,  James.  1.  Practice  in  Civil  Actions  under 
the  Code  of  Indiana,  Gin.,  1856.  2.  Manual  for  Executors 
and  Administrators  in  Indiana,  1856.  3.  Statutes  of  In- 
diana; a  newly-revised  ed.,  1856.  4.  In  conjunction 
with  David  McDonald  and  Albert  G.  Porter,  A  Digest  of 
the  Decisions  of  the  Supreme  Ct.  of  Indiana  from  its 
organization  to  the  present  time ;  being  a  Digest  of  the 
8  vols,  of  Blackford's  Reps,  and  of  the  first  6  vols,  of  In- 
diana Reports.  (The  above  four  works  are  announced  as 
"in  press  by  H.  W.  Derby  &,  Co.  of  Cincinnati,  May,  1856.) 


HUG 

Hughes,  John,  1677-1720,  a  native  of  Marlborough, 
a  contributor  to  The  Tatlcr,  Spectator,  and  Guardian,  and 
the  author  of  the  whole  or  the  principal  part  of  the  hssays. 
Discourses,  Ac.  of  the  Lay  Monk,  (2d  ed.,  1714,  12mo  )  a 
sequel  to  the  Spectator,  has  lost  the  poetical  reputation 
which   he  enjuved.      He   was   educated   at  a  Dissenters 
Academy  in    London,  and  subsequently  held   a  plac^e   in 
the  Office  of  Ordnance,  and  was  Secretary  to  the  Com- 
missioners for  the  purchasing  of  lands  for  the  royal  dock- 
yards.    Later  in   life   he  was  Secretary  to   the  Commis- 
sioners of  the  Peace.     1.  Poem  on  the  Peace  of  Rysw'<^k 
1697      2.  The  Court  of   Neptune,  1699.     3.  Ode  on  the 
Death  of  K.  William,  1702.     4.  Ode  in  Praise  of  Music 
1703,  4to.    5.  Spenser's  Works,  with  Life,  Ac    1,  Id  6  vols. 
lOmi.     6.  The  Siege  of  Damascus  ;  a  Tragedy,  1720,  8%o. 
The  author  died  on  the  same  night  that  this  piece  was 
first  performed  with  great  applause.     7.  Poems  and  Prose 
Essays,  1735,  2  vols.  12mo  ;  Posth.     He  trans.  Fontenelle  3 
Dialogues  of  the  Dead,  and  Discourse  concerning  the  An- 
cients and  Moderns,  the  Abbe  Vertot's  Hist  of  the  Revo- 
lutions in  Portugal,  Letters  of  Abe  ard  and  H^loisa    an  1 
wrote  the  preface  to  the  Complete  Hist,  of  England  1,  Ob, 
3  vols   f,,l.     His  Correspondence  was  pub.  by  the  ttev.  J. 
Duncombe,  with  Notes,  1772,  3  vols.  12mo ;  2d  ed.,  1,  i3, 
3  vols.  p.  Svo.     As  a  translator,  Hughes  is  entitled  to  con- 
siderable credit:  of  his  original  ettorts  The  Siege  ot  Da- 
mascus is  the  only  piece  by  which  he  is  now  known  to  the 
reading  public.     Addison  thought  so  highly  of  Hughes  s 
dramatic  abilities  that  he  begged  him  to  write  the  fifth  Act 

"^'^rushes  was  very  capable  of  writing  this  fifth  Act  The  Siege 
of  Damascus  is  a  better  tragedy  than  Cato,  though  l^^I^.^ff^S'^d 
to  speak  slightingly  of  its  author."-DK.  JoSEPU  Wabiox  :  iVo(e  to 

Poue's  Prologue  to  Cato.  ,   t  ^l.  i ^^« 

"lie  [HughesJ  is  too  grave  a  poet  for  me,  and,  I  think,  among 
the  Meiliocrists  in  prose  as  well  as  ver.se."— i'tt'i.A  to  Pope. 

"What  he  wanted  in  genius,  he  made  up  .as  an  honest  man, 
but  ho  was  of  the  class  you  think  him."— i'"i)c  to  Swijt. 

Dr.  Johnson,  who  in  his  life  of  Hughes  quotes  the  above, 
(and  more  of  the  same  correspondence,)  avoids  giving  any 
opinion  respecting  the  literary  merits  of  his  author ;  but  it 
is  easy  to  perceive  that  he  agrees  with  the  estimate  he 
cites.  An  eminent  critic,  in  his  comments  upon  the  merits 
of  our  author,  remarks  :  .  .     ,  . 

"The  only  piece,  however,  which  can  with  any  propriety  claim 
for  Hughes  the  appellation  of  a  poet,  is  The  Siege  ol  Damascus. 
Of  this  Drama,  which  is  still  occasionally  acted,  the  sentiments 
and  morality  are  pure  and  correct,  the  imagery  frequently  beauti- 
ful and  the  diction  and  versification  for  the  most  part  clear  and 
melodious.  It  is  defective,  notwithstanding,  in  the  most  essential 
nualitv  of  dramatic  composition,  the  power  of  affecting  the  pas- 
sions ■■  and  is.  therefore,  more  likely  to  afford  pleasure  in  the  closet 

than  on  the  stage Hughes  has  more  merit  as  a  translator  of 

poetry  than  as  an  original  poet On  the  prose  of  Hughes  1  am 

inclined  to  bestow  more  praise  than  on  his  poetry All  the 

periodical  essavs  of  Hughes  are  written  in  a  style  which  is,  in 
general,  easy,  correct,  and  elegant :  they  occasionally  exhibit  wit 
and  humour;  and  they  uniformly  tend  to  inculcate  the  best  pre- 
cepts, moral,  prudential,  and  religious."— /(rate's  Essays  Musira- 
live  of  the  Taller,  Spectator,  and  Guardian,  (vol.  iii.  26-50.)  ij.ii.  for 
an  account  of  Hughes's  share  in  these  periodicals ;  and  see  the  Pre- 
faces to  the  various  edits,  of  these  works. 

In  addition  to  authorities  cited  above,  see  Life  of  Dun- 
combe, in  Biog.  Brit.;  Spence's  Anecdotes;  Chalmers's 
Biog.  Diet.  ;  Index  to  Lon.  Gent.  Mag. 

Hughes,  John,  1682-1710,  a  Fellow  of  Jesus  College, 
Cauib.  1.  Dissertationes  in  quibus  auctoritas  Ecclesiastica 
quatenus  a  civili  sit  distincta,  defenditur,  contra  Erastianos, 
Camb.,  1710,  Svo.  In  English,  by  Ililk.  Bedford,  Lon., 
1711,  Svo.  2.  St.  Chrysostom's  Treat,  on  the  Priesthood, 
Camb..  1710,  Svo;  2d"ed.,  with  Notes,  Ac,  1712,  Svo.  See 
Lowndes's  Brit.  Lib.,  535-537,  815. 
"  A  learned  hand." — Bp.  Atterbury. 

See  Lysons's  Environs;  Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  vol.  xlviii. ; 
Nichols's  Atterbury. 

Hughes,  John.  Serm.,  Ac,  1S03,  '04,  both  Svo. 
Hughes,  John,  the  "  Buller  of  Brazennose,"  (though 
really  of  Oriel,)  celebrated  in  Wilson's  Christopher  in  the 
Tent,  was  the  author  of  an  Itinerary  of  Provence  and  the 
Rhone  during  1819,  (1822,  Svo,  1S29,  Svo,)  and  poetical  and  ^ 
other  compositions.  The  literary  merits  of  Hughes  are 
depicted  in  glowing  terms  by  Miss  Mitford  in  her  Recol- 
lections ;  and  a  still  greater  authority  has  lavished  his  en- 
comiums upon  the  Itinerary : 

"  A  poet,  a  draughtsman,  and  a  scholar,  who  gives  such  an  ani- 
mated description  of  Chateau  Grignan,  the  dwelling  of  Madame 
de  S6vigne's  beloved  daughter,  that  no  one  who  has  ever  read  the 
book  would  be  within  forty  miles  of  the  same  without  going  a  pil- 
grimage to  the  spot."— Sir  Walter  Scott. 

This  work  contains  thirteen  good  etchings  by  the  author ; 
and  a  set  of  Views  in  Provence  and  on  the  Rhone,  r.  4to, 
illustrative  of  the  Itinerary,  was  engraved  by  W .  B.  Cooke. 


HUG 


IIUI 


"Was  not  bis  Provence  and  the  Rhone  almost  the  onlyhooX 
ever  praistd  in  the  Waverley  Novels?  [In  Quentin  Burward.]  D-es 
not  he  contrive  in  hi.-;  joninals  to  make  Lis  pen  do  double  duty  as 
sketcher  and  writer?" — Mi^s  Mitford  :  ttbi  sujn-ii. 

Hughes,  the  Most  Rev,  John,  D.D.,  Archbishop 
of  the  Ruinan  Catholic  Church  in  New  York,  b.  in  the  North 
of  Irebtnd,  1798,  came  to  America  in  1817,  was  educated 
at  the  College  of  Mount  St.  Mary,  Emmetsburg,  Maryhmd; 
ordained  in  1825,  and  shortly  afterwards  appointed  pastor 
of  a  church  in  Philadelphia;  Bishop-administrator  of  the 
Diocese  of  New  York,  1838;  Archbishop  of  theR.  C.  Church 
in  New  York,  1850.  He  has  pub.  a  number  uf  Sermons, 
Lectures,  &c.,  principally  in  defence  of  his  ecclesiastical 
tenets.  His  discussion  with  the  Rev.  Dr.  Breckinridge,  a 
Presbyterian  divine,  on  the  R.  C.  Religion,  was  pub.  Phila., 
1836,  Svo,  his  Controversy  with  Senator  Brooks  on  the  pro- 
prietorship of  Church  property,  N.  York.  1855,  12mo,  and 
his  Review  of  the  Letters  of  Kirwan,  1855,  32mo. 

Hugrhes,  Joseph.     Serm.,  &c.,  Lon.,  1802,  '04. 

Hughes,  Joseph,  Sec.  to  the  Brit,  and  For.  Bible  Soc. 
Funl.  Serin,  on  the  Rev.  John  Owen,  one  of  the  Secretaries 
of  the  Brit,  and  For.  Bible  Soc,  on  Ps.  xxxiv.  13,  Lon., 
1822,  8vo.  See  a  Memoir  of  Mr.  Hughes  by  the  Rev.  J. 
Leifchild,  Lon.,  12mo. 

"What  a  loss  would  dear  Mr.  TIuEhes  be  to  the  Bible  Society, 
and  to  the  relii^ious  world  in  Kenoral  1  I  am  quite  of  opinion  with 
you.  that  the  aduiirabk^  temper  and  prudence  nf  i\Ir.  Hughes  have 
been  as  serviceable  as  the  more  brilliant  talents  oliMi'.  Oweo  :  both 
admirable  men, — par  wihik  fratrum." — licv.  Robert  Hall  to  Jiev. 
James  Philbps,  Leicester,  March  G,  181S:  Hall's  ^yi^}•}iS,  ed.  Lon., 
1853,  v.  5X7-518. 

Hughes,  J.  T#  Politics  of  England  and  Franco  at 
the  close  of  1797,  Lon..  1797,  Svo. 

Hughes,  Lewis.    Theolog.,  Ac.  works,  Lon.,  1615-42. 

Hughes,  Michael.    Rebellion  of  1745,  Svo,  1746.  '47. 

Hughes,  Obadiah,  D.D.,  1695-1744,  a  Dissenting 
minister  at  Westminster.     Scrms.,  1722-46. 

Hughes,  R.  E-  Two  Summer  Cruises  witb  the  Baltic 
Fleet  in  1854—55;  being  the  Log  of  tho  Pet;  with  Views 
and  Charts,  Lon.,  1S55,  p.  Svo. 

"  Blr.  H.  tells  u.s  at  fir.'^t-hand  of  Bomarsnnd  and  Sveahorg.  lie 
sketches  sea  and  coast  life,  and  appears  to  be  a  man  whose  attain- 
ments lit  him  for  the  business." — Lon.  Athenamn. 

Hughes,  Capt*  R,  M.  Duties  of  Judge-Advocates, 
Lon.,  lSo5.  Svo. 

Hughes,  Rice.     Serms.,  &c.,  1790-1803. 

Hughes,  Richard,  Surgeon.  1.  Hernia;  Med.  Com., 
1792.     2.  Diarrhea;   Med.  Facts,  1795. 

Hughes,  Mrs.  iS.  Friendly  Visits  from  the  Muse; 
or,  Tlie  Consolations  of  Solitude,  1810,  Svo. 

Hughes,  Samuel.  See  Coventry,  Tdomas,  No.  3; 
Harrison,  S.  B.,  No.  2.  The  Index  of  tho  two  former  and 
the  Digest  of  the  last  form  a  complete  Digest  of  English 
Common  Law  Reports. 

Hughes,  T.,  Surgeon.     Papers  in  Med.  Facts,  1792. 

Hughes,  T.  R,  1.  Rep.  of  Case  the  King  v.  Bebb, 
Ac.,  Lon.,  ISIl,  Svo.  2.  Friendly  Loan  Societies,  1841, 
12  m  0. 

Hughes,  T.  M.  1.  Revelations  of  Spain  in  1845; 
2d  ed.,  Lon.,  1845.  2  vols.  p.  Svo. 

'•The  work  recently  published  in  London,  entitled  Revelations 
of  Spain,  contains  a  most  interesting  account  of  the  events  from 
the  fall  of  Espartero  to  the  present  day.  which  are  appreciated  in 
a  manner  woithy  of  the  subject  and  of  a  fiee  and  enlightened 
country." — Eco  del  Cnmrrcio,  of  Madrid. 

2.  The  Ocean  Flower;  a  Poem  :  Preceded  by  an  Hist,  and 
Descrip.  Account  of  the  Island  of  Madeira,  1S45,  12mo. 

"We  can  cordially  recommend  it  to  all  who  are  interested  in 
the  inland  of  Madeira,  as  beinj^  the  jdeasantt'st  book  hitherto 
written  on  this  '  Flower  of  the  Ocean  and  Clem  of  the  Sea.''' — Lon. 
Jftiv  Quar.  /iVi'. 

3.TheBiliad;  or.  How  to  Criticize;  3d  ed.,  1846,  fp. 
Svo.  4.  Iberia  Won;  a  Poem,  1S47,  p.  Svo.  5.  Revela- 
tions of  Portugal,  and  Narrative  of  an  Overland  Journey 
to  Lisbon  ;  2d  ed.,  1847,  2  vols.  p.  Svo. 

"  Mr.  Huirhes's  volumes  are  full  of  entertainment,  and  contain 
much  valuable  information  on  the  real  sUiteof  the  Peninsula.*' — 
Britannia. 

6.  Portuguese  Perfidy  Exposed,  1848,  Svo. 

Hughes,  Thomas.  Arthur;  a  Trag.,  Lon.,  15S7, 
Svo. 

Hughes,  Thomas.  Tbe  Ascension ;  a  Poetical 
Essay,  Lon.,  1780,  4to. 

Hughes,  Thomas  Smart,  D.D.,  became  Preb.  of 
Peterborough  in  1S27.  1.  Bel;^hazzar's  Feast;  a  Sentoqian 
Prize  Poem,  1813.  2.  Travels  in  Sicily,  Greece,  and  Al- 
bania, Lon.,  1S20,  2  vols.  4to,  with  fifteen  Maps  and 
Plates,  £5  58.  New  ed.,  1S30,  2  vols.  Svo,  £1  4«.  In  this 
edit,  the  largo  plates  are  omitted.  See  Lon.  Lit.  Gaz., 
1830,  pp.  020-fi22. 

"Classical,  antiquarian,  and  descriptive  of  the  state  of  society, 
political,  civil,  religious,  and  domestic;  bearing  marks  of  much 


information  and  enquiry,  ft  sound  judgmentand  good  education." 
"Steven aon^ a  Vni/ot/es  and  Travels. 

3.  Divines  of  the  Church  of  England,  with  Summaries 
of  their  Discourses,  Notes,  Lives,  Ac.,  22  vols.  am.  Svo: 
pub.  by  A.  J.  Valpy. 

'•No  divine,  no  student,  nay.  no  erentleman,  should  be  without 
it.  No  work  is  at  present  more  needed,  or  more  likely  to  sci-ure 
at  once  the  extensive  circolatiun  that  it  deserves." — Lon.  Sun. 

4.  Hist,  of  England,  from  the  Accession  of  George  III. 
to  the  Accession  of  Victoria,  1760-1S37;  being  a  Con- 
tinuation of  Hume  and  Smollett,  183r),  7  vols.  Svo,  10*. 
6(/.  each.  Again,  1847,  7  vols.  Svo,  ll)«.  6(Z.  each.  New 
ed.,  with  tho  authors  last  Corrections  and  Improvements, 
1S66,  7  vols.  Svo,  10s.  6(^  each  ;  also  in  cr.  Svo,  4s.  each.  The 
new  ed.  of  tho  History  of  England  just  pub.  (1S56)  by  Bell 
and  Daldy,  Fleet  St.,  London,  in  18  vols.  cr.  Svo,  4s.  each, 
is  thus  arranged  r^vols.  i.-vi.,  Hume's  portion  ;  vols,  vii.- 
xi.,  Smollett's  portion  ;  vols,  xii.-xviii.,  Hughes's  portion. 
The  edit.  (Valpy's,  also  pub.  by  Mr.  Bell)  which  preceded 
this  in  1848,  Ac.  is  in  21  vols.  Svo,  5s.  each;  viz.  :  Hurae, 
i.-viii. ;  Smollett,  ix.-xiii.;  Hughes,  xiv.-xxi.  There 
was  also  an  edit,  in  1854, 18  vols.  Svo.  Of  the  above  edits, 
either  portion  can  be  had  separately. 

"  Mr.  Hughes's  undertakinfi  was  one  of  no  mean  difficulty.  lie 
has,  however,  executed  his  task  in  a  way  equally  honourable  to 
his  understanding  and  his  industry;  and  the  result  i.s,  an  im- 
partial and  critical  history  of  one  of  the  most  important  epochs 
of  ancient  or  modern  times." — Lon.  Monthly  Mag. 

"The  author  appears  moderate  and  impartial  as  regards  opi- 
nions, lie  seems  to  have  sou-^ht  after  his  facts  and  information 
with  pains-taking  industry,  and  to  have  combined  his  materials 
with  sufficient  skill ;  whilst  his  narrative  carries  us  smoothly  and 
quietly  along  without  excitement,  without  weariness." — Lo}\. 
Spectator. 

5.  An  Essay  on  the  Political  System  of  Europe:  its 
Connexion  with  the  Government  of  G.  Britain,  and  the 
General  Policy  of  the  European  States,  1855,  12mo.  Pre- 
fixed to  this  vol.  is  a  Memoir  of  Dr.  Hughes's  ecclesiastical 
and  literary  life,  to  which  we  refer  tlie  reader.  See  a 
notice  of  the  last-named  work  in  the  London  Atheu^um, 
1855.  p.  291. 

Hughes,  Rev.  W.  1.  Tour  in  France  in  1802,  Lon., 
1S03,  Svo.     2.  An  Elegy  on  Spencer  Perceval,  1812,  Svo. 

Hughes,  VVm.  The  Grand  Abridgt.  of  the  Law  Con- 
tinued, Lon.,  1600-62,  3  vols.  4to.  This  is  a  supp.  to  the 
earlier  abridgts.  It  is  good  authority.  Huglies  pub. 
other  law-books.     See  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit. 

Hughes,  Wm.  Serms.,  &c.,  Lon.,  1652-96.  See  an 
account  of  this  author  and  his  works  in  Athen.  Oxon. 

Hughes,  Wm.  1.  Complete  Vineyard,  Lon.,  1670, 
Svo.  2.  American  Physician,  1672,  12mo.  3.  Flower- 
Garden,  1672,  1734, 12mo. 

Hughes,  Wm.     Serms.,  &c.,  1749-1812. 

Hughes,  Wm.,  has  pub.  a  number  of  atlases  and 
valuable  geographical  works.  Lon.,  1S41-56.  He  has  re- 
cently given  to  the  world  on  excellent  Atlas  of  Classical 
Geography,  edited  by  George  Long,  1854,  r.  Svo,  and  ia 
now  (1850)  employed  upon  tbe  completion  of  the  late 
Samuel  Maunder's  Treasury  of  Geography. 

Hughs,  Mrs.  Mary,  a  nntive  of  Newcastle-upon- 
Tyne,  England,  emigrated  to  Philadelphia  in  1S18,  and 
soon  became  favourably  known  as  the  proprietor  of  an 
Academy  for  Young  Ladies,  which  she  conducted  for 
twenty-one  years.  As  an  authoress  Mrs.  Hughs  is  widely 
known  by  Aunt  Mary's  Library  for  Boys  and  Girls,  10  vols. ; 
Ornaments  Discovered,  Stoines  for  Children,  Emma  Morti- 
mer, Buds  and  Blossoms,  Ac.  She  has  been  a  contributor 
to  several  periodicals.     See  Mrs.  Hale's  Woman's  Record, 

Hughson,  D.,  LL.D.,  i.  e.  Dr.  Pugh.  1.  Hist.,  Ac. 
of  London,  Ac,  Lon.,  1806-09,  6  vols.  Svo.  See  Upcott's 
Eng.  Topog..  ii.  659-672.  2.  Privileges  of  London,  1S16, 
12mo.  3.  Walks  through  London,  Westmin.ster,  Bouth- 
wark,  Ac.,  1817,  2  vols.  Svo;  also  on  large  paper  in  8vn, 
and  largest  paper,  r.  Svo.  Seo  Upcott's  Eng.  Top.,  iii. 
1478-1481. 

Hugo  Candidus,  d.  after  1155,  Sub-Prior  of  the 
Al)bey  of  Peterborough,  is  known  as  an  author  by  his 
history  of  tho  monastery  of  Peterborough,  pub.  in  Joseph 
Sparke's  collection,  Lon.,  1723.  fol.  See  Wright's  Biog. 
Brit.  Lit,  Anglo-Norman  Period,  176-178. 

Hugo  of  Lincoln.     Vitam,  ab  Adamo,    Ac.      See. 
Darling's  Cyc.  Bibl.,  i.  1571-72. 

Hugo,  i>Iinor.  1.  Hints  and  Reflections  for  Railway 
Travellers  and  others,  Lon.,  1843,  3  vols.  p.  Svo.  2.  Horse- 
Shoe  Nails,  1843,  12mo. 

Hugo,  T.     Serms.  on  the  Lord's  Prayer,  1854,  fy.  Svo. 

Huicke,  Wm.  The  Fourme  of  Common  Prayer 
vsed  in  the  Churches  of  Geneva,  Lon.,  1550,  Svo. 

Huidekopcr,  Frederic,  b.  A  pril  7,181 7.at  Meadville, 
Pa.     The  Belief  of  the  First  Three  Centuries  concerning 


HUM 

from  If  75-1805.  prepared  from  his  MSS.  by  his  daughter, 
Mrs.  Mnria  Cii.nipbf;ll :  together  with  the  History  of  the 
Campaign  of  1812  and  Surrender  of  the  Post  at  Detroit, 
by  his  grandson^  James  Freeman  Clarlie,  N.  Yorli,  1848, 
Svo.     See  also  Siuith.  Lit.  Mess.,  xiv.  319. 

Hull,  William.  1.  Six  Uiscourses,  Lon..  1830,  Svo. 
2.  Ecdcsiastieal  Establishments  not  Inconsistent  with 
Christianity:  3d  ed.,  1S47,  12nio.     Other  works. 

Hull,  VVilliam,  Jr.  Hist,  of  the  Glove  Trade,  Lon., 
1834,  Svo. 

Hull,  William  Wiiistanley,  of  Lincoln's  Inn,  late 
Fellow  of  Lrazennose  Coll.,  0.\f ,  has  pub.  several  theolog. 
treatises,  Lon.,  1845,  &Q. 

Hullah,  John,  h.  1812,  Worcester,  Eng.,  is  widely 

a  spirit  of  genuine  piety."-&»H,V.  G..a,.,ian.  ]  known  as  the  author  f  "^ Y.P"^!.-"™^  ™  h"  sucerssM 

Huise,  John.     Florilegium  Phrasicon ;  or.  a  Survey    practice  of  music,  Lon.,  1842-5,,  and  tor  his  successtul 


HUI 

Christ's  Mission  to  the  Underworld,  unpub.  edition,  Mead- 
villc,  1853,  8vo;  Bost.,  1854,  12mo.  Edited  Forest's  Hist, 
of  the  Trinity,  Meadvilh;,  1853,  8vo  ;  Bost.,  185B,  12mo. 

Huie,  James.  Abridgt.  of  the  Stat.  rel.  to  Excise; 
3d  ed..  lOdin.,  1833,  8vo.     Olisnleto. 

Huie,  James  A.  1.  Hist,  of  Christian  Missions, 
Lon.,  1842,  12nio. 

'■  The  .lutlior  has  honounihly  exerted  himself  to  procure  accu- 
rate infnrniatinn." — Lon.  All>en(rum. 

2.  Hist,  of  the  Jews;  2d  ed.,  1842,  fp.  Svo. 

'•  A  ti  ustwoithy  history  of  the  modern  Jesys,"—V'mle<l  Secession 
Mog. 

3.  Records  of  Female  Piety,  1841,  fp.  Svo;  3d  ed., 
1848,  12iuo. 

'  ^^r.  Iluie's  Records  are  written  with  irre.tt  tiste,  and  breathe 


of  the  Latin  Tongue  according  to  the  elegancy  of  its 
proper  Dialect.  Enlarged  by  Alexander  Koss,  Lon.,  1669, 
Svo. 

Huish,  Alexander,  Fellow  of  Magdalene  Coll., 
Oxf.,  Hector  of  Becliington  and  Hornblotton,  Somerset- 
shire. Lccts.  upon  the  Lord's  Prayer,  Lon.,  1626,  4to. 
Respecting  this  learned  man,  who  stands  second  in  Bp. 
Walton's  aclinowledgmcnt  of  services  for  his  Polyglott, 
see  Wrangham's  Prol'eg.,  ii.  p.  203  ;  Todd's  Life  of  Walton, 
269,  Ac;  see  also  Mill,  1418;  Wetstein,  Prolog.,  pp.  S- 
20;  Woid,  ii.  19,  p.  17;  Spohn,  in  J.  Berriman's  Lccts., 
ch.  ii.  Sec.  2,  p.  158;  Bliss's  Wood's  Athen.  Oxon.,  ii. 
207;  iii.  811. 

Huish,  Krancis.     Scrm.,  Exeter,  1794,  4to. 

Huish,  Ilobert,  has  pub.  several  works,  of  which 
the  following  are  the  best-known  : — 1.  Memoirs  of  Princess 
Charlotte,  Lon.,  1818,  Svo.  2.  Memoirs  of  George  IV., 
1830,  2  vols.  Svo.  3.  Voy.age  of  Capt.  Sir  John  Ross  to 
the  Arctic  Regions  in  1829-3.'l,  1835,  Svo.  Severely  cen- 
sured in  Lon.  Quar.  Rev.,  liv.  1-39.  4.  Tho  Natural 
Hist,  and  General  Management  of  Bees.  New  ed.,  1844, 
12mo. 

"His  work  is  most  exact,  and  cont.iins  much  solid  information. 
— Lfin.  Jflietioiim. 

Huit,  liphvaim,d.  1644,  minister  of  Windsor,  Conn., 
was  a  native  of  England,  and  for  some  time  preacher  at 
Roxhall,  Warwickshire.     Prophecie  of  Daniel  Explained, 
Lon.,  1643.  4to. 
'■  And  Huet  had  his  arguint;  strong  and  right."— Johnson. 
Huit,  John.  Prayers  of  Intercession,  Lon.,  1659,  Svo. 
Hulbert,  Charles.     Museum  Asianum;    or.  Select 
Antiqiiities  of  the  Eastern  World,  Shrewsb.,  1822,  Svo. 

Hulbert,  Uev.  Daniel  P.  M.  Reciprocity  for 
1851;  or,  an  "Exhibition"  of  Humanity  and  Fraternity 
and  Divinitv;  3d  ed.,  Cant.,  1851,  12mo.     Other  works. 

Hull,  Amos  G.  Treat,  on  tho  Duties  of  Town  and 
County  Oflicers,  with  Statutes.  Ac,  Albany,  1856. 

Hull,  John.  1.  Expos,  of  Chap.  3d  of  St.  Peter's  2d 
Epist.,  Lon.,  1611,  4to.  2.  Christ's  Proclamation,  Ac, 
1613,  Svo.  3.  Expos,  of  Part  of  the  Lament  of  Jeremy, 
by  way  of  Lects.,  1618,  4to. 

Hull.  John,  M.D.,  of  Manchester,  pub.  several  pro- 
fessi.iniil  works,  1792-1800,  and  (1.)  The  British  Flora, 
Manchcs..  1799,  Svo.  2.  Elements  of  Botany,  Mauchea, 
and  Lon.,  18IIII,  2  vols,  Svo;  2d  ed.,  1809,  2  vols.  Svo. 

Hull,  Richard.  Voy.age  up  the  Gambia.  See 
Moioe's  Travels,  p.  175. 

Hull,  Thomas,  1728-1808,  a  native  of  London,  an 
actor,  composed  and  altered  for  the  stage  nineteen  plays, 
and  pub.  a  novel,  tales,  Ac,  Lon.,  1762-1801,  Ho  is  best 
known  by  his  poem  of  Richard  Plantagenet,  a  Legendary 
Tale,  1774,  4to,  and  Select  Letters  between  the  late  Duchess 
of  Somerset  and  others,  1778,  2  vols.  Svo.  See  Biog. 
Draiuat.;  Greaves's  Recollects,  of  Shenstone;  Prcf.  to  the 
Select  Letters.  Hull  was  the  founder  of  the  Theatrical 
Fund. 

Hull,  William,  D.D.  1.  Serm.  on  Joel  ii.  12,  Lon., 
161  L\  Svo.  2.  Six  Serms.,  1612,  Svo.  3.  Five  Serms., 
1615,  4lo. 

Hull,  General  William,  d.  1825,  aged  72,  a  distin- 
guished olficer  in  the  American  Revolutionary  Army,  was 
Governor  ot  Michigan  Territory  from  1805  to  '14.  He 
surrendered,  with  2000  men,  at  Detroit,  to  the  British 
General  Brook,  Aug.  15,  1812,  for  which  he  was  tried  liy  a 
court-martial  and  condemned  to  be  shot.  In  consideration 
of  his  former  services,  this  sentence  was  not  executed.  He 
pub.  a  Defence  of  himself  before  a  Court-Martial,  Bost., 
1814,  12mo  ;  and  Memoirs  of  the  Campaigns  of  the  North- 
western Army  of  the  U.  States  in  1812,  Svo,  1S24.  To 
these  vols,  tlie  collector  of  American  History  must  add 
Revolutionary  Services  and  Civil  Life  of  Gen.  Wm.  Hull, 
58 


efforts  in  popular  musical  instruction. 

Hullock,  Sir  John,  1764-1829,  a  native  of  Barnard 
Castle.  Durham,  Baron  of  the  Ct.  of  Exchc(|uer,  1823. 
The  Law  of  Costs  in  Civil  Actions  and  Criminal  Pro- 
ceedings, Lon.,  1792,  Svo.  Appen.  to  Cases,  1796  ;  2d  ed. 
of  Law  of  Costs,  Ac,  1810,  2  vols.  Svo. 

"  A  stiontrer-he;ided  man  than  Baron  Ilullock  was  never  known 
in  the  profession. " — i  CUi\  and  I\nf7ie:s  Hep..  40ti. 

Hulls,  Jonathan.  Machine  for  Vessels,  Lon.,  1C37, 
]2mo. 

Hulme,  Nathaniel,  M.D.,  1732-1807,  a  native  of 
1  Yorkshire,  pub.  a  number  of  medical  treatises,  1765-1803, 
for  a  list  of  which  sec  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit. 

Hulme,  Ohadiah,  d.  at  London,  1791.  Historical 
Essay  on  the  English  Constitution. 

Huloet,  Richard.  Abocedarium  Anglico-Latin,  [Lat. 
and  Eng.  Diet.,]  Lon.,  1522,  fol.  Enlarged  and  corrected 
by  John  Higgins,  1572,  fol. 

"Almost  a  new  [Iliggins's  edit.]  book,  from  the  various  additions 
and  improvements  it  contains." — Bliss's  Wood's  Allien.  Oz(m.y 
1735,  q.  V. 

Hulse,  Georgie  A.  Sunbe.ams  and  Shadows,  and 
Buds  .and  Blossoms,  N.  York.  1851,  16mo. 

Hulse,  Rev.  John,  1708-1790,  the  founder  of  the 
Hulsean  Lecture,  of  the  Univ.  of  Cambridge,  was  a  native 
of  Middlowich,  and  educated  at  St.  John's  College,  Camb. 
The  following  are  the  names  of  the  Lecturers  from  tha 
commencement,  1820,  to  1852 ; 


1820,  Chris.  Benson. 

1821,  Jas.  C.  Franks. 

1822,  Chris.  Benson. 

1823,  Jas.  C.  Franks. 

1824,  No  appointment. 

1825,  No  appointment. 

1826,  T.  Chevallier. 

1827,  T.  Chevallier. 
1823,  No  appointment. 

1829,  No  appointment. 

1830,  No  appointment. 

1831,  J.  J.  Blunt. 

1832,  J.  J.  Blunt. 

1833,  II.  John  Rose. 

1834,  No  appointment. 

1835,  H.  Ilowarth. 


1837,  Rd.  Parkinson. 

1838,  Rd.  Parkinson. 
1S39,  T.  T.  Siuith. 

1840,  T.  T.  Smith. 

1841,  H.  Alford. 

1842,  H.  Alford. 

1843,  J.  It.  Marsden. 

1844,  J.  H.  M.arsden. 

1845,  R.  C.  Trench. 

1846,  R.  C.  Trench. 

1847,  C.  Wordsworth. 

1848,  C.  Wordsworth. 

1849,  W.  G.  Humphrey. 

1850,  W.  G.  Humphrey. 

1851,  Geo.  Currey. 

1852,  Geo.  Currey. 


1836,  H.  Howarth 

The  subjects  of  the  above  Lectures,  with  an  account  of 
Mr,  Hulse's  bequest,  will  bo  found  in  D.arling's  Cyc.  Bibl., 
i.  1573-75.  See  Bampton,  Rev.  John;  Boyi.e,  Hon. 
Robert;  also  Lowndes's  Brit.  Lib.,  853-854;  and  the 
names  of  many  of  the  lecturers  in  this  Dictionary. 

Hulton,  E.  H.  The  Criminal  Law  of  England, 
Lon.,  12mo. 

Hulton,  W.  A.  Law  of  Convictions,  Lon.,  1835, 12mo. 
"This  tiMuk.  whi-_-h  supplies  the  numerous  deficiencies  of  I'.Tley, 
is  evidenlly  the  work  of  a  sound  session  lawyer." — No.  31  Law 
Maq..  23S. 

Humber,  W.  A  Prac.  Treatise  on  Cast  and  Wrought 
Iron  Bridges  and  Girders,  imp.  4to;  Pt.  1,  Lon.,  Sept.  1856. 
To  bo  ci>mpleted  in  about  twenty  monthly  parts. 

Humberston,  H.  The  Sign  of  the  Cross;  a  Serm. on 
Ezek.  v.  0.  In  Catholick  Serms.,  (Lon.,  1741,  2  vols.  Svo,) 
ii.  65. 

Hume.     Horologes,  Ac,  Par.,  1640,  Svo. 

Hume.     Sacred  Succession,  1710,  Svo. 

Hume.  Analysis  of  the  Water  at  Bridlington,  Lon., 
1816,  Svo. 

Hume,  A.,  M.D.    Medical  Assist,,  Lon.,  1776,  12mOi 

Hume,  Sir  Abraham,  1748-9-1838,  a  naval  officer, 
wrote  a  short  treatise  on  improvement  in  naval  architec- 
ture, which  was  commended.  See  Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  June, 
1838. 

Hume,  Rev.  Abraham,  LL.D.  The  Learned  So- 
'  913 


HUM 

cieties  and  Printing  Clubs  of  the  United  Kingdom,  Lon., 
1847,  p.  8vo;  2d  edit,  with  a  Supp.  by  A.  I.  Evans,  1853, 
p.  Svo. 

*'This  is  one  of  a  nnmerous  class  of  works  hastily  compiled 
and  written,  and.  as  a  natural  consequence,  full  of  errors." — Lon. 
Athma'tan,  1S47,  733. 

The  censures  of  the  AthenEeum — a  portion  of  which 
only  we  have  above  quoted — elicited  some  comments  from 
Dr.  Hume,  for  which  see  same  periodical,  1847,  p.  796. 
The  Lon.  Medical  Gazette  and  the  Lon.  Spectator  com- 
mend the  work  in  hif;h  terms. 

Hume,  Alexander,  16G0?-1609,  minister  of  Logie, 
grandson  of  Patrick  Hume,  titth  Baron  of  Polwortb,  pub. 
in  1599.  Edin.,4to,  a  book  entitled  Ilymnes.  or  Sacred  Songs, 
portions  of  which  have  been  several  times  reprinted,  and 
the  whole  was  repub.  lately  by  the  Bannatyne  Club.  Of 
these  pieces,  the  Day  Estival  is  considered  the  most  beau- 
tiful, and  was  highly  commended  by  Dr.  Leyden  and  others. 
An  account  of  this  author  and  three  other  Alexanders 
Hume  will  be  found  in  Chambers  and  Thomson's  Biog. 
Diet,  of  Eminent  Scotsmen,  1S55,  02-96.  Watt  ascribes 
to  this  writer  two  theolog.  treatises,  but  we  presume  them 
to  have  been  written  hy  the  next-named  Alexander  Hume. 
Hume,  Alexander,  Master  of  the  High  School,  Edin., 
1696,  and  Rector  of  the  Grammar  Schools  of  Salt-Preston 
and  of  Dunbar.  Elementa  GrammaLica,  Edin.,  1612,  sm. 
Svo.  He  also  wrote  some  theolog.  tracts :  see  above  article 
and  authorities  there  cited,  and  Lowndes's  Btbl.  Man.,  9S2. 
Hume,  Sir  Alexander.  Notices  of  the  Life  and 
Works  of  Titian,  Lon.,  1829,  imp.  Svo. 

Hume,  Anna,  the  daughter  of  David  Hume,  of  Gods- 
croft.  The  Triumphs  of  Love,  Chastity,  and  Death;  trans, 
from  Petrarch,  Edin.,  1644,  12mo. 

Hume,  David,  of  Godscroft,  the  author  of  The  His- 
tory of  the  House  and  Race  of  Douglas  and  Angus,  Edin., 
1644, fob,  (1743,  2  vols.  12mo;  4th  ed.,  174S,  2  vols.  12mo,) 
is  supposed  to  have  been  born  about  1560.  He  also  wrote 
Apologia  Basilica,  Paris,  1626,  4to,  several  theolog.  trea- 
tises, and  a  number  of  Latin  poems,  some  of  which,  first 
pub.  separately,  were  afterwards  reprinted  in  Johnston's 
Delicia;  Poetarum  Scotorum.  In  16112,  Paris,  sm.  Svo, 
appeared  Humii  (Davidis)  Wedderburnensis,  Poemata  Om- 
nia, accessere  ad  Finem  Uuio  Britaunica,  et  Proilium  ad 
Lipsiam  soluta  Oratione.  Contains  poems  addressed  to 
Q,  Elizabeth,  James  the  Si.xth  of  Scotland,  Sir  Francis 
Walsingham,  &q.  Constable's  copy  sold  for  £3.  An  ac- 
count of  this  author  will  be  found  in  Chambers  and  Thom- 
son's Biog.  Diet,  of  Eminent  Scotsmen,  1855,  iii.  06-102. 
See  also  Bp.  Nicolson's  Hist.  Lib.;  Marchand,  vol.  i. ; 
Biog.  Univ. ;  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit.,  (Hume,  or  Home,  David ;) 
Lowndes's  Bibl.  Man. 

Hume,  David,  April  26,  1711-August  25,  1776,  a 
native  of  Edinburgh,  was  the  second  son  of  Joseph  Hume, 
or  rather  Home,  of  Niuewells,  near  Dunse,  Scotland,  a 
descendant  of  the  Earl  of  Home.  The  subject  of  our 
notice,  after  an  unsatisfactory  attempt  to  master  the  study 
of  the  law,  and  a  like  unsuccessful  essay  (in  1734)  as  a 
merchant's  clerk  in  Bristol,  went  to  France,  with  the  de- 
sign of  pursuing  there,  in  an  economical  manner,  those 
literary  pursuits  in  which  alone  he  took  any  interest.  In 
1737  he  came  to  London,  and  in  the  year  tbllowing  gave 
to  the  world  his  Treatise  of  Human  Nature.  This,  his 
first  publication,  was  not  successfnlj  but  it  is  difficult  to 
discourage  a  young  author  who  has  once  seen  his  compo- 
sitions in  print,  and  in  1741  appeared  his  Essays,  Moral 
and  Political.  This  work  met  with  more  favour,  and  he 
was  induced  to  follow  it  up  in  1748  with  Philosophical 
Essays  concerning  Human  Understanding,  (in  fact,  a  new 
edit,  of  the  first  part  of  his  Treatise  of  Human  Nature:) 
in  1751  with  An  Enquiry  concerning  the  Principles  of 
Morals;  in  1752  with  Political  Discourses;  and  in  1755 
with  The  Natural  Hist,  of  Religion,  ^c.  It  was  between 
the  dates  of  the  two  last-named  publications  that  Humo 
put  forth  the  first  vol.  of  the  work  by  which  his  name  will 
be  transmitted  to  the  latest  posterity.  The  publication  of 
the  History  of  England — 1st  ed.  in  6  vols.  4to,  Lon. — was 
as  follows: — Vol.  I.  The  Reigns  of  James  I.  and  Charles  I., 
1754.  II.  The  Commonwealth,  and  the  Reigns  of  Charles 
11.  and  James  II.,  1756.  III.,  IV.  The  Reigns  of  Henry 
VII.,  Henry  VIII.,  Edward  VI.,  Queen  Mary,  and  Queen 
Elizabeth,  1759.  V.,  VI.  From  the  Invasion  of  Julius 
Caesar  to  the  Revolution  in  16SS,  1761-62.  For  the  dates 
and  particulars  of  various  edits,  of  the  History  of  Eng- 
land, (the  Abridgments,  Continuations,  Ac.,)  and  of  the 
other  publications  of  the  author,  the  reader  is  referred  to 
Watt's  Bibl.  Brit.;  Lowndes's  Bibl.  Man.;  the  London 
catalogues  of  British  publications.     The  principal  editors 


HUM 

and  continuators  of  Hume's  History  are  Bisset,  Burke, 
farr,  Hereford,  Hughes,  Jones,  Miller,  Mitchell,  Stebbing, 
Tallis,  and  Wright.  We  may  be  permitted  to  select  a  few 
edits,  of  the  History  for  special  notice, — viz.:  1.  1770,  8 
vols.  4to,  the  best  4to  edit.  2,  1778;  also  in  1786,  8  vols. 
8vo  ;  the  last  edit,  corrected  by  the  author.  3.  1789,  with 
Smollett,  13  vols.  Svo.  4.  1796,  13  vols.  Svo;  with  Por- 
traits. 5.  1802,  13  vols.  Svo;  with  Portraits.  6.  1S03,  16 
vols.  Svo;  with  Portraits.  7.  1806,  70  Nos.  fol.  Bowyer's 
edit.,  at  £1  Is.  per  No.,  with  Portraits,  and  numerous  Illus- 
trations. One  of  the  most  splendid  books  ever  pub.  Now 
(1856)  worth  about  £7  to  £10.  8.  1807,  13  vols.  8vo;  with 
Portraits.  U.  1807,  13  vols.  Svo  ;  with  Portraits.  10.  1809, 
15  vols.  ISmo.  11.  With  Smollett,  1826, 13  vols.  Svo;  with 
Portraits,  fac-similes  of  autographs,  &c.  50  copies  on 
large  paper,  £16  14s.  Three  copies  on  tinted  paper.  12. 
With  Smollett,  J.  R.  Miller,  and  T.  Wright,  1836,  4  vols. 
Svo.  13,  AVith  Smollett,  and  Continuation  by  Stebbing, 
1837,  20  vols.  Svo.  14.  AVith  Smollett,  and  Continuation 
by  Hughes.  See  Hughes,  Thomas  Smaiit,  D.D.  15. 
Hume,  with  Smollett,  and  Continuation  by  Farr,  1847,  3 
vols.  Svo.  K).  With  Smollett,  1848,  10  vols.  Svo.  In  ad- 
dition to  these  edits.,  all  pub.  in  Great  Britain,  many  have 
been  issued  in  the  United  States  of  America,  Ac.  Of 
Hume's  Philosophical  Works,  the  only  complete  edit,  until 
very  recently,  was  that  pub.  in  Edin.  in  1826,  4  vols.  Svo. 
"Includint;  all  the  Kssays.  and  exhibiting  the  more  important 
Alterations  and  Correctious  in  the  successive  Kditious  published 
by  the  Author." 

New  edit.,  pub.  by  Little,  Brown  &  Co.,  Bost,  1854,  4 
vols.  Svo,  pp.  CSV.  337,  552,  564,  580. 

In  vol.  i.  will  be  found  Hume's  Autobiography,  his  Will, 
a  notice  of  his  last  illness,  by  Adam  Smith,  and  a  docu- 
mentary account  of  the  controversy — if  so  it  may  be  called 
— between  Hume  and  Rousseau. 

It  is  now  time  to  return  to  the  personal  history  of  the 
.author,  preparatory  to  a  brief  examination  of  his  charac- 
teristics as  a  man  of  letters.  Although  the  first  vol.  of  the 
History  was  at  first  severely  censured,  and  then  almost 
entirely  neglected  by  the  public,  yet  the  appearance  of  his 
Dissertation  on  the  Natural  History  of  Religion  before  the 
publication  of  the  second  stimulated  the  languishing  curi- 
osity of  the  reading  world,  and  Hume  found  himself  at 
last  in  possession  of  that  literary  distinction  for  which  ho 
bad  long  pined  in  secret.  The  demaud  for  the  succeeding 
vols,  was  so  great,  that  fortune  was  added  to  fame;  and 
the  former  was  subsequently  augmented  by  several  diplo- 
matic and  other  political  appointments;  among  which  was 
the  Secretaryship  of  the  French  Embassy,  1763-65,  and 
the  post  of  Under-Secretary  of  State  under  General  Con- 
way, 1767-68.  In  1769  he  bade  adieu  to  public  life  and 
the  literary  circles  of  London,  and  returned  to  the  city  of 
his  birth,  doubtles.'s  with  much  of  that  yearning  for  old 
scenes  and  old  friends  so  beautifully  described  by  the 
author  of  The  Deserted  Village.  He  returned  home,  h-e 
tells  us,  "very  opulent,"  for  he  "possessed  a  revenue  of 
£1000  a  year ;  healthy,  and,  though  somewhat  stricken  in 
years,  with  the  prospect  of  enjoying  long  his  ease."  But, 
notwithstanding  the  natural  desire  of  the  philosopher 
"To  husband  out  life's  taper  at  the  close, 
And  kc'Lp  the  flame  from  wasting,  by  repose," 
his  days  had  now  approached  their  termination.  In  the 
spring  of  1775  he  was  attacked  with  a  disorder  of  the 
bowels,  which  gradually  sapped  his  strength,  and  resulted 
fatally  on  the  25th  of  August,  1776.  After  his  death  ap- 
peared, in  1779,  Svo,  his  Dialogues  concerning  Natural 
Religion  ;  and  in  1783,  12mo,  were  pub.  his  disgraceful 
Essays  upon  Suicide.  The  mischievous  efiocts  of  these 
unphilosophical  speculations,  therefore,  were  thus  ex- 
tended, to  the  injury  of  others,  after  the  author  had  gone 
to  his  account.  The  excellence  of  Hume's  character  as  a 
man  has  been  so  well  described  by  Mr.  Mackenzie,  in  the 
story  of  La  Roche,  (see  The  Mirror,  Nos.  42,  43,  44,)  and 
so  unequivocally  attested  by  Adam  Smith  and  other  con- 
temporaries, that  it  is  quite  unnecessary  to  enlarge  upon 
this  bead.  In  the  autobiography  I'rom  which  we  havo 
quoted  above,  the  reader  will  be  often  reminded — notwith- 
standing the  more  ambitious  style  of  the  Historian  of 
Rome — of  the  charming  narration  of  Gibbon  of  the  inci- 
dents of  his  own  life. 

Wc  have  now  to  consider  the  subject  of  our  notice,  first, 
in  the  character  of  a  Mental  and  Moral  Philosopher; 
secondly,  in  that  of  a  Political  Philosopher  and  Political 
Economist;  and,  thirdly,  in  that  of  a  Hii-torian.  It  is 
hardly  necessary  to  remind  the  reader  that  all  that  can 
justly  be  expected  of  us,  in  the  limits  to  which  we  are 
necessarily  circumscribed,  is  an  indication  of  the  best 
,  sources  of  knowledge  respecting  the  authors  of  whom  we 


HUM 


HUM 


treat,  and  brief  citations  of  the  recorded  opinions  of  emi- 
nent authorities  in  the  same  dopartments  of  learning 
which  the  former  have  cultivated. 

Hume  as  a  Mental  and  Moral  PiuLosopnER. 

Of  Hume's  Essays,  Moral  and  Metaphysical,  Lord 
Brougham  remarks  ; 

"To  refuse  these  well-known  Essays  the  praise  of  great  sub- 
tilty,  much  clever  argument,  some  successful  saicasm,  and  very 
considerable  originality,  is  impossible;  but  a  love  of  singularity, 
an  aversion  to  a^ree  with  other  meu,  and  particularly  with  the 
bulk  of  the  people,  prevails  very  manifestly  throughout  the 
work;  and  we  may  recollect  that  it  is  the  author's  earliest  pro- 
duction, the  Treatise  on  Human  Nature,  which  formed  the  basis 
of  the  whole,  having  been  written  before  his  six-and-twentieth 
year,  at  an  age  when  the  distinction  of  differing  with  the  world, 
the  boldness  of  attacking  opinions  held  Siicred  by  mankind  at 
large,  is  apt  to  have  most  charms  lor  vain  and  ambitious  minds. 

"  Accordingly,  he  tinds  all  wrong  in  the  opinions  which  men 
generally  entertain,  whether  upon  moral,  met;iphysical,  or  theo- 
logical subjects,  and  he  pushes  his  theories  to  au  extreme  point 
in  almost  every  instauce.  ...  As  for  his  Inquiry  concerning  the 
Principles  of  Morals,  of  which  he  had  him.self  formed  so  high  an 
estimate,  this  is  indeed  a  very  excellent  work,  and  appears  well  to 
deserve  the  opinion  pronounced  upon  it  by  the  author,  although 
his  Political  Discourses  may  be  superior  in  the  oriij,inality  and 
importance  of  their  views.  .  .  .  There  is  in  this  treatise  a  copious- 
ness and  felicity  of  illustration  rarely  anywhere  else  to  be  found; 
and  it  is  full  of  learned  allusions  and  references,  showing  the 
various  and  extensive  reading  in  which  he  had  indulged.  Nor  is 
it  the  least  remarkable  feature  of  the  work,  that,  thnuj^h  preferred 
by  him  before  all  the  other  pioductions  of  his  genius,  it  contains 
nothing  .at  all  even  bordering  upon  sceptical  opinions." — Life  of 
Hume,  in  Lives  of  Mai  of  Letters  of  the  Time  of  George  III.,  Lon. 
and  Glas.,  1S55. 

'•It  was  in  his  twenty-seventh  year  that  Mi-.  Hume  published 
at  Loudon  the  Treatise  of  Human  Nature,  the  first  systematic 
attack  on  all  the  pi  iuciples  of  knowledge  and  belief,  and  the  most 
formidable,  if  universal  scepticism  could  ever  be  more  than  a  mere 
exercise  of  ingenuity.  .  .  .  The  gre.at  speculator  did  not  in  this 
work  amuse  himself,  like  B.ayle,  with  dialectical  exercises,  which 
only  inspire  a  dispusition  towards  doubt,  by  showing  in  detail 
the  uncertainty  of  most  opinions.  He  aimed  at  proving,  not  that 
nothing  was  known;  but  that  nothing  could  be  known  frum 
the  structure  of  the  Understanding,  to  demonstrate  that  we  are 
doomed  forever  to  dwell  iu  absolute  and  universal  ignorance. 
....  The  Inquiry  [Concerning  the  Principals  of  Jlorals]  affords 
perhaps  the  best  specimen  of  his  style.  ...  In  substance,  its 
chief  merit  is  the  proof,  from  an  abundant  enumeration  of  par- 
ticulars, that  all  the  qualities  and  actions  of  the  mind  which  are 
generally  approved  by  mankind  agree  in  the  circumstance  of  being 
useful  to  society.  ...  On  purity  of  manners,  it  must  be  owned 
that  Mr.  Hume,  though  he  controverts  no  rule,  yet  treats  vice 
vith  too  much  indulgence." — Sir  James  Mackintosh  :  Dissert,  on 
Ethical  Philos.,  prefixed  to  Encyc.  Brit. ;  also  in  his  Miscell.  Works, 
Lon.,  1854,  vol.  i. 

"  From  what  has  been  ali-eady  said,  it  may  be  seen  that  we  are 
not  to  look  in  Mr.  Hume's  Treatise  [of  Human  Nature]  for  any 
regular  or  connected  system.  It  is  neither  a  scheme  of  Material- 
ism nor  a  scheme  of  Spiritualism;  for  his  reasonings  strike 
equally  at  the  root  of  both  these  theories.  His  aim  is  to  establish 
a  universal  scepticism,  and  to  produce  in  the  reader  a  complete 
distrust  in  his  own  faculties.  .  .  .  With  the  single  exception  of 
Bayle.  he  has  carried  this  sceptical  mode  of  reasoning  farther  than 
any  other  modern  philosopher." — Dugald  Stewart  :  Prelim.  Dis- 
sert, to  Encye.  Brit.,  and  in  his  Works. 

"The  centre  of  Hume's  philosophizing  is  his  criticism  of  the 
conception  of  cause.  Locke  had  already  expressed  the  thought 
that  we  attain  the  conception  of  substance  only  by  the  habit  of 
always  seeing  certain  modes  together.  Hume  takes  up  this 
thought  with  earnestness.  Whence  do  we  know,  he  asks,  that 
two  things  stand  to  each  other  in  the  relation  of  cause  and 
elTect?  ....  There  needs  no  further  proof  than  simply  to  utter 
these  chief  thoughts  of  Hume,  to  show  that  his  scepticism  is  only 
a  logical  carrying  out  of  Locke's  empiricism.  Every  determina- 
tion of  universality  and  necessity  must  fall  away,  if  we  derive 
our  knowledge  only  from  perceptions  tiirough  the  senses;  these 
determinations  cannot  be  comprised  in  sensation." — Dr.  Albert 
Schicegler's  Hist,  of  Philos.;  trans,  by  J.  U.  Seelye,  New  York, 
1856. 

"  Hume,  the  most  subtle,  if  not  the  most  philosophical,  of  the 
deists;  who,  by  perplexing  the  relations  of  cause  and  effect,  boldly 
aimed  to  introduce  a  universal  scepticism,  and  to  pour  a  more 
than  Egyptian  darkness  into  the  whole  region  of  morals." — 
Robert  Hall  :  Modern  Infidelity  Considered :  Works,  Lon.,  1853, 
vol.  i. 

"Dr.  Reid  rendered  good  service  to  the  cause  of  truth,  in  op- 
position to  the  sceptical  philosophy  of  Hume,  who  dexterously 
availed  himself  of  the  authority  of  LocUe  in  the  suppoit  of  his 
own  mischievous  dogmas." — Dr.  E.  Williams''s  Ch)-istian  Preacher, 
Lon.,  1843. 

"Th.tt  scepticism  is  the  real  result  of  the  theory  we  have  now 
described  [Locke's  Ideal  System]  is  seen  from  the  use  that  has 
been  actually  made  of  it.  Berkeley  drew  from  it  his  arguments 
against  the  existence  of  the  material  world,  and  Hume  based 
upon  the  s.ime  the  piinciples  by  which  he  sought  to  involve  the 
■whole  superstructure  of  human  knowledge,  from  its  very  founda- 
tions, in  one  scene  of  doubt  and  confusion.  .  .  .  Reid,  in  his  early 
life,  had  been  a  complete  believer  in  this  representative  theory, 
and  had  leaned  strongly  to  Berkleianism,  as  the  natural  result ; 
but  when  Mr.  Hume's  Treatise  on  Human  Nature  came  forth  to 
the  world,  and  hes.HW  the  consequences  to  which  the  whole  theory 
must  ultim.ately  t^^nd,  he  began  to  inquire  within  himself  whether 
that  theory  were  really  a  true  one.    This  inquiry,  according  to 


his  own  account,  he  carried  on  perpetually  for  above  forty  year^ 
and  never  could  gain  any  affirmative  evidence  on  the  question 
except  the  mere  dictum  of  philnsophers.  .  .  .  The  philosophy  of 
Hume,  as  a  whule.  oiiginated  and  fell  with  himself.  A  moic  par- 
tial and  less  daring  scepticism  might  probably  have  gained  many 
followers;  but  it  is  the  inevitable  result  of  every  system  professing 
universal  unbelief,  to  destroy  itself.  The  man  uho  by  any  pro- 
cess of  reasoning  involves  every  portion  of  human  knowledge  in 
doubt,  instead  of  persuading  any  one  to  follow  his  conclusions, 
does  little  more  than  controvert  his  own  principles  bv  a  reductio 
ad  absurdum."— J/oreW.*.?  Hid.  of  M<,d.  Philos.,  Lon.,  1847. 

See  also  Cousin's  Hist,  of  Mod.  Philos.  ;  Lewes's  Hist, 
of  Philos. ;  0.  S.  Henry's  Hist,  of  Philos. ;  Blakey's  Hist, 
of  Philos. ;  Wm.  Archer  Butler's  Leets.  on  Ancient  Philos. ; 
Sir  AVm.  Hamilton's  Discuss,  on  Philos.  and  Lit.;  Lyall'a 
Agonistes,  and  his  Review  of  tho  Principles  of  Necessary 
and  Contingent  Truth  ;  Lon.  Quar.  Kev.,  Ixxiii.  5:i6, 
Ixxviii.  75, — both  articles  by  Jlr.  Lake;  Eclee.  Rev.,  -ith 
Ser.,  XX.  317  ;  Index  to  Blackw'.  ALig.,  vols.  i.-l. 

In  our  life  of  Jeremy  Bentham,  in  this  Dictionary,  we 
have  briefly  noticed  the  famous  doctrine  of  Utility,  of 
which  Hume  was  one  of  the  first  and  most  distinguished 
teachers. 

Before  leaving  this  branch  of  our  subject,  it  may  be  ex- 
pected that  we  should  make  some  comments  on  that 
unfortunate  production  of  our  author's, — the  Essay  on 
Miracles;  but  a  natural  reluctance  to  dwell  on  tho  follies 
to  which  even  great  minds  are  but  too  prone  would  in- 
dispose us  to  linger  upon  the  recollection  of  this  melan- 
choly example  of  intellectual  sophistry  and  literary  dis- 
honesty, had  we  not  already  treated  tho  subject  at 
sufficient  length  in  the  previous  pages  of  this  work.  The 
reader  is  referred  to  the  article  on  Adams.  W>r..  D.D.,  (the 
friend  of  Johnson;)  Campbem.,  GF;onGE.  D.D.:  Douni.AS, 
John;  Leland's  Deistical  Writers:  Works  of  Wm.  Ellery 
Channing;  Works  of  Mr.  Paley;  Lowndes's  Brit.  Lib., 
933,  1I82-9S4,  991-1001;  Remarks  upon  the  Nat.  Hist, 
of  Religion,  by  Mr.  Hume,  &g.,  by  S.  T..  Lon.,  175S,  8vo,* 
and  many  of  the  authorities  cited  abuve  and  below. 
This  matter  may  be  very  well  dismissed  with  the  sensible 
retiections  of  Sir  Walter  Scott,  in  his  account  of  the  Life 
and  Writings  of  the  historian's  friend,  John  Home  : 

'^  The  celeiirated  David  Hume,  the  philosopher  and  historian, 
was  certainly  the  mnst  distinguished  person  iu  the  cycle,  [the 
literary  society  of  Scotland.]  That  he  was  most  unhappy  in 
permitting  the  acuteness  of  his  talents,  and  the  pride  arising 
fiom  the  consciousness  of  possessing  them,  to  involve  him  in  a 
maze  of  sceptical  illusions,  is  most  undeniable,  as  well  as  thjit 
he  was  highly  culpable  in  giving  to  the  world  the  miserable  re- 
sults of  his  leisure." 

Hume  as  a  Political  PHiLosopnER  and  Political 
Economist. 

Here  our  citations  must  necessarily  be  very  brief;  but 
they  will  be  found  to  be  of  the  most  unequivocal  cha- 
racter. 

'•Of  the  Political  Discourses  it  would  be  difficult  to  speak  in. 
terms  of  too  great  commendation.  They  combine  almost  every 
excellence  which  can  belong  to  such  a  performance.  .  .  .  The 
great  merit,  however,  of  these  discouises,  is  their  originality,  and 
the  new  system  of  politics  and  political  economy  which  they  un- 
fold. Mr.  Hume  is,  beyond  all  doubt,  tho  author  of  the  modern 
doctrines  which  now  rule  the  world  of  science,  which  are  to  a 
great  extent  the  guide  to  practical  statesmen,  and  are  only  pre- 
vented from  being  applied  in  their  fullest  extent  to  the  affairs  of 
nations,  by  the  clashing  interests  and  the  ignorant  prejudices  of 
certain  powerful  classes;  for  no  one  deserving  the  name  of  legis- 
lator pretends  to  doubt  the  soundness  of  the  theory,  although 
many  hold  that  the  errors  of  our  predecessors  require  a  slow 
recourse  to  right  principle  in  condurtintr  the  practical  business 
of  the  world.  It  is  certain  that  Dr.  Smith's  celebrated  work,  with 
all  its  great  merits,  is  less  of  a  regular  system  than  the  detached 
essays  of  Mr.  Hume.  The  oiiginality  of  the  latter's  opinions  is 
wholly  undeniable:  they  were  publi.-^hed  full  fourteen  years  be- 
fore the  Wealth  of  Nations." — Lord  IJuouguam:  ubi  supra. 

One  of  the  most  eminent  of  modern  Political  Econo- 
mists remarks  that  Hume's 

"  Essays  on  Commerce,  Interest,  Balance  of  Trade,  Money, 
Jealousy  of  Trade,  and  Public  Credit,  display  the  same  felicity 
of  style  and  illusti-atlon  that  distinguish  the  other  works  of  their 
celebrated  author.  His  views  of  the  commercial  intercourse  that 
should  subsist  among  nations  are  alike  enlightened  and  liberal ; 
and  he  has  admirably  exposed  the  groundlessness  of  the  pre- 
judices then  entertained  against  a  free  inteicourse  with  Prance, 
and  the  fear  of  being  deprived,  were  commercial  restraints  abo- 
lished, of  a  sufficient  supply  of  bullion.  The  masterly  essay  on 
the  Population  of  Ancient  Nations  will  be  noticed  iu  another 
part  of  this  work.  .  .  .  Hume  and  Smith  saw  and  pointed  out 
the  injurious  operation  of  the  Methuen  treaty,  and  exposed  the 
absurdity  of  our  sacrificing  the  trade  with  Franc«  to  that  of  so 
beggarly  a  country  as  Portugal." — McCullodCs  Lit.  of  Polit.  Econ.f 
Lon.,  1845. 

"  The  political  discourses  of  Hume  are  the  best  models  we  have 
of  the  reasoning  that  belongs  to  subjects  of  this  nature.  They 
best  admonish  us  of  the  slow  step  with  which  we  should  advance, 
and  the  wary  distrust  with  which  we  should  look  around  before 
We  think  that  we  have  reached  a  maxim  in  politics. — that  is,  a 

915 


HDM 


HUM 


general  principle  on  the  steady  efficiency  of  which,  in  real  prac- 
tice. WB  may  always  depend.  .  .  ,  And  here  I  would  reooEfinfcitd  . 
to  my  readers  one  of  the  essays  of  Mr.  Hume, — that  on  the  I'npu- 
lousuess  of  Ancient  Nations.  .  .  .  The  laws  of  Henry  the  Seventh 
merit  the  consideration  of  the  stndent.  .It  was  the  intention  of 
these  laws  to  advance  the  husbandry,  manufactures,  and  general 
commerce  of  the  country.  The  observations  of  Lord  Bacon,  and 
the  subsequent  criticisms  of  Hume,  will  afford  the  student  a 
lesson  in  that  most  difficult  and  important  of  all  practical  sciences, 
the  science  of  political  economy.  ...  A  gre;it  part  of  Smith's 
reasonings  [in  the  3d  Book  of  the  Wealth  of  Nations]  had  ap- 
peared in  the  History  of  Hume.  These  two  eminent  philosophers 
— for  on  the  suljfCts  of  political  economy  and  morals  they  deserve 
the  name — had.  no  doubt,  in  their  mutual  intercom  se  eulijihtened 
and  confirmed  the  inquiries  and  conclusions  of  each  other.'" — 
Pri'f.  Smyths  Lects.  rm  Mod.  Hist. 

■*  Humewastiifted  with  admirable  sasracity  in  political  economy ; 
and  it  is  the  ^ood  sense  and  depth  of  his  views  on  that  impfirtant 
subject,  then  for  the  first  time  I  in  his  History  of  England  J  brought 
to  bear  on  the  annals  of  man,  that  has  chietly  gained  foi-  him.  and 
with  justice,  the  character  of  a  philosophic  historian." — Sir  Abchi- 
S.KLi>  Auso.v  ;  £ssat/s,  Polit.,  UUtor.f  and  MUctlL,  Kdin.  and  Lon., 
1850,  iii.  78. 

Hume  as  a  Historian. 
"We  have  already  noticed  the  stvere  censure  elicited  by 
the  publication  of  the  first  vol.  of  the  History  of  England, 
and  the  still  more  provoking  neglect  by  which  this  censure 
was  fiucceeded.  The  expressed  opinions  of  the  few  who 
ventured  to  read  the  book  were  certainly  ill  calculated  to 
encourage  the  amhition  of  the  aspiring  author.  But  no 
one  can  tell  the  story  so  well  as  the  historian  himself: 

*'ln  1752  the  Faculty  of  Advocates  chose  nie  their  librarian, 
an  office  for  which  I  received  little  or  no  emolument,  but  which 
ga\  e  me  the  command  of  a  large  library.  1  then  formed  the  plan 
of  writing  the  History  of  England;  but,  being  frightened  with 
the  notion  of  continuing  a  narrative  through  a  period  of  seventeen 
hundred  years,  I  commenced  with  the  accession  of  the  House  of 
Stuart,  an  epoch  when  I  thought  the  misrepresentations  of  foction 
began  chietly  to  take  place.  I  was.  I  own,  sanguine  in  my  ex- 
pectations of  the  succe.ss  of  this  work.  I  thought  that  I  was  the 
only  histoiian  that  had  at  once  neglected  present  power,  interest, 
and  authority,  and  the  cry  of  popular  prejudices;  and,  as  the  sub- 
ject was  suitt'd  to  every  cajtacity.  I  expected  propoitional  ap- 
plause. But  miserable  was  my  disappointment:  I  was  assailed 
by  one  cry  of  reproach,  disapprobation,  and  even  detestation; 
English,  Scotch,  and  Irish,  whig  and  tory,  churchman  and  sectary, 
freethinker  and  religionist,  patriot  and  courtier,  united  in  their 
rage  against  a  man  who  had  presumed  to  shed  a  generous  tear  for 
the  fate  of  Charles  I.  and  the  Earl  of  Strafford;  and  after  the  first 
ebullitions  of  their  fury  were  over,  what  was  still  more  moitifying. 
the  book  seemed  to  sink  into  oblivion.  Mr.  Millar  told  me,  th:it 
in  a  twelvemonth  he  sold  only  forty-five  copies  of  it.  I  scarcely, 
indeed,  heard  of  one  man  in  the  three  kingdoms,  considerable  lor 
rank  or  letters,  that  could  endure  the  book.  1  must  only  e.Ncept 
the  primate  of  England,  Dr.  Herring,  and  the  piimate  of  Ireland, 
Dr.  Stone,  which  seem  two  odd  exceptions.  These  dignified  pre- 
lates separately  sent  me  messages  not  to  be  discouraged." — Hume's 
Aiitobieii/rap/iij.  pub.  in  1777,  by  Mr.  Strahan.  and  since  prefixed 
to  the  Hist,  uf  Eng.,  his  I'hilnsophical  Works.  Ac. 

Mr.  Ilitchie  (in  his  Lite  of  Hume)  tells  us  that,  after  a 
diligent  search  into  the  literary  hi&tory  of  the  period,  he 
has  been  unable  to  discover  any  trace  of  that  universal 
outcry  which  Hume  complains  of.  But  doubtless  the 
author  heard  more  than  any  one  else  did ;  nuich  that  was 
said  was  never  recorded  ;  and  of  the  la.st  a  large  portion 
may  be  presumed  to  have  perished  or  to  be  buried  in  for- 
gotten archives.  ^Vith  the  recei)tion  of  the  second  vol.  of 
his  History  the  author  had  greater  reason  to  be  satisfied  : 
"This  performance,"  he  tells  us,  "happened  to  give 
less  displeasure  to  the  Whigs,  and  was  better  received.  It 
not  only  rose  itself,  but  helped  to  buoy  up  its  unfortunate 
brother."  As  his  reputation  as  a  literary  man  was  now 
well  established,  the  remaining  vols,  were  received  with 
avidity,  and  those  already  pub.  brought  prominently  into 
notice:  the  sale  was  sufficiently  large,  he  informs  us,  to 
render  him  not  only  "independent,  but  opulent."  "Not- 
withstanding the  variety  of  winds  and  seasons  to  which 
my  writings  have  been  exposed,  they  have  still  been 
making  such  advances,  tbot  the  copy-mt»ney  given  me 
by  the  booksellers  much  exceeded  any  thing  formerly 
known  in  England." 

It  is  now  time  to  examine  into  the  merits  and  demerits 
of  a  work  which  has  so  long  held,  and  which  promises 
ever  to  hold,  a  prominent  place  in  the  front  rank  of  Eng- 
lish literature.  If  we  were  obliged  to  compress  into  the 
limits  of  a  single  sentence  the  characteristics  of  Hume's 
History  of  Kngland,  we  suppose  that  the  following  would 
be  considered  an  impartial  statement  : — Beauty  of  style, 
carelessness  of  facts,  and  intolerance  of  spirit.  Hume 
was  too  fastidious  to  be  inelegant,  too  indolent  to  be 
accurate,  too  bigoted  to  be  impartial.  His  chagrin  when 
obliged  to  stop  the  press  to  make  important  corrections 
on  the  appearance  of  Mnrdin's  Slate  Papers,  and  his 
mortification  at  being  obliged  to  write  to  Robertson 
respecting  the  same  afl'air,  "  we  are  all  in  the  wrong," 
were  necessary  consequences  of  that  haste  which  would 
916 


not.  examine,  and  that  ignorance  which  would  not  learn. 
It  is  declared  that  certain  manuscripts  had  been  spread 
out  for  his  inspection  at  the  State-Paper  Office  for  a  whole 
fortnight,  but  he  never  mustered  sufficient  courage  to  un- 
dertake the  dreaded  investigations. 

'■  ^satisfied  with  the  common  accounts,  and  the  most  obvious 
sources  of  history,  when  librarian  at  the  Advocates'  Library, 
where  yet  may  be  examined  the  books  he  used,  marked  by  his 
hand,  he  spiead  the  volumes  about  the  sofa,  from  which  he  rarely 
rose  to  pursue  obscure  inquiries  or  delay  by  fresh  difficulties  the 
page  which  every  day  was  growing  under  his  charming  pen.  A 
striking  proof  of  his  careless  happiness  I  discovered  in  his  never 
referring  to  the  perfect  edition  of  Whitelocke  s  Memorials  of  17o2, 
but  to  the  old  truncated  and  faithless  one  of  iLiSS.'" — 'JVne  Sovrces 
of  Secret  History;  in  Disraeli's  Curiosities  of  Literature,  ed.  Lon,, 
ISol,  p.  5U. 

"  Hume  often  puts  the  names  of  the  monkish  writers  in  his 
margin;  but  I  feai-  all  he  knew  of  them  was  through  the  media 
of  other  writers.  He  has  some  mistakes  which  could  not  have 
occurred  had  he  really  consulted  the  originals.  .  .  .  Hume  is  cer- 
tainly an  admirable  writer;  his  style  liold.  and  his  reflections 
shi'ewd  and  uncommon;  but  his  religious  and  political  notions 
have  too  often  warped  his  judgment.'" — Dr.  Michard  Farmers 
Letter  to  a  Friend  on  the  Stmbj  of  E/iglisft  History,  in  Goodhugh's 
Lib.  Man.,  43. 

*■  Hume  was  far  too  careless  a  writer,  even  if  the  taste  of  the 
public  in  his  time  had  required  it,  to  trouble  himself  with  the 
minute  labour  necessary  for  this  kind  of  investigation.  Accoi-d- 
ingly,  the  reader  finds  little  in  his  pages  to  bring  him  acquainted 
with  the  antiquarian  details  of  history." — FkUn.  liev.,  Ixxiv.  432. 
"Hume  was  not,  indeed,  learned  and  well-grounded  enough, 
for  tho.se  writers  and  investigators  of  history  who  judged  his 
works  from  the  usual  point  of  view,  because  he  was  not  only 
negligent  in  the  use  of  the  sources  of  history,  but  also  superfi- 
cial."— Sddosser^s  HtU.  of  the  lS(/i  Cent,  Davison's  trans.,  Lon., 
1844.  ii.  78. 

"In  his  treatment  of  the  elder  periods  of  the  English  history, 
he  is  quite  unsatisfactory  and  meagre :  he  had  no  love  for  its 
antiquities,  and  could  not  transport  himself  back  into  the  spirit 
of  remote  ages." — SddegeVs  Lects.  on  the  Hist,  of  Lit.;  English 
trans..  Phi  la..  1854,  331. 

"■The  author,  indeed,  wanted  that  resolute  spirit  of  industry 
and  research  which  alone  can  lead  an  historian  to  become 
thoioughly  acquainted  with  the  valuable  writers  of  the  Middle 
Ages." — Dibdin's  Lib.  Comp.,  Lon.,  1825,  244. 

'■  He  was  far  too  indolent  to  acquire  the  vast  store  of  facts  indis- 
pensable for  correct  generalisation  on  the  varied  theatre  of  human 
affairs,  and  often  drew  hasty  and  incorrect  conclusions  from  the 
events  which  particularly  came  under  his  observation." — Sib 
ARCHIB.4LD  Alison  :  Essays.  PoUt..  Histi/r..  and  Miscell.,  1850,  iii.  78. 
Sir  Archibald  proceeds  to  adduce  an  example  of  the 
errors  to  which  he  refers,  which  example  we  shall  pre- 
sently quote  from  the  History  of  Europe,  17S9-1815. 

The  remarks  which  we  have  just  quoted  are  preceded 
by  some  observations  which  we  feel  unwilling  to  omit. 
Sir  Archibald  gives  his  predecessor  full  credit  for  bis 
sagacity  as  a  political  economist,  (quoted  above,)  his 
ability  as  a  political  commentator  and  as  a  delineator  of 
manners,  bis  eloquence  as  an  orator,  (in  his  glowing  pages,) 
and  his  skill  as  a  debater,  but  continues: 

-But,  notwithstanding  all  this,  Hume  is  far  from  being  gifted 
with  the  phiksojihy  of  history.  He  has  collected  or  prepared 
many  of  the  facts  necessary  for  the  science,  but  he  has  made  little 
progress  in  it  himself  He  was  essentially  a  sceptic.  He  aimed 
rather  at  spreading  doubts  than  shedding  light.  Like  Voltaire 
and  Gibbon,  he  was  scandalously  prejudiced  and  unjust  on  the 
sul'ject  of  religion;  and  to  write  niudern  history  without  correct 
views  on  that  subject  is  like  playing  Hamlet  without  the  character 
of  the  Trince  of  iJenmark." 

These  comments  were  originally  published  in  Black- 
wood's Magazine,  (in  an  article  on  Guizot.)  in  Dec.  1844, 
and  the  reader  will  perhaps  be  surprised  to  find  the  fol- 
lowing reflections  from  the  same  critic,  published  in  The 
Foreign  and  Colonial  Review,  (in  an  article  on  Michelet'a 
France.)  in  April  of  the  same  year: 

"  Considered  as  calm  and  pbilusnphic  narratives,  the  histories  of 
Hume  and  linbertson  will  remain  as  standard  models  for  every 
future  age.  The  just  and  profound  reflections  of  the  former,  the 
inimitable  clearness  and  impartiality  with  which  he  has  summed 
u]i  the  arguments  on  both  sides,  on  the  most  momentous  questions 
which  have  agitated  England,  as  well  as  the  general  simplicity, 
unifcini  cleHrness.  and  occasional  pathos,  of  his  story,  must  forever 
command  the  admiration  of  mankind.  In  vain  we  are  told  that 
he  is  often  inaccurate,  sometimes  partial;  in  vain  are  successive 
attacks  published  on  detached  parts  of  bis  narrative,  by  party  zeal 
or  antiquarian  research:  his  reputation  is  undiminished:  succes- 
sive editions  issuing  from  the  press  attest  the  continued  sale  of  his 
work;  and  it  continues  its  majestic  course  through  the  sea  of  time, 
like  a  mighty  three-decker,  which  never  even  condescends  to  notice 
the  javelins  darted  at  its  sides  from  the  hostile  canoes  which  from 
time  to  time  seek  to  impede  its  progress." — Jifjiriiitid  i»  EssaySj 
Edin.  and  Lon.,  1850,  iii.  410-420. 

We  could  not  in  fairness  omit  the  above  eulogy,  as  we 
profess  to  give  both  sides  of  a  question,  even  when  both, 
are  ably  represented  by  the  same  impartial  champion. 

"1  have  already  adverted  to  Gardiner's  resolute  assertion  of  the 
law  against  the  prince's  single  will,  as  a  proof  that,  in  s])ite  of 
Hume's  preposterous  insinuations  to  the  contrary,  the  English 
monarchy  was  known  and  acknowledged  to  be  limited.  .  .  .  The 
misrepresentations  of  Hume  as  to  the  English  constitution  under 


HUM  HUM 

Elizabeth,  and  the  general  administration  of  her  reign,  have  ,  have  been  fought  at  sej  "-Sir  Ab^^^^^^^ 
been  exposed,   siiu-e    tlie    present   chapter  was  ^vritteu,   by    Mr.      1. (,9-181..,  N.  \o.U    lSo6.  u.  o4U-..41. 

'  f     .      -        ...      __i—         o__   ._.  ^_    p^  c)|g^  and  see  Alisons  Essays,  Jbclin.  ana 


bee 


xpost_,  . 

Bi'idie.  in  bis  History  of  tlie  Biitisb  Empire  fmm  the  Accession  i 

of  Cbailes  I.  to  the  "Uestoration,  Tol.  i.e.''-.     In  some  respects,  !   Lon.,  ISoO,  iii.  TS. 
Mr.  B.  seems  to  have  gone  too  far  in  an  opposite  system,  and  to  j       rj^^^^  ^^^^^^  distinguished  authority  joins  in  the  general 


side,  but  he  is  a  man  of  research  and  independence  of  miud. 
is  a  work  of  weight  and  learning,  and  it  appears  to  me  forever 
to  have  damaged,  and  most  materially  damaged,  the  character  of 
Mr.  Hume  as   an   accurate   historian."— iVf/.  Smi/th's  Lects.  on 
Mad.  HisL:  Lrd.  V. 

See  an  elaborate  review  of  Brodie's  History  (Edin., 
1S22,  4  vols.  Svo)  in  the  Edin.  Rev.,  xl.  92-140. 

'•Uume  is  convicted  [by  Mr.  Brodiel  of  sn  many  in.iccuracies 
and  partial  statements,  that  we  really  think  his  credit  among  his- 
toiians  for  correctness  of  assertion  will  soon  be  nearly  as  low  as 
it  has  long  been  with  theologians  for  orthodoxy  of  belief.'' — Edin. 
Sev.,  ubi  supra. 

It  is  alleged  that  Hume,  merging  the  character  of  the 
historian  into  that  of  the  apologist,  was  resolved  at  all 
events  to  make  out  a  fair  case  for  the  Stuarts : 

"  It  is  a  pki-e  of  whining  cant,  and  nothing  better,  for  Hume  to 
represent  all  parties  of  his  day  as  being  '  fired  to  madness  against 
him  fur  presuming  to  shed  a  generous  t^ar  for  the  tate  of  Charles 
I.  and  the  Earl  of  Strafford.'  No  one  ever  found  fault  with  the 
historian  for  shedding  -a  decent  tear'  to  the  memory  of  the  bril- 
liaut  though  unprincipled  courtier,  and  bis  infatuated  master. 
But  he  must  have  known  well  that  the  causes  of  indignation  j 
found  in  his  volume  were  the  false  pretences  put  forth  on  behalf  [ 
of  these  men.  It  was  Uume's  object  to  canonize  them,  and  he 
did  not  scruple  either  to  mutilate  or  to  pervert  the  truth,  when 
necessary  for  his  purpose.  Mr.  Brodie  has  very  ably  and  labo- 
riously exposed  the  mean  artifices  to  which  this  would-be  ingenuous 
historiau  has  had  recourse,  in  order  to  give  the  wisbed-for  tone 
and  colouring  to  documents  which  he  durst  not  quute  entire." — 
Cmmiugham's  Biog.  Hist,  of  Eng.,  Lon.,  185"2,  vi.  100. 

In  Prof.  Smyth's  5th  Lect.  on  Mod.  Hist.,  also,  will  be 
found  instances  cited  of  Hume's  "inaccurate  representa- 
tion of  the  very  authorities  he  quotes."  Gilbert  Stuart 
refers  to  this  suiiject  with  no  little  warmth  : 

"From  its  beginuing  to  its  coudusion  it  [Hume's  History]  is 
chiefly  to  be  regarded  as  a  plausible  defence  of  prei-ogative.  As  an 
elegant  and  spirited  composition,  it  merits  every  commendation. 
But  no  friend  to  humanity,  and  to  the  freedom  of  Ibis  kingdom, 
will  consider  his  constitutional  inquiries,  with  their  effect  on  bis 
narrative,  and  compare  them  with  the  ancient  and  venerable 
monuments  of  our  story,  without  feeling  a  lively  surprise  and  a 
patriot  indignation." 

'•  Rapin  and  Hume  are  our  two  great  historians.  But  it  is 
Hume  who  is  read  by  every  one.  Hume  is  the  historiau  whose 
views  and  opinions  insensibly  become  our  own.  He  is  respected 
and  admired  by  the  most  enlightened  reader:  be  is  the  guide  and 
philosopher  of  the  ordinary  reader,  to  whose  miud,  on  all  the 
topics  connected  with  our  history,  he  entirely  pives  the  tone  and 
the  law.  On  every  account,  therefore.  I  shall  dedicate  the  re- 
mainder of  this  lecture  chiefly  to  the  consideration  of  bis  work, 
that  your  confidence  may  not  be  given  too  implicitly,  and  that 
w  bile  you  feel,  as  you  ought  to  do,  the  charm  of  his  composition, 
the  charm  of  what  Gibbon  called  so  justly  bis  careless  and  iuimit- 
aVile  beauties,  you  may  be  aware  also  of  the  objections  that  cer- 
tainly exist  to  the  general  tendency  and  practical  effect  of  his 
representations.  ...  It  Is  understood,  indeed,  by  every  reader— it 
has  been  proclaimed  Ity  many  writers — that  Hume  always  inclines 
to  the  side  of  prerogative;  that,  in  his  account  of  the  Stuarts,  bis 
History  is  little  better  than  an  apology :  hi.s  pages  are  therefore 
read,  in  this  part  of  his  work  at  least,  with  something  of  distrust, 
and  his  representations  are  not  consideied  as  decisive." — l^rof. 
Siin/tlrs  Lects.  on  Mod.  Hint.;  Lcct.  V. 

"Had  he  written  without  any  such  views,  [predilections  for  the 
Stuarts  and  the  Tories.]  be  might  have  attained  to  an  eminence 
far  beyond  that  which  he  has  reached,  and  descended  to  posterity 
rot  as' the  first  of  all  party  writers  of  history,  but  as  the  author 
of  a  truly  great  natural  work,  the  spirit  and  excellence  of  which 
should  have  been  equally  admired  and  appreciated  by  all  the 
English." — FRKDERtCK  Sciilegel:  Lects.  on  History  of  Lit. 

"No  one  can  be  surprised  if  in  so  short  a  time  allotted  to  the 
whole  work  far  more  attention  was  given  to  the  composition  of 
the  narrative  than  to  the  preparation  of  the  materials.  It  was 
altnfrether  impossible  that  in  bo  short  a  period  the  duty  of  the 
historian  should  be  diligently  performed.  The  execution  of  the 
work  answers  to  the  mode  of  its  performance. 

"  But.  if  the  History  be  not  diligently  prepared,  is  it  faithfully 
written?  There  are  numberless  proofs  of  the  contrary;  but  we 
have  the  most  express  evidence  in  the  author's  own  statement  to 
prove  this  position." — Lord  Brougham's  Life  of  Hume,  in  the  Lives 
of  Men  of  Letters  of  the  Time,  of  Gmrge  J{L,  Lon.  and  Glas.,  1855, 
182-183. 

One  of  the  most  eminent  of  our  modern  historians  con- 
siders that  he  has  caught  Hume  tripping  in  the  reflection 
quoted  below : 

"  It  is  observed  by  Mr.  Hume,  that  actions  at  sea  are  seldom  if 
ever  so  decisive  as  those  on  laud  :  a  remark  suggested  by  the  re- 
peated indecisive  actions  between  the  English  and  Dutch  in  the 
reign  of  Charles  II..  but  which  affords  a  striking  proof  of  the 
dancer  of  generalising  from  too  limited  a  collection  of  facfs.  Had 
he  extended  his  retrospect  farthpr.  he  would  bave  o]is.M\td  that 
the  most  decisive  and  important  of  all  actions  recorded  in  history 


We  entirely  coincide  with  this  assertion:  Hume  will 
always  be  read,  in  spite  ol  his  carelessness,  in, spite  of  hia 
errors,  and  even  in  spite  of  his  perversions.  Nine  readers 
seek  anuiscment  where  one  seeks  instruction,  and  even 
the  tenth  man  will  not  neglect  Hume;  nor  can  he  safely 
be  neglected. 

"  The  accuracy  of  Hume,"  remarks  an  eminent  legal  authority 
of  America,  *■  in  respect  of  the  two  first  princes  of  the  house  of 
Stuart,  has  been  severelv  attacked  by  K}.  Stuart.  Whitaker.  Brodie, 
and  others:  but  his  charming  stvle.  his  profound  sagacity,  and 
his  philosophical  rellections.  clothe  his  great  work  with  irresistible 
attractions."'— CHANctLU'B  Kknt. 

'•It  is.  I  submit,'"  says  Dr.  Dibdin,  "  in  the  reign  of  Elizadkth 
that  the  true  genius  of  Hume  may  be  said  to  shine  forth.  Here 
we  have  pathos  and  argument,  vigorous  delineation  nf  character 
and  statesmanlike  views  of  policy  :  but  the  reign  of  Elizabeth 
was  worthy  of  the  exercise  of  such  tiileuts."— ii&.  Comp.,  ed. 
1S25.  244-246.  ^  ,t  •  i- 

Dr.  Johnson,  certainly  no  admirer  of  Hume  in  any  ot 
his  characters  save  that  of  a  lory,  evinced  his  usual  con- 
tempt of  popular  opinions  Viy  declaring  against  the  much- 
lauded  style  of  the  historian  : 

'■The  conversation  now  turned  upon  Mr.  David  Hume's  style, 
JouNsox.  '^Vhy,  sir,  his  style  is  not  English;  the  structure  of 
his  sentences  is  French.  Now,  the  French  structuie  and  the 
English  structure  may  in  the  nature  of  things  be  equally  good. 
But  if  you  allow  that  the  Eufilish  language  is  estabhshed,  he  is 
wrong.  My  name  might  originally  have  bt-tn  Nichulsou  as  well 
as  .Johnson  ;  but  were  you  to  call  me  Mcbolson  now,  you  would 
call  uie  very  absurdly.'" — BosweU's  Life  of  Johnson,  ed.  Lou., 
1S47,  150. 

This  quotation  may  remind  the  reader  of  the  criticism  of 
acelebrated  reviewer  of  our  own  day.  Commenting  on  the 
literature  of  "  the  reigns  of  the  first  two  Georges,  and  the 
greater  part  of  that  which  ensued,"  Lord  Jeffrey  remarks: 
"The  name  of  Hume  is  by  far  the  most  considerable  which 
occurs  in  the  period  to  which  we  have  alluded.  But.  though  bis 
thinking  was  English,  his  style  is  entirely  French;  and,  being 
naturally  of  a  cold  fancy,  there  is  nothing  of  that  eloquence  or 
richness  about  him  which  characterizes  the  writings  of  'J'aylor, 
and  Hooker,  and  Bacon,  and  continues,  with  less  weight  of  matter, 
to  please  in  those  of  Cowley  and  Clarendon.' — Eevieiv  nfthe  Works 
of  Sivift.  in  Edin.  Hcv.,  Sept.  1816,  and  in  Contrib.  to  Edin.  Bev., 
Lon.,  1853.  77. 

Prof.  Smyth's  reflections  in  his  22d  Lecture  upon  the 
Reign  of  AViilinm  III.  will  be  cordially  endorsed  by  the 
vast  majority  of  historical  students: 

"  And  new.  when  we  enter  upon  tlie  reign  of  ^Villiam,  we  have 
no  longer  the  a.ssistance  of  the  philosophic  Hume.  Me  have  no 
longer  within  our  reach  those  penetrating  observations,  those 
careless  and  inimitable  beauties,  which  were  so  justly  the  delight 
of  Gibbon,  and,  with  whatever  prejudices  they  may  be  accum- 
panied.  and.  however  suspicious  may  be  those  representations 
which  they  sometimes  enforce  and  adorn,  still  render  the  loss  of 
his  pages  a  subject  of  the  greatest  regret,  and  leave  a  void  which 
it  is  impossible -sidequately  to  supply."— Z<c^v.  on  M<kL  Hist. 

"The  triumvirate  of  British  historians.  Hume,  Robertson,  and 
Gibbon,  who  exemplified  in  their  very  dissimilar  styles,  the  triple 
contrast  and  harmony  of  simplicity,  elegance,  and  splendour.'' — 
James  Montoomert  :  Lects.  on  Mod.  Eng.  Lit. 

^Xc  extract  the  following  lines  from  Gibbon's  Auto- 
biography, as  furnishing,  in  connexion  with  the  preceding 
quotation,  a  curious  instance  of  coincidence: 

"The  candour  of  Dr.  Koliertson  embraced  his  disciple.  A 
letter  from  Mr.  Hume  overpaid  the  labour  of  ten  years:  but 
I  have  never  presumed  to  accept  a  place  in  the  triumvirate  of 
British  historians." 

Gibbon's  epigrammatic  description  of  the  style  of  the 
two  historians  with  whom  his  name  is  so  often  associated 
has  been  already  referred  to  more  than  once,  and  may 
here  be  properly  quoted : 

"  The  perfect  composition,  the  nervous  la  nguage.  the  welbturned 
peri(xls  of  Dr.  Robertson,  intlamed  nie  to  the  ambitious  hope  that 
I  mij^ht  one  day  tread  in  bis  footsteps:  the  calm  philosophy,  the 
careless  iniaiita'lile  beauties  of  his  fi  ieud  and  rival,  often  forced  me 
to  close  the  volume  with  a  mixed  sensatiou  of  delight  and  de- 
spair."— Ubi  sujyra. 

Comparisons, well  worthy  of  perusal,  between  the  historiog 
of  Gilibon,  Robertson,  and  Hume,  will  be  found  in  Schlos- 
ser's  History  nfthe  18th  Century,  in  Frederick  Schlegerg 
Lects.  on  the  History  of  Literature,  and  (by  Win.  Giflnrd) 
in  the  London  Quarterly  Review,  vol.  sii.  369-375.  These 
critiques  we  had  intended  to  quote  in  this  article,  but  we 
have  already  transcended  our  limits.  We  may  remark, 
in  brief,  that  Schlegel  and  Gifford,  without  the  least  hesi- 
tation, assign  thepriority  in  merit  to  Hume:  and  Schlo?ser 
seems  iucliued  to  award  a  similar  judgment.     In  our  life 

917 


HUM 


nuM 


of  Thomas  Carte,  (p.  347,)  we  hnve  indicated  the  source 
to  which  Hume  iv.is  perhaps  principally  indebted  for  whac 
the  lawyers  would  call  the  "  learning  of  his  history." 

The  many  authorities  already  noticed  by  us  must  be  con- 
sulted by  the  historical  student,  and  he  must  not  neglect 
to  add  the  following  to  his  list  of  references  : — 1.  Letters  on 
Mr.  Hume's  History  of  Great  Britain,  by  Dan.  Macqueen, 
D.D.,  Kdin.,  1756,  8vo.  2.  Observations  on  Ilunie's  His- 
tory of  England,  by  Joseph  Towers,  IjL.D..  Lon.,  177S, 
8vo.  .S.  The  Life  of  David  Hume,  written  by  himself, 
pub.  by  Adam  Smith,  with  a  .Supp.,  1777,  'S'.l,  12mo.  4.  An 
Account  of  the  Life  and  Writings  of  David  Hume,  by  T.  E. 
Eitchie,  1807,  8vo.  See  No.  34.  5.  Private  Correspondence 
of  David  Hume  with  several  distinguished  Persons,  1761- 
76,  4to,  1820.  6.  Letters  of  David  Home,  edited  by  Dr. 
Murray,  1842,  8vo.  7.  Hume's  Life  and  Correspondence, 
edited  by  John  Hill  Burton,  [q.  v.  in  this  Dictionary,]  from 
the  Papers  bequeathed  l)y  his  Nephew  to  the  Royal  .Society 
of  Edin.,  and  other  Original  Sources,  1846,  2  vols.  Svo; 
1850,  Svo.  8.  Letters  of  Eminent  Persons  addressed  to 
David  Hume,  1841t,  Svo  ;  also  edited  by  Mr.  XJurton.  This 
vol.  must  accompany  the  two  preceding.  9.  Lon.  Quar. 
Rev.,  Lxxviii.  40.  This  is  a  review  of  No.  7.  10.  Edin.  Rev., 
Ixxxv.  1.  11.  N.  Brit.  Rev.,  vii.  288.  12.  Dubl.  Univ. 
Mag.,  x.\vii.  356,  576.  13.  Westm.  Rev.,  xlvi.  144.  14. 
Lon.  Athen.-Bum,  1846,  261,  289.  15.  N.  York  Eclec.  M.ag., 
Tiii.  80,  25S.  Nos.  11-15  are  reviews  of  No.  7.  16.  Lon. 
AthenKum,  1849,  114.  This  is  a  review  of  No.  8.  17. 
Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  April,  1849.  This  is  a  review  of  Nos. 
7  and  8.  18.  Edin.  Monthly  Rev.,  v.  127.  19.  Lon.  Month. 
Rev.,  xcvii.  347.  Nos.  18"  and  19  are  reviews  of  No.  5. 
20.  Disraeli's  Miscellanies  of  Literature.  21.  Disraeli's 
Calamities  of  Authors.  22.  Disr.-ieli's  Quarrels  of  Authors. 
23.  Disraeli  on  the  Literary  Character.  24.  Smith's  Wealth 
of  Nations,  McCulIoch's  ed.  of  1850.  25.  ICeddie's  Cyc. 
of  Lit.  and  Scientific  Anec.  26.  Arvine's  Cyc.  of  Anec. 
of  Lit.  and  the  Fine  Arts.  27.  Green's  Diary  of  a  Lover 
of  Lit.,  in  Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  Jan.  1834.  28.  Goodhugh's 
Eng.  Gent.  Lib.  Man.  29.  lade.x  to  vol.  i.  Encyc.  Brit. 
30.  Hazlitt's  First  Acquaintance  with  the  Poets.  31.  Mc- 
moires  ot  Corresp.  de  Mad.  D'Epinay.  32.  Lawrence's 
Lives  of  the  British  Historians.  33.  Chambers  and  Thom- 
son's Biog.  Diet,  of  Eminent  Scotsmen.  34.  Foster's  Es- 
says, 1856,  i.  95-110.  This  is  a  review  of  No.  4.  35.  N. 
Amcr.  Rev.,  Ixix.  537,  (l:iy  Francis  Bowen.)  36.  Phila. 
Analec.  Mag.,  i.  377.  37.  New  Englander,  i.  167,  by  J.  I\Iur- 
doch  ;  and  the  following  Lives  in  this  Dictionary  : — Cakte, 
Thomas;  Clarke,  James  Stanier;  Gibbon,  Edward. 
The  reader  will  understaud  that  in  the  above  reference  to 
authorities  previously  enumerated,  therefore  not  repeated 
in  the  list  just  given,  we  meau  to  include  all  of  the  autho- 
rities noticed  in  the  course  of  this  article. 

Whilst  it  is  deeply  to  be  regretted  that  Hume's  literary 
vanity  and  unphilosophical  thirst  after  notoriety  so  often 
betrayed  him  into  speculations  whose  practical  effect  is  to 
eradicate  the  first  principles  and  the  last  hopes  of  morality 
and  religion,  we  are  pleased  to  be  able  to  quote,  for  the 
encouragement  of  our  studious  readers,  a  retlection  which 
has  doubtless  stimulated  many  to  days  and  nights  of 
mental  labour  .and  intellectual  toil: 

'•  Such  a  superiority  do  the  pursuits  of  literature  possess  above 
every  other  occup.ition,  th.it  even  he  who  attains  but  a  mediocrity 
iu  them  merits  the  pre-emineuce  above  those  that  excel  the  nios't 
in  the  common  and  vulgar  professions."— i/istory  of  England: 
Reign  nf  James  I. 

Hume,  David,  1765-1838,  Baron  of  the  Exchequer 
in  Scotlanil,  and  nephew  of  the  preceding.  1.  Commen- 
taries on  the  Law  of  Scotland  resp.  the  Descrip.  and  Pun- 
ish, of  Crimes,  Edin.,  1797,  2  vols.  4to;  Supp.,  1814,  4to; 
2d  ed.,  1819,  2  vols.  4to;  3d  ed.,  1829,  2  vols.  4to;  4th  ed., 
with  Supp.  and  Notes,  by  B.  R.  3ell,  1845,  2  vols.  4to, 
£4  4».  A  most  valuable  work.  See  1  Edin.  Law  Jour 
485;  S3  Edin.  Rev.,  196-223. 

"  A  Kreat  work  of  oiiKinal  thought."— iord  CaokburrCs  Memo- 
rials of  his  Oiun  Time,  Lon.,  1S66. 

2.  Commentaries  on  the  Law  of  Scotland  respecting 
Trial  for  Crimes,  1800,  2  vols.  4to.  Respecting  Baron 
Hume,  see  Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  Nov.  1838;  Lord  Cockburn's 
Memorials  of  his  Own  Time.  See  also  preceding  article, 
Nos.  7  and  8.  i  o  . 

Hume,  Franci.s,  M.D.     See  Home. 

Hume,  Gustavus.  Med.  treatises,  1802,  '04,  both  Svo. 

Hume,  J.  D.,  1774-1842.  1.  Thoughts  on  the  Corn- 
Laws,  1815.     2.  Laws  of  the  Customs,  1S35,  Svo. 

Hume,  Jac.  Pantalconis  Vaticinia  Satyra,  Rothm., 
163:1.  12mo. 

Hume,  John,     Serm.,  Ac,  1670,  '76. 

Hume,  Johu,  D.D.,  d.  1782,  Preb.  of  Westminster; 


Canon- Residentiary  of  St.  Paul's  ;  Bishop  of  Bristol,  1 758  ; 
trans,  to  Oxford,  1758;  tr.ans.  to  Salisbury,  1766.  Five 
germs.,  pub.  sep.arately,  1747,  '57,  '58,  '62,  all  4to. 

Hume,  John, M.D.  Fcversof  W.  Indies,Lon.,1778,8vo. 

Hume,  John.     Scrms.,  Edin.,  1775,  Svo. 

Hume,  Joseph,  M.P.,  1777-1S55,  an  eminent  Eng- 
lish statesman,  ]iub.  several  political  si)eeches  and  some 
literary  productions.  See  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit.;  Men  of  the 
Time,  Lon..  1852;  Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  April,  1855;  Index 
to  Blackw.  Mag.,  vols.  i.-l. 

Hume,  Patrick,  a  schoolmaster  of  London,  was  the 
author  of  Annotations  on  Milton's  Paradise  Lost,  pub.  in 
the  6th  edit.,  1695,  fol.,  by  Jacob  Tonson. 

"This  very  elaborate  conimeutary  may  I>e  considered  .is  the  firs* 
attempt  to  illustrate  au  English  cl.issie  by  copious  and  continued 
notes." — Dr.  Drake. 

"Judging  by  his  notes,  which  are  exceedingly  curious  and 
learned,  he  appears  to  have  heeu  n  man  of  cultivated  taste,  and 
very  extensive  erudition." — Blaekw.  Mag.,  iv.  6oS-662,  q.  v.  for 
an  exposition  of  the  plagiarisms  from  Hume,  by  John 
Callander,  in  his  annotations  to  the  First  Book  of  Para- 
dise Lost,  pull,  by  Fonlis  of  Glasgow  in  1750.  See  also 
Callander,  John;  Chambers  and  Thomson's  Biog.  Diet, 
of  Eminent  Scotsmen,  1855,  iii.  144  ;  Warton's  Notes  to  his 
ed.  of  Milton's  lesser  Poems  ;  Todd's  ed.  of  the  Poet.  Works 
of  Milton.  Bishop  Newton  highly  commends  Hume's 
annotations. 

"  The  truth  is  that  this  now-unknown  and  forgotten  individual, 
who  would  not  even  place  his  name  before  his  work,  [his  siL'nature 
is  P.  H.  '^l^o7^otl7TlJS.]  deserves,  in  point  of  erudition,  good  taste, 
and  richness  of  ciassi&U  illustration,  to  be  ranked  as  the  father  of 
that  style  of  comparative  criticism  which  has  been  so  much  em- 
ployed, during  these  later  days,  in  illustrating  the  works  of  our 
j^Ttat  poet." — Blaclao.  Mag.,  uhi  stqira. 

Hume,  R.  M.     Chancery  Delays  and  their  Remedy, 
Lon.,  1830,  Svo. 
j      Hume,  Sophia.     Theolog.  treatises,  1751,  '66.     See 
!  Darling's  Cyc.  Bibl.,  i.  157S  ;  Rich's  Bibl.  Amer.  Nova,ii.441. 

Hume,  Tobias,  1.  First  Booke  of  Ayres,  French, 
Pollish,  and  others  together,  1605.  2.  Poeticall  Musicko, 
Lon,,  1607,  fol. 

Hume,  Wm.     The  Priesthood,  Lon.,  1710,  Svo. 

Hunilray,  Rev.  Francis.  Thoughts  on  Happiness: 
a  Pmcui.  ISls,  Svo. 

Humfray,  Nathaniel.     Poetical  Sketch,  1802,  Svo. 

Humrredus,  Au.iUrf  Humphrey. 

Hnnifries.  Isaac.  Inflammation  ;  Phil.  Trans.,  1794. 

Htimpago,  lienj.     Med.  treatises,  1789,  '94. 

Humphrey,  Old,  i'.  e.  Mr.  Ceorge  Mogridge,  of 
London,  d.  1854,  was  the  author  of  many  interesting  rcli- 
gicms  books  and  essays,  intended  especially  for  the  young, 
which  enjoyed  an  extensive  popularity.  Old  Humphrey's 
Works;  (volumes  sold  separately.  ISmo  :) — Observations; 
Walks  in  London;  Old  Sca-Captain;  Pithy  Papers;  Ad- 
dresses; Homely  Hints;  Grandparents;  Pleasant  Tales; 
Thoughts;  Country  Strolls  ;  Isle  of  Wight;  N.  Amer.  In- 
dians. See  Memoirs  of  Old  Humphrey,  pub.  by  the  Lon. 
Religious  Tr.act  Society,  and  by  the  Amcr.  S.  S.  Union. 
Also,  his  Life,  Char.acter,  and  Writings,  by  Chas.  Williams, 
with  portrait  on  steel,  Lon.,  1S57.  JNiogriilge  borrowed  the 
name  of  Peter  Parley  in  the  title-pages  of  seven  of  his 
books,  (not  included  in  the  list  just  given.) — historical, 
geogr,aphical,  Ac, — of  which  the  true  Peter  Parley  com- 
plains with  justice.  See  S.  G.  Goodrich's  Recollections, 
1856,  ii.  553-554. 

Humphrey,  Charles.  Collec.  of  Pr.ac.  Forms  in 
Suits  of  Law,  Albany,  1S45,  2  vols.  Svo. 

Humphrey,  George.  Con.  to  Trans.  Linn.  Soc,  1789. 

Humphrey,  Heman,  D.D.,  a  Presbyterian  divine, 
President  of  Amherst  College,  1823-45.  1.  i'our  in  Franco, 
Great  Britain,  and  Belgium,  N.  York,  1S38,  2  vols.  12uio. 
2.  Domestic  Education,  Amherst,  ISrao.  3.  Letters  to  a 
Son  in  the  Ministry,  1842.  See  N.  Y'ork  Lit.  and  Theolog. 
Rev.,  i.  31;  N.  Haven  Chris.  Month.  Spec,  viii.  428. 

Humphrey,  John.  Theolog.  treatises,  Lon.,  1652-SO. 

Humphrey,  Laurence,  1527?-1590,  a  learned  di- 
vine,  educated  at  Cambridge  and  Oxford;  Queen's  Prof, 
of  Divinity  at  Oxford,  1560;  President  of  Magdalene 
Coll.,  Oxf.,  1561;  Dean  of  Gloucester,  1570;  Dean  of 
Winchester,  15S0.  He  pub.  a  number  of  scrms.,  treatises 
against  Campian  the  Jesuit,  and  other  works,  1558-88,  for 
nn  account  of  which  see  Athen.  Oxon.  See  also  Fuller's 
Abel  Redivivus;  Strype's  Cranmer;  Strype's  Parker. 

"  Humphrey  was  a  great  and  general  scholar,  au  able  linguist, 
a  deep  divine;  and  for  his  excellence  of  style,  exactness  of  method, 
and  substance  of  matter  in  his  writings,  went  beyond  most  of  our 
theologists." — Wood. 

"  Dr.  Humphrey  h.ad  read  more  fathers  than  Campian  the  Jesuit 
evers.iw.;  devoured  more  than  he  ever  tasted:  and  taught  mora 
iu  the  University  of  Oxford,  than  he  had  either  leai-ned  or  heard." 
— Aucnaisuop  'I'obias  Mattu£w. 


HUM 


IIUN 


n«mphrey,  W.  C.  Observ.  on  the  Inutility  of  Grand 
Juries,  ami  PiigKcs.  fur  their  Abolition,  Lon.,  1842,  8vo. 

"  It  is  wiitteii  with  i-almness  huiI  cundniir.  aud  is  the  work  of  :i 
practital  Dian,  tboroui;li!y  acquaiuted  with  the  subject  on  which 
he  writes.'' — 'M  Laiu  Mnii  ,  242. 

Humphreys,  Asher.  Ordination,  Lon.,  1719,  Svo. 
IJuinphrcys,  David,  D.D.,  Sec.  to  the  Soc.  for  the 
Pr'ij..  of  tlio  Gospel,  I'ub.  two  tbeulog.  works,  Lon.,  1714, 
'21,  8vo,  and  the  following  valuable  history: — An  Histori- 
cal Account  of  the  Incorporated  Society  fur  the  Propaga- 
tion of  the  Gospel  in  Foreign  Parts;  containing  their 
Foundation,  Proceedings,  and  the  success  of  their  Mis- 
sionaries in  the  British  Colonies,  to  the  year  1728,  Lon., 
8vo,  pp.  35(j.  This  work — which  every  collector  of  Ame- 
rican history  should  possess — is  illnstnited  with  two  maps, 
one  of  Carolina,  the  other  of  New  England,  kc,  by  Her- 
man Moll.  This  excellent  society  was  established  in  1701. 
See  Hawkins,  Ernest;  Bickersteth's  C.  S. ;  N.York 
Church  Rev.,  iv.  43::,  022;  v.  108,  274,  435,  G15, 

Humphreys,  David,  LL.D.,  1753-1818,  anntive  of 
Derby,  Cunneeticut,  a  colonel  in  the  American  Revolu- 
tionary Army,  aide-de-camp  to  General  Washington,  and 
a  member  of  his  family,  graduated  at  Yale  College  in  1*^71. 
Ho  served  liis  country  in  various  political  capacities,  both 
at  home  and  abroad,  and  employed  his  pen  as  well  as  his 
sword  in  the  promotion  of  her  liberties.  His  principal 
poetical  productions  are  An  Address  to  tlio  Armies  of  the 
United  State.s,  1772  ;  a  Poem  on  the  Happiness  of  Ame- 
rica; The  ^Vidow  of  Mulaliar,  a  Tragedy  ;  and  a  Poem  on 
Agriculture.  He  assisted  Trumbull,  Darlow,  and  Hopkins 
in  the  composition  of  The  Anarchiad,  and  wrote  a  life  of 
General  Putnam,  ])nb.  in  Humphrey's  Miscellaneous  Works, 
N.  York.  1790  and  1804,  8vo.  This  biography,  enlarged, 
with  an  Ajipcndlx,  Notes,  and  an  Account  of  Bunker  Hill 
Battle,  was  repub.,  Bost.,  ISIS,  Svo,  by  S.  Swett.  See  Gris- 
wold's  Poets  and  Poetry  of  America;  Duyckincks'  Cyc. 
of  Amei\  Lit. :  Rich's  Bibl.  Amer.  Nova,  ii.  331,  487  ;  Lon. 
Athenaeum,  18.33,  810;  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  iv.  98,  (by  W.  Tu- 
dor;) Carey's  Amer.  Mus.,  i.  230;  iii.  273;  N.  Haven  Chris. 
Mnnth.  Spt'C,  ii.  3r.7. 

Humx*hrcys,  ¥!>•  R.  Educational  works,  Lon.,  1843- 
56. 

Humphreys,  Frauds.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1787,  Svo. 

Humphreys,  Heury  Noel.  1.  Origin  of  Coins  and 
Art  of  Coining,  Lon.,  Svo.  2.  Coins  of  England,  1847, 
p.  Svo.  3.  In  conjunction  with  Owen  Jones,  Hluminated 
Books  of  the  Middle  Ages,  1847-50,  fob,  £10  10«.;  large 
paper,  £113  16s.  With  30  plates.  A  splendid  work.  4.  Art 
of  Illumination  and  Missal-Painting,  1848,  sq.  ]2mo.  5. 
Hist,  of  Ancient  Coins  and  Medals,  1849,  '50,  Svo.  6.  In 
conjunction  with  J.  0.  Westwood,  British  Moths,  1849,2 
vols.  4to.  7.  Also  in  conjunction  with  J.  0.  W.,  British  But- 
terflies, 1849.  4to.  8.  Ten  Centuries  of  Art,  1851,  imp.  Svo. 
9.  Origin  and  Progress  of  the  Art  of  Writing,  1852,  4to; 
3d  ed.,  1855,  imp.  Svo.  A  very  valuable  work.  10,  Coin- 
Collector's  Manual,  (Bohn's  Scientific  Lib.,  26,  27.)  1853, 
2  vols.  p.  Svo.  11.  Coinage  of  the  British  Empire,  1853, 
4to.  12.  The  Marine  Aquarium,  1856.  sm.  Svo.  13.  The 
Butterfly  Vivarium,  1858,  sm.  4to.  To  Mr.  H.  we  are  also 
indebted  for  the  beautiful  illuminations  which  illustrate 
A  Record  of  the  Black  Prince,  The  Book  of  Ruth,  Senti- 
ments and  Similes  of  Shakspeare,  &c. 

Humphreys,  Humphrey,  d.  1712,  Dean  of  Bangor, 
was  made  lJish"p  of  Bangor.  1689,  and  trans,  to  Hereford, 
17111.     SL-rm.,  Ilosea  x.  3,  (Jan.  30,)  Lon.,  1696,  4to. 

Humphreys,  James,  d.  1830,  a  lawyer,  a  native  of 
Moutgomeiyshire.  1.  Lett,  to  E.  B.  Sugden,  Lon.,  1827, 
8vo.  2.  Lett,  to  the  Editor  of  the  Jurist.  3.  Eng.  Laws 
of  Real  Property,  Lon.,  1820,  Svo;  2d  ed.,  1827,  Svo.  A 
work  of  authority.  See  2  Mart.  Conv.,  39;  1  Amer.  Jur., 
58;  4  Ktnt  Com.,  9,  n. ;  Marvin's  Leg.  Bibl.,  405;  Edin. 
and  Li>n.  Qiiar.  Reviews. 

Humphreys,  Johu.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1794,  Svo. 

Humphreys,  .lohu  D.,  Jr.    Poems,  Lon.,  1814,  Svo. 

Huuiphrevs,  Saui.     Cannons;  a  Poem,  Lon.,  1728. 

Humi>hreys,  T,     Serm.,  Oxon.,  1812.  Svo. 

Humphreys,  \V,  H,  Reports  Supreme  Ct.  of  Ten- 
nessee. 1839-42,  Nashville,  1841-44.  4  vols.  Svo. 

'•Thny  are  invftlu.'ible." — 1  West.  Law  Jonv.y  ItW. 

Huiuphrie,  Kev.  Thomas,  The  Prebendary  and 
Curate:  Pjirocbial  Affairs,  &c.,  1811.  Svo. 

Humphry,  >V.  \V.   General  Registry,  Lon.,  1830.  Svo. 

Humphry,  William  Gilson,  Preb.  of  St.  Paul's, 
and  "S'icar  of  Northolt,  Middlesex.  1.  Comment,  on  the 
Acts,  1847.  Svo;  1854,  p.  Svo.  2.  Doctrine  of  a  Future 
State:  Hulsean  Lect.  for  1849,  Svo,  1S50.  3.  Early  Pro- 
gress of  the  Gospel:  Hulsean  Lect.  for  1850,  Svo,  1851. 
4.  Hist.  Treat,  on  Book  C.  Prayer;  2d  ed.,  1856,  p.  Svo. 


Hnmphrys,  Thomas.     Hymns,  Brls.,  1793,  Ifirao, 

Humstou,  Kohert.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1589,  '91,  8vo. 

Huufjeriord,  Sir  Authouy.  Advice  of  a  Pro- 
testant Son,  Ac,  Oxon.,  1039,  4to. 

Huuuis,  William,  Chapel-Master  to  Queen  Eliza- 
beth. 1.  Certayno  Psaluis  in  English  metre,  Lon.,  1550, 
Svo.  2.  A  Hyve  fvll  of  Ilunnye,  1578,  4to.  3.  Seuen 
Sobs  of  a  Sorrowfull  Soule  for  Sinne,  &c.,  15S5,  24mo. 
4.  Abridgment;  or.  Meditation  oncertaine  of  the  Psalmes, 
16uio.  5.  Recreations,  1588.  24mo.  See  Warton's  Hist, 
of  Eng.  Poet.  ;  BiM.  Anglo-Poet.;  Lowndes's  Bibl.  Man.; 
Brydges's  Brit.  Bibliog. ;  CarapbcU's  Spec,  of  Eng.  P^ets; 
Dibdin's  Lib.  Comp.,  ed.  1825,  655;  Hallam's  Lit.  Hiat. 
of  Europe,  ed.  1854,  ii.  120. 

Iluut.     Hist,  and  Revelation  of  Scripture,  1734. 

Huut.     Comic  Sketches,  Lon.,  1850,  imp.  ful. 

Huut,  Sir  Auhrey  De  Vere.     See  Dk  Vere. 

Huut,  Charles  Henry,  Merino  and  Anglo-Merino 
Sheep,  Lon.,  isllt.  Svo.     See  Donaldson's  Agrieult.  Biog. 

Hunt,  Mrs.  Charlotte  3Iatilda.  The  Little 
World  of  Knowledge;  arranged  numerically,  Lon.,  1S26, 
12  mo. 

"  Novel  in  its  plan,  excellent  in  its  principle,  and  most  praise- 
worthy in  its  execution." — Lov.  Litiyrary  Ga^ettf..  July  1,  1826. 

Hunt,  Edward.  Abridgt.  of  the  Irish  Statutes, 
1700-28.  Diibl.,  1828,  Svo. 

Hunt,  F.  W,,  M.D.  The  Pantological  System  of 
History,  Pt.  1.  The  Amer.  States,  N.  York,  1855,  ful. 
We  hope  that  this  work  will  be  continued.  It  is  designed 
to  occupy  the  same  relation  towards  History  that  maps 
hold  to  Geograjjliy. 

Hunt,  Frederick  Knight,  1814-1854,  a  native  of 
Buckinghamshire,  associate-editor  of  the  London  Daily 
News.  1846-51,  and  chief  editor,  1851-55,  was  previously 
connected  with  the  Illustrated  London  News,  The  Pic- 
torial Times,  and  The  Medical  Times.  1.  Hist,  and 
Scenery  of  the  Rhine,  Lon.,  1845,  sm.  4to.  2.  Book  of 
Art,  1S46,  4to.  3.  The  Fourth  Estate;  or,  Contributions 
to  the  Hist,  of  Newspapers  and  of  the  Liberty  of  the 
Press,  1850,  2  vols.  p.  Svo.     See  N.  Brit.  Rev.,  xiii.  86. 

"  Contains  a  mass  of  most  varied  aud  valuable  iutbiuuition." — 
Loti.  R'Ur.  Jfcv. 

A  biographical  account  of  Mr.  Hunt  will  bo  found  in 
the  Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  Jan.  1855. 

Hunt,  Freeman,  isn4~1858,  widely  known  as  pro- 
prietor and  editor  of  The  ^Merchants'  Magazine,  was  a  na- 
tive of  tinincy,  Mass.  Whilst  a  resident  of  Boston,  he 
establisheil  The  Ladies'  Magazine,  The  AVeekly  Traveller, 
and  The  Juvenile  Miscellany,  and  also  gave  to  the  world 
Anecdotes  and  Sketches  Illustrative  of  Female  Character; 
and  (in  1830,  2  vols.  12mo)  American  Anecdotes,  Original 
and  Selected. 

''  The  iH'St-known  collection  of  American  anecdotes." — N.  P. 
Willis  :  N.  York  Mirror. 

In  1831  Mr.  Hunt  removed  to  the  city  of  New  York, 
where  he  continued  to  reside  until  his  death.  His  first 
enterprise  in  this  city  was  a  periodical  entitled  The  Tra- 
veller, to  the  columns  of  which  ho  contributed  a  series  of 
entertaining  sketches  of  travel,  which  were  afterwards 
collected  and  pub.  under  the  title  of  Letters  about  the 
Hudson  and  its  Vicinity.  This  vol.  was  reviewed  with 
great  favour,  and  passed  through  three  edits. 

In  1839  Mr.  Hunt  determined  to  supply  a  great  want  in 
the  literary  and  commercial  world;  and  in  July  of  that 
year  he  issued  the  first  number  of  his  famous  Merchants' 
Magazine,  which  now  presents  in  its  thirty-eight  well- 
filled  vols,  a  most  valuable  library  of  Commercial  Litera- 
ture. For  the  energy,  perseverance,  and  talent  success- 
fully developed  in  this  important  enterprise,  Mr.  Hunt 
deserves  more  praise  than  we  have  time  or  space  to  afford 
him.  We  shall,  however,  quote  some  more  valuable 
opinions  than  our  own  at  the  conclusion  of  this  article. 

In  1845  Mr.  Hunt  pub.  the  first  vol.  of  The  Library  of 
Commerce,  and  in  185fJ  appeared  the  first  vol.,  and  in  1857 
the  second  vol.,  of  Lives  of  American  Merchants,  and 
Wealth  and  Worth,  a  Collection  of  Morals,  Maxims,  and 
Miscellanies  for  Merchants.    It  has  been  well  remarked  that 

"  The  titles  as  wt^ll  as  topics  of  these  works  show  the  concentra- 
tion of  purpose  with  which  Mr.  Huut  gives  himself  to  his  chosen 
fielJ  of  literary  liiliour." 

The  subject  of  our  notice  was  elected  a  member  of 
numerous  statistical  and  literary  societies,  and  received 
the  dogroe  of  A.M.  from  Harvard  University.  Other 
notices  of  Mr.  Hunt  and  his  useful  publications  will  bo 
found  in  Poe's  Literati,  N.  York,  1850,  50-52;  Bungay's 
Otf-Hand  Takings,  or  Crayon  Sketches  of  the  Noticeable 
Men  of  our  Age,  1854,  36S-371;  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  July, 
1S5G,  232-233.  The  wise  merchants  (members  of  a  pro- 
fession to  which  authentic  information  is  of  peculiar  value) 

»19 


HUN 

will  need  no  solicitation  of  ours  to  induce  tliem  to  pera^o 
and  repcruse  Mr.  Hunt's  invaluable  vols. ;  liut,  as  regards 
the  Merchants'  Magazine,  we  shall  (to  use  a  mercantile 
phrase)  offer  satisfactory  endorsements  of  our  own  cordial 
commendation. 

"It  oiillerts  and  arranfces  in  good  order  a  large  amount  of 
valuable  stattstic.il  and  other  information.  hiRhly  u.sefuj,  not  only 
to  the  meiclia.it,  hut  to  the  statesman,  to  the  cultivator  of  the 
"^7.1,    1  '  ™-'<nufactuier,  to  the  mariner,  in  short  to  all  classes 

^1!"',  ,°'''^  """*  "•""ding  community."— Uexry  Cuy  :  Ashland, 
29th  .July.  1>:49.  ' 

"  I  regard  it  as  being,  beyond  all  doubt,  among  the  most  valu- 
able periodicals  of  the  times."— Daniel  Wedstee  :  Washington, 
March  18,  1S51. 

jV'^'^''  '°""*  '•  ""st  useful  to  me  in  my  senatorial  labours, 
and  have  been  in  the  hahit  for  many  years  of  carefully  consulting 
It.  — THOMiS  H.  Benton:  Washington  Citv.  April  20,  1S49. 

"  It  is  a  grand  repository  of  useful  fiictsaiid  information,  which 
ran  be  found  nowhere  so  well  digested  and  so  accessible  as  in 
these  numbers."— MiLL.iRD  Fillmobe. 

"  Mr.  Huut  ought  especially  to  be  the  man  whom  the  mer- 
chants of  America  delight  to  honour.  It  seems  strange  that  we 
have  no  similar  publication  in  this  country,  and  yet  we  have  all 
the  raw  materials  for  it  in  great  abundance.  We  want  only  a 
Freeman  Hunt."— James  William  Gildakt,  General  Manager  of 
the  London  and  Westminster  Bank,  and  the  author  of  a  Practical 
Treatise  on  Banking,  ic. 
Hunt,  George.  Serm.,  ISIO. 
Hunt,  George.  The  Book  of  Job,  trans,  from  the 
Hebrew,  Bath,  1825,  8vo. 

Hunt,  Gilbert  J.  Hist,  of  the  Late  War  between 
the  U.  States  and  Great  Britain  from  1SI2  to  1S15,  writ- 
ten in  .Seriptur.al  style,  N.  York,  1810,  12nio. 

Hunt,  Harriot  K.,  JI.D.,  a  native  of  Boston,  Mas's. 
Glances  and  Glimpses,  or  Fifty  Years'  Social,  including 
Twenty  Y'ears'  Professional,  Life,  Bost.,  18o6,  12mo  pp 
418.     See  N.  Ainer.  Kev.,  April,  1856,  577-678. 

Huut,  Henry.  Two  Discourses,  Lon.,  1802,  8vo. 
Huut,  Isaac,  a  native  of  the  W.  Indies,  the  son  of 
the  Rector  of  St.  Michael's,  Bridgetown,  Barbadoes,  and 
the  father  of  James  Henry  Leigh  Hunt,  was  educated  at 
the  College  in  Philadeliihia,  subsequently  studied  l.aw, 
and,  on  his  return  to  England,  became  preacher  at  Ben- 
tinck  Chapel,  Lisson  Green,  Paddington.  He  subsequently 
resided  for  several  ye.ars  in  the  family  of  the  Duke  of 
Chandos,  as  tutor  to  his  Grace's  nephew,  Mr.  Leigh  A 
sketch  of  his  life  will  be  found  in  his  son's  Autobiography. 
l.Serm.,  Matt,  vi.  U,  1781,  Svo.  2.  Serms.,  1781,  8vo. 
3.  Serm.,  Nehem.  ii.  3,  1782,  4to.  4.  Discourses  on  Public 
Occasions,  1786,  8vo. 

"Ue  pulJished  a  volume  of  sermons  preached  there,  fBentinck 
Chapel,  ,n  which  there  is  little  but  elegance  of  diction  and  a 
graceful  mnralily."— icV,;,  Ifuiifs  Ai,li,hi„,in:pl,y. 

5.  Rights  of  Englishmen;  an  Antidote  to  the  Poison 
of  Thos.  Paine,  17'.ll,  Svo. 

Huut,  Rev.  J.  H.  Tasso's  Jerusalem  Delivered  • 
trans,  into  English,  Lon.,  1818,  2  vols.  Svo. 

"  He  is  more  fiiithful  than  Pope  or  Drvden,  more  spirited  than 
Cowper  Ol■^^arton,  and  he  has  less  mannerism  and  affectation 
"y"  Mr.  .sotheby."— ion.  Qmtr.  Kev.,  July,  1821,  4-Jti-437 

The  reviewer  prefers  this  version  to  either  Fairfax's  or 
Hoole's. 

"  A  careful  perusal  of  his  Labours  fullv  juslifieB  the  eulogy  pro- 
Bounced  upon  Ibem  in  the  Quarterly  Keview  of  July,  1S21."— 
Dibibn's  Lih.  Camp.  ^ 

Hunt,  Rev.  J.  P.  Iron  Mask,  Lon.,  1809,  3  vols. 
12mo. 

Hunt,  James.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1642. 
Hunt,  James.     Treat,  on  Stammering,  with  a  Notice 
of  tlie  Life  of  Thos.  Hunt,  Lon.,  1,S56.     Other  w.nks 

Huut,  Jame.s  Henry  Leigh,  b.  October  19,  1784, 
at  Southgate,  Middlesex,  was  the  son  of  the  Rev  Isaac 
Hunt  {ante)  and  Miss  Mary  Shewell,  the  daughter  of 
Stephen  Shewell,  a  merchant  of  Philadelphia.  An  aunt 
of  this  lady's  was  the  wife  of  Benjamin  West,  the  eminent 
American  painter.  Young  Hunt  commenced  authorship 
at  an  early  period,  and,  when  the  poet  was  only  .about  six- 
teen years  of  age,  his  verses  were  collected  by  his  father 
and  pub.,  with  a  large  list  of  subscribers,  under  the  title 
of  Juvenilia ;  or.  Poems  written  between  the  ages  of  Twelve 
and  Sixteen,  Lon.,  1801,  12mo. 

"I  w.as  as  proud  perhaps  of  the  book  at  that  time,  as  I  am 
ashamed  of  it  now.  .  .  .  My  hook  was  a  heap  of  imitations,  all  but 
absolutely  worthless."-ie,V,/,  H,mfs  AutuUograi.hy. 

These  effusions  were  given  to  the  world  shortly  after 
their  author's  departure  from  Christ  Hospital,  where,  like 
Coleridge,  Lamb,  and  many  others  who  afterwards  attained 
distinction,  he  received  his  early  education.  After  some 
experience  as  an  attorney's  clerk,  and  in  the  duties  con- 
nccted  with  a  post  in  the  War  Office,  Hunt  united  in  1808 
with  his  brother  John  in  the  establishment  of  a  weekly  I 
paper  entitled  The  Examiner,  which  periodical,  owing  to 
s  able  editorship,  soon  acquired  great  popularity.  | 


HUN 


.Doubtless  the  practice  which  he  had  cultivated  in  very 
early  life  .as  theatrical  critic  for  the  "News"  now  proved 
of  great  advantage  to  the  young  editor.  Havino-  thu<i  be- 
held him  fairly  launched  upon  that  life  of  liter.ary  activity 
for  which  he  has  been  so  distinguished  for  the  'last  half 
century,  we  must  refer  to  his  piquant  Autobiography  for 
further  particul.ars  of  his  career,  whilst  we  devote  the 
imited  space  to  which  we  are  restricted  to  a  catalogue  of 
his  works,  and  the  citation  of  some  opinions  upon  their 
merits.  ' 

1.  Amyntas;  trans,  from  Tasso,  1820,  12mo.     2.  Auto- 
biography and  Reminiscences,  1850,  3  vols,  p   8vo-  1852 
3  vols   p.  Svo.     See  Eclec.  Rev.,  4lh  Ser.,  xxviii.  40U:  n! 
Brit.  Rev.,  xiv.  143  ;  Amer.  Whig  Rev.,  xiii.  34  ;  N.  York 
Eclec.  Mag    xxi.  247.     3.  Bacchus  in  Tuscany;  a  Poem, 
12mo.^    4.  Bhie-Stocking  Revels.     5.  Book  for  a  Corner- 
Selections  in  Prose  and  Verse,  1849,  2  vols.  12mo  ;  1851 
p.  Svo.     G.  Captain  Sword  and  Captain  Pen  ;  a  Poem  •  3d 
ed.,  1849,  12mo.     7.  Classic  Talcs;  a  Selection  from  Eng- 
lish and  Foreign  Authors,  with  Critical  Essays,  1S13   5 
vols.  12mo.     8.  Descent  of  Liberty;  a  Mask,  1815,  12mo. 
See  Eclec.  Rev.,  May,   1815.     9.  Critical  Essays  on  Iho 
P*formers    of  the    London    Theatres,    ISOS,    12mo.     10. 
Feast  of  the  Poets,  and  other  Pieces,  1814,  12mo-  ISI5' 
12mo.     See  Lon.  Month.  Rev.,  Sept.  1814  ;  Phila.  Analec! 
Mag.,  Sept.  1814.     11.  Foliage;  Poems,  Original  and  Se- 
lected, ISIS,  12mo.     See  Lon.  Quar.  Rev.,  xviii.  324.     12 
Hero  and  Leander.     13.  Hundred  Romances  of  Real  Life- 
a  Selection,  1843,  med.  Svo.     14.  Imagination  and  Fancy- 
Selections  from  English  Poets;  2d  ed.,  1845,  p.  Svo-  3d 
ed.,  lSo2,  cr.  Svo.     See  Brit.  Quar.  Rev.,  i.  563;  Dubl 
Univ.  iMag.,  XXV.  649  :  N.  York  Eclec.  Mag.,  v.  500      15 
Indicator  and  Companion,  1S22,  2  vols.  Svo;  1840,  r.  Svo- 
1S48,  r.  Svo.     16.  Jar  of  Honey  from  Mount  Hybla,  1847* 
p.  Svo;  1852,  Svo.     17.  Juvenilia;  or.  Poems  written  be- 
tween the  ages  of  Twelve  and  Sixteen,  1801,  12mo,  (vide 
ante.)     18.  Legend  of  Florence;  a  Play,  1840,  Svo      19 
Liter.ary   Pocket-Book.      20.  Men,  Women,    and    Books  i 
Sketches,  Essays,  and  Critical  Memoirs,  1847,  2  vols  p 
Svo;  1S52,  2  vols.  p.  Svo.     See  Dubl.  Univ.  Mag.,  x\x 
386;  Bost.  Living  Age,  (from  the  Lon.  Examiner,)  xiv. 
188      21.  Methodism,  1S09,  Svo.     22.  Months  Descriptive 
of  the  Year,  12mo.     23.  Old  Court  Suburb,  1855,  2  vols 
or.  Svo.      See    Blackw.  Mag.,  Oct.  1855.     24.  Palfrey    a 
Love-Storyof  Old  Times;  a  Poem,  1842,  Svo.     25  Poetical 
Works,  1832,  Svo;  1844,  32mo.     See  South.  Lit.  Mess     .x. 
619.     Licluded  in  Hunt's  Poetical  Works  are  a  number  of 
translations.     20.  Reading  for  Railways,  1S50  I'Jmo      27 
Recollections  of  Byron  and  some  of  his  Contemporaries' 
1S28,  4to  ;  2d  ed.,  1828,  2  vols.  Svo.     See  Lon.  Quar.  Rev 
xxxvii.  402;    Lon.    Month.    Rev.,    exv.    300;   Lon.  New 
Month.  Mag.;  Phiia.  Mus.  of  For.  Lit.,  xii.  569;  BvnoH 
George  Gordon,  Lohd.     28.  Religion  of  the  Heart-  a 
Manual  of  Faith  and  Duty,  1853,  fp.  Svo.     29.  Reformist's 
Reply  to  the  Edinburgh  Review,  1810,  Svo.     30.  Report 
on  the  Attorney-General's  Information,  1812.     31    Seer  ■ 
or.  Common  Places  Refreshed,  1840  ;  1848,  med.  Svo.     32' 
Sir  Ralph  Esher,  1S32,  3  vols. ;  1S50,  p.  Svo.     33.  Stories 
from  the  Italian  Poets.  1840,  2  vols.  p.  Svo;  1854,  2  vols 
p.  Svo.     See  Lon.  For.  Quar.  Rev.,  xxxvi.  333;  Bost  Liv' 
Age,  (from  the  Lon.  Spectator,)  viii.  481.     34.  Stories  in 
Verse,  lSo5,  12mo.     35.  Story  of  Rimini;  a  Poem,  1816, 
12mo.     See  Lon.  Quar.  Rev.,  xiv.  473,  (by  Wm.  Giflord;) 
Edin.  Rev.,  xxvi.  476,  (by  Lord  Jeffrey:)  Blackw.  Ma", 
II.  194;  111.  453;  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  iii.  272,  (by  Wm  Tudor  1 
36.  Table-Talk,  1850,  p.  Svo;  1852,  p.  Sv^.'  37.  '"he  Tow;.- 
Its  Character  and  Events,   1848,  2  vols.  p.  Svo      38   Wit 
and  Humour,  Selected  from  the  English  Poets    1846   n 
Svo;  1S52,  p.  Svo.     See  Westm.  Rev.,  xlviii.  24-  Dubl 
Univ    Mag.,  xxix.  74;  Eraser's  Mag.,  xxxiv.  735:  Bust' 
Liv  Age,  (from  the  Lon.  Examiner,)  xii.  97.     In  addition 
to  the  periodicals  already  mentioned  as  claiming  a  portion 
of  Mr.  Hunt's  labours,  he  edited  in  1810  The  ReHeclor  a 
periodical  established  by  his  brother,  of  which  only  four 
numbers  appeared:  wrote  almost  all  the  articles  (Byron, 
llazlitt,  and  Shelley  were  also  contributors)  in  The  Liberal, 
182.,  4  Pfs.  Svo;  established  and  edited  The  Tuller,  and 
Iho   London   Journal;  edited  The  Monthly  Repository 
contributed  to  The  Round  Table,  The  True  Sun,  the  Edin- 
burgh Review,  the  Westminster  Review;  edited  the  Plays 
of  Wyehorley,  Congreve,  and  Farquhar,  Fairfax's  trans. 
01  lasso  s  Jerusalem  Delivered,  and  Selections  from  Beau- 
mont and  Fletcher.     His  translations  of  Redi's  Bacco  in 
Toscano,  the  Lutrin  of  Boileau,  the  Amyntas  of  Tasso, 
and  of  other  pieces,  have   elicited  warm' commendation 
whilst  the  last-named  at  hast  has  not  escaped  without 
censure.     Since  1847  Mr.  Hunt  has  been  in  receipt  of  a 


nuN 

pension  of  £200  per  annum.     Many  of  Hunt's  works  have 
been  repub.  in  America  by  Wells  &  Lilly,  Carey,  Lea  & 
Blanchar.l,  Carey  &  Hart,  Wiley  &  Putnam,  the  Harpers, 
W    P.   Hazaril,  Tii-kuor  &  Fields.  &c.     The  last-named 
house    pub.    in    lSo7,   2    vols.    32mo,    Hunf,s    Complete 
Poetical  Work.s,  collected  and  arranged  by  himself,  and 
Derby  &  Jackson  within    the  same  year  pub.  an  ed.  of 
his  Works  in  i  vols.  12mo.     Ho  who  would  further  gra- 
tify his  curiosity  respecting  this  veteran  litleratcur  and  his 
manifold   Labours  must  refer  to  Moore's  Life  of  Byron ; 
Conversations  between  Lord  Byron  and  the  Countess  of 
Blessiugton;  Hazlitt's  Spirit  of  the  Ago  and  his  Table- 
Talk;    Soutliey's   Life   and   Corresp. ;    (jillillan's   Second 
Gallery  of  Liler.ary  Poets ;   Miss   Mitford's   Kccollections 
of  a  Literary  Life ;   Allan  Cunningham's  Biog.  and  Crit. 
Hist,  of  the  Last  Fifty  Years ;   Moir's  Poet.  Lit.  of  the 
Past  Half-Century  ;  Memoirs,  Jour.,  and  Corresp.  of  Thos. 
Moore ;   Macaulay's  Crit.  and  Hist.  Essays ;  Tuckerman's 
Thoughts  on  thePoets;  Whipple's  Essays  and  Reviews; 
Hilhird's  First-Class  Reader;  Comjiarisou  between  Hunt 
and  Washington  Irving,  in  Blackw.  Mag.,  (American  Wri- 
ters, No.  4,)  .wii.  65  ;  Green's  Diary  of  a  Lover  of  Lit.,  in 
Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  Feb.  1S38;  Blackw.  Mag.,  ii.  38;  v.  97, 
98,640;  vii.  004;  x.  286,  7;!3  ;  xi.  113,  304  ;  .xii.  700;  xiv. 
240,241;  xvi.  67,  69;  xxvii.  389,  435  ;  xxxv.  159;  xxxvi. 
272,  273;  xl.  809;  Lon.  Month.  Mirror,  May,  1810;  Fra- 
ser's  Mag.,  vi.  43;  Lon.  Athenajum,  1832,  &c. ;  Lon.  Lite- 
rary Gazette;   N.  York    Eclt-c.   Mag.,  ix.  384:   xii.  118; 
Amer.  Whig  Rev.,  iv.  417  ;  Dost.  Living  Age,  (from  Lon. 
Examiner,)  i.  342 ;  from  Tait's  M.ag.,  xi.  368  ;  South.  Lit. 
Mess.,  vii.  473,  (by  U.  T.  Tuckerman  ;)  x.  619;  Democrat. 
Rev.,  xxvii.  426,  (Ijy  J.  Savage.)     From   the  many  opi- 
nions   before    us    respecting    tho    characteristics    of   this 
voluminous  ami  pojuilar  author,  wo  can  liud  room  for  a 
few  brief  extracts  ouly. 

Leigh  Hdnt  as  a  Poet. 
"  With  .acute  powers  of  couception,  a  sparkling  and  lively  fancy, 
and  a  .lujiintly-curious  felicity  of  diction,  the  giand  chaiacteiistic 
of  Lciuli  Iluufs  poetry  is  worcl-pdu/ttnu ;  and  in  this  he  is  proba- 
bly without  a  rival,  save  in  the  last  and  best  productions  of  Keats, 
who  contended,  not  vaiuly,  with  his  master  ou  that  ground.  In 
this  respect,  nothing  can  be  more  reniarliable  than  some  passages 


in  Kimiui.  and  in  his  rollection  entitled  Foliuge,  much  of  which 
he  has  siuco  capiiciously  cancelled;  and  he  also  exeri-ised  this 
peculiar  faculty  most  felicitously  in  translations  from  the  French 
and  Italian,  although  in  some  instances  he  carried  it  to  the  amount 
of  grotesqueiiess  or  affectation.  His  heroic  couplet  has  much  of 
the  life,  strength,  and  flexibility  of  Dryden— of  whom  he  often 
reminds  us;  and  in  It  he  follows  gloiious  John,  even  to  his  loTe 
for  triplets  and  Alexandrines." — Aluir's  Sketches  of  Vie  Poet.  Lit.  of 
the  Past  Haljantury. 

"The  days  are  happily  past  when  the  paltry  epithet  of  'Cock- 
ney Poets'  could  be  bestowed  ou  Keats  and  Leigh  Hunt:  the 
world  has  outlived  them.  People  would  as  soon  think  of  apply- 
ing such  a  word  to  Dr.  Johnson.  Happily,  too.  one  of  the  delight- 
ful writers  who  were  the  objects  of  these  unworthy  attacks  has 
outlived  them  also:  has  lived  to  attain  a  popularity  of  the  most 
genial  kind,  and  to  diffusa  through  a  thousand  pleasant  chan- 
nels many  of  the  finest  parts  of  our  finest  writers.  He  has  done 
good  service  to  literature  in  another  way,  by  enriching  our  lan- 
guage with  some  of  the  very  best  translalit.iissince  Cowley.  Who 
ever  thought  to  see  Tasso's  famous  passa^^e  in  Amyntas  so  ren- 
dered ?  [Ode  to  the  Golden  Age  here  quntcd.]  Who.  again,  ever 
hoped  to  see  such  an  English  version  of  one  of  Petrarth's  most 
cbaracteiistic  poems,  conceits  and  all?  [Petrarch's  Contempla- 
tions of  Ueath  in  the  Bower  of  Laura  here  quoted.] 

'•  In  justice  to  Mr.  Leigh  Hunt.  I  add  to  these  flue  translatioDs, 
of  which  every  lover  of  Italian  literature  will  perceive  the  merit, 
some  extracts  from  his  original  poem.>i.  which  need  no  previous 
preparation  in  the  reader.  Except  Chaucer  himself,  no  painter 
of  processions  has  excelled  the  entrance  of  Paulo  to  I'uivenna.  in 
the  story  of  lUmini." — Miss  MitfvrtTs  Hecolkctians  of  a  LiUrary 
Life. 

"At  the  outlet  of  his  career,  his  ambition  was  to  excel  as,  a 
hard.  His  principal  success,  however,  seems  chiffly  to  lay  in  a 
certain  vein  of  e.'^s.iy-writing,  in  which  fancy  and  tamiliarity  are 
delightfully  combined.  Still  he  has  woven  many  rhymes  that 
are  not  only  sweet  and  cheerful,  but  po.ssess  a  peculiar  grace  and 
merit  of  their  own,  besides  illustrating  .some  capital  ide,is  rela- 
tive to  poetical  diction  and  influence.  They  are,  to-be-sure,  de- 
formed by  some  utTences  against  the  dignity  of  the  muse,  in  the 
shape  of  affectations  and  far-fetched  conceits.'' — Tuclcrman's 
Tliouffhts  <m  Ifie  J^jeis. 

Mr.  Tuckerman  here  quotes  some  most  objectionable 
epithets  used  by  the  poet,  ic  which  citotion  be  reminds 
us — thouj^b  his  selection  is  entirely  difleront — of  Lord 
Jeffrey's  excerpta  from  Rimini. 

•'What  can  be  said,"  exclaims  the  terrible  Scotch  reviewer, 
"  for  such  lines  as 

'tjhe  had  stout  notions  on  the  marrying  score,' 
or,       '  He  kept  no  reckoning  with  his  sweets  or  sours,' 
or,      '  And  better  still — in  my  idea  at  least,' 
or.       *  The  two  Uivinest  things  this  world  has  got.' 
"  We  see  no  sort  of  beauty  in  such  absurd  and  unusual  phrases 
as  '  a  dipsomo  waist." — a  ■  scattery  light,'  or  '  flings  of  sunshine,' 
—nor  any  charm  in  such  comparatives  as  ' martialler,'  or  'taste- 


HUN 

fuller.'  or  '  franklier,'  or  in  such  words  as  '  whisks,'  and  '  swaling,' 
and  'fre.aks  and  snatches,'  and  an  hundred  others  in  the  same 
taste."— ii/m.  Sn'.,  .xxvi.  491.  Mr.  Uifford  cites  many  other  in- 
stances very  much  of  the  same  character.     See  No.  35.  a?)?«. 

"  In  spite  of  his  faults,  there  is  something  quite  bewitching  in 
his  character  and  poems.  We  hardly  judge  him  by  the  same 
laws  we  apply  to  other  poets ;  we  are  willing  to  take  him  as  he  is. 
The  same  errors  and  fooleries  which  would  be  insufferable  in 
another  alter  their  aspect,  if  not  their  nature,  as  observed  in  the 
easy  impudence  of  his  chirping  egotism.  .  .  .  There  is  every  rea- 
son to  suppose  that  his  poems  will  long  survive  the  life  of  their 
author  and  the  reputation  of  the  majority  of  his  assailauts."— 
Wlnpph's  J-^ssays  and  Btn-n  iva.  _ 

'•  Leigh  Hunt,  most  vivid  of  poets  and  most  cordial  of  critics.' 
— Jou.v"wiLSON  :  ifecrco/ioiis  of  Cliridiplicr  Korih. 

Leigh  Hunt  as  a  PnosE-WniTER. 

"To  my  taste,  the  Author  of  Rimini  and  Editor  of  the  Exa- 
miner is  among  the  best  and  least-corrupted  of  our  poetical  prose- 
writers.  In  his  light  but  well-suppoited  columns  we  find  the 
raciness,  the  sharpness,  and  the  sparkling  effect  of  poetry,  with 
little  that  is  extravaL'ant  or  far-fetched,  and  no  turgidity  or 
pompous  pretension.  Perhaps  there  is  too  much  the  appearance 
of  relaxation  and  trifling,  (.as  if  he  had  escaped  the  shackles  of 
rhyme.)  a  caprice,  a  levity,  and  a  disposition  to  innovate  in  woids 
and  ideas.  Still  the  genuine  master-spirit  of  the  prose-writer  is 
there ;  the  tone  of  lively,  sensible  conversation  ;  and  this  m.iy  in 
part  arise  from  the  author's  being  himself  an  animated  talker. 
Mr.  Hunt  wants  something  of  the  heat  and  earnestness  of  tho 
political  partisan ;  but  his  fiimiliar  and  miscellaneous  p.iper8  have 
all  the  ease,  grace,  and  point  of  the  best  style  of  Essay-writing. 
Many  of  his  effusions  in  the  Indicator  show,  that  if  he  had  de- 
voted himself  exclusively  to  that  mode  of  writing,  he  inherits 
more  of  the  spirit  of  Steele  than  any  man  since  his  time."— J?M- 
miS  Talie-Tallc:  on  the  I'mse  .Sli/lc  of  I'liets. 

"  lie  is.  in  truth,  one  of  tho  pleasantest  writers  of  his  time,— 
easy,  colloquial,  genial,  humane,  full  of  fine  fancies  and  verbal 
niceties,  possessing  a  loving  if  not  a  '  learned  spirit ;'  with  hardly 
a  spice  of  bitterness  in  his  composition.  .  .  .  His  Imagination 
and  Eancy  is  a  delightful  book.  The  ludicator  and  Seer  are  filled 
with  essays  of  peciiliar  excellence."— ir/(^>i)?e'5  Essays  and  Rt- 
vie  ws. 

"Ills  prose  is  gossiping,  graceful,  and  searching,  and  charms 
many  readers." — Alluii  Cuunill^ham's  Biog.  and  CYit.  Hint,  of  the 
Lit.  'of  the  Last  Fiflij  Ymrs. 

In  a  review  of  Hunt's  edit,  of  The  Dramatic  Works  of 
Wycherley,  Congreve,  and  Fariiuhtir,  (1840,  8vo,)  an 
eniinent  .authority  thus  speaks  of  the  editor  in  the  capacity 
of  a  critic  : 

'*  In  some  respects  Mr.  Leigh  Hunt  is  excellently  qualified  for 
the  task  which  he  has  undertaken.  His  style,  in  spite  of  its 
maunerism,  nay.  partly  by  reason  of  its  mannerism,  is  well  suited 
for  light,  garrulous,  desultory  ana,  half  critical,  half  biographical. 
We  do  not  always  agree  with  his  literary  judgments;  but  we  find 
in  him  what  is  very  rare  in  our  time,  the  power  of  justly  appre- 
ciating and  heartily  enjoving  good  things  of  very  difterent  kinds, 
lie  can  adore  Shakspeare  and  Spenser  without  denying  poetical 
genius  to  the  author  of  Alexander's  Feast,  or  fine  observation, 
rich  lancy.  and  exquisite  humour  to  him  "who  imagined  Will 
Iloneyconib  and  Sir  Itoger  de  Coveiley.  He  has  paid  particular 
attention  to  the  history  of  the  English  drama  from  the  Age  of 
Elizabeth  down  to  our  time,  and  has  every  right  to  be  heard  with 
respect  on  that  sul  ject. '— T.  B.  MaC-IULAY  :  Crit.  and  Mist.  Ussai/s, 
Lon.,  lS.i4.  iii.  1-.;. 

Hunt,  Jeremiah,  D.D.,  1678-1744,  a  Dissenter, 
pastor  for  thirly-seven  years  .at   Pinners'  Hall,  London, 

,  ,     ._   _  f p..      iTin    o;i  A 


pu 


b.  a  number  of  serins.,  Ac,  1716-2o.     A  collectiye  edit, 
of  his  Serms.  and  Tracts  was  pub.  in  1748,  4  vols.  8vo. 

"  In  brief  his  preaching  was  Scriptural,  ctitical,  paraphrastical, 
and  consequently  instructive." — Da.  Lardner. 

Hunt,  John.     An  Appeal  to  the  Kins,  proving  that 
our  ."^aviour  was  aulbor  of  the  R.  Catholic  Faith.  UJ2U,  4to. 
Hunt,  John.  God'sDccrees,  Nonv.,  1720,  8vo;  Glasg., 
17(11.  .Svo. 

Hunt,  John.     1.  Historical  Surgery,  1801.  4to.     2. 
The   Gout.  1805.  Svo.      .3.  Agricult.  Memoirs,  IS12,  Svo. 
4.  British  nrnilhologv,  181 6-22,  13  Pts.  8vo.    Other  works. 
Hunt,  John.     Serm.,  Ac,  1809,  '12,  both  8vo. 
Hunt,  John.     Histor.  Map  of  Palestine,  Lon.,  1832. 
Hunt,  I.eigh.     See  Hunt,  James  Uenrv  Lkigh. 
Hunt,  Nicholas.     Tlicolog.  treatises,  Lon.,  1631-33. 
Hunt,  Philip.     A  narrative  rcsp.  the  Literary  Ee- 
maiiis  of  the  late  John  Tweildell,  Lon.,  1816,  Svo. 
Hunt,  R.     Oration,  Nov.  2(1,  ISOo.  '06. 
Hunt,   R.  S.  and   Ranilel,  J.  F.      Guide  to  tho 
Rei.nl.lic  of  Texas,  N.  York.  ISIiO.  ISmo. 

Hunt,  Richard.     A  Calechisme,  Lon.,  1649,  Svo. 
Hunt,  Robert.    Assada,  near  Madagascar,  Lon.,4to. 
Hunt,  Robert.     Synopsis  of  Diseases  of  the  Skin, 
Lon.,  18."8.  12ino. 

Hunt,  Robert,  h.  Sept.  6,  1807,  at  Devonport,  (then 
Plymuulh  Dock,)  England,  is  well  known  as  a  keeper  of 
the  Mining  Records  at  the  Museum  of  Economic  Geology, 
and  Professor  of  Mechanical  Science  to  the  Government 
School  of  Mines  to  that  institution.  He  is  the  author  of 
a  number  of  works  of  the  highest  authority  on  the  subjects 
of  which  they  treat.  1.  Art  of  Photography,  1841,  '51, 
'53,  '54,  fp.  Svo. 

921 


nuN 


IIUN 


"  A  complete  bistoi-y  of  Photography  in  all  its  varit^d  ramifica- 
tions niid  processes."' — Loii.  Ai't  Journal, 

2.  Kesearches  on  Light  and  its  Chemical  Relations, 
1844,  '54,  8vo. 

"  Mr.  Hunt's  reputation  is  so  Tvell  established,  tliat  we  need 
only  nieulioD  his  pleasing  Tohuiie  to  secure  it  a  favoiiralde  n-ci-p- 
tion  from  the  philosophical  public.'' — Janie$on''s  New  Edai.  Philos. 
Jour. 

3.  Panthea:  the  Spirit  of  Nature,  1849,  8vo. 

"  Philosophy  and  Poetry  are  finely  blended,  and  great  truths 
and  iiiilile  sentiments  are  expressed  in  language  full  of  beauty 
-and  floijueuce." — TV.  Bi-it.  Rev. 

"Throughout  ample  opportunities  are  afforded  for  conveying 
Ecientitic  inlormation  in  a  popuhir  form,  and  these  have  lieen 
liberally  and  well  embraced  by  the  Author.'' — Lon.  At-heinrum. 

4.  Poetry  of  Science;  or,  Studies  of  the  Physical  Phe- 
nomena of  Nature;  2d  ed.,  1849,  8vo;  3d  ed.,  1864,  8vo. 

'•  iMj'.  Hunts  work  stands  midway  between  Humboldt's  Cosmos 
and  L'Aime  Martin's  Lettres  k  Sophie.  More  suited  to  the  un- 
learned reader  than  the  former,  it  is  more  systematic  and 
extended  in  its  views  than  the  latter." — Lmi.  Athena>Avii. 

See  also  N.  Brit.  Ilev.,  xiii.  63;  E.^lee.  Rev..  4th  Ser., 
xxvi.  36;  Fraser's  Mafj.,  xxxix.  37S;  N.  Anier.  Rev., 
Isxiii.  470.  5.  Elementary  Physics,  1851,  12mo ;  1S65, 
p,  Svo. 

'•  As  a  really  elementary  treatise  on  the  whole  work  of  Physical 
Science,  we  know  none  to  compare  with  it,  and  it  is  therefore  ad- 
mirably ad,ipted  for  the  wants  of  the  student;  whilst,  on  the 
other  band,  it  may  be  read  with  profit  and  interest  by  those  who 
have  long  mastered  the  general  truths  it  embodies." — Lon.  Medico- 
CUirurgical  Reinew. 

6.  Handbook  to  the  Official  Catalogue  of  the  Great 
Exhibition  of  1851,  2  vols.  12rao,  1851.  7.  Memoirs  of 
the  Geological  Survey  of  Great  Britain,  and  of  the  Museum 
of  Practical  Geology  :  Mineral  Statistics  of  the  United 
Kiugdotu  of  Great  Britain  and  Ireland  for  1853  and  1S54, 
Lon,,  1855.  See  Lon.  Athenaeum,  1855,  p.  1023.  See 
also  Bouvier's  Familiar  Astronomy,  Phila.,  1857,  373-374. 

Hunt,  Rowland.  Prosijerity  of  G.  Brit.,  1706, 
8vo. 

Hunt,  T.  F,  1.  ArchitetturaCampestre,  Lon.,  1827, 
r.  4to.  See  Lon.  Lit.  Gaz.;  Lon.  Lit.  Chron.  2.  Hints 
on  Picturesque  Domestic  Architecture;  3d  ed.,  1833,  4to. 
See  Lon.  Lit.  Chron.  3.  Examples  of  Tudor  Architecture, 
1830,  2  vols. ;  1836,  r.  4to.  See  Lou.  Eclec.  Rev.;  Blackw. 
Mag.,  xxvii.  257-258.  4.  Designs  for  Parsonage  Houses, 
&c.,  1841,  4 to.  See  Lon.  Lit.  Gaz.;  Lon.  Lit.  Chron.  5. 
Designs  for  Gate-Lodges,  Ac,  1S41,  r.  4to. 

Hunt,  Thomas.  The  Grammar-Scholar's  Abecedary, 
Lon.,  1071,  Svo. 

Hunt,  Thomas.     Political  tracts,  Lon.,  1679-83. 

Hunt,  Thomas,  D.D.,  1606-1774.  educated  at  and 
Fellow  of  ILirt  Hull,  Oxford,  became  Begius  Pr(»f.  of 
Hebrew,  and  Canon  of  Christ  Church  in  1747.  He  was 
the  author  of  several  publications  on  the  Arabic,  1728-48, 
and  of  the  following  work,  pub.  after  his  death  by  Dr. 
Kennicott:  Observ.  ou  Several  [26]  Passages  in  the  Book 
of  Proverbs,  with  two  Serms.,  Oxf.,  1775,  4to. 

"The  tmindafions  of  the  translation  proposed  in  this  volume 
are  f;enerally  important,  and  thiow  mucli  lisbt  on  snme  passa'^es 
which  are  attended  with  considerable  difficulty." — Orme's  Bihl. 
£ib.,  q.  V. 

"  They  display  in  a  very  advantageous  light  the  ciilical  acumen 
of  the  author,  and  his  extensive  aoiiuaintauce  with  theE.istern 
languages." — Lmi.  Month.  Rev..  0.  K.  liii.  102.  q.  v.  tor  .'Specimens. 

"As  tlio  book  is  neither  very  scarce  nor  very  dear,  it  will  be 
worth  the  student's  while  to  procure  it." — Home's  Bill.  BU>. 

See  Doddridge's  Letters;  Nichols's  Lit.  Anec. ;  Chal- 
mers's Biog.  Diet. ;  Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  vol.  Ixxi. 

Hunt,  Thomas.  Diseases  of  the  Skin,  Lon.,  1847, 
Svo;  3d  ed.,  1S58. 

"  We  have  found  Mr.  Hunt's  practice  exceedingly  successful  in 
severe  obstinate  cases." — Braithwrtitc's  Retrospect  of  Medicine. 

*'  The  fiicfs  and  views  he  brinies  forward  eminently  merit  atten- 
tion."—  liritiah  and  Foreign-  Medical  Reinero. 

Hunt,  Thomas  P.,  b.  1794,  in  Charlotte  county, 
Virginia,  graduated  at  Hampilen-Sldney  College,  Va., 
1813  ;  licensed  to  preach,  1824  ;  ordained,  1825.  1.  Bible 
Baptism,  Nos.  1  and  2.  2.  Hist,  of  Jesse  Johnson  and 
his  Times.  3.  It  will  not  Injure  me.  4.  Death  by  Mea- 
sure. 5.  Wedding-Days  of  Former  Time.?.  Nos.  2,  3,  4, 
6,  are  Temperance  Tales.  6.  Liquor-Selling  a  System 
of  Fraud.  Other  publications,  among  which  are  a  num- 
ber of  papers  contributed  to  periodicals. 

Hunt,  Thomas  Stevry,  b.  1826,  at  Norwich,  Conn., 
appointed,  in  1847,  chemist  and  mineralogist  to  the  Geo- 
logical Survey  of  Canada,  has  pub.  a  number  of  Annual 
Reports  in  connection  with  the  Survey,  and  many  papers 
on  Chemistry,  Mineralogy,  aud  Gcolo.ijy  in  the  Amer. 
Jour,  of  Science  and  the  L.  E.  and  D.  Pliilo.s.  Mag.  His 
essays  on  a  New  System  of  Chemical  Theory  in  the  first- 
named  periodical  have  attracted  much  attention  and  been 
repub.  in  England  and  Germany.     Mr.  H,  is  the  author 

922 


of   an    Introduction   to    Organic   Chemistry,  prefixed    to 
Prof.  B.  SilHuian,  Jr.'s,  Elements  of  Chemistry. 

Hunt,  Thornton,  b.  1810,  eldest  son  of  Leigh  Hunt, 
and  the  author  of  The  Foster-Brother,  1845,  3  vols.  p.  Svo, 
an  historical  romance  of  the  14th  century,  has  been 
editorially  connected  with  The  Constitutional,  The  North 
Ciieshire  Reformer,  The  Glasgow  Argus,  tfec.  See  Men 
of  the  Time.  Lon.,  1856. 

Hunt,  Wm.  1.  Gilbert's  Distresses  and  Replevin, 
Lon.,  1703,  '94,  Svo.  2.  Cases  on  the  Annuity  Act,  Bir- 
ming.,  1794,  '90,  Svo. 

Hunt,  \Vm.  American  Biographical  Panorama, 
Albany,  8vo. 

Hunt,  Wm.,  M.D.,  Demonstrator  of  Anatomy  in 
the  Univ.  of  Penna.  Erasmus  Wilson's  Dissector's 
Manual  of  Prac.  and  Surg.  Anat. ;  3d  Amer.  from  the  last 
Lon.  ed.,  Phila.,  1856,  r.  12mo,  pp.  5S2,  with  154  Illus- 
trations. An  excellent  work.  See  Goddard,  Paul  B., 
M.D. ;  Wilson,  Erasmus,  M.D. 

Huntar,  Alex.     Wcight-s,  Ac,  Ediu.,  1624,  4to. 

Hunter.  Nummi  Veterum  Populorum  et  Gra^corum, 
cum  08  Tab.  sen.,  Lou.,  17S2,  4to. 

Hunter,  Miss  A.  S.  1.  Select,  from  Cicero,  1809, 
12mo.     2.  Miscellanies  for  Fem.ale  Readers,  1810,  12mo. 

Hunter,  Alexander,  M.D.,  1729-1S09,  a  native  of 
Edinburgh,  settled  at  York,  England,  was  the  author  of 
several  works  on  medicine,  agriculture,  &c.,  the  principal 
of  which  is  Georgical  Essays,  Lon.,  1770-74,  4  vols.  Svo; 
York,  1803,  4  V(ds.  Svo  ;  vols,  v.,  vi.,  Lon.,  1S04,  Svo.  He 
also  edited  Evelyn's  Sylva:  see  Evelyn,  John,  No.  5, 
See  also  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit;  Donaldson's  Agricult.  Biog. 

Hunter,  Alexander.     Con.  to  Ann.  uf  Med.,  1799. 

Hunter,  Mrs.  Anne,  1742-1821.  the  wife  of  the 
celebrated  surgeon,  Juhu  Hunter,  and  a  sister  of  Sir 
Everard  Home,  is  the  author  of  Jly  Mother  bids  me  braid 
my  Hair,  and  The  Mermaid's  Song,  and  other  songs  made 
famous  by  the  music  of  Haydn.  In  1802  she  pub.  a  vol. 
of  Poems,  which  met  with  but  little  mercy  at  the  handa 
of  Lord  Jeffrey  : 

"Poetry  really  does  not  seem  to  bo  her  vocation,  and  rather 
appears  to  have  been  studied  as  an  accomplishment  than  pursued 
from  any  natural  propensity.'' — Edni.  Rev.,  i.  421-4iiti,  g.v. 

'•All  of  her  verses  are  written  with  elegance  and  feeling,  and 
her  Death-Sone:  is  a  noble  strain,  almost  worthy  of  Campbell 
himself".' — Bhidcivnod's  Moi/.,  xli.  409. 

Also  highly  commended  by  the  British  Critic  for  Octo- 
ber, 1802. 

A  biographical  notice  of  Mrs.  Hunter  will  be  found  in 
Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  Jan.  1821,  89-90. 

Hunter,  C.  G.  Russia;  being  a  complete  Picture  of 
the  Empire,  1818. 

Hunter,  Christopher,  1675-1757,  a  physician  of 
Durham.  1.  New  ed.  of  the  Ancient  Rites  and  Monu- 
ments of  the  Church  of  Durham,  1733.  Anon.  2.  Illust. 
of  Neale'.s  Hist,  of  the  Puritans,  &,c.,  1736,  Svo.  3.  Anti- 
quarian Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1700,  '02,  '17,  '44. 

Hunter,  Christopher,  D.D.  Serm.,  Lon.,  1799, 
Svo. 

Hunter,  David,  D.D.  Hist,  of  Christ,  1770,  2  vols. 
12mo. 

Hunter,  G.  M,  Louis  and  Antoinetta;  a  Trag. 
1794,  8vo. 

Hunter,  Henry, D.D.,  1741-1802,  a  native  of  Culross, 
Perth.'^bire.  pnptur  of  the  Scotch  Church.  London  M'all, 
from  1771  until  his  death,  was  the  author  and  translator 
of  several  valuable  works.  1.  Sacred  Biography,  Lon., 
1783-1802,  7  vols.  Svo;  8th  ed.,  1820,  5  vols.  Svo;  1S26, 
2  vols.  Svo.  Last  ed..  with  Introduc.  by  Rev.  A.  Patter- 
sou,  1840,  imp.  Svo.  Formerly  very  popular.  2.  Lava- 
ter's  Essays  on  Physiognomy,  1789-98,  5  vols.  4to,  £30. 
3.  Serm.,  1793,  Svo.  4.  Letters  of  Euler,  1795,  2  vols. 
Svo.  5.  Serms.,  1795,  2  vols.  Svo.  6.  St.  Pierre's  Studies 
of  Nature,  Lou.,  179G-99,  5  vols.  Svo;  2d  ed.  in  3  vols.  r. 
Svi).  7.  Saurin's  Serms.,  1796,  Svo.  8.  Hist,  of  London 
and  its  Environs,  1796,  ttc,  in  Pts.,  ISll,  2  vols.  r.  4to, 
Of  little  value.  9.  Lects.  on  the  Evidences  of  Christianity, 
1798.  10.  Sonnini's  Travels  in  Egypt,  1799,  3  vols.  Svo. 
11.  Serms.,  &c.,  with  Account  of  his  Life  and  Writings, 
1804,  2  vols.  Svo. 

"  Several  of  these  discourses  are  upon  sacramental  occasions, 
and  afford  an  interesting  specimen  of  the  form  of  admission  as 
praftised  by  the  Church  of  Scotland." — Walter  Wilson. 

See  Memoirs  prefixed  to  No.  1 1 ;  Rees's  Cyc. ;  Lon.  Gent. 
Mag.,  vol.  Ixxii.;  Chambers  and  Thomson's  Biog.  Diet,  of 
Eminent- Seot.'^men,  1855,  iii.  144-147. 

Hunter,  Jac.  Epistola)  Miscellaneae,  Vien.,  Aust., 
1631.  Svo. 

Hunter,  James*     Farriery,  Ac,  Lon.,  1796,  Svo. 


IIUN 

Ilnntor,  James.      Swing-Plow,    Edin.,    lS-i3,    8vo. 
Sec  Dr.iinlilson's  Agricult.  Biug. 

Hunter,  John,  1728-1793,  the  distinguished  anato- 
mi:?t  aiitl  surgeon,  was  a  native  of  Long  Calderwood,  near 
Glasgow,  the  son  of  a  fanner,  and  the  youngest  of  ten 
children.  His  early  education  was  very  defective,  as  he 
preferred  auiusement  to  the  studies  of  the  grammar-school 
which  he  uccasionally  attended.  After  working  as  a  cabi- 
net-maker's apprentice  in  Glasgow  for  about  three  years, 
he  was  induced  in  his  twenty-first  year,  by  the  medical 
reputation  of  his  brother  AYilliam,  in  London,  to  offer 
himself  as  his  assistant.  He  arrived  in  London  in  174S, 
studied  anatomy  with  his  brother,  and  surgery  under  Che- 
Bclden,  and,  by  the  distinction  which  he  rapiilly  acquired 
and  continued  to  augment,  gave  evidence  that  lie  had 
found  his  proper  sphere  of  action.  1.  Nat.  Hist,  of  the 
Human  Teeth,  Lon.,  1771,  '78,  1S03,  4to.  In  Dutch, 
Dordr.,  1773,  4to.  2.  Prac.  Treat,  on  Diseases  of  the 
Teeth,  Lon.,  177S,  4to.  Supp.  to  No.  1.  3.  Treat,  on  the 
Venereal  Disease,  1786,  4to.  New  ed..  by  Joseph  Adams, 
M.D..  1818,  Svo.  With  addits.  by  Ph.  Ricord,  edited  by 
F.  J.  Bumstead,  Phila.,  1853,  Svo.  4.  Observ.  on  Certain 
Parts  of  the  Animal  (Economy,  Lon.,  1786,  '87,  'DO,  4to. 
New  ed.,  by  Owens,  1837,  4to,  5.  Treatise  on  the  Blond, 
Inflammation,  and  Gun-?hnt  AVounds ;  with  the  Author's 
Life,  by  Everaril  IlMme,  1797,  4to;  1812.  2  vols.  8vo.  Dr. 
Hunter  contributed  many  papers  to  Phil.  Trans.,  Med. 
Com.,  and  Trans.  Med.  and  Chir.,  for  an  account  of  which 
and  edits,  of  his  works  see  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit.  A  collective 
ed.  of  his  Works,  with  Notes  and  Life,  by  Palmer,  was 
pub.  by  Longman  in  18:;?,  4  vols.  8vo,  £3  10«.  To  the 
above  noticed  Lives  by  Home  and  Palmer,  the  biographies 
by  Dr.  Joseph  Adams  and  Jesse  Foot,  and  the  Life  in 
Chambers  and  Thomson's  Biog.  Diet,  of  Eminent  Scots- 
men, and  that  in  the  Lives  of  British  Physicians,  we  refer 
the  reader  fur  further  information  respecting  this  distin- 
guished anatomist  and  surgeon.  See  also  our  notice  of 
Home,  Sir  Eveuard,  M.D.  Dr.  Hunter's  celebrated  col- 
lection of  comparative  anatomy,  (fee.,  which  cost  him 
£70,000,  was  bought  by  the  government  fi.r  £15,000  and 
presented,  with  certain  conditions,  to  the  Royal  College 
of  Surgeons.  In  addition  to  authorities  cited  above,  see 
also  Disraeli  on  the  Literary  Character. 

Hiintei'9  3Irs.  John,  wife  of  the  preceding.  See 
Hi'NTntt,  Mrs.  Anne. 

Hunter,  John,  M.D.,  Physician  to  tho  Army,  pub. 
several  medical  treatises,  1775-93. 

Hunter,  John,  Admiral,  Royal  Navy.  1.  Transac. 
at  Port  Jackson,  &c.,  Lon.,  1793,  4to.  2,  Scenery  of  My- 
sore, 1S05.  fol. 

Hunter,  John,  1747-1837,  Prof,  of  Hum.anityin  the 
Univ.  of  St.  Andrew's  for  about  half  a  century,  and  sub- 
sequently Principal  of  the  United  College  of  St.  Salvador 
and  St.  Leonard,  pub.  excellent  edits,  of  Virgil,  Horace, 
Juvenal,  and  Flacnus,  1797-1806.  Dr.  Hunter  was  a  critic 
of  profound  erudition.  See  Edin.  Rev. ;  Lon.  New  Monthly 
Mag.,  1st  Ser.,  No.  77 ;  Lon.  Monthly  Mag.,  No.  341; 
Watt's  Bibl.  Brit.;  art.  Grammar,  in  Encyc.  Brit. 

Hunter,  Kev.  John,  Vice-Principal  of  the  National 
Society's  Training  College,  Battersea,  has  pub.  several 
works  OQ  English  Grammar,  English  Parsing,  &c.,  Lon., 
1847-50. 

Hunter,  John.  A  Poem,  Ac,  1798,  1800.  both  8to. 
Hunter,  John  Dunn.  Manners  and  Customs  of 
Several  Indian  Tribes  located  west  of  the  Mississippi,  Ac, 
Phila.,  1823,  8vo,  pp.  402.  Reprinted  in  London  in  the 
same  year,  under  the  title  of  Memoirs  of  a  Captivity 
among  the  Indians  of  North  America,  from  Childhood  to 
the  age  of  Nineteen,  ifec,  Svo,  pp.  447.  This  woi'k  was 
very  favourably  received  in  England. 

"The  perusal  of  Mr.  Hunter's  nanative  has  left  a  strong  con- 
Tietion  on  our  uiiuds  that  it  is  the  authentic  production  of  an 
individual  who  has  actually  passed  many  years  of  bis  life  among 
the  Indians." — Lon.  Quar.  Hcv.,  xxxi.  76-111. 

"Mone  who  have  passed  a  single  afternoon  in  his  company, 
whatever  might  have  been  their  previous  impressions,  have  any 
longer  had  the  slightest  doubt  that  he  is  exactly  what  he  repre- 
sents himself  to  be;  or  that  his  story,  recorded  as  it  is  entirely 
from  memory,  the  savages  among  whom  he  lived  having  no  writ- 
ten language,  is  perfectly  faittiful.'' — Lo7i.  Mcnith,  liev.,  cii.  243- 
256;  30S-3S1. 

"An  authentic,  most  amusing,  and  accurate  narrative." — 
Lou'wk-i's  Bill.  Man.,  986. 

But  audi  alteram  partem  : 

"Mr.  John  Dunn  Hunter  is  one  of  the  boldest  impostors  that 
has  appeared  in  the  literary  world  since  the  days  of  Psalmanazar. 
His  book  ...  is  a  worthless  fabrication." — General  Lewis  Cass: 
iV.  Amer.  Rev.,  xxii.  9-t-lUS.  g.  u.  for  the  evidence  upon  which  this 
charire  is  founded. 

We  should  linger  a  moment  upon  this  theme,  but  our 


IIUN 

limited  space  forbids.  See  also  Blackw.  Mag.,  xvi.  639- 
640  ;  xvii.  56  ;  Lon.  Lit.  G.az.,  1S23,  242,  260,  278  ;  Ric-h"3 
Bibl.  AiiKT.  Nova,  ii.  150,  1S6;  E.  Norgate's  pamplilot 
entitled  Mr.  Jolin  Dunn  Hunter  defended,  Lon.,  1826,  Svo, 
pp.  3S,  (an  answer  to  General  Cas.=,  in  the  N.  Amer,  Rev., 
eifprn;)  and  J.  Neale's  answer  to  Norgatc. 
Hunter,  Joseph.  Find.  Serm.,  1813. 
Hunter,  Rev.  Joseph,  Assistant  Keeper  of  the 
Public  Records,  a  learned  antiquary,  has  pub.  several 
valuable  works,  among  which  are  (I.)  Hist,  and  Topog. 
of  the  Deanery  of  Doncaster,  1828,  2  vols,  fol.,  £8  S».  ; 
large  paper,  £16  16s.  2.  Illust.  of  the  Life  and  Studies 
of  Shak^-peare,  1845,  2  vols.  Svo.  3.  Founders  of  Ply- 
mouth, New  England,  1849,  p.  Svo.  4.  Collections  rel.  to 
Founders  of  Plymouth,  New  Eni;I.and.  1854,  ]>.  Svo.  See 
Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  Dec.  1831:  Edin.  Rev.,  Oct.  1855;  N. 
Amer.  Rev.,  April,  1856;  Ilallam's  Lit.  Hist,  of  England, 
1854,  ii.  176,  n. 
Hunter,  Maria.  Novels,  Lon.,  1792-98. 
Hunter,  Mrs.  Rachael,  of  Norwich,  d.  1813,  pub. 
a  number  of  novels,  &c.,  Lon.,  1801-10. 

•■  Her  publications  are  all  of  a  stiictly  moral  tendency."— lRi«'S 
BUI.  n.-it. 

Hunter,  Robert,  Governor  of  Jamaica  from  1728 
until  his  death  in  1734,  was  the  author  of  the  celebrated 
Letter  on  Enthusiasm,  (ascribed  to  Swift  and  Shaftesbury,) 
and,  according  to  Co.xeter,  a  farce,  called  Androboros.  See 
Nichols's  Lit,  Anec. ;  Biog.  Dramat. ;  Swift's  Works; 
Bancroft's  Hist.  U.  States. 

Hunter,  Robert.  Law  of  Landlord  and  Tenant  in 
Scot.;  2d  ed.,  Edin.,  2  vols.  Svo. 

Hunter,  Thomas,  Vicar  of  Weaverham,  Cheshire, 
d.  1777.     1.  On  Tacitus,  Lon.,  1752,  Svo.     2.  On  Lord  Bo- 
lingbroke,  1770,  Svo.     3.  Moral  Discourses  on  Providence, 
Warring.,  1774,  2  vols.  Svo. 
''  Superior  to  the  ordinary  class." — Lon.  Critical  liev. 
4.  Reflections  on  Lord  Cliesterfield's  Letters,  1776,  Svo, 
Hunter,  VV.  P.      Narrative  of  the  Late  E.xpedition 
to  Syria  under  Admiral   Stopford,  Lon.,  1841,  2  vols.  p. 
Svo.     An  interesting  account  of  the  campaign  in  Syria. 

Hunter,  William,  1718-1783,  M.D.,  a  distinguished 
anatomist  and  physician,  brother  to  John  Hunter,  (nn(e,) 
was  also  a  native  of  Long  Calderwood,  near  Glasgow, 
the  son  of  a  farmer,  and  the  seventh  of  ten  children. 
After  pursuing  his  studies  for  live  years  in  the  University 
of  Glasgow,  with  the  intention  of  entering  the  churcli,  he 
was  induced  by  Dr.  CuUen  to  turn  his  attention  to  medi- 
cine, in  which  department  he  made  astonishing  progress. 
In  1741  he  settled  in  London,  where  his  talents  and  assi- 
duity soon  rendered  him  distinguished.  1.  Medical  Com- 
mentaries, Pt.  1,  Lon.,  1762,  4to.  Supp.,  1764,  4to.  2. 
Anatomia  Humani  Uteri  Gravidi  Tabulis  [34]  illustrata, 
Lat.  and  Eng.,  Birming.,  1774,  atl.as  fol.,  £6  6s.  A  sjpleu- 
did  work.  An  Anatomical  Description  of  the  Human 
Gravid  Uterus  and  its  Contents,  Lon.,  1794,  4to.  Edited 
by  Dr.  Baillie,  5s.  This  is  intended  to  supply  tho  want 
of  a  descriptive  account  in  No.  2,  and  should  therefore 
accompany  it.  3.  Lects.  on  tho  Gravid  Uterus  and  Mid- 
wifery, 17S3,  4to.  4.  Two  Introduc.  Lects.  to  An;itomic.al 
Course  of  Lects.,  1784,  4to.  Dr.  H.  also  contributed  a 
number  of  papers  to  I'hil.  Trans.,  1743-84,  for  a  list  of 
which  see  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit.  He  possessed  a  collection  of 
Greek  and  Latin  books,  medals  and  coins,  which  cost  him 
more  than  £20,000.  Of  a  portion  of  the  coins,  a  catalogue 
was  pub.  by  his  friend,  Charles  Combe,  M.D.,  fj,  v.  Hunter 
possessed  less  genius  than  his  brother  John,  (from  whom 
he  was  long  estranged,}  but  more  scholarship  and  far  more 
amiability  of  temper.  See  Account  of  Hunter's  Life  and 
Writings,  by  S.  F.  Symmons,  M.D.,  1783,  Svo;  Chambers 
and  Thomson's  Diet,  of  Eminent  Scotsmen,  1855,  iii.  147- 
156;  Lives  of  Brit.  Physicians;  Disraeli  on  the  Literary 
Character;  Lon.  Month.  Rev.,  vols.  Ii.,  Ixxv.,  l.\.\xvi.,  ^ic. 
Hunter,  William.  Customs  books,  1764-76. 
Hunter,  W  illinni.  Songs,  Edin.,  1764,  12mo. 
Hunter,  Willinm.  Semis.,  &<:.,  1771-S4. 
Hunter,  William,  d.  1815,  surgeon  in  East  Indies. 
1.  Account  of  Pegu,  Calcut.,  1785,  r.  Svo;  Lon.,  1789, 
12mo.  In  F'rench,  with  Notes  by  M.  Langles.  2.  Caverns 
near  Bombay,  Lon.,  1788,  12mo;  and  in  Archicol.,  1785. 
3.  Diseases  incident  to  Indian  Seamen,  Calcutta,  1804, 
•24,  fol.  4.  Con.  to  Mem.  Med.,  1799.  5.  Con.  to  Trans. 
Linn.  Soc,  1807. 

Hunter,  William.  Travels  in  1792  through  France, 
Turkey,  and  Hungary,  Lon.,  1798,  2  vols.  Svo;  3d  ed., 
1803,  2  vols.  Svo  ;  70  coiues  on  large  paper.  Severely 
criticized  by  Lord  Brougham  in  Edin.  Rev.,  iv.  207-214. 
Hunter  also  pub.  several  political  works,  1794-lSll. 

S23 


HUN 

Hnntingdon.     Pee  irivTiNnTou 
Huutiiigford,  George  Isaac.  DT>    ttjo  laio 

tUeolog  treatises.  I,i  1S32,  8vo,  was  rub.  by  hi,  nenhew 
H.nry  Hunt,.;,-f„r<l,  tie  bishop's  Theolog.  (vorL  -viz  • 
Thoughts  on  the  Trinity,  (2cl  ell.,)  Charge",  &o      '  ' 

See  a^b.ographical  account  of  Bishop  H.  in  Lon.  Gent 
69r?i;9^.""'    '"'  "''•'•   '''-■     ''•"'   B"'^'^--  Mag.,   .m: 

H    -'■  l>amm'  Le.xicon  Pindaricnm,  ISU,  Svo 
is"    "  o    "      "'    *■•  ^-      ^'"■"''^"    ««™^-.    Albany, 

Llf?.!'."s"^'""'    E'"'"«=^«''--       See    UtKTINGTON,  WlL- 

tbe  Coiie^  at  CaiZld^.^:^  iLi,^!!;!:.!' C^^' 
1819;    graduated    at  Amherst  College,    1S:;9  •od-Leti 
over  South  Congregational  Church,  Boston    6c     19  isj" 
appointed  Preacher  to  the  University  an.rPhLier  pfo' 
^ssor  ol  Christian  Morals  in  Harvard  CoIIe<4  m"    Dr 

lit    iCo    %  "'  "-"'T'  T  "-^  P-^"*"-  .:?  ou    Saviou  : 
JJost.,  tSmo     Sermons  for  the  Peonle    lS";r!    19,.,  \ 

twenty  pampble.s.-Sermons,  Dlstrst'j;/^,^,:.^^^^ 

contributor    to    the    Monthly   Religious    Alanine    ti' 

Chr.sfan  Register,  The  Christian  E.xaminer "liemocrat  e 

ed.ts.  of  the  following  works  of  th  Re t.  Wnf  Z urn 
ford,  now  a  citizen  of  Boston:-!.  Martvria  Bo^t  isjr" 
12mo.     2.  Euthanasy.     .S   Christi-mitlth     n'l  '       "' 

the  Soul  and  its  Lilef  184(1  lCoAL'ert;fo7''''''r  "' 
rioan  cd  of  Archbp'.  V^J^  (i^^"^:^j:  j^ 
12mo      A  biographical  and   descriptive  account  i>fDr' 

ISil""!,'"'"*"'  •'•  *"•  *^''""^'  °f  '''"o  Arts,  N.  York, 
of"e"YoIl*T.;/,"sf'"'""^^""^•="t'  b-n  the  city 

political  weekly  pip^' je.oteJ  to  R  'c!,'';,  ",'""'", ''^  ■"'"'' 

ana  fothfiiiy  ioL}^ti:.'^!tJt;;::,iZ'  '^/rr^'  ^'---"^ 

lS«,Y!:ols'p''ivr  ^s"'  ""r^"^'  N-^'-k'and  Lon., 
He.  lU?'l2j':^V:-by'rp^&dr  '"  '"'''■  ^'^"■ 
aua  kin. '-p.  -231  'f,ts,,l„,"  ^  """'  *°  ''°  =»™«sor  of  her  kith 

^'^^^'^^^^::'::i^i!^"i^^%f^^  -d  .he 

Me'tUv^o^;-''"'-"^   Church   Rev.,  ii.  505;    Sou'th.  Lit. 

924 


nuR 

.S.Alban;    or    the  History  of  a  Young  Puritan    IWn 

f;J''^.^<"''="*=  "  Sequel  to  Alban,  1852, 12mo 

huoti„;...pnnind  are  out  hifntwh  7'-.'''''  P""''-  "^  ■-">  I"''i-'n 

o^ines,^he  .uui^t St-t^-^-re-VJl^L!!;:,:-- 

thJ^?pSasr;?r:^:r:;-[j-^-^^7 

Huntington,  Joseph     DD''''-^'."?^-'o'r' "''•'■ 
of  WindhanT,  Conn,  grad    ,'t  Yak."c.lV         '■^^^,^o°""™ 
inneawas    nlained^:^ior'o?t^l;;i^  -  ^     .^ 

of  t'ho'Lif^^-of'lb  .,au"^.Sr:se  .V804    P""'  "-">'" 
529-53.5;  N.  Haven"  Cbri.M'ilth.'lpee.'r  449"""''  ^'''• 

ions  w?ll  1  1  V        f  ■■'  ^?-}''^  '  ""'l  '''""''  "f  his  Observe- 
To^.n?"!'""'  '^"''^"'  lf91-182.3,  wife  of  the  Rer 

Scotland.     SeeNH  -yen  Cii'M"  '^r\'''"'   '"'"^'"  '° 

Huntington,  «, Tarn    .S'  f "  '44^i'8T?  T  ""■ 
years  a  popular  Calviuist  Me'thotiyt  prtther'  in  LonTo7 

£    2;      The  iTi^'i-r'  ''^  ^^'°'-^''  1«56,  6  vofs.  d  my  8^0! 

Br^:  :ditiin'''^-,T"-'^%r-rf""'  p--'"^"^  ^-- 

(he  one  above  noticed  in  20  vols    pub  at  £12      T  J,      , 
0    Huntington's  Letters  were  pub.'n  1851      The  tWeSs" 

at'irI'f™rnt^onea?i,'?„!"/^'',,Tr',°'  '^"■"^-  °""'"  -°  '  «^et 
refuge  to  .S.S.,  b,  whi  A  InyaI1;^^™T  |,,™  ™»P^"'d  ">  "^  "" 


.""''!I'';.A;l,.";';¥'r'\  *:••••«■  v"  •  »•■ 

4to.  '"  Imprisonment,  Lon.,  1641, 

ru"  w'[7'2"s".''-     ^'^^"^''"''--■'  Morbis  Naut^ 
Huntley,  (apt.  Sir  Henrv  V     P  tj     i   t. 

L™ '^4^  *^'7!'"'^  Vear/^^^-^-^,  ^i^-,:^]^- 
I9T"  2  Seven  V-  ■"■  ^'"-  .  ^'"^  ^™-  Athena'am,  1849,  p 

habitants,  I85';i,l!yoIs'p''svo""""^  "'  """  '^"'^  ''^  ^°- 
h"""'.""'''   ^*''''^-      S^°    SiGoon-VEv,    Mns.  Lvnu 

Athen    o"o°r"N°  "i"  '>^"j  ''''''''  '«"'  "'«■  A°-    See 
Hurd,  John  C,  Counsellor-at-Iaw  of  the  city  of  New 


HUR 

York.     The  Law  of  Freedom  and  Bondage  in  the  United 
States.  Bust.,  1858  :  vol.  i.,  8vo. 

"Justly  entitled  to  the  praise  of  being  one  of  the  most  learned 
works  ever  produced  in  this  country." — Gkoroe  S.  Hillard. 

Iliird,  John  R.  Hyponia;  or,  Thoughts  on  a  Spiritual 
Umlerstiinding  of  the  Apocalypse.  N.  York,  lS-i4,  Svo. 
Ilurd,  Philip.  Legal  publications,  1814. 
Hurd,  Richard,  D.D..  1720-1808,  a  native  of  Con- 
greve,  Staftord.'^hire.  admitted  of  Etnanuel  Coll.,  Canib., 
1733;  one  of  the  Whitehall  Preachers,  1750;  Rector  of 
Thureaston,  1757;  Rector  of  Yolkton.  Y^jrkshire.  1762; 
Preacher  of  Lincoln's  Inn,  1765  ;  Archdeacon  of  Glouces- 
ter, 1767;  Bishop  of  Lichfield  and  Coventry,  1775;  trans, 
to  Worcester,  1781 ;  declined  the  Archbishopric  of  Canter- 
bury, 1783.  His  principal  works  are  the  following: — 
1.  Commentary  on  Horace's  Ars  Poetica.  1749;  4th  ed., 
1763,  3  vols.  Svo.  New  ed.,  1776.  George  Colman  over- 
threw Hurd's  Hypothesis,  and  Ilurd  admitted  that  Colman 
was  right.  See  Colman,  Geokge.  the  elder.  See  Hallam's 
Lit.  Hist,  of  Europe,  ed.  1854.  iii.  94.  5t)U;  Green's  Diary 
of  a  Lover  of  Lit..  1810,  41,  218.  The  eulogy  lavished  by 
Hurd,  in  this  Commentary,  on  Warburton,  gained  him  the 
friendship  of  that  prelate.  2.  Comment,  on  Horace's  Epis- 
tola  ad  Augustum  ;  with  a  Discourse  on  Poetical  Imitation, 
1751.  Warburton  considered  this  Commentary  "one  of 
the  most  masterly  pieces  of  criticism  ever  written." 

'■Hmd  extracts  an  order  and  coherence  which  I  am  unable  to 
recognise  iu  the  ori{;inal." — Green's  Diary  of  a  Li/ver  of  Lit.,  pp.  40, 
120. 

3.  Dialogues  on  Sincerity,  Retirement,  the  Golden  Age 
of  Elizabeth,  and  the  Constitution  of  the  English  Govern- 
ment, i75'J,  8vo.  Anon.  Rcpid^.  along  with  his  Letters  on 
Chivalry  and  Romance,  (pub.  1792,  Svo,)  and  Dialogues  on 
Foreign  Travel,  (pub.  1764,  Svo,)  under  the  title  of  Dia- 
logues, Moral  and  Political,  1765,  3  vols.  Svo;  3d  ed.,  1771, 
3  vols.  sm.  Svo.  Again,  1788,  3  vols.  Svo.  The  first  ed. 
(1759)  contains  some  passnges  which  were  omitted  in  the 
subsequent  edit. ;  but  see  Green's  Diary  of  a  Lover  of  Lit., 
p.  71. 

'•  Dr.  Hurd,  it  is  well  known,  published,  at  one  time  of  his  life, 
Moral  and  Political  Dialogues,  with  a  woefiU  AVhiggish  cast." — 
BosivdVs  Life  of  Johnson. 

'■  There  is  a  dialogue  by  Dr.  Hurd  on  the  times  and  personal 
qualities  of  Klizabeth.  which  is  not  long,  .-ind  well  worth  leadinir, 
where  her  character  is  very  suverely  criticized." — I'rof  Smyth's 
Lects.  on  Mod.  Hist. 

*■  I  have  now  seen  the  whole  of  the  Letters  on  Chivalry,  and  am 
■wonderfally  taken  with  them.  They  cannot  but  plcasf  all  persons 
of  taste  greatly.  They  are  the  petit-piece  to  that  noble  work.  The 
Dialogues,  in  which  there  is  all  the  correctness  of  Addison's  style, 
and  a  strength  of  reasi'ining  under  the  direction  of  judgment  fur 
superior.  The  author  is  one  of  the  best  scholars  in  the  kingdom, 
and  of  parts  and  genius  equal  to  his  learning,  and  a  moral  cha- 
racter that  adorns  both." — Bisuop  Warhlrto.v. 

"After  all,  there  is  something  ofTensive  to  correct  feeling  and  just 
taste  in  thus  imputing  fictitious  conversations  to  real  personages: 
and,  though  Mr.  Ilurd  has  executed  his  task  with  delicacy  and 
address.  I  cannot  help  thinking  that  he  has  set  a  mischievous 
example.'' — Green's  Diary  of  a  L'/vrr  if  Lit.,  p.  69. 

4.  Select  Works  of  Abraham  Cowley,  1769,  2  vols.  Svo. 
6.  An  Introduction  to  the  Study  of  the  Prophecies  cone, 
the  Christian  Church  ;  and  in  particular  cone,  the  Ch.  of 
Papnl  Rome,  1772,  Svo;  1788,  2  vols.  Svo.  Repub.  in  col- 
lective edits,  of  his  Works;  also  new  ed.,  with  Prefatory 
Remarks  by  Rev.  E.  Bickersteth,  1839,  fp.  Svo. 

"  lie  contends  for  the  double  Sense  of  many  of  the  prophecies. 
On  this  suliject.  and  on  vaiious  other  principles  essential  to  the 
right  interpretation  of  the  prophetic  Scriptures,  his  work  well 
deserves  to  be  consulted." — Orme's  Bill.  Bib. 

*■  This  elegantly-wi  jiten   and   learned  volume  has  long  heen 
known  and  duly  appreciated  by  the  public.     The  subject  is  here 
■    opened  in  the  most  masterly  and  instructive  manner  by  BLshop 
Hurd. '— //'-rae'5  Bibl.  Btb. 

*•  A  judicious  outline  on  the  plan  of  Mede." — Biclcerstclh'' s  C.  S. 
See  also  Brit.  Critic,  0.  S.,  x.wii.  652-653. 
*'  His  style,  abating  a  few  affected  impurities  from  quaint  idioms 
and  colloquial  cant,  is  really  a  fine  one;  and  his  .iccount  of  Mede, 
in  the  10th  Discourse,  is  in  every  respect — in  sublimity  of  concep- 
tion, and  in  felicity,  force,  and  grandeur  of  expression — worthy  of 
Burke." — Green's  Diary  of  a  Lover  of  Lit.,  pp.  1*)3-164. 

And  see  Warton's  Hist,  of  Eng.  Poet.,  ed.  1S40,  ii.  60. 

6.  Serms.  preached  at  Lincoln's  Inn,  1776-SO,  3  vols. 
Svo;  1785,  3  vols.  Svo. 

"Ilis  style  is  always  perspicuous,  and  often  extremely  elegant, 
his  method  is  natural  and  easy,  and  his  manner  in  general  simple 
and  frequently  striking." — Lon.  Month.  liev. 

And  see  Green's  Diary  of  a  Lover  of  Lit.,  165-166. 

7.  Serms.  preached  before  the  Lords,  1777. 4to.  8.  Works 
of  Bishop  Warburton,  1788,  7  vols.  4to.  New  ed.,  1811, 
12  vols.  Svo.  9.  Life  of  Warburton,  1794,  4to.  10.  Ad- 
dison's Works,  with  Philological  Notes,  1810,  6  vols.  Svo. 

"  Never  were  my  humble  expectations  more  miserably  disap- 
pointed! It  seemed  to  me  as  a  sad  'potato-rnasting'  pei-formance 
from  such  a  quarter." — Dibdin's  Lib.  Oumj).,  ed.  1825,  p.  613. 


nuR 

See  Annisox,  Joseph  ;  GnnEXE,  Geouge  WASHraGTOK. 
A  cciUcrtive  ed.  of  Bishop  Kurd's  Works,  with  Life  by 
himself,  appeared  in  1811,  8  vols.  Svo.  This  edit,  com- 
prises (1.)  Serms.  and  Charges;  2.  iDtroduc.  to  the  Study 
of  the  Prophecies;  3.  Moral  and  Political  Dialofjues; 
4.  Letters  on  Chivalry  and  Romance;  5.  Critical  Works 
and  Dissertations,  including  his  Horace.  In  ISOS,  4to, 
ISOy,  Svo.  were  pub.  Warhurton's  Letters  to  Ilurd,  of 
which  a  lively  review  by  Lord  Jeffrey  will  be  found  in 
Ediu.  Rev.,  Jan.  1S09;  and  in  his  coutrib.  to  Edin.  Rev., 
Lon.,  1S5H,  880-893.  In  addition  to  authorities  cited 
above,  see  Disraeli's  Quarrels  of  Authors,  and  his  Curi- 
osities of  Lit.;  Nichols's  Lit.  Anec. ;  Qoodhugh's  Eng. 
Gent.  Lib.  Man.,  155-li6;  Lon.  Quar.  Rev.,  vii.  383.  (by 
Rev.  T.  D.  Whitaker;)  Blackw.  Wag.,  xxix.  379,  n.  901; 
xxxvi.  427. 

•'The  most  sensible  and  judicious  of  modern  critics." — Thomas 
Wartox. 

"  \A'nrburton,  and  his  imit.ttor  Ilurd.  and  other  livins  critics 
of  that  school,  are  lo-ided  with  familiar  idioms,  whicti  .it  present 
would  deliase  even  the  style  of  conversation." — DisrofWa  MuulL 
of  Lit.:  Sl'jlt. 

'•  Ilurd  has  perhaps  themerit  of  being  the  first  who  in  this  coun- 
try aimed  at  philosophical  criticism  :  he  had  irreat  iniieuuity,  a  no"d 
deal  of  reading,  and  a  facility  in  appljiiig  it;  but  he  did  not  feel 
veiy  deeply.  w.as  somewhat  of  a  co.\cnmb,  and  having  always  before 
his  eyes  a  model  neither  good  in  itself  nor  made  for  him  to  emulate, 
he  assumes  a  dogmatic  arrogance,  wiiich.  as  it  always  offends  the 
reader,  sn  for  the  most  pai-t  stands  in  the  w.ay  of  the  author's  own 
search  for  truth,'" — Hallam's  Lit.  Hist.  <if  Europe.  4th  ed.,  Lon.,  1S04, 
iii,  475,  n, 

Hurd,  Seth  T.  Grammatical  Corrector,  Phila.,  1847, 
12mo. 

Hurd,  Wm.,  D,D.  1.  View  of  all  the  Religious  Rites, 
Ceremonies,  and  Customs  of  the  Whole  World,  fob,  ».  a. 
New  ed..  Newcastle-upon-Tyne,  1S12,  4to.  Freiiueutly 
recommended  by  Dr.  Sauil.  Parr. 

Hurdis,  George.  French  Finances,  1818. 
Hurdis,  James,  D.D.,  17113-180],  a  native  of  Sussex, 
educated  at  St.  Mary's  Hall  and  Magdalene  Coll.,  Oxf. ; 
Rector  of  Bishopsto'ne.  1791  ;  Prof,  of  Poetry  at  Oxford, 
1793.  He  pub.  a  number  of  Poems,  Lectures  on  Poetry, 
Sermons,  and  theolog.  works.  A  collective  ed.  of  his 
Poetical  Works  was  pub.' at  Oxford  in  180S,  3  vols.  Svo. 
Reviewed  in  Lon.  Retrosp.  Rev.,  vol.  i.  (1820)  58-70.  The 
critic  remarks  that  Hurdis  had  imbibed  so  much  of  the 
manner  and  spirit  of  the  author  of  The  Task 

••  As  to  entitle  him,  without  much  inaccuracy,  to  the  title  of  a 
disciple  of  Cowper," 

Hurdis's  best-known  poetical  compositions  are  The  'Vil- 
lage Curate,  1788,  tr.agedy  of  Sir  Thomas  More,  1792,  and 
The  Favourite  Village,  1800,  His  theological  works  are 
— 1.  A  Short  Critical  Disquisition  on  the  true  meaning  of 
the  word  DJ'Jfin  [which  he  contends  signifies  the  Croco- 
dile] found  in  Genesis  i.  21,  Lon.,  1790,  Svo.  2.  Select 
Critical  Remarks  upon  the  Eng.  Version  of  the  First  Ten 
Chaps,  of  Genesis.  1793,  Svo.  3.  12  Dissert,  on  Psalm 
and  Prophecy,  ISOO,  Svo. 

"  nis  observations  on  the  beginning  of  Genesis  are  very  judi- 
cious,"— Orme's  Bibl.  Bih. 

See  life  prefixed  by  Miss  Hurdis  to  the  Oxford  ed.  of 
his  Poems;   Hayley's  Life  of  Cowper;  Lon.  Month.  Rev, 

Hurford,  Mr,«.  John,  of  Altrinchara.  1.  Com- 
pendious Chart  of  Ancient  Hi>t.  and  Biography.  2.  Brief 
Summary  of  Ancient  Hist..  12ino.  To  accompany  No.  1. 
''This  Chart  is  constructed  with  great  ingenuity.  ,  ,  ,  It  in 
some  measure  combines  the  advantag>s  of  both  Dr.  Priestley's 
charts,  the  Biographii-al  and  Historical, ' — Lon.  Mmith.  I,\r. 

Hurlbut,  E.  P.  1.  Civil  Offices  and  Political  Ethics, 
N.  York.  1S44,  12mo.  2.  Essays  on  Human  Rights  and 
their  Political  Guar.antees,  1845,  12mo.  With  Pref.  by 
G.  Combo,  Lon,.  1S47,  r,  Svo. 

Hurlbut,  William  Henry,  b.  July  3,  1827,  in 
Charleston,  S.C.,  graduated  at  Harvard  Univ.  1847.  Gan 
Eden  ;  or.  Pictures  of  Cuba,  Bost.,  1854.  12mo;  Lon.,  1855, 
Ifimo,  (vol.  xc. of  Longman's  Travellers'  Lib.)  A  versatile 
writer  of  al)ility.  He  has  contributed  largely  to  American 
periodicals  and  to  the  Edinburgh  and  other  British  Quar- 
terlies. 

Hurlestone,  Randall.  Newes  from  Rome  cono. 
the  JIasse,  ic.  Canterb.  »,  c.  IBmo,  Hibbert,  4073.  £2  5«. 

Hurley, Absalom.  On  Non-Residence, Lon. ,1759,4to. 

Huriock,  Jo!?ieph.     Dentition,  Lon.,  1742,  Svo. 

Hurlstone,  Edwin  T.  1.  Prac.  Treat,  on  the  Law 
of  Bonds,  Phila.,  1835,  Svo.  2.  Excheq.  Reports :  see 
Horn,  Hexby. 

Hurlstoue,  Thomas.  Plays  and  Novels,  Lon., 
1792-1803.     See  Biog.  Dramat. ;  Walt's  Bibl.  Brit. 

Hurly,  James.     .Astronomy.  Lun.,  1771,  Svo. 

I      Hurn,  Wm.     Poems.  Lon,,  1777  '84.  both  4to. 

I      Uurn,Wm.  Principles  of  the  Church,  Lon.,  1790,  Svo. 

923 


HUR 

Hurrion,    John,     lfi75?-1731,     a     Congregationd 
m.n.sU.r  at  Denton,  Norfulk,    and  subsequently  in     l",e 
Court    London    was  the  author  of  .ome  excellent  sermon' 
and  theo  oK,eal  treatises,  the  best-known  of  whi  h  i™h 
on   the  Holy  Sp,„f,  (,n   XVI.  Serms.  at   Pinner's   Ila 
1/34   Svo.      An  ed,t.  of  his  Diseourses  was  pub.  in  1?27 

vilh  a  L,fe,  appeared  in  1823,  3  vols.  12nio.     There  have 
been  also  new  edits,  of  several  of  his  works 

smarln.ss  that  never  degenerates  into  levify."-WALTER  Wilson. 
Urs.  Ridgley    (Jill,   and  other  authorities,  also    hi.-hly 

Jan.Ts27.      "■'"'"  ^°'^'-     ^"^  '"^  ^'"'-  ^™''g''l-  M"-gv 

^^""^;  J?''*- 1'^*''''  formerly  Miss  Mitchell,  pub  a 
number  of  Tales  f„r  Young  Persons.  Lou.,  17!I7   l.'Jl^ie 

H-II'T'  ,.'**""'''■'*•,  ^"^"''^  Tables,  Lon.,  1786,  12mo.' 
Hurst,  Henry.     Serms.,  1659-90. 

Po™',T*\"!'''""''"-T  '^""'-  "f  M-  Gombauld's  prose 
Eomanee,  hndymion,  Lon.,  IG37,  Svo.  Hurst  was  Secre- 
te Vienna'.""  ^°''-  ^''^'^"*'^".  Ambassador  from   England 

Hurst,  Thomas,  D.D.     Serms.,  1637-44 
,„'*"'"L*'V?"r'.  <'!"<jlcs,  Jr.     1.  Acet.  of  New  Ply- 


IIUT 


ic.  of  the  World,  Lon.,  1670, 


The 

tc. 
My. 
.  6rf. ; 
See 


mouth  in  N.  Zealand.   Lon., 


1819, 


A  work  of 


Z!'^^l  i4^'^™"-  r^vl^-'t^or^a  ^h^Xuii 

Regions,  ms^irol  ''""'■  "•  ^"^  ^'"^l^'^  '"^^"''^ 

Lo"lor'?'p^* ''"'?"' ?'"'''•  "f  "'^'"■<'''  '"  Univ.  Coll., 
London.  1.  Elements  of  the  Hebrew  Langu.age,  Pt  1 
0  thography,    Lon.,    18117,    8vo ;    4th   ed.,   i848   Svo      "' 

SeHp]uretll4!t:.""'    "'  ^  ^^^^""^  "'  "^^  ^'=''-- 
'•A  most  admirable  work."-io„.  Que:  Urn. 

.„n,  t      ™,  t'?''^"""™'!  "'■s  ""sW'^'-  t"  themi.repre- 

Husband,  Edward.     1.   Collect,  of   Pasva-es  be 
tween  the  K„,g  and  Parliament,  Dec.  1641,  to  S  16'3; 

V  >  aV  ,  !^'-  "'^  •'"  ""^  l'"'''i'=  Orders,  Ae.  of  Parlia 
ment,  Mch.  19,  1042.  to  Dec.  1016.  f„l.,  1646 

Hn'o  ;!."l    'n  •'  "',^^''™■  Five  Serms,.  Lon.,  lS29,Svo. 
1?    a'       '  "e^-John.     Avon;  a  Poem,  1811. 
HusKinson,   Eliza.     The  Song  of  the  Spheres-  a 
Poem.  Lon.,  1853,  fp.  8vo.  i'pneres,  a 

Husliisson,   William.  MP     I77n  ic-in 

of  I^rch  Moret^n,  Worce"k^:^-knl^St^^^a;! 
los    his  l,fe    n  consequence  of  having  his  le-s  eru-^hed  bv 

ohesTer'RXa?'  '1"  TT^  1  .l.e^Liverpo'ol'and'Ma^ 
cuester  Kailw.ay.     A  c.dlective  cd  t.  of  his  Speeches    fbolb 

AmVet'e'^iretb/^K^bert  ^Ish;  ptil.f  ^^o^'  ^IHs 
a^'^^be^rfe.^:;:"-  -'  ^°— - - 
fl;:?;S:,lr^:^.lj;j;;;^J-"-»  °"^"  *°  ^^  ">^  -anual  or 

te^K^^XoZTts^^i^lr^r  -■ 

Journal.      "'  '''"""""''  ''''"'=^'  '"'-"''-  <^-^  the  Asiatic 

the5,>e^:;'S\Cr'7hf  soW'  "?*  ?PP"fatinn,  but  neither 
Aaenm.„/A,.lsSr^4':V^l"',.°2^^Kll?,^^?"'-*-"-S- 
See  abso  bis  Hist,  of  Europe,  1815-52:  Life  prefixed  to 
Speeches;  Index  to  Bla./w  Mag.,  vols.  i.!l'.rF,^'r': 
eiro-n  ^7'  f"'"-*'™'-  Mag.,  1830,  Pt.  2.  265,  366, 
61J,  6j0.  Ilusk.sson  contributed  much  personal  assist 
ance   to  Wm.  J.acob's  Hist.  Inquiry  into  the  Prwiuet  on 

ilussev  "  A  "  "'k'^  ''""""'^  ^'^""«'  ''■■''■  2  vols. 1; o 
xiussey,  A.  Notes  on  Ancient  Churches  in  the 
Husle^v  'V^,'"'.^us>«,  and  Surrey,  Lon.,  1852,  Svo 


^t^i^V^E^r^^Tl^""''  "f  ""''"'  -S-«y  -d 


Hussey,  G.    Hist., 
l''mo. 

Ilnssey,  Garret,  M.D.     On  Fever,  Dubl.,  1784  Svo 

W.w:BtX.'°  """'  "■"  "'"  ■'"^•""-^  ef  Error' L„d-^I^: 

of  ^a"mbr*idk:''?^f  ?'•'/  Congregational  Calvlnist  divine 
01  lam  bridge,  tngland.     1.  Serms.,  1693,  Svo.     2.  Serm 

cllv  f°-  .^-"''"'^  "'■  •^'"■'^'  Unveiled,  1706,  4to  4 
God  s  Operations  of  Grace,  1707,  Svo.  Recently  renub 
Hussey  s  works  are  scarce.  See  AVil,on's  Hi  of Ti,' 
senting  Churches;  Lowndes's  Brit.  L  b°  M8     46  " 

Hi"  Ox?'''li"?"''  'T.-,'''''  «^S'-  Pr'o/.  ofEceles. 
Preacher  1  1  ^™-'or  of  Christ  Church,  and  Whitehal 
premacy,  1851.  i2mo      '''■'"'"' ^'°-     2.  The  Papal  Su- 

Hc^v'nn'''  'T;  -^"n^-^-  ^''"'^  °f  "'^y-^^'  Kent. 
Holy  Bible,  with  a  Comment.;  in  Pts.  r.  8vo    1843, 

co"v    fsj'o   v'^-tT'.-'-      ^"-'-'i-'^   of  British" 
9,  F'   In       i^-   '"'  ^"-^   ""    <=<'1'J  Wates,  £7  I'', 
2d  ber.,  50  co M  Plates,  £4  10,.     A  splend  d  work 
Lon.  Gardener's  Chronicle. 

Hussey,  'Thonias,  R.  Catholic  Bishop  of  Watcrford 
of  Vcrmor '  'l,"ir'"  "'  '''^^""""^  •=''"^'^'  P""-  "  --^" 

th:,f  !;;^::i,:?^Uo;i.';^/;iJ:sij^S;f  r'- ""' "  "«■"  -^^^^ 

IJlIss^v' w"'-  t'^'^'^^'^S-  "■^••''"''^='  *''"  Lon.,  1646-47. 

the  Gosre.':'L:'"-182k^2mr"°^  '"  ''"""^^  ^^'"'^'^  "^ 
lle„f:T  '""'"'■  '"""  '"•''"""™''  »°^  «''^«-  advice."_Zo„.  C7irt5. 
2   Explan.  of  the  Order  and  Contents  of  the  Bible 

C.Ci'mi.  '  thoroughly  versed  on  this  subjecf-JuiaE  R. 

Hiitcheson,  Archibald,  d.  1740,  pub.  several  works 

wh^^h'^'^he^ii  if;::'  7T'7'  *^-  «>e  most7,r;o,.tr„T^ 

Debts  and  Fun  V  r-o ".o  '''''''""g  '«  ^^^  National 
.no^  „  ?  ^'  ^™''  ^"^'  25.  2  vols.  fol.     Hutcheson 

a  f^i-it'of'wr'  "  "'  "^-^'"S.  ""^  ""«  P"!"''"  debt,  for  an 
MeC  lid's  Li  Tvvr^  ^''"^  ""  P"blie  Credit; 
xxm   315  ^'''"-    ^°""-'    ^1^-   Biaekw.  Mag., 

go!*;'/:'^!'!,^;.,  S^f  J™  f---'  ^  Tale  of  Pa.a- 

No"ti"of'!Mf'>^'T""l'.  1"''"'47,  a  native  of  the 
i\orth  ot  Iieland,  where  his  father  was  a  Presbvtor!-,n 
minister  entered  the  University  of  0 Lsgow  in  1710 
s  udied  divinity,  and  was  licensed  to  prfa^h  When 
about  ,0  ,3,„„,  t^„  |,^,,^_.^;  ^^  a's mall  Presbvte 

nan  congregation  in  the  North  ol  England    1  e  was  ner 

n  ou'ral^d'"  I '"i  ^'^ff.^T  '"  '""''''''  ^''^'^''  ™  "">-  7 
eneoui.aged.     In  1,29  he  became  Professor  of  Monl  Phi 

losophy  ,n  the  Univ.  of  Dublin.     In  1725  he  pub   An  In 

and  in  1,28  an  Essay  on  the  Passions  and  Affection-  He 
also  pub  some  manuals  for  his  class,  Ac.  His  gCat  work 
^d  Cil'.u.r,:r  '  n"'  f'",'°-'P''y'  -"■  tl'e  Life'wr Uhigs^ 
pub   bv  h     ,„  °  f'''  "^""i?'''  V  ^'-  ^^™-  Lcechnian-,™ 

Of '^mirt^iniifiiJ;^;,:^;^::^'!^;^;;:^  <>;-  ™">"'-  <"™ 

Geo.  ///.,  «rt."V.™S;,Ved  mf  li^"'"'-"^'''^'-'  "-^  ""■  ^""^  "f 

:i?3iJ~^-^'--n^-»!-t™-^tsr 


inferior  to  both  these  v/i'i'ti'iX  Crl  t».„  „       "^  "" "     ""^  "'^  '* 

nalit,v,  and  to  BulL  ,!;«.:  yi;'^^„  X^nhn'  ■''' ^''^^  "^  °''''-''- 
which,  when  it  diecoverV  .h=  <■„,    .  .""»'  Philosofhical  couraeo 

leaves'otherstoSr?hestt-,n,"  '"'"l,"^  \^"'^  '■""'  '?'='""oa. 
of  the  nuidern  sclinol  nf  .iliiM.^  1 '  '  •  "l'*"'™"  "'"' ••>«  f'''hor 
MACKiNTOsi, :  PVel/  "  Ll,5  p?  "''■^  '"  Seotland."-Sm  James 
i.  127,  120  """■  ^'"l"'-  ^'•'■'  <""l  '■«  Ms  n-orks,  1864, 


But  the  honour  assigned  to  Hutcheson  in  the  last  para, 
graph    cannot  pass   unchallenged.      This   distinction   t 


IIDT 

awarded,  by  the  great  philosopher  who  has  just  closed  his 
eyes  upon  the  world,  to  Ilutchcson's  predecessor  at  Glas- 
gow : 

"Carmichael  may  be  regarded,  on  good  grounds,  as  the  real 
founder  of  the  Scottish  school  of  philosophy." — SIR  William 
Hamilton  :  KciiVs  Colkdud  }yiiti)iffs.  p.  30. 

The  attention  of  the  reader  is  called  to  Dr.  Leechman's 
Life  of  JIutchcson,  noticed  above: 

"  A  fine  piece  of  philosophical  bio^'iaphy."— Sre  James  Macki.v- 
TOsn :  uhi  supra. 

See  also  Biog.  Brit.,  Supp. ;  Tytler's  Life  of  Kames ; 
Stewart's  Life  of  Dr.  Adam  .Smith. 

Hutcliesou,  George,  one  of  the  ministers  of  Edin- 
burgh. 1.  E.xpos.  of  the  XII.  Small  Prophets,  1655,  3 
Tols.  sm.  8vo;  1637,  fob;  best  edit. 

"The  honk  presents  much  iu  little,  and  breathes  out  much  of 
God  and  {xodiiness." — E.  Calamy. 

"Spiritual,  full,  pithy,  and  evancelical." — Bir?.crsletli's  C.  S. 

"Deserves  the  same  character  as  the  author's  other  work  on  Job." 
— Dr.  E.  W'llUums's  C.  P. 

See  Nos.  2  and  3. 

2.  E.Kpos.  of  the  Gospel  according  to  John,  1657,  fob  ; 
1841,  r.  8vo. 

"  Very  full  in  drawing;  out  the  various  practical  lessons  on  every 
yeTiie."—l-lichn-steHi's  C.  S. 

"They  [Expositions  of  the  Minor  Prophets  and  of  .Tobn]  are  very 
excellent  pieces  of  composition,  as  docti  inal  and  practical  ^YOrlis, 
in  which  department  all  the  writers  of  this  class  excelled." — 
Orme's  Bihl.  liib. 

See  No.  1. 

3.  E.xpos.  upon  Job;  being  the  sum  of  316  Lects.,  1669, 
fob 

"It  contains  many  v.aluable  observations." — Hornn's  Bihl.  Bib. 

"A  work  of  considerahle  merit.  His  method  is  perspicuous, 
and  his  observations  f  lunjed  on  the  text  are  judicious  and  pro- 
fitable."—llV/iumji's  C.  P. 

See  No.  1. 

"  Full  and  evancrelical." — Biclryst>'th\t  C.  .^. 
Calamy  compliments  Hutcbeson  by  calling bira  "another 
D.avid  Dickson."     4.  XIV.  Serms.  upon  the  130th  Psalm, 
Edin.,  1691,  8vo. 

Hutclieson,  Gilbert.  Treat,  on  Offices  of  Justice 
of  the  Peace,  Constable,  Ac,  Edin.,  1806,  3  vols.  r.  Svo; 
1815.  4  vols.  r.  8vn.     A  work  of  authority. 

Hutchesoii,  Robert  K.  1.  E.\cise  Informations, 
&c.,  Brist.,  1797,  8vo.     2.  Excise  Laws,  <tc.,  Lon.,  1798, 


HUT 


U.     1.  On  the  Dryness  of  the 
1789.     2.  Of  a  Luii'iiuous  Arch ; 


Hiitchlngs,  Thomas.     Sorm..  I*)n.,  ISin,  Svo. 
Huteliliis,  Hiitchln,  or  HutchiiiKS,  Edward, 

pub.  several    scrms.  and    thcolog.  treatises.     See  Bliss's 
"Wood's  Athen.  Oxon.,  ii.  452-4.').'!. 

Hutclilns,  John,  1698-1773,  a  native  of  Bradford- 
Peverel,  educated  at  Balliol  College,  was  Rector  of  the 
Church  of  the  Holy  Trinity  at  Warebam.  Hist,  and  Antiq. 
of  County  of  Dorset,  Lon.,  1774.  2  vols,  fob  Poslh.  2d  ed., 
corrected  and  augmented  and  iinjiroved  by  R.  Gougb  and 
John  B.  Nichols,  1796-1815,  4  vols,  fob,  £50  :  large  p.aper, 
£70.  A  most  valuable  work.  See  Upcott's  Eng.  Topog. ; 
Lowndes's  Bibb  Man.;  Bibb  Top.  Brit.,  No.  34  ;  Nichols's 
Lit.  Anec. ;  Chalmers's  Biog.  Diet. ;  Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  vob 
Ixxxi. 

Ilutchlns,  Richard,  D.D.,  d.  1781,  Vicar  of  Cul- 
worlh.  1.  III.  Discourses,  1771.  2.  X.  Serms.,  1782.  Svo. 
Hutchliis,  Thomas,  1730  ?-1789,  Chaplain  R.  Army, 
eubseiiucntly  Geograpbcr-iJeneral  of  the  United  .States, 
was  a  native  of  Monmouth,  New  .Icrsey.  1.  Boquet's  E.x- 
pedit.  against  the  Ohio  Indians,  Phila.",  1765  ;  Lon.,  1766, 
4to,  pp.  14  and  71 ;  5  Plates.  Two  of  the  plates  are  from 
designs  by  Benjamin  West.     In  French,  Ainster.,  1769. 

"The  accounts  here  laid  before  the  puljlie  appear  to  be  perfectly 
authentic,  and  they  are  drawn  up  with  equal  perspicuity  and  ele- 
gance."— Lun.  Month.  Rev. 

2.  A  Topog.  Descrip.  of  Virginia,  Penna.,  Maryland, 
and  N.  Carolina,  Lou.,  1778,  Svo,  pp.  67;  3  Plates.  la 
French,  Paris,  1781.  3.  Hist,  Narrative,  and  Topog.  De- 
scrip,  of  Louisiana  and  West  Florida,  Pbila.,  1784,  pp.  94. 
4.  Three  papers  in  Phil.  Trans.,  1775,  '76,  '83.  6.  Paper 
in  Trans.  Amer.  Soc,  ii.  50. 

Hutchinson.  Authority  of  Councils,  Lon.,  1087,  Svo. 
See  Gibson's  Preservative,  v.  137. 

Hutchinson.  Commercial  Restraints  of  Ireland, 17 — . 
Very  rare.  Burned  by  the  common  hangman.  The 
Kt.  Hon.  Henry  Flood  once  said  that  lie  would  give  a 
thousand  guineas  for  a  copy,  rather  than  that  bis  library 
should  be  without  the  Ijook. 

Hutchinson,  Mrs.  Early  Education  of  Children, 
Lon.,  1854,  12mo. 

Hutchinson,  A.     See  Howard,  V.  E. 
Hutchinson,  Alexander  C,  M.D.     1.  Operation 
for   Popliteal   Aneurisms,    Lon.,    1811,   Svo.      2.  Con.   to 
Medico-Chirurg.  Trans.,  ISll,  '13,  '14. 


Hutchinson,  Rev. 

Year  17.'<S;   Phil.  Trans., 
ibid.,  17'.1U. 

Hutchinson,  Benjamin,  of  the  Company  of  Sur- 
geons, London.  Biographia  Medica,  Lon.,  1789,  2  vols. 
Svo.  This  is  an  .account  of  Medical  Characters  of  all 
at'cs,  with  lists  of  their  works.  2.  Tartarized  Antimony; 
Mem.  Med.,  1799. 

Hutchinson,  Cyril.     Two  Serms.,  Lon.,  1837,  Svo. 
Hutchinson,  Enoch.     Ublemann's   Syritio  Gram- 
mar; trans,  from  the  German,  with  addits.,  Phila.,  1856, 
Svo.  pp.  367. 

Hutchinson,  Francis,  d.  about  1739,  minister  of 
Bury  St.  Kdmiind's,  Suffolk,  Bishop  of  Down  and  Connor, 
1720.  He  pub.  three  serms.,  16U2,  '98, 1707  ;  a  View  of 
the  pretended  Spirit  of  Prophecy,  Ac,  1708.  Svo;  and 
tho  following  works:  1.  Life  of  Archbishop  Tillotson, 
1718.  Abridged  iu  Wordsworth's  Eccles.  Biog.  2.  An 
Historical  Essay  on  Witchcraft,  1718,  Svo;  2d  ed.,  with 
addits.,  1720,  Svo.  A  curious  work,  containing  a  chro- 
nidogical  table  of  those  who  were  burnt  as  witches  in  New 
England,  Ac.  From  p.  95  to  122  (of  2d  ed.)  we  have  an 
account  of  the  witchcraft-history  of  Salem,  Boston,  and 
Andovcr.  3.  Defence  of  the  Ancient  Historians  relative 
to  Ireland,  G.  Brit.,  and  other  Northern  Nations,  Dubb, 
1734,  Svo. 

Hutchinson,  Henry.  Drainage  of  L.and,  Lon., 
1844,  Svo. 

"The  contents  show  a  very  sound  professional  knowledge,  with 
a  correct  judgment  on  the  practical  subject." — Vanakl^on's  Agri- 
ciiU.  JiUii.i. 

Hutchinson,  John,  1674-1737,  a  layman,  the 
founder  of  the  Hutcbinsoni.an  school  of  Biblical  interpreta- 
tion, a  native  of  Spcnnitborne,  Yorkshire,  was  educated 
at  the  village  school,  and  sulisequently  became  steward 
and  afterwards  riding-purveyor  to  the  Duke  of  Somerset. 
His  Philosophical  and  Theological  Works  were  pub.  by 
Julius  Bate  and  Robert  Spearman,  Lon.,  1749-65,  12  vols. 
Svo.  Tho  Contents  of  these  vols,  are  as  follows.  I  and  2. 
Moses's  Principia.  3.  Moses  sine  Principio.  4.  The  Con- 
fusion of  Tongues  and  Trinity  of  the  Gentiles.  5.  A 
Treatise  on  Power,  Essential  and  Mechanical.  6.  Glory 
or  Gravity,  Essential  and  Mechanical.  7.  Tho  Hebrew 
Writings  Complete.  8  and  9.  The  Religion  of  Satan,  or 
Anti-Christ  delineated;  also.  The  Use  of  Reason  recovered 
by  the  Data  in  Christianity.  10.  The  Human  Frame;  or, 
Agents  that  circulate  the  Blood  e.xplaiucd.  11.  Glory 
Mechanical  12.  Tracts.  To  these  vols,  should  be  added 
the  Supp.  to  Hutchinson's  Works,  by  Robert  Spearman, 
1765,  Svo.  For  an  account  of  tho  Hutcbinsoniau  system, 
see  A  Defence  of  John  Hutcbinsou's  Tenets,  by  Julius 
Bate,  1751,  Svo;  An  Abstract  of  the  Works  of  John 
Hutchinson,  Es([.,  being  a  Summary  of  his  Discoveries  in 
Philosophy  and  Divinity,  (by  Robert  Spearman,)  Edin., 
1755,  12ino ;  Analysis  of  IIutchinsoni.anism,  by  Wm. 
Jones,  of  Nayland,  in  Pref.  t»  bis  2d  ed.  of  the  Life  of 
Bishop  Ilorne;  Floyd's  Bibliotbeca  Biograpbica,  end  of 
vol.  iii.,  (by  Robert  Spearman;)  Orme's  Bibb  Bib.;  art. 
Bate,  Julius,  and  Works  there  cited,  in  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit, 
and  in  this  Dictionary. 

"The  works  of  Hutchinson  are  entitled  to  notice,  as  their 
authf'r  was  the  founder  of  a  school  of  philosophy  and  theology  to 
which  some  of  the  most  celel>rated  men  of  the  last  century  be- 
longed. However  absurd  many  of  its  speculations  seem  to  be, 
there  must  be  a  plausibility  iu  the  leading  principles  of  a  system 
which  engaged  the  attention  and  support  of  such  men  as  Pre- 
sident Forbes  and  Bishop  Home,  Jlr.  Parkhuist  and  Bishop 
Horsley.  The  leading  idea  of  Hutchinson  is  that  the  Hebrew 
Scriptures  contaiu  the  elements  of  all  rational  philosophy  as  well 
as  of  genuine  i-eligion.  Th.it  [ibilosophy  he  opposes  to  the  New- 
touian  ;  and  hence  he  wrote  his  Moses  Principia,  or  a  commentary 
on  the  Mosaic  account  of  the  creation  and  the  deluge.  His  Moses 
sine  Principio  contains  an  account  of  the  fall,  and  of  other  sub- 
jects connected  with  it.  His  work  on  the  coufusion  of  tongues 
is  very  ingenious;  in  which  he  attempts  to  prove  that  it  was  not 
a  diversity  of  language,  but  of  religion,  which  took  place  at  Babel. 
His  Tiinity  of  the  Gentiles  gives  a  view  of  ancient  mythology 
and  idolatry  considered  chiefly  as  a  corruption  of  the  true  religion. 
In  the  Covenant  of  the  Cherubim  be  gives  a  view  of  the  perfection 
of  tho  Hebrew  Scriptures,  and  of  the  Covenant  of  the  Divine  Three 
for  the  redemption  of  man.  Hutchinson  is  an  obscure,  and,  at  the 
same  time,  a  most  dogmatical  and  abusive,  writer.  It  is  often  ex- 
ceedingly difficult  to  ascertain  his  meaning,  and  still  more  diffi- 
cult to  acquiesce  in  it  when  ascertained.  That  he  and  his  scholars 
have  contributed  considerably  to  the  interpretation  of  the  Bible, 
it  would  be  wrong  to  deny.  They  have  done  a  good  deal,  at  the 
same  time,  to  injure  and  clog  the  science  of  criticism." — Orm&^s 
Bihl.  Bib. 

"  I  have  been  in  the  habit  of  considering  Hutchinsoniani.sm  ag 
a  tissue  of  fancies  unsupported  by  reason  or  Scripture;  and  all 
that  has  occurred  to  me  to  read  on  that  system  has  conlirmed 
that  impression." — Robert  Hall;   Workx,  ed.  1853,  v.  .'•34. 

Hutchinson  attacks  Dr.  John  Woodward's  Essays   to- 


927 


HUT 

wards  a  Natural   Ilistnry  of   the   Earth,  as  well  as  the 
Prineiitia  of  Sir  Isaac  Newton. 

Hutchinson,  Kev.  Julius.  See  Hutchixson, 
Lncv. 

Hutchinson,  Rev.  John.  See  Hutchinsos, 
Thomas. 

Hutchinson,  Lucy,  b.  lfilO-20  a  daughter  of  Sir 
Alhiu  Ap.sley,  and  widow  of  Col.  John  Hutcliinson,  the 
Governor  of  Kottin{,'ham  Castle  and  town,  and  one  of  the 
judges  of  Charles  I.,  wrote  Memoirs  of  her  hnsbanil's 
life  and  of  her  own,  which  were  all  first  pub.  from  her 
MS.  by  their  descendant,  the  Rev.  .Julius  Hutchinson, 
1806,  Lon.,  4to;  1810,  4to  ;  ISIO,  2  vols.  Svo ;  1816,  sq., 
(Bohn's  St.and.  Lib.,  vol.  xiii.) 

•'  We  havo  not  often  met  with  any  thing  more  interesting  and 
curious  than  this  volume."— Lord  Jeffkei  :  Eilin.  licv.,  xiii. 
25,  q.  v. 

See  also  his  review  of  the  Memoirs  of  Lady  F.anshawe. 
Edin.  Rev.,  1.  75-85;  and  Fan.siiawe,  A.nn  Harrison, 
Lady,  in  this  Dictionary. 

"  I  have  seldom  been  so  deeply  interested  by  any  booli  as  this." 
— Robert  Southlt  :  Lifo  and  Con-esp. 

*'  Our  readers  probatily  reineraber  what  Mrs.  Hutchinson  tells 
us  of  herself,"  &c. — T.B.  Macaulat:  Ont.  and  Hist.  Essays^ 
1854.  ii.  2U2.  .         ,,,.,. 

"Great  is  the  praise  due  to  the  fluent  and  uaive  style  of  the 
author  of  the  Memoirs  of  Colonel  Hutchinson.  ITie  autbor  was 
the  wife  and  widow  of  the  colonel,— a  wom.nn  of  equal  .spirit, 
talent,  and  virtue." — Dihdin's  Lib.  Coiiip.,  1S25.  503. 

"  The  editor  has  not  exaggerated  when  he  recommends  his  book 
to  the  ladies  as  more  entertaiuiui:  than  most  novels." — Lrm.  Crit. 

•R«'-  .     „ 

"A  book  of  singular    interest    and    importance.' — Censura 

Literaria. 

"A  valuable  addition  to  our  records,  and  justly  entitled  to 
stand  by  the  side  of  Rushworth,  Clarendon,  and  Ludlow."— ion. 
Mimth.  Rev. 

See  also  O.vford  Review  ;  Hallam's  Constit.  Hist,  of 
England,  ed.  Isil,  ii.  321,  .366. 

Hutchin.son,  Lucy.     Christian  Religion,  1817. 

Hutchinson,  aiichael,  D.D.     Scrm.,  (1716?)  Svo. 

Hutchinson,  Kichaid  llely.  Earl  of  Donough- 
more.  1.  Speech  in  U.  of  Lords,  ISIU,  Svo.  2.  Do., 
1812,  Svo. 

Hutchinson,  Roger,  d.  1555,  an  early  Reformer, 
Fellow  of  St,  John's  Coll.,  Camh..  1513,  and  of  Eton 
Coll.,  1550.  Theolog.  Works,  edited  for  the  Parker  Soc. 
by  John  Bruce,  Camh.,  1S12,  Svo. 

••  If  I  am  at  all  able  to  judge,  he  is  a  man  of  profound  undei^ 
etaoding,  of  singular  learning,  and  yields  scarcely  to  any  one  in 
strictness  of  life  and  clear  judgment  of  religion :  he  is  true- 
hearted,  and  is  most  strenuously  averse  from  popery." — Roger 

ASCHAM. 

Hutchinson,  Samuel,  d,  1780,  Bishop  of  KiUala 
and  Achonry,  1759.     Serm.,  Dubl.,  1761.  4to. 

Hutchinson,  T.  J.  Narrative  of  the  Niger, 
Tshadda,  and  Binue  E.xpedition,  Lon.,  1855,  Ifimo. 

'■  A  useful  contribution  to  the  history  of  African  enterprise." — 
Lon.  Alhenaum.  1S06.  pp.  54S-519. 

Hutchinson,  Thomas,  D.D.,  Preb.  of  Chichester. 
Serms.  and  theolog.  treatises,  1738,  '45,  '46. 

Hutchinson,  'I'homas.  Xenophontis  Opera  Grfficse 
ct  Latine.  cum  Notis  Variorum,  O.ton.,  1727-35,  2  vols.  4to. 
(See  also  Lowndes's  Bibl.  Man.,  191I4-95.)  Spelman  highly 
commends  this  edit.  See  also  Harwood's  View  of  the 
Greek  and  Roman  Classics ;  Dibdin's  Lib.  Comp.,  ed. 
1825,  143. 

Hutchinson,  Thomas,  1711-17S0,  graduated  at 
Harvard  College,  1727 ;  Chief-Justice  of  the  Province 
of  Massachusetts,  1760  ;  Lieutenant-Governor,  1758-71 ; 
Governor.  1771-74.  Ho  was  superseded  by  General  Gage, 
May  13,  1774,  and  on  the  first  of  the  following  month 
sailed  for  England,  where  he  was  in  the  receipt  of  a  pen- 
sion until  his  death  at  Brompton,  Juno  3,  1780.  He  was 
very  unpopular  in  Massachusetts  on  account  of  his  oppo- 
sition to  the  principles  of  American  liberty;  and  his  ilis- 
graco  was  completed  by  the  publication  of  some  of  his 
private  letters,  of  the  same  tendency,  to  an  ex-niember  of 
the  British  Parli.ament.  These,  with  some  others,  were 
discovered  in  England  by  Benjamin  Fr.anklin,  .and  by  him 
sent  back  to  Massachusetts  to  Dr.  Cooper,  with  an  iujunc- 
tion  that  they  should  not  be  copied  nor  published.  1.  The 
Hist,  of  the  Province  of  Ma.ssachusetts  Bay  from  162S  to 
1749,  vol.  i.,  Bost.,  1764,  Svo;  Lon.,  1765.  Svo.  The  date 
1760  which  appears  on  some  title-pages  is  erroneous.  VoL 
ii.,  Bost,  1767.  Svo:  Lon.,  1768,  Svo;  3d  cd.  of  vols.  i. 
and  ii.,  with  addit.  Notes  and  Corrects.,  Salem,  Mass.,  1775, 
2  vols.  Svo.  Vol.  iii.,  being  a  Continuation  from  1749  to 
1774,  now  first  printed  from  the  author's  MSS.,  by  his 
grandson,  the  Rev.  John  Hutchinson,  of  Trentham,  Eng- 
land, Lon.,  1828,  Svo.     A  continuation  of  vols.  i.  and  ii. 


nuT 

of  Hutchinson's  Hist.,  bringing  the  history  from  1748 
down  to  1765.  was  written  by  George  Richards  Minot.  and 
puK  vol.  i..  Bost.,  179S,  Svo  ;  vol.  ii.,  1S03,  Svo.  To  Hutch- 
inson's History  the  collector  must  add  (2.)  A  Collection 
of  Original  Papers  relative  to  the  Hist,  of  the  Colony  of 
Massachusetts  Bay,  Bost.,  1769,  Svo,  pp.  576.  These  were 
pub.  by  Hutchinson 

■■  To  support  and  elucidate  the  principal  facts  related  in  the  first 
part  of  tlie  History  of  Mas>achusetts  Uay.  and  may  serve  as  an 
appendix  to  it.  .  .  .  The  author  of  that  history  was  possessed  of 
many  other  ancient  and  very  curious  original  papers,  which  are 
u-recoverably  lost  by  an  unfortunate  event,  sufficiently  known." 

The  reference  here  is  to  the  destruction  of  his  papers  at 
the  time  of  the  Stamp  Act  riots  in  Boston,  in  1765.  Hutch- 
inson also  pub.  some  political  pamphlets.  See  "Warren; 
Minot;  the  Histories  of  this  period;  Allen's  Amer.  Biog, 
Diet.;  Rich's  Bibl.  Amer.  Nova;  Review  of  Hutchinson's 
3d  volume,  in  N.  Amer.  Review,  xxxviii.  13  1-158  ;  Review 
of  Br.  Hosack's  Memoir  of  Dr.  Hugh  Williamson,  in  N. 
Amer.  Rev.,  xi.  31-37,  (by  Edward  Everett;)  Review  of 
Hubbard's  Hist,  of  New  England,  in  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  ii. 
223,  (by  James  Savage;)  Review  of  Documentary  Hist, 
of  the  Revolution,  in  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  xlvi.  477-478,  (by 
George  Bancrolt :)  Hubbard,  William,  in  this  Dictionary. 
"Hutchinson,  whose  writing  is  more  worthy  of  the  dignified 
title  of  history  than  any  other  American  composition  during  our 
colonial  state." — James  Savage:  uhi  snpra. 

•'The  only  monument  of  his  mind  is  his  History  of  Massachu- 
setts, written  with  lively  iu'iuisitiveness  and  a  lawyer-like  criti- 
cism :  though  without  a  glimpse  of  the  great  truths  which  were 
the  mighty  causes  of  the  revolutions  he  describes.  He  was  philo- 
sophic, if  to  know  somewhat  of  the  selfish  principles  in  man  be 
philosophy ;  otherwise  he  was  blind,  except  to  facts." — George  Ban- 
croft :  ulji  snpra. 

"  The  reputation  of  Governor  Hutchinson's  History  of  Massa- 
chusetts rests  on  the  solid  basis  of  utility  and  truth.  As  a  full, 
correct,  and  ftiithful  account  of  the  rise  and  progress  of  an  import- 
ant portion  of  our  country,  it  is  of  inestimable  value." — Jldgb 
Davis. 

"  He  laboured  hard  in  the  field  of  our  colonial  antiquities,  pro- 
ducing fiir  a  result  two  volumes  of  early  history,  which  will  ever 
be  considered  a  mine  of  wealth  by  all  future  historians  and  anti- 
quaries; though  their  minuteness  of  detail  and  fidelity  of  research 
will  not  compensate  with  most  general  readers  for  their  length 
and  moderate  literary  execution." — JV.  Amer.  Rev.,  xlvi.  137. 

"  He  wrote  a  good  sulisfantial  history.  It  has  been  well  con- 
tinued by  Minot.'" — Bladcw.  Matj.,  xvii.  5S:  ^ai^ncun  WriterSy 
Ko.  4. 

Hutchinson,  Lt.-Col.  W.N.  Dog-Breaking;  the 
most  Expeditious,  Certain,  and  Easy  Method,  Lon.,  1848, 
'50,  fp.  Svo. 

"  A  more  opportune,  a  pleasanter,  a  more  u.seful  book  to  the 
sportsman  th;m  this  has  not  been  published  for  many  a  djiy.  The 
author  is  a  practical  man,  and  almost  every  thing  he  writes  about 
dog-breaking  may  be  relied  on.  He  is  most  varied  and  minute, 
ha.s  forgotten  nothing;  and  the  many  things  he  teaches,  he  teaches 
well."-^*H'.<!  Life. 

Hutchinson,  Wm.  Seamanship,  1777,  '91,  4to. 
Hutchinson,  Wm.  1.  Oratiou  at  Free-Masons"  Hall, 
Lon.,  1778,  4to.  2.  Excursion  to  the  Lakes  in  Westmore- 
land and  Cumberland,  Ac,  1776.  Svo.  3.  View  of  North- 
umberland, i'C,  Newcast,  1778-80,  2  vols.  4to.  4.  Hist, 
and  Antiq.  of  the  County  P;ilatinate  of  Durham.  1785-94, 
3  vols.  4to.  5.  Hist,  of  the  County  of  Cumberland,  Ac, 
Carlisle,  1794-98,  4to.  6.  Antiq.  in  Lancashire;  Archseol., 
1789.     See  Upeott's  Eng.  Topog. 

Hutchinson,  Wm.     The    Spirit  of  Masonry  ;  new 
ed.,  with  Notes,  by  the  Rev.  Geo.  Oliver,  Lon.,  1843,  12mo. 
Hutchison,   John,  M.D.      Tetanus ;    Mem.   Med., 
1789. 

Hutchison,  Robert.     Ulcers  ;  Ess.  Med.,  1744. 
Hiithersall,  John.     English  Grammar,  1814,  ISmo. 
Htltt,  Wm.,  M.P.     Key  to  Agricultural    Prosperity, 
Lon.,  1838,  Svo.     See  Donaldson's  Agricult.  Biog. 
Hutten,  Henry.     See  Hutton. 
Hutten,  Letin,  D.D.     1.  Answer  to  the  Cross  in  Bap- 
tism. Oxon.,  1605,  4to.     2.  The  Antiquities  of  Oxford,  pub. 
by  Tliora,as  Hoarne,  Oxf.,  1720,  Svo. 
Hutten,  Robert.     See  Hlttos. 
Hntter,  E.  W.,  Lutheran  pastor,  Philadelphia,  Penna., 
co-editor  td"  the  Lutheran  Home  Journal. 

Huttman,  Wm.  Life  of  Christ,  Lon.,  1S18,  Svo. 
Hutton.  Freezing  of  Alcohol;  Nic.  Jour..  1S13. 
Hutton,  Catherine,  a  daughter  of  Willi:im  Hutton, 
of  Birmingham.  1.  The  Miser  Married ;  a  Novel,  Lon., 
1813,  3  vols.  12mo.  2.  The  Life  of  Wm.  Hutton,  Ac, 
written  by  himself,  pub.  by  C.  11.,  1816,  Svo.  Sec  Hutton, 
AVilliam.  3.  The  'Tour  of  Africa;  selected  from  the  best 
Authors.  1819-21,  3  vols.  Svo. 

Hulton,  Charles.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1686,  4to. 
Huttou,  Charles,  LL.D.,   1737-1823,   a  native  of 
Newcastle-upon-Tyne,  was  Mathematical  Professor  to  tho 
Royal  Military  Academy  at  Woolwich  from  1773  luitil 


HUT 

1806,  when  he  rolired  upon  a  pension  of  £500  per  annum. 
His  principal  worlis  are  (1.)  Treatise  on  Mensuration,  Lon.,  ! 
1771,  4to;  nth  ed.,  by  Maynard,  ISoO.  12mo.  2.  Miscel- 
lanea Mathematica,  1775,  12mo.  3.  The  Diarian  Miscel- 
lany: from  the  Lady's  Diary,  1704-73,  with  addits., 
Lon.,  1776,  6  vols.  12mo.  4.  Mathematical  Tables,  1785, 
8vo.  New  ed.,  by  Oliuthus  Gregory,  (./.  v.,)  1S30,  8vo; 
11th  ed.,  1849,  r.  8vo.  6.  Compendious  Measurer,  1786, 
12mo.  New  ed.,  with  a  Key,  Dubh,  12mo.  6.  Tracts, 
M.^themat.  and  I'hilos.,  17S6,  4to.  New  ed.,  with  im- 
provements, Ac,  1S12,  3  vols.  8vo. 

**  The  tracts  before  us  relate  to  a  preat  varii^ty  of  subjects.  Pome 
of  them  have  already  appeared  in  the  liiilnsMpliiral  Tr.ins.actionB, 
or  in  dftJiihed  iioiks,  but  are  now  greatly  iiin,lilir,l  and  improved : 
and  the  volumes  contain  so  much  that  is  valuable,  and  indeed  so 
much  that  is  new,  that  we  are  inclined  to  enter  somewh.at  at  large 
into  an  analysis  of  their  contents.'' — Lon.  Quar.  liev.,  is.  400-41S; 
also  reviewed  in  Kdin.  Rev.,  xxii.  8S-107. 

7.  Elements  of  Conic  Sections,  ie.,  1787,  8vo. 
"  Un  niodele  dn  precision  et  de  clart^." — Montucla. 

8.  A  Mathemat.  and  Philos.  Dictionary,  1705-96,  2  vols. 
4to.  New  ed.,  with  addits.  and  improvements,  1815,  2 
vols.  4to. 

'■  It  has  supplied  all  subsequent  works  of  that  description,  and 
even  the  most  voluminous  Cyclopedias,  with  valuable  materials, 
both  in  the  sciences  and  in  scientific  biography."— ZrfWi.  Gent.  Mag., 
M'lrrh.  1S23 ;  Memnir  of  the  late  Dr.  Htitlmi. 

9.  A  Course  of  Mathemat.,  1798,  2  vols.  8vo;  vol.  iii., 

1801,  8vo.  12th  ed.,  by  0.  Gregory  and  T.  S.  Davies,  1840, 
2  vols.  8vo.  13th  ed.,  by  Wm.  Rutherford,  1816,  Svo.  14th 
ed.,  by  Wm.  Rutherford,  1854,  8vo.  Key  to  Rutherford's 
Button,  (13th  ed.,  1840,)  by  J.  Hickie.  1849,  8vo.  There 
was  a  Key  pub.  by  D.  Cowling,  which  applied  to  an  old 
edit,  in  3  vols.  Solutions  of  llutton's  Mathemat,  by  T.  S. 
Davies,  1840,  Svo.  llutton's  Mathemiit.,  in  Ar.abic,  Pt.  1, 
4to.     10.  Recreations  in  Mathemat.  and  Natur.al  Philos., 

1802,  4  vols.  Svo.  New  ed.,  by  E.  Riddle,  1840,  Svo ;  again, 
1S54,  Svo.  11.  Philos.  Transa"c.  of  the  Royal  Soe.,  abridged 
by  C.  Hutton,  Geo.  Shaw,  M.D.,  and  R.  Pearson,  M.D., 
1804-09,  IS  vols.  4to.  A  list  of  llutton's  papers  in  Phil. 
Trans,  will  be  found  in  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit,  and  a  Memoir 
of  his  Life  was  pub.  in  Lon.  Gent  Mag.,  1823,  Pt  1,  228- 
232,  296.  In  this  Memoir  occurs  an  interesting  letter 
from  Lord-Chancellor  Eldon  to  Lieut-Gen.  Hutton,  Royal 
Army,  son  of  the  mathematician,  acknowledging  the 
benefits  which  he  had  derived  from  Dr.  Hutton 's  instruc- 
tions when  his  pupil. 

"He  (Dr.  Hutton  I  will  long  l>e  remembered  by  a  country  so 
essentially  benefited  by  his  life  and  works." — Lord  Eldon  :  ubi 
supra. 

See  also  Hallam's  Lit  Hist  of  Europe,  ed.  1854,  ii.  219. 

Hutton,  F.  H.,  Vicar  of  Leckford,  Hants.  1.  Dis- 
courses, Lon.,  1833,  Svo.     2.  Serms.,  1835,  Svo. 

Huttou,  George.  Amantes;  a  Nov.,  Lon.,  1794, 
12mo. 

Hutton,  George,  D.D.  Serms.,  Ac,  Lon.,  1798-1809. 

Hutton,  George.  Theory  and  Practice  of  Arith- 
metic, Lon.,  12mo.  Abridged  for  L.adies,  ISmo.  Highly 
commended.  2.  Miinual  of  Arithmetic,  1844,  12mo;  6th 
ed.,  1854,  12mo. 

Hutton,  Henry.  1.  This  'World's  Folly,  Lon.,  1615, 
4to.  2.  Follie's  Anatomie  ;  or,  Satyres  and  S.atyrieall 
Epigrams,  Ac,  Lon.,  1619,  sm.  Svo,  pp.  66.  Bibl.  Anglo- 
Poet,  £10  10«,,  7.  t: 

Hutton,  James,  M.D.,  1726-1797,  called  the  author 
of  the  Plutonian  Theory  of  Geology,  a  native  of  Edin- 
burgh, took  his  medical  degree  at  Leyden  in  1749.  On 
his  return  honie  he  became  a  zealous  student  of  agricul- 
ture and  geology,  and  gave  the  first-fruits  of  his  researches 
to  the  world  in  1777,  under  the  title  of  Considerations  on 
the  Nature,  Quality,  and  Distinctions  of  Coal  and  Culm, 
Edin.,  Svo.  In  1792  he  pub.  Dissertations  on  different 
subjects  in  Natural  Philosophy,  4to;  in  1794,  Dissertation 
upon  the  Philosophy  of  Light,  Heat,  and  Fire,  Svo;  in 
the  same  year,  An  Investigation  of  the  Principles  of 
Knowledge,  and  of  the  Progress  of  Reason  from  Sense 
to  Science  and  Philosophy,  3  vols.  4to;  and  in  1795, 
Theory  of  the  Earth,  with  Proofs  and  Illustrations,  2  vols. 
Svo.  This  is  a  collection,  with  additions,  of  his  papers  on 
this  subject  in  the  Edin.  Phih  Trans.  His  theory,  as  com- 
municated in  the  above  papers,  had  been  warmly  attacked 
by  Dr.  Kirwan,  in  the  Memoirs  of  the  Irish  Academy. 
The  day  that  Hutton  read  Kirwan's  attack  he  commenced 
the  preparation  of  the  MS.  of  the  above  two  vols,  for  the 
press.  Professor  John  Playfair  zealously  espoused  Hut- 
ton's  cause,  and  pub.  in  1802,  Svo,  Illustrations  of  the 
Huttonian  Theory  of  the  Earth.  This  work  was  reviewed 
in  the  same  year  by  Dr.  John  Murray,  in  A  Comparative 
View  of  the  lluttouian  and  Neptunian  Systems  of  Geo- 


IIUT 

logy,  in  Answer  to  the  Illustrations,  4o.  In  the  h.ands 
of  Professor  Playfair  we  may  safely  leave  the  scientific 
reputation  of  Dr.  Hutton.  PUayfair's  biographical  ac- 
count of  his  "  guide,  philosopher  and  friend"  will  ho 
found  in  Trans.  Soc.  Edin.,  1803,  vol.  v.  p.  39.  Or,  as 
this  work  is  not  easily  accessible,  see  a  memoir  of  Dr. 
Hutton,  based  upon  the  above,  in  Chambers  and  Thom- 
son's Biog.  Diet  of  Eminent  Scotsmen,  ed.  1855,  iii.  175- 
182 ;  see  also  Huttonian  and  Neptunian  Geology, — a 
review  of  Dr.  Murray's  Comparative  View,  by  Lord 
Jeffrey, — in  Edin.  Rev.,  ii.  337-348  ;  Sir  Archibald  Alison's 
Hist  of  Europe,  1815-52,  chap.  v. ;  Dr.  Hutton  and  his 
System,  Bhackw.  Mag.,  i.  232;  A  Word  to  Huttonian  and 
Weruerian  Disputants,  Blackw.  Mag.,  iii.  683-5S5 ;  Walt's 
Bibl.  Brit,  articles  Hutton,  James,  Luc,  John  Andrew 
De  ;  Donaldson's  Agricnlt  Biog.  Dr.  Hutton  seems  to 
have  entertained  a  fraternal  sympathy  with  all  who  were 
engaged  in  the  laudable  design  of  enlarging  the  bounds 
of  human  knowledge  : 

"  lie  would  rejoice  over  Watt's  improvements  on  the  steam- 
engine,  or  Cook's  discoveries  iu  the  South  Sea,  with  all  the 
warmth  of  a  man  who  was  to  share  iu  the  honour  or  profit  about 
to  accrue  bom  them." — Prof.  Playfair  ;  iil'i  supra. 

Hutton,  James  H.  1.  Scrm.,  Exeter,  1797,  4to. 
2.  Hone  EcclesiasticaB,  1808,  vol.  i.,  12mo. 

Hutton,  Joseph,  Jr.  Reaping-Hook  ;  Nic.  Jour., 
1811. 

Hutton,  Joseph,1787-lS28,  of  Philadelphia.  Poems. 
Hutton,    Luke.      The   Blacke   Dogge  of   Newgate, 
Lon.,  4to,  «.  a.     A  poetical  black-letter  tract 

Hutton,  Matthew,  1546-1605,  Bishop  of  Durham, 
15S9  ;  trans,  to  York.  1594.  1.  Serm.,  Lon.,  1579,  lOmo. 
2.  E.vplicatio  de  Electione,  Prwilestinatione.  .ac  Reproba- 
tione,  cui  pra;mittuntur  Lambethani  Articuli,  Hardrov., 
1613,  4to. 

Hutton,  Matthew,  d.  1758,  Bishop  of  Bangor,  1743; 
Archbishop  of  York,  1747;  trans,  to  Canterbury,  1757. 
Occasional  serms.,  pub.  separately,  1741,  '44,  '45,  '46,  '47. 
Hutton,  R.  N.  1.  Recollections  of  Rugby,  Lon., 
12mo.  2.  Five  Y'ears  in  the  East,  1847,  2  vols.  p.  Svo. 
Highly  commended.  3.  Jealousy;  a  Nov.,  1848,  3  vols. 
p.  Svo. 

Hutton,  Richard.  Lexicon  Latino-Gra;co-AngIi- 
cum,  ad  Gul.  Morelii  Archetypum  accuratissime  ex  usum, 
Lon.,  1583. 

Hutton,  Sir  Richard,  d.  1639,  made  Serjeant, 
1603  ;  a  Justice  of  the  Common  Pleas,  1618.  1.  Argu- 
ments by  him  and  Sir  Geo.  Coke,  Lon.,  1641,  4to.  2. 
Reports,  15  Jac  I.-15  Car.  L,  1612-39,  fob,  1656;  2d 
ed.,  1682,  fol.  Respecting  this  work  and  Hutton's  MS. 
Reports,  see  Wallace's  Reporters,  3d  ed.,  1S55,  179,  377, 
378. 

Hutton,  Robert.  The  Summe  of  Divinitie ;  from 
the  Latin,  Lon..  1518,  12mo;   1560,  '61,  '67,  16mo. 

Hutton,  Thomas.   Subscrip.  to  C.  Prayer,  1605, 4to. 
Hutton,  Rev.  W.     The  Book  of  Nature  Laid  Open  ; 
4th  ed.,  Lon.,   1821, 12mo.     Amer.  ed.,  revised  by  Rev. 
John  L.  Blake.  D.D.,  N.  York,  ISmo. 

Hutton,  VViUiam,  1723-1815,  a  bookseller  of  Bir- 
mingham, rose  liy  perseverance  and  industry  from  poverty 
to  .aflluence.  In  his  last  work — A  Trip  to  Coatham — 
written  in  his  eighty-sixth  year,  he  tells  us — 

"  I  took  up  my  pen.  and  that  with  fear  and  trembling,  at  the 
advanced  age  of  fifty-si.>(,  a  period  when  most  would  lay  it  down. 
I  drove  the  quill  thirty  years,  during  which  time  I  wrote  and 
published  thirty  books."' 
I  His  works  were  originally  pub.  from  1782  to  1810.  A 
collective  ed.  of  his  Works  was  pub.  in  1817,  in  S  vols.  Svo, 
consisting  of— Vol.  I.  His  Life,  written  by  himself;  Jour- 
ney to  London  ;  2d  edition.  II.  History  of  Birmingham. 
III.  Courts  of  Requests,  and  Dissertation  on  Juries  and 
Hundred  Court  IV.  B.attle  of  Bosworth  Field;  2d  edit., 
with  Additions  by  Nichols.  V.  History  of  Derby ;  De- 
i  scription  of  Blackpoob  VI.  History  of  the  Rom.an  Wall, 
VII.  Remarks  on  North  Wales;  Tour  to  Scarborough, 
with  A  Survey  of  I'ork.     VIII.  Trip  to  Coatham. 

He  also  pub.  The  Barbers  ;    a  Poem,  1793,  Svo  ;    Edgar 
'  and  Elfrida;  a  Poem,  1794,  Svo.     There  has  been  a  new 
ed.  of  his  Poems,  chiefly  Tales,  Svo  ;    and,  since  the  col- 
lective ed.  of  his  Works  was  pub.,  there  have  been  new 
eds.  of   the  Court  of  Requests,  1840,  Svo;    his  Life,  by 
himself,  1841,  sq. ;    Trip   to   Redcar  and  Coatham,  184], 
Svo.     His  topographical  works  are  valued  for  the  vast 
amount  of  minute   details  which  they  contain.     See  his 
autobiogra.phy,  a  curious  and  amusing  work  ;  Lon.  Month. 
>  Rev.,  Isxxii.  202;  Blackw.  Mag.,  i.  413-414. 
j      Huttou,  William.     Voyagei  to  Africa,  Lon.,  1S21, 
i  Svo.     A  valuable  work,  with  public  documents. 


Hex 

V,.!^?n""''  ■J"''"' M-I5-  1694-176S,  a  native  of  Hal- 
berton,  Devonsh.re  the  sou  of  a  butcher,  studied  under 
IZl^CT'  f  \'^  Z"' """!  ^b-^^n^eutly  praetised  at  Ply- 
tiunes  Je  Aero  et  Morb.s  Epidemicis:  vol.  i.,  Lon.,  1739, 
8vo;    vol.  „.  1752,  8vo;    vol.  iii.,  p„b.  by  his  son    1771 

fnVj  r,^n'"r''""'  ^^""'^  Bibl.  Brit.  2.Essa; 
on  Fevers,  739,  50,  '57,  '64,  ■67.  '6<J.  Svo.  Trans,  into 
Portuguese  by  order  of  the  King  of  Purtugal,  4to.  3. 
Sore  Throat  1750,  8vo.  4.  Antimony,  1756,  Svo.  5.  Med. 
papers  in  Phd  Trans.,  1723-68.  6.  Med.  paper  in  Med. 
Obs.  and  Inq  1767.  A  collective  ed.  of  HuUam's  worlds 
which  have  always  been  popular  in  Germanv  and  Franco 
was  pub.  on  the  continent,  under  the  title  of  Opera  Phv- 

of  B?tT'  •  '^'^  */"'^  ^"''-  """'■■■  «™«'^  Cy'c;  Lives 
of  Br,t.Phys,c,ans,  L.m.,  1830;  Blewitt's  Panorama  of 
Torquay;  Polwhcle's  History  of  Devonshire 

Huxley,  George.  Book  of  Judgments  in  Real 
Personal,  and  Mi.xed  Actions.  Revised°and  corrected  i,y 
mi  ^7""™'  ■  ^^l-l  1W4,  Svo.      Collected  out  of  the 

Fir^Vnid  >.""™'r^'  '^l'"-^'?'  ""''  Smythier,and  cited  as 
iirst  and  Second  Books  of  Judgments 

ni?f m-vT^h'^*;?""*'  ^."V^'  distinguished  naturalist. 
Dist,  ,y  of  the  Ocean.o  Hydrozoa.     In  press,  1867.     See 

H.' ..'    ■.".'•  %"■'  ^':-  I^i«S>-^Pl'3',  VOL  vii.,'supp 
Huxtable,  Itev,  A.     Ou  Manures.  1847,  8vo 

au^o"ntkd,t'  c^7;  f''-«"«i^',P"''.  some  treatises  on  the 
Hor'n^l'B.ill.  Bib    "'"  "  ''  ''  ^™-'  '''''  ''''  ^"^     «- 

IsSno*:'  ■'•  "'•      ""''''   ^'"""^  "'  ^--^•^.   Lon., 
Huyshe,  John,  of  Brazcnnos*  College.     Treat    on 
Lo^c,  on  the  basis  of  Aldrich,  Lon.,  P'mo 

2.  Scrms.  on  Select  Subjects;  2d  ed    181 1   8v,T     q  \^' 

on  the  VII   Epistles  i   thrApotlypVe, 'i^M  's^T 

SS^?i!l^c--«--sJ 

sS'|;E^™i;„ri^A^r— 

p/lt,'n^e'rTftr"mt.'-  ^k^^i^'^^'  ¥-- 
N.  York  Lit.  and  Theolog.  Rev  ,v    544^  '^■'  '""'•  ^  ' 


IML 

.    Hyde,  Henry,  Second  Earl  of  Clarendon.    See  Cla- 
rendon, Henrv  HvilE. 
Hyde,  Henry,  Lord  Hyde  and  Cornbury.     See 

CLAnESDON.  He.NRV  HVDE. 

Hyde,  Thomas,  D.D.,  1636-1703,  a  native  of  Shrop- 

cX' o".^     iT^'' °"''"f /''il'-' ^^'"''•' '''^^  ;  of  Queen'^s 
L_oil.,  y.\f,  ]6o8  ;   succeeded  Henry  Stubbe  as  PHncinnl 
Keeper  of  the  Bodleian  Library  ;  Pr^eb:  of  s'li^lur;     66'6 
Archdeacon  01  Gloucester,  1678;  succeeded  Dr.  Edward 
Pocock  as  Landian  Professor  of  Arabic  at  0.vfo;d    169 
Reg.us  Prolcssor  of  Hebrew,  .and  Canon  of  Chrisr6hurch; 
169  .     He  was  a  man  of  vast  erudition,  especially  in  the 
Kastern  tongues,  and  pub.  a  number  of  leaned  work  "and 
projected  many  more.    Among  the  best-known  of  his  nub 
EibiMh    "«  (|;).  Catalogus   Impressorum    Lib  orum   in 
B.bl.othecaBodleiana,  Oxon.,  1674,fol.     New  ed    eWeflv 

l'"4r3vof\^,''°"'l^"'"'  '''''  2  vols,  for  New  ed! 
1843,  3  vols,  fol  ;  vol.  ,v.,  1850.  2.  Quatuor  Evan^elica 
et  Acta  Apostolorum,  Lingua  Malaica,  Characteri°ti  us 
Europa.,s,  0.xf.,  1677,  4to.     3.  De  Ludis brient."lin,n,  Heb 

1^0   "Hd    1 '^r'i?  '"Tr,  ^''•^»°™"  Historia  T  u  , 
.^ri  '  '       •     I^«s'«<l.,  1760,  4to 

T  •?'<•".,     f    ,"•     ^"''-  ^y  ^''-  Gregory  Sharpe,  with  the 

in'I^Hv  'e  an 'l  r'  ^'^  "'•,'    ^°'  ''"'''''  informal  respect! 
ng  H^de  and  his  works  see  Athen.  Oxon.;  Biocr.  Brit  • 

e^i  Lon  "■  SM '^§4""  r'; '  """J"^"'^  ^^""-'^ "'  ^"«>" ;; 

W;i.  n  in  H,  '  'J-^''"'  r-eudered  great  service  to  Brian 

riytii,  n  111,     t?ce  Hyatt 

AvJl  *^  '  '^'J"'';"'  ^^■^■'  ''■  '"  ^o^-  1559,  a  nati™  of 
Wales  or  ot  Scotland,  studied  at  Oxford,  received  hi,  doc 
tor^s  degree  on  the  Continent,  and  wrote'a  Conamentary  on 

Hyll,  or  Hylle,  Thomas.     See  Hill. 
Hylton,  Walter.     See  Hilton. 
Hynd,  John.     See  Hind 

Ki"- EdiX'^h"'"^."'  ""p"^  "°  "'"'-^'-^^  "f  'h''^''^' 

JvirK.  i^dmhuigh      Scrm.,  Prov.  xiv.  34,  Edin.,  1761    Sv„ 

Hyneman,  Leon,  b.  1806,  in  Montgome  y  eo  '  pi  : 

.oKj^^-l--;.>:--;-a-l^ea.unt 
fyrste  m  Latyne  by  the  right  famous  Clerke  Leues  Vu^ 
iaf  .V'i!^  ":','  l^^l^--i"t°  Englysshc,  lL  ,  1540, '4i; 
rp  I'l  '  ^l"-,^^"  ^thciuip.  B.  1,  entitled  "  What  Bokes  0  be 
redde  and  what  nat,"  gives  an  account  of  ungracious  bookes! 


Lelef  "e's ^Anl7af1^Xt"^''''°'\ ^"'l'  ''"""'•^'  P™"»- 
setzt,  1831  ^""""^  Jackson,  aus  dem  Englischeu  ueber- 

Londor'B"o;an™ir'pfn^'"^.^V""-'«23,    a  native   of 
1809-17.    """""'"-^  P'-'P"*  '"  Nie.  Jour,  and  Phil.  Mag., 

Ibbetson,  James,  D.D.,17ir_i78i   P,.„i,  ,fT-       1 
Theolog   treatises  and  'serms!,  1746-83  '  "  "^  ^""='''"- 

Legal''D?i:r"Lfon"'l-:io'li'-'""'  ^"°  "'  "'^  P-»ding. 

cie;;^t'^n;!;?!^"Si^i^i;fr is-r'r  "°  ^-'- 

or::!s,---:j-^^^^:%ietures,ue 

lobetson,  Iiichni<l    n  n      c' 

Ihi...>    E»     "'iiiaia,  Li.u.     ,serms.,  ]71'>_92 

min^tt"*',:?4*:%'''"se":.s''-.!:"t!.f'^^?V'^''-'^^-^ 
Svo,  1727.     ■>   X\-Y    I  "'«  Boyle  Lects.,  1714-15, 

six  more,  ani  a  L^   me^o^^^f '  '  \f '  8™-    With 
Trans,  of  a  Treati™  ,,V  P   «■      ,    '/•  '''"'■     "'^  "l'^"  P"h-  a 

preacher."— Dei.  Flexman  '"^'""r,  and  a  judiciou.s  and  useful 

Lon^?5'5P!":,^-    ^^'"'^-  "^  ■^"•^^  ^-^P'-'-  Gelli's  Circes, 


I. 


Ilitf,  Mrs.  Kdward  Henry,  wife  of  the  rrecedin? 

Poems  on  variuus  subjects,  ISOS,  Svo  Preceding. 

Hive,  Jacob.  The  Book  of  Jasher,  175]  4to  Re 
will  be  iuund  m  Horne's  Bibl.  Bib.  Hue  who  wa?  -^n 
Nict  s^s^Lif  a"''  "-"'t?'  P'"'-  ^'™«  "'»>"   workl's:: 

iijenueu,  J.     Ganger,  Lon.,  1771 
.^p^sr;^-^-!|-,--^Aeeo„ntofthe 

J    nigworlh,  James,  D.D.     Senn.s.,  1781-95 

Ve';"char'les "'-T  ''""'^"  f  ^--'-'"■■•g  ^t  1800. 
IUI„,^'  J-,"»ft's.     Taxing  Attornics,  1804,  8vo 

.2m':.'*^l?„?hlrcl?mLed"°'-^"  '""^  Si>ore,  Bost.:-1856, 

IsJ^^|:;!:^^^^:;,J:::r::^:;-erestconsidered, 

Imber,  Matt.     Cu.stoms  of  Merdon,  1707 

H.  u'.?,',''    *  !"•     "-[T'  °f  ^-'^'™'  Lon-    S15,  Svo. 

ed       V  J  W;  ",      V    ^'■^l"""'^  ">'■  ^'-^  "-d  Science;  new 

in  lay   Cant'' r"WT'.^  '"''■  '™-     0"=^'  '^"t^ 
xuuay,  capt.  G.,  of  the  American  army.     1.  Topog. 


IMP 

Dcscrip.  of  the  Western  Territory  of  N.  America,  Lon., 
17ii2,  '93.  '97.  8vo.  The  3d  ed.  embodies  the  worlis  of 
Filson.  Hutchins.  and  other  matter.  The  student  of  the 
early  history  of  the  Western  country  should  possess  this 
work.  2.  "The  Emigrants:  a  Nov.,  1793,  3  vols.  12mo. 
Commended  bv  the  Lou.  Month.  Rev. 

Impcy,  F.ii.jah  B.  Poems,  Lon.,  1811-13. 
Impey,  John.  1.  Instructor  Clericalis:  C.  Pleas;  7th 
ed.,  Lon.,  1S26,  r.  8vo.  2.  Instructor  Clericalis:  King's 
Bench  ;  10th  ed.,  1823,  8vo.  3.  Office  of  .Sheriff.  &c. ;  new 
ed.,  liy  11.  Jeremy,  1831,  8vo.  4.  Modern  Pleader;  new 
ed.,  1814,  r.  8vo.     See  1  Lee's  Diet.,  Pref.,  v. 

Impcy,  Walter  J.  1.  Proceed,  in  K.  B.  and  C.  P., 
Lon.,  18211,  8vo.  2.  Bankrupt  Act,  1825,  12mo.  3.  Ques. 
on  Prae.  K.  B.  and  C.  P.,  1825,  Svo.  4.  General  Stamp  Act ; 
4th  ed.,  1839,  12mo. 

Imray,  Keith,  M.D.  Cyclopedia  of  Popular  Medi- 
cine, Lon.,  1842,  Svo;  1843,  8vo. 

••An  excellent  manual  of  the  pr.ictice  of  medicine,  translated 
into  the  vernacul.ar." — rmvincial  Mud.  and  Surg.  Jour. 

Imrie,  Major.  Geological  papers  in  Trans.  Soc, 
Edin.,  1796,  1S12;  and  in  Nic.  Jour.,  1796. 

Ince,  Henry.  1.  Outlines  of  English  History,  18mo. 
72,0U0  sold  to  1854.  New  ed.,  1855,  ISmo.  2.  Outlines 
of  French  History;  7th  ed.,  1854,  18mo.  3.  Outlines  of 
General  Knowledge,  ISmo.     11,1100  sold  to  1854. 

Ince,  Iln^h.  Trans,  of  Kimedoncius's  work  On  the 
Kedcmption  of  Mankind,  Lon.,  1598,  4to. 

Ince,  Richard,  d.  1758,  contributed  several  pieces  to 
the  Spectator. 

Inchbald,  Mrs.  Elizabeth,  1756-1821,  a  celebrated 
actress,  dramatist,  and  novelist,  a  native  of  Stanningfield, 
Suffolk,  where  her  father,  Mr.  Simpson,  was  a  farmer,  came 
to  London  at  the  age  of  sixteen  to  seek  an  engagement 
on  the  stage,  and  married  Mr.  Inchbald,  an  actor  of  some 
reputation.  The  beautiful  Mrs.  Inobbnld  seems  to  have 
trod  the  boards  with  unbounded  applause  from  her  first 
appearance  on  the  stage  until  her  retirement  in  1789. 
From  this  period  she  supported  herself  by  her  literary 
labours,  which  had  commenced  as  early  as  1781,  although 
her  Comedy  then  written — I'll  Tell  You  What — was  not 
performed  until  1785.  The  first  piece  of  her  composition 
which  was  played  was  the  Farce  of  A  Mogul  Tale ;  or, 
The  Descent  of  the  Balloon,  which  came  out  in  1784  at 
the  Haymarket  Theatre.  The  following  is  a  list  of  her 
dramas:  1.  A  Mogul  Tale;  Farce,  1784.  Not  printed. 
2.  Appearance  is  against  them;  Farce,  1785,  Svo.  3.  I'll 
Tell  You  What ;  Cum.,  1786,  Svo.  4.  Widow's  Vow  ;  Farce, 
17S6.  Svo.  5.  All  on  a  Summer's  Day;  Com.,  1787.  Not 
printed.  6.  Animal  Magnetism  ;  Farce,  1788.  Notprinted. 
7.  The  Child  of  Nature  ;  Dram.  Piece,  1788,  Svo.  8.  Mid- 
night Hour  ;  Com.,  17S8,  Svo.  9.  Such  Things  Are;  Play, 
1788,  Svo.  II).  Married  Man;  Com.,  1789,  8vo.  11.  The 
Hue  and  Cry;  Farce,  1791.  Notprinted.  12.  Next-Door 
Neighbours;  Com.,  1791,  Svo.  13.  Young  Men  and  Old 
Women;  Farce.  Not  printed.  14.  Every  one  has  his 
faults;  Com.,  1793,  Svo.  15.  The  Wedding  Day;  Com., 
17U4,  Svo.  10.  Wives  as  they  were,  and  Maids  as  they 
are  ;  Com..  1 797,  Svo.  17.  Lovers'  Vows ;  Play,  1798,  Svo. 
IS.  AVise  Man  of  the  East;  Play,  1799,  Svo.  19.  To  Marry 
or  not  to  Marry ;  Com.,  1805,  Svo.  Mrs.  Inchbald  also 
edited  a  Collection  of  Plays,  (The  British  Theatre,)  with 
Biographical  and  Critical  PiCmarks,  25  vols.,  1806-09;  a 
Collection  of  Farces  and  other  After-pieces,  in  7  vols.  12mo, 
1809;  and  the  Modern  Theatre,  10  vols.  12mo,  1S09.  But 
it  is  by  her  novels — A  Simple  Story,  1791.  4  vols.  12mo, 
and  Nature  and  Art,  1796,  2  vols.  12mo — that  this  excel- 
lent womau  is  best  known  to  the  reading-world  at  large. 
A  notice  of  each  of  these  works  from  eminent  critics  is  all 
for  which  we  can  find  space  : 

"  I  Lave  just  been  reading  for  the  third.  I  believe  for  the  fourth, 
time.  The  t^imple  Story.  Its  effect  upon  my  feelint^s  was  as  power- 
ful as  at  the  first  reading:  I  never  readniiv  novel — I  except  none, 
— I  never  read  any  novel  that  affected  me  so  strongly,  or  that  so 
completely  possessed  nie  with  the  belief  in  the  real  existence  of 
all  the  persons  it  represents.  I  never  once  recollected  the  author 
whilst  I  was  reading  it;  never  said  or  thought,  that's  a  fine  senti- 
vteitl, — or,  that  is  wfU  expressed. — or,  Oiat  is  njcll  invented ;  I  believed 
all  to  be  real,  and  was  affected  as  I  should  be  by  the  real  scenes, 
if  they  had  passed  before  my  eyes:  it  is  truly  and  deeply  pathetic." 
— Mari.v  Edoeworth. 

"If  Mrs.  KadclifTe  touched  the  trembling  chords  of  the  imagina- 
tion, making  wild  music  there,  Mrs. Incbljald  has  no  less  power 
over  the  spring  of  the  heart.  She  not  only  moves  the  affections, 
but  melts  us  into  *  all  the  luxury  of  woe.'  Her  Nature  and  Art 
is  one  of  the  most  interesting  and  pathetic  stories  in  the  world. 
It  is  indeed  too  much  so;  the  distress  is  too  naked,  and  the  situa- 
tions hardly  to  be  borne  with  patience." — Hazlitt:  On  the  Eng- 
lish Novelists. 

Mrs.  Inchbald  had  prepared  four  vols,  of  autobiogra- 


ING 

phical  reminiscences,  for  which  she  was  offered  £1000  by 
Sir  Richard  Phillips,  the  publisher;  but,  .acting  by  the 
advice  of  her  spiritual  guide.  Dr.  Poynter,  she  destroyed 
the  MS.  In  1S33,  however,  Mr.  Boaden  pub.  Metn(dr3 
of  Mrs.  Inchbald,  compiled  from  an  autograph  journal 
which  she  had  kept  for  above  half  a  century.  Of  these 
Memoirs  a  review,  accompanied  by  copious  extracts,  will 
be  found  in  Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  1833,  Pt.  2,  240-243,  332- 
336.  A  biographical  notice  of  Mrs.  Inchbald,  pub.  at  the 
time  of  her  death,  will  be  found  in  the  same  periodical, 
1821,  Pt.  2,  184-185,  648.  See  :tlso  Jlrs.  Elwood's  Lite- 
rary Ladies  of  England:  Allan  Cunningham's  Biog.  and 
Crit.  Hist,  of  the  Lit.  of  the  Last  Fifty  Y'ears  ;  Lon.  Month. 
Rev.,  cxxxi.  476;  Eraser's  Mag.,  viii.  5S6;  N.  Amer.  Rev., 
xxxvii.  445.  bv  F.  A.  Durivage. 

Inchbald,  P.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1805.  Svo. 
Inchequin,  Lord.    Mtinifcstation  to  the  H.  of  Lords 
cone,  the  Irish  Rebels,  Lon.,  1644,  4to. 

Incledon,  Bcnj.  Account  of  the  Hospital  of  St. 
Margaret;  Archa^ol.,  1796. 

Iiiett,  John,  D.D.,  Precentor  and  Canon- Residentiary 
of  Lincoln.  1.  Origines  Anglicana; ;  or,  A  Hist,  of  the 
English  Church  from  the  Conversion  of  the  Eng.  .Saxons 
till  the  death  of  King  John:  vol.  i.,  Lon.,  1704,  fol. :  ii. 
Oxf.,  1710,  fol.  New  ed.,  by  the  Rev.  John  Griffiths, 
late  Fellow  and  Tutor  of  Wadham  College,  Lon.,  1855, 
3  vols.  Svo.  This  work  is  a  continuation  of  Bishop  Stil- 
lingflcet's  Origines  Britannica:.  Extracts  will  be  found 
in  Wordsworth's  Eccl.  Biog.  2.  A  Guide  to  the  Devout 
Christian  :  11th  cd.,  1723,  12mo. 

Ingeland,  Thomas.  A  Pretie  and  Mery  now 
Enterlnde,  called  the  Disobedient  Child,  Lon.,  ».  a.,  4to. 
Ingelden.  Love  and  Marri:tge,  Lon.,  1765,  4to. 
Ingelo,  Nathaniel,  D.D.,  d.  1683,  pub.  three  Serms., 
1659-77,  and  wrote  a  religious  romance  entitled  Bentivolio 
and  Urania,  Lon.,  1669,  fol.;  1673,  fol.  See  Harwood's 
Alumni  Etonenses. 

Ingersoll,  C  M.  English  (irammar,  Phila. 
Ingersoll,  Charles  Jared,  a  member  of  the  Phila- 
delphia Bar,  b.  Oct.  3,  17S2,  at  Philadelphia,  is  a  son  of 
Jared  Ingersoll,  of  Philadelphia,  and  a  grandson  of  Jared 
Ingersoll,  of  Connecticut,  Stamp  Commissioner.  The  sub- 
ject of  our  notice  was  elected  a  member  of  the  National 
House  of  Representatives  in  1812,  and  has,  until  within 
the  last  seven  or  eight  years,  been  actively  engaged  in 
puljlic  life  in  various  capacities.  His  principal  literary 
productions  are  the  following: 

About  1800,  a  poem,  called  Chiomara,  published  in  the 
Port-Folio,  edited  by  Joseph  Dennie.  1801.  A  tragedy,  in 
five  acts,  called  Edwy  and  Elgiva,  performed  at  the  thea- 
tre. Chestnut  Street.  1SU8.  A  pamphlet  on  the  interna- 
tional disputes,  called  the  Rights  and  Wrongs,  Power  and 
Policy,  of  the  United  States  of  America.  1810.  A  volume 
entitled  Inchiquin  the  Jesuit's  Letters  on  American  litera- 
ture and  politics.  Reviewed  in  the  Lon.  Quar.  Rev.,  x.  494- 
539.  See  also  Rich's  Bibl. Amer.  Nova,  ii.  50.  The  review 
in  the  London  Quarterly  was  answered  by  James  K.  Pauld- 
ing, in  his  United  States  and  England,  pub.  in  1814. 
1811-15.  Numerous  contributions,  anonymous,  to  the  De- 
mocratic Press,  Phila,,  and  National  Intelligencer,  Wash- 
ington, on  the  controversies  with  England  which  produced 
the  war  decl.ared  in  1812.  1813-15.  Several  Speeches, 
published  in  pamphlets,  as  member  of  Congress,  concerning 
that  war.  1823.  Discourse  before  the  American  Philoso- 
phical Society  on  the  influence  of  America  on  the  mind. 
Republished  in  England  and  France.  1827.  The  Address 
of  the  Assembly  of  friends  of  domestic  manufactures  at 
Harrisburg;  and  (1829)  most  of  the  address  of  the  Na- 
tional Assembly  on  that  subject  at  New  Y''ork.  Transla- 
tion of  a  French  Work  on  the  freedom  of  navigation  and 
commerce  of  neutral  nations  in  time  of  war,  vindicating 
the  law  of  nations  that  free  ships  make  free  goods :  pub- 
lished in  the  American  Law  Journal.  1830.  Review  of 
Bourrienne's  Memoirs,  in  American  Quarterly  Review. 
1831.  A  dramatic  tragic  poem,  in  five  acts,  called  Julian. 
1838.  Article  on  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United  .States,  its 
judges  and  jurisdiction,  in  the  United  States  Magazine  and 
Democratic  Review.  1835.  A  pamphlet  entitled  View  of 
River-Rights.  1837.  In  the  Convention  to  reform  the  Con- 
stitution of  Pennsylvania,  Reports  on  Currency.  Speeches, 
published  in  pamphlets,  on  the  Judiciary  and  Legislative 
power  over  bank-charters.  1841-42,  '44-48.  Reports  and 
Speeches  in  Congress,  published  in  pamphlets,  on  Tariff, 
Bank,  Mexico,  Texas,  and  Oregon.  Many  Discourses  and 
Orations,  published  in  pamphlets,  on  various  subjects,  lite- 
rary and  political.  1845-52.  History  of  the  War  of  1S12-16, 
between  Great  Britain  and  the  United  States  :  in  four  vo- 

931 


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lumes.  Vols.  i.  and  ii.  were  reviewed  in  the  Lon.  Athenaeum, 
1863.  103-104. 

'  The  quotations  that  we  have  made  suggest  a  concluding  re- 
maik  as  to  Mr.  Ingersoll's  style.  It  is  a  rough,  energetic  style, 
not  deficieut  in  happy  and  vivid  expressions:  but  we  have  rarely 
met  with  American  writing  more  contemptuous  not  only  of  Eng- 
lish rules,  but  of  the  reader's  respiratory  conveniences.  .  .  .  The 
book  is  hard  to  read  because  of  the  uncouthness  of  its  forms." 
^Ubi  sjipra. 

Whatever  may  be  the  peculiarities  of  Mr.  Ingersoll's 
gtyle,  the  jjublic  are  certainly  indebted  to  hira  fur  much 
valuable  information,  collected  from  original  sources,  and 
first  made  known  to  the  world  through  the  medium  of 
these  volumes. 

For  further  information  concerning  Mr.  Tngersoll  and 
his  literary  labours,  see  Duyckincky'  Cyc.  of  Amer.  Lit.; 
N.  Amer.  Kev.,  xviii.  157-178,  (by  Jared  Sparks;)  Ibid., 
xxii.  212-215;  Democrat.  Kev.,  (with  portrait,)  Ti.  339 ; 
Ibid.,  xvi.  221. 

Jlr.  IngersoU  is  now  (1856)  engaged  upon  a  History 
of  the  Territdrinl  .\etiuisitionB  of  the  United  .States. 

Inger$>oll,  Edward.  1.  Abridgt.  of  the  Acts  of 
Congress  now  in  Force,  Phila..  1825,  8vo.  2.  Digest  of 
Laws  of  the  U.  States,  17S9-1S20,  Phila.,  1821,  8vo. 

Ingersoll,  Edward.  1.  Hist,  and  Law  of  the  Writ 
of  Habeas  Corpus,  with  an  Ess.ay  on  the  Law  of  Grand 
Juries,  Phila.,  1849,  8vo.  2.  Addison  on  Contracts;  new 
ed.,  with  Amer.  Notes,  1857,  r.  8vo,  pp.  1200.  See  Addi- 
son, C.  G.     See  also  H.ile,  Sir  Matthew,  No.  4. 

Ingersoll,  Jared,  1722-1781.  a  native  of  Milford, 
Conn.,  graduated  at  Yale  College  in  1742,  and  was  ap- 
pointed Stamp  Commissioner  in  1765.  He  was  subse- 
quently made  Admiralty  Judge  for  the  Middle  District, 
and  resided  some  time  in  Philadelphia,  but  returned  to 
New  Haven,  where  he  died  in  August,  1781.  He  was 
present  at  the  debate  on  the  Stamp-Act,  and  on  his  return 
home  pub.  a  pamphlet  on  the  subject,  (New  Haven,  1766, 
4to,)  which  is  now  very  rare,  and  has  even  escaped  the 
researches  of  Mr.  Rich.  Extracts  from  this  pamphlet 
will  be  found  in  a  review  of  Lord  Mahou's  Hist,  of  Eng- 
land, (by  J.  G.  Palfrey.)  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  Ixxv.  141-143. 

lugcrsoll,  Joseph  Keed,  a  member  of  the  Phila- 
delphia Bar,  grandson  of  the  preceding,  and  brother  of 
Charles  Jared  Ingersoll,  {unte,)  was  for  many  years  an 
influeDtial  member  of  the  National  House  of  Representa- 
tives. For  the  last  few  years  he  has  retired  from  public 
life.  In  addition  to  a  number  of  printed  speeches  and 
addresses,  political,  literary,  and  philanthropic,  Mr.  In- 
gersoll is  favourably  known  as  an  author  by  his  transla- 
tion into  English  of  Roccns's  tracts  De  Navibus  et  Naulo, 
and  De  Assecuratione,  Phila.,  1809,  8vo. 

"An  excellent  translation.'" — Judge  Sioitt :  Marit  Law,  7 
N.  Aiiur.  Hev.,  337.  Sept.  ISIS,  and  in  Miscell.  Works,  IS52,  109. 

See  notices  of  this  accomplished  scholar  and  excellent 
man  in  Amer.  Whig  Rev.,  viii.  101,  with  portrait;  South 
Lit.  Mes.s.,  iv.  165. 

Ingham,  Samuel.     Med.  treatises,  Lon.,  1762. 

Ingleby,  C.  M.     The  Stereoscope,  Lon.,  185.3,  Svo. 

Ingleby,  John.     Two  med.  treatises,  both  Svo. 

Iiiglelield,  Capt.     Loss  of  the  Centaur,  1783,  Svo. 

Ingletield,  Ann.     Ilcr  Justification,  1787,  8vo. 

Inglelield,  E.  A.  A  Summer-Search  for  Sir  John 
Franklin,  Lon.,  1853,  p.  Svo. 

Inglis,  Charles,  D.D.,  d.  1816,  aged  82,  Rector  of 
Trinity  Church,  New   York,   1777-83,   was  subsequently 
Bishop  of  Nova  Scotia.     Religion  and  Loyalty;  a  serm 
Lon.,  1793,  Svo. 

Inglis,  Henry  David,  a  Baptist  divine  of  Edin- 
burgh. 1.  Two  Letters  on  Grace,  1791,  Svo.  2.  Serm., 
1792,  Svo. 

Inglis,  Henry  David,  1795-1836,  a  native  of  Edin- 
burgh, the  son  of  a  barrister,  travelled  extensively  over 
Europe,  and  gave  the  results  of  his  observations  to  the 
public.  1.  Tales  of  Ardennes;  last  ed.,  1841,  r.  Svo.  Pub. 
under  the  name  of  H.  Derwent  Conway,  (q.  r.)  2.  Solitary 
Walks  through  many  Lands;  3d  ed.,  1843,  r.  Svo. 

'•It  contains  more  information  of  a  variety  of  countries  than 
any  other  book  of  travels  of  the  same  size  that  we  know  of." — 
Lon.  Month.  Mag. 

3.  Journey  through  Norw.^y,  Sweden,  and  Denmark, 
1829  ;  4th  ed.,  1837,  p.  Svo. 

"A  most  delightful  volume."— ion.  Lit.  Gazelle. 

4.  Tour  through  Switzerland,  the  South  of  France,  and 
the  Pyrenees,  1830,  '35,  2  vols.  ISmo.  6.  Spain  in  1830, 
2  vols.  Svo,  1831. 

"  A  work  from  which  I  have  derived  more  information  than 
fi-om  all  the  state  documents  I  ever  perused.'' — Speech  of  Lord 
Aberdeen. 

932 


•  .  6.  The  New  Gil  Bias;  or,  Pedro  of  Penaflor,  3  vols.  p. 
Svo ;  again  in  2  vols.  p.  Svo. 

*•  Tho.se  «bo  want  a  few  hours'  plea.sant  reading  are  not  likely 
to  meet  with  a  book  more  to  their  taste." — Lon.  Athenceum. 

7.  A  Journey  throughout  Ireland  in  1834,  1834,  2  vols, 
p.  Svo;  5th  ed.,  1S3S,  p.  Svo. 

'•The  most  striking  and  the  most  valuable  characteristic  of 
this  work  is  its  strict  honesty." — Lon.  AtheneEuni,  833-835,  852- 
853. 

So  thought  the  members  of  P.arliament;  for  it  was  fre- 
quently quoted  as  authority  during  the  debates  on  Ireland 
in  the  session  of  1835. 

8.  The  Tyrol,  with  a  Glance  at  Bavaria,  1834,  p.  Svo; 
2d  ed.  pub.  within  a  month.  9.  The  Channel-Islands; 
Jersey,  Guernsey,  Alderney,  Ac,  1836,  2  vols.  p.  Svo; 
again,  1  vol.  p.  Svo. 

••  We  know  of  few  travellers  with  whom  it  is  pleasanter  to 
journey  in  company  than  Mr.  Inglis."— ion.  Athenteum,  18.i4, 
•254-255.  '  ' 

10.  Rambles  in  the  Footsteps  of  Don  Quixote,  1S37,  p. 
Svo.  Tills  was  originally  pub.  in  parts  in  the  London 
New  Monthly  Alagazine.  An  interesting  biography  of 
this  excellent  writer  will  be  found  in  Chambers  '  and 
Thomson's  Biog.  Diet,  of  Eminent  Scotsmen,  ed.  1855, 
V.  31.8-320. 

Inglis,  or  English,  Sir  James,  d.  1554,  is  the 
supposed  author  of  The  Coinplaynt  of  Scotland,  a  politi- 
cal work,  pub.  originally  at  St.  Andrews  in  1548  or  '49, 
and  repub.  by  Dr.  Leyden.  It  is  called  the  earliest  Scot- 
tish prose-work  in  existence.  See  Leyden's  ed.  of  Com- 
playnt  of  Scot. ;  Mackenzie's  Writers  of  the  Scots  Na- 
tion ;  Irving's  Scot.  Poets;  Lives  of  Eminent  Scotsmen. 

Inglis,  James,  D.D.,  of  Baltimore,  d.  1820.  A  vol. 
of  his  poems  was  pub.  after  his  decease. 

Inglis,  John,  D.D.,  d.  1834,  aged  71,  one  of  the 
ministers  of  the  (jreyfriars  Church,  Edinburgh,  pub.  two 
pamphlets  in  1806,  on  one  of  Dugald  Stewart's  ;  and 
more  recently  gave  to  the  world  a  Defence  of  Ecclesiasti- 
cal Establishments,  and  a  Vindication  of  the  Christian 
Faith,  Edin.,  1830,  Svo. 

"Inglis's  admirable  View  of  the  Evidences  of  Christianity." — 
Christopher  Noeth  :  Nodes  Ambrosiance.    See  also  Blackw  Ma" 
XXV.  109.  " 

Inglis,  Mrs.  Richmond.  Anna  and  Edgar;  a 
Tale,  Edin.,  1781.  Svo. 

Inglis,  Sir  Robert  Harry,  M.P.,  1786-1855,  edu- 
cated at  Christ  Church,  Oxford,  first  elected  to  Parlia- 
ment in  1824,  and  from  1829  to  '53  represented  the 
University  of  Oxford  in  that  dignified  body.  Four  of  his 
Speeches  were  printed, — three  on  R.  Catholic  questions, 
1S25-2S,  and  one  on  Universities  and  Dissenters,  1834. 
See  Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  1855,  Pt.  1,  640-641 ;  Fraser's  Mag. ; 
Blackw.  Mag.,  xviii.  487;  xxiv.  811;  xxix.  659,  660,  729, 
730.  735:  xxxi.  773;  xlvi.  307;  Sir  James  Mackintosh's 
Works,  Lon.,  1854,  iii.  640. 

Ingmclhorpc,  Thomas.     Two  .serms.,  1598.  1619. 

Ingoldsby,  Thomas.  See  Bakhaji,  Richard 
Hakhis. 

Ingpen,  Abel.     British  Insects,  12mo. 

Ingpen,  H  m.  Secrets  of  Numbers,  Lon.,  1642. 
4to. 

Ingraham,  Edward  D.,  a  member  of  the  Phila- 
delphia Bar,  d.  1S54.  1.  A  View  of  the  Insolvent  Laws 
of  Pennsylvania;  2d  ed.,  Phila.,  1827,  Svo.  2.  Gow  on 
Partnership,  with  Notes  and  App.  to  1844,  Svo,  1837—45. 
See  Gow,  Neil.  3.  Vattel's  Law  of  Nations:  7th  Amer. 
ed.,  from  a  new  cd.  by  J.  Chitty,  1852,  Svo.  See  Chitty, 
Jos.  4.  English  Ecclesiastical  Reports;  from  1S09  to 
1835,  7  vols.  This  work  is  serial.  Mr.  Ingraham  was 
noted  for  his  love  of  rare  and  curious  books  .and  prints; 
and  the  catalogue  of  his  library,  sold  in  Philadelphia, 
February,  1855,  is  well  worthy  of  the  attention  of  the 
veritable  bibliomaniac.  A  notice  of  Mr.  Ingraham, 
with  a  portrait,  wQl  be  found  in  the  Democratic  Review. 
XXV.  77. 

Ingraham,  Rev.  J.  H.,  now  a  clergyman  of  the 
Protestant  Episcopal  Church  in  the  United  States,  before 
his  ordination  pub.  a  number  of  romances,  among  which 
are  The  Southwest,  Burton,  Lafitte,  Will  Terrill,  and 
Rivingstone.  Since  he  entered  the  ministry,  he  has 
published  The  Prince  of  the  House  of  David;" or.  Three 
Years  in  the  Holy  City,  N.  York,  1865, 12mo.  See  South. 
Lit.  Mess.,  ii.  693;  iv.  561. 

Ingram,  Alexander,  a  teacher  of  Mathematics  at 
Leith,  pub.  works  on  mathematics,  1809-14,  some  of 
which  still  keep  their  place  in  schools, — viz.:  1.  Arithme- 
tic: 24th  cd.,  L.ni.,  1844,  ISmo.  2.  Algebra,  1844,  12mo. 
3.  Geometry  and  Trigonometry,  1850,  12mo.      4.  Mathe- 


ING 


matics.  by  Trotter;   7th  eel.,  1S45,  i2mo.     5.  McDsuratioti,  ' 
by  Trotter.  18.)1.  12mo,  [ 

"Ingram,  Dale,  d.  1793,  pub.  a  number  of  medical 
work?,  Lon.,  174;i-77. 

Ingram,  Edward  James.  Vindicige  Lusitanse: 
rel.  tn  Emi.L^ratiun  to  the  Brazils,  Lon.,  180S,  Svo, 
Ingram,  Henry.  A  Poem,  Lon.,  1815,  8to. 
Ingram,  James,  D.D.,  1774-1850,  President  of 
Triu.  Cull.  Oxford,  and  Rector  of  Garsington,  is  favour- 
ably kndwn  as  an  author  by  his  Memorials  of  Oxford, 
published  in  Pts.,  bound  in  3  vols.,  1S34-35-37;  new  ed., 
1S47,  2  vuls.  Svo;  and  by  his  Trans,  of  the  Saxun  Chro- 
nicle, 1823,  4to.  He  was  the  author  of  several  other 
publications,  for  an  account  of  which,  see  Lon.  Gent.  Mag., 
1S5H.  Ft.  2.  553-555. 

Ingram,  Robert,  1727-1804,  a  native  of  Yorkshire, 
Vicar  of  Boxtcd.  A'c.  1.  Isaiah's  Vision.  Lon..  17S4,  Svo. 
2.  The  Seventh  Plague,  1787,  Svo.  3.  Tlie  Ten  Tribes  of 
Israel  in  America.  1702,  Svo.  See  Rich's  Bibb  Amer. 
Nova,  i.  370.     4.  The  Seven  Vials.  1804. 

Ingram,  Robert  Acklom,  Rector  of  Seagrave.  d. 
1809,  aged  47,  pub.  several  sernis.,  and  an  essay,  1788- 
ISOO,  tour  works  on  political  economy.  1797,  1800,  '08, 
and  a  work  on  Methodism,  which  was  reviewed  by  the 
Rev.  Sydney  Smith  in  Edin.  Rev.,  1808,  and  in  his 
Works.*1854,  i.  188-216. 

Ingram,  Rowland.  1.  Reflec.  on  Duelling,  Lon., 
1804,  8vo.     2.  Scrm..  ISiU. 

Ingram,  Mm.     Puems,  Aberd.,  1S12,  Svo. 
Ings,  E.     Arrest  on  Mesne  Process,  Ac,  Lon.,  1840, 
12mo. 

Ingnlphns,  a  monastic  historian,  b.  in  London,  about 
1031),  d.  IIDU,  has  long  enjoyed  the  reputation  of  the 
authorship  of  a  work  on  the  life  and  miracles  of  St. 
Gutblac,  and  a  History  of  the  Monastery  of  Croyland, 
626-1089.  The  latter,  which  embodies  many  particulars 
relating  to  EngUi^h  histury,  was  pub.  by  Sir  Henry  Savile, 
in  the  Rerum  Anglicarum  Scriptures  post  Bedam  prtecipui, 
Lon.,  159(J,  fob  ;  Franc,  1601,  fol. ;  and  entire,  with  Peter 
of  Blois's  continuation,  (11)90-1117,)  in  the  Rerum  Angli- 
carum Scriptorum  veterum,  Oxun.,  1684,  fob,  torn.  i.  A 
new  ed..  edited  by  Mr.  H.  T.  Riley,  has  been  recently 
pub.,  1854,  p.  Svo,  in  Bohn's  Antiq.  Lib.,  vol.  xsix.  But, 
unfortunately  for  the  fame  of  Ingulphus,  it  has  been 
proved  (by  Sir  Francis  Palgrave  first,  in  the  Lon.  Quar. 
Rev.,  and  by  Thomas  AVright,  in  Biog.  Brit.  Lit.)  that  this 
history  is  a  forgery.  See  these  authorities,  and  Hallam's 
Lit.  Hist,  of  Europe,  ed.  Lon.,  1854,  i.  16,  and  27,  n.  In 
the  history  it  is  stated  that  its  reputed  author,  Ingulphus, 
also  wrote  a  life  of  St.  Guthlac ;  but  no  such  book  is  known 
to  exist,  nor  is  it  mentioned  by  any  other  authority. 

Inkersley,  Thomas.  On  the  Styk-s  of  Roman  and 
Pointed  Architecture  in  France,  Lon..  1850.  Svo. 

"  Kxecuttid  with  f^ie;tt  diligence  aud  scholarly  candour." — Lon. 
SjKctotor. 

luman,  James.     Algebra.  1810,  Svo. 
lunes,  Alexander,  D.D.     Scrms.,  1717-28. 
Innes,  George.  Militarie  Rudiment, Aberd., 1644, 4to. 
Innes,  George.     XIV.  Discourses,  Lon.,  17S3,  12mo. 
"  His  discourses  are  i)I:iin,  soVier.  and  rational." — Lon.  Crit.  Kex', 
Innes,  Hugh.  Divine  Meditations.  Glasg.,  1756.  Svo. 
Innes,  James.      Idea  Juris    Scotici;    or,  A    Sum- 
mary View  of  the  Laws  of  Scotland,  Lon.,  1773,  4to. 
Innes,  James  D.     Med.  treatise.  Lou.,  17S4.  Svo. 
Innes,  John,  M.D.     Con.  to  Ed.  Med.  Ess.,  1731. 
Innes,  John.     Annuities,  Bdin.,  1741,  4to. 
Innes,  John,  d.  1776,  dissector  in  the  Univ.  of  Edin. 
1.  Human    Muscles,    Edin.,    1776,    12mo.     By   A.  Muuro, 
M.D.,  1778,  12mo.     Other  eds.      2.  Auat.  Tables  of  the 
Human  Body,  1776,  4to. 

Innes,  Louis,  a  R.  Catholic  priest,  b.  about  1650, 
Principal  of  the  Scotch  College  at  Paris,  and  Parisian 
secretary  to  James  II.,  is  said  to  have  written  the  Memoirs 
of  James  II.,  an  abstract  from  which  was  used  by  James 
St.\nier  Clarke  (q.  v.)  in  the  work  pub.  by  him,  entitled 
The  Life  of  James  II.,  Ac.  The  original  memoir,  in  4  vols, 
fob,  MS.,  was  destroyed,  but  a  compendium  was  pre- 
viously prepared,  aud  it  is  to  this  we  have  reference  in 
the  above  remark.     But  see  next  article. 

Innes,  Thomas,  1662-1744,  a  Roman  Catholic  priest, 
brother  of  the  preceding,  and  his  successor  in  the  office 
of  Principal  of  the  Scotch  College  at  Paris,  was  the  author 
of  A  Critical  Essay  on  the' Ancient  Inhabitants  of  the 
Northern  Parts  of  Britain,  in  which  he  attacks  with  much 
success  the  assertions  of  Forduu's  Chronicle,  and  other 
histories,  respecting  the  antiquities  ui  Scotland.  He  is 
also  supposed  by  some  to  have  been   the  author  of  the 


IRE 

Memoir  of  James  II.  noticed  in-  preceding  article.  A 
biographical  account  of  Innes  will  be  found  in  Chambera 
and  Thomson's  Biog.  Diet,  of  Eminent  Scotsmen,  1853, 
iii.  183-187.  Innes's  Critiral  Essay  was  answered  by 
Andrew  Waddell,  Edin..  1733,  4to,  and  by  Alex.  Taitt, 
1741,  12mo.  Both  of  these  answers  will  be  found  in  vol. 
i.  of  Scotia  Rediviva,  1826,  Svo.  Innes's  Critical  Essay 
is  a  work  of  great  value  to  the  student  of  Scotch  history : 
"Father  Innes.  of  the  Sorbonne,  explored  the  antiquities  of  his 
native  country  with  a  more  rational  (spirit  of  criticism  than  any 
of  his  predecessors.  His  Critical  Kssay  is  a  work  of  real  learning 
and  importance." — Irvine. 

"Invaluable.  His  industry,  coolness,  judgment,  and  general 
accuracy  recommend  him  as  the  best  antiquary  that  Scotland 
has  yet  produced.  Ilis  long  account  of  the  Scottish  historians  is 
exact,  curiou.s,  and  interesting."— A'n/a'?7f>?i's  Sc^'tlatut. 

Innes,  Wm.  Bundle  of  Myrrhej  or,  Three  Medita- 
tions of  Tears,  Lon.,  1620,  Svo. 

Innes,  Wni.,  an  Independent  minister  of  Edinburgh. 
1.  Sketches  of  Human  Nature.  Edin..  1807,  12moj  2d  ed., 
1818.     2.  The  Christian  Ministry,  1824,  Svo. 

"This  is  extracted  from  various  Evangelical  authors." — Bicker- 
sidirs  C.  K 

Other  thcolog.  works. 

Inskip,  John  S.,  b.  1816,  at  Bedfordshire,  England, 
emigrated  to  the  U.  States  in  early  life.  1.  Remarkable 
Display  of  the  Mercy  of  God  in  the  Conversion  of  a 
Family  from  Infidelity.  2.  Life  of  Rev.  Wm.  Summers,  a 
Blind  Man,  Bait.  3.  Methodism  Explained  and  Defended, 
Cincin. 

InAVOod,  Henry  William,  son  of  the  succeeding.  1. 
Studies  of  the  Architect,  from  Nature.  4to.  2.  Ereetheion 
at  Athens,  1827,  imp.  fob;  coutaining  Fragments  of 
Athenian  Architecture.  Remains  in  Attica,  Megara,  and 
Epirus,  comprising  also,  under  the  divisions  of  Cadmeia, 
Ilomeros.  Uerodotos,  the  Origin  of  Temples  and  of  Grecian 
Art  of  the  periods  preceding. 

Inwood,  William.  Tables  for  the  Purchasing  of 
Estates,  Ac  Lon..  isil.  8vo ;  14th  ed.,  1853.  12mo. 

Irby,  lion.  Charles  Leonard,  and  James  Man- 
gles, Commander  in  the  Royal  Navy.  Travels  in  Egypt, 
Nubia,  Syria,  and  the  Holy  Land,  .fee,  Lon.,  1823,  Svo. 
Privately  printed.     Pub.  1844,  p.  Svo;   1S47,  p.  Svo. 

*'  Alnio.ct  from  the  first  a  sealed  book,  and  never  very  generally 
known,  those  who  were  admitted  to  its  pages  prized  it  highly/' — 
L<m.  Lit.  Guzrlte. 

"  I  have  obt^iined  much  important  information  from  the  Travels 
of  Captains  Irby  and  Mangles." — Keith's  Evidences  of  Frnphecy. 

Iredell,  James.  1.  Laws  of  N.  Carolina.  1715-90» 
Edenton.  1791,  fol.  2.  N.  Carolina  Reports,  1778-1837, 
Raleigh,  1839,  2  vols.  Svo.  3.  N.  Carolina  Equity  Reports, 
1840-43,  2  vols.  Svo,  1S41-43.  4.  N.  Carolina  Supreme  Ct 
Law  Reports,  1840-44,  4  vols.  Svo,  1S41-44. 
Ireland.  See  Mickle,  William  Julits. 
Ireland,  John,  d.  ISOS,  a  native  of  Wem,  in  Shrop- 
shire. 1.  Life  of  Henderson,  the  actor.  See  Hendkrson, 
JoHX.  2.  Hogarth  Illustrated.  See  Hogarth.  William, 
No.  4.  For  an  account  of  Ireland,  see  Chalmers's  Biog. 
Diet.:  Lou.  Athen.,  vol.  v.;  Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  vol.  l.\xviii. 
Ireland^  John,  D.D..  1761-1842.  a  native  of  Ash- 
burton,  Devonshire,  matriculated  at  Oxford,  17S0,  as  Bible 
Clerk  of  Oriel  College;  Vicar  of  Croydon,  Surrey,  1793; 
Preb.  of  Westminster,  1S02 ;  Dean  of  Westminster,  and 
Rector  of  Islip,  1816.  He  founded  four  scholarships,  an 
exhibition,  and  a  professorship,  at  Oxford,  and  left  a  large 
sum  for  benevolent  purposes.  1.  Five  Discourses  rel.  to 
the  Early  Reception  of  Christianity,  Lon.,  1796,  Svo.  2. 
Vindiciae"  Regise,  1797,  Svo.  3.  Serm.,  1807.  4.  Paganism 
and  Christianity  Compared,  in  a  Course  of  Lects.,  1809; 
2d  ed.,  1825,  Svo.     A  most  excellent  work. 

"The  classical  and  more  particularly  the  ecclesiastical  learning 
which  he  has  displayed  in  this  volume  has  indeed  highly  gratified 
us." — L<m.  Cftris.  Observpr. 

"  An  able,  learned,  and  instructive  work." — Brit.  Critic. 
5.  Lett,  to  H.  Brougham.  Esq.,  M.P..  1S19.  6.  Nuptias 
Sacra?,  1821.  7.  The  Plague  of  Marseilles  in  1720,  4to, 
1S34.  Dr.  Ireland  was  one  of  the  earliest  contributors  to 
the  London  Quarterly  Review,  whose  editor,  Wm.  Giflford, 
was  for  furty-five  years  his  intimate  friend.  See  a  biogra- 
phy of  Dr.  Ireland,  in  Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  1842,  Pt.  2,  549- 
550. 

Ireland,  J.  P.  Effects  of  Arsenic  in  counteracting 
the  Poisiin  of  Serpents;  Medieo-Chirurg.  Trans.,  1811. 

Ireland,  Samuel,  d.  1800,  originally  a  mechanic  in 
Spitalfields,  subsequently  a  dealer  in  scarce  works  and 
prints,  pub.  8  vols,  of  Picturesque  Tours  and  Views  on 
Great  Britain  and  the  Continent,  Lon..  1790-1800,  (see 
Lowndes's  Bibl.  Man..  999-1000:)  Graphic  lUustrationa 
of  Hogarth,  1794;  and  Miscellaneous  Papers  and  Legal 


TRE 


mv 


Instruments  under  the  band  and  5eal  of  "William  Skak- 
epeare,  including  the  Tragedy  of  King  Lear,  and  a  small 
fragment  of  Hamlet  from  tbe  Original,  1796,  fol.,  £4  4». 
This  was  the  celebrated  '*  Ireland  Forgery,"  perpetrated 
by  tbe  publisher's  son,  Wm.  Henry  Ireland,  {q.  v.,  and 
authorities  there  cited.) 

Ireland,  Thomas.  1.  Abridgt.  of  Sir  Edward  Cuke's 
XL  Parts  of  bis  Reports,  IGoO,  '57,  '06,  12uio.  2.  Abridgt. 
of  Sir  James  Dyer's  Reports,  1651.  3.  Verses  spoken  to 
the  King  and  Queen  at  Oxford,  1663,  4to. 

Ireland,  William  Ileury,  d.  1S34,  a  son  of  Samuel 
Ireland,  (ante,)  perpetrated  in  1795-96  tbe  remarkable 
Shakspeare  Forgeries,  which  gave  his  nnme  such  infamous 
notoriety.  For  an  account  of  this  deception,  which  im- 
posed for  a  time  upon  several  litterateurs  of  note,  see  Au- 
thentic Account  of  the  fc-hakspeare  Manuscripts,  by  W.  H. 
Ireland,  1796,  Svo ;  Tbe  Confessions  of  W.  H.  Ireland,  1S05 ; 
G.  Chalmers's  Apology  for  the  Believers  of  the  Shaksp. 
Papers,  1797.  8vo;  Jlalone's  Inquiry  into  the  Authentieily, 
Ac;  Chalmers's  Supp.  Apology,  1799,  Svo;  Append.,  ISUO, 
Svo;  Miscellaneous  Papers  and  Legal  Instruments,  &c., 
pub.  by  Samuel  Ireland,  1796,  fol. ;  Wilson's  Shaksperiana, 
pp.  21-32;  Lon.  M<.nth.  Rev.,  N.  S.,  vols,  xii.,  xx.,  xxii., 
xsvii.,  XXXV.  J  Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  1796-97;  N.  York  Eclec. 
Mag.,  xvi.476;  Phila.  Bizarre,  1853,  vol.  ii.  21-23,  33-35. 
The  plays  of  Vortigern  and  Henry  the  Second,  two  of  the 
Shakspeare  Forgeries,  were  printed  in  1799,  8vo,  and  Ire- 
land repub.  Vurtigern,  with  an  original  preface  and  a  fac- 
simile of  the  forgery,  in  1S32,  Svo.  The  fol.  vol.  pub.  by 
S.  Ireland,  1796,  containing  the  Miscellaneous  Papers, 
&c.,  is  very  rare,  as  but  133  copies  were  preserved.  See 
Wilson's  Shaksperiana,  p.  22.  We  happen  to  possess  Ire- 
land's own  MS.  of  one  of  his  forgeries, — Henry  the  Second : 
the  rascal  seemed  to  feel  but  little  penitence  for  his  fraud; 
for  at  the  conclusit>n  he  indulges  in  the  self-gratulatory 
exclamation,  "Huzza!  Huzza!  Huzza!"  In  addition  to 
the  Shakspeare  forgeries.  Ireland  wrote  a  number  of  no- 
vels, plays,  poem?,  Ac.,  1799-1S14,  a  list  of  which  will  be 
found  in  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit. 

Samuel  was  really  hl^Jirat  name. 

Iremouger,  Rev.  Frederic,  pub.aserm.,  1816,  and 
some  educational  works.  A  new  ed.  of  his  Questions  for 
the  Element.  Books  in  the  National  Schools  was  pub.,  Lon., 
1840,  12mo. 

Ireton,John.  Microcosmus:  Anatomy  of  the  Bodies 
of  Man  and  Woman,  Lon.,  1670,  fol. ;  from  the  original  of 
Spaher. 

Irish,  David.  1.  Leyamen  Infirmi,  Lon.,  1700,  8vo. 
2.  Animadversio  Astrologica,  1701,  Svo. 

Irons,  Joseph,  minister  of  Grove  Church,  Camber- 
well.  1.  Jazer :  Assistance  to  the  Weak  in  Faith;  16th 
ed.,  Lon.,  1S32,  ISmo.  2.  Grove  Chapel  Pulpit,  vols,  i.-iv., 
1851-52,  &c.     Other  works. 

Irons,  William  Jonah,  b.  at  Hoddesden,  Herts, 
1812,  Vicar  of  Brompton,  1S42,  has  pub.  a  number  of 
germs,  and  theolog.  treatises,  1836-52.  See  Darling's 
Cyc.  Bibl.,  i.  613-615. 

Ironside,  Lt.-Col.     Sun-Plant;  Phil.  Trans.,  1774. 

Ironside,  lOdward,  of  Twickenham,  d.  1803.  Hist, 
and  Antiq.  of  Twickenham,  Lon.,  1797,  4to.  This  work 
forms  No.  6  of  Miscellaneous  Antiquities,  in  continuation 
of  the  Bibliotbeca  Tnpographia  Britannica. 

Ironside,  F.  Gilbert.     The  Sabbath,  Oxf.,  1637, 4to. 

Irvine,  Alexander.  De  Jure  Regni  Biascepsis  ad 
Regem  Carolum,  Lugd.  Bat.,  1627,  12mo. 

Irvine,  Rev.  Alexander.  Cause  and  Effects  of 
Emigration  from  the  Highlands,  &c.,  1S02,  Svo.  Noticed 
by  Rev.  Sydney  Smith,  in  Edin.  Rev.,  i.  61-63. 

Irvine,  Alexander.  London  Flora,  Lon.,  1838, 
12mo  ;  1S46,  12mo. 

Irvine,  Alexander  Forbes.  Prac.  Treat,  on  the 
Game  Laws  of  Scotland,  Edin.,  1850,  Svo. 

'•The  latest,  fullest,  and  most  complete  collection  of  the  Forest 
Laws,  and  the  rules  of  same  in  bird  and  lieast." — I'crih  Courier. 

Irvine,  Andrew.     Serms.,  1S30,  Svo. 

*'  Good  specimens  of  sound  reasoning,  pure  theology,  and  prac- 
tical applii-'ation." — Lon.  Chris.  Hemeiuh. 

Irvine,  Christopher.  1.  Bellum  Grammaticale, 
Edin.,  1650,  'dS,  Svo,  169S.  2.  Mediciua  Magnetica;  or, 
the  Art  of  Curing  by  Sympathy,  Lon.,  1056,  Svo.  3.  In- 
dex Locorum  Scotorum,  Edin.,  1664,  Svo. 

*'  An  useful  piece,  and  well  deserves  a  new  impression." — Bj). 
Xficuls<m's  ^cot.  Hist.  Lib. 

3.  Historl  Scoticae,  Nomenclatura  Latino-Vernacula, 
1682,  '92,  Svo;  1819,  12mo.  See  an  account  of  this  writer 
in  Chambers  and  Thomson's  Biog.  Diet,  of  Eminent  Scots- 
men, 1855. 

Irvine,  Ralph.     See  Irving. 
934 


Irvine,  >V'm.,  M.B.  1.  Essays  on  Chemical  Subjects, 
edited  by  his  son,  Wm.  Irvine,  M.D.,  Lon.,  1805,  Svo.  2. 
Theories  of  Heatj  Nic.  Jour.,  1803.    And  see  1S05. 

Irvine,  Wm.,  M.D.,  son  of  the  preceding.  1.  On 
Diseases,  1802,  8vo.  2.  Letters  on  Sicily,  1813,  r.  Svo. 
3.  Latent  Heat;  Nic.  Jour.,  1S04. 

Irvine,  Patrick.  1.  Considerations  on  the  Inexpe- 
diency of  the  Law  of  Entail  in  Scotland;  2d  ed.,  Edin., 
1826,  Svo. 

*'  A  very  short  and  a  very  sensible  book  on  a  subject  of  the 
utmost  iujportauce  to  Scotland." — Edin.  Rev.,  No.  36. 

"An  aMy-wiitten  and  philosophical  tiact  in  opposition  to  the 
practice  of  entail." — McCulloch's  Lit.  of  JfoUt.  Ecnn. 

2.  Considerations  on  the  Inexpediency  of  the  Law  of 
Marriage  in  Scotland,  1828,  Svo. 

"Much  valuable  matter,  collected  from  many  authentic  sources." 
— Law  Chronicle. 

Irving,  A.  The  Theory  and  Practice  of  Caste,  Lon., 
1853,  p.  Svo. 

Irving,  B.  A.  Egypt  and  the  Bible,  Camb.,  1S53,  p.  Svo. 

Irving,  C.     Educational  works,  Lon.,  1841,  »tc. 

Irving,  David,  LL.D.,  a  distinguished  biographical 
and  legal  writer.  1.  Lives  of  Scottish  Authors,  viz.:  Fer- 
gusson.  Falconer,  and  Russell,  Edin.,  ISUl,  12mo.  2.  Ele- 
ments of  English  Composition,  Lon.,  ISOl,  12mo  ;  lUh 
ed.,  1841,  12mo.  3.  Lives  of  the  Scottish  Poets,  Edin., 
1804,2  vols.  Svo;  2d  ed.,  improved,  Lon.,  1S10,2  vols.  Svo. 

'■  Great  research  and  critical  ingenuity." — Park. 

4.  Memoirs  of  the  Life  and  Writings  of  George  Bu- 
chanan, Edin.,  1S07,  Svo;  2d  ed.,  corrected  and  enlarged, 
with  an  Appendix,  1817,  Svo.  5.  Memorial  of  Anne  Mar- 
garet Anderson,  1815,  Svo.  Privately  printed.  6.  Obser- 
vations on  the  Study  of  the  Civil  Law,  1815,  Svo;  4th  ed., 
1S37,  Svo. 

"  Gives  complete  and  interesting  det.nils.  -within  a  moderate  com- 
pass, (pp.  2S2.  Svo.)  of  the  existing  state  of  the  study  and  practice 
of  the  L'ivil  Law.  both  at  home  and  abroad,  and  of  all  the  great 
continental  writers  upon  the  subject." —  Warren's  Law  Studies,  ed. 
1845,  864. 

See  also  2  Hoff.  Leg.  Stu.,  557;  1  Jurist,  661 ;  14  Leg. 
Obs.,  334;  2  Law  Mag.,  481.  To  Dr.  Irving  we  are  also 
indebted  for  the  article  on  Civil  Law,  in  the  7th  ed.  Encyc. 
Brit,  vol.  vi.,  708-719.  7.  Alex.  Montgomery's  Works  in 
i  the  Scottish  Dialect,  with  Life  ami  Illustrative  Notes.  1821, 
Svo.  250  copies  jtrinted.  8.  A  Catalogue  of  the  Law  Books 
in  the  Advocates'  Library,  1S31,  Svo.  0.  Lives  of  the 
Scottish  Writers,  Lon.,  1839,  2  vols.  p.  Svo;  1S50,  2  vuls. 
in  1,  p.  Svo.  10.  The  Table-Taik  of  John  Selden,  with 
Notes,  1854,  cr.  Svo. 

'■•  Enriched  by  annotations  of  no  inconsiderable  value,  evincing 
extensive  and  well-directed  research." — Weslni.  Jiev. 

Irving,  Edward,  1792-1834,  a  native  of  Annan, 
Dumfriesshire,  Scotland,  was  educated  at  the  University 
of  Edinburgli ;  Assistant  minister  to  Dr.  Chalmers,  of 
St.  John's  Church,  Glasgow,  1819-22:  minister  of  the 
Scotch  Church,  Cross  Street,  Ilatton  Garden,  London, 
1822;  removed  to  the  large  church  built  for  bis  congrega- 
tion in  Regent's  Square,  1S29;  accused  of  heresy  by  the 
Presbytery  of  London,  1830  ;  ejected  from  his  church.  May 
3,  1832.  After  his  ejectment,  his  friends  purchased  fur 
him  the  picture-gallery  of  Benjamin  West,  in  Newman 
Street,  and  there  Mr.  Irving  attracted  large  crowds  by  his 
remarkable  exhibitions  of  tbe  *'  gift  of  unknown  tongues," 
produced  directly,  as  he  believed,  by  divine  inspiration. 
He  died  of  consumption  at  Glasgow,  December  6,  1834, 
in  the  42d  year  of  his  age.  He  was  undoubtedly  a  sincere 
and  excellent  man  ;  but  his  judgment  and  prudence  were 
not  equal  to  his  piety  ani  devotion,  even  before  the  unmis- 
takable evidences  of  insanity  which  eventually  clouded 
his  fine  intellect.  He  pub. — For  the  Oracles  of  God,  Four 
Orations;  For  Judgment  to  Come,  an  Argument  in  Nine 
Parts,  3d  ed.,  Lou.,  1824,  Svo;  Babylon  and  Infidelity 
foredoomed  of  God,  1826,  2  vols.  12mo,  reprinted  in  1  vol. 
Svo;  Serms.,  Lects.,  and  Occasional  Discourses,  Lon.,  1S2S, 
3  vols.  Svo;  Homilies  on  the  Sacraments,  vol.  i,,  1S28,  sm. 
Svo;  The  Last  Days,  1828,  Svo,  2d  ed.,  with  Life  by  H. 
Bonar,  1850,  p.  Svo;  Expositions  of  tbe  Book  of  Revela- 
tion, 1831,  4  vols.  12mo ;  and  a  number  of  single  serms., 
theolog.  treatises,  &c.  One  of  his  best  productions  is  his 
Introduction  to  Bishop  Home's  Comment,  on  the  Psalms, 
already  noticed  by  us  in  the  life  of  that  excellent  prelate. 
Mr.  Irving's  disciples  are  by  no  means  extinct,  in  proof  of 
which  a  project  is  now  (1850)  on  foot  to  build  Irvingite 
chapels  in  all  the  large  towns  of  the  United  Kingdom;  and 
it  is  reported  that  one  gentleman  in  London  has  recently 
subscribed  no  less  than  £100,000  towards  this  scheme. 
For  further  information  regarding  this  onoe-famous  divine, 
sec  Biog.  Sketch  of  Edward  Irving,  (by  W.  Junes.)  2  vols. 
8vo;  Edward  Irving,  an  Ecclesiastical  and  Literary  Bio- 


IRV 

abroad  with  his  nnele,  Washington  Irving;  was  from  1838 
to '49  Professor  of  History  and  Belles-Lettres  at  Geneva 
College,  and  subsequently  filled  for  three  years  the  chair 
of  Belles-Lettres  in  the  Free  Academy  of  New  \ork.  in 
December,  1864,  he  took  holy  orders  m  the  Protestant 
Episcopal  Church.  In  addition  to  many  fugitive  essays 
contributed  to  the  periodicals  of  the  day,  Mr.  Irving  is  the 
author  of  two  valuable  works,  viz.:  1.  The  Comiuest  of 
Florida,  by  Hernando  de  Soto,  Phila.,  1S35,  2  vols^  2ino; 
Lon.,  1835,  2  vols.  p.  8vo.  Revised  ed.,  unilorm  with  the 
collective  ed.  of  Washington  Irvings  Works  Nlork, 
l°mo  Also  pub.  in  vol.  x.  of  H.  G.  Bohn's  collective  ed. 
of  Washintrton  Irving's  Works,  Lon.,  1851,  10  vols.  8vo. 
°"?he  boo?  before  usfs  .a  delightful  one.  ...  In  /heir  .tyle  too 
thi.=e  Tolnme?  .ire  rdatid  to  the  pure  and  grace  ulwriliDB  of  the 
tnese  ""'"""^ViS,  nf Vf.Uimliu'i     .  .  The  history  before  us  is  hardly 

we  be  tempted  to  try  the  indiscretion  of  a  rhynie."-i«..  Athen., 

"f  ■  The  Fountain  of  Living  Waters  ;  illustrated  by  Facts, 
N  York,  1854,  18mo;  4th  ed.,  1855,  18mo. 

^^-Livire  Waters  is  a  sweet   and   tender  appeal   '"..bAf'/  °f 
spirHuar«U6ion7  addressed   especially  to  the  young.' -iTcrtcHJ. 

*lrvin=,  Thomas.     Con.  to  Med.  Com.,  ITSO.     . 

Irving    «  ashiiigton,  one  of  the  most  distinguished 
of  m"  e™  authors,  was  born  April  3,  1783,  in  the  city  of 
New  Y.  rk,  'n  a  house  in  William  Street,  b»'"f  ™.  J''^  ".^i^ 
FuUon  Str'eets.and  not  far  from  •'■at  venerable  pile  he  md 
TJutch  Church.     This  mansion— so  long  an  object  ot  in- 
fer st  to  cti.en  and  soJourner-h.ad  until  -i'l"^  ,  1"  l^^' 
few  years  resisted  the  progress  of  "improvement,    which 
was  gradually  changing  the  face  of  the  neighbourhood 
but  iftoo  at  last  yielded  to  its  fate  and  >°Jf«  >'^  ^  'S 
was  occupied  by  one  of  the  stately  ■•Washington  Stores. 
The  father  of  Washington  Irving  was  a  ■>»'"■«=  °ff°'- 
land,  his  mother  an  Englishwoman,  and  perhaps  it   s  not 
entirely  a  matter  of  imagination  to  fancy  that  the  national 
afpieces  in  The  Home  Journal     characteristics  of  both   parents  are  to  be  d,scov„e^^^ 

£:re^brSa  --s;p^^rc-|st^^:c?S'H^>r-^^ 


niv 

eraphy,  (by  Washington  Wilks,)  1855,  12mo  ;  Chatabers 
fu?TboLs^,n's  Biog.  Diet   of  Eminent  Scotsnaen    1855 
vol    v.;  Jamieson's  Cyc.  of  Religious  Biog.,  lf-*../°^ 
Tral  of  the  Rev.  Edward   Irving,  with   o  Portraits   by 
C  uikshank,  (a  jeu-d-esprit  ■\^'''^\-^^J'%r,\f'^i 
Galleries   of   Literary  Portraits;   ."''=^'iK' ^''P'"' PWles 
Ace ;    Do    Quincey's   Lit.    Reminis. ;    Works   of  Char  es 
Lamb;  Lockharfs  Life  of  Scott;    IVIetropolitan   Pulpi   , 
Deatb'of  the  Rev.  Edward  Irving   (b^  Thos.  Carlyle  )  in 
Eraser's  Mag.,  .xi.  99  ;  Lowndes's  Brit.  Lib.,  294,  Jbt,  vn, 
I"w.  Lester's    Criticisms ;    Maginn's  O'Doherty  Papers; 
Lon.   Gent.   Mag.,   1832,   Pt.  2    lo4;    PS^'J\\'   fl'. 
Westm.  Rev.,  i.  27;   Blackw.  M.ig.,  _:«v    145    192    346^, 
XV   191,  2:10,  601;  xxiv.  897;  Erasers  Mag.,  in.  42u,  JN. 
York  Method.  Quar.  Rev.,  ix.  1U9  ;  N.  Y-,_,rk  Eclec   Ma| 
xiv  503;  N.York  Democratic  Rev.,  XIV.  490;  Bost.  Chri^. 
Exam.,  ii.  468,  (by  A.  Lamson  ;)  Bost  Liy  Age,  xxix.  211, 
(by  F.  Saunders;)  N.  Haven  Chris.  Month.  Spec,  vi-  160, 
199;  X.  318;  Niles's  Reg.,  xliv.  228;  Phila.  Mus.  of  For. 

^"  He  waf  unquestionably,  by  many  degrees,  the  E";!^'"'  7*°^ 
of  our  times  Of  him  indeed,  more  than  of  any  man  whom  lh.ive 
seen  hrv:^hout  my  whole  experience,  it  -ii=>;"'VJji;^<;  ^!L"DE 
and  emphJsis,  that  he  -n  as  a  lioanerges,  a  son  of  thunder. 

'^'il'lJ-hatte'Suish  uncelebrated  Irving  -=- t^ey  that  have 
only  seen  the  London  celebrated  (and  distorted)  one  can  neve, 
know  Bodily  and  spiritually,  perhaps  there  was  "ft  '°  »»»' 
Novlmber,  lg22)  a  man  more  full  of  genial  energetic  lile  in  all 

fliptjp  Islands." — Carlyle;  itin  supra.  .    , 

"  Mr'  rving  has  shrunk  from  no  opinion,  however  parodoxicab 
He  has  scrupled  to  avow  no  sentiment,  however  obnoxious.  1  e 
has  revived  exploded  prejudices;  he  has  scouted  prevailing  tiis^.- 
lons  He  has  opposed  the  spirit  of  the  age,  and  not  consulted  the 
i™^-(  Si  corps.  .  .  He  has  held  a  play-book  in  one  hand  and  a 
Bible  in  the^ther.  and  quoted  Shakspeare  and  Melancthon  in  the 
same  breath."— IIazutt:  !iW  supra.  f  ..1,1 

"^"  I  could  hardly  keep  my  eyes  off  him  while  we  ""«  »  *f' "„ 
He  put  me  in  mind  of  the  devil  disguised  as  an  angel  of  bgbt  so 
ill  did  that  horrible  obliquity  of  vision  harmonize  with  the  dark 
tranquil  features  of  his  tice.  resembling  that  of  our  Sa"Our  in 
Itahan  pictures,  with  the  hair  carefully  arranged  m  the  same 

"T^n^^rS^  t  Z™Inhabited-House  Tax 
Act   Lon.,  1852,  Svo. 

Irvine,  Helen  W.,  is  the  nnm  de  phone  of  a  very 
voung  ladv,  a  resident  of  Lynn,  Massachusetts,  who  has 
^ub  I  numler  of  poetical  pieces  in  The  Home  Journal 

r*  .  -      T  _  _i  _         m,™     ^tnnino     nndHpfl      Love     QllU 


mendation.     See  T.  B.  Read's  Female  Poets  of  America; 
Caroline  May's  American  Female  Poets. 

Irving,  John  Treat,  1778-1838,  Presiding  Judge  of 
the  Court  of  Common  Pleas  for  the  City  and  County  0 
New  York  from  1817  until  his  death,  and  a  brother  of 


lok  and  Jiraceuriuge  rraii.  -. 

The  earliest  of  Mr.  Irving's  contributions  to  the  Re- 
public of  Letters-a  number  of  letters  on  the  drama,  he 
Social  customs  of  New  York,  Ac-were  pub.,  m  1802 
under  the  „o.„  de  pl,n„e  of  Jonathan  0  dsty  c  in  The 
Morning  Chronicle,  a  Democratic  journal,  edited  by  the 
author's'brother,  Dr.  Peter  Irving    These  epistcs  appeared 


jNew   lorK  iiuui  i^'."    "'•>-"  •'*" '  t  y.  t^  tlif.     niitlinr's  brother,  JJr.i'eter  irvn3g.   xuut^c  ^^^.-.^-^--o  ^rr 

Washington  and  Peter  Irving,  was  a  contrjbutor  to  the     »"'\";,^^  "'^^^^^^  ^U^out  the  author's  consent  in  the  year 
Morning  Chronicle,  (started  in  New  ^ork    Oct  1    10.        >"  Pamr Mc^^  ^^^^   ^^^^^^,^^^  ^^   ^^^  ^^^         ^ 


f  Democratic  journal,  conducted  by  the  last-named  of  his 
two  brothers.  He  acquired  some  distinction  by  his  poeti- 
cal attacks  upon  the  tenets  of  his  political  opponents,  and 
Lore  by  the 'exemplary  discharge  of  the  f ''/^  connec  ed 
with  his  judicial  station.     See  Daly's  Hist,  of  Judic.  Trib. 

"'l^-vilg''j^'h»  Treat,  a  member  of  the  New  York 
Bar  son  of  the  preceding,  and  a  nephew  of  \A  ashmgton 
Irv  ng  is  best  known  as  an  author  by  his  Sketches  m  an 
ExTed  t  on  to  the  Pawnee  Tribes.  Phila.,  1833,  2  vols. 
S  Lon..  1835,  2  vols.  p.  8vo  ;  The  Attorney,  a  Novel; 
and  Harry  Harson,  or  The  Benevolent  Bachelor;  a  Novel 
The  last  two  works  were  originally  pub.  in  the  New  York 
Knickerbocker  Magazine,  under  the  signature  ot  John  Quod. 
Irving,  L.  H.      Sketches  of  Gibraltar,  Edin.,  1853, 

°\rvins,  Peter,  1771-1838,  a  brother  of  Washington 
Irving  pub,  at  New  York,  in  1820,  a  novel  entitled  Gio- 
vanni Sbogarro  ;  a  Venetian  Tale,  (from  the  French  )  with 

Ilteratrons  by  Percival  G .     Mr.  Irving  was  editor  and 

proprietor  oi'  The  Morning  Chronicle,  a  Democratic  pape. 
Started  in  New  York,  Oct.  1,  1802,  and  co-projector  with 
his  brother  W.ashington  of  the  humorous  sketches  which 

niS    uroiuei    M.io         ?,.,,     ,,,_    .„i„i,,„,„,l    111. I, .rv  of   New 


18''"4     'AfieV^soliSe"  aUention  to   the  study  of  Coke  and 
Blackstone,  the  state  of  Mr.  Irving's  hf'l'l'/'aa^ed  him 
in  1804  to  ^eck  for  that  physical  benefit  which  a  change 
of  scene    and   climate   might   naturally  be   expected   to 
aftbrd.     After  an  absence  of  two  years  in  Italy,  S"'*'^"- 
land    France,  and   England,  ic,  he   returned   home  m 
S;  resumed  his  legal  studies,  and  was  admitted  to  the  ba^- 
In  Jannarv.  1807,  appeared,  to  the  great  delight  of  the  w^t»  of 
the  good  city  of  Gotham,— always  willing  to  enjoy  a  la  igh,- 
Nol  of  a  semi-monthly  magazine,  the  joint  pr.:,ductionrf 
WashinUon  Irving,  James  K.Paulding.  andWiliam  Irving ; 
the  alter  cc?ntribuSng  thepoetry,  and  hints  and  sketches  for 
somcM  1  the  essays.  This  was  the  since-famous  Salmagundi,  or 
ThTwhm  Whams  and  Opinions  of  Launcelot  LangstaC^  and 
mhcrs  ^he  amusing  character  of  this  periodica   rendered 
it  exceedinWy  agreeable  to  the  town,  and  its  popularity  pro- 
mtfed  alon/afd  profitable  life;  but  for  some  reason  or 
Xr  it  w    "discontinued  after  the  issue  of  the  twentieth 
i»r      Tn  TiOg  was  pub.  the  famous  History  ot  INew 
yZ   bv  Kedr  ch  Knick'irbocker.     The  first  part  of  this 
3^'w/s  sttched  in  company  with  Dr  Peter  I".ng.  wbo, 
on  hi"  departure  for  Europe,  confided  the  whole    0  \\  asl^- 
■:,'u,lM  whose^humorous  genius  it  was^panded  to  its 


^brother  W  shVngt'on  of  iie' humorous  sket-ches  which  ;  in^t-'    L^r'Trough  th  s -s  o^;  ;rthe  fir.t-fruits  of 

t'e  latter  expanded  into  the  celebrated  History  of  New  ,  ^^^X.^^ttZJXi^ls  risking  but  little  to  affirm  that  m 

York,  by  Diedrich  Knickerbocker.     Dr  Irving-so  called  h.^ 'n^^m  j^.^^  ^^^  j,^^„  surpassed  by  any.lat" 

fr^m  some  attention  paid  to  the  study  of  medicine  in  early  "^  ^^'^'^/^^"j.f,.,  ^^  ,hey  have  been-of  its  accomplished 

l^e-resided  in  Europe  from  1809  to -36,  and  died  in  about  efforts     ^ne^e  |1^      Washington    Irving-who  had  neve, 

two  years  after  his  return  to  New  York.  Cnd  sufficient  attraction  in  his  legal  studies  to  induce 

Irving,  or  Irvine,  Ralph.     1.  Peruvian  Baik,  Edin.,  I  fonna  sum  ,fession-was  admitted  as  a  partner 

S?^;7r.='.,^t.S;^3j££:^^".ii='.^^^^^^ 


IRV 


IRV 


of  peace  between  England  and  the  United  States,  occurred 
when  Washington  was  in  Europe,  and  this  reverse  of  for- 
tune induced  the  already  popular  author  to  determine  to 
follow  literature  as  a  profession.  He  had  of  late  employed 
his  pen  but  seldom :  a  series  of  naval  biographies  contri- 
buted to  Moses  Thomas's  (of  Philadelphia)  Analcctic 
Magazine,  (of  which  Irving  was  in  1813-14  the  editor.) 
and  a  biographical  sketch  of  Thomas  Campbell,  prefixed 
to  a  Philadelphia  edit,  of  the  works  of  the  latter,  are  all 
of  Irving's  productions  with  which  the  world  seems  to 
have  been  favoured,  from  the  date  of  the  publication  of  The 
Knickerbocker,  in  1809  to  the  time  of  the  appearance  of 
The  Sketch-Uook,  in  1819.  The  numbers  of  the  lai^t-named 
work  (cumpnsed  in  London)  were  transmitted  to  New  York 
for  publication,  were  read  with  avidity  on  both  sides  of  the 
water,  and  several  of  the  series  were  soon  copied  by  Jer- 
dan  in  the  London  Literary  Gazette,  and  by  the  editors 
of  other  periodicals. 

*"  We  aiv  greiitly  at  a  loss  [remarks  the  formidable  Blackwood 
in  the  number  for  ii'ebruary,  1^20 1  in  romju-eheud  for  what  reason 
Mr.  Irvinf:  has  thought  fit  to  put.lish  hi'^  Sketch- Book  in  America 
earlier  than  in  IJritain;  but  at  all  rvf  rit.s  ht  is  doiug  himself  great 
injustice  by  not  haviufj;  an  edition  printed  here  of  every  number, 
after  it  has  appeared  in  New  York.  Nothing  has  been  written  tor 
a  long  time,  fur  which  it  would  be  more  safe  to  promise  great  and 
eager  acLvptance." — Vol.  vi.  557,  (by  J.  G.  Lockhart.) 

This  is  the  article  referred  to  by  Sir  Walter  Scott  in  the 
letter  quoted  by  Irving  in  the  Preface  to  his  revised  edit, 
of  The  Sketch-Book. 

This  was  encouragement  indeed, — encouragement  such 
as  many  a  British  aspirant  for  literary  fame  would  have 
given  the  copy-right  of  his  best  work  to  have  secured.  In 
the  same  mouth  in  which  the  above  eulogy  appeared, 
Irving  pub.  in  London,  under  the  nom  de p'nme  of  (jeoft'rey 
Crayon,  GentQ,  the  first  vol,  of  The  Sketch-Book.  It  was 
printed  by  John  Miller,  but  at  the  author's  expense  ;  Mur- 
ray, the  Great  Mogul  of  the  book-trade,  having  declined 
the  enterprise.  The  failure  of  Miller  within  a  few  weeks 
after  the  publication  threw  Irving  again  on  the  town  fur 
a  jiublisher.  and.  through  the  friendly  offices  of  Sir  AV alter 
Scott,  Murray  was  induced  to  act  in  the  premises.  lie 
gave  the  author  £200,  which  he  soon  felt  justified  by  the 
gale  of  the  work  in  increasing  to  £400.  The  Sketch-Bouk 
was  originally  pub.  in  Februar}',  LS20,  in  1  vol.,  but  in 
July  of  the  same  year  it  appeared  in  2  vols., — a  2d  edit, 
of  the  Isl,  together  with  a  new  vol.  The  author  had  now 
attained  an  extended  literary  reputation,  both  at  home 
and  abroad ;  and  so  far  was  be  from  having  any  difficulty 
in  procuring  a  publisher,  that  when  Brjicebridge  Hall,  or 
the  Humourists,  was  ready  for  the  press  in  1822,  Mr.  Mur- 
ray was  ready  to  ofler  1000  guineas  for  the  copy-right 
without  having  seen  the  MS.  He  obtained  the  coveted 
prize  at  his  offer,  and  subsequently  gave  the  same 
author  nearly  twice  as  much  (£2000)  for  the  Ciironicle  of 
the  Conquest  of  Granadn,  and  quite  three  times  as  much 
(.3000  guineas)  for  the  History  of  the  Life  and  Voyages  of 
Christopher  Columbus.  But  we  anticipate.  The  dates  of 
the  publications  of  Irving's  succeeding  works,  given  to  the 
world  between  the  appearance  of  The  Sketch-Book  in 
London,  in  1820.  and  his  return  to  the  United  States  in 
Way,  18;>2,  were  as  follows: 

Bracebridge  Hall,  or  the  Humourists;  a  Medley,  by 
GeottVey  Crayon,  Gent",  Lon.,  1822,  2  vols.  8vo;  N.  York, 
1822,  2  vols.  Svo, 

Tales  of  a  Traveller,  by  Geoffrey  Crayon,  Gent",  Lon., 
1S2J,  2  vols.  Svo;  N.  York,  1824,  4  Pts.  Sold  to  Murray 
(without  his  having  seen  the  MS.)  for  1500  guineas. 

The  Life  and  Voyages  of  Christopher  Columbus,  1828, 
4  vols.  8vo ;  N.  York,  1828,  3  vols.  8vo. 

Chronicle  of  the  Conquest  of  Granada,  Lon.,  1829,  2 
vols.  p.  Svo;  Phila.,  1829,  2  vols.  12nio. 

Voyages  of  the  Companions  of  Columbus,  1  vol.,  Lon., 
Paris,  and  Phila.,  1831. 

The  Alhambra,  Lon.,  1832,  2  vols.  Svo;  Phila.,  1832, 
2  vols.  12mo. 

In  May,  1832,  as  above  stated,  Mr.  Irving  returned 
home,  after  an  absence  of  seventeen  years.  During  this 
long  period  he  had  been  an  extensive  traveller.  AVe  left 
him  at  Loudon,  superintending  the  publication  of  The 
Sketch-Bouk,  in  1820.  A  portion  of  this  year  and  of  the 
following  was  spent  in  the  city  of  Paris;  the  winter  of 
1822  was  passed  at  Dresden,  and  that  of  182j  in  the  South 
of  France.  In  the  winter  of  1825-26,  at  the  earnest 
request  of  Mr.  Alexander  H.  Everett,  American  minister 
to  Spain, — to  whom  the  idea  was  first  suggested  by  0. 
Rich,  Esq.,  American  Consul  at  Madrid,— Mr.  Irving 
visited  Madrid  fur  the  purpose  of  translating  into  English 
the  valuable  compilation  of  Navarette,  Colecciou  do  los 
930 


Viagcsy  Descubrimientos,  Ac.  pub.  at  Madrid  in  1825,  (after 
Mr.  Irving's  arrival,)  in  2  vols.  4to.  Mr.  Rich,  indeed, 
had  from  the  first  set  his  heart — not  upon  a  mere  transla- 
tinu  of  this  collection,  but — upon  a  Lile  of  Columbus  from 
the  pen  of  AVashington  Irving.  This  darling  desire  he 
was  so  happy  as  to  see  realized,  and  to  him,  therefore,  ia 
the  world  indebted  for  the  publication  of  this  work.  Mr, 
Irving  was  the  guest  of  this  eminent  bibliographer, 
whose  name  has  long  been  honoured  by  students  in  both 
hemispheres;  and,  says  he, 

"In  his  extensive  and  curious  library  I  found  one  of  the  best 
collections  extant  of  Spanish  colonial  history,  containing  many 
documents  for  which  I  might  elsewhere  search  in  vain.  This  he 
put  at  my  ah.solute  command,  with  a  frankness  and  unreserve 
Seldom  to  be  met  with  among  the  possessors  of  such  rare  and 
valuable  works;  and  his  library  has  been  my  main  resource 
throughout  the  whole  of  my  labours." 

We  shall  have  more  to  quote  to  Mr.  Rich's  credit  when 
we  reach  his  patronymic  in  the  future  pages  of  our  Dic- 
tionary. In  this  year  (1826)  and  the  following,  as  also 
in  the  spring  of  1829.  Mr.  Irving  made  profitable  journeya 
in  the  South  of  Spain,  the  results  of  which  were  given  to 
the  world  in  1829,  in  The  Chronicle  of  the  Conquest  of 
Granada ;  in  1832,  in  the  picturesque  pages  of  The  Alham- 
bra; in  1835,  in  The  Legends  of  the  Conquest  of  Spain  j 
and  in  1849-50,  in  Mahomet  and  his  Successors. 

Mr.  Irving  left  Spain  in  July,  1829,  and  returned  to 
London  to  discharge  the  duties  connected  with  the  Secre- 
taryship of  Legation  to  the  American  Embassy,  which 
had  been  conferred  upon  him  during  his  absence.  In  1830 
Mr.  Henry  Hallam  and  himself  were  honoured  by  the  gift 
of  the  two  fifty-guinea  gold  medals  ordered  by  George  IV. 
to  be  presented  to  the  two  autliors  who  should  be  adjudged 
to  have  attained  the  greatest  excellence  in  historical  com- 
position. This  high  compliment  to  Mr.  Irving  was  a  well- 
deserved  tribute  to  the  merits  of  his  History  of  the  Life 
and  Voyages  of  Christopher  Columbus.  In  the  next  year 
the  degree  of  LL.D.  was  conferred  upon  Mr.  Irving  by  tho 
University  of  Oxford. — a  testimonial  which  that  august 
body  is  not  in  the  habit  of  bestowing  upon  slight  founda- 
tions. After  an  absence  protracted  through  seventeen 
ye-nrs,  Mr.  Irving  at  length  sailed  for  home,  and  arrived 
in  New  York  on  the  2Ist  day  of  May,  1832.  To  one  who 
had  conferred  such  imperishable  renown  upon  the  Ame- 
rican name — even  had  there  been  nothing  in  tlie  man  to 
elicit  that  enthusiastic  affection  with  which  Washington 
Irving  is  regarded  by  his  countrymen — no  common  honours 
were  accorded.  A  public  dinner  was  immediately  tendered 
to  him  in  New  York,  and  the  friends  of  early  days,  to- 
gether with  those  who  had  grown  into  civic  eminence  and 
social  consideration  during  his  absence,  united  in  paying 
homage  to  him  who  had  conferred  honour  upon  all.  The 
citizens  of  other  States  also  claimed  their  right  to  enter- 
tain their  illustrious  countryman,  and  nothing  but  that 
modesty  which  has  always  been  a  distinguishing  trait  of 
his  characrer  prevented  a  scries  of  ovations  and  a  tri- 
umphal march  through  the  American  Republic  from  Bos- 
ton to  St.  Louis  and  Pliiladeli)hia  to  New  Orleans. 

"We  cannot  refuse  ourselves  the  pleasure,''  remarks  one  of  the 
most  eniineut  of  his  countrymen,  "of  bearing  our  humble  part 
in  the  cordial  welcome  with  which  the  unanimous  voice  of  the 
country  is  now  greetinj;  the  distinguished  pilgrim  on  his  return 
from  abroad.  .  .  .  The  open  and  beaity  welcome  which  his  fellow- 
citizens  have  given  him  shows  that  he  is  best  appreciated  where 
he  is  best  known.  Ili.s  reception  at  New  York  was  the  fairest 
triumph  that  has  yet  been  accorded  to  literary  desert  in  the  New 
World."— Edward  Everett  :  Kevuw  of  The  Alhambra,  in  JV.  Ainer. 
Jiev.,  XXXV.  265-282. 

Shortly  after  his  return  to  the  United  States.  Mr.  Irving 
visited  some  of  the  most  interesting  portions  of  the  Great 
West,  and  gratified  the  world  with  the  fruits  of  his  re- 
searches among  the  Indians,  in  the  Tour  on  the  Prairies, 
pub.  in  the  Crayon  Miscellany  in  1835.  Those  more  fond 
of  studying  the  phenomena  of  life  under  another  phase, 
found  in  the  Recollections  of  Abbotsford  and  Newstead 
Abbey,  and  The  Legends  of  the  Conquest  of  Spain. — com- 
prising the  second  and  third  vols,  of  the  Crayon  Miscel- 
lany,— sufficient  to  charm  the  imngination  and  delight  tho 
taste.  To  this  collection  succeeded  Astoria  ;  or,  Anecdotes 
of  an  Enterprise  beyond  the  Rocky  Mountains,  pub.  in 
183(1,  (in  which  the  author  was  assisted  by  his  nephew, 
Pierre  M.  Irving;)  and  the  Adventures  of  Captain  Bonne- 
ville, U.S.A.,  in  the  Rocky  Mountains  and  the  Far  West, 
(linsed  upon  the  MSS.  of  Ciipt.  B.  and  other  materials,) 
which  was  given  to  the  world  in  1837.  In  the  years  1839 
and  '40,  Mr.  Irving  contributed  a  number  of  papers  to  The 
Knickerbocker  Magazine,  a  portion  of  which,  with  other 
fugitive  articles,  were  collected  in  1855,  and  pub.  in  a  vol. 
under  the  title  of  WoIfert*s  Roost.  From  1842  to  '46  Mr. 
Irving   resided  at  Madrid  as  United  States  Minister  to 


IRV 


mr 


Spain,  and,  returning  home  in  tlio  latter  year,  sought  a 
quiet  retreat  for  liis  remaining  years  in  Wolfert's  Roost, — 
an  earthly  paradise  which  we  shall  not  attempt  to  describe 
after  the  portraiture  which  the  owner  himself  has  given 
to  the  world.  The  "  Stronghold  of  old  Baltus  Van  Tassel 
on  the  Banks  of  the  Hudson,"  so  graphically  sketched  in 
the  Legend  of  Sleepy  Hollow,  has  now  acquired  a  double 
ehare  of  renown  and  undying  honours  by  the  occupancy 
of  its  eloquent  topographer.  A  well-drawn  picture  of 
Wolfert's  Roost  and  its  present  lord  (by  Henry  T.  Tucker- 
man)  will  be  found  in  The  Homes  of  American  Authors,  N. 
Yoi-k,  1S53.  Here,  in  his  bachelor-home, — for  Geoffrey 
Crayon  has  been  content  to  eulogize  the  blessings  of  matri- 
mony whilst  denying  himself  their  indulgence, — in  the 
company  of  his  surviving  brother  and  atfeetionate  nieces, 
who  are  to  him  as  daughters,  the  author  of  the  Sketch- 
Book  passes  his  tranquil  days  in  calm  .anticipation  of  that 
change  wliich,  we  trust,  for  the  sake  of  his  many  friends,  is 
yet  at  a  long  dist.ance. 

His  publications  since  his  retirement  have  been  the 
Biography  and  Poetical  Remains  of  the  late  Margaret 
Miller  Davidson,  1841;  Oliver  tioldsmith,  a  Biography, 
1S49,  (enlarged  from  a  sketch  prefixed  to  the  Works  of 
the  latter  pub.  in  Paris,  Galignani,  1825,  i  vols.,  Baudry, 
1837,  4  vols.  8vo;)  Mahomet  and  his  Successors,  2  vols., 
1849-50  ;  The  Life  of  George  Washington,  vol.  i.,  1856, 
ii.  and  iii.,  1S50.  This  work  will  probably  comprise  two 
or  three  more  volumes.  Mr.  Irving  h:is  also  within  the 
last  few  years  superintended  the  publication  of  a  revised 
edit,  of  his  works, — urged  thereto  by  the  persuasions  of 
the  eminent  publisher,  Mr.  George  P.  Putnam,  of  New 
York.  The  new  edit,  was  issued  by  Mr.  Putnam  in  15 
vols.,  1848-50,  and  the  sale  so  far  {i.e.  to  Jan.  1857)  has 
been  250,1)00  vols.,  which,  added  to  aljout  as  many  disposed 
of  the  old  edits.,  gives  an  aggregate  sale  in  America  alone 
of  half  a  million  vols,  of  the  works  of  this  popular  author. 
This  enumeration  does  not  include  the  98,000  vols,  already 
printed  of  tlie  unfinished  life  of  Washington,  nor  the  num- 
ber of  copies  sold  of  Wolfert's  Roost,  which  must  be  very 
large. 

The  Works  of  Washington  Irving,  in  the  new  revised  and 
uniform  edit,  just  referred  to.  are  thus  arranged:  Vol.  I. 
Knickerbocker's  History  of  New  York.  II.  The  Sketch- 
Book.  III.,  IV..  V.  Columbus  and  his  Companions.  VI. 
Bracebridgo  Hall.  VII.  Tales  of  a  Traveller.  VIIL  As- 
toria. IX.  The  Crayon  Miscellany.  X.  Capt.  Bonneville's 
Adventures.  XI.  Oliver  Goldsmith  ;  a  Biography.  XII., 
XIII.  Mahomet  and  his  Successors.  XIV.  The  Conquest 
of  Granada.  XV.  The  Albamhra.  To  these  must  be 
added  Wolfert's  Roost  and  The  Life  of  Washington,  (also 
pub.  by  Geo.  P.  Putnam  it  Co.  of  New  York.)  which,  with 
The  Legends  of  the  Conquest  of  Spain,  will  be  included 
in  a  Second  Series  of  uniform  edits,  of  Irving's  Works.  A 
collective  London  edit,  is  pub.  by  Henry  G.  Bohn,  uniform 
with  his  Standard  Library.  It  is  comprised  in  10  thick 
8vo  vols.,  (1851.) — viz. :  Vol.  I.  Salmagundi  and  Knicker- 
bocker ;  with  Portrait  of  Irving.  II.  Sketch-Book,  and 
Life  of  Goldsmith.  III.  Bracebridge  Hall,  Abbotsford, 
and  Newstcad.  IV.  Tales  of  a  Traveller,  and  The  Alham- 
bra.  V.  Conquest  of  Granada,  and  Conquest  of  Spain. 
VI.,  VII.,  Lite  of  Columbus,  and  Companions  of  Colum- 
bus;  with  a  New  Index  and  a  fine  Portrait.  VIII.  Asto- 
ria, and  a  Tour  on  the  Prairies.  IX.  Mahomet  and  his 
Successors;  with  Portrait.  X.  Conquest  of  Florida,  (by 
Theodore  Irving,)  and  Adventures  of  Capt.  Bonneville. 
Irving's  Works  are  also  pub.  in  London,  fnun  time  to  time, 
by  Murray,  Bentley,  Routledge,  W.  Smith,  'legg,  Ac.  ^ 

Some  have  been  issued  with  illustrations,  on  both  sides 
of  the  Atlantic;  and  Messrs.  Childs  &  Peterson,  of  Phila- 
delphia, publish  Irving's  Select  Works,  illustrated  by  F. 
0.  C.  Darley  and  others,  in  6  vols.  8vo ;  viz. :  I.  The 
Sketch-Bool<.  II.  Knickerbocker's  History  of  New  York. 
III.  Tales  of  a  Traveller.  IV.  Oliver  Goldsmith  :  A  Bio- 
graphy. V.  The  Alhambra.  VI.  Bracebridge  Hall;  or. 
The  Humorists. 

This  volume  (VI.)  is  illustrated  by  fourteen  steel  plates, 
engraved  by  Greatbach  and  others,  from  original  designs 
by  Schmolze. 

What  more  acceptable  testimonial  of  regard  could  be 
presented  to  a  friend  than  this  valuable  set  of  works? 

The  same  publishers  issue  a  companion-volume  to  this 
set,  or  the  complete  works  of  Irving,  entitled  The  Illus- 
trated Beauties  of  Irving,  "containing  thirty  spirited  Illus- 
trations of  the  Works  of  Washington  Irving,  finely  engraved 
on  steel,  accompanied  by  an  elaborate  and  carefully-pre- 
pared Biographical  and  Critical  Sketch  of  Mr.  Irving,  from 
Allibone's  Dictionary  of  Authors ;  also,  a  notice  of  Sunny 


Side,  Ac,  by  H.  T.  Tnckerman,  Esq. ;  together  with  choice 
passages  selected  from  each  of  Mr.  Irving's  works." 

The  "notice"  by  Mr.  Tuckerman,  above  referred  to,  is 
an  extr.act  from  the  admirable  sketch  entitled  Sunny  Side 
and  its  Proprietor,  to  which  we  have  just  called  the  atten- 
tion of  the  reader  who  desires  to  see  a  graphic  portraiture 
of  Geoffrey  Cr.ayon  reposing  amidst  the  rural  shades  of 
Sleepy  Hollow.  We  can  bear  witness  to  the  faithfulness 
of  the  picture.  There  are  enough  points  of  resemblance 
in  literary  taste,  culture,  and  style  between  the  limner  and 
his  subject  to  make  "  Tuckerman  upon  Irving"  sound  as 
natural  and  fitting  as  "  Coke  upon  Littleton." 

Nor  must  we  omit  to  notice  the  Illustrated  Edition  of 
Irving's  Life  of  Washington,  now  (1858)  in  course  of  pub- 
lication (by  Putnam)  in  semi-monthly  Parts,  (14  to  each 
vol.,)  imp.'8vo,  100  copies  large  paper  4to. 
ILLUSTRATIONS  ON  STEEL. 
Site  of  Washington's  Birthplace;  Mount  Vernon, 
(Three  Views;)  Washington  as  a  Surveyor  ;  Washington 
at  Fort  Necessity  ;  Washington  Surveying  the  Dism.al 
Swamp;  Washington  at  Winchester;  AVashington's  Field- 
Sports;  Fortifying  Bunker's  Hill;  Fort  Ticonderoga;  Lake 
George  ;  Fortifications  at  West  Point  in  1780,  (from  a  con- 
temporary drawing  ;)  Washington  Quelling  a  Riot;  View 
of  New  i'ork,  1776  ;  Boston  from  Dorchester  Heights  in 
1776;  Announcement  of  Independence;  Battle  of  Tren- 
ton; Battle  of  (TcrmantoTCn:  Battle  of  Monmouth  ;  Brad- 
dock's  Batlle-Field;  Washington  going  to  Congress,  &c. 

And  now,  in  accordance  with  our  promise  in  the  preface 
to  this  work, — a  promise  which  the  preceding  pages  will 
prove  we  have  neither  forgotten  nor  delayed  to  fulfil, — we 
shall  proceed  to  adduce,  as  we  have  done  in  other  instances, 
the  verdicts  which  eminent  critics  have  passed  upon  the 
literary  characteristics  of  the  subject  of  our  notice.  In 
many  preceding  cases  we  have  been  obliged  to  omit  much 
more  than  we  had  space  to  quote  of  interesting  and  truly 
valuable  criticism  ;  but,  when  we  commence  the  pleasing 
task  of  citing  opinions  respecting  the  productions  of  Wash- 
ington Irving,  we  are  literally  oppressed  by  the  cmbarras 
de  viclicsfeB.  As  we  glance  around  our  library-shelves, 
and  behold  the  mass  of  materials  which  we  have  been  for 
years  collecting  on  this  theme,  (as  we  have  on  the  same 
scale,  though  not  to  the  same  extent,  collected  for  the 
illustration  of  many  thousands  of  other  writers.)  we  feel  it 
to  be  no  exaggeration  to  say  that  we  could  readily  fill  a 
goodly  octavo  volume  with  the  matter  which  our  space  will 
oblige  us  to  reject.  Be  it  our  care,  therefore,  to  make  that 
judicious  selection  from  the  materials  which  invite  our 
research,  which  shall  truly  represent  the  impression  which 
this  distinguished  writer  has  made  upon  the  present  gene- 
ration and  the  one  which  first  sat  in  judgment  on  the 
early  fruits  of  his  literary  toil. 

1.  Salmagundi;  or,  the  Whim-Whams  and  Opinions 
OF  Launcelot  Langstaff,  Esy.,  and  Others,  January, 
1807,  to  Janu.ary,  ISOS  : 

"  We  all  i-fuiember  the  success  of  Siilmagundi,  to  which  he  was 
a  lart'e  and  distiuj^uisbed  coutiilmtor;  with  what  rapidity  and  to 
what  extent  it  circulated  through  America  ;  how  lauiiliar  it  made 
us  with  the  local  pleasantry  and  the  personal  bumoui-s  of  New 
York,  and  what  an  abidius^  influence  it  has  had  in  that  city,  by 
forming  a  sort  of  school  of  wit  of  a  character  somewhat  marked 
aud  peculiar,  and  superior  to  every  thing  our  country  has  wit- 
nessed, except,  perhaps,  that  of  the  wits  of  The  Anarchiad  in  Con- 
necticut."— Edward  Everett:  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  xv.  200.  July,  1822. 
"  We  have  no  hesitation  iu  saying  at  the  outset,  that  we  consi- 
der the  good  papers  of  Salmagundi,  and  the  greater  part  of  Knick- 
erbocker, supeiior  to  the  Sketch-Book.  ...  It  [SalmagundiJ  was 
exceedingly  pleasant  morning  or  after-dinner  reading,  never 
leaking  up  too  much  of  a  gentleman's  time  from  his  business  and 
pleasures,  nor  so  exalted  aud  spiritualized  as  to  seem  mystical  to 
bis  far-reaching  vision.  .  .  .  Though  its  wit  is  sometimes  lorced, 
and  its  serious  style  sometimes  fal.se,  upon  looking  it  over  we 
have  found  it  full  of  entertainuieot.  witli  an  infinite  variety  of 
characters  and  circumstances,  and  nitii  tliat  amiable,  good-natured 
wit  and  pathos  which  shows  that  tlie  licart  lias  not  grov/u  hard 
while  making  merry  of  the  world." — l;Kn.\RD  M.  Dana,  Sr. :  N. 
Amfr.  llei:.  ix.  323, '334,  344-345,  Sept.  IS19. 

"The  better  pieces  are  written  in  Mr.  Irving's  best  manner. 
Take  it  altogether,  it  was  certainly  a  production  of  extraordiuaiy 
merit,  and  was  instantaneously  and  universally  I'ecognised  as 
such  l>y  the  public.  It  wants  of  course  the  graver  merits  of  the 
modern  British  Collections  of  Essays;  but  for  spiiit,  effect,  aud 
actual  literary  value,  we  doubt  whether  any  pulilication  of  the 
class  since  The  Spectator,  upon  which  it  is  directly  modelled,  can 
fairly  be  put  in  competition  with  it." — Alexander  II.  Everett: 
N.  Amcr.  Jfev.,  xxviii.  110,  Jan.  1.S29. 

"It  was  in  form  and  method  of  publication  imitated  from  The 
Spectator,  but,  in  details,  spirit,  and  aim.  so  exquisitely  adapted  to 
tlje  latitude  of  New  Yoi-k,  that  its  appearance  was  hailed  with  a 
delight  hitherto  unknown  :  it  was,  in  fact,  a  complete  triumph  of 
local  genius."— IlENRT  T.  Tdckerman  :  ,S7.f/c/(  nf  Amer.  Lit. 

"In  this  work  we  are  introduced  to  the  watering-places,  balls, 
elections,  reviews,  and  coteries  of  the  daughter-country,  aud  par- 
ticularly of  ^ew  York,  the  centre  of  its  fashion,  iu  a  style  of  un« 

987 


IRV 


IRV 


BparinG;  and  bioad  humour,  infinitely  outdoing  any  liberties  wbich 
Mathews  tbouj^ht  lit  to  take  with  his  hospitable  entertainers,  aiiil 
rellecting  some  credit  on  the  good-temper  which  was  .shown  by  its 
reception.  .  .  .  That  Salmagundi  owes  its  principal  pretensions  to 
Mr.  Irviug's  exertions  we  are  the  more  inclined  to  conclude  from 
the  evideuce  of  a  work  in  which,  not  very  long  afterwards,  he  tried 
his  strength  single-handed,  under  the  title  of  Knickerbocker's 
Humorous  History  of  New  York." — Lon.  Quar.  Rev.,  xxxi.  474, 
470,  March,  1825. 

"The  production  of  Paulding,  Irving,  Verplanck,  and  perhaps 
of  others,  in  partnership  [an  error,  see  p'.  935] :  the  papers  of  Pauld- 
ing are  more  sarcastic,  ill  natured,  acrinionioiis. — bitter, — than 
those  of  Irving;  but  quite  as  able  :  those  by  Verplanck  wo  do  not 
know:  we  have  only  heard  of  him  as  one  of  the  writer:^:  it  is  a 
work  in  two  volumes  duodecimo ;  essays,  after  the  manner  of  Gold- 
smith,—a  downright,  secret,  laboured,  continual  imitation  of  him, 
—  abounding,  too.  in  plagiarisms :  the  title  is  frum  our  English 
Fmm-Klams:  oriental  papers,  the  littlo  man  iu  black,  &c.  Ac.  from 
the  Citizen  of  the  World  :  parts  are  capital :  as  a  wliole,  the  work 
is  quite  superior  to  any  thing  of  the  kind  which  this  age  has  pro- 
duced.''— John  Neal  :  Blaclw.  Mag.,  xvU.  Gl,  Jan.  1S25. 
2.  Knickerbocker's  History  of  New  York,  1809.  _ 
It  was  to  this  work  that  Irving  owed  bis  fortunate  in- 
troduction to  Sir  Walter  Scott.  Cainitbell  was  aware  of 
the  delight  with  whioh  it  was  read  by  the  Great  Unkuown, 
and  theretVire  gave  the  author  a  letter  to  Abbotsford.  The 
;  American  arrived  at  Selkirk  on  the  2'Jth  of  August, 


own  grounds.  I  have  no  idea  of  praising  a  thing  whether  T  like 
it.or  not.  You  and  I  will  do  them  to-morrow  morning  by  our- 
selves."' '  The  rest  of  the  company  had  turned  their  attention  to 
Smith  as  he  began  his  story,  and  there  was  a  universal  inquiry 
after  Mr.  Irving.  Indeed,  the  first  questions  on  the  lips  of  every 
one  to  whom  I  am  introduced  as  an  American  are  of  him  and 
Cooper." 

Tom  Moore*s  warm  affection  for  the  author  of  The 
Sketch-Book  is  no  secret  to  those  who  have  read  the 
entertaining  Diary  of  the  former,  recently  published  by 
Lord  John  Rust^ell.  We  quote  from  one  of  the  poet'a 
entries  a  hoii  mot  of  Irving'sj  which  has  amused  us  not  a 
little : 

"  April  10, 1S30. — Forgot  to  mention  in  its  place  Irving's  descrip- 
tion of  the  evening  at  Horace  Twiss's,  (the  evening  of  the  day  he 
wanted  me  to  meet  the  Duke  of  Wellington.)  But  few  pu-ople  had 
cooie ;  and  'there  was  Twiss,'  said  Irving,  'with  his  two  great 
men,  the  Duke  and  the  Chancellor,  just  like  a  spider  that  has  got 
two  big  flies  and  does  not  know  what  to  do  with  them.'  " 

But,  tho  reader  will  query,  how  had  Scott  become 
acquainted  with  the  literary  merits  of  the  young  Ameri- 
can ? — for  such  acquaintance  he  seems  to  have  had.  Lock- 
hart  shall  again  be  our  spokesman  : 

'■  Scott  had  received  The  History  of  New  York  by  Knicker- 
bocker, shortly  after  its  appearance  in  1812.  frum  an  accomplished 

young  Auaencaa  arnveu  at  .e.K.r.  on  .ae  .u.n  o.  .ugu^.,  A^H-  ^1^  td 'ie<f '2^',^  ^n^cl^r^Zt?.^"^^^ 
1S17.  which  its  author  h:is  since  run.     Mr.  Thomas  Campbell,  beinj;  no 

I  had  come  down  fiom  Edinburgh,"  he  tells  us,  "partly  to     st|._,,u„pr  to  Scott's  hiiih  estimate  of  Irvings  genius,  gave  him  a 
Tisit  Mchose  Abbey  and  its  vicinity,  but  chiefly  to  get  a  sight  of     |gjtg,.  „f  introduction  '"  &c 

the  'mighty  minstrel  of  the  North.'     I  had  a  letter  of  introduc-  j  happens— though  it  is  hardly  an  accident,  either— 

tion  to  him  Irom  Thomas  Campbell,  the  pi>et,  and  had  reason  to  l  ,    />  t-        •     -i       rt^      **•    i   .»   .  +     tvt- 

think,  from  the  interest  he  had  taken  in  some  of  my  earlier  scrib-  that  wo  have  before  us  a  fac-simile  of  bcott  s  lettel  to  Mr. 
bliugs,  that  a  visit  from  me  would  not  be  deemed  an  intrusion.  Henry  Brcvoort,  acknowledging  tho  receipt  ot  Knicker- 
On  tile  lijlli'Wing  morning,  after  an  early  breakfast.  I  set  off  in  a  bocker's  History  of  New  York ;  and  it  is  strictly  to  our 
postchaise  Inr  the  Abbey.  On  tlie  way  thither  I  stopped  at  the  pvegont  purpose— the  citation  of  opinions  upon  Irviug'3 
pt^eof  Abbotsford  and  sent  the  postillion  to  the  house  with  the  „o,.|,g_t„  te  this  epistlo  for  the  gratification  of  the 
letter  of  introduction  aud  my  card,  on  which  I  bad  written  that      "^^^^      t-^   ^uvL^i   ^     ^     ^  t, 

I  was  on  my  way  to  the  ruins  of  Melrose  Abbey,  and  wished  to     reader: 

know  whether  it  would  be  agreeable  to  Mr.  Scott  (he  had  not  yet  '•  Mi/  Dear  Sir:—1  beg  you  to  accept  my  best  thanks  for  the  un- 
been  made  a  baronet)  to  receive  a  visit  from  me  in  the  course  of  common  degree  of  entertainment  which  I  have  received  from  the 
the  moriiin"."— /ri'17117's  Alihats/urd.  most  excellently-jocose  history  of  New  York.    I  am  sensible  that 

Mr.  Lockhart  shall  tell  us  in  what  spirit  this  "modest     as  a  stranger  to  American  parties  and  politics  1  must  lose  much 
.„  .       ,  ^  of  the  concealed  satire  ot  the  piece;  but  I  must  own  that,  looking 

approach     was  receiveu :  ..,,..,  .     .,     at  the  simple  and  obvious  meaning  only,  I  have  never  read  any 

"  Scott's  family  well  remember  the  delight  with  which  he  received  ^^-^^^  ^^  closely  resembling  the  style  of  Dean  Swift  as  the  annals 
thisannouncement:hewas.atbie«kfast,.andsalliedforthinstantly,  of  Di„j,.ich  Knickerbocker.  I  have  been  employed  the.se  few 
dogs  and  children  alter  him  as  usual,  to  greet  the  guest  and  con-  ^^j^in^g  )„  wading  them  aloud  to  Mrs.  S.  and  two'ladies  who  are 
duct  him  in  person  from  the  highway  to  the  door.  —LiickliaH  s  ^ur  guests,  and  our  sides  have  been  absolutely  sore  with  laugh- 
Life  of  Swtt.  Jug      I  think,  too,  there  are  passages  which  indicate  tliat  the  au- 

Mr.  Irving  must  be  permitted  to  take  up  the  thread:  thor  possesses  powerof  a  different  kind,  and  [he]  has  some  touches 

"Before  Scutt  had  reached  the  gate  he  called  out  to  nie  iu  a  which  remind  mo  much  of  Sterne.  I  beg  you  will  have  the  kind- 
hearty  tone,  welcoming  me  to  Abbotsford,  aud  asking  news  of  nggg  to  let  me  know  when  Mr.  Irvine  takes  pen  in  hand  again,  for 
Campbell.  Arrived  at  the  door  of  the  chaise,  he  grasped  me  assuredly  I  shall  expect  a  very  great  treat,  which  I  ni.ay  chance 
warmly  by  the  hand:  'Come,  drive  down,  drive  down  to  the  never  to  hear  of  but  Ihrough  your  kindness.  Believe  me,  dear  sir, 
house,'  said  he ;  '  ye're  just  in  time  for  breakfiist,  and  afterwards  "  Your  obliged  and  humble  servant, 

ye  shall  see  all  the  wonders  of  the  Abbey.'  "Walter  ScOTT. 

"  I  would  have  e.'ccused  myself  on  the  plea  of  having  already         "  Abbotsford.  '23d  April.  1S13." 
made  my  breakfast.  '  Hout,  man  !' cried  be;  'a  ride  in  the  morning  -yyTg  have  already  seen  that  it  was  to  the  friendly  offices 

in  the  keen  air  of  the  Scotch  hills  is  warrant  enough  lor  a  second  ^j  g^^^^  ^-^^^^^  Iniag  was  indebted  for  the  happy  circum- 
Thuf  graphically!  sketched,  by  the  gratified  stranger,  f'-^-  which  made  John  Murray  his  publisher  and  the 
his  first  interview  with  the  tried  and  loving  friend  of  many  handsome  tribute  to  both  these  gentlemen  which  appears 
years;  and  this  lifelike  description  is  fainiliar,  or  should  m  the  Preiace  o  the  revised  ed.tioit  of  'Ihe  .Sketch-Book 
be  so,  to  all.  But  it  has  been  the  happy  lot  of  the  writer  (^"W  lolrk,  1848)  must  not  be  omit  ed  m  this  place : 
^    ,'  11 J  1 -1     ii  „         '-From  that  tmie  f  the  publicatinn  of  The  Sketch-Book  in  1820] 

of  these  pages  to  hear  from  Irving  s  own  lips— while  the  ji^j,.,,^^  became  my  publisher,  conducting  himself  in  all  his  deal- 
generous  tear  of  affection  quivered  in  his  eye — the  pathetic  j,ij,c;  with  that  fair,  open,  and  liberal  spirit  which  had  obtained 
account  of  his  htfit  interview  with  his  friend,  a  few  months  foi^him  the  well-merited  appellation  of  the  Prince  of  Booksellers, 
before  the  lamentations  of  nations  over  his  grave  testitied  Thus,  under  the  kind  and  cordial  auspices  of  SirWalter  Scott,  I 
.     ,,        .  u    1  ]      ;  ■   u   1,     I     1        ;^^r7   „.^v>   *i,n  i.ont-fc     be"au  my  literary  career  in  Europe;  and  1  feel  that  1  am  but  dis- 

to  the  strong  hold  which  he  had  gained  upon  the  hearts  ^^^  ^^,7^^  ^  (..j^i^g  ^^g,.^^^  ^y'^^^t  of  gratitude  to  the  memory 
of  his  readers  in  every  land.  But  we  are  ailticipating  „(■  that  "^golden-hearted  man  in  acknowledging  my  obligations  to 
here  :  should  we  ever  record  the  deeply-interesting  narra-  jjjm.  jjut  who  of  his  literary  contemporaries  e\er  applied  to  him 
tiou  to  which  we  refer,  it  will  be  more  appropriately  intro-  for  aid  or  counsel  that  did  not  experience  the  most  prompt,  gene- 
dueed  in  our  life  of  the  author  of  Waverley.     It  is  worth     reus,  and  effectual  assistance?"  _ 

mentioning,  in  this  conne.vion,  that  in  a  letter  from  Scott         W«  continue  the  quotation  of  opinions : 
J.      r    1       T>  ■    I.       J  J    I     1  no  1  c   v,!-    lOTT    i.^  ,.r,^,c.,A-^  .  "Eiiuallv  or  more  admired  [than   ^aluiagundij  was  Knicker- 

to  John  Richardson,  dated  22d  Sept.  181 7,  he  remaiks  ^_.|.J..^  ^^.^^       ^^  ^.^^  ^^^^^  i,  ^^,.^  ^  be  compared  with  any 

"Whenyousee'lomCampbell,  tell  him  with  my  best  love  that  jbiug  of  the  kind  in  our  language;  a  book  of  uu wearying  plea- 
I  have  to  thank  him  for  making  me  known  to  Mr.  Washington  j,,„t?y,  which,  instead  of  flashing  out,  as  English  and  AmeriKin 
Irving,  who  is  one  of  the  best  and  pleasantest  acjuaintances  I  j,„^,„^„,.  j^  „„-^f^  £,.„„,  time  to  time,  with  long  and  dull  intervals, 
have  made  this  many  a  d.ay.  ,      •      ,    ,     .     is  kept  up  with  a  true  French  vivacity  from  l.eiiinniog  to  end;  a 

Every  American  who  has  been  abroad,  and  mingled  at  ^„„|;  which,  if  it  have  a  fault,  has  only  that  of  being  too  pleasant, 
all  in  tho  polite  circles  of  Europe,  can  testify  that  Sir  too  sustained  a  tissue  of  merriment  and  ridicule." — EnwAitn  ilvE- 
Walter  Scott  here  speaks  that  only  which  thousands  will     kett;,  N.  Amer.  Sev.,  xv.  200,  July,  182-2. 

eladly  endorse.  We  quote  one  instance  which  we  find  '■  It  h.as  the  same  faults  .and  same  good  qualities  in  its  style,  its 
jji.mij^    ,  .      ';     ,,.  '      ,,^.,,.  ,  1  1     V,        -n-         1      ,1        wit  and  humour,  and  its  characters  are  evidently  by  the  same 

recorded  in  Mr.  N.  P.  Willis  s  agreeable  PenciUings  by  the  ^^^^^  ^^^  ,^^,  leading  ones  in  Salmagundi,  though  not  copies  from 
Way.  He  is  describing  an  evening  party  at  the  Countess  them.  They  are  perfectly  fresh  and  original,  and  suited  to  their 
of  Blessington's :  situations.    Too  much  of  the  first  part  of  the  first  volume  is  labo- 

"  Nearest  me  .sat  Smith,  the  author  of  Kejected  Addresses,— a  rious  and  up-hill ;  and  there  are  places,  here  and  there,  in  tho  last 
hale,  handsome  man,  apparently  fifty,  with  «  hite  hair,  and  a  very  part,  to  which  there  is  the  same  objection.  Our  feelings  seldom 
nobly-formed  bead  and  physiognomy.  .  .  .  Among  other  things,  he  fl.ag  iu  the  second." — RlcnARD  U.  Dana,  Sr.:  iV.  Amer.  Jiev.,  is. 
talked  a  great  deal  of  Ainerica,  and  asked  me  if  I  knew  our  dis-     345,  Sept.  1819. 

tinguished  countryman.  Washington  Irving.  I  had  never  been  "This  we  consider  as  equal  to  the  best,  and  in  some  respects 
BO  fortunate  as  to  meet  him.  'You  have  lost  a  great  deal,'  he  perhaps  superior  to  any  other,  of  our  author's  productions,  [viz.: 
said,  '  for  never  was  so  delightful  a  fellow.  I  was  once  taken  Uldstvle.  Salmagundi,  Naval  Biographies,  The  Sketch-Book,  Brace- 
down  with  him  into  the  country  by  a  merchant  to  dinner.  Our  bridge  Hall,  'i';iles  of  a  Traveller,  and  Columbus.]  It  is  the  one 
friend  stopped  his  carriage  at  the  gate  of  his  park,  and  asked  us  which  e.xbil  .its  most  distinctly  the  stamp  of  re.al  inventive  power, 
if  we  would  walk  through  his  grounds  to  the  house.  Irving  1  the  true  test,  as  we  have  hinted,  of  genius.  The  plan,  though 
refused,  and  held  me  down  by  the  coat,  so  that  we  drove  on  to  the  |  simple  enough,  and  when  hit  upon  sufficiently  obvious,  is  entirely 
house  together,  leaving  our  host  to  follow  on  foot.  "  1  make  it  a  '  oiiginal.'— Alex.  U.  Kvekeii:  iV.  Amer.  Sev.,  xxviii.  117-H8, 
principle,"  said  Irving,  "never  to  walk  with  a  man  through  his  |  Jan.  1829. 
933 


IRV 


'•The  most  elaborate  piece  of  humor  in  our  literature— Irv- 
Ing's  facetious  history  of  his  native  town."— Uenky  i.  lucKEKMAN  . 

^"  Of  Uie  poh'it  of'niany  of  the  allusions  container]  in  this  political 
satire,  parllikinj:  somewhat  of  the  style  of  Swiffs  Tale  of  a  Tub.  and 
in  which  more  Than  one  President  of  the  United  fetates  figures,  we 
Terv  much  lament  that  we  are  not  fully  competent  to  judge,  io 
us  it  is  a  tantalizing  book,  of  which  all  that  we  understand  is  so 
(rood,  and  affords  us  so  much  pleasure,  even  through  an  imperfect 
icnuaintance  with  it,  that  we  cannot  but  conclude  th.it  a  thorough 
knowledge  of  the  whole  point  in  every  part  would  be  a  treat  in- 
deed."—ion.  Quar.  Rev.,  xxxi.  475,  March,  1826. 

Another  authority  does  not  con.sider  that  Irving  was 
60  invariably  allegorical  as  the  critic  just  quoted  seems 
to  snppose :  . 

"  By  nine  readers  out  of  ten,  perhaps,  Knickerbocker  is  read  as 
a  piece  of  generous  drollery,— nothing  more.  Be  it  so.  It  will 
wear  the  better.  The  design  of  Irving  himself  is  not  always 
clear,  nor  was  he  always  undeviating  in  his  course.  Truth  or 
fable,  fact  or  falsehood,— it  was  all  the  same  to  him,  if  a  bit  of 
material  came  in  his  way.  In  a  word,  we  look  upon  this  volume 
of  Knickerbocker— though  it  is  tiresome,  though  there  are  some 
wretched  failures  in  it,  a  little  overdoing  of  the  humorous,  and  a 
little  coiilusion  of  purpose  throughout— as  a  work  honourable  to 
English  literature,  manly,  bold,  and  so  allrigethcr  tirii/iiial,  without 
being  extravagant,  as  to  stand  alone  among  the  labours  of  men. 
— JODN  Neal:  Blackw.  Mag.,  xvii.  ij2,  .Jan.  1825. 

"To  speak  the  plain  truth,  Diedrlch  KnicUerhocker  is,  after  all, 
our  favourite.  There  is  more  rirhness  of  humour,  and  there  is 
more  strength  of  language  too,  in  these  earlier  efforts." — Blackw, 
Maa..  xiv.  .-,04.  Nov.  1S23.  ,,,,.. 

"The  whole  book  is  ^jcu-d'espril,  and  perhaps  its  only  fault  is, 
that  no  jc!i-rf'csy>r/(  ought  to  be  quite  so  long  as  to  fill  two  closely- 
printed  volumes."— /tW.,  vii.  SOI,  July,  1820,  (by  J.G-  Lockhart.) 
The  eloquent  historian  of  The  Conquest  of  Mexico,  in 
a  dissertation  upon  the  Kight  of  Title  by  Discovery,  after 
referring  the  reader  to  some  of  the  sreat  legal  luminaries 
of  different  countries.— to  Vattcl,  Kent,  and  Wheaton, — 
concludes  with  the  following  allusuin  to  the  erudite  essay 
of  our  ancient  friend,  the  chronicler  of  the  early  fortunes 
of  Nieuw-Nederlandts : 

"  If  it  were  not  treating  a  grave  discussion  too  lightly,  I  should 
crave  leave  to  refer  the  reader  to  the  renowned  Tliedrich  Knicker- 
hocker's  History  of  New  York,  (book  1,  chap.  6.)  for  a  luriiinous 
disquisition  on  this  knotty  question.  At  all  events,  he  will  find 
there  the  popular  arguments  subjected  to  the  test  of  ridicule. — a 
test  showing,  more  than  any  reasoning  can,  how  much,  or  rather 
how  little,  they  are  really  worth."— PrescoU's  Hist,  of  the  Conquest 
0/  Mexico,  23d  ed.,  Bost,  1855,  ii.  33,  n. 

For  further  notices  of  Knickerbocker's  History  of  New 
York,  see  Lon.  Month.  Rev.,  xciv.  67  ;  Lon.  Athen.,  1832, 
45S;  Knickerbocker  Mag.,  iii.  1;  Grahame,  James,  p. 
717,  in  this  Dictionary. 

3.  The  Sketch-Book,  1819-20. 
"  I  have  glanced  over  The  Sketch-Book.  It  is  positively  beauti- 
ful, and  increases  mv  desire  to  crimp  you,  if  it  be  possible."  — Sir 
Walter  Scolt  to  Washington  Jii'ing,  offering  him  the  editorship 
(with  a  salary  of  £50u  per  annum)  of  a  projected  Edinburgh 
weekly  literary  periodical.    This  offer  was  giatefully  declined  by 

"But,  though  it  is  primarily  for  its  style  and  composition  that 
we  are  induced  to  notice  this  book,  it  would  be  quite  unjust  to 
the  author  not  to  add,  that  he  deserves  very  high  commendation 
for  its  more  substantial  qualities;  and  that  we  have  seldom  seen 
a  work  that  gave  us  a  more  pleasing  impression  of  the  writers 
character,  or  a  more  favourable  one  of  his  judgment  and  taste.  .  .  . 
It  seemed  fair  and  courteous  not  to  stint  a  stranger  on  his  first 
introduction  to  our  pages:  and  what  we  have  quoted,  we  are  per- 
suaded, will  justify  all  that  we  h.ave  said  in  his  favour.  .  .  .  ^\o 
have  found  the  book  in  the  hands  of  most  of  those  to  whom  we 
have  thought  of  mentioning  it."— Lord  Jefpkey  :  Edin.  Jiei'., 
xxxiv.  161,  1G8,  176,  Aug.  1820. 

"  Few  recent  publications  have  been  so  well  received  in  England 
as  The  Sketch-Book.  Several  of  the  Waverley  novels  have  passed 
through  lewer  editions  than  this  agreeable  work,  and  the  journ.al5 
of  most  consequence  have  paid  the  highest  compliments  to  its 
merit.  We  are  nevertheless  free  to  confess  that  we  think  The 
Sketch-Book  as  a  whole  inferior  to  the  author's  earlier  writings." 
—EDWARD  Everett:  N.  Amer.  Rer..  XT.  208,  July,  1822. 

"We  will  be  open  with  him,  and  tell  liim  that  we  do  not  think 
the  change  is  for  the  better.  He  appears  to  have  lost  a  little  of 
that  natural  run  of  style  for  which  bis  lighter  writings  were  so 
remarkaljle.  He  has  given  up  something  of  his  direct,  simple 
manner,  and  plain  phraseology,  for  a  more  studied,  periphrastical 
mode  of  expression.  He  seems  to  have  exchanged  words  and 
phrases  which  were  strong,  distinct,  and  definite,  for  a  genteel 
sort  of  language,  cool,  less  definite,  and  general.  Tt  is  as  if  his 
mother-English  had  been  sent  abroad  to  be  improved,  and.  in 
attempting   to  become   accomplished,  had  lost  too  many  of  her 

home  qualities The  Sketch-Book  is  extremely  popular,  and  it 

is  worthy  of  being  so.    Yet  it  is  with  surprise  that  we  have  heard 

its  style  indiscriminatelv  praised Had  we  thought  less  highly 

of  his  powers,  we  should  have  said  less  about  his  errors.    Did  we 
not  take  delight  in  reading  him,  we  should  have  been  less  earnest 

about  bis  mistakes He  is  a  man  of  genius,  and  able  to  bear 

his  faults."— RicH.lRD  U.  Dana,  Sr.:  N.  Amer.  iJei).,  ix.  348,  350, 
356,  Sept.  1819.  ^.  „     ^, 

"  The  characteristics  of  The  Sketch-Book  are  essentmlly  the 
same  with  those  of  the  preceding  work ;  but,  with  somewhat 
more  polish  and  elegance,  it  has  somewhat  less  vivacity,  fresh- 
ness, and  power.  This  difference  constitutes  the  distinction 
between  Mr.  Irving's  first  and  second  manner,  the  latter  of  which 


IRV 

is  preserved  in  all  his  subsequent  publications,  excepting  the  one 
immediately  before  us,  [Life  of  Columbus.]  Of  these  two  inan- 
ners,  the  one  or  the  other  may  perhaps  be  preferred  by  different 
readers,  according  to  their  different  tastes.  We  incline  ourselves 
to  the  former,  couceiving  that  spirit  and  vigour  are  the  highest 
qualities  of  style,  and  that  the  loss  of  any  merit  of  this  descrip- 
tion is  but  p'oorly  compensated  by  a  little  additional  finish.  — 
Alex.  H.  Everett  :  N.  Atrnr.  Rev.,  xxviii.  119,  Jan.  1829. 

"  His  stories  of  Rip  Van  Winkle  and  Sleepy  Hollow  are  perhaps 
the  finest  pieces  of  original  fictitious  writing  that  this  country 
has  produced,  next  to  the  works  of  tia>tt."—Cliambers's  Ci/c.  Eng, 
Lit..  Edin..  1844,  ii.  594. 

Dr.  Dibdin,  a  Nestor  among  critics,  cannot  find  words 
sufficiently  strong  in  which  to  e.\prcss  his  admiration  of 
The  Sketch-Book.    Referring  to  Mr.  Roscoe,  he  remarks : 

"This  is  probably  the  last  time  that  his  name  will  adorn  these 

Lu-es:  and  in  taking  leave  of  it  bow  can  I  better  express  iny 


pages;  .and  in  taking  leave  c   -  .,   ■      ,  n.v-„ 

feelings  than  in  the  beautiful  language  of  the  author  of  The 
Sketcii-Book  ■("— Xitroi-J/  Cnmpanian,  ed.  1825,  642. 

Again :  ,  ,..  t, 

"1  know  of  few  passages- indeed,  I  know  of  non(^which  so 
completely  and  so  deliciously  (if  I  may  so  speak)  describe  the 
comforts  of  a  well-stored  library  as  the  following,  from  the  author 
of  The  Sketch-Book:  'When  all  that  is  worldly  turns  to  dross 
around  us,  these  only  retain  their  steady  value,'  ic." 

The  doctor  quotes  to  the  end  of  the  next  paragraph, 
and  then  demands, 

"  Can  sentiment  (I  ask)  be  purer,  or  language  more  harmonious, 
than  this'f"- OTi  stijnra,  p.  644.     See  also  p.  346. 

"  The  Sketch-Book  is  a  timid,  beautiful  work;  with  some  chlldisn 
pathos  in  it:  some  rich,  pure,  bold  poetry:  a  little  squeamish, 
puliu",  lady-like  sentimentality  :  some  courageous  writing,  some 
wit,  and  a  world  of  humour,  so  happy,  so  natural,  so  altogether 
unlike  that  of  any  other  man,  dead  or  alive,  that  we  would  rather 
have  been  the  writer  of  it.  fifty  times  over,  than  of  every  thing 
else  that  he  has  ever  written.  The  touches  of  poetry  are  every- 
where ;  but  never  where  we  would  look  for  them.  Irving  has  no 
passion:  he  fails  utterly  in  true  pathos,— cannot  speak  as  if  he 
were  carried  away  by  any  thing.  He  is  always  thoughtful ;  and, 
save  when  he  tries  to  be  fine  or  sentimental,  always  natural. 
The  Hlv sty  splendour^  of  Westminster  Abbey,  the  'ship  staggering 
over  the  precipices  of  the  ocean,  the  shark  'darting,  like  a  spectre, 
through  the  Hue  ifafcrs,'- all  these  things  are  poetry,  such  poetry 
as  never  was,  never  will  be,  surpassed.  We  could  mention  fitly 
more  pa33.ages, — epithets  of  power,  which  no  mere  prnse  writer 
would  have  dared,  under  any  circumstances,  to  use."— Jous  Neal: 
B(aci-iti.  .Vai?.,  xvii.  65.  Jan.  18'25.  v    •.-  . 

"  We  trust  some  arrangement  has  been  entered  into,  by  virtue 
of  which  the  succeeding  numbers  of  this  exquisite  miscellany 
may  be  early  given  to  the  English  public;  who,  we  are  sure,  are, 
at  least,  as  much  inclined  to  receive  them  well  as  the  American. 
Mr  W.ashington  Ir^ing  is  one  of  our  first  favourites  among  the 
English  writers  of  this  age,  and  he  is  not  a  bit  the  less  so  for  having 
been  born  in  America."— Blackw.  Mag.,  vii.  361,  July,  1820,  (by  J. 
G.  Lockhart.)  .    .  „, 

We   have   already  quoted  Loclthart  s   opinion  _ot    Ihe 


Sketch-Book  on  a  preceding  page,  7. 


1  also  Christo- 


pher North's  Nodes  AmbrosianiB,  July,  1822,  and  May, 

1823. 

"  Of  the  merit  of  his  Knickerbocker  and  New  York  Stories  we 
cannot  pretend  to  judge.  But  in  his  Sketch-Book  and  Bracehrldge 
Hall  he  gives  us  very  good  Anieric:in  copies  of  our  British  Essay- 
ists and  Novelists,  which  may  he  very  well  on  the  other  side  of  the 
water,  or  as  proofs  of  the  capabilities  of  the  national  genius,  but 
which  mi'ht  be  dispensed  with  here,  where  we  have  to  boast  of  the 
originals.  Not  only  Mr.  Irving's  language  iswith  great  taste  and 
felicity  modelled  on  that  of  Addison,  Goldsmith,  Sterne,  or  Mac- 
kenzie, but  the  thoughts  and  sentiments  are  taken  at  the  rebound, 
and,  as  they  are  brought  forward  at  the  present  period,  want  both 
freshness  and  probability.  Blr.  Irving's  writings  are  literary  aJia- 
chronistms.  He  comes  to  England  for  the  first  (the  second]  time; 
and,  being  on  the  spot,  fancies  himself  in  the  midst  of  those  cha- 
racters and  manners  which  he  had  read  of  in  The  Spectator  and 
other  approved  authors,  and  which  were  the  only  idea  he  had 
hitherto  formed  of  the  parent-country.  Instead  of  looking  round 
to  see  what  we  are.  he  sets  to  work  to  describe  us  as  we  were,  at 
second-hand."— ffaziifCs  Spirit  of  the  Age. 

As  this  charge — of  literary  anachronism — has  often  been 
urged  ag.ainst  some  of  the  graphic  scenes  depicted  in  The 
Sketch-Book  and  Bracebridge  Hall,  it  is  only  just  to  allow 
the  author  to  be  heard  in  his  own  defence  : 

"  At  the  time  of  the  first  publication  of  this  paper,  [The  Christmas 
Dinner,  in  The  Sketch-Book,]  the  picture  of  an  old-fashioned 
Christmas  in  the  country  was  pronounced  by  some  as  out  ot  date. 
The  author  bad  afterwards  an  opportunity  of  witnessing  almost 
all  the  customs  above  described,  existing  in  unexpected  vigour 
in  the  skirts  of  Derbyshire  and  Yorkshire,  where  he  passed  the 
Christmas  holidays.  The  reader  will  find  some  .account  of  them 
in  the  author's  account  of  his  sojourn  in  Newstead  Abbey."— Aofe 
to  revised  edit,  of  The  Sketcli-Book.  New  York,  1848.  p.  298. 

Vie  lack  space  to  quote  Mr.  Irving's  description  of  the 
primitive  customs  which  he  found  in  full  and  honoured  ob- 
servance in  different  parts  of  England,— customs  which, 
as  he  remarks,  . 

"Have  only  been  pronounced  obsolete  by  those  who  draw  their 
experience  merely  fi  om  city  life.  ...  It  has  been  deemed  that  some 
of  the  anecdotes"  of  holiday  customs  given  in  my  preceding  writ- 
ings related  to  usages  which  have  entirely  passed  away.  Critics 
who  reside  in  cities  have  little  idea  of  the  primitive  manners  and 
observances  which  still  prevail  iu  remote  and  rural  neighbour- 
hoods."'—C'rai/on  Miscellani/:  A'e^vslead  Albey,  N.  York,  1848,  208, 
'299.  -,„ 


IRV 


IRV 


Mr.  Irving's  comments  are  fully  endorsed  by  an  eminent 
English  authority: 

'•  The  accuracy  of  his  pictures  of  old  English  customs  and  sports, 
■which  he  represeuts  as  tiouiisbiuf;;  under  the  influence  of  the 
benevolent  squire,  has  been  questioned,  we  know,  by  suburban 
readers :  in  our  tipinion.  and  according  to  our  e^perience,  there  is 
nothing  too  highly  coloured  in  them.  [The  writer  then  proceeds 
to  prnve  his  positiou.]  We  think,  therefore,  that,  far  from  excet-d- 
ing  the  limits  of  probability  in  this  respect.  Mr.  Irving  has  hardly 
made  the  full  use  of  northern  customs  whioh  was  really  open  to 
him.  Nor  ran  we  see  any  thing  oTerdrawn  in  the  characters  them- 
Belves." — Lon.  Quar.  Rev.,  xxxi.  476,  477.  March,  lH2o. 

The  Dublin  University  Mag.  remarks,  in  the  same  strain  : 

"  Biacebridge  Hall  is  the  only  account  we  have  which  gives  any 
thing  like  a  true  picture  of  the  life  of  an  English  country  gentle- 
man of  our  own  day." — May.  1S35,  554. 

Other  reviews  of  The  Sketch-Book  appeared  in  the  Lon. 
Quar.  Rev.,  xxv.  50;  Lon.  Month.  Rev.,  xciii.  198;  Edin. 
Month.  Rev.,  iv.  303.  In  our  life  of  Lord  Byron,  p.  322 
of  this  Dictionary,  will  be  fuund  an  interesting  account  of 
the  enthusiastic  admiration  expressed  by  his  lordship  of 
The  Sketch-Book  and  its  author. 

Before  we  leave  our  subject,  we  must  not  forget  to  copy 
an  entry  in  Moore's  Diary,  in  which  the  success  of  The 
Sketch-Book  at  its  first  appearance  is  referred  to  : 

"Dined  with  SIcIvay  at  the  talk d' hate,  at  Meurice's.  for  the 
purpose  of  being  made  known  to  Mr.  Washington  Irving,  the 
author  of  the  work  which  has  lately  had  success.  The  Sketch- 
Book;  a  good-lookiug  and  intelligent-mannered  man." — Paris, 
Dec.  21,  1^20. 

4.  Bracebridge  Hall:  or,  the  HujrouRisTS,  1822: 
"The  great  charm  and  peculiarity  of  bis  work  consists  now,  as 

on  former  occasions,  in  the  sin;i:u]ar  sweetness  of  the  composition, 
and  the  mildness  of  the  sentiments, — sicklied  over  perhaps  a  little, 
now  and  then,  with  that  cloying  heaviness  into  which  unvaried 
sweetness  is  so  apt  to  subside.  The  rhythm  and  melody  of  the 
sentences  is  certainly  excessive:  as  it  not  only  gives  an  air  of 
mannerism,  but  raises  too  strong  an  impression  of  the  labour  that 
must  have  been  bestowed,  and  the  importance  which  must  have 
been  attached  to  that  which  is.  after  all,  but  a  secondary  attribute 
to  good  writing.  It  is  very  ill-natured  in  us,  however,  to  object 
to  wbat  has  given  us  so  much  pleasure;  for  we  hap}}en  to  be  very 
intense  and  sensitive  admirers  of  those  soft  harmonies  of  studied 
speech  in  which  this  author  is  apt  to  indulge  himself;  and  have 
caught  ourselves,  oftener  than  we  shall  confess,  neglecting  his 
excellent  matter,  to  lap  ourselves  in  the  liquid  music  of  his  pe- 
riods, and  letting  ourselves  Hoat  passively  down  the  mellow  falls 
and  windings  of  his  soft-tlowing  sentences,  with  a  delight  not  in- 
ferior to  that  which  we  derive  from  fine  versification." — Lokd 
Jeffrev;  Edin.  Ji,-v.,  xsxvii.  3.38-339,  Nov.  1^22. 

"  We  have  no  hesitation  in  pronouncing  Bracebridge  Ilall  quite 
equal  to  any  thiug  which  the  present  age  of  Endish  literature 
has  produced  in  this  department.  In  saying  this,  we  class  it  in 
the  branch  of  essay-writing. .  .  .  Besides  "the  episodical  tales,  he 
has  given  us  admirable  sketches  of  life  and  manners,  highly  cu- 
rious in  themselves,  and  rendered  almost  important  by  the  good- 
natured  mock  gravity,  the  ironical  reverence,  and  lively  wit,  with 
which  they  are  described.  We  can  scarce  express  the  delight  with 
which  we  turn  to  the  definite  images  such  a  work  excites,  from 
the  vagueness  and  generality  of  ordinary  story- writing,  where  per- 
sonages without  prototypes  in  anv  society  on  earth  speak  a  lan- 
guage learned  out  of  books,  without  a  trait  of  nature,  life,  or  truth." 
— Edward  Everett  :  N.  Amer.  Rkv.,  xv.  209.  223-224,  July,  1822. 

"Bracebridge  Hall  cerhunly  does  not  possess  the  spirit  of  The 
Sketch-Uook."— B/ac/,-wj.  Mag.,  xi.  688.  June.  1S22. 

"  Stout  Gentleman— very  good,  and  a  pretty  fair  account  of  a 
real  occurrence,  [see  Note  at  bottom  of  the  page;]  Student  of  Sala- 
manca—beneath  contempt:  Irving  has  no  ide;i of  genuine  romance, 
or  love,  or  any  thing  else,  we  believe,  that  ever  seriously  troubles 
the  blood  of  men  :  Kookerv— struck  off  in  a  few  hours ;  contrary 
to  what  has  been  said,  Irving  does  not  labour  as  people  suppose — 
he  is  too  indolent — given  too  much,  we  Anoiy,  to  reverv :  Dolpb 
Hevlicer;  The  Haunted  House:  Storm  Ship— all  in  the  fashion 
of  his  early  time;  perhaps— we  are  greatly  inclined  to  believe — 
perhaps  the  remains  of  what  was  meant  for  Salmagundi  or  Knick- 
erbocker :  the  rest  of  the  two  volumes  quite  unwortliy  of  Irving's 
reputation."  — John  Ne.\l:  Blackw.  Mag.,  xvii.  66,  Janaarv, 
1825.  ■' 

"In  spite,  however,  of  the  pleasure  which  Bracebridge  Hall  has 
alTorded  us,  we  can  see  nothing  in  it  which  might  not  have  been 
compressed  into  the  space  of  one  volume.  The  viak(-w<:irjh(s  (for 
we  can  give  them  no  other  name)  which  are  thrown  in  to  round 
off  the  work  more  properly  belong  to  Mr.  Irving's  recent  publica- 
tion, the  Tales  of  a  Tr-aveller;  in  fact  they  are.  for  the  most  part, 
told  by  the  sanie  imaginary  narrators,  and  we  shall,  therefore, 
consider  them  under  the  same  head."' — Lo7i.  Quar.  JSei-.,  xxxi.  4S1- 
4:S2.  March.  182o. 

See  also  Moore's  Diary,  March  19,  1S21. 

5.  TaLe.s  of  a  Traveller,  1824. 

'*  I  have  been  miserably  disappointed  in  the  Tales  of  a 
Traveller."  In  this  strain  commences  Tinii.thy  Tickler's 
review  of  the  Tales,  and  he  proceeds  to  abuse  them  terri- 
bly: the  more  so,  he  intimates,  from  the  fact  that 

'•  Few  people  have  admired  Mr.  Irving  more  than  mvself.  few 
have  praised  him  more,  and  certainly  few  wish  him  and  his  career 
better  than  I  do  at  this  moment."— i??ac/.u'.  Muq.,  xvi.  294,  297. 
Sept.  1824.  ^'  '        ' 

In  the  same  periodical  (xvii.  66-G7,  American  Writers, 
Ko.  4,  by  John  Neal)  the  Tales  are  quit*  as  severely 
handled,  but  the  critic  dismisses  the  author  with  many 
civil  wnnls  and  a  hearty  benediction; 


"  You — Geoffrey  Crayon — have  great  power. — original  power. 
Wa  rejoice  in  your  failure  now,  because  we  believe  that  it  will 
drive  you  into  a  style  of  original  composition,  far  more  worthy  of 
yourself.  Go  to  work.  Lose  no  time.  Your  foundations  will  be 
the  stronger  for  this  uproar.  You  cannot  write  a  novel,  a  poem, 
a  true  tale,  or  a  tragfdy.  You  can  write  another  Sketch-Book 
worth  all  that  you  have  ever  written,  if  you  will  draw  out  from 
yourself.  You  have  some  qualities  that  no  other  living  writer 
has. — a  bold,  quiet  humour,  a  rich,  beautiful  mode  of  painting 
without  caricatui'e,  a  delightful,  fiee.  happy  spirit:  make  use  of 
thtim.  We  look  to  see  you  all  the  better  for  this  trouncing.  God 
bless  you!     Farewell." 

The  reviewer  in  the  London  Quarterly  (vol.  xxxi.  481- 
487,  March,  1S25)  finds  hardly  any  thing  to  commend  in 
the  Tales  of  a  Traveller,  save  the  autobiography  of  I3uck- 
thorne : 

"  It  is  with  great  pleasure  that  we  turn  from  productions  which 
Mr.  Irving  honestly  confesses  to  be  the  sweepings  of  his  Scrap- 
book,  to  the  tjile  of  Buckthorne,  whose  adventures,  together  with 
those  of  his  friends,  occupy  the  second  division  of  the  tak-s.  In 
this  instance,  finding  the  contents  of  the  -said  Scrap-book  run 
short,  he  has  been  driven  to  tax  his  own  invention  in  good  e.ir- 
nest.  and  the  result  is  excellent.  From  the  evidence  of  this  tale, 
which  abounds  in  point  and  incident,  it  pe^ms  probable  to  us  that 
he  might  as  a  novelist  prove  no  contemptible  rival  to  Goldsmith, 
whose  turn  of  mind  he  very  much  inherits,  and  of  whose  style  he 
particularly  reminds  us  in  the  life  of  Dribble.  Like  him.  too,  Mr. 
Irving  possesses  the  art  of  setting  ludicrous  perplexities  in  the 
most  irresistible  point  of  view,  and  we  think  equals  him  in  the 
variety,  if  not  in  the  force,  of  his  humour.  .  . .  After  the  evidence 
of  Mr.  Irving's  powers  afforded  by  the  last-quoted  passage,  he 
must  in  future  be  true  to  his  own  reputation  throughout,  and 
correct  the  habits  of  indolence  which  so  considerable  a  part  of  the 
Tales  of  a  Traveller  evince.  The  indulgence  which  he  so  fairly 
deserved  at  his  outset,  as  an  ingenious  stranger  intuitively  pro- 
ficient in  the  style  and  ideas  of  the  mother-country,  must  now 
cease,  and  he  must  be  considered  in  future  as  not  only  admitted 
to  the  full  freedom  and  privileges  of  the  English  guild  of  author- 
ship, but  amenable  also  at  the  same  time,  as  an  experienced  crafts- 
man, to  its  most  vigorous  statutes.  We  may  congratulate  him 
on  thei-ank  which  he  has  already  gained,  of  which  the  momentary 
caprice  of  the  public  cannot  long  deprive  him;  and  with  hearty 
good  will,  playfully,  but  we  hope  not  profanely,  we  exclaim,  as  we 
part  with  liim.  •  Yery  pleasant  hast  thou  been  to  me.  my  brother 
Jou:ithan.*"~ion.  Qimj:  Rev.,  xxxi.  483-484.  48IJ-4S7. 

But  perhaps  the  most  severe  of  all  the  reviews  of  the 
Tales  of  a  Traveller  appeared  in  the  Westminster  Review, 
(ii.  334,)  then  in  the  first  blossom  of  its  youth.  Geoffrey 
Crayon's  courteous  notices  of  the  English  nobility,  and 
his  equally  creditable  disgust  at  the  sanguinary  horrors  of 
the  French  Revolution,  excited  the  ire  of  the  democratic 
critic  to  an  uncontrollable  pitch.  Even  the  author's  ad- 
miring friend,  Tom  Moore,  seems  to  have  had  but  little 
hope  for  the  success  of  the  Tales  : 

"  Irving  and  I  set  out  for  the  cottage  between  ten  and  eleven. 
Took  Irving  alter  dinner  to  show  him  to  the  Starkeys,  but  he  was 
sleepy,  and  did  not  open  his  mouth  :  the  same  at  Elwyn'.s  dinner. 
Not  strong  as  a  lion,  but  delightful  as  a  domestic  anim.il.  Walked 
him  over  this  morning  to  call  on  Lord  Lansdowne,  (come  down  in 
consequence  of  Lord  King's  illness.)  who  walked  part  of  the  way 
back  with  us.  Read  me  some  parts  of  his  new  work,  Tales  of  a 
Traveller.  Kather  tremble  for  its  fate.  Murray  has  given  him 
1500^  for  it:  might  have  had,  I  think,  2000^."— June  17, 1S24. 

6.  The  Life  and  Voyages  of  Christopheb  Colum- 
bus, 182S: 

*'  Venient  annis 

Sa^cula  seris,  quibus,  Oceanus 

Vincula  rerum  laset,  et  ingens 

Pateat  tell  us,  Typhisque  novos 

Detegat  Orlies.  nee  sit  terris 

Ultime  Thule." — Seneca:  Medea. 
'-  The  author,  having  resided  for  some  years  past  in  Madrid,  and 
enjoyed  access  to  the  archives  of  the  Spanish  Government,  as  well 
as  to  many  private  Libraries,  has  been  enabled  to  weave  into  this 
\Vork  many  curious  facts,  hitherto  unknown,  concerning  the  His- 
tory of  Columbus." 

The  existence  of  a  new  world  beyond  the  Atlantic  was 
firmly  believed  by  many  of  the  ancients,  as  is  abundantly 
proved  by  numerous  passages  in  the  classics : 

"None  of  the  intimations  [remarks  Mr.  Prescott]  are  so  precise 
as  that  contained  in  the  well-known  lines  of  Seneca's  Medea: 

'  Yenient  annis  sajcula,'  &c. 
Although,  when  regarded  as  a  mere  poetical  vagary,  it  has  not 
the  weight  which  belongs  to  more  serious  suggestions  of  similar 
import,  in  the  writings  of  Aristotle  and  Strabo.  The  various  allu- 
sions in  the  ancient  classic  writers  to  an  undiscovered  world  form 
the  subject  ol  an  elaborate  essay  in  the  Memoriasda  Acad.  Keal  da? 
Scien^as  de  Lisboa,  (tom.  v.  pp.  101-112,)  and  are  embodied,  in 
much  greater  detail,  iu  the  first  section  of  Ilumboldt's  Llistoira 
de  la  Geographie  du  Nouveau  Continent:  a  work  in  which  the 
author,  with  his  usual  acuteness,  has  successfully  applied  the  vast 
stores  of  his  erudition  and  experience  to  the  illustration  of  many 
iuferesting  points  connected  with  the  discovery  of  the  New  World 
and  the  personal  history  of  Columbus."— fi^iV-jf.  «/  the  Reign  of 
Ferd.  and  Isabella,  11th  ed.,  Bost.,  1850,  ii.  116-117,  n. 
Mr.  Prescott  remarks  in  the  text: 

'•  A  pi-oof  of  this  popular  belief  occurs  in  a  curious  passage  of 
the  Morgante  Maggiore  of  the  Florentine  poet  Puici,  a  man  of 
letters,  but  not  distinguished  for  scientific  attainments  beyond 
hi.':  d.iy.  The  passage  is  remarkable,  independently  of  the  cosmo- 
gr:ipbi<-,Hl  knowledge  it  implies,  foi-  its  allusion  to  pb^-nomena  ia 
1  physical  science  not  established  till  more  than  a  century  later. 


IRV 


TKV 


The  devil,  alluding  to  the  vulgar  supposition  respectiDg  the  Pillars 
of  Hercules,  thus  addresses  his  compiiniou  Rinaldo: 
*' '  Know  that  this  theory  is  false  :  bis  bark 
The  daring  mariner  shall  urge  Cir  o'er 
The  western  wave,  a  smooth  and  level  plain, 
Albeit  the  earth  is  fashioned  like  a  wheel. 
Man  was  in  ancient  days  of  grosser  mould, 
And  HeiTul>:-s  might  blush  to  learn  how  tar 
r.eyond  the  limits  he  bad  vainly  set 
The  dullest  sea-boat  soon  shall  wing  her  way. 
Men  shall  desci-y  another  hemisphere, 
Since  to  one  common  centre  all  things  tend; 
So  aarth.  by  curious  mystery  divine, 
■\Vell  balanced,  hangs  amid  the  starry  spheres. 
At  nur  Antipodes  are  cities.  statfS, 
And  thronged  empires,  ne'er  divined  of  yore. 
But  see.  the  Sun  speeds  on  his  western  path 
To  glad  the  nations  with  expected  light.' 

PuLCi :  Min-gante  Maggiorp,  canto  2.3.  st  229,  230." 
"I  have  used  blank  verse  [proceeds  Sir.  Piescott,  in  a  note]  as 
affording  facility  for  a  more  literal  version  than  the  corresponding 
ottava  riina  of  the  original.    This  passage  of  Pulcl,  which  has  not 
fallen  under  the  notice  of  Humboldt,  or  any  other  writer  on  the 
same  subject  whom  T  have  consult*-d.  affords  probably  the  most 
circumstantial  prediction  that  is  to  be  found  of  the  existence  of  a 
western  world.     Dante,  two  centuries  before,  had  intimated  more 
•vaguely  his  belief  in  an  undiscovered  quarter  of  the  globe: 
'De'  TOstri  sensi  ch'  h  del  rimanente, 
Non  Togliate  negar  I'esperienza, 
Diretro  al  sol,  del  nmndo  senza  gente.* 
Infernn,  cant.  26,  v.  WhP'—Ubi  supra.  117-118, 118,  n. 
"Wc  happen  to  hare  lying  on  our  table  a  notice  of  a 
work  which  should  not  be  neglected  by  the  collector  of 
American  History,   (a  large  class   among  our  friends  in 
Boston  and  New  York,)  and  which  we  observe  has  not 
escaped  the  researches  of  Mr.  Irving  (Hist,  of  Columbus) 
or  of  Mr.  Prescott,  {Hist,  of  Ferdinand  and  Isabella.)     It 
is  entitled   Kaccolta  del    Documento  Originate  e  inediti 
spettante  a  Cristoforo  Colombo  alia  Scoperta  ed  ol  Go- 
verno  dell'  America,  Genoa,  1823,  4to.      An    invaluable 
collection  of  authentic  remains,  letters,  memorials,  Ac.  of 
the  great  navigator,  with  a  learned  introduction  by  Prof. 
Spotorno. 

An  English  trans,  of  this  work  was  issued  in  the  same 
year  (1  vol.  Svo,  pp.  159  and  25o)  in  London.  A  notice 
of  this  cuUecdon  will  be  found  in  Rich's  Bibl.  Amer.  Nova, 
ii.  152, 155  ;  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  xviii.  415-417,  April.  1S24,  (by 
Jared  Sparks  j)  Ibid.,  xxi.  398-429,  Oct.  1825.  The  Colec- 
cion  delos  Viages  y  Descubrimientos  de  Don  Martin  Fernan- 
dez de  Navarrete,  Madrid,  1S25,  2  vols.  4to,  (3d  vol.,  1829, 
4to,)  to  which  we  have  already  referred,  will  of  course  be 
found  in  the  American  department  of  the  collector's  Library. 
Those  who  are  still  ignorant  of  the  value  of  this  treasury, 
and  the  eminent  services  of  its  erudite  compiler  to  the  im- 
portant cause  of  historical  research,  must  consult  Prcseott's 
Mexico,  23d  ed.,  1855,  Pref.,  vi.-vii. ;  his  Ferd.  and  Isa- 
bella. II  th  ed.,  1856,  Pref.,  v.,  and  vol.  ii.,  133-134,  507,  n.; 
his  Peru,  ed.  1855,  Pref.,  vi.-vii.,  vol.  ii.,  76;  Irving's  Co- 
lumbus and  his  Companions,  ed.  1848.  i.,  Pref.,  13-18,  iii., 
Introduc,  xv.  See  also  a  review  of  Navarrete's  Colec- 
cion, — written  by  Caleb  Cushing,  of  Massachusetts,  a  ripe 
scholar, — in  the  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  xxiv.  265-294,  April,  1827. 
'■Ilis  great  work,  Colecciou  de  los  Viages  y  Descubrimientos,'' 
remarks  Mr.  Prescott,  '"allhough  far  from  being  completed  after 
the  original  plan  of  its  author,  is  of  inestimaijle  service  to  the 
historian.*' — Peru,  iV-/.,  vii. 

Perhaps  we  have  already  lingered  sufficiently  long  on 
the   threshold  of   our  subject, — the   citation   of   opinions 
respecting   Irving's   History  of   Columbus;   but  we  must 
not  pass  on  without  commending  to  our  reader  a  notice  in 
theN.  Amer.  Rev.,  xliii.  43-52,  July,  1836,  (by  J.L.Kings- 
ley,)  of  the  Italian  Jesuit  Ubertino  Carrara's  Latin  epic  on 
the   Discovery  of  America,  entitled  Columbus,  first  pub. 
1715j  at  Rome.     The  poet  thus  announces  his  subject: 
*■'  Primus  ab  Europa,  Solis  qui  viserit  urnam, 
Perque  propbanatum  veils  mare,  maxima  regna 
Regibus  Ilispnnis,  orbemque  adjecerit  orbi, 
Sit  mihi  materies  operis." — Lib.  i.  1. 
"We  recently  cut  the  following  notice  from  some  paper 
of  the  day : 

*'  Chart  nf  Columbus. — An  old  picture-dealer  has  lately  sold  to 
the  Spanish  Government,  for  4000  fr..  the  chart  which  the  pilot  of 
Columbus,  Juan  de  la  Cossa,  used  in  his  voyage  to  the  New  ^Vorld. 
It  was  formerly  in  one  of  the  public  libraries  of  Spain ;  and,  when 
the  galleries  and  churches  of  that  country  were  ravaged  by  Mar- 
Bh.il  Soult,  it  fell  into  his  hands,  with  The  Conception,  by  iMurillo, 
and  various  other  spoils.'' 

In  the  adduction  of  opinions  respecting  the  manner  in 
which  Mr.  Irving  has  acquitted  himself  in  the  responsible 
office  of  the  biographer  of  the  Great  Admiral,  with  whom 
can  we  so  properly  begin  as  with  that  eminent  scholar  to 
whose  researches  Mr.  Irving  and  the  world  at  large  are 
so  much  indebted  for  all  that  we  knoic  of  the  illustrious 
Genoese?  And  here  we  are  greatly  pleased  in  being  able 
to  quote  in  evidence  the  most  unqualified  commendation 


of  Mr.  Irving's  labours,  which  eulogy  we  are  the  more 
rejoiced  to  find  from  the  certainty  that  if  the  opinion 
made  as  much  against,  as  it  fortunately  dues  for.  the  his- 
torian's reputation,  it  would  not  be  withheld  from  our 
readers.  Our  duty  is  neither  to  bury  Cjesars  nor  to  praise 
them,  but  rather  to  faithfully  chronicle  the  recorded  de- 
cisions of  the  great  judges  of  literary  jurisprudence.  M. 
Navarrete  may  well  be  supposed  to  have  entertained  a 
natural  anxiety  that  the  cojiious  collections  for  the  illus- 
tration of  the  Life  of  Columbus  which  he  had  brought 
together,  at  the  price  of  so  many  days  and  nights  of  per- 
severing industry  and  careful  research,  should  be  faithfully 
made  known  to  those  who  could  only  enjoy  them  in  an 
English  dress.  Indeed,  as  we  have  seen  in  a  preceding 
page,  nothing  more  was  originally  contemplated  by  Mr. 
Everett  than  a  translation  by  Irving  of  Navarrete's  Collec- 
cion.  But.  fortunately  for  the  cause  of  letters,  Mr.  Irving 
determined  upon  a  more  comprehensive  undertaking  : 

"On  considering  the  matter  more  maturely,  [he  remarks,]  I  per- 
ceived that,  although  there  were  many  books,  in  various  languages, 
relative  to  Columbus,  they  all  contained  limited  and  inromplete 
accounts  of  his  life  and  voyages;  while  numerous  valuable  tracts 
on  the  subject  existed  only  in  manuscript  or  in  the  form  nf  letters, 
journals,  and  public  muniments.  It  appeared  to  me  that  a  his- 
tory faithfully  digested  from  these  various  materials  was  a  deside- 
ratum in  literature,  and  would  Ije  a  more  satisfactory  occupation 
to  myself,  and  a  more  acceptable  work  to  my  country,  than  the 
translation  I  had  contemplated."— Madrid,  1S27  :  Pre/,  to  1st  edit. 
Life  of  Chlumbits. 

The  work  was  completed,  and  this  decisive  seal  to  its 
excellence  was  impressed  by  the  learned  Navarrete  him- 
self: 

'•  Yo  me  complazco  en  que  los  documentos  y  noticia.s  que  public6 
en  mi  colecciou  sobre  los  primeros  aeon  tec imientos  de  la  historia 
de  America  hayan  recaido  en  manos  tan  habiles  para  apreciar  su 
autenticidad.  para  examinarlas  con  critica,  y  propagarlas  por  tudoa 
partes,  echaudo  los  fundanientos  de  la  verdad  que  hasta  ahora  h& 
sido  tan  adulterada  por  los  escritores  parciales  6  sistem&ticos." — 
From  a  letttr  dated  Madrid,  April  1.  1S31. 

The  same  distinguished  authority,  in  the  Introduction 
to  the  3d  vol.  of  his  Collection  of  Spanish  Voyages,  after 
adducing  a  number  of  testimonials  to  the  usefulness  of  the 
two  first  vols.,  {1825,  4to,)  remarks  : 

"■  Insigne  prueba  de  esto  mismo  acaba  de  damos  el  SeHor  Wash- 
ington Irving  en  la  Historia  de  la  Vida  y  de  los  Yiages  de  Cristobal 
Colon  rjue  ha  pnblicado  con  una  aceptacion  tan  general  como  bieu 
merecida.  Digimos  en  nuestra  introduccion  (1,^56.  pag.  Ixxxii.) 
(^ue  no  nos  proponiamos  escribir  la  historia  de  aquel  almirante, 
sino  publicar  noticias  y  materiales  para  que  se  escribiese  con  vera- 
cidad.  y  es  una  fortuna  que  el  primero  que  se  haya  aprovechado 
deellas  sea  unliterato  juiciosoy  ertidito,  conocidoyaen  su  patriay 
en  Europa  por  otras  obras  apreciables.  Colocado  en  Madrid,  esento  de 
las  rivalidades  que  ban  dominadoentrealgunas  naciones  Europeas 
sobre  Colon  y  sus  descubrimientos;  con  la  proporcion  deexaminar 
e.\celentes  libros  y  preciosos  manuscritos,  de  tratar  k  personas  in- 
struidas  en  estas  materias,  y  teniendo  siempre  k  la  mano  los  auten- 
ticos  documentos  que  acabamos  de  publicar,  ha  logrado  dar  k  su 
historia  aquella  extension,  imparcialidad,  y  exactitud  que  la  hacen 
muy  superior  A  las  de  los  escritores  que  le  precedieron.  Agr^gase 
fi,esto.  su  metodico,  arreglo,  y  conveniente  distribucion ;  su  estilo 
animado,  puro,  y  elegante  ;  la  notii-ia  de  varias  personages  que  in- 
tervenieron  de  los  sucesos  de  Colon,  y  el  ex&men  de  varias  cues- 
tiones  en  que  luce  siempre  la  mas  sana  critica.  la  erudicion  y  buen 
gusto." — Proloijo  al  tomo  iii.,  Madrid,  1829,  4to. 

It  is  proper  that  we  should  next  quote  the  verdict  of 
Mr.  Alexander  H.  Everett, — so  intimately  connected  with 
the  inception  of  this  great  enterprise^ — one  of  the  ripest 
scholars  that  America  has  yet  produced,  and  a  critic  of 
too  much  candour  to  permit  his  own  interest  in  the  work 
or  bis  friendship  for  the  author  to  either  influence  his 
judgment  or  qualify  its  expression  : 

"This  is  one  of  those  works  which  are  at  the  same  time  the 
delight  of  readers  and  the  despair  of  critics.  It  is  as  nearly  pei"- 
fect  as  any  work  well  can  be;  and  there  is  therefore  lilile  or 
nothing  left  for  the  reviewer  ttut  to  write  at  the  bottom  of  every 
page,  as  Voltaire  said  he  should  be  obliged  to  do  if  he  published 
a  commentiiry  on  Racine,  Pulchre!  bene!  optime!  .  .  .  lie  has  at 
length  tilled  up  the  void  that  before  existed,  in  this  respect,  in  the 
literature  of  the  world,  and  produced  a  work  which  will  fully 
satisfy  the  public  and  supersede  the  necessity  of  any  future 
labours  in  the  same  field.  While  we  venture  to  predict  that  the 
adventures  of  Columbus  will  hereafter  be  read  only  in  the  work 
of  Mr.  Irving,  we  cannot  but  think  it  a  beautiful  coincidence 
that  the  task  of  duly  celebrating  the  achievements  of  the  disco- 
verer of  our  continent  should  have  been  reserved  for  one  of  its 
inhabitants;  and  that  the  earliest  professed  author  of  lirst-rate 
talent  who  appeared  among  us  should  have  devoted  one  of  his 
most  important  and  finished  works  to  this  pious  purpose. 
'  Such  honors  llion  to  her  hero  paid, 
And  peaceful  slept  the  mighty  Hector's  shade.' 
For  the  particular  kind  of  historical  writing  in  which  Mr.  Irving 
is  litted  to  labor  and  excel,  the  Life  of  Columbus  is  undoubtedly 
one  of  the  very  best — perhaps  we  might  say,  without  the  fear  of 
mistake,  the  very  best — subject  afforded  by  the  annals  of  the  world. 
...  In  treating  this  happy  and  splendid  subject,  Mr.  Irving  has 
brought  out  the  full  force  of  his  genius,  as  far  as  a  just  regard  for 
the  principles  of  historical  writing  would  admit." — jY.  Ariier.  Rtv.. 
xxviii.  103,  128,  129.  J.an.  1829. 

The  verdict  of  the  brilliant  historian  of  the  Reign  of 


IRV 

Ferdinand  and  Isabella— who  has  so  greatly  distinguished 
himselt  by  his  researches  in  the  same  field  of  historical 
investigation  as  that  in  which  Mr.  Irving  gleaned  so 
abundant  a  harvest— must  have  been  awaited  by  the  latter 
with  no  little  anxiety.  In  a  notice  of  the  publication  of 
the  Coleccion  of  Sefior  Navarrete,  to  which  we  have  fre- 
quently referred,  Mr.  Prescott  remarks  : 

'■  Fortunately,  iMr  Irving's  visit  to  Spain  at  (bis  period  enabled 
the  world  to  derive  the  full  benefit  of  Senor  Navarrete's  researches, 
by  presenting  their  results  in  connexion  with  whatever  had  been 
before  known  of  Columbus,  iu  the  lucid  and  attractive  form  which 
engages  the  interest  of  every  reader.  It  would  seem  highly  proper 
that  the  fortunes  of  the  discoverer  of  America  should  engage  the 
pen  of  an  mh.abitant  of  her  most  favoured  and  enlightened  legion  ■ 
and  it  IS  unnecessary  to  add,  that  the  task  has  been  executed  in 
a  manner  which  must  secure  to  the  historian  a  share  in  the  im- 

K™''.?'''^ '■'""'"■'  °f  l^'S  subject."— i?«-(i.  a7id /satcKa,  llth  ed. 
loob,  11,  loo, 

••  It  is  not  necessary  to  pursue  the  track  of  the  illustrious  vova- 
ger  whose  career,  forming  the  most  brilliant  episode  to  the  history 
of  the  present  reign,  has  been  so  recently  traced  by  a  hand  which 
few  Wlh  eare  to  follow.'— 7fc«.,  ii.  465-166.     See  also  4S2-4S3   n 
..  J^""  noblest  monument  to  the  memory  of  Columbus  "—hid 
11. 509.  '^ 

"I  will  only  remark,  in  conclusion  of  this  ton  prolix  discussion 
about  myself,  that  while  making  my  tortoise-like  progress,  I  saw 
what  1  had  fondly  looked  upon  as  my  own  ground  (having  indeed 
lain  unmolested  by  any  other  invader  for  so  many  ages)  suddeulv 
entered  and  m  part  occupied,  by  one  of  my  countrymen.  I  allude 
to  Mr.  Irving  s  History  of  Columbus  and  Chronicle  of  Granada; 
the  subjects  of  which,  although  covering  but  a  small  part  of  mv 
who  e  plan,  form  certainly  two  of  its  most  brilliant  portions.  Now, 
alas.  If  not  devoid  of  interest,  they  are  at  least  stripped  of  the 
charm  of  novelty  For  what  eye  has  not  been  attr,acted  to  the 
spot  OT  w^hich  the  light  of  that  writer's  genius  has  fallen  V'-Ihid., 

In  his  Preface  to  the  History  of  the  Conquest  of  Mexico, 
Mr.  Prescott,  referring  to  the  passage  just  quoted,  notices 
It  as  a  singular  chance,"  that,  after  collecting  the  mate- 
rials for  his  last-named  work,  he  found  himself  "uncon- 
sciously taking  up  ground  which  Mr.  Irving  was  preparing 
to  occupy.  But  we  have  already  noticed  this  fact  in  our 
Lile  ot  Charles  James  Fox,  p.  624  of  this  Dictionary,  to 
which  the  reader  is  referred.  We  had  intended  to  quote 
ether  comments  of  Mr.  Prescott's  upon  Irving's  History 
of  Columbus,  but,  as  our  article  .already  lengthens  beyond 
our  intended  limits,  we  must  be  content  to  refer  the  reader 
to  the  Preface  to  Mexico,  ix.,  x. ;  Ibid.,  iii.  252,  n. ;  Pres- 
cott s  review  of  Irving's  Chronicle  of  the  Conquest  of 
trranada,  m  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  xxix.  293-314,  Oct.  1S29  See 
also  W.  H.  Gardiner's  review  of  Prescott's  Ferd.  .and  Isa- 
bella, in  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  xlvi.  203-291,  Jan.  1838,— Pres- 
cott and  Irving  Compared,  Ac. 

We  proceed  with  our  quotations;  but  they  must  be  brief: 
*■  ■  \"'„°'\  *'"'  ''''°'<'  ""■  excellent  book;  and  we  venture  to 
anticipate  bat  t  will  be  an  enduring  one.  Neither  do  we  ha/a,^ 
this  prediction  lightly,  or  without  a  full  consciousness  of  all  it  im- 
plies. .  .  .  lor  we  mean,  not  merely  that  the  book  will  be  familiarly 
known  and  referred  to  some  twenty  or  thirty  years  hence,  and  will 
pass  in  solid  binding  into  every  considerable  collection  ;'but  that 
It  will  supersede  all  former  works  on  the  same  subject,  and  never 
Sept  l's2s'"'""''  ""  *"=^™'^>^-  -S"'™-  -R™.,  ilviii.  1-32' 

tnl.'S'Jf''?  ?'';*"?  ^^i  ^'^^V  "'■  Columbus,  you  see  him  weigh- 
i,^S,1^H  -/k  «'  '°  "'''  '™''^"  "f "  eoMen  criticism.  You  behold 
him  laden  with  the  manuscript  treasures  of  well-searched  archives 
and  disposing  the  heterogeneous  materials  into  a  well-digested  and 
JutyTS  ''^'■'■^''™'  -J5""'^i'  EvuEETi;  N.  Amer.  Eev.,  A  5, 

'•This  work  is  written  with  the  attractions  of  style  and  taste 
?hi,''  ■h*,*'vI"'P"""'  ^^''"^  '^''■""K  t°  '•■'^  inspiration  of  the 
CELroE'lENT  *=""'"'  °^  ""=  <"'^"»e"ished  aSthor."-CHAN. 

"A  life  of  Columbus  authentic,  clear,  and  animated  in  narra- 
tion, graphic  in  Its  descriptive  episodes,  and  sust^iined  and  finished 
m  style.  It  IS  a  permanent  contribution  to  English  as  well  as 
American  litera  ure;  one  which  was  greatly  needed  and  most  ap- 
propriately  suppIied."-HsNRY  T.  Tuckerman  ;  Sketch  of  Amer  Li( 
!5i.nce  I  have  been  here,  I  have  contrived  (by  reading  a  half- 
hour  in  the  night  .and  a  half-hour  in  the  morning)  to  peruse  the 
whole  of  Irving's  Life  of  Columbus,  in  three  volumes.    lUs  qniti 

?i  -i  ^r,l  "^  ^"'t  "■"."S'^  '  "^'''''  '°°  ■"■^"1'  spread  ""t  by  repiv 
tition  of  the  same  thoughts  and  descriptions.  It  is  in  all  respects, 
however  reputable  to  the  literature  of  our  country."-J™GE 
Stokt  ;  LeUcr  to  Wm.  W.  Slor,j,  Washington,  Feb.  21,  1836 

Judge  Story's  comment  reminds  us  of  a  similar  one 
recorded  by  Tom  Moore,  and  Cooper's  ready  retort  ■ 

When  Kogers  in  talking  of  Washington  Irving's  Columbus, 
said,  in  his  dry,  significant  way.  ■  It's  rather  long,'  Cooper  turned 
ronnd  on  him,  and  said,  sharply,  'That's  a  s&  criticism.' »- 
Moorp's  Duiry,  May  27,  1828.  mi-ioiii. 

T,!',-?"''!" °  mentioned  the  enormous  price  given  by  Murray  for 
Irving  s  two  last  works ;  SOOO  guineas  for  Columbus,  and  20001.  for 

itin'-ii;;;?.!  5'u!;''i6,l82v""' ''""  °°™'  "'^'^'  "^^  '''^- »°  ^^" 

h.tf  I'Vi,'"'^  that  for  Murray  (according  to  his  own  account)  they 
have  not  been  so  fortunate ;  his  loss  on  the  two  publications  being 

the  Chnont'l^T  ^"""'-l  "■;'*  °*y  "»'  ^^  S'--  f™»  'he  truth,  a1 
tne  Chronicles  have  not  sold  at  .all."— /4,d..  Nov   12  18'^ 

By  thyccessiou  of  his  volumes,  we  have  now  the  biography 


IRV 

■  of  Columbus;  as  by  Robertson's  [History  of  America]  we  before 
had.'and  still  have,  the  history.  Mr.  Irving's  has  been  to  me  a  very 
interesting  production,  sometimes  marked  with  passages  of  great 
force  and  beauty ;  and  it  conbaiiis  every  thing  respecting  Columbus 
that  can  be  wanted.  He  has  had  valuable  sources  of  information, 
which  he  describes,  and  which  were  not  within  the  reach  of  Ro- 

i  bertson.  Still,  bis  volumes  only  show,  as  usual,  the  merits  of 
Robertson.  Upon  looking  over  the  historian's  account  once  more, 
I  see  no  mistakes,  and  no  mateiial  omissions :  in  a  concise  and 
calm  manner  every  particular  of  importance  is  intimated  to  the 
reader;  and  Mr.  Irving  has  only  told  in  the  detail  (but  in  a  very 
interesting  and  agreeable  manner,  and  I  recommend  his  volumes 
to  you)  what  our  excellent  historian  had  told  before."— Prof. 
Svuith's  Lecls.  on  Mod.  Hid. 

There  is  another  comparison  between  Robertson  and 
Irving  which  it  occurs  to  us  to  quote.  It  is  one  drawn 
by  Lord  Brougham  in  his  Life  of  Dr.  Robertson,  and 
elicited  by  the  account  of  the  latter,  in  his  History  of 
America,  of  the  first  discovery  of  land  by  Columbus : 

"If  the  word  dramatic,"  remarks  his  lordship,  "  has  been  applied 
to  this  narrative,  it  has  been  advisedly  chosen;  because  no  one 
can  doubt  that  with  the  most  scrupulous  regard  to  the  truth  and 
even  to  the  minute  accuracy  of  his  history,  this  composition  has 
all  the  beauties  of  a  striking  poem.  To  judge  of  its  merits  in  this 
''f  S"  - '/  "'"  °ot  compare  or  rather  contrast  it  with  the  Histories 
01  Oviedo  or  Herrera,  or  Ferdinand  Columbus,  or  even  with  the 
lar  better  composition  of  Dr.  Campbell,  or  whoever  wrote  the  his. 
tory  of  the  discovery  in  Harris's  Bibliotheca  Itinerarium,  nor  vet 
with  the  ambitious  but  worse-written  narrative  of  Mr.  Washih^'- 
ton  Irving  in  bis  Life  and  Vo.vages  of  Columbus."  4c.  ° 

The  noble  critic  then  proceeds  (in  a  note)  to  quote  ex- 
amples from  both  writers : 

"  It  is  no  part  of  my  intention  to  underrate  the  merits  of  this 
very  popular  author :  but  I  speak  of  the  manner  in  which  ho  has 
treated  the  subject;  and,  coming  after  so  great  a  master,  it  was 
not  judicious  in  him  to  try  for  effect,  instead  of  studying  the 
chaste  simplicity  of  his  predecessor.  These  are  a  few  of  his  ex- 
pressions :  The  .ships 'were  ploughing  the  waves;'  Columbus  was 
'wranneii  m   t.hp  clinH.ic  of  ,ii..K+.»    1,^  , — .....„;„.,  .    . 


— "  ■  .^"■-, -^"'i'-  "etc  ^,.-.uf;uiug  ine  waves;-  uoiumouswas 
wrapped  in  the  shades  of  night:'  he  'maintained  an  intense 
watch ;  he  '  ranged  his  eye  along  the  duskv  horizon  ;'  he  beheld 
'  suddenly  a  glimmeriug  light,'  Robertson  had  never  thought  of 
^'.jT"'  '';i'?'^^"'j'',''.*  knowing  that  light  must  of  necessity  be 
sudden.  Then  the  light  b.as  'p.assing  gleams;'  his  feelings  'must 
have  been  tumultuous  and  intense;'  contrarv  to  the  fact,  and  to 
the  character  of  the  man;  'the  great  mystery  of  the  ocean  was 
revealed;  'what  a  bewildering  crowd  of  conjectures  thronged  on 
his  nimd!  All  this  speculation  of  the  writer  to  insure  the  effect, 
Dr.  Robertson  rejects  as  fatal  to  effect,  and  gives  only  what  actually 
happened.  Finally,  he  was  possibly  to  find  '  the  morning  dawn 
upon  spicy  groves,  and  glittering  fanes,  and  gilded  cities.'  Surelv 
no  one  can  hesitate  which  of  the  two  pictures  to  prefer.  If  the 
one  IS  not  absolutely  tawdry,  the  other  is  assuredly  more  chaste. 
To  compare  the  two  pieces  of  workmanship  is  a  good  lesson,  and 
may  tend  to  cure  a  vitiated  taste,  (Book  iii.  Chap.  3.)  To  take  only 
one  instance:  'About  two  hours  before  midnight,  Columbus, 
standing  on  the  forecastle,  observed  a  light  at  a  distance,  and 
privately  pointed  it  out  to  Pedro,' ,!:o.  Thus  Robertson.  Irvine 
says,  '^^  rapped  from  observation  in  the  shades  of  night,  he  main- 
tained an  intense  and  unremitting  watch,  ranging  his  eve  along 
the  dusky  horizon.  Suddenly,  about  ten  o'clock,  he  th6u"ht  hi 
u-  u  ^  l','^\  glimmering  at  a  distance.'  Can  any  one  doubt 
which  of  the  two  passages  is  the  most  striking,— the  chaste  and 
severe,  or  the  ornamented  and  gaudy  and  meretricious?  The 
account  of  Robertson  makes  the  ships  lie-to  all  night.  Irvinsr 
either  makes  them  lie-to,  and  afterwards  go  on  sailing  rapidlvl 
or  the  lying-to  was  the  night  before,  and  they  sailed  quicker  the 
nearer  they  came  to  land  and  in  the  dusk.  The  one  makes  them 
only  see  tbe  shore  .after  dawn;  the  other  makes  them  see  it  two 
eagues  off,  in  a  dark  night,  at  two  in  tbe  morning,  within  the 
tropics,  --lirra  0/  Mm  „f  Letters  of  the  Time  of  George  III.,  Lon. 

in  the  Boston  Christian  Review,  xv.  203. 

See  also  Lon.  Month.  Rev.,  exr.  419,  cxxiv.  244  •  Lon 
Lit.  Gaz.,  1828,  65-67  ;  Amer.  Quar.  Rev.,  iii.  173,  ix  163- 
bouth.  Rev.,  ii  1,  vii.  214;  South.  Lit.  Mess.,  vi.  569  | 
Phila  Mus.  of  For.  Lit.,  xiii.  23,  from  Lon.  Weekly  Rev. 

.Vo?'"'""'''^    "^    ™^    CCNQOEST    OF    GrANADA;    FROM 

THE  MSS.  OF  Frav  Antonio  Agapida,  1829. 

Perhaps  we  need  hardly  inform  our  readers  that  the 
worthy  chronicler  Fray  is  an  imaginary  personage. 

'Mr  Irving's  late  publication,  the  Chronicle  of  the  Conquest  of 
Granada,  has  superseded  all  further  necesssitv  for  poetrv,  .and  un- 
fortunately for  me,  for  history.  He  has  fnlfy  availed  himseif  of 
eri  ■  .tl  fK"'''"''T  »•"!  '""^"*'°S  njo^efients  of  this  romantic 
Chronicle  with  the  present  more  prosaic  and  literal  narrative 
[fl  ar  of  Gnanada,  in  Ferd.  and  Isabella]  will  see  bow  little  he  h.,3 

Wm  5^  ;„I  -f  "i  ™'r  "''  ■?™''">"'^  dress  of  his  work  has  enabled 
him  to  make  it  tbe  medium  for  reliecling  more  vividly  tbe  floating 
opinions  and  chimerical  fancies  of  the  age,  while  be  has  ilium? 
nated  the  picture  with  the  dramatic  brilliancy  of  colouring  denied 
win"'  '"^"'"■y-  -''^'■«'=<'"  s  J'^'-d.  and  Isabella,  Uth  ed.,  1S66,  a 
And  see  Mr.  Prescott's  review  of  the  Chronicle,  in  N. 
88-l'22        ■'  ^^''''  ^^^"^"  '■  "''"  '°  ^'^  Miscellanies,  1865, 

far  more  light  (than  Robertson's  Charles  V.  and  Watson's  Philip 
li.j  on  the  interior  organization  and  intellectual  culture  of  the 
Spanish  nation.  Such,  for  example,  are  the  writings  of  Irvine, 
whose  gorgeous  colouring  reflects  so  clearly  the  chivalrous  spleu- 


donrs  of  the  fifteenth  century."— J!)M.,  Miscett.,  125-126,  q.  v. ; 
(trom  N.  Anier.  Itev..  July,  1S37.) 

Since  Mr.  Presoott's  commendation  was  penned,  tbe 
Chronicle  has  been  brought  more  strictly  within  historical 
bounds,  and  in  other  respects  al.'O  greatly  improved. 

"  His  Chronicle,  at  times,  we.irs  almost  the  air  of  romance ;  yet 
the  stoiT  is  authenticated  bv  fre.iuent  reference  to  existing  docu- 
ments, proving  that  he  has  substantial  foundation  for  his  most 
extraordinarvlncidents." — Lm.  CJiiar.  l^cv.,  xliii.  Oo-SO. 

This  article,  explanatory  of  the  work,  and  carefully 
avoiding  commendation,  was  written  for  the  Quarterly  by 
Mr.  Irving,  at  the  request  of  Mr.  John  Murray.  See  also 
Lon.  Month.  Rev.,  cxix.  430;  Amer.  Month.  Eev.,  v.  190; 
Lon.  Lit.  Gaz.,  1S29,  329. 

8.  Voyages  of  the  Companions  of  Coldmbcs,  1831. 
See  Lon.  Month.  Rev.,  N.  S.,  xvi.  244  ;  Lon.  Gent.  Mag., 

1831,  Pt.  1,  143;  Presoott's  Conq.  of  Peru,  ed.  1855,  i. 
198,  n. 

9.  The  Alhambra,  1832. 

"  On  the  whole,  we  consider  the  work  before  us  as  equal  in  lite- 
rary value  to  any  of  the  others  of  the  same  class,  with  the  excep- 
tion of  The  Sketch-Book;  and  we  should  not  be  surprised  if  it 
were  read  as  extensively  as  even  that  very  popular  production. 
We  hope  to  h.ave  it  in  our  power,  at  no  remote  period,  to  announce 
a  continuation  of  the  series,  which  we  are  s:itisfled  will  bear,  in 
the  booksellers'  phrase,  several  more  volumes."— EowiBD  Everett: 
N.  Am)^r.  Rev.  xxxv.  265-282,  Oct.  1S32. 

A  very  suggestive  remark  occurs  in  the  course  of  this 
review,  "which  we  quote  with  the  hope  that  it  will  bring 
forth  fruit  ia  its  season  : 

"The  period  of  the  Moorish  ascendency  is,  perhaps,  the  niost 
interesting  in  the  annals  of  Spain,  and  would  furnish  a  fit  subject 
for  a  more  methodical,  extensive,  and  elaborate  historical  descrip- 
tion than  has  yet  been  given  of  it  in  any  lan:^uage,*' 

Since  the  .above  was  written,  Mr,  Prescott,  indeed,  has 
given  us  his  truly  great  work  on  tho  Reign  of  Ferdinand 
and  Isabella,  iu  which  we  have  a  graphic  account  of  the 
decadence — or,  more  properly  speaking,  the  extirpation — 
of  the  Moorish  power  in  Spain;  and  he  has  not  neglected 
eloquently  to  dilate  upon  the  ancient  glories  of  Cordova, 
Seville,  and  Granada  in  their  best  estate;  but  it  did  not 
enter  into  his  plan  to  discuss  this  comprehensive  theme 
in  the  extent  which  can  alone  do  it  justice.  With  the 
vast  collections  which  he  has  already  made,  the  profound 
knowledge  of  the  subject  which  the  digestion  of  those 
materials  has  conferred,  and  the  eloquence  and  force  of 
his  historic  pen,  what  better  subject  can  Mr,  Prescott  have 
than  the  one  we  have  ventured  to  suggest?  But,  before 
we  entirely  forget  Mr.  Irving  iu  this  episode,  we  must 
remember  to  notice  that,  whilst  Mr.  Everett  ranks  The  Al- 
hambra below  The  Sketch-Book,  Mr.  Prescott  very  happily 
refers  to  the  volume  as  the  "beautiful  Spanish  Sketch- 
book, The  Alhambra."  See  Ferd.  and  Isabella,  11th  ed., 
1856.  ii.  100,  n.  See  other  reviews  of  The  Alhambra,  in 
the  Westminster  Rev.,  xvii.  132  ;  Lon.  Athen.,  1832,  2S3; 
Amer.  Month.  Rev.,  ii.  117.  We  must  commend  to  the 
attention  of  those  fond  of  the  remains  of  ^Moorish  anti- 
quity, the  splendid  publication  of  Owen  Jones,  1842-45, 
2  vols.  fol.  Columbia,  £24,  or  in  grand  eagle  fob,  £36, 
entitled  Illustrations  of  the  Palace  of  the  Alhambra. 

Doubtless  the  reader  of  Mr.  Irving's  thrilling  account 
of  his  midnight  explorations  of  tho  Alhambra  has  often 
asked  himself.  "How  much  of  this  is  sober  matter  of  fact. 
and  how  much  poetical  license  ?"  We  are  fortunately  en- 
abled to  answer  this  question  from  a  letter  of  Mr.  Irving 
to  the  author  of  this  Dictionary  : 

"The  account  of  my  midnight  rambles  about  the  old  palace^  is 
literally  true,  yet  gives  but  a  feeble  idea  of  my  feelings  and  im- 
jiressions  and  of  the  singular  haunts  I  was  exploring.  Every  thing 
in  the  work  relating  to  myself  and  to  the  actual  iDb.abitauts  of  the 
Alhambra  is  unexaggerated  fact :  it  was  only  in  the  legends  that 
I  indulged  in  romancing;  and  these  were  founded  on  materials 
picked  up  about  the  place. 

"To  S.  Austin  Allibone.  Sunnyeide,  Nov.  2, 1857. 

10.  A  TODR  ON  THE  Prairies,  1835. 

"To  wh,at  class  of  compositions  the  present  work  belongs  we  are 
hardly  able  to  s.ay.  It  can  scarcely  be  called  a  book  of  travels,  for 
thereis  too  much  painting  of  manners  and  scenery,  and  too  little 
statistics;  it  is  not  a  novel,  for  there  is  no  story;  and  it  is  not  a 
romance,  for  it  is  all  true.  It  is  a  sort  of  sentimental  journey,  a 
romantic  excursion,  in  which  nearly  all  the  elements  of  several 
differeut  kinds  of  writing  are  beautifully  aud  gaily  blended  into 
a  production  almost  sui  f/t'neris.  ,  ,  ,  We  are  not  sure  that  the  pas- 
sage in  the  book  which  we  have  read  with  greatest  satisfaction  is 
not  that  in  which  we  are  promised  its  continuation." — Edwabd 
Everett  ;  A^.  Amer.  /fee,  x!i.  1-28,  July,  1835. 

See  also  Dubl.  Univ.  Mag.,  v.  555 ;  and  see  reviews  of 
The  Crayon  Miscellany,  in  South.  Lit.  Mess.,  i.  646; 
South.  Lit.  Jour.,  i.  8. 

11.  Astoria,  Lon.,  1836,  3  vols.  cr.  8vo ;  Phila.,  1836, 
2  vols.  8vo.  See  Rich's  Bibb  Amer.  Nova,  ii.  2S3.  In 
French,  trans,  by  P.  N.  Grolier,  1839,  2  vols.  Svo. 

"The  whole  work  bears  the  impress  of  Mr.  Irving's  taste.    A 


IRV 

great  variety  of  somewhat  discordant  materials  is  brought  into  a 
consistent  whole,  of  which  the  parts  have  a  due  reterence  to  each 
other;  and  some  sketches  of  life  and  traits  of  humour  come  liesh 
from  the  pen  of  Oeoffrev  Crayon."— Edward  Everett  :  JV.  Amer. 
Jin:,  xliv.  200-237,  Jan.  1837. 

"  I  have  read  Astoria  with  great  pleasure:  it  is  a  book  to  put  in 
your  library,  as  an  entertaining,  well-written — very  well-written 

account  of  savage  life,  on  a  most  extensive  scale.     Ellice.  who 

has  just  come  from  America,  says  Mr.  -istor  is  worth  £5.000,000 
sterling;  but  Baring  does  not  believe  it,  or  is  jealous  perhaps,"— - 
Bei'.  Siidney  Smith  to  Sir  Gmrge  rliilips,  Combe  Foley,  Dec.  22, 
IS36:  'SmWi's  Letters  and  Ci>rresp.,'iSib,\o\.ii. 

"The  narrative,  though  told  with  the  grace  of  the  writer,  is 
necessarily  ir\-."—Blachw.  Mag.,  xli,  103,  Feb.  1837,  q.  i'. 

We  must  not  omit  to  quote  the  following  well-merited 
tribute  to  a  gentleman  who,  by  his  extensive  circulation 
of  sound  literature  for  many  years  both  in  Europe  and 
America,  has  honestly  earned  the  title  of  a  benefactor  to 
the  public  mind.  AVe  refer  to  Mr.  Irving's  friend  and 
publisher,  Mr.  George  P.  Putnam,  of  New  York  : 

"  We  notice  Astoria  and  the  Tour  on  the  Prairies  now,  only  on 
account  of  their  connection  with  our  subject,  and  to  commend  the 
Uaste  and  enterprise  of  tho  publisher  who  has  given  to  the  read- 
in"  world  what  has  long  been  wanted,— a  neat  and  uniform  edition 
of 'all  the  writings  of  Mr.  Irving,  at  a  price  which  ought  to  obtain 
for  them  a  wide  circulation.  These  two  works,  which  have  all  the 
pleasing  characteristics  of  the  author's  style,  appear  very  season- 
ably in  a  new  edition."— Prof,  Francis  Bowen  :  Adrentures  on  the 
Prairies,  in  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  Ixix.  175-196,  July,  1819. 

We  have  not  the  slightest  iuterest  in  the  gams  or  losses 
of  Mr.  Putnam's  copy-rights,  but  we  have  much  in  the 
moral  and  intellectual  cultivation  of  the  mind  and  heart 
of  our  countrymen  and  countrywomen,  and  therefore,  as 
Lord  Chesterfield  s.aid  of  the  witty  scintillations  of  the 
Dean  of  St.  Patrick's,  "  He  that  hath  any  books  in  the 
three  kingdoms  hath  those  of  Swift,"  so  say  we.  He  that 
hath  any  books  in  this  great  republic  should  have  those  of 
Irving.  As  for  those  who  have  no  books, — if  any  such 
there  be,— in  that  household  you  may  look  for  enuni, 
mental  and  physical  languor,  gossiping,  dissipation,  and 
"  every  evil  work."  As  Sancho  Pan/.a  conferred  his 
hearty  benediction  upon  the  philanthropic  inventor  of 
sleep,  so  do  we  cordially  revere  the  character  of  the  lite- 
rary Howard  who  founded  the  first  family  library.  Of 
Sancho's  favourite  recreation  he  could  only  say.  in  the 
height  of  his  somniferous  prean,  that  it  "covered  a  man 
like  a  mantle  ;"  but  of  good  books  we  can  testify  that  they 
nurture  the  soul  with  the  food  of  angels. 

But  "  to  proceed  with  our  subject,"  as  the  divines  say, 
which  has  "  naturally  divided  itself"  into  a  hydra-headed 
discourse :  other  reviews  of  Astoria  will  be  found  in  the 
Westminster  Rev.,  xxvi.  318;  Amer.  Quar.  Rev.,  xxi.  60; 
South.  Lit.  Mess.,  iii.  59.  See  also  Fr.anchere's  Narrative 
of  a  Voyage  to  the  Northwest  Coast  of  America,  in  1811- 
14,  trans,  into  English  by  J.  V.  Huntingdon,  N.  York, 
1854, 12mo.  This  work  contains  comments  upon  some  of 
the  statements  in  Irving's  Astoria. 

12.  The  Adventures  of  Captain  Bonneville,  Lon. 
and  Phila..  1837,  2  vols.  12mo. 

"  Washington  Irving,  after  gleaning  the  romance  of  Europe,  is 
now  indefatigably  labouring  at  the  romanceof  America."— iifacAio. 
Hag.,  xlii,  64-67,  July,  1837. 

"These  volumes  ate  full  of  exciting  incident,  and,  by  reason  of 
Mr.  living's  fine  taste  and  attractive  style,  they  possess  the  power 
and  the  charms  of  romance." — Chance'lloe  Kent. 

13.  Oliver  Goldsmith  :  A  Biography,  N.  York,  1849, 
12iuo.  This  work  we  have  already  noticed  in  our  Lives 
of  John  Forster  and  Oliver  Goldsmith,  in  this  Dic- 
tionary.    See  also  Lon.  Athen.,  1849,  1151-1152. 

14.  Mahosiet  and  his  Successors,  1850,  2  vols.  12mo. 
See  N.  Amer.  Rev..  Ixxi.  273  ;  N.  Y'ork  Church  Rev.,  iiL 
401 ;  South.  Quar.  Rev.,  xx.  173. 

15.  Wolfert's  Roost,  1855,  12mo.  This  vol  forms 
No.  4  of  Constable's  Miscellany  of  Foreign  Literature, 
pub.  at  Edinburgh.  The  publication  of  this  vol.  elicited 
so  many  complimentary  notices,  that  the  New  York  pub- 
lishers, Messrs,  Geo.  P.  Putnam  &  Co.,  issued  a  collection 
of  them  in  pamphlet  form  of  24  pages.  This  little  bro- 
chure should  accompany  every  set  of  Irving's  works.  We 
give  an  extract  from  a  notice  which  has  escaped  the  vigi- 
lance of  the  publisher: 

"  We  envy  those  who  will  now  read  these  t.ales  and  sketches  cf 
character  for  the  first  time.  Washington  Irving  is  here,  as  he 
always  is,  equal  to  himself,  Ue  has  the  finish  of  our  best  writers; 
ho  has  the  equality  and  gentle  humour  of  Addison  and  Gold- 
smith."—  Wejitminster  Rev.,  April,  1855. 

Another  complimentary  notice,  also  not  in  the  pamphlet 
just  referred  to,  appeared  in  the  Lon.  New  Monthly  Maga- 
zine, and  was  copied  into  the  Boston  Living  Age  for  Aug. 
11,  1855.  From  a  review  of  AVolIert's  Roost,  in  the  Lon. 
Athenaeum,  1855,  192-193,  we  have  already  given  an  ex- 
tract in  our  article  on  Ralph  AValdo  Emerson,  to  which 
tho  reader  is  referred. 

913 


IRV 

16.  The  Life  op  George  Washington,  N.  York  vol  i 
1855;  vols.  ii..  iii.,  1856;  iv.,  1857.     8ee  ««(«.        '       '  '' 

We  have  before  us  a  number  of  eulogistic  reviews  of 
the  early  vols,  of  this  as  yet  unfinished  history;  but  it  is 
obvious  that  a  production  of  this  character  must  be  re- 
garded as  a  whole,  and  that  no  intelligeot,  imp.artial  criti- 
cism can  be  e.xpected  until  those  among  us  learned  in 
historic  lore  shall  have  had  opportunity  to  sit  in  judc-ment 
upon  a  completed  work,  and  compare  accredited  "State- 
Paper"  documents  with  the  biographer's  charming  story. 
That  such  verdict  will  bo  a  favourable  one,  Mr.  Irving's 
well-known  conscientiousness  as  a  historian  forbids  us  to 
doubt.  In  the  mean  time,  there  can  be  no  impropriety  in 
our  remarking  that  the  biographer  has  well  merited  the 
gratitude  of  his  countrymen  for  transporting  the  illustrious 
commander  from  the  learned  austerity  of  the  Senate- 
Chamber,  and  the  chilling  dignity  of  Congressional  Li- 
braries, to  the  domestic  familiarity  of  the  parlour  and  the 
winter-evening  fireside  of  the  cottage.  Reviews  of  the 
early  vols,  of  the  Life  of  Washington  will  bo  found,-— of 
vol.  I.,  in  Westminster  Kev.,  Oct.  1855 ;  vol.  iii.,  Ibid.,  Oct. 
1856;  vols,  i.,  ii.,  iii.,  Lon.  Athenajum,  Aug.  16,  1856;  i., 
i:.,  iii.,  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  July,  1S56. 

As  every  thing  concerning  Washington  Irvine  may  be 
presumed  to  be  interesting  to  the  reader,  we  quote  the 
following  genealogical  scrap  from  Dennistoun's  Memoirs 
of  bir  Robert  Strange: 

i„'n''r'"'  "'■  ''^L"  ''■1*  ^""i'^i  possessions  in  the  parish  of  Holm, 
In  Orkney  in  1438,  when  the  county  w.is  still  an  appanage  of  the 
crown  of  Denmark  and  Norway.  The  Irvines  of  Sebav  are  very 
frequently  mentioned  in  the  times  of  Kobert  and  Patrick  Ste^ya,•t, 
iarls  of  Orkney,  and  suffered  very  severely  from  the  outrages  of 
these  rapacious  nobles  They  became  extinct  in  the  direct  male 
linefem^M-eCharlesI.;  but  one  collateral  branch  had  immediately 
before  settled  in  the  island  of  Sanday.  and  another,  the  Irvines 
of  Gairstay,  in  be  island  of  Shapinshay.  They  lost  the  estate  of 
Oairst-iy  several  generations  back,  and  sank  do"wn  into  the  condi- 
tion of  mere  peasants,  tenants  of  Quhome.  where  .some  of  them 
reside  at  this  day  I  was  there  lately  with  Mr.  Balfour,  the  pr^ 
p  letor  of  bhapinshay,  who  pointed  out  the  old  and  modest  house 
at  Quhome  where  was  born  William  Irvine,  father  of  WashinRton 
.h'',°,?;i,„  'rS  >^?°!™''?'  singular  that  Sir  Kobert  Strange  and 
^^  ""'^°';,"f  Bracebridge  Hall  can  be  almost  demonstrated  of  the 
same  blood?     1  gutss  if  Irving  knew  his  pedigree  could  be  traced 

S^fl  J^^H-  "l  T  '"  -'"J."  '^'■"■■™  "f  1^3S,  he  would  readUy  claim 
and  vindicate  his  Orcadian  descent." 

In  addition  to  the  authorities  quoted  in  the  course  of 
this  article,  see  also  Homes  of  American  Authors:  Gris- 
wold  s  Prose  Writers  of  America :  Duvckincks'  Cyc.  of 
Amer.  Lit. ;  Sketch  of  Irving,  by  H.  T.  Tuckcrmnn  ;"  Miss 
liremers  Impressions  of  America;  Madden's  Life  of  the 
Countess  of  Blessington  ;  II.  B.  Wallace's  Literary  Criti- 
cisms; Edin.  Rev.,  l.'ii.23;  Blackw.  Mag.,  xiv.  664  ;  Fra- 
sers  Mag.,  iv  435,  xii.  409;  South.  Quar.  Rev.,  viii.  69; 
South.  Lit.  Mess  viii.  275  :  Amer.  Whig.  Rev.,  xii.  602, 
,  ■''  i'  r/  V;  '^  Democrat.  Rev.,  ix.  573  :  Iljid.,  xxi.  488, 
(In;  P.  H  Mayer ;)  United  States  Lit.  Gaz.,  i.  177  ;  N.York 
Lclec.  Mag.,  xv.  412 ;  Best.  Chris.  Rev.,  .xv.  203  ;  Bost.  Liv 
Age,  xliv.  ,23,  (Irom  Lon.  Spectator.)  We  have  already 
rclerred  to  Lord  Byron's  enthusiastic  attachment  to  th'e 
writings  and  character  of  Irving,  (Life  of  Lord  Byron  in 
this  Dictionary.)  In  a  letter  to  Tom  Moore,  (Ravenna, 
July  5,  1S21,)  he  remarks 


ing  in  genius  of  the  most  ele- 
-SirArcuibald  Alison:  Hist. of 


him'n!;fclf  „^/i''  '■'•'^''''°'',  °''  ^"°"''  '*'■■■  I""g's.  •  ■  ■  and  talked  with 
him  much  of  Irving,  whose  writings  are  my  deli.'ht  " 

Again,  under  date  of  Sept.  24.  1821,  he  pr^oposes  to  Mur- 
ray as  one  of  the  articles  of  their  future  correspondence, 
that  he  should  not  send  him  "  any  modern,  or  (as  they  are 
called)  new,  publications,  in  E„ylM.  wl,alsoem;  save  and 
e-xcepting  any  of  Walter  Scott,  Crabbe,  .  .  .  Irving,  (the 
American.)"  Ac.  "   ^ 

'•The  names  of  Cooper,  Channing,  and  -n-ashington  Irvine" 
thXIh'  fm*  hLtorLan  of  Modern  jfurope,  "amply  demimst?ae 
that  the  American  soil  is  not  want  ir     '  •         "    ■ 

Tated  and  fascinating  character. 
Europe,  I7!n9-1!-I6,  chap.  Ixxvi. 

Mr  Stewart,  of  the  American  Navy,  a  friend  of  the  pre- 
sent Emperor  of  France,  tells  us  that,  when  in  New  York 
Louis  Napoleon  declined  to  "appear  in  society,"  but  adds  • 
denf  ii"  v!.w  V  ''""'".'■'^'■•'  ■■''■■laiked  the  prince,  'individuals  resil 
M?\v  ^  ,  't  "?'°"';  acquaintance  I  should  be  happy  to  make, 
hi  Jl  M  *^'™  '':"■'''  ■'  °°*'-  I  ^''^<'  '•™'J  I"'^  '"'ks  .Sd  admire 
him  both  as  a  writer  and  a  man,  and  would  take  great  pleasure 
in  meeting  him.  Chancellor  Kent  is  another.  1  have  studied  hU 
Commentaries,  think  highly  of  them,  and  regard  him  as  the  first 
°'i!T  ,■"■!;""';    ^  r'""''^  '"^  '■"PPy  *"  "-now  him  personalU.- •• 

He  did  make  the  acquaintance  both  of  Mr.  Irving  .and  the 
Chancellor,'  continues  Mr.  Stewart,  "and  enjoyed  the  hospiTaliTy 
of  the  one  at  Sunnyside,  and  of  the  other  at  his  residence  in 

Na^ronll^Srint';:  '■  '■  *■''"""■''  '">••  ^'"'^'  ^•'■"  '•  1^^^'  '°  t^e 

How  many  can  echo  this  remark  of  Napoleon  '• 
miro  him  both  as  a  writer  ami  as  a  man 
true,  to  borrow  the  words  of  an  e 
344 


'lad- 
It  is  indeed 
eminent  American  poet, 


IRV 

.  *1  Amiableness  is  so  strongly  marked  in  all  Mr.  Irving's  writlnn 
as  never  to  let  you  forget  the  man  :  and  the  pleasure  is  doubled 
in  the  same  manner  as  it  is  in  lively  conversation  with  one  for 
whom  you  have  a  deep  attachment  and  esteem.  There  is  in  it  also 
the  gayety  and  airiness  of  a  light,  pure  spirit.— a  fanciful  plavinjt 
with  common  things,  and  here  and  there  beautiful  touches  till  the 
ludicrous  becomes  half  picturesque."— KiCH.tRii  II  Dim  «r  ■  V 
Amer.  Ren.,  ix.  336,  Sept.  1S19.  " "  ' '       ' '  ' 

If  Mr.  Dana  were  called  upon  to  reaffirm  the  above, 
after  forty  years,  and  over  the  large  pile  of  volumes  which 
Mr.  Irving  has  since  given  to  the  world,  we  are  satisfied 
that  he  would  do  it  without  a  moment's  hesitation. 

Many  years  ago  Edward  Everett  advised  the'  young 
aspirant  after  literary  distinction, 

"If  ho  wishes  to  study  a  style  which  posses.ses  the  characteristic 
beauties  of  Addison  s.  lis  ease,  simplicity,  and  eleg.ince,  with  greater 
accuracy,  point,  and  spirit,  let  him  give  his  days  and  nights  to  the 
volumes  of  Irving."- A".  Amer.  Rev.,  sli.  4,  July.  1S35. 

Young  men  have  followed  this  advice  most  sedulously; 
and,  indeed,  a  number  of  years  before  this  counsel  was 
penned,  Mr.  Irving's  example  had  produced  wonders : 

"The  great  effect  which  it  has  produced  is  suflicientlv  evident 
already,  m  the  number  of  good  writers,  in  various  forms  k  elegant 
literature,  who  have  sprung  up  among  us  within  the  few  /ears 
which  have  elapsed  since  the  appearance  of  Mr.  Irving,  and  who 
justify  our  preceding  remark,  that  he  may  fairly  be  considered  as 
the  founder  of  a  school."— Alexa-Ndee  U.EVEREIT:  X  Amer  Rm 
xxviii.  111.  Jan.  IS29.  '        ■> 

"Heretofore  the  essays  of  Washington  Irving  have  offered  a 
solitary  specimen  of  the  lighter  literature  of  America,  but  we  can 
now  only  regard  Geoffrey  Crayon  as  the  founder  of  a  class  of  wri- 
ters, who  follow  closely  in  his  footsteps."— Court  Journal-  Notice 
oj  Mories  of  American  Life,  edited  by  ilary  Russell  Miifard. 

These  remarks  applies  to  both  sides  of  the  water.  If  an 
English  reviewer  desire  to  pay  an  especially  handsome 
compliment  to  an  author,— presuming  that  the  ease  admits 
of  a  likeness  being  instituted  at  .all,— he  is  very  likely  to  be 
strongly  reminded  of  the  style  of  the  author  of  The  Sketch- 
Book.  Let  us  cite  some  instances.  The  author  of  the 
article  on  George  Colman  and  Bonnel  Thornton's  Connois- 
seur, in  Chambers's  Cyclopedia  of  English  Literature, 
quotes  a  passage  from  an  essay  on  Country  Churches, 
"  which,"  says  the  critic,  "  seems  like  a  leaf  from  the  note- 
book of  Washington  Irving."  The  reviewer  in  the  London 
New  Times  remarks,  of  the  author  of  Tales  of  a  Voyager, 
that  his  "humour  is  of  the  spirit  and  quality  of  Washinf- 
ton  Irving."  The  London  Gentleman's  Magazine  says 
that  in  the  perusal  of  The  Jimrnal  of  an  Exile  "  we  have 
frequently  been  reminded  of  the  style  and  manner  of  The 
Sketch-Book,— the  same  pathos,  the  same  originality  of 
thought,  the  same  felicity  of  expression."  The  London 
Monthly  Review  is  so  delighted  with  The  Lucubrations  of 
Major  Humphrey  Ravelin,  that  it  declares  that  "many  of 
the  practised  writers  must/«/;  into  the  rear,  in  competition 
with  Major  Ravelin,  who  must  stand  mmter  with  Geoffrey 
Crayon."  The  London  Spectator,  in  a  notice  of  the  Auto- 
biography of  Hugh  Miller,  rem.arks  that  "his  style  has 
a  purity  and  elegance  which  reminds  one  of  Irving  and 
Goldsmith."  One  of  the  most  distinguished  of  American 
authors  is  not  disposed  to  think  that  any  of  Irving's  imi- 
tators have  equalled  their  master;  at  least,  this  was  his 
opinion  at  the  time  he  penned  the  article  from  which  we 
are  about  to  quote : 

"The  candour  with  which  the  English  have  recognised  Mr 
Irving's  literary  merits  is  equally  honorable  to  both  pa'rties.  while 
his  genius  has  experienced  a  still  more  unequivocal  homage  in 
the  countless  imitations  to  which  he  has  given  rise:  imita'tions 
whose  uniform  failure,  notwithstanding  all  the  appliances  of  .ac- 
complishment and  talent,  prove  their  model  to  be  inimitable"— 
^llLLiAM  II.  Prescott:  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  xxxv.  191-192.  July,  1832. 
It  is  only  proper  to  remark  that  Mr.  Prescott  has  no 
reference,  so  far  as  we  arc  aware,  to  either  of  the  com- 
parisons cited  above.  They  were  collected  by  ourselves 
in  the  course  of  desultory  reading.  Washington  Irvin"' 
indeed,  can  never  be  confounded  with  the  host  of  his  imi- 
tators, abroad  or  at  home.  His  literary  reputation  rests 
upon  sure  foundations,— broad,  deep,  well  settled,  and 
immutable.     As  regards  his  own  country, 

"Other  writers  may  no  doubt  arise  in  the  course  of  time,  who 
"..,*,,  I  .'  'S.^erse  or  prose  a  more  commanding  talent,  and  soar 
a  still  loftier  flight  in  the  empyrean  sky  of  gl,.rv.  Some  western 
Homer,  Shakspeare,  Milton,  Corneille.  or  Caldei'on.  may  irradiate 
our  literary  world  with  a  flood  of  splendour  that  shall'  throw  all 
other  greatness  into  the  shade.  This,  or  something  like  it  niiv  or 
may  not  happen;  but,  even  if  it  should,  it  can  never  be  disputed 
that  the  mild  and  beautiful  genius  of  Jlr.  Irving  was  the  Mornini 
Star  th.at  led  up  the  march  of  our  heavenly  host :  and  that  he  has 
a  fair  right,  much  fairer  certainly  than  the  great  Mantnan  to 
.a.ssume  the  proud  device,  rrimiis  ego  in  pa()-ii!m."— Alexandek 
U.  hvEEETT:  K.  Amer.  Rev.,  xxviii.  110,  Jan.  1829. 

As  respects  Mr.  Irving's  fame  abroad,  it  is  certainly 
true,  as  Mr.  Prescott  remarks,  that  his  merits  have  been— 
from  the  first,  we  will  add— warmly  acknowledged  by 
British  critics  and  cordially  appreciated  by  British  readers. 


IRV 


JAC 


The  circulation  of  his  delightful  volumes  is  hj  no  means 
confined  to  the  literary  circles  of  the  critics  : 

''To  my  pnor  cottage,  rich  only  in  printed  paper,"  remarks  an 
accomplished  lady,  '-people  all  come  to  borrow  books  ti)r  them- 
selves or  for  their  children.  Sometimes  they  make  thsir  own 
selections:  sometimes,  much  ai^ainst  my  will,  tbev  leave  the  choice 
to  me  ;  and  in  either  case  I  know  no  books  that  are  oftener  lent 
than  those  that  bear  the  pseudonym  of  Geoti'rcy  Crayon.  Few, 
very  few,  can  show  a  long  succession  of  volumes  so  pure,  so  grace- 
ful, and  so  varied  as  Mr.  Irving." — Jilari/  Eus^dl  Mitford's  Jiecol- 
Uctions  of  a  Lit'irary  Life. 

Such  a  triljuto  as  this  must  he  peculiarly  grateful  to  Mr. 
Irving.  "It  is  excellent,"  says  Isabella  to  the  haughty 
duke,  "  to  have  a  giant's  strength  ;"  but  there  is  a  rarer 
and  more  precious  gift.  To  have  the  power,  by  the  magic 
of  the  inspiration  of  genius,  to  elevate  the  mind  and  to 
improve  the  heart, — to  cause  the  rich  to  forget  their  covct- 
ousness  and  the  poor  their  poverty, — to  while  away  the 
tedious  hours  of  declining  age,  of  bodily  pain,  or  mental 
disquietude, — this  is  indeed  a  gift  more  excellent  than  the 
giant's  strength,  the  victor's  laurel,  or  the  conqueror's 
crown;  and  this  honour  has  Washington  Irving, — the 
author  of  The  Sketch-Book  and  The  Alhambh.v,  the 
biograjiher  of  CoLU>rBu.s  and  of  Washington. 

Irving,  William,  Irri6-1S2T,  a  native  of  the  city  of 
New  Yorli,  a  brother  of  Washington  Irving,  was  engaged 
in  mercantile  business  in  the  place  of  his  birth  for  a  num- 
ber of  years,  and  from  ISl.'i  to  '19  was  a  member  of  the 
National  Congress.  In  179.3  he  was  married  to  a  sister 
of  James  K.  Paulding,  and  assisted  him  and  Washing- 
ton Irving  in  the  composition  of  Salmagundi, — noticed 
at  length  in  the  preceiling  article.  To  this  popular  pe- 
riodical William  contril)uted  the  poetry,  and  hints  and 
sketches  for  s.mie  of  the  essays.  Of  tlio  other  three  bro- 
thers of  Washington  Irving,  Ebenezer,  born  in  1776,  is 
still  living,  (in  1sd7,)  and  resides  with  Washington  Irving 
at  Sunnyside;  Peter,  born  in  1771,  died  in  1S38;  and 
John  Treat,  born  in  1778,  died  in  1S38,  The  last  two  have 
been  noticed  or  an  earlier  page  of  our  Dictionary, 
Irvinus,  Anyliie,  Irvine  or  Irving. 
Irwin,  Viscountess.  See  HoWAiin.  Anne. 
_  Irwin,  Eyles,  1748-1817,  of  the  £.  India  Co.,  a  na- 
tive of  Calcutta,  of  Irish  parents,  pub.  a  number  of  poems, 
letters,  Ac,  1771-1S14,  and  the  following  work,  by  which 
he  is  best  known  :  Series  of  Adventures  in  the  Course  of 
a  Voyage  up  the  Red  Sea,  in  Letters  to  a  Lady,  ic,  Lon., 
I7S0,  4to,-  3d  ed.,  1787,  2  vols.  8vo. 

'•  Cliiefly  valuable  for  the  information  which  his  personal  adven- 
tures necessarily  give  of  the  manners,  &c,  of  the  Aj-abians." — .S^e- 
veTlson^s  Voyages  and  2'ravd^. 

Irwin,  F.  C.     Western  Australia  in  1835,  Lon.,  8vo. 
Irwin,  li.     Soap-Suds  Manure;  Nic.  Jour.,  1808. 
Irwin,  Thomas.     Versicles,  Dubl.,  185(5. 
''The  poetry  of  Irwin  is  rich,  soft,  and  musical:  indeed,  one  of  its 
greatest  faults  is  exuberance." — Irish  Quur.  Jiev.,  Jan.  lSo6. 

Isaac,  John.  1.  Gospel  Doctrine  of  Free  Grace,  1788, 
12mo.     2.  The  General  Apiarian,  1799,  12mo. 

Isaack, Thomas.  Methodus  Cognoscendi,  1650, 12mo. 
Isaacs,  Mrs.     Novels  and  Tales,  1809-16,  ic. 
Isaacs,  Uyams.     i'orms,   Ac.  of  the   Jews,   Lon., 
1834,  Svo. 

Isaacson,  Henry,  1581-1634,  a  native  of  London. 
Tabula  Uistorico-Chronologica,  Lon.,  1 633,  fol.  His  works 
were  subsequently  pub.  in  Svo,  containing  the  Life  of  Bp. 
Andrews,  &c. 

Isdell,  Miss  Sarah.     A  novel,  &c.,  Lon.,  1809-11. 
Isham,  Rev.  Chester.     Sermons.     Reviewed  in  N. 
Haven  Chris.  Month.  Spec,  vii.  623  ;  viii.  176.  A  biography 
of  Mr.  Isham,   by  L.  Bacon,  will  be  found  in  the  same 
periodical,  vii.  611. 

Isham,  John.     OflSce  for  the  Sick,  Lon.,  1694,  Svo. 
Isham,  W.     The  Mud  Cabin;  or.  The  Character  and 
Tendency  6f  British  Institutions,  N.  York,  1853,  12mo. 

Ishara,  Zachens,  d.  1705,  Preb.  of  Canterbury,  1691. 
Notes  on  Job,  Proverbs,  and  Wisdom,  and  Serms.,  1695- 
1705. 

Itchener,  Rev.  George.     Elegiac  Tears,  1766,  4to. 
Itchener,  Rev.  Wm.     Defence  of  the  Canon  of  the 
Old  Testament,  Lon.,  1723,  Svo. 


Ive,  Panl.    1.  Instructions  for  the  Warrcs,  Lon.,  1589, 
4to.     2.  Pi-actice  of  Fortification.  1589,  '9y,  4to. 
Ive,  Thomas.     Humble  Appeal,  1654,  4to. 
Ivcrs,  F.  F.     Prince  of  Asluri:is,  Lon.,  1844,  Svo. 
Ivers,  II.     Trials  of  a  Priest,  Lon.,  1855,  12mo. 
Ivery,  John.     Hertfordshire  Melody,  1773,  Svo. 
Ives,   A.  E.     Parting    Counsel;    a   Farewell   Serm., 
Bost.,  1855. 

Ives,  Charles.  Chips  from  the  Workshop;  a  Collec- 
tion of  Poems,  N.  Haven,  1848,  12mo. 

Ives,  Cornelius.  25  Serms.  for  a  Country  Congre- 
gation, O.tf.,  1832,  cr.  Svo. 

"Admirably  adajited  to  the  purpose  for  which  they  were  -writ- 
ten."— Zoii.  Cltnu.  Jtemt"nih. 

Ives,  E.     Books  on  Musical  Education,  N.  York. 
Ives,  Edward,  a  surgeon,  d.  1780.     Voyage   from 
Enghand  to  India  in  1754,  Lon.,  1773,  4to. 

Ives,  Edward  O.  Remarks  on  Oude,  ic,  Lon.,  1796, 
4to. 

Ives,  J.  M.  New  England  Fruit-Book,  Bost. 
Ives,  Jeremy.  Theolog.  treatises,  1658-72. 
Ives,  John,  1751-76,  a  native  of  Y'armouth,  pub.  some 
antiquarian  papers,  and  Remarks  upon  the  Garianonum 
of  the  Romans,  Lon.,  1774,  Svo.  See  Nichols's  Anec.  ; 
Noble's  College  of  Arms;  Granger's  Letters,  by  Malcolm; 
Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  vols.  Ivii.,  Ixiii. 

Ives,  Levi,  M.D.,  1750-1S26,  of  New  Haven,  Conn., 
was  one  of  the  conductors  of  Cases  and  Observations,  pub. 
at  New  Haven,  and  said  to  he  the  first  medical  journal 
ever  pub.  in  the  U.  States. 

Ives,  Levi  Silliman,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  late  Bishop  of 
the  Protestant  Episcopal  Church  in  North  Carolina,  now  a 
member  of  the  R.  Catholic  Church.  1.  A  Catechism,  N. 
York,  ISmo,  2  Pts,  2.  Manual  of  Devotion,  12mo.  3. 
Five  Serins,  on  The  Apostles'  Doctrine  and  Fellowship, 
16ino.  4.  Humility  a  Ministerial  Qualification:  an  Ad- 
dress, 1840,  Svo.  5.  Serms.  on  the  Obedience  of  Faith, 
1849,  ISmo.  6.  The  Trials  of  a  Mind  in  its  Progress  to 
Catholicism  :  a  Letter  to  his  Old  Friends,  Bost.,  1S53, 12mo; 
Lon.,  1S54,  p.  Svo.  A  review  of  some  of  Bp.  Ives's  ser- 
mons will  be  found  in  Princeton  Rev.,  svii.  491. 

Ivimey,  Joseph,  a  Baptist  minister.  1.  Life  of  John 
Bunyau,  1809,  12mo.  2.  Bunyau's  Pilgrim's  Progress, 
with  Notes.  See  Bunvan,  John.  3.  Serm.,  1809,  8v"o.  4. 
Hist,  of  the  English  Baptists,  Lon.,  1811-23,  3  vols.  Svo. 
"  Highly  creditable  to  yourself  and  to  the  denomination  to  which 
you  beli)ng." — Jiobert  Ball  to  Oie  author,  oti  t/m  first  two  vols  See 
Hall's  \Vork8,  ed.  1S63,  ii.  44.3,  n. ;  v.  521-523. 

Ivimey  also  wrote  The  Life  and  Times  of  John  Milton, 
The  Life  of  Rev.  W.  KiflSn,  and  some  other  works.  See 
Memoirs  of  the  Life  and  Writings  of  Joa.  Ivimey,  by  Geo. 
PritcharJ,  1S35,  Svo. 

Ivisou,  Ursula.     A  Poem,  Lon.,  1794,  '98,  Svo. 
Ivory,  James,  1765-1842,  a  celebrated  mathemati- 
cian, a  native  of  Dundee,  Scotland,  contributed  a  number 
of  valuable  papers,  (1796-1816,)  on  his  favourite  branch 
of  investigation,  to  Trans.  Soc.  Edin.,  Phih  Trans.,  and 
Thom.  Ann.  Philos.     See  Chambers  and  Thomson's  Biog. 
Diet,  of  Eminent  Scotsmen;  Wjitt's  BibL  Brit.;  Marquis 
of  Northampton's  Address  to  the  Roy.  Soc,  1842;  Lord 
Brougham's  Contrib.  to  the  Edin.  Rev.,  1S56,  iii.  183-195. 
Ivoryy.     Forms  of  Process  before  the  Ct.  of  Sess.  and 
the  Com",  of  Feuds,  Edin.,  1815-18,  2  vols.  Svo. 
Ixt'urd,  Noah.     Purging,  Lon.,  1690,  12mo. 
Izacke,  Richard,  1624-17UU,  a  native  of  Exeter.     1. 
Remarkable  Antiquities  of  the  City  of  Exeter,  Lon.  1677 
Svo;   1681,  Svo;  1722,  Svo;  1724,  Svo;  1734,  Svo.     Con- 
tinued to  1723  by  his  son,  Samuel  Izacke, — Lowndes  says 
in  1724  or  1731,  Svo;  according  to  Watt,  1741,  Svo. 
"A  dry  collection,  and  full  of  mistakes." — Bp.  White  Kennet. 
2.  Alphabet.  Register,  Ac,  1736,  Svo.     3.  Rights  and 
Privileges  of  the  Freemen  of  Exeter,  Exeter,  1785,  sm.  4to. 
Izard,  Ralph,  an  eminent  American  statesman.  Sena- 
tor of  the  United  States  from  South  Carolina  from  1789  to 
'95.     Correspondence   from    1774    to    1804,  with  a  short 
Memoir,  Bost.,  1844,  vol.  i.,  12mo.  Reviewed  in  Democratic 
Rev.,  xi.x.  40.     No  man  enjoyed  the  confidence  of  General 
Washington  in  a  higher  degree  than  Ralph  Izard. 


J. 


Jabet,  Wm.,  Lect.  of  St  Bartholomew's  Chapel,  Bir- 
mingham.    IS  Serms.,  Lon.,  1787,  Svo. 

Jack,  Lt.-Col.  Six  Views  of  Kot  Kangra,  Lon., 
1847,  fol. 

Jack,  or  Jachaeus,  Gilbert,  1578-1628,  Prof,  of 


Philos.  at  Leyden,  was  a  native  of  Aberdeen,  Scotland.  1. 
Institutioncs  Physica;  Juvcntutis  Lugdunensis  Studiis  po. 
tissimum  dicatse,  1612;  again,  with  notes,  1616.  2.  In- 
stitutioncs Medico,  Lugd.  Bat.,  1624,  '31,  '53,  12mo.  See 
Chambers  aud  Thomson's  Diet,  of  Eminent  Scotsmen,  1855, 

9Ji 


JAC 


JAC 


Jack,  or  Jachaeus,  Thomas,  d.  1596,  minister  of 
Eastwood,  &.C.,  a  Scotsman.  Onomasticon  PoeticuQi,  ^iuo 
Propriurum  qnibus  in  suis  Monumentis  vsi  sunt  veteres 
Poetai  breuis  Descriptio  poetica,  Edinburgi,  1592.  4to. 

This  rare  and  curious  book  should  not  escape  the  biblio- 
grapher.    Pee  McCrie'g  Life  of  Melville. 

Jack,  Richard,  Teacher  of  Mathematics.  1.  Ele- 
ments of  Cuuic  Sections,  Edin.,  1742,  Svo.  2.  Mathemat. 
Principles  of  Theology;  or,  the  Existence  of  God  Geo- 
metrically Demonstrated,  Lon.,  1747,  Svo. 

"A  curious  and  excellent  work." — Dr.  Apam  Ci-\kke. 
.  3.  Euclid's  Data  Restored,  Lon.,  1756,  Svo. 

Jackman,  Rev.  J.     Theolog.  treatises,  1705-19. 

Jackson.  Art  of  Engraving,  Ac,  Lon.,  1754,  4to. 
Commended  as  a  curious  and  ingenious  work. 

Jacksou,  Mrs.  Dialogues  on  Christianity,  1S06,  2 
vols.  Svo. 

Jackson,  Miss,     Pictorial  Flora,  Lon.,  1S40,  Svo. 

Jacksou,  Abraham.  1.  Sorrow's  Lenitive:  in  verse, 
Lon.,  1614,  Svo.  2.  Serm.,  1618,  Svo.  3.  The  Pious 
Prentice,  1040,  Svo. 

Jackson,  Alfred.  Tints  from  an  Amateur's  Palette, 
Lon.,  1S49,  fp.  Svo. 

Jacksou,  Alverey.     Saving  Faith,  Lon.,  1752,  Svo. 

Jackson,  Andrew,  d.  1778,  aged  S3,  a  Loudon  book- 
seller. 1.  Paradise  Lost,  Book  Ist:  in  rhyme,  1740.  2. 
Matrimonial  Scenes,  modernized  from  Chaucer,  1750.  3. 
In  conjunction  with  Charles  Marsh,  A  Briefe  Conceipte 
touching  the  Commonweale  of  this  Rcalme  of  England,  by 
Wm.Shakspeare,  the  dramatist;  originally  printed  in  1581; 
reprinted  1751.  The  contents  of  Jackson's  book-cata- 
logues for  1756,  '57,  '59,  and  one  without  date,  were  in 
rhyme.     See  Miller's  Fly-Leaves,  1S54,  p.  69. 

Jackson,  Major-General  Andrew,  1767-1845,  a 
native  of  South  Carolina,  President  of  the  United  States, 
1S29-37.  His  Farewell  Address,  with  his  Will,  and  25 
Eulogies  and  Serms.  delivered  on  occasion  of  his  Death, 
Pbila.,  1846,  12mo.  The  Life  of  Genl.  Jackson  has  been 
■written  by  J.  H.  Eaton,  1824,  Svo,  Wm.  Cobbett,  1S34, 
ISino,  J.  S.  Jenkins,  Amos  Kendall,  S.  P.  Waldo,  &c. 
For  notices  of  his  administration,  see  Williams  and  Los- 
sing's  National  Hist,  of  the  U.  States;  Williams's  States- 
man's Manual;  Poole's  Index  to  Period.  Lit.;  histories  of 
the  period. 

Jackson,  ArthHr,1593-lG66,aNon-eonformist,ejected 
from  the  living  of  St.  Faith's  in  1662.  1.  A  Help  for  the 
Understanding  of  the  Holy  Scriptures;  or,  Annotations  on 
the  Historicall  Part  of  the  Old  Test.:  vol,  i.,  Camb.,  1643, 
4to;  The  Pentateuch:  vol.  ii.,  1646,  4to;  Joshua — Es- 
ther: vol.  iii.,  Lon.,   165S,  4to;    Job — Song  of  Solomon. 

2.  Annotations  upon  the  Whole  Book  of  Isaiah  j  with  Me- 
moir of  the  Author,  pub.  by  his  son,  1682,  4to. 

"These  annotations  are  nut  prttlix  or  critical;  but  they  are  in 
general  very  much  to  the  purjiuse.  Considering  the  period  in 
which  the  author  lived,  they  are  tolerably  well  written;  and,  as 
works  on  the  historical  parts  of  the  Old  Testament  are  nut  very 
numerous,  Mr.  Jackson's  help  ouglit  not  to  be  despised."' — Orme's 
Bibl.  Bib.    See  also  Calamy's  Non-Conformist's  Memorial. 

Jackson,  Major  Basil.  1.  Military  Surveying, 
Lon..  iSoS.  '41,  Svo.     2.  Elementary  Surveying,  1S42,  Svo. 

Jackson,  Charles.  Sufferings  and  Escape,  1S02,  Svo. 

Jackson,  Charles,  LL.D.,  1775-1S55,  a  native  of 
Newburyport,  grad.  at  Harvard  College,  1793;  removed  to 
Boston,  Mass.,  about  1810;  Judge  ot  the  Supreme  Ct.  of 
Massachusetts,  1813-24.  Treat,  on  the  Pleadings  and 
Prac.  in  Real  Actions;  with  Precedents  of  Pleadings,  Bost., 
3828,  Svo.  This  excellent  work  (cited  as  Jackson  on  Real 
Actions)  should  accompany  Stearncs's  and  Roseue's  on  tlic 
game  subject.  See  Hoff.  Leg.  Stu.,  282  ;  1  Amer.  Jur.,  185, 
ii.  65  ;  Kent's  Com.  Judge  Jackson  was  the  chairman  of 
the  committee  which  revised  the  Statute  Laws  of  Massa- 
chusetts.    See  Pref.  to  Revised  Statutes  of  Mass. 

*'IIe  was  an  admirable  person,  a  thorough  lawyer,  an  almost 
perfect  judge,  and  a  good  man." — Geo.  S.  IIillard:  in  a  letter  to 
tlie  author  of  thi^  JXctionary.  See  also  N.  Amer.  Kev.,xlvi.  72,  by 
Mr.  IlUlard. 

Jackson,  Charles  T.,  M.D.,  b.  at  Plymouth.  Mass., 
1S05.  grad.  M.D.  at  Harvard  Univ.  1S29.  'l.  Mineralogy 
and  Geology  of  Nova  Scotia.  Cambridge.  Mass..  1832,  Svo: 
in  conjunction  with  Francis  Alger.  2.  First  Report  on  tho 
Oeologj  of  the  State  of  Maine,  Augusta.  Me.,  1837,  Svo. 

3.  First  Report  on  the  Geology  of  the  Public  Lands  in  the 
State  of  Maine,  Bost,  1837.  Nos.  2  and  3  are  noticed  in 
N.  Amer.  Rev.,  slv.  240-24?.  4.  Second  Report  on  the 
Geology  of  the  State  of  Maine.  Augusta,  Me.,  1838,  Svo. 
Noticed  in  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  xlvii.  241-244.  5.  Second  An- 
nual Report  on  the  Geology  of  tho  Public  Lands  of  Maine 
and  Massachusetts,  1838,  'Svo.     6.  Third   Report  on  the 

946  ^ 


Geology  of  Maine,  1839,  Svo.  7.  Report  on  the  Geology 
and  Agrieult.  Survey  of  R.  Island,  Rost.,  1840,  Svo.  8. 
First  Report  on  the  Geology  of  N.  Hampshire,  1841,  Svo. 
Dr.  Jackson's  contributions  to  science  have  been  rewarded 
by  orders  of  merit  from  the  sovereigns  of  France,  Prussia, 
Turkey,  Sweden,  and  Sardinia. 

Jackson,  Rev.  E.  D.  1.  Comp.  to  the  Liturgy,  Lon. 
2.  Devotional  Year.  1S3S,  Svo.     3.  Scripture  Hist.;*1847. 

Jackson,  Frederick,  Incumbent  of  Parson  Drove, 
Isle  of  Ely.     Praet.  Serms.,  2  ser..  l?mo.  1851-53. 

"A  score  of  excellent  sermons.  The  historical  parts  contain  a 
good  deal  of  unassuming  eloqut-uce.  They  are  worthy  ot  frequent 
perusal." — CIntrch  and  State  (gazette. 

Jackson,  George.     Con.  to  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.,  1810, 

Jackson,  George.     Stanzas,  1S12.  Svo. 

Jackson,  George.  Educational  works,  Lon.,  1847-55. 

Jackson,  Hali,  M.D.,  d.  1797,  of  Portsmouth,  New 
Hampshire,  pub.  a  tract  on  the  Malignant  Sore  Throat 
which  prevailed  1784-86.    See  Thacher's  Amer.  Med.  Biug. 

Jackson,  Henry.     Longitude,  <fec.,  Lon.,  1727,  Svo. 

Jackson,  Henry,  Chemist.  1.  Tar- Water,  Lon,, 
1760,  Svo.     2.  British  I?inglass,  1765,  Svo. 

Jacksou,  Henry,  D.D.,  b.  June  16.  1798,  at  Provi- 
dence, Rhode  Island;  grad.  at  Brown  University,  1817; 
ordained,  1822  :  settled  successively  at  Charlestown,  Hart- 
ford, New  Bedford,  and,  since  Jan.  1847,  pastor  of  Central 
Baptist  Church.  Newport,  R.  Island.  Dr.  J.  has  pub.  a 
work  entitled  Churches  in  Rhode  Island,  and  has  in  pre- 
paration Rhode  Island  Ecclesiastically  in  the  17th  century. 
He  has  also  pub.  a  number  of  sermons,  and  contributed 
papers  to  several  quarterly  and  monthly  periodicals. 

Jacksou,  Henry  R,,  b.  1810,  at  Savannah,  Georgia, 
Judge  of  the  Superior  Court  of  the  Eastern  District  of 
Georgia,  1849-53;  Resident  Minister  of  the  United  States 
at  Vienna  for  1S53  to  the  present  time.  Talluhah.  and 
other  Poems,  Savannah,  1S51.  Mr.  J.  was  for  some  years 
one  of  the  editors  of  the  Savannah  Georgian. 

Jackson,  Humphrey.    Isinglass;  Phil.  Trans.,  1773. 

Jackson,  Isaac  \V.,  Prof,  of  Mathemat.  and  Nat. 
Philos.  in  Union  College,  New  York.  1.  Elements  of  Conic 
Sections,  Albany.  Svo.  New  ed.,  Schenectady,  1854,  Svo. 
2.  Elementary  Treat,  on  Optics,  Albany,  Svo.  New  ed., 
Schenectady,  1854,  Svo. 

Jackson,  J.  F.     Serm.,  1808,  8vo. 

Jackson,  J,  L.     Art  of  Riding,  Lon.,  1765,  12mo. 

Jacksou,  Col.  J.  R.  1.  Observ.  on  Lakes,  4to.  2. 
What  to  Observe;  2d  ed.,  1845,  fp.  Svo. 

"A  work  that  should  be  put  into  the  trunk  of  every  traveller, 
and  especially  of  thusc  who  travel  with  a  view  to  publication." — 
Westminster  Hcview. 

3.  Letters  on  Minerals,  Lon.,  1849,  12mo.  4.  Military 
Geography,  1850,  12mo. 

Jacksou,  J.  W.  The  Seer  of  Sinai,  and  other  Poems, 
Lou.,  1S56.     See  Lon.  Athen.,  1856.  743. 

Jacksou,  James.  An  Appeal  to  Country  Friends, 
[Quakers,]  Lon..  1708,  sm.  Svo. 

Jackson,  James,  M.D..  LL.D.,  Prof.  Emeritus  of 
the  Theory  and  Practice  of  Physic  in  the  Univ.  of  Cam- 
bridge, Mass. ;  late  Physician  in  the  Mass.  General  Hospi- 
tal. Letters  to  a  Young  Physician  just  entering  upon 
Practice,  Bust.,  1855,  12mo;  4th  ed.,  1S56,  12mo.  Dedi- 
cated to  John  C.  Warren,  M.D.  The  distinguished  author 
of  this  vol.  has  enjoyed  the  advantages  of  half  a  century's 
medical  practice.  This  should  be  a  sufficient  endorsement 
of  the  sagacity  of  his  counsels.  The  work  has  been  well 
received  on  both  sides  of  the  Atlantic.  The  London 
Critic  of  April  1st.  1856,  compares  this  woik  most  favour- 
ably with  publications  lately  issued  by  two  medical  pro- 
fessors at  Edinburgh,  and  dismisses  the  subject  with  the 
remark : 

"The  conclusion  we  h.ave  come  to  after  a  perusal  of  it  is,  that 
Dr.  Jacksou  has  been,  through  a  long  professional  career,  a  judi- 
cious, safe,  prudent,  and  sufficiently  euprgL-tic  practitioner,  reflect- 
ing credit  on  Americau  Practice  of  Phytiic."' 

Dr.  Jackson  was  a  pupil  of  Dr.  Edward  Augustus  Holy- 
oke,  the  centenarian,  and  gives  us  a  sketch  of  his  character 
in  the  introductory  letter  to  the  above-named  work,  which, 
we  may  say  in  conclusion,  is  of  interest  to  the  laic  as  well 
as  the  physician. 

Jackson,  James  Grey.  1.  Account  of  the  Empire  of 
Morocco  and  Suez,  Lon,  1S09,  '11,  '12,  '14,  4to. 

"Cannot  fail  to  be  placed  alonj^side  of  the  very  best  works  which 
treat  of  that  extraordinary  kingdom." — IHbdin's  Lib.  Qjmp.y  400. 

Reviewed  in  Lon.  Quar.  Rev.,  ii.  445—454. 

2.  Trans,  of  Shabeeny's  Timbuctoo,  <fcc.,  1S20,  Svo.  See 
Stevenson's  Voyages  and  Travels. 

Jackson,  James.  Agriculture,  Edin.,  1840,  Svo. 
Highly  commended  in  Donaldaou's  Agrieult.  i3iog. 


JAC 

Jackson,  Jeremiah.     Serms.,  Ac,  1T96-1818. 
Jackson,  John.     Serms.,  <ic.,  16U-S5. 
Jackson,  John.     Serms.,  Ac,  1707-23. 
Jackson,  John,  168()-176;!,  a  learned  Ari.an  divine, 
anativcof  Yorlishire;  admitted  of  Jesus  Coll.,  Camb.,  1702; 
Rector  of  Rossington,  Yorkshire,  171(1;  Confrater  of  Wig- 
ton's  Hospital,  1719;  and  Master,  172y.     He  pub.  many 
theolog.  treatises,  1714-49,  among  which  were  several  in 
defence  of  Dr.  Samuel  Clarke's  Doctrine  of  the  Trinity, 
and  a  number  against  Warburton,  Conycrs  Middleton,  Law, 
Whiston,  and    the  deistical  writers  Cidlins,  Tindal,  and 
Morgan.     His  best-known  work  is  Chronological  Antiqui- 
ties for  5100  years,  Lon.,  1752,  3  vols.  4to.     In  German  at 
Erlangen,  1756,  3  vols.  4to. 

**  Great  labour  has  been  bestowed  upon  it,  as  the  nature  of  the 
subject  required,  and  the  very  extent  of  the  performance  shows." — 
Ormt's  Bibt.  Bib. 

"He  who  wishes  to  know  more  on  this  subject  [Chronology  of 
the  Hebrew  liible]  may  consult  Jackson's  Scripture  Chronology,  3 
vols.  4to;  Bedford's  Scripture  Chronology,  1730;  and  an  Essay  of 
Dr.  Brett's,  wherein  he  defends  the  Computation  of  the  Septuar 
giut." — Bishop  Watson. 

See  Dr.  Sutton's  Memoirs  of  the  Life  and  Writings  of 
John  Jackson,  Lon.,  1764,  8vo;  Whiston's  Life;  Nichols's 
Lit.  Anec. 

Jackson,  John.  Answer  to  a  Serm.  entitled  Ma- 
sonry the  Way  to  Hell,  Lon.,  1768,  Svo. 

Jackson,  John.  1.  Hist,  of  the  Scottish  Stage, 
Edin.,  1793,  Svo.  2.  Strictures  on  the  Merits  of  Young 
Roscius,  1805. 

Jackson,  John,  Jr.  1.  Hist,  of  the  City  and  Cathe- 
dral of  Lichfield,  Lieh.,  1795,  Svo;  2d  ed.,  1806.  2.  Hist, 
and  Antiq.  of  the  Cathedral  Church  of  Litchfield,  Lon., 
1795,  Svo.     3.  Poems,  1797,  12mo. 

Jackson,  John,  d.  1807.  1.  Journey  from  India  to- 
wards England  [overland]  in  1797,  Lon.,  1799,  8vo.  2. 
Commerce  of  the  Mediterranean,  1804,  Svo. 
Jackson,  John.  Poems,  Lon.,  1808,  12mo. 
Jackson,  John,  one  of  Bewick's  best  pupils.  Treat, 
on  Wood  Engraving,  Historical  and  Practical,  Lon.,  1839, 
imp.  Svo.  Upwards  of  300  wood-cuts;  52<i.  The  histo- 
rical portion  is  chiefly  by  Wm.  Andrew  Chatto,  under 
whose  name  we  have  entered  this  work;  but  Chatto's  own 
work  was  Gems  of  Wood  Engraving,  with  Hist,  of  the  Art, 
1849,  fob;  21«.  Jackson's  book  is  invaluable  either  to 
the  engraver  or  the  amateur. 

Jackson,  John,  D.D.,  formerly  Rector  of  St.  James's, 
Westminster;  Bishop  of  Lincoln,  1853.  1.  Spirit  of  the 
World;  a  Serm.  2.  II.  Serms.,  1849,  32mo.  3.  VI.  Serms. 
on  Christian  Character;  4th  ed.,  1853,  12mo.  4.  Serms. 
on  the  Sinfulness  of  Little  Sins;  9th  ed.,  1855,  fp.  Svo.  5. 
VI.  Serms.  on  Repentance;  4th  ed.,  1S53,  12mo.  6.  Wit- 
ness of  the  Spirit ;  2d  ed.,  1855,  fp.  Svo. 

Jackson,  John  M.    U.  Canada,  Lon.,  1809,  8vo. 
Jackson,    Joseph.      Enchiridion   Theoretico-Medi- 
Cum,  Lon.,  1695,  12mo;  Amst.,  1697,  12mo. 

Jackson,  Joseph.  P.^etical  Sketch,  Lon.,  1797,  4to. 
Jackson,  Sir  K.  .V.  Views  in  Afi'ghaunistaun,  Lon., 
1841,  imp.  4to. 
Jackson,  Laurence.  Theolog.  treatises,  1739-71. 
Jackson,  Matthew.  Five  Serms.,  Lon.,  1755,  Svo. 
Jackson,  Miles.  1.  Serm.,  Bradford,  1815,  Svo.  2. 
Serms.,  Lon.,  1S25,  2  vols.  12mo. 

Jackson,  Peter.     Account  of  his  Case,  1806,  Svo. 
Jackson,  Handle.     Speeches,  Ac,  1795-1828. 
Jackson,  Richard.     Literature  Graeca,  1769,  12mo. 
Jackson,  Robert,  M.D.,  1751-1827,  a  physician  in 
the  English  army,  pub.  a  Treat,  on  the  Fever  of  Jamaica, 
Lon.,  1791,  Svo.,  and  other  profess,  works,  Ac,  1798-1817. 
The  3d  ed.  of  his  .Systematic  View  of  the  Formation,  Dis- 
cipline, and  Economy  of  an  Army  was  pub.  1845,  Svo. 

Jackson,  Rowland,  M.D.  Medical  treatises,  Ac, 
Lon.,  1747-48. 

Jackson,  Samuel.  E.  India  Weights,  Ac,  1764. 
Jackson,  Samuel,  has  recently  pub.  a  number  of 
translations  from  the  German  and  French,— from  Francke, 
Krummacher,  Strauss,  Zinzendorf,  Ac.  See  Jacqites,  Wm. 
Jackson,  Samuel,  M.D.,  Prof,  of  the  Institutes  of 
Medicine  in  the  Univ.  of  Penna.  1.  Principles  of  Medicine, 
Phila.,  1832,  Svo.  2.  Discourse  Commemorative  of  Na- 
thaniel Chapman,  M.D.,  1S54,  Svo.  3.  Introduc.  to  Dr.  J. 
Cheston  Morris's  trans,  of  Lehman's  Chemical  Physio- 
logy. 1856,  Svo.     4.  Occasional  Medical  Essays. 

Jackson,  Sarah.     Family  Cook,  Lon.,  1754,  12mo. 

Jackson,  Seguiu  Henry,  M.D.     Dermato-Patho- 

logia,   Lon.,    1792,    Svo.     Other  medical   treatises,  1781- 

1806. 

Jackson,  Rev.  Theodore.    Serious  Address,  1788. 


JAC 

Jackson,  T.  Life,  Writings,  and  Opinions  of  John 
Goodwin,  1S22,  Svo.     See  Goodwin,  John.  No.  7. 

Jackson,  Thomas,  D.D.,  1579-1640,  a  native  of 
Willowing,  Durham,  admitted  of  Queen's  Coll.,  0.\f.,  1595  ; 
removed  to  Corpus  Christi  Coll.,  1596;  President  of  Corpus 
Christi  Coll.,  1630;  Preb.  of  Winchester,  1635;  Dean  of 
Peterborough,  16.'i8.  He  was  profoundly  versed  in  theology, 
metaphysics,  the  languages,  the  arts  and  sciences,  and  was 
pious,  charitable,  and  courteous.  He  was  the  author  of 
Commentaries  on  the  Apostles'  Creed,  many  serms.  and 
theolog.  treatises,  of  which  a  collective  edit,  was  pub.,  with 
a  Life  of  the  author,  by  E.  Vaughan,  in  167.3,  3  vols,  fob 
New  ed.,  revised  and  improved,  0.\f.,  1844,  12  vols.  Svo. 
A  Synoptical  Table  of  his  Works  was  pub.  in  1S3S,  12mo, 
by  the  Rev.  John  Henry  Todd.  And  see  Goode,  Wm., 
No.  5. 

"I  speak  it  in  the  presence  of  God.  I  have  not  read  so  hearty, 
vigorous  a  champion  against  Rome,  so  convincing  and  demonstra- 
tive, as  is  Dr.  .Tackson;  and  I  bless  God  for  the  Confirmation  he 
hath  given  me  in  the  Christian  Religion  against  the  Atheist,  Jew, 
and  Socinian."— .Geoboe  Herbert,  the  Poet. 

"He  is  generally  full  of  meaning:  it  is  scarce  possible  to  open  in 
anv  page  where  we  shall  not  find  something  seldom  if  at  all  to  be 
met  with  anywhere  else.  A  curious  reader  will  find  something 
reniiirkable  and  worthy  of  reading  in  the  whole."— Dr.  Dohbriboe. 
••  Dr.  Jackson  is  a  magazine  of  thoologic■^l  knowledge,  everywhere 
penned  with  great  elegance  and  dignity,  so  that  his  style  is  a  pat- 
tern of  perfection.  ...  He  deserves  to  be  numbered  with  the  Eng- 
lish fathers  of  the  church."-JoNES,  of  Nayland:  Life  of  Bishop 
Hor7'f. 

"  His  method  ia  circuitous,  his  style  involved,  yet  often  dignified 
and  never  mean." — Dr.  E.  Williams's  C  P. 

"Deficient  in  evangelical  views,  and  redundant  in  re.isoning 
philosophy,  yet  full  of  useful  thoughts."— BicAers/tf/i's  C.  S. 

Jackson  is  often  quoted  by  Bishop  Patrick  in  his  Com- 
mentaries on  the  Old  Testament,  and  is  commended  by 
Bishop  Home,  Merrick,  Ac. 

"In  my  judgment  the  most  valuable  of  all  our  English  divines. 
...  I  think  you  would  find  three  or  four  p.ages  per  d;iy  a  wholesome 
and  ideasant'  diet.  .  .  .  The  philosophy,  the  strength  of  faith,  and 
the  sincere  religions  belief  with  which  his  three  folios  abound.  .  .  . 
An  author  with  whom,  more  almost  than  any  other,  one  might  be 
contented  in  a  prison."- RoBT.  Socthet:  Life  and  Correspondence. 
Jackson, Thomas,  d.  1646,  Preb.  of  Canterbury.1614. 
Weekly  Lects.  on  St.  Matt.  viii.  23-27,  Lon..  1623,  4to. 

Jackson,  Thomas,  LL.D.  Composition  of  Pres- 
sures; Trans.  S..c.  Edin.,  1817. 

Jackson,  Thomas.  1.  Centenary  of  Wesleyan  Me- 
thodism, Lon.,  1839,  12mo.  2.  Lives  of  Early  Methodists, 
chiefly  by  themselves,  1849,  2  vols.  12mo.     Other  works. 

Jackson,  Timothy.     E.tpos.  of  the  2d  Epist.  of  St. 
Paul  to  the  Thessalonians,  Lon.,  1621,  4to. 
Jackson,  W.     School-books,  1661-72. 
Jackson,  W.     Beauties  of  Nature,  1769,  Svo. 
Jackson,  W.  A.     Herbert  Broom's  Parties  to  Actions  j 
2d  Amer.  ed.,  Phila.,  1S47,  Svo. 

Jackson,  Wm.   Treat,  on  Hosea  x.  12,  Lon.,  1616,  4to. 
Jackson,  Wm.,  D.D.     Serm.,  Camb.,  1675,  4to. 
Jackson, Wm.,  M.D.  Salt  Springs  ;  Phil.  Trans.,  1669. 
Jackson,  Wm.     Ou  Sounds,  Westm.,  1726,  Svo. 
Jackson,  Wm.     Ancle-Joints,  Ac,  Lon.,  1788,  Svo. 
Jackson,  Wm.,  1730-1S03,  a  musical  composer,  a 
native  of  Exeter,  England.     1.  Music  in   London,  Lon., 
1791,  Svo.     2.  Thirty  Letters  on  various  subjects.  1782,  2 
vols.  12mo;  1784,  2  vols.  12mo;  1795,  Svo.     3.  The  Four 
Ages,  with  Essays,  1798,  Svo.    4.  Eighteen  Musical  Works, 
consisting  of  Hymns.  Songs,  Canzonets,  Elegies,  and  an 
Ode  to  Fancy.     See  his  Life  by  Dr.  Burney  in  Rees's  Cyc; 
Censura  Literaria,  vol.  iv. 

Jackson,  Rev.  Wm.,  convicted  of  high-treason  in 
Dublin,  April  23,  1795,  committed  suicide  on  the  30th  of 
the  same  month.     Serms..  Lon.,  1795,  Svo. 

Jackson,  Wm.,  D.D.,  1750-1S15,  Regius  Prof,  of 
Greek  at  Oxford,  and  in  1811  Bishop  of  Oxford;  pub.  The 
Constitutions  of  the  U.  States  of  America,  Lon.,  1783,  Svo ; 
several  serms.,  Ac,  17S4-1804.  See  Rich's  Bibb  Amer. 
Nova,  i.  317.  ,^„„    „ 

Jackson,  Wm.     Chemical  Characters,  1/99,  Svo. 
Jackson,  Wm.    Divinity  Prize  Essay,  Oxf.,  1846,  Svo. 
Jackson,  Z,  a  printer.   Shakspeare's  Genius  Justified, 
Lon  ,  1819,  8vo.     Worth  examination.     See  Dibdin's  Lib. 
Comp.,  804;  Goodhugh's  E.  G.  Lib.  Man.,  219;  Blackw. 
Mag.,  V.  411-415. 

Jacob.     Elephant's  Bones;  Phil.  Trans.,  1754. 
Jacob,  Rev.  Alexander.     Complete  English  Peer- 
age, Lon.,  1766-70,  3  vols,  fob  „  „    ^  i., 

Jacob,  Arthur.  1.  Inflam.  of  the  Eye-Ball,  Dubl., 
1850   fp   Svo.     2.  Removal  of  Cataract,  Lon.,  1851,  Svo. 

Jacob,  Edward,  d.  1788,  pub.,  from  the  4th  ed.  of 
1592,  the  old  Play  of  Arden  of  Feversham,  (which  he  as- 
cribes to  Sbakspeare,)  Lon.,  1770,  Svo ;  Uist.  of  Feversham, 


JAC 

1774,  8vo;  Cat.  of  Plants  near  Fevershnm,  1777, 12mo-  and  I 
a  paper  on  Roman  Earthen-Ware,  in  Archreol     178'^  ' 

Jacob,  Edward,  .1.  1841,  King's  Counsel,  Fellow  of 
Gonville  and  Caius  Coll.,  Camb.,  an,l  a  son  of  William 
jBcoh,(paal.)  I.Chan.  Reports  2  and  3  Geo.  IV.,  Lon  1828 
r.  Svo  2.  With  J.  Walker,  Do.  60  t!eo.  III.  to  I'anrl  2 
Geo.  IV.  1821-23,  2  vols.  r.  Svo.  A  biography  of  Mr. 
Jacob  will  be  found  in  Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  March,  1842. 

Jacob,  G.  A.  Greek  and  Latin  Grammars,  Lon., 
1841-51. 

Jacob,  Giles,  16SG-1744,  a  native  of  Romsev,  Hamp- 
shire, received  a  legal  education,  and  subsequently  became 
steward  and  secretary  to  the  Hon.  Wm.  Blathwayt.  Jacob 
was  the  author  of  more  than  thirty  works,  of  which  twenty- 
five  were  law-books.  Of  all  these  publications,  the  only 
ones  now  in  request  are:  1.  Complete  Court-Keeper,  or 
Land-Steward's  Assistant,  Lon.,  1716,  Svo;  8th  ed.,  1819, 
8vo.  2.  Poetical  Register;  or.  Lives  and  Characters  of  the  ' 
English  Dramatic  Poets,  1723,  2  vols.  Svo. 

•■Notwithstanding  some  few  errors  in  it,  it  is  by  much  the  best 
Doi.li  (.1  the  kind  hitherto  extant."— Biog.  Dramat.,  ITIil. 

■'  Nearly  of  the  same  mean  and  despicable  nature  as  Winstanlev's 
English  Poets."— ,Si>  S.  K  BrydgesS  Phillips's  T/iad.  Poet.  Annl'ic, 
pp.  1.,  Ix.xvii.  q.v.  J      f 

Jacob's  own  dramas— Love  in  a  Wood,  a  Farce  1714 
12mo,  and  The  Soldier's  L.ast  Stake,  a  Comedy— gained 
their  author  no  distinction;  and  the  latter  was  ridiculed 
by  Dr.  Sewel. 

3.  New  Law  Dictionary,  1729,  fol.;  11th  ed.,  1797,  2 
7,  ^  i°-  ,  J;"''  •■""^  '"'"'  '^''-  ^y  Sir  T.  E.  Tomline,  edited 
T>i^  "^^cJT^"'^'^^  ^y"^-  C-  Granger,  1825,  2  vols.  4to; 
Phila.,  1836,  3  vols.  Svo. 
"For  practical  purposes  Bouvier's  Law  Dictionary  is  in  every  re- 
leet  much  to  be  preferred  to  the  Enelish  work."lj/„r,„-„v.r^„ 


JAD 


- ...  ,-....  ..._^.  i,.,i,,u3ea  Duuviers  L,aw  uictionarv  is  in  everv  re- 

MbUmt  P'-'^f""')  to  'be  English  work."lj/«n.m'/Lj,. 

4.  Law  Grammar,  1749 ;  8th  ed.,  by  John  Hargrave,  1840 
12mo  See  Poetical  Register;  Biog.  Dramat,;  Bridgman's 
Leg.  Bibl.;  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit.;  Wallace's  Reporters:  Do- 
naldsons  Agricult.  Biog.;  Disraeli's  Quarrels  of  Authors. 
Ihis  voluminous  author  did  not  escape  the  compliments 
ol  the  great  satirist  of  the  age : 

■•Jacob,  the  scourge  of  Gramm.ir,  mark  with  awe, 
Hot  less  revere  the  blunderbuss  of  law." 
T„„„i.    XI  ,    .    ,  ^"ncinrf.  b.  iii.  1. 149. 

Jacob,  Henry,  d.  in  Virginia  soon  after  1624,  founder 
01  the  first  Independent  Congregational  Church  in  Eng- 
land, was  a  native  of  Kent,  educated  at  St.  Mary's  Hall 
Oxford,  and  obtained  the  benefice  of  Cheriton,  in  Kent 
He  pub.  a  Treatise  on  the  Sufi'erings  and  Victorie  of  Christ 
Lon.,  159S,  Svo,  a  Defence  of  the  same,  1000,  4to,  and 
several  theolog.  works,  for  an  account  of  which  see  Genl 
Diet  ;  Athen.  O.xon.;  Strype's  Life  of  Whitgift.  Jacob's 
treatise,  noticed  above,  was  the  first  answer  to  Bp.  Bilson's 
berms.  on  Redemption,  preached  in  1597,  pub.  159S,  Svo. 
See  BiLsoN,  TH0.MAS. 

Jacob,  Henry,  1606  or  '07-1652,  son  of  the  preceding 
was  the  author  of  Oratio  Inauguralis,  Grreca  et  Latina 
Poemata,  English  Poetry,  Ac,  (all  pub.  by  Heary  Birkhead, 
.  ?"'  ^''  ""''  ''''^'  ^""^^  'earned  treatises  in  MS.  See 
Athen.  0.icon. ;  Biog.  Brit.,  art.  Dickinson. 

Jacob,  Henry.     Hebrew  Grammar,  1810  Svo 
410*^"**'  '^•^•''''"■^"'l-     Bedlam;  a  Poem,  Lou.,  1723, 

Jacob,  John.     Theolog.  treatises,  Lon.,  1678-79 
Jacob,  John.     Annals  of  the  British  Norman  Isles 
Lon.,  imp.  Svo. 

Jacob,  Joseph.  Serms.,  1702,  '05,  both  4to.  See 
Bogue  and  Bennett's  Hist,  of  Dissenters;  Lon.  Quar.  Rev., 
i.  118,  (by  Robt.  Southey.) 

'^■■'w'J,''."'''*?^''-     Wl'eel-Carriages,  Ac.,  Lon.,  1773, 
74,  both  4to.     bee  Donaldson's  Agricult.  Biog 

Jacob,  itt  The  Days,  Months,  and  Seasons  of  the 
lear,  Lion.,  iyo.j,  sq. 

of  ^^';u'''t"'"  ^^..^  ^"^  ^^"'^  ^^"'■'^^  -"^  "'^  Plurality 
ot  Worlds,  Lon.,  1855,  fp.  Svo. 

Jacob,  William,  d.  1851,  aged  89,  at  one  time  a  Lon- 
don merchant,  and  M.P.  from  1808-12.  pub.  Travels  in  tlie 

f.v'^^i!)-  'r  !°  'I  ^*"''-"'  '"°'  I'™"  !»"•  (favourably 
reviewed  in  Edm.  Rev.,  .xviii.  123-152,)  and  several  treatises 
on  subjects  of  Political  Economy,  among  which  are--l  Two 
Reports  on  the  Tr.ade  in  Corn,  and  The  Agricult.  of  the 

.%',''  of  Europe,  1S26-27,  fob;  printed  by  H.  of  C. 
.„„M,,'°'"',ir'*""''  'r''°"''°  "  e™'  '■eil  of  valuable  information  re- 

.bf'p^°  ?°1"'7  '",'°  *'»'=  Production  and  Consumption  of 
the  Precious  Metals,  1831,  2  vols.  Svo.     Undertaken  at 
the  suggestion  ot  Mr.  Huskisson,  who  assisted  the  author' , 
Ihou^  perhaps  the  best  on  the  subject,  this  work  is  very  de-  I 


T-'^hT!'  J,\  ^^,  'o^o'^'^,^  and  some  of  its  defidencies  pointed  out, 
su  ra  SI  Edinburgh  Review,"-McCunocH :  uul 

Yet  the  work  is  highly  commended  by  the  Edin.  Rev 
the  Lon.  Quar.  Rev.,  the  Times,  and  the  Spectator.     See 
HusKisso.-.,  -iVlLLlAM,  M.P.     A  Biography  of  Mr.  Jacob 

bidL^    Rl     1  '"  b""-  ^"V-  "^^^S-'  ^l"^'  18»2.     See  also 
index  to  Blackw.  Mag.,  vols,  i.-l 

Jacobs,  Frederic.  1.  First  Greek  Reader,  with  Notes 
by  Edwards,  Lon.,  12mo.  2.  Latin  Reader,  Pt.  1,  15th 
ed.  1855,  12mo;  Pt.  2,  9th  ed.  1855,  12mo.  .3.  Hellas;  or, 
the  Home  Hist.,  A-c.  of  the  Greeks,  1855,  fp.  Svo 

Jacobs,  Sarah  S.,  aresidentof  Cambridgeport,  Mass., 
^s  a  native  of  Rhode  Island,  and  the  daughter  of  the  late 
Kev.  Bela  Jacobs  a  Baptist  minister.  Miss  Jacobs  is  the 
author  o  a  number  of  poems  not  yet  collected,  some  of 
which  will  be  found  m  Griswold's  Female  Poets  of  America. 

Miss  Jacobs  has  recently  pub.  a  vol.  entitled  Nonnntura 
and  Natick,  Mass.  S.  S.  Soc,  Eost.,  1854,  12mo.  This  is 
a  history,  in  a  popular  style,  of  the  New  England  Indian 
tribes,  with  a  sketch  of  the  missionary  labours  of  John 
bhot,  the  Apostle  to  the  Indians.  It  has  been  commended. 
l„;i'"'i?     J   n  Scenes,   Incidents,   and   Adventures 

in  the  I  acihc  Ocean,  under  Capt.  B.  Morrell,  N.  York,  12mo. 

0.1,  ,*','*'  ^''"-  '•  ^''""  Iie:iJer.  by  Edwards:  Pt.  1, 
9h  ed.,  843,  12,no;  Pt.  2,  6th  cJ.,  1839,  12mo.  B^ 
M.-iJor;  2d  ed.,  1842,  fp.  Svo.  2.  Mysteries  of  the  Latiu 
Language  Revealed,  1840, 12mo.  3.  Self-Instructing  Latin 
Classics,  1842,  2  vols.  12mo.  4.  Do.  Grammar,  1843ri2mo. 
Jacobson,  James.  Tobias,  a  Dramatic  Poem;  with 
other  pieces,  ISIS,  fp.  Svo. 

p*'f'=°Vv°"?  ^^™-'  Vicar  of  Ewelme,  1847;  Regius 
Prof,  of  Divinity,  Cxford,  1848;  Canon  of  Christ  Chu?ch  • 
formerly  \  ice- Principal  of  Magdalene  Hall,  Oxf ,  and  Per^ 
petual  Curate  of  Ifflcy.  1.  Patres  Apostolici,  O.xf.,  1S40 
2  vols   Svo;  3d  ed.,  1847,  2  vols.  Svo.     Reviewed  in  Edin 

at  Ifiiey;  2d  ed.,  1846,  12mo. 

Jacobus,  flielaucthon  Williams,  D.D.,  b.  1816,  at 
Newark,  N.J.,  Prof,  of  Oriental  and  Biblical  Literature 
and  Exegesis  m  the  Western  Theological  Seminary,  Pres- 
byterian Church  1.  Letters  to  Bishop  O'Connor  and  Gov. 
Bigler  on  the  Public  School  Controversy.  2.  Notes  on  the 
Gospels  and  Acts,  N.  York,  1849-52,  3  vols.  12mo.  Vol 
..  contains  Matthew,  with  the  harmony;  vol.  ii.,  Mark  and 
Luke;  vol  ni.,  Jubn  and  Acts.  3.  Question-Books  de- 
signed to  accompany  the  preceding  three  vols 

m,'.nta;,f,.'f;'r;'','i''  '"""""f  ?  ■"•■"'>■  4uaimcutions  for  a  successful  com- 
mentatoi  on  the  sacred  Scriptures.    To  a  mind  vigorous  bv  original 

^ot^o?ahi'.ir'otder''"'"'^^"'""'f°f■="'=^'=''''^-'»g•--"^^^^ 

powers  ot  a  high  order,  a  sound  judgment,  a  severe  liferarv  ta.st,. 
a  deep-toned  piety,  an  earnest  love  of  truth,  a  fammarity  with^Bn; 

«  suS  ItT;  "f  T'°r-  f™  P"^*"-""  obse^atton ;  wW^ 

the  stje  in  which  he  clothes  his  thoughts  is  clear,  strong  comnacu 

aud  epigrammatic.     HLs  plan  has  some  novel  fiatures  wS  en 

hance  the  value  of  his  labours."-S,W,v,w,„a  Sucra  ™ 

lUe.  .yithor,  by  his  learning,  taste,  and  skill,  is  eminently  qnali- 

Jacocks,    A.    B.     General    Features   of  the   Moral 
Government  of  God,  Bost.,  1848,  12mo. 
Jacomb,  Ilobert.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1785,  Svo 
Jacomb,  Thomas,  D.D.,  1622-1687,  ejected  from  the 
living  ot  St.  Martin,  Ludgate,  for  Non-conformity,  1662 
He  was  one  of  the  continuators  of  Poole's  Annotations! 
He  pub.  a  Treatise  Of  Holy  Dedication,  Lon.,  1088   Svo  • 
three  single  serms.,  1657;  and  18  Serms.  on  Rom.  vii.  1-4* 
"His  sermons  are  cle.ir.  solid,  and  aflectionate."— Da  W  KiiEa 
Jacomb,  Wm.     Throe  Serms.,  1719-36 
Jacque,  James.     System  of  the  World,  Lon.,  1800 
Jacyucs,  Alexander,  Jr.,  b.   in  London,  1830,  a 

D™agoa^B:;,'t56.'''"'""'  "  ''^  ''''"'"'  "'  "  ''<"^''''  «" 

Jacques,    John.      Ordination   by   meer   Presbyters 

proved  void  and    null,  Lou.,  1707   8vo  i-resDyters 

tbp''R'"*r'''', **'"!•*.  '^™°'-  <"■  ^'  ^-  F'-ancke's  Guide  to 
the  Reading  A,.,  of  the  beriptures,  with  Life  of  the  Author, 
jLon.,  1815,  Svo.  ' 

r,r/''T'""'.'''"";''"'="°  f""*  above  work]  deserves  to  be  often 

read.    It  contains  the  best  rules  fur  studying  the  Scriptures  that  I 

ever  remember  to  have  seen.'--DR.  Doddridge.      ^"^""^'^^  """  ' 

Mr.  Samuel  Jackson  has  recently  favoured  us  with  a 

rans.  of  Guericke  s  Life  of  the  e.^cellent  Francke,  Lon., 

li>.J7,  l^mo      Jacques  also  pub.  a  book  on  Arithmetic  and 

Education''  '"   ^"^'  """^  ""  ^''"^  °"  InteUectual 

Jacquin,  J.     Con.  to  Med.  Obs.  and  Inq.,  1755 

Jadis,    Henry.     Catalogue   of  some   Books  in  his 

Library,  Lon.,  lS26,r.  Svo.    Privately  printed.    Pp.  37-48 

comprise    Shakesperiana :    a  complete   collection   of  the 


JAE 


JAM 


Books  and  Pamphlets  relative  to  Shakespeare.  Notices 
of  JVIr.  Jadis's  valuable  Library  will  be  found  in  Dibdin's 
Lib.  Cuiup.,  ed.  1825,  388-389,  394,  396,  815, 

Jaeger,  Professor  B.  1.  Class-Book  of  Zoology, 
N.  Yurk,  ISmo.  Highly  commended.  2.  The  Life  of  N. 
American  Insects,  Providence.  R.I.,  Svo.  In  this  work 
Prof.  J.  was  assisted  by  II.  C.  Preston,  M.D. 

Jagel,  Abr.     Catcchis.  Judceorum,  Lon.,  1696,  fol. 

Jager,  Robert,     Decimals,  Lon.,  1651,  Svo. 

Jago,  Richard,  1715-1781,  son  of  the  Rev.  Richard 
Jago,  (Rector  of  Bcaudesert,  Warwickshire.)  was  educated 
at  University  College,  Oxford,  and  presented  successively 
to  the  livings  of  Harbury.  Chesterton,  Suitterfiehl,  and 
Kimcote.  He  was  the  author  of  two  sermons,  1755,  Svo, 
1763,  Svo;  Edgehill.  a  Poem,  1767.  4to;  Labour  and  Ge- 
nius; or,  The  Mill-Stream  and  the  Cascade,  a  Kable,  1768, 
4to;  an  Elegy  on  Blackbirds,  pub.  in  the  Adventurer  as 
Gilbert  West's;  and  other  poetical  pieces.  A  collective 
edit,  of  his  Poems,  with  an  account  of  the  author's  life, 
was  pub.  in  1784,  Svo,  by  .John  Scott  Hylton.  Jago  was 
a  poet  of  some  merit,  and,  what  is  still  more  to  his  credit, 
an  excellent  parish  priest.  See  his  life,  by  llylton;  John- 
sou  and  Clialmers's  Brit.  Poets;  Nichols's  Lit.  Anec. 

Jagoe,  J.     Legal  publications,  Lon.,  1846-51. 

Jakob,  Therese  A.  JL,  Von.  See  Robinson,  Mrs. 
Edward. 

James  I.,  King  of  Scotland,  1395-1437,  the  second 
Bon  of  King  Robert  III.,  was  captured  hy  an  English 
cruiser  when  on  his  way  to  France  in  14U6,  and  kept  a 
prisoner  in  England  until  1423,  when  he  ascended  the 
Scottish  throne.  He  was  assassinated  by  some  rebellious 
subjects  at  Perth  in  1437.  He  employed  his  imprisonment 
to  such  good  purpose  as  to  become  famous  for  his  erudition 
and  manifold  accomplishments.  As  an  author  he  is  best 
known  by  The  King's  Qubair,  (Book,}  consisting  of  197 
seven-lined  stanzas,  and  elicited  by  the  charms  of  the 
Lady  Jane  Beaufort,  of  the  blood-royal  of  England,  whom 
he  beheld  in  the  garden  from  his  window  in  Windsor 
Castle.  Need  we  add  that  the  restoration  to  freedom  left 
the  royal  wooer  still  a  captive,  and  that  the  Lady  Jane 
became  Queen  of  Scotland  ?  The  other  poems  ascribed  to 
him  are  Christis  Kirk  of  the  Grene;  (also  attributed  to 
James  V.;)  Peblis  to  the  Play,  (doubtful;)  Falkland  on  the 
Grene,  a  Song  on  Absence,  and  some  minor  pieces.  The 
Poetical  Remains  of  James  I.,  edited  by  Wm.  Tytler,  were 
pub.,  Edin.,  1783,  Svo,  The  Works  of  James  I.,  contain- 
ing the  three  poems  noticed  above,  with  two  others  gene- 
rally ascribed  to  King  James  V., — The  Gaberlunzie  Man, 
and  the  Jollie  Beggar, — were  pub.  at  Perth,  1786,  ll'mo. 
Tytler's  edit,  is  accused,  by  Ritson  and  others,  of  many 
errors.  The  poems  of  James  will  also  be  found  in  Sib- 
bald's  Chronicles  of  Scottish  Poetry.  It  is  alleged  that 
portions  of  The  King's  Quhair  are  superior  to  any  poetry 
produced  in  England,  with  the  exception  of  Chaucer's, 
before  the  age  of  Elizabeth.     Indeed,  Ellis  says, 

"It  is  full  of  simplicity  and  feeling,  and  is  uot  inierior  in  poetical 
merit  to  any  similar  production  of  Chaucer.'" — Spec,  of  tlie  Early 
Eng.  I'oets,  ed.  1S45,  L  ^14. 

Uallam  remarks  that 

"The  King's  Quhair  is  a  long  allegory,  polished  and  imaginative, 
but  with  some  of  the  tediousuess  usual  in  such  productions." — Lit. 
Hist,  of  Europe,  ed.  1864,  i.  126. 

But  perhaps  no  one  has  better  described  the  author  and 
his  poem  than  Washington  Irving,  in  the  article  entitled 
A  Royal  Poet,  in  the  Sketch-Book.  This  admirable 
sketch — which  was  declared  by  Lockhart  (Blackwood's 
Mag.,  vi.  55y,  Feb.  1820J  to  be  "infinitely  more  graceful 
than  any  piece  of  American  writing  that  ever  came  from 
any  other  hand,  and  well  entitled  to  be  classed  with  the 
best  English  writings  of  our  day" — is,  or  ought  to  be, 
familiar  to  all  of  our  readers. 

"1  have  been  particularly  interested,"  remarks  Irving,  after  a 
visit  to  the  prince's  former  prison  in  Windsor  Castle,  "by  those 
parts  of  the  ijoem  which  breathe  his  immediate  thoughts  concern- 
ing his  situation,  or  which  are  connected  with  the  apartment  in 
the  Tower.  They  have  thus  a  personal  and  local  charm,  and  are 
given  with  such  cirtuDistantial  truth  as  to  make  the  reader  present 
with  the  captive  in  his  prison,  and  the  companion  of  his  mediUi- 
tions.  ...  As  an  amatory  poem  it  is  edifying,  in  theee  days  of 
courser  thinking,  to  notice  the  nature,  retinement,  and  exquisite 
delicacy  which  pervade  it,  banishing  every  gross  thought  or  im- 
modest expression,  and  presenting  temale  loveliness  clothed  in  all 
its  chivalrous  attribntcH  of  almost  sujiernaturdl  purity  and  grace.'' 
^Sketch-Book,  ed.  N.  York,  1S65,  10^-110,  117. 

It  is  declared  that  James  was  as  ready  with  his  sword 
as  with  his  pen,  and  equally  so,  we  may  add,  with  his  feet, 
voice,  and  fingers,  for  he  could  sing,  dance,  and  play  on 
eight  different  instruments  of  music.  The  Scotch  histo- 
rians can  never  say  enough  in  his  praise: 

"Ita  orator  erat,  ut  ejus  dictione  niliil  fuerit  artificiosius ;  ita 


Poeta,  ut  carmina  non  tarn  arte  strinxisse,  quam  natnra  sponto 
fudisse  videretur.  Cui  rem  fidem  faciuut  carmina  diveisi  generis, 
quae  iu  rhythmum  Scotice  illigavit,  eo  artificio,"  &.c. — Bishop  Les- 
ley: De  Rebus  Gest.  Scot.,  vd.  lOTo,  4to,  Ub.  vii.  257,  26G,  267. 

See  also  Hector  Boetius'sScotorum  Hist. ;  other  histories 
of  the  period,  and  King  James's  Works;  Pinkerton's  An- 
cient Scottish  Poems;  Major  de  Gestes  Scotorum;  Ales- 
sandro  Tassoni,  Pensieri  Diversi ;  Mackenzie's  Lives ; 
Irving's  Lives  of  the  Scottish  Poets;  Park's  Walpole's  R. 
and  N.  Authors;  Geo.  Chalmers's  Poetic  Remains  of  some 
of  the  Scottish  Kings,  now  first  collected,  1824;  Scotia 
Rediviva;  Chambers  and  Thomson's  Biog.  Diet,  of  Emi- 
nent Scotsmen;  Life  in  Rees's  Cyc,  by  Dr.  Burney; 
;  Warton's  Hist,  of  Eng.  Poet.;  Scott's  Poet.  Works,  Ab- 
bottsford  edit.,  1851,  642,  545;  Prescott's  Miscellanies,  ed. 
1855,  282. 

James  II.,Kiugof  Scotland,  son  of  the  preceding, 
was  killed  at  the  siege  of  Roxburgh,  1460,  in  the  29th 
year  of  his  age.  Epistola  ad  Carolum  VII.  See  D'Achery's 
Spicil.,  iii.  8U1. 

James  IV,,  King  of  Scotland,  grandson  of  the  pre- 
ceding, was  killed  at  the  battle  of  Eloddcn  Field,  1513,  aged 
40.  He  is  said  by  Bishop  Tanner  (Bibliotheca)  to  have 
written  upon  the  Apocalypse ;  but  this  is  doubtfuh  See 
Park's  Walpole's  R.  and  N.  Authors. 

James  V.,  King  of  Scotland,  son  of  the  preceding, 
d.  1542,  in  the  'i'-id  year  of  his  age.  To  him  are  ascribed 
Christis  Kirk  of  the  Grene,  and  the  Gaberlunzie  Man,  (see 
James  L,  ante.)  These  two  were  pub.  by  John  Callander, 
Edin.,  1782,  Svo.  See  Park's  R.  and  N.  Authors;  Pinker- 
ton's  Select  Scottish  Ballads;  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit.;  Lowndes's 
Bibl.  Man.  Christis  Kirk  of  the  Grene  is  a  great  favoiir- 
ite  with  the  Scotch  : 

"One  likes  no  language  but  the  Faery  Queen: 
Or  Scot  will  tight  lor  Christ's  Kirk  o'  the  Ureen." 

Pope:  Jmit.  of  Hor.^  lib.  ii.  ep.  1. 

James  VI.  of  Scotland  and  I.  of  England,  1566- 
1625,  grandson  of  the  preceding,  and  only  child  of  Mary, 
Queen  of  Scots,  by  her  cousin,  Henry  Stuart,  Lord  Darnley, 
when  only  18  years  of  age  pub.  a  vol.  entitled  Essayes  of  a 
Prentice  in  the  Divine  Art  of  Poesie,  with  the  Rewles  and 
Cauteles  to  be  pursued  and  avoided,  Edin.,  1584,  4to.  In 
this  vol.  we  have  a  mixture  of  poetry  and  prose,  neither 
of  much  value.  The  latter  gives  the  reader  instructions 
in  the  proper  mode  of  making  verse.  This  was  reprinted 
in  Edin.,  1814,  sm.  4to,  with  a  Prefatory  Memoir  by  R.  P. 
Gillies.  A  copy  of  the  original  ed.  was  sold  at  Biudley's 
sale  for  £26  be.  In  1591  appeared  His  Maiesties  Poeticall 
Exercises  at  Vacant  Houres,  4to,  and  other  works  followed 
this  collection.  In  1610  (fol.)  was  given  to  the  world  a  col- 
lective ed.  of  his  prose  compositions: 

James  1.  his  workes,  pub.  by  the  Bp.  of  Winchester. 
Fine  portrait  by  Passe,  and  frontispiece  by  Elstrack,  folio. 
Containing  Paraphrase  on  Revelation,  Meditations,  Basi- 
licon  Doron,  Daemonolugy,  Counterblast  to  Tobacco,  Law 
of  Free  Monarchies,  Powder  Treason,  Defence  of  the 
Rights  of  Kings,  PrEemonition  to  Christian  Monarchs, 
Speeches,  <fee. 

For  an  account  of  the  separate  publications  of  his  ma- 
jesty, and  works  connected  with  his  reign,  we  must  refer 
the  reader  to  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit.;  Lowndes's  Bibl.  Man.; 
Park's  Walpole's  R.  and  N.  Authors ;  Sir  J.  Harrington's 
Nugie  Autiquje ;  Arthur  Wilson's  Hist,  of  his  Life  and 
Reign;  the  histories  of  the  time;  Decker's  Eutertainment 
to  K.  James;  Nichols's  Progress  of  James  I.  ;  Times  of 
James  I.,  1848,  2  vols.  8vo  ;  Disraeli's  Literary  Character, 
and  Quarrels  of  Authors;  Lon.  Retrospec.  Rev.,  xi.  88; 
Index  to  Blackw.  Mag.,  vols.  i.-l.  Nor  must  we  omit  to 
mention  Secret  Histories  of  the  Court  of  James  I.,  with 
Notes  and  Introduction  by  Sir  W.  Scott,  2  vols.  Svo, 
ISll.  Contents:  Osborne's  Traditional  Memoirs,  Sir  A. 
Weldon's  Court  and  Character  of  James  I.,  Aulicus  Coqui- 
naria?,  Sir  E.  Peyton's  Divine  Catastrophe  of  the  House 
of  Stuart. 

As  an  author  his  majesty  certainly  has  not  enjoyed  the 
same  reputation  since  his  death  that  he  did  iu  the  midst 
of  his  brilliant  court.  Horace  Walpole — not  generally  un- 
willing to  find  merit  in  noble  pens — dismisses  his  majesty's 
literary  claims  with  more  wit  than  flattery : 

"One  remark  I  ainnot  avoid  making;  the  king's  speech  is  al- 
ways supposed  by  parliament  to  be  the  speech  of  the  minister :  how 
cruel  would  it  have  been  ou  King  James's  ministers,  if  that  inter- 
pretation had  prevailed  in  his  reign !  .  .  .  Bisbi>p  Montague  trans- 
lated all  his  majesty's  works  into  Latin:  a  man  of  so  much  patience 
was  well  worthy  of  favour."- — R.  and  N.  Authors,  Park's  ed.,  i. 
115-116, 120. 

As  regards  his  theological  abilities,  an  eminent  authority 
remarks : 

"llis  character  as  a  man  imfortunately  adds  no  weight  to  his 


JAM 

sentiments  as  an  expositor:  and  his  works  would  long  ago  hare 
been  forgotten,  had  they  not  been  the  production  of  a  royal  antlior. 
I  ought  not  to  omit  his  Majesty's  poetical  translation  of  the  Psalms 
ef  David;  a  poor  production  from  a  scholar  of  Buchanan." — Or  litems 
Bibl.  Bib. 

James  II.,  King  of  England,!  633-1701,  second  son 

of  the  preceding,  wrote  an  account  of  his  life,  which  was 
preserved  in  MSS.  in  the  Scotch  College  at  Paris  until  the 
Revolution,  and  was  subsequently  destroyed.  See  Clarke, 
James  St.4nier;  Innes,  Louis;  Isnes,  Thomas.  The 
Royal  Tracts  of  James  II.  were  pub.  in  Paris,  1692,  8vo. 
Some  other  productions  were  ascribed  to  his  majesty.  See 
Park's  Walpole's  R.  and  N.  Authors;  Lowndes's  Bibl. 
Man.  ;  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit.  ;  Frankland's  Annals  of  James  I. 
and  Charles  L,  16S1,  fob;  C.  J.  Fox's  Life  of  James  II., 
and  other  histories  of  the  period  ;  Disraeli's  Quarrels  of 
Authors;  Bp.  Goodman's  Hist,  of  his  Own  Time. 

James.  Digest  of  the  Laws  of  South  Carolina,  Co- 
lumbia, 1814,  Svo. 

".\n  imperfect  )>ook.  not  respected,  and  but  little  used." — Grif- 
fitliS  Lam  Keg.,  S24, 

James,  Mrs.     Vindio.  of  Ch.  of  England. 
James,  C'apt.  Charles,  pub.  some  poems,  leg.al, 
political,  and  military  works.     Military  Dictionary,  Lon., 
18(12,  4tu;  ;'.d  cd.  1811,  2  vols.  8vo ;  again,  1817,  Svo. 

James,  David.     Semis.,  1780,  1804,  both  Svo. 

James,  EdAvard.  Remarks  on  the  Mines,  Manage- 
ment, Ores,  (fee.  of  the  District  of  Guanaxuato,  belonging 
to  the  Anglo-Mexican  Mining-Association,  Lon.,  1827. 
Reviewed  in  Lon.  Quar.  Rev.,  xxxvi.  81-106. 

James,  Edwin.  Exped.  from  Pittsburg  to  the 
Rocky  Mountains,  1S19-20,  under  the  command  of  Major 
S.  H.  Long.  U.S.  T.E.,  Phila,  1823,  2  vols.  4to,  and  atlas; 
Lon.,  1823,  3  vols.  8vo.  Mr.  James  was  botanist  and 
geologist  to  the  Expedition,  which  is  known  as  Major 
Long's  Finst  Expedition.  Reviewed  in  the  North  Amer. 
Rev.,  xvi.  242-269,  and  in  the  Lon.  Quar.  Rev.,  xxix.  1-25. 
For  a  notice  of  the  Second  Expedition,  see  Keating, 
William  H. 

James,  Edwin.   B'krupt  Act,  5  4  6  'Vict.,  1842, 12mo. 

James,  Elizabeth  Mary.  Select,  from  the  Annals 
of  Virtue  of  Madame  de  Sillery,  1795,  8vo. 

James,  Francis.  Threnodia  Henrio.  Exequiarum, 
1612.     See  Wood's  Fasti  Oxon. 

James,  George  Payne  Rainsford,  h.  in  London 
about  1800,  commenced  his  literary  career  at  an  early  age 


JAM 

History,  1849,  3  vols.  19.  Darnley,  1830,  3  vols.  20. 
Delaware,  3  vols. ;  subsequently  pub.  under  the  title  of 
Thirty  Years  Since,  1848,  1  vol.  21.  De  L'Orine,  1830,  3 
vols.  22.  Desultory  Man,  3  vols.  23.  Educational  In- 
stitutions of  Germany,  1  vol.  24.  Eva  St.  Clair,  and  other 
Tales,  1843,  2  vols.  25.  False  Heir,  1843,  3  vols.  26. 
Fate.  1851,  3  vols.  27.  Fight  of  the  Fiddlers,  1848,  1  vol. 
28.  Forest  Days,  184.3,  3  vols.  29.  Forgery;  or.  Best  In- 
tentions, 1848,  3  vols.  30.  Gentleman  of  the  Old  School, 
1839,  3  vols.  31.  Gipsy,  1835,  3  vols.  32.  Gowrie;  or. 
The  King's  Plot,  1  vol.  33.  Heidelberg,  1846,  3  vols. 
34.  Henry  Masterton,  1832,  3  vols.  35.  Henry  Smeaton, 
1850,  3  vols.  36.  Henry  of  Guise,  1839,  3  vols.  37.  His- 
tory of  Charlemagne,  1832, 1  vol.     38.  History  of  Chivalry, 

1  vol.  39.  Hist,  of  Louis  XIV.,  1838,  4  vols.  40.  His"t. 
of  Richard  Coeur  de  Lion,  1841-42,  4  vols.  41.  Huguenot, 
1838,  3  vols.  42.  Jacquerie,  1841,  3  vols.  43.  John 
Jones's  Tales  from  English  History,  for  Little  John 
Joneses,  1849,  2  vols.  44.  John  Marston  Hall,  18.34,  3 
vols.;  subsequently  pub.  under  the  title  of  Little  Ball  o' 
Fire,  1847,  1  vol.  45.  King's  Highway,  1840,  3  vols. 
46.  Last  of  the  Fairies,  1847,  1  vol.  47.  Life  of  Edward 
tlie  Black  Prince,  1822,  2  vols.  48.  Life  of  Henry  IV.  of 
France,  1847,  3  vols.  49.  Life  of  Vicissitudes,  1  vol.  50. 
Man-at-Arnis,  1840,  3  vols.     51.  Margaret  Graham,  1847, 

2  vols.  52.  Mary  of  Burgundy,  1833,  3  vols.  53.  Me- 
moirs of  Great  Commanders,  1832,  3  vols.  54.  Morley 
Ernstein,  1842,  3  vols.  55.  My  Aunt  Pontypool,  3  vols. 
56.  Old  Dominion;  or.  The  Southampton  Massacre,  1856, 

3  vols.  57.  Old  Oak  Chest,  3  vols.  68.  One  in  a  Thou- 
sand, 1835,  3  vols.  59.  Pequinillo,  1852,  3  vols.  60. 
Philip  Augustus,  1831,  3  vols.  61.  Prince  Life,  1855,  1 
vol.  62.  Revenge,  1851,  3  vols.;  so  styled  by  the  book- 
seller, without  the  author's  consent.  It  was  originally 
pub.  in  papers  under  a  different  name.  63.  Richelieu, 
1829,  3  vols.  64.  Robber,  1838,  3  vols.  65.  Rose  D'Al- 
bret,  1840,  3  vols.  66.  Russell,  1847,  3  vols.  67.  Sir 
Theodore  Broughton,  1847,  3  vols.  68.  Smuggler,  1845, 
3  vols.  69.  Stepmother,  1846,  3  vols.  70.  Story  without 
a  Name,  1852,  1  vol.  71.  String  of  Pearls,  1849,  2  vols. 
72.  Tioonderoga;  or.  The  Black  Eagle,  1854,  3  vols.  73. 
Whim  and  its  Consequences,  1847,  3  vols.  74.  Woodman, 
1847, 3  vols.    75.  Lord  Montagu's  Page,  Phila.,  1 858, 12mo. 

It  will  be  seen  that  the  above  list  presents  a  total  of  189 
vols.,— viz. :  51  works  in  3  vols,  each,  2  in  4  vols,  each,  6  in 


by  anonymous  contributions  to  the  journ.als  and  reviews  !  -  ^o'^-  each,  and  16  in  1  vol.  each.     Almost  all  of  these 
-'"'"'"  ' .     .       - -        y„i5   arg  Qf  ji,u  post-octavo  size.     Mr.  James  is  .also  the 


■which  catered  to  the  literary  taste  of  "a  discerning  pub- 
lic." Some  of  these  juvenile  effusions  fell  under  the 
notice  of  Washington  Irving,  and  this  gentleman,  with 
his  usual  kindness  of  heart,  encouraged  the  young  author 
to  venture  upon  something  of  a  more  important  character 
than  the  fugitive  ess.ays  which  had  hitherto  employed  his 
pen.  Thus  strengthened  in  his  literary  proclivity,  the 
young  aspirant  nibbed  his  "gray-goose  quill,"  commenced 
author  in  earnest,  and  gave  to  the  world  in  1822  his  first 
work, — a  Life  of  Edward  the  Black  Prince.  Mr.  James 
now  turned  his  attention  to  a  field  which  had  recently  been 
cultivated  with  eminent  success, — historical  romance. — 
and  completed  in  1825  his  novel  of  Richelieu,  which, 
having  received  the  favourable  verdict  of  Sir  Walter  Scott, 
made  its  appearance  in  1829.  This  was  followed  in  the 
next  year  by  Darnley  and  De  L'Orme. 

Richelieu  was  so  fortunate  as  to  secure  the  favour  of 
the  formidable  Christopher  North  of  Blackwood ;  but  this 
invaluable  commendation  was  withheld  from  Darnley : 

*'  Mr.  Colburn  has  lately  given  us  two  books  of  a  very  dilferent 
character,  Richelieu  and  Darnley.  Richelieu  is  one  of  the  most 
spirited,  amusing,  and  interesting  ri  iiniinces  I  ever  read ;  characters 
well  drawn — incidents  well  managed — story  perpetually  progressive 
— cata.strophe  at  once  natural  and  unexpected — moral  good,  but 
not  goody — and  the  whole  felt,  in  every  chapter,  to  be  the  work  of 
a — (Gentleman." — Nodes  Ambrosianxi April,  1830;  Blackw.  Mag., 
xxvii.  6S8,  q.  V. 

From  this  time  to  the  present  (1858)  Mr.  James  has 
been  no  idler  in  the  Republic  of  Letters,  as  the  following 
alphabetical  list  of  his  writings  amply  proves: 

1.  Adra,  or  The  Peruvians;  a  Poem,  1  vol.  2.  Agin- 
court,  1844,  3  vols.  3.  Agnes  Sorrel,  1853,  3  vols.  4. 
Arabella  Stuart,  1853,  3  vols.  5.  Arrah  Neil,  1845.  3  vols. 
6.  Attila,  1837,  3  vols.     7.  Beaucbamp,  1848,  3  vols.     8. 


editor  of  the  Vernon  Letters,  illustrative  of  the  times  of 
William  III.,  1841,  3  vols.  8vo;  and  of  Wm.  Henry  Ire- 
land's historical  rom.ance  of  David  Rizzio,  1849,  3  vols.  p. 
8vo ;  and  was  associated  with  Dr.  E.  E.  Crowe  in  the  Lives 
of  the  Most  Eminent  Foreign  Statesmen,  1832-38,  5  vols, 
p.  8vo,  (4  vols,  were  Mr.  James's,  and  1  vol.  Dr.  Crowe's,) 
and  with  Mr.  Maunsell  B.  Field,  in  the  composition  of 
Adrian,  or  The  Clouds  of  the  iMind,  1852,  2  vols.  p.  Svo. 

To  this  list  m.ay  be  added  Norfolk  and  Hereford,  (in  a 
collection  entitled  Seven  Tales  by  Seven  Authors,)  and 
enough  articles  in  various  periodicals  to  fill  eight  or  ten 
volumes.  Perhaps  we  should  not  omit  to  notice  that  a 
work  entitled  A  Brief  History  of  the  United  States  Bound- 
ary Question,  drawn  up  from  official  papers,  pub.  in  Lon- 
don, 1839,  Svo,  and  ascribed  to  Mr.  James,  is  not  his  pro- 
duction; nor  had  he  any  share  (further  than  writin"  a 
preface,  or  something  of  that  kind)  in  another  work  often 
credited  to  him, — Memoirs  of  Celebrated  Women,  1837,  2 
vols.  p.  Svo.  During  the  reign  of  William  IV.  the  author 
received  the  appointment  of  historiographer  of  Great 
Britain;  but  this  post  was  resigned  by  him  many  years 
since. 

There  have  been  new  edits,  of  many  of  Mr.  James's 
novels,  and  some  or  all  of  them  have  appeared  in  Bentley's 
Series  of  Standard  Novels.  There  has  been  also  a  Parlour- 
Library  Edition.  A  collective  edit,  was  pub.  by  Smith, 
Ehler  &  Co.,  commencing  in  Juno.  1844,  and  continued  by 
Parry,  and  by  Simpkiu,  Marshall  k  Co.  In  America  they 
have  been  popular,  and  pub.  in  large  quantities. 

.A.bout  1850,  Mr.  James,  with  his  family,  removed  per- 
manently to  the  United  States.  He  was  British  Consul  at 
Richmond,  Virginia,  from  1852  to  Sept.  1858.  when  he  wag 


Blanche  of  Navarro;  a  Play,  1839,  1  vol.     9.   Book  of  the     appointed  Consul  at  Venice,  where  he  now  (1858)  resides. 


Passions,  1838, 1  vol.  10.  Cameralzaman  ;  a  Fairy  Drama, 
1848,  1  vol.  11.  Castelneau;  or.  The  Ancient  Regime, 
1841,  3  vols.  12.  Castle  of  Ehrenstein,  1847,  3  vols.  13. 
Charies  Tyrrell,  1839,  2  vols.  14.  City  of  the  Silent;  a 
Poem,  1  vol.  15.  Commissioner;  or,  De  Luuatico  Inqui- 
rendo,  1842,  1  vol.  16.  Convict,  1847.  3  vols.  17.  Corse 
de  Leon,  the  Briyand,  1841,  3  vols.  IS.  Dark  Scenes  of 
950 


The  space  which  we  have  occupied  by  a  recital  of  the  titles 
only  of  Mr.  James's  volumes  necessarily  restricts  the 
quotation  of  criticisms  upon  the  merits  or  demerits  of  their 
contents.  It  has  fallen  to  the  lot  of  few  authors  to  be  so 
much  read,  and  at  the  same  time  so  much  abused,  as  the 
owner  of  the  fertile  pen  which  claims  the  long  list  of 
novels  commencing  with  Richelieu  iu  1829  and  extending 


JAM 

to  Lord  Mnntigu's  Page  in  1S5S.  Thnt  there  should  be  a 
family  likeness  in  this  numerous  race — where  so  many,  too, 
are  nearly  of  an  age — can  be  no  matter  of  surprise.  The 
mind,  like  any  other  artisan,  can  only  construct  from 
materials  which  lie  within  its  range;  and  when  no  time  is 
allowed  for  the  accumulation  and  renewal  of  these,  it  is 
vain  to  hope  that  variety  of  architecture  will  conceal  the 
identity  of  substance.  Vet,  after  all,  the  champion  of  this 
popular  author  will  probably  argue  that  this  objection 
against  the  writings  of  Mr.  James  is  greatly  overstated 
and  e.\travagantly  overestimated.  The  novelist  can  draw 
only  from  the  experience  of  human  life  in  its  different 
phases,  and  these  admit  not  of  such  variety  as  the  inordi- 
nate appetite  of  the  modern  Athenians  unreasonably  de- 
mantls.  A  new  series  of  catastrophes  and  perplexities,  of 
Uiortifications  and  triumphs,  of  joys  and  sorrows,  cannot 
be  evoked  for  the  benefit  of  the  reader  of  each  new  novel. 
Again,  Mr.  James's  admirer  insists  that  this  charge  of 
sameness  so  often  urged  against  our  novelist's  writings 
is  perhaps  overstated.  Where  one  author,  as  is  frequently 
the  case,  gains  the  reputation  of  versatility  of  talent  by 
writing  one  or  two  volumes,  it  is  not  to  be  believed  that 
Mr.  James  exhibits  less  in  one  or  two  hundred.  He  who 
composes  a  library  is  not  to  bo  judged  by  the  same 
standard  as  he  who  writes  but  one  book.  And  even  if 
the  charge  of  ''sameness"  be  admitted  to  its  full  extent, 
yet  many  will  cordially  concur  with  the  grateful  and 
graceful  .acknowledgment  of  one  of  the  most  eminent  of 
modern  critics : 

■■  I  hitil  every  fresh  publication  of  James,  though  I  half  know 
what  he  is  goiug  to  do  with  his  lady,  and  his  gentleman,  and  his 
landscape,  and  his  niystc-ry,  and  his  orthodo.\y,  and  his  criraiual 
trial.  But  I  am  charmed"  with  the  new  amuseniout  wliich  he 
brings  out  of  old  materials.  I  look  on  him  as  I  lotik  on  a  nmsician 
famous  for  "variations."  I  am  gi-ateful  for  his  vein  of  cheerful- 
ness, for  his  singularly  varied  and  vivid  landscapes,  for  his  power 
of  painting  women  at  once  ladylike  and  loving,  (a  rare  tident,)  for 
making  lovers  to  match,  at  once  beautiful  and  well-bred,  and  for 
the  Boliiee  which  .ill  this  has  aftorded  me,  sometimes  over  and  over 
again,  in  illness  and  in  convalescence,  when  I  required  interest 
without  violence,  and  entertainment  at  once  animated  and  mild." — 
Leigh  Hunt. 

Two  of  the  severest  criticisms  to  which  Mr.  James's 
novels  have  been  subjected  are,  the  one  in  the  London 
Athenajum  for  April  11.  1846,  and  the  one  in  the  North 
American  Review  (by  E.  P.  Whipple)  for  April,  1844. 
From  each  of  these  we  quote  a  few  lines : 

'' The  first  and  most  otniuus  contrivance  for  the  attainment  of 
quantity  is,  of  course,  Dilution;  but  this  recourse  has  practically 
its  limit,  and  Mr.  James  had  reached  it  long  ago.  Conmionplace 
in  its  best  day,  any  thing  more  feeble,  vapid, — slojipi/,  in  fact,  (for 
we  know  not  how  to  characterize  this  writer's  style  but  by  some 
of  its  own  elegancie3.)^than  Mr.  James's  manner  has  become,  it 
were  difficult  to  imagine.  Every  literary  grace  has  been  swamped 
in  the  spreading  marasmus  of  his  style," — AthcnKum :  ubi  supra. 

"  He  is  a  most  scientific  expositor  of  the  fact  that  a  man  may  be 
a  maker  of  books  without  being  a  maker  of  thoughts ;  that  he  may 
be  the  reputed  author  of  a  hundred  volumes  and  flood  the  market 
with  his  literary  wares,  and  yet  h-ive  very  few  ideas  and  principles 
for  Ins  stock  in  trade.  For  the  last  ten  years  he  has  been  repeating 
his  own  repetitions  and  echoing  his  own  echoes.  His  first  novel 
was  a  wln-t  that  went  through  the  target,  and  he  has  ever  since 
bff-n  asHidunusly  firing  through  the  liole.  .  .  .  When  a  man  hius 
little  or  nothing'  to  say.  he  should  say  it  in  the  smallest  space.  He 
should  not.  Jit  any  rate,  take  up  more  room  than  sulfices  for  a 
creative  mind.  He  should  not  provoke  hostdity  and  petulance  by 
the  effrontery  of  his  demands  upon  time  and  patience.  He  should 
let  us  off  with  a  few  volumes,  and  gain  our  gratitude  for  his  bene- 
volence, if  not  our  praise  for  his  talents."— E.  P.  Whipple  :  ubi 
supra,  and  in  his  Essays  and  Reviews,  ii.  116-137. 

We  have  spoken  of  Mr.  James's  champions  and  ad- 
mirers; and  such  are  by  no  means  fabulous  personages, 
notwithstanding  the  severe  censures  of  which  we  have  just 
exhibited  specimens.  A  brief  quotation  from  one  of  these 
eulogies  will  be  another  evidence  added  to  the  many  in 
this  volume  of  a  wide  dissimilarity  in  critical  opinions: 

"His  pen  is  prolific  enough  to  keep  the  imagination  constantly 
nourished ;  and  of  him.  more  than  of  any  modern  writer,  it  may 
be  said,  tliat  he  has  improved  his  style  by  the  mere  dint  of  constant 
and  abundant  practice.  For,  although  so  .agreeable  a  novelist,  it 
must  not  be  forgotten  that  he  stands  infinitely  higher  as  an  histo- 
rian. .  .  .  The  most  fantastic  and  beautiful  coruscations  which  the 
skies  can  exhibit  to  the  eyes  of  mankind  dart  as  if  in  play  fiom 
the  huge  volumes  that  roll'  out  from  the  cr.ater  of  the  volcano.  .  .  . 
The  recreation  of  an  enlarged  intellect  is  ever  more  valuable  than 
the  highest  efforts  of  a  confined  one.  Hence  we  find  in  the  works 
before  us,  [Corse  de  Leon,  The  Ancient  Regime,  and  The  Jacquerie.] 
lightly  as  they  have  been  thrown  off.  the  traces  of  study,— the  foot- 
steps of  a  powerful  and  vigorous  understanding." — Dublin  Uni- 
versity Magazine,  fliarch,  1842. 

The  Edinburgh  Review  concludes  some  comments  upon 
our  author  with  the  remark, 

"Our  readers  will  perceive  from  these  general  observations  th.at 
wc  estimate  Mr.  James's  abdities,  as  a  romancc^writer,  highly:  his 
works  arc  lively  and  interesting,  and  atumated  by  a  spirit  of  sound 
and  healthy  morality  in  feeling,  and  of  natural  delineation  in  cha- 


JAM 

meter,  which,  we  think,  will  secure  for  them  a  calm  popularity 
wliich  will  last  Itcyrjod  the  present  ilay." 

We  have  before  us  more  than  thirty  (to  be  exact,  just 
thirty-two)  commendatory  notices  of  our  author,  but 
brief  extracts  from  two  of  these  is  all  for  which  we  can 
find  space. 

"He  belongs  to  the  historical  school  of  fiction,  and,  like  the 
masters  of  the  art,  takes  up  a  real  person  or  a  real  event,  and,  pur- 
suing the  course  of  history,  makes  out  the  intentions  of  nature  by 
adding  circumstances  and  heightening  character,  till,  like  a  statue 
in  the  hands  of  the  sculptor,  the  whole  is  in  fair  proportion,  truth  . 
of  sentiment,  and  character.  For  this  he  has  high  qualities,— an 
excellent  taste,  extensive  knowP-ilge  of  history,  a  right  feeling  of 
the  chivalrous,  and  a  heroic  and  a  ready  eye  for  the  picturesque : 
his  proprieties  are  admirable;  his  sympathy  with  whatever  is  high- 
Bouled  and  noble  is  deep  and  impressive.  His  best  works  are 
Richelieu  and  .Mary  of  Burgundy."— Allan  Cu.nnixgh.im  :  Bmj. 
and  Crit.  Hist,  of  the  Lit.  of  tlie  Last  Fi.fly  Years.  1K33. 

The  critic  next  to  be  quoted,  whilst  coinciding  in  the 
objections  prominently  urged  against  Mr.  James  as  an 
author, — repetition,  tediousnoss,  and  deficiency  of  terse- 
ness,— yet  urges  on  his  behalf  that 

"There  is  a  constant  appeal  in  his  brilliant  pages  not  only  to  the 
pure  and  generous,  but  to  the  elevated  and  noble  sentiments ;  he  is 
indiued  witli  the  very  soul  of  chivalry;  and  all  his  stories  turn  on 
the  final  triumph  of  those  who  are  influenced  by  such  feelings 
over  such  as  are  swayed  by  selfish  or  b,Tse  desires.  He  possesses 
great  pictorial  powers,  and  a  remarkable  faciUty  of  turning  his 
graphic  pen  at  will  to  the  delineation  of  the  most  distant  and  oppo- 
site  scenes,  manners,  and  social  customs.  .  .  .  Not  a  word  or  a 
thought  which  can  give  pain  to  the  purest  heart  ever  escapes  from 
his  pen;  and  the  mind  wearied  with  the  cares  and  grieved  at  the 
selfishness  of  the  world  reverts  with  pleasure  to  his  varied  com- 
positions, which  carry  it  back,  as  it  were,  to  former  days,  and 
portray,  perhaps  in  too  brilliant  colours,  the  ideas  and  manners 
of  the  "olden  time."— Sir  Archid.ild  Alison  :  Hist,  of  Eurojte,  1S15- 
52,  chap.  v..  1S53.  See  also  Alisou's  Essays,  1S60,  iii.  545-546; 
North  British  Review,  Feb.  1SJ7,  art.  on  Modern  Style. 

James,  Henry,  D.D.,  Master  of  Queen's  Coll.,  Camb. 
1.  Serin.,  Lon.,  1674,  4to.  2.  Serm.,  1674,  4to. 
James,  Henry.  Bank-Restriction  Act,  1818. 
James,  Henry,  of  Alljany,  New  York.  1.  Moralism 
and  Christianity;  or,  Man's  Experience  and  Destiny,  N. 
York,  1850,  12mo.  2.  Lectures  and  Miscellanies,  1852, 
12mo.  3.  The  Church  of  Christ  not  an  Ecclesiasticism, 
1854.  4.  The  Nature  of  Evil  Considered  in  a  Letter  ad- 
dressed to  the  Rev.  Edward  Eeecher.  D.D.,  author  of  The 
Conflict  of  Ages,  1855,  12mo.  See  Putnam's  Mag., 
May,  1855,  545-547.  5.  Christianity  the  Logic  of  Creation, 
1857,  12mo. 

"  Henry  James,  of  Albany,  is  the  most  argumentative  and  elo- 
quent advocate  of  new  social  principles  in  the  country." — U.  T. 
'fucKERMAN  :   .SlvteJt  of  Amer.  Lit. 

James,  Isaac.  1.  Providence  Displayed:  Alex.  Sel- 
kirk, Ac,  Lon.,  1800, 12mo.  See  De  Foe,  Daniel,  p.  489. 
2.  Essay  on  the  Signof  the  Prophet  Jonah, Bristol,18U2,8vo. 
"Mr.  James's  Essay  on  Jonah  has  some  attractions,  though  we 
should  not  venture  to  recommend  it  for  general  adoption.'* — British 
Critic. 

James,  J.  H.  On  Land  and  Building  Societies, 
Lon.,  1854,  12mo. 

"  Mr.  James  has  carefully  executed  the  design  of  his  work."— 
Legal  Observer. 

James,  John.     Trans,  of  Claude  Perrault's  Treat,  on 
the  Five  (Orders  of  Architecture,  Lon.,  1708,  fol. 
James,  John.     Serms.,  1678,  '82,  both  4to. 
James,  John.     1.  Trans,  of  Pozzo's  Perspective,  Lon., 
1707,  fol.     2.  Trans  of  Le  Blond's  Gardening,  1712,  4to. 

James,  John.  Survey  and  Demand  f.r  Dilapida- 
tions in  the  See  of  Canterbury,  Ac,  Lon.,  1717,  4to. 

James,  John.  Anatomico-Chirurgieal  Views  of  the 
Nose,  Mouth,  Larynx,  and  Fauces,  180a,  fol. 

James,  John,  of  Pcnuiaen.     Serm.,  1815,  8vo. 
James,  John,  D.D.,  Dean  of  Peterborough.     1.  Com. 
mcnt.  on  the  Collects,  Ac.;  2d  ed.,  Lon.,  1826,  8vo.     2. 
Comment,  on  the  Ordination  Service,  1846,  12mo.     Other 
works. 

James,  John  Angell,  b.  1785,  an  Independent  minis- 
ter of  Birmingham,  one  of  the  most  popular  and  useful 
writers  of  the  day.  1.  Anxious  Inquirer  after  Salvation. 
Many  edits. ;  last  edit.,  184'.!,  ISmo,  fp.  8vo,  and  :)2mo.  2. 
Christian  Charity  Explained;  6th  ed.,  1850, 12mo.  H.  Chris- 
tian's Daily  Treasury,  12mo.  4.  Christian  Father's  Present ; 
1,3th  ed.,  1841,  12mo.  5.  Christian  Fellowship;  11th  ed., 
1855,  12mo.  6.  Christian  Professor  Addre.ssed;  5th  ed., 
1852,  12mo.  7.  Christian  Progress,  1853,  ISmo:  a  sequel 
to  No.  1.  8.  Church  in  Earnest;  4th  cd.,  1851,  12mo.  9. 
Course  of  Faith,  1852,  ISmo.  10.  Earnest  Ministry  the 
Want  of  the  Times;  6th  cd.,  1855,  12mo.  11.  Elizabeth 
Bates,  1845,  32mo.  12.  Family  Monitor ;  9th  ed.,  1848, 
12mo.  13.  Female  Piety  ;  or.  The  Young  Woman's  Friend 
and  Guide:  4th  ed.,  1855,  12mo.    14.  Flower  Faded,  ISmo. 

15.  Happiness;  its  Nature  and  Sources  described,  Ac..  32mo. 

16.  Jubilee  Scenes  at  Birmingham,  1S55,  fp.     17.  Memoirs 

651 


JAM 

of  Mrs.  James,  ]2mo.  18.  Olive-Branch  and  the  Cross, 
ISoO,  12mu.  19.  Pastoral  Addresses,  1840  '42  &c.  3 
series.  New  ed.,  1840,  3  vols.  J2mo.  20.  Protestant  Non- 
conformity in  Birmingham,  1849,  12mo.  21.  Serm  on  Ps 
cxiv.i.  II :  2d  ed.,  1818,  8vo.  22.  Sunday-school  Teacher's 
taide;  17th  ed.,  1845,  ISmo.  23.  True  Christian,  ISmo. 
24.  W  idow  directed  to  the  Widow's  God  :  6th  thousand,  1849, 
ISmo.  2o.  \oung  Man's  Friend  and  Guide,  2d  ed.,  1862, 
12mo  See  No  13.  26.  YoungMan  from  Home,  1839, 18mo. 
27.  Christian  Hope,  1858, 16mo.  An  account  of  this  popular 
preacher  and  author  wUl  be  found  in  Pen-Pictures  of  Popu- 
lar linghsh  Preachers,  Lon.,  1853,  274-288.  See  also 
itclec.  Kev.,  4th  series,  ii.  538;  Blackw.  Mag.,  xlv.  484: 
N  Haven  Chris.  Month.  Spec.,  ix.  428.  (hy  R.  Robbins;) 
N.  \ork  Lit.  and  Theol.  Rev.,  i.  695,  (by  W.  B.  Sprague.) 
James,  John  Thomas,  D.D.,  1786-1829,  educated 
at  Christ  Church,  Oxford;  Bish..p  of  Calcutta,  1827.  1. 
Journal  of  Travels  in  Germany,  Sweden,  RussLa,  Poland, 
&c.  in  1813-14,  Lon.,  1816,  4to,  with  plates.  A  valuable 
work.  2,  Views  in  Russia,  Poland,  Germany,  .and  Swe- 
den. Should  accompany  No.  1.  3.  The  Flemish,  Dutch, 
and  German  Schools  of  Painting,  1822,  8yo.  See  Memoirs 
ot   Bishop  James,  1830,  8vo. 

James,  L.     Letters  relating  to  the  College  of  Physi- 
cians, Lon.,  1688,  4to. 

James,  Maria,  b.  in  "Wales  about  1795,  emigrated  to 
America  in  her  seventh  year,  and  since  the  age  of  ten  has 
lived  at  service  with  a  number  of  families,  whose  re^-ard 
she  has  secured  by  the  excellence  of  her  deportment°and 
her  intellectual  abilities.  In  1833  some  of  her  compositions 
tell  into  the  hands  of  Professor  Alonzo  Potter,  D  D  of 
Union  College,  now  the  esteemed  Bishop  of  the  Protestant 
Episcopal  Church  in  the  State  of  Penn..yh.ania,  and  in 
1839  he  introduced  a  collection  of  them  to  the  public  under 
the  title  of  Wales,  and  other  Poems,  by  Maria  James 
Some  specimens  of  Miss  James's  poetry  will  be  found  in 
Griswolds  Female  Poets  of  America 

James,  Marian.     1.  Ethel :  or,  the  Double  Error,  N. 
York,  18,0,  l6mo.     2.  The  Elder  Sister.  1856,  16mo 

James,  Marmaduke.  Serm.,  1059,  4to 
T  1  '!' w?  y*"^h'*''''>  1592-1638,  a  native  of  Newport, 
Isle  ot  A^  ight,  educated  at  Exeter  and  Corpus  Christi 
(colleges,  Oxford,  pub.  a  number  of  sermons,  i-c,  1625-33 
and  left  many  MS.  pieces.  This  learned  critic  and  anti- 
'l""y„"='^,^  nephew  of  Thomas  James,  D.D..  Sub-dean 
ol  \  eUs.  feee  Athen.  Oxon. ;  Biog.  Brit.,  Siipp. ;  Bp.  Nicol- 
sons  Hist.  L,b.;  Lon.  Gent.  M.ag.,  xxxvii.  336 

thf'"!'!' '."i"^'""''  t^-^-  l'»^-l"e,  the  inventor  of 
the  celebrated  Fever  Powder,  was  a  native  of  Staiford- 
shire,  and  educated  at  St.  John's  College,  Oxford.  His 
best-known  work  is  A  Medicinal  Dictionary,  Lon.,  1743- 
45  3  vols,  fol  His  Vindication  of  the  Fever  Powder  was 
not  pub.  un ti  after  his  death.  See  Chalmers's  Bloc.. 
Diet.;  Boswell's  Life  of  Johnson.  Dr.  Johnson,  who  at 
ways  had  a  propensity  for  dabbling  in  physic,  furnished 
some  of  the  articles  for  the  MedicinTd  DiJtiJnary,  and  ob- 

p'fession  ""■■  •  "^°  "''°  ^""S'  '""'■^  "''^'1  '"  l>is 

Johnson  also  wrote  the  Dedication  (and  nothing  of  bis 
is  more  truly  "Johnsonese,")  to  Dr.  Mead 
James,  S.     Guide  to  English  Tongue,  Lon  ,  17<)9 

sevtu'^'^h:>.?a™"^'o-n.  '^'"''  "'^''"''^^  "'   "^"^  "'"> 

James,  Silas.     Voyage  to  Arabia,  Ac,  Lon.,  1797 

Poft  Phtll;  <•  **r'"",V,„'^'''  ^^""'^^ '"  S^i^'b  Australia, 
Port  Phihp,  ic,  Lon.,  1839,  8vo 

James,  Thomas,  D.D.,  1571P-1629,  a  native  of 
Ne^r'n  ^''\f)'''f^'-  -^J"'-"'"'  ■■>'  and  Fellow  of  (159.3) 
New  Col  ege,  Oxford;  appointed  Keeper  (the  first  one)  of 
the  Bodleian  Library,  1002;  resigned  this  post  in  1620; 
Sub-dean  of  Wells,  1614,  and  subsequently  Rector  of 
Mongeham,  Kent  His  best-known  work  is  A  Treatise  of 
the  Corruption  of  Scriptures,  Councils,  aud  Fathers,  by 
the  Prelates,  Pastors,  and  Pillars  of  the  Church  of  fiJme 
for  Maintenance  of  Popery  and  Irieligion,  Lon.,  1612,  4to 
1688  8vo;  edited  by  Rev.  J.  E.  Cox,  1843,  8vo.  A  new 
ed.  of  his  Bellum  Papale  (first  ed.,  1600,  4to,  again,  1678 
bvo)  was  pub.  in  1841,  12mo.  We  have  already  noticed 
h.s  Catalogue  ol  the  Bodleian  Library  in  the  Life  of  Sir 
Thomas  Bodley.  Dr.  James  was  one  of  the  most  learned 
critics  of  his  day.  See  Athen.  Oxon.;  Biog.  Brit.,  Supp. ; 
Genl.Dict.;  Usher's  Life  and  Letters;  Oldys's  Librarian 
Homes  In troduc.  to  the  Scrip. 

James,   Capt.   Thomas.     Dangerous    Voyage   for 
discovering  the  northwest  passage  to  the  South  Sea,  Lon., 


JAM 


1633,  4to,  1740,  Svo.  Also  in  Churchill's  Voyao-ei  ii  p 
47.9  1703;  in  (Joxe's  Voyages,  i.  1741;  and 'in'Harris'a 
Collection,  vol.  11.  It  is  a  valuable  work  to  the  collector 
ot  Arctic  Voyages,  and  has  brought  as  much  as  £6 
rn".w°rH'''''"7"''°",''""'""',"'"  '■'^'''"■■I'able  physical  observations 
iVZ'i-  ?•  ""■  '"','  r  '""'  "f  "">■  'iiscovery  of  importance."- 
Stevenson's  ioyagesavd  Travrh.  ^  t-  <-. 

James,  Ll.-Col.  Thomas,  R.  Artillery.  The 
Hist,  of  the  Herculean  Straits,  now  called  the  Straits  of 
Gibraltar,  Lon.,  1771,  2  vols.  r.  4to.  The  2d  vol.  contains 
detailed  accounts  of  several  sieges  and  successful  defences 
ot  Gibraltar  previous  to  the  last  great  siege  which  it  sus- 
tained. 

James,  Thomas,  d.  1804,  Head-Master  of  Ru^by 
School,  1 ,  76-93,  pub.  a  Compend.  of  Geography  for  Rugby 
School,  two  serms.,  and  the  Fifth  Book  of  Euclid  explained 
by  Algebra.  '^ 

James,  Thomas,  Vicar  of  Sibbertoft  and  Thedding- 
worth.    1.  The  Fables  of  ^sop;  a  new  version,  chiefly  from 

A,?f^"'i"'f  ^"^n^'  ^°°'  ^^*'^'  P-  ^™-     With  upwards 
of  100  illust.  by  Tenniel. 

■'Remarkable  for  the  clrarness  and  conciseness  with  which  each 
tale  18  narrated." — Lon.  Examiner, 

This  new  trans,  is  intended  to  take  the  place  of  the  de- 
fective ones  of  Croxall,  Baldwin,  L'Estrange,  ic.  The 
illustrations  add  greatly  to  the  value  of  the  work. 
"Nothing  has  been  seen  like  them  since  Bewick." 
2.  JEsoj)  for  the  Million;  38th  thousand,  1858,  p.  8vo. 
3.  The  Book  of  Common  Prayer,  Ac,  edited  with  Notes 
and  Illustrations. 

"It  is  impossible  to  speak  too  highly  of  the  exceeding  beauty  of 
this  work.  — O-tmbridge  V/ironick. 

James,  Thomas  C,  M.D.,  1766-1835,  an  eminent 
physician,  a  native  of  Philadelphia,  Penn.,  graduated  as  a 
st_udent  of  medicine  at  the  University  of  Pennsylvania  in 
liSS,  and  in  1811  was  appointed  Professor  of  Midwifery 
in  the  same  institution.  He  practised  his  profession  in 
bis  native  city  with  great  success  until  his  death.  Dr 
James  was  an  accomplished  scholar,  aud  contributed  to  the 
Philadelphia  Port-Folio,  under  the  signature  of  P.  D  ,  trans- 
lations in  verse  of  the  Idyls  of  Gessner,  which  were  highly 
commended.  See  Williams's  Amer.  Med.  Bio»  ■  Phila. 
Casket,  March,  1830;  Amer.  Med.  Jour.,  (art.  by  Hugh  L. 
Hodge,  M.D.,)  July,  1843.  ^ 

James,  \V.,  and  Mole,  A.  1.  English  and  French 
Dictionary,  Lon.,  1851,  12mo;  2d  ed.,  1852,  so.,  LeipziE, 
18o3,  12mo.     Commended. 

2.  Jajies,  W.,  and  Grassi,  G.  English  and  Italian 
Dictionary,  1855,  12mo.  3.  Diet,  of  English  and  German, 
lS5b,  sq.  ' 

James,  Wm.,  D.D.     Serms.,  1578,  '90. 
James,  Wm.     Isagoge  in  Linguam  Chaldseam,  Lon., 
1651,  8vo.  ' 

James,  Wm.,  of  Clyro.  Serm.,  Oxon.,  1729,  Svo. 
James,  Wm.  Law  on  Denford  Question,  1813,  Svo. 
James,  Wm.,  d.  1827.  1.  Military  Occurrences  of 
the  Late  War  between  G.  Britain  and  the  U.  States,  Lon  , 
1817,  8vo  ;  1818,  2  vols.  Svo.  2.  Naval  Hist,  of  6.  Britain, 
li  93-1820,  6  vols.  Svo,  and  2  4to  atlases  of  Tables,  1822  • 
2d  ed.,  with  addits.,  1826,  6  vols.  Svo;  3d  ed.,  with  addit! 
notes  and  continuation  by  Capt.  Chamier,  1847,  6  vols.  Svo. 

Ih-ltil",  'f  "■"'  "''  ""^'^-'^  "  '"  '"''  'O"  ^'S^  P'-=''8e  to  assert, 

l,f  Ar  ■'»'"",'='"'"  ;«  '^'=a"ly  lo  Perfeclion,  in  its  own  line,  as  any 
historical  work  perhaps  ever  did;  and  we  must  acknowledge  that 
we  cannot  contemplate  without  admiration  the  impartial  and  un- 
tbTVofl,""',.  ''f'°"«'!,."-"th  which  alone  could  have  supported 
thc-iiuthur  through  his  tedious  and  thankless  labours."— ia,,,  Men 

Highly  commended  by  other  authorities. 

••  Mn.  Tickler.- •  A  Naval  History  is  a  very  good  thing,  if  written 
by  a  competent  person,  which  James  is  not,  ahhough  the  man  1 S 
some  merit  as  a  chronicler.  But  the  very  idea  of  criticising  in  r 
tad  every  ac  ion,  just  as  you  would  criticise  a  volume  of  poems,  is 
not  a  little  absurd.    Southeys  Life  of  .Nelson  is  good  ' 

•■iNOKTii.— •Excellent.    Look  at  James's   History  after  reading 

"James's  Naval  History— we  love  to  carry  our  head  high  even 
n  sleei>-we  use  as  a  pUe  of  pillows  on  Clerk  of  Eldin's  book  about 
hrLaklug  the  Lme,  (an  old  achievement.)  which  has  been  our  bol- 
ster.— .lOHN  fliLsoN:  BlacKw.  Mag.,  Aug.  1S31  248 
muf  Mr^t?,!!!  i"^^«<  l;is'"'-ian  of  the  Kavy  is,  like  ourselves,  a  lands- 
JunJ,  lS2?rW7  ""   '  ■* '"'  '°'=^''™^1'1''  one."-i'Iucia,.  M.g., 

"James,  in  his  excellent  Naval  History."  tLC—Ihid.,  July,  1833  21 

T  -K  L"  '°  ^°°'  ^''-  •^"^•S  ^°^-  -^-'lis;  Goodhugh's  E.  G. 
Lib.  Man.,  52. 

"J.aine^'s  Naval  History  has  already  issued  from  the  press  in 
month  y  numbers,  at  live  sh,lbngs."-.SiR  Akcuiuali.  Au.soJ  :  Copy- 
ngMQuaUon  m  BlacLw.  May.,  Jan.  1842,  and  m  his  Essays,  1S60, 

Within  the  last  few  weeks  {i.e.  in  Jan.  1857)  a  new  ed. 
of  James  s  Naval  History  has  been  announced,  in  6  vols, 
bvo,  («.  per  vol. 


JAM 

James,  \Vm.  Bosville.  Wine-Dutics  considered 
Financially  and  Sociully:  being  a  Reply  to  Sir  James 
Emerson  Tennent  on  Wine,  its  Taxation  and  Use,  Lon., 
1856.  8vo,  pp.  204. 

Jameson.  A  Crit.  and  Prac.  Expos,  of  the  Penta- 
teuch, Lon.,  1748,  fol.     Pub.  in  numbers. 

"Compiled  with  considerable  industry  from  the  labours  of  the 
beat  interpreters,  antient  and  modern." — Home's  lUhl.  Bib. 

"Some  of  the  notes  ai'e  good;  but  others  are  tritlint^.  ITie  work 
has  never  enjoyed  much  reputation." — Orme^s  Bill.  Bib. 

Jameson,  Mrs.  Anna,  a  dauj^hter  of  Mr.  Murphy, 
late  painter-in-ordinary  to  the  Princess  Charlotte,  was 
married  about  1824  to  Mr.  Jameson,  who  has  for  many 
years  held  an  official  appointment  in  Canada.  This  union 
**  proved  less  fortunate  in  its  issues  than  in  its  promises, 
and  has  long  been  practically,  though  not  legally,  dis- 
Bolved."  The  works  of  this  lady  have  long  enjoyed  an 
extensive  popularity,  and  few  writers  of  the  age  have 
done  so  much  to  refine  the  public  taste  and  diffuse  a  know- 
ledge of  the  great  masters  of  art.  1.  The  Diary  of  an 
Ennuy6e,  written  during  a  Tour  in  Italy,  Lon.,  1826.  sm. 
8vo.  Anonymous.  2d  ed.,  1834,  p.  Svo.  Pub.  at  the  same 
time  with  Visits  and  Sketches  at  Home  and  Abroad,  2 
vols.  p.  Svo,  and  a  number  of  Mrs.  Jameson's  Tales  and 
Miscellanies  contributed  to  various  annuals,  now  first 
collected,  1  vol.  p.  Svo.  3d  ed.  of  The  Diary  of  an  En- 
nuyfie,  1838,  p.  Svo. 

"Nor  could  we  give  a  better  instance  of  real  description  and 
opinions  interwoven  with  a  romance— though  in  no  way  needin|i; 
this  fictitious  interest — than  another  established  favourite, — Mrs. 
Jameson's  Diary  of  an  Ennuyee." — Miss  Rigbt:  Lady  Travellers; 
Ltm.  Quar.  Rev.,  June.  184o. 

"A  happy  combination  of  thouglit  and  actual  obseiTation.  the 
effect  of  which  is  as  if  Sterne  bad  united  his  Sentimental  Jnurnuy 
with  the  matter-of-fact  details  of  a  topogi-apbical  guide-book." — 
Lon.  Sew  Month.  Mag. 

"The  notices  of  authors  and  artists  are  copious  and  interesting." — 
Lon.  Literary  Gazette. 

See  also  Edin.  Rev.,  Is.  197;  Lon.  Month.  Rev.,  cix.  414. 

2.  Loves  of  the  Poets,  1829,  2  vols.  p.  Svo  ;  3d  ed.,  1837, 
2  vols.  p.  Svo. 

"These  volumes  are  replete  with  the  beautiful  and  unknoiivn." — 
Westminster  Rev. 

Also  highly  commended  by  The  Atheneeum ;  Blackw. 
Mag.,  xxvi.  524,  (by  Prof.  Wilson;)  The  Literary  Gazette; 
the  Atlas,  *ltc.  See  Hallam's  Lit.  Hist,  of  Europe,  ed. 
1854,  iii.  40,  n.  Lon.  Month.  Rev.,  cxx.  17;  Amer.  Month. 
Kev.,  iii.  384. 

3.  Lives  of  Celebrated  Female  Sovereigns,  1S31,  2  vols, 
five ;  3d  ed.,  1840,  2  vols.  p.  Svo. 

"A  work  equally  agreeable  to  old  or  young  could  hardly  be  pro- 
duced."— Lon.  Lit.  Gaz. 

4.  Characteristics  of  Women:  Moral,  Poetical,  and  His- 
torical, 1S32,  2  vols.  8vo;  4th  ed.,  1846,  2  vols.  p.  Svo. 
New  lib.  ed.,  185S,  2  vols.  Svo.  In  these  vols,  we  have  dis- 
quisitions on  the  female  characters  of  Shakspeare's  plays. 

"Two  truly  delightful  volumes." — CukistopHer  North:  Noctcs 
Amhrosiante.  Nov.  183*2. 

"  Mrs.  Jameson's  Essays  on  the  Female  Characters  of  Shakspeare 
are  among  the  best.  It  was  right  that  this  province  of  illustration 
should  be  reserved  for  a  woman's  hand." — HaUam's  Lit.  Hist,  of 
Europe,  ed.  1854.  iii.  94. 

"  Mrs.  Jameson's  vohime  on  the  Female  Characters  is  a  most  elo- 
quent and  passionate  representation  of  Shakspeare's  women,  and  in 
many  respects  is  an  important  contribution  to  critical  literature. 
Its  defects  are  eo  covered  up  in  the  brilliancy  and  buoyancy  of  its 
Btyle.  that  they  .are  likely  to  escape  notice." — Whipple's  Essays  and 
Heviews,  ii.  22;^,  q.  v.;  also  in  N.  Amer.  Rev..  July.  184S. 

See  also  Edin.  Rev.,  Ix.  90 ;  Lon.  Month.  Rev.,  cxxviii. 
fiOl;  Amer.  Month.  Rev.,  iii.  478;  Blackw.  Mag.,  xxx. 
841;  xxxii.  859;  x.-?xiii.  124.  143.  391,  539;  xxxvi.  358, 
363,  364;  xl.  434.  435;  xliv.  23:  xlviii.  77. 

5.  Beauties  of  the  Court  of  Charles  IL,  1833,  2  vols.  r. 
4to,  £5  59. ;  large  paper.  £10  10*. ;  2  vols.  imp.  Svo,  £2  5*.  ; 
2d  ed.,  1851,  imp.  8vo  ;  21  portraits  after  Sir  Peter  Lely,  &c. 

"This  truly  beautiful  and  splendid  production  is  equally  a  gem 
among  the  Fine  Arts  and  in  Literature.  Mrs.  Jameson's  diligence 
of  research — her  charms  of  style — the  acuteness,  force,  and  justice 
of  her  remarks—her  characteristic  touches — the  racy  and  piquant 
manner  with  which  she  relates  an  anecdote — are  too  well  known  to 
require  eulogy  from  us." — Crnirt  Journal. 

"The  accompanying  Memoii-sare  wi  many  specimens  of  exquisite 
compositions  of  rare  excellence  and  high  value." — Lon.  New  Month. 
M-iff. 

6.  Visits  and  Sketches  at  Home  and  Abroad,  1S34,  2 
Tols.  p.  Svo;  3d  ed.,  1840,  2  vols.  p.  Svo.  See  No.  1. 
Highly  commended  in  The  Athenaeum  for  1S34,  489,  515- 
610,  547-548.     See  Edin.  Rev.,  Ix.  197. 

7-  Tales  and  Miscellanies,  now  first  collected.  See  No. 
1.  8.  Winter  Studies  and  Summer  Rambles  in  Canada, 
1838,  3  vols.  p.  Svo. 

"I  do  not  know  a  writer  whose  works  breathe  more  of  the  spon- 
taneous.— the  free.  Beauty  and  truth  seem  to  come  to  her  un- 
sought."— Dr.  W.  E.  Ciianninq,     See  his  Memoirs. 

See  also  Brit,   and  For.  Rev.,  viii.  134.     La  1852  was 


JAM 

pub.,  in  Longmnn's  Travellers'  Library.  Mrs.  Jameson's 
Sketches  in  Canada.  Ifiiuo,  in  2  Pis.,  and  also  in  1  vol. 
9.  Pictures  of  the  Social  Life  of  Germany,  as  represented 
in  the  Dramas  of  the  Princess  Amelia  of  Saxony,  1840,  p. 
Svo.  Mrs.  Jameson  has  enriched  her  translation  by  an 
introduction  and  notes  to  each  drama.  10.  Rubens:  his 
Life  and  Genius;  trans,  from  the  German  of  l)r.  M'aagen, 
with  an  Introduction  by  Mrs.  Jameson,  1840,  sq.  Svo. 

*'Thcre  is  scarcely  a  gallery  or  nobleman's  seat  in  Jlritain  but 
boasts  some  specimens  of  Kubcns;  and  no  work  that  Dr.  AVaagcn 
could  have  written  is  more  Ukely  to  win  him  English  readers  than 
the  present,  which  Mrs.  Jameson  has  edited  and  furnished  with  a 
very  clever  and  discriminatory  preface." — Lmi.  Aflunaum. 

il.  Handbook  to  the  Public  Galleries  of  Art  in  and 
near  London,  1842,  2  vols.  p.  Svo;  2-1  ed.,  1845,  fp.  Svo. 
This  Handbook  is  a  guide  to  the  following  collcctiuns  : — 
1.  The  National  Gallery.  2.  Windsor  Castle.  3.  Hump- 
ton  Court.  4.  Dulwich  Gallery.  5.  Soane's  Museum.  6. 
Barry's  Pictures. 

"  Mrs.  Jameson  has  indulged  in  less  of  dissertation  than  we  could 
have  thought  possible;  producing,  instead,  a  Guide-Book  of  singular 
unity,  clearness,  and  value." — Lon.  Athenstum. 

"Completed  in  a  very  excellent  manner;  and  no  equal  guJdo 
could  be  found." — Lon.  Lit.  Gaz. 

12.  Companion  to  Private  Galleries  of  Art  in  London, 

1844,  p.  Svo.  This  vol.  is  a  guide  to  the  following  collec- 
tions:— 1.  Buckingham  Palace.  2.  Bridgewater.  .3.  Su- 
therland. 4.  Grosvenor.  5.  Lansdowne.  6.  Sir  Robert 
Peel's.     7.  Saml.  Roger's. 

*■  IMeasant  to  read,  useful  to  consult,  and  valuable  as  a  vade-mo- 
cum  to  the  visitor." — Lon.  Spectator. 

The  Atheutcum  also  speaks  in  high  terms  of  this  work. 

13.  Memoirs  of  the  Early  Italian  Painters,  and  of  the 
Progress  of  Painting  in  Italy,  from  Cimabue  to  Bassano, 

1845,  2  vols.  ISnio.  This  useful  work  com])ri.*;cs  upwards 
of  30  biographies.  14.  Memoirs  and  Essays  on  Art,  Litera- 
ture, and  Social  Morals,  1846,  p.  Svo.  An  extract  from 
this  work,  entitled  On  the  Relation  of  Mothers  and  Gover- 
nesses, was  pub.  in  1848,  Svo.  15.  Sacred  and  Legendary 
Art,  1848,  2  vols.  Svo  ;  3d  ed.,  1857,  2  vols.  Svo. 

"  Mrs.  Jameson's  work  would  desen-e  a  high  place  regarded  only 
as  a  book  of  antiquarian  inquiry.  With  admirable  taste  and  judj^ 
ment,  both  of  pen  and  pencil,  she  has  opened  a  curious  branch  uf 
learning  wellnigh  forgotten  among  xis, — the  vestiges  of  wiiich, 
nevertheless,  surround  us  on  every  side." — Edin.  Jtcv.,  April,  184'J. 

Also  highly  commended  by  Blackw.  Mag,;  Lon.  Gent. 
Mag.;  Athenteum ;  Eraser's  Mag.;  Church  fif  England 
Quar.  Rev.;  Church  and  State  Gaz.;  Christian  Remenib. ; 
Guardian;  Examiner;  Britannia;  Lit.  Gaz.;  John  Bull; 
Spectator. 

Nos.  16  and  17  are  a  continuation  of  a  series  of  which 
No.  15  is  the  first.  16.  Legends  of  the  Monastic  Orders 
as  represented  in  the  Fine  Arts,  1850,  med.  Svo.  See  No.  15. 
17.  Legends  of  the  Madonna.  1852,  Svo;  2d  ed.,  1857,  Svo. 
Sec  No.  15.  Respecting  Nos.  15.  16,  17.  see  Mod.  Light  Lit., 
art.  in  Blackw.  Mag.,  Dec.  1855.  IS.  A  Commnnplai-e- 
Book  of  Thoughts,  Memories,  and  Fancies.  Original  and 
Selected:  Pt.  I.  Ethics  and  Character;  Pt.  2.  Literature 
and  Art,  1854,  sq.  cr.  8vo.  This  work  was  favourably  re- 
viewed in  the  Lon.  New  Monthly  Mag.  for  Feb.  1855, 
and  in  the  Irish  Quarterly  Rev.  for  March,  1S55,  but  met 
with  less  favour  in  The  Athen^um  for  Nov.  18,  1854.  19. 
Sisters  of  Charity,  Catliolic  and  Protestant,  at  Home  and 
Abroad;  a  Lecture  delivered  Feb.  14,  1855,  1S55,  fp.  Svo. 
Praised  by  The  Athenanim,  (1855,  399-400.)  and.  Tsith 
qualifications,  by  The  Spectator.  20.  The  Communion  of 
Labour:  a  Second  Lecture  on  the  Social  Emi)loyments  of 
Women,  1856,  fp.  Svo.     This  forms  a  sequel  to  No.  19. 

"Altogether,  Mrs.  Jameson's  little  volume  is  one  for  serious 
notice:  it  is  a  grave,  reflective,  almost  a  saddening,  book,  abounding 
in  utterances  of  the  most  genial  humanity." — At/ienienm,  1.^56, 1U14, 

An  interesting  review  of  Mrs.  Jameson's  writings  (from 
the  New  Monthly  Magazine)  will  be  found  in  the  Living 
Age,  xl.  147-152. 

We  have  quoted  quite  a  number  of  opinions  on  this 
lady's  writings,  but  many  more  which  lie  before  us  are 
excluded  by  want  of  space.  The  cordial  eulogy  of  Chris- 
topher North,  who  several  times  introduces  Mrs.  Jameson 
into  the  Noctes  Ambrosianse,  must  not  be  omilted: 

"One  of  the  most  eloquent  of  our  female  writers;  fuH  of  feeling 
and  fancy;  a  true  enthusi;ist,  with  a  glowing  soul." — A'm-.  1S31, 

See  also  his  review  of  the  Loves  of  the  Poets,  in  Blackw. 
Mag.,  xxvi.  524;  reprinted  in  Wilson's  Works,  Edin.  and 
Lon..  1856,  v.  269-297. 

Jameson,  R.  1.  The  Student  of  Salamanca;  a  Com., 
1813.     2.  A  Touch  at  the  Times;  a  Com.,  1813. 

Jameson,  R.  G.  New  Zealand,  South  Australia, 
and  New  S.  Wales,  Lon.,  1841,  p.  Svo. 

"Mr.  Jameson  is  an  intelligent  and  unprejudiced  observer,  and 
has  made  gotnl  use  of  his  faculties." — Lon.  Spectator. 

Also  recommended  by  the  Lon.  Globe. 

953 


JAM 

Jameson,  R.  S.,  of  Lincoln's  Inn.  1.  TValker's  and 
Johnson's  Dictionaries  Combined,  182S;  7th  ed.,  ISifi, 
Svo,  pp.  832.  See  Introduc.  to  Webster's  Dictionary.  2. 
Keports.     See  Glyn,  Thomas  C. 

Jamesou,  R.  W.  1.  Nimrod;  a  Dramatic  Poem, 
Lon.,  12nio.  2.  Timolcon ;  a  Tragedy,  1852,  8vo.  3.  The 
Curse  of  Uold,  1854,  12mo;  2d  ed.,  1855,  12mo. 

"The  plot  is  a  violation  of  reason,  probability,  and  common 
eensc-."— iwi.  Al/taiaum,  1855,  lli, 

Jainesuu,  Robert,  1773-1854,  a  native  of  Lcith, 
Regius  Prolcssor  of  Natural  History  in  the  University  of 
Edinburgh  from  1804  until  his  death  ;  pub.  several  valu- 
able works,  among  n-hieh  arc— 1.  Jlineralogy  of  the  Shet- 
land Islands  and  of  Arran,  Edin.,  17as,  Svo.  2.  Mine- 
ralogy of  the  Scottish  Isles,  ISOU,  2  vols.  4to;  1813,  2  vols. 
4to.  3.  External  Characters  of  Minerals,  1805,  8vo;  od 
ed.,  1817,  Svo.  4.  System  of  Mineralogy,  1804-08,  3  vols. 
Svo;  1816,  3  vols.  8vo ;  1820,  3  vols.  8vo.  5.  Manual  of 
Mineralogy,  1821,  8vo.  6.  Elements  of  Mineralogy,  1840, 
p.  Svo.  In  1819,  in  conjunction  with  Sir  David  Brewster, 
Prof.  J.  commeuced  the  publication  of  the  Edinburgh 
Philos.  Jour.,  and  was  editorially  connected  with  this 
periodical  until  his  death.  Ho  also  contributed  articles  to 
the  Encyc,  Brit.,  the  Edin.  Cyc,  the  Trans,  of  the  Wer- 
nerian  Soc,  (founded  by  Prof.  J.,)  Mc.  Jour.,  and  Thom. 
Ann.  Phil.is.  See  Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  June,  1854;  Blackw. 
Mag.,  ii.  20;  vii.  331;  xii.  45;  xiiii.  860. 

Jamesou,  Robert  F.  Historical  Tales  of  the  Re- 
formation in  the  Southwest  Provinces  of  France  and 
Navarre,  Lon.,  1839,  12mo. 

Jamesou,  Thomas.     Medical  treatises,  1789-92. 

Jamesou,  Thomas,  M.D.   Med.  Ueatises,  Ac,  1792- 

Jamesou,  Wm.,  Prof,  of  Hist,  in  the  Univ.  of  Glas- 
gow. Spiciiegia  Antiquitatum  Egypti  atque  ei  Vicimarum 
Gentium,  Glasg.,  1720,  Svo. 

''This  work  coutains  occasional  illustrations  of  the  Scriptures, 
and  discovers  considerable  actiuaiuUince  with  ancient  literatuie, 
and  wuh  the  geography  of  Palestine  and  Egj-pt.''— t><-)/ie's  Biljl.  Bih. 

Jameson  pub.  several  theolog.  treatises,  168IJ-1713. 

Jamesou,  Wm.  Essay  on  Virtue  and  Harmony, 
Edin.,  1749,  12mo.  This  is  an  attempt  to  reconcile  the 
various  theories  of  moral  obligation. 

Jamiesou,  Mrs.,  pub.  several  novels,  books  of  travels, 
and  histories,  and  The  First,  or  Mother's  Dictionary,  the 
8th  ed.  of  which  appeared  in  1851,  18mo. 

Jamiesou,  Alexander.  Mechanics  for  Practical 
Men;  4lh  ed.,  Lon.,  1S45,  Svo;   1850,  Svo. 

"A  great  meehauical  treasure."— Ur.  Birkheck. 

Other  works  on  mathematics,  geography,  history,  logic, 
rhetoric,  and  tales. 

Jamiesou,  James.     Con.  to  Ed.  Med.  Ess.,  1731-36. 

Jamieson,  Johu,  D.D.,  1759-1838,  a  native  of  Glas- 
gow, minister  of  the  Anti-Burgher  Secession  Church  in 
Scotland,  stationed  at  Forfar,  1781-97;  at  Edinburgh, 
1797-1838.  His  best-known  works  are  the  following:  1. 
Serins,  on  the  Heart,  Edin.,  1789-90,  2  vols.  Svo. 

''Very  powerful  and  seareliJug  Seiiiious  on  this  subiect." — 
Sickersleth's  C.  H. 

2.  A  Vindic.  of  the  Doct.  of  Scripture  and  of  the  Primi- 
tive Faith  cone,  the  Deity  of  Christ,  Lon.,  1794,  2  vols.  Svo. 

"A  very  able  and  learned  reply  to  Priestley's  History  of  Early 
Opinions." — Btckf.rd€th's  C.  S. 

"I  am  ineliued  to  think  the  imioirer  will  find  more  satisfaction 
m  Dr.  Jamieson  tlian  in  ]ii>luq,  limvlev."— C/rme's  BM.  Bib. 

3.  Use  of  Sacred  History.  ISO:.',  2  vols.  Svo. 

"Very  important,  and  cak"ulated  to  be  very  useful."— Orme's 
Stbl.  Bib. 

4.  Etymological  Dictionary  of  the  Scottish  Language, 
Edin.,  1S08-09,  2  vols.  4to,  £i  is.  Abridged  edit.,  1818, 
Svo,  14«.  Supp.  to  the  large  edit.,  1825,  2  vols.  4to, 
making  in  all  4  vols.  4to,  1808-09,  '25;  2d  ed.,  enlarged, 
including  Supp.,  edited  by  John  Johnstone,  Lon.,  1840-41, 
S  Parts  iu  4  vols.  4to.  Parts  1-4  comprise  a  now  ed.  of  the 
Dictionary;  Parts  5-8  a  new  ed.  of  the  Supp.  Only  350 
copies  were  pub.,  at  fS  8s.  Abridged,  1846,  Svo,  £1  1».; 
1S50,  Svo,  12».  This  is  one  of  the  most  valuable  lexico- 
graphical works  ever  issued.  The  erudition,  patience, 
and  industry  of  the  author  are  beyond  jiraise:  his  accu- 
racy, however,  is  not  always  beyond  question.  But  who 
is  to  decide  where  there  must  be  so  much  of  mere  conjec- 
ture? We  may  bo  allowed  to  suggest  that  the  philologist 
should  secure,  as  a  companion  for  Jamieson's  Dictionary, 
Dictionarium  Scoto-Celticum,  pub.  by  The  Highland  So- 
ciety, 1825,  2  vols.  4to,  £7  7».;  large  p.aper,  £10  10s.;  con- 
densed edit.,  with  additional  words,  £1  Is.  This  excellent 
work,  on  which  Drs.  McLcod  and  Dcwar  expended  much 
labour,  is  for  the  Gaelic  (or  Celtic  dialect  of  Scotland) 
what  Dr.  Jamieson's  is  for  the  pure  Scottish.  A  review 
of  the  la.«t-namcd  work  will  be  louud  iu  Edin.  Rev.,  xiv. 


JAN 

121-145.  5.  Hermes  Pcythiieus;  or.  The  Radical  Affinities 
of  the  Greek  and  Latin  Languages  to  the  Gothic,  1814, 
Svo.  Dr.  Noah  Webster  (see  the  Introduc.  to  his  Diction- 
ary) thinks  Jamieson  in  error  in  several  positions  advanced 
in  this  and  the  preceding  work.  6.  Hist.  Account  of  the 
Ancient  Culdees  of  lona,  Edin.,  1811,  4to.  7.  Grammar 
of  Rhetoric  and  Polite  Literature,  1818,  12mo.  Dr.  J. 
pub.  a  number  of  single  serms.,  some  poems,  Ac.  See 
AVatt's  Bibl.  Brit. ;  Chambers  and  Thomson's  Biog.  Diet, 
of  Eminent  Scotsmen,  1855,  vol.  v. ;  Lon.  Gent.  Ma"- 
Oct.  1838. 

Jamiesou,  Robert,  Popular  Ballads  and  Songs 
from  Tradition,  MSS.,  and  Scarce  Edits.,  Edin,  1S06,  2 
vols.  Svo. 

"This  work  ....  opened  a  new  discovery  respecting  the  ori- 
ginal source  of  the  .Scottish  Ballads.  .  .  .  Mr.  Jamieson's  annota- 
tions are  also  very  valuable."— Sir  Walter  Scott:  Introduc.  Jie- 
marks  on  ropidar  Poetry, 

Jamieson,  Robert,  minister  of  Currie.  1.  Manners 
and  Trials  of  the  Primitive  Christians  ;  2d  ed.,  Lon.,  184 1, 
fp.  Svo.  Highly  praised.  2.  Eastern  Manners  illustra- 
tive of  the  Old  Test.  Hist.,  Edin.,  1836,  18mo;  new  ed., 
Lon.,  1843,  ISmo:  3.  Of  the  Gospels,  1837,  ISmo;  Edin., 
1838,  ISmo;  4.  Of  the  Epistles,  1841,  ISmo:  3d  ed.  of 
Eastern  Manners  illust.  of  the  N.  Test.  Hist.,  1851,  12mo. 
5.  Third  ed.  of  Prof  Geo.  Paxton's  Illust.  of  Scrip,  from 
the  Geography,  Natural  Hist.,  and  Manners  and  Customs 
of  the  East,  1842,  4  vols.  12mo.  Mr.  J.  also  edited  The 
Excitement,  or  A  Book  to  induce  Young  People  to  Read; 
an  annual  publication  issued  from  1830  to  '47  inclusive. 

Jamieson,  Robert,  D.D.,  minister  of  St.  Paul's 
Church,  Glasgow.  1.  Cyclopa'diaof  Religious  Biography, 
Glasg.  and  Lon.,  1853,  p.  Svo.  A  very  useful  compendium. 
2.  Scripture  Readings,  1853,  fp.  Svo. 

Jamiueau,  I.     Mt.  'Vesuvius;  Phil.  Trans.,  1755. 

Jaue,  Joseph.  Icon  Aclastes,  or  the  Image  Un- 
broken; being  a  Defence  of  the  Icon  Basilice  against  Mil- 
ton's Icon  Aclastes,  1651,  4to.     Anon. 

Jane,  Joseph.     Righteousness,  Brist.,  1766,  Svo. 

Jaue,  Wm.,  D.D.     Serms.,  1075-92. 

Jaues,  Robert.  1.  The  Psalter  and  Canticles  pointed 
for  Chanting;  new  ed.,  Lon.,  1S43,  32mo;  1S52,  32mo. 
2.  Hymns  and  Canticles  used  in  the  Morning  and  Evenin" 
Service;  new  ed.,  18mo  and  12mo. 

Janes,  Thomas.  1.  Serms.,  Brist.,  1771,  2  vols. 
12mo.  2.  Beauties  of  the  Poets,  Lon.,  1777,  Svo.  Sea 
Atmore's  Methodist  Memorial. 

Janeway,  Jacob  J.,  D.D.,  1774-1858,  a  native  of  the 
city  of  New  York,  graduated  at  Columbia  College,  1794, 
became  a  Presbyterian  minister,  (was  also  for  some  time 
connected  with  the  Reformed  Dutch  Church,)  and  filled  seve- 
ral important  ecclesiastical  posts.  For  a  number  of  years 
before  his  death  he  was  a  resident  of  New  Brunswick,  N.  Jer- 
sey. 1.  Expos,  of  the  Epist.  to  the  Romans,  Phila.,  ISmo. 
2.  Expos,  of  the  Epist.  to  the  Hebrews,  18mo.  3.  Internal 
Evidence  of  the  Holy  Bible,  12mo.  4.  Expos,  of  the  Acts 
of  the  Apostles,  24mo.  5.  Communicant's  Manual,  ISmo. 
6.  On  Unlawful  Marriage,  N.  I'ork,  1844,  ISmo.  7.  Let- 
ters on  the  Abrahamic  Coven.ant.  8.  Mode  of  Baptism. 
9.  Essays  on  the  Inability  of  Sinners.  10.  Letters  on  the 
Atonement.  11.  Review  of  Sohatf  on  Protestantism.  12. 
With  the  Rev.  Samuel  Miller,  D.D.,  The  Christian  Edu- 
cation of  the  Children  and  Youth  in  the  Presbyterian 
Church,  Phila.,  ISmo.  A  biographical  notice  of  Dr.  Jaue- 
way  will  bo  found  in  the  (Phila.)  Presbyterian  Magazine, 
May,  1853. 

Jane  way,  James, 1636-1674,  a  Non-conformist  divine 
at  Rotherhithe,  pub.  four  single  serms.,  1671-74;  the  Lil'o 
of  his  brother  John,  1673,  8vo;  The  Saint's  Encourage- 
ment to  Diligence,  a  Legacy  to  his  Friends,  1675,  8vo ; 
a  Token  for  Children,  1676,  Svo,  often  reprinted ;  and 
Heaven  upon  Eaith,  1677,  Svo.  See  the  ed.  of  the  last, 
with  a  Hist,  of  the  Janeway  Family,  by  Rev.  F.  A.  Cox, 
D.D.,  1S47,  sm.  Svo.  See  also  Athen.  Oxon. ;  Granger's 
Biog.  Hist,  of  Eng. ;  Calamy;  Robt.  Hall's  Works,"  ed. 
1853,  iv.  434-437. 

Jauuey,  i^amuel  L.  Poems.  See  South.  Lit.  Mess., 
V.  605. 

Janney,  Samuel  M.,  b.  Loudon  co.,  Va.,  ISOl,  a 
member  of  the  Society  of  Friends.  1.  The  Country  School- 
House,  a  pri-ze  poem,  1825.  2.  Conversations  on  Religious 
Subjects,  12mo,  1835;  3d  ed.,  Phila.,  1843.  3.  The  Last 
of  the  Lenape;  and  other  poems,  12mo,  1839.  See  South. 
Lit.  Mess.,  V.  506.  4.  A  Teacher's  Gift,  1840.  5.  An 
Historical  Sketch  of  the  Christian  Church,  1847.  6.  Life 
of  William  Penn,  with  selections  from  his  correspondeuee 
and  autobiography,  Phila.,  r.  Svo,  1S52;  3d  ed.,  1856,  cr. 
Svo.  ,    , . 


JAIf 


JAR 


"Our  author  has  acquitted  himself  in  a  manner  worthy  of  his  l 
Bubjoct.    Hi9  style  id  easy,  flowing,  and   yet  sententious.    Alto- 
gether, we  consider  it  a  highly  valuable  addition  to  the  literature 
of  our  age,  and  a  work  that  should  find  its  way  into  the  library  of 
every  Friend."— i^rWHti.':'  Tntdliffencfr,  Pliila. 

The  last  ed.  contains  an  appendix  in  which  the  stric- 
tures of  Mr.  Macaulay  are  examined. 

7.  The  Life  of  Geo.  Fo.x,  with  dissertations  on  his  views 
concerning  the  doctrines,  testimonies,  and  discipline  of  the 
Christian  Church,  8vo,  1853;  2d  ed.,  1856,  cr.  8vo.  See 
Living  Age,  xl.  232;  Fox,  George,  p.  025.  Nos.  6  and  7 
have  been  favourably  received  in  England. 

Janson,  B.     Dutch  and  Eng.  Dictionary,  1793,  4to. 

Jaiison,  Charles  William,  "late  of  the  State  of 
Rhode  Island,"  resided  in  America  from  1793-1806.  1. 
The  Stranger  in  America,  Lon.,  1S07,  4to.  Severely  con- 
demned in  the  Edin.  Rev.  for  April,  1S07,  hut  more  fa- 
vourably noticed  (by  John  Foster)  in  the  Eclectic  Review; 
and  see  Foster's  Essays,  1850,  i.  44-62.  Other  notices  of 
the  work  will  be  found  in  the  foliowing  English  periodicals 
for  1807:  Month.  Rev.,  May;  Anti-Jacobin  Rev.,  June; 
Oxford  Rev.,  June  ;  Eclectic  Rev.,  June ;  European  Mag., 
May  ;  Monthly  Mirror,  May  ;  Modern  Plutarch,  May  ; 
Sporting  Mag.,  April;  Cabinet,  July;  and  see  Rich's 
Bibl.  Amer.  Nova,  ii.  29.  2.  Condition  of  the  States  of 
Barbary,  1816,  12mo. 

Jau8seu,  Sir  Stephen  Theodore,  Bart,  Cham- 
berlain of  London.  1.  Smuggling  Laid  Open,  Lon.,  1763, 
'67,  8vo.  2.  Letter  to  Lord-Mayor  Beckford,  1770,  4to. 
3.  Some  of  Janssen's  MSS.  were  pub.  in  Charles  King's 
Collee.  of  Papers  rel.  to  the  Trade  and  Com.  of  G.  Brit, 
and  Ireland,  1743,  3  vok.  8vo. 

JaniLS,  Jun.     Essays  in  Verse,  Lon.,  1766,  12mo. 

Jaques,  John.  The  Hist,  of  Junius  and  his  Works, 
Lon.,  1843,  cr.  8vo.     See  Junius. 

Jaques,  Wm.     See  Jacques.    • 

Jardiue,  Lt.  Transit  of  Venus,  Ac. ;  Phil.  Trans.,  1769. 

Jardine,  Major  Alexander.  Letters  from  Barbary, 
France,  Spain,  Portugal,  Ac,  Lon.,  1788,  2  vols.  8vo; 
1793,  2  vols.  8vo.     Anon. 

Jardine,  David.  1.  General  Index  to  Howell's 
State  Trials,  Lon.,  1828,  8vo.  2.  Criminal  Trials,  1832- 
35,  2  vols.  12mo.  Part  of  the  series  of  the  Library  of 
Entertaitiing  Knowledge.  3.  A  Reading  on  the  Use  of 
Torture  in  the  Criminal  Law  of  England,  1837,  8vo. 

'■A  very  learned  and  ingenious  Reading." — T.  B.  Macaulay: 
Crit.  and  Hist.  Essai/s,  Lfm.,  1S54;  ii.  ISO,  n..  <;.  v. 

4.  A  Narrative  of  the  Gunpowder  Plot,  1857,  12mo. 

The  Athenaeum  of  Feb.  7,  1857,  (p.  181,)  and  the  Gent. 
Mag.  of  Feb.  1857,  (p.  213,)  give  very  different  accounts  of 
this  book,  which  may  be  called  a  new  ed.  of  vol.  ii,  of  Mr. 
Jardine's  Criminal  Trials. 

Jardine,  David  B.,  minister  of  the  Unitarian  Chapel, 
Bath.  1.  Three  Discourses,  Lon.,  1792,  cr.  8ro.  2.  Serms. 
from  his  MSS.,  with  his  Life,  Ac.  by  Rev.  J.  P.  Estlin, 
1798,  2  vols.  8vo. 

Jardine,  George,  1743-1827,  Prof,  of  Logic  and 
Rhetoric  in  the  Univ.  of  Glasgow,  1774-1827.  Outlines 
of  Philosophical  Education,  Glasg.,  1818,  Svo;  2d  ed., 
enlarged,  1825,  Svo. 

"  Contains  much  valuable  matter  in  the  nature  of  remarks  upon 
the  present  mode  of  teucliiug  in  our  universities,  with  suggestions 
towards  a  reform." — Wi;stiiiir/sUi-  l^ev. 

"  It  is  most  admirably  calculated  for  the  education  of  youth,  and 
worthy  of  all  the  praise  that  can  be  bestowed  upon  it." — Blaclcw. 
Mag.,  July,  ISIS,  g.  v. 

An  interesting  biographical  sketch  of  Professor  Jardine 
will  be  found  in  Blackwood's  Mag.,  March,  1827. 

Jardine,  John.     See  Fobbes,  John  H. 

Jardine,  L.  J.,  M.D.  Letter  from  Pennsylvania  to 
a  Friend  in  England,  Lon.,  1795,  Svo.  Contains  advice 
upon  the  subject  of  emigration.  See  Rich's  Bibl.  Amer. 
Nova,  i.  392. 

Jardiue,  William,  Surgeon,  R.N.  Essay  on  Surgi- 
cal Instruments,  Edin.,  1814,  '15,  Svo. 

Jardiue,  Sir  William,  Bart.  1.  British  Salmo- 
nidai,  Pts.  1  and  2,  Lon.,  1839-41,  each  £3  3a.  2.  Na- 
tural Hist,  of  Humming-Birds.  New  ed.,  1841,  2  vols. 
Svo,  £2  2s.  This  work  composes  vols.  i.  and  ii.  of  the 
Naturali.^t's  Library:  see  No.  3,  and  see  Gould,  John, 
No.  10.  3.  Naturalist's  Library,  1833-43,  40  vols.  12mo; 
1200  col'd  plates,  £12,  or  6s.  per.  vol.  People's  edit., 
1845-50,  £9,  or  48.  6d.  each  vol. 

"This  book  is  perhaps  the  most  interesting,  the  moat  beautiful, 
and  the  cheapest  series  ever  offered  to  tlie  public." — Lnn.  Athemrum. 

The  Illustrations,  apart  from  the  descriptive  matter, 
were  issued  in  1846,  Ac.  in  Parts  at  ba.  each.  In  the 
preparation  of  this  valuable  series,  Sir  Wm.  Jardine  was 
assisted  by  Swainson,  Watcrhouse,  Macgillivray,  Bushnan, 
Selby,  Scomburgh,  Col.  Hamilton  Smith,  Dr.  Hamilton, 


and  the  Rev.  James  Duncan.  Each  vol.  (sold  separately) 
contains  a  memoir  of  a  celebrated  naturalist.  Sir  Thomas 
Dick  Lauder  and  Capt.  Thomas  Brown  commenced  in 
November,  1833,  the  issue  of  The  Miscellany  of  Natural 
History,  the  design  of  which,  the  Loudon  Athenfeum  de- 
clares, was  taken  from  the  work  just  noticed.  See  Athen., 
1833,  802-804.  4.  Ichnology  of  Annandalo,  8  Pts.  fol., 
1852,  each  £1  Is.  5.  Contributions  to  Ornithology,'  4 
series,  1S48-51,  £3  9«.  for  all.  6.  With  Prideaux  John 
Selby,  Illustrations  of  Ornithology,  Edin.,  1829-45,  3  vols. 
4to,  £10  10«. ;  large  paper,  £15  15s.,  150  col'd  plates,  and 
150  duplicates,  plain. 

"This  is  a  very  excellent  and  valuable  work,  as  indeed  the  talent 
employed  on  it  suflieiently  ensures.  The  plates  are  beautifully 
coloured,  and  the  letter-press  accurately  and  well  written.  We 
strongly  recommend  it  to  our  scientific  readers." — Neville  Wood. 

The  editor's  assistants  in  this  work  were  J.  E.  Bicheno, 
J.  G.  Children,  John  Gould,  Major-General  llardwieke, 
Dr.  Horslield,  R.  Jameson,  Sir  T.  Stamford  Raffles,  and 
N.  A.  Vigors.  To  Sir  Wm.  Jardine  we  are  also  indebted 
for  the  Notes  and  the  Life  of  the  author  in  Wilson's 
American  Ornithology,  (with  Prince  Lucieu  Buonaparte's 
Continuation,)  Lon.,  1832,  3  vols.  Svo;  (Amer.  ed.,  with 
Synopsis  by  "T.  M.  Brewer,  N.  York,  1854,  Svo;)  an  ex- 
cellent edit,  of  White's  Natural  Hist,  and  Antiq.  of  Sel- 
borne ;  Memoirs  of  Hugh  Edwin  Strickland,  M.A.,  with 
his  Scientific  W^ritings,  1S5S,  imp.  Svo;  contributions  to 
the  Annals  of  Natural  History,  Ac.  See  Hooker,  Sir 
William  Jackson,  K.H.,  D.C.L.,  Ac. 

*'  Sir  William  Jardine,  an  excellent  practical  observer." — Blackvj. 
Mag.,  xlvii.  535. 

Jarman,  D.  E.,  of  Bedford  Episcopal  Chapel,  St. 
George's,  Bloomsbury.  1.  Romish  Monument,  Lon.,  1850. 
2.  Faith's  Trial,  1852.     3.  Young  Protestant,  1855. 

Jarman,  Henry.  New  Prac.  Ct.  of  Chancery,  Lon., 
1S53,  12mo;  2d  cd.,  enlarged,  1854,  12mo. 

"  It  is  most  ably  executed." — Lon.  Law  Mag. 

Jarman,  R.     Jour,  of  a  Voy.  to  the  South  Seas,  1839. 

Jarman,  Thomas.  1.  A  Treat,  on  Wills,  Lon.,  1S41- 
44,  2  vols.  r.  Svo;  1st  Amer.  ed.,  by  J.  C.  Perkins,  Bost., 
1845,  2  vols.  Svo;  3d  Amer.  ed.,  by  J.  C.  P.,  enlarged,  1865, 
2  vols.  Svo.  A  new  English  ed.  is  now  in  press.  'This  is 
by  far  the  best  Treatise  on  W^ills  in  the  language.  Mr. 
Perkins  has  greatly  enhanced  the  value  of  the  book.  See 
Warren's  Law  Studies,  ed.  1845,  573,  574,  929;  Warren's 
Duties  of  Attorneys  and  Solicitors,  1851,  384-385;  Shars- 
wooJ's  Profess.  Ethics,  1854,  126;  5  Jurist,  669;  vi.  485; 
8  Law  Rec,  428;  3  Law  Mag.,  347;  Marvin's  Leg.  Bibl., 
420. 

"The  notes  added  to  the  edition  in  two  volumes  [1845]  by  J.  C. 
Perkins,  Esq.,  have  given  increased  value  to  that  full  and  excellent 
work,  which  .appears  to  be  the  most  methodical  aud  thorough 
treatise  which  we  have  ou  the  subject." — 4  Kent's  Linn.,  504,  n.,  ed 
1864. 

2.  Conveyancing.  See  Bvthewood,  W.  M.  Of  Sweet's 
ed.,  vols.  i.~vii.,  ix.,  xi.,  and  xii.  (no  vols.  viii.  and  x.)  have 
been  pub.,  1839-60.  See  Warren's  Law  Studies,  ed.  1845, 
674.     3.  Forms  of  Wills :  see  Hayes,  Wsi.,  No.  8. 

Jarratt,  J.  H.  Trans,  of  Gianuto  and  Selenus's 
Works  on  Chess,  1817,  2  vols.  Svo. 

Jarrett,  Thomas,  Prof,  of  Hebrew  and  Anibic  ia 
the  Univ.  of  Cambridge.  Hebrew  and  English  Lexicon 
and  Grammar,  Lon.,  1848,  Svo. 

Jarrold,  Thomas,  M.D.,  of  Manchester.  1.  Dis- 
sertation on  Man,  in  answer  to  Maitbus  ou  Population, 
Lon.,  1806,  Svo. 

"  Have  you  seen  a  good  book  in  reply  to  Maitbus,  by  Dr.  Jar- 
rold?"— Sout/tey  to  J.  Ridanan,  May  '2~i,  18U7. 

"  A  book  where  the  question  of  population  is  discussed  with  real 
originality,  aud  where  true  philosophy  and  true  piety  euhghten 
and  support  each  otlier." — Lon.  Qiuir.  Bcv. 

2.  Letter  to  S.  Whitbread  on  the  Poor-Laws,  1807.  3. 
Anthropologia,  1808,  4to.     4.  Con.  to  Ann.  of  Med.,  ISOl. 

Jarrom,  T.  Discourses  on  Rom.  ix.,  Wisbech,  1827, 
12mo. 

"Non-Calvinistic,  but  practical." — Bicl-ersteth's  C.  S. 

Jarry,  General.     Light  Infantry,  Lon.,  1803,  12mo. 

Jarves,  James  Jackson,  of  Massachusetts.  1.  Hist, 
of  the  Hawaiian  or  Sandwich  Islands,  Bost.,  1843,  Svo; 
Lon.,  1843,  Svo. 

"  Mr.  Jarves  spent  four  years  among  the  Hawaiian  group,  and 
devoted  himself  most  diligently  to  the  study  of  all  matteis  concern- 
ing it.  The  result  is  truly  refreshing."— iiijnCs  Merchant's  Mag., 
ix.  15,111.  ^  t,  y, 

2.  Scenes  and  Scenery  of  the  Sandwich  Ishmds,  Bost., 
1844,  12mo;  Lon.,  1844,  12mo.  3.  Scenes  and  Scenery 
in  California,  Bost.,  12mo.  4.  Parisi.an  Sights  and  French 
Principles  seen  through  American  Spectacles,  New  York, 
1855,  12mo.  5.  Art  Hints:  Architecture,  Sculpture,  and 
Painting,  Lon.,  1855,  p.  Svo;  N.  York,  1855,  12mo.  Com- 
mended in  the  highest  terms  by  the  London  Athenseum 

9i5 


JAR 

for  June  30,  antl  by  the  North  American  Review  for  Oc- 
tober, 1855.  Severely  criticized  by  Putnam's  Magazine 
for  Sept.  1855.  The  London  Art-Union  and  London 
Spectator  are  also  to  be  added  to  the  list  of  tbe  eulogists 
of  Mr.  Jarves's  Art  Hints.  6.  Italian  Sights  and  Papal 
Principles  seen  through  American  Spectacles,  1866,  12mo. 
7.  Parisian  Sights  and  French  Principles  seen  through 
American  Spectacles;  Second  Series,  185C,  12mo. 

"We  have  some  recollection  of  the  'First  Series'  as  not  diFSigrec- 
able,  nor  without  Bmartncss:  but  if  such  was  the  character  ol  that 
work,  it  cannot  be  continued  to  this  one.  .  .  .  This  book  does  not 
belong  to  the  Library  of  Cheap  Literature  :  it  would  be  dear  at 
the  lowest  price."— ion.  Athemcum,  March  1,  1856. 
8.  Kiana:  a  Tradition  of  Hawaii,  1857,  p.  8vo. 
Jarvis,  Abraham,  D.D.,  1739-1813,  a  native  of  Nor- 
walk.  Conn.,  grad.  at  Yale  College,  1761:  Bishop  of  the 
Prot.  Epis.  Church  in  the  Slate  of  New  York,  17'J7.  He 
pub.  a  Serm.  on  the  death  of  Bishop  Seabury,  (whom  he 
succeeded,)  and  one  on  the  Witness  of  the  Spirit. 

Jarvis  or  Jervas,  Charles,  d.  about  17-10,  a  printer, 
pub.  a  trans,  of  Don  Qui.xote,  1742,  2  vols.  4to.  Several 
edits.  Motteux's  is  a  better  trans,  than  Jarvis's.  Re- 
Bpectini'  edits.,  Ac.  of  Don  Quixote,  see  Ticknor's  Hist, 
of  Spanish  Lit.,  vols.  ii.  and  iii. ;  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit. ;  Lowndes's 
Bibl.  Man. :  Sales's  edit,  of  Don  Quixote,  in  Spanish,  Bost, 
1836,  2  vols.  12mo;  a  roview  of  this  edit,  by  Wm.  H.  Pres- 
cott,  the  historian,  in  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  July,  1837,  and  in 
Prescott's  Miscellanies,  1855,  123-175;  John  Bowie's  edit, 
of  Don  Quixote,  1781,  6  vols. -tto;  (see  Bowle,  John  ;)  Ed- 
mund Gayton's  Festivious  Notes  upon  Don  Quixote,  1654, 
fob;  17(18,  12mo;  (see  Gayto.n,  Edmund.)  luformution 
concerning  Jarvis  will  be  found  in  Bowles's  ed.  of  Pope; 
Ruffhead's  Life  of  Pope,  p.  147,  4th  ed. ;  Walpole's  Anec- 
dotes of  Painting. 

"I  never  read  a  thing  with  more  ple.TSure  than  an  additional 
sheet  to  Jerviui's  prefiu;e  to  Dou  Quixote:  bel'.ae  1  got  over  two 
paragraphe  1  cried  out,  'Aut  Krasmus,  ant  Diabolus.' "— Pope. 

The  most  beautiful  edit,  of  Don  Quixote  in  English  is 
that  pub.  by  Tilt  in  Loudon,  1838,  3  vols.  Svo,  £2  10s.; 
again,  1843,  2  vols.  r.  Svo;  ag.ain,  by  Willoughby,  1852, 
2  vols.  r.  8vo,  £2  1«. ;  2  vols,  in  1,  Svo,  lOs.  Ii,l.  This  is 
Jarvis's  trans,  revised  aud  corrected,  with  8UU  wood-en- 
gravings, after  the  designs  of  Tony  Johanuot,  and  16 
addit.  plates  by  Cosmo  Armstrong.  A  revised  trans,  for 
general  reading,  with  illustrations  by  Warren,  was  pub.  by 
Burns  in  London,  in  1848,  fp.  Svo,  6s.  This  is  the  proper 
edit,  for  the  ladies'  parlour.  Another  revised  traus.,  formed 
on  those  of  Motteux,  Jarvis,  and  Smollett,  with  18  cuts  by 
Armstrong,  aud  32  after  Johanuot,  was  pub.  in  London  in 
1842,  £1  8». ;  the  same,  with  only  the  usual  18  cuts  by 
Armstrong.  18s. 

Jarvis,  Charles,  Prof,  of  Music,  Philadelphia.  Piano- 
Forte  Instructor,  Phila.,  1852,  foL  This  work  reached  the 
7th  ed.  in  aljout  two  years. 

Jarvis,  Edward,  M.D.,  b.  at  Concord,  Mass.,  a  resi- 
dent of  Dorchester,  Mass.  1.  Practical  Physiology,  Phila., 
1848,  12mo.  Sale  to  Sept.  1854,  14,000  copies.  2.  Pri- 
mary Physiology  for  Schools,  1849,  12mo.  Sale  to  Feb. 
1852,  10,000  copies. 

"Well  adapted,  by  its  accuracy,  comprehensiveness,  and  the 
popular  language  in  which  it  is  expressed,  to  be  a  jiroper  and  valu- 
able book  for  the  purpose  which  it  was  designed  to  fill."— JoUN  C. 
Warre.n,  M.D.,  of  Bost^jn. 

Commended  by  other  high  authorities.  Dr.  Jarvis  has 
pub.  a  number  of  pamphlets  on  various  branches  of  medi- 
cal science,  and  contributed  to  the  leading  American 
medical  journals. 

Jarvis,  Samuel  Farmer,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  1787-1851, 
a  son  of  Bishop  Jarvis,  (■i"^,)  and  a  native  ot  Muldletown, 
Conn.,  was  educated  at  Vale  College,  ordained  deacon  in 
1810,  and  priest  in  ISU  ;  Rector  of  St.  Michael's  Church, 
Bloomingdale,  New  York,  ISU;  of  St.  James's,  New  York, 
(held  iu  conjunction  with  the  former,)  1813;  Prof  of  Bib- 
lical Criticism  in  the  (Episcopal)  General  Theological 
Seminary,  New  York,  1810-20;  first  Rector  of  St.  Paul  s 
Church,  Boston,  1820-26;  travelled  in  Europe,  1826-35; 
Prof  of  Oriental  Literature  in  Washington  (now  Trinity) 
College,  Hartford,  1835-37;  Rector  of  Christ  Church, 
Middletown,  1837-42  ;  appointed  Historiographer  of  the 
Church  by  the  General  Convention  (Prot.  Epis.  Church) 
of  1838.  From  1842  until  his  death  Dr.  Jarvis  devoted 
his  time  chieUy  to  the  preparation  of  an  ecclesiastical  his- 
tory, (commended  to  his  care  by  the  General  Convention 
of  1S38,)  portions  of  which  were  pub.  in  1S44  and  1850. 
Bee  Nus.  5,  8.  1.  A  Discourse  on  the  Religion  of  the  In- 
dian Tribes  of  North  Aluerica.  N.  York,  1820,  Svo.  Fa- 
vourably reviewed  by  John  Pickering  in  the  N.  Amer. 
Uev.,  July,  1S20.  2.  Discom-se  on  Regeneration,  1821. 
96ti 


JAY 

3.-  Discourse  on  Christian  Unity,  1837.  4.  Scrms.  on 
Prophecy,  1843,  1  vol.  5.  No  Union  with  Rome,  1843, 
pamph.  6.  A  Chronological  Introduction  to  the  Hist,  of 
the  Church,  being  anew  Inquiry  into  the  True  Dates  of 
the  Birth  and  Death  of  our  Lord  aud  Saviour  Jetus  Christ, 
and  containing  an  original  Harmony  of  the  Four  Gospels, 
now  first  arranged  in  the  order  of  time,  Lon.,  1844,  Svo; 
Bost.,  1845,  Svo. 

"Dr.  Jarvis  has  exhibited  accuracy  and  fidelity  as  an  historian, 
the  ripest  judgment  and  the  clearest  reasoning  as  a  commentator 
upon  the  intricate  authorities  on  which  he  had  to  build  his  founda- 
tion for  inquiry,  and  has  shown  himself  an  accomplished  scholar, 
fully  equal  to  the  task  committed  to  his  charge.  The  work  is  a 
foundation  on  which  the  Christian  historian  and  theologian  may 
build;  for  the  materials  are  solid,  and  the  work  admirably  exe- 
cuted."— Lon.  PiAyUdadc  lievittw. 

"  A  learued  work  on  New  Testament  Chronology,  by  an  American 
divine  (Dr.  Jarvis,  of  Connecticut)  of  standing  and  reputation.  It 
is  quite  pleasant  to  find  the  daughter-church  rearing  chronologers 
and  scholars;  and  we  commend  Dr.  J.'s  undertaking  to  the  candid 
estimate  and  patronage  of  the  learned." — Ltm.  Chris.  Rememb. 

"  A  thorough  and  comprehensive  analysis  of  all  the  evidence  ex- 
tant, whether  sacred  or  profane,  upon  the  most  difflcult  and  im- 
portant points  in  ecclesiastical  chronology,— vi7..:  the  precise  years 
ot  the  birth  and  death  of  our  Sariour.  ...  A  work  of  extraordinary 
research.'' — Uisuop  Do.\ne.  of  New  Jersey. 

See  also  New  Englander.  v.  215;  vi.  378.  (both  by  J.  L. 
Kingsley;)  N.  York  Church  Rev.,  i.  82,  (by  S.  F.  Jarvis;) 
Bost.  Chris.  Exam.,  xxxviii.  412  ;  Meth.  Quar.  Rev.,  v. 
269.  7.  The  Colonies  of  Heaven  ;  a,  Serm.,  1846.  8.  A 
Reply  to  Dr.  Milner's  End  of  Controversy,  so  far  as  the 
Churches  of  the  English  Communion  are  concerned,  N. 
York,  1847,  12mo.  See  Brownson's  Quar.  Rev.,  2d  Ser., 
ii.  20.  9.  The  Church  of  the  Redeemed ;  or.  The  Hist,  of 
the  Mediatorhal  Kingdom.  2  vols.,  containing  the  First 
Five  Periods ;  from  the  Fall  of  Adam  in  Paradise  to  the 
Rejection  of  the  Jews  aud  the  Calling  of  the  Gentiles,  voh 
i.,  Bost.,  1850,  Svo,  pp.  662.  This  is  all  that  was  published. 
See  N.  York  Church  Rev.,  iv.  112.  Shortly  after  this  voh 
was  issued  from  the  press,  the  author  was  attacked  by  the 
disease  which  terminated  his  earthly  existence,  March  26, 
1851,  in  the  65th  year  of  his  age.  In  addition  to  the 
literary  labours  already  noticed.  Dr.  Jarvis  contributed 
several  articles  to  the  N.  Y'ork  Church  Review,  edited  in 
1844  an  American  edit,  of  Thomas  Hartwell  Home's 
Mariolatry,  (see  No.  37,  under  his  name,)  and  m.ade  some 
progress  in  the  preparation  of  a  work  on  Egypt. 

Jaudoii,  Daniel,  Thomas  Watson,  and  Ste- 
phen Addingtou.  English  Orthographical  Expositor; 
new  ed.,  Phila.,  1857. 

Jay,  Sir  James,  M.D.,  d.  in  New  York,  1815,  a  bro- 
ther of  Chief  Justice  John  Jay,  pub.  two  Letters  (one 
Lon.,  1771,  Svo,  the  other  1774,  Svo)  rel.  to  the  Collection 
made  for  the  Colleges  of  New  York  and  Philadelphia,  and 
a  work  on  the  Gout,  1772,  Svo. 

Jay,  John,  1745-1829,  a  native,  and  from  1795  to 
1801  Governor,  of  the  State  of  New  York,  one  of  the 
Ijrincipal  promoters  of  the  cause  of  American  Independence, 
after  filling  many  important  public  posts  was  in  1789  ap- 
pointed by  General  Washington  Chief- Justice  of  the  United 
States.  He  wrote  Nos.  2,  3,  4,  5,  and  64  of  The  Federalist, 
a  number  of  State  Papers,  amoug  which  is  the  celebrated 
Address  to  the  People  of  Great  Britain,  in  1774,  the  Cor- 
respondence between  himself  and  Lewis  Littlepage;  2d 
ed.,  1786,  Ac.  See  the  Lite  of  John  Jay,  with  Selections 
from  his  Corresp.  and  Miscell.  Papers,  by  his  son.  Judge 
William  Jay,  N.  York,  1S33,  2  vols.  Svo;  Lives  of  Jay 
and  Hamilton,  by  Prof  James  Renwick,  LL.D.,  ISmo; 
Geo.  Van  Santvoord's  Sketches  of  the  Lives  aud  Judicial 
Services  of  the  Chiel'-Justices  of  the  Supreme  Ct.  of  the 
U.  States,  1S54;  Henry  Flanders's  Lives  and  Times  of 
the  Chief- Justices  of  the  United  States,  vol.  i.,  1855; 
Corresp.  of  Daniel  Webster,  1S57,  i.  370 ;  Amer.  Annual 
Rei'  1827-20,  215-234;  N'  Amer.  Rev.,  xvii.  142,  (by  F. 
0.  Gray;)  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  xxxvii.  315,  (by  0.  W.  B.  Pea- 
body;)  Amer.  Whig  Rev.,  ii.  59,  (by  W.  11.  Y.  Hackett;) 
Amer.  Month.  Rev.,  iv.  35;  N.  York  Rev.,  ix.  273,  (by  i. 
L.  Hawks;)  Hamilton,  Alexandek,  in  this  Dictionary. 

"The  general  learning  aud  ability,  and  especially  the  prudence, 
the  mildness,  and  the  firmness  of  bis  chnracter,  ennnently  fitted 
Mr.  Jay  to  bo  the  head  ot  such  a  court,  [Su|.r.iii.^  ti.iii  t  ol  t  le  tuiteU 
States.!  Wheu  the  spotless  ermine  of  the  judii  uil  rolie  1,11  oiiJohu 
Jay,  it  touched  nothing  less  spotless  than  it.scU.  ---Uox  D.VN1EL 
\VEiiSTtn;  .Sprcdi  at  I'aljUc  Dinner  at  Aeui  lorlc,  March  10, 18J1, 
Webster's  Wurl.s,  lS6i,  i.  201.  .  .„     .  ■ 

•■Uov.-ninr  .lay,  one  of  our  purest  and  most  illustrious  states- 
men."—Washinoton  lEVlNO:  Li/eof  deonje  Waslunuton. 

Jay,  John,  b.  1S17,  a  son  of  Judge  William  Jay,  and 
grandson  of  the  preceding,  graduated  at  Columbia  College, 
New  York,  1836,  has  pub.  some  pamphlets  on  the  subject 
of  slavery,  &c. 


Jay,  John  C,  of  New  York.  A  Cntjilogue  of  the 
Shells  iu  his  Collection,-  4th  ed.,  with  a  Supp.,  N.  York. 
See  Amer.  Jour,  of  Science  and  Arts,  Nov.  1S51.  The 
value  of  Dr.  Jay's  collection  of  shells,  and  of  his  concho- 
logical  library,  is  well  known  to  the  student  in  this  de- 
partment. Dr.  Jay's  Catiilogue  enimierates  about  11,1)00 
well-marked  varietieSj  and  at  least  7000  well-established 
species. 

Jay,  Stephen,  of  Chiunor.Oxfurd.  Serms,<tc.,16S2-89. 

Jay,  William,  1789-1858,  a  native  of  the  city  of  New 
York,  First  Judge  of  the  county  of  Westchester,  New  York, 
second  son  of  Chief-Justice  John  Jay,  graduated  at  Yale 
College  in  1807.  1.  The  Life  of  John  Jay,  with  Selections 
from  his  Corresp.  and  Miscell.  Papers.  N.  York,  IS.'j.l,  2 
vols.  8vo.  Reviewed  by  W.  B.  0.  Peabudy,  in  N.  Amer. 
Rev.,  xxxvii.  315-340. 

"TLo  author  Ii;is,  without  transgressing  in  any  respect  the  limits 
prescribed  by  prnpricty  in  treating  of  the  merits  of  a  ii.'lative,  dmie 
ample  justice  to  the  memory  of  a  man  of  oniimiit  alulity  and  vir- 
tue."— Ubi  supra.    See  Jay.  John,  and  aiitlioritira  tlLi-i-i-  citfil. 

2.  Inquiry  into  the  Character  and  Tendency  of  the 
American  Colonization  and  American  Anti- Slavery  So- 
cieties, 1835,  12mo.  3.  A  View  of  the  Action  of  the  Fede- 
ral Government  in  behalf  of  Slavery,  1S39,  12mo.  4. 
War  and  Peace :  recommending  treaty-stipulations  bind- 
ing the  parties  to  refer  to  arbitration  such  future  disputes 
as  cannot  be  settled  by  negotiation,  12mo.  5.  A  Review 
of  the  Causes  and  Consequences  of  the  Mexican  War,  Bost., 
1849,  12mo,  pp.  333.  6.  A  volume  of  miscellaneous  wri- 
tings on  Shivery,  1854,  12mo,  pp.  670.  Judge  Jay,  like 
his  late  eminent  father,  was  noted  for  his  lively  interest  in 
the  welfare  of  his  fellow-men. 

Jay,  William,  1769-1854,  an  eminent  Dissenting 
divine,  a  native  of  Tisbury,  Wiltshire,  commenced  preach- 
ing when  between  15  and  16  years  of  age,  and  before  he 
was  21  had  delivered  nearly  lOUO  sermons.  On  the  31st 
of  Jan.  1791,  he  became  the  minister  of  Argyle  Chapel, 
Bath,  and  remained  in  this  situation  until  June,  1853,  or  for 
sixty-two  years.  In  Jan.  1841,  on  the  completion  of  the  50  th 
year  of  his  ministry,  the  jubilee  was  celebrated  by  reli- 
gious services  in  the  chapel,  and  by  a  feast  in  the  Assembly 
Rooms,  where  820  persons  sat  down  together  to  breakfast. 
A  salver  and  £650  were  presented  to  the  object  of  this 
gratifying  token  of  respect.  To  the  volume  pub.  on  this 
occasion, — Jubilee  Memorial,  1841,  12mo, — to  Jay's  Auto- 
biography, edited  by  Rev.  Geo.  Redford  and  Rev.  J. 
Angell  James,  1854,  Svo,  {3d  ed.,  1855,  p.  8vo,)  to  the 
Memoir  of  Jay,  by  Rev.  S.  S.  Wilson,  1854,  fp.  Svo,  to 
Wallaces  Portraiture  of  Jay,  with  Notes  of  his  Con- 
versations, &c.,  and  to  Pen-Pictures  of  Popular  English 
Preachers,  1852,  12mo,  we  refer  the  reader  for  information 
respecting  this  excellent  divine.  The  best-known  of  Jay's 
works  are  Morning  and  Evening  Exercises,  (vols,  i.-iv., 
1842,  of  the  collective  ed.  of  his  AVorks;)  The  Christian 
Contemplated,  (vol.  vi.,  1843,  of  his  Works;)  Short  Dis- 
courses, (vols.  X.  and  xii.,  1844,  of  his  Works  ;)  and  Morn- 
ings with  Jesus,  1854,  fp.  Svo.  The  collective  ed.  to  which 
we  refer  is  in  12  vols.  Svo,  Bath,  1842-44,  (N.  York,  3  vols. 
Svo,)  and  was  corrected  and  revised  by  the  author  himself. 
To  these  12  vols,  must  be  added  Lectures  on  Female  Scrip- 
ture Characters,  1S54,  cr.  Svo;  Mornings  with  Jesus,  1854, 
fp.  Svo;  Evenings  with  Jesus;  and  Final  Discourses  at  Ar- 
gyle Chapel,  Bath,  1854,  fp.  Svo.  As  a  preacher,  as  well  as 
anauthor,  Mr.  Jay  has  acquired  great  celebrity.  John  Foster 
calls  him  the  Prince  of  Preachers;  Sheridan  styled  him 
the  most  natural  orator  whom  he  had  ever  heard;  Dr. 
James  Hamilton  speaks  of  hearing  him  *' with  wonder  and 
delight;"  and  Beckford  describes  his  mind  as  "a  clear, 
transparent  stream,  flowing  so  freely  as  tu  impress  us  with 
the  idea  of  its  being  inexhaustible." 

His  sermons,  too, — not  always  the  case  with  the  effu- 
sions of  popuhir  preachers, — will  bear  the  diKpassionate 
judgment  of  the  closet  without  lessening  the  reputation 
of  their  author. 

"Mr.  Jay's  SL-rmons,  altlioii^h  a  liltli-  too  warmly  coloured,  have, 
upon  the  whole,  great  un-iit  as  hmirst  ;iud  impassioned  expositions 
of  the  several  texts  whiL-h  ;ir'-  liaii-Il.ii."— /'(VWi/i's  Lib.  Comp. 

"Eloquent  and  pious." — l>r.  E.  Williams's  C.  1*. 

"Happily  connects  privilege  and  practice." — Bicker steWs  C.  S: 

"Uia  sermons,  like  his  other  publications,  are  universally  ad- 
mired, and  permanently  fixed  the  writer's  reputation.  .  .  .  One 
great  charm  of  this  divine's  works  is  the  catholic  spirit  which  per- 
vades them.  The  dissenter  seldom  intrudes,  the  sectarian  never 
appears;  and  Christians  of  all  denominations  may  read  his  produc- 
tious  withiuit  finding  anv  violence  done  to  their  party  prcditec- 
tionB."— /.<')/ ';i(/^Vs  Brit.  Lib.,  657,  903. 

"Ilia  works  are  very  practical  and  devotional." — BickersUUCs 

as. 

"Mr.  Jay's  Works  have  held  a  high  place  in  the  e.stimation  of 
the  religious  world  for  more  than  tlio  average  duration  of  human 
life." — Lon.  AthenKUm. 


JEB 

Articles  upon  Jny*s  Works  will  be  found  in  the  Prince- 
ton Review,  v.  361),  and  in  the  N.  York  Method.  Quar. 
Rev.,  V.  .335.  See  also  European  Mag.,  June,  1819j  Lon. 
Athenaeum,  1S54,  555,  1163,  1198;  Lon.  Gent.  Mag., 
March,  1854. 

Jeacocke,  Abraham.     Two  Sernis.,  1702,  both  8vo. 

Jeacockt',  falcb,  d.  1786.  A  Vindie.  of  8t.  Paul 
against  Bolinghroke  and  nther.s.  Lon.,  1765,  Svo.  Jeacocke 
was  a  literary  baker,  and  a  famous  debater  at  the  Robin 
Hood  Speaking-Society,  where  Edmund  Burke,  and  others 
of  after  oratorical  distinction,  resorted  in  early  life. 

Jeaffreson,  J.  Cordy.  1.  Crew  Rise;  a  Novel.  Lon., 
1854,  3  vols.  p.  Svo.  2.  Isabel :  The  Young  Wifo  and  the 
Old  Love.  1857.  3  vols.  p.  Svo.  Commended  by  the  Athen- 
aeum, (1857,  212.)  Examiner.  Observer,  Messenger,  and 
John  Bull.  3.  Novels  and  Novelists  from  Elizabeth  to 
"Victoria.  1858,  2  vols.     See  Lon.  Athcn.,  Pt.  2.  134,  235. 

Jeatlreson,  W.  On  Diseases  of  the  Eye,  Lon.,  1844, 
Svo. 

Jeakes,  Samuel.  1.  Arithmetic,  Lon.,  1701,  fol. 
2.  Charters  of  the  Cinque  Ports,  1728,  fol.  3.  Short- 
Hand;  Phil.  Trans..  1748. 

Jeamson,  Thomas.  Artificial  Embellishments, 
Oxon.,  1665,  Svo. 

Jeaues,  Henry,  1611-1662,  a  native  of  AUensaye, 
Somersetshire,  educated  at  Hart  Hall.  Oxford,  obtained 
the  rectories  of  Beercrocombe,  Capland,  and  Chedzoy, 
Somersetshire.  He  pub.  several  theolog.  treatises,  and  to 
him  is  ascribed  The  Image  Unbroken,  1651,  4to,  an  an- 
swer to  Milton's  Iconoclastes.  Watt  ascribes  this  answer 
to  Joseph  Jane.  See  Bliss's  Wood's  Athen.  Oxon. ;  He- 
ber's  ed.  of  Jeremy  Taylor's  Works. 

"Honest  J  canes."— CottMi  Mather's  Essaj/s  to  do  Good. 

Jeans,  George,  Practical  Astronomy  for  the  Un- 
learned, Lon..  1848,  p.  Svo. 

Jeans,  Thomas.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1791,  Svo 

Jeans,  Thomas,  M.D.     The  Gout,  Lon.,  1792,  Svo. 

Jeary,  O.  A.    25  Sernis,  Lon.,  1817,  Svo. 

"The  texts  arc  all  discusf:;ea  in  a  practical  manner.  The  aiithor 
has  evidently  aimed  throughout  at  usefulness.'' — Dr.  J.  Leifcuild, 
tlie  editor. 

Jebb.     Life  of  Robert,  Earl  of  Leicester,  1727.  Svo. 

Jebb,  Lieut. -Col.  J.  N.  1.  Defence  and  Attack 
of  Outposts;  3d  ed.,  Lon.,  1849,  Svo.  2.  Manual  for  tho 
Military,  1853,  12mo. 

Jebb,  Major.  Construction  and  Ventilation  of  Mo- 
dern Prisons,  Lon.,  4to. 

Jebb,  John,  M.D.,  1730-1786,  a  native  of  London, 
educated  at  Trin.  Coll.,  Dublin,  and  at  Peter  House,  Camb., 
of  which  he  became  Fellow  ;  Rector  of  Ovington,  Norfolk, 
1764;  resigned  his  gown  on  account  of  having  embraced 
Socinianism,  and  became  a  student  of  physic,  1775.  Whole 
Works,  Theological.  Medical,  Political,  and  Miscellaneous, 
with  Memoirs  of  Life  of  the  Author,  by  John  Disney,  D.D., 
Lon.,  1787,  3  vols.  Svo.  See  his  Memoirs  as  above;  Dar- 
ling's Cyc.  Bib.,  vol.  i.  1646.  Dr.  Jebb  was  a  man  of  pro- 
found learning,  and  a  zealous  advocate  of  civil  and  reli- 
gious liberty.  Dr.  Watt,  in  his  Bibl.  Brit.,  has  confounded 
this  Dr.  Jebb  with  Bishop  Jebb.  All  the  works  ascribed 
by  him  to  the  latter,  with  the  exception  of  the  last  two 
articles,  should  have  been  credited  to  John  Jebb,  M.D. 

Jebb,  John,  D.D.,  1775-1833,  a  native  of  Drogheda, 
Ireland,  educated  at  Trin.  Coll.,  Dublin,  presented  to  the 
living  of  Abiugton,  1810;  Bishop  of  Limerick,  *fec.,  1823. 
1.  Serm.,  1803,  Svo.  2.  Scrms.  on  Subjects  chiefly  Prac- 
tical, 1815,  Svo,  1S16,  Svo,  1824,  Svo,  1832,  Svo. 

"The  language  is  rich,  vigorous,  andunaffi-'cted;  the  style  simple 
and  commandins;;  and  the  notes  will  be  read  with  much  satisfac- 
tion by  the  scholar  and  the  divine." — BritisJt  Critic. 

"Perhaps  he  approaches  more  closely  the  standard  of  the  amiable 
and  pious  Fenelon,  whose  Ut'cply-si.iritual  sentinn>rjts  we  cunld 
sometimes  fancy  him  to  havo  ciiuiniittLd  witli  the  .sii|iii  i..i-  energy 
of  a  Massillon  or  a  Bourdaxoue."~/>i*h.  C/irisfion  Ol '.•<>' n;-r. 

3.  Sacred  Literature;  comprising  a  Review  of  tlie  Prin- 
ciples of  Composition  laid  down  by  Bp.  Lowth  in  his 
Prselectiones  and  Isaiah,  &c.,  1820,  '28,  Svo,  1S31,  Svo. 

"Archdeacon  Jebb's  Ssicred  Literature  has  the  highest  clauns  to 
the  attention  of  every  "biblical  student,  for  its  numerous  bcautihil 
criticisms  and  elucidations  of  the  New  Testament." — T.  11.  IIoRiNe: 
see  Introduc.  to  the  Scrip.;  Bovs,  Thomas,  in  this  Dictionary. 

"In  this  learned  and  elegant  work  the  author  controverts  some 
of  Lowth's  views  of  Hebrew  poetry,  and  applies  otbeiH  of  them  to 
the  interpretation  of  many  pass;i;j;.-^  in  tlh'  N<\v  T.  ^tinii'iit.  .  .  . 
No  book  of  criticism  has  lately  ajiin  ;in(i  niore  wmlby  ot  attention 
from  the  biblical  scholar,  cr  lui.rn  ealrulated  to  recouuueud  the 
study  of  the  Scriptures." — (h-iur'.^i  liibl.  Bib. 

"It  will  be  freely  ackn<i\vieiii;i(l  tliat  he  has  thrown  new  light 
upon  some  parts  of  the  sacred  vulume;  an  achievement  which  the 
studi'Ut  will  duly  appreciate." — Vr.  E.  Williams's  C.  P. 

"A  valiiabli*  addition  to  the  critical  eourcea  of  information."— 
Biclerst't/i's  C.  K 

4.  Practical  Theology,  1830, 2  vols.  Svo;  1837, 2  vols.  Svo. 

937 


JEB 


JEP 


"  N'o  work  which  hns  recently  fallen  into  our  hands  more  amply 
fiilfiU  the  pronjiao  uf  its  title  than  that  before  us." — (^uar.  2'heolog. 
J\cv. 

5.  Pastoral  Instructions  rcl.  to  the  Church  of  England, 
1831,  '41,  12mo.  6.  Thirty  Years'  Corrcsp.  between 
Bishop  Jebb  and  Alex.  Knox,  Esri.  Edited  by  the  Rev. 
Charles  Forster,  1S34,  2  vols.  Svo;  1S36,  2  vols.  Svo. 
Bishop  Jebb  also  edited  Piety  without  Asceticism,  1820, 
Svo;  Practical  Discourses,  by  Thos.  Townson,  D.D.,  with 
a  Memoir,  1828,  Svo;  the  Pvcmains  of  Wm.  Phelan,  D.D., 
with  a  Memoir,  1S32,  2  vols.  Svo;  and  Bishop  Burnet's 
Lives,  Characters,  &o.,  with  an  Introduc.  and  Notes,  1833, 
Svo. 

See  Life  of  Bishop  Jebb,  with  a  Selection  from  his 
Letters,  by  the  Kov.  Charles  Forster,  2  vols.  Svo;  2d  ed., 
1S37,  Svo;  3d  ed.,  1851,  p.  Svo. 

"  As  a  relative  and  a  friend,  Bishop  Jebb  here  shines  as  brightly 
as  he  does  as  a  scholar;  and,  what  is  yet  more  valuable,  they  who 
had  not  the  privilege  of  seeing  Bishop  Jebb  after  his  illness  will 
learn  from  Mr.  Forster  an  accurate  and  most  interesting  account 
how  a  Christian  could  suffer,  and  turn  his  sufferings  into  a  blessing 
to  himself  and  others.  The  whole  of  the  biography  is  written  in  a 
Bpirit  of  good  feeling  and  good  taste,  which  do  the"  liighest  honour 
to  Mr.  Forster." — British  Magazine. 

"Tlie  Life  of  this  exemplary  Prelate,  this  amiable,  accomplished, 
and  pious  man,  not  only  teems  with  the  most  weighty  lessons,  of  a 
practical  kind,  for  the  imitation  of  every  Churchman  in  England, 
and  still  more  especially  in  Ireland  at  the  present  time,  but  it  ex- 
hibits one  of  the  most  engaging  and  soundIy<onstituted  characters 
that  have  ever  been  deUneated  for  the  lasting  benefit  of  mankind." — 
Loit.  MmttMy  Review. 

Some  interesting  particulars  respecting  the  Jebb  family, 
which  has  given  many  sons  to  learning  and  science,  will 
be  found  in  Nichols's  Lit.  Anec,  and  in  Lon.  Gent.  Mag., 
Feb.  1834.     His  lordship  was  never  married. 

Jebb,  Johu,  Rector  of  Petcrstow,  Herefordshire.  1. 
Divine  Economy  of  the  Church,  Lon.,  1S40,  fp.  Svo. 

"A  thoughtful,  perspicuous,  and  beautiful  comment." — Brit. 
Critic. 

2.  Choral  Service  of  the  Church  of  Eng.  and  Ire.,  1843, 
Svo.  3.  Choral  Responses  and  Litanies  of  the  Church, 
1847,  fol.  4.  Three  Lccts.  on  the  Cathedral  Service  of 
the  Church  of  Eng.;  2d  ed.,  1845,  fp.  Svo.  5.  Literal 
Trans,  of  the  Book  of  Psalms,  1846,  2  vols.  Svo. 

"An  excellent  specimen  of  the  Jebb  School  of  Sacred  Literar 
tm'e." — Churchman's  Motithly  Rev. 

6.  Six  Letts,  on  the  Present  State  of  the  Church,  1851, 
fp.  Svo. 

Jebb,  Richard.     A  Union  with  Ireland,  1797,  Svo. 

Jebb,  Kic-hard.  Bp.  Hampden's  Case,  1S49,  r.  Svo. 
Sec  Hampden,  Ren.\  Dickson,  D.D. 

Jebb,  Robert.  1.  Reports  of  Crown  Cases  Reversed, 
1822-40,  Dubl.,  1841,  Svo;  1st  Amer.  ed.,  with  References 
by  J.  W.  Wallace,  Phila.,  1S42,  Svo.  Mr.  Wallace's  Notes 
have  greatly  enhanced  the  value  of  this  vol.  See  Prof. 
■Whiteside's  Loo.;  1  Leg.  Rep.,  296;  27  Amer.  Jur.,  46S; 
Marvin's  Leg.  Bibl.,  149,  421.  2.  With  Arthur  R.  Symes, 
Queen's  Bench  and  Excheq.  Chan,  in  Ireland  Reports, 
1S38-40;  Dubl.,  1S40-42,  2  vols.  Svo.  3.  With  R.  Bourke, 
Queen's  Bench  in  Ireland  Reports,  1S42,  Svo,  1843. 

Jebb,  Samuel,  M.D.,  d.  1772,  the  learned  editor  of 
Bibliotheca  Literaria,  (10  Pts.,  pub.  1722-24,)  a  native  of 
Nottingham,  educated  at  Peterhouse,  Cambridge,  also 
edited  Aristides,  1728,  2  vols.  4to,  Roger  Bacon's  Opus 
Majus,  1733,  fol.,  and  other  works.  See  Nichols's  Lit. 
Anec. 

Jee,  Thomas.     Serms.,  Lon.,  1837,  Svo. 

Jeff,  Robert,  M.D.  On  Consumption,  Lon.,  1842,  Svo. 
,    Jetferies.     Case  E.  India  Co.,  Lon.,  1689,  fol. 

Jetters,  Wm.  N.,  U.S.  Navy.  Theory  and  Practice 
of  Naval  Qunnery,  N.  York,  1S50,  Svo. 

Jefferson,  Jacob,  D.D.    Serm.,  1763,  Svo. 

Jeffersou,  John.     Serms.,  1789,  Ac. 

Jefferson,  John.     A  Poem,  1813,  4to. 

Jeffersou,  John,  of  Stoke-Newington.  Expos.  Lects. 
on  the  X.  Commandments,  1835,  ISmo. 

"  .4n  enlightened  and  judicious  exposition  of  this  summary  of  the 
moral  law.'" — L<m.  Omgreg.  Mag. 

Mr.  Jefferson  has  pub.  several  other  theolog.  treatises. 

Jefferson,  Joseph.     Serm.,  Ac,  Lon.,  1803,  '13. 

Jefferson,  Joseph.  Poems  and  Serms.,  1773-1811. 
'    Jeffersou,  T.  B.     Two  Serms.,  1808,  Svo. 

Jefferson,  Thomas,  April  2,  1743-JuIy  4,  1826,  a 
native  of  Shadwell,  Albemarle  county,  Virginia,  entered 
AVilliam  and  Mary  College  in  1760,  and  subsequently 
studied  law  under  George  Wythe.  In  1769  he  was  elected 
a  member  of  the  Colonial  Assembly,  and  in  1775  succeeded 
Peyton  Randolph  in  the  National  Congress  at  Phila- 
delphia, and  on  the  28th  of  June,  in  the  next  year,  as 
chairman  of  the  committee  appointed  for  that  |)urpose, 
reported  the  celebrated  Declaration  of  Independence, — 
which,  with  some  alterations,  was  adopted  on  the  4th  of 


■  July  ensuing.  How  far  Mr.  Jefferson  is  entitled  to  the 
;  credit  of  the  entire  originality  of  this  famous  document, 
the  reader  will  be  able  to  form  an  opinion  after  consulting 
the  works  of  John  Adams,  of  Thomas  Jefferson,  and  the 
biographies  of  the.se  distinguished  statesmen  and  patriots. 
See  also  an  interesting  article  upon  this  topic  in  George 
Ticknor  Curtis's  History  of  the  Constitution  of  the  United 
States,  vol.  i.,  1854,  pp.  81-88.  It  is  neither  our  business 
nor  our  pleasure  to  adjudicate  on  questions  of  state-papor 
'  history  or  political  partisanship  in  a  volume  of  this  cha- 
racter, but  we  may  be  allowed  to  say  that  Jefferson's  claim 
to  the  authorship  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence 
seems  as  fully  substantiated  as  the  nature  of  the  case  will 
possibly  allow.  From  1779  to  '81  Mr.  Jefferson  was 
Governor  of  his  native  State;  in  17S3  was  again  elected  a 
member  of  Congress;  from  1784  to  '89  resided  at  Paris, 
succeeding  Franklin  in  1785  as  minister  from  the  United 
States;  in  1789  he  was  appointed  by  General  Washington 
Secretary  of  State,  which  office  he  held  until  1793;  was 
Vice-President  of  the  United  States  1797-1801,  and  Presi- 
dent of  the  Republic  lSUl-09.  Mr.  Jefferson  had  now 
reached  an  age  when  the  duties  of  public  life  were  no 
longer  inviting,  and  he  passed  his  remaining  years  at 
Monticello,  dividing  his  time  between  his  plantation,  his 
libr.ary,  and  the  entertainment  of  the  many  visitors  at- 
tracted to  his  mansion  by  his  widely-extended  reputation 
at  home  and  abroad.  He  died  on  the  same  day  as  that 
which  closed  the  earthly  existence  of  John  Adams,— the 
4th  of  July,  1826. 

As  an  author,  Mr.  Jefferson  is  best  known  by  his  Notes 
on  the  State  of  Virginia,  (originally  drawn  up  for  M.  De 
Marbois,)  of  which  200  copies  were  privately  printed  at 
Paris  in  17S4,  (but  dated  17S2,)  Svo.  A  French  transla- 
tion, by  the  Abbe  Morellet,  with  some  alterations  by  the 
author,  appeared  at  Paris  in  1786,  Svo,  and  an  edit,  of 
the  original  in  English  was  pub.  by  Stockdale  in  London 
in  1787,  Svo. 

But  on  this  subject  we  can  give  nothing  more  satisfac- 
tory to  the  reader  than  the  following  table,  (drawn  up  by 
a  well-known  American  historian  and  bibliographer,) 
which  we  find  in  The  Historical  Magazine,  Boston,  Fe'o. 
1S57,  vol.  i..  No.  2,  p.  52. 

"Jefferson's  Notes  on  Tiroinia.— The  following  is  a  list  of  the 
several  editions  of  this  work,  as  far  as  ascertained.  Those  with  a 
*  prefixed  have  been  collated.  They  are  all  Svo  except  when  other- 
wise marked: 

'"*  Kditio  princeps,  Paris,  1782;  pp.  391;  plate  of  Mammoth 
Cave. 

"  *  French  edition,  Paris,  1786 ;  pp.  viii..  290,  iv.,  map. 

"*  1st  Enghsh  do.,  .Stockdale,  London.  1787;  pp.ii..  382;  map. 

"  *  Ist  American  do.,  Pritchard  and  llall,  Phdadelpbia,  1788 ;  pp. 
ii.,  244. 

"2d  American  do..  PhUadelphia.  17S8;  pp.  ii..  336. 

"Another  do..  PLiladelpbia.  1792:  ii..  336. 

"*  Another  do.,  Carey.  Pliihidelpliia.  1794;  ii.,  336;  map. 

"*  Appendix  to  Kotes,  Smith.  Philadelphia,  1800;  pp.  61;  wood- 
cut. 

"Notes;  American  edition,  Baltimore,  1800. 

"  *  3d  American  edition,  M.  L.  Davis,  New  York.  1801 ;  pp.  392 
portrait ;  map  ;  two  wood-cuts. 

"  *  Ist  hot-pressed  do..  Raw  le,  Philadelphia,  1801 ;  pp.  ii.,  436, 56 
portrait ;  map ;  two  plane,  and  view  of  Natural  Bridge. 

"*  8th  American  do.,  Carlisle,  Boston,  ISUl;  pp.  364;  portrait 
map ;  two  wood-cuts. 

"  *  9th  American  do.,  Spr.ague,  Boston,  1802 :  12mo.  pp.  368 ;  map. 

"Another  do., Trenton,  N.J..  1803;  12mo,  extra  fine  paper. 

"Another  do..  New  York.  1804;  beet  ed.:  pp.  392. 

'■Another  do.,  Hogan  and  Thompson,  Philadelphia,  1825;  12mo. 

"Another  do.,  Boston,  1832. 

"*  Last  edition,  liandolph.  Richmond,  1853;  3  fi",  pp.  275;  map; 
four  lithographs ;  one  folding  sheet  of  letter-jiresg. 

"It  will  be  noticed  that  very  little  order  seeais  to  h.ave  obtained 
in  numbering  the  editions.  That  called  the  3d  American  appears 
to  have  been  the  eth  in  succession ;  the  1st  hot-pressed,  the  7th ; 
and  so  forth.  Perhaps  some  of  your  readers  may  be  able  to  con- 
tribute to  the  .above  list.  "VYere  there  not  any  editions  during  Mr. 
Jeflfereon's  second  term  as  President  ?  ,,  „  ^.p  „ 

The  last  ed.,  above  noticed,  was  printed  from  Mr.  Jeffer- 
son's own  copy,  with  his  MS.  annotations,  intended  .ap- 
parently for  a  new  issue.  We  may  state  that  Mr.  Randolph 
has  now,  (Jan.  1857,)  or  had  a  few  weeks  since,  on  sale, 
this  copy  of  Mr.  Jefferson's,  which  is  priced  at  $100.  Nor 
must  we  omit  to  notice  Mr.  Randolph's  enterprise  in  re- 
publishing the  History  of  the  University  of  Virginia,  as 
detailed  in  the  Correspondence  of  Mr.  Jefferson  and  Joseph 
C.  Cabell,  Richmond,  1856,  Svo.  Of  these  letters  of  Jeffer- 
son's, all,  with  the  exception  of  eight,  are  now  given  to 
the  world  for  the  first  time.  Ample  information  respectin.^ 
the  character  of  the  Notes  on  Virginia  will  be  found  in 
the  authorities  referred  to  in  the  course  of  this  article. 
As  Stevenson's  Catalogue  of  Voyages  and  Travels,  how- 
ever, is  now  rarely  to  be  met  with,  it  may  bo  worth  while 
to  quote  his  opinion  of  the  work: 


JEF 


JEF 


"Notes  on  Tirginia,,  by  Tbos.  Jofferson,  178S,  Svo.  Politics,  com- 
merce, manufuctiiri's.  and  navigatiun,  are  here  treated  of  in  a  satis- 
factory and  instructive  manner,  but  with  rather  too  much  the  air 
of  philosophy."— P.  623. 

In  1829  was  pub.,  by  Jefferson's  grandson,  Memoirs, 
Correspondence,  and  Private  Papers  of  Thomas  Jefferson, 
edited  by  Thomas  Jefferson  Randolph,  4  vols.  Svo,  Char- 
lottesville, Va. ;  reprinted  in  London  and  in  Boston  in  the 
same  year,  and  in  New  York  in  1S30;  all  in  4  vols.  Svo. 
lint  recently  there  has  appeared  a  more  important  publi- 
cation,— viz.:  The  Writings  of  Thomas  Jefferson;  being 
his  Autobiography,  Correspondence,  Reports,  Messages, 
Addresses,  and  other  Writings,  official  and  private;  from 
the  original  manuscripts  deposited  in  the  Department  of 
State.  With  Explanatory  Notes,  tables  of  contents,  and  a 
copious  Index  to  each  volume,  as  well  as  an  Index  to  the 
whole,  N.  York,  1S54,  9  vols.  Svo.  By  the  Editor,  H.  A. 
Washington.  This  edit,  is  from  the  MSS.  bequeathed  to 
Thomas  Jefferson  Randolph,  the  author's  grandson,  and 
purchased  by  Congress  in  1848.  The  reader  is  also  re- 
ferred— in  addition  to  the  histories  of  the  Revolutionary 
period — to  the  following  biographies  of  Jefferson  :  by 
Professor  George  Tucker,  Phila.  and  Lon.,  18:i7,  2  vols. 
Svo;  by  Wm.  Linn,  Ithaca.  N.  Y.,  1834,  12mo;  by  B.  L. 
Rayner,  Bost.,  1S34,  12mo;  by  H.  A.  Garland;  by  Theo- 
dore Dwight,  1839,  12mo.  See  also  Observations  on  the 
Writings  of  Thomas  Jefferson,  by  H.  Lee,  of  Virginia,  N. 
York,  1832,  Svo,  1839,  Svo,  1S45,  Svo,  with  addit.  notes 
by  C.  C.  Lee,  of  Powhatan,  in  answer  to  George  Tucker's 
Remarks  in  his  Life  of  Jefferson  ;  The  Youth  of  Jefferson, 
a  Chronicle  of  CuUege  Scrapes  at  Williamsburg,  in  Vir- 
ginia, 1855,  12mo.  It  is  worthy  of  observation  that  Jeffer- 
son's Manual  of  Parliamentary  Practice  (trans,  into  French 
by  L.  A.  Pichon,  Paris,  1S14,  Svu)  is  still  in  use,  and  de- 
ferred to  as  an  authority  at  Washington  and  elsewhere, 
and  an  edit,  has  been  pub.  within  the  last  three  or  four 
years.  It  is  incorporated  in  Sutherland's  excellent  Con- 
gressional Manual,  of  which  the  2d  edit,  appeared  in  1S46, 
Phila.,  ISmo.  It  may  be  expected  that  we  should  not 
conclude  a  notice,  however  hasty  and  imperfect,  of  the 
writings  of  Thomas  Jefferson,  without  cautioning  the 
reader  against  the  pernicious  influence  of  those  portions 
of  his  lucubratiuus  which  assail  the  divine  authority  of 
the  Scriptures.  But,  indeed,  it  is  hardly  conceivable  that 
any  intelligent  and  candid  mind  could  be  perverted  by 
the  crudities  and  self-contradictory  sophisms  which  dis- 
tinguish the  theological  speculations  of  the  "Sage  of 
Mouticello."  The  effect  produced  on  our  own  mind — 
when  as  yet  very  young  and  inexperienced  in  the  incon- 
sistencies of  mental  physiology — by  the  perusal  of  a  por- 
tion of  Jefferson's  famous  letters  to  William  Short  was 
that  of  astonishment  that  a  mind  apparently  so  inert  and 
obtuse  in  metaphysics  could  evince  vigour  and  acuteness 
in  political  philosophy.  That  remarkable  exhibition  of 
theologia  dogmatica,  Jefferson's  Plutarchian  contrast  be- 
tween his  own  creed  and  that  of  the  Founder  of  Christi- 
anity, would  amuse  us  by  its  egotism,  did  it  not  shock  us 
by  it?  irreverence.  But,  with  whatever  mortification  a  spec- 
t,acle  so  humiliating  may  be  regarded  by  the  infidel,  Chris- 
tianity has  nothing  to  fear  even  from  much  more  formidable 
opposition. 

A  graphic  sketch  of  Mr.  Jefferson's  appearance,  man- 
ners, and  conversation,  will  bo  found  in  a  letter  of  Judge 
Joseph  Story  to  Mr.  Fay,  dated  Washington,  May  30, 
IS47,  (see  Story's  Life  and  Corresp.,  i.  151-152;)  and  an 
account  of  equal  interest  will  be  published  in  a  few  days 
in  the  Private  Correspondence  of  Daniel  Webster,  vol.  i. 
364-373,  Mr.  Webster  was  so  thoughtful  as  to  preserve 
an  extended  memoranda  of  Mr.  Jeflerson's  remarks;  and 
they  will  well  repay  perusal.  Perhaps  we  cannot  make  a 
better  use  of  a  portion  of  the  small  space  to  which  we  are 
confined  in  this  article  than  by  devoting  it  to  Mr.  Web- 
ster's summing  up  of  the  evidence  in  favour  of  Jefferson's 
claim  to  the  authorship  of  the  Declaration  of  Independ- 
ence: 

"The  merit  of  this  paper  is  Mr.  Jefferson's.  Some  changes  were 
made  in  it  at  the  suggestion  of  other  members  of  the  committee, 
and  others  by  C-ongress  wliile  it  was  under  discuBsion.  But  none 
of  them  altered  the  tone,  the  frame,  the  arrangement,  or  the  gene- 
ral character,  of  the  instrument.  As  a  composition,  the  Declaration 
is  Mr.  Jefferson's.  It  is  the  production  of  hia  mind,  and  the  high 
boiiuur  of  it  helonga  to  him  clearly  and  absnhitely.  To  say  that 
he  performed  his  great  work  well  would  be  doing  him  injustice. 
To  eay  that  he  diil  excellently  WLdl,  admirably  well,  would  he  in- 
adeciuate  and  halting  praise.  Let  us  rather  say  th.it  he  so  dis- 
charged the  duty  assigned  him,  that  all  Americana  may  well 
rejoice  that  the  work  of  drawing  the  title-deed  of  their  liberties 
devolved  upon  him." — A  Discourse,  in  Ooviniemoration  of  Uie  Lives 
and  Scrvic€-'<:  of  John  Adams  and  T/unnas  Jefferson;  delivered  in 
FumuU  Hall,  Boston,  Aug.  2, 1526:  Webster's  Works,  lSo4,  i.  126, 


To  the  same  effect  another  distinguished  orator,  and  on 
a  like  occasion,  remarks: 

*'0n  the  sevfnth  of  June,  the  resolution  of  independence  was 
moved  by  Richard  Henry  Lee.  On  the  eleventh,  a  committee  of 
five  was  chosen  to  announce  this  resolution  to  the  world;  and 
Thomas  Jeffl-rsun  aud  John  Adams  stood  at  the  head  of  this  com- 
mittee. From  their  designation  by  ballot  to  this  most  honorable 
duty,  their  prominent  standing  in  the  Congress  might  alone  be  in- 
ferred. In  their  amicable  contention  and  deference  each  to  the 
other  of  the  great  trust  of  composing  the  all-important  document, 
we  witness  their  patriotic  disinterestedness  and  their  mutual  re- 
spect. This  trust  devulved  on  Jefferson,  and  with  it  rests  on  him 
the  imperishable  renown  of  ha^ing  peimed  the  Declaration  of  Inde- 
pendence. To  havf  been  the  instrument  of  expressing,  in  one 
brief,  decisive  act,  the  concentrated  will  and  resolution  of  a  whole 
family  of  States;  of  unfolding,  in  '>Tir  ;iU-iiii|iortant  manifesto,  the 
causes,  the  motives,  and  the  justiliiatinii  i.f  this  great  movement  in 
h\iman  affairs;  to  have  been  permitted  to  give  the  impress  and 
peculiarity  of  his  own  mind  to  a  charter  of  public  right,  destined^ 
or.  rather,  let  mo  say.  already  elevated — to  an  importance,  in  the 
estimation  of  men,  equal  to  any  thing  human,  ever  l.nrnenn  parch- 
ment, or  expressed  in  the  visible  signs  of  thi.uglit, — this  is  the 
glory  of  Tliomas  Jefferson." — Edward  Everett:  Enh-gn  on  Adams 
and  Jeferson,  1st  of  Aug.  1826.  Everett's  Orations  and  Speeclies, 
1853,  i.  131-149. 

From  an  historical  sketch  of  the  public  life  of  Jefferson, 
by  an  eminent  orator,  still  (1857)  in  the  vigorous  exercise 
of  his  remarkable  faculties  at  the  ripe  age  of  almost  four- 
score, we  extract  a  few  lines  which  will  be  accepted  in 
whole,  or  with  more  or  less  reservation,  as  the  political 
judgment  of  our  readers  may  incline. 

"After  Washington  and  Franklin,  there  is  no  person  who  tills  so 
eminent  a  place  among  the  great  men  of  America  as  Jefferson. 
"Whether  we  regard  his  imiiortant  services  in  the  Revolutionary 
contest,  or  his  subseiiuent  assertion  nf  the  priii'-ijiles  upon  which 
the  separation  was  undertaken, — Imtti  wliilr-  h.-  filli-d  a  subordin-ite 
station  in  Washington's  presidi'ncy,  tliw.irti'd  by  Iiis  cnlleaguog, 
as  well  as  at  variance  with  his  chief,  and  while  he  admini.stered  him- 
self the  government  of  that  free  and  prosperous  country, — no 
reasonable  doubt  can  be  entertained,  that  to  his  enlightened"  views 
and  to  the  firmness  of  his  character  it  is  indebted  fur  much  of 
that  freedom  and  prosperity." — Lord  Broughajw:  Jierieiu  of  Gftnjt 
Tucker's  Life  of  Jefferson,  F>.lin.  Rev.,  1S37:  and  in  Brougham's 
cnUected  Omtrih.  to  the  Edin.  Rev.,  Lon.  and  Ghtsg.,  1856,  iii.  443- 
4S2.    See  Tucker,  George. 

In  addition  to  the  authorities  cited  above,  see  Edin. 
Rev.,  li.  496;  Westm.  Rev.,  xiii.  312;  Eclec.  Rev.,  4th 
Scr.,  V.  249;  Lon.  Month.  Rev.,  cxxi.  277;  Blaekw.  Mag., 
XV.  509,  xvi.  622,  xvii.  67,  xxx.  773,  xxxiv.  296,  299; 
N.  Amer.  Rev.,  xxxix.  23S,  xl.  170,  {both  by  A.  H.  Everett,) 
1.  511,  (by  A.  Ritchie;)  Amer.  Whig  Rev.,  xii.  33;  Amer, 
Quar.  Rev.,  i.  54,  vii.  123 ;  Democrat.  Rev.,  xxvii.  193; 
N.  York  Rev.,i,  5;  Niles's  Reg.,  xiv.  173,  xxiv.  193,  xxx. 
35,  280,  329,  345,  36S,  390,  xxxi.  197.  xliii.,  Supp.,  37; 
South.  Rev.,  V.  100;  South.  Lit.  Mess.,  iii.  31,  304,  iv. 
207,  vi.  642,  (by  A.  P.  Upshur,)  xv.  574;  Knick.,  vi.  394, 
537;  Phila.  Mus.,  xxxii.  289. 

A  new  life  of  Mr.  Jefferson,  by  Henry  S.  Randall,  LL.D., 
was  pub.  in  1858,  3  vols.  Svo.  Dr.  R.  received  from  the 
representatives  of  Mr.  Jefferson  many  family  MSS.,  none 
of  which  had  seen  the  light.     See  Randall,  Henry.  LL.D. 

JefTery,  Jeffrey,  or  Geoflrey,  of  Moumouth. 
See  Geoffrey  of  Monmohth. 

Jettery,  John,  1647-1720,  a  native  of  Ipswich,  en- 
tered of  Catherine  Hall,  Cambridge,  1664;  minister  of 
St.  Peter's  of  Mancroft,  Norwich,  1678;  Archdeacon  of 
Norwich,  1694.  A  complete  collection  of  his  Serms.  and 
Tracts,  Lon.,  1753,  2  vols.  Svo.  See  Memoirs  prefixed  to 
the  collection;  Birch's  Life  of  Tillotson.  Jelfery  was  a 
friend  uf  Sir  T.  Browne. 

Jeffery,  John.     Serm.,  Lon,,  1809,  Svo. 

Jeffery,  Thomas,  a  Dissenting  divine,  settled  at 
Little  Baddow,  Essex,  1726,  pub.  a  Serm.,  1726,  Svo,  and 
three  tracts,  treatises  afjainst  Anthony  Collins,  the  in- 
fidel, 1725,  "26,  '28,  all  Svo.  Of  the  one  entitled  a  Re- 
view, Ac,  1726,  Dr.  Leland  remarks: 

"This  is  drawn  up  in  a  clear  and  judicious  manner,  and  was 
deservedly  well  esteemed.** — Deistical  Writers,   ed.  1S37,  79. 

Dr.  Kennicott  also  commends  Jeffery's  answer  to  Collins, 

Jefferys,  Nathaniel,  M.P.  for  the  city  of  Coventry, 
pub.  tracts  rel.  to  the  Prince  of  Wales,  Mrs.  Fitzherbert, 
Ac,  Lon.,  1806,  Svo,  and  an  Account  of  Dublin,  1810. 

Jefferys,  Thomas,  Geographer  to  George  III.,  pub. 
a  number  of  atlases,  historical,  geographical,  and  other 
works,  for  a  list  of  which  see  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit.;  Rich's 
Bibl.  Amer.  Nova,  vol.  i. 

Jeffray,  James,  M.D.     Carious  Joints,  Glasg.,  1806. 

Jeffrey,  Alexander.  I.  Guide  to  the  Antiquitiea 
and  Scenery  of  the  Border,  Lon.,  1839,  18mo.  2.  History 
and  Antiquities  of  Roxburghshire,  <fec. :  vols.  i.  and  ii.,  1858. 
See  Lon.  Athen.,  681. 

Jeffrey,  Francis,  Lord,  1773-1850,  a  native  of 
Edinburgh,  the  eldest  son  of  George  Jeffrey,  Under-Clerk 
in  the  Court  of  Sessions,  was  sent  to  the  University  of 

959 


JEP 


JEF 


Glasgow  in  17S7,  and  removed  in  1791  to  Queen's  College, 
Oxford,  where  he  remained  but  one  session.  In  1794  be 
was  admitted  an  advocate  at  the  Seotch  Bar,  where  his 
services  were  so  seldom  called  into  requisition  that  he 
declared,  so  late  as  1803,  be  had  never  yet  made  £100  in 
any  one  year  by  his  profession.  At  the  Speculative  So- 
ciety, in  Edinburgh,  he  became  acquainted  with  a  number 
of  young  men  of  decided  abilities,  and,  like  himself, 
anxious  aspirants  after  fame  and  fortune;  and  with  two 
of  these — Sydney  Smith  and  Henry  Brougham — he  formed 
a  literary  intimacy  which  resulted  in  the  establishment  of 
the  Edinburgh  Review,  originated  by  Smith,  but  confided 
t^  the  editurial  care  of  Jeffrey  after  the  publication  of  the 
first  three  numbers.  This  responsible  post  was  held  by 
Jeffrey  from  July,  1803,  to  June,  1829,  when  ho  withdrew 
from  the  chair  of  the  critic  to  occupy  the  post  of  Dean  of 
the  Faculty  of  Advocates,  an  office  of  distinction  at  the 
Scottish  Bar.  In  1830,  Mr.  Jeffrey  was  appointed  Lord- 
Advocate;  in  February,  1831,  he  took  his  seat  in  Parlia- 
ment, where  he  continued  for  more  than  three  years,  and 
in  1S34  succeeded  Lord  Craigie  in  the  Court  of  Session, — 
which  position  gave  him  the  honorary  title  of  Lord  Jeffrey. 
He  so  demeaned  himself  in  his  high  office  as  to  secure  the 
favour  of  all  classes  with  whom  he  was  brought  into  con- 
tact, and  many  a  poor  author  who  had  writhed  under  the 
galling  pen  of  the  critic  considered  himself  compensated 
by  the  courteous  accents  and  bland  manners  of  the 
judge. 

"llis  great  courtesy  to  the  bar,  and  his  singular  patipnce,  might 
bo  takfu  as  models  of  juilicial  demeanour.  But  \vlio  sball  tell  the 
almost  magic  charm  that  he  imparted  to  the  dull  routine  of  a  Court 
of  Justice?  That  he  touched  nothing  which  he  did  not  adm-n  was 
the  least  of  his  praise.  Uow  many  sat  daily  then.',  liht-iiiiii;  li>  tlie 
woudtrful  words  of  that  now  remarkable  sage,  rcijletr  witli  wi.^iiuiu, 
eloquence,  and  legal  lore, — catching  those  bright  jewels  wliich  he 
Bcattered  as  profusely  over  the  musty  pages  of  a  trumpery  Etcord 
as  if  he  were  engaged  on  some  inmiortal  work!  Let  our  young 
barristers  w  ho  crowded  that  court-room  tell  how  the  dull  sliafts  of 
legal  argimient  came  back  from  his  quiver  tipped  with  silver, — how 
strangely  and  wonderfully  the  bright  flawhes  of  his  mind  lighted 
up  the  darkest  and  dingiest  recesses  of  tlie  most  technical  walks  of 
jurispnidence, — how  known  truths  were  decked,  and  dim,  misty 
paths  of  logic  were  illumined,  by  hi.-*  genius, — and  how  he  seemed  to 
have  summoned  the  aid  of  all  the  Muses  to  assist  at  the  solemnities 
of  Themie.  We  may  set;  great  lawyers  and  great  judges  in  our 
day,  but  we  shall  never  look  upon  his  liJte  again." — North  British 
Review,  xiii.  2S3. 

We  should  not  omit  to  state  that  in  1820  Jeffrey  was 
elected  Lord-Rector  of  the  University  of  Glasgow,  a  grate- 
ful tribute  from  his  Alma  Mater. 

Of  the  personal  appearance  of  Lord  Jeffrey  we  have  the 
following  portrait : 

"In  person  the  subject  of  our  memoir  was  of  low  stature;  but 
his  figiu-e,  which  he  tiled  to  set  off  to  the  best  advantage,  was  ele- 
gant and  well  proportioned.  Ilis  features  were  continually  varying 
in  expression,  and  were  said  to  have  baflled  our  best  artists.  The 
face  waa  rather  elongated,  the  chin  deficient,  the  mouth  well  formed, 
with  a  mingled  expression  of  determination,  sentiment,  and  mock- 
ery. The  eye  was  the  most  peculiar  feature  of  the  countenance: 
it  was  large  and  sparkling,  but  with  a  want  of  transpareucy." — 
Sketclics  of  the  Scottish  Bar. 

It  was  in  1815  that  Jeffrey  "set  up  his  rustic  house- 
hold-gods'* at  Craigcrook.  near  Edinburgh,  where  he  con- 
tinued to  pass  his  summers  until  the  year  of  his  death. 
There  he  entertained  his  numerous  guests  in  a  manner  of 
which  Lord  Coekburn  has  given  us  a  graphic  picture : 

*'No  unofficial  house  in  Scotland,"  says  his  Lordship,  ''has  had  a 
greater  influence  on  literary  or  political  opinion.  Beautiful  though 
the  spot,  as  he  has  kept  it,  is,  its  deepest  interest  arises  from  its 
being  the  residence  of  such  a  man.  Nothing  can  efface  the  days 
they  have  passed  there  from  the  recollection  of  his  friends.  Their 
rural  festivities  are  dignified  by  his  virtues  and  talents,  by  all  oiu" 
Edinburgh  eminence,  and  by  almost  every  interesting  stranger. 
The  Craigcrook  Saturdays  during  the  summer  session!" — Lard 
Cockhurn'e  Memorials  of  his  Time,  1S56. 

Lord  Jeffrey  was  married  twice, — first,  in  1804,  to  Cathe- 
rine, daughter  of  the  Rev.  Dr.  Wilson,  of  St.  Andrew's; 
and  secondly,  in  1813,  to  Charlotte,  daughter  of  Charles 
Wilkes,  of  New  York,  and  grand-niece  of  the  celebrated 
John  Wilkes,  of  London. 

The  history  of  the  Edinburgh  Review  is  one  of  the  most 
interesting  pages  in  the  annals  of  English  Literature;  and 
ample  details  respecting  this  periodical,  and  its  influence 
upon  letters,  will  be  found  in  the  authorities  quoted  from 
or  referred  to  in  this  article,  and  in  other  works  familiar 
to  many  of  our  readers.  It  was  successful  from  the  com- 
mencement; and  in  the  space  of  six  years  the  circulation 
bad  increased  from  750  to  about  9000.  In  1813  the  num- 
ber of  each  copy  printed  was  12,000  to  13,000.  The  radi- 
cal changes  both  in  opinion  and  statutes  introduced  by  its 
influence,  at  an  early  or  later  day,  were  remarkable  in- 
deed : 

"To  appreciate  the  valne  of  the  Edinburgh  Iteview,  the  state  of 
England  at  the  period  when  that  journal  began  should  bu  had  in 


reru-tn^brance.  The  Catholics  were  not  emancipated — the  Corpora^ 
tion  and  Test  Act  were  unrepealed — the  Game-Laws  were  horribly 
oppressive,  Steel-Traps  and  Spring-Guns  were  set  all  over  the 
Country — Prisoners  tried  for  their  lives  could  have  no  Counsel^ 
Lord  Kldou  and  tlie  Court  of  Chancery  pressed  heavily  upon  man- 
kind— Libel  was  punished  by  the  most  cruel  and  vindictive  im- 
prisonments— the  principles  of  Political  Economy  were  little  under- 
stood— tlie  Law  of  Debt  and  of  Conspiracy  were  upon  the  worst 
possible  tVioting — the  enormous  wickedness  of  the  Slave-Trade  was 
tolerated — a  thousand  evils  were  in  existence,  which  the  talents 
of  good  and  able  men  have  since  lessened  or  removed;  and  these 
etlects  have  been  not  a  little  assisted  by  the  honest  boldness  of  the 
Edinburgh  Review."— Rev.  Sydney  Smith,  June,  lb39:  Preface  to 
his  Works. 

'-Previous  to  1802,  the  literary  periodicals  of  Great  Britain  were 
repositories  of  miscellanies  relating  to  art,  poetry,  letters,  and 
gossip, — partly  original  and  partly  selected, — huddled  together  with- 
out system,  and  making  up  a  medley  as  varied  and  respectable  as 
a  first-class  weekly  newspaper  of  the  present  day.  The  criticisms 
of  books  were  jejune  in  the  extreme,  consisting  chiefly  of  a  few 
smart  witticisms  and  meagre  connecting  remarks,  stringing  to- 
gether ample  quotations  from  the  work  under  review.  They  rarely 
ventured  into  deep  water  on  philosophical  subjects,  and  as  seldom 
pushed  out  upon  the  tempestuoiis  sea  of  political  discussion.  Per- 
haps one  or  two  journal-^  might  plead  a  feeble  exception  to  the 
general  rule,  but  the  mass  were  'weary,  stale,  flat,  and  unprofit- 
able.' The  Edinburgh  Review  appeared.  It  bounded  into  the 
arena  without  the  countenance  of  birth  or  station,  without  the 
imprimatur  of  the  universities  or  literary  clubs.  Its  avowed  mis- 
sion was  to  erect  a  higher  standard  of  merit  and  secure  a  bolder 
and  a  purer  taste  in  literature,  and  to  apply  philosophical  princi- 
ples and  the  maxims  of  truth  and  humanity  to  politics,  aiming  to 
be  the  manual  of  the  scholar,  the  monitor  of  the  statesman.  As  in 
its  advent  it  ha<l  asked  permission  of  no  one  to  be,  so,  as  to  its  future 
course,  it  asked  no  advice  as  to  what  it  should  do.  Soliciting  no 
quarter,  promising  no  favours,  its  independent  bearing  and  defiant 
tone  broke  the  spell  which  held  the  mind  of  a  nation  in  fetters. 
Its  first  number  revived  the  (hscussion  of  great  political  principles. 
The  splendid  diction  and  searching  philosophy  of  an  essay  on  the 
causes  and  consequences  of  the  French  Revolution  [written  by 
Jctlrey]  at  once  arrested  the  public  eye,  and  stamped  the  character 
of  the  Journal.  Pedants  in  the  pulpit,  and  scribblers  of  Rosa-Ma- 
tilda verses  in  printed  albums,  saw,  from  other  articles  in  the  mani- 
festo, that  exterminating  war  was  declared  on  their  inanities  and 
sentimentalities.  The  new  journal  was  perused  with  avidity,  and 
produced  a  sensation  in  all  classes  of  readers,  exciting  admiration 
and  euvy,  love  and  hatred,  defiance  and  fear.  It  rapidly  attained 
a  large  circulation,  steadily  rose  to  the  highest  position  ever  at- 
tained by  any  similar  publication,  reigned  supreme  in  an  empire 
of  its  own  creation  for  a  third  of  a  century,  accomplishing  vast 
good  mingled  with  no  inconsiderable  evil." — Stanton's  Htfm-ms  and 
jfefoT^icrs  of  Great  Britain  and  Ireland. 

'•The  commencement  of  the  Edinburgh  Review  was  the  dis- 
covery of  a  new  world  in  criticism,  to  which  all  authors  were  liable 
to  be  transported  as  criminals,  and  there  dealt  with  according  to 
laws  made  on  the  spot,  and  executed  by  those  who  made  them. 
The  speculation  answered  well,  the  adventurers  grew  rich  and 
niiowiii'd.  and  their  ambition  increased  with  their  wealth  and  cele- 
brity."— James  Mo.ntgomert:  Lects.  on  General  Lit.,  I'oetrif,  <£c. 

But  let  us  hear  something  on  the  other  side: 

''All  were  the  better  of  a  journal  to  which  every  one  with  an 
object  of  due  importance  had  access,  which  it  was  in  vain  either  to 
bully  or  to  despise,  and  of  the  fame  of  which  even  its  reasonable 
haters  were  inwardly  proud.  .  .  .  Certainly  it  was  not  for  want  of 
warning  that  what  were  said  to  be  its  errors  were  persevered  in. 
Its  enemies,  for  several  years,  found  great  comfort  in  its  abuse, 
which  they  vented  in  streams  of  pamphlets  that  make  cmiona 
reading  now.  Instead  of  practising  the  moderation  and  candour 
the  absence  of  which  from  the  review  is  their  great  complaint,  they 
almost  uniformly  exceed,  by  a  hundredfold,  most  of  the  oflences 
which  they  ascribe  to  it.  But  they  are  generally  kind  enough  to 
admonish  the  wicked  editor  of  the  disgrace  into  which  he  is  falling 
in  the  sight  of  all  good  men,  aud  of  the  speedy  extinction  of  his  abo- 
minable work." — Lord  Cockburn  :  Life  of  Lord  Jejffrnj.  vol.  i.,  1852. 

"It  was  not  the  principles  of  the  Edinburgh  Ifeview,  but  the 
spirit,  that  was  looked  at  with  jealousy  and  alarm.  The  principlea 
were  by  no  means  decidedly  hostile  to  existing  institutions,  but 
the  spirit  was  that  of  fair  and  free  discussion:  a  field  was  open  to 
argument  and  wit ;  every  question  was  tried  upon  its  own  ostensible 
merits,  and  there  was  no  foul  play.  The  tone  was  that  of  a  studied 
impartiality,  (which  may  be  called  trimming.)  or  of  a  sceptical  in- 
diflerence.  This  tone  of  impartiality  and  indifference,  however,  did 
not  at  all  suit  those  who  profited  or  existed  by  abuses,  who  breathed 
the  very  air  of  corruption.  They  knew  well  enough  that  'those 
who  are  not  for  them  are  against  ihem.^^'^Hazlitt's  Spirit  of  the 
Age :  Mr.  Jeffrey. 

"  I  hope  you  read  the  Edinburgh  Review :  it  is  far  the  best  of  our 
periodical  publications.  It  is  charged  with  severity;  but  the  accu- 
sation is  most  loudly  made  by  bad  writers  and  their  stupid  admirers. 
For  my  part  I  am  not  displeased  to  see  the  laws  of  the  republic  of 
letters  enforced  with  some  rigour  against  delinquents  who  have  too 
long  enjoyed  a  scandalous  impuuitv." — Sir  James  Mackintosh: 
Leftrr  to  M.  Gents,  Feb.  5,  1SI)4;  in  JHuckiyi tosh's  Life,  bi/  his  Son. 
In  connexion  with  Lord  Cockburn's  remarks,  doubtless 
many  amusing  instances  of  indignant  reviewed  authorship 
will  recur  to  the  memory  of  our  readers.  Lord  Byron's 
case  we  have  already  considered  at  large,  and  we  now 
notice,  in  passing,  the  philosophical  wrath  of  Wordsworth, 
who  classed  Robespierre,  Buonaparte,  and  JefiVey  together 
as  the  three  most  formidable  enemies  of  the  human  race 
who  had  appeared  in  his  remembrance,  and  the  school- 
boy petulance  of  Southey,  who  says  that  Jefl'rey's  review 
of  Madoc  (Edin.  Rev.,  Oct.  1805)  "is  very  unfair  and 
very  uncivil." — Letter  to  Mrs.  Southei/,  Oct.  16,  1S06. 


JEF 

"To  JefTrpy  as  an  individual  I  shall  ever  be  ready  to  show  every  | 
kind  of  individual  courtesy;  but  of  Judge  Jeflr.  y,  "f  the  Edinburgh 
Review.  I  must  ever  think  and  speak  a3  a  h.i'l  pwhtioian,  a  worse  i 
moralist,  and  a  critic,  in  matters  of  taste,  oinudly  iiu-ompetent  and  ■ 
nnjust.*"— Zcfftr  to  WctUer  Scott,  Dec.  8, 1807;  ^uutMy's  Life  and  i 
Corresp.  _    _  1 

Is  there  any  thing  in  the  world  more  ridiculous  than 
the  wailings  of  an  suthor  over  the  wounds  which  the 
arrows  of  criticism  have  inilieted  upon  his  literary  off- 
spring? From  the  days  of  the  "  enemy"  uf  the  patient 
Job,  was  there  ever  yet  a  man  who  "  wrote  a  book,"  and 
saw  that  book  in  the  hands  of  the  executioner,  who  was 
not  laughed  at  by  the  "sympathizing  public"  for  his 
lamentations  or  his  revilings  ?  We  shall  do  well  tore- 
member  these  amiable  comments  of  ours  when  our  own 
leviathan  of  a  volume  is  passing  *' under  the  saws  and 
harrows"'  of  the  Philistines. 

Southey.  indeed,  had,  long  before  the  date  of  either  of 
the  remarks  just  quoted,  expressed  an  unfavourable  opinion 
of  the  Edinburgh  periodical : 

"Their  philosophy  appears  in  their  belief  in  Hindoo  chronology; 
and  when  they  abuse  Parr's  style,  it  is  rather  a  knock  at  the  dead 
lion,  old  Johnson.  A  first  number  has  great  advantages;  the  re- 
viewers say  their  say  upon  all  subjects,  and  lay  d"wn  the  law: 
that  contains  the  Institutes;  by-and-bv  they  cau  only  comment." — 
Letter  to  C.  W.  W.  Wi/nn,  Dec.  22.  1802. 

''The  Edinburgh  iteview  will  not  keep  its  ground.  It  consists 
of  pamphlets  instt-ad  of  critical  accounts." — Letter  to  5.  T.  CoU- 
riifge,  March  14,  1803:  ^uthey's  Life  and  Oirrexp. 

]But  the  "Edinburgh  Review"  has  "  kept  its  ground ;'' 
and  many  of  its  brilliant  papers  are,  and  alw.ays  will  be, 
read  twenty  times  where  Madoe,  or  any  other  work  of 
Southey's,  is  or  will  be  read  once. 

Lord  Jeffrey's  contributions  to  the  Edinburgh  Review 
extend  over  a  period  of  almost  half  a  century, — the  first, 
(the  first  article  in  the  first  No.,  to  which  he  contributed 
five  papers,)  Mounier  sur  la  Revolution  de  France, — 
bearing  date  October,  1802.  and  the  last — Watt  or  Caven- 
dish ?— given  to  the  world  January,  1848.  The  9Sth  No., 
pub.  June,  1829,  was  the  last  he  edited:  and  the  review 
of  the  Memoirs  of  Lady  Fanshawe,  which  appeared  in 
October,  1n2H,  was  the  last  article  he  furnished  as  a  regu- 
lar contributor.  His  only  papers  after  this  date  were 
Naval  Tactics.  April.  1830;  Memoirs  of  Sir  J.  Mackintosh, 
October.  1835;  AVilberforce's  Correspondence,  October, 
1S40;  Watt  or  Cavendibh?  January,  1848.  A  list  of  his 
articles — 200  in  all — will  be  found  in  the  Appendix  to 
Lord  Cockburn's  Life  of  the  Author.  His  biographer,  and 
other  friends,  had  often  urged  him,  but  in  vain,  to  de- 
signate his  articles;  but  at  last,  in  December,  1840,  Lord 
Cockburn  found  him  in  a  yielding  mood,  and  number 
after  number  of  the  Review  was  brought  under  examina- 
tion, until  the  whole  bad  been  subjected  to  a  rigid  scru- 
tiny. The  results  we  have  already  stated.  In  1843.  he 
consented,  at  the  request  of  the  publishers  of  the  Review, 
to  make  a  selection  from  his  contributions  for  the  purpose 
of  republication,  and  in  this  year  appeared  Contributions 
to  the  Edinburgh  Review,  by  Francis  Jeffrey,  4  vols.  8vo, 
£2  Ss.;  2d  edit.,  1846.  3  vols.  8vo,  £2  2s.;  3d  ed.,  1853,  1 
vol.  8vo,  pp.  1005,  £1  Is.,  with  a  general  Index. 

The  contents  of  these  edits,  are  the  same.  Of  the  199 
articles  which  had  been  contributed  to  the  Review,  (the 
200th  was  pub.  in  Jan.  1848,)  we  have  in  this  collection 
only  79,  which  are  thus  cl^^sified : — I.  General  Literature 
and  Literary  Biography,  !v  articles;  II.  History  and  His- 
torical Memoirs,  It)  articles;  III.  Poetry,  22  articles; 
IV.  Philosophy  of  the  Mind,  Metaphysics,  and  Jurispru- 
dence, 6  articles;  V.  Novels.  Tales,  and  Prose  Works  of 
Fiction,  8  articles;  VI.  General  Politics,  6  articles;  VII. 
Miscellanies,  17  articles.  At  the  close  of  the  collection  are 
added  Notice  of  the  Honourable  Henry  Erskine,  from  The 
Edinburgh  Courant,  Oct.  10,  1817;  Notice  and  Character 
of  Professor  Playfair,  from  an  Edinburgh  paper  of  Aug. 
1819;  Notice  and  Character  of  James  Watt,  from  the 
Scotsman,  Sept.  4,  1S19.  It  is  proper  to  state  that  the 
article  entitled  Beauty,  contributed  by  Jeffrey  to  the 
Supplement  to  the  Encyclopcedia  Britanniea  in  1824,  (but 
prepared,  Lord  Cockburn  says,  in  1816.)  is  an  enlarge- 
ment of  his  review  of  Alison's  Nature  and  Principles  of 
Taste,  pub.  in  the  Edinburgh  Review.  May,  ISll.  In 
Jeffrey's  collected  Contributions  to  the  Edinburgh  Review, 
the  article  Beauty  appears  in  its  complete  form  as  pub. 
in  the  Encyclopaedia  Britanniea.  We  quote  two  rather 
antagonistic  opinions  upon  this  essay  : 

-Of  all  the  treatises  that  have  been  published  on  the  theory  of 
taste,  it  is  the  most  complete  in  its  philosophy  and  the  most  de- 
lightful in  its  writing;  and  it  is  as  sound  as  the  subject  admits  of.'' 
—Lord  Cockburn  :  Life  of  Lord  Jeffrey,  vol.  i. 

"Few  works  of  the  kind  are  more  questionable  in  the  principle, 
or  more  loose  in  the  arrangement  and  argument." — LyaWs  Ago- 
nisUs;  orj  Fhikisojjhical  Strictures,  d?:.,  Lou.,  18oG,  IS—tL 
61 


JEF 

There  are  still  121  of  Jeffrey's  contributions  to  the  Edin- 
burgh Review  uncollected.  This  should  be  so  no  longer. 
Those  subjects  of  his  criticism  who  would  have  been 
aggrieved  by  the  republication  of  the  strictures  of  the  re- 
viewer have  almost  all  passed  away,  and,  if  their  reputa- 
tion is  so  frail  as  to  be  afiected  by  a  little  good-humoured 
ridicule,  it  is  not  worth  preserv.ation. 

Our  curious  friends  will  be  gratified  to  know  that  the 
authors  of  many  of  the  articles  in  the  Edinburgh  Review 
will  be  found  in  the  London  Gentleman's  Magazine  for 
1845,  Pt.  1,  497-500,  (articles  in  vols,  i.-xv.;)  ibid.,  Pt.  2, 
585-589,  (articles  in  vols,  xvi.-xxxvii.) 

A  list  of  the  authors  of  many  of  the  contributions  to  the 
Quarterly  Review  will  be  found  in  the  Gent.  Mag.  for 
1844,  Pt.  1,  137-141,  (articles  in  vols,  i.-xix. :)  ibid.,  Pt.  I, 
577-580,  (articles  in  vols,  xxi.-xxxix.;)  1845,  Pt.  1,  599- 
6lt2.  (articles  in  vols.  xU.-lix.  j  1847,  Pt.  2,34-37,  (arti- 
cles in  vols.  Ixi.-lxxviii.) 

An  interesting  history  of  the  Review  and  its  contri- 
butors will  be  found  in  Lord  Cockburn's  Life  of  Lord  Jef- 
frey. See  also  a  paper  on  the  originators  of  the  Quar- 
terly, in  Gent.  Mag.,  1844,  Pt.  1,  p.  246;  and  see  our  life 
of  William  Gifford,  in  this  Dictionary. 

We  have  already  intimated  that  the  formidable  critic 
was  a  most  agreeable  companion, — that  the  lion  of  the  Re- 
view was  the  lamb  of  the  dinner-table  and  evening  circle. 
Sometimes,  however,  even  Jeffrey's  politeness  was  not 
proof  against  boredom.  There  was  "a  time  with  him 
when  patience  ceased  to  be  a  virtue."  Of  one  of  these  in- 
stances of  human  frailty  we  have  an  amusing  account  by 
Lady  Holland : 

"The  reigning  bore  at  this  time  in  Edinburgh  was ;  his 

favourite  subject,  the  North  Pole.  It  mattered  not  how  far  south 
you  began,  you  found  yourself  transported  to  the  North  Pole  be- 
fore you  could  take  breath.  No  one  escaped  him.  My  father  de- 
clared he  should  invent  a  slip  button.  Jeffrey  fled  from  him  aa 
from  the  plague,  when  possible;  but  one  day  his  arch-tormentor  met 
him  in  a  narrow  lane,  and  began  instantly  on  the  North  Pole. 
Jetirey,  in  despair,  and  out  of  all  p-itience,  darted  past  him,  ex- 
claiming. 'Hang  the  North  Pole!'  My  father  met  him  shortly 
after,  boiling  with  indignation  at  Jeffrey's  contempt  of  the  North 
Pule.  'Oh,  my  dear  fellow,'  s.aid  my  father,  "never  mind;  no  one 
minds  what  Jeffrey  says,  you  know;  he  is  a  privileged  person;  he 
respects  nothing, — absolutely  nothing.  Why.  you  will  scarcely  be- 
lieve it,  but  it  is  not  more  than  a  week  ago  that  I  heard  him  speak 
disrespectfully  of  the  equator.'  ^'—Menioir  of  the  Bev.  Sydmy  Smith. 
For  further  notices  of  Jeffrey,  and  Jeffrey's  "swashing 
blows,"  see,  in  addition  to  the  authorities  already  referred 
to,  Lockhart's  Life  of  Sir  Walter  Scott:  Introduc.  to  the 
Lay  of  the  Last  Minstrel;  Sir  Archibald  Alison's  Hist,  of 
Europe,  1815-52,  chap,  v.,  and  his  Essays,  1S50,  vol.  v.; 
Hazlitfs  Spirit  of  the  Age;  GilfiUan's  Literary  Portraits, 
ijallcries  1st  and  3d ;  Allan  Cunningham's  Biog.  and 
Crit.  Hist,  of  the  Lit.  of  the  Last  Fifty  Years ;  The  Perio- 
dical Press  of  Great  Britain  and  Ireland;  Sir  T.  N.  Tal- 
fourd's  Essays;  Lyall's  Agonistes ;  Tuckerman's  Mental 
Portraits;  Whipple's  Essays  and  Reviews;  Chambers's 
Papers  for  the  People,  vols.  i.  and  ii. ;  Cleveland's  Eng.  Lit. 
of  the  lUth  Cent. ;  North  Brit.  Rev.,  xi.  252,  xiii.  146,  xvii, 
153;  Eclec.  Rev.,  4th  Ser.,  xv.  434,  xxxi.  606;  Westm. 
Rev.,  liii.  1;  Irish  Quar.  Rev.,  ii.  249;  National  Review, 
No.  2,  1856;  Blackwood's  Mag.,  ii.  70,  72,  S^,  674,  iii.  75, 
iv.  751,  vii.  319,  viii.  567,  x.,  Preface,  669,  n.,  xi.  438, 
485,  608,  xii.  1S6,  701,  xiii.  51,  93.  95,  96,  476.  717,  xiv. 
82,  220,  501,  502.  xv.  122,  144,  558.  xvi.  165,  166,  xvii. 
461,  486,  xxi.  106,  xxii.  546.  xxiii.  482,  xxiv.  15,  16, 
692,  xxvi.  593,  xxvii.  283.  665,  xxix.  190,  664,  741,  748, 
869,  878,  891,  929,  934,  xxx.  300,  409,  412,  896.  xsxii. 
116,  854,  xxxvii.  818,  xxxviii.  297;  Lon.  Gent.  Mag., 
1850;  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  xxxv.  181;  N.  York  Eclec.  Mag., 
XX.  269  ;  Democratic  Rev,,  xxvii.  320  ;  Knickerbocker,  xxii. 
270;  Bost.  Liv.  Age,  xxiv.  599,  xxv.  172;  Phila.  Analec. 
Mag.,  xiv.  52. 

We  may  be  permitted,  in  passing,  to  observe  that,  of 
Lord  Jeffrey's  200  papers  in  the  Edinburgh  Review, 
almost  if  not  quite  every  one  is  either  quoted  from  or 
referred  to  in  this  Dictionary.  This  article  is  already 
sufficiently  long,  but  we  feel  unwilling  to  close  it  without 
at  least  a  few  quotations, — without  a  few  reviews  of  the 
great  reviewer: 

"lie  was  not  so  much  distinguished  by  the  predominance  of  any 
one  great  quality  as  by  the  union  of  several  of  the  finest.  Rapidity 
of  intelk-rt.  iiisti-iid  nt  mi:?i'-iidin;:.  fis  it  often  does,  was  combined 
in  him  wiili  gnut  sdtnuhn'ss;  ;ni<l  ji  high  condition  of  the  reasoning 
powers  witli  ;iii  lative  and  d'.-liglitful  fancy.  Though  not  what  is 
,  termed  learned,  his  knowledge  was  various;  and  on  literature, 
;  politics,  and  the  philosophy  of  life,  it  was  deep.  A  taste  exquisitely 
dedicate  and  largely  exercised  w:is  one  of  the  great  sources  of  his 
eiyoyment,  and  of  his  unmatched  critical  skill." — -Lord  Cockburn; 
L\fe  of  Lf}rd  Jeffrey. 

"  He  is  thoroughly  acquainted  with  the  progress  and  pretensions 
of  modern  literature  and  philosophy;  and  to  this  he  adds  tho 

461 


JEF 


JEN 


natiujil  acuteneas  and  discriminritinn  r.f  the  logician  with  tae 
li:i)ii(ii;il  cautiou  and  coolness  of  lii^  i>i  ir-MMti.  ,  .  .  The  clia- 
iMi  h  iisticaof  Mr.  Jeffrey's  general  st\l.  i-  i  ^M  iirr  correspond,  we 
tluiik.  with  what  we  have  stated  as  i\i<-  rlcnartrrjstics  of  his  mind. 
He  is  a  master  of  the  foils :  he  makes  an  exulting  display  of  the 
dazzling  fence  of  wit  and  argument.  His  strength  consists  in  a 
great  range  of  knowledge,  an  equal  familiarity  with  the  prinfijik-s 
and  the  details  of  a  subject,  and  in  a  glancing  brilliancy  and  rapid- 
ity of  style.  Indeed,  we  duubt  whether  the  brilliancy  of  his  man- 
ner does  not  resolve  itself  into  the  rapidity,  the  variety  and  aptness 
of  his  illustrations.  His  pen  is  never  at  a  loss,  never  stands  still ; 
and  would  dazzle  for  this  reason  alone,  like  an  eye  that  is  ever 
in  motion.  Mr.  Jeffrey  is  far  from  a  flowery  or  aftected  writer :  he 
has  few  tropes  or  figures,  still  less  any  odd  startling  thoughts  (»r 
quaint  innovations  in  expression;  but  he  has  a  constant  i^upply  of 
ingenious  solutions  and  pertinent  examples;  he  never  pro;?e!S,  lu'vrr 
grows  dull,  never  wears  an  argument  to  tatters:  and.  by  the  num- 
ber, the  liveliness,  and  facility  of  his  transitions,  keeps  that  ai>- 
pearance  of  vivacity,  of  novel  and  sparkling  effect,  for  which  others 
are  too  often  indebted  to  singularity  of  combiuatiun  or  tinsel 
ornaments.'' — HuzliWs  Spirit  of  the  Aye. 

No  one  denies  all  this:  but  less  partial  critics  can  see 
defects  as  well  as  beauties;  and  less  partial  critics  there- 
fore must  be  allowed  to  give  an  opinion  in  the  premises: 

"What  then  is  wanting  fi>  enable  him  t-.  fill  the  judgment-seat 
of  criticism  with  honour  lu  Ijinis^ir  and  willi  pniiit  tu  .itliers?  He 
wants  iuiagination.  He  not  only  li;i?>  littlr  im;iginatioii  of  his  own. 
but  he  does  not  perceive  that  no  work  of  genius  can  exist  witliout 
it;  that  it  is  the  preserving  soul  which  makes  works  immortal. 
Wherever  he  has  met  with  it,  he  looks  upon  it  witli  the  eye  of  con- 
tempt, and  ciists  it  from  him,  as  the  Arabs  did  the  Oriental  pearls  in 
th.-  wilderness.  This  is  the  chief  secret  of  the  scorn  which  he  lias 
hvapid  on  the  chief  poets  of  the  day:  his  reviews  of  Scott,  ^\'ords- 
worih.  Stiiithey,  Coleridge,  and  Montgomery,  all  exhibit  the  ori- 
gin,! I  drtii  urny  of  the  critic:  they  are  not  judged  by  their  pens;  he 
cum  .t  jiil^'  them:  they  have  risen  beyond  his  reach,  into  the 
atiim.-phrrt.'  of  Imagination.  To  his  upturned  and  wond'Thrj;  fys, 
such  lligUts  are  folly,  and  he  thinks  tli^it.  ;;ciiius,  li|;r  AiiLimi-.  n'lust 
die  when  it  forsakes  the  ground.  Had  .I'dif-y  jm  -i---r,i  iiii;,-iii;i- 
tion,  he  would  never  have  penned  the  insulting  revitw.-,  to  winch 
I  allude.  His  criticisms  did  great  injury  to  the  cause  of  literature; 
his  sarcastic  strictures  tamed  down  the  elastic  and  bounding  spirit 
of  man;  poets  wrote  with  the  fear  of  the  critic  upon  them,  and 
dreaded  the  universal  laugh  of  the  world.  Uirds  seldom  sing  well 
when  the  kite  is  in  the  air,  and  bards  dre;uicd  the  Judge  Jeffrey 
of  our  day  as  much  as  political  offend,  is  dni.led  the  Judge  Jef- 
freys of  James  tlie  Second.  By  critii  i-.iii-  -ii.  h  :is  this,  true  genius 
is  defrauded  of  its  fame  for  a  time,  .md  r|.-;i[it  und  polished  me- 
diocrity prospers  and  flourishes.  Whnc  an-  many  of  the  writers 
he  has  praised?  gone  to  oblivion,  with  all  their  point  and  their 
glitter.  Where  are  some  of  the  writers  he  has  traduced  and  abused? 
sitting  on  the  highest  pinnacles  of  fame.'' — Allan  Gunninghaiii's 
Biog.  and  Cn't.  Hist,  of  the  LU.  of  the  I^st  Fifty  Years,  1S33. 

"  Such  being  the  nature  of  true  Poets  and  true  poetry,  and  such 
the  light  in  which  they  are  regarded  by  the  race  whom  they  ele- 
vate,— what,  pray,  it  may  be  asked,  did  Mr.  Jeffrey  mean  t'other 
day,  by  saying  that  all  the  Poets  of  this  Age  are  forgotten?  [See 
Edin.  Itev.,  No.  95.1  There  are  few  people  whom  we  love  and  ad- 
mire more  than  Mr.  JeflVey, — thougli  we  believe  he  does  not  know 
it;  but  why  will  he,  in  his  elegant  and  graceful  way,  speak  such 
nonsense?  Scott.  Byron,  Soutliey.  Coleridge,  Wordsworth,  Moore, 
are,  he  assures  us,  already  all  forgotten — or  nearly  so.— fading 
away, — mere  specks  on  the  distant  horizon  of  men's  clouded  memi>- 
riesi  Why,  our  dear  sir,  you  mi-ht  just  as  w.-ll  affirm  that  the 
stars  are  forgotten,  because  thoii-a  1 1.  K,,i  .Marliiul-;  of  people,  coming 
and  going  to  and  from  evening  i-aiii'^  air  ji.i  at  the  time  aM-are 
that  the  heavens  are  full  of  th.  m,  rliat  ^-iMpiimis  are  watching  by 
them  on  the  hills,  and  sailors  wuiling  by  them  on  the  seas,  and 
astronomers  counting  them  in  observatories  and  occasionally  dis- 
covering one  that  had  been  invisible  to  the  mole-eyes  of  men  since 
the  creation.  Yet  in  all  the  nonsense  Mr.  Jeffrey  ever  spoke,  or  may 
speak,  you  always  may  find  some  grains  of  sense :  for  who  doubts 
his  sagacity  and  his  genius?  Not  one  of  our  great  or  good  living 
Poets  is  forgotten  at  this  hour  by  Mr.  Jeffrey  himself,  nor  any  of 
those  critiques  of  his  own,  eithpr,*in  which  he  did  noble  justice  to 
Borao  of  them  and  ignoble  injustice  to  others,  according  to  the 
transient  or  permanent  moods  by  which  lils  fast.-.  frelin,L'.and  judg- 
ment were  swayed.  Nor  are  his  criti.jur.^  tli-m-.-lvr^-  Iikdy'to  V- 
forgotten, — soon  or  ever;  formanyof  tlirm  IkIuhij;,  wl-  v.ailv  brli.'ve, 
to  our  philosophical  literature,  lint  lli.-v  hoM  Uvq  tenure  of  their 
existence  by  the  existeiic  of  th.' p^Ttiv  whi.'li  ihfv  sought  to  illus- 
trate or  obscure:  from  thi-  •Ln.ld.-n  m  n-  ..i  th  .  I'ucts'  did  he  'draw 
light,'— the  light  in  whieli  he  is  hini^.dt  eun>i<ieuous;  and,  were  it 
extinguished,  bis  literary  life  would  be  a  blank." — PaoFESsoR  Wil- 
son: Blachw.  Mag.,  Feb.  1R30;  and  m  his  Essai/s  Critical  and  Ima- 
ginative, Edin.  and  Lon..  1856,  i.  355,  356.  See  also  Blackw.  Mag.. 
June,  1828,  or  Essays,  i.  245. 

"  Our  very  ideas  of  what  is  poetry,"  says  Sir  Walter  Scott  of 
Jeffrey,  "differ  so  widely,  that  we  rarely  talk  upon  these  subjects. 
There  is  something  in  his  mode  of  reasoning  that  leads  me  greatly 
to  doubt  whether,  uotwithstJmding  the  vivacity  of  his  imagination, 
he  really  has  any  feeling  of  poetical  genius,  or  whether  ho  has 
worn  it  all  off  by  perpetually  sharpening  his  wit  on  the  grindstone 
of  criticism.  ...  I  should  be  glad  for  his  own  sake  that  he  took 
some  opportunity  to  retrace  the  paths  of  his  criticism;  but,  after 
pledging  liimself  so  deeply  as  he  has  done,  I  doubt  much  his  giving 
way,  even  unto  conviction." — Sir  WaJti'r  Srntt  to  Joanna  BatlUe, 
Jan.  17  and  April  4,  1S1*2  ;  LockharVs  Life  of  Scntt. 

"But,  with  my  friend  Jeffrey's  pardon.  I  think  he  loves  to  see 
imagination  best  when  it  is  bitted  and  managed,  and  ridden  upon 
the  grand  pas.  He  does  not  make  allowance  for  starts  and  sallies 
and  bounds,  when  Pegasus  is  beautiful  to  behold,  though  some- 
times perilous  to  his  rider,"— .ScoWs  Diar;/.  Jan.  1, 1827  :  w^i'  supra. 

"The  celebrated  editor  of  this  work,  [Edinburgh  Review.]  with 
little  imagination,  little  genuine  wit,  and  no  clear  view  of  any 


great  and  central  principles  of  crilicism,  has  contrived  to  iazzlc,  to 
astonish,  and  occiisionally  to  deli-Id.  multitudes  of  readers,  and.  at 
one  period,  to  hold  the  temporary  fat.-  of  autliors  at  his  will.  His 
qualitications  are  all  singukuly  adajyt-a  to  his  office.  Without 
deep  feeling,  which  few  can  understand,  he  has  a  quick  sensibility, 
with  which  all  sympathize;  without  a  command  of  images,  he  haa 
a  glittering  radiance  of  words  which  the  most  superficial  may 
admire:  neither  too  hard-hearted  always  to  refuse  his  admiration, 
nor  too  kindly  to  suppress  a  sneer,  he  has  been  enabled  to  app.-ar 
most  witty,  most  wise,  and  most  eloquent,  to  those  wlio  h;ive 
clioscn  him  for  their  oracle." — Sir  N.  Talpourd  :  Crit.  and  MisccU. 
Writings. 

"  Jefl'rey,  who  took  the  lead  in  tJiis  great  revolution  in  literature, 
was  a  very  remarkable  man.  but  more  so  from  the  light,  airy  turn 
of  Ins  mind,  and  the  felicity  of  illustration  which  he  possesse.i.  th;in 
from  cither  originality  of  thought  or  nervous  force  of  exi)res.sii.n. 
His  information  was  far  from  extensive:  he  shared  in  the  defi- 
ciency of  his  country  at  that  period  in  classical  knowledge;  he  was 
ignorant  of  Italian  and  (.ierman ;  and  his  acquaintance  with  French 
literature  was  chiefly  confined  to  the  gossiping  memoirs  of  the 
day,  and,  with  that  of  his  own  country,  to  the  writings  of  the  Scotch 
metaphysicians  or  the  old  English  dramatists.  But'  these  subjects 
he  knew  thoroughly;  within  these  limits  he  was  thoroughly  mas- 
ter. He  was  fitted  by  nature  to  be  a  great  critic.  A  passionate 
admirerof  poetry,  alive  to  all  the  beauties  and  influences  of  nature, 
with  a  feeling  mind  and  a  sensitive  Imart  lie  jinsse^sed  at  the  samo 
time  the  calm  judgment  which  euabl'  i  Imu  t.  Inim  an  impartial 
opinion  on  the  works  submitted  to  hi^  .  \  itiuiMU.ii.  and  the  correct 
tiuste  wliich,  in  general,  discovered  genius  mid  detected  imperfec- 
tions in  them." — Sia  AncniB.AiD  Auson:  Hist,  of  Europe,  1815-52, 
chap.  V.  See  also  his  Essays,  Polit.,  Hist.,  and  Miscell.,  Edin.  and 
Lou.,  18.50,  vol.  iii. 

Jetfireys,  Lord,  d.  1703,  son  of  " hanging  Lord 
Jefi'rey.*,"  is  said  to  have  pub.  two  poetical  pieces  in  the 
State  Pucins,  4  voLs.  Svo,  and  The  Argument  rel.  to  the 
E.  India  Co..  Ac  Lon.,  lUSK,  fol. 

Jeffreys,  Georj^e,  1078-1755.  Miscellanies  in  Prosa 
and  Verso,  1754,  4to.  The  anonymous  verses  prefixed  to 
Cato  were  written  by  JetFreys.     See  Nichols's  Select  Collcc. 

Jeifreys,  11,,  Archdeacon  of  Bombay.  Charges  against 
Cu.^tom  and  Puhlic  Opinion  ;  2d  ed..  Lon..  1S3S,  12mo. 

Jeffreys,  Julius.    British  Army  in  India,  Lon.,  1S58. 

Jeffries,  Daniel.  Treatise  ou  Diamonds  and  Pearls, 
Lon.,  1750,  '51,  Svo.     Highly  commended. 

Jeffries,  John,  M.D.,  1744-1819,  a  native  of  Boston, 
pub.  A  Narrative  of  Two  Aerial  Voyages,  one  from  London 
to  Kent,  and  one  from  England  into  France,  Lon.,  17S6, 
4to.     Si-e  Tbaeher's  Amcr.  Med.  Biog. 

Jegon,  Wni.     Two  Serms.,  1(585,  1707,  both  4to. 

Jekyd,  Nat.     Finance  of  G.  Britain,  1817. 

Jekyl,  Sir  Joseph,  d.  1738,  Master  of  the  Rolls. 
The  Judicial  Authority  of  the  Master  of  the  Rolls. 

Jekyl,  Thomas,  B.D.,  Vicar  of  Rowde,  pub.  three 
Serms.,  IGSO,  "81,  '1)7,  and  three  theolog.  treatises. 

Jekyll,  Joseph,  1.  Temple  Church,  &c.,  Lon.,  1811, 
4t.o.     2.  Sanehu's  Letters,  1782.  2  vols.  Svo;  1803,  Svo. 

Jelf,  Richard  William,  D.D.,  Canon  of  Christ 
Church,  O.-cford;  Principal  of  King's  College,  London; 
former  Fellow  of  Oriel  College,  Oxford.  1.  Serms.,  Doc- 
trinal and  Practical,  preached  abroad,  Lon.,  1835,  Svo.  2. 
The  Means  of  Grace:  8  Serms.  at  the  Bauipton  Lect.  for 
1844,  O.Kf .  1844,  Svo.     See  Jewel  or  Jewell,  John,  D.D. 

Jell",  \V,  E.  1.  Greek  Grammar,  from  the  German 
of  Kiihncr,  Lon.,  1842-45,  2  vols.  Svo;  1851,  2  vols.  Svo. 
2.  XII.  Serms.,  1848,  Svo.  3.  Appen.  to  Eton  Greek 
Gram..  1849.  12mo. 

Jelinger,  Christopher.     Serms.,  &c.,  1649-76. 

Jelly,  Harry.     Serms.  at  Bath,  Lon.,  18411,  Svo. 

Jeniniat,i>lrs.    Her  Memoirs.  Lon.,  1761,2  vols.  12mo. 

Jemmat,  W'm,     Serms.,  &c.,  Lon.,  1G24,  '44,  Svo. 

Jemmett,  \Vm,  T,  Acts  rel.  to  Adminis.  of  Law 
in  Cis.  of  Equity;  2d  ed.,  Lon..  1836,  12mo. 

Jenings,  Abr,  Miraculum  Basilicon  ;  truly  exhibit- 
ing the  wonderful  Preservation  of  his  sacred  Majesty  after 
the  Battle  of  Worcester.  Lon.,  1GG4,  Svo. 

Jenings,  Edward.     See  Jenvnge.s. 

Jenings,  John.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1701,  4to. 

Jenison,  Hobert.     Serms.,  Ac.,  Lon.,  IG2I-48. 

Jenison,  Hobert,     The  P(tpi^h  Plot.  Lon.,  1G79.  fol. 

Jenkin,  Robert,  D.D.,  1G56-1727,  a  native  of  Min- 
ster, Thauet,  Lady  Margaret's  Prof,  of  Divinity,  pub. 
several  theolog.  works,  of  which  the  best-known  is  the  one 
entitled  The  Reasonableness  and  Certainty  of  the  Chris- 
tian Religion,  1696-97,  12mo.  Of  this  work  there  were  6 
edits. :  the  best  is  that  of  1734,  2  vols.  Svo. 

"On  the  antiiiuity,  the  inspiration,  the  style,  the  canon,  the 
various  readings,  the  chronology,  the  obscurity.  &c.  of  the  Scrip- 
tures, his  reasonings  and  statements  are  well  deserving  of  atten- 
tion."—Orme's  Bibi  Bib. 
I      Also  recommended  by  Bishops   Cleaver,   Watson,  and 
,  Tomline. 

j      Jenkin,  Thomas,     Miracles,  Camb.,  1750,  Svo. 
j      Jenkin,  Wni.     See  Jexkv.v. 
I      Jenkins,  Alex.     Hist,  of  Exeter,  Exet.,  1806,  Svo. 


JEN 


JEN 


-     Jenkins,  Capt.  C.     England's  Triumph;  or,  Spanish 
Cowar^lieo  Expos'tl,  1739,  8vo. 

Contains  the  Exploits  of  Hawkins,  Drake.  Sir  Walter 
Raleigh,  Sir  Ricliard  Grenvil,  Capt.  Cavendish's  Voyage, 
Blake,  Wnger.  A'C. 

Jenkins,  Charles,  17S6-1S31,  minister  of  Portland, 
Miiinc,  pub.  several  serms.  and  ?ome  poems,  1830-32. 

Jenkins,  David,  lo86?-lfi67,  one  of  the  judges  for 
South  Wiiles,  distinguished  fur  his  loyalty  to,  and  suffer- 
ings for,  the  cause  of  Charles  I.,  pub.  in  1648,  12mo,  his 
Wurks,  consisting  of  his  vindication,  occasional  tracts,  &c., 
which,  with  some  legal  treatises,  &c.,  were  written  in 
prison.  He  is  best  known  by  his  Ei2;ht  Centuries  of  Re- 
ports Ex.  Ch.  and  in  Error,  4  Hen.  III.-21  Jae.  I,  {1228- 
1623;)  3d  ed.,  Lon.,  1771-77;  his  treatise  Lex  Terra; 
Anglii»,  16i7,  4vo ;  and  his  Pacis  Consulturn,  1057,  Svo. 
See  Athen.  Oxon. ;  Bridginau's  Leg.  Bibl. ;  I\Iarvin's  Leg. 
Bibl.,  and  authorities  there  cited;  Wallace's  Reporters  j 
Disraeli's  Comment  on  the  Life  and  Reign  of  Charles  I. 

Jenkins,  Jeremiah.  Medical  work,  Lon.,  ISIO,  Svo. 

Jenkins,  John,  d.  1823.     Art  of  Writing,  1805. 

Jenkins,  John  S,  1.  Generals  of  the  Last  War 
with  G.  Britain,  Auburn,  N.Y.,  12mo.  2.  Life  of  James 
K.  Polk,  12mo.  3.  Lives  of  the  Governors  of  the  State  of 
New  York,  8vo.  4.  Lives  of  Patriots  and  Heroes  of  the 
American  Revolution,  18mo.  5.  Political  Hist,  of  New 
York,  8vo.  6.  New  Clerk's  Assistant ;  la.st  ed.,  1855,  Svo. 
7.  Life  of  Silas  Wright.  8.  Hist,  of  the  Mexican  War, 
]2uio.  9.  The  Heroines  of  History,  1S53,  12mo.  10.  Life 
of  Andrew  Jackson  ;  new  ed.,  1855,  12mu.  11.  Pacific  and 
Dead  Sea  Expeditions. 

Jenkins,  Joseph,  a  Baptist  minister,  pub.  several 
serms.  and  theolog.  treatises,  1775-1805. 

Jenkins,  Sir  Leoline,  1623-1685,  a  distinguished 
statesman  and  civilian,  Judge  of  the  Admiralty  Court,  &c., 
filled  several  important  stations  with  great  credit.  His 
Letters  and  Papers,  Argument  on  the  Admiralty  Juris- 
diction, &c.,  with  his  life,  were  pub.  by  Wynne,  in  1724, 
2  vols.  fol.     This  is  a  most  valuable  work. 

'■T  wish  Mr.  Hull  to  publish  in  his  Law  Journal  [see  Hall,  John 
E..  ante]  Sir  Looline  Jenkins's  Argument  on  the  Admiralty  .Tmis- 
diction.  and,  indeed,  all  his  legal  upinions  and  di^siM-tatiuiis  at  large. 
They  are  full  uf  instruction,  and  particularly  uselul  iu  Prize  Law. 
...  I  would  give  fifty  dollars  for  a  copy  of  Sir  Leuline's  works." 
— Jiuige  Joseph  Stnrij  to  Mr.  ^y'l^!iams,  July,  1813 ;  Story's  Life  and 
Cm-resp.,  i.  227,  22S;  and  see  p.  268. 

See  also  Red.  Mar.  Com.,  431 ;  Wheaton's  Hist.  Laws  of 
Nations,  103;  Wynne's  Life  of  Jenkins;  Biog.  Brit. 

Jenkins,  Robert  C.     The  Liturgy,  Camb.,  12mo. 

Jenkins,  Samuel.     A  Machine;  IMiil.  Trans.,  1740. 

Jenkins,  T.     Benotiees,  Westm..  17-J6,  8vo. 

Jenkins,  Major  T,  A.  The  Lady  and  her  Horse, 
Madras,  1858. 

Jenkins,  Thomas.     Trials,  1806,  '08,  '10. 

Jenkins,  Warren.  Ohio  Gazetteer  and  Traveller's 
Guide.  Columbus,  1837,  12mo  ;  1839,  12mo. 

■'As  far  as  we  are  able  to  furm  a  judgment  of  its  merits,  this 
seems  to  be  an  extremely  well  composed  and  valuable  manual." — 
N.  Amer.  Jfev.,  Jau.  1^40. 

Jenkins,  VVm,     Serm.,  Lon.,  1652,  4to. 

Jenkins,  VVm.     Farewell  Serms.,  1661!,  4to. 

Jenkinson,  Anthony,  travelled  1557-61,  in  Russia, 
Eokharu,  and  Per.-ia,  and  his  adventures  were  pub.  by 
Hakluyt  and  Purchas,  q.  v.     See  Hallam's  Lit,  Hist. 

Jenkinson,  Charles,  Earl  of  I^iverpool,  1727- 
ISOS,  an  eminent  statesman.  1.  National  and  Constitu- 
tional Foree  in  England,  1756.  2.  Life  of  Simon,  Lord 
Irnham,  Lon.,  1766,  Svo.  3.  Treaties  between  G.  Brit, 
and  other  Powers,  1648-1783,  3  vols.  Svo,  1785.  4.  Dis- 
course on  the  Conduct  of  G.  Brit,  in  respect  to  Neutral 
Nations,  17S5,  3  vols.  Svo;  1801,  Svo.  This  important 
work — which  it  is  said  was  trans,  into  all  the  languages  of 
Europe — should  be  in  the  library  of  every  legal,  political, 
and  historical  student.  5.  Treat,  on  the  Coins  of  the 
Realm,  Oxf.,  1805,  4to ;  Lon.,  1806,  4to.  See  Brydges's 
ColUns's  Peerage. 

Jenkinson,  Daniel.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1613,  Svo. 

Jenkinson,  Uev.  J.  S.,  Viear  of  Battcrsea.  Mar- 
riage with  a  Wife's  Sister  not  Forbidden  by  the  Word  of 
God:  in  answer  to  Rev.  John  Keblc,  Lon.,  1849,  Svo. 

Jenkinson,  James.     British  Plants,  1775,  Svo. 

Jenkinson,  John  Banks,  D.D.,  1781-1840;  Dean 
of  Worcester,  1817;  Bishop  of  St.  David's  and  Preb.  of 
Durham,  1825  ;  Dean  of  Durham,  1827.  Serm.,  Prov.  xsii. 
6,  Lon..  1S28,  Svo.     See  Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  Sept.  1840,  321. 

Jenkinson,  Richard.     Serm.,  Exon.,  1715,  Svo. 

Jenks,  Benjamin,  1646-1724,  Curate  of  Harley  and 
Keuley,  Shropshire,  pub.  several  serms.  and  some  theolog. 
treatises,  of  which  the  best-known  are — 1.  Prayers  and 


Devotions,  Lon.,  1697,  Svo;  30  to  40  edits.  By  Rev.  Cbas. 
Simeon,  ISIO,  Svo.  Several  times  reprinted  ;  last  ed.,  1843, 
12mo.  There  is  also  an  ed.  by  Barnes,  12ino,  and  an 
Abridgt.,  12mo. 

"In  the  true  spirit  of  evangelical  devotion." — Bicl'erstetk's  C  S. 

2.  Submission  to  the  Righteousness  of  God,  1700,  Svo; 
4th  ed.,  1755,  12mo.  3.  Meditations,  1701,  Svo;  2d  ed., 
1757.  2  vols.  Svo. 

"  Devotional  and  evangplical." — Biclerafcih^s  C.  S. 

"  Jenks's  Devotions,  Meditations,  and  Submission  to  the  Righteons- 
nes8  of  God,  are  the  productions  of  a  devout  and  well-informed 
mind;  a  miniPter  who  had  but  little  success  in  his  lifetime,  but 
whose  labours  proved  the  seed  of  a  future  liarvest." —  WdUnms^s  C.P. 

Jenks,  Jacquetta  Agneta  Mariana,  of  Bclgrovo 
Priory,  in  Wales.  Azemin  ;  a  Descriptive  and  Sentimental 
Novel:  interspersed  with  Poetry,  Lon.,  1797,  2  v<ds.  12mo. 

"  An  entertaining  compound  of  ^ood  taste  and  good  writing,  just 
satire  and  whimsical  fancy.  .  .  .  We  beg  pardon  of  Miss  .Tacquctta 
— what  are  the  rest  of  her  hard  names? — but  we  believe  that  no 
more  of  the  feminine  gender  belongs  to  her  than  to  her  Right  lion. 
cousin  Lady  Harriet  Marlow.  .  .  .  See  Review,  N.  S.,  vol.  xx.  p.  477." 
—Lon,  Month.  Rev.,  24th  Sept.  to  Dec.  1797,  p.  33S,  q.  v. 

Jenks,  James.     Cookery,  Lon.,  1768,  12mo. 

Jenks,  Joseph  WiUiam,  Inte  Prof,  of  Languages  in 
the  Urbanna  University,  Ohio.  The  Rural  Poetry  of  the 
English  Language,  Cleveland,  Boston,  and  N.York,  1856, 
r.  Svo.  This  is  a  valuable  book,  and  worthy  of  a  wide 
circul.TtioD,     See  Putnam's  Mag..  Dec.  1856. 

Jenks,  R.  W.  The  Brachial  Telegraph,  N.  York, 
1S52.  Svo. 

Jenks,  Richard.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1707,  Svo. 

Jenks,  S,  Two  Serms.  in  Catholick  Serms,,  (Lon., 
1741.  2  vols.  Svo,)  vol',  ii.  :U5.  345. 

Jenks,  William,  D.D.,  Pastor  of  Green  St.  Church, 
Boston.  1.  The  Comj-rehcnsive  Commentary  of  the  Holy 
Bible,  Brattleboro',  1834,  5  vols.  r.  Svo;  siipp.,  1  vul.  r. 
Svo.  Now  pub.  by  Messrs.  J.  B.  Lippincott  &  Co.,  Phila- 
delphia. We  have  already  noticed  this  e.xcellent  work  in 
our  article  on  Richaud  Arn.vld,  p.  69.  Several  years 
have  elapsed  since  we  penned  tliat  commendation,  but  the 
Comprehensive  Commentary  still  stands  without  a  rival 
for  the  purpose  for  which  it  is  intended.  Since  writing  the 
above,  we  were  pleased  to  find  the  following  weighty  en- 
dorsement of  our  eulogy: 

"This  compilation  exhibits  a  combination  of  all  that  is  valuable 
iu  the  deservedly-esteemed  conimentJiries  of  Henry  and  Scott  oa 
the  entire  Bilile,  and  of  Doddridge  on  the  New  Te^tami^nt.  The 
notes  are  compiled  from  the  various  critics  enumerated  on  the  titlo- 
page;  and.  iu  general,  the  selection  is  made  with  judgment." — 
Harn.'s  BUd.  Bib. 

We  must  object,  however,  to  the  phrase  "all  that  is  va- 
luable," &c.  What  is  there  iu  Henry,  Scott,  or  Doddridge, 
entirely  without  value?  AmongDr.  J. *s  other  publications  is, 
2.  Explau.  Bible  Atlas  and  Scripture  Gazetteer,  1849,  4to. 

Jeukyn,  Thomas  W,,  formerly  President  of  Coward 
College,  London.  1.  The  Extent  of  the  Atonement;  3d 
ed.,  Lon.,  1842,  p.  Svo.  New  ed.,  revised  and  enlarged  by 
the  author  exclusively  for  the  American  publishers,  Gould 
A  Lincoln,  Bost.,  1859. 

"  Posterity  will  thank  the  author  till  the  latest  agea  for  his  illus- 
trious arguments." — A'.  I'ork  Evnvr/flist. 

2.  The  Union  of  the  Holy  Spirit  and  the  Church  in  the 
Conversion  of  the  World;  2d  ed.,  1812,  fp.  Svo. 

'■A  very  excellent  work  upon  a  very  important  subject." — Lon. 
Evantjd.  Mag. 

Jenkyu,  William,  1612-1662,  Lecturer  of  St.  Ann's, 
Blackfriars,  Ac,  committed  to  Newgate  under  the  Conven- 
ticle Act,  and  died  there,  pub.  several  serms.  and  theolog. 
treatises,  and  the  following  excellent  work,  still  in  request: 
Expos,  of  the  Epistleof  St.  Jude,  Lon.,  1652-54,  2  Pts.  Ito. 
New  ed.,  by  Rev.  James  Sherman,  with  Memoir  of  the 
Author,  lS;i9,  imp.  Svo.  AUo  in  same  vol.  with  Manton'a 
Expos,  of  the  Epist.  of  St.  James,  1840,  imp.  Svo.  New 
ed.  of  Jenkyn's  Expos.,  1849,  r.  Svo. 

"  A  sententious  and  elegant  preacher.'" — Richard  B.^ster. 

"This  exposition  is  the  most  considerable  of  his  wurks.  and  ex- 
hibits his  piety,  diligence,  and  learning." — .James  Shehmax. 

"Though  published  nearly  at  the  same  time,  and  with  similar 
views,  he  and  Dr.  Manton  are  both  useful." — Biclcersteth's  C.  S. 
See  Calamy  ;  Granger's  Biog.  Hist,  of  Eng. 

Jennens,  Charles,  d.  1773,  called  "  Solyman  the 
Magnificent,"  from  the  splendour  in  which  he  lived,  at- 
terapted  an  edition  of  Shakspeare,  which  elicited  more  ri- 
dieulo  than  compliments.  Hamlet  was  pub.  in  1772 ; 
Othello  in  1773  ;  and  Julius  Ca?sar  in  1774. 

Jenner,  Charles,  D.D.,  Preb,  of  Lincoln.  Qualifi- 
cations f<ir  the  Ministry,  Lon.,  1753,  4to. 

Jenner,  Charles,  1737-1774,  Vicar  of  Clnybrook, 
pub.  several  novels,  poems,  (fee,  1766-74,  *fec.    See  Nichols's 
Leicestershire;   Bibl.  Top.  Brit.,  No.  51. 
Jenner,  David,  Preb.  of  Sarum.  1676,  pub.  two  Serms., 

963 


JEN 

Ac,  1676-83,  and  a  work  on  the  Prerogative  of  Primogenx- 
turt'  to  the  Succession  to  the  English  Crown,  16S5.  8vo. 

Jeuuer,  Edward,  M.D..  1749-1S23,  the  discoverer 
of  viicciuation,  was  a  native  of  Berkeley,  Gloucestershire; 
^e:^i^led  as  a  pupil  with  John  Hunter  in  London,  from  1770 
to  1772,  and  afterwards  practised  at  his  native  place  with 
great  success.  His  celebrated  discovery  was  publicly  an- 
nuunced  in  June,  1798,  but  he  had  been  engaged  upon  a 
series  of  preparatory  experiments  upon  the  subject  since 
1780.  He  pub.  several  treatises  on  the  Variolic  Vaccina, 
179S-18U1,  and  contributed  to  Phil.  Trans.  Med.  and  Chir., 
&v.,  1788-1809.  See  Dr.  John  Baron's  Life  and  Corresp. 
of  Dr.  Jenner,  Lon.,  1827,  '38,  2  vols.  8vo ;  Lives  of  Brit. 
Physicians.  1830,  12mo;  new  ed.,  1857,  18mo. 
"  A  L-:ghly-interesting  work."— E<i ward  EveretCs  Oratiom,  do. 
"  We  wish,  for  the  sake  of  the  public,  there  were  more  such  bio- 
graphies." — Z<w.  Tiiiu-s. 

Jenuer,  Rev.  G.  C  Report  and  Evidence  before  the 
Com.  of  H.  ijf  C.  rel.  to  Jenner's  Discovery,  Lon.,  1805,  Svo. 

Jenner,  Henry.     Vaccine  Inoculation,  ISOO,  4to. 

Jenner,  S,     Discourse,  Lon.,  1682,  4to. 

Jenner,  Thomas.     England's  Fishery,  1651,  4to. 

Jenner,  Thomas.     Theolog.  treatises,  1650,  '70. 

Jenner,  Thomas,  D.D.,  President  of  Magdalene 
College.     On  Charity.  &,c.,  Oxon.,  1753,  Svo. 

Jenner,  W.,  M.D.  On  Typhoid  and  Typhus  Fevers, 
Lon.,  1850,  Svo  ;  Phila.,  1857,  Svo.  Other  profess,  treatises. 

Jenney,  George.     Catholick  Conference,  1626. 

Jennings  and  Heckford.  Costs  on  Taxation;  3d 
ed.,  with  Append.,  L^n.,  1840,  12mo. 

Jennings,  David,  D.D.,  1691-1762,  an  eminent  Dis- 
senter, a  native  of  Kibworth,  Leicestershire,  divinity  tutor 
at  Coward's  Academy,  1744;  pastor  of  a  congregation  in 
Old  Gravel  Lane,  Wapping,  1744-62.  His  principal  works 
are — 1.  Serms.  to  Youug  Persons,  1743,  12mo.     Many  eds. 

"Methodical,  plain,  and  serious;  some  pretty  striking  turns  of 
thought;  his  strain  very  evangelical :  he  is,  upon  the  whole,  the 
Flavel  of  the  present  age,  only  much  more  polite." — Db.  Doddridge. 

2.  Introduc.  to  the  Use  of  the  Globes  and  the  Orrery, 
1747  ;  1752,  8vo.  Many  eds.  This  work  maintained  its  po- 
pularity for  mure  than  fifty  years.  3.  The  Scripture  Testi- 
mony, 1755,  12mo.  New  ed.,  by  B.  Cracknell,  1815,  12mo. 
4.  Introduc.  to  the  Knowledge  of  Medals,  1763,  Svo;  posth. 
Again,  1775,  Svo.  Full  of  blunders.  5.  Jewish  Antiqui- 
ties ;  or,  a  Course  of  Lects.  on  the  three  first  Books  of 
Godwin's  Moses  and  Aaron,  1766,  2  vols.  Svo;  posth.,  pub. 
by  Dr.  Furneaux,  1808,  Svo.  Often  reprinted  in  1  vol.  8vo, 
and  in  2  vols.  Svo;  9th  ed..  1837,  Svo.     Again,  1839,  Svo. 

"Dr. Jennings  is  a  very  judicious  commentator.  .  .  .  They  are 
much  fuller,of  course,  than  Godwyn,  and  occasionally  differ  a  little 
from  him.  Some  of  the  notes  of  Hottinger  aud  Witsius  are  given 
by  the  editor.'' — Orme's  Bill.  Bib. 

'•  This  work  has  long  held  a  distinguished  character  for  its  accu- 
racy and  learning." — Home's  Bibl.  Bib. 

"The  Treatises  of  Mr.  Lowman  on  the  Ritual,  (Svo,  1748.)  and  on 
the  CivU  Gfjirrnment  of  the  Hebrew.^,  (Svo,  1740,J  may  pruperly  ac- 
company this  work." — Bisbop  Watson. 

"  These  Lectures  are  drawn  up  with  great  accuracy  and  judgment. 
They  illustrate  many  passages  of  Holy  Scripture." —  iVtUiam^'s  C.  P. 

"  A  valuable  treatise  on  the  subject." — BicLersttth's  C.  .S'. 

See  Rees's  Cyc.;  Orton's  Life  of  Doddridge,  pp.  16,  243; 
Kippis's  do.,  p.  16  ;  Prot,  Dis.  Mag.,  vol.  v. ;  Godwin,  Tho- 
mas, in  this  Dictionary. 

Jennings,  Heniy  Constantine,  1731-1819,  a  noted 
collector  uf  curiosities,  pub.  several  works  on  theology, 
education,  &c.,  1798.  &q.,  and  a  trans,  into  English  blank 
Terse  of  the  5th  Canto  of  Dante's  Inferno. 

Jennings,  J.     Elise  ;  a  Romance,  Lon.,  1665. 
Jennings,  James.     Poems,  1794-1814. 
Jennings,  James.    Dialects  in  the  West  of  England, 
particularly  Somersetshire,  Lon.,  1825, 12mo.  Other  works. 
Jennings,  John.     Serms.,  1701-21. 
Jennings,  John.     Odes,  1754,  '61,  '67. 
Jennings,  John,  teacher  uf  an  academy  at  Kibworth, 
brother  to  David  Jennings,  ((tntc,)  and  tutor  to  Dr.  Dod- 
dridge.    Two  Discourses  on  Preaching,  Lon..  1754,  12mo. 
These  (abridged)  form  one  of  the  treatises  in  Williams's 
Chri.^tian  Preacher. 

•■  Ji  uiiiiig8's  Discimraes  deserve  the  serious  attention  of  everj' 
minister.' — Dr.  Outon:  Life  of  Dr.  Drxidriilge. 

Jennings,  Nathaniel.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1782,  Svo. 

Jennings,  Richard.  1.  Natural  Elements  of  Politi- 
cal Economy,  Lon.,  1855,  p.  Svo.  2.  Social  Delusions  con- 
cerning Wealth  and  AVant,  1856.  This  may  be  considered 
a  sequel  to  No.  1. 

"  The  writer  has  eWdently  thought  out  his  opinions, — hia  plot  of  a 
possible  Utopia." — Lon.  Athenaeum,  18J>6,  898. 

Also  commended  by  the  Weekly  Dispatch,  John  Bull, 
Builder,  and  Bath  Express. 

"  It  is  written  in  a  foolish  and  arrogant  strain  of  abuse  against 
Bcieutiflc  writers  aud  existing  statesmen.  .  .  .  The  eminent  writers 


JEN 

'yhom  hp  attacks  may  feel  easy  under  his  abuse." — Wesftminster 
Bev..  July.  1856. 
Jennings,    Sarah,  Duchess  of  3Iarlborough* 

See  M.\RLBoaouGH. 

Jennings,  \Vm.  System  of  Attack  and  Defence,  Ac, 
Lon..  1804. 

Jenuyngs,  Radulphus.  Lectiones  Variantes  adX. 
Scriptures  Anglice,  Lon..  1652,  fol. 

Jennyns,  Joseph  C.  Conduct  of  the  Dutch  Com- 
mi-ssioners,  1810. 

Jeuour,  Alfred,  Rector  of  Kittisford,  Somerset.  1. 
Trans,  of  Isaiah,  with  Crit.  and  E.\plan.  Notes  and  Prac. 
Remarks,  Lon.,  1830,  2  vols.  Svo;  1831,  2  vols.  Svo;  1S39, 
2  vols.  Svo. 

"This  is  confessedly  the  best  translation  of  IsaiaJi  extant  in  the 
English  language." — flm-ne^s  Bibl.  Bib.,  q.  v. 

"  What  constitutes  the  most  valuable  part  of  the  work  are  the 
explanatory  and  practical  remarks  with  which  each  section  is  ac- 
companied."— Lon.  Congveg.  Mag..  June,  1831, 

'•  Kxcollently  translated,  and  accompanied  \vith  a  judicious  and 
instructive  commentary." — Eclec.  Kev..  Nov.  1831. 

Jenour  is  an  advocate  for  the  double  sense  of  prophecy. 
2.  Treat,  on  Languages,  1832,  12uio.  3.  Brief  Memoir 
of  Annie  Jenour,  1840,  12mo.  4.  Trans,  of  Job,  with 
Notes,  1841,  Svo.  5.  Hints  on  Preaching:  being  a  trans, 
of  Fenelon's  Dialogues  on  Eloquence,  with  an  Essay;  2d 
ed.,  1849,  12mo. 

'■This  is  the  remark  of  the  pious  Fenelon,  Archbishop  of  Cam- 
bray,  in  his  incomparable  Dialogues  on  Eloquence,  which  may  God 
put  it  into  the  hearts  of  our  preachers  often  and  attentively  to  read." 
— Doddridge^ s  Expositor,  §  173. 

fi.  Rationale  Apocalypticum  ;  or,  A  Systematic  Expos, 
of  the  Apocalypse,  with  Histor.  Proofs  and  Illust.,  and  three 
Appendices,  1852,  2  vols.  Svo. 

'*  .Mr.  Jenour's  work  is  distinguished  by  great  sobriety  and  good 
sense,  and  its  only  serious  fault  is  its  diflusiveness.  And  yet  there 
is  that  in  this  writer's  remarks  on  his  text  which  clearly  indicates 
a  familiar  acquaintance  with  the  whole  volume  of  Scripture,  and  a 
mind  prepared  to  turn  every  portion  of  the  inspired  book  on  which 
he  comments  to  pious  and  profitable  uses." — Lon.  Clerical  Journoi, 
Aug.  22. 

Jenour,  Capt.  Matthew,  R.N.   The  Route  to  India, 
through  France.  Germany,  Hungary,  &c.,  Lon.,  1791,  4to. 
Jenty,  Charles   N.,  M.D.      Medical    works,  Lon., 
1757-67. 

Jenynges,  £dward.  1.  Trans,  into  English  Meeter 
of  The  notable  Hystury  of  two  faithfull  Loners  named  Al- 
phagus  and  Archelaus,  Lon.,  1574,  4Lo.  2.  A  Brief  Dis- 
couery  of  the  Damages  that  happen  to  this  Realme  by 
disordered  and  unlawfull  diet,  1593,  4to. 

Jenyns,  Rev.  Leonard.  1.  Manual  of  British  Ver- 
tebrate Animals,  Lun.,  Svo. 

"  This  work  contains  accurate  descriptions  and  measurements  of 
all  the  Animals  belonging  to  the  classes  Mamnuilia,  Aves,  Btplilia, 
AvxphUda,  and  Pisces,  which  are  to  be  met  \vith  in  the  British 
Islands." 

2.  Observations  on  Natural  History,  with  a  Calendar  of 
Periodic  Phenomena. 

"The  author's  remarks  on  the  'habit  of  observing'  may  be  stu- 
died with  profit  by  every  young  naturalist,  as  may  also  tbe  style  in 
which  tbe  observations  are  recorded.  At  the  same  time  scieutific 
and  popular,  the  work  cannot  fail  to  please  even  the  most  careless 
geu'-ral  reader.  Every  page  teems  with  interesting  notes  on  the 
habits  and  mannersof  quadrupeds, birds,  fishes,  iusects.  Ac;  many 
we  would  gladly  quote,  but  must  content  ourselves  with  advising 
our  readers  to  purchase  the  book  itself  promising  them  a  rich  treat 
from  the  perusal." — WeMrttinster  Review,  October,  1846. 
See  Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  1817,  367-369. 
Jenyns,  Soame,  M.P.,  1703-04-1787,  the  son  of  Sir 
Roger  Jenyns.  and  educated  at  St.  John's  College,  Cam- 
bridge, was  noted  as  a  politician,  an  essayist,  an  infidel, 
and  subsequently  as  a  champion  of  Christianity.  He  was 
for  nearly  forty  years  Member  of  Parliament,  for  twenty-five 
years  a  Commissionerof  the  Board  of  Trade,  and  for  a  longer 
term  than  either  of  these  a  noted  wit  and  conversationist. 
The  following  is  a  list  of  his  works :  1.  Art  of  Dancing,  a 
Poem,  1730.  Anon.  2.  Epistle  to  Lord  Lovelace,  1735. 
3.  Poems,  1752  ;  and  with  the  Origin  of  Evil,  1761,  2  vols. 
12mo.  See  No.  4.  These  poems  originally  appeared  in 
Dodsley's  Collection.  They  were  added  to  the  2d  and  3d 
edits,  of  Dr.  Johnson's  English  Poets.  4.  Free  Inquiry 
into  the  Nature  and  Origin  of  Evil,  1757.  With  his  Poems, 
1761,  2  vols.  12mo.  Ridiculed  by  Dr.  Johnson  in  the 
Literary  Gazette.: 

"Johnson's  most  exquisite  critical  essay  in  the  Literary  Maga- 
zine, and  indeed  anywhere,  is  his  review  of  Soame  Jenyns's  Inquiry 
into  the  Origiu  of  Kvil." — BoswdVs  Life  of  Johnson,  q.  v. 

And  see  The  Idler,  No.  89,  Dec.  29,  1759.  The  Review 
was  so  much  liked  that  Johnson  republished  it  in  a  pamph- 
let. It  has  been  styled  on  high  authority  the  best  of  his 
writings:  but  who  shall  decide  questions  of  this  nature? 
A  review  of  the  Origin  of  Evil,  and  other  works  of  its 
author,  will  be  found  in  Green's  Diary  of  a  Lover  of  Lite- 
rature.    Of  the  first-named.  Green  remarks: 


JEN 


JER 


"Kxtremcly  ini^eninns  and  wretchedly  unsatisfactory.  .  .  .  With 
all  its  ]t;irii'iM.\R;d  ingenuity,  there  apjiear  to  me  only  two  truly 
ori^^inal  tli..'ii;_Mit»  in  this  work." — Ipstinck,  ISlli,  p.  o2. 

5.  TboLij;hts,  &c.  ou  the  Present  High  Price  of  Provi- 
sions, 1767. 

"  A  very  flimsy  publication." — McCuUoch's  Lit.  of  Polit.  Econ., 
lS4o.  193,'^.  r. 

6.  Misoelhinies,  1770,  8vo.  7.  View  of  the  Internal 
Evidence  of  the  Christian  Ileligion,  1776,  12mo  ;  10th  ed., 
1798,  S\o,  and  since.  The  last  ed.  is  included  in  the  vol. 
entitled  Christian  Evidences,  puh.  by  H.  G.  Bohn,  and 
edited  by  Rev.  J.  S.  Memes,  LL.D..  1S49,  r.  Svo.  (This 
valuable  buok  should  be  in  every  library.)  The  examina- 
tion of  the  Holy  Scriptures  dissipated  Jenyns's  infidelity, 
and  his  anxiety  to  save  others  from  skepticism  produced 
this  and  other  theological  essays.  Jenyns's  View  excited 
much  controversy,  and  was  attacked  by  several  of  the 
clergy,  who  disapproved  of  some  of  its  sentiments.  Even 
the  sincerity  of  the  author  was  called  in  question,  and  he 
was  charged  with  intending  to  injure  Christianity,  which 
he  pretended  to  defend.  But  we  have  good  evidence  of 
Jenyns's  honesty,  and  nlso  of  his  piety.  We  quote  some 
commendations  of  his  View: 

"  A  work  of  very  considerable  shrewdness  and  ingenuity,  in 
which  many  striking  views  of  Christianity  are  adduced  in  support 
of  its  heavenly  origin." — Orme's  Bibl.  Bib. 

"  I  confess  myself  to  have  been  powerfully  impressed  by  Mr. 
Jenyns's  leading  argtmieats  in  defence  of  Christianity."— Grec/i'a 
Diai-i/,  Jtbi  supra. 

"The  work,  brief  and  unpresuming  enough,  nevertheless  did  re- 
ligion more  good  service  tbau  many  of  much  higher  pretensions. 
The  argument  was  of  a  popular  kind :  it  derived  force,  too.  as 
coming  from  one  who  was  a  layman  and  a  wit." — Lon.  Quar.  Iiev. 
•'  The  force  of -the  argument  addressed  to  the  feelings  of  ingenious 
thinkers,  and  adapted  to  the  reach  of  every  understanding,  is 
greater  than  mere  scholars  are  willing  to  allow,  and  was  never  re- 
presented to  so  much  advantage  as  in  the  beautiful  little  Treatise 
entitl'd  A  View  of  the  Internal  Evidence  of  Christianity." — Mr. 
M-UNWAEING,  of- Cavibridge :  dissertation. 

We  next  quote  some  opinions  more  qualified  in  their 
tone : 

"  The  book  is  very  ingenious :  perhaps  he  brings  rather  too  much 
ingenuity  into  his  religion.  I  know,  however,  an  instance  in  which 
this  little  work  has  converted  a  philosophical  infidel,  who  liad  pre- 
viously read  all  that  bad  been  written  on  the  subject  without 
effect." — Hannad  More. 

What  deplorable  carelessness  of  expression  is  here!  So 
far  from  this  "philosophical" gentleman's  having  read  "all 
that  had  been  written  on  the  subject,"  we  will  venture  to 
say  that  he  had  never  either  read  or  heard  of  the  one-tenth 
part  that  had  been  written  on  the  subject.  Nothing  is 
more  common  than  the  observation,  "  This  is  the  only  book 
on  the  subject,"  or,  "  This  is  the  best  book  on  the  subject." 
The  first  assertion  may  bo  said  to  be  never  true;  and  if  the 
last  is  ever  correct,  say  one  in  ten  thousand  instances, 
how  is  it  to  be  proved?  Let  us  avoid  such  childi&h  extra- 
vagance of  assertion.  A  man  of  true  learning  is  rarely 
guilty  of  so  great  a  fault. 

"Dr. Mayo  having  asked  Johnson's  opinion  of  Soame  Jenyns's 
View  of  the  Internal  Evidence  of  the  Christian  Heligion, — JonNso-V : 
'1  think  it  a  pretty  book;  not  vei'y  theological,  indeed;  and  there 
eeems  to  be  an  atTectation  of  ease  and  carelessness,  a.s  if  it  were  not 
suitable  to  his  character  to  be  very  serious  about  the  matter.' " — 
BosweWs  Life  of  Johnson. 

"  As  a  whole,  it  is  admitted  to  be  the  best  treatise,  in  its  particular 
range,  yet  given  to  the  world,  but  in  some  respects,  differing  accord- 
ing to  the  source  whence  the  censure  comes,  the  disapproval  of 
its  individual  doctrines  and  reasonings  is  almost  as  universal." — 
Dr.  Memes:  Christian  Evidences. 

A  list  of  the  principal  pamphlets  elicited  by  Jenyns's 
View  will  be  found  in  Chalmers's  Biog.  Diet.,  xviii.  520,  n. 
8.  Disquisitions  on  Several  Subjects,  1782,  Svo.  See  a  review 
of  this  vol.  in  Green's  Diary  of  a  Lover  of  Lit.,  Ipswich, 
1810,  226-227,  and  another  in  the  London  Retrospective 
Rev.,  Lon.,  1820,  ii.  291-304. 

"  We  venture  to  assert  that  there  are  few  books  in  the  language 
of  the  same  size  [pp.  182]  as  the  little  volume  before  us  containing 
more  acute  and  ingenious  reasoning,  abounding  in  more  lively  illus- 
tration or  more  elegant  and  polished  composition." — Retrosp.  Rcv~, 
uhi  supra. 

9.  The  Works  of  Soame  Jenyns,  1790,  4  vols.  Svo;  1793, 
4  vols.  Svo.  Includes  Pieces  nev^r  before  published,  and 
biography  of  the  author  by  Charles  Nelson  Cole.  See 
Green's  Diary  of  a  Lover  of  Lit,  Ipswich,  1810.  222-226; 
Orme's  Bibl.  Bib.  10.  Tracts  on  the  Holy  Trinity,  the 
Creeds,  &c.  Ac.,  1814,  Svo.  Jenyns  also  wrote  some  poli- 
tical essays.  He  perpetrated  a  satirical  epitaph  upon  Dr. 
John.son — shortly  after  the  death  of  the  latter — in  which 
Boswell  was  remembered  : 

^'BnswcU  and  Thrale.  retailers  of  his  wit. 
Will  tell  you  how  he  wrote,  and  talk'd.  and  cough'd,  and  spit." 

For  this  offence  Boswell  took  terrible  vengeance  in  an 
Epitaph  on  Jenyns.  See  Croker's  Boswell's  Johnson,  Lon., 
1S4S,  p.  106.  See  also  pp.  68.  392,  509,  590,  593;  Life  by 
Cole,  prefixed  to  Jenyns's  Works. 


"  Tlis  Poetry  does  not  rise  above  mediocrity :  indeed,  it  scarcely 
deserA'es  the  name :  but  the  style  of  his  prose  is  smooth  and  lucid, 
his  turns  of  thought  are  neat  and  unexpected;  and  when  he  sporta 
in  irony,  in  which  he  apparently  delights  to  indulge,  he  is  uncom- 
monly playful  and  airy.  .  .  .  Jenyns  has  evidently  a  predilection 
for  paradoxical  opinions:  and  why,  he  might  reasonably  urge  in  his 
defence,  should  a  man  address  the  Public,  who  has  nothine;  new  to 
offer  to  it?'" — Green's  Diary  of  a  Lover  of  Lit.,  Ipswich,  1810,  225. 
As  a  political  writer,  Jenyns  was  the  champion  of  prin- 
ciples which  are  now  very  generally  disowned  by  English- 
men. He  defended  both  the  right  and  the  expediency  of 
taxing  the  American  Colonies,  (see  his  tract  on  American 
Taxation,)  and  in  his  reflections  on  Parliamentary  Reform 
he  ridicules  the  idea  of  an  independent  Parliament.  Pro- 
fessor Smyth,  in  speaking  of  the  unavoidable  influence  of 
party  predilections  and  the  necessity  of  party  co-operation, 
remarks : 

"  Read  the  works  of  Soame  Jenyns  and  of  Locke.  Would  not 
both  of  these  men,  for  instance,  wliile  they  retained  their  integrity, 
have  been  seen  always  on  the  opposite  sides  of  any  question  that 
could  affect  the  constitution  and  government  of  a  free  country?"— 
Lects.  on  Mod.  Hist.,  Lect.  24. 

Cumberland,  in  his  Memoirs,  gives  us  a  graphic  picture 
of  Soame  Jenyns,  which  is  declared  by  Lord  Jeffrey  to  be 
excellent,  and  a  portion  of  which  we  had  intended  to  quote  ; 
but,  as  our  article  has  now  grown  to  a  length  which  forbids 
this,  we  must  refer  the  reader  to  tlie  Memoirs,  or  to   Lord 
Jeffrey's  review  of  that  work  in  Edin.  Rev.  for  April.  ISitfi, 
and  in  his  Contrib.  to  the  Edin.  Rev.,  Lon.,  1853,  911-917. 
Jephson,  Alexander.     Semis..  1669.  1705,  '15. 
Jephson,  Alexander.     Serms.,  &c.,  1731-65. 
Jephson,  John.     Serms.,  edited  by  Bishop  William 
Bisset,  Lon.,  1826,  Svo. 

'•  They  will  be  found  to  possess  no  ordinary  merit,  as  apt  illustra- 
tions of  received  doctrines,  and  as  animated  exhortations  to  the 
discharge  of  practical  duties." — Bishop  Bisset. 

Jephson,  Robert,  1736-1803,  a  native  of  Ireland,  a 
Captain  in  the  army,  and  a  member  of  the  Irish  House  of 
Commons,  pub.  a  number  of  dramatic  pieces,  of  which  the 
tragedies  of  Braganza,  1775,  Svo,  and  the  Count  of  Nar- 
bonne,  1781,  Svo,  were  the  most  popular.  He  also  pub.  a 
collection  of  poems  called  Roman  Portraits,  1797,  4to. 
The  illustrative  notes  in  this  vol.  are  from  the  pen  of  Mr. 
Malone.  See  Malone's  Life  of  W.  Gerard  Hamilton; 
Biog.  Dramat.;  Horace  Walpole's  Works  ;  Davies'sLife  of 
Garrick. 

Jerdan,  William,  b.  1782,  for  thirty-fouryears  ( 1 817- 
50)  editor  of  the  Loudon  Literary  Gazette,  is  a  native  of 
Kelso,  Roxburghshire,  Scotland.  Mr.  Jerdan  wrote  the 
Biographical  Memoirs  for  Fisher's  National  Portrait-Gal- 
lery of  Illustrious  and  eminent  Persons,  has  pub.  some 
translations  from  the  French,  Ac,  and  been  connected 
with  several  journals.  An  account  of  his  literary  labours 
will  be  found  in  bis  Autobiography,  Lon.,  1852-53,  4  vols, 
p.  Svo.  See  also  Men  of  the  Time,  Lon.,  1856;  Noctes 
Ambrosianae,  May,  1S28;  Fraser's  Mag.,  i.  605,  with  a 
portrait.  This  portrait  was  the  first  of  the  Gallery  of 
Illustrious  Literary  Characters,  all  drawn  by  Daniel 
Maclise,  now  R.A.:  see  Maginn's  Fraserian  Papers,  by 
Dr.  R.  S.  Mackenzie,  New  York,  1857,  Ixvi.  The  letter- 
press which  accompanied  each  plate  was  nearly  all  written 
by  Maginn. 

Jercmie,  James  Ameriaux,  D.D.,  Sub-dean  and 
Canon  of  Lincoln,  Regius  Prof,  of  Divinity  at  Cambridge, 
and  Rector  of  Somersham,  Huntingdonshire.  1.  Serm., 
Ps.  cxxii.  6,  9.  2.  Hist,  of  the  Christian  Church  in  the 
2d  and  3d  Centuries,  1852,  sm.  Svo.  Originally  pub.  in 
the  Encyc.  Metropol.  3.  Christianity  in  the  Middle  Ages, 
1857,  cr.  Svo.  4.  Serms.,  Doctrinal  and  Practical,  of  Rev. 
William  Archer  Butler,  late  Prof,  of  Moral  Philos.,  Univ. 
of  Dublin.     Second  Series,  Camb.,  1855,  Svo. 

"They  are  marked  by  the  same  originality  and  vigour  of  ex- 
pression, the  same  richness  of  imagery  and  illustration,  the  same 
large  views  and  catholic  spirit,  and  the  same  depth  and  fervour  of 
devotional  feeling,  which  so  remarkably  distinguished  the  pre- 
ceding Series,  and  which  rendered  it  a  most  valuable  accession  to 
our  theological  literature." — From  Dr.Jercmie's  Preface. 

'■We  would  recoDimend  them  to  our  readers,  not  only  for  tbeir 
force  and  subtlety  of  thought,  brilliancy  of  fancy,  and  exuberant 
eloquence  of  words,  but  for  that  spirit  of  love — that  profound  and 
glowing  devotion — by  which  they  are  animated,  and  with  which 
no  one  can  come  into  sympathizing  contact  without  feeling  him- 
self elevated  and  refined." — North  Bi-itiah  Review. 
See  Butler,  William  Archer. 

Jeremy,  George.  Treat,  on  the  Kquity  Jurisdic. 
of  the  High  Ct.  of  Chancery,  Lon.,  1S28,  Svo;  2d  Amer. 
ed.,  1840,  Svo.  See  1  Story  *Eq.  Jur.,  49,  94;  6th  ed.,  1S53; 
15  Amer.  Jur.,  368. 

Jeremy,  Henry.  1.  The  Connection  between  Reli 
gion  and  Learning;  a  Norrissian  Prize  Essay,  ISIO,  Svo. 
2.  Laws  of  Carriers,  Ac,  1S15.  '18,  Svo;  N.'Vork.  1S16, 
Svo.     3.  Analyt.  Digest  of  Reports  C.  Law,  Equity,   Ac, 

965 


JER 

1817,r.Svo.  Do.,  1817-23,  8vo ;  1S25.  Do.,  1824-49,r.  8vo. 
Pub.  annually.  Do.,  1850-55,  by  W.  TiiUl  Pratt,  in  r.  Svo 
vols.     4.  Office  of  Sheriff:  see  Impev,  John,  No.  3. 

Jernieiit,  (ieorge.     Diacourses,  Ac.,  1791-1813. 

Jeiiiiiii,  Michael,  D.D.,  d.  1659,  Kector  of  St. 
Martin's,  London,  1638.  1.  Comment,  on  the  whole  Book 
of  Proverbs,  Lon.,  1638,  fol.  2.  Comment,  on  Ecclesiastes, 
1639,  fol. 

Jernegan,  Charles,  M.D.  Med.  con.  to  Phil.  Trans., 
1745.  ' 

Jeniingham,  Edward,  1727-1812,  gained  some 
popularity  by  a  number  of  poems,  dramas,  essays,  and 
translations,  which  are  now  forgotten.  Among  these  are 
The  Shakspeare  Gallery,  (praised  by  Edmund  Burke:) 
Enthusiasm  ;  Essay  on  the  Eloquence  of  the  Pulpit  in 
England;  The  Siege  of  Benvick.  The  9th  ed.  of  his 
Poems  and  Plays  was  pub.  in  1806,  4  vols.  See  Chal- 
mers's Biog.  Diet.;   Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  vcL  lx.\xiii. 

Jerome,  Rev.  Stephen,  pub.  some  theulog.  treatises, 
Lon.,  1613-19,  and  Ireland's  Ivbilee.  or  loyes  lo  Pa?an; 
for  Prince  Charles  his  Welcome  Home,  &c.,  Dubh,  1624' 
4to.     See  Dibdiu's  Lib.  Comp.,  264.  ' 

Jerram,  Charles,  Rural  Dean  and  Vicar  of  Chob- 
hnm,  Surrey.  Serms.  and  theolog.  treatises,  of  which  the 
best-known  are— 1.  Conversations  on  Infant  Banlism-  2d 
ed.,  1826,  12mo.  ' 

"A  popular  and  satisfactory  discussion  of  the  subject."— iSicJ-cr- 
SteWs  C.  .S". 

2.  Treat,  on  the  Atonement,  Lon.,  1828,  Svo;  1832,  Svo. 
Highly  commended  by  the  Christian  Guardian, theChristiaa 
Observer,  the  Christian  Kemembraucer,  and  the  Evan.  Mag. 

See  Memoirs  and  Letters  of  Mr.  Jerram,  by  his  son! 
1855,  Svo. 

Jerriiigham,  Sir  Wm.  Papers  rel.  to  the  Baronies 
of  Staflonl,  1,S(I7,  4to.  Privately  printed. 
_  Jerrold,  Douglas,  1803-1857,  a  native  of  Sheerness, 
in  Ivent,  alter  being  a  midshipman  in  the  Royal  Navy,  and 
subsequently  a  printer,  had  his  fate  decided  for  author- 
ship by  the  success  of  the  drama  of  Black-Eyed  Susan, 
written  before  ho  was  of  age.  This  piece  was  followed  by 
The  Rent-Day,  Nell  Gwynne,  The  Bubbles  of  the  Day, 
Time  Works  Wonders,  The  Catspaw,  Retired  from  Busi- 
ness, Cupid,  The  Prisoner  of  War,  The  Heart  of  Gold,  &e. 
As  a  contributor  to  Punch,  and  as  editor  of  The  Heads  of 
the  People,  the  Illuminated  Magazine,  the  Shilling  Maga- 
zine, and  Lloyd's  Weekly,  Mr.  Jerrold  has  won  new  lau- 
rels in  another  department  of  authorship.  We  append  an 
alphabetical  list  of  his  productions,  as  pub.  in  vol.  form. 
1.  Bubbles  of  the  Day,  a  Comedy;  2d  ed.,  1845,  Svo.  2. 
Cakes  and  Ale,  1842,  2  vols.  fp.  Svo;  1852,  bein"-  vol.  iv.  of 
his  Collected  AVorks.  3.  Chronicles  of  Clovernook,  1846, 
fp.  Svo;  1853,  in  vol.  vi.  of  Collected  AVorks.  4.  Comedies 
and  Dramas,  1854,  12mo.  6.  Heart  of  Gold;  a  Dram.a, 
1854,  12mo.  6.  Man  made  of  Money,  1849,  p.  Svo:  1853, 
in  vol.  vi.  of  Collected  Works.  See  No.  3.  7.  Men  of 
Character,  1838,  3  vols.  p.  Svo;  1851,  being  vol.  ii.  of  Col- 
lected Works.  8.  Mrs.  Caudle's  Curtain-Lectures;  new 
cd.,  1846,  fp.  Sv.j ;  1852,  being  vol.  ill.  of  Collected  Work.s. 
9.  Prisoner  of  War,  1842,  Svo.  10.  Punch's  Complete 
Letter-Writer.  11.  Punch's  Letters  to  his  Son,  1S43,  fp. 
Svo.  12.  Retired  from  Business;  a  Comedy,  1S51,  12mo. 
13.  St.  Giles  and  St  James,  1851,  12mo.  14.  Story  of  a 
Feather,  1844,  fp.  Svo.  15.  The  Catspaw;  a  Comedy, 
1S50,  Svo.  16.  Time  Works  Wonders.  1854,  fp.  Svo.  A 
collective  cd.  of  the  works  of  this  popular  author  was  pub. 
in  S  vols.  12mo,  1851-64;  reviewed  in  the  Lon.  Athon;Bum 
1854,  1293-1295.  See  also  Men  of  the  Time,  Lon.,  1856: 
N.  York  Eclec.  M.ag.,  xi.  443,  with  portrait.  The  Atheu- 
ffium  commends  Mr.  Jerrold's  works  in  high  terms : 

.■.''AJ''!'""'!"'''  "''  """"  """'"^^  '"  conlirm  our  original  oi)inion 
that  their  object  is  to  advance  the  good  of  mankind;  tliat  to  tliis 
ohjoct  there  has  been  a  devotion  of  rare  skill,  undoubted  origi- 
nality, imperturbable  good  temper,  concealed,  perhaps,  otcasiim. 
ally  under  .appiireut  flerceness  of  phrase  and  a  force  and  Hii^b 
Of  wit  at  once  dazzling  and  delightful.  A  body  of  works  more 
original,  either  in  the  artistic  construction  or  in  the  inforraiuir 
spirit,  has  not  been  added  to  the  national  literature  of  our  time."-; 
Lon.  Allien.,  18o4,  1293:  Tlie  Wrilings  of  Douglas  Jerrold. 

The  Wit  and  Opinions  of  Douglas  .Torrold,  edited  by  Wil- 
liam Blanchard  Jerrold,  and  originally  pub.  in  the  London 
Jtational  Magazine,  apiieared  in  book-form  in  1858  ;  and  the 
Life  and  Letters  of  Douglas  Jerrold,  edited  by  W.  B.  Jer- 
rold, were  announced  same  year.  See  also  Doun-las  Jer- 
rold 3  Portfolio  of  Weil-Known  Portraits,  drawn  bv  Kenny 
Meadows,  with  a  Biographical  and  Critical  Essay'by  E.  L 
Blanchard,  1S57,  p.  Svo ;  tho  obituary  notice  of  Jerrold 
in  Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  July,  1857,  91-94;  and  the  London 
Athenwum,  1858. 


JES 

original  genins.  H«  never  lost  .in  opportunity  of  labourin"  in  any 
act  of  benevolence  that  his  sense  of  duly  set  belbre  liiiu  ;  and  Id's 
last  words  were  those  of  aflection  towards  all  with  whom  ho  had 
been  associated  in  frieudship,— to  him  a  satred  relation.''— ion 
Gent.  Mitf/.,  ubi  supra. 

Jerrold,  William  Blanchard,  son  of  the  precediu-. 
1.  Disgrace  of  the  Family,  Lon.,  1S48,  Svo.  2.  The  ofd 
Woman  who  lived  in  a  Shoe,  1849,  Svo.  3.  How  to  See 
the  [Crystal  Palace]  Exhibition  in  four  Visits,  1851,  sq 
i.  How  to  Seethe  British  Museum  in  four  Visits,  1862,  ISmo' 
5.^  Threads  of  a  Storm-Sail,  1853,  Svo.  6.  A  Brage-Beaker 
with  the  Swedes;  or,  Notes  from  the  North  in  1852,  Illus- 
trated from  Sketches  by  the  Author,  185.'i,  fp.  Svo. 

'-iVlr.  Jerrold  seeks  to  daguerreotype  the  aspects  of  society  in 
hwedeu  and  to  report  to  his  own  countrymen  on  the  state  of  m,in- 
ners,  culture,  and  the  Fine  Arts."— ion.  Allien..  1854,  44-4(j  q  v 

7.  Imperial  Paris,  1855,  fp.     S.  Story  of  the  Legion  of 
Honour,  1856,  12mo.     9.  Wit  and  0]>ini(ms  of  Dou-las 
Jerrold,  1858.     10.  Life  and  Letters  of  Douglas  Jen^old, 
1858.     See  Jehrold,  Douglas. 
Jervais,  T.     Serms.,  1811,  8vo. 
Jervas,  Charles.     See  Jauvls. 
Jervey,  Wm.,  M.D.     The  Scurvy,  Lon.,  1769,  Svo. 
Jervis,    Lieut.  II.  J.  W.,   R.  Artillery.      Hist,  of 
Corlu  and  of  the  Republic  of  the  Ionian  Islands,  Lon., 
18o2,  p.  Svo. 

'■  Written  with  great  care  and  research,  and  including  probably  aU 
the  particulars  of  any  moment  in  the  history  of  Corfu."— ion.  Athm. 
Jervis,  Sir  J.,  Knt.  1.  Office  of  Coroners,  Lon.,  1S29 
12mo.  2.  Rules  of  the  Cts.  of  K.  B,,  C.  P.,  and  Excheq.: 
4th  ed.,  1839,  Svo.  3.  On  Pleading:  see  Archbold,  J.  F., 
No.  3.     Olher  legal  publications. 

Jervis,  J.W.  1.  Manual  of  Field  Operations,  Lon 
1852,  p.  Svo.     2.  The  Rifle-Musket,  1854,  p.  Svo. 

Jervis,  Sir  John  White,  Bart.  Polit.  and  theolog. 
publications,  1798,  1812,  '13. 

Jervis,  Swynfcu.  TheDyingGirl;  and  other  Poems, 
Lon.,  1849,  p.  Svo.  ' 

"The  Dying  Girl  has  the  higher  excellencies  of  tenderness  and 
pathos,  expressed  in  a  style  of  elegant  simpVKiiy ."—Lm.  Spectator. 
Jervis,  Thomas,  a  Unitarian  minister,  pub.  several 
serms.,  Ac,  Lon.,  1796-18U. 
'■His  style  is  always  ngnrative  and  gloM-ing."— ion.  Month.  Hrpos. 
Jerwood,    James.      1.    Tithe-Rent   Charge,    1840, 
12mo.     2.    Parochial    Boundaries,   Lou,    IS41,   12mo.     3. 
Bights  to  the  Sea  Shores,  &e.,  1850,  Svo. 
Jesse.     The  Riches  of  Grace,  1647,  Svo. 
Jesse,  Edivard,  Surveyor  of  her  M.ajesty's  Parks 
and  Pal.aces.     1.  Anecdotes  of  Dogs,  1846,  4to. 

"The  excellent,  interesting,  and  instructive  volume  hefore  us  "— 
Lon.  Gent.  Mug..  June,  1846.  60U-614. 

2.  Angler's  Rambles,  1836,  p.  Svo.  3.  Favourite  H.aunts 
and  Rural  Studies,  including  Visits  to  Spots  of  Interest  in 
the  Vicinity  of  Windsor  and  Eton,  1847,  p.  Svo. 

"A  pleasing  and  popular  omnhim  gatherum  about  interesting 
architectural  remains,  the  biography  of  their  by-goue  inhabitants, 
country  lite,  rural  scenery,  literature,  natural  history,  4c."— ion 
Literary  Gazette. 

4.  Gleanings  in  Natural  History,  1832-35,  3  vols  8vo- 
1S3S,  2  vols.  fp.  Svo;  Sth  ed.,  1854,  12mo.  See  Blackw! 
Mag.,  xxxiii.  801.  5.  Hampton  Court,  Summer  Day  at,  1S39, 
fp. Svo.  6.  Hampton  Court,  Hand-Book  to;  6th  ed.,  1842 
12ino.  See  Lou.Athenajum,  1842,  742-744;  Blackw!  Mat^' 
.xlviii.  769.  7.  Scenes  and  Tales  of  Country  Life,  1844  d' 
Svo ;  1S53,  p.  Svo.  '  ' 

"Aworthy  companion  to  White's  Natural  History  of  Selborue  " 
— Eug.  Churchman. 

'•Lacks  no  arconiplishinent  desirable  in  an  eleg:int  and  cnm- 
panion.ihle  book,  cither  for  the  country,  or  to  transport  tho  city 
1S44""3'!"      '"^ '" "'"'"'  ^'^'""'^■"—'^'"'''■'^  ^'"O-l  and  see  Lon.  Athcn, 

8.  Windsor,  Summer  Day  at,  and  a  Visit  to  Eton,  1841 
12mo.  New  ed.,  1844,  12mo.  See  Lon.  Athen.,  1844,  787 
SOS.  9.  New  cd.  of  Walton  and  Colton's  Complete  Angler, 
with  Lives  of  the  Author.s,  and  Notes.    To  which  are  added 

Papers  on  Fishing 

G.  "   " 


"■'"""see''"'  "'"'^  "  ""°  °'  "  '"''5''  '"""■'>  '^  ''■'■'II  a''  of  a  great 


„  Tackle,  Fishing-Stations,  etc.,  by  Henry 
Bohn,  1S56,  p.  Svo,  being  No.  37  of  Bohu's  Illustrated 
Library.     A  ))eautiful  and  valuable  edition. 

Jesse,  J.  Guide  to  tho  Practice  of  the  Ct.  of  Quart. 
Sess.  for  the  Co.  of  Somerset,  Lou.,  1816,  Svo. 

Jesse,  John  Heneage.  1.  George  Sel'wyn  and  his 
Contemiioraries,  Lon.,  1843,  4  vols.  Svo. 

"We  do  not  know  a  more  entertaining  book  than  this.  'We 
listen  to  the  most  diverting  raillery,  tho  most  delicate  malice,  and 
the  best  wit  that  a  range  of  observation  merely  superficial  could 
furnish,  and  are  amused  and  pleased  with  a  thousand  conscious 
and  unconscious  aflectations." — Lim.  Examiner. 

2.  Literary  and  Historical  Memoirs  of  London;  1st  Ser., 
1847,  2  vols.  Svo.  3.  London  and  its  Celebrities;  2d  Ser., 
1850,  2  vols.  Svo. 

"Full  of  curious  matter,  and  will  always  be  read  and  valued  " — 
John  Hull. 

i.  London  :  a  Fragmentary  Poem,  1847,  p.  Svo.     5.  Mary 


JES 


JEW 


Queen  of  Scots ;  and  other  Poems,  p.  Svo.  6.  Memoirs  of 
the  Court  of  Enghmd  during  the  Reign  of  the  Stuarts,  in- 
cluding the  Prutectorate.  18:^9-40,  4  vols. Svo;  2d  ed.,  1S55, 
3  vols.  cr.  Svo;  3d  ed.,  1S57,  3  vols.  cr.  Svo. 

"  One  of  the  most  interesting  worlcs  that  has  issued  from  the 
press  for  many  seasons." — Lon,  Atlas. 

The  materials  of  this  work  are  chiefly  drawn  from  the 
sketches  of  De  Grammoat,  Pepys,  and  Madame  Dunois, 
Lon..  1707,  Svo. 

'•  The  work  is  mere  patchwork,  ...  No  attempt  is  made  to  dis- 
criminate between  conflictingstatenit-nts,  or  to  ascertain  the  degree 
of  cri'dit  to  which  the  anecdotes  are  entitk'd.'' — Lon.  Athen.,  1840, 
622-023. 

7.  Memoirs  of  the  Court  of  London,  from  the  Revolu- 
tion in  If'SS  to  the  Death  of  George  II.,  lS4;i,  3  vols.  Svoj 
2d  ed.,  1846,  8  vols.  Svo. 

"Thi3  work  presents  in  an  agreeable  form  facts  which  have 
kitherto  been  known  only  to  tlie  laljorious  few." — Lon,  Times. 

8.  Memoirs  of  the  Pretenders  and  their  Adherents,  1845, 
2  vols.  Svo ;  2d  cd.,  1S46,  2  vols.  Svo  ;  yd  cd.,  1858,  p.  Svo. 
See  N.  Amer.  Ptcv.,  Oct.  18oS.  9.  Talcs  of  the  Dead,  and 
other  Poems,  llimii. 

Jesse,  Capt.  William,  R.A.  1.  Notes  of  a  Half- 
Pay  in  Search  of  Health ;  or,  Russia,  Circassia,  and  the 
Crimea  in  ls:J9-40,  1841.  2  vols.  p.  Svo. 

"  Captain  Jesse  has  given  us  a  better  insight  into  the  habits  and 
manners  and  institutions  of  Kussia  thauany  other  modern  author." 
— United  Service  Gazette. 

Also  favourably  reviewed  in  the  Lon.  Athcnjvum,  The 
Naval  and  Military  Gazette.  The  Gh.lje,  and  The  Britan- 
nia.    Also  noticed  in  Eclcc.  Rev.,  4lh  Ser.,  xi.  298. 

2.  Life  of  Reau  Brummel,  1844,  2  vols.  Svo  ;  1854, 12mo. 
See  Lon.  Athen.,  1844,  399-400.  3.  Russia  and  the  War, 
1S54,  cr.  Svo,  and  12mo.  4.  Trans,  of  J.  P.  Ferrier's  Ca- 
ravan Journeys:  2d  ed.,  1857,  Svo. 

Jesse,  William,  Rector  of  Dowles,  d.  1814,  aged  77, 
was  the  author  of  a  number  of  serms.  and  theolog.  treat- 
ises, pub.  1780-1816. 

'■The  excL-llenciea  of  these  sermons  [1810,  Svo]  are  soundness  of 
doctrine,  and  simplicity  in  thought  and  in  language." — Lon.  Chris. 
OlfSn'ver. 

"  The  doctrines  nre  not  stated  with  any  remarkable  precision,  nor 
majiitained  with  auy  .st^atly  process  of  argimient.  The  composition 
is  indeed,  for  tin-  lunst  part,  quite  loose  and  immethodical." — John 
Foster  :  EiUc  I\i:ri<w  ;  and  HI  his  Essaijs,  Lou.,  ISoO,  i.  515-522. 

Jessey,  Henry,  1601-1(^63,  left  the  Church  of  Eng- 
land, aud  became  minister  of  a  Baptist  congrej^ation.  1. 
26S  Places  in  Jerusalem,  Lon.,  1654,  4to.  2.  The  Lord's 
Loud  Calls  to  England,  Lon.,  1660,  4to.  3.  English-Greek 
Lexicon,  1661,  Svo.  This  does  not  nitpear  to  be  a  compi- 
lation of  Jessey's.  See  Orme's  Bibl.  Bib.  It  is  one  of  the 
earliest  Lexicons  to  the  N.  T.  in  the  English.  4.  Looking- 
Glass  for  Children,  with  addits.  by  IL  P.,  1673,  Svo.  Jessey 
made  some  progress  in  a  new  trans,  of  the  Bible. 

Jessop,  Coiistantius.  On  Rev.  ii.  1,  Lon.,  1640, 
'60,  4  to. 

Jessop,  Francis*  1.  Propositiones  Hydrostaticse, 
Ac,  Lon..  1687,  4to.  2.  Damps  in  Mines,  &c.;  Phil. 
Tran,^.,  1675. 

Jesten,  H.  Drama  of  Joseph,  Ac.,  Reading,  1790,  Svo, 

Jesiip,  Edward.     Lives  of  Picus  and  Pascal,  1723. 

Jeter,  Jeremiah  B,,  D.D.,  a  Baptist  divine,  b.  in 
Bedford  county,  Va.,  1802.  1.  Memoir  of  Abner  W.  Clop- 
ton,  A.M.  2.  Memoir  of  Mrs.  Henrietta  Shuck,  the  first 
American  Female  Missionary  to  China;  5th  ed.,  12mo. 

*'  We  have  seklDUi  taken  into  our  hands  a  more  beautiful  book 
than  this.  It  will  be  extensively  read  and  eminently  useful,  and 
tlius  tlio  eud.s  sought  by  the  author  will  be  liappily  secured." — 
Fumili/  Visitor. 

3.  Memoir  of  the  Rev.  Andrew  Broadders,  of  Virginia. 
4.  Campbellism  Examined,  N.  York,  12mo.  This  was  an- 
swered by  Moses  E.  Lard.  q.  v.  5.  Christian  Mirror;  or, 
A  Delineation  of  different  Classes  of  Christians,  1855,16mo. 
6.  The  Psalmist:  see  Fullkr,  Richard,  No.  6. 

Jevon,  Thomas,  d.  1688,  an  actor.  The  Devil  of  a 
AVife ;  a  Farce,  1686,  4to.  This  is  the  original  of  the  Farce 
of  The  Dovil  to  Pay. 

Jevons,  Thomas.    Criminal  Law,  Lon.,  1834, 12mo, 

Jevons,  William.  1.  Elementsof  Astronomy,  Lon., 
12mo.     2.  Systematic  Morality,  2  vols.  Svo. 

'■■\Vc  ?an  saff-'ly  recninmeml  it.'" — Lrm.  Mmith.  Repos. 

Jewel,  Edward.     The  Stomach,  &c.,  Lon.,  1678,  4to. 

Jewel,  or  Jewell,  John,  D.D.,  1522-1571,  a  native 
of  Devonshire,  admitted  of  Mcrton  College,  Oxford,  1535, 
was  in  1539  chosen  scholar  of  Corpus  Christi  College,  and 
Buhsequently  became  Reader  of  Humanity  and  Rhetoric 
in  his  college.  In  1546  he  professed  himself  a  convert  to 
the  doctrines  of  the  Refurmatinn,  and  his  zeal  in  dissemi- 
nating his  opinions  led  to  his  oxpult-ion  from  his  college. 
On  the  accession  of  Queen  Mary  in  1554,  he  fled  to  the 
Continent,  and  remained  abroad  until  the  year  after  Eliza- 


beth ascenaed  the  throne;  in  1560  ho  was  consecrated 
Bishop  of  Salisbury,  and  in  1562  gave  to  the  world,  in  ele- 
gant Latin,  the  most  famous  of  his  writings, — Apologia  Ec- 
clesiae  Anglicanie.  His  unwearied  labours  in  the  discharge 
of  the  duties  of  his  episcopate,  and  his  unremitting  devo- 
tion to  study,  brought  on  a  state  of  physical  exhaustion, 
which  resulted  fatally  on  the  22d  of  Sept.  1571.  in  the 
fiftieth  year  of  his  age.  He  was  noted  for  his  wonderful 
powers  of  memory,  profound  learning,  and  exemplary 
piety.  A  collective  edition  of  his  works,  which  consist 
principally  of  treatises  in  defence  of  the  Church  of  England 
against  Romanism,  was  pub.  in  1609, fob;  1611, fob;  1631, 
fob;  1711,  fob  See  edits,  of  separate  publications  in 
Watt's  Bibl.  Brit.  There  are  two  recent  edits,  of  his  col- 
lected works, — viz. :  edited  for  the  Parker  Society  by  the 
Rev.  John  Ayre,  Camb.,  1845-50,  4  vols.  sm.  fol.,'£l  10«. ; 
edited  by  R.  W.  Jelf,  D.D.,  Oxf.,  1847-48,  8  vols.  Svo,  £3 
12s.  Of  his  Apology,  and  other  pieces  pub,  separately, 
there  have  been  many  editions.  His  Challenge  Sermon, 
preached  at  St.  Paul's  Cross,  March  30,  1560,  is  considered 
one  of  the  best  specimens  of  his  eloquence.  See  Life  pre- 
fixed to  the  octavo  edit,  of  the  Apology,  1685;  reprinted 
in  Wordsworth's  Eccles.  Biog.  ;  Burnet's  Hist,  of  the  Re- 
formation ;  Holingshed's  Chronicle;  Biog.  Brit.;  Bliss's 
Wood's  Athen.  Oxon. ;  Fuller's  Abel  Redivivus ;  his 
Church  History ;  Strype's  Life  of  Crauraer,  of  Parker ; 
Prince's  Worthies  of  Devon;  Chalmers's  Biog.  Diet.; 
Lowndes's  Brit.  Lib.,  271,  598,  1037,  1038,  1039,  1269; 
C.  W.  Le  Bas's  Life  of  Jewel,  1835,  12mo.  (Reviewed  in 
British  Critic,  xviii.  38. J  Jewel's  Apology  came  out, 
Strype  says,  *'to  the  abundant  establishment  of  this  re- 
formed church  upon  antiquity." 

"Jewel's  Apology  is  an  account  of  the  grounds  of  our  separation 
from  the  Churt-li  of  Rome,  as  maintained  after  the  separation  had 
finally  taken  place.  It  was  publicly  rocoived  and  allowed,  and  has 
also  a  claim  to  tho  attention  of  the  reader,  both  for  its  clearness  of 
argument  and  elegance  of  language." — Bishop  Randolph  :  Enchi- 
ridion Theologicuvi. 

'•One  uf  our  best  books." — Bisnnp  BtTRNET. 

''AVill  especially  reward  perusal." — Bickersteth. 

*'Tbi3  short  book  is  written  with  spirit:  the  style  is  terse,  tho 
arguments  pointed,  the  authorities  much  to  the  pui-pose;  so  that 
its  effects  are  not  surprising.  This  treatise  is  written  in  Latin;  his 
Defence  of  the  Apulngy.  a  much  more  difluse  work,  in  Eiifilish. 
Upon  the  merits  ol  thf  iMottoversy  of  Jewell  with  the  Jesuit  Ilard- 
iug.  which  the  dilMU'c  niibi;ices,  I  am  not  competent  to  give  any 
ojiinion;  in  length  ami  learning  it  far  surpasses  our  earlier  pole- 
mical literature." — Hatlam's  Lit.  Hist,  of  Europe,  4th  ed.,  Lou., 
1S54,  i.  501. 

To  the  controversy  with  Harding  we  have  already  re- 
ferred :  see  Harding,  Thomas,  and  authorities  there  cited. 

"Tlie  Church  of  England  may  be  best  studied  in  the  writings  of 
Jewell,  as  regards  its  separation  from  the  Romanist." — Bishop 
Waeburton. 

"  For  the  answer  to  any  question  respecting  the  genuine  sense  of 
the  documents  of  the  Church  of  England.  I  consult  no  other  author- 
ity."—-Cvril  Jackson,  D-D..  Dean  of  Christ  Church. 

"Jewell  is  eminent  for  his  extensive  le-arning,  his  sound  views, 
and  his  Christian  eloquence.  All  his  works  are  valuable.  .  .  .  The 
finest  Christian  eloquence,  deep  learning,  sound  wisdom,  and  evan- 
gelical piety,  mark  tho  writings  of  this  Reformer." — BickerstetWsC.S. 

"  The  contemporary  of  Archbishup  Parker,  Bishop  Jewell.  Bishop 
of  Salisliury,  with  equal  learning,  united  a  more  glowing  style  and 
richi/r  eloquence.  Jewell  was  indeed  the  most  accomplished  scholar 
who  had  ypf  ajipr-arod  in  the  reformed  Clinrch  of  England." — Cat- 
termoWs  Lif' mftir.'  uf  ih.-  flnirrh  nf  Enfjland. 

"One  of  tb'-  tirciitfst  li^lits  that  the  reformed  Church  of  England 
hath  produced." — \VouLi:  At/nn.  Oxon. 

"Jewel's  character  cannot  be  too  highly  revered,  or  too  respect- 
fully spoken  of." — Dr.  Buss:  vbi  supra. 

"The  Jewel  of  Bishops,  tiie  worthiest  Divine  that  Christendom 
hath  bred  for  some  hundred  of  years." — Richard  Hooker,  authoi- 
of  the  Ecclesiastical  Polity. 

"It  may  be  said  of  his  surname.  t?M?)t'M  omen:  .Tewol  hi.^  name 
and  precious  his  virtues;  bo  tliat.  if  the  lilir  iUnbiH'tn  Ud  u>(  Eng- 
lishmen, which  doth  foreigners,  speciously  tu  n-n.i'i-  ^ur  sm  iinnies 
in  Greek  or  Latin,  he  may  be  termed  Johunnes  (J'.inina,  on  bL^ttur 
account  than  Gemma  i^;-isi«sentitleth  himself  thereunto." — FuUei^'s 
Worthies  of  Devonshire. 

JeAvel,or  Jewell,  William,  a  native  of  Devonshire, 
educated  at  E.\eter  College,  Oxford.  The  Golden  Cabinet 
of  True  Treasure,  containing  the  sumrae  of  morall  philo- 
sophic ;  from  the  French,  Lon.,  1612,  sra.  8vo. 

Jewett,  Charles.  Temperance  Lectures,  Poems, 
Reviews.  &c.,  Bost.,  12mo. 

Jewett,  Charles  Coffin,  a  learned  American  biblio- 
grapher and  linguist,  was  born  Aug.  12,  1S16,  graduated 
at  Brown  Universily.  1S35;  appointed  Prof,  of  Modern 
Languages  at  Brown  Univ^  and  Assistant  Secretary  of  the 
Smithsonian  Institution.  Mr.  Jewett  resides  in  Boston. 
1.  Catalogue  of  the  Library  of  Brown  University,  Provi- 
dence. 1843,  Svo,  pp.  560.  2.  Facts  and  Considerations 
relative  to  Duties  t)n  Books,  1846,  Svo,  pp.  24.  3.  Notices 
of  Public  Libraries  in  the  United  States  of  America,  Wash- 
ington, 1851,  Svo,  pp.  207.     4.  On  the  Construction  of 

907 


JEW 


jon 


Catalogues  of  Libraries  and  their  publications  by  means  of  |  biivy  i^"_Noctes  Ambrosianaej^  Dee.  1S29^  (Blackw.  Mng., 

eeparatestereutyped  Titles;  with  Rulesjiiul  Examples, ISol!,  """  '         '  """    ""'     ""  ~'"  "         *    " 

8vo;  1S53,  8\'o.  pp.  9f),  2a  ed.  Contributions  to  the  Pro- 
ceedings of  the  American  Association  for  the  Advancement 
of  Science,  Hunt's  Merchants'  Magazine. 


872;)   and  see  pp,  953,  976,  for  some  of  this  lady's 
1.  The  Kansom:  a  Tale  of  the  13th 


Cicero  beautifully  calls  the  library  "the  Soul  of  the 
House:"  Professor  Jewett,  with  a  nnble  ambition,  lias 
zealously  striven  to  provide  such  a  soul  for  this  grerit  Re- 
public, by  his  intelligent  labours  in  connexion  with  the 
Smithsonian  Institution,  at  Washington.  AVo  trust  that 
he  will  yet  see  that  mngnificent  temple  adorned — not  only 
with  "goodly  stones,"  (which  sometimes  pre.ich  any  thing 
but  profitable  "sermons.")  but — with  the  recorded  learn- 
ing of  all  ages,  and  the  teachings  of  wisdom  of  every  clime. 
A  great  National  Library  would  be,  indeed,  a  National 
Honour,  a  National  Blessing,  and  a  priceless  boon,  alike 
to  the  present  generation,  and  to  the  countless  millions 
who  are  to  take  our  places,  enter  into  our  labours,  and  con- 
trol the  destinies  of  our  country  when  we  ;ire  no  more  ! 

Jewett,  Isaac  A.  Passages  in  Foreign  Travel,  Bost., 
1838,  2  vu\s.  12mo. 

Jewett,  J.  R.  Narrative  of  Captivity  and  Suflfering 
at  Nootka  ^ound,  Hartfonl,  12mo. 

Jewett,  J.  L.,  has  edited  Ollendorff's  New  Method 
of  Learning  French,  Spiers's  French  Dictionary,  &c.,  and 
contributed  vocabularies  of  French  words  to  De  Fivas's 
Classic  French  Reader,  and  to  Rowan's  Modern  French 
Reader. 

Jewett,  Milo  P.,  late  minister  of  the  Presbyterian 
Church,  and  Professor  in  Marietta  College,  Ohio,  wiis  born 
in  1808.  at  St.  Johnsbury,  Vermont;  graduated  at  Andover 
Theolog.  Seminary,  1838.  The  Mode  and  Subjects  of  Bap- 
tism, Bost.;  12  eds.  pub.  Highly  commended  by  the  Rev. 
J.  R.  Greaves,  editor  of  Tennessee  Baptist. 

Mr.  Jewett  was  among  the  6rst  to  introduce  the  Common- 
School  System  into  Ohio  and  Alabama. 

Jewsbury,  Miss  Geraldine  E.,  a  native  of  Man- 
chester, England,  and  a  younger  sister  of  the  late  Mrs. 
Fletcher,  formerly  Maria  Jane  Jewsbury.  has  given  to  the 
world  a  number  of  novels:  1.  Zoe :  the  History  of  two 
Lives,  Lon.,  1845,  3  vols.  p.  8vo. 

"We  should  imagine  Miss  Jewsbury  bettpr  qualified  to  succeed 
in  e8say3  and  speculative  papers,  than  in  drscriptiuns  of  character 
as  it  is,  or  society  as  it  has  been." — Lon.  Athen.,  1845, 114. 

"This  novel  made  a  sensation  iu  its  day,  hut  its  reputation  was 
rather  of  an  equivocal  kind." — Lon.  IHmes,  1855,  where  will  be 
found  a  brief  notice  of  Nos.  1,  2,  3,  and  ti. 

2.  The  Hidf-Sisters,  1848,  2  vols.  p.  8vo;  1854.  12mo. 
"Displays,   like    its    precursor,   very  considerable    intellectual 

powers,  a  shrewd  observance  of  character,  and  a  general  talent,  or 
more  strength  than  refinement,  and,  indeed,  wanting  only  some 
polish  to  its  roughness  to  raise  it  much  liiglier  in  the  intellectual 
Bcale."— Xmi.  Lit.  Gaz.,  1S48.  194-196.    See  No.  1. 

3.  Marian  AVithers,  1851,  3  vols.  p.  8vo.  See  No.  1.  4. 
The  History  of  an  Adopted  Child,  1852,  fp.  8vo;  1853. 
Intended  for  the  Young.  5.  Angelo ;  or,  the  Pine-Forest 
in  the  Alps,  1855,  16mo.  6.  Constance  Herbert,  1855,  3 
vols.  p.  Svo. 

"  We  have  seen  few  books  so  perfectly  unsatisfactory  as  Constance 
Herbert." — Blackwood's  Mag.,  May,  1855:  Moikrn  Xoveluts,  Great 
and  Sniall. 

7.  The  Sorrows  of  Gentility,  1856,  2  vols.  p.  Svo. 

"A  remarkably  good  novel;  well  written,  amusing,  sensible,  and 
firm  to  its  puijiose." — Lon.  Examiner. 

Jewsbury,  3Iaria  Jane,  1S00?-1S33.  a  native  of 
Warwickshire,  but  a  resident  of  Manchester  the  principal 
part  of  her  life,  was  married  in  1833  to  the  Rev.  William 
Fletcher,  whom  she  accompanied,  shortly  after  her  mar- 
riage, on  a  religious  mission  to  India.  She  fell  a  victim  to 
cholera  soon  after  her  arrival  at  Bombay.  Miss  Jews- 
bury contributed  many  articles  to  the  Lon.  Athenseum  and 
other  periodicals,  which  have  never  been  cidleeted.  She 
pub.  the  following  vols. :  1.  Phantasmagoria ;  or,  Sketches 
of  Life  and  Literature.  2.  Letters  to  the  Young;  5lh  ed., 
1843,  fp.  Svo.  3.  Lays  of  Leisure  Hours.  4.  Three  His- 
tories;  new  ed.,  1844,  fp.  Svo.  The  last-named  work  is  a 
great  favourite. 

"  Her  enthusiasm  was  ardent,  her  piety  steadfast,  and  her  great 
talents  would  have  eiialtled  her  to  be  eminently  useful  in  the  path 
to  which  stie  had  lu-en  called.  ...  In  one  quality — quickness  in  the 
motions  of  her  mind — she  w.is.  in  the  author's  estimation,  uu- 
rivalK'd."  —  Wordswokth,  the.  poet,  an  intimate  friend  of  Miss 
Jewsbury. 

"  Miss  Jewsbury  the  elder  was  one  of  our  coadjutors  in  the  long- 
past  days  of  our  struggle Quicker  impulses,  sounder  conclusions. 

an  imagination  more  fanciful,  purposes  more  noble,  or  a  more  eager 
thirst  alter  wisdom  and  goodness  for  their  own  sakes,  have  rarely 
distinguished  any  of  the  honourable  and  honoured  liue  of  author- 
esses. .  .  .  There ia no forgettingMiss Jewsbury wheneverthegifled 
women  of  England  are  brougibt  under  notice." — Lon.  Alhenaum, 
1845.  114. 

Bee  Christopher  North's  commendation  of  Miss  Jews- 


XXVI. 

poetry. 
Jewry,  Laura, 

Century,  1846,  3  vols.  p.  Svo. 
"Tlie  Kansom  has  more  than  commonplace  merit.'" — Lnn.Athen. 
2.  The  Forest  and  the  Fortress:  a  Romance  of  tlie  19th 
Century,  1850,  3  vols.  p.  Svo.     See  Lon.  Athen.,  1850,  419. 
3.  The  Cup  and  the  Lip;  a  Novel,  1851,  3  vols.  p.  Svo. 

•'Miss  Jewry's  dramatis  persfna:  are  well  conceived,  consistent 
with  themselves  and  with  the  times." — Ltm.  Spectator. 

4.  The  Tide  of  Life  ;  a  Novel,  1852,  3  vols.  p.  Svo.  5. 
Audrey  :  a  Novel,  1S63,  3  vols.  p.  Svo. 

Jickling,  Henry.  Analogy  between  Legal  and  Equi- 
table Estates  and  Alienation,  Ac,  Lon.,  1829,  r.  Svo. 

Jiekling,  Nicholas,  Digest  of  Laws  of  Customs, 
<tc.,  Lon.,  1815.  4to.     See  Frewin,  Richard. 

Jimeson,  Rev.  Allen  Alexander,  D.D.,  b.  1815, 
in  Pennsylvania.  1.  Notes  on  the  XXV.  Articles  of  Re- 
ligion of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  Cincin.,  1853, 
12mo,  pp.  407.  2.  Sacred  Literature  of  the  Lord's  Prayer, 
1854,  12mo,  pp.  207.  3.  Notes  on  the  Twenty-Five  Articles 
of  Religi«tn  as  Received  and  Taught  by  Methodists  in  the 
United  States.  1S5S,  12mo. 

Jobson,  Kicharil.  The  Golden  Trade;  or,  a  Dis- 
covery of  the  Gambia,  Lon.,  1623,  4to.  See  Hugh  Mur- 
ray's Africa. 

Jocelin  of  Furness,  flourished  1185,  was  the  author 
of  several  biographies,  cliiefly  of  saints.  See  Wright's 
Liog.  Brit.  Lit.,  Anglo-Norman  Period,  and  authorities 
there  cited. 

Joceline,  Elizabeth-  The  Mother's  Legacie  to  her 
Unborne  Child,  O.-cf ,  1634,  sm.  Svo.  New  ed.,  by  the  Very- 
Rev.  Principal  Lee,  Edin.,  1852,  ISmo. 

Joceylyn,  Lord.  Six  Months  with  the  Chinese  Ex- 
pedition ;  2d  ed.,  Lou.,  1841,  12mu.  This  work  has  reached 
the  6th  edit. 

"  Lord  Joceylyn  supplies  us  with  some  striking  facts  and  un- 
known particulars." — Lon.Lita-ary  Gazette. 

Jodrell,  Henry.     Charge  to  Jury,  Lon.,  1793,  Svo. 
Jodtell,  Paul.     1.  A  Widow  and  no  Widow  :  a  Dram. 
Piece,  Lon..  1780.  Svo.     2.  Seeing  is  Believing,  1786,  Svo. 
Jodrell,   Richard   Paul,    M.D.,   D.C.L.,  d.  1S31, 
brother  of  the  preceding.      I.  Illustrations  of  Euripides  on 
the  Ion,  Bacchai,  and  Aleestis,  Lon.,  1781-89,  3  vols.  Svo. 
"An  extraordinary  fund  of  critical  erudition."'— Dr.  Adam  Cl.\kke. 
2.  The  Persian  Heroine;  a  Trag.,  17S6,  4to.     3.  Select 
Dramatic  Pieces,  1787,  Svo.   These  six  pieces  and  a  seventh 
had  been  pub.  previously.    4.  Carmina  Selecta,  1812,  r.  Svo. 
Privately  printed,  £4  *4s.     5.   Philology  of  the    English 
Language,   1820,  4to ;   250  copies;  privately  printed.     A 
valuable   work,  and   should   accompany   HalliwcU's   Dic- 
tionary, q.  x\ 

Joel,  Thomas.  1.  Poems  and  Letters  in  Prose,  Lon., 
1767.  Svo.     2.   Grmninnr,  1775,  12mo. 

Johansen,  Andrew.  Island  of  Bulan,  Lon.,  1794. 
John  of  Beverley,  the  founder  of  the  Abbey  of  Be- 
verley, d.  721,  is  said  by  Btde  to  have  written  some  Ho- 
milies and  Epistles;  but  there  is  no  work  extant  bearing 
his  name.  See  Wright's  Biog.  Brit.  Lit.,  Anglo-Saxon 
Period,  and  authorities  there  cited. 

John  of  Beverley,  a  Carmelite  professor  of  divinity 
at  Oxford  about  1300,  was  the  author  of  some  questions 
on  the  Master  of  the  Sentences,  and  some  controversial 


pieces. 

John  of  Bronipton,  Abbot  of  Jervaux.in  Yorkshire, 
in  1103,  is  the  reputed  author  of  a  Chronicle  of  English 
History,  588-1198;  but  it  is  very  doubtful  whether  it  is 
properly  ascribed  to  him.  See  Wright's  Biog.  Brit.  Lit., 
Anglo-Norman  Period,  and  authorities  there  cited. 

John  of  Cornwall,  flourished  1170,  was  the  author 
of  three  theological  treatises,  the  principal  one  of  which 
— relating  to  the  humanity  of  Christ — is  known  by  the 
title  of  Eulogium,  and  was  given  to  the  world  about  1169 
or  '70.  See  Wright's  Biog.  Brit.  Lit.,  Anglo-Norman 
Period,  and  Jiuthorities  there  cited. 

John  de  Ilauteville,  flourished  11S4,  was  the  author 
of  a  poem  entitled  Arcliitrenius,  and  is  supposed,  without 
probability,  to  have  written  some  other  poetical  pieces. 
See  Wright*s  Biog.  Brit.  Lit.,  Anglo-Norman  Period,  and 
authorities  there  cited. 

John  of  <-addesden.  See  Gaddesden,  John  of. 
John  of  Salisbury,  1120?-1180,  a  native  of  S.a-is- 
bury,  studied  at  Oxford  and  Paris,  opened  a  school  in  the 
latter  place,  subsequently  lived  in  England  as  secretary  to 
Theobald,  Archbishop  of  Canterbury,  and  to  his  successor, 
Thomas  a  Becket,  and,  in  1 1  76,  was  made  Bishop  of  Char- 
tres  by  the  recommendation  of  Louis  of  France.    His  prin- 


JOH 


cipal  works  are  his  Polyeraticus  de  nug.s  cunalmm  etycs- 
tiiiis  pliilosunhorum  ;  a  metrical  treatise  entitled  Buthe- 
tieus  de  dogmatc  philosuphorum  ;  the  Metalogicus ;  his 
epistles,  and  a  life  uf  Thomas  a  Becket. 

P"  As  a  writer.  John  of  Salisl.nry  is  estimable  for  1"'  S"?,'/™^- 
tion  and  for  the  cineral  correctness  ot  Ins  style.  —W,  iglds  Bw(i. 

editions  of  his  worlis.  .,    ,.r  .   .  ..     ■        i     ii    ™«..lr 

Since  the  puhlication  of  Mr.  Wright's  mvalu.ahle  woik, 
a  new  edition-and  the  best-has  appeared,-viz. :  Opera 
Omni,a.  nunc  primum  in  unum  eoUegit,  et  cn.n  oodicibu» 
mannscriptis  contuUt  J.  A.  (iiles,  Oxon.,  Ib48,  5  vols  8vd 
"John  if  Salisbury  was  the  intimate  friend  of  Thoma.,  it  Becket 
He  appears  to  have  bi«-n  an  nnsparing  'ind  Just  ceusnre.  both  of 
frii-n'i-^  and  f"cs.  His  PJicnlicus  is  a  work  on  tl.c  tolhes  of  cour- 
ticis  uid  pliilosnphers."— CiarAe's  S-icivd  Literature.  ] 

John,  Saint.     See  Saint  John.  ,„,,   .  1 

John,  Chris.  S.     Indian  Civilization,  1813,  8vo. 
John,  Gabriel.     Essay  towards  the  Theory  of  the 
Intelligible  World  Intuitively  Considered.    Designed  for  49 
parts  l^mo.    Swift  is  thought  to  have  t.aken  the  idea  ot  his 
marbled  pages  from  this  curious  work :  but  see  GoDWl.v,  1 

'joiini  T.  JB.     An  Impartial  Hist,  of  Europe    from  | 
the  Heath  of  Louis  XVI.  to  the  Present  Time,  1814,  8vo. 
Johncs,  .\rthur  James.    1.  Causes  which  have  pro- 
duced Dissent  from  the  Estalilished  Church  in  Wales     See 
Lowndes's  Brit.  Lib..  1140-1147.     2.  Reform  of  the  C t  of 
Chancery,  L"n.,  lS;i4,  8vo.     See  Hoff.  Leg.  Stu.,  40h  ,  13 
Amer.  Jur.,  459.     3.   Philological  Proofs  of  the  Ongina 
Unity  and  recent  Origin   of   the   Hum.an   Race,  derived 
from  a  Comparison  of   the  Languages   of  Asia,  Lurope,  ' 
Africa,  and  America,  1843.  8vo.     New  ed.,  Ih4b,  8vo 
■•  This  essay  contains  very  valuable  matter.  —Dr.  J  ricliara. 
This   work   was    published    at   the    suggestion   ot    Dr. 
Prichard,  and  should  accompany  his  works. 
Johnes,  'I'honias.     Serm.,  Brist.,  1779,  4to. 
Johnes,    Col.  Thomas,    1748-1816,    a   native   of 
Shropshire,  the  owner  of  the  splendid  mansion  and  library 
at  Hafod  in  Cardiganshire,  issued  from  his  private  print 
ing-press  the  following  valuable  works   trans   l^y  1""-'^" 
into  English:    1.  Sir  John  Froissart  s  Chronicles,  1803-05 
4  vols.  4to,  25  copies,  large  paper,  in  foL;  2d  ed.,  18U5. 1-i 
vols.  8vo,  plates  in  4to;  3d  ed.,  1808,  12  vols.  8vo   plates 
in  4to,  1839,  2  vols.  r.  Svo ;  1848,  2  vols.  '■•.8>'<' ^  l^f  •  [' 
8vo.    Condensed,  1847,  2  vols.  12rao.     Reviewed   by  Sir 
Walter  Scott  in  Edin.  Rev.,  V.  347-31.2.  ^^ 

2    The  Travels  of  Bertrandon  de  la  Brocquiere,  1807, 
r.sio,  12  copies,  large  p.aper.  in  sm.  ^'?,-,    R";"^".r'  ^/ 
the  Rev.  Sydney  Smith  in  Edin.  Rev  ,.-c  329-3.12.     3.  Me- 
moirs of  John,  Lord  de  Joinville,  1807,  2  vols.  4to,  2.,0 
copies  printed  :  10  copies,  large   paper    in  imp.  4to      4 
Chronicles  of  Eug.  de  Monstrelet,   1809,  0  vols.  4to,  2d 
copies  large  pape?,  in  fol. :  2d  ed.,  1810,  12  vol...  Svo,  plates 
in  4to ;  18^40!  2  vols.  imp.  8vo.     Col   Johnes  also  pub.  a 
trans    of  St.  Palaye's  Memoirs  of  the  Lite  ot    froissart, 
1803,  Svo,  and  A  Cardiganshire  Landlord's  Advice  to  his 
Tenants      We  have  already  devoted  so  much  space  to 
Froissart,  (and  some  to  Monstrelet,)  that  no    comments 
should  be  expected  here.     See  B.RNEns,  John  Bo»="CB>e«. 
Lord.     For  particulars  respecting  Col.  Johnes,  his  man- 
sion^and  his  splendid  library,  see  A  Tour  to  Hafod,  by 
Sir  James  Edward  Smith,  1810,  sup.  r.  fol    price    2  guineas  ; 
Dibdin's  Bibliographical  Decameron,  and  his  Library  Com- 
panion ;  Green's  Diary  of  a  Lover  of  Lit. ;  Ceus.  Lit.     In  , 
18(17,  the  splendid  mansion  of  Col.  Johnes,  with  much  of 
its  valu.able   contents,   was    destroyed    by   fire:    the    loss  | 
amounted  to  £70,000.     The  energetic  Biljliomaniac,  how- 
ever, was  not  to  be  discouraged,  and  built  and  jJ"™<=J  »  ] 
new  edifice.     Evelvn  would  have  been  delighted  with  the 
colonel,  for  he  planted  above  three  millions  of  trees  on  his 
Cardiganshire  estates.  10,1    ;, 9 

Johns,  C.  A.     Botanical  works,  Lon..  lS41-3~. 
Johns,  B.  G.,  Head-Maslcr  of  the  Grammar-School, 
Dulwich.'     Theological  works,  Lon.,  1845-53. 

Johns,  Henry  U.,  D.D.,  a  Clergynaan  of  the  Prot. 
Epi"  Church  in  Baltimore,  Maryland.     Joy  and  Peace  in 

'^tiXf;  Montgomery,  M^p.     An  English  and  Ger- 

'"■:j;^"r;vi;^:'^rr::;.!::^;:rH^Sf;t:;;Man'sHeart 

his  greatest  Enemy.  Oxf.,  1<;74,  4to.     In  verse 

jShns,  Rev.  Wni.     Latin  Etymology,  Lon.,  IbUo, 

^^Johns,  Wm.     Correspondence,  Ac.,  IS"'  8;°- 
Johnsen,  H.     Confutation  of  LiUie,  1648,  Svo. 
.       Johnson!     Traveller's  Brcirate,  1601,  4to. 

Johnson.     Stones  in  Annuals;   Phil.  Frans.,  1674. 
Johnson.     Struggle  against  Popery,  1689,  Svo. 


JOII 

Johnson.     Manual  of  Physic,  Lon.,  1700.  Svo. 

Johnson.     On  M.ual  Obligaii.in.  Lnn.,  1731,  bvo. 

Johnson,  or  Johnston,  .Major.  1.  Exped.iion  to 
Candy  in  ISOl,  L.ui..  1810,  Svo.  2.  Journey  from  India 
to  England  in  ISI7,  tto.  1818. 

Johnson,  .-♦Irs.  .V.  M.     Novels.] 790. 

Johnson,  Abraham.     Lucina  sine  eoncubitor,  Lon., 

Johnson,  Alexander  B.,  hanker  and  couiisellor- 
at-law,  of  Utica,  New  York,  where  he  has  resided  slnt^o 
April,  1801,  was  b.  at  Gosport,  England,  May  29,  li8b. 
1  Inquiry  into  the  Nature  and  value  of  Capital.  Ac.  IN. 
York  18i3.  2.  The  Philosuphy  of  Human  Knowledge; 
or,  a  Treatise  on  Language,  1S2S.  A  eulogistic  notice  of 
this  work,  bv  the  Rev.  Timothy  Flint,  will  be  fo""''  >n 
the  London  Athenaium,  1835,  802-S03,-Sketches  of  the 
Lit.  of  the  U.  States.  3.  A  Treat,  on  Language,  18..6.  4. 
Religion  in  its  Relations  to  the  Present  Life,  1840.  o. 
The  Philosophical  Emperor,  1841.  6  A  Ireat.  on  Bank- 
ing, &c.,  1850.  7.  The  Meaning  of  W..rds  Auaiyz.ed  into 
Words  ind  Unverbal  Things,  &e..  1854.  8.  The  Phy- 
siology of  the  Senses,  1856.  Highly  commended  m  the 
Weslininster  Review  for  October,  1856.  9.  An  Encyclo- 
pedia  of  Instruction,  on  Apologues  and  Brev;als  or  Mea 
and  Manners,  1857.  See  Lon.  Athenanim.  1857,  181. 
Mr.  Johnson  has  also  puli.  a  number  of  lectures,  addressc», 
speeches,  Ac,  and  contributed  many  papers  to  the  Demo- 
cratic Review,  The  Knickerbocker  Magazine,  and  other 
periodicals. 

Johnson,  Miss  Anna  C.     1.  Myrtle  AVreaths,  Ac, 
bv  Minnie  Mvrtlc.  N.  York.  1854,  12mo.     2.  The  Iroquois, 
1855    r^mo.   '3.  Peasant  Life  in  Germany,  I808,  12mo. 
'      Johnson,    Uev.   Anthony.      Hislor.   Aect    of  the 
Eno-lish    Transhuion  of  the    Bible,   Ac,  Lon.,  1730,  Svo. 
Remitted  in  v,d.  iii.  of   Bp.  Watson's    Thenlog.    Tracts. 
!  See  CorTON,  Henrv,  LL.D.:  Lfwis   John,  No.  4 
1      Johnson,  Artemas  N.,  b.  Middlebury    Vt     1817. 
I  1.  Instructions  in  Tliorough  Bass,  1844.     2.  Choir  Chorus- 
Book     1S47.     3.  Bav  State  Collection  of   Church  Music, 
1849  '    4    Mclodia  Sacra,  1852.     5.  Handel  Collection  of 
Church  Music,  1854.     6.  Instruction    in  Harmony  upon 
the   Pestalozzian    System,   1854.     Also,  several  Juvenile 
Singing-Books.     E.litor  of  Boston  Musical  tiuzette,  and 
Bost  Musical  Journal.  „     .      ,     c  •      .i,» 

Johnson,  Arthur,  Prof,  of  Ang  o-Saxon  in  he 
Univ  of  Oxford.  Tr.ms.  of  Teuneman  s  Manu.al  of  the 
Hist,  of  Philosophy,  Oxf.,  1832,  Svo. 

.'To  the  student  of  Philosophy,  I  know  of  no  work  >n  En.?'* 
likely  to  prove  half  so  U9eful."-HAVW.VRD,  m  lus  tram.  0/  Oixllie. 
Johnson,  Ben.     See  Jonson. 

Johnson,  Ben.  Poems,  1700.  This  is  an  edit,  of 
Bishop  King's  Poems,  ( 1657,)  with  a  new  Wle  page. 

Johnson,  Ben,  Jr.  Poems,  being  a  Miseeaine  of 
Seriousness,  Wit,  Mirth,  and  Mysterie;  Composed  by  W. 
S..  Gent.,  L.m.,  1672.  sm.  Svo 

Johnson,  Rev.  Benjamin.  Poems,  Lon.,  1,99,  Svo. 
Johnson,  Benjamin  Pierce,  h.  1,95  at  (.anaa^, 
NY.  Report,  as  Commissioner  from  New  York,  on  the 
Great  E.xhibition  of  the  Industry  of  a  1  Nations  held  at 
London,  1851,  Alliany,  1852.  Edited  Transactions  of 
NY.  Stite  Agricultural  Society,  1846-55,  8  ™ls  Svo.  Ed. 
Jour.  N.Y.  Srate  Agricultur.al  Soc,  1850-o5,  4  vols.  Svo. 
Eil  Central  N.Y.  Farmer,  1842-44,  3  vols.  Svo.  Con- 
trbuted  agricultural  articles  to  U.S.  Patcnt-Othce  ep. 
Trans.  U.S.  Agricultural   Soc,  and  various    agricultural 

Journals.  „    „       „  t  ioin    Q,.n 

Johnson,  C.  F.  T.     Cancer,  Lon-  If"'  S^  0. 

Johnson,  C.  II.     Prize  Poem,  1809,  12mo. 

Johnson,  Charles,  d.  1748,  was  noted  »yl>«  ^"'^or 
of  nineteen  plays,  and  for  being  impaled  by  Pope  in  the 
Dunciad.     See  Gibber's  Lives,  vol.  v.;  Biog.  Dr.ain at 

Johnson,  Captain  Charles.  1.  Genera  H.st.  of 
the  Pyratcs  of  New  Providence,  Ac,  Lon.  1724,  8vo 
1707  0  vuls.  Svo.  This  is  an  interesting  vol.  to  the  col- 
lecior  of  American  History,  containing  the  adventures  of 
Blackboard  and  his  capture  by  Lieut.  JIaynard,  the  life 
and  career  of  Capt.  Kyd,  Ac.  2.  Lite  o  E hz.  Mann  1 ,  24 
3.  Hist,  of  Highwaymen,  Pirates,  Ac,  1734,  fol.  Be.t  e  1. 
North's  copy  sold  for  £12.  Some  of  the  copies  bear  dato 
l-a"-  2ded  1742,  fol.;  1839,  2  vols.  p.  Svo;  1840,  12mo, 
with 'addits.  by  C.  Whitehead.  Again,  1853,  8vo  Tb.3 
work  contains  upwards  of  100  biographies  of  notorious 

''''johnson,  Christopher,  M.D.  1.  Councell  against 
the  Pla.'ue,  Lou.,  1577,  Svo.  2.  Ranarum  et  Murium 
Pugna,  L,itino  versu,  douato,  ex  Homero,  1580   4to 

Johnson,  Christopher.     Med.  Essay,  1813,  8vo. 

Johnson,  Cuthbeit,  M.D.  Con.  to  Med.  C^^.,  1780. 


jon 


JOH 


Johnson,  Cuthbcrt  W.,  Barrister-at-Law,  Ims  pub. 
a  nuitjber  of  agricultural  wurks,  &c.,  one  of  the  must  iin- 
portiiut  of  which  is  The  Farmer's  Encyclopaedia  and  Dic- 
tionary of  Rural  ASuirs,  Lon.,  184:2,  8vo. 

*'  A  work  containing  a  great  collection  of  useful  facts  in  every 
branch  of  rural  economy." — Pro/.  Lowers  Jgriculture^  it\i  ed.,  105. 
"  One  of   the    best    class." — Dr.   Lindley,   in    The    Gardener's 
ChrnmcU. 

"  I  consider  it  entitled  to  an  easily-accessible  place  in  the  library 
of  every  enlightened  agriculturist." — From  an  address  by  J.  S. 
Skinner. 

See  a  list  of  Mr.  Johnson's  agricultural  works  iu  Do- 
naldson's Agricalt.  Biog.,  127-128.  And  see  Emerson, 
GouvKHNEUR,  M.D.,  in  this  Dictionary. 

Johnson,  L>.     PracticaMediciuie.  &c.,  Lon.,  1502, 4to. 

Johnson,  Mrs.  D,  The  Brothers;  a  Nov.,  1813,  3 
vols.  ll.*mu. 

Johnson,  E,  A.,  Prof,  of  Latin  in  the  Univ.  of  New 
York.  1.  Select  Oni liens  of  M.  Tullius  Cicero,  with  Notes 
for  Colleges,  &g.,  N.  Yurk,  1850.  12mo. 

Johnson,  Edward,  emigrated  from  Kent  to  Now 
England  in  lOuO,  pmbably  with  Governor  Winthrop.  lie 
was  the  author  of  History  of  New  England  from  the 
English  Planting  in  1028  until  1652;  or,  Wondcr-Working 
Providence  of  Ziou's  Saviour,  Lon.,  1G54,  4to.  Reprinted 
in  Mass.  Hist.  See.  Collec,  second  series.  See  Allen's 
Amer.  Biog.  Diet.,  and  authorities  there  cited. 

Johnson,  Edward.     On  Prayer,  Lon.,  1740,  Svo. 

Johnson,  Edward,  Surgeon.  1.  Life,  Health,  and 
Disease,  Lou.,  IS^j",  p.  8vo.     Many  eds. ;  last  ed.,  1851. 

"  W'c  liave  never  read  a  treatise  so  popularly  written,  and  we  think 
it  is  likely  to  benefit  the  community." — Church  of  Eng.  Qtiar.  liev. 

Also  commended  by  other  authorities. 

2.  Nuces  Phiiosophiea;;  or,  The  Philosophy  of  Things, 
as  Developed  frjm  the  Study  of  the  Philosophy  of  Words, 
1841,  8vo.  Monthly  Nos,  1.-9.,  in  all  pp.  536.  This 
work  has  eliciterl  bnth  commendation  and  ridicule.  A 
specimen  of  the  hitter  will  be  found  in  Blackw.  Mag.,  1. 
740-746.  3.  Dumcstic  Practice  of  Hydropathy ;  several 
edits.  Newed.,  1854,  8vo.  Mr.  J.  has  written  other  works 
on  llydropnthy. 

Johnson,  Fubinn.     English  Forces,  1591,  4to. 

Johnson,  Francis,  a  zealous  Browuist,  pub.  several 
treatises  in  defence  of  his  sect,  10011-17. 

Johnson,  Frank  Grant,  M.D.,  b.  Janunry  30,1825, 
at  East  Windsor,  Hartford  Co.,  Conn.,  graduated  at  the 
Wesleyan  University.  Middletown,  Conn.,  1S49,  and  at 
Castleton  Medical  College,  Vermont,  1S51;  Principal  for 
two  years  of  the  Wethers  tield  Academy,  Conn. ;  now  (1 857  J 
practising  medicine  in  Brooklyn,  New  York,  Author  of 
Johnson's  Philosophical  Charts,  designed  fir  schools  and 
academies,  consisting  of  a  series  of  ten,  each  3  feet  by  4 
feet,  pub.  by  A.  Ranuey,  New  York.     Highly  commended. 

Johnson,  G.  \V.  The  New  Biographical  Magazine, 
Lon.,  1793,  3  vols.  8v'o.  PuIj.  periodically,  in  96  Nos., 
with  portraits. 

Johnson,  George  William.  1.  Hist,  of  English 
Gardening,  Lou.,  1S29.  Svo.  2.  Kitchen  and  Flower  Gar- 
den. 18mo.  3.  Principles  of  Practical  Gardening,  1845, 
fp.  Svo.  4.  Dictionary  of  Modern  Gardening,  Lon.,  1846, 
12mo.  New  ed.,  1851,  p.  Svo.  Amer.  ed.,  with  addits., 
by  David  Landreth,  Phila.,  1847,  r.  12mo. 

*'Tlie  labours  of  the  American  editor  have  fitted  it  for  the  United 
States,  by  judicious  additions  and  omissions." — SiUimun's  Journal. 

5.  The  Gardener  Complete,  in  12  vols.  12mo,  or  iu  3 
thick  vols.,  1847,  &g.;  again,  1853. 

Contains  the  potato,  cucumber,  grape-vine,  auricula, 
asparagus,  pineapple,  strawberry,  dahlia,  and  the  peach, 
—their  history  and  mode  of  cultivation,  with  plates. 

6.  The  Cottage  Gardener,  1849-55,  14  vols.  imp.  Svo  j 
pub.  annually.     Otlier  works. 

Johnson,  Henry.  Logography,  Lon.,  17S3,  Svo. 
This  book  teaches  the  art  of  printing  words  entire,  by  their 
radices  and  terminations,  insvcad  of  by  single  letters. 

Johnson,  Herman  31.,  D.D.,  b.  in  Otsego  co.,  N.Y., 
1815,  Prof,  of  Phil,  and  Eng.  Lit.  in  Dickinson  College, 
Penna.  Herodoti  Orientalia  atque  ^gyptiaca :  Pt.  1, 
Orientalia  Antiquiura,  N.  York,  12mo.  Pt.  2  will  consist 
of  the  ^Egyptiaca  and  the  Orientalia  Recentiora. 

Johnson,  Hnmphrey.     Arithmetick,  1710,  Svo. 

Johnson,  Isaac.     Serms.,  173'J,  '40,  both  Svo. 

Johnson,  J.     Psilter,  Lon.,  1707,  8\'o. 

Johnison,  J.     See  Gii.L,  R.  W. 

Johnson,  J.  Reliques  of  Ancient  English  Architec- 
ture, Lon.,  1856,  imp.  4to;  with  80  large  engravings. 

'■Comprises  the  choicest  examples  in  England  of  the  Norman, 
rirst-Poiiited,  Mixed.  Middle-Pointed.  Decorated,  and  Third-l'ointed 
Btylos  of  Ecclesiastical  Architecture." 

Johnson,  J.  B.  1.  The  Dog,  and  bnw  to  Break  him, 
liOn.,  1851,  p.  Svo.  2.  The  Gun,  and  how  to  Use  it,  1851. 
97\) 


Johnson,  J.  C.  1.  Juvenile  Oratorios,  Boat.  2. 
Flower  Festival  ;  or,  Pilgrims  of  the  Rhine. 

Johnson,  J.  E.  Analyt.  Abridgt.  of  Kent's  Com- 
mentarier!  on  Amer.  Law,  N.  York,  1839,  Svo. 

Johnson,  James.  Schediasuiata  Poetica,  sive  Epi- 
grainmatnm  Libellus,  Londini,  1615,  Svo. 

Johnson,  James,  d.  1774,  Bishop  of  Gloucester,1752 ; 
trans,  to  Worcester,  1759.     Serms.,  1753-59. 

Johnson,  James.     Con.  to  Med.  Com..  &c.,  1777,  '94. 

Johnson,  James.  The  Scots  Musical  Museum,  Lon., 
1787-1803.  6  vols.  Svo.  Newed.,  1839.  6  vols.  Svoj  again, 
edited  by  Wm.  Stenhouse,  Edin.,  1853,  4  vols.  Svo.  This 
work  has  been  alread^^  noticed  in  the  lifeof  RobertBurna, 
q.  V.     See  also  Blackw.  Mag.,  i.  377  :  xxiii.  704. 

Johnson,  James,  Surgeon,  R.N.  The  Oriental  Voy- 
ager, Lnn.,  18117.  Svo.  Descrip.  of  St.  Helena,  1815;  and 
three  me<lical  work.s  1813-18. 

Johnson,  James.  1.  Medical  Guide,  &c.,  Lon.,  1792, 
Svo.  2.  Jurisprudence  of  the  Isle  of  Man,  Edin.,  1811, 
'15.  8vo. 

Johnson,  James,  M.D.  Medical  Works,  &c.  See 
his  Life,  bv  hid  son,  Lou.,  1846,  Svo. 

Johnson,  James  R.     The  Medical  Leech,  1816,  '17. 

Johnson,  John.     Arithmetick,  Lon.,  1623,  Svo. 

Johnson,  John.  Academy  of  Love,  describing  the 
Folly  of  Youngc  Men,  and  the  Fallacy  of  Women,  Lon., 
1641,  4to.  This  book  contains  an  account  of  Love's  Li- 
brary, in  which  Shakspeare  and  other  English  poets  are 
noticed. 

Johnson,  John,  1662-1725,  a  learned  Non-juror, 
educated  at  Camliridgc;  Vicar  of  Cranbronk,  Kent,  1707. 
1.  Paraphrase  on  the  Book  of  P?alms,  1706,  '07,  Svo.  2. 
Clergyman's  Vade-Mecum,  1708;  6th  ed.,  1731.  2  vols. 
12mo.  A  valuable  work.  3.  Oblation  in  tho  Eucharist, 
1710.  4.  The  Unbloody  Srtcritice  and  Altar  Unvailed  and 
Supported,  Svo:  Pt.  1,  1714;  Pt.  2,  1717;  2d  ed.,  1724. 
Newed.,  (being  tho  3d  ed.  of  Pt.  1,  and  the  2ded.of  Pt.  2,) 
in  the  Oxf.  Lib.  of  Anglo-Cath.  Theol.,  1847,  2  vols.  Svo. 

"A  work  which,  thon-h  now  little  rmd.  cuntains  many  useful 
tniths  and  great  leanihi.:.  '■Mml)in,-d.  \\i-  adiiiil.  with  some  opinions 
which  we  cannot  reci-ivr.nnd  witli  iis^ertimis  to  which  we  can  affix 
no  distinct  meanini;;." — Bridsh  Crilic. 

5.  Collect,  of  Ecclcs.  Laws.  1720,  2  vols.  Svo.  New  ed., 
1850,  2  vols.  Svo.  6.  The  Life  of  J.  Johnson,  by  llev.  Thos. 
Brett.  With  three  of  his  Tracts  and  Corrcsp.,  1748,  Svo. 
See  Life,  by  Dr.  Brett,  Genl.  Diet. ;  Biog.  Brit. 

Johnson,  John,  minister  iu  Liverpool,  pub.  a  number 
of  theolng.  treatises  and  serms.,  Lun.,  1755-81. 

Johnson,  John.  1.  Military  Estab.  of  tho  K.  of 
Prussia;  from  the  French,  Lou.,  1780,  Svo.  2.  Trifles  in 
Verse,  1796,  Svo. 

Johnson,  John.    Laws  rel.  to  Gaming,  .tc,  1787,  Svo. 

Johnson,  John,  LL.D.,  Vicarof  North  Minims,  sub- 
sequently Rector  of  Yaxham,  pub.  two  serms.,  1794,  '95, 
edited  his  kinsman  Cowper's  trans,  of  the  Iliad  and  Odys- 
sey, 1802.  4  vols.  Svo,  his  Poems  and  Life,  1815,  and  his 
Private  Corie.-;pondoncc,  1824,  2  vols.  Svo. 

Johnson,  John.     Agricult.  Improvements.  1S14. 

Johnson,  John.  Journey  from  India  to  England  in 
1817,  Lnn.,  184S,  Svo.     This  was  trans,  into  French. 

Johnson,  John,  a  native  of  Cheshire.  Typographi- 
cal and  Literary  Autiijuities  of  G.  Britain,  from  the  Infancy 
of  Printing.  Lou.,  1824;  three  sizes, — viz.:  2  vols.  32mo, 
£1  10s.;  2  vols.  12mo,  £3;  2  vols.  Svo,  £4  4».  In  this 
work  Mr.  J.  was  assisted  by  Drs.  Dibdin.  Wilkins,  and  Fry, 
the  Rev.  H.  Baber,  Ac.     It  is  a  valuable  work. 

Johnson,  L.  U.  Memoria  Technica:  Art  of  Abbre- 
viating DitBcult  Studies,  Bost.,  1847.  Svo.  This  work, 
which  has  reached  the  3d  ed.,  is  highly  commended  by  the 
N.  York  Teacher's  Advocate,  &c. 

Johnson,  Laura.  Botanical  Teacher,  N.  Haven, 
1834,  12mo. 

Johnson,  Lonisa.  1.  Practical  Family  Cookery, 
Lon.,  1839.  12mo.  2.  Every  Lady  her  own  Flower-Gar- 
dener; Uth  ed.,  Lon.,  1855,  18mo.     14th  ed.  since  pub. 

"All  lady  floriculturists  should  possess  it."— Naval  and  Military 
Gti^dte. 

Joliusou,  M.  J.  Astronomical  Observations  at  Ox- 
ford. Oxf..  1845-55,  13  vols.  r.  Svo,  £7  lOs. 

Johnson,  Mary  F,     Poems,  Lon.,  1810,  12rao. 

Johnson,  i>Iatthe\v.     Norfolk  Pilgrim,  1703.  Svo. 

Johnson,  31aurice,  d.  1755,  an  antiquary  of  Spalding, 
Lincolnshire,  contributed  jiapers  to  Phil.  Trans.,  Trans,  of 
Soe.  of  Antiquaries  of  London,  and  the  Gentleman's  Lite- 
rary Society  of  Spalding,  of  which  he  was  the  founder. 
See  Hist,  of  the  Spalding  Society ;  Nichols's  Lit.  Anec.  ; 
^linutes  of  the  Soe.  of  Antiquaries,  London.  Ho  collected 
memoirs  for  the  History  of  Carausius. 


JOH 


Jol.nso..,  O.  W.,  ana  Kev.  W.  Winf.eld.     The 

"^  ^ohnsou,  U.,  I..D.     Ap.l.gy  for  «-  Clergy     .o9  4  o. 
Jol.usou,  K.     1.  Study  uf  H.story,  Lon.,    i72   12",o. 
2   Kiw  (ia/..ais:  ,.i-.  (leugrapliical  Companion,  1  ( (0,  l^mo. 
•  Jol.i.so.1,  K.  G.     An  Historical  Aceountol  the  First 
SettkuKu,  at  Sal.m,  in  West  Jersey   Phila    18o9,  24mo. 
Joliiisoii,  Ralph.     Orthography,  ic.,  Ibbi,   77. 
Johnson,  Uichard,  pnb.  several  works,  now  very 
rare   a.n.Mv  which  are— 1.  The  Nine  Worthies  ol  London, 
Lon     1  j'12    4to.     This  vol..  in  prose  ami  verso,  is  repnutecl 
in  li'arleian  xMiscelh.ny.     Bibl.  Anglo-Poet.,  4114,  £2d.     J. 
Conceiles  of  Old  Hobson,  1607,  4to.     3.  The  1  anions  IIis- 
torie  of  the  Seven  Champions  of  Christendom,  4to;  again, 

^""O'r  I'lUicr  a  superior  cast:  the  adventures  are  not  jriginal.hu' 
it  is  by  no  means  a  translation  from  any  single  work.  —HaUams 
Lit   liist.  i>f  tJirrp,;  4tli  eJ.,  1S54,  ii.  218. 

Johnson,  Richard,  d.  1720,  teacher  at  Nottingham, 
England,  1707-20,  pub.  several  grammatical  works,  ffic., 

'  Johnson,  Robert.     Essaies  ;    or,  rather,  Imperfect 

Oaers,  Lon.,  1007,  ISmo.  !,„,/,„,,', 

■■  V.-iy  sensible,  acute,  and  ingenious  disquisitions.  —Bryages  s 

■'''johnson,''Ro'bc'rt.  Relations  of  the  most  famous 
Kin-doMis  and  Coonnonweallhs,  Lon.,  1616  4lo. 

jShnson,  K.-bert.     Sorms.,  1621,  ■24,  '2,    all  4to. 
Johnson,  Robert.     Med.  treatises,  10S4,  &c. 
Johnson,  Robert.     Trial  of  Passiugham,  Ac.,  1S05. 
Johnson,  Robert  W.,  M.D.    Med.  works,  ie.,  1.86. 
Johnson,  S.     Poems,  Lon.,  1.71,  "12,  81. 
Johnson,  Samuel,  1640-1703,  a  native  of  Warw.ck- 
Bhire.  educated  at  Trinity  Coll.,  Cambridge,  Rector  of  Cor- 
rin'-bam  Essex,  1670,  and  subsequently  chaplain  to  Lord 
■Wifliam  Russell,  distinguished  himself  by  his  courageous 
opposition  to  the  despotism  of  James  II.  and  this  monarch  s 
efforts  to  extend  Popery  in  Great  Britain.     He  pub.  several 
controversial  treatises  and  sermons,  of  which  a  collective 
ed.,  with  his  life,  was  pub.  in  1710,  foL;  in  1713,  fol. ;  and 
again  in  1737,  f"l.     In  1682,  he  pub.  Julian  the  Apostate, 
jnleudcd  to  disprove  the  doctrine  of  passive  obedience  to 
the  government.     This  work  was  (as  we  have  already  seen, 
p.  841  of  this  Dictionary)  answered  by  Dr.  George  liickes, 
in  his  Jovian,  1673,  Svo.     But  it  was  more  eflectually  an- 
Bwered  by  the  powers  that  be,  for  the  zealous  partisan  was 
sentenced  to  pay  a  fine  of  oOO  marks,  and  was  thrown  into 
prison  unlil  he  should  discharge  it.     Nothing  daunted  by 
this,  Johnsort  again  took  up  his  pen,  and  in   16bb,  at  tbe 
instigatioiW  Hugh  Speke,  a  fellow-prisoner,  drew  up  an 
Address  to.the  Protestants  in  tbe  King's  Army,  (then  en- 
camped op  Hounslow  Heath,)  urging  them  not  to  obey 
illenally'-commissioned  officers. 

"  i'or  both  these  publications,  his  spirit  w.as.  doubtless,  deserving 
of  the  highest  applause."— Sir  J-IMES  Macki.mosh  ;  Kevitw  of  the 
Causes  ot  tlic  Remluliim  of  IdiS.  „ 

The  government  thought  otherwise:  "Julian  Johnson 
(for  so  he  was  now  called)  was  sentenced  to  stand  thrice  on 
the  pillory,  and  to  be  whipped  from  Newgate  to  Tyburn. 
This  barbarous  sentence  was  carried  into  e.Keeutiiui,  and 
three  hundred  and  seventeen  stripes  failed  to  make  the 
patriot  wince.  Alter  the  Rev.dution,  he  was  compensated 
by  King  William  for  his  sufferings.  At  least  ho  received 
a  present  of  £1000,  a  pension  of  £300  a  year  for  two  lives, 
and  his  son  was  taken  into  the  public  service. 

"  His  morals  were  pure,  bis  reli-inus  feelin-s  anient,  his  learning 
and  abilities  not  contemptible,  bis  ja,l-n.r,,t  weak,  lus  temper  acri- 
moiiicus,  turbulent,  and  uucomiuei  ubly  stubborn.  — i  .B.Mac.iulay  . 
Hid.  of  England,  vol.  i.  ,  .    ,      ,        ,        t>- 

See  also  vol.  iii.,  and  authorities  cited  in  both  vols. ;  Biog. 
Brit.;  Genl.  Diet.;  Birch's  Life  of  Tiliotson;  Kettlewell's 
Life;  Comber's  Life  of  Comber;  Chalmers's  Biog.  Diet.; 
Mackintosh,  %ibi  supra.  _ 

John  Dryden,  whose  impure  muse  and  time-serving 
spirit  could  neither  understand  nor  respect  a  mau  of  Jolui- 
son's  purity  aud  dauntless  courage,  disgraced  himselt  by 
endeavouring  to  ridicule  "Ben  Jochanan."  as  ho  called 
the  .author  of  Julian,  but  we  have  ample  testimonies  ot  the 
excellence  of  the  latter :  .  .  ,-f    „, 

"  I  never  knew  a  man  of  better  sense,  of  a  more  innocent  life,  or 
of  greater  virtue,  than  Mr.  Samuel  JohnB0n."^7o/i»  Hampden  to 
the  Duchess  of  Mazarine.  ,       ,        -      i 

The  works  of  Johnson  are  by  no  means  to  be  despised, 

*"a  verr'reinarlcable  writer.  1  do  not  know  where  I  could  put 
mv  hand'^ipon  a  book  containing  bo  much  sense  and  sound  consti- 
Sional  doctrine  as  this  thin  folio  ot  Johnsoii-s."-S.  T.  CoLERinoE 
Johnson,  Samuel,  Vicar  of  Great,  and  Rector  of 
Little  T.nain.'ton,  pub.  a  number  of  separate  serms., 
Thirty.Sii  Select  Discourses,  Lon.,  1740,  2  vols,  bvo,  and 


JOII 

an  Explanation  of  Scripture  Prophecies,  Reading,  1742, 

^  Johnson,  Samuel,  an  actor,  d.  1773  was  the  author 
of  Hnrlothrumbo,  a  Comedy,  some  other  dramatic  pieces, 
&c.  1729-41.     See  Biog.  Dramat.  . 

Johnson,  Samuel,  D.D.,  1696-1772  a  native  of 
Guilford,  Conn.,  grad.  at  Yale  College,  1714;  minister  of 
West  Iliiven,  1720  ;  received  Episcopal  ordination  m  i^ng- 
land  1723,  and  in  November  of  the  same  year  settled  at 
Stratford,  Connecticut,  as  a  missionary;  President  (the 
first)  of  King's  College,  New  York,  1755  to  '63,  when  he 
returned  to  his  old  charge  at  Stratford.  He  pub  several 
controversial  tracts  in  favour  of  Episcopacy  l,o3,  &c. ,  a 
System  of  Morality,  1746;  a  Compendium  of  Logic,  Wo-, 
a  Sermon,  an  English  Grammar,  and  a  Cateelusm,  176o, 
a  Hebrew  Grammar,  1767;  and  some  theolog.  treatises. 
Serhis  Life,  by  Rev!  Dr.  Thos.  B.  Chandler,  1S05;  agam, 

"^Johnst'n^Samne,,  LL.D.,  Sept.  18.  17«9-Dec.l3 
1784,  one  of  the  most  distinguished  writers  of  any  ago  o 
countrv,  was  a  native  of  Lichfield,  where  his  father  carri  d 
on  the"  business  of  a  bookseller  with  more  respectabili  y 
than  profit.     After  a  course  of  preparatory  >ns  ructimi  in 
Mr.  Hunter's  academy  in  his  native  town  andat  Mr.  West- 
worth's  school  at  Stourbridge,  he  was  in  his  nineteenth 
year  (1728)  entered  of  Pembroke  College    O.xford,  where 
he  rcuiaincd  for  three  ye.ars,  returning   home  «'ll'»"'^ 
de-rce  in  1731.     In  1732,  he  became  usher  to  a  school  in 
M.°rket-Bosworth,  but  found  this  appointment  so  distaste- 
ful that  in  a  few  months  he  threw  it  up,  and  removed  to 
Birmingham,  where  he  found  partial  eniployment  as  eon- 
tributor'to  a  newspaper  published  by  a  Mr.  ^   arren,  a  book- 
seller of  that  place.     It  was  for  this  gentleman  that  he 
composed  his  fl'rst  published  work-an  abridged  translation 
into  English  from  the  French  of  Father  Lobo  s  Voy.age 
into  Abyssinia.     His  reward  for  this  performance  was  the 
nconsiderable  sum  of  five  guineas.     In  1736,  he  was  mar- 
ried to  Mrs.  Porter,  the  widow  of  a  Lichfield  trader,--a  lady 
of  vulgar  manners,  lond  voice,  florid  complexion,  and  ne-arly 

double  his  age,  and  with  eight  V""^:'^"  .P""  u'lh'';  th^ 
in  the  funds.     The  uewly-married  pair  thought  that  this 
small  fortune  could  not  be  belter  employed  than  in  the 
fitting  up  of  an  academy  at  Edial.  near  Lichfield;  and  ac- 
cordingly the  public  was  soon  advised  of  the  opening  of 
an  iustifution  which,  fortunately;  or  the  cause  ot  let  ers 
was  destined  soon  to  be  closed.     Three  pupils  on  y-Da^  id 
Garrick  and  his  brother  being  two-"  thronged  the  doors 
of  this  respectable  seminary.     Disgusted  with  the  indiffer- 
ence or  iucrcdulity  of  his  townsmen,  the  dominie  deter- 
mined to  try  a  better  market  for  his  talents  and  learning, 
and  in  1737,  accompanied  by  one  of  his  pnpds.-he  who  in 
after-years  so  long  trod  tbe  stage  without  a  peer,— he  took 
the  highroad  for  London,  and  from  that  day  became  an 
author  by  profession.     Three  years  before  this  period-that 
is   in  1734— he  h.ad  unsuccessfully  sought  an  engagement 
as  contributor  to  The  Gentleman's  Magazine  ;  but  he  was 
now  more  fortunate  in  his  efforts,  and  from  M:irch    17.S8, 
to  1754,  was  a  regular  coadjutor  to  honest  Edward  Cave, 
in  whose  life  in  this  Dictionary  we  have  already  relerred 
to  this  profitable  connexion.     At  times,  indeed   the  poor 
scholar  was  reduced  so  low  in  his  finances  as  to  be  obliged 
o  live  upon  fourpence  halfpenny  per  day,  and  tl^en  roam 
the  streets  at  night  with  Savage,  or  some  other  brother  in 
misfortune,  for  w.ant  of  a  lodging. 

In  1738,  Johnson  was  employed  upon  a  translation  ol 
Father  Paul  Sarpi's  History  of  the  Council  of  Trent,  which 
was  discontinued  by  Dodsley  and  Cave  in  ^""s^y""'""  "f 
a  rival  translation  by  another  Samue  Johnson  ft  "  ° 
Mav  of  this  year,  1738,  that  our  author  gave  to  the  world 
London,  a  Poem,  in  imitation  of  the  Third  Satire  ol  Ju- 
venal ■  L  production  which  was  so  immediately  successlul, 
hat,  to  qiote  the  quaint  language  of  a  critic  in  the  Gen- 
tleman's Magazine,  it  became  "remarkable  for  having  got 
to  the  second  edition  in  the  space  of  a  week.  11  so  hap- 
pened that  London  appeared  in  the  same  day  with  fope  s 
Satire  of  173S,  and  the  youthful  author  had  no  reason  to 
regret  the  coincidence,  for  people  saul,  "  Here  is  an  un- 
kmjwnpoetgreater  even  than  Pope."  .     ,     n  ,-. 

Pope  set  young  Richardson  to  work  to  find  out  who  this 
formidable  rival  was.  Richardson  reported  that  he  had 
discovered  only  that  "his  name  was  Johnson,  and  tliat  he 
was  some  obscure  mau."  "  He  will  soon  be  delerre,  re- 
nlied  Pope.  This  was  not  the  only  instance  in  which  he 
displayed  a  commendable  generosity  to  the  rising  star,  for 
from  the  perusal  of  London  alone  he  recommended  him  to 
Earl  Gower  when  Johnson  (in  thenextyear)sougbtadegrce 
"  to  (lualify  him  for  the  mastership  of  a  charity-sc jooh 


JOH 

Of  this  and  of  some  later  portions  of  Johnson's  life 
we  find  «,me  no  ,ces  contributed  by  ourselves  some  ye  s 
s.nee  to  Putnam's  Magazine,  (New  York,  Anril   1864  rand 

[rj:i;s':::;"rpre?''--''^'' -' ^-'--o  .uoteiben' 

The  siiiiilnrii.y  between  London  and  Pope's  satirical  vein 
a  .:"^  di^r;r  ;'';  •'"■^  X^""y  °f  ""«■-  Wishes  ess";" 
own  lacetious  manner: 

deal"of  wlfafwrn""^  much  with  the  Herveys.  and  saw  a  good 
Svcly  a"d  fasv^uC'i'''  'h  "'''  ''"  """■  '"^  I"^n<ion,  which  is 
vl,L,„?  1;^'      „'"  '"'  became  more  retired,  lie  eave  us  his 

JCon  toS^SL^.^M"'''  "'"*   '"  "«  ''"^1  »«  Grei?!^    l,ad  be 

wrot"''a^n^;  l'"'',''f"'   ""]''  ^'''•''''   "^y  °''^    schoolmaster 
To  thee      Hn  T      '""■' ''  '^"^  f  "^''  ?'"="'  "■ '' '«  ""  «'-<'''k 
to   enr:    f     w  i"  ""'""  '"  ""='='  "  ^oftencd  a  greater  man 
'"/^ai^s,  for  Waller  Scott  tells  us, 
IP.'J     I  ''"'■?  "'"^   patlletic   morality  of   T!,e   Vavitv  of  Human 

or;igt^pSss^rtirrtif^i"'''°-"^"-^---^"^ 

Ay,  ,t  drew  tears  from  the  eyes  of  the  author  himself 
George  Lewis  Scott  describes  a  very  interestin.^  little  familv ' 
gathenng  at  Thrale's,  when  Dr.  Johnson  read  aloucT  hi" 
^^  l^h     ''  ;^™""""S  'he  difficulties  of  the  poor  stru. 
glmg  scholar,  he  "burst  into  a  passion  of  tears"     PoSr 

sei ";: '  .::r,r™v ",'  '""^^  ■'.^^^ ""'°  '^^  -^-^i^ed  him 
rSot'  utrd"'°''p? "'  '"'"'''■'" ''"'  ^^^^  --'"d' 

.L  ,    f  "•'■^  "'^  ^^""''y  ""^en  he  wandered  in  the 

dev,  Lrh'"",'"''^  '"'"'"t''  ^"•''  '-  ""^  g"'-!^  of  po^rty! 
behX  ','•""'  '^"'■ni-^hed  by  the  hand  of  char   y 

dtin  changed  ;"w'  ^"""^  ^'^  ^--^^"'^  '  ^ow  had  his  con: 
of  •.  1,,  ?^  f  "^^ ,""""'  ""*  '°''"'='  "'  tlx'se  outpourinc-s 
of  a  grateful  heart  which  gush  forth  in  his  ouiet  hou?s 
of  meditation  and  solemn  seasons  of  prayer  'ihe  !:re-  t 
Being  on  whose  guidance  and  protecUon  he  had  e*onfi 
de  tyre  led  in  the  day  of  destitutioo  and  hour  ol  trial 
had  no  disappointed  his  hopes,  lie  had  "brought  him 
to  great  honour,  and  comforted  him  on  every  s  de^'  Th^ 
fo  hrl^lff  •  "'"'  v'""'^"  ^'  ^""-  arroga'^t  and  hlrsh 

I  would^not  take  ll'^J/rn  rrurvviSu.h:^^.''''^"^  '"'  '  * °^'"'  ^"^ 

In  1744   the  reputation  of  the  voung  author  was  ctmHv 

increased  by  the  publication  of  thj  Life  of  Richard  .Oe 

Plan  o'tbe'D™ r"'  ""^^P.^^  '™^  ''""°"^J  in  17  6  fl' 
Plan  of  the  Dictionary  of  the  English  Language-  in  1749 
by    he  representation  of  the  tragedy  of  Irene    ind  the 

wa.  ^ivL  f/tb'  '"m  '■'  ""^  ^"■"'''^'•'  The  D ictiona  y 
TlM's  to  AnK?  rf-n',"  «"' '  ,"=''  "'"  '^•'"^^  <■-»  April 
edit  onof  Sh^  1     '  •  .K'"'^'^l"«  "»s  pub-  in  1759;  the 

edition  of  Shiikspeare,  with  Notes,  in  1765-    The  FaI.e 

.^^"i'Jf,  -rST't'^f '^  ""  ""=  '""^  Transaluon! 
Ishn  s°of  S  ''11'    ^'''"1%''"'  ••  ^■^'"'^"'^y  to  'he  Western 
islands  of  bcotland,  and  The  Patriot,  in   1774:  Taxation 

he  wmld      Thi"^      ^^  "'"'^'!  ""^y  """^  "hout  giving  to 

Cow  e      ji.lton.  Gray,  Di-yden,  and  Pope  are  lo^a:^ 
the  best  ,n  point  of  literary  workmanship.     The  ed  of  The 

in  60  V   Is"         ^    '^  """'  ""e'°""y  P^^fix-ed,  1779-81,  was 
in  DU  Vols,  sm.  8vo    nr  f*»    +'?   i(i=       a  oi      i  ' 

ir9U,  in  75  vols    liu^o!    '  ^  ^'^  '''•  ""'  ?"''.  in 

A  chronological  and  detailed  list  of  Johnson's  writings 
-  Inch  we  think  It  unnecessary  to  quote  in  thisXe- 
"  n  Vw"rk  '°,  "r  ^''P--'""""  '»  '^"^"^"■^  Life  of'^John- 
^  niT..!    f        ■"''  ''^'^  """'''  'he  life  of  the  great  lexico- 

^r^m;;:rt'i;;:;!':;;;rir::^;sr  ^'  :?^^  ^'-^  ^^-'^ 

X.on   .  n^rre/by  Oeor^fn^r^Uc^ir'a^C^r.^ 

i^-^h;m[:==Lnri-e:tirb:-'r 


JOH 


I  jected  to  that  harassing  literary  drudgery  for  which  few 
men  were  so  ,11  qualified,  and  still  fewer  would  have  Vo 
bravely  endured.     We  must  not  forget  to  mention,  before 

j  leaving  this  division  of  our  subject,  that  in  1765  John-on 
r„",-M    Ibe  degree  of  M.A.  from  the  University  of  O-xfort 

'  in    nel."'  nd'th""  "'  "-""  •>-"  Trinity  College,  Dublin 

j  1775  ^"""^    compliment   from    Oxford    in 

The  only  complete  edition  of  Johnson's  Works  U  thnt 
!  pub.  at  O..ford,  by  Talboys  and  Wm.  Pickering   in  1   25 
m     1  vols.  8vo-Tho  O.xford  Classic  Edition.     The  eon 

ter?  n  nf"R""n''"'-Tv;  ^'''^'  """'"''■  «-^'^h,s;  Let- 
ters,  IL,  III.  Rambler;  IV.  Adventurer;  Idler;   V    Mis 

cellaneous  Pieces;  VI.  Reviews;  Political  Tracts  Lives  of 
Emment  Persom,;  VIL  Lives  of  the  Poets:  Cuw  ey  Den.  ' 
ham  Miton  Eutler,  Rochester,  Roscommon.  ^6tway 
Waller,  Pomfret,  Dorset,  Stepney,  J.  Philips,  W.alsh  D  y: 
den,  bm,  h  Duke,  King,  Sprat,  Halifax,  Parnell  Garth 
Rowe,  Addison  Hughes,  and  Sheffield;  VIIL  LivLs  o?  the 
•1,  V  ^""'•S""""'--'''''  Blackmore.  Fenton,  Gay  Gran 
viUe,  lalden,  Tickell,  Hammond,  Somervile,  Sava/e  Swtft 

cTlinT'/"'''^,'''"-  ■^''""""°'  ^*'^"^'  A-  Philip^  Wes  : 
Collins,  Dyer,  Sbenstone,  Young.  Mallet,  Akenside  Grav 

Th  Y''^'Z\  ^l  •'""""y  '<"h«  Hebrides;  Vision  o^f 
Theodoric;  The  Fountains,  a  Fairy  T.ile;  Pravef"  and 
Meditations;  Sermons;  Index  to  vols,  i.-ix  ;  X,  xTAr 
liamentary  Debates,  1740-43 

notice  ""l  7sV°Poe7''p"  "'  distinguished  subject  of  our 
nonce.  1,  as  a  Poet;  2,  as  an  Essayist;  3,  as  a  Lexico 
grapher ;  4,  as  a  Critic.  We  shall  also  bri;fly  revfew-S 
the  peculiarities  of  his  style;  6,  his  appearance  man 
racTer."  "<'°^'-"- ^  ''  "is  moral  and  religious  "ha- 
1.  Dr.  Joh.nson  as  a  Poet 

,  "  '  *'""'"=y  mankind  from  China  to  Pern  ' 

James  Baliantyne  remarks  of  Sir  W.alter  Scott,-a  com 
ment  of  whose  upon  the  pathos  of  The  Vanity  of  HumL" 
W  ishes  we  have  already  quoted  •  .auman 

..b''f\T  '*"'  "'  ""''  'he  last  line  of  MS.  that  Scott 
Sumrn  t^I.r  ""^  ^  ''"•'"'"»''   <■--  ^"^  Vanitfof 

^^^:;u;ri^sTo^^::;^^'-:r'::;i^;-- 

satirist  from  the  a^^mSw?  im     ."^s  „f  DrTlPn  ^  "'  "L"  ,""'■'« 

s«!'i=;,n^;jfi;irss  ^p^^^^^^^ 

j;^am,y  tiir  interior  to  ^S^^t^S^^^Z^^Z^;^:^ 
responding'    ,,k,d'./™™'-«»;^'"S  o"',  '■>  "'"y  passage  cor- 

did  wond,:,,si;_"i,,.'.:f„s;*^^     '^"  •*"  p^^^^'o-'-hich  h. 

'Ti'^'^'i.''!''  '".i""  ""'SSling  muso  with  pain 
Po.,..  J'."'h  '0"g  <1  to  launch  into  a  nobler  strain  ■ " 

That  his  tragedy  [Irene]  was  a  great  faUme  on  the  stage  ha. 


JOH 


bo-n  already  related;  that  it  is  of  extreme  dulness,  of  a  monotony 
aU.."etlier  insufferable,  and  therefore  tires  out  the  reade!--*  patience 
quite  as  much  as  it  did  the  auditoi-'s,  is  true;  that  most  of  his 
lesser  pieces  are  only  things  of  easy  and  of  fairly-successful  execu- 
tion is  likewise  certain,  ^vith  perhaps  the  exception  of  his  yerses  on 
Robert  Ley-tfs  death,  which  haye  a  sweetness  and  tenderness  sel- 
dom found  in  any  ot  his  compositions.  But.  had  he  neyer  wn  ten 
any  thiu>'  after  the  Imitations  of  Juyenal.  his  name  would  ha^e 
g„L  down  to  posterity  as  a  poet  of  great  excellence,-^ne  who  only 
did  not  reach  equal  celebrity  with  Pope,  because  he  came  after  him, 
and  did  not  assiduously  court  the  muse.  „„„„ 

•■  In  truth  these  two  pieces  are  admirable,  both  for  their  matter, 
their  diction,  and  their  yersification.  ...  Of  Johnson's  Latin  yerses 
it  remains  to  speak,  and  they  assuredly  do  not  rise  to  the  Icyel  of 
hi<  Km-lish  nor  indeed  aboye  mediocrity.  The  translation  of  Pope  s 
Messiah,  howeyer,  a  work  of  his  boyhood,  gaye  a  promise  not  tul- 
filled  in  bis  riper  years."— Lord  Beouoham:  Lives  of  Mm  oj  Ixt- 
(erj!  of  the  Time  of  George  III. 

2.  Dk.  Johnson  as  an  Essayist.  _ 

Under  the  head  of  essays,  we  may,  without  much  vio- 
lence to  strict  classification,  add  Johnson's  political  pamph- 
lets, his  Parli.unentary  Debates,  and  his  tale  of  Rasselas, 
to  the  periodical  papers  of  the   Kambler,   the  Idler,  &c. 
The  first  number  of  the  Rambler  was  pub.  on  Tuesday, 
March  20,  1749-50,  and  the    last  on  Saturday  the  17th 
(Hth,  in  fact)  March,  1752,  208  numbers  in  all,  issued 
every  Tuesday  an<l  S-iturday.  without  the  loss  of  a  single 
publication-day.      Would  that  all  authors    who    seek    to 
advance    the  interesis  of  reliaion  and  morality  were  as 
conscientious  as  the  author  of  The  Rambler,  in  imploring 
the  aid  of  divine  grace,  '■  without  which  nothing  is  strong, 
nothinc  is  holy."     "Grant,  I  beseech  thee,"  supplicates 
the  pio'us  wrUer,  "  that  in  this  undertaking  thy  Holy  Spirit 
may  not  be  withheld  from  me,  but  that  I  may  promote  thy 
glory,  and  the  salvation  of  myself  and  others."     The  Ram- 
bler excited  but  little  attention  at  first.     Croker  seems  to 
question  Payne's  assertion  to  Chalmers,  that  Richardson  s 
essay,  No.  97,  was  the  "only  paper  which  had  a  prosper- 
~     ous  sale  and  was  popular."     But  the  ladies  will  side  with 
Payne,  when  they  discoyer  by  inspection  what  "No.  9v 
is  about      We  shall  not  inform  them,  and  indeed  we  strictly 
forbid  any  of  our  female  readers  to  turn  to  this  mysterious 
paper.     If  in  this  Blue-Beard  prohibition  we  meet  with  the 
same  measure  of  obedience  which  was  accorded   to  the 
gentleman  just  named,  we  ought  not  to  be  surprised      The 
good  Doctor  was  sorely  put  to  it  to  find  a  name  for  his 
child.     He  told  Sir  Joshua  Reynolds, 

•■What  must  be  done,  sir,  trill  be  done.  When  I  began  publish- 
in-  that  paper  I  was  at  a  loss  how  to  name  it.  I  sat  down  at  night 
uimn  my  bedside,  and  resolved  that  I  would  not  go  to  sleep  tdl  I 
bad  fixed  its  title.    The  Hambhr  seemed  the  best  that  occurred, 

and  I  took  it."  . 

The  Doctor  wrote  the  whole  of  the  208  papers,  with  the 
e'tccption  of  four  billets  in  No.  in,  by  Miss  Mulso,  (a,fter- 
wards  Mrs.  Chapone;)  No.  30,  by  Mrs.  Catherine  Talbot; 
No  97,  by  Richardson  ;  and  Nos.  44  and  100,  by  Elizabeth 
Carter.  Of  Johnson's  2114,  thirty  only  were  "  worked  up 
from  previously-prepared  materials.  After  a  tune,  the 
Rambler  gained  the  public  ear;  and,  this  secured,  the 
public  voice  soon  followed.  Cave,  the  publisher  of  the 
paper,  received  a  number  of  commendatory  letters,  news- 
paper-verses appeared  in  its  pr.aise,  and  James  Elphinston 
(see  p.  555  of  this  Dictionary)  superintended  an  Edinburgh 
edition,  which  followed  the  London  issue.  Richardson 
wrote  to  Cave  that  Johnson  was  the  only  man  who  could 
write  them ;  which  Caye  admitted,  but  complained  that, 
good  as  they  were,  they  were  ceri/  slow  sale.  Even  cor- 
pulent Mrs.  Rambler,  who  had  never  been  suspected  of 
very  extiuisitc  literary  sensibilities,  was  moved  by  these 
eS'usions  of  the  "  gude  man's,"  and  rewarded  his  labours 
with  the  very  handsome  speech.—"  I  thought  very  well 
of  you  before,  but  I  did  not  imagine  you  could  have 
written  any  thing  equal  to  this."  .i,      v   j 

Notwithstanding  the  tardy  sale  at  first,  the  author  had 
the  satisfaction  of  surviving  ten  editions  in  London  alone. 
We  must  not  conceal  the  fact  that  some  unreasonable 
beings  complained  of  the  erudite  dignity  of  the  style, 
and  "declared  that  tho  author  (a  true  "Yankee  trick  it 
would  now  be  called)  used  the  hard  words  m  the  Rambler 
in  order  to  render  his  Dictionary— of  which  the  Pros- 
pectus had  been  issued  a  short  lime  before— indispen- 
sably necessary. 

Edmund  Burke,  who,  like  most  truly  great  men,  ex- 
celled in  wit  and  humour,  said  that  Johnson's  ladies— his 
Misellas,  Lorimas,  Properantias,  and  Rhodoclias— were 
all  "Johnsons  in  petticoats."  This  is  much  of  a  piece 
with  Goldsmith's  telling  Johnson  that  if  he  were  to  com- 
pose a  work  in  which  Utile  fishes  had  to  converse,  he 
would  make  them  all  talk  like  'jrcnt  whales! 

In  his  contributions  to  the  Adventurer,  the  Doctor  uses 
the  stilts  less ;  he  walks  more,— perhaps  occasionally  runs. 


JOII 

Yet  majestic  diction  was  as  natural  to  a  man  who  thought 
in  rounded  periods  as  was  a  disjointed  chaos  ol  the  parts 
of  speech  to  many  of  his  critics.  So  far  from  the  elabo- 
rate verbal  architecture,  an.xiously  built  up  and  painlully 
cemented,  wliich  the  reader  supposed,  the  Ramblers  were 
written  just  as  they  were  wanted  for  the  press;  indeed,  at 
times  the  first  half  was  in  type  before  the  remaiuder  was 

on  paper.  .     ,i,„ 

Boswell  relates  an  amusing  anecdote  relative  to   the 
Italian  edition  of  the  Rambler:  ,_     ,.  j  ^ 

"  A  foreign  minister,  of  no  very  high  talents,  who  had  been  in 
the  compaSy  for  a  considerable  time,  quite  ""'''ri?'.';''"^' "'"Pj':"'^ 
luckily  to  mention  that  he  had  read  some  of  his  K.ambler  in 
Itali  n,  andTdmired  it  much.  This  pleased  him  [Johnson]  greatly 
ieoSryed  that  the  title  had  been  translated  lUJenio  Lrrante 
though  I  have  been  told  it  was  rendered,  more  ludicrously.  II 
\"vgabando;  and,  fimUng  that  this  minister  K^^'J.f'";^' ^  P^f^"' 
his  taste  he  was  all  attention  to  him.  and  on  the  first  remark 
which  he  mtde.  however  simple,  exclaimed,  •  The  amb.-issador  says 
we  11,  s  Excellency  observes;'  and  then  he  expanded  and  enriched 
ttie  1  t  e  that  had  been  said  in  so  strong  a  manner  that  it  appeared 
something  of  consequence.  This  was  exceedingly  entertaining  to 
tte  c  m  pfny  who  were  present,  and  many  a  time  afterwards  it  fur- 
nished a  pkasant  topic  of  merriment.  -Tl.e  ambassador  says  <if 
uiame  a Wable  term  ot  applause  when  no  weighty  matter  had 

''Tt'desen''e''s"to  be  noticed  that  the  llOlh  number  of  the 
Rambler  (on  Repentance)  was  the  means  of  deciding  the 
Rev  James  Compton,  of  the  English  Benedictine  Monks 
at  Paris,  to  leave  that  body  and  embrace  the  I  rotestant 
faith  How  many  devotees  of  the  Greek  Church  it  would 
have  converted  we  have,  unfortunately,  no  means  of 
knowin"  Yet  the  author  thought  at  one  time  that  it 
was  abolit  having  the  opportunity  presented  to  it.  Some- 
how or  other  he  heard  that  the  Empress  of  Russia  had 
ordered  a  translation  of  the  Rambler  into  the  Russian 

language :  .         .        .^     tir 

"  So  "  says  the  author,  with  a  complacent  smile,  1 
shall  be  read  on  the  banks  of  the  Wolg.a.  Horace  boasts 
that  his  fame  would  extend  as  far  as  the  banks  of  the 
Rhone ;  now,  the  Wolga  is  farther  from  me  than  the  Rhone 
from  Horace."  .  ,     ,  » 

Whether  this  was  the  work  of  some  wicked  wag,  or  not, 
we  cannot  tell ;  but  we  believe  that  the  Russian  edition 
of  the  Rambler  is  even  scarcer  than  any  "liber  rarissi- 
mus"  which  tantalizes  the  "  helluo  librorum"  in  the 
"  choice  catalogues  of  Thomas  Thorpe."  ,    .     ,  . 

We  have  seen  how  greatly  the  Rambler  was  admired  m 
the  select  circles  which  gave  law  to  the  Republic  of  Let- 
ters of  that  day.  The  Doctor  fully  endorsed  all  that  was 
«aid  in  praise  of  his  essays,  and  observed,  not  without 
truth  of  his  Rambler,  that  he  "had  laboured  to  refine 
our  language  to  grammatical  purity,  and  to  clear  it  from 
colloquial  barbarisms,  licentious  idioms,  and  irregular 
combinations,  and  that  he  has  added  to  the  elegance  of 
its  construction  and  the  harmony  of  its  cadence. 

But  it  is  not  to  be  supposed  that  the  voice  of  admiration 
was  the  only  one  to  be  heard  :  ;,  ,  .  .      v, 

•'  The  Rambler,"  remarks  a  celebrated  hterary  and  fashionable 
lady  of  the  day,  "is  certainly  a  strange  nlisnomer:  he  ahv.aya 
plods  in  the  beaten  road  of  his  predecessors,  following  the  Specta. 
to?  (With  the  same  pace  as  a  packhorse  would  do  a  hunter)  m  tho 
style  that  is  proper  to  lengthen  a  paper.  These  writers  may,  per- 
ha,  s  be  of  serylce  to  the  public,  wliich  is  saying  a  great  deal  in 
their  favour.  There  are  numbers  of  both  sexes  who  never  read 
any  thing  but  such  productions,  and  cannot  spare  time  from  doing 
nothi  g  fo  go  through  a  sixpenny  pamphlet.  Such  gentle  readers 
may  be  improved  by  a  moral  hint  which,  though  repeated  over  and 
mer  from  generation  to  generation,  they  never  heard  m  their  ll^es. 
I  should  he  glad  to  know  the  name  ot  this  laborious  author.  — 
lAnT  Mart  WoKllxr  Montagu  :  Works,  Lon.,  1803,  6  vols.  8vo;  vol. 

"•■  As'°an  essayist,  he  merits  more  consideration,  [than  as  a  poet 
and  dramatist.]  His  Ramblers  are  in  everybody  s  hands.  About 
fhem  oninions  vary,  and  I  rather  believe  the  style  of  these 
S-s  "^not  now  considered  as  a  good  model,  -Tliis  he  corrected 
S  his  more  advanced  age,  as  may  be  seen  1°  h''  I-^«  "f  'he 
Poets  w"ere  his  diction,  though  occasionally  elaborate  and  highly 
metaphorical,  is  not  nearly  so  inflated  and  ponderous  as  in  the 
Ramblers."— .tfemoi"  of  Bicli  and  Camherland:  Samuel  Johnson. 
"  His  Ramblers  are  in  every  body's  hands,"  says  Cum- 
berland; but  his  Memoirs  were  pub.  in  1806,  and  now,  in 
1856  _balf  a  century  later,— this  can  no  longer  be  said;— 
nor  indeed,  could  it  have  been  truly  said,  for  many  years 


^"^^ Where  is  the  man  who,  having  turned  his  thirtieth  year-  pe- 
ruses Rasselas  or  the  Rambler  ?"—i>*<im's  Lib.  ihmp.,  ed.  1825, 

*■''■  Nobody  now  reads  the  Rambler  or  the  Idler,  and  the  colossal 
reputation  of  Johnson  rests  almost  entirely  upon  his  profound  and 
caustic  savings  recorded  in  Boswell."— Sir  ABCfflu.ALl.  Alison:  is- 
says.  PoIU.  Hislar.  and  iliscel.,  Edin.  and  Lon.,  ISsO.  ii.  4'-I. 

But  Sir  Archibald  certainly  speaks  in  haste :  the  Ram- 
bler and  Idler  are  still  read,  and  will  always  be  read,  and 
that  to  the  great  profit  of  the  readers.     We  should  not 


jon 


JOH 


omit  to  notice,  in  passing,  that  Sir  Archibald  pays  a  high  [ 
coiDplimeiit  to  tho  essays  of  JohniiOD.     See  Hist,  of  Eu- 
rope, 1S60-52,  chap.  v. 

In  the  whole  course  of  our  "Johnsonian  readings"  we 
have  met  with  nothing  upon  this  subject  which  pleased  us 
hotter,  as  a  lucid  exposition  of  the  truth  upon  this  suhject,  [ 
than  the  fallowing  remarks  of  a  learned  American  di- 
vine,— one  of  the  most  prufound  thinkers,  and  certainly 
one  of  the  best  writers,  of  the  age  : 

"  It  has  been  aslccd,  with  omphasia,'  Who  now  reads  tho  Ramhlcrr 
And  it  is  indubitable  that  this  book,  which  once  exerted  so  mighty 
an  influence  on  the  English  language  and  people,  has  given  place, 
at  least  in  general  reading,  to  works  of  far  inferior  merit  and  in- 
terest. Tho  reason  seems  to  be.  that  its  object  is  wellnigh  accom- 
plished. It  commenced  with  a  standard  of  morals  and  language 
elevated  far  above  the  prevailing  style  of  nmrals  and  of  writing.  It 
has  elevated  both,  and  has  brought  the  English  langiiage  and  no- 
tions of  morality  to  its  own  Icvd.  Nor  is  it  wonderful  that  men 
should  regard  with  loss  intercut  a  work  which  noiv  is  seen  to  have 
no  very  extraordinary  ek^-atmn.  It  is  a  component  part  of  Eng- 
lish literature,  having  fixed  itself  in  the  language,  the  style,  and 
the  morals  of  the  English  people,  and  fak^-n  its  jilaco  as  an  inte- 
gral, almost  undistinguished,  part  of  tin-  niiliijn:il  |»rinciples  of 
writing  and  morality.  The  result  is  that,  wliile  the  bcnfjits  of  the 
Rambler  may  be  diffusing  themselves,  unperceived.  to  almost  all 
the  endearments  of  the  fireside  and  virtues  of  the  community,  the 
book  itself  may  be  very  imperfectly  known  and  nnfrequently  pe- 
rused. Johnson  maybe  alimt.st  forgot  ten,  except  in  praise;  but  his 
mighty  power  is  yet  sendinL'  fortli  ;<  mild  influence  over  lands  and 
seas,  like  the  gentle  movements  of  the  dew  and  the  sunbeam." — 
Rev.  Ai-BEPT  Barnes:  Christian  Spectator,  1832;  and  in  his  Miscell. 
£ssai/s  and  Bei-iews,  N.York,  1S55,  i.  126. 

To  the  same  effect  writes  Sir  James  Mackintosh  : 
'•  Some  heaviness  and  weariness  must  be  felt  by  most  readers  at 
the  perusal  of  essays  on  life  and  manners,  written  hko  the  Ram- 
bler; but,  it  ought  never  to  be  forgotten  that  the  two  most  popular 
writers  of  the  eighteenth  century,  Addison  and  Johnson,  were  sucii 
efficacious  teachers  of  virtue  that  tln-ir  writings  may  be  numbered 
among  the  causes  which  in  an  impoitant  degree  have  contributed 
to  preserve  and  to  improve  the  morality  of  the  British  nation." — 
Mackijitosh's  Life,  Lon.,  1S35,  2  vols.  8vo. 

*'  The  publication  of  the  Ramblpr,  though  not  very  successful 
during  its  progress,  stamped  the  character  of  the  author  as  one  of 
the  first  moral  writers  of  the  age.  and  as  eminently  qualified  to 
write,  and  even  to  improve,  the  English  languagp."-^SiR  Walter 
Scott:  Life  of  Samud.  Johnson,  JitibcdL  Prvse  Wurhs,  Abbotsford 
ed.,  Edin.  and  Lon.,  1850,  lii.  296. 

"It  would  not  be  easy  to  name  a  book  more  tiresome — indeed, 
more  diflScult — to  read,  or  one  which  gives  moral  lessons  in  a  more 
frigid  tone,  with  less  that  is  lively  or  novel  in  the  matter,  in  a  lan- 
guage more  heavy  and  monotonous.  The  measured  pace,  the  con- 
stant balance  of  the  style,  becomes  quite  intolerable,  for  there  is 
no  interesting  truth  to  be  inculcated  remote  from  common  observa- 
tion, nor  is  there  any  attack  carried  on  against  difficult  positions, 
nor  any  satirical  warfare  maintained  either  with  opinions  or  with 
persons."— Lord  Brouoham  :  Lives  of  Men  of  Letters  of  the  Time  of 
George  III,  Lon.  and  Glasg.,  lSo5,  347. 

Mr.  Hazlitt  is,  if  possible,  still  more  severe  in  his  stric- 
tures on  the  Rambler,  We  can  quote  but  a  few  lines  of 
his  critique : 

"After  closing  the  volumes  of  the  Rambler,  there  is  nothing 
that  we  remember  as  a  new  truth  gained  to  tho  mind,— nothing  in- 
delibly stamped  upon  the  naemory;  nor  is  there  any  passage  that 
we  wish  to  turn  to,  as  embnflying  any  known  principle  or  obsen-a- 
tion  with  such  force  and  beauty  that  justice  can  only  be  done  to 
the  idea  in  the  anthor*s  own  words." — On  the  Feriodical  Essayists. 
We  cannot  resist  the  temptation  of  quoting,  by  way  of 
contrast  to  the  above,  a  line  or  two  from  the  enthusiastic 
commendation  of  the  author  of  Clarissa: 

"I  am  inexpressibly  pleased  with  them. ...  I  hope  the  world 
tastes  them ;  fur  its  own  sake  I  hope  the  world  tastes  them.  ...  I 
would  not,  for  any  consideration,  that  they  should  be  laid  down 
through  discouragement."— ^HiUfiZ  Hichardson  to  Ojwe,  Aua.  9, 
1750.  '        ^     ' 

Perhaps  Rasselas,  -which  is  quite  as  much  of  an  essay, 
or,  rather,  series  of  essays,  as  it  is  a  novel,  is  even  still 
more  neglected  than  the  Rambler.  Tho  fervid  eulogy  of 
Johnson's  greatest  biographer  is  well  known,  but  we  must 
find  room  for  it  in  our  pages : 

"This  tale,  with  all  the  charms  of  Oriental  imagery,  and  all  the 
force  and  beauty  of  which  the  English  language  is  capable,  leads 
us  through  the  most  important  scenes  of  human  life,  and  shows  ns 
that  this  stage  of  our  being  is  full  of  •  vanity  and  vexation  of  spirit.' 
The  fund  of  thinking  which  this  work  contains  is  such  that  almost 
every  sentence  of  it  may  furnish  a  subject  of  long  meditation.  I 
am  not  satisfied  if  a  year  passes  without  mv  having  read  it  through : 
and  at  every  perusal  my  admiration  of  th'"-  mind  wliich  produced  it 
is  so  highly  raised  that  I  can  scarcely  believe  1  had  the  honour  of 
enjoying  the  intimacy  of  such  a  man.'"— Buswell. 

We  give  some  other  opinions  upon  this  once-celebrated 
production.     Hazlitt  is  less  enthusiastic : 

"Rasselas  is  the  most  melancholy  and  debilitating  moral  specu- 
lation that  ever  was  i>ut  forth."— 0?i  the  IWiixiical  Essayists. 

Dr.  Young,  on  the  contrary,  calls  Rasselas  "a  mass  of 
sense." 

"The  work  can  scarce  be  termed  a  narrative,  being  in  a  great 
measure  void  of  incident :  it  is  rather  a  set  of  moral  dialogues  on 
the  various  vicissitudes  of  human  life,  its  follies,  its  fears,  its  hopes, 
its  wishes,  and  the  disappointment  in  which  all  terminate.  The 
Btyle  is  in  .lolmsun's  best  manner,  enriched  and  rendered  sonorous 
974 


by  the  triads  and  quaternions  which  he  so  much  loved,  and  ba^ 
lilnced  with  an  art  which,  perhaps,  he  derived  from  the  karucd  Sir 
Thomas  Browne." — Sir  Walter  Scott:  Lfe  of  John^^'-n. 

"In  his  Rasselas  we  have  much  to  admire. ami  i-oough  to  make 
us  wish  for  more.  It  i-  lln'  wnik  r>t';in  ilhuiiiiiated  TiiiiKl.  and  offers 
many  wise  and  deep  r-  IT  ■  ii-n-  >  I  .tin  d  in  I "■.nu  it nl  an-l  iKiraionioue 
diction.  We  are  not.  imb  r-ii  i";iiiiili;ii-  with  MH.ii  pei'si.iujges  as  John- 
son has  imagined  fur  the  eliaiiicieis  ut  his  fable;  but.  if  we  are  not 
exceedingly  interested  in  their  story,  we  are  infinitelj'  gratified  with 
their  conversation  and  remarks." — Cumberland's  JUemuirs:  Samud. 
Johnmii. 

"  No  prig  shall  ever  persuade  me  that  Rasselas  is  not  a  noble  per- 
formance in  design  and  in  execution.  Never  were  the  expenses  of 
a  motlier's  funeral  more  gloriously  defrayed  by  a  son  than  the  fu- 
neral of  Samuel  Johnson's  mother  by  the  price  of  Rasselas,  written 
fur  the  pious  purpose  of  laying  herheaddecently  and  honourably  in 
the  dust." — CHRit-TOPER  North:  Noctcs  AvtbmnancF,  April,  lS:i9 

The  admirer  of  Johnson  will  be  grateful  to  us  for  ex- 
tending our  quotations  from  Professor  Wilson.   Always  elo 
quent,  the  enthusiastic  Christopher  strikes  even  a  higher 
chord  than  is  his  wont  when  the  author  of  the  Rambler 
becomes  his  glowing  theme: 

"  He  had  noble  faculties  and  noble  feelings ;  a  hate,  high  as  hea- 
ven, of  wickedness ;  a  ecorn.  as  high,  of  all  that  was  base  or  mean ; 
wide  knowledge  of  the  world,  of  London,  of  life;  severe  judgment; 
imagination  not  very  various  perhaps,  but  very  vivid,  and,  when 
conjoined  with  such  an  intellect,  even  wonder-working,  in  realms 
that  seemed  scarcely  of  right  to  belong  to  the  solemn  sage.  Wit- 
ness the  Happy  Valley  of  ]{asselas.  and.  indeed,  all  that  as-yet-un- 
surpassed story,  where,  on  the  wings  of  fancy  and  feeling,  you  are 
wafted  along  over  the  earth,  yet  never  lose  sight  of  its  flesh-and- 
blood  inhabitants,  working  and  weeping,  yet  not  unhappy,  still,  in 
their  toils  and  their  tears,  and  dying  but  to  live  again,  in  no  cold, 
glittering,  poetic  heaven,  but  in  the  abodes  of  bliss,  seen  by  the 
eyes  of  nature  through  religion,  builded  in  the  skies." — T/ie  Man 
of  Tov^  a  Satire;  in  BfacJcw.  Mag..  June.  1828;  and  in  WilsotVs  Es- 
says. Critical  and  hnaginative.  Edin.  and  Lon.,  1856,  i.  231. 

"  The  reader  who  first  attempts  the  Abyssinian  Candide  feels 
that  he  has  imposed  on  himself  a  task  rather  than  found  a  plea- 
sure, or  even  a  relaxation.  The  manner  is  heavy  and  little  suited 
to  the  occasion ;  the  matter  is  of  a  very  ordinary  fabric,  if  it  is  safe 
and  wholesome;  there  is  nothing  that  shines  except  the  author's 
facility  of  writing  in  a  very  artificial  style,  as  Boon  as  we  are  in- 
formed, by  external  evidence,  of  the  whole  having  been  written  in 
a  few  nights.  He,  perhaps,  had  some  kind  of  misgiving  that  it 
was  not  a  successful  effort,  ftir  he  had  never  looked  at  it  till  two- 
and-twenty  years  after  it  was  written,  when,  a  friend  happening  to 
have  it,  who  was  travelUng  with  him,  Johnson  read  it  with  some 
eiigerness." — Lonn  Buougham  :  Lives  of  Men  of  Letters,  dc. 

The  noble  critic  just  quoted  considers  Johnson's  political 
pamphlets  and  his  occasional  tracts  as  far  superior  to  his 
moral  essays;  and  he  especially  comtnends  Taxation  no 
Tyranny,  and  the  review  of  Soamo  Jenyns's  Treatise  on 
the  Origin  of  Evil.  The  last-named  production  has  al- 
ready come  under  our  notice  in  our  life  of  Soame  Jenyns. 
The  eloquence  of  the  Parliamentary  Deflates  was  of  so 
high  an  order  that  Dr.  Francis  declared  that  of  Demos- 
thenes to  be  inferior;  and  Voltaire  did  not  scruple  to 
affirm  that  the  Greek  and  Roman  orators  had  revived  in 
the  British  f^enate. 

3.  Dr.  Johnson  as  a  Lexicographer. 
Before  the  appearance  of  Johnson's  great  work  (in 
1755)  the  English  were  sadly  in  want  of  a  good  lexicon 
of  their  langunge.  The  one  in  use — not  without  consider- 
able merit — was  that  of  Nathan  Bailey,  which  we  have 
already  noticed  in  our  life  of  that  industrious  philologist. 
English  scholars,  therefore,  had  to  endure  in  silence  the 
sarcasm  of  the  Abbe  le  Blanc,  who  declared  that  such 
was  the  passion  for  the  English  tongue  that  the  French 
had  made  it  one  of  the  learned  languages,  and  that  even 
their  women  studied  it,  and  yet  that  there  was  not  so 
much  as  a  good  dictionary,  or,  rather,  a  tolerable  gram- 
mar. We  shall  not  be  expected,  in  the  limited  space  to 
which  we  are  confined,  to  enter  into  any  consideration  of 
the  philological  dispute  of  the  day  respecting  tho  com- 
parative merits  of  the  dictionaries  of  Johnson,  Webster, 
Richardson,  and  others.  Like  the  valet  dc  chambre  in 
the  Vicar  of  Wakefield  who  read  so  many  magazines, 
though  they  quarrel  among  each  other  we  dearly  love 
them  all,  and  keep  the  most  important  of  them  by  our 
elbow.  As  regards  orthography,  wc  certainly  do  not — as 
every  page  of  this  volume  testifies — follow  the  example 
of  our  countryman,  whilst  we  should  undoubtedly  feel  en- 
titled to  ridicule  without  mercy  the  stolidity  of  the  tyro 
who  should  undertake  to  compare  the  meagre  philological 
attainments  of  Dr.  Johnson  with  the  amazing  erudition, 
in  this  department,  of  Dr.  Noah  M'cbstcr. 

We  had  iutended  to  quote  some  criticisms  of  Drs. 
Webster  and  Richardson  on  the  execution  of  Johnson's 
Dictionary;  but,  as  such  quotations  would  involve  the 
necessity  of  an  impartial  presentation  of  both  sides  of  the 
question, — for  whieh  presentation  we  lack  both  space  and 
time, — we  shall  content  ourselves,  and,  wc  trust,  our  read- 
ers, with  the  citation  of  a  few  opinions,  which  (with,  per- 
haps, the  exception  of  Lord  Brougham's)  are  not  to  be 


JOH 


considered  as  instituting  «ny  comrar.son  between  John- 
son's  Dictionary  and  the  two  wi>i.ii  liave  only  recently,  in 
bei    ne rfected  sl.ape,  been  subuutted  to  the  puhUc  eye. 

The  Doctor,  »ith  his  usual  foresight,  bad  adopted  an 
exce  cut  mode  of  diseouragins  ^"  "'l^^^r'  'id  W,  n' 
admitting  in  his  admirable  preface  that  "a  few  wild  b  n- 
ders  and  risible  absurdities  might  for  a  time  fnrn>.^h  folly 
tith  bu-hter  and  harden  ignorance  into  contempt 
Now,  as  no  reviewer  is  particularly  desirous  of  bc.ng  c  n 
iidered  either  a  fool  or  an  ignoramus,  we  may  vvell  sup- 
s,dered  ei  nei  ^^^^^  contented  to  praise 

ir:r  they  could  ami  to  be  silc^  where  they  disapproved 
We  may  remark,  in  this  conne.vion,  that  it  seems  ha  d ly 
wort  w^hile  for  us  to  re,,eat  the  old  and  7;"-';"°™/'°  ,>^ 
r  Johnson's  impertinent  and  unjust  letter  to  the  E.xi 
of  Che.terfield.  It  is  not  to  be  forgotten,  h"«<=™  •  "'" 
the    EaiFs   suggestions    upon    the    prospectus   were    all 

"'^^ufMl'tbrtvi^w  for  April,  ,755.  wa.  enlarged 
..  fo  r  pa..es  extraordinary,"  and  even  then  the  usual 
eata  o-ue  of  new  books  omitted,  to  make  room  for  a  eo- 
,  us  notice  of  the  Dictionary,  in  "hich  some  imperf 
tions  are  rather  hinted  at  than  enumera  ed  Tho,  a  .  r 
on  in  a  letter  to  his  brother,  after  a.lmitting  that  the 
preface  was  noble,  and  the  history  of  the  language  pretty 
?,  V'  complains  that  "strokes  of  laxity  --^ ."-'?^, 
"ere  plainly  to  be  perceived."     "Laxity  and  indolence 

There  ^  ^^'"^y'  ''«  '°  '^'  '''"^'  °'  '"""  '        '  T'T'      t 
ndustV  there '^vere  also,  else  tl>e  Dia.onary  had  neve 

seen  the  light.  In  our  life  of  Wsr.  Ar,u.s,  D.D.,  p.  •. 
of  th  s  Dictionary,  we  have  quoted  some  remarks  o 
Job,  son  upon  this  theme,  to  which  the  reader  is  referred. 
The  book  sold  well,  for  a  second  edition  was  pub.  witlun 
a  year  This  was  a  great  triumph  for  the  author,  who 
deelaml  that,  of  all  his  acquaintances,  there  were  only 
two  who,  upon  the  puldication  of  the  work,  did  not  en- 
deavour to  depress  him  with  threats  of  censure  from  the 
pubUc!orwithoy.c«,-oa»  lc.r.ed/ro,n  those   who  Icanud 

his  I>i'-ti'™»ry  Ui  conf«s..d    n    ,    1        •  s.    lie  »^^^  ,„ 

he  bhnself  expressly  df  erih.Ml  tu  ,n    I  1>     evoun 

a  dUigent  perusal  of  all  sucli  l.uKli.h  wnt  is  as     en  m 

to  tl,?ir  language,  and  under  fvery  sent  ',      ,    '  ,,  'V.^/the 

quote,  he  drew  a  line,  andnot..-d  in  ''^.f.  ["  '  ,    ,,  '  ,,,1  .1,.  -.■  Looks 

^.„rd  under  which  .t  --    [^  -    ^ ,  ?/„  '  m  a  separate  slip  of 

to  his  clerks,  who  ti    n.,  ''\     11^^^^^^^  Bytbese 

paper,  and  arranged  U.-.n^rt^^^^^^ 

S^a^^  .^e  wbirariangemcnt  was  ^P>."b;^-'Vi,^™; 
Wave  the  definitions  of  tlieir  meanings,  and  cuU.'C  cd  '""',.y 
^^Ses'ft'om^kinner.  .Tunius.  and  other  wnters™ 

Amlrew  Millar's  exclamation  of  delight  at  the  recepuou 
ofllilalt  sheet  was  less  reverent  than  Johnson's  pmus 
reioader  We  do  not  wonder  at  Millar's  impatience  Ihe 
"three  y^ars"  stipulated  for  the  undertaking  proved  to  bo 
more'tb'an  seven,  and  the  copyright-money  (£15-5)  ha, 
lon<'  been  in  the  hands  of  the  lexicographer:  we  say  ic 
K-for  little  went  into  his  pocket,  alter  satisfying  tbe 
demands  of  his  six  amanuenses  and  discharging  other  ex- 
penses incurred  in  the  prosecution  of  tbe  work 

But  we  promised  a  few  quotations  respecting'  tbe  Dic- 
tionary and  it  is  quite  time  they  were  before  the  reader, 
fn  tbe^same  year  1755)  of  the  appearance  of  the  review 
I  J  hnWs  Dictionary  in  the  Monthly  Review,  am,  her 
by  Dr.  Adam  Smith,  the  political  economi.st.  was  pub.  " 
the  (ild)  Edinburgh  Review.     Sir  James  Mackintosh  tells 

"""This  review  of  Johnson's  Dictionary  is  chiefly  valuable  as  a 

^"S:;i^"i"H!!;sr'^he'j:ir7j=:^i^'"f^¥ 
srSi-^ieSiiL^'^^-iSii^^^---- ^ 

habit  of  ohservmg  the  general  structure  "  1™»     B  '^    ^  p,.oach 

'^■Jy^Dietionajy.th^ghdlsting.isl.dn^ 

nor  by  the  cnidition  "'",'''",:■'  ;,Vr"  and  his  literary  know- 
^ords,  is  a  noble  monum™   n    1   "    «^;«-^^  ^^  ^^  ^^  I  ,y„p. 

SSS=SS;ri.s^^«K 

,  "     cio  WiiTFR  Scott;  Lite  of  ooiinii''''- 

"".I'iirjohl^^':  wdth  greaUabour,  h'as-eoUected  thevanonsmean- 


jon 

ings  of  every  word,  and  quoted  the  »«thorit«s:buUt  would  hare 
beth  an  improvement  if  be  had  P^  »"";"';,».%? -fta^hich  it 
precise  meanmg  of  every  w. ad,  r  t^d  ™  '^^^j  ^^j'^„,,„,  the  va. 
ought  to  be  employed  w,tl,  '1^'    ^    ■'^,^,  ^".^  J^^^h  ch  custom  had  BO 

lious  deviations  from  the  "i^^md  ™"  {'-fi^  ",  the  precise  limits 
l•arest.aldishedastoren.leroll"^^:lil'^an'1  nxwi      1    ,^  .^^ 

bev.nd  which  it  could  not  he  empl"y|-d  ^^l    ■  ''    ;^  -        j,,,,^^ 

cxnression.     Witli  t  113  view  it  w.iul'i  lia\c  ""  "  "^     ■-.,,,,  ^,  ,,,,,,-,. 
h^i.;.;  distinctions  which  take  place  y^'^"' ,^^    „     ,:■      M  m  I  ^ 
nvmous  and  with"ut  wh  eh  many  words  can  only  l>i  '\'  ■""  ' '" 
a'nannerthat  they  must  be  considered  as  "^^    >;  ^vi."       ■  '    - 

ortlie  knglish  language  ought  to  be  complied,  -i.icyc.  Bnt.,  edit. 

"!;-,^ad  j£^nS';othing  hut  bis  Bict^m^  one  nii.M  have 
traced  tiiere.a  great  mtcllect.  a  gcnume^ 

sary  to  speak  in  detail.  The  naost  ambitious  that  J^^  ^^^^^  .^ 
tionary,  wliich  is  P''W';'f''"J'""f™'h  story  of  the  English  Ian- 

|romK&  has  had  no  ----J^l  ™^4|eT£m  'the  w^lt'crl 
owing  to  the  a.hnual.le  plan  ot  SV  „ ',1'''.  .  "  _,  „f  ,he  design  is 
cited'as  authorities  fur  ™^hXo%"oc.ncatanlts  entertaining 
very  well  executed.  "™'^,'1*'=*°"';;''", ?,,,,,(  ,„k  of  d^-finition 
to  read  as  useful  to  consult.  The  "'"••'; ';,,„„„.  „,vi„„lo- 
hasl.eenIesshappilypcrformed;lmt  t.     1.       rtl-'i  ^^^^  ^.^^,.  ..^  ^ 

gical  part,  which  neither  shows  ";"•■„',.;„.,';„  have  satisfied 
goccessful  application  of  It.  {""I  ,  ,,,  ||„r  to  have  chosen 
himself  with  one  or  two  antlimiti  ..  ''':.„„  of  any  at- 
them  well  nor  consulted  them  w>lh  '  >;Y ^  '  X'e  "her  as  regards 
tempts  at  a  deeper  and  more  Pb''"^"!'','''^*' "'^'"-^^^eannot  be  said 
the  structure  or  the  grammar  o  »"  l^nS™-'';  i^,™  ,„  far  for- 
jrnattl^relJ^ke^f^fvel^'m^L^^y-Vtrlpped  him  of  it."- 

''"Ther^mv^'hee;"  Iny'Sitf  «f  Johnson's  Dictionary 
bufwe  do  n.d  think  it  worth  while  to  not.ee  any  -ve  the 

;Lr^r:^d'^5ea;nn?^;p^it^^--"^ 

of  Johnson's  own  last  folio  edit. 

\  ^^jil^hSe^et^'^'iobnson's  critical  writings 
would  7  ourse  include  many  of  his  numerous  con  bu- 
«o  to  the  (^,entleman's  Magazine,  the  Uu-ersal  Vim  or 
The  Literary  Magazine  or  Universal  Review  The  Poetica 
C  lemKr  TbeLon'l™  Chronicle,  Tbe  Critical  Review,  &e 
buhhese  articles  are  almost  all  ''^ ^l^l^^^fZZX^^^ 
general  reader,  and  of  mrrny  "-^ -^; --;  ,  ,"  ^"^^Jli^  t" 
by  n.i  means  unquestionable.  \\  hen  reicrLiiLc 
„l  critical  writings  of  Johnson,  it  ^^^f^^lXtJll    he 

^-!;rir^:l^in'th^s::r;;;e^aS^.'Treac,iof . 
?r':^ir^-:^='-""T""™'^r 

r  Pi'^fae?';^t  af   ;•  fhaUbe  pit  of  our  lance  acknow- 

iSS^wr%:i^i:e::^«^^™-S€ 

of  litrai'y  rtlqunries,  thus  despatches  the  critical  doctor 

.admirer  of  Shakspeare's  pages.    It  tht  n-me  ot  a  ^^  ^  ^^^^^    ^^^  ^^^ 

and  moralist  he  not  iTKiided  on  tlo>  nr    ,,-    ni^     ^^^ ^^^^^  ^^_ 

certainly  unskilled  ill  the  kii..«l..lu-"  ^^  ^ nvspeak- 

pi-cssions.    His  expl^,nat"ry  ""';"■:"  -luHo.'  ..lilurwill  dis- 

luE,  the  most  controvertible  of  .my .  I'lt  "       '  sentence  of 

fe^^';J^:^3yi!SS:^;-S/rs;:n^:ud^tefu,chara. 
ters  of  tho  text  of  Shakspeare. 

.hS^=riSe^rp^<s-=------ 

'' wtwe°u'remember  our  astonishment  at  Johnson's  criti- 
cism irpon  Proteus's  speech  in  the  Two  Gentlemen  of 
Verenrwhere  he  charges  Shakspeare  with  a  blunder  m 
making  the  enamoured  young  gallant  say, 

^     "  'Tia  hut  her  picture  I  have  yet  beheld,     ^_ 

And  that  hath  dazzled  my  reason  s  light.  , 

"Why,"  says  tbe  Doctor,  "he  had  an  interview  with 
Silvia    aLd  yet  talks  of  having  only  seen  her  picture! 
Thruteml  commentator  did  not  make  suthcient  allowance 
for  the  rhetoric  of  lovers.     That   there  should  be   much 
;\uable  matter,  and  many  sensible  observations,  containeU 


JOII 

in  such  a  body  of  notes  by  such  a  writer,  is  a  matter  of 
course.  The  errors  and  misconceptions  wliich  prove  the 
critic's  unfitness  for  his  taslf  afford  another  proof  of  what 
even  wise  men  often  forget.— that  no  amount  of  genius,  no 
extent  of  general  knowledge,  will  qualify  an  author  for  a 
particular  field  without  particular  preparation.  The 
Monthly  Review  (vol.  x.t.\iii.,  ITtio)  devotes  no  less  than 
thirty  pages  to  a  notice  (by  no  means  complimentary)  of 
Johnson's  Shakspeare,  and  to  this  article,  from  which  we 
bad  intended  to  quote,  we  must  refer  the  reader.  Johnson's 
edit,  of  Shakspeare  appeared  in  1765,  8  vols.  8vo.  His 
principal  predecessors  as  commentators  on  the  great  poet 
were:  1.  Rymer,  I67S;  2.  Dennis,  1693;  .3.  Gildon,  1694; 
4.  Pope,  1725;  5.  Theobald,  172(1;  6.  Peck,  1740;  7.  Sir 
Thomas  Hanmer,  1745;  8.  Grey,  1746;  9.  Warburton,  1747; 
10.  Upton,  1748;  11.  Whallcy,  1748;  12.  Edwards,  1748; 
13.  Holt,  1749;  14.  Charlotte  Lennox,  1 75.3-54;  15.  Cooper, 
1755;  16.  Howard,  1756;  17.  Capell,  1759;  18.  Heath,  1765. 
Before  we  leave  this  period — the  date  of  the  publication 
of  Johnson's  Shakspeare — we  must  refer  the  reader  to  the 
fierce  att.ack  of  Kenrick  (Goldsmith's  malignant  foe)  upon 
the  new  editor,  pub.  in  the  Monthly  Review  for  December, 
1765.  Warburton's  savage  as.-^ault  upon  Johnson,  in  re- 
venge for  his  temerity  in  modestly  questioning  some  of 
that  commentator's  critical  canons  or  annotations,  is 
e.vactly  what  might  have  been  e.\pected  from  that  amiable 
and  courteous  (!)  prelate.  See  Letters  from  a  late  eminent 
Prelate  to  one  of  his  Friends,  (Bishop  Hurd,)  1808.  dd 
272-273.  '^^ 

But  it  is  quite  time  that  we  had  turned  our  attention  to 
the  opinions  of  critics  of  a  more  modern  period: 

"  The  PreSice  to  his  Shakspeare,  certaiulv,  is  far  superior  to  his 
other  introductory  discourses,  both  fuller  of  matter  and  more  ela- 
borate, llis  remarks  on  the  great  dramatist  are,  generally  speak- 
ing, sound  and  judicious ;  many  of  them  may  even,  on  a  subject 
BufBciently  hackneyed,  be  deemed  original.  The  boldness  with 
which  his  many  critical  objections  were  offered  deserves  not  tlie 
less  praise  that  Shakspeare's  numberless  and  gross  faults  are  easy 
to  discern;  because,  in  presence  of  the  multitude,  we  might  say 
even  of  the  English  nation  at  large,  their  obvious  nature  and  con- 
siderable magnitude  luas  never  made  them  very  safe  to  dwell  upon. 
.  .  .  The  Preface  is  more  to  be  commended  than  the  work  itself 
As  a  commentator,  he  is  certainly  far  from  successful."— Loan 
Bkouoham:  Livei  of  Men  of  Letlers,  dx. 

''  Johnson  compares  him  who  should  endeavour  to  recommend 
this  poet  by  passages  unconnectedly  torn  from  his  works,  to  the 
pedant  in  Hierocles  who  exhibited  a  brick  as  a  sample  of  his  house 
And  yet  how  little,  and  how  very  unsatisfactorily,  does  he  himself 
speak  of  the  pieces  considered  as  a  whole!  "Let  any  man,  for 
instance,  bring  together  the  short  characters  which  he  gives  at  the 
dose  of  each  play,  and  see  if  the  aggregate  will  amount  to  that 
sum  of  admiration  which  he  himself,  at  his  outset,  has  stated  as  the 
correct  standard  for  the  appreciation  of  the  poet." — A.W.SchUgel's 
Zeds,  on  Dramat.  Art.  and  Lit.,  Black's  Trans.,  Lou.,  1846,  360  See 
also  pp.  305,  399. 

••  Johnson's  Preface  is  doubtless  a  great  and  masterly  perform- 
ance, evincing  a  mind  of  large  general  powers,  and  is  executed 
throughout  with  uncommon  dignity  and  effect.  There  are  those 
wtio  elevate  it  to  the  skies ;  but  there  is  also  a  considerable  number 
of  well-read  Shaksperians  who  are  far  from  bowing  with  unqualilied 
submission  to  the  critical  canons  which  it  contains.  .  .  .  Johnson's 
•  critical  summary  of  the  preponderating  merits  and  demerits  of 
each  play  should  be  always  a  concomitant  of  every  edition  of  Shak- 
speare."— Dtbdm's  Lib.  Comp.,  ed.  I8-2.5,  805. 

"  Johnson  explained  much  well,  but  there  is  something  magiste- 
rial in  the  manner  wherein  he  dismisses  each  play  like  a  boy's 
exercise,  that  irritates  the  reader.  His  criticism  is  frequently  ju- 
dicious, but  betrays  no  ardent  admiration  for  Shakspeare  "—' IIal- 
Um:  Lil.  ITist.  of  Europe,  4th  ed..  ISit.  iii.  94. 

No  portion  of  Johnson's  writings  has  been  so  warmly 
praised,  and  so  severely  censured,  as  the  Lives  of  the 
English  Poets.  Sir  Egerton  Brydges,  in  the  Preface  to  his 
edit,  of  Phillips's  Theatrum  Poetarum  Anglicanorum, 
complains  lamentably  of  the  false  taste  of  the  age  which 
considered  the  poetical  school  of  Pope  the  highest  in  the 
Republic  of  Letters: 

"Dr.  Johnson,"  ho  continues,  "whose  Lives  of  the  Poets  are  ex- 
tremely valuable,  from  the  knowledge  of  life  they  display,  from 
their  morality,  and  from  that  acuteness  of  investigation  and  viwr 
of  expression  which  his  astonishing  powers  of  intellect  threw°on 
every  subject  in  which  ho  engaged,  h.ls  yet  contributed  to  authorize 
this  degraded  taste.  For  candor  ought  to  confess  that  a  feeling 
for  the  higher  kinds  of  poetry  was  not  among  his  excellencies.  Is 
it  possible  for  those  to  doubt  it  who  recollect  the  opinion  he  has 
expressed  of  Milton's  Lycidas.  and  of  the  Odes  of  Gray  ?  Who  re- 
member that  he  has  scarce  mentioned  the  F.ables  of  "Urvden.  and 
that  he  has  hardly  conferred  even  a  cold  extorted  praise  on  the  Ode 
to  the  Passions,  by  Collins?  Who  must  admit,  that,  among  the 
modern  poets  who  have  pretensions  to  excellence  in  that  art.  there 
are  but  two,  except  his  favorite  Pope,  to  whose  merits  he  h.as  done 
any  tolerable  justice?  These  are  Thomson  and  Young:  of  whom 
lie  has  spoken,  of  one  with  noble  and  discriminative  praise;  and 
the  poetical  character  of  the  other  he  has  celebrated  with  a  warm 


and  happy  splendor  of  eloquence,  which  is  perhaps  the  finest  pas- 
eage  in  all  the  efforts  of  his  pen." — xli..  et  infra,  and  Ivii. 

Read  another  article  on  Johnson,  by  Sir  S.  E.  Brydges, 
in  his  Imaginative  Biography,  vol.  ii.  251. 


JOH 

.  ■;  Wherever  understanding  alone  is  sufficient  for  poetical  criticism, 
the  oecisions  of  Johnson  are  generally  right.  But  the  beauties  of 
poetry  must  be  fdt  before  their  causes  are  investigated.  There  is 
a  poetical  sensibility,  which  in  the  progress  of  the  mind  becomes 
as  distinct  a  power  as  a  musical  ear  or  a  picturesque  eye.  Without 
a  considerable  degree  of  this  sensibility,  it  is  as  vain  for  a  man  of 
the  greatest  understanding  to  speak  of  the  higher  beauties  of 
poetry,  .as  it  is  for  a  blind  man  to  speak  of  colours.  To  adopt  the 
warmest  sentiments  of  poetry,  to  realize  its  boldest  imagery,  to 
yield  to  every  impulse  of  enthusiasm,  to  submit  to  the  illusions  of 
fancy,  to  retire  with  the  poet  into  his  ideal  worlds,  were  dispositions 
wholly  foreign  from  the  worldly  sagacity  and  stem  shrewdness  of 
Johnson.  As  in  his  judgment  of  life  and  character,  so  in  his  criti- 
cism on  poetry,  he  was  a  sort  of  Freethinker.  He  suspected  the 
refined  of  affectation,  he  rejected  the  enthusiastic  as  absurd,  and 
he  took  it  for  granted  that  the  mysterious  was  unintelligible.  He 
came  into  the  worid  when  the  school  of  Dryden  and  Pope  gave  the 
law  to  English  poetr}-.  In  that  school  he  had  himself  learned  to 
be  a  lofty  and  vigorous  declaimer  in  harmonious  verse ;  beyond 
that  school  his  unforced  admiration  perhaps  scarcely  soared :'  and 
his  highest  effort  of  criticism  was  accordingly  the  noble  panegyric 
on  Dryden.  Ilis  criticism  owed  its  popularity  as  much  to  its  defects 
as  to  Its  excellencies.  It  was  on  a  level  with  the  majority  of  readers, 
—persons  of  good  sense  and  information,  but  of  no  exquisite  sensi- 
bility.—and  to  their  mimls  it  derived  a  false  appearance  of  solidity 
from  the  very  narrowness  which  excluded  those  grander  efforts  of 
imagination  to  which  .\ristotle  and  Bacon  confined  the  name  of 
poetry."— Sm  Ja.mes  MiCKimoSH :  Menuiirs  of  his  Life  and  Writinai 
Lon..  1830.  2  vols.  Svo.  ' 

See  also  his  Review  of  Rogers's  Poems,  in  his  Works. 
1854,  vol.  ii.  505-506. 

"  Johnson  seems  to  have  conceived,  like  Milton,  a  theory  that  good 
ivriting,  at  least  in  verse,  is  never  either  to  follow  the  change  of 
fashion,  or  to  sink  into  familiar  phrase,  and  that  any  deviation'from 
this  rigour  should  be  branded  as  low  and  colloquial."— i/ii;tam's 
ii(.  Hist,  of  Europe,  4th  ed..  1854.  iii.  486. 

"Johnson  strips  many  a  leaf  from  every  laurel ;  still.  Johnson's 
18  the  finest  critical  work  extant,  and  can  never  be  read  without 
instruction  and  dehght.  .  .  .  The  opinions  of  that  truly  great  man, 
whom  it  is  also  the  present  fashion  to  decry,  will  ever  be  received 
by  me  with  that  deference  which  time  will  restore  to  him  from  all " 
— Lord  Byron. 

"One  of  his  most  pleasing  as  well  as  most  popular  works.  The 
Lives  of  the  British  Ports,  which  he  executed  with  a  degree  of  cri- 
tical force  and  talent  which  has  seldom  been  concentrated." Sia 

Walter  .Scott:  Life  of  iamuel  Johnson. 

Sir  Archibald  Alison  remarks  that  few  now  read 
'•The  Lives  of  the  Poets,  interesting  as  they  are,  and  admirable 
as  are  the  criticisms  on  our  greatest  authors  which  they  contain  " 
—Essays.  1850,  iii.  392. 

"The  merit  of  this  work  is  very  great,  whether  we  regard  the 
matter  or  the  style;  for  the  composition  is  far  more  easy  and  na- 
tural, far  less  pompous  and  stately,  and  the  diction  both  more  pic- 
turesque and  more  simple,  than  in  any  other  of  his  writings.  The 
measured  period,  the  balance  of  sentences,  and  the  dift'usivenesa 
arising  from  this  desire  of  symmetry,  is  still  in  a  good  degree  re. 
taiued ;  but  it  is  far  less  constant,  and  therefore  palls  less  on  the 
appetite,  than  in  any  of  his  former  works."— LoEB  BR0UQH.1M :  Liva 
of  Men  of  Letters,  <fe. 

"  Johnson  decided  literary  questions  like  a  lawj-er.  not  like  a  legis- 
lator. He  never  examined  foundations  where  a  point  was  already 
ruled.  Ills  whole  code  of  criticism  rested  on  pure  assumption,  for 
wlii.h  he  soiiii'times  qiiotcrl  a  precedent  or  an  authority,  but  rarely 
tniiiMed  liinisi'lf  to  give  a  reason  drawn  from  the  nature  of  things, 
lb-  tii"k  11  lor  granted  that  the  kind  of  poetry  which  flourished  in 

1"^  "WO  t which  he  had  been  accustonnfl  r..  hear  jiraised  from 

hi^  chilcH, 1.  and  which  he  had  himself  wiitt.n  wifli  success. was 

til.-  l.l•^t  kind  of  poetry.  .  .  .  The  judgments  wlij.h  Joliiison  passed 
on  books  were  m  his  own  time  regarded  with  superstitious  vene- 
ration, and  in  our  lime  are  generally  treated  with  indiscriminate 
contempt."— T.  B.  Macaulat  :  Crit.  and  Hist.  Essays,  Lon  .  1854  ■". 
390.  392; /rom  <Ac  £<«n. /,;,•,...  Sept.  18.31. 

The  incorrectness  of  this  assertion  must  be  obvious  to 
the  reader  who  has  perused  the  opinions  just  quoted;  and 
it  is  easy  for  us  to  add  to  the  evidence  already  presented 
of  Mr.  Maoaulay's  very  grave  error.  As  regards  ourselves, 
we  profess  to  fairly  present  each,  but  to  embrace  neither, 
side  of  these  literary  controversies. 

The  opinion  of  Christopher  North  will  doubtless  have 
gre,at  weight  with  many  readers  : 

"  North  :  '  Johnson's  mind  was  a  fiirnace :  it  reduced  every  thing 
to  its  elements.  We  have  no  truly  gi-eat  critical  mtellect  since  hS 
time.' 

"BoLLER:  'What  would  he  have  thought  of  our  modern  re- 
viewers V 

"  North  :  '  Why.  not  one  of  the  tribe  would  have  dared  to  cry 
mcTO.  had  he  been  alive.  The  terror  of  him  would  have  kept  them 
as  mum  as  mice  when  there's  a  cat  in  the  room.  If  he  had  detected 
such  a  thing  as  Jeffrey  astir,  he  would  have  cracked  every  bono  in 
his  body  with  one  worry.' 

"Bbller:  'I  can  believe  it  all.  Even  Oifford  would  have  been 
annihil.ated.' 

••North:  'Like  an  ill-natured  pugKlog  flung  into  a  lion's  cage."' 
— i\octes  AmbrosianfE,  April.  18-22. 

"  He  had  his  prejudices,  and  his  partialities,  and  his  bigotries,  and 
his  blindnesses,  but  on  the  same  fruit-tree  you  See  shrivelled  pears 


or  apples  on  the  same  branch  with  jargonelles  or  golden  pippins 
worthy  of  Paradise.  .  .  .  Show  mo  the  critique  that  beats  his  on 
Pope  and  on  Dryden,— nay,  even  on  MUton;  and  hang  me  if  yoa 
may  not  read  his  Essay  on  Shakspeare  oven  after  having  read 
Charles  Lamb  or  heard  Coleridge,  with  increased  admiration  of  the 
powers  of  all  three,  and  of  their  insight  through  different  avenues, 

and.  as  it  might  seem,  al st  with  ilillerent  bodily  and  mental 

organs,  into  Shakspeare's  •old  exliausted'  aud  his  'new  ima^iued 


JOH 


jon 


worlds.'  lie  was  a  critic  and  a  moralist  who  would  have  hecn 
wholly  wise  had  ho  not  been  partly  constitutionally  insane." — 
Christopher  North:  Noctes  Ambroinanie,  AYiri\.,lS29. 

"TIk-D'  is  an  amiable  desiro  shown  to  give  merit  its  reward;  nor 
do  the  autlior's  prc-judiccs  interfere  with  this  just  course,  except  in 
a  very  few  instances  of  poiitiral  f-clings  warping  his  judgment,  or 
indignation  at  impiety  l.liudin;;  him  to  literary  excellence,  or  of 
admiration  for  religious  purity  giving  slender  merits  an  exaggerated 
value  in  his  eyes.  The  justness  of  his  taste  may  be  in  all  other 
cases  admitted;  great  critical  acuteness  is  everywhere  exercised; 
extensive  reading  of  ancienf  and  modern  poetry  is  shown :  and  occa^ 
sionally  philosophical  Kubjects  are  handl-.'d  with  considerable  hap- 
piness boi  h  nf  thought  and  of  illustration." — Lord  Brouguam  :  Lives 
of  Men  of  LMa-s,  d-c. 

'■  Johnson  hiis  bimsi  If  done  great  good  by  exposing  great  faults 
in  great  :iutli'irs.  His  criticism  un  Milton's  highest  work  is  the  most 
valuable  of  alt  bid  writings,  lie  seldom  is  erroneous  in  his  cen- 
sures, but  he  never  is  sufliciently  excited  to  admiration  of  what  is 
purest  and  highest  in  poetry.'"— W.  Savage  Lanuor. 

In  another  part  of  his  writings,  Lander  concurs  in  a 
censure  frequently  urged  against  Johnson  of  injustice  to 
Milton  on  account  of  party  prejudices.  This  subject  must 
be  glanced  at  before  we  leave  our  theme. 

''Dr.  Johnson's  Lives  of  the  Poets  ai-e  necessarily  a  prctmioent 
ornament-ef  every  library,  as  they  have  been  the  cumnion  theme 
of  admiration  of  all  countries.  The  styh-  and  the  reflections  are 
the  chief  charm  of  tliis  popular  work.  Many  of  the  facts  must  be 
cautiously  admitted.  Not  that  Johnson  designedly  falsified;  but 
be  always  wanted  ttnn'-  dilii;ence.  anrl  jjatienco  in  the  collection  of 
his  materials;  and  lir  r-jojecii  to  lind  the  fact  as  he  wishal  to  find 
it.  without  sufficiently  \v(.igbiiig  it  in  the  balance  of  impartiality. 
He  hiu/rfMevevy  thing  which  lie  thought  might  throw  a  shade  on 
a  republican,  a  whig,  or  a  dissenter,  and  spared  no  pains  in  exe- 
cuting such  a  picture  in  his  most  powerful  and  overwhelming 
colours."— Z>i7)rfi>i's  Lih.  Omp..  ed.  1825.  521,  n. 

We  shall  now  introduce  some  brief  extracts  from  the 
graceful  pen  of  the  distinguished  author  of  the  Hi.=tory 
of  Ferdinand  and  Isabella: 

"  Jolnison's  work,  as  every  one  knows,  is  conducted  on  the  most 
capricious  and  irregular  plan.  .  .  .  besides  these  defects  of  plan, 
the  critic  was  certainly  deficient  in  sensibility  to  the  more  delicate, 
the  minor  beauties  of  poetic  sentiment.  He  analyzes  verse  in  the 
cold-blooded  spirit  of  a  chemist,  until  all  the  aroma  which  consti- 
tuted its  principal  charm  escapes  in  the  decomposition.  By  this 
kind  of  process,  some  of  the  finest  fancies  of  the  Muse,  the  lofty 
dithyrambics  of  Gray,  the  ethereal  effusions  of  ColUns,  and  of 
Hilton  too,  are  rendered  sufficiently  vapid." 

This  accomplished  critic  proceeds  to  point  out  what  he 
esteems  to  be  defects  in  the  Doctor's  taste  in  composition, 
and  the  graver  objections  to  his  work  arising  from  the 
effects  of  religious  and  political  prejudices,  and  then  con- 
tinues: 

''  With  all  this,  there  is  no  one  of  the  works  of  this  great  and 
good  man  in  which  he  has  displayed  more  of  the  strength  of  his 
mighty  intellect,  shown  a  more  pure  and  masculine  morality,  more 
sound  principk:3  of  criticism  in  the  abstract,  and  more  acute  deli- 
neation of  character,  and  more  gorgeous  splendour  of  diction." 

Johnson's  Life  of  Milton,  however,  does  not  escape  Mr. 
Prescott's  severe  animadversions: 

"  A  production  more  discreditable  to  the  author  is  not  to  he 
found  in  the  whole  of  his  voluminous  works;  eciually  discreditable, 
whether  regarded  in  an  historical  light  or  as  a  sample  of  hterary 
criticism.  .  .  .  His  life  of  Milton  is  a  humiliating  testimony  of  the 
power  of  political  and  rehgious  prejudices  to  warp  a  great  and  good 
mind  from  the  standard  of  truth,  in  the  estimation  not  merely  of 
contemporary  excellence,  but  of  the  great  of  other  years,  over 
whose  frailties  Time  might  be  supposed  to  have  drawn  his  friendly 
mantle."— PreicoH's  Miscdldtiic^,  ed.  1R55,  'U1,  248,  277,  278,  and 
in  North  Amer.  Review  for  October,  1839. 

John  Foster  warms  with  equal  indignation  at  the  same 
themo : 

"  There  are  parts  of  the  Lives  of  the  Poets  which  evei^-  lover  of 
literary  or  moral  justice  would  be  glad  to  see  stamped  with  an  in- 
delible brand  of  reprobation,  with  a  disgrace  so  signal  and  perspi- 
cuous as  to  be  a  perpetual  warning  against  the  perversion  of  criti- 
cism and  private  history  by  political  and  religious  bigotry  and 
personal  spleen." — Criticism  mi  the  English  Poets:  JFosta-^s  Essays, 
Lou.,  1856,  i.  145,  and  in  Eckc.  Hcv..  March,  1808. 

Foster  then  proceeds  to  specify  the  instances  of  Milton 
and  Gray;  he  is  eloquent,  and  we  would  faiu  quote  more 
of  his  flowing  rhetoric;  but  this  must  not  be. 

Even  Dr.  Drake,  one  of  Johnson's  warmest  admirers, 
does  not  venture  to  enter  a  plea  of  *^  Not  Guilty"  on  John- 
son's behalf: 

**  No  man  can  entertain  a  higher  idea  of  Johnson's  intellectual 
powers,  as  a  lexicographer,  a  teacher,  and  a  moralist,  than  myself: 
but  poetical  criticism  was  not  his  province;  and  though  in  point  of 
style  his  Lives  bo  superior,  perhaps,  to  any  of  his  preceding  com- 
positions, they  are  infinitely  more  disgraced  by  the  inexorable  par- 
tiahties  of  the  man." — Drake's  Literary  Hours,  vol.  i.  22. 

Cumberland,  Johnson's  old  friend,  writing  long  after  the 
Doctors  death,  is  disposed  to  treat  the  indignant  outcry 
elicited  by  these  strictures  of  the  latter  with  very  little 
respect: 

"  He  was  an  acute  and  able  critic:  the  enthusiastic  admirers  of 
Milton  and  the  friends  of  Gray  will  have  something  to  complain 
of.  but  criticism  is  a  task  which  no  man  executes  to  all  men's  satis- 
faction. ...  A  work  of  merit,  which  abounds  in  beauties  far  more 
prominent  than  its  defects,  and  much  more  pleasing  to  contemplate." 
^Cumberland's  Memoirs:  Savm--!  Joh7ison. 


Qi 


Dr.  Channing  is  more  lenient  to  Johnson  than  many  of 
Milton's  apologists  are  disposed  to  be  : 

"Wo  could  find  no  pleasure  in  sacrificing  one  great  man  to  the 
vianes  of  another.  .  .  .  Ue  did  not  and  he  could  not  appreciate 
Milton.  We  doubt  whether  two  other  minds,  having  so  little  in 
Common  as  those  of  which  we  are  speaking,  can  be  found  in  the 
higher  walks  of  literature.  Johnsou  was  great  in  his  own  sphere, 
but  that  sphere  was  comparatively  of  '  the  earth,'  while  Milton's 
was  oidy  inferior  to  that  of  angels.  It  was  customary,  in  the  day 
of  Jolinson's  glory,  to  call  him  a  giant,  to  class  him  with  a  mighty 
but  still  an  earth-born  race.  Milton  we  should  rank,  among 
seraphs." 

Channing  proceeds  in  this  truly-eloquent  strain  for  some 
lines,  and  then  applies  the  contrast  to  the  reader's  own 
judgment,  by  demanding, 

'•  How  conld  Johnson  be  just  to  Milton?"— 7?emarX:5  on  the  Cha- 
ractrr  and  Writivga  of  John  Milton. 

Johnson  here  escapes  far  more  easily  than  he  generally 
does  when  arraigned  for  this  oft-urgod  offence,  and  this 
mitigation  of  punishment  will  be  demurred  at  by  many 
of  the  champions  of  the  immortal  Milton.  But  wo  have 
ahigher  defence  to  plead,  (or  rather  to  adduce,  for  we  plead 
nothing  on  either  side;)  nothing  less  than  an  entire  ac- 
quittal of  the  alleged  culprit: 

"That  he  had  strong  prepossessions  against  Milton's  political 
opinions  cannot  be  doubted;  but  it  is  extremely  incorrect  to  affirm, 
as  has  been  too  generally  affirmed,  that  this  feeling  made  him  unfair 
to  that  groat  poet's  merits.  No  one  can  read  his  criticism  on  Para- 
dise Lost,  without  perceiving  that  he  places  it  next  to  the  Iliad,  and 
in  some  respects  on  an  equal,  if  not  a  higher,  level.  The  praise 
of  it  in  The  Kaanbler  is  equally  ample.  His  objections  are  not  at 
all  groundless;  and,  although  to  the  lesser  pieces  he  may  not  be 
equally  just,  it  is  certain  that,  except  to  the  Lycidas,  he  shows  no 
very  marked  unfairness,  while,  in  observing  the  faults  of  the  others, 
he  largely  commemorates  their  beauties.' — Lord  Beougham:  Lives 
of  Men  of  Letfar.^  dv. 

As  regards  the  literary  merits  of  Johnson's  review  of 
Pahadise  Lost,  perhaps  many  scholars,  of  all  classes  of 
opinions,  will  acknowledge  a  participation,  to  some  extent, 
in  the  enthusiasm  which  animates  the  glowing  eulogy  of 
Dibdin  : 

"Who  that  roads  Johnson's  criticisms  on  certain  portions  of  the 
Paradise  Lost  is  not  convinced  that  he  is  reading  one  of  the  most 
nuusterly  performances  of  the  human  intellect?  exhibiting  an  ex- 
tent and  power  of  conception— a  vigour  and  felicity  of  diction — 
sncli  as  one  knows  not  where  to  find  equalled  in  any  modern  pro- 
duction."— Lib.  Comp.,  ed.  1825,  521. 

Before  leaving  this  part  of  our  subject  we  must  not  omit 
to  notice  an  edit,  recently  i.ssued  (Lon.,  1S54,  .3  vols.  Svo) 
of  Johnson's  Lives  of  the  British  Poets,  with  Notes,  cor- 
rective and  explanatory,  by  Peter  Cunningham.  This  the 
collector  of  a  "Johnsonian  Library"  must  immediately 
procure.  A  new  impression  of  Hazlitt's  ed.  of  the  Lives 
of  the  Poets  was  also  pub.,  Lon.,  1854,  4  vols.  fp.  Svo. 
We  may  add  that  he  will  find  a  valuable  guide  to  John- 
soniana  in  the  list  furnished  by  Lowndes  (containing  about 
sixty  books)  in  the  Bibliographer's  Manual,  1032-1033. 
See  also  Index  to  Blackw.  Mag.,  vols.  i.-l. 
6.  Dr.  Johnson's  Stylk  of  Composition. 
In  this  department  of  our  subject  also  we  shall  have 
something  to  produce  on  both  sides  of  the  question  : 

"To  Johnson  may  be  attributed  the  establLshment  of  our  present 
refinement,  and  it  is  witli  truth  he  observes  of  his  Rambler,  'That 
he  had  laboured  to  refine  our  language  to  grammatical  purity,  and 
to  clear  it  from  colloquial  barliarisms,  licentious  idioms,  and  irre- 
giilar  combinations,  and  that  he  has  added  to  the  elegance  of  its 
construction  and  to  the  harmonv  of  its  cadence.' " — BisraelCs  Miscell. 
of  Lit.;  Style:  ed.  Lon.,  1S4U,  7. 

"Junius  and  Johnson  were  the  first  who  again  familiarized  ua 
with  more  glowing  and  sonorous  diction,  and  made  us  feel  the 
tameness  and  poorness  of  the  serious  style  of  Addison  and  Swift." 
—Lord  Jeffrky:  Ctrntrib.  to  theEdin.  Rev.,  Lon.,  1S53,  77,  and  in 
Edhi.  Rev.,  Sept.  181 G. 

We  know  not  where  we  can  better  quote  Lord  Jeffrey's 
description  of  Johnson  as  "  that  great  master  of  reason," 
(Edin.  Rev.,  xv.  175.)  and  Sir  Archibald  Alison's  assertion 
(Hist,  of  Europe,  1789-1S15,  chap.  Ix.)  that  Dr.  Johnson 
was  "  the  strongest  intellect  and  the  most  profound  ob- 
server of  the  eighteenth  century." 

"The  diHtinguishing  excellence  of  Johnson's  manver,  both  in 
speaking  and  writing,  consists  in  the  apt  and  lively  illustrations  by 
example  with  uhi'h.  in  his  vigorous  sallies,  he  enforces  his  jiist  and 
acute  remailis  nn  human  life  and  manners,  in  .all  their  mudes  and 
repivsentatiMiis;  the  fliarartrr  and  rliaiin  of  his  sti/le,  in  a  happy 
chdiee  <A  dignilii/d  and  appn>|iriate  expressions,  and  that  masterly 
involution  vi  plirase  by  wlgeli  he  cuiitiives  to  bolt  the  proniinent 
idea  strongly  on  the  mind." — Green's  Diary  of  a  Lover  of  Lit., 
Ipswich,  1810,  9-10. 

'•  At  length  rose  the  Colossus  of  English  Philology,  Samuel  John- 
son, having  secretly  and  unremittingly  formed  his  style  upon  the 
basis  of  that  of  Sir  Thomas  Browne, — a  name  in  every  respect  to  be 
held  in  grateful  remembrance.  But  Johnson,  as  a  philologist,  is 
almost  an  original;  and  dovibtless  among  the  very  foremost  in  the 
ranks  of  the  literature  of  hie  country.  And  yet,  I  know  not  bow 
it  is,  but  aa  years  creep  on  we  do  not  read  liis  pages  with  that  de- 
voted enthusiasm  which  we  did  in  our  college  days:  for  where  is 
the  man  who,  having  turned  his  thirtietli  year,  peruses  either 
Rasselaa  or  the  W^mhUtV'— Dibdin' s  Lib.  Cmn^.,  ed.  182r>,  617-618. 

977 


\ 


JOH 


JOH 


'*  nis  writings  will  live  forever,  still  more  and  more  studied  and 
admired,  wlaile  Britons  shall  continue  to  be  characterized  by  a  love 
of  elegance   and  sublimit}',  of  good  sense  and  virtue." — Bishop 

IIORNE. 

"Johnson's  first  style  was  naturally  energetic;  his  middle  style 
wag  turgid  to  a  fault;  his  latter  style  was  softened  down  and  liar- 
uionizcd  into  periods  more  tuneful  and  more  intelligible.'— C'uiit- 
berlaml's  Memoirs. 

"  A  love  of  hard  and  learned  words  prevailed  throughout ;  and  a 
fondness  for  balanced  periods  was  its  special  characteristic.  But 
there  was  often  great  felicity  in  the  expression,  occasionally  a  pleas- 
ing cadence  in  the  rhythm,  generally  an  epigrammatic  turn  in  tiie 
language,  as  well  as  in  the  idea.  Kven  where  the  w.'ikiii.mship 
seemed  most  to  surpass  the  material,  and  the  word<raft  to  be  exer- 
cised needlessly  and  the  diction  to  run  to  waste,  there  was  never 
any  feebleness  to  complain  of,  and  alwjiys  something  of  skill  and 
elTect  to  admh-e.  The  charm  of  nature  was  ever  wanting,  but  the 
presence  of  great  art  was  undeniable.  Nothing  was  seen  of  the 
careless  aspect  which  the  highest  of  artists  ever  give  their  master- 
pieces,— the  produce  of  elaborate  but  concealed  pains ;  yet  the  strong 
hand  of  an  able  workman  was  always  marked ;  and  it  was  observed, 
too,  that  he  had  disdained  to  hide  from  us  the  far  less  labour  which 
he  had  much  more  easily  bestowed.  There  is  no  denying  that  some 
of  Johnson's  works,  from  the  meagreness  of  the  material  and  the 
regularity  of  the  monotonous  style,  are  exceedingly  little  adaptetl 
to  reading.  They  are  flimsy,  and  they  are  dull ;  they  are  pompous, 
and,  though  full  of  undeniable — indeed,  self-evident — truths,  they  are 
somewhat  empty;  they  are,  moreover,  wrapped  up  in  a  style  so 
dipproportioned  in  its  importance,  that  the  perusal  becomes  very 
tiresome,  and  is  soon  given  up.  This  character  belongs  more  espe- 
cially to  the  Rambler,  the  object  of  such  uume^isured  praises  among 
his  followers,  and  from  which  he  derived  the  title  of  the  Great 
Moralist."— Lord  Bbodgham:  iiVcs  of  Men  of  Letter!:,  <&-. 

The  reader  will  find  a  continuation  of  his  lordship's  re- 
marks in  our  notice  of  the  Rambler  in  a  jjreeeJing  page. 
The  noble  critic  places  the  Life  of  Cowley  at  "the  head 
of  all"  the  author's  writings,  and  (as  wo  have  already  in- 
timated) considers  the  review  of  Soame  Jenyns's  Inquiry 
into  the  Origin  of  Evil  "  one  of  his  happiest  perform- 
ances." 

'■The  third  period  (in  the  progress  of  English  style]  may  he 
called  the  Rhetorical,  and  is  distinguished  by  the  prevalence  of  a 
school  of  writers  of  which  Johnson  was  the  founder.  The  funda- 
mental character  of  this  style  is  that  it  employs  undisguised  art 
where  classical  writers  appear  only  to  obey  the  impulse  of  a  culti- 
vated and  adorned  nature. .  . . 

"  As  the  mind  of  Johnson  was  robust,  but  neither  nimble  nor 
graceful,  so  his  style,  though  sometimes  significant,  nervous,  and 
even  majestic,  was  void  of  all  grace  and  ease;  and,  being  the  most 
unlike  ol  all  styles  to  the  natural  effusion  of  a  cultivated  mind, 
had  the  least  pretensions  to  the  praise  of  eloquence.  During  the 
period,  now  near  a  close,  in  which  he  was  a  favourite  model,  a  stiff 
symmetry  and  tedious  monotony  succeeded  to  that  various  music 
with  which  the  taste  of  Addison  diversified  his  periods,  and  to  that 
natural  imagery  which  his  beautiful  genius  seemed,  with  graceful 
negligence,  to  scatter  over  his  composition."' — Sui  James  M.\ckin- 
TOSH :  Memoirs  of  his  Life,  1835,  2  vols.  Svo. 

"  What  most  distinguishes  Dr.  Johnson  from  other  writers  is 
the  pomp  and  uniformity  of  bis  style.  All  his  periods  are  cast  in 
the  same  mould,  are  of  the  same  size  and  shape,  and,  consequently, 
have  little  fitness  to  the  variety  of  things  he  professes  to  treat  of 
His  subjects  are  familiar,  but  the  author  is  always  upon  stilts.  Ho 
has  neither  ease  nor  simplicity,  and  his  eflbrts"  at  playfulness  in 
part  remind  one  of  the  lines  in  Milton : 

'  The  elephant 
To  make  them  sport  wreathed  his  proboscis  lithe.' " 

,,,„,..      ,  HiizliU  m  the  Periodical  Essayist. 

All  his  books  are  written  in  a  le.irned  language;  in  a  lang-uage 
which  nobody  hears  from  his  mother  or  his  nurse;  in  a  language 
:n  which  nobody  ever  quarrels,  or  drives  bargains,  or  makes  love; 

in  a  language  in  which   noliody  ever   thinks Mannerism  is 

pardonable,  and  is  sometimes  even  agreeable,  when  the  manner, 
though  vicious,  is  natural.  Few  readers,  for  example,  would  be 
willing  to  part  with  the  mannerism  of  Milton  or  Burke.  But  a 
mannerism  which  does  not  sit  oiisy  on  the  mannerist— which  haa 
been  adopted  on  principle,  and  which  can  be  sustained  only  by 
constant  effort— is  always  offensive.  And  such  is  the  m.annerisni 
?  io  ,1?n  °-  ,^.-  D- MACAnL.lY :  Vrit.  and  Hist.  Essays,  Lon..  ISOl, 
1.398-399;  and  in  iMin.ifet.,  Sept.  1S31.  ' 

"The  Doctor's  taste  in  composition,'  remarks  Mr.  Prescott,  in 
his  notice  of  Johnson's  Lives  of  the  Poets,  just  quoted  from,  "to 
judge  from  his  own  style,  was  not  of  the  highest  order.  It  was  a 
style,  mdeed,  of  extraordin.ary  power,  suited  to  the  expression  of 
his  original  thinking,  bold,  vigorous,  .and  glowing  with  all  the 
histre  of  polished  antithesis.  But  the  brilliancy  is  cold,  and  the 
ornaments  are  much  too  florid  and  overcharged  for  a  graceful 
efSect."— Miscellanies,  186.5.  248. 

"No  man,"  remarks  one  of  the  greatest  masters  of  the  EngUsh 
tongiie,  "contemplates  with  greater  tenderness  than  we  do  the 
trailties  of  Dr.  Johnson ;  none  respects  more  the  sound  p.arts  of  his 
moral  system,  or  admu-es  more  the  vigor  of  the  elephantine  step 
mth  which  he  sometimes  tramples  down  insolent  error  and  pre- 
sumptuous sophistry.  But  let  no  young  man  who  wishes  to  learn 
r"'ij  ^'"^        style."— Edward  Evekeit:  Jf.Amer.Hev., 

It  was  formerly  greatly  the  fashion  to  copy,  or  to  en- 
deavour to  copy,  the  "  Johnsonian  style."  Mr.  Macaulny 
decl.ared  (review  of  Croker's  Boswe'll,  Edin.  Rev.,  Sept. 
1831)  that  Jolinson's  "peculiarities  have  been  imitated 
by  his  admirers,  and  parodied  by  his  assailants,  till  the 
public  has  become  sick  of  the  subject." 

A  critic  in  the  same  periodical  (for  Oct.  1850)  remarks 
that 

S78 


"  It  is  not  easy  for  those  who  have  not  inspected  contempo 
faacous  hterature.  —  especially  its  second-rate  productions.  —  to 
conceive  to  what  an  extent  Johnson's  style  was  imitated  by  hia 
admirers." — Vol.  xcii.  333. 

Sir  James  Mackintosh  observes,  as  late  as  18.31,  that 
"  From  the  corruptions  introduced  by  Dr.  Johnson,  English  styiO 
was  only  then  recovering." 

Disraeli  says : 

"Such  w.as  the  influence  of  the  elaborate  novelty  of  Johnson, 
that  every  writer  in  every  class  sen'ilely  coiiied  the  Latinized 
style,  ludicrously  mimicking  the  contortions  and  re-echoing  the 
sonorous  nothings,  of  our  great  lexicographer.  The  novelist  of 
domestic  life,  or  the  agi-iculturist  in  a  treatise  on  turnips,  aUke 
aimed  at  the  polysyllabic  force  and  the  cadenced  period.  Such 
wa«  the  condition  of  English  style  for  more  than  twenty  years." — 
MisceU.  of  Lit.:  Sti/le;  ed.  Lon..  1840.  8. 

"At  present,"  says  Ilazlitt.  in  liis  Sixth  Lecture  on  the  English 
Poets,  delivered  at  the  Sui  rey  Iii.stitution  in  1818,  "we  cannot  see  a 
lottery-puff  or  a  quack  advertiseuieiit  pasted  against  a  wall,  that  is 
not  perfectly  Johnsonian  in  style." 

"  His  brilliant  style,"  says  Mr.  Prescott,  "has  been  the  imitation 
of  every  schoolboy,  and  of  some  children  of  larger  growth,  since 
the  days  of  the  Rambler.  But  the  nearer  they  come  to  it  the 
worse.  The  beautiful  is  turned  into  the  tiintastic.  and  the  sublime 
into  the  ridiculous." — Miscellanies,  1855,  271-272,  and  mN.Amei: 
iv'erieiy,  Oct.  1839. 

Dr.  Soutbey  regarded  these  imitators  with  as  little 
complacency.  "  Look,"  he  e-xclaims,  in  a  letter  to  Henry 
Taylor,  Dec.  31,  1825,  "at  the  imitations  of  Gibbon  and 
Johnson  !" 

The  too  frequent  use  of  words  derived  from  the  Latin 
and  Greek  is  often  alleged  against  Johnson's  composi- 
tions, and,  wo  think,  with  reason.  But  the  objector  often 
carries  his  charge  too  far.  The  use  of  such  derivatives 
in  moderation  and  with  propriety  is  to  be  encouraged 
rather  than  censured.  Those  who  display  their  ignorance 
of  the  language  by  accusing  Johnson  of  worA-mukiug 
will  have  to  revive  their  knowledge  of  early  English  vo- 
cabularies. Let  those  who  are  so  fond  of'Anglo-Saxon 
"undefiled"  amuse  themselves  occasionally  with  a  page 
or  hvo  of  Aldhelm,  Ceolfrid  of  Wearmouth,  or  Feli.-i  of 
Croyland.  Let  them  read  to  their  families,  for  weekday 
entertainment.  King  Alfred's  Orosius,  and  wind  up  the 
devotions  of  the  Sabbath  with  the  royal  translator's 
Psalms  of  David,  or  the  good  Alfric's  Paschal  Homily. 

6.  Dr.  Johsson's  Appearance,  Manners,  and  Con- 
versation. 

To  James  Boswell,  the  famous  biographer  of  Johnson, 
our  acknowledgments  have  already  been  made  in  the  ar- 
ticle devoted  to  the  consideration  of  his  literary  charac- 
ter. The  reader  will  there  find  many  tributes  to  the  merits 
of  a  work  which  can  never  lose  its  popularity,  and  will 
always  keep  fresh  in  the  minds  of  men  the  characters  of 
the  author  and  his  illustrious  subject.  Boswell's  account 
of  his  first  interview  with  the  formidable  lexicographer  is 
too  amusing  to  be  omitted.  It  occurred  in  the  back-par- 
lour  of  Tom  Davies,  the  actor  and  bookseller,  (celebrated 
for  his  learning  and  his  handsome  wife,)  whom  we  have 
already  registered  on  the  482d  page  of  this  Dictionary. 

"  Mr.  Davies  recollected  several  of  Johnson's  remarkable  sayings, 
and  was  one  of  the  best  of  the  many  imitators  of  his  voice  and 
manner  while  relating  them.  He  increased  my  impatience  more  and 
more  to  see  the  extraordinary  man  whose  works  I  highly  valued 
and  whose  convers.ation  was  reported  to  be  so  peculiarly  excellent! 

"At  last,  on  Monday,  the  16th  of  May,  [1763,]  when  1  was  sittin'' 
in  Mr.  Davies's  back-parlour,  after  having  drunk  tea  with  him  and 
Mrs.  Davies,  Johnson  unexpectedly  came  into  the  shop ;  and  Mr. 
Davies  having  perceived  him  through  the  gl.iss  door  in  the  room 
in  which  we  were  sitting  advancing  towards  us.  he  announced  liis 
awful  approach  to  mc,  somewhat  in  the  manner  of  an  actor  m  the 
part  of  Horatio,  when  he  addresses  Hamlet  on  the  appearance  of 
his  father's  ghost :  '  Look,  my  lord,  it  comes  I'  I  found  that  I  had 
a  very  perfect  idea  of  Johnson's  figure,  from  the  portrait  painted 
of  hmi  by  Sir  Joshua  Reynolds  after  he  had  published  his  Diction- 
ary, in  the  attitude  of  sitting  in  his  easy-oh.air  in  deep  meditation  • 
which  was  the  first  picture  his  friend  did  for  him.  which  Sir  Joshua 
very  kindly  presented  to  me.  and  from  which  an  engraving  h.as 
been  made  for  this  work.  Mr.  Davies  mentioned  my  name,  and 
respectfully  introduced  me  to  him.  1  was  much  agitated,  and 
recollecting  his  prejudice  against  the  Scotch,  of  which  I  had  heard' 
much,  1  said  to  Duvies, '  Don't  tell  where  1  came  from.'  '  From 
Scotland,'  cried  Davies,  rogueishly.  '  Mr.  Johnson,'  said  I,  '  I  do 
indeed  come  from  Scotland,  but  I  cannot  help  it.'  I  am  willin'^  to 
flatter  myself  that  I  meant  this  iis  light  pleasantry  to  soothe  and 
conciliate  him,  and  not  as  a  humiliating  abasement  at  the  expense 
of  my  country.  But,  however  that  might  be,  this  speech  was 
somewliat  unlucky;  for,  with  that  quickness  of  wit  for  wliich  ho 
was  so  remarkable,  he  seized  the  expression  '  come  from  Scotland  ' 
which  1  used  in  the  sense  of  being  of  that  country,  and,  as  if  1  had 
said  that  I  had  come  away  from  it  or  left  it,  retorted, '  That,  su-,  I  find 
is  what  a  very  great  many  of  your  countrymen  cannot  help.'  This 
stroke  stunned  roe  a  good  deal ;  .and,  when  we  had  sat  down,  I  felt 
myself  not  a  little  embarrassed,  and  apprehensive  of  what  might 
come  next.  Ho  then  addressed  himself  to  Davies :  ■  What  do  yon 
think  of  Carrick  1  He  has  relusod  me  an  order  for  the  play'  for 
Miss  Williams,  because  he  knows  the  house  will  be  full,  and  'th.it 
an  order  will  be  worth  three  shillings.'  Eager  to  take  any  opening 
to  get  into  conversation  Mith  him,  1  ventured  to  say,  '0  sir,  I  can- 


JOH 


Dot  think  Mr.  Garrick  would  grudge  such  a  triflo  to  ymi.  Sir, 
Bail!  he,  with  a  stern  look,  '  I  havo  known  David  Garrick  longer 
than  you  have  done ;  and  I  know  no  right  you  have  to  talk  to  me 
on  the  subject."  Perhaps  I  deserved  this  check ;  for  it  was  rather 
presumptuous  in  me,  an  entire  stranger,  to  express  any  doubt  of 
the  justice  of  his  animadversion  upon  his  old  acxiuaintjince  and 
pupil.  I  now  felt  myself  much  mortified,  and  began  to  think  that 
the  hope  I  h.ad  long  indulged  of  obtaining  hia  acquaintance  was 
blasted.  And,  in  truth,  had  not  my  ardour  been  uncommonly 
strong  and  my  resolution  uncommonly  persevering,  so  rough  a 
reception  might  have  deterred  me  forever  from  making  any  fur- 
tlier  attempts-  Fortunately,  however,  I  remained  upon  the  field, 
not  wholly  discomfited,  and  was  soon  rewarded  by  hearing  some 
of  his  conversation,  of  which  I  preserved  the  following  short  mi- 
nute, without  marking  the  questions  and  observations  by  which  it 
was  produced." — BoswdVs  Li/€ofJotinwn,Crokfi-'s  ed.,  Lon.ilS-lS, 
r.  8vo,  133-134.  See  the  note  to  p.  133  for  a  vindication  of  Garrick, 
or  rather,  for  evidence  of  his  liberality. 

The  .acquaintance  thus  commenced  was  sedulously  cul- 
tivated liy  BoswcU;  and  until  his  great  friend's  demise, 
more  than  twenty  years  after  this  first  interview, 

"The  worship  of  Johnson  was  his  grand,  ideal,  voluntary  busi- 
ness. Does  not  the  frothy-he;irted  yet  enthusiastic  man,  doffing  hia 
advocate's  wig.  regularly'take  post,  and  hurry  up  to  London,  for 
the  Siike  of  his  sage  chiefly,  as  to  a  Fe.ast  of  Tabernacles,  the  Sab- 
bath of  his  wliole  year'/"— Oirfy/c'.?  Kmna  of  BoswdVs  Johnson. 
How  faithfully  he  did  service  in  embalming  the  drop- 
pings of  wisdom  which  fell  from  those  revered  lips,  wo 
have  mraiy  evidences,  and  none  more  amusing  than  that 
related  hy  Miss  Barney  : 

"  When  in  that  presmct,"  says  the  fair  narrator,  "  he  was  unob- 
servant, if  not  contemptuous,  of  every  one  else.  In  truth,  when  he 
met  with  Dr.  Johnson,  he  commonly  forbore  even  answering  any 
thing  that  was  said,  or  .attending  to  any  thing  that  went  forward, 
lest  he  should  mias  the  smallest  B.mnd  from  that  voice  to  which  he 
paid  such  exclusive  though  merited  homage.  But  the  moment  that 
voice  burst  forth,  the  effect  which  it  excited  on  Mr.  Boswell 
amounted  almost  to  pain.  His  eyes  goggled  with  eagerness ;  ho 
leant  his  ear  almost  on  the  shoulder  of  the  doctor,  and  his  mouth 
dropped  open  to  catch  every  syllable  that  might  be  uttered;  nay, 
he  seemed  not  only  to  dread  losing  a  word,  but  to  be  anxious  not 
to  miss  a  breathing;  as  if  hoping  from  it  latently,  or  mystically, 
some  inform.ation." 

The  great  man  was  not  so  much  conciliated  by  this  ex- 
traordinary deference  as  to  always  endure  lioswell's  curio- 
sity tamely.  On  one  occasion,  when  Boswell  had  been  for 
some  time  persisting  in  questioning  him  ivilii,  "What  did 
you  do,  sir?"  "What  did  you  say,  sir?"  .to.,  Johnson  at 
last  lost  all  patience,  and  exclaimed,  "  I  will  not  be  put  to 
the  question,  sir  !  Do  you  not  consider,  sir,  that  these  are 
not  the  manners  of  a  gentleman  ?  I  will  not  be  baited 
with  it.7t.[(  and  ic%.  What  is  this?  What  is  that?  Why 
is  a  cow's  taillong  ?  Why  is  a  fox's  tail  bushy  ?"  "Why, 
sir,"  pleaded  Boswell,  "you  are  so  good  that  I  venture  to 
trouble  you."  "Sir,"  rejoined  Johnson,  ''^my  being  so 
good  is  no  reason  why  you  should  be  so  ill." 

Mr.  Macaulay's  portrait  of  Boswell  is  not  the  most  flat- 
tering in  the  worTd: 

"  He  was.  if  we  ai'e  to  give  any  credit  to  his  own  account  or  to 
the  united  testimony  of  all  who  knew  him,  a  man  of  the  meanest 
and  feeblest  intellect.  Johnson  described  liim  as  a  fellow  who  had 
missed  his  only  ch.ance  of  immortality  by  not  having  been  alive 
when  the  Dunciad  was  written.  Beauclerk  used  his  name  as  a 
proverbial  expression  for  a  bore.  Ho  was  the  l.augliing-stock  of  the 
whole  of  that  brilliant  society  which  liim  owed  to  him  the  gi-eater 
part  of  its  fume.  .  .  .  Every  thing  wbi.li  ;.iio(ber  would  have  hid- 
den everv  thing  the  publication  of  wbicti  w.add  have  made  another 
man  han.'  liiins.-lf  was  matter  of  gay  and  clamorous  exultation  to 
his  weak"aiid  .Hsra-nl  mind.  What  silly  things  he  said,  what  hitter 
retorts  he  provnked,  liow  at  one  place  ho  was  troulded  with  evd 
iiresentiments  wliieli  came  to  nothing,  how  at  another  place,  on 
w.akio"  from  a  drunken  doze,  he  read  the  Prayer-Book  and  took  a 
hah  of  the  do<-  that  h.ad  bitten  him.  how  he  went  to  see  men  hanged 
and  came  away  maudlin,  how  he  added  five  hunthred  pounds  to  the 
fortune  of  one'  of  his  babies  because  he  w,T,s  not  scared  at  Johnson  s 
ugly  face.  .  .  .  how  his  father,  and  the  very  wife  of  his  bosom, 
tau'died  and  fretted  at  his  fjoleries,— all  these  things  he  proclamied 
to  all  tlie  w.ald,  as  if  they  had  been  subjects  for  inule  and  osten- 
tatious rc'jeieing.  All  tlie  caprices  of  his  temper,  all  the  illusions 
of  his  vanity,  all  liis  livpechondriae  wbimsivs,  all  Ins  castles  m  the 
air, he  disptaved  will,  a'  ,unlsvir-c.i,„plareney.  a  p.-rf.-et  unconscious- 
ness that  he  'was  making  a  fn,  ,1  of  huus.'If.  lo  wlorb  it  is  impossible 
to  find  a  parallel  in  the  whole  history  of  mankind.  He  has  used 
many  people  ill;  but  assuredly  he  has  nse<l  nobody  so  ill  as  him- 
self Of  all  the  talents  which  ordinarily  raise  men  to  eminence 
as  writers,  Boswell  had  absolutely  none.  Tliero  is  not  in  all  his  books 
a  single  remark  of  his  own  on  literature,  politics,  religion,  or  society, 
which  is  not  either  commonplace  or  absurd.  His  disserta1;ions  on 
hereditary  geutilitv,  on  the  slave-trade,  and  on  the  entailmg  of 
landed  estates,  may  serve  as  examples.  To  say  that  these  p.asBage8 
are  sophisticitl  would  bo  to  pay  them  an  extravagant  complimc-nt. 
They  have  no  pretence  to  argument  or  even  to  meanmg  He  has 
reported  innumerable  observations  made  by  himself  m  the  course 
of  conversation.  Of  these  observations  wo  do  not  rememher  one 
■which  is  .above  the  intellectual  capacity  of  a  boy  of  fifteen.  He 
has  printed  many  of  his  own  letters,  and  in  these  letters  he  is  always 
ranting  or  twaddling."— Ssaj/s,  1864,  i.  3,0,  371,  37 i,  3i  J. 

This  is  an  admirably-drawn  portrait,  and,  unfortunately 
for  the  subject,  those  who  havo  been  inclined  to  think  it 
too  highly  coloured  will  perhaps  be  less  disposed  to  ques- 


JOU 

tion  the  faithfulness  of  the  artist  after  reading  some  of 
Boswcll's  Letters  to  the  Rev.  W.  J.  Temple,  just  brotight 
to  light  in  a  most  remarkable  manner,  (if  we  are  to  believe 
the  story,)  and  pub.  in  1857.  See  reviews  of  these  Letters 
in  Edin.  Rev.,  April,  1857  ;  Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  Feb.,  1857; 
Lon.  Athenajum,  Dec.  27,  1856  ;  the  Spectator,  Times,  Ac. 
But  really  we  think  Mr.  Macaul.ay  is  here  guilty  of  some- 
thing which  borders  on  caricature  :  Boswell  was  certainly 
not  quite  such  a  born  and  perennial  fool  as  his  critic  makes 
him  appear.  Schlosser  is  disposed  to  ridicule  the  avidity 
with  which  the  English  devour 

"Those  oracular  sayings  which  Boswell  has  collected  as  if  they 
were  pearls  and  diamonds.  Boswell  has  by  far  outstri]i]ied  tlie  cul- 
lectors  of  all  the  trifles,  pei-sonal  anecdotes,  and  miserable  nulbiiif^s 
which  refer  to  Gotlio,  and  the  English  have,  as  thankfully  and  w  ilh 
as  much  curiosity,  swallowed  every  tiiviality  about  this  much-ad- 
mired and  worshipped  critic  and  artist  in  taste  and  literature,  as  the 
Germans  every  trilling  anecdote  abcait  Uu  ir  greatest  poet  and  prose- 
writer."— .Sc/itossci-'s  HUt.  of  the  Eujktmtth  Cent.,  tic.,  Davison's 
Trans.,  Lon.,  1844,  vol.  ii.  68. 

But  who  can  marvel  that  all  who  love  the  English  tongue 
and  English  Republic  of  Letters  are  in  love  with  this  ini- 
mitable biography,  when  it  must  bo  admitted  that — to  quote 
the  language  of  one  of  the  greatest  of  modern  writers — 

"Considering  the  eminent  persons  to  whom  Boswell's  Life  of 
Juhnwiin  relates,  the  quantity  of  misci'llaneous  information  and  en- 
tertaining gossip  which  it  brings  together,  it  may  be  termed,  with- 
out exeejition,  the  best  parlour-table  book  that  ever  was  written.' 
— Sir  Walter  Scott. 

But  wo  are  forgetting  to  give  some  description  of  the 
Appearance  of  the  great  man,  as  promised  in  our  last 
heading.  Miss  Burney's  pencil  shall  be  again  called  to 
our  aid : 

"  He  is,  indeed,  very  ill-favoured  I  Yet  he  has  naturally  a  noble 
figure,— tall,  stout,  grand,  and  authoritative :  but  he  stoops  horribly ; 
hfs  back  is  quite  round;  his  month  is  continually  opening  and 
shutting,  as  if  he  were  chewing  sometliing;  he  has  a  singular 
method  of  twirling  his  fingers  and  listing  his  hands;  his  vast 
body  is  in  constant  agitation,  see-sawing  backwards  and  forwards; 
his  feet  are  never  a  moment  quiet,  and  his  whole  great  person 
looked  often  as  if  it  were  going  to  roll  itself,  quite  voluntardy,  from 
its  chair  to  the  floor."  ,     ,        ,  -.  .,  ■ 

Perhaps  no  one  has  better  described  the  dress  of  this 
strange-looking  giant  than  the  famous  satirical  poet  of  the 

day; 

"  Methinks  I  view  his  full,  plain  suit  of  brown, 
The  large  grey  bushy  wig.  th.at  graced  his  crown ; 
Black  worsted  6tocldngs,little  silver  buckles. 
And  shirt,  that  had  no  ruffles  for  his  knuckles. 
I  mark  the  brown  greatcoat  of  cloth  he  wore. 
That  two  huge  Patagoniaii  iiockets  bore, 
Wliich  Patagouians  (wondrous  lo  iiiifoid!) 
Would  fairly  both  his  Dietiuuaries  hold."— Peter  Pindar. 
We  shall  have  more  to  quote  respecting  Johnson's  ap- 
pearance before  we  have  finished  this  article.     Let  us  now 
turn  to  his  CoNVEnsATioN,  in  the  descriptions  of  which 
his  Manner.s  will,  of  course,  come  more  or  less  under 
notice !     In  our  introductory  quotation,  indeed,  (from  Miss 
Burney,)  Johnson's  manners,  or  want  of  manners,  occupy 
a  prominent  place.  . 

"  BoswcU's  Life  of  Johnson  has  given  a  wrong  impression  of  him 
in  some  respects.  When  we  see  four  largo  volumes  written  nlioii  a 
man's  conversation,  through  a  period  of  forty  years,  and  his  r.uiarks 
alone  set  down,  of  all  those  made  at  the  time,  we  naturally  take 
the  idea  that  Johnson  was  the  central  point  of  society  f<a-  all  that 
period.  The  truth  is.  he  never  was  in  good  society,— at  least  in  those 
chcles  where  men  of  letters  mix  with  the  fashiomable  world.  His 
brutal,  intolerant  manners  excluded  him  from  it,  of  course.  Ho 
met  good  society,  to-be-sure,  at  the  Literary  Club  and  at  Sir  Joshua 
Revnolda's.  Gibbon  was  a.sked  why  he  did  not  talk  more  in  the 
presence  of  Dr.  Johnson.  '  Sir,'  replied  the  historian,  taking  a  pinch 
of  snufl',  'I  have  no  pretensions  to  the  ability  of  contending  witU 
Dr  Johnson  in  brutality  and  insolence.'"— Sir  James  Mackintosh  s 
Comrrsiilions  with  Alexander  B.  BoereU:  If.  Avier.  Ita:,  xxxv. 
445—440  H 

Yet,' notwithstanding  the  apparent  severity  of  these 
strictures,  no  one  bad  a  higher  opinion  of  Johnson's  con- 
versational abilities  and  moral  worth  than  Sir  James  en- 
tertained, as  we  shall  show  on  a  future  page. 

Johnson  himself  had  a  satisfactory  way  of  accounting 
for  the  absence  of  invitations  to  the  tables  of  the  great. 
"  Lords  and  ladies,"  he  remarked,  "  don't  like  to  have  their 
mouths  stopped."  But  the  truth  is,  as  Lord  Brougham 
very  correctly  remarks,  ,    ...   , 

"Th.at  in  those  days  no  one  was,  generally  speaking,  .admitted 
into  patrician  society  merely  for  the  intrinsic  merits  ot  his  writ- 
ings or  his  talk,  without  having  some  access  to  it  through  his  rank 
or  his  political  or  profesBional  eminence. ...  It  is  oquall.y  erroneous 
to  suppose  that  Johnson's  rough  exterior,  or  his  uncouth  and  even 
unpleasant  habits,  could  have  prevented  his  fame  and  his  conver- 
sation from  being  sought  after  to  adorn  aristocratic  parties  in 
later  times.  All  these  petty  obstacles  would  have  been  easily  got 
over  by  the  vanity  of  having  such  a  person  to  show,  and,  indeed, 
by  the  real  interest  which  the  disphay  of  his  colloquial  powers 
would  havo  possessed  among  a  more  refined  and  better-educated 
generation."— tires  of  Men  of  Letters,  rfjc. 
Horace  Walpolo  was  one  of  the  principal  ^S!f'^^^  "' 


979 


JOH 

fashion  dnring  the  whole  of  Johnson's  literary  reign  ;  nnd 
it  is  certain  that  he  would  never  have  subjected  his 
aristocratic  domains  to  the  Gothic  invasion  of  the  lexico- 
grapher. The  portrait  which  he  has  left  us  of  Johnson 
is  as  little  complimentary  as  that  drawn  by  Sir  James 
Mackintosh : 

"With  a  lumber  of  learning  and  some  strong  parts,"  says 
Horace,  "  Johnson  was  an  odious  and  mean  character.  By  prin- 
ciple a  Jacobite,  arrogant,  self-suflieient.  and  overbearing  by  na- 
ture, ungrateful  through  pride,  and  of  feminine  bigotry,  he  had 
prostituti'd  his  pen  to  party,  even  m  a  dictionary,  and  had  after- 
wards, fur  a  pension,  contradicted  his  own  definitions.  Ilis  man- 
ners were  sordid,  supercilious,  and  brutal;  his  style  ridiculously 
bombastic  and  vicious;  and,  in  one  word,  with  all  the  pedantry,  he 
had  all  the  gigantic  httlcness,  of  a  country  schoobnaster," — Me- 
moirs of  the  Reign  of  George  HI.-,  vol.  ii.  323. 

But  much  uf  tiie  efl'ect  of  the  dark  colours  of  this  pic- 
ture is  lost  upon  the  reader  when  he  remembers  Johnson's 
pertinacious  opposition  to  Sir  Robert  Walpole's  adaiiuis- 
tration  ;  and  especially  his  admission  to  Sir  George 
Staunton,  —  which  Horace  had  probably  heard,  —  that, 
when  he  made  parliamentary  speeches  for  the  Gentle- 
man's Magazine,  he  "always  took  care  to  put  Sir  Robert 
Walpole  in  the  wrong,  and  to  say  every  thing  he  could 
against  the  electorate  of  Hanover."  Johnson  admitted 
Tcry  frankly  that  he  did  not  forget  his  politics  when  com- 
posing these  celebrated  parliamentary  speeches.  When  com- 
mended, long  afterwards,  for  having  "  dealt  out  reason  and 
eloquence  with  an  equal  hand  to  both  partie?,"  *■  That  is 
cot  quite  true,"  said  Johnson:  "I  saved  appearances  tole- 
rably well ;  but  I  took  care  that  the  Whig  dogs  should  not 
have  the  best  of  it."  With  reference  to  Walpole's  sketch 
of  Johnson,  just  quoted,  we  may  add  that  the  celebrated 
Heroic  Epistle  in  which  Johnson  is  satirized  was  ascribed 
to  Walpole,  and  also  to  Mason,  or  to  both  combined. 
Lord  Chesterfield's  description  of  Johnson,  in  a  letter  to 
his  lordship's  son,  will  at  once  recur  to  many  of  our 
readers.  Boswell,  and  other  contemporaneous  chroni- 
clers, certainly  record  many  instances  of  colloquial  hma- 
querie — to  use  the  mildest  term — on  the  part  of  the  lexi- 
cographer, which  could  not  have  been  altogether  grateful 
to  the  feelings  of  even  the  humblest  of  the  great  man's 
admirer's.  Of  these  we  had  intended  to  quote  some  spe- 
cimens, but  our  limited  space  forbids.  One  amusing  in- 
cident, however,  must  not  be  omitted.  In  our  life  of 
Oliver  Goldsmith  wo  quoted  George  Colman's  glowing 
tribute  to  the  kindness  of  heart  and  manner  which  so 
pre-eminently  distinguished  that  wayward  son  of  genius. 
The  same  excellent  story-teller — certainly  one  of  the  best 
of  modern  days — has  loft  us  the  following  far  less  flatter- 
ing picture  of  Goldsmith's  "  guide,  philosopher,  and 
friend :" 

"  My  boyish  mind  had  anticipated  an  awful  Impression  when  I 
was  first  brought  unwittingly  into  the  presence  of  the  stupendous 
Johnson.  I  knew  not  then  that  be  bad  •  a  love  for  little  children,' 
calling  them 'pretty  dears  and  giving  them  sweetmeats,' as  Bos- 
well bath  since,  in  the  simplicity  of  his  heart,  narrated.  It  was 
my  hapless  lot.  however,  to  be  excluded  from  the  objects  of  this 
propension.  Perhaps,  at  my  age,  of  about  fourteen,  I  might  have 
been  too  old,  or  too  ugly;  but  the  idea  of  Johnson's  carrying  hon- 
hoiis  to  give  to  children  of  any  ag<^  is  much  like  supposing  that  a 
Greenland  bear  has  a  pocket  stuff'd  with  tartlets  fiT  travellers. 

"On  the  day  of  my  introduction  he  was  asked  to  tUnner  at  my 
father's  house,  in  Soho-square,  and  the  erudite  savage  came  a  full 
hour  before  bis  time.  I  happened  to  bo  with  my  father,  who  was 
beginning  his  toilette,  when  it  was  announced  to  him  that  the 
Doctor  bad  arrived.  My  sire,  being  one  of  the  tritnitiiry  princes 
who  did  homage  to  this  monarcli.  was  siimewli;Lt  flurried,  and, 
having  dressed  liimself  hastily,  took  me  with  hini  into  the  draw- 
ing-roum. 

"  On  our  entrance  we  found  Johnson  sitting  in  a.fautem1  of  rose- 
coloured  satin,  the  arms  and  legs  of  which  (of  the  chair,  remem- 
ber, not  of  the  Doctor)  were  of  burnish'd  gold,  and  the  contrast 
of  the  man  with  the  seat  was  very  striking:  an  unwjtsh'd  coal- 
heaver  in  a  vis-d-vis  could  not  be  much  more  misplaced  than  Jolm- 
Biin  tlms  ilrpositcd.  He  was  dress'd  in  a  rusty  suit  of  brown  cloth 
dil/'i^.  witJi  black  worsted  stockings;  his  old  yellow  wig  was  of 
formid;d>l<'  (hmensions;  and  the  learned  head  which  sustained  it 
roU'd  about  in  a  eeeniingly  paralytic  motion,  but,  in  the  perform- 
ance of  its  orbit,  it  inclined  chiefly  to  oue  shoulder,  whether  to 
the  right  or  left  I  cannot  now  remember. — a  fault  never  to  be  fur- 
given  by  certain  of  the  Tirn<hlhTi,  who  think  these  matters  of  the 
utmost  importance.  He  d'it;nM  not  to  rise  on  our  entrance,  ami 
we  stood  before  him  wliile  he  and  my  father  talk'd.  There  was 
Boon  a  pause  in  the  colloquy :  .ind  my  father,  making  his  advan- 
tage of  it,  took  mo  by  the  hand,  and  said,  'Doctor  Johnson,  this 
is  a  little  Colman.'  The  Doctor  bestow'd  a  slight,  ungraeious 
glance  upon  me,  and.  continuing  the  rotary  motion  of  his  head, 
renew'd  the  previous  conversation.  Again  there  was  a  pause ; — 
again  the  anxious  father,  who  had  fail'd  in  his  first  effort,  seized 
the  opportunity  for  pushing  his  progeny,  with.  'This  is  my  son, 
Do'^tur  .Idhiison.'  The  great  man's  contempt  for  me  was  now 
roused  iu  great  wrath  ;  and,  knitting  his  brows,  he  exclaim'd.  in  a 
voict;  of  tliuuder,  'I  see  him.  sir!'  Me  then  fell  back  in  his  rose- 
colour'd  satin  fauteuil,  as  if  giving  liimself  up  to  meditation,  im- 
plying that  he  would  not  be  further  plagued  cither  with  an  old 
fool  or  a  voung  one. 

"sao 


JOH 

"The  glgantick  Johnson  conld  not  be  easily  thrown  ont  at  win- 
■low,  particularly  by  my  undersized  sire;  but  he  deserved  to  be 
'qnnitrd  liowii  stairs,  like  a  shave-groat  shilling;'  not  exactly, 
perhiii'S.  f 'T  Ilis  hrutality  to  the  boy.  but  for  such  an  unprovoked 
insuH  to  the  t;itlier  of  whose  hospitalities  he  was  partaking.  This, 
how.vi-r.  i^  "Lily  one  among  the  numerous  traits  of  grossness  al- 
rciuiv  proiiiiil-;ited,  in  which  the  Bolt  Court  philosopher  completely 
falsified  the  principles  of  the  Koiuan  poet; 

■in  genuas  didicisse  fidelitcr  artes, 
Emollit  mores,  nee  sinit  esse  feros.' 
"After  this  mde  rebuff  from  the  Doctor,  I  had  the  additional 
felicity  to  be  placed  next  to  him  at  dinner.  He  was  silent  over 
his  meal;  but  I  observed  that  he  was,. as  Shylock  says  of  Lancelot 
Gobbo.  'a  huge  feeder;'  and.  during  the  display  of  his  voracity, 
(which  was  worthy  of  Bolt  Court.)  the  perspiration  fell  in  copious 
drops  from  his  visage  upon  the  table-cloth.  The  clumsiness  of  the 
bulky  .animal,  his  strange  costume,  his  uncouth  gestures,  yet  the 
dominion  which  he  usurped  withai.  rendered  bis  presence  a  phe- 
nomenon among  gentlemen  :  it  was  tlie  incursion  of  a  new  6i>ecie8 
of  barbarian,— a  learned  Attila,  King  of  the  Huns,  come  to  subju- 
gate polish'd  society.  Oliver  Goldsmith,  several  years  before  my 
luckless  presentation  to  Juhn'son.  proved  how  'doctors  differ.'  " 

Kead  the  conclusion  of  this  anecdote  on  page  693  of  this 
Dictionary;  commencing  with, 

"  I  was  only  five  years  old  when  Goldsmith  took  me  on  his  knee," 
&c. 

No  one  has  made  a  better  excuse  for  Johnson's  occa- 
sional roughness,  and  even  boorishness,  than  Sir  Walter 
Scott;  and  to  his  pages  (in  his  Life  of  Johnson)  we  must 
refer  the  reader : 

"He  was.  in  a  word,  despotic,"  remarks  Sir  Walter;  "and 
despotism  will  occaaionally  lead  the  best  dispositions  into  an  «n- 
beromiug  abuse  of  power.  It  is  not  likely  that  any  one  will  again 
enjoy,  or  have  an  opportunity  of  abusing,  the  singular  degree  of 
submission  which  was  rendered  to  Johusou  by  all  around  hmi." 

The  colloquial  monarch,  ruling  in  his  "pride  of  place/* 
has  been  well  described  by  Lord  Brougham: 

"  He  loved  to  fill  a  chair,  surrounded  with  a  circle  well  known 
to  him,  and^x  cathedra  to  deliver  his  judgments.  It  cannot  bo 
said  that  this  was  any  thing  like  a  high  style  of  conversatit-n.  It 
had  nothing  in  it  like  full  or  free  discussion ;  it  had  even  bttlo  like 
free  interchange  of  sentiments  or  opinions.  It  was  occasionally 
enlivened  by  wit,  oftener  broken  by  a  growl  or  a  sneer  from  him, 
and  from  him  alone.  But  bis  part  of  it  was  always  arrogant  and 
dictatorial;  nor,  after  men's  curiosity  had  once  been  giutified  by 
assisting  at  one  of  these  talks,  did  any  but  the  small  number  of 
bis  familiar  and  admiring  friends  often  desire  to  repeat  the  ex- 
periment. His  talk  was  most  commonly  for  victory,  rather  than 
directed  to  the  clearing  np  of  rational  doubt  or  the  ascertaining  of 
important  truth:  nor,  unless  upon  the  serious  subject  of  religion, 
and  upon  some  of  the  points  involved  in  the  Whig  and  Tory  con- 
troversy, did  he  ever  seem  tu  care  nmch  on  which  side  he  argued, 
dogmatized,  laughed  boisterously,  or  sneered  rudely."— Xii'W  of 
3fen  of  Letters,  rfc. 

Ilis  wonderful  conversational  abilities  have  been  the 
theme  of  unceasing  eulogy  from  this  day  to  our  own,  and 
cannot  fail  to  excite  the  admiration  of  our  latest  successors. 
"  When  animated  by  the  cheering  attention  of  friends  whom  be 
liked,  ho  would  give  full  scope  to  those  talents  for  narration,  in 
which  I  verily  think  he  was  unrivalled  both  Bi  the  brilliancy  of  his 
wit,  the  flow  of  his  humour,  and  the  energy  of  his  language." — 
Cumberland's  Memoirs. 

"  I  do  not  care  on  what  subject  Johnson  talks,  but  I  love  better 
to  hear  him  talk  than  anybody :  be  cither  gives  you  new  thoughts 
or  a  new  colouring." — Orme,  the  historian  of  India. 

"The  most  triumphant  record  of  the  talents  and  character  of 
Johnson  is  to  be  found  in  Eoswell's  Life  of  him.  The  man  was  su- 
perior to  the  author.  When  he  laid  aside  his  pen,  which  he  regarded 
as  an  encumbrance,  he  became  not  only  learned  and  thoughtful, 
but  acute,  witty,  humorous,  natural,  honest,  hearty,  and  deter- 
mined; 'the  king  of  good  fellows  and  wale  of  old  men.'  There  are 
ftd  many  smart  repartees,  profound  remarks,  and  keen  invectives 
to  be  found  in  Boswell's  'inventory  of  all  he  said,'  as  are  recorded 
of  any  celebrated  man.  The  lifr  and  dramatic  play  of  bis  conver- 
sation forms  a  contrast  to  his  written  wirJis.  Ilis  natural  powers 
and  undisguised  opinions  were  called  out  in  convivial  intercourse. 
In  public  he  practised  witli  the  foils:  in  private  be  unsheathed  the 
sword  of  controversy,  aud  it  was  tho  Ebro's  temper." — Hazlitt  on 
the  Pfviodical  JEssaj/ists. 

'■  There  was  a  pith  about  old  Samuel  which  nothing  could  stand 
up  against.  His  influence  was  not  so  much  that  of  an  author  as  a 
thinker.  lie  was  tho  most  powerful  intellect  in  the  world  of  books, 
lie  was  the  Jackson  of  the  literary  ring — the  judge — the  emperor 
—a  giant — acknowledged  tu  be  a  Saul  amongst  the  people.  Even 
David  Hume  would  have  been  like  a  woman  in  Ins  grasp;  but,  odd 
enough,  the  two  never  met." — Christopher  North:  I\'octes  Ambro- 
siiuiu;  April  2,  1822. 

"  Boswell's  Life  of  Johnson  is  so  replete  with  the  sayings  and 
thoughts  of  the  intellectual  giant,  wln'in  it  was  so  uuich  his  object 
to  elevate,  even  above  his  natural  r;ita^oiiiaii  stature,  that  it  may 
be  regarded  as  a  sort  of  autobin^r;ip1iy.  dietated  by  the  sage,  in  his 
moments  of  a6anrfo7i,  to  bis  ihvait  worsliipper.  It  is  not  goingtoo 
far  to  say  that  it  is  among  the  most  impular  books  in  the  English 
language.  .lohnson's  reputation  now  mainly  rests  on  that  bio- 
graphy?'— Sir  Archibald  Ausos:  Essa>/s,  1S50,  iii.  392;  and  in 
Blaclw.  Mag.,  Sept.  1849. 

"  Jolinson.  as  Mr.  Burke  most  justly  observed,  appears  far  greater 
in  Boswell's  books  than  in  his  own.  His  conversatiim  appears  to 
have  been  quite  equal  to  his  writings  in  matl-r.  and  far  superior  to 
them  in  manner.  When  he  talked,  he  clothed  bis  \\i\  and  bis  senso 
in  forcible  and  nattiral  expressions.  Ah  soon  as  he  took  lijs  pen  in 
haudtowriti'  for  till' I'liblir.  his  ,-,tyl<' b.-cann- svstemalically  vicious. 
.  .  .  The  repiitiitioii  of  thosi'  writings  whieh  he  prolialjly  expected 
to  be  immortid  is  every  day  fudlug;  while  those  peouliaritica  of 


JOH 

manner,  and  that  careless  table-talk,  tlio  memory  of  which,  lie  pro- 
bably thought,  would  die  with  him,  are  likely  to  be  remembered  iis 
l"ng  as  the  Englisli  language  is  spoken  in  any  quarter  of  the  globe." 
— T.  B.  Macaulay  :  Essai/s,  1S64,  iii.  398,  4U1 1  and  in  Edin.  Km., 
Sept.  1831. 

"How  much  is  Johnson  raised  in  our  estimation,  not  only  as  to 
intellect  but  personal  cliaracter,  by  the  industrious  caves-ilnjijpiiigs 
ot  Boswell,  sotting  down,  day  by  day,  in  his  note-book,  (be  frag- 
ments of  his  most  loose  and  unweighed  conversations?" — Lord 
Jeffrey:  Ksmys.  1860,  960;  and  in  Edin.  ifeu.,  Oct.  183.5. 

"  His  conversation,  which  was  one  ot  the  most  powerful  instrn- 
meuts  of  his  e.'ctensive  influence,  was  artificial,  dogmatic,  senten- 
tious, and  poignant;  adapted,  with  the  most  admirable  versatUity, 
to  every  subject  as  it  arose,  and  distinguished  bv  an  almost  unpa- 
rall.l.d  power  of  serious  repartee.  He  seems  to  have  considered 
liiiii-i  If  as  a  sort  of  colloquial  niagistiate,  who  inflicted  severe  pu- 
lll^llllli■llt  from  just  policy.  Hiscourseof  life  led  him  to  treat  those 
BLUsibdities,  which  such  severity  wounds,  as  fantastic  and  ellemi- 
natc;  and  he  entered  society  too  late  to  .acquire  those  habits  of 
pcilitencss  which  are  a  substitute  for  natural  delicacy  "—Sir  Ja.mes 
ItlACKlNTosn:  Mrmoirs  of  Ids  Life.  1S35,  2  vols.  Svo." 

We  have  already  recorded  Sir  James's  opinion  of  John- 
son's manners,  and  shall  have  occasion  hereafter  to  adduce 
his  testimony  to  the  general  excellence  of  his  character. 
Sir  Walter  Scott  remarks,  with  great  truth: 

"  Of  all  the  men  distinguished  in  tiiis  or  anv  r.thiT  n^e.  Dr.  John- 
son has  left  upon  posterity  the  strongest  and  I'lmst  (ivi.riiiipression, 
60  far  as  person,  manners,  disposition,  and  coii\n-i,s;)tion  aro  con- 
cerned. We  do  but  name  him.  or  open  a  book  which  he  lias  written, 
and  the  sound  and  action  recall  to  the  imagination,  at  once,  his  form, 
lus  merits,  his  peculiarities,— nay,  the  very  uncouthness  of  his  ges- 
tures, and  the  deep  impressive  tone  of  his  voice.  ...  He  is  in  our 
liijn.l's  eye  a  persuniflcation  as  lively  as  that  of  Siddons  in  Lady 
Macbctli.  or  Kemble  in  Cardinal  Wolsey."— ii/t:  of  Johmon. 

Perhaps  no  one  has  drawn  so  admirable  a  miniature 
from  Boswell's  full-length  portrait  of  Johnson  as  Mr. 
Macanlay  has  presented  to  us : 

••Johnson  grown  old,  Johnson  in  the  fulness  of  his  fame  and  in 
the  enjoyment  of  a  competent  fortune,  is  better  known  to  us  than 
any  other  man  in  history.  Every  thing  about  him,— his  coat,  his 
wig,  his  figure,  his  face,  his  scrofula,  his  St.  Vitus's  dance,  his  roll- 
ing walk.  Ids  blinking  eye.  the  outward  signs  which  too  clearly 
marked  his  approbation  of  his  dinner,  his  i'nsatialilo  appetite  for 
fish  sauce  and  veal-pie  with  pinras.  liis  iiie.\tiii;;uishable  thirst  for 
te,a,hi3  trickof  Innehiiig  the  p.^ts  as  lie  wi,lli..d.  his  mysterious 
practice  of  treasuring  up  ,.anip«  ,,r  uiaii^r.p,..!,  I,j3  morning  slum- 
bers, his  midnight  dispulationa.  his  conlortions.  his  mutterings,  his 
gruntings,  his  puffings,  his  vigorous,  .acute,  and  ready  eloquence, 
his  sarcastic  wit,  his  vehemence,  bis  insolence,  his  fits  of  tempestu- 
ous rage,  his  queer  inmates,  old  Mr.  Levett  and  blind  Mrs.Willianis, 
the  cat  Ibid^'r  aud  the  negro  Frank,— all  ore  as  familiar  to  us  as  the 
objects  by  wlii.h  we  have  been  surrounded  from  childhood.  .  .  .  .\s 
we  close  it  [B.jswell's  Johnsonl  the  eliib-room  is  before  us,  and  the 
tableon  which  stands  th'  mielil  f.r  Ntigent  .and  the  lemons  for 
Johnson,  laiere  are  a-,  nill.d  tl.ose  he.ads  which  live  forever  on 
the  canvas  of  Reynolds.  There  are  the  spectacles  of  Burko  and 
the  tall  thin  form  of  Laugton,  the  courtly  sneer  of  Beauclcrk  and 
the  beaming  smile  of  Garrick,  Oibbon  tjipping  his  snutt-box  and 
Sir  Joshua  with  his  trumpet  in  his  ear.  In  the  foreground  is  that 
slrange  figure  wdiich  is  as  fainili.ir  to  us  as  the  figures  of  those 
among  whom  we  h.ave  been  brought  u]\  the  gigantic  body,  the  hu^-e 
massy  face  seamed  with  the  scars  of  disease,  the  hrown  coat,  the 
black  worsted  stockings,  the  grey  wig  with  the  scorched  foretnp, 
the  dirty  hands,  the  nails  bitten  and  pared  to  the  quick.  We  see 
the  eyes  and  mouth  moving  with  convulsive  twitches ;  we  see  the 
heavy  form  rolUng;  we  hear  it  puffing:  and  then  comes  the  '  Wliy, 
sir!'  and  the  'What  then,  sir!'  and  the  'No,  sir  I'  and  the  'You 
don't  see  your  w.ay  through  the  question,  sir!'"— Rsaus  1864  i 
S75-~37lJ.  400-401;  and  in  Etiin.  Hev.,  Sept.  1831. 

Johnson's  "inextinguishable  thirst  for  tea"  forms  so 
prominent  an  item  of  his  personal  character,  that  we  must 
permit  our  reader  to  behold  the  sage  at  one  tea-p.arty  at 
least;  and  this  shall  be  .at  "  Cumbey's"  table,  where  the 
great  man  spent  many  a  happy  hour  of  social  chat: 

"At  the  teartable  he  made  considerable  demands  iiiion  his  favourite 
beverage,  and  I  remember  when  Sir  Joshua  Reynolds  at  my  house 
remindi'd  him  that  he  had  drank  eleven  cups,  he  replied,  '  Sir,  I  did 
not  ciunt  your  glasses  of  wine :  why  should  you  number  up  my 
cups  of  tea  r  And  then,  laughing  in  perfect  good-humour,  he  added  • 
'Sir,  I  shcnild  have  released  the  lady  from  any  furtlier  tmuble,  if  it 
had  not  been  for  your  remark;  but  you  have  remiiidrd  trie  that  I 
want  one  of  the  dozen,  and  I  must  request  .Mrs.  Cumberland  to 
round  up  my  number.'  When  he  saw  the  readiness  and  cimipla- 
cency  with  which  ray  wife  obeyed  his  call,  he  turned  a  kind  and 
cheerful  look  upon  her,  aud  said.  '  Madam,  I  must  tell  you,  for  your 
comfort,  you  have  escaped  much  better  than  a  certain  lady  did 
a  while  ago  upon  whose  patience  I  intruded  greatly  more  than  I 
have  done  on  j'ours ;  but  the  lady  asked  me  for  no  "other  purpose 
than  to  unake  a  Zany  of  me,  and  set  me  gabbling  to  a  parcel  of 
people  I  knew  nothing  of:  so.  ni.adam.  I  had  my  revenge  of  her: 
for  I  swallowed  five-and-twenty  cups  of  her  tea.  and  did  not  treat 
her  with  as  m.any  words.'  I  can  only  say  my  wife  w^ould  have  ni.ade 
tea  for  him  as  long  as  the  New  Uiver  could  have  supplied  her  with 
w.ater." — Ciiinhfrlan/Ps  Memoirs. 

Poor  Jonas  Hanway  found  to  his  cost  that  .Johnson  was 
as  ready  to  take  up  the  cudgels  on  behalf  of  his  favourite 
beverage  as  he  was  to  drink  it.  As  Mr.  Macaulay  also  refers 
to  that  famous  tabby,  the  cat  "  Hodge,"  this  respectable 
quadruped  must  not  be  forgotten  in  our  sketch  of  the  lexi- 
cogr.'ipher.  And,  indeed,  we  know  not  a  passage  we  could 
better  select  as  an  instance  of  the  manner  in  which  Boswell 
jots  down  the  most  trilling  remarks  which  fell  from  the  lips 


JOH 

of  his  illustrious  friend,  than  the  one  in  which  "Hodge" 
forms  the  principal  subject  of  discourse : 

"  Nor  would  it  be  just  under  this  lie,id."  says  Boswell.  "  to  omit 
the  fondness  which  he  showed  for  animals  which  he  had  taken 
under  Ins  prot,cti.,n.  I  never  shall  forget  the  indulgence  with 
which  he  Ir.  ated  Ib.dge,  his  cat,  for  whom  ho  himself  used  to  go 
out  and  buy  ..yslers.  lest  the  servants,  having  that  trouble,  should 
take  a  disbke  to  the  poor  creature.  I  am,  unluckily,  one  of  those 
who  have  an  antipathy  to  a  cat,  so  that  1  am  uneasy  when  in  the 
room  with  one ;  and  I  own  I  frequently  suffered  a  good  deal  from 
the  presence  of  this  same  H..dg<>.  I  recollect  him  one  dav  scranib- 
liiigup  llr.  .b.biisc.u's  Imast.  :,p|,arenlly  with  much  satisfaction, 
while  my  lii.'nd,  smibiig  and  half  whittling,  rubbed  down  his  back, 
and  imlled  him  by  tie- tail;  and  when  I  observed  he  was  a  fine  cat, 

[rather  liyi ritieal.  we  fear.  Jemmy  Boswell.]  saying,  'Why.  yes, 

sir;  but  I  have  had  eats  whom  I  liked  better  than  thfs;'  antl  then, 
as  if  perceiving  Hodge  to  be  out  of  countenance,  adding,  'But  he  is 
a  very  fine  cat,— a  very  fine  cat  indeed.' " 

We  giye  another  amusing  extract  from  Boswell's  inva- 
luable record,  which  is  also  quoted  (not  quite  accurately) 
by  Lord  Brougham,  with  a  very  appropriate  introduction: 

"  They,  however,  who  only  gaw  this  distingni-'lied  jierson  once 
or  twice  in  society,  were  apt  to  form  a  very  ei  rune.ais  estimate  of 
his  temper,  which  was  not  at  all  morose  or  'sullen,  hut  rallier  kindly 
aud  sociable.  He  loved  relaxation  ;  be  enioyed  nii-ri  inient ;  he  even 
liked  to  indulge  insporliv.  :in  i  i  hn  lol  pli  a'santrv,  when  his  animal 
spirits  were  gay.— pi. ;,- mrn  in.[,r,|,  ..i.^uewhi'it  lumbering,  but 
agreeable  from  its  perf  I  I  le;Mliie -s.  Nothing  can  be  more  droll 
than  the  scene  of  this  kind  of  which  Mr.  Boswell  Ims  preserved  tho 
account,  and  into  the  humour  of  which  he  seems  to  have  been  in- 
capable of  entering.  When  some  one  was  mentioned  as  having 
come  to  Mr.  (afterward  Sir  Win.)  t'hauibers.  t.i  draw  his  will,  giviii"- 
his  estate  tc.  his  si^ters..rnllo»nn.ll.i.■^ted.  as  il  had  iiul  been  gained  by 
trade.  '  If  it  bad,'  said  ],<■.  •  he  might  have  lefl  it  tu  the  .log  Towser, 
and  let  him  keep  his  ..wn  name.'  He  then  went  on  laughing  im- 
moderately at  the  test, :1m:  as  ho  kept  calling  him.  'I  dare  say,' 
said  he,  ■  ho  thinks  be  has  d.iiie  a  mighty  thing:  he  won't  wait  till 
he  gets  home  to  his  seat :  he'll  .all  up  tli.'  lan.lli.nl  of  the  first  inn 
on  the  road,  and,  after  a  snitabl.'  pr.fa.-.-  ..ii  ni..itality  and  the  un- 
certainty of  life,  will  tell  lum  that  h.-  fli..ul.l  not  ilelay  making  his 
will ;  an.l  here,  sir,  will  he  say.  is  my  will,  which  I  have  just  made, 
with  the  assistance  of  one  of  th.>  abl.-sf  lawyers  in  the  kingdom, 
and  he  will  read  it  to  hiui.*  (Johns.. n  laughing  all  the  time.)  'He 
b.Ii.v.s  b..  has  made  this  will:  but  he  did  not  make  it:  yon, 
Chan. I. .IS.  made  it  for  him.  I  trust  you  have  had  more  conscience 
tlian  f..  make  him  s.ay  being  of  sound  understamling — ha!  ha!  ha! 
I  hop.,  he  has  left  me  a  l.-..',icy.  I'd  have  his  will  turned  into  verse, 
Uko  a  ballad!'  •  .M  i .  I  l.an.l.irs,'  says  Boswell,  '  didn't  by  any  means 
relish  this  joculai  it_\-,  u[.i.n  a  matter  of  which  pars  magna  fttif, 
and  seemed  inijiatieut  till  he  got  rid  of  us.  Johnson  couldn't  stop 
his  merriment,  but  continued  it  all  the  way,  till  he  got  without  the 
Temple  Gate:  he  then  burst  into  such  a  fit  of  laughter,  that  he 
appeared  to  be  almost  in  a  convnision,  and,  in  order  to  support 
himself  laid  hold  of  one  of  the  posts  on  the  side  of  the  foot-pave- 
ment, and  sent  forth  peals  so  loud  that,  in  the  silence  of  the  night, 

his  v.iice  seemed  to  resound  from  Temple  Bar  to  Fleet  Ditch.' " 

Lives  of  Men  of  Letters,  d^c. 

It  is  easy  to  see,  as  Lord  Brougham  remarks,  that  "  Bos- 
well was  incapable  of  entering  int.i  the  humour  of  this 
scene,"  and  the  tuoral  reflections  with  which  he  closes  the 
graphic  sketch  just  recorded  are  as  amusing  as  any  of  its 
details : 

"  This  most  ludicrous  exhibition  of  the  awful,  melancholy,  and 
venerable  Johnson  happened  well  to  counteract  the  feelings  of  sad- 
ness which  I  used  to  experience  when  parting  with  him  for  a  con- 
siderable time.  I  accompanied  him  to  his  door,  where  he  gave  mo 
his  lilessing." 

7.  De.  Johnson's  Mohai.  and  Religious  Character. 

The  attention  of  this  great  man  was  at  an  early  age 
turned  to  the  consideration  of  those  important  truths  which 
only  the  foolish  and  the  thoughtless  dare  to  slight,  and 
which  dem.and  a  large  share  of  the  mind  and  heart  of 
every  accountable  and  immortal  being. 

"When  at  Oxford."  remarks  Johnson,  "I  took  up  Law's  Serious 
Call  to  a  Holy  Life,  expecting  to  find  it  a  dull  book,  (as  such  liooks 
generally  are,)  and  perhaps  to  Laugh  at  it.  But  I  found  Law  i|uite 
an  overmatch  for  me;  and  this  was  the  first  occasion  of  my  think- 
ing in  e.arn..st  of  r.-ligion  after  I  became .■aiiable..f  rafi..nal  enquiry." 

"  From  this  tiiii.-  f..rwar.l,"  ...ntinues  his  bi..L'r;.pber.  ■' r.-li;.d..n 
w.as  the  pred.iiiiinant  ..l.j.-ct  of  his  th.iughts:  tb.ai^h.  with  the'jnst 
sentiments  of  a  conscieuti.ms  t'bristian.^he  lament.-d  that  his  pnuy 
tice  of  its  duties  f.'ll  far  sh..i  t  ..f  what  it  ought  to  be." 

With  his  religious  peculiarities  of  doctrine  or  observance 
we  have  here,  of  course,  no  concern  ;  and,  did  their  con- 
sideration legitimately  enter  into  our  province,  we  trust 
that  we  should  feel  no  temptation  to  indulge  in  those  un- 
becoming sneers  at  alleged  superstitions  and  rigid  cere- 
monials which  have  disgraced  critics  who  imagined  they 
were  ridiculing  the  subject  of  their  shallow  wit. 

"  F.-w  ni.ii,"  says  L(.rd  Brougham,  ••have  perhaps  ever  hved,  in 
whose  fhoiights  religion  had  a  larger  or  more  practical  share.  .  .  . 
He  was  friendly,  and  actively  so,  in  the  greatest  degree;  he  was 
charitable  even  beyond  what  prudential  considerations  might 
justify;  as  firmly  as  he  believed  the  gospel,  so  constantly  did  he 
j.ractise  its  divine  maxim,  '  that  it  is  more  blessed  to  give"  than  to 
receive.'  .  .  .  His  habitual  piety,  his  sense  of  his  own  imperfections, 
his  generally  blameless  conduct  in  the  various  relations  of  life, 
hav.-  bi-en  alr.-ady  sufficiently  described,  and  have  been  illustrated 
ill  th.-  |.i-e..-.hiig  narrative.  He  was  a  good  man.  as  he  was  a  great 
man ;  and  ho  had  so  firm  a  regard  for  vii-tue  that  he  wisely  set 


Jon 

mnch  p-rater  store  by  his  worth  than  hy  his  f.ime."— lives  of  ilcn 
of  Letters^  t£c.  •' 

"Ho  loveJ  the  poor  as  I  never  yet  saw  any  one  else  loTe  them, 
with  an  earnest  desire  to  make  them  happy.  In  pursuance  of  these 
principles,  he  nursed  whole  nests  of  people  hi  his  house,  where  the 
lame,  the  bUnd,  the  sick,  and  the  sorrowful  found  a  sure  retreat  " 
— Mrs.  Turale. 

"Though  consciousness  of  superiority  might  sometimes  induce 
him  to  carry  it  high  with  man,  (and  even  this  was  much  abated  in 
tlie  latter  part  of  life,)  his  devotions  have  shown  to  the  whole  world 
liow  humbly  he  walked  at  all  times  with  his  God."— Bishop  Horne. 

-If,  then.  It  bo  asked,  who  first,  in  England,  at  this  period, 
breasted  the  waves  and  stemmed  the  tide  of  infidelity,— who,  en- 
listing wit  and  eloquence,  together  with  argument  and  learning,  on 
the  side  of  revealed  religion,  first  turned  the  literary  current  in  its 
favour,  and  mainly  prepared  the  reaction  which  succeeded,- that 
praise  seems  most  justly  to  belong  to  Dr.  Samuel  Johnson.  Behgion 
was  with  him  no  mere  lip-service  nor  cold  formality :  he  was  niiud- 

j  i,  "  '"  ^^'  social  hours  as  much  as  in  his  graver  lucubrations ; 
and  he  brought  to  it,  not  merelv  erudition  such  as  few  indeed  pos- 
sessed, but  the  weight  of  the  highest  character,  and  the  respect 
which  even  his  enemies  could  not  deny  him.  It  m.ay  bo  said  of  him 
that,  though  not  in  orders,  he  cUd  the  Church  of  England  better 
service  than  most  of  those  who  at  iTiat  listless  era  ate  her  bread  " 
—Lord  Mahon  :  Hist  nf  England,  vol.  vi. 

"His  moral  principles  (if  the  language  may  be  allowed)  partook 
of  the  Vigour  of  his  understanding.  He  wa.s  conscientious,  sincere 
determined;  and  his  pride  Wiis  no  more  than  a  steady  conscious- 
ness of  superiority  in  the  most  valuable  qualities  of  human  nature. 
Ills  friendships  were  not  only  lirm,  but  generous  and  tender  be- 
y'^.J*,^,''"8Seil  exterior."— Sir  J.umes  JUcki.mosh  :  Memmrs  of  his 

Sir  AValter  Scott  remarks  (in  his  Life  of  Johnson)  that, 
when  Johnson  dieJ,  "virtue  was  deprived  of  a  steady  sup- 
porter, and  that  all  the  deductions  which  can  be  made 
for  his  prejudices  of  opinion  and  "violence  and  solecism.s 
in  manners"  still  leave  "his  talents,  morals,  and  benevo- 
lence alike  irreproachable." 

Hazlitt,  (in  his  Lecture  on  the  Periodical  Essayists,) 
after  summing  up  Johnson's  many  good  qualities,  and  re- 
ferring to  his  prejudices,  concludes  with  : 

"His  were  not  time-serving,  heartless,  hypocritical  prejudices: 
l-ut  deep,  inwoven,  not  to  be  rooted  out  but  with  life  and  hope 
which  he  found  from  old  habit  necessary  to  his  own  peace  of  mind 
and  thought  so  to  «e  peace  of  mankind.  I  do  not  hate,  but  love 
.WMK  ■  ■?;,  ^'."'y  ?■"''  between  hunself  and  his  conscience,  and 
should  be  left  to  that  higher  tribunal 

"  *  Where  they  in  trembling  hope  repose, — 
The  bosom  of  his  Father  and  his  God  ' 
I?  "  a  ■<^ord,  ho  has  left  behiml  him  few  wiser  or  better  men  " 
That,  with  all  his  coarseness  and  irritability,  he  was  a  man  of 
sterhng  benevolence,  has  long  been  acknowledged.    But  how  gentle 
and  endearing  his  deportment  could  bo.  was  not  known  till  the 
RccoUections  of  Madame  D'Arblay  were  published."—!.  B.Miciu- 
LAT :  .Essays,  lS5i,  iii.  309. 

"The  comparison  which  we  have  instituted  [between  Milton  and 
Johnson]  has  compelled  us  to  notice  Johnson's  defects ;  but  we  trust 
we  axe  not  blind  to  his  merits.     His  stately  march,  his  pomp  and 
power  of  langiiage,  his  strength  of  thought,  his  reverence  for  virtue 
and  religion,  his  vigorous  logic,  his  practical  wisdom,  his  insight 
into  the  springs  of  human  action,  and  the  solemn  pathos  which 
occasionally  pervades  his  descriptions  of  life  ami  his  references  to 
ms  own  history,  command  our  wiUing  admiration."— W.M   Eller? 
l-HAN.viNa:  Remarks  on  the  Character  amiWritings  of  John  ililton. 
The  accounts  which  have  been  handed  down  to  us  of 
the  last  days  of  Johnson's  life  form  one  of  the  most  inte- 
resting portions  of  Engli.^h   literary  annnls.     It  was  on 
the  13(h  of  December,   1784,  that  ho  was  called  to  the 
rest  which  remaineth   for  those  who  cast  themselves  in 
humble  confidence  and  undoubting  trust  upon  the  promises 
of  that  Redeemer  who  is  the  saint's  dependence  and  the 
sinner's  hope.    We  may  not  doubt  that  to  him  the  exchange 
was  a  happy  one.     Error  there  had  been  in  his  life:  for 
who  13  there  among  the  children  of  men  who  hath  not  trans- 
gressed ?     But  there  had   been  hearty  repentance,   deep 
contrition,  and  fervent  faith.     He  had  proved  his  faith 
too,  by  works  of  charity  and  deeds  of  love.     Ho  had  been 
literally  "  eyes  to  the  blind  and  feet  to  the  lame."     Ho  had 
"strengthened  him  that  was  reailv  to  perish,  and  he  had 
upholden  the  fallen."     His  bread  "had  been  "dealt  to  the 
hungry,  and  the  poor  and  cast-out  he  had  brought  to  his 
home."     The  promise  was  fulfilled  to  him,  as  it  hath  ever 
been  to  those  who  rely  upon  its  merciful  assurance:  "In 
the  time  of  trouble,"  God  remembered  him,  and  freed  him 
from  that  "  bondage"  which  had  so  long  held  him  in  "  fear 
of  death  :"  he  resigned  his  soul  into  the  hands   of  his 
Creator  with  filial  confidence  and  triumphant  hope. 

Johnson,  Samuel  B.,  Lieut.  U.  States  Navy.d.  1820 
Letters  from  Chili,  1S16. 

Johnson,  Mrs.  Sarah  Barclay.  Hadji  in  Syria: 
or.  Three  Years  in  Jerusalem,  I'hila.,  ISoS,  12mo  See 
Lon.  A  then.,  l.HoS,  I't.  2,  VX',. 
Johnson,  Rev.  T.  Hist,  of  Berwick-upon-Tweed. 
Johnson,  T.  B.  1.  Gamekeeper's  Direct.,  Lon.,  12mo. 
2.  Hunting  Direct.,  8vo.  3.  Shooter's  Companion,  12mo' 
see  Lon.  Sport,  Mag.  J.  Shooter's  Preceptor  ;  new  ed.,  ISh' 
12mo.     See  Works  of  the  Rev.  Sydney  Smith,  1804,  ii.  180 


JOII 

j  5.  bporlsmau's  Cyclopedia,  Svo;  £1  11a.  6A    A  beautiful 
I  work,   with   50    steel    engravings,   after    Cooper,   Ward, 
Hancock,  Ac.  ' 

Johnson,  Theodore  T.  Sights  in  the  Gold  Re- 
gions, N.  York.  ISJil,  12mo. 

Johnson,  Thomas.  1.  Pathwaye  to  Readinge,  Lon., 
1590.     2.   Cornucopia-,  1595,  4to  :  on  natural  history. 

Johnson,  Thomas,  M.D.,  d.  1644,  a  learned  bota- 
nist, pub.  a  trans,  of  Ambrose  Parey's  medical  and  surgical 
works,  edits.  1C34-T8,  and  several  botanical  works,  of  which 
Iter  in  Agrum  Cantianum,  1620,  and  Ericetum  Hamstedia- 
num,  1632,  were  the  first  local  catalogues  of  plants  pub. 
in  England.  He  also  pub.  an  enlarged  and  amended  cd. 
of  Gerarde's  Herbal,  1633,  '34,  '36,  fob;  1744,  Svo.  Sea 
Gerarde,  Jobs.  See  also  Athen.  Oxon.:  Lloyd's  Me- 
moirs;   Pulteuey's  Sketches. 

Johnson,  "Thomas,  Fellow  of  Eton  College,  and  of 
Magdalene   Coll.,  Camb.,  pub.  Questiones  Philosophies, 
an  ed.  of  Sophocles,  1705-06,  3  vols.,  and  some  other  clas- 
sical  and  theolog.  works. 
Johnson,  Thomas.     Serm.,  1731,  Svo. 
Johnson,  Thomas.     Reasons  for  Dissenting  from 
the  Established  Church;  new  ed.,  Lon.,  1834,  18mo. 
Johnson,  W.  B.   Animal  Chemistry,  1803, 3  vols.  Svo. 
Johnson,  W.  G.     Braintrec  Case,  Lon.,  1843,  Svo 
Johnson,  Rev,  \V.  R.     Historical  works,  Ac,  1807- 
12,  <tc. 

Johnson,  Prof.  Walter  R.,  of  Philadelphia.  1. 
Natural  Philosophy,  on  the  basis  of  J.  M.  Mofi'at,  Phila., 
1835,  12mo;  originally  entitled.  Scientific  Class-Book, 
Part  1.  2.  Chemistry,  on  the  basis  of  J.  M.  Moffat, 
1835,  12mo;  originally  entitled  Seiontific  Class-Book, 
Part  2.  3.  Notes  on  the  use  of  Anthracite  Coal  in  the 
Manufacture  of  Iron,  Best.,  1841,  12mo.  4.  First  Amer. 
ed.  of  Prof.  F.  Knapp's  Chemical  Technology,  Phila.i 
1848,  2  vols.  Svo.  5.  First  Amer  ed.  of  Prof.  J.  Weis- 
bach's  Mechanics,  1849,  2  vols.  Svo.  See  Gordon,  Prof. 
Lewis.  6.  The  Coal-Trade  of  British  America,  &c  i 
Washington,  1850,  Svo. 

Johnson,  William.  The  Light  of  Navigation;  con- 
taining the  Coasts  and  Havens  of  the  West,  North,  and 
East  Seas.  Amst.,  1612,  4to. 

Johnson,  William,  Chymist,  pub.  a  chemical  lexi- 
con, Lou.,  1651,  '60,  Svo,  and  a  tract  on  6.  Thompson's 
Galeno  Pale  and  Odowde's  Poor  Man's  Physician,  1665, 

Johnson,  William,  D.D.,  d.  1666,  aged  54,  pub. 
three  serms.,  161)4-71). 

Johnson,  Sir  William,  d.  in  New  York,  1774,  an 
eminent  military  officer,  pub.,  in  Phil.  Trans.,  1773,  a 
paper  on  the  Customs,  Manners,  and  Languages  of  tho 
Northern  Indians  of  America. 

Johnson,  William.  Union  with  Ireland,  1798,  Svo. 
Johnson,  William,  d.  1848,  a  native  of  Middletown, 
Conn.,  gr.aduated  at  Yale  College,  1788;  reporter  of  tho 
Supreme  Ct.  of  N.  Y'ork,  1806-23,  and  of  the  Ct.  of  Chan- 
cery of  N.  York,  1814-23.  1.  Trans,  of  D.  A.  Azuni's 
Sistema  Universale  dei  ])rincipii  del  diritto  maritimo 
deir  Europa,  N.  Y'ork,  1806,  2  vols.  Svo. 

"The  student  will  find  this  work  highly  valuable  on  account  of 
tlie  numerous  biographical  and  bibliographical  notices  by  the 
author  and  his  trunaUUr."— Hoffman' s  Leg.  .««..  Ui.  See  also 
a  Kent  3  Com.,  4.  n. ;  Pref.  to  Johnson's  trans. ;  Man-in's  Leg.  Bib.,  81. 
2.  N.  Y'ork  Supremo  Ct,  Ac.  Reports,  1799-1S03-  N 
York,  1808-12,  3  vols.  Svo;  2d  ed.,  by  L.  B.  Shepard, 
1846,  3  vols.  Svo.  3.  N.  York  Supreme  Ct.,  &c.  Reports' 
1806-23;  3d  ed.,  Phila.,  1839,  20  vols.  Svo ;  a»ain  N 
York,  1S45,  20  vols.  Svo.  4.  N.  York  Chancery  Reports,  4c  ' 
1814-23 ;  2d  ed.,  Phila.,  1825-29, 7  vols.  Svo;  N.  Y'ork,  1836, 
7  vols.  Svo.  5.  Digest  of  Cases  in  Supreme  Ct.  of  N.  York! 
Ac,  Albany,  1825,  2  vols.  Svo  ;  Phila.,  1S38,  3  vols,  in  2,  Svo. 
Johnson's  Reports  are  of  the  highest  .authority,  and  con- 
j  stantly  appealed  to.  See  6  Law  Reg.,  291;"Hoff.  Leo- 
[  Stu.,  16S;  1  U.  S.  Law  Jour.,  175,  499,  ii.  283 ;  1  Anc  h. 
I.  9  Story's  Bills,  ?  99,  n. ;  Story's  Part,,  ^  280,  n.;  jTsie, 
n. ;  Marvin's  Leg.  Bib.,  426  :  Sharswood's' Profess.  E'thics, 
126;  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  140.  The  review  just  cited  is  by 
Judge  Story,  and  will  also  be  found  in  his  Miscell.  Writ. 
148.     See  also  his  Life  and  Letters,  i.  377,  379. 

"  No  lawyer  can  ever  express  a  better  wish  for  his  country's  juris- 
prudence than  that  it  may  possess  such  a  Cliancellor  [Kent]  and 
such  a  ne|)orter."— JmiOE  Story  :  Miscr.lt.  Writings,  1852,  179 

"  Jolmsim  was  the  author  of  the  Life  of  Chancellor  Kent  in  tho 
National  I'ortrait-tiallery  of  Distinguished  Americans,  and  the 
latter  dedicated  to  him  liis  Commentaries. 

"  Johnson  w.-is  a  man  of  pure  and  elevated  character,  an  able 
lawyer,  a  cl.issical  scholar,  a  gentleman,  and  a  Christian."— IIov. 
JciKiE  DUER :  Letter  to  tlie  author  of  this  Dictionari/,  N.  I'ark,  tib. 


JOH 

Johnson,  William,  of  Cbarloston,  S.C.,  Associate 
JuJ-e  or  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  U.  States,  d.  nt 
Brooklyn,  1S34.  Life  and  Corresp.  of  Major-General 
Greene,  of  the  U.  States  Army.  Charleston,  1822,  2  vols. 
4to.  See  Blackw.  Mag.,  xvii.  68 ;  Peters's  Reports,  vol. 
ix.;  Lee,  Henrv,  1787-1837. 

Johnson,  William,  and  Nicholson,  Peter.  The 
Carpenter's  New  Guide;  loth  ed..  Phila.,  1854,  4to;  16th 
ed.,  entitled  Carpenter's  New  Guide,  by  Peter  Nicholson; 
revised  by  N.  K.  Davis,  1856,  4to. 

Johnson,  William,  b.  at  Ladies'  Island,  S.C,  1811. 
1  Infant  Baptism  argued  from  Analogy.  2.  The 
Church's  Argument  for  Christianity.  3.  Examination 
of  Snodgrass  on  Apostolic  Succession.  4.  Examination 
of  Confirmation  Examined.  5.  Memoir  of  Rev.  N.  P. 
Knapp      Edited  Select  Sermons  of  N.  P.  Knapp. 

Johnson,  William  Martin,  d.  1796,  at  Jamaica, 
Lou.'  Island,  New  York,  was  tho  author  of  a  number  of 
poems,  some  of  which  will  be  found  in  Duyekincks'  Cyc. 
of  Aiuer.  Lit.     See  also  Democratic  Rev.,  i.  293,  4jS. 

Johnson,  William  Moore,  andExley,  Thomas. 
The  Imi.crial  Encyclopa-dia,  1809,  4  vols.  4to. 

Johnson.     See  Johnston  and  Johnstone. 

Johusone,  Rev.  Fowler  Ue.  Vindie.  of  the  Book 
of  Genesis,  Lon.,  1838,  8vo.  ,      .        r 

'■In  this  work  Dr.  Buckland'3  objections  to  the  first  cliapter  ol 
Genesis  are  met  aud  answered."— ioicmfes's  Brit.  Lib.,  140. 

Johnston,  A.  J.     Excheiiucr  Bill,  Lon.,  1842,  Svo. 

Johnston,  or  Johnson,  Alexander,  M.D.,^i.  1799, 
aged  83.     Tracts  on  Drowned  Persons,  Lon.,  1773,  both 

Johnston,  Alexander.     Con.  to  Med.  Com.,  1788. 

Johnston,  Alexander.     Con.  to  Med.  Com.,  1795. 

Johnston,  Alexander  Keith,  Geographer  at  Edin- 
buri'h  in  Ordinary  to  her  Majesty,  and  one  of  the  most 
u*ef°ul  writers  of  the  day,  w.-is  b.  Dec.  28, 1804.  at  Kirkhill, 
in  the  county  of  Midlothian,  Scotland.  1.  The  Nation.al 
Atlas  of  General  and  Physical  Geography,  Edin.,  imp.  fob, 
1843,  £8  8«.;  Index,  1848,  7s.  6d.;  2d  ed.,  1849,  half- 
bound,  £4  40. ;  3d  ed.,  1855,  £4  Us.  6d. ;  plates  and  notes, 

half-Russia,  £8  8s.  ,..,., 

'■As  accurate  in  their  geographical  details  as  they  are  beautilul 
in  their  execution."— Sm  David  Brewster. 

Also  highly  commended  in  Alison's  Hist,  of  Europe,  by 
Professors  Traill  and  Jameson,  by  Dr.  ■Whewcll,  Wm.  Gal- 
braith,  and  other  eminent  authorities. 

2.  Tho  Physical  Atlas  of  Natural  Phenomena,  1847-49, 
imp  fob,  30  maps,  £10  10s.;  reduced  ed.,  1849,  imp.  4to, 
25  maps,  £2  12s.  6rf. ;  new  ed.,  1854-56,  12  Pts.  fob,  at 
21s.  each  ;  £12  12s.  complete. 

-The  execution  of  the  plates  corresponds,  in  the  elegance  and 
perspicuity  of  the  engraviug,  with  the  scientific  solidity  of  the  ma- 
terials."—BiRON  Alexanoer  Von  Uumbolbt  :  d  Suns  Suum,  Uth 
AuQUf't,  1S48.  .     .         ....  .       i 

""  Your  Atlas  will  do  more  benefit  to  the  knowledge  of  our  planet, 
in  all  its  relations,  than  all  the  monstrous  KncjclopcUa!,  Cyclope- 
dia:, and  Libraries  of  Useful  Knowledge  could  effect."— Baron  Lto- 
polu  Von  BucH:  Berdti.  3'i  J«iy.  1S48.  ,    .     ,, 

"  I  appreciate  it  highly,  hut  not  more  than  the  admirable  execu- 
tion of  BO  dilBcult  and  arduous  a  work  merits."— Mary  SoMEEvaLE, 
C7i«ster  Sriuare,  Uh  May,  1848. 

We  have  many  more  testimonies  before  us  to  the  excel- 
lence of  this  work,  but  either  of  the  three  preceding  is 
amply  sufficient  to  give  a  character  to  Tho  Physical  Atlas. 
The  new  edition  includes  many  new  m.aps,  and  is  en- 
riched by  the  contributions  of  the  greatest  living  scientific 
men,  by  whose  researches  the  domain  of  Physical  Geo- 
graphy has  been  extended,  including  Sir  R.  Murchison, 
Prof.  E.  Forbes,  Col.  Sabine,  Sir  D.ayid  Brewster,  Ac.  A 
new  and  complete  Geographical  Map  of  the  United  States 
and  British  North  America,  compiled  from  the  latest  data, 
by  Prof.  Rogers,  (of  Boston.)  with  descriptive  Illustrated 
Notes,  is  for  the  first  time  given,  with  much  other  matter 
relating  to  this  Continent.  „,„    ,,     „„     ai 

3  Atlas  to  Alison's  Hist,  of  Europe,  1848,  4to,  l-js.  brf.; 
sm.  4to,  528.  6d. ;  epitome,  4to,  7s.  4.  Dictionary  of  Geogra- 
phy, 1850,  8vo,  pp.  1440,  36». ;  2d  ed.,  1855,  8vo,  36«. ;  bait- 
bound,  41s.  All  of  the  articles  were  written  by  Mr.  J.,  and 
from  original  materials.  Much  new  and  valuable  informa- 
tion wilfbe  found  regarding  Italy,  Spain,  Denmark,  Rus- 
sia, the  Netherlands,  East  and  West  Indies,  Brazd,  &c. 

5  Hand  Atlas  of  General  and  Descriptive  Geography, 
1852,  imp.  4to,  21s.  6.  Hand  Atlas  of  Physical  Geography, 
1852,  imp.  4to,  21s.  7.  Geographical  Projections  (8)  to 
accompany  Johnston's  Atlases  of  Physical  and  General 
School  Geography,  1852,  4to,  2«.  6rf.  8.  School  Atlas  of 
General  Geography,  1852,  imp.  Svo,  128.  6d. ;  in  a  portfolio, 
4to  16«.  6d.  9.  School  Atlas  of  Physical  Geography,  1852, 
imf  Svo,  12s.  6d. ;  in  a  portfolio,  4to,  16s.  tjd.     10.  Elemeii- 


JOH 

tary  School  Atlas  of  General  and  Descriptive  Geography, 
1853,  4to,  78.  6rf. 

••  A  more  complete  work  for  educational  purposes  has  never  coma 
under  our  notice." — Lo}i.  Educational  Times. 

11.  Hand  Atlas  of  Classical  Geography,  1853,  r.4to,21». 
12.  School  Atlas  of  Classical  Geography,  1853,  r.  Svo,  12s. 
6d.  13.  Sktdeton  Charts  for  the  Direction  of  Winds,  <to. 
in  the  Arabian  Sea,  1854,  r.  4to,  12s.  6t(.  14.  Map  of  Eu- 
rope, 1855, 4to,  in  cloth  case,  42s.  15.  Atlas  of  Astronomy, 
edited  by  J.  R.  Hind,  1855,  4to,  2l8. ;  school  edit.,  imp.  Svo, 
12s.  M.  16.  Atlas  of  the  War,  1856,  in  case,  6.j.  17.  Atlas 
of  the  United  States,  British  and  Central  America,  by  A. 
K.  Johnston,  and  Prof.  Rogers,  (of  Boston,)  1857,  sm.  fob, 
27  plates.  Showing  the  Area  and  Population  of  the  Free 
and  Slave-holding  Statcs.with  the  Plans  of  Cities,  Sea- Ports, 
Ac.  This  is  the  only  collection  of  Maps  of  those  countries 
from  documents  not  yet  pub.  (1857)  in  Europe  or  America. 

"  The  Gazetteer  which  bears  his  name  is  remarkable  for  its  com- 
pleteness; and  bis  Atlas  of  tho  United  States  of  America  supplies 
a  deficiency  which  h.-is  long  been  felt  on  both  sides  of  the  Atlantic. 
—Edin.  Rn:,  April,  1857,  n. 

No  library  of  any  kind,  public  or  private,  clerical  or  lay, 
school  or  family,  should  be  without  the  invaluable  publica- 
tions of  Mr.  Alexander  Keith  Johnston. 

Johnston,  Andrew.  Notitia  Anglicana;  shewing,  1. 
The  Atchievoments  of  all  the  English  Nobility,  Ac,  com- 
plete, Lon.,  1724,  2  vols.  Svo.     See  Moule's  Bibb  Herald., 

318. 

Johnston,  Arthur,  M.D.,  1587-1641,  a  native  of  Cas- 
kieben,  near  Aberdeen,  took  his  medical  degree  at  Padua 
in  1610,  resided  abroad  about  twenty-four  years,  of  which 
twenty  were  spent  in  France,  returned  home  about  1632, 
and  died  at  Oxford.  He  was  one  of  the  best  Latin  scholars 
of  bis  age,  and  pub.  several  works  in  that  language.  An 
edit,  of  bis  works  was  pub.,  Middleb.,  in  1641.  Of  these 
the  best-known  is  his  Latin  version  of  the  Psalms  of  David, 

Psalmorum  Davidis  Paraphrasis  Poetica,  et  Cantieorum 

Evangelicorum,  Aberd.,  1(;37,  12mo.  Often  reprinted. 
There  formerly  existed  an  animated  dispute  (already  re- 
ferred to  by  us  in  onr  life  of  George  Buchanan)  relative 
to  the  respective  merits  of  Johnston's  and  Buchanan's 
versions  of  the  Psalms.  We  give  the  opinions  of  several 
eminent  critics : 

"  A  sort  of  critical  controversy  was  carried  on  in  the  last  century, 
as  to  the  versions  of  the  Psalms  by  Buchanan  iftid  Johnston. 
Though  the  national  honour  may  seem  equally  secure  by  the  supe- 
riority of  either,  it  has.  I  believe,  been  usual  in  Scotland  to  maintain 
the  older  poet  against  .-ill  the  world.  I  am  nevertheless  incUned  to 
think  that  Juhnston's  Psalms,  all  of  which  are  in  elessiac  metre,  do 
not  fiiU  far  short  of  those  of  Buchanan  either  in  elegance  of  style 
or  m  coiTectness  of  Latinity.  In  the  ISTth,  with  which  Buchanan 
has  taken  much  pains,  he  may  be  allowed  the  preference,  but  not 
at  a  great  interval,  and  he  has  attained  his  superiority  by  too  much 
ditTusiveness."- flalfam's  Lit.  Hist,  of  Eurnpe,  4th  ed.,  Lon.,  1854, 
iii.  53.  ,  .  , 

"  Arthur  Johnston  is  not  so  verbose,  and  has,  of  course,  more 
vigour-  but  his  choice  of  a  couplet,  which  keeps  the  reader  always 
in  mind  of  the  puorUe  epistles  of  Ovid,  was  singularly  injudicious.' 
—Dr.  Beattie  :  Dissertutimis  M'iral  and  Crdical. 

We  may  remark,  with  reference  to  Beattie'a  mention  of 
Ovid,  that  Buchanan  was  formerly  called  the  Scottish 
Virgil,  and  Johnston  the  Scottish  Ovid. 

•'  He  f  Johnston]  has  many  beautiful  and  even  powerful  linos,  such 
as  can  scarce  be  matched  by  his  more  popular  competitor :  the  style 
of  Johnston  possessing  somewhat  of  Ovidian  case,  accompanied  with 
strength  and  simplicity,  while  the  tragic  pomp  and  worldly  parade 
of  Seneca  and  Prudentius  arc  more  affected  by  Buchanan.  '—Prof. 
Wm.  Tennant:  Etlin.  Lit.  J<ntr.,  iii.  2S9. 

Auditor  Benson  pub.  an  ed.  of  Johnston's  Version  in 
1740,  4to,  Svo,  and  12mo  ;  a  Prefatory  Discourse  to  it, 
1740,  Svo;  a  Conclusion  to  the  Discourse  in  1741,  and  a 
Supplement  to  it  in  the  s.ame  year.  In  the  last  he  insti- 
tuted a  Comparison  between  Johnston  and  Buchanan,  and 
gives  the  preference  to  the  former;  but  this  opinion  was 
controverted  by  George  Ruddiman  in  A  Vindication  of 
Buchanan's  Paraphrase,  pub.  in  1745,  Svo.  See  Benson, 
WiLLLisi.  Lord  Woodhouselee  prefers  Buchanan's  version 
taken  as  a  whole,  but  considers  that  Johnston  has  sur- 
passed the  former  in  some  of  the  Psalms,  for  instance, 
24th,  30th,  74th,  81st,  82d,  102d,  and,  above  all,  the  137th. 
See  Mr.  Hallam's  remark  just  quoted  respecting  the  137th 
Psalm,  Johnston's  version. 

Morhof  commends  Johnston's  version  in  high  terms  : 
"  Arturus  Jolinstonus.  in  Psalraonim  Vt-rsione,  quimadmodum 
et  in  operibua  ceteris,  ubitiuo  purus  et  tersus  est,  ut  ego  quidem 
nihil  in  illo  desiderare  possim."  ,      .    ^ 

Dr.  Harwood  gives  ns  little  information  when  he  informs 
us  that  Johnston  was  "one  of  the  most  eloquent  Latin 
poets."  Johnston  pub.  in  1637,  Amst.,  2  vols.  12mo,  a 
work  which  has  reflected  great  honour  upon  the  Scottish 
nation,  viz. :  Deliciie  Poetarum  Scoticorum  hujus  iEvi  U- 
lustrium,  to  which  he  was  a  large  contributor  : 


jon 


JOII 


'  We  find  alioiit  an  equal  produce  of  each  century,  the  whole 
tumber  being  thirty-seven.  Those  of  Johnston  liiin^i^lf.  and  some 
elegies  by  Scot  of  Scotsstarvet.  are  among  the  be^t.  The  Scots  cer- 
tainly wrote  Latin  with  a  good  ear  and  coneidcrablo  elegance  of 
phrase.'' — Hallam  :  ubi  supra. 

"Would  have  done  honour  to  any  country." — Dr.  Samuel  Johs- 
BON :  Jour,  to  the  Mist.  Idaiuls. 

Johnston  also  pub.  Elegia  in  Obitum  H.  Jacohi,  Lon., 
1625,  4to;  Epigrammata,  Abertl.,  lG;i2,  Svo;  Parerga, 
1632,  Svo;  trans,  of  Solomon's  Song  into  Latiu  Elegiac 
Verse,  Lou.,  1633,  Svo;  Musie  Aulicce,  1635,  Svo.  His 
translations  into  Latin  of  the  Te  Deum,  Creed,  Decalogue, 
Ac.  were  subjoined  to  his  Psalms.  See  Memoirs  of  John- 
ston prefixed  to  Auditor  Benson's  edit,  of  his  Psalms; 
Chalmers's  Life  of  Ruddiman;  Tytler's  Life  of  Kames; 
Beattic's  Dissertations;  Chambers  and  Thomson's  Biog. 
Diet,  of  Eminent  Scotsmen,  1S55. 

Johnston,  Bryce,  D.D.,  1747-1805,  minister  of  Holy- 
wood,  Scotland,  pub.  several  single  sernis.,  an  Essay  ou 
Peace,  »tc.,  1801,  sm.  Svo,  and  the  following  works:  1. 
Comment,  on  the  Revelations  of  St.  John,  Ediu.,  1794,  2 
vols.  Svo;  2d  ed.,  1807,  2  vols.  Svo. 

"Didtin^^mshed  by  the  good  sense  and  intelligence  of  its  author. 
It  19  a  popular  rather  than  a  critical  book." — Orme's  liihl.  Bib. 

"■A  work  well  calculated  for  general  use,  being  writt'-n  with 
perspicuity,  and  in  a  popular,  practical  strain." — Dr.  E.  yVUliavis's 

a  P. 

2.  General  View  of  the  Agricult.  of  Dumfries,  1794,  4to. 
"The  work  was   reckoned  among  the  best  of  the  Burveys." — 

Danaldsoii's  Agricult.  Biog. 

His  Sernis.  and  Life  were  pub.  in  1808,  Svo,  by  his 
Bephew,  the  Rev.  John  Johnston,  minister  of  Crossmichael, 
Scotland. 

Johnston,  Charles*  Travels  in  Southern  Abyssinia, 
Lon.,  lS4t,  2  vols.  Svo. 

"The  pleasantest  traveller  we  have  read  since  Bruce." — Hunt's 
Journal. 

Favourably  noticed,  at  length,  in  the  Loudon  and  West- 
minster Revs,  for  Dec.  1844,  and  by  other  periodicals. 

Johnston,  David,  M.D.,  of  Edinburgh.  1.  Hist, 
of  Public  Ch:irity  in  France,  Edin.,  1829,  8vo.  2.  Public 
Education  in  France,  Svo. 

**An  elaborate  and  well-digested  treatise." — Lon.  New  Monthly 
Mag. 

See  also  Quar.  Rev.;  Monthly  Mag.;  Literary  Chro- 
nicle; Scotsman. 

Johnston,  C.  F.  T.     See  Johnson. 

Johnston,  Elias.     To  Calculate.  1814,  12nio. 

Johnston,  Henry.     Gravel  and  Stone,  istui,  Svo. 

Johnston,  George,  M.D.,  of  BcrwicU-un-Tweed,  d. 
1855,  aged  5S.  1.  Flora  of  Berwick-on-Tweed,  2  vols. 
Svo.  2.  Hist,  of  British  Zoophytes,  Edin.,  1838;  2d  ed., 
Lon.,  1S47,  2  vols.  r.  Svo,  £2  2«. ;  also  in  2  vols.  r.  Svo, 
£4  4s. 

"The  most  complete  and  accurate  account  of  the  British  forms 
of  these  animals  we  yet  possess." — Lon.  Gtnt.  Mag.y  Sept.  1^05. 

3.  Hist,  of  British  Sponges  and  Lithophytes,  1842,  Svo. 
"  The  best  and  most  complete  in  our  language."— Loh.  Geyit.  May., 

ubi  sitpra. 

4.  Introduction  to  Conchology,  1850,  Svo.  5.  The  Na- 
tural Hist,  of  the  Eastern  Borders :  vol.  i.,  Botany,  1854, 
Svo.  Reviewed  in  Lon.  Gent.  Mag.  for  April,  1854;  and 
see  same  periodical  for  Sept.  1855  for  a  biographical 
notice  of  Dr.  Johnston.  Dr.  J.  contributed  a  number  of 
papers  on  British  Annelids  and  Irish  Annelids  to  the  Annals 
of  Nat.  Hist.,  and  partially  prepared  a  work  ou  Brit.Anuclids. 

Johnston,  George,  M.I>.    See  Si.vclaiu.  Edward  B. 

Johnston,  James.  Investing  the  Duke  of  Branden- 
burg with  the  Order  of  the  Garter,  1690,  fol. 

Johnston,  James  F.  VV.,  d.  1855,  aged  59,  a  native 
of  Paisley,  Reader  in  Chemistry  and  Mineralogy  in  the 
Univ.  of  Durham,  1S33-55.  1.  Elements  of  Agricultural 
Chemistry  and  Geology,  Edin.,  1842,  Svo  ;  6th  ed.,  1853, 
12mo.  2.  Suggestions  for  Experiments  in  Agriculture, 
1843,  Svo.  3.  Catechism  of  Agricultural  Chemistry  and 
Geology,  1844,  16mo;  33d  ed.,  1849,  fp.  Svo.  Trans,  into 
nearly  every  European  language,  and  taught  in  the 
schools  of  Germany,  Holland,  Flanders,  Italy,  Sweden, 
Poland,  and  North  and  South  America,  4.  Lects.  on 
Agricult.  Chemistry  and  Geology,  1844,  Svo;  2d  ed., 
1847,  Svo. 

"A  most  valuable  and  interesting  course  of  lectures." — Lon. 
Quar.  Hev. 

"The  most  complete  account  of  agricultural  chemistry  we  pos- 
6669." — Royal  Agricult.  Jour. 

"  Unquestionably  the  most  important  contribution  that  has  re- 
cently been  made  to  popular  science." — .SiUiinan's  Jour. 

5.  Contributions  to  Scientific  Agriculture,  1849,  Svo. 
6.  Treat,  on  E.\peri mental  Agriculture,  1849,  Svo.  7. 
TJso  of  Lime  in  Agriculture,  1849,  fp.  Svo. 

"All  that  is  known  about  lime,  both  iu  a  scientific  and  practical 
point  of  view."— ^(.v«ts/i  Farmer. 
9di 


■  S  Notes  on  North  America:  Agricultural,  Economical, 
and  Social,  1851,  2  vols.  Svo.  This  is  the  result  of  a  visit 
to  North  America  from  Aug.  1849  to  April,  1850. 

"  lie  has  contrived  to  bring  together  a  larger  mass  of  varied  and 
valuable  information  on  the  present  condition  of  North  America 
than  ia  to  be  found  in  any  work  yet  published." — Blac/.wuod's 
Mug.,  Dec.  1851. 

"  Well  written,  and  distinguished  everywhere  by  much  good 
sense." — Lon.  Athenaum,  July  6,  1851. 

"Admiiable  notes.  . .  .  The  very  best  manual  for  intelligent  emi- 
grants."— Ltin.  EcoTwmist. 

So  much  for  British  opinions;  but  a  much  less  favour- 
able verdict — by  Profc.'^sor  Francis  Bowen — will  be  found 
in  the  North  American  Review  for  July.  1851,  210-238. 

9,  Instructions  for  Analysis  of  Soils,  Limestone,  Ac;  3d 
ed.,  1855,  12mo.  10.  Chemistry  of  Common  Life,  1854—55, 
2  vols.  p.  Svo.  This  was  Professor  Johnston's  last  work, 
and  completed  but  a  few  months  before  his  death. 

''■  One  of  the  most  agreeable  and  instructive  publications  of  the 
presieut  day." — Edin,  Hex^. 

''The  work  deserves  to  bo  universally  read." — Brit.  Quar.  Upv. 

"  Ilis  last  work  was  his  best." — BLackio.  Mag.,  Nov.  ]Sf)5,  q.v.  for 
a  review  of  the  work,  aud  au  obituary  notice  of  the  autlior. 

*'  Professor  .Johnston  has  doue  more  than  has  ever  yet  been  done 
to  preach  science  to  the  masses." — Blacfcw.  Mag.,  ubi  supra.  See 
also  Lon.  Geut.  Mag.,  Ni^v.  1S55. 

In  addition  to  the  commendations  of  the  Chemistry  of 
Common  Life  above  quoted,  we  have  thirteen  British  and 
six  American  ones  before  us,  equally  favourable  in  their 
tone. 

Prof.  Johnson  was  a  contributor  to  the  Edinburgh  Re- 
view and  to  Blackwood's  Magazine. 

Johnston,  John,  d.  1012,  a  native  of  Aberdeen,  a 
minister  of  the  Presb^-terian  Church  of  Scotland,  and 
Professor  of  Divinity  in  the  College  of  St.  Andrew's,  was 
a  relative  of  Arthur  Johnston,  {ante,)  and  also  a  poet.  He 
pub.  the  following  poetical  works.  1.  Inscriptiones  Histo- 
ricae  Regum  Scotorum,  *fcc.,  Amst.,  1602,  '03, 4to.  2.  Heroes 
ex  omni  Historica  Scotica  Lectissimi,  Leyden,  1603,  4to, 

"  Excellent  poems." — Bp.  Nicdlson''s  Scot.  Hist.  Lib.^ed.  1776. 66. 

Both  Nos.  1  and  2  will  be  found  in  the  Deliciai  Poeta- 
rum  Scotorum,  3.  Consolatio  Christiana  sub  Cruce,  &o., 
1609,  Svo.  4.  Iambi  Sacra,  1611.  5.  Tertrasticha  et 
Lemmata  Sacra — Item  Cantica  Sacra — Item  Icones  Re- 
gum  Judea;  et  Israelis,  Lug.  Bat.,  1612,  4to.  See  Cham* 
bers  aud  Thomson's  Biog.  Diet,  of  Eminent  Scotsmen, 
1855,  and  authorities  there  cited. 

Johnston,  John,  M.D.,  1603-1675,  a  native  of 
Sambter,  Great  Poland,  resided  some  time  in  England. 
He  pub.  in  Latin  a  number  of  works  on  natural  history, 
medicine,  history,  and  ethics,  of  which  the  best-known  ia 
Ilistoria  Naturalis  Animalium,  pub.  in  Parts,  1648-52, 

'•The  text  is  extracted,  with  some  taste,  from  Gesner,  Aldro- 
vandus,  Macgraf,  and  Moufiet ;  and  it  auswered  its  purpose,  as  an 
elementary  work  in  natural  history,  till  Linnieus  taught  a  more 
accurate  method  of  chissifjing.  naming,  and  describing  animals. 
Even  Linnteus  cites  hini  continually." — Cuvier. 

A  portion  of  the  above — viz. :  a  Description  of  Four- 
footed  Beasts — was  trans,  into  English,  and  pub.  at  Am- 
sterdam, 1678,  fol.  See  Chaufepie;  Moreri;  Saxii  Ono- 
mast.  ;  Biog.  Univ. ;  Hallam's  Lit.  Hist,  of  Europe,  4th 
ed.,  Lon.,  1854,  iii.  20S,  5S4. 

Jolinston,  John,  1757-1820,  minister  of  Cross- 
michael, and  nephew  to  the  Rev.  Dr,  Bryce  Johnston. 
Memoirs  of  the  Life  of  Dr.  Bryce  Johnston,  prefixed  to 
his  Serms.,  1S08,  Svo. 

Johnston,  John,  LL.D.,  b.  at  Bristol,  Maine,  grad. 
at  Bowdoin  Coll.,  1832;  Prof,  of  Natural  Science  in  Wes- 
leyan  Univ.,  1832  to  the  present  time,  (1855.)  1.  Elements 
of  Chemistry,  12mo.  2.  Manual  of  Natural  Philosophy; 
6th  ed.,  1857.  Highly  commended,  and  used  in  many 
schools,  as  are  also  the  following  works  edited  by  Prof.  J. 
3.  Dr.  Edward  Turner's  Chemistry,  12mo.  4.  Turner's 
Elementary  Chemistry;  6th  ed.,  revised,  with  new  illustra- 
tions, 1857,  18mo. 

Johnston,  John,  D.D.  His  Autobiography  and  Mi- 
nisterial Life,  edited  and  compiled  by  the  Rev.  James 
Caruahan,  D.D.,  late  President  of  the  College  of  New 
Jersey,  N.York,  1856. 

Johnston,  Joseph.     Serra.,  Edin.,  1778,  Svo, 

Johnston,  Jndge  JL.  F.  C.  Institutes  of  the  Civil 
Law  of  Spain,  trans,  from  the  6th  Spanish  ed.,  (Madrid, 
1805,)  Lon.,  1825,  r.  Svo, 

Johnston,  Nath,,  M.D.  Theolog.  and  polit.  tracts, 
Ac.,  1669-8S.     See  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit. 

Johnston,  Robert,  a  Scotsman,  d.  1630?  1.  His- 
toria  Rerum  Britannicorum,  ut  et  Multarum  Gallicarum, 
Belgicarum  et  Germaniearum,  tam  Poliiiearum  quam  Ec- 
clesiasticarum,  ab  anno  1572  ad  annum  1628,  Amst., 
1642,  12mo.  Enlarged,  1055,  fol.  This  was  intended  as  a 
continuation  of  Buchanan's  History: 


JOH 


•Continnod  in  the  snmc  fine  lanc,mgerT,atJn]  by  Rotert  John- 

discTUnicut  of  charactoi-B,  or  the  classical  tincture  ot  tne  siyie. 
^T  ^S^t^^rscotland  during  the  Jlino.H^  of  King 
Tinier  in  Latine ;  Done  into  English  by  T.  BI.  [1  nomas 
MUUnll  n  1  LoL  lfi46,  2-lmo,  pp.  I6i.  llepnn  e.l  m 
vol  of  Scotia  Rediviva,  Edin.,  1826.  Svo.  See  Cham- 
lel;  and  Thomson's  Biog.  Diet,  of  Eminent  Scotsmen, 
ms^    sind  authorities  there  cited.  . 

"RobTrtus  Johnstonus   baroni  KiUosensi   Brusio  dum  v.veret, 
charus:  Ti?  v.-rr?S  Sonis,  esicgto  emditionls,  Ihnati  judicu."- 

Johnston,  Robert.     Letter  to  Clergy,  1 ,  96   8vo. 
Johnston,  Uobert.     Travels  m  Russia,  &c.,  Lon., 

^^ohniiton,  Thomas.     Chrisfs  Watcbword ;  or,  the 
Parable  of  the  Virgins  e.xpoundcd.  Lnn.,  i'jf ;  f  ^'^icult 

Johnston,  Thomas.  General  View  of  the  Agncult. 
of  the  County  of  Selkirk,  Lon.,  l^yi.  -Ho. 

J^hnsion,  W.  and  A.  K.  1.  Emigra  ion-Map  of 
Australia,  with  the  Gold  Districts.  Lon  Ibo.?,  12mo  2 
Map  of  tire  Seat  of  War  in  the  I^'J^'-'^'^S^.f  ""^/I"'  '^'^^ 
Lon  ,  1854,  12mo.     3.  Do.  in  the  Baltic  Sea   lSo4   12mo. 

Johnston,  William.     Con.  to  Ed.  Med.  Ess.,  17.7. 

Johnston,  William.  A  Pronouncing  and  Spelling 
English  Dictionary,  Lon.,  1764,  12mo. 

'"Ind    ee  Biog.  Univera.     The   last  cd.  o     Beckmann  s 
work  appeared  in  H.  G.  Bohn's  Standard  Library,  Lon 
1S46   2  vols.  sq.  12mo.     This  cd.  is  revised  and  eu  arged 
by  Drs.  Francis  and  Griffith.     Johnston  pub.  several  other 

'^  Johnston,  William.  England  as  it  is  in  the  Nine- 
teenft  Centur'y:    Political,  Social,  and  Industrial,  Lon., 

".^Rit'alld'ru  written,  abouna.,s  with  information  of 
'"^PJ.irun;Tvfi!^o  rfeS  de  rensel,nement."-^^^ 

Johnston.     See  Jousson  and  Johnstone. 

j"h"stone,  illrs.,  of  Inverness,  f  eo"--!' ^  f/;  ^J 
novelist.     1.  Clan  Albin,  a  National  Tale,  Lon.,  18U,  4  vols. 

^^.^"jaTH^^^rnovel  of  great  merit,  full  of  incident  and  character. 

The  Diversions  of  Holycot;  or,  Art  of  Tti"king.  18mo 
Highly  commended.     4.  Nights  of  the  Round  Table,  1835 , 

""?•„! cTt;  mrmeritorious  efforts  of  our  fiction-witers."- 

^MrtTedited  for  a  number  of  years  a  monthly  magazine 
established  at  Edinburgh  »^"\1«30,  to  which  ,he  was  a 
contributor,  and  she  edited  and  contributed  to  the  Edin- 
burgh Tales,  a  weekly  issue  of  stories   and   novelettes 
The°se  papers'  were  bound  up  and  sold  together  (184.-46 
in  3  vols.  r.  8vo.  and  a  new  ed.,  3  vols.  r.  8vo  bound  in  1 
vol    was  pub.  in  1850.     The  contributors  to  this  agi-eeable 
loli^c^iou^were    Mrs.  Johnstone,  Mrs.  Marsh     MFraser 
Tytle     Mrs.  Gore,  Mrs.  Crowe,  John  Mills,  Miss  Mitfonl 
Mary  Howitt,  William  Howitt,  Thomas  Carlyle,  Sir  I.  Dick 
L  "der,  &c.     Mrs.  Johnstone's  Tales  are.  The  Experience 
o^R    hard  Taylor ;  Young  Mrs  R'"''"'^'!,  ^hree  Chnstmas 
Dinners;  Mary  Anne's  Hair;  Governor  Fox;  L'tto  Fanny 
Bethel  ■    Frankland  the  Barrister  ;    Mrs.  Mark    Luke,  or 
West  Co-W  Exclusives  ;^  Violet  namiltun    or  a^,e  Ta 
lented  Family ;  Mothering  Sunday,  or  Old  Usages  •  Anarew 
Howie   the  Hand-loom  Weaver;  The  Ventilator  of  the  Old 
House  of  Commons;  Bl.anche  Delamere ;  The  Weird  of 
"e  Winranis,  a  Tale' of  the  Persecuting  Times;  N.ghean 
Peard   or  the  Tinker's  Daughter.  . 

•"^Mfs'.  Johnstone's  stories  have  -a»--<.K-at  popularity^ 
"Her  characters  are  strictly  drawn  »"''/:,,  ™,lVtin<UDg  to 

i^^s^^SnSorlf^^^^Sl^-^^ua^c^^^^^^ 

-^'rs^Joh^'Sone's  T.ale.  are  a  happy  mixture  of  the  genial  and 
the  rnidcntial."— Lhgo  IICST.  fpj;,, 

Johnstone,  Chevalier  de,  son  of  a  grocer  of  Edui- 
burgh  beca"'e  lide-de-Camp  to  Lord  George  Murray  and 
Assistant  Aide-de-Camp  to  Prince  Charles  Edward  the 
Prelender  The  History  of  the  Rebellion  in  1745  and  1716, 
from  the  French,  Lon.,  1820,  4to. 


JOH 

"It  should  be  looked  at,  particularly  the  introduction,  whk-h  is 

to  escape:  they  are  often  curious,  and  sometmies  desu.ptive  of 

■"^^ii^SemiSj^^sSfibJ^Sit^VT^ir""'^^ 
traits  ot  the  character  and  feeling  of  the  times."~Uo,Mu,gh  >  E«g. 

''^^We  sus*cl-om'«e\'d  the  Oievalier  to  be  ^^r^^^^^^^^^Xi 
couader,and  wo  are  not  willmg  1°  .'•->''<=,»;;">',  ''"^  ''"  We  ha^ 
fhirles  for  couiace  upon  such  suspicious  authority.  ...  "e  naj^ 
p  rtoknow  ttai  some,  of  his  stori.^  are  alt.;getber  tictitious."-Su. 
Waiter  Scott:  Life  and  Works  of  John  Homf 

Johnstone,  Hon.  Andrew  Cochrane.  1.  Pro- 
ceed, on  M:,,ior  J.  Gordon,  1804,  Svo.  2.  Defence  of  A. 
Johnstone,  1805,  8vo. 

Johnstone,  Charles,  .an  Irishman,  who  d.  in  India 
nboiit  1 800  1  Chrysal ;  or.  The  Adventures  of  a  (,uinea, 
17  0  2vdJ.;  3ded.,\762,2'vols.  in  1,  12mo.  Two  addi  . 
vols  1765.  Often  Reprinted.  Best  ed.,  Lon.,  1821  o  vols 
Im  8vo  A  key  to  the  characters  in  this  satirical  novel 
vm  be  found  in' William  Davis's  Olio  of  Eibl.og  and  Lit 
Anec  ,  13^21,  and  a  review  of  the  work,  with  a  life  of  the 
"  hor,  is  in  Sir  Walter  Scott's  Miscell.  Prose  Works.     Sir 

^^.S'wt.mTv  safely  rate  Charles  Johnstone  as  ^P^'^f. '""""••"  ,, 
2  The  Reverie;  or,  A  Flight  to  the  Paradise  of  Fools, 
1762,  2  vols.  12mo.  A  Satire.  3.  The  Hist  of  Arsaces 
Prince  of  Betlis,  1774,  2  vols.  12mo.  A  sort  of  po  itical 
romance.  4.  The  Pilgrim;  °''Y''\''''''l^f''"J'iC 
vols  12mo.  6.  The  Hist,  of  John  Jumper,  Esq  ,  atma 
TunVerXck  1781,  3  vols.  12mo.  A  rom.ance  in  low  life. 
See Thaimers's  Biog.  Diet.;  Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  vols.  Uiv. 
^iOl    780    Ixxvii.  631,  Ixxx.  311.  .    ,,   ,  ,^ 

.lohnstone,  Edward,  M.D.  1.  P.apersin  Med.  Com., 
1777.     2.  Paper  in  Memoirs  Med.,  1(90.  ,„<,,   ,,, 

Johnstone,  (Jeorge.     Theolog.  treatise.,,  i'32    33 

Johnstone,  George,  M;l'-,3°/'-'^'i''T  ?;i^;'on 
1787,  Governor  of  West  Florida,  1763  pub.  ll>o«gl'ts  °° 
our  Acquisitions  in  the  East  Indies,  particularly  in  Bengal, 
1771,  8vo,  and  two  Speeches,  1768,   i5. 

Johnstone,  James,  M.D.,  1730-1802,  a  n,ativo  of 
Annan,  Scotland,  practised  Grst  at  Kuldcrminstcr  and  sub- 
sequently at  Worcester,  where  he  remained  until  hs  death 
He  pub.  a  number  of  valuable  profess.ona  works,  l'M-9^. 
and'medical  papers  in  Phil.  Trans.,  Med.  Com.,  and  Me 
moirs  Med.,  1758-99.  Among  his  works  are  Histor.  Dissert, 
on  the  Malignant  Epidemic  Fever  of  l-oO,  Ac  Lon.,  Ii58, 
Svo,  and  Medical  Essays  and  Observations  1 ,  95,  bvo  His 
writings  were  held  in  great  esteem.  See  Chalmers  s  Biog. 
Dkt.,  Lon.  Gent,  and  Month.  Magazines,  1802 ;  Doddridge  s 

^'iohnsiont.  Rev.  James,  Chaplain  to  his  Britannic 
Majesty's  Envoy  Extraordinary  to  the  Court  ol  Denmark. 
1.  Anecdotes  of  Ohive  the  Black,  King  of  Man,  &c^,  Co- 
penh.,  1780,  8vo.  2.  The  Norwegian  Account  of  Hacos 
Expedition  against  Scotland,  A.n.  1263,  1,82,  8vo.  3. 
Lodobrok.ar-Quida,  sir.,  loco,  1782, 12mo.  4.  An  .qui  a  es 
Colto-Normanic*,  Copenh.,  1786,  4to.  5.  Antiquitates 
Celto-Scandicae,  1786,  4to. 

Johnstone,  James,  Physician  to  General  Hospital, 
Birmingham.  1.  A  Therapeutic  Arrangement  and  hylla- 
bns  of  Materia  Mediea,  Lon.,  sm.  Svo.  .... 

'■This  book  cannot  but  be  particularly  useful  to  those  who  intend 
to  ll  tro  or  write  upon  tile  Materia  Mediea  as  we  /«  '"^^e 
students  for  whose  particul.ar  use  it  is  prepared.  -Snt.  mid  tor. 

''"t  Discourse  on  the   Phenomena  of    Sensation,  Lon., 

^''johnstone,  John.    East  India  Stock,  1766.  _ 

Johnstone,  John,  Land-Surveyor  and  Drainer  at 
Ediru"gh,  pub.  an  Account  of  Joseph  Elkington's  System 

AnririiU.  Bwq.,  1854,  81.  ,     ,  ,  . 

'Elkington's  system  of  draining  was  at  »"«  f™''„^,  ''^ '° 
such  esteem,  that  a  Pariiamentary  grant  of  f  1000  was 
passed  for  the  purchase  of  his  secret.  Johnstone  was  de- 
puted to  publish  this  secret  to  the  worid,  and  the  work  was 
received  with  much  favour  : 

"The  result,  published  by  Johnstone,  displays  ono  of  the  most 
beautiful  and  mportant  applications  of  scientihc  principles  to  prac 
S  mV»"  -  wilbii,  til.  'vhole  r.ange  of  human  knowledge. '- 
i",t     .!/     V.M-.  oV  l;..,,;,  l„s„UUe,  May  24. 1S44. 

Johnstone,  John,  M.D.,  d.  1836,  aged  68  a  son  of 
JamosJohustonc,M.D.,of  Ann.an,  waslor  more  'h-;D /"ty 
years  a  physician  at  Birmingham,  and  for  about  that  time 
ti";  intimate  friend  of  Dr.  Samuel  P.arr,  whose  Works,  with 
Memoirs  of  his  Life  and  Writings  and  a  Selection  from  his 
Correspondence,  he  pub.  in  1828,  8  vols.  Svo.     He  also 


JOII 


JON" 


puh.  several  professional  works,  among  whicli  are  Medical 
»furispruJeucb,  Lon.,  1800,  Svo.  Sec  a  biographioiil  notice 
of  Dr.  J.  in  Lou.  Gent.  Mag.,  May,  1837,  517-549. 

JohustoiiC)  John.  1.  Specimens  of  British  Poets, 
from  Chaucer  to  the  Present  Day,  with  Biograph.  and  Crit. 
Notices,  Edin.,  1828,  12mo  ;  Lon.,  1837,  24mo. 

"It  contains  the  most  precious  portion  of  the  most  precious  lite- 
rature in  e?dsteuce." — i>>H.  Athenxum. 

2.  Specimens  of  Sacred  and  Serious  Poetry  from  Chaucer 
to  the  Present  Day,  with  Biograph.  and  Crit.  Notices,  24mo. 

"  Well  calculated  to  produce  and  fix  the  best  impressions,  find  to 
exalt  and  ounuble  the  character  and  eiyoyments  of  human  beinj;fi." 
—Edin.  Theob>,j.  Mag. 

Johnstone,  John,  RectorandVicarof  Overton, Hants. 
The  Way  of  Life  :  in  a  series  of  Scrms.,  Lon.,  1841,  Svo. 

Johnstone,  W,  D.,  Rector  of  Ifield.  1.  Family 
Prayer,  Gravesend,  1844:,  Svo.  2.  Baptism,  Lon.,  1845, 
12mo. 

Johnstone,  William.  Paper  in  Med.  Obs.  and  Inq., 
1762. 

Johnstone,  William  Henry,  Chaplain  of  Addis- 
combe.  1.  Israel  aftur  the  Flesh  ;  ur,  The  Judaism  of  the 
Bible  separated  from  its  Spiritual  Religion,  Lon.,  1850,  Svo. 

"The  reader  who  wishes  to  understand  accurately  the  relation 
of  Judaism,  as  a  polity,  to  the  spiritual  religion  taught  in  the 
Bible,  will  find  much  advantage  from  the  study  of  the  following 
book." — Dr.  Wm.  L.  Alexander  :  Connex.  of  Old  and  N.  Tests.,  ed. 
1853,  313-314. 

'*  Characterized  by  sound  learning,  precision  of  statement,  and 
conclusiveness  uf  rejisoning.'" — Brit.  Quar.  Rn'.,  NuV.  1862.  478. 

Also  commended  by  T.  K.  Arnold,  Kitto's  Journal,  Cam- 
bridge Chronicle,  A^c. 

2.  Sunday  and  the  Sabbath,  1853,  sm.  Svo.  3.  The  Wor- 
ship of  Vanities;  a  Serm.,  Croydon,  1853,  Svo.  4.  Israel 
in  the  World ;  or,  the  Mission  of  the  Hebrews  to  the  Great 
Military  Monarchies,  1855,  fp.  Svo. 

Johnstone.     See  Johnston  and  Johnson. 

Johustonu,  James.  A  Juridical  Dissert,  on  Mar- 
riage Contracts  and  the  Marriages  of  Cousins-Germain j 
Illustrated  from  the  Canon  Law,  «fcc.,  Lon.,  1734,  Svo. 

Johonnot,  James.  Country  Sehool-Houses,1859,8vo. 

Jole,  William,  A  Warning  to  Drunkards,  Lon.,  168U, 
4to.     Unfortunately,  this  book  is  still  needed. 

Jolitfe,  Henry.  Responsio  Henrici  Joliffi  et  Roberti 
Jonson  ad  illos  Artie.  J.  Hoperi,  Antvo.,  1564,  Svo. 

Joliph,  William.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1589,  Svo. 

Jollie,  F.  1.  Cumberland  Manners,  Ac,  Carlisle, 
1811.  8vo.     2.  Cumberland  Guide,  Ac,  ISll,  Svo. 

JolUe,  T.     Character  of  T.  Whitakcr,  1712,  Svo. 

Jolliie,  T.  R.  Letters  from  Palestine,  &c,  1822,  2 
vols. 

Jolly,  Alexander,  D.D.,  1756-1338,  Bishop  of  Moray, 
Scotland,  was  ordained  Deacon,  1777  ;  Priest,  1778  ;  Pastor 
at  TurifF,  in  the  diocese  of  Aberdeen,  1777;  in  178S  re- 
moved to  Fraserburgh,  where  he  resided  for  forty-nine 
years;  consecrated  Bishop  of  Dundee,  1796. 

1.  Baptismal  Regeneration,  1826  ;  new  ed.,  with  Account 
of  the  Author,  by  Rev.  P.  Cheyne,  Lon..  1840, 12mo.  This 
work  is  also  pub.  in  the  Voice  of  the  Church.  2.  Sunday 
Services  and  Holy  Days,  Ac,  1S28  ;  3d  ed.,  with  Memoir 
of  the  Author,  by  Rt.  Rev.  Jas.  Walker,  D.D.,  Bishop  and 
Primus,  Edin.,  1840,  12tuo.  See  also  Lon.  Gent.  Mag., 
Nov.  1838,  547.  3.  The  Christian  Sacrifice  in  the  Eucha- 
rist, 1832,  12mo;  2d  ed.,  Aberd.,  1847,  12mo. 

"Kvinces  Tractarian  tendencies.*' — BicKerstetli  s  C.  S. 

See  Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  Nov.  1838,  547,  fur  a  very  favour- 
able notice  of  this  work.  The  See  of  JMoray,  founded  in 
the  twelfth  century,  was  absorbed  in  other  dioceses  after 
the  decease  of  Bishop  Jully. 

Jolly,  J.  B.  F.     Sciences  and  Philos.,  1806,  2  vols. 

Jonas,  A.     Law  of  Nisi  Prius,  Lon.,  1773,  I2rao. 

Jonas,  Peter,  1.  Laws  of  E.xeise,  Lon.,  1802,  Svo. 
2.  Artof  Gauging,  1804, '06,  Svo.  3.  Hydrometrical  Tables^ 
1807,  Svo. 

Jones.     Answer  to  Tate's  Question  cone,  the  Ancient 
Britons.     See  Hearne's  Discourses,  p.  213,  Oxf.,  1720,  Svo. 
Joues.     Guide  to  Norway ;  or,  Salmon-Fisher's  Com- 
panion, by  Tolfrey,  Lon.,  12mo. 

■  Jones,  Mrs.,  of  Pantglass.  1,  Scattered  Leaves;  or, 
Twilight  TritlL's.  Lon.,  1853,  12mo.  2.  Lott— ery,  1838. 
Joues,  Captain.  His  Legend,  Lon.,  1636,  4to.  With 
Part  2,  1G4S,  4to ;  1656,  4to  ;  1659,  sm.  Svo;  1671,  4to. 
This  burlesque,  in  imitation  of  a  Welsh  poem  entitled 
Owdl  Rich.  Greulun,  was  written  by  the  Rev.  David  Lloyd. 
See  Bibl.  Anglo-Poet.,  433 ;  Athen.  O.xou. 

Jones,  A.  D»  Illustrated  American  Biography,  N. 
York,  1853,  Svo. 

Jones,  Abraham.     State  of  the  Country,  1794,  Svo. 
Jones,  Alexander,  M.D.,  of  New  York.     1.  Cuba  in 
9ii6 


1861,  N.York,  1851,  ?vo.  2.  Histor.  Sketch  of  the  TAectrlc 
Telegraph,  1852,  Svo.  3.  The  Cymry  of  Seventy-Six :  or. 
The  Welshmen  of  the  American  Revolution  and  their  De- 
scendants, lSo5,  Svo. 

Jones,  Rev.  Alfred.  The  Proper  Names  of  the  Old 
Testament  Scriptures  Expounded  and  Illustrated,  Lon., 
1856,  4to. 

*'  This  is  an  exceedingly  creditable  book, — creditable  alike  to  Mr. 
Joues  and  to  Kingfa  O^Uego,  London,  of  which  he  is  one  of  the 
akimni.  The  value  of  such  a  work  to  the  clergip'man  or  Biblical 
studtint  canuut  be  overrated." — Gent.  Maq.,  Aug.  ISiiC. 

Jones,  Alfred  B.     On  the  Teeth,  Lon.,  1853,  Svo. 

Jones,  Basset.  Lapis  Philosophorum  Examini  Sub- 
jectus,  Oxon.,  164S,  Svo. 

Jones,  C,  "The  Crediton  Poet,"  d.  at  Keynsham, 
near  Bristol,  1792.     Poems. 

Jones,  C.  C.  Recollections  of  Royalty,  1190-1807, 
Lon.,  2  vols.  Svo. 

Joues,  C.  Handheld,  and  E.  H.  Sieveking,  As- 
sistant-physicians to  St.  Mary's  Hospital,  London.  1.  A 
Manual  of  Pathological  Anatomy,  Lon.,  1854,  fp.;  IstAmer. 
ed.,  revised,  Phila.,  1855,  Svo,  nearly  750  pp. 

'•  A  comprehensiTe  EngUsh  work  on  Pathological  Anatomy  has 
long  been  a  desideratum  in  Medical  Literature;  the  present  work 
fills  up  in  a  great  measure  the  deficiency  which  has  hitherto  existed, 
and  Drs.  Jones  and  Sieveking  deserve  great  credit  for  the  manner 
in  which  they  have  performed  their  task." — Lon.  Med.  Times  a/id 
Gazette. 

Also  highly  commended  by  The  Stethoscope,  the  N.  W. 
Med.  and  Surg.  Jour,  &c.  2.  By  C.  II.  J.,  Pathological 
and  Clinical  Observations  on  Morbid  Conditions  of  the 
Stomach,  1855,  Svo. 

Joues,  C.  J.     Memoirs  of  Miss  O'Neil,  1816. 

Jones,  C.  J,  Collection  and  Recovery  of  Rent- 
Charge;  2d  ed.,  Lon.,  1849,  12mo. 

Jones,  Charles.     Serms.,  1705,  both  4to. 

Jones,  Charles.  Hoyle's  Games  Improved,  Lon., 
1779,  12ino. 

Jones,  Charles  A.,  of  Cincinnati,  a  son  of  George 
W.  Jones,  formerly  of  Philadelphia,  practised  Law  at 
Cincinnati,  and  subsequently  at  New  Orleans,  where  he 
died  in  1851.  The  Outlaw,  and  other  Poems,  Cincin., 
1835.  Privately  printed.  This  volume  evinces  the  pos- 
session of  uncommon  poetical  abilities. 

Jones,  Charles  Colcock,  D.D.  1.  The  Religious 
Instruction  of  Negroes  in  the  U.  States,  Savannah,  12mo. 
2.  The  Glory  of  Woman  is  the  fear  of  the  Lord.  Phila., 
ISmo.  3.  Suggestions  on  the  Religious  Instruction  of 
Negroes  in  the  Southern  States,  1855,  ISmo.  Other  pub- 
lications. 

Jones,  D.     Discourse  on  Peace,  1795,  Svo. 

Jones,  David,  of  Marcham.     Serms.,  1690-1703. 

Jones,  David.  1.  The  Secret  Hist,  of  Whitehall, 
Lon.,  1697,  2  vols,  in  1,  Svo.  Continuation  from  168S  to 
1696,  Svo,  1697.  New  and  best  ed.  of  this  "scandalous 
history,"  1717,  2  vols.  12mo.  2.  Usurv,  &c.,  1692,  4to.  3. 
Hist,  of  the  Turks,  1655-1701,  2  vols.'Svo.  4.  Life  of  K. 
James  II..  1702,  Svo.  5.  Hist,  of  the  House  of  Bruns- 
wick-Lunenburgh,  1715,  Svo. 

Joues,  David,  a  native  of  Caernarvonshire,  who  died 
about  17S0,  wrote  some  poetry,  edited  two  collections  of 
Welsh  poems,  and  made  a  collection  of  ancient  Welsh  MSS, 

Jones,  David,  of  Langar.      Serm.,  Lon.,  1796,  Svo. 

Jones,  David.     See  Keyworth,  Thosias,  No.  1. 

Joues,  David.  The  Value  of  Annuities  and  Rever- 
sionary Payments;  with  numerous  Tables,  Lon.,  1843,  2 
vols.  Svo. 

*' An  able  scientific  treatise." — McCuUoch's  Lit.  of  Fhlit.  Econ.y 
252. 

"  If  there  bo  any  one  book  in  bur  language,  or  any  other,  which, 
by  itself,  would  both  train  an  actuary  an'l  enable  him  to  practise 
his  profession,  this  is  the  one.'" — Lon.  Athenceutn. 

Jones,  David  F.  Turnip-Husbandry,  Lon.,  1847, 
12mo. 

"The  author  describes  most  correctly  the  most  approved  cultiva- 
tion and  use  of  the  turnip-plant." — D-maklson's  Agricult.  Biog. 

Jones,  E.  O.  1.  Religious  Knowledge  among  the  Poor 
in  1850  and  in  1750,  [Centen.  Prize  Essay,]  Lon.,  1850, 
12mo.  2.  Eminent  Characters  of  the  English  Revolu- 
tionary Period,  1853,  cr.  Svo. 

Jones,  E.  T.  1.  English  Book-Keeping  for  Schools, 
Lon.,  1840,  12mo.  2.  Science  of  Book-Keeping  j  Sth  ed., 
1844,  r.  8vo  ;  new  ed.,  1854,  r.  Svo. 

Jones,  Ebeuezer.  Studies  of  Sensation  and  Event: 
Poems,  Lon.,  1843,  Svo. 

'■We  recommeud  him  to  be  more  humble  in  his  pretensions  anj 
simple  in  his  address  when  next  he  appears  in  pubhc." — Loyi.  At/ien^ 
April  13.1844. 

Jones,  Rev.  Edmund.  A  Relation  of  Ghosts  and 
Apparitions  which  commonly  appear  in  the  Principality 


JOJT 


JON 


of  Wale?,  Brist,  1767.  See  an  interesting  article  —  in 
wbir^h  this  work  is  mticerl — on  the  Popular  Superstitions 
of  the  Wl'IsU  in  the  Lnn.  llctrospec.  Review,  1825,  xi.  06- 
8S.  2.  Account  of  the  Parish  of  Abcrystruth,  Trevecka, 
1779,  8vo. 

Jones,  Edward.  Youn^  Geographer  and  Astrono- 
mer's Best  Companion,  Lon.,  1773,  12uio;  2d  ed.,  1792. 

Joues,  Edward,  Bard  to  the  Prince  of  Wales,  and 
a  native  of  ^eriunethshiro.  1.  Cii-ero's  Brutus,  Lon., 
1776,  8vo.  2.  Musical  and  Poetical  Relics  of  the  French 
Bards,  17S4,  fol. ;  2d  cd.,  1791.  ful.;  ;U  ed.,  1S12,  fol. ;  new 
ed.,  3  vols.  -Ito.  3.  The  Bardic  Museum  of  Primitive 
British  Literature,  &c.,  forming  a  2d  vol.  of  No.  2.  4. 
Minstrel  Serenades,  1809.  6.  Lyric  Airs,  ISIO,  fol.  6. 
Terpsichore's  Banquet,  1813. 

Jones,  Edward.  Index  to  the  Records  on  the  Re- 
membraucer's  Side  of  the  Exchetiuer,  Lon.,  1793-95,  2 
vols.  fol. 

Jones,  Edward.    Cockchafer;  Nic.  Jour.,  1802. 
Jones,  Edward.     1.  Prevention  of  Poverty,  Lon., 
1796,  Svo.     2.   Portugal  Conveutiun  Defended,  1808,  8vo. 
Jones,  Edward.     Book-Keeping,  Brist.,  1796,  4to. 
Jones,  Edward.     Vaccination,  Lon.,  1806,  Svo. 
Jones,  Edward.     Levelling,  Lon.,  ISil,  12mo. 
"A  general  trt';iti::ie  un  the  sui'ject.'' — Lon.  Timi:s. 
Jones,  Edward  G.,  M.D.     Gout.  Lon.,  1810, 12mo. 
Jones,  Ernest,  a   barrister-at-law  of   London,    has 
gained  sume  reputation  as  a  poet,  and  perhaps  as  much 
as  a  Chartist,  his  political  speeches  having  cost   him  a 
heavy  fine  and  two  year;;'  imprisonment.     1.  The  Wood- 
Spirit,  Lon.,  1S41,  2  vols.  p.  8vo.     2.  My  Life:  a  Rhap- 
sody.    3.  Chartist  Lyrics.     4.  The  Battle-Day,  and  other 
Poems,  1855,  12mo. 

'*  Those  who  happen  to  be  acquainted  with  the  poetical  produc- 
tions of  Ernest  Jones  must  allow  that  they  possess  clearness  and 
force,  a  genial  perception  of  nature,  a  vigorous  imagination,  and  a 
Tivid  poetical  spirit.  Persons  wlio  expect  that  the  great  Chartist 
leader  will  infuse  low  Radical  ide;is  in  low  Radical  fasihion  into  his 
verses  will  find  themselves  mistaken.'" — Lon.  Sjiecddor. 

5.  Emperor's  Vigil,  and  the  Waves  of  the  War,  1855, 
12mo. 

Jones,  Frederick.  1.  TuUagaum  Expedit.  from 
Bombay,  1794,  4to.     2.  Letters,  1795,  4to. 

Jones,  Frederick  C.  Attorney's  Pocket-Book;  7tb 
ed.,  adapted  to  the  Law  of  1850,  by  J.  Crisp,  with  a  Supp. 
by  RoUa  Rouse,  1850,  2  vols.  12mo,  £1  1«.  An  Adaptation 
of  do.  by  R.  Rouse,  1850,  1  vol.,  '.is.  6d. 

Jones,  G.  A  Hist,  of  the  Rise  and  Progress  of  Mu- 
Eic,  Theoretical  and  Practical,  1818. 

Jones,  G.  F.  Law  cone,  the  Liabilities  and  Rights 
of  Common  Carriers,  Lon.,  1827,  8vo. 

Jones,  George.     Erieudly  Pill,  Lon.,  1674,  12mo. 
Jones,  George.     A  Comprehensive  Hebrew  Gram- 
mar, Dub!.,  1826,  Svo.    For  the  use  of  the  Univ.  of  Dublin. 
*'  His  work  contains  a  summary  of  all  that  is  valuable  iu  the 
Thesaurus  Grammaticua  of  Buxturf." — Chris.  Exam.,  or  Church  of 
Irdund  Mag.,  Feb.  lSi>7. 
See  Home's  Bibl.  Bib. 

Jones,  George.  1.  Hist,  of  Ancient  America  ante- 
rior to  the  Time  of  Columbus;  proving  the  Identity  of 
the  Aborigines  with  the  Tyrians  and  Israelites;  3d  ed., 
1843,  r.  8vo. 

"You  are  quite  welcome  to  make  any  use  you  please  of  my 
opimous  respecting  your  volume  on  the  Tyrian  Origin  of  the 
Temples  in  Central  America.  I  most  heartily  repeat  that  I  am 
convinced  you  have  fully  proved  your  case." — SiK  Sawuel  Rush 
MetriCK:  London,  August  \Uh.  1S44. 

"  We  have  felt  much  reluctance  in  performing  the  painful  duty 
of  exposing  eo  shallow  a  writer  as  Mr.  Jones." — Lon.  Athe.7i.,  July 
1, 18^,  where  Mr.  Jones  and  his  theory  aufler  severely  from  criti- 
cal handling. 

2.  Tecumseh,  a  Tragedy,  The  Life  of  General  Harri- 
son, [late  Pres't  TJ.  States,]  and  the  First  Oration  on 
Shakspeare,  1844,  12mo. 

Jones,  George,  Chaplain  in  U.S.  Navy,  b.  July  30, 
1800,  near  York.  Penna.,  grad.  at  Yale  Coll.,  1823,  with  the 
highest  honours  of  his  chiss.  1.  Sketches  of  Naval  Life, 
New  Haven,  3  vols.  12mo.  2.  Excursions  to  Cairo,  Je- 
rusalem, Damascus,  and  Balbec,  N.  York,  1836,  12mo. 
He  accompanied  Commodore  Perry  on  the  Japan  Expedi- 
tion, and  has  published  (3)  the  results  of  his  observations 
for  two  years  on  the  Zodiacal  Light,  1  vol.  4to,  348  plates, 
pp.  750.  The  new  theory  of  a  nebulous  ring  around  the 
earth  is  a  deduction  from  these  observations.  This  last 
work  forms  the  third  volume  of  Com.  Perry's  Japan  Ex- 
pedition. See  Bouvier's  Familiar  Astronomy,  1857,  405. 
Jones,  George  Matthew,  Captain  R.N.,  d.  1831. 
Travels  in  Norway.  Sweden,  &c.^  Lon.,  1827,  2  vols.  Svo. 
Jones,  Gibbon.  Serms.,  1741.  '46,  both  8vo. 
Jones,  Giles,  in  conjunction  with  his  brother  Grif- 


Firn  JoNr*;  (po^')  nnd  JonN  Nkwbef.v,  wrote  a  number 
of  Liliputian    Histories  for  the  Y'^oung. 

Jones,  Griffith,  16S4-1761,  a  nativeof  Caermarthon, 
Rectur  of  Llauddowror  in  that  county,  wrote  anil  pub. 
several  religious  treatises  in  Welsh  and  English,  of  which 
many  thousands,  together  with  thirty  thousand  Welsh 
Bibles,  were  distributed  by  his  agency  through  Wales. 
See  Sketch  of  his  Life  and  Character,  1762,  Svo. 

Jones,  Griffiths  Rector  of  Denbigh.  Popish  Objec- 
tions against  Protestants  Briefly  Answered,  Lon.,  1735, 
18mo. 

Jones,  Griffith,  d.  1786,  was  concerned  with  his  bro- 
ther Giles  ('i)*/t)  and  John  Newberv  (post)  in  the  author- 
ship of  the  Liliputian  Histories  for  the  Young,  and  was 
associated  with  Dr.  Samuel  Johnson  in  the  Literary  Maga- 
zine, and  with  Goldsmith  and  Smollett  in  the  British  Maga- 
zine. He  also  pub.  anonymously  many  translations  from 
the  French.     See  Nichols's  Lit.  Anec. 

Jones,  II.  Bence,  M.D.,  Licentiate  of  the  Royal 
Coll.  of  Physicians,  London.  1.  AppUc.  of  Liebig's  Physio- 
logy to  the  Prevention  and  Cure  of  Gravel,  Calculus,  and 
Gout,  Lon.,  1343,  Svo. 

"  In  thus  expressing  our  opinion  of  the  practical  value  of  this 
publication,  it  is  satistactnry  to  find  ourselves  supported  by  Pro- 
fessor Liebig  himself,  under  whose  immediate  superintendence  and 
sanction  a  translation  into  German  is  now  preparing." — Lon. 
Pharniaceut.  Jrmr. 

2.  On  Animal  Chemistry,  in  its  Relation  to  Stomach 
and  Renal  Diseases,  1850,  Svo. 

'■  The  Work  of  Dr.  Bence  Jones  is  one  of  the  most  philosophical 
and  practical  which  has  issued  from  the  press  for  many  years 
past." — Lo7i.  Lancet. 

''  Dr.  Bence  Jones  is  already  favourably  known  as  the  author  of 
works  and  papers  on  animal  chemistry ;  and  this  contribution  to 
his  favourite  science  is  calculated  to  extend  his  reputation  03  an 
able  chemist  and  suuud  physician." — Lon.  Mo^nth.  Med.  Jour. 

3.  Dr.  Du  Bois  Reymoud's  Animal  Electricity,  edited 
by  H,  B.  Jones,  M.D.,  fp.  Svo  ;  50  engravings  on  wood. 

"This  small  volume  is  a  valuable  addition  to  our  scientific  lito- 
niture.  Those  who  read  with  attention  may  learn  many  most  im- 
portant facts  from  this  work,  but  it  demands  such  attention." — 
Lon.  AthtrKVum. 

'•  The  name  of  M.  Du  Bois  Roymond  is  probably  known  to  most 
of  our  re-adt-rs  as  that  of  a  zealous  investigator  into  Animal  Elec- 
tricity. We  have  now  had  the  opportunity  of  witnessing  some  of 
the  most  interesting  of  these  experiments.  We  beg  to  tender  our 
thanks  to  Dr.  Bence  Jones  for  this  very  seasonable  publication, 
and  for  the  very  efficient  mode  in  which  he  has  performed  the 
task." — Lon.  M-'-dico-Cliirurgical  Beview. 

4.  Fownes's  Manual  of  Chemistry :  see  Fownes,  George; 
HoFMANX,  A.  W.,  M.D.  5.  Liebig  and  Kopp's  Ann.  Rep. 
of  the  Progress  of  Chemistry:  see  Hofmaxn,  A.  AV.,  M.D, 
6.  G.  J.  Midder's  Chemistry  of  Wine,  edited,  1857,  12mo. 

Jones,  H-  Berkeley.  Adventures  in  Australia  in 
18.52  and  18.^3,  Lon..  1853.  p,  8vo. 

Jones,  Hamilton  C.  Digest  of  Reported  Cases  in 
Supreme  Ct.  of  N.  Carolina,  Dec.  1845  to  Aug.  1S53: 
Law  and  Equity.  Raleigh,  N.C.,  1855,  2  vols,  in  1,  Svo. 

Jones,  Havfiet,  The  Family  of  Santraile;  or.  The 
Heir  of  Mentault:  a  Romance,  1809.  4  vols. 

Jones,  Henry.  The  Lamentable  and  WofuU  Com- 
playnte  of  my  Lady  Masse,  1548,  Svo. 

Jones,  Henry.  Remonstrance  of  divers  Remark- 
able Passages  cone,  the  Church  and  Kingdom  of  Ireland, 
1612.  4to. 

"  This  is  one  of  the  most  interesting  and  authentic  accounts  of  the 
horrible  proceedings  in  Ireland." 

Jones,  Henry,  Bishop  of  Meath.  1.  Serms.  on  Ps. 
cxviii.  24-20,  1660,  4to  ;  1667,  4to.  2.  Serm.,  Dubl.,  1076, 
fol.     3.  Serm.,  Lon.,  1679,  fol. 

Jones,  Henry.  The  Philos.  Trans.,  1700-1720, 
abridged  and  disposed  under  General  Heads,  Lon.,  1721, 
2  vols.  4to. 

Jones,  Henry,  d.  1770,  a  native  of  Drogheda,  pa- 
tronized by  the  Earl  of  Chesterfield,  pub.  a  vol.  of  Poems, 
Lon.,  1749,  Svo,  occasional  poems,  1751-66.  the  Enrl  of 
Essex,  a  Tragedy,  1753,  Svo,  and  left  au  unfinished  tra- 
gedy called  the  Cave  of  Idra.     See  Biog.  Dramat. 

Jones,  Henry.  The  Prophecies,  And.  andN.Y.,  1837. 

Jones,  Herbert.     Serms.,  1774,  '75,  '77, 

Jones,  Horatio  Gates,  of  Philadelphia.  A  Genea- 
logical Account  of  Wigard  Levering  and  Gerhard  Lever- 
ing, &c.,  Phila.,  1858,  Svo,  pp.  193.  See  (N.  York)  Hist. 
Mag..  Nov.  18.:i8,  350. 

Jones,  Hngh,  Professor  of  Mathematics  at  ■William 
and  Mary  College,  Minister  of  Jamestown,  Virginia,  and 
subsequently  chaplain  to  the  Assembly  of  Virginia,  pub. 
in  1724,  Lon.,  Svo,  pp.  152,  The  Present  State  of  Vir- 
ginia, &c. 

"This  is  one  of  the  scarcest  works  relating  to  Virginia  published 
iu  this  century.    The  author  thinks  that  the  settlement  of  America 

987 


JON 


JON 


by  the  Eurnpeans  is  a  fulfilment  of  the  scriptural  text  on  his  title- 
jirtgii,  Japheth  bciug  the  Eiiglisli,  .S'c/h  the  Indians,  aud  Qinaan 
the  Negi'oes." — JUcWs  Bill.  Am^r.  Nova,  i.  35,  q.  v. 

Joues,  I.  G,,  M.D.,  late  Prof,  of  the  Theory  and 
Practice  of  Medicine  in  the  Eclectic  Medical  Institute, 
Cincinnati,  &e.  The  American  Eclectic  Practice  of  Medi- 
cine; to  which  are  appended  the  posthumous  writings  of 
T.  Morrow,  M.D.,  also  late  Px-of.  of  the  Theory  and  Prac- 
tice of  Medicine  in  the  same  Institute,  Ciucin.,  1856,  2  vols. 
8vo,  pp.  1650. 

"It  bears  upon  every  page  the  stamp  of  Dr.  J-*s  vigorous,  inde- 
pendent, and  priietical  style  of  thn«p;ht.  Such  a  work  has  long 
Lteen  necdfd,  and  we  rejoice  to  know  that  it  has  been  produced." — 
Dr.  Bucn\NAX,  in  Eclec..  Mtil.  Jour. 

Jouesy  luigo,  1572-1G52,  the  celebrated  architect,  a 
native  of  London,  also  claims  a  place  as  an  author.  1. 
The  Temple  of  Love ;  a  Masque,  Lon.,  1034,  4to.  2.  The 
Most  Notable  Antiquity  of  Great  Britain,  vulgarly  called 
Stone-Heug,  on  Salisbury  Plain,  Restored.  Completed  and 
pub.  by  Mr,  ^Vebb,  1(555,  ful. 

''Of  this  work  there  were  but  a  few  copies  printed,  and  most  of 
them  were  lost  in  the  fire  of  Loudon." — GouGH. 

Watt  mentions  an  ed.  in  1665.  fol.  Jones's  work  was 
certainly  repub.,  with  other  essays,  by  Dr.  Charlton  and 
Mr.  Webb,  iu  1725,  fol.  See  Charltox,  or  Charletok, 
Walter,  M.D.,  where  we  have  touched  upon  the  Stone- 
Ilenge  controversy.  3.  Histor.  E;<say  on  the  Language  of 
China.  4.  Trans,  of  George  Turagoiita's  Hist,  of  the  World. 
5.  Designs;  consisting  of  Plans  and  Elevations  for  Public 
and  Private  Buildings  ;  pub.  by  Wm.  Kent,  1727,  fol. 
Other  designs,  by  Isaac  Ware,  1743,  8vo  ;  other  designs, 
1744,  fol.;  by  Wm.  Kent,  177(J,  2  vols.  fol.  He  left  MS. 
notes  upon  Palladio's  Architecture,  some  of  which  were 
inserted  by  Leoni  in  an  ed.  of  Pnlladio  pub.  in  1714,  fol. 
A  copy  of  his  verses  is  pub.  iu  the  Odcombian  Banquet, 
prefixed  to  TomCoryate's  Crudities,  1611,  4to.  Jones  was 
an  excellent  mathematician,  and  understood  the  Greek  and 
Latin  languages.  He  was  for  same  time  an  intimate  friend 
of  Ben  Jouson,  but  the  latter  became  his  enemy,  and  ridi- 
culed him  in  the  character  of  Lantern  Leatherhead,  a 
hobby-horse  seller,  in  his  comedy  of  Bartholomew  Fair, 
and  wrote  three  satires  agaiust  him, — An  E.xpostulation 
with  Inigo  Jones;  an  Epigram  to  a  Friend;  and  another 
inscribed  to  luigo,  Marquis  Would-Be.  Mr.  Gifford  charges 
Jones  with  having  thrown  the  first  stone.  The  considera- 
tion of  Jones's  architectural  taste  and  his  works  in  this  de- 
partment does  not  come  within  the  plan  of  our  Dictionary. 
But  the  reader  can  consult  Chalmers's  Biog.  Diet. j  Wal- 
pole's  Anecdotes ;  Disraeli's  Quarrels  of  Authors,  and, 
above  all,  Peter  Cunningham's  Life  of  luigo  Jones,  with 
Remarks  on  his  Sketches  for  Dramas  by  Blanche,  and  5 
Masques  by  Ben  Jouson,  &,c.,  edited  by  Collier,  with  por- 
trait after  Vandyke,  and  fifteen  fac-simile  sketches,  1S48, 
8vo. 

"This  biography  of  the  illustrious  architect  is  more  complete 
than  any  former  one,  and  abounds  in  curious  information  respect- 
ing the  customs  of  the  period.  Among  the  dramas  is  the  celebrated 
Masque  of  Queens,  written  in  rivalry  of  Shakspeare's  Macbeth." 

"Inigo  failed  when  he  attempted  to  rival  the  Gothic  churches 
of  the  fourteenth  century."— T.  B.  Macaulat  ;  £ssays,  Lon.,  1854, 
iii.  352. 

Jones,  J.  The  Tower  of  Babel;  or,  Essays  on  the 
Confusion  of  Tongues, with  comparisons  between  Languages 
of  the  Old  and  New  World,  and  a  defence  of  the  rights 
which  the  ancient  Britons  derive  from  the  first  European 
settlement  formed  in  America  by  a  Prince  of  Wales,  Lou., 
Svo. 

*'  We  feel  bold  to  refer  unbelievers  to  original  papers  in  possession 
of  haily  .Juliana  Peun.  we  mean  the  good  and  great  William  Penn's 
MS.  Juuriials.  where  the  W*.-]sii  Indians  are  frequently  mentioned 
without  the  k'ast  duubt  uf  their  existence." — Pago  77. 

Jones,  J.     Serm.,  Lon.,  1615,  Svo. 

Jones,  J,,  M.D.  Practical  Phonography,  Lon.,  1701, 
sra.  4to.  An  account  of  this  rare  and  curious  vol.  will  be 
found  in  Beloe's  Anecdotes,  vi.  360-365. 

Jones,  J.     Hawthorn  Cottage,  Lon.,  1S15, 2  vols.  12mo. 

Jones,  J.  A.  Traditions  of  the  North  American  In- 
dians, or  Tales  of  an  Indian  Camp,  with  spirited  etchings 
by  W.  H.  Brooke,  Lon.,  1S20,  3  vols.  p.  8vo. 

"Avery  curious  and  authentic  work.  The  introduction  gives 
the  sources  of  each  legend.  Many  of  them  were  taken  from  the 
recital  of  the  old  Indian  nurse  of  the  author,  one  of  the  Pawkun- 
nawkeet  or  Gayhead  tribe,  in  Mass." 

Jones,  J.  A.  Haverhill,  a  Novel,  N.York,  2  vols. 
Contributions  to  the  United  States  Literary  Gazette,  &c. 

Jones,  J.  F.D.,  M.D.    Hiemorrhage,  Lon.,  IS05.  Svo. 

Jones,  J.  P.  1.  Eulogy  on  A.  Laussat.  Phila..  1834, 
Svo,  2.  Penna.  State  Reports,  vols.  xj.  and  xii.,  Phila., 
1850-52.  The  set  from  1S46  to  '56  comprises  24  vols., 
viz. :  i.-x.  by  Robt.  M.  Barr;  xi.  and  xii.  by  J.  P.  Jones; 
xiii.-xxiv.  by  George  W.  Harris. 
9S3 


Jones,  J.  S.  Defence  of  the  Revolutionary  Hist,  of 
North  Carolina,  Best. 

"A  clever  controversial  tract,  indicating  the  authenticity  of  the 
Mecklenburg  Declaration  of  Independence  in  1776  before  that 
made  4th  July,  in  Philadelphia." — President  Charles  Kino. 

See  Grisby,  Hugh  Blair  j  George  Tucker's  History 
of  the  United  States. 

Jones,  J.  W.  A  Trans,  of  all  the  Greek,  Latin,  Ita- 
lian, and  French  Quotations  which  occur  in  Blackstone's 
Commentaries,  &c. ;  also  in  the  Notes  of  Christian,  Arch- 
bold,  and  Williams,  Lon.,  1823,  Svo. 

Jones,  James.  Laws  of  Jamaica,  1770-83,  Kings- 
ton, 1786,  4to. 

Jones,  James.  Sepulchrorum  Inscriptiones;  or,  A 
Curious  Collect,  of  Epitaphs  in  English  Verse,  Westm., 
1727,  2  vols.  Svo. 

Jones,  Rev.  James.  Eternal  Prescience,  Lon.,  1828, 
Svo.     Suppressed  by  the  Wesleyan  Methodist  Conference. 

Jones,  Jenkin.     Poems,  a  novel,  &c.,  1797,  &c. 

Jones,  Jenkin.     Annuities,  Ac,  Lon.,  1843,  Svo. 

Jones,  Jeremiah,  1693-1724,  minister  of  a  Dissent- 
ing congregation  at  Forest  Green,  Gloucester.  1.  Vindic. 
of  the  former  part  of  St.  Matthew's  Gospel  from  Mr. 
Whiston's  Charge  of  Dislocations,  Lon.,  1719,  Svo;  Salop, 
1721,  Svo  J  Clarendon  Press,  Oxford,  1803. 

"  This  work  is  very  valuable ;  it  abounds  with  ingenious  remarks 
and  displays  the  critical  acumen  of  the  author." — Db.  Habwood. 

"  lie  Buccessfully  proved  that  our  present  Greek  copies  of  that 
Gospel  are  in  the  same  order  in  which  they  were  originally  written 
by  that  evangelist."— flbr;ifi"s  Bibl.  Bib. 

This  work  is  included  in  the  following:  2.  A  New  and 
Full  Method  of  settling  the  Canonical  Authority  of  the 
New  Testament,  Lon.,  1726,  2  vols.  Svo;  vol.  iii.,  1727, 
Svo;  Clarendon  Press,  Oxford,  1798,  3  vols.  Svo;  1S27,  3 
vols.  Svo. 

"Both  those  works,  particularly  the  last,  are  very  valuable. 
Jones  examines  all  the  eminent  testimonies  respecting  the  canoa 
of  the  New  Testament.  lie  collects  all  the  apocryphal  books  which 
have  been  thought  canonical,  and  gives  an  English  translation  of 
them,  and  refutes  their  pretensions  in  a  very  able  manner.  It  is 
acknowledged  by  all  parties  to  be  a  book  of  authority." — Orme's 
Bibl.  Bib. 

"  Jlr.  Jones  has  brought  together,  with  uncommon  diligence,  the 
external  evidence  of  the  authenticity  and  genuineness  of  the  canoni- 
cal books,  and  has,  with  equal  ability  and  fairness,  stated  his  reasons 
for  deciding  against  the  authority  of  the  apocryphal." — Maltbys 
Illustrations  of  the  Truth  of  tlic  Christian  Religion. 

"  Mr.  Jones  has  given  us  a  complete  enumeration  of  all  the  apo- 
cryphal books  of  the  New  Testament,  and  made  a  critical  inquiry 
into  e-ach  of  these  books,  with  an  English  version  of  those  of  them 
which  are  now  extant,  and  a  particular  proof  that  noue  of  them 
were  ever  admitted  into  the  Canon ;  and  he  hath  distinctly  pro- 
duced and  considered  every  testimony  relating  to  them  that  is  to 
be  found  in  any  Christian  writer  or  writers  uf  the  first  four  centu- 
ries after  Christ."'— Z-eZaJwi's  View  of  Deis^ical  Writers. 

"The  best  Enghsh  work  on  the  Canon  of  the  New  Testament." 

— B  ICE  ERST  ETH. 

'-With  its  contents  every  young  minister  ought  to  make  himself 
acquainted.'' — Lowndes's  Brit.  Lib. 

Jones  intended  to  have  prepared  a  vol.  on  the  Apos- 
tolical Fathers.  See  Chalmers's  Biog.  Diet.;  Lon.  Gent, 
Mag.,  Ixxiii.  501. 

Jones,  Jezreel.  1.  Dissertatio  de  Lingua  Shilhensi, 
Amst,  1715.     2.   Con.  to  Phil.  Trans.,  1699. 

Jones,  John,  author  of  The  Art  and  Science  of  Pre- 
serving the  Body  and  Soul  in  Health.  Lon.,  1579,  4to,  and 
other  medical  works,  1556-74,  practised  at  Bath  and  Der- 
byshire. See  Athen.  Oxon. ;  Aikin's  Biog.  Memoirs  of 
Med. 

Jones,  John,  1575-1636,  an  English  Benedictine, 
wrote  Sacra  Ars  Memoriie,  &.C.,  Douay,  1623,  Svo,  Con- 
ciliatio  Locorum  Communium  totius  Scriptun*©,  1623,  and 
edited  and  aided  in  some  other  works.  See  Athen.  Oxon.: 
Dodd's  Chureh  Hist. 

Jones,  John.  Adrasta;  or.  The  Woman's  Spleene 
and  Love's  Conquest,  a  Tragi-Comedy,  Lon.,  1635,  4to. 

Jones,  John.  Ovid's  Invective,  or  Curse  against  Ibis, 
trans,  into  Eugli^^h,  Oxf.,  1658,  Svo. 

Jones,  John.     Legal  works,  1650,  '51,  24mo. 

Jones,  John,  M.D.     Med.  treatises,  1683-1701. 

Jones,  John.     Conformity  to  Ch.  of  Eng.,  16S4-1705. 

Jones,  John.     Art  of  Spelling,  Lon.,  1704,  4to. 

Jones,  John.     Serm..  Oxf.,  1728,  Svo. 

Jones,  John,  b.  1700,  Rector  of  Boulne-Hurst,  Bed- 
fordshire, pub.  a  few  theolog.  treatises,  one  of  which— Free 
and  Candid  Disquisitions  relating  to  the  Ch.  of  England, 
Lon.,  1749,  '50,  Svo — produced  an  animated  controversy, 
which  lasted  for  several  years.  See  Nichols's  Lit.  Anec; 
Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  Ixxxi.,  Pt.  1,  510. 

Jones,  John,  M.D.,  1729-1791,  an  eminent  physi- 
cian, a  native  of  Jamaica.  Long  Island,  a  pupil  of  Dr. 
Cadwallader.  and  the  medical  preceptor  of  Dr.  Mease, 
both   of  Philadelphia,  practised   in   New  York,    iu    Lho 


JOX 


JON 


ATuerican  Army  in  1755,  and  from  1780  to  '91  in  Phila- 
delphia. He  was  tho  physician  of  General  Washington 
and  of  Benjamin  Franklin.  Plain  Remarks  upon  "Wuunds 
and  Fractures,  1755.  After  his  death,  a  vol.  containing 
his  surgical  works,  with  an  account  of  his  life,  was  pub. 
by  Br.  Mease,  1705,  8vo.  See  Ramsay's  Revolution; 
Thacher's  Amer.  Med.  Biog. 

Jones,  John.     Poems,  Lon.,  1779,  4to. 

Joues,  John.     Accurate  Calculator,  1784,  4to. 

Jones,  John,  LL.D.,  d.  1S27,  a  Unitarian  minister, 
and  subsequently  a  teacher  in  London,  pub.  Latin  and 
Greek  Grammars,  and  a  number  of  theolug.  and  iihilulo- 
gical  worlis,  of  which  the  following  are  the  best-known. 
1.  The  Epist.  of  Paul  to  the  Romans  analyzed,  Lon.,  1S02, 
8vo.     2.  Illustrations  of  the  Four  Gospels,  Lon.,  1808,  8vo. 

"Though  the  reader  will  often  difler  from  Mr.  Jones  in  the  theo- 
logical opiniona  expressed  in  this  work,  he  will  frequently  admire 
the  ingenuity  which  it  displays,  and  regret  that  so  much  talent  and 
learning  are  so  iU  directed/' — Orme's  Bibl.  Bib. 

3.  Ecclesiastical  Researches,  1812,  8vo.  4.  Sequel  to 
theRosearches,  1S13,  Svo.  5.  New  Version  of  the  Epistles 
to  the  Coloss.,  Thessal.,  Timothy,  Titus,  and  the  General 
Epist.  of  James,  1819,  '20,  12mo. 

"In  many  instances  made  to  support  the  scheme  of  the  modern 
Socinians." — Hoimes  Bibl.  Bib. 

See  Eclectic  Rev.,  N.  S..  xiv.  277-283. 

6.  A  New  Version  of  the  first  three  Chap,  of  Genesis, 
1819,  Svo. 

'•It  discovers  the  genius,  and  also  the  distressing  perversity,  of 
the  learned  writer." — Orme's  Bibl.  Bib. 

7.  A  Greek  and  English  Lexicon,  1823,  Svo. 

"This  is  a  very  valuable  addition  to  the  means  of  acquiring  a 
knowledgo  of  Greek,  not  only  of  the  classic  writers,  but  of  the 
Scripture.  It  contains  all  the  words  of  the  New  Testament  and 
of  the  Septuagint.  ...  It  is,  perhaps,  not  altogether  free  from  the 
bias  of  the  author's  theological  creed.' — Orme's  Bibl.  Bib. 

"I  have  examined  it  again  and  again;  and  I  have  no  hesitation 
in  pronouncing  it  the  work  of  a  man  of  sense  and  a  man  of  learning. 
The  usefulness  of  it  is  intliajiutublf ;  and  my  hope  is  that  it  will  be 
extensively  known  and  justly  valued." — Da.  Parr. 

Also  highly  commended  by  the  Eelec.  Rev.  for  June, 
1825,  and  the  Congreg.  Mag.  for  the  same  month.  An 
unfavourable  notice  of  this  work  will  be  found  in  the  2d 
No.  of  the  Westminster  Review.  A  school  ed.  of  this 
valuable  Lexicon  was  pub.  by  the  author.  A  biographical 
account  of  Dr.  Jones,  and  an  account  of  his  works,  will  be 
found  in  the  Lon.  Gent.  Mag.  for  April,  1827. 

Jones,  John.  Medical,  Philosophical,  and  Vulgar 
Errors  of  various  kinds  refuted,  Lon.,  1797,  Svo. 

Jones,  John.  Amatory  Odes,  Epistles,  and  Sonnets, 
the  productions  of  an  uneducated  youth,  Lon.,  1799,  Svo. 
Anon. 

Jones,  John.     Serm.,  1S12,  4to. 

Jones,  John,  LL.D.,  1772-1838,  Barrister-at-Law  of 
London,  a  native  of  Derwydd,  Caermartheu.-5hire,  an  emi- 
nent scholar,  pub.  a  trans,  of  Dr.  Bugge's  Travels  in  the 
French  Republic,  from  the  Danish,  Lon.,  ISDl,  12mo  ; 
Cyfamod  Newydd,  or  the  Gospels  trans,  into  Welsh  from 
the  Greek,  1818,  12mojand  a  Hist,  of  Wales,  Svo.  Of  the 
last  work,  an  enlarged  and  corrected  copy,  intended  for  a 
new  ed.,  was  found  among  his  papers,  and  ho  also  left  in 
MS.  The  Worthies  of  Wales,  or  Memoirs  of  Eminent  An- 
cient Britons  and  AVelshmen,  from  Cassebelaunus  to  the 
present  time.  A  biographical  notice  of  Dr.  Jones  will  be 
found  in  the  Lon.  Gent.  Mag.  for  March,  1838. 

Joues,  John,  of  Indian  River,  Worcester  county, 
Maryland.  New  Species  of  Grape  j  Trans.  Amer.  Soc.,  i. 
406. 

Jones,  Rev.  John,  of  Waterbeach.  Scripture  An- 
tiquities, Lon.,  182  . 

"  Designed  as  an  introductory  help  for  the  better  understanding 
of  the  Sacred  Scriptures." — Lowndes's  Brit.  Lib. 

Jones,  John,  Archdeacon  of  Merioneth,  and  Rector 
of  Llanbedr.  The  Moral  Tendency  of  Divine  Revelation  : 
Vlll.  Discourses  at  Bampton  Lect.,  1821,  Oxf.,  1821,  Svo. 

Jones,  John,  an  uneducated  poet,  patronized  by 
Southey,  was  b.  in  1774,  at  Clearwell,  Gloucestershire. 
His  Attempts  at  Verso,  by  John  Jones,  an  Old  Servant, 
with  an  Account  of  his  Life  written  by  Himself,  were  pub. 
in  1831,  Svo,  and  also  compose  the  Appendix  to  Southey 's 
Lives  of  Uneducated  Poets,  Lon.,  1836,  12mo.  In  the 
earlier  part  of  the  work  will  be  found  Southey'a  account 
of  John  Jones,  and  his  estimate  of  his  poetical  abilities. 
Jones's  vol.  was  reviewed  in  Edin.  Rev.,  liv.  69-84. 

Jones,  John.  The  Book  of  the  Prophet  Isaiah,  trans, 
from  the  Hebrew  text  of  Vandcr  Hooght,  Oxf.  and  Lon., 
1830,  12mo. 

"This  version  is  made  from  the  Hebrew  text  of  TanderHooght's 
edition  of  the  Bible,  wluch  may  now  be  regarded  as  the  received 
Hebrew  text.  In  the  elucidation  of  obscurities,  the  translator  haa 
diligently  compared  the  versions  and  illustrations  of  Schmidt,  Da 


Difiu,  Vitringa,  Bishops  Lowth  and  Stock,  Dathe,  Rosonmiiller,  Oe- 
senius,  and  others,  and  he  states  that  ho  ts  indebted  to  the  lute  dia 
tinguished  Orientjilist,  the  Rev.  Dr.  Nicoll,  fur  his  kind  and  able 
assistance." — Home's  Bibl.  Bib. 

"  On  the  whole,  we  consider  it  tn  be  a  valuable  specimen  of  trans- 
lation.''— Lon.  Congreg.  Mag.,  xiv.  307. 

Jones,  John,  Head-Master  of  the  Countess  of  Hare- 
wood's  school.  1.  Theory  and  Practice  of  Notes  of  Lessons, 
Lon.,  185.3,  12mo.  2.  The  Liturgical  Class-Book,  1855, 
12mo  ;  2d  ed.  same  year. 

Jones,  John  B.,b.  1  SI  0,  at  Baltimore,  Md.  1.  Wild 
AVestern  Scenes,  Phila.,  1849,  12mo:  50,00(1  copies  issued 
before  1856.  2.  Book  of  Visions.  1847,  12mo.  .3.  Rural 
Sports;  a  Poem,  1848.  4.  The  Western  Merchant.  1848, 
12mo.  5.  The  Rival  Belles,  1852,  12mo.  6.  Adventures 
of  Col.  Vanderbomb,  1852,  12mo.  7.  The  Monarchist, 
1853,  12mo.  8.  Life  and  Adventures  of  a  Country  Mer- 
chant, 1S54,  12mo.  9.  Freaks  of  Fortune,  1854,' 12mo. 
10.  Winkles,  a  humorous  Tale,  1855,  12mo.  An  edition 
of  5000  copies  sold  in  a  few  months.  11.  The  War-Path: 
The  Second  Series  of  Wild  Western  Scenes,  1856,  12mo. 
This  popular  writer  has  been  for  a  number  of  years  con- 
nected with  the  press,  and  has  recently  (1857)  established 
a  weekly  paper  in  Philadelphia,  entitled  The  Southern  Mo- 
nitor, and  devoted  to  the  advocacy  of  Southern  interests. 

Jones,  John  Gale,  d.  1838,  aged  67,  a  surgeon  and 
apothecary  of  London,  but  more  noted  as  a  railical  orator 
and  leader,  pub.  Observations  on  the  Hooping  Cough, 
Lon.,  1794,  Svo.  and  several  political  orations,  letters,  Ac., 
1794-1806.     See  Lon.  Gent.  Mag..  Aug.  183S. 

Jones,  John  Hilton,  b.  1827.  1.  Guide  to  Bass,  N.Y., 
1853.  2.  66  Psalm  Interludes,  Bost.,  1854.  3.  Treat,  on 
Counteqjoint.  Bost.,  1S55.  4.  Twelve  Organ  Voluntaries, 
Bost..  1855.     5.  Melodies  for  the  Melodeon. 

Jones,  Sir  John  T.,  Colonel  R.A.  1.  Journal  of  the 
Sieges  of  the  Allies  in  Spain,  1811-12,  Svo,  1814.  2.  Ditto 
from  1811-14,  3  vols.  Svo,  184S.  3.  The  War  in  Spain, 
Portugal,  and  France/  1808-14,  Svo,  1818;  2d  ed.,  1S2I, 
Svo. 

Jones,  John  Winter,  Keeper  of  the  Printed  Books 
in  the  British  Museum.  1.  Hakluyt:  Divers  Voyages 
touching  the  Discovery  of  America,  edited:  Hakluyt's  So- 
ciety's publications.  No.  7,  1850.  2.  The  Travels  of  Niccolo 
Conti  in  the  East,  in  the  Early  Part  of  the  Fifteenth  Cen- 
tury; translated  from  the  original  of  Poggio  Bracciolini, 
with  Notes:  No.  2  in  India  in  the  Fifteenth  Centurv; 
HaJiluyt  Soc,  1858,  Svo.  3.  British  Museum:  A  Guide 
to  the  Printed  Books  Exhilnted  to  the  Public  in  the  Gren- 
ville  Library  and  King's  Library,  1S5S,  p.  Svo,  pp.  31. 

Jones,  Jonathan.     Religious  Liberty.  Lon.,  Svo. 

Jones,  Rev.  Joseph.  Theological  publications,  Lon., 
1840-53. 

Jones,  Joseph  H.,  D.D.,  a  Presbyterian  minister  of 
Philadelphia.  1.  Revivals  of  Religion,  Phila.,  1839.  2. 
Influence  of  Physical  Causes  on  Religious  Experience, 
1846,  ISmo.  3.  Life  of  Ashbel  Green,  D.D.,  N.York.  1849, 
Svo.  See  Green.  Ashbel,  V.D.M.  4.  Serm.  on  the  Death 
of  the  Rev.  C.  C.  Cuvler,  D.D.,  1850.  Other  serms.,  re- 
views, and  essays,  pub.  separately. 

Joues,  L.  T.,  Captain  R.A.  British  Campaigns  on 
the  Continent  in  1794,  Birming.,  1797,  4to. 

Jones,  Rev.  Lewis  A.     Poem,  Lon.,  1760,  4to. 

Jones,  3Iiss  Mary,  of  Oxford.  Miscellanies  in  Prose 
and  Verse,  Lon.,  1752,  Svo. 

"  She  was  a  very  ingenious  poetess,  and  published  a  volume  of 
poems.  .  .  .  She  w.is  sister  to  the  Rev.  River  Jones,  Chanter  of 
Christ  Church  Cathedral  at  Oxford,  and  Johnson  used  to  call  her 
the  Chantress.  I  have  heard  him  often  address  her  in  this  passage 
from  II  Penseroso: 

"  'Thee,  Chantress,  oft  the  woods  among  I  woo,'  &c. 

"She  died  unmarried."— Thomas  "Wharton,  in  BosivcWs  Lift  of 
Johnson,  Croker's  ed.,  184S,  r.  8vo,  108. 

Jones,  O.,  an  uneducated  journeyman  woolcomber 
and  "Devonshire  Poet."    Poetic  Attempts,  Lon.,  1786,  Svo, 

Jones,  Oliver  J,,  Captain  R.N.  Recollections  of  a 
Winter  Campaign  in  India  in  1857-1858,  Lon.,  1858,  r.  Svo, 

Jones,  Owen,  1740-1814,  pub.  a  valuable  collection 
of  Welsh  poetry  and  historical  documents  in  3  vols.  4to, 
under  the  title  of  the  Archaiology  of  Wales,  the  entire 
works  of  the  celebrated  Cambrian  bard  Dafydds  ab  Gwilym, 
and  other  productions.  He  also  collected  about  sixty  vol.-^. 
4to  of  unpub.  Welsh  poetry  composed  anterior  to  the  year 
1700.  A  notice  of  this  zealous  antiquary — a  furrier  in 
London — will  be  found  in  the  Lon.  Retrospective  Review, 
1825.  xi.  67. 

Jones,  Owen,  an  architect  of  London,  b.  in  Wales 
about  1809,  deserves  honourable  mention  for  his  magnificent 
volumes,  some  of  which  have  been  already  noticed  by  us. 
See  Humphreys,  Henry  Noel,  No.  3;  Irving,  Washing- 
ton, No.  9.   We  must  also  notice  Mr.  Jones's  trans,  from  the 


JON 


JON 


French  of  Serous  d'Agincourt's  History  of  Art  by  its 
Monuments,  from  ils  Decline  in  the  Fourth  century  to  its 
Eestoration  in  the  Sixteenth,  illustrated  by  3325  subjects 
on  328  plates,  1847,  3  vols,  in  1,  r.  fol.  j  and  Views  on  the 
Nile  from  Cairo  to  the  Second  Caturact,  from  drawings 
made  on  the  spot  by  Owen  Jones  and  M.  Goury,  30  plates, 
imp.  fol.  We  also  notice  :  1.  Designs  for  Mosaic  and  Tes- 
selated  Pavements,  18i3,  imp.  4to.  2.  An  Attempt  to  De- 
fine the  Principles  which  should  Regulate  the  Employment 
of  Colour  in  the  Decorative  Arts:  a  Lecture,  1S52.  3.  An 
Apology  for  the  Colouring  of  the  Greek  Court.  [Crystal 
Palace,  Sydenham,]  &c.  4.  The  Grammar  of  Ornament:  100 
fol.  plates,  3000  examples,  with  text,  25  pts.,  1S66,  £19  10«. 

"The  Cirammar  of  Ornament  is  beautiful  enough  to  bo  the  horn- 
book of  angels." — Lon.  Athenirum,  April  4,  1857,  441,  q.  v. 

Jones,  Pascal.  My  Uncle  Ilohson  and  I;  or.  Dashes 
at  Life  with  a  Free  Broad-Axe,  N.  York,  12mo. 

Jones,  Pbilip.  1.  Certaine Sermons,  Lon.,  15S8,  Svo. 
2.  Certaine  Briefc  and  Speciall  Instructions  for  Gentle- 
men, Merchants,  &c.  employed  in  seruices  abrode,  &c., 
1589,  4to.     Very  rare  j  priced,  some  years  since,  £4  4s. 

Jones,  Philip.  An  Essay  on  Crookedness  or  Dis- 
tortions of  the  Spine  of  Children,  Lon.,  1788,  8vo. 

Jones,  R.  Two  Sermons,  Matt,  xxviii.  1.3,  in  The 
Phenix.  (Lon.,  1707,  2  vols.)  ii.  47S. 

Jones,  R.,  Lieut,  of  Artillery.  Treatise  on  Skating, 
Lon..  1772.  8vo ;  new  ed.,  1855,  12mo. 

Jones,  R.  Hist,  of  the  French  Bar,  Officers,  Courts, 
&c.,  Lon.,  1855,  Svo. 

Jones,  Rice,  1715-lSOl,  a  'Welsh  poet,  a  native  of 
Merionethshire,  pub.  a  collection  of  poetry  from  various 
authors,  ancient  and  modern,  under  the  title  of  Welsh 
Anthology,  1770,  4to. 

Jones,  Richard.  1.  Instructions  for  Christians, 
Lon.,  1581,  Svo.     2.  A  Catechisme,  1589,  Svo. 

Jones,  Richard.  1.  Periochas  in  Novum  Testamen- 
tum  Metris  Britannicis,  Lon.,  1053,  Svo.  2.  Abstract  of 
the  Bible,  digested  into  Cambrian  Metrical  Numbers,  1655, 
Svo. 

Jones,  Richard.     Serms.  and  an  Essay,  1769-83. 

Jones,  Richard.  Every  Builder  his  own  Surveyor, 
1809,  Svo. 

Jones,  Rev.  Richard,  Prof,  of  History  and  Political 
Economy  at  the  East  India  College,  Herts,  &c,  1.  An 
Essay  on  the  Distribution  of  Wealth  and  on  the  Sources 
of  Taxation,  Lon.,  1831,  Svo.  Part  1,  new  ed.,  1844,  p. 
Svo. 

"  Perhaps  it  wag  hardly  necessary  to  notice  this  work,  which  con- 
sists principally  of  a  series  of  irrelevant  and  inapplicable  criticisms 
on  the  theory  of  rent  as  explained  by  Mr.  Ricardo.  It  was  reviewed 
and  fairly  appreciated  in  an  article  in  the  54th  volume  [84-99]  of 
the  Edinburgh  Review,  to  which  we  beg  to  refer  such  of  our  readers 
as  may  wish  for  further  information  on  the  subject." — McCullocJCs 
LU.  of  Polit.  Bcon.,  33. 

It  was  also  reviewed  in  the  46th  vol.  of  the  Lon.  Quar- 
terly Review,  81-117.  2.  Lectures,  Essays,  and  Literary 
Remains,  now  first  collected,  with  an  Introductory  Preface 
by  the  Rev.  W.  Whewell,  D.D.,  Master  of  Trin.  Coll., 
Camb.,  1856,  Svo. 

Jones,  Robert.  Bookes  of  Songs,  Ayres,  Madrigals, 
Ac,  1601,  '07,  'OS,  '09,  '11. 

Jones,  Robert,  D.D.     Manual  of  Prayers,  1703,  Svo. 

Jones,  Robert.     Fire-works,  Lon.,  1766,  Svo. 

Jones,  Robert,  D.D.  Serms.  on  the  Commandments, 
Ex.  XX.  2-17,  Lon.,  1818,  Svo. 

Jones,  Robert,  M.D.  1.  The  State  of  Medicine, 
Edin.,  1781,  Svo.     2.  Nervous  Fevers,  Salisb.,  1789,  Svo. 

Jones,  Rowland.  The  Origin  of  Languages,  Lon., 
1764,  Svo.  Postscript,  1767,  Svo.  The  author  attempts 
to  prove  that  the  Welsh  was  the  primeval  language.  He 
pub.  several  other  philological  works.  See  Watt's  Bibl. 
Brit. 

Jones,  Samuel.  Poetical  Miscellanies,  Lon.,  1714, 
Svo. 

Jones,  Samuel,  and  R.  Varick.  Laws  of  the  State 
of  New  York,  Feb.  177S  to  Mch.  1789,  N.  York,  1789,  2 
vols.  fol. 

Jones,  Samuel.  Review  of  Haldane's  Observations 
on  Forbearance,  1811,  12mo. 

Jones,  Silas.  An  Introduction  to  Legal  Sciences, 
N.  York,  1842,  12mo. 

Jones,  Stephen,  1763-1827,  has  already  been  noticed 
as  editor  of  The  Biographiea  Dramatica,  in  our  notice  of 
David  Erskine  Baker,  q.  v.  Jones  was  connected  with 
several  periodicals,  and  pub.  a  number  of  works,  among 
■which  were  Masonic  Miscellanies,  1797, 12mo,  an  English 
Dictionary,  an  edit,  of  Sheridan's  Dictionary,  (new  ed.  by 
Eirkin,  1839,)  and  a  Biographical  Dictionary,  2d  ed.,  1796, 
12mo;  Sth  ed.,  1840,  ISmo. 
Sao 


"A  little  work  of  great  value  for  the  accuracy  of  its  dates  and 
for  irhe  neatness  and  precision  of  its  style." — Dr.  Drake. 

"  From  careful  observation  while  in  England.  I  know  that  Jones's 
notation  [in  his  Dictionary  of  the  English  Language]  is  far  more 
correct  than  that  of  Sheridan  or  Wallcer." — No.\H  Webster  :  Pref. 
to  liis  Dictionary,  Springfield,  1852,  4to,  Ixii.  See  also  Lon.  Gent. 
Mag.,  Jan.  1828. 

Jones,  T.     Dramas  and  Poems,  Lon.,  1805-08,  Ac. 

Jones,  T.    The  Sons;  a  Tragic  Play,  Lon.,  1809, 12mo. 

Jones,  T.     Reform  of  Special  Pleading,  Lon.,  1S50. 

Jones,    T.  Percy.      See  Avtoun,   Wm.   Edmosds- 

TOUNE. 

Jones,  T.  Rupert.     See  Mantell,  Gideon  A. 

Jones,  T.  Wharton,  Prof,  of  Ophthalmic  Medicine 
and  Surgery  in  University  College,  London.  1.  Manual 
of  Pharmacology,  Lon.,  ISmo.  2.  Manual  of  Ophthalmic 
Medicine  and  Surgery.  1847,  fp.  Svo  ;  2d  ed.,  1855,  fp.  Svo 
1st  Amer.  ed.  by  Isaac  Hays,  M.D.,  Phila.,  1847,  12mo ; 
2d  Amer.  ed.  from  the  2d  Lou.  ed.,  by  Edward  Hartshorne, 
M.D.,  1856,  12mo. 

"Tlie  work  is  marked  by  that  correctness,  clearness,  and  preci- 
sion of  style  which  distinguish  all  the  productions  of  the  learned 
author." — Brit,  and  For.  iled.  Kcv. 

"  We  can  assure  stud-?nta  that  they  cannot  meet  with  a  hand-book 
on  this  suljject  that  is  more  ably  or  more  carefully  written." — Lon. 
Med.  Gaxtte. 

3.  The  Wisdom  and  Beneficence  of  the  Almighty  as  dis- 
played in  the  Sense  of  Vision  ,■  being  the  Actonian  Prizo 
Essay  for  1S51,  12mo,  1851. 

"  A  fit  sequel  to  the  Cridgewater  Treatises ;  it  is  pliilosophically 
and  admirably  written." — LoJl.  Literary  Gazette. 

"  This  treatise  resembles  in  style  of  treatment  the  famous  Bridge- 
water  Treatises." — Lon.  Atfienxiim. 

4.  Defects  of  Sight :  their  Natural  Causes,  Prevention, 
and  General  Management,  Lon.,  1856.  5.  Catechism  of 
the  Medicine  and  Surgery  of  the  Eye  and  Ear,  1S57, 12mo. 
6.  Editor  of  3d  ed.  of  Dr.  AV.  Mackenzie's  Prac.  Treat,  on 
Diseases  of  the  Eye:  with  an  Appendix,  1839,  Svo. 

Jones,  Theophilus,  or  Thomas.  Treatises  against 
Romanism,  Lon.,  1678,  '82,  <fec. 

Jones,  Theophilus.  A  Hist,  of  the  County  of 
Brecknock,  Breck.,  1S05-09,  3  vols.  4to,  £7  98.  M. 

''A  work  of  great  labour  and  research,  containing  a  great  mass 
of  information  not  always  commxmicated  in  the  most  pleasing 
form." — Lotvnde^s  Bibl.  Man. 

Jones,  Thomas.  Prolus.  Academics.  Oxf.,  1660,  Svo. 

Jones,  Thomas.  Welsh  and  English  Dictionary, 
Lon.,  1688,  12mo ;  Shrowsb.,  1777,  12mo. 

Jones,  Sir  Thomas,  a  Judge  of  the  King's  Bench 
under  Charles  II.  and  James  II.,  is  best  known  by  his 
Reports  K.  B.  and  C.  P.,  19  Car.  II.  to  1  Jac.  II.,  1667-85. 
In  French,  Lon.,  1695,  fol.:  French  and  English,  1729,  fol. 
Cited  as  Second  Jones  to  distinguish  it  from  Sir  William 
(First)  Jones's  Reports. 

"It  is  a  work,  I  believe,  of  very  reputable  authority." — JVaUacc's 
Sejjorters,  3d  ed.,  1855,  217,  q.  v. 

Printed  at  the  end  of  Jones's  Reports  will  be  found  his 
Argument  in  the  Exchequer  Chamber  in  the  Earl  of  Derby's 
Case.  Sir  Thomas  also  pub.  The  Rise  and  Progress  of  the 
Honourable  Society  of  Ancient  Britons,  with  cuts.l717,Svo. 

Jones,  Thomas.     Diseases  of  Women,  1740,  Svo. 

Jones,  Rev.  Thomas,  ofSouthwark.  Works:  Dis- 
courses and  Serms.,  with  a  Pref.  by  Rev.  Wm.  Romainc, 
Lon.,  1763,  Svo;  4th  ed.,  1775,  8vo. 

Jones,  Rev.  Thomas.     Beauties  of  the  Poets,  1777. 

Jones,  Thomas.     Con.  to  Med.  Com.,  1785. 

Jones,  Thomas,  M.P.     Speech,  Lon.,  1800,  Svo. 

Jones,  Thomas,  1756-1807,  Head-Tutor  Trin.  Coll., 
Camb.,  1787-1807,  pub.  a  Serm.  on  Duelling,  Lon.,  1792, 
4to,  and  an  Address  to  the  Volunteers  of  Montgomeryshire. 
See  Chalmers's  Biog.  Diet. 

Jones,  Thomas,  Rector  of  Creaton.  1.  Scripture 
Directory,  Lon.,  1811,  Svo ;  Sth  ed.,  1839, 1 2mo.  2.  Jonah's 
Portrait,  1818,  12mo ;  9th  ed.,  1845,  fp.  Svo. 

"  A  very  edifying  work." — Biekersteth's  C.  S. 

3.  The  True  Christian  ;  Sth  ed.,  1844,  sq.  4.  The  Pro- 
digal's Pilgrimage,  1831,  12mo;  new  ed.,  1847,  16mo.  5. 
Sober  Views  of  the  Millennium,  1835, 12mo.  6.  Fountain 
of  Life;  3d  ed.,  1848,  16mo.  7.  Notes  of  55  Serms.  of  his, 
edited  by  Rev.  John  Owen,  1851,  12mo. 

''Its  contents  are  very  interesting  and  valuable,  expressed  in  lan- 
guage sunple,  concise,  and  energetic." — Editor's  Preface. 

See  Mr.  Owen's  Memoir  of  Mr.  Jones,  1851,  12mo;  2d 
ed.,  1853,  12mo. 

Jones,  Rev.  Thomas.     Eccles.  Liberality,  1812. 

Jones,  Thomas.  The  Mediation  of  Jesus  Christ, 
Lon.,  1S2S,  Svo;  3d  ed.,  1832,  Svo. 

"  Of  every  section  and  of  every  sentence  In  this  book.  It  may  be 
truly  said,  '  Jesus  Christ  is  all  in  all.'  It  is,  in  fact,  a  beautiful  epi- 
tome of  the  gospel."— W.  Thorp,  T.  Winter,  W.  Lucy,  and  T.  Ro- 
berts, Bristol ;  with  recommendations  also  by  George  Cubitt  aud 
W.  M.  Harvard,  Wesleyan  Ministers. 


JON 


Jones,  Rev,  Thomas.  The  Interpreter :  a  Summary 
View  of  the  Revelation  of  St.  John,  Lon.,  1836,  12mo. 
This  is  founded  on  the  Rev.  Henry  Gauntlott's  E.-ipository 
Discourses  on  the  Book  of  Revelation :  see  p.  606  of  this 
Dictionary. 

"  This  is  a  useful  little  volume  on  a  difllcult  subject.  Although 
wo  could  have  wished  that  it  had  less  reference  to  modern  events 
nnd  kept  to  the  admirable  and  sober  views  of  Bishop  Newton,  yei 
it  may  be  safely  recommended  as,  on  the  whole,  a  cheap  and  valu- 
aljle  exposition."— ion.  Chris.  Remcmb.,  Nov.  1836,  066. 

Jones,  Thomas.  1.  Irish  Exchcq.  Reports,  1835-37, 
Duhl.,  1  vol.  and  2  Pta.  8vo.  2.  With  E.  Hayes,  do., 
lfi31-32,  3  Pts.  8vo.  3.  With  H.  Carey,  1838-39,  2  Pts. 
8vo.  4.  With  E.  D.  Latouchere,  Irish  Chancery  Reports, 
l,S44-46,  3  Pts.  Svo. 

Jones,  Thomas  Rymer,  Prof,  of  Comparative  Ana- 
tomy in  King's  College,  London,  late  Fullerian  Prof,  of 
Physiology,  Royal  Institution.  1.  A  General  Outlineof  the 
Animal  Kingdom,  and  Manual  of  Comparative  Anatomy, 
nearly  350  illustrations,  1841,  Svo,  388.;  r.  8vo,  £3  16s.; 
imp.  Svo,  £5  14«. ;  2d.  ed.,  1855,  Svo,  3l8.  6d. 

"In  the  mean  time  we  may  state— and  we  do  so  without  detract- 
iuK  from  the  merits  of  other  works— that  the  general  outhne  of  the 
Animal  Kingdom  is,  in  our  opinion,  the  best  work  of  the  kind  in 
ony  language."— iyinfciiri/Zi  Mjidlil;/  Journal  0/  Medical  Science, 
May,  1841.    Commended  also  by  Lon.  Qu.ar.  Rev. 

2.  Lects.  on  the  Nat.  Hist,  of  Animals:  vol.  i.,  1844,  Svo; 
ii.,  1S52,  p.  Svo ;  illustrations.  This  work  is  not  yot  com- 
pleted, (1S58.)  ^  ,     .  ^  _^ 

'•Combining  in  a  very  felicitous  manner  the  useful  with  tne 
agreeable."— ion.  AtUs.  „        t  .  t. 

3.  The  Aquarian  Naturalist,  1858.  See  Lon.  Athen., 
1858,  Pt.  2,  301. 

Jones,  Thomas  Snell,  D.D.,  Minister  of  Lady  Glen- 
orchv's  Chapel,  Edin.     1.  20  Sorms.,  Edin.,  1810,  Svo. 

••For  an  accurate  knowledge  of  human  nature,  exact  observa- 
tion, and  just  dnductions.  for  richness  of  scriptural  truth  and  purity 
of  doctrinal  views,  for  niiuisterial  faithfulness  and  practical  utility, 
we  can  refer  our  readers  to  few  books  more  appropriately  than  to 
this  production  of  Dr.  Jones."— i;rfin.  Chris,  luslruclor. 

See  also  Ecleo.  Rev.  for  Sept.  1S16.  2.  The  Life  of  the 
Viscountess  Glenorchy:  see  Glexorchy,  Willielma,  Vis- 
countess. 

Jones,  W.    The  Art  of  Music,  Lon.,  1786,  fol. 
Jones,  W.  C.     Revised  Statutes  of  Missouri,  St.Louis, 
1845,  Svo.  ^   ,. 

Jones,  Walter,  D.D.,  Chaplain-m-Ordinary.  1.  As- 
size Serm.,  1720,  Svo.     2.  XVIL  .«erms.,  1741,  Svo. 

Jones,  AVilliam.  1.  Sixe  Bookes  of  Politickes;  from 
the  Latin  of  Lipsius,  Lon.,  15a4,  Uo.  2.  Nennio,  or  A 
Treatise  of  Nobility ;  from  the  Italian  of  Sir  J.  B.  Nenna, 
1595,  4to. 

Jones,  William,  D.D.  1.  Serm.  on  the  Nativity, 
Lon.,  1614,  4to.  2.  Treat,  of  Patience  in  Tribulation, 
1625,  4to.  .   ^ 

Jones,  William,  D.D.,  of  Cambridge.  A  Comment, 
on  the  Epistles  to  Philemon  and  Hebrews,  and  on  the  II. 
and  III.  Epistles  of  St.  John,  1635,  fol. 

Jones,  Sir  William,  M.P.,  1566-1640,  a  native  of 
Caern.arvon,  Wales,  educated  at  Oxford,  was  admitted  to 
the  principal  Society  of  Lincoln's  Inn  in  1587  ;  Chief- 
Justice  of  the  K.B.  in  Ireland,  1617  ;  Judge  of  tho  C.P. 
in  England,  1620;  transferred  to  the  K.B.,  1624.  Reports 
K.B.,  C.P.,  Dom.  Proc.,  and  Ex.  Ch.,  IS  Jac.  I.-17  Car.  I., 
1620-11.  In  French,  Lon.,  1675,  fol.  Cited  as  First 
Jones,  to  distinguish  it  from  Sir  Thomas  (Second)  Jones's 
Reports.  Sir  William  Jones's  Reports  is  a  book  of  au- 
thority ;  although— to  quote  from  Lord  Nottingham— there 
is  "  no  book  of  law  so  ill  corrected  or  so  ill  printed."  See 
Wallace's  Reporters,  3d  ed.,  1855, 185,  Marvin's  Log.  Bibl., 
42S,  and  authorities  cited  in  both  of  these  vols. 
Jones,  William.  A  Poem,  Lon.,  1691,  fol. 
Jones,  William,  1680-1749,  a  very  eminent  mathe- 
matician, tho  friend  of  Sir  Isaac  Newton,  Halley,  and 
Mead,  the  tutor  of  Lords  Ilardwicke  and  Mansfield,  and 

still  greater  distinction— the  father  of  Sir  William  Jones, 

was  a  native  of  the  island  of  Anglesey,  North  Wales,  and 
a  mathematical  teacher  in  London.  1.  A  New  Compen- 
dium of  the  Whole  Art  of  Navigation,  Lon.,  1702,  Svo. 
2  Synopsis  Palmariorum  Mathesos ;  or,  A  New  Introduc- 
tion to  the  JIathematics,  1746,  Svo.  This  is  a  valuable 
summary  of  mathematical  science. 
"Tliis  work  is  well  worthy  of  atteutive  perusal."— Da.  T.  Totrao. 
Mr.  Jones  also  contributed  several  mathemat.  papers  to 
Phil.  Trans.,  pub.  a  number  of  Sir  Isaac  Newton's  papers 
{that  might  otherwise  have  been  lost)  under  the  title  of 
Analysis  per  Quantitatum  Series  Fluxiones,  ac  Diffcren- 
tias;  cum  Euumeratione  Linearum  Tertii  Ordinis,  1711, 
4to :  and,  at  the  time  of  his  death,  had  ready  for  tho  press 
an  Introduction  to  the  Mathematics, — more  comprehensive 


JON 

than  his  Synopsis,— which  was  confided  to  Lord  Maccles- 
field for  publication,  and  was  neglected  or  lost.  "To  this 
gentleman  Mr.  Joues  devised  his  mathematical  library, 
which  was  said  to  be  the  best  in  England.  The  work  un- 
fortunately lost  or  destroyed  was  intended  to  serve  as  an 
introduction  to  the  mathematical  and  philosophical  works 
of  Sir  Isaac  Newton.  See  Lord  Teignmouth's  Life  of  Sir 
WUliam  Jones;  Hutton's  Diet.;  Nichols's  Lit.  Anec. 
Jones,  William,  M.D.  Longitude,  Lon.,  17S0,  4to. 
Jones,  William.  Account  of  Highwaymen,  Lon., 
1774,  Svo. 

Jones,  William,  of  Nayland,  1726-1800,  a  native 
of  Northamptonshire,  was  educated  at  the  Charter  House 
and  at  University  College,  Oxford;  Vicar  of  Bcthersden, 
Kent,  1764;  subsequently  Rector  of  Pluckley,  (which  he 
exchanged  for  Paston  ;)    Perpetu.al  Curate  of    Nayl.and, 
and,  in  179S,  Rector  of  HoUingbourn.     "Jones  of  Nay- 
land,"  or  "Trinity  Jones,"  as  he  is  sometimes  called,  was 
eminent  for  learning,  piety,  and  zeal,  and  his  knowledge 
of  music,  of  which  he  was  an  excellent  composer.     As  a 
theologian,  ho  belonged  to  the  Hutchinsonian  school,  and 
was  the  means  of  converting  his  friend  Bishop  Home  to 
the  same  creed.     He  has  the  credit  of  having  originated 
The  British  Critic.     A  collective  ed.  of  his  Theological, 
Philosophical,  and  Miscellaneous  AVorks,  with  his  Life,  by 
Wm.  Stevens,  was  pub.  in  1801,  12  vols.  Svo;  Theological 
and  Miscellaneous  Works,  repuh.,  with  Life,  by  Wm.  Ste- 
vens, ISIO,  6  vols.  Svo;  a  voU  of  his  Serms.,  Practical, 
Doctrinal,  and  Explanatory,  was  pub.  in  1829,  Svo  ;  two 
posthumous  vols.  (Svo)  of  Serms.  on  various  sulijects  and 
occasions,  now  first  pub.  from  the  original  MSS.,  edited 
by  the  Rev.  Henry  Walker,  appeared  in  1S30.     There  have 
been  recent  eds.  of  several  of  his  works.     A  Life  of  Jones 
of  Nayland  was  pub.  in  1849,  fp.  Svo.     Among  the  best- 
known  of  his  publications  are:  1.  Answer  to  Bishop  Clay- 
ton's Essay  on  Spirit,  1753  :  see  Clayton,  RoBEnT.__  2. 
Tho  Catholic  Doctrine  of  the  Trinity  Proved,  Ac,  1756. 
Ho  subsequently  published  several  other  treatises  in  de- 
fence of  the  doctrine  of  the  Trinity. 

"  One  of  the  most  satisfactory  defences  of  that  fundamental  doc- 
.finirLnv  .-if  tliR  TTi>lv  ScriDtm'es." — Bicker- 


trine,  on  the  simple  teatunony  of  the  Iloly  Scriptmcs.' 

steth's  C.  S.  ,       ,     ,_,    „     TT-Tj-       >, /•*  z> 

"  niB  tracts  on  the  Trinity  are  invaluable.'  —in/iKims  6  C.  J^ 
3.  Natural  Philosophy,  1762,  4to.     4.  Physiological  Dis- 
quisitions, 1781,  4to.     5.  Lects.  on  the  Figurative  Lan- 
guage of  the  Holy  Scriptures,  Ac,  1786,  Svo ;  6th  ed.,  1821, 
Svo  ;  new  ed.,  1849,  18mo. 

"His  rules  are  either  ambiguous  or  indefinite;  and, according  to 
his  principles,  a  lively  imagination  may  make  any  thing  out  of  the 
plainest  parts  of  Scripture.    More  satisfaction  will  be  found  in  a 
smgle  section  of  Glassius  than  in  the  whole  of  Mr.  Jones's  volume. 
— Ortiic's  Bibl.  Bib.  ,      ,  ^.  .  j 

"His  Figurative  L.-inguage  of  Scripture,  Book  of  Nature,  and 
other  practical  works,  are  (notwithstanding  the  excess  of  figurative 
iuterpretation)  interesting  and  \\setnl."—Bickersteth's  C.  S. 

"  His  Lectures  on  the  Figurative  Language  of  Scripture  are  full 
of  instruction.  .  .  .  His  Sermons  are  grievously  deficient  in  Evan- 
gelical sentiment." — Williams's  C.  P. 

■■  Valuable  and  pious  Lectures  [on  the  Figurative  Language  01 
Scripture]."— Home's  Bibl.  Bib. 

"These  Lecturfs  constitute,  in  our  opinion,  one  of  the  most  inge- 
nious and  valu.able  Works  of  their  Author:  they  arc  .it  once  calcu- 
lated to  illustrate  and  enforce  scriptural  truths,  to  throw  new  light 
upon  some  doubtftd  pass,ages,  to  enlarge  the  understandmg.  to  affect 
the  heart  and  conscience,  and  stunulato  to  upright  and  holy  con- 
duct."—Bc/ecfic  Hev.,  Aug.  1809. 

"  One  of  the  most  interesting  works  that  can  be  presented  to  the 
young  Christian."— Grant's  i'/JS^isA  Church. 

6.  The  Scholar  armed  against  the  Errors  of  the  Time, 
1792,  2  vols.  Svo.  These  vols,  are  composed  of  a  numher 
of  dissertations,  extracts,  Ac.  collected  by  Mr.  Jones  and 
pub.  in  this  shape. 

"  These  two  volumes  may  be  considered  as  a  library  in  themselves 
to  anv  young  student  of  the  Church  of  England,  and  no  such  per- 
son who  takes  a  fancy  to  what  he  there  finds  can  ever  fall  into  ko- 
cini.anism.  Fanaticism.  Popery,  or  any  of  those  other  modern  corrup- 
tions which  infest  this  Church  and  nation."— Jonci's  Life  0/ Bishop 
Jlonie. 

7.  The  Life  of  Bishop  Home,  1795,  Svo :  see  Hobne, 
George,  D.D.     S.  Zoologia  Ethica,  1771,  Svo. 

We  have  spoken  of  Mr.  Jones  as  a  proficient  in  music  : 
he  puh.  several  treatises  on  this  subject,  and  his  own  an- 
thems, in  score,  Ac,  were  greatly  admired.  See  his  Life 
by  Wm.  Stevens,  first  printed  in  the  Anti-Jacobin  Review, 
and  subsequently  prefixed  to  his  works,  (supra.) 

"  His  works  contain  many  things  learned,  ingenious,  and  fanci- 
tn\:'~Ormc's  Bibl.  Bib. 

"A  clear,  able,  and  pious  writer,  though  prejudiced  against  Cal- 
vinism."— BickersteOCs  C.  S. 

"  This  eminent  Hutchinsonian  was  the  personal  friend  of  Park- 
hurst  and  of  Bishop  Ilorne ;  and  in  talents  and  learning  was  at 
least  equal  to  either  of  them.  ...  He  was  a  good  man,  an  honest 
p.atriot.  an  unbending  Churchman,  and  a  valuable  writer;  hut  he 
sometimes  suffered  his  imaciuation  and  love  of  allegory  to  overcome 
his  better  judgment."-  WiUiamss  C.  P. 

991 


JOS' 

"  One  of  the  soundest  philosophers  and  most  devout  Christians 
that  the  history  of  our  church  can  hoast  of."— SWAINSON:  Dimmrse 
on  Natural  History. 

"  Of  this  faithful  servant  of  God  I  can  epeak  both  from  personal 
knowledge  and  from  his  writings.  Ho  was  a  man  of  quick  pene- 
tration, of  extensive  learning,  and  tho  soundest  piety ;  and  ho  had, 
beyond  any  other  man  I  ever  knew,  the  talent  of  writing  upon  tho 
deepest  suhjects  to  tho  plainest  understandings."— Blsaop  IIoks- 
L£Y :  Char'jcs. 

Jones,  Sir  William,  Sept.  28,  1746-ApriI  24,  1794, 
one  of  tho  most  illustrious  characters  on  tho  page  of  his- 
tory, was  a  native  of  London,  and  a  son  of  the  eminent 
mathematician  of  the  same  name  whose  remarkable  at- 
tainments in  his  favourite  science  wo  have  already  com- 
memorated. The  learning  of  the  family  was  not  confined 
to  either  of  these  persons,  for  the  mother  of  Sir  William 
was  also  noted  for  her  erudition,  as  well  as  for  the  virtues 
and  accomplishments  more  usual  to  her  sex.  That  the 
successful  pursuit  of  knowledge  detracted  nothing  from 
the  latter  more  valuable  recommendations,  we  have  the 
unequivocal  testimony  of  her  husband  : 

"  She  was  virtuous  without  blemish ;  generous  without  extrava- 
gance ;  frugal  but  not  niggard ;  cheerful  but  not  giddy ;  close  but 
not  sullen;  ingenious  but  not  conceited;  of  spirit  but  not  passion- 
ate ;  of  her  company  cautious ;  in  her  friendship  trusty ;  to  her 
parents  dutiful;  and  to  her  husband  ever  faithful,  loving,  and 
obedient." 

Thus  did  this  excellent  wom.in — as  evinced  in  tho  lines 
just  quoted,  and  in  her  future  happy  experience— seoui-e 
the  rcw.ard  promised  by  inspiration  and  recorded  by  the 
wisest  of  men:  "Her  children  rise  up  and  call  her  blessed; 
her  husband  also,  and  he  pralseth  her."  It  was  to  the  sole 
charge  of  such  a  mother  that  William  Jones  was  left,  by 
the  decease  of  his  father,  when  he  had  scarcely  reached  his 
third  year.  He  early  manifested  an  ardent  thirst  for  know- 
ledge, which  his  maternal  instructor  well  knew  how  to  turn 
into  profitable  channels  : 

"  Tho  mother  of  Sir  William  Jones,  having  formed  a  plan  for  the 
education  of  her  son,  withdrew  £i-ora  great  connexions,  that  she 
might  hve  only  for  that  son.  Her  great  principle  of  education  was 
to  excite  curiosity ;  the  result  could  not  fail  to  be  knowledge.  '  Jiead 
and  you  will  know,'  she  constantly  replied  to  her  filial  pupil.  And 
we  have  his  own  acknowledgment  that  to  this  maxim,  which  pro- 
duced the  habit  of  study,  he  was  indebted  for  his  future  attain- 
™™'3.  '—Disraeli  on  the  Literary  Character,  ed.  Lon.,  1S40,  441. 

When  he  had  completed  his  seventh  year,  he  was  placed 
at  Harrow  School,  under  the  tuition  of  Dr.  Thackeray;  and 
this  rigid  preceptor,  so  economical  of  his  commendations 
in  the  presence  of  his  best  pupils,  did  not  hesitate  to  de- 
clare in  private  that  William  Jones 

'•  Was  a  boy  of  so  active  a  mind,  that,  if  he  were  left  naked  and 
friendless  on  Salisbury  Plain,  he  would  nevertheless  find  the  road 
to  fame  and  riches." 

This  eulogium  was  endorsed  by  Dr.  Sumner,  Thackeray's 
successor  in   1761,  so  that  when  Jones  was  entered  of 
University  College,  Oxford,  in  the  spring  of  1764,  great 
expectations  were  reasonably  entertained  of   his  future 
distinction.     His  fond  mother  would  not  consent  to  a  se- 
paration, which  would  have  been  equally  distressing  to 
the  object  of  her  devoted  attachment,  and,  to  the  great  joy 
of  William,  now  in  his  eighteenth  year,  she  accompanied 
him  to  Oxford.     During  his  short  residence  at  this  famous 
seat  of  learning— to  which  he  brought  far  more  learning 
than  the  majority  of  graduates  carry  from  it — he  applied 
himself  so  assiduously  to  his  studies,  that  his  health  would 
probably  have  been  undermined  for  life,  had  lie  not  taken 
care  to  vary  the  seclusion  of  the  closet  with  tho  athletic 
excrcLses  in  which  he  was  a  distinguished  proficient.     In 
these  amusements,  whilst  yet  at  Harrow,- which  Jones 
also  pressed  into  the  service  of  classic  learning  by  giving 
them  a  dramatic  character— his  principal  associates  were 
William  Bennet,  afterward  Bishop  of  Cloyne,  and  Samuel 
Parr,  the  equally  famous   "Birmingham  Doctor."     The 
fame  of  young  Jones's  erudition  having  reached  the  ears 
of  Earl  Spencer,  he  sent  him  an  invitation  to  become  an 
inmate  of  his  family  in  the  capacity  of   tutor   to   Lord 
Althorpe,  then  seven  years  of  age.     This  proposal  was 
accepted,  and  in  tho  summer  of  1765  he  removed  to  Wim- 
bledon P:irk,  where  be  found  himself  most  pleasantly  situ- 
ated in  the  midst  of  kind  friends,  and  with  ample  oppor- 
tunities of  pursuing  his  favourite  researches  into  Oriental 
literature.     A  Fellowship  at  Oxford  conferred  upon  him 
in  the  course  of  the  following  summer  was  an  agreeable 
addition  to  the  substantial  comforts  which  now  rewarded 
the  studious  zeal  for  which  he  h.ad  been  distinguished  from 
his  earliest  years.     In  1767,  aud  again  in  1770,  he  visited 
the  Continent  with  the  Spencer  family,  and  whilst  there 
eagerly  availed  himself  of  the  literary  opportunities  which 
the  absence  of  engrossing  occupations  now  permitted  him 
freely  to  enjoy.     On  his  return  to  England,  he  determined 
to  embrace  the  profession  of  tho  law;  and  we  find  him  on 
the  I'Jth  of  September,  1770,  duly  recorded  as  a  student 


932 


JON 

of  the  Temple,  where  he  soon  evinced  the  same  thirst  for 
the 'acquisition  of  legal  knowledge  which  previously  sti- 
mulated his  philological  and  other  less  abstruse  investiga- 
tions. He  was  admitted  to  the  Bar  in  1774,  and  appointed 
a  Commissioner  of  Bankrupts  in  1776.  As  early  as  1763 
he  had  gained  great  reputation  by  a  translation,  made  at 
the  request  of  the  King  of  Denmark,  of  the  Life  of  Nadir 
Shah,  from  an  Eastern  MS.  into  the  French  language. 
This,  together  with  Pieces  relative  to  the  French  tr'ansTa- 
tion,  Ac,  was  pub.  in  177U,  London,  2  vols.  4to.  Disser- 
tation sur  la  Littiirature  Orientale  was  pub.  in  1771,  8vo, 
and  in  the  same  year  appeared  his  Grammar  of  the  Per- 
sian Laugu.age,  4to.  The  7th  ed.  was  pub.  1809,  4to,  and 
in  this  ed.  (and  in  that  pub.  in  1S04,  also  edited  by  Dr. 
Charles  Wilkins)  the  orthography  is  adapted  to  the  mode 
of  spelling  adopted  by  Dr.  Wilkins  in  his  improved  ed.  of 
Richardson's  Persian  Dictionary.  The  Grammar  will  be 
found  in  vol.  V.  of  the  Svo  ed.  of  Jones's  Works,  (13  vols.;) 
but  the  last  and  best  eds.  are  those  by  Professor  Samuel 
Lee,  of  Cambridge,  1823,  4to,  and  1828,  4to.  In  1772,  Svo, 
(2d  ed.  1777,  Svo, )  he  gave  to  the  world  Poems,  consisting 
chiefly  of  Translations  from  the  Asiatic  Language;  in 
1774,  Svo,  Poesoos  Asiaticse,  Ac,  or,  Commentaries  (in 
Latin)  on  the  Asiatic  Poetry;  and  in  177S,  4to,  a  trans., 
with  Notes,  of  the  Speeches  of  Isa;us  from  the  Greek. 

"  It  is  almost  impossible  to  overlook  the  excellence  of  this  fluished 
performance."— Dr.  Adam  Cl.^rke. 

The  last  work  was  followed  by  a  Latin  Ode  to  Liberty, 
to  which  succeeded — the  proximity  is  somewhat  amusing 
— a  matter-of-fact  Inquiry  into  the  Legal  mode  of  sup- 
pressing Riots.  In  the  next  ye.ar — 1781,  Svo— appeared 
bis  learned  Essay  on  the  Law  of  Bailments,  which  is  now 
more  valued  as  a  literary  than  as  a  legal  production,  and 
which — perhaps  even  an  American  and  a  layman  may  be 
permitted  to  remark — is  far  inferior  to  Judge  Story's  great 
work  on  tho  same  subject.  Jones's  Essay,  however,  is 
not  to  be  denied  considerable  merit;  and  Judge  Story 
wrote  under  a  better  comprehension  of  the  subject  as  a 
branch  of  tho  Common  Law  than  was  attainable  in  the 
d.ays  of  his  predecessor.  The  2d  ed.  of  Jones's  Essay, 
edited  by  John  Balmanno,  was  pub.  in  1798;  the  3d,  by 
J.  Nicholl,  in  1823 ;  the  4th,  by  W.  Theobald,  in  1S34. 
The  Amer.  eds.  are,  tho  reprint  of  the  2d  English  ed., 
Brattleborough,  1813,  12mo;  of  the  3d  English  ed.,  with 
addit.  Notes  and  Keferenoos,  by  W.  Halstead,  N.  York, 
1S2S,  Svo;  and  an  ed.  pub.  in  Phila.,  1836,  Svo.  See  25 
Lon.  Monthly  Rev.,  236;  Ixvi.  298  ;  2  Amer.  Jur.,  78;  vii. 
137;  ON.  Amer.  Rev.,  46,  (by  Judge  Joseph  Story ;)  xxxvi. 
408,  (by  Dr.  Chas.  FoUen  ;)  Bridg.  Leg.  Bibl.,  176:  7  Leg. 
Obs.,  117;  Marvin's  Leg.  Bibl.,  429;  Story's  MisceU. 
Writings,  68,  75,  204,  239.  We  know  of  nothing  that  wa 
can  quote  in  this  connexion  so  much  to  our  purpose,  so 
strictly  pertinent,  as  the  glowing  tribute  of  Mr.  Justice 
Story  to  the  merits  of  his  illustrious  brother  of  the  law: 

'■  The  doctrine  of  bailments  (which  lies  at  tho  foundation  of  the 
law  of  shipments)  was  almost  struck  out  at  a  smglo  heat  by  Lord 
Holt.  [Note:  The  case  of  Coggs  v.  Bernard,  i  Ld.  Kaym.  R.  909,1 
who  had  the  good  sense  to  incorporate  into  the  English  code  that 
system  which  the  text  and  the  commentaries  of  the  civil  law  had 
.aUeady  built  up  on  the  continent  of  Europe,  What  remained  to 
give  perfect  symmetry  and  connection  to  all  the  parts  of  that  sys- 
tem, and  to  refer  it  to  its  principles,  has  been  accomplished  in  our 
tunes  by  the  incomparable  Essay  of  Sir  William  Jones,  a  miiu  of 
whom  it  is  difficult  to  say  which  is  most  worthy  of  admiration,  the 
splendour  of  his  genius,  the  rareness  aud  extent  of  his  acquire- 
ments, or  the  unspotted  purity  of  his  life.  Had  ho  never  written 
any  thing  but  his  Essay  on  Bailments,  he  would  have  left  a  namo 
unrivalled  in  the  common  law  for  philosophical  accuracy,  elegant 
learning,  and  finished  analysis.  Even  cold  and  cautious  as  ia  the 
habit.  It  not  tho  structure,  of  a  professional  mind,  it  is  impossible 
to  suppress  enthusiasm  when  we  contemplate  such  a  man  ''—North 
Ammcan  Remew,  vi,  46-47,  Nov.  1817;  and  in  Story's  MisceU. 
Writinffs.  1852,  67-68. 

In  March,  1783,  Mr.  Jones  was  appointed  a  judge  of  the 
Supreme  Court  of  Judicature  at  Fort  William,  and  received 
the  honour  of  knighthood,  and  about  the  same  time— a 
happiness  which  perhaps  he  valued  more  than  either  of 
the  instances  of  good  fortune  just  named— he  was  married 
to  Anna  Maria  Shipley,  eldest  daughter  of  the  Bishop  of 
St.  Asaph.  His  friends  were  rejoiced  to  see  his  eminent 
merit  not  unsuitably  rewarded,  and  Lord  Ashburton  con- 
gratulated him  on  having  at  once  secured  "  two  of  tho 
first  objects  of  human  pursuit,— those  of  ambition  and 
love."' 


In  April,  1783,  Sir  William  Jones  and  his  lady  embarked 
for  India,  and  arrived  at  Calcutta  in  the  month  of  Sep- 
tember. That  ardour  in  tho  pursuit  of  knowledge  which 
w.as  one  of  his  most  distinguishing  characteristics  was 
not  allowed  to  slumber  in  his  adopted  home.  He  called 
around  him  those  who  were  likely  to  sympathize  with  his 
interest  iu  tho  cause  of  learning,  and  in  nine  months  after 


JON 


JON 


1784-94.  On  the  Hindus,  tho  Arabs,  the  Tartars,  the 
Persians,  the  Cliineso,  the  Burderers,  &c.  of  Asia;  tho 
ori;j:iu  ;ind  families  of  nations,  Asiatic  history,  and  tho 
pbiiosophy  of  the  Asiatics.  A  dissert,  on  the  orthogra- 
phy of  Asiatic  words  in  Roman  letters.  On  the  gods  of 
Greece,  Italy,  and  India.  IV.  On  the  Chronology  of  tho 
Hindus.  Antiquity  of  tho  Indian  Zudiack.  On  the  Lite- 
rature of  tho  llindus;  from  the  Sanscrit.  On  the  second 
chissieal  book  of  the  Chiueso.  Tho  lunar  year  of  tho 
Hindus.  The  musical  modes  of  the  Hindus.  On  the 
mystical  poetry  of  the  Persians  and  Hindus.  Gitagovinda; 
or.  The  Song  of  Jayadeva.  Remarks  on  the  Inland  of 
Ilinzuau.  Conversation  concerning  the  city  of  Gwender. 
On  the  course  of  the  Nile.  On  the  Indian  game  of  Chess. 
Indian  grant  of   land.     Inscriptions.     Cure  of    the  Ele- 

^ phantiasis,  Ac.     Tales  and  Fables  by  Nizami,  [translated.] 

The  Lost  Ring?]  an  ancient  Indian  !  V.  The  design  of  a  treatise  on   the  plants  ol  India.     On 
•      ■  •■    '      '  the  Spikenard  of  the  Ancients,  with  a  Supp.  by  W.  Rox- 

Catalogue  of 


his  arrival  had  tho  satisfaction  of  establii^hing  a  society, 
the  "Transactions"  of  which  have  added  greatly  to  our 
knowledge  of  Asiatic  literature  and  scitnce.  Before  his 
departure  he  had  exhibited  hi,s  knowledge  of  an  abstruse 
department  of  Oriental  literature  by  his  translations  into 
English  of  an  Arabian  poem  on  the  Mohammedan  Law 
of  Succession  to  the  Property  of  Intestates,  (17S2,  4to,) 
and  of  The  MLiallakat,  or  Seven  Ancient  Arabian  Poems, 
(178:;,  4to:)  and  he  now  determined  to  qualify  himself,  by 
acquiring  a  knowledge  of  the  Sanskrit,  for  the  preparation 
of  a  digest  of  Hindu  and  Mohammedan  Laws,  similar  to 
that  which  Justinian  gave  to  his  Greek  and  Roman  sub- 
jects. The  year  17S9  was  made  memorable  in  Anglo- 
India  literary  annals  by  the  publication  of  the  first  volume 
of  the  Asiatic  Researches,  and  the  completion  of  Sir 
William  Jones's  translation  of  Sacontala,  or  The  Fatal 
King,  [Sakoontal;]  , 

drama  by  Kiiliddsa.  This  was  not  pub.,  however,  until  the 
appearance  of  the  collective  ed.  of  Sir  William's  Works, 
in  1799,  6  vols.  4to.  In  1794,  Svo,  (2d  ed.,  1797,  Svo,) 
he  pub.,  as  an  institute  prefatory  to  his  larger  work,  a 
trans,  of  the  Ordinances  of  Menu,  "  who  is  esteemed  by 
the  Hindus  the  tirst  of  created  beings,  and  not  only  tho 
oldest,  but  the  holiest,  of  legislators."  Sir  William  had 
intended  in  the  following  year  (179y)  to  follow  Lady  Jones, 
who  had  been  compelled  by  ill-health  to  return  to  England 
in  179o;  but  it  was  not  so  written.  On  the  evening  of  the 
20th  of  April,  or  about  that  date,  exposure  to  the  night- 
air  during  a  protracted  ramble  brought  ou  an  inflamma- 
tion of  the  liver,  which  resulted  fatally  within  a  week. 
Thus  died,  far  away  from  home,  and  separated  from  her 
whose  presence  could  best  have  soothed  the  pangs  of  a 
dying  hour,  this  illustrious  Englishman,  ere  he  had  num- 
bered forty-eight  years,  during  one-fourth  of  which  he 
had  enjoyed  a  reputation  for  scholarship  unequalled  by 
any  one  living.  But  he  was  notalone  :  his  excellent  friend 
Lord  Teignmouth  closed  his  eyes  in  death,  and  the  God 
whom  ho  had  long  served  in  fervency  of  faith  and  humi- 
lity of  spirit  did  not  forget  him  in  tho  time  of  weakness 
and  the  hour  of  trial: 

"Ilis  bodily  fiufiVring,"  says  his  lordship,  "from  the  complacency 
of  bis  ftaturc'S  and  the  ease  of  his  attitude,  could  not  have  been 
severe;  and  his  niiud  must  have  derived  consDlation  from  those 
sources  where  he  had  been  in  the  habit  of  seeking  it,  and  where 
alone,  in  our  last  moments,  it  can  ever  be  found." 

His  remains  were  interred  in  the  burial-ground  at  Cal- 
cutta; but  a  stately  monument  to  his  memory  arrests  the 
thoughtful  attention  of  the  visitor  to  St.  Paul's  Cathedral. 
The  testimony  of  Sir  William  Jones  to  the  authenticity 
and  inspiration  of  the  Holy  Scriptures,  and  the  weight  and 
value  of  the  sanctions  and  the  consolations  by  which  they 
appeal  to  tho  mind  and  heart  of  man,  is  of  peculiar  value. 
Profoundly  versed  in  the  languages  in  which  they  were 
originally  written,  and  skilled  to  a  surprising  extent  in  the 
peculiarities  of  Oriental  literature, — starting  moreover, 
when  ayoung  man,  with  a  skeptical  bias  against  the  claims 
of  revelation, — the  conclusion  to  which  his  mind  was 
brought  by  his  researches  is  thus  told  in  his  own  words: 

*'  I  have  regularly  and  attentively  read  the  Holy  Scriptures,  and 
am  of  opinion  that  this  volume,  independent  of  its  divine  origin, 
contains  more  sublimity  and  beauty,  more  pure  morality,  more  im- 
portant history,  and  finer  strains  of  poetry  and  eloquence,  than 
can  be  collected  from  all  other  books,  in  whatever  language  or  age 
they  may  have  been  composed." 

This  will  remind  the  reader  very  forcibly  of  the  remark 
of  the  illustrious  friend  of  Sir  William  Jones's  father,  Sir 
Isaac  Newton : 

"I  find  more  sure  marks  of  the  authenticity  of  tho  Bible  than  in 
any  profane  history  whatever." 

With  us,  wo  confess,  such  evidence  is  irresistible;  and 
certain  it  is  that  if  tho  testimony  of  these  great  men,  or 
of  either  of  them,  had  leaned  to  the  other  side  of  tho 
question,  we  should  never  have  heard  the  last  of  it  from 
unbelievers. 

A  collective  ed.  of  tho  works  of  this  eminent  scholar 
was  pub.  by  his  friend  Lord  Teignmouth,  in  1799,  in  6 
vols.  4to;  to  these  were  added  two  supplementary  volumes, 
in  ISOl,  and  a  Life  by  Lord  Teignmouth  in  lS04j  in  all, 
9  vols.  4to.  The  whole  were  reprinted  in  1S07,  in  13  vols. 
Svo,  with  the  exception  of  the  supplementary  volumes,  tho 
contents  of  which  were  not  written  by  Sir  AVilliam,  but 
consist  of  a  reprint  of  such  parts  of  the  vols,  of  the  Asiatic 
Researches  pub.  under  his  presidency  as  had  not  been 
inserted  among  his  works.  The  contents  of  the  13  vols. 
of  which  Sir  William  Jones's  works  consist  aro  as  follows : 
I.,  II.  Memoirs  of  the  Author,  by  Lord  Teignmouth. 
III.  Lord  Teignmouth's  Discourse  at  a  Meeting  of  the 
Asiatic  Society,  [on  the  decease  of  Sir  William  Jones;] 
Anniversary  Hiscourses  (XI.)  before  tho  Asiatic  Society^ 
.63 


burgh,  M.D.  On  the  fruit  of  the  Mellori. 
Indian  Plants.  A  Grammar  of  the  Persian  Language.  A 
catalogue  of  the  most  valuable  books  in  tho  Persian  Lan- 
guage. Index  to  the  Persian  Grammar,  [A  Vocabulary.] 
The  Hist,  of  the  Persian  Language.  VI.  Poeseos  Asiaticae 
Commentariorum,  libri  vi.,  cum  appendicosubjicitur  Limon, 
sen  miscellaneorum  liber.  VII.  Charges  to  tho  Grand 
Jury  at  Calcutta,  1783-92.  Institutes  of  Hindu  Lawsj 
or,  Tho  Ordinances  of  Menu,  according  to  the  Gloss,  of 
Calluca.  VIH.  Institutes  of  Menu,  continued.  The 
Mohammedan  Law  of  Succession  to  Property  of  Intestates. 
The  Mohammedan  Law  of  Inheritance.  An  Essay  on  tho 
Law  of  Bailments.  An  Inquiry  into  the  Legal  Modo  of 
Suppressing  Kiots.  Speech  on  the  Reformation  of  Par- 
liament. The  Principles  of  Government.  Character  of 
Lord  Ashburton.  IX.  The  Speeches  of  Isseus,  &c.,  [trans- 
lated,] with  Notes  and  Comnioutary.  Sacontala,  or  The 
Fatal  Ring;  an  Indian  drama,  by  Calidas,  trans,  from 
the  original  Sanscrit.  X.  The  Moallakat;  or.  Seven 
Arabian  Poems,  which  were  suspended  on  the  Temple  at 
Mecca.  Poems,  consisting  chiefly  of  translations  from  tho 
Asiatic  languages;  to  which  are  added  two  essays:  1.  On 
the  Poetry  of  the  Eastern  Nations;  2.  On  the  Arts  com- 
monly called  Imitative.  Lettro  a  M.  du  P[erron].,  dans 
laquelle  est  compris  I'Examen  de  sa  Traduction  des  Livres 
attribues  a  Zoroastre.  XI.  L'histoiro  de  Nadir  Chah. 
XII.  L'histoire  Chah,  continued.  Traite  sur  la  Poesio 
Oriontale.  Introdue.  to  tho  Hist,  of  Nadir  Shah:  1. 
A  description  of  Asia;  2.  A  short  history  of  Persia. 
XIIL  Hitopadesa  of  Vishnusarman.  Tho  Enchanted 
Fruit ;  or.  The  Hindu  Wife,  an  antediluvian  Tale,  [in  verso.] 
Hymns;  to  Camdeo,  to  Pracrati,  Ac,  [in  verse.]  Tho  first 
Nemean  ode  of  Pindar.  Extracts  from  tho  last  book  of 
tho  Ramayan.  Extracts  from  the  Vedas.  Fragments. 
Catalogue  of  Oriental  MSS.  presented  to  the  Royal 
Society. 

Tho  above  list  of  writings,  especially  when  considered 
in  connexion  with  tho  multiplied  personal  engagements 
of  tho  author,  certainly  exhibits  evidence  of  no  ordinary 
literary  industry.  Tho  admiration  of  the  reader  will  be 
increased  by  an  inspection  of  a  table  of  the  languages 
with  which  this  eminent  linguist  was  more  or  less  familiar. 
1.  Greek.  2.  Latin.  3.  Italian.  4.  French.  5.  Spanish. 
0.  Portuguese.  7.  Hebrew.  8.  Arabic.  9.  Persian.  10, 
Turkish.  11.  German.  12.  English,  13.  Sanskrit.  14. 
Hindostanee.  15,  Bengalee.  16.  Thibetan.  17.  Pali. 
18.  Phaluvi.  19.  Deri.  20.  Chinese.  21.  Russian.  22. 
Runic.  23.  Syriac.  24.  Ethiopic.  25.  Coptic.  26.  Dutch. 
27.  Swedish.     28.  Welsh. 

But  Sir  William's  circle  of  attainments  was  by  no  means 
limited  to  a  knowledge  of  languages,  or  to  the  various 
subjects  upon  which  he  employed  his  fertile  pen,  as  indi- 
cated in  the  preceding  catalogue  of  his  productions :  in 
chemistry,  mathematics,  botany,  and  music,  he  was  also 
deeply  versed. 

"  lie  aoems,"  says  Lord  Teignmouth,  "  to  have  acted  on  tbia 
maxim: — that  whatever  had  been  attained  was  attainable  by  him; 
and  he  was  never  observed  to  overlook  or  to  neglect  any  opportU' 
nity  of  adding  to  his  accomplishments  or  to  his  knowledge.  When 
in  India,  hia  studies  began  with  the  dawn,  and,  in  seasons  of  inter- 
mission from  professional  duty,  continued  throughout  the  day: 
meditation  retraced  and  confirmed  what  reading  had  collected  or 
investi^.':;ition  discuvered.  By  a  regular  application  of  time  to  par- 
ticul;H-  III  -1111:1  III iri~.  bf  jmrsiirii  various  objects  without  confusion; 
and,  ill  iiirii  I  i.iLiiiL--:  wliifli  d-'pi'in  led  on  his  individual  perseverance, 
be  wa'j  in'\'  I  ilitiirrd  liy  ilitljriillie.s  from  proceeding  to  a  successful 
terniiuatiou." — Lifcof  Hir  Willuun  Jo7ies. 

The  great  success  with  which  he  pursued  his  investiga- 
tions into  the  literature  of  tho  East  has  elicited  the  admi- 
ration of  all  who  have  carried  the  spirit  of  inquiry  into 
the  same  department: 

993 


JON 

"There  are  few  authors  to  whom  Oriental  literature  is  under 
more  deep  obligations  than  to  Sir  William  Jones ;  few  who  like 
hira.  have  not  merely  pointed  out  original  and  important  sources 
of  knowledge,  but  contributed  in  no  inconsiderable  degree  to  render 
tliem  accessible  lie  was  equally  remarkable  for  his  ardour  and 
industry  m  philological  pursuits,  from  a  very  early  period  of  his 
Ufe  until  IS  premature  and  lamented  close."— Welsford  ;  Orimn 
oj  thi:  Lufflish  Language.  "^ 

'■  AVilliam  Jones  has  as  yet  had  no  rivals  in  the  department  which 
he  s,.l,/cte.l;  no  one  appears  to  have  comprehended  as  he  did  the 
anti.iuities  of  Asia,  and,  above  all,  of  India,  with  the  acutencss  of  a 
phi  osopher,  or  to  have  seen  the  mode  of  reconciling  every  thing 
with  the  doctrine  and  history  of  the  Scriptures.'-— Fbederick  Vu5 
ScHLEOEi:  Lects.  o,i  the  Hist,  of  Literature,  Ancient  and  M,xlern: 
Lect.  Ali .  ' 

And  see  Lcct.  V.,  where  sereral  of  Sir  William's  trans- 
lations arc  briefly  noticed. 

It  is  to  be  remembered  that  Schlegel  penned  the  pas- 
sages just  quoted  almost  half  a  century  since, in   1S12 

Since  that  date  Oriental  literature  has  been  cultivated  with 
great  success  by  Horace  Jl.ayman  Wilson,  Duncan  Forbes 
Monier  Williams,  J.  Cockburn  Thomson,  Eastwick,  Cowell^ 
Cassal,  Griffitb,  Barker,  Keene,  Johnson,  Prinsep,  and 
others.  Among  the  modern  specimens  of  translations  from 
the  Sanskrit,  we  m.ay  briefly  notice  that  of  the  Bhagavad- 
Giti,  by  J.  C.  Thomson,  and  the  version  of  Sakoontala 
or  The  Lost  Ring,  by  M.  Williams.  The  prose  transla- 
tions of  these  works— that  of  the  former  by  Sir  Charles 
Wilkins,  of  the  latter  by  Sir  William  Jones— had  made 
them  known  to  Oriental  scholars,  but  in  the  new  versions 
recently  published  (18o5J  they  are  likely  to  have  a  much 
wider  circulation.  Sakoontala,  or  The  Lost  Rin.-,  has 
elicited  ardent  eulogies  from  those  who  have  taken  the 
pains  to  acquaint  themselves  with  its  many  beauties  : 

r,!'?^^^  "I'T.??;™"","''  "''ir  Pl^.^'8  (nataks)  hitherto  known  to 
ns  is  the  delightful  Sakontala.  which,  notwithstanding  the  foreign 
colourmg  of  the  native  climate,  bears  in  its  general  structure  such 
B  striking  resemblance  to  our  own  romantic  drama,  that  we  miebt 
be  inclined  to  suspect  we  owe  this  resemblance  to  the  predilection 
for  Shakspeare  entertained  by  the  English  translator,  (Sir  William 
Jones,)  if  his  fidehty  were  not  attested  by  other  learned  Oriental- 

a,S£7.tS7L'V//."' '''"'  ^''"■•^"'^^  '^*-'"'  ^™"""-  -^'■« 

"Of  all  Indian  poems,  so  far  as  we  are  as  yet  acquainted  with 
them,  that  of  Sokuntola  (which  has  been  tran-IlatedwUh  the  most 
scrupulous  exactness  by  Jones)  is  the  work  which  gives  the  best 
Idea  of  Indian  poetry :  it  is  a  speaking  ex.ample  of  that  sort  of 
beauty  which  is  pecuhar  to  the  spirit  of  their  fictions."-FKEl.EKICK 
Von  ScnLEOEL:  Lects.  on  tlie  Hist,  of  Lit..  1812-  Xec<    F.         '""''' 

"Kiihdasa.  the  celebrated  author  of  Sakoontala,  is  a  masterly 
descnber  ot  he  mlluence  which  nature  exercises  upon  the  niindl 
of  overs  This  great  poet  flourished  at  the  Court  of  Vikram.aditva, 
and  was  therefore  contemporary  with  Virgil  and  Hor.ice.  Tender- 
ness in  the  e.\pression  of  feeling,  and  richness  of  creative  fancy 

7,  ^fS^f  V  ""'T, '''"  '""y  f^""'  """"S  the  poets  of  all  nations"." 

— ALEX.VNDER   \0N   HOMDOLDT. 

But  the  glowing  eulogy  of  Goethe  must  not  be  omitted : 

"  Would^t  thou  the  young  year's  blossoms  and  the  fruits  of  its 

aecline, 

And  all  by  which  the  soul  is  charm'd,  enraptured,  feasted,  fed? 

W  ould  thon  the  earth  and  heaven  itself  in  one  sole  name  combine? 

I  name  thee,  0  Sakontala !  and  all  at  once  is  said 


JON 


Mr.  Williams's  translation  is  a  free  one,  and  in  prose 
and  verse,  and  a  great  improvement  (according  to  Profes- 
!?,';,,^-  M;  Wilson)  upon  the  original  translation  by  Sir 
William  Jones.  Whilst  noticing  modern  translations  of 
this  school,  we  must  not  omit  to  make  honourable  mention 
01  the  following: 

Khirad-Afroz,  Anvar-i  Suhaili,  GuIistSn,  BSgh  o  Bah-ir 
and  Prem  Siigar,  by  Prof  E.  B.  Eastwick;  a  selection 
from  the  Odes  of  Hahz,  and  Vikramorviisi,  by  Prof  E  B 
Cowell;  the  Anekirthaof  Hemachandra,  by  Charles  Cask'; 
Baitiil  Pachtsf  by  Prof  W.  B.  Barker ;  AkhUik-i  Muhsini 
by  Prof  ]L  G.  Keene;  and  Hitopadesa,  by  Prof  Johnson. 

We  observe  that  a  prize  of  £300  has  been  recently  of- 
fered, (IVIarch,  1857,)  by  a  gentleman  lately  a  member  of 
the  Bengal  Civil  Service,  for  the  best  treatise  on  the  Ve- 
danta.  The  treatise  is  to  be  written  in  German  or  French 
The  essays  are  to  be  lodged  with  the  Royal  Asiatic  Society 
before  April  1,  18B0,  and  Professor  Lassen,  of  Bonn  Dr 
Windisehmann,  of  Munich,  and  Professor  Max  Muller  of 
Oxford,  are  to  be  the  examiners  and  adjudicators,  the 
object  IS  to  elicit  treatises  which  will  be  of  assistance  to 
Christian  missionaries  in  the  East.  Some  years  ago  the 
satno  gentleman  who  ofi-ers  this  prize  placed  two  sums  of 
±5U0  at  the  disposal  of  the  Universities  of  Oxford  and 
Oambridge,  for  essays  on  Christianity  and  Hinduism 

But  we  have  wandered  from  our  theme,  and  the  le'n.'th 
of  our  article  warns  us  to  return.  It  may  be  readily  sup- 
posed that  the  melanoholy  news  of  the  early  demise  of  the 
profound  scholar,  the  upright  judge,  the  conscientious 
Christian,  and  the  afl-ectionate  friend,  elicited  many  tears 
not  only  in  the  land  where  he  had  been  known  from  boy- 
bood,  but  also  in  his  adopted  home,  among  a  simple  and 


confiding  people,  who  had  suffered  too  much  from  the 
cruelty  .and  extortion  of  many  of  his  countrymen  not  to 
know  how  to  value  a  man  of  such  true  nobility  of  character 
as  Sir  William  Jones  : 

"The  pundits  who  were  in  the  habit  of  attending  him,"  remarks 
his  friend  and  biographer,  "  when  I  saw  them  at  a  public  durbar  a 
few  days  after  that  melancholy  event,  could  neithet  restrain  their 
ears  for  his  loss,  nor  find  terms  to  express  their  admiration  at  the 
wonderfu  progress  which  he  bad  made  in  the  sciences  which  thej 
professed."-L0RD  TElo.vMOCTn  :  Life  of  .lir  William  Jones 

_  Ihe  commendations  of  his  countrymen  have  been  la- 
vished upon  his  character  and  attainments  with  all  the  pro- 
fusion of  eloquence  animated  by  the  warmth  of  affection, 
and  yet  have  not  exceeded  the  rigid  estimate  of  impartiul 
criticism. 

'■Know  him,  sir r  exclaimed  the  friend  of  his  boyhood.  Samuol 
Farr^— who.  with  all  his  pompous  affectation,  had  a  warm  heart  under 
lis  Koman  mail,-"  Know  him,  sir  1  who  did  not  know  him  ?  Who 
ud  not  bend  m  devout  respect  at  the  variety  and  depth  of  his 
Wm"?'  n"  '"'<',S"'.V  of  l-is  principles,  and  the  benevok-nce  of  his 
heart  ?" — Barker's  Parriana,  322. 

"Need  I  dwell  .t  moment,"  says  Dr.Dibdin,  "on  the  recommen- 
dation of  the  works  of  Sir  William  Jones  ?  A  scholar,  a  critic,  phi- 
losopher,  lawyer,  and  poet,— where  shall  we  find,  in  the  works  of 
the  same  man,  greater  demonstrations  of  pure  and  correct  feeling, 
and  cultivated  and  classical  taste,  than  in  the  volumes  here  noticed 
.ind  recommended  ?  The  piety  of  Sir  William  Jones  was  not  inferior 
to  his  learning.  A  thoroughly  good  and  great-minded  man,  his  cau- 
tion, humility,  and  diffidence  were  equal  to  his  learning  and  multi- 
farious attainments;  and  there  is  a  vigour  and  r.aciness  in  his 
tiansbitions  of  Persian  poetry  which  give  them  the  enchanting  air 
of  original  productions."— ii6.  0>mp..  ed.  1S26,  425 

';  His  writings  everywhere  breathe  pure  taste  in 'morals  as  well 
as  in  literature;  and  it  may  be  said  with  truth,  that  not  a  single 
sentiment  has  escaped  bim  which  does  not  indicate  the  real  elegance 
and  dignity  which  pervaded  the  most  secret  recesses  of  his  mind 
No  autlior  is  Ijetter  calculated  to  inspire  those  generous  sentiments 
of  liber  y  without  which  the  most  just  principles  are  useless  and 
lifeless."— Sra  J.imes  Mackisiosb. 

"  The  name  of  Sir  William  Jones  is  associated  not  only  with  the 
splendour  of  a  great  reputation,  but  with  almost  all  the  amiable 
r?«  't'u'']'''K^  virtues;  and  the  tender  affections,  which  were  a 
little  chilled  by  the  aspect  of  his  vast  Uterary  attainments,  are  won 
sweetly  back,  and  rest  with  delight  upon  the  view  which  is  here 
exhibited  [in  Lord  Teignmouth's  Life  of  Sir  William  Jones!  of  the 
purity,  the  mtegnty,  and  the  mildness  of  his  private  manners  . 
fhe  most  remarkable  features  of  his  character,  indeed,  seem  to 
have  resulted  from  theumon  of  this  gentleness  and  modesty  of  dis- 
position with  a  very  lofty  conception  of  his  own  capability  and 
destination.  '-Lord  Jeffrey  :  Review  of  Lord  TeigmnouthS  Life  of 
Air  n  m.  Jonejl,  Edin.  /?<•,..,  v,  329-330,  Jan.  1805  ''     ■' 

nf  "l-'l°„S%'"""''t°',f  !'■""■'  "I^  ^'^  ^"'''•""  •'™'^«  acquired  a  degree 
of  knowledge  which  the  ordinary  faculties  of  men,  if  they  were 
blessed  with  antediluvian  longevity,  could  scarcelv  hope  to  surp.4s 
His  learning  threw  light  on  the  laws  of  Greece  and  India,  on  the  ge^ 
neral  literature  of  Asia,  and  on  the  history  of  the  family  of  natfoS^ 
"!,f  T^'''"''''"''^'''  ?"?'"'°™-  ''Dd  philanthropy  into  the  cS 
racter  of  a  lawyer  and  a  j  udge.  Amidst  the  driest  toils  of  eruditto^ 
he  retained  a  sensibihty  to  the  beauties  of  poetry,  and  a  talent  fS 

St",'";?  ^^  '"'°,'"'  °"'''  "'"g"='g«.  ^hich  has  seldom  been 
united  with  the  same  degree  of  industry.  When  he  went  ahro^ 
t  was  not  to  ennch  himself  with  the  spoils  of  avarice  or  an  biti™' 
but  to  search,  amidst  the  ruins  of  Oriental  Uteratm-e,  for  treasures 
which  he  would  not  have  exch.anged  measures 

'  For  all  Bocara's  vaunted  gold. 
Or  all  the  gems  of  Samarcand.' " 
■D   i  T      J  T  a-        ,  ,  Thom.is  Casipbeu. 

But  Lord  Jeffrey  takes  a  view  of  this  subject  less  dis- 
couraging to  the  young  student,  and  tells  us  that, 

'•  Great  as  Sir  William  Jones's  attainments  unquestion- 
ably were,  they  may  be  contemplated  without  despair  hv 
any  one  who  is  not  frightened  by  his  industry."  Nor  is 
his  lordship  disposed  to  concede  to  Sir  William  Jones's  mind 
the  attributes  of  original  genius,  philosophical  acumen,  or 
great  strength  of  understanding.  A  similar  opinion  to  this 
was  expressed  in  very  decided  terms  by  one  who,  as  we  have 

justseen.entertainedthehighestadmirationforSirWillam'a 
character,— Sir  James  Mackintosh.    But  the  time  for  quota- 
tion is  passed,  and  the  curious  reader  can  pursue  this  matter 
further  by  referring  to  the  Edinburgh  Review  for  January, 
7i'~^i'u-    ^'^^"'y'^  R«^'«w  of  Lord  Teignmouth's  Life 
of  Sir  William  Jones;  and  to  the  North  American  Review 
for  October,  1832  -Alexander  H.  Everett's  Conversations 
with  Sir  James  Mackintosh;  Sir  James  Mackintosh's  Life 
Jones,  William.     Insanity ;  Med.  Com     1786 
Jones,  Milliain,     Three  Serms.,  1778-96 
Jones,  Hilliam.     Works  on  astronomy,  mathema- 
tics, geography,  and  natural  philos.,  Lon.,  1782-1800  Ac 
Jones,  H'illiam.     Art  of  Music,  Colches.,  1784*  fol" 
Jones,  William.     Two  .Serms.,  Lon.,  1790-01  ' 

Jones,  William.  Spectacles;  Nic.  Jour.,  1804 
Jones,  "illiam,  1762-1846,  a  native  of  Potilton, 
England,  a  bookseller  and  pastor  of  a  Scotch  Baptist 
Church  in  Fins^bury.  1.  Life  of  Abr.  Booth,  Lon.,  1808, 
8vo.  2  nist.oftheWaldenses,18U,8vo.  Subsequent^ 
pub  under  the  title  of  The  Hist,  of  the  Christian  Church 
to  the  18ih  Cent.,  including  the  Hist,  of  the  Waldenses 
I  and  Albigenses;  4th  ed.,  ISIS,  2  vols.  8vo. 


JON 

nnmcd  gentlenian,  thnt,  "if  Ben  Jonson's  mother  married 
a  seoonil  time.  %vc  liave  yet  to  usccrtuin  who  w:is  her  second 
husband."     That  the  future  poet,  however,  did  in  his  early 
youth  give  some  reluctant  attention  to  the  useful  art  and 
mystery  of  hrickmaking,  we  have  his  own  avowal,  con- 
veyed in  most  disgu.-tful   terras.     Previously  to  this  un- 
promising entrance  upon  the  responsibilities  of  active  life, 
Jonson  had  pursued  his  studies  at  the  school  attached  to 
St.  Martin's-in-t.bc-Fields,  at  Westminster  School,  (under 
the  illustrious  Camden.)  and  fur  a  week  or  month,  when  in 
his  si.\teenth  year,  at  St,  John's  College,  Cambridge.    After 
throwing  aside  his  trowel,  the  mechanic  turned  soldier,  and 
gained  great  distinction  by  his  bravery  while  serving  in  a 
campaign  in  the  Low  Countries.     There  is  a  tradition  that 
on  his  return  to  England  at  the  age  of  nineteen  he  re- 
turned to  pursue  his  studies  at  Cambridge  ;  but  this  conjec- 
ture appears  to  have  no  better  foundation  than  the  difficulty 
of  otherwise  accounting  for  that  proficiency  which  he  un- 
doubtedly acquired  in  some  of  the  Latin  authors.     It  ap- 
pears much  more  likely  that  he  immediately  became  coq- 
nected  with  the  stage, — where  he  had  but  little  success  a» 
an  actor,— and  not  long  after  applied  his  literary  talent  to 
good  purpose  by  assisting  the  dramatists  of  the  day  in  the 
composition  of  their  pieces.     An  unfortunate  quarrel  with 
a  brother-actor,  named  Gabriel  Spencer,  led  to  a  duel  which 
resulted  in  the  death  of  the  latter  and  the  imprisonmant, 
for  about  a  twelvemonth,  of  the  unhappy  victor.     Whilst 
in  prison,  he  was  visited  by  a  Roman  Catholic  priest,  who 
presented  his  doctrines  in  so  favourable  a  light  to  the  re- 
pentant duellist  that  he  became  a  convert,  and  for  twelve 
years    retained    the    ecclesiastical    connexion    thus  com- 
menced.    The  young  actor  was  no  sooner  discharged  from 
custody  than  he  sought  to  resign  his  freedom,  and,  perhaps 
without  a  due  appreciation   of  the  serious  step   he  w.as 
taking,  was  not  satisfied  until  able  to  write  himself  a  mar- 
ried man.     The  h.ardships  of  poverty  pressed  sorely  upon 
the  young  couple,  whose  sole  fortune  consisted  in  their 
abundant"  tuck  of  mutual  affcjiion,  (we  spe.ak  of  the  honey- 
moon,) and  the  iictor  determined  to  become  an  author  in 
the  enlarged  sense  of  that  term,  by  trying  his  luck  with  a 
drama,  calculated,  he  fondly  hoped,  to  produce  a  harvest 
of  profit  and  reputation.     The  precise  time  at  which  he 
composed  the  Comoedie  of  Euery  Man  in  his  Hvravr  can- 
not now  be  ascertained,  but  it  was  originally  acted  by  the 
Lord-Chamberlain's  servants,  in  the  form  in  which  we  have 
it,  in  the  year  1598,  although  it  is  asserted  that  it  w.as  acted 
eleven  times  between  Nov.  25,  1596,  and  ISIov.  10,  1597. 
He  seems  to  have  previously  written  for  the  stage  con- 
jointly with  others,  as  we  have  intimated  above,  and  with- 
out assistance;  but  we  are  oljliged  to  commence  the  list  of 
his    ascertained    productions  with    the  play  just  named. 
This  at  once  gained  him  fame  and  enemies;  and  now  seem 
to  have  commenced  those  literary  quarrels  the  details  of 
which  form  so  large  a  portion  of  Jonson's  personal  history. 
Rejecting  the  stories  of  his  misunderstandings  with  Shak- 
speare,  who,  it  is  asserted, — but  the  assertion  is  not  believed 
by  Gilford,— was  the  means  of  introducing  his  first  comedy 
on  the  st.age,  we  still  leave  our  poet's  hands  full  of  his 
assailant.s, — Decker.  JIarston,  Gill,  and  other  active  com- 
batants.      This  successful  piece  was    followed  by  Euery 
Man  ovt  of  his  Hvmvr,  A  Comicall  Satyre,  first  acted  in 
1599;  Cynthias  Revels,  or  The  Fount.ayne  of  Selfe-Loue, 
first  acted  in  1599;  The  Poetaster,  or  His  Arraigncment, 
a  Comicall  Satyre,  first  acted  in  1(501 ;  Sei.anvs   his  Fall,  a 
Tragcedie,  first  acted  in  1603;  Volpone,  or  The  Fo-xe,  a 
Coinedie,  first  acted  in  1605 ;    Epicoene,  or   The    Silent 
Woman,  Comojdie,  first  acted  in  1609;  The  Alchemist,  a 
Comoedie,  first  acted  in  1610;  Catiline   his  Conspiracy,  a 
Tragcedie,  first  acted  in  1611.     So  far  we  h.ave  quoted  the 
titles  of  our  author's  principal  productions  (not  pausing 
to  notice  his  minor  pieces)  from  his  own  collective  edit, 
of  his  Workes,  pub.  in  1616,  now  lying   before  us.     To 
these  succeed,  in  this  ancient  folio,  Epigrammes.  I.  Booke ; 
The  Forrest,  (Songs,  Odes,  Ac.;)  Part  of  the  King's  En- 
tertainment in  passing  to  his  Coronation;  A  Panegyre  on 
The  Happie   Entrance  of  James  ovr  Soveraignc  to  V"! 
first  high  Session  of  Parliament  in  this  his  Kingduu.,;  Lua 
suffering  imprisonment  and  confiscation  of  estates  for  his  I  jg  of  March,  1603  ;  M.asqves  at  Coort.  ^ 
Protestant  principles,  became  a  preacher  of  those  doctrines  1      it  will  be  seen  that  in  this  folio,  pub.  in  1616,  the  author 
for  which  he  had  been  in  bonds.     It  has  been  generally  '  ,li,i  not  include  the  Comedies  of  Bartholomew  Fair,  pro- 
asserted  by  the  poet's  biographers,  from  the  time  of  Wood  :  duced  in  1614,  and  the  Devil's  an  Ass,  produced  in  1616. 
to  Gifi'ord,  that  his  mother,  after  the  decease  of  Jonson's  I  It  is  probable,  also,  that  a  number  of  minor  pieces  written 
father,  married  again,  and  that  the  object  of  her  choice     before  this   time  (many  are  without   any  date)  were  re- 
was  a  bricklayer,  named  Thomas  Fowler.     But  the  later  |  served  by  the  author  for  a  future  volume  of  his  collected 
researches  of    Mr.  Peter  Cunningluim.   endorsed  by  the     Workes: 

learned  imprimatur  of  Mr.  J.  Payne  Collier,  have  brought        .*  ne  seems,"  saysGifford,  "  to  have  meditated  a  complete  edition 
US  to  the  conclusion,  to  borrow  the  language  of  the  last-  Uf  all  hiB  works;  but  he  apparently  grew  weary  tow.-irds  the  cou- 


JON 

"  Contains  a  p-cat  v.irinty  of  curious  and  highly-interesting  p&T- 
ticulars."— Z."i.jl/rvn(/l.  A'cc.  »     ,       tt   i 

3.  The  Biblical  Cyclopedia  ;  or.  Dictionary  of  the  Holy 
Scriptures,  1816,  2  vols.  8vo.     Last  ed.,  1840,  8vo. 

"  The  plan  of  tliis  Biblical  Cyclopedia  is  leas  extensive  than  that 
of  Dr.  J.  Robinscm's  Dictionary."— ffjriie's  Bibl.  Bib. 

'■  A  very  u-icful  book  of  reference  on  almost  all  sutijects  relating 

to  tlie  sar'r,,l  vntiime.    It  is  the  production  of  an  aljle  and  diligent 

m.in."— ir///iiiw.i's  Ci'.  ,.,»,- 

'■  The  aiitlior  is  a  decided  Calvinist.    The  geographical  portion  o. 

his  work  is  paiticnlarly  well  executed."— ii.io/iA-s's  BiU.  Man.  ^ 

See  a  review  in  the  British  Critic,  N.  S.,  445.  4.  Dic- 
tionary of  Religious  Opinions,  1817,  12mo.     Reprinted. 

"The  description  of  each  sect  is  given  with  very  tolerable  accu- 
racy and  candour :  and  we  can  fairly  say  that  it  is,  upon  the  whole, 
the  best  book  of  the  Idnd  that  we  have  sem."— British  Critic. 

5.  Scrms.  by,  and  the  Life  of,  Archibald  McLean,  1817, 
Svo.     6.  Christian  Biography,  1829,  12ino.     7.  Lects.  on 
the  Apocalypse,  1829,  8vo.     The  author  argues  against  the 
doctrine  of  the  personal  reign  of  Christ  on  earth.     Com- 
mended by  the  Imperial  Mag.,  June,  1830  ;  Evangel.  Mag., 
Jan.  1830  ;  Baptist  Mag.,  Dec.  1829  ;  Baptist  Miscellany, 
Feb.  1830.     8.  Autobiography,  edited  by  hisson,  1846,  Svo, 
g  V.     See  also  Jamieson's  Cyc.  of  Mod.  Relig.  Biog. 
Jones,  William.     Reports  of  Trials,  1808,  '09. 
Jones,  William.     Corn  Rick;  Nic.  Jour.,  1812. 
Jones,  Rev.  William.     1.  Testamentary  Counsels. 
2.  Life  of  Rowland  Hill:  see  Hill.  Rowland. 

Jones,  William.  Observations  on  the  Insolvent 
Debtor's  Act.  Lon.,  1S29.  Svo. 

Jones,  William  Alfred,  b.  June  26,  1817,  in  the 
city  of  New  York,  is  the  son  of  the  late  Hon.  David  S. 
Jones,  and  a  member  of  a  family  which  has  long  been 
eminent  in  the  annals  of  jurisprudence.  The  subject  of 
our  notice  graduated  at  Columbia  College,  New  York,  and 
has  been  for  some  years  officiating  in  the  capacity  of  libra- 
rian to  that  institution.  1.  The  Analyst:  a  Collection  of 
Miscellaneous  Papers.  New  Y'ork,  1840,  ISmo. 

"This  is  a  volume  well  worthy  to  bo  read.  It  gives  proof  of  re- 
flection, observation,  and  literary  culture ;  .and  its  style  is  always 
clear,  sometimes  forcible  and  terse,  though  not  often  elegant.  It 
abounds  with  shrewd  remarks,  h.ippy  criticisms,  and  well-drawn 
traits  of  character.  But  it  is  not  executed  with  equal  felicity 
throughout.  The  author  imitates  largely  in  some  parts  of  his  book ; 
he  writes  not  from  his  own  mind  and  after  his  own  fashion,  but 
draws  from  others  both  matter  and  form." — If.  Amcr.  Eniiw,  1. 
631-533,  April,  1S40,  (by  Prof,  C.  C.  I'elton.) 

The  remainder  of  this  notice  consists,  like  the  above, 
of  mi.xed  praise  and  censure.  2.  Literary  Studies  :  a  Col- 
lection of  Miscellaneous  Essays,  1847,  2  vols.  18mo.  3. 
Memorial  of  the  late  Hon.  David  S.  Jones;  containing 
notices  of  the  Jones  family  of  Queeps  County,  1849,  sm. 
4to.  4.  Essays  upon  Authors  and  Books.  1849.  12mo.  See 
N.  York  Literary  World.  Dec.  1849;  South.  Quar.  Rev., 
April,  ISoO.  5.  Characters  and  Criticisms,  1857.  2  vols. 
12mo.  These  vols,  contain  a  revised  selection  from  his 
contributions  to  periodicals. 

"The  sound  judgment,  nice  discrimination,  cultivated  thought, 
kind  spirit,  and  perfect  candor  evinced  tlirougbout  these  volumes, 
render  them  worthy  of  being  treasured  as  prevailing  models  of 
true  criticism,  as  well  as  standards  of  opinion  on  the  subjects  to 
which  they  relate."— Washinoton  Ihvino. 

Mr.  Jones  has  been  long  known  as  a  critic,  and  his  un- 
collected essays,  contributed  to  the  New  York  Church  Re- 
cord, Arcturiis,  Whig  Review,  Democratic  Review,  Ac, 
■would  fill  two  vols,  of'  the  size  of  those  which  he  has  given 
to  the  world.  A  highly-favourable  opinion  of  Mr.  Jones's 
critical  abilities  will  be  found  in  Edgar  A.  Poe's  Literati, 
in  the  paper  entitled  E.  P.  W'hipple  and  other  Critics. 

Jones,  William  Basil.  1.  Vestiges  of  the  Gael  in 
Gwynedd,  Lon.,  Svo.  2.  With  Edward  A.  Freeman,  Hist, 
and  Antiq.  of  St.  David's,  Pts.  1-4,  1852-57,  Ito;  some 
copies  on  large  paper. 

"  This  book  of  Messrs.  Jones  and  Freeman  will  be  an  indispen- 
sable companion  to  all  future  Welsh  ecclesiastical  histori.ans." — Ijon. 
Athentnm,  March  28.  1S57.  404. 
See  Fbeemax,  Edward  A. 

Jones,  William  T.     Catholic  Rights,  1792,  Svo. 
Jonson,  Ben,  or,  more  correctly,  Benjamin  John- 
son, 1573-1637,  one  of  the  most  eminent  of  English  dra- 
matists, w.as  a  native  of  Westminster,  and  came  into  the 
world  a  month  after  the  decease  of  his  father, — who,  after 


JON 


JON 


elusion  of  the  volume,  and  never  (unle(=8  peculiarly  called  upon') 
had  ri'course  to  the  press  afterwards.  The  ercond  folio  is  a  wretched 
continuation  of  the  first,  printed  from  the  MSS.  surreptitiously  ob- 
taini-'d  during  his  life,  or  ignorantly  hurried  through  the  press 
after  his  death.  It  bears  a  variity  of  dates,  from  1631  to  1641  in- 
clusive. It  is  probabb'  that  hi-  l"uU'-d  furward  to  aperiod  of  retire- 
ment and  ease;  but  tli-.-  loss  ..f  hi^  M^S.by  fire, and  the  fatal  illness 
which  almost  immedi;ittly  alti-i  wards  seized  him,  rendered  all  such 
views  abortive.  It  is  n-markable  that  he  calls  his  Epigrams  'Book 
the  First:'  he  had,  then-fore,  others  in  his  hand;  but  they  have 
perished." — Memoir  of  Brn  Jtinmn. 

It  was  three  years  after  Jonson's  death  before  any  of  his 
later  productions  were  published.  Two  small  edits,  of  his 
minor  pieces  were  issued  in  1040.  and  in  the  next  year 
appeared  a  reprint  of  his  own  folio  of  1616,  and  a  second 
vol.  of  the  same  size,  containing  his  dramatie  pieces  from 
1612,  several  masques,  and  all  that  could  be  discovered  of 
his  occasional  poetry.  Another  collective  ed.  of  his  "Works 
was  pub.  in  16y2,  fol, ;  another  (a  reprint  of  the  last)  in  1715, 
6  vols.  8vo;  and  a  more  complete  one,  edited  by  the  Kev. 
Peter  Whalley,  in  1756,  7  vols.  Svo.  A  second  issue  of 
Whalley's  edit,  was  commenced  in  1792,  but  the  publica- 
tion extended  no  further  than  two  numbers.  In  ISll,  4 
vols.  r.  Svo,  appeared — what  has  been  denominated '*  an 
execrable  edition" — The  I)ramatie  Works  of  Ben  Jonson 
and  Beaumont  and  Fletcher.  Whalley'g  edit,  was  most 
carelessly  compiled,  the  text  that  of  the  impression  of  1715, 
rarely  collated  with  early  edits.,  and  often  erroneous,  and 
the  notes  of  little  if  of  any  value.  In  1816  Mr.  William 
Giffurd  pub.  the  first  good  edit,  of  Jonson's  Works.  This 
■was  accompanied  with  Notes,  Critical  and  Explanatory, 
and  a  Biographical  Memoir.  It  was  pub.  in  9  vols.  Svo, 
£6  6*.;  r.  Svo,  £9.  We  shall  have  something  more  to  say 
of  this  edit,  presently.  In  lS;iS,  Mr.  Moxon,  of  London, 
pub.  an  edit,  of  Jonson's  Works  in  r.  Svo,  edited  by  Barry 
Cornwall,  another  edit,  in  18-41,  r.  Svo,  and  again  in  1853, 
r.  Svo.  Mr.  Moxon  put  forth  a  collective  edit.,  prefaced 
in  both  cases  with  Giflford's  Memoir  of  the  Author.  To 
this  Memoir,  and  especially  to  the  biography  of  Jonson 
in  Austin  and  Ralph's  Lives  of  the  Poets  Laureate,  Lon., 
1853,  Svo,  we  refer  the  reader  for  further  information  re- 
specting "  Rare  Ben  Jonson."  The  other  accounts  of  the 
poet,  referred  to  below,  may  be  examined  for  the  gratifica- 
tion of  curiosity,  and  for  the  amusing  gossip  of  the  times 
to  which  they  relate  ;  but,  according  to  Mr.  (iitford,  few 
men  have  suffered  more  from  literary  injustice  than  the 
author  of  Catiline  and  Sejanus.  Mr.  Gilford  himself,  how- 
ever, is  perhaps  too  warm  a  partisan  to  be  considered  an 
infallible  authority.  In  Moxon's  reprints  of  Jonson's 
Works,  above  referred  to,  (1841,  r.  Svo;  1853,  r.  Svo,)  the 
arrangement  is  as  follows:  after  the  eleven  dramatic  pieces 
already  noticed  by  us,  come  The  Staple  of  News,  a  Play ; 
The  New  Inn,  or  The  Light  Heart,  a  comedy;  The  Mag- 
netic Lady,  or  Humours  Reconciled,  a  play;  A  Tale  of  a 
Tub,  a  play ;  (this  is  the  last  work  of  the  author  that  was 
submitted  to  the  stage;)  The  Sad  Shepherd,  or  A  Tale  of 
Robin  Hood,  a  play;  The  Case  is  Altered,  a  play  ;  Enter- 
tainments ;  Masques;  Epigrams;  The  Forest;  Under- 
woods; Leges  Convivales  ;  Translations  from  the  Latin 
Poets  ;  Timber,  or  Discoveries  made  upon  Men  and  Mat- 
ter; The  English  Grammar;  Jonsonus  Viribus,  or  The 
Memory  of  Ben  Jonson;  Glossary;  Index.  Between  Gif- 
ford's  Memoir  of  the  Author  and  the  first  of  his  pieces  are 
inserted  Ancient  Commendatory  Verses  on  Ben  Jonson. 
We  have  already  referred  (see  Chapman,  George)  to 
Jonson's  share  in  the  composition  of  Eastward-Ho,  and  he 
was  a  partner  in  other  literary  enterprises, — according  to 
the  custom  of  the  poets  of  the  age. 

It  was  in  1616  that  Jonson  received  an  acceptable  mark 
of  the  royal  favour,  in  the  shape  of  an  anuuiil  pension 
from  King  James  of  one  hundred  marks  a  year  for  life, 
(from  henceforth  we  designate  him  by  the  title  of  Poet- 
Laureate,)  which  was  increased  by  King  Charles,  in  1630, 
to  one  hundred  pounds  sterling,  and  "a  terse  of  Canary 
Wine."  This  augmentation  of  his  income  (for  which,  in- 
deed, he  had  petitioned  the  king  in  a  rhyming  epistle)  did 
not  come  any  too  soon,  for  the  extravagance  of  the  poet 
between  1616  and  1625,  his  multiplied  libations  at  the 
Mermaid,  and  profuse  hospitality  at  his  own  table,  had 
reduced  him  to  great  straits.  It  is  melancholy  to  be  obliged 
to  add  that  he  died  in  poverty:  it  is  more  pleasing  to  our 
feelings  to  be  able  to  record  the  fact  that  he  departed  in  : 
penitence  and  faith, — regretting  the  occasional  irreverence 
of  his  pen,  and,  we  trust,  deploring  the  frequent  abuse  of 
powers  which  were  given  for  nobler  ends.  He  was  called 
to  the  "  dread  account"  before  the  "  Judge  of  all  the  earth" 
on  the  6th  day  of  August,  1637.  Did  our  space  permit, 
we  might,  ere  we  proceeded  to  a  brief  consideration  of 
Jonson's  characteristics  as  a  writer,  linger  a  short  time 
y96 


o-v^r  some  of  the  prominent  incidents  of  the  poet's  life, 
especially  upon  his  memorable  visit  to  Drummond  of  Ilaw- 
thornden  in  1619,  his  wit  (or  wet)  combats  with  Shakspeare, 
and  hisless  amiable  contests  with  the  second-rate  wits  of  thia 
belligerent  age.  But  we  have  already  referred  the  reader 
to  abundant  sources  of  information,  and  with  them  we  shall 
leave  him,  after  he  has  borne  us  company  for  a  few  mo- 
ments longer,  whilst  we  quote  some  opinions  from  a  few 
eminent  authorities  respecting  the  characteristics  of  this 
once-favourite  author. 

'■  Ben  Junson,  a  younger  contemporary  and  rival  of  Shakspeare, 
who  laboured  in  the  sweat  of  his  brow,  but  with  no  great  .success, 
to  expel  the  romantic  drama  from  the  English  stage  and  to  form 
it  on  the  model  of  the  ancients,  gave  it  as  his  opinion  that  Shak- 
speare  did  not  blot  enough,  and  that,  as  he  did  not  possess  much 
school-learning,  he  owed  more  to  nature  than  to  art.  .  .  .  Jonson 
was  a  critical  poet  in  the  good  and  bad  sense  of  the  word.  lie  en- 
deavoujx'd  to  form  an  exact  estimate  of  what  he  had  on  every  oc- 
casion to  perform ;  hence  he  succeeded  best  in  that  species  of  the 
drama  which  makes  the  principal  demand  on  the  understanding 
and  with  little  call  on  the  imagination  and  feeling. — the  comedy 
of  character.  He  introduced  nothing  into  his  works  which  critical 
dissection  should  not  be  able  to  extract  again,  as  his  confidence  in 
it  was  such,  that  he  conceived  it  exhausted  every  thing  which 
pleases  and  charms  us  in  poetry.  He  was  not  aware  that  in  the 
chemical  retort  of  the  critic  what  is  most  valuable,  the  volatile 
living  spirit  of  a  poem,  evaporates.  His  pieces  are  in  general  defi- 
cient in  soul,  in  that  nameless  something  which  never  ceases  to 
attract  and  enchant  us  even  because  it  is  indefinable.  In  the  lyrical 
pieces,  his  Masques,  we  feel  the  want  of  a  ceitaiu  mental  music  of 
imagery  and  intonation,  which  the  most  accurate  observation  of 
diflicult  measures  cannot  give.  He  is  everywhere  deficient  in  those 
excellencies  which,  unsought,  flow  from  the  poet's  pen,  and  which 
no  artist  who  purposely  hunts  for  them  can  ever  hope  to  find. 
"We  must  not  quarrel  with  him,  however,  for  entertaining  a  high 
opinion  of  his  own  works,  since  whatever  merits  they  have  he 
owed,  like  acquired  moral  properties,  altogether  to  himself.  The 
production  of  them  was  attended  with  labour,  and  unfortunately 
it  is  also  a  labour  to  read  them.  They  resemble  solid  and  regular 
edifices,  lit'fnri-whi'.h.  intwi/vrr,  tin-  clumsy  seaffnldiiii::  still  remains, 
toiriti.Trupl  untl  pi<.-\fiit  us  finui  vi.-uiuK  tli..-  arL-hitrrhiri.-  witli  ease 
and  n-CL'ivin;^  fiuiii  it  a  harni>>niiius  ill]p^l■^^iiln.  "We  havo  i.if  .Jonson 
two  tra^'ical  attempts,  and  a  number  of  comedies  and  masques. 

"  He  could  have  risen  to  the  dignity  of  the  tragic  tone,  but  for 
the  pathetic  he  had  not  the  smallt-st  turn.  As  he  incessantly 
preaches  up  the  imitation  of  the  ancients,  (and  he  had,  we  cannot 
deny,  a  learned  acquaintance  with  their  works.)  it  is  astonishing  to 
observe  how  much  his  two  tragedies  differ,  both  in  substance  and 
form,  from  the  Greek  tragedy.  .  .  .  After  these  attempts,  Jonson 
took  leave  of  the  Tragic  Muse,  and  in  reality  his  talents  were  far 
better  suited  to  Comedy,  and  that,  too,  merely  the  Comedy  of  Cha- 
racter. His  characterization,  however,  is  more  marked  with  serious 
satire  than  playful  ridicule:  the  latter  Roman  satirists,  rather  than 
the  comic  authors,  were  his  models.  Insofar  as  plot  is  concerned, 
the  greatest  praise  is  merited  by  Valpa7ie,T/ie  Alc?ieinist.  and  EpiccEne, 
or  the  Silent  Wumaii.  ...  Of  all  Jonson's  pieces  there  is  hardly  one 
which,  as  it  stands,  would  please  on  the  stage  in  the  present  day, 
even  as  most  of  thein  failed  to  pk-ase  in  his  own  time:  extracts 
from  them,  however,  could  hardly  fail  to  be  successful.  In  general, 
much  might  be  borrowed  from  him.  and  much  might  be  learned 
both  from  liis  merits  and  defects.  His  characters  are,  for  the  most 
part,  solidly  and  judiciously  drawn;  what  he  most  fails  in,  is  the 
art  of  setting  them  off  by  the  contrast  of  situations.  The  pecu- 
liarity of  Jonson's  Masques  most  deserving  of  remark  seems  to  me 
to  be  the  anti-masques,  as  they  are  called,  which  the  poet  himself 
Sometimes  attaches  to  his  own  invention,  and  generally  allows  to 
precede  the  serious  act.  As  the  ideal  flatteries,  for  whose  sake  the 
gods  have  been  brought  down  from  Olympus,  are  but  too  apt  to 
fall  into  mawkishness.  this  antidote  on  such  occasions  is  certainly 
deserving  of  commendation." — Augustus  William  Von  Schlegel: 
Lects.  on  Dramat.  Art  and  Lit. ;  Black^s  Trans.,  Lon.,  1846, 347,  461- 
4G2.  463,  465,  466. 

Dr.  Johnson  is  thought  to  have  very  happily  hit  off  the 
character  of  his  dramatic  namesake  in  the  following  gra- 
phic lines  in  his  celebrated  prologue  : 

"  Then  Jonson  came,  instructed  from  the  school, 

To  please  by  method,  and  invent  by  rule. 

His  studious  patience  and  laborious  art 

With  rc;iular  approach  assay'd  the  heart: 

O'ld  apiirubutiiin  gave  the  ling'ring  bays, 

i'or  they  who  durst  not  censure  scarce  could  praise. 

A  miTtal  born,  he  met  the  general  doom. 

But  left,  like  Egypt's  kings,  a  lasting  tomb." 
Mr.  Campbell  will  be  found  to  dissent  widely  from  tno 
authorities  just  quoted,  and   from  several  others  whose 
opinions  we  shall  have  occasion  to  cite : 

"The  art  of  Jonson  was  not  confined  to  the  cold  observations  of 
the  unities  of  place  and  time,  but  appears  in  the  whole  adaptation 
of  his  incidents  and  characters  to  the  support  of  each  other.  Be. 
neath  his  learning  and  art  he  moves  with  an  activity  which  may 
be  C'lnpared  to  tlie  strength  of  a  man  who  can  leap  and  bound 
under  the  heaWest  .armour.'' — Specimens  of  English  Poetry. 

"Tliere  are  people  who  canuot  take  olives:  and  I  cannot  much 
relish  Bun  Junson.  though  I  have  taken  some  pains  to  do  it,  and 
wt-nt  to  the  task  with  every  sort  of  good  will.  I  do  not  deny  his 
power  or  his  merit ;  far  from  it :  but  it  is  to  me  a  repulsive  and 
unamiable  kind.  He  was  a  great  man  in  himself,  but  one  cannot 
readily  sympathize  with  him.  His  works,  as  the  characteristic  pro- 
ductinns  of  an  individual  mind,  or  as  records  of  the  manners  of  a 
partKuIar  age,  cannot  be  valued  too  highly;  but  they  have  little 
cliann  fitr  the  more  general  reader." — HazlitVs  Lccts.OJi  the  English 
Comic  Writers  ;  LcQt,  II, 


JON 

"  Ben  JonBon's  serious  productions  are,  in  my  opinion,  superior 
to  his  comic  ones.  Wliat  he  does,  is  tlie  result  of  strong  sense  and 
painful  industry;  but  sense  and  industry  .agree  better  with  the 
grave  and  severe  than  with  tlie  liglit  and  gay  productions  of  the 
jaaie."—l{azUU's  Lecls.  on  tlu:  Draitmt.  Lit.  of  tlie  Age  of  Elkabeth  ; 
Led.  IT. 

*'  If  aslted  to  give  our  opinion  of  Ben  Jonson  s  powers  in  general, 
we  should  s.ay  that  he  was  a  poet  of  a  high  order,  as  far  as  learning, 
fancy,  and  an  absolute  rage  of  ambition  could  conspire  to  make  him 
oue;  but  tliat  he  never  touched  at  the  highest.  e.\cept  by  violent 
efforts  and  during  the  greatest  felicity  of  his  sense  of  success.  The 
material  >n  iindmninati -1  in  him  over  the  sjiiritual. — the  sensual 
over  the  Miitiiiiinl.d. — that  he  w;isniore  social  than  loving,  and  fir 
morewihnl  aini  luucitiil  tli;iu  imaginative.'" — Leigh  Hunt's  Men  and 
Women  and  Books:  -SV"  '  ?""/  '""/  Ben  Jonson. 

"I  do  not  think  tlint  hi-  |,u, n,  al  merits  are  yet  properly  appre- 
ciated. I  cannot  oou:-(i[t  ihiil  tli'  palm  of  humour  alone  shall  bo 
given  to  him,  while  iu  wit.  feeling,  patlios.  and  poetical  diction 
he  is  to  be  sunk  fathoms  below  Fletcher  and  Jlassiuger.  In  the 
last  particular  I  think  tbat  he  c.vcels  them  both,  and.  indeed,  all 
his  contemporaries,  e.vcepting  Shakspeare.'" — Henry  NeeWs  Lects. 
on  Engli.ili  I'oelri/ ;  Led.  IU. 

Mr.  Disraeli  also  comes  to  the  rescue  of  the  abused  poet: 
"Some  modern  critics,  whose  delicacy  of  taste  in  its  natural 
feebleness  could  not  str.ain  itself  to  the  vigour  of  Jonson,  have 
strangely  failed  to  penetrate  into  the  depths  of  that  mighty  mind; 
and  some  modern  poets  have  delivered  Ilirir  sad  evidence  that  for 
them  the  Corypha:us  of  our  elder  draiiKiti-ts  Im.'i  become  unintelli- 
gible."— Amenities  of  Literature :   Tiir  Ilnmottrs  of  Jonson. 

"With  such  e-\traordiuary  requisites  for  the  stage,  joined  to  a 
strain  of  poetry  always  manly,  frequently  lofty,  and  sometimes 
almost  sublime,  it  may  at  first  appear  strange  that  his  dram.-is 
are  not  more  in  vogue ;  but  a  httle  attention  to  his  pecuhar  modes 
and  habits  of  thinking  will,  perh.aps,  enable  us  in  some  measure  to 
account  for  it.  The  grace  and  urbanity  which  mark  his  lighter 
pieces  he  laid  aside  whenever  he  approached  the  stage,  and  put  on 
the  censor  with  the  sock.  This  system  (whether  wise  or  unwise) 
natnr,ally  led  to  circumstances  which  affect  his  popularity  as  a 
writer:  ho  was  obliged,  as  one  of  his  critics  justly  observes,  'to 
hunt  down  his  own  characters,'  and,  to  continue  the  metaphor,  he 
was  frequently  carried  too  far  in  the  chase."— Gi/^ord's  Memoir  of 
Ben  Jonson. 

The  whole  of  this  criticism  should  bo  consulted  by  the 
reader. 

"The  limit  in  Jonson's  two  tragedies  is  that  there  is  not  enough 
to  interest  flesh  and  blood  in  them  and  to  stir  up  the  sympa- 
thies, the  hopes  and  fears,  of  humanity.  There  is  a  cold  historic 
sublimity,  which,  however  it  may  command  the  homage  of  the 
intellect,  awakes  no  responsive  echo  in  the  heart.  The  characters 
are  true  to  history, — true,  therefore,  to  human  nature ;  and  they 
move  on  in  the  plot  with  stern  and  terrible  decision.  But  the  harsh 
outline  lacks  those  lighter  pencillings,  those  softer  colourings,  in 
which  poetry  surpasses  history,  and  without  which  the  picture, 
though  bold  and  masterly,  will  not  chain  the  living  gaze  of  the 
spectator  to  the  painter's  canvas.  .  .  .  Uis  best  comedies  are  so 
generally  known  that  a  lengthy  critique  on  them  would  be  tedious. 
Those  that  are  less  read  .are  scarcely  deserving  of  any  notice,  beyond 
the  interest  that  must  attach  itself  to  any  production  from  the  pen 
of  such  a  man.  Every  Man  in  his  Humour,  The  Alchymist.  Vol- 
pone.  or  the  Fox.  and  The  Silent  Woman,  are  the  best  of  the  nume- 
rous comedies  he  has  left  us.  .  .  .  Jonson's  masques  are  beautiful. 
Thouoh  with  occasional  e.xtravagant  fancies  and  strjlined  conceits, 
they  are  full  of  learning  and  taste.  They  were  many  of  them 
written  for  great  festive  occasions.  .  .  .  gome  beautiful  songs  are 
introduced  into  them.  ...  As  a  translator  he  must  not  be  forgot- 
ten. He  has  left  a  version  of  Horace's  .Ars  Poetica.  .and  a  few  of  the 
odes.  The  former  is  marvellously  literal,  and  not  so  tame  as  might 
therefore  be  supposed.  In  the  lattiT  there  is  little  to  praise;  but 
he  has  excelled  these  regular  translations  in  passages  of  the  masques 
and  elsewhere,  which  ho  has  borrowed  from  ancient  authors  aud 
literally  rendered.  .  .  .  Jonson  is  no  exception  to  the  rule  that  clear 
and  strong  utterance  is  one  of  the  chief  characteristics  of  genius. 

and  that  great  poets  have  bi-en  g 1  |.r.r>,  -writers.    The  fragment 

cntitl'-d  Tinilier.  or  Lu-r..veries.  sulliri.-ntly  shuws.  without  appeal- 
ing to  his  letters,  dedications,  .and  prelUci-.  that  Knglish  literature 
lost  much  by  the  destruction  of  his  prose  niuni-n  ij.ts.  The  small 
remnant  that  is  left  is  full  of  eruditecrilh  i-iii.  pn.l'iund  reflection, 
and  great  severity  of  judgment.  There  ar.'  imtis  nn  books  .and  on 
life,  arranged  in  a  strange  and  arbitrary  manner,  written  in  a  concise 
and  pregnant  style,  and,  though  they  do  not  contain  so  much  sen- 
tentious wisdom,"  remind  us  forcibly  of  the  Essays  of  B.aeou.  .  .  . 
We  have  spoken  of  Jonson  as  the  author  of  tragedy,  of  comedy,  of 
masque,  .as  a  transl.ator  and  prose-writer.  But  it  is  as  a  lyric  poet 
also  that  we  claim  for  him  a  homage  and  adniir,ation  which  has 
hitherto  been  sparingly  given  if  yielded  at  M."— Austin  and  Ealph's 
Liva  of  the  Poets-Laureate,  Lon..  lS.i3,  90, 91-92, 95, 913,98-99, 101. 
An  accomplished  female  writer,  whose  graceful  criticisms 
we  have  frequently  had  occasion  to  quote  in  the  course  of 
this  volume,  speaks  with  enthusiiism  of  the  lyrics  just  re- 
ferred to : 

"  We  of  this  age.  a  little  too  careless  perhaps  of  learned  labour, 
would  give  a  whole  wilderness  of  Catilines  and  Poetasters,  and 
even  of  Alchemists  and  Volpones.  for  another  score  of  the  exquisite 
lyrics  which  are  scattered  carelessly  through  the  plays  and  masques 
which— strange  contrast  with  the  rugged  verse  in  which  they  are 
imbedded — seem  to  have  burst  into  being  .at  a  stroke,  just  as  the 
evening  primrose  flings  open  her  fair  petals  at  the  close  of  the  day. 
Lovelier  songs  were  never  written  than  these  wild  and  irregular 
ditties."— J/(iry  RusseU  Milford's  Kecollec.  of  a  Literary  Life. 

We  shall  hardly  feci  that  we  can  willingly  pass  on  to  the 
next  article  in  our  Dictiooary  without  quoting  some  opi- 
nions respecting  our  author  from  some  of  the  great  men 
of  his  own  day  and  the  age  which  followed.     The  best- 


JON 

known  of  such  passages  is  that  which  bears  the  imprimatur 
of  Jonson's  host  of  April,  Itili),— Druinmond  of  Haw- 
thorndcn.  None  of  the  abundant  censures  lavished  upon 
his  hero  more  excites  the  indignation  of  Gilford  than  these 
jottings  of  the  unfortunate  Boswell  of  the  age  of  James  I. 
But,  it  Druinmond  was  not  the  victim  of  the  furor  hiof/ra- 
phicus,  surely  Gilford  was,  and  therefore  (to  borrow  from 
Dr.  Johnson's  letter  to  James  Macpherson)  regard  is  to 
be  paid  less  to  what  he  says  than  what  he  is  able  to  provtj. 
The  easy  and  confident  arrogance  with  which  Gifford  con- 
tradicts the  assertions  of  Jonson's  contemporaries,  of  those 
who  lived  in  the  succeeding  few  years,  and  of  later  authori- 
ties, who  perhaps  had  as  good  information,  and  certainly 
far  better  manners,  than  the  editor  of  the  Quarterly,  is  not 
a  little  amusing.  Wo  arc  not  insensible  to  the  value  of 
his  critical  labours,  and  have  no  disposition  to  endorse 
Mr.  Leigh  Hunt's  assertion  that 

"  Sympathy  with  Jonson's  coarseness  and  his  love  of  the  caustic, 
a  poor  verbal' tact,  and  a  worship  of  authority,  were  the  only  quali- 
fications for  a  critical  sense  of  him  possessed  by  the  petulant  and 
presumptuous  Gifford."' — 3kn,  Women,  and  Books:  buckling  and 
Ben  Jonson. 

But  surely  Gifford  might  have  displayed  all  that  he  had 
to  offer  in  its  best  light,  without  so  ruthlessly  assailing  his 
predecessors.     In  the  words  of  a  late  critic, 

"  The  author's  one  pl<an  for  reinstating  Jonson  in  the  good  opinion 
of  his  countrymen  is  to  fall  foul  of  every  critic,  old  or  recent,  that 
had  ever  said  a  word  .agiunst  him."— North  British  Review,  Feb. 
ISolJ. 

We  may  remark,  in  passing,  that  a  notice  of  Barry  Corn- 
wall's edit,  of  Jonson's  Works,  already  referred  to  by  us, 
will  be  found  in  Leigh  Hunt's  Men,  Women,  and  Books. 
Whilst  Jonson  was  Drummond's  guest,  it  was  the  custom 
of  the  latter  to  register  the  sayings  of  the  distinguished 
sojourner,  and  at  the  conclusion  of  these  piquant  entries 
he  takes  the  opportunity  to  record  his  own  opinion  of  the 
characteristics  of  his  visitor,  "(vho,  he  tells  us,  was 

"  A  great  lover  and  praiser  of  himself;  a  contemner  and  scorner 
of  others;  given  rather  to  lose  a  friend  than  a  jest;  jealous  of 
every  word  and  action  of  those  about  him,  especially  after  drink, 
which  is  one  of  the  elements  in  which  he  lived ;  a  dissembler  of  ill 
parts  which  reign  in  him;  a  bragger  of  some  good  that  he  wanted; 
tluiiliith  nothing  well  done  but  what  either  he  himself  or  some  of 
his  tin  lids  hath  said  or  done.  He  is  passionately  kind  and  angry, 
careless  either  to  gain  or  keep;  vindictive,  but,  if  he  be  well 
answered  at  himself,  intei-prets  best  sayings  and  deeds  often  to  the 
worst.  He  was  for  any  religion,  as  being  versed  in  both ;  oppressed 
with  fancy,  which  hath  ever  mastered  his  reason,— a  general  dis- 
ease in  many  poets:  his  inveutions  are  smooth  and  easy,  but  above 
all  he  excelleth  in  a  translation."- I^riHnmond's  Works,  1711,  fob, 
224-2-26. 

It  is  only  proper  to  remark  that  Drummond's  notes  are 
not  correctly  printed  in  this  folio  ed.  of  17U.  A  correct 
text,  with  illustrative  notes,  was  for  the  first  time  printed,  in 
1S42,  by  the  Shakspeare  Society,  under  the  editorial  super- 
vision of  Mr.  David  Laing,  by  whom  the  MS.  was  disco- 
vered. We  have  already  noticed  (see  Drusimond,  Wm.) 
Mr.  Peter  Cunningham's  ed.  of  Drummond's  Works,  1S33, 
12mo.  A  new  ed.  by  the  same  editor  was  pub.  in  1852, 
Edin.,  8vo. 

The  first  charge  which  Drummond  prefers  in  the  above 
indictment  is  unfortunately  too  fully  endorsed  by  contem- 
porary evidence  to  admit  of  any  debate.  To  say  nothing 
of  Owen  Feltham's  admimble  parody  upon  Jonson's 
"  Come,  leave  the  loathed  stage," — a  burst  of  indignation 
at  the  failure  of  his  play  of  The  New  Inn,— we  have  a 
letter  from  Howell  upon  this  theme,  a  few  lines  of  which  we 
shall  quote : 

..  ^ni :— 1  was  invited  yesternight  to  a  solemn  supper  by  B.  J..  [Ben 
Jonson.]  where  you  were  deeply  remembered:  there  was  good  com- 
pany, excellent  cheer,  choice  wiues.  and  jovial  welcome :  oue  thing 
intervened,  wdiich  almost  spoiled  the  relish  of  the  rest,— that  B.  began 
to  engross  all  the  di-  "iii  -'■■  t"  vapour  extremely  by  himself,  and, 

by  vilifying  others,  t ;i-[iil\  his  own  muse.    T.  Ca.  [Tom  CarewJ 

buzzed  me  in  the  eai.  Ih.ii  II ^h  Ben  had  barrelled  up  a  great 

deal  of  knowledge,  yet  it  sconis  be  had  not  read  the  ethics,  which, 
among  other  precepts  of  morality,  forbid  self-commendation,  de- 
clarin"  it  to  be  an  ill-favoured  solecism  in  good  manners.  .  .  .  But, 
for  my  part.  I  am  content  to  dispense  with  the  Roman  infirmity  of 
Ben.  now  that  time  hath  snowed  upon  his  pericranium.  You  know 
Ovid  and  (your)  Horace  were  subject  to  this  humour,— the  first 
bursting  out  into —  _    ,  .... 

"  ■  Janiaque  opus  exegi,  quod  nee  Jovis  ira  ncc  igms,  *c. 
"  The  other  into — 

"'Exegi  monumentum  .-ere  perennins.'  &c. 
"As  also  Cicero,  whilr  ho  Tip  .d  liiioself  into  this  hexameter: 

"'0  fortunatum  icilain  1 niisol.-  Knmaui.'  ... 

"There  is  another  reason  that  cxcuscth  B.. — which  is,  that  if  one 
be  allowed  to  love  the  n.atural  issue  of  his  body,  why  not  that  of  his 
brain,  which  is  of  a  spiritual  aud  more  noble  extraction?"— To  Sir 
Thomas  Hawk.  Kt.,  Westmimter,  ith  April.  1636. 

See  our  Life  of  James  Howell,  No.  .S,  in  this  Diction- 
ary. It  was  well  that  Howell  bore  this  infliction  so  well, 
for  Gerard  Langbaine  tells  us  that  "  Ben  Jonson's  greatest 
weakness  was  that  he  could  not  bear  censure,"  aud  again, 


JON 


JOP 


"Re  was  a  Man  of  a  very  free  Temper,  and  withal  blunt,  and 
somewhat  haughty  to  those  who  were  either  Riviils  in  Fame,  or 
Enemies  to  his  Writinga,  (witaess  his  Poetaster,  wherein  he  falls 
upon  Decker,  and  his  answer  to  Dr.  Gill,  who  writ  against  his  Mag- 
netic Lady,)  otherwise  of  a  good  Sociable  Humour,  when  amongst 
hlfl  Sons  and  Friends  in  the  ApuUo:  from  whose  Laws  the  reader 
may  possibly  better  judge  of  his  Temper;  a  copy  of  which  I  have 
tranicribed  for  the  Learu'd  Headers  perusal." — Account  of  the  Eiig. 
Dramat.  Poets,  Oxf.,  1G91. 

They  were  a  merry  set  of  fellows  that  met  at  The  Apollo 
and  at  The  Mermaid, — too  merry  by  half,  or  rather  too 
free  with  the  stimulants  that  provoked  their  merriment. 
When  Frank  Beaumont  was  paying  a  visit  in  the  country, 
he  felt  the  loss  of  these  highly-seasoned  festivities,  and 
thus  pours  out  his  troubles  into  the  bosom  of  his  corre- 
spondent, Rare  Ben : 

*■  Methinks  the  little  wit  I  had  is  lost 
Since  I  saw  you :  for  wit  is  like  a  rest 
Held  up  at  Tennis,  wliich  men  do  the  best 
With  the  best  gam>'st<_T.s.     What  things  have  we  seen 
Done  at  the  Mermaid !  heard  words  that  have  been 
So  nimble,  and  so  full  of  subtile  flame, 
As  if  that  every  one,  from  whom  they  came^ 
Had  meant  to  put  his  whole  wit  in  a  jest, 
And  had  resolved  to  live  a  fool  the  rest 
Of  bis  dull  lifi-." 
It  had  been  better  for  the  whole  company  had  they  loved 
their  own  firesides  more  and  the  Mermaids  and  Apollos 
less.     Of  this  gay  circle  Master  Shakspeare  was  a  promi- 
nent member,  and  good  old  Thomas  Fuller  tells  us 

"■  Many  were  the  wit-combats  ["  wtr^-combats,"  the  last  edition  of 
Fuller,  from  which  we  quote,  prints  it]  betwixt  him  and  lien  Jon- 
flon ;  which  two  I  behold  like  a  Spanish  great  galleon  and  an  English 
man-of-war  :  Master  Jonson  (like  the  furmer)  was  built  far  higher 
in  learning;  solid, but  slow  in  his  performances.  Shakspeare,  with 
the  English  man-of-war,  lesser  in  bulk  but  lighter  in  sailing,  could 
turn  witli  all  tides,  tack  about,  and  take  advantage  of  all  winds,  by 
the  quickness  of  his  wit  and  invention." — Worthies  of  Englaiid-, 
Lon.,  1S40.  iii.  2S4r-285. 

As  Fuller  was  only  eight  years  of  age  when  Shakspeare 
died,  he  of  course  does  not  intend  us  to  understand  the 
word  *'  behold"  in  its  literal  sense.  Jonson  was  not  always 
disposed  to  engage  in  these  wit-combats,  for,  as  Fuller 
himself  tells  us  in  another  place, 

"  He  would  sit  silent  in  a  learned  company,  and  suck  in  (besides 
wine)  their  several  humours  into  his  observation.  What  was  ore 
in  others,  he  was  able  to  refine  to  himself. 

''  He  was  paramount  in  the  dramatic  part  of  poetry,  and  taught 
the  stage  an  exact  conformity  to  the  laws  of  comedians.  His  co- 
medies were  above  the  do/^c,  (which  are  only  tickled  wit)j  downright 
obscenity.)  and  took  not  so  well  at  the  first  stroke  as  at  the  rebound, 
when  beheld  the  second  time:  yea,  they  will  endure  reading  and 
that  due  commendation  so  long  as  either  ingenuity  or  Icarniug  are 
fashionable  in  our  nation.  If  his  later  be  not  so  spriteful  and  vigor- 
ous as  his  first  pieces,  all  that  are  old  will,  and  all  that  desire  to 
be  ohl  should,  excuse  him  therein." — Ibid.,  ii.  425. 

"  The  most  learned,  judicious,  and  correct,  generally  so  accounted, 
of  our  English  Comedians,  and  the  more  admired  for  being  so.  for 
that  neither  the  height  of  natural  parts,  for  he  was  no  Slmk- 
Bpeare,  nor  the  cost  of  extraordinary  education,  for  he  is  reported 
but  a  bricklayer's  son.  but  his  own  proper  industry  and  addiction 
to  books  advanced  him  to  this  perfection." — Phillips's  Tlicat.  Poet. 
Anglic. ;  Brydges's  ed.,  1800,  241-250,  q.  v. 

The  comparison  between  Shakspeare  and  Jonson — whom 
before  GifTord's  Memoir  it  was  the  fashion  to  represent  as 
the  enemy  and  vilitier  of  his  illustrious  brother — is  a  fa- 
vourite topic  with  many  critics.  It  is  not  omitted  in  Dry- 
den's  admirable  summary  of  the  literary  characteristics 
of  Ben  Jonson  : 

'*  As  for  Jonson.  to  whose  character  I  am  now  arrived,  if  we  look 
upon  him  while  he  was  himself,  (for  his  last  plays  were  but  his 
dotages,)  I  think  him  the  most  learned  and  judicious  writer  which 
any  theatre  ever  had.  He  was  a  most  severe  judge  of  himself  as 
well  as  others.  One  cannot  say  he  wanted  wit,  but  rather  that  ho 
was  frugal  of  it.  In  his  works  you  find  little  to  retrench  or  alter. 
Wit  and  laniriiage.  and  humour  also  in  some  measure,  we  had  before 
him,  but  smiiftliing  of  art  was  wanting  to  the  drama  before  he 
came.  {{>■  \\r.i\\:vj,<-{l  his  strength  to  more  advantage  than  any 
which  prmiled  him.  You  seldom  find  him  making  love  in  any 
of  his  scenes,  or  endeavouring  to  move  tin-  ji;is.siMns:  his  genius 
was  too  sullen  and  saturnine  to  do  it  grarcfutly.  >'?ip(icially  when 
he  knew  he  came  after  those  who  had  perfnrimd  buth  to  such  a 
height.  Humour  was  his  proper  sphere,  and  in  that  he  delighted 
most  to  present  mechanical  people.  He  was  deeply  conversant  in 
the  ancients,  both  Greek  and  Latin,  and  he  borrowed  boldly  from 
them.  There  is  scarce  a  poet  or  historian  among  the  Koman  authors 
of  those  times  whom  he  has  not  translated  in  *  Sejanus'  or  '  Catiline.* 
But  he  has  done  his  robberies  so  openly  that  one  may  see  he  fears 
not  to  be  taxed  by  any  law.  He  invades  authors  like  a  monarch, 
and  what  would  be  theft  in  other  poets  is  only  victory  in  him. 
With  the  spoils  of  these  writers,  he  so  represents  Old  Rome  to  us, 
in  its  rites,  ceremonies,  and  customs,  that  if  one  of  their  poets  had 
written  either  of  his  tragedies,  we  bad  seen  less  of  it  than  in  him. 
If  there  was  any  fault  in  his  language,  it  was  that  he  weaved  it  too 
closely  and  laboriously,  in  his  comedies  especially;  perhaps,  too,  he 
did  a  little  too  much  Romanize  our  language,  leaving  the  words  ho 
translated  almost  as  much  Latin  as  he  found  them,  wherein,  though 
he  learnedly  followed  their  language,  he  did  not  enough  comply 
with  the  idioms  of  ours.  If  I  would  compare  him  with  Slmk- 
•peare,  I  must  acknowledge  him  the  most  correct  poet,  but  Shak- 
speare the  greater  wit.  Shakspeare  was  the  Homer  or  father  of 
99d 


dramatic  poets,  Jonson  was  the  Virgil,  the  pattern  of  elaborate 
writing.     1  admire  liim,  but  I  love  Shakspeare." 

Sir  Walter  Scott  tbus  contrasts  Jonson  and  Shakspeare: 
'•The  one  is  like  an  ancient  statue,  the  beauty  of  which,  spring- 
ing from  the  exactness  of  the  proportion,  does  not  always  strike  at 
first  sight,  but  rises  upon  us  as  we  bestow  time  in  considering  it; 
the  other  is  the  representation  of  a  monster,  which  is  at  first  only 
surprising,  and  ludicrous  and  disgusting  ever  after." — Life  of 
Dri/den. 

The  following  lines  from  an  old  play,  entitled  Retvrne 
from  Pernassvs,  pub.  in  1606,  (ten  years  before  Shakspeare'a 
death.)  are  too  pertinent  to  our  subject  to  be  omitted: 
"Who  lonos  Adonis  lone,  or  Lucre's  rape, 
His  sweeter  verse  contaynes  hart  robbing  life, 
Could  but  a  grauer  subiect  him  content, 
Without  loue's  foolish  lazy  languishment." — Act  I.  Scene  II. 
"Few  of  the  vniuersity  pen  plaies  well:  they  smell  too  much  of 
fhat  writer  Ouid,  and  that  writer  Metamorphosis,  and  talke  too 
much  of  Proserpina  <£•  luppiter.    Why  heres  our  fellow  Shakespeare 
puts  them  all  downe.  I  and  Ben  lonson  too.    O  that  Ben  Pmson  ia 
a  pestilent  fellow,  he  brought  vp  Horace  gluing  the  Poets  a  pill,  but 
our  fellow  Shakefrpeare  hath  giuen  him  a  purge  that  made  him 
beray  bis  credit." — Act  IV.  Scene  III. 

We  would  fain  quote  from  HazHtt'a  lively  comparison 
between  these  two  great  poets,  but  this  our  space  forbids. 
The  reader  must  himself  turn  to  Lecture  II.  of  the  series 
on  the  English  Comic  Writers.  See  also,  in  addition  to 
the  authorities  cited  above,  Athen.  Oson. ;  Kurd's  Horace'3 
Art  of  Poetry;  Hume's  Hist,  of  England;  Gibber's  Lives 
of  the  Poets;  Lamb's  Characteristics  of  Dramat.  Writers 
contemp.  with  Shakspeare;  Drake's  Shakspeare  and  his 
Times;  Biog.  Brit.;  Biog.  Dramat.;  Chalmers's  Biog, 
Diet.  ;  Drake's  Essays  ;  Disraeli's  Curiosities  of  Literature, 
and  his  Quarrels  of  Authors;  Whalley's  Life  of  Johnson 
prefixed  to  his  ed.  of  his  Works ;  Dibdin's  Lib.  Comp. ; 
Spence's  Anecdotes;  Hallam's  Lit.  Hist,  of  Europe; 
Whipple's  Essays  and  Reviews;  Lon.  Retrosp.  Rev.,  1820, 
1.  181;  Eraser's  Mag.,  xxv.  377;  Index  to  Blackwood's 
Mag.,  vols.  i.-l. ;  Lou.  Gent.  Mag.,  1823,  Pt.  2,  223,  (an  in- 
teresting  account  of  opening  Ben  Jonson's  grave  and  exa- 
mining his  skeleton  in  August,  1S23  ;)  N.  British  Review, 
Feb.  1856.  The  commeudalions  of  the  Great  Earl  of  Cla- 
rendon and  Lord  Falkland  (both  personal  friends  of 
Jonson)  are  too  weighty,  and  the  poetical  portrait  of 
Churchill  too  admirably  drawn,  to  be  omitted  in  a  bio- 
graphical article  of  Rare  Ben  Jonson. 

*'  His  name,''  says  Lord  Clarendon,  "  can  never  be  forgotten,  having 
by  his  very  good  learning,  and  the  severity  of  his  nature  and  man- 
ners, very  much  refornieil  the  stage;  and  indeed  the  English  poetry 
itself.  His  natural  advantages  were,  judgment  to  order  and  govern 
fancy,  rather  than  excess  of  fancy;  his  productions  being  slow  and 
upon  deliberation,  yet  then  abounding  with  great  wit  and  fancy,  and 
will  live  accordingly ;  and  surely  as  he  did  exceedingly  exalt  the  Eng- 
lish language  in  eloquence,  propriety,  and  masculine  expressions,  so 
he  was  the  best  judge  of,  and  fitted  to  prescribe  rules  to,  poetry  and 
poets,  of  any  man  who  had  lived  with,  or  before  him,  or  since:  if 
Mr.  Cowley  had  not  made  a  flight  beyond  all  men.  with  that  modesty 
yet  as  to  ascribe  much  of  this  to  the  e.xample  of  learning  of  Ben 
Jonson.  His  conversation  was  very  good,  and  with  the  men  of 
most  note." 

The  assertion  last  quoted  is  supported  by  the  testimony 
of  the  other  nobleman  whom  we  have  mentioned  as  one 
of  the  poet's  admiring  friends  : 

'•  To  bim  how  daily  flock'd.  what  reverence  gave, 
All  that  had  wit,  or  would  be  thought  to  have; 
How  the  wise  too  did  with  mere  wits  agree, 
As  Pembroke.  Portland,  and  grave  D'Aubigny; 
Nor  thought  the  rigid'st  senator  a  shame 
To  add  his  praise  to  so  deserv'd  a  fame!" 

Lord  Falkland's  Ed. 
Churchill's    lifelike   portrait  must   conclude  an  article 
which  has  grown  on  our  hands  considerably  beyond  our 
intended  limits  : 

**  Next  Jonson  sat,  in  ancient  learning  train'd : 
His  rigid  judgment  Fancy's  flight  restrain'd. 
Correctly  pnin'd  each  wild  luxuriant  thought, 
Mark'd  out  her  course,  nor  spar'd  a  glorious  fault. 
The  book  of  man  he  read  with  nicest  art, 
And  ransack'd  all  the  secrets  of  the  heart; 
Excited  Penetration's  utmost  force, 
And  trac'd  each  passion  to  its  proper  source; 
Then,  strongly  mark'd.  in  liveliest  colours  drew, 
And  brought  each  foible  forth  to  public  view. 
The  coxcomb  felt  a  ia.sh  in  every  word. 
And  fools,  hung  out,  their  brother  fools  deterr'd; 
His  comic  humour  kept  the  world  in  awe. 
And  laughter  frighten'd  folly  more  than  law." 

The  Eosciad. 
Jonson.     See  Johnson. 

Jonston^  John*  Under  this  name  "Watt  has  erro- 
neously repeated  the  entry  of  Auditor  Benson's  edit,  of 
Arthur  Johnston's  Psalmi  Davidici,  «tc.  See  Johnston, 
Arthur. 

Jonston.     See  Johnston. 

Jonstonns,    anglice    JoHNSTON. 

Jopliu,  Thomas.     1.  Analysis  of  the  Currency  Qaes- 

tioD,  Lon.,  Svo.     2.  Evidence  on  the  Bank  Charter,  Ac, 


JOP 

8vo.  3.  Banking  in  England  and  Scotland,  Svo.  4.  Il- 
lustrations of  Views  on  Currency,  Svo.  6.  Views  on  Corn 
and  Currency,  Svo.  6.  Outlines  of  a  System  of  Political 
Economy,  1823,  Svo.  See  Lon.  Quar.  Rev.,  x.\xi.  126-145. 
7.  On  Currency  Reform,  1S44,  Svo. 

Jopling,  Joseph.  1.  Architect.  Designs  for  Agri- 
cultural Buildings,  Lon.,  4to.  2.  Practice  of  Isometrical 
Persrective  ;  2d  ed.,  1S42,  Svo. 

*'  Preferable  to  tUo  common  perspective  on  many  accounts." — 
Prof.  Parish.  ,  t.     -  » 

'•  Peculiarly  deserving  the  attention  of  Mechanics  and  tngmecrs. 
— ^Dr.  O.  Gregory. 

3.  New  ed.  of  Dr.  Brook  Taylor's  Principles  of  Linear 
Perspective,  with  addits.,  Svo. 

Jopp,  Thomas.     Reform  of  Parliament,  1816,  Svo. 
Jordan,  G.  \V.     Tracts  on  the  W.  Indies,  1S04, 16mo. 
Jordan,  Henry.     Practical  Observations  on  the  Pre- 
6»rvaf  ion  of  the  Teeth,  Lon.,  ISol ,  12mo :  2d  cii.,  1854, 12mo. 
"Contains  all  that  i3  essential  to  be  known  upon  the  general 
man,agemcnt  of  the  teeth."— ifrrt.  and  For.  Med.-Cliir.  Eev. 
Jordan,  Rev.  John.  Theolog.  works,  Lon.,  1837-47. 
Jordan,  John,  Jr.     See  Ogden,  Johs  Cosens. 
Jordan,  Thomas,  an  actor,  and  afterwards   Poet- 
Laureate  for  the  City  of  London,  supposed  to  have  died 
about  1685,  was  author  of  four  plays  and  a  number  of 
poems,  masques.  *tc.,  for  an  account  of  which  see  Lang- 
liaine's  Dramat.  Poets;  Biog.  Dramat ;  CensuraLiteraria; 
Kestituta;  Lowndes's  BibI  JNIan.  ;  Dibdin's  Lib.  Comp. 

Jorden,  Edward,  1569-1632,  a  London  physician,  a 
native  of  Kent,  pub.  four  medical  treatises,  1603-31. 

Jortin,  John,  D.D.,  169S-1770,  a  native  of  St.  Giles's, 
Middlesc.\,  admitted  of  Jesus  College,  Cambridge,  (of 
which  he  became  Fellow,)  1715;  Rector  of  St.  Dunstan- 
in-the-East,  London,  1751;  Vicar  of  Kensington,  and 
Preb.  of  St,  Paul's,  1762;  Archdeacon  of  London,  1764. 
He  was  a  man  of  great  learning,  fine  taste,  and  much  vi- 
vacity of  imagination,  an  accomplished  critic,  and  a  warm 
friend  to  the  diffusion  of  sound  linowledge.  His  principal 
works  are  the  following.  1.  Lusus  Poetici,  Lon.,  1722  ; 
174S,  4to.  These  are  a  few  Latin  poems.  There  is  said 
to  be  a  3d  ed.  2.  Four  Serms.  on  the  Truth  of  the  Chris- 
tian Religion,  1730,  Svo.  3.  MiscelLaneous  Remarks  on 
Authors  Ancient  and  Modern,  1731-32,  2  vols.  Svo.  Dr. 
J.  wrote  the  most  of  these  remarks;  but  they  also  contain 
contributions  by  Masson,  Taylor,  Wasse,  Theobald,  Robin- 
son, Upton,  Tbirlby,  and  others.  The  work  was  trans, 
into  Latin,  and  pub.  at  Am.sterdam.  4.  Discourses  on  the 
Truth  of  the  Christian  Religion,  1746,  '52,  Svo.  New  ed. 
See  No.  5. 

*•  They  abound  with  sound  sense  and  solid  argument." — Dr.  Ti- 
CESlMus  Knox. 

5.  Remarks  on  Ecclesiastical  History,  1751-73,  5  vols. 
Svo.  New  ed.,  together  with  a  new  ed.  of  No.  4,  and  a 
Life  of  the  Author,  by  Dr.  Heathcotc,  1805,  3  vols.  Svo. 
New  ed.  of  Remarks  on  Ecclesiastical  History,  edited  by 
the  Rev.  W.  TroUope,  1846,  2  vols.  Svo.  It  has  been  re- 
marked that  this  work  might  properly  be  entitled  Curiosi- 
ties of  Ecclesiastical  History.  The  Remarks 
"  do  not  embrace  a  regular  series  of  facts,  but  point  out  the  pro- 
minent parts  and  circumstances  of  the  general  suliject,  with  inte- 
resting remarks." — Dr.  E.  Williams's  C.  P.,  ed.  1S43,  325,  q.  v. 

"  Once,  and  rarely  more  than  once,  he  rose  to  eloquence ;  and 
that  was  in  the  preface  to  his  Remarks.  &c.,  which  the  late  Dr. 
Gosset  told  me  he  regularly  read  through,  every  year,  with  undi- 
minished delight.  ...  The  Remarks  are  excellent. — pithy,  learned, 
candid,  and  acute ;  presenting  us  with  the  marrow  of  his  predeces- 
sors."— l>ibilin^s  Lib.  Comp. 

"Dr.  Jortin  has,  in  .a  littlecompass.ttiken  notice  of  so  many  facts, 
and  animadverted  on  them  with  so  much  judgment,  that  ttlis  work 
will  ever  be  held  in  deserved  repute." — Bisnop  W.\TS0N. 
"  Critical,  hut  wanting  in  more  important  things." — Bickersteth's 

as. 

"  He  is  judicious,  temperate,  candid,  and  benevolent." — Hales. 
"The  character  of  his  work  is  too  well  established  to  require 
recommendation." — Booce. 

•'His  remarks  are  highly  interesting  and  impartial.  .  .  .  They 
are  full  of  manly  sense,  ingenious  strictures,  and  profound  erudition. 
It  is  a  work  highly  beneficial  to  mankind,  as  it  represents  in  its 
proper  light  that  superstition  which  disgraced  human  nature,  and 
gives  a  right  sense  of  the  advantages  derived  from  religious  refor- 
mation."— Dr.  V.  Knos. 

"  The  Remarks  of  Jortin  are  a  vrdgar  caricature,  distinguished 
not  more  for  their  hcirtlessness  and"  the  absence  of  every  noble 
feeling,  than  for  the  author's  shameful  ignorance  of  the  subject 
which  he  presumed  to  haodle." — Dr.  Dowlino. 

In  Rose's  Lecture  on  the  Study  of  Church  History  will 
be  found  some  severe  strictures  on  Jortin's  Remarks. 

6.  Six  Dissertations  upon  different  subjects,  1755,  Svo; 
1809,  8vo. 

"Dr.  Jortin,  in  one  of  his  Six  Dissertations,  (half  a  dozen  too 
many.)  thus  paUits  the  portrait  of  Achilles,"  ic— Professor  John 
■\VlLS0X  ;  Essays  Critical  and  Ifiiaginative,  Edin.  and  Lon.,  1857,  iv. 
166,  2.  V. 


JOS 

"  Equally  remarkable  for  taste,  learning,  originality,  and  inge- 
nuity."— Dr.  V.  Knox. 

Bishop  ■\V.arburton  thought  otherwise,  as  the  Sixth  Dis- 
sertation proved  so  conclusively  the  great  antiquity  of  the 
doctrine  of  a  future  state  as  to  overthrow  the  prelate's 
leading  and  most  absurd  position  in  The  Divine  Legation 
of  Moses.  Hurd,  therefore,  ever  ready  for  such  service, 
took  up  the  cudgels  for  his  friend,  and  Warburton,  in  his 
letters  to  Hurd,  attacks  Jortin  with  his  usual  arrogance, 
petulance,  and  indecency.  See  Disraeli's  Quarrels  of 
Authors,  in  Miscell.  of  Lit.,  ed.  Lon.,  1840,  166  ;  Lord 
Jefi'rey's  Contrib.  to  Edin.  Rev.,  1853,  SS9-S90 ;  Black- 
wood's Mag.,  xxix.  901;  and  authorities  cited  below. 

7.  The  Life  of  Erasmus,  with  Remarks  on  his  Works, 
1758-60,  2  vols.  4to ;  1806,  3  vols.  Svo.  Vol.  iii.  is  com- 
posed entirely  of  Original  Documents,  and  extracts  from 
the  writings  of  Erasmus  and  other  writers.  An  abridgment 
of  Jortin's  Life  of  Erasmus  was  pub.  by  A.  Laycey,  Lon., 
1S05,  Svo. 

"  Having  been  long  an  object  of  universal  admiration,  it  is  a 
matter  of  surprise  that  his  life  has  never  been  written  with  accu- 
racy and  judgment.  This  task  was  reserved  for  Dr.  Jortin:  and 
the  avidity  with  which  it  is  read  by  tlie  learned  is  a  proof  of  the 
merit  of  the  execution." — Dr.  V.  Knox. 

"The  ease,  simplicity,  and  vig<mr  of  this  eng.lging  writer,  (I 
speak  of  the  biographer,)  who  negligently  scatters  learning  and 
vivacity  on  every  subject  which  he  treats,  are  here  exercised  on  a 
must  congenial  topic." — GrcciCs  Diary  of  a  Lover  of  Lit.,  Ipswich, 
1810,  (4to,)  p.  13. 

"  In  his  Life  of  Eclsmus,  Jortin  shewed  himself  to  he  little  more 
than  a  translator  of  Le  Clerc.  A  snlject  of  the  greatest  is  made 
by  him  one  of  comparatively  small  interest.  The  work  is  little 
better  than  a  dry  journal  of  facts,  stitched  together.  ...  It  is  use- 
fully and  carefully  compiled,  but  wholly  uuaniraated  by  a  stroke 
of  genius.  The  life  of  one  of  the  greatest  wits  of  his  age  has  pro- 
duced oidy  sombre  biographies.  .  .  .  These  volumes  .  .  .  are  doubt- 
less unworthv  of  their  author." — Dibdin's  Lib.  Comp. 

"Dr.  Johnson  thought  Jortin's  Life  of  Erasmus  a  dull  book." — 
JoJmsoniana. 

"  Every  scholar  well  re.ad  in  the  writings  of  Erasmus  and  his 
contemporaries  must  have  discovered  that  Jortin  has  neither  col- 
lected sufficient  nor  the  best  materials  for  his  work ;  and  perhaps 
for  that  very  cause  he  grew  weary  of  his  task  before  he  h.ad  made 
a  full  use  of  the  scanty  materials  which  he  had  collected." — S.  T. 
Coleridge. 

See  The  Friend,  vol.  i.  226 ;  Horace  TValpole's  Letters 
to  Lord  Hertford.  250-252  ;  authorities  cited  below. 

8.  Serms.  on  Different  Subjects,  edited  by  the  author's 
son,  Rogers  Jortin,  of  Lincoln's  Inn,  1771.  4  vols.  Svo; 
reprinted,  with  the  addition  of  three  vols.,  1772,  7  vols.  Svo; 
1774,  7  vols.  Svo;  1787,  7  vols.  Svo.  New  eds.,  1809,  4 
vols.  Svo;  1836,  4  vols.  Svo.  Abridged  by  the  Rev.  G. 
Whitaker,  1S25,  3  vols.  Svo;  1826,  3  vols.  Svo;  1828,3 
vols.  Svo. 

"In  these  Sermons  good  sense  and  sound  morality  appear, — not, 
indeed,  dressed  out  in  the  meretricious  ornaments  of  a  florid  style, 
but  in  all  the  manly  force  and  simple  graces  of  natural  eloquence. 
They  will  always  be  read  with  pleasure  and  edification." — Dr.  V. 
Knox's  Essays, 

"  He  was  a  ready,  off-hand,  and  dexterous  scholar :  yet  his  style, 
even  in  his  sermons,  wants  what  the  French  call  '  onction.' " — Dib- 
din's Lib.  Oymp. 

"Jortin's  Sermons  are  very  elegant." — Db.  Johnson:  BosivcUs 
Life.  dk. 

"Classical  but  cold." — Lon.  Quar.  Rev. 

9".  Tracts,  Philological,  Critical,  and  Miscellaneous, 
1790,  2  vols.  Svo.     Pub.  by  the  author's  son. 

"  The  various  treatises  in  these  volumes  are  highly  commended 
by  Bishop  Newton,  T.  ^Vartou.  and  Dr.  Knox." 

It  is  to  be  regretted  that,  in  these  days  of  republication 
of  standard  authors,  a  collective  ed.  of  the  works  of  Dr. 
Jortin  should  still  be  a  desideratum.  Mr.  Strong,  of  Exe- 
ter, some  years  since,  offered  a  set  of  all  of  this  divine's 
works,  together  with  Disney's  Life  of  Jortin, — in  all  22  vols. 
Svo, — for  £S  8s.  For  further  information  respecting  this 
excellent  writer,  see  Dr.  John  Disney's  Life  of  Jortin,  1792, 
Svo;  Nichols's  Lit.  Anec;  Chalmers's  Biog.  Diet. ;  Black- 
wood's Mag.,  xxix.  901-902;  xxx.  851;  xxxiii.  873. 

"  The  works  of  Bishop  Warb\irton  and  Dr.  Jortin  will  speak  for 
them  better  than  any  private  coumiendation :  they  were  two  very 
extraordinary  men ;  they  were  both  men  of  great  parts  and  abili- 
ties, both  men  of  uncommon  learning  and  erudition,  both  able 
critics,  Ijoth  copious  writers.  .  .  .  Every  thing  that  proceeds  from 
Jortin  is  of  value,  whether  in  poetry,  criticism,  or  divinity."— 
Bishop  Newton. 

"A  poet,  a  divine,  a  philosopher,  and  a  man,  Dr.  Jortin  served 
the  cause  of  religion,  learning',  nii.l  iriM[;ility." — Dr.  V.  Knox. 

"  Dr.  Jortin  was  an  accompli-l.'d  .ti--ical  scholar:  his  style  often 
bears  a  resemblance  to  that  nl  X.  iinplion,  in  ease,  ,tc."— Williams. 

"  As  to  Jortin,  whether  I  look  back  to  his  verse,  to  his  prose,  to 
his  critical  or  to  his  theological  works,  there  are  tew  authors  to 
whom  I  am  so  much  indebted  for  rational  entertainment  or  for  solid 
instruction."— Dr.  Paer:  I'arr's  Tracts  by  a  Warburtonian,  q.  v. 

Joscelin  de  Brakelonde,  almoner  of  the  Abbey 
of  St.  Edmund's,  1211,  wrote  a  history  of  the  affairs  of  his 
abbey,  1173-1201,  and  a  book  on  the  pretended  miracles 
of  St.  Robert.     An  edit,  of  Joscelin's  Chronicle,  from  tha 

999 


JOS 


Latin  original,  was  pub.  by  the  Camden  Society,  edited  by 
J.  Gage  Roltewode,  1840,  4to,  and  a  trans,  of  this  ed.,  with 
Notes?  Introduction,  io.,  by  T.  E.  Tomlins,  134.3,  Svo. 
See  these  works  and  Wright's  Biog.  Brit.  Lit.,  Anglo-Nor- 
man Period,  1846. 

"  The  author  [Joscelin]  appears  to  have  been  well  acquainted  with 
the  common  Latin  autliors,  hut  his  huinity  is  singularly  unclassical 
and  inelegant." — "VVbight,  ubi  supi-a. 

Joseph  of  Exeter,  or  Josephns  Iscanns,  an 
Anglo-Latin  poet  tcmji.  Kichard  I.,  a  native  of  Devonshire, 
wrote  two  epic  poems  in  Latin  heroics:  the  first,  in  six 
books,  is  on  the  Trojan  war;  the  other  is  entitled  Antio- 
cheis,  the  War  of  Antioch.  Of  the  last,  the  only  fragment 
which  remains  (22  lines)  will  be  found  in  Warton's  Hist, 
of  English  Poetry,  and  in  Wright's  Biog.  Brit.  Lit.,  Anglo- 
Norman  Period.  Leland  also  attributes  to  Joseph  epi- 
grams and  love-verses,  (Nugaj  Amatoria;,)  and  it  is  asserted 
that  he  wrote  in  Latin  verse  De  Institutione  Cyri;  but  no 
such  productions  are  known  to  bo  e.xtant.  For  an  account 
of  the  edits,  of  the  poem  De  Bcllo  Trojano,  see  Wright, 
tibi  mmia.  See  also  Leland;  Bale;  Pits  ;  Prince's  Worthies 
of  Devon;  Warton's  Hist,  of  Eng.  Poet.;  The  Sketch- 
Book,  (art.  on  The  Mutability  of  Literature,)  by  Washing- 
ton Irving.  ,  V  f 
"  A  miracle  of  this  age  in  classical  composition  was  Joseph  ol 
Exeter,  commonly  called  Josephus  Iscanus.  .  .  .  lie  appears  to  have 
possessed  no  common  conmiaad  of  poetical  phraseology,  and  wanted 
nothing  but  a  knowledge  of  the  Viimliaii  rhustity.  His  style  is  a 
mLxture  of  Ovid,  Statius,  and  Clau(Hiui.  win.  siem  tlun  tu  have 
been  the  popular  patterns."—  Warlun's  Hist,  of  Eny.  I'od.,  eJ.  Lon., 
1840,  vol.  i.  cxxvu.,  cx.\viii. 

Warton  remarks  that  Italy  had  at  that  time  produced 
no  poet  comparable  to  Josephus  Iscanns.  It  has  been 
stated  that  this  poet  died  about  1224,  but  of  the  true  date 
nothing  is  certainly  known. 

Joseph  of  Oxford.  Henochismus  ;  sive  Traotatus 
de  Modo  Ambulandi  cum  Deo,  Oxf.,  1702,  Svo. 

Joseph,  Nahum,  editor  of  Robertson's  Compendious 
Hebrew  Dictionary,  IS  14,  8vo,  and  of  his  Hebrew  New 
Testament.  Bath,  1814,  12mo. 
Josephus  Iscanus.  See  Joseph  of  Exeter. 
Joslin,  U.F.  1.  Causes  and  Homojopathic  Treatment 
of  Cholera,  N.  York,  1S4U,  '54,  ISmo.  2.  Principles  of  Ho- 
mioopathy,  18j0,  12mo. 

Josliii,  Mrs.  B.  F.  Clement  of  Rome;  a  Legend  of 
the  Sixteenth  Century.  With  an  Introduc.by  Prof.  Tayler 
Lewis,  N.York,  ISino. 

Josse,  Augustin  E.  1.  French  and  Spanish  Gram- 
mars, Ac,  179a-lS02.  2.  Juvenile  Biography,  1801,  '03, 
2  vols.  12mo. 

Josseline,  John,  pub.  several  Saxon  Collections,  ic, 
15G8-1620.     See  Watt's  Bihl.  Brit. 

Josselyii,  John,  paid  a  visit  of  fifteen  months  to  New 
England,  1638-39,  and  another  one  of  eight  years  and  a 
half,  1663-71.  He  pub.  his  impressions  of  the  country  in 
two  works,  viz. :  1.  New  England's  Rarities  Discovered, 
in  Birds,  Beasts,  Fishes,  Serpents,  and  Plants  of  that 
Country,  Ac,  with  Cuts,  Lon.,  1672,  '74,  '75,  Svo.  2.  An 
Account  of  two  Voyages  to  New  England,  Ac,  1674, 12mo. 
A  Chronological  Table  of  the  most  Remarkable  Passages, 
from  the  First  Discovery  of  the  Continent  of  America  to 
1673,  is  appended  to  the  above. 

"The  relation  is  curious  and  faithful:  when  the  author  makes 
his  own  remarks,  they  are  in  the  oddest  uncouth  expressions  ima- 
ginable."— John  Locke:  The  I'^iilosfjpher. 

"  Contains  a  variety  of  curious  facts  regarding  medicine  and  sur- 
gery: the  author,  however,  appears  a  httle  credulous." — }raU's 
Bihl.  Brit. 

A  little  credulous  certainly, for  he  tells  us,  "Some  frogs, 
when  they  sit  upon  their  breech,  are  a  foot  high  ;"  "barley 
frequently  degenerates  into  oats."  See  Sullivan's  Maine; 
Hutchinson,  i.  267,  268;  Douglass,  ii.  71;  Allen's  Amer. 
Biog.  Diet.  The  collector  of  American  History  is  not 
obliged  to  give  implicit  credence  to  all  the  marvellous 
stories  of  this  eccentric  rncoiiMir.  but  he  must  by  no  means 
neglect  to  secure  his  rare  volumes  when  they  are  within 
his  reach. 

Josselyn,  Robert.  The  Faded  Flower,  and  other 
Songs,  Bost.,  1840,  12nio. 

Jossy.     Descrip.  of  Switzerland,  1814,  2  vols. 
Jourdan,  Sil.     A  Discovery  of  the  Barmvdas  ;  other- 
wise called  the  Isle  of  Divcls,  Lon.,  1610,  4to.     Reprinted 
in  voh  V.  of  the  new  edit,  of  Haklnyt's  Voyages.     See 
H.\KLUYT,  Richard. 

Jowett,  Rev.  B.  Epistles  to  the  Thessalonians,  Ga- 
latians,  and  Romans,  Lou.,  1855,  2  vols.  Svo. 

Jowett,  Joseph,  pub.  several  collections  of  sacred 
music,  serms.,  Ac.     See  Lowndes's  Brit.  Lib.,  440. 

"There  is  much  good  writing  iu  his  sermons  which  raises  them 
above  the  ordinary  class  of  village  discourses." — Lon.tJtris.Rcmemh. 
1000 


JUD 

J.owett,  Rev.  William,  travelling  agent  of  the 
Church  (of  England)  Missionary  Society.  1.  Christian 
Researches  in  the  Mediterranean,  1815-20,  Lon.,  1822, 
Svo.  2.  Christian  Researches  in  Syria  and  the  Holy  Land, 
1823-24,  Svo,  1S25.  Bickersteth's  Christian  Student 
remarks  that  these  vols,  contain  "much  wisdom  and  piety." 
An  interesting  notice  of  the  last  vol.,  with  extracts,  will 
bo  found  in  the  Note-Book  of  a  Literary  Idler,  No.  III.  ; 
Blackw.  Mag.,  xviii.  591-595. 

Mr.  Jowett  also  pub.  sever.al  theological  works. 
Joy,  Lord  Chief-Baron.     On  the  Evidence  of  Ac- 
complices, Duhl.,  1836,  Svo. 

Joy,  Joye,  or  Gee,  George,  otherwise  Clarke,  or 
C'lerke,  d.  1550,  a  zealous  advocate  of  the  Reformation, 
and  a  printer  in  England  and  on  the  Continent,  trans, 
some  portions  of  the  Bible  into  English,  and  pub.  a  number 
of  theolog.  treatises.  See  Tanner;  Bale;  Lewis's  Hist, 
of  the  Translations  of  the  Bible;  Cotton's  do.;  Dibdin's 
Typ.  Antiq.  of  6.  Brit. ;  Richmond's  Fathers,  i.  532. 

Joy,  H.  H.  1.  Confessions  and  Challenge  of  Jurors, 
Ac,  Duld.,  1842,  Svo.  2.  Peremptory  Challenge  of  Jurors, 
Ac,  1844,  Svo. 

Joyce,  Rev.  James.  1.  Lay  of  Truth,  a  Poem,  Svo. 
2.  Treatise  on  Love  to  God,  1822,  Svo. 
"  An  interesting  work  by  a  refiued  mind." — Bickersteth's  C.  S. 
Joyce,  Jeremiah,  176-1-1S16,  a  Unitarian  minister, 
pub.  a  number  of  serms.  and  educational  works,  of  which 
the  Scientific  Dialogues  for  the  Young  is  still  in  use,  and 
six  eds.  were  pub.  between  1846  and  '57. 

"  Mrs.  Marcet's  Conversations  and  Joyce's  Dialogues  should  bo 
studied  by  any  one  who  wishes  to  write  In  this  style  with  pro- 
priety."— Lo7t.  AthenfFwn,  1839,  130-131. 

The  last  ed.  of  Joyce's  Famili.ar  Introduction  to  the 
Arts  and  Sciences  was  pub.  in  1852,  Svo. 

Joyner,  William,  alias  tyde,  1622-1706,  Fellow 
of  Magdalene  College  1.  The  Roman  Empress,  a  Comedy, 
Lon.,  1670,  4to.  2.  Observations  on  the  Life  of  Cardinal 
Pole,  1686,  Svo.  3.  Latin  and  English  poems  scattered  in 
several  books,  1640,  Ac.  See  Athen.  Oson. ;  Biog.  Dramat. 
Joynes,  Clement.  Essay  on  New  Experiments,  Svo. 
Joyues,  W.  T.  Essay  on  Limitations,  Ac,  Richmond, 
1S44,  Svo. 

Juhb,  George.  Linguae  Hebraicte  Studium  Juven- 
tuti  Academica?,  Oxon.,  1781,  4to. 

Judd,  Daniel.  1.  Asparagus;  Trans.  Hortic  Soc, 
1816.     2.  Celery;  Ibid.,  181S. 

Judd,  Sylvester,  1813-1853,  a  native  of  Westhamp- 
ton,  Hampshire  county,  Massachusetts,  graduated  at  Y'ale 
College  in  1836,  entered  the  Divinity  School  at  Harvard 
University  in  1837,  and  was  installed  as  pastor  of  the 
Unitari.an  church  in  Augusta,  Maine,  in  1840,  which  sta- 
tion he  retained  until  his  death.  1.  Margaret,  a  Tale  of 
the  Real  and  Ideal,  Blight  and  Bloom ;  including  Sketches 
of  a  Place  not  before  described,  called  Mons  Christi,  Bost., 
1S45,  12mo;  2d  ed-,  1S51,  2  vols.  12nio.  In  1856  were 
pub.,  by  J.  S.  Redfield,  N.  Y'ork,  30  Compositions  in  Out- 
line, illustrative  of  as  many  scenes  in  Margaret,  by  Felix 
0.  C.  Darley,  engraved  by  Konrad  Huber. 

'■  The  story  of  Margaret  is  the  most  emphatically  American  book 
ever  written." — J.  K.  Lowell:  N.  Amer.  Ha'.,  Ixix.  209. 

Reviewed  by  W.  B.  0.  Peabody,  in  the  North  American 
Review,  Ixii.  102-141 ;  Ixxxiv.  535.  See  also  Chris.  Exam., 
xxxix.  418;  South.  Quar.  Rev.,  ix.  507;  J.  R.  Lowell's  Fable 
for  Critics;  Lon.  Athenaeum,  March  14,  1857,  p.  347.  Of 
the  Compositions  in  Outline,  the  Athenoeum  remarks: 

"This  hook  of  illustrations  is  the  best  thing  American  Art  has 
yet  produced.  The  drawmgs  are  original,  graceful,  and  purely 
natiomil."  . 

2.  Philo  :  an  Ev.angeliad,  1850,  12mo.  Reviewed  by  A. 
P.  Peabody,  in  the  North  Amer.  Rev.,  Ixx.  433-443.  3. 
Richard  Edney,  and  the  Governor's  Family,  1850,  12mo. 
Reviewed  in  the  North  Amer.  Rev.,  Ixxii.  493-505.  4.  The 
Church ;  in  a  Series  of  Discourses,  1854,  12mo.  Mr.  Judd 
left  in  MS.  a  dramatic  piece  in  five  acts,  entitled  The  White 
Hills,  an  American  Tragedy.  For  further  details  respect- 
ing this  author  and  his  productions,  see  the  Life  and  Cha- 
racter of  the  Rev.  Sylvester  Judd,  1854,  12mo,  (by  Miss 
Arethusa  Hall.)  and  a  review  of  this  vol.  in  the  North 
Amer.  Rev..  Ixxx.  420-439. 

Judkin,  Rev.  Thomas  James.  1.  Church  and 
Home  Ps.almody,  Lon.,  1831,  ISiuo.  2.  By-gone  Moods; 
or.  Hues  of  Fancy  and  Feeling,  from  tho  Spring  to  the 
Autumn  of  Life,  1S56,  p.  Svo.  Contains  about  270  original 
Sonnets,  of  the  Petrarchan  school.  They  were  written  at 
various  periods  of  life. 

Judsou,  Adoniram,  D.D.,  b.  Aug.  9,  1788,  at  Mai- 
den, Mass.,  d.  1850,  at  sea,  on  his  voyage  to  Rangoon,  a 
Baptistdivine,thefounderof  the  Burmah  Mission  in  1815, 
wrote  awork  on  Christian  Baptism,  (recently  repub.,)  Ac, 


JUD 

and  trans,  the  Bible,  a  Dictionary,  and  a  number  of  tracts, 
into  the  Burmese  tongue.  His  1st  ed.  of  the  Bible  in 
Burmese  was  pub.  in  1S35,  3  vols.  8vo  ;  2d  cd.,  revised  and 
much  improved,  ISM,  thick  4to.  His  Burmese  and  Eng- 
lish Dictionary  was  compiled  from  his  papers  by  E.  A. 
Stevens,  and  printed  at  Moulmein  in  1852.  It  is  the  only 
one  ever  compiled  of  the  Burmese  language.  See  his  life 
by  J.  Clement,  Auburn.  N.Y.,  1852,  12mo;  Sketch  of  his 
Character  and  Labors,  by  Mrs.  H.  C.  Conant,  Bost.,  12mo; 
Incidents  in  his  Life,  Lon.,  1S52,  12mo,-  Memoirs  of  his 
Life  .and  Labors,  by  Francis  Wayland,  D.D.,  Pre4dent  of 
Brown  University,  1853,  2  vols.  12mo,  Lon.,  1853,  2  vols. 
12iuo;  Records  of  his  Life,  Character,  and  Achievements, 
by  Rev.  D.  1.  Middleditch,  of  Redbank,  N.Jersey,  N  York 
ISDi,  12mo.  Of  Dr.  Wayland's  biography-such  was  the 
interest  felt  in  the  labours  of  the  e.tcellent  Judson— 2.5  UOO 
copies  were  sold  in  si.xty  days.  See  also  Boat.  Chris  Rev 
xm.  259,  .fiv.  421  ;  Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  March,  1854,  286 

Judson,  Mrs.  Auue  Ilascltiiie,  1789-182(3,  a  na- 
,  J',°o  ^."'l''"'"'''  i^I^ss-.  was  married  to  the  precedin.^  in 
1812,  and  proved  a  faithful  ally  in  his  efforts  for  the  con- 
version of  the  heathen,  and  a  skilful  diplomatist  in  affairs 
of  state.  She  wrote  some  tracts  for  her  Burmese  pupils, 
and  an  e.xcellont  Account  of  the  American  Baptist  Mi4ion 
to  the  Burman  Empire,  Lon.,  1825,  8vo.  See  Memoir  of 
,o°o!f  ^-J'"^^""'  V  I^ev.  Jas.  D.  Knowles;  2d  ed.,  Bost., 
Ib^J,  12mo;  filly-seventh  thousand,  Bost,  1857,  ISmo 
Life  of  Mrs.  A.  JL  Judson,  pub.  by  Amer.  S.  S.  Union, 
i-hi  a.,  ISmo;  Lives  of  the  Three  Mrs.  Judson,  by  Mrs 
Arabella  M.  Willson,  N.  York,  1851,  '55, 12mo  ;  Jamieson's 

2^'i^n  ?'■''?■  l'°f'  ^'"'■'  1^^^'  P-  S^";  1^«'-  Chris.  Exam., 
Ti.  252,  by  F.  Parkman.  ' 

iQ^r"*??","',  '**'*•  ^^'"'•y'  formerly  niis.s  Chubbuck, 
1817-1804,  better  known  by  her  „om  de  plume  of  Fanny 
^,l\f^^''  \  !"'«™  «f  Eaton,  New  York,  became,  in  June, 
1846  the  third  wife  of  the  Rev.  Dr.  Adoniram  Judson,  the 
founder  of  the  Burmah  Mission,  and  imme.Iiately  after- 
wards accompanied  her  husband  to  India.  After  Dr  Jud 
son  s  decease  in  1850,  Mrs.  Judson  returned  to  the  United 
btates,  ID  impaired  health,  and,  after  a  lingorins  illness 
died  at  the  residence  of  her  brother,  at  Hamilton,  New 
)(ork.  Among  her  first  contributions  to  literature  were 
severa  sinal  vols,  of  a  religious  character,  issued  by  the 
Baptist  1  ubhcation  Society,  and  poetical  essays  in  the 
knickerbocker  M.igaziue.  In  1S44,  she  sent  a  paper  to 
The  New  York  Weekly  Mirror,  under  the  signature  of 
ianny  Forester,  which  was  so  fortunate  ns  to  elicit  the 
enthusi.astic  commendation  of  Mr.  N.  P.  Willis  editor  of 
that  periodical.  Encouraged  by  this,  she  contributed  to 
his  columus  a  number  of  ess.ays,  sketches,  and  poems,  of 
which  a  collection  appeared  in  2  vols,  in  1846,  under  the 
title  of  Alderbrook.  These  met  with  such  favour,  that  the 
sale  in  America  from  the  date  of  publication  to  the  vear  185'! 
amounted  to  33,0U0  vols.  Mrs.  Judson  subsequently  gave 
0  the  world  A  Memoir  of  Mrs.  Sarah  B.  Judson,  N^York, 
1849,  ISmo;  The  Oho,  or  Domestic  Poems,  1852,  12mo- 
The  kathayan  Slave,  and  other  Papers  connected  with 
Missionary  Life,  Bost.,  1853,  16mo;  My  Two  Sisters,  a 
Sketch  from  Memory,  [prose,]  1854,  ISmo,  Ac  The  fol 
lowing  vols,  were  pub.  before  Mrs.  Judson's  marri.age  1 
Charles  Linn;  or.  How  to  Observe,  ISmo.     2    The  Great 

Ti,"s  ',r,'r"r,i"  ^^  "^PP^'  1**™''-  3.  Allen  Lucas ;  or, 
The  Self-Made  Man,  ISmo.  The  three  are  also  all  pub! 
in  1  vol.,  under  the  title  of  How  to  be  Great,  Good,  and 
Happy.     4.  Trippings  in  Author-Land,  12mo. 

„„'»'■!''%'"?■,'"  "'°,''  "^  ""^  P"""'  quality.-simplo,  truthful,  \mv.-\- 
native,  fertUe.  and  genial.     We  have  never  expressed  one  half  of 
the  aJniiration  we  have  felt  for  that  rare,  most  ra™  qual  tv  of  he 
S^iu7.'n'/""T':  unbroken  weaving  of  truth  and  nature  throu"h 

wlf  k'  P,  ■  ?  I""','™.'' """'  "''"  "■'"«  feminine  and  delicate  fanrv 
Her  books  are  deligbttul  to  re.ad  for  this  reason.    The  heart  seconds 

WilSs  '''"'™  '"       '"  '""'  ™'"'^"'   recogmtion."-lN  p' 

The  Memoir  of  Mrs.  Sarah  B.  Judson  was  repub.  in 
London  in  1848;  2d  ed.,  1849,  12mo ;  3d  ed.,  1856,  12mo 
In  an  Introductory  Notice  by  Edward  Bean  Underbill  it 
IS  commended  as  a  beautiful  biographical  production,  from 
which  eulogy  the  critic  of  the  London  Athenajum  thus 
expresses  his  dissent; 

rh'.'.n"  "?""",'  f"""  M'--^nd"hUr«  admiration  for  Miss  Emily  C 
Jn,S^n  ?h  '■"","'  ""  authoress.  The  tomb  of  the  second  Mrs 
Judson  is  by  her  hung  with  artificial  flowers  of  the  most  tawdry 
and  commonplace  quality.  Without  simplicity  there  is  neither 
charm  nor  profit  in  narratives  of  this  kind:  and  •l-.-.nny  Fore  teV 
seems  to  have  avoided  simplicity  with  unusual  fervour  and  entirely 
to  have  succeeded  m  her  escape  from  it."-Nov  11  1848  p  1103^ 
See  Lives  of  the  Three  Mrs.  Judson,  by  Mrs.' A.'m. 
WUlson,  N.  York,  1851,  '55,  12mo;    Griswold'a  Female 


JUN 

Poets  of  America;  N.  Amer.  Rov.,lxviii.  434;  The  Female 
;o"f '/■"''  ,^""'™'  by  Mfs-  E.  F.  EUet;  Chris.  Exam.,  xlii. 
393,  (by  L.  J.  Hall.)  It  is  understood  that  a  Life  of  Mrs. 
Judson,  by  Dr.  A.  C.  Kendrick,  of  Rochester,  New  York, 
IS  now  (1857)  in  course  of  prep,aration. 

Judson,  Mrs.  Sarah  B.,  1803-1845.  a  native  of  AI- 
stead,  Aew  Hampshire,  was  married  in  1825  to  the  Rev 
George  Boardman,  who  died  in  1831,  and  in  1835  she  be- 
came the  second  wife  of  the  Rev.  Adoniram  Judson.  The 
parting  poem,  addressed  to  the  latter  when  she  was  about 
sailing  lor  America,  has  been  much  admired.  See  the 
three  preceding  articles. 

Jukes,  Andrew.  1.  Principles  of  Prophetic  Inter- 
pretation, (Ilulsean  Dissert.,  18411.)  Lon.,  1841,  8vo.  2. 
The  Way  which  some  Persons  call  Heresy,  1847,  12mo.' 
3.  Law  of  the  Offerings  in  Levit.  i.  to  viii.,  1847,  fp.  8vo; 
3d  ed.,  1854,  fp.  Svo.  4.  Characteristic  Differences  of  the 
Four  Gospels,  1853,  fp.  Svo. 

Jukes,  Edward.  1.  Indigestion  and  use  of  Lave- 
ments, Lon.,  ISmo.  2.  Structure  of  the  Rectum,  1842,  4to. 
3.  Causes,  4c.  of  Smoky  Rooms,  1843,  12mo. 

Jukes,  George  M.  Lett,  to  the  Inhabitants  of  Gos- 
port  rel.  to  a  Suit  in  Exchequer,  1809,  Svo. 

Jukes,  J.  Beete,  late  Geological  Surveyor  of  New- 
foundland, now  President  of  the  Geological  Society  of 
Dublin.  1.  Excursions  in  and  about  Newfoundland  in 
1S39-10,  Lon.,  1842,  2  vols.  p.  Svo.  A  review  of  this  work, 
anil  a  contrast  between  it  and  Newfoundland  in  1842  (see 

EON.-JYCASTLE,   LlEUT.-CoL.  SlR    RiCHARD,)  will    be    found 

',?  Vf  ^^'"'"'on  AtheuKum,  Aug.  27,  1842.     2.  Voyage  of 
II. M.S.  Ily  to  the  Eastern  Archipelago,  1847,  2  vols.  Svo 

3.  Sketch  of  the  Physical  Structure  of  Australia,  1850,  Svo' 

4.  Popular  Physical  Geology,  1853,  r.  16mo.  With  20 
views  of  geolog.  scenery. 

"The  illustrations  to  th„  work  are  of  the  most  accurate  as  well 
.as  beau  iliil  character  combining  the  skill  of  the  artist  with  the 
lin..«  ledge  of  the  geologist."— i„)i.  Observer. 

See  also  a  highly  commendatory  notice  in  the  Spectator. 

Juliana,  a  devotee,  ten,],.  Edward  IIL,  who  lived  in  a 
stone  cell  at  Norwich,  wrote  Sixteen  Revelations  of  the 
Love  of  God,  &e.,  which  was  pub.  by  F.  R.  S.  Cresy  in 
1610,  and  reprinted  by  H.  Parker.  Leicester,  1843  fp  Svo 

Julius,  Ale.vander,  a  native  of  Edinburgh,  pub' 
poetical  translations  into  Latin  of  portions  of  the  Bible 
and  some  poems,  Ac.  in  the  same  language,  1606-''0  His 
Poemata  Sacra  was  pub.,  Edin.,  1614,  4to.  See  Lowndes's 
Bibl.  Man. 

Julius  Secundus.  Dialogus  Fcstivus,  Oxon.,  1680 
12mo.  ' 

Juniper,  William.  I.  Juniper  Lectures,  Lon.,  1652 
l-mo.  2  His  Visions,  Ac,  1662,  4to.  See  the  Juniper 
Lecturer  Corrected,  1662,  4to. 

Junius.  In  our  article  upon  Sm  Philip  Francis,  in 
this  volume,  we  remarked  that  we  should  best  discharge 
our  duty  with  respect  to  the  vexed  question  of  the  author- 
ship of  TuE  Letters  op  Junius  by  indicating  the  sources 
ol  inlormation  upon  this  famous  controversy.  The  c.i(a 
lo,j„e  rnisounec  subjoined,  of  works  upon  this  warmly-agi- 
tated theme,  we  have  prepared  with  much  care  from" a 
number  of  authorities  not  .accessible  to  all  inquirers 

Wo  must  premise— for  we  write  not  for  the  learned  only 
—that  the  compositions  distinctively  styled  The  Letters 
OF  Junius  were  originally  pub.  in  The  Public  Advertiser 
ot  London,  by  Henry  Sampson  Woodfall,  the  first  letter 
,^2"°S  'I'lte  January  21,  1709,  and  the  last  January  21, 
T,".""  i'™?  <■«'-''>■'''»<'  epistles  are  addressed  to  The 
Printer  of  The  Public  Advertiser,  Sir  William  Draper,  The 
Duke  of  Grafton,  The  Duke  of  Bedford,  Lord  North,  Lord 
Mansfield  The  King  of  England,  Rev.  Mr.  Home,  and 
others.  Junius  was  a  Grenville  or  Rockingham  Whig 
and  attacked  with  great  severity  the  ministerial  measures 
01  the  Duke  of  Grafton  and  his  colleao-ues 

"The  classic  purify  of  their  language,  the  e°xquisite  force  and  per- 
spicuity of  their  argument,  the  keen  severit;  of  their  repro,ach 
the  extensive  information  they  evince,  their  fearless  and  decWve 
tone,  and,  above  all,  their  stern  and  steady  attachment  to  "he  nurest 
pnneiples  of  the  Constitution,  acquired  for  them,  with  an  ata™t 
electric  speed,  a  popularity  which  no  series  of  letters  hTve  sTnce 
possessed,  nor.  perhaps,  ever  will;  and,  what  is  of  far  greater  con 
sequence,  diffused  among  the  body  a 'clearer  knowled™  of  thoi 
constitutional  nghts  than  they  had  ever  before  attained! and  anj^ 
mated  them  with  a  more  determined  spirit  to  maintain  them  inX 
Late.  Enveloped  in  the  cloud  of  a  fictitious  name,  the  writS  of 
v^s  i„Pfl,;re7fr'rb  '"■"'"•-If-b'^heldwith  secret  ;atisfac"on  the 
1  ast  influence  of  his  labours,  and  enjoyed,  though,  as  we  shall  arter- 
wards  observe,  not  always  without  apprehension,  the  universal  hunt 

extolhn^  hin'^'/b  ''""■'I ''""  '°  ■"'  "'^P-''"-    ""  l-^beld  the  people 
extolhng  him,  the  court  execrating  him,  and  ministers,  and  more 
than  nimisters   trembling  beneath  the  L-uh  of  his  invi„b  e  hand^"" 
JOHN  Maso.n  Goon  M.D.  :  fea.v  on  Jumus  and  hi  Wrilims 
Several  unauthorized  collections  of  the  letters  of  Junius 

1001 


JDN 

were  pnt  forth  ty  various  publishers  before  1772,  in  which 
year  Mr.  Henry  Sampson  Wuodfall,  the  original  printer 
of  the  epistles,  issued  an  edition  in  2  vols.  sm.  8vo,  with 
the  sanction  of  Junius,  and  an  eloquent  Dedication,  Pre- 
face, and  Notes,  by  the  same  mysterious  individual.  In 
1812,  3  vols.  8vo,  Mr.  George  Woodfall  pub.  a  new  edition 
of  these  celebrated  letters.  In  this  edit,  we  have  not  only 
the  Letters  of  Junius  referred  to  above,  but  also  his  pri- 
vate letters  to  H.  S.  Woodfall,  his  correspondence  with  John 
Wilkes,  and  other  communications  to  Woodfall's  Public 
Advertiser,  under  various  signatures,  ascribed  to  him  with 
more  or  less  probability  of  truth.  The  period  during  which 
the  Letters  of  Junius  and  those  thus  ascribed  to  him  were 
written  extends  from  the  letter  of  Poplicola,  28ih  April, 
1767,  to  the  letter  of  Nemesis,  May  12,  1772.  Woodfall's 
edition  contains — 

I.  The  Letters  of  Junius  distinctively  so  called,  and  ac- 
knowledged by  him,  dated  January  21,  1769,  to  January 
21,  1772. 

Of  the  69  Letters  in  this  series,  59  were  written  by  Ju- 
nius,- of  which  44  bear  the  signature  of  Junius,  and  15 
the  signature  of  Philo- Junius.  Of  the  44  letters  signed 
Junius,  the  titles  are  as  follows : 

To  the  Printer  of  the  Public  Advertiser 10 

"    Sir  Wm.  Draper 5 

"   the  Duke  of  Grafton 11 

"    Edward  Weston 1 

"   Dr.  Wm.  Blackstone 1 

On  Walpole's  Case 1 

To  the  Duke  of  Bedford 1 

On  the  Rescue  of  General  Gansel 1 

On  Mudestus 1 

Address  to  the  King 1 

Retrospect  of  Parliamentary  Session 1 

To  Lord  North 1 

**    Chief-Justice  Mansfield S 

On  the  Falkland  Islands 1 

On  Privileges  of  Parliament 1 

On  Parliamentary  Resolutions 1 

To  the  Rev.  Mr.  Home 1 

"     *'    Livery  of  London 1 

"   Lord  Camden 1 

IT 

Of  the  15  Letters  signed  Philo-Junius  (really  written  by 
Junius)  the  titles  are  as  follows  : 

On  Walpole's  Case 1 

'*    the  Spanish  Convention 1 

To  the  Printer  of  the  Public  Advertiser 10 

"   Modestus 1 

"    Zeno 1 

"   an  Advocate  in  the  Cause  of  the  People...     1 

U 
Of  the  other  10  Letters  the  titles  are  : 

Sir  Wm.  Draper  to  the  Printer  of  the  Public 

Advertiser 1 

Sir  Wm.  Draper  to  Junius 4 

The  Rev.  Mr.  Home  to  Junius 3 

A  Friend  of  Junius 1 

On  behalf  of  Junius:  anonymous 1 

"lO 

II.  Junius's  Private  Letters  to  Mr.  H.  S.  Woodfall,  dated 
April  20,  1769,  to  Janu.ary  19,  1773.  In  this  series  there 
are  64  Letters  and  Notes,  62  of  which  are  addressed  by 
Junius  to  Woodfall,  1  to  David  Garrick,  and  the  other  {the 
conclusion  of  the  series)  is  a  letter  of  Woodfall's  to  Junius, 
dated  March  7,  1773. 

III.  Junius's  Confidential  Correspondence  with  John 
Wilkes,  containing  18  Letters,  10  of  which  are  written  by 
Junius,  and  8  by  Wilkes,  'fhese  letters  are  dated  21st 
August,  1771,  to  January  15,  1772. 

IV.  The  Miscellaneous  Letters  ascribed  to  Junius,  under 
various  signatures,  consisting  of  113  letters  and  papers, 
28th  April,  1769,  to  May  12,  1772,  which  occupy  part  of 
the  second  and  the  whole  of  the  third  volumes.  The  au- 
thenticity of  many  of  these  productions  is  very  question- 
able. Prefixed  to  this  edition,  which  is  illustrated  by 
notes,  is  an  admirable  Preliminary  Essay  on  Junius  and 
his  Writings,  by  the  editor,  John  Mason  Good,  M.D. 

A  new  edition  of  the  issue  of  1812  was  published  in 
1850,  2  vols.  12mo,  which  contains  much  additional  matter 
of  great  value.  This  forms  part  of  Bohn's  Standard  Li- 
brary, and  is  edited  by  John  Wade,  who  favours  us  with 
New  Evidence  as  to  the  Authorship,  and  a  portion  of  an 
Analysis,  by  the  late  Sir  N.  Harris  Nicolas.  Mr.  Wade 
makes  out  a  strong  case  for  the  claim  of  Sir  Philip  Francis. 
There  are,  however,  some  grave  objections  to  this  hypo- 

1002 


JUN 

tTieoia,  which  we  hardly  expect  to  see  surmounted.  See, 
in  addition  to  .authorities  to  be  cited  bererifter,  London 
Athena;um,  1850,  125,  154,  863,  939,  969,  993,  1021,  1071. 
The  curious  reader  will  be  glad  to  see  a  list  of  the  most 
prominent  names  of  those  to  whom  the  Letters  of  Junius 
have  been  at  one  time  or  another  ascribed  : 


1.  Adair,  Mr.  Serjeant. 

2.  Barre,  Col.  Isaac. 

3.  Boyd,  Hugh  Macauley. 

4.  Burke,  Edmund. 

5.  Butler,  Bishop. 

6.  Camden,  Lord. 

7.  Chatham.   Lord. 

8.  Chesterfield,  Lord. 

9.  De  Lolme,  M. 

10.  Dunning.LordAshburton. 

11.  Dyer,  Samuel. 

12.  Flood,  Henry. 

13.  Francis,  Philip,  D.D. 

14.  Francis,  Sir  Philip. 

15.  Gibbon,  Edward. 

16.  Glover,  Richard. 

17.  Grattan,  Henry. 

18.  Greatrakes,  Wm. 

19.  Grenville,  Geo. 

20.  Grenville,  James. 

21.  H.amilton,  Wm.  Gerard. 

22.  Hollis,  James. 


23.  Jones,  Sir  Wm. 

24.  Kent,  John. 
Lee,  General  Charles. 

26.  Lloyd.  Charles. 
7.  Lyttelton,  Lord  Thos. 

28.  Macleary,  Laugblin. 

29.  Portland,  Duke  of. 

30.  Pownall,  Gov.  Thomas. 

31.  Rich,  Sir  Robert. 

32.  Roberts,  John. 

33.  Rosenhagen,  Rev.  Philip. 

34.  Sackville,  Lord   George, 
afterwardsLord  Germain. 

35.  Shelburne,  EarL 

36.  Temple,  Earl. 

37.  Tooke,  Jno.  Home. 

38.  Walpole,  Horace. 

39.  Wilkes,  John. 

40.  Wedderburn,  Alex.  (Lord 

Loughborough.) 

41.  Wilmot,  James,  D.D. 

42.  Wray,  Daniel. 


Of  the  42  names  above  enumerated,  the  claims  of  13 — 
viz. :  Boyd.  Burke,  Bishop  Butler,  Dunning,  Dyer.  Flood, 
General  Lee,  Lloyd,  Roberts,  Rosenhagen,  and  Lord  George 
Sackville — are  carefully  examined  by  Dr.  Good  in  his  cele- 
brated preliminary  essay,  and  all  are  decidedly  rejected. 
As  the  question  now  stands,  the  sifting  of  zealous  and 
learned  controversy  has  spared  but  three  names  out  of  all 
those  for  whom  the  authorship  has  from  time  to  timo  been 
claimed, — viz. : 

I.  Sir  Philip  Francis. 
II.  LoKD  George  Sackville,  afterwards  Lord  Ger- 
main. 
III.  Colonel  Isaac  Barke. 

The  claims  of  the  last  two  candidates  in  the  field,  Sir 
Robert  Rich  and  Gov.  Thos.  Pownall,  have  been  recently 
brought  prominently  forward, — those  of  the  former  by  Mr. 
Ayerst,  in  1853,  and  of  the  latter  by  Mr.  Frederick  Grifhn, 
of  Montreal,  in  1854.  Mr.  Dowe,  indeed,  has  within  the 
last  few  months  announced  new  discoveries  in  favour  of 
the  claims  of  the  Earl  of  Chatham,  but  in  the  present  stage 
of  the  question — for  Mr.  Dowe's  book  is  hardly  yet  fairly 
before  the  world — we  do  not  feel  justified  in  adding  his 
lordship's  name  to  the  three  who  still  exhibit  indications 
of  vitality  after  enduring  the  targets  of  a  keen  literary 
battle  of  fourscore  years'  duration. 

We  shall  presently  give  a  list  of  publications  connected 
with  the  Junius  coutroversy,  but  it  may  be  proper  here 
briefly  to  refer  to  some  prominent  pleas  for  the  respective 
claims  of  the  three  above  named. 

I.  Sir  Philip  Francis.  1.  The  Identity  of  Junius  with 
a  distinguished  LivingCharacter,  by  Mr.  John  Taylor,  Lon., 
1S16.  Svo.  2.  A  Supplement  to  Junius  Identified,  consist- 
ing of  Fac-Similes  of  Handwriting,  and  other  Illustrations, 
1817,  Svo.  3.  Review  of  the  two  preceding,  by  Lord  Broug- 
ham, Edin.  Rev.,  November,  1817,  xxix.  94.  His  lordship 
thus  sums  up  the  evidence  presented  by  Mr.  Taylor : 

"  That  it  proves  Sir  Philip  to  be  Junius,  we  will  not  atfirm ;  but 
this  we  can  safL-iy  assert,  that  it  accumulates  such  a  m.ass  of  cir- 
cumstantial cvidL-uce  as  rcuders  it  extremely  ditficult  to  behove 
he  is  not;  and  that,  if  so  many  coincidences  shall  be  found  to  have 
mibleti  us  in  tliis  case,  our  taith  in  all  conclusions  drawn  from  proofs 
of  a  sin\il;u-  kind  may  henceforth  be  shaken." 

4.  Letter  of  Sir  James  Mackintosh  to  John  Murray,  Sr., 
Nov.  28, 1824.  See  No.  10.  5.  Argument  by  Thomas  De 
Quinccy,  in  his  Literary  Reminiscences,  vol.  ii.,  being  vol. 
vii.  (chap,  xxii.)  of  Ticknor,  Reed  &  Field's  edit,  of  De 
Quincey's  works.  6.  Argument  by  T.  B.  Macaulay,  in  his 
review  of  Gleig's  Life  of  Warren  Hastings,  Edin.  Rev., 
Oct  1841.  Ixxiv.  160.  7.  Letter  of  Lady  Francis  (widow 
of  Sir  Philip)  to  Lord  Campbell,  inserted  in  bis  lordship's 
Lives  of  the  Lord-Chancellors,  vol.  vi.  p.  344.  8.  The 
History  and  Discovery  of  Junius,  by  John  Wade,  in  his 
edit,  of  the  Letters  of  Junius,  1850,  2  vols.  8vo,  before  re- 
ferred to.  9.  Some  New  Facts  and  a  suggested  New  Theory 
as  to  the  Authorship  of  the  Letters  of  Junius,  by  Sir  For- 
tunalus  Dwarris,  Knt,  Lon.,  1850.  Privately  printed.  Sea 
London  Athenajum,  1850,  939,  909,  993.  10,  Argument 
by  Lord  Mahon,  in  his  History  of  England  from  the 
Peace  of  Utrecht,  vol.  v.  320-340,  1851.  Nos.  4  and  11  are 
printed  in  this  work.    11.  Letter  of  T.  B.  Macaulay  to  John 


JUN 


JUN 


Murray,  Jr.,  dated  at  the  Albany,  Jan.  .3, 1852.  See  No.  10.  ] 
This  refers  to  the  famous  article  in  the  London  Quar.  Rev.  for  i 
Dec.  1851,  xc.  91,  advocating  the  claims  of  Lord  Thomas  j 
Lyttelton  to  the  authorship  of  Junius,  and  rejecting  alto-  | 
gether  the  pleas  urged  in  favour  of  Sir  Philip  Francis,  i 
But  Lord  Lyttletuu's  claims  have  been  since  set  aside,  (see  | 
London  Athenaeum.)  and  the  question  remains  status  quo 
ante  helium.  In  the  letter  above  referred  to,  Mr.  Macaulay 
remarks: 

*'But,  in  truth,  the  strongest  arguments  against  the  Reviewers' 
theory  are  the  arguments  which,  in  my  opinion,  prove  that  Francis 
•v/'dM  thti  autlinr  of  tlie  letters." 

Wr.  Macaulay  despatches  the  claims  of  five  celebrated 
names — elaims  which  have  been  urged  with  much  perti- 
nacity and  some  of  them  at  great  length — in  as  many 
lines : 

"Lord  Lyttleton's  claims  to  the  authorship  of  Junius  are  better 
than  those  of  Burke  or  Barr6,  and  quite  as  good  as  those  of  Lord 
George  Sackville  or  Single-Speech  Hamilton.  But  the  case  against 
Francis,  or,  if  you  please,  in  favour  of  Francis,  rests  on  grounds  of 
a  very  diffureut  kind,  and  on  coincidences  such  as  would  be  suffi- 
cient to  convict  a  murderer." 

IL  Lord  George  Sackville,  afterwards  Loud  Ger- 
main. We  need  here  only  refer  to  George  Coventry's  Cri- 
tical Inquiry  regarding  the  real  author  of  the  Letters  of 
Junius,  proving  them  to  have  been  written  by  Lord  Viscount 
Sackville,  1825,  8vo.  This  theory  was  sustained  in  a  work 
pub.  in  Boston,  U.  States,  in  1828,  entitled  Junius  Un- 
masked, or  Lord  George  Sackville  proved  to  be  Junius, 
and  in  a  review  of  this  vol.  in  the  N.American  Rev.,  xxix. 
315,  by  G.B.  Checver.  Charles  Butler  (see  his  Reminis- 
cences) supposes  Lord  Sackville  to  have  been  the  author 
of  Junius,  and  Sir  Philip  Francis  his  amanuensis  and  oc- 
casional assistant.  Mr.  Jaques,  in  his  History  of  Junius 
and  his  Works,  and  a  Review  of  the  Controversy,  18-43, 
8vo,  adopts  this  theory,  and  adds  D'Oyly — Francis's  fel- 
low-clerk in  the  War-Office — as  a  connecting-link  beween 
Lord  Sackville  and  Francis. 

III.  Colonel  Isaac  Barre.  Mr.  John  Britton,  in  his 
Authorship  of  the  Letters  of  Junius  Elucidated,  1848,  r. 
Svo,  earnestly  contends  that  Colonel  Barre  was  Junius,  and 
that  he  was  assisted  by  Lord  Shelburno  and  Mr.  Dunning. 
In  an  article  pub.  in  the  London  Morning  Herald  in  1813, 
the  opinion  was  expressed  that  the  Earl  of  Shelburne  was 
Junius,  and  that  he  was  assisted  by  Barre  and  Dunning. 
This  work  is  noticed  by  the  author  of  the  article  in  the 
London  Quar.  Rev.,  xc.  91,  before  referred  to,  as 
''a  curious  instance  of  the  delusion  to  which  ingenious  men  may 
resign  themselves  when  they  have  a  favourite  opinion  to  uphold.'' 

An  elaborate  review  of  Mr.  Britten's  work  will  be  found 
in  the  Loudon  Athenaeum,  July  22  and  29,  1S4S.  And  see 
other  articles  referred  to  in  the  course  of  the  present  notice. 

We  shall  now  proceed  to  give  a  list  of  publications  con- 
nected with  this  perplexing  subject,  which  to  the  minds 
of  many  of  the  most  intelligent  readers  of  the  day  is  as 
much  a  mystery  as  it  was  to  their  grandfathers.  Whether 
this  cloud  will  ever  be  lifted  from  the  name  is  now  doubt- 
ful. Indeed,  it  is  difficult  to  imagine  in  what  way  the 
authorship  of  the  Letters  of  Junius  can  ever  be  satisfac- 
torily proved,  presuming  that  the  claims  of  the  real  author 
have  been,  or  shall  hereafter  be,  presented  to  the  public 
for  acceptance.  If  the  arguments  in  favour  of  the  author- 
ship of  Sir  Philip  Francis,  or  Lord  Sackville,  or  both  com- 
bined, be  insufficient  to  gain  credence,  what  amount  of 
evidence  can  identify  the  real  author?  Certain  it  is  that 
against  even  Junius  himself,  whoever  he  may  be,  many 
probabilities  will  apparently  exist.  It  can  be  only  by  the 
preponderance  of  favourable  testimony  that  any  such 
claim  can  be  est-ablished.  Not  a  year  elapses  iu  which 
some  man  is  not  hanged  on  less  evidence  than  has  been 
adduced  in  favour  of  more  than  one  of  the  claimants  of 
the  authorship  of  the  Letters  of  Junius.  But  we  must 
proceed  with  our  list  of  publications. 

1769.  1.  An  Impartial  Answer  to  the  Doctrine  delivered 
in  a  Letter  which  appeared  in  the  Public  Advertiser  under 
the  signature  of  Junius.  By  Charles  Fearne,  Svo.  2.  In- 
teresting Letters  selected  from  the  Correspondence  of 
Messrs.  Wilkes,  Home,  Beckford,  and  Junius,  8vo.  3.  A 
Collect,  of  the  Letters  of  Atticus,  Lucius,  Junius,  and 
others;  with  Observ.  and  Notes,  Svo.  4.  The  Political 
Contest;  being  a  Cent,  of  Junius's  Letters  from  the  6th 
of  July  to  the  present  time,  Svo.  5.  The  Political  Contest; 
containing  a  Series  of  Letters  between  Junius  and  Sir  Will. 
Draper;  also  the  whole  of  Junius's  Letters  to  his  Grace 
the  J)--^  of  G-^-**-^^^S  Svo. 

1770.  6.  An  Address'to  Junius  upon  the  subject  of  his 
Letter  in  the  Public  Advertiser,  Dec.  10,  17C9,  Svo.  In 
this  address  the  Letters  are  attributed  to  Wilkes. 

1771.  7.  Letters  addressed  to  the  King,  the  Duke  of 


Grafton,  the  Earls  of  Chesterfield  and  Sandwich,  Lord 
Barrington,  Junius,  and  the  Rev.  Mr.  Home,  under  the 
signature  of  P.  P.  S.,  Svo.  8.  An  Answer  to  Junius,  Svo. 
9.  The  Trial  of  John  Almon,  Bookseller,  for  selling  Ju- 
nius's Letters  to  the  K — g,  Svo.  10.  The  Genuine  Letters 
of  Junius,  and  Anecdotes  of  the  Author.  The  compiler 
attributes  the  letters  to  Edmund  Burke. 

1772.  11.  Woodfall's — tho  first  authorized — edit,  of  the 
Letters  of  Junius,  2  vols.  sm.  Svo. 

1774.     12.  Epistle  to  Junius,  by  Bcnj.  Hughes,  4to. 

1778.  13.  Serious  Letter  to  the  Public,  by  Junius,  8vo* 
Fictitious. 

1788.  14.  Anecdotes  of  Junius:  to  which  is  prefixed 
the  King's  Reply,  Svo. 

1789.  15.  Junius  Discovered,  by  P.  T.,  Svo.  Junius  ia 
supposed  to  be  John  Home  Tooke. 

1794.     16.  Letters  of  Junius,  2  vols.  Svo. 

1797.  17.  Letters  of  Junius,  2  vols.  Svo,  Bensley's 
beautiful  ed.,  illustrated  by  portraits.  A  copy  on  vellum 
was  sold  at  auction  in  London  in  1804  for  £25  As. 

1799.  IS.  Letter  of  Charles  Butler,  dated  July,  1799, 
giving  an  account  of  the  inquiries  of  John  Wilkes  and 
himself  relative  to  the  authorship  of  Junius.  Repub., 
with  addits.,  in  Butler's  Reminiscences,  1822. 

1800.  19.  Geo.  Chalmers's  Append,  to  his  Supp.  Apo- 
logy; being  the  documents  for  the  opinion  that  Hugh 
McAuley  Boyd  wrote  Junius's  Letters,  Svo.  See  1817, 
No.  41, 

1801.  20.  Junius's  Letters,  with  portraits,  2  vols.  Svo. 
Printed  by  Bensley. 

1803.  21.  St.  Jameses  Chronicle,  Apl.  16.  T.  Rodney's 
account  (extracted  from  tho  Wilmington,  Del.,  Mirror) 
of  Genl.  Lee's  assertion  that  he  was  Junius. 

1808.  22.  Reasons  for  rejecting  the  presumptive  Evi- 
dence of  Mr.  Almon  that  Boyd  was  Junius,  with  Passages 
selected  to  prove  the  real  author  of  the  Letters  of  Junius. 
This  is  Dr.  GirJlestone's  pamphlet,  and  endeavours  to  show 
that  Gen.  Charles  Lee  was  Junius. 

1809.  23.  Another  guess  at  Junius,  and  a  Dialogue, 
Svo.     An  attempt  to  prove  that  Lord  Chatham  was  Junius. 

1810.  24.  Junius's  Letters,  with  Portraits,  r.  Svo. 
1S12.     25.  The  Letters  of  Junius,  including  Letters  by 

the  same  Writer,  under  other  signatures,  (now  first  col- 
lected.) To  which  are  added  confidential  Corresp.  with 
Mr.  Wilkes,  and  his  private  Letters  to  H.  S.  Woodfall,  with 
a  Preliminary  Essay,  [by  John  Mason  Good,  M.D.,]  Notes, 
Fac-simileSj  Ac,  3  vols.  Svo.  Repub,  in  Phila.,  1813,  2 
vols.  Svo, 

1813.  26.  An  Attempt  to  ascertain  the  author  of  Ju- 
nius's Letters,  Svo.  By  the  Rev.  John  B.  Blakeaway.  Mr. 
B.  advocates  the  claims  of  John  Home  Tooke.  See  1815, 
No.  36.  27.  An  Inquiry  concerning  the  Author  of  the 
Letters  of  Junius,  in  which  it  is  proved,  by  internal  as  well 
as  direct  and  satisfactory  Evidence,  that  they  were  written 
by  the  Hon.  Edmund  Burke,  Svo.  By  John  Roche.  28. 
Facts  tending  to  prove  that  Genl.  Lee  was  the  Author  of 
Junius.  By  T,  Girdlestoue,  M.D.  See  180S,  No.  22.  29. 
The  Life  of  the  Author  of  Junius's  Letters,  the  Rev.  James 
Wilmot,  D.D.  With  portrait,  fac-similes,  etc.,  Svo.  By 
Olivia  Wilmot  Serres.  30.  A  Discovery  of  the  Author  of  the 
Letters  of  Junius,  Svo.  This  is  John  Taylor's  first  publica- 
tion on  the  subject,  and  attributes  the  authorship  to  Philip 
Francis,  D.D.,  father  of  Sir  Philip  Francis.  See  1816, 
No.  37.  31.  The  Letters  of  Junius,  illustrated  by  Howard 
Bocquet,  from  original  paintings.  A  beautiful  ed.,  with 
12  portraits.  32.  Memoirs,  by  a  celebrated  Literary  and 
Political  Character,  [Richard  Glover,]  1742-57,  Svo.  By 
Richard  Duppa. 

1814.  33.  An  Inquiry  concerning  the  Author  of  tho 
Letters  of  Junius,  with  Reference  to  the  Memoirs,  [see 
1813,  No.  32,]  Ac,  Svo.  An  attempt  to  prove  that  Richard 
Glover  was  the  author.  34.  An  Inquiry  into  the  Author 
of  the  Letters  of  Junius.  35,  Second  ed,  of  H.  S.  Wood- 
fall's  ed.  of  1812,  3  vols.  Svo. 

1815.  36.  Sequel  of  An  Attempt  to  discover  Junius, 
by  the  Rev.  J.  B.  Blakeaway.     See  1813,  No.  26. 

1816.  37.  The  Identity  of  Junius  with  a  distinguished 
Living  Character  [Sir  Philip  Francis]  established.  By  John 
Taylor.  See  1813,  No.  30.  This  is  the  first  attempt  to  fix 
the  authorship  upon  Sir  Philip  Francis.  See  the  preceding 
references  to  this  branch  of  the  controversy,  under  the  title 
of  I.  Sir  Philip  Francis,  and  to  London  Atheuajum, 
Oct.  8,  1850;  consult  also  Index  to  Notes  and  Queries,  and 
to  the  Athenaium  for  1850.  Especially  see  Mr.  Taylor's 
letters  to  Notes  and  Queries,  Sept.  7,  1850.  38.  Arguments 
and  Facts  proving  that  the  Letters  of  Junius  were  written 
by  John  Lewis  De  Lolme.     By  Tho.  Busby,  Mus.  D.,  Svo. 

1003 


JUN 


.TON 


3'9.  Letters  to  a  Nobleman,  proving  a  late  Prime  Minister 
[tho  Duke  of  Portbind]  to  have  been  Junius,  and  deve- 
loping the  secret  motives  which  induced  him  to  write 
under  that  and  other  signatures,  with  an  Appendix,  8vo. 

1817.  40.  A  Supp.  to  Junius  Identified.  HyJohnTay- 
lor.  Consisting  of  Fac-similes  of  Handwriting  and  other 
Illustrations,  Svo.  A  2d  ed.  of  this  and  of  No.  37  was  pub. 
in  1818.  See  1816,  No.  37.  41.  The  Author  of  Junius 
ascertained  from  a  concatenation  of  circumstances,  amount- 
ing to  moral  demonstration,  Svo.  By  George  Chalmers. 
This  is  a  republication,  with  new  facts,  <tc.,  of  the  argu- 
ments in  favour  of  H.  M.  Boyd.  See  1800,  No.  19.  Re- 
printed in  1819,  with  a  new  title-page  and  a  postscript. 

42.  An  Attempt  to  ascertain  the  Author  of  Junius,  8vo. 

43.  Junius:  Sir  Philip  Francis  Denied:  a  Letter  addressed 
to  the  British  Nation,  by  Olivia  Wilmot  Serres,  Svo. 

1819.  44.  Junius  Unmasked:  a  well-known  and  most 
eminent  Literary  Character  of  the  last  Century,  1819. 
This  is  an  argument  in  favour  of  Gibbon  the  historian. 

45.  A  Refutation  of  tho  Claims  preferred  for  Sir  Philip 
Francis  and  Mr.  (jibbon  to  the  Letters  of  Junius,  1819. 

46.  Junius,  witi  his  Visor  Up!  1819.  A  burlesque  in 
favour  of  Suett,  the  Comedian.  47.  Another  Guess  at 
Junius,  (1819?) 

1821.  48.  The  Author  of  Junius  discovered  in  the  Per- 
son of  the  celebrated  Earl  of  Chesterfield,  Svo;  and  1823. 

1822.  49.  The  Lettors  of  Junius,  with  Preliminary  Dis- 
sertatations  and  Copious  Notes.  By  Atticus  Secundus, 
Svo.     This  author  coincides  with  John  Taylor. 

1823.  50.  The  Claims  of  Sir  Philip  Francis,  with  a 
Supp.  to  Junius  Discovered,  Svo. 

1825.  51.  A  Critical  Enquiry  regarding  the  real  author 
of  the  Letters  of  Junius,  proving  them  to  have  been  writ- 
ten by  Lord  Viscount  SackviUe.  By  George  Coventry,  Svo. 
It  is  asserted  that  Coventry  changed  his  views,  aud  pub. 
a  pamphlet  in  support  of  the  claims  of  Sir  Philip  Francis. 
But  this  appears  to  be  doubtful. 

1826.  52.  Junius  proved  to  have  been  Burke:  with  an 
Outline  of  his  Biography,  Svo.  We  may  here  mention 
also  (53.)  Junius's  Political  Axioms,  Svo,  and  (54.)  A  Great 
Personage  proved  to  have  been  Junius,  Svo. 

1828.  55.  Junius  Unmasked ;  or,  Lord  George  SackviUe 
proved  to  be  Junius.  This  anonymous  work,  pub.  at  Bos- 
ton, Mass.,  is  based  upon  Coventry's  argument  in  favour 
of  Lord  George  SackviUe.  See  ante,  1825.  No.  51.  56. 
Letters  on  the  Author  of  Junius.  By  E.  II.  Barker,  12mo. 
This  work  opposes  the  claims  of  Sir  Philip  Francis,  and 
advocates  those  of  Charles  Lloyd.  57.  Memoirs  of  John 
Home  Tooke,  and  also  containing  proofs  identifying  him 
as  the  author  of  the  celebrated  Letters  of  Junius.  By  Dr. 
Graham;  pub.  in  N.  York. 

1829.  58.  Junius's  Posthumous  Works;  with  an  Inquiry 
respecting  the  Author,  and  a  sketch  of  the  Life  of  John 
Home  Tooke,  Svo.  Pub.  in  N.  York.  Advocates  the  claims 
of  Tooke. 

1830.  59.  The  Secret  Revealed  of  the  Authorship  of 
Junius's  Letters.  By  James  Falconar,  Jun.,  Esq.  Advo- 
cates the  claims  of  Daniel  Wray. 

1S31.  60.  An  Essay  on  Junius  and  his  Letters.  By  Benj. 
Waterhouse,  M.D.  This  work,  pub.  at  Boston,  Mass.,  ad- 
vocates the  claims  of  the  Earl  of  Chatham.  61.  Letters 
on  Junius,  addressed  to  John  Pickering,  Esq..  shewing  that 
the  author  of  that  celebrated  work  was  Lord  Temple.  By 
Isaac  Newhall.     Pub.  at  Boston. 

1833.     62.  Junius,  Lord  Chatham,  <tc.  By  John  Swinden. 

1S37.  63.  Who  was  Junius?  Auon.  In  favour  of 
Lord  Chatham's  claims. 

1841.  64.  Letter  to  an  Hon.  Brig.-Genl.,  [Lord  Towns- 
hend :]  repub.  by  N.  W.  Simons,  1S43, 12mo.  This  Letter, 
ascribed  to  Junius  by  Mr.  Simons,  was  originally  pub.  in 
1760.  Mr.  Simons  argues  against  the  claims  of  Sir  Philip 
Francis. 

1843.  65.  The  History  of  Junius  and  his  Works;  and 
a  Review  of  the  Controversy  respecting  the  Identity  of 
Junius.  By  John  Jaques,  Svo.  See  the  preceding  remarks 
under  II.  Lohd  George  Sackville. 

1848.  66.  The  Authorship  of  the  Letters  of  Junius 
Elucidated.  By  John  Britton,  1848,  r.  Svo.  .See  the  pre- 
ceding remarks  under  III.  Colonel  Isaac  Baure. 

1850.  67.  H.  G.  Bohn's  ed.  of  Junius,  edited  by  John 
Wade,  2  vols.  Svo.  See  the  preceding  remarks  under  I. 
Sir  Philip  Francis.  6S.  Some  New  Facts  and  a  sug- 
gested New  Theory  as  to  the  authorship  of  the  Letters  of 
Junius.  By  Sir  Fortunatus  Dwavris,  Knt.  Privately 
printed.  Refer  according  to  last  article.  69.  Junius  and 
his  Works  compared  with  the  Earl  of  Chesterfield,  by  W. 
Cramp,  Svo. 
1004 


1.851.  70.  Postscript  to  No.  69,  with  Fac-simile  letters 
of  Junius,  Lord  Chesterfield,  and  Mrs.  C.  DayroUes,  Ac. 

1853.  71.  The  Ghost  of  Junius,  ic.  By  Mr.  Ayerst. 
In  favour  of  the  claims  of  Lieut.-Genl.  Sir  Robert  Rich, 
Bart. 

1S54.  72.  Junius  Discovered.  By  F.  Griffin,  at  Boston, 
Mass.,  1857,  12mo.  Mr.  Griflin  advocates  the  claims  of 
Gov.  Thos.  Pownall.  73.  Junius — Lord  Chatham,  <tc.,  by 
William  Dowe,  N.  York,  1857.  12mo.  A  review  of  the 
works  of  Mr.  Griffin  and  Mr.  Dowe  will  be  found  in  the 
Lon.  Athcn.,  July  17,  1858.  The  tone  of  the  critique  is 
indicated  in  the  opening  paragraph  : 

"Two  more  volumes  of  mere  speculation,  both  from  tho  other 
Bide  of  the  Atlautic." 

74.  Tho  Beauties  and  Maxims  of  Junius,  by  Lye,  and 
75,  the  Selection  of  Aphorisms,  by  Fisher,  being  merely 
compilations,  need  be  barely  referred  to.  The  notes  to 
Heron's  edit,  of  Junius  are  worthy  of  attention.  The 
reader  will  find  much  ingenious  criticism,  and  many  plau- 
sible aiipposiliont,  in  several  of  the  following  articles  enu- 
merated in  Poole's  Index  to  Periodical  Literature. 

I.  Adtiiorship  of  jDNirs  :  1.  Edin.  Rev.,  xxix.  94,  (by 
Lord  Brougham.)  A  writer  in  the  Lon.  Gent.  Mag.  (Dec. 
1S45,  p.  587)  ascribes  this  article  to  Sir  Jas.  Mackintosh  ; 
but  he  is  in  error :  Lord  Brougham  has  recently  repub.  it 
in  bis  Contributions  to  the  Edin.  Rev.,  Lon.  and  Glasg., 
1856,  iii.  338-361.  2.  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  xxix.  316,  (by  G.  B. 
Cheever.)  3.  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  xxxiv.  316,  (by  D.  L.  Child.) 
4.  N.  Brit.  Rev.,  x.  52 ;  same  art.  in  N.  Y'ork  Eclec.  Mag., 
xvi.  160.  5.  Amer.  Month.  Rev.,  i.  33.  6.  N.  Eug.  Mag., 
i.  54.  7.  Blackw.  Mag.,  xviii.  164.  8.  Blackw.  M.ag.,  xxxiv. 
209.  9.  Lon.  Month.  Rev.,  Ixxxii.  69.  10.  Lon.  Month. 
Rev.,  evil.  354.  11.  Amer.Whig  Rev.,  xiii.  484.  12.  Amer. 
Whig  Rev.,  xiv.  35.  13.  Boston  Living  Age,  xxvii.  567; 
(from  the  Loudon  Spectator.)  14.  Phila.  Museum  of  For. 
Lit.,  vii.  473.     15.  Lon.  Quar.  Rev.,  xo.  49. 

II.  Identity  op  Junius:  16.  Dubl.  Univ.  Mag.,  xL  20; 
same  art.,  Boston  Living  Age,  xxxiv.  385. 

III.  Junius  Identified;  17.  Boston  Living  Age,  xxvii, 
2S1. 

IV.  Letters  ov  Junius  :  18.  N.  Amer.  Rev.,  It.  419, 
(by  C.  F.  Adams.) 

V.  Waterhouse's  Essay  on  Junius  :  19.  Charleston 
South.  Rev.,  vii.  486.  20.  Boston  Chris.  Exam.,  x.  256,  (by 
H.  Ware,  Jr.) 

VI.  Woodfall's  EssAT  ON  Junius:  21.  Phila.  Analeo. 
Mag.,  ii.  1. 

VII.  22.  Arguments  in  favour  of  the  claims  of  Lacblan 
McLane  to  the  authorship  of  Junius,  in  Waldie's  (Phila- 
delphia) Library,  (by  John  Jay  Smith,  editor.) 

In  addition  to  these,  the  reader  will  find  many  excellent 

articles  upon  the  general  question,  or  specialties  connected 
with  it,  in  ihe  London  Athenffium,  Blackwood's  Mag.,  (see 
Index  to  vols,  i.-l.,)  and  other  periodicals.  We  would  par- 
ticularly instance  a  paper  entitled.  Sir  Philip  Francis 
not  Junius,  in  the  Lon.  Gent.  Mag.,  Feb.  1842,  166-168; 
and  one  by  John  Foster,  entitled  Who  was  Junius?  (a  re- 
view of  Woodfall's  ed.  of  Junius,  1813,  Svo,)  in  the  Lon. 
Eclec.  Mag.,  Feb.  and  April,  1813;  repub.  in  Foster's  Critical 
Essays,  Lon.,  1856,  vol.  ii.  72-105.  We  presume,  however, 
that  tho  reader  will  be  satisfied  with  the  bill  of  fare  thus 
presented  to  him;  and,  as  a  stimulus  to  his  investigations, 
we  can  assure  him  that  those  who  have  most  thoroughly 
explored  the  field  are  generally  those  who  avow  themselves 
to  be  most  in  the  d.ark  upon  the  subject.  After  espousing 
aud  warmly  advocating  half  a  dozen  theories  on  the  sub- 
ject, they  usually  end  with  no  theory  at  .all.  Poor  Sir  N. 
Harris  Nicolas,  after  diligently  posting  for  m.any  years, 
in  mercantile-ledger  style,  the  pros  and  cons  in  the  Junius 
Papers,  arrived  at  this  very  satisfactory  result : 

"  So  far  from  having  any  theory  of  our  owu  on  Junius's  identity, 
we  are  as  entirely  free  from  bias  on  the  subject,  and  confess  ourselves 
as  profouudly  ignorant  of  tlie  authorship  of  those  celebrated  Let- 
ters, as  if,  instead  of  having  for  many  years  constantly  had  the 
question  in  our  mind,  and  h.aving  read,  we  believe,  nearly  every 
thing  that  has  been  written  on  the  point,  we  had  never  bestowed 
a  tliought  on  the  matter.  We  have  indeed  a  strong  impression  that 
Junius  w;is  not  any  one  of  tho  numerous  persons  heretofore  80 

I  confidently  brought  forward." 

I  Not  satisfied  with  this  home-thrust  at  the  "  confident" 
Junius-discoverers,  the  worthy  knight,  wrought  up  to  a 
high  pitch  of  indignation  by  his  ill-success,  which  forced 
him  to  speak  his  mind  without  restraint,  proceeds  in  the 

1  following  complimentary  strain: 

**  However  stiirtliug  the  idea  may  he  to  the  many  pseudo-dis- 
coverers of  Junius  on  both  sides  of  the  Atlantic,  we  found  much  of 
the  claim  of  our  observations  to  .attention  in  the  very  fiu;t  of  our 
having  no  Junius  o/ourown,aadon  oixv  disbelief  in  each  oftheiTS." 
When  wo  remember  the  eminence  of  Sir  N.  H.  Nicolas 


JUN 


JYL 


as  an  antiquary,  and  the  fact  that  the  above  was  written 
as  lately  as  1843,  we  may  estimate  the  probability  of  suc- 
cess in  Junius-hunting.  But  Mr.  Wade  is  quite  confident 
that  ho  has  bagged  the  game ;  and  perhaps  he  has. 

Dr.  John  Mason  Good  concluded  his  investigations  in 
1812,  in  utter  despair,  and  fifteen  years  later,  only  a  few 
weeks  before  his  death,  writes  to  Mr.  Barker,  respecting  this 
perplexing  question, 

"Many  years  ago.  as  you  perhaps  may  be  aware,  I  entered  at  full 
speed  into'this  research,  and  beat  the  Inish  in  every  direction.  At 
that  time,  however,  the  claims  of  Sir  Philip  Francis  had  not  been 
advanced,  at  h:;l^t  not  1.^1^1,.  t!i-piiMi>\  Hut  h;id  th.'y  ti.-i'U  broutilit 
forward,  the  ar!:;iiiiiriil--  l'\  \'.  111.  Ii  it  is  ul-vjmis  tlu-y  iiiav  l->'' iiirt. 
andmaiiyof  wlii.h  vmi  |,;,\,-  \  ..ui.r  Ifahly  liuinlli^d.  w.-uld.  I  think, 
have  succeeded  ill  puttLUi;  iiiiii  as  o>iiipi.arly  out  mI"  the  li»t  as  all 
the  other  camiietil"is  :ipi'r;ti-  to  be  put  wliosi-  tiiriids  have  under- 
taken to  brin^'  tliem  forw^ud.  The  .lursti-.u  is  Tievrlbeless  one  of 
great  interest  as  well  uii  tlie  score  uf  national  hi-sturyas  of  lite- 
raiv  curii'sity.  Yet,  like  many  other  desiderata,  I  am  afraid  it  is 
likely  tit  !!■■  bi-yoiid  the  fiithoming  of  any  line  and  plummet  that 
will  be  applied  to  it  in  our  days." — Oct.  13, 1826. 

Charles  Butler,  one  of  the  must  acute  of  lawyers,  and 
peculiarly  well  skilled  in  legal  and  literary  controversy, 
and  who  had  moreover  examined  this  subject  with  the  per- 
sonal assistance  of  John  Wilkes,  the  correspondent  of 
Junius  himself,  writes  to  Barker,  in  1S2S, 

"  I  am  sorry  I  cannot  communicate  to  you  any  intbrmation  of 
importance  on  the  subject  in  which  you  take  so  great  an  interest. 
I  have  only  to  add,  that  it  appears  to  me  involved  in  as  great  ob- 
Ecurity  as  ever" 

And  now — to  descend  to  smaller  things — we  are  encou- 
raged by  the  candour  of  these  eminent  individuals  to  emu- 
late their  frankness;  and  we  will  be  magnanimous  enough 
to  own  that  onr  researches  have  placed  us  exactly  in  the 
position  of  Messrs.  Good,  Nicolas,  Butler,  and  some  thou- 
sands of  others  in  "pursuit  of  knowledge  under  difficul- 
ties :" — we  arc  altogether  ignorant  of  the  authorship  of  the 
Letters  of  Junius.  We  have  no  claim  to  question  the 
veracity  of  this  mysterious  personage,  who  declared,  *' I 
am  the  sole  depository  of  my  secret,  and  it  shall  die  with 
me."  We  have  already  quoted  a  portion  of  the  eloquent 
comments  of  Dr.  Good  upon  Junius  as  a  writer,  but  we  are 
not  willing  to  conclude  this  article  without  citing  some 
further  authorities  on  this  point: 

*'  I  quote  Junius  in  English,  as  I  would  Tacitus  or  Livy  in  Latin. 
I  consider  him  as  a  legitimate  English  Classick." — Jilathias's  Fur- 
suits  of  Literature. 

"Junius  burst  into  notice  with  a  hlnze  of  impudence  which  has 
rarely  glar-d  iipnn  tluMvorld  before,  aud  drew  the  rabble  atti  i  liini 
asam^ln^tl■l■  makis  a  show.  'NMien  he  had  once  provided  iVir  bis 
safety  bv  inip''niH,il'b.--'i-n'ev,  hr  bad  iK.niiiiL;  b- (-..nibat  but  truth 
and  jn-ti.  .■.rn.iiii.'-  \vieaiile  kiiM\v>  to  br  frrbi- in  tbr  dark.  Being 
tli'-n  at  bl>Ml\  ii.  imliil-.'  lijiii-rit  in  ail  the  iiiuinuiiti.-s  of  invisi- 
bility, out  ot  the  reach  ot  danger,  he  lias  been  Udd;  out  of  the 
reach  of  shame,  he  has  been  confident.  As  a  rhetorician,  he  has 
the  art  of  persuading  when  he  seconded  desire;  as  a  reasoner,  he 
has  convinced  those  who  had  no  doubt  before ;  as  a  moralist,  he  has 
taught  that  virtue  may  disgrace;  and  as  a  patriot,  he  has  gratified 
the  mean  by  insults  on  the  high.  ...  It  is  not  by  his  liveliness  of 
imagery,  his  pungency  of  periods,  or  his  fertility  of  allusion,  that 
he  detains  the  cits  of  Lundnu  and  the  boors  of  .Middlesex.  Of  style 
and  sentiment  they  take  no  cognizance." — Dr.  Samuel  Johnson: 
On  the  Seizure  of  the  Falkhmd  Jdands,  1771. 

The  citation  of  this  passage  may  remind  the  reader  that 
an  eminent  modern  critic  has  brought  the  names  of  John- 
son and  Junius  into  juxtaposition  in  his  remarks  upon  the 
chronological  history  of  English  style: 

"  Adam  Smith  was  nearly  the  first  who  made  deeper  reasonings 
and  more  exact  knowledge  popular  among  us,  and  Johnson  and 
Junius  the  first  who  again  familiarized  us  with  more  glowing  and 
sonorous  diction,  and  made  ua  feel  the  lameness  and  X'oorness  of 
the  serious  style  "f  Addi-.n  and  Swift." — Lord  Jeffrey:  Contrib. 
to  Edin.  Review.  L.m-,  J^-^'..  77. 

*'How  comes  tliis  Junius  to  have  broke  throui^h  the  cobwebs  of 
the  law.  and  to  range  nne.intrniied.  unpiiTiisiH  d,  ibniuL'h  the  land? 
The  myrmidons  of  the  t'mirt  liavebern  b-n^.and  arr  still,  pursuing 
him  in  vain.  They  will  not  spend  their  tnnr  iipnn  me.  or  you,  or 
you.  No:  they  disdain  such  verniin  when  the  mighty  boar  of  the 
forest,  that  hn-s  broken  through  all  their  toils,  is  before  them.  But 
what  will  all  their  efforts  avail?  No  sooner  lias  he  wounded  one 
than  he  lays  another  dead  at  his  feet.  For  my  part,  when  I  saw 
his  attack  upon  the  king.  I  own  ray  blood  ran  cold.  ...  In  short, 
after  carrying  away  our  Royal  Eagle  in  his  pounces  and  dashing 
him  against  a  rock,  he  has  laid  you  prostrate.  Kings,  Lords,  and 
Commons  are  but  the  sport  of  his  fury.  Were  he  a  member  of  this 
House,  what  might  nut  be  expected  from  his  knowledge,  his  firm- 
ness and  integrity  1  He  would  be  easily  known  by  his  contempt 
of  all  danger,  by  his  penetration,  by  his  vigour.  Nothing  would 
escape  his  vigilance  and  activity.  Bad  ministers  could  conceal  ntn 
thing  from  his  sagacity ;  nor  could  promises  nor  threats  induce  him 
to  conceal  any  thing  from  the  public."— Edmund  Borke:  Speech  in 
the  House  of  Cnvimons. 

Junius  Secundus.  1.  Individual  Despotism  dan- 
gerous to  Public  Liberty,  Lon.,  1849,  Svo.  2.  Congrega- 
tionalism as  it  is,  and  as  it  ought  to  be,  1S50,  Svo. 

Junius  Secundus.     See  Kelsal.  Cuarles,  No.  5. 

Junius,  Patrick,  Librarian  to  James  1.     1.  Versio 

et  Nuta;  in  Clemeutis  Epist.  ad  Romanus,  Oxf.,  1633,  4to. 


2.  Annot.  in  MS.  Ale.xand.  LXX.  luterp.,  1660,  foL     Seo 
Bibl.  Polygl.  Waltoni.  vi. 

Junius,  R.     The  Pastor's  Advocate,  Lon.,  4to. 
Junius,  K.    TheDrunkard'sCharacter,  Lon.,  1638,  8to. 
"  Very  acute  and  forcible  passages  and  descriptions." — Rev.  II.  J. 
Todd. 

Junius,  R,     Cure  of  Misprision,  Lon.,  1646,  Svo. 
Junkin,   D.  X.,   D.D.,  a   Prcsbyteri.an  divine.     Tho 
Oath  a  lHvine  Ordinance,  and  an  Element  of  tho  Social 
Constitution,  N.  York,  ISd-'i,  12mo.    This  work  has  been 
highly  commended. 

Junkin,  George,  D.D.,  a  Presbyterian  divine,  for- 
merly President  of  Lafayette  College.  Easton,  now  Pre- 
sident of  Washington  College.  Lexington,  Virginia,  b. 
1790,  in  Cumberland  county,  Pcnna.,  has  pub.  a  Treati.se 
on  Justification,  Phila.,  1S39,  12mo,  Lectures  on  Pro- 
phecy. 1844,  Svo,  a  number  of  Sermons,  Addresses,  &c., 
and  edited  and  contributed  to  several  periodicals,  1826-53. 
Junkin,  Margaret,  daughter  of  the  preceding,  has 
gained  some  reputation  by  fugitive  poems,  specimens  of 
which  will  be  found  in  May's  American  Female  Poets, 
1854;  and  in  Read's  Female  Poets  of  America,  6th  ed., 
1855.  See  also  an  article  on  the  Female  Poets  of  Ame- 
rica, by  Mrs.  E.  F.  Ellet,  in  the  North  American  Review, 
for  April.  1849,  Miss  Junkin  has  pub.,  within  the  last  few 
weeks,  Silverwood,  a  Book  of  Memories,  1857. 

Jurin,  Janijes,  M.D.,  16S4-1750.  pub.  a  number  of 
medical  and  mathemat.  works,  1712-49,  for  a  list  of  which 
see  Watt's  Bibl.  Brit.  See  accounts  of  Jurin  in  Rces's  Cyc.; 
Michols's  Lit.  Anec. ;  Works  of  the  Learned,  1737-39,  '41. 
Justamond,  John  O.,  Surgeon  R.A.,  d.  1786,  pnb. 
Surgical  Tracts,  Lon..  1789.  4to,  several  medical  works,  a 
trans,  of  The  Private  Life  of  Louis  XV.,  17SI,  4  vols.  Svo, 
and  a  trans,  of  Abb6  Raynal's  Hist,  of  the  Settlements 
aud  Trade  of  the  Europeans  in  the  East  and  West  Indies, 
1776,  5  vols.  Svo;  1783,  S  vols.  Svo;  -1784,  6  vols.  Svo; 
1788,  8  vols.  Svo.  The  last  edits,  contain  the  addititms 
and  corrections  of  the  Geneva  ed.  (in  French)  of  1780, 
10  vols.  Svo,  atlas  in  4to.  It  is  Faid  that  this  work  has 
been  trans,  into  every  European  language.  It  is  truly  va- 
luable, but  far  from  uuexceptionnble  in  its  moral  tendency. 
One-third  of  it  was  written  by  Diderot.  It  was  ordered 
to  be  burned  by  the  Parliament  of  Paris,  and  a  decree  was 
issued  for  the  arrest  of  Raynal,  who  managed  to  escape. 

'-Tlie  WMik  of  llavnal  treats  of  every  thing  that  <  :iii  ^"■  ■MMiL'lit 
for  connertr.i  \\iili  tlie  East  and  West  Indies;  and  ii  ili^  ,-iiid.nt 
will  pursue  ihi(iUL;]i  tlie  work  all  the  great  leading  bi-lMii,  ,i| .  s-nl-^, 
he  will  tind  tliem  not  only  agrerable  but  usefui;"~l'R'iF.  Smyth. 

'*  We  do  not  scruple  to  proiiMniii  r  tbe  \vi.rk  in  its  English  dress 
correct,  elegant,  and  nervous." — L"U.  Mi'till,.  liev. 

Justel.     On  an  Engine,  etc.;   PhU.  Trans.,  1686. 
Justice,  Alexander.     L  Laws  of  the  Sea,  &c..  Lon., 
1705,  4to.     2.  Commerce,  1707,  4to.     3.  Monies  and  Ex- 
change, 1707,  4to. 

Justice,  Elizabeth.  A  Voyage  to  Russia,  Lon., 
1739,  '46.  Svo. 

Justice,  James.     1.  Scotch  Gardener's  Director.     2. 
British  Gardener's  Director,  Edin.,  1754,  '67,  Svo. 
"An  iirij^inal  wurk." — Lon.  Quar.  Hew 

Juxon,  William,  1582-1063,  Fellow  of  St.  John's 
College,  Oxford,  1598;  Vicar  of  St.  Giles's,  Oxford,  1609; 
Rector  of  Somerton,  1614;  President  of  his  College,  1621 ; 
Vice-Chancellor,  1626-27;  subsequently  Dean  of  Worces- 
ter, and  Preb.  of  Chichester;  elected  Bishop  of  Hereford, 
1633,  but  in  the  same  year,  and  before  consecration,  was 
removed  to  the  bishopric  of  London ;  Lord  High-Treasurer, 
1635^1 ;  Archbishop  of  Canterbury,  1660-63.  This  good 
man  adhered  faithfully  to  his  royal  master  during  his  im- 
prisonment previous  to  bis  barbarous  murder,  and  accom- 
panied him  to  the  scaffold.  1.  The  Subject's  Sorrow;  or. 
Lamentations  upon  the  death  of  Britain's  Josiah.  King 
Charles;  a  Serm.,  Lon.,  1640,  4to.  2.  Some  Considera- 
tions upon  the  Act  of  Uniformity,  ttc,  by  a  Servant  of 
the  God  iif  Peace,  1662.  4to.  See  Bliss's  Wood's  Atben. 
Oxon.:  Biog.  Brit.;  Le  Neve's  Lives  of  the  Archbishops; 
Sir  Philip  Warwick's  Memoirs;  Laud's  Life  and  Diary; 
Clarendon's  Hist,  of  the  Rebellion  ;  Hume's  Hist,  of  Eng. ; 
Hallam's  Constit.  Hist,  of  Eng.,  7lhed.,  Lon.,  1854,  ii.  39, 
40,  187,  n.  There  was  great  joy  at  Westminster  when,  in 
the  chapel  of  King  Henry  VIL.  Bishop  Juxon  was  ele- 
vated to  the  high  office  of  Archbishop  of  Canterbury,  and 
that  staunch  Churchman,  old  Anthony  Wood,  warms  at 
tho  narration : 

'■  Where,  besides  a  great  confluenco  of  orthodox  clergy,  many 
persons  of  honour,  and  gentry,  gave  God  thanks  for  the  mercies  of 
that  day,  as  being  touched  at  the  sight  of  that  good  man,  whom 
they  esteemed  a  person  of  primitive  sanctity,  of  great  wisdom, 
piety,  learning,  patience,  charity,  and  all  apostolical  virtues." — 
Bliss's  Wood's' Athen.  Oxon.,  iv.  819. 

Jyl  of  Breyntford.    Testament,  in  old  verse,  Lon.,4to. 

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